bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flash drought: A state of the science review
Authors: Christian Jordan I. , Hobbins Mike , Hoell Andrew , Otkin Jason A. , Ford Trent W. , Cravens Amanda E. , Powlen Kathryn A. , Wang Hailan , Mishra Vimal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the two decades, since the advent of the term “flash drought,” considerable research has been directed toward the topic. Within the scientific community, we have actively forged a new paradigm that has avoided a chaotic evolution of conventional drought but instead recognizes that flash droughts have distinct dynamics and, particularly, impacts. We have moved beyond the initial debate over the definition of flash drought to a centralized focus on the triad of rapid onset, drought development, and associated impacts. The refinement toward this general set of principles has led to significant progress in determining key variables for monitoring flash drought development, identifying notable case studies, and compiling fundamental physical characteristics of flash drought. However, critical focus areas still remain, including advancing our knowledge on the atmospheric and oceanic drivers of flash drought; developing flash drought‐specific detection indices and monitoring systems tailored to practitioners; improving subseasonal‐to‐seasonal prediction of these events; constraining uncertainty in flash drought and impact projections; and using social science to further our understanding of impacts, particularly with regard to sectors that lie outside of our traditional hydroclimatological focus, such as wildfire management and food‐security monitoring. Researchers and stakeholders working together on these critical topics will assure society is resilient to flash drought in a changing climate.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water Extremes
New energy decay for a nonlinearly damped system of wave equations
Authors: Zhu Xiangyu , Liao Menglan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a nonlinearly damped system of wave equations is considered. Uniform energy decay was discussed in the previous work (Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S, 2 (2009) 583–608) for if the space dimension is 3. New energy decay is proposed for by choosing appropriate multiplier related to a non‐increasing differential function. As an example, a logarithmic energy decay is also presented.
Realistic Ambitions: Technology Transfer for Biologics Platform Technologies
Authors: Banda Geoffrey , Wanjala Cecilia , Manduku Veronica , Kale Dinar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter argues that the recent international support for expanding vaccine production in African countries offers local policymakers and industrialists an opportunity that should be seized, to transition local manufacturing capabilities to produce biologics. Biologics offer a broader portfolio of cancer therapies. Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies represent an incremental innovation for vaccine manufacturers, with lower learning and transition costs than those that would be faced by manufacturers of chemical drugs seeking to move into biologics. However, biologics production in Africa is not only a technological project, it is also political and economic, feeding into geo-politics debates.
Palliation Economics: The Industrial Organisation of Morphine in India
Authors: Srinivas Smita , Ghai Ojasvi , Rajadhyaksha Lekhaabra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA shortage of medication for severe pain undermines cancer care—and other treatments—across India and Africa. In India however, the entire supply chain of industrial production of morphine is within the country, yet need remains unmet. This chapter identifies systemic institutional gaps between clinical training, decentralized care, ambition and scope of supply chain management, and difficulty in carving out national autonomy on palliation needs, that are preventing the resolution of this crisis. Tackling these institutional gaps could remove uncertainty for public and private firms making investment decisions, and provide clearer pathways to markets for pain management.
Using Scenarios to Support Innovation and Mutual Linkages
Authors: Steenmans Ine , Idris Maimanah , Chataway Joanna , Njeru Mercy Karimi , Wangwe Samuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes scenario building with local stakeholders from industry and healthcare, including clinicians, policymakers and regulators, to identify interlocking scope for intervention towards sustainable health improvement. Scenario building is highly collaborative and envisages different possible futures to answer ‘what if’ policy questions. The chapter explains how to build scenarios using participatory mapping of cross-system linkages, and describes two cancer care innovation exercises: one describes collaborative scenario building on how to tackle pain management gaps in Tanzania; the second documents collective envisaging in Kenya of how to improve access to essential cancer care commodities, needed to support dignity and ability to work.
Conclusion: Better Cancer Care and Greater Local Health Security: Lessons, Opportunities and Ways Forward
Authors: Banda Geoffrey , Mackintosh Maureen , Njeru Mercy Karimi , Srinivas Smita , Chataway Joanna , Makene Fortunata Songora 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn pulling together the book’s analytical themes and practical lessons in the conclusion, this chapter emphasises as a core theme the scope for bringing together health, industrial development and innovation to build greater local health security, for cancer care, across the spectrum of health need and pandemic preparedness. The pandemic and our study of cancer care reinforced the importance of simultaneous co-resolution of challenges pertaining to health systems strengthening, development of broad industrial capabilities and improvements in planning, organisational, funding and institutional capabilities. This is critical for building agile and resilient local health security, a critical pre-condition for global health security.
