bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POTENSI BAHAN BAKAR SERASAH SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KERAWANAN KEBAKARAN DI KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG LIANG ANGGANG, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Triana Mayang , Arifin Yudi Firmanul , Rianawati Fonny 
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the types of vegetation that dominate in the Liang Anggang Protected Forest area, South Kalimantan and study the potential of litter fuel that causes fire insecurity from the tree species that dominate in the Liang Anggang Protection Forest area, South Kalimantan. Data collection is carried out by making plots and then in each plot a litter trap is installed to determine the potential or load of the fuel, temperature and humidity measurements and calculation of the length of combustion time. Based on the results of the study, there are 4 types found that dominate in the Liang Anggang Protected Forest Area, namely Acacia, Galam, Alang-Alang and. The stand structure for the pole level shows Acacia with the highest INP value of 244.45% then Galam with INP of 55.55% and for the Acacia tree tier has an INP of 228.20% and Galam of 71.80%. Acacia has a litter that is prone to fire due to several limiting factors, namely the Load or Quantity of Fuel, the Shape and Arrangement of Fuel, and the Length of Combustion Time, the type of Galam, namely the Charge or Quantity of Fuel and the Form and Arrangement of Fuel, the type of Reeds and Ferns the limiting factor is the Water Content and Duration of Combustion Time.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis vegetasi yang mendominasi di kawasan Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang, Kalimantan Selatan serta mempelajari potensi bahan bakar serasah yang menyebabkan kerawanan kebakaran dari jenis-jenis pohon yang mendominasi di kawasan Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang, Kalimantan Selatan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pembuatan plot lalu disetiap plot dipasang litter trap untuk mengetahui potensi atau muatan dari bahan bakar, pengukuran suhu dan kelembaban serta penghitungan lama waktu pembakaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 4 jenis ditemukan yang mendominasi di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Liang Anggang yaitu Akasia, Galam, Alang-Alang dan Pakis. Struktur tegakan untuk tingkatan tiang menunjukkan Akasia dengan nilai INP tertinggi yaitu 244,45% lalu Galam dengan INP 55,55% dan untuk tingkatan pohon Akasia memiliki INP 228,20% dan Galam 71,80%.Akasia memiliki serasah yang rawan terhadap kebakaran dikarenakan beberapa faktor pembatas yaitu Muatan atau Kuantitas Bahan Bakar, Bentuk dan Susunan Bahan Bakar, dan Lamanya Waktu Pembakaran, jenis Galam yaitu Muatan atau Kuantitas Bahan Bakar dan Bentuk dan Susunan Bahan Bakar, jenis Alang-alang dan Pakis faktor pembatasnya Kadar Air dan Lamanya Waktu Pembakaran
CATALYTIC CRACKING OF CRUDE PALM OIL USING Cr/PALM SHELL CHARCOAL IMPREGNATION CATALYST
Authors: Nazarudin Nazarudin , Sundari Hadistya , Putra Adrima 
Published: October 2023

The study of synthesizing Cr/activated palm shell charcoal catalyst by impregnation method has been done. Cr/Activated Charcoal was made using variation of chromium concentration (1%, 2% and 3%). Change in diffraction pattern in XRD analysis for charcoal before modification and after modification showed chromium has been successfully impregnated to the catalyst. The higher the chromium compound concentration used, the greater %-weight of chromium in the catalyst. It was found that the use of Cr-2%/Charcoal catalyst was able to increase the percentage of cracking liquid yield at the temperature of 550oC as much as 62,44% compared to the percentage of liquid yield from thermal cracking was 60,1% at the same temperature. It was also observed, using the Cr/Charcoal catalyst from impregnation method is more effective than catalyst from ion exchange method. However, the density of the cracking liquid yield is not yet close to the standard density range for fuel.
VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS LOGAM Pb DALAM LIMBAH LABORATORIUM PADA FITOREMEDIASI ECENG GONDOK (EICHORNIA CRASSIPES) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Malina Lina , Kamelia Yayan 
Published: October 2023

Pb merupakan salah satu logam yang sangat berbahaya, Pb dalam limbah laboratorium temasuk kategori limbah B3 bahan berbahaya dan beracun. Oleh karena itu Limbah laboratorium perlu dilakukan proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Salah satu proses pengolahan dengan cara fitoremediasi menggunakan media eceng gondok yang dianggap sebagai gulma dengan metode analisis yang tepat. Menurut Standar Nasional Indonesia SNI 8910-2021, cara uji analisis logam pada limbah dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom atau Inductively Coupled Plasma Optional Emission Spectrometric. Meskipun kedua metode ini sudah tervalidasi, namun ketersediaannya sangat terbatas. Dengan demikian diperlukan metode alternatif lain yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis logam Pb. Metode alternatif lain yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis Pb adalah Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Tujuan peneltian ini untuk memvalidasi metode analisis logam Pb dalam limbah laboratorium pada fitoremediasi eceng gondok dengan menggunakan metode Spektrofometri UV-Vis. Validasi metode analisis Pb dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis mempunyai linearitas yang baik dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,9919, akurasi sebesar 103,17%, presisi sebesar 0.8129%, limit deteksi sebesar 0,5667 ppm sedangkan limit kuantifikasi sebesar 1,889 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil uji parameter validasi tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode analisis logam Pb dalam limbah laboratorium pada fitoremediasi eceng gondok dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan. Hasil Penelitian ini menjadi alternatif penanganan limbah yang ramah lingkungan dengan metode analisis yang efektif dan efisien.
Characterization and validation of a lyophilized Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification method for the detection of Esox lucius
Authors: Jothinarayanan Nivedhitha , Karlsen Frank , Roseng Lars Eric 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In many ways, globalization is beneficial, but in one way, it promotes the spread of alien (invasive) species through international trade and transport. In different habitats, Esox lucius (Northern Pike) can be considered as a regionally alien species, and this fish tend to establish a higher density population than desired in fresh water. Early identification of such invasive species using sensitive and quick methods is important to be able to take immediate measures and avoid environmental problems. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as the best DNA/RNA detection technique, without any expensive equipment and could be used to detect environmental DNA (eDNA). However, the reagents for amplification are not stable at ambient temperature for field applications. Therefore, this work aims to lyophilize the entire reaction mixture as a single microbead, with enzyme, and LAMP primers towards the detection of mitochondrial cytochrome B (Cyt B), a housekeeping gene in Esox lucius. Analytical and molecular techniques were performed to characterize and validate the lyophilized beads, respectively. The lyophilized beads were stored at two different temperatures, at 20 ºC and 4 ºC, and tested for biological activity after different time intervals. The result shows that lyophilized beads are bioactive for almost 30 days when stored at 20 ºC, while beads at 4 ºC did not lose their bioactivity after storage for up to one year. This study will be particularly useful for conducting on-site LAMP analyses in the field, where resources for freezing and storage are limited.
Modeling China's Per Capita Disposable Income by Uncertain Statistics
Authors: Jia Yuxing , Tang Han 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Uncertain statistics is a set of mathematical techniques for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data by uncertainty theory. There are mainly three modeling methods in uncertain statistics: uncertain time series analysis, uncertain regression analysis, and uncertain differential equation. This paper applies these tools to modeling China's per capita disposable income, and employs uncertain hypothesis test to determine whether the estimated uncertain statistical models fit China's per capita disposable income. In addition, this paper shows that it is necessary to use uncertain statistics instead of probability statistics to model China's per capita disposable income by investigating the corresponding residuals.
The severely injured trauma patient – most common surgical life-saving procedures and impact of hemodynamic instability on treatment process
Authors: Witzenhausen Moritz , Hossfeld Björn , Kulla Martin , Beltzer Christian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
There are few data on the most common life-threatening injuries and the corresponding surgical procedures required in trauma patients in German level 1 trauma centres. It is also unclear whether and to what extent hemodynamic instability affects the treatment process in terms of time to surgery, operative time and usage of damage control protocols.
