bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of preptin and glycemic status in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: S Rooban , A. Arul Senghor K. , M. Vinodhni V. , P Renuka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context: Preptin is a hormone which is co-secreted with insulin and amylin from beta cells of pancreas. Non-alcoholic fatty liver is a disorder in which there's excessive fat accumulation in the liver cells without evidence of alcohol consumption. Both T2DM and NAFLD is associated with various peptide hormone, but the association of preptin with Non-alcoholic fatty liver and it’s different stages is still not clear.
Aim and objective: To determine the level of preptin in T2DM patients with NAFLD and to assess the levels of liver enzymes. To correlate preptin levels with liver enzymes and stages of NAFLD.
Settings and Design: Analytical cross sectional study
Methods and Material: This is an analytical cross sectional study comprising of 64 T2DM patients divided into two groups based on their glycemic controls with HbA1c more than 8%, ALT ≤ 40 IU/L and ALT ≥ 40 IU/L in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre Diabetology OP and MHC in the age group of 35-80.
Statistical analysis used: The data was analysed using statistical package of social service (SPSS 26.0).
Results: Plasma preptin levels are increased in patients with T2DM and NAFLD. The NAFLD score and TyG index showed a positive correlation in participants in group 2. In group 2 patients there is a positive correlation between NAFLD score and AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, while TyG index shows a positive correction with LDL and VLDL in both groups.
Conclusions: Preptin may have a role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD and may be a valuable marker in predicting fibrosis development along with NAFLD score.
Does pain self-efficacy predict outcomes in people with migraine; an exploratory analysis of the CHESS trial
Authors: Hee Siew Wan , Patel Shilpa , Sandhu Harbinder , Matharu Manjit S. , Underwood Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background Chronic headache disorders are disabling. The CHESS trial studied the effects of a short non-pharmacological intervention of education with self-management support for people affected by migraine and/or tension type headache for at least 15 days per month for at least three months. There were no statistically significant effects on the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) at 12-months. However, we observed improvement in pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ) and short-term HIT-6. We explored the impact of the CHESS intervention on PSEQ, and subsequently, on the HIT-6 and chronic headache quality of life questionnaire (CH-QLQ) at four, eighth and 12 months.Methods We included all 736 participants from the CHESS trial. We used simple linear regression models to explore the change of HIT-6 and CH-QLQ with treatment and PSEQ at baseline (predictor analysis), and the interaction between treatment and baseline PSEQ (moderator analysis). We considered the change of PSEQ from baseline to four months as a mediator in the mediation analysis.Results Baseline PSEQ neither predicted nor moderated outcomes. The prediction effect on change of HIT-6 from baseline to 12 months was 0.01 (95% CI, -0.03 to 0.04) and the interaction (moderation) effect was − 0.07 (95% CI, -0.15 to 0.002). However, the change of PSEQ from baseline to 4-month mediated the HIT-6 (baseline to 8-, and 12-month) and all components of CH-QLQ (baseline to 8-, and 12-month). The CHESS intervention improved the mediated variable, PSEQ, by 2.34 (95% CI, 0.484 to 4.187) units and this corresponds to an increase of 0.21 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.45) units in HIT-6 at 12-months. The largest mediated effect was observed on the CH-QLQ Emotional Function, an increase of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.22 to 2.20).Conclusions PSEQ was not an effective predictor of outcome. However, change of short-term PSEQ mediated all outcomes, albeit minimally. Future behavioural therapy for chronic migraine may need to consider how to achieve larger, and more sustained increases level of self-efficacy than that achieved within the CHESS trial.Trial registration ISRCTN79708100.
Differentiating Diffuse Electron Scattering in Complex FCC Alloys via Fluctuation and Correlation Mapping