Beyond “Late Presentation”: Explaining Delayed Cancer Diagnosis in East Africa
Authors: Cross Charlotte , Mokua Sharon , Ngilangwa Richard , Santos Cristina , Ngoma Twalib , Mujinja Phares G. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter considers the health system “maze” from the perspective of health professionals aiming to create smoother managed pathways to and through cancer care. The authors argue that the wider cancer literature’s concept of “late presentation” can be misleading in directing too much attention to patients’ delays before presenting symptoms, while by contrast, most diagnostic delays faced by our interviewees occurred after their first arrival at a facility. The chapter identifies key bottlenecks faced by patients before diagnosis; assesses the scope for feasible improvements in the speed of diagnosis—central to survival chances—and identifies points of leverage for feasible improvement.
Cupboard Full, Cupboard Empty: The Industrial Building Blocks of Covid-19 and Cancer Systems
Authors: Srinivas Smita 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndustrial organization is central to cancer care and local health security. This chapter shows why that is so, starting from the experiences of the author of working across health/industrial boundaries under pressure during the pandemic in India. India has a much stronger local industrial base and innovative capabilities than Kenya or Tanzania, yet it struggles to build on that advantage to improve access to timely cancer care for its population. The chapter’s framing challenges the reader to grasp the complexity of responsibility in designing viable policy to address the linkages and gaps between the industrial sector and the ﻿health system that uses the products.
Oncology Drug Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Challenge and Opportunity, with Evidence from India
Authors: Mackintosh Maureen , Chaudhuri Sudip , Mohamed Nazeem , Wangwe Samuel , Ngoma Twalib , Manduku Veronica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the scope for local production in East Africa of essential oncology medication, drawing on evidence of local clinical need; on Indian data on markets for generic oncology medication; and on industrial and regulatory experience. Import-dependence in oncology is almost complete across Sub-Saharan Africa, while India is a key exporter. The chapter documents competition failures in generic oncology markets and demonstrates the huge affordability impact of effective procurement of these medicines within India. Challenges for local oncology manufacturing are identified. The chapter argues that active health-industrial research linkages can build a local African oncology industry.
Soft theorems in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Mao Pujian , Zhang Kai-Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we derive a soft photon theorem and a soft gluon theorem in the de Sitter spacetime from the Ward identity of the near cosmological horizon large gauge transformation. Taking the flat limit of the de Sitter spacetime, the soft theorems naturally recover the corresponding flat spacetime soft theorems.
IGF2BP3-mediated enhanced stability of MYLK represses MSC adipogenesis and alleviates obesity and insulin resistance in HFD mice
Authors: Huang Xiuji , He Wuhui , Fan Shuai , Li Hui , Ye Guiwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold immense potential as multipotent stem cells and serve as a primary source of adipocytes. The process of MSC adipogenesis plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis and has garnered significant attention in tissue bioengineering. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent RNA modification, is known to regulate cell fate and disease. However, the precise involvement of m6A readers in MSC adipogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of IGF2BP3, a prominent m6A reader, on MSC adipogenesis. Our findings revealed a decrease in IGF2BP3 expression during the natural adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, IGF2BP3 was found to repress MSC adipogenesis by augmenting the levels of MYLK, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 interacted with MYLK mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner, extending its half-life and subsequently inhibiting the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 pathway, thereby impeding the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Additionally, we successfully achieved the overexpression of IGF2BP3 through intraperitoneal injection of adeno-associated virus serotype Rec2, which specifically targeted adipose tissue. This intervention resulted in reduced body weight and improved insulin resistance in high-fat diet mice. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the role of IGF2BP3 in MSC adipogenesis, shedding light on adipocyte-related disorders and presenting potential targets for related biomedical applications.
Stein–Weiss type inequality on the upper half space and its applications
Authors: Li Xiang , Shen Zifei , Squassina Marco , Yang Minbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some Stein–Weiss type inequalities with general kernels on the upper half space and study the extremal functions of the optimal constant. Furthermore, we also investigate the regularity, asymptotic estimates, symmetry and non-existence results of positive solutions of corresponding Euler–Lagrange system. As an application, we derive some Liouville type results for the Hartree type equations on the half space.
