bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Measles Virus-Specific CD4+and CD8+T Cells in Subjects Seronegative or Highly Seropositive for Measles Vaccine
Authors: Ovsyannikova Inna G. , Dhiman Neelam , Jacobson Robert M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Poland Gregory A. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTThe protective effect of measles immunization is due to humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Little is known about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to measles vaccine virus, the relative contribution of CD4+and CD8+T cells to variability in such immune responses, and the immunologic longevity of the CMI after measles vaccination in humans. Our study characterizes cellular immune response in subjects seronegative or highly seropositive for measles vaccine immunoglobulin G-specific antibody, aged 15 to 25 years, previously immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella II vaccine. We evaluated the ability of subjects to respond to measles vaccine virus by measuring measles virus-specific T-cell proliferation. We examined the frequencies of measles virus-specific memory Th1 and Th2 cells by an ELISPOT assay. Our results demonstrated that proliferation of T cells in seronegative subjects was significantly lower than that for highly seropositive subjects (P= 0.003). Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion predominated over interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion in response to measles virus in both groups. The median frequency of measles virus-reactive CD8+T cells secreting IFN-γ was 0.09% in seronegative subjects and 0.43% in highly seropositive subjects (P= 0.04). The median frequency of CD4+T cells secreting IL-4 in response to measles virus was 0.03% in seronegative subjects and 0.09% in highly seropositive subjects (P= 0.005). These data confirm the presence of measles virus-specific cellular immune responses post-measles vaccine immunization in humans. The detection of measles virus-induced IFN-γ and IL-4 production by ELISPOT can be used to identify measles virus-specific low-frequency memory T cells in subjects immunized with measles vaccine. These differences agree in directionality with the observed antibody response phenotype.
Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Otitis Media with Effusion in Adults
Authors: Kariya Shin , Okano Mitsuhiro , Aoji Katsuya , Kosaka Michiya , Chikumoto Emiko , Hattori Hisashi , Yuen Koji , Nishioka Shinji , Nishioka Keiko , Nishizaki Kazunori 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTOtitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common ear diseases. Bacterial endotoxins and several inflammatory cytokines appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of OME in children; however, little is known of the immunological aspects of the onset of OME in adults. We sought to determine the presence of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as well as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted), and endotoxin in middle ear effusions (MEEs) from adult patients with OME. In addition, the levels of MIF in MEEs from adults and children were compared. MEE was obtained from 95 adults and 11 children. The levels of MIF, IL-1β, TNF-α, and RANTES were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the concentrations of endotoxin and total protein were determined by the Endospec assay and bicinchoninic acid assay, respectively. MIF was detected in 97.9% of the MEEs from adults, while endotoxin, IL-1β, TNF-α, and RANTES were detected in 96.8, 12.6, 5.3, and 43.9%, respectively. In addition, the level of MIF was significantly higher than those of endotoxin, IL-1β, and TNF-α. A positive correlation between the levels of MIF and endotoxin was observed. MIF and endotoxin were detected in 81.8 and 72.7%, respectively, of the MEEs from the children. The level of MIF was significantly higher in the children, and conversely that of endotoxin was significantly higher in the adults. These results suggest that the interaction between MIF and endotoxin may promote fluid collection in the middle ear, particularly in adults.
Recombinant Truncated Flagellin of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
as a Molecular Probe for Diagnosis of Melioidosis
Authors: Chen Yao-Shen , Shiuan David , Chen Ssu-Ching , Chye Soi-Moi , Chen Ya-Lei 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

Current serological tests for melioidosis, using impure or uncharacterized cell antigens from
Burkholderia pseudomallei
, have problems in detection sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we designed and expressed the recombinant flagellin (truncated at both the N- and C-terminal ends), and used the antigen to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose melioidosis. Comparison of the immunoreactivities of the full-length and truncated flagellins reveals that the truncated flagellin performed much better in detection specificity and sensitivity. Only the full-length flagellin was recognized by other bacterial causing septicemia and gave a false-positive result in Western analysis, indicating that the cross-reactive epitopes were located on the more highly conserved N- and C-terminal regions of flagellin. The indirect ELISA using recombinant truncated flagellin as the antigen achieved 93.8% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity and offered a more efficient serodiagnosis of melioidosis.
