bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minor effects of no-till treatment on GHG emissions of boreal cultivated peat soil
Authors: Honkanen Henri , Kekkonen Hanna , Heikkinen Jaakko , Kaseva Janne , Lång Kristiina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of spring cereal monoculture under long-term conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) treatment established in 2018 were measured in a peatland in Southwestern Finland during the period 2018–2021. Nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured with chambers approximately every two weeks throughout the period under study. Net ecosystem exchange was measured during the growing seasons, and hourly ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross photosynthesis (GP) were modelled with empirical models. Across the whole period, annual emissions were 6.8 ± 1.2 and 5.7 ± 1.2 Mg CO2–C ha −1 yr−1 (net ecosystem carbon balance), 8.8 ± 2.0 and 7.1 ± 2.0 kg N2O–N ha−1 yr−1, and − 0.43 ± 0.31 and − 0.40 ± 0.31 kg CH4-C ha−1 yr−1 for CT and NT, respectively. The global warming potential was lower in NT (p = 0.045), and it ranged from 26 to 34 Mg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 in CT and from 19 to 31 Mg CO2 eq. ha−1 yr−1 in NT. The management effect on the rates of single GHGs was not consistent over the years. Higher GP was found in CT in 2019 and in NT in 2020. Differences in ER between treatments occurred mostly outside the growing season, especially after ploughing, but the annual rates did not differ statistically. NT reduced the N2O emissions by 31% compared to CT in 2020 (p = 0.044) while there were no differences between the treatments in other years. The results indicate that NT may have potential to reduce slightly CO2 and N2O emissions from cultivated peat soil, but the results originate from the first three years after a management change from CT to NT, and there is still a lack of long-term results on NT on cultivated peat soils.
Testing of tissue specimens obtained from SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab-positive donors
Authors: Greenwald Melissa A. , Namin Shabnam , Zajdowicz Jan , Jones Alyce Linthurst , Fritts Linda , Kuehnert Matthew J. , Miller Christopher J. , Ray Gregory 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRisk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through allogeneic human tissue transplantation is unknown. To further evaluate the risk of virus transmission, tissues were obtained from deceased donors who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA via nasopharyngeal swab. This study evaluated an array of human tissues recovered for transplantation, including bone, tendon, skin, fascia lata, vascular tissues, and heart valves. Tissue samples and plasma or serum samples, if available, were tested for viral RNA (vRNA) using a real time PCR system for the presence of virus RNA. All samples were tested in quadruplicate for both subgenomic (sgRNA) and genomic (gRNA) RNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid gene. Amplification of a cellular housekeeping gene served as the positive control for every sample. A total of 47 tissue samples from 17 donors were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Four donors had plasma or serum available for paired testing. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected from any tissue or plasma/serum sample tested. Based on these findings, risk of transmission through the transplantation of tissue types studied from SARS-CoV-2 infected donors is likely to be low.
A corpus of Persian literary text
Authors: Raji Shahab , Alikhani Malihe , de Melo Gerard , Stone Matthew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPersian poetry has profoundly affected all periods of Persian literature and the literature of other countries as well. It is a fundamental vehicle for expressing Persian culture and political opinion. This paper presents a corpus of Persian literary text mainly focusing on poetry, covering the ninth to twenty-first century annotated for century and style, with additional partial annotation of rhetorical figures. Our resource is the largest and the most diverse corpus available in Persian literary text, with a particularly broad temporal scope. This allows us to conduct several computational experiments to analyze poetic styles, authors and time periods, as well as context shifts over time, for which we rely both on supervised models and on Persian poetry-specific heuristics. The corpus, the tools, and experiments described in this paper can be used not only for digital humanities studies of Persian literature but also for processing Persian texts in general, as well as in other broader cross-linguistic applications.
The #metoo Movement in India: Emotions and (in)justice in feminist responses
Authors: Gangoli Geetanjali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article will enhance and complicate existing debates on the #metoo movements internationally and in India. This will be done by focusing in particular on the feminist debates and responses to LoSHA (List of Sexual Harassers in Academia) in India, an online list naming alleged sexual harassers from academia. This was first released in the public domain in October 2017 and caused much division and strife within feminist movements, including intergenerational conflict. The article will address the underexplored role of emotions in the #metoo movement in India, and attempt to theorise this more widely in the context of ‘justice work’, particularly in the context of epistemic and procedural (in)justice models. It will address how different forms of feminist resistance can be and should be conceptualised within a general context of epistemic injustice.
