bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE MYOMETRIAL RESPONSE TO OXYTOCIN IN WOMEN AT TERM
Authors: Mantell C. D. , Liggins G. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOxytocin dose‐response curves were constructed from amniotic pressure records in ten women who were infused with ethanol at term. Comparison of the slopes of the curves obtained before and during ethanol infusion showed that uterine activity was unaffected in two. In the remainder, the curves obtained during ethanol infusion were displaced to the right of the control curves, remaining parallel in three and diverging in five. It is concluded that inhibition by ethanol of oxytocin‐induced myometrial contractility may be due both to competitive antagonism and to inhibition of release of oxytocin.A further patient with diabetes insipidus was similarly investigated. Basal uterine activity was low and remained so until oxytocin was infused at a rate of 16 mU. per minute. Otherwise the response curves were comparable to those of normal women.
A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE SELENOMETHIONINE UPTAKE TEST
Authors: Lee P. , Garrow J. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe 75Se‐Selenomethionine uptake test for placental competence has been performed on 467 patients. No adverse reactions attributable to the test have been found.Average values for the uptake ratio at each week of gestation from 32 to 43 weeks are given. The lower limit of the normal range has been arbitrarily taken as 75 per cent of the average.In patients with clinical evidence of placental insufficiency, those who have a low uptake have a significantly increased number of dysmature babies compared to those with a normal uptake.The value of the test in predicting intrauterine death, and in the management of hypertensive disease, abruptio placentae and postmaturity is discussed. It is concluded that this test provides information about the state of fetal nutrition which could not be obtained so quickly or easily by any other means.
THE HEAT‐STABLE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE CONTENT OF HUMAN PLACENTAE
Authors: Hawes Susan F. , Halliday D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAlkaline phosphatase increases per placenta and per gram of placental tissue from 32 weeks until term. It appears that the enzyme tends to leak out of postmature placentae, since the intracellular concentration falls while the serum concentration rises.Smaller babies have less alkaline phosphatase per placenta but more per gram of placental tissue.No significant correlation could be found between the iso‐enzyme patterns, developed after electrophoretic separation, and the quality of placental function.
HAEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN WOMEN TAKING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Walters William A. W. , Lim Yean Leng 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaemodynamic changes were monitored serially in a group of 30 healthy young women receiving combined oestrogen‐progestogen oral contraceptive therapy. Significant increases in cardiac output (expressed as cardiac index), systolic and mean blood pressures and plasma volume occurred during therapy. Changes in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were not significant. An increase in stroke volume was mainly responsible for the increase in cardiac output.Plasma renin substrate and renin activity increased, renin concentration decreased, while blood angiotensin levels increased markedly during oral contraceptive administration in all 13 of the 30 subjects in whom these investigations were carried out.A significant increase in body weight occurred in most subjects while receiving oral contraceptive therapy.
PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY AFTER BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY FOR PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA
Authors: Schenker J. G. , Luttwak E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe association of bilateral adrenalectomy and pregnancy is rare: 18 cases reported in the literature are reviewed and an additional case of pregnancy and delivery following bilateral adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma is reported. With good management the prognosis for both the mother and the newborn is good.
THE DURATION OF INDUCED LABOUR
Authors: Sheikh G. N. , Prysor‐Jones D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe average duration of labour after induction by amniotomy or amniotomy and oxytocin infusion was shorter by approximately 2 hours in primigravidae and 1·8 hours in multigravidae than spontaneous labour in comparable groups of patients with hypertension and postmaturity (P = <0·001).In this series the duration of labour was considerably shorter than previously stated by other authors.The birthweight of the infant bore no significant relationship to the duration of labour.The duration of labour was longer in patients with prolonged pregnancies in whom the labour had started spontaneously than in the controls and patients with hypertension. This difference, however, was negligible in those whose labour had been induced by amniotomy.
A SAFE ALTERNATIVE TO CAESAREAN SECTION?
