bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase behavior and mechanical properties of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(amino–ether) resin
Authors: Granado A. , Eguiazábal J. I. , Nazábal J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe structure, thermal and mechanical properties of blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a poly(amino–ether) (PAE) barrier resin obtained by direct injection molding are reported. The slight shift of the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the pure components when blended is attributed to partial miscibility rather than interchange reactions. Both the small strain and the break properties of the blends were close or even above those predicted by the direct rule of mixtures. The specific volume of the blends appeared to be the main reason for the modulus behavior. The linear values of the elongation at break indicated that the blends were compatible, and were attributed to a combination of good adhesion between the two phases of the blends and the small size of the dispersed phases. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 132–139, 2004
Effect of wood fibers on the rheological properties of i‐PP/wood fiber composites
Authors: Maiti S. N. , Subbarao R. , Ibrahim Mohd. Nordin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe effects of wood fibers on the melt rheological behavior of isotactic poly(propylene) (i‐PP)/wood fiber (WF) composites have been studied at WF concentrations of 0–32.2 vol % at 493 K. Shear stress–shear rate variations obeyed a power law equation, and the composites exhibited shear thinning, which increased with filler content. At a low shear rate, the apparent melt viscosity increased, while melt elasticity, after an initial decrease, also increased with WF concentration. At a higher shear rate, after an initial decrease, the melt viscosity showed an increase, as did melt elasticity, with increase in filler content. A titanate coupling agent, LICA 38, used to modify the wood fiber surface, modified these rheological parameters by functioning as a plasticizer/lubricant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 644–650, 2004
Synthesis and characterization of hindered‐phenol‐containing amine moieties as antioxidants for polypropylene copolymers
Authors: Desai Jigar , Pendyala V. N. S. , Xavier S. F. , Misra A. N. , Nair K. B. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract(4‐Ethylphenyl)‐3,5‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐hydroxybenzylamine, 1‐phenyl‐4‐(3,5‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyl)piperazine, and 1‐(3,5‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyl)piperidine were synthesized and characterized, and their performance in polypropylene copolymer (PPCP) was tested by multiple extrusions in a Brabender plasticorder. The thermooxidative stability of PPCP was assessed by the measurement of oxidative induction time at 200 ± 1°C, and the thermal stability was assessed by observation of the change in the melt flow rate. A comparative study of the synthesized antioxidants with the commercially available antioxidant 2,6‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐methylphenol was made. The presence of phenolic and amino groups influenced the performance of the antioxidants. The performance of the antioxidants influenced the thermal stability of the PPCP. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1097–1103, 2004
Effect of adhesive‐coated glass fiber in natural rubber (NR), acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), and ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) formulations. I. Effect of adhesive‐coated glass fiber on the curing and tensile properties of NR, NBR, and EPDM formulations
Authors: Rathinasamy P. , Balamurugan P. , Balu S. , Subrahmanian V. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAdhesive‐coated glass fibers (3 and 6 mm in length) were added at loadings of 10, 20, and 30 phr in natural rubber (NR), nitrile rubber (NBR), and ethylene–propylene–diene comonomer (EPDM) formulations in both plain and carbon black mixes. The compounds were mixed in a two‐roll mill and were characterized for their cure properties, tensile, tear, and Mullin's effect. In NR mixes, all of the formulations showed reversion in cure behavior, suggesting that NR remained unaffected. In NBR and EPDM mixes, almost all of the mechanical properties of the fiber improved. The result was more significant in EPDM than in NBR. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1111–1123, 2004
Effect of adhesive‐coated glass fiber in natural rubber (NR), acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), and ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) formulations. II. Effect of cyclic loading, abrasion, and accelerated aging
