bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring feasibility and acceptability of an integrated urban gardens and peer nutritional counselling intervention for people with HIV in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Celeste-Villalvir Alane , Then-Paulino Amarilis , Armenta Gabriela , Jimenez-Paulino Gipsy , Palar Kartika , Wallace Deshira D , Derose Kathryn P 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:Food security interventions with people living with HIV (PLHIV) are needed to improve HIV outcomes. This process evaluation of a pilot intervention involving urban gardening and peer nutritional counselling with PLHIV assesses feasibility, acceptability and implementation challenges to inform scale-up.Design:Mixed methods were used, including quantitative data on intervention participation and feasibility and acceptability among participants (n 45) and qualitative data from a purposive sample of participants (n 21). Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and coded using a codebook developed iteratively.Setting:An HIV clinic in the northwest-central part of the Dominican Republic.Results:The intervention was feasible for most participants: 84 % attended a garden workshop and 71 % established an urban garden; 91 % received all three core nutritional counselling sessions; and 73 % attended the cooking workshop. The intervention was also highly acceptable: nearly, all participants (93–96 %) rated the gardening as ‘helpful’ or ‘very helpful’ for taking HIV medications, their mental/emotional well-being and staying healthy; similarly, high percentages (89–97 %) rated the nutrition counselling ‘helpful’ or ‘very helpful’ for following a healthy diet, reducing unhealthy foods and increasing fruit/vegetable intake. Garden barriers included lack of space and animals/pests. Transportation barriers impeded nutritional counselling. Harvested veggies were consumed by participants’ households, shared with neighbours and family, and sold in the community. Many emphasised that comradery with other PLHIV helped them cope with HIV-related marginalisation.Conclusion:An urban gardens and peer nutritional counselling intervention with PLHIV was feasible and acceptable; however, addressing issues of transportation, pests and space is necessary for equitable participation and benefit.
Tropical Precipitation Woes in the Community Earth System Model Version 2
Authors: Lofverstrom Marcus , Zhu Jiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe newly developed paleo‐climate calibrated Community Earth System Model, version 2 (pCESM2) simulates a more realistic global temperature response to external forcing compared to the standard CESM2. Here we show that the code modifications in pCESM2 result in increased atmospheric convection and a northward shift of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zones. These changes are exacerbated under Last Glacial Maximum forcing, resulting in tropical precipitation changes that are inconsistent with both proxy data evidence and simulations with other contemporary models. Similar model‐data disagreements are also present in the standard CESM2. Thus, more work is needed to improve the simulated Last Glacial Maximum hydroclimate response in CESM2. We further suggest that well‐constrained paleo climates should be given a larger emphasis in model development more broadly, as these climates can help identify issues with model parameterizations under altered forcing and thus improve the fidelity of simulations of past, present, and future climates.
Observation of Whistler Mode Waves Inside Mirror Mode Structures in the Earth's Outer Magnetosphere
Authors: Chen Rui , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Zhou Xuan , Ke Yangguang , Chen Huayue , Ma Jiuqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhistler mode waves are commonly observed inside mirror mode structures (MM‐Ss) in the magnetosheath. Although MM‐Ss have also been detected in the magnetosphere, there is no statistical study investigating the properties of whistler mode waves inside MM‐Ss. Using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellites, our present study identifies and statistically analyzes whistler mode waves detected inside MM‐Ss in the Earth's magnetosphere. Both the observational evidence (bidirectional propagation) and theoretical analyses suggest that whistler mode waves are excited in the low‐magnetic‐field regions of MM‐Ss. Statistical results indicate that whistler mode waves are frequently observed inside the MM‐Ss in the dusk sector. Most of these waves (>70%) are in the frequency range of 0.1–0.4 fce and have amplitudes less than ∼50 pT. Moreover, most of them are observed to propagate in the direction both parallel and antiparallel to the background magnetic field, and their wave normal angles are typically less than ∼40°. Our study analyzes the properties and generation of whistler mode waves inside MM‐Ss and reveals that MM‐Ss are a possible source region in the Earth's magnetosphere. Therefore, our study provides new insight into the properties of whistler mode waves inside MM‐Ss which are pervasive in space plasmas.
