bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toe spreading ability in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Yilmaz Ugur , Rothman Ivan , Ciol Marcia A , Yang Claire C , Berger Richard E 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
We examined toe-spreading ability in subjects with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) to test the hypothesis that subjects with CPPS could have deficiencies in lower extremity functions innervated by sacral spinal roots.

Methods
Seventy two subjects with CPPS and 98 volunteer controls were examined as part of a larger study on CPPS. All the subjects underwent a detailed urologic and neurological examination including a toe-spreading examination with a quantitative scoring system. We compared the groups in terms of ability of toe-spreading as either "complete" (all toes spreading) or "incomplete" (at least one interdigital space not spreading) and also by comparing the number of interdigital spaces. For CPPS subjects only, we also analyzed the variation of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) scales by toe-spreading categories.

Results
CPPS subjects were less often able to spread all toes than subjects without CPPS (p = 0.005). None of the NIH-CPSI sub-scales (pain, urinary symptoms, and quality of life), nor the total score showed an association with toe spreading ability.

Conclusion
We found toe spreading to be diminished in subjects with CPPS. We hypothesize that incomplete toe spreading in subjects with CPPS may be related to subtle deficits involving the most caudal part of the spinal segments.
Stable expression of a recombinant human antinucleosome antibody to investigate relationships between antibody sequence, binding properties, and pathogenicity
Authors: Mason Lesley J , Lambrianides Anastasia , Haley Joanna D , Manson Jessica J , Latchman David S , Isenberg David A , Rahman Anisur 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWhen purified under rigorous conditions, some murine anti-double-stranded-DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies actually bind chromatin rather than dsDNA. This suggests that they may actually be antinucleosome antibodies that only appear to bind dsDNA when they are incompletely dissociated from nucleosomes. Experiments in murine models suggest that antibody–nucleosome complexes may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Some human monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies are pathogenic when administered to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Our objective was to achieve stable expression of sequence-altered variants of one such antibody, B3, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Purified antibodies secreted by these cells were tested to investigate whether B3 is actually an antinucleosome antibody. The pathogenic effects of the antibodies were tested by implanting CHO cells secreting them into SCID mice. Purified B3 does not bind to dsDNA unless supernatant from cultured cells is added, but does bind to nucleosomes. The strength of binding to dsDNA and nucleosomes is dependent on the sequence of the light chain. Mice that received CHO cells secreting wild-type B3 developed more proteinuria and died earlier than control mice that received nonsecreting CHO cells or mice that received B3 with a single light chain mutation. However, none of the mice had histological changes or deposition of human immunoglobulin G in the kidneys. Sequence changes may alter the pathogenicity of B3, but further studies using different techniques are needed to investigate this possibility.
Lactate concentration gradient from right atrium to pulmonary artery
Authors: Gutierrez Guillermo , Chawla Lakhmir S , Seneff Michael G , Katz Nevin M , Zia Hasan 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Introduction
We compared simultaneous measurements of blood lactate concentration ([Lac]) in the right atrium (RA) and in the pulmonary artery (PA). Our aim was to determine if the mixing of right atrial with coronary venous blood, having substantially lower [Lac], results in detectable decreases in [Lac] from the RA to the PA.

Methods
A prospective, sequential, observational study was conducted in a medical-surgical intensive care unit. We enrolled 45 critically ill adult individuals of either sex requiring pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) to guide fluid therapy. Immediately following the insertion of the PAC, one paired set of blood samples per patient was drawn in random order from the PAC's proximal and distal ports for measurement of hemoglobin concentration, O2 saturation (SO2) and [Lac]. We defined Δ[Lac] as ([Lac]ra - [Lac]pa), ΔSO2 as (SraO2 - SpaO2) and the change in O2 consumption (ΔVO2) as the difference in systemic VO2 calculated using Fick's equation with either SraO2 or SpaO2 in place of mixed venous SO2. Data were compared by paired Student's t-test, Spearman's correlation analysis and by the method of Bland and Altman.