Methods
A retrospective evaluation of all patients with an ISS > 16 admitted to a single level-1 trauma unit between 01/2017 and 09/2022 and subsequentsurgery with vital indication was performed.
Patients with systolic blood pressure > 80 mmHg on arrival were defined as hemodynamicallystable (group 1) and were compared to patients with systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg (hemodynamically unstable; group 2).
A descriptive analysis was performed, and Fisher’s exact testand the Mann‒Whitney U test were used to calculate differences between groups where appropriate.
Results
Sixty patients were included in our study. Of these, 26 (43%) were referred to as hemodynamically unstable, and 34 (57%) were stable. Abdominal bleeding from the spleen (30%), liver (21%) and mesentery (21%) were the most common life-threatening injuries, followed by hemothorax (13%). As a consequence, abdominal surgeons performed life-saving surgical procedures most often (65% vs. vascular surgeons = 18% vs. thoracic surgeons = 14% vs. orthopaedic surgeons = 3%). Between groups 1 and 2, significant differences could be evaluated for time to surgery (107 vs. 70 min.; p < 0.001), ISS (22 vs. 34 points; p < 0.001), duration of surgery (147 vs. 107 min.; p = 0.016), and usage of damage control surgery protocols (53 vs. 88%; p = 0.005).
Conclusion
Our data from a German level 1 trauma centre show that 1) life-threatening injuries in polytrauma patients are most commonlylocated in the abdomen, 2) abdominal surgeons perform life-saving surgical procedures (e.g., bleeding control) most often, 3) haemodynamic instability on arrival reduces time to surgery and operative time, and 4) increases the usage of damage control protocol significantly.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of encapsulated tea polyphenols in chitosan/alginate-coated zein nanoparticles: A possible supplement against fish pathogens in aquaculture
Authors: Fabrikov Dmitri , Varga Ágnes Timea , García María Carmen Vargas , Bélteky Péter , Kozma Gábor , Kónya Zoltán , Martínez Josefa L. López , Barroso Fernando , Sánchez-Muros María José 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Due to the increase inaquaculture facilities, where a large number of animals live in a relatively small area, infectious diseases expanded, resulting in large losses in the sector. These infections not only affectfarmed fish but also spread the pathogens to the ecosystem. Regulation of antibiotic usecalls for the emergence of more sustainable alternative treatments. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a secondary metabolite found mainly in the leaves of Camellia sinensiswith various biological activities. However, EGCG is very susceptible to degradation, which reduces its absorption in the digestive process.
In this work, EGCG and green tea extract were encapsulated in zein nanoparticles stabilisedwith alginate and chitosan to reduce the degradation effect. For all formulations, nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic size of less than 300 nm and an absolute ζ -potential value >30 mV were obtained. The encapsulation efficiency gave values greater than 75% forpolysaccharide-stabilised particles. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS assays) of the encapsulated substances, although lower than those of the free ones, maintained high levels, SC50 of 33.6 and 63.3 μg/mL forEGCG and GTE encapsulated, respectively. On the other hand, the evaluation ofantimicrobial activity, tested against five fish pathogenic bacteria, showed greater efficiency in terms of growth inhibition for nanoparticles with chitosan, with average overall values of around 60 %, although in the specific case of Photobacterium damselae, the most sensitive species, inhibition levels of more than 90 % were recorded. These results support encapsulation as a good strategy forpolyphenolic compounds, since it allows maintaining significant levels of antioxidant activity and increasing the potential for antimicrobial activity, in addition to conferring protection against hostile conditions they may face in their application in the aquaculture sector.
