bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refolding, Crystallization, and Crystal Structure Analysis of a Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Domain of Human Salivary Agglutinin Expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Changyu , Lu Peng , Wei Sibo , Hu Chaoyue , Miyoshi Mitsuko , Okamoto Ken , Itoh Hideaki , Okuda Suguru , Suzuki Michio , Kawakami Hiroshi , Nagata Koji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractScavenger receptors are a protein superfamily that typically consists of one or more repeats of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich structural domain (SRCRD), which is an ancient and highly conserved protein module. The expression and purification of eukaryotic proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds has always been challenging. The expression systems that are commonly used to express SRCRD proteins mainly consist of eukaryotic protein expression systems. Herein, we established a high-level expression strategy of a Type B SRCRD unit from human salivary agglutinin using the Escherichia coli expression system, followed by a refolding and purification process. The untagged recombinant SRCRD was expressed in E. coli using the pET-32a vector, which was followed by a refolding process using the GSH/GSSG redox system. The SRCRD expressed in E. coli SHuffle T7 showed better solubility after refolding than that expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), suggesting the importance of the disulfide bond content prior to refolding. The quality of the refolded protein was finally assessed using crystallization and crystal structure analysis. As proteins refolded from inclusion bodies exhibit a high crystal quality and reproducibility, this method is considered a reliable strategy for SRCRD protein expression and purification. To further confirm the structural integrity of the refolded SRCRD protein, the purified protein was subjected to crystallization using sitting-drop vapor diffusion method. The obtained crystals of SRCRD diffracted X-rays to a resolution of 1.47 Å. The solved crystal structure appeared to be highly conserved, with four disulfide bonds appropriately formed. The surface charge distribution of homologous SRCRD proteins indicates that the negatively charged region at the surface is associated with their calcium-dependent ligand recognition. These results suggest that a high-quality SRCRD protein expressed by E. coli SHuffle T7 can be successfully folded and purified, providing new options for the expression of members of the scavenger receptor superfamily.
Debittering of “Ayvalık” and “Gemlik” olives with caustic, brine, and NaOH solutions affects oil content and fatty acid profiles at the beginning and end of fermentation
Authors: Ahmed Isam A. Mohamed , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Mohammed Belal M. , Karrar Emad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe oil results of the scratched “Ayvalık” and “Gemlik” olive varieties on the 0th day of fermentation were determined between 50.01 (lye) and 67.57% (NaOH) to 57.35 (salt) and 72.95% (NaOH), respectively. The oil results of scratched “Ayvalık” and “Gemlik” olives on the 60th day of fermentation were determined between 61.04 (salt) and 64.03% (water) to 55.89 (salt) and 61.95% (NaOH), respectively. While the oil contents of “Ayvalık” and “Gemlik” olive cultivars that were scratched and crushed at the beginning of fermentation (0 day) were higher than the control, the oil results of whole olives were lower than the control. Significant changes were observed in the fatty acid compositions of olive oils depending on the olive variety and the bittering process (p < 0.01). The dominant fatty acids of the oils obtained from olives on the 0th and 60th days of fermentation were oleic, palmitic and linoleic acid. The fatty acid composition of the oils depending on the applied process and olive types differed at days 0 and 60 of fermentation. It can be said that on the 0th and 60th days of fermentation, the oleic acid results of olives of both varieties increased compared to the control. The oleic acid contents of the oils obtained from “scratched” olives of “Ayvalık” varieties at the beginning and end of fermentation varied between 70.10 (NaOH) and 71.66% (lye) to 64.91 (NaOH) and 71.51% (normal water), respectively. It can be seen that debittering processes significantly reduced the amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. In general, it has been observed that olive oils have higher oil contents and better fatty acid compositions.
Graphical abstract
The oil content and fatty acid profile distributions of the olives, which give taste and flavor to the olives, must also be monitored before and after fermentation. Research work was carried out to investigate the oil results and fatty acid compositions of the oils obtained from “Ayval?k” and “Gemlik” olives debittered with different solutions and fermented.
Income Trajectories and Precarity in Later life
Authors: Marshall Alan , Eke Chima , Guthrie Bruce , Pugh Carys , Seth Sohan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper captures trajectories of income in later-life and considers how membership of particular income trajectories is patterned by social class, sex and precarity in housing, pensions relationships, care and retirement. Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2002-19) for over-50s, latent class analysis identifies 10 income trajectory clusters and on the basis of comparable income levels from around statutory retirement age (65), we further condense these clusters to four income trajectory groups of ‘Luxury’ (at or above £500 per week in retirement; 14%), Comfortable (£300-£500 per week in retirement; 28%), ‘Boom-to-Bust’ (increasing to £600 per week at age 70, falling to around £200 over age 80; 4%) and ‘Always Poor’ (typically less than £300 per week in retirement; 54%). Experiences of precarity and lower socio-economic position are independently associated with greater relative risks of being ‘Always Poor’ and lower relative risks of being in the ‘Luxury’ group, compared to the ‘Comfortable’ group. For example, those who always rent a house are 2 times (p < 0.001) more likely to be ‘Always Poor’ and 0.32 times (p < 0.001) less likely to be in the ‘Luxury’ than ‘Comfortable group. Women are at more risk of being ‘Always Poor’ (RRR = 1.34, p < 0.001) in an unadjusted model, but the association attenuates and is not significant after controlling for pensions and partnership dissolution. Within groups, there are differences in the extent of volatility in income trajectories around retirement age across the ten clusters, that is associated with social class, pension type, involuntary retirement and partnership dissolution.
Der Professionelle Blick von Sportlehrkräften – Revisited
Authors: Reuker Sabine , Schicklinski Karin 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag schließt an konzeptionelle Überlegungen zum Professionellen Blick an, die vor mehr als zehn Jahren in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlicht wurden. Mit der selektiven Aufmerksamkeit, fundierten Deutung und – etwas später – reflektierten Entscheidungsfindung umfasst das Konzept drei zentrale Fähigkeiten, die als Voraussetzungen dafür gesehen werden, dass Lehrkräfte situationsangepasst und pädagogisch reflektiert handeln können. Dabei dient das Konzept unter einer kognitiv-psychologischen Perspektive insbesondere als theoretischer Orientierungsrahmen zur Untersuchung und Förderung individueller Fähigkeiten der Lehrkräfte im Kontext der Lernförderung. Der Professionelle Blick auf Bildungsgerechtigkeit oder Diskriminierungsprozesse wird unter diesem konzeptionellen Verständnis allerdings nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Hierzu wird von Wissenschaftler*innen die Einbeziehung einer sozio-kulturellen Perspektive eingefordert, die die gesellschaftliche sowie fachkulturelle Eingebundenheit des Professionellen Blicks und die Multidimensionalität der drei Fähigkeiten hervorhebt. Die Weiterentwicklungen werden in diesem Beitrag in Kürze skizziert und anhand ausgewählter Interviewpassagen aus bereits vorliegenden Daten fachspezifisch veranschaulicht. Anliegen des Beitrags ist es, unter Bezugnahme auf die Weiterentwicklungen Konsequenzen für die Professionalisierung des Professionellen Blicks von Sportlehrkräften zu diskutieren.
Influence of Wetland and Landscape Characteristics on Freshwater Turtle Relative Abundance and Movement Patterns in West Virginia, USA
Authors: Becker Darien N. , Brown Donald J. , Anderson James T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWetland management practices often alter habitat characteristics to improve the function of the wetland (e.g., removing emergent vegetation for aesthetics or dredging for fish stocking), potentially at the cost of reducing habitat quality for wetland-dependent species such as freshwater turtles. We identified wetland and surrounding landscape characteristics related to painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) and snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) relative abundance and snapping turtle movement among wetlands. We surveyed turtles at 29 wetland sites (0.04–1.71 ha) in a mixed-use watershed in north-central West Virginia, USA, where hardwood forests and wetlands have been heavily fragmented by agriculture and roads. We also applied radio transmitters to 33 adult snapping turtles (17 females and 16 males) across 17 wetlands. Snapping turtle relative abundance was best estimated with mean substrate depth, mean wetland depth, and minimum distance from roads. Painted turtle relative abundance was best estimated with the null model. We documented movement among wetlands for 22 snapping turtles (67%), including 10 females and 12 males. The probability of inter-wetland movement decreased with increased minimum distance from wetlands. Our results suggest that the focal turtle species readily used shallow, mucky wetlands with deep substrate and that increasing the density of wetlands could increase snapping turtle population connectivity. Managers could consider restoring a diversity of wetland types that result in reduced travel distance between wetlands and that collectively have characteristics conducive to multiple species.
Safety and efficacy of non-reduced use of caspofungin in patients with Child–Pugh B or C cirrhosis: a real-world study
Authors: Yuan Shi-Dan , Wen Ke-Li , Cao Yun-Xing , Huang Wen-Qi , Zhang An 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
The need for dose adjustment of caspofungin in patients with hepatic impairment is controversial, especially for those with Child–Pugh B or C cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of standard-dose caspofungin administration in Child–Pugh B and C cirrhotic patients in a real-world clinical setting.

Patients and methods
The electronic medical records of 258 cirrhotic patients, including 67 Child–Pugh B patients and 191 Child–Pugh C patients, who were treated with standard-dose of caspofungin at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, from March 2018 to June 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. The white blood cells (WBC), hepatic, renal and coagulation function results before administration and post administration on days 7, 14 and 21 were collected, and the efficacy was assessed in all patients at the end of caspofungin therapy.

Results
Favorable responses were achieved in 137 (53.1%) patients while 34 (13.2%) patients died. We observed that some patients experienced an increase of prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR), or a decrease of WBC, but no exacerbation of hepatic or renal dysfunction were identified and no patient required dose interruption or adjustment because of an adverse drug reaction during treatment with caspofungin.

Conclusions
Standard-dose of caspofungin can be safely and effectively used in patients with Child–Pugh B or C cirrhosis, and we appealed to re-assess the most suitable dosing regimen in this population to avoid a potential subtherapeutic exposure.
Clinical importance in Alzheimer’s disease: effects of anchor agreement and disease severity
Authors: Stojanovic Marta , Mikula Cynthia , John Samantha , Kiselica Andrew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Methods of evaluating clinically meaningful decline are critical in research on Alzheimer’s disease. A common method of quantifying clinically meaningful change is to calculate an anchor-based minimal clinically important difference (MCID) score. In this approach, individuals who report a meaningful change serve as the “anchors”, and the mean level of change for this group serves as the MCID. In research on Alzheimer’s disease, there are several possible anchors, including patients, knowledgeable observers (e.g., a family member), and clinicians. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which agreement among anchors impacts MCID estimation and whether this relationship is moderated by cognitive severity status.

Methods
Analyses were completed on a longitudinal sample of 2247 adults, aged 50–103, from the Uniform Data Set. Outcome measures included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clinical Dementia Rating—Sum of Boxes, and Functional Activities Questionnaire.

Results
For all of the outcomes, the MCID estimate was significantly higher when meaningful decline was endorsed by all of the anchors compared to when there was disagreement among the anchors. In addition, the MCID estimate was higher with increasing severity of cognitive impairment. Finally, cognitive severity status moderated the influence of agreement among anchors on MCID estimation; as disease severity increased, anchor agreement demonstrated less influence on the MCID.

Conclusions
MCID estimates based on one anchor may underestimate meaningful change, and researchers should consider the viewpoints of multiple anchors in constructing MCIDs, particularly in the early stages of cognitive decline.
Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Crude Oil Vapor
Authors: Fedan Jeffrey S. , Thompson Janet A. , Sager Tina M. , Roberts Jenny R. , Joseph Pius , Krajnak Kristine , Kan Hong , Sriram Krishnan , Weatherly Lisa M. , Anderson Stacey E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to assess the toxicological consequences of crude oil vapor (COV) exposure in the workplace through evaluation of the most current epidemiologic and laboratory-based studies in the literature.

Recent Findings
Crude oil is a naturally occuring mixture of hydrocarbon deposits, inorganic and organic chemical compounds. Workers engaged in upstream processes of oil extraction are exposed to a number of risks and hazards, including getting crude oil on their skin or inhaling crude oil vapor. There have been several reports of workers who died as a result of inhalation of high levels of COV released upon opening thief hatches atop oil storage tanks. Although many investigations into the toxicity of specific hydrocarbons following inhalation during downstream oil processing have been conducted, there is a paucity of information on the potential toxicity of COV exposure itself.

Summary
This review assesses current knowledge of the toxicological consequences of exposures to COV in the workplace.
Housing, Homelessness and Disability: the Commodification of a Core Human Right and Breach of This Right for People with Disability
Authors: O’Donovan Mary-Ann , Whittle Erin Louise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Access to housing is a recognised human right across international conventions. Yet this right is rarely legislated for within individual countries. In parallel, housing has increasingly become a much sought-after commodity, one in which the accumulation of multiple properties or “homes” is a way of future-proofing for retirement. Large inequities exist across society in terms of who has a home, those who have multiple homes and those who are at risk of homelessness or are homeless. People with disability are particularly more likely to be (over-)represented in the latter group.

Methods
An environmental scan of contemporary policy, practise and developments on homelessness and disability in Australia sought to examine the current government response to structural and systematic issues which lead to homelessness and neglect for people with disability. A comparison between international practise and policy is made, with a particular focus on examples of effective rights-based interventions, where they exist.

Results
Ninety-six documents of varying types were included in the environmental scan.

