bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation practices amid COVID-19 in four Gauteng public hospitals
Authors: Smit Almien , Engelbrecht Andreas , Rajan Suma 
Published: January 2025

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged healthcare systems worldwide. Owing to the transmission with aerosol-generating procedures, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practices were changed. Little is known about the adherence and/or uptake of these guidelines by healthcare workers (HCWs) in lower-middle income countries. This study seeks to describe the CPR practices among HCWs in South Africa.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study used purposeful and snowball sampling to recruit 131 participants. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 131 responses were received. Of the respondents, 72.9% reported performing CPR on COVID-19-positive patients. Frequent breaches in personal protective equipment (PPE) (p 0.001) and reuse of PPE (p 0.001) were reported. Most respondents reported being aware of specific guidelines for CPR in COVID-19. Among the 53.4% of respondents who had tested positive for COVID-19, 79.7% reported occupational exposure. Of these respondents, 47.3% reported symptom onset within 5 days of performing CPR on a COVID-19-positive patient.Conclusion: HCWs often put the needs of patients above their own. The study found that despite respondents being aware of guidelines for CPR in COVID-19, compliance with guidelines was reported to be poor. Of particular concern is that a high number of respondents who tested positive for COVID-19 reported symptom onset within 5 days of performing CPR on COVID-19-positive patients.Contribution: This research will assist in the training of HCWs on appropriate CPR practices to prevent transmission of respiratory infections transmitted via droplet and airborne routes.
Cross-cultural adaptation: South African Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire
Authors: Manas Lorisha , Chivese Tawanda , Coetzee Ankia , Conradie Magda , Morris Linzette D. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Many serious adverse events associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be mitigated by timely glucose control during pregnancy, achieved through education and lifestyle choices. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt and test the preliminary internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the South African English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the GDM Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ).Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted at a high-risk antenatal clinic in South Africa. Pregnant women ≥ 18 years with GDM were consecutively sampled. Semantic equivalence between the original and adapted versions was assessed. Face and content validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated.Results: The three SA-GDMKQ versions demonstrated good face and content validity. For internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.534 for the Afrikaans version, 0.434 for the English version and 0.621 for the isiXhosa version. Test–retest reliability found kappa (standard error [s.e.]) values ranged between −0.03 (0.18) and 0.89 (0.13) for the English version, between −0.07 (0.18) and 0.53 (0.13) for the Afrikaans version and between 0.28 (0.18) and 0.87 (0.17) for the isiXhosa version. All versions of the SA-GDMKQ had a statistically significant (p 0.001) positive linear correlation between the total scores.Conclusion: The English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa SA-GDMKQ versions were found to be feasible and easy to comprehend, although lower internal consistency and test–retest reliability were displayed. Further validation of the psychometric properties of the English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the SA-GDMKQ among larger sample groups is however warranted.Contribution: This study adds to the knowledge around developing and using culturally appropriate questionnaires and outcome measures in research and clinical practice.
Final-year students’ perceptions of online integrated primary care learning
Authors: Ruch Aviva , Francis Joel , George Ann Z. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Integrated primary care (IPC) is a final-year medical subject at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. It focusses on primary health care training. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated existing decentralised training challenges, including standardisation and patient exposure. This study explored IPC students’ experiences and perceptions of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This explanatory-sequential mixed-methods study was informed by the technology acceptance model, community of inquiry model and self-regulated learning theory. A cross-sectional online survey was followed by focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 2 and n = 3, respectively). All 316 medical students in the 2021 cohort were eligible to participate. Closed-ended survey responses were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Open-ended responses were analysed using content analysis. The FGDs were thematically analysed.Results: The survey response rate was 52% (n = 164/316). Most students found the online content easily accessible (93.3%) and logically organised (80.0%). The course structure and organisation, and the range of online activities offered were the main features that supported learning. The main challenges included the content not being comprehensive and the difficulty of learning patient management from online content. Suggested improvements related to the course design and ways students and instructors can maximise the affordances of the online course.Conclusion: Acknowledging the limitations of learning clinical content online, the participants felt the course supported their learning. Our findings suggest that well-designed online content can augment clinical learning.Contribution: This study contributes to the discourse on the value of online learning for clinical teaching.
Assessment of health and safety knowledge among teachers of public schools
Authors: ALShamsi Najla Salim , Ismail Ahmad Rasdan , Okoh Anthony I. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study assessed the knowledge and safety practices of public-school teachers in the Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The education system in the UAE is relatively new and has been the subject of academic debate for the past decade. Safety awareness refers to perceptions and assessments of the abilities and responsibilities of employees to mitigate risks in the workplace. This study assessed safety related to educational institutions, the efficiency of the safety training process imparted by the stakeholders for the teachers, and the extent to which schools in Sharjah are applying and are committed to the safety standards, policies, and procedures.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used that encompassed public schools in the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE. Data were collected from 271 respondents using an online questionnaire prepared in English, Arabic, or Chinese.

