bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal spinal curvature and influencing factors in children and adolescents in Hangzhou
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Jiang Xiujun , Zhang Wenhui , Hao Li , Wu Shangxi , Zhang Yuting , Xu Hong , Zhu Bing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature among primary and secondary school students in Hangzhou city, and provide ideas for the formulation of abnormal spinal curvature prevention and control measures. Methods Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 5,652 students of primary and junior high school from 24 schools were investigated via questionnaires and abnormal spinal curvature screening in Hangzhou. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen possible risk factors of abnormal spinal curvature. Results The overall abnormal spinal curvature rate was 2.23%, with the increase of the school period, the prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature among students showing upward trend (χ2 = 90.679,P<0.001). The abnormal spinal curvature prevalence in boys is higher than that in girls (χ2 = 0.507,P = 0.477); the prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature in urban students is higher than that in suburban students (χ2 = 49.954,P<0.001). Accommodation at school is independently associated with higher prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature. Moreover, outdoor activity time ≥ 2h per day in the past one week, overweight, always maintain correct sitting and standing posture are protective factors for abnormal spinal curvature. Conclusions The abnormal spinal curvature prevalence among children and adolescents in Hangzhou is at a relatively low level, and is affected by most factors such as accommodation at school, outdoor activity time, Body Mass Index, sitting and standing posture, needing collaboration of school, students and parents to strengthen screening and prevention.
The curvature modeling for the double layered clad plate by asymmetric rolling with different diameters
Authors: Jiang Lianyun , Liang Jiale , Chen Yafei , Shi Jianhui , Ma Lifeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The plate curvature model plays an important role in the prediction and control of the double layered clad plate. However, there is currently no such a fast, precise and stable plate curvature model, and the actual shear stress on the cross section is uneven distributed actually which is conflicted with the uniform assumption of the traditional model. Based on the non-uniform distribution, this paper innovatively presents a theoretical plate curvature model using the flow function method and the upper bound method together without the complex stress analysis. The inlet boundary conditions of the model are more accurate modified and optimized as nonlinear functions. The velocity field and strain rate field were built depending on the flow function field. The plastic deformation, shear and friction power were developed by the five-node Gauss-Legendre quadrature method. The post-rolling strain model was obtained by integrating the positive strain rate and shear strain rate with time. The curvature model was constructed by calculating the curvature due to linear and shear strain differences. To demonstrate the validity of the theoretical model, the experiments and the simulation were conducted. The results showed that the relative deviation of the numerical values va and vb is less than 10.0%, accounting for 95.1% and 95.4%, compared with theoretical values. The shear power difference between layer a and b is the main reason for bending. The bending phenomenon appeared the outlet section of the plate, and the velocity difference provided the shear stress required for bending. The increase of the diameter ratios lead to the increase of the shear strain difference and shear power, and it leads to an increase in the total curvature. To certify the precision of the curvature model, the deviation of the theoretical peak curvature values is 12.05%, and the average deviation is 5.92%, compared with the simulation and experiments. The model can quickly grasp the affecting law of key rolling process parameters on curvature, which will provide theoretical and technical basis for rolling process.
Effects of pretreatment on the microcharacterization and fermentation of bamboo shoot shells
Authors: Zhou Tengmian , Li Meiqun , Zeng Baiquan , Chen Jinjiao , Xiang Chun , Hu Chunfeng , Yang Ming , Meng Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the pretreatment and characterization of natural fibers from the bamboo shoot shell(BSS) of Phyllostachys hterocycla, a species of bamboo, to determine their suitability as biorefining materials. The discarded bamboo shoot shell was used for fiber extraction, and the resulting fibers were analyzed for their physical, chemical, and microstructure properties.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction spectra and scanning electron microscopy also confirmed that a mixture of sodium hydroxide immersion plus high-pressure steam treatment allowed the cellulose structure to be disrupted, providing more adsorption sites for cellulases.Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) also showed that the internal structure of the fibers was eluted.The cellulaseproduced by (Trichoderma green and Aspergillus niger) reducing sugar yields produced also increased by 267.69% and 250.57%, compared to unpretreated BSS fibers.This strategy may apply to many industries, especially biorefining and lignocellulose biotransformation technology.
Diagnosis and management of false-positive intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and illustrative cases.
Authors: Konovalov Anton , Gadzhiagaev Vadim , Artemyev Anton , Okishev Dmitriy , Pilipenko Yuri , Grebenev Fyodor , Eliava Shalva 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose: To systematically review existing data on a false-positive diagnosis of an intracranial aneurysms and associated risks.
Methods: A literature search in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using keywords "mimicking an intracranial aneurysm", "presenting as an intracranial aneurysm", "false positive intracranial aneurysms," and "neurosurgery” was conducted. We also presented two illustrative cases of patients operated on due to false diagnosis.
