bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 related messaging, beliefs, information sources, and mitigation behaviors in Virginia: a cross-sectional survey in the summer of 2020
Authors: Silverman Rachel A. , Short Danielle , Wenzel Sophie , Friesen Mary Ann , Cook Natalie E. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Conflicting messages and misleading information related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) have hindered mitigation efforts. It is important that trust in evidence-based public health information be maintained to effectively continue pandemic mitigation strategies. Officials, researchers, and the public can benefit from exploring how people receive information they believe and trust, and how their beliefs influence their behaviors.

Methods
To gain insight and inform effective evidence-based public health messaging, we distributed an anonymous online cross-sectional survey from May to July, 2020 to Virginia residents, 18 years of age or older. Participants were surveyed about their perceptions of COVID-19, risk mitigation behaviors, messages and events they felt influenced their beliefs and behaviors, and where they obtained information that they trust. The survey also collected socio-demographic information, including gender, age, race, ethnicity, level of education, income, employment status, occupation, changes in employment due to the pandemic, political affiliation, sexual orientation, and zip code. Analyses included specific focus on the most effective behavioral measures: wearing a face mask and distancing in public.

Results
Among 3,488 respondents, systematic differences were observed in information sources that people trust, events that impacted beliefs and behaviors, and how behaviors changed by socio-demographics, political identity, and geography within Virginia. Characteristics significantly associated (p < 0.025) with not wearing a mask in public included identifying as non-Hispanic white, male, Republican political identity, younger age, lower income, not trusting national science and health organizations, believing one or more non-evidence-based messages, and residing in Southwest Virginia in logistic regression. Similar, lesser in magnitude correlations, were observed for distancing in public.

Conclusions
This study describes how information sources considered trustworthy vary across different populations and identities, and how these differentially correspond to beliefs and behaviors. This study can assist decision makers and the public to improve and effectively target public health messaging related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future public health challenges in Virginia and similar jurisdictions.
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Almajirai Children in Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Tume Apityan , Kura Nasiru 
Published: January 2024

The paper examined the nutritional status of almajirai children in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Almajirai (singular -almajiri) are children who have left their parents from rural areas in Nigeria or migrated from neighboring African countries to big cities in Northern Nigeria to undergo training in Islamic knowledge. As a result of poverty, these children do not receive any support from their families or government. In other to survive, they move from house to house or popular motor parks in major cities in Nigeria begging for food to eat. It is in the light of the above that the paper examines the nutritional status of almajirai children in Zamfara State, Nigeria. The sample size of the study consisted of 385 almajiri children. Anthropometric measurements were be used as the instruments of data collection. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study indicated that there was no significant difference in the weight of Almajirai children across all the age categories. The hypothesis of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the almajiri children suffering from stunted growth, underweight and wastage in Zamfara State. The mean difference suggests that the malnutrition was more severe in Kaura Namoda than any other local government given that it has the highest mean difference of 1. 3618. The paper concludes that an average almajiri child in Zamfara State is malnourished. The recommends that almajiri children should be included into the Federal Government school feeding programme so that they can have access to good nutritional food and formal education for a better future.
An Evaluation of G20’s Stand on Environment and Climate Change Adaption: A Critical Review
Authors: Mutluri Abraham , Nagisetty Lakshmi Narayana , Aduri Samuel John 
Published: January 2024

Environment play significant role in the growth and development of the People and Nations at all levels with better sustainability. The aim of this article is to evaluate the G20 summits held in the world stand of the environment and climate change adaptation and also presents discussions, outcomes of G20 meeting held in New Delhi – India on 9th and 10th of September 2023. The more focus of this article is environment and climate change adaptation. It is a latest topic and very few studies were conducted on this topic, so that the researcher presented the G20summit stand on environment and climate change adaptation. Methodology: This article is prepared with secondary data, available in the books, reports, research papers and online libraries like Google Scholar, J-Gate Plus, Research Gate, Academia, Mendeley and Google. Results: The G20 Summit presided over by India brought new initiatives and funds for climate change mitigation and adaptation for developing healthy and eco-friendly environment. The Biofuel alliance and climate change fund by the United Kingdom are the major achievements at the G20 summit held in India. Announcement of G20 Satellite for environment and climate observation is great initiative born in G20 summit. The leaders attended from various Countries agreed to work on green and low-carbon energy technologies including mechanics like wind turbines, solar panels, biomass systems and carbon capture equipment giving priority for the Non-Conventional type of Energies. These technologies supports the use of natural resources which provide less pollution and promote a green climate which further supports for the achievement of the targets and indicators of Sustainable Development Goals.
Non‐linear adaptive control of a heat exchanger
Authors: Fink Alexander , Nelles Oliver , Fischer Martin , Isermann Rolf 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this contribution, two methods for adaptation of non‐linear adaptive controllers are presented and compared, namely the data‐driven and the knowledge‐based adaptation. A dynamic Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is utilized to model the non‐linear process behaviour. Based on this model, a non‐linear predictive controller is designed to control the process. In the presence of time‐variant process behaviour and changing unmodelled disturbances, high control performance can be achieved by performing an on‐line adaptation of the fuzzy model. First, a local weighted recursive least‐squares algorithm is used for adaptation. It exploits the local linearity of the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model. In the second approach, process knowledge that is obtained from theoretical insights is utilized to design a knowledge‐based adaptation strategy. Both approaches are compared and their effectiveness and real‐world applicability are demonstrated by application to temperature control of a heat exchanger. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Market concentration and vertical coordination in the pork industry: Implications for public policy analysis
Authors: Paarlberg Philip L. , Haley Mildred M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractConcentration in the pork industry has increased and spawned concerns over market power. Agricultural policy instruments operate differently under imperfect competition. This article analyzes the impacts of policy instruments when the pork industry is assumed to be imperfectly competitive. The arguments are made that policy instruments can be categorized into those with impacts independent of market conduct and those with impacts dependent on market conduct. If the policy objective is to raise swine grower welfare, markets need to remain open to trade, the use of quantitative policy instruments should be avoided, and domestic subsidies to packers must be effective. [Econ Lit citation: L130, L660, Q118] © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis following childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Raj Ashok , Bendon Robert , Moriarty Thomas , Suarez Carlos , Bertolone Salvatore 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells of unknown etiology that results in a range of clinical manifestations. LCH has been known to be associated with a variety of malignant diseases. A 7‐year‐old boy was treated for standard‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at age 2 years, on a Children's Cancer Group chemotherapy protocol for 3 years and developed LCH 2 years after completion of chemotherapy. The case and a review of literature on the association of LCH and ALL are presented. Am. J. Hematol. 68:284–286, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous teeth: Explaining variation in prevalence in western india
Authors: Lukacs John R. , Walimbe Subhash R. , Floyd Bruce 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study is based on seven samples of school children (n = 516) from rural (five groups) and urban (two groups) settings in western Maharashtra, India. Height and weight were recorded for each subject. Intra‐oral observation of the labial surface of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth was conducted with a low power (3×) illuminated hand lens. Presence of enamel hypoplasia was recorded on a dental chart by drawing the size and location of the defect on the affected tooth. Data analysis was conducted in two stages: 1) Enamel hypoplasia (EH) prevalence was analyzed by percentage of teeth and by percentage of individuals affected for the composite sample and independently for each study group and 2) an assessment of the relationship between anthropometric variables (height and weight), socio‐economic status (SES), and localized hypoplasia of primary canines (LHPC; Skinner, 1986) was evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. EH was observed less often in deciduous incisors (0.2% in di2 to 2.5% in di2) than in deciduous canines (dc). Mandibular dc were affected with the greatest frequency (23.1%, tooth count). The overall individual count prevalence of dc hypoplasia (LHPC) is 26.2% (134/511) for all village samples and sexes combined. Difference in LHPC frequency by sex is non‐significant, with males (24.7%, 70/284) and females (28.2%, 64/227) exhibiting nearly equal values. Significant inter‐group variation in LHPC prevalence was documented among the seven groups, and the range of LHPC prevalence the among living groups exceeds variability in LHPC among four prehistoric Chalcolithic skeletal series of the Deccan Plateau. Multiple regression analysis revealed no significant relationship between height‐for‐age or weight‐for‐age in four school samples (two urban/two rural), but a significant association between stature and LHPC was found for three rural endogamous groups. Children with LHPC were significantly shorter by 1.5 cm than children who lacked the defect after controlling for differences in age. While the association between low birth weight and EH is strong and well documented clinically, the association between childhood stature and LHPC is more variable across groups and may reflect inter‐group variation in the duration and intensity of environmental stress. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:788–807, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonhuman primate hybridization and the taxonomic status of Neanderthals
Authors: Schillaci Michael A. , Froehlich Jeffery W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present study examines the taxonomic status of Middle Paleolithic Neanderthals by comparing their observed minimum genetic divergence from Upper Paleolithic modern humans in Europe with that observed between macaque species from Sulawesi that are known to hybridize and fully intergrade in the wild. The genetic divergence, and differentiation between Neanderthals and Upper Paleolithic modern humans, as indicated by pairwise minimum genetic distances and FST values calculated from the estimated minimum genetic relationship (R) matrix derived from craniometric data, are significantly greater than those observed both between hybridizing and noninterbreeding Sulawesi macaque species, suggesting that mate recognition and the possibility of gene flow between Neanderthals and Upper Paleolithic modern humans might have been greatly reduced. These results support a species‐level taxonomic distinction for the Neanderthals as suggested by proponents of the replacement model. Furthermore, assumptions regarding the monophyletic origin of modern humans from outside Europe are likely valid. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:157–166, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large‐scale, multicenter study of cerebrospinal fluid tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 for the antemortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Itoh Nobuo , Arai Hiroyuki , Urakami Katsuya , Ishiguro Koichi , Ohno Hideto , Hampel Harald , Buerger Katharina , Wiltfang Jens , Otto Markus , Kretzschmar Hans , Moeller Hans‐Juergen , Imagawa Masaki , Kohno Hideki , Nakashima Kenji , Kuzuhara Shigeki , Sasaki Hidetada , Imahori Kazutomo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe surveyed a total of 570 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 236), non‐AD‐demented and nondemented diseases (n = 239), and normal controls (n = 95) to quantitate levels of tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 (CSF/phospho‐tau199) by a recently established sandwich ELISA. The CSF/phospho‐tau199 levels in the AD group were significantly elevated compared to those in all the other non‐AD groups. Receiver operating characteristics curves showed that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the AD group versus all the other non‐AD groups using the CSF/phospho‐tau199 were 85.2% and 85.0%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between CSF/phospho‐tau199 and CSF/total‐tau levels in the AD group. Elevated CSF/phospho‐tau199 in the AD group was noted irrespective of age, gender, dementia severity, and number of apolipoprotein E4 alleles. Thus, we suggest that CSF/phospho‐tau199 may be a novel and logical biomarker in supporting antemortem diagnosis of AD.
Blinded positron emission tomography study of dopamine cell implantation for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nakamura Toshitaka , Dhawan Vijay , Chaly Thomas , Fukuda Masafumi , Ma Yilong , Breeze Robert , Greene Paul , Fahn Stanley , Freed Curt , Eidelberg David 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe assessed nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled surgical trial of embryonic dopamine cell implantation. Forty PD patients underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]fluorodopa (FDOPA) prior to randomization to transplantation or placebo surgery. The 39 surviving patients were rescanned 1 year following surgery. Images were quantified by investigators blinded to treatment status and clinical outcome. Following unblinding, we determined the effects of treatment status and age on the interval changes in FDOPA/PET signal. Blinded observers detected a significant increase in FDOPA uptake in the putamen of the group receiving implants compared to the placebo surgery patients (40.3%). Increases in putamen FDOPA uptake were similar in both younger (age ≤60 years) and older (age >60 years) transplant recipients. Significant decrements in putamen uptake were evident in younger placebo‐operated patients (–6.5% ) but not in their older counterparts. Correlations between the PET changes and clinical outcome were significant only in the younger patient subgroup (r = 0.58). The findings suggest that patient age does not influence graft viability or development in the first postoperative year. However, host age may influence the time course of the downstream functional changes that are needed for clinical benefit to occur.
Behaviour of organoarsenic compounds in contact with natural zeolites
Authors: Elizalde‐González María P. , Mattusch J. , Wennrich R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBatch experiments were conducted on aqueous solutions containing arsenite, arsenobetaine, methylarsonic acid or phenylarsonic acid in contact with natural zeolites to examine their interaction. The concentration of the arsenic species in the liquid phase at equilibrium before and after contact was measured by means of liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. Clinoptilolites completely removed arsenobetaine from the solution and the resulting amounts of dimethylarsinic acid were detected. The methylarsonic acid maximum concentration diminution was reached at a mass—to volume V value of m/V = 0.2. Phenylarsonic acid solution decreased its concentration 75% after treatment with clinoptilolites. Untreated mordenites in contact with arsenite solutions led to the formation of arsenate, whereas acid‐washed mordenites practically removed arsenobetaine and were less effective for methylarsonic acid. To show the incompatibility of molecular dimensions with the zeolite windows, the molecular parameters of surface area, molecular volume, molecular length, and the width and depth of arsenite, arsenate and a series of ten organic arsenic compounds were calculated. Since sorption onto the external zeolite surface rather than a sieve process defined the interaction, an acid‐catalysed reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the transformation results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acid anhydrides as alternatives to acid chlorides in the palladium‐catalyzed reaction with silacyclobutanes
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi , Yamashita Masakazu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed reaction of acid anhydrides with silacyclobutane gives a mixture of cyclic silyl enol ether, carboxy(propyl)silane, and 3‐(carboxysilyl)ketone. In the presence of N,N‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimido (DCC), the reaction preferentially provides a cyclic silyl enol ether in a good yield. In addition, the palladium‐catalyzed reaction of benzoic acid with silacyclobutane in the presence of two equivalents of DCC also affords a cyclic silyl enol ether in a moderate yield. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The synthesis of new chiral rhodium complexes and their crystal structures
Authors: Shi Min , Lei Gui‐Xin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo novel chiral rhodium complexes were successfully synthesized from the reaction of chiral bidentate nitrogen ligands with RhCl3·3H2O in ethanol under reflux. Their unusual crystal structures were unambiguously obtained by X‐ray analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caveolar and intercellular channels provide major transport pathways of macromolecules across vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Ogawa Kazushige , Imai Masaki , Ogawa Tokiko , Tsukamoto Yasuhiro , Sasaki Fumihiko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSerum macromolecules are transported through the vascular endothelial layer to the interstitium via the caveolae and interendothelial clefts, but the nature of the permeability of these structures is unknown, and the manner of caveola‐vesicle transport is controversial. We have developed a method of detecting macromolecular channels using an in situ HRP perfusion into arteries previously perfused with aldehyde and random conventional sectioning for electron microscopy. Using unbiased morphometry, 4.75% of the abluminal caveolae and 15.13% of the intercellular clefts were the tracer‐positive in rat aortic endothelium. In rat aortas treated with N‐ethylmaleimide, all caveolae and most free vesicles in the cytoplasm except those around the Golgi area were HRP‐positive in the endothelial cells; 1.48% of abluminal caveolae were structurally recognized as caveolar channels through the endothelial layer in a plane of single section. The length density of the abluminal caveolae was decreased to about 80% to the physiological control level whereas the larger invaginations were more frequently observed. Moreover 96.17% of the intercellular clefts were HRP‐positive. We suggest that a flexible channel‐system functions extensively as a macromolecular transport pathway in the arterial endothelium in vivo because the tracer‐labeled abluminal caveolae and intercellular clefts should be opened to the luminal surfaces methodologically. We therefore propose that caveolar channels, rather than transcytosis, provide a mechanism of caveola‐vesicle transport in the endothelial cells, because free vesicles involved in transcytosis were few in number. Anat Rec 264:32–42, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of a single copy gene on a mitotic metaphase chromosome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the sawfly, Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Matsumoto Kouhei , Yamamoto Daisuke S. , Sumitani Megumi , Lee Jae Min , Hatakeyama Masatsugu , Oishi Kugao 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMitotic metaphase chromosomes of Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera) haploid males were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using an rDNA probe and two vitellogenin (Vg) cDNA probes (one representing the 5′ half and the other the 3′ half of the gene, each about 3 kb long, and together covering the entire coding region). The rDNA probe produced signals in four chromosomes, all in pericentromeric regions (haploid chromosome number = 8), and the Vg probes, either the combined probes or the 3′ region alone, produced a twin signal in the middle of a chromosome arm of a single chromosome. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 49:34–40, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Location analysis of DNA‐bound proteins at the whole‐genome level: untangling transcriptional regulatory networks
Authors: Nal Béatrice , Mohr Elodie , Ferrier Pierre 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this post‐sequencing era, geneticists can focus on functional genomics on a much larger scale than ever before. One goal is the discovery and elucidation of the intricate genetic networks that co‐ordinate transcriptional activation in different regulatory circuitries. High‐throughput gene expression measurement using DNA arrays has thus become routine strategy. This approach, however, does not directly identify gene loci that belong to the same regulatory group; e.g., those that are bound by a common (set of) transcription factor(s). Working in yeast, two groups have recently published an elegant method that could circumvent this problem, by combining chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA microarrays.(1,2) The method is likely to provide a powerful tool for the dissection of global regulatory networks in eukaryotic cells. BioEssays 23:473–476, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system: nuclear genes and human genetic diseases
Authors: van den Heuvel Lambert , Smeitink Jan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe ubiquitous nature of mitochondria, the dual genetic foundation of the respiratory chain in mitochondrial and nuclear genome, and the peculiar rules of mitochondrial genetics all contribute to the extraordinary heterogeneity of clinical disorders associated with defects of oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondrial encephalomyopathies). Here, we review recent findings about nuclear gene defects in isolated OXPHOS enzyme complex deficiency. This information should help in identifying patients with mitochondrial disease and defining a biochemical and molecular basis of the disorder found in each patient. This knowledge is indispensable for accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis, and is a prerequisite for the development of rational therapies, which are still, at present, woefully inadequate. BioEssays 23:518–525, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.