bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding the “Fingerprint” of Implant Materials: Insights into the Foreign Body Reaction
Authors: Chen Yangmengfan , Luo Zeyu , Meng Weikun , Liu Kai , Chen Qiqing , Cai Yongrui , Ding Zichuan , Huang Chao , Zhou Zongke , Jiang Meng , Zhou Liqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractForeign body reaction (FBR) is a prevalent yet often overlooked pathological phenomenon, particularly within the field of biomedical implantation. The presence of FBR poses a heavy burden on both the medical and socioeconomic systems. This review seeks to elucidate the protein “fingerprint” of implant materials, which is generated by the physiochemical properties of the implant materials themselves. In this review, the activity of macrophages, the formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), and the development of fibrosis capsules in the context of FBR are introduced. Additionally, the relationship between various implant materials and FBR is elucidated in detail, as is an overview of the existing approaches and technologies employed to alleviate FBR. Finally, the significance of implant components (metallic materials and non‐metallic materials), surface CHEMISTRY (charge and wettability), and physical characteristics (topography, roughness, and stiffness) in establishing the protein “fingerprint” of implant materials is also well documented. In conclusion, this review aims to emphasize the importance of FBR on implant materials and provides the current perspectives and approaches in developing implant materials with anti‐FBR properties.
Suppressing Redox Reactions at the Perovskite‐Nickel Oxide Interface with Zinc Nitride to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mann Dilpreet Singh , Kwon Sung‐Nam , Thakur Sakshi , Patil Pramila , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Na Seok‐In 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), nickel oxide (NiOx) hole transport layers (HTLs) are the preferred interfacial layer due to their low cost, high mobility, high transmittance, and stability. However, the redox reaction between the Ni≥3+ and hydroxyl groups in the NiOx and perovskite layer leads to oxidized CH3NH3+ and reacts with PbI in the perovskite, resulting in a large number of non‐radiative recombination sites. Among various transition metals, an ultra‐thin zinc nitride (Zn3N2) layer on the NiOx surface is chosen to prevent these redox reactions and interfacial issues using a simple solution process at low temperatures. The redox reaction and non‐radiative recombination at the interface of the perovskite and NiOx reduce chemically by using interface modifier Zn3N2 to reduce hydroxyl group and defects on the surface of NiOx. A thin layer of Zn3N2 at the NiOx/perovskite interface results in a high Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio and a significant work function (WF), which inhibits the redox reaction and provides a highly aligned energy level with perovskite crystal and rigorous trap‐passivation ability. Consequently, Zn3N2‐modified NiOx‐based PSCs achieve a champion PCE of 21.61%, over the NiOx‐based PSCs. After Zn3N2 modification, the PSC can improve stability under several conditions.
Gas Therapy: Generating, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ghaffari‐Bohlouli Pejman , Jafari Hafez , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Alimoradi Houman , Nie Lei , Jiang Guohua , Kakkar Ashok , Shavandi Amin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen (H2) with direct effects, and carbon dioxide (CO2) with complementary effects on the condition of various diseases are known as therapeutic gases. The targeted delivery and in situ generation of these therapeutic gases with controllable release at the site of disease has attracted attention to avoid the risk of gas poisoning and improve their performance in treating various diseases such as cancer therapy, cardiovascular therapy, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Stimuli‐responsive gas‐generating sources and delivery systems based on biomaterials that enable on‐demand and controllable release are promising approaches for precise gas therapy. This work highlights current advances in the design and development of new approaches and systems to generate and deliver therapeutic gases at the site of disease with on‐demand release behavior. The performance of the delivered gases in various biomedical applications is then discussed.
Therapeutic management of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Zeng Jing , Fan Jian‐Gao , Francque Sven M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe incidence and prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been steadily increasing worldwide, with a huge societal and economic burden. Recently, NAFLD and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis have been renamed and redefined as metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatohepatitis (Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)), which result from an imbalance between metabolic and inflammatory stress (mainly as a consequence of adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance) and the defence and repair mechanisms of the steatotic liver. Once MASLD progresses to end‐stage of liver disease, treatment efficacy becomes limited and may require liver transplantation. Early detection and intervention are crucial. Lifestyle modification is consequently the cornerstone of its management. Timely consideration of bariatric surgeries should be given to patients meeting specific criteria. A multidisciplinary approach is warranted, starting from the concept that MASLD/MASH is at the centre of the cardiovascular‐liver‐metabolic syndrome. In some cases, pharmacological treatment can complement lifestyle modification. Several drugs used to treat the cardiometabolic co‐morbidities have some potential efficacy in slowing Down disease progression, and some have demonstrated efficacy on histological endpoints that are likely to translate into long‐term clinical benefits. Optimising the use of these drugs within their licenced indications is thus paramount for patients with MASLD. Several MASH‐specific drugs are on the horizon and are likely to enrich our therapeutic armamentarium in the near future, particularly in non‐cirrhotic stages of the disease. Much work still needs to be done to understand the specific features of MASH cirrhosis and develop efficacious treatments for this disease stage.
