bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Managing Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma with Mohs Surgery and Close the Large Eyelid Defect after Tumor Removal
Authors: Rhendy Rio , Irawati Yunia , Sampurna Adhimukti 
Published: January 2024

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer of the eyelid. The important things management we have to emphasize are to prevent recurrence rate and to get the good cosmetic result after reconstruct the large defect. The aim of this case report is to show the management of both eyelid basal cell carcinoma and large eyelid defect after tumor removal.Methods: Case Report. A Woman 40 years old was reffered from Dermatovenereology Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with aggressive type BCC. The location of the tumor was at inferior left eyelid with size of 18 x 19 mm. They planned to perform Mohsâ€™ surgery and consulted to Plastic and Reconstruction division of Ophthalmology Department for eyelid reconstruction. After Mohsâ€™ surgery the horizontal length of the eyelid defect was more than 50% and vertical defect was more than 15 mm. The Mustarde cheek advancement flap were choosen.Results: Post operation necrotic tissue was noted do to ischemic problem. Oral corticosteroid was given with tapering dose for six days. One month later, the condition was improved and Dermatovenereology department performed diode laser for the necrotic tissue and further showing good result.Conclusion: The management for eyelid BCC were still challenging including the technique to reconstruct the large eyelid defect, the risk of recurrence after the tumor removal and post operative result. The dicision to choose the proper technique to reconstruct the eyelid defect and tight follow-up after surgery will give optimal functional and cosmetic result.Â Keywords: basal cell carcinoma; Mohs surgery; Mustarde cheek advancement flap; necrotizing flap; corticosteroid; diode laser
Phacoemulsification in High Myopia with Silicon Filled Eye
Authors: Harmani Bondan , Victor Andi Arus 
Published: January 2024

High myopia is a pathologic condition which has different anatomy from emmetropic eyes. The elongated vitreous chamber were increasing the shear stress of vitreous and retina, giving risk to several vitreoretinal disorders especially retinal detachment (RD). The extensive and complicated RD that happened in high myopic eyes make pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil (SO) tamponade more preferable. Unfortunately, treatment of RD in high myopic eyes, especially with SO increase the incidence of cataract. The incidence of cataract in SO filled eyes is nearly 100% if the SO remains for several times. This paper reviews these issue, presenting the way to treat cataract in high myopic SO filled eye effectively with combination of phacoemulsification and SO removal with IOL implantation, helped with the usage of IOL Master. Â Keywords: phacoemulsification, high myopia, silicon filled eye
Cultivated Limbal and Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation in Severe Ocular Surface Disease
Authors: Widyakusuma Astriviani , Susiyanti Made 
Published: January 2024

Background: To evaluate and compare the clinical outcome and safety of Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Transplantation (CLET) and Cultivated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Transplantation (COMET) in severe ocular surface disease.Methods: Retrospective literature review. Studies reporting CLET or COMET as treatment of ocular surface disorder were included in this review. All studies were level IV or higher published between 2002 and 2012. The outcomes evaluated in each study include transplantation success rate, improvement of visual acuity, and the safety covered post operative complications. No publication data restriction was used.Results: Eight articles were reviewed. Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) was found to be the most common cause of ocular surface disease in all studies. None of these studies compared CLET and COMET directly. All studies achieved success rate and 3-years survival rate of more than 50%. Visual acuity improvement ranged between 43.5-67.8%, while the mean duration unitl epithelization ranged between 13.7 days to 3 months. The most common complication was persistent epithelial defect (PED).Conclusion: Both CLET and COMET offer a viable and safe alternative in ocular surface reconstruction, and thus may be considered as the management of the ocular surface disorder following SJS or chemical injury.Â Keywords: Cultivated limbal epithelium transplantation, cultivated oral mucosal epithelium transplantation, ocular surface disorder, ocular surface disease
Management for Perforated Moorenâ€™s Ulcer
Authors: Putri Linda Wira , Vitresia Havriza , Sukmawati Getry 
Published: January 2024

