bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading for Meaning: The Influence of Reader Characteristics on Paragraph Understanding in Aphasia
Authors: Webster Janet , Morris Julie , Salis Christos , Howard David 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The study improves our understanding of the reading comprehension difficulties seen in people with aphasia. It investigates the influence of reader characteristics, including personal demographic variables, and linguistic and wider cognitive skills, on text comprehension.

Method:
Seventy-five people with aphasia and 87 neurologically typical readers completed a test of paragraph comprehension. People with aphasia also completed background tests of language, attention, recognition memory, and executive functions. The influence of demographic variables (age, gender, and level of education) was analyzed separately in the group of people with aphasia and the typical readers using analyses of variance. In the people with aphasia, the relationship between paragraph comprehension and the language and cognitive tests was explored using correlational analyses.

Results:
In the typical readers, there was a significant effect of gender and level of education and a significant three-way interaction. For the people with aphasia, there were no significant effects of demographic variables. Significant positive correlations were found between performance on paragraph comprehension and each of the language tests and with tests of auditory attention, executive functions, and recognition memory for words.

Conclusions:
In people with aphasia, the effects of demographic variables were overshadowed by the effect of their language difficulties. The association seen across language measures reflects the shared semantic representations across single-word, sentence, and text levels, across modalities. The study emphasizes the importance of attention, executive functions, and short-term memory in the comprehension of and memory for what we read. The contribution of both language difficulties and wider cognitive skills needs to be considered when planning intervention.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24695451
Detecting stellar activity cycles in p-mode travel times
Authors: Vasilyev V. , Gizon L. 
Published: December 2023

Context. The 11 yr solar cycle is known to affect the global modes of solar acoustic oscillations. In particular, p mode frequencies increase with solar activity.
Aims. We propose a new method to detect the solar cycle from the p-mode autocorrelation function, and we validate this method using VIRGO/SPM photometric time series from solar cycles 23 and 24.
Methods. The p-mode autocorrelation function shows multiple wavepackets separated by time lags of ∼123 min. Using a one-parameter fitting method (from local helioseismology), we measure the seismic travel times from each wavepacket up to skip number 40.
Results. We find that the travel-time variations due to the solar cycle strongly depend on the skip number, with the strongest signature in odd skips from 17 to 31. Taking the noise covariance into account, the travel-time perturbations can be averaged over all skip numbers to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio.
Conclusions. This method is robust to noise, simpler to implement than peak bagging in the frequency domain, and is promising for asteroseismology. We estimate that the activity cycle of a Sun-like star should be detectable with this new method in Kepler-like observations down to a visual magnitude of mK ∼ 11. However, for fainter stars, activity cycles are easier to detect in the photometric variability on rotational timescales.
Feeding and feedback processes in the Spiderweb proto-intracluster medium
Authors: Lepore M. , Di Mascolo L. , Tozzi P. , Churazov E. , Mroczkowski T. , Borgani S. , Carilli C. , Gaspari M. , Ginolfi M. , Liu A. , Pentericci L. , Rasia E. , Rosati P. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Anderson C. S. , Dannerbauer H. , Miley G. , Norman C. 
Published: December 2023

Context. We present a detailed analysis of the thermal, diffuse emission of the proto-intracluster medium (proto-ICM) detected in the halo of the Spiderweb Galaxy at z = 2.16, within a radius of ∼150 kpc.
Aims. Our main goal is to derive the thermodynamic profiles of the proto-ICM, establish the potential presence of a cool core and constrain the classical mass deposition rate (MDR) that may feed the nuclear and the star formation (SF) activity, and estimate the available energy budget of the ongoing feedback process.
Methods. We combined deep X-ray data from Chandra and millimeter observations of the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect obtained by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
Results. Thanks to independent measurements of the pressure profile from the ALMA SZ observation and the electron density profile from the available X-ray data, we derived, for the first time, the temperature profile in the ICM of a z >  2 protocluster. It reveals the presence of a strong cool core (comparable to local ones) that may host a significant mass deposition flow, consistent with the measured local SF values. We also find mild evidence of an asymmetry in the X-ray surface brightness distribution, which may be tentatively associated with a cavity carved into the proto-ICM by the radio jets. In this case, the estimated average feedback power would be in excess of ∼1043 erg s−1. Alternatively, the asymmetry may be due to the young dynamical status of the halo.
Conclusions. The cooling time of baryons in the core of the Spiderweb protocluster is estimated to be ∼0.1 Gyr, implying that the baryon cycle in the first stages of protocluster formation is characterized by a high-duty cycle and a very active environment. In the case of the Spiderweb protocluster, we are witnessing the presence of a strongly peaked core that is possibly hosting a cooling flow with a MDR up to 250–1000 M⊙ yr−1, responsible for feeding both the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) and the high star formation rate (SFR) observed in the Spiderweb Galaxy. This phase is expected to be rapidly followed by active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback events, whose onset may have already left an imprint in the radio and X-ray appearance of the Spiderweb protocluster, eventually driving the ICM into a self-regulated, long-term evolution in less than one Gyr.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser …
Authors: Schmidt Karlheinz 
Published: December 2023