T- and B-Cell Immune Responses of Patients Who Had Undergone Colectomies to Oral Administration of
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhi Ty21a Vaccine
Authors: Kilhamn Jan , Lundin Samuel B. , Brevinge Hans , Svennerholm Ann-Mari , Jertborn Marianne 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

The capacity of an oral live attenuated
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi Ty21a vaccine to induce immune responses in patients who had undergone colectomies because of ulcerative colitis was evaluated, and these responses were compared with those of healthy volunteers. Purified CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells from peripheral blood were stimulated in vitro by using the heat-killed Ty21a vaccine strain, and the proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production were measured before and 7 or 8 days after vaccination.
Salmonella
-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibody responses in serum along with IgA antibody responses in ileostomy fluids from the patients who had undergone colectomies were also evaluated. Three doses of vaccine given 2 days apart failed to induce proliferative T-cell responses in all the six patients who had undergone colectomies, and increases in IFN-γ production were found only among the CD8
+
cells from three of the patients. In contrast, both proliferative responses and increased IFN-γ production were observed among CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells from 3 and 6 of 10 healthy volunteers, respectively.
Salmonella
-specific IgA and/or IgG antibody responses in serum were observed for five (56%) of nine patients who had undergone colectomies and in 15 (88%) of 17 healthy volunteers. In ileostomy fluids, significant anti-
Salmonella
IgA antibody titer increases were detected in six (67%) of nine patients who had undergone colectomies. The impaired T- and B-cell immune responses found after vaccination in the circulation of patients who have undergone colectomies may be explained by a diminished colonization of the Ty21a vaccine strain due to the lack of a terminal ileum and colon.
Human Papillomavirus-Specific Antibody Status in Oral Fluids Modestly Reflects Serum Status in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Individuals
Authors: Cameron Jennifer E. , Snowhite Isaac V. , Chaturvedi Anil K. , Hagensee Michael E. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
Serological assays are valuable tools for studies of the epidemiology of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The efficacy of a less invasive oral-fluid assay for detection of HPV antibodies was examined. Matched serum, saliva, and oral mucosal transudate (OMT) specimens collected from 150 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against HPV-6 and HPV-11 combined (HPV-6/11) and HPV-16 capsids. Antibodies to HPV were detected in both types of oral specimens. Seroprevalence rates were 55% for HPV-6/11 and 37% for HPV-16, whereas oral prevalence rates were significantly lower (for HPV-6/11 in saliva, 31%, and in OMT, 19%; for HPV-16 in saliva, 19%, and in OMT, 17%). HPV antibody detection in OMT more accurately reflected the presence of antibodies in serum than did HPV antibody detection in saliva. More stringent saliva assay cutpoints yielded stronger associations between oropositivity and seropositivity; less stringent OMT cutpoints yielded stronger associations between oropositivity and seropositivity. Although HPV antibodies were detected in oral fluids, further optimization of the assay is necessary before oral-fluid testing can be implemented as a reliable alternative to serum testing for HPV.
Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Immunoglobulin M Antibodies against Measles Virus
Authors: Roodbari F. , Roustai M. H. , Mostafaie A. , Soleimanjdahi H. , Foroshani R. Sarrami , Sabahi F. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory virus infection, with typical clinical symptoms including maculopapular rash, fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Despite implementation of widespread vaccination programs throughout the world, the rates of global morbidity and mortality are still considerable. This study was performed to design a reliable indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure measles-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM). First, human IgM was purified, and then an anti-IgM antibody was produced in rabbits and purified in a multistep process. The rabbit IgG against human IgM was conjugated with peroxidase. Measles virus-infected Vero cells produced viral antigen. One hundred serum samples from infants of 9 to 18 months of age, mostly vaccinated, were evaluated for determining the presence of specific IgM antibodies against measles virus. The samples were also evaluated for neutralizing antibodies against measles virus by a microneutralization test (MNT). By comparing the results of the ELISA with those of MNT, it was demonstrated that ELISA had a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 92%, respectively. On the other hand, when the results obtained by our ELISA system were compared with those of an imported measles virus IgM ELISA kit (EIAgen; Adaltis Italia SPa, Bologna, Italy), a high level of agreement was shown (
k
= 0.926).
