bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insertions generating the 5′RUNX1/3′CBFA2T1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia cases show variable breakpoints
Authors: Specchia Giorgina , Albano Francesco , Anelli Luisa , Zagaria Antonella , Liso Arcangelo , Starza Roberta La , Mancini Marco , Sebastio Lucia , Giugliano Emilia , Saglio Giuseppe , Liso Vincenzo , Rocchi Mariano 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTranslocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) is a common karyotypic abnormality detected in about 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. The rearrangement results in fusion of the RUNX1 (also known as AML1) and CBFA2T1 (also known as ETO) genes, generating a 5′RUNX1/3′CBFA2T1 transcriptionally active fusion gene on derivative chromosome 8, but some cases with ins(21;8) and ins(8;21) have been observed. However, a detailed breakpoint characterization of the insertion events has never been reported. In the present article, we describe six insertion events among 82 (7.3%) AML cases characterized by the RUNX1/CBFA2T1 fusion. Using FISH experiments with appropriate bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) probes, we were able to perform a detailed molecular cytogenetic characterization of one case with ins(8;21) and five with ins(21;8). Our analysis revealed that insertions generating the 5′RUNX1/3′CBFA2T1 gene showed variable breakpoints; the size of the inserted elements ranged from 2.4 to 44 Mb. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion kinetic study of cadmium(II) biosorption by Aeromonas caviae
Authors: Loukidou Maria X , Karapantsios Thodoris D , Zouboulis Anastasios I , Matis Kostas A 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe removal of cadmium from aqueous solution by sorption on Aeromonas caviae particles was investigated in a well‐stirred batch reactor. Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were performed at various initial bulk concentrations, biomass loads and temperatures. Biosorption equilibrium was established in about 1 h and biosorption was well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich biosorption isotherms. The maximum biosorption capacity was found as 155.32 mg Cd(II) g−1 at 20 °C. The obtained sorption capacity is appreciably high for most experimental conditions; so A caviae may be considered as a suitable biosorbent for the removal of cadmium. Moreover, the sorption rate of cadmium onto A caviae particles was particularly sensitive to initial bulk concentration and solid load. A detailed analysis was conducted, examining several diffusion (external and intraparticle) kinetic models in order to identify a suitable rate expression. The results are discussed and indicate that biosorption of cadmium is a complex process that is described more correctly by more than one model. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Solvent extraction separation of titanium(IV), vanadium(V) and iron(III) from simulated waste chloride liquors of titanium minerals processing industry by the trialkylphosphine oxide Cyanex 923
Authors: Narayanan Remya P , Lakshmipathy Reddy M 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe solvent extraction of magnesium(II), aluminium(III), titanium(IV), vanadium(V), chromium(III), manganese(II) and iron(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions has been investigated using the trialkylphosphine oxide Cyanex 923 (TRPO) in kerosene as extractant. The results demonstrate that titanium(IV), vanadium(V) and iron(III) are extracted into kerosene as TiOCl2·2TRPO, VO2Cl·TRPO and HFeCl4·2TRPO, respectively. On the other hand magnesium(II), aluminium(III), chromium(III) and manganese(II) are not extracted with TRPO from hydrochloric acid solutions (1.0–4.0 mol dm−3) under the experimental conditions. IR spectral studies of the extracted complexes were further used to clarify the nature of the extracted complexes. The effect of the diluent on the extraction of titanium(IV), vanadium(V) and iron(III) has been studied and correlated with the dielectric constant. The loading capacity of the TRPO system has been evaluated and the potential for the separation and recovery of titanium(IV), vanadium(V) and iron(III) from simulated waste chloride liquors of the titanium minerals processing industry has been assessed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Recombination radiation from organic solids
Authors: Kalinowski Jan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe recombination radiation from organic solids, defined as the light emission following the fusion of oppositely charged carriers into an electrically neutral state, is discussed as a phenomenon underlying the function of organic light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Its intensity and spectral range depend on the population and nature of the emissive states, which differ, in general, from those created using light. These differences are pointed out and shown to be a result of the reverse pathways of the mutual transformation of localized molecular excitons and coulombically‐correlated charge‐pair excited states formed either by photoexcitation or electron‐hole recombination. Spectral features of the radiation produced by the recombination of statistically independent charge carriers are discussed in terms of two molecules‐based excited states like excimers or electromers in single‐component materials and exciplexes or electroplexes in multicomponent materials. Consequences for optical and electrical characteristics of organic LEDs are discussed and illustrated by examples. Progress in the fundamental and applied research may be expected based on properties of recombination‐produced electronic excited states.
