bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and dermoscopic assessment of ablative carbon dioxide laser versus intradermal heparin sodium in xanthelasma
Authors: Neinaa Yomna Mazid El‐Hamd , Awara Bassant Sherif El‐Sayed , Shalaby Osama El‐Said , Abd El‐Naby Naeim Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAblative carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is still a cornerstone in the management of xanthelasma. However, post‐laser complications such as post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation or scarring have to be considered. Heparin sodium was recently suggested as an effective therapeutic modality for xanthelasma.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to compare the therapeutic value of ablative CO2 laser versus intradermal heparin sodium in xanthelasma.MethodsThis study was piloted on 30 xanthelasma patients, whose lesions were randomly categorized into two groups. Group A was managed with CO2 laser ablation (2 sessions scheduled every 4 weeks), whereas Group B was managed with intradermal heparin sodium injections (10 sessions scheduled every week). Pre‐ and post‐treatments evaluations were done both clinically and dermoscopically.ResultsSignificant reduction of xanthelasma lesions was reported in response to both therapeutic interventions. However, the ablative CO2 laser was more significantly effective than intradermal heparin sodium. Interestingly, intradermal injection of heparin sodium was nearly as effective as ablative CO2 laser in early (<2 years duration) grade I and II xanthelasma, with a lower incidence of post‐therapy side effects.ConclusionsIntradermal injection of heparin sodium could be suggested as a safe and cost‐effective therapeutic technique for early mild grade I and II xanthelasma. Moreover, it could be recommended as a pre‐operative management of grade III and IV xanthelasma to reduce the lesions to be easily ablated with CO2 laser.
Overcoming unreported violence using place‐based ambulance data: The case for mapping hotspots based on health data for crime prevention initiatives
Authors: Simmonds David , Ariel Barak , Harinam Vincent 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA key concern in crime analysis is the “hidden crime” problem. Crime events unaccounted for in police records limit the external validity of official statistics and, more importantly, hinder the ability of the police to manage crime and utilize their resources effectively. The problem is exacerbated in proactive initiatives aimed at curbing violence through hotspot policing, where inaccuracies and imprecision, or, worse, no data at all, diminish prevention efforts. Previous studies have sought to overcome the data problem by juxtaposing police records with ambulance data on assault callouts and have found profound disparities. Specifically, researchers matched “crime hotspots” with “ambulance hotspots” (rather than individual events) because patient confidentiality considerations have prevented health professionals from sharing subject‐level data with the police. However, health services can safely share spatial data on wider areas that do not disclose personal information. We build on this line of inquiry by analyzing data from the Thames Valley, United Kingdom, and observing spatial hotspots of different sizes. The results demonstrate that while the police and ambulance services attend to the same communities and similar types of facilities, the police are “blinded” to the location of nearly 8 out of 10 assaults. The incongruency is shown even with severe assaults, but to a lesser extent. We then simulate the reduction in injuries if the police had access to health data at different spatial levels and show that even under the most conservative set of assumptions, such an approach can prevent between 113 and 116 violent injuries each year that might otherwise require hospitalization.
SHOT UK Collaborative Reviewing and Reforming IT Processes in Transfusion (SCRIPT) survey: Laboratory information management systems: Are we ready for digital transformation?
Authors: Davies Jennifer , Tuckley Victoria , McGrann Alistair , Rowley Megan , Clarke Heather , Baker Peter , Narayan Shruthi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the use, functionality and interoperability of laboratory information management systems (LIMS) in UK transfusion laboratories.BackgroundLIMS are widely used to support safe transfusion practice. LIMS have the potential to reduce the risk of laboratory error using algorithms, flags and alerts that support compliance with best practice guidelines and regulatory standards. Reporting to Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT), the United Kingdom (UK) haemovigilance scheme, has identified cases where the LIMS could have prevented errors but did not. Shared care of patients across different organisations and the development of pathology networks has raised challenges relating to interoperability of IT systems both within, and between, organisations.Methods and MaterialsA survey was distributed to all SHOT‐reporting organisations to understand the current state of LIMS in the UK, prevalence of expertise in transfusion IT, and barriers to progress. Survey questions covered LIMS interoperability with other IT systems used in the healthcare setting.ResultsA variety of LIMS and version numbers are in use in transfusion laboratories, LIMS are not always updated due to resource constraints. Respondents identified interoperability and improved functionality as the main requirements for transfusion safety.ConclusionA nationally agreed set of minimum standards for transfusion LIMS is required for safe practice. Adequate resources, training and expertise should be provided to support the effective use and timely updates of LIMS. A single LIMS solution should be in place for transfusion laboratories working within a network and interoperability with other systems should be explored to further improve practice.
