bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney donor age of 50 years or above is a risk factor for calcineurin inhibitor‐induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Takada Yusuke , Tanabe Tatsu , Sasaki Hajime , Tsujimoto Takashi , Hotta Kiyohiko , Okada Kazufumi , Shiono Yutaka , Minami Keita , Tanaka Hiroshi , Harada Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionCalcineurin inhibitor (CNI)‐induced nephrotoxicity (CNI‐T) is a post‐transplantation complication that leads to graft dysfunction. Older‐donor kidney grafts may be susceptible to chronic CNI exposure because of long‐term arteriolar damage. The primary aim of this study was to examine the CNI‐T incidence and time‐course changes in the graft function according to donor age.MethodsWe included 334 kidney transplant recipients. CNI‐T was defined by Banff arteriolar hyaline thickening scores of ≥2 based on allograft protocol biopsy. Depending on donor age, participants were divided into the D > 70 (≥70 years), D60 (60–69 years), D50 (50–59 years), and D < 49: (≤49 years) groups. We investigated the extent to which CNI‐T affected the transplanted kidney function. Patients who did not develop CNI‐T during the study period were included in the non‐CNI‐T group; the remaining were grouped into the CNI‐T group.ResultsThe CNI‐T incidence was higher in donors aged >50 years. Compared to D < 49, the CNI‐T risk was 1.86 times higher in D50 and 2.9 times higher in D > 70. Furthermore, the CNI‐T group exhibited a significantly lower graft function 10 years after transplantation.ConclusionCNI‐T incidence increases in donors aged ≥50 years and affects renal function after 10 years.
Septic suturitis: A suspected cause of periapical infection in a young horse
Authors: McQuillan Siobhan , Derham Ann , Davies Thomas , O'Leary John Mark 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis case report describes septic suturitis as a likely cause of periapical dental disease in a 3‐year‐old Thoroughbred colt. The horse was presented for a unilateral sinusitis initially managed by a frontal osteotomy and sinus lavage and subsequently developed a septic suturitis. Subsequently, a computed tomography (CT) examination identified a periapical infection of cheek tooth 109 with associated sinusitis of the rostral sinus compartments and an extensive suturitis, with the most severe changes located at the right nasomaxillary suture line. There was an associated local fistulous tract rostral to the mesial periapical region of cheek tooth 107 but unassociated with typical periapical or endodontic dental disease changes on CT. The sinusitis did not respond to oral extraction of cheek tooth 109 and sinus lavage. A repeat head CT 2 weeks later, now revealed buccal alveolar bone loss surrounding cheek tooth 107 with obvious periodontal and endodontic dental disease changes. Oral extraction of cheek tooth 107 was performed and local curettage of the fistulous tract was conducted. We conclude that septic suturitis can become extensive and slow to resolve and its rostral extension can cause periapical infection of the closely associated rostral cheek teeth in young horses.
Hot spots for clinical signs of disease activity in vitiligo
Authors: Delbaere Liesbeth , van Causenbroeck Jérôme , Duponselle Jolien , Van Goethem Céline , Speeckaert Reinhart , van Geel Nanja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is evidence of a link between disease activity in vitiligo and clinical visible signs such as confetti‐like depigmentation, Koebner phenomenon and hypochromic areas/borders. Despite its established value, dermatologists and researchers continue to have a limited understanding of the vitiligo disease activity signs. The primary goal of this study was to identify ‘hot spots’ of disease activity signs in vitiligo patients in order to improve detection in clinical practice. Furthermore, the prevalence, clinical profiles of predisposed patients, interrelationship between the disease activity signs and potential pitfalls in the recognition of the signs were evaluated. The Vitiligo Signs of Activity Score (VSAS) was used to score the presence of the disease activity signs in 441 non‐segmental and 57 segmental vitiligo patients. More detailed predilection areas were scored in a subset of patients, using 65 predefined body locations. At least one disease activity sign was observed in 51.0% and 8.8% of the non‐segmental and segmental vitiligo patients, respectively. Confetti‐like depigmentation was most observed on the elbows, Koebner phenomenon on the back of the hands, and hypochromic areas/borders in the armpits. The three signs were significantly more observed in patients with more involved body locations. Moreover, hypochromic areas/borders were more common in younger patients. Confetti‐like depigmentation had the highest interrelationship with the other signs and was the easiest to recognise. Knowledge around hot spots of the disease activity signs will enhance and simplify their detection in clinical practice. Based on the results, confetti‐like depigmentation appears to be the most straightforward sign to evaluate.