Authors: Moolgaoker A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective study has been carried out over six years to determine whether or not assisted delivery before full dilatation of the cervix is a safe alternative to Caesarean section.Malmstrom's vacuum extractor was employed to accelerate the first stage of labour in 86 patients. This was successful in 82 patients, 39 being delivered with the ventouse alone, and 43 with the additional aid of forceps. In 4 patients vaginal delivery was not possible owing to unsuspected disproportion and the attempt in each case resulted in serious fetal injury or death.The results of successful vacuum extraction in 82 patients are compared with those of a similar group of 110 patients delivered with special forceps.Once the decision was taken to accelerate delivery in the first stage of labour, the time taken to deliver the baby with forceps was about one‐fifth of that required with the ventouse. When rotation of the fetal head was required prior to delivery it was achieved in all the cases of forceps delivery but failed to occur in almost half the number of vacuum extractions.There were no maternal deaths and maternal morbidity was less with each of these methods than might have been expected had Caesarean section been employed. Cervical tears occurred in 18 per cent of patients after vacuum extraction and in half this number after forceps delivery. In subsequent pregnancies these patients showed no evidence of cervical incompetence.With forceps fetal injuries were trivial, no perinatal death occurred and paediatric follow‐up has shown no permanent central nervous system damage. With the ventouse the injuries were more serious, there was a corrected perinatal mortality rate of 24 per thousand and follow‐up has revealed permanent central nervous system damage in 4·5 per cent of surviving infants.
KYPHOSIS COMPLICATING PREGNANCY
Authors: Chau W. , Lee K. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study was made of 27 Chinese patients with kyphosis complicating 38 pregnancies encountered at Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital, Hong Kong, over a 25‐year period. There was no cardio‐respiratory embarrassment in any of the cases. Obstetric hazards such as abortion, pelvic abnormality, marked pendulous abdomen, malpresentation and necessity for classical Caesarean section were found almost exclusively in those with kyphosis in the thoraco‐lumbar region of the vertebral column. Deformities situated above or below the thoraco‐lumbar region were much less likely to have adverse effects on childbirth. The incidences of anaemia, toxaemia of pregnancy, uterine inertia and prematurity were raised in kyphotic patients.
CEREBRAL VASCULAR DISEASE IN PREGNANCY I. HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Amias A. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifty‐two patients with intracranial haemorrhage have been studied, of whom 40 were pregnant and 12 recently delivered. Angioma was encountered more often than aneurysm in the pregnant group. The relative rarity of these lesions makes management difficult to plan for the individual clinician.The possibility of cerebral disease should be considered in any patient with recurrent headache or neurological symptoms. The fact of pregnancy should not deter full investigation including lumbar puncture and cerebral angiography, if clinically indicated.There was a considerably higher incidence of hypertension among patients with cerebral aneurysms compared with those with other lesions. Intracranial bleeding in a hypertensive patient should not be assumed to be a secondary phenomenon without further investigation, and a diagnosis of “atypical eclampsia” should be regarded with suspicion. Patients with severe hypertension require long‐term follow‐up.Unless labour begins during investigation a cerebral lesion should be treated before delivery irrespective of the stage of pregnancy and the method of treatment should be decided primarily on neurosurgical grounds.Conversely, the mode of delivery need not be unduly influenced by the cerebral lesion. The rarity of intracranial bleeding during labour is confirmed in this series, and is supported by haemodynamic considerations. Caesarean section carries no demonstrable advantage for mother or child over controlled vaginal delivery, even when the lesion has not been surgically obliterated. Forceps delivery under sedation and regional anaesthesia is the method of choice.Pregnancy per se does not influence the mortality from intracranial bleeding in young women, but haemodynamic and hormonal changes may explain an increased tendency for vascular anomalies to bleed in the second half of pregnancy, especially in the presence of hypertension.Recurrent bleeding did not occur in nine patients who became pregnant again. The question of further childbearing should be decided individually and based on obstetric rather than neurological grounds.