Deep active learning with high structural discriminability for molecular mutagenicity prediction
Authors: He Song , Xu Huiyan , Zhao Yanpeng , Han Junshan , Zan Peng , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The assessment of mutagenicity is essential in drug discovery, as it may lead to cancer and germ cells damage. Although in silico methods have been proposed for mutagenicity prediction, their performance is hindered by the scarcity of labeled molecules. However, experimental mutagenicity testing can be time-consuming and costly. One solution to lower the annotation cost is active learning, where the algorithm actively selects the most valuable samples from a vast chemical space and hands them over to the oracle (e.g., human expert) for annotation. In this paper, we propose TOX-AL, a deep active learning framework, which can actively explore the chemical space and identify the most valuable molecules, resulting in competitive performance with a small number of labeled samples. Compared to the random strategy, TOX-AL can reduce about 57% of training molecules. Surprisingly, TOX-AL exhibits outstanding molecular structural discriminability, allowing it to pick molecules with high structural similarity but opposite properties.
Exploring the factors influencing public willingness for spectator sports consumption：A grounded theory approach
Authors: Wang Fenghao , Zhou Junhua , Fan Chenyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Spectator sports consumption serves as a vital component in the development of the sports industry. Therefore, this study analyzes the willingness to participate in spectator sports consumption from the perspective of consumers. On this basis, we establish a model on the influence of public willingness to participate in spectator sports consumption, and on this basis, we reveal the influence of crucial elements. The results of the study indicate that: Firstly, personal and psychological factors are significant internal drivers, while external drivers cover product and contextual factors. Secondly, the key to filling the attitudinal and behavioral gaps is the depth of perception individually, which is of great importance in increasing public participation. Thirdly, external contextual factors impacting consumer support primarily consist of external incentives, social influences, and urban contextual variables, which also serve a moderating role in the integration model. The results suggest that guiding the public to actively participate in spectator sport consumption should be based on an understanding of individual perceptions, emotions as well as attitudes. This paper develops a model examining public motivation to engage in spectator sports locally in China, pinpoints the primary influencing factors and mechanisms, and presents novel concepts for the sustainable growth of the sports sector.
Analyzing the Flood Intensifying Factors and Mitigation Strategies to Enhance the Flood Resilience in Pakistan: A Novel Hybrid Fuzzy-FUCOM-Fuzzy-WASPAS Approach
Authors: Alam Zeshan , Khan Zeeshan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Communities have been menaced by floods for ages. Geographically, South Asia is one of the most flood prone regions of the world. In South Asia, particularly Pakistan has the long and deadly history of floods causing losses to various infrastructure, lives, and industries. Over the last two decades, frequency and severity of flood events have been increased and has adversely affected the livelihood and well-being of millions of people in Pakistan. Therefore, the nation must develop appropriate risk management policies and procedures. The purpose of this research study is to identify the most appropriate flood risk mitigation strategies that the government of Pakistan should adopt to reduce flood risks. The evaluation of these risk reduction strategies is based on specific criteria. Those criteria are gauged by Fuzzy Full Consistency Method (FUCOM). Moreover, flood risk mitigation strategies are evaluated by using Fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method, considering the previously prioritized criteria. According to results Lack of Governance, Lack of Funding and Resources, and Lack of Flood Control Infrastructure are the most significant flood intensifying factors and act as criteria for assessing flood risk mitigation strategies. Whereas Adopting Hard Engineering Strategies (Dams, Reservoirs, River Straightening & Dredging, Embankments and Flood Relief Channels), Maintaining Existing Infrastructure and Adopting Soft Engineering Strategies (Floodplain zoning, Comprehensive Flood-Risk-Assessment, Sophisticated Flood Modeling) are identified as the most viable top three flood risk mitigation strategies by Fuzzy WASPAS analysis. The highest weight i.e., 0.98 was assigned to the adoption of a hard engineering strategy. Afterwards, a weight of 0.5 was assigned to the strategy of maintaining existing infrastructure and a weight of 0.2 was assigned to the strategy of adopting soft engineering approaches. Lastly, a policy based on these strategies is also recommended to the government of Pakistan to reduce flood losses in future.