Background: To report the surgical management for perforated Mooren's ulcer by performing conjunctival resection with situational corneal suture and Amniotic Membrane Transplantation.
Case Illustration: There were six patients diagnosed with Mooren's ulcer between 2011-2013. Three of them were perforated Mooren's ulcer with iris prolaps, and the size of perforation was 2-4 mm. The sex distribution of the patient were 3 male and 3 female patients. The age of presentation of were varied from 11-48 yo. Three patients underwent surgery, one patient refused. The other 2 patients only got medical therapy. For perforated cases with iris prolaps, we performed conjunctival resection with situational corneal suture, overlying the perforation. The suture were made like a net or bridge, depend on cases, and then amniotic membrane were put over the suture. The corneal suture should not be tight because it can disrupt the corneal contour. Amniotic membrane were put on the net layer by layer, and then fixed by interrupted suture to the episclera and cornea, at least in 8 position. The eyes were patching about 4 days and give topical and systemic antibiotic, and corticosteroid systemic. All of patient have complete epithelization after surgery between day 7-10 and have visual acuity improvement. Some of the patient still followed up until now.
Conclusion: Conjunctival Resection with situational corneal suture and Amniotic Membrane Transplantation appeared to be an effective procedure for perforated Mooren's ulcer and iris prolaps, even more than 2 mm size of perforation.
Case Series of Two Patients with Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Anindya Tessa H , Anggraini Neni , Kodrat Evelina 
Published: January 2024

Background: To demonstrate two rare case of primary malignant melanoma of lacrimal sac.
Case Illustration: Patients were both female, 38-year-old and 46-year-old, with lacrimal sac mass,bloody discharge and epiphora. The first patient was previously diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitisand treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammation for two months which resulted in worsen conditionand enlarged swelling. Computed tomography scan revealed solid mass at lacrimal sac 13 x 12 x 7.4millimeters in size with no bone destruction. Patient underwent total mass removal surgery, whichrevealed solid highly pigmented mass. The second patient also had enlarged mass within two months.Other complaints include obstructed left nose and epistaxis. Computed tomography scan revealed solidmass at left medial canthal region involving inferior orbit, nasolacrimal duct, left nose cavity, andmaxillary sinus. Incisional biopsy revealed a malignant melanoma. Patient underwent eye exenteration,maxilectomy, and radical neck dissection.
Conclusion: Primary malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac is a rare case and often mimics chronicdacryocystitis. Itâ€™s imporant to understand this disease entity to make accurate diagnosis and managementwith the help of imaging modality.
Characteristics and Management of Anterior Segment Dysgenesis in Pediatric Ophthalmology
Authors: Irfani Irawati , Ramadanti Sarah Nurul , Khairani Astrid Feinisia 
Published: January 2024

Background: Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) is congenital anomaly caused by malformation of the eyeball during early pregnancy. Intrauterine ASD leads to disorder in maturation of anterior segment of the eye and its complications could interfere the normal visual development. There are several types of ASD and variability of its management. In this report, we described characteristic of ASD including its management in Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study from medical records of patients with ASD in Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung since January 2012 until December 2014. Data were collected based on total sampling with inclusion criteria. All data were analyzed by statistical software. Results: There were 99 patients with range of age 1-day-old until 18-years-old who met the inclusion criteria of this study. Patient of ASD was commonly brought to the hospital at infant age (55.5%), boys in 51.5% patients and mostly came from out of town (70.7%). Thirty-seven percent of their mothers had history of drug consumptions during pregnancy and 30% born prematurity. Seventy percent cases of ASD were bilateral, 80.8% without systemic disease, and congenital glaucoma was the most common type of ASD (30.7%). The most common management was observation in 45.5% cases, followed by combination of surgical and medicamentosa in 30.3% cases. Conclusion: ASD is a congenital condition which has variability in types and management. Early recognition of this condition is necessary to decide the appropriate treatment to assist visual development and rehabilitation. Â Keywords: anterior segment dysgenesis, characteristics, management Â Â
Correlation between Axial Length with Central Corneal Thickness and Degree of Myopia
Authors: Andriani Riska , Eddyanto Eddyanto 
Published: January 2024

