bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A design technique for two‐dimensional FIR digital filters with noniterative numerical calculation
Authors: Tsuchiya Mamoru 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA novel design algorithm is proposed for two‐dimensional linear‐phase FIR digital filter approximating constant amplitude over the entire passband. The design technique proposed in this paper is an analytical method in which the filter coefficients can be obtained with noniterative numerical calculation. This design technique is based on the idea that the specified filter characteristics of the filters to be realized can be made out using the frequency response of a one‐dimensional window function with well‐known characteristics. In this paper, we present a number of design examples to illustrate the flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed technique as a comprehensive design technique. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 43–58, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10033
Direction‐of‐arrival estimation of speech using virtually generated multichannel data from two‐channel microphone array
Authors: Tanigawa Shinichi , Hamada Nozomu 
Published: November 2002

AbstractRecently, with rapid progress in multimedia technologies, hopes for a speech‐based man‐machine interface have increased. For high‐quality voice collection and acquisition of the position information of the speaker, direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation technology for voice with a microphone array has been discussed. However, one problem is large‐scale implementation of the arrays. In the present research, a new DOA estimation method for a two‐channel microphone array based on the harmonic structure of vowels is proposed. The present method has been applied in a real‐world environment and its effectiveness has been confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 33–42, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10038
Generation of physical random numbers with a variable‐capacitor parametron
Authors: Saitoh Yoshiaki , Hori Junichi , Nishimura Hiroshi , Kiryu Tohru 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn the present study, a random number generator which physically produces nonperiodic uniform random number was developed using the parametron principle. The parametron is an oscillation circuit at one‐half of the excited frequency. The phase of the parametron cannot be predicted because it depends on the noise in the parametron circuit. The random number was generated by detecting the unpredictable phase. The randomness of the data generated by the present method was confirmed by the spatial distribution and by statistical random tests. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 24–32, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10040
Cooperative communication model: Human‐robot interface based on relationship with robot
Authors: Imai Michita , Ono Tetsuo , Nakatsu Ryouhei , Anzai Yuichiro 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn conversations between two people, the listener understands the content spoken by the speaker even if the speech is hard to hear by relying on the intent of the speaker and the surroundings. In this paper, we explain the condition where the human starts to refer to the robot's intent and real‐world information in order to bring human‐robot communication closer to communication between humans. Specifically, we propose a communication model, a cooperative communication model, that focuses on the human‐robot relationship. We also conduct behavioral experiments using an actual robot to prove the validity of this model. In the experiment, we built a relationship with a human in a robot by using a computer graphics (CG) agent and examined the effect of the human‐robot relationship on the communication. We found from the experimental results that an interface that builds a relationship between a human and a robot is required in order for the intent and state of the robot to be referenced by the human. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 13–23, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10052
Estimation of chaotic ordinary differential equations by coevolutional genetic programming
Authors: Ikeda Yoshikazu 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a method of estimation of ordinary differential dynamics by Genetic Programming (GP) and discusses the accuracy of estimation. The dynamics is expressed by a tree structure and we obtain a numerical solution by carrying out digital integration (Runge‐Kutta‐Gill method) of the function system. The square error of the numerical solution and the original data is calculated and the inverse of the error is used as an evaluation of the individuals (functions) of the GP. Genetic operations such as crossover and mutation are carried out on pairs of solution candidates with high evaluation values, and the solutions (functions) are optimized. In addition, a coevolutional model that can efficiently perform simultaneous estimation of multiple functions is proposed.In the study of the estimation error, two systems, the Lorenz and Rössler systems, which are representatives of the chaotic ordinary differential model, are estimated and it is shown that a function of the same shape as the original one can be estimated in one‐function estimation, and that in multiple‐function (three‐function) estimation, the coevolutional model is effective. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 1–12, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10057
Adaptive error diffusion using fuzzy reasoning for step edges
Authors: Muneyasu Mitsuji , Oda Tetsuya , Nakata Yoshihisa , Hinamoto Takao 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWhen multivalued images are transformed to binary images, the error diffusion method is often used because it is excellent in gray scale representation. When the error diffusion method is applied by means of a raster scan, equal‐color regions with all black pixels or all white pixels occur along the edges. This phenomenon has the effect of emphasizing the edges, and the edges may be visually emphasized excessively. In this paper, in order to freely control the equal‐color regions, a method that adaptively adjusts the filter coefficients in the error diffusion method based only on the difference from the points to be processed is presented. The filter coefficients are computed by using fuzzy reasoning. According to the proposed method, the width of the equal‐color region near a step edge can be controlled adequately by providing appropriate values. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 82–90, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1135
Ambiguous loss from chronic physical illness: Clinical interventions with individuals, couples, and families
Authors: Boss Pauline , Couden Barbara A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe theory of ambiguous loss is applied to chronic illness in individuals, couples, and families. Lack of clarity about prognosis, daily physical condition, and fluctuating capabilities create relationship confusion, preoccupation with the illness, or avoidance of the ill individual. Immobilization, depression, and relationship collapse may occur in response to features of chronic illness over which there is no control. A case study illustrates helpful therapeutic interventions for couples and families with chronically ill members. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1351–1360, 2002.