Conclusions
People with disability are frequently excluded from current disability and homelessness policy. Policies can and should be amended to instigate structural change which incorporates them. Embedding the human right to housing within national legislation is one way to enforce structural change.
Je weniger Grenzen umso länger? Die Wirkung von arbeitgeber:innenseitig flexiblen und entgrenzten Arbeitszeiten auf die wöchentliche Arbeitszeit
Authors: Stadler Bettina 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht anhand repräsentativer Daten für Österreich die Auswirkungen von arbeitgeber:innenseitiger Flexibilisierung und Entgrenzung auf die Länge der Arbeitszeit. Eingebettet wird dieses Thema in die aktuelle Diskussion zu Entgrenzung zwischen Arbeit und Leben. Der Begriff Entgrenzung von Arbeit bezieht sich auf das zunehmende Verschwimmen der Grenze zwischen Zeiten der Erwerbsarbeit und anderen Zeiten. Getrieben wird dies sowohl von Anforderungen der Arbeitnehmer:innen als auch der Arbeitgeber:innen. Im Beitrag wird die Frage nach einem direkten Zusammenhang zwischen der Stärke der arbeitgeber:innenseitigen Flexibilität und Entgrenzung und der Dauer der Arbeitszeit herausgegriffen und empirisch bearbeitet. Zusätzlich wird der Einfluss weiterer Faktoren für längere bzw. kürzere Arbeitszeiten geprüft. Abschließend werden auf Basis der Ergebnisse der Untersuchung Vorschläge für Maßnahmen für die Gestaltung flexibler und mit einem guten, gesunden Leben vereinbarer Arbeitszeiten formuliert.Praktische Relevanz:Arbeitszeiten werden innerhalb von Unternehmen festgelegt, die Rahmenbedingungen und Möglichkeiten der betrieblichen Gestaltung von Arbeitszeiten sind Gegenstand von Vereinbarungen zwischen den Interessenvertretungen der Arbeitgeber- und Arbeitnehmer:innen und von politischen Entscheidungen. Für gute betriebliche und (interessen-)politische Entscheidungen ist empirische Evidenz erforderlich, die die Möglichkeiten aber auch die Gefahren der Gestaltung von Arbeitszeiten aufzeigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet dazu einen Beitrag.
“It Just Makes It Feel Like You’re Not Alone”: A Qualitative Study of a Social Support Group for High-Achieving, Low-Income STEM Majors
Authors: LaDue Nicole D. , Zocher Erika , Dugas Daryl 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe higher education community continues to pursue solutions to the alarming number of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) undergraduates leaving their degree programs. This qualitative study investigated the experiences of 12 STEM scholarship recipients in a near-peer-mentored social support group at a large Midwestern university. The goal of this study was to investigate the scholars’ challenges and supports prior to and while participating in a weekly peer group through the lens of the Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory model. This case study triangulated the experiences of the peer group participants using pre-group individual interviews, peer leader reflections, and a focus group. The pre-group interviews revealed that the participants experienced challenges associated with the rigor of their courses, self-imposed pressure, and unsupportive relationships. Supports for their persistence prior to the peer group included their internal drive to achieve their goals and supportive relationships, particularly with family. The focus group revealed that the peer group provided a non-academic space to connect with peers, facilitated sense of belonging, and normalized their struggle as STEM majors, broadening their perception of science identity. Paradoxically, although participants highlighted personal disclosure as key to promoting social support, they indicated their greatest challenge in the peer group was discomfort with sharing.
What Makes a Good Theory, and How Do We Make a Theory Good?
Authors: Guest Olivia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractI present an ontology of criteria for evaluating theory to answer the titular question from the perspective of a scientist practitioner. Set inside a formal account of our adjudication over theories, a metatheoretical calculus, this ontology comprises the following: (a) metaphysical commitment, the need to highlight what parts of theory are not under investigation, but are assumed, asserted, or essential; (b) discursive survival, the ability to be understood by interested non-bad actors, to withstand scrutiny within the intended (sub)field(s), and to negotiate the dialectical landscape thereof; (c) empirical interface, the potential to explicate the relationship between theory and observation, i.e., how observations relate to, and affect, theory and vice versa; (d) minimising harm, the reckoning with how theory is forged in a fire of historical, if not ongoing, abuses—from past crimes against humanity, to current exploitation, turbocharged or hyped by machine learning, to historical and present internal academic marginalisation. This work hopes to serve as a possible beginning for scientists who want to examine the properties and characteristics of theories, to propose additional virtues and vices, and to engage in further dialogue. Finally, I appeal to practitioners to iterate frequently over such criteria, by building and sharing the metatheoretical calculi used to adjudicate over theories.
Chemical control of the polyphagous shot hole borer beetle (PSHB, Euwallacea fornicatus) and Fusarium euwallaceae in American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Authors: Roberts Elise , Paap Trudy , Roets Francois 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe polyphagous shot hole borer beetle (PSHB, Euwallacea fornicatus) is a pest of global significance. PSHB is an ambrosia beetle which, together with its mutualistic fungi (including Fusarium euwallaceae), can cause the death of more than 100 tree species in invaded ranges. Management of PSHB mostly relies on the removal of infested plant material. Chemical control options have been investigated only in the USA and Israel and only on a few tree species. This study evaluated four chemical treatments for the therapeutic control of PSHB on American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) in South Africa (1) bifenthrin + surfactant (alcohol ethoxylate), (2) cypermethrin + surfactant (vitamin E) + salicylic acid, (3) emamectin benzoate, and (4) propiconazole. Trees were inoculated with F. euwallaceae and mature PSHB females using a novel technique to document fungal lesion development and PSHB colony establishment success. The bifenthrin and cypermethrin treatments reduced additional PSHB colonisation attempts on treated trees by ca. 40%, while the other treatments had no effect. Colony establishment success was reduced in all treatments by between 20 and 40%. Fungal growth was inhibited only after the application of propiconazole by ca. 36%. Gallery length and the number of PSHB individuals in successful colonies were unaffected by any of the chemical treatments. These results indicate that chemical control of PSHB is only partially effective. Successful PSHB management will likely depend on a combination of chemical control options and other control strategies in an integrated pest management program.