bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of graft refractive power after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Isager Peter , Hjortdal Jesper Ø. , Ehlers Niels 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: Patients needing penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation may be handled with a single triple procedure or a two‐stage procedure with initial keratoplasty and cataract surgery in a later session. The latter approach is considered more safe by some surgeons and allows adjustment of the IOL power to the power of the actual corneal graft. The purpose of this study was to estimate the optimal timing of cataract surgery with IOL implantation by studying the refractive stability of 8 mm penetrating keratoplasty grafts.Methods: Penetrating keratoplasty (8.0 mm graft and recipient bed) was performed in 28 eyes of 28 patients. Corneal topography (TMS‐1) was studied at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and after suture removal (30 months). The central spherical equivalent graft power was computed from the topographical data (rings 2 through 4).Results: On average, the spherical equivalent graft power was stable from one month after surgery up to suture removal (range: 41.9 to 42.7 diopters). After suture removal the graft steepened slightly (0.7 diopters). Corneal refractive power of single grafts fluctuated considerably over time. The standard deviation on time‐dependent changes in graft power was from 3 months efter PK smaller than the standard deviation on the graft powers at 12 months.Conclusion: The average central spherical equivalent power of an 8.0 mm donor graft in an 8.0 mm recipient bed was stable from one month after penetrating keratoplasty until suture removal. A two‐stage procedure with cataract surgery performed 3 months after PK can, compared to the triple procedure, reduce postoperative ametropia at 12 months if graft topography is taken into consideration at the time of cataract surgery. We recommend that cataract surgery with IOL implantation takes place from 3 months after penetrating keratoplasty.
Hemostatic effects of SF6 after diabetic vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage
Authors: Koutsandrea CH. N. , Apostolopoulos M. N. , Chatzoulis D. Z. , Parikakis E. A. , Theodossiadis G. P. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To investigate the hemostatic effects of SF6 gas in preventing postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic vitrectomy.Methods: A prospective, randomized study of 33 diabetic eyes with vitreous hemorrhage, treated by vitrectomy. In 17 of our cases SF6 20% was injected into the eye at the end of the operation, while in 16 cases BSS remained in the vitreous cavity.Results: The incidence of vitreous hemorrhage recurrence was 17.6% for the SF6 group and 12.5% for the BSS group (statistically not significant). Progression of lens opacities was observed in 23.5% of the SF6 group, and in 18.8% of the BSS group (statistically not significant, with a higher incidence in the SF6 group).Conclusions: SF6 gas did not show hemostatic effects in the cases studied. Furthermore, it may have contributed to cataract progression. Therefore we suggest that the use of SF6 is not recommended as a treatment modality in preventing new vitreous hemorrhage after diabetic vitrectomy.
Results of a neurosurgical two‐wall orbital decompression in the treatment of severe thyroid associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Linnet J. , Hegedüs L. , Bjerre P. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: Follow‐up of patients with severe thyroid associated ophthalmopathy treated with a transcranial two‐wall orbital decompression and reconstruction.Methods: A two‐wall transcranial orbital decompression was performed in 30 such patients (50 eyes). The patients were evaluated one month postoperatively, and long‐term evaluation (median 14 months, range 2–54 months) was carried out. The main outcome measures were visual acuity, proptosis measured by Hertel ophthalmometry, soft tissue involvement, and restriction of eye motility.Result:Visual acuity improved rapidly in 28 of 32 affected eyes with normalization in 19 eyes (p<0.001). Worsening was not seen. Median proptosis was reduced by 4.0 mm, range 0–10.0 (p<0.001). Double vision was present in 24 patients before operation 14 of whom achieved binocular vision (p<0.001). Three patients had unchanged complaints and the double vision worsened in one patient. Seventeen of 20 patients on preoperative corticosteroid treatment discontinued this medication in relation to surgery. Complications included one case of perioperative minor stroke and two cases of facial nerve frontal branch palsy.Conclusion: The transcranial two‐wall decompression is a simple, an efficient and a low‐risk procedure for treatment of patients with severe thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.