Mind's response to the body's betrayal: Gestalt/existential therapy for clients with chronic or life‐threatening illnesses
Authors: Imes Suzanne A. , Clance Pauline Rose , Gailis Andra T. , Atkeson Ellen 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn the literature on chronic or life‐threatening illness, there is an overriding emphasis on clients' psychological coping styles and how they relate to psychological functioning. By contrast, in our approach, we look at the subjective mind/body experiences that clients have of their illness and how their lives are impacted by their illness. As psychotherapists, we address their existential distress, pain, body experience, thoughts, and feelings, as well as their efforts to cope or find meaning in their illness. We summarize Gestalt/Existential therapy for chronic illness, illustrate the approach with three case‐vignettes, and stress the importance of attending to each client's unique responses to illness. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1361–1373, 2002.
Chronic illness as a family process: A social‐developmental approach to promoting resilience
Authors: Shapiro Ester R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a social‐developmental approach to interventions in chronic illness using naturally occurring processes of change during family life‐cycle transitions to promote more positive developmental outcomes. Clinical interventions can help build resilience by creating a therapeutic collaboration designed to help patients improve their use of existing and new resources in multiple systems. They can then better meet demands of the illness as it impacts on shared development. A case example of a 13‐year‐old daughter with complex, chronic health problems and developmental disabilities illustrates clinical interventions designed to promote family resilience during the entry into adolescence and a transition in schooling. This approach involves focusing on the family's own definition of the current problem and relevant history, constructing a multidimensional, coherent story of the illness and its impact that recognizes stressors yet highlights strengths, and normalizing their strategies for stability under circumstances of developmental stress. These interventions with mother, daughter, and family helped improve health efficacy, communication toward mutual understanding and shared problem solving, and better use of existing and new resources to enhance current and future developmental adaptation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1375–1384, 2002.
Chronic pain: Psychological approaches for the front‐line clinician
Authors: Arena John G. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMany of the techniques and skills the average front‐line practitioner possesses (such as intake, psychological testing, cognitive behavior therapy, and relaxation therapy) can be readily and effectively applied to a chronic‐pain population. More specialized techniques for pain reduction, such as biofeedback training, can be easily learned by the generalist clinician with a minimum of additional training. In this article, four general steps to assess and reduce chronic pain are reviewed. Through careful use of the available research literature, and by consulting with a colleague who has expertise in chronic pain, most psychologists can straightforwardly begin to help individuals suffering from chronic pain. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1385–1396, 2002.
Beyond a sense of safety: A psychologist's tale of serious chronic illness
Authors: Sollod Robert N. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBased on a narrative account, this paper highlights and reviews the experiences of the author, a psychologist, experiencing a chronic illness. Areas covered include coping with doctors and medical personnel, adjusting to illness, complying, actively coping, and even, at times, resisting unwarranted medical procedures. Experiences such as loss of trust, a sense of isolation, re‐working relationships, and generative reaching‐out are also covered. Some positive consequences of chronic illness for personal growth are suggested. Suggestions for conducting psychotherapy with clients who are dealing with serious chronic illness are made. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1397–1409, 2002.
Pushing through solid rock: Words of wisdom for clinicians from four patients with life‐threatening conditions
Authors: Zucker Robert 
Published: November 2002

AbstractFour subjects living with profoundly debilitating and life‐threatening illnesses reflect on how psychotherapy has contributed to their ability to cope and survive. With frankness and eloquence they address issues related to cancer, heart disease, fibromyalgia, and AIDS. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1411–1420, 2002.
Caregiving at the end of life
Authors: Rainer Jackson P. , McMurry Patti Ellis 
Published: November 2002

AbstractMeeting the demands of chronic illness and disease states is challenging, at best. Too often, the chronicity of the illness hastens death. The physical, psychological, and sociological changes that accompany the death of an individual require attention and forethought if the life transition is to be made with elegance and grace. This article addresses the caregiving demands for the professional and familial/social support surrounding the chronically ill individual at the end of life. Focus is placed on the preparation of advance directives—legal documents that set clear boundaries for honoring the wishes of the patient. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1421–1431, 2002.
Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care
Authors: Figley Charles R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPsychotherapists who work with the chronic illness tend to disregard their own self‐care needs when focusing on the needs of clients. The article discusses the concept ofcompassion fatigue, a form of caregiver burnout among psychotherapists and contrasts it with simple burnout and countertransference. It includes a multi‐factor model of compassion fatigue that emphasizes the costs of caring, empathy, and emotional investment in helping the suffering. The model suggests that psychotherapists that limiting compassion stress, dealing with traumatic memories, and more effectively managing case loads are effective ways of avoiding compassion fatigue. The model also suggests that, to limit compassion stress, psychotherapists with chronic illness need to development methods for both enhancing satisfaction and learning to separate from the work emotionally and physically in order to feel renewed. A case study illustrates how to help someone with compassion fatigue. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1433–1441, 2002.
Inside every chronic patient is an acute patient wondering what happened
Authors: Brown, F. Marcus 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis In Session describes how chronic illness erodes connections, eludes definition, and reduces one's ability to manage daily life. The contributors compassionately and competently provide an array of perspectives, pragmatic techniques, and caveats. This concluding article seeks to integrate the articles in this issue and to deepen the clinician's ability to meet the needs of a chronically ill individual requesting psychotherapy. Particular emphasis is given to three models of psychotherapy with chronically ill individuals, care giving at the end of life, and compassion fatigue found in professionals working with this population. Multiple case examples are provided to illustrate psychotherapy and psychosocial intervention strategies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 1443–1449, 2002.
Functional imaging of the rat cervical spinal cord
Authors: Malisza Krisztina L. , Stroman Patrick W. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPurpose:To examine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the rat cervical spinal cord using painful stimulation.Materials and Methods:fMRI of the rat cervical spinal cord was performed at 9.4 T. Stimuli included injection of 25μL of capsaicin (128 μg/mL in 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)) into the right dorsal forepaw and electrical stimulation (15 V, 0.3 msec, 3 Hz) of the left dorsal forepaw.Results:Activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which is known to be associated with the transmission of pain, was found in all rats (N = 4) following injection of capsaicin into the dorsal forepaw. It was possible to reproduce the pain response in a given animal several times throughout the course of an experiment, provided that sufficient time was allowed between capsaicin injections. Regions of the spinal cord associated with motor and pain response were observed in functional imaging experiments involving subcutaneous electrical stimulation of the dorsal forepaw.Conclusion:Spinal fMRI using electrical stimulation and capsaicin‐induced painful stimulation can be a useful tool in an animal model of pain and injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;16:553–558. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acoustic noise and functional magnetic resonance imaging: Current strategies and future prospects
Authors: Amaro Edson , Williams Steve C.R. , Shergill Sukhi S. , Fu Cynthia H.Y. , MacSweeney Mairead , Picchioni Marco M. , Brammer Michael J. , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become the method of choice for studying the neural correlates of cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, the scanner produces acoustic noise during the image acquisition process, which is a problem in the study of auditory pathway and language generally. The scanner acoustic noise not only produces activation in brain regions involved in auditory processing, but also interferes with the stimulus presentation. Several strategies can be used to address this problem, including modifications of hardware and software. Although reduction of the source of the acoustic noise would be ideal, substantial hardware modifications to the current base of installed MRI systems would be required. Therefore, the most common strategy employed to minimize the problem involves software modifications. In this work we consider three main types of acquisitions: compressed, partially silent, and silent. For each implementation, paradigms using block and event‐related designs are assessed. We also provide new data, using a silent event‐related (SER) design, which demonstrate higher blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) response to a simple auditory cue when compared to a conventional image acquisition. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;16:497–510. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correction for displacement artifacts in 3D phase contrast imaging