INSULIN AND GLUCOSE LEVELS IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD AFTER INFUSIONS OF GLUCOSE AND GLUCOSE WITH INSULIN TO WOMEN IN LABOUR
Authors: ŠAbata V. , Frerichs H. , Wolf H. , Stubbe P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInsulin and glucose levels were measured in eleven women in labour and in the umbilical arterial and venous blood of their babies. Twelve women received an infusion of 10 per cent glucose at a rate of 1 g. per minute for an average of 42·2 minutes. Thirteen women were given a similar infusion, and crystalline zinc insulin was added in a concentration of 1 unit to 3 g. of glucose. The average infusion time was 48·5 minutes.Exogenous insulin did not improve the transplacental passage of glucose.The infusion of glucose with insulin caused an eighteenfold increase in insulin level of the women in labour. This change was not reflected by the levels of insulin in umbilical blood. Similar umbilical insulin levels after both types of infusion show that exogenous insulin does not pass from the mother to the fetus during labour.An increase in the insulin level of umbilical blood began 22 minutes after the start of the infusion. This most probably reflects the poor capacity of the fetal pancreas to react to changes in blood glucose levels.
3:4 BENZPYRENE‐INDUCED IN VITRO FLUORESCENCE OF FETAL CELL LIPIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RUPTURED MEMBRANES
Authors: Montanari G. D. , Grismondi G. L. , Zanoio L. 
Published: August 2005

Summary3 : 4‐benzpyrene‐induced in vitro fluorescence of fetal cell lipids was used in the diagnosis of ruptured membranes. The technique and the characteristic appearance of fetal squames displaying a silvery, bluish‐white fluorescence were described. The diagnostic accuracy of the method is fairly good: there was one false positive result in 134 patients with intact membranes and one false negative result in 62 samples of amniotic fluid.
BACTERIOLOGY OF FALLOPIAN TUBE IN RELATION TO PUERPERAL STERILIZATION
Authors: Mustafa Mutasim Abubakr , Pinkerton J. H. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAbout 50 per cent of postpartum women harbour micro‐organisms in their Fallopian tubes in the puerperium. In most patients the organisms are present in both tubes, but occasionally they are recoverable from one tube only. The presence of micro‐organisms in the Fallopian tube in the early puerperium does not seem to be related to pregnancy disease, surgical induction of labour, operative delivery, indication for sterilization or the delivery‐sterilization interval; neither does it significantly increase the incidence of post‐sterilization pyrexia, nor require any treatment in itself.
THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Beazley John M. , Dewhurst C. J. , Gillespie Arnold 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E2 was used to induce labour in 40 patients, between 29 and 42 weeks gestation. Vaginal delivery occurred in 37 patients; 3 other patients required Caesarean section. No fetal complications attributable to PGE2 were observed, nor any maternal cardiovascular or alimentary effects. One patient demonstrated transient uterine hypertonus when infused with 40 ng./kg./min.It is suggested that as the uterine threshold for PGE2 is variable a slow rate of PGE2 infusion should be used initially, but increased steadily until an effective infusion rate is obtained.
INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Hillier K. , Trussell R. R. , Patel R. C. , Tamusange S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of prostaglandin E2 on the activity of the pregnant human uterus in vivo has been studied in 50 women at or near term and in need of induction. Labour was successfully induced in all cases with a continuous infusion of 0·5 μg./min. The uterine activity produced by prostaglandin infusion resembled that of normal spontaneous labour. No unphysiological increase in uterine tonus was observed. The average infusion time was 5·5 hours and the average infusion‐delivery interval was 10 hours.
THE VOLUME AND COMPOSITION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Sinha R. , Carlton M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe volume and biochemical composition of amniotic fluid from early normal pregnancies terminated between 8 and 24 weeks were studied. The volume was measured directly in 27 of 33 cases. There was a small, but steady increase between 8 and 11 weeks. From 11 weeks there was a rapid and almost linear increase to a peak volume at 20 weeks. The bilirubin concentration and the optical density difference at 450 mμ. were related to gestational age rather than to the volume of fluid and reached a peak at about 18 weeks. The sodium, potassium and creatinine concentrations were comparable with plasma levels. The urea, glucose, protein and carbon dioxide concentrations were lower, whereas the chloride content was higher than the plasma level. The concentrations of these constituents were not related to either volume or gestational age during the period investigated.