Authors: Krogstad Jessica , Kung Po-Cheng , Zuo Jian-Min , Feng Rui , Liaw Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Complex face-centered-cubic (FCC) alloys often exhibit chemical short-range ordering (CSRO), detectable by diffuse scattering. However, diffuse scattering can have multiple sources that are challenging to differentiate from CSRO by traditional methods. This led to debates on the origin of diffuse-scattering signals, e.g. at 1/3{422} and 1/2{311} positions. Here, we propose a novel method based on Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM) to investigate diffuse-scattering signals in complex FCC alloys by fluctuation and correlation analysis. We apply this method to a solution-treated (CrCoNi)93Al4Ti2Nb medium entropy alloy (MEA) and demonstrate the first experimental evidences of diffuse-scattering signals originated from CSRO with directional partial ordering, nanoscale planar defects, and an universal homogeneous source whose signals coincide with planar defects. The principles of the fluctuation and correlation analysis of diffuse scattering are general and applicable to any complex FCC alloy systems, offering valuable insights on the microstructure and CSRO behavior of these materials.
Development of an photoacoustic-based radiomics nomogram to preoperatively predict Ki-67 expression level in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Wang Mengyun , Huang Zhibin , Wu Huaiyu , Mo Sijie , Zheng Jing , Luo Hui , Chen Jing , Tang Shuzhen , Li Guoqiu , Yin Yunqing , Chen Zhijie , Xu Jinfeng , Dong Fajin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to develop and validate a radiomic nomogram utilizing photoacoustic imaging to predict Ki-67 status in breast cancer patients.
Methods
A retrospective analysis included 223 breast cancer patients diagnosed between October 2022 and October 2023. Patients underwent multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging and Ki-67 detection. Random allocation into training (n = 178) and test sets (n = 45) followed an 8:2 ratio. Tumor regions were outlined, and radiomic features were extracted from both photoacoustic and ultrasound images. Feature screening involved independent samples t-tests and the least absolute shrinkage with selection operator (LASSO). Rad-Score was computed for each radiomic score, and logistic regression integrated Rad-Score with clinical risk factors to construct the nomogram. Comparative analysis between nomogram models of the two images was performed. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves.
Results
In both cohorts, the nomogram model outperformed clinical and radiomic models. In the test cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) for photoacoustic and ultrasound-based nomogram models were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.69–0.89) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67–0.86), respectively, indicating superior performance of the photoacoustic-based nomogram in predicting Ki-67 expression. DCA further demonstrated the clinical utility of the model.
Conclusions
The nomogram model based on photoacoustic radiomics shows promise as a potential tool for predicting Ki-67 levels in breast cancer.
Previously hidden landslide processes revealed using distributed acoustic sensing with nanostrain-rate sensitivity
Authors: Ouellet Susanne , Dettmer Jan , Lato Matthew , Cole Steve , Hutchinson D. , Karrenbach Martin , Dashwood Ben , Chambers Jonathan , Crickmore Roger 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Landslides can sometimes creep for decades before undergoing runaway acceleration and experiencing catastrophic failure. Observing and monitoring the evolution of strain in time and space is crucial to understand landslide processes, including the transition from slow to fast movement. However, the limited spatial or temporal resolution of existing landslide monitoring instrumentation limits the study of these processes. We present a method employing distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) strain data below 1 Hertz frequency over a three-day period of rainfall and quantify strain-rate changes at meter and sub-minute scales. The results reveal rainfall-triggered landslide processes, beginning with the onset of near-surface strain changes at the head scarp. Strain acceleration at a developing rupture zone, retrogression towards the scarp and flow-lobe activity is observed as the rainfall continues. The DAS-inferred processes with displacements of less than 0.5 mm are undetected using other landslide monitoring techniques. Our method illuminates landslide processes occurring with nanostrain-rate sensitivity at spatiotemporal resolution previously not possible.
The Investigation of Somatostatin Receptors as a Potential Target in Breast Phyllodes Tumours
Authors: Mickler Hande Süer , Erkan Murat Mert 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) constitute a family of G protein-coupled receptors that modulate hormonal secretion and regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis upon binding with somatostatin or its synthetic analogues. SSTRs are expressed in most neuroendocrine neoplasms, particularly in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, and have been utilized as diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets. The radioiodinated somatostatin analogue 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid- Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) has been employed for SSTR-targeting for either diagnostic or therapeutic purposes depending on the labelling with 68Gallium or 177Lutetium, respectively.
