bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic counseling in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer in Israel: Psychosocial impact and retention of genetic information
Authors: DiCastro Michal , Frydman Moshe , Friedman Irit , Shiri‐Sverdlov Ronit , Papa Moshe Z. , Goldman Boleslaw , Friedman Eitan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGenetic counseling for individuals at high risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer (oncogenetic counseling) involves evaluation of cancer risk, psychological assessment, and genetic testing for germline mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes. The long‐term psychosocial impact of oncogenetic counseling on consultees and the retention of oncogenetic information are uncertain. We retrospectively interviewed 155 women who underwent oncogenetic counseling in a single medical center in Israel in 1996 (N = 50) and 1998 (N = 105). There were 29 (18.7%) BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers and 126 non‐carriers; 58 (37.4%) had a past or present history of cancer, and 97 (62.6%) were first‐degree relatives within breast/ovarian cancer families. A questionnaire evaluating self‐reported distress and anxiety symptoms before and after counseling, as well as the retention of relevant information (e.g., individual and offspring cancer risk, early detection schemes), one and three years after the initial consultation was administered. Overall, oncogenetic counseling had a minimal effect on anxiety‐related symptoms. Mutation carriers reported anxiety‐associated symptoms, such as sleeplessness and “bad mood”, more frequently than non‐carriers following oncogenetic counseling. As expected, 61.8% of carriers and only 30% of non‐carriers accurately remembered the personal and offspring cancer risk and preventive and early detection schemes. We conclude that although there seemed to be slight worsening of anxiety‐related symptoms following oncogenetic counseling in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers, these symptoms were minimal and did not affect everyday life activities. In addition, there is an ongoing need to emphasize oncogenetic information to high‐risk individuals. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Omodysplasia: An affected mother and son
Authors: Venditti Charles P. , Farmer Jennifer , Russell Karen L. , Friedrich Christopher A. , Alter Craig , Canning Douglas , Whitaker Linton , Mennuti Michael T. , Driscoll Deborah A. , Zackai Elaine H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a second family with mother to son transmission of omodysplasia, a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by shortened humeri, shortened first metacarpals and craniofacial dysmorphism. The mother in this family had been diagnosed previously with Robinow syndrome; subsequently, her diagnosis was reclassified. Her pregnancy was closely monitored antenatally with serial ultrasound examinations. Delayed ossification of the humerus was noted prenatally. Her son had ambiguous genitalia and similar skeletal manifestations as his mother. A comparison to other known and suspected cases of dominant omodysplasia is presented. Our observations confirm the existence of a dominant variant of omodysplasia, document genital hypoplasia as an important feature of this syndrome in males and highlight the need to differentiate this entity from Robinow syndrome. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further case of Cantú syndrome: Exclusion of cryptic subtelomeric chromosome aberrations
Authors: Engels Hartmut , Bosse Kristin , Ehrbrecht Antje , Zahn Susanne , Hoischen Alexander , Propping Peter , Bindl Lutz , Reutter Heiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCantú syndrome consists of hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, and cardiomegaly, and has been reported in 18 patients to date. We report an infant with Cantú syndrome. In addition to typical findings, he had relatively mild radiological and cardiological manifestations. Previously undescribed findings included pyloric stenosis and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Brain scans showed bilateral calcification of the Arteriae thalamostriatae and widening of the outer liquor spaces and lateral ventricles. Because the propositus is the youngest patient reported to date, our findings refine the clinical spectrum of Cantú syndrome in neonates and young infants. The etiology and mode of inheritance of Cantú syndrome are unknown. Most cases are sporadic. Microdeletions have been discussed as a possible cause of Cantú syndrome. Recently, several syndromes with multiple congenital anomalies and mental retardation have been shown to be caused by subtelomeric chromosome aberrations. We excluded the presence of a cryptic subtelomeric chromosome anomaly in our patient by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) screening with locus‐specific probes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Female reproductive parameters and fruit availability: factors determining onset of estrus in Japanese macaques