Authors: Rathinasamy P. , Balamurugan P. , Balu S. , Subrahmanian V. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTreated glass fibers (RICS, 3 and 6 mm in length) were added at a concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 phr in natural rubber (NR), nitrile rubber (NBR), and ethylene–propylene–diene comonomer (EPDM) formulations, in both plain and carbon black mixes. The compounds were mixed in two‐roll mill and were evaluated for their resistance to hot‐air aging, abrasion, compression set, Goodrich heat buildup, De Mattia fatigue, and for NR mixes, adhesion in the tensile mode. The vulcanizates of the three rubbers showed resistance to hot‐air aging. Abrasion resistance was poor for NR, and it improved with carbon black addition in the presence of treated glass fiber in NBR. In carbon‐black‐added EPDM vulcanizates, the abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance were better. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1124–1135, 2004
Graded‐index plastic optical fiber with high mechanical properties enabling easy network installations. II
Authors: Ishigure Takaaki , Hirai Miki , Sato Masataka , Koike Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIt was shown how high mechanical strength should be provided in the high numerical aperture (NA) graded‐index plastic optical fiber (GI POF). In this newly developed GI POF, a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (3FMA) was used to increase the NA. The GI POF we proposed previously was composed of a PMMA homopolymer cladding and a doped PMMA core. It was previously shown that substituting the copolymer P(MMA–3FMA) for the PMMA as the cladding material made little change in the fiber's light‐transmission characteristics. This study focused on mechanical flexibility, which is one of the most important advantages of the POF. It was found that the P(MMA–3FMA)‐clad GI POF had almost the same or superior mechanical strength in addition to the excellent light‐propagation characteristics. It was also found that such excellent mechanical properties were achieved using a small dopant concentration and optimum heat‐drawing conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 410–416, 2004
Effect of thermal hysteresis on the gas permeation properties of 6FDA‐based polyimides
Authors: Fuhrman C. , Nutt M. , Vichtovonga K. , Coleman M. R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe effect of thermal hysteresis on the polymer chain packing and permeation properties of two 6FDA‐based polyimide isomers was investigated. Thermal quenching resulted in a small increase in the fractional free volume of the polyimides with respect to the samples that had been annealed. Quenching from above the glass‐transition temperature also resulted in larger increases in the permeabilities for both 6FDA–6FmDA and 6FDA–6FpDA with respect to annealed samples. Meta‐connected 6FDA–6FmDA exhibited a larger increase in the permeability after quenching than the para‐connected isomer, 6FDA–6FpDA. This larger increase in the permeability for 6FDA–6FmDA may have been due to differences in the effects of the increases in the free volume on the intersegmental resistance to chain motions. Although physical aging over a 3‐month period resulted in a reduction in the permeability of quenched samples of 6FDA–6FpDA, the quenched samples maintained higher permeabilities than the annealed samples. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1174–1182, 2004
Novel polymer electrolyte composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium triflate, and benzimidazole
Authors: Chen Hsien‐Wei , Xu Hongyao , Huang Chih‐Feng , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis work has demonstrated that the incorporation of benzimidazole derivatives, 2,2′‐p‐phenylene‐bisindole (PPBI), enhances the ionic conductivity of a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–based electrolyte by 20 times more than the plain system. Specific interactions among amino group, ethyl oxide, and lithium cation were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, and alternating current impedance. The DSC characterization confirms that the initial addition of PPBI is able to enhance the PEO crystallinity attributed to the interaction between the negative charge from the amino group and the lithium cation. Three types of complexes are present: complex I is present in the PEO phase, complex II resides at interphase, and complex III is located within the PPBI domain. Complex II plays the key role in stabilizing these two microstructure phases. FTIR spectra confirm that because of the presence of PPBI one is able to dissolve lithium salts more easily than in the plain electrolyte system and thus increase the fraction of free ions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 719–725, 2004
New intumescent flame‐retardant agent: Application to polyurethane coatings
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Li Guang , Yang Shenglin , Jiang Jianming 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe first part of this investigation focused on the synthesis and characterization of a new type of intumescent flame‐retardant (IFR) agent. Four steps were used in the synthesis process. The structure was characterized by FTIR, magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS‐NMR) 13C spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The addition of an IFR agent into polyurethane (PU) varnish led to an improvement in its carbonization and flame‐retardant (FR) properties. The second part focused on the evaluation of such characteristics as FR property, thermal stability of IFR/PU‐based coatings, rheology of IFR/PU‐based coating solutions, and mechanical properties such as hardness, adhesion, and flexibility of IFR/PU‐based dry coating films. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1193–1206, 2004
Electrospinning of ethyl–cyanoethyl cellulose/tetrahydrofuran solutions
Authors: Zhao Shengli , Wu Xiaohui , Wang Linge , Huang Yong 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this study, electrospinning was used to fabricate ethyl–cyanoethyl cellulose [(E‐CE)C] fiber from a solution of (E‐CE)C/tetrahydrofuran. The diameter of the thinnest fiber fabricated during the electrospinning was about 200 nm. It was found that the diameters of the fibers and their distribution depend on the processing parameters and properties of the solution, such as viscosity, temperature, and concentration, for example. The morphology of the fiber was also observed by SEM. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 242–246, 2004
Thermal cure behavior of unsaturated polyester/phenol blends
Authors: Chiu Hsien‐Tang , Jeng Ruey‐Er , Chung Jung‐Sheng 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to detect and simulate the cure behavior of unsaturated polyester (UP), phenol, and UP/phenol blends and to calculate and predict the cure rate, cure temperature, conversion, and changes in the glass‐transition temperature along with various cure orders in order to obtain the optimum parameters for processing. With dynamic scanning and isothermal DSC procedures and Borchardt–Daniels dynamic software, cure data for the UP resin were obtained, 90% of the conversion rate at 100°C being achieved after 15 min. However, for the phenol and UP/phenol blends, gradually increasing the temperature was found to be best for curing according to the DSC and DMA test results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1041–1058, 2004
Hydrogels of modified ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride gelatin conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) dialdehyde as a drug‐release matrix
Authors: Rathna G. V. N. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHydrogels have been recognized as versatile biomaterials in biomedical applications. This article describes the synthesis and characterization of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) dialdehyde derivative, the modification of gelatin with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD), and the conjugation of PEG dialdehyde for enhanced hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and flexibility. Hydrogels of gelatin conjugated with various percentages of PEG dialdehyde (10–30%), 35% EDTAD‐modified gelatin, and 12% PEG dialdehyde conjugated with 31% EDTAD‐modified gelatin with or without 1% chlorhexidine were prepared. For all the synthesized gel formulations, the swelling kinetics and drug release in pH 7.4 and pH 4.5 buffers at 37°C were studied. Gels of PEG‐conjugated gelatin, 35% EDTAD‐modified gelatin, and 12% PEG conjugated with 31% EDTAD‐modified gelatin, with or without 1% chlorhexidine, showed significantly improved swelling ratios in comparison with gelatin. The drug release was unaffected by an increase in the percentage of PEG conjugation with gelatin. Complete drug release was recorded within 48 h in the pH 4.5 buffer, whereas in the pH 7.4 buffer, the drug release was accomplished within 128 h. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1059–1067, 2004
Synthesis and properties of self‐crosslinkable polyurethane–urea with silsesquioxane formation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xi Kai , Chen Hong , Yu Xuehai 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBased on the typical two‐step polyurethane–urea synthesis, a new series of self‐crosslinkable polyurethane (PU)–urea formulations, consisting of poly(tetramethylene oxide) and 4,4′‐diphenyl methane diisocyanate, and extended by ethylenediamine (EDA)/aminoethylaminopropyltrimethyoxysilane (AEAPS), were prepared. FTIR, ESCA, WAXD, DSC, and mechanical properties of samples were recorded. The results show that the self‐crosslinkable polyurethane–urea could be crosslinked by hydrolysis of the trimethyloxysiloxane group to form the silsesquioxane structure. These structures represent a kind of nanosize, cagelike, chemical crosslink site as well as filler, which affect the properties of PU. The morphology, varied with different ratios of EDA/AEAPS, was also discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 190–195, 2004