Results:
The results revealed that more than 90% of the respondents had strong knowledge and awareness of health and safety in their workplace, specifically within the school community. Social demographic factors were not associated with this awareness, except for the perceived importance of occupational health and safety. Sex is a significant factor in awareness of the importance of health and safety of employees and students (P < 0.019).

Conclusion:
We conclude that there is excellent awareness of occupational health and safety among teachers in the education sector in the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE. The results of this study emphasize the importance of safety policies, safety training, and safety committees to improving safety culture at educational institutions.
Vertical osteodistraction – A method for preimplantological regeneration of the alveolar ridge
Authors: Haupt E. , Langowsky K. , Walter M. , Eckelt U. 
Published: January 2025

A new and effective therapy for increasing the alveolar ridge is vertical osteodistraction where in-between the bone segments to be distracted, new bones develop. Twelve patients (average age of 54) consisting of 9 females and 3 males were operated on and treated by using submucous extraosseous micro and mini distractors.
Among 8 patients presenting with an atrophy of the alveolar ridge, 6 cases were distracted in the interforaminal region and 2 cases in the molar region. In another 2 cases, osteodistraction of a free iliac crest transplant was performed to reconstruct the defect after tumour resection and for the remaining 2 cases, osteodistraction was used to rectify the defect caused by fractures of the alveolar process.
The expected bone regeneration in the distraction gap occurred in 11 patients but in one patient with a history of diabetes mellitus, the poor bone healing led to the loss of the osteotomised bone segment.
After distraction and prior to implant insertion a vestibuloplasty was necessary in 3 patients. Implant systems used were the Frialit-II-System (9 cases) and the IMZ- System (3 cases).
We see the advantage of the osteodistraction in contrast to the conventional free bone transplantation. Simultaneously, aside from an increase in the local regenerated bone, there is also a gain in the soft tissue of the attached mucosa.
Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment For Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Halmey N , Imran Z A , Haizal H K 
Published: January 2025

Preoperative cardiac assessment aims to estimate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in the perioperative period. Guidelines exist to aid surgeons, anaesthetists and physicians in the management of patients with cardiac problems on the strength of the evidence for risk assessment and diagnostic testing. Assessment is divided into assessment of patient-specific risk, functional capacity and surgery-specific risk. The basic clinical evaluation obtained by history, physical examination and review of the electrocardiogram (ECG) usually provides sufficient data to evaluate cardiac risk.
This evaluation will enable recommendations to be made regarding further non- invasive and invasive investigations. Beta-blockers, statins and coronary revascularisation may then be indicated to lower cardiac risk.
Perioperative oral antibiotics in third molar surgery
Authors: Royan Stephen J. , Othman Kamsinah , Mustapha Zuhaibah 
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of antibiotics in preventing post-operative infection in third molar surgeries.
The study was retrospective with information obtained from patient records. The operations carried out by two surgeons in the course of two years were studied. In 2002, Surgeon A routinely prescribed Oral Metronidazole 400 mg tds post- operatively for five days (Group A02) whereas Surgeon B prescribed Oral Metronidazole 800 mg pre-operatively and 2 doses of 400 mg post-operatively (Group B02). In 2003, antibiotics were not routinely prescribed by either surgeon (Group A03 and B03). The proportion of post-operative infections seen in Groups A02 and A03 and that in Groups B02 and B03 were compared.
The number of infections in Group A02 was one out of 35 and in Group A03, two out of 43. Out of 36 patients in Group B02, there were no infections and in Group B03, it was three out of 43. However, using Fisher's exact test, there was no statistically significant difference between the infections seen in Groups A02 and A03 (p=1.000) and Groups B02 and B03 (p=0.109) respectively.
In conclusion, no significant benefit could be demonstrated by administering perioperative oral antibiotics to prevent post-operative infection in third molar surgery.
The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Ministry of Health Hospitals Malaysia
Authors: Mustafa WM , KK Tay , IP Chelvanayagam , Mutalib KA , Najardin Y , Razali A Rahman , BC Ma , KM Yuen , SJ Royan , Celestine V , C Vincent , AR Rusdi 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the pattern of facial fractures at 23 Malaysian hospitals.

PATIENTS AND METHOD:
A one year prospective study was carried out. The data collected include age, gender, etiology, sites of fractures and treatment. RESULTS: 2101 fractures were found in 1862 patients. Most fractures occurred in the age range 20 to 29 years old (mean 29.2, 642 cases, 34.5%). Males outnumber females by a ratio of 6:1. Most fractures were caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs) (79.59%), assaults (7.62%) and falls (6.50%). The majority of RTAs cases involved motor cyclists. Most facial fractures occurred in Malays (1155, 62.1%), followed by Indians (268, 14.4%), Chinese (262, 14.1%) foreigners (109, 5.9%) and other indigenous groups 63 (3.4%). The ethnicity was unknown in three cases. The commonest bones involved were the mandible (1075, 51.2%), followed by zygoma (495, 23.6%), maxilla (415, 19.8%), isolated orbital (82, 3.9%), nasoethmoidal (19, or 0.9%) and frontal bone fractures (15, 0.7%). The commonest method of treatment used was conservative treatment (33.2%), followed by ORIF (31.5%), and Closed reduction (29.6%). 4.7% of the patients refused treatment. CONCLUSION: Maxillofacial fractures as a result of RTAs are still very high and are usually associated with the male motorcycle riders and pillion riders. Current preventive measures have little impact on motorcyclists in Malaysia.
A Five-Year Retrospective Study of Dentofacial Injuries Among Preschool Children In Melaka, Malaysia
Authors: Royan Stephen Joseph , Ee Pei-Shan , Gunarajah Dharmindra Rajah 
Published: January 2025

AIM:
To determine the pattern of dentofacial injuries seen among pre-school children in a public hospital dental service in Melaka, Malaysia. METHODS: The study was retrospective and based on records of children with dentofacial injuries aged below 7 years who were seen in Melaka Hospital between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2006. RESULTS: During the five years, 268 preschool children were seen and they comprised 8.69% of the total number of dentofacial injuries seen in the hospital during that period. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.8:1. Falls accounted for 83% of the injuries. Soft tissue injuries were the most common injuries encountered (94%) with the lips being the commonest site of injury. Dental injuries were seen in 37% and bone fractures in 3%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study differed in some ways from those conducted in other countries. The findings are useful for resource planning and prevention strategies.
Salivary gland tumours in Hospital Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Mustafa Wan Mahadzir , Basri Nornazaliza , Zakaria Abdul Rahim 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to document the pattern of salivary gland tumours that were treated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, during the 10-year period. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data of 18 patients were retrieved from the operation theatre book and clinical records from the year 2000-2009. The collection of data included presenting symptoms, gender, age, ethnicity, location, histopathology and treatment of the tumour. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptom was swelling. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 62 years and the peak incidence age of the tumour was in 5th to 6th decade. There was an equal sex distribution. The majority of patients were Malays (55.56%, n=10) followed by Chinese (22.2%, n=4) and the remaining were Indian (11.1%, n=2), Iban(n=1, 1.56%) and Bajau (n=1, 5.56%). Among 18 incident cases, 8 cases were benign and 10 cases were malignant. Of 18 cases, 72.2% (n=13) were from minor salivary gland and the remaining (27.8%, n=5) from major salivary glands. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent tumour and the only one benign lesion, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. The palate was the main site of occurrence of the salivary gland tumour followed by the parotid region. Treatment modality was mainly surgical in both benign and malignant tumors. Combined surgery and radiotherapy were employed in five patients who had adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary ductal carcinoma, polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the maxilla. Eight of the ten patients presenting with malignant salivary gland tumours survived beyond two years. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with salivary gland tumours were encountered in the 5th and 6th decades. A higher frequency of salivary gland tumour in Malays than Chinese or Indians was noted. Consistent with reports from the English literature pleomorphic adenoma was the most common salivary gland tumour while mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequently occurring malignant salivary gland tumour.
Malaysian Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Nabil Syed , Rajandram Rama Krsna , Nordin Rifqah , Jabar Nazimi Abdul 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The Malaysian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is the official publication of the MalaysianAssociation of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. After more than ten years since it was first published, we aim to perform an audit of the publication seen within the journal throughout its history.

Methodology:
All individual articles in the Malaysian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery was manually reviewed by the first and second author from its inception to the most recent volume. Data regarding the author's details (state of origin, affiliation, speciality, qualification), study design and articles subject were collected.

Results:
Overall, 58 articles were published in eight volumes. Authors associated with Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health and from the oral and maxillofacial specialty were most common when assessed in regards of state of origin, affiliation and specialty respectively. Case report and case series type article were the most common study design while trauma and clinical pathology were the most popular subjects.

Conclusion:
The increase in the publication frequency and the contribution of variety dental and medical-based authors in the journal signals positive signs in which further progress should be targeted in the future.
Oral Cancer Awareness of a Segment of Sabah's Rural Population aged 40 years and above
Authors: Kuan Jeremy Lee Ju , Jalil Norma Abd 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
Delay in treatment of oral cancer could be attributed to a general lack of knowledge or awareness in the population. This lack of awareness is even more pronounced among the rural or lower socioeconomic community, which comprises about 60% of the Sabah population. The aim of the study was to determine the level of awareness within this segment of the Sabah population.

Materials and methods:
Questionnaire forms were collected from 164 subjects aged 40 years and above seeking dental treatment at the main dental clinic of 4 major rural centres (Kudat, Kota Marudu, Kota Belud and Keningau) on the west coast of Sabah. The form was divided into a preceding sociodemographic section and a focused question section pertaining to awareness of risk factors, complications, prevention and signs and symptoms of oral cancer. Results obtained were analysed descriptively.

Results and Discussion:
There was no variation in gender with 82 male and 82 female respondents. 70.1% (115 out of 164 respondents) claimed to have previously heard of oral cancer; with an overwhelming 98.2% of them (113 out of 115 respondents) agreed that if left untreated, oral cancer can cause death. There was no significant difference between genders in this respect. Overall, there was a trend for those in the younger age groups and with higher education levels to not only be aware of oral cancer but also the risk factors associated. All 3 pictures shown were successfully identified by more than 75% of all respondents.
Among the centres, Kota Marudu appears to have the lowest awareness about oral cancer with only 52.1% awareness. The highest was Keningau with full awareness among their respondents. This ties in with the fact that Kota Marudu is fairly rural and has the highest proportion of uneducated respondents, whereas Keningau is mostly suburban in nature with a high number of educated respondents.
The majority of the respondents (88.7%) identified smoking as a risk factor, with only 70.4% agreeing that consumption of alcohol is a risk factor. However, only 70.4% and 54.3% of respondents agreed that old age and areca nut chewers respectively are at risk for getting oral cancer.

Conclusion:
This study showed that there is a fairly high level of awareness of oral cancer, its risk factors, prevention and appearance in this particular population group. However, there still exist places such as Kudat and Kota Marudu, which are rural areas with populations having low or no education that showed alarming levels of ignorance to the awareness and prevention of this condition. Although much effort has been spent to spread awareness through both governmental and non-governmental avenues, the effectiveness of these measures have been found wanting possibly to poor focus on at- risk groups. Studies like this can assist in identifying these groups so as to target future preventive or screening programmes to relevant segments of the population.
Sinonasal tuberculosis and Pott's disease
Authors: Rajandram Rama Krsna , Nabil Syed , Nordin Rifqah , Nazimi Abdul Jabar 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for 10% of cases with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Sinonasal tuberculosis is rare and has two different pathological types. Pott's disease refers to spinal tuberculosis and is the most common form of skeletal tuberculosis however is often diagnosed late resulting in significant rates of mortality and morbidity among patients.

Case Description:
A 70 year old female presented with a rare case of multifocal skeletal tuberculosis involving the spine and the sinonasal complex. The diagnostic challenge of this case is presented and important clinical points are presented.

Clinical Implications:
High index of suspicion is needed among clinician when dealing with possible rare tuberculous skeletal presentations and a practice of improving early diagnosis using diagnostic tools which are sensitive to detecting skeletal tuberculosisis.
Retromandibular Transparotid Approach to Subcondylar Fractures
Authors: R Parumo , BC Ma , R Sujak , A Jelon 
Published: January 2025

Aim:
To evaluate the surgical morbidity and efficiency of retromandibular transparotid approach in the management of subcondylar fractures in comparison with the other studies and also to evaluate the stability of different type of rigid fixation system used.

Method:
This retrospective clinical study comprises a total of 29 patients with 33 condylar fractures that were operated using retromandibular transparotid approach between January 2010 and December 2013. Postoperative complications and outcomes were evaluated at a minimum of 3 months and compared with the other studies. All surgical scars were assessed after 3 months. The surgical time was recorded intraoperatively and the stability of the rigid fixation systems was evaluated radiographically.

Result:
There was no major complication in all cases. There were 2 cases (6%) of temporary facial nerve palsy which resolved after 3 weeks. All surgical scars were barely visible after 3 months. There is no fracture or loosening of screws with any of the 3 different plates used.

Conclusion:
The non aggrasive retromandibular transparotid approach is a safe and efficient surgical method of ORIF (open reduction with internal fixation) of subcondylar fractures of the mandible. It provides direct visual access to the fracture site with satisfactory functional outcome and low morbidity. It allows the correct placement of the miniplates and screw which lead to a stable osteosynthesis of subcondylar fractures.