bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of patients with mitral annular disjunction undergoing mitral valve repair
Authors: Muneretto Claudio , D'Alonzo Michele , Baudo Massimo , Como Lydia , Segala Anna , Zanin Francesca , Rosati Fabrizio , Benussi Stefano , Di Bacco Lorenzo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is an abnormal displacement of the posterior mitral leaflet into the left atrial wall, potentially leading to left ventricular dysfunction, malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death. This study investigates the outcomes of patients with and without MAD undergoing mitral valve repair for valve prolapse (MVP).

METHODS
The study retrospectively collected a single-center experience from 2021 to 2023 on 326 consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve repair for MVP. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of MAD. After propensity score matching 1:1, two comparable groups of 50 patients were obtained. Primary endpoints included hospital survival and early failure of the repair. Composite secondary endpoint included major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) such as reoperation, residual regurgitation ≥2, severe postoperative left ventricle (LV) dysfunction requiring prolonged (&gt;3 days) inotropic support, cardiac arrhythmias and overall survival.

RESULTS
After matching, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of preoperative characteristics. Hospital mortality was 0% in both groups, and there were no significant differences in terms of early reoperation (0%) or residual mitral regurgitation ≥2 or major atrial/VA. Nevertheless, patients with MAD presented a greater need for prolonged inotropic and mechanical circulatory support (IABP/ECMO): No-MAD 0% vs MAD 10% (P = 0.050). However, the composite outcome at midterm follow-up was similar between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Mitral valve repair in patients with MAD was associated with a significantly higher incidence of early LV dysfunction requiring mechanical support. However, no difference was found in terms of survival at follow-up.
Long-term clinical outcomes in patients between the age of 50–70 years receiving biological versus mechanical aortic valve prostheses
Authors: Chan Jeremy , Narayan Pradeep , Fudulu Daniel P , Dong Tim , Vohra Hunaid A , Angelini Gianni D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The last 2 decades have seen an incremental use of biological over mechanical prostheses. However, while short-term clinical outcomes are largely equivalent, there is still controversy about long-term outcomes.

METHODS
All patients between the ages of 50 and 70 years undergoing elective/urgent isolated aortic valve replacement at our institute between 1996 and 2023 were included. Trends, early, and long-term outcomes were investigated.

RESULTS
A total of 1708 (61% male) patients with a median age of 63.60 (interquartile range: 58.28–67.0) years were included of which 1191 (69.7%) received a biological prosthesis. After inverse propensity score weighting, there were no short-term differences when comparing patients receiving biological and mechanical valves. However, patients who received mechanical prostheses had better long-term survival (P &lt; 0.001). Sub-group analysis revealed that patients with biological size 19 mm prosthesis had the worst long-term survival. Patients with a size 21-mm mechanical prosthesis had better survival compared to both size 19-mm [hazard ratio (HR) 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–0.37, P &lt; 0.001], 21-mm (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.23–0.48, P &lt; 0.001) and 23-mm (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.27–0.60, P &lt; 0.001) biological prosthesis. Additionally, patients with severe patient–prosthesis mismatch exhibited the lowest survival rate compared to those with moderate or no (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.21–2.00, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients aged between 50 and 70 years with a mechanical aortic prosthesis had better long-term survival compared to those with a biological prosthesis. Our study underscores the need for a critical re-evaluation of prosthesis selection strategies in this age group.
A survey on the implementation of family doctor contract services in China from the perspective of resident demand
Authors: Zhang Yue-Ling , Yang Yuan-Can 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
To understand the implementation of the family doctor contract service system in China from the perspective of resident demand.

Methods
A stratified random sampling design was employed to survey 6380 residents across the eastern, central, and western regions of China. Data were processed using SPSS 22.0 and Python, and statistical methods such as chi-square and rank sum tests were applied. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of various factors.

Results
(i) Overall implementation of the family doctor contract service system in China: (a) Nationwide awareness rate was 64.73%, with a contracting rate of 12.98%. (b) The overall satisfaction score for the implementation of contracted services was 3.78 out of 5, indicating general satisfaction. (ii) Regional implementation of the family doctor contract service system in the eastern, central, and western regions: (a) Awareness in the eastern region (67.76%) was higher than the national average (64.73%), while it was lower in the central region (60.44%). (b) The contracting rate in the eastern region (15.02%) was also above the national average, with the western region having the lowest rate (12.28%) but the highest willingness to contract.

