bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of inventive biphenyl and azabiphenyl derivatives as potential insecticidal agents against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis
Authors: Ghaith Eslam A. , Ali Hajar A. , Ismail Mohamed A. , Fouda Abd El-Aziz S. , Abd El Salam M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of pest resistance of Spodoptera littoralis (order; Lepidoptera, family; Noctuidae) towards the large scale of different classes of insecticides necessitates the development of some new poly-functionalized biphenyl and azabiphenyl with highly anticipated insecticidal bioresponse. Four new biphenyl carboxamidines 4a–d and four aza-analogue picolinamidine derivatives 8a–d were designed and prepared via the treatment of their corresponding carbonitriles with lithium-bis trimethylsilylamide [LiN(TMS)2], followed by hydrolysis with hydrogen chloride. Furthermore, these compounds were elucidated by spectral data, and their toxicity and insecticidal activity were screened against Spodoptera littoralis. Whereby, toxicological and biochemical aspects of the inventively synthesized biphenyl and azabiphenyl derivatives against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis were inspected. As regards the indomitable LC50 and LC90 values, biphenyl and aza-analogues 8d, 8a, 4b, and 8b, revealed the furthermost forceful toxic effects with LC50 values of 113.860, 146.265, 216.624, and 289.879 ppm, respectively. Whereby, their LC90 values are 1235.108, 1679.044, 2656.296, and 3381.256 ppm, respectively, and toxicity index being 22.31%, 17.36%, 11.72%, and 8.76%, respectively, comparing with the already recommended, methomyl insecticide, lannate 90% SP (LC50, 25.396 and LC90, 57.860 and toxicity index, 100%). Additionally, electrochemical parameters via DFT studies were carried out for demonstrating and elucidation of structure–activity relationship (SAR) according to highly motived compounds, descriptors, and the in vivo insecticidal activities.
Graphical Abstract
The complex impact of cancer-related missense mutations on the stability and on the biophysical and biochemical properties of MAPK1 and MAPK3 somatic variants
Authors: Petrosino Maria , Novak Leonore , Pasquo Alessandra , Turina Paola , Capriotti Emidio , Minicozzi Velia , Consalvi Valerio , Chiaraluce Roberta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 3 (MAPK1 and MAPK3), also called extracellular regulated kinases (ERK2 and ERK1), are serine/threonine kinase activated downstream by the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction cascade that regulates a variety of cellular processes. A dysregulation of MAPK cascade is frequently associated to missense mutations on its protein components and may be related to many pathologies, including cancer. In this study we selected from COSMIC database a set of MAPK1 and MAPK3 somatic variants found in cancer tissues carrying missense mutations distributed all over the MAPK1 and MAPK3 sequences. The proteins were expressed as pure recombinant proteins, and their biochemical and biophysical properties have been studied in comparison with the wild type. The missense mutations lead to changes in the tertiary arrangements of all the variants. The thermodynamic stability of the wild type and variants has been investigated in the non-phosphorylated and in the phosphorylated form. Significant differences in the thermal stabilities of most of the variants have been observed, as well as changes in the catalytic efficiencies. The energetics of the catalytic reaction is affected for all the variants for both the MAPK proteins. The stability changes and the variation in the enzyme catalysis observed for most of MAPK1/3 variants suggest that a local change in a residue, distant from the catalytic site, may have long-distance effects that reflect globally on enzyme stability and functions.
A synthesis of recent tools and perspectives in migratory connectivity studies
Authors: Gregory Killian A. , Francesiaz Charlotte , Jiguet Frédéric , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMigration movements connect breeding and non-breeding bird populations over the year. Such links, referred to as migratory connectivity, have important implications for migratory population dynamics as they dictate the consequences of localised events for the whole population network. This calls for concerted efforts to understand migration processes for large-scale conservation. Over the last 20 years, the toolbox to investigate connectivity patterns has expanded and studies now consider migratory connectivity over a broader range of species and contexts. Here, we summarise recent developments in analysing migratory connectivity, focusing on strategies and challenges to pooling various types of data to both optimise and broaden the scope of connectivity studies. We find that the different approaches used to investigate migratory connectivity still have complementary strengths and weaknesses, whether in terms of cost, spatial and temporal resolution, or challenges in obtaining large sample sizes or connectivity estimates. Certain recent developments offer particularly promising prospects: robust quantitative models for banding data, improved precision of geolocators and accessibility of telemetry tracking systems, and increasingly precise probabilistic assignments based on genomic markers or large-scale isoscapes. In parallel, studies have proposed various ways to combine the information of different datasets, from simply comparing the connectivity patterns they draw to formally integrating their analyses. Such data combinations have proven to be more accurate in estimating connectivity patterns, particularly for integrated approaches that offer promising flexibility. Given the diversity of available tools, future studies would benefit from a rigorous comparative evaluation of the different methodologies to guide data collection to complete migration atlases: where and when should data be collected during the migratory cycle to best describe connectivity patterns? Which data are most favourable to combine, and under what conditions? Are there methods for combining data that are better than others? Can combination methods be improved by adjusting the contribution of the various data in the models? How can we fully integrate connectivity with demographic and environmental data? Data integration shows strong potential to deepen our understanding of migratory connectivity as a dynamic ecological process, especially if the gaps can be bridged between connectivity, population and environmental models.
Association of migration and family planning use among women in Malawi: Evidence from 2019/2020 Malawi Multiple Indicators Survey
Authors: Moyo Reuben Christopher , Nkhoma Dumisani 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Family planning (FP) is known to bring multiple benefits to people both individually and collectively. Individually, FP has been associated with reduction in risk of unintended pregnancy which also correlates with low child mortality rates. Child mortality rates in women with child spacing of less than two years are 45% higher compared to their counterparts with child spacing of more than two years. Several factors that predict FP utilisation among women of childbearing age have been identified but there is limited literature on how migration impacts FP utilisation in Malawi. Our current study aimed at assessing the association between migration and modern contraceptive use among women of childbearing age in Malawi.

