bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of pseudothalidomide syndrome in consecutive pregnancies of a consanguineous couple
Authors: Petrikovsky B. M. , Gross B. , Bialer M. , Solamanzadeh K. , Simhaee E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPseudothalidomide syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by tetraphocomelia, craniofacial abnormalities and postnatal growth restriction.We report the prenatal sonographic findings of pseudothalidomide syndrome in three consecutive pregnancies of a consanguineous couple. In the last pregnancy, the correct diagnosis was made sonographically at 11 weeks of pregnancy.The combination of transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound examinations revealed a large cystic hygroma extending over the lower back. The lower extremities were, markedly shortened with no identifiable bones below the level of the femora. The humeri on both sides were shortened; ulnae were small with no identifiable radii. The pregnancy was terminated by dilatation and curettage and diagnosis confirmed at 12 weeks of pregnancy.In conclusion, fetuses with pseudothalidomide syndrome may exhibit characteristic findings in the first trimester of pregnancy which can be detected using ultrasound. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic diagnosis of fetal coarctation of the aorta at 14–16 weeks of gestation
Authors: Bronshtein M. , Zimmer E. Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe prenatal sonographic diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta is difficult. The objective of this study was to present a simple and reliable marker of this anomaly in early pregnancy. In fetuses with coarctation of aorta who were scanned at 14–16 weeks' gestation, a significant discrepancy was observed between a large ductus arteriosus and a smaller aorta at their point of connection. This difference between the sizes of the vessels probably reflects the reduced blood flow through the aorta and the compensatory increase in blood flow through the right outflow tract in cases of coarctation of the aorta. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasonographic patterns of polycystic ovaries: color Doppler and hormonal correlations
Authors: Battaglia C. , Artini P. G. , Salvatori M. , Giulini S. , Petraglia F. , Maxia N. , Volpe A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUltrasound has been used in the identification of two different morphological patterns of polycystic ovaries, namely a peripheral cystic pattern and a general cystic pattern. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with the peripheral form of polycystic ovaries showed different ovarian and uterine blood flow from those with the general form, and to investigate whether there was a correlation between the forms and different hormonal parameters.Eighteen patients with the general form and 16 patients with the peripheral form of polycystic ovary underwent clinical, biochemical, gray‐scale and color Doppler ultra‐sonographic evaluation. The parameters analyzed confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in all patients. Individual levels of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, andro‐stenedione and estradiol did not differ between the groups. However, there was a significantly higher LH/FSH ratio and a greater stromal echodensity in the peripheral cystic group than in the general cystic group. Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated significantly lower pulsatility index values in the intraovarian arteries of the peripheral cystic group and a higher rate of visualization of these arteries than in the general cystic group.These findings suggest that, apart from the LH/FSH ratio, the different morphological types of polycystic ovary do not reflect differences in endocrine profile. The differences in blood flow demonstrated by Doppler assessment in each case, however, showed that PCOS does not predetermine a single intraovarian blood flow pattern. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler ultrasound evaluation of ductus venosus blood flow during acute hypoxemia in fetal lambs
Authors: Tchirikov M. , Eisermann K. , Rybakowski C. , Schröder H. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt has been demonstrated with invasive techniques in fetal lambs that the ratio of ductus venosus to umbilical vein blood flow rate (DV/UV ratio) increases during hypoxemia and infusion of catecholamines. Recently it was found in human fetuses using pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound equipment that the DV/UV ratio in fetuses with intra‐uterine growth restriction was significantly increased. The aim of the present study was to show in fetal lambs whether routine Doppler ultrasound devices were capable of determining the DV/UV ratio with sufficient reliability.The experiments were performed on seven near‐term instrumented fetal lambs using pulsed wave Doppler ultra‐sound to measure flow rates (derived, in milliliters per min, from the intensity‐weighted mean velocity (Vmean) and the vessel's cross‐sectional area) in the ductus venosus and intra‐abdominal umbilical vein. Fetal hypoxemia was induced by administering a low‐oxygen gas to the ewe (5–7% oxygen, 2% carbon dioxide). Fetal arterial pO2 and heart rate decreased significantly during maternal hypoxia. The proportion of umbilical venous return passing through the ductus venosus in controls was 36 ± 5% (mean ± SD). This increased to 53 ± 6% (p < 0.001) because the umbilical venous blood flow fell during late hypoxemia when the heart rate had decreased by 20%. Severe hypoxemia tended to reduce the mean velocity (Vmean) and the minimum velocity (Vmin) (based on the maximum velocity envelope curve) in the ductus venosus, descending aorta and inferior vena cava. The pulsatility index of the umbilical artery significantly increased at the end of hypoxemia. We conclude that determination of the proportion of umbilical vein blood flow entering the ductus venosus by Doppler ultrasound in a clinical setting may contribute to the detection and evaluation of fetal distress. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic demonstration of nuchal cord and abnormal umbilical artery waveform heralding fetal distress