Soil–Water Retention Curve Prediction for Compacted London Clay Subjected to Moisture Cycles
Authors: Dias Ana Sofia , Hughes Paul N. , Toll David G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe evolution of the hydraulic properties of London Clay when compacted at a range of initial conditions (density and water content) was investigated. The soil–water retention curve (SWRC) is observed to change as the soil is subjected to cycles of wetting and drying. A new method is presented for predicting these changes in the soil–water retention curves (SWRCs) based on the starting conditions for each cycle. The method is based on relationships between the degree of saturation before drying (Sr,i), which includes the effect of void ratio and soil fabric, and key parameters that characterize the shape of SWRCs (air-entry value and slope of the transition zone). The relationship between the Sr,i and the air-entry value (or yield point, YP), and the relationship between the YP and the slope of the transition zone of the SWRC were established for the large experimental data set of two types of London clay of high and very high plasticity. The fitting parameters of a bi-linear SWRC model were estimated and used to constrain the fitting parameters of the van Genuchten model. As the SWRC of compacted clay continuously changes with progressive moisture cycles, this model allows the prediction of this evolution for the modelling of earthworks over the years, when subject to changing climatic conditions, without the need for an extensive experimental program.
Chitosan nanoparticle encapsulation increased the prophylactic efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum RM1 against AFM1-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats
Authors: Hassanen Eman I. , Ahmed Lamiaa I. , Fahim Karima M. , Shehata Mohamed G. , Badr Ahmed N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a significant contaminant of food, particularly dairy products and can resist various industrial processes. Several probiotic strains like Lactobacillus plantarum are known to reduce aflatoxin availability in synthetic media and some food products. The current work investigated the possible chitosan coating prophylactic efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum RM1 nanoemulsion (CS-RM1) against AFM1-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 7) as follows: group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received CS-RM1 (1mL contains 6.7 × 1010 CFU), group 3 received AFM1 (60 µg/kg bwt), and group 4 received both CS-RM1(1 mL contains 6.7 × 1010 CFU) and AFM1 (60 µg/kg bwt). All receiving materials were given to rats daily via oral gavage for 28 days. AFM1 caused a significant elevation in serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, uric acid, urea, and creatinine with marked alterations in protein and lipid profiles. Additionally, AFM1 caused marked pathological changes in the liver and kidneys, such as cellular necrosis, vascular congestion, and interstitial inflammation. AFM1 also increased the MDA levels and decreased several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Liver and kidney sections of the AFM1 group displayed strong caspase-3, TNF-α, and iNOS immunopositivity. Co-treatment of CS-RM1 with AFM1 significantly lowered the investigated toxicological parameter changes and markedly improved the microscopic appearance of liver and kidneys. In conclusion, AFM1 induces hepatorenal oxidative stress damage via ROS overgeneration, which induces mitochondrial caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, CS-RM1 can reduce AFM1 toxicity in both the liver and kidneys. The study recommends adding CS-RM1 to milk and milk products for AFM1-elimination.
The TrEase web service: inferring phylogenetic trees with ease
Authors: Mishra Bagdevi , Ploch Sebastian , Weiland Claus , Thines Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhylogenetic inference is done regularly in many biological studies not focussed on the phylogeny itself, but which use phylogeny as a tool to infer hypotheses for the interpretation of laboratory experiments. However, phylogenetic inference is often performed at low standards in these studies, which can result in wrong interpretations. Using high-standard phylogenetic inference tools usually requires substantial methodological knowledge or is only possible with paid tools. To enable beginners, researchers for which phylogeny is just one tool of many, and scientists in biodiversity discovery a quick and easy access to current phylogenetic methods, the TrEase web service with an intuitive interface was developed. It offers a complete pipeline with commonly used phylogeny-related software, which can run the whole process of sequence acquisition, reference sequence search, alignment and phylogenetic inference with a single execution command once the necessary parameters have been selected from drop-down menus. It allows choosing alternate programmes for each step and also offers the flexibility to use any part of the pipeline independently. Along with providing a compact pipeline, this web service provides several functionalities to avoid manual intervention such as sorting sequences into the same orientation, cutting reference sequences, removal of redundant sequences and the possibility to choose reference sequences from top ‘species’ hits instead of top GenBank entry hits. All resulting trees and intermediate files are made available for download for subsequent use. Thus, the TrEase service offers a barrier-free entry into standard phylogenetic analyses. It is available at http://thines-lab.senckenberg.de/trease.
