bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Sciatic Scoliosis in Lumbar Disc Herniation and Comparative Radiographic Outcomes After Treatment With Full‐Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy
Authors: Pluemvitayaporn Tinnakorn , Surapuchong Suttinont , Kunakornsawat Sombat , Tuntirungrojchai Suppanut , Tangcharoenwathanakul Suwit , Ratanakoosakul Warot , Tiracharnvut Kitjapat , Pruttikul Pritsanai , Piyasakulkaew Chaiwat , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTStudy DesignRetrospective cohort study.BackgroundSciatic scoliosis is attributed to non‐structural scoliosis resulting from the irritation of spinal nerve roots. Although limited research has addressed the specific characteristics of sciatic scoliotic curve patterns, there is a lack of reported data on the pre‐ and post‐radiographic outcomes of patients with sciatic scoliosis caused by lumbar disc herniation who have undergone full‐endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (FEID).ObjectivesTo analyze the distinctive pattern and compare the radiographic results in patients with sciatic scoliosis caused by lumbar disc herniation who have undergone FEID.MethodsThe medical records of patients with sciatic scoliosis caused by lumbar disc herniation who underwent FEID from 2016 to 2022 were gathered and analyzed. The study focused on the prevalence of sciatic scoliosis, the specific location of the lumbar disc herniation, the level of the curve in sciatic scoliosis, and the comparison of pre‐ and post‐operative changes in radiographic outcomes.ResultsA total of 178 patients were analyzed, revealing a prevalence of sciatic scoliosis at 33.7% (60 out of 178). The predominant anatomical location of lumbar disc herniation in cases of sciatic scoliosis was found to be the L4‐L5 level, accounting for 56.67% (34 out of 60). The observed lumbosacral curve exhibited a typical pattern with a mean Cobb angle of 14° (range: 2.5–35, standard deviation = 7.46). The mean C7PL‐CSVL distance was also measured at 36.2 mm (range: 1–170, standard deviation = 32.5). The mean lumbar lordosis was 21° (range: −1.8–50, standard deviation = 12.96), while the mean Sagittal vertical axis was recorded at 40.9 mm (range: −85–160, standard deviation = 47.8). Notably, no statistically significant difference was observed in the anatomical location of lumbar disc herniation and the apical curve level of sciatic scoliosis. Furthermore, 68% of cases of sciatic scoliosis demonstrated improvement within 12 months, with the average time to improvement being 4 months following FEID.ConclusionThe FEID procedure has the potential to lead to the natural resolution of sciatic scoliosis within a year. These findings suggest that sciatic scoliosis may not be a reliable indicator for determining the specific anatomical location of disc herniation.
Identification of Novel SCMC Gene Variants Associated With Early Embryonic Arrest
Authors: Zhang Changlong , Zhao Shuai , Zhang Honghui , Su Wei , Wang Yang , Cui Ying , Yang Bohan , Wang Yikun , Zhao Han 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is crucial for the oocyte‐to‐embryo transition, and genetic variants in SCMC genes have been associated with early embryonic arrest (EEA). In this study, we performed whole‐exome sequencing on 303 independent females with EEA and identified 16 patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in SCMC genes (NLRP2, NLRP5, PADI6, and TLE6), accounting for 5.3% of EEA cases. NLRP5 had the highest prevalence, with 7 out of 16 cases (43.8%). A total of 23 novel variants were identified, including 13 missense, eight loss‐of‐function, one in‐frame insertion, and one large 6.9 kb deletion. Functional predictions using mCSM indicated that nine missense variants destabilize SCMC structure. Additionally, RT‐PCR and cDNA sequencing demonstrated that the synonymous variant in TLE6 (c.180G>A) impacts splicing and induces nonsense‐mediated decay. Taken together, our findings revealed that novel biallelic variants in SCMC genes were associated with human EEA, which expands the spectrum of genetic causes and facilitates the genetic diagnosis of female infertility with EEA.
