bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the interstitium during septic shock: a key to the understanding of fluid dynamics?
Authors: Dargent Auguste , Dumargne Hugo , Labruyère Marie , Brezillon Stéphane , Brassart-Pasco Sylvie , Blot Mathieu , Charles Pierre-Emmanuel , Fournel Isabelle , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Jacquier Marine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
While not traditionally included in the conceptual understanding of circulation, the interstitium plays a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis. Fluid balance regulation is a critical aspect of septic shock, with a well-known association between fluid balance and outcome. The regulation of transcapillary flow is the first key to understand fluid homeostasis during sepsis.

Main text
Capillary permeability is increased during sepsis, and was classically considered to be necessary and sufficient to explain the increase of capillary filtration during inflammation. However, on the other side of the endothelial wall, the interstitium may play an even greater role to drive capillary leak. Indeed, the interstitial extracellular matrix forms a complex gel-like structure embedded in a collagen skeleton, and has the ability to directly attract intravascular fluid by decreasing its hydrostatic pressure. Thus, interstitium is not a mere passive reservoir, as was long thought, but is probably major determinant of fluid balance regulation during sepsis. Up to this date though, the role of the interstitium during sepsis and septic shock has been largely overlooked. A comprehensive vision of the interstitium may enlight our understanding of septic shock pathophysiology. Overall, we have identified five potential intersections between septic shock pathophysiology and the interstitium: 1. increase of oedema formation, interacting with organ function and metabolites diffusion; 2. interstitial pressure regulation, increasing transcapillary flow; 3. alteration of the extracellular matrix; 4. interstitial secretion of inflammatory mediators; 5. decrease of lymphatic outflow.

Conclusions
We aimed at reviewing the literature and summarizing the current knowledge along these specific axes, as well as methodological aspects related to interstitium exploration.
CHASE (Children’s Housing Assessment for a Safe Environment): a protocol for the inspection and modification of injury risks in children’s homes
Authors: Omaki Elise , Brown Brendan , Shargo Isabel , Moreno Hector , McKnight Michael , McDonald Eileen , Stewart Wes , Shiang Evelyn , Norton Ruth Ann , Shields Wendy C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Decades of research and practice experience have led to an extensive body of evidence about effective home safety modifications. However, the benefits of safety modifications have not reached all segments of society. Poor quality housing in low-income neighborhoods, along with limited access to safety products and injury prevention information, can be significant barriers to child safety.

Methods
This is a longitudinal study of 300 low-income families in Baltimore City and Baltimore County with children under 7 years of age who are referred from existing Green & Healthy Homes Initiative (GHHI) home visiting programs. Three home visits will be completed to assess home injury hazards using a previously developed tool, the Children’s Housing Assessment for a Safe Environment (CHASE), and provide a Scope of Work that includes home modifications specific to the identified home injury hazards. An Assessor will also provide do-it-yourself education materials and injury prevention supplies to assist residents in completing the modifications. If the parent or caregiver is unable to complete the home modifications, a professional Housing Intervention Services team will complete the home modifications necessary to prevent injury in the home. This study will involve both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. Paired and regression analyses will be conducted to examine the maintenance of modifications and the variables associated with positive outcomes. A thematic analysis of staff and participant interviews will be used to identify perceived barriers and facilitators of successful program implementation.

Discussion
Better data on residential injuries of children and an improvement in the overall surveillance of home injuries are necessitated. This study will set a strong foundation for a larger future study of health and cost effectiveness outcomes and will advance our understanding of the feasibility, costs, and potential benefits of addressing and preventing home injuries to children.
Investigating the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in a UK university: a machine learning approach using feature permutation importance
Authors: Chen Tianhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMental wellbeing of university students is a growing concern that has been worsening during the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous studies have gathered empirical data to explore the mental health impact of the pandemic on university students and investigate factors associated with higher levels of distress. While the online questionnaire survey has been a prevalent means to collect data, regression analysis has been observed a dominating approach to interpret and understand the impact of independent factors on a mental wellbeing state of interest. Drawbacks such as sensitivity to outliers, ineffectiveness in case of multiple predictors highly correlated may limit the use of regression in complex scenarios. These observations motivate the underlying research to propose alternative computational methods to investigate the questionnaire data. Inspired by recent machine learning advances, this research aims to construct a framework through feature permutation importance to empower the application of a variety of machine learning algorithms that originate from different computational frameworks and learning theories, including algorithms that cannot directly provide exact numerical contributions of individual factors. This would enable to explore quantitative impact of predictors in influencing student mental wellbeing from multiple perspectives as a result of using different algorithms, thus complementing the single view due to the dominant use of regression. Applying the proposed approach over an online survey in a UK university, the analysis suggests the past medical record and wellbeing history and the experience of adversity contribute significantly to mental wellbeing states; and the frequent communication with families and friends to keep good relationship as well as regular exercise are generally contributing to improved mental wellbeing.
Good practices for the automated production of 18F-SiFA radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Blok Simon , Wängler Carmen , Bartenstein Peter , Jurkschat Klaus , Schirrmacher Ralf , Lindner Simon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The positron emitting isotope fluorine-18 (18F) possesses almost ideal physicochemical properties for the development of radiotracers for diagnostic molecular imaging employing positron emission tomography (PET). 18F in its nucleophilic anionic 18F− form is usually prepared by bombarding an enriched 18O water target with protons of various energies between 5 and 20 MeV depending on the technical specifications of the cyclotron. Large thick-target yields between 5 and 14 GBq/µA can be obtained, enough to prepare large batches of radiotracers capable to serve a considerable contingent of patients (50 + per clinical batch). The overall yield of the radiotracer however depends on the efficiency of the 18F labeling chemistry. The Silicon Fluoride Acceptor chemistry (SiFA) has introduced a convenient and highly efficient way to provide clinical peptide-based 18F-radiotracers in a kit-like procedure matching the convenience of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals.

