bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominal hydatid disease: long‐term results of percutaneous treatment
Authors: Etlik O. , Arslan H. , Bay A. , Sakarya M. E. , Harman M. , Temizoz O. , Kayan M. , Bakan V. , Unal O. 
Published: June 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous treatment under sonographic guidance in abdominal hydatid cysts. Material and Methods: Fifty‐two hydatid cysts in 33 patients were treated using a percutaneous approach under sonographic guidance. Forty‐five cysts were located in the liver, 6 in the spleen, and 1 in the pancreas. Forty‐nine cysts were type I, and 3 were type II. Thirty‐one cysts in 15 patients were treated with puncture and aspiration of the contents, injection of hypertonic saline solution, and respiration (PAIR); 15 cysts in 14 patients were treated with puncture, aspiration of cyst contents, injection of hypertonic saline solution, drainage, and injection of sclerosing agent (PAIDS); and 6 cysts in 4 patients were treated with puncture, aspiration of cyst contents, injection of sclerosing agent, and re‐aspiration (mPAIDS). Hypertonic saline or alcohol was used as a scolicidal agent. The follow‐up period was between 17 and 53 months. Results: A decrease in the dimensions of the cysts, solidification of the contents, and irregularity in the walls of cysts, all of which were considered signs of cure, were found in all patients. Recurrence was observed in one case and anaphylaxis in one. Conclusion: Percutaneous treatment of abdominal hydatid cysts is a safe, easily applicable, well‐tolerated, and effective method.
Déposition par Pulvé Risation Cathodique Radio Fréquence et Caracté Risation Électronique, Structurale et Optique de Couches Minces du Dioxyde de Titane
Authors: Hafidi K. , Azizan M. , Ijdiyaou Y. , Ameziane E. L. 
Published: June 2004

Deposited titanium oxide thin films are used as optical protector films for several materials and as energy converters for solar cells. In this work, titanium oxide thin films are deposited on c‐Si and glass substrates by reactive radiofrequency sputtering. All the deposits are grown at ambient temperature and the sputtering gas is a mixture of oxygen and argon with an overall pressure of 10−2
mbar. The oxygen partial pressure ratios varies from 5% to 20%.Characterization of deposited films is made by grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXD), grazing incidence X‐ray reflection (GIXR), X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and optical transmission spectroscopy. The characterization results reveal that deposited films of TiO2 are polycrystalline and present both rutile and anatase phases. The chemical composition of raw films in Ti:O ratio is equal to 1:2.02, and the titanium at surface is completely oxidized. In fact, the Ti2p core level behavior shows that the oxidization state of Ti is equal to +4.The specularily reflected intensity according to incidence angle of the X‐ray on TiO2/glass structure shows one critical angle attributed to the TiO2 film equal to 0.283º. This angle value involves film density between rutile and anatase phases. The optical characterization shows that TiO2 thin films obtained are transparent in visible range, and have a refraction index value equal to 2.45 and when extrapolated to infrared range, it is equal to 2.23. The
value of gap energy (3.35 eV) is deduced from variation of absorption coefficient versus incident radiation energy.
Factors affecting apparent prevalence of tuberculosis and brucellosis in wood bison
Authors: Joly Damien O. , Messier François 
Published: June 2004

SummaryBison (Bison bison) abundance in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada, declined from in excess of 10 000 bison in the late 1960s to a low of 2200 bison in the late 1990s.Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) and brucellosis (Brucella abortus), were introduced to Wood Buffalo National Park in the late 1920s. As each of these pathogens have the potential to reduce survival and reproduction in bison, they are suspected to have played a role in the decline in bison abundance.We live‐captured bison for disease testing in February and March of 1997, 1998 and 1999. Forty‐nine percent tested positive for tuberculosis (i.e. were positive on the caudal fold test and/or fluorescent polarization assay,n = 342). Further, 30·9% of bison were seropositive for brucellosis (i.e. agglutinated in the buffered‐plate antigen test and had a titre of 1 : 5 in the complement fixation test or had a titre of ≥ 1 : 10 in the complement fixation test,n = 346). Prevalence for both diseases increased with age and males were more likely to test positive for tuberculosis. Prevalence of either disease did not appear to be directly related to density of bison, as prevalence rates were not greater in the high density Delta population than the lower density Hay Camp and Nyarling River populations.Comparison of our results to previous brucellosis and tuberculosis surveys in Wood Buffalo National Park indicates that prevalence of neither pathogen is a direct function of bison density. These pathogens are endemic within the bison population of the park.
Weather dictates reproductive success and survival in the Australian brown falcon Falco berigora
Authors: G. MDonald Paul , Olsen Penny D. , Cockburn Andrew 
Published: June 2004

