bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of simulation-based education in hospital emergency departments
Authors: Moslehi Shandiz , Masoumi Gholamreza , Barghi-Shirazi Fahimeh 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The emergency department is one of the most important parts of all hospitals. For this reason, many simulation programs are performed in this department to increase the knowledge, skills, and productivity of health-care workers. The purpose of this study was to identify the benefits of simulation in hospital emergency departments.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In the present systematic study, using “AND” and “OR” operators, we searched for the keywords “benefits,” “simulation,” and “hospital emergency department” in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar as well as Persian language databases such SID, Magiran, Irandoc, and Iran Medex. Then, a three-step screening process was used to select studies relevant to simulation and hospital emergency from 2005 to 2021 using the PRISMA checklist, and finally, the obtained data were analyzed.

RESULTS:
A total of three main groups, each with several subgroups, were extracted and identified as the benefits of using simulation in hospital emergency departments. They included improving the diagnosis of the disease (rapid prediction of the disease, rapid diagnosis, and patient triage), improving the treatment process (improvement of treatment results, anticipation of admission and discharge of patients, acceleration of interventions, and reduction of medical errors), and improving knowledge and skills (improvement of the speed of decision-making, staff's acquisition of knowledge and skills, simple, convenient, and low-cost training, improvement of staff's preparedness in crisis).

CONCLUSION:
Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested to develop some training programs in order to help staff upgrade their knowledge and performance as well as acquire practical skills and also to improve the diagnosis and treatment process in hospital emergency departments. Virtual methods are also proposed to be applied as potential and cost-effective platforms for learning, teaching, and evaluating the staff of hospital emergency departments.
Explaining the pattern of childbearing behaviors in couples
Authors: Safdari-Dehcheshmeh Faranak , Noroozi Mahnaz , Taleghani Fariba , Memar Soraya 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
One of the most basic life events is fertility or reproduction, which, although known as a social phenomenon, is a complex and multidimensional concept with economic, cultural, political, and religious significance. The present study aims to explain the pattern of childbearing behaviors in couples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study is a focused ethnographic qualitative research. Participants of this study will be 20–35 years old couples who, using purposeful sampling method, will be selected from comprehensive health centers, ultrasound centers, laboratories, premarital counseling centers, offices of obstetricians and midwives, universities, shopping centers, cinemas, parks, restaurants, and entertainment centers in Isfahan, Iran. Sampling will continue considering the strategy of maximum variation in terms of age, occupation, education, and economic status until data saturation is reached. Data will be collected through semi-structured and in-depth individual interviews, focus group discussions, observation, field notes, daily notes, and document analysis. Simultaneous with data collection, the data will be analyzed using the thematic analysis method based on Braun and Clarke's approach.

CONCLUSION:
This present study is expected to lead to a deep understanding and identification of the attitudes, beliefs, and values of couples with regard to childbearing. Moreover, by understanding the pattern of childbearing behaviors of couples, useful information will be provided to the policymakers and planners for effective planning in the field of healthy childbearing. The findings can also be used in reproductive health counseling for newly married couples and community-based interventions.
The COVID-19 pandemic impact on clinical load of plastic and reconstructive surgery in a tertiary care hospital of north India
Authors: Mir Mohd Altaf , Chattopadhyay Debarati , Manohar Nishank , Vathulya Madhubari , Mago Vishal , Kapoor Akshay , Rao Neeraj 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The objective of the study was to analyze and determine statistically significant impact of the COVID-19 on clinical load of plastic and reconstructive surgery practices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The retrospective analysis and comparison of the number of patients visiting to outpatient clinic, number of patients admitted, number of patients operated in the plastic and reconstructive surgery department during the COVID-19 pandemic months of January 2020–June 2020 with the same months of preceding non-COVID-19 year was done. The data obtained were tabulated in Microsoft Excel spread sheet and the statistical analysis done using MedCalc statistical software.

RESULTS:
The mean ± standard deviation of patients attended in outpatient department (OPD), admitted in inpatient department (IPD), emergency surgeries performed, and elective surgeries performed during -COVID-19 versus COVID-19 pandemic period is (651.167 ± 310.42 vs. 212.5 ± 307.591), (83.5 ± 16.263 vs. 34.333 ± 53.74), (5.167 ± 4.243 vs. 3.333 ± 4.95), and (74.333 ± 28.284 vs. 40.833 ± 60.811), respectively. The difference in means is highly significant statistically in the number of patients attended in OPD, admitted in IPD, and elective surgeries performed during pre-COVID versus COVID period; however, the difference in the means is not statistically significant in the number of emergency surgeries performed during pre-COVID versus COVID period.