Maculopathy and visual acuity in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and non‐diabetic subjects: A 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Voutilainen‐Kaunisto Raija , Teräsvirta Markku , Uusitupa Matti , Niskanen Leo 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: The long‐term evolution of diabetic maculopathy and visual acuity and their risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes and in control subjects.Methods: A 10‐year prospective study consisting of a representative group of 133 (70 men, 63 women) newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed at health centers between 1979 and 1981 and 144 (62 men, 82 women) non‐diabetic control subjects recruited from the population register. The frequency of maculopathy was determined by grading of 45 ° fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms. The subjects were studied at baseline and after 5 and 10 years.Results: The frequency of maculopathy in Type 2 diabetic patients was low at the time of diagnosis but increased sharply after 5 years of the disease and at the 10‐year examination 21% of diabetic patients had signs of maculopathy. By the 10‐year follow‐up the visual acuity declined more markedly in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. Poor glycaemic control was the most important predictive factor for the development of maculopathy as well as deterioration of visual acuity.Conclusions: In newly diagnosed patients with Type 2 diabetes one‐fifth had developed maculopathy which deteriorated their visual acuity. Poor glycaemic control was the most important predictor of maculopathy.
Age‐related utilisation of cataract surgery in Sweden during 1992–1999. A retrospective study of cataract surgery rate in one‐year age groups based on the Swedish National Cataract Register
Authors: Lundström Mats , Stenevi Ulf , Thorburn William 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To study the utilisation and increase of first eye cataract surgery in one‐year age groups between 60 and 90 years of age during 1992–1999.Methods: Data was extracted from the National Swedish Cataract Register (NCR) that covers about 93.2% of all cataract extractions performed in Sweden during 1992–1999. The total number of living persons in each one‐year age group was collected from the Year Book of Statistics in Sweden (1993–2000).Results: The number of cataract extractions in Sweden increased by 54.8% from 1992 to 1999. The rates of first eye cataract surgery in one‐year age groups between 60 and 90 years of age were different for females and males and this difference did not change during a 37% increase of the surgery volume from 1992 to 1999. The rate of first eye cataract surgery increased significantly both for females (+29.4%) and males (+27.2%) during 1992 to 1999 in Sweden.Conclusion: The rate of first eye cataract surgery increased significantly from 1992 to 1999 but the gender difference in age‐related utilisation of surgery remained unchanged. The increase in rate was about the same in all age groups.
Macular star associated with posterior hyaloid detachment
Authors: Akura Junsuke , Ikeda Tomohiro , Sato Keiko , Ikeda Naohiro 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To report a patient with a Leber’s idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis‐like lesion that was caused by vitreous traction accompanying a posterior hyaloid detachment.Methods: We present a 49‐year‐old woman who showed segmental optic disc edema, peripapillary retinal detachment, and a macular star.Results: An incomplete posterior hyaloid detachment was present, and the posterior hyaloid membrane was attached to the nasal margin of the optic disc. Fluorescein angiography revealed a bent retinal artery on the upper margin of the optic disc, and leakage of fluorescein was observed from this area.Conclusion: Vascular damage to the optic disc due to vitreous traction should also be considered as a mechanism for the ophthalmoscopic appearance of the fundus when lesions suggestive of Leber’s idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis are present in an adult.
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and ulcerative colitis: a possible association
Authors: Di Crecchio Lorenzo , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Saviano Sandro , Ravalico Giuseppe 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To report a case of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) in the course of Ulcerative Colitis (UC).Methods: A complete ophthalmologic evaluation, including fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, was performed.Results: A patient with exacerbation of UC was referred to our department for sudden visual loss in RE. Ophthalmoscopy disclosed multifocal yellow‐white placoid lesions typical of APMPPE in RE. There were no lesions in the fellow eye. On fluorescein angiography (FA), the active lesions showed early hypofluorescence, followed by late staining. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) revealed early and late hypofluorescence corresponding to the lesions observed clinically, and late anular staining surrounding a hypofluorescent lesion at the posterior pole. On LE ICGA revealed lesions not detected with ophthalmoscopy and FA. After corticosteroid therapy the lesions healed.Conclusion: Ulcerative Colitis may be responsible for the onset of AMPPPE by an immunological mechanism of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction.