Conclusion
The current state of implementation of China’s family doctor contract service system is far from the goals set out in the “Guidance on Promoting High-Quality Development of Family Doctor Contract Services”. Inadequate promotion of the system and subpar service quality post-contract have led to low public trust and satisfaction. The construction of family doctor teams and the contract service guarantee mechanism remain underdeveloped.
Bark beetle infestation alters mycobiomes in wood, litter, and soil associated with Norway spruce
Authors: Masch Diana , Buscot François , Rohe Wolfgang , Goldmann Kezia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent exceptionally hot and dry summers provoked massive bark beetle outbreaks in German forests, which killed many conifers, forcing to clear-cut complete non-mature stands. The importance of fungi in ecosystems in particular in association with trees is widely recognized, but the ecology of how insect infestations of trees affect their mycobiomes remains poorly understood. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we investigated fungal communities in soil, litter, and stem wood at early and late stages of bark beetle infestation in a Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] stand in Central Germany. Fungal diversity decreased from soil to wood, with the highest proportion of unknown fungi in stem wood. Lifestyles, particularly of those fungi associated with stem wood, clearly changed depending on the infestation stage. The answer of tree-associated fungi to beetle infestation was characterized by an increasing community dissimilarity among all three habitats, i.e. it concerned not only the above-ground fungal communities directly connected to the tree. Our study, thus, pinpoints the cascading effects of tree infestations by bark beetles and subsequent tree diebacks on the proximate and distant mycobiomes of the plant soil system, which should be entirely considered to tackle the effects of environmental events on tree health.
Properties of the Ureaplasma parvum structural maintenance of chromosomes protein related to its interaction with DNA
Authors: Rumyantseva Natalia A , Shutov Vladimir M , Belenkaia Dina G , Alekseev Aleksandr A , Morozova Natalia E , Vedyaykin Alexey D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) ATPase proteins are integral components of complexes bearing the same name, crucial for the spatial organization of DNA across diverse life forms, spanning bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. It is proposed that in bacteria, SMC complexes facilitate DNA compaction through loop extrusion and aid in the segregation of daughter nucleoids. In this paper, the properties of the SMC ATPase protein from Ureaplasma parvum were investigated by using a spectrum of methods, including conventional biochemical methods as well as advanced single-molecule techniques. Our findings reveal distinctive properties of this protein compared to its extensively studied homologue from Bacillus subtilis. Notably, our results suggest that U. parvum Smc ATPase facilitates DNA compaction even in the absence of ATP.
Production and characterization of levans with different molecular weights synthesized by Bacillus licheniformis ZM107
Authors: Yan Jingqi , Zhao Xiangying , Liu Liping , Zhang Jiaxiang , Ma Jing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Levan, a fructan-type polysaccharide with diverse applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology, has garnered significant attention for its functional properties, such as prebiotic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the effects of fermentation temperature, sucrose concentration, and incubation time on the molecular weight of levan produced by Bacillus licheniformis fermentation were investigated. The results showed that as the temperature (37°C–50°C) and sucrose concentration (300–500 g l−1) increased, the molecular weight of levan produced by the strain during fermentation decreased. At the same time, the molecular weight initially increased and then decreased with longer culture times, indicating that levan within a specific size range could be produced by controlling the fermentation conditions. In addition, the properties and characteristics of levan produced by fermentation at two molecular weights (HML and LML) were compared. The results showed that molecular weight significantly affected the micromorphology, thermal behavior, rheological properties, and prebiotic activity of levan. Therefore, this study demonstrated that Bacillus licheniformis SFLV-ZM107 can produce low molecular weight levan, and its molecular weight can be controlled through fermentation conditions. Consequently, the properties and functions of levan can be influenced, allowing the production of levans with the desired characteristics.
Can machine translation of literary texts fool stylometry?
Authors: Rybicki Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article uses standard authorship-attribution stylometry to tell machine translations made with DeepL and Google Translate from human translations. This is done using a Burrows-like distance measure procedure of cluster analysis, later visualized through network analysis. Using a corpus of French literary classics translated into English by humans and machines as illustration, this article shows that, in most cases, translations of each text were very similar irrespective of the type of translator. Discrepancies in this respect were only found between translations of authors writing in very complex style (Proust). On the other hand, sentence length distribution compared with the Dynamic Time Warping Distance method was much more indicative of whether translations were made by humans or by machines.
A model-independent approach to the study of structure growth in f(R) gravity