Authors: Pilu G. , Falco P. , Guazzarini M. , Sandri F. , Bovicelli L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUltrasound examination of a 30‐week fetus, appropriate for gestational age, revealed a nuchal cord and absence of end‐diastolic velocities in the Doppler waveforms of the umbilical artery. Cardiotocography suggested impending fetal distress, clinically confirmed following expedient abdominal delivery. We suggest that Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical vessels may be useful in the assessment of viable fetuses with a sonographic diagnosis of a nuchal cord. Conversely, a nuchal cord should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of abnormal Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical vessels. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis and hemodynamic evaluation of Klippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome
Authors: Paladini D. , Lamberti A. , Teodoro A. , Liguori M. , D'Armiento M. , Capuano P. , Martinelli P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractKlippel‐Trenaunay‐Weber syndrome is a rare congenital soft‐tissue anomaly which is characterized by the presence of multiple hemangiomata, arteriovenous fistulas and limb hypertrophy. We report the ultrasound findings in two cases of early prenatal diagnosis at 17 and 18 weeks of gestation. The pathogenesis of the syndrome and involvement of the cardiovascular system are discussed. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional ultrasound examination of the fetal hands: normal and abnormal
Authors: Budorick N. E. , Pretorius D. H. , Johnson D. D. , Tartar M. K. , Lou K. V. , Nelson T. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPurposeTo assess particular features of fetal hand evaluation using three‐dimensional ultrasound, and to determine whether any advantage is offered by three‐dimensional over two‐dimensional ultrasound in fetal hand evaluation.MethodsThree‐dimensional fetal data were collected prospectively from 44 hands in 40 fetuses from a predominantly high‐risk patient population. All had a concurrent two‐dimensional ultrasound examination of the hands. Diagnoses from two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound examinations were compared and additional information from the three‐dimensional volume assessment was noted. Three‐dimensional assessment of distal forearm bones, wrist position, finger configuration and number of metacarpals and digits was recorded.ResultsHands were appropriately identified as normal (32/32) or abnormal (12/12) by both two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound. Three‐dimensional ultrasound provided additional information when compared to two‐dimensional ultrasound in both normal and abnormal hands, including the provision of three orthogonal planes with one volume acquisition, allowing rotation of the volume so that hands could be evaluated in planes not possible during two‐dimensional imaging, assessment of a hand with loosely curled fingers as normal, the ability to evaluate thumb and fingers simultaneously, and improved assessment of abnormal hands.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional ultrasound offers the potential to provide greater information in fetal hand evaluation for both normal and abnormal hands. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The efficacy and fetal‐maternal cardiovascular effects of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in the prophylaxis of pre‐eclampsia and its complications: a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Lees C. , Valensise H. , Black R. , Harrington K. , Byiers S. , Romanini C. , Campbell S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesPre‐eclampsia continues to be a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. A disorder of the nitric oxide system is implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition and preliminary studies have suggested a possible therapeutic role for nitric oxide donors in women with established pre‐eclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine whether pre‐eclampsia and its complications could be prevented by the long‐term use of nitric oxide donors in a group of women identified to be at risk on the basis of abnormal uterine artery Doppler measurements.Study design We enrolled 40 healthy normotensive women at high risk of pre‐eclampsia selected on the basis of abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms at 24–26 weeks of gestation. Women were randomly allocated to receive transdermal glyceryl trinitrate 5 mg‐patches or equivalent placebo patches in a double‐blind randomized study. The primary outcome measures were pre‐eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery or small for gestational age/fetal growth restriction rates. Patches were worn daily from recruitment for 10 weeks or until delivery.ResultsThe primary outcomes were not significantly different in the placebo compared to the glyceryl trinitrate group. However, survival analysis of adverse events with gestation in both groups showed a significantly reduced risk of an adverse event in the glyceryl trinitrate group (p = 0.004), equating to a 73% reduction in hazard. There was no difference in maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean uterine artery resistance index and fetal umbilical and middle cerebral artery pulsatility indices between the groups.ConclusionsLow‐dose prophylactic transdermal glyceryl trinitrate commenced late in the second trimester did not reduce the incidence of pre‐eclampsia, preterm delivery or fetal growth restriction, but may increase the likelihood of a complication‐free pregnancy. Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (5 mg/day) did not affect maternal cardiovascular, uterine artery or fetal arterial Doppler parameters. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Arteriovenous malformation of mesosalpinx associated with a ‘vanishing’ ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis with three‐dimensional color power angiography