Single‐port robotic subcostal major pulmonary resection using the single‐port robotic system
Authors: Lee Jun Hee , Hong Jeong In , Kim Hyun Koo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe da Vinci single‐port system (SPS) (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was designed for single‐port (SP) surgery. Although we have reported our clinical outcomes using the SPS for a simple procedure in general thoracic surgery, major pulmonary resection had been performed only in cadaveric experiments to date. This study evaluated the feasibility of SP subcostal robotic major pulmonary resection using the SPS. Here, we present our initial clinical experience of SP subcostal robotic major pulmonary resection at our institution.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with lung cancer underwent SP major subcostal pulmonary resection using the SPS between March and November 2022. Patient characteristics, intraoperative and perioperative outcomes were assessed. Questionnaires were used to evaluate patient satisfaction with the cosmetic results and quality of life through face‐to‐face or telephone interviews on postoperative day 30.ResultsAll patients underwent major pulmonary resection with complete radical resection (R0). Nineteen patients underwent lobectomy, whereas six patients underwent segmentectomy. The mean docking time and total operative time were 4.16 ± 1.19 min (range, 2.3–7.8 min) and 197.6 ± 55.33 min (range, 130–313 min), respectively. No patients underwent conversion to open thoracotomy. One patient required an additional assistant port due to severe pleural adhesions.ConclusionsSP subcostal robotic major pulmonary resection using the SPS is feasible and safe. With the continuous development of robotic technology and surgical techniques, we believe that more complex general thoracic surgeries will be performed in the future using SPS.
The Role of Fundamental Modeling
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe difference between empirical and basic modeling and its significance is explained. The types of basic models that have been possible to develop and that are describe in the book are summarized. The starting point is a basic model for the dislocation density that is used to derive expression for tensile and creep properties. It is described how the accuracy of the basic models can be verified. For the creep models it is described that they are applicable over a wide range of temperatures and stresses that is of great value to identify operating mechanisms.
Cavitation
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCavitation is of great technical importance. Nucleated cavities grow and link to form cracks that can cause rupture. During creep, cavities are initiated in the grain boundaries. The nucleation takes place at particles or at subboundary—grain boundary junctions. The main mechanism is believed to be grain boundary sliding (GBS), Chap. 9. According to the double ledge model, cavities are formed when the particles or subboundaries meet other subboundaries. With this assumption quantitative models for cavity nucleation can be derived. They show that the nucleated number of cavities is proportional to the creep strain in good accordance with observations. Cavities can grow by diffusion or by straining. It is important to take into account that cavities cannot grow faster than the surrounding creeping matrix, which is referred to as constrained growth. Otherwise the growth rate can be significantly overestimated. Models both for diffusion and strain controlled growth have been available for a long time. A recently developed model for strain controlled growth is presented based on GBS. It has the advantage that is associated with a well-defined initiation size of cavities and that constrained growth is automatically taken into account, features that some previous strain controlled models miss.
Creep Ductility
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor a number of creep resistant steels, the creep ductiliy decreases with increasing temperature and time. As a function of stress, the ductiity is often describe with an S-shaped curve with an upper and a lower shelf level. As a function of time, the S-shape is inverted. If the ductility is high, the rupture is referred to as ductile, and for low ductility levels as brittle. Ductile rupture is believed to be due to a plastic instability such as necking. Brittle rupture on the other hand is controlled by the nucleation, growth and linkage of creep cavities. With the help of the basic models for creep deformation and cavitation, the rupture stress and ductility can be predicted. Several models exist for the influence of multiaxiality on the creep ductility. Although the models are based on different principles, they predict approximately the same behavior, which is verified by comparison to rupture data for notched bars.
How do schools influence the emotional and behavioural health of their pupils? A multi-level analysis of 135 schools in the Born in Bradford inner city multi-ethnic birth cohort
Authors: Lewer Dan , Gilbody Simon , Lewis Gemma , Pryce Joseph , Santorelli Gillian , Wadman Ruth , Watmuff Aidan , Wright John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To estimate variation in emotional and behavioural problems between primary schools in Bradford, an ethnically diverse and relatively deprived city in the UK.