SSTR expression is reported in a subset of breast adenocarcinoma and breast neuroendocrine carcinomas; however, minimal knowledge exists regarding their expression in fibroepithelial (biphasic) breast lesions such as fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumours. Aggressive ends of the spectrum, i.e. “cystosarcoma phyllodes” may present a management challenge with recurrences and metastases. In this exploratory study, we investigated both gene and protein expression of SSTR in fibroepithelial lesions of the breast. Our findings reveal that both fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumours express SSTRs. Immunohistochemical analyses suggested that this expression is in the stromal, not epithelial, component by demonstrating that SSTR is predominantly expressed in the areas overlapping with α-smooth muscle actin-positive myoepithelial cells around blood vessels and capillary structures. This study is the first in the literature to demonstrate SSTR positivity in mammary fibroepithelial neoplasms., In a patient undergoing a gallium scan, which is widely used in clinical practice, if a positive lesion is discovered in the breast, the possibility of a fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumour needs to be considered. Once validated, these findings may also have significant implications for the management of these tumours.
Apolipoprotein-A1 transports and regulates MMP2 in the blood
Authors: Sarker Hassan , Panigrahi Rashmi , Lopez-Campistrous Ana , McMuellen Todd , Reyes Ken , Anderson Elena , Krishnan Vidhya , Hernandez-Anzaldo Samuel , Glover J N Mark , Hardy Eugenio , Fernandez-Patron Carlos 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Synthesized in the liver and intestines, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and transports cholesterol from peripheral organs to the liver. This interorgan communication strategy may protect against atherogenesis by sequestering cholesterol from atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we found that ApoA1 has high affinity for the catalytic groove and fibronectin-like repeats of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), the most abundant MMP in human blood. In healthy humans and ApoA1-expressing mice, we found that MMP2 is associated with ApoA1 in HDL. We confirmed the ApoA1/MMP2 interactions using five orthogonal interaction proteomics assays. Strikingly, we found that Apoa1 can allosterically increase the proteolytic activity of MMP2—an effect not observed in ApoA1-deficient plasma from ApoA1 KO mice. This finding was not predictable, as MMP2 was not previously known to be an allosteric enzyme. Using a high-confidence artificial intelligence (AlfaFold)-based structural model of the ApoA1/MMP2 complex, we explain how ApoA1 binds and allosterically regulates MMP2. We suggest that ApoA1 sequesters MMP2 in the blood circulation and redistributes it to ApoA1 target organs, such as the liver. This interorgan communication mechanism is independent of canonical reverse cholesterol transport by ApoA1/HDL and may prevent MMP2-mediated rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Graphical Abstract
A Study of the incidence of early complications after general anesthesia in thyroid surgery patients at Damascus Hospital
Authors: Alakabani Marah Nasser , Eid Lujain Mousa , Ali Diaa Haj , Rakmani Najwa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
Anesthesia is one of the vital and very important procedures in surgeries, as it helps to relieve pain and reduce stress on the body during surgery, which helps to improve surgical results and reduce the risk of infection. Postoperative throat pain is common, especially after general anesthesia, as endotracheal intubation is associated with a risk of postoperative throat pain, which is more common than when using supraglottic airway openers or a face mask. Thyroid surgeries are associated with many potential surgical complications, with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis resulting in unilateral hoarseness, aphonia, and stridor.
Research Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study (COHORT) was conducted from April 2023 to November 2023 including patients attending the Department of General Surgery who had undergone thyroid surgery under general anesthesia in Damascus Hospital, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. A paper questionnaire was conducted and patients visiting the General Surgery Department in Damascus Hospital were followed up during the period of conducting the research. Accordingly, the questionnaire was filled out and the data was reviewed under the supervision of the research supervisor.
Results
The sample included 110 patients, of which 9 were excluded, leaving us with 101 cases on which research and statistics were conducted. 95% were females and only 5% were males. Participants are classified into three groups, with the age group (40–60) years representing the majority at 49.5% (mean 42.7 years). The data was distributed according to 3 categories according to TSH, T4, and T3 values

