bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecularly imprinted photonic polymer for rapid visual detection of sulfamethoxazole in environmental water samples
Authors: Nan Jing , Wang Hai‐Qi , Xue Rong‐Chao , Yu Li‐Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSulfamethoxazole (SMX) has numerous adverse effects and is present in various water systems; thus, the development of a rapid and accurate analytical method to detect SMX in water systems is crucial for protecting the environment and human health. A sulfamethoxazole molecularly imprinted photonic polymer (MIPP‐SMX) capable of facile naked‐eye recognition of target molecules was synthesized using the dual‐functional monomers acrylamide and methacrylic acid. The color of the MIPP‐SMX changed from green to blue in water samples containing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in the concentration range of 0.5–5.0 mM. Furthermore, a linear correlation existed between the detected Bragg diffraction peak shift Δλ and SMX concentrations in water ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mM. The detection limit for SMX was 0.3 mM. A recovery rate of 91.9%–108.5% was achieved when the polymer sensor was used to detect SMX in river water samples, with a relative standard deviation of 4.9%–6.0%. The designed MIPP‐SMX enabled rapid visual detection of SMX in water samples. The proposed method represents a significant advancement in the visual detection of SMX in environmental water samples.
No ageing‐related increase in fibre type grouping in sprint‐trained masters runners: A 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Messa Guy Anselme Mpaka , Korhonen Marko T. , Degens Hans 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests that an ageing‐associated remodelling and loss of motor units due to motor neuron death contributes significantly to muscle weakness in old age. In histological sections, motor unit remodelling is reflected by increased fibre type grouping. While regular exercise may not attenuate the loss of motor units during ageing, it has been suggested to facilitate reinnervation resulting in larger motor units, and a higher number and larger fibre type groups in histological sections of muscles from aged individuals.MethodsIn a 10‐year follow‐up study, we assessed changes in the prevalence and size of fibre type groups in the vastus lateralis muscle from 34 male masters sprinters (40–85 years at start).ResultsOver the 10 years, there was an ageing‐related reduction in performance in the 60‐m sprint (P < 0.001) without significant changes in fibre type composition and fibre cross‐sectional area. Neither the number of fibre type groups, defined as a fibre surrounded exclusively by fibres of the same type, nor the group size changed significantly in the 10‐year period.ConclusionsThese histological data show that there is limited to no significant fibre type grouping over a 10‐year period in masters athletes who continued sprint run training. This observation challenges the paradigm that ageing, at least in systematically trained sprinters, is associated with motor unit remodelling.
Variation in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) at US dental school clinics
Authors: Nalliah Romesh P. , Chheda Riddhi , Belgal Priyanka Govind , Kaur Jasmine , Mhay Sahil , Haas Steven , Rowan Susan A 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeAlthough the threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was the same at different US dental schools, the response wasn't. There is no study that documents the variation in mitigation strategies, COVID‐19 transmission, and clinical educational changes at US Dental schools during the ongoing pandemic that began in 2020 in the US.MethodsThe current study was approved as exempt research (project number HUM00199261). Our survey of Associate Dean's of Clinical Operations was individually emailed in July 2021. There were no reminders and descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel.ResultsWe received 46 completed surveys from the 68 sent out. Note that 65.2% of respondents reported requiring N95 masks for aerosol‐generating procedures. Note that 38.9% of respondents said they required student partnering as chairside dental assistants for aerosol‐generating procedures. Note that 37.7% of respondents began using alternate cubicles. A total of 6.52% of schools reported a transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus from patient to provider. There were no reported transmissions from provider to patient or from patient to patient.ConclusionIn our study, we found a lot of similarities between the approach taken by Dental School Clinics across the US to mitigate the risks of COVID‐19, however, we also observed many differences.
