bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Portuguese state of the art on osteoporosis and fracture risk: an
update on the treatment options
Authors: Ramalho Diogo , Rocha Gustavo Melo , Oliveira Maria João 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis and fragility fractures are serious public health problems, which
greatly impact individual health and the economy of other health services.
Pharmacological treatment is still one of the main elements of clinical
intervention, combined with non-pharmacological measures, in preventing the
occurrence of fragility fractures. The emergence of promising new
pharmacological options in the treatment of osteoporosis seems to renew
expectations in the prevention of complications and a subsequent reduction in
morbidity and mortality, including symptomatic treatment, improved physical
function and a better quality of life. This review aims to provide updated
information on the pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis in the adult
population. A comprehensive PubMed search was performed to review the current
evidence on osteoporosis treatment. Of the 378 articles identified from the
initial queries, the final review included 80 articles. Currently, the following
pharmacological options are available: antiresorptive (bisphosphonates,
denosumab, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and selective oestrogen
receptor modulators), bone-forming agents (essentially, teriparatide and
abaloparatide) and the new dual-action therapy (romosozumab), recently approved
by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, but
which is not yet an option in Portugal. Therapeutic selection is essentially
based on assessment of cost-effectiveness, since current evidence does not
suggest any differences between the distinctive classes in reducing the risk of
fractures, but this analysis is limited by the scarcity of comparative
intraclass studies. Notwithstanding, romosozumab, as a dual effect therapy, is
promising in resolving the physiological limitations resulting from the merely
unilateral action of antiresorptive agents and bone-forming agents in the
inseparable relationship between bone formation and resorption. However, its
cardiovascular safety raises some concerns, and this topic is still being
debated. The underdiagnosis and the undertreatment of osteoporosis remain one of
the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Over the years, new drugs have
appeared that have tried to address these problems with a direct impact on the
health of populations, but a long way remains to be come in optimising their
effectiveness, safety and tolerability.
A new portable field rotational viscometer for high-temperature melts
Authors: Chevrel M. O. , Latchimy T. , Batier L. , Delpoux R. , Harris M. , Kolzenburg S. 
Published: October 2023

Mounted on top of furnaces, laboratory viscometers can be used for the rheological characterization of high temperature melts, such as molten rocks (lava). However, there are no instruments capable of measuring the viscosity of large volumes of high temperature melts outside the laboratory at, for example, active lava flows on volcanoes or at industrial sites. In this article, we describe a new instrument designed to be easy to operate, highly mobile, and capable of measuring the viscosity of high temperature liquids and suspensions (&lt;1350 °C). The device consists of a torque sensor mounted in line with a stainless-steel shear vane that is immersed in the melt and driven by a motor that rotates the shear vane. In addition, a thermocouple placed between the blades of the shear vane measures the temperature of the melt at the measurement location. An onboard microcomputer records torque, rotation rate, and temperature simultaneously and in real time, thus enabling the characterization of the rheological flow curve of the material as a function of temperature and strain rate. The instrument is calibrated using viscosity standards at low temperatures (20–60 °C) and over a wide range of stress (30–3870 Pa), strain rate (0.1–27.9 s−1), and viscosity (10–650 Pa s). High temperature tests were performed in large scale experiments within ∼25 l of lava at temperatures between 1000 and 1350 °C to validate the system’s performance for future use in natural lava flows. This portable field viscometer was primarily designed to measure the viscosity of geological melts at their relevant temperatures and in their natural state on the flanks of volcanoes, but it could also be used for industrial purposes and beyond.
Significant non-adiabatic effects of the K(4s2S) + H2 reaction
Authors: Li Wentao , Wen Li , Niu Xianghong , Xing Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The non-adiabatic dynamical calculations of the K(4s2S) + H2(v
0 = 1, 2, j
0 = 0) reaction are carried out using the time-dependent wave packet method. The non-adiabatic dynamics results, such as reaction probabilities and integral cross sections, are calculated and compared with previous adiabatic values. The adiabatic values are several tens of times larger than those of the non-adiabatic results. The non-adiabatic effect becomes stronger with the increase in the number of excited vibrational states. In addition, the excitation of the vibrational states of H2 can increase the reaction probability of the reaction channel. However, the KH product is still barely formed through the K(4s2S) + H2 reaction, even if the H2 molecule is excited to a high vibrational excited state, which also leads to the opposite conclusion from the adiabatic results. The forward-biased differential cross sections indicate that a direct stripping mechanism plays a dominant role in the reaction.
Transfer learning-based multiple digital twin-assisted intelligent mechanical fault diagnosis
Authors: Liu Sizhe , Qi Yongsheng , Gao Xuejin , Liu Liqiang , Ma Ran 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the advancement of complex system diagnosis, prediction, and health management technologies, digital twin technology has become a prominent research area in the fields of intelligent manufacturing and system operation and maintenance. However, due to the high complexity of practical systems, the difficulty of data acquisition, and the low accuracy of modeling techniques, current digital twin modeling suffers from low accuracy, and the generalization ability of models is poor when applied in model transfer. To address this issue, a novel fault diagnosis method is proposed, which integrates a digital twin model based on transfer learning. The framework introduces an innovative approach to construct multiple digital twin models using both mechanistic and data-driven models. The mechanism twin constructs a universal simulation model based on physical equipment and updates it with system response measurement data. The data twin consists of a high-dimensional fully connected-generative adversarial network twin for extracting deep features from data and an long- and short-term memory twin for extracting time series features. Subsequently, transfer learning is introduced to achieve deep fusion in the multiple digital twins system. The mechanism twin is used to obtain source domain samples to construct a diagnostic network, and the data twin is used to extract target domain features to correct the diagnostic network, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of fault diagnosis. Finally, the proposed framework is applied to the fault diagnosis of triplex pump equipment. The accuracy of diagnosis continuously improves as the system is updated and ultimately reaches 89.28%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm and providing a novel solution for the generalization limitations of current digital twin models.
Acceleration of the frequency-shift demodulation in phase-sensitive OTDR
Authors: Pu Zhengyu , He Haijun , Zhou Yin , Jiang Lin , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The frequency-shift demodulation is a primary demodulation method in phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) with intrinsic resistance to interference fading. So far, the least mean squares (LMS) estimation method has the optimal demodulation accuracy and robustness. However, it takes much processing time due to the step-by-step sliding operation. In this work, we propose a fast LMS estimation method based on cross-correlation calculation to accelerate the demodulation while maintaining accuracy. Experiments are performed along a 9 km sensing fiber with a 4 m spatial resolution. The performance of the fast LMS, LMS, and cross-correlation methods are compared by using the same parameters. Compared with the LMS method, the fast LMS achieves a 12-time improvement in processing speed while remaining the same demodulation accuracy. Although the proposed fast LMS method takes slightly more time than the cross-correlation method (1.6 times), it improves the demodulation accuracy ∼6 dB for the vibration signal and ∼2.1 dB for the overall demodulation accuracy.
An improved fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on wavelet packet decomposition and network parameter optimization
Authors: Zhao Fangyuan , Jiang Yulian , Cheng Chao , Wang Shenquan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The diagnosis of faults in rolling bearings plays a critical role in monitoring the condition and maintaining the performance of rotating machinery, while also preventing major accidents. In this article, a new approach to diagnosing faults in rolling bearings is proposed, using wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) for features extraction and the chaotic sparrow search optimization algorithms (CSSOAs) to optimize the parameters of a deep belief network (DBN). Firstly, the WPD method is used for the decomposition of vibration signals in rolling bearings, which are decomposed into three layers, and reconstruction is performed on the nodes of the last layer based on the decomposition. Furthermore, the energy characteristics of the reconstructed nodes are then utilized as inputs to DBN, and the CSSOA is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of DBN. Ultimately, a fault diagnosis model combining WPD with optimizing parameters is presented. This model is validated on bearing datasets from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and Jiangnan University (JNU). Experimental results indicate that the average accuracy achieved when modeling with WPD-CSSOA-DBN on the CWRU dataset is

98.24
%

, with a root mean square error of 0.0713. On the JNU bearing dataset, the modeling achieves an average accuracy of

95.15
%

with a root mean square error of 0.1018. Compared to other methods, this approach demonstrates stronger feature extraction capabilities and outstanding rolling bearing fault diagnosis abilities.
A Rendezvous Mission to the Second Earth Trojan Asteroid 2020 XL5 with Low-Thrust Multi-Gravity Assist Techniques
Authors: Yang Shi-Hai , Xu Bo , Li Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the second of Earth’s Trojan asteroids, 2020 XL5 is worthy of rendezvous and even sample return missions in many aspects. In this paper, a rendezvous mission to Earth’s second Trojan asteroid 2020 XL5 is proposed. However, due to its high inclination and large eccentricity, direct impulsive transfer requires large amounts of fuel consumption. To address this challenge, we explore the benefits of electric propulsion and multi-gravity assist techniques for interplanetary missions. These two techniques are integrated in this mission design. The design of a low-thrust gravity-assist (LTGA) trajectory in multi-body dynamics is thoroughly investigated, which is a complex process. A comprehensive framework including three steps is presented here for optimization of LTGA trajectories in multi-body dynamics. The rendezvous mission to 2020 XL5 is designed with this three-step approach. The most effective transfer sequence among the outcomes involves Earth–Venus–Earth–Venus-2020 XL5. Numerical results indicate that the combination of electric propulsion and multi-gravity assists can greatly reduce the fuel consumption, with fuel consumption of 9.03%, making it a highly favorable choice for this rendezvous mission.
Low temperature synthesis of BiNi0.6Mn0.4O3 nanostructures via citric acid and ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal process for energy storage applications
Authors: Nagpal Deeksha , Singh Anup , Vasishth Ajay , Devi Manju , Nayyar Ved Prakash , Maurya Bhagwat Prasad , Kumar Ashok 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Present study reports the electrochemical behavior of BiNi0.6Mn0.4O3 nanostructures synthesized via citric acid and ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal process at low temperature calcination of 400oC. Raman spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement have confirmed BiNi0.6Mn0.4O3 to crystallize in tetragonal phase with

P

4

̅

21c space group symmetry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis showed the presence of ‘B’ cations, Ni and Mn in (+2) and (+4) oxidation states, respectively, which mainly contributed to faradaic reactions as observed in CV curves. The specific capacitance of BiNi0.6Mn0.4O3 electrodes has been found to be ∼243 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 in a 6 M KOH aqueous solution. The nanostructured electrodes showed a cyclic stability of ∼70% after 4000 charge–discharge cycles at the current density of 6 A g−1 .
Refined Selmer equations for the thrice-punctured line in depth two
Authors: Best Alex , Betts L. , Kumpitsch Theresa , Lüdtke Martin , McAndrew Angus , Qian Lie , Studnia Elie , Xu Yujie 
Published: October 2023

Kim gave a new proof of Siegel’s Theorem that there are only finitely many

S
S

-integral points on

P

Z

1

∖
{
0
,
1
,
∞
}

\mathbb {P}^1_\mathbb {Z}\setminus \{0,1,\infty \}

. One advantage of Kim’s method is that it in principle allows one to actually find these points, but the calculations grow vastly more complicated as the size of

S
S

increases. In this paper, we implement a refinement of Kim’s method to explicitly compute various examples where

S
S

has size

2
2

which has been introduced by Betts and Dogra. In so doing, we exhibit new examples of a natural generalization of a conjecture of Kim.
Depression in Uveal Melanoma Survivorship: Examining Psychological Predictors of Adjustment in the First Year Following Diagnosis
Authors: Hoch Megan M , MacDonald James J , Jorge-Miller Alexandra , McCannel Tara A , Beran Tammy M , Stanton Annette L 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundA rare cancer, uveal melanoma (UM) affects 5 in 1 million adults annually. Research on predictors of mental health in UM survivors is scarce.PurposeIn this prospective study, we tested models that postulate interactions between illness perceptions and coping processes in predicting depressive symptoms 1 year following UM diagnosis.MethodsParticipants’ approach- and avoidance-oriented coping processes and illness perceptions specific to control and chronicity were assessed. Participants (N = 107) completed assessments prior to diagnosis (T0), and 1 week (T1), 3 months (T2), and 12 months after UM diagnosis (T3).ResultsAt T1, a significant avoidance coping × chronicity perception interaction (b = 1.84, p = .03) indicated that the link between higher avoidance coping and greater T3 depressive symptoms was stronger for participants with prolonged chronicity perceptions (b = 17.13, p &lt; .001). Chronicity perceptions at T2 interacted significantly with approach-oriented coping at all time points; the link between higher approach coping and lower T3 depressive symptoms was stronger for participants with prolonged chronicity perceptions at T2. Interactions between control perceptions and coping did not significantly predict T3 depressive symptoms.ConclusionsFindings lend partial support to predictive models that consider the combined, interacting influence of chronicity perceptions and coping processes on depressive symptoms in survivors of eye cancer.
Does Intention Strength Moderate the Intention–Health Behavior Relationship for Covid-19 Protection Behaviors?
Authors: Conner Mark , Wilding Sarah , Norman Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Purpose
The present research tests whether intention strength moderates intention–health behavior relations and the extent to which this is accounted for by the moderating effects of intention stability, goal priority, and goal conflict.

Methods
In a prospective multi-behavior study, a representative sample of UK adults (N = 503) completed measures of past behavior, intention, intention strength, goal priority, and goal conflict in relation to eight Covid-19 protection behaviors at time 1. Intention and self-reported behavior were assessed at time 2 (2 months later). Intention stability was assessed over 2 months.

Results
Intention strength was a significant moderator of the intention–behavior relationship (controlling for past behavior). Controlling for the moderating effects of intention stability attenuated the moderating effect of intention strength, while also controlling for the moderating effects of goal priority and goal conflict reduced the moderating effects of intention strength to nonsignificance.

Conclusions
The present findings indicate that intention strength is a significant moderator of the intention–health behavior relationship. They also suggest that the moderating effect of intention strength is explained by effects on intention stability, goal priority, and goal conflict. Tests of interventions to manipulate intention strength as a means to strengthen intention stability and intention–behavior relations are warranted.
Accuracy of transdermal alcohol monitoring devices in a laboratory setting
Authors: Brobbin Eileen , Deluca Paolo , Coulton Simon , Drummond Colin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The development of transdermal alcohol sensors (TASs) presents a new method to monitor alcohol consumption with the ability to objectively measure data 24/7. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of two TASs (BACtrack Skyn and Smart Start BARE) in a laboratory setting. Thirty-two adults received a dose of ethanol 0.56 g/kg body weight as a 20% solution while wearing the two TASs and provided Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) measurements for 3.5 h postalcohol consumption. Pearson’s correlations and repeated measures analysis of variance tests were conducted on the peak, time-to-peak, and area under the curve data. Bland–Altman plots were derived. A time series analysis and cross-correlations were conducted to adjust for time lag. Both TASs were able to detect alcohol and increase within 20 min. BrAC peaked significantly quicker than Skyn and BARE. BrAC and Skyn peaks were negatively significantly correlated (r = −0.381, P = .035, n = 31), while Skyn and BARE peaks were positively significantly correlated (r = 0.380, P = .038, n = 30). Repeated measures analysis of variance found a significant difference between BrAC, Skyn, and BARE (F(1.946, 852.301) = 459.873, P &lt; .001)). A time series analysis found when BrAC-Skyn and BrAC-BARE were adjusted for the delay to peak, and there was still a significant difference. Failure rates: 1.7% (Skyn) and 4.8% (BARE). Some evidence was obtained for TAS validity as both consistently detected alcohol. Failure rates and time lag show improvements in older device generations. However, neither TAS presented strong equivalence to the breathalyser even when the lag time was adjusted. With further testing and technology advancements, TAS could be a potential alcohol monitoring tool. Two of the newest TAS devices were worn in laboratory conditions for one afternoon to compare their accuracy of alcohol monitoring to a breathalyser. Findings suggest that the two TASs (BACtrack Skyn and SmartStart BARE) recorded significantly similar data postalcohol consumption, but not with the breathalyser.
Urinary biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: candidates, opportunities and considerations
Authors: Rogers Mary-Louise , Schultz David W , Karnaros Vassilios , Shepheard Stephanie R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a relentless neurodegenerative disease that is mostly fatal within 3–5 years and is diagnosed on evidence of progressive upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. Around 15% of those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis also have frontotemporal degeneration, and gene mutations account for ∼10%. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a variable heterogeneous disease, and it is becoming increasingly clear that numerous different disease processes culminate in the final degeneration of motor neurons. There is a profound need to clearly articulate and measure pathological process that occurs. Such information is needed to tailor treatments to individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis according to an individual’s pathological fingerprint. For new candidate therapies, there is also a need for methods to select patients according to expected treatment outcomes and measure the success, or not, of treatments. Biomarkers are essential tools to fulfil these needs, and urine is a rich source for candidate biofluid biomarkers. This review will describe promising candidate urinary biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other possible urinary candidates in future areas of investigation as well as the limitations of urinary biomarkers.
The characteristics of audiovisual temporal integration in streaming-bouncing bistable motion perception: considering both implicit and explicit processing perspectives
Authors: Wang Luning , Lin Liyue , Ren Jie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study explored the behavioral and neural activity characteristics of audiovisual temporal integration in motion perception from both implicit and explicit perspectives. The streaming-bouncing bistable paradigm (SB task) was employed to investigate implicit temporal integration, while the corresponding simultaneity judgment task (SJ task) was used to examine explicit temporal integration. The behavioral results revealed a negative correlation between implicit and explicit temporal processing. In the ERP results of both tasks, three neural phases (PD100, ND180, and PD290) in the fronto-central region were identified as reflecting integration effects and the auditory-evoked multisensory N1 component may serve as a primary component responsible for cross-modal temporal processing. However, there were significant differences between the VA ERPs in the SB and SJ tasks and the influence of speed on implicit and explicit integration effects also varied. The aforementioned results, building upon the validation of previous temporal renormalization theory, suggest that implicit and explicit temporal integration operate under distinct processing modes within a shared neural network. This underscores the brain’s flexibility and adaptability in cross-modal temporal processing.