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examined the onset of estrus, nutritional conditions during the mating season, and female reproductive parameters in a troop of unprovisioned Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata). The mean interbirth interval (IBI) was 25.1 mo, suggesting a 2‐yr birth cycle. The mean IBI following the death of an infant before the mating season was only 19.8 mo, whereas the mean IBI was 27.8 mo when the infant survived. Estrus occurred during the time of the greatest food quality, in the autumn (i.e., mating season). A female whose infant did not survive the mating season tended to come into estrus more readily than one with a surviving infant. Only one of the 19 females whose infants survived came into estrus, whereas 43 of the 58 (74.1%) females whose infants did not survive came into estrus. Fruit conditions during the mating season each year were evaluated by the seed crop of the two species (Fagus crenata and Zelkova serrata) that constituted the main food source for the macaques; fruiting levels were classified as “high‐fruit” or “low‐fruit.” Females came into estrus more often during high‐fruit mating seasons than during low‐fruit mating seasons: 36 (97.3%) of 37 females came into estrus during high‐fruit mating seasons, whereas eight (20%) of 40 females came into estrus during low‐fruit mating seasons. Although females came into estrus under both high‐ and low‐fruit conditions during the mating season, estrus seldom occurred when females had a surviving infant, and it appears that the absence of a surviving infant is an almost essential variable for the onset of estrus. When females with a surviving infant were excluded from the analysis because they were unlikely to come into estrus, all 35 remaining females (100%) came into estrus during high‐fruit mating seasons, whereas only eight (34.8%) of 23 females came into estrus during low‐fruit mating seasons. Therefore, the onset of estrus is strongly affected not only by the survival of infants through the mating season, but also by fruiting conditions, especially the availability of high‐quality food. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Segment and joint angles of hind limb during bipedal and quadrupedal walking of the bonobo (Pan paniscus)
Authors: D'Août Kristiaan , Aerts Peter , De Clercq Dirk , De Meester Koen , Van Elsacker Linda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe segment angles (trunk, thigh, shank, and foot) and joint angles (hip, knee, and ankle) for the hind limbs of bonobos walking bipedally (“bent‐hip bent‐knee walking,” 17 sequences) and quadrupedally (33 sequences). Data were based on video recordings (50 Hz) of nine subjects in a lateral view, walking at voluntary speed. The major differences between bipedal and quadrupedal walking are found in the trunk, thigh, and hip angles. During bipedal walking, the trunk is approximately 33–41° more erect than during quadrupedal locomotion, although it is considerably more bent forward than in normal human locomotion. Moreover, during bipedal walking, the hip has a smaller range of motion (by 12°) and is more extended (by 20–35°) than during quadrupedal walking. In general, angle profiles in bonobos are much more variable than in humans. Intralimb phase relationships of subsequent joint angles show that hip‐knee coordination is similar for bipedal and quadrupedal walking, and resembles the human pattern. The coordination between knee and ankle differs much more from the human pattern. Based on joint angles observed throughout stance phase and on the estimation of functional leg length, an efficient inverted pendulum mechanism is not expected in bonobos. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:37–51, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interictal and postictal alterations of pulsatile secretions of luteinizing hormone in temporal lobe epilepsy in men
Authors: Quigg Mark , Kiely James M. , Shneker Bassel , Veldhuis Johannes D. , Bertram Edward H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMesial temporal lobe epilepsy has been associated with abnormalities of reproductive physiology, but the mechanisms of hormonal dysregulation are not clear. Chronic effects of the epileptic state and the acute impact of seizures could alter hypothalamic function, which is represented by the downstream pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone. This study evaluates the interictal and postictal secretion of luteinizing hormone in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. We characterized luteinizing hormone secretion in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy during two 24‐hour epochs: an interictal baseline and a postictal interval initiated by an electrographically confirmed spontaneous seizure. Males, rather than females, were studied so that