bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Tumours of the Hand
Authors: CHAKRABARTI I. , WATSON J.D. , DORRANCE H. 
Published: June 2005

A 10-year retrospective study was performed in order to determine the incidence, distribution, histological type and behaviour of skin tumours of the hand that were referred to a regional Plastic Surgery unit. 85 patients were studied and 98 malignant or pre-malignant lesions identified. The majority were squamous cell carcinomas in male manual workers. Recurrence after excision was seen only in lesions greater than 1.5 cm in diameter. The overall incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the hand (requiring surgical excision) was seen to be five cases per million per year. Other skin tumours were rare.
Bilateral Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the Hand: Treatment with Dapsone
Authors: BROWN R. E. , LAY L. , GRAHAM D. 
Published: June 2005

The first reported case of bilateral pyoderma gangrenosum of the hands is presented. One lesion was treated with wound care only, with spontaneous healing after two months. The contralateral lesion which occurred one month later was treated with wound care and oral dapsone. Healing occurred between four and six weeks after the start of dapsone. It is suggested that this acts by limiting the necrotizing process, thus allowing earlier epithelialization. Pyoderma gangrenosum is rare, and treatment is non-surgical. It is important that it is recognized to avoid extension of the necrotizing process through ill-advised surgery.
Grip Strength and Hand Position of the Dynamometer in 204 Finnish Adults
Authors: HÄRKÖNEN R. , PIIRTOMAA M. , ALARANTA H. 
Published: June 2005

A primary purpose of this study was to establish data on hand strength by Jamar dynamometer for normal Finnish adults aged 30 to 50 years. A second aim was to find out how five various breadths of grip affect the strength value. A sample of 103 male and 101 female adults, aged 19 to 62, from the southern part of Finland were tested using standardized positioning and instructions. Male and female subjects reached the highest grip strength using the third handle breadth of dynamometer, except females over 50 years. Female grip strength was 60% to 70% less than male grip strength. There was no significant difference in strength between dominant and non-dominant hands.
Amputations in the Treatment of Dupuytren’s Disease
Authors: JENSEN C. M. , HAUGEGAARD M. , RASMUSSEN S. W. 
Published: June 2005

23 finger amputations in 19 patients operated on for Dupuytren’s disease were reviewed 6 months to 8.5 years after operation (mean 4 years). The distribution of amputations were 17 little fingers and six ring fingers. We found a recurrent lack of extension in nine out of 16 finger amputations distal to the MP joint and painful neuroma or phantom limb pain in five out of seven little finger amputations through or proximal to the MP joint. When amputation in the little finger is necessary, disarticulation of the MP joint may be preferable to amputation at a more distal level. Alternatives to finger amputation should be sought in difficult cases of Dupuytren’s disease.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Management of Zone 1 Flexor Tendon Injuries
Authors: CORDUFF N. , JONES R. , BALL J. 
Published: June 2005

We have reviewed 22 flexor tendon repairs in zone 1 undertaken in Hobart, Tasmania, during the period 1986 to 1991. The repairs were assessed using both ultrasound and Strickland’s clinical criteria. The results are presented, and the two methods of assessment compared. A new method of grading results is proposed based on the ultrasound findings. We have demonstrated that ultrasound has an important role to play in assessing tendon repairs, both in the on-going management and as an objective method of measuring the results of repair.
The Effect of Caffeine on Digital Haemodynamics
Authors: BARTON B. , KLEINERT J. M. 
Published: June 2005

Caffeine has been shown to increase mean blood pressure, but studies documenting the effect of caffeine on digits are lacking. We evaluated the effect of caffeine on digital blood pressure and pulse volume in normal volunteers. In the first part of the study, 24 subjects were given water containing either 200 mg of caffeine or placebo. Bilateral brachial and middle finger digital pressures were measured at room temperature before ingestion and at 30 and 60 minutes after ingestion. In the second part of the study, pulse volume recordings (PVRs) were obtained in 24 subjects at the level of the distal phalanx of the middle finger of one hand immediately prior to beverage ingestion and at 10 minute intervals for 90 minutes. Differences in mean digital systolic pressure, digital/brachial index, or PVR amplitude between the control and caffeine groups were not statistically significant. The administration of caffeine was found not to alter the haemodynamics of digital blood flow or digital pressure in this population.
Traction Radiographs in the Diagnosis of Chronic Wrist Pain
Authors: FORTEMS Y. , MAWHINNEY I. , LAWRENCE T. , STANLEY J. K. 
Published: June 2005

A sensitive non-invasive diagnostic test for intrinsic ligament rupture in patients with chronic wrist pain has still to be found. Differential displacement of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum can in some instances be seen during arthroscopy of acute wrist injuries and also on overdistraction of distal radial fractures with an external fixator. We performed a prospective study on 20 patients with chronic wrist pain using 2 kg and 5 kg traction radiographs without and with the addition of an ischaemic block, to assess differential displacement as a diagnostic criterion for intrinsic ligament rupture. Arthroscopy was used as arbiter of diagnosis. The sensitivity ranged from 14% to 57% and the specificity ranged from 53.7% to 100% according to the amount of traction and ischaemic block. In view of these poor results we conclude the stretch test has no additional value in the preoperative assessment of chronic wrist pain.
Rolling Belt Injuries in Children
Authors: ADA S. , BORA A. , ÖZERKAN F. , KAPLAN I. , ARIKAN G. 
Published: June 2005

The rolling belts on argicultural machinery attract children who unconsciously grab them. The injuries produced include friction burns, injuries to flexor tendons, digital nerves and arteries, skin in Zone 2 and fractures. Subtotal or total amputation may occur. We present the results of such injuries to 44 fingers in 16 children aged 1 to 9. The functional results are not satisfactory. In order to grade the results we have devised a classification to this injury. The survival rate for all fingers was 71%, but in the fingers with circulatory problems the survival rate was 50%. On functional assessment seven patients had a good result, seven moderate, and two fair.
The Use of Patterned Neuromuscular Stimulation to Improve Hand Function Following Surgery for Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: PETTERSON T. , SMITH G. P. , OLDHAM J. A. , HOWE T. E. , TALLIS R. C. 
Published: June 2005

A 60-year-old man with wasting and weakness of the right hand following ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow was referred for electrotherapy. An ulnar nerve transposition had been performed 2 years previously. This had produced some improvement in nerve conduction without significantly improving hand muscle function. The right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) was stimulated for 4 hours per day over a 6-week period with a stimulus pattern replicating the discharge of a single motor unit from a healthy, fatigued FDI (patterned neuromuscular stimulation or PNMS). The response was assessed using a single case design. Significant improvements in the strength and fatigue resistance of the FDI were observed, associated with improvements in general hand function. PNMS may be useful in restoring hand function in patients with muscle atrophy following entrapment neuropathy.
Kienböck’s Disease, Early Stage 3––Height Reconstruction and Core Revascularization of the Lunate
Authors: BOCHUD R. C. , BÜCHLER U. 
Published: June 2005

Early stage 3 Kienböck’s disease has been treated by inner débridement, recontouring, height reconstruction, bone grafting and core revascularization of the lunate; additional procedures included temporary external fixation of the wrist and/or shortening osteotomy of the radius in selected cases. 26 patients, representing an uninterrupted series of 28 procedures, were followed-up for an average of 6.7 years (range 2.5–9.3 years) with periodic clinical and radiographic evaluations until they reached the final comprehensive assessment that included trispiral tomography and MRI. Every patient was subjectively improved, pleased with the result and able to resume his previous job. Pain intensity, rated on a zero to five scale, improved from 2.5 points pre-operatively to a final score of 0.8 points. Wrist motion gained slightly. Grip strength improved significantly. Lunate reconstruction proved successful in 37% of the cases; in an additional 23%, the disease process was stabilized. Carpal height decreased 4.7%; ulnar translation was not substantially altered. Arthrosis increased postoperatively in 55%, remained unchanged in 36% and progressed in 9%. Overall, 43% good and excellent, 43% fair and 14% poor results were observed.
Wrist Arthroscopy
Authors: RETTIG M. E. , AMADIO P. C. 
Published: June 2005

We reviewed retrospectively a series of 128 consecutive patients who had wrist arthroscopy at our institution between January 1988 and July 1991. The aim of the procedure was to establish a diagnosis in 27 patients, to challenge a pre-operative diagnosis in 95 patients and to evaluate joint surfaces in six patients. For the 27 patients with a previously unknown diagnosis, the diagnostic sensitivity was 67% and the specificity 100%. Arthrotomy or other intervention was avoided in 18. For the 95 patients with an established pre-operative diagnosis, arthrotomy was avoided in 45: in 26 the desired procedure could be done arthroscopically, and in 19 the diagnosis, as improved by arthroscopy, was felt not to require further treatment. Procedures performed arthroscopically included débridement of triangular fibrocartilage and inter-carpal ligament tears; lysis of adhesions, and synovectomy. In six patients, arthroscopy was performed to evaluate joint surfaces after fracture reduction or before ulnar shortening osteotomy. In none of the six was arthrotomy felt necessary after arthroscopy. Wrist arthroscopy avoided the need for further surgery in 66 (52%) of our patients; arthrotomy was avoided in 69 (54%). In cases with significant carpal instability evident pre-operatively, arthroscopy was unlikely to avoid the need for open treatment.
Experimental airborne transmission ofSalmonellaAgona andSalmonellaTyphimurium in weaned pigs
Authors: OLIVEIRA C. J. B. , CARVALHO L. F. O. S. , GARCIA T. B. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYThis study tested the hypothesis of airborne transmission ofSalmonellaAgona (Trial I) andSalmonellaTyphimurium (Trial II) in weaned pigs. The trials were performed using stainless-steel/glass isolation cabinets connected by air ducts to permit an unidirectional airflow from cabinet 1 (two control pigs) to cabinet 3 (two sentinel pigs), passing through cabinet 2 (two inoculated pigs). Air samples, pooled faecal samples from the floor and rectal swabs were collected daily and assessed by culture and PCR. A fumigation chamber and rubber gloves coupled to the cabinets allowed sampling without opening the system. Trials I and II lasted 15 and 19 days respectively. The recovery ofS. Agona andS. Typhimurium and detection of seroconversion in sentinel pigs indicate that airborneSalmonellatransmission in weaned pigs over short distances is possible. Further studies on the role of aerosols in the epidemiology ofSalmonellain intensive pig production should be performed.
Magnetic Interactions and Distribution of Ions in the Garnets
Authors: Geller S. 
Published: June 2005

Since the discovery of the magnetic yttrium and rare earth iron garnets, a systematic investigation has been made of interactions of magnetic ions and the distribution of both magnetic and non-magnetic ionsin the garnets. The results of substitution of the tetravalent tin for Fe3+ ion in yttrium-iron garnet (balanced by substitution of Ca2+ for Y3+ ions) have led to the development by Gilleo of a statistical interaction theory which accounts well for the spontaneous magnetizations and Curie temperatures of the system. This theory has been further strengthened by results from zirconium substituted yttrium-iron garnets and by its successful extension to substituted rare earth iron garnets.
In the course of our investigations, many new garnets have been discovered. Several of these have enabled us to observe directly interactions between magnetic ions in dodecahedral and octahedral sites, dodecahedral and tetrahedral sites, octahedral sites only and tetrahedral sites only. The work on the garnets has also already been adequately extensive to lead to the establishment of some rather simple rules pertaining to site preference of ions entering the garnets.
Resonance Experiments with Single Crystal Yttrium Iron Garnets in Pulsed Magnetic Fields
Authors: Stiglitz Martin R. , Morgenthaler Frederic R. 
Published: June 2005

A crystal sphere of YIG was placed in either a doubly resonant transmission type coaxial cavity or into a nonresonant transmission line device and biased with a dc magnetic field. A low power microwave signal in the S band frequency range (cw or pulsed) was used to excite resonance. Current pulses of approximately 1 μsec duration and low duty cycle were sent through a low impedance coil that was wound around the cavity or transmission line respectively. These pulses induced pulsed magnetic fields of the order of 1000 gauss, which (vectorially) added to the existing dc field.
A microwave receiver, attached to the cavity output, detected weak oscillations at higher or lower frequencies. Shifts of 280 Mc have been obtained with the cavity, and shifts of 1280 Mc above and 530 Mc below the driving frequency have been obtained with the transmission type device.
The detected signal is associated with either the rise of the current pulse, or the decay, or two signals may appear simultaneously corresponding respectively to the rise and decay. This depends upon the angular relation of the dc field with respect to the cavity or transmission line.
Direct-Current Measurements on Tape-Wound Cores
Authors: Barker R. C. , Brownell R. M. 
Published: June 2005

This paper reports hysteresis-loop measurements made on tape-wound cores of commercial-grade grain-oriented 50Ni-50Fe material at very low domain wall velocities. The experimental equipment includes a low-output-impedance core driver, a low-drift electronic integrator, and a 30 in.× 30 in. X-Y recorder. The duration of a complete flux reversal can be varied between 5 seconds and 30 minutes. The rate-of-change of flux during a reversal can be held constant within 1%, so that variations in the ease of domain wall motion (which appear as Barkhausen discontinuities in conventional measurements) are constrained to appear as variations of magnetomotive force. The coarse structure of these variations is repeatable on successive measurements; the fine structure, for the most part is not.
In addition to showing these variations of mmf, the experimental arrangement displays minor loops in their correct locations with respect to the major loop. These measurements indicate that, under dc conditions, flux changes always begin at the inner circumference of the core, as predicted by a previously proposed model of flux change in polycrystalline tapes. Many other aspects of these minor-loop measurements can be explained by this model,which is currently being further developed.
On the basis of the model, the recorded variations in mmf can easily be used to find the variations in the energy required to move domain walls in various portions of the core, under conditions of constant rate-of-change of flux. (Under such conditions,the product of wall velocity and wall area is a constant.) The repeatability of the coarse variations indicates their dependence on local metallurgical variations within the core. The nonrepeatability of the fine variations probably indicates a randomness in the configuration of the domain walls as they pass through the same region on successive measurements.
Square Loop Properties of Copper-Manganese Ferrites
Authors: Weisz R. S. , Brown D. L. 
Published: June 2005

A survey of magnetic properties for the system CuFe2O4-MnFe2O4-Mn3O4 is reported. Saturation flux density, Curie temperature, coercivity, hysteresis loop squareness, and switching constant were determined for 60 compositions. A large compositional area having square loop properties was found. Apparently, both divalent Cu and trivalent mu contribute to squareness. Switching constant was found to decrease markedly with increasing manganese content to a low in the neighborhood of 0.6 oe-μsec.
Coincident-current memory cores made from appropriate Cu-Mn ferrites have properties very similar to conventional Mg-Mn ferrites but at significantly lowered driving currents.
Influence of Nearby Conductors on Thin Film Switching
Authors: Eggenberger J. S. 
Published: June 2005

The usual concept of a thin film or other open flux path magnetic element consists of the material itself closely encircled by drive and sense conductors. Strips of conductor of width approximately that of the element are attractive for several reasons, i.e., low resistance, low skin effect, and low line impedance. However,these strips, being closely coupled to the element, can severely influence its dynamic properties by means of induced eddy currents.
These conductors manifest themselves in three ways:
1. A slowing of the switching due to the air return flux path of the element passing through a conductorand being damped.
2. A dynamic distortion of the air return flux due to shielding effects.
3. A dynamic distortion of an applied field due to shielding effects.
All of these effects can be detrimental to the operation of the element. In this paper, approximate calculations are presented to show the extent of these effects. The geometry considered is that of a “conventional”flat thin film element, driven and sensed by strip transmission lines. Several drive and sense configurations are considered, and experimental evidence is presented in support of these calculations. Although the cases considered are somewhat arbitrary, the methods and many of the results are applicable to other cases of utilization of open flux path elements.
Review article: the changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Canada
Authors: DYER Z. , PELTEKIAN K. , VELDHUYZEN VAN ZANTEN S. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the incidence of and mortality caused by hepatocellular carcinoma over the last 20 years in Canada, including the associated risk factors hepatitis C, diabetes and obesity. Databases from the Surveillance & Risk Assessment Division of Health Canada & Statistics Canada were analysed for trends in both age‐adjusted incidence of and mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma from 1984 to 2001. The epidemiological impact of hepatitis C, diabetes and obesity on hepatocellular carcinoma was also assessed. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma increased from 4.0 per 100 000 in 1984 to 5.5 in 2000 for males, and from 1.6 per 100 000 in 1984 to 2.2 in 2000 for females. Mortality rates showed a 48% increase in males and 39% increase in females. The incidence of hepatitis C increased sharply in 1995 and remained elevated until 2000 with an average value of 85.4 per 100 000 in males and 45.4 per 100 000 in females. This increase is likely due to the widespread testing for hepatitis C. The prevalence of obesity and diabetes has increased in recent years and probably contributes to the increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Canada has increased in the past 20 years and is associated with a rise in the incidence of hepatitis C, obesity and diabetes.
Nurses’ views on ethical codes: a focus group study
Authors: Verpeet Ellen , De Casterle Bernadette Dierckx , Arend Arie Van der , Gastmans Chris A.E. 
Published: June 2005

Aim.  This paper reports a study exploring nurses’ views on the ‘potential’ content and functions of an ethical code for nurses in Belgium. The term ‘potential’ is used, because Belgian nurses do not have experience with an ethical code.Background.  Ethical codes have been developed to guide nurses’ practice and to improve their professional status. Little empirical research, however, has been undertaken to determine nurses’ views on the content and functions of these codes. The available quantitative studies merely give some information on nurses’ (lack of) knowledge and use of their ethical code. No nursing ethical code currently exists in Belgium. Qualitative research exploring nurses’ views, therefore, was needed in order to find out which functions an ethical code could fulfil and what the code's content could be.Method.  Eight focus groups were conducted with 50 nurses in different healthcare settings in Belgium. Data were generated during 2003.Findings.  According to participants, an ethical code could fulfil several functions, including supporting their professional nursing identity (external function) and giving guidelines for nursing practice (internal function). In addition, some aspects of content were mentioned, including nurses’ responsibilities in a relational context: particular attention should be paid to the personality of the nurse and to the specificity of nursing as a relational activity. Most agreement was reached on the ‘ethical’ function of the code, namely guiding nurses’ professional moral practice. Regarding disciplinary use and the need for legalization of the ethical code, on the contrary, opinions were divergent.Conclusions.  It is of utmost importance to take into account nurses’ views when developing an ethical code for their profession. This study gave a first picture of the views of nurses themselves. These initial findings should be completed with nurses’ views on the formulation, dissemination and promotion of the ethical code. Such evidence‐based development of an ethical code will probably give more guarantees that the code will meet nurses’ expectations and will function optimally.
Effect of bladder ischaemia/reperfusion on superoxide dismutase activity and contraction
Authors: Erdem Erim , Leggett Robert , Dicks Brian , Kogan Barry A. , Levin Robert M. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVESTo correlate the effect of bilateral in‐vivo bladder ischaemia/reperfusion on superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and then to correlate this with contractile responses to various forms of stimulation.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwenty mature male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into five equal groups: group 1 (controls); group 2, 2 h of in‐vivo bilateral bladder ischaemia; and groups 3–5, 2 h of in‐vivo ischaemia followed by 1, 7 or 14 days of reperfusion (recovery). At the end of the treatment period, bladder strips were incubated and placed in isolated baths for contractile studies. The contractile responses to field stimulation, carbachol (10 µmol/L), ATP and KCl were determined. The balance of the bladder body was separated into muscle and mucosa sections and analysed for SOD activity.RESULTSThere were few effects on contraction either directly after ischaemia or after 1 day of reperfusion. However, all contractile responses were significantly reduced at 7 and 14 days after ischaemia. SOD activity of the detrusor muscle was reduced significantly immediately after ischaemia and at 7 and 14 days of reperfusion. SOD activity of the mucosa was significantly greater than that of the muscle, and was significantly reduced by both ischaemia and all times of reperfusion.CONCLUSIONSThese studies show clearly that both ischaemia and reperfusion result in significantly lower activity of SOD, and in contractile dysfunctions, and that reperfusion results in greater decreases in both SOD activity and contractile responses than ischaemia alone.