bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional measures of macular function beyond visual acuity
Authors: Ríos Hernán Andrés , Lövestam-Adrian Monica , Plainis Sotiris , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis , Joussen Antonia M. , Keegan David , Charles Martin , Cunha-Vaz José , Midena Edoardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Visual function is a complex process in which external visual stimuli are interpreted. Patients with retinal diseases and prolonged follow-up times may experience changes in their visual function that are not detected by the standard visual acuity measure, as they are a result of other alterations in visual function. With the advancement of different methods to evaluate visual function, additional measurements have become available, and further standardization suggests that some methods may be promising for use in clinical trials or routine clinical practice. The objectives of this article are to review these additional measurements and to provide guidance on their application.

Methods
The Vision Academy’s membership of international retinal disease experts reviewed the literature and developed consensus recommendations for the application of additional measures of visual function in routine clinical practice or clinical trials.

Results
Measures such as low-luminance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, retinal fixation and microperimetry, and reading performance are measures which can complement visual acuity measurements to provide an assessment of overall visual function, including impact on patients’ quality of life. Measures such as dark adaptation, color vision testing, binocular vision testing, visual recognition testing, and shape discrimination require further optimization and validation before they can be implemented in everyday clinical practice.

Conclusion
Additional measurements of visual function may help identify patients who could benefit from earlier diagnosis, detection of disease progression, and therapeutic intervention. New and additional functional clinical trial endpoints are required to fully understand the early stages of macular disease, its progression, and the response to treatment.
Dynamic hip screw in proximal femoral fractures followed by “single-stage” hip arthroplasty—retrospective analysis
Authors: Hrubina Maros , Necas Libor , Sammoudi Diaa , Cabala Juraj , Lisy Peter , Holjencik Jozef , Melisik Marian , Cibula Zoltan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present the results of single-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) after Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) failure, or secondary posttraumatic osteoarthrosis. From 2003 to 2020, 15 THAs were performed in group of 15 patients for the treatment of DHS failure, or for late complications following femoral neck and pertrochanteric fractures. The mean follow-up period after arthroplasty was 46.9 months (range 7–139). The patients were evaluated retrospectively—both clinically and radiographically, focussing on the demography, infection rate and other complications (revision surgery), during the year 2023. 9 males and 6 females were included in the study, with a mean age of 56.5 years (range 29–93) at the time of primary osteosynthesis. Each of them had proximal femoral fracture treated primarily with a DHS and then late one-stage revision surgery, with hardware removal and THA implantation. The median time between DHS osteosynthesis and THA was 41.2 months (range 4–114). Four patients (26.6%) had complications after THA, with the need for revision in two cases (13.3%). Dislocation rate was 6.6% (one case), with the need for repeated-revision of THA. The infection rate was 6.6% (one patient) with the need for revision of THA. Peroperative periprosthetic femoral fracture was observed in 13.3% (two patients) without any other problems. Six patients (40%) died during the follow-up period. Single-stage total hip arthroplasty with concomitant hardware removal bears a high- mortality rate, with a higher incidence of postoperative complications compared to elective THA.
Early detection of nerve involvement in presymptomatic TTR mutation carriers: exploring potential markers of disease onset
Authors: Romano Angela , Guglielmino Valeria , Bisogni Giulia , Di Paolantonio Andrea , Truini Andrea , Minnella Angelo Maria , Sciarrone Maria Ausilia , Vitali Francesca , Maceroni Martina , Galosi Eleonora , Sabatelli Mario , Luigetti Marco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is a heterogeneous, progressive, multisystemic disease with a life-threatening course if left untreated. Given the current availability of effective therapies, close follow-up of presymptomatic TTR mutation carriers is essential to recognize disease onset at the earliest sign. In addition to routine techniques, in recent years several novel tools have been proposed, although a consensus on their use has not been reached yet. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate possible markers of neuropathic disease onset intended to discriminate clinically asymptomatic carriers from early symptomatic patients, thus allowing timely treatment initiation.

Methods
Thirty-eight presymptomatic carriers were enrolled. Clinical and electrophysiological findings at first evaluation and follow-up were collected. All carriers underwent an extensive clinical and instrumental evaluation according to the standard clinical practice. One or more non-routine investigations, whose use in this field is not yet validated (henceforth “unconventional”), were additionally assessed in a subgroup of individuals.

Results
Based on the exclusive use of routine investigations, it was possible to define disease onset in 4/38 carriers during the follow-up. Employing additionally one or more “unconventional” tests, abnormal findings, indicative of a possible “conversion” to symptomatic disease, were detected in further 12 cases. More than half of our study cohort showed findings suggestive of small nerve fiber (SF) involvement at either invasive or non-invasive tests.