Investigation of retained austenite morphology‐dominated hardening and fatigue behavior in bainitic steel during wear process
Authors: Chen Sida , Huang Xiedong , Liao Zexin , Li Zulai , Wu Hong , Shan Quan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to revealing the relationship among retained austenite (RA) morphology, deformation‐induced transformation (DIPT) behavior, and surface wear behavior. The hardening and fatigue behavior during wear of continuous film‐like RA (CFRA), blocky RA (BRA), discontinuous film‐like RA (DFRA), and point or flocculent RA (PRA) achieved through different tempering processes was investigated using quasi‐in situ fatigue test and impact abrasive wear test. RA morphology exhibited a significant influence on hardening and fatigue behavior during wear. CFRA exhibited the best wear properties, owing to its excellent fatigue performance and hardening capacity. The BRA displayed relative high wear performance, with adequate hardening capacity but weak fatigue performance. DFRA demonstrated comparable wear resistance to BRA because of better fatigue performance. PRA exhibited deficient wear performance because of insufficient fatigue properties and low work‐hardening ability.
Megafauna diversity and functional declines in Europe from the Last Interglacial to the present
Authors: Davoli Marco , Monsarrat Sophie , Pedersen Rasmus Østergaard , Scussolini Paolo , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Normand Signe , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimReconstructing megafauna diversity in the past before anthropogenic impacts is crucial for developing targeted restoration strategies. We estimated the diversity and functional decline of European megafauna in the present compared with the nearest in‐time climate period analogue to the present but prior to the worldwide diffusion of Homo sapiens.LocationEurope.Time PeriodLast Interglacial (LIG; ca. 127,000 years ago) to present.Major Taxa StudiedWild, large (≥10 kg) terrestrial mammals.MethodsWe assessed the distribution of 48 European megafauna species during the LIG using hindcasting modelling and fossil records. Then, we estimated the decline in megafauna community diversity and potential trait‐based functional effects from the LIG to the present, accounting for climate differences between the two periods.ResultsSpecies richness and community biomass dropped by 70.8% (±11.7%) and by 94.5% (±9.9%). Functional diversity dropped by 80.3% (±15.3%) for herbivores and by 64.9% (±29.1%) for carnivores, while trait‐informed potential vegetation and meat consumptions dropped by 82.3% (±13.4%) and 60.5% (±26.0%). The loss in megafauna diversity and associated ecological processes were high everywhere, but particularly in western Europe for carnivores and in the East European Plain for herbivores. Potential megafauna richness in the two periods was similar if only climate‐driven differences were considered.Main ConclusionsSevere, size‐biased defaunation has degraded megafauna assemblages and megafauna‐mediated ecological processes across Europe from the LIG to the present. These patterns cannot be explained by climate differences between the two periods, thus were likely driven by prehistoric Homo sapiens. The results suggest that the structure of wild ecosystems of the present strongly deviates from the evolutionary norm, with decreased functional heterogeneity and decreased fluxes of biogeochemical compounds across the trophic networks, highlighting the importance of ambitious policies of megafauna community restoration to support ecosystem functioning.