Mikrobiom versus MakrobiomMit diesem Heft unserer „Ernährung & Medizin“ haben
wir dem Thema Mikrobiom, das ja derzeit hohe wissenschaftliche, aber auch
öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit genießt, einen gewissen Schwerpunkt
gewidmet. Mit dem Begriff Mikrobiom bezeichnet man die Vielzahl der Mikroorganismen,
die einerseits den Ursprung des Lebens und andererseits die
zahlenmäßig größte Biomasse auf der Erde
repräsentieren. Mikroorganismen sind ubiquitär, sodass wir
Mikrobiome im Boden, in den Weltmeeren, in der Atmosphäre, ja sogar unter
dem kilometerdicken grönländischen Eisschild oder in kochenden
Thermalquellen vorfinden.
Validierung und Reliabilitätsprüfung des „Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ)“
Authors: Giangreco Salvatore , Benz Thomas , Luomajoki Hannu , Felsch Quinten 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Verletzungen im Sport können für die Karriere eines Athleten schwerwiegende Folgen haben. Psychologische Faktoren spielen auf dem Weg von der Verletzung zum Wiedereinstieg in den kompetitiven Sport eine wichtige Rolle. Diese Faktoren werden oft ungenügend beurteilt, wodurch sich die Ausfallszeit verlängern kann. Mit dem Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) kann das Angstvermeidungsverhalten bei verletzten Athleten gemessen werden. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt gibt es noch keine deutsche validierte Version des Fragebogens.
Ziel Das Ziel dieser Studie ist, die Test-Retest-Reliabilität, die interne Konsistenz sowie die Konstruktvalidität der transkulturell übersetzten deutschen Version des AFAQ (AFAQ_D) bei verletzen Athletinnen und Athleten zu untersuchen.
Methode Die deutsche Version des AFAQ_D wurde mit dem TRAPD-Model übersetzt. Die Konstruktvalidität wurde mit Korrelationen zum Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) und zur Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) untersucht. Die interne Konsistenz wurde mittels Cronbach’s Alpha und die Test-Retest-Reliabilität mit dem Interklassen-Koeffizienten berechnet.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 64 Athletinnen und Athleten im Alter zwischen 16 und 36 Jahren (Ø 23,15 Jahre, ♀ 17%, ♂ 83%) nach verschiedenen Verletzungen eingeschlossen. Der AFAQ_D ergab gute Werte in der Reliabilität mit einem Cronbach’s Alpha von 0,76 (95%CI; 0,67–0,84) bei der ersten beziehungsweise 0,82 (95%CI; 0,76–0,88) bei der zweiten Messung und einem Interklassen-Koeffizienten von 0,798 (95%CI; 0,674–0,876). Die Validität ergab eine moderate Korrelation zwischen dem AFAQ_D und der TSK (r= 0,57, p<0.01) und eine schwache und nicht signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem AFAQ_D und dem FABQ (r = 0,13, p=0.31).
Schlussfolgerung Die deutsche Version vom AFAQ ist größtenteils ein valider und reliabler Fragebogen zur Beurteilung der Angstvermeidung, als auch der psychologischen Bereitschaft von Athletinnen und Athleten nach einer Verletzung. Die Korrelationen mit TSK und FABQ sind grob mit der Originalstudie vergleichbar.
Präanalytik biochemischer
Knochenumsatzparameter
Authors: Fassbender Walter , Willmann Birgit 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Präanalytik umfasst alle technischen und organisatorischen
Abläufe der Gewinnung und Lagerung von Proben, wie Blut oder Urin, und
deren sachgerechten Transport in ein für die gewünschte
Untersuchung geeignetes Labor. Ihr Stellenwert wird besonders dadurch
hervorgehoben, dass aktuell ein nicht unerheblicher Teil inkorrekter Laborwerte
auf Fehler in den präanalytischen Abläufen und nicht auf Fehler
im Labor zurückzuführen sind. Auch Knochenumsatzparameter, die
zur Beurteilung der Dynamik des Knochenstoffwechsels und dem Monitoring
metabolischer Knochenerkrankungen dienen, unterliegen, wie viele andere
Parameter auch, nicht nur patientenabhängigen Faktoren, sondern auch
Einflussgrößen wie beispielsweise Gabe von Medikamenten,
Variabilität von Tag zu Tag, saisonaler, interindividueller oder
intraindividueller Variation und einer zirkadianen Rhythmik. Die
Zuverlässigkeit und Vergleichbarkeit von Laborwerten lässt sich
also durch das Einhalten standardisierter präanalytischer
Abläufe entscheidend beeinflussen.
18F-Fluorocholine PET-CT Outshines Sestamibi Scintigraphy in Detecting Parathyroid Adenomas in the Background of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: Chandra Piyush , Nandy Dipayan , Saini Samir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUltrasonography neck and dual-phase 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) scan are standard imaging techniques for the detection of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism. However, in presence of coexistent thyroid disease or small size of adenomas, the accuracy of these imaging modalities is low and leads to delayed diagnosis. We here present a report of two patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and with a nondiagnostic MIBI scan, who subsequently underwent successful surgery after positive localization of adenomas on 18F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography.
High-temperature and high-pressure thermal property measurements of SiO2 crystals
Authors: Fan Xuanhui , Zhou Jing , Zhang Zhongyin , Zhang Kewen , Li Donghao , Tang Dawei , Zhu Jie 
Published: December 2023

