bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ultrastructural features of malakoplakia
Authors: McClure J. , Cameron C. H. S. , Garrett R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructural features of a case of disseminated malakoplakia are described and compared with available published cases. Generally macrophages were involved (although characteristic inclusions were seen in association with some plasma cells) and contained three types of cellular inclusion. These were (1) the phagolysosomes (2) an intermediate structure sharing features of the phagolysosome and the Michaelis‐Gutmann (MG) body and (3) the MG body. All inclusions were delineated by unit membranes and their matrices (except those of large MG bodies) composed of membranous whorls and loops. It is suggested that these inclusions represent stages in the development of the MG body. Septate junctional complexes were observed between phagolysosomes and small MG bodies. These complexes may represent either a mechanism of organelle fusion or an abnormality of molecular organisation of the limiting unit membrane.
A quantitative cytochemical analysis of resident and exudate macrophages
Authors: Papadimitriou J. M. , van Bruggen Ivonne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractQuantitative cytochemical investigations have detected individual variations between murine peritoneal macrophages and have shown distinct differences between resident and exudate populations. The latter generally contain greater amounts of protein, RNA, acid phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and NADH dehydrogenase. On the other hand, no differences were detected in the cellular content of DNA, non‐specific esterase, and NADPH dehydrogenase. In many instances they reflect the biochemical findings of other investigators including the stimulation of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and hexose monophosphate shunt pathways, which can occur in elicited or activated macrophages. Although cytochemical differences between the two populations exist, it cannot be stated whether they represent distinct cell lines or different functional states of the same cell population.
The fate of plasma protein which escapes from blood vessels of the choroid plexus of the rat–an electron microscope study
Authors: Hurley J. V. , McD. Anderson R. , Sexton P. T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFenestrated blood vessels in the rat choroid plexus are permeable to dye‐labelled proteins, HRP and ferritin. Most leakage appears to be via fenestrae but some additional escape of marker appears to take place through transient and reversible openings in the junctions between endothelial cells.After they have escaped into the choroidal stroma markers are prevented from entering the CSF by tight junctions between the epithelial cells which cover the choroid plexus, but how they are removed from the extravascular space is not known.Electron microscope study of rats who have been given multiple intravenous injections of ferritin shows that extravascular ferritin is taken up both by connective tissue cells in the choroidai stroma and by choroidal epithelial cells. The findings suggest that the ingested protein is subsequently broken down within lysosomal vacuoles in the cytoplasm of these cells.Such intracellular digestion may be the major means of controlling the protein content of the extravascular spaces of the choroid plexus.
Immunohistochemical identification of adult and fetal haemopoiesis in the spleen in lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Underwood J. C. E. , Dangerfield V. J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAntisera to adult and fetal haemoglobins were used in the immunoperoxidase method to identify haemopoietic cells in spleens from patients with lymphoproliferative and myelopro‐liferative disorders. Splenic extramedullary haemopoiesis in adults often contains a major fetal component. Spleens infiltrated by Hodgkin's lymphoma are invariably negative, but other lymphomas, leukaemias and myeloproliferative diseases are commonly associated with splenic fetal haemopoiesis. Immunoperoxidase staining for haemoglobins is a useful way of determining the haemopoietic origin of round cell infiltrates in tissue sections.
The development of an acth‐induced renal glomerular lesion in Mus musculus. An ultrastructural study
Authors: Feldman David L. , Christian John J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMale house mice (Mus musculus) were injected with 4 international units of ACTH daily for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks and with four units daily for four weeks followed by 8 units for 8 days. Light microscopy of kidneys showed a glomerular lesion characterised by the expansion of the mesangium, deposition of PAS positive material in the glomerular mesangium and extra‐glomerular mesangium hypertrophy of juxtaglomerular cells and a successive increase in oil red‐O staining material in the glomerulus. Electron microscopy revealed the progressive accumulation in the mesangial matrix of three morphologically distinct forms of deposits: amorphous, globular and particulate. The accumulation of amorphous deposit apparently is partially responsible for me increased PAS positive staining of the mesangium. Globular (and possibly particulate) deposit probably corresponds to the oil red‐O positive material. The evidence suggests that the deposits are extraglomerular in origin, but their chemical nature is unknown.
