bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau accumulation and atrophy predict amyloid independent cognitive decline in aging
Authors: Fonseca Corrina S. , Baker Suzanne L. , Dobyns Lindsey , Janabi Mustafa , Jagust William J. , Harrison Theresa M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAmyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology are cross‐sectionally associated with atrophy and cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSWe investigated relationships between concurrent longitudinal measures of Aβ (Pittsburgh compound B [PiB] positron emission tomography [PET]), tau (flortaucipir [FTP] PET), atrophy (structural magnetic resonance imaging), episodic memory (EM), and non‐memory (NM) in 78 cognitively healthy older adults (OA).RESULTSEntorhinal FTP change was correlated with EM decline regardless of Aβ, but meta‐temporal FTP and global PiB change were only associated with EM and NM decline in Aβ+ OA. Voxel‐wise analyses revealed significant associations between temporal lobe FTP change and EM decline in all groups. PiB and FTP change were not associated with structural change, suggesting a functional or microstructural mechanism linking these measures to cognitive decline.DISCUSSIONOur results show that longitudinal Aβ is linked to cognitive decline only in the presence of elevated Aβ, but longitudinal temporal lobe tau is associated with memory decline regardless of Aβ status.Highlights
Entorhinal tau change was associated with memory decline in older adults (OA), regardless of amyloid beta (Aβ).
Greater meta‐region of interest (ROI) tau change correlated with memory decline in Aβ+ OA.
Voxel‐wise temporal tau change correlated with memory decline, regardless of Aβ.
Meta‐ROI tau and global amyloid change correlated with non‐memory change in Aβ+ OA.
Tau and amyloid accumulation were not associated with structural change in OA.
Advances in sample preparation methods for pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants: A focus on Nepal
Authors: Pandey Sudip , Pant Poonam , Dall'Acqua Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMedicinal plant safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the continued overuse of pesticides to their maximum residue limits. Due to the high demand for medicinal plants, their production is being increased and sometimes protected by pesticide use. The analysis of these residues requires robust analytical methods to ensure the safety and quality of medicinal plants. Developing effective sample preparation for detecting pesticides is challenging, due to their diverse natures, classes, and physico‐chemical characteristics. Hence, existing techniques and strategies are needed to improve the reliability of the results. The review discusses the current state of sample preparation techniques, analytical methods, and instrumental technologies employed in pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants. It highlights the challenges, limitations, and advancements in the field, providing insights into the analytical strategies used to detect and quantify pesticide residues. Reliable, accessible, affordable, and high‐resolution analytical procedures are essential to ensure that pesticide levels in medicinal plants are effectively regulated. By understanding the complexities of pesticide residue analysis in medicinal plants, this review article aims to support the conservation of medicinal plant resources, promote public health, and contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for ensuring the safety and quality of medicinal plants in Nepal. The findings of this review will benefit researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in the conservation of medicinal plant resources and the promotion of public health.
Multiple Force‐Triggered Downconverted and Upconverted Emission in Polymers Containing Diels‐Alder Adducts
Authors: Zhu Guohua , Zhang Qiaoyu , Yu Tianjun , Chen Jinping , Hu Rui , Yang Guoqiang , Zeng Yi , Li Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFluorescent mechanophores can indicate the deformation or damage in polymers. The development of mechanophores with multi‐triggered response is of great interest. Herein, Diels‐Alder (DA) adducts are incorporated into linear poly(methyl acrylate) PMA‐BA and network poly(hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) as mechanophores to detect the stress caused by ultrasound, freezing, and compression. The DA mechanophores undergo retro‐DA reaction to release 9‐styrylanthracene chromophore upon applying force, resulting in cyan fluorescence. The dissociation ratio of the DA mechanophore after pulsed ultrasonication of PMA‐BA solution for 240 minutes is estimated to be 52 % by absorption spectra and 1H NMR. Additionally, the rate constant of mechanical cleavage is calculated to be 1.2×10−4 min−1⋅kDa−1 with the decrease in molecular weight from 69 to 22 kDa measured by gel permeation chromatography. Freezing of PHMA gels as well as compression of PHMA bulk samples turn‐on the DA mechanophores, revealing the microscale fracture. Photon upconversion responses toward various force stimuli are also achieved in both polymer solutions and bulk samples by doping platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) or palladium meso‐tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (PdTPTBP) sensitizers with multiple excitation wavelengths.
