bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovarian cancer metastatic to the brain: What is the optimal management?
Authors: McMeekin D. Scott , Kamelle Scott A. , Vasilev Steve A. , Tillmanns Todd D. , Gould Natalie S. , Scribner Dennis R. , Gold Michael A. , Guruswamy Suresh , Mannel Robert S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo better define determinants of survival and optimal management strategies for patients with ovarain cancer and brain metastases.MethodsA review of literature using Medline identified 15 case series of ovarian cancer patients with brain metastases (OBM). Each article was abstracted for survival data, and in all cases, the intervals between ovarian cancer diagnosis and brain metastasis identification, and between brain metastasis identification and last follow‐up were recorded. Cases were categorized by patient characteristics and treatment modality for brain metastases. Estimated survival probabilities were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method with differences between subgroups analyzed by the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent prognostic factors age, number of metastasis, and treatment modality associated with survival.ResultsThe median interval from ovarian cancer diagnosis to brain metastasis in 104 identified patients was 19.5 months. Brain metastasis was single in 43%, multiple in 41%, and not reported in 16% of cases. About 81.7% of patients were treated for their brain metastases using external radiation therapy (XRT), chemotherapy, and surgery. XRT was utilized in 76% of 104 patients and in 93% of treated patients. The most commonly used modalities were XRT alone (40%) and craniotomy and XRT (17%). The median survival (MS) for all patients regardless of treatment type was 6 months. Patients who received any treatment lived longer than those not receiving surgery/chemotherapy/XRT (MS; 7 months vs. 2 months, P = 0.0001). Patients with single brain metastasis had a longer median survival (21 months vs. 6 months, P = 0.049) when treated with craniotomy plus radiation and/or chemotherapy compared to treatment regimens that excluded craniotomy. In a multivariate analysis, only treatment type was significant in predicting survival.ConclusionOBM portends a poor prognosis, however, long‐term survival is possible. Patients appear to benefit from therapy, especially selected groups of OBM patients with single brain metastasis treated with radiation therapy and surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:194–200. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved protocol for the efficient ab initio calculation of accurate enthalpies of formation for C,H,N compounds
Authors: Wilcox C. F. , Russo S. O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWilcox et al. (THEOCHEM 2000, 528, 95; THEOCHEM 2001, 538, 67) have developed a fast running ab initio model based on the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) model supplemented with parametric corrections for C,H,N atoms; the model proved to be sufficiently accurate to be useful in unraveling complicated kinetic schemes. This model is reexamined, and by fitting a subset of the singlet C,H,N molecules in the G2/97 database, three variants have been developed that provide more accurate and/or faster running protocols. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 770–774, 2001
Introduction: rethinking environment and development in Africa and Asia
Authors: Kirkby J. , O'Keefe P. , Howorth C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper introduces a series of African and Asian case studies on environment and development. It explores the tension between optimistic and pessimistic interpretations of environmental maintenance and transformation. It critically examines political ecology and eco‐populism before analysing underlying models of governance, social justice and human rights. Key concepts in understanding the relationship between environment and development are discussed, including security, sustainable livelihoods, coping and entitlements. The paper ends with a discussion of marginality and vulnerability with particular attention to urban and informal sector environments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social identity as a useful perspective for self‐concept–based consumer research
Authors: Reed Americus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPsychology's study of the self‐concept has generated numerous paradigms with different underlying assumptions. In this article it is argued that these assumptions must be considered before a self‐concept paradigm can be meaningfully applied to consumer research. The major premise in this article is that the recent work on social identity is a particularly meaningful paradigm to adopt for consumer research that implicates the self. This argument is developed with a conceptual discussion of major self‐concept issues, an overview of basic self‐concept paradigms in psychology, and a synthesis of possible factors that may be considered in future theories of social‐identity–based consumption decision making. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid–mediated inhibition of ultraviolet B–induced activator protein‐1 activation in human keratinocytes
