bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic biomarker DARS2 correlated with immune infiltrates in bladder tumor
Authors: Hailang Yang , Nie Jianqiang , Ma Li , Deng Wen , Liu Xiaoqiang , Fu Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The biological role of DARS2 in bladder cancer remains elusive. To study the effect of DARS2 on bladder cancer and to investigate its impact on overall survival.
Methods
We analyzed the correlation between DARS2 expression and prognosis, tumor stage, and immune infiltration in bladder cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database. We validated findings in clinical samples from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and explored the biological functions of DARS2 using cell and animal models.
Results
We found DARS2 to be upregulated in bladder cancer, associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Immune infiltration analysis suggested that DARS2 may facilitate immune evasion by modulating PD-L1. Cell and animal experiments validated that DARS2 knockdown inhibited cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, tumorigenesis, and downgraded PD-L1 levels.
Conclusions
Our study reveals DARS2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target in BLCA.
An Investigation on Unsteady Flow of a Reactive Third-order material in a Cylindrical Channel Taking into Account Induced Electric Field and Variable Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Adeosun A. T. , Khan I. , Gbadeyan J. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, we evaluate current density and thermal criticality of an unsteady flow of incompressible reactive third-order material in a cylindrical channel with varied electrical conductivity. The electrically conducting fluid is assumed undergoing an exothermic reaction following Arrhenius kinetics, with no consideration given to material consumption. Numerical solution of the derived nonlinear time dependent differential equations of momentum and energy balance are provided via Pseudo-spectral approach. Important properties of the velocity distributions, temperature distributions, current density, skin friction, heat transfer rate and thermal criticality conditions are presented and discussed quantitatively. Our findings show that the terms that increase current density and exothermic reaction of the system need to be augmented to improve the usage of current carrying fluid in industries and complete combustion process in an engine.
Advances in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current
and Promising Strategies
Authors: Yenkoyan Konstantin , Ounanian Zadik , Mirumyan Margarita , Hayrapetyan Liana , Zakaryan Naira , Sahakyan Raisa , Bjørklund Geir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for developmental disorders
characterized by social and communication impairments, language difficulties, restricted
interests, and repetitive behaviors. Current management approaches for ASD
aim to resolve its clinical manifestations based on the type and severity of the disability.
Although some medications like risperidone show potential in regulating ASD-associated
symptoms, a comprehensive treatment strategy for ASD is yet to be discovered. To
date, identifying appropriate therapeutic targets and treatment strategies remains challenging
due to the complex pathogenesis associated with ASD. Therefore, a comprehensive
approach must be tailored to target the numerous pathogenetic pathways of ASD.
From currently viable and basic treatment strategies, this review explores the entire field
of advancements in ASD management up to cutting-edge modern scientific research. A
novel systematic and personalized treatment approach is suggested, combining the available
medications and targeting each symptom accordingly. Herein, summarize and categorize
the most appropriate ways of modern ASD management into three distinct categories:
current, promising, and prospective strategies.
Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Cruzain Cysteine Protease of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Prates João Lucas Bruno , Lopes Juliana Romano , Chin Chung Man , Ferreira Elizabeth Igne , dos Santos Jean Leandro , Scarim Cauê Benito 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease endemic in several developing coun-tries. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 6-8 million people worldwide are inflicted by CD. The scarcity of new drugs, mainly for the chronic phase, is the main reason for treatment limitation in CD. Therefore, there is an urgent need to dis-cover new targets for which new therapeutical agents could be developed. Cruzain cyste-ine protease (CCP) is a promising alternative because this enzyme exhibits pleiotropic ef-fects by acting as a virulence factor, modulating host immune cells, and interacting with host cells. This systematic review was conducted to discover new compounds that act as cruzain inhibitors, and their effects in vitro were studied through enzymatic assays and molecular docking. Additionally, the advances and perspectives of these inhibitors are discussed. These findings are expected to contribute to medicinal chemistry in view of the design of new, safe, and efficacious inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi CCP detected in the last decade (2013-2022) to provide scaffolds for further optimization, aiming toward the discovery of new drugs.
An Investigation of Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Vericiguat with
Apigenin based on a Newly Developed Ultra-performance Liquid
Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay
Authors: Zhang En , Chen Chaojie , Wang Yu , Weng Qinghua , Xu Ren-ai , Lin Jingjing 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Vericiguat, as a new stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), was recently approved as a first-in-class treatment for reducing risks in patients
with ejection fraction less than 45 percent and heart failure (HF) in the USA.

Objective:
The main aim of the present experiment was to establish an acceptable, sensitive assay based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(UPLC-MS/MS) for quantitatively analyzing the plasma concentration levels of vericiguat in rats, and to further evaluate the effect of apigenin on the metabolism of vericiguat
in vivo.

Methods:
In sample processes, acetonitrile was finally chosen for quickly precipitating
protein. The levels of vericiguat in plasma were analyzed by a Xevo TQ-S triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (Milford, MA, USA) in a positive ion mode.

Results:
The scope of the calibration standard for vericiguat ranged from 0.5 to 1000
ng/mL, where a great linearity was acceptable. The lower limit of quantification (also
called LLOQ) of vericiguat presented the sensitivity of this assay was evaluated as low
as 0.5 ng/mL. Additionally, selectivity, accuracy and precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were all verified. Subsequently, this approach also supported to
assess the plasmatic concentrations of vericiguat from an interaction survey on herb--
drug, in which oral administration of apigenin (20 mg/kg) obviously increased the plasmatic levels of vericiguat and altered the pharmacokinetics of vericiguat in rats.

Conclusion:
These results would help us to further understand the pharmacokinetic properties of vericiguat when co-administration with apigenin, and to avoid unexpected clinical risks in the future.
Development of a Functional Nanobody Targeting Programmed Cell Death
Protein-1 as Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor
Authors: Hosseininejad-Chafi Mohammad , Kianmehr Zahra , Pooshang-Bagheri Kamran , Kazemi-Lomedasht Fatemeh , Behdani Mahdi 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a membrane receptor that is expressed on
the surface of various immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer T cells, and dendritic
cells. In cancer, the interaction between PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 suppresses the activation and function of
T lymphocytes, leading to the impairment and apoptosis of tumor-specific T cells. This mechanism allows
cancer cells to evade the immune response and promotes tumor progression.

Methods:
Recombinant PD-1 protein was produced and used to immunize a camel. A nanobody library was
generated from the camel’s peripheral blood lymphocytes and screened for PD-1 binding. A specific nanobody
(3PD9) was selected and characterized by affinity measurement, western blotting, and flow cytometry analysis.
The ability of the selected nanobody to block the inhibitory signal of PD-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by measuring the level of interleukin-2 (IL-2).

Results:
The selected nanobody showed high specificity and affinity for human PD-1. Western blot and flow
cytometry analysis confirmed that 3PD9 could recognize and bind to human PD-1 on the cell surface. It was
demonstrated that the level of IL-2 was significantly increased in PBMCs treated with 3PD9 compared to the
control group, indicating that the nanobody could enhance the T cell response by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1
interaction.