Radiatively Active Hydrometeor Frequencies From CloudSat–CALIPSO Data for Evaluating Cloud Fraction in Global Climate Models
Authors: Li Jui‐Lin F. , Lee Wei‐Liang , Xu Kuan‐Man , Tsai Yu‐Cian , Jiang Jonathan , Yu Jia‐Yuh , Stephens Graeme , Fetzer Eric , Chen Wei‐Ting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study derives radiatively active hydrometeor frequencies (HFs) from CloudSat–CALIPSO satellite data to evaluate modeled cloud fraction in recent historical period simulations by the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models. Most CMIP5 models do not consider precipitating and convective core hydrometeors in radiative transfer calculation except for CESM1‐CAM5 with precipitating ice (snow). They do not provide radiatively active cloud fractions for all precipitating hydrometeor types such as snow fraction while the satellite‐retrieved HFs include mixed profiles of stratiform clouds and precipitation as well as convective cores. A filtering method is applied to produce estimates of nonprecipitating and nonconvective core HF (NPCHF) from the total HF (THF) excluding rain, which is defined here as the sum of NPCHF, precipitating ice (snow, graupel, and hail), and convective core HF. We determine the optimal reference HF data for model comparison that include estimates of liquid‐phase NPCHF from CloudSat radar‐only data (2B‐CWC) and ice‐phase THF from CloudSat–CALIPSO 2C‐ICE combined radar/lidar data. The zonal‐mean at selected heights and regionally averaged profiles of CMIP5 multi‐model‐mean cloud fraction show good agreements in comparison with NPCHF estimates with biases within 5%, whereas cloud fraction is significantly underestimated (up to 30%) against the THF estimates. The biases appear below the midtroposphere over the extratropics, in the upper troposphere over the midlatitude lands and a few tropical convective regions, where precipitating ice and convective core hydrometeors contribute greatly. This comparison reveals some underestimates of thick cloud HFs resulting from measurement limitations due probably to attenuation of radar/lidar signals, which cannot be qualified in this study.
A Series of Advances in Analytic Interplanetary CME Modeling
Authors: Kay C. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T. , Hofmeister S. J. , Palmerio E. , Ledvina V. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CMEs) and high speed streams (HSSs) are large‐scale transient structures that routinely propagate away from the Sun. Individually, they can cause space weather effects at the Earth, or elsewhere in space, but many of the largest events occur when these structures interact during their interplanetary propagation. We present the initial coupling of Open Solar Physics Rapid Ensemble Information (OSPREI), a model for CME evolution, with Mostly Empirical Operational Wind with a High Speed Stream, a time‐dependent HSS model that can serve as a background for the OSPREI CME. We present several improvements made to OSPREI in order to take advantage of the new time‐dependent, higher‐dimension background. This includes an update in the drag calculation and the ability to determine the rotation of a yaw‐like angle. We present several theoretical case studies, describing the difference in the CME behavior between a HSS background and a quiescent one. This behavior includes interplanetary CME propagation, expansion, deformation, and rotation, as well as the formation of a CME‐driven sheath. We also determine how the CME behavior changes with the HSS size and initial front distance. Generally, for a fast CME, we see that the drag is greatly reduced within the HSS, leading to faster CMEs and shorter travel times. The drag reappears stronger if the CME reaches the stream interaction region or upstream solar wind, leading to a stronger shock with more compression until the CME sufficiently decelerates. We model a CME–HSS interaction event observed by Parker Solar Probe in January 2022. The model improvements create a better match to the observed in situ profiles.
Multi-dose enteral L-citrulline administration in premature infants at risk of developing pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Fike Candice D. , Aschner Judy L. , Avachat Charul , Birnbaum Angela K. , Sherwin Catherine M. T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Information is needed to guide the design of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating L-citrulline therapy for premature infants with pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD-PH). Based on our single-dose pharmacokinetic study, we evaluated the ability of a multi-dose enteral L-citrulline strategy to achieve a target trough steady-state L-citrulline plasma concentration and its tolerability in premature infants.

Study Design
Plasma L-citrulline concentrations were measured in six premature infants receiving 60 mg/kg L-citrulline every 6 h for 72 h before the first and last L-citrulline doses. L-citrulline concentrations were compared to concentration-time profiles from our previous study.

Results
Target trough plasma L-citrulline concentrations were achieved in 2/6 subjects. No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions
Multi-dose L-citrulline was well tolerated. These results will assist in the design of phase II RCTs evaluating L-citrulline dosage strategies to achieve target plasma L-citrulline concentrations in infants at risk for BPD-PH. Clinical trials.gov ID: NCT03542812
NTRK1 knockdown induces mouse cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal damage through mitophagy suppression via inactivating the AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway
Authors: Yang Kai , Wu Jue , Li Shang , Wang Shan , Zhang Jing , Wang Yi-peng , Yan You-sheng , Hu Hua-ying , Xiong Ming-fang , Bai Chao-bo , Sun Yong-qing , Chen Wen-qi , Zeng Yang , Yuan Jun-liang , Yin Cheng-hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHippocampal neuronal damage may induce cognitive impairment. Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (NTRK1) reportedly regulates neuronal damage, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NTRK1 in mouse hippocampal neuronal damage and the specific mechanism. A mouse NTRK1-knockdown model was established and subjected to pre-treatment with BAY-3827, followed by a behavioral test, Nissl staining, and NeuN immunofluorescence (IF) staining to evaluate the cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal damage. Next, an in vitro analysis was conducted using the CCK-8 assay, TUNEL assay, NeuN IF staining, DCFH-DA staining, JC-1 staining, ATP content test, mRFP-eGFP-LC3 assay, and LC3-II IF staining to elucidate the effect of NTRK1 on mouse hippocampal neuronal activity, apoptosis, damage, mitochondrial function, and autophagy. Subsequently, rescue experiments were performed by subjecting the NTRK1-knockdown neurons to pre-treatment with O304 and Rapamycin. The AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway activity and mitophagy were detected using western blotting (WB) analysis. Resultantly, in vivo analysis revealed that NTRK1 knockdown induced mouse cognitive impairment and hippocampal tissue damage, in addition to inactivating the AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway activity and mitophagy in the hippocampal tissues of mice. The treatment with BAY-3827 exacerbated the mouse depressive-like behavior induced by NTRK1 knockdown. The results of in vitro analysis indicated that NTRK1 knockdown attenuated viability, NeuN expression, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitophagy, while enhancing apoptosis and ROS production in mouse hippocampal neurons. Conversely, pre-treatment with O304 and rapamycin abrogated the suppression of mitophagy and the promotion of neuronal damage induced upon NTRK1 silencing. Conclusively, NTRK1 knockdown induces mouse hippocampal neuronal damage through the suppression of mitophagy via inactivating the AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway. This finding would provide insight leading to the development of novel strategies for the treatment of cognitive impairment induced due to hippocampal neuronal damage.
Adropin inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-/Enho-/- mice by regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Ying Teng , Wu LingZhen , Lan TingXiang , Wei ZhiXiong , Hu DanQing , Ke YiLang , Jiang Qiong , Fang Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdropin, a secreted protein, coded by energy homeostasis-associated gene (Enho), is recently reported to modulate atherogenesis, with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) involved in the early process. We explored whether adropin may alleviate atherosclerosis by regulating EndMT. We found that an intraperitoneal injection of adropin [105 μg/(kg·d) for 13 weeks] inhibited the progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced aortic atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE–/–) and those with double gene deletion (ApoE–/–/Enho–/–), as detected by Oil Red O and haematoxylin-eosin staining. In the aortas of ApoE–/– mouse, adropin treatment ameliorated the decrease in the mRNA expression of endothelial cell markers (leukocyte differentiation antigen 31, CD31, and vascular endothelial cadherin, VE-cadherin), but increased that of EndMT markers (alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA, and fibroblasts specific protein-1). In vitro, an adropin treatment (30 ng/ml) arrested the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced EndMT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), attenuated the morphological changes of HUVECs, reduced the number of immunofluorescence-positive α-SMA, increased the mRNA and protein expressions of CD31 and VE-cadherin, and decreased those of α-SMA. Furthermore, the adropin treatment decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2, and suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream signal protein Smad2/3 in HUVECs. These mitigative effects of adropin on H2O2-induced EndMT were reversed by the transfection of TGF-β plasmid. The findings signify that adropin treatment may alleviate the atherosclerosis in ApoE–/–/Enho–/– mice by inhibiting EndMT via the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
Heat shock protein DNAJA2 regulates transcription-coupled repair by triggering CSB degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy
Authors: Huang Yaping , Gu Liya , Li Guo-Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTranscription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) is an important genome maintenance system that preferentially removes DNA lesions on the transcribed strand of actively transcribed genes, including non-coding genes. TC-NER involves lesion recognition by the initiation complex consisting of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB), followed by NER-catalyzed lesion removal. However, the efficient lesion removal requires the initiation complex to yield the right of way to the excision machinery, and how this occurs in a timely manner is unknown. Here we show that heat shock protein DNAJA2 facilitates the HSC70 chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) to degrade CSB during TC-NER. DNAJA2 interacts with and enables HSC70 to recognize sumoylated CSB. This triggers the removal of both CSB and Pol II from the lesion site in a manner dependent on lysosome receptor LAMP2A. Defects in DNAJA2, HSC70 or LAMP2A abolish CSB degradation and block TC-NER. Our findings discover DNAJA2-mediated CMA as a critical regulator of TC-NER, implicating the DNAJA2-HSC70-CMA axis factors in genome maintenance.
