bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desorption/ionization mass spectrometry on nanocrystalline titania sol–gel‐deposited films
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Tai , Chen Yu‐Chie 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a matrix‐free method for performing desorption/ionization directly from mesoporous nanocrystalline titania sol–gel thin films, which have good absorption capacity in the ultraviolet (UV) range and can act as assisting materials during UV matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI‐MS) analysis. A high concentration of citrate buffer was added into this system to provide the proton source and to reduce the presence of alkali cation adducts of the analytes. The analyte signals appear uniformly over the whole sample deposition area. Protonated molecules (MH+ ions) of analytes dominate the titania MALDI mass spectra. Surfactants, peptides, tryptic digest products, and small proteins with molecular weights below ca. 24 000 Da, are observed in the titania MALDI mass spectra. Detection limits for insulin are as low as ca. 2 fmol with mass resolution of ca. 660. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonlinear minimization approach to multiobjective and structured controls for discrete‐time systems
Authors: Lee Kwan Ho , Lee Joon Hwa , Kwon Wook Hyun 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a nonlinear minimization approach is proposed for multiobjective and structured controls for discrete‐time systems. The problem of finding multiobjective and structured controls for discrete‐time systems is represented as a quadratic matrix inequality problem. It is shown that the problem is reduced to a nonlinear minimization problem that has a concave objective function and linear matrix inequality constraints. An algorithm for the nonlinear minimization problem is proposed, which is easily implemented with existing semidefinite programming algorithms. The validity of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by comparisons with existing methods. In addition, applications of this work are demonstrated via numerical examples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bewertung nichtlinearer Nachweiskonzepte für Verbundstützen anhand des Kriteriums der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit
Authors: Kleinschmitt Jörrit , Lange Jörg 
Published: July 2004

AbstractEs werden vier verschiedene (normativ umsetzbare) Nachweismethoden für den Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit, die auf nichtlinearen Strukturanalysen basieren, vorgestellt und hinsichtlich der damit erzielbaren Systemzuverlässigkeit vergleichend beurteilt. Als Kriterium der Systemzuverlässigkeit dient die Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit Pf. Die Bewertung erfolgt sowohl vergleichend als auch absolut hinsichtlich des in den Lastnormen EC 1 bzw. DIN 1055‐100 angegebenen Sicherheitsindizes β=4,7. Ergänzend wird die Ausgewogenheit der einzelnen Nachweiskonzepte diskutiert.
Potential of [18F]β‐CFT‐FE (2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐8‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)nortropane) as a dopamine transporter ligand: A PET study in the conscious monkey brain
Authors: Harada Norihiro , Ohba Hiroyuki , Fukumoto Dai , Kakiuchi Takeharu , Tsukada Hideo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand 2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluoro‐phenyl)‐8‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)nortropane ([18F]β‐CFT‐FE) was synthesized and evaluated in comparison with [11C]β‐CFT in monkey brain using animal positron emission tomography (PET). [18F]β‐CFT‐FE and [11C]β‐CFT were injected intravenously to conscious monkeys for a 91‐min PET scan with arterial blood sampling for metabolite analysis. In the conscious state, [18F]β‐CFT‐FE provided a peak about 20 min after the injection and declined thereafter in the striatum of monkey brain, while [11C]β‐CFT continuously increased with time up to 91 min after injection. Metabolite analysis revealed that [18F]β‐CFT‐FE was more rapidly metabolized in plasma than [11C]β‐CFT. The striatal binding of both ligands was dose‐dependently displaced by preadministration of a specific DAT inhibitor, GBR12909, at doses of 0.5 and 5 mg/kg; however, the displacement degree of [11C]β‐CFT‐FE was higher than that of [18F]β‐CFT. The effects of the anesthetics, ketamine and isoflurane, on binding were more prominent in [11C]β‐CFT than [18F]β‐CFT‐FE. Specificity and affinity of β‐CFT‐FE to DAT were evaluated in an in vitro assay using cloned human DAT, serotonin transporter, and norepinephrine transporter in comparison with other conventional DAT ligands, showing that β‐CFT‐FE had lower affinity and higher specificity to DAT than β‐CFT and β‐CIT. These results suggested that [18F]β‐CFT‐FE could be a potential imaging agent for DAT, providing excellent selectivity and tracer kinetics for quantitative PET imaging. Synapse 54:37–45, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic electrotonic properties of primate pallidal neurons as inferred from a detailed analysis of their morphology: A modeling study
