bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive evaluation of similarity between synthetic and real CT images for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Siqi , Chen Xinyuan , Liu Yuxiang , Zhu Ji , Men Kuo , Dai Jianrong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-to-computed tomography (CT) synthesis studies based on deep learning have significantly progressed, the similarity between synthetic CT (sCT) and real CT (rCT) has only been evaluated in image quality metrics (IQMs). To evaluate the similarity between synthetic CT (sCT) and real CT (rCT) comprehensively, we comprehensively evaluated IQMs and radiomic features for the first time.

Methods
This study enrolled 127 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent CT and MRI scans. Supervised-learning (Unet) and unsupervised-learning (CycleGAN) methods were applied to build MRI-to-CT synthesis models. The regions of interest (ROIs) included nasopharynx gross tumor volume (GTVnx), brainstem, parotid glands, and temporal lobes. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and structural similarity (SSIM) were used to evaluate image quality. Additionally, 837 radiomic features were extracted for each ROI, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).

Results
The MAE, RMSE, SSIM, and PSNR of the body were 91.99, 187.12, 0.97, and 51.15 for Unet and 108.30, 211.63, 0.96, and 49.84 for CycleGAN. For the metrics, Unet was superior to CycleGAN (P < 0.05). For the radiomic features, the percentage of four levels (i.e., excellent, good, moderate, and poor, respectively) were as follows: GTVnx, 8.5%, 14.6%, 26.5%, and 50.4% for Unet and 12.3%, 25%, 38.4%, and 24.4% for CycleGAN; other ROIs, 5.44% ± 3.27%, 5.56% ± 2.92%, 21.38% ± 6.91%, and 67.58% ± 8.96% for Unet and 5.16% ± 1.69%, 3.5% ± 1.52%, 12.68% ± 7.51%, and 78.62% ± 8.57% for CycleGAN.

Conclusions
Unet-sCT was superior to CycleGAN-sCT for the IQMs. However, neither exhibited absolute superiority in radiomic features, and both were far less similar to rCT. Therefore, further work is required to improve the radiomic similarity for MRI-to-CT synthesis.
Trial registration: This study was a retrospective study, so it was free from registration.
A comparison between physical therapy clinics with high and low rehabilitation volumes of patients with ACL reconstruction
Authors: Simonsson Rebecca , Högberg Johan , Lindskog Jakob , Piussi Ramana , Sundberg Axel , Sansone Mikael , Samuelsson Kristian , Thomeé Roland , Hamrin Senorski Eric 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment volume can impact outcomes after surgical procedures of the knee between surgeons with high- and low-patient-volumes. However, the difference between physical therapeutic clinics with high- and low-volumes has not been widely researched. This registry study aims to investigate how patient volume affects knee function outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction at physical therapy (PT) clinics in terms of odds for a second ACL injury, return to pre-injury level of activity, perceived knee function, and recovery of strength and hop performance.MethodData were extracted from the Project ACL, a local rehabilitation registry. High- and low-volume clinics were defined based on the number of patients who attended different clinics. High-volume clinics were defined as those with > 100 patient registrations in Project ACL during the study period while low-volume clinics were those with ≤ 100 patient registrations. High- and low-volume clinics were compared, based on muscle function and patient-reported outcomes across 4 follow-ups, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12 months, during the first year after ACL reconstruction, and odds of second ACL injury up to 2 years after ACL reconstruction.ResultOf the 115 rehabilitation clinics included, 111 were classified as low-volume clinics and included 733 patients, and 4 as high-volume clinics which included 1221 patients. There were 31 (1.6%) second ACL injuries to the ipsilateral or contralateral side within the first 12 months and 68 (4.0%) within 2 years. No difference in the incidence of a second ACL injury, within 12 months follow-up odds ratio (OR) 0.95 [95% CI 0.46–1.97] or within 2 years follow-up OR 1.13 [95% CI 0.68–1.88], was found between high- and low-volume clinics. There were early (2 months) and non-clinically relevant differences in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and physical activity levels early after ACL reconstruction in favor of high-volume clinics. One year after ACL reconstruction, no differences were observed between high- and low-volume clinics in terms of PROs, muscle function, and return to pre-injury level of activity.ConclusionNo clinically relevant difference in the incidence of secondary ACL injuries in patients who underwent rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction at high- or low-volume physical therapist clinics was found. In addition, no clinically relevant differences in outcomes were found during the first year in terms of patient-reported outcomes, recovery of muscle function, or return to pre-injury level of activity.
Finite element analysis of the use of two new types of internal fixation for acetabular fractures
Authors: Lv Guanggui , Chen Xianglong , Wu Hui , Wu Guilong , Huang Yinglin , Huang Guixiong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Both-column fracture is a common type of acetabular fracture and is sometimes accompanied by a comminuted fracture of the quadrilateral area. Such fractures are difficult to anatomically reduce and securely fix. In this study, the authors compared the application value and mechanical properties of the Bespoke 3D-printed titanium alloy plates and Union Plate in acetabular both-column fractures.

