bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock induced variable density flows in the vacuum microchannel: I. medium laser fluence
Authors: Lugomer Stjepan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Laser-matter interactions with metal target cause plasma explosion and shock accelerated variable density flow instabilities in the Semiconfined Configuration (SCC). Their study gives deeper insight into the flow instabilities present in all microchannel devices. Blast wave motion along the SCC microchanel causes the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability and formation of vortex filaments for the critical Reynolds number. Appearing in all shear layers—it affects the fluid transport efficiency. Shear layer acceleration causes a Raleigh-Taylor instability (RTI). Oriented bubble growth by discrete merging indicates anisotropic RTI mixing. Similar RTI flame instability appears in the conversion of chemical energy into electricity affecting microcombustion efficiency. Another case of anisotropic RTI is the flow boiling for cooling of chips and microelectronic devices. The RTI boiling which appears for the critical heat flux is based on rising surface vapor columns (oriented bubble growth) with liquid counterflow (spike prominences) for the critical wavelength at density interface. The RT bubble merging graph trees determine turbulent mixing which affects the heat transfer rates. Bottom-wall turbulent flow in the SCC microchannel causes streaks of the low momentum fluid and formation of hairpin vortex packets with lattice organization. This makes possible to quantify parameters responsible for the evolution of hairpin vortex packets in the microchannel devices. Appearing from the low to the high Reynolds numbers they affect the transport properties, control of the fluid motion, enhancement of mixing, or the separation of fluids. Fluid particle ejecta—thin supersonic jets - evolve into long needle-like jets which start spiraling, helical pairing and swirling in the field of thermal gradients. Such instabilities appear in the microcombustion flame instability and in the space micropropulsion systems. Oscillating and spiral flames appear in the presence of thermal gradient in the microchannel, due to the combined effects of thermal gradient fields and the mixture flow rates.
Investigation of shear creep experiments and modelling of mud-shale under dry-wet cycles of rainfall
Authors: Zhong Zhuoxi , Sheng Jianlong , Hu Bin , Li Jing , Wang Zeqi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The analysis of the creep mechanical properties and the failure mechanisms of mud-shale in response to dry-wet cycles of rainfall are important for the slope stability of Permian limestone with carbonaceous mud-shale. In this paper, shear creep experiments were performed on mud-shale under different dry-wet cycles of rainfall. The classical viscoelastic-plastic creep model was improved and a modified creep model was developed to account for the damage of dry-wet cycles. The results showed that the creep deformation and the long-term strength of the mud-shale degraded with dry-wet cycles and promoted mud-shale failure. According to the macroscopic continuum damage theory, the viscoelastic-plastic model was modified considering the damage of dry-wet cycles, which fitted the mud-shale creep curve well. It was found that there was a good consistency between theoretical predictions of the VEPD model and the experimental dates, and the viscoelastic parameters exponentially decreased with dry-wet cycles in the VEPD model, especially G
1, η
1. The VEPD model could predict the complete creep process in mud-shale, which provided a great demonstration of the effect of dry-wet cycles on creep behavior. The model therefore enables a deeper understanding of the long-term stability of slope engineering projects.
Elastic scattering and total reaction cross sections of 6Li examined via a microscopic continuum discretized coupled-channels model*
Authors: Chen 陈 Wendi 文棣 , Pang 庞 Danyang 丹阳 , Guo 郭 Hairui 海瑞 , Ye 叶 Tao 涛 , Sun 孙 Weili 伟力 , Ying 应 Yangjun 阳君 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We present a systematic study of 6Li elastic scattering and total reaction cross sections at incident energies around the Coulomb barrier within the continuum discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) framework, where 6Li is treated in an α+d two-body model. Collisions with 27Al, 64Zn, 138Ba, and 208Pa are analyzed. The microscopic optical potentials (MOP) based on Skyrme nucleon-nucleon interaction for α and d are adopted in CDCC calculations and satisfactory agreement with the experimental data is obtained without any adjustment on MOPs. For comparison, α and d global phenomenological optical potentials (GOP) are also used in CDCC analysis and a reduction of no less than 50% on the surface imaginary part of deuteron GOP is required for describing the data. In all cases, the 6Li breakup effect is significant and provides repulsive correction to the folding model potential. The reduction on the surface imaginary part of GOP of deuteron reveals a strong suppression of the reaction probability of deuteron as a component of 6Li when compared with that of a free deuteron. Further investigation is performed by considering the d breakup process equivalently within the dynamic polarization potential approach, and the results show that d behaves in a manner similar to a tightly bound nucleus in 6Li induced reactions.
Pressure-dependent electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of antiperovskite X3NP (X = Ca, Mg): A first-principles study
Authors: Feng Chunbao , Wu Changhe , Luo Xin , Hu Tao , Chen Fanchuan , Li Shichang , Duan Shengnan , Hou Wenjie , Li Dengfeng , Tang Gang , Zhang Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure provides an efficient way to tune and optimize the properties of solid materials without changing their composition. In this work, we investigate the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of antiperovskite X3NP (X2+ = Ca, Mg) upon compression by first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that the system is anisotropic, and the lattice constant a of X3NP exhibits the fastest rate of decrease upon compression among the three directions, which is different from the typical Pnma phase of halide and chalcogenide perovskites. Meanwhile, Ca3NP has higher compressibility than Mg3NP due to its small bulk modulus. The electronic and optical properties of Mg3NP show small fluctuations upon compression, but those of Ca3NP are more sensitive to pressure due to its higher compressibility and lower unoccupied 3d orbital energy. For example, the band gap, lattice dielectric constant, and exciton binding energy of Ca3NP decrease rapidly as the pressure increases. In addition, the increase in pressure significantly improves the optical absorption and theoretical conversion efficiency of Ca3NP. Finally, the mechanical properties of X3NP are also increased upon compression due to the reduction in bond length, while inducing a brittle-to-ductile transition. Our research provides theoretical guidance and insights for future experimental tuning of the physical properties of antiperovskite semiconductors by pressure.
GaAs-based resonant tunneling diode: Device aspects from design, manufacturing, characterization and applications
Authors: Samanta Swagata 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This review article discusses the development of gallium arsenide (GaAs)-based resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) since the 1970s. To the best of my knowledge, this article is the first review of GaAs RTD technology which covers different epitaxial-structure design, fabrication techniques, and characterizations for various application areas. It is expected that the details presented here will help the readers to gain a perspective on the previous accomplishments, as well as have an outlook on the current trends and future developments in GaAs RTD research.
Experimental determination of the three components of toroidal momentum transport in the core of a tokamak plasma
Authors: Zimmermann C.F.B. , McDermott R.M. , Angioni C. , Duval B.P. , Dux R. , Fable E. , Luda T. , Salmi A. , Stroth U. , Tala T. , Tardini G. , Pütterich T. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A new approach to infer the momentum transport in tokamak core plasmas via perturbation experiments is presented. For the first time, the analysis self-consistently includes all momentum transport components and their time dependencies, which are essential to separate the momentum fluxes and closely match the experiment. The quantitative agreement between the experimentally inferred transport coefficients and the gyrokinetic predictions provides an unprecedented validation. This work shows that the new methodology and gyrokinetic predictions can now be utilized on the route to physics-based prediction of momentum transport in future reactor plasmas.
Sediment biogeochemistry and relationship with arsenic in the Kuitun River Basin, Xinjiang, China: influences of microbial community structure and characteristics on arsenic migration
Authors: Yang Jingru , Li Qiao , Tao Hongfei , Jiang Youwei , Zhang Yanjiao , Aihemaiti Mahemujiang , Yang WenXin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The microorganisms in sediments play a significant role in Arsenic (As) migration in groundwater systems. However, the impact mechanisms of microbial community structure on As release and enrichment are not completely clear. In this study, the community structure and characteristics of microorganisms in sediments of the Kuitun River Basin were first investigated through field investigation, high-throughput sequencing, and microbial analysis. The obtained results showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the sediments, accounting for 30.23%–87.87%, 3.280%–65.22%, 1.71%–14.37%, and 0.46%–16.67%, respectively. Whereas, Arthrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Hydrogenophaga were the main genera in the collected sediments from the Kuitun River Basin, accounting for 1.81%–60.13%, 0.70%–77.24%, 0.21%–35.5%, and 0.38%–26.27%, respectively. Arthrobacter can increase the As contents in the sediments. In contrast, Acinetobacter can both inhibit and promote the release of As from the sediments, while Pseudomonas and Hydrogenophaga can only inhibit the release of As from the sediments. The Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) suggested that Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, and As were highly correlated with each other. The distance-based redundancy analysis (Db-RDA) analysis demonstrated significant influences of the sediment chemical properties on the microbial activity and community structure in the sediments, according to the following order: Ca > Cu > Mn > Mg > As. Ca2+ and Mn2+ in the environment can influence the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, thus affecting the redox environment and As release from sediments. This study confirmed the interaction that may exist between microorganisms and As. Moreover, this study not only confirmed the interaction between microorganisms and As, but also provided a comprehensive understanding of the effects of the microbial community on the chemical cycle of the groundwater system in the Kuitun River basin. The analysis of the influences of the microbial community on sediment As provided further insights into As release from sediments and As enrichment in groundwater in the study area.
The stochastic digital human is now enrolling for in silico imaging trials—methods and tools for generating digital cohorts
Authors: Badano A , Lago M A , Sizikova E , Delfino J G , Guan S , Anastasio M A , Sahiner B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Randomized clinical trials, while often viewed as the highest evidentiary bar by which to judge the quality of a medical intervention, are far from perfect. In silico imaging trials are computational studies that seek to ascertain the performance of a medical device by collecting this information entirely via computer simulations. The benefits of in silico trials for evaluating new technology include significant resource and time savings, minimization of subject risk, the ability to study devices that are not achievable in the physical world, allow for the rapid and effective investigation of new technologies and ensure representation from all relevant subgroups. To conduct in silico trials, digital representations of humans are needed. We review the latest developments in methods and tools for obtaining digital humans for in silico imaging studies. First, we introduce terminology and a classification of digital human models. Second, we survey available methodologies for generating digital humans with healthy and diseased status and examine briefly the role of augmentation methods. Finally, we discuss the trade-offs of four approaches for sampling digital cohorts and the associated potential for study bias with selecting specific patient distributions.
Simulation-based inference for model parameterization on analog neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Kaiser Jakob , Stock Raphael , Müller Eric , Schemmel Johannes , Schmitt Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The BrainScaleS-2 (BSS-2) system implements physical models of neurons as well as synapses and aims for an energy-efficient and fast emulation of biological neurons. When replicating neuroscientific experiments on BSS-2, a major challenge is finding suitable model parameters. This study investigates the suitability of the sequential neural posterior estimation (SNPE) algorithm for parameterizing a multi-compartmental neuron model emulated on the BSS-2 analog neuromorphic system. The SNPE algorithm belongs to the class of simulation-based inference methods and estimates the posterior distribution of the model parameters; access to the posterior allows quantifying the confidence in parameter estimations and unveiling correlation between model parameters. For our multi-compartmental model, we show that the approximated posterior agrees with experimental observations and that the identified correlation between parameters fits theoretical expectations. Furthermore, as already shown for software simulations, the algorithm can deal with high-dimensional observations and parameter spaces when the data is generated by emulations on BSS-2. These results suggest that the SNPE algorithm is a promising approach for automating the parameterization and the analyzation of complex models, especially when dealing with characteristic properties of analog neuromorphic substrates, such as trial-to-trial variations or limited parameter ranges.