Charge transfer processes and environmental degrees of freedom: cooperativity and non‐linearity
Authors: Painelli Anna , Terenziani Francesca 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTo investigate supramolecular effects in samples with high concentration of push‐pull chromophores, we propose a model for interacting polar and polarizable molecules. Each molecule is described in terms of the same two‐state picture successfully adopted to model solvated chromophores and electrostatic interactions among different chromophores are introduced. Important supramolecular effects are observed even at the lowest mean‐field level, showing up the possibility of tuning molecular polarity from the neutral to the zwitterionic regime or vice versa. Supramolecular effects in excitation spectra are more complex. Here we demonstrate large supramolecular effects beyond mean‐field in static optical responses.
Spectroscopic studies of charge‐ordering system in organic conductors
Authors: Yakushi K. , Yamamoto K. , Świetlik R. , Wojciechowski R. , Suzuki K. , Kawamoto T. , Mori T. , Misaki Y. , Tanaka K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractCharge localization generates a non‐uniform charge distribution in some organic conductors. Phase transitions accompanying such a localization of charge are studied by using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. We first introduce θ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2MM′(SCN)4 (M=Rb, Cs, Tl; M′=Zn, Co) as typical examples of a charge‐ordering system, where BEDT‐TTF is bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene. We apply the same spectroscopic technique to α′‐(BEDT‐TTF)2IBr2, θ‐(BDT‐TTF)2Cu(NCS)2, and (TTM‐TTP)I3, which show the phase transitions from low‐resistivity to high‐resistivity state, where TTM‐TTP is 2,5‐bis[4,5‐bis(methylsulfonyl)‐1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene]‐1,3,4,6‐tetrathiapentalene.
Electrical and spectral properties of organic salts formed from BEDT‐TTF and magnetic anions
Authors: Graja Andrzej , Łapiński Andrzej , Starodub Vladimir A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSpectral and electrical investigations of the semiconducting (BEDT‐TTF)2W6O19 and the metal‐like (BEDT‐TTF)6(Mo8O26)(DMF)3 salts were performed. The vibrational and electronic spectra of the crystalline samples were analysed and assignment of the vibrational features was proposed. The temperature evolution of the vibrational spectra of the (BEDT‐TTF)2W6O19 salt was discussed.
Carbon papers with conductive polymer coatings for use in solid‐state supercapacitors
Authors: White Andrew , Slade Robert 
Published: May 2004

AbstractConductive polymer‐coated carbon papers have been fabricated through polymerisation of pyrrole‐based monomers oxidised with various heteropolyacids. Smooth surfaces are obtained when multiple coatings are applied to the carbon surface and give good contact with the Nafion® electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrodes and a.c. impedance and charge / discharge cycling was used to study membrane electrode assemblies (MEA). MEAs were fabricated using a hot‐press technique.
Polypyrrole electrodeposition on inorganic semiconductors CuInSe2 and CuInS2 for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Bereznev Sergei , Konovalov Igor , Kois Julia , Mellikov Enn , Öpik Andres 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThin polypyrrole (PPy) layers with an average thickness of about 0.5 μm were deposited, using potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques, on CuInSe2 (CISe) structures prepared electrochemically on glass/ITO substrates and on CuInS2 (CIS) structures fabricated on Cu tape substrates. The polymer layer of p‐type is considered as an alternative to the traditional buffer layer and window layer in the conventional cell structure. The deposition proceeded from an aqueous solution containing sodium naphthalene‐2‐sulfonate as a dopant. In order to prepare stable PPy films of high quality with a good adherence to the surface of inorganic semiconductors CIS and CISe, the optimal concentrations of reagents, current densities and electrodepositing potentials were selected experimentally. Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole to PPy on CIS surfaces is faster under white light irradiation and the polymerisation starts at lower potential than in the dark. Significant photovoltage and photocurrent of the fabricated CISe/PPy and CIS/PPy structures have been observed under standard white light illumination.
Thermally stimulated carrier transport due to stepwise sample heating
Authors: Tomaszewicz Władysław 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe article concerns non‐isothermal dispersive carrier transport in an insulating solid with traps. The approximate solutions of transport equations derived previously are extended to the case of stepwise sample heating. The specific features of thermally stimulated currents (TSCs) can be attributed to non‐linear dependence of the demarcation level on temperature. In particular, the initial TSC rise has a thermally activated character where activation energy equals to the demarcation energy at the end of previous heating cycle. The accuracy of the formulae describing TSCs is verified by Monte Carlo calculations for Gaussian trap distribution.
Current‐voltage characteristics of thin poly(biphenyl‐4‐ylphthalide) films
Authors: Bunakov Andrei , Lachinov Aleksei , Salikhov Renat 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe paper considers the features of the charge transport near to the threshold of the transition of polymer films to the high conductive state, induced by a small uniaxial pressure. The problem has not been solved so far, how the energy structure of a wide‐band‐gap organic dielectric varies near this threshold. The current‐voltage characteristics of poly(biphenyl‐4‐ylphthalide) films at different uniaxial pressures were measured and analyzed. The interpretation of the obtained results is carried out within the framework of the space charge limited conduction model. The estimation of the injection model of transport parameters such as the charge carrier mobility and concentration, trapping state concentration and others are carried out. The analysis of the obtained results allows to make the following preliminary conclusion. Pressure increase promotes formation of a narrow trap band near the quasi‐Fermi level resulting from the increase in the injection. This can give rise to a sharp magnification of the charge carrier mobility and even transition to the metallic state.
Photochromic liquid crystalline structures containing azobenzene moieties
Authors: Studenovský Martin , Sedláková Zdenka , Wang Geng , Nešpůrek Stanislav , Janus Krzysztof , Boiko Olexandr P. , Kajzar Francois 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNovel liquid crystalline photochromic materials of the type 4‐R‐C6H4‐N=N‐C6H4‐O(CH2)n‐N(CH2CH2OH)2, where R is NO2, H, CN, O‐n‐C8H17, phenyl, 4‐O2NC6H4, were prepared. Some of them are photoconductive. These materials were used for the preparation of light‐sensitive polymers in which the photoactive moieties were attached to polyurethane chain. Photochromism of these compounds is based on trans‐cis isomerization of azobenzene group. An example of the photochromic activity is presented on solid solution of one material (R = O‐n‐C8H17, n = 5) in poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix.
Optical and dielectric properties of new azobenzene copolyethers embedded in polymer matrices
Authors: Strat M. , Strat G. , Scutaru V. , Gurlui S. , Grecu I. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA new group of photochromic azobenzene copolyethers was synthesized. Their photochomic and dielectric properties were studied in poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(methyl methacrylate) matrices.
Polarized electroluminescence from bilayer structures
Authors: Wang Geng , Nešpůrek Stanislav , Rakušan Jan , Karásková Marie , Schauer František , Brehmer Ludwig 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe photoalignment ability of poly[methyl(phenyl)silylene] (PMPSi) films makes it possible to use them as hole‐transporting substrates for the preparation of organic oriented films. A PMPSi layer prepared by spin coating was irradiated, after drying, with linearly polarized UV light. Then, water‐soluble hydroxyaluminium phthalocyaninesulfonate [Al(OH)Pc(SO3Na)1−2] was deposited by casting. The cell ITO/PMPSi/Al(OH)Pc(SO3Na)1−2/Al showed non‐linear current‐voltage characteristics. For applied voltages higher than 10 V, polarized electroluminescence was observed. Its spectral characteristic consisted of two peaks with maxima at about 320 and 700 nm; their polarized anisotropies REL= Φ∥ / Φ⟂ were ca. 15 and 0.5, respectively.
