bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opinnäytetyön opit
Authors: Kivimäki Sanna 
Published: December 2023

Opinnäytetyön ohjaus on opiskeltava taito ja tutkimuksellisesti kiinnostava vuorovaikutustilanne, johon oppaat tarjoavat tukea. Ne voi jakaa karkeasti kolmeen tyyppiin: 1) perustutkinto-opiskelijoille tarkoitetut oppaat, 2) väitöskirjatutkijoille tarkoitetut teokset ja 3) ohjausta käsittelevät tutkimukset ja ohjauksen oppaat. Kirjoittajien taustat vaihtelevat kielen ja kirjoittamisen asiantuntemuksesta kasvatustieteiden kautta opintopsykologiaan. Useissa teoksissa pyritään tiettyyn yleisyysasteeseen eli huomaamaan, että prosesseja koskevat ongelmat ovat usein samankaltaisia alasta riippumatta. Oppaissa valaistaan paljon itse prosessia ja siihen sisältyviä tunteita. Koska akateemisen kirjoittamisen muotoseikat selviävät esimerkiksi digipalveluista ja oppilaitosten omista ohjeistuksista, kirjallisuuden onkin syytä keskittyä kaikkeen siihen, mikä jää muodollisen ohjeistuksen ulkopuolelle.
Tieteen yleistajuistaminen vahvistaa osallisuutta sivistysyhteiskunnassa
Authors: Isopahkala-Bouret Ulpukka 
Published: December 2023

Jos pidetään tärkeänä, että yhteiskunnallinen keskustelu ja päätöksenteko perustuvat tutkittuun tietoon, tiedon on oltava mahdollisimman avoimesti kaikkien saatavilla. Tutkimustiedon on myös avauduttava riittävästi niillekin, jotka eivät itse kuulu tiedeyhteisöön. Yhteistä sivistyspääomaa kasvattamaan tarvitaan tieteen yleistajuistamista. Yleistajuisen tieteen julkaiseminen auttaa samalla uutismediaa levittämään monipuolisesti tietoa asioista ja ilmiöistä.
Diagnostic value of high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in dialysis patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhao Kun , Shen Bozhi , Wei Hongcheng , Lu Rongsheng , Liu Yifan , Xu Chenchen , Cai Haoran , Huang Yanhong , Li Peng , Ye Xiaoman , Li Yong 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundAs a sensitive diagnostic marker for myocardial infarction (MI) in people with normal renal function, elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was often found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients requiring dialysis. However, the accuracy of baseline hs-cTnT in the diagnosis of MI (including Type 1 MI (T1MI) and Type 2 MI (T2MI)) in dialysis patients is still controversial. The aim of this study was to retrospectively explore whether there were any clinical indices that could increase the predictive value of hs-cTnT on admission for MI occurrence in dialysis patients.MethodsHere, 136 patients with uremia who underwent regular dialysis with coronary angiography in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2017 to October 2021 were enrolled. According to the coronary angiography results and the presence of clinical symptoms, the patients were divided into: (1). AMI group (n = 69; angiography positive) and Control group (n = 67; angiography negative); (2). T1MI group (n = 69; angiography positive), T2MI group (n = 7; angiography negative &amp; symptomatic), and Control group (n = 60; angiography negative &amp; asymptomatic).ResultsHere, we found the mean hs-cTnT on admission in the Control group was much lower than that in the AMI group. Hs-cTnT alone had a mediocre predictive performance, with an AUROC of 0.7958 (95% CI: 0.7220, 0.8696). Moreover, the ROC curve of hs-cTnT combined with the Triglyceride (TG), Time of dialysis, and Albumin (Alb) showed a higher sensitivity area [0.9343 (95% CI: 0.8901, 0.9786)] than that of single hs-cTnT. Next, hs-cTnT combined with the TG, Time of dialysis, and Alb also presented a better performance in predicting T1MI [0.9150 (95% CI: 0.8678, 0.9621)] or T2MI (0.9167 [0.9167 (95% CI: 0.8427, 0.9906)] occurrences. Last, these combined variables could better distinguish patient between T1MI and T2MI group than hs-cTnT alone.ConclusionsOn admission, a combination of hs-cTnT, TG, Time of dialysis, and Alb presented a higher sensitivity than hs-cTnT alone in predicting MI occurrence in dialysis patients, suggesting a better diagnostic approach for future clinical applications.