Results: A total of 243 papers were found in the initial search in two databases. Sixteenpapers (including 20 patients) were included in the final analysis. There were 10 women and 10 men. The most common location of false-positive aneurysms was the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. In the posterior circulation, false-positive aneurysms were identified either on the basilar artery, or at the vertebro-basilar junction. Artery occlusion with vascular stump formation was the most common cause of false intracranial aneurysm diagnosis (55.0%). Most often, this variant was detected at the MCA bifurcation (63.6%). Other causes included infundibular widening, fenestration, arterial dissection, contrast extravasation, venous varix.
Conclusion: Surgical interventions for false-positive aneurysms are an underestimated problem in vascular neurosurgery. Despite extremely rare published clinical observations, the actual frequency of erroneous surgical interventions for false-positive aneurysms is unknown.
A Deep Learning Approach to Hard Exudates Detection and Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers Identification on OCT images
Authors: Toto Lisa , Romano Anna , Pavan Marco , Degl’Innocenti Dante , Olivotto Valentina , Formenti Federico , Viggiano Pasquale , Midena Edoardo , Mastropasqua Rodolfo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to detect to detect Hard Exudates (HE) and classify Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers (DRIL) implementing a Deep Learning (DL) system on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME). We collected a dataset composed of 442 OCT images on which we annotated 6847 HE and the presence of DRIL. We defined a complex operational pipeline to implement data cleaning and image transformations, and train two DL models. We exploited state-of-the-art neural network architectures (Yolov7, ConvNeXt, RegNetX) and advanced techniques to aggregate the results (Ensemble learning, Edge detection) and obtain a final model. In order to evaluate our DL system on the HE detection we calculated the AP@0.5, Precision and Recall, while for the DRIL classification, we computed the overall Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Area Under the ROC Curve, and Area Under the Precision-Recall values. Kappa coefficient and P-value were used to prove the statistical significance level. The DL approach reached good performance in detecting HE and classifying DRIL. Regarding HE detection the model got an AP@0.5 score equal to 34.4% with Precision of 48.7% and Recall of 43.1%; while for DRIL classification we obtained an Accuracy of 91.1% with Sensitivity and Specificity both of 91,1% and AUC and AUPR values equal to 91%. The P-value was lower than 0.05 and the Kappa coefficient was 0.82. The DL models proved to be able to identify HE and DRIL in eyes with DME with a very good accuracy and all the metrics calculated confirmed the system performance. Our DL approach demonstrated to be a good candidate as a supporting tool for ophthalmologists in OCT images analysis.
Stunting among children under five years with disabilities in Bugesera District, Rwanda: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Emmanuel Nkurunziza , Erigene Rutayisire , Kevin Nwanna Uchechukwu , Habtu Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Global burden of disease report shows that 49.8 million children under the age of five worldwide suffer from disabilities together with other difficulties. The most prevalent of these problems is stunting, which negatively impacts children's physical health, growth, mental development, and resilience to disease. This heightened burden is attributed to inadequate food intake, exacerbating their nutritional status and worsening their overall well-being, particularly in developing countries like Rwanda. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stunting and its associated factors among disabled children under the age of five in Bugesera district, Rwanda.
Method
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A multistage sampling technique was applied where the first eight sectors out of 15 were randomly selected then participants were selected using a simple random technique based on probability proportion to size (PPS) in each sector. Weight was obtained using a standard electronic balance scale while height was measured using a wooden height board and children less than 24 months lengths were obtained in recumbent position. Height for age was classified according to WHO z-score standards with the help of the zscore06 stata function. Independent factors including sociodemographic and socio-economic factors were obtained through an administered questionnaire. The description of independent variables was done using frequencies and percentages. The chi-square (χ2) test was applied to determine the associated factors of stunting among children with disabilities. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test the strength of the association. The significance level was set at 5%.
Results
In total 265 children were recruited and the majority were aged between 25-59 months and more than half 59.66% were males. The prevalence of stunting among disabled children under the age of five was 44.91%. The factors positively associated with stunning after running multiple logistic regression were: age 25-59 months (aOR = 4.18 [95% CI: 1.71 - 10.23]), incomplete child immunization (aOR = 4.4 [95% CI: 1.16 - 16.69]), and rural residence (aOR = 3.08 [95% CI: 1.05 - 8.99]. However, the father’s education in primary school was a protective factor compared to those with no education ([aOR=0.52 [95% CI: 0.30- 0.90]).
Conclusion
The prevalence of stunting among under-five children with disabilities is high and being in preschool age, incomplete child immunization, and living in rural are associated with high risk of stunting among these children. There is a need to address stunting among disabled children through a strong program on parental education about nutritional guidance and support, as well as providing high-quality healthcare including child full immunization.
