bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functioning and recovery during stroke rehabilitation: a comparison between pre-stroke frail and non-frail patients
Authors: Mennema Åsa , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Oosterveer Daniëlla M. ,   the SCORE-study group
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pre-stroke frailty in older adults is associated with adverse outcomes after stroke in community-based and hospital-based populations. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of pre-stroke frailty among older stroke survivors receiving medical specialistic rehabilitation and its association with outcomes and recovery.

Methods
Pre-stroke frailty was measured by the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI, score ≥ 4 indicates frailty) in patients ≥ 65 years receiving stroke medical specialistic rehabilitation. Baseline, follow-up and change (i.e. recovery) scores of the Barthel index (BI), Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) ‘mobility’, ‘communication’, and ‘memory and thinking’, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) were compared between frail and non-frail patients with a multivariable regression model adjusting for confounders.

Results
Of 322 included patients (34.2% females, median age 70 years), 43 (13.4%) patients reported pre-stroke frailty. There were no differences in BI or in destination of discharge between pre-stroke frail and non-frail stroke survivors receiving inpatient rehabilitation. However, pre-stroke frailty was associated with worse follow-up scores for all other measures. Recovery in pre-stroke frail patients was less favorable compared to non-frail patients for SIS mobility, HADS subscales and EQ-5D index and visual analogue scale.

Conclusion
Pre-stroke frailty was present in a minority of older stroke survivors receiving medical specialistic rehabilitation. BI and destination of discharge did not differ. Nevertheless, pre-stroke frailty was associated with worse functioning at follow-up for most measures of health status and with smaller improvements in mobility, mood and quality of life.
Biochar potentially enhances maize tolerance to arsenic toxicity by improving physiological and biochemical responses to excessive arsenate
Authors: Rahman Md. Mezanur , Das Ashim Kumar , Sultana Sharmin , Ghosh Protik Kumar , Islam Md. Robyul , Keya Sanjida Sultana , Ahmed Minhaz , Nihad Sheikh Arafat Islam , Khan Md. Arifur Rahman , Lovell Mylea C. , Rahman Md. Abiar , Ahsan S. M. , Anik Touhidur Rahman , Fnu Pallavi , Tran Lam-Son Phan , Mostofa Mohammad Golam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetalloid pollution, including arsenic poisoning, is a serious environmental issue, plaguing plant productivity and quality of life worldwide. Biochar, a carbon-rich material, has been known to alleviate the negative effects of environmental pollutants on plants. However, the specific role of biochar in mitigating arsenic stress in maize remains relatively unexplored. Here, we elucidated the functions of biochar in improving maize growth under the elevated level of sodium arsenate (Na2AsO4, AsV). Maize plants were grown in pot-soils amended with two doses of biochar (2.5% (B1) and 5.0% (B2) biochar Kg−1 of soil) for 5 days, followed by exposure to Na2AsO4 ('B1 + AsV'and 'B2 + AsV') for 9 days. Maize plants exposed to AsV only accumulated substantial amount of arsenic in both roots and leaves, triggering severe phytotoxic effects, including stunted growth, leaf-yellowing, chlorosis, reduced photosynthesis, and nutritional imbalance, when compared with control plants. Contrariwise, biochar addition improved the phenotype and growth of AsV-stressed maize plants by reducing root-to-leaf AsV translocation (by 46.56 and 57.46% in ‘B1 + AsV’ and ‘B2 + AsV’ plants), improving gas-exchange attributes, and elevating chlorophylls and mineral levels beyond AsV-stressed plants. Biochar pretreatment also substantially counteracted AsV-induced oxidative stress by lowering reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipoxygenase activity, malondialdehyde level, and electrolyte leakage. Less oxidative stress in ‘B1 + AsV’ and ‘B2 + AsV’ plants likely supported by a strong antioxidant system powered by biochar-mediated increased activities of superoxide dismutase (by 25.12 and 46.55%), catalase (51.78 and 82.82%), and glutathione S-transferase (61.48 and 153.83%), and improved flavonoid levels (41.48 and 75.37%, respectively). Furthermore, increased levels of soluble sugars and free amino acids also correlated with improved leaf relative water content, suggesting a better osmotic acclimatization mechanism in biochar-pretreated AsV-exposed plants. Overall, our findings provided mechanistic insight into how biochar facilitates maize’s active recovery from AsV-stress, implying that biochar application may be a viable technique for mitigating negative effects of arsenic in maize, and perhaps, in other important cereal crops.