Effective mitigation strategies for reducing workers’ exposure to formaldehyde: a systematic review
Authors: Castellani Federica , Vitali Matteo , Antonucci Arianna , Cofone Luigi , D’Ancona Gabriele , Pindinello Ivano , Buomprisco Giuseppe , Petyx Marta , Ursini Cinzia Lucia , Protano Carmela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFormaldehyde is a toxic and carcinogenic compound, still used in several occupational settings due to its properties. Thus, in these working scenarios, it is necessary to provide effective measures to reduce workers’ exposure to formaldehyde. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a picture of the worldwide mitigation strategies implemented in occupational environments for minimizing the exposure to formaldehyde and which ones are the most effective for this purpose.The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA statement; the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022302207). The search was performed on three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Studies were considered eligible if they describe strategies for mitigating formaldehyde occupational exposure and their efficacy. We included articles reporting observational studies, semi-experimental, and experimental studies and published in the English language, from the inception to March 26th, 2023. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.In total, 28 articles were included in the review. The employment scenarios/activities studied were human and veterinary anatomy, autopsy, histopathology or pathology laboratories, embalming procedures, hospital, operating theaters, aquaculture, textile or foundry industries, industry using 3-D printers, offices, and firefighters’ activities. Different methods have proven useful in mitigating formaldehyde exposure, such as the use of personal protective equipment, engineering control methods, organization methods, and technical strategies, with a reduction of airborne formaldehyde until to 99.6%. The highest reduction was obtained in an anatomy laboratory through locally exhausted dissection tables equipped with activated carbon filters.The specific suitable procedures should be standardized and applied in all work settings for an appropriate risk management, in order to protect the health of exposed workers.
Between Trust and Ambivalence: How Does Trainee Teachers’ Perception of the Relationship With Their Mentors Explain How Trainee Teachers Experience Their Work?
Authors: Maué Elisabeth , Goller Michael , Bonnes Caroline , Kärner Tobias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe study aims to identify profiles of trainee teachers in terms of their stress and work experiences and to uncover profile differences in regard to dropout intentions and perceived relationships between trainee teachers and their mentors. Based on data from 1,756 German trainee teachers, three distinct stress and work experience profiles could be identified. Trainee teachers with high levels of stress and negative work experiences exhibit higher dropout intentions and experience their relationship with their mentors as less transparent, fair and trusting, and more ambivalent compared to trainee teachers with low levels of stress and positive work experiences. The results underline the importance of the relationship between mentors and trainee teachers for the professional development of future teachers.
A Pilot Study Exploring the Feasibility and Acceptability of Digitally Mediated Team Communication in Primary Schools
Authors: Jones Lauren Stephanie , Russell Ailsa , Brosnan Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith high demand on specialist child mental health services internationally, there is significant interest in prevention and early intervention, as well as innovative and efficient approaches for increasing access to high-quality care. Digital communication technologies can improve communication between different professionals and agencies involved in young people’s lives, which is especially important in rural locations and became more necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the perceived value, feasibility, and acceptability of digitally mediated team communication for responding to emerging social, emotional, and mental health support needs in primary school settings in a rural county in the UK. A pre-/post-study design was used as a process evaluation of digitally mediated team communication and pilot test of feasibility and perceived value. Fifteen individual children (aged 4–9 years) were referred to a digitally mediated multidisciplinary team (with representation from relevant children’s services) where formulation was used to develop specialised action plans implemented by education staff and parents/carers. Findings suggest that digitally mediated team communication was highly valued for enhancing practice in supporting individual children by education staff and for making progress towards personalised goals by both education staff and parents/carers. Analysis further suggests that digitally mediated team communication was feasible and acceptable to education staff and parents/carers. A digitally mediated model for an early and multidisciplinary team response holds promise for empowering education staff as an extended mental health workforce, with a need for future research with larger samples to investigate service efficiency and outcomes of this health service delivery model.
