bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducible fabrication of point contacts 10–100 nm in diameter and their electrical properties
Authors: Kasumov A. Y. , Kislov N. A. , Kononenko O. V. , Matveev V. N. 
Published: February 2025

Point contacts were made using a transmission scanning electron microscope. A layer of metal about 100 nm thick was deposited onto a silicon membrane (SiO2 film on a Si substrate). Then two tracks 2 μm thick were etched in the metal and SiO2. The tracks were made in the shape of a cross so that they could divide the membrane into four electrically isolated parts. The membrane (SiO2 film) was cut through. In the space between the membrane edges the desirable microstructure was provided by electron beam scanning over the membrane surface and in the space beyond. The interaction between the electron beam and the hydrocarbon molecules adsorbed at the surface produced a hydrocarbon filament 10–100 nm in diameter (which depends on the scanning condition). The thread continued to grow beyond the membrane towards the beam scanning, which seems to be due to the surface diffusion of the hydrocarbon atoms stimulated by the electron irradiation.
One of the ways of making point contacts was as follows. Two hydrocarbon threads were being grown approaching each other from the opposite edges of the cut membrane until the clearing between the thread ends was about 10 nm. Then a layer 1–10 nm thick of metal or superconductor (ordinary or HTS) was evaporated onto the threads until the clearing gradually disappeared and a direct contact was formed. In parallel, the electric properties of the point contacts were studied in the process of transition from the tunnel contact to that with direct conductivity.
Computational wide-field imaging of poplar embolism and wound-response with a deployable microscope
Authors: Ingold Alexander , Darci-Maher Nicholas , Yang Edison , Sorenson Reed , Sieburth Leslie , Groover Andrew , Menon Rajesh 
Published: February 2025

Low-cost, minimally invasive microscopy for tracking cellular dynamics in living plants within their natural ecosystems is crucial for addressing fundamental questions in plant ecology and biology. However, existing solutions are constrained by coarse resolution, limited field-of-view (FoV), and poor deployability in natural settings. Here, we utilize a compact, portable microscope (“miniscope”) for label-free (autofluorescence) imaging in living poplar wood. We systematically implement and evaluate multiple computational methods to enhance resolution and FoV. Our optimal computational pipeline, comprising maximal intensity projection, deconvolution, and flat-field correction, increases resolution by up to 39% on-axis and up to 49% at the field edges, resolving features of 2.87 μm, averaged over a FoV of ∼1 mm (diameter), compared with a 4.34 μm baseline. We demonstrate microscopy within the tissue of a living poplar plant in our greenhouse, observing the embolism of vessel elements, wound response, and tissue deformation from moisture evaporation.
Electronic structure and performance analysis of a pentagraphene based thermoelectric generator
Authors: Girma Mulgeta , Wakjira Tadesse Lemma , Hussien Kedir , Tadele Kumneger , Kelil Seyfan 
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the potential of pentagraphene (PG) as a high-performance thermoelectric material for energy conversion applications. Electronic structure calculations revealed that PG is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap energy of 2.11 eV and exhibits anisotropic dielectric and plasmon properties. The phonon dispersion calculation shows that the material is dynamically stable under small perturbations. Furthermore, compared with graphene, PG has a lower phononic thermal conductivity. Thermoelectric property calculations show that PG has a significantly higher figure of merit (ZT) of 0.15 at 300 K than graphene, with a ZT of 0.009. Moreover, the ZT of PG increases with temperature, reaching 0.52 at 900 K. Simulations of a PG-based thermoelectric generator (TEG) demonstrate an efficiency of 7% at a heat source temperature of 900 K. This finding suggests that PG possesses thermoelectric properties superior to those of graphene and holds significant potential for the development of more efficient and practical TEGs, particularly for applications requiring moderate temperatures.
Investigation on high-temperature thermal conductivity in YTaO4 ceramics via 3-Omega method
Authors: Wang Shuaiqi , Zhang Hongmeng , Cheng Yi , Cao Qian , Gao Yixuan , Zhu Haiqiang , Huang Hongrui , Yang Hao , Ji Yanda 
Published: February 2025

Thermal barrier coatings are essential for enhancing the performance and efficiency of high-performance systems, such as aerospace engines and gas turbines, by providing thermal protection at high temperatures. This study investigates YTaO4 ceramic, a material with notable high-temperature stability, low thermal conductivity, and strong corrosion resistance, making it a promising alternative for thermal barrier coatings. However, precise measurement of YTaO4’s thermal conductivity under high-temperature conditions poses a significant challenge. To address this, we employed the 3-Omega method, a transient technique well-suited for accurately measuring thermal conductivity across a wide temperature range from 300 to 700 K. The results indicate a decreasing trend in thermal conductivity with increasing temperature, exhibiting YTaO4’s potential as a high-temperature thermal barrier coating material with superior thermal insulation properties. This study not only demonstrates the utility of the 3-Omega method for characterizing thermal properties at high temperatures but also highlights its value for advancing research in high-performance materials tailored for thermal management in advanced engineering applications.
Linguistic hegemony in academia
Authors: Allaithy Ahmed , Zaki Mai , Khaldi Boutheina , Al-Kaisi Meis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research paper addresses the complex interplay between multilingualism and the pervasive dominance of the
English language in academic publishing, particularly focusing on Arabic academic publications in the humanities. This study
adopts a comprehensive research methodology, employing both qualitative and quantitative analyses to investigate Arabic research
representation in English-dominated academic journals, particularly those indexed in Scopus across various humanities disciplines
such as Language and Linguistics, Literature, Islamic Studies, and Translation. The analysis utilizes bibliometric data from
Scopus, focusing on publications from 1970 to 2023 that feature “Arabic,” “Arab,” or “Islamic” in their titles, abstracts, or
keywords. The results indicate a significant underrepresentation of Arabic scholarship, with English accounting for 85% of
publications and Arabic barely reaching 1.1%. The discrepancies in publication trends are obvious, on the levels of countries,
author affiliations as well as language of publication. Overall, the results highlight the hegemonic nature of academic
publishing, the marginalization of valuable Arabic research and the challenges Arabic-speaking scholars face in gaining
recognition. Finally, the study addresses the broader implications of linguistic dominance on global knowledge production and
advocates for a more inclusive scholarly landscape that values linguistic diversity through specific recommendations.
On the partial volume effect in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Good Hayden J , Sanders Toby , Melnyk Andrii , Mohtasebzadeh A Rahman , Imhoff Eric Daniel , Goodwill Patrick , Rinaldi-Ramos Carlos M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tomographic ‘hot spot’ imaging modality with potential to visualize superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle tracer distributions with high sensitivity and quantitative accuracy. MPI shares many similarities with positron emission tomography (PET), where the partial volume effect (PVE) can result in signal under- and over-quantification due to spill-over of signal arising from limited resolution. While the PVE has been alluded to in the MPI literature it has not been previously studied nor characterized. The objective of this study was to systematically characterize this PVE in MPI. Approach. This contribution characterizes the PVE using models of varying size and shape filled with a uniform concentration of tracer. The effect of object size on signal distribution was analyzed after application of a new image post-processing filter. Main results. As object size increased, signal distribution increased to a maximum signal value independent of object geometry and proportional to tracer concentration. Furthermore, for small objects with characteristic dimensions below the resolution of the tracer at the scanning conditions used, signal suppression was observed. These results are consistent with foundational observations of PVE in PET, suggesting that approaches to overcome the PVE in PET may be applicable to MPI. Significance. This finding has significant impact on the MPI field by demonstrating the presence of the PVE phenomenon that can directly influence imaging results.
FLANet: A multiscale temporal convolution and spatial-spectral attention network for EEG artifact removal with adversarial training
Authors: Wang Junkongshuai , Luo Yangjie , Wang Haoran , Wang Lu , Zhang Lihua , Gan Zhongxue , Kang Xiaoyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. Denoising artifacts, such as noise from muscle or cardiac activity, is a crucial and ubiquitous concern in neurophysiological signal processing, particularly for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in electroencephalograph (EEG) analysis. Novel methods based on deep learning demonstrate a notably prominent effect compared to traditional denoising approaches. However, those still suffer from certain limitations. Some methods often neglect the multi-domain characteristics of the artifact signal. Even among those that do consider these, there are deficiencies in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and computation cost. Approach. In this study, we propose a multiscale temporal convolution and spatial-spectral attention network with adversarial training for automatically filtering artifacts, named filter artifacts network (FLANet). The multiscale convolution module can extract sufficient temporal information and the spatial-spectral attention network can extract not only non-local similarity but also spectral dependencies. To make data denoising more efficient and accurate, we adopt adversarial training with novel loss functions to generate outputs that are closer to pure signals. Main results. The results show that the method proposed in this paper achieves great performance in artifact removal and valid information preservation on EEG signals contaminated by different types of artifacts. This approach enables a more optimal trade-off between denoising efficacy and computational overhead. Significance. The proposed artifact removal framework facilitates the implementation of an efficient denoising method, contributing to the advancement of neural analysis and neural engineering, and can be expected to be applied to clinical research and to realize novel human-computer interaction systems.
Unifying Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics via Adynamical Global Constraints
Authors: Stuckey W.M. , Silberstein Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Maxwell unified the disparate concepts of electric and magnetic fields with one theory (electromagnetism) and Einstein then unified the disparate theories of electromagnetism and mechanics with one kinematics (Minkowski space of special relativity). In this talk, we will briefly explain how the disparate kinematics of quantum mechanics (finite-dimensional Hilbert space) and special relativity can be unified with one principle (relativity principle). This result follows from the axiomatic reconstruction of quantum mechanics via information-theoretic principles, which has successfully recast quantum mechanics as a principle theory a la Einstein, i.e., the formalism of the theory follows from an empirically discovered fact, just like special relativity. According to the quantum reconstruction program, the empirically discovered fact whence the Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics is Information Invariance & Continuity. Of course, the empirically discovered fact whence the Lorentz transformations of special relativity is the light postulate, i.e., everyone measures the same value for the speed of light c, regardless of their relative motions. Obviously, the light postulate can be justified by the relativity principle—the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames—because c is a constant of Nature per Maxwell’s electromagnetism. [We label this “NPRF + c” for short, where NPRF stands for “no preferred reference frame.”] As we will show, Information Invariance & Continuity can also be justified by the relativity principle by first spatializing the quantum reconstruction program’s operational notion of measurement. In that case, Information Invariance & Continuity entails the empirically discovered fact that everyone measures the same value for Planck’s constant h, regardless of their relative spatial orientations or locations (Planck postulate). Since Poincar’e transformations relate inertial reference frames via spatial rotations and translations as well as boosts, and h is a constant of Nature per Planck’s radiation law, the relativity principle justifies the Planck postulate (NPRF + h) just like it justifies the light postulate (NPRF + c). Thus, the kinematics of quantum mechanics and special relativity are unified in that both follow most fundamentally from the relativity principle in the adynamical global constraints NPRF + h and NPRF + c. This approach provides a principle solution to the mystery of quantum entanglement that does not violate locality, statistical independence, intersubjective agreement, or the uniqueness of experimental outcomes and it does not alter quantum mechanics as a principle theory. An ontology consistent with this unification is introduced and we deflate both the ‘big’ and ‘small’measurement problems.
Unifying Perspectives: All-encompassing Reality vs. All-inclusive Physics
Authors: Athalye Vikram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article1 presents a two-part proposal aimed at exploring “reality” through unifying perspectives and universally consistent foundations. Both parts are inspired by Erwin Schrödinger’s principle of objectivation, particularly the function of the ‘Subject of Cognizance’ embedded within it, and the (seemingly unresolvable, yet inescapable!) issue of the ‘location’ of the boundary between the ‘observed’ and the ‘observer’ that arises in the interpretation of quantum theory. In the first part, it is argued that different interpretations of quantum theory could be viewed as complementary rather than as alternatives, for each interpretation provides insight into different aspects of reality, and thus, integrating perspectives from multiple quantum interpretations can offer a more holistic understanding of reality than relying on a single interpretation. The plausibility of this argument is explained with a brief reference to the phenomenon of electron double-slit interference. The second part of the proposal asserts that, it is essential to eliminate any discrepancy between the way in which the terms ‘physics’ and ‘reality’ are regarded in scientific inquiry, for developing a universal, all-encompassing and consistent world view of the latter — emphasising that not only the ‘observed’ but also the ‘observer’ (considered here as the measuring instrument or apparatus) and the ‘Subject of Cognizance’ (viewed here as the conscious observer) are integral parts of the whole reality. This assertion is supported by some specific remarks of Richard Feynman and David Bohm.
Using Nontraditional Checks
Authors: Deeks Ashley S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses on the role that nontraditional actors play as checks on the executive branch, pushing back on the assumption that the actors discussed in Chapter 4 are the only ones positioned to track secret government activity and assess whether that activity comports with our public law values. These nontraditional actors include foreign allies that are U.S. partners in NATO or the Five Eyes, some U.S. state and local officials, and technology companies and defense contractors. These actors have specific expertise in new threats and targets, access to information or infrastructure that the federal government needs to execute its national security mission, and legal or political commitments not to reveal the information. The chapter explains how these actors can enhance government compliance with public law values and offers normative proposals for improving their efforts. It concludes by noting that the public itself can work to peel back the curtain of secrecy using lawful tools and, even absent classified information, can articulate its views about unclassified AI systems that may have classified analogues behind that curtain.
Conclusion
Authors: Deeks Ashley S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Conclusion revisits key lessons and themes of the book. It returns to the hypothetical scenario with which the book started, demonstrating how the solutions proposed in prior chapters would help address the double black box problem that manifests itself in the scenario. This chapter concludes that there is no single solution to the double black box and that each actor discussed in Chapters 4 and 5 has an important role to play in ensuring that the U.S. government complies with its public law values. Deep down, it argues that all must remain active participants in this shared project.
A New El amor brujo
Authors: Hess Carol A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Falla took many of these critiques to heart. He decided to transform El amor brujo into a ballet, and in 1925, it premiered in his beloved Paris. This version, featuring the celebrated Spanish-Argentine dancer “La Argentina,” proved a great success. This chapter outlines Falla’s adjustments to the 1915 pantomime and tracks his development of the orchestral suite, the format in which El amor brujo is most frequently heard today. At the same time, the concert pianist Artur Rubinstein began performing and recording an arrangement for solo piano of the “Ritual Fire Dance,” the most famous number from El amor brujo. While Falla’s orchestral suite of El amor brujo began to acquire its international reputation the “Ritual Fire Dance” gained ground as a crowd-pleasing encore. Some artists even programmed it alongside “light” numbers such as “Variations on Yankee Doodle.” Thus the question raised by the 1915 premiere of El amor brujo persisted: serious or popular?
Assessing the Participation of Ex-Ministers as Constitutional Judges
Authors: Möschel Mathias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter details the benefits and risks the participation of ex-ministers brings to constitutional courts. In terms of benefits those can be summarized as the possession of specific expertise and knowledge regarding the political machinery of the country, something that a law professor or judge might not necessarily have. Moreover, such personalities may bring a certain diversity of viewpoints and socio-professional background as well as a certain prestige and a standing to an institution that an unknown or anonymous judge or law professor may not have. As to the risks, they concern the question of politicization, separation of powers, independence and (objective) impartiality but also organizational ones arising from the difficulties to allocate cases or too much visibility when (political) scandals of ex-ministers drag constitutional courts into the public eye.
Deprescribing in cognitively vulnerable older people: development and validation of STOPPCog criteria
Authors: McGettigan Siobhan , Curtin Denis , O’Mahony Denis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To validate STOPPCog, a list of explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in cognitively vulnerable older adults.