LIQUOR BILIRUBIN VALUES IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Carlton M. A. , Sinha R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLiquor bilirubin concentrations have been measured chemically and spectrophotometrically throughout normal pregnancy in 80 patients and in 30 patients with fetuses affected by rhesus incompatibility.A normal curve and confidence intervals for a single observation of Δ 450 mμ. have been calculated. Prognostic criteria may be applied to gestations earlier than 28 weeks by use of the normal Δ 450 mμ. curve and the curve designating the 0·5 per cent confidence limit.Accurate criteria for intrauterine transfusion cannot be derived from Δ 450 mμ. values before 23–24 weeks and at this stage of pregnancy emphasis should be placed on the obstetric history.
NON‐IMMUNOLOGICAL HYDROPS FETALIS
Authors: Macafee C. A. J. , Fortune D. W. , Beischer N. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a consecutive series of 182 cases of hydrops fetalis 33 (17·6 per cent) were due to causes other than blood group incompatibility, the incidence of non‐immunological hydrops fetalis being 1 in 3538 deliveries. Of the 33 cases, 13 were idiopathic, 6 were associated with twin pregnancies, 7 had major malformations and the remaining 7 had a variety of associated diseases.The high incidence of polyhydramnios, pre‐eclampsia and prematurity in cases of idiopathic hydrops was confirmed, and the series included one case of eclampsia. The subsequent obstetric performance of these patients was very different to what occurs with rhesus immunization and 21 of 22 further pregnancies were uncomplicated, the other resulting in a surviving hydropic infant.There is an association (3 of 13 cases) between severe maternal anaemia and idiopathic hydrops. This association is more significant than that between hydrops fetalis and any fetal malformation other than adenomatoid hamartoma of the lung. No relationship between diabetes and of fetal hydrops was found.Urinary oestriol excretion was low in two cases of idiopathic hydrops in which this test was performed indicating that hydrops probably represents chronic feto‐placental dysfunction rather than an acute episode of circulatory failure. In non‐immunological hydrops the placental weights are of the same order as those seen in erythroblastosis.Fetal anaemia was not found in any case nor were fetal plasma protein levels consistently low. In the twin transfusion syndrome the exsanguinated twin can become hydropic and both twins may be affected. It is concluded that hydrops is unlikely to have a single aetiology and that the pathogenesis cannot be explained by such simple considerations as fetal anaemia.
FETAL HAEMOGLOBIN IN CORD BLOOD AS ESTIMATED BY TWO DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES
Authors: Bhoyroo S. K. , D'Souza S. W. , Gordon H. , Scopes J. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAlthough there is a significant correlation between the percentage of fetal cells as estimated by the Kleihauer technique and the amount of fetal haemoglobin in the same specimen, the variation is large. The information cannot be used for accurate prediction of the concentration of fetal haemoglobin or of gestational age.
BLOOD SUGAR AND PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Mowat J. , Lindsay A. C. , Mckiddie M. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGlucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels were studied during the third trimester of pregnancy in 32 normal women. 35 patients with glycosuria and 25 “at risk” patients. Blood sugar levels were lower and plasma insulin levels were higher than in non‐pregnant controls. No difference was found between the normal pregnant patients and either the glycosurics or the “at risk” group. It is suggested that the criteria for normal glucose tolerance might be modified during pregnancy.
TEENAGE PREGNANCY—AN INTER‐RACIAL STUDY
Authors: Scher J. , Utian Wulf H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe obstetrical outcome of pregnancy in primigravid patients aged 16 years or less of three racial groups, white, Cape coloured and Bantu, is compared. Each group consisted of 100 consecutive patients.The major differences found were an increased incidence of cephalo‐pelvie disproportion and associated high Caesarean section rate in the Cape coloured and Bantu groups, a lower rate of engagement of the fetal head before labour in the non‐white patients and a high prematurity rate in the Cape coloured group.An equally high incidence of toxaemia of pregnancy was found in all racial groups and the increased incidence of this syndrome in the young primigravid patient was confirmed.