Thermal property of epoxy/SiO2 hybrid material synthesized by the sol–gel process
Authors: Weng Wei‐Hsiang , Chen Hui , Tsai Song‐Po , Wu Jen‐Chin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid materials synthesized by the sol–gel process have been developed for several years. This synthesis method can effectively overcome the defects of conventional composite materials. In this investigation, epoxy/SiO2 hybrid material was synthesized by a sol–gel process with a precursor system. Tetraethoxysilane, water, and ethanol were mixed in appropriate proportions, varying the amounts of catalyst, alkalinity, and acidity, and then processed by a hydrolysis‐condensation reaction at room temperature. The product synthesized with this process is called a precursor. The coupling agent γ‐glycidoxypropyl‐methyldiethoxysilane (KBE‐402) was used to modify the surface of the silica. The role of the coupling agent was to add covalent bonding between epoxy resin and silica, which reinforced the interfacial force of the hybrid material. The epoxy resin was mixed with precursor in different proportions and then cured at 170°C for 1 h. The thermal property of the epoxy/SiO2 hybrid materials was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and DSC. From the results, we found the precursor prepared with acidity catalyst was better than that prepared with alkalinity catalyst. Coupling agent improved the thermal property of epoxy/SiO2 hybrid materials, especially when the temperature was high and the suitable amount of the coupling agent for the hybrid system was 5%. The glass‐transition temperature of the hybrid materials was increased to adapt to the content of precursor from 80 to 113°C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 532–537, 2004
Highly stabilized papain conjugated with water‐soluble phospholipid polymer chain having a reacting terminal group
Authors: Miyamoto Daisuke , Watanabe Junji , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA novel water‐soluble and biocompatible phospholipid polymer, poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), was synthesized using a photoinduced living radical polymerization technique for modification of the enzyme. The PMPC had a reactive carboxylic group on a terminal, and its molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were regulated. The PMPC was reacted with the amino groups of papain via amide bonds to form a conjugate (P‐PMPC). The modification degrees with PMPC chains on the conjugate were 22% (P‐PMPC22) and 42% (P‐PMPC42) versus the total number of amino groups of papain. The stability of the P‐PMPC was evaluated in a buffered solution (pH 6.1) at 25 and 40°C. The helix content of the P‐PMPC was slightly below that of native papain. However, the secondary structure of the P‐PMPC was maintained at its initial level for 28 days at both temperatures. The enzymatic activity after the conjugation was about 40% of the native enzyme, but it was maintained about over 75% of the initial enzymatic activity even when it was stored at 40°C for 28 days. This result is due to inhibition of self‐digestion and a change in the ternary structure of papain by the PMPC chains. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 827–832, 2004
The influence of the diluent system on the porous structure formation of copolymers based on 2‐vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene. Diluent system. III. heptane/methylethylketone
Authors: Luz Cosme Tadeu L. , Coutinho Fernanda M. B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe effects of the diluent mixture's composition and crosslinking degree [divinylbenzene (DVB)] on the porous characteristics of the anion‐exchange resins based on 2‐vinylpyridine (2VP) and DVB, synthesized by suspension polymerization, in the presence of a diluent mixture constituted of heptane (HEP) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at different proportions, were evaluated. The resins were characterized by mercury porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method surface area determination), apparent density, and swelling in methanol. The optical appearance of the copolymer beads was examined by optical microscopy. It was found that the development of porosity was attained whenever the content of methyl ethyl ketone in the diluent mixture was increased for all DVB contents employed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 666–669, 2004
Synthesis of a new conjugated polymer based on benzimidazole and its sensory properties using the fluorescence‐quenching effect
Authors: Choi Ho Wook , Kim Youn Suk , Yang Nam Choul , Suh Dong Hack 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA new anionic conjugated polymer containing a fluorene group in the main chain was designed and synthesized from poly(2,7‐(9,9′‐dihexylfluorene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole) (PFBI). The polymer showed strong blue emission with high quantum efficiency (0.64) at 450 nm in MeOH and the dramatic quenching effect by Methyl Viologen (MV2+). The fluorescence‐quenching effect results from the weak complex formation between an anionic polymer and electron acceptors such as bipyridinium derivatives. The linear Stern–Volmer constant (Ksv) was 3.7×105 M−1 for MV2+. The newly synthesized polymer is expected to show the applicability for biological and chemical sensors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 900–904, 2004
Study on the morphology and properties of metallocene polyethylene and ethylene/vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Wu Tong , Li Ying , Zhang Da‐Lun , Liao Shuang‐Quan , Tan Hui‐Min 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTwo commercial polymer materials, metallocene linear low density polyethylene (m‐LLDPE) and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) have been used to form binary blends of various compositions. The mechanical properties, morphology, rheological behavior, dynamic mechanical properties, and crystallization of m‐LLDPE/EVA blends were investigated. It was found that with the addition of EVA, the fluidity and processability of m‐LLDPE were significantly improved, and the introduction of polar groups in this system showed no significant changes in mechanical properties at lower EVA content. As verified by morphology observation and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, miscible blends were formed within certain weight ratios. Dynamic mechanical property studies showed that flexibility of the blends was enhanced in comparion with pure m‐LLDPE, where the peak value of loss modulus shifted to lower temperature and its intensity was enhanced as EVA content increased, indicating the existence of more amorphous regions in the blends. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 905–910, 2004
Mechanical and dynamic mechanical studies of epoxy/VAc‐EHA/HMMM IPN–jute composite systems
Authors: Datta Chandan , Basu Diya , Roy Abhishek , Banerjee Amarnath 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEpoxy [50:50 mixture of Di‐Glycidyl Ether of Bis‐Phenol A (DGEBA) and Epoxidized Novolac (EPN)] was solution blended with Vinyl Acetate‐2‐ Ethylhexylacrylate (VAc‐EHA) resin in aqueous medium, in varying weight fractions, with Hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) as a crosslinker and data was compared with a control. The present work was aimed to optimize the tensile strength, dynamic mechanical strength, impact strength, and toughness by preparing a blend followed by jute composites of a semi‐ and full interpenetrating network (IPN). In control experiments epoxy alone was crosslinked (semi‐IPN), whereas the DGEBA‐EPN and VAc‐EHA/HMMM were crosslinked separately (full‐IPN), using jute as the substrate for making composites. Composites of full‐IPN systems of epoxy/VAc‐EHA system had higher moduli and UTS than the semi‐IPN systems. Dynamic mechanical study showed that full‐IPN systems have higher Tg values than semi‐IPN systems. The impact strength increases with increasing proportions of VAc‐EHA copolymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 958–963, 2004
Radical copolymerization of N‐(4‐acetyl phenyl)‐ maleimide and styrene: Monomer reactivity ratios and thermal properties
Authors: Soykan Cengiz , Erol İbrahim 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCopolymers containing N‐(4‐acetyl phenyl)maleimide (NAPMI) and styrene (ST) at different compositions have been prepared by radical copolymerization. FTIR, 1H‐, and 13C NMR and elemental analysis techniques were used on the identification of polymers. The monomer reactivity ratios were estimated using the Kelen‐Tüdös (KT) and Fineman‐Ross (FR) graphical methods. Structural parameters of the copolymers were obtained calculating the dyad monomer sequence fractions. A thermal study of the obtained copolymers related to the N‐(4‐acetyl phenyl)maleimide content has been carried out taking into account several theories predicting the depence of the glass transition temperature on the copolymers composition. The Tgs are linearly distributed between Tgs of homopolymers and in all cases, single, well‐defined Tgs are obtained. Glass transition temperatures increase with the increase of molar fraction of N‐(4‐acetylphenyl)maleimide. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 964–970, 2004