Hog kidney diamine oxidase conversion of biogenic diamines to inhibitors of cell proliferation
Authors: Gaugas J. M. , Dewey D. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHog kidney diamine oxidase (DAO) interacted with 1,3‐diaminopropane, putrescine and cadaverine to arrest proliferation of cultured mammalian cells. The byproducts of DAO‐substrate interaction, H2O2 and NH are themselves cytotoxic but were apparently not responsible for any significant antiproliferative effect in the experimental system. DAO is known to react with putrescine to generate labile 4‐aminobutyraldehyde. This primary product was compatible with a compound (radio‐labelled) separated from DAO‐putrescine reactive mixtures by ion‐exchange chromatography. Its rate of generation, level attained and lability (half‐life, 2 hr) in culture simulated conditions were measured. Circumstantial evidence suggested that the amine aldehyde products of diamine oxidation had a potent antiproliferative effect on cells.
Differentiation of human breast carcinomas: An immunohistological study of appropriate and inappropriate protein production
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSecretory piece of immunoglobulin A, a product of normal breast tissue, and beta1 pregnancy‐specific glycoprotein, a product of syncytiotrophoblast of placenta, have been demonstrated in breast carcinomas by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. A close relationship has been found between the site of staining within cells and tumour structure for both secretory piece, the appropriate protein, and beta1 pregnancy‐specific glycoprotein, the inappropriate protein. The reaction was at the periphery of cells in areas of tubular differentiation and was diffusely intracytoplasmic in solid groups of tumour cells.The poorly differentiated carcinomas have a low incidence of detection for both antigens but the tumours showing good histological differentiation appear to be functionally heterogeneous with some being negative for both proteins, some staining for the appropriate secretory piece of immunoglobulin A and the inappropriate beta1 pregnancy‐specific glycoprotein and only one out of 12 producing the appropriate protein alone.
Microfocal radiography in the quantitative assessment of experimentally induced inflammatory arthritis in guinea‐pigs
Authors: Buckland‐Wright J. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMicrofocal projection radiography was used to examine a new model of experimentally induced inflammatory arthritis, developed at Roche Products Ltd. The high resolution and magnification of the stereoprojection radiographs provided a non‐destructive and three‐dimensional assessment of the changes in the arthritic knee joints and enabled direct measurements to be made from the radiographs.During the time course study it was possible to quantify the increase in the size of the suprapatella bursa in the early stages of the inflammatory process, the onset and development of erosions in the articular bones and both juxta‐articular and systemic osteoporosis.The results of the quantitative radiographic study when compared with standard arthritis assay techniques of knee diameter and flexion showed maximum damage when the latter were near normal. Histology confirmed the radiographic results, although, alone it did not contribute substantially to the assessment of the changes occurring in the diseased joints.The measurements from the projection radiographs showed that the destruction of the articular bone progressed rapidly subsequent to subperiosteal erosions and consequent invasion of pannus into the epiphyses. The rate and degree to which articular bone was destroyed was independent of the extent to which juxta‐articular and systemic osteoporosis had developed.Microfocal projection radiography has considerable advantages over any other method in quantifying the changes in arthritic joints for evaluating the pathogenesis of the arthritis and in screening different compounds.
The ultrastructure of glomerular haematoxylin bodies
Authors: Ordoñz Nelnson G. , Gomez Luis G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructural features of haematoxylin bodies, present in a patient with active lupus glomerulonephritis, appear to include cellular elements, especially dense chromatin of probable neutrophil leucocyte origin and electro‐dense, immune complex‐like material. Although the participation of immune complexes in the formation of haematoxylin bodies has been previously proposed, this is the first reported demonstration of such deposits in haematoxylin bodies.