Methods
Data for this study came from a nationally representative 2019/20 Malawi multiple cluster indicator survey (MICS). At total of 24,543 women aged 15 to 49 participated in the survey. Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) analyses were conducted separately on all women of childbearing age and married women. The data was analysed using the complex survey data approach by applying sampling weights to correct unequal representation of participants at cluster, district, and regional level. We used binary logistic regression to assess association between migration status and modern contraceptive use among all women of childbearing age and married women separately. We included age, age at first sex, age at marriage, region of residence, education, residence wealth index and presence of disability as confounders in our final multivariable models.

Results
The overall CPRs for married women and for all women of childbearing age were 64.7% and 40.5% respectively. The CPRs for all women of childbearing age were 40.5% for non-migrants and 33.0% for migrant women. For married women, CPRs were 51.5% for migrant women and 65.5% for non-migrant women. The fully adjusted odds ratios for the association between migration status and modern contraceptive use were 0.62 (0.49–0.78) for married women and 0.65 (0.52–0.80) for all women of childbearing age.

Conclusions
We conclude from our findings that migrant women were significantly less likely to utilize modern contraceptive methods for both married women and all women of childbearing age. Deliberate efforts are required to ensure that migrant women of childbearing age have equal access to sexual and reproductive health services which includes family planning.
Application of E-coach chronic disease management model in rehabilitation management of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans
Authors: Yuan You-Yuan , Cao Wen-Dong , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Du Rong-Xin , Wang Xue-Qi , Li Jing , Chen Juan , Yang Jun-Zi , Chen Jia-Qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effect of a health (E)-coach chronic disease management model on the rehabilitation behaviour management of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO).

Methods
The E-coach chronic disease management model was constructed based on a literature review and expert interviews. The effect of the E-coach model on patients with ASO during hospitalisation was analysed by comparing the compliance rates of blood glucose control, blood pressure control, drug compliance, ankle-brachial index, 6-min walking test (6MWT) and pain-free walking distance (PFWD) scores between the E-coach and control groups.

Results
In total, 212 patients with ASO were included in this study. After the intervention, the blood pressure compliance rate (44.8% vs. 65.7%) and blood glucose compliance rate (48.6% vs. 66.8%) were higher in the E-coach group than in the control group (p < 0.05). After intervention, compared with the control group, the patients in the E-coach group had better drug compliance (6.8 ± 1.9 vs. 7.9 ± 1.0), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The scores for the 6MWT (329.19 ± 5.58 vs. 353.00 ± 9.76; 412.65 ± 12.59 vs. 499.16 ± 18.43) and PFWD (219.15 ± 11.96 vs. 225.36 ± 16.13; 331.62 ± 51.36 vs. 369.42 ± 75.71) tests were significantly higher in the E-coach group than in the control group at 1 and 6 months after intervention (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The E-coach chronic disease management model can effectively improve the control rates of blood glucose and blood pressure and the behaviour management of patients with ASO and is thus worthy of clinical reference.
A hybrid B-spline collocation technique for the Caputo time fractional nonlinear Burgers’ equation
Authors: Tamsir Mohammad , Nigam Deependra , Dhiman Neeraj , Chauhan Anand 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This study proposes an efficient and stable technique based on new hybrid B-spline (HB-spline) functions for the numerical treatment of the Caputo time fractional nonlinear Burgers’ (TFNB) equation. The time derivative is discretized using the definition of the Caputo derivative, whereas HB-spline functions are used to discretize the spatial derivatives. The Rubin–Graves technique is used to linearize the nonlinear terms.