Hyperactivity in preschool age is associated with higher fat‐free mass and healthy lifestyle behaviours five years later: A longitudinal study of Swedish children
Authors: Lundgren Oskar , Henriksson Pontus , Delisle Nyström Christine , Henström Maria , Löf Marie 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundThere is evidence for a link between hyperactivity and obesity, especially among older children. Both conditions seem to be multifactorial in origin and hypotheses of common underlying issues, such as emotional dysregulation, have been suggested. However, studies of the co‐occurrence of the two conditions in younger age groups have been inconclusive.ObjectivesWe aimed to study the longitudinal associations of psychological strengths and difficulties at 4 years of age with health behaviours, body composition, physical fitness, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors 5 years later.MethodsParents of 226 4‐year‐old children filled out the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). At 9 years of age, we assessed health behaviours, physical fitness, body composition, and CVD risk factors. Associations were examined with linear regression models that were adjusted for sex, age of the child at 9, and maternal education.ResultsIn the adjusted models, hyperactivity at 4 was associated with higher fat‐free mass (β = 0.18, p = 0.007) and lower levels of sedentary behaviour (β −0.14, p = 0.043) at 9 years. Furthermore, greater emotional problems at 4 were associated with lower intake of fruit and vegetables (β −0.14, p = 0.038) at 9 years. However, there were no statistically significant associations between psychological difficulties and fat‐mass index.ConclusionsOur novel data provide no evidence of an association between hyperactivity in preschool age and obesity or obesity‐related behaviours in school age. Future studies examining how psychological factors relate to obesity development should consider a developmental perspective.
Leaving it at the gate: A phenomenological exploration of resilience in mental health nursing staff in a high‐secure personality disorder unit
Authors: Rooney Carol , Pyer Michelle , Campbell Jackie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAims and DesignThis study reports a qualitative phenomenological investigation of resilience in nursing staff working in a high‐secure personality disorder service.MethodInterviews were carried out with six nursing staff, and these captured the richness and complexity of the lived experience of nursing staff.ResultsFour superordinate themes emerged from the analysis: Management of emotions: participants showed an awareness that their job is about giving care to patients who may present with very challenging behaviours. The care that they offered was conceptualized as something that needed to be provided in a measured way, with boundaries. A clear distinction was drawn between ‘caring personally’ for patients, and ‘providing care’. Teamwork: teamwork was cited as a major influencing factor by all participants. This was seen as directly impacting the smooth running of the ward, and therefore on the well‐being of nursing staff, but also of patients. Understanding: nursing staff were acutely aware that they were working in an environment where everyday interactions would be open to intense scrutiny and possible misinterpretation by patients. Work–life balance: All the participants spoke of making a conscious effort to have a separate work and home life, which was influenced by a number of factors.ConclusionThe article has discussed the themes of managing emotion, team understanding and work–life balance, illustrating how each contributes to the resilience of nursing staff in this challenging environment. New insights – applicable in both national and international contexts – have been produced.ImpactIn secure environments, mental health nursing staff need organizational support and assistance to develop ways of managing difficult experiences with patients, systems that promote recovery, and educational and supervisory support to help understand and process the effects on them. This article provides evidence to support the work of managers and clinicians in these environments.No Patient or Public Contribution.
Championing and shaming in a credence good market: Which one to use?
Authors: Volle Alexandre , González Patrick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe analyze the performance of the championing and shaming inquiries by a Nongovernmental Organization in a signaling game played by a monopoly that sells a credence good to an uninformed consumer. Championing (shaming) means certifying (uncovering) a firm that sells a high (low) quality product. An inquiry alters the whole information structure of the signaling game. It provides redundant hard information in a separating equilibrium but it lowers the set of separating prices. We show that a high‐quality producer and the consumers welcome this inquiry in a pooling equilibrium as it enhances their expected payoffs. They prefer a championing over a shaming inquiry when the likelihood of a high‐quality producer is low. A championing inquiry may lower the consumer's expected payoff if it is run before the monopoly sets its price since the consumer may prefer paying a low pooling price for a credence good rather than a high price for a certified high‐quality good.