Advancement Toward the Experimental Measurement of the Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Thermal Properties Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry Technique
Authors: Saraswat Satya Prakash , Forgione Nicola , Angiolini Massimo Emilio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method has recently emerged as a sophisticated and precise technique for promising contributions to the thermal analysis of various materials, including heavy liquid metal (HLM) coolants. However, there is a lack of experimental studies on the thermal properties of lead-based fluids, such as lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) and lead–lithium eutectic, which are potential candidates for use as coolants, breeders, and neutron multipliers in advanced nuclear systems like the fourth-generation lead-cooled fast reactor. The available experimental data on the thermal properties of LBE and other lead-based fluids is limited, and the measurements have significant uncertainty. In addition, the composition of components used in the previous studies is inconsistent, and the environmental conditions were often unknown. Therefore, to fill these gaps and advance the thermal properties measurement technique for heavy liquid metal coolants, ENEA Brasimone, in collaboration with DICI-UNIPI, has installed a DSC instrument setup. The experiments performed at the installed DSC setup are focused on measuring some essential thermal properties of LBE using DSC. The experience gained from this work will facilitate the measurement of other fluids based on lead alloy, especially lead–lithium eutectic, a potential candidate for breeder, coolant, and neutron multiplier in demonstration power plant fusion reactors. This study represents the first effort to advance the DSC approach for accurately measuring the thermal characteristics of heavy liquid metals that are highly reactive, such as lead–lithium, which has significant potential in advanced nuclear systems.
GLDAN: Global and Local Domain Adaptation Network for Cross-Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Peng Dandan , Desmet Wim , Gryllias Konstantinos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Operating under harsh conditions and exposed to fluctuating loads for extended periods, wind turbines experience a heightened vulnerability in their key components. Early fault detection is crucial to enhance the reliability of wind turbines, minimize downtime, and optimize power generation efficiency. Although deep learning techniques have been widely applied to fault diagnosis tasks, yielding remarkable performance, practical implementations frequently confront the obstacle of acquiring a substantial quantity of labeled data to train an effective deep learning model. Consequently, this paper introduces an unsupervised global and local domain adaptation network (GLDAN) for fault diagnosis across wind turbines, enabling the model to efficiently transfer acquired knowledge to the target domain in the absence of labeled data. This feature renders it an appropriate solution for situations with limited labeled data availability. Employing adversarial training, GLDAN aligns global domain distributions, diminishing the overall discrepancy between source and target domains, and local domain distributions within a single fault category for both domains, capturing more intricate and specific fault features. The proposed approach is corroborated using actual wind farm data, and comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that GLDAN surpasses deep global domain adaptation methods in cross-wind turbine fault diagnosis, underlining its practical value in the field.
Structure and NOx Emissions of Stratified Hydrogen-Air Flames Stabilized on a Coaxial Injector
Authors: Leroy Maxime , Mirat Clément , Renaud Antoine , Puggelli Stefano , Zurbach Stephan , Vicquelin Ronan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the need for low-carbon power has seen hydrogen emerge as a potential fuel to replace conventional hydrocarbons in combustion to limit CO2 emissions in several sectors, including aeronautics. The challenges posed by hydrogen combustion are similar to the issues of kerosene flames but more challenging, like nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and flame flashback. One potential solution to address these problems is to burn a rich mixture of hydrogen and air in globally lean conditions on a coaxial injector to obtain a stable and staged combustion and attempt to reduce emissions. In this article, the evolution of NOx production as more air is mixed into the fuel is studied, as well as the changes in flame size and structure. In particular, the appearance of a secondary flame front is observed and increasing the proportion of air in the fuel mixture both shortens the flame and reduces the NOx emission index. Additionally, the effect of the global equivalence ratio and flame thermal power is studied. Finally, existing models for NOx emission of hydrogen flames on a coaxial injector based on average flame residence time and strain rate are tested and shown to have promising results.
Sensitivity Analysis of Transient Forced Response of Mistuned Bladed Disks Under Complex Excitation and Varying Rotation Speed
Authors: Jing Tong , Zang Chaoping , Petrov Evgeny 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
During accelerations and decelerations of gas-turbine engines, the transient vibration effects in bladed disk vibration become significant and the transient response needs to be efficiently and accurately assessed. This paper develops an effective method for efficient calculations of the sensitivity of the transient vibration response for a mistuned-bladed disk under varying rotation speeds. The sensitivities are calculated concerning two major factors: (i) the blade mistuning and (ii) the rotor acceleration/deceleration rates. The method uses the large-scale finite element modeling of the bladed disk to accurately describe the dynamic properties of the mistuned bladed disk. The method can be applied for a case when the loading is the transient load, with the amplitude and frequency spectrum changing with rotation speed. The dependency of the modal characteristics on the rotation speed is included in the formulation of the sensitivity analysis method. Efficient reduced order models are used to reduce the computational cost, which can adapt to the effects of the varying rotation speed on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the mistuned bladed disk under transient conditions. The expressions for the sensitivities are derived analytically which provides high accuracy and speed of the calculations. The method has been implemented in a computer code and thoroughly verified using a set of test cases. The studies of transient forced response sensitivity have been performed for realistic bladed disk models.
Preliminary Wear Investigations With Pressure Actuated Leaf Seals for Superheated Steam Turbine Application
Authors: Wittenberg Andreas , Rühle Tobias , Greving Johannes , Wichern Florian , Friedrichs Jens 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pressure actuated leaf seals (PALS) are a promising technology for the modern load-follow operation of power plants and turbines. Their strength lies in their radial adaptivity, which enables a significantly smaller radial gap height than conventional labyrinth seals. In this paper, which is a continuation of ISUAAAT16-022 from 2022, the operating behavior with compressed air and shaft rotation up to 3000 rpm is investigated, including an analysis of the wear caused by frictional contact between the shaft and the seal leaves. This includes both concentric and eccentric contact behavior. The test seal with a nominal diameter of 300 mm is designed in such a way that it can be used in a similar design in subsequent industry-related superheated steam tests. In addition to the seal performance before, during, and after the wear-in process, the frictional torques, temperatures in the flow and on the shaft-contacting leaves as well as the material removal on leaves and shaft running surface are analyzed. The results show a basically robust operating behavior of the seal with moderate performance deterioration, which can be directly attributed to the increase in the clear gap. However, the shaft wear is higher than for other contact seals, so further investigations are necessary before use in practice is feasible.
Investigating the Mixture Quality in Multi-Injector Burner Systems, Part II: Model Application
Authors: Macias Fabian Marquez , Hirsch Christoph , Sattelmayer Thomas , Huth Michael , Meisl Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multi-injector burner systems offer a high spatial-temporal mixture homogeneity due to their small size and thus have a high NOx emission reduction potential at increasing flame temperatures. This potential is reduced due to the sensitivity of the mixing quality to inflow distortions caused by the flow path in the burner head. A deep understanding of the link between the inflow conditions and the mixture quality helps to optimize the flow field upstream of the injectors within the spatial and pressure loss constraints of gas turbine combustors to obtain minimal NOx emissions. This paper presents a new model approach for determining the mixture quality in multi-injector burners with output-based proper orthogonal decomposition (O-POD). The sensitivity to the inflow distortion is considered with the so-called observable vector, which describes the injector inflow conditions and is given as model input. The target quantity is the probability mass function (PMF) of the equivalence ratio at the injector outlet. This model allows a fast estimation of the mixing PMF for arbitrary inflow conditions, which is otherwise only accessible with complex time-resolved experimental or numerical approaches. The performance of the model was demonstrated with 21 reference datasets, for which a good agreement between the experimental results and the model output was obtained.
Comparison of the Flame Dynamics of a Liquid-Fueled Swirl-Stabilized Combustor for Different Degrees of Fuel-Air Premixing
Authors: Kaufmann Jan , Vogel Manuel , Sattelmayer Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the flame dynamics of lean premixed kerosene combustion for two different degrees of fuel–air premixing using a swirl stabilized burner with an axially movable twin fluid fuel injection nozzle. Thermal power, equivalence ratio, and atomizing air mass flow are varied systematically for both nozzle positions investigated. Measurements of the droplet size distribution at the nozzle exit are provided for all operation points. NOx emission measurements and OH*-chemiluminescence flame images show that stationary combustion characteristics significantly change with the nozzle position. Flame Transfer Functions (FTFs) are presented and interpreted for all operation points. The FTFs for the two configurations differ most in the low frequency range where the influence of the droplet dynamics is expected to be highest. For both configurations, a change in thermal power does not affect droplet size, flame shape, NOx emissions, and FTF. The observed trends in response to changes in equivalence ratio and atomizing air mass flow are opposite for both configurations. NOx emissions and flame shape are independent of the atomization air mass flow in the highly premixed configuration but not in the partially premixed configuration. In contrast to this, the FTF is affected by changes of the atomization air mass flow in both configurations, but again the trends are opposite. The observed trends for the highly premixed configuration are modeled and reproduced by a change in the phase relation between the equivalence ratio fluctuations and other instability driving mechanisms.
The Gold Mining Industry of Magadan Oblast under Sanctions: Risks for the Region
Authors: Galtseva N. V. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract—
The introduction of a new package of sanctions in connection with the start of a military operation in Ukraine in 2022 is particularly changing the conditions for functioning of Russia’s gold mining industry, which uses high-performance foreign equipment for mining and sells its output on the global market. The article considers the factors complicating the industry and which have triggered an increase in production costs and decrease in the sale price of gold: a ban on foreign trade operations for the largest partner banks of subsoil users, an embargo by foreign countries on the purchase of Russian gold and import of foreign equipment and spare parts, and the Russian Central Bank’s decrease in the dollar/ruble exchange rate from May 2022 to January 2023. The case of a specific enterprise in Magadan oblast was used to assess the efficiency of placer gold mining under the changed conditions as of July 2022 and the forecast for 2023. Federal and regional measures were proposed to help smooth the severity of emerging problems in the industry and consequences for the economy of this single-resource northern region.
Impact of Digital Transformation on the Spatial Organization of Nonfood Retail in a Russian City
Authors: Aksenov K. E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract—
The objective of this study is to reveal what has changed under the influence of digital transformation in the “physical” spatial structure of the retail/purchase process in connection with the emergence of a choice between online and offline “spaces,” or environments, as well as how e-commerce has changed the “physical” spatial principles of organizing nonfood retail in a Russian city with a case study of St. Petersburg. The principles of placement of new e-commerce facilities were analyzed by comparing various shopping models and spatiotemporal systems formed by them, including specific objects (warehouses-stores, warehouses-distributors, order pickup points and parcel terminals), features of interaction between retail actors and transport and logistics flows in the city. Two opposing trends in the placement of new types of retail facilities are described: towards the transfer of the trading function to non-trading premises and the transfer of the non-trading retail function to retail premises. They create spatial competition with traditional retail as well as a new hierarchical competition with office and warehouse business types. The trend towards retail infrastructure for durable goods to be within walking distance means the rollout of a new type of competition for locations: with FMCG sellers. The fact that in delivery the logistics of the “last mile” passes from consumer to seller/logistician means a fundamental shift in the economic geography of goods flows. Instead of private spontaneous pedestrian flows, it forms new regulated small-tonnage types of “last mile” commercial cargo transportation using both alternative transport modes (personal transporter) and transport routes (sidewalks, pedestrian walkways, etc.). All these require the development of a new urban regulation policy.
Endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas involving the vein of Galen: a single-center cohort and meta-analysis
Authors: Lauzier David C , Ullman Henrik , Hardi Angela , Derdeyn Colin , Cross Dewitte T , Moran Christopher J 
Published: September 2023

Background
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) draining into the vein of Galen (VoG) are complex lesions that often necessitate treatment to minimize the risk of rupture and relieve symptoms. These lesions can be treated with open surgical resection, radiosurgery, or endovascular embolization. Unfortunately, endovascular treatment of dAVFs involving the VoG has not been robustly assessed across large patient cohorts. To meet this need, we performed a retrospective review of dAVFs involving the VoG at our center, and included these in a meta-analysis to identify the safety and efficacy of endovascular embolization, as well as describing current treatment trends for this disease.

Methods
Consecutive patients with dAVFs involving the VoG treated at a single center were identified from a prospective database and retrospectively reviewed. A literature search was conducted with defined search criteria, and eligible studies were included alongside our cohort in a meta-analysis. Rates of complete dAVF treatment and clinical complications were pooled across studies with a random effects model and reported with a 95% CI.

Results
Five dAVFs involving the VoG were treated endovascularly at our center during the study period. In this series, 80% of treatments led to complete occlusion of the fistula while no patients had clinical complications. Onyx was used for all treatments. In our meta-analysis, the overall rate of complete occlusion was 72.0% (95% CI 59.8% to 84.1%) and the overall rate of clinical complications was 10.0% (95% CI 4.7% to 15.3%).

Conclusions
Endovascular approaches for dAVFs involving the VoG are technically feasible, but carry a risk of clinical complications. Future work should identify optimal endovascular embolic agents.