Results
The performance and efficacy of the established method are tested using three examples. The graphical results represent the smoothness between numerical and exact solutions. The absolute errors are very low as $$1{0}^{-4}$$

1

0

-
4

and $$1{0}^{-5}$$

1

0

-
5

. The convergence rate shows that the proposed method is second-order accurate in space.

Conclusions
The proposed method provides better results than the methods available in the literature. The method yields highly accurate results and can handle large-scale problems, which is the novelty of the present work.
Heads-Up Micronavigation Reliability of Preoperative Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Maps for the Motor Function: Comparison With Direct Cortical Stimulation
Authors: Muscas Giovanni , Bardazzi Tommaso , Pedone Agnese , Campagnaro Luca , Bonaudo Camilla , Fainardi Enrico , Baldanzi Fabrizio , Troiano Simone , Carrai Riccardo , Grippo Antonello , Della Puppa Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to assess the reliability of preoperative navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) maps for motor function as visualized intraoperatively with augmented reality heads-up display and to assess its accuracy via direct point-by-point comparison with the gold-standard direct cortical stimulation (DCS).

METHODS:
From January 2022 to January 2023, candidates for surgical removal of lesions involving the motor pathways underwent preoperative nTMS assessment to obtain cortical maps of motor function. Intraoperatively and before tumor removal, nTMS maps were superimposed on the cortical surface, and DCS was performed on positive points with increasing current intensity until obtaining a positive response at 16 mA. The outcome of each stimulation was recorded to obtain discrimination metrics.

RESULTS:
Twelve patients were enrolled (5 females [42%] vs 7 males [58%], mean age 62.9 ± 12.8 years), for a total of 304 investigated points. Agreement between nTMS and DCS was moderate (κ = 0.43, P < .005), with 0.66 (0.53-0.78) sensitivity, 0.87 (0.82-0.90) specificity, 0.50 (0.39-0.62) positive predictive values, 0.93 (0.89-0.95) negative predictive value, and 0.83 (0.79-0.87) accuracy. A loss of accuracy was observed with higher DCS current intensities.