Authors: MacDevette Kelly , Worsley Jess , Dunsby Peter , Chakraborty Saikat 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Over the last decade, much attention has been given to the study of modified gravity theories to find a more natural explanation for the late-time acceleration of the Universe. Particular attention has focused on the so-called $f(R)$ dark energy models. Instead of focusing on a particular $f(R)$ model, we present a completely model-independent approach to study the background dynamics and the growth of matter density perturbations for those $f(R)$ models that mimic the Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) evolution at the background level. We do this by characterizing the dynamics of the gravitational field using a set of dimensionless variables and using cosmography to determine the expansion history. We then illustrate the integrity of this method by fixing the cosmography to be the same as an exact $\Lambda$CDM model, allowing us to test the solution. We compare the exact evolution of the density contrast and growth index with what one obtains from various levels of the quasi-static approximation, without choosing the form of $f(R)$ dark energy.
Fundamental MHD scales – II. The kinematic phase of the supersonic small-scale dynamo
Authors: Kriel Neco , Beattie James R , Federrath Christoph , Krumholz Mark R , Hew Justin Kin Jun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Many astrophysical small-scale dynamos (SSDs) amplify weak magnetic fields via highly compressible, supersonic turbulence, but most established SSD theories have only considered incompressible flows. To address this gap, we perform viscoresistive SSD simulations across a range of sonic Mach numbers ($\mathcal {M}$), hydrodynamic Reynolds numbers ($\mathrm{Re}$), and magnetic Prandtl numbers ($\mathrm{Pm}$), focusing on the exponential growth phase. From these simulations, we develop robust measurements of the kinetic and magnetic energy dissipation scales ($\ell _\nu$ and $\ell _\eta$, respectively), and show that $\ell _\nu /\ell _\eta \sim \mathrm{Pm}^{1/2}$ is a universal feature of turbulent ($\mathrm{Re} \ge \mathrm{Re}_\mathrm{crit} \approx 100$), $\mathrm{Pm} \ge 1$ SSDs, regardless of $\mathcal {M}$. We also measure the scale of maximum magnetic field strength ($\ell _\mathrm{p}$), where we confirm that incompressible SSDs (where either $\mathcal {M} \le 1$ or $\mathrm{Re} \lt \mathrm{Re}_\mathrm{crit}$) concentrate magnetic energy at $\ell _\mathrm{p} \sim \ell _\eta$ with inversely correlated field strength and curvature. By contrast, for compressible SSDs (where $\mathcal {M} \gt 1$ and $\mathrm{Re} \ge \mathrm{Re}_\mathrm{crit}$), shocks concentrate magnetic energy in large, overdense, coherent structures with $\ell _\mathrm{p} \sim (\ell _\mathrm{turb} / \ell _\mathrm{shock})^{1/3} \ell _\eta \gg \ell _\eta$, where $\ell _\mathrm{shock}$ is the characteristic shock width, and $\ell _\mathrm{turb}$ is the outer scale of the turbulent field. When $\mbox{Pm}\lt \mbox{Re}^{2/3}$, the shift of $\ell _\mathrm{p}$ (from the incompressible to compressible flow regime) is large enough to move the peak magnetic energy scale out of the subviscous range, and the plasma converges on a hierarchy of scales: $\ell _\mathrm{turb}\gt \ell _\mathrm{p}\gt \ell _\mathrm{shock}\gt \ell _\nu \gt \ell _\eta$. In the compressible flow regime, more broadly, we also find that magnetic field-line curvature becomes nearly independent of the field strength, not because the field geometry has changed, but instead the field becomes locally amplified through flux-frozen compression by shocks. These results have implications for various astrophysical plasma environments in the early Universe, and cosmic ray transport models in the interstellar medium.
Mind the gaps: improved methods for the detection of periodicities in unevenly sampled data
Authors: Gúrpide Andrés , Middleton Matthew 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The detection of periodic signals in irregularly sampled time series is a problem commonly encountered in astronomy. Traditional tools used for periodic searches, such as the periodogram, have poorly defined statistical properties under irregular sampling, which complicate inferring the underlying aperiodic variability used for hypothesis testing. The problem is exacerbated in the presence of stochastic variability, which can be easily mistaken for genuine periodic behaviour, particularly in the case of poorly sampled light curves. Here, we present a method based on Gaussian Processes (GPs) modelling for period searches and characterization, specifically developed to overcome these problems. We argue that in cases of irregularly sampled time series, GPs offer an appealing alternative to traditional periodograms because the known distribution of the data (correlated Gaussian) allows a well-defined likelihood to be constructed. We exploit this property and draw from existing statistical methods to perform traditional likelihood ratio tests for an additional (quasi-)periodic component, using the aperiodic variability inferred from the data as the null hypothesis. Inferring the noise from the data allows the method to be fully generalizable, with the only condition that the data can be described as a Gaussian process. We demonstrate the method by applying it to a variety of objects showing varying levels of noise and data quality. Limitations of the method are discussed, and a package implementing the proposed methodology is made publicly available.
Weak emission-line quasars: a new clue from their optical variability
Authors: Kumar Ritish , Krishna Gopal- , Chand Hum , Negi Vibhore 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Weak emission-line quasars (WLQs) are an enigmatic subclass of the QSO population, as their optical/UV spectra are marked by abnormally weak (or absent) emission lines. To obtain much-needed additional clues to the origin of this and other known peculiarities of WLQs, we have determined the ‘ensemble’ optical variability characteristics for a large, well-defined sample of 76 radio-quiet WLQs and also for a matched control sample comprising 603 normal radio-quiet QSOs. This analysis was done using their light curves recorded in the g and r bands, under the Zwicky Transient Facility survey during 2018–2024, with a typical cadence of 3 d. We find that, compared to normal QSOs, WLQs exhibit systematically milder optical variability on month/year-like time-scales (by a factor of $\sim$1.76 $\pm$ 0.05 in amplitude). We have independently verified this by carrying out an equivalent analysis of the V-band light curves acquired under the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey during 2007–2014, with a typical cadence of 10 d. This new observational differentiator between WLQs and normal QSOs may provide clues to understanding the intriguing nature of WLQs. It is proposed that the clumpiness of the torus material flowing into the central engine may play a key role in explaining the observed differences between the WLQs and normal QSOs.
