bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation by progestogens of the effects of oestrogen on hepatic endocrine function in postmenopausal women
Authors: Nugent Ailish G. , Leung Kin‐Chuen , Sullivan David , Reutens Anne T. , Ho Ken K. Y. 
Published: November 2003

Summaryobjective  Oral but not transdermal oestrogen administration reduces IGF‐I, and increases GH binding protein (GHBP) reflecting effects on hepatic endocrine function in postmenopausal women. As progestogens attenuate the effects of oestrogen on circulating lipid levels according to their androgenic properties, we have investigated the impact of progestogen types on the hepatic endocrine effects of oestrogen.design  Four progestogens differing in androgenicity were co‐administered in a monthly cyclical regimen in random order to postmenopausal women receiving either oral (n = 9, premarin 1·25 mg) or transdermal (n = 10, Estraderm 100 µg patches twice weekly). The four progestogens were cyproterone acetate (CA 5 mg, antiandrogenic), dydrogesterone (20 mg, neutral), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA 10 mg, mildly androgenic), norethisterone (2·5 mg, androgenic).patients  Nineteen postmenopausal women (age 57 ± 3 years, mean ± SE) were studied.measurements  The effects of oestrogen alone and the combined effects with each progestogen type on IGF‐I, GHBP, SHBG, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) were investigated.results  Mean IGF‐I fell while GHBP and SHBG levels increased with oral (P < 0·01) but not transdermal oestrogen administration. When the combined effects were examined, progestogens did not affect IGF‐I, GHBP and SHBG during oral oestrogen treatment, while they significantly increased (P < 0·01) mean IGF‐I levels during transdermal therapy. Among the progestogen types, only norethisterone prevented the fall in IGF‐I induced by oral oestrogen. During transdermal therapy, MPA and norethisterone but not CA or dydrogesterone significantly increased (P < 0·005) IGF‐I. The rise in GHBP induced by oral oestrogens tended to be lower during co‐administration of MPA and norethisterone. The increase in SHBG induced by oral oestrogen was attenuated (P < 0·05) by norethisterone which was the only progestogen that lowered SHBG (P < 0·05) during transdermal oestrogen treatment. Mean IGF‐I was higher (P < 0·001), GHBP and SHBG lower during co‐administration of androgenic progestogens (MPA and norethisterone).conclusions  Oestrogen effects on IGF‐I, GHBP and SHBG are dependent on the route of administration with progestogens having variable effects. Among the progestogen types, norethisterone, the most androgenic, had the greatest effect, particularly on IGF‐I. Progestogens modulate the effects of oestrogen on hepatic endocrine function in relation to their intrinsic androgenic properties. The modulatory effects of progestogens on IGF‐I during oestrogen therapy may have long‐term implications for lean body mass.
Characterization of acetylcholinesterases, and their genes, from the hemipteran species Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)
Authors: Javed N. , Viner R. , Williamson M. S. , Field L. M. , Devonshire A. L. , Moores G. D. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGene sequences encoding putative acetylcholinesterases have been reported for four hemipteran insect species. Although acetylcholinesterase insensitivity occurs in insecticide‐resistant populations of each of these species, no mutations were detected in the gene sequences from the resistant insects. This, coupled with a series of experiments using novel reversible inhibitors to compare the biochemical characteristics of acetylcholinesterase from a range of insect species, showed that the cloned cDNA fragments are unlikely to encode the hemipteran synaptic acetylcholinesterases, and there is likely to be a second ace locus.
Endothelium‐dependent Relaxation of Canine Uterine Artery in Response to Acetylcholine: the Possible Involvement of Alternative Pathways
Authors: Pešić S. , Grbović L. , Jovanović A. , Radenković M. , Stojić D. , Cvetković Z. , Ilić I. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryThe effect of acetylcholine on the isolated, pre‐contracted, uterine artery of non‐pregnant dog was investigated. Acetylcholine‐induced concentration‐dependent relaxation of isolated canine uterine artery with endothelium (pEC50 = 6.48 ±0.01, n = 37) and was without effect on arterial segments denuded of endothelium. Indomethacin, 4‐aminopyridine (10−5 m) and pre‐contraction with K+‐rich Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate solution had no effect on acetylcholine‐induced relaxation. NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine (l‐NOARG) (10−5 m) inhibited relaxation evoked by acetylcholine. Indomethacin applied with l‐NOARG led to further inhibition of acetylcholine‐induced relaxation. In the presence of both l‐NOARG and indomethacin, 4‐aminopiridine did not provoke further inhibition of acetylcholine‐induced relaxation of canine uterine artery. It is concluded that the acetylcholine‐induced relaxation of canine uterine artery is probably mediated by endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO). However, if NO‐synthase is inhibited, acetylcholine‐induced vasorelaxation may be, in part, mediated through activation of cyclooxygenase pathway.
Symptom relief in patients with reflux esophagitis: Comparative study of omeprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole
Authors: ADACHI KYOICHI , HASHIMOTO TOMOYUKI , HAMAMOTO NAOHARU , HIRAKAWA KAZUYA , NIIGAKI MASATOSHI , MIYAKE TATSUYA , TANIURA HIROYUKI , ONO MASAHIRO , KAJI TAKEKAZU , SUETSUGU HIROSHI , YAGI JUNKO , KOMAZAWA YOSHINORI , MIHARA TAKAFUMI , KATSUBE TOMOKO , FUJISHIRO HIROFUMI , SHIZUKU TOSHIHIRO , HATTORI SHUZO , YAMAMOTO SHUN , KINOSHITA YOSHIKAZU 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Rabeprazole has a faster onset of antisecretory activity than omeprazole and lansoprazole. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether there is any difference in the speed of symptom relief in patients with reflux esophagitis following the administration of these three proton pump inhibitors (PPI).Methods:  Eighty‐five patients with erosive reflux esophagitis were randomized to receive 8 weeks of 20 mg of omeprazole (n = 30), 30 mg of lansoprazole (n = 25), or 20 mg of rabeprazole (n = 30) once a morning. Daily changes in heartburn and acid reflux symptoms in the first 7 days of administration were assessed using a six‐point scale (0: none, 1: mild, 2: mild–moderate, 3: moderate, 4: moderate–severe, 5: severe).Results:  The mean heartburn score in patients administered rabeprazole decreased more rapidly than those given the other PPI. Complete heartburn remission also occurred more rapidly in patients administered rabeprazole (compared with omeprazole: P = 0.035, compared with lansoprazole: P = 0.038 by log‐rank test). No differences were seen in the rate of endoscopic healing of reflux esophagitis at 8 weeks between the three treatment regimens.Conclusion:  Rabeprazole may be more effective than omeprazole and lansoprazole for the rapid relief of heartburn symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis.
Stomach myoelectrical response of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease receiving omeprazole treatment
Authors: CHANG FULL‐YOUNG , LU CHING‐LIANG , CHEN CHIH‐YEN , LUO JIING‐CHYUAN , JIUN KANG LIH , LEE SHOU‐DONG , WU HAN CHANG 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Proton pump inhibitor treatment is effective for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is unknown whether these agents effect any change in the stomach myoelectricity of GERD patients. Electrogastrographic (EGG) recording was used to study the probable effect of omeprazole on GERD patients.Methods:  Nineteen endoscopically confirmed GERD patients and 38 dyspepsia‐free controls were invited to receive EGG recording. After daily omeprazole treatment for 4 weeks, the symptomatic response of GERD patients was scaled, healing of erosive esophagitis was endoscopically assessed, and EGG recording was repeated for comparison.Results:  Before treatment, GERD patients and controls displayed similar dominant frequency, whereas the former had higher dominant power compared with controls, either in fasting (29.2 ± 6.0 dB compared with 25.3 ± 3.8 dB, P < 0.01) or postprandial (31.9 ± 5.6 dB compared with 27.7 ± 3.8 dB, P < 0.001) recording. They also had diminished percentile normal rhythm (2–4 c.p.m.), irrespective of fasting (40.2 ± 14.5% compared with 65.8% ± 23.5%, P < 0.001) or postprandial (47.5 ± 23.3% compared with 77.9 ± 16.8%, P < 0.001) recording. After omeprazole treatment, healing was achieved in 12 patients (63.2%). Among the abnormal EGG parameters, only the postprandial percentile normal rhythm was restored (47.5 ± 23.3% compared with 65.2 ± 20.8%, P < 0.01).Conclusions:  Gastroesophageal reflux disease patients may have obvious dysrhythmia and higher myoelectrical power. Effective omeprazole treatment only improves the postprandial myoelectrical regularity, whereas abnormal EGG parameters remain impaired.
