bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sore throat following routine tracheal intubation with a single-use plastic laryngoscope blade versus a reusable metal laryngoscope blade: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind controlled study
Authors: LASSOUANI Sabrina , FRATTINI Nadia , SAADE Mirna , BENZERTI Lamine , LOCHER Christophe , VICAUT Eric , DAHMANI Souhayl , NDOKO Serge Korandel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Reusable metal blade induces throat pain after tracheal intubation in 30% of patients. After the implementation of the Heineâ single-use plastic blade in our theater, throat pain increased in a magnitude of 10%. However, throat pain induced by plastic blades has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of throat pain induced by this plastic blade in comparison to the Heineâ reusable metal blade after tracheal intubation.
Methods
This trial was multicenter, prospective, randomized, and single-blind controlled.
We included 693 adult patients scheduled for surgery with tracheal intubation. They did not have any predictive criteria for difficult tracheal intubation. A 60-second step-limit tracheal intubation algorithm was used when performing tracheal intubation using a plastic or reusable blade. The primary endpoint was the frequency of throat pain, without swallowing, 24 hours after tracheal intubation. The first secondary endpoint was the incidence of unexpectedly difficult tracheal intubation (Intubation Difficulty Score ³ 1).
Results
At 24 hours, the throat pain incidence was not significantly higher in the plastic group: 81 (23.1%) vs. 61 (17.8%); difference, 5.3%; 95% Confidence Interval, [– 0.8 - 11.2]; P = 0.087; The unexpectedly difficult tracheal intubation incidence was significantly higher in the plastic group: 194 (55.3%) vs. 146 (42.7%); difference, 12.6%; 95% Confidence Interval, [12.3 - 12.8]; P = 0.0009.
Conclusions
The plastic blade used in this study exhibited subpar performance in tracheal intubation compared to the reusable metal blade. The protective tracheal intubation algorithm used may explain the low incidence of throat pain in the two groups and the absence of a significant difference. Further studies with other plastic blades are necessary to confirm that their implementation in the operating rooms, especially in the context of video-assisted laryngoscopes and ecological plastic recycling, is not solely dependent on their performance.
T-cell commitment inheritance – an agent-based multi-scale model
Authors: Olariu Victor , Andersson Emil , Rothenberg Ellen , Peterson Carsten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
T-cell development provides an excellent model system for studying lineage commitment from a multipotent progenitor. The intrathymic development process has been thoroughly studied. The molecular circuitry controlling it has been dissected and steps like programmed shut-off for progenitor genes and T-cell genes upregulation have been revealed. However, the exact timing between the decision-making and commitment stage remains unexplored. To this end, we implemented an agent-based multi-scale model to investigate inheritance in early T-cell development. Treating each cell as an agent provides a powerful tool as it tracks each individual cell of a simulated T-cell colony, enabling the construction of lineage trees. Based on these lineage trees, we introduce the concept of the last common ancestors (LCA) of committed cells and analyse their relations, both at single-cell level and population level. Our simulations showed that the commitment is a three-step process over several cell generations where a cell is first prepared by a transcriptional switch. This is followed by the loss of the Bcl11b-opposing function two to three generations later which is when the decision to commit is taken. Finally, after another one to two generations, the cell becomes committed. Our results showed that there is inheritance in the commitment mechanism.
The Professional Perception of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICCMS): A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sá Gabriela , Braga Mariana , Júnior Jair Moreira , Ekstrand Kim , Ribeiro Matheus , Bönecker Marcelo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) was developed to standardize caries diagnosis, risk assessment and treatment decisions based on overall evidence. To evaluate its criteria in practice, a clinical trial assessed the professionals' perceptions of two caries management systems.
Methods
A perception questionnaire was administered to two groups: one using ICCMS criteria and other using non-ICCMS criteria. An online questionnaire, constructed by using the Google Forms platform, included quantitative scale questions to measure effort and satisfaction and two open-ended questions to collect the positive and negative perceptions of dentists by using either criteria system. The questionnaires were administered six months after the study's implementation.
Results
Both groups showed high levels of effort and satisfaction. Professionals using ICCMS reported more positive perceptions by citing improved diagnosis (71.4%) and standardized patient care (43%). However, they also noted negative aspects such as increased number of questionnaires and records (58%), longer clinical sessions (43%), and higher rates of patient absenteeism (29%).
Conclusion
Professionals who used the ICCMS had a positive outlook on the system, with benefits seen in diagnosis and patient monitoring. However, there is room for improvement in terms of automation and simplification to enhance the professional use of the system in the clinical setting.