Authors: Shih J.‐C. , Shyu M.‐K. , Cheng W.‐F. , Lee C.‐N. , Jou H.‐J. , Wang R.‐M. , Hsieh F.‐J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe two cases of pelvic arteriovenous malformation diagnosed with the aid of three‐dimensional color power angiography. In both cases, ß‐human chorionic gonadotropin (ß‐hCG) increased to significant levels (8413 and 1560 mIU/ml, respectively); however, neither an intrauterine nor an adnexal gestational sac could be found. In each case, we observed an adnexal mass with several tortuous areas exhibiting abundant turbulent flow. The diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation was made and further assessment by three‐dimensional color power angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out. The complex vascular anatomy of arteriovenous malformation, including its feeding vessels and drainage, was clearly depicted by three‐dimensional color power angiography and correlated well with magnetic resonance angiography. Levels of ß‐hCG decreased in subsequent tests, and eventually became negative 2–3 months later without any intervention. We believe that an involutional ectopic pregnancy induced the rapid growth of the arteriovenous malformations within the mesosalpinx. Three‐dimensional color power angiography can be performed quickly and easily, using existing ultrasound equipment. It improves our understanding of complicated vasculature, and thus is a useful adjunct to two‐dimensional and color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The value of sonohysterography combined with cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity in predicting histological diagnosis
Authors: Aviram R. , Michaeli G. , Lew S. , Fishman A. , Beyth Y. , Bernheim J. , Tepper R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of sonohysterography combined with cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity in predicting histological diagnosis.Study design A prospective study was conducted comparing sonohysterography combined with endometrial washings for cytology with histological evaluation after surgical procedures. Of 152 patients referred for sonohysterography, 87 were premenopausal and 65 were postmenopausal. Some of the injected fluid was aspirated for cytological analysis. Sixty‐one patients (40%) underwent surgical hysteroscopy and eight (5%) had dilatation and curettage as a result of the sonohysterographic findings. Histological diagnoses were compared with the sonohysterographic and cytological findings.ResultsIn 99 (65%) patients, sonohysterography demonstrated endometrial polypoid lesions. Only 54 endometrial cavitary lesions were confirmed pathologically. Epithelial cells with atypia were more often found in patients without (five of 53) than in those with (two of 99) an endometrial polyp (p < 0.05). Only one out of nine cases of histological diagnosis of hyperplasia was predicted cytologically.ConclusionsThe addition of cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity during sonohysterography did not contribute to the prediction of benign histological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Feasibility of the second‐trimester fetal ultrasound examination in an unselected population at 18, 20 or 22 weeks of pregnancy: a randomized trial
Authors: Schwärzler P. , Senat M.‐V. , Holden D. , Bernard J. P. , Masroor T. , Ville Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo date, there have been no studies on the optimal timing of second‐trimester ultrasound screening for fetal abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether, of three gestational ages (18, 20 and 22 weeks), any one was associated with a significant advantage in terms of identification of abnormalities or need for further ultrasound assessment.DesignProspective, randomized study of second‐trimester unselected pregnant women, who had had an ultrasound examination with normal results at 10–14 weeks.Subjects and methodsA total of 1206 women were randomized into three mutually exclusive groups relating to their second‐trimester appointment for a screening ultra‐sound examination for fetal abnormalities in the second trimester of pregnancy: Group 1 at 18−18 + 6 weeks, Group 2 at 20−20 + 6 weeks and Group 3 at 22−22 + 6 weeks. The anomaly scans were carried out according to a standardized protocol. The fetuses were examined for structural and developmental abnormalities. Uterine artery Doppler measurements, including waveform recordings, were performed in all cases. The main end‐points were the need for rescanning of all or part of the fetal anatomy, fetal outcome, placental localization, and incidence of notches in the uterine artery waveform.ResultsThe baseline demographic characteristics and risk factors in the three groups were similar and gestational age‐related fetal measurements were comparable. There were significantly higher percentages of completed scans in Group 2 (90%) and Group 3 (88%) than in Group 1 (76%; p < 0.001), but no significant difference between those scanned at 20 and at 22 weeks. This was associated with a higher incidence of non‐cephalic presentation in Group 1 (46%) than in the other two groups (36%, p < 0.001). Significant differences in completing the assessment of the thorax, heart, spine and skeleton were also observed. There was no significant difference in maternal body habitus, fetal movements or the occurrence of uterine fibroids between the study groups. The incidences of low‐lying placenta and of abnormal uterine artery Doppler screening were also higher at 18 weeks than at 20 and 22 weeks (p < 0.001 for both variables), with no difference seen between Groups 2 and 3. The numbers of fetal anomalies detected in the three groups were three, two and two, respectively; these did not differ significantly between the groups.ConclusionsThis study suggests that, in an unselected pregnant population, second‐trimester ultrasound screening is easier to perform and less likely to require an additional scan at 20–22 weeks than at 18 weeks. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Analysis of normal breast tissue and of solid breast masses using three‐dimensional ultrasound mammography
