bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-reionization H i 21-cm signal: a probe of negative cosmological constant
Authors: Dash Chandrachud B V , Guha Sarkar Tapomoy , Sen Anjan A 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigate a cosmological model involving a negative cosmological constant (AdS vacua in the dark energy sector). We consider a quintessence field on top of a negative cosmological constant and study its impact on cosmological evolution and structure formation. We use the power spectrum of the redshifted H i 21-cm brightness temperature maps from the post-reionization epoch as a cosmological probe. The signature of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) on the multipoles of the power spectrum is used to extract measurements of the angular diameter distance DA(z) and the Hubble parameter H(z). The projected errors on these are then subsequently employed to forecast the constraints on the model parameters ($H_0, \Omega _{m}, \Omega _\Lambda , w_0, w_a$) using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We find that a negative cosmological constant with a phantom dark energy equation of state (EoS) and a higher value of H0 is viable from BAO distance measurements data derived from galaxy samples. We also find that BAO imprints on the 21-cm power spectrum obtained from a futuristic SKA-mid like experiment yield a 1σ error on a negative cosmological constant and the quintessence dark energy EoS parameters to be $\Omega _\Lambda =-1.030^{0.589}_{-1.712}$ and $w_0=-1.023^{0.043}_{-0.060}$, $w_a=-0.141^{0.478}_{-0.409}$ respectively.
Discovery of a circularly symmetric extended diffuse radio emission around an elliptical galaxy with the VLA FIRST survey
Authors: Kumari Shobha , Pal Sabyasachi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We identify a source (J1507+3013) with an extended diffuse radio emission around an elliptical galaxy from the Very Large Array (VLA) Faint Images of Radio Sky at Twenty-cm (FIRST) survey. J1507+3013 possesses a morphology similar to the recently identified circular, low-surface-brightness, edge-brightened radio sources commonly known as odd radio circles (ORCs). Such diffuse emissions, as reported in this paper, are also found in mini-haloes and fossil radio galaxies, but the results presented here do not match the properties of mini-haloes or of fossil radio galaxies. The extended emission observed in J1507+3013 around an elliptical galaxy is a very rare class of diffuse emission that is unlike any previously known class of diffuse emission. The extended diffuse emission of J1507+3013 is also detected in the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) at 144 MHz. J1507+3013 is hosted by an optical galaxy near the geometrical centre of the structure with a photometric redshift of z = 0.079. The physical extent of J1507+3013 is approximately 68 kpc, with a peak-to-peak angular size of 44 arcsec. It shows significantly higher flux densities compared with previously discovered ORCs. The spectral index of J1507+3013 varies between −0.90 and −1.4 in different regions of the diffuse structure, which is comparable to the case for previously discovered ORCs but less steep than for mini-haloes and fossil radio galaxies. If we consider J1507+3013 as a candidate ORC, then this would be the closest and most luminous ORC discovered so far. This paper describes the radio, spectral, and optical/IR properties of J1507+3013 in order to study the nature of this source.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Uncovering Resolved Planetary Nebula Candidates from Wide-field VPHAS+ Survey Data
Authors: Sun Ruiqi , Li Yushan , Parker Quentin , Li Jiaxin , Li Xu , Cao Liang , Jia Peng 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning techniques are playing an increasing role in astronomy to deal with the data avalanche. Here we describe an application for finding resolved planetary nebulae (PNe) in crowded, wide-field, narrow-band Hα survey imagery in the Galactic plane, to test and facilitate more objective, reproducible, efficient and reliable trawls for them. PNe are important for studying the late-stage stellar evolution of low-mass to intermediate-mass stars. However, the confirmed ∼3800 Galactic PNe fall far short of the numbers expected. Traditional visual searching for resolved PNe is time-consuming because of the large data size and areal coverage of modern astronomical surveys. The training and validation data set of our algorithm was built with the INT Photometric Hα Survey (IPHAS) and true PNe from the Hong Kong/AAO/Strasbourg Hα (HASH) data base. Our algorithm correctly identified 444 PNe in the validation set of 454 PNe, with only 16 explicable ‘false’ positives, achieving a precision rate of 96.5 per cent and a recall rate of 97.8 per cent. After transfer learning, it was then applied to the VST Photometric Hα Survey of the Southern Galactic plane and bulge (VPHAS+), examining 979 out of 2284 survey fields, each covering 1° × 1°. It returned ∼20 000 detections, including 2637 known PNe and other kinds of catalogued non-PNe. A total of 815 new high-quality PNe candidates were found, 31 of which were selected as top-quality targets for optical spectroscopic follow-up. We found that 74 per cent of them are true, likely, and possible PNe. Representative preliminary confirmatory spectroscopy results are presented here to demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques, with full details to be given in our forthcoming paper.
An extended catalogue of galaxy morphology using deep learning in southern photometric local universe survey data release 3
Authors: Bom C R , Cortesi A , Ribeiro U , Dias L O , Kelkar K , Smith Castelli A V , Santana-Silva L , Lopes-Silva V , Gonçalves T S , Abramo L R , Lima E V R , Almeida-Fernandes F , Espinosa L , Li L , Buzzo M L , Mendes de Oliveira C , Sodré L , Ferrari F , Alvarez-Candal A , Grossi M , Telles E , Torres-Flores S , Werner S V , Kanaan A , Ribeiro T , Schoenell W 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The morphological diversity of galaxies is a relevant probe of galaxy evolution and cosmological structure formation. However, in large sky surveys, even the morphological classification of galaxies into two classes, like late-type (LT) and early-type (ET), still represents a significant challenge. In this work, we present a Deep Learning (DL) based morphological catalogue built from images obtained by the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) Data Release 3 (DR3). Our DL method achieves a purity rate of 98.5 per cent in accurately distinguishing between spiral, as part of the larger category of LT galaxies, and elliptical, belonging to ET galaxies. Additionally, we have implemented a secondary classifier that evaluates the quality of each galaxy stamp, which allows to select only high-quality images when studying properties of galaxies on the basis of their DL morphology. From our LT/ET catalogue of galaxies, we recover the expected colour–magnitude diagram in which LT galaxies display bluer colours than ET ones. Furthermore, we also investigate the clustering of galaxies based on their morphology, along with their relationship to the surrounding environment. As a result, we deliver a full morphological catalogue with 164 314 objects complete up to rpetro &lt; 18, covering ∼1800 deg2, from which ∼55 000 are classified as high reliability, including a significant area of the Southern hemisphere that was not covered by previous morphology catalogues.
Probing supermassive black hole growth and its dependence on stellar mass and star formation rate in low-redshift galaxies
Authors: Torbaniuk O , Paolillo M , D’Abrusco R , Vignali C , Georgakakis A , Carrera F J , Civano F 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an improved study of the relation between supermassive black hole growth and their host galaxy properties in the local Universe (z &lt; 0.33). To this end, we build an extensive sample combining spectroscopic measurements of star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, with specific Black Hole accretion rate (sBHAR, $\lambda _{\mathrm{sBHAR}} \propto L_{\rm X}/\mathcal {M}_{\ast }$) derived from the XMM–Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue (3XMM–DR8) and the Chandra Source Catalogue (CSC2.0). We find that the sBHAR probability distribution for both star-forming and quiescent galaxies has a power-law shape peaking at log λsBHAR ∼ −3.5 and declining towards lower sBHAR in all stellar mass ranges. This finding confirms the decrease of active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in the local Universe compared to higher redshifts. We observe a significant correlation between $\log \, \lambda _{\rm sBHAR}$ and $\log \, {\rm SFR}$ in almost all stellar mass ranges, but the relation is shallower compared to higher redshifts, indicating a reduced availability of accreting material in the local Universe. At the same time, the BHAR-to-SFR ratio for star-forming galaxies strongly correlates with stellar mass, supporting the scenario where both AGN activity and stellar formation primarily depend on the stellar mass via fuelling by a common gas reservoir. Conversely, this ratio remains constant for quiescent galaxies, possibly indicating the existence of the different physical mechanisms responsible for AGN fuelling or different accretion mode in quiescent galaxies.
On the identification of the first two young asteroid families in g-type non-linear secular resonances
Authors: Carruba V , Aljbaae S , Knežević Z , Mahlke M , Masiero J R , Roig F , Domingos R C , Huaman M , Alves A , Martins B S , Caritá G , Lourenço M , Destouni S C 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Linear secular resonances happen when there is a commensurability between the precession frequency of the pericenter, g, or longitude of the node, s, of an asteroid and a planet. Non-linear resonances are higher order combinations of these frequencies. Here, we studied the three most diffusive g-type non-linear secular resonances using Artificial Neural Networks. We identified a population of more than 2100 resonant objects in the g − 2g6 + g5 and g − 3g6 + 2g5 resonances. This allows the creation of a Convolutional Neural Network model for the g − 2g6 + g5 resonance, able to predict the status of several thousands of asteroids in seconds. We identified 12 new possible dynamical groups among the resonant population, including the 5507 and 170776 families, which have both estimated ages of less than 7 Myr. These are the two first-ever identified young families in resonant configurations of the investigated resonances, which allows for setting limits on their original ejection velocity field.
Viscous overstability in dense planetary rings – effect of vertical motions and dense packing
Authors: Lehmann Marius , Salo Heikki 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the linear axisymmetric viscous overstability in dense planetary rings with typical values of the dynamical optical depth τ ≳ 0.5. We develop a granular flow model which accounts for the particulate nature of a planetary ring subjected to dissipative particle collisions. The model captures the dynamical evolution of the disc’s vertical thickness, temperature, and effects related to a finite volume filling factor of the ring fluid. We compute equilibrium states of self-gravitating and non-self-gravitating rings, which compare well with existing results from kinetic models and N-body simulations. Subsequently, we conduct a linear stability analysis of our model. We briefly discuss the different linear eigenmodes of the system and compare with existing literature by applying corresponding limiting approximations. We then focus on the viscous overstability, analysing the effect of temperature variations, radial and vertical self-gravity, and for the first time the effects of vertical motions on the instability. In addition, we perform local N-body simulations incorporating radial and vertical self-gravity. Critical values for the optical depth and the filling factor for the onset of instability resulting from our N-body simulations compare well with our model predictions under the neglect of radial self-gravity. When radial self-gravity is included, agreement with N-body simulations can be achieved by adopting enhanced values of the bulk viscous stress.
Restrander: rapid orientation and artefact removal for long-read cDNA data
Authors: Schuster Jakob , Ritchie Matthew E , Gouil Quentin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In transcriptomic analyses, it is helpful to keep track of the strand of the RNA molecules. However, the Oxford Nanopore long-read cDNA sequencing protocols generate reads that correspond to either the first or second-strand cDNA, therefore the strandedness of the initial transcript has to be inferred bioinformatically. Reverse transcription and PCR can also introduce artefacts which should be flagged in data pre-processing. Here we introduce Restrander, a lightning-fast and highly accurate tool for restranding and removing artefacts in long-read cDNA sequencing data. Thanks to its C++ implementation, Restrander was faster than Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ existing tool Pychopper, and correctly restranded more reads due to its strategy of searching for polyA/T tails in addition to primer sequences from the reverse transcription and template-switch steps. We found that restranding improved the process of visualising and exploring data, and increased the number of novel isoforms discovered by bambu, particularly in regions where sense and anti-sense transcripts co-occur. The artefact detection implemented in Restrander quantifies reads lacking the correct 5′ and 3′ ends, a useful feature in quality control for library preparation. Restrander is pre-configured for all major cDNA protocols, and can be customised with user-defined primers. Restrander is available at https://github.com/mritchielab/restrander.
The ERK inhibitor LY3214996 augments anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical mouse models of BRAFV600E melanoma brain metastasis
Authors: de Sauvage Magali A , Torrini Consuelo , Nieblas-Bedolla Edwin , Summers Elizabeth J , Sullivan Emily , Zhang Britney S , Batchelor Emily , Marion Braxton , Yamazawa Erika , Markson Samuel C , Wakimoto Hiroaki , Nayyar Naema , Brastianos Priscilla K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, only a subset of patients with brain metastasis (BM) respond to ICI. Activating mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway are frequent in BM. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether therapeutic inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) can improve the efficacy of ICI for BM.

Methods
We used immunotypical mouse models of BM bearing dual extracranial/intracranial tumors to evaluate the efficacy of single-agent and dual-agent treatment with selective ERK inhibitor LY3214996 (LY321) and anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody. We verified target inhibition and drug delivery, then investigated treatment effects on T-cell response and tumor-immune microenvironment using high-parameter flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and T-cell receptor profiling.

Results
We found that dual treatment with LY321 and anti-PD-1 significantly improved overall survival in 2 BRAFV600E-mutant murine melanoma models but not in KRAS-mutant murine lung adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate that although LY321 has limited blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, combined LY321 and anti-PD-1 therapy increases tumor-infiltrating CD8+ effector T cells, broadens the T-cell receptor repertoire in the extracranial tumor, enriches T-cell clones shared by the periphery and brain, and reduces immunosuppressive cytokines and cell populations in tumors.

Conclusions
Despite the limited BBB permeability of LY321, combined LY321 and anti-PD-1 treatment can improve intracranial disease control by amplifying extracranial immune responses, highlighting the role of extracranial tumors in driving intracranial response to treatment. Combined ERK and PD-1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach, worthy of further investigation for patients with melanoma BM.
Management of sporadic intracanalicular vestibular schwannomas: A critical review and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS) practice guidelines
Authors: Balossier Anne , Sahgal Arjun , Kotecha Rupesh , Fariselli Laura , Gorgulho Alessandra , Levivier Marc , Ma Lijun , Paddick Ian , Pollock Bruce E , Sheehan Jason P , Suh John H , Yomo Shoji , Zhang Zhenwei , Regis Jean 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The choice of an appropriate strategy for intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma (ICVS) is still debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim to compare treatment outcomes amongst management strategies (conservative surveillance (CS), microsurgical resection (MR), or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)) aiming to inform guideline recommendations on behalf of the International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society (ISRS).