Synchrotron-based correlative imaging of metals and proteins in neuronal cells: state of the art and future challenges in neurometallomics
Authors: Kelkoul Ines , Muñoz Virginia Puente , Ortega Richard , Carmona Asuncion 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metal homeostasis in the nervous system is subtly regulated and changes in metal distribution or content, either increases or decreases, are associated with neurodegeneration or cognitive impairment. Determining the localization and quantification of metals in different types of neurons is important information for understanding their role in neurobiology. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging is a powerful technique that provides very high sensitivity and high spatial resolution for imaging metals in cells. However, additional biological information is often required to correlate the subcellular localization of metals with specific proteins or organelles. The purpose of this article is to review the studies in neuroscience that correlate metal imaging by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence with protein localization by other techniques. This article highlights the diversity of correlative modalities that have been used, from fluorescence to super-resolution and infrared microscopy, and the wealth of information that has been extracted, but also discusses some current limitations. Future developments are needed, particularly for direct imaging of metals and proteins with a single instrument.
“Let’s Think in Layers”: On Twenty-First-Century Instruments of Public Music Theory
Authors: O’Hara William 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article analyzes the provocative interaction between J. Daniel Jenkins’s (2025) notion of hidden music theories and music theorists, and Alexander Rehding’s (2016a, 2016b) idea of music-theoretical instruments. Both concepts show music theory’s propensity to emerge from sources that might go unnoticed, or that even seem to conceal themselves. I analyze several YouTube videos by Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) musicians who, in their illustrations of music production, also highlight novel approaches to musical structure, the roles of tempo and non-musical sounds, and the affordances of different musical interfaces and methods of visualization. These analyses demonstrate how DAWs might operate as instruments of music theory; how the genre of “session breakdown” constitutes a form of public music theory, blending conceptual ideas with analytical insight; and, more broadly, how tools for doing music theory can intersect with and greatly expand the sphere of public music theory.
Return Predictability, Expectations, and Investment: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Andries Marianne , Bianchi Milo , Huynh Karen K , Pouget Sébastien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In an investment experiment, we show variations in information affect beliefs and decision-making within the information-beliefs-decisions chain. Subjects observe the time series of a risky asset and a signal that, in random rounds, helps predict returns. Subjects form extrapolative forecasts following a signal they perceive as useless, and their investment decisions underreact to their beliefs. If the same subjects perceive the signal as predictive, they rationally use it in their forecasts, they no longer extrapolate, and they rely significantly more on their forecasts when making risk allocations. Analyzing investments without observing forecasts and information sets leads to erroneous interpretations.
Impact of Early Auditory Processing on Negative Symptom Response to Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia
Authors: Saperstein Alice M , Brennan Ryan , Qian Min , Javitt Daniel C , Medalia Alice 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Early auditory processing (EAP) has increasingly become a focus of efforts to identify markers of treatment response in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Assessment of baseline need provides an opportunity for cognitive remediation (CR) programs that include EAP training to personalize treatment and optimize its impact. CR has been shown to help reduce negative symptoms, but less is known about how EAP tailoring may influence this relationship. This study hypothesized a differential benefit of EAP training on negative symptom reduction for those with and without baseline EAP deficits as defined by performance on the Tone Matching Test.

Study Design
150 outpatient adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were classified as having intact (44.7%) or impaired (55.3%) EAP and were randomly assigned to CR that either included EAP training (N = 77) or did not (N = 73). Negative symptom improvement was measured via the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale posttreatment and 3 months later.

Study Results
CR resulted in significant negative symptom improvement in the sample overall. Only EAP impaired participants demonstrated significant negative symptom benefit from EAP training. EAP impaired participants who did not receive embedded auditory training had near-zero reductions in negative symptom severity.

Conclusions
These findings extend prior research on cognitive remediation as treatment for negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that routine assessment of EAP is critical for personalizing and optimizing a response to CR that is clinically significant for both cognitive and negative symptoms.