bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A view of developing patterns of investment in AMT through empirical taxonomies: new evidence
Authors: Sacristán Dı́az Macarena , Machuca José A.D , Álvarez‐Gil Marı́a José 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn line with the theoretical premises of the research, the aim of this paper is two‐fold: firstly, to determine whether there are different patterns of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) investment behavior in the Andalusian aeronautical industry that can be associated with different technology strategies, as in other sectors and geographical areas and, secondly, to identify possible similarities or differences from previous research, such as Boyer et al. [J. Operations Manage. 14 (4) (1996) 297–313] and Jonsson [Int. J. Operations Production Manage. 20 (12) (2000) 1446–1474]. A survey of the 20 plants in the population was conducted via postal questionnaire between July 1999 and April 2001, with a structured interview being held at a later date. A cluster analysis was performed which allowed a taxonomy with three groups of plants to be established: traditionalists, designers and investors. These three groups differ from each other with regard to their AMT investments, industrial activity, size and degree of integration. Differences between the groups in company performance cannot be appreciated. Although the results apparently seem to back up most of the findings of previous works biased to larger companies, they do bring certain aspects into question regarding the explanation for the way the groups are formed. The three critical factors which determine AMT investment in the sector are the company’s being of a certain minimum size, undergoing a period of expansion, and type of activity.
Comparison of two digital radiostereometric analysis methods in the determination of femoral head penetration in a total hip replacement phantom
Authors: Bragdon Charles R. , Estok Daniel M. , Malchau Henrik , Kärrholm Johan , Yuan Xunhua , Bourne Robert , Veldhoven Jean , Harris William H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractRadiostereometric analysis (RSA) has been used extensively to evaluate the magnitude and direction of penetration of the femoral head into the acetabular component of a total hip replacement as a result of polyethylene wear and creep. The accuracy and precision of an RSA study depends on several factors, including the radiographic technique, the analytical software, and the positioning of the tantalum markers. This study had three sequential purposes. First, an in vitro phantom model was used to quantify the accuracy and precision of digital images versus conventional radiography in RSA measurements of penetration of the femoral head into the acetabular shell in a total hip replacement. The Umeå RSA software package was used for analysis of both the conventional films, which were digitized at a resolution of 300 DPI, and digital radiographs, which were converted from a DICOM format at a resolution of 218 DPI. Digital radiography was found to be superior. Next, two methods of RSA analysis currently in use for determining femoral head penetration into polyethylene of total joint replacements were compared. Using the phantom model, we compared the Umeå RSA system (Biomedical Innovations AB) to the RSA‐CMS (RSA Clinical Measurement Solution) and in both cases used the digital radiographs. The Umeå RSA system was found to be superior. Finally, two methods of marking the position of the acetabular component with tantalum beads were compared: one in which beads were inserted into previously described towers protruding from the back of the acetabular shell and another in which beads were placed into the peripheral flange of the polyethylene liner using the Umeå RSA analysis system of the digital radiographs. The results using the two marker configurations were similar. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Successful treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial endocarditis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: D'Cunha P.T. , Davenport D.S. , Fisher K.A. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract:We report the successful treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in a renal transplant recipient with preservation of his renal allograft. A 44‐year‐old man presented to the emergency room with sudden onset of fevers and rigors 7 weeks after renal transplantation. Infective endocarditis was diagnosed by Duke's Criteria (Durack et al. New criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Am J Med 1994: 96: 200–209) with multiple positive blood cultures for S. aureus and a mitral valve vegetation on transesophageal echocardiogram. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks with continuation of his immunosuppression. He has remained clinically stable for over 5 years. Although the treatment of S. aureus endocarditis in immunosuppressed transplant patients has traditionally resulted in loss of their allograft, prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotics with continued immunosuppressive therapy resulted in a successful outcome and allograft preservation in this case.
Lake Chivero: A management case study
Authors: Magadza C. H. D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLake Chivero in Zimbabwe was shown to be hypereutrophic. Historical data showed that the eutrophication process had been arrested in the late 1970s. However, a combination of poor planning, multiplicity of jurisdiction, mismatch between rate of urbanization and waste management investment, recent changes in the local climate and a permissive, immature political system that called for no public accountability resulted in environmental management breakdown leading to hypereutrophication of the lake. The case of Lake Chivero is presented as an example of a wider global issue regarding the status of environmental management in competition with other priorities in emerging democracies.
A general management model to optimize lake liming operations
Authors: Håkanson Lars 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOne of the most common ways to combat the ecosystem effects of acid rain is liming, which can be performed in many ways, such as lake liming, wetland liming, full‐scale drainage area liming, and by dosers in tributaries. This study presents results from extensive liming operations in many Swedish lakes. A practically useful management model for planning and predicting the outcome of liming is presented. The model is based on a validated, general dynamic model for radiocaesium, which has also been used with very good results for radiostrontium, different metals and phosphorus. In this work, the model is applied for calcium from liming. Lake liming can be regarded as a tracer experiment to test the dynamic model. A few of the lakes have been used for the calibrations of the model, and then the model has been validated (blind‐tested) using 68 lakes for pH and 17 lakes for calcium concentrations. Results were very good or good in 97% of the cases for pH and 94% of the cases for calcium. Controls in the two lakes where the dynamic model did not give good pH predictions revealed that these two lakes were fertilized and limed a few years before this study started. If those conditions are accounted for, the model would give good results in these cases also. The model also includes submodels to calculate initial pH, and how this is related to catchment area and lake morphometric conditions, as well as target pH and how this is related to initial pH, and the large‐scale, long‐time influences of deposition of sulphur and other acidifying compounds from the burning of fossil fuels. In order to make the model practically useful, only variables readily accessible from maps and standard monitoring programmes have been accepted as driving variables (such as lake area and mean depth). This work also presents critical model tests (sensitivity and uncertainty analyses using Monte Carlo techniques). These tests have demonstrated that the critical part determining the predictive success of the model is related to the final calculation step where the calculated calcium concentration is transformed into a change in lake pH. It has also been demonstrated that more detailed characterizations of the catchment areas by means of drainage area zonation or Geographical Information System techniques will not increase the predictive accuracy of initial pH values, and that most lakes in the northern part of Sweden were excessively limed to pH values higher, or much higher, than the ‘natural’ or target pH. This is a waste of resources as there are many lakes, especially in the southern part of the country, which need to be limed.
Management criteria for lake ecosystems applied to case studies of changes in nutrient loading and climate change
Authors: Håkanson Lars , Ostapenia Alexander , Parparov Arkady , Hambright K. David , Boulion Viktor V. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe aim of this paper is twofold: to present and discuss practically useful management criteria from different perspectives of lake management (fishery, recreation, conservation, monitoring of water quality and use of water for irrigation and drinking), and to put these criteria into the context of a holistic lake ecosystem model, LakeWeb, which accounts for production, biomasses, predation and abiotic/biotic feedbacks related to nine key functional groups of organisms constituting the lake ecosystem. These are phytoplankton, benthic algae, macrophytes, bacterioplankton, herbivorous zooplankton, predatory zooplankton, zoobenthos, prey fish and predatory fish. The LakeWeb model also includes a mass‐balance model for phosphorus and calculates bio‐uptake and retention of phosphorus in these groups of organisms. It also includes submodels for the depth of the photic zone and lake temperature. The LakeWeb model is driven by few and readily accessible driving variables and it has been extensively tested and shown to capture fundamental lake foodweb interactions very well, which should lend credibility to the scenarios discussed in this paper regarding the conditions in Lake Batorino, Belarus. The LakeWeb model offers a tool to address important, often very complex, scientific problems in a realistic manner. The first scenario describes the changes after 1990 when there was a drastic reduction in the use of fertilizers in agriculture because of political changes and the corresponding changes in lake characteristics and foodweb structures utilizing the given management criteria. The second scenario describes, for comparative purposes, the probable alterations in the lake foodweb related to global climatic changes; in this case, warming and increased temperature variations. This study indicates that there are several similarities between eutrophication and increases in temperatures, which are discussed in this paper along with the mechanistic reasons related to such changes by using a set of general management criteria.
Seasonal and spatial variation in algal growth potential and growth‐limiting nutrients in a shallow endorheic lake: Lake Pátzcuaro (Mexico)
Authors: Bernal‐Brooks Fernando W. , Dávalos‐Lind Laura , Lind Owen T. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe present research focused on the functional role of the phytoplankton of an economically important endorheic tropical lake from the perspective of algal growth bioassays. The algal growth potential of the lake water was compared for littoral and pelagic sites during the wet and dry seasons. Algal growth potentials at open waters reached minimum and maximum values following the seasonal alternation of dilution (by rain) and concentration (by evaporation) respectively. Conversely, at southern littoral stations high algal growth responses related to the availability of nutrients from point contamination sites. There was no such effect at nearby offshore sites or elsewhere in the lake which suggests filtration and competitive interactions for these nutrients between phytoplankton and littoral macrophytes. Nitrogen and phosphorus both acted consistently as limiting nutrients at open waters by colimitation. Nitrogen to phosphorus ratios seemed to approach equilibrium where limitation easily shifted to one element or the other temporally and spatially.
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and aerobic phototrophs in Normans Lagoon, a ‘billabong’ adjacent to the Murray River, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Gribben Deborah L. , Rees Gavin N. , Croome Roger L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe development and demise of substantial populations of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a and d containing phototrophs are documented within the bottom waters of a billabong (oxbow lake) in south‐eastern Australia. The observation of such populations within a freshwater body is unusual, illustrating an unexpected source of organic carbon within the floodplain ecosystem of one of Australia's principal rivers. Values of up to 1086 µg L−1 BChl a and 490 µg L−1 BChl d were recorded during an 11 month study of physico‐chemical parameters, algae and bacteria. An unusual density stratification was observed within the billabong, fostered by an increase in bivalent ions at depth, and leading to persistent anoxia below 0.75 m depth over summer. A marked vertical distribution was observed for both algae and bacteria, that for the bacteria being lost with a mixing event in late March. The presence of up to 74 µg L−1 BChl a at the surface of the billabong during the summer months is ascribed to entrainment of bacteria within bubble plumes rising from the sediments.
Exploring the association between cannabis use and depression
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Hall Wayne , Lynskey Michael 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTAim  To examine the evidence on the association between cannabis and depression and evaluate competing explanations of the association.Methods  A search of Medline, Psychinfo and EMBASE databases was conducted. All references in which the terms ‘cannabis’, ‘marijuana’ or ‘cannabinoid’, and in which the words ‘depression/depressive disorder/depressed’, ‘mood’, ‘mood disorder’ or ‘dysthymia’ were collected. Only research studies were reviewed. Case reports are not discussed.Results  There was a modest association between heavy or problematic cannabis use and depression in cohort studies and well‐designed cross‐sectional studies in the general population. Little evidence was found for an association between depression and infrequent cannabis use. A number of studies found a modest association between early‐onset, regular cannabis use and later depression, which persisted after controlling for potential confounding variables. There was little evidence of an increased risk of later cannabis use among people with depression and hence little support for the self‐medication hypothesis. There have been a limited number of studies that have controlled for potential confounding variables in the association between heavy cannabis use and depression. These have found that the risk is much reduced by statistical control but a modest relationship remains.Conclusions  Heavy cannabis use and depression are associated and evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that heavy cannabis use may increase depressive symptoms among some users. It is still too early, however, to rule out the hypothesis that the association is due to common social, family and contextual factors that increase risks of both heavy cannabis use and depression. Longitudinal studies and studies of twins discordant for heavy cannabis use and depression are needed to rule out common causes. If the relationship is causal, then on current patterns of cannabis use in the most developed societies cannabis use makes, at most, a modest contribution to the population prevalence of depression.
Reliability and validity of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire and validation of a craving‐induction procedure using multiple measures of craving and mood
Authors: Singleton Edward G. , Anderson Lynn M. , Heishman Stephen J. 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTAims  To determine the reliability and validity of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (TCQ) and the validity of imagery scripts to elicit self‐reported tobacco craving.Design  Active imagery of three auditory scripts that described no‐, low‐ and high‐intensity of smoking urge.Participants  Current cigarette smokers (24 men, 24 women) not attempting to quit or reduce smoking.Measurements  After each imagery condition, participants completed the 47‐item TCQ, a Mood Form and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questions.Findings  Reliability of measures was demonstrated by internal consistency and unidimensionality of the four TCQ factors across imagery conditions. Criterion‐related validity was demonstrated by an orderly increase in scores on the TCQ and VAS craving measures as a function of craving intensity of the imagery scripts. Increases in effect size parameters and parallel decreases in the stability of test–retest reliability for all craving measures indicated the validity of the imagery procedure. Convergent and discriminant validity were established by the craving scripts increasing self‐reported craving, the no‐craving (positive‐affect) script increasing positive mood, the no‐craving script not affecting craving and the craving scripts not affecting positive mood.Conclusions  Findings further demonstrated the reliability and validity of the TCQ as a multi‐factorial instrument to assess the construct of tobacco craving and suggested that the lability of craving, rather than inconsistency and instability in its measurement, was responsible for observed effects.
Tracking drinking behaviour from age 15–19 years
Authors: Andersen Anette , Due Pernille , Holstein Bjørn E. , Iversen Lars 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTAims  The aim of this paper was to assess (1) changes in drinking behaviour over time among Danish adolescents and (2) use of which alcoholic beverages and what drinking patterns would have the strongest predictive effect on later alcohol consumption.Design, setting, participants  The population was a random sample of 15‐year‐olds (baseline 1990, response rate 86%, n= 847) with a first follow‐up 4 years later (response rate 85%, n= 729).Measurements  Alcohol intake was assessed by experience of drunkenness, quantity and frequency of consumption. Thresholds recommended by the Danish National Board of Health were used to discriminate high from low intake.Findings  At 19 years of age at least 80% drank alcohol monthly, and 24% of the men and 11% of the women had an alcohol intake above the recommended national limits, i.e. 21 weekly units of alcohol for men and 14 for women. Consumption of alcoholic beverages at age 15 increased the risk of drinking alcohol weekly at the age of 19 [odds ratio (OR)‐values from 1.11 to 3.53]. Drunkenness among the 15‐year‐old boys and the use of spirits of the 15‐year‐old girls showed the strongest predictive relationship with excessive consumption at age 19 [OR = 2.44, confidence interval (CI): 1.38–4.29, respectively, OR = 1.97, CI: 1.15–3.38].Conclusions  Alcohol consumption as early as the age of 15 predicted weekly alcohol consumption and alcohol intake exceeding the recommended amount 4 years later. Young teenagers’ high alcohol consumption was not just a passing phenomenon. It was a behaviour that tracked into young adulthood, leaving the adolescents at increased risk of being long‐term, large‐scale consumers.
Stopping smoking can cause constipation
Authors: Hajek Peter , Gillison Fiona , McRobbie Hayden 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTSetting Constipation is mentioned occasionally as a possible tobacco withdrawal symptom, but no systematic data have been published on this issue.Design Smokers’ clinic patients provided ratings of their level of constipation on three occasions prior to their quit date, and then weekly after they stopped smoking. The total of 1067 participants maintained at least 1 week of continuous abstinence and provided usable data.Findings The three precessation ratings of constipation were stable. After cessation of smoking, the ratings increased significantly (P < 0.01). In 514 patients who maintained continuous abstinence for 4 weeks and provided complete data, constipation peaked at 2 weeks but remained elevated over the whole period. The net proportion of patients affected was 17%, including 9% who were symptom‐free at baseline and became very or extremely constipated. In patients on nicotine replacement the increase in constipation, although significant, was less than in patients on bupropion.Conclusions Clinicians treating smokers need to be aware of a possibility that one in six quitters develop constipation, and that for about one in 11 the problem can be severe. Descriptions of tobacco withdrawal syndrome should include constipation.
Fetus at risk: prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy estimated with a simple screening method in Swedish antenatal clinics
Authors: Göransson Mona , Magnusson Åsa , Bergman Hans , Rydberg Ulf , Heilig Markus 
Published: October 2003

ABSTRACTAims  Maternal alcohol consumption is a major health hazard for the fetus. Sweden has an extensive system of public antenatal care clinics, whose mission is to detect and prevent this type of health hazards. However, very few cases of alcohol consumption during pregnancy are detected. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption during pregnancy in a consecutive series of Swedish pregnant females.Design, setting, participants and measurements  The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to collect anonymous data from consecutive pregnant subjects admitted during 1 year to an antenatal clinic in Stockholm, and signing up for parental education offered routinely (n = 1327). Data were obtained from 1101 subjects, typically in pregnancy week 30. A complete AUDIT form was filled out referring to alcohol use during the year prior to pregnancy. A separate form with the consumption items from AUDIT was filled out to report behaviour during pregnancy.Findings  For the year preceding pregnancy, 17% of subjects reported AUDIT scores of 6 or higher, indicating hazardous or harmful alcohol use in women. Few individuals reported scores of 13 or higher (indicating abuse or dependence), but almost half the subjects (46%) reported binge drinking (six standard drinks on a single occasion) once/month or more often, and 6% reported binge drinking on every occasion of alcohol consumption. One‐third of the subjects (30%) continued regular alcohol use during pregnancy, and 6% reported consumption two to four times/month. In a logistic regression model, AUDIT scores for the year prior to pregnancy and subject age, but not education level were significant predictors of continued alcohol use during pregnancy.Conclusions  Alcohol use during pregnancy is more extensive than has been presumed in Sweden. Simple, clinically useful screening methodology detects hazardous consumption during pregnancy in a manner which regular antenatal care does not. If this methodology can be shown to have similar sensitivity when administered under non‐anonymous conditions, it should be made part of routine antenatal care.