bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the substrate on neurofilament phosphorylation in mixed cultures of rat embryo spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Dahl D. , Gilad V.H. , Maggini L. , Bignami A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe effect of the substrate on neurofilament phosphorylation was studied in primary cultures of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia dissociated from 15‐day‐old rat embryos. On polylysine and Primaria® substrates, spinal cord neurons formed aggregates connected by bundles of neurites. (Primaria® dishes have a modified plastic surface with a net positive charge.) On both polylysine and Primaria® substrates, spinal cord neurons were stained with neurofilament monoclonal antibodies reacting with phosphorylated epitopes appearing early in rat embryo development, i.e. soon after neurofilament expression. Conversely, immunoreactivity with antibodies recognizing late phosphorylation events was only observed on Primaria® substrates. As reported by many investigators, fibronectin and laminin were excellent substrates for dorsal root ganglia neurons in culture. However, on both laminin and fibronectin substrates immunoreactivity with antibodies recognizing late phosphorylation events, only occurred after several days in culture, at a time when non‐neuronal cells (mainly astrocytes) had formed a confluent monolayer.
Effects of combined pre‐ and postnatal ethanol exposure (three trimester equivalency) on glial cell development in rat optic nerve
Authors: Phillips D.E. , Krueger S.K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of a combined gestational and 10 day postnatal alcohol exposure (human three trimester equivalency) on the development of glial cells in the rat optic nerve. Pregnant rats were exposed to alcohol via a liquid diet, then their pups were artificially reared and further exposed to alcohol for 10 postnatal days via a gastrostomy fed liquid diet. Control animals, born of pair fed dams, were artificially reared on pair fed isocaloric diets. Optic nerve tissues were prepared for light and electron microscopic studies from animals on gestational days (G) 15 and 20 and postnatal days (P) 5, 10, 15, 20 and 90. There were fewer glial cells per cross‐section on day 15 and the crosssectional areas of optic nerves were smaller on days G20, P15 and P90 in the ethanol exposed animals. There was an alcohol‐induced delay in the appearance of immature cells within the oligodendroglia lineage and a decrease in the number of oligodendroglia present at 15 and 20 days, indicating a delay in the maturation of oligodendroglial cells. These effects were compensated for by 90 days. Maturation of the astrocytic cell lineage was generally unaffected by the alcohol although there was evidence of increased numbers of cells in the lineage. There was no consistent indication of alcohol‐induced degeneration of glial cells or their organelles. Thus, alcohol exposure for all of gestation and 10 postnatal days in the rat causes a delay in oligodendrocyte maturation but appears to have no long‐term effects on the glial cell population of the optic nerve. Such a delay, by contributing to delays in myelin development, could help to explain some of the neurological dysfunctions associated with developmental alcohol exposures.
Effect of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors on the transport of glutamate into neuronal and glial primary cultures
Authors: Jankásková B. , Lisý V. , Šťastný F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractInhibitors of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (mixture of serine and borate — 13 mM, kainic acid — 5 mM and 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐L‐norleucine — 2 mM) significantly suppressed glutamate uptake into cultured neurones and glial cells. The simultaneous application of any of these inhibitors with ouabain resulted in a further decline in glutamate uptake. It can be speculated that gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase significantly contributes to glutamate transport into nerve cells in the early period of brain development until the Na+‐K+‐gradient is fully constituted.
Effect of CDP‐choline treatment on mitochondrial and synaptosomal protein composition in different brain regions during aging
Authors: Villa Roberto F. , Ingrao Francesca , Magri Grazia , Gorini Antonella , Reale Salvatore , Costa Antonino , Ragusa Nicolo' , Avola Roberto , Giuffrida‐Stella Anna Maria 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSeveral age‐dependent modifications of inner mitochondrial membrane and synaptosomal plasma membrane proteins from different brain regions of 4‐, 12‐, 18‐ and 24‐month‐old male Wistar rats, were observed. Some proteins, identified by immunoblotting assay as various subunits of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and calmodulin, were particularly impaired. Chronic treatment with CDP‐choline at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight per day for 28 days caused significant changes in the amounts of several of the above mentioned proteins. Most of the proteins, which decreased during aging, showed a significant increase after CDP‐choline treatment compared with the corresponding control values at the same age. The effect of CDP‐choline might be due to: — the increased availability of cytidylic nucleotides, which in the brain are present in limited amounts compared to the other nucleotides; — the increased content of total adenine nucleotides; —the improvement of brain energy metabolism.
Migration pathways, differentiation and survival of macroglial cells from a xenograft implanted into the thalamus of newborn mice
Authors: Quinonero J. , Colin C. , Villarroya H. , Collins P. , Jacque C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEmbryonic rabbit corpus callosum transplants were grafted into the thalamus of newborn shiverer mice in order to compare the fates of oligodendroglial and astroglial cells derived from the transplants. Our model allowed the identification of the two populations of macroglial cells. The thalamus was chosen as site of implantation because of its situation at a crossroad of numerous neuronal fascicles. Previous studies, where the dorsal striatum was used as site of implantation, had shown that corpus callosum was one of the favorite routes of migration for both populations of macroglial cells. In the present study special attention was given to the comparison of the migration pathways and areas of settlement of implanted astroglia and oligodendroglia. The internal capsule, the medial lemniscus, the crus cerebri and the thalamic radiations were used by both populations of transplant derived macroglial cells for their migrations through the host parenchyma. They integrated into the host tissue on these routes or further away in areas such as the putamen, the mesencephalon or the colliculi. Signs of degeneration of the implanted astroglia were often observed after 1 month post‐implantation.
Transplantation of cultured type 1 astrocyte cell suspensions into young, adult and aged rat cortex: Cell migration and survival
Authors: Andersson Candace , Tytell Michael , Brunso‐Bechtold Judy 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe present study examined the fate and migration of transplanted astrocytes in different host ages. Additionally, the effect of donor cell age was examined in relation to cell migration. Cultured astrocytes from 5,12 and 30 days in vitro were transplanted into young (postnatal day 5 and 21), adult (4.5 month), and aged (21 month) animals. The transplanted cells were labeled with Fast Blue, Fluorogold or DiI. The results confirmed previous studies demonstrating that transplanted cells were able to migrate successfully through host central nervous system and extended those findings to show that the age of the host significantly influenced donor cell migration distance. Migration was most extensive in young animals, as conditions supporting cell migration appeared to be lacking in older animals. Donor cells preferentially migrated on myelinated fiber tracts, rather than on unmyelinated fiber tracts or gray matter. The donor cells were not glial fibrillary acidic protein positive, indicating that either the cultured type 1 astrocytes did not survive transplantation or underwent significant remodeling of the intermediate filament network. It is also possible that a subpopulation of cells, possibly immature astrocytes which are present in the transplanted cell suspensions, flourished and subsequently migrated in the host brains.
Directed migration of transplanted glial cells toward a spinal cord demyelinating lesion
Authors: Gout O. , Dubois‐Dalcq M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo investigate the migration of transplanted glial cells in normal adult mice with a focal demyelinating lesion, we have used A2G mice which have the autosomal dominant Mx‐1 allele as donor. Mx‐1 protein expression is inducible by interferon and is detected in a dotted pattern in the nucleus of A2G cells. A/J mice were used as recipient animals as they express the same major histocompatibility antigens as A2G but cannot express the Mx‐1 protein. An acute demyelinating lesion was produced in the A/J spinal cord by intraspinal injection of lysolecithin. Mixed glial cultures derived from newborn A2G brain were treated with α/β interferon for 24 hr. These Mx‐1 expressing glial cells were then transplanted two intervertebral spaces away from the demyelinating lesion. The fate of the grafted cells was followed over the next 13 days, during which the induced Mx‐1 protein can still be detected by immunocytochemistry. Grafted cells were found between the transplantation site and the lesion at 24 hr and some of the Mx‐1+ cells reached the lesion at 4 days. The majority of the Mx‐1+ migrating cells expressed GFAP and were located in the myelinated white matter and around the blood vessels. Scattered MBP+, Mx‐1+ cells were detected in the lesion indicating that some of the transplanted cells may participate in the repair process. The Mx‐1 is a useful marker to follow the migration events in the days after grafting and to determined what factors may attract transplanted cells toward a demyelinating lesion.
The migratory potential of vitally labelled microglial cells within the retina of rats with hereditary photoreceptor dystrophy
Authors: Thanos Solon , Richter Waltraud 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe employed a recently developed technique of labelling retinal microglial cells to identify these cells within the retinal parenchyma and to determine their role during degenerative diseases. In a first set of experiments we retrogradely labelled the ganglion cells from the superior colliculus of neonatal pups of the royal college of surgeons (RCS)‐strain with the fluorescent dye 4Di‐10ASP [N‐4‐4‐(4‐didecylaminostyryl‐N‐methylpropidium iodide)] at the day of birth. In a second group of young rats of the same strain retrograde staining of ganglion cells was performed by applying the fluorescent dye at the cross‐sectional area of the transected optic nerve. In both experimental groups, prelabelled ganglion cells die. In the neonatal rats ganglion cells disappear because the initial neuronal cell population becomes naturally reduced by about 35% in the course of the programed cell death, which takes place during the first 2 weeks of life. In the mature rat, ganglion cells die as a consequence of the axotomy. In both cases, the fluorescent dye, which is a lipid inserted into the cell membrane, labels the ganglion cell bodies after retrograde transport from the axons. In the course of their degradation the dye is then selectively taken up by intraretinal microglial cells in the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers. In both groups of experiments, fluorescently labelled microglial cells were redistributed from the inner retina toward the photoreceptor cell layer, which is afflicted by chronic photoreceptor dystrophy. Similar migration does not occur when the same experiments were repeated with non‐dystrophic normal rats. The experimental results suggest that intraretinal microglial cells possess a migratory potential and make use of it when the cells are exposed to degeneration‐induced stimuli, the nature of which remains to be characterized.
Migratory, invasive and metastatic capacity of NCAM transfected rat glioma cells
Authors: Edvardsen Klaus , Brünner Nils , Spang‐Thomsen Mogens , Walsh Frank S. , Bock Elisabeth 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA cDNA encoding a transmembrane 140 kDa isoform of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, was transfected into the rat glioma cell line BT4Cn. Transfectants with a homogeneously high expression of NCAM‐B showed a decreased capacity for penetration of an artificial basement membrane when compared to cells transfected with expression‐vector alone or untransfected cells. However, when injected subcutaneously into nude mice, both NCAM expressing cells and control cells produced invasive tumors. Nude mice injected with NCAM positive cells developed tumors with slower growth rates as compared to those induced by NCAM negative cells. This implies that NCAM may not only be involved in adhesive and motile behaviour of glioma cells, but also in their growth regulation.
Migration of human malignant astrocytoma cells in the mammalian brain: Scherer revisited
Authors: Laws Edward R. , Goldberg William J. , Bernstein Jerald J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFresh suspensions of human glioblastoma multiforme were preincubated in the plant lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHAL) and implanted into cortical pockets in adult rat brain. Brains were investigated periodically over 30 postoperative days and the migration of the human glioblastoma cells was traced with anti‐PHAL immunofluorescence or the overexpression of human specific p185c‐neu a specific marker of a class of human malignant astrocytoma cells. The principal pathway of migration of the implanted human cells in the rat brain was ventrally through cortical gray matter and into the corpus callosum, with rapid lateral distribution in this and other parallel and intersecting white matter fascicles. Human glioblastoma cells also migrated on basement membrane lined blood vessels, pia‐glia membrane and spaces of Virchow‐Robin, as well as the subependymal space of the ventricles. These paths of migration of human glioblastoma cells in the rat brain are consistent with the pathways of spread of glioblastoma in the human brain as described by Scherer over 50 years ago, indicating that multifocal malignant astrocytomas have common migratory pathways in mature mammalian brain.
