bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practices, perceptions and trust of the public regarding online drug purchasing: a web-based survey from Jordan
Authors: Gharaibeh Lobna , Alameri Mariam Ahmad , Al-Kabariti Aya Y , Alsa'd Alhareth A , Abed Anas , Karameh Nida , Aldeeb Ibrahim D 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesOnline purchasing, including drugs, increased dramatically in the last decade especially through the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and attitudes of consumers concerning online drug purchasing and assess their perceptions regarding the benefits and disadvantages.DesignA web-based survey conducted through a self-administered questionnaire that was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee, ethical approval number: IRB/Al-Ahliyya Amman University/3/13/2021-2022. Cronbach’s alpha for the attributes of benefits and disadvantages was 0.608 and 0.744, respectively. Primary outcome measures were extent of trust of the public in online drug purchasing using Likert scale. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess predictors of the trust score.SettingsHashemite Kingdom of Jordan.ParticipantsInclusion criteria; residents of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 18 years or older. The questionnaire was distributed through snowball effect via different social media.ResultsA total of 428 participants filled the questionnaire, their average age was 29.7±11.2. Almost all participants, 419 (98.6%) use the internet daily but only 79 (18.6%) participants shop online regularly. Fifty participants (11.8%) purchased drugs online and they had higher benefits score of online purchasing compared with those who did not buy drugs online, 12.5±3.7 and 10.9±3.1, respectively, p=0.002. Participant who purchased drugs online had an increase in trust score of 0.847 compared with those who did not purchase drugs online, p<0.001. In the multivariate model, participants with education level of high school or higher than high school, compared with those with education lower than high school had an increase in trust score of 1.336 (p=0.026) and 1.137 (p=0.039), respectively.ConclusionThe public recognises the risks in buying drugs online. Awareness campaigns and regulations that control and monitor online drug purchasing should be implemented.
Association between perioperative statin treatment and short-term clinical outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lefeber Geert , Dautzenberg Lauren , Knol Wilma , Huijbers Carla , Voskuil Michiel , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O , Bouvy Marcel , de Boer Anthonius , Emmelot-Vonk Marielle , Koek Huiberdina L 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundStudies have found statin treatment to be associated with improved 1-year survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), suggesting pleiotropic effects of statins on preventing perioperative complications. Statin treatment is not associated with postoperative cardiovascular complications or mortality; however, other postoperative complications have not been investigated.AimTo explore whether preoperative statin treatment is associated with a lower short-term risk of mortality, readmission and major postoperative complications in older patients undergoing TAVI.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including patients aged 65 years and older who had undergone a comprehensive geriatric assessment prior to TAVI between January 2014 and January 2021. The primary outcomes were 90-day mortality, 90-day readmissions and major postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with adjustment for potential confounders, namely age, gender, comorbidity, body mass index, smoking, diminished renal function, alcohol use and falls .ResultsThis study included 584 patients, of whom 324 (55.5%) were treated with a statin. In the statin treated group, 15 (4.6%) patients died within 90 days of TAVI compared with 10 (3.8%) patients in the non statin group (adjusted OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.51 to 2.70). The number of 90-day readmissions was 39 (12.0%) and 34 (13.1%) (adjusted OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.52), respectively. In the statin treated group, 115 (35.5%) patients experienced a major complication compared with 98 (37.7%) in the non-statin group (adjusted OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.37).ConclusionPreoperative statin treatment is not associated with improved short-term outcomes after TAVI. A randomised controlled trial with different statin doses may be warranted to investigate whether initiating statin treatment before TAVI improves both postoperative outcomes and long-term survival.
Associations of health-related quality of life with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events for individuals with ischaemic heart disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence mapping
Authors: Soloveva Anzhela , Gale Chris P , Naung Tun Han , Hurdus Ben , Aktaa Suleman , Palin Victoria , Mebrahtu Teumzghi F , Van Spall Harriette , Batra Gorav , Dondo Tatendashe Bernadette , Bäck Maria , Munyombwe Theresa 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in individuals with ischaemic heart disease (IHD).MethodsMedline(R), Embase, APA PsycINFO and CINAHL (EBSCO) from inception to 3 April 2023 were searched. Studies reporting association of HRQoL, using a generic or cardiac-specific tool, with MACCE or components of MACCE for individuals with IHD were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale to assess the quality of the studies. Descriptive synthesis, evidence mapping and random-effects meta-analysis were performed stratified by HRQoL measures and effect estimates. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I2statistic.ResultsFifty-one articles were included with a total of 134 740 participants from 53 countries. Meta-analysis of 23 studies found that the risk of MACCE increased with lower baseline HeartQoL score (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.93) and Short Form Survey (SF-12) physical component score (PCS) (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.51). Risk of all-cause mortality increased with a lower HeartQoL (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.01), EuroQol 5-dimension (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.22), SF-36 PCS (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.41), SF-36 mental component score (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.30).ConclusionsThis study found an inverse association between baseline values or change in HRQoL and MACCE or components of MACCE in individuals with IHD, albeit with between-study heterogeneity. Standardisation and routine assessment of HRQoL in clinical practice may help risk stratify individuals with IHD for tailored interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021234638.
Antonio Candido em Debate: uma constelação de estudos críticos
Authors: Moreschi Marcelo , Moraes Anita Martins Rodrigues de , Pinto Lucia Ricotta Vilela 
Published: October 2023

O que segue foi escrito como introdução para uma antologia de artigos e ensaios sobre a obra de Antonio Candido, cuja publicação foi impedida porque a Editora da Unicamp se recusou, em 2021, a autorizar a publicação de três textos que integrariam o volume. Mesmo com essa recusa, decidimos publicar agora o texto que serviria de introdução ao volume pretendido, uma vez que revisita, sublinha e resume um conjunto de intervenções críticas de diferentes autores que poderiam servir como contraponto e antídoto às várias compilações já conhecidas de artigos de teor laudatório/encomiástico a propósito da obra candidiana. Essas intervenções de fato encaram problemas da teoria, da crítica e da historiografia literárias de Antonio Candido, dando corpo a um pensamento divergente e heterogêneo. A ideia foi a de tentar reunir textos já publicados, cuja circulação foi pequena ou dispersa, de modo a constituir um volume de ensaios que demonstre a existência e a força de proposições dissidentes face às totalizações candidianas e às suas paráfrases tão acríticas quanto habituais. O presente artigo sumariza, assim, os 12 textos selecionados, indicando como o conjunto deles desvela os princípios de uma subjetivação (normativa) do letrado no Brasil.
Efficacy of Dapagliflozin According to Heart Rate: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER
Authors: Kondo Toru , Butt Jawad H. , Curtain James P. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Docherty Kieran F. , Claggett Brian L. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Bachus Erasmus , Hernandez Adrian F. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Martinez Felipe A. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Desai Akshay S. , Køber Lars , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Although elevated resting heart rate (HR) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in sinus rhythm (SR), the relationship between HR and outcomes among patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and in those with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. The aims of this study were to examine the association between baseline HR and outcomes across the range of left ventricular ejection fraction, in patients with and without AF, and evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin according to HR.

METHODS:
A patient-level pooled analysis of the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure; heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) and DELIVER (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure trial; heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) trials. The primary outcome of each was the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death.

RESULTS:

Among patients with SR (n=6401, 64%), the rate of the primary outcome was higher in those with higher HR: 16.8 versus 7.7 per 100 person-years for ≥80 bpm versus <60 bpm. The relationship between HR and risk was steeper in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction versus heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. HR was not associated with outcomes in patients in AF for either heart failure phenotype. The benefit of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent across the HR range in both SR (
P
interaction
=0.28) and AF (
P
interaction
=0.56), for example, for SR <60 bpm, hazard ratio for dapagliflozin versus placebo 0.72 (95% CI, 0.55–0.95); 60 to 69 bpm, 0.78 (0.63–0.97); 70 to 79 bpm, 0.73 (0.59–0.91); ≥80 bpm, 0.77 (0.61–0.97). The benefit was consistent across HR range in both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

CONCLUSIONS:
The risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death increased with increasing baseline HR among patients in SR, but this association was not seen among patients in AF, irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction. The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent across HR range, irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction or rhythm.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT03036124 and NCT03619213.
ANGPTL3 (Angiopoietin‐Like 3) Preferentially Resides on High‐Density Lipoprotein in the Human Circulation, Affecting Its Activity
Authors: Kraaijenhof Jordan M. , Tromp Tycho R. , Nurmohamed Nick S. , Reeskamp Laurens F. , Langenkamp Marije , Levels Johannes H. M. , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Wareham Nicholas J. , Hoekstra Menno , Stroes Erik S. G. , Hovingh G. Kees , Grefhorst Aldo 
Published: October 2023

Background
ANGPTL3 (angiopoietin‐like protein 3) is an acknowledged crucial regulator of lipid metabolism by virtue of its inhibitory effect on lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase. It is currently unknown whether and to which lipoproteins ANGPTL3 is bound and whether the ability of ANGPTL3 to inhibit lipase activity is affected by binding to lipoproteins.

Methods and Results

Incubation of ultracentrifugation‐isolated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions from healthy volunteers with recombinant ANGPTL3 revealed that ANGPTL3 associates with both HDL and LDL particles ex vivo. Plasma from healthy volunteers and a patient deficient in HDL was fractionated by fast protein liquid chromatography, and ANGPTL3 distribution among lipoprotein fractions was measured. In healthy volunteers, ≈75% of lipoprotein‐associated ANGPTL3 resides in HDL fractions, whereas ANGPTL3 was largely bound to LDL in the patient deficient in HDL. ANGPTL3 activity was studied by measuring lipolysis and uptake of
3
H‐trioleate by brown adipocyte T37i cells. Unbound ANGPTL3 did not suppress lipase activity, but when given with HDL or LDL, ANGPTL3 suppressed lipase activity by 21.4±16.4% (
P
=0.03) and 25.4±8.2% (
P
=0.006), respectively. Finally, in a subset of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer) Norfolk study, plasma HDL cholesterol and amount of large HDL particles were both positively associated with plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations. Moreover, plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations showed a positive association with incident coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.01–1.55],
P
=0.04).

Conclusions
Although ANGPTL3 preferentially resides on HDL, its activity was highest once bound to LDL particles.
Validating the SMART2 Score in a Racially Diverse High‐Risk Nationwide Cohort of Patients Receiving Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Deo Salil V. , Althouse Andrew , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , McAllister David A. , Orkaby Ariela , Elgudin Yakov E. , Fremes Stephen , Chu Danny , Visseren Frank L. J. , Pell Jill P. , Sattar Naveed 
Published: October 2023

Background
We tested the potential of the Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease (SMART2) risk score for use in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods and Results
We conducted an external validation of the SMART2 score in a racially diverse high‐risk national cohort (2010–2019) that underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. We calculated the preoperative SMART2 score and modeled the 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular event (cardiovascular mortality+myocardial infarction+stroke) incidence. We evaluated SMART2 score discrimination at 5 years using c‐statistic and calibration with observed/expected ratio and calibration plots. We analyzed the potential clinical benefit using decision curves. We repeated these analyses in clinical subgroups, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and polyvascular disease, and separately in White and Black patients. In 27 443 (mean age, 65 years; 10% Black individuals) US veterans undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (2010–2019) nationwide, the 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular event rate was 25%; 27% patients were in high predicted risk (>30% 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular events). SMART2 score discrimination (c‐statistic: 64) was comparable to the original study (c‐statistic: 67) and was best in patients with chronic kidney disease (c‐statistic: 66). However, it underpredicted major adverse cardiovascular event rates in the whole cohort (observed/expected ratio, 1.45) as well as in all studied subgroups. The SMART2 score performed better in White than Black patients. On decision curve analysis, the SMART2 score provides a net benefit over a wide range of risk thresholds.

Conclusions
The SMART2 model performs well in a racially diverse coronary artery bypass grafting cohort, with better predictive capabilities at the upper range of baseline risk, and can therefore be used to guide secondary preventive pharmacotherapy.
Prognostic Value of Natriuretic Peptide Levels for Adverse Renal Outcomes in Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Kidney Injury With or Without Heart Failure
Authors: Chaikijurajai Thanat , Demirjian Sevag , Tang W. H. Wilson 
Published: October 2023

Background
Natriuretic peptides have been recommended as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with heart failure and are often elevated in the setting of acute kidney injury. We sought to demonstrate the associations between increased baseline NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) and adverse renal outcomes in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acute kidney injury.

Methods and Results
We reviewed electronic medical records of consecutive patients with acute kidney injury stage 2 and 3 admitted to the Cleveland Clinic between September 2011 and December 2021. Patients with NT‐proBNP levels collected before renal consultation or dialysis initiation were included. Adverse renal outcomes included dialysis requirement and dialysis dependence defined as patients undergoing dialysis within 72 hours before hospital discharge or in‐hospital mortality. In our study cohort (n=3811), 2521 (66%) patients underwent dialysis, 1619 (42%) patients became dialysis dependent, and 1325 (35%) patients had in‐hospital mortality. After adjusting for cardiorenal risk factors, compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of NT‐proBNP (≥18 215 pg/mL) was associated with increased likelihood of dialysis requirement (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.36 [95% CI, 1.87–2.99]), dialysis dependence (adjusted OR, 1.89 [95% CI, 2.53–1.34]), and in‐hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.01–1.34]).

Conclusions
Increased NT‐proBNP was associated with an increased risk of dialysis requirement, becoming dialysis dependent, and in‐hospital mortality in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acute kidney injury.
An hypothesis on crustacean pigmentation metabolism: l-carnitine and nuclear hormone receptors as limiting factors
Authors: Ghonimy Abdallah , López Greco Laura S. , Li Jian , Wade Nicholas M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Astaxanthin (Axn) is the primary pigment molecule in crustaceans associated with quality, health and growth traits, leading to increased marketing value. Axn can be contained within the protein complex crustacyanin (CRCN) to produce an array of different shell colours, or esterified with fatty acids (FA) for storage but also contributing additional red colouration. l-Carnitine (LC) has a major role in FA oxidation and mitochondrial function optimization, which could influence the proportion of Axn complexed with FA or CRCN. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) have important roles in FA and Axn uptake, and stored lipid oxidation affecting Axn homeostasis and storage in lipid bodies. Whether Axn could increase PPAR signalling and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, leading to induction of lipid metabolism, is not known in crustaceans. Several FA have been shown to preferentially form FA Axn-esters, including saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as C16:0 and C18:0, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as C16:1 and C18:1, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as C20:4, C20:5, and C20:6. We hypothesize that manipulating the dietary ratios and inclusion of LC, Axn, and specific FA may be able to further improve pigment utilization, lipid metabolism, health, and growth in crustaceans.
International Human Rights and the Plight of Rohingya in Myanmar
Authors: Khan Robina , Abbas Zafar , Shah Syed Fakharuddin , Khan Muhammad Zubair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are probably no nations in the world today that do not have minority groups. Wherever nation-states exist, ethnic diversity is a pervasive aspect of their life. Myanmar is one of the most ethnically diverse states in Asia. The Rohingya’s existence is a historical fact in Myanmar, but their ethnic minority status is not acknowledged. Rohingya Muslims are facing identity and citizenship problems along with severe international human rights violations. More than 0.7 million Rohingya Muslims are living in Bangladesh as world’s biggest refugee population. The Rohingya gradually lost their identity and eventually became stateless under Myanmar’s domestic legal framework. A large number of them are disenfranchised from exercising their basic human rights. It is argued that not only are their human rights seriously compromised in their present condition of statelessness, but they could still face genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. The article concludes by emphasizing the responsibility to protect Rohingya Muslims from atrocities, including addressing their statelessness and lack of citizenship. Further research and advocacy are needed to ensure that the human rights of the Rohingya are protected and that they have access to citizenship and legal identity.
Enterococcus faecium supplementation prevents enteritis caused by Escherichia coli in goats
Authors: Dong J. , Jiang Y. , Li Z. , Liu K. , Guo L. , Cui L. , Wang H. , Li J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The probiotic Enterococcus faecium is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. Escherichia coli is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. faecium on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, E. faecium, E. coli, and E. faecium + E. coli. The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and bacterial counts in jejunum and caecum were detected on day 4 and 8. The results showed that body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and leukocyte counts all increased from the 2nd to the 6th day after feeding with E. coli, and the diarrhoea score was significantly increased. However, E. faecium-pretreated goats had lower body temperatures and fewer leukocytes than E. coli-treated goats on day 2, as well as decreased diarrhoea scores. E. coli treatment caused histopathological damage and morphological changes in the jejunum and caecum, while pretreatment with E. faecium significantly alleviated these injuries. E. faecium pretreatment can reduce the load of E. coli and increase the prevalence of Lactobacillus, thereby balancing the microbiota in the intestine. Furthermore, E. coli-infected goats pretreated with E. faecium showed obvious inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in the jejunum and caecum compared to that in the E. coli treatment group. In conclusion, the addition of E. faecium to goat feed is beneficial for improving clinical symptoms, maintaining intestinal mucosa integrity, balancing the microbiota and decreasing inflammatory responses in E. coli-induced intestinal injury.