Methods
A both-column fracture model of the acetabulum was established, and the Bespoke 3D-printed titanium alloy plates, Union Plate and a common reconstruction plate were used for fixation. External loads were applied to the model at different angles, and the effects on the plates and the stress and displacement of the screws were determined.

Results
Under different states of hip joint activity, the maximum stress experienced by the Bespoke 3D-printed titanium alloy plates and Union Plate was significantly smaller than the maximum stress experienced by the common reconstruction plate. The Bespoke 3D-printed titanium alloy plates experienced the lowest maximum stress under different hip joint motions. There was no statistically significant difference between the maximum displacement of the Bespoke 3D-printed titanium alloy plates and Union Plate and that of the common reconstructed plate.

Conclusions
The design of the Bespoke 3D-printed titanium alloy plates imparts a smaller maximum stress and better mechanical properties when repairing acetabular both-column fractures.
Instruments to assess post-intensive care syndrome assessment: a scoping review and modified Delphi method study
Authors: Nakanishi Nobuto , Liu Keibun , Kawauchi Akira , Okamura Masatsugu , Tanaka Kohei , Katayama Sho , Mitani Yuki , Ota Kohei , Taito Shunsuke , Fudeyasu Kenichi , Masuka Yuki , Yoshihiro Shodai , Utsumi Shu , Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Masuda Mamoru , Iida Yuki , Kawai Yusuke , Hatakeyama Junji , Hifumi Toru , Unoki Takeshi , Kawakami Daisuke , Obata Kengo , Katsukawa Hajime , Sumita Hidenori , Morisawa Tomoyuki , Takahashi Masahiro , Tsuboi Norihiko , Kozu Ryo , Takaki Shunsuke , Haruna Junpei , Fujinami Yoshihisa , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Miyamoto Kyohei , Nakamura Kensuke , Kondo Yutaka , Inoue Shigeaki , Nishida Osamu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The assessment of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is challenging due to the numerous types of instruments. We herein attempted to identify and propose recommendations for instruments to assess PICS in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review to identify PICS follow-up studies at and after hospital discharge between 2014 and 2022. Assessment instruments used more than two times were included in the modified Delphi consensus process. A modified Delphi meeting was conducted three times by the PICS committee of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and each score was rated as not important (score: 1–3), important, but not critical (4–6), and critical (7–9). We included instruments with ≥ 70% of respondents rating critical and ≤ 15% of respondents rating not important.

Results
In total, 6972 records were identified in this scoping review, and 754 studies were included in the analysis. After data extraction, 107 PICS assessment instruments were identified. The modified Delphi meeting reached 20 PICS assessment instrument recommendations: (1) in the physical domain: the 6-min walk test, MRC score, and grip strength, (2) in cognition: MoCA, MMSE, and SMQ, (3) in mental health: HADS, IES-R, and PHQ-9, (4) in the activities of daily living: the Barthel Index, IADL, and FIM, (5) in quality of life: SF-36, SF-12, EQ-5D-5L, 3L, and VAS (6), in sleep and pain: PSQI and Brief Pain Inventory, respectively, and (7) in the PICS-family domain: SF-36, HADS, and IES-R.

Conclusion
Based on a scoping review and the modified Delphi method, 20 PICS assessment instruments are recommended to assess physical, cognitive, mental health, activities of daily living, quality of life, sleep, and pain in ICU survivors and their families.
Dynamic postural control in women athletes with and without nonspecific low back pain with high and low pain-related anxiety- A case-control study
Authors: Amerian Zahra , ShahAli Shabnam , Rezaeian Zahra Sadat , Shanbehzadeh Sanaz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Low back pain is common among athletes and it has been shown that postural control is altered in the general population with nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP). Psychological factors may also predispose individuals to risk of altered postural control. Dynamic postural control is essential to the performance of athletes. This study aimed to compare the dynamic postural control between women athletes with and without NSLBP with high and low pain-related anxiety.

Methods
Forty-five female athletes (15 NSLBP with high pain-related anxiety, 15 NSLBP with low pain-related anxiety, and 15 healthy (control)) were included. Pain-related anxiety was assessed using the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale-20 (PASS-20). Based on the cut-off score of 30 for the total score of PASS-20, NSLBP patients were classified into two groups of low and high pain-related anxiety. Participants performed double-leg vertical drop jump (DVJ) and single-leg vertical jump (SVJ) tests on a Kistler force plate (type 9260AA6, Kistler Instruments Inc, Switzerland). The total root mean square (RMS) of the center of pressure (COP), COP displacement in the anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) directions, COP mean velocity, and time to stabilization (TTS) in vertical, AP, and total directions were extracted from COP and ground reaction force data using MATLAB software. One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch’s ANOVA were employed to compare the groups. In case of significant findings, post hoc tests were performed.

Results
The results showed that during DJV, athletes with high pain-related anxiety had significantly greater TTS in all total, AP, and ML directions than other groups (P < 0.05). Also, the control group showed greater total RMS distance during DJV than either NSLBP group. However, no significant differences in TTS and COP parameters were found between the groups during SVJ (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that pain-related anxiety may contribute to athletes’ postural control strategies. Therefore, it is important to consider the level of pain-related anxiety during planning postural control exercises for women athletes with NSLBP.
Artificial CT images can enhance variation of case images in diagnostic radiology skills training
Authors: Hofmeijer Elfi Inez Saïda , Wu Sheng-Chih , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Slump Cornelis Herman , van der Heijden Ferdi , Tan Can Ozan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
We sought to investigate if artificial medical images can blend with original ones and whether they adhere to the variable anatomical constraints provided.

Methods
Artificial images were generated with a generative model trained on publicly available standard and low-dose chest CT images (805 scans; 39,803 2D images), of which 17% contained evidence of pathological formations (lung nodules). The test set (90 scans; 5121 2D images) was used to assess if artificial images (512 × 512 primary and control image sets) blended in with original images, using both quantitative metrics and expert opinion. We further assessed if pathology characteristics in the artificial images can be manipulated.

Results
Primary and control artificial images attained an average objective similarity of 0.78 ± 0.04 (ranging from 0 [entirely dissimilar] to 1[identical]) and 0.76 ± 0.06, respectively. Five radiologists with experience in chest and thoracic imaging provided a subjective measure of image quality; they rated artificial images as 3.13 ± 0.46 (range of 1 [unrealistic] to 4 [almost indistinguishable to the original image]), close to their rating of the original images (3.73 ± 0.31). Radiologists clearly distinguished images in the control sets (2.32 ± 0.48 and 1.07 ± 0.19). In almost a quarter of the scenarios, they were not able to distinguish primary artificial images from the original ones.

Conclusion
Artificial images can be generated in a way such that they blend in with original images and adhere to anatomical constraints, which can be manipulated to augment the variability of cases.

Critical relevance statement
Artificial medical images can be used to enhance the availability and variety of medical training images by creating new but comparable images that can blend in with original images.

Key points
• Artificial images, similar to original ones, can be created using generative networks.
• Pathological features of artificial images can be adjusted through guiding the network.
• Artificial images proved viable to augment the depth and broadening of diagnostic training.

Graphical Abstract
Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins
Authors: Blümke Alexander , Ijeoma Erica , Simon Jessica , Wellington Rachel , Purwaningrum Medania , Doulatov Sergei , Leber Elizabeth , Scatena Marta , Giachelli Cecilia M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts.

Methods
In this study, we compared the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. The results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages.

Results
Embryoid body-based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts.

Conclusions
The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
Duck Tembusu virus induces incomplete autophagy via the ERK/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathways to promote viral replication in neuronal cells
Authors: Wang Qing , Jiang Yaqian , Bao Guangbin , Yao Weiping , Yang Qing , Chen Shuyue , Wang Guijun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a neurotropic virus in the genus Flavivirus that causes massive economic losses to the poultry industry in China and neighbouring countries. Autophagy is pivotal in cellular responses to pathogens and in viral pathogenesis. However, little is known about the roles of autophagy in DTMUV replication and viral pathogenesis, especially in neuropathogenesis. In this study, mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a) were used to establish a cell model of DTMUV infection. Our experiments indicated that DTMUV infection induced incomplete autophagy in Neuro-2a cells. Then, we used different autophagy regulators to alter the autophagy induced by DTMUV and found that incomplete autophagy promoted DTMUV replication. Furthermore, we showed that DTMUV infection activated the ERK and AMPK pathways, resulting in decreased phosphorylation of the autophagy repressor mTOR, subsequently leading to autophagic induction. In addition, we utilized ICR mice in an animal model of DTMUV infection to evaluate the autophagic responses in brain tissues and investigate the effects of autophagy on viral replication and tissue lesions. Our results confirmed that DTMUV induced incomplete autophagy in mouse brain tissues and that autophagy inducer treatment promoted DTMUV replication and aggravated DTMUV-induced lesions, whereas autophagy inhibitor treatment had the opposite effects. In summary, DTMUV infection induced incomplete autophagy through the ERK/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathways to promote viral replication in mouse neuronal cells, and DTMUV-induced incomplete autophagy contributed to the neuropathogenesis of DTMUV.
Predictors of police response time: a scoping review
Authors: Verlaan Tim , Ruiter Stijn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
As rapid response has been a key policing strategy for police departments around the globe, so has police response time been a key performance indicator. This scoping review maps and assesses the variables that predict police response time.

Methods
This review considers empirical studies, written in english, that include quantitative data from which an association between the outcome variable police response time and any predictor can be observed or derived. This review provides both a narrative synthesis as well as what we termed a hybrid synthesis, a novel way of synthesizing a large quantitative dataset which is considered too rich for a mere narrative synthesis and yet does not allow for meta-analysis.

Results
The search, screening and selection process yielded 39 studies, which presented 630 associations between 122 unique predictor variables and police response time. In order to present the results in a digestible way, we classified these into categories and subcategories. All methodological steps and the findings are made public: https://github.com/timverlaan/prt.

Conclusions
Most of the conclusion and discussion focuses on lessons learned and recommendations for future research, as it proved hard to draw any definitive conclusions on causal factors related to police response time. We recommend that future studies clearly describe mechanisms, focus on the components of police response time (reporting time, dispatch time, travel time—or a combination of these), attempt to standardize predictors and outcome variables, and we call for more research into reporting time. We conclude this review with a first attempt at deriving a causal model of police response time from the subcategories of predictor variables we observed in the empirical studies included in this review.
Trail Registration: https://osf.io/hu2e9.
Microbiota-indole 3-propionic acid-brain axis mediates abnormal synaptic pruning of hippocampal microglia and susceptibility to ASD in IUGR offspring
Authors: Wang Tingting , Chen Beidi , Luo Mingcui , Xie Lulu , Lu Mengxi , Lu Xiaoqian , Zhang Shuai , Wei Liyi , Zhou Xinli , Yao Baozhen , Wang Hui , Xu Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Results
We found that the IUGR rat model induced by prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) showed ASD-like symptoms, accompanied by altered gut microbiota and reduced production of indole 3-propionic acid (IPA), a microbiota-specific metabolite and a ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). IUGR children also had a reduced serum IPA level consistent with the animal model. We demonstrated that the dysregulated IPA/AHR/NF-κB signaling caused by disturbed gut microbiota mediated the hippocampal microglia hyperactivation and neuronal synapse over-pruning in the PCE-induced IUGR rats. Moreover, postnatal IPA supplementation restored the ASD-like symptoms and the underlying hippocampal lesions in the IUGR rats.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the microbiota-IPA-brain axis regulates ASD susceptibility in PCE-induced IUGR offspring, and supplementation of microbiota-derived IPA might be a promising interventional strategy for ASD with a fetal origin.
Different roles of host and habitat in determining the microbial communities of plant-feeding true bugs
Authors: Yang Zi-Wen , Luo Jiu-Yang , Men Yu , Liu Zhi-Hui , Zheng Zi-Kai , Wang Yan-Hui , Xie Qiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The true bugs (Heteroptera) occupy nearly all of the known ecological niches of insects. Among them, as a group containing more than 30,000 species, the phytophagous true bugs are making increasing impacts on agricultural and forestry ecosystems. Previous studies proved that symbiotic bacteria play important roles in these insects in fitting various habitats. However, it is still obscure about the evolutionary and ecological patterns of the microorganisms of phytophagous true bugs as a whole with comprehensive taxon sampling.

Results
Here, in order to explore the symbiotic patterns between plant-feeding true bugs and their symbiotic microorganisms, 209 species belonging to 32 families of 9 superfamilies had been sampled, which covered all the major phytophagous families of true bugs. The symbiotic microbial communities were surveyed by full-length 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicons respectively for bacteria and fungi using the PacBio platform. We revealed that hosts mainly affect the dominant bacteria of symbiotic microbial communities, while habitats generally influence the subordinate ones. Thereafter, we carried out the ancestral state reconstruction of the dominant bacteria and found that dramatic replacements of dominant bacteria occurred in the early Cretaceous and formed newly stable symbiotic relationships accompanying the radiation of insect families. In contrast, the symbiotic fungi were revealed to be horizontally transmitted, which makes fungal communities distinctive in different habitats but not significantly related to hosts.

Conclusions
Host and habitat determine microbial communities of plant-feeding true bugs in different roles. The symbiotic bacterial communities are both shaped by host and habitat but in different ways. Nevertheless, the symbiotic fungal communities are mainly influenced by habitat but not host. These findings shed light on a general framework for future microbiome research of phytophagous insects.