bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bracing on lung function in idiopathic juvenile kyphosis
Authors: Priftis Kostas N. , Hager John , Vlachou Maria , Anthracopoulos Michael B. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAlthough considerable information is available on the effects of bracing on lung function in kyphoscoliosis, there is a paucity of data on idiopathic juvenile kyphosis (IJK). The present study was designed to investigate the immediate effect of bracing on lung function in children and adolescents with mild‐to‐moderate IJK. Spirometry, measurement of lung volumes, and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) were performed in 24 patients, 9–17 years of age, who were treated with a corrective brace for mild‐to‐moderate IJK (Cobb angle, 46–75°). Children were studied when braced and unbraced.When children were unbraced, mean percent predicted values (±standard deviation) for total lung capacity (TLC), vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) were 100.0% (±13.0%), 92.7% (±14.2%), 108.2% (±20.4%), and 95.0% (±16.3%), respectively. With the brace on, significant reductions occurred in all lung function measurements: TLC decreased by 9.5% (P < 0.001), VC by 9.3% (P = 0.001), FRC by 14.2% (P = 0.005), and FEV1 by 8.9% (P = 0.009). SaO2 decreased from 96.2% (±1.6%) to 95.2% (±1.4%) (P = 0.027). An inverse relationship was observed between pre‐ and postbracing change in TLC and Cobb angle children (P = 0.021).Our findings indicate that corrective bracing in mild‐to‐moderate IJK results in mild lung restriction and a clinically insignificant drop in SaO2. The effect of bracing on TLC decreases as the severity of kyphosis increases in these patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:83–86. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term noninvasive mechanical ventilation for children at home: A national survey
Authors: Fauroux B. , Boffa C. , Desguerre I. , Estournet B. , Trang H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractExperience with domiciliary noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in children is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the number of patients and categorize the use of domiciliary NIMV in children in France.An anonymous cross‐sectional national study was performed, using a postal questionnaire sent to all specialist centers utilizing domiciliary NIMV for chronic respiratory failure. Patients aged <18 years and receiving home NIMV were included in the study.Detailed information was obtained from 102 patients from 15 centers: 4/15 centers cared for 84% of patients; 7% of patients were under 3 years old; 35% were between 4–11 years old; and 58% were older than 12 years. Underlying diagnoses included neuromuscular disease (34%), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or cranio‐facial abnormalities (30%), cystic fibrosis (17%), congenital hypoventilation (9%), scoliosis (8%), and other disorders (2%). NIMV was started because of nocturnal hypoventilation (67%), acute exacerbation (28%), and/or failure to thrive (21%). Volume‐targeted ventilation was preferred in restrictive disorders (56%) and central hypoventilation (56%), while pressure support ventilation (PSV) was preferred in cystic fibrosis (71%). Patients with OSA and/or cranio‐facial abnormalities were ventilated with continuous positive airway pressure (45%) or bilevel PSV (52%).In conclusion, NIMV is currently used in France for the domiciliary management of children with a variety of conditions causing chronic respiratory failure. However, NIMV in children is still performed on a small scale, and combined with the heterogeneity of the patient population, its application would best be served by centers specializing in the initiation and long‐term follow‐up of these patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 35:119–125. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic investigation of the adrenergic induction of ventral prostate hyperplasia in mice
Authors: Marinese Dorene , Patel Rupa , Walden Paul D. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe norepinephrine (NE) analog phenylephrine has previously been shown to induce atypical prostate hyperplasia in rats. The objective of the present study was to provide further insight into the mechanism of phenylephrine‐induced prostate growth.MethodsAdult male C57/BL6 mice were given daily subcutaneous injection of phenylephrine, isoproterenol, or phenylephrine in combination with BMY7378, cyclazosin, RS100329, or yohimbine, and the effects on ventral prostate histology, and proliferative and apoptotic indices determined. Phenylephrine was also administered in combination with testosterone in castrated mice.ResultsAtypical prostatic hyperplasia characterized by piling up and/or papillary infolding of epithelial cells with concomitant stromal smooth muscle hyperplasia was seen in adult mice given subcutaneous injection of phenylephrine daily for 26 days. Phenylephrine induced hyperplasia was more severe proximally and was associated with significantly reduced rates of apoptosis (but no change in cell proliferation) in both stromal and epithelial compartments. Only the α1A‐adrenoceptor selective subtype antagonist RS100329 abrogated the phenylephrine‐induced hyperplasia. Using selective antibodies, the α1A−1‐adrenoceptor subtype was predominantly localized to the stromal compartments of the mouse and rat ventral prostates. The effects of phenylephrine were mediated independent of testicular androgens.ConclusionsProstatic hyperplasia in mice occurs as a consequence of subchronic administration of the sympathomimetic phenylephrine. Response to phenylephrine is mediated by the α1A‐adrenoceptor, which predominates in the stroma of the rodent ventral prostate. Conceivably, therefore, phenylephrine could directly modulate prostate stromal growth, and indirectly modulate epithelial growth in a paracrine fashion. We cannot, however, rule out the contribution of other indirect effects such as hypoxia/reperfusion or effects on intermediary metabolism. Prostate 54: 230–237, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of bufalin and cinobufagin on the proliferation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yeh Jiun‐Yih , Huang William J. , Kan Shu‐Fen , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundCardiac glycosides may induce oncolytic effects in cancers. This study was to evaluate bufalin and cinobufagin effects on the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines named LNCaP, DU145, and PC3.MethodsCell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The cytotoxic effects were determined by lactate dehydrogenase measurements. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured by a dual‐wavelength spectrometer system. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were performed to measure percentage of apoptotic cells. A colorimetric assay was to measure caspases activities.ResultsBufalin and cinobufagin inhibited proliferation of cancer cells at doses of 0.1, 1, or 10 μM after 2–4 days of culture. Cytotoxicity of bufalin and cinobufagin on the DU145 and LNCaP cells was dose‐dependent. Bufalin or cinobufagin increased [Ca2+]i and apoptosis in cancer cells after a 24‐hr culture as well as caspase 3 activities in DU145 and PC3 cells and caspase 9 activities in LNCaP cells.ConclusionsBufalin and cinobufagin may inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines associated with sustained elevation of the [Ca2+]i and that of apoptosis. Prostate 54: 112–124, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TERE1, a novel gene affecting growth regulation in prostate carcinoma
Authors: McGarvey Terence W. , Nguyen Trang , Puthiyaveettil Raghunath , Tomaszewski John E. , Malkowicz S. Bruce 
Published: January 2003

AbstractRecently, we isolated a ubiquitously expressed gene designated TERE1, which has a significant effect on the growth regulation in bladder cancer. The TERE1 gene maps to chromosome 1p36.11‐1p36.33 between the micro‐satellite markers D1S2667 and D1S434, a chromosome locus that has been identified by loss of heterozygosity studies as a site of a putative tumor suppressor gene or genes for multiple tumor types including prostate carcinoma. The expression of the TERE1 transcript and protein was examined in a series of thirty microdissected prostate tumors by semi‐quantitative RT/PCR and immunohistochemistry. There was a significant 61% decrease in the TERE1 transcript in prostate carcinoma (CaP) and a distinct loss of the TERE1 protein in metstatic prostate. Though a loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p36 was found in 25% of these prostate tumors, there appeared to be no TERE1 mutations present in these tumor samples. Induced TERE1 expression after transduction or transfection of TERE1 constructs into two prostate carcinoma (LNCaP and PC‐3) cell lines significantly decreased proliferation up to 80% with a significant increase in the number of cells in G1. Serum factors but not DHT (dihydrotestosterone) appear to regulate the amount of TERE1 protein in the androgen responsive LNCaP cell line. Additionally, we have identified by microarray analysis various growth regulatory genes that are down‐regulated or up‐regulated in TERE1‐transduced PC‐3 cells. Altogether, these data suggest that TERE1 maybe significant in prostate cancer growth regulation and the down regulation or absence of TERE1 may be an important component of the phenotype of advanced disease. Prostate 54: 144–155, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3/prostate‐specific antigen ratio is a useful predictive marker in patients with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki , Hayashi Tomayoshi , Kanetake Hiroshi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) play an important role in regulation of prostate cancer cell growth. We studied the prognostic significance of serum IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐3 levels, and IGF‐1/prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and IGFBP‐3/PSA ratios in patients with prostate cancer.METHODSSerum levels of IGF‐1, IGFBP‐3, and PSA were determined in 112 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Serum samples from 32 patients with histologically confined benign prostatatic hyperplasia (BPH) served as control.RESULTSSerum IGF‐1 levels were significantly higher in advanced prostate cancer (n = 84) than in BPH patients (P < 0.01). IGFBP‐3 levels were significantly lower in patients with advanced prostate cancer than in localized tumor (n = 28) or BPH (P < 0.05, each). Univariate analysis showed that serum PSA, IGF‐1/PSA ratio, IGFBP‐3/PSA ratio, T, N and M classifications correlated significantly with relapse‐free survival of advanced prostate cancer patients treated with hormonal therapy. Multivariate analysis identified IGFBP‐3/PSA ratio as the only significant variable for relapse‐free survival (odds ratio 5.81, 95% CI 1.57–21.51). IGFBP‐3/PSA ratio was also an independent predictor of cause‐specific survival (stepwise analysis, odds ratio 4.86, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSOur results suggested that IGFBP‐3/PSA ratio might be a useful prognostic marker of advanced prostate cancer. Prostate 54: 125–132, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using splines to detect changes in PSA doubling times
Authors: Guess Brad , Jennrich Robert , Johnson Henry , Redheffer Ray , Scholz Mark 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPSA doubling time (PSADT) can predict the likelihood of clinical progression in patients with biochemical relapse after surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Changes in PSA doubling time in response to therapy may be of clinical or investigational significance. How does one estimate PSADT before and after the initiation of therapy and determine if any change is statistically significant or simply the result of random variation? These are the type of questions addressed.METHODSOur technique uses a best‐fitting spline (i.e., a broken‐line approximation) to a graph of log PSA on time to estimate PSADTs before and after treatment initiation. A linear regression program is used to produce the fit and to evaluate the statistical significance of any change in PSADT. This method differs from previous methods in that it uses all the data, exploits the continuity of PSA at the time of treatment initiation, and allows one to make statistical significance statements about specific individuals.RESULTSOur technique is illustrated with data from a pilot clinical trial using a nutritional supplement in 12 men with prostate cancer. A detailed analysis of the first patient shows how the data are handled, how two lines of computer code are sufficient to fit the spline model, and how the doubling times and statistical significance of a change are read from the computer output. In the study, 9 of 12 patients had a statistically significant increase in doubling time. Because the study is preliminary and used only to illustrate our method, no medical discussion of the study is included. The last section of the study, in part expository, is devoted to explaining the underlying principles for those who may want to know not only what to do, but why it works.CONCLUSIONSThe method presented here for determining changes in PSADT is both simple and broadly applicable. It allows the evaluation of the size and statistical significance of an observed change or increase in PSADT in response to therapy for prostate cancer. It can be done using essentially any statistical software and widely accepted statistical methods. Prostate 54: 88–94, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 9 as biomarker of prostate cancer progression in Dunning (Copenhagen) rats
Authors: Jung Klaus , Krell Hans‐Willi , Ortel Bernhard , Hasan Tayyaba , Römer Andreas , Schnorr Dietmar , Loening Stefan A. , Lein Michael 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells. The objective of this study was to assess MMPs in plasma of Dunning tumor rats as indicators of the progression of prostate cancer and follow‐up parameters after treatment.MethodsProstate cancer was induced in male Copenhagen rats by either subcutaneous or orthotopic implantation of R3327‐MatLyLu cells. During the development of the tumor, plasma MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 were measured by gelatin‐substrate zymography and Western blot technique with densitometry in untreated animals, rats treated with laser‐induced hyperthermia, or with the new synthetic MMP inhibitor RO 28‐2653.ResultsNormal prostatic tissue of the Copenhagen rats predominantly expressed proMMP‐2 but not proMMP‐9 whereas MMP‐9 was only found in cancerous tissue. Elevated plasma MMP‐9 values were demonstrated in rats with subcutaneous or orthotopic tumors. Animals with tumors and treated with the MMP inhibitor RO 28‐2653 had both a lower tumor volume and a lower plasma MMP‐9 concentration compared with controls.ConclusionsThe determination of plasma MMP‐9 in Dunning tumor rats is a useful tool to monitor the progression of prostate cancer and to assess the efficacy of drugs like MMP inhibitors or other treatment protocols. Prostate 54: 206–211, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of clinical trials using an adaptive test statistic
Authors: Lawrence John 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSince the treatment effect of an experimental drug is generally not known at the onset of a clinical trial, it may be wise to allow for an adjustment in the sample size after an interim analysis of the unblinded data. Using a particular adaptive test statistic, a procedure is demonstrated for finding the optimal design. Both the timing of the interim analysis and the way the sample size is adjusted can influence the power of the resulting procedure. It is possible to have smaller average sample size using the adaptive test statistic, even if the initial estimate of the treatment effect is wrong, compared to the sample size needed using a standard test statistic without an interim look and assuming a correct initial estimate of the effect. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Sequential procedure for studies comparing multiple doses
Authors: Denne Jon , Koch Gary 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAn attractive method of dealing with the multiplicity inherent in studies comparing multiple doses is to use a testing strategy in which hypotheses (or sets of hypotheses) are tested in a prespecified order, with rejection at each step a necessary condition for continuation to the next step. Such a strategy naturally lends itself to interim monitoring. We demonstrate how this may be achieved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two approaches to fractional supersymmetrical quantum mechanics
Authors: Daoud M. , Kibler M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTwo complementary approaches of 𝒩 = 2 fractional supersymmetrical quantum mechanics of order k are studied in this article. The first, based on a generalized Weyl–Heisenberg algebra Wk (which comprises the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl2) with qk = 1 as a special case), apparently contains solely one bosonic degree of freedom. The second uses generalized bosonic and k‐fermionic degrees of freedom. As an illustration, a particular emphasis is put on the fractional supersymmetrical oscillator of order k. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Numerical determination of complex resonance energies by using a superposition of δ‐potentials
