bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IM7/LARCTM-IA polyimide composites
Authors: Hou T H , Johnston N J , St Clair T L 
Published: August 2002

LARCTM-IA (Langley Research Center-Improved Adhesive) aromatic polyimide, based on oxydiphthalic anhydride and 3.4'-oxydianiline, was evaluated as a matrix for high-performance composites. Six poly(amide acid)solutions in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), end-capped with phthalic anhydride to various theoretical molecular weights, were synthesized and their molecular weights and molecular weight distributions determined, Importantly, high concentrations of low-molecular-weight species were found in all the offset compositions. Except for the 1% offset polymer, all fully imidized films failed a solvent resistance test which involved immersion in acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, dimethylacetamide and chloroform for 1 min followed by a fingernail crease. Unidirectional prepreg was fabricated from each of the six resins by both standard drum winding procedures and the LARC multipurpose prepreg machine. The consolidation cycle developed previously for IM7/LARCTM-ITPI composites was found to be equally applicable for IM7/LARCTM-IA composites since both materials are similar and were prepared in and prepregged from NMP. An optimal end-capped resin composition was identified (4% stoichiometric imbalance) by using, as a screening tool, initial composite mechanical properties (short-beam shear strength, longitudinal flexural strength and flexural modulus) at room temperature, 93, 150 and 177°C. Composite engineering properties for the 4% offset composition were obtained, including longitudinal tension, transverse flexural, longitudinal compression, interlaminar shear, short block compression, open hole compression and compression strength after impact. Notably, the CAI strength was 303.2 MPa (44 Ksi) showing that the LARCTM-IA composites have good damage tolerance. A minor modification of LARCTM-IA polymer backbone which did not alter the consolidation cycle, designated as LARCTM-IAX, improved solvent resistance measurably. Mechanical properties of IM7/LARCTM-IAX composites were shown to be comparable to those exhibited by the baseline IM7/LARCTM-IA composites.
Study of the polymerization of high-performance polymers by electrons and x-rays: 2. The case of bismaleimide/N-vinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Grenier-Loustalot Marie-Florence , Denizot Vincent , Beziers Daniel 
Published: August 2002

In the context of radiation-induced polymerization of bismaleimide monomers, we have investigated the polymerization mechanisms and kinetics of a bismaleimide/vinyl-pyrrolidone system. Several parameters were considered, including the type of dose (electrons or x-rays), power, presence of a catalyst and the carbon fibre filler. To this end, we developed a methodology based on physicochemical studies by infrared absorption spectroscopy and solid state 3CNMR (CP-MAS) in order to quantify the chemical species created or residuals in the cross-linked network. The results (progression of the reaction and structure of the network formed) were correlated with thermal behaviour and compared with those obtained by thermal polymerization. Using an optimized formulation, we determined the thermal and mechanical properties of these radiation-polymerized prepolymers and composites.
Thermotropic copolyesters from phenylhydroquinone, hydroquinone, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid
Authors: Inoue Toshihide , Yamanaka Toru , Tabata Norikazu , Okita Shigeru 
Published: August 2002

Copolyesters from phenylhydroquinone (Ph-HQ), hydroquinone (HQ), 4.4'diphenyldicarboxylic acid (BB) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) were prepared and their thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. As-spun fibres and injection moulded specimens from Ph-HQ/BB,'HBA exhibited low moduli. whereas those from Ph-HQHQ/BB/HBA exhibited high moduli probably due to the high packing density of the polymer chain caused by incorporation of HQ structural unLts. Although the modulus of as-spun fibres from Ph-HQ'BBHBA did not correlate with the number of HBA units, the modulus of injection moulded specimens decreased with increase in the number of HBA units. It is most likely that rigidity of the polymer chain was reduced by incorporation of HBA units. Thus, packing density and rigidity of the polymer chain seem to be influential factors in determining the modulus of injection moulded specimens.
Blends of Aromatic Polysulphones and Alkene Terephthalate Polymers: Compatibilization with Polyhydroxyether of Bisphenol-A
Authors: Mascia L , Martin L H 
Published: August 2002

An experimental study was carried out to examine the compatibilizing effect of phenoxy resin for blends of aromatic polysulphones and polyalkylene terephthalates. Dynamic mechanical spectra did not reveal relaxation peaks associated with the phenoxy phase, while the relaxation peaks associated with the glass transition temperatures of the polyester and polysulphone phases were closer to each other than for the corresponding individual polymers, confirming that the phenoxy was totally dissolved in the two main polymer phases. Whereas the blends containing the butylene terephthalate polymers (homopolymer and block copolymer) exhibited a co-continuous two-phase morphology even at high concentrations of polysulphone, those based on polyethylene terephthalate revealed the presence of discrete particles. These two types of morphologies gave rise to large differences in mechanical properties and solvent resistance. The best properties were obtained with the systems characterized by a co-continuous two-phase morphology. Moreover, the systems based on bisphenol A polysulphones showed superior properties to the corresponding systems containing polyethersulphones.
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of 2-Morpholino-4,6-Dichloro-S-Triazine with Various Aromatic Diols
Authors: Patel K C , Kaula S N , Patel P S 
Published: August 2002

Several homopolycyanurates were synthesized by stirred interfacial polycondensation of 2-morpholino-4,6-dichloro- s-triazine with various aromatic diols such as 1,5- dihydroxynaphthalene,(DHN-1,5),1,7-dihydroxynapthalene(DHN-1,7),2,7-dihydroxynapthalene resorcinol (R), catechol (C), hydroquinone (H) and phenolphthalein (Ph). They were characterized by density, viscosity measurements, IR spectra, solubility tests and thermogravimetric analysis. The polymer had reduced viscosities in the range 0.468 to 0.829 dl g−1 in chromoform at 30 °C. All the polymers were amorphous and soluble in chlorinated solvents. The thermal stability of polycyanurates decreases in the following matter: PCDHN-1,5 > PCDHN-1,7 > PCPh > PCR ≃ PCDHN-2,7 > PCHQ > PCC.
Framing science and technology in the Canadian press
Authors: Einsiedel Edna F. 
Published: August 2002

This paper reports on a content analysis of science coverage in seven major Canadian daily newspapers. The study focused specifically on the images of science promoted in the media via the topics portrayed more frequently, the patterns of source use, and types of news formats. Also examined were the stories' overall tone, the consequences of science presented, and the ways in which processes of science were described. Underlying these descriptions were the theoretical notions of `agenda-setting' and `framing'. Results showed that science and technology stories were not prominent in terms of their frequency and placement. They tended to be hard news stories—that is, they tended to be event-oriented, time-bound reports—and were more often originated by the wire services rather than by local efforts. The majority were medical stories, followed by environmental items. These science stories were predominantly positive in tone. Consequences portrayed tended to vary with type of story; that is, environmental stories were more likely to highlight negative consequences while stories about new technologies in such areas as communications and defence tended to emphasize positive outcomes. Finally, science stories were more likely not to include information on processes of science. Findings are discussed in terms of the different cultures of scientists and journalists, organizational constraints on media workers, and science as a news product.
Pheromone‐mediated intrasexual aggression in male lizards, Podarcis hispanicus
Authors: López Pilar , Martín José , Cuadrado Mariano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSex recognition is based on color signals in many species of lizards. However, olfactory stimuli are also clearly involved, and many species might rely primarily on chemoreception. We aimed to examine whether color pattern or odors, or a combination of both factors, induce the aggressive response of males of the lizard P. hispanicus. We experimentally manipulated the coloration and odor of male P. hispanicus, thereby creating groups with all combinations between coloration and odor of males or females. Using data from staged encounters, we compared the responses of resident males to the experimental groups of manipulated males and their response to unmanipulated individuals (males and females). Responding males reacted significantly more aggressively to intruders with male odors independent of their coloration, whereas intruders with female odors did not elicit aggressive responses but were preferentially courted, irrespective of their actual sex and body coloration. In addition, intruders with female odors elicited a higher number of tongue‐flick explorations than male odor ones. Comparisons with unmanipulated male and female intruders agreed with these expectations. Therefore, at least at close range, odoriferous cues seem to be more important than color patterns in sex recognition and intrasexual aggression by male P. hispanicus. We suggest that this might be a pattern commoner than expected in many species of reptiles.Aggr. Behav. 28:154–163, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incorporating family interactions and socioeconomic variables into family production functions: The case of demand for meats
Authors: Heiman Amir , Just David R. , McWilliams Bruce , Zilberman David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article develops a framework for analyzing food consumption that relies on the models of Lancaster and Becker, and takes into account production within the household, preferences for various food attributes, and noneconomic family characteristics. Using a data set on purchases of a variety of meat types in Israel, the analysis shows that much of the variation in food consumption patterns are explained by life style differences and socioeconomic factors. In particular, we find that variables such as the cook's attitude towards cooking, family feedback, time constraints, and religious observance, in addition to income, provide an understanding of the purchase of various meat products and the choice between ready‐to‐eat versus unprepared foods. A strong preference for consuming a variety of meats is observed, and family preference for particular meat products is an important determinant of consumption. These results provide information for a market segmentation strategy [EconLit Subject code: L660]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation for aggressive hemophagocytic syndrome associated with T‐cell lymphoma: Case study and review
Authors: Jassal Davinder S. , Kasper Ken , Morales Carmen , Rubinger Morel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a rare clinical presentation infrequently associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. We describe a 29‐year‐old male with aggressive HPS and T‐cell lymphoma managed successfully with high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation (APSCT), in remission at 41 months of follow‐up. In reviewing the literature, this case illustrates the 2nd longest surviving individual post stem cell transplant for aggressive HPS. Am. J. Hematol. 69:64‐66, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of hemopoietic recovery after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: Impact of stem cell purification and G‐CSF
Authors: Piccirillo Nicola , Sorà Federica , Laurenti Luca , Chiusolo Patrizia , Serafini Riccardo , Cicconi Silvia , Leone Giuseppe , Sica Simona 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the role of stem cell purification and G‐CSF (early vs. delayed vs. no G‐CSF) administration on hemopoietic recovery and supportive care requirements after stem cell transplantation. Thirty‐two patients submitted to autologous CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) were studied, and data were compared to patients undergoing unfractionated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (uPBSCT) matched for age, disease, and conditioning regimen. Except for PMN, hemopoietic recovery was significantly slower and supportive care requirements were significantly higher after CD34+ PBSCT. Median time to PMN >0.5 × 109/l was 13 days (range 9‐27) and 13 d (range 9‐23); reticulocytes (Ret) >1% was 14.5 d (range 12‐34) and 12 d (range 10‐27); high‐fluorescence reticulocytes (HFR) >5% was 12 d (range 9‐26) and 9 d (range 7‐11); platelets >50 × 109/l and >100 × 109/l was 20 d (range 10‐240), 12 d (range 9‐60) and 33 d (range 15‐720), 15 d (range 11‐210). When the analysis was performed on subgroups of patients (early/delayed/no G‐CSF), early G‐CSF significantly promoted PMN recovery (>0.5 × 109/l and >1.0 × 109/l) compared to no G‐CSF, without affecting RBCs or platelet recovery. Delayed G‐CSF did not improve PMN recovery compared to patients not receiving G‐CSF, did not result in a significant reduction of drug requirements, and had a negative impact on erythroid and platelet recovery. In conclusion, these preliminary data suggest that G‐CSF is useful if given early after CD34+ PBSCT. CD34+ PBSCT may overall require a significant increase of resource utilization that should be outweighed by proven clinical benefit. Am. J. Hematol. 69:7‐14, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD30 and the NPM‐ALK fusion protein (p80) are differentially expressed between peripheral blood and bone marrow in primary small cell variant of anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Awaya Norihiro , Mori Shigehisa , Takeuchi Hitoshi , Mori Shigeo , Sugano Yasuo , Kamata Tamihiro , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Abe Toru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation results in the formation of a unique chimeric NPM‐ALK protein (p80). Expression of this protein is considered to be one of the clinical features of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Recently recognized as one clinical subtype of ALCL, the small cell variant is prone to have a leukemic presentation. Although the small cell variant has been recognized as a subtype of ALCL, the clinical properties of this subtype, especially the immunophenotype of lymphoma cells in peripheral blood, have not yet been fully described. This report shows that neither CD30 nor p80 is detected by immunostaining in the predominant small cell malignant clone and also in large lymphoma cells in peripheral blood, while large cells and occasionally observed small cells in bone marrow were found to be positive for CD30 and p80. Our findings suggest that differential expression of CD30 and p80 between peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphoma cells is a property of the small cell variant of ALCL. Am. J. Hematol. 69: 200–204, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aquired factor VIII inhibitor treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone
Authors: Lian Eric C.‐Y. , Villar Mary Jo , Noy Lionel I. , Ruiz‐Dayao Zoneddy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLife‐threatening bleeding can occur in non‐hemophiliacs with factor VIII inhibitor and is difficult to control. Various methods have been used to suppress the inhibitor. Since 1993 we treated 6 non‐hemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) every 3–4 weeks. Five had complete response with disappearance of factor VIII inhibitor and normalization of factor VIII after 1 to 7 cycles of CVP. One patient did not respond after 4 cycles of CVP; mitoxantrone was added to additional two cycles of CVP, and the inhibitor disappeared. Am. J. Hematol. 69:294–295, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Critical regions for deubiquitinating activity of DUB‐2 expressed in T‐lymphocytes
Authors: Lee Jin‐Hie , Kim Yong‐Soo , Kim Minkyung , Baek Kwang‐Hyun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUbiquitin‐ and proteasome‐mediated protein degradation is involved in many intracellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, transcriptional activation, and signal transduction in all eukaryotes. Novel subfamily members of the ubp superfamily, DUB‐1 and DUB‐2, are known to be immediate–early genes and are specifically expressed in B‐lymphocytes and T‐lymphocytes, respectively. With the site‐directed mutagenesis in four conserved amino acids (Cys60, Asp133, His298, and His307) and a series of deletion in the carboxy‐terminal region, we demonstrate that these conserved amino acids are critical, but not the C‐terminus, for the deubiquitinating activity of DUB‐2. Am. J. Hematol. 67:270–272, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in long‐term marrow cultures from patients with aplastic anemia: modulation by granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Martínez‐Jaramillo Guadalupe , Flores‐Figueroa Eugenia , Gómez‐Morales Enrique , Sánchez‐Valle Elizabeth , Mayani Hector 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have previously shown that the levels of hematopoietic progenitors in long‐term marrow cultures (LTMC) from patients with aplastic anemia (AA) are drastically reduced, as compared to normal LTMC. We have also reported that when LTMC from AA patients are supplemented with recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (rhGM‐CSF) there is an increase in colony‐forming cell (CFC) levels. However, such a stimulation is only transient and it is followed by an inhibition in CFC growth. Based on these observations, in the present study we have tested the hypothesis that the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, are increased in AA LTMC and that such levels are further increased after rhGM‐CSF has been added to the cultures for several weeks. Accordingly, we have determined the levels of TNF‐α in the supernatant of LTMC established from normal (n = 8) and AA (n = 6) bone marrow and in AA LTMC supplemented with rhGM‐CSF (n = 6). At the time of culture initiation, TNF‐α levels were below detection in all the samples analyzed. After 5 weeks of culture, TNF‐α levels in normal LTMC were very low, with a median of 7.3 pg/mL. In contrast, AA LTMC contained higher levels of TNF‐α (median of 49.6 pg/mL). In keeping with our hypothesis, addition of rhGM‐CSF to AA LTMC resulted in a significant further increase of TNF‐α levels (median of 135.4 pg/mL). Our results demonstrate an inverse correlation between reduced hematopoiesis in AA LTMC and increased levels of TNF‐α in this culture system. Based on the results presented here, together with previous reports indicating that TNF‐α is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hematopoietic progenitor cells, it seems reasonable to suggest that TNF‐α is implicated in the pathophysiology of AA. Am. J. Hematol. 68:144–148, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation at 10 protein coding loci in the mbenzele pygmies from the central african republic and a comparison with microsatellite data
Authors: Coia Valentina , Sansonetti Barbara , Paoli Giorgio , Tofanelli Sergio , Spedini Gabriella , Destro‐Bisol Giovanni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTen protein coding loci (6‐PGD, A1‐AT, ACP1, CaII, ESD, GC, GPX1, Hbβ, PGM1, and TF) were analyzed in the Mbenzele Pygmies from the Central African Republic. The frequency data were used to calculate the genetic distances between Mbenzele Pygmies and other African groups. In the principal coordinate plot of FST genetic distances, the Mbenzele cluster together with other Pygmies of the western cluster, the Biaka from C.A.R., Gielli from Cameroon, and Babinga from Congo. By contrast, they are considerably distanced from other Pygmy groups of the eastern cluster (Twa from Rwanda, Mbuti from Zaire). Genetic distances obtained using protein loci were compared with those based on microsatellite loci. The two distance matrices are insignificantly correlated (r = 0.268; one tail probability = 0.332), and the main difference is in the higher genetic affinity between the Mbenzele and Biaka Pygmies observed at the protein level. Although reasons underlying the discrepancy between inter‐populational variation at protein and DNA loci are not established with certainty, the comparison suggests that the genetic distance between the Mbenzele and Biaka Pygmies at microsatellite loci could have been shaped by genetic drift. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:9–14, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurobehavioral disturbances arising from occupational toluene exposure
Authors: Chouanière Dominique , Wild Pascal , Fontana Jean‐Marc , Héry Michel , Fournier Maryvonne , Baudin Vincent , Subra Isabelle , Rousselle Dominique , Toamain Jean‐Paul , Saurin Sylvie , Ardiot Marie‐Rose 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundNeurotoxicity of long‐term exposure to toluene is known at higher levels than 50 ppm and is suspected at lower levels.MethodsA cross‐sectional study carried out in two printing plants on 129 blue collar workers explored such a low level exposure of toluene. With 231 samples of ambient air, toluene concentration was estimated from 0 to 18 ppm in Plant A (offset) and from 2 to 27 ppm in Plant B (heliogravure). Outside any period of acute exposure, the workers answered a self‐administered questionnaire on neurotoxic symptoms, EUROQUEST, and performed six psychometric tests on a computer‐assisted version of battery NES.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, we found significant relationships only between present exposure and Digit Span Forwards (DSF) performance (decrement is 1 digit for 40 ppm, P = 0.04) and Digit Span Backwards (DSB) performance (decrement is 1 digit for 25 ppm, P = 0.01). Neurotoxic symptoms were not significantly correlated with current exposure. No association was found between estimated cumulative exposure and either psychometric performances or neurotoxic symptoms.ConclusionIn this study, low present exposure levels to toluene were associated with decrements of memory test performances. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:77–88, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtelomeric rearrangements detected in patients with idiopathic mental retardation
Authors: Anderlid Britt‐Marie , Schoumans Jacqueline , Annerén Göran , Sahlén Sigrid , Kyllerman Mårten , Vujic Mihailo , Hagberg Bengt , Blennow Elisabeth , Nordenskjöld Magnus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA screening for submicroscopic rearrangements was performed in 111 patients with idiopathic mental retardation (MR) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes from the subtelomeric regions of all chromosome arms. Ten cryptic rearrangements were found (9%): five de novo deletions; one unbalanced de novo translocation; three unbalanced inherited translocations; and one unbalanced recombinant chromosome, inherited from a parent with a pericentric inversion. In addition, 50 of the patients were screened for interstitial rearrangements with spectral karyotyping (SKY), but no aberrations were found. However, SKY detected the subtelomeric rearrangement in three of the four unbalanced translocations. Dysmorphic features were present in all patients with detected subtelomeric rearrangements. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.