Conclusion:
The results suggested that the anti-PD-1 nanobody could be a promising candidate for cancer
immunotherapy.
State of the Art and Outlook of Data Science and Machine Learning in Organic
Chemistry
Authors: Stefani Ricardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Data Science and Machine Learning approaches have recently expanded to accelerate
the discovery of new materials, drugs, synthetic substances and automated compound identification.
In the field of Organic Chemistry, Machine Learning and Data Science are commonly used
to predict biological and physiochemical properties of molecules and are referred to as quantitative
structure–active relationship (QSAR, for biological properties) and quantitative structure–
property relationship (QSPR, for nonbiological properties). Data Science and Machine Learning
applications are rapidly growing in chemistry and have been successfully applied to the discovery
and optimization of molecular properties, optimization of synthesis, automated structure elucidation,
and even the design of novel compounds. The main strength of Data Science tools is the ability to find
patterns and relationships that even an experienced researcher may not be able to find, and research in chemistry
can benefit from. Moreover, this interdisciplinary field is playing a central role in changing the way not only
organic chemistry but also how chemistry is done. As cutting-edge ML tools and algorithms such as tensors,
natural language processing, and transformers become mature and reliable by chemists. ML will be a routine
analysis in a chemistry laboratory like any other technique or equipment.
Recent Contributions on Heteropoly Compounds as Suitable Catalysts in Selective
Oxidation of Organic Substrates
Authors: Palermo Valeria , Martinez José J. , Romanelli Gustavo Pablo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Organic transformations under suitable environment-friendly conditions have a great
impact on the Green Chemistry area. In this context, heteropoly compounds (HPCs) have received
considerable attention due to their ability to act as solid catalysts, with the advantage of
being used and reused for different organic transformations without appreciable loss of their
catalytic activity. In this review article, we report the recent results (2010-2022) obtained for the
selective oxidation of organic substrates using a clean oxidant, such as oxygen or aqueous hydrogen
peroxide, and HPCs as catalysts. Some of the investigated substrates correspond to the
families of hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, and sulfides, among
others.
The Enzymatic Role in Honey from Honey Bees and Stingless Bees
Authors: Farooq Saba , Ngaini Zainab 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
A variety of biomolecules known as enzymes are found in honey and originated from bees and plant
nectars. The plant yields nectar that aids bees in producing honey. Diastases, invertases, glucosidases, glucose
oxidases and proteases are the common enzymes present in honey and highly sensitive toward UV-vis light, heat,
and microwave energy. Among all enzymes, invertase and diastase have been used for assessing the freshness of
honey. The enzyme's capacity to transform amylose into glucose enhances the sweetness and flavor of honey.
The role of enzymatic reactions in two types of honey, based upon bee sting morphology, namely honey from
honey bees (HB) and stingless bees (SB) are discussed in this review. Enzymes that act as the main ingredient in
honey production are comprehensively discussed for their significance in producing good quality and therapeutic
properties of honey.
Frontiers in Copper-promoted C1-functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Using
Cross-dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Upadhyay Rachana , Patel Amit B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
The site-selective diversification of molecules is a pertinent unresolved issue within
the area of organic chemistry. The functionalization of Csp3-H has changed the landscape of synthetic
chemistry by enabling effective direct coupling of compounds and reducing chemical
waste by avoiding the usage of pre-functionalized compounds. The 1,2,3,4-
tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), a molecule with potential bioactivity, has a stereoselective center
at the C1 position. However, there is still a fundamental problem with the C1-functionalization of
THIQs. To address this, transition metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) has
evolved into an essential tool because such reactions can be carried out with enantio-, regio-, and
stereoselectivity. In particular, copper-promoted CDC reactions have undoubtedly made substantial
progress in THIQ chemistry as a selective protocol. The α-Csp3-H bond adjacent to the Natom
of THIQs is activated using copper catalysts, followed by dehydrogenative coupling with various alkynyl,
alkane, and alkene groups to form the Csp-Csp3, Csp3-Csp3, and Csp3-Csp2 bonds and produce optically active
C1-substituted THIQs. The A3 coupling strategies also produce the endo-yne-THIQs with higher selectivity.
This critical discussion highlights all recent advancements (between 2010 and 2022) in CDC reactions to
THIQs with the substrate scope and plausible mechanistic routes. This study may be extremely useful to scientists
and researchers working on copper-promoted CDC.
Design, Synthesis of Novel N-Substituted 6α-Piperazinomethyl-Δ4-3,17-diketosteroids
and their Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
Authors: Davydova Nadejda K. , Sergeev Vladimir N. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Kuvarina Anastasia E. , Sadykova Vera S. , Savinova Tatiana S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
This report presents the synthesis of three innovative N-substituted 6α-
piperazinomethyl-Δ4-3,17-diketo-steroids via the region-directed three-component condensation
method. The compounds were produced from N-substituted piperazine derivatives and androst-
4-en-3,17-dione (AD). Comprehensive physicochemical methods of analysis were employed to
characterize the synthesized products. The study involved antibacterial testing of the synthesized
compounds against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Staphylococcus
aureus 209P FDA, with a comparison to the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid composition. It
further assessed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger INA 00760, with results compared
to amphotericin B and nystatin. Initial assessment of the antibacterial and antifungal activities
exhibited by the synthesized compounds suggests that this series of N-substituted 6α-piperazinomethyl-Δ4-3,17-
diketo-steroids holds great potential for further biological investigation.
Asymmetric Construction of γ-lactams Displaying All-carbon, Aza-, Thia- and Oxaquaternary
Chiral Centers
Authors: Orena Mario , Rinaldi Samuele 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
γ-lactams, bearing one or more chiral centers are important scaffolds and widely occur in many natural
and synthetic products of clinical interest, but the synthetic approaches mainly focus on the preparation of
rings that display trisubstituted carbons, whereas only a few examples concern the construction of chiral γ-
lactams that display tetrasubstituted carbon atoms. However, in recent years, the broad potential of these latter
compounds was recognized and deserved high interest, owing to their complex three-dimensional features and
structural rigidity. Thus, several efforts were engaged in the pursuit of new synthetic strategies towards γ-lactam
rings that contain tetrasubstituted carbons that pose a particular challenge, and the present review gathers advances
reported since 2015 about the enantioselective preparation of these molecules, carried out to exploit both
internal and external asymmetric induction.
Tinosporae radix: A Review of Traditional Use, Botany, Phytochemistry,
Bioactivity, and Quality Marker
Authors: Jia Xiaotong , Ma Xiaogen , Liu Pengfei 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Tinosporae radix is the root tuber of Tinospora capillipes Gagnep of
the Menispermaceae family. It has the effects of clearing away heat and toxins, benefiting the
throat, relieving pain, and treating sore throat, carbuncle and boils, and other diseases in clinical
practice.

Methods:
The related references about T. radix in this review were collected by online databases,
including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Willy, SciFinder, SpringLink, Google
Scholar, Baidu Scholar, ACS publications, Scopus, and CNKI. The other information about T.
radix was acquired from ancient books and classical works.

Results:
T. radix is an important medicinal plant with a variety of traditional uses according to
the theory of Chinese medicine. Previous studies revealed that T. radix contained a variety of
chemical components, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, cinnamic acid derivatives, and
other compounds. Many pharmacological researches have exhibited that T. radix possesses various
biological activities, including anti-cancer, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial,
anti-ulcer, and anti-oxidant activities. Furthermore, the quality markers of T. radix were summarized
and analyzed in this paper.

Conclusion:
The traditional use, botany, phytochemistry, bioactivity, and quality markers of T.
radix were reviewed in this paper. It will not only provide an important clue for further studying
T. radix, but also supply an important theoretical basis and a valuable reference for in-depth
research and exploitations of this plant in the future.
A Review of miRNA Regulation in Japanese Encephalitis (JEV) Virus
Infection
Authors: Kumar Maneesh , Sahoo Ganesh Chandra , Das Vidya Nand Rabi , Singh Kamal , Pandey Krishna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease that causes neuronal damage
and inflammation of microglia, and in severe cases, it can be fatal. JE infection can resist cellular
immune responses and survive in host cells. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infects macrophages
and peripheral blood lymphocytes. In addition to regulating biological signaling pathways,
microRNAs in cells also influence virus-host interactions. Under certain circumstances,
viruses can change microRNA production. These changes affect the replication and spread of the
virus. Host miRNAs can contain viral pathogenicity by downregulating the antiviral immune
response pathways. Simultaneous profiling of miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) could help
us detect pathogenic factors, and dual RNA detection is possible. This work highlights important
miRNAs involved in human JE infection. In this study, we have shown the important miRNAs
that play significant roles in JEV infection. We found that during JEV infection, miRNA-155,
miRNA-29b, miRNA-15b, miRNA-146a, miRNA-125b-5p, miRNA-30la, miRNA-19b-3p, and
miRNA-124, cause upregulation of human genes whereas miRNA-432, miRNA-370, miRNA-
33a-5p, and miRNA-466d-3p are responsible for downregulation of human genes respectively.
Further, these miRNAs are also responsible for the inflammatory effects. Although several other
miRNAs critical to the JEV life cycle are yet unknown, there is currently no evidence for the role
of miRNAs in persistence.
FDA-approved CAR T-cell Therapy: A Decade of Progress and Challenges
Authors: Ong Melissa Z. , Kimberly Sharon A. , Lee Wen-Hwei , Ling Marcus , Lee Michael , Tan Ke-Wei , Foo Jhi-Biau , Yow Hui-Yin , Sellappans Renukha , Hamzah Sharina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
CAR T-cell therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment, utilizing a patient's
own T-cells (autologous cell) or T-cells from a healthy donor (allogeneic cell) to target and destroy
cancer cells. Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in this field,
including the development of novel CAR constructs, improved understanding of biology and
mechanisms of action, and expanded clinical applications for treating a wider range of cancers.
In this review, we provide an overview of the steps involved in the production of CAR T-cells
and their mechanism of action. We also introduce different CAR T-cell therapies available, including
their implementation, dosage, administration, treatment cost, efficacy, and resistance.
Common side effects of CAR T-cell therapy are also discussed. The CAR T-cell products highlighted
in this review are FDA-approved products, which include Kymriah® (tisagenlecleucel),
Tecartus® (brexucabtagene autoleucel), Abecma® (Idecabtagene vicleucel), Breyanzi® (lisocabtagene
maraleucel), and Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel). In conclusion, CAR T-cell therapy
has made tremendous progress over the past decade and has the potential to revolutionize cancer
treatment. This review paper provides insights into the progress, challenges, and future directions
of CAR T-cell therapy, offering valuable information for researchers, clinicians, and patients.
How do Mutations of Mycobacterium Genes Cause Drug Resistance in
Tuberculosis?
Authors: Hou Kaiying , Jabeen Riffat , Sun Lin , Wei Jianshe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
A steady increase in the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has already
been reported in Pakistan. In addition, DR-TB is gradually changing from one-drug resistance
to multi-drug resistance, which is a serious challenge for tuberculosis treatment. This
review provides an overview of the anti-tuberculosis drugs and focuses on the molecular mechanisms
of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the hope that it will contribute to
the study of drug resistance in response to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Effect of Nigella sativa Intake on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hosseini Hossein , Ghavidel Farideh , Aliyari Mahdieh , Hashemy Seyed Isaac , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: October 2023

Background:Several studies have shown that the intake of N. sativa has a beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome and related disorders. In this meta-analysis, our primary objective was to assess the impact of Nigella sativa consumption on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers among individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.Methods:Our search was conducted on prominent online databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and EMBASE, utilizing relevant keywords until August 2023.Results:This meta-analysis was performed on 16 RCTs comprising 1033 participants. Our results showed that intake of Nigella sativa significantly decreased CRP (SMD: -0.60; (95% CI: from -0.96 to -0.23); P = 0.00), TNF-α (SMD: -0.53; (95% CI: from -0.74 to -0.53); P = 0.00); IL-6 (SMD: -0.54 ; (95% CI: from -1.01 to -0.07); P = 0.02), and MDA: (SMD: -1.28; (95% CI: from -2.11 to -0.46); P = 0.00) levels. In addition, SOD: (SMD: 1.35; (95% CI, from 0.77 to 1.93); P = 0.00) and TAC (SMD: 2.82; (95% CI, from 0.55 to 5.084); P = 0.01) levels significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the placebo group.Conclusion:Our results showed that THE consumption of N. sativa could be associated with improved oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders.