bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Ordered‐Porous Hydroxyapatite/ β‐Tricalcium Phosphate Composites and Assessment of Sustained Drug‐Release Performance
Authors: Wang Li‐li , Tian Cheng‐yuan , Feng Li‐na , He Xiao‐he , Zhao Zhi‐cheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHydroxyapatite(HA) has received more and more attention as a drug carrier due to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, the poor biodegradability of HA, low drug loading and uncontrollable release rate limits its application. In this paper, in order to study the effect of different HA and tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) phase contents on the drug release performance of the composite, co precipitation template method was used to prepare the composite with different Ca/P ratios (1.5~1.63) using polystyrene colloids as templates, and the Ca/P ratio which had the greatest effect on its morphology was selected. With the ibuprofen (IBU) as the drug model, the results showed that the IBU‐loading performance of the composite was significantly better than that of the ordered‐porous pure phase HA. When the Ca/P ratio was 1.5, the composite had the highest adsorption capacity for IBU, reaching 94.5 mg/g. In vitro release tests revealed that IBU release rates from composites with different Ca/P ratios were slower than those from pure‐phase HA in the initial 10 h, and reached the release equilibrium after the subsequent 30 h. Then, when the Ca/P ratio was 1.5, the composite had a cumulative release rate of 86.35 % for IBU. The loading and slow release properties of this ordered porous HA/β‐TCP composite for IBU make it a potential candidate for controlled release of IBU in the future.”
Synthesis of Benzoxepine Derivatives via Two‐Fold Tandem Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Mehta Gulazarahind 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of the benzoxepine derivatives via a two‐fold ring rearrangement metathesis (RRM). Using the ring strain as deriving force, we provide a useful approach to assemble the seven‐membered benzo‐oxepine derivatives that are otherwise difficult to realize due to unfavorable entropic reasons. The synthetic route to the RRM products involves the Diels‐Alder reactions, diallylation, and RRM as key steps.
Inclusion and Non‐Inclusion Complexes between Curcumin and β‐Cyclodextrin with High‐Curcumin Loading and Enhanced Aqueous Solubility Obtained by Mechanochemistry
Authors: Cabrera‐Quiñones Neyra Citlali , López‐Méndez Luis José , Guadarrama Patricia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, we employ mechanochemistry as an innovative strategy, using a Planetary Mill, to obtain supramolecular structures in the solid state between Curcumin (Cur) and β‐cyclodextrin (βCD), exploring different parameters such as jars and balls material (stainless steel versus zirconium oxide), milling time, as well as the effect on imposing different Cur:βCD molar ratios. Our findings demonstrate that regardless of the milling material used, the same supramolecular interactions between Cur and βCD seem to be promoted. However, depending on the molar ratio, different supramolecular modes are produced resulting in inclusion complexes (ICs) or non‐inclusion complexes (non‐ICs) by a partial or total amorphization of both Cur and βCD. Independently of the type of supramolecular complex obtained (ICs/or non‐ICs), high content of Cur was quantified in all the systems, achieving a Cur content of up to 342 mg per mmol of βCD, along with an enhancement in Cur aqueous solubility. The Cur:βCD 1 : 2 complex showed the highest aqueous solubility (around 10‐times more soluble than milled Cur). In our conditions, the optimum time to form the supramolecular complexes was 60 min. The stability of the complexes was directly related to the extent of encapsulation of Cur inside the βCD cavity.