Authors: Gonzales Melissa , Bowden G. Tim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a polyphenolic compound from the Larrea tridentata bush that has been identified as a chemopreventive drug in animal studies. Topically applied NDGA has been shown to prevent phorbol ester promotion of tumors in mouse skin, suggesting that NDGA may be a candidate drug for the chemoprevention of skin cancer. Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation from sunlight exposure is the major cause of human skin cancer. UVB irradiation causes epigenetic alterations in target keratinocytes, such as the upregulation of signal transduction pathways that induce the expression of transcription factors. Specifically, UVB induces activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), a transcription factor complex that alters normal cellular gene expression. A component of the UVB‐induced AP‐1 complex, c‐fos, also was identified as a mediator of the signaling pathway that leads to AP‐1 activation. Thus, NDGA was investigated as a potential inhibitory agent for UVB‐induced signaling pathways in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. NDGA significantly inhibited UVB‐induced c‐fos and AP‐1 transactivation. In addition, NDGA was found to inhibit activity of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐kinase), a UVB‐inducible enzyme that contributes to the induced expression of c‐fos and AP‐1. Therefore, NDGA prevents UVB‐induced c‐fos expression and AP‐1 transactivation by inhibiting the PI 3‐kinase signaling pathway. Effective skin chemoprevention strategies may incorporate NDGA to inhibit components of the UVB‐induced cell signaling pathways that increase AP‐1 activity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of the SAPK activator MIG‐6 by the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate
Authors: van Laar Theo , Schouten Theo , van der Eb Alex J. , Terleth Carrol 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe alkylating agent methylmethanesulfonate (MMS) activates the c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/stress‐activated protein kinase (SAPK) and the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathways via different mechanisms of action. Activation of p38MAPK by MMS involves the pp125 focal adhesion kinase–related tyrosine kinase RAFTK and the MAPK kinase 3. The way in which MMS can activate JNK/SAPK has not been elucidated. Here we describe the identification by differential display of human mitogen‐activated gene‐6 (MIG‐6) as a novel MMS‐inducible gene. Induction of MIG‐6 by MMS was found in human diploid skin fibroblasts and in simian virus 40–transformed skin fibroblasts, indicating that the enhanced expression of MIG‐6 after MMS‐treatment did not require p53. The signal leading to activation of MIG‐6 appeared to be independent of DNA damage. High MIG‐6 expression was found in the liver, lung, and placenta. MIG‐6 is an adapter protein that binds to the activated form of cdc42Hs and to 14‐3‐3 proteins, thereby activating JNK/SAPKs. Our results suggest that activation of JNK/SAPKs by MMS may involve the induction of MIG‐6. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel member of the glycosyltransferase family, β3Gn‐T2, highly downregulated in invasive human bladder transitional cell carcinomas
Authors: Gromova Irina , Gromov Pavel , Celis Julio E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDifferential display reverse transcription (DDRT)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to compare the transcriptomes of invasive and noninvasive fresh human bladder transitional cell carcinomas. A differentially expressed novel gene sharing structural similarity with the human β3‐galactosyltransferase family, β‐1,3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase‐T2 (β3Gn‐T2), was identified. The full‐length β3Gn‐T2 cDNA, containing a complete open reading frame of 1193 bp, was cloned and sequenced. β3Gn‐T2 exhibited 29–41% homology to the multigene β3‐galactosyltransferase family. Expression of the full‐length β3Gn‐T2 cDNA in an in vitro coupled transcription/translation assay yielded a primary translation product with an apparent Mr of 46 kDa, which is in agreement with the predicted 397‐amino‐acid protein encoded by β3Gn‐T2. Multiple peptide alignment showed several sequence motifs corresponding to putative catalytic domains that are conserved throughout all members of the β3‐galactosyltransferase family, namely, a type II transmembrane domain, a conserved DxD motif, an N‐glycosylation site, and five conserved cysteins. By RT‐PCR strong downregulation of β3Gn‐T2 expression was noted in invasive human bladder transitional cell carcinomas (16 fresh biopsy samples: grade III, T2–T4) compared with their noninvasive counterparts (15 fresh biopsies: grade II, Ta), suggesting that β3Gn‐T2 may be involved in cancer progression. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consensus statement on the role of acute dopaminergic challenge in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Albanese Alberto , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Brefel Christine , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Colosimo Carlo , Eichhorn Tobias , Melamed Eldad , Pollak Pierre , Van Laar Teus , Zappia Mario 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAvailable evidence on the practice of acute pharmacological challenge tests in parkinsonian patients was reviewed by a committee of experts, which achieved a general consensus. The published data deal mainly with the acute administration of levodopa and apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. Such challenge may serve different purposes, e.g., research, diagnosis, or tailoring of treatment. Unique protocols describing the clinical setting and practice parameters are not available. The present paper describes the scientific background and supplies practical guidelines, whenever possible, to perform and evaluate acute challenge tests in parkinsonian syndromes. With the appropriate indication and setting, acute challenge tests are useful in diagnosis and therapy of Parkinson's disease and related disorders. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Transdermal dopaminergic D2 receptor agonist therapy in Parkinson's disease with N‐0923 TDS: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Hutton J. Thomas , Metman Leo Verhagen , Chase Thomas N. , Juncos Jorge L. , Koller William C. , Pahwa Rajesh , LeWitt Peter A. , Samii Ali , Tsui Joseph K.C. , Calne Donald B. , Waters Cheryl H. , Calabrese Vincent P. , Bennett James P. , Barrett Richard , Morris Jerry L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractN‐0923 is a non‐ergot, dopaminergic D2 agonist designed to be transdermally available. It has anti‐parkinsonian effects when infused intravenously. An adhesive matrix patch was developed to deliver N‐0923 transdermally (N‐0923 TDS).In this phase II trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of various doses of N‐0923 TDS at replacing levodopa. Eighty‐five Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were randomized to placebo or one of four doses of N‐0923 TDS for 21 days. Change in daily levodopa dose was the primary efficacy measure. Significantly greater reductions in levodopa dose were achieved as compared to placebo for the two highest doses of N‐0923 TDS. Patients treated with 33.5 mg and 67 mg N‐0923 TDS decreased levodopa use by 26% and 28%, vs. 7% for placebo. N‐0923 TDS was safe and well tolerated. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Frequency of levodopa‐related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature
Authors: Ahlskog J. Eric , Muenter Manfred D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is no clear consensus regarding the frequency (and hence, the risk), of dyskinesias or motor fluctuations during chronic levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Multiple clinical series have tabulated these frequencies since the advent of levodopa over 30 years ago. We were interested in determining: (1) the aggregate frequency figures in the existing literature; and (2) how clinical series from the early levodopa era, which included patients with longer durations of parkinsonism, compare to more recent (modern era) series.We searched MEDLINE for all English language publications reporting the cumulative frequency of levodopa‐induced dyskinesias or motor fluctuations during discrete intervals of treatment. This generated 2,478 publications spanning 1966 through September 2000. Papers with appropriate titles or abstracts were reviewed; reference lists from published clinical series were a source of additional papers for review. This ultimately yielded 74 publications with adequate data, relating to 112 intervals of levodopa treatment. Series that included patients with PD‐onset well before levodopa availability (pre‐levodopa era) were separately analyzed from all subsequent series. Series were grouped by duration of levodopa therapy and the median frequencies of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations were tabulated for each group. The data were analyzed both with and without adjustment for the number (N) in each series.Among series containing pre‐levodopa era patients, the median dyskinesia frequency was already 50% by 5–6 months of treatment. This contrasts with the modern era series where dyskinesias were reported later in treatment. The median dyskinesia frequency was slightly less than 40% by 4–6 years of levodopa therapy among modern era patients. Motor fluctuations (wearing‐off) were not tabulated in most of the early levodopa series. Among modern era reports, motor fluctuations were nil during the first year of levodopa therapy but were experienced by approximately 40% of patients by 4–6 years of treatment. Similar results were found when the analyses were restricted to only prospective studies where levodopa motor complications were targeted outcome measures.The conclusions reached were: (1) patients from the pre‐levodopa era experienced dyskinesias much earlier during levodopa treatment than modern era patients, perhaps because of longer durations of pre‐existing PD; (2) in the present era, patients treated with levodopa therapy for 4–6 years have approximately a 40% likelihood of experiencing motor fluctuations and a risk of dyskinesias just short of 40%; and (3) these findings represent incident data and the prevalence of clinically important morbidity may be substantially less. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Restless legs syndrome in an Asian population: A study in Singapore
Authors: Tan E.K. , Seah A. , See S.J. , Lim E. , Wong M.C. , Koh K.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn face‐to‐face interviews, we examined 157 consecutive individuals aged 55 years and older, selected from the general population in Singapore, and 1,000 consecutive individuals aged 21 years and older, from a primary healthcare center. Based on the IRLSSG criteria, the prevalence of restless leg syndrome (RLS) was 0.6% and 0.1%, respectively.