Long‐term outcomes of ‘temporary’ defunctioning in patients with severe perianal Crohn's disease
Authors: Becker M. A. J. , Pronk A. J. M. , Gecse K. , Hompes R. , Bemelman W. A. , Buskens C. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimThis study aimed to analyse long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing temporary faecal diversion for therapy‐refractory Crohn's perianal fistulas.MethodsIn this retrospective study, Crohn's patients who underwent defunctioning for perianal disease between 2012 and 2022 were included. The primary endpoints were successful ostomy reversal and proctectomy/proctocolectomy rates. Secondary endpoints were clinical fistula closure, development of proximal colonic disease recurrence, and the influence of medication, patient and disease characteristics on ostomy reversal.ResultsIn total, 53 patients were included, 35 colostomies and 18 ileostomies. Previous L2 disease was more frequently seen in the ileostomy group (colostomy 29%, ileostomy 83%; P = 0.004). Clinical closure of the fistula was seen in 26%. 21% (11/53 patients) underwent an attempt at ostomy reversal during a median overall follow‐up of 90.1 months (interquartile range 17.5–82.5) of which nine ostomies (colostomy 23%, ileostomy 6%; P = 0.244) were closed successfully. In 35%, a proctectomy/proctocolectomy was required to control ongoing perianal sepsis. Factors associated with ostomy reversal were fistula closure (P < 0.001) and L1/L3 disease (P = 0.043). In patients with ostomy reversal attempt (n = 11), successful reversal was associated with colostomy (P = 0.055) and use of anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) (P = 0.055) despite being previously classified as anti‐TNF refractory.ConclusionOstomy reversal rates are low, so defunctioning ostomies should be carefully considered because in most patients the ostomy will be permanent. In one‐third of the patients, a proctectomy/proctocolectomy is required to treat ongoing perianal sepsis. If a patient is eligible for ostomy reversal, reversal should preferably be done under anti‐TNF to optimize chances of success.
Trees on farms improve dietary quality in rural Malawi
Authors: Hall Charlotte Mackenzie , Den Braber Bowy , Vansant Emilie , Oldekop Johan A. , Das Upasak , Fielding David , Kamoto Judith F. M. , Rasmussen Laura Vang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTrees on farms not only provide agricultural and environmental benefits but can also contribute to food security. We use panel data covering a 10‐year period from the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) to examine the effects of trees on farms on people's dietary quality in rural Malawi. We found that having on‐farm trees leads to higher and more diverse fruit and vegetable consumption. Specifically, households who had trees on their farm (or who acquired trees during the 10‐year period) exhibited a 3% increase in vegetable consumption compared to households without trees. Moreover, for every additional tree species owned or acquired by a household during the study period, fruit consumption increased by 5%. These results demonstrate that trees on farms may play a role in meeting nutrition, conservation, and climate change mitigation goals, with important implications for sustainable development strategies in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Phishing Website Detection: An In‐Depth Investigation of Feature Selection and Deep Learning
Authors: Mousavi Soudabe , Bahaghighat Mahdi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCloud and fog computing technologies benefit from integrating AI‐driven phishing detection as it enhances security, scalability, real‐time reaction, and privacy. Nowadays, there is a noticeable rise in illegal activity taking place online. One of the illicit cybersecurity practices is phishing, in which hackers trick consumers by pretending to be authentic websites and spoofing them to obtain sensitive user information. Phishing attacks, regrettably, have increased dramatically in recent years, according to research. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques have shown encouraging progress in thwarting these attacks. Consequently, we employed DL and ML techniques to identify phishing websites in this study. This article presents four scenarios in both ML and DL models. Two are proposed in ML, while the others are employed in DL. The outcomes of four scenarios were contrasted to determine which algorithm performed better at distinguishing between legal and illicit websites. Many popular ML techniques were used, including K‐nearest neighbour, random forest (RF), decision trees, and SVMs. PCA and Importance Features are implemented in both ML scenarios to find the best features. RF successfully reached an accuracy of 97.82% using the Importance Feature technique. However, the PCA method failed to improve the performance of ML algorithms. As a result of ML‐based scenarios, 98 features are selected for the final deep learning scenarios. In DL‐based scenarios, algorithm architectures are essential to avoid overfitting and bias due to various hyperparameters. Thus, in the third scenario, our aim focuses on DL architecture design. Multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are employed to detect phishing websites. Finally, our proposed 1D CNN model, using stratified k‐fold cross‐validation, outperformed the classical ML algorithm, achieving 98.94% accuracy and 0.99 AUC‐ROC score in detecting phishing websites.