Summary

We examined the influence of parental age, pair‐bond duration, prey size and weather conditions on various measures of reproductive success and survival of a sedentary brown falcon (Falco berigora, Vigors & Horsfield) population that was virtually free from predation and human persecution.
Pairs on territories with large prey were more likely to initiate breeding. Females taking larger prey items experienced higher mortality rates when they bred late in the season, whereas those taking smaller prey had a greater probability of survival when laying later in the season − relationships likely linked to opposing seasonal differences in prey availability.
Interannual differences were by far the most influential variable assessed, affecting reproductive success and female survival. Pairs on‐site in the first year of the study were more successful breeders and had greater survival prospects than those present in the latter two seasons. This pattern corresponds strongly to the observed frequency of heavy rain downpours and implicates these events as the main cause of reproductive failure and mortality amongst adult females. These detrimental effects were due probably to an increased chance of chilling, exposure and starvation for chicks and parents alike.
The importance of unpredictable climatic variables in shaping the reproductive success and survival of brown falcons and raptors from other regions indicates that, in the absence of significant nest predation, weather, in this case in the form of heavy rain, may well be the most important ultimate factor influencing long‐term reproductive success in this group.
Pfaffia mosaic virus: a new potyvirus found infecting Pfaffia glomerata in Brazil
Authors: Mota L. D. C. , Della Vecchia M. G. S. , Gioria R. , Kitajima E. W. , Rezende J. A. M. , Camargo L. E. A. , Amorim L. 
Published: June 2004

In Brazil plants of Pfaffia glomerata with mosaic symptoms were found to be infected with a previously undescribed potyvirus, Pfaffia mosaic virus (PfMV). Virus particles were long and flexuous, c. 10 × 700–800 nm, and cylindrical inclusions typical of potyviruses were present in cells of infected tissue. Partial host‐range studies revealed that in addition to P. glomerata, PfMV infected only Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa. It was efficiently transmitted by the aphids Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae. Polyclonal antiserum produced against the PfMV coat protein (CP) reacted with Potato virus Y (PVY), but not with four other potyviruses in PTA‐ELISA. The similarity of the nucleotide sequence of the PfMV coat‐protein gene (CP) varied from 7 to 76% when compared with other members of the family Potyviridae. Similarity of the 3′ NTR sequence varied from 4 to 23%. In both cases the highest similarity was with PVY. These data indicate that PfMV is a new species in the genus Potyvirus.
Variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae in natural populations of Lactuca serriola
Authors: Lebeda A. , Petrželová I. 
Published: June 2004

During 1997–2000 the virulence variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) in natural populations of Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce) were studied. Altogether 139 isolates of B. lactucae originating from the Czech Republic, France and Germany were examined for the presence of 27 virulence factors (v‐factors) and their combinations. In the Czech population, 37 different v‐phenotypes (P1–P37) of B. lactucae were found to occur on L. serriola. Most v‐phenotypes were characterized by v‐factors that match resistance (Dm genes/R‐factors) carried by L. serriola. A wide diversity of v‐phenotypes was recorded every year, but most were rare and did not reappear in other populations of B. lactucae. The three v‐phenotypes P21, P28 and P29 were most frequent and widely distributed. There was variation both between spatially isolated populations and within populations of the pathogen. Geographic differences in virulence were found for the southern parts of Moravia, where the phenotypic composition of pathogen populations was completely different from the remaining part of the area investigated. However, some populations had v‐phenotypes similar to those of spatially distant populations in Moravia.
Phenotypic and genotypic diversity in Phytophthora infestans on potato in Great Britain, 1995–98
Authors: Day J. P. , Wattier R. A. M. , Shaw D. S. , Shattock R. C. 
Published: June 2004

A total of 2691 single‐lesion isolates of Phytophthora infestans was established from samples of late‐blight disease from 354 commercial and garden/allotment sites in Scotland, England and Wales over four growing seasons, 1995–98. The A2 mating type was rare (3·0% of isolates) and was detected at only 34 sites. In vitro tests of sensitivity to the phenylamide fungicide metalaxyl showed that 316 sites yielded isolates with some insensitivity (resistant and/or intermediate); these were more often commercial sites than garden/allotment sites. Over the four seasons, the frequency of isolates with intermediate fungicide sensitivity increased, while the frequency of resistant phenotypes decreased. Resistant isolates were always of A1 mating type. A subset of 1459 isolates from 326 sites was analysed for molecular diversity. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype Ia predominated (91·0% of isolates); haplotype IIa was present at 54 sites and both haplotypes at 33 sites. The multilocus RFLP probe RG57 detected 30 fingerprints. Four fingerprints were particularly common (RF002, RF006, RF039 and RF040) and 10 were unique to a single site in a single year. The three commonest fingerprints (RF039 > RF002 > RF006) were of A1 mating type and the fourth (RF040) was A2. RF002 isolates were resistant to the phenylamide metalaxyl and were more common in Scotland than in England and Wales. Small sample sizes limited the usefulness of estimates of diversity. Although approximately half of all sites appeared to be colonized by RF039 genotypes, some sites (both commercial and garden/allotment) showed a higher diversity, having both common and unique genotypes. The genotypic diversity within isolates collected from commercial sites and those from garden/allotment sites were similar. The contributions of sexual reproduction and alternatives to sex to the generation of variation are discussed.
Interaction of spatially separated Pratylenchus penetrans and Verticillium dahliae on potato measured by impaired photosynthesis
Authors: Rotenberg D. , MacGuidwin A. E. , Saeed I. A. M. , Rouse D. I. 
Published: June 2004

Experiments were conducted under growth‐chamber conditions to determine if Pratylenchus penetrans systemically alters light use efficiency (LUE) of Russet Burbank potato infected by Verticillium dahliae. Pathogen separation was achieved by inoculating potato roots with the nematode prior to injecting fungal conidia into the stem vasculature. Treatments were P. penetrans alone, V. dahliae alone, nematode and fungus together, and a no‐pathogen control. Gas exchange was repeatedly and nondestructively measured on the fifth‐youngest leaf with a Li‐Cor LI‐6200 portable photosynthesis system. By 16 and 20 days after stem injection with the fungus, LUE was synergistically impaired in jointly infected plants. Transpiration in plants infected with both pathogens was significantly reduced. However, the combined effect of nematode and fungus was synergistic in one experiment and additive in the other. Stems were destructively harvested when LUE was synergistically impaired. Coinfected potato plants contained more colony‐forming units (CFU) of V. dahliae in stem sap than those infected by the fungus alone in one experiment. Evidence is provided that infection of Russet Burbank roots by P. penetrans systemically affects disease physiology associated with stem vascular infection by V. dahliae. The findings indicate that the role of the nematode in the fungus/host interaction is more than simply to facilitate extravascular and/or vascular entry of the fungus into potato roots.
Relationship between incidence and severity of cashew gummosis in semiarid north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Cardoso J. E. , Santos A. A. , Rossetti A. G. , Vidal J. C. 
Published: June 2004

The incidence–severity relationship for cashew gummosis, caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, was studied to determine the feasibility of using disease incidence to estimate indirectly disease severity in order to establish the potential damage caused by this disease in semiarid north‐eastern Brazil. Epidemics were monitored in two cashew orchards, from 1995 to 1998 in an experimental field composed of 28 dwarf clones, and from 2000 to 2002 in a commercial orchard of a single clone. The two sites were located 10 km from each other. Logarithmic transformation achieved the best linear adjustment of incidence and severity data as determined by coefficients of determination for place, age and pooled data. A very high correlation between incidence and severity was found in both fields, with different disease pressures, different cashew genotypes, different ages and at several epidemic stages. Thus, the easily assessed gummosis incidence could be used to estimate gummosis severity levels.
Occurrence and survival of potato scab pathogens (Streptomyces species) on tuber lesions: quick diagnosis based on a PCR‐based assay
Authors: Lehtonen M. J. , Rantala H. , Kreuze J. F. , Bång H. , Kuisma L. , Koski P. , Virtanen E. , Vihlman K. , Valkonen J. P. T. 
Published: June 2004

A time‐saving and cost‐effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method was developed for species‐specific detection of the scab pathogens (Streptomyces scabies and S. turgidiscabies) prevalent in potato (Solanum tuberosum) in northern Scandinavia. Species specificity of primers was verified using a collection of previously characterized Streptomyces strains isolated from potato scab lesions in Finland and Sweden. A total of 1245 scab lesions was tested from potato cvs Matilda and Sabina grown in the field in two geographic regions of Finland in 2000 and 2001. Freshly harvested or stored potato tubers were incubated at room temperature (18–21°C) under humid conditions for a few days. Bacterial growth was collected from scab lesions for DNA isolation and PCR. The two scab pathogens were detected in the same potato fields, tubers and scab lesions. The relative incidence of S. scabies was high in freshly harvested tubers but was much lower than that of S. turgidiscabies following storage. Both pathogens were seed‐transmitted in Matilda and Sabina after 24 weeks of storage at 4°C.
Effect of light duration on severity of black dot caused by Colletotrichum coccodes on potato
Authors: Tsror (Lahkim) L. 
Published: June 2004

The effect of light duration on potato black dot was examined in plants grown under controlled conditions and in plantlets in tissue culture. A short‐day (SD) photoperiod of 8 h light enhanced disease levels caused by Colletotrichum coccodes compared with a long‐day (LD) photoperiod of 16 h light. Four cultivars (Agria, Cara, Désirée and Nicola) exhibited higher disease levels under SD conditions. Fungal colonization rates, level of sclerotia on roots, and crown rot symptoms were significantly higher under SD conditions in all cultivars. Parameters related to plant development (height and shoot weight) were reduced in plants grown under SD conditions in all cultivars tested, regardless of inoculation with the fungus. Similar results were also obtained with tissue‐culture plantlets of cvs Cara, Désirée, Nicola and Alpha grown in an aseptic system under SD and LD conditions. Fungal colonization indices, level of sclerotia on roots, and crown rot symptoms on inoculated plantlets were significantly more severe in all cultivars tested when grown under SD conditions. Plant height and shoot weight of cvs Cara, Désirée and Nicola were significantly affected by both day length and inoculation with C. coccodes, with inoculated plantlets being shorter and smaller under SD conditions. These findings support the hypothesis that light duration plays an important role in C. coccodes infection, and may be one of the major factors responsible for the severe expression of black dot and yield losses observed in the Israeli autumn season, as may also occur in other potato‐production areas in the Mediterranean region.
Growth‐ and leaf‐temperature effects on photosynthesis of sweet orange seedlings infected with Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Ribeiro R. V. , Machado E. C. , Oliveira R. F. 
Published: June 2004

The effects of growth and leaf temperature on photosynthesis were evaluated in sweet orange seedlings (Citrus sinensis cv. Pera) infected with Xylella fastidiosa (the bacterium that causes citrus variegated chlorosis, CVC). Measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were taken at leaf temperatures of 25, 30, 35 and 40°C in healthy and infected (without visible symptoms) seedlings submitted to two temperature regimes (25/20 or 35/20°C, day/night), not simultaneously. The CO2 assimilation rates (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) were higher in healthy plants in both temperature regimes. Values for A and gs of infected and healthy plants were higher in the 35/20°C regime, decreasing with leaf temperature increase. In addition, differences between healthy and infected plants were higher at 35/20°C, while no differences in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were observed except for potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II, which was higher in infected plants. Low A values in infected plants were caused by low gs and probably by biochemical damage to photosynthesis. The high alternative electron sink of infected plants was another effect of reduced A. Both high growth and high leaf temperatures increased differences in A between healthy and infected plants. Therefore this feature may be partially responsible for lower growth and/or productivity of CVC‐affected plants in regions with high air temperature.
Effect of environmental factors and Sclerotium cepivorum isolate on sclerotial degradation and biological control of white rot by Trichoderma
Authors: Clarkson J. P. , Mead A. , Payne T. , Whipps J. M. 
Published: June 2004

Laboratory assays demonstrated that two isolates of Trichoderma viride and one isolate of Trichoderma pseudokoningii degraded up to 80% of sclerotia of four isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum in a silty clay soil, and also degraded up to 60% of sclerotia in three other soil types. Relationships were defined between the degree of sclerotial degradation by the two T. viride isolates in the silty clay soil and both temperature and soil water potential. Sclerotia were degraded between 10 and 25°C at −0·00012 MPa, but there was little activity of T. viride at 5°C or at −4 MPa. Degradation of S. cepivorum sclerotia also occurred in the absence of Trichoderma at soil water potentials approaching saturation. Experiments using onion seedling bioassays showed that the efficacy of Trichoderma isolates for the control of white rot using the same selection of soils and S. cepivorum isolates was variable, but that there was significant disease control overall. The importance of environmental factors and pathogen isolate in relation to effective biological control of white rot is discussed.
DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVES AS ASSESSED BY TISSUE DOPPLER; RELATION TO MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES
Authors: Nadar S. , Tayebjee M. , Lip G.Y. 
Published: June 2004

Objectives: To assess the severity of diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients as compared to normal controls and correlate it with plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Methods: 52 patients with controlled hypertension (HT) (38 male, age 57+ 11 yrs) and 24 normotensive controls 15 male, mean age 53+ 12 years) had tissue doppler echocardiography to assess diastolic dysfunction (e′ and e′/e ratios). They also had plasma MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 measured. Results: The HT patients had significantly lower e′ and higher e′/e ratios as compared to normotensive controls. They also had higher MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 values. There was a significant inverese correlation between MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 with e′ and a significant positive correlation between the MMPs and e′/e ratio. THe e/a ratios as assessed by pulse wave doppler were also higher in the controls than the hypertensive patients suggesting abnormal diastolic function. Conclusions: There is significant diastolic dysfunction even in controlled hypertensives which can be assessed by tissue doppler. This newer technique compares favourably with established methods such as e/a ratio. The tissue doppler indices also correlate well with abnormalities in the matrix metalloproteinases suggesting that abnormal matrix turnover is responsible for the diastolic dysfunction.
EFFECT OF PARAPROSTHETIC MODERETE TO SEVERE MITRAL REGURGITATION ON EMBOLIC EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVES
Authors: Cevik C. , Izgi C. , Özveren O. , Özdemir N. , Kaymaz C. , Özkan M. 
Published: June 2004

Thromboembolism is the major chronic risk for patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. Although optimal oral anticoagulantion is the key determinant for embolic events (EE) in these patients; other factors also contribute to this complication. We studied the prevalence and determinants of embolic events in patients with mitral prosthetic heart valves undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). 210 patients (86 male and 124 female, mean age 45.1 +/− 9.6 years) underwent a TEE study for evaluation of prosthetic valve functions. Clinical and TEE findings of the patients were as follows: Atrial fibrillation in 132 (%62) patients, prosthetic valve thrombus in 55 (%26) suboptimal INR (INR < 1.8) in 61 (%29) pts, left atrial spontenous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) in 31 (%14) patients, paraprosthetic moderete‐severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in 28 (%13), left atrial (LA) and/or left atrial appendix (LAA) thrombus in 41 (%19), LA and/or LAA outflow velocities <0.25 m/sn in 21 patiens (%10), left atrial diameter >6 cm in 47 (%22). 72 patients had a history of EE in the previous 6 months (%34). In no patients were there any EE in the presence of paraprosthetic moderate to severe MR. Both with univariate and multivariate analysis presence of prosthetic valve and LA and/or LAA thrombus, absence of paraprosthetic moderete‐severe MR, suboptimal INR, atrial fibrillation were found to be independent predictors for embolic events. Conclusions: Although the presence of prosthetic valve and LA and/or LAA thrombus, suboptimal INR, and AF predict EE, clinical and echocardiographic data support the protective effect of paraprosthetic moderate to severe MR against EE in pts with mitral prosthetic valves.