The investigation of materials’ behavior under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, such as the correlation with structural characteristics and thermal properties, holds significant importance. However, the challenges associated with the experimental implementation have, to a certain extent, constrained such research endeavors. We utilized the ultrafast laser based non-contact thermal measurement method combined with an externally heated moissanite-anvil-cell to characterize the thermal conductivity of [10-10] oriented SiO2 crystals under high temperature (300–830 K) and high pressure (0–15 GPa) conditions. We investigated the impact of extreme conditions on the microstructure from both Raman spectroscopy and thermal perspectives. The presence of kinetic hindrances associated with the transformation of α-quartz to coesite and stishovite was identified and confirmed. It expands the comprehension and application of the SiO2 pressure–temperature phase diagram in this range and provides insights into the intricate relationship between extreme environments and material structure formation through the analysis of thermal characteristics.
Reddish-orange emitting Eu2−x
Gd
x
Ge2O7 pyrogermanate ceramic phosphors: synthesis and role of Eu3+/Gd3+ substitution on the optical features
Authors: Martins Guilherme M , Caixeta Fábio J , de Souza Vitor Dos S , Gonçalves Rogéria R , Dias Anderson 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, highly luminescent pyrogermanates were successfully synthesized through the solid-state reaction route, and the role of gradual Eu3+ substitution for Gd3+ on the structure and photoluminescent properties of Eu2−x
Gd
x
Ge2O7 pyrogermanates was investigated. Pure Eu2Ge2O7 ceramic is triclinic, belonging to the P1 (#1) space group, and by increasing the x values, the crystal structure changes with the partial substitution of Eu3+ ions by the Gd3+ ions into the chemical lattice. The other phase-pure ceramic, Gd2Ge2O7, belongs to the tetragonal P41212 (#92) space group. Complete solid solubility was attained for x ⩽ 1.6, where Gd3+ replaced Eu3+ in the triclinic structure. It was verified that the band gap energies are dependent on the crystalline structure, increasing as Gd replaced Eu in the Eu2−x
Gd
x
Ge2O7. The lowest band gap value (5.13 eV) was observed for the triclinic Eu2Ge2O7, and the highest one (5.88 eV) for the tetragonal Gd2Ge2O7. Highly intense reddish-orange emission (quantum efficiency up to 91.9%), through excitation at charge transfer band and Ln3+
f–f transitions were evaluated as the Gd substitution rises. Substitution-sensitive phase change at the nanoscale was monitored by Eu3+ emission, validating the presence of Eu3+ in the triclinic and/or tetragonal phase depending on the chemical composition (or the Gd3+/Eu3+ ratio). The chromaticity diagram figured out a reddish-orange emission, making them promising materials for high-entropy and photonic devices as solid-state lighting using excitation by near UV light-emitting devices.
Current–voltage characteristics in single layer SrIrO3 films deposited on LaAlO3(100) substrate
Authors: Chaurasia Rachna , Pramanik A K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Here, we investigate the structural and electrical properties on SrIrO3 films grown on LaAlO3 (100) substrate with varying thickness (18, 25 and 40 nm). The x-ray diffraction shows good quality epitaxial films without any chemical impurity. The out-of-plane lattice parameter increases with the film thickness. All the films show a semiconducting behavior where the resistivity increases with increasing thickness. Our analysis shows at high temperature the charge conduction mechanism follows Mott’s two-dimensional variable-range-hopping model. Detailed current–voltage (I–V) measurements show a linear Ohmic behavior at room temperature, however, a prominent deviation from linearity has been observed at low temperatures where the exponent n (