Immersion challenge of three salmonid species (family Salmonidae) with three multilocus sequence typing variants of Flavobacterium psychrophilum provides evidence of differential host specificity
Authors: Knupp Christopher , Loch Thomas P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, results in significant losses among multiple salmonid (family Salmonidae) species. Molecular epidemiology and serotyping studies have suggested that some variants are host specific; however, these associations have not been evaluated by cross‐challenging fish species with putatively host‐associated F. psychrophilum isolates via more natural (i.e. immersion) exposure routes. To this end, F. psychrophilum isolates US19‐COS, US62‐ATS and US87‐RBT, each originally recovered from diseased coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) or rainbow trout (O. mykiss), and belonging to a host‐associated multilocus sequence typing clonal complex (e.g. CC‐ST9, CC‐ST232 or CC‐ST10), were PCR‐serotyped, evaluated for proteolytic activity, and used to challenge adipose fin‐clipped 4‐month old Atlantic salmon, coho salmon and rainbow trout via immersion. Findings showed US87‐RBT caused disease and mortality only in rainbow trout (e.g. 56.7% survival probability). US19‐COS and US62‐ATS caused more mortality in coho salmon and Atlantic salmon but also caused disease in both other host species, albeit to a lesser extent. Observed survival differences may be due to variant antigenic/virulence determinants as differences in serotype and proteolytic activity were discovered. Collectively, results highlight the intricacies of F. psychrophilum‐host interactions and provide further in vivo evidence that some F. psychrophilum MLST variants are host specific, which may have implications for the development of BCWD prevention and control strategies.
The Productivity Effects Of Corporate Diversification*
Authors: Bet Germán 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the productivity effects of corporate diversification. I estimate a model that allows diversification decisions to affect future productivity. I apply the model to a panel of U.S. manufacturing firms to measure the impact of diversification on productivity. My estimates suggest that diversification plays a key role in explaining differences in productivity across productive units and time. The average productivity effect of diversification is estimated to be positive at the productive unit level. However, the effect varies considerably across productive units and sectors of activity, depending crucially on already attained productivity.
Cross‐sectional population‐based estimates of a rural‐urban disparity in prevalence of long COVID among Michigan adults with polymerase chain reaction‐confirmed COVID‐19, 2020‐2022
Authors: MacCallum‐Bridges Colleen L. , Hirschtick Jana L. , Allgood Kristi L. , Ryu Soomin , Orellana Robert C. , Fleischer Nancy L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo (1) assess whether residential rurality/urbanicity was associated with the prevalence of 30‐ or 90‐day long COVID, and (2) evaluate whether differences in long COVID risk factors might explain this potential disparity.MethodsWe used data from the Michigan COVID‐19 Recovery Surveillance Study, a population‐based probability sample of adults with COVID‐19 (n = 4,937). We measured residential rurality/urbanicity using dichotomized Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes (metropolitan, nonmetropolitan). We considered outcomes of 30‐day long COVID (illness duration ≥30 days) and 90‐day long COVID (illness duration ≥90 days). Using Poisson regression, we estimated unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) to compare 30‐ and 90‐day long COVID between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan respondents. Then, we adjusted our model to account for differences between groups in long COVID risk factors (age, sex, acute COVID‐19 severity, vaccination status, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health care access, SARS‐CoV‐2 variant, and pre‐existing conditions). We estimated associations for the full study period (Jan 1, 2020‐May 31, 2022), the pre‐vaccine era (before April 5, 2021), and the vaccine era (after April 5, 2021).FindingsCompared to metropolitan adults, the prevalence of 30‐day long COVID was 15% higher (PR = 1.15 [95% CI: 1.03, 1.29]), and the prevalence of 90‐day long COVID was 27% higher (PR = 1.27 [95% CI: 1.09, 1.49]) among nonmetropolitan adults. Adjusting for long COVID risk factors did not reduce disparity estimates in the pre‐vaccine era but halved estimates in the vaccine era.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence of a rural‐urban disparity in long COVID and suggest that the factors contributing to this disparity changed over time as the sociopolitical context of the pandemic evolved and COVID‐19 vaccines were introduced.
