bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography characteristics and factors affecting visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy
Authors: Ajmani Udit , Takkar Brijesh , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Chhablani Jay , Sahoo Niroj Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Purpose To analyse baseline imaging characteristics and factors affecting poor visual acuity in diabetic papillopathy. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in eyes with a diagnosis of diabetic papillopathy. Demographic data including age, gender, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, HbA1c values and other systemic co-morbidities were recorded. Baseline best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and various imaging characteristics were noted. Results 37 eyes of 22 patients with diagnosis of diabetic papillopathy were included [mean age of 46.6 ± 13.5 years, five (22.7%) females and 17 (77.3%) males]. Bilateral involvement was seen in 15 (68.2%) patients. The mean baseline BCVA was 0.51 ± 0.49 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 20/60). Two eyes (5.4%) had features of concurrent mild NPDR, 9 eyes (24.3%) had moderate NPDR, 10 eyes (27.03%) had severe NPDR while 16 (43.2%) other had PDR. All eyes had optic disc edema while 4 had disc pallor at presentation. Telangiectatic vessels/ neovascularisation of disc was present in 17 eyes (45.9%) detected either clinically or on optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. 11 (29.7%) eyes had a peripapillary cuff of subretinal fluid accompanying the disc edema. Sixteen eyes (43.2%) had centre involving macular edema seen on OCT. In eyes with a macular edema, the mean central macular thickness was 407.4 ± 71.42 microns at baseline. On assessing the baseline factors that contribute to the final visual acuity, presenting visual acuity was the only variable found to be statistically significant. Conclusion Although described to have good visual outcome, eyes presenting with poor visual acuity tend to have worse vision on follow up. This may aid in prognosticating and guiding management plan.
The effect of surgical factors on recurrence of tendon sheath giant cell tumours
Authors: Ertem Hakan , Selük Sefa , Orman Osman , Öztürk Kahraman , Baydar Mehmet 
Published: January 2024

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the impact of tumour-related and surgical factors on the recurrence of giant cell tumours of tendon sheath. A total of 95 patients were treated at our institution between February 2012 and March 2021. We identified the factors most likely to be associated with recurrence from evaluation of classification, neurovascular invasion, bone erosion and joint invasion. Based on these criteria, we identified 49 patients with a high risk of recurrence. Of the 95 patients, recurrence was observed in 17. Among the 49 patients classified as high-risk, 13 were found to have recurrence. This study demonstrates that recurrence is more common in the high-risk patient group. Level of evidence: IV
A Multisample Path Analysis Including a Novel Psychological Indicator, Attitude Toward Life, After the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Li Fan , Gu Haiping , Tokac Umit , Werner Kimberly , Fish Anne F. , Lou Qingqing 
Published: January 2024

