bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatological symptoms and sexual abuse: a review and case reports
Authors: Harth W , Linse R 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTDermatological symptoms in cases of sexual abuse can be very diverse. To establish a causal relationship between skin diseases and sexual abuse is particularly difficult. In dermatology, three main areas of presentation can be identified.Acute consequencesDirect injuries found on the genitalia and body. Behaviour and psychological changes seen. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) may be identified, after an appropriate incubation period.Long‐term consequencesIn the long term, even decades later, patients may manifest with a wide spectrum of psychosomatic manifestations of skin diseases, particularly factitious disorders.ImitationsA group whose skin manifestations may mimic and be mistaken for sexual abuse. The initial suspicion of sexual abuse and the need for specific questioning and investigations can lead to a disturbance in the doctor–patient relationship.
Post‐apopletic trigeminal trophic syndrome
Authors: Ferrara G , Argenziano G , Cicarelli G , Cusano F , Delfino M 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTTrigeminal trophic syndrome is an uncommon clinical entity in which cutaneous trophic ulceration develops with continuous manipulation of trigeminal dermatomes. Patients spontaneously refer picking, rubbing and/or scratching at the affected areas because of hypo‐anaesthesia, paraesthesia and/or pain following damage of the sensory trigeminal fibres or nuclei. We herein describe a patient who developed the syndrome as a sequela of brain stem infarction. Diagnosis by scrape cytology in ruling‐out basal cell carcinoma and other ulcerative skin diseases is discussed and the importance of neurological examination in disclosing hemi‐anaesthesia of trigeminal dermatome(s) is emphasized.
Prevalence of psoriasis in Spain (Epiderma Project: phase I)
Authors: Ferrándiz C , Bordas  , García‐Patos  , Puig S , Pujol R , Smandía A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundVarious national and international studies are under way to obtain reliable data on the epidemiological features of psoriasis.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of psoriasis in the general population in Spain as well as its variations according to sex, age and distribution in different geographical areas.Material and methodsA random sample (12 938 subjects from 4027 households), representative of the general population, was the basis for a cross‐sectional survey through telephone calls performed by trained non‐medical interviewers using a specific questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of psoriasis, similar in both sexes, was estimated to be 1.17–1.43%. The highest prevalence rates were shown among 20–50‐year‐old subjects. Distribution of psoriatic patients was not homogeneous throughout the country and prevalence was shown to be higher in the central dry region of the country.ConclusionsIn a population of about 40 million inhabitants, 470 000–570 000 psoriatic subjects constitute an important target for health care issues and further epidemiological studies.
Allergic reactions to decorative skin paintings
Authors: Nikkels AF , Henry F , Piérard GE 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundDye mixtures containing henna, P‐phenylenediamine (PPD), and indigo are applied to the skin in various parts of the world for religious purposes, social recognition or fun.AimTo identify eventual allergens responsible for contact sensitization to skin decoration in three young children. Lesions remained strictly limited to the site painted during the summer holiday. None of the children had a previous history of contact dermatitis, but two of them suffered from severe seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.FindingsPatch testing revealed severe contact hypersensitivity to PPD in all three patients, and one child presented a positive prick test to 1% henna in water. The eruptions resolved following spontaneous elimination of the dyes and topical applications of corticosteroids, but left residual depigmentation.ConclusionPPD is the main allergen identified in allergic reactions to decorative skin paintings.
Phagocytized apoptotic cells in subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ikeda E , Endo M , Uchigasaki S , Baba S , Suzuki H , Kinukawa N , Nemoto N 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe reported on a case of subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) with multiple erythematous nodular lesions on the extremities, trunk and face. Histological examination of an excised lesion revealed a dense infiltrate of markedly atypical T‐lymphoid cells expressing the CD8+ phenotype located in the subcutaneous tissue with histiocyte‐phagocytizing apoptotic cells. The ‘bean‐bag’ histiocytic cells, the characteristic finding of SPTCL, are considered to be products of haemophagocytosis. In our case the ‘bean‐bag’ cells were produced by phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies, as confirmed by electron microscopy. It is suspected that ‘bean‐bag’ cells are related not to haemophagocytosis but to phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the CD8+ T‐cell type of SPTCL.
Anetoderma associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Romaní J , Pérez F , Llobet M , Planagumá M , Pujol RM 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe association of primary anetoderma (PA) with antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs; with or without criteria of primary antiphospholipid syndrome) has been observed repeatedly and a possible pathogenic significance of this asssociation has been hypothesized. We report the case of a 21‐year‐old‐woman who developed anetodermic lesions on her upper trunk and arms. The presence of APAs was demonstrated, but no diagnostic criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus were present. A review of the literature disclosed 20 previously reported patients presenting this peculiar association. Thrombotic phenomena, represented by spontaneous abortions or venous thrombosis, are a frequent complication in this setting. Taking these observations into account a systematic search for APAs in patients with PA seems advisable.
Increased density of Demodex folliculorum and evidence of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in subjects with papulopustular rosacea
Authors: Georgala S , Katoulis AC , Kylafis GD , Koumantaki‐Mathioudaki E , Georgala C , Aroni K 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a common chronic dermatosis that evolves in stages. The mite Demodex folliculorum has been implicated in its obscure aetiopathogenesis.AimTo evaluate the importance of D. folliculorum in the aetiology and course of rosacea.MethodsWe studied 92 consecutive cases of papulopustular rosacea and 92 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Prevalence and density of D. folliculorum were estimated by microscopic examination of the expressed follicular content. Histological examination and immunohistochemical study of the inflammatory infiltrate were performed in 10 subjects (five with positive D. folliculorum finding and five with negative finding).Results D. folliculorum was detected in 83 (90.2%) of the 92 rosacea subjects but only 11 (11.9%) of the controls. The mean mite density was 2.03 mites/visual field in the rosacea group (range 0–5, SD = 1.2) and 0.16 mites/visual field (range 0–2, SD = 0.52) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) for both mite prevalence and density. Hair follicle infestation was associated with intense perifollicular infiltrate of predominantly (90–95%) CD4 helper/inducer T cells. We observed an increased number of macrophages and Langerhans cells only in those subjects with a positive D. folliculorum finding.ConclusionsAlthough Demodex mites do not seem to be the cause of rosacea, they may represent an important cofactor, especially in papulopustular rosacea. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, possibly triggered by antigens of follicular origin, probably related to D. folliculorum, may occur, stimulating progression of the affection to the papulopustular stage.
Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta during pregnancy
Authors: Brazzini B , Ghersetich I , Urso C , Cianferoni L , Lotti T 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) is a disorder of unknown aetiology that occurs at any age and can be localized on the skin and on the mucosas. We report the case of a 24‐year‐old woman who presented PLEVA at her 20th week of gestation. This is, to our knowledge, the second case of PLEVA during pregnancy reported in literature. We report this case for the importance of the diagnosis of PLEVA during pregnancy because of the possible involvement of the mucosal membranes, and in particular of the vagina or cervical os of the uterus, where it may cause premature labour and/or premature rapture of the membranes.
Serum iron, ferritin, folic acid, and vitamin B12 levels in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Piskin S , Sayan C , Durukan N , Senol M 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground The exact aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is still unknown, but different predisposing factors, including iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, have been proposed.Material and methods Serum iron, ferritin, folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were investigated in 35 patients with RAS and in 26 healthy controls.Results Vitamin B12 levels were found significantly lower in subjects with RAS than in controls. No significant differences were found in other parameters.Conclusion We concluded that vitamin B12 deficiency may be an aetiological factor in recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Gourgiotou K , Exadaktylou D , Aroni K , Rallis E , Nicolaidou E , Paraskevakou H , Katsambas AD 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare autoimmune bullous disorder that is often difficult to treat. Few cases have been reported and therapy consists mainly of combinations of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants and, recently, administration of intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIg). We describe a case of EBA in which our therapeutic choices were limited due to the patient’s poor general condition, including extensive infection of the lesions and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was treated with IVIg at a dose of 400 mg/kg per day for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. The treatment was well tolerated and the results were satisfactory. It seems that IVIg, due to its possible immunomodulatory mode of action, can be an efficacious therapeutic agent in this rare autoimmune disease.
Steroid dermatitis resembling rosacea: aetiopathogenesis and treatment
Authors: Ljubojeviæ S , Basta‐Juzbašiæ A , Lipozenèiæ J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground Corticosteroids were first introduced for topical use in dermatology in 1951. Since then uncontrolled use (abuse) has caused many different reactions, often with manifestations resembling those of rosacea.Objective The prolonged use of local corticosteroids (usually 2–6 months) may lead to a clinical picture of severe dermatitis with erythema, papules and pustules that are classified according their localization to three types. The treatment of choice is tetracycline in combination with local application of neutral ointments.Conclusions Trivial skin dermatoses, especially on the face, should not be treated with local corticosteroids.
A case of pemphigus vulgaris possibly triggered by quinolones
Authors: Anadolu RY , Birol A , Bostanci S , Boyvat A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disorder in which both genetic and environmental factors, mainly drugs, are thought to play a part in its aetiopathogenesis. Although some drugs that contain thiol groups, such as d‐penicillamine and captopril, and non‐thiol drugs, such as cephalosporin, have been reported to trigger or induce pemphigus, there are no previous reports regarding the influence of quinolones in triggering this disease. Here we present a case of pemphigus possibly triggered by quinolones.
Schnitzler's syndrome with monoclonal IgGκ gammopathy: good response to cyclosporin
Authors: Pascual‐López M , Hernández‐Núñez A , Sánchez‐Pérez J , Fernández‐Herrera J , García‐Díez A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSchnitzler's syndrome (SS) is a rare entity characterized by the association of chronic urticaria and monoclonal IgM gammopathy. Usually, intermittent fever, arthralgia and elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate also occur. We report a patient with the same symptoms, but with monoclonal IgG instead of IgM paraproteinaemia. Histological examination of the urticarial lesions showed signs of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. After 20 years of therapeutic failure, cyclosporin has achieved a total clearance of urticarial lesions in our patient. Two previous similar cases with clinical features of SS and monoclonal IgG immunoglobulin have been described. We suggest our case also represents a variant of SS with IgG gammopathy.
Watering can perineum – a forgotten complication of gonorrhoea
Authors: Pandhi D , Reddy Bsn 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn the modern era of broad spectrum antibiotics, urethral fistulae (watering can perineum) is one of the forgotten sequelae of chronic gonococcal infection. We report a 20‐year‐old unmarried male with gonococcal urethritis and two sinuses in the scrotum (watering can perineum). The micturating and retrograde urethro‐gram revealed mucosal irregularity and extravasation of contrast medium at the junction of bulbous and membranous urethra. Recent worldwide emergence of multidrug resistant strains of gonococci give rise to alarm. In the present scenario of HIV pandemic, ineffective treatment of patient or partner with gonorrhoea may result in development of these complications.
Parents of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Quality of Life and Experiences of Caring
Authors: Walden Sarah , Pistrang Nancy , Joyce Theresa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study examined a UK sample of parents caring for their adult offspring with intellectual disabilities, and the factors contributing to their quality of life and experiences of caregiving. Structured interviews were conducted with 62 parents of adults with intellectual disabilities. On several indices of quality of life, parents did not seem to be functioning as well as caregiving parents in the US, or as well as adults in the general US population.The offspring's level of challenging behaviour and physical dependency and the parent's satisfaction with informal support were associated with parental quality of life. The salience that parents placed on their post‐parental life style was also associated with quality of life, with ‘captive’ parents faring more poorly than ‘captivated’ parents.
More than one Wavelength: Identifying, Understanding and Resolving Conflicts of Interest between People with Intellectual Disabilities and their Family Carers
Authors: Williams V. , Robinson C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present paper describes conflicts of interest in families which include someone with intellectual disabilities. Data were taken from a study concerned with the 1995 Carers Act. The research examined the experiences and views of 51 families who had some kind of assessment by a social services department. Cases were analysed where it was found that carers, the people for whom they cared and the assessors did not agree about such conflicts. Assessors sometimes stereotyped families and spoke of conflicts of interest when the situation was more complex. In particular, the real conflict was often between the whole family and an inadequate service system that did not offer enough support or choices to the individual. Conflicts which had occurred were related to three major motives driving carers: (1) the need for a break from caring; (2) the need to speak for their disabled relative; and (3) their concern for standards of behaviour. The present authors report on how these situations were handled by assessors and conclude with some recommendations for good carer assessments which will help to resolve conflicts of interest. A greater degree of informed choice for individuals with intellectual disabilities will in itself resolve many potential conflicts of interest.
The fetal mandible measurement: an objective determination of fetal jaw size
Authors: Otto C. , Platt L. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe sonographic diagnosis of micrognathia has been limited by the lack of an objective measurement of the fetal mandible. A cross‐sectional study of 134 normal patients of known gestational age between 14 and 39 weeks' gestation was performed. Models to predict mandible length based on gestational age, biparietal diameter, head circumference or femur length were derived by least squares regression analysis. The 95% prediction limits were also derived. Utilization of these curves generated from a normal population should allow for a more sensitive and reproducible method to diagnose micrognathia in the fetus. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Normal fetal cardiac measurements derived by cross‐sectional echocardiography
Authors: Sharland G. K. , Allan L. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCardiac structures have been measured in normal fetuses by cross‐sectional echocardiography to establish a range of normal values. Gestational ages varied from 16 weeks to term. The cardiac structures measured were left and right ventricular width (n = 337), aortic root diameter (n = 296), pulmonary artery diameter (n = 312), mitral valve orifice (n = 159), and tricuspid valve orifice (n = 161). The lengths of the left and right ventricles were measured in 100 fetuses. Normal ranges were constructed using real‐time ultrasound images which can be readily used in routine practice. Measurement of cardiac structures is an aid to the study of cardiac abnormalities and the availability of normal ranges of measurements of fetal cardiac structures may help to confirm and define suspected cardiac malformation during routine screening. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ventricular ejection force in growth‐retarded fetuses
Authors: Rizzo G. , Capponi A. , Rinaldo D. , Arduini D. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether in growth‐retarded fetuses secondary to uteroplacental insufficiency the cardiac ventricles exert a force different from that of appropriately grown fetuses. Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed in 1.56 appropriately grown fetuses (gestational age 18–38 weeks) and in 72 growth‐retarded fetuses (gestational age 24–36 weeks) free from structural and chromosomal abnormalities and characterized by Doppler changes in the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery suggesting uteroplacental insufficiency as the most likely etiology of the growth defect. Right and left ventricular ejection force values were calculated from velocity waveforms recorded at the level of aortic and pulmonary valves, according to Newton's second law of motion. In appropriately grown fetuses, left and right ventricular ejection force values significantly increased with advancing gestation and the two ventricles exerted similar force. In growth‐retarded fetuses, the ventricular ejection force was significantly and symmetrically decreased in both ventricles. Among growth‐retarded fetuses, a poorer perinatal outcome was observed in those fetuses in which the ejection force of both ventricles was below the 5th centile of the normal limits for gestation. In 12 growth‐retarded fetuses followed longitudinally during the last week preceding intrauterine death or Cesarean section due to antepartum heart‐rate late decelerations, a significant decrease of ejection force was found in both ventricles. Finally, a significant relationship was found between the severity of acidosis and right and left ventricular ejection force values in 22 fetuses in which Doppler recordings were performed immediately before cordocentesis. In conclusion, in growth‐retarded fetuses the force exerted by the ventricles was symmetrically reduced and the degree of impairment seemed to be related to the severity of fetal compromise. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pubertal maturation of the internal genitalia: an ultrasound evaluation of 166 healthy girls
Authors: Holm K. , Mosfeldt Laursen E. , Brocks V. , Müller J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPelvic ultrasound is an important tool in the management of children with disturbances of pubertal development; interpretation requires an understanding of the normal relationship between maturation of internal genitalia and the appearance of secondary sex characteristics. We performed pelvic ultrasound examinations in 166 healthy females aged 6.4–25.4 years, and related uterine and ovarian volumes and size of follicles to age and pubertal stage. We demonstrated growth of the uterus and ovaries before the appearance of breast development and pubic hair growth. In prepubertal girls, uterine and ovarian growth was related to height (p = 0.008 and p = 0.010, respectively). From breast stages 1–5, median uterine and ovarian volumes increased from 1.6 ml to 43 ml, and from 1.2 ml to 7.3 ml, respectively (p < 0.0001). Uterine growth continued several years after menarche. Postmenarcheal uterine growth was related to the number of years after menarche (p < 0.001), but not to height, weight or age. Follicles were seen in 86% of prepubertal girls and in 99% of pubertal girls. Follicles up to 8 mm in diameter were observed in prepubertal girls. Maturation of the internal genitalia begins before the onset of clinical puberty, and extends well into the second decade. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic incidence of polycystic ovaries in a gynecological population
Authors: Botsis D. , Kassanos D. , Pyrgiotis E. , Zourlas P. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe prevalence of polycystic ovaries in a large population of 1078 women of reproductive age was determined by pelvic ultrasonography. The ovarian ultrasonic appearance of 183 (17%) women met the morphological criteria of polycystic ovaries. Of these women, 147 (80.3%) had irregular cycles (group A) and 36 (19.70%) had normal cycles (group B). The remaining women constituted the control group. Ovarian volume was calculated in all women in whom at least one ovary was visualized. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured in 124 women from group A, 25 from group B and 50 controls. Mean ovarian volume was statistically higher in both group A (13.4 ml) and group B (11.8 ml) than in the control group (6.2 ml). Mean LH/FSH ratio and mean testosterone values were statistically higher in group A only (2.1 and 1.1 ng/ml, respectively) compared with the mean values in the control group (0.7 and 0.7 ng/ml, respectively). Obesity and hirsutism were more common in group A than in group B and the controls.Screening the ovaries in women of reproductive age and subsequent assessment of morphology in polycystic ovaries can aid in the diagnosis of this condition in patients who may have a varied clinical presentation. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology