bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenges and Future of Environmental Archaeology in Mauritius
Authors: Pluskowski Aleksander , Brown Alexander , Seetah Krish 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the value of past and prospective applications of key environmental archaeological and earth science fields relating to the historical ecology of Mauritius and the Mascarene islands more broadly: palaeoecology, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology and climate studies. The contribution of each subfield is outlined with the aim of demonstrating the potential value of an integrated environmental archaeological approach for developing a long-term understanding of the human ecology of Mauritius and its associated islands. The paper considers the potential and limitations of existing approaches and data, as well as future challenges. Beyond solely reconstructing the nuances of anthropogenic impact on the environment in relation to the island’s history of settlement, we argue that environmental archaeology can contribute to an understanding of “biocultural diversity” as an integral element of Mauritian heritage, bridging the divide between cultural and natural heritage.
Antler Allometry, the Irish Elk and Gould Revisited
Authors: Tsuboi Masahito , Kopperud Bjørn Tore , Matschiner Michael , Grabowski Mark , Syrowatka Christine , Pélabon Christophe , Hansen Thomas F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe huge antlers of the extinct Irish elk have invited evolutionary speculation since Darwin. In the 1970s, Stephen Jay Gould presented the first extensive data on antler size in the Irish elk and combined these with comparative data from other deer to test the hypothesis that the gigantic antlers were the outcome of a positive allometry that constrained large-bodied deer to have proportionally even larger antlers. He concluded that the Irish elk had antlers as predicted for its size and interpreted this within his emerging framework of developmental constraints as an explanatory factor in evolution. Here we reanalyze antler allometry based on new morphometric data for 57 taxa of the family Cervidae. We also present a new phylogeny for the Cervidae, which we use for comparative analyses. In contrast to Gould, we find that the antlers of Irish elk were larger than predicted from the allometry within the true deer, Cervini, as analyzed by Gould, but follow the allometry across Cervidae as a whole. After dissecting the discrepancy, we reject the allometric-constraint hypothesis because, contrary to Gould, we find no similarity between static and evolutionary allometries, and because we document extensive non-allometric evolution of antler size across the Cervidae.
Bio-actives and COVID-19: a production of sustainable fermented ginger beer and probiotic fruit drinks as a plausible approach for boosting the immune system
Authors: Gaonkar Sanket K. , Nadaf Zakiya , Nayak Shruti , Desai Gaokar Rasika , Borkar Sunita 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 caused COVID-19 in more than 200 countries. The infection had high mortality and morbidity rates with no specific approved antiviral drugs. Isolation, appropriate hygiene measures, and treatment were the most efficient ways to prevent infections. Interestingly, plants, sponges, corals, and microorganisms remain a plentiful source of natural bio-actives for treating different human illnesses and COVID-19. We herein retrieved literature from PubMed.gov, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar relevant to anti-COVID-19 metabolites by searching with the keywords "SARS-CoV-2" and "Bio-actives from plants/marine invertebrates/microbes" till November 2023. The study briefly covered SARS-CoV-2, its variants, therapeutics, and intervention for COVID-19 infection. This study also aimed to develop low-calorie probiotic-rich fermented ginger beer and fruit juices to use as an immunity booster to fight against multiple viral infections. Only literature pertinent to the topic was included, and those not available as full text and duplicate sources with similar titles and content were excluded. The comprehensive findings of the present study are essential to make national-level policy decisions on both beneficiaries of natural bio-actives to improve health by consuming herbal low-calorie fermented products during such needy hours.
Minimum Noise Fraction and Long Short-Term Memory Model for Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Dash Satyabrata , Chakravarty Sujata , Giri Nimay Chandra , Agyekum Ephraim Bonah , AboRas Kareem M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning techniques have presented a major role in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Most commonly Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has greatly advanced the accuracy of hyperspectral image classification, making it powerful tool for remote sensing applications. Deep structure learning, which involves multiple layers of neural network, has shown promising results in effectively addressing nonlinear problems and improving classification accuracy and reduce execution time. The exact categorization of ground topographies from hyperspectral data is a crucial and current research topic that has gotten a lot of attention. This research work focuses on hyperspectral image categorization utilizing several machine learning approaches such as support vector machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), CNN and LSTM. To reduce the number of superfluous and noisy bands in the dataset, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) were utilized. Different performance evaluation measures like time taken for testing, classification accuracy, kappa accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1_score, and Gmean have been taken to prove the efficacy of the models. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the LSTM model outperforms the other models in terms of accuracy percentage and time consumption, making it the most effective model for classifying hyperspectral imaging datasets.
Unified Language for Knowledge Dissemination: The Vascular Ageing Glossary, an Initiative by VascAgeNet
Authors: Bianchini Elisabetta , Climie Rachel E. , Mayer Christopher Clemens , Martina Maria Raffaella , Nandi Manasi , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Segers Patrick , Park Chloe , Pucci Giacomo , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Charlton Peter H. ,   for VascAgeNet
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
In general, a terminology shared and agreed by different stakeholders is important to facilitate communication and cooperation. This holds true in the field of vascular ageing for the benefit of global cardiovascular health. The need to promote a common language and understanding across this area was recognised by VascAgeNet, a collaborative network with relevant and diverse expertise in the vascular ageing field, supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology. To contribute to the spread of unified terms in the vascular ageing field, a glossary was created by VascAgeNet and this paper describes the systematic process used for its development.