Immunohematological Reference Ranges for Adults from the Central African Republic
Authors: Menard Didier , Mandeng Marie Joelle , Tothy Mesmin Bem , Kelembho Eric Kassa , Gresenguet Gérard , Talarmin Antoine 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

A survey was carried out on 150 healthy adults to establish hematological reference ranges for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative adults from the Central African Republic (CAR). Immunohematological mean values, medians, and 95th-percentile reference ranges were established. Mean values were as follows: leukocyte (WBC) counts, 5.28 × 10
9
/liter (males) and 5.11 × 10
9
/liter (females); erythrocyte counts, 5.20 × 10
12
/liter (males) and 4.50 × 10
12
/liter (females); hemoglobin, 15.1 g/dl (males) and 12.5 g/dl (females); hematocrit, 45% (males) and 37% (females); lymphocytes, 2,587/μl (males) and 2,466/μl (females); CD4 T cells, 927/μl (males) and 940/μl (females); CD8 T cells, 898/μl (males) and 716/μl (females); and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, 1.13 (males) and 1.41 (females). We concluded that (i) the WBC and hemoglobin values of healthy HIV-negative adults from the CAR are lower than the reference values currently used in the CAR and (ii) the absolute CD4 T-cell counts of healthy HIV-negative adults from the CAR are similar to values for Europeans but the absolute CD8 T-cell counts are much higher. Thus, the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios for healthy adults from the CAR are significantly reduced compared to the ratios for healthy Europeans.
Cross-Reactivity between
Chlamydia trachomatis
Heat Shock Protein 10 and Early Pregnancy Factor
Authors: Betsou Fotini , Borrego Maria José , Guillaume Nicolas , Catry Maria Anjos , Romão Sandra , Machado-Caetano J. A. , Sueur Jean Marie , Mention Jacques , Faille Nicole , Orfila Jeanne 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

Chlamydia trachomatis
heat shock protein 10 (Chsp10) is associated with chronic genital tract infection with
C. trachomatis
. Chsp10 is homologous to human chaperonin 10 (Cpn10) and early pregnancy factor (EPF), a form of human Cpn10 that is specifically secreted at the start of pregnancy. We investigated cross-reactions between serum anti-Chsp10 antibodies and anti-EPF antibodies in pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Pregnancy was found to be associated with the presence of anti-EPF antibodies, which are specifically induced in pregnant women with a history of
C. trachomatis
infection, and with the presence of serum anti-Chsp10 antibodies. We also found that infertility was associated with the presence of anti-Chsp10 and anti-EPF antibodies. The HLA class II haplotype DR8 DQ4 was associated with the presence of anti-Chsp10 antibodies but not of anti-EPF antibodies.
Development of a Recombinant Protein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Its Applications in Field Surveillance of Rodent Mice for Presence of Immunoglobulin G against
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Authors: Wang Yeau-Ching , Jian Ting-Yu , Tarn Lih-Jeng , Hung Yao-Wen , Chao Hai-Yuan , Ji Da-Der , Liu Hwan-Wun 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

A recombinant protein containing the immunodominant conserved epitope region of the 56-kDa outer membrane protein of the Karp strain of
Orientia tsutsugamushi
was purified to near homogeneity using recombinant DNA techniques. The purified protein was used to immunize rabbits and produced an antibody that could recognize different strains of
O. tsutsugamushi
, as demonstrated both by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on this recombinant protein was developed to detect antibody (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) against
O. tsutsugamushi
in mice captured in different districts of Taiwan during 2000 to 2001. A significant difference was found in the antibody seroprevalence rates of
Suncus murinus
mice captured in different districts of Taiwan (χ
2
4, 0.95
= 26.64;
P
< 0.05). Furthermore, a significant difference of IgG seropositivity rates was observed among different kinds of mice (χ
2
5, 0.95
= 93.85;
P
< 0.05). Antibody seropositivity rates were higher in
Bandicota indica
(100%),
Rattus flavipectus
(96.17%), and
Rattus losea
(95.83%) than in
Rattus norvegicus
(86.05%) and
Rattus mindanensis
(83.67%) (χ
2
diff, 5, 0.95
= 12.59,
P
< 0.05). The lowest antibody seropositivity rate (54.4%) was observed in
Suncus murinus
. Antibody seropositivity rates of mice from different districts differed significantly because of the significant difference in antibody seroprevalence rates for
S. murinus
. The results of this study indicated that the recombinant protein ELISA developed in this study could be used to conduct large-scale surveillance of rodent mice for the presence of antibody against
