bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Policymaking Process
Authors: Castater Eric G , Han Kyung Joon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the policymaking process. In particular, it considers whether governments adopted welfare state reforms unilaterally or in consultation with labour unions through the social pact formation process. When governments fail to convert social pact proposals into actual social pact agreements or enact reforms unilaterally, blue-collar workers become more likely to support populist radical right-wing parties due to a strengthened nation-based identity and the increased salience of cultural issues. Given that union members are more likely to be informed about and actively involved in the social pact formation process than non-union members, unilaterally enacted reform legislation and the social pact formation process may have a stronger effect on blue-collar workers that belong to a union than those who do not. Contrary to the authors’ expectations, they find that the welfare state reform process has similar effects on union and non-union members.
Physical activity promotion based on positive psychology: development and piloting of a novel intervention approach
Authors: Connell Bohlen Lauren , Oselinsky Katrina , Vornlocher Carley , Lee Harold H , Michels Emma , Dunsiger Shira I , Bock Beth C , Kahler Christopher W , Williams David M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with positive health outcomes; however, rates of regular PA are low. Positive psychology interventions are efficacious in other health contexts and may be useful for promoting regular PA.

Purpose
Phased development and pilot/feasibility testing of a positive psychology intervention to promote PA using the ORBIT model for behavioral treatment development.

Methods
Positive psychology and PA promotion content was translated (phase 1a) and refined (phase 1b) into two 6-week, group-based treatments: Positive psychology for PA (PPPA), and a standard PA promotion comparison condition (SPA). A feasibility test (phase 2a) for PPPA only (n = 13) and piloting (phase 2b) of PPPA (n = 30) and SPA (n = 11) were conducted at local YMCAs.

Results
In phase 2a, participants attended 59% of treatment sessions, completed 92%-100% of assessments at mid-treatment, post-treatment, and one-month post-treatment, and 83.3% had clinically meaningful increases in PA. Following refinement, phase 2b PPPA participants attended an average of 73% of the treatment sessions, 90% completed assessments at mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-month post-treatment, 73% at 6-month post-treatment, and 81% had clinically meaningful increases in PA. SPA participants attended 75% of sessions, completed 58%-82% of assessments across timepoints, and 66.7% had clinically meaningful increases in PA. Across timepoints, PPPA participants reported positive changes in PA enjoyment (dppc= 0.622-0.782), and positive affect (dppc= 0.162-0.407) relative to SPA, and recommended the study to others to help increase PA (95.4%) and happiness (88.6%).

Conclusions
This study supports the feasibility and acceptability of a positive-psychology-based, PA promotion intervention for increasing PA in low-active adults.
A time-to-event analysis of the association between ambient air pollution and risk of spontaneous abortion using vital records in the U.S. state of Georgia (2005-2014)
Authors: Hsiao Thomas W , Gaskins Audrey J , Warren Joshua L , Darrow Lyndsey A , Strickland Matthew J , Russell Armistead G , Chang Howard H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We examined the association between ambient air pollution exposure and risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) using Georgia state-wide fetal death records from 2005-2014. Each SAB case was matched to four non-SAB pregnancies by maternal residential county and conception month. Daily concentrations of ten pollutants were estimated and linked to maternal residential census tracts. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) across four prenatal exposure windows (first month, weekly, cumulative weekly average over the first trimester, cumulative weekly average over the second trimester). Our dataset contained 47,649 SABs with a median gestational age of nine weeks. Carbon monoxide (CO) showed the strongest association, with an HR of 1.12 (1.05, 1.20) per 0.43 ppm increase in average first month exposure, and 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) per 0.42 ppm increase in average weekly exposure. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) also exhibited elevated HRs. Other pollutants like nitrate compounds (NO3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and organic carbon (OC) showed positive associations, while ozone (O3), PM2.5, PM10, elemental carbon (EC), and ammonium ions (NH4) were null. Early pregnancy exposure to traffic-related pollutants may increase SAB risk, highlighting potential benefits of air pollution regulation.
A qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the alcohol assertive outreach model
Authors: Scoles Laura H , Mylonas Nikolaos , Priyam Aansha , Blood Stephen , O’Donnell Amy , Drummond Colin , Lovell Karina , Kaar Stephen J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Alcohol use disorder has adverse implications for individuals' health, utilisation of healthcare services, and societal costs. There are a group of individuals who frequently attend hospital for alcohol-related issues, have complex co-morbid needs, and experience barriers to engaging with specialised alcohol treatment services. To support these individuals and reduce healthcare system costs, Alcohol Assertive Outreach Treatment (AAOT) has been recommended. However, AAOT is not routinely used in the UK. Understanding the determinants of the implementation of AAOT can increase its utilisation and effectiveness. This study therefore employed the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework to highlight barriers and facilitators to the successful and sustainable implementation of AAOT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty AAOT team staff members (team managers and outreach workers) from two North West England AAOT teams. Twenty-eight stakeholders (clinicians, commissioners, policy makers and academics across England) were also interviewed, who were considered to be key contributors to AAOT implementation, both within and external to North West England. Framework analysis based on the CFIR was conducted, whilst allowing for inductive coding where appropriate. Overall, participants recognised AAOT as acceptable and beneficial. Three main themes were identified: organisational and individual level factors, including team culture and staff characteristics; systemic partnerships and interagency communication; and an adaptable model driven by research and evaluation. Each theme relates to various CFIR domains and constructs which were perceived to influence the implementation of AAOT. Readers are encouraged to consider the findings in the development and implementation of AAOT teams, new or existing.
Pastboon: an R package to simulate parameterized stochastic Boolean networks
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Mohammad , Marashi Sayed-Amir , Kavousi Kaveh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Summary
Influencing the behavior of a Boolean network involves applying perturbations, which, in standard deterministic Boolean networks, is equivalent to modifying the update rules. Nevertheless, manipulating update functions to make a Boolean network exhibit desired dynamics is challenging, as it requires extensive knowledge of the rationale behind the logical equations. Moreover, modifying logical rules can inadvertently alter essential functional and behavioral characteristics of the network. An alternative approach is to incorporate a set of parameters into the logical functions of Boolean networks. With such methods, one can alter the behavior of the network without needing detailed knowledge of the logical functions. We developed pastboon, an R package to simulate parameterized stochastic Boolean networks using three parameterization methods. This package enables researchers to study the phenotypic effects of various perturbations on Boolean network models describing cellular processes, which find valuable applications in systems biology.