menstrual cycles could not account for differences between epochs. Blood luteinizing hormone and prolactin (as a positive control) were measured every 10 minutes. Deconvolution analysis defined luteinizing hormone secretion in terms of interpulse interval, amplitude, and mass. Approximate entropy quantitated relative degradation in the orderliness of serial luteinizing hormone release. Interictal baseline epochs were compared to those of healthy controls with unpaired Student's t tests and between interictal and postictal epochs within epileptic patients with paired t tests. Ten epileptic men completed both interictal and postictal epochs. Interictally, seizure patients had lower mean concentrations, slower pulse rates, and higher peak amplitudes than healthy male controls. Within epileptic patients, mean interpulse interval, pulse amplitude, and pulse mass were not affected by the occurrence of seizures, whereas the orderliness of pulse mass decreased postictally. Acute seizures induced timing irregularity in luteinizing hormone secretion, whereas chronic epilepsy was associated with changes in luteinizing hormone pulse frequency, amplitude, and mass. Altered timing and regularity of neuroendocrine pulse patterns may underlie other disorders of homeostasis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Microscopic R2* mapping of reduced brain iron in the Belgrade rat
Authors: Zywicke Holly A. , Van Gelderen Peter , Connor James R. , Burdo Joseph R. , Garrick Michael D. , Dolan Kevin G. , Frank Joseph A. , Bulte Jeff W. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractR2* mapping has recently been used to detect iron overload in patients with movement disorders. We demonstrate here that this technique can also be used to detect reduced brain iron, as in the case of a missense mutation in the iron‐transporting protein divalent metal transporter 1. Surprisingly, we found that the same brain regions are affected (ie, the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and cerebellar dentate nucleus); this suggests a much more extensive role for these structures in regulating overall brain iron homeostasis. Therefore, for the clinical monitoring of movement disorders for which normal brain iron homeostasis (either overload or reduction) may be implicated, R2* mapping appears to be well‐suited.
Mechanisms of acute cerebral infarctions in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis: A diffusion‐weighted imaging and microemboli monitoring study
Authors: Wong Ka Sing , Gao Shan , Chan Yu Leung , Hansberg Tjark , Lam Wynnie W. M. , Droste Dirk W. , Kay Richard , Ringelstein E. Bernd 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough most therapeutic efforts and experimental stroke models focus on the concept of complete occlusion of the middle cerebral artery as a result of embolism from the carotid artery or cardiac chamber, relatively little is known about the stroke mechanism of intrinsic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Differences in stroke pathophysiology may require different strategies for prevention and treatment. We prospectively studied 30 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis detected by transcranial Doppler and magnetic resonance angiography. Patients underwent microembolic signal monitoring by transcranial Doppler and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Characteristics of acute infarct on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging were categorized according to the number (single or multiple infarcts) and the pattern of cerebral infarcts (cortical, border zone, or perforating artery territory infarcts). The data of microembolic signals and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging were assessed blindly and independently by separate observers. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed that 15 patients (50%) had single acute cerebral infarcts and 15 patients had multiple acute cerebral infarcts. Among patients with multiple acute infarcts, unilateral, deep, chainlike border zone infarcts were the most common pattern (11 patients, 73%), and for single infarcts, penetrating artery infarcts were the most common (10 patients, 67%). Microembolic signals were detected in 10 patients (33%). The median number of microembolic signals per 30 minutes was 15 (range, 3–102). Microembolic signals were found in 9 patients with multiple infarcts and in 1 patient with a single infarct (p = 0.002, χ2). The number of microembolic signals predicted the number of acute infarcts on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (linear regression, adjusted R2 =0.475, p < 0.001). Common stroke mechanisms in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis are the occlusion of a single penetrating artery to produce a small subcortical lacuna‐like infarct and an artery‐to‐artery embolism with impaired clearance of emboli that produces multiple small cerebral infarcts, especially along the border zone region.
Investigation of properties, nanostructure, and distribution in controlled polyester polymerization with layered silicate
Authors: Ke Yang‐Chuan , Yang Zhi‐Bin , Zhu Chuan‐Feng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article presents a series of nanocomposites of a polyester [poly (ethylene terephathalate), PET] with different contents of layered silicates of montmorillonite (MMt) by a controlled process, that is, controlling the way to pretreat MMt, the content of MMt, the kind of reagents used, and the way for MMt to be added. Also investigated, in detail, were the properties, nanostructure, and distribution of nanocomposites with an MMt content below 5% by weight. Results by TEM and AFM showed that the nanoparticles are in a normal distribution with a most probable size of 30–70 nm; the exfoliated MMt lamellae interacting with the PET molecular chain produced more regular chain patterns than did pure PET itself when the MMt content was low (lower than 3% by weight); and the agglomerated particles seem not to be found in an MMt content less than 3% by weight, but to increase with the MMt content in the nanocomposites. The investigation of these nanocomposite properties showed that the optimized properties require an optimized MMt content within 2–3% by weight. When MMt is increased from 3 to 5% by weight in the nanocomposites, agglomeration is unavoidable. Thus, the critical content for MMt added to PET is about 3% by weight. X‐ray results showed the appearance of several small diffraction peaks in the 2θ angle from 1° to 7° for the annealing nanocomposite samples; these peaks are thought to be from the residue of unexfoliated MMt lamellae or metastable (unstable) MMt lamellae. DSC results proved that the nanocomposites have a higher crystallization rate than that of pure PET due to an exfoliated MMt lamellae nucleation effect. Thus, to obtain a stable nanostructure (or nanocomposite), the MMt content needs to be controlled. The nanostructure plays such a role in the crystallization nucleation of nanocomposites. The interaction of exfoliated lamellae with the molecular chain causes a more regular chain pattern and affects the PET crystallization rate and morphology. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2677–2691, 2002
Mechanical properties and morphology of PA6/EVA blends
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arup R. , Maiti S. N. , Misra Ashok 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe mechanical properties of blends of polyamide6 (PA6) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) at a blending composition of 0–50 wt % EVA were studied. The notched Izod impact strength of PA6 increased with the incorporation of EVA, the increase being more than 100% compared to PA6 at 10% EVA. The tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the blends decreased steadily as the weight percent of EVA increased. Analysis of the tensile data using predictive theories indicated the extent of the interaction of the dispersed phase and the matrix up to 20 wt % EVA. SEM studies of the cryogenically fractured surfaces indicated increase in the dispersed phase domain size with EVA concentrations. On the other hand, impact fractured surfaces of PA6/EVA blends indicated debonding of EVA particles, leaving hemispherical bumps, indicating inadequate interfacial adhesion between PA6 and EVA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1593–1606, 2002
A study on new polymerization technology of styrene
Authors: Si Linxu , Zheng Anna , Yang Haibo , Guo Renyi , Zhu Zhongnan , Zhang Yongming 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe classic polymerization technology of polystyrene is a high‐cost and nonfriendly environmental technology. Furthermore, the weight‐average molecular weight of polystyrene is hard to enhance up to 400,000 in the classic polymerization technology. The disadvantages limit the growth rate of polystyrene. The solution for increasing the growth rate of polystyrene lies in new technology. The reactive extrusion process of polystyrene was studied in detail and the whole reactive extrusion process of polystyrene was obtained. By means of controlling the flow rate of styrene and the initiator and the screw rotational speed, samples of polystyrene with different molecular weights were synthesized by the twin‐screw extruder. The properties of synthesized polystyrene with different molecular weights were studied; the mechanic properties of polystyrene will increase with an increase of the weight average molecular weight of polystyrene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2130–2135, 2002
Application of factorial experimental design to study the influence of polymerization conditions on the yield of polyaniline powder
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Ho 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInfluences of chemical oxidation polymerization conditions on the yields of polyaniline powder were investigated. These chemical oxidation polymerization conditions included polymerization time, concentration of HNO3, mol ratio of ammonium persulfate/aniline (APS/AN), and polymerization temperature. If polymerization time, concentration of HNO3, mol ratio of APS/AN, and polymerization temperature were 60 min, 1.0 M, 1.0, and 0°C, respectively, then the yield of emeraldine base form polyaniline powder was around 78.1%. The yield of polyaniline powder increased significantly with the polymerization time, concentration of HNO3, and the mol ratio of APS/AN. A 23 factorial experimental design was applied to study the main, two‐factor interaction, and three‐factor interaction effects of polymerization time, concentration of HNO3, and mol ratio of APS/AN on the yield of polyaniline powder. According to the definition, the sequence of the main effects on the yield of polyaniline powder, in ascending order, is concentration of HNO3 < mol ratio of APS/AN < polymerization time. The sequence of the two‐factor interaction effects on the yield of polyaniline, in ascending order, is concentration of HNO3 vs. mol ratio of APS/AN < polymerization time vs. concentration of HNO3 < polymerization time vs. mol ratio of APS/AN. Meanwhile, the prediction equation by definition is: Ŷ = 0.287+0.145X1+0.091X2+0.121X3+0.023X1X2+0.111X1X3+0.002X2X3+0.003X1X2X3. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1571–1580, 2002
Flow‐injection polymer analysis of ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomers. I
Authors: Poché Drew S. , Brown Raymond J. , Meiske Larry 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA rapid, flow‐injection polymer analysis (FIPA) method for the solution characterization of EPDM elastomers, with a wide range of ethylene comonomer content, was developed. Solutions of the polymer were introduced into a flowing mobile phase which was monitored by an array of three detectors: a right‐angle laser light‐scattering unit, a differential refractive index detector, and a differential pressure viscometer. To adequately characterize a wide range of comonomer composition, it was found that a nominal temperature of 90°C and a solvent (e.g., 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene) capable of high‐temperature sample dissolution was needed for the analysis. Polymer association or aggregation was observed in cyclohexane at lower analysis temperatures. With an analysis time of a few minutes, information on molecular weight, molecular size, and comonomer composition can be obtained directly. Information regarding polydispersity and properties such as melt viscosity may be obtained indirectly or through correlation to other, independent property measurements. The data were also compared to a high‐temperature GPC analysis method already in use. The combination of rapid analysis time and measurement of fundamental molecular properties suggests the usefulness of the instrumentation and method to plant process control. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2178–2189, 2002
Water in different poly(styrene sulfonic acid)‐grafted fluoropolymers
Authors: Walsby Nadia , Hietala Sami , Maunu Sirkka Liisa , Sundholm Franciska , Kallio Tanja , Sundholm Göran 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the water present in a series of radiation‐grafted fluoropolymers with similar poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) contents with the aim of determining the influence of the initial fluoropolymer. Radiation‐grafted membranes were compared with Nafion 117 and 105. Sorption curves and differential scanning calorimetry thermograms showed that all the membranes contained the same number of water molecules tightly bound to the sulfonic acid groups; this water did not freeze. In radiation‐grafted membranes, the content of freezing water absorbed from the liquid‐phase water varied according to the swelling abilities of the membrane, which were dependent on the initial fluoropolymer. Larger pores accompanied high water uptakes and high conductivity. The amount of water absorbed from the vapor phase was similar for all radiation‐grafted membranes with similar PSSA contents, irrespective of matrix material. Nafion membranes had higher conductivities at intermediate hydration levels, and the relaxation times measured by NMR were longer than for the radiation‐grafted materials. This suggests that the channels for water and proton conduction are different in the two types of materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 33–42, 2002