bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the 3‐phosphoglycerate kinase gene (PGK1) from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: de Almeida João Ricardo Moreira , de Moraes Lídia Maria Pepe , Torres Fernando Araripe Gonçalves 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe report the cloning of the 3‐phosphoglycerate kinase gene (PGK1) from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris by a PCR approach. The coding sequence of the PGK1 gene comprises 1251 bp with the potential to encode a polypeptide of 416 amino acid residues, which shows high identity to homologous proteins from other yeasts. The promoter region of this gene (PPGK1) contains regulatory cis‐elements found in other PGK1 genes, such as TATA box, CT‐rich block and a heat shock element. In the 3′ downstream region we identified a tripartite element 5′‐TAG–TAGT–TTT‐3′, which is supposed to be important for transcription termination. As in other yeasts, the PGK1 gene from P. pastoris is present as a single‐copy gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene is transcribed as a 1.5 kb mRNA; when cells are grown on glucose the levels of this mRNA are increased two‐fold in comparison to cells grown on glycerol. The transcriptional regulation of this gene by the carbon source was further confirmed when the α‐amylase gene from Bacillus subtilis was placed under the control of PPGK1: higher levels of expression were obtained when cells were grown on glucose as compared to glycerol and methanol. Preliminary results related to the strength of PPGK1 show that it represents a potential alternative to constitutive heterologous expression in P. pastoris. The sequence of the gene has been deposited in GenBank under Accession No. AY288296. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating internal and external dispersal in metacommunity assembly: preliminary theoretical analyses
Authors: Fukami Tadashi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractInternal dispersal, which occurs among local communities within a metacommunity, and external dispersal, which supplies immigrants from outside the metacommunity, can both have a major impact on species diversity. However, few studies have considered the two simultaneously. Here I report preliminary computer‐simulation results to suggest that internal and external dispersal can interact to influence species richness. Specifically, the results show that internal dispersal did not affect species richness under frequent external dispersal, whereas it enhanced richness in local communities while decreasing richness in metacommunities under infrequent external dispersal. Conversely, external dispersal influenced species richness in local communities more greatly in the absence of internal dispersal than in its presence, while external dispersal did not affect richness in metacommunities regardless of internal dispersal. Furthermore, internal and external dispersal interactively determined the importance of community assembly history in generating and maintaining variation in local community structure. Overall, these results suggest that the two dispersal types can reciprocally provide the context in which each affects species diversity and therefore that their effects cannot be understood in isolation of the other.
Elephants of a Feather? The Role of ‘Justice’ in Canadian and American Cold War Military Interventions
Authors: Butler Michael J. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.The polities of Canada and the United States are purportedly engaged in the process of value convergence; however, with regard to the legitimacy of foreign military intervention, divergence seems a more apt characterization. This research explores whether the current discord between Canada and the US reflects an aberration, or a realization of entrenched normative differences, over what justifies the use of military force. A series of regression models tests the hypothesis that justice considerations prompted the military interventions of both the US and Canada during the Cold War. The results herein fail to confirm this hypothesis, and in the process highlight the ways in which each country employed ‘justice’ selectively in the service of broader foreign policy objectives.Résumé.Les constitutions politiques des États-Unis et du Canada sont supposées tendre vers des valeurs communes; cependant, en ce qui concerne la reconnaissance de la légitimité des interventions militaires à l'étranger, la divergence semble être une caractérisation plus juste. Cette recherche explore si le désaccord actuel entre les États-Unis et le Canada reflète une certaine aberration ou la réalisation de différences profondément ancrées, concernant la justification de l'utilisation de la force militaire. Une série de modèles régressifs teste l'hypothèse selon laquelle des considérations de justice ont provoqué les interventions militaires des États-Unis et du Canada durant la guerre froide. Les résultats infirment cette hypothèse, et soulignent, en même temps, les façons dont chacun des deux pays a employé la “ justice ” de manière sélective pour servir des objectifs plus vastes de politique extérieure.
Leadership and Uncertainty in Fiscal Restructuring: Ralph Klein and Roy Romanow
Authors: de Clercy Cristine 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.In the literature on leadership, the Certainty Axiom holds that leaders exercise leadership through reassuring uncertain citizens. It is thought that policy entrepreneurs particularly must supply much certainty to lead people to adopt new policies. A new theory—the Strategic Manipulation of Uncertainty (SMU) model—challenges this axiom. Its propositions hold that political leaders may strategically address public uncertainty to secure specific objectives. Risk-averse, traditional (“transactional”) leaders communicate more certainty, and less uncertainty, than their transformational counterparts. Risk-acceptant, entrepreneurial (“transformational”) leaders supply less certainty, and more uncertainty, than their transactional counterparts. Testing these hypotheses through analyzing the public speeches of Saskatchewan Premier Roy Romanow and Alberta Premier Ralph Klein supports the SMU model. As a transactional leader, Premier Romanow communicated more certainty, and less uncertainty, than Premier Klein. Premier Klein communicated less certainty, and more uncertainty, than Premier Romanow. The results challenge the utility of the Certainty Axiom and suggest that leaders address citizens' uncertainty strategically, increasing it or reducing it, in pursuit of particular policy objectives.Résumé.Dans la littérature sur le leadership, l'axiome de la certitude stipule que les dirigeants exercent leur leadership en réassurant les citoyens incertains. On considère que les initiateurs de politiques publiques en particulier doivent transmettre beaucoup de certitude pour convaincre le public d'adopter de nouvelles politiques. Une nouvelle théorie—le modèle de la Manipulation stratégique de l'incertitude—remet en question cet axiome. Ce modèle propose que les dirigeants politiques puissent s'adresser stratégiquement à l'incertitude du public afin d'atteindre des objectifs spécifiques. Les dirigeants traditionnels, prenant peu de risques (“ transactionnels ”), communiquent plus de certitude, et moins d'incertitude, tandis que les dirigeants prenant des risques, entreprenant (“ transformationnels ”), offrent moins de certitude et plus d'incertitude. Ces hypothèses sont testées en analysant les discours publics du Premier Ministre de la Saskatchewan, Roy Romanow et du Premier Ministre de l'Alberta, Ralph Klein. Ceci confirme le modèle. En tant que dirigeant “ transactionnel ”, Roy Romanow était plus rassurant que son homologue, Ralph Klein, en ce qui concerne la restructuration fiscale. Les résultats contestent l'utilité de l'axiome de la certitude et suggèrent que les dirigeants entreprenants peuvent bénéficier de l'incertitude des citoyens.
Shifting Boundaries: Aboriginal Identity, Pluralist Theory and the
Politics of Self-Government
Authors: Dacks Gurston 
Published: July 2005