Availability
pastboon is freely available on the R CRAN repository at https://cran.r-project.org/package=pastboon, and its source code can be accessed on GitHub at https://github.com/taherimo/pastboon.
Behavioural diversity of an insular population of Tramea darwini, with notes on Brachymesia herbida and Erythemis vesiculosa (Odonata, Libellulidae)
Authors: Cordero-Rivera Adolfo , Rivas-Torres Anais , Encalada Andrea C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Behavioural diversity is a level of biodiversity that focuses on the existence of alternative behaviours, either linked to different ecological functions or with similar functional significance. Here, we tested whether libellulid dragonflies from species-poor communities of Isabela island (Galapagos) show high diversity in their egg-laying strategies, which is the expectation if the behavioural niche is not completely filled by the relatively few species present in the community. Our results indicate that the community of odonates of these island ponds shows very high diversity of oviposition strategies, with four modes for Tramea darwini (more than any other studied population of the genus) and two for the other common libellulids, Brachymesia herbida and Erythemis vesiculosa. The most frequent oviposition strategy of T. darwini (‘tandem–oviposition–tandem’) was clearly less efficient than oviposition by females alone or under non-contact guarding, and a similar result was found for B. herbida and E. vesiculosa, whose females were more efficient when alone in comparison to oviposition under male non-contact guarding. We suggest that this paradox is attributable to sexual conflict, which favours a different behaviour in males and females.
Primary ventral and incisional hernias: comprehensive review
Authors: Henriksen Nadia A , Bougard Heather , Gonçalves Mário R , Hope William , Khare Ritu , Shao Jenny , Quiroga-Centeno Andrea C , Deerenberg Eva B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Primary ventral and incisional hernias are frequent conditions that impact the quality of life of patients. Surgical techniques for ventral hernia repair are constantly evolving and abdominal wall surgery has turned into a highly specialized field.

Methods
This is a narrative review of the most recent and relevant literature on the treatment of primary ventral and incisional hernias performed by eight experts in ventral hernia surgery from across the world and includes review of classification systems, preoperative measures, descriptions of surgical techniques, and postoperative complications.

Results
Repairs of primary ventral and incisional hernias range from simple open procedures in healthy patients with small defects to complex procedures when patients are co-morbid and have large defects. Optimizing patient-related risk factors before surgery is important to decrease complication rates. Surgical repair techniques from open repairs to minimally invasive procedures are described in detail in the review. Minimally invasive techniques are technically more demanding and take longer, but decrease the risk of surgical-site infections and shorten the duration of hospital stay.

Conclusion
Treatment of ventral hernias aims to improve the quality of life of patients. The risks and benefits of procedures should be weighed against patients’ complaints and co-morbidities. Optimizing patient-related risk factors before surgery is important.
Safety of interleukin-17A inhibitors in 306 patients with psoriasis with or without latent tuberculosis: a dual-centre retrospective study in China
Authors: Hu Kun , Liu Yizhang , Sha Yang , Zhang Mi , Jian Lu , Duan Yongfang , Lv Chengzhi , Kuang Yehong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
New interleukin (IL)-17A inhibitors seem to demonstrate smaller effects on tuberculosis (TB) reactivation than expected.

Objectives
To evaluate the risk of TB reactivation, to assess serial interferon (IFN)-γ levels, and to weigh up the risks and benefits of TB chemoprophylaxis in patients with psoriasis treated with IL-17A inhibitors.

Methods
This dual-centre study included patients with psoriasis who were treated with IL-17A inhibitors. The incidence of active TB, serial IFN-γ levels tested by IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs), adverse events (AEs) and effectiveness were evaluated through 1 year in patients with psoriasis treated with IL-17A inhibitors. According to the chemoprophylaxis treatment regimen, patients with latent TB infection (LTBI) were classified into three groups: a complete chemoprophylaxis dose regimen (CCP), an incomplete chemoprophylaxis (ICCP) or no chemoprophylaxis (NCP).

Results
In 220 IGRA-negative patients, 17 of 220 (7.3%) became IGRA positive after receiving a mean of 69.1 weeks of IL-17A inhibitor treatment. Only one case of new-onset TB was observed after 52 weeks of ixekizumab therapy. Significant changes in IFN-γ levels were observed in IGRA-negative patients. Similarly, IFN-γ levels [listed as the mean (SD)] significantly increased at 1 year compared with baseline among IGRA-positive patients in the NCP [105 (68.7) vs. 236 (80.8) pg mL−1, P &lt; 0.01] and ICCP [75.3 (48.3) vs. 608 (249) pg mL−1, P &lt; 0.001] groups, whereas the changes were not significant [125 (26.6) vs. 131 (21.7) pg mL−1, P = 0.70] in the CCP group.

Conclusions
During IL-17A inhibitor therapy, there is a need for increased awareness of annual screening and assessment of individual risk for early detection of TB infection. LTBI treatment is generally well tolerated and is effective in preventing increased IFN-γ responses in patients with psoriasis treated with IL-17A inhibitors.
Rethinking Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhosis: First, Do No Harm
Authors: Markley J Daniel , Bajaj Jasmohan S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBPPr) in patients with cirrhosis has been considered standard of care since the 1990s and is currently recommended by several major gastroenterological societies. However, the evidence supporting this practice is weak and there is no clear mortality benefit. The unintended consequences of this strategy are not insignificant, both at the patient and population level. Recent evidence suggests that SBPPr may even cause harm. Since the widespread implementation of SBPPr three decades ago, our overall approach to antibiotic use has shifted. We now recognize the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the potential harms of antibiotics, and the vital role of antimicrobial stewardship. In light recent developments and evidence, there is an urgent need for infectious disease, antimicrobial stewardship, and hepatology leaders to collaborate to develop an updated and cohesive approach to SBPPr.
Case report of a cardiac Harlequin syndrome—electrical storm during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Heinrich Maria , Maier Lars S , Müller Thomas , Lubnow Matthias , Dietl Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In sepsis-induced cardiogenic shock, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) can improve survival. Simultaneous acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) increases the risk of differential hypoxia (Harlequin syndrome). Due to desaturated blood ejected by the heart, the head becomes blue, whereas the lower body remains oxygenated by VA-ECMO. We report on an unusual cardiac manifestation, leading to electrical storm.

Case summary
We present the clinical case of a 55-year-old man. During a minor viral pneumonia, superinfection led to severe ARDS and sepsis-induced refractory cardiogenic shock. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was initiated. In progressive respiratory failure, an electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed the onset of ST-segment elevations mirroring hypoxic coronary perfusion. As the mixing zone of blood from the heart and the VA-ECMO was in the ascending aorta, hypoxia was limited to the heart. Ventricular arrhythmias recurred, until ventricular fibrillation remained refractory to defibrillation. A second return cannula was inserted into the jugular vein, and veno-arteriovenous ECMO (V-AV-ECMO) was established. After the venous return was added to the circuit, ventricular fibrillation was defibrillated and sinus rhythm remained stable. Within an hour, ST-elevations receded. Systolic function recovered to normal within 26 days.

