bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of microbiota in radiation-induced small-bowel damage
Authors: Chen Yi-Fan , Li Sung-Chou , Huang Eng-Yen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage is a common acute radiation syndrome. Previous studies have highlighted that Galectin-1 and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with flaking of small intestinal villi and intestinal radioresistance. Therefore, our goal is to study whether gut bacteria regulated by galectin-1 or IL-6 can mitigate radiation-induced small intestine damage. In this study, differences between galectin-1, sgp130-regulated and wild-type (WT) mice were analyzed by microbiome array. The effects of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and the proportion of bacterial distribution at the phylum level were observed after 18 Gy whole abdomen radiation. Fecal microbiota transplantation was used to implant radioresistant gut flora into WT mice, and the number of viable small intestinal crypt foci was observed by immunohistochemistry. Fecal transplantation from galectin-1 knockout and sgp130 transgenic mice, with higher radiation resistance, into WT mice significantly increased the number of surviving small intestinal crypts. This radiation resistance, generated through gene regulation, was not affected by the F/B ratio. We initially found that the small intestinal villi of WT mice receiving radioresistant mouse fecal bacteria demonstrated better repair outcomes after radiation exposure. These results indicate the need for a focus on the identification and application of superior radioresistant bacterial strains. In our laboratory, we will further investigate specific radioresistant bacterial strains to alleviate acute side effects of radiation therapy to improve the patients’ immune ability and postoperative quality of life.
Real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy with SyncTraX for primary liver tumors requiring isocenter shift
Authors: Uchinami Yusuke , Miyamoto Naoki , Abo Daisuke , Morita Ryo , Ogawa Koji , Kakisaka Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Ryusuke , Miyazaki Tomohiko , Taguchi Hiroshi , Katoh Norio , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The SyncTraX series enables real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy through the real-time recognition of a fiducial marker using fluoroscopic images. In this system, the isocenter should be located within approximately 5–7.5 cm from the marker, depending on the version, owing to the limited field of view. If the marker is placed away from the tumor, the isocenter should be shifted toward the marker. This study aimed to investigate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) outcomes of primary liver tumors treated with SyncTraX in cases where the isocenter was shifted marginally or outside the planning target volume (PTV). Twelve patients with 13 liver tumors were included in the analysis. Their isocenter was shifted toward the marker and was placed marginally or outside the PTV. The prescribed doses were generally 40 Gy in four fractions or 48 Gy in eight fractions. The overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. All patients completed the scheduled SBRT. The median distance between the fiducial marker and PTV centroid was 56.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 52.7–66.7) mm. By shifting the isocenter toward the marker, the median distance between the marker and isocenter decreased to 34.0 (IQR: 33.4–39.7) mm. With a median follow-up period of 25.3 (range: 6.9–70.0) months, the 2-year OS and LC rates were 100.0% (95% confidence interval: 100–100). An isocenter shift makes SBRT with SyncTraX feasible in cases where the fiducial marker is distant from the tumor.
Non-agency interventions for causal mediation in the presence of intermediate confounding
Authors: Díaz Iván 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent approaches to causal inference have focused on causal effects defined as contrasts between the distribution of counterfactual outcomes under hypothetical interventions on the nodes of a graphical model. In this article, we develop theory for causal effects defined with respect to a different type of intervention, one which alters the information propagated through the edges of the graph. These information transfer interventions may be more useful than node interventions in settings in which causes are non-manipulable, for example when considering race or genetics as a causes. Furthermore, information transfer interventions allow us to define path-specific decompositions which are identified in the presence of treatment-induced mediator-outcome confounding, a practical problem whose general solution remains elusive. We prove that the proposed effects provide valid statistical tests of mechanisms, unlike popular methods based on randomised interventions on the mediator. We propose efficient non-parametric estimators for a covariance version of the proposed effects, using data-adaptive regression coupled with semi-parametric efficiency theory to address model misspecification bias while retaining n-consistency and asymptotic normality. We illustrate the use of our methods in two examples using publicly available data.
Module 2: Covid-19 and the Cognitive Behavioral Model
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this module, the therapist educates clients about the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) model of anxiety and depression after COVID-19. The therapist discusses the physical and medical symptoms of COVID-19 and associated thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that contribute to difficulties in everyday functioning and limit engagement in and adherence to medical interventions. The first session of this module focuses on providing psychoeducation and an introduction to the CBT model. In the second session, the CBT model is reviewed and self-monitoring is introduced for home practice. The chapter also covers the impact of environmental and systemic stressors that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Module 4: Behavioral Activation
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how behavioral activation can address depressive symptoms and isolation following the struggles of adjusting to changes in function from COVID-19. It explains how clients can re-engage with pleasurable activities that they abandoned due to COVID-19. Humans have distinct brain structures responsible for processing rewarding sensations. Thus, meaningful activities provide a sense of achievement that can improve the client's outlook and engagement in life despite the limitations imposed by COVID-19. This module requires two or three sessions, with self-report symptom questionnaires to track symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therapists should remember that some clients may have trouble engaging in some activities due to limited resources and COVID-19-related sequelae.
Module 7: Reframing Unhelpful Thoughts
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how clients can learn how to observe and reframe unhelpful thoughts so that they can respond more efficiently. Unhelpful thoughts primarily refer to thoughts, interpretations, and beliefs that may be accurate to varying degrees but that perpetuate negative emotions and avoidance behaviors, holding clients back from full recovery. Clients’ emotional distress can include the presence of “thinking traps” or uncertainty about their COVID-19 symptoms, functioning, and prognosis. Three sessions should be spent working on unhelpful thoughts, which also includes the self-report symptom questionnaires to track symptoms of depression and anxiety. Verbalizing may help clients to practice helpful self-talk and deal with unhelpful thoughts in the long term.
Current and future advances in practice: tendinopathies of the shoulder
Authors: Littlewood Chris , Moffatt Maria , Maher Natasha , Irving Greg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tendinopathies of the shoulder are a burdensome problem. Current treatments include exercise, physical therapies, corticosteroid injections and surgery. However, the clinical outcomes from randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions are largely unremarkable. Given the apparent lack of progress in improving clinical outcomes for patients, it is appropriate to consider other avenues. Research has identified a link between lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors, including smoking, overweight and physical inactivity, and the onset and persistence of tendinopathies of the shoulder. Further research is required to understand whether addressing these factors results in better clinical outcomes for patients. Teachable moments and shared decision-making are concepts that could enable clinicians to integrate the assessment and management of these lifestyle factors. Given that these lifestyle factors also increase the risk of developing other common morbidities, including cardiovascular disease, an evolution of routine clinical care in this way could represent an important step forwards.
Social Capital and Cultural Producers’ Copyright Ownership of Their Creations: Evidence from the Television Industry 1956–1996
Authors: Marantz Erez Aharon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper explores how social capital and property regulations shape cultural producers’ ability to own copyrights for the products they create. Because individual producers lack the resources required to develop and distribute their creations, they partner with large firms who demand the copyrights for products they invest in. I argue two types of social capital—status and partner substitutability—enable producers to own their creations by increasing their bargaining power over the firms they partner with. Moreover, I propose that different types of property regulations condition whether status or partner substitutability have a stronger role in producers’ ownership outcomes. Analyzing all shows made for American television from 1956 to 1996, I show that increases in showrunners’ status and number of broadcasters they collaborated with increased the probability they owned shows they produced. However, the effects of these social capitals were contingent on the property regulations showrunners operated under. These findings advance our understanding of the allocation of copyrights, the power dynamics between creators and firms, and the effects of social capital in cultural industries.
They didn’t have to pay me because I signed the contract. But is that right? I found out that these people were streaming my work, and they never had to ask me…They stole that from me. They just took it! (Dave Chappelle, The Unforgiven, 2021).
Anthropometric measurements and body composition of preterm infants born ≤34 weeks at 12–13 months corrected age as compared to term infants
Authors: Kutar Apoorva , Venkat Ramanan Padmasani , Elizabeth Kandathil Eapen , Hemamalini A J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Growth in the first year of life depends primarily on nutrition. Currently, the infant feeding practices of term babies are being extrapolated for preterms. While extrapolating, it is not clear if corrected age (CA) or chronological age should be used. In preterm infants, born ≤34 week gestation age, this difference may be more than 6 weeks. We studied the growth parameters and body composition of preterm infants born ≤34 week gestation age as compared to that of term infants at 12–13 months CA.

Methods
The growth of 99 term infants and 170 preterm infants born ≤34 weeks was evaluated at 12–13 months CA. The anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI) and skin fold thickness (SFT) at four sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) were compared in the two groups. The sum of the SFT was taken as a marker of fat mass.

Result
At 12–13 months CA, preterm infants had significantly less weight, length and BMI as compared to term babies. The weight and BMI for age Z-scores, weight for length Z-scores and fat mass were also significantly less in preterm babies.

Conclusion
The anthropometry measures in preterms (&lt;34 weeks) at 12–13 months CA were significantly lower than that of term infants. In our study population, preterms did not catch up in growth in the first year even when the CA is used for comparison. The causes could be multifactorial and need to be studied further.
Border Control: Manipulation of the Host–Pathogen Interface by Perihaustorial Oomycete Effectors
Authors: King Freddie J. , Yuen Enoch Lok Him , Bozkurt Tolga O. 
Published: November 2023

Filamentous plant pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, cause some of the most devastating plant diseases. These organisms serve as ideal models for understanding the intricate molecular interplay between plants and the invading pathogens. Filamentous pathogens secrete effector proteins via haustoria, specialized structures for infection and nutrient uptake, to suppress the plant immune response and to reprogram plant metabolism. Recent advances in cell biology have provided crucial insights into the biogenesis of the extrahaustorial membrane and the redirection of host endomembrane trafficking toward this interface. Functional studies have shown that an increasing number of oomycete effectors accumulate at the perihaustorial interface to subvert plant focal immune responses, with a particular convergence on targets involved in host endomembrane trafficking. In this review, we summarize the diverse mechanisms of perihaustorial effectors from oomycetes and pinpoint pressing questions regarding their role in manipulating host defense and metabolism at the haustorial interface. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Genome Sequence Resource of Streptomyces scabiei LBUM848, a Model Strain Causing Common Scab of Potato
Authors: Biessy Adrien , St-Onge Renée , Cadieux Mélanie , Ciotola Marie , Filion Martin 
Published: November 2023

Potato common scab is a deleterious bacterial disease caused by multiple Streptomyces species. In this paper, we report the high-quality genome sequence of the scab-causing strain Streptomyces scabiei LBUM848, which was isolated from a scab-infected potato tuber harvested in Bloomfield (New Brunswick, Canada). LBUM848 has been used as a model strain for more than a decade in our laboratory to study the interaction between plant-beneficial phenazine-producing Pseudomonas spp. and scab-causing Streptomyces spp. The analysis of LBUM848’s genome revealed that this strain harbors an extensive repertoire of virulence determinants, including various phytotoxins and secreted proteins. By comparing the genome of LBUM848 with the genomes of other sequenced S. scabiei strains, we found that LBUM848 is closely related to several scab-causing strains isolated from Prince Edward Island, Canada. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Comparative dose-response study on the infusion of norepinephrine combined with intravenous ondansetron versus placebo for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sheng Zhi-min , Sun Heng-qiu , Mao Jun-qin , Liu Jie , Liang Gang , Mei Zhong 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Ondansetron has been reported to attenuate the incidence of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension (SAIH) and norepinephrine requirement during caesarean section. However, no quantitative study has evaluated the extent of this effect. This study aimed to determine the dose-response of prophylactic infusion of norepinephrine to prevent SAIH in parturients who received intravenous ondansetron or placebo before spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. The median effective dose (ED50) and 90% effective dose (ED90) were compared to evaluate the effect of ondansetron versus placebo on the norepinephrine requirement.

Materials and methods:
One hundred fifty parturients undergoing caesarean section were randomized to receive either 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron (group O) or saline control (group C) 10 min before spinal anaesthesia. The parturients were randomly assigned to one of five different norepinephrine infusion groups: 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 or 0.10 µg/kg/min. An effective infusion dose of norepinephrine was defined as non-occurrence of hypotension during the study period. The values for ED50 and ED90 of norepinephrine infusion were determined using probit regression. Differences between the two groups were evaluated by comparing the relative median potency with 95% CIs.

Results:
The ED50 values were 0.033 (95% CIs, 0.024–0.043) µg/kg/min in group C and 0.021 (95% CIs, 0.013–0.029) µg/kg/min in group O. The ED90 values were 0.091 (95% CIs 0.068–0.147) µg/kg/min in group C and 0.059 (95% CIs 0.044–0.089) µg/kg/min in group O, respectively. The estimate of the relative median potency for norepinephrine in group C versus group O was 0.643 (95% CIs, 0.363–0.956). The incidence of side effects was comparable between groups. No significant difference in neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion:
Intravenous ondansetron 0.1 mg/kg before spinal anaesthesia significantly reduced the dose requirement of prophylactic norepinephrine infusion in parturients undergoing elective caesarean section. This finding is potentially useful for clinical practice and further research.
The 10 essential questions regarding lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Kostner Karam M. , Kostner Gerhard M. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Lp(a) is one of the most atherogenic lipoproteins, and significant progress has been made to understand its pathophysiology over the last 20 years. There are now selective therapies in late-stage clinical trials to lower Lp(a). Yet there are many outstanding questions about Lp(a). This review outlines 10 of the most burning questions and tries to answer some of them.

Recent findings
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) treatment is currently the most advanced therapy to lower plasma Lp(a) by 60–80%. There are, however, also two small molecule medications in early stage of development with similar efficacy.

Summary
This review aims to answer important preclinical and clinical questions about the metabolism and physiological role of Lp(a) and also outlines possible therapeutic approaches with nutraceuticals, currently available lipid-lowering therapies and new medications. In addition, ways are illustrated to use Lp(a) as a marker to better predict cardiovascular risk.
A Randomized Controlled Double-Blinded Split-Face Prospective Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a Novel 3-Step Routine Compared to Benzyl Peroxide for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Gern Alison , Walter Jessica , Xu Shuai , Vakharia Paras P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdult acne vulgaris affects up to 43-51% of individuals. While there are numerous treatment options for acne including topical, oral, and energy-based approaches, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a popular over the counter (OTC) treatment. Although BPO monotherapy has a long history of efficacy and safety, it suffers from several disadvantages, most notably, skin irritation, particularly for treatment naïve patients. In this prospective, randomized, controlled, split-face study, we evaluated the comparative efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel 3-step azelaic acid, salicylic acid and graduated retinol regimen (Geologie Clear System) versus a common OTC BPO-based regimen (Proactiv Solution) over 12 weeks. A total of 37 adult subjects with self-reported mild to moderate acne vulgaris were recruited. A total of 21 subjects underwent a 2-week washout period and completed the full study with 3 dropping out due to product irritation from the BPO routine, and 13 being lost to follow-up. Detailed tolerability surveys were conducted at Week 4. Additional surveys on tolerability and product preferences were collected monthly, at Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12. A blinded board-certified dermatologist objectively scored the presence and type of acne lesions (open or closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts) at baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12. Patients photographed themselves and uploaded the images using personal mobile phones. Detailed Week 4 survey results showed across 25 domains of user-assessed product performance, Geologie outperformed the BPO routine in 19 (76%) which included domains in preference (e.g. “I would use this in the future), performance (“my skin improved” and “helped my acne clear up faster”). Geologie users reported less facial redness, itching, and burning, though differences did not reach statistical significance. In terms of efficacy, both products performed similarly, reducing total acne lesions by 36% (Geologie) and 40% (BPO routine) by Week 12. Overall, accounting for user preferences and tolerability Geologie was more preferred than the BPO routine in 79% of domains (22/28). Differences in objective acne lesion reduction were not statistically significant (p=0.97). In a randomized split-face study, a 3-step azelaic acid, salicylic acid, and graduated retinol regimen delivered similar acne lesion reduction, fewer user dropouts, greater user tolerability, and higher use preference compared to a 3-step BPO routine based in a cohort of participants with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
Analytical treatment interruption: detection of an increase in the latent, inducible HIV-1 reservoir more than a decade after viral resuppression
Authors: Lungu Cynthia , Hossain Tanvir , Prins Henrieke A.B. , Hensley Kathryn S. , Crespo Raquel , Rokx Casper , Rao Shringar , van Kampen Jeroen J. A. , van de Vijver David A.M.C. , Mesplède Thibault , Katsikis Peter D. , Mueller Yvonne M. , Gruters Rob A. , Mahmoudi Tokameh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnalytical treatment interruption (ATI) studies are increasingly being performed to evaluate the efficacy of putative strategies towards HIV-1 reservoir elimination or antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free viral control. A limited number of studies have evaluated the impact of ATI on the HIV-1 reservoir in individuals on suppressive ART. Available data suggests that ATIs have transient impact on the HIV-1 reservoir, mostly measured by levels of total or integrated HIV-1 DNA, in peripheral blood cells prior to ATI and shortly after ART-mediated viral re-suppression. The long-term impact of intervention ATI studies on the latent, inducible HIV-1 reservoir remains uncertain. We report the first clinical study demonstrating an increase in the latent, inducible HIV-1 reservoir, measured by expression of tat/rev multiply spliced RNA, in nine individuals, despite more than a decade of re-suppressive ART, after undergoing an immune intervention ATI conducted in 2006-2009. Our findings challenge the status quo on ATI risk of viral reservoir reseeding and the long-term outcomes thereof.