bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally induced coil‐to‐helix transition of sodium gellan gum with different molar masses in aqueous salt solutions
Authors: Ogawa Etsuyo , Takahashi Rheo , Yajima Hirofumi , Nishinari Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUsing 5 samples of well‐purified Na‐gellans (Na‐gellans G1–G5, weight‐average molar mass Mw = 120 × 103−32 × 103 at 40°C), the effects of molar mass on the coil‐to‐double‐helix transition in aqueous solutions with 25 mM NaCl were studied by light scattering and circular dichroism (CD) measurements, viscometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From the temperature dependence of Mw, molar ellipticity at 201nm [θ]201, intrinsic viscosity [η], and DSC exothermic curves, it was found that the coil‐to‐double‐helix transitions for G1–G5 samples took place at almost the same temperature. The [η] and Mw obtained in the temperature range from 40 to 25°C can be explained by a simple coil/double‐helix equilibrium model using the double‐helix contents determined from CD data. The van't Hoff's transition enthalpy ΔHvH of Na‐gellans depended on Mw. It is concluded that the coil‐to‐double‐helix transitions of Na‐gellans are all‐or‐none type transitions, and are accelerated with increasing Mw. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 207–217, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Prenatal depression, mode of delivery and perinatal dissociation as predictors of postpartum posttraumatic stress: an empirical study
Authors: van Son Maarten , Verkerk Gerda , van der Hart Onno , Komproe Ivan , Pop Victor 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis longitudinal study evaluated the validity of earlier established predictors for postpartum posttraumatic stress (postpartum PTS) in a community sample of women (n = 248) in the Netherlands. Data was collected at 32 weeks gestation and at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum by means of structured interviews. On the basis of the literature, an etiological model was defined with two pathways for the prediction of postpartum PTS. The model encompassed prepartum factors (e.g. depression in family, depression during life and depression during gestation), peripartum factors (e.g. type of delivery, experienced pain, social support by medical staff, supply of information and perinatal dissociation), and postpartum factors (e.g. postpartum depression). The model was evaluated by LISREL. Two pathways for postpartum PTS were confirmed: (1) delivery‐related stressors predict postpartum PTS and (2) previous depression predicts postpartum PTS. Implications for mental health care during and after delivery are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can patients specify treatment parameters? a preliminary investigation
Authors: Carey Timothy A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper I provide data that were obtained when patients made decisions regarding the scheduling of treatment sessions. I outline relevant information from the literature and describe Perceptual Control Theory as the theoretical basis of this work. The implications and limitations of the data are discussed as well as suggestions for future research. The data are interpreted as preliminary evidence that patients can take responsibility for decisions made during psychological treatment programs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the Properties of Organic Dyes by Molecular Encapsulation
Authors: Arunkumar Easwaran , Forbes Christopher C. , Smith Bradley D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThere is a demand for new methods of protecting organic dyes from aggregation effects and photochemical degradation. The purpose of this microreview is to summarize the recent attempts to improve the properties of dyes by molecular encapsulation. Organic dyes have been encapsulated inside inorganic matrices such as molecular sieves, and molecular containers such as cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, dendrimers, and self‐assembled gels. Another strategy is permanent protection of the dye as the thread component in a rotaxane. Molecular encapsulation is an attractive supramolecular strategy because it is inherently flexible and does not necessarily require time‐consuming synthetic processes. Indeed, molecular encapsulation is an effective way to recycle familiar dyes that are already well‐characterized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Characterization of hydroxyaromatic compounds in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis with direct injection in an oil‐miscible KOH/propanol/methanol medium
Authors: Mendonça Carla R. B. , Bica Clara I. D. , Piatnicki Clarisse M. S. , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe separation of hydroxyaromatic compounds in vegetable oils, including synthetic antioxidants (3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisol and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxytoluene), E‐vitamers and other natural oil components, by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in an oil‐miscible background electrolyte (BGE) was investigated. The BGE contained 40 mM KOH in a methanol/1‐propanol (PrOH) mixture (15:85 v/v). The oil samples were 1:1 diluted with PrOH and directly injected in the capillary. Under negative polarity (cathode at the injection end), the anionic solutes moved faster than the electroosmotic flow, being well‐resolved among them and from the triacylglycerols. Using virgin palm, extra virgin olive, wheat germ, virgin soybean and other oils, the capability of the procedure to quickly yield a characteristic profile of the biophenols present in the sample was demonstrated. The α‐, (β + γ)‐ (as unresolved pair) and δ‐tocopherols of a soybean oil sample were quantified.
