bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A - 98 Neuropsychological Case Study: Retrograde Memory Loss of Significant Events for a Young Male with Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Kim Emily H , Schulze Evan T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We present the neuropsychological profile of a 40-year-old male with a history of antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome (APS) identified in 2012, followed by multiple cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), including precerebral artery embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The presenting concern was decline in recalling significant remote events that appeared to be temporally unrelated.

Method
Referral from neurology to conduct a comprehensive neuropsychological re-evaluation to assist with treatment planning and aid in diagnostic clarity given cognitive changes since the patient’s previous evaluation in 2018. Prior hospitalizations were in the context of multiple CVAs. In addition to neuropsychological assessment, chart review and clinical interview were conducted.

Results
The patient’s cognitive profile was largely preserved. However, acquisition of information was generally reduced currently and relative to 2018, which may have impacted his delayed recall performances, albeit many delayed recall scores were within normal limits and recognition memory was intact. Basic auditory attention, working memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, visuoconstruction, and executive functions remained intact. Self-report psychological questionnaires indicated minimal mood symptoms.

Conclusion
The patient exhibited cognitive decline over a 5-year interval in the absence of new CVAs or mood symptoms. Despite cognitive difficulties being reported in 11 to 60% of APS patients, the low estimated prevalence of APS (between 1 and 2 cases per 100,000) presents a challenge in arriving at a consensus regarding the cognitive profile correlates. The results of this case report are a valuable addition to the existing literature and underscore the necessity for additional research on cognitive difficulties and neuropsychological profile of individuals with APS.
A - 100 Contributions to the Understanding of the Neuropsychological Profile of Adult Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients
Authors: Kocas H Deniz , Barr William B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
While there is ample evidence on the neuropsychological profile of pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), less is known about adults with this condition. We present the cognitive profile of a 53-year-old female diagnosed with NF1 in early childhood. Her history included developmental delays in coordination and walking, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, and recently diagnosed breast cancer.

Method
The patient presented for a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment for concerns related to her job performance within the last two years. She reported: 1) difficulty staying focused and on task, 2) increased forgetfulness, and 3) misplacing things.

Results
Intellectual functioning was well-preserved. In the executive functioning domain, difficulties were observed in novel problem-solving and organizational skills. Performances on processing speed tests varied, which may have been due to challenges in approaching novel tasks. There was also variation in visual construction skills, however, her low score was likely due to difficulties with executive skills and bilateral motor weakness. She reported mild symptoms of depression and anxiety, and high levels of adult and childhood ADHD.

Conclusions
There were several mild relative cognitive weaknesses which were likely a reflection of long-standing ADHD symptoms, secondary to the NF1 diagnosis. In particular, her cognitive profile demonstrated challenges with higher-order executive functions, most notably novel problem-solving. The cumulative impact of other factors, including breast cancer and hormonal changes associated with perimenopause, might also be contributing to the neuropsychological profile. Additionally, her cognitive symptoms are likely exacerbated by her reported chronic low mood.
A - 103 Persistent Longitudinal Differences in Cognition between Men and Women with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Marshall Rachel , Brearly Timothy W , Huang Xuemei , Lewis Mechelle M , Eslinger Paul J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Cross-sectional studies of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have identified cognitive differences between men with PD (MPD) and women with PD (WPD) at single time points. WPD generally outperform MPD on global cognition, memory, executive functions, verbal fluency, and processing speed measures, whereas MPD perform better on visuospatial tasks. Little is known about sex-based differences in PD cognition longitudinally. This study examined neurocognitive profiles in WPD, MPD, and health controls (HC) over three years.

Method
Participants were 26 PD (16 WPD, 10 MPD) and 51 HC (28 females, 23 males). Age (M = 60.70, SD = 7.89) and education (M = 15.07, SD = 2.77) were consistent across groups. PD mean disease duration was 4.04 years (SD = 4.56), with samples matched for disease duration and severity. At baseline and three-year follow-up, neuropsychological measures of attention, memory, language, visuospatial, and executive functions were completed. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction examined differences between samples over time controlling for age and education.

Results
In both PD and control groups, women outperformed men on measures of verbal learning and verbal memory over time. WPD also performed significantly better than MPD in verbal and visual working memory and semantic fluency tasks at baseline and at 3-year follow-up. In contrast, MPD outperformed WPD on visuospatial perception at both time points, with remaining measures being similar.

Conclusions
Results build upon earlier cross-sectional studies and confirm that WPD have persisting, comparative strengths in verbal memory, working memory and semantic fluency in contrast to visuospatial perception for MPD in early disease stages.
A - 104 Basal Ganglia Calcification, Hypothyroidism, and COVID-19: a Case of Possible Fahr’s Syndrome
Authors: Myers Melissa A , Pizer Jasmin H , Hill Benjamin D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Major neurocognitive Disorder (NCD) is a largely heterogeneous condition with numerous etiological possibilities. Most diagnosed cases have unspecified origins. As such, Fahr’s syndrome (FS) is a rare neurodegenerative condition that clinically presents with varying neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and movement disorder features. FS is characterized by bilateral basal ganglia calcifications secondary to other conditions (e.g., endocrine and metabolic disorders, infectious diseases). This case will expand upon the literature of rare and poly-etiological presentations of NCD.

Method
A 75-year-old White male underwent neuropsychological evaluation due to concerns from his wife regarding sudden onset of diminished mood, anhedonia, hypersomnia, disinhibition, and idiosyncratic motor movements two years prior which worsened after contracting COVID-19. Patient has multiple co-morbid medical conditions including hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia, intermediate hyperglycemia, prostate cancer (in remission), and history of a syncopal episode. Neuroimaging was remarkable for bilateral basal ganglia calcifications and white matter lesions.

Results
At the exam, patient exhibited hypomimia, ataxic gait, alogia, sporadic motor stereotypies, and motor overflow. Overall performance on the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery was Below Average with relative weaknesses in attention, memory, processing speed, mental flexibility, and motor functioning. Patient was diagnosed with Major NCD of unspecified etiology and instructed to continue consultation with neurology.

Conclusions
This patient’s cognitive difficulties appeared poly-etiological and are likely attributed to the combination of basal ganglia calcification, white matter changes, hypothyroidism, and COVID-19 which suggests the presence of FS. This case exemplifies the importance of considering multiple etiologies, including the implications of COVID-19 during the diagnostic process as more neurologic symptoms of COVID-19 are still being discovered.
A - 105 Trajectories of Alcohol Use in Hispanic Individuals with TBI over the Ten Years Post-Injury: a Model Systems Study
Authors: Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos , Watson Jack D , Rodríguez Miriam , Ramos-Usuga Daniela , Perrin Paul B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To examine alcohol consumption patterns and predictors of consumption across time among Hispanics with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in the United States (U.S.) within ten years post-injury.

Methods
Longitudinal cohort study. The sample included 1342 Hispanics (77.6% males) from the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) database who had at least one complete data record at one of the follow-up data collections for average number of drinks consumed per episode of drinking in the previous month and one complete data record for number of times when five or more drinks were consumed in a single episode in the previous month.

Results
Across the full sample, alcohol consumption variables generally demonstrated quadratic movement characterized by an initial increase followed by a plateau or slight decrease over the 10 years post-injury. Participants were more likely to consume a greater number of drinks per episode over time if they were men, single, with a history of excessive alcohol use, with a nonviolent mechanism of injury, shorter duration of PTA, and higher levels of education. Participants had a greater number of 5+ drinks/episode occurrences in the past month if they were men and had had a greater number of 5+ drinks/episode occurrences in the month before injury. There was no differential change in alcohol consumption over time as a function of these predictors.

Conclusions
This study identified a profile of at-risk Hispanics with TBI for increased alcohol consumption. These individuals should be identified and targeted for early evidence-based alcohol intervention after TBI when results might be most favorable.
A - 107 The Association between Sleep Disorders and Sleep Problems and Resilience in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Riegler Kaitlin E , Beauvais John , Neto Lindsay O , Gromisch Elizabeth S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To examine the relationship between sleep disorders and self-reported sleep problems and resilience in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We hypothesized that PwMS with sleep disorders would report lower resilience than those with self-reported sleep problems with no formal diagnosis or those without sleep disorder/problems.

Method
Participants (n = 112) were PwMS from a larger study conducted at a specialized MS Center. Medical record review was conducted to categorize PwMS into three groups: sleep disorders (n = 27), sleep problems with no formal diagnosis (n = 39), or no sleep disorder/problems (n = 46). Resiliency was measured using the Multiple Sclerosis Resiliency Scale (MSRS), which has five subscales. Differences between the groups on the overall MSRS and subscales were examined with ANOVAs or Kruskal-Wallis tests, with Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests.

Results
PwMS with sleep disorders reported significantly lower overall resilience (M = 72.00, SD = 9.12) than those without sleep disorders (M = 79.15, SD = 10.85; p = 0.014). Analysis of MSRS subscales showed PwMS without sleep disorders (Mdn = 17.00) reported more support from family and friends than the sleep problems group (Mdn = 15.00; p = 0.009) and the sleep disorder group (Mdn = 14.00; p &lt; 0.001). There were no significant group differences on the four other subscales (Emotional and Cognitive Strategies, Physical Activity and Diet, MS Peer Support, or Spirituality).

Conclusion(s)
PwMS with sleep disorders reported lower resilience than those without sleep disorders. Specifically, Support from Family and Friends was significantly different between groups, indicating that support may be particularly important in the relationship between sleep disorders/problems and resilience in MS.
A - 108 Understanding Cognitive Deficits in Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy
Authors: Rios Guevara Linda V , Alcina Jorge , Duarte Andres , Gonzalez Dayron , Perez-Haddock Yanelee , Villafana Mei-Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The systematic review aims to explore areas of cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy (HE).

Method
A systematic review of current HE literature was conducted from 2013 to 2023. We conducted a bibliographical search of peer-reviewed articles through PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords Hashimoto, encephalopathy, and cognitive deficit. The review also included articles designated as “case reports” or “case studies” published in English and within the same time frame noted above. From the initial search results, 100 articles were extracted for initial review. Following this search, 9 articles were retained. The excluded articles were not in English and did not have HE as the main diagnostic criteria.

Results
The literature highlighted classic clinical manifestations, including acute to subacute onset of cognitive confusion with alteration of consciousness. Cognitive deficits and generalized seizures were the most common manifestations in diagnosis.

Conclusions
While HE is a rare clinical condition presenting in patient populations between their 50s and 60s, it should be considered in any patient presenting acute or subacute encephalopathy of unknown etiology or in patients with diffuse cognitive decline with an intermittent or progressive course. While the medical condition can be treated with immunosuppressive therapy, around 2–5% of patients may not respond to medical treatment. The treatment of the neurocognitive presentation in HE patients has yet to be evaluated. Limitations of the present review include scarce empirical literature in this area of study and small sample sizes of some of the available studies.
A - 109 Language and Executive Function Outcomes in Bilingual Versus Monolingual Stroke Patients
Authors: Rios Guevara Linda V , Alcina Jorge , Duarte Andres , Gonzalez Dayron , Haddock Yanelee Perez , Villafana Mei-Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This systematic literature review sought to investigate the impact of bilingualism versus monolingualism on language and executive function outcomes in adult patients diagnosed with strokes.

Method
A review of the current literature was conducted from 2013 to 2023. We conducted a bibliographical search of peer-reviewed articles through Google Scholar, PubMed, and Taylor&Francis Online using the keywords language outcomes, executive function outcomes, bilingual vs. monolingual, and stroke patient bilingual outcomes. From the initial search results, 20 articles were extracted for an initial review. Following this search, 4 articles were retained. Articles excluded were not peer-reviewed, did not have a stroke or bilingual vs. monolingual outcomes as the main criteria, and were not originally in or translated to English.

Results
The literature identified bilingualism as an independent predictor of post-stroke cognitive impairment. However, when assessing the bilingual groups, contradicting results across the literature were found. It was indicated that when testing bilingual patients in their secondary language, their language and executive performance are most likely to decrease after a stroke.

Conclusions
Although literature comparing language and executive function in bilingual and monolingual stroke patients is limited, results have demonstrated that bilingualism is associated with better cognitive outcomes post-stroke when patients are evaluated in their primary language. Nonetheless, persistent executive function deficits are suggestive of a cautionary interpretation of a potential bilingual advantage in the acute stage of the condition.
A - 112 Subjective and Objective Cognition in Patients Driving with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Schecter Rachel , Foley Frederick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system that results in focal lesions of demyelination, inflammation, and axonal damage to the brain and spinal cord. MS affects nearly one million people in the United States. Drivers with MS have been characterized by shorter disease durations, milder disabilities and greater awareness of their deficits compared to non-drivers. Cognitive function can impact MS patients’ driving abilities, specifically their processing speed, attention and visuospatial deficiencies.

Method
This study evaluates whether subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can predict objective cognitive functioning to improve identification of patients at risk for impaired driving. All participants were patients at an MS Center, and had a diagnosis of MS based on the McDonald criteria. One hundred and eight MS patients were included in the study, and all participants completed the symbol digit modality test (SDMT).

Results
The majority of patients were female (75.9%), and only 19.4% of study participants reported having SCD that impact their driving ability. Participants with poorer processing speed had endorsed cognitive difficulties impacting their driving, U = 503.00, p = 0.001. Results suggest that slower SDMT scores may likely predict SCD.

Conclusion
Patients with MS with poorer processing speed were also likely to report a SCD, and had a higher incidence rate of motor vehicle accidents. This relationship needs to be further assessed to aid in the safety of patients of MS and understanding if barriers such as lack of social support or work obligations that require them to continue driving.
A - 113 Strengths-Based Neuropsychology in Neurological Surgery: a Neuropsychiatric Case Study of Treatment Refractory Right-Sided Focal Seizures
Authors: Seger Madison , Sacks-Zimmerman Amanda , Bender Heidi A , Kandula Padmaja 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Psychiatric comorbidity is high among patients with epilepsy, found more frequently with right-sided seizure foci. Neurosurgical intervention is often the standard of care for refractory epilepsy; unfortunately, psychiatric symptoms can impact a patient’s compliance and participation in the pre-surgical process. This pre-surgical epilepsy case illustrates the importance of neuropsychological evaluation in clarifying the relationship between cognitive functioning and long-standing psychiatric comorbidities to inform surgical candidacy.

Method
A 20-year-old, left-handed, bilingual Caucasian female with seven years of education with cortical dysplasia associated with intractable right-hemisphere localization-related epilepsy underwent neuropsychological evaluation for progressive short-term memory and word-finding difficulty as part of a pre-surgical workup. A clinical interview, neuropsychological testing, and comprehensive review of available electronic medical records (EMR) were completed.

Results
Neuropsychological estimates of current intellectual functioning were low average but variable, revealing a relative strength in non-verbal learning and memory compared to verbal abilities. Self-report emotional measures evidenced clinically elevated levels of anxiety and depression and reduced quality of life due to epilepsy. Psychiatric diagnoses included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and panic attacks. EMR and clinical interview indicated medication non-compliance, alcohol intoxication, dysregulated sleep hygiene, seizure-related injuries, and history of status epilepticus.

Conclusion
Consistent with the literature, this pre-surgical case demonstrated significant psychiatric symptoms in the context of right-sided treatment refractory epilepsy. While psychiatric comorbidities contributed to non-adherence with medical recommendations, under-functioning in vocational goals, and general hopelessness, the neuropsychological evaluation revealed strengths that impacted surgical candidacy and rapport-building that facilitated patient engagement and understanding of the surgical process.
A - 116 Wernicke’s Encephalopathy in the Setting of Cacosmia Secondary to COVID-19
Authors: Szczepkowski Kirk , Pinjala Maya , Kuwabara Hana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common symptoms in COVID-19, with some individuals developing persistent parosmia/cacosmia despite resolution of acute infection. There have been few case reports of Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) resulting from complications of COVID-19, including malnutrition due to significant emesis and parosmia/cacosmia. This case presents a neuropsychological profile of a patient with WE following COVID-19.

Method
Patient is a 40-year-old female who acquired COVID-19 in early 2021 that did not require significant intervention. She developed anosmia that resolved in about 2 weeks but developed cacosmia upon return of sensation, resulting in near daily nausea, emesis, and anorexia. She experienced intermittent periods of confusion and bilateral lower extremity paresthesia. Over a year later, she presented to the hospital due to altered mental status, oculomotor dysfunction, and gait ataxia. She was deficient in thiamine, folic acid, and copper. MRI was significant for increased T2/FLAIR signal involving the mammillary bodies, periaqueductal gray matter, and medial thalami bilaterally. She was hospitalized for 7 days and in acute rehabilitation for 9 days, with ongoing rehabilitative therapies. Neuropsychological evaluation was conducted 10 months post hospitalization.

Results
Neuropsychological testing was significant for memory difficulties (both verbal and visual information), predominantly encoding/retrieval deficits with evidence of decreased efficiency of consolidation. She also demonstrated difficulty with select aspects of executive functioning. Her profile was otherwise unremarkable. Diagnosis was Mild Neurocognitive Disorder.

Conclusions
This case demonstrates neurocognitive sequela of WE in the unique setting of cacosmia secondary to COVID-19. Patients with persistent olfactory/gustatory complications may be at risk for cognitive sequela of malnutrition/WE.