bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of barriers to providing good cat care in Malaysian clinical practices
Authors: Zaini Syamira Syazuana , Phillips Claire , MacKay Jill R D , Langford Fritha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many veterinary practices around the world do not meet basic post-operative cat care, thereby compromising cat welfare. Understanding why the appropriate care is not always given is important. The current study used a mixed methods approach of two phases, to investigate the barriers Malaysian veterinarians face in seeking to provide good cat care in practice. Phase 1 involved a survey consisting of 14 questions which were divided into three sections (demographic details, basic management and barriers experienced by practices) and emailed to 143 Malaysian veterinarians. While for phase 2, 20 interviews were undertaken (recruited from the survey sample) to further elaborate on the results. A Thematic Analysis was conducted to extract the main barriers experienced by participants. A total of 49 veterinarians completed the survey. Over half of the respondents were senior veterinarians (i.e. those with two or more years in practice) (53.1%; n = 26) who were aware of the basic environmental provisions that cats need post-surgery such as bedding and toileting facilities (57.1%; n = 28). Cost (47%; n = 23) was the biggest restriction to good care provision. Interview findings showed that participants were aware of comfortable post-surgery environments helping recovery, but barriers were highlighted: workload factors and a lack of understanding of cat pain behaviours and associated stress. This suggested that participants had the knowledge required to provide good cat care but experienced difficulties putting this into practice. Therefore, to improve cat welfare in veterinary practice, instead of focusing purely on education, interventions to increase good cat care could include targeted elements that support behaviour change to overcome the barriers.
NEW INSIGHTS INTO LATE PLEISTOCENE CAVE HYENA CHRONOLOGY AND POPULATION HISTORY—THE CASE OF PERSPEKTYWICZNA CAVE, POLAND
Authors: Krajcarz Maciej T , Baca Mateusz , Baumann Chris , Bocherens Hervé , Goslar Tomasz , Popović Danijela , Sudoł-Procyk Magdalena , Krajcarz Magdalena 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe paper focuses on the Pleistocene deposits in Perspektywiczna Cave, southern Poland, related to cave hyena (Crocuta crocuta). We used direct radiocarbon dating of hyena fossils supported by genetic and stable isotope analyses to infer the paleobiology of this population. Radiocarbon dating of 19 hyena remains suggests long inhabitation of the region during early MIS 3, around 50–34 ky cal BP. The youngest among our dates, 34,355–33,725 cal BP (1σ, combined of two dates for the same specimen) points out the latest appearance of a cave hyena north to Carpathians. Beside this long period of occupation, the Perspektywiczna Cave hyenas stayed ecologically stable, but their genetic structure changed. Two mtDNA haplogroups were present, one typical for other Late Pleistocene European populations and the other one known so far only from recent African populations.
Less Human Than Human: Threat, Language, and Relative Dehumanization
Authors: Singh Shane P. , Tir Jaroslav 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA government's decision to communicate in a native tongue rather than a commonly used and understood but non-native language can prompt perception through an ethnically-tinted lens. While native-language communication is commonplace and typically benign, we argue that conveying a threat posed by an outgroup in a native tongue can trigger dehumanizing attitudes. We conducted a pre-registered survey experiment focusing on attitudes toward Muslim and Chinese people in India to test our expectations. In our two-stage design, we randomly assigned respondents to a survey language (Hindi or English) and, after that, to threat-provoking or control conditions. While Muslims and China are associated with recent violence against India, the government has routinely portrayed only the former as threatening. Likely due to this divergence, Hindi language assignment alone triggers Muslim dehumanization. Indians' more innocuous views of Chinese are responsive to exogenously-induced threat, particularly when conveyed in Hindi.
Credit Provision and Stock Trading: Evidence from the South Sea Bubble
Authors: Braggion Fabio , Frehen Rik , Jerphanion Emiel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article studies the relationship between credit provision and stock trading behavior. We collect every stock transaction of the three major British companies during the 1720 South Sea Bubble and link stock trading to margin loan positions with the Bank of England. We give insights in the selection of traders into the loan facility by comparing the trading behavior and realized returns of borrowers to other traders. We find that loan holders are more likely to buy following high returns and document strong underperformance of borrowers.
Ethical and legal considerations in social media research for health technology assessment: conclusions from a scoping review
Authors: Holtorf Anke-Peggy , Danyliv Andriy , Krause Annekatrin , Hanna Alissa , Venable Yvette , Mattingly T. Joseph , Huang Li-Ying , Pierre Miranda , Silveira Silva Aline , Walsh Donna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The objective was to identify and describe the published guidance and current academic discourse of ethical issues and standards related to the use of Social Media Research for generating patient insights for the use by health technology assessment (HTA) or health policy decisions.

Methods
A scoping review of the literature was conducted in PubMed and Embase and identified 935 potential references published between January 2017 and June 2021. After title and abstract screening by three reviewers, 40 publications were included, the relevant information was extracted and data were collected in a mind map, which was then used to structure the output of the review.

Results
Social Media Research may reveal new insights of relevance to HTA or health policies into patient needs, patient experiences, or patient behaviors. However, the research approaches, methods, data use, interpretation, and communication may expose those who post the data in social media channels to risks and potential harms relating to privacy, anonymity/confidentiality, authenticity, context, and rapidly changing technologies.

Conclusions
An actively engaged approach to ensuring ethical innocuousness is recommended that carefully follows best practices throughout planning, conduct, and communication of the research. Throughout the process and as a follow-up, there should be a discourse with the ethical experts to maximally protect the current and future users of social media, to support their trust in the research, and to advance the knowledge in parallel to the advancement of the media themselves, the technologies, and the research tools.
Therapist guided, parent-led cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for pre-adolescent children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a non-concurrent multiple baseline case series
Authors: Chessell Chloe , Halldorsson Brynjar , Walters Sasha , Farrington Alice , Harvey Kate , Creswell Cathy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) including exposure and response prevention (ERP) is an effective treatment for preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); however, there is a need to increase access to this treatment for affected children.Aims:This study is a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and acceptability of a brief therapist-guided, parent-led CBT intervention for pre-adolescent children (5–12 years old) with OCD using a non-concurrent multiple baseline approach.Method:Parents of 10 children with OCD were randomly allocated to no-treatment baselines of 3, 4 or 5 weeks before receiving six to eight individual treatment sessions with a Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner. Diagnostic measures were completed prior to the baseline, 1-week post-treatment, and at a 1-month follow-up, and parents completed weekly measures of children’s OCD symptoms/impairment.Results:Seventy percent of children were ‘responders’ and/or ‘remitters’ on diagnostic measures at post-treatment, and 60% at the 1-month follow-up. At least 50% of children showed reliable improvements on parent-reported OCD symptoms/impairment from pre- to post-treatment, and from pre-treatment to 1-month follow-up. Crucially, the intervention was acceptable to parents.Conclusions:Brief therapist-guided, parent-led CBT has the potential to be an effective, acceptable and accessible first-line treatment for pre-adolescent children with OCD, subject to the findings of further evaluations.
Organosulfur Aerosols Likely Carried Sulfur MIF Signatures in the Early Earth’s Atmosphere
Authors: Oduro Harry , Ono Shuhei , Alrasheed Faisal , Eldridge Daniel L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSignatures of mass‐independent fractionation (MIF) of sulfur in Archean sulfide and sulfate minerals are widely thought to record an anoxic early Earth’s atmosphere. While experiments of ultraviolet irradiation of SO2 produce significant sulfur mass‐independent fractionation (S‐MIF) in reaction products (elemental sulfur and residual sulfur dioxide), they have not been able to reproduce the isotope patterns, in particular Δ36S/Δ33S ratios, observed in the geologic rock record. Studies that focused on organic sulfur gases and hazes in Archean did not report organosulfur aerosol photoproducts as major contributors to Archean S‐MIF chemistry. Here we show, for the first time, that photochemical reactions of SO2 in the presence of gaseous hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, and C2H4) produce haze‐like organosulfur aerosols bearing S‐MIF with variable Δ36S/Δ33S ratios. The isotope trends for the organosulfur photoproducts produced in our experiments suggest that in addition to elemental sulfur, organosulfur compounds—in particular methanesulfonic acid—are a key component of S‐MIF signals from the atmosphere to the ocean and sediments with possible links to Archean atmosphere warmed by a methane greenhouse.
The Influence of Knickpoint Development and Channel Incision on Riparian Vegetation in Semi‐Arid River Corridors
Authors: Johaneman T. M. , Lininger K. B. , Schook D. M. , Pitlick J. , Martin M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogeomorphic processes strongly influence riparian vegetation, but few studies have determined the influence of knickpoint development on these processes. We investigate the influence of knickpoint development and channel incision on flood inundation, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation on the Fremont River in Utah. We conducted topographic surveys (n = 30 transects) and plot‐based vegetation surveys (n = 336) in three 1 km‐long reaches with varying proximities to a human‐created knickpoint. We also developed 1D hydraulic models to assess flood inundation patterns. Our data indicate that knickpoint development affects riparian vegetation composition and abundance through its influence on geomorphic and hydrologic processes. The study reach located just upstream of the knickpoint (R2) had a deeper channel, flooded less frequently, and required higher flows to inundate the floodplain compared to the study reach located 5 km upstream of the knickpoint (R1). Overall mean vegetation abundance (percent cover) was higher in R1 (55.7%) than in R2 (30.1%), and R1 had more occurrences of wet‐adapted (facultative wetland and obligate) species than R2 (198 and 79, respectively). Vegetation in the human‐created abandoned meander reach near the knickpoint (R4) was predominantly dry‐adapted (upland) species. Cross‐reach comparisons and more than 3 m of incision in the knickzone since knickpoint creation indicate that knickpoint development has resulted in channel incision in R2, shifting its vegetation toward more dry‐adapted species reminiscent of the surrounding uplands. This work informs natural resource management practices for habitat in riparian ecosystems and can be applied to rivers in drier regions.
Dynamic response of the cell traction force to osmotic shock
Authors: Liu Yongman , Wu Wenjie , Feng Shuo , Chen Ye , Wu Xiaoping , Zhang Qingchuan , Wu Shangquan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOsmotic pressure is vital to many physiological activities, such as cell proliferation, wound healing and disease treatment. However, how cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) when subjected to osmotic shock remains unclear. Here, we visualize the mechanical interactions between cells and the ECM during osmotic shock by quantifying the dynamic evolution of the cell traction force. We show that both hypertonic and hypotonic shocks induce continuous and large changes in cell traction force. Moreover, the traction force varies with cell volume: the traction force increases as cells shrink and decreases as cells swell. However, the direction of the traction force is independent of cell volume changes and is always toward the center of the cell-substrate interface. Furthermore, we reveal a mechanical mechanism in which the change in cortical tension caused by osmotic shock leads to the variation in traction force, which suggests a simple method for measuring changes in cell cortical tension. These findings provide new insights into the mechanical force response of cells to the external environment and may provide a deeper understanding of how the ECM regulates cell structure and function.
Sleep spindles are reduced in children with Down syndrome and sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Shetty Marisha , Davey Margot J. , Nixon Gillian M. , Walter Lisa M. , Horne Rosemary S. C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). We investigated sleep spindle activity, as a marker of sleep quality, and its relationship with daytime functioning in children with DS compared to typically developing (TD) children.

Methods
Children with DS and SDB (n = 44) and TD children matched for age, sex and SDB severity underwent overnight polysomnography. Fast or Slow sleep spindles were identified manually during N2/N3 sleep. Spindle activity was characterized as spindle number, density (number of spindles/h) and intensity (density × average duration) on central (C) and frontal (F) electrodes. Parents completed the Child Behavior Check List and OSA-18 questionnaires.

Results
In children with DS, spindle activity was lower compared to TD children for F Slow and F Slow&Fast spindles combined (p < 0.001 for all). Furthermore, there were no correlations between spindle activity and CBCL subscales; however, spindle activity for C Fast and C Slow&Fast was negatively correlated with OSA-18 emotional symptoms and caregiver concerns and C Fast activity was also negatively correlated with daytime function and total problems.

Conclusions
Reduced spindle activity in children with DS may underpin the increased sleep disruption and negative effects of SDB on quality of life and behavior.

Impact

Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which is associated with sleep disruption affecting daytime functioning.

Sleep spindles are a sensitive marker of sleep quality.

We identified for the first time that children with DS had reduced sleep spindle activity compared to typically developing children matched for SDB severity.

The reduced spindle activity likely underpins the more disrupted sleep and may be associated with reduced daytime functioning and quality of life and may also be an early biomarker for an increased risk of developing dementia later in life in children with DS.
Unexpected gender differences in progressive supranuclear palsy reveal efficacy for davunetide in women
Authors: Gozes Illana , Shapira Guy , Lobyntseva Alexandra , Shomron Noam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a pure tauopathy, implicating davunetide, enhancing Tau-microtubule interaction, as an ideal drug candidate. However, pooling patient data irrespective of sex concluded no efficacy. Here, analyzing sex-dependency in a 52 week-long- PSP clinical trial (involving over 200 patients) demonstrated clear baseline differences in brain ventricular volumes, a secondary endpoint. Dramatic baseline ventricular volume-dependent/volume increase correlations were observed in 52-week-placebo-treated females (r = 0.74, P = 2.36–9), whereas davunetide-treated females (like males) revealed no such effects. Assessment of primary endpoints, by the PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) and markedly more so by the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (SEADL) scale, showed significantly faster deterioration in females, starting at trial week 13 (P = 0.01, and correlating with most other endpoints by week 52). Twice daily davunetide treatments slowed female disease progression and revealed significant protection according to the SEADL scale as early as at 39 weeks (P = 0.008), as well as protection of the bulbar and limb motor domains considered by the PSPRS, including speaking and swallowing difficulties caused by brain damage, and deterioration of fine motor skills, respectably (P = 0.01), at 52 weeks. Furthermore, at 52 weeks of trial, the exploratory Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) significantly correlated with the SEADL scale deterioration in the female placebo group and demonstrated davunetide-mediated protection of females. Female-specific davunetide-mediated protection of ventricular volume corresponded to clinical efficacy. Together with the significantly slower disease progression seen in men, the results reveal sex-based drug efficacy differences, demonstrating the neuroprotective and disease-modifying impact of davunetide treatment for female PSP patients.
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 reprograms proline metabolism to drive breast cancer stemness under psychological stress
Authors: Cui Bai , He Bin , Huang Yanping , Wang Cenxin , Luo Huandong , Lu Jinxin , Su Keyu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Luo Yuanyuan , Zhao Zhuoran , Yang Yuqing , Zhang Yunkun , An Fan , Wang Hong , Lam Eric W.-F. , Kelley Keith W. , Wang Ling , Liu Quentin , Peng Fei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCancer stem-like cells (CSCs) contribute to cancer metastasis, drug resistance and tumor relapse, yet how amino acid metabolism promotes CSC maintenance remains exclusive. Here, we identify that proline synthetase PYCR1 is critical for breast cancer stemness and tumor growth. Mechanistically, PYCR1-synthesized proline activates cGMP-PKG signaling to enhance cancer stem-like traits. Importantly, cGMP-PKG signaling mediates psychological stress-induced cancer stem-like phenotypes and tumorigenesis. Ablation of PYCR1 markedly reverses psychological stress-induced proline synthesis, cGMP-PKG signaling activation and cancer progression. Clinically, PYCR1 and cGMP-PKG signaling components are highly expressed in breast tumor specimens, conferring poor survival in breast cancer patients. Targeting proline metabolism or cGMP-PKG signaling pathway provides a potential therapeutic strategy for breast patients undergoing psychological stress. Collectively, our findings unveil that PYCR1-enhanced proline synthesis displays a critical role in maintaining breast cancer stemness.
Charge injection engineering at organic/inorganic heterointerfaces for high-efficiency and fast-response perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Zhenchao , Chen Ziming , Shi Zhangsheng , Zou Guangruixing , Chu Linghao , Chen Xian-Kai , Zhang Chujun , So Shu Kong , Yip Hin-Lap 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of advanced perovskite emitters has considerably improved the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the further development of perovskite LEDs requires ideal device electrical properties, which strongly depend on its interfaces. In perovskite LEDs with conventional p-i-n structures, hole injection is generally less efficient than electron injection, causing charge imbalance. Furthermore, the popular hole injection structure of NiOx/poly(9-vinylcarbazole) suffers from several issues, such as weak interfacial adhesion, high interfacial trap density and mismatched energy levels. In this work, we insert a self-assembled monolayer of [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid between the NiOx and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) layers to overcome these challenges at the organic/inorganic heterointerfaces by establishing a robust interface, passivating interfacial trap states and aligning the energy levels. We successfully demonstrate blue (emission at 493 nm) and green (emission at 515 nm) devices with external quantum efficiencies of 14.5% and 26.0%, respectively. More importantly, the self-assembled monolayer also gives rise to devices with much faster response speeds by reducing interfacial capacitance and resistance. Our results pave the way for developing more efficient and brighter perovskite LEDs with quick response, widening their potential application scope.
Design, structure and plasma binding of ancestral β-CoV scaffold antigens
Authors: Hueting David , Schriever Karen , Sun Rui , Vlachiotis Stelios , Zuo Fanglei , Du Likun , Persson Helena , Hofström Camilla , Ohlin Mats , Walldén Karin , Buggert Marcus , Hammarström Lennart , Marcotte Harold , Pan-Hammarström Qiang , Andréll Juni , Syrén Per-Olof 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report the application of ancestral sequence reconstruction on coronavirus spike protein, resulting in stable and highly soluble ancestral scaffold antigens (AnSAs). The AnSAs interact with plasma of patients recovered from COVID-19 but do not bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Cryo-EM analysis of the AnSAs yield high resolution structures (2.6–2.8 Å) indicating a closed pre-fusion conformation in which all three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) are facing downwards. The structures reveal an intricate hydrogen-bonding network mediated by well-resolved loops, both within and across monomers, tethering the N-terminal domain and RBD together. We show that AnSA-5 can induce and boost a broad-spectrum immune response against the wild-type RBD as well as circulating variants of concern in an immune organoid model derived from tonsils. Finally, we highlight how AnSAs are potent scaffolds by replacing the ancestral RBD with the wild-type sequence, which restores ACE2 binding and increases the interaction with convalescent plasma.
Descending GABAergic pathway links brain sugar-sensing to peripheral nociceptive gating in Drosophila
Authors: Nakamizo-Dojo Mami , Ishii Kenichi , Yoshino Jiro , Tsuji Masato , Emoto Kazuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough painful stimuli elicit defensive responses including escape behavior for survival, starved animals often prioritize feeding over escape even in a noxious environment. This behavioral priority is typically mediated by suppression of noxious inputs through descending control in the brain, yet underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we identify a cluster of GABAergic neurons in Drosophila larval brain, designated as SEZ-localized Descending GABAergic neurons (SDGs), that project descending axons onto the axon terminals of the peripheral nociceptive neurons and prevent presynaptic activity through GABAB receptors. Remarkably, glucose feeding to starved larvae causes sustained activation of SDGs through glucose-sensing neurons and subsequent insulin signaling in SDGs, which attenuates nociception and thereby suppresses escape behavior in response to multiple noxious stimuli. These findings illustrate a neural mechanism by which sugar sensing neurons in the brain engages descending GABAergic neurons in nociceptive gating to achieve hierarchical interaction between feeding and escape behavior.