bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization in a US sample of children and adolescents
Authors: Rancaño Katherine M. , Puhl Rebecca , Skeer Margie , Eliasziw Misha , Must Aviva 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundNegative familial weight talk may contribute to higher weight bias internalization in pre‐ and early adolescents (hereafter referred to as children) and may differ by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity.ObjectiveExamine the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and examine differences by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity.MethodsWe cross‐sectionally analysed 5th–7th graders (10–15 years old) living in Massachusetts (n = 375, 52.3% girls, 21.3% BMI ≥85th percentile, 54.8% non‐Hispanic White). Negative familial weight talk frequency during the past 3 months was self‐reported and discretized as ‘never,’ ‘occasionally’ (1–9 times) and ‘often’ (>9 times); the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale assessed weight bias internalization. Generalized linear models estimated the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and sub‐analyses estimated the relationship across gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity. Results are summarized as ratios of means (RoM).ResultsChildren experiencing negative familial weight talk occasionally (RoM = 1.12, p = 0.024) and often (RoM = 1.48, p < 0.001) had significantly higher weight bias internalization than children who never experienced it. In sub‐analyses, experiencing negative familial weight talk often was associated with higher weight bias internalization among girls (RoM = 1.66, p < 0.001), boys (RoM = 1.32, p = 0.007), children with BMI <85th percentile (RoM = 1.44, p = 0.007) and BMI ≥85th percentile (RoM = 1.39, p = 0.001), and non‐Hispanic White children (RoM = 1.78, p < 0.001), but not Hispanic (RoM = 1.25, p = 0.085) or non‐Hispanic Black children (RoM = 1.20; p = 0.31).ConclusionsFrequent negative familial weight talk was associated with higher weight bias internalization across gender and weight status and in non‐Hispanic White children only.
Atomic‐level structure evolution of calcium silicate hydrate nucleation process, the amorphous‐to‐crystalline pathway
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wu Jiandong , Wang Liguo , Sun Guowen , Hou Dongshuai , Yu Jin , Jiang Jinyang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCalcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H) synthesis follows multistep nucleation processes ranging from amorphous globules to nanocrystals. This type of nonclassical nucleation pathway attracts extensive interest and yet related molecular processes are mostly unexplored. Herein, atomic‐level structure evolution during this process is unveiled. From inside to outside of the globule, the atomic arrangement evolves from amorphous configuration to layered stacking of calcium silicate layers with layers spaced by 1.1 nm. Numerous cations surrounding the globules provide extra calcium ions to form nano C‐S‐H foils at the edge of the globule. The polymerization to form calcium silicate chains has almost been completed before 5 min reaction, and the C‐S‐H structure formation is basically based on the self‐assembly to be calcium silicate layers and then lamellar crystal inside the globule. Silicate chain defects inhibit a‐ and c‐axes crystallization, but promote b‐axes one, leading to anisotropic growth of crystalline C‐S‐H. The defects lead to the crystallization pathways conversion from Si–O–Si bonds formation to Ca2+ electrostatic linking.
The business revolution: Economy‐wide impacts of artificial intelligence and digital platforms
Authors: Halaburda Hanna , Prince Jeffrey , Daniel Sokol D. , Zhu Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this essay, we identify several themes of the digital business transformation, with a particular focus on the economy‐wide impacts of artificial intelligence and digital platforms. In doing so, we highlight specific industries, beyond just the high‐profile “Big Tech” firms, where the digital business revolution is having, or promises to have, significant impact. The papers in this special issue (flagged with bold font below) provide a deeper analysis of the themes and applications we touch on here.
Flood risk investigation of pedestrians and vehicles in a mountainous city using a coupled coastal ocean and stormwater management model
Authors: Liu Fei , Ren Chunjiao , Chen Yao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo examine the attributes, underlying mechanisms, and impacts of rainfall patterns on the vulnerability of pedestrians and vehicles to flood‐induced instability within mountainous urban areas, we introduced an integrated urban flood model that combined the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). We implemented this model in the Yuelai New Town of Chongqing, China. Our findings indicated that in the case of early peak rainfalls, there was a rapid surge in flood volume during the initial stages of rainfall , while this increase was more gradual when the peak rainfall was delayed. Furthermore, for events with the same return period, flood peaks resulting from later peak rainfalls covered a larger area compared with those from earlier peak rainfalls; however, this effect diminished with increasing return periods. As the return period was extended, the exposed risk area for pedestrians and vehicles expanded. Analysis of instability indices revealed that pedestrians exhibit a lower index compared with vehicles, adults fare better than children, and SUVs outperform sedans. The efficacy of our proposed model framework was demonstrated through its successful application in assessing urban flood risk and evaluating the instability index for pedestrians and vehicles within a mountainous urban setting.
Genetic diversity in hereditary axonal neuropathy: Analyzing 53 Brazilian children
Authors: Figueiredo Fernanda Barbosa , Tomaselli Pedro José , Hallak Jaime , Mattiello‐Sverzut Ana Cláudia , Covaleski Anna Paula Paranhos Miranda , Sobreira Cláudia Ferreira da Rosa , de Paula Gouvêa Silmara , Marques Wilson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe genetic epidemiology of inherited neuropathies in children remains largely unknown. In this study, we specifically investigated the genetic profile of a Brazilian cohort of pediatric patients with pure or complex axonal neuropathies, a crucial knowledge in the near future for establishing treatment priorities and perspectives for this group of patients.MethodsFifty‐three pediatric patients who were assessed prior to reaching the age of 20, and who had clinical diagnoses of axonal hereditary neuropathy or presented with axonal neuropathy as the primary clinical feature, were included in the study. The recruitment of these cases took place from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020.The diagnosis was based on clinical and electrophysiological data. A molecular assessment was made using target‐gene panel or whole‐exome sequencing. Subsequently, segregation analysis was performed on available family members, and all candidate variants found were confirmed through Sanger.ResultsA molecular diagnosis was reached in 68% of the patients (n = 36/53), considering only pathogenic and probably pathogenic variants. Variants in MFN2 (n = 15) and GJB1 (n = 3) accounted for half of the genetically confirmed patients (50%; n = 18/36). The other 18 genetically diagnosed patients had variants in several less common genes.InterpretationApart from MFN2 and GJB1 genes, universally recognized as a frequent cause of axonal neuropathies in most studied population, our Brazilian cohort of children with axonal neuropathies showed an important genetic heterogeneity, probably reflecting the multi ethnicity of the Brazilian population. Diagnostic, counseling, and future interventions should consider this characteristic.
Determining the effects of Candida utilis‐fermented pea starch vs. unfermented pea starch, alone or in whole diets, on palatability and glycemic response in dogs and cats
Authors: Curso‐Almeida Priscila , Subramaniam Marina , Gallagher Alyssa , Adolphe Jennifer A. , Drew Murray D. , Loewen Matthew E. , Weber Lynn P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent research suggests yeast fermentation has the potential to improve palatability of pea‐based diets for both cats and dogs. However, to be useful, fermentation should not compromise other healthy attributes of peas such as a low glycemic response. Fermentation of uncooked pea starch with Candida utilis (ATCC 9950) appeared to increase crude protein, crude fiber content, inorganic compounds (phosphorus and iron) and phenols. Whole diets were designed with fermented and unfermented pea starch to assess palatability, food intake, and glycemic responses in unacclimated, mixed sex Beagle dogs and mixed breed cats (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively). For palatability testing, a control diet was formulated with 30% corn starch as well as test diets with 30% inclusion of fermented or unfermented pea starch (all lab‐made), then compared to a commercial diet containing pea starch (Legacy/Horizon). Fermentation had little effect on rapidly digestible starch either in uncooked starch form or when incorporated into whole diets, but did decrease resistant starch by 15% and increase slowly digestible starch by 20%. Palatability tests using either two choices or four choices at a time revealed a significant preference for the fermented pea starch diet (p < 0.01) in both species. For the glycemic responses, a total of four different pea products were included: unfermented pea starch, fermented pea starch, and 30% inclusion of unfermented and fermented pea starch in whole formulated diets. There were no significant changes in glycemic responses with the fermented pea diet compared to the unfermented diet, demonstrating that healthful low glycemic properties of pea starch were retained after C. utilis fermentation. Overall, C. utilis‐fermentation technique was successfully adapted to pea starch where it resulted in increased palatability and food intake in dogs and cats, with potential to positively contribute to overall health benefits for both species.
Schrödinger's turn: An interactional examination of willingness to communicate and talk in codependent and competitive group talk
Authors: Ducker Nathan Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLanguage learners are often required to negotiate classroom participation in pair and group work; therefore, willingness to communicate (WTC) could be a key determiner of second language (L2) success. Classroom WTC is volatile and influenced by interlocutor‐related variables, such as reciprocal identities, group membership and atmosphere, and peer support; however, these antecedents are often studied from a psychological or ecological standpoint, in which learners’ cognitive and affective reactions to environmental factors are examined. These examinations rarely measure talk itself; however, it has been suggested that a key WTC factor is conversational behaviors. Talk and WTC arise in a communicative space negotiated between all interlocutors; therefore, this article positions conversational maneuvers, such as turn‐taking and floor sharing, as key determiners of WTC. Idiodynamic data from 16 English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) classroom conversations showed that (a) dependent on learner reactions, conversational floortime could manifest codependent and competitive facets, (b) EFL learners’ WTC and participation was highly dependent on experienced English users’ facilitating maneuvers, and (c) more voluble EFL students took better advantage of the affordances their experienced counterparts provided than taciturn students. Given the ultimate goal of out‐of‐class WTC and L2 contact, the findings have important implications for training EFL learners in communicative maneuvers to control conversational floortime.
Defecatory disorders are a common cause of chronic constipation in Parkinson disease
Authors: Ramu Shivabalan Kathavarayan , Oblizajek Nicholas R. , Savica Rodolfo , Chunawala Zainali S. , Deb Brototo , Bharucha Adil E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsUp to 50% of patients with Parkinson disease have constipation (PD‐C), but the prevalence of defecatory disorders caused by rectoanal dyscoordination in PD‐C is unknown. We aimed to compare anorectal function of patients with PD‐C versus idiopathic chronic constipation (CC).MethodsAnorectal pressures, rectal sensation, and rectal balloon expulsion time (BET) were measured with high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HR‐ARM) in patients with PD‐C and control patients with CC, matched for age and sex.ResultsWe identified 97 patients with PD‐C and 173 control patients. Eighty‐six patients with PD‐C (89%) had early PD, and 39 (40%) had a defecatory disorder, manifest by a prolonged rectal balloon expulsion time (37 patients) or a lower rectoanal pressure difference during evacuation (2 patients). PD‐C patients with a prolonged BET had a greater anal resting pressure (p = 0.02), a lower rectal pressure increment (p = 0.005), greater anal pressure (p = 0.047), and a lower rectoanal pressure difference during evacuation (p < 0.001). Rectal sensory thresholds were greater in patients with abnormal BET.In the multivariate model comparing CC and PD‐C (AUROC = 0.76), PD‐C was associated with a lower anal squeeze increment (odds ratio [OR] for PD‐C, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.91–0.95]), longer squeeze duration (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.03–1.08]), lower rectal pressure increment (OR per 10 mm Hg, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.66–0.79]), and negative rectoanal gradient during evacuation (OR per 10 mm Hg, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.08–1.26]).ConclusionsCompared with CC, PD‐C was characterized by impaired squeeze pressure, longer squeeze duration, lower increase in rectal pressure, and a more negative rectoanal gradient during evacuation.
In situ seasonal patterns of root auxin concentrations and meristem length in an arctic sedge
Authors: Blume‐Werry Gesche , Semenchuk Philipp , Ljung Karin , Milbau Ann , Novak Ondrej , Olofsson Johan , Brunoni Federica 
Published: February 2024

Summary

Seasonal dynamics of root growth play an important role in large‐scale ecosystem processes; they are largely governed by growth regulatory compounds and influenced by environmental conditions. Yet, our knowledge about physiological drivers of root growth is mostly limited to laboratory‐based studies on model plant species.

We sampled root tips of Eriophorum vaginatum and analyzed their auxin concentrations and meristem lengths biweekly over a growing season in situ in a subarctic peatland, both in surface soil and at the permafrost thawfront.

Auxin concentrations were almost five times higher in surface than in thawfront soils and increased over the season, especially at the thawfront. Surprisingly, meristem length showed an opposite pattern and was almost double in thawfront compared with surface soils. Meristem length increased from peak to late season in the surface soils but decreased at the thawfront.

Our study of in situ seasonal dynamics in root physiological parameters illustrates the potential for physiological methods to be applied in ecological studies and emphasizes the importance of in situ measurements. The strong effect of root location and the unexpected opposite patterns of meristem length and auxin concentrations likely show that auxin actively governs root growth to ensure a high potential for nutrient uptake at the thawfront.
Reconsidering the role of nasolabial angle in premolar extraction decision‐making: A case‐series study
Authors: Mattos Claudia Trindade , de Almeida Natália Valli , Silveira Giordani Santos , Motta Alexandre Trindade , Mota‐Júnior Sergio Luiz , Mucha José Nelson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of changes in upper incisor inclination and position on the alteration of the nasolabial angle (NLA) in a series of cases involving the extraction of four first premolars.Materials and MethodsThe study included 41 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions. The patients were divided into two groups based on their pretreatment NLA values: Group 1 (NLA ≤ 100°) and Group 2 (NLA > 100°). Measurements of NLA, U1.NA and U1‐NA were obtained before and after treatment and U1‐Ls pretreatment measure was registered. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences in NLA, U1.NA and U1‐NA between the two groups and to evaluate the influence of these variables added to U1‐Ls (T1) on NLA changes.ResultsThe results showed that Group 1 exhibited significant changes in NLA, while Group 2 did not. However, both groups showed significant changes in U1.NA and U1‐NA. In Group 1, 80% of the individuals presented an increase in NLA and 20% no changes. In Group 2, 10% presented a decrease, 57% no changes and 33% an increase in NLA values. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the group factor had a statistically significant influence on NLA variation. Additionally, in Group 2, a negative correlation was observed between changes in U1.NA and NLA.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that individuals with higher pretreatment NLA values tend to maintain their NLA values even after the correction of upper incisor inclination.
DHR‐PA—Democracy and human rights in public administration in Africa
Authors: Onyango Gedion 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile public administration research has traditionally paid profound attention to democratic values in government‐citizen relations, public institutions are still wrestling with entrenching human rights norms today. This article's Democracy and Human Rights in Public Administration (DHR‐PA) perspective offers a view that a human rights‐anchored reforms agenda may assist with setting the much‐needed tone for realizing democratic norms in African administrative contexts where society is still dealing with extreme forms of human rights abuses. It operationalizes institutional nuances and qualities of democratic and human rights values using Afrobarometer's Round 9 dataset for Namibia, Kenya, and Nigeria. Results show that human rights proclivities of African public administration remain subtle and nebulous despite more targeted DHR‐PA reforms and the creation of institutions like human rights commissions and administrative justice agencies. Overall, for democracy to work, African public administration must acquire and entrench human rights norms and values in its engagements with citizens.Related ArticlesKahn‐Nisser, Sara. 2018. “Constructive Criticism: Shaming, Incentives, and Human Rights Reforms.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 58–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12240.Zavala de Alba, Luis Eduardo. 2012. “Toward an International Implementation of Public Policies in Human Rights: A Necessary Step in Every Democratization Process for Advancements in Economic and Social Rights.” Politics & Policy 40(5): 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00385.x.Nchofoung, Tii, Simplice Asongu, Vanessa Tchamyou, and Ofeh Edoh. 2022. “Gender, Political Inclusion, and Democracy in Africa: Some Empirical Evidence.” Politics & Policy 51(1): 137–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12505.
