bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Importance of Comparative Research for the Understanding of Human Behavior and Development: A Reply to Gottlieb & Lickliter (2004)
Authors: Maestripieri Dario 
Published: January 2005

AbstractComparative behavioral research is important for a number of reasons and can contribute to the understanding of human behavior and development in many different ways. Research with animal models of human behavior and development can be a source not only of general principles and testable hypotheses but also of empirical information that may be extrapolated to humans.
Resting cortical brain activity and social behavior in higher functioning children with autism
Authors: Sutton Steven K. , Burnette Courtney P. , Mundy Peter C. , Meyer Jessica , Vaughan Amy , Sanders Chris , Yale Marygrace 
Published: January 2005

Background:  Psychophysiological measurement of processes related to social behavior may be valuable for research on individual differences and subgroups among children with autism spectrum disorders (Coleman, 1987; Dawson, Klinger, Panagiotides, Lewy, & Castelloe, 1995; Modahl et al., 1998). In particular, recent research and theory suggests that measures of resting anterior EEG asymmetry reflect complex brain processes associated with individual differences in approach or avoidance motivation that may be associated with social and emotional interaction tendencies among children with autism.Method:  This hypothesis was examined in a study of the relations among resting anterior asymmetry, social impairment, and social anxiety in 23 high functioning children with autism (HFA) and 20 controls (age range 9–14 years).Results:  These groups were significantly different on the measures of anterior asymmetry, social symptoms and anxiety‐related measures. Moreover, HFA children who displayed right frontal asymmetry (RFA group) displayed more symptoms of social impairments and better visual analytic skills than did children who displayed left frontal asymmetry (LFA group). Alternatively, while the LFA group displayed fewer symptoms of social impairment they also reported greater levels of social anxiety, social stress, and lower satisfaction with interpersonal relations than did the RFA group.Conclusions:  These observations indicate that anterior EEG asymmetry may be a marker of motivation and emotion processes that refract the autism taxon into important individual differences in social presentation among higher functioning children.
Evaluation of a classroom program of creative expression workshops for refugee and immigrant children
Authors: Rousseau Cécile , Drapeau Aline , Lacroix Louise , Bagilishya Déogratias , Heusch Nicole 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  This evaluative study assessed the effect of a creative expression program designed to prevent emotional and behavioral problems and to enhance self‐esteem in immigrant and refugee children attending multiethnic schools.Method:  The 12‐week program involved 138 children, aged 7 to 13, registered in both integration classes designed for immigrant children and regular classes at two elementary schools. Pretest and posttest data were collected from the children themselves and from their teacher. Teachers used Achenbach's Teacher's Report Form to assess the emotional and behavioral symptoms of their pupils whereas children self‐reported their symptoms with the Dominic, a computerized questionnaire. Self‐esteem was measured with the Piers‐Harris Self‐Concept Scale administered by interviewers to the children.Results:  At the end of the program, the children in the experimental groups reported lower mean levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and higher mean levels of feelings of popularity and satisfaction than the children in the control groups, when controlling for baseline data. In integration classes, the effect on self‐esteem was especially notable in boys. The intervention's effect on internalizing and externalizing symptoms was not modified by gender, age or fluency in the mainstream language.Conclusion:  The study provides some evidence that creative workshops in the classroom can have a beneficial effect on the self‐esteem and symptomatology of immigrant and refugee children from various cultures and backgrounds. These quantitative results support previous qualitative analysis showing that the workshops participate in the reconstruction of a meaningful personal world while simultaneously strengthening the link of the child to the group. They also transform the teachers’ perceptions of newcomers by placing an emphasis on their strength and their resilience, while not negating their vulnerabilities.
Parent‐Child Interaction and Attention Regulation in Children Born Prematurely
Authors: Davis Deborah Winders , Burns Barbara , Snyder Elizabeth , Dossett Dena , Wilkerson Shirley A. 
Published: January 2005

ISSUES AND PURPOSE . The goal of this pilot study was to understand attention behaviors in extremely low‐birth‐weight (ELBW) children within the context of parent‐child interactions and their relation to the child's independent performance.DESIGN AND METHODS . Parent‐child and child‐alone puzzle matching tasks, demographics, and IQ were measured in a sample of 15 4‐year‐olds who weighed ≤1,000 g at birth and were free from major disability.RESULTS . A self‐regulated and efficient strategy during the parent‐child puzzle was related to using an efficient strategy when working alone. Attention regulation during the parent‐child puzzle was related to accuracy in the child‐alone task. Parents appeared to be regulating attention appropriately.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS . Understanding the mechanisms of attention regulation in ELBW children could lead to specific interventions to support parents in strengthening their children's self‐regulatory functioning.
Review of branch aortic injuries in blunt chest trauma
Authors: Holdgate Anna , Dunlop Sarah 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectives:  To review the incidence, mechanisms of injury, diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the major branches of the thoracic aorta within the thoracic cavity following blunt trauma.Methods:  Medline, Embase and Cochrane were searched using appropriate key word and MeSH headings. Full text articles were retrieved where there was any information relating to the mechanism of injury, incidence of injury, diagnosis, treatment or outcome in patients with injuries to the brachiocephalic, subclavian or carotid arteries within the thoracic cavity following blunt chest trauma.Results:  The reported incidence of these injuries varied widely, most injuries were related to rapid deceleration injuries or falls. Diagnosis depends on a high level of clinic suspicion and appropriate investigations include helical CT scanning and arteriography. Treatment options have expanded in recent years with the use of endovascular stents; however, the optimal treatment remains uncertain.Conclusions:  Aortic branch injuries must be actively excluded in patients with suspicious mechanisms of injury. Guidelines determining appropriate investigative pathways and methods of treatment should be developed at all trauma centres.
Ambulance diversion is not associated with low acuity patients attending Perth metropolitan emergency departments
Authors: Sprivulis Peter , Grainger Stephen , Nagree Yusuf 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjective:  To examine the relationship between ambulance diversion and low acuity patient (LAP) attendances to EDs.Methods:  Comparison of LAP attendance rates at inner metropolitan EDs and outer metropolitan EDs using a previously validated methodology.Results:  The percentage of LAP attendances was lower at inner metropolitan EDs (11.4%, 95% CI 11.3–11.6) compared to outer metropolitan hospitals (22.9%, 95% CI 22.6–23.2, P < 0.001). The proportion of LAP attendances was slightly higher at both inner and outer metropolitan hospitals after‐hours compared to working hours. Average daily LAP attendances per inner metropolitan hospital (13.4 attendances, 95% CI 13.2–13.6) which averaged 89.2 min of diversion daily (95% CI 88.7–89.7) were lower than at outer metropolitan hospitals (19.3 attendances, 95% CI 19.0–19.6, P < 0.001), which averaged 12.4 min of diversion daily (95% CI 12.1–12.5, P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Inner metropolitan hospitals experience low LAP attendance rates. Attempts to further reduce LAP attendance rates at Perth inner metropolitan hospitals have limited scope to reduce ambulance diversion.
Management of new onset atrial fibrillation in previously well patients less than 60 years of age
Authors: Taylor David McD , Aggarwal Anuradha , Carter Michael , Garewal Devinder , Hunt David 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjective:  This study reviewed the ED management of new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in previously well patients aged less than 60 years.Methods:  We undertook a retrospective review of ED patients from 1998 to 2002 inclusive. The main outcome measures were approaches to rate or rhythm control and anticoagulation, the use of echocardiography, the value of diagnostic testing and the frequency of hospital admission.Results:  Fifty‐two patients were identified. In general, all patients were haemodynamically stable. One patient had mild cardiac failure and one was clinically thyrotoxic. Serum potassium was measured in 51 (98%) patients, magnesium in 23 (44%) and cardiac enzymes in 30 (58%); results were generally unhelpful. Thyroid function tests were carried out in 40 (77%) patients; results were unremarkable except for the clinically thyrotoxic patient. No patient had echocardiography in the ED; however, 6 patients (12%) were later found to have major cardiac abnormalities. Forty‐four (85%) patients received a variety of medications; 37 (71%) received an anti‐arrhythmic and 24 (46%) an antithrombotic. Overall, 17 (33%) patients received theoretically effective therapy for conversion to sinus rhythm. Twenty‐two (42%) patients were admitted to hospital.Conclusions:  This study reveals variation in the management of acute AF in previously well, haemodynamically stable, young patients. Pathology testing was frequently carried out with a low yield. There were high rates of attempts to cardiovert, use of antithrombotics and of admission to hospital. Although cardioversion attempts appeared to be contrary to existing guidelines, decisions may have been based primarily on patient symptoms. Echocardiography should be considered prior to anti‐arrhythmic therapy.