Dissolving-grade pulp: a sustainable source for fiber production
Authors: Quintana Elisabet , Valls Cristina , Roncero M. Blanca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe global textile fiber output increased five times from 1975 to 2020. Also, in 2010, the combined demand for man-made and natural fibers was projected to increase by 84% within 20 years. Clothing materials are largely made from cotton or petroleum-based synthetic fibers; both sources, however, have adverse environmental impacts. Thus, cotton requires vast amounts of land, water, fertilizers and pesticides, and synthetic fibers are not biodegradable. This scenario has raised the need for further exploration of cellulose polymers as sustainable sources for the textile industry. Cellulose, the most abundant renewable organic material on earth, is an outstanding polymer that by chemical derivatization or modification can offer a broad range of applications. Dissolving-grade pulp (DGP), which consists of highly pure cellulose, is the most suitable material for manufacturing cellulose derivatives and regenerated fibers. The latter are typically obtained by using the viscose process, which has considerable adverse environmental impacts. Although the textile industry has progressed substantially, further efforts are still needed to make its entire production chain more sustainable. This article provides an in-depth introduction to the potential of fibers with a high cellulose content, known as dissolving-grade pulps. It reviews the properties of DGP, the cooking and purifying methods typically used to obtain it, and the process by which paper-grade pulp can be converted into dissolving-grade pulp. Also, it discusses traditional and recently developed technologies for producing regenerated cellulose fibers. Finally, it examines the potential for recovering cellulose from textile waste as a novel sustainable practice.
Downhill running increases markers of muscle damage and impairs the maximal voluntary force production as well as the late phase of the rate of voluntary force development
Authors: Coratella Giuseppe , Varesco Giorgio , Rozand Vianney , Cuinet Benjamin , Sansoni Veronica , Lombardi Giovanni , Vernillo Gianluca , Mourot Laurent 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examined the time-course of the early and late phase of the rate of voluntary force development (RVFD) and muscle damage markers after downhill running.

Methods
Ten recreational runners performed a 30-min downhill run at 10 km h−1 and −20% (−11.3°) on a motorized treadmill. At baseline and each day up to 4 days RVFD, knee extensors maximum voluntary isometric force (MVIC), serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration, quadriceps swelling, and soreness were assessed. The early (0–50 ms) and late (100–200 ms) phase of the RVFD, as well as the force developed at 50 and 200 ms, were also determined.

Results
MVIC showed moderate decrements (p < 0.05) and recovered after 4 days (p > 0.05). Force at 50 ms and the early phase were not impaired (p > 0.05). Conversely, force at 200 ms and the late phase showed moderate decrements (p < 0.05) and recovered after 3 and 4 days, respectively (p > 0.05). CK concentration, quadriceps swelling, and soreness increased (p < 0.05) were overall fully resolved after 4 days (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Downhill running affected the knee extensors RVFD late but not early phase. The RVFD late phase may be used as an additional marker of muscle damage in trail running.
Covalent immobilization of β-galactosidase using a novel carrier alginate/tea waste: statistical optimization of beads modification and reusability
Authors: Abdella Mohamed A. A. , Hassan Mohamed E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstractβ-galactosidase has been immobilized onto novel alginate/tea waste gel beads (Alg/TW) via covalent binding. Alg/TW beads were subjected to chemical modification through amination with polyethyleneimine (PEI) followed by activation with glutaraldehyde (GA). Chemical modification parameters including PEI concentration, PEI pH, and GA concentration were statistically optimized using Response Surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results confirmed the great significance of the model that had F value of 37.26 and P value < 0.05. Furthermore, the R2 value (0.9882), Adjusted R2 value (0.9617), and predicted R2 value (0.8130) referred to the high correlation between predicted and experimental values, demonstrating the fitness of the model. In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) value was 2.90 that pointed to the accuracy of the experiments. The highest immobilization yield (IY) of β-galactosidase (75.1%) was given under optimized conditions of PEI concentration (4%), PEI pH (9.5), and GA concentration (2.5%). Alg/TW beads were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM techniques at each step of immobilization process. Moreover, the immobilized β-galactosidase revealed a very good reusability as it could be reused for 15 and 20 consecutive cycles keeping 99.7 and 72.1% of its initial activity, respectively. In conclusion, the environmental waste (tea waste) can be used in modern technological industries such as the food and pharmaceutical industry.
The effects of injectable platelet-rich fibrin application on wound healing following gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations: single-blind, randomized controlled, prospective clinical study
Authors: Bahar Şeyma Çardakcı , Karakan Nebi Cansın , Vurmaz Ayhan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of wound healing using injectable platelet-rich fibrin (IPRF) after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty.

Materials and methods
In this clinical study, 46 systemically healthy patients with chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement were randomly treated with gingivectomy-gingivoplasty + I-PRF (n=23) or gingivectomy-gingivoplasty alone (n=23). The primary outcome was to evaluate the effect of I-PRF on wound healing over a 3-week follow-up period. Samples collected from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were processed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA) to measure VEGF and FGF-10 biomarkers. The surgical areas were stained with Mira-2 tone and evaluated in ImageJ. Wound healing was evaluated with Modified Manchester Scar (MMS) scale and Landry, Turnbull, and Howley (LTH) index.

Results
VEGF values of the control group at baseline, week 2, and week 3 were significantly higher than the test group. In weeks 2 and 3, FGF-10 values were found to be significantly higher in the control group than the test group. The amount of staining was found to be significantly higher in the control group than in the test group on days 3, 7, and 14. LTH values of the control group were significantly lower than the test group and MMS values were significantly higher than those of the test group.

Conclusions
I-PRF applications revealed positive effects on epithelial wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations.

Clinical relevance
Platelet concentrates such as I-PRF accelerate wound healing and contribute to the patient’s comfort and quality of life. I-PRF application may have positive effects on wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations.
Deep Learning–based Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis on Chest X-ray in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Chih-Hung , Chang Weishan , Lee Meng-Rui , Tay Joyce , Wu Cheng-Yi , Wu Meng-Che , Roth Holger R. , Yang Dong , Zhao Can , Wang Weichung , Huang Chien-Hua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrompt and correct detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is critical in preventing its spread. We aimed to develop a deep learning–based algorithm for detecting PTB on chest X-ray (CXRs) in the emergency department. This retrospective study included 3498 CXRs acquired from the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). The images were chronologically split into a training dataset, NTUH-1519 (images acquired during the years 2015 to 2019; n = 2144), and a testing dataset, NTUH-20 (images acquired during the year 2020; n = 1354). Public databases, including the NIH ChestX-ray14 dataset (model training; 112,120 images), Montgomery County (model testing; 138 images), and Shenzhen (model testing; 662 images), were also used in model development. EfficientNetV2 was the basic architecture of the algorithm. Images from ChestX-ray14 were employed for pseudo-labelling to perform semi-supervised learning. The algorithm demonstrated excellent performance in detecting PTB (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.878, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.854–0.900) in NTUH-20. The algorithm showed significantly better performance in posterior-anterior (PA) CXR (AUC 0.940, 95% CI 0.912–0.965, p-value < 0.001) compared with anterior–posterior (AUC 0.782, 95% CI 0.644–0.897) or portable anterior–posterior (AUC 0.869, 95% CI 0.814–0.918) CXR. The algorithm accurately detected cases of bacteriologically confirmed PTB (AUC 0.854, 95% CI 0.823–0.883). Finally, the algorithm tested favourably in Montgomery County (AUC 0.838, 95% CI 0.765–0.904) and Shenzhen (AUC 0.806, 95% CI 0.771–0.839). A deep learning–based algorithm could detect PTB on CXR with excellent performance, which may help shorten the interval between detection and airborne isolation for patients with PTB.
Application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of orthopedics: a narrative review
Authors: Liu Pengran , Zhang Jiayao , Liu Songxiang , Huo Tongtong , He Jiajun , Xue Mingdi , Fang Ying , Wang Honglin , Xie Yi , Xie Mao , Zhang Dan , Ye Zhewei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) was a new interdiscipline of computer technology, mathematic, cybernetics and determinism. These years, AI had obtained a significant development by the improvement of core technology Machine Learning and Deep Learning. With the assistance of AI, profound changes had been brought into the traditional orthopedics. In this paper, we narratively reviewed the latest applications of AI in orthopedic diseases, including the severity evaluation, triage, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. The research point, relevant advantages and disadvantages of the orthopedic AI was also discussed combined with our own research experiences. We aimed to summarize the past achievements and appeal for more attentions and effective applications of AI in the field of orthopedics.
A novel approach to fuzzy N-soft sets and its application for identifying and sanctioning cyber harassment on social media platforms
Authors: Korkmaz Esra , Riaz Muhammad , Deveci Muhammet , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a novel approach to fuzzy N-soft sets for handling cases where membership degree and grade are not related. In the standard model of fuzzy N-soft sets, membership degree and grade are assumed to be directly proportional. This assumption may not hold true in real-world situations, so a more flexible and nuanced approach is necessary. The proposed approach includes two novel algorithms for decision-making problems involving fuzzy N-soft sets. As a result, it is able to be adaptable and sensitive when addressing uncertainties in real-world scenarios, with a particular focus on identifying and sanctioning cyber harassment on social media platforms. Additionally, an innovative perspective and approach to decision-making problems involving fuzzy N-soft sets is introduced by extending an established selection process that prioritizes the dominant parameter, resulting in more precise and dependable outcomes. Our study offers an effective tool for decision-making in various fields, including e-commerce, social media, and product reviews.