bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of atopic dermatitis: Recently approved drugs and advanced clinical development programs
Authors: Müller Svenja , Maintz Laura , Bieber Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) represents the most common skin disease characterized by heterogeneous endophenotypes and a high disease burden. In Europe, six new systemic therapies for AD have been approved: the biologics dupilumab (anti‐interleukin‐4 receptor (IL‐4R) α in 2017), tralokinumab (anti‐IL‐13 in 2021), lebrikizumab (anti‐IL‐13 in 2023), and the oral janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKi) targeting JAK1/2 (baricitinib in 2020 in the EU) or JAK1 (upadacitinib in 2021 and abrocitinib in 2022). Herein, we give an update on new approvals, long‐term safety, and efficacy. Upadacitinib and abrocitinib have the highest short‐term efficacy among the approved systemic therapies. In responders, dupilumab and tralokinumab catch up regarding long‐term efficacy and incremental clinical benefit within continuous use. Recently, the European Medicines Agency has released recommendations for the use of JAKi in patients at risk (cardiovascular and thromboembolic diseases, malignancies, (former) smoking, and age ≥65 years). Furthermore, we give an overview on emerging therapies currently in Phase III trials. Among the topical therapies, tapinarof (aryl hydrocarbon receptor), ruxolitinib (JAK1/2i), delgocitinib (pan‐JAKi), asivatrep (anti‐transient receptor potential vanilloid), and phosphodiesterase‐4‐inhibitors (roflumilast, difamilast) are discussed. Among systemic therapies, current data on cord‐blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, CM310 (anti IL‐4Rα), nemolizumab (anti‐IL‐31RA), anti‐OX40/OX40L‐antibodies, neurokinin‐receptor‐1‐antagonists, and difelikefalin (κ‐opioid‐R) are reported.
Blindness is decreasing among children born preterm during the last four decades in Denmark
Authors: Al‐Abaiji Hajer A. , Nissen Kamilla , Slidsborg Carina , La Cour Morten , Kessel Line 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeChildren born preterm are believed to be at increased risk of visual impairment (VI). The increased survival rate of extremely preterm children may have changed the spectrum of diseases occurring postnatally. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and causes of VI in an ex‐preterm Danish population during the last 4 decades.MethodsThe study was based on the National Register of Blind and Visually Impaired Children (NRVIC). Ex‐preterms born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks and enrolled in NRVIC at any time between 1988 and 2020 were included. The main cause of VI, the severity of VI and systemic comorbidities were analysed for temporal changes.ResultsA total of 335 patients were included. The prevalence of VI decreased from 26/1000 preterm children in the 1980s to 15/1000 in 2000s. Blindness due to preterm birth is almost eliminated affecting 1/1000 today. Sequelae to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was the most common cause of VI (51% of cases) in the 1980s but decreased to 34% in 2010s, whereas non‐ocular causes of VI increased from 1% to 36%, respectively. More than half of the children (64%) had combined comorbidities and 36% had isolated VI.ConclusionThe improved monitoring in neonatal intensive care units and management of ROP has reduced the prevalence of severe VI due to ROP and almost eliminated blindness over the last decades in Denmark. However, preterm children are still at risk of non‐ocular causes of VI and comorbidities following the premature delivery.
Systematic review: Clinical phenotypes, histopathological features and prognosis of enteropathy due to angiotensin II receptor blockers
Authors: Schiepatti Annalisa , Minerba Paolo , Puricelli Michele , Maimaris Stiliano , Arpa Giovanni , Biagi Federico , Sanders David S. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundAlthough enteropathy due to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) has been known for over 10 years, clinicians' awareness of this condition is still low.AimsTo systematically review the literature about clinical phenotypes, distribution of mucosal changes throughout the gastrointestinal tract and prognosis of enteropathy due to ARBs.MethodsAccording to PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase for relevant articles up to November 6, 2023. We included full‐text papers, letters, case reports and case series describing enteropathy due to ARBs. Patients were classified into subgroups based on endoscopic and histological findings of different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TK67C).ResultsWe included 94 articles reporting 183 cases (101 female, mean age at diagnosis 69 ± 10 years). The clinical picture at diagnosis was characterised by severe diarrhoea (97%) and weight loss (84%, median −13 kg), leading to hospital admission in 167 (95%) patients. Olmesartan (90%) was most frequently implicated. Villous atrophy (VA) was reported in 164/183 (89%) patients. One hundred and nine had only VA, 12 had pan‐gastrointestinal involvement, 23 had VA and gastric involvement and 19 had VA and colon involvement (predominantly microscopic colitis). Outcomes were reported for 178/183 (97%) patients, who all recovered clinically on ARBs withdrawal. Histological recovery occurred in all 96 patients with VA at baseline who underwent follow‐up duodenal biopsy.ConclusionsEnteropathy due to ARBs is characterised by severe malabsorption often requiring hospital admission and can involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Clinician awareness can lead to prompt diagnosis and excellent prognosis.
Comparison of 1‐day versus 3‐day intravenous terlipressin in cirrhosis patients with variceal bleeding: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vaishnav Manas , Biswas Sagnik , Shenoy Abhishek , Pathak Piyush , Anand Abhinav , Swaroop Shekhar , Aggrawal Arnav , Arora Umang , Elhence Anshuman , Jagannath Soumya , Gunjan Deepak , Kedia Saurabh , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Nayak Baibaswata , Garg Pramod , Shalimar  
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundIn cirrhosis patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB), the optimal duration of vasoconstrictor therapy after endoscopic haemostasis is unclear.AimsWe aimed to compare efficacy of 1‐day versus 3‐day terlipressin therapy in cirrhosis patients with AVB post‐endoscopic intervention. The primary objective was to compare rebleeding at 5 days between the two arms. Secondary objectives included rebleeding and mortality rates at 6 weeks.MethodsIn this open‐label, randomised controlled trial, cirrhosis patients with AVB were randomised to either 1‐day or 3‐day terlipressin therapy.ResultsA total of 150 cirrhosis patients with AVB were recruited to receive either 1 day (n = 75) or 3 days (n = 75) of terlipressin therapy. One patient from 1‐day arm was excluded. Modified intention‐to‐treat analysis included 149 patients. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Rebleeding at 5 days: 3 (4.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4–9.0) versus 4 (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.0–10.0), risk difference (RD) p = 0.726 and 5‐day mortality rates: 1 (1.4%; 95% CI: 0–7.3) versus 1 (1.3%; 95% CI: 0.2–7.0), RD p = 0.960 were similar. Rebleeding at 42 days: 9 (12.2%; 95% CI: 7.0–20.0) versus 10 (13.3%; 95% CI: 7.0–20.0), RD p = 0.842 and mortality at 42 days: 5 (6.8%; 95% CI: 3.0–10.0) versus 4 (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.0–10.0), RD p = 0.704 were also similar. Patients in the 1‐day terlipressin therapy arm experienced significantly fewer adverse effects compared with those receiving 3 days of terlipressin therapy: 28 (37.8%) versus 42 (56%), p = 0.026.ConclusionsOur results suggest that 1 day of terlipressin therapy is associated with similar 5‐day and 42‐day rebleeding rates, 42‐day mortality and an overall superior safety profile compared with 3‐day of terlipressin therapy. These findings require to be validated in double‐blinded, larger, multiethnic and multicentre studies across the various stages of cirrhosis (CTRI/2019/10/021771).
Consultants as discreet corporate change agents for sustainability: Transforming organizations from the outside‐in
Authors: Gond Jean‐Pascal , Brès Luc , Mosonyi Szilvia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite their central role in the construction and development of the market for virtues as well as in the design, implementation, and evaluation of corporate sustainability strategies and governmental sustainability policies, sustainability consultants remain at best “hidden” corporate change agents. In this paper, we bring sustainability consultants back to the fore to account for how these actors discreetly regulate and shape contemporary sustainability transformations from the outside‐in. We do so first by unpacking various roles of consultants as engineers, market builders, power vehicles, boundary workers, issue translators, and soft regulators; then we conceptualize how, through these roles, they contribute to empowering, legitimizing but also potentially supplanting and undermining the activities of corporate change agents operating inside corporations. We finally propose some research orientations for studying further the role of sustainability consultants in corporate transformations toward sustainability.
Endemic island plant–herbivore interactions: Kamehameha butterfly (Nymphalidae) and Hawaiian Urticaceae
Authors: Bogner Kari K. , Haines William P. , Kim Jorma , Drake Donald R. , Barton Kasey E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInsect–plant interactions are less well studied than other types of herbivory on islands, precluding a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary ecology of these interactions. Declines in native island plants and insects call for urgent attention to characterize these species' interactions for their conservation and to better understand evolution in these unique, insular ecosystems. In Hawai‘i, the Kamehameha butterfly (Vanessa tameamea) is one of only two native butterflies, and larvae are specialists on native urticaceous plants. Using a no‐choice bioassay, we investigated performance of V. tameamea reared from egg hatching through eclosion on four native urticaceous host plants, Boehmeria grandis, Pipturus albidus, Touchardia latifolia, and Touchardia oahuensis, and one exotic urticaceous species, Cecropia obtusifolia. Performance varied significantly among the plant diets, with V. tameamea performing best on P. albidus and T. oahuensis among the performance metrics of survival, pupal and adult body mass, and development time. Larval responses to the exotic host plant C. obtusifolia varied among populations, with O‘ahu caterpillars successfully completing development on it, but Hawai‘i Island caterpillars rejecting it completely, suggesting a geographic mosaic for this novel species interaction. Characterization of a suite of nutritive and defensive plant traits revealed significant variability among plant species, but patterns did not align well with V. tameamea performance rankings, making it difficult to identify key drivers of host plant quality. Future work examining additional plant traits under natural conditions would provide new insights, contributing critical ecological information to conserve this charismatic island species.
Prevalence and incidence of hand eczema in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yüksel Yasemin T. , Symanzik Cara , Christensen Maria O. , Olesen Caroline M. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Skudlik Christoph , John Swen M. , Agner Tove , Brans Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHealthcare workers (HCWs) are considered a high‐risk group for developing hand eczema (HE), mainly owing to wet work and contact with allergens at work. To meta‐analyse the prevalence and incidence of HE in HCWs, as well as mapping the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) and HE severity in HCWs. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses 2020 guidelines. Published literature from 2000 to 2022 was eligible based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 18 studies were included. Pooled life‐time, 1‐year and point prevalence of self‐reported HE in HCWs was 33.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.3–38.6), 27.4% (95% CI: 19.3–36.5) and 13.5% (95% CI: 9.3–18.4), respectively. AD prevalence was 15.4% (95% CI: 11.3–19.9). Overall, the majority of HCWs reported mild HE. One included study assessed HE incidence reporting 34 cases/1000 person years. Most studies scored low‐moderate using the New Ottawa Scale and the pooled point prevalence data showed broad CIs. In conclusion, the high prevalence of HE in HCWs underlines the increased risk and need for preventive measures for this professional group. There is, however, a need of further standardized high‐quality studies.
O‐HEALTH‐EDU: A viewpoint into the current state of Oral Health Professional education in Europe: Part 1: Programme‐level data
Authors: Dixon Jonathan , Field James , Vital Sibylle , van Harten Maria , Roger‐Leroi Valerie , Davies Julia , Manzanares‐Cespedes Maria‐Cristina , Akota Ilze , Murphy Denis , Paganelli Corrado , Gerber Gabor , Quinn Barry , Tubert‐Jeannin Stephanie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCurrent legislation leaves Oral Health Professional (OHP) education open to wide interpretation and may result in significant variation in educational practice and resultant professional attributes across Europe. Data regarding the current state of OHP education across Europe is limited. The aim of Part 1 of this series is to provide programme‐level data for Primary Dental Degree Programmes, Dental Hygiene and Postgraduate Education.MethodsA 91‐item questionnaire was developed following the Delphi method. The questionnaire and the Articulate glossary of OHP education terms were developed concurrently to facilitate a common understanding of language. Piloting was performed in multiple stages and included institutions internal and external to the research group. The questionnaire was uploaded online and converted to a data hub, allowing dental schools to control their own data and update the data provided whenever they wish. All ADEE member schools (n = 144) were invited to provide data. Forty questions relating to school details, Primary Dental Degree Programmes, Dental Hygiene and Postgraduate Education were included in this part of the series.ResultsSeventy‐one institutions from 25 European countries provided data between June 2021 and April 2023, which represents a response rate of 49.3% of ADEE members. Programme‐level data for Primary Dental Degree Programmes, Dental Hygiene and Postgraduate Education is presented including programme length, funding, languages and fees, student numbers and demographics, student admission and selection processes and permission to practice after graduation.ConclusionThis series of papers, as far as the authors are aware, are the first attempts to build a comprehensive picture of the current state of OHP education in Europe. A comprehensive view of the state of OHP education in Europe is not yet available but the O‐Health‐Edu data hub provides a means for all education providers in Europe to contribute data to reach this goal. It is anticipated that the data hub will be updated and built upon over time to continually establish a clearer picture of the state of OHP education in Europe.
Cultural diversity and regional innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Mengmeng , Yu Yixiang , Ye Jingjing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe cultural diversity brought by migrants has attracted widespread interest in recent years. This paper investigates the relationship between migrant cultural diversity and regional innovation by constructing panel data of provincial migrant cultural diversity and combining them with invention applications data from China's State Intellectual Property Office. The empirical results show that the migrant cultural diversity, measured by migrant's hukou and dialect respectively, has a positive impact on regional innovation. The effect still holds after a series of robustness tests and addressing endogeneity issues. Furthermore, the further analysis implies that the effects of the migrant cultural diversity in workers aged from 30 to 50, engaged in an innovative occupation, working in high market‐competitiveness or inclusive provinces are more pronounced. Our study supplements the current research on the relationship between migrant cultural diversity and regional innovation.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is not associated with the emergence of monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Simonini Cecilia , Natali Patrizia , Pirotti Tommaso , Nasillo Vincenzo , Riva Giovanni , Chester Johanna , Trenti Tommaso , Debbia Daria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundUpon infection activated plasma cells produce large quantities of antibodies which can lead to the emergence of a monoclonal component (MC), detectable by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). This study aims to investigate any correlation between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and MC development and, if identified, whether it persists during follow‐up.MethodsSPEPs of 786 patients admitted to hospitals between March 01 2020 and March 31 2022 were evaluated. Positive (SARS‐CoV‐2+) and negative (SARS‐CoV‐2−) patients to nasopharyngeal swab for SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐PCR were included. The persistence/new occurrence of MC was investigated for all patients during follow‐up. Patient groups were compared by chi‐square analysis.ResultsMC was identified in 12% of all patients admitted to hospital, of which 28.7% were SARS‐CoV‐2+. The most common immunoglobulin isotype in both groups was IgG‐k. There was no correlation between MC development and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (p = 0.173). Furthermore, the risk of MC persistence in SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative patients was revealed to be higher than in the SARS‐CoV‐2+ at follow‐up (HR = 0.591, p = 0.05).ConclusionsOur study suggests that the detection of MC during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is most likely due to the hyperstimulation of the humoral immune system, as also occurs in other viral infections.
Unlocking cementitious performance: nano‐lubrication via polycarboxylate superplasticizers
Authors: Wang Muhan , Ji Xiang , Manzano Hegoi , Hou Dongshuai , Li Zongjin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolycarboxylate (PCE) superplasticizers are the most important additive in concrete, which can effectively improve the workability of cement slurry. Different from the traditional regarding of PCEs as dispersants, here, we understand the PCEs as nano‐lubricants. By employing the molecular dynamics simulation, a sophisticated model was used to evaluate the interfacial friction between the C–S–H particles. The results reveal that the PCEs can reduce the interfacial friction between the C–S–H particles, and thus increase the fluidity of cement slurry. Further analyses infer the role of PCE segments in lubrication. The carboxylates on PCEs ensure the anchoring and hinder the separation of Ca ions. The side chains are used to lubricate the C–S–H surface, due to the weak adsorption between the side chains and the C–S–H surface. Predictably, this study not only provides a method to directly evaluate the performance of PCEs but also suggests new insights into the colloid dispersion of the low‐water content system.
Research on the relationship between nurses' compliance with standard precautions, servant leadership and emotional exhaustion: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Du Xin , Song Yang , Wang Huan , Chen Wen , Wang Lei , Feng Xue , Zhang Xi , Song Caiping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to analyse the effects of servant leadership on nurses' emotional failure and compliance with standard precautions and to explore the moderating effect of individual resilience.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted from October 9 to November 1, 2022. The convenience sampling method was used to collect questionnaire data from 924 clinical nurses in a third‐class general hospital in Chongqing, China.ResultsThe emotional exhaustion and compliance with standard precautions were at the general level. Servant leadership mediated by emotional exhaustion had a significant positive predictive effect on compliance with standard precautions. Personal resilience played a negative moderating role in the relationship between servant leadership and emotional exhaustion. For nurses with low resilience, servant leadership had a greater impact on emotional exhaustion.ConclusionThe current compliance with standard precautions for clinical nurses is not high due to emotional exhaustion. The level of servant leadership can alleviate nurses' emotional exhaustion and improve compliance with standard precautions. Especially for nurses with low personal resilience, the care and support of department leaders are needed.ImpactWe found that the compliance with standard precautions is not high, and the link between emotional exhaustion, servant leadership and compliance with standard precautions provides a basis for further patient care.No Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement.Impact StatementNurses are the key population for hospital infection prevention and control, and their level of compliance with standard precautions is of great significance for hospital infection prevention and control. However, in practice, nurses' compliance with standard precautions is generally low. Most of the previous studies on nurses' compliance with standard precautions were conducted from the perspective of individual nurses, based on the staff's ‘knowledge, belief, and action’ to study the current status of compliance with standard precautions and the factors affecting adherence, with less attention paid to the influence of psychological, environmental, and organizational factors. Therefore, the study focuses on the impact of servant leadership and emotional exhaustion on standard precautionary adherence, which is of great significance for good care management at the organizational level. It also explored how the impact of servant leadership on emotional exhaustion varies across levels of resilience, which is important for accurately identifying different types of nursing staff and targeting assistance.