Association of high‐frequency hearing loss with examination data and lifestyle in 36 000 middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Akamatsu Yuri , Ojima Toshiyuki , Nakanishi Hiroshi , Misawa Kiyoshi , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: January 2025

AimHearing loss is a public health issue; further studies are warranted to elucidate preventable factors. This study aimed to explore the associations of bilateral high‐frequency hearing loss (HFHL) with examination data and lifestyle behaviors, using the Comprehensive Health Checkup System (Ningen Dock) data in Japan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used Ningen Dock data obtained from the Seirei Health Care Division for 2020. HFHL was defined as inaudibility of 40 dB at 4 kHz. The Areal Deprivation Index (ADI) in Japan was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status. Binomial logistic regression analysis by sex was performed to evaluate the association of bilateral HFHL with each binarized examination data and lifestyle behavior, with age and the ADI as covariates.ResultsThis study included 36,137 participants (60% male; mean age, approximately 60 years in both sexes). The odds ratios (ORs) for high uric acid (UA) levels in the examination data and current regular smoking in lifestyle behaviors were statistically significantly the highest (males: 1.27, 1.57; females: 3.56, 2.41, respectively). The OR for excessive alcohol consumption, especially large amounts consumed per occasion, was also statistically significant (males: 1.25; females: 2.15). Additionally, the ORs for high aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels in females were statistically significant.ConclusionsHigh UA levels, current regular smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption were associated with bilateral HFHL in both sexes. Especially, the findings regarding high UA levels and the large amount of alcohol consumption per occasion are novel, warranting longitudinal studies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Experiences and Perceptions of People With Advanced Cancer and Their Family Caregivers of Shared Decision‐Making in Palliative Cancer Care
Authors: Rabben Jannicke , Rohde Gudrun Elin , Fossum Mariann , Vivat Bella 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the experiences and perceptions of people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers of shared decision‐making, including how they and nurses are involved.DesignExploratory interview study.MethodsSemistructured, individual interviews conducted in 2023 were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty‐four participants (15 people with cancer and 9 caregivers) participated in this study. The analysis generated five themes; (1) Decisions are ultimately about living or dying, (2) Desires and expectations for involvement in decision‐making, (3) Uncertainty about potential and capacity for shared decision‐making, (4) Good quality information and communication are key for involvement and (5) Nurses' contributions are unclear.ConclusionOverall, our participants were unsure about how decision‐making about the complex and existential decisions in palliative cancer care was shared, or how it included them, or nurses.Implications for the Profession and Patient CarePeople receiving care could benefit from more clarity on what shared decision‐making is, how they can be involved and how nurses can facilitate and support shared decision‐making.ImpactPart of the nursing role is to support and involve people with cancer and family caregivers in decisions about treatment and care. Our findings suggest that people receiving care may be unclear about the concept of shared decision‐making, and so also about how nurses potentially or actually support decision‐making. Our study further clarifies the challenges and possibilities for involving all stakeholders in shared decision‐making. This additional insight may help in future development and implementation of shared decision‐making.Reporting MethodCOREQ.What Does This Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?Adds to knowledge and understanding of the complexity of shared decision‐making in palliative cancer care and how nurses can contribute to this and advancing a person‐centred approach.Patient or Public ContributionA patient and public involvement group participated in all phases of planning and conducting this study.