Neuropeptides in dissociated cell cultures of mammalian spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion
Authors: Matthew E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractImmunohistochemical studies of leucine‐enkephalin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neurotensin were carried out in dissociated cell co‐cultures of embryonic mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion, using the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique. Leucine‐enkephalin immunoreactivity exceeded that of the other peptides in these coculture preparations. Leucine‐enkephalin, substance P and somatostatin were also studied in spinal cord cultures (without dorsal root ganglia) and in dorsal root ganglia cultures (without spinal cord). Each of these peptides was present in only a small percentage (<10%) of perikarya and processes in spinal cord cultures. No leucine‐enkephalin immunoreactivity was seen in dorsal root ganglion cultures; a considerable proportion of the processes were immunoreactive for substance P or somatostatin. These observations suggest that co‐cultures of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia can provide a simplified in vitro “model” of the nervous system for the study of peptidergic interactions.
Nuclear patterns of apoptotic and developing neurons of superior cervical ganglion of newborn rat
Authors: Diana Andrea , Setzu Mariella , Sirigu Silvia , Diaz∗ Giacomo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSuperior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons of female rats aged 3, 5 and 7 days revealed conspicuous nuclear changes in neurons undergoing postnatal cell death. Several qualitative and quantitative data such as nuclear size and shape, the presence of atypical chromocenters and chromatin textural features discriminated well neurons candidate to degeneration and those advancing in the direction of adult maturation. At least on morphological grounds, postnatal death of SCG neurons appears to be of apoptotic type. The sequence of nuclear events observed enables the recognition of the early stages of involution which prelude neuron degeneration.
Interleukin‐1β and interferon γ interact with fibroblast growth factor‐2 in the control of neuroblastoma cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Scheil S. , Lüdecke G. , Unsicker K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBased on our previous observations that neuroblastoma (MB) cells express fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2; basic FGF) and respond to it [Janet T. et al. (submitted); Wewetzer K. et al. (1993) J. Neurosci. Res.36, 209–215), we attempted to find to what extent selected cytokines [interleukin (IL)‐1β and interferon γ (IFNγ)] may modulate FGF‐mediated proliferative activity and differentiation. The NB cell lines IMR‐32, SH‐SY5Y, GIMEN and LAN‐1 and colorimetric assays were used for the determination of cell numbers. IL‐1β (and several other ILs, including IL‐1α, −2, −3, and 6) per se did not affect proliferation of any cell line studied. IFNγ inhibited growth of GIMEN and LAN‐1 cells, but was uneffective on IMR‐32 and SH‐SY5Y cells. FGF‐2 was antimitogenic for GIMEN cells. IFNγ reversed and IL‐1β enhanced this antimitogenic effect of FGF‐2. FGF‐2 per se did not affect LAN‐1 cells and did not modulate the growth inhibitory actions of IFNγ on these cells. FGF‐2 induced proliferation of IMR‐32 and SH‐SY5Y cells. This effect was not modulated by IFNγ or IL‐1β. These results suggest a heterogeneous response pattern of human NB cell lines towards the cytokines studied and complex interactions of FGF‐2, IL‐1β and IFNγ.
‘Green’ value chain practices in the furniture industry
Authors: Handfield Robert B , Walton Steve V , Seegers Lisa K , Melnyk Steven A 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper draws on the results of interviews with five environmental managers in the furniture industry to develop a taxonomy of environmentally‐friendly (‘green’) best practices within the operations management value chain. This taxonomy is then extended to develop a group of propositions concerning the role of management in promoting environmentally‐friendly practices. The results suggest that in order to be successful, environmental management strategies must be integrated into all stages of the value chain, which includes all of the processes spanning product design, procurement, manufacturing and assembly, packaging, logistics, and distribution. While the potential for environmental performance improvement in all five of the companies is evident, all of them demonstrated ‘pockets’ of environmentally‐friendly practices (EFP) in different areas of their respective value chain functions. The propositions and results emerging from the analysis also suggests that reacting to regulations is no longer sufficient. World‐class EFP must anticipate and pre‐empt changing environmental regulations and customer expectations, and proactively prepare products, processes and infrastructure for these changes without sacrificing competitive advantage.