Body composition and sexual hormones for the glucose control of autoimmune diabetes in males: are they necessary to predict diabetes-related complications?
Authors: García Ramírez Mireia , Rebollo Román Ángel , Palomares Ortega Rafael , Alonso-Echague Rosario , Calle-Castro María Luisa , Gálvez Moreno María Ángeles , Molina Puerta María José , Herrera-Martínez Aura D. 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundGlucose control in diabetes is essential for avoiding diabetes-related complications.AimTo determine the impact of body composition and sexual hormones in glucose control and diabetes-related complications, in males with autoimmune diabetes.Patients and methodsThirty-nine patients with autoimmune diabetes and flash glucose monitoring were included. A morphofunctional nutritional evaluation with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), abdominal adipose tissue ultrasound, rectus femoris ultrasound and biochemical parameters, was performedResultsStrong, positive correlations were observed between body composition parameters, biochemical variables and sexual hormones (p&lt;0.05). Adipose tissue measured by BIVA and ultrasound was more significantly associated with glucose control (including time in range &gt;70%, glucose variability &lt;36% determined by flash glucose monitoring; p&lt;0.05) and the presence of microvascular/macrovascular complications (p&lt;0.05) than lean mass. After adjusting by the duration of diabetes, BMI, abdominal circumference, fat mass and phase angle increased the risk for microvascular complications (OR 1.32(1.00 – 1.73), OR 1.06(1.00 – 1.12), OR 1.14(1.01 – 1.20), 0R 0.3(0.10 – 0.91) respectively; for macrovascular complications: BMI OR 1.38(1.04 – 1.84) and fat mass OR 1.26(1.00 – 1.58)]. Sexual hormone levels did not influence on glucose control or the development of diabetes-related complications.ConclusionAnthrpometric parameters, especially adipose tissue, were associated with glucose control and variability determined by flash glucose monitoring. Furthermore, changes in fat and lean mass were associated with the presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Thus, a comprehensive nutritional evaluation might be useful for the evaluation of males with autoimmune diabetes, in order to identify patients with increased risk of complications.
Two-sample Mendelian randomization study reveals no causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and urological cancers
Authors: Zhang Haoyang , Hu Can , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Peng , Shen Gang , Sun Jiale 
Published: December 2023

Background: The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and urological cancers has been identified in epidemiological and observational studies, while the causality remains uncertain. We examined whether IBD is causally associated with urological cancers in a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.Methods: The causal relationship between IBD, its main subtypes, and urological cancers was investigated using genome-wide association study data. To obtain more reliable conclusions, all outcomes were divided into training and validation sets. Eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected as instrumental variables based on MR analysis assumptions. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was employed as the main method along with four other complementary methods.Results: In this two-sample MR study, no genetic evidence for the causal effect of IBD on urological cancers was found in either the training or validation sets using the IVW method. Similarly, we did not observe any significant association between Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis and urological cancers. The results of the other methods are in accordance with those obtained using the IVW method.Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that IBD is not a causal genetic risk factor for urological cancer in a European population.
Cardiometabolic health across menopausal years is linked to white matter hyperintensities up to a decade later
Authors: Schindler Louise S. , Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Ambikairajah Ananthan , Barth Claudia , Crestol Arielle , Voldsbekk Irene , Beck Dani , Gurholt Tiril P. , Topiwala Anya , Suri Sana , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Andreassen Ole A. , Draganski Bogdan , Westlye Lars T. , de Lange Ann-Marie G. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe menopause transition is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors. Poor cardiometabolic health is further linked to microvascular brain lesions, which can be detected as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) using T2-FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Females show higher risk for WMHs post-menopause, but it remains unclear whether changes in cardiometabolic risk factors underlie menopause-related increase in brain pathology.MethodsIn this study, we assessed whether cross-sectional measures of cardiometabolic health, including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood lipids, blood pressure, and long-term blood glucose (HbA1c), as well as longitudinal changes in BMI and WHR, differed according to menopausal status at baseline in 9,882 UK Biobank females (age range 40–70 years, n premenopausal = 3,529, n postmenopausal = 6,353). Furthermore, we examined whether these cardiometabolic factors were associated with WMH outcomes at the follow-up assessment, on average 8.78 years after baseline.ResultsPostmenopausal females showed higher levels of baseline blood lipids (HDL β = 0.14, p &lt; 0.001, LDL β = 0.20, p &lt; 0.001, triglycerides β = 0.12, p &lt; 0.001) and HbA1c (β = 0.24, p &lt; 0.001) compared to premenopausal women, beyond the effects of age. Over time, BMI increased more in the premenopausal compared to the postmenopausal group (β = −0.08, p &lt; 0.001), while WHR increased to a similar extent in both groups (β = −0.03, p = 0.102). The change in WHR was however driven by increased waist circumference only in the premenopausal group. While the group level changes in BMI and WHR were in general small, these findings point to distinct anthropometric changes in pre- and postmenopausal females over time. Higher baseline measures of BMI, WHR, triglycerides, blood pressure, and HbA1c, as well as longitudinal increases in BMI and WHR, were associated with larger WMH volumes (β range = 0.03–0.13, p ≤ 0.002). HDL showed a significant inverse relationship with WMH volume (β = −0.27, p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionOur findings emphasise the importance of monitoring cardiometabolic risk factors in females from midlife through the menopause transition and into the postmenopausal phase, to ensure improved cerebrovascular outcomes in later years.
Signaling network analysis reveals fostamatinib as a potential drug to control platelet hyperactivation during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Osmanoglu Özge , Gupta Shishir K. , Almasi Anna , Yagci Seray , Srivastava Mugdha , Araujo Gabriel H. M. , Nagy Zoltan , Balkenhol Johannes , Dandekar Thomas 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionPro-thrombotic events are one of the prevalent causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions among COVID-19 patients, although the signaling events in the stimulated platelets are still unclear.MethodsWe conducted a comparative analysis of platelet transcriptome data from healthy donors, ICU, and non-ICU COVID-19 patients to elucidate these mechanisms. To surpass previous analyses, we constructed models of involved networks and control cascades by integrating a global human signaling network with transcriptome data. We investigated the control of platelet hyperactivation and the specific proteins involved.ResultsOur study revealed that control of the platelet network in ICU patients is significantly higher than in non-ICU patients. Non-ICU patients require control over fewer proteins for managing platelet hyperactivity compared to ICU patients. Identification of indispensable proteins highlighted key subnetworks, that are targetable for system control in COVID-19-related platelet hyperactivity. We scrutinized FDA-approved drugs targeting indispensable proteins and identified fostamatinib as a potent candidate for preventing thrombosis in COVID-19 patients.DiscussionOur findings shed light on how SARS-CoV-2 efficiently affects host platelets by targeting indispensable and critical proteins involved in the control of platelet activity. We evaluated several drugs for specific control of platelet hyperactivity in ICU patients suffering from platelet hyperactivation. The focus of our approach is repurposing existing drugs for optimal control over the signaling network responsible for platelet hyperactivity in COVID-19 patients. Our study offers specific pharmacological recommendations, with drug prioritization tailored to the distinct network states observed in each patient condition. Interactive networks and detailed results can be accessed at https://fostamatinib.bioinfo-wuerz.eu/.
An integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptome and bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis identified C1Q as a novel stimulated risk gene for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Cui Hong-Kai , Tang Chao-Jie , Gao Yu , Li Zi-Ang , Zhang Jian , Li Yong-Dong 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe role of complement component 1q (C1Q) related genes on human atherosclerotic plaques (HAP) is less known. Our aim is to establish C1Q associated hub genes using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA analysis to diagnose and predict HAP patients more effectively and investigate the association between C1Q and HAP (ischemic stroke) using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsHAP scRNA-seq and bulk-RNA data were download from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The C1Q-related hub genes was screened using the GBM, LASSO and XGBoost algorithms. We built machine learning models to diagnose and distinguish between types of atherosclerosis using generalized linear models and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses. Further, we scored the HALLMARK_COMPLEMENT signaling pathway using ssGSEA and confirmed hub gene expression through qRT-PCR in RAW264.7 macrophages and apoE-/- mice. Furthermore, the risk association between C1Q and HAP was assessed through bidirectional MR analysis, with C1Q as exposure and ischemic stroke (IS, large artery atherosclerosis) as outcomes. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main method.ResultsWe utilized scRNA-seq dataset (GSE159677) to identify 24 cell clusters and 12 cell types, and revealed seven C1Q associated DEGs in both the scRNA-seq and GEO datasets. We then used GBM, LASSO and XGBoost to select C1QA and C1QC from the seven DEGs. Our findings indicated that both training and validation cohorts had satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for identifying patients with HPAs. Additionally, we confirmed SPI1 as a potential TF responsible for regulating the two hub genes in HAP. Our analysis further revealed that the HALLMARK_COMPLEMENT signaling pathway was correlated and activated with C1QA and C1QC. We confirmed high expression levels of C1QA, C1QC and SPI1 in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages and apoE-/- mice using qPCR. The results of MR indicated that there was a positive association between the genetic risk of C1Q and IS, as evidenced by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.118 (95%CI: 1.013–1.234, P = 0.027).ConclusionThe authors have effectively developed and validated a novel diagnostic signature comprising two genes for HAP, while MR analysis has provided evidence supporting a favorable association of C1Q on IS.
Distinctive features of Zaprionus indianus hemocyte differentiation and function revealed by transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Cinege Gyöngyi , Magyar Lilla B. , Kovács Henrietta , Varga Viktória , Bodai László , Zsindely Nóra , Nagy Gábor , Hegedűs Zoltán , Hultmark Dan , Andó István 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundInsects have specialized cell types that participate in the elimination of parasites, for instance, the lamellocytes of the broadly studied species Drosophila melanogaster. Other drosophilids, such as Drosophila ananassae and the invasive Zaprionus indianus, have multinucleated giant hemocytes, a syncytium of blood cells that participate in the encapsulation of the eggs or larvae of parasitoid wasps. These cells can be formed by the fusion of hemocytes in circulation or originate from the lymph gland. Their ultrastructure highly resembles that of the mammalian megakaryocytes.MethodsMorphological, protein expressional, and functional features of blood cells were revealed using epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. The respective hemocyte subpopulations were identified using monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Escherichia coli bacteria were used in phagocytosis tests. Gene expression analysis was performed following mRNA sequencing of blood cells.ResultsD. ananassae and Z. indianus encapsulate foreign particles with the involvement of multinucleated giant hemocytes and mount a highly efficient immune response against parasitoid wasps. Morphological, protein expressional, and functional assays of Z. indianus blood cells suggested that these cells could be derived from large plasmatocytes, a unique cell type developing specifically after parasitoid wasp infection. Transcriptomic analysis of blood cells, isolated from naïve and wasp-infected Z. indianus larvae, revealed several differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction, cell movements, encapsulation of foreign targets, energy production, and melanization, suggesting their role in the anti-parasitoid response. A large number of genes that encode proteins associated with coagulation and wound healing, such as phenoloxidase activity factor-like proteins, fibrinogen-related proteins, lectins, and proteins involved in the differentiation and function of platelets, were constitutively expressed. The remarkable ultrastructural similarities between giant hemocytes and mammalian megakaryocytes, and presence of platelets, and giant cell-derived anucleated fragments at wound sites hint at the involvement of this cell subpopulation in wound healing processes, in addition to participation in the encapsulation reaction.ConclusionOur observations provide insights into the broad repertoire of blood cell functions required for efficient defense reactions to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. The analysis of the differentiation and function of multinucleated giant hemocytes gives an insight into the diversification of the immune mechanisms.
Bronchial obstruction in osteogenesis imperfecta can be detected by forced oscillation technique
Authors: Storoni Silvia , Verdonk Sara J. E. , Micha Dimitra , Jak Patrick M. C. , Bugiani Marianna , Eekhoff Elisabeth M. W. , van den Aardweg Joost G. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionRespiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). However, evaluating pulmonary function in OI presents challenges. Commonly used pulmonary function tests such as spirometry and body plethysmography are sometimes difficult to perform for OI patients, and reference intervals are not always applicable. The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a patient-friendly method for detecting respiratory abnormalities that requires no effort from the patient.ObjectiveThis study investigates the feasibility of FOT in the evaluation of respiratory function in the clinical management of OI patients.MethodsTwelve OI patients, comprising eight with Sillence OI I, two with OI IV, and two with OI III, underwent spirometry, body plethysmography, and FOT, both pre-and post-administration of salbutamol.ResultsFOT measurements exhibited consistent trends that aligned with spirometry and body plethysmography findings. The resistance at 8 Hz decreased after the administration of salbutamol, indicating that FOT is able to detect bronchial obstruction and its alleviation by medication (p &lt; 0.05). The resonant frequency during expiration was higher than during inspiration in nearly all patients, suggesting obstructive disease. The technique gives insight into both inspiratory and expiratory impairment of pulmonary ventilation. The main FOT parameters showed a relatively high repeatability in duplicate measurements.ConclusionBronchial obstruction can be detected by FOT in patients with OI during quiet breathing, making it an easily executable alternative to other lung function measurements. The technique can detect the bronchodilator effect of sympathomimetic medication. It has the potential to provide information on expiratory flow limitation, pulmonary restriction, and reduced lung compliance.
Assessing the impact of transfusion thresholds in patients with septic acute kidney injury: a retrospective study
Authors: Ruan Xiangyuan , Wang Baoxin , Gao Yifan , Wu Jinmei , Yu Xueshu , Liang Chenglong , Pan Jingye 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundSepsis is a severe condition that often leads to complications such as acute kidney injury, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality rates. Septic AKI (S-AKI) is common in ICU patients and is associated with poor outcomes. However, there is no consensus on the optimal transfusion threshold for achieving the best clinical results. This retrospective study aims to investigate the relationship between different transfusion thresholds during hospitalization and the prognosis of septic AKI.MethodsData from patients with S-AKI was extracted from MIMIC-IV. Based on the lowest hemoglobin level 24 h before transfusion, patients were divided into high-threshold (≥7 g/L) and low-threshold (&lt;7 g/L) groups. We compared the outcomes between these two groups, including hospital and ICU mortality rates as primary outcomes, and 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days mortality rates, as well as duration of stay in ICU and hospital as secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 5,654 patients were included in our study. Baseline characteristics differed significantly between the two groups, with patients in the low-threshold group generally being younger and having higher SOFA scores. After performing propensity score matching, no significant differences in survival rates were found between the groups. However, patients in the low-threshold group had a longer overall hospital stay.ConclusionA lower transfusion threshold does not impact the mortality rate in S-AKI patients, but it may lead to a longer hospital stay.
Association between pre-ICU statin use and ARDS mortality in the MIMIC-IV database: a cohort study
Authors: Mao Hui , Yu Yi , Wang Qianqian , Li Hengjie 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, treatment options for ARDS are suboptimal.MethodsThis study encompassed patients diagnosed with ARDS from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Pre-intensive care unit (ICU) statin use was assessed as the exposure variable. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted to evaluate mortality at 30 and 90 days. Adjusted multivariable Cox models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios. Subgroup analyses and propensity score-matching (PSM) were undertaken for further validation.ResultsOur study comprised 10,042 participants diagnosed with ARDS, with an average age of 61.8 ± 15.3 years. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly lower prevalence of mortality at 30 and 90 days in individuals who used statins before ICU admission. Adjusted multivariable Cox models consistently showed a significant decrease in mortality prevalence associated with pre-ICU statin use. After accounting for confounding factors, patients who used statins before ICU admission experienced a 39% reduction in 30-day mortality and 38% reduction in 90-day mortality. We found a significant decrease in ICU stay (0.84 days) for those who used statins before ICU admission. These results were supported by subgroup analyses and PSM.ConclusionThis large cohort study provides evidence supporting the association between pre-ICU statin use, reduced risk of death, and shorter ICU stay in patients with ARDS, thereby suggesting the potential benefits of statin use in critically ill patients.