Authors: Mouchet Patrick , Yelnik Jerome 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe used a biophysical model to gain insight into the electrotonic properties of primate pallidal neurons. The model was built from the quantitative morphological analysis of internal (GPi) and external (GPe) pallidal neurons, labeled with biocytin filling or Golgi staining. Simulations showed a strong location dependence of the efficacy of single fast excitatory synaptic inputs, synaptic efficacy being the peak amplitude of somatic postsynaptic potentials (PPSs) evoked from dendritic sites. It markedly decreased with distance from the soma. The efficacy was also dependent on the dendritic branch order. At identical distances from the soma, there were no differences between the mean efficacy of GPi and GPe dendritic synaptic sites. However, the attenuation of the propagated PPSs was higher in GPi dendrites. This difference resulted from the smaller mean diameters of GPi dendrites. Diameters were also shown to often maximize the distal sites efficacy. A clear distance dependence was also found when simulating GABAA inhibitory activations. It was weaker than the one observed with fast excitatory PPSs. It is proposed that this difference could constitute a simple basis to create opposing center‐surround patterns of activity in the basal ganglia output. In conclusion, this study suggests that GPi and GPe neurons have very similar electrotonic properties and that in such passive conditions all parts of their long dendrites significantly influence the somatic membrane potential. It suggests also that in spite of this similarity, neurons of the two pallidal segments differ in the way they integrate their synaptic inputs. Synapse 54:11–23, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implications of vertical mass modeling errors on 2D dynamic structural analysis
Authors: Whalen Timothy M. , Archer Graham C. , Bhatia Kishor M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe use of diagonal (lumped) mass matrices is common in dynamic structural analysis. The assumptions made when performing the lumping procedure, however, are not always consistent with the underlying physical behavior and can therefore modify the dynamic properties of the modeled structure. The influence of errors in mass modeling for vertical degrees of freedom on dynamic behavior and seismic response is illustrated. We demonstrate that overestimation of the lumped masses associated with vertical displacements in 2D frame models of these structures leads to inaccurate modal periods and associated modal participation factors for dynamic response. The ramifications of these inaccuracies on seismic response are shown and implications in other dynamic analysis situations are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled vibration of tall building structures
Authors: Kuang J. S. , Ng S. C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFree vibration analysis is presented for general tall building structures, which may consist of any combination of frames, shear walls, structural cores and coupled walls. Emphasis of the analysis is placed on the coupled lateral–torsional vibration characteristic of the structures. Based on the continuum technique and D'Alembert's principle, the governing equation of free vibration and corresponding eigenvalue problem are derived. By applying the Galerkin technique, a generalized method of solution is proposed for the analysis of coupled vibration of general tall building structures. Based on the proposed method, a computation procedure is presented for predicting the natural frequencies and associated mode shapes of the structures in coupled vibration. Numerical investigation is conducted to validate the simplicity and accuracy of the proposed method. It has been shown that the proposed analysis provides an effective way, particularly at the preliminary design stage, for evaluating the vibration behaviour of tall buildings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐dimensional finite element solution for tall building structures unified plane panels formulation
Authors: Savassi Walter , Mancini Eddie 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn a previous paper (Mancini and Savassi, 1999), it was shown that every plane panel, used to brace tall building structures, can be easily and generally approached through the use of the continuous medium technique (CMT) (Albigés and Goulet, 1960). In that paper, following a so‐called local formulation, i.e., by deriving the governing differential equations system of the panel, in terms of u(z) panel horizontal displacement and wi columns or walls axial displacements, the equivalence (likeness) of formal mathematics, and hence of structural behaviour, between the panel composed by a pair of shear walls associated by lintel beams and another panel formed by the plane association, by pinned horizontal bars, of one shear wall and one single bay frame, was also shown. In both cases, axial deformations due to axial forces on vertical members were taken into account. In this paper, confirming those conclusions, but now following a global formulation (i.e., considering