Temperature‐ and humidity‐related degradation of conducting polyaniline films
Authors: Tobolková Eva , Prokeš Jan , Křivka Ivo , Trchová Miroslava , Stejskal Jaroslav 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe time dependence of dc conductivity of conducting polyaniline films was measured in relation to temperature and relative humidity of the environment. Optical and structural properties of the samples were checked using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Charge transport in polyaniline doped with 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5(4H)‐one
Authors: Starykov Oleksiy , Prokeš Jan , Křivka Ivo , Stejskal Jaroslav 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) base was protonated in aqueous solutions of an organic acid, 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5(4H)‐one (NTO). The temperature dependence of DC conductivity of PANI‐NTO seems to correspond to the theory of variable range hopping (VRH) in three dimensions. The frequency dependence of AC conductivity also reflects the hopping nature of mobile charges. The activation energy for the polymers with protonation degree above 0.12 remains constant with increasing dopant concentration and DC conductivity. The value of this constant may correspond to the energy needed for the ionization of dopant counterion. The fit of the electric relaxation function to the stretched exponential function ϕ(t) = exp[−(t/τ)β] gives the stretch parameter β about 0.35, which shows that the distribution of relaxation times is broad and indicates a high inhomogeneity in the distribution of a dopant.
Phase transitions in poly(heptane‐1,7‐diyl biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate). SAXS, WAXS and DSC study
Authors: Todorova Ginka , Pérez Ernesto , Marugán Mónica M. , Kresteva Manya 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe main‐chain thermotropic liquid‐crystalline poly(heptane‐1,7‐diyl biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate) (P7MB) was investigated by time‐resolved small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and differential scanning calorimerty (DSC). Nonisothermal crystallisation with different rates of cooling and heating was used. On cooling, two phase transitions are observed, isotropic melt ‐ smectic (I‐Sm) and Sm‐ three‐dimensional crystalline structure (Sm‐Cr), whereas on heating only one transition is observed, Cr‐I transition. The transition enthalpies were calculated. Temperature dependences of d‐spacings of all crystalline peaks and of the peak observed at high values of scattering vector in the SAXS region were derived. The temperature dependence of the degree of crystallinity was established, based on the integrated intensities of the crystalline peaks and amorphous halo in WAXS.
Polydiacetylene nanowires in ultrathin films
Authors: Alloisio Marina , Cavallo Dina , Dell'Erba Carlo , Cuniberti Carla , Dellepiane Giovanna , Giorgetti Emilia , Margheri Giancarlo , Sottini Stefano 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn this paper the results of studies carried out on thin films of new poly[bis(carbazol‐9‐ylmethyl)diacetylene]s (PCDAs) are reported. The preparation of the films has required clever synthesis to make processable the conjugated polymers without degrading their optoelectronic properties. To this end, the parent poly(diacetylene), (polyDCHD), has been modified by introducing long alkyl or acyl chains in the 3 and 6 positions of the carbazole rings. Electronic absorption spectra and linear and nonlinear optical characterization of three types of PCDAs are reported and compared.
Organic electroluminescent devices containing phosphorescent molecules in molecularly doped hole transporting layer
Authors: Stampor Waldemar , Mężyk Jakub , Kalinowski Jan , Cocchi Massimo , Virgili Dalia , Fattori Valeria , Di Marco Piergiulio 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe demonstrate high‐efficient simple electrophosphorescent devices comprised of tris{4‐[N‐(3‐methylphenyl)anilino]phenyl}amine (m‐MTDATA) dispersed in a polycarbonate (PC) matrix as a hole‐transporting layer (HTL), and 2‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD) as an electron‐transporting layer (ETL). The HTL doped with a complex phosphor fac‐tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium, [Ir(ppy)3], and/or 5,6,11,12‐tetraphenyltetracene (rubrene) fluorescent dye is shown to act as an emitter. Devices containing [Ir(ppy)3] as a single HTL dopant show the highest external quantum efficiency (QE) reaching 9 % (photon/electron) due to direct electron‐hole recombination on phosphorescent [Ir(ppy)3]. A decrease in QE of one order of magnitude at high current densities is observed in all devices. Addition of rubrene to [Ir(ppy)3]‐doped devices shifts the maximum QE towards larger current densities.
