bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected increase in summer heat-dome-like stationary waves over Northwestern North America
Authors: Chen Ziming , Lu Jian , Chang Chuan-Chieh , Lubis Sandro W. , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHeat-dome-like stationary waves often lead to extreme heat events, such as the unprecedented heatwave in Northwestern North America during the summer of 2021. However, future changes in summer stationary waves over Northwestern North America and the underlying driving factors remain unclear. Here, we investigate the projected changes in the anticyclonic stationary wave circulation over Northwestern North America using data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and diagnose the circulation changes using a stationary wave model. Our findings reveal a significant 95% increase in the summer stationary wave amplitude over Northwestern North America under the high-emission scenario in 2080–2099 relative to 1995–2014. The response is mainly driven by the diabatic heating changes over the tropical Pacific which induce a Rossby wave source in the northeastern tropical Pacific, and further supported by a northward expanded waveguide in North America, both enhancing wave activity flux into the Northwestern North America. The heat-dome-like stationary wave anomaly is expected to heighten the heatwave risk over the region.
Thuja occidentalis – viel mehr als eine Arznei für
Impffolgen und Warzen
Authors: Abermann Christoph , Gründl Alexandra , Pircher Claudia 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungThuja ist eine häufig verschriebene Arznei, vorrangig für
Impffolgen und Warzen. Auch andere Allgemein- und Lokalsymptome sind gut
bekannt. Das Gemütsbild hingegen findet man in der Literatur nicht
umfassend beschrieben, auf der psychischen Ebene scheint Thuja nicht greifbar.
„Nicht greifbar“ trifft auch auf den Thuja-Patienten zu, was das
Erkennen der Arznei und die Verschreibung als Konstitutionsmittel schwierig
macht und sie ein Schattendasein unter den Polychresten führen
lässt. Auch Thuja-Patienten stehen oft „im Schatten“
– ein typisches Merkmal, das es zu verstehen gilt. Erfahrungen an
eigenen Patienten und eingehende Beschäftigung mit der Arznei
ließen mich über die Jahre ein klareres Gemütsbild von
Thuja erkennen, das in diesem Artikel anhand einer kurzen Arzneimittellehre
präsentiert und mittels 3 Falldarstellungen veranschaulicht werden
soll.
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis from Solid Tumor Malignancies: Treatment Strategies and Biomarkers
Authors: Malani Rachna , Bhatia Ankush , Warner Allison Betof , Yang Jonathan T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeptomeningeal metastases/diseases (LMDs) are a late-stage complication of solid tumor or hematologic malignancies. LMD is spread of cancer cells to the layers of the leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid maters) and subarachnoid space seen in 3 to 5% of cancer patients. It is a disseminated disease which carries with it significant neurologic morbidity and mortality. Our understanding of disease pathophysiology is currently lacking; however, advances are being made. As our knowledge of disease pathogenesis has improved, treatment strategies have evolved. Mainstays of treatment such as radiotherapy have changed from involved-field radiotherapy strategies to proton craniospinal irradiation which has demonstrated promising results in recent clinical trials. Systemic treatment strategies have also improved from more traditional chemotherapeutics with limited central nervous system (CNS) penetration to more targeted therapies with better CNS tumor response. Many challenges remain from earlier clinical detection of disease through improvement of active treatment options, but we are getting closer to meaningful treatment.
Normative analysis of the paternity presumption in Article 1073 of the Civil Code of China
Authors: You Wenting , Feng Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe legal system of parentage is a mature rule in traditional civil law, encompassing the acknowledgment and denial of parent-child relationships. In China, the parentage legal system outlined in the Civil Code is a guiding provision that requires supplementary operational rules. The rule of parentage presumption, as a crucial component of the parentage legal system, serves as the premise and foundation of the entire parentage system. China’s parentage presumption involves both legal and factual presumptions. To elucidate the legislative intent and objective expression of the legal provisions concerning parentage in the Civil Code, it is necessary to clarify the legal attributes, logic, and effects of parentage presumption. Based on this, deviations in legal application due to inconsistent interpretations by different judges should be identified and adjusted. There exist four challenges in the practical application of the parentage presumption rule within the Chinese judicial system. It is imperative for judges to possess a precise and consistent understanding of these challenges. Article 1073 of the Civil Code and judicial interpretations constitute a remedial mechanism for parentage presumption. However, for this article to yield the intended legal effects, detailed specifications are needed regarding the parties eligible to file denial lawsuits of legitimate children, the grounds for denial, and the statute of limitations. Additionally, the implied recognition system reflected in the legal provision should also be supplemented with unified and applicable regulations to ensure operability within China’s legal system. Only with consistent legislative interpretations and applications can the consistency of legal application in parentage relationships be safeguarded, thereby upholding the authority of the Civil Code.
China’s climate governance for carbon neutrality: regulatory gaps and the ways forward
Authors: Xu Shengqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe realisation of global carbon neutrality is crucial for combating climate change. As the largest emitter, China declared to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. However, substantial changes in the energy structure are far from being achieved. Using time series data from 2001 to 2019 and the ARDL-ECM method, this paper explored the effectiveness of climate policies in controlling China’s carbon emissions. The results show that economic and technical factors such as economic growth and energy structure are the determinants of carbon emissions. A green paradox is shown since increasing climate policy density does not significantly reduce carbon emissions. The main regulatory gaps in China’s climate governance include weaknesses in the rule of law, lack of accountability, and insufficient arrangements for equitable energy transitions. A binding legal system is necessary to realise absolute reduction and secure carbon neutrality, especially one including specific climate change legislation, binding reduction targets, and combining energy justice with regulatory efficiency.
Modelling the influence of managerial competence on managerial performance in the Ghanaian banking sector
Authors: Yahaya Rafida , Segbenya Moses 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe importance of human resource for the success and growth of every organisation, including banks in developing economies, cannot be underestimated. The banking sector in Ghana, a developing economy, has recently faced some significant performance-related difficulties, such as suspending the licences of new banks, raising the minimum capital required, and recording fraud cases. These developments in the banking sector seriously questioned the managerial competencies of bank managers providing leadership roles to these banks in Ghana. It was for this purpose that this study examined the influence of managerial competence on the performance of branch and operational managers in the Ghanaian banking sector. The study sought to achieve, among other things, to explore how managerial competencies such as customer value management, interpersonal, leadership and intrapersonal relate to managerial performance in the banking sector of Ghana. The study adopted the quantitative approach from the positivist philosophical perspective and, specifically, the cross-sectional survey method. A sample of 127 branch and operation managers from the sixteen administrative regions of Ghana was drawn for the study. Data were collected with an adopted questionnaire and analysed with partial least square structural equation modelling. The study found a significant relationship between customer value management, interpersonal, leadership, intrapersonal, technical competencies and managerial performance in the banking sector. The relative importance of each of the five managerial competencies found was customer value management competence, interpersonal competence, leadership competence, intrapersonal competence and technical competence. The study concluded that managerial competence relates to managerial performance in the banking sector in Ghana. The implications of the findings of this study are that human resource managers in the banking sector should pay attention to these managerial competencies in hiring and developing managers for their branch and operational managerial positions in developing economies.
Chlorophyll and pheophytin protonated and deprotonated ions: Observation and theory
Authors: Diop M. , El-Hayek M. , Attard J. , Muhieddine A. , Veremeienko V. , Soorkia S. , Carbonnière Ph. , de la Lande A. , Soep B. , Shafizadeh N. 
Published: November 2023

