bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors associated with dehydration of patients with dysphagia in eastern China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Mengchao , Li Mengru , Mao Erli , Li Min , Cui Yan , Chen Shen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsDehydration is one of the common complications of dysphagia and poses significant risks including hospitalization and mortality, but the relationship between dysphagia and dehydration has received little attention. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for dehydration of patients with dysphagia in eastern China, and to provide reference for early identification and prevention of dehydration.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional design was conducted. Three hundred and thirty‐seven (n = 337) patients with dysphagia participated in the study between August and December 2022.Information relating to participants' demographic variables, nutrition, cognition, functional, hydration status and fluid intake was collected. Univariate analysis was used to examine related impact factors, and then binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine reliable impact factors.ResultsAmong 337 patients with dysphagia, the average age was 63.47 ± 16.96, most participants were male (72.1%) and married (91.7%). The prevalence of dehydration was calculated to be 43.9%, the mean plasma osmolality score was 293.53 mmol/L. Diseases with the highest prevalence were stroke (78.3%), followed by hypertension (63.5%). The risk for dehydration increased with older age, usage of more medicines such as diuretics and beta‐blockers, worse functional status and lower fluid intake.ConclusionThis study found a high percentage of dehydration in patients with dysphagia. Findings can provide a basis for targeted nursing interventions for clinical prevention and treatment of dehydration.
Ecosocial work among social welfare professionals in Finland: Key learnings for future practice
Authors: Nöjd Taija , Kannasoja Sirpa , Niemi Petteri , Ranta‐Tyrkkö Satu , Närhi Kati 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn ecosocial approach implies integrating social and ecological sustainability on all levels of social work practice (Boetto, British Journal of Social Work, 2017:47(1), 48–67). This survey study explored the frequency of ecosocial work practices in Finnish social work and the factors that enable or hinder adopting ecosocial work in social work practice. The study found that ecosocial work practices are quite rarely applied in Finnish social work. It indicates that personal interest in and knowledge of the ecosocial approach, organizational practices, and client attitudes play an important role. Social welfare professionals as well as the organizations where they work should be informed of environmental issues affecting human wellbeing and of the ecosocial approach in social work. This study examines the present state of the ecosocial approach in Finnish social work and provides opportunities to reflect on the relationship between social work and the natural environment.
A new way of identifying viral pathogens reactivating in cellular therapy products
Authors: Cunningham Anthony L , Micklethwaite Kenneth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we discuss a recently published article that demonstrated a novel way of identifying viral pathogens reactivating in human cells to be used as cellular therapy, in this instance chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The authors used search engines and databases to identify viruses able to reactivate in T cells and then tested this initially in T‐cell cultures, specifically human herpesvirus 6. This virus was then shown to reactivate infrequently in vitro and in vivo in CAR T cells as a consequence of T‐cell activation. The methodology may be most clinically useful for more frequently reactivating viruses in other types of cellular therapy such as allogenic CAR T cells or induced pluripotent stem cells.
Quantified impacts of non‐pharmaceutical interventions on influenza circulation during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 13 African countries, 2020–2022
Authors: Gharpure Radhika , Olsen Sonja J. , Davis William W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for SARS‐CoV‐2 disrupted circulation of influenza. We used data from 13 African countries and generalized linear models to identify associations between levels of NPIs, using the Oxford Stringency Index, and seasonal influenza activity, using parameters derived from 2020–2022 seasonal influenza surveillance. We found that for each step increase in school closings, the average percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza across the influenza season dropped by 20% (95% CI: 1–38%); no other NPI was significant. These findings may inform interventions to slow influenza circulation in pandemics and possibly during seasonal epidemics.
Living in the cracks: Two novel genera of Variosea (Amoebozoa) discovered on an urban sidewalk
Authors: Fry Nicholas , Schuler Gabriel A. , Jones Robert E. , Kooienga Peter G. , Jira Violet , Shepherd Maggie , Tice Alexander K. , Brown Matthew W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiological soil crusts represent a rich habitat for diverse and complex eukaryotic microbial communities. A unique but extremely common habitat is the urban sidewalk and its cracks that collect detritus. While these habitats are ubiquitous across the globe, little to no work has been conducted to characterize protists found there. Amoeboid protists are major predators of bacteria and other microbial eukaryotes in these microhabitats and therefore play a substantial ecological role. From sidewalk crack soil crusts, we have isolated three naked amoebae with finely tapered subpseudopodia, and a simple life cycle consisting of a trophic amoeba and a cyst stage. Using a holistic approach including light, electron, and fluorescence microscopy as well as phylogenetics using the ribosomal small subunit rRNA gene and phylogenomics using 230 nuclear genes, we find that these amoeboid organisms fail to match any previously described eukaryote genus. However, we determined the amoebae belong to the amoebozoan lineage Variosea based on phylogenetics. The molecular analyses place our isolates in two novel genera forming a grade at the base of the variosean group Protosteliida. These three novel varioseans among two novel genera and species are herein named “Kanabo kenzan” and “Parakanabo toge.”
Metabolisable energy from nuts and patterns of nut consumption in the Australian population: a secondary analysis of the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey
Authors: Nikodijevic Cassandra J. , Probst Yasmine C. , Tan Sze‐Yen , Neale Elizabeth P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNut intake is not associated with increased body weight, which may be explained by their metabolisable energy, among other factors. Therefore, total energy intake may be overestimated among nut consumers. This study aimed to describe the metabolisable energy from nuts and nut consumption patterns in the Australian population.MethodsA nut‐specific database was expanded to include metabolisable energy of nuts (based on nut type and form) and applied to the 2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS). Participants were Australians aged 2 years and older from the 2011–12 NNPAS (n = 12,153, with n = 4,765 nut consumers). Mean metabolisable energy intake was compared with mean energy intake using Atwater factors in nut consumers. Additionally, nut consumption patterns were explored, including the proportion of nuts consumed at meals and snacks.ResultsAmong nut consumers, mean metabolisable energy from nuts based only on nut type was 241.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 232.0, 250.5) kJ/day and mean metabolisable energy considering both nut type and form was 260.7 (95% CI: 250.2, 271.2) kJ/day. Energy intake from nuts using Atwater factors was 317.6 (95% CI: 304.8, 330.3) kJ/day. Nuts were more likely to be consumed at snack occasions, with approximately 63% of nut intake occurring as a snack.ConclusionApplication of metabolisable energy to the 2011–12 NNPAS has a significant impact on calculation of energy intake from nuts. Nut consumption patterns identified a majority of nut consumption occurring as snacks. These findings may inform strategies to support nut consumption in Australia.
Workplace status differences and proactive behaviours: The role of perceived insider status and promotion criterion
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Ouyang Xi , Kim Tae‐Yeol , Chen Ying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStatus difference is prevalent within working groups, profoundly influencing employees' perceptions and behaviours towards coworkers and their groups. Despite this ubiquity, exploring the effects of status difference within groups remains relatively underexamined. Drawing on social identity theory, this study examined how and when horizontal status difference (i.e., status comparison between a focal employee and his/her peers) and vertical status difference (i.e., status comparison between a focal employee and his/her leader) influence employees' perceived insider status and proactive behaviour. Results from 421 employees across 113 working groups indicated that horizontal status difference was positively related to perceived insider status, but vertical status difference had a curvilinear effect on perceived insider status. Furthermore, perceived insider status significantly mediated the impact of horizontal and vertical status differences on proactive behaviour. We also demonstrated that promotion criteria significantly moderated the relationship between horizontal status difference and perceived insider status; in particular, this relationship was stronger when organizations used a relative rather than an absolute promotion criterion.
Health‐related quality of life, jaw function and sleep‐disordered breathing among patients with dentofacial deformity
Authors: Madhan Sivaranjani , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Ingerslev Janne , Cornelis Marie , Pinholt Else Marie , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Svensson Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients with dentofacial deformity (DFD) requiring orthognathic treatment have poor aesthetics, jaw function and psychological well‐being, which potentially affect the quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the health‐related general, oral and orthognathic quality of life, jaw function and sleep‐disordered breathing at different stages of orthognathic surgical treatment.MethodsA total of 120 consecutive patients with DFD were recruited and grouped as pre‐orthodontic treatment (group 1), pre‐surgery (group 2), 4 months post‐surgery (group 3), 24 months post‐surgery (group 4) and in addition 30 controls without DFD (group 0). Outcomes were assessed using general health Short Form Survey (SF‐36), Oral Health Impact (OHIP‐14), Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), STOP‐Bang and Jaw Function Limitation Scale (JFLS) questionnaires. In addition, presence or absence of pain was recorded. Data were tested with analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, Tukey post hoc test and structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsResults revealed SF‐36 (p = .814) and STOP‐Bang (p = .143) total scores did not differ between control and treatment groups. In contrast, OHIP‐14, OQLQ and JFLS total scores differed between groups (p = .001). Higher scores were observed in groups 1 (p = .001), 2 (p = .001) and 3 (p = .041) compared to group 0, indicating poor oral health in patients with DFD. Importantly, in group 4, oral health‐related quality of life was better, and OHIP‐14 (p = .936) and JFLS (p = .572) scores did not differ from controls. OQLQ scores of group 4 were significantly lower than group 1 (p = .001) but higher than group 0 (p = .013). SEM results revealed a significant negative associations of pain with JFLS and OQLQ; OHIP‐14 with OQLQ; OHIP‐14 with SF‐36; and finally STOP‐Bang with SF‐36. Positive associations were observed between JFLS and OHIP‐14; OHIP‐14 and OQLQ.ConclusionOral health‐related quality of life and jaw function appears to be improved 24 months after orthognathic surgery. Pain and limitation in jaw function had a negative association with health‐related quality of life.