Modification of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) with 1,3,4‐oxadiazole units for electroluminescent devices
Authors: Aldea Gabriela , Výprachtický Drahomír , Cimrová Věra 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNew copolymers of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) (PSMA) modified with 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole and hexylamine were prepared. The copolymers, characterized by UV‐vis and FT IR spectroscopy, reached 1.22 mol % of the oxadiazole units relative to anhydride groups at the maximum (PSMA‐4). Electric and optical properties of the copolymers were studied. The currents obtained depend strongly on the content of oxadiazole units in the copolymers. Currents measured in PSMA‐4 were more than two orders of magnitude higher than those measured in the copolymers without oxadiazole. Using polymer blends made of poly(9,9‐dihexadecylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl) and PSMA‐4, blue light‐emitting devices were fabricated and their photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra were measured.
Photosensitive layers of TiO2/polythiophene composites prepared by electrodeposition
Authors: Pfleger J. , Pavlík M. , Hebestreit N. , Plieth W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe adopted an electrophoretic deposition method for the preparation of thin layers of insoluble composite nanoparticles composed of TiO2 core and about 2 nm thick shell of polythiophene, prepared by oxidative polymerization of thiophene. The reduced form of TiO2‐polythiophene composite material was deposited on the conductive surface from an ultrasonically generated microdispersion. Varying the dispersion media, applied voltage and the electrode arrangement made it possible to control the quality and morphology of the films. Compact semitransparent films deposited on ITO electrodes, suitable for photoelectrical measurements, were obtained within short deposition times.
Diagnosis and management of pergolide‐induced fibrosis
Authors: Agarwal Pinky , Fahn Stanley , Frucht Steven J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report on 2 patients treated with pergolide, 1 of whom developed pleural fibrosis and the other retroperitoneal fibrosis. In both cases, an extensive diagnostic evaluation and surgical intervention were required to reach a diagnosis. Based on our experience with these patients and a review of cases of pergolide‐induced fibrosis in the English‐language literature, we propose guidelines for the diagnosis and management of this rare complication. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Solid‐state lasers based on inorganic–organic hybrid materials obtained by combined sol–gel polymer technology
Authors: Reisfeld R. , Weiss A. , Saraidarov T. , Yariv E. , Ishchenko A. A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSol–gel glass matrices in which organic laser dyes are embedded can be used as the gain medium in solid‐state, continuously tunable lasers. Such lasers are very simple to construct, and potentially very compact and efficient. Unlike the commonly used liquid dye laser systems, solid‐state dye lasers can be made mechanically robust and portable. In this article, the development of sol–gel/dye lasers, including the sol–gel technology, dye properties, and laser operation, is reviewed. In addition, new solid‐state hosts (such as polyurethane/silica ORMOSILs), additional organic dyes (cyanines), and new studies on the stability of the dyes are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and evaluation as a visible‐light polymerization photoinitiator of a new dye‐linked bis(trichloromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine
Authors: Kawamura Koichi , Kato Kunimasa 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA dye‐linked initiator consisting of a merocyanine dye, which has an absorption maximum at 460 nm, and a substituted bis(trichloromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine initiator was prepared in order to achieve an efficient photopolymerization in a visible‐light region. The spectroscopic studies clearly showed that the dye‐linked initiator exhibit a marked increase in the efficiency of fluorescence quenching than a simple mixture of the dye/initiator. These results are reasonably explained in terms of the efficiency of electron transfer between the dye and the initiator. The relative photoinitiating efficiency of dye‐linked initiators in photopolymerization of acrylate monomers was evaluated and the results clearly indicated that the dye‐linked photoinitiator exhibited a marked increase in the photoinitiating efficiency of photopolymerization of acrylates compared to a simple mixture of the dye/initiator in photopolymer coatings particularly at a lower concentration of the initiator. This was explained in terms of the active quenching sphere of the dye/initiator system. Superior photosensitivity in the linked compound at a lower concentration indicates that this would be particularly useful as a visible‐light photoinitiator in holographic‐recording photopolymers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the tensile properties of “epoxy resin‐monomer” systems using cationic UV‐crosslinkable blends
Authors: Czech Zbigniew , Urbala Magdalena , Martysz Dagmara 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe compatibility of cycloaliphatic and aromatic multifunctional epoxides with several epoxide resins allows the development of a wide range of cationic radiation‐curable formulations. The influence of different “epoxide resin‐monomer” systems UV‐cured in the presence of suitable cationic photoinitiators on the resulting physicochemical film properties was studied, and the results are stated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.