Constructing a personalized prognostic risk model for colorectal cancer using machine learning and multi‐omics approach based on epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐related genes
Authors: Zhang Shuze , Fan Wanli , He Dong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe progression and the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer (CRC) are intricately linked to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The present study harnesses the power of machine learning combined with multi‐omics data to develop a risk stratification model anchored on EMT‐associated genes. The aim is to facilitate personalized prognostic assessments in CRC. We utilized publicly accessible gene expression datasets to pinpoint EMT‐associated genes, employing a CoxBoost algorithm to sift through these genes for prognostic significance. The resultant model, predicated on gene expression levels, underwent rigorous independent validation across various datasets. Our model demonstrated a robust capacity to segregate CRC patients into distinct high‐ and low‐risk categories, each correlating with markedly different survival probabilities. Notably, the risk score emerged as an independent prognostic indicator for CRC. High‐risk patients were characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor milieu and a heightened responsiveness to certain chemotherapeutic agents, underlining the model's potential in steering tailored oncological therapies. Moreover, our research unearthed a putative repressive interaction between the long non‐coding RNA PVT1 and the EMT‐associated genes TIMP1 and MMP1, offering new insights into the molecular intricacies of CRC. In essence, our research introduces a sophisticated risk model, leveraging machine learning and multi‐omics insights, which accurately prognosticates outcomes for CRC patients, paving the way for more individualized and effective oncological treatment paradigms.
Stability of extemporaneously prepared clofazimine oral suspensions
Authors: Ponsonby‐Thomas Ellie , Lau Charis , Tan Sherine , Salim Malinda , Boyd Ben J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundClofazimine is recommended as a treatment for tuberculosis in infants. Extemporaneously prepared clofazimine oral suspensions are more appropriate dosage forms for infants than tablets, however no data exist to inform appropriate storage conditions.AimTo examine the physical and chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared clofazimine oral suspensions and determine appropriate storage conditions.MethodAn oral suspension of clofazimine 10 mg/mL was prepared by grinding six 100 mg clofazimine tablets to produce a fine powder. Ora‐Blend SF (sugar free) was added to make a final volume of 60 mL. Six 10 mL aliquots were placed in amber plastic bottles with plastic bottle caps. Three bottles were stored at room temperature, and three bottles were refrigerated at 4°C. Following shaking, a 1 mL sample was taken from each bottle on days 0, 7, 14, 28, and 60. Samples were assayed using the high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The samples were visually examined for colour change and separation at each time point. Stability was defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial concentration. Ethics approval was not required for this research article as it was a stability study that did not involve human subjects.ResultsThe clofazimine content remained >94% of the initial concentration throughout the 60‐day period for samples that were kept at room temperature, and slightly <90% (87.4%) for samples that were kept refrigerated at 4°C. No separation or colour change was noted throughout the 60‐day period for both preparations.ConclusionExtemporaneously prepared suspensions of clofazimine in Ora‐Blend SF were chemically stable for at least 60 days when stored at room temperature. Clofazimine degraded slightly more rapidly at 4°C compared to room temperature.
Moving forward with a culturally inclusive PTSD Criterion A: Commentary on Marx et al. (2023)
Authors: Allwood Maureen A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn response to Marx et al.’s (2023) article, “The PTSD Criterion A debate: A brief history, current status, and recommendations for moving forward,” this commentary offers agreement with the recommendation to conduct population‐based studies to inform future Criterion A changes. However, to fully address the debate as to whether Criterion A should be expanded, limited, eliminated, or remain unchanged, it is critical that future population‐based research focus on cultural inclusivity and the addition of potentially traumatic experiences that are collective and/or cumulative versus individual and discrete. To further understand the etiology of mental health distress and disorder and the role of adverse life experiences, it is also recommended that adverse event specifiers be added to disorders not currently considered to be event‐related. The ability to identify the potential long‐term effects of adverse life experiences in relation to disorders other than posttraumatic stress disorder (e.g., major depressive disorder) could help validate experiences, reduce stigma, and further advance research on etiology and interventions.
Identifying priority mitigation areas for human–osprey conflict
Authors: Murphy Natasha K. , Boudreau Melanie R. , Dorr Brian S. , Slankard Kate , Rush Scott A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRaptor nests on human‐built structures represent a significant source of conflict, as they can result in bird mortality, fires, or power outages due to falling nest materials or animals connecting with energized conductors. Power companies typically try to mitigate these conflicts to avoid service disruptions. Performing mitigation measures across all potentially problematic power infrastructure is generally not a practical solution given logistical, time, or budgetary constraints. Therefore, there is a need for quantitative, landscape‐scale tools to identify conflict risk and prioritize mitigation. We examined the influence of habitat and transmission infrastructure distribution on the potential risk of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting‐infrastructure conflict in the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power service area within Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Virginia, USA, using osprey nesting and conflict records from 1990–2020. We modeled risk using a 3‐stage approach, which intersected a nesting habitat suitability model and density of infrastructure to evaluate the potential risk of conflict. Habitat suitability was greater on or near open water and closer to developed areas. Transmission line density was low (0.14 ± 0.29 lines/km2) and heterogenous across the service area with more lines within urban centers and near power facilities. Integrating habitat suitability and transmission infrastructure information revealed that very low and low‐risk areas comprised 99% of the service area. Less than 1% comprised 1,113.7 km2 of moderate and 82.2 km2 of high or very high risk, mostly concentrated along major rivers and lakes, and around urban centers. Risk was more prevalent in the northeastern portion of the service area. This work presents a top‐down approach to mitigating osprey–power infrastructure conflict, which allows for the prioritization of mitigation actions and can facilitate long‐term coexistence with this protected species.
