bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mythology
Authors: Leeming David Adams 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What makes something mythic? What do mythic events and narratives have to do with us? In Mythology, David Leeming offers an unusual and effective approach to the subject of mythology by stressing universal themes through myths of many cultures. This anthology collects a wide array of narrative texts from the Bible to English literature to interpretations by Joseph Campbell, C.G. Jung, and others, which illustrate how myths serve whole societies in our universal search for meaning. Leeming illustrates the various stages or rites of passage of the mythic universal hero, from birth to childhood, through trial and quest, death, descent, rebirth, and ascension. The arrangement of texts by themes such as “Childhood, Initiation and Divine Signs,” “The Descent to the Underworld,” and “Resurrection and Rebirth” strip mythic characters of their many national and cultural “masks” to reveal their archetypal aspects. Real figures, including Jesus and Mohammed, are also included underlining the theory that myths are real and can be applied to real life. This edition is updated to include additional heroine myths, as well as Navajo, Indonesian, Indian, Chinese, and African tales.
The Policing of Poor Black Women’s Sexual Reproduction
Authors: West Traci C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In popular political rhetoric about social problems in this nation, the sexuality of poor black single mothers who receive welfare is labeled a major threat that endangers the moral health of society. Politicians, academics, and media pundits who contribute to the shaping of public policy often make dramatic claims that stigmatize the procreation of poor black single moms. Thus, the nature of poor black female identity comes to be seen as an appropriate object for public scrutiny, debate, and regulatory experiments. The rhetorical assaults on these women and girls license vicious, state-sponsored, material assaults on them in both direct and indirect ways.
The Associations of Classical Athens
Authors: Jones Nicholas F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jones’ book examines the associations of ancient Athens under the classical democracy (508/7-321 BC) in light of their relations to the central government. Associations of all types--village communities, cultic groups, brotherhoods, sacerdotal families, philosophical schools, and others--emerge as fundamentally similar instances of Aristolian koinoniai. Each, it is argued, acquired its distinctive character in response to particular features of the contemporary democracy. The analysis results in the first integrated, holistic institutional reconstruction of Greece’ s first city.
The Goddess, Women, and Their Rituals in Hinduism
Authors: Gupta Samjukta Gombrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The MarkarųJeya puriit),a (MP) narrates the story of SaraQ.yu just before its famous description of the Great Goddess’s repeated triumphs over the powerful demons. SaraQ.yu was a daughter of the god Tvam, and she married the sun (Vivasvat), who in this myth was considered to be a mortal-that is, part of the created world, which is ultimately transient. Their son Vaivasvata Manu, who is thus half god and half mortal, is the forefather of humankind. As Wendy Doniger has pointed out, SaraQ.yu was never venerated as a goddess or as the original mother of humankind.
Flora Annie Steel : A Voice for Indian Women?
Authors: Huenemann Karyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the more interesting trends in literary criticism today is the application of discourse analysis and feminist critical theory to the investigation of colonial literatures. By considering the literary representations of women’s history in light of these two approaches, some recent feminist critics attempt to unravel the complexities of women’s involvement in British imperial history. Implicit in this attempt is the comparison of Western literary (mis)representation of the Orient with male literary (mis)representation of women, a comparison complicated by some Victorian women’s concomitant involvement in both British imperialism and the feminist political battles of the late 1800s.
Memory Changes in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Balota David A , Dolan, Patrick O , Duchek Janet M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present chapter provides a review of the literature addressing changes in memory performance in older adults (often retired individuals with an age between 60 and 80 years), compared to younger adults (often college students around age 20). While it is well established that memory performance declines in older adults (e.g., Kusler, 1994; Ryan, 1992), it is now clear that not all aspects of memory are impaired (e.g., Balota & Duchek, 1988; Burke & Light, 1981; Craik, 1983; Schacter, Kihlstrom, Kaszniak, & Valdiserri, 1993; Shimamura, 1989). Dissociations across age groups with respect to impairments in different memory types or processes have provided (1) insights into the influence of aging on neuropsychological underpinnings of memory, and (2) leverage for memory theorists to develop a better understanding of normal memory functioning.
Neuroanatomy of Memory
Authors: Markowitsch Hans J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Memory is a basic and at the same time a highly complex function in the animal kingdom. The range of memory functions certainly is related to the heterogeneity of the underlying nervous systems of species from planaria to humans. The broad span of behaviors subsumed under the umbrella of memory has led researchers to look for appropriate categorizations of mnestic subfunctions that range from simple forms of classical conditioning to epi sodic memory (Thompson & Kim, 1996; Tulving & Markowitsch, 1998). Especially in humans, memory is embedded in other complex behavioral representations such as thoughts, language, reasoning, or emotion.