Fabrication of a Curcumin@Cu‐BTC MOF Smart Anti‐Corrosion Coating for Copper
Authors: Dehghan‐Chenar Sara , Zare Hamid R. , Mohammadpour Zahra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe curcumin@Cu(II)‐benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate metal‐organic framework (Cur@Cu‐BTC MOF) coating, as a pH‐sensitive smart anti‐corrosion coating, has been synthesized by encapsulating Cur, as a green inhibitor, in Cu‐BTC MOF. The characteristics of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental scattering map, FTIR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Corrosion parameters of Cur@Cu‐BTC MOF smart coating in 3.5 % NaCl corrosive solution were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Indeed, curcumin loading into Cu‐BTC MOF makes the coating more compact. The inhibition efficiency of Cur@Cu‐BTC MOF coating is 72.57 %. Also, when curcumin is loaded into Cu‐BTC MOF, its consumption is about 6 times lower than using it directly as an inhibitor. Also, the anti‐corrosion performance of the smart coating was measured in different immersion times in 3.5 % NaCl solution. Using UV‐vis spectrometry, it was found that the synthesized Cur@Cu‐BTC MOF nanocapsules have a loading capacity of 16.6 % for curcumin. Cur@Cu‐BTC MOF acts as a smart coating and responds to the decreasing of the local pH caused by the corrosion reaction. Encapsulated curcumin is released in response to the pH stimuli and acts as a corrosion inhibitor.
Novel Furan and Furo[2,3–d]pyrimidinone Analogues: Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, and Bleomycin‐Dependent DNA Damage Assessment
Authors: Musbah Tajdida‐imhimmed , Mohammed Noha S. , El‐Mekabaty Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEthyl 2‐amino‐4,5‐diphenylfuran‐3‐carboxylate (2), a reactive synthon, was successfully used to synthesize a novel series of furan and furo[2,3–d]pyrimidinone analogues by interactions with the proper chemical reagents. With the aid of precise spectroscopic data (FT‐IR, Mass, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectra), the structures of products were clearly established. The cytotoxic results by MTT assay showed that furo[2,3–d]pyrimidinone analogues 4 (IC50=6.1±0.8 & 10.2±2.5 μM), 6 (IC50=9.2±2.1 & 17.8±0.5 μM), 11 (IC50=7.1±0.5 & 9.2±1.8 μM), 12 (IC50=5.4±2.3 & 9.8±1.7 μM), 15 (IC50=5.2±2.0 & 8.8±2.0 μM), 18 (IC50=4.2±2.4 & 10.7±1.8 μM), and 21 (IC50=12.8±1.9 & 18.8±0.9 μM) had strong in vitro cytotoxic activities to inhibit the growth of colorectal carcinoma (HCT‐116), and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines, respectively. However, their effects on normal lung fibroblast (WI‐38) were weak in comparison to 5‐fluorouracil as a positive control. On the other hand, the biological evaluations supported the presence of strong antioxidant activity for the furo[2,3–d]pyrimidinone analogues 4, 6, 15, 17, and 21 (% inhibition=89.10, 84.16, 82.09, 88.11, and 80.23 %, respectively) when compared to ascorbic acid (88.42 %). It has been proven that the most powerful cytotoxic and antioxidant compounds have a superior protective influence on DNA against bleomycin‐induced damage.
1,10‐Phenanthroline‐Based Octahedra Induced by Protonation of a Nitrogen Atom: Structures and Emission Properties
Authors: Yoshikawa Naokazu , Yamazaki Shoko , Nakaoku Ayane , Manabe Yui , Tohnai Norimitsu , Nakata Eiji , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough a few metal‐free octahedral compounds based on nitrogen‐containing ligands are known, the realization of mixed ligand compounds remains difficult. To obtain an improved understanding of this class of compounds, two new octahedral compounds, [(tmphenH)(phen)]PF6, and [(tmphenH)(tmphen)]PF6 (where tmphen=3,4,7,8‐tetramethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), were synthesized. The relationship between the emission properties, as evaluated using experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, and structures of the protonated compounds was studied. In addition, differences between the atomic charge distributions and geometries in the ground and singlet excited states were investigated using density functional theory calculations. Both [(tmphenH)(phen)]PF6 and [(tmphenH)(tmphen)]PF6 formed hydrogen‐bonded octahedrons in acetonitrile solution, even in the excited state. However, the hydrogen bonding in [(tmphenH)(phen)]PF6 was weak and thermal vibrations decreased the emission intensity. In contrast, the additional methyl substituents in [(tmphenH)(tmphen)]PF6 suppressed thermal vibrations, resulting in a higher emission intensity.
Polaronic Nonlinear Optical Response and All‐Optical Switching Based on an Ionic Metal Oxide
Authors: Yang Yuting , Lau Kuen Yao , Zheng Jingying , Dong Junhao , Wang Lin , Yin Xiaojie , Tong Zhaojing , Qiu Hangkai , Xu Jian , Xiao Weiqiang , Xu BeiBei , Qiu Jianrong , Hosono Hideo , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt has been well‐established that light‐matter interactions, as manifested by diverse linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) processes, are mediated by real and virtual particles, such as electrons, phonons, and excitons. Polarons, often regarded as electrons dressed by phonons, are known to contribute to exotic behaviors of solids, from superconductivity to photocatalysis, while their role in materials’ NLO response remains largely unexplored. Here, the NLO response mediated by polarons supported by a model ionic metal oxide, TiO2, is examined. It is observed that the formation of polaronic states within the bandgap results in a dramatic enhancement of NLO absorption coefficient by over 130 times for photon energies in the sub‐bandgap regions, characterized by a 100 fs scale ultrafast response that is typical for thermalized electrons in metals. The ultrafast polaronic NLO response is then exploited for the development of all‐optical switches for ultrafast pulse generation in near‐infrared (NIR) fiber lasers and modulation of optical signal in the telecommunication band based on evanescent interaction on a planar waveguide chip. These results suggest that the polarons supported by dielectric ionic oxides can fill the gaps left by dielectric and metallic materials and serve as a novel platform for nonlinear photonic applications.
High‐Throughput Study of Amorphous Stability and Optical Properties of Superlattice‐Like Ge–Sb–Te Thin Films
Authors: Hui Jian , Hu Qingyun , Yuan Hongjian , Shi Ruiqian , Huang Xiang , Wu Yuanyuan , Ren Yang , Zhang Zhan , Wang Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA high‐throughput ion beam sputtering system is used to synthesize compositional gradient superlattice‐like (SLL) thin film libraries of Ge–Sb–Te alloys over the entire phase diagram. The optical properties and structural evolution of the Ge–Sb–Te combinatorial SLL thin film are investigated. A systematic screening over the annealing temperature, annealing time, and modulation period has elucidated the critical factors that affect the stability of the metastable phase and optical properties. It is found that amorphous stability and optical constant are highly dependent on the modulation period and chemical composition of the thin film. This data‐driven approach offers new perspectives for accelerating the development of new materials with excellent optical and amorphous stability and for exploring their mechanisms, by greatly expanding the dataset of Ge–Sb–Te alloys with SLL structures through high‐throughput experiments.
Engineering Phase to Reinforce Dielectric Polarization in Nickel Sulfide Heterostructure for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Liu Yihao , Zhang Huibin , Chen Guanyu , Wang Xiangyu , Qian Yuetong , Wu Zhengchen , You Wenbin , Tang Yi , Zhang Jincang , Che Renchao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEngineering phase transition in micro‐nanomaterials to optimize the dielectric properties and further enhance the electromagnetic microwave absorption (EMA) performance is highly desirable. However, the severe synthesis conditions restrict the design of EMA materials featuring controllable phases, which hinders the tunability of effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and leads to an unclear loss mechanism. Herein, a seed phase decomposition‐controlled strategy is proposed to induct nickel sulfide (NiSx) absorbers with controllable phases and hollow sphere nature. Transmission electron microscopy holography and theoretical calculations evidence that the reconstruction of atoms in phase transition induces numerous heterogeneous interfaces and lattice defects/sulfur vacancies to cause varied work functions and local electronic redistribution, which contributes to reinforced dielectric polarization. As a result, the optimized NiS2/NiS heterostructure enables enhanced EM attenuation capability with a wide EAB of 5.04 GHz at only 1.6 mm, compared to that of NiS2 and NiS. Moreover, the correlation between EAB and NiS phase content is demonstrated as the “volcano” feature. This study on the concept of phase transition of micro‐nanomaterials can offer a novel approach to constructing highly efficient absorbers for EMA and other functionalities.
Operando X‐Ray Diffraction Boosting Understanding of Graphite Phase Evolution in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jinkun , Gao Yun , Liu Jianhong , Liao Hongying , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe fast charging/discharging performance of lithium‐ion batteries is closely related to the properties of electrode materials, especially the phase evolution and Li+ diffusion kinetics. The phase evolution and intrinsic properties of an electrode material under different C‐rates can be investigated by applying operando X‐ray diffraction (XRD). In this study, a transmission X‐ray diffractometer is used in operando monitoring the behaviors of NCM811/Graphite pouch cells during charging/discharging at low rate (0.1C) and high rate (2.5C), especially the structure changes, phase evolution, and relaxation of graphite anode. The variations in XRD patterns, as well as and the inconsistency between the state of charge (SOC) of full cells and the SOC of electrodes, are explained based on genetic algorithm and shrinking annuli model. Furthermore, from the perspectives of monitoring and identification of electrode state, structural design of materials and electrodes, and optimization of charging/discharging protocols, practical suggestions for understanding the state and improving the performance of electrodes are proposed.
Macrophage‐Biomimetic Nanoplatform‐Based Therapy for Inflammation‐Associated Diseases
Authors: Qu Ying , Chu Bingyang , Li Jianan , Deng Hanzhi , Niu Ting , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInflammation‐associated diseases are very common clinically with a high incidence; however, there is still a lack of effective treatments. Cell‐biomimetic nanoplatforms have led to many breakthroughs in the field of biomedicine, significantly improving the efficiency of drug delivery and its therapeutic implications especially for inflammation‐associated diseases. Macrophages are an important component of immune cells and play a critical role in the occurrence and progression of inflammation‐associated diseases while simultaneously maintaining homeostasis and modulating immune responses. Therefore, macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms not only inherit the functions of macrophages including the inflammation tropism effect for targeted delivery of drugs and the neutralization effect of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and toxins via membrane surface receptors or proteins, but also maintain the functions of the inner nanoparticles. Macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms are shown to have remarkable therapeutic efficacy and excellent application potential in inflammation‐associated diseases. In this review, inflammation‐associated diseases, the physiological functions of macrophages, and the classification and construction of macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms are first introduced. Next, the latest applications of different macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms for the treatment of inflammation‐associated diseases are summarized. Finally, challenges and opportunities for future biomedical applications are discussed. It is hoped that the review will provide new ideas for the further development of macrophage‐biomimetic nanoplatforms.
Campylobacter species abortion in sheep
Authors: Smith Jasmine , Brzozowska Anna , Dempsey Leanne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis focus article was prepared by Jasmine Smith of the APHA Small Ruminant Species Expert Group. Data extraction and analysis was done by Anna Brzozowska of the APHA Surveillance Intelligence Unit and Leanne Dempsey from APHA Thirsk.
Strategic Autonomy Through External Differentiation
Authors: Rieker Pernille , Giske Mathilde T. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe EU engages extensively with states surrounding the Union. Since its inception, the EU has been successful in creating a network of agreements and institutional relationships with other states, whether they are potential new members of the Union or not. Non-members have been invited to participate in the EU’s internal market; to participate in various decentralised agencies; or to enter trade, partnership, or association agreements with the Union. These are all parts of what we have previously referred to as the “broader area” of European foreign and security policy. While Chapter 4 explored EU cooperation with third countries in relation to security and defence, this chapter takes a broader perspective on EU foreign and security policy, looking instead at EU-third country cooperation in a wider variety of policy fields. Building on the framework presented in Chapter 2, it explores DI beyond the Union, and how the EU and European states together, through a wider network of European cooperation and DI, are contributing to increased European strategic autonomy. As far as vertical differentiation, also known as “deepening,” is concerned with the formal member states and the transfer of power from the national to the European level of governance, this is of limited relevance to a discussion of deeper integration between the EU core and non-members. Horizontal DI, or “widening,” however, is concerned with the territorial and normative expansion of EU policies, and is therefore of greater relevance. The discussion below looks at both bilateral and multilateral agreements between the EU and various associated non-members, among them the EFTA states, the UK, Turkey and other candidate countries, as well as institutional frameworks and membership of non-EU members in various decentralised agencies.
Diagnosing of Valuing and Decision-Making Competencies in Biology Lessons
Authors: Ternieten Malte , Elster Doris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractValuing and decision-making competencies in the context of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) play an important role in the national educational standards (NBS) of biology. Secondary level students should be prepared to recognize and evaluate biological facts, and justify their own or others’ opinions. To reach these goals, in close cooperation with teachers and researchers, a 6-h teaching lesson in the ESD context about the topic “peatland protection” was developed, tested, and optimized in three cycles in the period from 2016 to 2020. In total, 181 students (95 ♀ | ♂ 86, Ø age: 14,5) participated in the investigation. The study was conducted according to the Design-Based-Research (DBR) approach. In close cooperation with seven teachers, a competence model for the diagnosis of learners’ written statements about socio-scientific issues in the ESD context was developed. As a central result, a theory-based and empirically validated competence grid was developed, evaluated, and optimized. In addition to linguistic aspects, this so-called PARS model considered the thematically relevant ESD dimensions (Ternieten, Elster, Diagnosis and promotion of decision-making competence of students with methods of internal differentiation in biology lessons. In: Gómez Chova L, López Martínez A, Candel Torres I (eds.) EDULEARN20 proceedings. 12th international conference on education and new learning technologies, Palma, Spain, 6–7 July 2020 (pp 1413–1422). IATED Academy, Valencia. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2020, 2020). The central results of the teacher interviews prove that the PARS model (diagnose grid) can be classified as a practical tool for diagnosing student performance in the context of ESD.
Challenges Emerged During an Action Research Approach Applied in a Schoolgarden Project: Reflections and Revisions
Authors: Christodoulou Anthi , Korfiatis Konstantinos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on the challenges that emerged during an Action Research (AR) school kitchen-garden project. The AR team included the teacher/researcher (T/R), the critical friend, the facilitators (i.e. the T/R’s academic advisor and the school’s principal) and three more colleague teachers. Data was derived from T/R observations and students’ reflecting notes. The results exhibited four categories of challenges that emerged during the AR cycles concerning teaching and research strategies, research coordination and students’ participation. It transpired that a research group which was committed to dialogue, shared knowledge and action managed to create a participatory and effective project. Strategies such as organizing regular meetings between the research team members, developing a friendly relationship between teachers and participating students, having a personal approach toward students who participate in the applied project (e.g., private conversations), identifying students’ personal worries or social difficulties and applying activities promoting students’ creativity, mobility and autonomy could be helpful to other environmental educational projects, as well.
Assessing the Quality of Mentoring: Evidence-Based Development of a Training Programme for Biology Mentors and Pre-service Biology Teachers for Scientific Issues
Authors: Nestler Emanuel , Retzlaff-Fürst Carolin , Groß Jorge 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMentoring is a key scaffold where pre-service biology teachers are supported by an experienced biology teacher (i.e. a mentor). A SWOT analysis revealed that our federal state is missing biology mentor teacher (BMT) training. We conducted a design-based research study to create a training programme for our biology mentor teachers. The first aim of the study was to develop the theoretical background for the complex process for biology mentor teacher training. The tetrahedron model developed by Prediger and colleagues was adapted to describe the challenging situation for BMT training. Our second aim was to evaluate the mentoring quality and subject-specific content of mentoring dialogues in the design cycle to connect this study to previous research. Our results show that mentoring quality increases after BMT training. Surprisingly, the mentor teacher and the pre-service teacher differ in their assessment. The evaluation of content of mentoring dialogues shows a higher share of discussions on content knowledge than in previous studies. All in all, this is one of the first studies on BMT training. This paper is an invitation to continue the work in this important field of biology teacher training.