Electoral cycles and public spending during the pandemic
Authors: Lokshin Michael , Rodriguez‐Ferrari Aylén , Torre Iván 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper uses a newly assembled dataset on various types of social protection spending in 154 countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 to analyze the effect of the electoral cycle on the size and composition of the social protection stimulus budget. The analysis shows that the longer the time since the last election in a country—and thus the sooner the next election date—the larger the share of the social protection pandemic budget allocated to social assistance and income protection, and the lower the share allocated to job retention schemes. The electoral cycle appears to have impacted the size of social assistance spending only in countries with high political competition.
Late‐Holocene counterpoint deposition in the Lower Rhine River
Authors: Boterman Lisa , Candel Jasper , Makaske Bart , Wallinga Jakob 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTChannel deposits from meandering rivers have proven to be far more complex than the well‐known lithofacies model consisting of coarse‐grained channel, gravelly channel‐lag and fine‐grained overbank deposits. Sharp bends in rivers are subject to different hydraulic processes than bends with lower curvatures, enabling erosion of inner banks and deposition of fine‐grained sediments in the outer bend, resulting in downstream migration of river bends. This phenomenon is known as counterpoint deposition, forming counterpoint bars. This research investigates whether scroll bars associated with a sharp bend in the Lower Rhine River, The Netherlands, are such a counterpoint‐bar deposit. A counterpoint bar is expected based on: (i) the surface morphology of the scroll bar; (ii) the confinement of the river course by an ice‐pushed ridge resulting in a sharp bend; and (iii) the archaeological context of successive Roman settlements atop the ice‐pushed ridge, potentially moving downstream with the migrating river bend. This hypothesis is tested through detailed borehole descriptions combined with optically stimulated luminescence dating, the latter being a novel approach to identifying counterpoint deposits. The deposits consist of clays and sandy clays with fine sand laminations, and sporadic larger sand bodies. Further upstream these deposits grade into channel deposits dominated by coarser sands with gravels. These lithologies are explained using earlier proposed mechanisms for counterpoint formation; substrata match those described in previously studied counterpoint deposits and their point bar counterparts. Optically stimulated luminescence dates indicate that the Lower Rhine River bend migrated downstream, confirming counterpoint deposition. A migration rate of 1.93 m/year was established through weighted linear regression. This study demonstrates the potential of optically stimulated luminescence dating to investigate counterpoint bar presence. The identified counterpoint bars and associated bend migration provide insight into meandering river dynamics that is crucial for river management and in aiding river restoration and rewilding initiatives.
Comparisons between eyebags, droopy eyelids, and eyebrow positioning identified by photo‐numeric scales or identified by written descriptive scales: Insights from the Singapore/Malaysia cross‐sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort
Authors: Ng Jun Yan , Chew Fook Tim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluate skin sagging phenotypes (eyebags, droopy eyelids, low eyebrow positioning) using written descriptive scales and photo‐numeric scales. We also study how anti‐ageing interventions and digital screen time influence skin sagging.AimWe compare the two phenotype assessment methods with each other.MethodSkin sagging and personal lifestyle data obtained from 2885 ethnic Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia cross‐sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort were collated and compared.ResultsSignificant correlations (p‐value < 0.001) between written descriptive scales and photo‐numeric scales were observed for eyebags (0.25) and eyebrow positioning (0.08). Significant correlations (p‐value < 0.001) were observed after combining both scales for eyebags (0.38), droopy eyelids (0.30), and eyebrow positioning (0.30). Anti‐ageing interventions are associated with delayed progression of eyebags from 18–45 years old, droopy eyelids from 31–45 years old, and eyebrow positioning from 35–40 years old. Significantly lower (p‐value < 0.02) eyebrow positioning is associated with both <1 and 1–3 h of screen time stratified by age.ConclusionWritten descriptive scales provide comparable results to photo‐numeric scales. However, validating and adapting photo‐numeric scales for different populations identifies phenotypes better. Anti‐ageing interventions are beneficial at different age ranges. Screen time is associated with skin sagging in young (18–30 years old) participants.