Surgery for Bronchiectasis: Experience and Outcomes at Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Watson Clara , Han Dug Yeo , Byrnes Catherine A. , Hamill James , Morreau Philip , Edwards Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurgical management for bronchiectasis is uncommon. This study reviewed the experience of bronchiectasis surgery and subsequent outcomes at a tertiary paediatric centre over a 20 year period.MethodsRetrospective audit of children aged < 18 years who underwent bronchiectasis surgery at Starship Children's Hospital between 2001 and 2021. Cases were identified from clinical coding, with demographics, pre‐operative investigations and outcomes obtained from clinical records.ResultsNineteen children (11 females, 42% Pasifika, 26% Māori and 26% New Zealand European) were included. Mean age of bronchiectasis diagnosis was 6.3 years (range 2.1–13.9 years) and mean age of surgery was 8.5 years (range 2.6–15.9 years). Indications for surgery included localised bronchiectasis (n = 7), main burden of multilobar disease in one lobe (n = 5) and persistent lobar collapse (n = 3). Pre‐operative investigations included chest computerised tomography scan (68%), bronchoscopy (37%) and overnight oximetry (42%). One child underwent documented pre‐operative clinical optimisation. For children with bronchiectasis < 5 years (n = 11), 81% demonstrated improved symptoms, 9% were unchanged and 9% deteriorated. All children with bronchiectasis > 5 years had symptomatic improvement. The mean number of daily symptoms decreased by 2.4 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionLobectomy resulted in significant symptomatic improvement in 89% of children. However, pre‐operative work‐up was variable. The study highlights the importance of establishing a protocol for identification of children with bronchiectasis who would benefit from surgery and developing a consistent preparatory approach to ensure optimal and equitable outcomes.
The solar system Fe/Mg ratio
Authors: Burnett D. S. , Jurewicz A. J. G. , Woolum D. S. , Guan Y. , Heber V. S. , Hervig R. , Humayun M. , McKeegan K. D. , Nittler L. R. , Olinger C. T. , Reisenfeld D. B. , Wang J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSolar wind Fe and Mg fluences (atoms/cm2) were measured from Genesis collectors. Fe and Mg have similar first ionization potentials and solar wind Fe/Mg should equal the solar ratio. Solar wind Fe/Mg is a more valid measure of solar composition than CI chondrites and can be measured more accurately than spectroscopic photospheric abundances. Mg and Fe fluences analyzed in four laboratories give satisfactory agreement. Si and diamond‐like carbon collector fluences agree for both elements. The Mg and Fe fluences are 1.731 ± 0.073 × 1012 and 1.366 ± 0.058 × 1012 atoms/cm2. All plausible sources of errors down to the 1% level are documented. Our value for the solar system Fe/Mg, 0.789 ± 0.048 agrees within 1 sigma errors with CI chondrites, spectroscopic photospheric abundances, and with the solar wind data from the ACE spacecraft. CI samples from asteroid Ryugu give Fe/Mg in agreement with Genesis and meteoritic CI samples despite very small sample sizes. The higher accuracy of the Genesis solar Fe/Mg permits a comparison with chondritic Fe/Mg at the 10% level. Intermeteorite Fe/Mg averages differ among the main C chondrite groups but are within, or very close to, the ±1 sigma Genesis solar Fe/Mg.
Reflections on a critically‐applied anthropology of conservation and tourism field school in Honduras’ Bay Islands
Authors: Brondo Keri Vacanti 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article examines the inception, goals, and impacts of an ethnographic field school in conservation, culture, and environmental change, established in collaboration with small conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Honduras’ Bay Islands. It traces the author's journey from decades of critical and activist ethnography on rhetorical erasure and territorial dispossession of African and Indigenous descendants by conservation and tourism development towards the surprising turn (to the author) to establish a study abroad program that combined conservation research tourism and ethnographic fieldwork. The article provides an overview of the central themes explored during the program: neocolonialism, racialized dispossession, and displacement‐in‐place in Caribbean tourism; neoliberal conservation and the transformation of landscapes through land privatization; and the impacts of climate change, ecological grief, and community resiliency in the face of environmental change. Student feedback, community benefits, and goals for the program's future are detailed.