The potential role of precision medicine to alleviate racial disparities in prostate, bladder and renal urological cancer care
Authors: Sindhu Kunal K. , Dovey Zachary , Thompson Marcher , Nehlsen Anthony D. , Skalina Karin A. , Malachowska Beata , Hasan Shaakir , Guha Chandan , Tang Justin , Salgado Lucas Resende 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRacial disparities in oncological outcomes resulting from differences in social determinants of health (SDOH) and tumour biology are well described in prostate cancer (PCa) but similar inequities exist in bladder (BCa) and renal cancers (RCCs). Precision medicine (PM) aims to provide personalized treatment based on individual patient characteristics and has the potential to reduce these inequities in GU cancers.ObjectiveThis article aims to review the current evidence outlining racial disparities in GU cancers and explore studies demonstrating improved oncological outcomes when PM is applied to racially diverse patient populations.Evidence acquisitionEvidence was obtained from Pubmed and Web of Science using keywords prostate, bladder and renal cancer, racial disparity and precision medicine. Because limited studies were found, preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were not applied but rather related articles were studied to explore existing debates, identify the current status and speculate on future applications.ResultsEvidence suggests addressing SDOH for PCa can reverse racial inequities in oncological outcomes but differences in incidence remain. Similar disparities in BCa and RCC are seen, and it would be reasonable to suggest achieving parity in SDOH for all races would do the same. Research applying a PM approach to different ethnicities is lacking although in African Americans (AAs) with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) better outcomes have been shown with androgen receptor inhibitors, radium‐223 and sipuleucel. Exploiting the abscopal effect with targeted radiation therapy (RT) and immunotherapy has promise but requires further study, as does defining actionable mutations in specific patient groups to tailor treatments as appropriate.ConclusionFor all GU cancers, the historical underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in clinical trials still exists and there is an urgent need for recruitment strategies to address this. PM is a promising development with the potential to reduce inequities in GU cancers, however, both improved understanding of race‐specific tumour biology, and enhanced recruitment of minority populations into clinical trials are required. Without this, the benefits of PM will be limited.
The urban community college: An overview
Authors: Smith Everrett A. , Miller Michael T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUrban community colleges have been studied primarily from a case study perspective, often highlighted by doctoral students conducting research at their institutions. Little of this scholarship, however, has been translated into the base of literature, as less than 5% of the citations in the largest search engines are focused on urban community colleges. The article begins by exploring what “urban” means, primarily using the complex and evolving definition from the US Census Bureau. Then it explores this case study research on urban community colleges' mission, organization, students, and faculty. The article concludes with a strong recommendation for identifying and making available rigorous data to guide a more systematic approach to studying urban community colleges.
Cardiac arrest in a newborn: A case of pseudohypoaldosteronism
Authors: Tauber Kate A. , Ermacor Kimberly , Listman James 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessagePseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a rare disease that can cause life‐threatening hyperkalemia, which could lead to cardiac arrest and death if not recognized and treated quickly. We report a case of a neonate who was diagnosed with PHA type 1 and found to have a novel variant gene mutation on the NR3C2 gene. A 5‐day‐old newborn presented in cardiac arrest with severe hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis. Hypothermia treatment was initiated due to suspected hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy as well as electrolyte management with IV fluids and bicarbonate for the metabolic acidosis. Clinical suspicion and subsequent diagnostic testing led to a diagnosis of the renal form of PHA type 1. Genetic testing revealed a novel mutation on the NR3C2 gene of unknown significance (c.2891_2893dup plle964dup). The baby was discharged home on supplemental sodium and high‐calorie formula for catch‐up growth. Outpatient follow‐up is ongoing, and the dose of sodium supplement was slowly decreased and discontinued at 2 years. There is evidence for developmental delays which is likely secondary to the cardiac arrest although the MRI during hospitalization was noted to be within normal limits. Having a high clinical suspicion for pseudohypoaldosteronism is paramount to initiating treatment and preventing potential cardiac arrest and death in these patients. Novel mutations such as this one need to be further explored to determine their significance with this disease.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in patient with 1p36 deletion
Authors: Zihra Midhat , Rehmaan Ibad , Amjed Saman , Abbass Khawar , Khan Ata ullah , Haq Anwaar ul , Hashim Hashim Talib , Iqbal Khadija , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa , Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Hashim Ali Talib 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case underscores the atypical presentation of late‐onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a 9‐old with 1p36 deletion syndrome. Recognition of respiratory distress and abdominal symptoms is crucial for intervention.AbstractCongenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a condition characterized by the protrusion of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity due to a defect in the diaphragm. While typically observed in the neonatal period, CDH can present in later life. This case report describes the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a nine‐year‐old boy with 1p36 deletion syndrome who presented with respiratory distress, abdominal pain, vomiting, and anorexia. The initial diagnosis was tension pneumothorax, and thus the patient underwent chest tube placement. However, a high‐resolution CT scan revealed a left hemidiaphragmatic hernia, and the patient eventually underwent an emergency laparotomy due to acute‐onset respiratory distress. Intraoperatively, a diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia with gastric perforation was made, and the CDH and gastric perforations were resolved successfully. This case highlights the importance of considering late‐presenting CDH as a possible diagnosis in pediatric patients with similar symptoms and the radiological findings suggestive of tension pneumothorax. Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention can lead to successful management of such cases.
Type V gastric ulcer: An unusual etiology of gastrosplenic fistula associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad Nadeem , Dahal Riyasha , Phull Subeena , Aryal Vinayak , Neupane Karun , Ertugrul Hamza , Daglilar Ebubekir 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageType V gastric ulcer is an unusual etiology of gastrosplenic fistula (GSF). Prompt diagnosis and early embolization of splenic vessels prior to esophagogastroduodenoscopy and surgical resection is crucial.
A Comprehensive Parametric Study on CO2 Removal from Natural Gas by Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach
Authors: Bagi Mahsa , Razlighi Mohammad Vakili , Shanbedi Mina , Karim Alamgir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examined essential factors in the use of hollow fiber membranes that affect CO2 removal efficiency. In the simulation, a finite element model for a membrane with ten fibers was used. Each fiber is 175 mm long with inner radius of 0.75 mm and outer radius of 1.5 mm. Liquid and gas flow rates were set at 100–800 mL min−1, and adsorbent concentration was adjusted in the range of 200–1500 mol m−3 for monoethanolamine, piperazine (PZ), and ethylenediamine absorbents. Increasing the liquid flow rate, gas flow rate, and absorbent concentration leads to an increase, decrease, and increase in efficiency, respectively. Thus, using PZ as absorbent with a concentration of 1080 mol m−3 liquid and gas flow rates of 400 and 180 mL min−1, respectively, showed a CO2 removal efficiency of > 95 % for a membrane effective length of 0.3 m.
Aqueous Electrocatalytic Reduction as a Low‐Carbon and Green Route for Chemical Synthesis and Environmental Remediation
Authors: Sari Fitri Nur Indah , Lin Chia‐Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe green electricity‐driven electrocatalytic reduction of organic compounds in aqueous solution has merged as a sustainable and green platform for organic electrosynthesis, upcycling of chemical waste, and environmental remediation. Compared with the thermocatalytic hydrogenation process, the electrocatalytic reduction of organic compounds uses water as a proton source, which enables its operation at ambient conditions with simplified reaction schemes and significantly reduces operation cost and energy consumption. Most studies have demonstrated the development of electrocatalysts to boost the current efficiency, conversion, and product selectivity of the electrocatalytic reduction processes. Still, little attention has been paid to the mechanism (e. g., electron/proton transfer route) and related energetics behind the electrocatalytic reduction process. This Concept overviews the recent development of the electrocatalytic reduction systems for environmental remediation, pollutant upcycling, and valorization of biomass‐derived chemicals. This Concept highlights the underlying mechanisms and aims to provide instructive guidance on designing efficient and selective electrocatalytic systems.
Selective Manipulation of Well‐Defined Trinuclear Pd(II)‐Complexes
Authors: Das Siuli , Buschermöhle Julia , Zant Dirk W. , Schmidtmann M. , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeveral strategies are available to design well‐defined multimetallic molecular entities bearing functional ligands. Substoichiometric exchange reactions in the coordination sphere of pre‐existing multinuclear precursors are relatively underexploited in this context. Palladium(II) acetate is not a mononuclear compound in the solid state but rather exists as a trimer, i. e. [Pd3(OAc)6]. Although this material is ubiquitously used to synthesize mononuclear Pd species, it may principally also lend itself to selective exchange of some of the edge‐sharing acetate units in its triangular motif, whilst keeping the overall multinuclear architecture intact. Strikingly, little is known about the controlled manipulation and substoichiometric substitution chemistry of this well‐defined conglomerate. We herein conclusively demonstrate that, for the first time, the targeted exchange of two or four acetate units from the Pd3(acetate)6 platform is possible, thereby installing either one or two new tridentate ligands onto this trinuclear architecture. Follow‐up exchange and substitution chemistry is available without disrupting the multimetallic nature of the core structure. New complexes 2–7 are all conclusively characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, UV‐vis and IR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Whole‐Cell Configuration of the Patch‐Clamp Technique in the hERG Channel Assay
Authors: Goineau Sonia , Gallet Lucie , Froget Guillaume 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn vitro electrophysiological safety studies have become an integral part of the drug development process because, in many instances, compound‐induced QT prolongation has been associated with a direct block of human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) potassium channels or their native current, the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr). Therefore, according to the ICH S7B guideline, the in vitro hERG channel patch‐clamp assay is commonly used as an early screen to predict the ability of a compound to prolong the QT interval prior to first‐in‐human testing. The protocols described in this article are designed to assess the effects of acute or long‐term exposure to new chemical entities on the amplitude of IKr in HEK293 cells stably transfected with the hERG channel (whole‐cell configuration of the patch‐clamp technique). Examples of results obtained with moxifloxacin, terfenadine, arsenic, pentamidine, erythromycin, and sotalol are provided for illustrative purposes. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Measurement of the acute effects of test items in the hERG channel testAlternate Protocol: Measurement of the long‐term effects of test items in the hERG channel test