Some rigidity results for compact initial data sets
Authors: Galloway Gregory , Mendes Abraão 
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we prove several rigidity results for compact initial data sets, in both the boundary and no boundary cases. In particular, under natural energy, boundary, and topological conditions, we obtain a global version of the main result by Galloway and Mendes [Comm. Anal. Geom. 26 (2018), pp. 63–83]. We also obtain some extensions of results by Eichmair, Galloway, and Mendes [Comm. Math. Phys. 386 (2021), pp. 253–268]. A number of examples are given in order to illustrate some of the results presented in this paper.
A Korean family with RHD*DNT only detectable after anti-D alloimmunization
Authors: Shin Dong Woo , Lee Gun-Hyuk , Kim Hanah , So Kyeong A , Hong Yun Ji , Hur Mina , Park Kyoung Un 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Identification of DNT, a rare partial D, can be challenging, as it is difficult to distinguish from D+. This study aimed to identify DNT individuals by analyzing the DNT proband’s family members, characterize DNT, and propose management strategies.

Methods
Family members of the first Korean DNT proband were recruited. RHD genotyping was conducted, and weak D tests were carried out using several anti-D reagents.

Results
Three DNT individuals were identified among 6 family members, including 1 with an anti-D alloantibody. As DNT red cells exhibited strong reactivity with all anti-D clones, DNT was serologically indistinguishable from D+. Moreover, unusual serologic findings in DNT individuals only became apparent after anti-D alloimmunization.

Conclusions
We recommend DNT individuals as candidates for Rh immune globulin prophylaxis during the perinatal period and transfusions with D– blood components. An anticipatory RHD genotyping is suggested for partial D family members to prevent potential partial D individuals from becoming alloimmunized.
Spontaneous quantity discrimination in the Australian sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa)
Authors: Szabo Birgit , Holmes Madeleine L , Ashton Benjamin J , Whiting Martin J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Animals employ quantitative abilities to gauge crucial aspects of their environment, such as food or predator density in a given area or the number of eggs in a nest. These quantitative skills hold ecological implications and can impact an animal’s fitness. However, our comprehension of how these abilities intersect with environmental challenges remains limited. We tested for spontaneous quantity discrimination in the sleepy lizard (Tiliqua rugosa), a long-lived species known for forming life-long pair bonds in which pairs come together for the breeding season. We subjected lizards to a Y-maze experiment presenting both discrete (comparisons involving two vs. four, two vs. six, two vs. eight, four vs. six, four vs. eight, and six vs. eight pieces) and equivalent continuous combinations (single pieces differing in size) of pumpkin pieces. Our findings revealed that sleepy lizards exhibited spontaneous quantity discrimination, favoring the larger quantity in three discrete comparisons (eight vs. two, two vs. six, four vs. six) and two continuous comparisons (eight vs. two, eight vs. four). However, low accuracy may be attributable to difficulty in visual acuity exacerbated by difficulty discriminating quantities at small ratios. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a speed-accuracy trade-off in their decision-making process. Our results suggest that sleepy lizards likely employ multiple cues to estimate quantity accurately. Considering these results in the context of previous studies on various lizard species, it becomes apparent that lizards, as a group, offer a valuable model for unraveling the evolution of cognition, given their diverse ecology and sociobiology.
A prediction model for blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides based on masked peptide transformers with dynamic routing
Authors: Ma Chunwei , Wolfinger Russ 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Blood-brain barrier penetrating peptides (BBBPs) are short peptide sequences that possess the ability to traverse the selective blood-brain interface, making them valuable drug candidates or carriers for various payloads. However, the in vivo or in vitro validation of BBBPs is resource-intensive and time-consuming, driving the need for accurate in silico prediction methods. Unfortunately, the scarcity of experimentally validated BBBPs hinders the efficacy of current machine-learning approaches in generating reliable predictions. In this paper, we present DeepB3P3, a novel framework for BBBPs prediction. Our contribution encompasses four key aspects. Firstly, we propose a novel deep learning model consisting of a transformer encoder layer, a convolutional network backbone, and a capsule network classification head. This integrated architecture effectively learns representative features from peptide sequences. Secondly, we introduce masked peptides as a powerful data augmentation technique to compensate for small training set sizes in BBBP prediction. Thirdly, we develop a novel threshold-tuning method to handle imbalanced data by approximating the optimal decision threshold using the training set. Lastly, DeepB3P3 provides an accurate estimation of the uncertainty level associated with each prediction. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that DeepB3P3 achieves state-of-the-art accuracy of up to 98.31% on a benchmarking dataset, solidifying its potential as a promising computational tool for the prediction and discovery of BBBPs.
Epidemiology of alopecia areata and population-wide comorbidities in Germany: analysis of longitudinal claims data
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Ben-Anaya Nesrine , Müller Katharina , Hagenström Kristina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by acute-onset hair loss. The hair loss can range from small, circumscribed hairless areas on the scalp to complete loss of hair on the head and body hair. However, data on the epidemiology of AA are limited. Current evaluations are lacking in Germany. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and comorbidity of AA in Germany based on claims data.

Methods
A representative 40% sample of all adults who were insured with a German statutory health insurance company (DAK-Gesundheit) between 2016 and 2020 was evaluated (n = 2.88 million). Based on at least one relevant outpatient or inpatient diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 L63, the annual AA prevalence and incidence (ICD-10 L63) were calculated for 2016 to 2020. Different case definitions were used for diagnosis validation. In addition, the occurrence of comorbidities in patients with AA was investigated.

Results
In 2020, AA prevalence was 210 cases per 100 000 and incidence 72 cases per 100 000. Compared with persons without AA, those with AA significantly more often had atopic dermatitis [rate ratio (RR) 2.9], pruritus (RR 2.7), lupus erythematosus (RR 2.4), urticaria (RR 2.3) and psoriasis (RR 2.2). Women were affected slightly more often than men (0.2% vs. 0.1%). On a regional level, higher prevalence and incidence rates were found in Brandenburg (prevalence 332 cases per 100 000; incidence 116 cases per 100 000), Hesse (prevalence 344 cases per 100 000; incidence 124 cases per 100 000) and Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania (prevalence 303 cases per 100 000; incidence 111 per 100 000).

Conclusions
AA is a common immune-mediated skin condition with marked regional variations in Germany. For a complete understanding of epidemiology, complementary population-based studies including clinical characteristics of AA are useful.
Acute flaccid myelitis: not uncommon in rural Uganda?
Authors: Olum Sam , Scolding Charlotte , Omona Venice , Jackson Kansiime , Scolding Neil 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Acute Flaccid Myelitis is a paralytic illness with significant similarities to poliomyelitis, and which affects predominantly children. It was first fully delineated only in 2014 in the USA, occurring in epidemic clusters with a likely overall increasing incidence. It has subsequently rapidly been identified in Europe, the UK, and Australasia and the Far East, confirming it to be an emerging, global, infectious neurological disease. It has, however, been very little studied in low- and middle-income countries—reflecting partly of the global imbalance in science and medical research, and partly the extremely low provision of neurological care in most low- and middle-income countries: Uganda currently has no specialized neurology services outside the capital Kampala. During extended visits over a 2-year period with involvement in acute adult and paediatric internal medicine, one of us (NS) encountered at least six new patients with acute flaccid myelitis, suggesting that both the geographical reach and the frequency of the disorder may be significantly greater than previously thought. Here, these cases are described together with their clinical features and, where available, course and (limited) investigation results. These observations have significant implications concerning the current, and potentially the future geographical spread of the disease, and its clinical phenomenology. In addition, they highlight serious problems concerning the global applicability of the current Acute Flaccid Myelitis diagnostic criteria.