bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Semantics Of The Navajo Verb Base
Authors: Smith Carlota S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Navajo verb poses problems for semantic analysis that do not arise with simpler verb forms. The verb base of Navajo contains several types of morpheme: there are verb roots expressed in different stems sets, classifiers, the matic prefixes, and derivational prefixes. It is difficult to identify the roles played by each morpheme, because there are many interacting factors. Semantic analyses of the Navajo verb have tended to treat morphemes of the same morphological and positional classes as similar; but they are not necessarily the same semantically.
The Function and Signification of Certain Navaho Particles
Authors: Young Robert W , Morgan William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Article 6 of the Navajo Treaty of 1868 committed the federal ernment to provide educational facilities for “every thirty children between ages of six and sixteen) who could be induced or compelled to attend sd interest on the part of tribal members was understandably low at the time funds were lacking. As a result, nearly a century passed before school oppo1 ties became universally available to the tribe.
Psychosocial Change at Puberty and Beyond: Understanding Adolescent Sexuality and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Graber Julia A , Archibald Andrea Bastiani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Development of a sexual identity, or formation of an identity that includes seeing oneself as a sexual being, is the process of engaging in sexual behaviors, forming attitudes about sexual experiences and sexuality, and navigating the social, emotional, and physical challenges of sexual behavior (Graber, Brooks-Gunn, & Galen, 1998). For most youths, much of this developmental work occurs over the course of the adolescent decade. Hence, the study of adolescent sexuality has typically been embedded in the context of the biological and psychosocial changes accompanying the transition to and through adolescence (Brooks-Gunn & Furstenberg, 1989; Brooks-Gunn & Paikoff, 1997; Paikoff & Brooks-Gunn, 1994). These investigations of adolescent sexuality have generally focused on the development and experiences of heterosexual youths. Lacking in this literature is thorough consideration of the emerging sexuality of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths (see D’ Augelli, 1998; Graber & Brooks-Gunn, 1995; Savin-Williams 1995; for some exceptions). In order to better understand the developing sexuality of these youths, it is important also to contemplate their sexual development within the larger context of the transition to adolescence. In this way, researchers and practitioners alike will begin to acknowledge those processes that are similar for all adolescents regardless of eventual sexual orientation. As well, identification of the potentially unique experiences and/ or challenges for lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents will aid in the creation of developmentally appropriate intervention services for these youths and their families.
“Joe Oliver Is Still King” (1950)
Authors: Armstrong Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Armstrong never tired of recounting his debt to Joe Oliver. In this article, abridged from The Record Changer, he makes the case succinctly. Some biographers have suggested that this debt was more personal than musical, that Oliver provided a fatherly presence otherwise lacking during Armstrong’s teenage years. In his recordings from the 1920s, Oliver’s range is narrow, in contrast to Armstrong’s exploitation of a wide range, and Oliver specialized in the use of plungers and mutes to achieve vocal effects on his cornet techniques that hardly interested Armstrong. But Armstrong makes clear that Oliver was his main musical mentor. He explains that in even the first recordings from 1923, Oliver was much weaker than he had been in New Orleans, where he was an exciting high-note player. Armstrong’s main musical debt to Oliver must have been in details of improvisational style, especially in up-tempo “ragtime.” “[Bunk] didn’t have the get-up-and-go that Oliver did; he didn’t create a phrase that stays with you.” These attributes that Armstrong credits to Oliver would also sum up Armstrong’s own special stylistic qualities. Most of all, Armstrong admires Oliver’s inventiveness, in which he would surpass not only his mentor but all other players from the 1920s.
“Lombardo Grooves Louis!” (1949)
Authors: Armstrong Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Metronome’s introductory paragraph for this story explains, Armstrong was given a “blindfold test” by Leonard Feather, in which he was asked to identify and comment on six unnamed recordings. A similar article was published one month later. Predictably, for 1949, the test was set up to give Armstrong an opportunity to voice contempt for Bebop. The following month Armstrong critiqued Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, and Lennie Tris tano, quipping: “this is all right according to the current trend, but not for no jazz fan.” Armstrong’s management vigorously promoted the Bebop-Armstrong controversy as a media event (see Appendix).
“Our Neighborhood” (ca. 1970)
Authors: Armstrong Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the last years of his life, Armstrong loved to write at his house in Corona, New York. Phoebe Jacobs (quoted in Balliett 1994: 75), a friend who visited him often, observed how important his hobby was to him: “His real therapy was writing. He’d say to me, ‘You lick the envelopes and the stamps, I’ll do the writing.’ “ In this document, Armstrong describes domestic life with Lucille, his neighbors, their favorite Chinese restaurant, and their dogs, Trumpet and Trinket. His warm feelings for the Corona community are clearly stated, even while he acknowledges the difficulty of finishing his Chinese dinner.
