bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kleine Levin Syndrome: An Overall Literature Review with Case Studies
Authors: Ganjala Hemalatha , Nakka Anusha , Prathi Mary Asha , Shaik Rahimunnisa , Gajula Ram Nageswara Rao , Nakka Gayatri , Padigala Ramya Jyothi , Tippani Susmitha , Sornala Blessy , Priya Mannava sai rama Bhargavi 
Published: February 2025

The rare condition known as Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) primarily affects teenagers. Extreme somnolence is interspersed with behavioral signs, psychomental abnormalities, and megaphagia. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is unknown, although its prevalence worldwide varies between 1 and 5 cases per million people, with a predisposition for males, primarily during puberty. Relapsing-remitting periods of severe hypersomnia, cognitive impairment, apathy, derealization, and behavioral and mental health issues are the hallmarks of Kleine-Levin syndrome. It affects boys more often than it does females. The misdiagnosis and treatment of KLS as another sleep problem, neurological illness, or mental issue often understates its incidence. Males are more likely than females to have KLS, and it is more frequent during puberty than at later ages. The diagnosis of KLS is difficult since there are presently no clear imaging testing results or established biomarkers. Even though KLS is difficult, some people recover completely; however, there may be long-term psychological and cognitive repercussions. This page discusses the disorder's symptoms, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, course of treatment, and a few case stories. This literature review highlights key findings from the case studies presented in the manuscript, which are useful for diagnosis and treatment.
Antipsychotics and the QTc Interval During Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Stollings Joanna L. , Boncyk Christina S. , Birdrow Caroline I. , Chen Wencong , Raman Rameela , Gupta Deepak K. , Roden Dan M. , Rivera Erika L. , Maiga Amelia W. , Rakhit Shayan , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Ely E. Wesley , Girard Timothy D. , Patel Mayur B. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceAntipsychotic medications, often prescribed for delirium in intensive care units (ICUs), may contribute to QTc interval prolongation.ObjectiveTo determine whether antipsychotics increase the QTc interval in patients with delirium in the ICU.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAn a priori analysis of a randomized clinical trial in medical/surgical ICUs within 16 centers across the US was conducted. Participants included adults with delirium in the ICU with baseline QTc interval less than 550 ms. The study was conducted from December 2011 to August 2017. Data analysis was performed from April 25 to August 18, 2021.InterventionsPatients were randomized 1:1:1 to intravenous haloperidol, ziprasidone, or saline placebo administered twice daily until resolution of delirium, ICU discharge, or 14 days.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTwelve-lead electrocardiograms were used to measure baseline QTc before study drug initiation and telemetry was used to measure QTc before each subsequent dose of study drug. Unadjusted day-to-day changes in QTc were calculated and multivariable proportional odds regression was used to estimate the effects of antipsychotics vs placebo on next-day maximum QTc interval, adjusting for prespecified baseline covariates and potential interactions with sex. Safety end points, including the occurrence of torsade de pointes, were evaluated. All analyses were conducted based on the intention to treat principle.ResultsA total of 566 patients were randomized to haloperidol (n = 192), ziprasidone (n = 190), or placebo (n = 184). Median age was 60.1 (IQR, 51.4-68.7) years; 323 were men (57%). Baseline median QTc intervals across the groups were similar: haloperidol, 458.0 (IQR, 432.0-479.0) ms; ziprasidone, 451.0 (IQR, 424.0-472.0) ms; and placebo, 452.0 (IQR, 432.0-472.0) ms. From day 1 to day 2, median QTc changed minimally: haloperidol, −1.0 (IQR, −28.0 to 15.0) ms; ziprasidone, 0 (IQR, −23.0 to 20.0) ms; and placebo, −3.5 (IQR, −24.8 to 17.0) ms. Compared with placebo, neither haloperidol (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.66-1.37; P = .78) nor ziprasidone (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.75-1.57; P = .78) was associated with next-day QTc intervals. Effects were not significantly modified by sex (P = .41 for interaction). There were 2 occurrences of nonfatal torsade de pointes, both in the haloperidol group. Neither was associated with study drug administration.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this trial suggest that daily QTc interval monitoring during antipsychotic use may have limited value in patients in the ICU with normal baseline QTc and few risk factors for QTc prolongation.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01211522
Effect of Acupuncture vs Sham Acupuncture on Patients With Poststroke Motor Aphasia
Authors: Li Boxuan , Deng Shizhe , Zhuo Bifang , Sang Bomo , Chen Junjie , Zhang Menglong , Tian Guang , Zhang Lili , Du Yuzheng , Zheng Peng , Yue Gonglei , Meng Zhihong 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceMotor aphasia is common among patients with stroke. Acupuncture is recommended as an alternative therapy for poststroke aphasia, but its efficacy remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of acupuncture on language function, neurological function, and quality of life in patients with poststroke motor aphasia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in China from October 21, 2019, to November 13, 2021. Adult patients with poststroke motor aphasia were enrolled. Data analysis was performed from February to April 2023.InterventionsEligible participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to manual acupuncture (MA) or sham acupuncture (SA) groups. Both groups underwent language training and conventional treatments.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the aphasia quotient (AQ) of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and scores on the Chinese Functional Communication Profile (CFCP) at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included WAB subitems, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale, Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale–39, and Health Scale of Traditional Chinese Medicine scores at 6 weeks and 6 months after onset. All statistical analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.ResultsAmong 252 randomized patients (198 men [78.6%]; mean [SD] age, 60.7 [7.5] years), 231 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (115 in the MA group and 116 in the SA group). Compared with the SA group, the MA group had significant increases in AQ (difference, 7.99 points; 95% CI, 3.42-12.55 points; P = .001) and CFCP (difference, 23.51 points; 95% CI, 11.10-35.93 points; P &amp;lt; .001) scores at week 6 and showed significant improvements in AQ (difference, 10.34; 95% CI, 5.75-14.93; P &amp;lt; .001) and CFCP (difference, 27.43; 95% CI, 14.75-40.10; P &amp;lt; .001) scores at the end of follow-up.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, patients with poststroke motor aphasia who received 6 weeks of MA compared with those who received SA demonstrated statistically significant improvements in language function, quality of life, and neurological impairment from week 6 of treatment to the end of follow-up at 6 months after onset.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900026740
ERBB2‐amplified lobular breast carcinoma exhibits concomitant CDK12 co‐amplification associated with poor prognostic features
Authors: Forster‐Sack Miriam , Zoche Martin , Pestalozzi Bernhard , Witzel Isabell , Schwarz Esther Irene , Herzig Joel Julien , Fansa Hisham , Tausch Christoph , Ross Jeff , Moch Holger , Varga Zsuzsanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMost invasive lobular breast carcinomas (ILBCs) are luminal‐type carcinomas with an HER2‐negative phenotype (ERBB2 or HER2 un‐amplified) and CDH1 mutations. Rare variants include ERBB2‐amplified subtypes associated with an unfavorable prognosis and less response to anti‐HER2 targeted therapies. We analyzed the clinicopathological and molecular features of ERBB2‐amplified ILBC and compared these characteristics with ERBB2‐unamplified ILBC. A total of 253 patients with ILBC were analyzed. Paraffin‐embedded formalin‐fixed tumor samples from 250 of these patients were added to a tissue microarray. Protein expression of prognostic, stem cell and breast‐specific markers was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Hybrid capture‐based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed for 10 ILBCs that were either fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or IHC positive for HER2 amplification/overexpression and 10 ILBCs that were either FISH or IHC negative. Results were compared with a CGP database of 44,293 invasive breast carcinomas. The CGP definition of ERBB2 amplification was five copies or greater. A total of 17 of 255 ILBC (5%) were ERBB2 amplified. ERBB2‐amplified ILBC had higher tumor stage (p < 0.0001), more frequent positive nodal status (p = 0.00022), more distant metastases (p = 0.012), and higher histological grade (p < 0.0001), and were more often hormone receptor negative (p < 0.001) and more often SOX10 positive (p = 0.005). ERBB2 short variant sequence mutations were more often detected in ERBB2‐unamplified tumors (6/10, p = 0.027), whereas CDH1 mutations/copy loss were frequently present in both subgroups (9/10 and 7/10, respectively). Amplification of pathogenic genes were more common in HER2‐positive ILBC (p = 0.0009). CDK12 gene amplification (≥6 copies) was detected in 7 of 10 ERBB2‐amplified ILBC (p = 0.018). There were no CDK12 gene amplifications reported in 44,293 invasive breast carcinomas in the FMI Insights CGP database. ERBB2‐amplified ILBC is a distinct molecular subgroup with frequent coamplification of CDK12, whereas ERBB2 sequence mutations occur only in ERBB2‐unamplified ILBC. CDK12/ERBB2 co‐amplification may explain the poor prognosis and therapy resistance of ERBB2‐amplified ILBC.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Organoids to Improve Preclinical Research