Vacuum insulated glazing (VIG) units under wind load—part 1: global deformation and stresses on the outer glass surfaces
Authors: Ayvaz Isabell , Kocer Cenk , Schneider Jens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the first part of a study on the effect of wind loads on Vacuum Insulated Glass (VIG) units. The study provides background information on VIG and relevant Standards, explains the numerical modelling process, and discusses the implications of the results in relation to European and North American codes and Standards. The focus of the study is on vertical windows and façade installations in low-rise buildings (< 25 m) commonly found in residential buildings. The mechanical behaviour of VIG was analysed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with respect to various design parameters such as glass pane size, glass thickness, surface pressure magnitude, and edge boundary conditions. The study analysed global deformation as well as the stresses on the outer glass surfaces. The VIG features such as pillar geometry and contact dynamics, and material non-linear effects, were explicitly modelled. In addition, monolithic glass plates were also modelled, and the FEM results of the monolithic cases were in reasonable agreement with an analytical solution obtained from linear thin plate theory. These results highlight the limit of linear behaviour in monolithic plate bending. The centre-of-pane deflection of the VIG was in good agreement with the FEM and analytical solutions of the equivalent thickness monolithic pane, for sample sizes below 800 × 800 mm. However, for larger glass sizes, a deviation was found, and the VIG exhibited a higher plate stiffness than the equivalent thickness monolithic pane. The simulations also showed that the stresses in the glass panes are highly dependent on the edge of glass boundary condition. Finally, the results demonstrated that with appropriate design choices, the VIG can satisfy the Standards requirements for wind load and glass design in both Europe and North America.
Optimal time separation modeling and simulation for stable neon isotopes in a transient square cascade: a comprehensive study
Authors: Shadman Mohammad Mahdi , Ghazanfari Valiyollah , Amini Younes , Mansourzadeh Fatemeh , Khamseh A. Gh. , Khani Mohammad Hassan , Hassanvand Amin , Heydari Mehran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study simulates the separation of stable Neon isotopes in a transient square cascade using the Crank–Nicolson method and the q-iteration method. The simulations show that each isotope has an optimal value in either the product or waste streams at a specific time, which affects the cost of separation. The results demonstrate that the optimal separation time for Ne-20 increases with the feed concentration and is influenced by the unit separation factor. Depending on the feed concentration and separation parameter, Ne-21 may be enriched in either the product or waste stream. The optimal separation time for Ne-22 is the maximum operation time and is not affected by changes in feed concentration or unit separation factor. Calculating the optimal separation time is crucial for obtaining target isotopes with specific purity at a designated time, depending on their intended applications.
Porites sp. deposits pink pigmentation to limit the propagation of vermitid gastropods and rhodoliths at coral surface interfaces
Authors: Ramesh Chatragadda , Shunmugaraj Thimmu , Koushik Sadhukhan , Murthy Mallavarapu Venkata Ramana 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPink pigmentation on massive corals is quite commonly observed in the global reefs, but its function on the surface area of corals is less understood. In the present study, the coral video transect method was employed to document the incidence of pink pigmentation on Porites colonies from 21 islands under the Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GoMMBR), India. Results revealed that 19% (n = 77 out of 517) of Porites sp. colonies displayed pink pigmentation as a stress indicator in response to the colonization of epibionts. Porites colonies exhibited pink pigmentation when infected with epibionts like a vermetid snail, Ceraesignum sp. (12%; n = 49), a rhodolith, Hydrolithon sp. (5%; n = 21), or both (2%; n = 7). This study indicates that Porites pink pigment deposition aids in minimizing surface tissue area damage by preventing further progression of infesting agents such as vermitid snails and rhodoliths on the surface areas of corals.
Bespoke stability analysis tool in next-generation computational fluid dynamics solver
Authors: Vevek U S , Houtman J. , Timme S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents some of the first results of global linear stability analyses performed using a bespoke eigensolver that has recently been implemented in the next generation flow solver framework CODA. The eigensolver benefits from the automatic differentiation capability of CODA that allows computation of the exact product of the Jacobian matrix with an arbitrary complex vector. It implements the Krylov–Schur algorithm for solving the eigenvalue problem. The bespoke tool has been validated for the case of laminar flow past a circular cylinder with numerical results computed using the TAU code and those reported in the literature. It has been applied with both second-order finite volume and high-order discontinuous Galerkin schemes for the case of laminar flow past a square cylinder. It has been demonstrated that using high-order schemes on coarser grids leads to well-converged eigenmodes with a shorter computation time compared to using second-order schemes on finer grids.
The 2023 Update of the OECD Guidelines sets Stronger Standards for Companies but Weak Expectations for Governments – High and Lowlights from the New Text
Authors: Ingrams Marian G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In June 2023, the OECD published ‘targeted updates’ to the newly renamed OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct. This piece examines some of the most significant updates from the perspective of civil society. The majority of the updates strengthen the authoritative international standards on responsible business conduct; for example, by addressing new and important topics, such as climate change, and clarifying expectations on established due diligence concepts. Meanwhile, the revised implementation procedures suggest progressive measures for governments to strengthen their National Contact Points, but largely do not require specific improvements. This piece discusses the strengths and shortcomings of these changes and assesses the impact of the updates on international norms.