Trust in Machine Learning Driven Clinical Decision Support Tools Among Otolaryngologists
Authors: Chen Hannah , Ma Xiaoyue , Rives Hal , Serpedin Aisha , Yao Peter , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundMachine learning driven clinical decision support tools (ML‐CDST) are on the verge of being integrated into clinical settings, including in Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery. In this study, we investigated whether such CDST may influence otolaryngologists' diagnostic judgement.MethodsOtolaryngologists were recruited virtually across the United States for this experiment on human–AI interaction. Participants were shown 12 different video‐stroboscopic exams from patients with previously diagnosed laryngopharyngeal reflux or vocal fold paresis and asked to determine the presence of disease. They were then exposed to a random diagnosis purportedly resulting from an ML‐CDST and given the opportunity to revise their diagnosis. The ML‐CDST output was presented with no explanation, a general explanation, or a specific explanation of its logic. The ML‐CDST impact on diagnostic judgement was assessed with McNemar's test.ResultsForty‐five participants were recruited. When participants reported less confidence (268 observations), they were significantly (p = 0.001) more likely to change their diagnostic judgement after exposure to ML‐CDST output compared to when they reported more confidence (238 observations). Participants were more likely to change their diagnostic judgement when presented with a specific explanation of the CDST logic (p = 0.048).ConclusionsOur study suggests that otolaryngologists are susceptible to accepting ML‐CDST diagnostic recommendations, especially when less confident. Otolaryngologists' trust in ML‐CDST output is increased when accompanied with a specific explanation of its logic.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:2799–2804, 2024
Real‐World Outcomes of Inoperable and Metastatic Cutaneous Head and Neck Melanoma Patients
Authors: Rozendorn Noa , Shutan Itay , Feinmesser Gilad , Grynberg Shirly , Hodadov Hadas , Alon Eran , Asher Nethanel 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the overall survival (OS) and to identify associated prognostic factors in patients with inoperable and metastatic cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (H&N) region, undergoing modern systemic treatments.MethodsThis is a retrospective single institutional study. Data on all consecutive H&N melanoma patients treated with systemic oncologic treatments between 2015 and 2022 were collected from electronic medical files. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to describe survival and Cox regression analysis was used to identify patient and tumor factors associated with prognosis.ResultsA total of 144 patients were included. Median OS was 45 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 28–65 m). On univariable analysis for OS, the primary disease site, specifically the nape and neck (hazard ratio [HR] 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–7.7, p = 0.007), high Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ([ECOG‐PS], HR 2.5, 95% CI = 1.9–3.3, p < 0.001), high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (HR 2.8, 95% CI = 1.7–4.6, p < 0.001), and treatment with targeted therapy (TT) as compared with immunotherapy (HR 2.6, 95% CI = 1.06–6.3, p = 0.03) were all associated with shorter OS. High‐grade adverse events (AEs) were associated with a longer OS (HR 0.41, 95% CI = 0.25–0.68, p = 0.001). On multivariable analysis for OS, the ECOG‐PS, LDH levels, site of disease, and the development of moderate‐severe AEs remained significant.ConclusionsIn the era of modern oncologic treatments, the prognosis of inoperable and metastatic cutaneous H&N melanoma aligns with other cutaneous melanomas. Primary tumor site of the nape and neck region emerges as a significant prognostic factor.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2762–2770, 2024
The yardstick approach in a Tullock contest
Authors: Minchuk Yizhaq 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA contest's organizational structure or mechanism is often determined by the organizer's goal. While most contest organizers are interested in maximizing the effort expended by the contestants, some are interested in maximizing social welfare. We examine the corresponding contest mechanisms using a Tullock contest (standard and winner‐pay) combined with the yardstick approach, which in some cases can achieve both goals simultaneously. Two cases are considered. The first is the yardstick approach that takes the form of a payoff scheme in a standard Tullock contest where the contestants (winners or losers) are reimbursed according to the average effort of the other
contestants. In the second, the yardstick approach is introduced into a winner‐pay contest, in which the winner pays the average cost of the other contestants' efforts.
vOARiability: Interobserver and intermodality variability analysis in OAR contouring from head and neck CT and MR images
Authors: Podobnik Gašper , Ibragimov Bulat , Peterlin Primož , Strojan Primož , Vrtovec Tomaž 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate and consistent contouring of organs‐at‐risk (OARs) from medical images is a key step of radiotherapy (RT) cancer treatment planning. Most contouring approaches rely on computed tomography (CT) images, but the integration of complementary magnetic resonance (MR) modality is highly recommended, especially from the perspective of OAR contouring, synthetic CT and MR image generation for MR‐only RT, and MR‐guided RT. Although MR has been recognized as valuable for contouring OARs in the head and neck (HaN) region, the accuracy and consistency of the resulting contours have not been yet objectively evaluated.PurposeTo analyze the interobserver and intermodality variability in contouring OARs in the HaN region, performed by observers with different level of experience from CT and MR images of the same patients.MethodsIn the final cohort of 27 CT and MR images of the same patients, contours of up to 31 OARs were obtained by a radiation oncology resident (junior observer, JO) and a board‐certified radiation oncologist (senior observer, SO). The resulting contours were then evaluated in terms of interobserver variability, characterized as the agreement among different observers (JO and SO) when contouring OARs in a selected modality (CT or MR), and intermodality variability, characterized as the agreement among different modalities (CT and MR) when OARs were contoured by a selected observer (JO or SO), both by the Dice coefficient (DC) and 95‐percentile Hausdorff distance (HD ).ResultsThe mean (±standard deviation) interobserver variability was 69.0 ± 20.2% and 5.1 ± 4.1 mm, while the mean intermodality variability was 61.6 ± 19.0% and 6.1 ± 4.3 mm in terms of DC and HD , respectively, across all OARs. Statistically significant differences were only found for specific OARs. The performed MR to CT image registration resulted in a mean target registration error of 1.7 ± 0.5 mm, which was considered as valid for the analysis of intermodality variability.ConclusionsThe contouring variability was, in general, similar for both image modalities, and experience did not considerably affect the contouring performance. However, the results indicate that an OAR is difficult to contour regardless of whether it is contoured in the CT or MR image, and that observer experience may be an important factor for OARs that are deemed difficult to contour. Several of the differences in the resulting variability can be also attributed to adherence to guidelines, especially for OARs with poor visibility or without distinctive boundaries in either CT or MR images. Although considerable contouring differences were observed for specific OARs, it can be concluded that almost all OARs can be contoured with a similar degree of variability in either the CT or MR modality, which works in favor of MR images from the perspective of MR‐only and MR‐guided RT.
Ontological Collisions in the Northern Territory's Aboriginal Water Rights Policy
Authors: Jackson Sue , O'Donnell Erin , Godden Lee , Langton Marcia 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAmid a renewed push to extract water for agriculture and mining, Indigenous advocacy in northern Australia has resulted in the introduction of a new water allocation mechanism: a reserve of water to be retained for the use and benefit of Indigenous communities. Our socio‐legal analysis of the Oolloo Water Allocation Plan shows that the Strategic Aboriginal Water Reserves carry essential hallmarks of neoliberal property relations and are founded in the modernist mode of regulating extracted water as a commodity divisible from land, amenable to partitioning and disarticulated from socio‐cultural relations. Informed by ethnographic material from the Daly River region gathered over almost a century, we describe the hydro‐social relations that are created through customary traditions and practices, water planning and licencing, and the interaction between different scales of water movement and decision‐making by both the state and Traditional Owners. The paper contributes in several ways to research that has identified ontological conflicts as central to disagreements over water and pointed to the difficulty of articulating theoretical framings of ontological difference with the practical work of water negotiations. It shows how the new Indigenous water rights discourse that coincided with the commodification of water in wider Australia shaped the way in which Aboriginal people of this region have more recently articulated their relationships to the Daly River and the limits to state recognition of those relationships. We find that the Reserve model is unable to recognize the capacity of water to connect and unify people and other beings, as well as to define boundaries between them. Within a regime that facilitates resource extraction, a limited opening has been created for Aboriginal people to benefit from this model of economic development, yet we argue that there is reason to fear that the divisions the Aboriginal Water Reserve enacts between waters and land presents significant socio‐cultural risks.