Social Networks, Cultural Pride, and Historical Loss Among Non-Reservation American Indian / Alaska Native Emerging Adults
Authors: Kennedy David P. , Brown Ryan A. , D’Amico Elizabeth J. , Dickerson Daniel L. , Johnson Carrie L. , Malika Nipher , Rodriguez Anthony , Arvizu-Sanchez Virginia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Health disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations in the United States are the result of historical traumas, such as colonization, forced relocation, and federal policies focused on cultural assimilation. Culturally-tailored health interventions aim to address intergenerational trauma by emphasizing cultural strengths and building positive social connections. In this article, we explore the social network characteristics of participants of the first culturally-tailored health intervention for AI/AN emerging adults (18-25) living outside of tribal lands. Participants (N = 150; 86% female) were recruited across the United States via social media and completed online egocentric network interviews prior to the start of intervention workshops. Participants’ networks were diverse in composition and structure. They were primarily composed of family and friends, were people they had regular contact with, were similar age, and provided participants with support. We tested for significant associations between network characteristics, individual characteristics (age, gender, travel to reservations, speaking tribal languages, etc.) and two dependent measures: 1) cultural pride and belongingness and 2) thoughts of historical loss. Multiple regression results show that higher proportions of network members who discussed AI/AN identity with participants and having more network members who engage in traditional practices was associated with stronger cultural pride and belongingness. Higher proportions of network members having discussion of AI/AN identity with participants was also associated with more frequent thoughts of historical loss. Controlling for network factors, no individual characteristics were associated with either dependent variable. We discuss implications for the development of culturally-tailored health interventions.
Mapping of Carbon Dioxide Emissions at Provincial Scale: A Case Study of Guizhou Province in Western China
Authors: Zeng Canying , Wu Shaohua , Cheng Min , Zhou Hua , Li Fanglin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Accurate spatial distribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is essential information needed to peaking emissions and achieving carbon neutral in China. The aim of this study was to map CO2 emissions with high spatial resolution at provincial scale and then explore the scale effect on mapping results. As an example, the spatiotemporal pattern and factors influencing CO2 emissions were examined in Guizhou Province in Western China. With the proposed method, a reasonable spatial distribution of CO2 emissions with high spatial resolution was obtained, which had accurate information on spatial details. The optimal resolution of CO2 emissions at the provincial scale under high spatial resolution was approximately 90 m and 1,260 m. Emissions of CO2 were spatially heterogeneous in Guizhou, with high emissions in centers of big cities that gradually spread and decreased from city centers. From 2009 to 2019, the spatial distribution of CO2 emissions developed from agglomeration to dispersion. Areas of high carbon emissions decreased, those of medium carbon emissions increased, and many areas changed from no emissions to carbon emissions. Industrial land had the highest emissions, followed by commercial and transportation lands. Emissions from rural residential land in Guizhou were much higher than those from urban residential land. Over 10 years, changes occurred in the relation between interregional economic level of Guizhou and CO2 emissions, with the relation changing from linear into an inverted U-shaped relation. The effect of industrial structure on CO2 emissions decreased, and the linear increase between CO2 emissions and the urban scale became more evident. The results of this study will contribute to accurate monitoring and management of carbon emissions in Guizhou, as well as provide support to formulate policies related to controls on carbon emissions in different regions.
Using short hold times to mitigate LME cracking in electrode indent of resistant spot welded third generation advanced high strength steel
Authors: Sherepenko Oleksii , Barber Brendan , Neeb Mikayla , Pearson Kate , Shojaee Mohammad , Kim JiUng , Patel Meet , DiGiovanni Christopher , Midawi Abdelbaset R.H. , Ghassemi-Armaki Hassan , Biro Elliot 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Third generation Advanced High Strength Steels (3gAHSS) crucial for the future of automotive design. When Zn-coated for corrosion protection and subjected to resistance spot welding. they can be prone to liquid metal embrittlement cracking (LME) The influence of hold time variation on LME in the electrode indent above the expulsion limit was investigated in this study. Welds were conducted with hold times of 100 ms, 167 ms, 400 ms, and 1000 ms. LME severity was measured using cracking index, revealing that LME severity peaked at a hold time of 167 ms and reduced with both longer hold times, corresponding the observations in the literature, but also decreased for shorter hold time, contradicting the literature. Finite Element (FE) simulations were performed to understand this behavior, highlighting that the timing of electrode retraction significantly affects the cooling and reheating of the weld, altering the thermal stresses that cause LME. A short hold time (100 ms) prompts radial heat dissipation into the bulk, minimizing surface thermal gradients in radial direction and thus leading to reduced LME. Conversely, at 167 ms (standard AWS hold time), heat extraction by the electrodes towards the sheet surface creates steep radial temperature gradient at the electrode-sheet interface, increasing thermal stress at the surface and promoting LME. At longer hold times (400 and 1000 ms), the prolonged electrode contact cooled and supported the sheet surface longer, resulting in lower temperatures and stress levels at electrode release, leading to less severe LME compared to moderate hold times.