O. tsutsugamushi.
The high seroprevalence rates in rodent mice (except
S. murinus
) suggest that people residing in these districts are at increased risk of developing
O. tsutsugamushi
infection.
Monoclonal Antibodies to
Escherichia coli
-Expressed P46 and P65 Membranous Proteins for Specific Immunodetection of
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
in Lungs of Infected Pigs
Authors: Cheikh Saad Bouh K. , Shareck F. , Dea S. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

The P46 and P65 proteins of
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
are two membranous proteins carrying species-specific antigenic determinants. Based on the genomic sequence of the reference strain ATCC 25934, primers were designed for PCR amplification of the genes encoding entire P46 (1,260 bp) and P65 (1,803 bp) and N-terminally truncated P65
c
(1,200 bp). These primers were shown to be specific to
M. hyopneumoniae
since no DNA amplicons could be obtained with other mycoplasma species that commonly colonize the porcine respiratory tract. Both amplified genes were then cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector to be expressed in
Escherichia coli
cells as recombinant fusion proteins with glutathione
S
-transferase (GST). Prior to generation of expression constructs, TGA nonsense codons, exceptionally used for tryptophan residues by
M. hyopneumoniae
, had been converted to TGG codons by PCR-directed mutagenesis. Following induction by IPTG (isopropyl-β-
d
-thiogalactopyranoside), both GST-P46 and GST-P65
c
recombinant fusion proteins were recovered by disrupting transformed cells by sonication, purified by affinity chromatography, and then cut with thrombin to release the P46 and P65
c
moieties. The enriched
E. coli
-expressed P46 and P65c proteins were used to immunize female BALB/c mice for the generation of anti-P46 and anti-P65
c
monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The polypeptide specificities of MAbs obtained was confirmed by Western blotting with cell lysates prepared from the homologous strain. Cross-reactivity study of the anti-P46 and anti-P65
c
MAbs towards two other
M. hyopneumoniae
reference strains (ATCC 25095 and J strains) and Quebec field strains that had been isolated in culture, suggested that the MAbs obtained against both membranous proteins were directed against highly conserved species-specific epitopes. No reactivity to other mycoplasma species tested was demonstrated. Clinical signs and lesions suggestive of enzootic pneumonia were reproduced in specific-pathogen-free pigs that had been inoculated intratracheally with a virulent Quebec field strain (IAF-DM9827) of
M. hyopneumoniae
. Both anti-P46 and anti-P65
c
MAbs permitted effective detection by indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase assay of
M. hyopneumoniae
in, respectively, frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections from pigs that were killed after the 6- to 7-week observation period.
Effect of Glycosphingolipids Purified fromLeishmania (Leishmania) amazonensisAmastigotes on Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
Authors: Giorgio Selma , Santos Marcia Regina M. , Straus Anita H. , Takahashi Helio K. , Barbiéri Clara Lúcia 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTThe effect of purified glycosphingolipids fromLeishmania(Leishmania)amazonensison human lymphoproliferation, on expression of human lymphocyte and monocyte markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, and CD45), and on lymphocyte protein kinase C activity was analyzed.
Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Is Expressed by Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Upregulated by Interleukin 4
Authors: Reichel Philipp H. , Seemann Christine , Csernok Elena , Schröder Jens-M. , Müller Antje , Gross Wolfgang L. , Schultz Hendrik 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTThe bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is an antibiotic- and endotoxin-neutralizing protein of granulocytes and epithelial cells. Constitutive expression of BPI, which increases upon interleukin 4 stimulation, by human dermal fibroblast was demonstrated, suggesting an important role of BPI in gram-negative bacterial clearance and a dampened response to endotoxin in the skin.