EFFECTS OF OESTROGENS ON THE HUMAN CIRCULATION
Authors: Lim Yean Leng , Lumbers Eugenie R. , Walters William A. W. , Whelan Robert F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe naturally occurring oestrogens, oestrone and oestriol, were given by intraarterial infusion into the brachial artery and by intravenous injection. No changes in blood flow through the hand or forearm were observed with either route of administration. Intravenous injection resulted in a significant rise in blood pressure but no significant changes in heart rate or limb vascular resistance. It is suggested that this rise in blood pressure may be due to a direct action of the hormones on the heart.
PHYSIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES TO HEPARIN IN NON‐PREGNANT, NORMAL PREGNANT, AND ECLAMPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Nelson George H. , Strickland John A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHeparin 50 mg. was injected intravenously into four groups of patients: non‐pregnant women who were not taking oral contraceptives, non‐pregnant women taking oral contraceptives, normal pregnant women, and eclamptic patients. Blood was collected before and ten minutes after the injection, and the following determinations were carried out: Lee‐White clotting time, serum free fatty acid concentration, in vitro lipoprotein lipase assay, in vitro post‐heparin phospholipase assay, and in vitro post‐heparin esterase assay.After the heparin injection, non‐pregnant patients showed a significantly greater prolongation of clotting time than pregnant patients. No significant differences were noted in increments of serum free fatty acid concentrations. The lipoprotein lipase and post‐heparin esterase assays in the post‐heparin serum showed greatest activity in the non‐pregnant women who were not taking oral contraceptives, least activity in the pregnant women, with the non‐pregnant women who were taking oral contraceptives intermediate between the others. The post‐heparin phospholipase activity in the post‐heparin serum from the women who were not pregnant or taking oral contraceptives was significantly greater than the activity from the non‐pregnant women who were taking oral contraceptives and from the pregnant women. No significant difference was found by any determination between the normal pregnant and the eclamptic groups. On the fifth postpartum day the responses of the normal pregnant and eclamptic groups resembled more closely those of the non‐pregnant women who were not taking oral contraceptives, but in general were not quite as large.
ACTIVE MANAGEMENT OF LABOUR AND CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION
Authors: O'Driscoll Kieran , Jackson Reginald J. A. , Gallagher John T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA preoccupation with cephalopelvic disproportion is the main reason for a reluctance to abandon the conservative attitude towards labour which prevails in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In a series of 1000 consecutive primigravidae, in which an active approach to labour was adopted, the incidence of disproportion was less than 1 per cent and there was notable absence of trauma, especially to the child.Oxytocin stimulation is recommended as an essential instrument to define disproportion when the natural forces are not adequate. Excessive caution is criticized because a diagnosis of disproportion cannot be made unless uterine action is adequate. It is concluded that the possibility of cephalopelvic disproportion does not justify a passive attitude towards labour in a modern maternity unit.
THE PROTEINS OF CERVICAL MUCUS AND THE INFLUENCE OF PROGESTAGENS
Authors: Elstein Max 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study is presented of the proteins of cervical mucus in relation to its changing physical properties. The effects of various low dose progestagens on these characteristics were investigated.A technique was developed to solubilize cervical mucus so that protein quantitation, reproducible disc electrophoresis and immunodiffusion could be carried out. Protein concentration reached a nadir at midcycle. Whe n progestagens of the 17‐α‐acetoxy series were given the lowest level was significantly higher than at midcycle in normal cycles and when norgestrel 75 μg. was administered at which time only albumin was present. In progestational states the concentration of protein was higher and in addition immunoglobulins and transferrin were present.These findings support the hypothesis that the 17‐α‐acetoxy progestagens exert their major contraceptive action through an effect on the cervical mucus. In contrast, norgestrel at doses of 75 μg. probably has its major action by disturbing ovarian steroidogenesis.It is concluded that the “serum‐like” proteins might play a significant role as a cross‐linking agent between the thread‐like glycoproteins. It is suggested that studies of the protein changes in the cervical mucus during administration of various progestational agents in relation to their effects on hormone output, might be applied in the search for a contraceptive with an optimal cervical mucus effect.