I
∝

V
n

) increases with decreasing temperature, reaching

n

∼

1.5 at low temperature. Analysis of I–V data indicates that the charge conduction has dominant contribution of Poole–Frenkel mechanism rather than Schottky behavior. This evolution of charge transport with temperature is quite intriguing which may be related to the development of low temperature magnetism in films of SrIrO3.
Reading recognition of pointer meters based on an improved UNet++ network
Authors: Huo Yonglong , Bai Hongyi , Sun Laijun , Fang Yanru 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pointer meters are widely used in modern industries, such as petrochemical applications, substations, and nuclear power plants. To overcome the reading errors and inaccurate measurements due to uneven or fluctuating illumination in practical applications, this paper proposes an improved UNet++ network for recognizing pointer meter readings. First, the scale invariant feature transform feature-matching algorithm is used to adjust the captured tilted meter images to a symmetrical and upright shape. Then, the UNet++ network is used to segment the scale and pointer regions in the dashboard to eliminate background interference. Furthermore, part of the convolution in the UNet++ network is replaced with dilated convolution with different expansion rates to expand the perceptual field during network training. In the UNet++ network jump connection, the attention mechanism module is also introduced in the path to enhance the region’s features to be segmented and suppress the parts of the non-segmented area. A hybrid loss function is used for the network model training to prevent the imbalance of the segmented region share. Finally, the distance method is used to read the gauge representation. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with that of the original UNet++ network in terms of feasibility and precision. The experimental results showed that the recognition reading accuracy was significantly improved by the enhanced network, with the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity reaching 98.65%, 84.33%, and 99.38%, respectively. Furthermore, when using the improved UNet++ network for numerical reading, the average relative error was only 0.122%, indicating its robustness in a natural environment.
Degradation state detection and local map optimization for enhancing the SOTIF of map-matching-based fusion localization system
Authors: Cao Lipeng , Luo Yugong , Wang Yongsheng , Chen Jian , He Yansong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In scenarios involving local map missing and local environmental changes, map-matching localization systems (MMLS) may experience degradation in localization due to the deficiency of texture and geometrical features. This consequently leads to a decrease in localization accuracy or divergence in a map-matching-based fusion localization system (MMBFLS). To address this issue and ensure the safety of the intended functionality of autonomous vehicles, this study proposes a degradation state detection and local map optimization-based fusion localization frame. To detect the degradation state of pose estimation in MMLS, the analysis of the mathematical mechanisms underlying the localization degradation in MMLS is conducted first. Subsequently, a degradation state detection method based on incremental matrix eigenvalue analysis is proposed, which leverages the magnitude of individual eigenvalues of the incremental matrix to determine the corresponding degradation state and isolates it accordingly. Furthermore, we employ sliding window-based factor graph optimization to maintain a local map that matches Light detection and ranging point clouds, compensating for the degraded states and thereby ensuring the localization performance of MMBFLS. Real-world sensor data is collected to validate the proposed method. The results indicate that the accuracy of the proposed degradation detection method reached as high as 94.67%. Moreover, the proposed localization framework can effectively ensure the localization accuracy of MMBFLS in typical highway scenarios.
Multi-step prediction of chlorophyll concentration based on adaptive graph-temporal convolutional network with series decomposition