Introduction During the COVID-19 outbreak, China applied a unique volunteerism system in which nurses and physicians traveled to the epicenter to care for patients. During the same period, another group, nurse and physician nonvolunteers, stayed at their home hospitals outside of the epicenter and cared for patients without COVID-19. Yet only one Chinese study examined psychological responses comparing these groups. Objective To explore whether relationships among compassion satisfaction, general health, attitude toward life, satisfaction with life, perceived stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology differ between volunteers and nonvolunteers. Attitude toward life is examined for the first time in COVID-19 research. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted (259 nurse and physician volunteers, 330 nurse and physician nonvolunteers). Online survey data were analyzed using multisample path analysis. Results There was no significant difference between volunteer and nonvolunteer models. In the volunteer model, paths significantly related to PTSD symptomatology included compassion satisfaction (total effect, β = −0.12), general health (total effect, β = −0.09), attitude toward life (direct effect, β = −0.30; total effect, β = −0.30), and perceived stress (direct effect, β = 0.30; total effect, β = 0.30), and in nonvolunteers included general health (direct effect, β = −0.11; total effect, β = −0.11) and attitude toward life (direct effect, β = −0.47; total effect, β = −0.47). Conclusion No significant difference between models means both groups could benefit from psychological intervention. Within each model, significant paths were identified. For volunteers, counselors might focus on compassion satisfaction and perceived stress and, for both volunteers and nonvolunteers, on health and attitude toward life. Delivering counseling based on key indicators in China may help prevent or mitigate PTSD. Globally, researchers could identify factors to target and determine to whom long-term counseling might be directed. Findings about attitude toward life lay the groundwork for future research.
Kidney dysfunction predicts 90 days mortality after stroke thrombectomy independent of cardiovascular risk factors and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Heinze Marlene , Schell Maximilian , Nägele Felix Leonard , Cheng Bastian , Flottmann Fabian , Fiehler Jens , Schmidt-Lauber Christian , Thomalla Götz 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Kidney dysfunction (KD) is a risk factor for cerebrovascular events and has been shown to have a detrimental effect on outcome after stroke. We evaluated the influence of KD at admission and pre-existing diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) before thrombectomy for anterior circulation stroke on functional independence and mortality 90 days after stroke in this cross-sectional study. Patients and methods: We included patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation treated with thrombectomy at our hospital between June 2015 and May 2022. We analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory values and pre-existing diagnosis of CKD. KD at admission was defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Outcomes were defined as a modified Rankin Scale Score of 0-2 for functional independence and mortality at 90 days. We fitted multivariate regression analysis to examine the influence of pre-treatment KD and pre-diagnosed CKD on outcome. Results: Nine hundred fifty-three patients were included in this analysis (mean age 73.8 years, 54.2% female). KD was present in 31.8%, and patients with KD were older and more often female, presented more often with comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation, and were less often independent before the index stroke. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, independence before the index stroke, diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, initial NIHSS, thrombolysis treatment, and recanalization outcome, KD on admission had no significant influence on functional independence 90 days after stroke, but predicted mortality with an odds ratio of 1.80 (95% CI 1.23–2.63, p = 0.003). This influence also persisted when controlling for pre-diagnosed CKD (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.43, p = 0.027). Discussion: KD might function as a surrogate parameter for comorbidity burden and thus increased risk of mortality in this cohort. Conclusions: KD on admission is associated with an 80% higher risk of mortality at 90 days after stroke thrombectomy independent of cardiovascular risk factors and CKD awareness. KD on admission should not exclude patients from thrombectomy but might support prognostic evaluation.
Orthognathic Surgery in the US. What are the Risk Factors for Readmission?
Authors: Stanbouly Dani , Selvi Firat , Chuang Sung-Kiang , Kinard Brian 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Contemporary orthognathic surgery is safe and predicable. However, there are opportunities for further improvement. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency and identify risk factors for readmission following orthognathic surgery in the US. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) on patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in 2017 and 2018. There were multiple heterogenous predictor variables that were broadly comprised of patient characteristics and hospitalization characteristics. The primary outcome variable was readmission. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for hospital readmission. A P-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The final study sample consisted of 8578 patients (mean age, 27.2 years), of whom 74 patients (0.9%) readmitted. Relative to a length of stay (LOS) of 0 to 2 days, a LOS of >2 days (OR 1.90, P < .05) was a risk factor for readmission. Patients with acute post procedural pain were 3 times more likely to readmit ( P < .05). Conclusion: Patients with an LOS of >2 days were at risk for readmission relative to patients with an LOS of 0 to 2 days. Post-procedural pain was also a significant risk factor for readmission. Finally, patients with mandibular hypoplasia were less likely to readmit.
OsVPE2, a Member of Vacuolar Processing Enzyme Family, Decreases Chilling Tolerance of Rice
Authors: Deng Huabing , Cao Sai , Zhang Guilian , Xiao Yunhua , Liu Xiong , Wang Feng , Tang Wenbang , Lu Xuedan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChilling is a major abiotic stress affecting rice growth, development and geographical distribution. Plant vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) contribute to the seed storage protein processing and mediate the programmed cell death by abiotic and biotic stresses. However, little is known about the roles of plant VPEs in cold stress responses and tolerance regulation. Here, we found that OsVPE2 was a chilling-responsive gene. The early-indica rice variety Xiangzaoxian31 overexpressing OsVPE2 was more sensitive to chilling stress, whereas the OsVPE2-knockout mutants generated by the CRISPR-Cas9 technology exhibited significantly enhanced chilling tolerance at the seedling stage without causing yield loss. Deficiency of OsVPE2 reduces relative electrolyte leakage, accumulation of toxic compounds such as reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and promotes antioxidant enzyme activities under chilling stress conditions. It was indicated that OsVPE2 mediated the disintegration of vacuoles under chilling stress, accompanied by the entry of swollen mitochondria into vacuoles. OsVPE2 suppressed the expression of genes that have a positive regulatory role in antioxidant process. Moreover, haplotype analysis suggested that the natural variation in the OsVPE2 non-coding region may endow OsVPE2 with different expression levels, thereby probably conferring differences in cold tolerance between japonica and indica sub-population. Our results thus reveal a new biological function of the VPE family in regulating cold resistance, and suggest that the gene editing or natural variations of OsVPE2 can be used to create cold tolerant rice varieties with stable yield.
Rapid genomic evolution in Brassica rapa with bumblebee selection in experimental evolution
Authors: Frachon Léa , Schiestl Florian P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundInsect pollinators shape rapid phenotypic evolution of traits related to floral attractiveness and plant reproductive success. However, the underlying genomic changes remain largely unknown despite their importance in predicting adaptive responses to natural or to artificial selection. Based on a nine-generation experimental evolution study with fast cyclingBrassica rapaplants adapting to bumblebees, we investigate the genomic evolution associated with the previously observed parallel phenotypic evolution. In this current evolve and resequencing (E&R) study, we conduct a genomic scan of the allele frequency changes along the genome in bumblebee-pollinated and hand-pollinated plants and perform a genomic principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsWe highlight rapid genomic evolution associated with the observed phenotypic evolution mediated by bumblebees. Controlling for genetic drift, we observe significant changes in allelic frequencies at multiple loci. However, this pattern differs according to the replicate of bumblebee-pollinated plants, suggesting putative non-parallel genomic evolution. Finally, our study underlines an increase in genomic variance implying the putative involvement of multiple loci in short-term pollinator adaptation.ConclusionsOverall, our study enhances our understanding of the complex interactions between pollinator and plants, providing a stepping stone towards unravelling the genetic basis of plant genomic adaptation to biotic factors in the environment.
Genome-scale identification and comparative analysis of transcription factors in thermophilic cyanobacteria
Authors: Tang Jie , Hu Zhe , Zhang Jing , Daroch Maurycy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The transcription factors (TFs) in thermophilic cyanobacteria might represent a uniquely evolved gene repertoire in light of the strong selective pressure caused by hostile habitats. Understanding the molecular composition of the TF genes in thermophilic cyanobacteria will facilitate further studies regarding verifying their exact biochemical functions and genetic engineering. However, limited information is available on the TFs of thermophilic cyanobacteria. Herein, a thorough investigation and comparative analysis were performed to gain insights into the molecular composition of the TFs in 22 thermophilic cyanobacteria.

Results
The results suggested a fascinating diversity of the TFs among these thermophiles. The abundance and type of TF genes were diversified in these genomes. The identified TFs are speculated to play various roles in biological regulations. Further comparative and evolutionary genomic analyses revealed that HGT may be associated with the genomic plasticity of TF genes in Thermostichus and Thermosynechococcus strains. Comparative analyses also indicated different pattern of TF composition between thermophiles and corresponding mesophilic reference cyanobacteria. Moreover, the identified unique TFs of thermophiles are putatively involved in various biological regulations, mainly as responses to ambient changes, may facilitating the thermophiles to survive in hot springs.

Conclusion
The findings herein shed light on the TFs of thermophilic cyanobacteria and fundamental knowledge for further research regarding thermophilic cyanobacteria with a broad potential for transcription regulations in responses to environmental fluctuations.
Enhancing maize growth through the synergistic impact of potassium enrich biochar and spermidine
Authors: Huang Shoucheng , Huang Ping , Masood Sajid , Iqbal Muhammad Mazhar , Naz Tayyaba , Danish Subhan , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Salmen Saleh H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMaize cultivated for dry grain covers approximately 197 million hectares globally, securing its position as the second most widely grown crop worldwide after wheat. Although spermidine and biochar individually showed positive impacts on maize production in existing literature, their combined effects on maize growth, physiology, nutrient uptake remain unclear and require further in-depth investigation. That’s why a pot experiment was conducted on maize with spermidine and potassium enriched biochar (KBC) as treatments in Multan, Pakistan, during the year 2022. Four levels of spermidine (0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45mM) and two levels of potassium KBC (0 and 0.50%) were applied in completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that 0.45 mM spermidine under 0.50% KBC caused significant enhancement in maize shoot length (11.30%), shoot fresh weight (25.78%), shoot dry weight (17.45%), root length (27.95%), root fresh weight (26.80%), and root dry weight (20.86%) over control. A significant increase in maize chlorophyll a (50.00%), chlorophyll b (40.40%), total chlorophyll (47.00%), photosynthetic rate (34.91%), transpiration rate (6.51%), and stomatal conductance (15.99%) compared to control under 0.50%KBC validate the potential of 0.45 mM spermidine. An increase in N, P, and K concentration in the root and shoot while decrease in electrolyte leakage and antioxidants also confirmed that the 0.45 mM spermidine performed more effectively with 0.50%KBC. In conclusion, 0.45 mM spermidine with 0.50%KBC is recommended for enhancing maize growth.
Margin status impact on recurrence of phyllodes tumors in high-risk groups: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Ranjbar Aliyeh , Zangouri Vahid , Shokripour Mansoureh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Phyllodes tumor (PT) is an fibroepithelial tumor with potential for local recurrence. The optimal margin for surgical resection of PT is still debated, particularly in cases of positive margins. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for phyllodes tumor recurrence and the effect of a free margin on tumor recurrence by considering these risk factors.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with PT who had undergone surgical management. The data were collected from medical records from 2001 to 2020 in the breast clinic of Shahid Motahhari Clinic of Shiraz. Patients were followed up for at least 3 years after the operation to be checked for local recurrence or distant metastasis at regular intervals.

