bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD 45 gating correlates with bone marrow differential
Authors: Rainer Robert O. , Hodges Leisa , Seltzer Gregory T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study we assess a flow cytometric gating method and its correlation with a concurrent manual bone marrow differential in abnormal marrows. Like normal bone marrow cells, leukemic blasts fall into discrete areas when a cytogram of CD 45 expression and Right Angle Light Scatter is plotted in Log scale. We studied 50 specimens with a suspected diagnosis of leukemia. Gates were set on the eight discrete clusters typically found in normal bone marrow. We employed these gates to determine the differential of the abnormal bone marrows. Our results show a high correlation between the flow differential and the manual differential with the following r values: blasts 0.875; promyelocytes 0.914; myeloid precursors 0.879; neutrophils 0.776; lymphocytes 0.707; monocytes 0.913; and erythroid precursors 0.873. In addition some leukemic infiltrates appear to produce a characteristic pattern with the CD 45 vs. RALS cytogram. In this study, there is a total of 6 cases (3 false positives and 3 false negatives) where the flow differential does not render the same diagnosis as the manual differential, and 4 cases in which there is evidence of marked peripheral contamination leading to disagreement between the two methods. This method provides a relatively easy and powerful tool which can be applied to all bone marrow specimens that undergo flow cytometric analysis. It can greatly enhance the identification and lineage assessment of leukemic blasts in the bone marrow. The correlation with a manual differential is high, and this gating method may provide an inexpensive and easy means of obtaining an automated bone marrow differential. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of flow and image cytometry for DNA content analysis of fresh and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue in breast carcinoma
Authors: Chen Tsuey‐Ling , Luo Ingrid , Mikhail Nagy , Raŝková Jana , Raŝka Karel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDNA ploidy and S‐phase fraction are considered to be prognostic variables in breast carcinoma. DNA content of 35 cases of breast carcinoma of varying histologic types and nuclear grades was analyzed by flow cytometry and image analysis in both fresh and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. Fresh cell and deparaffinized nuclear suspensions were used for flow cytometry. Fresh and deparaffinized tumor tissue samples were used for image analysis. The results of analysis for DNA ploidy, DNA index of DNA aneuploid G0/G1 peaks, and S‐phase fraction were compared in different tissue preparations for both techniques. The two techniques produced comparable DNA ploidy results with both fresh and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. Sensitivity for detection of DNA aneuploidy was somewhat greater by image analysis, particularly in deparaffinized tissue. There was 89% agreement in detection of DNA aneuploidy by flow cytometry in fresh and paraffin‐embedded, formalin‐fixed tissue; the coefficients of variation of the DNA diploid G0/G1 peaks were much wider in the latter. In image analysis there was 91% agreement between fresh and fixed specimens. Agreement between the flow cytometry and image analysis in fresh specimens was 91%; in deparaffinized nuclear suspensions it was 94%. There is a high degree of correlation between the values of DNA index of DNA aneuploid G0/G1 peaks; the estimates of S‐phase fraction are much more variable. Results also show a good correlation of the DNA ploidy with the nuclear grades. Results reconfirm that preferential loss of specific cell populations during processing together with sampling error and/or dilutional effect of normal cells present in cell suspensions should be considered in interpreting the results of flow cytometry and that sensitivity of image analysis for detection of near diploid DNA peaks is limited. We conclude that for detection of DNA aneuploid cell populations, a combination of both techniques is superior to either of them alone. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Standardization of absolute CD4+ lymphocyte counts across laboratories: An evaluation of the ortho CytoronAbsolute flow cytometry system on normal donors