Conclusions
A close, multidisciplinary monitoring of presymptomatic TTR mutation carriers is fundamental, and diagnostic workup should include both routine and “unconventional” tests. Assessment of SF involvement is important also in non-endemic countries.
Using social network analysis to track the evolution of Pacific food system research collaborations over time
Authors: Friedman Rachel S. , Mackenzie Ellis , Chan-Tung Asenati L. , Allen Matthew G. , Crimp Steven 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate change undermines the foundations of food and nutrition security, making it crucial to understand and improve the current research collaborations striving to fill knowledge gaps about the impacts on food systems. This study focuses on the network of research actors working on food systems and climate change in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), a region particularly vulnerable to climate change, and actively integrating knowledge about climate impacts to inform adaptation planning. Specifically, this study looks at co-publication as a form of research collaboration and co-production, using network analysis to understand who are the prominent organizational actors driving knowledge development in the region. Overall, we found a distinct core of these organizations engaged in the research space, dominated in number by academic institutions largely based in Australia, the USA, and New Zealand, but knit together through the interactions of the regional government agencies of the Pacific Islands. Over time, the network of research collaboration on climate change and food systems in the region has grown and diversified. While regional Pacific institutions have remained central actors throughout, national and subnational actors are still in the minority, raising questions about efforts to decolonize research in the region. Furthermore, greater interaction between peripheral actors and the core (especially Pacific actors) could help integrate new research into Pacific knowledge bases and decision-making. Ultimately, when facing the novel conditions that climate change brings, combining the infusion of new knowledge and innovation with local expertise and ownership is critical.
Comparison of X-ray Computed Tomography and Ultrasonic C-Scan Techniques and Numerical Modelling of Impact Damage in a CFRP Composite Laminate
Authors: Evans E. E. , Brooks R. A. , Liu J. , Hall Z. E. C. , Liu H. , Lowe T. J. E. , Withers P. J. , Kinloch A. J. , Dear J. P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTwo different experimental techniques are employed to visualize the impact damage generated by a low-velocity impact on a carbon-fibre reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composite laminate. At the relatively low impact-velocity of 1.69 m.s−1, and a corresponding impact energy of 7.5 J, used in the present work the damage induced in the CFRP panel is barely visible to the naked eye but the techniques of ultrasonic C-scan and X-ray computed tomography (CT) can detect the damage that has occurred. This damage is mostly interlaminar damage, i.e. delaminations, between the plies due to a change in modulus from one ply to the next in the laminate. This interlaminar damage is usually accompanied by intralaminar damage, e.g. matrix cracking, in the ply itself. The type and extent of damage detected from using these two techniques is discussed and the relative merits of these techniques are compared. In general, the CT gave the better resolved picture of damage but the lateral extent of the damage was underestimated relative to C-scan which was more sensitive to very fine delamination cracks. In addition, a numerical approach, based on a finite-element analysis model, is employed to predict the type, location and extent of damage generated by the impact event and the modelling predictions are compared to the experimental results.
Development and validation of the Workplace Learning Inventory in Health Sciences Education: a multimethod study
Authors: Steinberg Evelyn , Marsch Stephan , Yanagida Takuya , Dörrenbächer-Ulrich Laura , Pfeiffer Christopher , Bührle Petra , Schwarz Lukas , Auer Ulrike , Kleinsorgen Christin , Perels Franziska 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHealth sciences students face many challenges in regard to clinical practical learning. A better understanding of student learning is required to address student needs in this crucial phase. The theory of self-regulated learning provides a comprehensive view of learning and could serve as a basis for further research. There are instruments to assess self-regulated learning in preclinical academic learning. However, there are no such instruments for workplace learning. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive inventory from which researchers can select those scales that are relevant to their research questions in the investigation of workplace learning. Hence, the aim is to develop and validate a set of scales to assess undergraduates’ workplace learning in health sciences education in four areas (cognition, motivation, emotion, and context) on two levels (the learning process level and the metalevel). Study 1 is a qualitative multimethod study to identify indicators and develop items. It integrates the perspectives of students, teachers, and researchers and includes six steps: literature review, interviews, synthesis, item development, expert review, and cognitive pretesting. This study yields a set of scales for each area on both levels. Study 2 is a quantitative study to assess the psychometric properties. The results show acceptable values in terms of unidimensionality, reliability and validity for each of the 31 scales. The newly developed Workplace Learning Inventory is comprehensive; the scales are relevant to workplace learning and short enough that their administration is feasible in the workplace setting. The rigorous process of questionnaire development contributes to the validity of scales. By providing the Workplace Learning Inventory, we hope to encourage research on workplace learning in health sciences education from an educational psychology perspective.
ISCEV standard pattern reversal VEP development: paediatric reference limits from 649 healthy subjects
Authors: Thompson Dorothy A. , Mikó-Baráth Eszter , Hardy Sharon E. , Jandó Gábor , Shaw Martin , Hamilton Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To establish the extent of agreement for ISCEV standard reference pattern reversal VEPs (prVEPs) acquired at three European centres, to determine any effect of sex, and to establish reference intervals from birth to adolescence.