Results
This retrospective study included 319 patients with PT who underwent surgical management. Of these patients, 83.9% (n = 267), 7.6% (n = 24), and 8.5% (n = 27) were classified as benign, borderline, and malignant, respectively. 8.8% of all patients and 7.6% of non-malignant cases experienced local recurrence, and risk factors for recurrence included oral contraceptive use, smoking, size > 4 cm, stromal overgrowth, and stromal cell atypia. A negative surgical margin decreased the prevalence of recurrence in tumors > 4 cm and with stromal overgrowth significantly.

Conclusion
The study found that a negative margin in all patients did not reduce the recurrence rate in benign and borderline phyllodes tumors, suggesting close follow up as a reasonable alternative. However, a negative margin may be effective in reducing recurrence in certain high-risk groups.
The patterns, trends and major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents – a scoping review
Authors: Senapati Rachel Elizabeth , Jena Susangita , Parida Jayashree , Panda Arpita , Patra Prasanna Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Kaur Harpreet , Acharya Subhendu Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Adolescence is an essential stage for the development of mental health, and suicide is among the leading cause of mortality for adolescents around the world. In India, the suicide rate among adolescents has been increasing in recent years. The scoping review was conducted to map the evidence and address gaps by examining the existing pattern, and trends, and identify the major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents.

Methods
The study was conducted as per the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ manual. The systematic search was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, by using specific keywords. After the screening, 35 articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria.

Results
The evidence on the trends of suicide among adolescents showed that the suicide rate has shown an alarming increase in recent years. The evidence pattern showed that hanging and poisoning were the commonly selected methods used by adolescents. The most commonly reported risk factors were mental health problems (54.28%), negative or traumatic familiar issues (34.28%), academic stress (22.85%), social/lifestyle factors (20%), violence (22.85%), economic distresses (8.75%), relationship factor (8.75%).

Conclusion
By synthesizing and summarising the patterns, trends, and key risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents, this scoping review provides a broad understanding of the literature already in existence. In order to effectively tackle these issues, the finding highlights the urgent need for extensive and targeted suicide prevention measures.
Severity of adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Jalali Mohammad , Bahadoran Zahra , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun , Hosseinpanah Farhad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The association of prediabetes (Pre-DM) regression and progression with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and adipose tissue dysfunction (ATD) remains to be investigated.

Methods
The present cohort study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) on 1458 Pre-DM cases (aged ≥ 21 years) who were followed for nine years. VAI was estimated based on waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ATD status (i.e., absent, mild-moderate, and severe) was defined based on the age-stratified cutoff values of VAI. Multinomial logistic regression models with adjustment of potential confounders were used to estimate the chance of Pre-DM regression to normoglycemia or progression to T2D across ATD status.

Results
During the study follow-up, 39.0% of the participants developed T2D, and 37.7% returned to normoglycemia. Compared to mild-moderate ATD, Pre-DM subjects with severe ATD had a higher risk of developing T2D by 45% (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 11.08–1.93). Severe ATD was also associated with a decreased chance of returning to normoglycemia by 26% (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55–0.99). Participants with severe ATD had significantly higher fasting (overall mean = 111, 95% CI = 109–112 vs. 106, 95% CI = 105–108 mg/dL) and 2h-serum glucose (overall mean = 165, 95% CI = 161–168 vs. 153, 95% CI = 149–156 mg/dL) concentrations over time.

Conclusion
Severe ATD was associated with an elevated risk of developing T2D and longitudinal poor-glycemic controls in Pre-DM subjects. ATD may be a simple and useful index for detecting subjects at a higher risk of Pre-DM progression to T2D, allowing for timely intervention strategies.
The cost of doubt: assessing the association between attributional ambiguity and mental health
Authors: Cuevas Adolfo G. , Williams David R. , Krobath Danielle M. , Lyngdoh Adiammi , Kaba-Diakité Fatoumata , Allen Jennifer D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
To quantify the association between attributional ambiguity–the uncertainty of whether an experience is discrimination–and mental health.

Methods
Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults recruited through an online survey by Ipsos (April 23 and May 3, 2021), attributional ambiguity was quantified by asking participants if they experienced anything in the past 6 months that they were unsure was discrimination. The survey also assessed the degree to which these experiences caused participants to feel bothered and to ruminate on them. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze associations between attributional ambiguity and depressive symptoms and mental health status.

Results
Black and Hispanic participants reported higher rates of attributional ambiguity than White participants. Experiencing attributional ambiguity was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and poorer self-reported mental health status. Among those who reported attributional ambiguity, increases in bother and rumination scores were positively associated with depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Attributional ambiguity is an important yet overlooked social determinant of mental health. More research is needed to fully understand the impact of this stressor on population health, particularly among minoritized populations.