Authors: Connelly Mark Carle , Knight Marilyn , Giorgi Janis V. , Kagan Jonathan , Landay Alan L. , Parker John W. , Page Eileen , Spino Cathie , Wilkening Cynthia , Mercolino Thomas J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Ortho CytoronAbsolute is a flow cytometer designed to provide direct absolute counts of lymphocytes and their subsets from a single instrument. This study was designed to determine the performance of four geographically separated CytoronAbsolute instruments using 24‐h‐old, shipped, whole blood samples and to compare the results obtained on the CytoronAbsolute to those obtained using combinations of hematology instruments and other flow cytometers. The absolute count feature of the CytoronAbsolutes located at the four sites were cross calibrated and gave across‐site coefficients of variation (CVs) of <4.0% for absolute count and 8.2% for absolute lymphocyte count. The calibration was stable for at least 2 months. Absolute lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte percentage immunophenotypes were determined on blood from 50 healthy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐seronegative donors. There were no significant site‐to‐site differences (each P > .05) in CD3+/CD4+ absolute lymphocyte counts determined on the CytoronAbsolute. In contrast, there was a significant site‐to‐site difference (P < .001) between sites 2 and 3 and sites 3 and 4 in the absolute CD3+/CD4+ lymphocyte counts determined via the conventional method of combining a flow cytometry‐derived percentage with a hematology instrument‐derived lymphocyte count. There was no significant difference (P = .388) in CD3+/CD4+ lymphocyte percent determinations between the CytoronAbsolute and the FACScan or Profile II flow cytometers used in this study. These results demonstrate that different operators can cross calibrate CytoronAbsolutes for absolute CD3+/CD4+ lymphocyte subset determinations, even over large geographic distances. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral γδ T‐cell population in HIV‐infected individuals with mycobacterial infection
Authors: Ruiz Phillip , Geraldino Nelson 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that γδ T cells can be increased in HIV‐l;1‐seropositive individuals, although characterization of γδ T cell subtypes and correlation with clinical status of these patients have not been performed. We investigated groups of adult HIV‐seropositive persons to determine the prevalence of elevated levels of γδ T cells and whether any γδ T cell subtypes were preferentially expressed. Since a large proportion of human γδ T cells appear to be reactive to proteins encoded by mycobacteria, we also examined our patients for the incidence of mycobacterial infection. Our results show that a significant number of HIV‐positive patients have an elevated number of γδ T cells in their peripheral blood as compared to normal controls. HIV‐seropositive patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of mycobacterial infection had statistically significant increases in the percentage and total numbers of γδ T cells over the HIV‐positive persons without mycobacterial infection. An examination of the subtypes of γδ T cells revealed that certain subtypes such as Vγδ9+ and Vδ2+ T cells were preferentially elevated in the mycobacteria‐positive patients. These results suggest that an increased number of γδ T cells in HIV‐positive patients is most often seen in the setting of an opportunistic mycobacterial infection and that specific γδ T cell subtypes are stimulated under these conditions. The role of these increased numbers of γδ T cells in HIV‐associated disease is unclear but is likely a component of the response and degree of host resistance to this organism. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical, biological, and immunophenotypical characteristics of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with trisomy 12 by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Tabernero Maria Dolores , San Miguel Jesus F. , Garcia Juan Luis , Garcia‐Isidoro Maria , Wiegant Joop , Ciudad Juana , Gonzalez Marcos , Rios Agustin , Raap Anton , Orfao Alberto 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe clinical, biological, and immunophenotypical characteristics of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) patients with trisomy 12 detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a chromosome 12 alpha‐centromeric probe (D12Z3) were analyzed in the present study. From a total of 104 consecutive B‐CLL patients, 21 (20%) displayed trisomy 12, the percentage of trisomic cells ranging from 13% to 76%. From the clinico‐biological point of view, patients with trisomy 12 were associated with atypical CLL morphology (43% vs. 10%, P = 0.04) and BM diffuse pattern (75% vs. 25%, P = 0.02) together with increased WBC counts (141 ± 220 vs. 58 ± 67 × 109/L, P = 0.04). In contrast, no association was detected between the presence of trisomy 12 and other disease characteristics such as age, sex, clinical stage, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathies, haemoglobin levels and platelet counts, and the cell cycle distribution of PB leukocytes in both groups of patients.Trisomy 12 patients had a significantly higher expression of the FMC7 antigen both in percentage (34 ± 34% vs. 13 ± 20%, P = 0.02) and absolute numbers (29 ± 62 vs. 7 ± 17 × 109/L, P = 0.007). No major differences were found regarding the expression of mouse rosettes, CD19+, and CD19+ /CD5 + lymphocytes.Upon analyzing the correlations between the disease characteristics of trisomy 12 cases, significant associations were found between the percentage of trisomic cells and both the WBC count (r = 0.52, P = 0.02) and the PB lymphocyte count (r = 0.60, P = 0.007).In summary, our results show that although trisomy 12 in B‐CLL is not associated with the clinical stage, it correlates with several prognostic factors and other disease characteristics such as an atypical lymphocyte morphology BM diffuse pattern, high WBC counts, and FMC7 expression. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD43 and CD5 antibodies define four normal and neoplastic B‐cell subsets: A three‐color flow cytometric study
Authors: Lynch Edward F. , Jones Patricia A. , Swerdlow Steven H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCD43 antibodies are best known for identifying normal and neoplastic T cells and a subset of neoplastic B cells in paraffin sections. The frequency of nonneoplastic CD43 + B cells in different reactive settings, the proportion of B‐cell neoplasms with small CD43+ populations, and the relationship of CD43+ B cells to CD5+ B cells are less well established. CD43 and CD5 expression on normal and neoplastic CD19 + B cells was therefore studied in 138 specimens using three‐color flow cytometric analysis.CD43 and CD5 defined four normal B‐cell subsets (CD43 + CD5 +, CD43 + CD5−, CD43−CD5+, and CD43−CD5−). A significantly greater proportion of CD43+ B cells was found in cord blood and putative HIV + blood samples than in normal control bloods. B‐cell neoplasms derived from each of these four B‐cell subsets were identified, with CD43 +/CD5+ and CD43‐/CD5‐ neoplasms being most common. The predominant B‐cell population coexpressed CD43 alone in 2/39 neoplasms and CD5 alone in four. A minority of cases showed heterogeneous CD43 expression. The B cells in two of three posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders coexpressed CD43. B cells showed weaker CD43 staining than did T‐cells (relative fluorescence 0.38 ± 0.29).These findings support the concept that CD43 expression by neoplastic B cells is not an aberrant finding. CD43 expression on normal and neoplastic B cells is independent of CD5 expression even though CD43 and CD5 are frequently coexpressed. CD43 expression by B cells sometimes might be underestimated in paraffin sections because it is much weaker than on T cells. Although large discrete populations of CD43+ B cells were only identified in B‐cell neoplasms and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, increased proportions of CD43+ B cells were present in some benign settings. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of alloantibodies by flow cytometry: Relevance to clinical transplantation
Authors: Scornik Juan C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBefore an organ transplant is performed, donor–recipient compatibility must be established by a cross‐match in much the same way as it is done for blood transfusions. The target antigens in organ transplantation, however, are HLA rather than blood group molecules, and the target cells are lymphocytes instead of red cells. If antidonor antibodies are detected, it is important to know whether they are IgG or IgM, whether they recognize T and/or B cells, and whether the antibody reactivity is weak or strong. These test requirements are better met by flow cytometry than by the standard cytotoxicity technique. A growing body of evidence now indicates that flow cytometry can provide more sensitive and timely crossmatch information than cytotoxicity assays to decide whether or not a transplant should be done. Flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) is a new and evolving technique that has already been found to be extremely useful in the clinical transplantation setting, even though significant questions yet remain about the precision and reliability of using flow cytometry to quantify alloantibodies and about the limits of normal reactivity in the assay. This article reviews important technical details of the FCXM and its interpretation and clinical application in transplantation medicine. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intratumoral heterogeneity of DNA ploidy in breast carcinomas: A flow cytometric assessment of sampling techniques
Authors: Schvimer Michael , Lash Richard H. , Katzin William E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIntratumoral heterogeneity of DNA ploidy has been identified in breast carcinomas; however, optimal sampling methods have not been determined. In this study of 28 invasive breast carcinomas measuring more than 1.4 cm in greatest dimension, two different techniques for obtaining cells for flow cytometric DNA ploidy analysis were compared. Two solid pieces of tissue were taken from opposite halves of the tumor. A third sample was obtained by scraping multiple cut surfaces of the tumor. Heterogeneity of DNA ploidy was detected in 43% of cases. Most cases demonstrating heterogeneity contained multiple aneuploid populations. However, in five cases classification of the tumors as either DNA euploid or DNA aneuploid differed among samples. A total of 39 non‐diploid populations were detected in 23 of the cases. Thirty‐three (85%) were detected by scraping and 35 (90%) were detected in either one or both tissue pieces. Intratumoral DNA heterogeneity emphasizes the need for adequate sampling. The scraping technique was as effective in identifying aneuploid cell populations as the combined results of the two pieces of tissue and better than sampling a single piece of tissue. Scraping also offers the advantage of tissue conservation which may be critical when various analytic studies are performed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of fluorescence threshold triggering and high‐speed flow cytometry for rare event detection
Authors: Rehse Mark A. , Corpuz Stan , Heimfeld Shelly , Minie Mark , Yachimiak Diane 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA simple rare event detection method utilizing dual‐parameter flow cytometry is described, which allows quantitation of specific cellular events at the level of two cells in 107 total cells. Using a standard unmodified single laser flow cytometer sampling at a rate of 25,000 events/sec and a fluorescence discriminator, 107 total cells are processed in 7 min. The assay involves precise characterization of instrument flow rates to calculate total events processed by the cytometer rather than accumulate total events in computer memory. This method of detecting rare events is demonstrated by using a model system of breast cancer cells labeled with a metabolically activated dye and serially diluted into normal peripheral blood. Potential applications include validation of methods to detect minimum residual disease following myeloablative therapy, detection of any remaining tumor cells following purging methods, and validation of methods to detect circulating fetal cells in maternal blood. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Structural, and Magnetic Characterization of YCrMnO5
Authors: Alonso José A. , Martínez‐Lope María J. , Casais María T. , Martínez José L. , Pomjakushin Vladimir 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new oxide of nominal stoichiometry YCrMnO5 has been prepared in polycrystalline form by wet‐chemistry procedures followed by thermal treatments under high‐oxygen‐pressure conditions. This material has been characterized by X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction (NPD), magnetotransport and magnetization measurements. YCrMnO5 is isostructural with RMn2O5 oxides (R = rare earths); its crystal structure has been Rietveld refined from NPD data in the space group Pbam, and it contains infinite chains of(Cr,Mn)4+O6 octahedra sharing edges, linked together by (Mn,Cr)3+O5 pyramids and YO8 units. An important level of cationic disorder has been found between both metallic sites; the refined crystallographic formula is Y[Mn0.47(1)Cr0.53(1)]oct[Cr0.37(1)Mn0.63(1)]pyrO5. The magnetic susceptibility indicates the onset of magnetic ordering below Tc ≈ 85 K; the magnetization isotherms are characteristic of a weakly ferrimagnetic material reaching a net magnetization of0.25 μB/f.u. for H = 50 kOe. Low‐temperature NPD patterns do not exhibit any additional magnetic contribution, confirming that a long‐range magnetic ordering is not fully established. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Characterization by NMR Spectroscopy, X‐ray Analysis and Cytotoxic Activity of the Ruthenium(II) Compounds [RuL3](PF6)2(L = 2‐Phenylazopyridine or o‐Tolylazopyridine) and [RuL'2L''](PF6)2(L', L'' = 2‐Phenylazopyridine, 2,2'‐Bipyridine)
Authors: Hotze Anna C. G. , van der Geer Erwin P. L. , Kooijman Huub , Spek Anthony L. , Haasnoot Jaap G. , Reedijk Jan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTris(ligand) complexes [RuL3](PF6)2 (L = 2‐phenylazopyridine or o‐tolylazopyridine) and mixed ligand [RuL'2L''](PF6)2 (L' and L'' are 2‐phenylazopyridine or 2,2'‐bipyridine) have been synthesized, structurally characterized and investigated for cytotoxic activity. These complexes are important to study the hypothesis that the compound α‐[Ru(azpy)2Cl2] (azpy = 2‐phenylazopyridine) exhibits a high cytotoxicity due to its two cis chloride ligands, which might be exchanged for biological targets as DNA. Molecular structures of mer‐[Ru(azpy)3](PF6)2 (1) and mer‐[Ru(tazpy)3](PF6)2 (5) (tazpy = o‐tolylazopyridine) have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Series of complexes [RuL3](PF6)2 and [RuL'2L''](PF6)2 show interesting NMR spectroscopic data; e.g. the spectrum of mer‐[Ru(azpy)3](PF6)2 (1) shows extremely broadened resonances at room temp. but sharpened resonances at low temperature. In the 1H NMR spectra of compounds [Ru(azpy)2(bpy)]2+ and [Ru(bpy)2(azpy)]2+ (bpy = 2,2‐bipyridine), respectively, less broadened (room temp.) or completely sharp resonances (room temp.) occur in comparison to 1 (under same conditions). By selecting the right temperature and/or concentration, NMR spectra of these series of compounds have been resolved using 2D COSY and NOESY NMR spectroscopy. Remarkably, the cytotoxicity data against a series of human tumor cell lines (A498, EVSA‐T, H226, IGROV, M19, MCF‐7 and WIDR) show a moderate cytotoxicity for these series of tris(ligand) complexes. So, even though no chloride ligands are present in these tris(ligand) complexes, a considerable cytotoxic activity is observed. This would imply that the 2‐phenylazopyridine ruthenium(II) complexes act by a completely different mechanism than the well‐known cisplatin. This finding is important, because an anticancer compound acting via a different mechanism is a prerequisite in designing new anticancer drugs. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
New 2,2'‐Substituted 6,6'‐Dimethylbiphenyl Derivatives Inducing Strong Helical Twisting Power in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Holzwarth Richard , Bartsch Richard , Cherkaoui Zoubair , Solladié Guy 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNew optically active tetra‐ortho‐substituted biphenyl chiral dopants for nematic liquid crystals are described. It was shown, with respect to our previous results, that biphenyl chiral dopants bearing only mesogenic residues on their 2,2'‐positions and without any substituents on their 4,4'‐positions gave rise to very high twisting powers in nematic liquid crystals. This powerful and unconventional chiral dopant molecular architecture allowed the design of new tetra‐ortho‐substituted biphenyl derivatives, easier to prepare in optically active form. This simplification of the molecular architecture still affords chiral dopants for nematic liquid crystals with large helical twisting powers and allows more economical large‐scale preparation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase gene mutation assay: Follow‐up meeting of the international workshop on Genotoxicity testing—Aberdeen, Scotland, 2003—Assay acceptance criteria, positive controls, and data evaluation
Authors: Moore Martha M. , Honma Masamitsu , Clements Julie , Bolcsfoldi George , Burlinson Brian , Cifone Maria , Clarke Jane , Delongchamp Robert , Durward Robert , Fellows Michael , Gollapudi Bhaskar , Hou Saimei , Jenkinson Peter , Lloyd Melvin , Majeska Jenness , Myhr Brian , O'Donovan Michael , Omori Takashi , Riach Colin , San Richard , Stankowski Leon F. , Thakur Ajit K. , Van Goethem Freddy , Wakuri Shinobu , Yoshimura Isao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Mouse Lymphoma Assay (MLA) Workgroup of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT), comprised of experts from Japan, Europe, and the United States, met on August 29, 2003, in Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. This meeting of the MLA Workgroup was devoted to reaching a consensus on the appropriate approach to data evaluation and on acceptance criteria for both the positive and negative/vehicle controls. The Workgroup reached consensus on the acceptance criteria for both the agar and microwell versions of the MLA. Recommendations include acceptable ranges for mutant frequency, cloning efficiency, and suspension growth of the negative/vehicle controls and on criteria to define an acceptable positive control response. The recommendation for the determination of a positive/negative test chemical response includes both the requirement that the response exceeds a defined value [the global evaluation factor (GEF)] and that there also be a positive dose–response (evaluated by an appropriate statistical method). Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.