Introduction
Authors: Shulman David , Stroumsa Guy G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume attempts to draw out some elements of a comparative, cross-cultural history of dreams. We treat dreaming as a cultural act, for while we by no means assume that we can make direct contact with the dream itself, in any of our texts, there is no doubt that the dream report and all subsequent interpretation and decoding are expressive of culturally specific themes, patterns, tensions, and meanings. Every dream culture articulates issues and makes assumptions, implicitly or otherwise, about the relatively private or public nature of dreams; the conditions in which dreams may reveal the future (or the past); the boundaries between the individual and society; the composition of the dreaming subject; and so on. To tell one’s dream-first, perhaps, to oneself, then to another (perhaps a professional interpreter), and finally to still wider circles-is always an over determined act or statement, at once situating the selfin relation to a rich universe of cultural meanings and implied metaphysical intuitions and creating, or re-creating, that same universe from within.
Meousa
Authors: Wilk Stephen R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Medusa, the Gorgon who turns those who gaze upon her to stone, is one of the most popular and enduring figures of Greek mythology. Long after many other figures from Greek myth have been forgotten, she continues to live in popular culture. In this fascinating study of the legend of Medusa, Stephen R. Wilk begins by refamiliarizing readers with the story through ancient authors and classical artwork, then looks at the interpretations that have been given of the meaning of the myth through the years. A new and original interpretation of the myth is offered, based upon astronomical phenomena. The use of the gorgoneion, the Face of the Gorgon, on shields and on roofing tiles is examined in light of parallels from around the world, and a unique interpretation of the reality behind the gorgoneion is suggested. Finally, the history of the Gorgon since Classical times is explored, culminating in the modern use of Medusa as a symbol of Female Rage and Female Creativity.
Coordination of Care: Putting it all Together
Authors: Starfield Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coordination, the fourth component of care, is essential for the attainment of each of the other features. Without it, longitudinality would lose much of its potential, comprehensiveness would be made difficult, and the first-contact function would become purely administrative. Descriptions of primary care from the physician’s vantage often refer to the primary care professional as the patient’s advocate (Robinson, 1977) or in terms of the primary care physician’s commitment to people (McWhinney, 1975; Draper and Smits, 1975). To accomplish what these terms imply, the primary practitioner must be aware of all of the patient’s problems in whatever context they arise, at least insofar as they relate to health. Enlargement of the scope of practice from individual offices to group sites and as part of integrated health systems provides both new challenges as well as better opportunities for coordinating services.
Introduction
Authors: Stewart Susan , Smith Wesley D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Andromache is one of a number of Euripides’ preserved plays that are concerned with distressed women. In Alcestis, the title character gives her life for her unworthy husband; in Medea, the heroine, because her husband betrayed her, kills their shared children; in Hippolytus, Phaedra destroys her beloved when he scorns her; and in Hecuba, the queen of defeated Troy takes an ugly vengeance on the murderer of her son. Each play has its own logic, but Euripides shows an overall tendency to bring into question, or even to parody, the conventions of heroic literature, which began with the Iliad.
Attention and Automaticity
Authors: Logan Gordon D , Compton BrianJ 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Attention and automaticity are intimately related. In everyday life, attention determines what is focal, and automatic processing determines the background. Like well-choreographed dancers, attention leads and automatic processing follows. Shifts in attention bring new input to bear on the cognitive system, some of which is processed deliberately and with effort but most of which is processed automatically. Shifts in attention are driven by goals and purposes, so what is processed automatically is determined by an interaction between goals and purposes and the external environment.
The Information Age in Historical Perspective Introduction
Authors: Chandler Jr. Alfred D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I begin this introduction by explaining the book’s title. As it was originally conceived, the title was The Third Industrial Revolution: The Role of Information in the Transformation of the United States from Colonial Times to the Present. As the project progressed and the editors and contributors discussed the chapters to be written, we realized that what we were considering was not an industrial revolution but an information revolution—a revolution that evolved from the industrial world of the twentieth century. Moreover, this information revolution has transformed the industrial world of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as profoundly as the First and Second Industrial Revolutions transformed the earlier commercial world of the eighteenth century. Of these industrial revolutions, the first, beginning in Great Britain in the late eighteenth century, transformed the processes of production; the second, beginning in Europe and the United States in the 1840s, transformed transportation and communication. For the purpose of this book a more realistic terminology appeared to be one of ‘‘ages’’ rather than ‘‘revolutions.’’ We identify three—the Commercial Age, the Industrial Age, and the Information Age. Therefore, this history of the role of information in the transformation of the United States from colonial times to the present reviews that role from the centuries- old Commercial Age during the eighteenth century into the Industrial Age of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and then the transformation from the Industrial into the Information Age in the last decades of the twentieth century.