Methods
PrVEPs were recorded from healthy reference infants and children, aged 2 weeks to 16 years, from three centres using closely matched but non-identical protocols. Amplitudes and peak times were modelled with orthogonal quadratic and sigmoidal curves, respectively, and two-sided limits, 2.5th and 97.5th centiles, estimated using nonlinear quantile Bayesian regression. Data were compared by centre and by sex using median quantile confidence intervals. The ‘critical age’, i.e. age at which P100 peak time ceased to shorten, was calculated.

Results
Data from the three centres were adequately comparable. Sex differences were not clinically meaningful. The pooled data showed rapid drops in P100 peak time which stabilised by 27 and by 34 weeks for large and small check widths, respectively. Post-critical-age reference limits were 87–115 ms and 96–131 ms for large and small check widths, respectively. Amplitudes varied markedly and reference limits for all ages were 5–57 μV and 3.5–56 μV for large and small check widths, respectively.

Conclusions
PrVEP reference data could be combined despite some methodology differences within the tolerances of the ISCEV VEP Standard, supporting the clinical benefit of ISCEV Standards. Comparison with historical data is hampered by lack of minimum reporting guidelines. The reference data presented here could be validated or transformed for use elsewhere.
Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the application of Mendelian randomisation to lifecourse epidemiology: A systematic literature review
Authors: Power Grace M. , Sanderson Eleanor , Pagoni Panagiota , Fraser Abigail , Morris Tim , Prince Claire , Frayling Timothy M. , Heron Jon , Richardson Tom G. , Richmond Rebecca , Tyrrell Jessica , Warrington Nicole , Davey Smith George , Howe Laura D. , Tilling Kate M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiseases diagnosed in adulthood may have antecedents throughout (including prenatal) life. Gaining a better understanding of how exposures at different stages in the lifecourse influence health outcomes is key to elucidating the potential benefits of disease prevention strategies. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is increasingly used to estimate causal effects of exposures across the lifecourse on later life outcomes. This systematic literature review explores MR methods used to perform lifecourse investigations and reviews previous work that has utilised MR to elucidate the effects of factors acting at different stages of the lifecourse. We conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, Medline and MedRXiv databases. Thirteen methodological studies were identified. Four studies focused on the impact of time-varying exposures in the interpretation of “standard” MR techniques, five presented methods for repeat measures of the same exposure, and four described methodological approaches to handling multigenerational exposures. A further 127 studies presented the results of an applied research question. Over half of these estimated effects in a single generation and were largely confined to the exploration of questions regarding body composition. The remaining mostly estimated maternal effects. There is a growing body of research focused on the development and application of MR methods to address lifecourse research questions. The underlying assumptions require careful consideration and the interpretation of results rely on select conditions. Whilst we do not advocate for a particular strategy, we encourage practitioners to make informed decisions on how to approach a research question in this field with a solid understanding of the limitations present and how these may be affected by the research question, modelling approach, instrument selection, and data availability.
New Economic Model of Eutrophication of Shallow Lakes and the Existence of Equivalent Policies
Authors: Bayón Luis , Ayuso Pedro Fortuny , Grau José M. , Ruiz María M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe search for Skiba points in infinite-time optimal control problems with several steady states is an active research area. In this paper, we apply the backward integration method and show its power and relative simplicity as a tool for this task. We apply the method for the classical model of the economy shallow lake based on the phosphorous dynamics and explicitly compute the optimal trajectories and the Skiba points. We also suggest a more natural welfare function, which takes into account the finite value of any economic resource, and show, again in an explicit manner, that it also possesses Skiba points.
The asset administration shell as enabler for predictive maintenance: a review
Authors: Rahal Jhonny Rodriguez , Schwarz Alexander , Sahelices Benjamín , Weis Ronny , Antón Simon Duque 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe emergence of the Internet of Things and the interconnection of systems and machines enables the idea of Industry 4.0, a new industrial paradigm with a strong focus on interaction and communication between physical and digital entities, leading to the creation of cyber-physical systems. The digital twin and the standard for the Asset Administration Shell are concepts derived from Industry 4.0 that exploit the advantages of connecting the physical and virtual domains, improving the management and display of the collected data. Furthermore, the increasing availability of data has enabled the implementation of data-driven approaches, such as machine and deep learning models, for predictive maintenance in industrial and automotive applications. This paper provides a two-dimensional review of the Asset Administration Shell and data-driven methods for predictive maintenance, including fault diagnosis and prognostics. Additionally, a digital twin architecture combining the Asset Administration Shell, predictive maintenance and data-driven methods is proposed within the context of the WaVe project.
Centenary Personality: Are There Psychological Resources that Distinguish Centenarians?
Authors: Merino Mª Dolores , Sánchez-Ortega Marta , Elvira-Flores Elvira , Mateo-Rodríguez Inmaculada 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe number of centenarians is increasing year by year. Considering that happier people are likely to live longer, we asked ourselves whether healthy centenarians share psychological resources or positive personality characteristics that have enabled them to face traumatic situations and the challenges life more successfully. To our knowledge this is an issue that has not been sufficiently researched. Mixed methodology was applied. Qualitative Study 1: Nineteen centenarians participated between 100 and 107 years old of which 16 were women. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews about their life story were done. Quantitative Study 2: The purpose was to control the results of Study 1. Fifteen proxies for the centenarians participated. Results: In Study 1, 35 psychological resources were identified, of which 19 were central or identifying resources of the centenarians, and 16 peripheral or the product of individual differences. The central resources were grouped into six categories: vitality, taking pleasure in interaction, commitment, control, intellectually motivated and positivity, with resilience and intelligence added. The results in Study 2 were completely concordant. In conclusion, analysis of the lives of healthy centenarians provides us with knowledge that could help in achieving a healthy old age. Additionally, the study opens up new lines of research.
Tribological Behaviour of Ti6Al4V Alloy: An Application in Small Joint Implants
Authors: Odehnal Lukáš , Ranuša Matúš , Vrbka Martin , Křupka Ivan , Hartl Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe presented study deals with the analysis of the tribological behaviour of the Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured conventionally. The study aimed to verify whether the titanium alloy is suitable for use as a contact material in small joint implants, as additive manufacturing of this alloy can in the future provide certain benefits, such as individualization and simplification of the implant construction, or controlled porosity. The tested pair consisted of a pin and a glass plate lubricated with model synovial fluid. The contact area was observed with colorimetric interferometry. Alongside film thickness, friction, and wear scars were measured. From the designed experimental conditions, the titanium alloy was not able to create a sufficiently thick lubrication film to overcome its surface roughness and damage to contact surfaces occurred. Friction was comparable for all the tested configurations. The application of conventionally manufactured titanium alloy as a contact surface in small joint implants seems to not be suitable since its performance fell short when compared to conventional cobaltous alloy. Nevertheless, there are various alternative methods available, such as unconventional manufacturing, polishing, surface texturing, and coating.
Graphical Abstract
New Frontiers in Health Literacy: Using ChatGPT to Simplify Health Information for People in the Community
Authors: Ayre Julie , Mac Olivia , McCaffery Kirsten , McKay Brad R. , Liu Mingyi , Shi Yi , Rezwan Atria , Dunn Adam G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Most health information does not meet the health literacy needs of our communities. Writing health information in plain language is time-consuming but the release of tools like ChatGPT may make it easier to produce reliable plain language health information.

Objective
To investigate the capacity for ChatGPT to produce plain language versions of health texts.

Design
Observational study of 26 health texts from reputable websites.

Methods
ChatGPT was prompted to ‘rewrite the text for people with low literacy’. Researchers captured three revised versions of each original text.

Main Measures
Objective health literacy assessment, including Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), proportion of the text that contains complex language (%), number of instances of passive voice and subjective ratings of key messages retained (%).

Key Results
On average, original texts were written at grade 12.8 (SD = 2.2) and revised to grade 11.0 (SD = 1.2), p < 0.001. Original texts were on average 22.8% complex (SD = 7.5%) compared to 14.4% (SD = 5.6%) in revised texts, p < 0.001. Original texts had on average 4.7 instances (SD = 3.2) of passive text compared to 1.7 (SD = 1.2) in revised texts, p < 0.001. On average 80% of key messages were retained (SD = 15.0). The more complex original texts showed more improvements than less complex original texts. For example, when original texts were ≥ grade 13, revised versions improved by an average 3.3 grades (SD = 2.2), p < 0.001. Simpler original texts (< grade 11) improved by an average 0.5 grades (SD = 1.4), p < 0.001.

Conclusions
This study used multiple objective assessments of health literacy to demonstrate that ChatGPT can simplify health information while retaining most key messages. However, the revised texts typically did not meet health literacy targets for grade reading score, and improvements were marginal for texts that were already relatively simple.