bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications related to thyroidectomy among patients with hyperthyroidism: Exploring the potential for ambulatory surgery
Authors: Zhang Faye G. , Ow Thomas J. , Lin Juan , Smith Richard V. , Schiff Bradley A. , DeBiase Carolyn A. , McAuliffe John C. , Bloomgarden Noah , Mehta Vikas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism is typically followed by overnight admission to monitor for complications including thyrotoxicosis. Outpatient thyroid surgery is increasingly common, but its safety in patients with hyperthyroidism has not been well studied.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed 183 patients with hyperthyroidism who underwent total thyroidectomy from 2015 to 2022 at one urban, academic center. The main outcomes were rates of thyroid storm, surgical complications, and 30‐day ED visits and readmissions.ResultsAmong 183 patients with hyperthyroidism (mean age, 45 ± 14.5 years; 82.5% female), there were no cases of thyroid storm and complications included recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy (7.0%), symptomatic hypocalcemia (4.4%), and hematoma (1.6%). ED visits were present in 1.1% and no patients were readmitted.ConclusionTotal thyroidectomy was not associated with thyroid storm and <6% of patients required inpatient management. Ambulatory total thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism warrants further consideration through identification of predictive factors for postoperative complications.
“Et tu, Bruté?”: Do audit committees besmirch investors’ desire for increased disclosures?
Authors: Grossman Amanda , Sahyoun Najib , Twardus Ian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a content analysis of the comment letters submitted in response to the SEC concept release on the enhancements of audit committee disclosures. The comment letters were drafted by investors and a cross‐section of various governance actors or practitioners, such as audit committees, management, legal advisers, and auditors. Hence, the letters provide insights as to how these different groups interpret the proposed revisions and try to adapt them according to their needs and context. The comment letters are analyzed through the framework of the behavioral theory of boards and corporate governance, which arguably better explains the analysis results over the traditional agency theory framework. The theory examines governance actors’ interactions and behavioral processes and asserts that the corporation is a nexus of stakeholders’ coalitions, who render decisions primarily through engaging in political bargaining rather than through evaluating investor needs. Results show that, while investors are urging enhanced disclosures, audit committee respondents are against the suggested improvements. These results are consistent with the behavioral theory of boards and corporate governance but inconsistent with an agency theory perspective.
Spatiotemporal variability and trends of droughts in the Mediterranean coastal region of Türkiye
Authors: Kesgin Erdal , Yaldız Sait Genar , Güçlü Yavuz Selim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrought, defined as the period when water availability considerably remains below normal levels for a certain time period, has devastating social, economic and environmental impacts. It is significant to closely monitor the temporal and spatial variability of drought in order to implement policies to mitigate the drought risk and ensure the sustainable management of water resources. In this study, three different drought indices, standard precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation‐evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and reconnaissance drought index (RDI), are calculated for 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month time scales from the precipitation and temperature data measured in 11 meteorological observation stations within the Mediterranean coastal region of Türkiye during 1972–2020. Initially, two absolute homogeneity tests were applied, namely the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) and the Pettitt test, to detect abrupt changes in drought index time series. Then, trend analysis was carried out with the innovative trend analysis (ITA) and improved visualization of ITA (IV‐ITA) methods to determine the temporal variation of the drought in the region. A graphical representation is developed for the drought classifications based on IV‐ITA. As a result of the SNHT and Pettitt test, significant change points were found at a 5% significance level in 91.92% and 85.86% of all indices, respectively. In both tests, breaks were detected at similar times (between 1972 and 1974) at Marmaris station, while at Alanya station, changes were found between 1972 and 1973 for the SNHT and in 2008 for the Pettitt test. The trend differences between extreme conditions (extremely dry and wet) decreased with an increase in time scale, distinctively. The ITA trends were almost identical for 3‐month time scales, and they started to differ with time scale increases. Particularly, the presence of negative differences in data points contributes to the augmentation of drought periods, despite a few instances of extreme cases and minor fluctuations that can also be observed in IV‐ITA. The findings obtained from the study are expected to provide valuable information about the recent shifts in drought in the Mediterranean basin.
Long‐term evolution and non‐stationary behaviours of daily and subdaily precipitation extremes in China
Authors: Liu Yangyi , Chen Jie , Xiong Lihua , Liu Dedi , Xu Chong‐Yu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rise of extreme precipitation events has attracted wide attention throughout the world. However, the analysis of precipitation extremes is not sufficient in the short period of instrumental observation and it is complicated by their non‐stationary behaviours. As a period dominated by natural forcing, the last millennium is helpful for understanding long‐term changes in precipitation extremes. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) investigate changes in daily and subdaily precipitation extremes in China from the last millennium to the end of the twenty‐first century, (2) detect the non‐stationarity of precipitation extremes and (3) compare design storms by using stationary and non‐stationary distributions. The annual maximum 1‐day precipitation (RX1day) and annual maximum 3‐hour precipitation (RX3hour) are used to quantify variations of precipitation extremes. The results show that the trend of RX1day was insignificant for the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 950–1250) and the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1500–1800). For the historical period (1850–2014), the trend of RX1day and RX3hour was insignificant in most subregions. In addition, the differences for RX1day between the historical period and the MCA/LIA were mostly in the range of −5% to 5%. For the future period (2015–2100), RX1day and RX3hour are projected to increase in almost all land grids compared with the historical period, and they show greater increases in western China than eastern China. The non‐stationarity of RX1day and RX3hour is mainly found under the high‐emission scenario. Moreover, stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution underestimates 50‐year return levels for RX1day and RX3hour in most areas compared with non‐stationary GEV distribution under the high‐emission scenario. Overall, this study suggests that daily and subdaily extreme precipitation will intensify over China in the future. For design storms, non‐stationary methods need to be used for risk management and engineering design under the high‐emission scenario.
Nonpharmacological treatment of rumination syndrome in childhood: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sartori Roberta , Della Torca Aurora , Bramuzzo Matteo , Barbi Egidio , Tessitore Antimo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRumination syndrome (RS) is a complex functional disorder characterized by recurrent, repetitive regurgitation of recently swallowed food. RS may have medical and psychosocial implications, compromising the quality of life and causing high rates of school absenteeism. Pediatric RS has been poorly studied and little evidence regarding its treatment is available. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on the nonpharmacological treatment of RS in childhood. A systematic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and PEDro, from 2000 to 2023. The methodological quality of the publications was assessed by applying the guidelines proposed by the Equator network, according to the different designs of study, and the risk of bias was evaluated with the Risk Of Bias In Non‐Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS‐I). Five hundred ninety‐six studies were screened, and 7 studies were included in the review. Diaphragmatic breathing was the most used nonpharmacological treatment, and it was always combined with other therapeutic strategies. The vast heterogeneity of the physical or mental comorbidities and the methodology adopted in the publications did not allow a comparative analysis of the different treatments. Regardless of the type of treatment, high‐intensity therapeutic programs and specific operators' training emerged as the most influencing factors for patients' outcomes. According to the available evidence, there is not enough high‐quality evidence to suggest a defined therapeutic strategy. Large observational studies on selected patients accounting for possible confounders, with adequate follow‐up times, and with clearly defined treatment regimens are needed to identify the best therapeutic approach.
Prebiotics in the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: Position paper of the ESPGHAN special interest group on gut microbiota and modifications
Authors: Indrio Flavia , Dinleyici Ener Cagri , Berni Canani Roberto , Domellöf Magnus , Francavilla Ruggiero , Guarino Alfredo , Gutierrez Castrellon Pedro , Orel Rok , Salvatore Silvia , Van den Akker Chris H. P. , Weizman Zvi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. Compared to probiotics there are few studies with prebiotics in children. Most studies have been performed using infant formula supplemented with prebiotics, while add‐on prebiotic supplementation as prevention or treatment of childhood gastrointestinal disorders has rarely been reported. The aim of this position paper was to summarize evidence and make recommendations for prebiotic supplementation in children with gastrointestinal diseases. Recommendations made are based on publications up to January 1, 2023. Within the scope of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications, as in our previous biotic recommendations, at least two randomized controlled clinical trials were required for recommendation. There are some studies showing benefits of prebiotics on selected outcomes; however, we cannot give any positive recommendations for supplementing prebiotics in children with gastrointestinal disorders.
Increasing the efficiency of cumin essential oil extraction using cold plasma pretreatments
Authors: Shokoohi Fatemeh , Ebadi Mohammad‐Taghi , Ghomi Hamid , Rezaeinezhad Ali Reza , Faghih Haghani Saeedeh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, and its essential oil (EO) varies between 2.5% to 5% depending on differences in climate. The extraction method plays a significant role in the market price of EOs. In this study, the effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) pretreatments (using air and argon (Ar) gases) for different times on the EO yield and on the quality, color, surface morphology, and wettability of cumin seeds were studied.ResultsThe scanning electron microscope analysis results revealed that the formation of fissures and cracks caused by ACP pretreatments was directly related to increasing the efficiency of EO extraction. Comparing the two gas treatments, the highest total color changes ΔE were related to the Ar and the lowest to the air treatment, and the highest amount of browning index was related to the Ar ACP pretreatment. In general, the ACP pretreatments improved the extraction efficiency compared with the control, so that the highest increase was observed in the Ar ACP pretreatment at the rate of 44%. Ar ACP pretreatments were observed to have a higher extraction efficiency than air ACP did. In the Ar ACP‐treated samples, cumin aldehyde, as the most important component of EO, was increased compared with the control (47.9–56.4%).ConclusionThe data obtained in this study showed that ACP pretreatment of cumin seeds could increase EO extraction efficacy. Thus, ACP could be a promising technique to enhance the cumin seed EO extraction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Systematic Review on Heritability of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Yélamos Lorente Mª Á. , Perez‐Carpena Patricia , Lopez‐Escamez Jose A. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the evidence supporting the heritability and genetic basis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Data SourceRecords were extracted from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases.Review MethodsThe protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022357389) and includes a systematic review on the genetic contribution to SSNHL. The search strategy yielded 1.483 articles from electronic databases. After quality assessment, 34 records were selected, including 369.650 patients with SSNHL from nine prevalence studies, two familial aggregation studies, one twin study, and 22 genetic studies. The prevalence of SSNHL was calculated from data on its incidence from population‐based studies (period prevalence). To evaluate the heritability of SSNHL, the sibling recurrence risk ratio (λs) was calculated, by comparing the prevalence of SSNHL among siblings within the same generation to the estimated prevalence in the overall population. Genetic variants were grouped, based on the pathological mechanism related to SSNHL.ResultsThe prevalence of SSNHL ranged from 0.1% to 0.0003% in America to 0.12%–0.0093% in Asia. The estimated sibling recurrence risk ratio for SSNHL (λs = 20.8–83.3) supports a significant familial aggregation. Although several genetic variants were reported to be associated with SSHL in controlled studies, neither was replicated in an independent cohort.ConclusionsEvidence supporting heritability of SSNHL is limited to epidemiological studies showing prevalence differences across different populations and familial aggregation. Genetic studies are of low quality and they lack replication cohort to confirm their findings. According to its low prevalence, exome or genome sequencing familial‐based studies are needed to identify rare genetic variants in SSNHL.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3447–3457, 2024
Restoring soil properties in the Hyrcanian forests from machine induced compaction: Reforestation of N2‐fixing black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)
Authors: Kiumarsi Fatemeh , Jourgholami Meghdad , Jafari Mohammad , Lo Monaco Angela , Venanzi Rachele , Picchio Rodolfo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAmong the various species of trees, black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is one of the most commonly used trees for the reforestation and restoration programs of degraded forestlands in the Hyrcanian forest, particularly in the skid trails. The effects of reforestation with black alder on the recovery of litter (thickness, C, N, C/N) and soil physicochemical, biochemical, biological, and microbial properties in the skid trails with three levels of compactions were examined over a 27‐year period. Results showed that the litter characteristics such as thickness, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and C/N were at the highest level in low intensity traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent intensities. Results showed that the values of total porosity, macroporosity, aggregate stability, silt, and clay were at the lowest level in the natural stand. The highest values of soil pH, C, C/N ratio, and C storage were recorded under the skid trail with frequent machine passages. The restoration values of soil physical and chemical properties were significantly higher in the low level of machine traffic after a period of 27 years where black alder reforestation was performed on the skid trails, as compared to the medium and frequent machine traffic levels, as well as the undisturbed area. Black alder litter affected soil nitrogen and the maximum amounts of earthworm density and dry mass. This also includes fine root biomass. These data were recorded in the trails with low machine traffic as compared to those of medium and frequent traffic. The results clearly showed that black alder is effective in reaching the objectives of restoration programs, given that it promotes soil organic matter, builds up soil structure via root‐soil feedback, and improves the soil by creating a major source of nitrogen through enhancing the nitrogen cycle.
Efficient Parametric Frequency Conversions in Chalcogenide‐Loaded Etchless Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate Waveguides
Authors: Song Jingcui , Peng Yuanqiang , Guo Xiaojie , Chen Zhirong , Xiao Mingkun , Feng Tianhua , Fu Zhihao , Yang Shuixian , Wan Lei , Li Yan , Lu Chao , Li Zhaohui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParametric frequency conversion based on second‐order nonlinearity (χ(2)) is critical in many applications. The implementation of second‐order nonlinearity on integrated photonic platforms, in particular on the lithium niobate‐on‐insulator platform, has attracted considerable interest due to its low power consumption and small footprint. However, high‐efficiency on‐chip parametric frequency conversion remains challenging due to fabrication complexity. Here, efficient parametric frequency conversions via modal phase matching (MPM) in etchless thin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN)‐chalcogenide glass (ChG) hybrid waveguides fabricated by a simplified process free from domain engineering and etching of TFLN are proposed and demonstrated. An overall conversion efficiency of 25.55% W−1 for second‐harmonic generation is experimentally achieved in a 1‐cm‐long waveguide, significantly over the reach of the etchless counterparts and in the same order of magnitude as those of the etched cases based on MPM. Broadband frequency conversion with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 57 nm is achieved based on cascaded second‐harmonic generation and difference‐frequency generation via MPM in a nanophotonic waveguide using a continuous‐wave pump. This device shows great promise for efficient on‐chip parametric frequency conversion, enabling a wide range of photonic applications, and paving the way for further integration with various advanced ChG photonic devices toward on‐chip multifunctional microsystems.
Discordance between Reports of Internalized Symptoms in Persons with Parkinson's Disease and Informants: Results from an Online Survey
Authors: Kaplan Rini I. , McDowell Celina Pluim , Wall Juliana , Kinger Shraddha B. , Salazar Robert D. , Neargarder Sandy , Cronin‐Golomb Alice 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐report of motor and non‐motor symptoms is integral to understanding daily challenges of persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Care partners are often asked to serve as informants regarding symptom severity, raising the question of concordance with PwPD self‐reports, especially regarding internalized (not outwardly visible) symptoms.ObjectivesConcordance between PwPD and informant ratings of motor and non‐motor symptoms was evaluated across multiple domains.MethodsIn 60 PwPD‐informant pairs, we compared ratings on 11 online self‐report measures comprising 33 total scores, 2/3 of which represented purely internalized symptoms. For discordant scores, multiple regression analyses were used to examine demographic/clinical predictors.ResultsThough concordant on 85% of measures, PwPD endorsed more non‐motor symptoms, bodily discomfort, stigma, and motor symptoms than informants. For PwPD, younger age, greater disease severity, and female gender predicted discordance.ConclusionsDiscordance between PwPD and informants on measures assessing symptoms that cannot be outwardly observed may require targeted education.
Research on pricing models for technology‐trading platforms with different business models: A two‐stage dynamic game model
Authors: Zhao Yan , Ni Yuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing the differences in user attribution and profitability among different business models employed by technology‐trading platforms, a two‐stage dynamic game pricing model was constructed considering three pricing strategies. The research found that (1) in the information‐intermediary business model, technology‐trading platforms should adopt a two‐stage pricing model that first emphasizes transaction fees followed by mixed system charges. (2) In the one‐stop service business model, technology‐trading platforms can achieve higher returns by comprehensively using big data analysis to tailor mixed fees. (3) The traditional information‐intermediary platform can adopt a pricing model with mixed system charges to transition to a one‐stop service platform.
Patient and Caregiver Perception of Adenoidectomies: A Non‐Real‐World Social Media Analysis
Authors: Godbole Nikhil B. , Paliwoda Ethan D. , Gajjar Avi A. , Gupta Nithin , Nguyen Alexander , Nguyen Andrew , Alexander Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo survey the social media outlets Twitter and Instagram for public posts related to adenoidectomy surgery. This study aims to investigate the attitudes and perceptions of patients and caregivers on social media, through thematic content‐analysis of social media posts regarding adenoidectomy.Study DesignNon‐real world qualitative study.SettingTwitter and Instagram social media platforms.MethodsPublic posts uploaded between February, 2021 and February, 2023 using the hashtags “#adenoidectomy,” and “#adenoidectomyrecovery” were searched. Posts were excluded if they were unrelated to adenoidectomy or were in a non‐English language. Relevant posts were stratified demographically as patient or caregiver and pre‐ or postoperative, and categorized into relevant themes for analysis. Outcomes were measured as the total number of posts.ResultsA total of 394 relevant posts were analyzed. A significance threshold of P < 0.05 was used. Patients posted significantly more posts regarding procedure pain (P = 0.002) and concern for appearance (P = 0.048) compared to caregivers. Caregivers posted significantly (P < 0.001) more posts regarding condition awareness and were significantly (P < 0.001) more likely to spread positivity in their posts compared to patients themselves. Posts made by female caregivers were more likely to reference fear, while those made by male caregivers were more likely to provide education (P = 0.002).ConclusionPatients may worry about appearance and mental health while caregivers are more likely to spread information and positivity. Male and female caregivers may also use social media differently. A better understanding of patient and caregiver concerns may optimize physician interaction and involvement.