Transcriptional alterations of the resistant potato genotype ‘Cruza 148’ in response to Ralstonia solanacearum infection
Authors: Okiro Lilian A. , Mulwa Richard M. , Oyoo Maurice E. , Mendes Thiago 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum, a highly destructive phytopathogen causing bacterial wilt disease, poses a substantial risk to the potato value chain, putting global food security at risk and impeding potato production. ‘Cruza 148’, a locally adapted potato genotype, has been reported to exhibit resistance when cultivated in areas with a background of bacterial wilt occurrences. This study aimed to acquire a deeper understanding of the factors influencing resistance and susceptibility in ‘Cruza 148’ and ‘Shangi’ potato genotypes respectively. To achieve this, RNA‐seq was deployed to detect DEGs in ‘Cruza 148’ and ‘Shangi’ potato genotypes at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post‐inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum. A total of 54.2% of the DEGs were upregulated and 45.8% were downregulated in the roots of the ‘Cruza 148’ potato genotype, while 45.5% and 54.5% of DEGs were upregulated and downregulated in the roots of the susceptible potato genotype ‘Shangi’ respectively. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the ‘Cruza 148’ genotype consistently displayed the ‘defence response’ category throughout every stage of infection. The analysis of enriched GO terms revealed 225 terms, with 132 related to biological processes, 16 linked to cellular components and 12 linked to molecular functions. The ‘Cruza 148’ genotype had the highest gene counts in peptide metabolic processes and cellular component assembly, while the ‘Shangi’ genotype had the greatest number of gene counts that responded to chemicals and cellular component assembly. Defence genes identified, included leucine‐rich repeat protein, MYB transcription factor, glucan endo‐1,3‐beta‐glucosidase, serine/threonine‐protein kinase, ethylene‐responsive transcriptional coactivator and disease resistance protein, which could help explain the mechanisms and pathways of resistance to R. solanacearum. This study presents a fundamental understanding of the transcriptional alterations that occur during pathogen interactions with potato. It will also assist in identifying potential useful genes induced during the resistance and susceptibility processes.
Use of human intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of 12 dogs with newly diagnosed malignant disease and presumed secondary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia
Authors: Stikeman E. , Bianco D. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in dogs with newly diagnosed malignancy and presumed secondary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia.Materials and MethodsTwelve client‐owned dogs with newly diagnosed malignant disease and presumed secondary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia were prospectively enrolled to receive a single infusion of human intravenous immunoglobulin at a dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg intravenous over 8 hours. A complete treatment response was defined as a platelet estimation of ≥40,000 platelets/μL within 24 hours and a partial response within 48 hours from the completion of human intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. No treatment response was defined as a platelet estimation remaining <40,000 platelets/μL over 48 hours from the completion of the human intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. This pilot study had a prospective, open‐label, uncontrolled design.ResultsOut of the 12 enrolled dogs, seven completed the study. A complete treatment response to human intravenous immunoglobulin was identified in one lymphoma dog and a partial response was noted in another lymphoma dog. The remaining 10 dogs had no response to human intravenous immunoglobulin. No clinically relevant adverse reactions to human intravenous immunoglobulin occurred in any of the 12 initially enrolled dogs during the infusion and over a 3‐month follow‐up period for the seven surviving dogs.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this study suggest that the use of human intravenous immunoglobulin in dogs with newly diagnosed malignant disease and presumed secondary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia appears safe, but not effective for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. Larger multi‐centre, prospective, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, outcome‐based, malignancy‐specific studies are needed to further evaluate these preliminary findings.