The impact of psychosocial factors on depression among individuals Quarantined during COVID-19: Analysis of the 2020 korean community health survey
Authors: Han Won-Gu , Bae Sung-Man 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The experience of quarantine due to COVID-19 has significantly affected people's mental health. This study aims to explore the relationship between psychosocial factors associated with COVID-19 and depression among adults who have experienced quarantine.
Methods
This study used the data from the 2020 Community Health Survey, and examined 780 individuals who experienced quarantine owing to COVID-19. This study investigated the impact of subjective health status, life changes owing to COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, institutional trust, and interpersonal trust on the depressive symptoms.
Results
According to multilevel regression analysis, age, subjective health status, life changes owing to COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, and interpersonal trust are significant predictors of depressive symptoms among isolated individuals.
Conclusions
The findings provide insights on various psychosocial variables significantly affecting depression among individuals who were quarantined owing to COVID-19. The results of this study contribute to establishing an effective support system for managing and preventing depression among isolated individuals in similar infectious disease outbreak situations in the future.
Blockchain-based PDF File Copyright Protection and Tracing
Authors: Gao Guangyong , Wan Xinyu , Guo Chongtao , Wu Bin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

As network technology advances at a rapid pace, an increasing number of individuals are utilizing the Internet to transmit and receive information. However, copying, altering, and other malicious acts constantly threaten the copyright ownership of electronic documents in this open environment of the Internet. Numerous copyright theft, illegal transmission, information forgery, and other problems are emerging. Moreover, because of the absence of copyright protection methods, PDF file owners often need help to secure the subsequent legal use of their PDF files after uploading them to the Internet. Combining blockchain and data hiding of PDF files for the first time, we propose a blockchain-based copyright protection scheme for PDF files to uniformly handle the problems of copyright authentication, authenticity identification, and copyright disputes of PDF files. First, we propose a new information hiding algorithm based on the incremental update characteristics of PDF, which embeds copyright information in PDF files. Second, the scheme enables users to establish their access control policies via smart contracts and delivers on-chain PDF file proofs, which can be employed to validate the ownership rights of PDF files and track the transaction history of PDF files. We have implemented the system on the Ethereum platform and analyzed its security and traceability. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed information hiding algorithm possesses robust security and that the copyright registration method is rapid
Astragalus polysaccharides induce polarization of chicken macrophages HD11 by PI3k/AKT and MyD88/ERK pathways
Authors: Zhang Jingyan , liu qin , chen fubin , Feng Haipeng , Guo Zhiting , Wang Lei , Egide H. , Han Songwei , Xu Guowei , Wang Xuezhi , Li Jianxi X , Savelkoul Huub 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was found that APS is a superior regulator of mammalian macrophages. However, the immunomodulatory effects of APS on chicken macrophages remain largely unknown.This study evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of APS on HD11 macrophagesand to determine the underlyingmechanism. The mRNA levels of M1/M2 polarizing molecules, cytokines, TLRs and NF-κB p65 in HD11 macrophages were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. Western-blotting was used to determine the effects of APS on MyD88, PI3K, ERK, P-ERKand AKT protein expression. Remarkably, APS promoted the gene expression of M1-type polarizing molecules and inhibited the gene expression of CD206. APS significantly promoted the gene expression of IL-8 and IL-10, without affecting TNF-a. APS showed a significant inhibitory effect on TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression. Moreover, 50 µg/mL APS significantly induced the protein levels of MyD88, ERK, and inhibited the protein level of p-ERK. In addition, 200 µg/mL APS could significantly enhance the protein levels of PI3K, ERK, AKT and the mRNA level of NF-κB p65. These results suggested that APS acts as an immunomodulator which shows differential dose-dependent effects on chicken macrophages. With increased APS dose, the main signaling pathway involved in its immunoregulatory effects alters from the TLR2-MyD88-ERK to the TLR2/4-PI3K-AKT pathway.
Ocean-sourced snow: An unaccounted process on Arctic sea ice
Authors: Macfarlane Amy , Mellat Moein , Dadic Ruzica , Meyer Hanno , Werner Martin , Brunello Camilla , Arndt Stefanie , Krampe Daniela , Schneebeli Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The water isotope composition of the winter snow cover on Arctic sea ice is strongly enriched in heavy isotopes near the snow-sea ice interface, incompatible with typical enrichment values through snow metamorphism processes alone. Our stratigraphic investigations from the MOSAiC expedition, using computed tomography combined with isotopic analyses of the snow, highlight that approximately 20% of the snowpack is not of meteoric origin but created from the sea ice. Here, we show that sea ice sublimation under the high-temperature gradients during the Arctic winter produces a snow-like structure and significantly contributes to the total snow water equivalent on Arctic sea ice. This, until now, unaccounted oceanographic source of “snow” furthers our understanding of i) vapor fluxes and gas exchange through the snowpack with biogeochemistry applications, ii) the formation of saline Arctic snow, and contribution to sea salt aerosols, iii) uncertainties in mass balance and physical properties of snow, and iv) additional uncertainties in precipitation estimates when compared to in situ measurements. Ultimately, regional differences in precipitation will result in varying local temperature gradients and therefore different contributions of ocean-sourced snow, and understanding this is essential for improving the accuracy of modeled sea ice predictions.
On-demand Ride Platform with Customer Quality Preference
Authors: Ma Lina , Tao Zhijie , Wei Qiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

With the development of on-demand ride service platforms, consumers' expectation of drivers' service quality is becoming higher. However, few research of on-demand ride service platforms takes customer's quality preference into consideration. In this paper, we consider a on-demand ride service platform that customers are sensitive to the waiting time and the quality of service. To meet the customer's quality expectation, the platform can screen the drivers by imposing a minimum service quality level. We consider both scenarios that the customers' sensitivity to service quality are homogeneous or heterogeneous. Under both scenarios, we characterize the firm's optimal pricing/waging and quality screening decision. We also found that the customer's heterogeneity in service sensitivity may either better off or worse off the platform.
WITHDRAWN: Theoretical analysis model and optimization scheme of shape-effect damage in cut blasting
Authors: qin huifeng , Zhao Yan , wang hailong , ge lijie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To explore the rock-breaking mechanism of cut blasting under the influence of empty holes, based on the principles of the empty hole effect, stress concentration effect and expansion space theory, the stress distributions of empty hole walls are calculated, and a two-dimensional damage analysis model of shape-effect segmented blasting is established. On this basis, the theoretical analysis model of square hole cutting is given as an optimization scheme, and the model is demonstrated by numerical simulation. The results show that the optimized load function γq2sinθ with time is consistent with the actual stress of the hole wall, and the change trend of the theoretical calculation is consistent with the simulation results. The change in the shape of empty holes in a rock mass will affect the stress distribution of the surrounding rock mass. The stress waves with square holes cause tensile–shear failure in a wide range of rock around the hole wall, while the rock near the circular hole wall produces ring-shaped failure. The reflected tensile stress waves are influenced by the impedance of the circular hole. In the optimized scheme, the cracks around the holes are uniformly connected, the rock mass collapses inward under the influence of the holes and the two-stage stress waves, and the utilization rate of the hole space reaches 56.091%.
The beneficial effect of silicon to reduce the nitrate content of sorghum
Authors: Rivai Reza Ramdan , Kobayashi Masaru 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the major fodder crops. Supplying sorghum with a sufficient amount of nitrogen (N) is essential to achieve a good yield and quality of forage. However, N excess may cause an accumulation of nitrate in the plant, which can be toxic to ruminant livestock animals. Silicon (Si) application reportedly enhances the utilization of N and reduces the nitrate content in several plant species. However, our knowledge is still limited regarding the interaction between Si and N in sorghum. Hence, this study investigated the possibility of nitrate content reduction by Si application in sorghum.
Methods: We analyzed the nitrate content in the shoot of hydroponically grown seedlings, with or without Si application. It was then further evaluated in mature plants under high N supply with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg SiO2 L–1. We also considered possible mechanisms of the Si-N interaction.
Results: The application of Si reduced nitrate content without significantly affecting the growth and dry matter production. The effect of Si application on the N metabolism of sorghum plants was confirmed by a modulated expression of the genes for N transport and assimilation, in which an upregulation of the cytokinin signal transduction pathway might be involved. In addition, the in vitro digestibility was not significantly affected by Si application.
Conclusion: Silicon application has a beneficial effect on fodder sorghum production in reducing nitrate content without compromising the biomass yield and quality.