Business Use of Information and Technology during the Industrial Age
Authors: Yates JoAnne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have seen that democratic ideology encouraged U.S. demand for information in the eighteenth century, and that technologies such as the printing press allowed and encouraged increased dissemination of such information. The continued growth of demand for information, combined with new communication and transportation technologies and evolving organizational forms, encouraged the development and support of information infrastructures such as the postal system, the railroad, the telegraph, and the telephone in the early and mid- nineteenth century. During the period from 1880 to 1950, the nonfarm sectors in the U.S. economy, especially manufacturing, expanded rap- idly, with manufacturing overtaking agriculture as the dominant sector in the private economy. The rapid growth of manufacturing both encouraged and was built on the extensive use of information to control business processes and outcomes; this appetite for information in turn encouraged the diffusion of technologies—including both office equipment and bureaucratic techniques or systems that supported information use.2 These information processing technologies spread into other, often information-intensive sectors such as financial services and retail selling, adding further to the demand for information processing technologies. By 1950, the uses and technologies of business information had evolved to a considerable extent, putting U.S. business on the threshold of what has become known as the Information Age.
Computers in U.S. Households Since 1977
Authors: Sproull Lee S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the concluding years of the twentieth century, the information age was no stranger in the home or the office. By this time the American household was extraordinarily well-equipped with information and communication technologies. By 1995, 99 percent of U.S. households had at least one radio; 98 percent had at least one television; 94 percent had at least one telephone; 81 percent had at least one VCR; 63 percent had cable service. In 1995, people over the age of eighteen spent about 3,400 hours watching television and videos, listening to the radio and recorded music, playing home video games, and reading newspapers, magazines, and books. The newest and potentially most powerful information technology to enter the U.S. household is the personal microcomputer. In naming the personal computer ‘‘Machine of the Year’’ for 1982, Time magazine proclaimed, ‘‘The ‘information revolution’ that futurists have long predicted has arrived, bringing with it the promise of dramatic changes in the way people live and work, perhaps even in the way they think’’ (see figure 8.1). America will never be the same.’’ By 1997, twenty years after the introduction of the personal computer (PC) 37 percent of U.S. households owned one. This chapter offers a sociological perspective on the spread, use, and effects of computing technology in the U.S. home from 1977 to 1997.2 It extends the focus of the two previous chapters on the development of computer technology and its role in business. In comparison with literature on other information technologies in the home, little has been written about the use and effects of the household computer. This has occurred for at least two reasons. One is that the diffusion of computers into the home is still in progress; therefore, documenting its spread requires tracking a moving target.
The Information Age Continuities and Differences
Authors: Chandler Alfred D , Cortada James W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This concluding chapter focuses, as did the introductory one, on the evolving infrastructure for the transmission of information in today’s Information Age. Here we do not attempt to summarize or evaluate how the recipients used the information transmitted by the evolving broader information infrastructure. Those responses, the primary subjects in the preceding chapters, reflect the ever-changing economic, political, social, and cultural changes experienced in the United States. They will continue to do this in the future. Speculating on the future is really outside the scope of this book. However, a reader interested in the future should take notice of the patterns of the ebb and flow of information-handling in America’s past and present. There is a striking continuity in the infrastructural evolution that began with the postal system in the eighteenth century, then moved to the railway and the telegraph, the telephone, radio and television, and then computers both big and small. That continuity will probably have a significant impact on the ongoing evolution of the infrastructure of the Information Age for reasons that will be made clear later.
Pausanias and the Chest of Kypselos
Authors: Snodgrass A M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sightseeing is a notoriously tiring activity. Every user ofa guidebook will hope and expect that, from time to time, there will be occasions when the author will call a halt and describe what can be seen from a more or less stationary position. The user of Pausanias guide will know that he provided a few such occasions for his ancient readers, by offering long and detailed descriptions of objects or groups of objects. This. I suggest. is his counterpart for the ekphrasis, in which his more demanding literary forerunners and successors so reveled. Pausanias’s passages have not hitherto been taken in this way, because of the extreme restraint and self-effacement with which he presents his material, here and elsewhere: certainly his descriptions, by comparison with the gushing set pieces of some writers of the Second Sophistic, are dry indeed. They are entirely without that overt empathy with the work of art which we encounter in, say, Philostratus or Lucian: and I would not exclude the possibility that this represents an early and deliberate move in the long-running debate between “empathy” and “objectivity” in art criticism, an open espousal of a contrasting approach.