Diversity and distribution of Raunkiær's life forms in European vegetation
Authors: Midolo Gabriele , Axmanová Irena , Divíšek Jan , Dřevojan Pavel , Lososová Zdeňka , Večeřa Martin , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Thuiller Wilfried , Bruelheide Helge , Aćić Svetlana , Attorre Fabio , Biurrun Idoia , Boch Steffen , Bonari Gianmaria , Čarni Andraž , Chiarucci Alessandro , Ćušterevska Renata , Dengler Jürgen , Dziuba Tetiana , Garbolino Emmanuel , Jandt Ute , Lenoir Jonathan , Marcenò Corrado , Rūsiņa Solvita , Šibík Jozef , Škvorc Željko , Stančić Zvjezdana , Stanišić‐Vujačić Milica , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Swacha Grzegorz , Vassilev Kiril , Chytrý Milan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsThe Raunkiær's system classifies vascular plants into life forms based on the position of renewal buds during periods unfavourable for plant growth. Despite the importance of Raunkiær's system for ecological research, a study exploring the diversity and distribution of life forms on a continental scale is missing. We aim to (i) map the diversity and distribution of life forms in European vegetation and (ii) test for effects of bioclimatic variables while controlling for habitat‐specific responses.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used data on life forms of 8883 species recorded in 546,501 vegetation plots of different habitats (forest, grassland, scrub and wetland). For each plot, we calculated: (i) the proportion of species of each life form and (ii) the richness and evenness of life forms. We mapped these plot‐level metrics averaged across 50 km × 50 km grid cells and modelled their response to bioclimatic variables.ResultsHemicryptophytes were the most widespread life form, especially in the temperate zone of Central Europe. Conversely, therophyte and chamaephyte species were more common in the Mediterranean as well as in the dry temperate regions. Moreover, chamaephytes were also more common in the boreal and arctic zones. Higher proportions of phanerophytes were found in the Mediterranean. Overall, a higher richness of life forms was found at lower latitudes while evenness showed more spatially heterogeneous patterns. Habitat type was the main discriminator for most of the responses analysed, but several moisture‐related predictors still showed a marked effect on the diversity of therophytes and chamaephytes.ConclusionsOur maps can be used as a tool for future biogeographic and macro‐ecological research at a continental scale. Habitat type and bioclimatic conditions are key for regulating the diversity and distribution of plant life forms, with concomitant consequences for the response of functional diversity in European vegetation to global environmental changes.
The shape of business cycles: A cross‐country analysis of Friedman's plucking theory
Authors: Kohlscheen Emanuel , Moessner Richhild , Rees Daniel M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe test the international applicability of Friedman's plucking theory of the business cycle in 18 advanced economies between 1970 and 2019. We find that in countries where labour markets are more flexible (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States), unemployment rates typically return to pre‐recession levels, in line with Friedman's theory. Elsewhere, unemployment rate recoveries are less complete. Output recoveries differ less across countries, but more across episodes: on average, half of the decline in GDP during a recession persists. In contrast, the extent of labour market tightening or output growth during a boom generally does not provide any information about the intensity of the subsequent recession. In terms of sectors, declines in manufacturing are typically fully reversed. In contrast, construction‐driven recessions, which are often associated with bursting property price bubbles, tend to be persistent.
Application of the New Irrigation Protocol to Reduce Recurrence Rate in the Management Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Chen Weishen , Rong Rong , Pan Baiqi , Hu Xuantao , Zheng Linli , Alimu Aerman , Chu Chenghan , Tu Yucheng , Zhang Ziji , Ye Yongyu , Gu Minghui , Sheng Puyi 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveIrrigation is a conventional treatment for acute and chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, there has been no unified standard for irrigation during surgery for PJI in the past, and the efficacy is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to create a new irrigation protocol to enhance the infection control rate and reduce the postoperative recurrence rate of PJI patients.MethodsWe conducted a single‐institution retrospective review with a total of 56 patients who underwent revision total hip or knee arthroplasties due to PJI from January 2011 to January 2022. Conventional irrigation (CI) was used in 32 cases, and standard operating procedure of irrigation (SOPI) was used in 24. The CI protocol carries out an empirical irrigation after debridement, which is quite random. Our SOPI protocol clearly stipulates the soaking concentration and time of hydrogen peroxide and povidone‐iodine. The irrigation is carried out three times, and tissue samples are taken from multiple parts before and after irrigation, which are sent for microbial culture. The important statistical indicators were the rate of positive microbiological culture and postoperative recurrence rate with an average follow‐up of 24 average months.ResultsThe drainage volume was lower in the SOPI group than in the CI group on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.01) and 7 (p = 0.016). In addition, the percentage of positive microbiological cultures after the third irrigation was less than that before (p < 0.01) and after (p < 0.01) the first irrigation. The most common causative organism was Staphylococcus aureus, which was detected in 25.0% and 12.5% of the SOPI and CI groups, respectively. The failure rate at the final follow‐up was 8.3% and 31.3% (p = 0.039) for the SOPI and CI groups, respectively.ConclusionCompared with the traditional CI method, SOPI standardized the soaking time of hydrogen peroxide and povidone‐iodine, increased the frequency of and irrigation, and proved that microorganisms were almost completely removed through the microbial culture of multiple tissues. SOPI has the potential to become a standardized irrigation process worthy of promotion, effectively reducing the postoperative recurrence rate of PJI patients.