the total potential energy of each panel: strain energy plus applied load potentials), the mathematical equivalence between those two types of plane panels is again revealed by comparison of their two total potential energy analytical expressions. Additionally, based on that variational approach, the one‐dimensional finite element formulation is presented. This enlarges the possibilities of solutions for more general types of panels, like those with variable geometry or loading, without any further difficulty. The procedure, for any type of panel, can be codified in one single computer program, very similar to those used to solve plain continuous beam problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a Novel Binuclear Palladium(II) Complex Formed from the Reaction of 2‐Chloro‐3, 3‐diphenyl‐1‐(2, 4, 6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1, 3‐diphosphapropene with Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) Including Hydrolysis
Authors: Liang Hongze , Ito Shigekazu , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract2‐Chloro‐3, 3‐diphenyl‐1‐(2, 4, 6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1, 3‐diphosphapropene was allowed to react with an equivalent amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and a novel binuclear palladium(II) complex which includes two P2O‐tridentate ligands [Mes*P(O)CH2PPh2]2[PdCl]2 (Mes* = 2, 4, 6‐tBu3C6H2) was isolated after workup procedure. A tricyclic skeleton of the binuclear complex was characterized by the X‐ray crystallography.
Understanding the factors that enable and inhibit the integration of operations, purchasing and logistics
Authors: Pagell Mark 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis exploratory research makes a first attempt at building a comprehensive model of the drivers of internal integration. A series of case studies are used to develop a more complete understanding of the factors that enable and inhibit efforts at building integration across operations, purchasing and logistics. The results suggest that this is a complex phenomenon driven by a number of factors including the structure and culture at the plant, reward systems and the amount of formal and informal communication across the functions. The end result of the research is a testable model of how integration can be built across these three key internal supply chain functions.
Red wine polyphenols induce EDHF‐mediated relaxations in porcine coronary arteries through the redox‐sensitive activation of the PI3‐kinase/Akt pathway
Authors: Ndiaye Mamadou , Chataigneau Thierry , Chataigneau Marta , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B 
Published: July 2004

Red wine polyphenolic compounds (RWPCs) are potent inducers of endothelium‐dependent relaxations of coronary arteries, which involve both nitric oxide and endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). The EDHF‐mediated relaxation to RWPCs is critically dependent on the formation of reactive oxygen species by a flavin‐dependent enzyme. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of redox‐sensitive protein kinases including p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and PI3‐kinase/Akt in RWPCs‐induced EDHF‐mediated relaxation.
Porcine coronary artery rings were suspended in organ chambers for measurement of changes in isometric tension. Confluent cultures of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells were used to determine the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and Akt by Western blot analysis. All experiments were performed in the presence of indomethacin and Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine.
RWPCs caused pronounced endothelium‐dependent relaxations, which were significantly reduced by wortmannin and LY294002, two inhibitors of PI3‐kinase, and not affected by PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK1/2 kinase kinase) and SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 MAPK). In contrast, wortmannin did not affect relaxations to bradykinin or levcromakalim.
RWPCs elicited within minutes a sustained and concentration‐dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and Akt in endothelial cells. The phosphorylation of Akt in response to RWPCs was abolished by wortmannin and LY294002, and by the membrane‐permeant analogue of superoxide dismutase Mn(III)tetrakis(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)porphyrin.
The present findings demonstrate that RWPCs cause EDHF‐mediated relaxations of coronary arteries; these responses are critically dependent on the redox‐sensitive activation of the PI3‐kinase/Akt pathway in endothelial cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 1131–1136. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705774
Inhibitory effects of digoxin and digitoxin on corticosterone production in rat zona fasciculata‐reticularis cells
Authors: Wang Shyi‐Wu , Pu Hsaio‐Fung , Kan Shu‐Fen , Tseng Chiung‐I , Lo Ming‐Jae , Wang Paulus S 
Published: July 2004

The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct effects and action mechanisms of digitalis on the production of corticosterone in rat adrenocortical cells.
Male rats were challenged with digoxin (1 μg ml−1 kg−1) in the presence or absence of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH, 5 μg ml−1 kg−1) administered by intravenous injection to the right jugular vein. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min following the challenge. The concentration of corticosterone in the rat plasma samples was measured by radioimmunoassay.
Zona fasciculata‐reticularis (ZFR) cells in male rats were prepared and then incubated with or without digoxin or digitoxin in the presence or absence of ACTH (10−9 M), forskolin (10−7 M), 8‐bromo‐cyclic 3′ : 5′‐adenosine monophosphate (10−4 M), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 10−5 M), trilostane (10−6 M), 25‐OH‐cholesterol (10−5 M), pregnenolone (10−5 M), progesterone (10−5 M), or deoxycorticosterone (10−5 M) at 37°C for 1 h before collection of the media. Corticosterone or pregnenolone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.
A single injection of digoxin did not alter the basal level of plasma corticosterone, but did inhibit the level of plasma corticosterone released in response to ACTH in vivo.
Administration of digoxin or digitoxin decreased both spontaneous and ACTH‐stimulated release of corticosterone in vitro.
Digoxin (10−7–10−5 M) and digitoxin (10−7–10−5 M), but not ouabain (10−7–10−5 M), dose‐dependently inhibited corticosterone production in response to forskolin and 8‐Br‐cyclic AMP in rat ZFR cells.
Both digoxin (10−6–10−5 M) and digitoxin (10−6–10−5 M) attenuated corticosterone production in response to CPA.
Digoxin (10−5 M) or digitoxin (10−5 M) inhibited cytochrome P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme (cytochrome P450scc) activity (catalyses conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone in the presence of trilostane) in rat ZFR cells.
The enzyme activity of 11 β‐hydroxylase (catalyses conversion of deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone) in ZFR cells was also inhibited by the administration of digoxin (10−5 M) or digitoxin (10−5 M).
These results together suggest that digoxin and digitoxin decrease the release of corticosterone by acting directly on ZFR cells via a Na+, K+‐ATPase‐independent mechanism involving the inhibition of the activities of adenylyl cyclase, cytochrome P450scc and 11 β‐hydroxylase, as well as the functioning of cyclic AMP and intracellular calcium.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 1123–1130. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705777
Contribution of the p38MAPK signalling pathway to proliferation in human cultured airway smooth muscle cells is mitogen‐specific
Authors: Fernandes Darren J , Ravenhall Claire E , Harris Trudi , Tran Thai , Vlahos Ross , Stewart Alastair G 
Published: July 2004

We have investigated the role of p38MAPK in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) proliferation in response to thrombin and bFGF. The regulation of cyclin D1 mRNA, cyclin D1, cyclin E and p21Cip1 protein levels, and the extent of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation in response to activation of p38MAPK have also been examined.
Two distinct inhibitors of p38MAPK, SB 203580 (10 μM) and SB 202190 (10 μM), prevented bFGF (0.3–3 nM)‐stimulated cell proliferation, but had no effect on the response to thrombin (0.3–3 U ml−1).
In cells incubated with thrombin or bFGF for 20 h, there was an increase in p38MAPK phosphorylation in response to bFGF, but not to thrombin. Thrombin and bFGF‐stimulated increases in ERK phosphorylation and cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels were not influenced by SB 203580 pre‐treatment. Similarly, cyclin E and p21Cip1 protein levels, measured after 20 h incubation with mitogen, did not appear to be regulated by SB 203580 (10 μM).
Although both thrombin and bFGF significantly increased levels of pRb phosphorylation, SB 203580 (10 μM) inhibited only bFGF‐stimulated pRb phosphorylation. In addition, SB 203580 (10 μM) selectively inhibited bFGF‐stimulated DNA synthesis, suggesting that the antimitogenic actions of SB 203580 on pRb phosphorylation cause cell cycle arrest at late G1 phase.
In conclusion, these results indicate that p38MAPK is involved in bFGF‐, but not in thrombin‐stimulated HASM proliferation. The activation of the p38MAPK pathway by bFGF, but not by thrombin, regulates the phosphorylation of pRb without influencing cyclin D1 expression.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 1182–1190. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705809
The calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS blocks CGRP and adrenomedullin vasoactive responses in the microvasculature
Authors: Grant A D , Tam C W , Lazar Z , Shih M K , Brain S D 
Published: July 2004

Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a potent microvascular dilator neuropeptide that is considered to play an essential role in neurogenic vasodilatation and in maintaining functional integrity in peripheral tissues.
We have examined the effect of the nonpeptide CGRP antagonist BIBN4096BS on responses to CGRP and the structurally related peptide adrenomedullin, AM, in murine isolated aorta and mesentery preparations, and in the cutaneous microvasculature in vivo.
We show for the first time that BIBN4096BS is an effective antagonist of CGRP and AM responses in the murine mesenteric and cutaneous microvasculature, and of CGRP in the murine aorta. After local administration, BIBN4096BS selectively inhibits the potentiation of microvascular permeability in the cutaneous microvasculature by CGRP and AM, with no effect on responses induced by other microvascular vasodilators. BIBN4096BS reversed both newly developed and established vasoactive responses induced by CGRP.
The ability of CGRP to potentiate plasma extravasation was lost when coinjected with compound 48/80 (where mast cells would be activated to release proteases), but regained when soybean trypsin inhibitor was coinjected with compound 48/80.
These results demonstrate that BIBN4096BS is a selective antagonist of responses induced by CGRP and AM in the mouse microvasculature, and CGRP in the mouse aorta. The ability of BIBN4096BS to block an established CGRP microvascular vasodilatation indicates that the sustained vasodilator activity of CGRP is due to the retention of the active intact peptide and the continued involvement of the CGRP receptor.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 1091–1098. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705824
Expression and functional activity of PPARγ in pancreatic β cells
Authors: Welters Hannah J , McBain Stuart C , Tadayyon Moh , Scarpello John H B , Smith Stephen A , Morgan Noel G 
Published: July 2004

Rosiglitazone is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) and ameliorates insulin resistance in type II diabetes. In addition, it may also promote increased pancreatic β‐cell viability, although it is not known whether this effect is mediated by a direct action on the β cell. We have investigated this possibility.
Semiquantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis (Taqman®) revealed that freshly isolated rat islets and the clonal β‐cell line, BRIN‐BD11, express PPARγ, as well as PPARα and PPARδ. The levels of expression of PPARγ were estimated by reference to adipose tissue and were found to represent approximately 60% (islets) and 30% (BRIN‐BD11) of that found in freshly isolated visceral adipose tissue. Western blotting confirmed the presence of immunoreactive PPARγ in rat (and human) islets and in BRIN‐BD11 cells.
Transfection of BRIN‐BD11 cells with a PPARγ‐sensitive luciferase reporter construct was used to evaluate the functional competence of the endogenous PPARγ. Luciferase activity was modestly increased by the putative endogenous ligand, 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2). Rosiglitazone also caused activation of the luciferase reporter construct but this effect required concentrations of the drug (50–100 μM) that are beyond the expected therapeutic range. This suggests that PPARγ is relatively insensitive to activation by rosiglitazone in BRIN‐BD11 cells.
Exposure of BRIN‐BD11 cells to the lipotoxic effector, palmitate, caused a marked loss of viability. This was attenuated by treatment of the cells with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide suggesting that a pathway of programmed cell death was involved. Rosiglitazone failed to protect BRIN‐BD11 cells from the toxic actions of palmitate at concentrations up to 50 μM. Similar results were obtained with a range of other PPARγ agonists.
Taken together, the present data suggest that, at least under in vitro conditions, thiazolidinediones do not exert direct protective effects against fatty acid‐mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic β cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 142, 1162–1170. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705844