bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systems approach to planning for human‐wildlife coexistence: The case of people and jaguars in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Marchini Silvio , Boulhosa Ricardo , Camargo Juliana , Camilo André Restel , Concone Henrique , Feliciani Felipe , Ferrardo Isabella , Figueiroa Gustavo , Fragoso Carlos Eduardo , Morato Ronaldo , Porfírio Grasiela , Salomão Jorge , Sampaio Ricardo , Santos Cyntia Cavalcanti , Tortato Fernando Rodrigo , Viana Diego , Tomas Walfrido Moraes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman‐wildlife coexistence as a concept and management objective has received increasing attention from researchers and decision makers. The coexistence approach will benefit from the recognition that, at broader scales, human‐wildlife interactions (HWI) are best understood and managed collaboratively and as complex systems, that is, dynamic, non‐linear, emergent, adaptive and, therefore, unpredictable. We present a planning process for human‐wildlife coexistence that provides a platform for collaboration between researchers and decision‐makers—and other stakeholders as well—and recognizes the complex nature of HWI. The three elements that define the process are: coexistence instead of conservation or conflict mitigation as a goal, systems thinking as the approach, and an emphasis on verifiable results rather than actions. As a way of illustration, we describe a 3‐day planning workshop for human‐jaguar coexistence in the Pantanal, Brazil. The 15 participants representing the academic, governmental, and non‐profit sectors identified 12 interactions directly involving 27 stakeholders and indirectly another 55. A theory of change was produced, connecting 20 actions—to be performed by 22 actors—with the 57 factors that directly and indirectly drive the interactions. How these results complement other approaches such as Action Plans is discussed. The proposed approach favors the pragmatism of adaptive co‐management over the often unrealistic expectation of a linear path to solution, or in other words, a shift from the notion of human‐wildlife coexistence as a quantifiable target to that of coexistence as a desired system state.
Alcoholic beverage types consumed by population subgroups in the United States: Implications for alcohol policy to address health disparities
Authors: Cook Won Kim , Kerr William C. , Zhu Yachen , Bright Sophie , Buckley Charlotte , Kilian Carolin , Lasserre Aurelie M. , Llamosas‐Falcón Laura , Mulia Nina , Rehm Jürgen , Probst Charlotte 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to identify alcoholic beverage types more likely to be consumed by demographic subgroups with greater alcohol‐related health risk than others, mainly individuals with low socio‐economic status, racial/ethnic minority status and high drinking levels.MethodsFractional logit modelling was performed using a nationally representative sample of US adult drinkers (analytic N = 37,657) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Waves 2 (2004–2005) and 3 (2012–2013). The outcomes were the proportions of pure alcohol consumed as beer, wine, liquor and coolers (defined as wine‐/malt‐/liquor‐based coolers, hard lemonade, hard cider and any prepackaged cocktails of alcohol and mixer).ResultsAdults with lower education and low or medium income were more likely to drink beer, liquor and coolers, while those with a 4‐year college/advanced degree and those with high income preferred wine. Excepting Asian adults, racial/ethnic minority adults were more likely to drink beer (Hispanics) and liquor (Blacks), compared with White adults. High‐ or very‐high‐level drinkers were more likely to consume liquor and beer and less likely to consume wine (and coolers), compared with low‐level drinkers. High‐level and very‐high‐level drinkers, who were less than 10% of all drinkers, consumed over half of the total volume of beer, liquor and coolers consumed by all adults.Discussion and ConclusionsIndividuals with low socio‐economic status, racial/ethnic minority status or high drinking level prefer liquor and beer. As alcohol taxes, sales and marketing practices all are beverage‐specific, targeted approaches to reduce consumption of these beverages, particularly among individuals with these profiles, are warranted.
A qualitative study of the perceptions and experiences of participants and healthcare professionals in the DiRECT‐Australia type 2 diabetes remission service
Authors: Chimoriya Ritesh , MacMillan Freya , Lean Michael , Simmons David , Piya Milan K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe UK Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) study was replicated in an Australian primary care setting. This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the perceptions and experiences of both participants and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in the DiRECT‐Australia Type 2 Diabetes Remission Service.MethodsAll participants and HCPs delivering the service were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews via online videoconferencing. The interview guides explored perceptions and experiences in DiRECT‐Australia, covering aspects such as barriers and facilitators to recruitment and participation, motivations and challenges across service phases, adequacy of support provided and the overall acceptability of the service. All interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsEight DiRECT‐Australia participants and six HCPs (three general practitioners, two practice nurses and one dietitian) participated. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Enablers and barriers to recruitment and continuous participation in DiRECT‐Australia; (2) Motivators and overcoming barriers across the total diet replacement, food reintroduction and weight maintenance phases; (3) Importance of participant‐HCP interactions and continuous support; (4) Acceptance and long‐term need for DiRECT‐Australia. Adherence to total diet replacement was less challenging than anticipated by participants. Transitioning to the food reintroduction phase was difficult but overcome through HCP support. DiRECT‐Australia was well accepted by both participants and HCPs, and participants expressed willingness to continue with the service, if provided on a long‐term basis.ConclusionsBoth participants and HCPs were highly interested in the new diabetes remission service set up in an Australian primary care setting. The acceptability of DiRECT‐Australia was underscored by participants emphasising the effectiveness of the service in achieving significant weight loss and diabetes remission. There is a need for long‐term and wider implementation of the service to ensure that anyone with recent onset type 2 diabetes is offered the best possible chance to achieve remission.
