bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiscale study of heat treatment effects on the interlayer mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Zhu Wanying , Li Shixian , Long Hongmei , Wang Kui , Rao Yanni , Peng Yong , Ahzi Said 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructural and interlayer mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced composites (CCFRCs). The influence of raster orientations on the interlayer properties of composites was systematically studied by the floating roller peel test. The multiscale morphological investigation was applied to analyze the influence of heat treatment on the interlayer mechanical properties and change of pores microstructure for composites. The results showed that heat treatment improved the interlayer mechanical properties of CCFRCs. During heat treatment, the pores merged, migrated, and deformed as the softening and collapse of the matrix. The average peeling strength after heat treatment for specimens increased by 10.17%–51.30%. Besides, the increase in matrix fluidity and the change of pore shape in CCFRCs were more significant than that of matrix specimens after heat treatment, since more thermal channels in CCFRCs.Highlights
The interlayer mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced composites (CCFRCs) were improved by heat treatment.
The pores of composites merged, migrated, and deformed as the softening and collapse of the matrix.
The addition of continuous carbon fiber (CCF) made the composites have more thermal channels than those with matrix specimens.
Fetal urinary tract dilation: What to tell the parents
Authors: Nulens Katrien , Lorenzo Armando J. , Dos Santos Joana , Ellul Katie , Rickard Mandy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrinary tract dilation (UTD), which refers to the abnormal dilation of the urinary collection system, is the most common finding on prenatal ultrasound and presents with varying severity, presentation, etiology, and prognosis. Prenatal classification and risk stratification aim to prevent postnatal complications, such as urinary tract infections and further kidney dysfunction. Parents expecting a child with UTD should be counseled by a multidisciplinary team consisting of maternal‐fetal medicine specialists, and pediatric urology and nephrology providers. This review summarizes the key points in the diagnostic evaluation and management during the prenatal and initial postnatal period, focusing on the information that should be provided to future parents. We address frequently asked parental questions and concerns that our multidisciplinary clinical practice faces.
Dipoles and defects caused by CO2 plasma improve carrier transport of silicon solar cells
Authors: Huang Shenglei , Yang Yuhao , Li Junjun , Jiang Kai , Li Xiaodong , Zhou Yinuo , Li Zhenfei , Wang Guangyuan , Shi Qiang , Shi Jianhua , Du Junlin , Han Anjun , Yu Jian , Meng Fanying , Zhang Liping , Liu Zhengxin , Liu Wenzhu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarrier‐selective contact is a fundamental issue for solar cells. For silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, it is important to improve hole transport because of the low doping efficiency of boron in amorphous silicon and the barrier stemming from valence band offset. Here, we develop a carbon dioxide (CO2) plasma treatment (PT) process to form dipoles and defect states. We find a dipole moment caused by longitudinal distribution of H and O atoms. It improves hole transport and blocks electron transport and thus suppresses carrier recombination. In the meantime, the CO2 PT process also results in defect states, which reduce passivation performance but improve hole hopping in the intrinsic amorphous layer. As a balance, an appropriate CO2 PT process at the i/p interface increases fill factor and power conversion efficiency of SHJ solar cells. We emphasize, based on sufficient evidences, this work finds a distinct role of the CO2 plasma in SHJ solar cells opposed to reported mechanisms.
Current practice focus trends in physical medicine and rehabilitation
Authors: Kinney Carolyn L. , Pruitt David W. , Francisco Gerard E. , Raddatz Mikaela M. , Sabharwal Sunil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) is a diverse specialty, growing and evolving over a variety of subspecialty and practice focus areas. Accurate data regarding practice patterns of physiatrists are essential for updating requirements in training and certification, particularly as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education begins its process to update of the PM&R core residency training requirements. This study analyzes practice trends for nearly 98% of physiatrists in active practice, the largest study to date.ObjectiveTo update current demographics of physicians specializing in PM&R, including current areas of practice focus, to analyze the alignment of practice focus with subspecialty certification, and to determine the extent that electromyography is a component of current physiatric practice.DesignRetrospective analysis of deidentified responses from American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (ABPMR) board‐certified PM&R physicians (diplomates) on annual enrollment in the ABPMR Continuing Certification program.ParticipantsA total of 9543 ABPMR diplomates.Main Outcome MeasuresDemographics – age, gender, years in practice, practice setting(s) and area(s). Practice focus, subspecialty certifications.ResultsThe majority of practicing physiatrists are men (62%) although the percentage of women in the field is growing (38%). Nearly 80% of physiatrists report more than one practice focus area, with pain medicine and sports medicine/musculoskeletal practices most commonly reported.ConclusionsThis study confirms the growth trends in PM&R in pain and sports medicine but also highlights the substantial number of physiatrists focusing their practices in areas related to neurorehabilitation and medical rehabilitation. The large majority of physiatrists incorporate multiple focus areas into their practices. Electromyography is a focus for a declining percentage of practicing physiatrists.