HIV-1 diverts cortical actin for particle assembly and release
Authors: Dibsy Rayane , Bremaud Erwan , Mak Johnson , Favard Cyril , Muriaux Delphine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnveloped viruses assemble and bud from the host cell membranes. Any role of cortical actin in these processes have often been a source of debate. Here, we assessed if cortical actin was involved in HIV-1 assembly in infected CD4 T lymphocytes. Our results show that preventing actin branching not only increases HIV-1 particle release but also the number of individual HIV-1 Gag assembly clusters at the T cell plasma membrane. Indeed, in infected T lymphocytes and in in vitro quantitative model systems, we show that HIV-1 Gag protein prefers areas deficient in F-actin for assembling. Finally, we found that the host factor Arpin, an inhibitor of Arp2/3 branched actin, is recruited at the membrane of infected T cells and it can associate with the viral Gag protein. Altogether, our data show that, for virus assembly and particle release, HIV-1 prefers low density of cortical actin and may favor local actin debranching by subverting Arpin.
Autonomous and dynamic precursor selection for solid-state materials synthesis
Authors: Szymanski Nathan J. , Nevatia Pragnay , Bartel Christopher J. , Zeng Yan , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSolid-state synthesis plays an important role in the development of new materials and technologies. While in situ characterization and ab-initio computations have advanced our understanding of materials synthesis, experiments targeting new compounds often still require many different precursors and conditions to be tested. Here we introduce an algorithm (ARROWS3) designed to automate the selection of optimal precursors for solid-state materials synthesis. This algorithm actively learns from experimental outcomes to determine which precursors lead to unfavorable reactions that form highly stable intermediates, preventing the target material’s formation. Based on this information, ARROWS3 proposes new experiments using precursors it predicts to avoid such intermediates, thereby retaining a larger thermodynamic driving force to form the target. We validate this approach on three experimental datasets, containing results from over 200 synthesis procedures. In comparison to black-box optimization, ARROWS3 identifies effective precursor sets for each target while requiring substantially fewer experimental iterations. These findings highlight the importance of domain knowledge in optimization algorithms for materials synthesis, which are critical for the development of fully autonomous research platforms.
Self-promoted electroactive biomimetic mineralized scaffolds for bacteria-infected bone regeneration
Authors: Li Zixin , He Danqing , Guo Bowen , Wang Zekun , Yu Huajie , Wang Yu , Jin Shanshan , Yu Min , Zhu Lisha , Chen Liyuan , Ding Chengye , Wu Xiaolan , Wu Tianhao , Gong Shiqiang , Mao Jing , Zhou Yanheng , Luo Dan , Liu Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInfected bone defects are a major challenge in orthopedic treatment. Native bone tissue possesses an endogenous electroactive interface that induces stem cell differentiation and inhibits bacterial adhesion and activity. However, traditional bone substitutes have difficulty in reconstructing the electrical environment of bone. In this study, we develop a self-promoted electroactive mineralized scaffold (sp-EMS) that generates weak currents via spontaneous electrochemical reactions to activate voltage-gated Ca2+channels, enhance adenosine triphosphate-induced actin remodeling, and ultimately achieve osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by activating the BMP2/Smad5 pathway. Furthermore, we show that the electroactive interface provided by the sp-EMS inhibits bacterial adhesion and activity via electrochemical products and concomitantly generated reactive oxygen species. We find that the osteogenic and antibacterial dual functions of the sp-EMS depend on its self-promoting electrical stimulation. We demonstrate that in vivo, the sp-EMS achieves complete or nearly complete in situ infected bone healing, from a rat calvarial defect model with single bacterial infection, to a rabbit open alveolar bone defect model and a beagle dog vertical bone defect model with the complex oral bacterial microenvironment. This translational study demonstrates that the electroactive bone graft presents a promising therapeutic platform for complex defect repair.
Eucalyptus torquata L. flowers: a comprehensive study reporting their metabolites profiling and anti-gouty arthritis potential
Authors: Ashour Rehab M. S. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Sobeh Mansour , Abdelfattah Mohamed A. O. , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Okba Mona M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGouty arthritis is one of the most common metabolic disorders affecting people. Plant based drugs can lower the risk of this health disorder. The anti-gouty potential of Eucalyptus torquata flowers methanol extract (ETME) was evaluated in vitro via measuring the inhibitory effects of five pro-inflammatory enzymes; xanthine oxidase (XO), hyaluronidase, lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenases COX-1, and COX-2, in addition to evaluating the inhibition of histamine release, albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization, tyrosinase, and protease inhibitory activities. Also, its antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP). HPLC–PDA-MS/MS was used to identify the metabolites in the tested extract. The latter exhibited substantial anti-arthritic properties in all assays with comparable potential to the corresponding reference drugs. HPLC–MS/MS analysis of this bioactive extract tentatively annotated 46 metabolites including phloroglucinols, gallic and ellagic acids derivatives, terpenes, flavonoids, fatty acids, and miscellaneous metabolites. Our study highlights the medicinal importance of E. torquata as an anti-gouty candidate and opens new avenues of gouty management.