A robust approach for computing solutions of fractional-order two-dimensional Helmholtz equation
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Li Zitian , Kumar Devendra , Alsayaad Yahya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In ocean engineering, the Helmholtz equation plays a crucial role in the study of wave propagation, underwater acoustics, and the behavior of waves in the ocean environment. The equation is used to describe how waves, such as sound waves or electromagnetic waves, propagate through the ocean. This paper presents the Elzaki transform residual power series method (ET-RPSM) for the analytical treatment of fractional-order Helmholtz equation. To develop this scheme, we combine the Elzaki transform (ET) with the residual power series method (RPSM). The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The ET is capable of handling the fractional order and turning the problems into a recurrence form. We implement the RPSM in such a way that this recurrence relation generates the results in the form of an iterative series. Some numerical applications are considered to demonstrate the efficiency and authenticity of this scheme. The obtained series are determined very quickly and converge to the exact solution only after a few iterations. Graphical plots and absolute error are shown to observe the authenticity of this suggested approach.
Effect of 2000-meter rowing test on parameters of intestinal integrity in elite rowers during competitive phase - observational study.
Authors: Dziewiecka Hanna , Ostapiuk-Karolczuk Joanna , Kasperska Anna , Cichoń Justyna , Basta Piotr , Skarpańska-Stejnborn Anna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The epithelial wall leakage has been extensively studied in sports disciplines like running and cycling. However, little is known about gut permeability in other disciplines, like rowing, especially after the regular competition performance distance of 2000 meters. Therefore, our study aimed to check gut permeability after the 2000-meter rowing test in the annual training cycle. The study was performed at the beginning of a competitive training phase. Eighteen elite rowers of the Polish Rowing Team participated in study after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The participants performed a 2000-meter ergometer test. Blood samples were taken before the test, after exercise, and after 1-hour of restitution. Parameters, such as I-FABP, LPS, LBP, and zonulin, were determined using appropriate biochemical tests. There were no changes between pre- and post-exercise values in I-FABP, LBP, LPS, and zonulin. However, the I-FABP changed from 6,49 ± 2,15 to 8,3 ± 2,71 (ng/ml) during the recovery period, and LBP decreased from 2,73 ± 0,77 to 2,035 ± 0,53 (µg/ml) simultaneously. Other parameters have not changed. The results of this study showed that intense physical effort performed during the training period is sufficient to negatively affect the gut integrity of rowers.
Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and stress urinary incontinence: Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Chao , Yang Yi , Li Hui , Wen hui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous observational studies have found an association between vitamin D and stress urinary incontinence(SUI), but it remains controversial and the causal relationship is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the causal relationship between vitamin D and stress urinary incontinence through a Mendelian randomization study.
Methods
Summary statistics for 25(OH)D and SUI were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To explore the potential causal relationship between them, MR analysis was applied. The causal effects were mainly estimated using the standard inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Additionally, complementary and sensitivity analyses were conducted using various methods to ensure the accuracy of the results.
Results
Genetically determined stress incontinence did not correlate with 25(OH)D levels (all P > 0.05, 95% CI for OR passed 1), and did not support a causal effect between 25(OH)D and stress incontinence (IVW OR: 1.002259, 95% CI: 0.9991954–1.005332, P = 0.1485497).
Conclusion
Our results found no causal relationship between 25(OH)D and stress urinary incontinence.; further observational studies and clinical trials are warranted.
Coexistence of indural meningioma and schwannoma in different segments of the cervical spine:a case report and literature review
Authors: FU Songning , Xu Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:Complications of schwannoma with meningioma in the spinal canal are rare and associated with schwannomatosis. To improve clinicians’ understanding of schwannoma and meningioma coexisting in different cervical spine segments, we analysed the clinical manifestations and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures through a case report and literature review.
Case Presentation: The patient was a 54-year-old male with numbness and weakness of the limbs for more than one year, aggravated by difficulty in walking and weak bowel movements for three months. The main clinical manifestation was asymmetric cervical spinal cord compression in the left and right limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a rounded abnormal signal in the spinal canal at the cervical 2 vertebrae level, 1.5–1.7 cm in size, a low-signal shadow in T1-weighted sequences, and a high-signal shadow in T2 fat-suppressed sequences. A nodular abnormal signal 1.3–1.6 cm in size was seen in the cervical canal at the cervical 6–7 vertebrae level. An equal-signal shadow and an abnormal signal were seen in T1-weighted sequences; an equal-signal shadow was also evident in T2-weighted sequences. The T2 fat-suppressed sequences showed uneven and slightly high-signal shadows, all of which compressed the corresponding segments of the spinal cord. The preliminary diagnosis was multiple lesions in the cervical spinal canal. Pathological examination revealed that the mass at cervical level 2 was a schwannoma, and the mass at cervical level 6–7 was a meningioma. High-throughput DNA sequencing showed the patient had mutations in the SMARCB1 and LZTR1 genes. The patient underwent posterior cervical laminectomy, intradural excision of the mass, and fusion with internal fixation. After surgery, the patient’s pain disappeared, and sensation and muscle strength recovered significantly.
Conclusions:When a single tumour cannot explain complex signs, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of concurrent tumours. Appropriate decompression and fixation methods should be selected based on a comprehensive assessment of the spinal biomechanics and neurological symptoms of the patient. For symptomatic patients with schwannomatosis, multifaceted interventions should be used to improve their long-term quality of life.
Crown fires remove a fire-sensitive canopy dominant from oak-juniper woodlands
Authors: Reemts Charlotte M , Picinich Carla , Sperry Jinelle H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
In central Texas, re-sprouting oaks (Quercus spp.) co-occur with the non-resprouting Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei). The region’s mature oak-juniper woodlands are the only nesting habitat for the endangered golden-cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia). We studied long-term recovery of woodland structure and species composition after single and repeated crown fires on three site types (mesas and slopes with shallow soils and deeper savanna soils).
Results
Understory density of non-juniper species, including oaks, was up to four times higher after the second fire compared to the first fire for the first 2–3 years. On once-burned sites, non-juniper tree density exceeded unburned levels after 14–24 years, indicating successful replacement of hardwood trees (24 years vs unburned, mesa: 481 ± 254 vs 155 ± 137 stems ha− 1; slope: 910 ± 330 vs 251 ± 103 stems ha− 1; deep: 679 ± 250 vs 251 ± 103 stems ha− 1). Non-juniper tree basal area recovered more slowly on slopes and deep soils than on mesas but reached unburned levels by 14–24 years (24 years vs unburned, mesa: 2 ± 1 vs 1 ± 2 m2 ha− 1; slope: 5 ± 2 vs 3 ± 2 m2 ha− 1; deep: 6 ± 2 vs 8 ± 9 m2 ha− 1). Ashe juniper, however, remained almost completely absent from burned woodlands. After 24 years, juniper tree density on once-burned sites was much lower compared to unburned sites (mesa: 6 ± 10 vs 691 ± 410 stems ha− 1; slope: 20 ± 17 vs 731 ± 183 stems ha− 1; deep: 50 ± 71 vs 317 ± 297 stems ha− 1). Juniper trees were still absent from twice-burned sites in year 11 and understory density was recovering more slowly, at least on slopes (one fire: 224 ± 206 stems ha− 1; two fires: 26 ± 47 stems ha− 1). Juniper recovery was explained in part by distance to the wildfire perimeter, suggesting that regeneration is limited by dispersal.
Conclusions
Oaks and other species successfully recruited after one and two fires, likely due to low deer densities. Ashe juniper recovered very slowly, especially after the second fire, and juniper recovery was limited by dispersal. Our data show that mixed woodlands in the Edwards Plateau can only exist in areas with very long intervals between crown fires. Given the long-term consequences of crown fires for golden-cheeked warbler habitat, maintenance of mature oak-juniper woodlands will require protection from extreme fire.
Risk factors and outcome of hyponatremia in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Ogawa Shoji , Hosokawa Takafumi , Hayakawa Chizuko , Sawai Taiki , Kakiuchi Kensuke , Nishioka Daisuke , Yoshimoto Yukiyo , Masuda Yuichi , Nakamura Yoshitsugu , Ota Shin , Arawaka Shigeki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors and outcomes associated with hyponatremia in patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). We retrospectively studied 80 consecutive patients with GBS who visited our hospital and compared clinical, laboratory, and electrophysiological findings of patients with and without hyponatremia. Disability was evaluated using the Hughes grading system. The well-established Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (EGOS) prognostic model was used for covariate adjustment to examine the independent association between hyponatremia and patient outcomes. Of the 80 patients, 18 (23%) had hyponatremia. Hyponatremia was significantly associated with older age (P = 0.003), autonomic dysfunction (P < 0.0001), higher Hughes grade at peak (P < 0.001), acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy subtype (P = 0.017), and poor outcome (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis performed to assess the risk factors of hyponatremia revealed that a Hughes grade at peak ≥ 4 (odds ratio [OR] 6.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–35.2; P = 0.034) and autonomic dysfunction (OR 11.3, 95% CI 2.1–59.7; P = 0.004) were significant independent risk factors of hyponatremia. In assessing the outcomes of patients with hyponatremia, the EGOS-adjusted analyses showed that hyponatremia was significantly and independently associated with poor outcome (OR 15.0, 95% CI 1.2–194.4; P = 0.038). Therefore, we demonstrate that, along with disease severity, autonomic dysfunction is a risk factor of hyponatremia in GBS. Moreover, we confirm that hyponatremia is associated with poor outcome in GBS.