Numerical modelling of micro‐pitting of gear teeth flanks
Authors: FAJDIGA G. , FLAŠKER J. , GLODEŽ S. , HELLEN T. K. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTA two‐dimensional computational model for simulation of contact fatigue of gear teeth flanks is presented. In the model, it is assumed that the initial crack of length 0.015 mm is initiated at the surface due to previous mechanical or heat treatment of the material as well as a consequence of the running in process. The discretized model with the initial crack is then subjected to normal contact pressure, which takes into account the elasto‐hydro‐dynamic (EHD) lubrication conditions, and tangential loading due to friction between contacting surfaces. The model also considers the moving contact of gear flanks, fluid trapped in the crack and residual stresses due to heat treatment of the material on crack propagation. The virtual crack extension (VCE) method, implemented in the finite element method, is then used for simulating the fatigue crack growth from the initial crack up to the formation of the surface pit. The computational results show that the initial surface crack of length 15 μm and the considered boundary conditions lead to the appearance of very small surface pits, which can be termed as micro‐pitting on gear teeth flanks. The numerical results correspond well with available experimental data.
Parental Involvement in the Residential Care of Persons with Intellectual Disability: The Impact of Parents' and Residents' Characteristics and the Process of Relocation
Authors: Schwartz Chaya , Tsumi Ayelet 
Published: November 2003

Background  This study addresses three goals: (i) to describe the extent of parental involvement in residential care (post‐placement); (ii) to describe the extent of parental involvement in the relocation process (pre‐placement); and (iii) to examine the impact of residents' characteristics, parents' characteristics and pre‐placement parental involvement on post‐placement parental involvement.Methods  Ninety‐seven parents of residents living in residential care facilities for people with intellectual disability completed the Parental Involvement in Residential Care Questionnaire that was constructed for this study.Results  Post‐placement involvement was expressed by parents' high level of visiting to the residence, close direct contact with the resident and the staff, and low level of participation in decision making concerning their son/daughter and the operation of the residence. Most parents were not actively involved in the relocation process, did not participate in selecting the current residence and did not visit the residence prior to the move. However, the majority participated in a preparation program for parents whose son/daughter were candidates for out‐of‐home placement. Participants whose sons/daughters lived in the residence for fewer years or whose son's/daughter's level of intellectual disability was less severe reported a higher level of post‐placement involvement. These parents had fewer children at home and had participated in a longer preparation pre‐relocation program.
Investigating Organizational Culture: A Comparison of a ‘High’‐ and a ‘Low’‐Performing Residential Unit for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Gillett Elizabeth , Stenfert‐Kroese Biza 
Published: November 2003

Background  This pilot study investigates organizational culture in small community‐based residential services for people with intellectual disabilities, one of the under‐researched determinants of staff behaviour and performance. Staff performance is of primary importance in the provision of quality services.Materials and methods  Two matched residential units were assessed using COMPASS: A Multi‐Perspective Evaluation of Quality in Home Life, and identified as ‘high’ and ‘low’ performing. The organizational culture of the units was assessed using the Organizational Culture Inventory in order to investigate any associations.Results  The unit with better quality outcomes demonstrated a more positive organizational culture overall, with statistically significant lower scores on three negatively influential cultural styles, namely, oppositional, competitive and perfectionistic.Conclusions  There may well be a meaningful relationship between organizational culture and quality outcomes, although the nature of this relationship is far from clear. The continuation of investigations into organizational culture is encouraged.
Restructuring Primary Care Practices to Manage Geriatric Syndromes: The ACOVE‐2 Intervention
Authors: Reuben David B. , Roth Carol , Kamberg Caren , Wenger Neil S. 
Published: November 2003

Despite evidence suggesting that primary care physicians do not address geriatric conditions adequately in practice, most efforts to change physicians' practice behaviors have been ineffective or too expensive to implement and sustain.In its second phase, the Assessing Care of the Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE‐2) project has developed an intervention aimed at improving the care that primary care physicians provide for three geriatric conditions—falls, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment/dementia. The intervention addresses specific processes of care identified in the first phase of the ACOVE project (ACOVE‐1) as important to the care of community‐dwelling older persons. Beginning with case finding, the intervention uses a standardized multicomponent practice‐change effort. The condition‐specific intervention employs four methods of changing medical practice: efficient collection of condition‐specific clinical data, medical record prompts to encourage performance of essential care processes, patient education materials and activation of the patient's role in follow‐up, and physician decision support and physician education. Moreover, the costs of the intervention are low. The effectiveness of the intervention in improving the processes of care for these conditions and clinical outcomes will need to be evaluated in controlled trials.
How Well Does The Parkland Formula Estimate Actual Fluid Resuscitation Volumes?
Authors: Cartotto Robert C. , Innes Marilyn , Musgrave Melinda A. , Gomez Manuel , Cooper Andrew B. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
We had anecdotally observed that fluid resuscitation volumes often exceed those estimated by the Parkland Formula in adults with isolated cutaneous burns. The purpose of this study was to compare estimated and actual fluid resuscitation volumes using the Parkland Formula. We performed a retrospective study of fluid resuscitation in patients with burns ≥ 15% TBSA. Patients with inhalation injury, high voltage electrical injury, delayed resuscitation, or associated trauma were excluded. We studied 31 patients (mean age 51 ± 20 years, mean TBSA burn 27 ± 10%). The 24 hour resuscitation volume of 13 354 ± 7386 ml (6.7 ± 2.8 ml/kg/%TBSA) was significantly greater than predicted (P = 0.001) and exceeded estimated volume in 84% of the patients. The mean urine output in the first 24 hrs was 1.2 ± 0.6 ml/kg/hr. After the first 8 hours of resuscitation, the infusion rate decreased by 34% in 16 patients (DCR group), while in 15 patients the rate increased by 47% (INCR group). Both the DCR and INCR groups received significantly more fluid than predicted, (5.6 ± 2.1 ml/kg/%TBSA and 7.7 ± 3.1 ml/kg/%TBSA respectively). The INCR patients had significantly larger full thickness burns (14 ± 11% vs 3 ± 6%, P &lt; 0.001). Our findings reveal that despite its effectiveness, the Parkland Formula underestimated the volume requirements in most adults with isolated cutaneous burns, and especially in those with large full thickness burns.
Thermal Burn Fatalities in the Workplace, United States, 1992 to 1999
Authors: Quinney Brent , McGwin Gerald , Cross James M. , Valent Francesca , Taylor Allison J. , Rue Loring W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to present the epidemiology of thermal burn fatalities in the workplace in the United States between 1992 and 1999. Data on fatal thermal burn injuries in the United States between 1992 through 1999 were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Between 1992 and 1999, 1,189 fatal thermal burns occurred in the workplace (0.11 deaths/100,000 workers per year). Mortality increased with age, with those over 65 years of age having the greatest rate of death (0.20/100,000). Workers in the mining industry and transportation and public utilities had the highest rates of fatal thermal burns. Occupational categories with the highest rates included “extractive occupations” (eg, miners, explosives workers) and “transportation and material movers” (eg, truck drivers). The specific occupations with the highest rates were airplane pilots and navigators, furnace, kiln, and oven operators, and firefighters. Most decedents were operating vehicles or involved in “other transportation operations” at the time of the incident. The majority of injurious incidents occurred on “industrial premises” or the “street and highway.” Efforts to prevent fatal occupational thermal burn injuries should focus on older workers and those in occupations with frequent exposure to potential sources of thermal injury. Further study of nonfatal thermal burns in the workplace is needed because patterns of fatal burn injury may not reflect patterns of occupational burn injury overall.
Thermoregulation in Burn Patients During Exercise
Authors: Austin K. G. , Hansbrough J. F. , Dore C. , Noordenbos J. , Buono M. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of patients with burns on 30 to 40% and 60% or greater of their BSA to thermoregulate their core temperature during exercise in the heat. Two groups (n = 3 in each) of subjects with healed third-degree burns (34.0 ± 1.4% and 77.7 ± 12.4%, respectively) and a group of unburned subjects (n = 2) exercised for 1 hour on a cycle ergometer at 75 Watts in an environmental chamber set at 35°C and 60% relative humidity. Subjects were monitored for rectal and skin temperatures, heart rate, whole body sweat rate, skin blood flow, and active sweat gland density (number per cm2) in unburned, burned, and harvested skin. The results demonstrated that patients with burns on 60% or greater BSA did not show an intolerance to moderate exercise in the heat, as evidenced by only a moderate rise in rectal temperature and heart rate. Furthermore, the responses were similar to those of the unburned subjects.
Outcomes Related to Burn-Related Child Abuse: A Case Series
Authors: Ruth G. D. , Smith S. , Bronson M. , Davis A. T. , Wilcox R. M. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Nationally, approximately 10% of child abuse cases involve burning, and up to 20% of pediatric burn admissions involve abuse or neglect. Historically, these cases have been more difficult to prosecute than nonburn cases for multiple reasons. Between 1995 and 1999, there were 285 pediatric (under 18) patients admitted to the Spectrum Health Regional Burn Center. Of these cases, 18 of the alleged perpetrators were legally investigated for suspicion of child abuse, and 7 received punitive sentences. We found that men tended to be prosecuted and convicted more often than women and that cases involving multiple instances of injury tended to be prosecuted more frequently. Similarly, we found that cases involving more severe injuries tended to be prosecuted more successfully. There are many psychological and social factors involved in handling burn abuse cases. However, by successful prosecution of these crimes, victims tend to fare better both socially and psychologically.
Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns in Human Postburn Hypertrophic Scars
Authors: Paddock Heather N. , Schultz Gregory S. , Baker Henry V. , Varela Juan Carlos , Beierle Elizabeth A. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Mozingo David W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHypertrophic scars cause cosmetic disfigurement and limited mobility in burn patients. To better understand the molecular pathophysiology of hypertrophic scar formation, microarray analyses were performed on normal skin and hypertrophic scars from four burn patients. Microarray analyses were determined in an effort to identify genes whose expression discriminated between normal skin and mature, hypertrophic scars. Surgical biopsies were obtained from two pediatric and two adult patients 6 to 15 months after burn injury. Total RNA was isolated from the samples and subjected to microarray analysis using the Affymetrix U95Av2 GeneChip®. Results from this analysis revealed 31 probe sets representing genes that were consistently up-regulated at least two-fold in hypertrophic scar specimens from all four patients and four probe sets that were down-regulated. The significance analysis of microarrays algorithm also identified 35 probe sets whose increased expression resulted in the hierarchal clustering of the hypertrophic scar and normal tissue, seven of which were identical to the six genes identified by paired analyses. These six genes all displayed elevated levels of expression in the scar tissue. Proteins encoded by the genes identified included germline oligometric matrix protein, matrix metalloproteinase-16, collagen type 1α, pleiotrophin, and thrombospondin-4. Although the results presented here suggest that there may be unique patterns of gene expression in hypertrophic scars that may be important in the evaluation and treatment of hypertrophic scarring, the results must be confirmed with larger datasets.
The amount of sleep obtained by locomotive engineers: effects of break duration and time of break onset
Authors: Roach G D , Reid K J , Dawson D 
Published: November 2003

Aims:To determine the effects of break duration and time of break onset on the amount of sleep that locomotive engineers obtain between consecutive work periods.Methods:A total of 253 locomotive engineers (249 male, 4 female, mean age 39.7 years) participated. Data were collected at 14 rail depots, where participants drove electric or diesel locomotives; worked with another engineer or drove alone; carried passengers, freight, or coal; and operated in rural or urban areas. Participants completed sleep diaries and work diaries for a two week period while working their normal roster patterns.Results:For breaks that began at similar times of day, total sleep time (TST) increased with break duration. For breaks of similar duration, TST was greater for those that occurred during the night-time than for those that occurred during the daytime. An average of 3.1–7.9 hours sleep was obtained in 12 hour breaks (minimum break requirement in the Australian rail industry), depending on when the break began.Conclusions:The duration and timing of breaks are both important factors in determining the amount of sleep that locomotive engineers obtain between consecutive work periods. Consequently, minimum length break requirements that do not include a time of day component may not provide locomotive engineers with the opportunity to obtain a sufficient amount of sleep prior to resuming work.