Pheophytin a and chlorophyll a have been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry in the positive and negative modes, in view of the importance of the knowledge of their properties in photosynthesis. Pheophytin and chlorophyll are both observed intensely in the protonated mode, and their main fragmentation route is the loss of their phytyl chain. Pheophytin is observed intact in the negative mode, while under collisions, it is primarily cleaved beyond the phytyl chain and loses the attaching propionate group. Chlorophyll is not detected in normal conditions in the negative mode, but addition of methanol solvent molecule is detected. Fragmentation of this adduct primarily forms a product (−30 amu) that dissociates into dephytyllated deprotonated chlorophyll. Semi-empirical molecular dynamics calculations show that the phytyl chain is unfolded from the chlorin cycle in pheophytin a and folded in chlorophyll a. Density functional theory calculations have been conducted to locate the charges on protonated and deprotonated pheophytin a and chlorophyll a and have found the major location sites that are notably more stable in energy by more than 0.5 eV than the others. The deprotonation site is found identical for pheophytin a and the chlorophyll a-methanol adduct. This is in line with experiment and calculation locating the addition of methanol on a double bond of deprotonated chlorophyll a.
Indoor water splitting for hydrogen production through electrocatalysis using composite metal oxide catalysts
Authors: Kashif Fasiha , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Kashif Zunaira , Shukrullah Shazia , Irfan Muhammad , Faraj Mursal Salim Nasar , Rahman Saifur , Magzoub Mohamed Ali Muawia Abdelkafi 
Published: November 2023

