bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and identification of low-concentration M proteins with CZE/IS; a 'dry' analysis
Authors: Keularts Irene MLW , Beunis Marlene H , van Oord John , Janssen Johannes W 
Published: March 2005

The accuracy of detection and identification of low-concentration M proteins using capillary zone electrophoresis/immunosubtraction (CZE/IS) plots was systematically studied. To this end, 49 CZE plots (protein spectra; session I) and CZE/IS plots (spectra with corresponding immunosubtraction plots; session II) were judged by participants from 12 Dutch laboratories. Plots were based on mixed sera with a low concentration (0.4, 1 or 4 g/L) of one M protein, as well as normal sera, sera with an oligoclonal or polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins, and sera containing free monoclonal light chains. At 0.4 g/L, nine out of 12 (9/12) different M proteins were hard to detect. At 1 g/L, 6/12 M proteins were detected by >85% of the participants. At 4 g/L, 10/12 M proteins were detected by all participants. Normal spectra were always judged correctly. At 1 g/L and 4 g/L, detected M proteins were identified correctly by 92% of the participants, versus only 63% at 0.4 g/L. The detection accuracy was only slightly (non-significantly) improved by the application of IS plots. Our data indicate that CZE/IS is applicable for most M proteins at concentrations ≥4 g/L.
Towards an evidence-based understanding of Peyronie's disease
Authors: Cavallini Giorgio 
Published: March 2005

Aetiopathogenesis and therapy for Peyronie's disease are summarized below. Aetiopathogenesis: (a) Plaque fibroblasts and their products provoke an immune response; (b) there are chromosomal differences between plaques and normal albuginea; (c) plaque fibroblasts are immortalized cells; (d) plaque fibroblasts demonstrate an impaired mitochondrial activity. These patterns provoke inflammation and they compel us to regard Peyronie's disease as being more similar to keloids than to scars. Therapy: Medical therapy plays a pivotal role in the management of Peyronie's disease and should be performed prior to any surgery. Intraplaque collagenase, intraplaque verapamil, intraplaque interferon, oral acetyl-L-carnitine, oral propionyl-L-carnitine and oral colchicine have proved effective in Peyronie's disease. With the exception of collagenase, these drugs have displayed a number of activities whose final result is to improve immune response, to inhibit inflammation and to inhibit fibroblast metabolism and replication. Therefore, the primitive replicative (rather than reactive) nature of the disease is confirmed; this knowledge may be of help in the identification of new non-surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease.
Periacetabular osteotomy in patients with Down’s syndrome
Authors: Katz D. A. , Kim Y.-J. , Millis M. B. 
Published: March 2005

We treated eight dysplastic acetabula in six skeletally mature patients with Down’s syndrome by a modified Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. The mean age at the time of surgery was 16.5 years (12.8 to 28.5). Mean length of follow-up was five years (2 to 10.4).Pre-operatively the mean (Tönnis) acetabular angle was 28°, the centre-edge angle was −9°, and the extrusion index was 60%; post-operatively they were 3°, 37°, and 17%, respectively. Two patients with post-operative (Tönnis) acetabular angles > 10° developed subluxation post-operatively and required secondary varus derotation femoral osteotomies. Another patient developed a late labral tear which was treated arthroscopically. All eight hips remain clinically stable, and are either asymptomatic or symptomatically improved.These results suggest that the modified Bernese periacetabular osteotomy can be used successfully in the treatment of acetabular dysplasia in patients with Down’s syndrome.
Response of the tendon during limb lengthening
Authors: Szöke G. , Lee S.-H. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Prescott J. 
Published: March 2005

Little is known about the increase in length of tendons in postnatal life or of their response to limb lengthening procedures. A study was carried out in ten young and nine adult rabbits in which the tibia was lengthened by 20% at two rates 0.8 mm/day and 1.6 mm/day. The tendon of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscle showed a significant increase in length in response to lengthening of the tibia. The young rabbits exhibited a significantly higher increase in length in the FDL tendon compared with the adults. There was no difference in the amount of lengthening of the FDL tendon at the different rates. Of the increase in length which occurred, 77% was in the proximal half of the tendon. This investigation demonstrated that tendons have the ability to lengthen during limb distraction. This occurred to a greater extent in the young who showed a higher proliferative response, suggesting that there may be less need for formal tendon lengthening in young children.
Monoblock and modular total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis
Authors: Mileti J. , Sperling J. W. , Cofield R. H. , Harrington J. R. , Hoskin T. L. 
Published: March 2005

There are theoretical and practical advantages to modular rather than monoblock designs of prostheses for shoulder arthroplasty, but there are no reported studies which specifically compare the clinical and radiological results of their use. We have compared the results of unconstrained total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis using both types of implant. The monoblock design was used between 1992 and 1995 and the modular design after 1995. Both had cemented all-polyethylene glenoids, the monoblock with matched and the modular with mismatched radii of curvature. There were 34 consecutive shoulders in each group with a mean follow-up of 6.1 years in the first and 5.2 years in the second. There were no significant differences in improvement of pain scores, active elevation, external rotation, internal rotation, patient satisfaction, or the Neer ratings between the two groups. Two of 28 glenoid components in the first group and six of 30 in the second met the criteria for being radiologically at risk for loosening (p = 0.25). There were no significant differences in clinical outcome or radiological changes between the first- and second-generation designs of implant for shoulder arthroplasty.
Identification of Ghrelin in Human Saliva: Production by the Salivary Glands and Potential Role in Proliferation of Oral Keratinocytes
Authors: Gröschl Michael , Topf Hans G , Bohlender Jörg , Zenk Johannes , Klussmann Sven , Dötsch Jörg , Rascher Wolfgang , Rauh Manfred 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background: We investigated whether ghrelin is present in human saliva, is produced by salivary glands, and physiologic consequences of these findings.
Methods: Expression of ghrelin and specific receptor mRNA was determined by PCR. Proteins were identified by immunoblotting and size-exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with consecutive RIA. Specific RIAs were used for quantification of salivary total and bioactive ghrelin. Distribution of ghrelin was investigated by immunohistochemistry in cryosections of the salivary glands. The effect of ghrelin on incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine as a measure of cell proliferation was investigated in primary oral keratinocytes.
Results:Ghrelin is produced by the salivary glands. The hormone was identified in saliva and glands by immunoblotting and by FPLC fractionation of saliva. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ghrelin distribution in the salivary glands. The receptor was also produced by the glands and by oral keratinocytes and was shown to be functional. Comparison of total ghrelin values for healthy individuals (body mass index, 18–27 kg/m2) showed significantly lower concentrations in saliva than in serum (P &lt;0.01). The correlation between both matrices was r2 = 0.56 (P &lt;0.001) with a negative correlation to body mass index (r2 = 0.314; P &lt;0.01). Bioactive acylated ghrelin was also present in saliva. Incubation of keratinocytes with ghrelin led to significantly increased cell proliferation (P &lt;0.001). This effect could be completely suppressed by co-incubation with NOX-B11 (50 nmol/L), a novel specific inhibitor of acylated ghrelin.
Conclusions: Ghrelin in saliva is produced and released by salivary glands. The effect of ghrelin on oral cell proliferation adds to the pro-proliferative action of other salivary growth factors.
Chemoradiation after Surgery for High-Risk Head and Neck Cancer Patients: How Strong Is the Evidence?
Authors: Bernier Jacques , Cooper Jay S. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: List the clinical and histopathologic risk factors that motivate a more aggressive adjuvant treatment in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.Evaluate the impact of post operative radiotherapy and chemoradiation on treatment outcome for a variety of efficacy and toxicity end points.Identify the most efficient chemotherapy agents in chemoradiation protocols for head and neck cancer patients.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Patients with locally advanced, operable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are known to be at high risk of treatment failure, ranging from local regrowth to lymphatic spread to systemic dissemination. Attacking specifically each of these patterns of failure implies the use of a multimodal approach. Throughout the past two decades the management of stages III/IV HNSCC remained a matter of debate, especially with regards to treatment intensity and sequencing. Surgery and/or radiotherapy were the mainstay of local-regional treatment in patients with locally advanced disease, but treatment outcome often remained disappointing. In the hope of improving the prognosis after radical surgery, cisplatin-based combinations have been administered before surgery, in the interval between surgery and radiotherapy, or after radiotherapy. Until very recently these combinations, at best, decreased systemic failures without having a real impact on local outcome or survival. Indeed, until the mid-1990s, most trials that had tested postoperative combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not show any significant benefit. In 2004 level I evidence was established with the publication of the results of two large-scale, independent but similar trials conducted in Europe and the U.S. Both studies demonstrated that, compared with postoperative irradiation alone, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation was more efficacious in terms of local-regional control and disease-free survival. With the publication of these two trials the evidence demonstrating the potential value of concurrent postoperative chemoradiotherapy in high-risk operable head and neck cancer is strong; however, additional studies and comparative analysis of the selection criteria and treatment outcomes across these two trials will be needed to gain a more accurate assessment of benefit and risk levels in specific patients with operable, locally advanced disease.
Eliminating Radioresistance With a Magnetic Ion‐Generator by Simultaneously Augmenting DNA Damage and Diminishing Immunosuppression
Authors: Zhang Ruru , Chen Mei , Zhou Hui , Liu Yan , Wang Yi , Chen Can , Li Yueping , Zeng Jianfeng , Cui Jiabin , Duan Ruixue , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) hinges on DNA damage‐induced cancer cell death and the subsequent anti‐tumor immunity. However, the efficacy of RT is curtailed by cell cycle heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which foster radioresistance. Here an ion generator‐based RT enhancement strategy is demonstrated in a mouse model of the radioresistant tumor. The ion generator is degraded in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in iron‐triggered ferroptosis that enhanced immunogenic cell death and a manganese‐activated stimulator of interferon gene that reversed the immunosuppressive environment. As a result, the proposed strategy promotes dendritic cells maturity, augmentes CD8+ T cell infiltration of tumors, suppresses intratumoral myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and limits the M2 macrophages polarization, indicating the formation of an immunoreactive microenvironment. Significantly, this approach impedes the growth of not just primary, but also distal metastatic tumors. It is thus believed that the current ion generator provides a robust and enduring countermeasure to radioresistant cancer and its metastasis, with potential implications for enhancing the efficacy of RT in clinically resistant tumors.
Monomolecule Coupled to Oxygen‐Doped Carbon for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Liu Shuling , Jiang Jianchun , Wei Xinao , Zhao Keke , Shen Ruofan , Wang Xiaopeng , Wei Min , Wang Yongfeng , Pang Huan , Li Baojun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an ideal alternative for the industrial anthraquinone process because of environmental friendliness and energy efficiency, depending on the activity and selectivity of catalysts. Carbon‐based materials possess prospects as candidate catalysts for the production of H2O2. Herein, cedar‐derived monolithic carbon catalysts modified with coupling oxygen doping and phthalocyanine molecules are synthesized. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules are introduced onto the carbon surface to construct monomolecular active sites via π‐π stacking. The electronic structure of CoPc is modulated by oxygen doping on carbon substrates, mediated by monomolecular π‐π stacking. A synergistic effect optimally modulated the interaction between CoPc and key intermediate to H2O2. The energy barrier for oxygen reduction is reduced to optimize the selectivity to H2O2. CoPc@OCW provided up to 99% selectivity to H2O2 at 0.7 V versus RHE. In a three‐phase flow cell, CoPc@OCW achieved an H2O2 yield up to 10.4 mol·g−1·h−1 at 0.2 V versus RHE with stable running for 24 h. The advantages of carbon‐based catalysts including the adjustable chemical structure depending on π‐π stacking and electronic structure of carbon atoms through oxygen doping improved the catalytic performances in the production of H2O2. This proof‐to‐concept research demonstrates the potential application of carbon‐based molecular catalysts for electrochemical synthesis.
X‐Linked Gene Dosage and SOX2 Act as Key Roadblocks for Human Germ Cell Specification in Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: He Wenteng , Luo Qing , Zhao Jian , Wang Mengting , Zhao Allan , Feng Luohua , Reda Ahmed , Lindgren Eva , Stukenborg Jan‐Bernd , Chen Jiayu , Deng Qiaolin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome (KS), characterized by the presence of at least one extra X‐chromosome, is a common cause of male infertility. However, the mechanism underlying the failure of germline specification is not well studied. Intriguingly, the differentiation efficiency of female human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is often lower than that of male. This study investigates how X‐linked gene dosage affects human primordial germ cell‐like cells (hPGCLCs) specification in both healthy and diseased conditions. This work reveals that X‐linked genes play a multifaceted role against the fate competency to hPGCLCs, with escape genes IGSF1 and CHRDL1 inhibiting the TGF‐beta/Activin A and BMP pathways, respectively. Notably, this work identifies a previously unrecognized role of SOX2, upregulated by the escape gene USP9X, elucidating a species‐specific function in the mammalian germline. The USP9X‐SOX2 regulatory axis profoundly influenced cellular metabolism, mitochondrial morphology, and progenitor competence in hPGCLCs specification. Furthermore, the inability to downregulate SOX2 and upregulate SOX17 in response to BMP signaling impedes downstream gene activation due to motif binding competition. These findings shed novel insights into the human germline specification by elucidating the divergent roles of SOX2 versus SOX17 in mammals, influenced by X‐linked gene dosage effects. These results offer potential applications for improving the induction efficiency of hPGCLCs, facilitating disease mechanistic studies.
Presentation and Longer‐Term Outcomes in Mosaic Trisomy 21 Causing Isolated Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis
Authors: Mehra Anna‐Thérèse , Wojcik Monica H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTransient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a transitory, myeloproliferative condition nearly exclusively present in infants with complete trisomy 21 (T21), or in its rare form, T21 mosaicism. We present here a case study of a neonate diagnosed with T21 mosaicism and TAM who did not exhibit the typical phenotypic features of down syndrome (DS), but displayed hematologic abnormalities, in addition to hepatosplenomegaly. Initial genetic testing suggested acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but subsequent evaluations were indicative of T21 mosaicism confined to the myeloid cell line, with negative results from lymphocytes cultured from a skin biopsy. A pathogenic GATA1 variant was found in the bone marrow in addition to three copies of RUNX1, associated with aberrant hematopoiesis in TAM. The infant responded to a brief course of chemotherapy and demonstrated normal growth and development at four years of age. In addition to this case, we identified 25 cases from the literature of mosaic T21 restricted to the myeloid cell line supporting normal development following treatment for TAM. As this case and the literature review demonstrate, T21 mosaicism apparently isolated to the bone marrow is unlikely to be associated with systemic or neurodevelopmental manifestations of DS.
Plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarker relationships with incident abnormal amyloid PET
Authors: Cogswell Petrice M. , Wiste Heather J. , Weigand Stephen D. , Therneau Terry M. , Griswold Michael E. , Braunstein Joel B. , West Tim , Verghese Philip B. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Algeciras‐Schimnich Alicia , Lowe Val J. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Knopman David S. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLimited data exist on the utility of plasma biomarkers to predict incident abnormal amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). In this study we evaluate the association of plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers with amyloid PET progression among initially amyloid PET negative (A−) individuals.METHODSWe included 290 A−, cognitively unimpaired Mayo Clinic Study of Aging participants. We estimated the association of each baseline plasma biomarker with progression from A− to A+ and with rate of amyloid PET change.RESULTSInterquartile range differences in amyloid beta 42/40, percent phosphorylated tau 217 (%p‐tau217), and Amyloid Probability Score 2 were associated with 1.29 (P = 0.09), 1.38 (P < 0.001), and 1.20 (P = 0.05) increases, respectively, in the hazard of progression from A− to A+ and 0.27 (P = 0.16), 0.50 (P = 0.007), and 0.28 (P = 0.15) Centiloid/year increases, respectively, in annual rate of amyloid PET change.DISCUSSIONPlasma %p‐tau217 may be a useful screening tool to enrich for participants with increased likelihood of progressing from normal to abnormal amyloid PET in a primary prevention trial.Highlights
Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 was associated with amyloid positron emission tomography progression, negative to positive.
The associations were weaker for amyloid beta 42/40 and Amyloid Probability Score 2.
Age and apolipoprotein E ε4 carriership were also important predictors.
These markers may be useful for enrichment of a primary prevention trial.
Prescription opioid use and cognitive function in older adults with chronic pain: A population‐based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wei Yu‐Jung Jenny , Winterstein Almut G. , Schmidt Siegfried , Fillingim Roger B. , Schmidt Stephan , Daniels Michael J. , DeKosky Steven T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWhether prescription opioid exposure, duration, and dose are associated with cognitive function remains inconclusive.METHODSA longitudinal cohort among 3097 older adults with chronic pain and without dementia was conducted using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) linked to Medicare data from 2006 to 2020. Prescription opioid exposure, cumulative use for ≥ 90 days, and high‐dose use (≥ 90 morphine milligram equivalents [MME] daily) were assessed biennially. Memory score and dementia probability were derived from HRS cognitive measures and analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models.RESULTSAdjusted memory decline and dementia probability were not statistically different between patients with (vs. without) opioid exposure and between patients with cumulative use for ≥ 90 days (vs. < 90 days) but were higher between participants with high‐dose opioid use (vs. low‐dose) at the end of the follow‐up.DISCUSSIONPrescription opioid exposure and duration were not associated, but high‐dose opioid use was associated with greater memory decline and dementia probability.Highlights
Opioid use versus no use was not related to memory decline and dementia probability.
Long‐term opioid use was not related to memory decline and dementia probability.
High‐dose opioid use was related to greater memory decline and dementia probability.
The protective effects of melatonin against electromagnetic waves of cell phones in animal models: A systematic review
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Khazaie Habibolah , Mohammadi Masoud 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDue to the widespread use of cell phone devices today, numerous research studies have focused on the adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation on human neuropsychological and reproductive systems. In most studies, oxidative stress has been identified as the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying the harmful effects of electromagnetic waves. This paper aims to provide a holistic review of the protective effects of melatonin against cell phone‐induced electromagnetic waves on various organs.MethodsThis study is a systematic review of articles chosen by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct using the keywords ‘melatonin’, ‘cell phone radiation’, and ‘animal model’. The search focused on articles written in English, which were reviewed and evaluated. The PRISMA process was used to review the articles chosen for the study, and the JBI checklist was used to check the quality of the reviewed articles.ResultsIn the final review of 11 valid quality‐checked articles, the effects of melatonin in the intervention group, the effects of electromagnetic waves in the case group, and the amount of melatonin in the chosen organ, i.e. brain, skin, eyes, testis and the kidney were thoroughly examined. The review showed that electromagnetic waves increase cellular anti‐oxidative activity in different tissues such as the brain, the skin, the eyes, the testis, and the kidneys. Melatonin can considerably augment the anti‐oxidative system of cells and protect tissues; these measurements were significantly increased in control groups. Electromagnetic waves can induce tissue atrophy and cell death in various organs including the brain and the skin and this effect was highly decreased by melatonin.ConclusionOur review confirms that melatonin effectively protects the organs of animal models against electromagnetic waves. In light of this conclusion and the current world‐wide use of melatonin, future studies should advance to the stages of human clinical trials. We also recommend that more research in the field of melatonin physiology is conducted in order to protect exposed cells from dying and that melatonin should be considered as a pharmaceutical option for treating the complications resulting from electromagnetic waves in humans.