Authors: Rotten D. , Levaillant J. M. , Zerat L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the appearance of normal breast tissue and breast masses with three‐dimensional ultrasound mammography, and evaluate the contribution of this to the diagnosis of breast masses.Materials and methodsA total of 186 solid hypoechoic breast masses were analyzed with two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasonography. Three‐dimensional planar reformatted sections were reconstructed along planes either orthogonal or parallel to the skin surface.ResultsWith parallel planar reformatted sections all the masses tended to be round. Margins were clearly demonstrated. In case of carcinomas, circumferential jagging was present in the equatorial planes. In case of fibroadenomas, complete wall continuity of the mass was readily apparent.The hyperechoic bands of fibrous tissue peripheral to the masses appeared either as distinct from the central image (compressive pattern) or converged towards the hypo‐echoic central core of the mass, producing a stellar pattern (converging pattern). These two patterns were preferentially associated with benign lesions and carcinomas, respectively. Three‐dimensional ultrasound mammography had higher specificity, but lower sensitivity, than two‐dimensional ultrasound mammography.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional reconstruction, in particular parallel planar reformatted sections, represents a valuable adjunct to the characterization of breast masses using ultrasonography. Further studies are necessary to assess the validity of the present findings, particularly with regard to the rarer, more unusual types of carcinoma. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Simultaneous multigate spectral Doppler imaging of the umbilical artery and placental vessels: novel ultrasound technology
Authors: Yagel S , Anteby E. Y. , Shen O. , Cohen S. M. , Friedman Z. , Achiron R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo establish gestational age‐specific nomograms of pulsatility indices in the umbilical artery and chorionic and intraplacental vessels, using novel ultrasound technology.Study designA prospective, cross‐sectional study of 160 healthy singleton pregnancies between 18 and 33 weeks of gestation.MeasurementsUsing simultaneous multigate spectral Doppler imaging specialized hardware and software, we measured the flow velocity waveforms of the umbilical artery, chorionic and intraplacental vessels. Computerized automatic mapping calculated the pulsatility indices in regions of interest.ResultsData were adequately obtained for 160 fetuses. The pulsatility index values in the three sites measured decreased with advancing gestational age; the correlation coefficients r = −0.74, r = −0.67 and r = −0.68 for the umbilical artery, chorionic and intraplacental vessels, respectively, were found to be highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001).ConclusionSimultaneous multigate spectral Doppler imaging provides simultaneous measurements of the velocity waveforms in the umbilical artery, chorionic and intraplacental vessels, and is a feasible and reproducible method of obtaining these data. The normal data presented may facilitate early detection of flow disturbances in the fetoplacental circulation. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First‐trimester fetal heart block: a marker for cardiac anomaly
Authors: Baschat A. A. , Gembruch U. , Knöpfle G. , Hansmann M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundFetal heart block in the second and third trimesters may be caused by transplacental passage of auto‐antibodies or cardiac defects. Little is known about the etiology of first‐trimester fetal heart block.Materials and methodsFetal heart block was diagnosed in four patients (negative antibody serology) referred for first‐trimester sonographic evaluation of increased fetal nuchal fold thickness with bradycardia. Two‐dimensional echocardiography was complemented by color Doppler flow imaging of the fetal heart. Fetal arrhythmia was verified by M‐mode, pulsed wave Doppler and/or color M‐mode echocardiography.ResultsAll fetuses had congenital heart disease, atrio‐ventricular valve regurgitation, heart block and edema. Autopsy confirmed heterotaxy in three cases (left atrial isomerism with atrial septal defect; left isomerism with double‐outlet right ventricle, great artery malposition and ventricular septal defect. The third case had dextrocardia with atrioventricular canal defect and the fourth case dextrocardia with great artery transposition.ConclusionFirst‐trimester fetal bradycardia may result from heart block of the type associated with complex congenital heart disease. Accelerated edema formation in this setting may be the basis of nuchal edema formation. First‐trimester fetal echocardiography offers the potential for early diagnosis and intervention in these cases with poor prognosis. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology