bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A humanized breast cancer microorganoid platform for the ranked evaluation of tumor microenvironment-targeted drugs by light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Henke Erik , Ascheid David , Baumann Magdalena , Pinnecker Jürgen , Friedrich Mike , Szi-Marton Daniel , Medved Cornelia , Bundalo Maja , Ortmann Vanessa , Öztürk Asli , Nandigama Rajender , Hemmen Katherina , Ergün Süleyman , Zernecke Alma , Hirth Matthias , Heinze Katrin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Targeting the supportive tumor microenvironment (TME) is an approach of high interest in cancer drug development. However, assessing TME-targeted drug candidates presents a unique set of challenges: Adequate assays need to recreate the TME at least in part and provide intricate information about drug-induced changes in the TME’s interactions. We have developed a comprehensive screening platform that allows to monitor, quantify, and rank drug-induced effects in self-organizing, vascularized tumor microorganoids (TMOs). Fully humanized, the confrontation of four different cell populations makes it possible to study complex changes in composition and cell-cell interaction. The platform is highly modular, allowing for adjustments regarding tumor entity, TME composition, or for genetic manipulation of individual cell populations. Treatment effects are recorded by light sheet fluorescence microscopy and translated by an advanced image analysis routine in processable multi-parametric datasets. The detailed data output allows for handling a wide range of potential inquiries. Nevertheless, the system proved to be robust, with strong interassay reliability. We demonstrate the platform's utility for the side-by-side evaluation of TME-targeted antifibrotic and antiangiogenic drugs. The platform's output delivered a broad scope of information about treatment effects, enabling clear distinction of even closely related drug candidates according to projected therapeutic needs. Moreover, the modular character allowed for the differential evaluation of genetically targeting different cellular components, adding new possibilities for tailoring selective drugs.
Characterising the change rule of freshness and inorganic anions in reconstituted tobacco pulp with oscillation time
Authors: Li Huayu , Li Pengyu , Li Xiaoyu , Xu HongTao , Wang RuNan , Yan Ying , Yan Shaohui , Zhang Litao , Xue Jianzhong , Wang Yanqing , Zu Mengmeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In order to study the change rule of freshness and acid ions in reconstituted tobacco slurry, the content changes of 17 organic acids and 5 inorganic anions in reconstituted tobacco slurry with different residence times under confined condition were determined by on-line solid-phase extraction ion chromatography in this study. The results showed that the changes of acetic acid, nitrate ion and isovaleric acid in different reconstituted tobacco slurries with oscillation time were regular and consistent, and the trends of the changes of acetic acid, nitrate ion and isovaleric acid in different reconstituted tobacco slurries with oscillation time were correlated with each other in a highly significant way. Taking the evaluation of olfactory aroma and sensory quality qualities of reconstituted tobacco pulps with different residence times as a benchmark, it was found that the variation patterns of nitrate ions and isovaleric acid in reconstituted tobacco pulps with oscillation time were consistent with the variation patterns of olfactory and sensory qualities in the process of closed oscillation; compared with the fresh pulp, the olfactory aroma and sensory qualities of tobacco pulps had unpleasant odours appearing when the content of nitrate ions was reduced by about 50%. The selection of isovaleric acid and nitrate ion as the characteristic components of tobacco reconstituted pulp for monitoring can provide technology for optimising pulp retention time and production process.
The Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy Followed by Thoracic Radiation in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ma Hong Lian , Zhao Ming Dan , Meng Ji Mei , Peng Jie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: The administration of thoracic irradiation has been shown to extend the overall survival rate in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of thoracic radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Methods: Data pertaining to the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), treatment response, and adverse events of 62 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC who underwent immunotherapy followed by thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) were retrospectively gathered.
Results: The median PFS and OS were 9 and 15 months, respectively. The patients showed different treatment responses, with 5 patients (8.06%) achieving complete response (CR), 36 patients (58.06%) achieving partial response (PR), 19 patients (30.65%) showing stable disease (SD), and 2 patients (3.23%) experiencing progressive disease (PD). The patients who achieved CR or PR had longer PFS and OS than patients with SD or PD [median PFS: 11.00 vs 7.00 months, HR: 0.45 (0.22-0.91), P <0.001; median OS: not reached (NR) vs 8.00 months, HR: 0.29 (0.13-0.67), P <0.001, respectively].
Conclusions: Thoracic radiotherapy targeting the primary lesion following immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC can delay disease progression and extend survivalwhile maintaining an acceptable level of safety.
Validation of the new IDF-DAR risk assessment tool for Ramadan fasting in patients with diabetes in a primary healthcare setting.