Shifting Boundaries: Aboriginal Identity, Pluralist Theory and the
Politics of Self-Government, Tim Schouls., Vancouver: UBC Press 2003, pp.
xiv, 224This fine, taut contribution to the sprawling literature on
Aboriginality, identity and self-government in Canada begins with a
critique of what Schouls terms the “difference approach.” This
approach sees the vigour of Aboriginal communal culture as fundamental to
the wellbeing of Aboriginal individuals and nations, and accordingly, the
retention of cultural traits as a basic goal of Aboriginal politics.
Horizontalité et gestion publique.
Authors: Workman Carole 
Published: July 2005

Horizontalité et gestion publique., Jacques Bourgault (sous la
direction de), Québec : Les Presses de l'Université
Laval, 2002, 355 p.Le livre “ Horizontalité et gestion publique ” par
Jacques Bourgault a pour objectif de démontrer que la gestion
horizontale peut prendre diverses formes et évoluer
différemment selon les intervenants, la nature du projet,
l'animation du projet et maints autres facteurs. Ce livre peut se
diviser en trois parties. La première partie présente une
analyse de la gestion horizontale, son émergence et son
évolution, ses différences par rapport à la gestion
de projet et la gestion matricielle, ses étapes dans
l'évolution d'un projet, ses avantages et, finalement,
les questions qui demeurent sans réponses. La deuxième
partie analyse treize projets à gestion horizontale. Chaque projet
fait appel à plusieurs départements ou ministères
fédéraux et démontre l'optimisation du rapport
entre l'allocation de ressources, les contraintes et les objectifs.
L'analyse des projets et la rédaction du rapport correspondant
furent dirigées par un chercheur responsable. Le titre de chacun
des rapports ainsi que le nom du chercheur-auteur sont comme suit :
A Geographical Information System (GIS) study of Triassic vertebrate biochronology
Authors: RAYFIELD E. J. , BARRETT P. M. , McDONNELL R. A. , WILLIS K. J. 
Published: July 2005

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been applied extensively to analyse spatial data relating to varied environmental issues, but have not so far been used to address biostratigraphical or macroevolutionary questions over extended spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use GIS techniques to test the stability, validity and utility of proposed Middle and Late Triassic ‘Land Vertebrate Faunachrons’ (LVFs), a global biostratigraphical framework based upon terrestrial/freshwater tetrapod occurrences. A database of tetrapod and megafloral localities was constructed for North America and Western Europe that also incorporated information on relevant palaeoenvironmental variables. This database was subjected to various spatial analysis techniques. Our GIS analysis found support at a global level for Eocyclotosaurus as an Anisian index taxon and probably Aetosaurus as a Norian indicator. Other tetrapod taxa are useful biostratigraphical/biochronological markers on a regional basis, such as Longosuchus and Doswellia for Late Carnian time. Other potential index fossils are hampered, however, by taxonomic instability (Mastodonsaurus, Metoposaurus, Typothorax, Paleorhinus, Pseudopalatus, Redondasaurus, Redondasuchus) and/or are not clearly restricted in temporal distribution (Paleorhinus, Angistorhinus, Stagonolepis, Metoposaurus and Rutiodon). This leads to instability in LVF diagnosis. We found only in the western Northern Hemisphere is there some evidence for an Anisian–Ladinian biochronological unit amalgamating the Perovkan and Berdyankian LVFs, and a possible late Carnian unit integrating the Otischalkian and Adamanian.Megaplants are generally not useful for biostratigraphical correlation in the Middle and Upper Triassic of the study area, but there is some evidence for a Carnian-age floral assemblage that corresponds to the combined Otischalkian and Adamanian LVFs. Environmental biases do not appear to strongly affect the spatial distribution of either the tetrapods or megaplants that have been proposed as index taxa in biostratigraphical schemes, though several examples of apparent environmental bias were detected by the analysis. Consequently, we argue that further revision and refinement of Middle and Late Triassic LVFs is needed before they can be used to support global or multi-regional biostratigraphical correlations. Caution should therefore be exercised when using the current scheme as a platform for macroevolutionary or palaeoecological hypotheses. Finally, this study demonstrates the potential of GIS as a powerful tool for tackling palaeontological questions over extended timescales.
Does the addition of cognitive behavioral therapy improve panic disorder treatment outcome relative to medication alone in the primary-care setting?
Authors: CRASKE MICHELLE G. , GOLINELLI DANIELA , STEIN MURRAY B. , ROY-BYRNE PETER , BYSTRITSKY ALEXANDER , SHERBOURNE CATHY 
Published: July 2005

Background.Randomized clinical trials indicate a benefit from combining medications with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) relative to medication alone for panic disorder. Using an as-treated analysis, we evaluated whether the addition of CBT enhanced outcomes for panic disorder relative to medications alone in the primary-care setting.Method.Primary-care patients with panic disorder reported on their receipt of CBT and medications over the 3 months following baseline assessment. The degree to which outcomes for those who used anti-panic medications were enhanced by the receipt of at least one component of CBT was analyzed using a propensity score model that took into account observable baseline patient characteristics influencing both treatment selection and outcomes.Results.The addition of CBT resulted in statistically and clinically significant improvements at 3 months on anxiety sensitivity, social avoidance, and disability. Also, patients receiving CBT in the first 3 months of the study were more improved at 12 months than patients who took medications only during the first 3 months of the study.Conclusions.The clinical utility of the findings are discussed in terms of the importance of primary-care physicians encouraging their panic disorder patients to receive CBT as well as medications.
A global compactness result for singular elliptic problems involving critical Sobolev exponent
Authors: Cao Daomin , Peng Shuangjie 
Published: July 2005

Let

Ω
⊂

R
N

\Omega \subset R^N

be a bounded domain such that

0
∈
Ω
,
N
≥
3
,

2
∗

=

2
N

N
−
2

,
λ
∈
R
,
ϵ
∈
R

0 \in \Omega , N \geq 3,2^*=\frac {2N}{N-2},\lambda \in R, \epsilon \in R

. Let

{

u
n

}
⊂

H
0
1

(
Ω
)

