bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal hypertension and variceal bleeding during receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy: Beyond and known frontiers
Authors: Song Zheng , Chang Xiujuan , Yang Yongping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant global burden, with most patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poor prognosis due to the lack of systemic treatment. The approval of oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), immune checkpoint inhibitors, and anti‐angiogenic agents has rapidly expanded the treatment prospects for HCC. However, the use of these drugs has also increased the incidence of portal hypertension (PHT) and upper gastrointestinal variceal bleeding in HCC patients. The diagnosis, screening, emergency treatment, and secondary prevention of upper gastrointestinal variceal rebleeding in advanced HCC patients undergoing oral TKIs therapy have become clinically urgent and critical issues. This review provides an overview of the existing understanding regarding the uses and limitations of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion for managing HCC in cirrhosis patients with PHT and variceal hemorrhage. Additionally, it explores the potential of TIPS in managing acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and preventing rebleeding in advanced HCC patients undergoing TKIs therapy. The placement of TIPS within the treatment hierarchy is determined by the specific clinical environment and the individual attributes of the patient.
Shedding light on cobalamin photodegradation in the ocean
Authors: Bannon Catherine C. , Mudge Elizabeth M. , Bertrand Erin M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCobalamin, vitamin B12, is an important micronutrient that has been investigated for decades in the marine context because it is required for phytoplankton growth. The biologically active forms (Me‐B12, Ado‐B12) and the synthetic form (CN‐B12) quickly convert to OH‐B12 after light exposure in various aqueous solutions, but puzzlingly have been frequently reported to dominate dissolved cobalamin pools in the sunlit ocean. Here, we document photodegradation timescales for these cobalamin forms in natural seawater using targeted mass spectrometry, providing quantitative evidence that OH‐B12 is expected to be the dominant dissolved form in irradiated seawater. Then, through high‐resolution mass spectrometry, we identify four photodegradation products of OH‐B12 which represent potential building blocks microbes could salvage and remodel to satisfy cellular cobalamin requirements. Taken together, these results clarify the impact of light on marine cobalamin dynamics, laying a foundation for a more quantitative understanding of the role of cobalamin in microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles.
Analysis of third alternatives' impact on PROMETHEE II ranking
Authors: Coquelet Boris , Dejaegere Gilles , De Smet Yves 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSo far, the rank reversal (RR) phenomenon has been heavily discussed in the multiple criteria analysis literature. In this work, instead of focusing on RR occurrences within PROMETHEE II, an analysis of the third alternative with respect to a given pair of alternatives is conducted. The aim is to provide a way to identify third alternatives able to cause RR between a specific pair. This opens the question of building alternatives causing RR occurrences. Such alternatives can then be used to assess the resistance a given ranking has to RR. In the end, two different approaches are used. The first considers the number of third alternatives to be added to generate RR for a given pair of alternatives. While, the second one, provides a new threshold for RR occurrences in PROMETHEE II.
The tuning of crystallization behavior of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)
Authors: Bai Xiao , Li Haikuo , Chu Xiao , Liu Mengling , Li Huihui , Wang Haijun , Sun Xiaoli , Yan Shouke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPoly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] has three crystal forms, including paraelectric α, ferroelectric β, and γ phases. In previous studies, the properties and performances of P(VDF‐TrFE) have been the focus of research. However, the formation mechanism and regulation mode of various crystal forms remain unclear. Therefore, it is an important topic for further research to elucidate, summarize, and prospect the polymorphism of P(VDF‐TrFE) and regulate the crystal forms. This review systematically summarizes the crystalline structure and phase transition between ferroelectric and paraelectric phase of P(VDF‐TrFE) crystals; discusses the influence of annealing, blending and electric field on the crystallinity, selection of polymorphic crystals, and phase transition behavior between them; reviews the effects of annealing, melt‐recrystallization, substrate and nanoconfinement on the crystal orientation. Finally, the effects of the crystal structure of P(VDF‐TrFE) on its properties are briefly summarized.
Development of biodegradable coatings by the incorporation of essential oils derived from food waste: A new sustainable packaging approach
Authors: Khalid Samran , Naeem Muhammad , Talha Muhammad , Hassan Syed Ali , Ali Aman , Maan Abid Aslam , Bhat Zuhaib F. , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPackaging serves as a pivotal component in addressing food losses by extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of both raw and processed food products. Nevertheless, conventional plastic packaging has substantial environmental drawbacks due to its non‐biodegradable nature and the inclusion of potentially harmful chemical components. As a result, there is a global shift toward biodegradable packaging obtained from natural sources as a more environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative. In this regard, biodegradable coatings made up of natural sources are very efficient for food packaging purposes because of various significant properties. Moreover, huge amounts of food waste are produced globally, leading to environmental pollution. Utilization of this waste is crucial, with one significant application being the extraction of essential oils (EOs). These oils are incorporated into different coatings materials to enhance their functional properties for better preservation of food products. So, this review covers the potential of EOs derived from food waste materials as bioactive compounds incorporated in biodegradable coatings for enhancing the storage quality and shelf life of food products. The biodegradable coatings enriched with these EOs thereby reduce microbial spoilage, stop moisture loss and act as a barrier against gases that ultimately enhance the product's shelf life. These coatings with EOs also reduce weight loss and stabilize other parameters such as pH, colour, acidity and firmness of food commodities. Different packaging systems using waste‐derived EOs have been developed to preserve both plant and animal‐origin foods such as fruits, meat, fish, shrimp, mushrooms and cheese. Developing biodegradable packaging from natural polymers along with the incorporation of EOs from food waste is an innovative way of food preservation and waste management.
Temporal variations in soil aggregate re‐formation behaviors after disturbance by tillage
Authors: Ozlu Ekrem , Arriaga Francisco J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAggregate re‐formation after a disturbance is important for maintaining soil hydraulic status and carbon stabilization. A study investigating the re‐formation of aggregates after disturbance by spring tillage was conducted at a site located on a south‐facing (6%) slope with a silt‐loam soil at Arlington‐Wisconsin in 2018 and 2019. Treatments were conventional tillage (CT) and no‐tillage (NT) with winter application of solid manure (SM) and no manure in a complete randomized design. Soils under NT had a higher proportion of larger aggregates (>1 mm), whereas the proportion of smaller (<1 mm) aggregates was greater under CT. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, bulk density, soil water retention, and micropores of NT treatments were higher compared to CT systems at 0‐ to 5‐cm depth. However, the impacts of manure application on soil properties were not significant, except for those of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen. Harvesting in 2018 decreased the relative proportion of aggregates smaller than 1 mm and hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil. These results indicate that the immediate effect of tillage is to decrease larger aggregates, SOC, and total porosity, whereas harvesting decreases the proportion of smaller aggregates. Comparatively, aggregates smaller than 1 mm were mainly influenced by the long‐term effects of the management operations. It appears that larger aggregates can recover on an annual basis, but aggregates smaller than 1 mm do not. In long‐term studies, there is a need to monitor aggregates, including their size distribution and pore structures, to identify aggregate turnover time and rate, which will augment our understanding of aggregate formation.
Recent Advancements in Strategies for the Synthesis of Imidazoles, Thiazoles, Oxazoles, and Benzimidazoles
Authors: Kant Kamal , Patel Chandresh K. , Banerjee Sourav , Naik Priyadarshini , Atta Ananta K. , Kabi Arup K. , Malakar Chandi C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNitrogen‐containing heterocycles such as imidazoles, thiazoles, and oxazoles play a significant role in the fields of biological and pharmaceutical chemistry. These compounds were widely used for agrochemical, pesticide, medicinal, and industrial applications. Due to the wide spectrum of structural diversity as well as the biological and pharmaceutical activity of N‐heterocycles, a plethora of reports on their synthesis have appeared in the last few decades. However, developments in various bond‐forming strategies such as C−C, C−N, C−O, C−S, and N−N, as well as C−H activation, have been used as a powerful synthetic tool to derive copious N‐heterocycles. The most prominent and fascinating reports on the synthesis of imidazole, thiazole, oxazoles, and benzimidazole moieties by C−C and C−N coupling reactions, multi‐component and cycloaddition reactions, C−H activation, etc. are discussed in this study. These studies demonstrated the enormous potential of such methods for accelerating modern chemical synthesis and establishing molecular beauty through bonding. The various aspects of the methodologies, like optimized conditions, substrate scope, and mechanistic investigations, are discussed in detail.
Janus Zn‐IV‐VI: Robust Photocatalysts with Enhanced Built‐In Electric Fields and Strain‐Regulation Capability for Water Splitting
Authors: Shen Jiao , Zhang Tao , Jiang Hong , Wang Kai , Chang Haiqing , Zhang Tian C. , Zhao Yan , Fan Yubo , Liang Ying , Tian Xiaobao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of 2D materials to produce hydrogen (H2) fuel via photocatalytic water splitting has been intensively studied. However, the simultaneous fulfillment of the three essential requirements—high photon utilization, rapid carrier transfer, and low‐barrier redox reactions—for wide‐pH‐range production of H2 still poses a significant challenge with no additional modulation. By employing the first‐principles calculations, it has been observed that the Janus ZnXY2 structures (X = Si/Ge/Sn, Y = S/Se/Te) exhibit significantly enhanced built‐in electric fields (0.20−0.36 eV Å−1), which address the limitations intrinsically. Compared to conventional Janus membranes, the ductile ZnSnSe2 and ZnSnTe2 monolayers have stronger regulation of electric fields, resulting in improved electron mobility and excitonic nature (Ebinding = 0.50/0.35 eV). Both monolayers exhibit lower energy barriers of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, 0.98/0.86 eV, pH = 7) and resistance to photocorrosion across pH 0‐7. Furthermore, the 1% tensile strain can further boost visible light utilization and intermediate absorption. The optimal AC‐type bilayer stacking configuration is conducive to enhancing electric fields for photocatalysis. Overall, Janus ZnXY2 membranes overcome the major challenges faced by conventional 2D photocatalysts via intrinsic polarization and external amelioration, enabling efficient and controllable photocatalysis without the need for doping or heterojunctions.
Analytical quality by design‐based thin‐layer chromatography method development and validation for assay and content uniformity testing of the anti‐neoplastic drug Axitinib in tablet formulation
Authors: Koradia ShaileshKumar , Patel Madhavi , Sen Ashim Kumar , Sen Dhanya B. , Pradhan Prasanna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current study aims to develop and validate an analytical quality by design approach‐based high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the analysis of Axitinib tablet samples. The chromatographic conditions in the TLC method were optimized using a three‐level full factorial design. The mobile phase composition and chamber saturation time served as the independent variables for optimization. The mobile phase used for TLC separation on pre‐coated aluminum plates with silica gel 60 F254 consisted of a mixture of ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 9:1 (v/v). Axitinib was quantified at 330 nm using the densitometric method. Axitinib peak from tablet formulation was verified against the reference standard by comparing its single band at Rf 0.44 ± 0.02. Linearity was found to exist between 100 and 600 ng/band, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9978. The percentage recovery was obtained as 98.21%–99.05%. The system was validated by determining the parameters according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Conditions for Medical Products for Human Use. The proposed TLC method can be effectively applied to routine quality control of a pharmaceutical product.
Troponin T1 silencing inhibits paclitaxel resistance and the development of breast cancer via suppressing rat sarcoma virus/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma 1 pathway
Authors: Zhu Tong , Zhou Peng , Yang Lu , Fang Xuan , Zhi Xiangcheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine the role of Troponin T1 (TNNT1) in paclitaxel (PTX) resistance and tumor progression in breast cancer (BC).MethodsDifferentially expressed genes were obtained from the GSE4298 and GSE90564 datasets. Hub genes were isolated from protein–protein interaction networks and further validated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effect of TNNT1 on PTX resistance was determined using cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, wound healing, transwell, flow cytometry assays, and subcutaneous xenografted tumor model. Western blotting was used to detect proteins associated with PTX resistance, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and other key pathways. Hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the role of TNNT1 in tumors.ResultsAfter comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, we identified CCND1, IGF1, SFN, INHBA, TNNT1, and TNFSF11 as hub genes for PTX resistance in BC. TNNT1 plays a key role in BC and is upregulated in PTX‐resistant BC cells. TNNT1 silencing inhibited PTX resistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis of PTX‐resistant BC cells. Tumor xenograft experiments revealed that TNNT1 silencing suppresses PTX resistance and tumor development in vivo. In addition, TNNT1 silencing inhibited the expression of proteins in the rat sarcoma virus (RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma1 (RAF1) pathway in vivo. Treatment with a RAS/RAF1 pathway activator reversed the inhibitory effect of TNNT1 silencing on proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis of PTX resistance BC cells.ConclusionSilencing of TNNT1 suppresses PTX resistance and BC progression by inhibiting the RAS/RAF1 pathway, which is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for drug resistance in BC.
Introduction to History and Speculative Fiction: Essays in Honor of Gunlög Fur
Authors: Hennessey John L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter makes the case that despite different epistemological starting points, history and speculative fiction are both arguably “literatures of cognitive estrangement.” Both can help expose invisible problematic aspects of their authors’ and readers’ societies and suggest possible solutions or futures. Summarizing relevant existing literature and theoretical perspectives, the chapter suggests the usefulness of the postcolonial concept of concurrences for both modes and different possible ways to define the two. It also investigates the relationship that history and speculative fiction have to colonial ideology and ecocriticism, as well as presenting the structure of the book.
The Weirdness of White Strangers: Imaginations of Westerners in Southeast Asian Lore and Tradition
Authors: Hägerdal Hans 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs is well known, Western writers since the Middle Ages have frequently created mythologizing and exotic imaginations of Asian cultural elements. However, the opposite is true as well. The present study discusses how Europeans could be inserted into Southeast Asian mythologizing and fantastic accounts where elements of the supernatural and essential strangeness are dominant tropes. Examples are taken from a range of legendary and literary texts from pre-colonial and early-colonial Southeast Asia which use the foreignness of the Europeans to emphasize proper values among the creators’ own ethnic group—in other words, employing the Other as a negative mirror, thus enhancing certain narrative and moralistic tropes. All this provides new insights into premodern Southeast Asian perceptions of ethnic and cultural borders.
Ted Chiang’s Counterphysical Stories and History of Science Pedagogy
Authors: Hennessey John L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCounterfactual history constitutes a prominent subgenre of speculative fiction. Nevertheless, though diverging from actual historical events, such works tend to otherwise be highly realistic. Other speculative fiction goes much further, creating not only an alternative timeline but an alternate reality governed by different physical laws. This chapter coins the term “counterphysical” to describe literature that plays with the very laws of physics or nature, but remains within a rules-based, science-inspired paradigm. Examining two counterphysical stories by Ted Chiang, “Seventy-Two Letters” (2000) and “Omphalos” (2019), it argues that such works can serve as a useful tool for teaching the history of science. Counterphysical fiction can help train students to suspend their present-day understanding of science in order to comprehend the worldview and mindset of historical scientists.
The Dark Past of Our Bright Future: Concurrent Histories of Star Trek: Voyager
Authors: Andrén Ella 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Star Trek franchise is frequently described as utopian, the bright future of humanity, Earth, and the universe. The time and society of the Starfleet explorers is said to have overcome issues of inequality, racism, sexism, hunger, war, capitalism, greed, and environmental problems. This is at the same time a radical fantasy of the future and an artistic and commercial product of our own time. In their travels across the galaxy, the Starfleet explorers also encounter different civilizations, often depicted or even described as reminiscent of various time periods of Earth’s history. Here, our imagined future can meet a metaphorical past, a piece of well-known history made Other. In this way, past, present, and future exist concurrently, and the past is made both vivid, close and alien.
Language Discourses and Contacts in the Twenty-First-Century Far North—Introduction to the Volume
Authors: Frick Maria , Räisänen Tiina , Ylikoski Jussi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith this volume, we invite you on a trip to the Far North of Europe, to Finland and its neighbouring countries Estonia and Sweden, and across the Arctic circle to the Lapland area which stretches from northernmost Scandinavia in the west to northern Finland and North-Western Russia. This is the area in which the Saami and Finnic peoples have lived for centuries, forming language contacts and discourses that are in constant change. On the pages of this book, we will introduce you to some of the inhabitants in this area and familiarise you with their everyday linguistic practices during the first two decades of the twenty-first century. We cover under-studied topics such as the linguistic situation of indigenous Saami people and the language attitudes of twenty-first-century migrants. In the chapters of the book, we will discuss individual language users’ talk about linguistic identities and their use of different languages. We will also explore their linguistic attitudes, ideologies, and ways in which their language use and their talk about language reflect their personal social relations and society at large.
The Effects of the Beginning of University Studies on the Language Revitalisation of Skolt Saami as Seen from the Perspective of Students and the Language Community
Authors: Jomppanen Marjatta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines how the beginning of Skolt Saami studies at a university has affected the revitalisation of the language, as seen from the perspective of both students and the Skolt Saami language community. Skolt Saami is one of the three Saami languages spoken in Finland, along with Aanaar (Inari) Saami and North Saami. All Saami languages are endangered languages. Today, the majority of native speakers (ca. 300) live in Finland. I approach the research topic from the perspective of reversing language shift, which refers to a situation in which, due to various active measures, a language shift from a minority language to a majority language is successfully halted or decelerated. My focus is on a situation in which a minority language acquires the status of a university major. The data consists of interviews with Skolt Saami students at the University of Oulu.
Transnationals’ Discourses on the English Language in Finland
Authors: Lehto Liisa-Maria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study concentrates on how transnationals living in Finland talk about English and its use in a Finnish context. It shows how the informants of the study construct discourses of English: the presence of English in Finnish society, proficiency in English, and the current linguistic situation in Finland. The data consist of pair conversations between transnational informants living in Finland, with 20 informants and 10 recorded pair conversations in total. The discourses show the notion of English as a widely known and spoken language in Finnish society. However, informants refined this general discourse by producing exceptions to the English skills of Finns according to speakers’ age, education, and places of residence. Finally, there was a discourse claiming that it is not possible to fully live in Finland using only English as certain areas of life remain inaccessible without knowledge of the local language.
Implementing Genome Editing in Barley Breeding
Authors: Jakobson Liina , Oney Birol Signem , Timofejeva Ljudmilla 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the status of the genome editing efforts in Hordeum vulgare L. and provides an overview of the technical advances and obstacles of applying genome editing in barley. It also highlights the potential of genome editing in barley breeding with the focus on breeding for high yielding, disease resistant and stable varieties. The CRISPR/Cas technology is a breakthrough in genome editing due to its robustness and easy to use programming, especially for generating targeted mutations to switch off genes that have a negative impact on food quality, increase susceptibility to pathogens, or divert metabolic flux away from useful end products. Genome editing studies are expected to advance barley breeding by accelerating the breeding process and enabling easier multiplexing of traits. The chapter offers an outlook on the future of barley genome editing techniques based on CRISPR/Cas system.