Methods
We did a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 2017 to 2021 as part of the ‘Born In Bradford’ birth cohort study. We used multilevel linear regression in which the dependent variable was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) total score, with a random intercept for schools. We adjusted for pupil-level characteristics including age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and parental mental health.

Results
The study included 5,036 participants from 135 schools. Participants were aged 7–11 years and 56% were of Pakistani heritage. The mean SDQ score was 8.84 out of a maximum 40. We estimated that the standard deviation in school-level scores was 1.41 (95% CI 1.11–1.74) and 5.49% (95% CI 3.19–9.37%) of variation was explained at school level. After adjusting for pupil characteristics, the standard deviation of school-level scores was 1.04 (95% CI 0.76–1.32) and 3.51% (95% CI 1.75–6.18%) of variation was explained at school level. Simulation suggested that a primary school with 396 pupils at the middle of the distribution has 63 pupils (95% CI 49–78) with a ‘raised’ SDQ score of 15 + /40; and shifting a school from the lower to the upper quartile would prevent 26 cases (95% CI 5–46).

Conclusion
The prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems varies between schools. This is partially explained by pupil characteristics; though residual variation in adjusted scores may suggest that schools have a differential impact on mental wellbeing.
Milk microbiome transplantation: recolonizing donor milk with mother's own milk microbiota
Authors: Stinson Lisa F. , Ma Jie , Lai Ching Tat , Rea Alethea , Perrella Sharon L. , Geddes Donna T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) provides myriad nutritional and immunological benefits for preterm and low birthweight infants. However, pasteurization leaves DHM devoid of potentially beneficial milk microbiota. In the present study, we performed milk microbiome transplantation from freshly collected mother’s own milk (MOM) into pasteurized DHM. Small volumes of MOM (5%, 10%, or 30% v/v) were inoculated into pasteurized DHM and incubated at 37 °C for up to 8 h. Further, we compared microbiome recolonization in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM, as UV-C treatment has been shown to conserve important biochemical components of DHM that are lost during Holder pasteurization. Bacterial culture and viability-coupled metataxonomic sequencing were employed to assess the effectiveness of milk microbiome transplantation. Growth of transplanted MOM bacteria occurred rapidly in recolonized DHM samples; however, a greater level of growth was observed in Holder-pasteurized DHM compared to UV-C-treated DHM, potentially due to the conserved antimicrobial properties in UV-C-treated DHM. Viability-coupled metataxonomic analysis demonstrated similarity between recolonized DHM samples and fresh MOM samples, suggesting that the milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into pasteurized DHM. These results highlight the potential of MOM microbiota transplantation to restore the microbial composition of UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized DHM and enhance the nutritional and immunological benefits of DHM for preterm and vulnerable infants.

Key points
• Mother’s own milk microbiome can be successfully transplanted into donor human milk.
• Recolonization is equally successful in UV-C-treated and Holder-pasteurized milk.
• Recolonization time should be restricted due to rapid bacterial growth.

