bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of congenital heart disease on mortality and other associated outcomes in children hospitalised for acute asthma exacerbation
Authors: Adebiyi Ebenezer , Munoz Pareja Jennifer Christine , Alba-Sandoval Monica , Almodovar Melvin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:Acute asthma exacerbation is one of the most common reasons for paediatric emergency room visits and hospital admissions in the United States of America.Objective:To assess the impact of CHD on outcomes of children hospitalised for acute asthma exacerbation.Methods:Children primarily admitted for acute asthma exacerbation were sampled from 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2016 kid inpatient database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project using ICD codes. The disease outcomes were compared between those with and without CHD using multivariate logistic regressions in Stata version 17.Results:There were a total of 639,280 acute asthma exacerbation admissions, of which 5,907 (0.92%) had CHD. The mortality rate was 0.079% for patients without CHD and 0.72% for those with co-existing CHD. Children with CHD had higher odds of mortality (5.51, CI 3.40–8.93, p < 0.001), acute respiratory failure (2.84, CI 2.53–3.20; p < 0.001), need for invasive mechanical ventilation (4.58, CI 3.80–5.52; p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio 3.03, CI 3.03–7.44; p < 0.001), and in-hospital cardiac arrest (adjusted odds ratio 4.52, CI 2.49–8.19; p < 0.001) when compared with those without CHD. The adjusted mean length of hospital stays (CI 2.91–3.91; p < 0.001) and hospital charges (95% CI $31060–$47747) among children with acute asthma exacerbation and CHD were significantly higher than in those without CHD.Conclusion and Significance:CHD is an independent predictor of mortality, more severe disease course, and higher hospital resource utilisation. Strategies that improve CHD care will likely improve the overall health outcomes of children with CHD hospitalised for acute asthma exacerbation.
Atmospheric Climatologies Over Isfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: Frank L. , Jonassen M. O. , Skogseth R. , Vihma T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Isfjorden region at the west coast of Spitsbergen is the most easily accessible area in the Svalbard Archipelago, making it a perfect outdoor laboratory for Arctic research. Due to its location in the high Arctic together with its complex terrain, the climatic conditions vary substantially both in time and space. Based on a new high‐resolution reanalysis, we present climatologies of five major atmospheric variables over the Isfjorden region during 2011–2021 with special focus on local effects. For example, we find that topographic channeling effects often lead to differences in near‐surface wind speeds of several m s−1 over small horizontal distances. During winter, the fjord acts as a heat and moisture island, ultimately impacting the adjacent low‐elevation land areas. These land–sea gradients reverse during summer. High mountain areas surrounding the fjord experience substantially different climatic conditions, with for example, seasonal precipitation doubling from sea level to approximately 700 m. The spatial variability over the Isfjorden region is in general found to be smaller than its temporal counterpart but larger than the diurnal cycle. Besides these findings, this study furthermore demonstrates the importance of high‐resolution regional atmospheric reanalyses compared to global products for the characterization of the local micro‐climate over Arctic fjords and the interaction with surrounding land areas.
Enhanced Microseismicity During Production Pumping Cessation at the San Emidio Geothermal Field (Nevada, USA) in December 2016
Authors: Guo Hao , Thurber Clifford , Warren Ian , Heath Benjamin A. , Folsom Matthew , Sone Hiroki , Lord Neal , Akerley John , Feigl Kurt L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTectonic activity, geothermal fluids, and microseismic events (MSEs) tend to occur in similar locations as a result of spatiotemporal changes in the subsurface stress state. To quantify this association, we analyze data from a dense seismic array deployed at the San Emidio geothermal field, Nevada for 1 week in December 2016 to coincide with a 19.45‐hr shutdown of all injection and production pumping operations. 123 MSEs were detected, of which 101 occurred during the shutdown. The spatial association of the MSEs with the production wells suggests a causal relationship between the production cessation and the MSEs. Here we performed a detailed analysis to investigate reservoir material properties, distribution of seismically activated faults, and local stress state. We determined the hypocenters, magnitudes, and focal mechanisms for the MSEs, P‐wave tomographic velocity model, and local stress tensor. The results show that most MSEs occurred near the production wells. Magnitudes fall between −2.2 and 0.0 with larger events located closer to the production wells. Most MSEs occurred within a westward‐dipping normal fault zone in the reservoir associated with anomalously low P‐wave velocity values. The focal mechanism and stress inversion results show predominantly normal faulting with the maximum horizontal stress oriented north‐south. We suggest that the MSEs during shutdown were triggered on pre‐existing, small‐scale, critically stressed fault patches in the reservoir as the pore pressure increased around the production wells when the production pumping ceased. We interpret the larger MSE magnitudes closer to the production wells as a result of higher pore pressure increase.
The Long‐Term Flux of the Solar Wind Suprathermal Ions That Precipitate on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Nénon Q. , Raines J. M. , Poppe A. R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolar wind ions weather the optical, physical, and chemical properties of the lunar surface. While the solar wind ion number density is dominated by the thermal population, the study of suprathermal ions is important to understand weathering effects that may develop at depth larger than the penetration depth of the bulk solar wind. Possible manifestations of suprathermal ion weathering include the creation of thick amorphous rims, contamination of isotopic ratios at depth, and alteration of the optical reflectance at infrared wavelengths. Furthermore, while the thermal population forms a beam parallel to the ecliptic plane, suprathermal ions may have a large northward or southward velocity component and can therefore directly access and weather the lunar polar regions, including the interiors of the Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs). In this article, we constrain the long‐term properties of the solar wind suprathermal ions using 17 years of observations by the SupraThermal Ion Composition Spectrometer onboard the Wind spacecraft (Wind‐STICS). We find that the 17‐year omnidirectional energy spectra of protons, helium ions, and oxygen ions observed by Wind‐STICS are in excellent agreement with the 11‐month estimates published by Mewaldt et al. (2001, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1433995) and Mewaldt et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74184-0_32). This agreement validates the conclusions of Nénon and Poppe (2020, https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/abbe0c) who proposed that suprathermal ions heavier than helium may increase the rate of amorphous rim formation in lunar samples by 50%. Furthermore, the Wind‐STICS observations of out‐of‐ecliptic ions reveal that the lunar PSRs are weathered by the same flux of >15 keV/nucleon as anywhere else on the lunar surface.
Night-time radiative warming using the atmosphere
Authors: Zhu Yining , Zhou Yiwei , Qin Bing , Qin Rui , Qiu Min , Li Qiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNight-time warming is vital for human production and daily life. Conventional methods like active heaters are energy-intensive, while passive insulating films possess restrictions regarding space consumption and the lack of heat gain. In this work, a nanophotonic-based night-time warming strategy that passively inhibits thermal radiation of objects while actively harnessing that of atmosphere is proposed. By using a photonic-engineered thin film that exhibits high reflectivity (~0.91) in the atmospheric transparent band (8–14 μm) and high absorptivity (~0.7) in the atmospheric radiative band (5–8 and 14–16 μm), temperature rise of 2.1 °C/4.4 °C compared to typical low-e film and broadband absorber is achieved. Moreover, net heat loss as low as 9 W m−2 is experimentally observed, compared to 16 and 39 W m−2 for low-e film and broadband absorber, respectively. This strategy suggests an innovative way for sustainable warming, thus contributes to addressing the challenges of climate change and promoting global carbon neutrality.
Coordinate transcriptional regulation of ErbB2/3 by C-terminal binding protein 2 signals sensitivity to ErbB2 inhibition in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chougoni Kranthi Kumar , Park Haemin , Damle Priyadarshan K. , Mason Travis , Cheng Bo , Dcona Martin M. , Szomju Barbara , Dozmorov Mikhail G. , Idowu Michael O. , Grossman Steven R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is a critical need to identify new therapeutic vulnerabilities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Transcriptional co-regulators C-terminal binding proteins (CtBP) 1 and 2 are highly overexpressed in human PDAC, and CRISPR-based homozygous deletion ofCtbp2in a mouse PDAC cell line (CKP) dramatically decreased tumor growth, reduced metastasis, and prolonged survival in orthotopic mouse allografts. Transcriptomic profiling of tumors derived from CKP vs.Ctbp2-deleted CKP cells (CKP/KO) revealed significant downregulation of the EGFR-superfamily receptor Erbb3, the heterodimeric signaling partner for both EGFR and ErbB2. Compared with CKP cells, CKP/KO cells also demonstrated reduced Erbb2 expression and did not activate downstream Akt signaling after stimulation of Erbb3 by its ligand neuregulin-1. ErbB3 expression in human PDAC cell lines was similarly dependent on CtBP2 and depletion of ErbB3 in a human PDAC cell line severely attenuated growth, demonstrating the critical role of ErbB3 signaling in maintaining PDAC cell growth. Sensitivity to the ErbB2-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, but not the EGFR-targeted agent erlotinib, varied in proportion to the level of ErbB3 expression in mouse and human PDAC cells, suggesting that an ErBb2 inhibitor can effectively leverage CtBP2-driven transcriptional activation of physiologic ErbB2/3 expression and signaling in PDAC cells for therapeutic benefit.
Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function and disease relevance
Authors: Yang Yang , Guo Lu , Chen Lin , Gong Bo , Jia Da , Sun Qingxiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
Metatranscriptome of human lung microbial communities in a cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 Omicron patients
Authors: Wang Lin , Cao Jia-Bao , Xia Bin-Bin , Li Yue-Juan , Zhang Xuan , Mo Guo-Xin , Wang Rui-Juan , Guo Si-Qi , Zhang Yu-Qing , Xiao Kun , Zhu Guang-Fa , Liu Peng-Fei , Song Li-Cheng , Ma Xi-Hui , Xiang Ping-Chao , Wang Jiang , Liu Yu-Hong , Xie Fei , Zhang Xu-Dong , Li Xiang-Xin , Sun Wan-Lu , Cao Yan , Wang Kai-Fei , Zhang Wen-Hui , Zhao Wei-Chao , Yan Peng , Chen Ji-Chao , Yang Yu-Wei , Yu Zhong-Kuo , Tang Jing-Si , Xiao Li , Zhou Jie-Min , Xie Li-Xin , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infected a substantial proportion of Chinese population, and understanding the factors underlying the severity of the disease and fatality is valuable for future prevention and clinical treatment. We recruited 64 patients with invasive ventilation for COVID-19 and performed metatranscriptomic sequencing to profile host transcriptomic profiles, plus viral, bacterial, and fungal content, as well as virulence factors and examined their relationships to 28-day mortality were examined. In addition, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from invasive ventilated hospital/community-acquired pneumonia patients (HAP/CAP) sampled in 2019 were included for comparison. Genomic analysis revealed that all Omicron strains belong to BA.5 and BF.7 sub-lineages, with no difference in 28-day mortality between them. Compared to HAP/CAP cohort, invasive ventilated COVID-19 patients have distinct host transcriptomic and microbial signatures in the lower respiratory tract; and in the COVID-19 non-survivors, we found significantly lower gene expressions in pathways related viral processes and positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens including bacterial Alloprevotella, Caulobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Ralstonia and fungal Aspergillus sydowii and Penicillium rubens. Correlational analysis further revealed significant associations between host immune responses and microbial compositions, besides synergy within viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Our study presents the relationships of lower respiratory tract microbiome and transcriptome in invasive ventilated COVID-19 patients, providing the basis for future clinical treatment and reduction of fatality.
Opportunistic health screening for cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors in primary care dental practices: experiences from a service evaluation and a call to action
Authors: Doughty Janine , M. Gallier Simon , Paisi Martha , Witton Robert , J. Daley Amanda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction Substantial evidence has established associations between oral health and chronic diseases, mediated by common risk factors and inflammatory processes. Dental professionals are aptly positioned to screen for cardiovascular disease and diabetes high-risk indicators. This article presents a service evaluation of two dental practices delivering health screening in dental practice, and a call to action for the wider profession.Methods Following training, two general dental practices implemented a suite of health screens, including blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio. A service evaluation was undertaken to review and improve service provision.Results Most patients (78.4%) had blood pressure values above normal range. More than half (55.8%) were outside of the healthy range for BMI. Out-of-range results for cholesterol were observed in less than one-fifth (16.7%). High blood glucose values were observed for few patients (3.3%).Conclusion Dental professionals can be successfully trained to deliver health screening interventions. Out-of-range health screening results offer an opportunity to provide targeted health advice for both the oral and general health. Clear protocols and careful interpretation of screening tests are required to minimise patients' confusion. More robust alliances between dental and general medical care are recommended.
USP4 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting TAK1
Authors: Zhang Hongdian , Han Youming , Xiao Wanyi , Gao Yongyin , Sui Zhilin , Ren Peng , Meng Fanbiao , Tang Peng , Yu Zhentao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUbiquitin-specific protease 4 (USP4) represents a potential oncogene involved in various human cancers. Nevertheless, the biological roles and precise mechanism of USP4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression are not understood. Here, USP4 expression was found to be markedly upregulated in ESCC tumor tissues and cells. Loss- and gain-of-function assays suggested that USP4 silencing inhibited ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while USP4 overexpression promoted these behaviors. Consistently, USP4 silencing repressed tumor growth and metastasis in an ESCC nude mouse model in vivo. As a target molecule of USP4, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) also showed high expression in ESCC. Moreover, we observed that USP4 specifically interacted with TAK1 and stabilized TAK1 protein levels via deubiquitination in ESCC cells. Importantly, USP4 promotes ESCC proliferation, migration, and invasion via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and can be inhibited by U0126. Neutral red (NR), an inhibitor of USP4 can suppress ESCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study revealed that USP4/TAK1 plays crucial roles in ESCC progression by modulating proliferation, migration, and invasion, and USP4 might be a potential therapeutic target in ESCC.
Two high-pressure superconducting phases in pressurized optical semiconductor GaP
Authors: Qian Nixian , Chen Chunhua , Zhou Yonghui , Wang Shuyang , Li Liangyu , Zhang Ranran , Zhu Xiangde , Yuan Yifang , Chen Xuliang , An Chao , Zhou Ying , Zhang Min , Yang Xiaoping , Yang Zhaorong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPressure engineering in semiconductors leads to a variety of novel physical phenomena and has recently received considerable attention. Here, we report on pressure-induced superconductivity in III–V gallium phosphide (GaP), a commercially important semiconductor that exhibits excellent optical performance. We show that the emergence of superconductivity is accompanied by the concurrence of piezochromic transition and metallization and can be correlated to a structural transition from the cubic to orthorhombic phase. In line with the structural origin of superconductivity, the critical temperature Tc monotonically decreases with increasing pressure up to ~50 GPa. Moreover, the superconductivity could be preserved toward ambient pressure because of the irreversibility of the structural transition. Nevertheless, the superconducting transition displays evident broadening associated with the presence of amorphization in the depressurized sample. The synchronous evolution of the structural and electronic properties not only shows a vivid structure-property relationship but also could facilitate the exploration of novel functionalities by means of pressure treatment.
A statistical framework for differential pseudotime analysis with multiple single-cell RNA-seq samples
Authors: Hou Wenpin , Ji Zhicheng , Chen Zeyu , Wherry E. John , Hicks Stephanie C. , Ji Hongkai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPseudotime analysis with single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data has been widely used to study dynamic gene regulatory programs along continuous biological processes. While many methods have been developed to infer the pseudotemporal trajectories of cells within a biological sample, it remains a challenge to compare pseudotemporal patterns with multiple samples (or replicates) across different experimental conditions. Here, we introduce , a comprehensive and statistically-rigorous computational framework for differential multi-sample pseudotime analysis. can be used to identify changes in a biological process associated with sample covariates, such as different biological conditions while adjusting for batch effects, and to detect changes in gene expression, cell density, and topology of a pseudotemporal trajectory. Unlike existing methods that ignore sample variability, draws statistical inference after accounting for cross-sample variability and hence substantially reduces sample-specific false discoveries that are not generalizable to new samples. Using both real scRNA-seq and simulation data, including an analysis of differential immune response programs between COVID-19 patients with different disease severity levels, we demonstrate the advantages of in decoding cellular gene expression programs in continuous biological processes.
Bioinspired porous three-coordinated single-atom Fe nanozyme with oxidase-like activity for tumor visual identification via glutathione
Authors: Chen Da , Xia Zhaoming , Guo Zhixiong , Gou Wangyan , Zhao Junlong , Zhou Xuemei , Tan Xiaohe , Li Wenbin , Zhao Shoujie , Tian Zhimin , Qu Yongquan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInspired by structures of natural metalloenzymes, a biomimetic synthetic strategy is developed for scalable synthesis of porous Fe-N3 single atom nanozymes (pFeSAN) using hemoglobin as Fe-source and template. pFeSAN delivers 3.3- and 8791-fold higher oxidase-like activity than Fe-N4 and Fe3O4 nanozymes. The high catalytic performance is attributed to (1) the suppressed aggregation of atomically dispersed Fe; (2) facilitated mass transfer and maximized exposure of active sites for the created mesopores by thermal removal of hemoglobin (2 ~ 3 nm); and (3) unique electronic configuration of Fe-N3 for the oxygen-to-water oxidation pathway (analogy with natural cytochrome c oxidase). The pFeSAN is successfully demonstrated for the rapid colorimetric detection of glutathione with a low limit of detection (2.4 nM) and wide range (50 nM–1 mM), and further developed as a real-time, facile, rapid (~6 min) and precise visualization analysis methodology of tumors via glutathione level, showing its potentials for diagnostic and clinic applications.
Time-domain observation of interlayer exciton formation and thermalization in a MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure
Authors: Policht Veronica R. , Mittenzwey Henry , Dogadov Oleg , Katzer Manuel , Villa Andrea , Li Qiuyang , Kaiser Benjamin , Ross Aaron M. , Scotognella Francesco , Zhu Xiaoyang , Knorr Andreas , Selig Malte , Cerullo Giulio , Dal Conte Stefano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVertical heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) host interlayer excitons with electrons and holes residing in different layers. With respect to their intralayer counterparts, interlayer excitons feature longer lifetimes and diffusion lengths, paving the way for room temperature excitonic optoelectronic devices. The interlayer exciton formation process and its underlying physical mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here we use ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with a broadband white-light probe to simultaneously resolve interlayer charge transfer and interlayer exciton formation dynamics in a MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure. We observe an interlayer exciton formation timescale nearly an order of magnitude (~1 ps) longer than the interlayer charge transfer time (~100 fs). Microscopic calculations attribute this relative delay to an interplay of a phonon-assisted interlayer exciton cascade and thermalization, and excitonic wave-function overlap. Our results may explain the efficient photocurrent generation observed in optoelectronic devices based on TMD heterostructures, as the interlayer excitons are able to dissociate during thermalization.