The prevalence and causes of bilateral and unilateral blindness in an elderly urban Danish population. The Copenhagen City Eye Study
Authors: Buch Helena , Vinding Troels , La Cour Morten , Nielsen Niels Vesti 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To study the prevalence and causes of bilateral and unilateral blindness in an elderly urban Danish population.Methods: Data originated from a Danish epidemiologic cross‐sectional random sample population eye survey conducted during the years 1986–1988. The population consisted of 1,000 inhabitants aged 60 to 80 years in Copenhagen. The participants underwent an extensive ophthalmologic examination. A participation rate of 96.9% was achieved. Any blindness was defined as best‐corrected visual acuity (VA) worse than 0.05 (the WHO criteria) and VA of 0.1 or worse (the National criteria (NC) of blindness).Results: The prevalence rates of bilateral and unilateral blindness were, respectively, 0.53% and 3.38% according to WHO, but 1.06% and 4.44% using NC. Bilateral blindness rose significantly with age (p=0.02). According to NC, age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) was the leading cause of bilateral blindness, accounting for 60% of all blind persons. Glaucoma, myopic macular degeneration, cataract and retinitis pigmentosa were jointly the second most common cause, each accounting for 10% of all bilaterally blind persons. Diabetic retinopathy was not a cause of bilateral blindness. Amblyopia was the most frequent, AMD the second most frequent, and diabetic retinopathy was among the third most common cause of unilateral blindness accounting for, respectively, 28.60%, 16.66% and 9.52% of all unilateral blindness.Conclusions: Blindness was associated with increasing age. A calculation indicates that among Danes aged 60 to 80 years 7,736 are bilaterally blind and 35,503 suffer from unilateral blindness. This study highlights AMD as the most important cause.
Influence of laser irradiation on endogenous hyaluronan in rabbit iris and aqueous humor
Authors: Koralewska‐Makár Anna , Johnsson Cecilia , Bruun Anitha , Stenevi Ulf , Ehinger Berndt 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To monitor changes of endogenous hyaluronan in the iris tissue and aqueous humor after an isolated trauma to the iris by argon laser irradiation of the anterior surface of the iris.Methods: Iris and aqueous hyaluronan concentrations in rabbit were measured with a radiometric assay at different time points after laser irradiation.Results: Total hyaluronan content in iris tissue increased 3‐fold to a peak concentration of 71–72 μg/g at 1 and 2 days after laser treatment. Aqueous hyaluronan increased to a maximum of about 1.6 μg/ml at 2 h and 12 h after laser irradiation of the iris.Conclusions: The iris tissue responds with increased hyluronan synthesis to an isolated iris argon laser irradiation and it seems to be the most important source of aqueous hyaluronan.
Electroretinogram contact lens electrode with tri‐color light‐emitting diode
Authors: Mizunoya Satoshi , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Arai Mikki , Tahara Kyoji , Hirose Tatsuo 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate a new electroretinogram (ERG) contact lens electrode containing four light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that are used for both stimulus and background light.Methods: The luminance of each LED could be changed independently and used as stimulus light. Red, blue, bright white, and flickering ERGs were recorded in 12 normal subjects and two patients with progressive cone dystrophy. The long‐duration light stimuli separated the on‐ and off‐responses of the ERG. This equipment is not according to the ISCEV standard.Results: The tri‐color LED electrode contact lens can efficiently produce and record ERG responses. Off‐responses were recordable separately from on‐responses by lengthening the stimulus duration.Conclusion: This combined stimulus‐electrode system is compact and portable. Combined with the portable amplifier and the recorder, the ERGs can be recorded easily in an operating room, at patients’ bedsides, and in remote locations away from clinics and hospitals.
Corneal grafting for keratoconus in mentally retarded patients
Authors: Haugen Olav H. , Høvding Gunnar , Eide Geir Egil , Bertelsen Torstein 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:To compare the results of penetrating and non‐penetrating corneal grafting procedures in mentally retarded keratoconus patients.Methods:In the years 1974–2000 41 mentally retarded patients with keratoconus (33 with Down syndrome) were operated with corneal grafting. Mean age at operation was 36.7±10.8 years. Three different surgical procedures were used (no randomization): penetrating keratoplasty (n=16), lamellar keratoplasty (n=5) and epikeratophakia (n=20). In a retrospective study, the non‐penetrating procedures (lamellar keratoplasty and epikeratophakia) were compared to the penetrating keratoplasties with regard to graft survival and frequency of serious complications. Mean follow‐up time of all grafting procedures was 80±58 months.Results:All cases of serious complications (irreversible rejection, wound leakage or perforation) occurred in the penetrating keratoplasty group (p=0.0005). Older age at operation (p=0.011) adversely influenced the frequency of serious complications. Overall five‐year survival was 74.9%. Graft survival was not related to surgical procedure, but rather to age at operation (poorer survival in older age, p=0.012) and degree of retardation (poorer survival in patients with more severe retardation, p=0.051).Conclusions:Because of the safety and low frequency of complications, epikeratophakia is recommended as the grafting procedure of choice in the majority of mentally retarded with keratoconus. In selected cases (good cooperation, age ≤40 years, and a good peripheral corneal thickness) penetrating keratoplasty may be performed, which, if uncomplicated, often will give better functional/optical results.
Optic disc biomorphometry with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph at different reference levels
Authors: Vihanninjoki Kyösti , Burk Reinhard O.W. , Teesalu Pait , Tuulonen Anja , Airaksinen P Juhani 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a confocal scanning laser tomograph that produces high resolution optical section images of the optic disc and central retina. Measurement accuracy and reproducibility is good. Several of the stereometric variables depend on the definition of a reference plane level. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the four different reference levels in terms of their advantages and disadvantages in clinical work.
Methods:
Sixty‐seven randomly chosen eyes belonging to 67 subjects were included in this study. Forty of the eyes were healthy and 27 had glaucoma. The HRT with software versions 1.09 and 1.11 was used to acquire and evaluate topographic measurements of the optic disc. Image analysis was performed at four different reference levels: 320 µm fixed offset reference level (REFd) (version 1.09), an individually determined reference level (REFi), a papillo‐macular reference level (REFm) and a flexible reference level (REFf) (version 1.11). ANOVA was used to determine differences in the topographic parameters between the reference levels.Results: In terms of the healthy eyes, all the variables using different reference levels give rather similar results. However, with advanced glaucoma the measurement values provided with REFd are clearly different to those of the other reference levels. The measurement values using REFm and REFf provide fairly similar results in all clinical groups. REFf indicates the lowest point in the segment between 350° and 356° along the contour line and thus provides the most stable and clinically useful reference level at present.Conclusion: At present, the flexible reference level REFf gives the most reliable and adequate HRT measurement values, both in normal and in glaucomatous eyes.
Detection of orientation‐specific anti‐gp120 antibodies by a new N‐glycanase protection assay
Authors: Gram G. J. , Bolmstedt A. , Schønning K. , Biller M. , Hansen J.‐E. S. , Olofsson S. 
Published: March 2003

Several functions have been assigned to the extensive glycosylation of HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, especially immune escape mechanisms, but the intramolecular interactions between gp120 and its carbohydrate complement are not well understood. To analyse this phenomenon we established a new microwell deglycosylation assay for determining N‐linked glycan accessibility after binding of gp120‐specific agents. Orientation‐specific exposition of gp120 in ELISA microplates was achieved by catching with either anti‐C5 antibody D7324 or anti‐V3 antibody NEA‐9205. We found that soluble CD4 inhibited the deglycosylation of gp120 only when gp120 was caught by D7324 and not by NEA9205. In contrast, antibodies from HIV‐infected individuals inhibited the deglycosylation best when gp120 was caught by NEA9205. These results demonstrated that both the CD4‐binding site and the epitopes recognised by antibodies from HIV‐infected individuals have N‐glycans in the close vicinity. However, the difference in gp120 orientation indicates that antibodies in HIV‐infected individuals, at least partly, bind to epitopes different from the CD4‐binding site.Finally, we determined the structural class of the glycan of one V1 glycosylation site of prototype HIV‐1 LAI gp120, which remained unsolved from previous studies, and found that it belonged to the complex type of glycans.