Design
A Delphi consensus survey of an expert panel comprising academic geriatricians, old age psychiatrists, general practitioners, and clinical pharmacists.

Setting
Ireland.

Subjects
Nine panellists.

Methods
STOPPCog criteria were initially created by the authors based on clinical experience and literature appraisal. Criteria were organised according to drug/drug class. Using Delphi consensus methodology, panellists ranked their agreement with each criterion on a 5-point Likert scale and provided written feedback. Criteria with a median value of 1 or 2 (strongly agree/agree) and a 25th centile value of ≤2 were included in the final list.

Results
All panellists completed two Delphi consensus validation rounds. Twenty-five criteria were proposed initially, twenty were accepted. One criterion was rejected (multi-vitamin supplements), and four criteria were rephrased (two of these were combined to one criterion for greater clarity). The final list comprised 23 criteria that are arranged in six subgroups i.e. (i) drugs with anticholinergic properties taken daily; (ii) drugs with sedative properties taken daily; (iii) drugs that may exacerbate psychotic symptoms in patients with alpha-synuclein pathology; (iv) drugs used for chronic pain; (v) drugs without proven efficacy for dementia taken daily; (vi) drugs that are of no proven benefit in advanced stage dementia i.e. clinical dementia rating of 3.0 where palliation may be appropriate.

Conclusion
STOPPCog comprises 23 criteria relating to medications that are potentially inappropriate in cognitively vulnerable older adults. STOPPCog may assist physicians in deprescribing medications in this patient population.
Utilisation of nursing home care before and after the 2015 Dutch national reform: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: MacNeil Vroomen Janet L , Wammes Joost D , Wouterse Bram , Smalbrugge Martin , Murphy Terrence E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The Netherlands introduced abrupt, large-scale, long-term care (LTC) reforms in 2015 that promoted ageing-in-place. However, there has been no comprehensive population-level study evaluating how these reforms have impacted nursing home (NH) utilisation. This study examines the association between the 2015 reforms with national monthly rates of NH admissions and survival time amongst newly admitted older adults.

Methods
We analysed population data from Statistics Netherlands (2011–2019), conducting an interrupted time-series analysis to compare monthly NH admission rates before and after the 2015 reforms amongst adults aged 65 and older (N = 402 350). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the reform’s impact on mortality risk amongst newly admitted residents.

Results
The adjusted NH admission rate before the reform was 88.80 per 100 000 older adults (95% CI (confidence interval): 82.36–95.83), compared to 69.82 per 100 000 after the reform (95% CI: 65.91–73.78), indicating a significant reduction (incident rate ratio: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74–0.86). Over a 3-year follow-up, the average survival time for those admitted after the reform was 608 days (95% CI: 608.72–610.74), compared to 622.52 days (95% CI: 620.59–624.45) for those admitted before the reform. The reform was associated with a slightly increased mortality risk (hazard ratio: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07).

Conclusions
The 2015 Dutch LTC reform is associated with a reduction in national NH admissions and a decrease in average survival time of 2 weeks.