bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased resistance to generalist herbivores in invasive populations of the California poppy (Eschscholzia californica)
Authors: Leger Elizabeth A. , Forister Matthew L. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTEscape from enemies in the native range is often assumed to contribute to the successful invasion of exotic species. Following optimal defence theory, which assumes a trade‐off between herbivore resistance and plant growth, some have predicted that the success of invasive species could be the result of the evolution of lower resistance to herbivores and increased allocation of resources to growth and reproduction. Lack of evidence for ubiquitous costs of producing plant toxins, and the recognition that invasive species may escape specialist, but not generalist enemies, has led to a new prediction: invasive species may escape ecological trade‐offs associated with specialist herbivores, and evolve increased, rather than decreased, production of defensive compounds that are effective at deterring generalist herbivores in the introduced range. We tested the performance of two generalist lepidopteran herbivores, Trichoplusia ni and Orgyia vetusta, when raised on diets of native and invasive populations of the California poppy, Eschscholzia californica. Pupae of T. ni were significantly larger when reared on native populations. Similarly, caterpillars of O. vetusta performed significantly better when raised on native populations, indicating that invasive populations of the California poppy are more resistant to herbivores than native populations. The chance of successful establishment of some non‐indigenous plant species may be increased by retaining resistance to generalist herbivores, and in some cases, invasive species may be able to escape ecological trade‐offs in their new range and evolve, as we observed, even greater resistance to generalist herbivores than native plants.
Determinants for the successful establishment of exotic ants in New Zealand
Authors: Lester Philip J. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTBiological invasions can dramatically alter ecosystems. An ability to predict the establishment success for exotic species is important for biosecurity and conservation purposes. I examine the exotic New Zealand ant fauna for characteristics that predict or determine an exotic species’ ability to establish. Quarantine records show interceptions of 66 ant species: 17 of which have established, 43 have failed to establish, whereas nests of another six are periodically observed but have failed to establish permanently (called ‘ephemeral’ establishment). Mean temperature at the highest latitude and interception variables were the only factors significantly different between established, failed or ephemeral groups. Aspects of life history, such as competitive behaviour and morphology, were not different between groups. However, in a stepwise discriminant analysis, small size was a key factor influencing establishment success. Interception rate and climate were also secondarily important. The resulting classification table predicted establishment success with 71% accuracy. Because not all exotic species are represented in quarantine records, a further discriminant model is described without interception data. Though with less accuracy (65%) than the full model, it still correctly predicted the success or failure of four species not used in the previous analysis. Techniques for improving the prediction accuracy are discussed. Predicting which species will establish in a new area appears an achievable goal, which will be a valuable tool for conservation biology.
Visualizing environmental correlates of species geographical range limits
Authors: Bauer John T. , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTAlthough many studies have treated aspects of species geographical distributions and numerous approaches exist for understanding overall ecological correlates of distributions, software tools for exploring environmental correlates of distributional limits are relatively few. We focused on the challenge of understanding spatial correlates of distributional limits, and developed an extension to arcview that provides a simple, univariate test and visualization for such explorations. The ‘Boundary U‐test’ seeks out environmental variables that show steep gradients associated with user‐defined boundaries across geography. We illustrate the tool and its applications with an example of the likely historical distribution of Mexican wolf (Canis lupus).
An independent confirmation of a quantitative trait locus for milk yield and composition traits on bovine chromosome 26
Authors: Jiang Z. , De S. , Garcia M.D. , Griffin K.B. , Wu X.‐L. , Xiao Q. , Michal J.J. , Sharma B.S. , Jansen G.B. 
Published: July 2005

SummarySeveral reports have demonstrated that bovine chromosome 26 (BTA26) harbours significant or suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) for milk production and composition traits in dairy cattle. Our previous study showed that a C/T substitution in the bovine TCF7L2 gene on BTA26 was significantly linked to QTL for protein yield (PY) in a Canadian dairy cattle population. Actually, this polymorphism was one of the markers derived from a genome‐wide screening of QTL for milk PY using an amplified fragment length polymorphism technique combined with a DNA pooling strategy. In the present study, 990 Holstein bulls with complete genotype and phenotype data from 14 sire families were analysed to confirm, if the QTL effects exist in other populations. Statistical analysis revealed that this marker was significantly associated with PY, protein percentage, milk yield and fat yield (FY) (p < 0.001) in the US Holstein population. These results indicate that this QTL region has a pleiotrophic effect on different milk traits and is portable in different populations.
Case of non‐involuting congenital haemangioma
Authors: Matulich Jacqueline , Wood Glenda , Sugo Ella 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYA 4‐year‐old boy presented with a congenital vascular tumour behind his right ear. It had remained unchanged since birth and was asymptomatic. The parents sought a diagnosis and treatment. Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated a fast‐flow, lobulated vascular mass. Histology showed features of a non‐involuting congenital haemangioma. Glucose transporter‐1 staining was negative. The tumour was surgically excised without complication and has not recurred.
Lichen striatus in a pregnant woman
Authors: Brennand Sarah , Khan Sant , Chong Alvin H 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYWe report a case of lichen striatus in a 37‐year‐old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy. She presented at 35 weeks of pregnancy with a 6‐week history of a pruritic rash on the left side of her abdomen. Examination revealed an erythematous papular eruption arranged in a linear fashion from the umbilicus to the left mid back. Histological examination demonstrated lichenoid perivascular and periadnexal inflammatory infiltrate and the presence of colloid bodies. The eruption resolved prior to delivery with the application of mometasone furoate 0.1% ointment.
Abdominal wall ulceration and mucinosis secondary to recombinant human interferon‐β‐1b
Authors: Wells Jillian , Kossard Steven , McGrath Michael 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYA 46‐year‐old woman developed painful ulcers over her lower abdomen in the form of reticulate erythema after injecting interferon β‐1b subcutaneously for multiple sclerosis. Skin biopsy revealed multiple superficial thrombosed vessels with focal epidermal necrosis as well as prominent interstitial mucinosis. Treatment with low‐molecular‐weight heparin followed by a heparinoid resulted in slow healing of the ulcers but also allowed the subcutaneous interferon injections to be continued.
The ketogenic diet in refractory childhood epilepsy
Authors: Mackay Mark T , Bicknell‐Royle Jillian , Nation Judy , Humphrey Maureen , Harvey A Simon 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To report the efficacy and tolerability of the ketogenic diet (KD) in refractory paediatric epilepsy. Methods: Twenty‐six consecutive children were treated with the classical KD from 1996 to 2001. The epilepsy syndromes included symptomatic generalized epilepsy (15), idiopathic generalized epilepsy (4), symptomatic partial epilepsy (1) and unclassified epilepsy (6). One child was lost to follow up. Results: Median age at initiation of the KD was 6.1 years. Median duration of the treatment was 9 months. Twelve children (48%) were treated for >12 months; one still remains on the KD. Four children (16%) became seizure‐free. Five children (20%) had 50–99% reduction in seizures, seven (28%) had <50% reduction in seizures and eight (36%) had no improvement. Age, seizure‐type and aetiology did not predict response. The medications were decreased in 33% of the children. The KD was discontinued in 64% of the children because of poor efficacy and in 12% because of side‐effects. Problems during initiation of the KD included asymptomatic hypoglycaemia (24%) and vomiting (12%). Later complications included poor growth (20%), hyperlipidaemia (16%), hypercalcuria (8%), hypocarnitaemia (8%), constipation (8%), pancreatitis (4%) and decreased bone density (4%). There were no deaths. A 3‐month trial of the KD costs $A3879. The first 12 months cost $A7275 with a cost of $A4528 each year, thereafter. Conclusions: The KD is an effective treatment for some children with refractory epilepsy, being generally well tolerated and rarely associated with side‐effects. Response is not necessarily predicted by age, syndrome or aetiology. A prospective study of the KD is presently underway.
Case of live birth in a non‐communicating rudimentary horn pregnancy
Authors: Shin Jin Woo , Kim Hai Joong 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPregnancy in the rudimentary horn is an extremely rare condition. This report describes an unusual pregnancy in the rudimentary horn, which was misdiagnosed as a bicornuate uterine pregnancy on early obstetric sonogram. The pregnancy was successfully delivered using cesarean section, with both neonatal and maternal survival.
Linking litter calcium, earthworms and soil properties: a common garden test with 14 tree species
Authors: Reich Peter B. , Oleksyn Jacek , Modrzynski Jerzy , Mrozinski Pawel , Hobbie Sarah E. , Eissenstat David M. , Chorover Jon , Chadwick Oliver A. , Hale Cynthia M. , Tjoelker Mark G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTree species can influence biogeochemistry through variation in the quantity and chemistry of their litter, and associated impacts on the soil heterotrophic community. However, the role that different plant traits play in these processes is not well understood, nor is it clear whether species effects on soils largely reflect a gymnosperm vs. angiosperm contrast. Using a replicated, long‐term monoculture plot experiment, we examined variation in soils among 14 gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species 30 years after plot establishment, and assessed the role of litter chemistryvis‐à‐vissuch variation. Differences in litter calcium concentrations among tree species resulted in profound changes in soil acidity and fertility that were similar within and among tree groups. Tree species rich in calcium were associated with increased native earthworm abundance and diversity, as well as increased soil pH, exchangeable calcium, per cent base saturation and forest floor turnover rate.
Allee effects in biological invasions
Authors: Taylor Caz M. , Hastings Alan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of small populations is obviously important for declining or rare species but is also particularly important for invading species. The Allee effect, where fitness is reduced when conspecific density is low, can dramatically affect the dynamics of biological invasions. Here, we summarize the literature of Allee effects in biological invasions, revealing an extensive theory of the consequences of the Allee effect in invading species and some empirical support for the theory. Allee effects cause longer lag times, slower spread and decreased establishment likelihood of invasive species. Expected spatial ranges, distributions and patterns of species may be altered when an Allee effect is present. We examine how the theory can and has been used to detect Allee effects in invasive species and we discuss how the presence of an Allee effect and its successful or unsuccessful detection may affect management of invasives. The Allee effect has been shown to change optimal control decisions, costs of control and the estimation of the risk posed by potentially invasive species. Numerous ways in which the Allee effect can influence the efficacy of biological control are discussed.
Aerobic methane oxidation and methanotroph community composition during seasonal stratification in Mono Lake, California (USA)
Authors: Carini Stephen , Bano Nasreen , LeCleir Gary , Joye Samantha B. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryPatterns of aerobic methane (CH4) oxidation and associated methanotroph community composition were investigated during the development of seasonal stratification in Mono Lake, California (USA). CH4 oxidation rates were measured using a tritiated CH4 radiotracer technique. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequence analysis were used to characterize methanotroph community composition. A temporally shifting zone of elevated CH4 oxidation (59–123 nM day−1) was consistently associated with a suboxycline, microaerophilic zone that migrated upwards in the water column as stratification progressed. FISH analysis revealed stable numbers of type I (4.1–9.3 × 105 cells ml−1) and type II (1.4–3.4 × 105 cells ml−1) methanotrophs over depth and over time. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis indicated slight shifts in methanotroph community composition despite stable absolute cell numbers. Variable CH4 oxidation rates in the presence of a relatively stable methanotroph population suggested that zones of high CH4 oxidation resulted from an increase in activity of a subset of the existing methanotroph population. These results challenge existing paradigms suggesting that zones of elevated CH4 oxidation activity result from the accumulation of methanotrophic biomass and illustrate that type II methanotrophs may be an important component of the methanotroph population in saline and/or alkaline pelagic environments.
Island size and bacterial diversity in an archipelago of engineering machines
Authors: Van Der Gast Christopher J. , Lilley Andrew K. , Ager Duane , Thompson Ian P. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryThere is an increasing realization that progress in bacterial ecology can be further advanced by applying theories and models developed in ecology. Consequently, there is a significant need to assess the applicability of such tools, developed specifically for macroorganisms, for investigating the underlying issues that determine bacterial diversity and community assemblage. In this study, we employed the island biogeography species–area model, originally conceived to assess colonization of islands by macroorganisms, to assess bacterial communities colonizing metal‐cutting fluids from machines of increasing sump tank size, taking these to be analogous to islands of variable size. This system was selected because it is well studied and compared with other natural bacterial communities has a relatively low (manageable) diversity. Our findings show that island biogeography theory holds for the bacterial communities studied, in that smaller sump tanks contained lower and putatively less stable diversity, and larger sumps had greater diversity and were temporally stable. It was found that the calculated power law indices (i.e. z‐values) were similar for all sample sets, and strikingly, typical of those observed in classical ecology. This was not expected as bacteria have significant distinguishing features such as huge population sizes, rapid asexual reproduction and small body size that facilitate dispersal, and are particularly resistant to extinction.
Isolation and molecular detection of methylotrophic bacteria occurring in the human mouth
Authors: Anesti Vasiliki , McDonald Ian R. , Ramaswamy Meghna , Wade William G. , Kelly Donovan P. , Wood Ann P. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryDiverse methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the tongue, and supra‐ and subgingival plaque in the mouths of volunteers and patients with periodontitis. One‐carbon compounds such as dimethylsulfide in the mouth are likely to be used as growth substrates for these organisms. Methylotrophic strains of Bacillus, Brevibacterium casei, Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans, Methylobacterium, Micrococcus luteus and Variovorax paradoxus were characterized physiologically and by their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The type strain of B. casei was shown to be methylotrophic. Enzymes of methylotrophic metabolism were characterized in some strains, and activities consistent with growth using known pathways of C1‐compound metabolism demonstrated. Genomic DNA from 18 tongue and dental plaque samples from nine volunteers was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using primers for the 16S rRNA gene of Methylobacterium and the mxaF gene of methanol dehydrogenase. MxaF was detected in all nine volunteers, and Methylobacterium was detected in seven. Methylotrophic activity is thus a feature of the oral bacterial community.
Assessing children's appraisals of security in the family system: the development of the Security in the Family System (SIFS) scales
Authors: Forman Evan M. , Davies Patrick T. 
Published: July 2005

Background:  Although delineating the processes by which children appraise the family as a source of security from their collective experiences in the family subsystem has assumed center stage in many conceptualizations of child development, the dearth of measures of child adaptation in the family system has hindered empirical advances. Therefore, this study introduced and tested the psychometric properties of the Security in the Family System (SIFS) scales, a new measure designed to assess children's appraisals of security in their family as a whole.Methods:  The SIFS was administered to 853 10–15‐year‐old schoolchildren and readministered to a smaller subsample two weeks later. Additional data was gathered from children, caregivers and teachers using a variety of instruments tapping family instability, cohesion, and conflict; parenting warmth and psychological control; child externalizing and internalizing symptoms; parent–child and interparental insecurity; and children's reactions to conflict simulations.Results:  Consistent with models of emotional security in the family, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded three reliable (i.e., good internal consistency, test–retest reliability) dimensions of family security: Preoccupation, Security, and Disengagement. Concurrent and prospective associations between the SIFS scales and measures of family functioning, children's psychological problems, and insecurity in specific family relationships supported the validity of the SIFS. Support for the discriminant validity of the SIFS was evidenced by its specific patterns of relations with children's psychological problems and ability to predict psychological problems after controlling for insecurity in specific family subsystems.Conclusions:  Results indicate that the SIFS is a psychometrically sound tool capable of advancing family process models, and that family security is a viable construct whose factors parallel already‐identified patterns of children's security in other family relationships.
The facility and transfer points location problem
Authors: Berman Oded , Drezner Zvi , Wesolowsky George O. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the location of a facility and several transfer points to serve as collector points for customers who need the services of the facility. For example, demand for emergency services is generated at a set of demand points that need the services of a central facility (such as a hospital). Patients are transferred to a helicopter pad (transfer point) at normal speed, and from there they are transferred to the facility at increased speed. The model involves the location of multiple transfer points and one facility. Locating one transfer point when the set of demand points and the location of the facility are known was investigated in Berman et al. (2004a). Location of several transfer points when the location of the facility is given is investigated in Berman et al. (2004b). In this paper, we propose heuristic approaches for the solution of this problem and report computational experiments on a test set of 40 problems.
P–T–fluid evolution in the Mahalapye Complex, Limpopo high‐grade terrane, eastern Botswana
Authors: HISADA K. , PERCHUK L. L. , GERYA T. V. , VAN REENEN D. D. , PAYA B. K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMetapelites, migmatites and granites from the c. 2 Ga Mahalapye Complex have been studied for determining the P–T–fluid influence on mineral assemblages and local equilibrium compositions in the rocks from the extreme southwestern part of the Central Zone of the Limpopo high‐grade terrane in Botswana. It was found that fluid infiltration played a leading role in the formation of the rocks. This conclusion is based on both well‐developed textures inferred to record metasomatic reactions, such as Bt ⇒ And + Qtz + (K2O) and Bt ± Qtz ⇒ Sil + Kfs + Ms ± Pl, and zonation of Ms | Bt + Qtz | And + Qtz and Grt | Crd | Pl | Kfs + Qtz reflecting a perfect mobility (Korzhinskii terminology) of some chemical components. The conclusion is also supported by the results of a fluid inclusion study. CO2 and H2O ( = 0.6) are the major components of the fluid. The fluid has been trapped synchronously along the retrograde P–T path. The P–T path was derived using mineral thermobarometry and a combination of mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion density data. The Mahalapye Complex experienced low‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism with a retrograde evolution from 770 °C and 5.5 kbar to 560 °C and 2 kbar, presumably at c. 2 Ga.
Control of defects during continuous casting of line pipe (API) quality steels
Authors: Pradhan N. , Banerjee N. , Reddy B. B. , Sahay S. K. , Basu D. S. , Bhor P. K. , Das S. , Bhattyacharya S. 
Published: July 2005

Internal and surface quality of line pipe (API) grade steels are very important in addition to the various property requirements such as YS and UTS, YS/UTS ratio, elongation, fatigue strength at zero and sub zero temperature and weldability. Surface cracking is predominant in these steel grades because of the presence of various micro‐alloying (Nb, V, etc.) elements for their precipitation in various forms like nitrides and carbo‐nitrides at the prior austenite grain boundaries during continuous casting and making the solidified steel brittle.Besides this, internal soundness in terms of ultrasonic non‐destructive testing is another important requirement of line pipe plates. High rejection of plates of these grades was experienced in the initial phase of production in terms of surface defects (cracks and entrapment of non‐metallics) and internal defects (ultrasonic testing) including low yield at slab stage. These led to low yield of the final product. In view of this, development work was undertaken at Bhilai Steel Plant to improve processing technology to achieve higher yield of API grade plates. This paper discusses the reasons of low yield of slabs and plates in the initial stages of production and measures taken in continuous casting parameters to improve the same including the acceptability of final plates.