Effect of polymer matrix and glycerol on rapid single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis for detection of mutations in K‐ras gene
Authors: Endo Yuki , Zhang Lihua , Katashima Rumi , Itakura Mitsuo , Doherty Erin A. S. , Barron Annelise E. , Baba Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present the rapid single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis to detect the mutations in K‐ras gene. Parameters that might affect the analysis of mutation in K‐ras gene, such as the polymer and the additive in the sieving matrix, have been studied systematically. Under the optimal conditions, the analysis of seven mutants of K‐ras gene could be finished within 10 min by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Furthermore, with the wild‐type gene as the inner standard, the analysis accuracy of mutations could be improved. In addition, by studying the properties of polymer solutions, the matrix suitable for microchip electrophoresis was found, and the detection of mutations in K‐ras gene could be further shortened to 1 min.
Simultaneous separation of organomercury species by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using methanol containing acetic acid and imidazole
Authors: Peng Zhen‐Lei , Qu Feng , Song Guanquan , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA simple and rapid nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous separation of four kinds of mercury species, namely inorganic mercury, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and phenylmercury, is reported. The effective mobilities of organomercury in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes were compared. Imidazole was confirmed not only as a co–ion for the separation but also as an online complexing reagent for mercury species. The optimum conditions for separation were achieved by using methanol solvent containing 0.15 M acetic acid and 15 mM imidazole as electrolyte. The sensitive detection of mercury species was accomplished at 191 nm.
Investigation of the effect of ionic strength of Tris‐acetate background electrolyte on electrophoretic mobilities of mono‐, di‐, and trivalent organic anions by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Koval Dušan , Kašička Václav , Zusková Iva 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe effect of ionic strength of the background electrolyte (BGE) composed of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and acetic acid on the electrophoretic mobility of mono‐, di‐ and trivalent anions of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic and sulfonic acids was investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Actual ionic mobilities of the above anions were determined from their CZE separations in Tris‐acetate BGEs of pH 8.1 to 8.2 in the 3 to 100 mM ionic strength interval at constant temperature (25°C). It was found that the ionic strength dependence of experimentally determined actual ionic mobilities does not follow the course supposed by the classical Onsager theory. A steeper decrease of actual ionic mobilities with the increasing ionic strength of BGE and a higher estimated limiting mobility of the anions than that found in the literature could be attributed to the specific behavior of the Tris‐acetate BGEs. Presumably, not only a single type of interaction of anionic analytes with BGE constituents but rather the combination of effects, such as ion association or complexation equilibria, seems to be responsible for the observed deviation of the concentration dependence of the actual ionic mobilities from the Onsager theory. Additionally, several methods for the determination of limiting ionic mobilities from CZE measured actual ionic mobilities were evaluated. It turned out that the determined limiting ionic mobilities significantly depend on the calculation procedure used.
The influence of tungsten compounds on the synthesis and properties of polyaniline
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav , Trchová Miroslava , Holler Petr , Sapurina Irina , Prokeš Jan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAniline was oxidized in an acidic aqueous medium with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the presence of various concentrations of tungsten compounds. The oxidation has two phases: an induction period followed by the exothermic polymerization. The course of oxidation was monitored by recording the reaction temperature or pH. The introduction of 2 mol% sodium tungstate (relative to aniline) prolonged the induction period from 5 to 30 min. Such molar concentration of tungstosilicic acid delayed the onset of polymerization by 120 min. The effect of sodium molybdate was less pronounced; sodium chromate had no influence on the course of oxidation. The presence of tungsten compounds had not affected the conductivity and molecular weight of the produced polyaniline. FTIR spectra and density determinations have proved that tungstate and tungstosilicate counter‐ions have been incorporated into polyaniline when they were present in the reaction mixture. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The Skyrme model with a U*(1) gauged Wess‐Zumino term in a noncommutative spacetime
Authors: Mieck B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Skyrme model is generalized for a noncommutative spacetime with the Weyl‐operators of SU(2) matrices and the corresponding star‐product. The unitary condition and the topological current can be extended to star‐exponential matrices. The Wess‐Zumino term which breaks unphysical symmetries of the Skyrme action is gauged with the U*(1) group to allow for electromagnetic processes in a noncommutative spacetime. Apart from corrections to the anomalous decay γ→π0π+π– in commuting spacetime, the additional anomalous process γ→π0π0π0 is found in the U*(1) gauged Wess‐Zumino action for a noncommutative spacetime.