\{u_n\}\subset H_0^1(\Omega )

be a (P.S.) sequence of the functional

E

λ
,
ϵ

(
u
)
=

1
2

∫

Ω

(

|

∇
u

|

2

−

λ

u
2

|

x

|

2

−
ϵ

u
2

)
−

1

2
∗

∫

Ω

|

u

|

2
∗

E_{\lambda ,\epsilon }(u)=\frac {1}{2}\int _{\Omega }(|\nabla u|^{2}-\frac {\lambda u^2}{|x|^2}-\epsilon u^2)-\frac {1}{2^*}\int _{\Omega } |u|^{2^*}

. We study the limit behaviour of

u
n

u_n

and obtain a global compactness result.
Some remarks on Liouville type results for quasilinear elliptic equations
Authors: Dancer E. , Du Yihong 
Published: July 2005

For a wide class of nonlinearities

f
(
u
)

f(u)

satisfying
\[

f
(
0
)
=
f
(
a
)
=
0

,

f
(
u
)
>
0

in

(
0
,
a
)

and

f
(
u
)
>
0

in

(
a
,
∞
)

,

\mbox { $f(0)=f(a)=0$, $f(u)>0$ in $(0,a)$ and $f(u)>0$ in $(a,\infty )$,}

\]
we show that any nonnegative solution of the quasilinear equation

−

Δ
p

u
=
f
(
u
)

-\Delta _p u= f(u)

over the entire

R

N

\mathbb {R}^N

must be a constant. Our results improve or complement some recently obtained Liouville type theorems. In particular, we completely answer a question left open by Du and Guo.
Nonvanishing of Fourier coefficients of modular forms
Authors: Alkan Emre 
Published: July 2005

Let

f
=

∑

n
=
1

∞

a
f

(
n
)

q
n

f=\sum _{n=1}^\infty a_f(n)q^n

be a cusp form with integer weight

k
≥
2

k\ge 2

that is not a linear combination of forms with complex multiplication. For

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

, let
\[

i
f

(
n
)
:=
max
{
i
:

a
f

(
n
+
j
)
=
0

for all

0
≤
j
≤
i

}
.

i_f(n):=\max \{i:a_f(n+j)=0\quad \text {for all $0\le j\le i$}\}.

\]
Improving on work of Balog, Ono, and Serre we show that

i
f

(
n
)

≪

f
,
ϕ

ϕ
(
n
)

i_f(n)\ll _{f,\phi }\phi (n)

for almost all

n
n

, where

ϕ
(
x
)

\phi (x)

is any good function (e.g. such as

log
⁡
log
⁡
(
x
)

\log \log (x)

) monotonically tending to infinity with

x
x

. Using a result of Fouvry and Iwaniec, if

f
f

is a weight 2 cusp form for an elliptic curve without complex multiplication, then we show for all

n
n

that

i
f

(
n
)

≪

f
,
ε

n

69
169

+
ε

i_f(n)\ll _{f,\varepsilon } n^{\frac {69}{169}+\varepsilon }

. We also obtain conditional results depending on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and the Lang-Trotter Conjecture.
On the mod 𝑝 cohomology of 𝐵𝑃𝑈(𝑝)
Authors: Vavpetič Aleš , Viruel Antonio 
Published: July 2005

We study the mod

p
p

cohomology of the classifying space of the projective unitary group

P
U
(
p
)

PU(p)

. We first prove that conjectures due to J.F. Adams and Kono and Yagita (1993) about the structure of the mod

p
p

cohomology of the classifying space of connected compact Lie groups hold in the case of

P
U
(
p
)

PU(p)

. Finally, we prove that the classifying space of the projective unitary group

P
U
(
p
)

PU(p)

is determined by its mod

p
p

cohomology as an unstable algebra over the Steenrod algebra for

p
>
3

p>3

, completing previous work by Dwyer, Miller and Wilkerson (1992) and Broto and Viruel (1998) for the cases