Methods
An initial list of terms and preliminary definitions were collated from the network. A dedicated team was created to design the glossary development process, to facilitate its implementation and to maximise outreach and dissemination. The key steps of the process were to determine: (1) the target audience; (2) a list of priority terms; (3) a template structure for definitions; (4) methods for collecting feedback and (5) the dissemination plan.

Results
An implementation strategy was provided for each key step and shared within the network; main decisions were agreed by all members of the glossary team. Small groups of definitions were released on a regular basis within a pilot phase including 19 terms (status: 05.09.2023) that were published openly at https://vascagenet.eu/official-glossary.

Conclusions
The strategy for creating the first Vascular Ageing Glossary has been successfully designed and developed within VascAgeNet. A pilot phase covering the first publicly available terms was completed. The glossary is a living document, available to the scientific community, which aims to unify the vascular ageing language.
Exploratory spatial analysis: Understanding the geography of risks for trafficking and preventive efforts through the implementation of kNOw MORE!—: an educational program in middle and high schools in San Diego, California
Authors: Richie-Zavaleta Arduizur Carli , Lutrzykowski Ryan Christopher , Fong Barragan Monserrat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman trafficking (HT) violates human rights and brings long-lasting consequences for victims. This study aimed to geographically and statistically analyze (1) the implementation of a youth educational prevention program, kNOw MORE! (kM!) located in San Diego County (SD); (2) clusters of student participants who desired to talk further about trafficking after participating in kM!; (3) clusters of SD regions that included protective factors based on mental and social services for survivors of HT and similar populations; and (4) the low and high risk clusters for trafficking within SD. kM! is a preventive program that seeks to increase knowledge and self-efficacy to prevent trafficking. kM! is designed to increase knowledge and self-efficacy among middle and high school students to prevent HT. Databases used included the U.S. Census, the California Longitudinal Pupil Achievement Data System, kM!’s (2016–2020), among others. Results indicate that kM! was implemented throughout the six regions of SD. These presentations reached a total of N = 11,586 participants. Analysis of ZIP codes highlighted the South and East regions as representing the highest cluster for kM!’s presentations. Central, North Inland, and South Regions of SD are among the ones with highest percentiles of HT vulnerability scores. Regarding protective factors, the Central Region of San Diego contains the highest clustering of mental health and social services. These findings can assist diverse stakeholders and leaders to geographically strategize their anti-trafficking efforts. However, complete and uniform open databases at multiple levels are required to best inform the associations between geographical spaces and HT vulnerability.
COVID-19 knowledge and mental health impact assessment in Haiti
Authors: Park Taehwan , Pierre-Louis Jean , Jean Tachel , Barua Prachurjya , Ilma Taheera T. , Pinanez Mariana A. , Ravenell Joseph , Castor Chimene , Gousse Yolene 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mental health is a significant public health challenge globally, and one anticipated to increase following the COVID-19 pandemic. In many rural regions of developing nations, little is known about the prevalence of mental health conditions and factors that may help mitigate poor outcomes. This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social support for residents of rural Haiti. Data were collected from March to May 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire subscales for anxiety and depression, and the Perceived Stress Scale were utilized in addition to tailored questions specific to COVID-19 knowledge. Half (51.8%) of the 500 survey respondents reported COVID-19-related anxiety and worrying either daily or across a few days. Half (50.2%) also reported experiencing depression daily or across several days. Most (70.4%) did not have any social support, and 28.0% experienced some stress, with 13.4% indicating high perceived stress. Furthermore, 4.6% had suitable plumbing systems in their homes. The results were immediately actionable, informing the implementation of a mental health counseling program for youth following a loss of social support through school closures. Long-term investments must be made as part of public health responses in rural communities in developing nations, which remain under-studied.
Canonization and sacred text in the Yārsān religion
Authors: Veisi Hasar Rahman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper explains the nature of sacred text and the process of canonization in the Yārsān religion. To this end, we first show how three formative ideas—i.e., the history of divine manifestation, the angelology of scribing, and the scripture of Qabālah—played a major role in the emergence of canonization and sacred text in the Yārsān religion. We then turn to the parallel, heterogeneous processes of canonization in the Yārsān community, showing that factors such as the community's rhizomatic structure, idea of infinite divine manifestation, continuous process of producing holy texts, and the heterogeneous nature of its oral tradition hindered the emergence of an ultimate canon in the Yārsān community. Additionally, the sacred Yārsān texts, as the outputs of canonization procedures, are divided into three categories: narrative, testimony, and ritual. Finally, following scrutiny of the linguistic nature of Gorāni koine, the paper attempts to clarify the relationship between different types of religious texts and the formative idea of Qabālah as the archetypal sacred text in the Yārsān religion.
Plane polarisation in Comptonization process: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Kumar Nagendra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High energies emissions observed in X-ray binaries (XRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are linearly polarised. The prominent mechanism for X-ray is the Comptonization process. We revisit the theory for polarisation in Compton scattering with unpolarised electrons and note that the (

$k \times k^{\prime}$

)-coordinate (in which, (

$k \times k^{\prime}$

) acts as a z-axis, here k and k′ are incident and scattered photon momentum, respectively) is more convenient to describe it. Interestingly, for a fixed scattering plane the degree of polarisation PD after single scattering for randomly oriented low-energy unpolarised incident photons is

$\sim$

0.33. At the scattering angle

$\theta$

= 0 or

$\theta \equiv$

[0,25

$^{\circ}$

], the modulation curve of k′ exhibits the same PD and PA (angle of polarisation) of k, and even the distribution of projection of electric vector of k′ (

$k^{\prime}_{e}$

) on perpendicular plane to the k indicates same (so, an essential criteria for detector designing). We compute the polarisation state in Comptonization process using Monte Carlo methods with considering a simple spherical corona. We obtain the PD of emergent photons as a function of

$\theta$

-angle (or alternatively, the disc inclination angle i) on a meridian plane (i.e. the laws of darkening, formulated by Chandrasekhar (1946, ApJ, 103, 351) after single scattering with unpolarised incident photons. To explore the energy dependency we consider a general spectral parameter set corresponding to hard and soft states of XRBs, we find that for average scattering no.

$\langle N_{sc}\rangle$

$\sim$

1.1 the PD is independent of energy and PA

$\sim 90^{\circ}$

(

$k^{\prime}_{e}$

is parallel to the disc plane), and for

$\langle N_{sc}\rangle$

$\sim$

5 the PD value is maximum for

$i=45^{\circ}$

. We also compare the results qualitatively with observation of IXPE for five sources.
Which training leads to employment? The effectiveness of varying types of training programmes for unemployed jobseekers in Flanders
Authors: Wood Jonas , Neels Karel , Vujić Sunčica 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite the large body of ALMP evaluations focussing on isolated training programmes for unemployed jobseekers, our understanding of potential reasons for (in)effectiveness remains limited. Specific training programmes aim to remediate particular supply- or demand-side barriers to employment experienced by targeted jobseekers. Consequently, this study unpacks training into four different types: (I) general classroom training (GCT) to enhance motivation and job search skills, (II) occupation-specific classroom training (OCT) addressing gaps in human capital, (III) non-contractual workplace training (NCWT) combining human capital acquisition with workplace experience, and (IV) contractual workplace training (CWT) additionally including a temporary wage subsidy to reduce hiring costs for employers. Using large-scale longitudinal register data, dynamic propensity score matching, and hazard models indicate positive effects of OCT participation, and particularly NCWT programmes allowing human and social capital accumulation in a workplace setting, on the transition into (stable) regular employment. In contrast, the non-effects for GCT participants highlight the need for more follow-up programmes, and the fact that, after controlling for the selective recruitment by employers of unemployed jobseekers with relatively strong profiles, CWT programme participants show moderate, short-lived positive effects which might inspire policymakers to reconsider programme assignment in light of cream-skimming by employers.
Redesigning Prehospital Care: Fiji’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Creaton Anne , Naitini Ilikini , Lenoa Lemecki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe benefits of emergency care systems in low- and middle-income countries are well-described. Passed in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolution 76.2 emphasizes the importance of communication, transportation and referral mechanisms, and the linkages between communities, primary care, and hospital care. Literature describing prehospital care and ambulance system development is scarce, with little data on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of different options. Prehospital care systems in Pacific Island countries are under-developed. In Fiji, out-of-hospital care is fragmented with an uncoordinated patchwork of ambulance providers. There is no scope of practice or training requirement for providers and no patient care records. There are no data relating to demand, access, and utilization of ambulance services.In response to a surge of COVID-19 cases in 2021, the Fiji government created a Prehospital Emergency Care Coordination Center (PHECCC) in the capital Suva, which was operational from July-October 2021. Access was via a toll-free number, whereby the public could receive a medical consultation followed by phone advice or dispatch of an ambulance for a home assessment, followed by transportation to hospital, if required. The PHECCC also provided coordination of inter-facility transport and retrieval of the critically ill.The system that was created met many of the prehospital care standards set by emergency care leaders in the region and created the first dataset relating to ambulance demand and utilization. This is the first article to document prehospital system development in the Pacific region.
‘Who will I become?’: possible selves and depression symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Hards Emily , Hsu Ting-Chen , Joshi Gauri , Ellis Judi , Reynolds Shirley 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground:Adolescence is an important period for the development of the possible self. It is also a time when depression is prevalent. The cognitive theory of depression proposes that a negative view of the future is a key feature of depression. Targeting these negative thoughts about the future during cognitive behavioural therapy may be helpful in depression. However, little is known about how adolescents envisage their future (i.e. possible) self, or if the content is associated with affect. The aim of this quantitative study is to describe how adolescents describe their ‘possible self’ and examine the relationship between the valence of the possible self and depression in adolescents.Method:Adolescents (n = 584) aged 13–18 years were recruited via opportunity sampling via their schools and completed measures of depression symptoms (the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) and the ‘possible self’ (a variant of the ‘I Will Be’ task). Possible selves were coded for content and valence.Results:Despite depression severity, the most common possible selves generated by adolescents were positive and described interpersonal roles. The valence of the possible self was associated with depression severity but only accounted for 3.4% of the variance in severity.Conclusion:The results support the cognitive model of depression. However, adolescents with elevated symptoms of depression were able to generate positive, possible selves and therefore may remain somewhat ‘hopeful’ about their future despite clinically significant depression symptoms. Future-oriented treatment approaches such as cognitive behavioural therapy that focus on changing unhelpful negative future thinking may not be appropriate for this population.
The Influence of Air‐Sea CO2 Disequilibrium on Carbon Sequestration by the Ocean's Biological Pump
Authors: Nowicki Michael , DeVries Tim , Siegel David A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ocean's biological carbon pump (BCP) affects the Earth's climate by sequestering CO2 away from the atmosphere for decades to millennia. One primary control on the amount of carbon sequestered by the biological pump is air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium, which is controlled by the rate of air‐sea CO2 exchange and the residence time of CO2 in surface waters. Here, we use a data‐assimilated model of the soft tissue BCP to quantify carbon sequestration inventories and time scales from remineralization in the water column to equilibration with the atmosphere. We find that air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium enhances the global biogenic carbon inventory by ∼35% and its sequestration time by ∼70 years compared to identical calculations made assuming instantaneous air‐sea CO2 exchange. Locally, the greatest enhancement occurs in the subpolar Southern Ocean, where air‐sea disequilibrium increases sequestration times by up to 600 years and the biogenic dissolved inorganic carbon inventory by >100% in the upper ocean. Contrastingly, in deep‐water formation regions of the North Atlantic and Antarctic margins, where biological production creates undersaturated surface waters which are subducted before fully equilibrating with the atmosphere, air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium decreases the depth‐integrated sequestration inventory by up to ∼150%. The global enhancement of carbon sequestration by air‐sea disequilibrium is particularly important for carbon respired in deep waters that upwell in the Southern Ocean. These results highlight the importance of accounting for air‐sea CO2 disequilibrium when evaluating carbon sequestration by the biological pump and for assessing the efficacy of ocean‐based CO2 removal methods.
Propagation of extended fractures by local nucleation and rapid transverse expansion of crack-front distortion
Authors: Cochard T. , Svetlizky I. , Albertini G. , Viesca R. C. , Rubinstein S. M. , Spaepen F. , Yuan C. , Denolle M. , Song Y-Q. , Xiao L. , Weitz D. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFractures are ubiquitous and can lead to the catastrophic material failure of materials. Although fracturing in a two-dimensional plane is well understood, all fractures are extended in and propagate through three-dimensional space. Moreover, their behaviour is complex. Here we show that the forward propagation of a fracture front occurs through an initial rupture, nucleated at some localized position, followed by a very rapid transverse expansion at velocities as high as the Rayleigh-wave speed. We study fracturing in a circular geometry that achieves an uninterrupted extended fracture front and use a fluid to control the loading conditions that determine the amplitude of the forward jump. We find that this amplitude correlates with the transverse velocity. Dynamic rupture simulations capture the observations for only a high transverse velocity. These results highlight the importance of transverse dynamics in the forward propagation of an extended fracture.