Effect of sleep deprivation on motor performance in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Högl Birgit , Peralta Cecilia , Wetter Thomas C. , Gershanik Oscar , Trenkwalder Claudia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnimal research provides evidence that sleep deprivation influences the dopamine system. Knowledge about the effect of sleep deprivation on motor performance in patients with Parkinsons disease is scarce. This study examines the influence of total and partial sleep deprivation compared to normal sleep on motor state and performance in Parkinson's disease. Fifteen nondepressed patients with Parkinson's disease underwent one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD), one night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) after 3 a.m., and one control night of normal sleep (S), performed in a random, nonconsecutive order. Over a period of 3 hours the following morning, motor evaluations (United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, [UPDRS] and tapping rate) were performed before and every 30 minutes after intake of the usual morning dopaminergic drug dose. All patients underwent polysomnography apart from the sleep deprivation protocol. Mean UPDRS motor scores and tapping velocities did not differ significantly after each of the schedules, but a subgroup of four patients improved their motor score after partial sleep deprivation. These data do not confirm previous findings of an overall positive influence of sleep deprivation on motor function in Parkinson's disease. However, the results indicate that different response types to sleep deprivation may exist and that a subgroup of patients could benefit from partial sleep deprivation. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Increased alpha activity in REM sleep in de novo patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wetter Thomas C. , Brunner Hans , Högl Birgit , Yassouridis Alexander , Trenkwalder Claudia , Friess Elisabeth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe compared the sleep structure including a quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis and the frequency of periodic limb movements (PLM) in 17 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD; 10 men, seven women, mean age 65.9 years, mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 1.8) who had never been treated with dopaminergic agents (de novo), and 10 healthy controls (six men, four women, mean age 64.5 years). The REM sleep EEG of the PD patients was characterized by a sustained increase in the high‐theta/alpha (7.8–10.5 Hz) frequency range during the first one‐third (i.e., 11.00 p.m. to 01.40 a.m.) of the night. There was no significant difference in the sleep continuity and sleep architecture as well as in the PLM index between both groups. The analysis of the temporal dynamics of the observed changes suggests a dysregulation of the REM sleep homeostasis in the patients with PD. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) modulators: Diabetes and beyond*
Authors: Jones A. Brian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand modulated transcription factors with a prominent role in the regulation of metabolic processes. This report is intended to provide a limited introduction to the PPAR field, sketched with reference to one early series of PPAR ligands. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 6, 540–552, 2001
Vascularized composite tissue transfers or open fractures with massive soft‐tissue defects in the lower extremities
Authors: Yajima Hiroshi , Tamai Susumu , Kobata Yasunori , Murata Keiichi , Fukui Akihiro , Takakura Yoshinori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrom 1982 to 1998, we treated 39 patients with type IIIB and IIIC fractures in the lower extremities by vascularized composite tissue transfers. Thirty‐four of the lesions affected the lower leg, and 5 the foot and ankle. The peroneal flap was used in 25 cases, the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap in 12, the scapula flap in 1, and the gracilis muscle flap in 1. In cases with a peroneal flap transfer, 18 cases used osteocutaneous flap with a fibula. Postoperative circulatory disturbances resulted in revision surgery in 9 patients. Eventually, grafting was successful in 37 patients. In patients with a lower leg reconstruction, additional bone grafting was performed in 7 of 16 patients with cutaneous or musculocutaneous flap transfers. No patient with osteocutaneous flap transfers required an additional bone grafting. The mean periods between injury and time to bone union were 11.7 months in patients with cutaneous flap transfers, and 7.5 months in patients with osteocutaneous flap transfers. © 2002 Wiley Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:114–119 2002
A compact photonic switch based on multimode interference with partial index‐modulation regions
Authors: Lien Chun‐Hung , Lin Hsueh‐Hui , Weng Shih‐Wan , Wang Hung‐Jen , Chang Wen‐Ching 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this letter, we propose a novel 3 × 3 photonic switch based on multimode interference. The power switching between multiple output ports are controlled by changing the refractive indices of the index‐modulated regions where such self‐images occurred. For a more realistic design, the switching characteristics for this structure are numerically investigated by the finite‐difference beam propagation method (FD‐BPM). Simulation results less insertion loss and low crosstalk level of −34dB. Moreover, detailed investigations with design rules of MMI structure have been considered. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 174–176, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10268
Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum of patients with malignant bone tumors*
Authors: Holzer Gerold , Obermair Andreas , Koschat Martin , Preyer Oliver , Kotz Rainer , Trieb Klemens 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is recognized as an important stimulator of angiogenesis. Formation of new blood vessels by angiogenic factors occurs in many biological processes, both physiological and pathological, among others in growth of primary solid malignant tumors and metastasis. This implies that the inhibition of angiogenic factors like VEGF would result in a suppression of tumor growth and metastasis formation. The aim of the present study was to compare preoperative serum VEGF levels of patients having malignant bone tumors with healthy controls to identify serum VEGF levels as a tumor marker.ProcedureBlood sera from patients with high‐grade osteosarcoma (n = 17), chondrosarcoma (n = 4) and Ewing sarcoma (n = 6) were taken at the time of diagnosis before biopsy and compared with sera from 129 healthy persons. To measure VEGF levels in serum, a commercially available ELISA was used (Quantikine Human VEGF Immunoassay; R&D Systems).ResultsThe observed geometric mean VEGF levels and 95% confidence intervals are 232.0 pg ml−1 (168.9–318.5) for patients with high‐grade osteosarcoma, 325.5 pg ml−1 (169.3–625.8) for patients with chondrosarcoma, 484.3 pg ml−1 (284.0–826.0) for patients with Ewing sarcoma, as compared to 216.2 pg ml−1 (192.8–242.5) for healthy individuals.ConclusionsWhile the sample means for the three groups of sarcoma patients were higher than the respective mean for the healthy controls, only the mean for the group with Ewing sarcoma is statistically significantly higher than the mean for the healthy controls. Despite the significant difference, VEGF levels are not suitable as a marker for Ewing sarcoma. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:601–604, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.