Promoting a Sense of Control Over Memory Aging
Authors: Lachman Margie E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to present a rationale and framework for targeting beliefs about self-efficacy and control in memory improvement and rehabilitation pro grams. Negative beliefs about memory aging are widespread, and they are related to memory performance as well as to level of motivation for participating in memory training and rehabilitation programs. A conceptual model for guiding multifaceted interventions is presented. Evidence that self-defeating beliefs can be successfully modified through cognitive behavioral interventions programs is reviewed. Strategies are recommended for enhancing memory self-efficacy and control beliefs among older adults.
Agreement Asymmetries in DPs
Authors: Benmamoun Elabbas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us turn to another construction that seems to display properties that are strikingly similar to the VSO pattern in Standard Arabic. This construction is the so-called Construct State (CS). Among the phrasal categories in Semitic (Arabic and Hebrew), genitive NPs in the CS (la), as opposed to non-CS NPs (lb), display the phonological and syntactic properties in (3).
Growth of New Connections and Adult Reorganizational Plasticity in the Somatosensory System
Authors: Ergenzinger Edward R , Pons Tim P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past 15 years, the capacity of adult sensory systems to reorganize in response to injury has been unequivocally demonstrated (Pons et al., 1991; see Kaas, 1991, 1995 for reviews). Studies of the plasticity of sensory maps in the central nervous system have shown that adult sensory systems are dynamic and mutable, a discovery that has altered the static and hardwired view of the adult brain held by a generation of neuroscientists. That view was not unfounded and in fact was suggested by the classic demonstration of a critical period for plasticity early in visual development (Hubel & Wiesel, 1970). The realization that adult sensory systems retain a remarkable capacity for change, however, has raised the exciting possibility that research into the mechanisms underlying this plasticity may provide neuro-scientists with tools to enhance the limited behavioral and perceptual recovery that can occur following damage to central representations or their afferent inputs.
Religion Reconsidered: Black Protest and Electoral Activism in an Age of Transformation
Authors: Harris Fredrick C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It seems unlikely that anyone at Carol Moseley Braun’s breakfast considered religion an opiate, likely to soothe its partakers into an apathetic slumber, incapacitating them for politics. In the 1960s, however, many activists and scholars were arguing just that. In 1963, a peak year of protest activism in the South and the same year that Malcolm X blasted “those religious Uncle Toms,” sociologist Nathan Hare criticized black ministers for having “naively or selfishly played up poetic dictums rationalizing the Negro’s lot and soothing his psychological injuries, such as: it is better to give than receive and the meek shall one day inherit the earth-apparently by simply remaining meek and doing nothing to warrant the prize” (1963, 12).1
Rock in a Weary Land: Religious Institutions and African-American Political Activism
Authors: Harris Fredrick C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During themodern civil rights movement, religious institutions provided critical organizational resources for protest mobilization (McAdam 1982; Morris 1984). As Aldon Morris’s extensive study of the southern civil rights movement noted, the black church served as the organizational hub of black life, providing the resources that-along with other indigenous groups and institutions-fostered collective protest against a system of white domination in the South (1984).
In My Father’s House: Religion and Gender in African-American Political Life
Authors: Harris Fredrick C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The general run of church women do not challenge or resent male domination in the pulpit. They accept their place in a church pattern where the shepherds of the sheep are men. A lot of our brothers don’t mind women cleaning up in front of the pulpit, cleaning up the pulpit, but don’t believe you can stand in the pulpit. If God can use Balaam’s jackass to preach His word, can use a man to preach His word, God can use a woman to preach His word.
Catharine Beecher (1800-1878)
Authors: Sklar Kathryn Kish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Catharine Esther Beecher was born September 6, 1800, in East Hampton, Long Island, New York, the eldest of the eight children of Lyman and Roxanna Foote Beecher. Her father, a Congregational preacher, was a leader of the Second Great Awakening, the resurgence of religious revivals in the nineteenth century. Briefly attending Sarah Pierce’s school in Litchfield, Connecticut, Beecher began teaching in New London in 1821.
Mary Todd Lincoln (1818-1882)
Authors: Baker Jean H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Born into the household of a wealthy Kentucky slaveholder in 1818, Mary Todd received an unusually good education for a woman of her day. In 1839 she went to live with her sister in Springfield, Illinois. There, Mary Todd entered the social circle that included the brightest young men in Illinois politics, and attracted the attention of one of them, Abraham Lincoln, a local lawyer.