CONCLUSION:
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the number of patients attended in OPD, admitted in IPD, and elective surgeries performed in the department of plastic surgery. However, there is a reduction in number of emergency surgeries but statistically insignificant. The strategy is to use telemedicine portal e-Sanjeevani services for OPD, encourage admission of patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction negative for COVID-19, and perform reconstructive and esthetic plastic surgery operative procedures using COVID-19 appropriate precautions.
The relationship between health-related quality of life of students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 in 2020
Authors: Heidari-Soureshjani Reza , Mohammadi Tayeb , Hashemi-Shahraki Ali , Estakhri Roya Khorrami , Rasti Arezoo 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Present study attempts to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relation with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) during this pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study which was conducted between 23 may to 21 June 2020, 470 students in different levels of TUMS were included to the study randomly. participants completed validate, designed online questionnaire which assessed KAP towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and HRQoL. All statistical tests were applied, including Chi-square and Fisher's exact test, Partial correlation, analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, multiple binary and multinomial logistic regression models (P < 0.05) and were performed in SPSS 16, R 4.0.2, and GraphPad Prism 6.0 softwares.

RESULTS:
A total of 470 students were included in the study. The overall correct answer rate of the COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire was 74.43% and total score of the HRQoL was 72.50 (14.85). 61.7% of the students were agreed that COVID-19 will finally be successfully controlled, 44.3% had confidence that Iran can win the battle against the COVID-19, and 92.6% agreed that Quarantine will reduce the prevalence of COVID-19. Most of them adhered to health protocols and about a relation between HRQoL and knowledge we have a weak positive and unsignificant correlation between them (r = 0.05, P = 0.27).

CONCLUSIONS:
TUMS students showed expected levels of knowledge, proper attitudes, and preemptive practices regarding COVID-19, whereas COVID-19 outbreak substantially affected the physical and mental health but, the students were in a way better physical health rather than mental. Therefore, motivational planning and other related intervention to improve mental health can be noticeable.
The effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior aimed at mothers on osteoporosis prevention behaviors in lower secondary school female students
Authors: Shahmohamadi Fatemeh , Hoseini Meimanat , Matbouei Mahsa , Nasiri Malihe 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Osteoporosis is mainly characterized by a low bone mineral density and a sharp architectural and biomechanical deterioration in bone tissue required to maintain bone homeostasis. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) can be considered as one of the leading theories when designing an evidence-based intervention. This study was carried out based on the TPB to determine the effect of an educational intervention aimed at mothers on the prevention of osteoporosis in female students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of seventy mothers of lower secondary school students in Tehran, Iran, participated in this experimental study which was conducted in 2019–2020. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups, namely experimental and control groups. Based on the TPB, a demographic and a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of five sections were used in order to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed before data collection. Four 45–60 min training programs were delivered to the subjects using the TPB. Data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month following the training program. Finally, IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
No significant difference was observed in terms of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and osteoporosis prevention-related behavior between the experimental and control groups before proceeding with the intervention (P > 0.05). However, the mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to those of the control group following the educational intervention (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
It can be concluded that such interventions based on the TPB can, in fact, produce a significant effect on osteoporosis prevention-related behaviors. Thus, it can serve as a useful model for planning educational interventions.
Awareness, practices, and myths related to coronavirus disease-19 among rural people in Kolar District, South India
Authors: Naresh Surahalli J , Reddy Mahendra M , Suryanarayana Ravishankar , Bhattacharyya Ananta , T Kamath Prasanna B 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Capturing the baseline information on awareness, practices, and prevailing myths related to the ongoing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in rural India will help in planning interventions to improve the health literacy on COVID-19. The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness, practices, and myths regarding COVID-19 among rural population of Kolar district in South India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A concurrent mixed-methods study with a quantitative community-based cross-sectional analytical design and a qualitative phenomenological design was conducted in five randomly selected villages during June 2020. A prevalidated and pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to one adult in the households selected using systematic random sampling to capture the sociodemographic details and their awareness, practices, and myths related to COVID-19. The supervisors additionally and concurrently used a nonparticipant observation technique to record the real-time behaviors and preventive practices adopted by the villagers. Quantitative analysis was done using STATA and included multivariable regression analysis, and the association was reported using prevalence rates along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Qualitative analysis was done manually as per discussion and concordance among supervisors and reported as categories along with supporting statements.

RESULTS:
Among the 298 respondents, “poor awareness” was seen in 128 (43.0%, 95% CI: 37.5%–48.6%). Among the responders, 89 (29.9%) believed in the myth that “Corona disease is due to God's wrath or curse.” The field observations were categorized under three categories – “avoidance of masks,” “nonexistent social distancing,” and “rampant spitting.”

CONCLUSION:
About two in five villagers were found to have “poor awareness” to COVID, and practices related to COVID were found to be largely unsatisfactory. Lower level of education and belonging to nuclear family were associated with “poor awareness.” Various myths were identified that has to be debunked on priority basis by the government, especially targeting the people having low level of education in rural India.
Vaccine hesitancy and coronavirus disease-19
Authors: Khan Zaid , Khursheed Syed Quibtiya , Dar Shabir Ahmad , Shah Naveed Nazir , Reagu Shuja , Alabdulla Majid , Haq Inaamul , Ud Din Azad Aaliya Mohi , Dar Khurshid Ahmad , Farooq Syed Suraiya , Wani Zaid Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Vaccine hesitancy is seen, globally, as a major factor that will determine future coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) spread and its effective management. This study aimed to identify COVID-19 vaccine perception, acceptance, confidence, hesitancy, and barriers among the general population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was an online survey which was developed and shared through social media platforms among the general population of Kashmir. The survey captured demographic data and used a validated hesitancy measurement tool. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression using Stata 15 (Stata Corp. 2017. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, TX, USA: Stata Corp LLC).

RESULTS:
A total of 835 responses were received. Most participants were males, with females compromising of 19.5% participants. 65.1% of participants were in the age group of 30–50, whereas 19.2% were below 30 years of age. 52.70% of respondents were willing to take the vaccine when available, while 32.5% of respondents were unsure about their decision of inoculation. The most cited reason for willingness to get vaccinated was an understanding of the disease and vaccination. 41.70% felt that the vaccines developed against COVID-19 have not been fully tested; therefore, concerns around the safety and its longer-term side effects were the reasons cited. Public health messaging should be tailored to address these concerns.

CONCLUSIONS:
Vaccine hesitancy is a global threat undermining the control of preventable infections. The government should take proactive steps to address the factors that may potentially impact the benefits expected from the introduction of a COVID-19 vaccine in the union territory.
Influence of knowledge on Brazilian student’s perception of life and clinical classes during COVID-19
Authors: e Silva Ramos Fernanda de Souza , Castro Oliveira Laryssa de , Mardegan Gonçalves Diego Felipe , Rocha Rafael Santos , Bresciani Eduardo , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The current pandemic associated with SARS-CoV-2 has negatively influenced several activities, including teaching in Operative Dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of knowledge in Operative Dentistry on undergraduate students’ perception related to personal life and return to clinical practices classes during pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present research was a cross-sectional, observational, and qualitative survey. The 16-item based questionnaire was sent to undergraduate students in 2020, which were divided into two groups, according to the Operative Dentistry knowledge: G1-not started clinical practice; G2-already started or completed clinical practice. Questions were focused on the impact of the pandemic in relation to their personal lives and return to clinical practice classes. Chi-square association test was performed using the SigmaPlot 12.0 software (P ≤ 0.05).

RESULTS:
The response rate was 55.5% for G1 and 44.4% for G2. Regarding the questions related to personal life, G1 demonstrated higher percentages of fear of contracting the virus during theoretical classes. Same observations were found when students answered about their fear of contracting coronavirus during the clinical practice classes. However, G2 presented the highest agreement responses for the preparedness feeling to return to theoretical classroom, clinical practice classes, and the possibility of applying online learning.

CONCLUSIONS:
In general, students’ knowledge had little influence on perception of personal life. However, students who have more knowledge in operative dentistry presented more security about returning to clinical classes.
The effect of online cognitive behavioral therapy on depressive symptoms in recovered patients with COVID-19
Authors: Araghi Navid Mirzakhani , Zarei Mehdi Alizadeh , Saei Shafagh , Yousefi Nodeh Hamid Reza , Mahmoudi Ebrahim 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
COVID-19 virus is on the rise globally, and people with the disease experience a variety of physical and mental problems. According to studies, depression can be a complication of the virus. So far, limited measures have been taken to prevent and treat emotional–psychological complications of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depressive symptoms in recovered patients with COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted in a quasi-experimental design. A sample of 150 recovered patients with COVID-19 who referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz city, were selected by random sampling method. The patients’ emotional–psychological status was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, and they entered the treatment process according to the inclusion criteria. As a therapeutic intervention, a scientific and valid approach called CBT was implemented, which two occupational therapists performed in eight treatment sessions in the context of a social communication application. Paired sample t-test was used to analyze the time sequence of quantitative data due to its normality.

RESULTS:
After the last session of the intervention, the effect of this therapeutic approach on reducing the depressive symptoms of patients was evaluated. According to the findings, the Beck score of the participants decreased significantly after the intervention (MD = −45/9, P < 0/001).

CONCLUSION:
Therefore, in order to promote the recovery of patients with COVID-19 and help health authorities to develop preventive measures and effective treatment of emotional–psychological problems caused by this virus, it is recommended to use the online CBT approach.
Assessment of patient’s knowledge, attitude, and beliefs about cancer
Authors: Vidhya K , Gupta Sweety , Lekshmi R , Bhardwaj Kritika , Kusum K , Kalyani Vasantha C , Gupta Amit 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Knowledge about cancer, treatment, and likely treatment outcomes is critically important for decision-making regarding adherence to the treatment. Hence, it seems imperative to find out the attitude and belief of cancer patients to determine the efficacy of cancer diagnostic and treatment available along with assessing the efficacy of prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, belief, and attitude of cancer patients who came to our facility.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, from July 2020 to December 2020. One hundred fifty-six newly diagnosed cancer patients were recruited. The participants were provided with a validated 44 key questionnaire divided into four different categories including the sociodemographic profile, knowledge, belief, and attitude subheading. Mean, frequency, percentage, and Chi-square test were calculated to do data analysis using SPSS version 23.0.

RESULTS:
Out of the total of 156 newly diagnosed cancer patients, only 130 patients provided responses so the overall response rate was 84.3%. Most of cancer patients had moderately adequate knowledge (79 [60.5%]), poor belief (111 [86%]), and neutral attitude (69 [54%]) regarding cancer. The Chi-square test revealed a link between educational level and cancer knowledge (P = 0.01). Males showed a more positive attitude than females, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cancer patients need to be made more aware of the red flag signs of cancer and improvise their attitude toward cancer. Cancer care programs should not only involve cancer patients but also involve their caregivers because the understanding of family members is of utmost importance to fight this disease.
The impact of sensitizing 1st year undergraduate medical students to research methodology
Authors: Singh Harinder Jot , Kaur Sharanjit , Bhatia Kuldeep Singh 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Research is a core essential component of evidence-based medicine. The current study was undertaken to sensitize the undergraduate medical students the concept of biomedical research to sharpen their clinical skills.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This educational interventional study was done with a systemic random sample of 120 medical students in a tertiary care hospital. A workshop on biomedical research was conducted by the institutional ethics and medical education committee members followed by group activity regarding how to write the protocol of a research study. The protocols were then assessed using prestructured checklist by facilitators and feedback from the students and facilitators were assessed using student t-score.

RESULTS:
The pretest (5.86 ± 1.75) scores and posttest scores (11.82 ± 2.47) of multiple choice questions and open-ended questions showed statistically significant difference. The feedback of students showed that 49.48% of students strongly agreed that contents discussed in the workshop were adequate, 61.85% agreed about better understanding of the topics of the workshop, 60.80% agreed that their queries and doubts are cleared, 53.6% agreed that the workshop motivates them to do research, and 44.3% agreed that they will attend the similar workshops in future. The protocols submitted by groups of students using the checklist showed 26%–80% scores.

CONCLUSION:
The student's knowledge on research methodology was significantly improved and teaching basic research methods to medical students at an early stage motivates the student to do research.