Discussion
In severe sepsis-related cardiogenic shock, cardiac output is likely to recover. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a potential bridge to recovery. Apart from textbook knowledge, Harlequin syndrome can exclusively cause coronary ischaemia, leading to ST-segment elevations and electrical storm. ECGs reveal ST-elevations for early detection. Isolated cardiac Harlequin syndrome can be overlooked or misinterpreted as result of coronary artery disease, but needs immediate therapy to save the patient’s life (e.g. V-AV-ECMO).
Do Higher Levels of Lifetime Victimization Predict an Earlier Onset of First IADL Limitation in Later Life?
Authors: Bell Mallory J , Ren Jinnan , Sauerteig-Rolston Madison R , Ferraro Kenneth F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study examines the relationship between lifetime victimization and health in later life and asks whether level of lifetime victimization is associated with an earlier onset of an IADL limitation.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N=11,143), we construct three levels of lifetime victimization (none, monovictimization, and polyvictimization). We use Weibull accelerated failure time models to examine the relationship between level of lifetime victimization and onset of an IADL limitation.

Results
Monovictimization and polyvictimization were associated respectively with a 9% and 18% earlier time to onset of an IADL limitation compared to individuals who did not experience victimization. Additionally, polyvictimization respondents had an earlier onset of an IADL limitation compared to monovictimization respondents.

Discussion and Implications
Lifetime victimization is a life course antecedent to IADL limitations in later life, especially among individuals who have experienced multiple types of victimization. Future research should examine resources that slow health declines among people who have experienced victimization.
Examining ED Utilization and Hospital Admissions among Older Undocumented Immigrants: Insights from a Primary Care County Program
Authors: Haro-Ramos Alein Y , Axeen Sarah , Gorman Anna , Schneberk Todd , Ro Annie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Limited access to preventive healthcare among undocumented immigrants may increase healthcare needs with age, leading to higher Emergency Department (ED) utilization and hospitalizations. While county programs like My Health LA (MHLA) in Los Angeles County (LAC), California, provide primary care to older undocumented adults, our understanding of the group’s specific health issues prompting ED visits and potential legal status differences in ensuing hospital admissions is limited.
We compared legal status differences in the likelihood of an ED-originating hospital admission among older immigrant patients in LAC. We examined the top 10 diagnostic categories for undocumented (MHLA and non-MHLA participants) and documented patients to understand the health conditions that bring older immigrants to the ED and those that result in hospital admission.

Research Design and Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 239,861 ED encounters from 2016 to 2020 across three LAC safety-net hospitals involving immigrant patients aged 50+. Multivariable mixed-effects models estimated the relationship between patient legal status and odds of ED-originating hospital admission.

Results
Undocumented patient encounters, both MHLA (OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.71-0.78) and non-MHLA (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.91), were less likely to result in ED-originating hospital admissions than documented patient encounters. The top clinical reasons for treat-and-release (i.e., ED visits discharged home) visits and ED-originating hospital admissions among undocumented immigrants were similar to those of their documented counterparts.

Discussions and Implications
Older undocumented patients in MHLA were less likely to be admitted following an ED visit. Health programs should be designed for both documented and undocumented patients.
Emotional assertiveness: China's coercive diplomacy against non-state actors
Authors: Forsby Andreas B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While the economic, political and military instruments of China's coercive diplomacy have been intensely studied in recent years, its emotional dimension has largely been overlooked. This article investigates China's ‘emotional assertiveness’ as a distinct discursive practice of coercion in which state representatives publicly express moral indignation and urge offenders to apologise for violating China's red lines. It examines several western non-state actors targeted by China in this way, as these unexplored cases provide a unique perspective on the role played by emotions in state coercive diplomacy. Specifically, they demonstrate how identity-related emotionalized concerns, rather than instrumental and strategic considerations, may sometimes constitute the underlying motivational driver of China's assertiveness. Apart from carving out new space for a non-rationalist approach to coercive diplomacy within the International Relations discipline, the article develops the key components of China's emotional assertiveness, arguing that it is fuelled by moral indignation, rather than anger; is triggered by a perceived wrong; is nurtured by identity-related concerns; and is manifested in repeated demands for repentance. To illustrate China's practice of emotional assertiveness, the article analyses two specific cases: Intel's instruction in 2021 to its suppliers to avoid products from Xinjiang and an opinion piece that appeared in the Wall Street Journal in early 2020, titled ‘China is the real sick man of Asia’.