Comparison of CO production and Escherichia coli inactivation by a kHz and a MHz plasma jet
Authors: Mestre Eloïse , Orel Inna , Henze Daniel , Chauvet Laura , Burhenn Sebastian , Dozias Sébastien , Brulé‐Morabito Fabienne , Golda Judith , Douat Claire 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs carbon monoxide has a broad spectrum of biological activities, its production by plasma is a significant advantage in medicine. This paper presents a comparative study of the CO production of two plasma jets: a MHz‐jet and a kHz‐jet. Both were fed with a helium gas with admixture (0%–1%). CO was produced by dissociation and its maximal concentration was hundreds of parts per million, which is safe for clinical applications. For the same specific energy input, the CO production was more efficient for the kHz‐jet than the MHz‐jet. Both had antibacterial properties on Escherichia coli, and the addition of improved them for the MHz‐jet, while it reduced them for the kHz‐jet.
Investigation and mechanism of headspace corrosion in metal cans filled chicken noodle soup
Authors: Wu Yajun , Ruffley Ken , Pascall Melvin A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study demonstrated a method to investigate corrosion formation in the headspace of canned chicken noodle soup. In this method, Selected Ion Flow Tube–Mass Spectrometer was used to identify and quantify chemical compounds in raw and cooked chicken noodle soup and those that migrated towards the polymer coating of the metal cans. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the appearance of breaches in the coating of the tested cans, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) allowed for analysis of the elemental composition of the internal walls of the tested cans. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) provided information about the migration of iron and tin from the internal walls of the cans into the packaged soups. SEM images showed that breaches developed in the coating of the tested cans when corrosion occurred. The EDS analyses showed that tin and iron exposures were associated with extra peaks in the EDS. These peaks were attributed to sulphur. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the process of heat retorting contributed to the formation of sulphur‐containing volatile compounds that bonded to the coating in the headspace of the tested cans. These then penetrated the protective coating and facilitated avenues for other oxidative chemicals in the product to cause corrosion and staining. Results from the ICP‐MS analyses showed that tin and iron subsequently migrated from the corroded cans toward the chicken soup. These results thus showed how corrosive compounds in a retorted food initiated corrosion in metal cans.
Entanglement, Quantum Correlators, and Connectivity in Graph States
Authors: Vesperini Arthur , Franzosi Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work presents a comprehensive exploration of the entanglement and graph connectivity properties of Graph States (GSs). Qubit entanglement in Pseudo Graph States (PGSs) is quantified using the Entanglement Distance (ED), a recently introduced measure of bipartite entanglement. In addition, a new approach is proposed for probing the underlying graph connectivity of genuine GSs, using Pauli matrix quantum correlators. These findings also reveal interesting implications for measurement processes, demonstrating the equivalence of some projective measurements. Finally, the emphasis is placed on the simplicity of data analysis in this framework. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the entanglement and connectivity properties of GSs, offering valuable information for quantum information processing and quantum computing applications. The famous stabiliser formalism, which is the typically preferred framework for the study of this type of states, is not used in this work; on the contrary, this approach is based exclusively on the concepts of expectation values, quantum correlations, and projective measurement, which have the advantage of being very intuitive and fundamental tools of quantum theory.
Real‐time auto‐segmentation of the ureter in video sequences of gynaecological laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Wang Zhixiang , Liu Chongdong , Zhang Zhen , Deng Yupeng , Xiao Meizhu , Zhang Zhiqiang , Dekker Andre , Wang Shuzhen , Liu Yujiang , Qian LinXue , Zhang Zhenyu , Traverso Alberto , Feng Ying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundUreteral injury is common during gynaecological laparoscopic surgery. Real‐time auto‐segmentation can assist gynaecologists in identifying the ureter and reduce intraoperative injury risk.MethodsA deep learning segmentation model was crafted for ureter recognition in surgical videos, utilising 3368 frames from 11 laparoscopic surgeries. Class activation maps enhanced the model's interpretability, showing its areas. The model's clinical relevance was validated through an End‐User Turing test and verified by three gynaecological surgeons.ResultsThe model registered a Dice score of 0.86, a Hausdorff 95 distance of 22.60, and processed images in 0.008 s on average. In complex surgeries, it pinpointed the ureter's position in real‐time. Fifty five surgeons across eight institutions found the model's accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity comparable to human performance. Yet, artificial intelligence experience influenced some subjective ratings.ConclusionsThe model offers precise real‐time ureter segmentation in laparoscopic surgery and can be a significant tool for gynaecologists to mitigate ureteral injuries.
Integral barrier Lyapunov functions based sliding mode observer‐controller for nonlinear systems with performance constraints
Authors: Qu Dong , Xie Wen‐Bo , Chen Guan‐Qun , Yang Bing , Peng Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article presents an observer‐controller structure for nonlinear systems with external disturbances, uncertainties and performance constraints. Firstly, considering the unmeasurable state issue, a sliding mode observer is designed to estimate the unknown state. Then an integral barrier Lyapunov function (iBLF) is established to ensure that the observer estimation errors are held within the performance constraints. With the objective of utilizing iBLF, an equivalent output injection technique is adopted. Combining with backstepping technique, an observer‐controller scheme is given. The controller can hold all signals in the closed‐loop system bounded with the help of iBLF, and the tracking error will converge to a bounded tight set without violating the corresponding constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is clarified via a vessel heading control example.
Emerging Trends in Metal‐based Anticancer Agents: Drug Design to Clinical Trials and their Mechanism of Action
Authors: Temesgen Achamo , Ananda Murthy Hanabe Chowdappa , Enyew Amare Zereffa , Revathi Rajappan , Venkatesha Perumal Ramachandran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal‐based therapeutic strategies have been effectively used to treat a number of diseases since the ancient period. However, the issue that emerged at this time was the indistinct barrier between therapeutic and toxic doses. After the discovery of cisplatin, a breakthrough was made for these challenges, and vital signs of progress were shown in the medicinal potential of metal complexes. Consequently, nowadays many metal‐based drugs, especially in cancer treatments, are under investigation. Nevertheless, due to a greater focus on clinical relevance, a few of these drugs are currently approved, and many more are in clinical trials waiting for approval. Therefore, the design, development, and clinical applications of several metal‐based anti‐cancer agents and their efficacy are highlighted in this review. Moreover, this review is intended to present a comprehensive overview of metal‐based anticancer agents, their targets of drug design and development and their mechanisms of action in cancer treatments.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Diphenyl Ether‐Linked Quinolone Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Ghouse Shaik Mahammad , Akhir Abdul , Sinha Kareena , Pawar Gaurav , Saxena Deepanshi , Akunuri Ravikumar , Malik Pradip , Roy Arnab , Parida Kishan Kumar , Dasgupta Arunava , Kalia Nitin Pal , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi , Chopra Sidharth , Nanduri Srinivas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe increase in the prevalence of multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria poses a significant healthcare challenge. The urgent need to combat the resistant microbes necessitates discovering new antibacterial agents capable of circumventing the existing resistance mechanisms. Targeting DNA gyrase by suitably modifying the fluoroquinolones can lead to antibiotics with better activity and lower incidence of resistance. The substituted diphenyl ethers like triclosan are known to have potent antibacterial activity. In the current study, the hybridisation of diphenyl ether moiety with fluoroquinolones led to the design and synthesis of new compounds with potent inhibitory activity against staphylococcus aureus with MIC 0.5–64 μg/mL and moderately active against mycobacteria with MIC 2–64 μg/mL. The compounds are non‐toxic to Vero cells with a selectivity index >10 to 200. The compounds also inhibited the resistant strains of S. aureus with a MIC ranging from 0.5–64 μg/mL. The synthesised compounds also exhibited potent anti‐biofilm activity against S. aureus. Furthermore, the DNA supercoiling assay revealed the compounds 7 i, 7 o, 7 p and 7 q showed concentration‐dependant DNA‐Gyrase inhibition at 1 μg/mL.
Electrochromic Insight on Electro‐Deposited Copolymers of Push‐Pull Conjugated Systems with 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and Other Conjugated Units
Authors: Ergun Emine Gul Cansu , Hacioglu Serife Ozdemir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThird generation conducting polymers (CP) are push‐pull type conjugated systems, which include both electron pushing and pulling units in their chemical structure. Push‐pull design enables coarse and fine tuning in the electro‐optical properties of the resulting CP such as lowering the band gap and enhancing electrochromic properties. Push‐pull CPs have been widely used for various applications such as electrochromic devices, displays, light emitting diodes, organic solar cells, field effect transistors, electrochemical and optical sensors etc. This review aims to collect electrochemically synthesized CPs of push‐pull systems in the literature, up to 2023. Most of the studies include 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as co‐monomers, but there are also other studies such as obtaining push‐pull type CPs by copolymerization, and copolymerization of push‐pull systems with other units. Each case is discussed in separate sections. In the scope of this review, only electrochemical copolymerization studies are selected, and the effect of monomer feed ratio and the polymerization conditions on the electrochromic properties of the resulting copolymers are discussed and summarized in tables. This collection can serve as a guide for upcoming copolymerization studies, by giving an insight into optical and electrochromic properties of various copolymers of push‐pull systems so far.