Charlette Forten(1837-1914)
Authors: Stevenson Brenda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Born in 1837 into a prominent free black family in Philadelphia, Charlotte Porten lost her mother when she was three. After her father’s remarriage, Porten spent much of her childhood under the guidance of relatives living in the Porten household, who encouraged the young girl in her studies, and influenced her with the abolitionist and other reform ideals.
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Authors: Barker-Benfield G J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
fane Addams, born in 1860, was the founder of Hull House in 1889. This was one of the earliest of American “settlements,” community houses established in poor urban neighborhoods to stimulate social reform. Addams publicized the goals and achievements of settlements in hundreds of lectures around the country, which she used as the basis of a dozen books published between 1902 and 1930.
Defining the New Media
Authors: Davis Richard , Owen Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Periodically, the mass media system in the United States experiences significant transformations that signal a new stage in its evolution. New communication forms emerge in the political media realm, sparking elite interest and stimulating public curiosity. These emergent media work, often through trial and error, to establish their place in the political communication hierarchy. At times, a struggle ensues between the old and new forms. Ultimately, each adapts to the other’s presence, and the new communication forms are absorbed into the media mainstream.
Shaping Presidential Campaigns
Authors: Davis Richard , Owen Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In presidential electoral politics, strategies that are novel and innovative in one campaign quickly become part of the established campaign tactical arsenal. During Campaign ‘96, the presidential candidates pursued the new media routes that were forged in 1992, such asap pearing on interview programs and participating in electronic town meetings. In addition, candidates stepped up their use of the Internet in the election, a political technological innovation that was nascent in the previous contest. In fact, candidates who did not make use of available new media outlets in 1996 faced criticism that was unheard of in 1988. Bob Dole, who actually made widespread use of new me dia tactics, was chided by Republican leaders and talk show hosts for not making enough use of the talk radio airwaves in his quest for the White House, a situation he quickly remedied.
Introduction
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s reputation has never been as unshakeable as it is today. Modern editions of his writings—leters, journals, notebooks, and published works—comprise nearly fifty volumes, with even more in preparation. In the last decade alone, nearly one thousand articles and books have been published discussing his life, ideas, and writings. He has been seen as beginning a line in American poetry that runs from him to Walt Whitman to Allen Ginsberg; his educational ideas were an important influence on Charles W Eliot when he was president of Harvard; and he is viewed as the progenitor of a line of pragmatism in American intellectual life that was filtered through William James. In his own life he was a minister, a lecturer, a professional author, an agent for other authors (including Thomas Carlyle, Margaret Fuller, and Henry David Thoreau), and a traveler through America and Europe; modern studies of all these occupations mention Emerson as a serious and often important practioner of them. Every major critical trend in American literary study since 1900 has dealt with Emerson in some fashion. He is here to stay-and the bicentennial celebration in 2003 of his birth will undoubtedly set off another round of reevaluations of this seminal figure in American literature and thought.
Hemingway’s Gender Training
Authors: Barlowe Jamie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From 1899, the year that Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, until 1961, when he died by his own hand, public discussions of gender issues were as commonplace as they are now in the last years of the twentieth century. Anachronistically, many scholars and critics have read and interpreted the past as without gender conflict, thus homogenizing, even silencing, the contentious debates of the mid-to late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and replacing actual conditions with a nostalgic picture of the past. Other scholars have offered a portrait of the past in which women did not assume the right to contest social norms, thus diminishing not only the nature and extent of the public conflict, but also the history of all the women who, like Hemingway’s grandmother, mother, third wife, and two of his mothers-in-law, were vocal and active. In such a sanitized version of the past, then, particular individuals who challenged or resisted the gendered social norms have been ignored, renamed as emasculators, or recategorized as exceptions to general rules—and blamed—rather than seen as part of the complexly structured social conditions.
Issues in Developing Effective Interventions
Authors: Landry Susan h. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with the development of effective interventions for children with developmental disorders that are associated with central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. The disorders emphasized include pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), such as autism, PDD-not otherwise specified (NOS), and As perger syndrome. Intervention issues in communication and nonverbal learning disorders associated with specific brain abnormalities and acquired insults, including focal brain lesions and cerebellum and midbrain dysmorphologies such as spina bifida, are also discussed. The nature of learning problems associated with these developmental disorders is described in the first section. Because these dis orders are the focus of other chapters, learning problems are only briefly described in an attempt to highlight the areas of development that need to be addressed in interventions for children with these developmental disorders. Next, the importance of recent findings in basic science research in guiding the development of intervention models for developmental disorders is discussed. In addition to findings from developmental neurobiology, the chapter highlights the importance of inter ventions incorporating the powerful influence of caregivers as revealed by the literature on the development of normal children.
Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Listening Training and Language Abilities
Authors: Merzenich Michael m. , saunders gabrielle , Jenkins william m. , miller steven , peterson, bret , tallal paula 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By definition, children diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD, autistic[PDD-A]; pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified[PDD-NOS]) have severe language impairments. Some scientists have argued that their especially severe early receptive language difficulties, resulting in the pre dominance of a thinking-in-pictures rather than a thinking-in-words cognition, are at the core of their complex panoply ofneurobehavioraldeficits (e.g., Rutter, 1974; Tager-Flusberg, 1993, 1996). Others have argued that language difficulties are one of many parallel and substantially independent deficits or “principal factors” that can have widely variable expressions in this population (e.g., Siegel et al., 1989; Eaves et al., 1994; Sevin et al., 1995; Hameury et al., 1995; Waterhouse et al., 1996a,b; Rapin, 1997).
L.S. Senghor and Negritude
Authors: Soyinka Wole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Léopold Sédar Senghor, scholar, statesman, politician, and poet extraordinaire, was ninety in September 1996. Some insist he was actually ninety-three, but records at that time make Senghor’s age rather speculative. Under the auspices of UNESCO, along with the French and Senegalese governments, a truly impressive array of scholars, politicians, artists, and friends were brought together in Paris to pay him tribute. I was privileged to participate in this event, which could not help but be both a celebration and reassessment of the life and achievements of this controversial scholar and poet, as well as a retrospective of his times. It was an occasion that lent itself to a convenient dichotomy that governed the themes of the two main sessions: Senghor the politician, and Senghor the poet and scholar. Of course, the complex territories traversed by the numerous papers indicated quite early that these divisions were merely convenient categories. Even the celebrant’s own contribution to the proceedings suggested that there was yet another facet of his complex personality that deserved some attention. I identify it as: Senghor the priest and evangelist.
Negritude and the Gods of Equity
Authors: Soyinka Wole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The continent of Africa in itself has remained a contentious object of contemplation and reference for black Americans and West Indians since the nineteen-twenties. “What is Africa to me?” was a question that inspired more than mere poetry and rhetoric—it informed, in one way or another, the socio-political existence of many. The paradox in several opposing attitudes—when we look at the polemics that ushered in the age of Negritude from the late twenties, in France especially—is that, without awareness of the fact, the rebels against the assimilationist tendency—Réne Meril, Etienne Lero, Léon Damas, etc.—were actually within the same camp as those identified objects of their contempt, the champions of assimilation such as the poet Gilbert-Gratiant, whose “This is my climate.…the atmosphere of France” reads like an unconscious parody of Mark Anthony’s “This is my space.” This ironic link was that neither side, coming from totally incompatible ideological preferences, actually recognized in themselves subjects caught within the colonial vice. The French assimiles adopted the identity of France without qualification, indeed with pride and protectiveness; the “rejectionists,” to whom the former were simply despicable lackeys and would-be black Frenchmen, were equally content to remain within the French national identity, never questioning its validity or potent contradiction to their mission of race retrieval. This blind spot in the latter group is easily explained. They were trapped within the raging ideology of the day, Marxism, a universalism that united the oppressed everywhere, without reference to color, race, or nationality.
No Moralizing Ideal Politics
Authors: Küng Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1917/I8 the United States of America first made an appearance on the European continent (with two million soldiers!) by entering the war against Germany, and prepared the end of the ‘European concert’ of the great powers. At the same time, with the collapse of the German Reich, the Habsburg empire and the Tsar’s empire, along with the Ottoman empire and the Chinese empire, this was an abundantly clear symptom of an epoch-making global upheaval that was to replace the Eurocentrism which had held since the beginning of modernity with a polycentrism which, as many people are only now realizing, will hold for postmodernity. Time, too, for a new politics! In fact already at that time the unprecedented catastrophe for human-kind represented by 1914-1918 had prompted the call for a new paradigm of politics. At least the beginnings of a new orientation had become visible.
A Global Ethic as a Foundation for Global Society
Authors: Küng Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An ethical consensus—an agreement on particular values, criteria, attitudes—as a basis for the world society that is coming into being: is that not a great, beautiful illusion? In view of the differences which have always existed between nations, cultures and religions; in view of the current tendencies and trends towards cultural, linguistic and religious self-assertion; in view even of the widespread cultural nationalism, linguistic chauvinism and religious fundamentalism, is it possible to envisage any ethical consensus at all, let alone in global dimensions? However, one can also argue in the opposite direction: precisely in view of this oppressive situation, a basic ethical consensus is necessary.