The dynamic development of intellectual property right: Innovation diffusion and evolutionary game—A perspective on patent evolution
Authors: Xue Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe birth of intellectual property right (IPR) is accompanied by the emergence of scientific and technological revolution, and is deeply influenced by continuous advancement of science and technology. Meanwhile, the emergence of new technology will inevitably undergo a process of development, game, evolution or even extinction. As an important proxy of IPR, patents play a crucial role in indicating the evolution of IPR. Therefore, this paper focuses on the S‐type diffusion and evolutionary game process of IPR, and reveals the main influencing factors of this dynamic evolution process by constructing a bionic evolution system of IPR development through empirical research combined with data analysis methods. This research can promote a deeper understanding of both the formation and the future developmental logic of IPR for the academic community, and will provide new research ideas for improving the theoretical system of IPR. Moreover, this can provide some new solutions to the operation of IPR system and the practice of strategic promotion in a new round of scientific and technological revolution under the new normal.
They chew by night? Night‐time behaviour in a ‘ruminating’ primate, the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
Authors: Bösch J. , McGrosky A. , Tuuga A. , Tangah J. , Clauss M. , Matsuda I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStudies of diurnal primates have long considered the nocturnal period to be a time spent merely sleeping and not effectively utilized for foraging or social behaviours. However, digestive activity should continue during the night. To explore the adaptive significance of the primate rumination‐like behaviour, that is, regurgitation and re‐mastication (R/R), observed in the proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus (but only infrequently during the day), we tested the hypothesis that they frequently awaken and ‘ruminate’ at night through detailed nocturnal observations. We analysed infrared video recordings of nocturnal behaviours of 179 individuals over 35 nights, totalling over 251 h, of free‐ranging proboscis monkeys in the lower Kinabatangan region of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The results showed that, as we expected, proboscis monkeys were frequently awake at night; they only slept about one third of the time observed at night (27.4 ± 24.6%), with juveniles sleeping the most and subadults sleeping the least. However, contrary to our expectations, R/R did not appear to occur more frequently than during daytime observations and accounted for a minor proportion of the total activity budget during the night. Whether frequent waking up during the night represents an adaptive strategy in relation to predation avoidance, or is a consequence of disturbance (e.g. due to moving branches or mosquitoes), requires further study, ideally in comparison with protected ex situ conditions. Our findings suggest that without detailed observations, primate sleeping times may easily be overestimated due to a high proportion of time spent awake but resting.
Reliability and agreement of subjective and objective non‐invasive break‐up time measurements in contact lens wearers
Authors: Valencia‐Nieto Laura , López‐de la Rosa Alberto , González‐García María J. , López‐Miguel Alberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the reliability and agreement of non‐invasive break‐up time (NIBUT) in symptomatic and asymptomatic contact lens (CL) wearers using automatic objective and conventional subjective techniques.MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, soft CL wearers, classified into symptomatic and asymptomatic based on the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire‐8, underwent NIBUT assessment with the CL in situ. The CA‐800 Corneal Analyzer and the EasyTear® VIEW+ Tearscope were used for objective and subjective evaluation, respectively. The within‐subject repeatability and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The agreement between the devices was compared using the Bland–Altman method.ResultsA total of 141 CL wearers (51 male and 90 female) with a mean age of 33.6 (SD = 12.2) years were included. The repeatability and ICC values obtained with the CA‐800 device when measuring NIBUT were 5.4 s and 58.6% across the whole sample, 4.2 s and 48.8% for the asymptomatic group and 7.1 s and 68.4% for the symptomatic group. When using the subjective method (EasyTear®), the respective repeatability and ICC values were 7.3 s and 32.7% for the whole sample, 6.5 s and 30.4% for the asymptomatic group and 8.6 s and 35.9% for the symptomatic group. The CA‐800 device provided significantly (p < 0.001) shorter NIBUT values compared with EasyTear® for the whole sample (3.3 [2.9] vs. 8.1 [3.4] s), the asymptomatic (3.3 [3.0] vs. 7.7 [3.6] s) and the symptomatic (3.8 [2.9] vs. 8.6 [3.0] s) groups.ConclusionObjective (CA‐800) NIBUT assessment provides more reliable measurements than the conventional subjective technique using the EasyTear® device. However, CL practitioners should also be aware that the objective method indicates shorter NIBUT values. Symptomatic CL wearers may also need a higher number of NIBUT measurements to obtain reliable estimations.