Background: The axial length (AL) elongation of the eyeball is the characteristc of myopia. If this is the result of general growth, one might expect the cornea to have grown to be thicker than normal. If instead the myopic eye is larger due to a mechanism of stretching, one would expect the cornea to be thinner than normal. Several studies to determine the relationship of central corneal thickness (CCT) and the AL have reported different results. This study aims to investigate the association between AL with CCT and degree of myopia. Methods: It was a cross sectional study, involved 60 eyes of 32 myopic subjects. Axial length was measured using an A-scan ultrasound, CCT was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter, and refractive errors was measured with trial and error method.Results: Thirty-two patients (60 eyes) were recruited for the study. The age of patients ranged from 21 to 47 years old, with a mean of 27.6Â±7.58 years. The mean axial length was 23.98Â±0.81 mm and the mean CCT was 535.98Â±26.95 Î¼m. There were 44 eyes with low myopia, 13 eyes with moderate myopia, and 3 eyes with high myopia. The analysis of covariance (Ancova) was used to verified correlation between AL and CCT (p=0.704). The Spearmanâ€™s correlation analysis was used to verified correlation between AL and degree of myopia (p=0.001). Conclusion: There was no correlation between AL and CCT. There was a significant positive correlation between AL and degree of myopia. Â Keywords: AL, CCT, degree of myopia Â Â
Vitreous Hemorrhage in Dr.Sardjito General Hospital
Authors: Darajati Irene Titin , Wardhana Firman Setya , Sasongko Mohammad Bayu , Supanji Supanji , Widayanti Tri Wahyu , Agni Angela Nurini 
Published: January 2024

Background: Vitreous hemorrhage is the extravasation of blood in the vitreous cavity of the eye. It cause mild vision impaired to blindness. Moreover, vitreous hemorrhage obscures the posterior segment and if severe and non-traumatic, may lead to diagnostic dilemmas unless associated with classic systemic sign and symptoms. Objective : To provide data regarding causes and clinical aspects of vitreous hemorrhages to guide clinicians in better delineating the expected etiologic patterns of these hemorrhages. Methods: We collected medical records of patient who diagnosed vitreous hemorrhages inÂ Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Jogjakarta between March 2015-March 2016. Characteristics of patients to be explored: age, visual acuity and gender. The data were analyzed descriptive quantitative.Results: There were 189 patients (200 eyes) who diagnosed vitreous hemorrhage in first examination. Fifty three percent of them were male and 47 % were female, most of themÂ were over 50 years old (67.2%) and 32.8% were under 50 years old. The causes of vitreous hemorrhage were proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 131(69.3%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 17(9%), retinal vein occlusion 11(5.8%), retinal tear 8(4.2%), Posterior Vitreous Detachment 4(2.1%), vasculitis 3(1.6 %), Polypoidal Choroid Vasculopathy 2(1.1%), trauma 2(1.1%), Eales disease 1(0.5%), and unknown 10(5.3%) patients.Â Vitreous hemorrhage caused by diabetic retinopathy had vast range of visual acuity (6/7,5- Light Perception) and the worst was among patients with AMD.Conclusion: Most of vitreous hemorrhages caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy. AMD give the worst visual acuity. Â Keywords: Vitreous hemorrhage, etiology, visual acuity
Current Update of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Artini Widya 
Published: January 2024

Primary angle closure glaucoma is the most leading caused of permanent blindness among glaucoma patients.Â We will describe up dated primary angle closure group management to resolved this devastated diseased. First step, a prompt diagnostic is a must, then laser peripheral iridotomy should be done. If the angle was found closed after LPI less than 1800, and intra ocular pressure increases more than 21 mmHg, the management should be followed by glaucoma medication or lens extraction. If the angle was closed more than 1800, more aggressive treatment is recommended, such as lens extraction, trabeculectomy or combined. Clear lens extraction as an early treatment is suggested in many eye centers, even though is it still controversial issue.
Situational Analysis of Eye Care Services in South Sulawesi
Authors: Amalius Ahmad Ashraf 
Published: January 2024