Authors: Kapshai Valery , Alferova Tatjana , Elander Nils 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA method using a superposition of a finite but varied number of δ‐potentials has been applied to treat the integral Schrödinger equation with three different potentials. Positions of scattering resonances are numerically determined as complex poles of the partial‐wave S‐matrix. The method, in principle, makes it possible to obtain several resonances for short‐range potentials like a square well (or barrier). The numerical method is elaborated to treat integral equations and is applicable to solve problems for which no differential equations can be derived. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Algebraic expressions of Clebsch–Gordon coefficients for the group chain O† ⊃ C
Authors: Fan Peng‐Dong 
Published: January 2003

AbstractUsing the algebraic expressions of the projection operators for the group chain O ⊃ C, concise algebraic expressions of the Clebsch–Gordon (CG) coefficients are derived in the group chain O ⊃ C for both single‐valued and double‐valued representations. The simplicity of the expressions is that they are merely functions of the quantum numbers of the group chain O ⊃ C. The symmetry of the CG coefficients is also derived. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Mott–Wannier excitons in the tetragonal BaTiO3 lattice
Authors: Prócel Luis Miguel , Tipán Francisco , Stashans Arvids 
Published: January 2003

AbstractStructural and electronic properties of excitons in the tetragonal BaTiO3 crystal is studied using a quantum chemical method developed for crystals. The obtained defect structure corresponds to the so‐called Mott–Wannier‐type exciton having a considerable distance between the hole and electronic parts of the defect. Performed crystalline lattice relaxation shows displacements of atoms in an extensive defective region of up to 12 atoms. However, the calculated magnitudes of atomic movements are not large, normally not exceeding 0.08 Å. It is also observed that the self‐trapped exciton polarizes the lattice around it. Using the so‐called ΔSCF method, the luminescence energy due to the exciton is found to be equal to 0.94 eV. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Applications of density functional theory methods in millimeter‐wave spectroscopy
Authors: Rissi Eduardo , Rivelino Roberto , Canuto Sylvio 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT), using the most common functionals, and ab initio quantum chemistry methods are used to calculate the rotational constants and dipole moments of the astrophysically important molecules HCN, CH3CN, CH3CNH+, HCCCN, and HCCNC. As far as millimeter‐wave spectroscopy is of interest the DFT methods performed well with most functionals, giving results within ±1% of experiments for rotational constants and ±3% for dipole moments. Analyzing the results obtained with all theoretical models, it may be concluded that the Becke's three‐parameter exchange functional and the gradient‐corrected functional of Lee, Yang, and Paar (B3LYP) and Becke's three‐parameter functional with Perdew–Wang correlational functional [B3PW91/6‐31G(d, p)] give the best performances. A detailed analysis of the electron correlation effects shows that HCCCN is more stable than is HCCNC, by 1.16 eV, with important contribution arising from triple excitations. This result is also compared with those obtained with DFT methods. Despite occasional difficulties, DFT with the currently available functionals are of great utility in quickly assessing spectroscopic parameters of astrophysical interest. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Valence bond descriptions of benzene and cyclobutadiene and their counterparts with localized bonds
Authors: Dijkstra Fokke , Van Lenthe Joop H. , Havenith Remco W. A. , Jenneskens Leonardus W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractGeometry optimizations have been performed for benzene and cyclobutadiene and for the corresponding moieties with nonresonating double bonds, viz. 1,3,5‐cyclohexatriene and 1,3‐cyclobutadiene. The calculations were done using the valence bond self‐consistent field method including orbital optimization. Both strictly local and delocalized p‐like orbitals were used for the π system, which influences the strengths of the π bonds. The calculations result in geometries and resonance and stabilization energies for benzene and cyclobutadiene, which are compared with theoretical models of aromaticity. The importance of resonance is discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
User‐parameterised generic models: a solution to the conundrum of modelling access for SMEs?
Authors: Winch Graham W. , Arthur Daniel J. W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSystem dynamics (SD) has been shown to be a powerful strategic analysis approach, but it can also be a costly one. If there is an insistence that to have any validity and value, all models have to be constructed largely from scratch, then the time, expertise and costs involved appear, effectively, to preclude their widespread use in small–medium enterprise (SME) applications. This article describes “proof‐of‐concept” trials with a simulator based on a user‐parameterised generic model that could offer affordable and manageable access to SD modelling for SMEs. While not pretending to provide quantitative predictions, the simulator does provide managers with a vehicle to challenge the validity of their mental models as their firm undergoes major change, to gain insights into the future challenges, and maybe enhance their confidence through “pre‐experiencing” future scenarios. The trials concluded that user‐parameterised generic models do have potential value in this kind of usage, and may therefore be the only viable option for many smaller firms to benefit from system dynamics modelling and scenario planning. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.