bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in children with myelodysplasia treated by clean intermittent catheterization
Authors: SEKI NARIHITO , MASUDA KATSUAKI , KINUKAWA NAOKO , SENOH KOUHEI , NAITO SEIJI 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective: To identify the factors involved in the incidence of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) in a retrospective study of children with myelodysplasia who were treated by clean intermittent catheterization.Methods: A total of 76 myelodysplastic children were included in the present study. Any factors, including urodynamic parameters and urinary tract abnormalities, that may have been associated with the incidence of febrile UTI were evaluated using both a univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Of the 76 patients, 19 (25%) had one or more episodes of febrile UTI. A univariate analysis showed low bladder compliance (<10 mL/cmH2O), detrusor overactivity, bladder trabeculation and the presence of vesico‐ureteral reflux (VUR) to be significant factors in the incidence of febrile UTI. The presence of detrusor overactivity and a low bladder compliance, in addition to the presence of VUR, were found to be significant factors for the incidence of febrile UTI using a multivariate analysis.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that, in addition to VUR, urodynamics linked to bladder storage function disorder appear to be directly correlated with the cause of febrile UTI in children with myelodysplasia.
Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for a renal tumor with tumor‐feeding artery ligation: Left renal cell carcinoma in the posterior mid zone
Authors: SHICHIRI YASUMASA , TAKAO NORIYASU , OIDA TOMOYUKI , KANAMARU HIROSHI , SHIMIZU YOSUKE 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe most serious problem regarding a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is how to perform bloodless excision without causing renal ischemia in a limited working space. We report the case of a 65‐year‐old man with left small renal cell carcinoma in the posterior mid zone who underwent a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy through a retroperitoneal approach by carrying out the ligation of the tumor‐feeding artery, but without clamping the renal pedicle. Both preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative ultrasonography revealed the tumor to be fully encapsulated. The tumor‐feeding artery could be exposed by dissection from the renal hilum and, after an arterial ligation, tumor resection with a safety margin was smoothly performed with minimal bleeding. Postoperatively, CT revealed a limited defect of the renal parenchyma and excretory pyelography showed no urine leakage or urinary tract obstruction. The preoperative and postoperative creatinine levels were 0.66 and 0.69 mg/dL, respectively. As a result, a tumor‐feeding artery ligation with a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for left renal cell carcinoma in the posterior mid zone is considered to be an effective surgical modality which avoids renal ischemia and pelvic heat injury.
Distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of clonality and polyploidy in weevils
Authors: Stenberg P. , Lundmark M. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract 1 Genetical mtDNA relationships of 41 taxa of weevils were examined using cladistics. Ingroup taxa belong toOtiorhynchus scaberandO. nodosusand outgroup comparison was made withO. singularis. All three species are minor forest pests.2 Otiorhynchus scaberspecimens are either diploid sexuals or diploid, triploid and tetraploid clones, from two different populations (Slovenia and Austria) that belong to two different evolutionary lineages.Otiorhynchus nodosusspecimens are tetraploid clones. Both species show geographical parthenogenesis, as do many otherOtiorhynchusspecies.3 Mitochondrial data indicate thatO. nodosusclones are more closely related to Slovenian sexuals ofO. scaberthan these are to sexuals from Austria. It also shows that almost all clones ofO. scabercollected in one of the two regions where sexuals are found are more closely related to sexuals from the other region.4 Three different hypotheses that may explain the distribution ofO. scaber, mechanisms important for the evolution of the clones and implications of the presence ofWolbachiaare discussed.5 We conclude that parthenogenesis is likely to be linked to hybridization inO. scaberand that hybridization events between ancestors ofO. nodosusandO. scaberare the probable cause of the presence ofO. nodosusin the ingroup. We also find that polyploid clones are superior colonizers compared to sexuals and diploid clones, inO. scaber.6 The results suggest that systems where both sexuals and clones exist are more complex than previously suggested. The mapping of genetic variation in clonal complexes and the tracing of clonal origins may be useful in pest management.
Effects of trimethoprim–sulfadiazine on tear production and the fluctuations of Schirmer tear test values in horses
Authors: Rothschild Chantal M. , Sellon Debra C. , Bryan Gary M. , Gay John M. , Hines Melissa T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to observe the effects of trimethoprim–sulfadiazine on equine tear production and to determine normal fluctuations in Schirmer tear test (STT) values in horses. A randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded clinical trial measuring STT values in 15 horses over an 8‐week period was performed. The treatment group (eight horses) received 30 mg/kg trimethoprim–sulfadiazine orally once a day and the control group (seven horses) received placebo (flour) at the same time. All horses were housed outdoors throughout the study. Schirmer tear test values were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, and 4 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. There were no significant differences in tear production between the treated and control groups. Fluctuations in STT were observed and may result from individual and environmental variations. Trimethoprim–sulfadiazine did not decrease tear production in the horses in this study. Horses normally experience periodic fluctuations in STT values.
Three cases of prolapse of the nictitans gland in cats
Authors: Chahory Sabine , Crasta Manuela , Trio Stefania , Clerc Bernard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report three cases of adult cats showing a prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid. Three different breeds were affected: Burmese, Persian and Domestic Short‐haired. In all cases, the disorder occurred spontaneously, without any other ocular sign. Surgical replacement of the gland was performed using the Morgan pocket technique. Good esthetic results were obtained, and no recurrence occurred.
Profiles of matrix metalloproteinase activity in equine tear fluid during corneal healing in 10 horses with ulcerative keratitis
Authors: Ollivier F. J. , Brooks D. E. , Van Setten G. B. , Schultz G. S. , Gelatt K. N. , Stevens G. R. , Blalock T. D. , Andrew S. E. , Komaromy A. M. , Lassaline M. E. , Kallberg M. E. , Cutler T. J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective  Levels of tear film matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity are significantly elevated in horses with ulcerative keratitis and contribute to the excessive breakdown of stromal collagen. Changes in the amount of proteolytic activity in horse tear film during corneal healing and stromal remodeling have not yet been reported, but we hypothesize they should decrease. In the present study we analyzed serial tear fluid from horses with ulcerative keratitis to identify any changes in MMP activity during corneal healing and stromal remodeling.Procedures  Samples of tear fluid were obtained from both eyes of 10 horses with ulcerative keratitis on the day of admission (day 1) at the hospital and then at various time points until complete healing of the cornea. Tear film MMP2 and MMP9 activity was determined by quantitative gelatin zymography. In all cases medical treatment included topical applications of equine serum, antibiotics, atropine and systemic administration of anti‐inflammatory drugs. Surgical procedures were performed in several cases on day 2 in addition to the medical treatment.Results  The mean total MMP activity (± SD) measured in relative standard units (RSU) in the tear fluid of the ulcerated eye (2.44 ± 1.44) of the 10 horses was significantly higher than the mean in the contralateral eye (0.81 ± 0.68) (P = 0.006), on the day of admission at the VMTH. The mean MMP activity in these ulcerated eyes significantly decreased (−82.4%) between the first day of admission and the day when the ulcer had completely healed (P = 0.0002). The activity level in the healed eye (0.43 ± 0.17) was not significantly different to the one in the contralateral eye (0.36 ± 0.18) on the day of complete corneal healing (P = 0.374). The level of MMP activity in the contralateral eye also decreased from 0.81 ± 0.68–0.36 ± 0.18 but this decrease (56%) was not significant (P = 0.069).Conclusions  Ulcerative keratitis in horses is associated with initially high levels of tear film proteolytic activity that decrease as the ulcers heal. The success of medical and surgical treatment of the corneal ulcers is reflected by the enzyme activity in tears. In horses successful treatment does lead to a rapid reduction in tear film proteolytic activity that corresponded with the improvement in the clinical signs of corneal ulceration. Measurement of MMP activity in the tear film might represent a way to monitor the progression of corneal healing in horses with ulcerative keratitis.
Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma with brain and kidney involvement in a dog
Authors: Aleksandersen Mona , Bjerkås Ellen , Heiene Reidun , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnimal studied  A tumor of the left eye with involvement of the brain and kidney was diagnosed in a 4‐year‐old Neapolitan mastiff.Procedure  The dog presented with acute glaucoma of the left eye. Peripheral corneal vascularization and severe corneal edema obscured examination of deeper structures. Because of concurrent progressive neurologic signs the dog was euthanized and a postmortem examination was performed. The eyes, brain and samples from the lung, heart, liver and kidneys were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were examined by light microscopy including histochemical and immunohistochemical staining.Results  The ocular tumor originated from the ciliary body and was composed of small islets and cords of poorly differentiated, oval to polyhedral cells surrounded by abundant ground substance. Areas with chondroid differentiation were observed. Rosettes were not found. Metastases with the same morphology were present in the brain and in one kidney.Conclusion  An intraocular malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma with metastases to the brain and kidney is presented.
Extracutaneous infantile haemangioma is also Glut1 positive
Authors: Drut R M , Drut R 
Published: October 2004

Aim:To investigate whether extracutaneous infantile haemangioma-like tumours are immunohistochemically similar to cutaneous infantile haemangiomas.Methods:Mammary, salivary gland, liver (one each), and placental (two cases) capillary haemangiomas and typical examples of cutaneous (eight cases) infantile haemangioma were investigated immunohistochemically for α smooth muscle actin and Glut1, a proposed marker for the skin localised lesion. Positive internal controls included red blood cells, perineurium, trophoblast, and endothelial cells of the placental capillaries. Extralesional vessel endothelium acted as a negative control (except in the placenta). The liver haemangioma and both chorioangiomas presented in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.Results:The endothelial cells of all the vascular lesions were Glut1 positive. These were consistently surrounded by a rim of α smooth muscle actin positive pericytic cells. Controls reacted appropriately.Conclusions:All infantile haemangiomas were immunohistochemically positive for Glut1: expression of this molecule was not limited to infantile haemangiomas of the skin. These tumours comprise proliferations of both endothelial and pericytic cells. The association with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome may provide a clue to the molecular genetics of infantile haemangioma.
Use of tissue microarray for interlaboratory validation of HER2 immunocytochemical and FISH testing
Authors: Kay E , O’Grady A , Morgan J M , Wozniak S , Jasani B 
Published: October 2004

Aims:To evaluate the use of tissue microarray (TMA) technology as a validation tool for HER2 testing by both immunocytochemistry (ICC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in the diagnostic setting.Methods:TMA constructs from 57 cases of breast cancer were evaluated for HER2 (by ICC and FISH) by two centres. The results were compared.Results:There was a high level of concordance for both ICC and FISH. In five “discrepant” cases only three would have had a potential impact on patient management.Conclusions:Validation of HER2 analysis in the clinical setting by ICC and FISH is essential. The use of TMAs provides for an economy of scale and would be practical in the setting of interlaboratory and intralaboratory validation. It is suggested that routine HER2 ICC and FISH should continue to be performed in laboratories on whole sections. Following this, TMAs would be constructed for all cases of breast cancer. ICC and FISH would be performed on these to validate the results. The TMAs would be available for circulation to other centres for validation purposes. The standardisation of testing between centres, the potential difficulty of minimum case numbers, and the workload issues surrounding validation would all be facilitated by this approach.
Karyometry detects subvisual differences in chromatin organisation state between non-recurrent and recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential
Authors: Scarpelli M , Montironi R , Tarquini L M , Hamilton P W , López Beltran A , Ranger-Moore J , Bartels P H 
Published: October 2004

Aim:To analyse nuclear chromatin texture in non-recurrent and recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMPs).Materials:Ninety three karyometric features were analysed on haematoxylin and eosin stained sections from 20 PUNLMP cases: 10 from patients with a solitary PUNLMP lesion, who were disease free during at least eight years’ follow up, and 10 from patients with unifocal PUNLMP, one or more recurrences being seen during follow up.Results:Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used to search for features showing significant differences between recurrent and non-recurrent cases. Significance was better than p<0.005 for more than 20 features. Based on significance, six texture features were selected for discriminant analysis. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis reduced Wilk’s λ to 0.87, indicating a highly significant difference between the two multivariate data sets, but only modest ability to discriminate (70% correct case classification). A box sequential classifier was used based on data derived from discriminant analysis. The classifier took three classification steps and classified 19 of the 20 cases correctly (95% correct case classification). To determine whether significant case grouping could also be obtained based on an objective criterion, the merged data sets of non-recurrent and recurrent cases were submitted to the unsupervised learning algorithm P-index. Two clusters were formed with significant differences. The subsequent application of a Cooley/Lohnes classifier resulted in an overall correct case classification rate of 85%.Conclusions:Karyometry and multivariate analyses detect subvisual differences in chromatin organisation state between non-recurrent and recurrent PUNLMPs, thus allowing identification of lesions that do or do not recur.
The metabolic marker tumour pyruvate kinase type M2 (tumour M2-PK) shows increased expression along the metaplasia–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma sequence in Barrett’s oesophagus
Authors: Koss K , Harrison R F , Gregory J , Darnton S J , Anderson M R , Jankowski J A Z 
Published: October 2004

Background:Proliferating and tumour cells express the glycolytic isoenzyme, pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2-PK). In tumours cells, M2-PK usually exists in dimeric form (tumour M2-PK), causing the accumulation of glycolytic phosphometabolites, which allows cells to invade areas with low oxygen and glucose concentrations.Aims:To investigate the expression of tumour M2-PK during the metaplasia–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma sequence of Barrett’s oesophagus, and to assess the prognostic usefulness of tumour M2-PK in oesophageal cancer.Materials/Methods:One hundred and ninety cases selected from the histopathology archives as follows: 17 reflux oesophagitis, 37 Barrett’s oesophagus, 21 high grade dysplasia, 112 adenocarcinomas, and three control tumours. Sections were stained immunohistochemically with antibody to tumour M2-PK.Results:Tumour M2-PK was expressed in all cases, and increased cytoplasmic expression was seen with progression along the metaplasia–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma sequence. All cases of adenocarcinoma showed 100% staining so that tumour M2-PK was not a useful prognostic marker.Conclusions:Tumour M2-PK is not a specific marker of Barrett’s adenocarcinoma, but may be important as a marker of transformed and highly proliferating clones during progression along the metaplasia–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma sequence.
Miniature tissue microarrays for HercepTest® standardisation and analysis
Authors: Gulmann C , Loring P , O’Grady A , Kay E 
Published: October 2004

Aims:To assess the practicality of using a miniature tissue microarray (TMA) with several examples of each HercepTest® score from 0 to 3+ as a control for routine HercepTest immunohistochemistry.Methods:A TMA was constructed from in house cases of breast cancer where HercepTest on the whole sections showed scores 0, 1+, 2+, or 3+. The TMA, which measured 5 × 5 mm, was designed with four rows (each representing scores 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+), with five 0.6 mm cores from separate cases. In all, 20 individual cases were represented and the TMA took less than one hour to construct. Fifty sequential 4 µm sections were cut from the TMA to maximise the number of available sections. They were stored at 4°C for 1–270 days and when a case needed HercepTest staining the section was added to the TMA tissue control slide.Results:All slides contained tissue spots and immunohistochemical staining was consistent throughout the time period.Conclusions:The miniature TMA with examples of all HercepTest scores described here is an ideal tissue control and can be used as a visual reference for scoring a case. Slides stored at 4°C could be used for up to 270 days.
Relative antithrombotic effect of soluble GPVI dimer compared with anti-GPVI antibodies in mice
Authors: Grüner Sabine , Prostredna Miroslava , Koch Martina , Miura Yoshiki , Schulte Valerie , Jung Stephanie M. , Moroi Masaaki , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGlycoprotein VI (GPVI) is an essential platelet collagen receptor; therefore, the inhibition of GPVI-collagen interactions may be an attractive antithrombotic strategy. We have previously shown that targeting of GPVI with antibodies leads to the depletion of the receptor and to long-term antithrombotic protection in mice. An alternative agent to interfere with GPVI-collagen interactions might be soluble GPVI acting as a competitive inhibitor, thereby averting undesired effects on platelets. To test this, we expressed soluble dimeric human GPVI, comprising the extracellular domain of the receptor fused to the human immunoglobulin Fc domain (GPVI-Fc), and compared its antithrombotic potential with that of anti-GPVI antibodies in mice. In contrast to a recent report, we found by intravital fluorescence microscopy and ultrasonic flow measurements that GPVI-Fc had no effect on platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at the injured arterial wall, whereas anti-GPVI antibodies profoundly inhibited these processes. Similar results were obtained with a fusion protein comprising the extracellular domain of mouse GPVI and human IgG-Fc. This indicates that direct targeting of GPVI provides significantly stronger protection against arterial thrombosis than soluble GPVI dimer.
PSK and Trx80 inhibit B-cell growth in EBV-infected cord blood mononuclear cells through T cells activated by the monocyte products IL-15 and IL-12
Authors: Liu Anquan , Arbiser Jack L. , Holmgren Arne , Klein George , Klein Eva 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)–specific immunologic memory is not transferred from mother to child. In vitro infection of cord blood cells can therefore readily lead to the outgrowth of transformed B lymphocytes. We found that the immunomodulator polysaccharide K (PSK) or the mitogenic cytokine truncated thioredoxin (Trx80) inhibited the EBV-induced B-cell proliferation. Using signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)–associated protein (SAP) induction as a sign for T- and natural killer (NK) cell activation, we could follow it without any need for cell separation because neither macrophages nor B lymphocytes express SAP. The results suggest the following scenario: EBV infected and activated B lymphocytes. Upon interacting with these cells, T cells became posed for responding to cytokines produced by monocytes. Both PSK and Trx80, which is a secreted C-terminally truncated thioredoxin, activated the monocytes, which then produced cytokines in the presence of the primed T cells. PSK induced interleukin-15 (IL-15), while Trx80 induced IL-12 production. Both cytokines activated the T cells for function. Phosphatidylinositol 3–(PI 3)–kinase and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) were involved in the PSK-induced activation of monocytes. Restimulation of the cultures with EBV-transformed B cells generated specific cytotoxic activity.
Long-term pharmacologically regulated expression of erythropoietin in primates following AAV-mediated gene transfer
Authors: Rivera Victor M. , Gao Guang-ping , Grant Rebecca L. , Schnell Michael A. , Zoltick Philip W. , Rozamus Leonard W. , Clackson Tim , Wilson James M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGene therapy is a potential route for the delivery of secreted therapeutic proteins, but pharmacologic control of expression will generally be required for optimal safety and efficacy. Previous attempts to achieve regulated expression in largeanimal models have been thwarted by transient expression or immune responses to regulatory proteins. We evaluated the ability of the dimerizer-regulated gene expression system to achieve controlled, long-term production of erythropoietin (Epo) following intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to 16 primates. All animals showed dose-responsive and completely reversible elevation of Epo and hematocrit in response to the dimerizer rapamycin, or analogs with reduced immunosuppressive activity, administered intravenously or orally. Animals that received optimized dual vectors showed persistent regulated expression for the duration of the study, with no apparent immune response to Epo or the regulatory proteins. Similar results were obtained with single vectors incorporating both the Epo and regulatory genes, including those packaged into serotype 1 AAV vectors to allow use of lower viral doses. For the longest-studied animal, regulated expression has persisted for more than 6 years and 26 induction cycles. These data indicate that one-time or infrequent gene transfer followed by dimerizer regulation is a promising approach for delivery of therapeutic proteins.