Authors: Alketbi Latifa Baynouna , Afandi Bachar , Nagelkerke Nico , Abdubaqi Hanan , Nuaimi Ruqaya Al , Saedi Mariam Al , Blooshi Fatima Al , Blooshi Noura Al , AlAryani Aysha , AlMarzooqi Nouf , Khouri Amal Al , Mansoori Shamsa Al , Hassanein Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background:
In diabetic patients intending to fast, Ramadan, risk assessment, and stratification are essential for an individualized treatment plan. The new IDF-DAR risk stratification tool (International Diabetes Federation - Diabetes and Ramadan Alliance) is becoming the primary tool. This study aims to validate this tool in the Abu Dhabi population.
Method
IDF-DAR risk stratification assessment was done before Ramadan, followed by assessing any significant outcome after Ramadan. Patients were included if the attending physicians used the tool in the risk assessment of the patients within six weeks before Ramadan 1444, 2022, in the AHS healthcare center. After Ramadan, assessment was done through tele-interview and Electronic Medical Records review.
Results
Patients included in the study were 435, excluding 21 patients with type 1 Diabetes. Half of the patients were in the low-risk category of the IDF-DAR risk stratification tool (51.7%), 28.5% in the moderate-risk category, and 19.8% in the higher-risk category. Most of those patients fasted all of Ramadan, 81.3%, and the remaining 28.7% attempted to fast but had to break their fast; among them, only 17 (3.9%)did not fast for 15 days or more.
The lower-risk group was younger, with an average age of 56.3 years, compared to the moderate and high-risk risk, who had an average age of 59 and 64.5 years, respectively. Diabetes control was progressively worse with increasing the DAR risk category with an average HbA1C of 7.18, 8.2, and 9 for the low, moderate, and high-risk categories. From all the sample, 14 (3.8%) were admitted at least once, and 56 (12.9%) had at least one significant event, including admission to the hospital.
Using logistic regression, the determinant factor of not having an adverse event was fasting more days, B=-0.08 OR=0.92 (0.86-0.99) p value=0.023. Another independent risk factor was being in the low-risk category of the DAR risk assessment tool B=-1.2, OR= 0.29 (0.09-0.95)p value=0.042 and having a higher frailty score was the third independent risk factor, B=0.4, OR=1.5 (1-2.02-1.86) p value=0.039.
Conclusion
Diabetic patients in the Low-risk category, according to the IDF-DAR risk assessment, had a better outcome than the Moderate or high-risk categories during Ramadan regarding significant adverse events. Another independent risk factor is if the patient is Frail, according to the FRAIL scoring.
How does visual perception change for people with cognitive decline? A Scoping Review
Authors: Chaudhury Habib , Proctor Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Visual impairment and its associated functional limitations are a common experience of people living with cognitive decline; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment is a vital step in developing effective sensory testing and intervention.
Objective
The current study is a scoping review of the literature investigating the association between visual changes and cognitive decline or dementia, and how this relates to functional difficulties.
Design
Online databases were searched to highlight relevant research from 2015-August 2022, of which we included 30 items in our final sample.
Results
The existing literature implicates visual impairment as a risk factor for cognitive decline, with 24 of the 30 studies reporting an association between visual impairment and cognitive decline.
Conclusions
Most of the studies found an association between visual impairment and cognitive decline, dementia, mild cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment-no dementia. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of action underpinning this relationship, including multiple measures of vision across various cognitive domains.
Trends, lag and characteristics of orphan drug approvals in the USA and China, 1983-2022
Authors: Wang Shaohong , Liu Xin , Zou Yuzhen , Tang Yan , Zuo Wei , Shang Junmei , Tian Xin , Liu Qingyang , Xu Tingting , Zhang Bo , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Over the past approximately 40 years, Chinese drug regulations have undergone many major reforms to accelerate the approval of drugs and keep pace with the scientific innovation of drugs in the world, especially developed countries. In 2018, China’s National Health Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly released China's "First Batch of Rare Diseases Catalogue". However, there is currently less relevant research on the overview and speed of the approval of rare disease drugs (orphan drugs) in China.
Methods
This mixed-methods study comprised a systematic review and cross-sectional analysis of orphan drugs approved in China and the USA from 1983 to 2022 through official drug search databases and systematically analyzed and compared orphan drugs approved in the USA and China, including the number, marketing time, chemical types, ingredient classes, and special approval pathways.