CONCLUSION:
We performed a point-by-point validation of preoperative nTMS maps for motor function using augmented reality visualization. The high negative predictive value and low positive predictive values highlight nTMS reliability to visualize safe cortical zones but not to identify critical functional areas, confirming previous findings of nTMS maps for the language function and suggesting the need for combined use of nTMS maps and DCS for optimal maximal safe resection.
Pax3 lineage-specific deletion of Gpr161 is associated with spinal neural tube and craniofacial malformations during embryonic development
Authors: Kim Sung-Eun , Chothani Pooja J. , Shaik Rehana , Pollard Westley , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is the morphogen signaling that regulates embryonic craniofacial and neural tube development. G protein-coupled receptor 161 (Gpr161) is a negative regulator of Shh signaling, and its inactivation in mice results in embryo lethality associated with craniofacial defects and neural tube defects. However, the structural defects of later embryonic stages and cell lineages underlying abnormalities have not been well characterized due to the limited lifespan of Gpr161 null mice. We found that embryos with Pax3 lineage-specific deletion of Gpr161 presented with tectal hypertrophy (anterior dorsal neuroepithelium), cranial vault and facial bone hypoplasia (cranial neural crest), vertebral abnormalities (somite) and the closed form of spina bifida (posterior dorsal neuroepithelium). In particular, the closed form of spina bifida was partly due to reduced Pax3 and Cdx4 gene expression in the posterior dorsal neural tubes of Gpr161 mutant embryos with decreased Wnt signaling, whereas Shh signaling was increased. We describe a previously unreported role for Gpr161 in the development of posterior neural tubes and confirm its role in cranial neural crest- and somite-derived skeletogenesis and midbrain morphogenesis in mice.
Cochlear duct length in Pakistani cochlear implant recipients gender, age and side association: A Radiological Measure
Authors: Sarwar Zahra , Ahmed Jawwad , Saqulain Ghulam , Khan Muhammad Iqbal Javed 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To analyze the gender, age and side association of cochlear duct length in Pakistani-Asian cochlear implant recipient population based on computed tomography imaging study.
Methods: Current study retrospectively studied charts of cases who underwent cochlear implantation at the Department of Otolaryngology & Auditory Implant Centre, Capital Hospital Islamabad, over a period of two years from 1st May 2017 to 30th April 2019. These included 200 cases of both genders and of any age. In addition to basic demographic data, computed tomography findings of the temporal bone were utilized to measure the cochlear duct length. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 23.
Results: Study revealed a mean Cochlear duct length of 29.935±2.173mm (range: 25.12 to 37.60) with significant (p<0.001) association with gender with longer cochlear duct in males compared to females on right (30.50±2.384 vs. 29.36±1.887) and on left side (30.50±2.236 vs.29.32±1.935). However, no significant difference was noted for side with slightly longer cochlear duct on the right side compared to left (29.95±2.224 vs.29.92±2.171). Also, no significant association with age was noted with p=0.578 & p=0.824 for right and left side respectively.
Conclusion: Pakistani population is characterized by a short mean CDL of 29.935±2.173 mm with significant association (p<0.001) with gender with longer cochlear duct length in males; and side with larger CDL on right side. However, no significant association with age was noted.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7426
How to cite this: Sarwar Z, Ahmed J, Saqulain G, Khan MIJ. Cochlear duct length in Pakistani cochlear implant recipients gender, age and side association: A Radiological Measure. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7426
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Causes and outcome of pregnancy related acute kidney injury
Authors: Liaqat Nazia , Noor Mohammad Khan  
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine frequencies of causes and renal outcomes of pregnancy related acute kidney injury.
Method: This descriptive case series study was conducted in Nephrology unit of a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, from 1st August 2021 to 31st July 2022.A total of 100 patients with acute kidney injury secondary to obstetric conditions were enrolled via non-probability consecutive sampling technique. While patients with pre-existing renal disease, those with renal stones, or having bilateral small kidneys on ultrasound were excluded from the study. Patients were followed till 12 weeks postpartum period. Underlying obstetrical causes and outcome at 12 weeks postnatal period were determined.
Results: The mean age of sample of 100 cases was 29.29 ± 6.45. Mean serum creatinine at presentation was 6.5± 3.13. Majority of patient, 89% were multigravidas. Seventy eight percent patients required hemodialysis. Primary postpartum hemorrhage remained the commonest underlying cause of pregnancy related acute kidney injury in this study. The frequency of persistent renal failure in Pr-AKI (pregnancy related acute kidney injury) in this study was 14%. In about 66% of cases complete recovery occurred. All the underlying obstetrical causes, when adjusted for age, gravidity, place and mode of delivery, had no association with persistent renal failure.
Conclusion: Primary postpartum hemorrhage is the predominant cause of pregnancy related acute kidney injury. By the end of 12 weeks postpartum, two third patients recover completely from pregnancy related acute renal injury.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7444
How to cite this: Khan NM, Liaqat N. Causes and outcome of pregnancy related acute kidney injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7444
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
BowALS: understanding changing bowel habits in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Marsden Rachael , Clarke Jan , Howard Robin , Sidle Katie , Turner Martin , Talbot Kevin , Thompson Alexander 
Published: October 2023

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND), causes progressive weakness and ultimately death as a result of loss of motor nerves. Changes in bowel habit are common in people with ALS. This has been attributed to immobility, dehydration and dietary changes. Objective: To provide understanding of the prevalence of altered bowel habit in people with ALS, how this differs by stage of disease and how it impacts daily life. Methods: In a prospective cohort study (BowALS) in two UK ALS centres, 58 participants recorded their current and usual bowel habit using an online questionnaire which included the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R), Bristol stool chart, the EuroQol 5 questionnaire (EQ-5D) questionnaire and measured forced vital capacity. The same questionnaire was completed three times 6 months apart. Results: A total of 33 patients (57%) reported change in bowel habit in response to the first questionnaire and 43 patients (74%) reported change in bowel habit at some point during follow up. Change in bowel habit was more common at the first visit in patients with more advanced disease, as measured by lower ALSFRS-R (ALSFRS-R<34, 14/18 patients; ALSFRS-R >40, 6/18 patients; odds ratio 6.58, P=0.018). Change in bowel habit was also associated with lower self-reported health score on EQ-5D (median 60 vs 75, P=0.035). There was no correlation between ALSFRS-R and Bristol stool chart score, and no association between self-reported depression and change in bowel habit. Recommendations: Healthcare professionals should think proactively about preventing constipation in people with ALS, being aware that the prevalence of altered bowel habit increases with the level of disability.