This study explores an optimistic approach for large-scale hydrogen production by employing electrocatalysts based on nickel, cobalt, iron, and aluminum oxides as alternatives to costlier metals. This approach offers a cost-effective solution to electrolysis in water media for hydrogen production. This investigation is focused on the electrolysis process, engaging NiO–Al2O3–CoO–Fe2O3 in 1M solution of NaOH and KOH. The environmental and economic analyses are conducted to evaluate the overall effect and cost-effectiveness of the electrolysis process. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance, feasibility, and challenges of using oxides of aluminum, nickel, iron, and cobalt in electrolysis for hydrogen production. The structural and morphological analyses of metal oxides are conducted using XRD and SEM tools, which showed reduced crystallinity and open pore structure of the samples. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) revealed a higher electrocatalytic activity, a larger electrochemical active surface area, a higher current density, and a high density of active sites of NiO–Al2O3–CoO–Fe2O3 composite. Electrode 1 of the composite catalyst produced 500 ml of hydrogen after 30 min of the process, while electrodes 2 and 3 produced 263 and 249 ml of hydrogen, respectively. This study also elucidated the electrocatalytic mechanism involved in water splitting using these composite materials.
Muon accelerators—muon lifetime measurements as window to Planck scale physics
Authors: Lobo Iarley P , Pfeifer Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A prominent effective description of particles interacting with the quantum properties of gravity is through modifications of the general relativistic dispersion relation. Such modified dispersion relations lead to modifications in the relativistic time dilation. A perfect probe for this effect, which goes with the particle energy cubed E
3 over the quantum gravity scale E
QG and the square of the particle mass M
2 would be a very light unstable particle for which one can detect the lifetime in the laboratory (lab) as a function of its energy measured in the lab to very high precision. In this article we conjecture that a muon collider or accelerator would be a perfect tool to investigate the existence of an anomalous time dilation, and with it the fundamental structure of spacetime at the Planck scale.
Boosting field electron emission of carbon nanotubes through small-hole-patterning design of the substrate
Authors: Chen Jiangtao , Chang Xinyao , Ma Guobin , Zhu Yirun , Yang Bingjun , Zhao Yun , Chen Jianbiao , Li Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High field emission of carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathodes is realized by printing modified CNT paste on small-hole-patterned substrates. The field emission characteristics and stability of samples under DC continuous and pulse driving modes have been investigated. The results show that the maximum emission current of CNT emitters can be up to 45 mA at an electric field of 2100 V (7.0 V μm−1), corresponding to a high current density of 643 mA cm−2 under continuous mode. The cathodes also demonstrate stable electron emission without obvious attenuation. In pulse (10 μs and 200 Hz) mode, the peak current can reach 250 mA and the corresponding current density is 3.57 A cm−2 under an electric field of 14.0 V μm−1. The hole-patterned CNT cathode presents unique advantages in field emission current, stability and especially endurance of high electric field. This work makes it possible to fabricate highly efficient emission CNT cold electron sources, which have broad application prospects in vacuum electronic devices requiring both large current and high current density.
Probing the superconducting pairing of the La4Be33Pt16 alloy via muon-spin spectroscopy
Authors: Shang Tian , Svanidze Eteri , Shiroka Toni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We report a study of the superconducting pairing of the noncentrosymmetric La4Be33Pt16 alloy using muon-spin rotation and relaxation (µSR) technique. Below

T
c

=
2.4

K, La4Be33Pt16 exhibits bulk superconductivity (SC), here characterized by heat-capacity and magnetic-susceptibility measurements. The temperature dependence of the superfluid density

ρ

s
c

(
T
)

, extracted from the transverse-field µSR measurements, reveals a nodeless SC in La4Be33Pt16. The best fit of

ρ

s
c

(
T
)

using an s-wave model yields a magnetic penetration depth

λ
0

=
542

nm and a superconducting gap

Δ
0

=
0.37

meV at zero Kelvin. The single-gapped superconducting state is further evidenced by the temperature-dependent electronic specific heat

C

e

(
T
)

/

T

and the linear field-dependent electronic specific-heat coefficient

γ

H

(
H
)