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Hongbo , Li Xiao , Song Wenyang , Xv Chongxuan , Zhao Xueliang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chlorophyll concentration can well reflect the nutritional status and algal blooms of water bodies, and is an important indicator for evaluating water quality. The prediction of chlorophyll concentration change trend is of great significance to environmental protection and aquaculture. However, there is a complex and indistinguishable nonlinear relationship between many factors affecting chlorophyll concentration. In order to effectively mine the nonlinear features contained in the data. This paper proposes a time-series decomposition adaptive graph-time convolutional network prediction model. Firstly, the original sequence is decomposed into trend component and periodic component by moving average method. Secondly, based on the graph convolutional neural network, the water quality parameter data is modeled, and a parameter embedding matrix is defined. The idea of matrix decomposition is used to assign weight parameters to each node. The adaptive graph convolution learns the relationship between different water quality parameters, updates the state information of each parameter, and improves the learning ability of the update relationship between nodes. Finally, time dependence is captured by time convolution to achieve multi-step prediction of chlorophyll concentration. The validity of the model is verified by the water quality data of the coastal city Beihai. The results show that the prediction effect of this method is better than other methods. It can be used as a scientific resource for environmental management decision-making.
RUL prediction method for rolling bearing using convolutional denoising autoencoder and bidirectional LSTM
Authors: Yao Xuejian , Zhu Junjun , Jiang Quansheng , Yao Qin , Shen Yehu , Zhu Qixin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of rolling bearing plays an important role in maintaining the safety of the equipment. However, the data collected from industrial scene often contains noises, which affects the RUL prediction precision of rolling bearing. To overcome the above problem, a data-driven scheme for RUL prediction of rolling bearing is proposed based on convolutional denoising autoencoder (CDAE) and bidirectional long short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM). In the proposed method, the vibration signal is directly used as input of the prognostics network model. Then, a denoising network model based on CDAE is built to reduce the effect of noise. Through stacking the convolutional autoencoder, the noise component is automatically removed from the raw data. Finally, the network model based on Bi-LSTM is established to extract the high-dimensional degradation characteristics of bearing and estimate the RUL of the rolling bearing. The experimental results on the Xi’an Jiaotong University bearing dataset show that the proposed method has satisfied performance of RUL prediction.
Bromination of 2D materials
Authors: Freiberger Eva Marie , Steffen Julien , Waleska-Wellnhofer Natalie J , Hemauer Felix , Schwaab Valentin , Görling Andreas , Steinrück Hans-Peter , Papp Christian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The adsorption, reaction and thermal stability of bromine on Rh(111)-supported hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene were investigated. Synchrotron radiation-based high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed XPS allowed us to follow the adsorption process and the thermal evolution in situ on the molecular scale. On h-BN/Rh(111), bromine adsorbs exclusively in the pores of the nanomesh while we observe no such selectivity for graphene/Rh(111). Upon heating, bromine undergoes an on-surface reaction on h-BN to form polybromides (170–240 K), which subsequently decompose to bromide (240–640 K). The high thermal stability of Br/h-BN/Rh(111) suggests strong/covalent bonding. Bromine on graphene/Rh(111), on the other hand, reveals no distinct reactivity except for intercalation of small amounts of bromine underneath the 2D layer at high temperatures. In both cases, adsorption is reversible upon heating. Our experiments are supported by a comprehensive theoretical study. DFT calculations were used to describe the nature of the h-BN nanomesh and the graphene moiré in detail and to study the adsorption energetics and substrate interaction of bromine. In addition, the adsorption of bromine on h-BN/Rh(111) was simulated by molecular dynamics using a machine-learning force field.