Results
We found SraO2 > SpaO2 (74.2 ± 9.1 versus 69.0 ± 10.4%; p < 0.001) and [Lac]ra > [Lac]pa (3.9 ± 3.0 versus 3.7 ± 3.0 mmol.l-1; p < 0.001). Δ[Lac] correlated with ΔVO2 (r2 = 0.34; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
We found decreases in [Lac] from the RA to PA in this sample of critically ill individuals. We conclude that parallel decreases in SO2 and [Lac] from the RA to PA support the hypothesis that these gradients are produced by mixing RA with coronary venous blood of lower SO2 and [Lac]. The present study is a preliminary observation of this phenomenon and further work is needed to define the physiological and clinical significance of Δ[Lac].
Leptin Improves Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Toyoshima Yuka , Gavrilova Oksana , Yakar Shoshana , Jou William , Pack Stephanie , Asghar Zeenat , Wheeler Michael B. , LeRoith Derek 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Leptin has metabolic effects on peripheral tissues including muscle, liver, and pancreas, and it has been successfully used to treat lipodystrophic diabetes, a leptin-deficient state. To study whether leptin therapy can be used for treatment of more common cases of type 2 diabetes, we used a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (MKR mice) that show normal leptin levels and are diabetic due to a primary defect in both IGF-I and insulin receptors signaling in skeletal muscle. Here we show that leptin administration to the MKR mice resulted in improvement of diabetes, an effect that was independent of the reduced food intake. The main effect of leptin therapy was enhanced hepatic insulin responsiveness possibly through decreasing gluconeogenesis. In addition, the reduction of lipid stores in liver and muscle induced by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting lipogenesis led to an improvement of the lipotoxic condition. Our data suggest that leptin could be a potent antidiabetic drug in cases of type 2 diabetes that are not leptin resistant.
Six Novel Mutations in the Proopiomelanocortin and Melanocortin Receptor 4 Genes in Severely Obese Adults Living in Southern Italy
Authors: Buono Pasqualina , Pasanisi Fabrizio , Nardelli Carmela , Ieno Luigi , Capone Silvana , Liguori Rosario , Finelli Carmine , Oriani Giovannangelo , Contaldo Franco , Sacchetti Lucia 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background: The genetic characterization of obese individuals could clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying body weight regulation and lead to targeted therapy. Here we report variants of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) genes detected in severely obese adults living in southern Italy.
Methods: A total of 196 unrelated nondiabetic severely obese individuals [111 females and 85 males; mean (SD) age, 32.2 (11.5) years; mean body mass index, 48.8 (8.1) kg/m2] and 100 normal-weight healthy volunteers (34 males and 66 females) entered the study. POMC and MC4R were genotyped by sequencing analysis. Leptin, insulin, glucose, and the lipid profile were measured in fasting serum samples. We used the protein truncation test to verify the stop-codon mutation. Anthropometric measurements, sitting blood pressure, and heart rate were also recorded.
Results: Of the obese participants, 1.5% had mutations in POMC exon 3 (new mutations, P231L and E244X; known, R236G) and 2.5% had MC4R mutations (new mutations, W174C, Q43X, S19fsX51, and I317V; known, A175T). These mutations were not present in the controls. Gene polymorphisms were identified in similar percentages of severely obese and nonobese individuals, i.e., respectively, 52.5% and 51% (POMC) and 1% and 2% (MC4R).
Conclusions: We detected 2 new POMC mutations and 4 new MC4R mutations in a large number of severely obese adults living in southern Italy. These mutations, not present in normal-weight individuals, are further evidence that defects in the melanocortin pathway are related to severe obesity.
Contribution of CYP3A5 to the in Vitro Hepatic Clearance of Tacrolimus
Authors: Kamdem Landry K , Streit Frank , Zanger Ulrich M , Brockmöller Jürgen , Oellerich Michael , Armstrong Victor W , Wojnowski Leszek 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background: Tacrolimus is metabolized predominantly to 13-O-demethyltacrolimus in the liver and intestine by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). Patients with high concentrations of CYP3A5, a CYP3A isoenzyme polymorphically produced in these organs, require higher doses of tacrolimus, but the exact mechanism of this association is unknown.
Methods: cDNA-expressed CYP3A enzymes and a bank of human liver microsomes with known CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 content were used to investigate the contribution of CYP3A5 to the metabolism of tacrolimus to 13-O-demethyltacrolimus as quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Results: Demethylation of tacrolimus to 13-O-demethyltacrolimus was the predominant clearance reaction. Calculated Km and Vmax values for CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 cDNA-expressed microsomes were 1.5 μmol/L and 0.72 pmol · (pmol P450)−1 · min−1, 1.4 μmol/L and 1.1 pmol · (pmol P450)−1 · min−1, and 6 μmol/L and 0.084 pmol · (pmol P450)−1 · min−1, respectively. Recombinant CYP3A5 metabolized tacrolimus with a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) that was 64% higher than that of CYP3A4. The contribution of CYP3A5 to 13-O-demethylation of tacrolimus in human liver microsomes varied from 1.5% to 40% (median, 18.8%). There was an inverse association between the contribution of CYP3A5 to 13-O-demethylation and the amount of 3A4 protein (r = 0.90; P &lt;0.0001). Mean 13-O-demethylation clearances in CYP3A5 high and low expressers, estimated by the parallel-tube liver model, were 8.6 and 3.57 mL · min−1 · (kg of body weight)−1, respectively (P = 0.0088).
Conclusions: CYP3A5 affects metabolism of tacrolimus, thus explaining the association between CYP3A5 genotype and tacrolimus dosage. The importance of CYP3A5 status for tacrolimus clearance is also dependent on the concomitant CYP3A4 activity.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis treatment: A practical review
Authors: Coyle Patricia K. , Freedman Mark S. , Cohen Bruce A. , Cree Bruce A. C. , Markowitz Clyde E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFour sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators (fingolimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, and siponimod) are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes efficacy and safety data on these S1P receptor modulators, with an emphasis on similarities and differences. Efficacy data from the pivotal clinical trials are generally similar for the four agents. However, because no head‐to‐head clinical studies were conducted, direct efficacy comparisons cannot be made. Based on the adverse event profile of S1P receptor modulators, continued and regular monitoring of patients during treatment will be instructive. Notably, the authors recommend paying attention to the cardiac monitoring guidelines for these drugs, and when indicated screening for macular edema and cutaneous malignancies before starting treatment. To obtain the best outcome, clinicians should choose the drug based on disease type, history, and concomitant medications for each patient. Real‐world data should help to determine whether there are meaningful differences in efficacy or side effects between these agents.
Application of terminal region enlargement approach for discrete time quasi infinite horizon nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Gupta Sowmya , Rajhans Chinmay 
Published: February 2024

SummaryEnsuring nominal asymptotic stability of the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) controller is not trivial. Stabilizing ingredients such as terminal penalty term and Terminal Region (TR) are crucial in establishing the asymptotic stability. Approaches available in the literature provide limited degrees of freedom for the characterization of the TR for the discrete time quasi infinite horizon NMPC formulation. Current work presents alternate approaches namely arbitrary controller based approach and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based approach, which provide larger degrees of freedom for enlarging the TR. Both the approaches are scalable to system of any dimension. Approach from the literature provides a scalar whereas proposed approaches provide two additive matrices as tuning parameters for shaping of the TR. Proposed approaches involve solving modified Lyapunov equations to compute terminal penalty term, followed by explicit characterization of the TR. Efficacy of the proposed approaches is demonstrated using benchmark two state system. TR obtained using the arbitrary controller based approach and LQR based approach are approximately 10.4723 and 9.5055 times larger by area measure when compared to the largest TR obtained using the approach from the literature. As a result, there is significant reduction in the prediction horizon length while retaining the feasibility of the controller.
A Therapeutic Pretargeting Strategy for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Based on a Bioorthogonal Reaction and a Self‐Assembled Peptide
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Junqiao , Chen Hui , Ouyang Muzi , Li Yuanheng , Tan Chunyan , Jiang Yuyang , Tan Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), a disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality, is difficult to targeted therapy, due to the metastatic nature of TNBC cells and their lack of estrogen, progesterone, and Her‐2/Neu receptor targets. Here, a novel pretargeting strategy involving self‐assembled peptides and a bioorthogonal reaction are described. This process generates nanofibers on TNBC cell surface that prevent them migration and invasion and deliver untargeted anticancer drugs (e.g., doxorubicin) that synergistically eliminates TNBC cells. The self‐assembled peptide contains four modules: i) an aromatic group‐rich tetraphenylethylene (TPE) unit for promoting self‐assembly and nanofiber formation, ii) a GFFY peptide motif that supports self‐assembly of nanofibers into peptide scaffolds, iii) a targeting RGD motif that binding with the abundant integrin molecules present on TNBC cell surface, and iv) an azide group acting as the bioorthogonal reaction site that reacts with drugs or probes containing the dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) group. Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the self‐assembled peptide inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis, while also pretargeting and killing TNBC cells with superior effectiveness and lower toxicity to that of current chemotherapies. In conclusion, this novel bioorthogonal pretargeting strategy holds promise as an effective anticancer therapeutic approach.
NIR‐Excitable POM‐Encapsulated Yb‐Bi2S3 Decorated Graphene for Wearable Photoelectrochemical Sensing
Authors: Wang Han , Li Caoling , Zhang Jingwei , Yang Zhao , Li Junjun , Cao Yu , Wu Kangbing , Liu Zhihong , Hao Junxing , Ye Xiaoxue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransition metal sulfides have garnered significant interest in the realm of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors due to their remarkable optical and electrical properties. However, their intrinsic UV–vis adsorption and electron‐donor consumption severely hinder their nonirritating and in situ epidermal PEC applications. Herein, a NIR‐808 nm light‐excited heterojunction, phosphomolybdic acid‐encapsulated ytterbium‐doped bismuth sulfide (Yb‐Bi2S3/PMA), is synthesized by hydrothermal method for self‐sufficient electron donor‐based PEC sensing. Further, the Yb‐Bi2S3/PMA heterojunction is decorated on flexible and integrated laser‐induced graphene electrode arrays, providing ultrafast charge carrier transfer capacity and robust mechanical durability (300 bending cycles) for subsequent wearable PEC sensing. As a showcase, the aptamer molecular recognition‐based wearable PEC sensor for sweat trace Neuropeptide Y (NPY, a stress or depression biomarker) presents an ultra‐low detection limit (0.39 fM) and good anti‐interference ability. Moreover, the integration of wearable PEC aptasensor with signal processing and wireless communication facilitates nonirritating and in situ analysis of sweat trace NPY dynamics in various real scenarios (feeding behaviors, physiological stress, and circadian rhythm). More broadly, this research establishes the foundation for NIR‐excitable semiconductors equipped with self‐sufficient electron donor capabilities, unlocking the potential for ultrasensitive wearable PEC sensing applications.
Electron‐Assisted Generation and Straight Movement of Skyrmion Bubble in Kagome TbMn6Sn6
Authors: Li Zhuolin , Yin Qiangwei , Lv Wenxin , Shen Jun , Wang Shouguo , Zhao Tongyun , Cai Jianwang , Lei Hechang , Lin Shi‐Zeng , Zhang Ying , Shen Baogen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTopological magnetic textures are promising candidates as binary data units for the next‐generation memory device. The precise generation and convenient control of nontrivial spin topology at zero field near room temperature endows the critical advantages in skyrmionic devices but is not simultaneously integrated into one material. Here, in the Kagome plane of quantum TbMn6Sn6, the expedient generation of the skyrmion bubbles in versatile forms of lattice, chain, and isolated one by converging the electron beam, where the electron intensity gradient contributes to the dynamic generation from local anisotropy variation near spin reorientation transition (SRT) is reported. Encouragingly, by utilizing the dynamic shift of the SRT domain interface, the straight movement is actualized with the skyrmion bubble slave to the SRT domain interface forming an elastic composite object, avoiding the usual deflection from the skyrmion Hall effect. The critical contribution of the SRT domain interface via conveniently electron‐assisted heating is further theoretically validated in micromagnetic simulation, highlighting the compatible application possibility in advanced devices.
Modulation of Oxygen Content and Ferroelectricity in Sputtered Hafnia‐Zirconia by Engineering of Tungsten Oxide Bottom Electrodes
Authors: Wang Xuetao , Slesazeck Stefan , Mikolajick Thomas , Grube Matthias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe well‐developed high‐k technologies ease the integration complexity for HfO2‐based ferroelectric (FE) devices in the complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor processes. Sputtered HfxZr(1‐x)O2(HZO) FEs have proven their thermal compatibility in back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) integration processes with high remanent polarization (Pr) and a high cycling endurance. With the help of a tungsten oxide (WOx) bottom electrode, the sputtered HZO's FE properties are further advanced in this work. WOxis used to tune the oxygen content in the HZO film, providing an FE performance with a maximum 2Prof 46 µC cm−2and an endurance of 108cycles. Based on this, sputtered HZO can compete with the atomic layer deposited HZO in the BEOL processes. In addition, WOxbottom electrodes enhance the FE capacitor behavior in a broad processing window, which relaxes the manufacturing restrictions.
Does the advertising of plant‐based burgers attract meat consumers? The influence of new product advertising on consumer responses
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Li Wenying , Zheng Yuqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe “meat” marketing of new plant‐based burgers distinguished them from traditional vegan burgers, yet it is still unknown if and to what extent this advertising appeals to meat consumers. We employ a novel digital advertisement dataset from Nielsen Ad Intel to investigate the market entry and advertising patterns of the Impossible Burger, one of the leading brands in the plant‐based meat market. By merging weekly ad views at the DMA market level with Nielsen Homescan Panel, we find that prior purchases of meat burgers reduce the likelihood of consumers buying the new plant‐based burger, whereas past vegan burger purchases elevate this probability. While advertising did boost the average purchasing likelihood for the Impossible Burger, the enhancement in purchase probability for meat burger consumers is approximately one fifth of that observed for vegan burger consumers. These findings have implications to effectively marketing plant‐based meat products to different consumer groups [EconLit Citations: D12, M37, M31, L66].
The impacts of extreme heat on wage losses: Evidence from the Chinese agri‐food industry
Authors: Zhu Xiaoke , Deng Qiyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of extremely high temperatures on wage losses for workers in the Chinese agri‐food industry. Our estimated results suggest extreme heat is associated with a decrease in worker wages, and that these welfare losses could be attributed to the adverse impacts of extremely hot days on worker productivity. We also observe that, compared to male workers, female workers are more likely to bear wage losses when exposed to extremely hot weather. Furthermore, workers in private firms may experience more wage losses due to extremely hot days than those in other ownership types. Regarding the industry‐level heterogeneity analysis, we find that wage losses in the agri‐food manufacturing industry are more severe than those in the agri‐food processing industry, while no significant wage losses are observed in the beverages and alcohol industry. In the long term, wage losses induced by climate change are projected to rise by 10.93% under RCP8.5, if no extra adaptation actions are implemented. [EconLit Citations: O13, P46, Q54]