. The zero-field µSR spectra collected in the normal- and superconducting states of La4Be33Pt16 are almost identical, confirming the absence of an additional field-related relaxation and, thus, of spontaneous magnetic fields below Tc
. The nodeless SC combined with a preserved time-reversal symmetry in the superconducting state proves that the spin-singlet pairing is dominant in La4Be33Pt16. This material represents yet another example of a complex system showing only a conventional behavior, in spite of a noncentrosymmetric structure and a sizeable spin–orbit coupling.
Model-based deep CNN-regularized reconstruction for digital breast tomosynthesis with a task-based CNN image assessment approach
Authors: Gao Mingjie , Fessler Jeffrey A , Chan Heang-Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a quasi-three-dimensional breast imaging modality that improves breast cancer screening and diagnosis because it reduces fibroglandular tissue overlap compared with 2D mammography. However, DBT suffers from noise and blur problems that can lower the detectability of subtle signs of cancers such as microcalcifications (MCs). Our goal is to improve the image quality of DBT in terms of image noise and MC conspicuity. Approach. We proposed a model-based deep convolutional neural network (deep CNN or DCNN) regularized reconstruction (MDR) for DBT. It combined a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method that models the detector blur and correlated noise of the DBT system and the learning-based DCNN denoiser using the regularization-by-denoising framework. To facilitate the task-based image quality assessment, we also proposed two DCNN tools for image evaluation: a noise estimator (CNN-NE) trained to estimate the root-mean-square (RMS) noise of the images, and an MC classifier (CNN-MC) as a DCNN model observer to evaluate the detectability of clustered MCs in human subject DBTs. Main results. We demonstrated the efficacies of CNN-NE and CNN-MC on a set of physical phantom DBTs. The MDR method achieved low RMS noise and the highest detection area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) rankings evaluated by CNN-NE and CNN-MC among the reconstruction methods studied on an independent test set of human subject DBTs. Significance. The CNN-NE and CNN-MC may serve as a cost-effective surrogate for human observers to provide task-specific metrics for image quality comparisons. The proposed reconstruction method shows the promise of combining physics-based MBIR and learning-based DCNNs for DBT image reconstruction, which may potentially lead to lower dose and higher sensitivity and specificity for MC detection in breast cancer screening and diagnosis.
Investigation of optical, dielectric properties and conduction mechanism of LiCo0.7Mn0.3O2
Authors: Moufida Krimi , Altarifi M Saleh M , Ben Rhaiem Abdallah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The development of a multifunctional material with variety in its properties is a powerful research project. The electrochemical properties of LiCo0.7Mn0.3O2 material have attracted our attention to search electrical characterization and the optical properties of this material. The synthesis of this compound is based on a solid state method. The x-ray powder diffraction analysis shows that the compound crystallizes in the hexagonal system with the R −3 m space group. Moreover, the homogenous distribution of grain is revealed by the EDX study, thus the grain size is about 2.5 μm calculated from the scanning electron microscopy data. The band gap energy was established and seems to be equal to 1.88 eV which confirms the semiconductor character of this compound. Impedance spectroscopy was performed in the temperature ranging from 363 K to 473 K and frequency varying between 0.1 to 106Hz. The Nyquist plots confirm the presence of grains and grain boundary contribution instead of electrode polarization. The obtained conductivity properties indicates the semiconductor behavior of our compound, also it confirms its reliability for electrochemical application. Ac conductivity has been adjusted using the Jonsher power law, which allows us to confirm that the dc conductivity is thermally activated with activation energy of 400 meV and 500 meV for 363–423 K, 423–473 K regions, respectively. Temperature dependence of the exponent s reveals that the conduction process is governed by the correlated barrier hopping model (CBH). Besides, the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) affirmed that LiCo0.7Mn0.3O2 is a good candidate for bolometric applications.
Lorentz-breaking Rarita-Schwinger model
Authors: Gomes M , Mariz T , Nascimento J R , Petrov A Yu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we formulate the simplest Lorentz-breaking extension for the spin-3/2 field theory and couple it to the Abelian gauge field in a Lorentz violating (LV) manner. Next, we calculate the lower LV quantum corrections, that is, the Carroll-Field-Jackiw (CFJ) term, which, being superficially divergent, turns out to be finite but ambiguous, and also the higher-derivative CFJ term. Besides, we compute the aether term, being the lowest CPT-even LV term, involving the second order in the LV vector.
Experimentally corroborated model of pressure relaxation limit cycle oscillations in the vicinity of the transition to high confinement in tokamaks
Authors: Grover O. , Manz P. , Yashin A.Y. , Réfy D.I. , Seidl J. , Vianello N. , Birkenmeier G. , Solano E.R. , Sos M. , Bohm P. , Bilkova P. , Hron M. , Panek R. , Upgrade Team the ASDEX , Team the COMPASS , Team the Globus-M ,   JET Contributors
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An analytical formula systematically predicts the observed frequency of pressure relaxation limit cycle oscillations in the vicinity of the transition to high confinement in four tokamaks (JET, ASDEX Upgrade, COMPASS, Globus-M). The experimental dataset spans the widest available range of frequencies, machine sizes and plasma ion species. The machine size dependence is explained by the connection length scale of plasma flows parallel to the magnetic field. The model also explains the observed up-down poloidal current asymmetry and the impact of the plasma ion species mass and charge.