One-Step Immunochromatographic Dipstick Tests for Rapid Detection of
Vibrio cholerae
O1 and O139 in Stool Samples
Authors: Nato F. , Boutonnier A. , Rajerison M. , Grosjean P. , Dartevelle S. , Guénolé A. , Bhuiyan N. A. , Sack D. A. , Nair G. B. , Fournier J. M. , Chanteau S. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

We describe the development and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for
Vibrio cholerae
O1 and O139 based on lipopolysaccharide detection using gold particles. The specificity ranged between 84 and 100%. The sensitivity of the dipsticks ranged from 94.2 to 100% when evaluated with stool samples obtained in Madagascar and Bangladesh. The dipstick can provide a simple tool for epidemiological surveys.
Lymphocyte Transformation Test for Medicinal Herbs Yields False-Positive Results for First-Visit Patients
Authors: Mantani Naoki , Kogure Toshiaki , Tamura Jun'ichi , Shimada Yutaka , Terasawa Katsutoshi 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
We performed lymphocyte transformation tests (LTTs) for toki (angelicae radix) and ogon (scutellariae radix) on first-visit patients who had never taken Kampo medicines. LTTs for both herbs were positive in 12 of 14 patients, suggesting that LTTs for these herbs are unreliable for the diagnosis of Kampo medicine-induced liver injury.
Comparison of Complement Fixation and Hemagglutination Inhibition Assays for Detecting Antibody Responses following Influenza Virus Vaccination
Authors: Prince Harry E. , Leber Amy L. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
Complement fixation (CF) was compared to hemagglutination inhibition (HI) as a method for identifying antibody responses to influenza virus vaccination. CF assays were performed at two different laboratories using paired (pre- and postvaccination) sera from 38 vaccinated laboratory employees; HI assays were performed at a third laboratory. As expected, most vaccinees (31/38 = 82%) responded to at least one of three influenza virus antigens as measured by HI. In contrast, only 21% (8/38) of vaccinees showed a response by CF at laboratory 1, and only 29% (11/38) showed a response by CF at laboratory 2. These findings indicate that due to low sensitivity, CF assays should not be used to assess the antibody response to influenza virus vaccination.
Serological Survey of Toscana Virus Infections in a High-Risk Population in Italy
Authors: Valassina Marcello , Valentini Melissa , Pugliese Agostino , Valensin Pier Egisto , Cusi Maria Grazia 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
Toscana virus is the most important agent responsible for meningitis in central Italy. We report a serosurveillance study, using an immunoenzymatic assay, of 360 serum samples harvested from a high-risk population occupationally exposed to Toscana virus in two regions of Italy, Tuscany and Piedmont. The results indicates a seroprevalence of Toscana virus of 77.2% in the forestry workers, particularly in the Tuscany region. This fact is strictly correlated with the ecological niches specific for the survival of Toscana virus arthropod vector.
Peptidoglycan Induces Mobilization of the Surface Marker for Activation Marker CD66b in Human Neutrophils but Not in Eosinophils
Authors: Mattsson Eva , Persson Terese , Andersson Pia , Rollof Jan , Egesten Arne 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTPeptidoglycan fromStaphylococcus aureusmobilized CD66b in human neutrophils but did not upregulate surface activation markers in eosinophils. In addition, Toll-like receptor 2, implicated in the recognition of peptidoglycan, was detected on the surface of resting neutrophils but not on eosinophils. These findings suggest roles for neutrophils but not eosinophils in innate recognition of peptidoglycan.
A Patient with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Serologically Diagnosed by Recombinant Nucleoprotein-Based Antibody Detection Systems
Authors: Tang Qing , Saijo Masayuki , Zhang Yuzhen , Asiguma Muer , Tianshu Dong , Han Lei , Shimayi Bawudong , Maeda Akihiko , Kurane Ichiro , Morikawa Shigeru 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
We treated a male patient with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). The diagnosis of CCHF was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP)-based immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of serially collected serum samples. The patient was treated with intravenous ribavirin and recovered with no consequences. The study indicates that rNP-based CCHF virus antibody detection systems are useful for confirming CCHF virus infections. This case also suggests that intravenous ribavirin therapy may be promising for the treatment of CCHF patients.