Comparative effects of quaternary ammonium mouthrinses on 4‐day plaque regrowth
Authors: Moran J. , Addy M. , Jackson R. , Newcombe R. G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Quaternary ammonium compounds constitute a large group of antibacterial chemicals with a potential for inhibiting plaque and gingivitis. One compound, benzalkonium chloride (BC), may be of value, although there is a dearth of evidence to support efficacy. The aim of this study was to measure the ability of 2 BC mouthrinses (0.05% and 0.1%) to inhibit de novo plaque reformation.Method: A 4‐day plaque regrowth model. For comparative purposes, a commercial mouthrinse containing cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) and a positive control chlorhexidine (CX) mouthrinse were also evaluated.Results: Compared to water control, a reduction in plaque scores of 52% was noted for the CX mouthrinse, 22.5% for CPC and 5% and 6% for the 2 BC rinses. For plaque area, reductions of 84%, 47%, 16% and 15% were found for CX, CPC, and the 2 BC rinses, respectively. Significant reductions in plaque area compared to the water rinse were also seen with the 2 BC rinses (p<0.05). However, for both plaque score and plaque area, the CX and CPC rinses significantly reduced plaque compared to the BC rinses (p<0.0001).Conclusions: These findings would suggest that the 2 benzalkonium rinses would only have a limited value at inhibiting plaque formation.
Guided tissue regeneration procedure with bioresorbable membranes versus conventional flap surgery in the treatment of infrabony periodontal defects
Authors: Ratka‐Krüger P. , Neukranz E. , Raetzke P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim:Claims are being made that clinical results of periodontal flap surgery are enchanced when membranes are employed to aid GTR in intrabony pockets. It was the aim of our study to determine whether this assumption was true for a certain bioresorbable membrane (Guidor® Matrix Barrier).Method: 44 intrabony defects were treated in 16 patients. In 21 lesions, conventional flap surgery only was performed, while in 23, similar lesion membranes were placed as an additional treatment task. Results were evaluated over a time span of 12 months.Results: In all surgical areas, treatment resulted in significant improvement of parameters such as attachment levels and probing depths, as well as index values for plaque and bleeding on probing. This occurred whether membranes had been used or not, without any significant differences when comparing the collective results of both treatment groups.Conclusions: Placement of membranes during periodontal surgery for the enhancement of tissue regeneration in intrabony pockets is often both difficult and time consuming. In the light of our clinical results with resorbable membranes, such extra effort seems hardly warranted.
Healing following GTR treatment of bone defects distal to mandibular 2nd molars after surgical removal of impacted 3rd molars
Authors: Karapataki Sofia , Hugoson Anders , Kugelberg Carl F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to study the healing, following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment, of bone defects distal to mandibular 2nd molars (M2s) after surgical removal of impacted mesioangularly or horizontally inclined third molars (M3s) in patients 25 years.Method: 20 patients with bilateral soft tissue impacted M3s were included in the split‐mouth study. The 2 sites to be treated in each patient were randomised before the 1st operation as to which would undergo the test procedure and which would be the control site. After surgical removal of M3 at test sites, a resorbable polylactic acid (PLA) barrier was attached to M2 to cover the post‐surgical bone defect. The flap was then replaced and sutured to cover the barrier. Control sites underwent the same procedure, as did the test sites, with the exception that no barrier was placed. The clinical examinations performed were oral hygiene pre‐ and 12 months postoperatively and probing pocket depth 12 months postoperatively. The alveolar bone level (ABL) at the distal surface of the M2, as determined from radiographs taken at suture removal and 12 months postsurgery, was chosen to be the primary response variable.Results: Most bone defects showed healing up to 10%–20% of the tooth length at both test and control sites. 2 test and 2 control sites showed no improvement in the bone level. The mean values of bone healing registered in mm from the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) were 2.6±2.19 SD and 3.0±2.20 SD for test and control sites, respectively. Different factors affecting the healing result are discussed.