Main body
A radiotracer’s clinical success primarily hinges on whether its synthesis can be automated. Due to its simplicity, the SiFA chemistry, which is based on isotopic exchange (18F for 19F), does not only work in a manual setup but has been proven to be automatable, yielding large batches of 18F-radiotracers of high molar activity (Am). The production of SiFA radiotracer can be centralized and the radiopharmaceutical be distributed via the “satellite” principle, where one production facility economically serves multiple clinical application sites. Clinically validated tracers such as [18F]SiTATE and [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/-7.3 have been synthesized in an automated synthesis unit under good manufacturing practice conditions and used in large patient cohorts. Communication of common guidelines and practices is warranted to further the dissemination of SiFA radiopharmaceuticals and to give easy access to this technology.

Conclusion
This current review highlights the most recent achievements in SiFA radiopharmaceutical automation geared towards large batch production for clinical application. Best practice advice and guidance towards a facilitated implementation of the SiFA technology into new and already operating PET tracer production facilities is provided. A brief outlook spotlights the future potential of SiFA radiochemistry within the landscape of non-canonical labeling chemistries.
Protection of lipopolysaccharide-induced otic injury by a single dose administration of a novel dexamethasone formulation
Authors: Murillo-Cuesta Silvia , Lara Ester , Bermúdez-Muñoz Jose M. , Torres-Campos Elena , Rodríguez-de la Rosa Lourdes , López-Larrubia Pilar , Erickson Signe R. , Varela-Nieto Isabel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) separates the inner ear from the circulation and is critical for maintaining ionic homeostasis and limiting the entry of deleterious agents. BLB integrity is disrupted by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which elicits a strong inflammatory response in the inner ear leading to irreversible otic damage. Prolonged administration of systemic corticosteroids is the available treatment, but it shows both limited efficacy and major adverse effects. SPT-2101 is a novel in situ-forming gel formulation of dexamethasone allowing slow and sustained drug release after single intratympanic administration.

Methods
We used a rat model of LPS-induced injury to define the functional, cellular and molecular mechanisms associated to BLB dysfunction and the protection by SPT-2101. Hearing was assessed by auditory brainstem response (ABR) recording, BLB permeability by gadolinium dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and Evans blue extravasation. Gross cochlear histology and cellular alterations were studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR, PCR array and western blotting were used to assess transcriptional and protein changes.

Results
LPS-challenged rats showed BLB breakdown and altered permeability as shown by the progressive increase in cochlear gadolinium uptake and Evans blue incorporation. LPS administration increased the cochlear expression of the LPS toll-like receptors Tlr2 and co-receptor Cd14, pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors such as Il1b and ll1r1, and also the oxidative stress and inflammasome mediators NRF2 and NLRP3. LPS also increased IBA1-positive macrophage infiltration in the lateral wall and spiral ganglion. A single intratympanic injection of SPT-2101 protected BLB integrity and prevented otic injury. Comparable effects were obtained by repeated administration of systemic dexamethasone, but not by a single dose. SPT-2101 administration normalized molecular inflammatory mediators and suppressed macrophage infiltration.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that single local administration of dexamethasone formulated as SPT-2101 protects BLB functional integrity during endotoxemia, providing a novel therapeutic opportunity to treat diseases related to BLB dysfunction.
Vertical transmission of gut bacteria in commercial chickens is limited
Authors: Shterzer Naama , Rothschild Nir , Sbehat Yara , Dayan Jonathan , Eytan Dor , Uni Zehava , Mills Erez 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe existence of vertical transmission in chickens under commercial settings, where chicks are raised separately from adults, is unclear. To answer this question, the fecal microbiota of chicks hatched and grown separately was compared with their mothers’ microbiota. Most amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) identified in hens were not detected at all in chicks up to two weeks of age by 16S rDNA sequencing, and those that were detected had a low incidence among the chicks. Nevertheless, a few ASVs that were common with the hens were highly prevalent among the chicks, implying that they were efficiently transmitted to chicks. These ASVs were culturable from the reproductive tract of hens and eggshells. Furthermore, interventions attempting to disrupt transmission resulted in a reduction in the prevalence of specific phylogenetic groups in chicks. To conclude, vertical transmission in commercial poultry grown separately from adults likely exists but is not efficient, possibly resulting in impairment of microbiota function. This implies that artificial exposure to adult bacterial strains might improve microbiota functioning.
Splenogonadal fusion- a great clinical masquerader: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Kumar T. Seetam , Sarangi Pradosh Kumar , Swarup M. Sarthak , Chhabra Sonia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare developmental choristoma in which ectopic splenic tissue is aberrantly attached to the gonads, mostly in the scrotum. It is a great clinical masquerader, and accurate preoperative diagnosis is often difficult due to the rarity of this entity. Many patients tend to undergo unnecessary surgical explorations and also orchiectomy. Accordingly, this article aims to review the latest literature regarding SGF and a description of the radiological features of this rare entity. Multiple systematic methods were used to find the latest publications on splenogonadal fusion by searching the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases online since 2013. The latest comprehensive review of this rare entity was of 61 cases by Malik et al. in 2013. We reviewed all the cases of SGF reported in the literature in the last 10 years between 2013 and 2022 with an emphasis on diverse clinical presentations and radiologic findings. Along with this, a surgical and pathological proved case of SGF will be presented with emphasis on imaging findings. Splenogondal fusion is an uncommon differential diagnosis in patients with scrotal swelling. The current literature review showed the discontinuous type (63%) of SGF to be more common than the continuous (37%) type in contradiction to the previous literature review. Orchiectomy was done in 36% of cases as compared to 24% as described in the latest review by Malik et al.

Conclusions
Knowledge of this entity along with familiarization with its imaging features among radiologists is essential for surgical prognostication and avoiding unnecessary orchiectomy. We suggest that the addition of colour Doppler and elastography to routine grey-scale ultrasound can increase diagnostic confidence. Subsequent cross-sectional imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps categorize the subtype and pre-operative planning.
Digital staining in optical microscopy using deep learning - a review
Authors: Kreiss Lucas , Jiang Shaowei , Li Xiang , Xu Shiqi , Zhou Kevin C. , Lee Kyung Chul , Mühlberg Alexander , Kim Kanghyun , Chaware Amey , Ando Michael , Barisoni Laura , Lee Seung Ah , Zheng Guoan , Lafata Kyle J. , Friedrich Oliver , Horstmeyer Roarke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUntil recently, conventional biochemical staining had the undisputed status as well-established benchmark for most biomedical problems related to clinical diagnostics, fundamental research and biotechnology. Despite this role as gold-standard, staining protocols face several challenges, such as a need for extensive, manual processing of samples, substantial time delays, altered tissue homeostasis, limited choice of contrast agents, 2D imaging instead of 3D tomography and many more. Label-free optical technologies, on the other hand, do not rely on exogenous and artificial markers, by exploiting intrinsic optical contrast mechanisms, where the specificity is typically less obvious to the human observer. Over the past few years, digital staining has emerged as a promising concept to use modern deep learning for the translation from optical contrast to established biochemical contrast of actual stainings. In this review article, we provide an in-depth analysis of the current state-of-the-art in this field, suggest methods of good practice, identify pitfalls and challenges and postulate promising advances towards potential future implementations and applications.
Evaluation of calprotectin and ischemia-modified albumin serum levels as biomarkers to measure disease activity in Behçet’s disease
Authors: Adel Yasmin , Sadeq Yousra , Machaly Shereen A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Although several cytokines and markers have been recognized to assess disease activity in Behçet’s disease (BD), they are not routinely utilized in daily practice. This study aimed at assessing the usefulness of calprotectin and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) serum concentrations to measure disease activity in BD.

Results
The active BD cases had significantly greater IMA serum levels than inactive BD cases (p = 0.013) and controls (p < 0.001). In addition, the inactive BD group had significantly higher IMA serum levels than controls (p < 0.001). The serum calprotectin levels in active and inactive BD groups were significantly greater compared to those measured in controls (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the difference in serum calprotectin concentration was insignificant between the active and inactive BD patients. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that hs-CRP and IMA serum levels are the strongest predictors for the activity of the active BD (p = 0.011 and 0.005, respectively). ROC curve analysis for the ability of IMA serum level to discriminate between active and inactive BD groups revealed an AUC = 0.738.

Conclusion
Serum calprotectin and IMA concentrations were significantly elevated in BD. IMA was significantly greater among active BD cases in comparison to inactive BD cases indicating its potential importance as a new marker of activity in BD.

Trial registration
Trial registration on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05868538.
Developing operating speed models for elevated multilane urban arterials using artificial neural networks
Authors: Said Dalia , Reyad Fady , Talaat Hoda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOperating speed models help assess and evaluate geometric design consistency along successive road segments. The development of operating speed models has been mostly focused on rural two-lane two-way highways, where horizontal curvature plays a dominant role in speed prediction. The need to enhance the prediction power of operating speed models and ability to capture more complex relationships within an urban setting have motivated this investigation. This research investigates the use of artificial neural networks, to develop operating speed models for multilane urban elevated arterial roads. Variables investigated in this study included geometric/operational features of a road segment in addition to the residual impact of the characteristics of upstream segments. A data collection exercise was undertaken on two major urban elevated arterial roads in Greater Cairo Region, Egypt: 6th of October and Saft Al-Laban corridors. Speed data was extracted from Google Distance Matrix Application Programming Interface and validated using test vehicle speed data. A regression-based modeling exercise was undertaken in the preliminary investigation phase to serve as a benchmark for the intended machine learning modeling exercise. Results showed that the prediction power of the developed ANN models — capturing the residual effect of upstream speeds — outperformed regression-based ones. The best-performing model used operating speeds of two upstream segments in addition to geometric/operational features of the segment under investigation to predict the segment operating speed (the model reported MAPE of 6.7%). Outputs of this model were used in a design consistency evaluation and potential transferability exercises to further investigate the model practicality.
Persistent Lower Extremity Compensation for Sagittal Imbalance After Surgical Correction of Complex Adult Spinal Deformity: A Radiographic Analysis of Early Impact
Authors: Williamson Tyler K. , Dave Pooja , Mir Jamshaid M. , Smith Justin S. , Lafage Renaud , Line Breton , Diebo Bassel G. , Daniels Alan H. , Gum Jeffrey L. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Soroceanu Alex , Scheer Justin K. , Eastlack Robert , Kelly Michael P. , Nunley Pierce , Kebaish Khaled M. , Lewis Stephen , Lenke Lawrence G. , Hostin Richard A. , Gupta Munish C. , Kim Han Jo , Ames Christopher P. , Hart Robert A. , Burton Douglas C. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Klineberg Eric O. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie , Chou Dean , Fu Kai-Ming , Bess Shay , Passias Peter G. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Achieving spinopelvic realignment during adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery does not always produce ideal outcomes. Little is known whether compensation in lower extremities (LEs) plays a role in this disassociation. The objective is to analyze lower extremity compensation after complex ASD surgery, its effect on outcomes, and whether correction can alleviate these mechanisms.

METHODS:
We included patients with complex ASD with 6-week data. LE parameters were as follows: sacrofemoral angle, knee flexion angle, and ankle flexion angle. Each parameter was ranked, and upper tertile was deemed compensation. Patients compensating and not compensating postoperatively were propensity score matched for body mass index, frailty, and T1 pelvic angle. Linear regression assessed correlation between LE parameters and baseline deformity, demographics, and surgical details. Multivariate analysis controlling for baseline deformity and history of total knee/hip arthroplasty evaluated outcomes.

RESULTS:
Two hundred and ten patients (age: 61.3 ± 14.1 years, body mass index: 27.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2, Charlson Comorbidity Index: 1.1 ± 1.6, 72% female, 22% previous total joint arthroplasty, 24% osteoporosis, levels fused: 13.1 ± 3.8) were included. At baseline, 59% were compensating in LE: 32% at hips, 39% knees, and 36% ankles. After correction, 61% were compensating at least one joint. Patients undercorrected postoperatively were less likely to relieve LE compensation (odds ratio: 0.2, P = .037). Patients compensating in LE were more often undercorrected in age-adjusted pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, and T1 pelvic angle and disproportioned in Global Alignment and Proportion (P < .05). Patients matched in sagittal age–adjusted score at 6 weeks but compensating in LE were more likely to develop proximal junctional kyphosis (odds ratio: 4.1, P = .009) and proximal junctional failure (8% vs 0%, P = .035) than those sagittal age–adjusted score-matched and not compensating in LE.

CONCLUSION:
Perioperative lower extremity compensation was a product of undercorrecting complex ASD. Even in age-adjusted realignment, compensation was associated with global undercorrection and junctional failure. Consideration of lower extremities during planning is vital to avoid adverse outcomes in perioperative course after complex ASD surgery.