bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival Rate, Growth and Seedling Quality Index of Baringtonia Asiatica Kurz Stump Due to Length Variation of Stems and Roots
Authors: Suryawan Ady Suryawan , Margaretta Margaretta Christita , Endro Endro Subiandono 
Published: January 2024

There are 14805.14 ha of North Sulawesi coastal ecosystems that has been damaged. Baringtonia asiatica Kurz (Keben) is one type of coastal plants that can be used to protect coastal areas . Unfortunately, the propagation technique of Keben was not widely studied. This study aims to determine the characters of seedlings produced from the stumps of seed germination. The research used Complete Random Design with nine treatments, consisting of combination betwen three levels of root length (0 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm), and three levels of the stems length (5 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm). Parameters for analysis include percent of success, growth and quality index. The results show that root length and stem length factors significantly affect the height and robustness value. Treatment of root length of 10 cm and 5 cm rods allegedly produces the most excellent quality with the survival rates 93%, height 10.3 cm, diameter 1.08 cm, robustness value 2.03 and index of seed quality 1.35. Based on regulation of land rehabilitation, the height of 10 weeks stump have not qualified yet.
Carbon Stock Dinamics of Gmelina (Gmellina arborea Roxb.) based Agroforestry in Private Forest, Tasikmalaya and Banjar District, West Java
Authors: Siarudin Mohamad Siarudin , Yonky Yonky Indrajaya 
Published: January 2024

This research aims at measuring carbon (C) stock of gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) agroforestry system and its carbon diynamics due to several harvesting rotations. Observation was conducted during March – October 2014, on 17 plots in private forest, located in Tasikmalaya and Banjar District, West Java Province. The C-stock measurement followed Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal Method (RaCSA) with some additional analysis. The dynamic of C-stock was measured based on biological rotation, technical rotation-1 (harvesting at tree diameter of 15 cm) and technical rotation-2 (harvesting at tree diameter of 20 cm). The result of the study shows that average of C-stock in gmelina agroforest stand is 170 ton/ha, consisted of 64 ton/ha above ground C and 106 ton/ha below ground C. Biological rotation (8 years) results in maximum C-stock of 15 ton/ha at harvesting time, while the time averaged-C stock is 7 ton/ha/year.Technical rotation-1(14 years) and technical rotation-2 (24 years) result in maximum C-stock of 23 ton/ha and 28 ton/ha respectively, while the time averaged-C-stock are 12 ton/ha/year and 18 ton/ha/year respectively.
Quels enseignements tirer de l’étude d’un aléa survenu lors d’une discussion à visée philosophique en contexte scolaire ?
Authors: Saint-Dizier de Almeida Valérie , Vinatier Isabelle , Specogna Antonietta 
Published: January 2024

L’article présente l’analyse d’un extrait de Discussion à Visée Philosophique. À travers cette étude de cas, nous montrons les malentendus possibles liés à la dualité de deux « mondes » : celui de l’enseignante qui expérimente les DVP dans sa classe et celui de la chercheure à qui revient la conception de ce type de séance. Le « monde » se définit comme « arrière-plan conceptuel, axiologique et praxique ». La confrontation entre ces mondes interroge par conséquent autant les modalités de leur nécessaire collaboration que les conditions de la construction et de l’usage d’une véritable « genèse professionnelle ».
Resequencing and characterization of the first Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis genome isolated from camel
Authors: Giovanelli Tacconi Gimenez Enrico , Viana Marcus Vinicius Canário , de Jesus Sousa Thiago , Aburjaile Flávia , Brenig Bertram , Silva Artur , Azevedo Vasco 
Published: January 2024

Background
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a zoonotic Gram-positive bacterial pathogen known to cause different diseases in many mammals, including lymph node abscesses in camels. Strains from biovars equi and ovis of C. pseudotuberculosis can infect camels. Comparative genomics could help to identify features related to host adaptation, and currently strain Cp162 from biovar equi is the only one from camel with a sequenced genome.

Methods
In this work, we compared the quality of three genome assemblies of strain Cp162 that used data from the DNA sequencing platforms SOLiD v3 Plus, IonTorrent PGM, and Illumina HiSeq 2500 with an optical map and investigate the unique features of this strain. For this purpose, we applied comparative genomic analysis on the different Cp162 genome assembly versions and included other 129 genomes from the same species.

