bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Prostate Cancer–Specific Survival After Radiation Therapy for Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: D’Amico Anthony V. , Cote Kerri , Loffredo Marian , Renshaw Andrew A. , Schultz Delray 
Published: November 2002

PURPOSE: Identifying pretreatment and posttreatment predictors of time to prostate cancer–specific death (PCSD) after external-beam radiation therapy (RT) was the subject of this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the ability of the pretreatment risk group to predict time to PCSD for 381 patients who underwent RT for clinically localized prostate cancer. Posttreatment factors analyzed for the 94 patients who experienced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure included the time to PSA failure, the posttreatment PSA doubling time (DT), and the timing of salvage hormonal therapy. RESULTS: Despite the median age of 73 years at diagnosis, 45% of patients with high-risk disease were estimated to die from prostate cancer within 10 years after RT compared with 0% (P = .004) and 6% (P = .05) for patients with low- or intermediate-risk disease, respectively. Predictors of time to PCSD after PSA failure included PSA DT (P = .01) and delayed use of hormonal therapy (P ≤ .002). Nearly identical estimates of PCSD and all-cause death after PSA failure were noted for patients with a short PSA DT (ie, ≤ 12 months). CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer was a major cause of death during the first decade after RT for patients with clinically localized but high-risk disease, and the cause of death for patients with a short PSA DT after RT was nearly always prostate cancer. These data provide evidence to propose the hypothesis that a short posttreatment PSA DT may serve as a possible surrogate for PCSD. Prospective validation is needed.
Mental Health Service Use Among Adult Cancer Survivors: Analyses of the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Hewitt Maria , Rowland Julia H. 
Published: November 2002

PURPOSE: Analyses were conducted to obtain national estimates of mental health service use, unmet need for such services, and the prevalence of mental health problems among individuals reporting a cancer history. METHODS: Of a nationally representative sample of 95,615 adults in the United States interviewed as part of the 1998, 1999, and 2000 National Health Interview Survey, 4,878 reported a history of cancer (excluding superficial skin cancer). Analyses assessed whether cancer survivors relative to those without a self-reported history of cancer had increased use of mental health services and had increased reports of unmet need for such services. Analyses were also conducted to ascertain demographic and health characteristics associated with service use and unmet need. RESULTS: Compared with individuals without a cancer history, cancer survivors reported significantly greater contact in the past year with a mental health provider (7.2% v 5.7%). Cancer survivors were more likely to have used mental health services (odds ratio, 1.60 among those without other chronic illnesses and 3.04 among those with other chronic illnesses), and mental health service use was significantly greater among those who were under age 65 and diagnosed at younger ages, were formerly married, or had other comorbid chronic conditions. If all cancer survivors with mental health problems or who needed but could not access mental health services due to cost had received such care, mental health service use would have increased from 7.2% to 11.7%, a 62% increase in use. CONCLUSION: Cancer seems to be one of several chronic illnesses that precipitates the need for and use of mental health services. Improvements are needed in recognizing mental health problems among cancer survivors and reducing barriers to psychosocial service use.
Phase II and Pharmacologic Study of Weekly Oral Paclitaxel Plus Cyclosporine in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kruijtzer C.M.F. , Schellens J.H.M. , Mezger J. , Scheulen M.E. , Keilholz U. , Beijnen J.H. , Rosing H. , Mathôt R.A.A. , Marcus S. , van Tinteren H. , Baas P. 
Published: November 2002

PURPOSE: A phase II study was performed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of oral cyclosporine (CsA) plus paclitaxel in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive or previously treated patients (one regimen) with measurable disease and World Health Organization performance status ≤ 2 were eligible. Oral paclitaxel was given weekly in a dose of 90 mg/m2 bid. CsA (10 mg/kg) was given 30 minutes before each dose of oral paclitaxel. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with a median age of 54 years (range, 32 to 77 years) were entered onto this study. Eighteen patients (69%) had received one prior chemotherapy regimen. The most frequently recorded toxicities were as follows: National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria grade 3 neutropenia, eight patients (31%); grade 4, six patients (23%); grade 4 febrile neutropenia, three patients (12%); grade 2/3 neurotoxicity, three patients (12%); and grade 2 nail changes, four patients (15%). The overall response rate (ORR) of the 23 assessable patients was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10% to 48%). In the intention-to-treat population, the ORR was 23% (95% CI, 9% to 44%). The median time to progression was 3.5 months (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.9 months), and median overall survival was 6.0 months (95% CI, 2.3 months to not available). Pharmacokinetics revealed that the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of oral paclitaxel was 5.0 ± 2.3 μmol/L/h in week 1 and 4.6 ± 2.0 μmol/L/h in week 2, with interpatient variabilities (coefficient of variation [%CV]) of 45% and 42%, respectively. The intrapatient variability (%CV) of the AUC was 14.5%. CONCLUSION: Oral paclitaxel plus CsA is active and safe in advanced NSCLC, including in patients previously treated with chemotherapy.
Risk Group Assessment and Clinical Outcome Algorithm to Predict the Natural History of Patients With Surgically Resected Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zisman Amnon , Pantuck Allan J. , Wieder Jeffery , Chao Debby H. , Dorey Fredrick , Said Jonathan W. , deKernion Jean B. , Figlin Robert A. , Belldegrun Arie S. 
Published: November 2002

PURPOSE: To create a comprehensive algorithm that can predict postoperative renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patient outcomes and response to therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed with outcome assessment on the basis of chart review of 814 patients who underwent nephrectomy between 1989 and 2000. At diagnosis, M1 or N1/N2M0 metastatic disease (M) was present in 346 patients (43%), whereas 468 patients had no metastatic disease (NM) (N0M0). On the basis of UCLA Integrated Staging System category and the presence of metastases, patients were divided into low-risk (LR), intermediate-risk (IR), and high-risk (HR) groups. Decision boxes integrating tumor-node-metastasis staging, tumor grade, and performance status were compiled for determining a patient’s risk group. RESULTS: NM-LR patients had 91% disease-specific survival at 5 years, lower recurrence rate, and better disease-free survival compared with NM-IR and HR patients. Disease progressed in 50% of NM-HR patients. Disease-specific survival of NM-HR patients who received immunotherapy (IMT) for recurrent disease was similar to that of M-LR patients treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy and adjuvant IMT. Time from recurrence to death for NM-HR patients was inferior to that for M-LR patients. After IMT, approximately 25% of M-LR and 12% of M-IR patients had long-term progression-free survival. M-HR patients did poorly despite IMT. CONCLUSION: Stratifying RCC patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk subgroups provides a clinically useful system for predicting outcome and provides a unique tool for risk assignment and outcome analysis. Subclassifying RCC into well-defined risk groups should allow better patient counseling and identification of both NM-HR subgroups that need adjuvant treatment and nonresponders who need alternative therapies.
Clinicopathologic Correlations of Genomic Gains and Losses in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Viardot Andreas , Möller Peter , Högel Josef , Werner Kirsten , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Ho Anthony D. , Ott German , Barth Thomas F.E. , Siebert Reiner , Gesk Stefan , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Döhner Hartmut , Bentz Martin 
Published: November 2002

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical relevance of genomic aberrations in follicular lymphomas (FLs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, we analyzed 124 biopsy samples of patients with FL using comparative genomic hybridization. RESULTS: In 87 cases (70%), genomic imbalances were detectable. The most frequent aberrations were gains of chromosome arms 7p (21 patients), 7q (21 patients), Xp (16 patients), 12q (15 patients), and 18q (14 patients) as well as losses on 6q (21 patients). Grades 2 and 3 according to the World Health Organization classification correlated with a more complex karyotype (P < .0001). In a subset of 82 patients, a comprehensive clinical data set was available. In a multivariate analysis including all clinical risk factors of the International Prognostic Index as well as genomic aberrations, the loss of material on chromosomal bands 6q25q27 was the strongest predictor of a shorter survival (P = .0001; hazard ratio, 6.5), followed by elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P = .0009; hazard ratio, 4.9), the presence of more than one extranodal manifestation (P = .017; hazard ratio, 4.2), and age greater than 60 years (P = .022; hazard ratio, 2.6). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that genomic aberrations may contribute significantly to risk assessment in patients with FL, the majority of whom are included in low-risk groups using established clinical prognostic scores.
DPC4/Smad4 Expression and Outcome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Biankin Andrew V. , Morey Adrienne L. , Lee C.-Soon , Kench James G. , Biankin Sandra A. , Hook Henry C. , Head Darren R. , Hugh Thomas B. , Sutherland Robert L. , Henshall Susan M. 
Published: November 2002

PURPOSE: Prognostic indicators in pancreatic cancer (PC) are poorly defined and difficult to quantify preoperatively, hence they may lead to inappropriate patient selection for treatment. We examined the protein expression of key cell-cycle regulatory and cell-signaling molecules that occur at high frequency in PC and assessed their relationship to clinicopathologic parameters, response to operative resection, and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified 348 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and assessed the influence of reported clinicopathologic prognostic factors and the expression of the cell-cycle regulatory genes p21WAF1/CIP1 (CDKN1A), cyclin D1 (CCND1), p53, and p16INK4A (CDKN2) and the cell-signaling molecule DPC4/Smad4 (MADH4) using immunohistochemistry in a subgroup of 129 patients. RESULTS: Independent prognostic factors in resected patients were tumor size greater than 45 mm (P = .0015), involvement of surgical margins (P < .0001), and perineural invasion (P = .014). Loss of DPC4/Smad4 expression cosegregated with resectability (P < .0001) and was associated with improved survival after resection (P < .0001), whereas resection did not improve survival in patients whose tumor expressed DPC4/Smad4 (P = .5). Aberrant expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1, p53, or p16INK4A was not associated with a difference in survival. CONCLUSION: Tumor size (> 45 mm), resection margin involvement, and perineural invasion were independent prognostic factors. Preoperative assessment of DPC4/Smad4 expression has potential as a prognostic indicator in patients with PC since resection did not benefit those patients whose cancers expressed DPC4/Smad4 and accurate assessment of DPC4/Smad4 expression, unlike tumor size, margin status, and perineural invasion, does not require resection.
Limiting factors in Escherichia coli fed‐batch production of recombinant proteins
Authors: Sandén Anna Maria , Prytz Ingela , Tubulekas Ioannis , Förberg Cecilia , Le Ha , Hektor Andrea , Neubauer Peter , Pragai Zoltan , Harwood Colin , Ward Alan , Picon Antonia , de Mattos Joost Teixeira , Postma Pieter , Farewell Anne , Nyström Thomas , Reeh Solvejg , Pedersen Steen , Larsson Gen 
Published: November 2002

AbstractFed‐batch production of recombinant β‐galactosidase in E. coli was studied with respect to the specific growth rate at induction. The cultivations were designed to induce protein production by IPTG at a glucose feed rate corresponding to high (μ = 0.5 h−1) or low (μ = 0.1 h−1) specific growth rate. Protein production rate was approximately 100% higher at the higher specific growth rate, resulting in the accumulation of β‐galactosidase up to 30% of the total cell protein. Transcription analysis showed that β‐galactosidase‐specific messenger RNA was immediately formed after induction (<5 min), but the amount was the same in both cases and was thus not the initial limiting factor. The content of ribosomes, as represented by rRNA, rapidly decreased with specific growth rate from a relative level of 100%, at the high specific growth rate, to 20% at the low specific growth rate. At high specific growth rate, ribosomes were additionally degraded upon induction due to the high production level. Translation therefore seemed to be the initial limiting factor of the protein synthesis capacity. The alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate increased at both high and low feed level inductions, indicating an induction‐forced starvation of charged tRNA and/or glucose. The altered physiological status was also detected by the formation of acetic acid. However, the higher production rate resulted in high‐level accumulation of acetic acid, which was absent at low feed rate production. Acetic acid production is thus coupled to the high product formation rate and is proposed to be due either to a precursor drain of Krebs cycle intermediates and a time lag before induction of the glyoxalate shunt, or to single amino acid overflow, since the model product is relatively poor in glycin and alanin. In conclusion, it is proposed that production at high specific growth rate becomes precursor‐limited, while production at low specific growth rate is carbon‐ and/or energy‐limited. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 158–166, 2003.
Thermodynamic parameters monitoring the equilibrium shift of enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis/synthesis reactions in favor of synthesis in mixtures of water and organic solvent
Authors: Deschrevel Brigitte , Vincent Jean‐Claude , Ripoll Camille , Thellier Michel 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe main strategy developed to shift the equilibrium state of a hydrolase‐catalyzed hydrolysis/synthesis reaction consists in reducing water activity by addition of organic solvents in the reaction medium. We have used several mixtures of water and 1,4‐butanediol, ranging from pure water to pure 1,4‐butanediol, to study the hydrolysis/synthesis reaction of the N‐Cbz‐L‐tryptophanyl‐glycineamide dipeptide, catalyzed by α‐chymotrypsin. In the presence of 1,4‐butanediol, α‐chymotrypsin also catalyzed the esterification reaction between this diol and N‐Cbz‐L‐tryptophan; this ester hydrolysis/synthesis reaction has thus also been examined. The dipeptide and ester equilibrium concentrations increase when the water content of the reaction medium is decreased. Using our experimental data, we have determined the equilibrium constants of the hydrolysis/synthesis equilibria involving the nonionized forms of the protected amino acids, the estimated values of which are Ksp = 8 105 for the dipeptide and Kse = 78 for the ester respectively. They are true thermodynamic equilibrium constants, each related to a single, well‐defined reaction equilibrium and with water activity being taken into account. If an organic solvent is added to the reaction medium these equilibria can be shifted towards synthesis by decreasing the water activity but also by modifying the ionization/neutralization equilibrium constant of the ionizable groups. These two effects depend both on the water content and on the nature of the organic solvent used, and, in particular, on its dielectric constant. Because of the importance of this parameter in our study, we discuss using it as an indicator to select an appropriate organic solvent to perform an enzyme‐catalyzed synthesis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 167–177, 2003.
Coupling of chemical extraction and expanded‐bed adsorption for simplified inclusion‐body processing: Optimization using surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Choe Woo‐seok , Clemmitt Robert H. , Chase Howard A. , Middelberg Anton P. J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIntegration of the chemical extraction of recombinant inclusion‐body protein from Escherichia coli, and its recovery by metal‐affinity expanded‐bed adsorption (IMAC‐EBA) under denaturing conditions, was investigated. The viral coat protein L1 with a hexa‐histidine tag was expressed in Escherichia coli HMS174(DE3) as a model protein. Interference of released host DNA with adsorbent fluidization in the EBA step was solved by selective precipitation using spermine and low‐speed centrifugation. However, the capacity and selectivity of the adsorbent for L1 remained lower than anticipated. The binding of L1 to immobilized Ni2+ was therefore studied in detail using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The Tris buffer and ethylene‐diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) used in the extraction mixture were found to interfere significantly with the L1–Ni2+ interaction. The SPR studies suggest that L1 binding could be improved by replacing the Tris buffer with HEPES and by adding CaCl2 to inactivate the EDTA. The modified chemical extraction conditions resulted in effective L1 extraction from cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, at high cell density (OD600 = 80) and without the use of reducing agent, into a medium optimized for subsequent IMAC recovery. The modified buffer conditions resulted in an improved binding capacity and a good L1 purification factor (12.7) and recovery yield (71%). This work demonstrates that it is possible to reduce the complexity and hence the cost associated with traditional processes used to prepare purified denatured protein, ready for refolding, from cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 221–232, 2003.
Fine‐needle aspiration diagnosis of giant cell tumour of bone presenting at unusual sites
Authors: Jain Manjula , Aiyer Hema M. , Singh Monu , Narula M. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractGiant cell tumour (GCT) of bone is a distinctive neoplasm, which has only recently been included within the diagnostic purview of the cytopathologist. Four cases of GCT of bone diagnosed primarily and exclusively by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), presenting at unusual sites, are presented with a view to highlight the cytomorphologic features of this tumour and its differential diagnosis on FNAC. Each of these cases were distinctive by virtue of their localisation, but presented as classical expansile osteolytic lesions roentgenologically. Despite the paucity of literature regarding the cytodiagnosis of these lesions, the authors nevertheless recommend FNAC as a primary tool in the diagnosis of these lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:375–378. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells in lymph node aspirates in the absence of Hodgkin's disease: Pathologic significance and differential diagnosis
Authors: Iacobuzio‐Donahue Christine A. , Clark Douglas P. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe discuss nine cases identified at our institution with prominent Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells in fine‐needle aspiration of lymph nodes in patients without Hodgkin's disease. Cytomorphology was studied using Diff‐Quik and Papanicolaou‐stained smears and flow cytometric analysis was performed in all cases. Clinical and/or histopathologic follow‐up was reviewed. Of the nine cases, all were diagnosed as “atypical lymphoid proliferation” despite a negative flow cytometric analysis. Clinicopathologic follow‐up revealed that three cases evolved into malignant non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and one case into a posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The remaining five cases were benign in the follow‐up period also, of which one case was later diagnosed as an inflammatory pseudotumor. In two cases of reactive hyperplasia and in the inflammatory pseudotumor case, an in situ hybridization stain for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) was positive. The significance and differential diagnosis of Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells in lymph nodes in the absence of Hodgkin's disease is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:335–339. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of air gaps entrapped in protective clothing systems
Authors: Kim Young , Lee Calvin , Li Peng , Corner Brian D. , Paquette Steven 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAir gaps entrapped in protective clothing are known as one of the major factors affecting heat transfer through multiple layers of flexible clothing fabrics. The identification and quantification of the air gaps are two aspects of a multidisciplinary research effort directed toward improving the flame/thermal protective performance of the clothing. Today's three‐dimensional (3‐D) whole body digitizers, which provide accurate representations of the surface of the human body, can be a novel means for visualizing and quantifying the air gaps between the wearer and his clothing. In this paper we discuss how images from a 3‐D whole body digitizer are used to determine local and global distributions of air gaps and the quantification of air gap sizes in single and multilayer clothing systems dressed on a thermal manikin. Examples are given that show concordance between air gap distributions and burn patterns obtained from full‐scale manikin fire tests. We finish with a discussion of the application of air gap information to bench‐scale testing to improve the protective performance of current flame/thermal protective clothing. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of vapor concentration during boiling process of binary liquid mixtures
Authors: Utaka Yoshio , Takahashi Katsuaki , Tsuboi Takao 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe object of the study is to clarify experimentally the variation of the vapor concentration of binary mixtures generated during nucleate boiling in a saturated pool under various boiling conditions. The generated vapor concentrations in the bulk vapor layer were measured for binary mixtures of water‐ethanol and ethanol‐acetone under various liquid concentrations, heat fluxes, and liquid layer heights from heated thin wires at atmospheric pressure.Two methods of measuring concentration, namely, the dew point method and the laser absorption method, were used. The dew point measurement utilized a copper heat transfer block installed in the center of the vapor layer in the boiling vessel. The commencement of condensation on the surface was observed directly via a microscope used for determining the dew point by controlling its temperature. A laser light having a wavelength of 3.39 µm was used for the laser light absorption method utilizing its absorptive property against ethanol vapor.The measurement of the concentrations of the bulk vapor was carried out for various superheats of heated wires, the depth of liquid mixture layer, and the liquid concentrations. They were almost independent of those parameters and were almost in equilibrium with bulk liquid conditions even under higher surface superheats and lower liquid heights. Also, the measured results using both methods were in close agreement. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(8): 595–605, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10060