Background: VISION 2020 as the global initiative program almost reaches the time limit. Every country in all over the world ran their programs in eye care services based on the strategic components of VISION 2020 including in Indonesia since the government declared it in 1999. The aim of this study is to report whether the condition in South Sulawesi as one of the province in east Indonesia sufficient to meet VISION 2020 target.Methods: This is a descriptive study with the qualitative and quantitative approach. Data were collected by interviewing and distributing semi-structured questionnaire to all stakeholders involved in eye care services in South Sulawesi, including ophthalmologists, ophthalmic nurses, Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association committee, provincial and district health office staffs.Results: South Sulawesi has population of 8,324,000, consists of 24 districts/city, 33 hospitals and 440primary health care (Puskesmas). Human resource data showed 67 ophthalmologists including subspecialists, 17 trained ophthalmic nurses, 6 refractionists, 3 optometrists, 1 orthoptist, and 3 counselours. Total number of cataract surgery in 2015 are 15,075 eyes. Complete data for refractive error screening and examination, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and corneal diseases are not available. Some advocacies and workshops had been held. Supported from government and NGO took role in building capacity for the services.Conclusion:According to VISION 2020 program, eye care services in our province is not yet ideal; but the process to build capacity, especially for 5 main focus eye disease, is still on the track.Â Keywords: VISION 2020, eye care services, cataract surgery, human resource, advocacy
The Prediction of Visual Acuity after Open Globe Injury in Children Using Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS)
Authors: Nuady Albaaza , Utomo Purjanto Tepo , Widyandana Widyandana 
Published: January 2024

Background: Open globe injury is one of the major causes of non-congenital ocular morbidities in children. Ocular trauma contributes 7% of all traumas and 10-15% of all ocular diseases. This study aims to assess VA after OGI in children at Sardjito General Hospital (SGH) and YAP Eye Hospital (YAP) using POTS.Methods: Children with OGI â‰¤15 years old from emergency unit from 2014 to 2016 was evaluated in retrospective design. Age, sex, admission time, operation time, cause of trauma, initial VA, final VA, and concomitant ocular pathology were collected, then classified with POTS. We compared initial VA and final VA to predict VA after OGI in children at SGH and YAP.Results: Twenty two (88%) patients were male and three (12%) patients were female with mean age of 8.84 years old. Nineteen cases were OGI with zone 1 involvement (76%), 2 cases with zone 2 (8%), and 4 cases with zone 3 (16%). After POTS classification, OGI in group 1 was 8 (32.6%), group 2 was 12 (48%), and group 3 was 5 (20%). Mean rate of initial VA was HM, 1 month after OGI was 1/60, 3 months was 3/60, 6 months was 3/60, and 12 months was 4/60. Classification using POTS was statistically significant for initial VA (p=0.046), VA in 1 month (p=0.046), and 3 months (p=0.46).Conclusion: OGI in children causes poor prognosis for VA. Zone involvement, delayed operation time and vitreous hemorrhage correlate with poor visual prognosis in OGI. Classification of injury with POTS shows prediction of VA after OGI.Â Keywords: open globe injury in children, pediatric ocular trauma score.
Toxic Effect of Topical DLBS1425 Towards Proliferation Degree and Mucin Secretion in Rabbitâ€™s Eye
Authors: Aurelian Amy , Nugroho Trilaksana , Novita Dina 
Published: January 2024