Results
During 1983–2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marketed a total of 693 orphan drugs (including 1,228 dosage forms/specifications) and a total of 201 (29.00%, 201/693) orphan drugs (including 425 (34.58%, 425/1228) dosage forms/specifications) marketed by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China. The number of China's orphan drugs on the market is increasing year by year, and the approval speed has gradually accelerated. The average lag time for orphan drug marketing by the NMPA compared to the FDA has decreased from 28.81 years (1983–1987) to 1.66 years (2018–2022), showing a progressive downward trend (down by 94.24%). The time lag between FDA orphan drug marketing and designation is becoming increasingly shorter, especially after 2006. The special procedures for drug marketing have a great promoting effect on orphan drug approval.
Conclusion
This research provides evidence of breakthroughs in the review and approval of orphan drugs in China and demonstrates the tremendous boost to orphan drugs from China's ongoing restructuring and reform of the drug regulatory ecosystem, as well as a stimulus for future orphan drug development in China and the world.
Impact of Using Virtual Avatars in Educational Videos on User Experience
Authors: Zhang Ruyuan , Wu Qun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
(1) Background: popularization of knowledge is of considerable importance and necessity, and traditional knowledge popularization activities suffer from high cost and low acceptance, which affect their effectiveness and coverage. Applying virtual avatars to educational videos may be an effective way to solve the problem. This study investigates the impact of applying virtual avatars to educational videos on user experience;
(2) Methods: constructed a model of the impact of user experience on educational videos with virtual avatars, collected data from the target population, and analyzed it empirically;
(3) Results: the video quality and virtual avatar expressiveness dimensions of the influencing factors have a significant positive effect on the learning effect, emotional experience and user engagement dimensions of user experience; the content quality dimension of the influencing factors has a significant negative effect on the three dimensions of user experience;
(4) Conclusions: the video quality and virtual avatar expressiveness dimensions of the influencing factors have a significant positive effect on the learning effect, emotional experience and user engagement dimensions of user experience; the content quality dimension of the influencing factors has a significant negative effect on the three dimensions of user experience.
Giant Rat Tail Grass (Sporobolus pyramidalis) grain as a novel food for human consumption: an infrared study
Authors: KANE VICTORIA , COZZOLINO DANIEL , HARRISON MARK D , Pols JOLIEKE van der 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Giant Rat Tail Grass (GRT) is an introduced pasture plant species to Australia. The low palatability of GRT to livestock and its high seed count and drought tolerance are contributing factors to define this species as invasive pest. An alternative use for the plant would potentially alleviate the requirement of landholders to engage methods of eradication. The aim of this study was to collect and analyse the infrared fingerprint of GRT grain to assess its nutritional suitability for human consumption. Whole grain samples of GRT (n = 10) and teff (n = 3), a staple African grain, were analysed using attenuated total reflectance mid infrared spectroscopy (ATR-MIR spectroscopy). The MIR absorbance values of protein, lipids, and starch of each GRT and teff samples were calculated and compared. The MIR results indicated that GRT seeds have comparable levels of protein, lipids, and starch comparable to other commercially available seeds such as teff. The MIR spectra of GRT seeds showed that they have potential nutritional value for human consumption; however, the concentration of protein, starch and lipids was not determined. Further research is required to quantify the levels of these nutrients and suitability of GRT seeds for human consumption.
The Role of Kdm5d in the Development of Chemoresistance to Cisplatin Through Cul4a in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Podhorska Natalia , Hrabeta Jan , Belhajova Marie , Eckschlager Tomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Chemoresistance is a major cause of cancer therapy failure. Increasing evidence points to the importance of histone lysine demethylase function, whose dysregulation has been described in many cancers. KDM5, a family of histone lysine demethylases, may play a critical role in downregulation of tumour-suppressors or upregulation of oncogenes and in the development of drug tolerance. In this study, we examined the expression of KDM5D in cell lines derived from high-risk neuroblastoma. We found that KDM5D expression was lost in all cisplatin-chemoresistant neuroblastoma cell lines compared with sensitive parental cells. In addition, we found that the cisplatin-chemoresistant neuroblastoma cell line had increased expression of the ubiquitin ligase cullin 4A (CUL4A) compared with the sensitive parental cells. CUL4A plays a role in cellular processes and its aberrant regulation has been observed in a number of cancers. We have shown that silencing of KDM5D causes a more aggressive phenotype of NBL by promoting cell proliferation and migration, evading cell death, promoting S phase of the cell cycle, and desensitizing sensitive cells to CDDP via the gene CUL4A. In addition, ectopic expression of KMD5D in a cisplatin-resistant cell line reversed these phenomena. Our results suggest that KDM5D and / or CUL4A may be a biomarkers of chemoresistance to cisplatin and a potential therapeutic target in NBL.
Dynamics of Rapid Evolution on the Basis of Phenotypic Adaptation and Ecological Opportunities
Authors: Pasti Rodrigo , Politi Alexandre , de Castro Leandro Nunes 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that evolution can be observed in a few dozen generations, especially when species occupy a new ecological opportunity due to environmental changes. There are several factors that induce this rapid evolution and are related to the phenotype and its response to the environment. This response is then determined by phenotypic variation, because if patterns of diversity in a population produce a rapid response to an environmental change, then rapid adaptation to the new environment can occur. This paper aims to investigate patterns of evolution of species in an artificial ecosystem, and to highlight some patterns that promote rapid evolution. Understanding how rapid evolution occurs is not only of fundamental importance in understanding evolutionary processes and species conservation, but also to provide support for improving the resolution of certain types of problems, especially those in which the solution is time-variant. To achieve the objectives of this paper, a computational model of Adaptive Radiation was designed using the concepts of Biogeographic Computing, an area of knowledge that studies ecosystems as information processors, a fundamental principle of Natural Computing. Habitats are represented by adaptive surfaces, which in turn are composed of different ecological opportunities. The results show, for example, that dramatic changes in ecosystems can lead to a rapid response and a rapid adaptation to new ecological opportunities, mainly because of the emergent and self-sustaining behaviour promoted by the continuous speciation, extinction and adaptation of species. This emergent dynamic supports the thesis that rapid environmental changes can lead to rapid evolution. This behaviour, in turn, is highly desired when considering time-varying problem solving. If solutions to a problem are changing over time, sometimes it is necessary to rapidly find new solutions.
Ultrasonography of the donkey tarsus
Authors: Mohamad Zakriya A. Al 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Tarsal joint illness is a frequent source of hind limb lameness due to the complex anatomy of the region and the presence of numerous bony and soft tissue structures. Proper lameness diagnosis aims to discover the structure provoking lameness. Ultrasonography documents valuable information of soft tissues and characterizes soft tissue injuries that have heretofore been difficult to obtain either noninvasively or via radiography. The objectives of the current study were to develop and describe a standardized ultrasonographic protocol for investigation of the tarsal region in donkeys. The donkey tarsal anatomy was investigated in 5 cadavers and the tarsi of 11 healthy lameness free adult donkeys were echographically investigated. The dorsal, plantar, lateral and medial aspects of the tarsal region were substantially evaluated at four anatomical landmarks in both the longitudinal and horizontal planes using a multi-frequency 5–12 MHz linear transducer. Sonoanatomy of the extensor and flexor tarsal tendons, collateral and plantar ligaments, and synovial pouches was delineated and described. Systematic echography of the tarsal region allowed accurate localization and thorough exploration of various soft tissues of clinical interest in the donkey tarsus. Sonograms provided in this study should serve as a reference database for tarsal ultrasonography in clinical circumstances.
Self-management Intervention for Reducing Epilepsy Burden Among Adult Ugandans With Epilepsy (Smart-u), Randomised Clinical Trial Protocol
Authors: Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Kaddumukasa Mark , Najjuma Josephine , Birungi Doreen , Kaddumukasa Martin , Levin Jennifer , Still Carolyn , Burant Christopher , Modi Avani , Katabira Elly. T , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disorder globally affecting people of all ages, with the majority living in developing countries. The introduction of epilepsy self-management approaches to help people with epilepsy is urgently needed to influence epilepsy-related outcomes. This 2-site randomised controlled trial building on promising preliminary data is intended to explore this further.
Methods:
A total of 188 adult people with epilepsy (PWE) attending the neurology clinics at Mulago and Mbarara hospitals and consent to participate in the study. They will be randomised into intervention versus enhanced treatment control (eTAU) study groups. The intervention group will receive 12-week “intensive” educational sessions and a 12-week remotely accessed telephone follow-up stage. The controls will continue in their usual care supplemented by written materials on epilepsy in their preferred language and tailored to the reading level of most patients at the clinic. SMART-U consists of 2 main components: a 12-week “intensive” group format stage and a 12-week remotely accessed telephone follow-up stage. SMART-U will be assessed for acceptability, fidelity, and efficacy compared to eTAU. The primary study outcome is the mean change in cumulative past 24-week seizure frequency (24 weeks prior to the study baseline compared to the 24-week follow-up). Seizure frequency will be via self-report with corroboration by family/support system informants whenever possible. Participants will self-report their seizure frequency (numeric count) that they experienced between baseline and 13 weeks and again between 13 and 24 weeks and the mean change from baseline to 24 weeks in QOL.
Discussion: The curriculum-guided Self-Management intervention for Reducing The epilepsy burden among Ugandans (SMART-U) program is anticipated to reduce the epilepsy burden seizure frequency and improve other health outcomes, including depression, functional status and health resource use.
Trial Registration Number (TRN): NCT06139198
Date of registration: 14th November 2023