into normal, high, and low. It was found that 84.2% of individuals had normal TSH values, 89.1% of individuals had normal T4 values, and 59.4% of individuals had normal T3 values. Regarding the type of surgery performed, Research and statistics showed that 84.2% of patients underwent total thyroidectomy, mostly because of multi-nodular goiter (enlarged thyroid gland), with a rate of 86.1%. we also studied the relationship between complications, endotracheal tube diameter, and the duration of surgery
Conclusion
It is necessary to use small endotracheal tubes as much as possible and shorten the duration of the surgical procedure as much as possible.
Strategy of Finance Service Development in the Field of Collecting and Recycling Solid Municipal Waste in Regions of the Russins Federation
Authors: Garnova A. A. 
Published: January 2024

An acute problem facing today’s society is collecting and recycling solid municipal waste (SMW). The author studies this problem on the basis of the growing speculative factor dealing with enormous amount of poorly used SMW and shortage of budget funds for their efficient management and recycling. The goal of the article is to work out effective strategies to raise investment to this field and to raise finance stability of the system of SMW collecting and recycling. To reach this goal the author proposes to analyze the current condition of the industry, study best practices of international and Russian companies and identify hindrances and challenges that bar the development of finance services in the sector. It should be mentioned that successful development of finance services in the field of SMW collecting and recycling requires a complex approach including not only elaboration of new finance mechanisms but instructing people for principles of separate collecting and recycling waste and upgrading technologies of SMW recycling and utilization.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Targeting Stress Markers
Authors: Katiyar Deepti , Manish  
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
When the body experiences a change in its internal environment due to
factors such as mood (euphoria, stress) and illness, it releases biomarkers in large quantities. These
biomarkers are used for detecting a disease at its early stages. This involves the detection of
insufficient quantities of biocomponents, which can be done by using nanomaterials, conventional
materials, and biotechnology; thus, scientists can increase the sensitivity of electrochemical
sensors. According to studies conducted in this area, electrochemical sensors have shown promise
as a diagnostic tool due to their ability to identify and pinpoint illness biomarkers. The present
review article was compiled to gather the latest information on electrochemical biosensors targeting
stress markers.