Effects of stevia consumption on appetite in adults: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zare Marzieh , Zeinalabedini Mobina , Ebrahimpour‐Koujan Soraiya , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: January 2025

SummaryAbstractStevia is an intense, calorie‐free sweetener that is frequently used to reduce energy intake; however, studies examining its effects on appetite and energy intake have produced mixed results, indicating that a definitive consensus has not yet been reached. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the impact of stevia on appetite and energy intake in adults. The PROSPERO registration number for this research is CRD42023414411. The databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. In addition, the reference lists of extracted articles and pertinent reviews were examined. Two evaluators performed screening, quality assessment, and data extraction independently. Furthermore, the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach was employed to systematically assess the certainty level of the evidence presented in our study. Eleven clinical trials with a total of 428 participants were included. We found no significant changes in any appetite scores following stevia consumption (very low to moderate certainty of the evidence). Moreover, subgroup analyses demonstrated the scores of desires to eat increased significantly in the oral intake of stevia and not enteral intake subgroup (WMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.89; P = 0.046). In addition, the number of studies reporting energy intake was limited, preventing a meta‐analysis of this variable. In conclusion, stevia consumption has no significant effect on appetite scores in adults but it seems that more long‐term clinical trials are needed to obtain more accurate results.Practitioner PointStevia, as a non‐nutritive sweetener, has no significant effect on appetite scores in adults.
Analysing Thalattosuchia palaeobiodiversity through the prism of phylogenetic comparative methods
Authors: Forêt Tom , Aubier Paul , Jouve Stéphane , Cubo Jorge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThalattosuchia are a particularly diverse group of mostly marine crocodylomorphs that lived during most of the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous. Previous studies have sought to uncover the factors influencing Crocodylomorpha evolution, yielding mixed results, possibly due to Thalattosuchia's unique ecological niche and controversial phylogenetic placement among crocodylomorphs. Here, we propose a Thalattosuchia‐focused study using phylogenetically‐informed statistical analyses. First, we tested the phylogenetic structure of thalattosuchian extinction at various geological transitions. We then tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors explaining thalattosuchian diversity at the aforementioned crises. Finally, we tested whether diet was an additional explanatory factor. We found that: (1) thalattosuchian extinction at the Lower–Middle Jurassic transition was phylogenetically structured and associated with signs of snout reduction possibly explained by the colonization of emptied ecological niches, allowing the emergence of Machimosaurinae and Geosaurinae; (2) we observed higher local temperatures for Thalattosuchia after the Middle–Upper Jurassic and Jurassic–Cretaceous transitions, the former being in accordance with most climatic literature and the latter being subject to more caution; finally, (3) we corroborated previous studies about skull shape and found that durophagous teleosauroids tended to have larger body sizes than any other diet, possibly as a result of ecological specialization. We also found evidence for niche partitioning among piscivorous and macrophagous metriorhynchoids that is observable by a size range extension.
Regret for the Defeated Directive
Authors: Fives Allyn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I argue an authoritative directive can be defeated (i.e., outweighed) by a reason it defeats (i.e., excludes), where it is rational to feel regret for failing to act as the directive demands. This is the case as, first, it is rational to feel regret when one fails to act on a binding reason, and a defeated reason is still binding unless its triggering conditions have been removed; second, an authoritative directive can be defeated by a more weighty reason it excludes if the latter is still binding; and third, there is no general rule preventing a more weighty excluded reason from defeating a directive.
On the Quality of Relational Justice
Authors: Carter Matilda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBy emphasising the role of concepts like social status, power and respect, all relational egalitarians seek to demonstrate that there is more to the political concept of equality than the distribution of goods. While there is a broad consensus on the nature of equality, however, the nature of justice is a matter of internal dispute. The aim of this paper is to disentangle these argumentative threads, building on work in early relational egalitarian scholarship to develop a relational approach to justice, both distinct from the distributive approach to justice and isolated from the relational approach to equality. In doing so, I reveal possible and sometimes surprising alliances between relational egalitarians and other scholars on the nature of justice.