Nutrients or resin? – The relationship between resin and food foraging in stingless bees
Authors: Villagómez Gemma Nydia , Keller Alexander , Rasmussen Claus , Lozano Pablo , Donoso David A. , Blüthgen Nico , Leonhardt Sara Diana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStingless bees are important pollinators in tropical forests. Yet, we know little about their foraging behavior (e.g., their nutritional requirements or their floral sources visited for resource collection). Many stingless bees not only depend vitally on pollen and nectar for food but also on resin for nest building and/or defense. However, it is unclear whether the large effort devoted to collecting resin as a non‐food resource by certain stingless bees affects their foraging behavior. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed differences in foraging patterns (i.e., foraging activity, proportion of collected resources, and specialization in plants visited) and resource nutritional composition (i.e., sucrose amount in nectar and amino acids in pollen) of seven different stingless bee species (eleven wild colonies) in north‐western Ecuador with a particular focus on the role of resin collection. We found that species with a high resin intake tended to be more active than species with a low resin intake. The foragers per minute invested for pollen collection were similar across all species. Sucrose intake per minute differed between some species but was not affected by increased resin intake. Interestingly, high and low resin collectors partly differed in the plants visited for pollen collection. Pollen amino acid profiles largely, but not completely, overlapped between the two resin collection groups. Our findings show that the foraging patterns and plant choices of stingless bees may vary depending on their resin intake, highlighting the need for more research focusing on resin collection and use by stingless bees.
DNA barcoding, identification, and validation of the pufferfish (Order: Tetraodontiformes) in China coastal waters
Authors: Liu Kaiying , Sun Hongyue , Zhao Xin , Wang Chaoqun , An Changting , Li Ang , Liu Shufang , Zhuang Zhimeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe order Tetraodontiformes are one of the most unique groups of teleostean fish, exhibiting highly derived and greatly diversified phenotypes. It is a difficult task for both professionals and nonprofessionals to accurately identify these species only according to morphological characteristics. DNA barcoding can identify species at the molecular level to overcome the limitations of morphological classification. In this study, we collected 616 specimens of pufferfish from the coastal waters of China. According to the morphological characteristics, they were preliminarily identified as 50 species. Further analysis using DNA barcodes identified these specimens as 46 species, belonging to 23 genera, 6 families. According to the species classification results of DNA barcoding, the three species identified by morphology as Takifugu pseudommus, Takifugu chinensis, and Takifugu rubripes should be the same species. Similarly, Lagocephalus wheeleri is the synonym of Lagocephalus spadiceus. Another important discovery of DNA barcoding analysis is that there are closer interspecific genetic distances within the genus Takifugu. If T. rubripes, T. pseudommus, and T. chinensis are taken as one species, the average interspecific to intraspecific genetic distance ratio of Takifugu is only 6.21 times, which does not reach the DNA barcoding threshold of more than 10 times proposed previously. Although the interspecific genetic distance in the genus Takifugu is relatively small, each species can be clustered into independent clades in the NJ tree. In conclusion, this study not only found that there are synonymous phenomena in the order Tetraodontiformes but also provided molecular evidence for the valid species names of Takifugu rubripes and Lagocephalus Spadiceus. The results can provide reliable DNA barcoding information for the identification of pufferfish species, help solve the problem of classification confusion in this order, and provide technical support for the identification of the original components of related commodities on the aquatic product market.
The role of nanoparticles in non‐invasive electrochemical immunosensor technology and recent developments
Authors: Sanko Vildan , Erkmen Cem , Kuralay Filiz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemistry has been one of the important tools in determining or evaluating vital conditions with the help of powerful and influential electrode designs. The fundamentals of electrochemical determination are simply based on direct or indirect electron transfer that occurs during the process such as the recognition of target molecules by biorecognition elements. Therefore, electrochemical biosensors have been a significant development for promising analytical applications, particularly in the field of biomedicine. In this context, electrochemical immunosensors, which can detect important biomarkers, provide many advantages with their good analytical performance and practicability. Innovation in electrochemical immunosensors continues rapidly, and non‐invasive wearable sensor technologies, especially personal equipment, come to the fore. Developments in the field of nanotechnology can easily be cited as an important driving force of these advances. Therefore, in this review, the design technology of non‐invasive immunosensors used for electrochemical biomarker detection is briefly reviewed and the contribution of nanoparticles to the efficiency of the process is examined to provide a basis for future applications.