Results
Since the first version of the genome, there was an increase of 88 Kbp and 121 protein-coding sequences, a decrease of pseudogenes from 139 to 53, and two inversions and one rearrangement corrected. We identified 30 virulence genes, none associated to the camel host, and the genes rpob2 and rbpA predicted to confer resistance to rifampin. In comparison to 129 genomes of the same species, strain Cp162 has four genes exclusively present, two of them code transposases and two truncated proteins, and the three exclusively absent genes lysG, NUDIX domain protein, and Hypothetical protein. All 130 genomes had the rifampin resistance genes rpob2 and rbpA. Our results found no unique gene that could be associated with tropism to camel host, and further studies should include more genomes and genome-wide association studies testing for genes and SNPs.
Characteristics and circumstances of homicidal acts committed by offenders with schizophrenia
Authors: JOYAL C. C. , PUTKONEN A. , PAAVOLA P. , TIIHONEN J. 
Published: March 2004

Background. While men with schizophrenia are at higher risk of displaying homicidal behaviours compared with the general population, very little is known about the circumstances related to the triggering of such violent acts among offenders with schizophrenia. The main goal of the present investigation was to describe the surrounding context, psychotic symptoms, target characteristics and other circumstantial factors associated with homicidal acts committed by men with schizophrenia, with or without an additional antisocial personality disorder (APD).Method. Comprehensive clinical and research interviews, as well as multiple sources of information including reports from social workers and police officers, criminal records, witness statements and questionnaires completed by friends, acquaintances and family members were used to determine specific characteristics surrounding the homicidal acts.Results. Overall, a significant majority of homicides were considered as the consequence of psychotic symptoms; they mostly involved someone who knew the offender; and they usually occurred in a private residence. However, the subgroup of offenders with both schizophrenia and APD were less likely to be judged as responding to psychotic symptoms; they assaulted a non-relative more frequently, and they were more likely to have used alcohol and to be involved in an altercation with the victim prior to the incident than offenders without APD.Conclusion. Even for such extreme acts as homicides, the circumstances affecting the occurrence of violence among offenders with schizophrenia may differ when an additional APD diagnosis is present, which would have important implications for prevention and treatment programmes.
Neuroticism, a central link between somatic and psychiatric morbidity: path analysis of prospective data
Authors: NEELEMAN J. , BIJL R. , ORMEL J. 
Published: March 2004

Background. Neuroticism and somatic complaints are linked, and the aim of this study is to disentangle which mechanisms may be responsible for this association.Method. In a stratified sample of 7076 adults (18–65 years), neuroticism, 22 self-reported chronic somatic conditions and five broad CIDI-diagnosed psychiatric syndromes were assessed at baseline and, in 3625 (51%) subjects, 3 years later. Using path analysis we examined whether neuroticism has direct links with future somatic morbidity and, conversely, whether morbidity at baseline is linked with higher neuroticism later on.Results. Neuroticism at baseline is associated with psychiatric and somatic morbidity at follow-up after 3 years (31% and 24%, respectively, are direct associations, i.e. unmediated by each other or neuroticism at follow-up and independent of morbidity at baseline). Conversely, somatic and psychiatric morbidity at baseline are associated with increased neuroticism at follow-up (27% and 15%, respectively, are direct associations).Conclusions. Neuroticism raises risk for psychiatric and somatic morbidity but also results from them. It represents a central nexus in the process of morbidity accumulation.
The relationship between social support, depression and treatment for depression in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: MOHR D. C. , CLASSEN C. , BARRERA M. 
Published: March 2004

Background. Studies have been fairly consistent in finding a relationship between social support and depression. However, little is known about the relationship between depression and social support in the context of treatment for depression. This study examined the effects of treatment for depression on social support among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Method. Sixty-three moderately depressed MS patients received 16 weeks of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), supportive expressive group psychotherapy (SEGP) or sertraline. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory and social support was measured using Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule.Results. Treatment for depression was associated with significant increases in perceived social support, utilized social support and satisfaction with support, as well as reduction in need for emotional support. There were no significant changes in structural support or need for physical support. There were also no differences in change in social support across treatments. All changes in social support were fully explained by depression. Improvements in utilized social support and satisfaction with social support were fully mediated by improvements in depression. Baseline depression predicted improvements in perceived support and need for emotional support.Conclusions. These findings suggest that improvements in social support among MS patients during treatment for depression can be explained by depression. However, different domains of social support may be differentially sensitive to changes in depression.
Clinical response augments NK cell activity independent of treatment modality: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled antidepressant trial
Authors: FRANK M. G. , HENDRICKS S. E. , BURKE W. J. , JOHNSON D. R. 
Published: March 2004

Background. Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with alterations in immune function. Suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity (NKCA) reliably characterizes immunological alterations observed in MDD. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy has been associated with modulation of NKCA. Previous investigations into antidepressant modulation of NKCA have not employed randomized double-blind placebo controlled designs. Thus, it is unknown whether treatment-associated changes in immune function are due to drug, placebo, or spontaneous remission effects. The present investigation examined the effect of antidepressant treatment on NKCA utilizing a randomized double-blind placebo controlled experimental design.Method. Patients (N=16) met DSM-IV criteria for MDD and were randomly assigned to drug (N=8; citalopram, 20 mg/day) or placebo (N=8) under double-blind conditions. Severity and pattern of depressive symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). NK cell function was measured using a standard chromium-release assay and NK cell number assessed by flow cytometry. HDRS scores, NK cell function, and NK cell numbers were collected at 0, 1, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.Results. Clinical response was associated with augmented NKCA independent of treatment condition. Failure to respond to treatment resulted in significantly reduced NKCA over treatment interval.Conclusions. The present results suggest that alterations in the depressive syndrome, regardless of therapeutic modality, may be sufficient to modulate NKCA during antidepressant trials and thus may significantly impact on co-morbid health outcomes in MDD.
Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States
Authors: GOODWIN RENEE D. , STEIN MURRAY B. 
Published: March 2004

Background. The goal of this investigation was to determine the association between self-reported childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States.Method. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (N=S877). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect and the likelihood of specific physical disorders among adults.Results. Childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of a wide range of physical illnesses during adulthood. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifetime anxiety and depressive disorders, alcohol and substance dependence, and all types of trauma: results showed that childhood physical abuse was associated with increased risk of lung disease (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)), peptic ulcer (OR=1·5 (1·03, 2·2)) and arthritic disorders (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)); childhood sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of cardiac disease (OR=3·7 (1·5, 9·4)); and childhood neglect was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR=2·2 (1·1, 4·4)) and autoimmune disorders (OR=4·4 (1·7, 11·6)).Conclusions. Consistent with previous work, these results suggest that self-reported childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of a range of physical illnesses during adulthood. Future research that includes replication of these findings using prospectively assessed physical and mental disorders with objectively measured biological data using a longitudinal design, including other known risk factors for these diseases and more detailed information on specific forms of abuse, is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of these links.
Case studies in novel narial anatomy: 2. The enigmatic nose of moose (Artiodactyla: Cervidae: Alces alces)
Authors: Clifford Andrew B. , Witmer Lawrence M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe facial region of moose Alces alces is highly divergent relative to other cervids and other ruminants. In particular, the narial region forms an expanded muzzle or proboscis that overhangs the mouth. The nose of moose provides a case study in the evolution of narial novelty within a phylogenetically well‐resolved group (Cervidae). The function of the nasal apparatus of moose remains enigmatic, and new hypotheses are proposed based on our anatomical findings. Head specimens of moose and outgroup taxa were subjected to medical imaging (CT scanning), vascular injection, gross anatomical dissection, gross sectioning, and skeletonization. Moose noses are characterized by highly enlarged nostrils accompanied by specialized musculature, expanded nasal cartilages, and an increase in the connective‐tissue pad serving as the termination of the alar fold. The nostrils are widely separated, and the rhinarium that encircles both nostrils in outgroups is reduced to a tiny central patch in moose. The dorsal lateral nasal cartilage is modified to form a pulley mechanism associated with the levator muscle of the upper lip. The lateral accessory nasal cartilage is enlarged and serves as an attachment site for musculature controlling the aperture of the nostril, particularly the lateralis nasi, the apical dilatators, and the rectus nasi. Bony support for narial structures is reduced. Moose show greatly enlarged nasal cartilages, and the entire osseocartilaginous apparatus is relatively much larger than in outgroups. The nasal vestibule of moose is very large and houses a system of three recesses: one rostral and one caudal to the nostrils, and one associated with the enlarged fibrofatty alar fold. As a result of the expanded nasal vestibule, osseous support for the nasal conchae (i.e. turbinates) has retracted caudally along with the bony nasal aperture. The nasoturbinate and its mucosal counterparts (dorsal nasal concha and rectal fold) are reduced. The upturned maxilloturbinate, however, is associated with an enlarged ventral nasal concha and alar fold. Moose are the only species of cervid with these particular characteristics, indicating that this anatomical configuration is indeed novel. Although functional hypotheses await testing, our anatomical findings and published behavioural observations suggest that the novel narial apparatus of moose probably has less to do with respiratory physiology than with functions pertaining specifically to the nostrils. The widely separated and laterally facing nostrils may enhance stereolfaction (i.e. extracting directional cues from gradients of odorant molecules in the environment), but other attributes of narial architecture (enlarged cartilages, specialized musculature, recesses, fibrofatty pads) suggest that this function may not have been the evolutionary driving force. Rather, these attributes suggest a mechanical function, namely, an elaborated nostril‐closing system.
Survey of the slender loris (Primates, Lorisidae Gray, 1821: Loris tardigradus Linnaeus, 1758 and Loris lydekkerianus Cabrera, 1908) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nekaris K. A. I. , Jayewardene J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn 2001 and 2002, surveys of slender lorises were carried out in Sri Lanka, providing the first recent information on four taxa (Loris lydekkerianus nordicus, L. l. grandis, L. tardigradus tardigradus, and L. t. nycticeboides) endemic to the island. Thirty‐one sites across five ecological zones were surveyed. Approximately 766 km were covered in 17 areas where no lorises were found; 192 km were walked or motored in 14 sites yielding 185 sightings of Loris: L. l. nordicus (n=111), L. t. tardigradus (n=69), L. l. grandis (n=4), and L. t. nycticeboides (n=1). Density estimates, based on sightings of animals/km, were: L. t. tardigradus (0.86–13 animals/km) and L. l. nordicus (0.33–50 animals/km). Significantly fewer sightings occurred within protected areas than were made outside of them. Animal densities varied across habitat type with the highest density of lorises occurring in the dry zone in monsoon forests. Presence of Loris is positively associated with insect presence, and negatively associated with primary forest with little undergrowth; taxa differ in their ability to thrive on the edge of human habitations. Human‐induced threats include habitat loss, electrocution on live wires, road accidents, the pet trade, and use in traditional medicine. Further behavioural and ecological studies are needed to estimate the habitat requirements for the different taxa of slender loris.
A comparative study of growth, skeletal development and eggshell composition in some species of birds
Authors: Blom Jonas , Lilja Clas 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSome studies of birds suggest that the development of the skeleton may invoke a constraint on the rate of postnatal growth. Other studies have shown that the eggshell is the major source of calcium for skeletal development of the embryo. To test whether avian growth rate is indeed associated with different patterns of skeletal development, we compared the degree of skeletal ossification of the long bones of the wing and the leg of one slowly growing precocial species (quail Coturnix japonica) with that of two rapidly growing altricial species (starling Sturnus vulgaris and fieldfare Turdus pilaris). The degree of skeletal ossification of the long bones of the wings and legs of lines of quails that had undergone long‐term selection for high‐ and low‐growth rate, respectively, also was compared with a non‐selected control line. Next, the fine structure of the inner eggshell surface (mammillary layer) of both pre‐ and post‐incubated eggs, i.e. before and after embryonic development/calcium removal was compared. The data show that the skeleton of the more rapidly growing species and lines was less ossified than that of the more slowly growing ones. This difference appeared to be associated with different rates of calcium removal from the eggshell. Removal was more extensive in eggs of quail than in eggs of starling and fieldfare, i.e. more extensive in shells with a high number of mammillary tips per unit of surface area than in shells with a lower number. It is therefore concluded that growth rate is of fundamental importance for the pattern of skeletal development. Moreover, the mammillary density varies between different bird species, it is suggested, in order to support the different rates of calcium removal by developing embryos.
Should Soft Tissue Sarcomas be Treated at a Specialist Centre?
Authors: Bhangu A. A. , Beard J. A. S. , Grimer R. J. 
Published: March 2004