Graphical Abstract
Association between vitamin D status, physical performance, sex, and lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling Kosovar adults aged 40 years and older
Authors: Krasniqi Ermira , Boshnjaku Arben , Ukëhaxhaj Antigona , Wagner Karl-Heinz , Wessner Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Vitamin D status and its association with age-related decline in physical performance and strength have already been highlighted in various ways, but data on the situation in developing countries are scarce. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status, its association with muscle mass and function, and other potential determinants such as age, sex, lifestyle factors (physical activity, dietary behavior), self-perceived health status, medication intake, education and financial situation in adults from Kosovo.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 297 participants (54.5% women), aged ≥ 40 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration, hand grip strength and physical performance tests, body composition, vitamin D dietary intake and knowledge were assessed. The interaction between serum 25(OH)D status, lifestyle factors and muscle traits was investigated.

Results
Vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was observed in 47.5% of the total population, of whom 14.7% of them were severely deficient (< 30 nmol/L). No associations were found between 25(OH)D concentration and age. Daily dietary intake of vitamin D was low (1.89 ± 0.67 µg) and 87.6% of individuals did not take vitamin D supplements. However, vitamin D supplementation was the only variable that added statistical significance (p < 0.05) to the prediction of vitamin D status (3.8%). On the other hand, age, medication intake and vitamin D level contributed significantly to the overall regression model, explaining 24.9% of the 30-s chair stand performance as an indicator of lower-body strength endurance.

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among community-dwelling adults in Kosovo and low serum 25(OH)D has been associated with low muscle strength. This implies an urgent need for the development of comprehensive prevention strategies, focusing on pharmacological (supplementation) but also on non-pharmacological strategies such as education, food fortification or lifestyle advices.
Novel functions of the anion exchanger AE4 (SLC4A9)
Authors: Vitzthum Helga , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine , Ehmke Heimo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe kidney plays a crucial role in acid-base homeostasis. In the distal nephron, α-intercalated cells contribute to urinary acid (H+) secretion and β-intercalated cells accomplish urinary base (HCO3-) secretion. β-intercalated cells regulate the acid base status through modulation of the apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) activity. In this review, we summarize and discuss our current knowledge of the physiological role of the renal transporter AE4 (SLC4A9). The AE4, as cation-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, is exclusively expressed in the basolateral membrane of β-intercalated cells and is essential for the sensing of metabolic acid-base disturbances in mice, but not for renal sodium reabsorption and plasma volume control. Potential intracellular signaling pathways are discussed that might link basolateral acid-base sensing through the AE4 to apical pendrin activity.
Plasma cell-free DNA as a sensitive biomarker for multi-cancer detection and immunotherapy outcomes prediction
Authors: Xu Juqing , Chen Haiming , Fan Weifei , Qiu Mantang , Feng Jifeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has shown promise in detecting various cancers, but the diagnostic performance of cfDNA end motifs for multiple cancer types requires verification. This study aimed to assess the utility of cfDNA end motifs for multi-cancer detection.

Methods
This study included 206 participants: 106 individuals with cancer, representing 20 cancer types, and 100 healthy individuals. The participants were divided into training and testing cohorts. All plasma cfDNA samples were profiled by whole-genome sequencing. A random forest model was constructed using cfDNA 4 bp-end-motif profiles to predict cancer in the training cohort, and its performance was evaluated in the testing cohort. Additionally, a separate random forest model was developed to predict immunotherapy responses.

Results
In the training cohort, the model based on 4 bp-end-motif profiles achieved an AUC of 0.962 (95% CI 0.936–0.987). The AUC in the testing cohort was 0.983 (95% CI 0.960–1.000). The model also maintained excellent predictive ability in different tumor sub-cohorts, including lung cancer (AUC 0.918, 95% CI 0.862–0.974), gastrointestinal cancer (AUC 0.966, 95% CI 0.938–0.993), and other cancer cohort (AUC 0.859, 95% CI 0.776–0.942). Moreover, the model utilizing 4 bp-end-motif profiles exhibited sensitivity in identifying responders to immunotherapy (AUC 0.784, 95% CI 0.609–0.960).

Conclusion
The model based on 4 bp-end-motif profiles demonstrates superior sensitivity in multi-cancer detection. Detection of 4 bp-end-motif profiles may serve as potential predictive biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.
Der Schmerz und seine Grenze
Authors: Wagner Judith N. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungChronische Schmerzen stellen weltweit ein signifikantes sozialmedizinisches Problem mit hohen Folgekosten dar. Als eigenständige Erkrankung werden Schmerzsyndrome jedoch erst seit etwa Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts angesehen. Schon in der Definition der International Association for the Study of Pain wird deutlich, dass Schmerz ein komplexes, kontextabhängiges, damit aber auch modifizierbares Phänomen darstellt. Die philosophische Herangehensweise an den Schmerz ist mindestens ebenso facettenreich und kann unter den verschiedensten Gesichtspunkten erfolgen. Im Folgenden soll eine Charakterisierung des Schmerzes unter Einbeziehung einer philosophischen – phänomenologisch und enaktivistisch geprägten – Perspektive angestrebt werden. Als Leitstruktur dieser Betrachtung soll das Konzept der leiblichen Grenze dienen: In welcher Beziehung stehen Schmerz und die Wahrnehmung der Leibesgrenzen zueinander? Handelt es sich um eine wechselseitige Einflussnahme? Und ist diese Wahrnehmung zugunsten des Schmerzpatienten modifizierbar? Anhand dieser Überlegungen wird auch deutlich werden, dass die beiden Wissenschaften – Neurowissenschaften und Philosophie – mitnichten Konkurrentinnen darstellen, sondern vielmehr Disziplinen, die sich gegenseitig informieren.
Efbemalenograstim alfa not inferior to pegfilgrastim in providing neutrophil support in women with breast cancer undergoing myelotoxic chemotherapy: results of a phase 2 randomized, multicenter, open-label trial
Authors: Glaspy John , Bondarenko Igor , Krasnozhon Dmitrii , Rutty Dean , Chen Jianmin , Fu Yanyan , Wang Shufang , Hou Qingsong , Li Simon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluate the safety and efficacy of efbemalenograstim alfa for neutrophil support in breast cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy in a phase 2, dose-finding, open-label study (NCT01648322, ClinicalTrials.gov, 2012–07-19).

Methods
232 patients received up to 4 cycles of chemotherapy, 141 patients with docetaxel + cyclophosphamide (TC) and 91 patients with docetaxel + doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (TAC). Patients were randomized to efbemalenograstim alfa (80, 240, or 320 µg/kg [TC]; 240 or 320 µg/kg [TAC]) or pegfilgrastim (6 mg) on Day 2 of each cycle.

Results
Efbemalenograstim alfa was non-inferior to pegfilgrastim in duration of moderate and severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 1.0 × 109/L) in TAC Cycle 1 (mean [SD] of 2.1 [1.58] and 2.1 [1.46] days for 240 µg/kg and 320 µg/kg efbemalenograstim alfa, respectively, and 1.8 [1.28] days for pegfilgrastim), with a difference (95% CI) of 0.3 (-0.4, 1.1) days. ANC nadir occurred between Days 7–8 of TAC Cycle 1, with mean [SD] of 0.68 [1.064], 0.86 [1.407] and 0.78[1.283] × 109/L for 240 µg/kg, 320 µg/kg efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim, respectively. Time to ANC recovery post nadir (defined as an ANC > 2.0 × 109/L after the expected ANC nadir) was 2.0–2.4 and 1.9 days for TAC patients treated with efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim, respectively. No significant difference was found between any dose of efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim in TAC Cycle 1 for incidence of moderate to severe neutropenia (76%-77% of patients) or incidence of severe neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 × 109/L; 63%-72%). Efbemalenograstim alfa exhibited similar safety profile to pegfilgrastim. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 4 (1.8%) patients, 2 patients each for 320 µg/kg efbemalenograstim alfa and pegfilgrastim, with no event considered related to study drug.

Conclusion
Efbemalenograstim alfa was comparable to pegfilgrastim in efficacy and safety.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT01648322.