Authors: Zivko Cristina , Hahm Tae‐Hun , Tressler Cay , Brown Dalton , Glunde Kristine , Mahairaki Vasiliki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPreclinical models are essential research tools before novel therapeutic or diagnostic methods can be applied to humans. These range from in vitro cell monocultures to vastly more complex animal models, but clinical translation to humans often fails to deliver significant results. Three‐dimensional (3D) organoid systems are being increasingly studied to establish physiologically relevant in vitro platforms in a trade‐off between the complexity of the research question and the complexity of practical experimental setups. The sensitivity and precision of analytical tools are yet another limiting factors in what can be investigated, and mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most powerful analytical techniques available to the scientific community. Its innovative use to spatially resolve biological samples has opened many research avenues in the field of MS imaging (MSI). Here, this work aims to explore the current scientific landscape in the application of MSI on organoids, with an emphasis on their combined potential to facilitate and improve preclinical studies.
Fully Memristive Elementary Motion Detectors for a Maneuver Prediction
Authors: Song Hanchan , Lee Min Gu , Kim Gwangmin , Kim Do Hoon , Kim Geunyoung , Park Woojoon , Rhee Hakseung , In Jae Hyun , Kim Kyung Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInsects can efficiently perform object motion detection via a specialized neural circuit, called an elementary motion detector (EMD). In contrast, conventional machine vision systems require significant computational resources for dynamic motion processing. Here, a fully memristive EMD (M‐EMD) is presented that implements the Hassenstein–Reichardt (HR) correlator, a biological model of the EMD. The M‐EMD consists of a simple Wye (Y) configuration, including a static resistor, a dynamic memristor, and a Mott memristor. The resistor and dynamic memristor introduce different signal delays, enabling spatio‐temporal signal integration in the subsequent Mott memristor, resulting in a direction‐selective response. In addition, a neuromorphic system is developed employing the M‐EMDs to predict a lane‐changing maneuver by vehicles on the road. The system achieved a high accuracy (> 87%) in predicting future lane‐changing maneuvers on the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset while reducing the computational cost by 92.9% compared to the conventional neuromorphic system without the M‐EMD, suggesting its strong potential for edge‐level computing.
In Situ Insights into Cathode Calcination for Predictive Synthesis: Kinetic Crystallization of LiNiO2 from Hydroxides
Authors: Tayal Akhil , Barai Pallab , Zhong Hui , Kahvecioglu Ozgenur , Wang Xiaoping , Pupek Krzysztof Z. , Ma Lu , Ehrlich Steven N. , Srinivasan Venkat , Qu Xiaohui , Bai Jianming , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCalcination is a solid‐state synthesis process widely deployed in battery cathode manufacturing. However, its inherent complexity associated with elusive intermediates hinders the predictive synthesis of high‐performance cathode materials. Here, correlative in situ X‐ray absorption/scattering spectroscopy is used to investigate the calcination of nickel‐based cathodes, focusing specifically on the archetypal LiNiO2 from Ni(OH)2. Combining in situ observation with data‐driven analysis reveals concurrent lithiation and dehydration of Ni(OH)2 and consequently, the low‐temperature crystallization of layered LiNiO2 alongside lithiated rocksalts. Following early nucleation, LiNiO2 undergoes sluggish crystallization and structural ordering while depleting rocksalts; ultimately, it turns into a structurally‐ordered layered phase upon full lithiation but remains small in size. Subsequent high‐temperature sintering induces rapid crystal growth, accompanied by undesired delithiation and structural degradation. These observations are further corroborated by mesoscale modeling, emphasizing that, even though calcination is thermally driven and favors transformation towards thermodynamically equilibrium phases, the actual phase propagation and crystallization can be kinetically tuned via lithiation, providing freedom for structural and morphological control during cathode calcination.
Giant Negative Photoresponse in van der Waals Graphene/AgBiP2Se6/Graphene Trilayer Heterostructures
Authors: He Wei , Wu Dong , Kong Lingling , Yu Peng , Yang Guowei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe positive photoconductive (PPC) effect is a well‐established primary detection mechanism employed by photodetectors. In contrast, the negative photoconductive (NPC) effect is not extensively investigated thus far, and research on the NPC effect is still in its early stage. Herein, a quaternary van der Waals material, AgBiP2Se6 atomic layers, is discovered to achieve a giant NPC effect. Through experimental observations in a Graphene/AgBiP2Se6/ Graphene‐based vertical photodetector, an irreversible conversion is identified from common PPC photoresponse to atypical NPC photoresponse. Notably, this device demonstrates an exceptionally high negative responsivity (R) of 4.9 × 105 A W−1, surpassing the previous records for NPC photodetectors. Additionally, it exhibits remarkable optoelectronic performances, including an external quantum efficiency of 1.3 × 108% and a detectivity (D) of 3.60 × 1012 Jones. The exceptionally high NPC photoresponse observed in this device can be attributed to the swift suppression of photogenerated free carriers at robust recombination centers situated at significant depths, induced by the elevated drain‐source voltage bias. The remarkably high NPC photoresponse also positions AgBiP2Se6 as a promising 2D material for multifunctional optoelectronic devices and an excellent platform for systematic exploration of the NPC effect.
Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Driven by Erythrocytes Ameliorate Bacterial Sepsis by Iron Recycling, Toxin Clearing and Inflammation Regulation
Authors: Li Yan , Qu Guanlin , Dou Geng , Ren Lili , Dang Ming , Kuang Huijuan , Bao Lili , Ding Feng , Xu Guangzhou , Zhang Zhiyuan , Yang Chi , Liu Shiyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSepsis poses a significant challenge in clinical management. Effective strategies targeting iron restriction, toxin neutralization, and inflammation regulation are crucial in combating sepsis. However, a comprehensive approach simultaneously targeting these multiple processes has not been established. Here, an engineered apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs) derived from macrophages is developed and their potential as multifunctional agents for sepsis treatment is investigated. The extensive macrophage apoptosis in a Staphylococcus aureus‐induced sepsis model is discovered, unexpectedly revealing a protective role for the host. Mechanistically, the protective effects are mediated by apoptotic macrophage‐released apoEVs, which bound iron‐containing proteins and neutralized α‐toxin through interaction with membrane receptors (transferrin receptor and A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10). To further enhance therapeutic efficiency, apoEVs are engineered by incorporating mesoporous silica nanoparticles preloaded with anti‐inflammatory agents (microRNA‐146a). These engineered apoEVs can capture iron and neutralize α‐toxin with their natural membrane while also regulating inflammation by releasing microRNA‐146a in phagocytes. Moreover, to exploit the microcosmic movement and rotation capabilities, erythrocytes are utilized to drive the engineered apoEVs. The erythrocytes‐driven engineered apoEVs demonstrate a high capacity for toxin and iron capture, ultimately providing protection against sepsis associated with high iron‐loaded conditions. The findings establish a multifunctional agent that combines natural and engineered antibacterial strategies.
NanoSHP099‐Targeted SHP2 Inhibition Boosts Ly6Clow Monocytes/Macrophages Differentiation to Accelerate Thrombolysis
Authors: Ying Kejing , Xin Wanghao , Xu Yiming , Lv Dandan , Zhu Huiqi , Li Yeping , Xu Wangting , Yan Chao , Li Yiqing , Cheng Hongqiang , Chen Enguo , Ma Guofeng , Zhang Xue , Ke Yuehai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTumor‐associated thrombus (TAT) accounts for a high proportion of venous thromboembolism. Traditional thrombolysis and anticoagulation methods are not effective due to various complications and contraindications, which can easily lead to patients dying from TAT rather than the tumor itself. These clinical issues demonstrate the need to research diverse pathways for adjuvant thrombolysis in antitumor therapy. Previously, the phenotypic and functional transformation of monocytes/macrophages is widely reported to be involved in intratribal collagen regulation. This study finds that myeloid deficiency of the oncogene SHP2 sensitizes Ly6Clow monocyte/macrophage differentiation and can alleviate thrombus organization by increasing thrombolytic Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/9 activities. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition by SHP099, examined in mouse lung metastatic tumor models, reduces tumor and thrombi burden in tumor metastatic lung tissues. Furthermore, SHP099 increases intrathrombus Ly6Clow monocyte/macrophage infiltration and exhibits thrombolytic function at high concentrations. To improve the thrombolytic effect of SHP099, NanoSHP099 is constructed to achieve the specific delivery of SHP099. NanoSHP099 is identified to be simultaneously enriched in tumor and thrombus foci, exerting dual tumor‐suppression and thrombolysis effects. NanoSHP099 presents a superior thrombus dissolution effect than that of the same dosage of SHP099 because of the higher Ly6Clow monocyte/macrophage proportion and MMP2/MMP9 collagenolytic activities in organized thrombi.
Grafting Electron‐Accepting Fragments on [4]cyclo‐2,7‐carbazole Scaffold: Tuning the Structural and Electronic Properties of Nanohoops
Authors: Brouillac Clément , McIntosh Nemo , Heinrich Benoît , Jeannin Olivier , De Sagazan Olivier , Coulon Nathalie , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Cornil Jérôme , Jacques Emmanuel , Quinton Cassandre , Poriel Cyril 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince the first applications of nanohoops in organic electronics appear promising, the time has come to go deeper into their rational design in order to reach high‐efficiency materials. To do so, systematic studies dealing with the incorporation of electron‐rich and/or electron‐poor functional units on nanohoops have to be performed. Herein, the synthesis, the electrochemical, photophysical, thermal, and structural properties of two [4]cyclo‐2,7‐carbazoles, [4]C‐Py‐Cbz, and [4]C‐Pm‐Cbz, possessing electron‐withdrawing units on their nitrogen atoms (pyridine or pyrimidine) are reported. The synthesis of these nanohoops is first optimized and a high yield above 50% is reached. Through a structure‐properties relationship study, it is shown that the substituent has a significant impact on some physicochemical properties (eg HOMO/LUMO levels) while others are kept unchanged (eg fluorescence). Incorporation in electronic devices shows that the most electrically efficient Organic Field‐Effect transistors are obtained with [4]C‐Py‐Cbz although this compound does not present the best‐organized semiconductor layer. These experimental data are finally confronted with the electronic couplings between the nanohoops determined at the DFT level and have highlighted the origin in the difference of charge transport properties. [4]C‐Py‐Cbz has the advantage of a more 2D‐like transport character than [4]C‐Pm‐Cbz, which alleviates the impact of defects and structural organization.
Ultrathin Microporous Transport Layers: Implications for Low Catalyst Loadings, Thin Membranes, and High Current Density Operation for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis
Authors: Schuler Tobias , Weber Carl Cesar , Wrubel Jacob A. , Gubler Lorenz , Pivovar Bryan , Büchi Felix N. , Bender Guido 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPorous transport layers (PTL) and their surface properties have the potential to improve the performance of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), which is imperative to reduce feedstock costs and lead to their widespread implementation. This work introduces a novel generation of titanium microporous layers (MPLs) with ultra‐low thicknesses of ≈20 µm which reduces raw material costs. They also feature advanced interfacial properties tailored to maximize catalyst utilization at low Ir‐loadings. The bulk morphology and surface properties of the hierarchically structured PTLs are assessed by X‐ray tomographic microscopy. The low surface roughness of the MPL allows the use of thinner membranes since it minimizes possible deformations in the membrane. Cells containing the MPLs outperformed those containing state‐of‐the‐art commercially available PTL materials by up to 100 mV at 7 A cm−2 in combination with low‐loaded catalyst‐coated membranes of 0.4 mgIr cm−2. Hydrogen crossover is also reduced, especially at low current densities, leading to a larger turndown ratio which can enable more cost‐effective operating strategies. Finally, these rationally designed MPLs also lead to high catalyst utilization by overcoming the naturally occurring high in‐plane resistance of low‐loaded catalyst layers.