Management initiatives and just‐in‐time manufacturing
Authors: McLachlin Ron 
Published: April 2003

AbstractNumerous benefits have been claimed for firms that implement just‐in‐time (JIT) approaches to manufacturing. While a fair number of Western firms have been successful at such implementations, other firms that could benefit appear to be addressing only a few features rather than the overall philosophy and system. This paper considers whether each of a number of management initiatives is necessary for the implementation of just‐in‐time manufacturing. A case‐based research methodology was used for theory testing at six plants, each which claimed to be implementing just‐in‐time manufacturing. Data were obtained via interviews, questionnaires, direct observation, and collection of documents. Of six management initiatives considered, four were supported as necessary conditions for both JIT flow and JIT quality, as well as for employee involvement. These four are: (1) promotion of employee responsibility, (2) provision of training, (3) promotion of teamwork, and (4) demonstration of visible commitment. The other two management initiatives were rejected as necessary conditions. These are: (1) provision of workforce security, and (2) use of group performance measures. The results also indicated that employee involvement plays a central role in JIT implementation.
Developing measures of time‐based manufacturing
Authors: Koufteros Xenophon A. , Vonderembse Mark A. , Doll William J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCase and industry studies have increased our understanding of time‐base manufacturing and focused our attention on its key component practices. Despite important contributions by Blackburn (1991) and Stalk and Hout (1990), we lack a clear definition of time‐based manufacturing and its relationship to Just‐in‐time (JIT). This study proposes a framework for research on time‐based manufacturing, reports on the development of a set of seven instruments for measuring the key practices, and tests relationships among these practices. The instruments are valid, reliable, and generalizable across industries and firm size. Tests of the structural model confirm Monden's (1983) notion that shop‐floor employee involvement leads to improved manufacturing practices which, in turn, lead to pull production.
Healing ligaments have decreased cyclic modulus compared to normal ligaments and immobilization further compromises healing ligament response to cyclic loading
Authors: Thornton G. M. , Shrive N. G. , Frank C. B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractLigaments help maintain joint stability by resisting excessive strain during the repetitive loading experienced during daily activity. Healing ligaments may be less able to fulfill this role, straining more under equivalent loading than normal ligaments. We examined the cyclic stress‐strain response of normal and healing ligaments to repetitive low loads (<10% of the normal ligament failure strength). Rabbit medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) were surgically gapped in either a unilateral (right MCL; n = 23) or bilateral (right and left MCLs; n = 17) fashion with immobilization of the right hindlimb in the bilateral group. These MCL scars were allowed to heal for 3, 6, and 14 weeks and were cyclic creep tested at 2.2, 4.1, and 7.1 MPa, respectively. Creep test stresses were a constant 30% of the failure strength of non‐immobilized scars at the different healing intervals. Normal MCLs were creep tested at 4.1 and 7.1 MPa (n = 13). The cyclic modulus of the non‐immobilized scars was less than that of normal ligaments. The percent increase in modulus during cycling was greater for scars than for normal ligaments, likely related to increased viscous dissipation or material inferiorities in scars. Furthermore, immobilization significantly decreased the ability of scars to resist strain, with a majority of immobilized scars failing during repetitive loading. Such failures were preceded by a reduction in cyclic modulus indicating damage to the healing ligaments that was predictive of eventual total failure. The implications of this study are that joints with healing ligaments may have increased strain in joint structures while they are under stress, potentially leading to joint instability. Although immobilization could be used temporarily to maintain joint stability, remobilization would likely lead to total failure of the healing ligament. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.