p
=
2
,
3

p=2,3

.
DEPD: a novel database for differentially expressed proteins
Authors: He Quan-Yuan , Cao Jing , Liu Xiang-Hua , Li Miao-Xin , Liu Yi-Song , Xie Jin-Yun , Liang Song-Ping 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSummary: The Differentially Expressed Protein Database was designed to store the output of comparative proteomics studies and provides a publicly available query and analysis platform for data mining. The database contains information about more than 3000 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) manually extracted from the published literature, including relevant biological, experimental and methodological elements. Tools for visualization and functional analysis of DEPs are provided via a user-friendly webinterface.Availability: http://protchem.hunnu.edu.cn/depd/Contact: liangsp@hunnu.edu.cn
A tractable probabilistic model for Affymetrix probe-level analysis across multiple chips
Authors: Liu Xuejun , Milo Marta , Lawrence Neil D. , Rattray Magnus 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Motivation: Affymetrix GeneChip® arrays are currently the most widely used microarray technology. Many summarization methods have been developed to provide gene expression levels from Affymetrix probe-level data. Most of the currently popular methods do not provide a measure of uncertainty for the expression level of each gene. The use of probabilistic models can overcome this limitation. A full hierarchical Bayesian approach requires the use of computationally intensive MCMC methods that are impractical for large datasets. An alternative computationally efficient probabilistic model, mgMOS, uses Gamma distributions to model specific and non-specific binding with a latent variable to capture variations in probe affinity. Although promising, the main limitations of this model are that it does not use information from multiple chips and does not account for specific binding to the mismatch (MM) probes.
Results: We extend mgMOS to model the binding affinity of probe-pairs across multiple chips and to capture the effect of specific binding to MM probes. The new model, multi-mgMOS, provides improved accuracy, as demonstrated on some bench-mark datasets and a real time-course dataset, and is much more computationally efficient than a competing hierarchical Bayesian approach that requires MCMC sampling. We demonstrate how the probabilistic model can be used to estimate credibility intervals for expression levels and their log-ratios between conditions.
Availability: Both mgMOS and the new model multi-mgMOS have been implemented in an R package, which is available at http://www.bioinf.man.ac.uk/resources/puma
Contact: magnus@cs.man.ac.uk
Invasive and native Rhododendron ponticum populations: is there evidence for genotypic differences in germination and growth?
Authors: Erfmeier Alexandra , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: July 2005

Previous studies have shown that the invasive spread of Rhododendron ponticum in the British Isles is influenced by the more favourable environmental conditions in the new territory than in the species’ home range. In this study, we asked whether the species’ invasion success might also involve a genotypic background for higher growth and germination rates in invasive populations. We tested the hypotheses that invasive populations have higher absolute germination rates, germinate faster and exhibit higher growth rates. We present data from greenhouse and climate chamber experiments with seed material and Rhododendron cuttings from six populations each of native Georgian, native Spanish and invasive Irish populations subjected to different temperature environments.There were no differences in the maximum germination rate and optimum germination temperature between native and invasive origins. We found significant differences in germination velocity with the Irish seeds responding most rapidly to all germination treatments. Accordingly, in the growth experiment the invasive Irish origins had the highest relative growth rates in all environments tested.Our results provide evidence for a genetic shift in invasive populations towards an increased investment in growth and towards a faster germination rate. Both traits would contribute to explaining this species’ range expansion. The underlying evolutionary mechanisms for this shift are discussed, including the possibility of hybridisation or of an ecological release from hitherto experienced constraints in the native area.
A phylogeny of extant penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes) combining morphology and mitochondrial sequences
Authors: Bertelli Sara , Giannini Norberto P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships among the penguins have received little attention, despite their well‐known anatomy and the conspicuous nature of the group. Previous attempts have included datasets limited to few, mostly osteological characters, and one study was based on integumentary and breeding characters. We developed a morphological matrix comprising 159 morphological characters of osteology (70 characters), myology (15), digestive tract (1), integument (66), and breeding (7 characters), scored in 18 extant forms (all currently recognized species plus one distinct subspecies). A gaviiform was placed at the root, and 11 species of representative procellariiform groups completed the outgroup. A heuristic parsimony analysis under equal weights was performed. We also compiled DNA sequences available in GenBank for the mitochondrial genes 12S rDNA and cytochrome b. We included the two data partitions in a combined analysis under direct optimization. Both analyses recovered the monophyly of Sphenisciformes and all the traditional polytypic genera. Morphological characters performed optimally at the ordinal and generic nodes, also providing resolution and varying degrees of support at supra‐ and intrageneric nodes. The comparison of molecular and morphological results indicated that the most significant problem in the phylogeny of extant penguins is rooting the ingroup. The mutual interaction of molecular and morphological data decreases the ambiguity regarding the placement of the root, and provides a resolved, relatively well‐supported phylogeny of extant penguins. Biogeographical patterns based on breeding ranges and derived from the combined analysis show that the major intercontinental vicariance events detected are consistent with cold marine current patterns of the Southern Hemisphere.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.