Effect of albiglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in older adults: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gilbert Matthew P. , Skelly Joan , Hernandez Adrian F. , Green Jennifer B. , Krychtiuk Konstantin A. , Granger Christopher B. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McMurray John J. V. , Del Prato Stefano , Pratley Richard E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo analyse the effects of albiglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist, on cardiovascular outcomes in older adults aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease who participated in the Harmony Outcomes trial (NCT02465515).Materials and methodsWe conducted a post hoc analysis of the primary endpoint of the Harmony Outcomes trial—time to first occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event—in subgroups of participants aged <65 and ≥65 years and <75 and ≥75 years at baseline. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThe analysis population included 9462 Harmony Outcomes participants, including 4748 patients ≥65 and 1140 patients ≥75 years at baseline. Hazard ratios for the prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.53‐0.82) in persons <65 and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.71‐1.04) in those ≥65 years (age interaction p = .07), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67‐0.91) in <75 and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.48‐1.01) in ≥75 year age groups (interaction p = .6). When analysed as a continuous variable, age did not modify the effect of albiglutide on the primary endpoint.ConclusionsThis post hoc analysis adds to the body of literature showing that glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists added to standard type 2 diabetes therapy safely reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in older adults with established cardiovascular disease. In this analysis, the risk‐benefit profile was similar between younger and older age groups treated with albiglutide.
Uric acid‐lowering effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for preventing cardiovascular events and mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Diallo A. , Diallo M. F. , Carlos‐Bolumbu M. , Galtier F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the effect of a 1 mg/dl reduction in uric acid (UA) on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients treated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.Research Design and MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases searched up to 30 June 2023 (PROSPERO, CRD42022355479) to identify large‐scale SGLT2 inhibitor trials. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were used to pool the estimates.ResultsIn total, five SGLT2 inhibitor trials (31 535 patients, 54% with heart failure) were analysed. Over a median follow‐up of 2.2 years, the mean reduction in UA was −0.79 mg/dl (95% confidence interval (CI), −1.03 to −0.54). Every 1 mg/dl reduction in UA was associated with a significantly lower risk of a composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure [hazard ratio, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46–0.88)] and hospitalization for heart failure (0.68; 95% CI, 0.62–0.74), with a similar risk of mortality.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors reduced UA levels and cardiovascular events independently of heart failure status.
Impact of pulmonary stenosis on right ventricular global longitudinal strain in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients post transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Williams Jason L. , Dodeja Anudeep K. , Boe Brian , Samples Stefani , Alexander Robin , Hor Kan , Lee Simon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMixed pulmonary disease with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and stenosis (PS) in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) can negatively impact ventricular health. Myocardial strain has been shown to be more sensitive at detecting occult ventricular dysfunction compared to right ventricular ejection fraction (RV EF). We hypothesize that rTOF patients with predominant PS will have lower RV global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) prior to and post‐transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR).MethodsA retrospective cohort of rTOF patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac catheterization for right ventricular pressure (RVSP) measurement were analyzed at three time points: before valve implantation, at discharge and within 18 months post‐TPVR. Patients were dichotomized into three groups based on RVSP: 0%–49%, 50%–74%, and >75%. RV GLS and left ventricular (LV) GLS by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) were obtained from the apical 4‐chamber using TomTec software (TOMTEC IS, Germany).ResultsForty‐eight patients were included. Every 14.3% increase in preimplantation RVSP above 28% was associated with an absolute magnitude 1% lower RV GLS (p = .001). Preimplantation RVSP when 75% or higher had 3.36% worse RV GLS than the lowest bin (p = .014). Overall, average RV strain magnitude was higher when preimplantation RVSP was less than 50% and had greater improvement over the three time points. Higher post implantation RVSP correlated with lower strain magnitude.ConclusionPatients with significant PS (>50%) may benefit from earlier PVR and not depend solely on RV size and EF. Myocardial strain may be a more sensitive marker of function; however, larger, prospective studies are needed.
Combining samples in small area estimation: An application to poverty mapping in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSmall area estimation (SAE), which combines a population census and a sample survey, is widely used to estimate poverty and welfare indicators in small areas. A common situation in practice is that a population census is conducted using both short‐ and long‐form questionnaires. The short form is used to collect basic demographic information for the whole population, while the long form is used to collect additional information, such as employment, from a random sample. This study shows that combining both short‐ and long‐form data can improve estimation efficiency. This method is applied to poverty maps for the 2014–2019 period in Vietnam.
Insecticide resistance triggers a reduction of virulence to host‐plant defenses in the brown planthopper
Authors: Fujii Tomohisa , Matsukura Keiichiro , Van Chien Ho , Cuong Le Quoc , Loc Phung Minh , Estoy Gerardo F. , Matsumura Masaya , Sanada‐Morimura Sachiyo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlants produce various phytochemicals against herbivory, but phytophagous insects have encountered phytochemicals in the co‐evolutionary history between plants and insects. Selection pressure exerted by phytochemicals triggers a preadaptation to insecticide resistance in insect pests that is due to detoxification systems that are common to phytochemicals and insecticides in the insect's body. We investigated the interaction between the host plant resistance of rice cultivars and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Forty brown planthopper resistance gene loci (BPHs) that are related to phytochemicals in various cultivars of rice inhibit feeding by N. lugens, but this planthopper has developed virulence to resistant rice cultivars possessing some genes. Nilaparvata lugens has also developed resistance to some insecticides as a rapid adaptation to human‐driven selection. We tested the hypothesis that the evolution of insects' resistance to an insecticide is promoted by their encounters with phytochemicals. We compared the virulence of imidacloprid‐resistant and control N. lugens strains toward seven rice cultivars that possess different genes, and we observed that the imidacloprid‐resistant N. lugens had reduced virulence to three rice cultivars, Rathu Heenati (BPH3, BPH17), Babawee (BPH4), and Balamawee (BPH27, three quantitative trait loci), meaning that the development of imidacloprid resistance has a negative impact on the virulence of N. lugens to three cultivars. Our results indicate trade‐offs rather than a co‐relationship between the evolution of insecticide resistance and encounters with host plant defense.
Direct and indirect host‐related volatile compounds attract a fruit fly parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
Authors: Devescovi Francisco , Fernández Patricia C. , Bachmann Guillermo E. , Nussenbaum Ana L. , Segura Diego F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFruit fly pests (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a serious problem for fruit production and for local and international trade. Biological control is increasingly included as a pest control tool within integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, seeking to reduce pesticides and improve fruit quality. Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), is probably the most damaging fruit fly pest, with a global distribution and more than 200 host species. The solitary larval endoparasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a biocontrol agent widely used against Tephritidae fruit fly pests. Previous studies showed that female wasps locate host larvae using visual, mechanical, and chemical cues. Here, we investigated the chemical basis of female parasitoid attraction to cues that guide D. longicaudata to the host, and thus unveil volatile organic compounds that might be used in IPM programmes. Female orientation to chemical cues was tested in a Y‐tube olfactometer, where attraction to C. capitata‐infested oranges, oranges with residues of larval activity, oranges infected with a green mould, and overripe oranges was confirmed. Volatiles from all these types of fruit were collected and used in gas chromatography‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD) and GC‐mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. These studies allowed us to identify six candidate compounds that were present in all treated oranges but not in the control fruit (ripe and uninfested oranges): D‐limonene, acetophenone, linalool, nonanal, decanal, and eugenol. Electroantennography (EAG) showed that acetophenone, nonanal, and decanal triggered dose‐dependent responses, suggesting a relevant role in the process of host finding. Although responses to D‐limonene, linalool, and eugenol were independent of the dose, they could be involved in host location in areas with high probability of host presence. The fact that these six compounds are shared by the four behaviourally attractive sources opens new possibilities for the development of novel tools to improve biocontrol programmes.
Stigma experienced as worse than symptoms of schizophrenia: A qualitative study about The OpusPanel
Authors: Davy Josefine Winther , Arnfred Benjamin Thorup , Larsen Lene Qvist , Christensen Freja Pagels , Iversen Tina , Eplov Lene Falgaard , Nordentoft Merete , Melau Marianne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimFormer patients and relatives of people who have received treatment in OPUS, a Danish specialized early intervention for first episode psychosis, have since 2009 worked to reduce stigma and increase hope related to schizophrenia and psychosis. They established The OpusPanel to share their own stories of living with an invisible disorder with new patients, health care professionals, politicians, and members of the public. The impact of The OpusPanel on stigma has not previously been explored or evaluated. The article aims to evaluate and gain an in‐depth understanding of The OpusPanel's anti‐stigma impact.MethodsIn a qualitative design, 27 people with different affiliations to The OpusPanel were interviewed using semi‐structured interview guides to capture their individual experiences of listening to, interacting with, or being part of The OpusPanel. Interview guides were constructed following a focus group interview with members of The OpusPanel. Analysis of the multi‐perspectival dataset was facilitated through an interpretative phenomenological approach with investigator triangulation. Preliminary results were returned to the focus group members to ensure relevance and accuracy.ResultsThe study found that almost all interviewees described a sense of hopefulness and decreased stigma after having experienced a member from The OpusPanel present their story or participating as panel members themselves.ConclusionThe findings suggest that attending presentations or participating in The OpusPanel reduces stigmatizing views about others or oneself. The study may inform The OpusPanel and similar initiatives for challenging stigma related to schizophrenia or psychosis.
Assessing psychotic‐like experiences using categorical and metacognitive approaches: A validation of polish self‐report measures
Authors: Kowalski Joachim , Szczypiński Jan , Aleksandrowicz Adrianna , Bagrowska Paulina , Dąbkowska Małgorzata , Pionke‐Ubych Renata , Gawęda Łukasz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimPsychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) are experiences in the general population that, in their extreme form, are attributed to clinical psychosis. They are correlated with general psychopathology and increased risk of developing psychosis. Previous research show a multitude of measuring tools which most often lack psychometric validation. This study aimed to examine both categorical and metacognitive measures of PLEs.MethodsConfirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used in seven online studies with n's ranging from 259 to 6772 to explore factor structures of Prodromal Questionnaire 16 item (PQ‐16), Revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R‐GPTS), Multi‐Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (MUSEQ), Beliefs about Paranoia Scale (BAPS) and Interpretation of Voices Inventory (IVI). Additionally, we explored measurement invariance between diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and undiagnosed individuals in PQ‐16, R‐GPTS and BAPS.ResultsWe confirmed the factor structures of all questionnaires except IVI. We confirmed configural, threshold and metric measurement invariance in R‐GPTS and BAPS and partially PQ‐16.ConclusionsThe current results demonstrate structural validity and measurement invariance of several categorical and metacognitive measures of PLEs.
Relapse in schizophrenia: The role of factors other than non‐adherence to treatment
Authors: Smit R. , Luckhoff H. K. , Phahladira L. , Du Plessis S. , Emsley R. , Asmal L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimRelapse rates are very high in schizophrenia. However, little is known about the predictors of the time to relapse other than treatment non‐adherence. We investigated possible risk factors for the time to relapse in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia (n = 107) who received assured treatment by way of long‐acting injectable antipsychotic over 24 months and who underwent regular clinical, cognitive, and metabolic assessments.MethodsUsing Cox regression analyses we assessed selected premorbid and baseline potential predictors of time to relapse. Relapse was defined using operationally defined relapse criteria.ResultsIn the primary analysis only neurological soft signs total score retained significance, with higher scores predicting shorter time to relapse (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.10, p = .029). In a more detailed secondary analysis poorer social relationships predicted shorter time to relapse (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76–0.95, p = .003).ConclusionOur predominantly negative findings suggest that many of the previously implicated risk factors for the time to relapse are mediated by non‐adherence rather than having a direct effect on relapse‐proneness. Neurological soft signs, and perhaps quality of life in social relationships appear to play a role and merit further investigation.
recolorize: An R package for flexible colour segmentation of biological images
Authors: Weller Hannah I. , Hiller Anna E. , Lord Nathan P. , Van Belleghem Steven M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColour pattern variation provides biological information in fields ranging from disease ecology to speciation dynamics. Comparing colour pattern geometries across images requires colour segmentation, where pixels in an image are assigned to one of a set of colour classes shared by all images. Manual methods for colour segmentation are slow and subjective, while automated methods can struggle with high technical variation in aggregate image sets. We present recolorize, an R package toolbox for human‐subjective colour segmentation with functions for batch‐processing low‐variation image sets and additional tools for handling images from diverse (high‐variation) sources. The package also includes export options for a variety of formats and colour analysis packages. This paper illustrates recolorize for three example datasets, including high variation, batch processing and combining with reflectance spectra, and demonstrates the downstream use of methods that rely on this output.