Potential of soft-shelled rugby headgear to lower regional brain strain metrics during standard drop tests
Authors: Stitt Danyon , Kabaliuk Natalia , Alexander Keith , Draper Nick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The growing concern for player safety in rugby has led to an increased focus on head impacts. Previous laboratory studies have shown that rugby headgear significantly reduces peak linear and rotational accelerations compared to no headgear. However, these metrics may have limited relevance in assessing the effectiveness of headgear in preventing strain-based brain injuries like concussions. This study used a rapid estimation finite element model to quantify regional brain strain mitigation of rugby headgear during drop tests. Tests were conducted on flat and angled impact surfaces across different heights, using a Hybrid III headform and neck.
Results
Headgear presence generally reduced the peak rotational velocities, with some headgear outperforming others. However, the effect on peak regional brain strains was less consistent. Of the 5 headgear tested, only 2 consistently reduced the peak regional brain strains, but in general only marginally, and in isolated cases, resulted in an increase in the peak regional brain strain. The 3 conventional headgear showed no consistent reduction in the peak regional brain strain while in some conditions, increasing the peak strain.
Conclusions
The presence of rugby headgear may be able to reduce the severity of head impact exposure during rugby. However, to understand how these findings relate to brain strain mitigation in the field, further investigation into the relationship between the impact conditions in this study and those encountered during actual gameplay is necessary.
The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) liquid extract supplemented with whole milk on growth, immune response, antioxidant defence mechanism, and general health of Holstein's calves
Authors: Özkaya Serkan , Pigamov Fahruddin , Erbaş Sabri , Mutlucan Murat , Arın Ulaş Evren , Şanlı Elif Rabia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effects of the supplementation of ginger liquid extract (GLE) to whole milk on the growth, immune response, antioxidative defence mechanism, and general health of Holstein’s calves. Sixteen calves (4-d old) were included in the experiment and randomly assigned to groups, and they were fed whole milk containing GLE at a rate of 0, 0.50, 0.72, and 1% of the milk amount consumed. Calves consuming 1% GLE milk were weaned at an earlier age and gained better body weight (BW) compared to the other groups. The group fed with 0.50% GLE milk consumed less daily starter than the other groups. The supplementation of GLE decreased the fecal score (FS), the number of days with diarrhea (DDN), and illness (IDN) of calves non-significantly. Supplementation of 1% GLE significantly suppressed the growth of E. coli, but its effect on the growth of other pathogenic bacteria was not significant. No negative effect of GLE supplementation on hemogram and biochemical blood parameters was observed. Supplementation of 1% GLE decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values insignificantly, however, it supported the antioxidative defence mechanism and immune response at non-significant. The results obtained study show that 1% GLE supplementation can be effective in raising healthy calves by improving their immune level and antioxidant capacity.
Omental Artery Bleeding: A Rare Complication of Percutaneous Cholecystostomy
Authors: Al-Mehiawi Adil , Common Andrew , Dalton Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCC) is often performed to treat acute cholecystitis in critically ill or high-risk surgical patients. This case report illuminates a rare complication following PCC that has not been previously reported in the literature.
Case Presentation: A 49-year-old male with a complex medical history presented with symptoms indicative of cholecystitis which was confirmed on imaging. The patient underwent PCC with no intra-procedural complications. Post-procedure, the patient experienced a significant drop in vital signs with intraperitoneal free fluid on CT. Prompt fluoroscopy-guided angiography that identified bleeding from an omental artery, along with subsequent embolization of the bleeding artery were crucial in stabilizing the patient's condition.
Conclusion: This case report underscores the importance of comprehensive anatomical understanding, procedural vigilance, and swift response to complications during PCC. The uniqueness of this case lies in the rarity of the complication and the successful management, thereby enriching the existing compendium of knowledge on PCC-associated risks.