Coumarin Based Hydrazone as an Antioxidant and Sensor for Cupric Ion: Spectroscopic and Computational Studies
Authors: Negi Oseen , Srishti Km , Gusain Anamika , Hota Prasanta Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA coumarin based hydrazone (CH) has been synthesised and characterised through 1H NMR, FTIR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy and CHN analysis. Using UV‐Vis and time dependent density functional theory, the antioxidant activity of CH against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and sensing properties towards various transition metal ions were studied. CH selectively binds to Cu2+ ion as compared to other transition metal ions such as Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+. From Benesi‐Hildebrand plot, the binding constant of CH for Cu2+ ion: 6×104 M−1 with lower limit of detection 31 μM is obtained. The CH‐Cu2+ complex is more stable as compared to the free form of the CH molecule. The stoichiometry ratio for CH‐Cu2+ complex is 2 : 1. CH quenches the DPPH radical through proton transfer mechanism with IC50 is 25 μM.
Synthesis of Benzoate‐Based Functionalized Ionic Liquids: Relationship between Supramolecular aggregation behavior and Catalytic activity in Phenyl Pyrimidines Derivatives
Authors: Naveed Javed Muhammad , Muhammad Shoaib , Riaz Kashif , Hashmi Imran Ali , Bari Ahmed , Ashfaq Tayyaba , Ghulam Musharraf Syed , Imran Ali Firdous 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study reports synthesizing and characterizing imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) using substituted benzoates as anions. Thermal stability of ILs described using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). One inherent property of ILs is aggregates or cluster formation due to supramolecular interactions. The supramolecular interaction in synthesized ILs has been studied through Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The potential of ILs as organic catalysts is investigated in multicomponent reaction (MCR) using urea, malononitrile, and different aromatic aldehydes to prepare phenyl pyrimidines derivatives. The results demonstrate that catalysis with ILs effectively reduces reaction time and enhances yield. ILs entities are hypothesized to form new assemblies with reactive moieties of reactants through supramolecular interactions. The ILs can be reused and recycled.
Investigating the Influence of the Lipid Structure on the Global Membrane Organization: Effect of the Fatty Acids
Authors: Bouquiaux Charlotte , Castet Frédéric , Champagne Benoît 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLipid molecules are involved in a wide range of fundamental cell functions, explaining the enormous structural diversity of lipids, partly due to the large number of different fatty acids, which can vary in length and in the number and position of unsaturated bond(s). Interestingly, imbalances between (un)saturated species have been reported in various pathologies. Hence, it is of particular importance to study in detail the structural consequences associated with variations in the nature of the lipid hydrocarbon tails. To this end, 17 single‐component lipid bilayers, varying only in the nature of the hydrocarbon core are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The structural analysis reveals that the effect of the nature of the two fatty acids on the overall membrane structure is additive. In addition, TDDFT quantum mechanical (QM) calculations are performed to study the modulations of the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of an embedded probe, serving as local structural microscopes. However, these calculations highlight the difficulty of rationalizing changes in the NLO responses, in relation with the nature of the hydrocarbon region of the host environment. Nevertheless, less dense and packed membranes, which allow the probe to adopt more planar conformations, are associated with larger NLO responses.
Single Pyrrole Unit Functionalized Electron Deficient Porphyrins and Their Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structural, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Arif Waseem , Kumar Ravi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA family of electron‐deficient regioselective β‐disubstituted meso‐tetraphenylporphyrins, H2TPP(R)2 (where R=trifluoromethyl (CF3) and cyano (CN) and its metal complexes (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) were synthesized from versatile precursor H2TPPBr2 by palladium‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation and nucleophilic aromatic cyanation respectively. The absorption spectrum of H2TPP(CF3)2 and H2TPP(CN)2 exhibited a notable shift towards longer wavelengths both in the Soret (Δλmax=16–17 nm) and longest wavelength band, Qx(0,0) (Δλmax=34–52 nm) as compared to precursor porphyrin, H2TPPBr2. The first ring reduction potential of H2TPP(CF3)2 and H2TPP(CN)2 are centred at −0.69 and −0.68 respectively which show drastic anodic shift as compared to precursor H2TPPBr2 (−1.01 V) and parent porphyrin H2TPP (−1.25 V). The anodic shift trend for first ring reduction potentials follows as H2TPP(CN)2>H2TPP(CF3)2>H2TPP(Br)2>H2TPP. Introducing two highly electron withdrawing substituents (CN and CF3) at the single pyrrole unit of the porphyrin macrocycle via regioselective substitution has led to a significant reduction in the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap (0.15 V–0.39 V) in comparison to the precursor H2TPPBr2 (2.08 V). The analysis of the crystal structures for ZnTPP(CN)2 and H2TPP(CF3)2 revealed nearly planar and distinct saddle conformations respectively which are further supported by DFT calculations.