Isolated epithelioid cells from disaggregated BCG granulomas—some functional studies
Authors: Williams Geraint T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIsolated epithelioid cells from disaggregated rat BCG granulomas show a morphological spectrum from “plasmacytoid” to “vesicular” forms on electron microscopy. Functional studies on these isolated cells showed that all epithelioid cells exhibited poor trypsin‐resistant glass adherence and poor phagocytosis of latex, zymosan, antibody coated and complement coated erythrocytes when compared with macrophages, especially at the vesicular end of the spectrum. A high proportion of all epithelioid cell types was found to have Fc surface receptors but C3 receptors were reduced on vesicular cells compared with the plasmacytoid variety. The findings indicate that the progressive transformation of mononuclear phagocyles into vesicular epithelioid cells through plasmacytoid intermediates is accompanied by a concomitant modification of cell function. The significance of these changes is discussed.
Experimental granulomas induced by mycobacterial immune complexes in rats
Authors: Ridley Marian J. , Marianayagam Y. , Spector W. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAfter BCG were complexed with homologous anti‐ BCG serum IgM was found to be firmly bound to the organisms. Preparations were made at antigen/antibody equivalence and at two‐fold and four‐fold antibody excess. They were injected subcutaneously into rats. At equivalence the mixtures provoked rapidly developing necrotic destructive lesions containing many bacilli, Injection of mixtures at antibody excess caused the rapid formation of epithelioid cell granulomas without necrosis and containing few bacilli.Compared with the injection of BCG alone, injection of comparable numbers of IgM‐complexed bacilli at equivalence led to more rapid necrosis but also more rapid resolution of the granulomas which followed. Delayed‐type skin reactions to PPD took longer to develop after injection of complexed BCG, usually as long as 4 weeks. The delay varied directly with the degree of antibody excess. This failure to detect cell mediated immunity was reflected in the histology of the draining lymph nodes which differed strikingly from that seen after injection of BCG alone. In animals injected with bacilli in excess antibody, epithelioid cell granulomas formed and viable bacilli were apparently eliminated before skin reactions to PPD developed. It is concluded that circulating immunoglobulin, perhaps IgM in particular, is likely to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and similar diseases and that the relative ratio of antigen to antibody within the lesions may be crucial in influencing the balance between tissue destruction and healing.
Macrophages in human tumours: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Nash J. R. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractForty‐five human malignant tumours and three benign lesions were stained histochemically for non‐specific esterase (NSE) and acid phosphatase (AP), and immunohistochemically for lysozyme. Most of the tumours contained small numbers of lysozyme positive macrophages (LPM), but colonic tumours showed moderate numbers of LPM around the edge of the lesions. Gastric and secondary duodenal tumours (n = 3) contained moderate numbers of intralesional LPM in addition. Most squamous and all mesenchymal tumours contained no lysozyme positive macrophages. The usefulness of the three staining methods was assessed and it was concluded that lysozyme was specific but detected only part of the macrophage population. Neutrophil polymorphs were also stained but could be recognised by nuclear morphology. AP and NSE detected more cells but stained tumour cells as well as macrophages, making these methods of limited use in tumours showing invasion of the stroma by single cells or small groups of cells.
Ultrastructure of the non‐sclerotic glomeruli in childhood nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Yoshikawa N. , Cameron A. H. , White R. H. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn electron‐microscopic (EM) study of the non‐sclerotic glomeruli was made in 96 children with the nephrotic syndrome in whom light microscopy had shown minimal change, focal global glomerulosclerosis or segmental glomerulosclerosis. EM showed a variety of alterations. Foot process fusion, duplication and crenation of the lamina densa, and granular and lucent expansion of lamina rara interna were noted in almost all patients in all three groups. Localised ulceration of the podocytes was noted in some patients in each group. There was no difference in the mean thickness of the glomerular basal lamina but there was an increase with age in minimal change. Curious extracellular curved striated bodies, clusters of electron‐dense, round microparticles and microfilaments were found in all three. but most frequently in segmental glomerular sclerosis. Electrondense deposits were seen in all but one of the patients with segmental glomerular sclerosis and usually involved the capillary wall. They were seen in one third of those with minimal change and focal glomerular sclerosis but rarely in the capillary wall. There were no specific features which distinguished segmental glomerular sclerosis although the various types of deposits were more extensive and more frequent than in minimal change and focal glomerular sclerosis. These observations are consistent with common pathogenetic factors operating at different intensities in segmental glomerular sclerosis, focal glomerular sclerosis and minimal change.