Shakespeare’s Twenty - First - Century Economics
Authors: Turner Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I love you according to my bond, says Cordelia to her father in King Lear. As the play turns out, Cordelia proves to be an exemplary and loving daughter. A bond is both a legal or financial obligation, and a connection of mutual love. How are these things connected? In As You Like It, Shakespeare describes marriage as a "blessed bond of board and bed": the emotional, religious, and sexual sides of marriage cannot be detached from its status as a legal and economic contract. These examples are the pith of Frederick Turner's fascinating new book. Based on the proven maxim that "money makes the world go round," this engaging study draws from Shakespeare's texts to present a lexicon of common words, as well as a variety of familiar familial and cultural situations, in an economic context. Making constant recourse to well-known material from Shakespeare's plays, Turner demonstrates that the terms of money and value permeate our minds and lives even in our most mundane moments. His book offers a new, humane, evolutionary economics that fully expresses the moral, spiritual, and aesthetic relationships among persons, and between humans and nature. Playful and incisive, Turner's book offers a way to engage the wisdom of Shakespeare in everyday life in a trenchant prose that is accessible to lovers of Shakespeare at all levels.
A Rehabilitation of Paul Feyerabend
Authors: Munevar Gonzalo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of Paul Feyerabend’s pet peeves was the way the history of philosophy had maligned Ernst Mach by treating him as the founding father of logical positivism. Feyerabend often spoke of writinp a rehabilitation of Mach and did take a few beginning steps in that direction. I largely agree with Feyerabend’s appraisal of the historical misjudgment of Mach, but my purpose in this chapter is not to explore that issue: my intent is rather to write about Feyerabend as he would have about Mach. For it seems to me that few philosophers have been as misunderstood as Feyerabend himself.
The Katabasis Theme in Modern Cinema
Authors: Holtsmark Erling B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To the extent that it adheres to a genre of film criticism, this chapter comes closest to the tenets of Russian Formalism.1 It is true that the material I examine assumes a vaguely Proppian shape in that my analysis is based on a study of repeated motifs and themes, but my concern is not merely to catalogue such repetitions in order to construct an idealized katabasis film. The films I discuss are all formulaic in the sense that they fit, and draw on, patterns of narrative expectation that are of great antiquity. Yet their very formalism need not detract from their originality, which in fact lies in their creators’ capacity to manipulate audience expectation.
Michael Cacoyannis and Irene Papas on Greek Tragedy
Authors: McDonald Marianne , Winkler Martin M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
editor’s note: The following interviews were conducted by Marianne McDonald via telephone in November and December 1988 from a list of questions prepared by both of us. Mr. Cacoyannis and Ms. Papas then reviewed the transcripts. They appear here somewhat abridged from their earlier version in Classics and Cinema. Material unrelated to the subject of tragedy and to their films of Euripides has been omitted.
Peter Greenaway’s The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover: A Cockney Procne
Authors: Siegel Janice F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Peter Greenaway did not consciously model The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover (1989; abbreviated hereafter as CTWL) on the mythological tale of Procne and Philomela, there is evidence to suggest unbidden influence. A film like A Zed and Two Noughts (1985) shows Greenaway’s knowledge of and interest in mythological conflicts and themes, and he admits to being particularly partial to Ovid.1 His vision of Prospero in Prospero’s Books (1991), a reworking of Shakespeare’s The Tempest, developed from his certainty that any successful humanist scholar must owe a great debt to Ovid.2 Greenaway traces the tradition of the classic revenge tragedy, from which he claims CTWL springs, to its ancient roots.
Introduction
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R , Stewart Thomas R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probabilistic functionalism is the best broad descriptive term we have for Egon Brunswik’s work; it is the one he used, and it is far preferable to Brunswikianism, a label he would have found to be in bad taste. But the phrase probabilistic functionalism is somewhat forbidding, and its meaning is not immediately obvious; thus, new comers are confronted at the outset with an uninviting title. Although the mystery will disappear for the reader of Brunswik’s articles in this volume, we offer here a brief explanation to facilitate understanding his approach to psychology.