Recent advances in the neurophysiology of chronic pain
Authors: Baker Kylie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe chronic pain syndrome patient has become the ‘leper’ of emergency medicine. There are no emergency medicine guidelines and minimal research into managing this challenging group of patients.Objective:  To summarize the recent advances in laboratory research into the development of chronic pain that have relevance to emergency management. When the level of supporting evidence is low, it is imperative that emergency physicians understand the physiology that underpins those expert opinions upon which they base their treatment strategies.Methods:  Literature was searched via Medline, Cochrane, Cinahl, and PsycINFO from 1996 to 2004, under ‘chronic pain and emergency management’. Medline from 1996 was searched for ‘chronic pain and prevention’, ‘chronic pain and emergency’ and ‘chronic pain’. Bibliographies were manually searched for older keynote articles.Results:  Advances in understanding the biochemical changes of chronic pain are paralleled by lesser known advances in delineation of the corticol processing.Conclusions:  Drug manipulation causes complex action and reaction in chronic pain. Emergency physicians must also optimize cognitive and behavioural aspects of treatment to successfully manage this systemic disease.
Chronic pain syndromes in the emergency department: Identifying guidelines for management
Authors: Baker Kylie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectives:  To explore current literature on chronic pain syndromes and develop ED recommendations for the management and minimalization of chronic non‐cancer pain.Methods:  A focused literature review.Results:  Chronic pain is a common presentation to the ED but is poorly understood and managed. Research into the psychophysiology of chronic pain shows that there are definite changes in the receptive and processing pathways in patients suffering chronic pain syndromes. Evidence shows the effectiveness of early recognition with multimodal treatment, however high level evidence is lacking. All experts recommend balanced drug therapy, cognitive and behavioural interventions. Certain interventions are appropriate to the ED setting.Conclusions:  Emergency Medicine lacks a cohesive, informed strategy for management of chronic pain. The proposed guidelines represent the first step toward establishing consistency in the management of patients with chronic pain syndromes. Further work needs to be undertaken at a national level in developing evidence based guidelines.
Duodenal perforation: An interesting case report
Authors: Donald Kirsten J , Doherty Steven R , Shun Albert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe a young child presenting with vomiting and altered neurological status. An incidental finding of pneumoperitoneum on abdominal X‐ray led to laparotomy and the discovery of a duodenal perforation. We describe the difficulties in making the diagnosis of duodenal perforation in children and some of the factors that led to the delay in diagnosis in this case.
Relative utility of serum troponin and the OESIL score in syncope
Authors: Hing Rosslyn , Harris Roger 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjective:  To investigate the utility of both a random troponin T level taken greater than 4 h after a syncopal event and the Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla Sincope nel Lazio (OESIL) score in predicting outcome post syncope.Methods:  We prospectively enrolled 113 adult patients who presented to our ED after a syncopal event. Each patient had a troponin T level taken at least 4 h after the event. The relevant history of the syncope, background medical history and ECG were collected at presentation. Patients were followed up via telephone after 3–6 months and medical records were also examined. The OESIL risk score was calculated for each patient and the predictive value of both the troponin T and OESIL score were analysed for their utility post syncope.Results:  Data were analysed for 100 patients. Twenty percent were believed to have a cardiac cause for their syncope. An elevated troponin T level was found to be highly specific (0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.0) for adverse cardiac outcome, but with a very low sensitivity (0.13, 95% CI 0–0.3). The OESIL risk score was found to be predictive of an adverse cardiac outcome (receiver–operating characteristic [ROC] 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.84) and return to normal function (ROC 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.86).Conclusions:  A normal serum troponin T has a poor negative predictive value for adverse cardiac outcomes following syncope. A simple risk stratification system, such as the OESIL score, can predict those patients most at risk after a syncopal episode.
Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Bickerton A S T , Clark N , Meeking D , Shaw K M , Crook M , Lumb P , Turner C , Cummings M H 
Published: January 2005

Aims:Studies have suggested that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to examine cardiovascular risk profiles in women with PCOS compared with healthy age and weight matched control subjects using novel biochemical and biophysical markers.Methods:After ethics committee approval, 11 women with PCOS and 12 controls were recruited (mean age, 32; SD, 6.5 years; mean body mass index (BMI), 33.1; SD, 5.9 kg/m2). Serum was analysed for lipid and lipoprotein profile (total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein (a)), and sialic acid, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and C reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Endothelial function was also assessed by a standard venous occlusion plethysmography technique to measure reactive hyperaemic forearm blood flow (RH), and expressed as per cent increase from baseline.Results:There were no significant differences in glucose, lipid, or lipoprotein concentrations between the two groups. Furthermore, sialic acid (PCOS: mean, 70.5; SD, 149 mg/litre; controls: mean, 71.3; SD, 112 mg/litre), fibrinogen (PCOS: mean, 3.1; SD, 1.0 g/litre; controls: mean, 3.3; SD, 0.7 g/litre), CRP (PCOS: mean, 4.6; SD, 4.2 mg/litre; controls: mean, 5.4l SD, 5.5 mg/litre), and RH (PCOS: mean, 158.7; SD, 135.5%; controls: mean, 200.1; SD, 114.2%) were similar.Conclusions:There were no differences in surrogate markers of the processes linked to enhanced cardiovascular risk between patients with PCOS and weight matched controls.
Does human papillomavirus play a role in the development of bladder transitional cell carcinoma? A comparison of PCR and immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Youshya S , Purdie K , Breuer J , Proby C , Sheaf M T , Oliver R T D , Baithun S 
Published: January 2005

Aim:To investigate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).Methods:Seventy eight paraffin wax embedded TCC samples were tested for the presence of HPV by two methods. First, immunohistochemistry was carried out using a polyclonal antibody capable of detecting the capsid protein of all known papillomaviruses. The second method was a consensus GP5+/6+ primer mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, with the products analysed by both agarose gel electrophoresis and an enzyme immunoassay using type specific oligonucleotide probes for 10 different mucosal genotypes. To exclude false negative results because of the poor quality of DNA extracted from paraffin wax embedded samples, the series was extended to include 20 further blocks for which the corresponding snap frozen unfixed tissue was available.Results:The two methods produced contrasting results, with 47 of the 78 samples positive for HPV antigen and none positive for HPV DNA. HPV DNA was not detected in the 20 additional paraffin wax embedded TCCs or in the 20 paired unfixed samples. In contrast, HPV DNA was amplified by PCR from all six of the paraffin wax embedded cervical carcinoma and anogenital wart control samples.Conclusion:The disparity between the two sets of results is probably caused by false positives resulting from the non-specificity of the polyclonal antibody used for immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that HPV is unlikely to play an aetiological role in the development of bladder TCC.
Tumour size and vascular invasion predict distant metastasis in stage I breast cancer. Grade distinguishes early and late metastasis
Authors: Westenend P J , Meurs C J C , Damhuis R A M 
Published: January 2005

Background:Recent Dutch guidelines recommend adjuvant systemic treatment (AST) for women with high grade stage I breast carcinoma ⩾1 cm. High grade is defined as Bloom and Richardson grade 3 (B&R3), Nottingham modification, or mitotic activity (MAI) ⩾10/1.59 mm2.Aims:To investigate the validity of these histological prognostic factors as the exclusive defining criteria.Materials/methods:Fifty patients with stage I breast carcinoma who developed distant metastases and 50 matched controls without metastasis were studied; none had received AST.Results:Cases more often had tumours ⩾1 cm (p = 0,019), B&R3 tumours (p = 0.059), grade 3 nuclei (p = 0.005), and vascular invasion (p = 0.007). No differences were found for MAI ⩾10 (p = 0.46). In multivariate analysis, the only significant variables were vascular invasion and tumour size (odds ratios: 8.21 and 5.35, respectively). In a separate analysis, the 50 cases were divided into 25 patients with early and 25 with late metastasis. Those with early metastasis more often had B&R3 tumours (p = 0.009) and grade 3 nuclei (p = 0.006). No differences were found for tumours ⩾1 cm, vessel invasion, or MAI ⩾10. Using the present Dutch guidelines for AST, based on B&R3, 20 cases and 11 controls would have received AST. Based on MAI ⩾10, 14 cases and 11 controls would have received AST.Conclusions:Tumour size and vessel invasion are the best prognostic factors for disease free survival in patients with stage I breast cancer. Dutch selection criteria for AST for these patients need to be improved. Some prognostic factors are time dependent, making their use as selection criteria for AST more complicated.
Ultrastructural changes in dysferlinopathy support defective membrane repair mechanism
Authors: Cenacchi G , Fanin M , De Giorgi L B , Angelini C 
Published: January 2005

Background:The dysferlin gene has recently been shown to be involved in limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and its allelic disease, Miyoshi myopathy, both of which are characterised by an active muscle degeneration and regeneration process. Dysferlin is known to play an essential role in skeletal muscle fibre repair, but the process underlying the pathogenetic mechanism of dysferlinopathy is not completely understood.Aims:To define both specific alterations of muscle fibres and a possible sequential mechanism of myopathy development.Methods:A histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis of 10 muscle biopsies from patients with molecularly diagnosed dysferlinopathy.Results:An inflammatory response was seen in most of the muscle biopsies. The immunohistochemical pattern demonstrated active regeneration and inflammation. Non-necrotic fibres showed alterations at different submicroscopic levels, namely: the sarcolemma and basal lamina, subsarcolemmal region, and sarcoplasmic compartment. In the subsarcolemmal region there were prominent aggregations of small vesicles, probably derived from the Golgi apparatus, which consisted of empty, swollen cisternae. In the sarcolemma there were many gaps and microvilli-like projections, whereas the basal lamina was multilayered.Conclusions:The histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural data show that dysferlinopathy is characterised by a very active inflammatory/degenerative process, possibly associated with an inefficient repair and regenerative system. The presence of many crowded vesicles just beneath the sarcolemma provides submicroscopical proof of a defective resealing mechanism, which fails to repair the sarcolemma.
LYVE-1 immunohistochemical assessment of lymphangiogenesis in endometrial and lung cancer: Figure 1
Authors: Koukourakis M I , Giatromanolaki A , Sivridis E , Simopoulos C , Gatter K C , Harris A L , Jackson D G 
Published: January 2005

Aims/Methods:Normal and malignant pulmonary and endometrial tissues were analysed for lymphatic vessels to assess the process of lymphangiogenesis and its role at these sites, using specific immunostaining for LYVE-1 and the panendothelial marker CD31.Results:Lymphatics were clearly demonstrated in some normal tissues (myometrium, bronchial submucosa, and intestinal submucosa), but not in others (endometrium and alveolar tissue). LYVE-1 positive lymphatic vessels were detected at the tumour periphery of endometrial and lung carcinomas, but not within the main tumour mass. Double staining for LYVE-1 and the MIB1 proliferation marker revealed a higher proliferation index in lymphatic endothelial cells at the invading front of endometrial carcinomas, compared with myometrial areas distal to the tumour. Lung and endometrial carcinomas did not have an intratumorous lymphatic network.Conclusions:Although lymphangiogenesis may occur at the invading tumour front, incorporated lymphatics do not survive. Therefore, the dissemination of cancer cells through the lymphatics may occur by invasion of peripheral cancer cells into the adjacent normal lymphatics, or through shunts eventually produced at the invading tumour front as a consequence of active angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.