Objective. We have investigated whether there is evidence that patients with soft tissue sarcomas do better if treated in a
specialist centre compared with district general hospitals.Patients. All patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas who were residents of WMRHA between 1994 and 1996, with
minimum follow up of 5 years, excluding head and neck or retroperitoneal tumors.Methods. We reviewed data from the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital Oncology Service (ROHOS) database and the Cancer
Intelligence Unit (CIU) Database, with medial record review where necessary. Main outcome measures were local
recurrence and overall survival.Results. A total of 260 patients were diagnosed as having STS over the 3‐year period (incidence=1.62per 100000 per
year): 37% of patients had the majority of treatment at the specialist centre under the care of three surgeons, whilst the other
63% were treated at a total of 38 different hospitals. The rate of local recurrence was 39% at the district general hospitals
compared with 19% at the specialist centre despite the fact that tumours treated at the district hospitals were smaller and of
lower grade. The most significant factors affecting survival were grade (high versus low) and depth of the tumour. Patients
treated at the specialist centre had a small survival advantage after multivariate testing.Conclusion. Soft tissue sarcomas are rare. Centralization of treatment improves local control in all patients and survival in
some. Appropriate mechanisms for ensuring that patients with soft tissue sarcomas are seen and treated at specialist centres
should be developed.