Authors: Thunberg Per , Wigström Lars , Ebbers Tino , Karlsson Matts 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPurposeTo correct for displacement artifacts in 3D phase contrast imaging.Materials and MethodsA 3D phase contrast pulse sequence was modified so that displacements of velocity measurements were restricted to one direction. By applying a postprocessing method, displaced measurements could be traced back to their accurate positions. Flow studies were performed using a phantom that generated flow through a stenosis, directed oblique relative to the phase and frequency encoding directions. Velocity profiles and streamline visualization were used to compare displaced and corrected velocity data to a reference.ResultsVelocity profiles obtained from the original measurement showed skewed profiles due to the displacement artifact, both at close proximity to the orifice as well as further downstream. After correction, concordance with the reference improved considerably.ConclusionThe displacement artifact, which restricts the accuracy of phase contrast measurements, can be corrected for using the proposed method. Correction of the phase contrast velocity data may improve the accuracy of subsequent flow analysis and visualization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;16:591–597. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR assessment of cerebral vascular response: A comparison of two methods
Authors: Spilt Aart , Van den Boom Rivka , Kamper Adriaan M. , Blauw Gerard J. , Bollen Edward L.E.M. , van Buchem Mark A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPurposeTo compare the results and reproducibility of two MR‐based methods of measuring the cerebrovascular response (CVR).Materials and MethodsIn eight volunteers, CVR was assessed with two MR‐based methods upon a challenge with acetazolamide. CVR was assessed by measuring changes in total cerebral blood flow (TCBF) using phase contrast (PC) MRI, and by measuring perfusion MRI. To assess reproducibility the measurements were repeated after 1 week.ResultsThe average CVR with the PC‐MRI method was 46% (SD = 16%), and for perfusion MR the measured CVR was 44% (SD = 16%). The coefficient of variation (COV) for PC‐MRI was 28%, while perfusion MR had a COV of 26%. The limits of agreement between the two methods were −49% and 45%, demonstrating a lack of agreement between the two methods in terms of CVR estimation.ConclusionCVR estimates based on PC‐MRI and perfusion MRI showed reproducibility but a lack of agreement in healthy volunteers. This lack of agreement can be attributed to the different aspects of the CVR reflected by these methods: TCBF reflects changes in CBF, whereas our perfusion MRI method reflects cerebral blood volume (CBV). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;16:610–616. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single‐voxel long TE 1H‐MR spectroscopy of the normal brainstem and cerebellum
Authors: Mascalchi Mario , Brugnoli Roberto , Guerrini Laura , Belli Giacomo , Nistri Marco , Politi Letterio S. , Gavazzi Cinzia , Lolli Francesco , Argenti Giovanni , Villari Natale 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the feasibility of single voxel 1H‐MRS of the CNS structures contained in the posterior cranial fossa and to determine the distribution of the normal metabolite ratios, concentrations, and T2 relaxation times in the midbrain, pons, medulla, dentate nucleus and cerebellar vermis.Materials and Methods:A total of 147 single voxel 1H‐MR spectra with a point‐resolved proton spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) sequence and echo time (TE) of 136 or 272 msec were obtained in the midbrain, pons, medulla, dentate, and vermis of 31 healthy volunteers. In seven additional patients; the concentrations and T2 relaxation times of metabolites were obtained in the same locations (except the medulla) with an external phantom calibration method and a four TE PRESS technique.Results:Ten (27%) of 36 spectra acquired in the medulla were of poor quality. A similar ranking of the N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio and choline(Cho)/Cr ratios in the five locations for the two TEs was observed, with the highest values in the pons (mean NAA/Cr = 4.16 ± 0.6 and Cho/Cr =2.66 ± 0.6 at TE 272) and the lowest values in the dentate and vermis (mean NAA/Cr = 1.66 ± 0.2 and Cho/Cr = 1.20 ± 0.2 at TE 272). The analysis of variance showed significant regional differences of the NAA and Cr concentrations, which had the highest values in the dentate. Non‐significant regional differences were observed for the concentration of Cho and for the T2 of the metabolites.Conclusion:With the exception of the medulla, single voxel 1H‐MRS enables an in vivo biochemical analysis of the CNS structures contained in the posterior cranial fossa. Regional differences in the metabolite ratios and concentrations must be considered when employing 1H‐MRS for evaluation of diseases of the brainstem and cerebellum. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;16:532–537. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.