Tissue calcification and inflammation in osteoarthritis
Authors: Doyle David V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractClinical evidence of inflammation and the presence of calcium phosphate crystals in the joint fluid are both characteristics frequently seen in osteoarthritic patients. However, the relevance of the crystal deposition to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remains unclear. In this study of 28 patients with advanced osteoarthritis the frequency and type of crystal deposition has been investigated and the relationship between tissue inflammation and crystal deposition has been explored. Tissue calcification, though present in all patients, is but one of sevral intra‐articular inflammatory agents. Its relevance to inflammation in osteoarthritis is discussed.
Plasma membrane and phagosome localisation of the activated NADPH oxidase in elicited peritoneal macrophages of the guinea‐pig
Authors: Berton Giorgio , Bellavite Paolo , de Nicola Guiseppina , Dri Pietro , Rossi Filippo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe subecelluar distribution of the NADPH oxidase of guinea‐pig peritoneal‐elicited macrophages was investigated. Postnuclear supernatants obtained from PMA‐stimulated macrophages were fractionated in discontinuous sucrose gradients. The NADPH xoidase was found to be enriched at the interface between 20 and 34 per cent. sucrose. This interface was also enriched in 5′‐nucleotidase, a plasma membrane marker and in glucose‐6‐phosphatase and NADPH‐cytochrome c reductase, two endoplasmic reticulum maarkers. The distribution in the gradient of β‐glucuronidase, a marker of lysosomes and of succinate dehydrogenase, a marker of mitochondria was clearly different from that of NADPH oxidase and of the marker of plasma membrane and of endoplasmic reticulum.These results indicated that in stimulated‐elicited macrophages the NADPH oxidase is associated with a membrane fraction. With the fractionation technique employed it was not possible to clarify whether the oxidase is locatd in the plasma membrane or in the endoplasmic reticulum. In order to clarify this matter the isolation of phagosomes was performed. NADPH oxidase was found to be enriched in the phagosomal fraction. Phagosomes were also found to be enriched in the plasma membrane marker 5′‐nucleotidase. Glucose‐6‐phosphatase, a marker of endoplasmic reticulum, and β‐glucuronidase, a marker of lysosomes were not enriched in the phagosomal fraction. The results obtained clearly suggest that the activated NADPH oxidase of peritoneal elicited macrophages of guinea pig is located in the plasma membrane.
Elastase‐induced emphysema: Asynchronous bronchial, alveolar and endothelial cell proliferation during the acute response to injury
Authors: Weinberg K. S. , Hayes J. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine whether elastase injury, which results in extensive remodelling of the hamster lung to produce a panacinar type of emphysema, also induces significant lung cell damage. Anaesthetised hamsters were given a single intratracheal injection of 0.3 mg (18 units) purified elastase (Sigma Type IV) in phsiologic saline and were killed 4, 6, 8, 16, 24 h, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days after exposure, DNA synthesis was assessed by autoradiography of sectioned tissue and scintillation counting of tissue blocks using injected tritiated thymidine (3HTdR). DNA, RNA and protein levels were also measured. Saline injected and unexposed animals were used as controls.Widespread mitotic activity was induced in three separate cell compartments, the peak of activity in each compartment occurring at different times. The first peak in labelling index was seen in non‐ciliated, non‐secretory bronchial cell at 24 h when a value of 8 per cent. was reached. This was followed by mitosis in Type II alveolar cell with a labelling index of 15 per cent. at 2 days and, lastly, in endothelial cells which showed an index of 9.8 per cent. at 4 days. The differences between the peaks was significant (P ≤ 0.001). RNA content in elastase‐exposed animals showed prolonged depression and had not regained control values by the end of the experiment. Protein and DNA content, and 3HTdR incorporation showed significant elevations, particularly about the fourth day after injury. Protein and DNA content and 3HTdR incorporation were not significantly changed in either group of controls.The study shows that there is asynchronous mitotic activity in bronchial, alveolar Type II epithelial, and endothelial cells following a dose of elastase which is known to induce emphysema. More important, it shows that the lung reaction to elastase is quite different from the response induced by oxygen, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and cadmium chloride injuries, where the injury is predominantly epithelial. In contrast, we believe that elastase damages the structural framework of the lung and that this indirectly stimulates mitotic activity in the cells lining airways and blood vessels.
Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscles in dengue virus‐infected mice
Authors: Nath Pramod , Agrawal Devendra K. , Mehrotra R. M. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDengue type 2 virus was inoculated intracerebrally in 20 adult swiss albino mice. Thigh muscles were removed after 24 h 3, 5 and 7 days after virus inoculation. Electron microscopic studies of the striated muscles show destruction of myofibrils, rarification of the sarcoplasmic reticulum network and changes in the mitochondria. Aggregates of electron‐dense material as well as glycogen particles were also seen in the cytoplasm.
The distribution of immunoglobulin and other plasma proteins in human reactive lymph nodes
Authors: Curran R. C. , Gregory J. , Jones E. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of immunoglobulin, transferrin and albumin in human reactive lymph nodes was determined by the unlabelled antibody peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) method and correlated with the structure of the nodes. All the nodes contained secondary lymphoid follicles which showed polarity towards a lymph sinus, usually the marginal sinus. The lymphatic sinuses were usually dilated. Various types of reticulum cells were demonstrated effectively by the metalophil method. Intracellular and extracellular antigen was well shown in paraffin sections of tissues fixed in buffered formaldehyde containing 5 per cent. acetic acid but cryostat sections were superior for surface Ig. The lymphocyte corona of each follicle reacted for surface immunoglobulin (μ, α, δ κ and λ chains). A polyclonal population of immunoglobulin‐containing cells (centrocytes, centroblasts and plasma cells) was present in the follicle centre and numerous plasma cells were often found in the interfollicular areas; each of these cells contained one heavy and one light chain. The many other sites that reacted for immunoglobulin contained not only several heavy chains and both light chains but also transferrin and albumin: these sites included lymphocyte‐like cells in the interfollicular areas; histiocytic, dendritic and fibroblastic reticulum cells; clusters of lymphocytes associated with dendritic reticulum cells; clusters of lymphocytes associated with dendritic reticulum cells; the cells lining the lymphatic sinuses and the intrasinusoidal reticulum cells; endothelial cells of the high endothelial venules; “extracellular” material in the germinal centres. The lymphatic endothelium and intrasinusoidal reticulum cells differed from the other sites, however, in reacting strongly for α and J chain and very weakly for γ chain. The fact that in reactive lymphoid tissue many cells contain several plasma proteins makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the role that such cells may have in the immune system. The morphological structure and immunohistochemical findings in ractive nodes are contrasted with the findings in lymphomas.
The ultra‐structure of a melanotic schwannoma of the skin
Authors: Webb J. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe case is described of a 53‐year‐old female with a pigmented tumour of the skin of the foot. The light and electron‐microscopic findings established that the tumour was a melanotic Schwannoma. The ultra‐structural features indicated that the Schwann cells, which contained melanosomes in varying stages of maturation, were producing melanin. A second type of cell within the tumour with features of a mesenchymal cell also contained melanosomes. The interrelationships of nerve sheath tumours, their relationship to pigment cells of neural crest origin and to other pigmented tumours of uncertain histogenesis, is discussed in the light of the findings described in the paper.