Gravitational scattering of massless scalars in QFT and superstring theory
Authors: Pašukonis J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper we perform the calculation of the gravitational scattering amplitude for 4 massless scalars in quantum field theory and Type II superstring theory. We show that the results agree, providing an example of how gravity is incorporated in the superstring theory. During the calculation we quantize gravitational action to derive graviton propagator and interaction vertex with massless scalar. We also calculate general 3‐point and 4‐point scattering amplitudes in SST for open and closed massless strings in NS sector.
Joint density of states at extended defects in CVD diamond, observed via highly spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy
Authors: Bangert U. , Harvey A. J. , Schreck M. , Hoermann F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractResults are presented of highly spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy conducted on extended defects in CVD diamond. Analysis of the low energy loss regime shows that the joint density of states in the vicinity of dislocation nodes and secondary stacking faults, formed by incomplete dissociation of partial dislocations, can be different from that in perfect bulk material. Extra intensity in the joint density of states below the conduction band edge and in the lower conduction band was observed, with the most marked increase at around 6 eV. This is an indicator for sp2‐bond character. Spatially these states are too widely dispersed to be innate to the dislocation cores, and they are thought to arise from point defect segregation to extended defects. Kramers–Kronig and valence band plasmon analysis suggest an increase in the effective electron density and mass at the dislocation nodes. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of near‐atomically flat, thick homoepitaxial CVD diamond films
Authors: Bogdan G. , Nesládek M. , D'Haen J. , Maes J. , Moshchalkov V. V. , Haenen K. , D'Olieslaeger M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDiamond films were grown in an ASTeX MW PE CVD reactor. The effect of pre‐growth etching with a O2/H2 plasma and the influence of the methane concentration on growth on type Ib (100) HPHT synthetic diamonds were investigated. By controlling step flow growth we were able to prepare optical quality thick diamond films, free of hillocks and unepitaxial crystallites, with a relatively high growth rate of 4 to 5 µm/h using higher pressures and methane concentrations than standard growth conditions in combination with a modified substrate holder. All diamond films were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. The mean roughness (Rms) of the films grown with a thickness of 120 µm was approximately 0.5 to 0.8 nm for scanning regions of 5 × 5 µm2. For the first time nearatomically flat films thicker than 200 µm could be prepared. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Introduction to symmetry methods in the solution of differential equations that occur in chemistry and chemical biology
Authors: Hydon Peter E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis article is a short overview of the main ways in which symmetries can be used to obtain exact information about differential equations. It is written for a general scientific audience; readers do not need any previous knowledge of symmetry methods. The information yielded by symmetry methods may include the general solution of a given differential equation, special “invariant solutions” (such as similarity solutions), and conservation laws. Several symmetry methods have been implemented as computer algebra packages, which can be used by nonspecialists. Toward the end of the study, there is a brief outline of some recent developments in symmetry methods that await translation into symbolic algebra. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Use of symbolic and numeric computation techniques in analysis of biochemical reaction networks
Authors: Yildirim Necmettin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMathematical models of biochemical reaction networks involve nonlinear differential equations with a number of parameters whose values are generally not known a priori. Analysis of such networks includes both analytical and numerical work. The analytical part of such analysis often requires manipulation with massive algebraic expressions that may become challenging due to the inherent nonlinearities and unknown parameters in the model. Computer algebra systems (CASs), which are also capable of performing calculations with symbols and to generate ready‐to‐use computer codes for numerical computations, are excellent tools in such analysis. The present work gives a brief description of how we can benefit from computer algebra to overcome such difficulties and combine symbolic and numeric computation techniques in such analysis with several illustrative biochemical reaction networks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The usefulness of tests in anorectal disease
Authors: Parks T. George 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSpecialized tests of anorectal function are designed to complement but not to replace good clinical examination and sound professional judgement. The different methods of recording pressure changes have advantages and disadvantages. Poor correlation exists when data recorded using miniature balloons are compared with data from microtransducers. Prolonged ambulatory monitoring of anal sphincter and rectal pressure reveal that spontaneous transient episodes of sphincter relaxation are demonstrable in normal subjects. In the investigation of patients with possible traction injury to the pudendal nerve, electromyography and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency data are more precise than manometry data. Good correlation between noninvasive surface electromyography using an intraanal plug electrode and anal manometry can be attained. Mapping of sphincter defects using concentric needle technology is reasonably accurate but distinctly painful. Dynamic defecography readily demonstrates abnormalities of the rectal wall. The division between what is normal and what is clinically relevant is rather imprecise. Comparative studies of sonographic and electromyographic mapping of sphincter defects give good correlation. Recent application of fine hooked electrodes have demonstrated periodic episodes of smooth muscle and sphincter relaxation. The saline infusion test and balloon expulsion test help to accurately quantify the difficulty patients experience in retention or evacuation, respectively. Perineometry is a simple, rapid, noninvasive method of measuring the extent of perineal descent on straining. Although reproducible, it tends to underestimate the degree of descent when compared with the radiological method but it avoids the use of ionized radiation.
Pre‐operative and post‐operative radiotherapy and rectal cancer
Authors: Påhlman Lars , Glimelius Bengt 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe appropriate role for additional radiotherapy in patients with resectable rectal cancer is not yet settled. Irradiation has been considered by surgeons and radiotherapists as superfluous since no effect on survival has been shown. However, numerous trials have demonstrated that perioperative radiotherapy decreases an often high local recurrence rate while others believe it has a definite place in routine management. Several surgeons have, on the contrary, claimed that a skilled surgeon compared to a less skilled surgeon, will get the same acceptably low local recurrence rates. Since we will probably never have a randomized trial comparing “good” and “bad” surgeons, this argument cannot be settled. A further obstacle arises in the difficulty of persuading surgeons to organize their routine work so that it is performed in an optimal way by those specializing in this field. The question also arises whether radiotherapy should be delivered pre‐operatively, postoperatively or as a “sandwich” technique, i.e., both pre‐operatively and postoperatively. According to radio‐biological considerations and results from reported trials, the best effect on local tumor control has been achieved using pre‐operative radiotherapy.
Results of the double stapling procedure in pelvic surgery
Authors: Dean Griffen F. , Knight Charles D. , Knight Charles D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe double stapling technique for rectal reconstruction after resection involves closing the lower rectal segment with a linear stapler and performing the anastomosis using a circular stapler across the linear staple row. The purpose of this report is to review the results of double stapling, present our experience, and draw conclusions from the material available. We have utilized the double stapling technique in 80 patients for primary anastomoses and in 11 patients for secondary anastomoses following Hartmann procedures. Twenty‐one anastomoses were at or near the dentate line. Fifty‐six patients had rectal carcinoma, 29 patients had diverticulitis, 3 patients had carcinoma of the ovary, and 1 patient each had traumatic rectal perforation, volvulus, or rectal prolapse. Complications in the total 91 patients included 3 anastomotic leaks (3.3%), 1 postoperative hemoperitoneum (1.1%), and 3 strictures (3.3%). No anastomosis was protected by diverting colostomy. There were no operative deaths. Of 43 patients with cancer available for follow‐up, 4 patients have developed local recurrence. The technique has been modified for ileoanal anastomosis during abdominal restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis and early results are favorable. The double stapling technique provides a safe method for rectal reconstruction at or near the dentate line and offers the following advantages over other stapler techniques: (1) It eliminates the frustrating distal pursestring; (2) The rectal segment is not opened, minimizing contamination; and (3) It avoids gathering the sometimes generous circumference of the rectum on a pursestring thus allowing a more precise distal donut.
Abdominal trauma in war
Authors: Rignault Daniel P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn war, the percentage of casualties with abdominal wounds on battle‐fields is near 20%. Roughly half of these casualties die almost immediately from bleeding. Wounding agents are most often either bullets or fragments from various detonating devices. Severity of pathology induced by these agents and prolonged lag time between injury and treatment constitute major differences between peace and war abdominal injuries. Since the means of diagnosis is unsophisticated in war, penetrating abdominal injury leads to systematic exploratory laparotomy, although 10% to 20% of explorations are negative. The management of colon lesions remains a controversial issue. In modern war surgery manuals, primary colon repair is not totally condemned and is generally considered acceptable, but under stricter criteria than in civilian practice. In abdominal war wounds, mortality rate dropped from 53% during World War I to 18–36% at the end of World War II. In Vietnam it went down near 10% in some limited hospital series. But other data collected during that conflict show a less rosy picture. Of 476 abdominal casualties, the total mortality reached 42%. The hospital mortality among the survivors was 11.5%. Death in cases where abdominal wound was the primary lesion was due to hemorrhage in 60%, sepsis in 25%, and pulmonary insufficiency in 15%. Survivors had an average of 1.8 injured organs.