Background: Phaleria macrocarpa (DLBS1425) is a medicinal plant that has the effects of anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, and antioxidants. The potency of its toxicity is low towards normal cell. DLBS1425 is expected to be useable for eye drop, but its toxic effect towards goblet cell proliferation and mucin secretion still remain unknown.Methods: This is experimental study with design of comparison test. Twenty four rabbitsâ€™ eyes divided into 4 groups were given placebo and topical DLBS1425 with concentration of 1Ã—10-1 mg/ml, 1Ã—100 mg/ml, and 1Ã—101 mg/ml. Goblet cell proliferation degree and mucin secretion were evaluated using histopathology examination from rabitsâ€™ conjunctiva.Results: In the group of goblet cell proliferation, compared to control group, there was decreased proliferation degree with topical DLBS1425 of 1Ã—10-1 mg/ml; but the concentration of 1Ã—100 mg/ml and 1Ã—101 mg/ml did not affect goblet cell proliferation. In the group of mucin secretion, DLBS1425 with any concentration level decreased mucin secretion significantly.Conclusion: There was significant difference in goblet cell proliferation with topical DLBS1425 of 1Ã—10-1 mg/ml and placebo. There was also significant difference in mucin secretion with topical DLBS1425 in any concentration level and placebo.Â Keywords: DLBS1425, goblet cell, mucin secretion
Challenge in Diagnosing and Managing Carotid Caverous Fistula in Patient with Intermittent Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Magdalena Maria , Oktariana Virna Dwi , Sidik M 
Published: January 2024

Background: The purpose of this case report is to present a patient with Carotid Cavernous Fistula (CCF) superimposed angle closure glaucoma and how to manage the IOP and to describe treatment options for CCF. Case Report: A 72-year old female patient was consulted to Glaucoma Division with chief complain the redness of the right eye (RE). She also had blurred vision on both eyes and high IOP of the RE. The IOP of the RE tend to be fluctuated even after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) from prior hospital, and was different from the LE, which was stable on anti-glaucoma medication. A careful history taking, clinical examination including visual acuity and visual field defect test, and also ancillary test to confirm the diagnosis were done. The patient was assessed with intermittent angle closure glaucoma (ACG) of both eyes superimposed with carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) of the RE and planned to undergo trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification surgery from glaucoma division, and also embolization procedure from neuro ophthalmology division. However, the schedule of embolization will be done one year later due to long waiting list at Radiology Departement.Conclusion: This case demonstrates CCF of the RE superimposed intermittent ACG of both eyes. The Clinical manifestation of CCF were subtle, therefore clinical examination and acillary test such as CT angiography were needed to establish the diagnosis and to exclude differential diagnosis. The definitive therapy for CCF is to closure the fistula, but due to long waiting list we have to consider carotid massage as conservative management. In this case carotid massage gave good result in reducing ocular manifestation of CCF. Â Keyword: Carotid Cavernous Fistula, Glaucoma, Angle-closure Glaucoma, Carotid Massage
Visual Field Defect in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with Ethambutol Therapy
Authors: Nugroho Agus , Wahyuni Devi Azri 
Published: January 2024

Background: Ethambutol (EMB) is important as antimicrobal in the treatment of pulmonary TB which effects ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy (EON). EON can be detected with visual field examination. Research by Vimla Menon stated that toxicity condition of EMB obtained visual field defects by 7.69%. Currently, there is no data on visual field defects in patients with TB treated with (EMB) in Mohammad Hoesin Hospital (RSMH).Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study with a follow-up studies without controls. The samples of this research was 24 and samples taken consecutive. Visual field examination using the Humphrey Field Analyzer was performed three times: before therapy, 1 month, and 2 months after EMB therapy. Data that can be carried out were analyzed by using SPSS program. Results: Average MD before administration of EMB was -2.36Â±1.21; average MD after 1 month administration of EMB was -2.35Â±1.41; and 2 months after was -3.09Â±1.85. There was a mean change of -0.73Â±1.43 MD 2 months after EMB administration. Abnormal MD enhancement of 6.52% occured 1 month after EMB administration and 28.26% 2 months after EMB administration. Arcuate visual field defects obtained 9.3% in 2 months after EMB aministration.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in visual field examination on the object before therapy and 1 month after EMB therapy. Examination after obtaining EMB for 2 months, based on the mean deviation of visual field defects, were minimal to moderate; while based on gray scale picture was obtained arcuate visual field defects. Â Keywords: ethambutol, EON, visual field defect