Materials and Methods:
The authors searched scholarly databases like ScienceDirect, Pubmed,
Medline, and Scopus for information on electrochemical biosensors targeting stress markers.

Results:
In this article, we looked at the recent developments in electrochemical sensors for stress
monitoring. Because of advances in nanomaterial and biomolecule processes, electrochemical
biosensors have been developed with the sensitivity to detect several biomarkers in real-time in
therapeutically relevant materials.

Conclusion:
This biomarker sensor strategy can analyze various biofluids (sweat, plasma, urine,
and saliva).
Treatment Advances in Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Metastasis
Authors: Meng Yuan , Zhu Meiying , Yang Jie , Wang Xuerui , Liang Yangyueying , Yu Minghui , Li Longhui , Kong Fanming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a serious and often fatal complication in patients
with advanced lung cancer, resulting in significant neurological deficits, decreased quality of life,
and a poor prognosis.

:
This article summarizes current research advances in treating lung cancer with meningeal metastases,
discusses clinical challenges, and explores treatment strategies.

:
Through an extensive review of relevant clinical trial reports and screening of recent conference
abstracts, we collected clinical data on treating patients with lung cancer with meningeal metastases
to provide an overview of the current research progress.

:
Exciting progress has been made by focusing on specific mutations within lung cancer, including
the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors or inhibitors for anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement,
such as osimertinib, alectinib, and lorlatinib. These targeted therapies have shown impressive
results in penetrating the central nervous system (CNS). Regarding whole-brain radiotherapy,
there is currently some controversy among investigators regarding its effect on survival. Additionally,
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated reliable clinical benefits due to
their ability to retain anticancer activity in CNS metastases. Moreover, combination therapy
shows promise in providing further treatment possibilities.

:
Considerable progress has been made in the clinical research of lung cancer with LM. However,
the sample size of prospective clinical trials investigating LM for lung cancer is still limited, with
most reports being retrospective. Developing more effective management protocols for metastatic
LM in lung cancer remains an ongoing challenge for the future.
Endobronchial Tuberculosis in an HIV-positive Case
Authors: Gegin Savaş , Özdemir Burcu , Günal Özgür , Topal Şeyma , Uzun Çiğdem , Özdemir Levent 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Tuberculosis is an opportunist infection that is fatal and most frequently
seen in HIV-positive patients due to immunosuppression. Endobronchial lesions can portray
symptoms in different ways. Endobronchial Tuberculosis is one of these lesions.

Case Report:
An HIV-positive, untreated 26-year-old patient with fever, cough, and dyspnea consulted
our clinic. In the chest X-ray taken, effusion on the right side and non-homogeneous density
increase in the middle and upper lobes, bilaterally more prominent on the right side, were observed.
Therefore, the patient underwent bronchoscopy because the CT (computerized tomography)
showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy (LAP) and an endobronchial lesion in the left main
bronchus. During bronchoscopy, a vegetative endobronchial lesion that causes obstruction in the
left main bronchus was monitored. With the help of Pathology and PCR results, endobronchial
tuberculosis was diagnosed.

Conclusion:
Even if Acid-alcohol-resistant Bacillus (ARB) is detected negative in patients who
stop responding to antimicrobial treatment and are being monitored under radiological scanning, a
distinctive diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis should be kept in mind while performing
bronchoscopy.
A Review on Synthetic Thiazole Derivatives as an Antimalarial Agent
Authors: Kalita Tutumoni , Choudhury Ankita , Shakya Anshul , Ghosh Surajit Kumar , Singh Udaya Pratap , Bhat Hans Raj 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Thiazole is a widely studied core structure in heterocyclic chemistry and has
proven to be a valuable scaffold in medicinal chemistry. The presence of thiazole in both naturally
occurring and synthetic pharmacologically active compounds demonstrates the adaptability of these
derivatives.

Methods:
The current study attempted to review and compile the contributions of numerous researchers
over the last 20 years to the medicinal importance of these scaffolds, with a primary focus on
antimalarial activity. The review is based on an extensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier,
and other renowned journal sites for a thorough literature survey involving various research and
review articles.

Results:
A comprehensive review of the antimalarial activity of the thiazole scaffold revealed potential
therapeutic targets in Plasmodium species. Furthermore, the correlation of structure-activity-relationship
(SAR) studies from various articles suggests that the thiazole ring has therapeutic potential.

Conclusion:
This article intends to point researchers in the right direction for developing potential
thiazole-based compounds as antimalarial agents in the future.
Malic Acid as a Green Catalyst for the N-Boc Protection under
Solvent-free Condition
Authors: Pise Ashok , Patil Shripad M. , Ingale Ajit P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
A protocol for the Chemoselective N-Boc protection of various types of amines has been
developed. This includes heteroaryl, aliphatic, and alicyclic amines. The process makes use of malic
acid as a catalyst and operates efficiently at ambient temperature without the need for solvents. This
technique has been proven to effectively protect a wide range of functionalized amines containing
both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. The benefits of this method include its
fast reaction rate, high selectivity, excellent yield, catalyst recyclability, and environmentally friendly
conditions.