Graphical Abstract
Interaction of hallucinogenic rapid-acting antidepressants with mGlu2/3 receptor ligands as a window for more effective therapies
Authors: Chruścicka-Smaga Barbara , Machaczka Agata , Szewczyk Bernadeta , Pilc Andrzej 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe desire to find a gold-standard therapy for depression is still ongoing. Developing one universal and effective pharmacotherapy remains troublesome due to the high complexity and variety of symptoms. Over the last decades, the understanding of the mechanism of pathophysiology of depression and its key consequences for brain functioning have undergone significant changes, referring to the monoaminergic theory of the disease. After the breakthrough discovery of ketamine, research began to focus on the modulation of glutamatergic transmission as a new pharmacological target. Glutamate is a crucial player in mechanisms of a novel class of antidepressants, including hallucinogens such as ketamine. The role of glutamatergic transmission is also suggested in the antidepressant (AD) action of scopolamine and psilocybin. Despite fast, robust, and sustained AD action hallucinogens belonging to a group of rapid-acting antidepressants (RAA) exert significant undesired effects, which hamper their use in the clinic. Thus, the synergistic action of more than one substance in lower doses instead of monotherapy may alleviate the likelihood of adverse effects while improving therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore AD-like behavioral, synaptic, and molecular action of RAAs such as ketamine, scopolamine, and psilocybin, in combination with mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists.
Adversarial Distillation Adaptation Model with Sentiment Contrastive Learning for Zero-Shot Stance Detection
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Chunling , Wang Jia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractZero-shot stance detection is both crucial and challenging because it demands detecting the stances of previously unseen targets in the inference stage. Learning transferable target invariant features effectively from training data is crucial for zero-shot stance detection. This paper proposes an adversarial adaptation approach for zero-shot stance detection, which applies an adversarial discriminative domain adaptation network to transfer knowledge efficiently. Specifically, the proposed model applies knowledge distillation to prevent overfitting the destination data and forgetting the learned source knowledge. Moreover, stance contrastive learning is applied to enhance the quality of feature representation for superior generalization, and sentiment information is extracted to assist with stance detection. The experimental results indicate that our model performs competitively on two benchmark datasets.
Spatial pattern of glacier mass balance sensitivity to atmospheric forcing in High Mountain Asia
Authors: Arndt Anselm , Schneider Christoph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe complex topography and size of High Mountain Asia (HMA) result in large differences in glacier mass-balance variability and climate sensitivity. Current understanding of these sensitivities is limited by simplifications in past studies’ model structure. This study overcomes this limitation by using a mass-balance model to investigate the climatic mass-balance variability and climate sensitivity of 16 glaciers covering major mountain ranges in HMA. Generally, glaciers in the southeast have higher mass turnover while glaciers at the margins of HMA show higher interannual mass-balance variability. All glaciers are most sensitive to temperature perturbations in summer. The climatic mass balance of 15 glaciers is most sensitive to precipitation perturbations in summer or spring and summer, even if the seasonal accumulation peak is not in summer. Only one glacier's mass balance (Chhota Shigri Glacier) is most sensitive to precipitation perturbations in winter. Glaciers with high mass turnover and high summer-precipitation ratio are more sensitive to temperature perturbations. Sensitivity experiments reveal that besides the non-linearity of mass-balance temperature sensitivity, mass-balance precipitation sensitivity is non-linear as well. Furthermore, resolving the diurnal cycle of albedo, (re)freezing and the differentiation between liquid and solid precipitation are important to assess climate sensitivity of glaciers in HMA.
To vote or not to vote in the homeland elections? Insights into voting abstention in Italy's constituency abroad
Authors: Battiston Simone , Luconi Stefano , Valbruzzi Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSince its introduction in the early 2000s, legislation relating to the voting rights of Italians abroad has enabled millions of residents of voting age outside of Italy to engage in homeland elections and elect their own MPs. The inclusion of Italian citizens abroad in the Italian polity has nevertheless translated into a patchy electoral engagement. This article does not intend to provide an analysis of the voting choices in Italy's overseas constituency. Instead, it delves into external vote dynamics to provide insights into overseas Italians’ abstention in parliamentary elections and referenda. After summarising the history of the introduction of Italy's peculiar model of external voting, drawing on the results of an online survey of Italians abroad, the article examines the factors influencing turnout, with specific attention to the eligible voters’ personal characteristics. It also focuses on the attitude of Italians abroad towards possible reforms aiming at increasing electoral participation. It concludes that country of birth and Italian language skills are among the most relevant variables not only to assess what fosters or inhibits external voting, but also to gauge the opinion of voters residing outside Italy about proposals to reform the procedures regulating the exercise of suffrage from abroad.
Dual-tunable phononic waveguides for manipulation of guided Lamb waves
Authors: Guo Wei , Ma Yu-Ke , Wang Yan-Feng , Laude Vincent , Wang Yue-Sheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we design and fabricate dual-tunable waveguides in a two-dimensional periodic plate with threaded holes. Dual tunability is realized by using rods held with nuts as well as assembly prestress of the nuts. A straight waveguide, a bent waveguide, and a wave splitter are designed by changing the distribution of rods and nuts in different circuits. The experimental and numerical results show that the frequencies of guided waves can be tuned by the assembly prestress. By increasing the amount of prestress, the frequency range of the passing band can be shifted upward. Confinements, guiding, and splitting of Lamb waves are clearly observed in both experimental measurements and numerical simulations. This work is essential for the practical design of reconfigurable phononic devices.
The Limits of Preclearance
Authors: Zhang Iris H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOn June 25, 2013, the Supreme Court ended enforcement of Section 5 of the 1965 Voting Rights Act inShelby County v. Holder.As a result, over 3500 municipalities were released from the preclearance requirement to seek federal approval prior to enacting changes to elections. Despite the Court’s majority opinion that Section 5 was no longer needed, practices like enforcing strict voter ID requirements and last-minute polling place changes increased dramatically afterShelby County.However, one underexamined election change is changing municipal boundaries through annexations. Municipal annexations can weaken minority political representation in municipal elections if minority population shares decrease after annexation. Using difference-in-differences models, I analyze annexations for over 15,000 municipalities from 2007–2020 across all forty U.S. states with annexable land. I find no evidence that municipalities previously covered by Section 5 increased annexation activity or that they conducted more annexations that dilute Black and minority resident shares afterShelby County.Patterns of annexations pre-Shelby Countysuggest that the null finding can be explained by the limited effectiveness of Section 5 in preventing minority dilution through annexations when it was in place. This study underscores how municipal boundaries can be manipulated to perpetuate inequality and the limitations of federal legislation in preventing this practice.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for post-stroke adjustment difficulties via telerehabilitation in a working-age man
Authors: Ooi Jinnie , Steverson Tom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Adjustment difficulties following a stroke are common and associated with poorer outcomes. Current systematic reviews suggest insufficient evidence for the efficacy of psychological interventions for post-stroke anxiety and/or depression. However, a recent randomised controlled trial (Majumdar and Morris, 2019) of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) showed promise in reducing depression and increasing hopefulness and perceived health status in stroke survivors. The present case study describes the assessment, formulation, treatment and outcomes of post-stroke adjustment difficulties in a working-aged man using ACT delivered via telerehabilitation. At the end of treatment (six sessions over 2 months), the client no longer met clinical cut-off for psychological distress and depression. Furthermore, reported levels of psychological flexibility were comparable to non-clinical norms. These gains were maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Outcomes from this case study support emerging evidence indicating that ACT may be an efficacious intervention for post-stroke adjustment difficulties, even when delivered via telerehabilitation. Further research investigating the mediating and moderating effects of different cognitive behavioural processes such as values and acceptance on psychological adjustment to stroke is recommended.

Key learning aims

(1)
Current evidence on the efficacy of psychological interventions for stroke survivors is limited.

(2)
This case study describes the assessment, treatment and outcomes of post-stroke adjustment difficulties in a working-aged man using an ACT approach.

(3)
Following six sessions of ACT delivered via telerehabilitation, the client no longer met clinical cut-off for psychological distress and depression. Moreover, his levels of psychological flexibility were comparable to non-clinical norms.

(4)
Further exploration of psychological processes that facilitate post-stroke adjustment difficulties is recommended.
Enhanced Nitrate Fraction: Enabling Urban Aerosol Particles to Remain in a Liquid State at Reduced Relative Humidity
Authors: Liu Y. C. , Wu Z. J. , Qiu Y. T. , Tian P. , Liu Q. , Chen Y. , Song M. , Hu M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNitrate has become the primary inorganic compound in urban aerosol particles, but its effects on particle phase state, which is crucial in multiphase chemistry, remains largely unknown. Herein, particle rebound measurements were conducted to explore the relationship between the liquid–phase–transition threshold relative humidity (RHthreshold) and the inorganic compounds mass fraction in dry particles (Finorg). Results revealed negative correlations between RHthreshold and Finorg, with more nitrate leading to lower RHthreshold. Even with RH < 20%, particles with ∼50% nitrate mass fraction remained in non‐solid state. Taking Beijing as an example, decreases were observed in RHthreshold from 64% in 2015 to below 53% nowadays during the moderate‐pollution periods (PM2.5 = 35–75 μg/m3) due to an enhanced nitrate fraction. This allowed urban aerosol particles to exist in liquid state at lower RH, and consequently, kinetic limitation by bulk diffusion in nitrate‐dominated particles might be negligible, making them key seeds for secondary aerosol formation through multiphase reactions.
Impact of a New Bias Correction Predictor for FY‐4A AGRI All‐Sky Data Assimilation on Typhoon Forecast
Authors: Shi Bingying , Yang Chun , Min Jinzhong , Sha Lina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe all‐sky assimilation module for Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) onboard the Chinese new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) is constructed for the first time in Weather Research and Forecasting Model Data Assimilation (WRFDA) model with Radiative Transfer for the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV). Based on the characteristics of bias distribution, the cloud effect average is selected as a new bias correction (BC) predictor to remove cloud‐related biases in all‐sky conditions. The impact of the modified BC scheme and AGRI all‐sky assimilation on typhoon Lekima (2019) forecast is evaluated through a set of cycle assimilation experiments with WRFDA 3DVAR component. The result shows that, compared with other BC schemes, the modified BC scheme can effectively reduce the mean standard deviation, root mean square error, and absolute mean of observation departure in all‐sky conditions. Meanwhile, the AGRI all‐sky assimilation with the modified BC scheme obtains significant improvements in track prediction. Substantial error reductions in model variables, such as wind, temperature, and humidity, are also produced.
Predictors of medication adherence in a large 1-year prospective cohort of individuals with schizophrenia: insights from the multicentric FACE-SZ dataset
Authors: Misdrahi David , Dupuy Maud , Dansou Yecodji , Boyer Laurent , Berna Fabrice , Capdevielle Delphine , Chereau Isabelle , Coulon Nathalie , D’Amato Thierry , Dubertret Caroline , Leignier Sylvain , Llorca Pierre Michel , Lançon Christophe , Mallet Jasmina , Passerieux Christine , Pignon Baptiste , Rey Romain , Schürhoff Franck , Swendsen Joel , Urbach Mathieu , Szöke Andrei , Godin Ophélia , Fond Guillaume ,   the FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) Group, Andre M. , Andrieu-Haller C. , Aouizerate B. , Berna F. , Blanc O. , Bourguignon E. , Capdevielle D. , Chereau-Boudet I. , Clauss-Kobayashi J. , Coulon N. , Dassing R. , Dorey J. M. , Dubertret C. , Esselin A. , Fond G. , Gabayet F. , Jarroir M. , Lacelle D. , Leboyer M. , Leignier S. , Llorca P. M. , Mallet J. , Metairie E. , Michel T. , Misdrahi D. , Passerieux C. , Petrucci J. , Pignon B. , Peri P. , Portalier C. , Rey R. , Roman C. , Schorr B. , Schürhoff F. , Szöke A. , Tessier A. , Urbach M. , Wachiche G. , Zinetti-Bertschy A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is characterized by the most salient medication adherence problems among severe mental disorders, but limited prospective data are available to predict and improve adherence in this population. This investigation aims to identify predictors of medication adherence over a 1-year period in a large national cohort using clustering analysis. Outpatients were recruited from ten Schizophrenia Expert Centers and were evaluated with a day-long standardized battery including clinician and patient-rated medication adherence measures. A two-step cluster analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to identify medication adherence profiles based on the Medication Adherence rating Scale (MARS) and baseline predictors. A total of 485 participants were included in the study and medication adherence was significantly improved at the 1-year follow-up. Higher depressive scores, lower insight, history of suicide attempt, younger age and alcohol use disorder were all associated with poorer adherence at 1 year. Among the 203 patients with initially poor adherence, 86 (42%) switched to good adherence at the 1-year follow-up, whereas 117 patients (58%) remained poorly adherent. Targeting younger patients with low insight, history of suicide, alcohol use disorder and depressive disorders should be prioritized through literacy and educational therapy programs. Adherence is a construct that can vary considerably from year to year in schizophrenia, and therefore may be amenable to interventions for its improvement. However, caution is also warranted as nearly one in five patients with initially good adherence experienced worsened adherence 1 year later.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 protects against neuronal injury and memory loss in mouse models of diabetes
Authors: Yao Yuan , Shi Jiaming , Zhang Chunlai , Gao Wei , Huang Ning , Liu Yaobei , Yan Weiwen , Han Yingguang , Zhou Wenjuan , Kong Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHyperglycemia-induced aberrant glucose metabolism is a causative factor of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)–lactic acid axis is regarded as a critical link between metabolic reprogramming and the pathogenic process of neurological disorders. However, its role in diabetic neuropathy remains unclear. Here, we found that PDK1 and phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were obviously increased in high glucose (HG)-stimulated primary neurons and Neuro-2a cell line. Acetyl-coA, a central metabolic intermediate, might enhance PDK1 expression via histone H3K9 acetylation modification in HG condition. The epigenetic regulation of PDK1 expression provided an available negative feedback pattern in response to HG environment-triggered mitochondrial metabolic overload. However, neuronal PDK1 was decreased in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Our data showed that the expression of PDK1 also depended on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcriptional activation under the HG condition. However, HIF-1 was significantly reduced in the hippocampus of diabetic mice, which might explain the opposite expression of PDK1 in vivo. Importantly, overexpression of PDK1 reduced HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neuronal apoptosis. Enhancing PDK1 expression in the hippocampus ameliorated STZ-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration in mice. Together, our study demonstrated that both acetyl-coA-induced histone acetylation and HIF-1 are necessary to direct PDK1 expression, and enhancing PDK1 may have a protective effect on cognitive recovery in diabetic mice.