Methods
Using PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed manuscripts published between January 1990 and October 2021 referenced in PubMed or Embase. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed clinical studies or case series reporting a cohort of ICVS managed with CS, MR, or SRS. Primary outcome measures included tumor control, the need for additional treatment, hearing outcomes, and posttreatment neurological deficits. These were pooled using meta-analytical techniques and compared using meta-regression with random effect.

Results
Forty studies were included (2371 patients). The weighted pooled estimates for tumor control were 96% and 65% in SRS and CS series, respectively (P &lt; .001). Need for further treatment was reported in 1%, 2%, and 25% for SRS, MR, and CS, respectively (P = .001). Hearing preservation was reported in 67%, 68%, and 55% for SRS, MR, and CS, respectively (P = .21). Persistent facial nerve deficit was reported in 0.1% and 10% for SRS and MR series, respectively (P = .01).

Conclusions
SRS is a noninvasive treatment with at least equivalent rates of tumor control and hearing preservation as compared to MR, with the caveat of better facial nerve preservation. As compared to CS, upfront SRS is an effective treatment in achieving tumor control with similar rates of hearing preservation.
Synthesis and characterization of iron clusters with an icosahedral [Fe@Fe12]16+ Core
Authors: Xu Gan , Cui Yun-Shu , Jiang Xue-Lian , Xu Cong-Qiao , Li Jun , Chen Xu-Dong 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Iron-metal clusters are crucial in a variety of critical biological and material systems, including metalloenzymes, catalysts, and magnetic storage devices. However, a synthetic high-nuclear iron cluster has been absent due to the extreme difficulty in stabilizing species with direct iron−iron bonding. In this work, we have synthesized, crystallized, and characterized a (Tp*)4W4S12(Fe@Fe12) cluster (Tp* = tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate(1−)), which features a rare trideca-nuclear, icosahedral [Fe@Fe12] cluster core with direct multicenter iron−iron bonding between the interstitial iron (Fei) and peripheral irons (Fep), as well as Fep···Fep ferromagnetic coupling. Quantum chemistry studies reveal that the stability of the cluster arises from the 18-electron shell-closing of the [Fe@Fe12]16+ core, assisted by its bonding interactions with the peripheral tridentate [(Tp*)WS3]4− ligands which possess both S→Fe donation and spin-polarized Fe−W σ bonds. The ground-state electron spin is theoretically predicted to be S = 32/2 for the cluster. The existence of low oxidation-state (OS ∼ +1.23) iron in this compound may find interesting applications in magnetic storage, spintronics, redox chemistry, and cluster catalysis.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Flavored Cigar Use and Cigar Smoking Cessation Among US Adults
Authors: Buszkiewicz James H , Cook Steven , Oh Hayoung , Mukerjee Richa , Hirschtick Jana L , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Flavorings in cigars increase their appeal, mask the harsh taste of tobacco, and may hinder successful cigar smoking cessation; however, limited evidence has examined whether flavors are associated with short- or long-term cigar smoking cessation.

Aims and Methods
Using restricted data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 1–5, we examined whether flavored cigar use was associated with 30-day-plus and 1-year-plus cigar smoking cessation among US adults. Multivariable discrete-time survival models were fit to a nationally representative sample of US adult (18+) respondents who had a current, established cigar use, smoked five or more days in the past 30 days, and did not exclusively smoke traditional premium cigars at baseline. Models adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, income, cigar and cigarette smoking intensity, and blunt use.

Results
At baseline, 44.6% of respondents (n = 674) were 18–34 years old, 75.0% were male, 56.7% were non-Hispanic White, 78.9% had household incomes of &lt;$50,000, and 56.2% smoked flavored cigars. In fully adjusted models, flavored cigar use was associated with a lower risk of 30-day-plus (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.97) but not 1-year-plus cigar smoking cessation (HR = 0.81, 95% = 0.62, 1.05).

Conclusions
We found that flavored cigar use was associated with a lower risk of short-term but not long-term cigar smoking cessation. More work is needed to understand the dynamics of cigar smoking transitions, including initiation, cessation, and relapse, particularly in larger cohorts and among those who exclusively use cigars or dual-use cigars and cigarettes.

Implications
As local and some state jurisdictions continue to adopt partial or complete bans of flavored cigar products and the United States Food and Drug Administration considers a national ban of all characterizing flavors in cigars, there is a need for more longitudinal work examining the associations between flavorings in cigars and short and long-term cigar-smoking behaviors, including but not limited to initiation, cessation, intensity of use, and relapse, particularly in diverse cohorts.