bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eyespot variation and field temperature in the Meadow Brown butterfly
Authors: Mowbray Sophie , Bennie Jonathan , Rhodes Marcus W. , Smith David A. S. , ffrench‐Constant Richard H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince the classic work of E.B. Ford, explanations for eyespot variation in the Meadow Brown butterfly have focused on the role of genetic polymorphism. The potential role of thermal plasticity in this classic example of natural selection has therefore been overlooked. Here, we use large daily field collections of butterflies from three sites, over multiple years, to examine whether field temperature is correlated with eyespot variation, using the same presence/absence scoring as Ford. We show that higher developmental temperature in the field leads to the disappearance of the spots visible while the butterfly is at rest, explaining the historical observation that hindwing spotting declines across the season. Strikingly, females developing at 11°C have a median of six spots and those developing at 15°C only have three. In contrast, the large forewing eyespot is always present and scales with forewing length. Furthermore, in contrast to the smaller spots, the size of the large forewing spot is best explained by calendar date (days since 1st March) rather than the temperature at pupation. As this large forewing spot is involved in startling predators and/or sexual selection, its constant presence is therefore likely required for defence, whereas the disappearance of the smaller spots over the season may help with female crypsis. We model annual total spot variation with phenological data from the UK and derive predictions as to how spot patterns will continue to change, predicting that female spotting will decrease year on year as our climate warms.
Ecosystem functions of plant diversity: Comparisons from a large‐scale marsh restoration experiment in California, USA
Authors: Shikuzawa Jenna , Watson Elizabeth B. , Tanner Karen , Wilburn Brittany , Fork Susanne K. , Larson Sophia , Fountain Monique C. , Thomsen Alexandra , Wasson Kerstin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough the promotion of biodiversity has been recognized as an important conservation goal, salt marsh restoration typically focuses on reestablishing dominant foundation species. Salt marsh restoration projects that add or remove sediment to optimize marsh elevation often result in a bare landscape following construction. Restoration managers must decide whether to plant and, if so, which species. This decision can be difficult because few studies have examined the ecological functions of individual species, especially those that are less abundant. Within a major salt marsh restoration project in Elkhorn Slough, California, where 17,000 plants of five high marsh species were planted, we investigated how rarer species and the naturally recruiting dominant (Salicornia pacifica) differ in ecosystem function. We evaluated 31 different metrics related to blue carbon, plant productivity, environmental effects, and community interactions. No single species had the greatest ecological function across this suite of metrics, and measured effects were mainly independent, with only 16 of 435 pairwise comparisons revealing a strong correlation. We found significant differences among species for 18 metrics, revealing key contrasts in ecosystem function, with significant effects of marsh elevation and interaction between effects of species and elevation on some of these functions. S. pacifica scored highest for metrics such as recruitment and canopy height but other species outperformed Salicornia in other metrics. Frankenia salina had the greatest ecological function in the highest number of metrics, including cover and belowground biomass carbon content, but other species had higher rates of photosynthesis and harbored fewer individuals of invasive arthropods. We recommend planting a suite of less common species at restoration sites to provide more diverse functions across the landscape. F. salina in particular is recommended for its tolerance of hypersalinity and low moisture conditions. Our demonstration of the value of complementing restoration of the dominant foundation species with restoration of less common species is applicable to restoration of other ecosystems beyond salt marshes. The approach we implemented, evaluating a large suite of functions for multiple species across a restored landscape, can serve as a model for investigations of the importance of biodiversity for enhancing multifunctionality in other restored ecosystems.
Pre‐emptive treatment of heart failure exacerbations in patients managed with the HeartLogic™ algorithm
Authors: Garcia Rodrigue , Gras Daniel , Mansourati Jacques , Defaye Pascal , Bisson Arnaud , Boveda Serge , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Gras Matthieu , Gueffet Jean‐Pierre , Himbert Caroline , Jacon Peggy , Khattar Pierre , Lequeux Benoit , Li Anthony , Mansourati Vincent , Minois Damien , Marijon Eloi , Pierre Bertrand , Probst Vincent , Degand Bruno ,   the HeartLogic™ France Cohort Study Investigators
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a chronic disease affecting 64 million people worldwide and places a severe burden on society because of its mortality, numerous re‐hospitalizations and associated costs. HeartLogic™ is an algorithm programmed into implanted devices incorporating several biometric parameters which aims to predict HF episodes. It provides an index which can be monitored remotely, allowing pre‐emptive treatment of congestion to prevent acute decompensation. We aim to assess the impact and security of pre‐emptive HF management, guided by the HeartLogic™ index.Methods and resultsThe HeartLogic™ France Cohort Study is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, multi‐centre, non‐randomized study. Three hundred ten patients with a history of HF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%; or at least one episode of clinical HF with elevated NT‐proBNP ≥450 ng/L) and implanted with a cardioverter defibrillator enabling HeartLogic™ index calculation will be included across 10 French centres. The HeartLogic™ index will be monitored remotely for 12 months and in the event of a HeartLogic™ index ≥16, the local investigator will contact the patient for assessment and adjust HF treatment as necessary. The primary endpoint is unscheduled hospitalization for HF. Secondary endpoints are all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death, HF‐related death, unscheduled hospitalizations for ventricular or atrial arrhythmia and HeartLogic™ index evolution over time. Blood samples will be collected for biobanking, and quality of life will be assessed. Finally, the safety of a HeartLogic™‐triggered strategy for initiating or increasing diuretic therapy will be assessed. A blind and independent committee will adjudicate the events.ConclusionsThe HeartLogic™ France Cohort Study will provide robust real‐world data in a cohort of HF patients managed with the HeartLogic™ algorithm allowing pre‐emptive treatment of heart failure exacerbations.
Total Synthesis of a Pancratistatin/Shikimic Acid Hybrid Analogue
Authors: Azubuike Darlington , Di Iulio Gemma A. , Caggiano Lorenzo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPancratistatin and structurally related narciclasine are natural products of great interest as they display potent and selective activities against various diseases. A concise synthesis of a functionalised pancratistatin framework, via a Heck reaction and subsequent cyclisation, is reported. The unfunctionalised model core of pancratistatin was synthesised from 1‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylic acid in two steps in 50 % yield. A modified route was then successfully applied to (−)‐shikimic acid to afford a novel pancratistatin/shikimic acid hybrid analogue that possesses three stereo‐defined hydroxyl groups in the C‐ring.
Feasibility study of the high‐temperature organic Rankine cycle in combined heat and power state from energy, exergy, and economic point of view
Authors: Ehyaei Mehdi Ali , Heberle Florian , Brüggemann Dieter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has received a lot of attention in recent years due to its wide application in energy recovery and the use of low‐temperature energy sources. In this article, the energy, exergy, and economic analyses of a high‐temperature ORC (HTORC) in combined heat and power production mode have been performed. In this system, the heating water at 90°C for domestic or industrial purposes is provided in the HTORC condenser. Two working fluids, hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) and siloxane mixture (MDM), have been evaluated and compared in HTORC. The system has been modeled in engineering equation solver software and key parameters such as energy efficiency and exergy of the system, output power, heat‐to‐power ratio, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) have been calculated. The energy and exergy efficiency of the system for the two working fluids MM and MDM are equal to 40.8%, 45.6%, 22.45%, and 19.3%, respectively. From the point of view of energy and exergy, the working fluid MM performs better. The LCOE of the system with MM working fluid is equal to 0.5946 US$/kWh, which is slightly higher than MDM working fluid (0.5702 US$/kWh).
Using additional roughness to characterize erosion control treatment effectiveness in roadside ditch lines
Authors: Alvis Amanda D. , Luce Charles H. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Black Thomas , Dieu Julie , Black Jenelle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractForest roadside ditch lines capture and redirect road runoff and typically have erosion control treatments installed therein. Existing methods used to determine the effectiveness of roadside ditch line erosion control treatments estimate fixed fractional reductions in sediment yield. However, fixed fractional reductions do not describe dependence on any measurable physical property of treatment, climate, and the environment. Here, we use additional flow roughness induced by erosion control treatments as a metric that can be used as the basis of estimating treatment effectiveness in varying contexts. We investigate its utility in small‐scale field experiments in western Washington. We measured the physical characteristics of each ditch (e.g., shape, soil texture, and slope) and flow velocities and sediment concentrations for each treatment under multiple experimental discharges. We then used the concept of shear stress partitioning to relate sediment yield from the ditch line erosion treatments to grain shear stress, which is a function of flow roughness (Manning's n) of the respective treatment. We found that (1) a given erosion control treatment produced consistent Manning's n values across multiple replications and sites, with a bare ditch (no treatment) yielding the lowest roughness (n = 0.05) and a densely wattled ditch yielding the highest roughness (n = 0.75); (2) sediment load and calculated grain shear stress data yielded a single positive relationship when data from each experiment were combined, which suggests the effect of additional roughness on grain shear stress is a main driver in the reduction of ditch line sediment load; and (3) in our dataset, fractional erosion reduction had a variable and nonlinear sensitivity to low flow rates (99% of observed flows) for lower roughnesses. Our results demonstrate how additional flow roughness can be used as a general metric to help evaluate the effectiveness of ditch line erosion control treatments for a variety of physical conditions.
Advancing work–life supportive contexts for the “haves” and “have nots”: Integrating supervisor training with work–life flexibility to impact exhaustion or engagement
Authors: Kossek Ellen Ernst , Porter Caitlin M. , Rosokha Lindsay Mechem , Wilson Kelly Schwind , Rupp Deborah E. , Law‐Penrose Jared 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmployers face many dilemmas in effectively implementing work–life flexibility to support employees' personal lives. A key issue is that some employees hold jobs with limited opportunities for work–life flexibility, making them susceptible to burnout; yet most employers believe they can do little to mitigate this dynamic. Furthermore, even when employees hold jobs with greater access to work–life flexibility, some do not take advantage of their flexibility to more fully engage in work and/or home roles. These issues are further exacerbated when supervisors are unsure of their role in supporting work–life flexibility. We identify work–life supportive context as a key factor that provides solutions to these dilemmas. Drawing on job demands resources theory, we posit that, when organizations provide work–life supportive training to supervisors, it promotes a work–life supportive context (i.e., signaling that the organization is supportive of employees' managing their work–life interface), which mitigates burnout for those with limited work–life flexibility and promotes engagement in work and home roles for those with greater work–life flexibility. Results from a year‐long randomized field experiment suggest that, in contexts with trained supervisors and lower employee control over work schedules and boundaries (i.e., lower work–life flexibility), emotional exhaustion is reduced. In contexts with trained supervisors and higher employee control over work boundaries (i.e., higher work–life flexibility), family engagement increases. Surprisingly, irrespective of job access to work‐life flexibility, supervisor participation in work–life support training did not enhance employee work engagement. Implications of our findings for fostering work–life supportive contexts are considered.
It takes one to know one—Machine learning for identifying OBGYN abstracts written by ChatGPT
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Meyer Raanan , Guigue Paul‐Adrien , Brezinov Yoav 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo use machine learning to optimize the detection of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT) ‐written abstracts of all OBGYN journals.MethodsWe used Web of Science to identify all original articles published in all OBGYN journals in 2022. Seventy‐five original articles were randomly selected. For each, we prompted ChatGPT to write an abstract based on the title and results of the original abstracts. Each abstract was tested by Grammarly software and reports were inserted into a database. Machine‐learning modes were trained and examined on the database created.ResultsOverall, 75 abstracts from 12 different OBGYN journals were randomly selected. There were seven (58%) Q1 journals, one (8%) Q2 journal, two (17%) Q3 journals, and two (17%) Q4 journals. Use of mixed dialects of English, absence of comma‐misuse, absence of incorrect verb forms, and improper formatting were important prediction variables of ChatGPT‐written abstracts. The deep‐learning model had the highest predictive performance of all examined models. This model achieved the following performance: accuracy 0.90, precision 0.92, recall 0.85, area under the curve 0.95.ConclusionsMachine‐learning‐based tools reach high accuracy in identifying ChatGPT‐written OBGYN abstracts.
Identification of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, vidofludimus, as a potent and novel inhibitor for influenza virus
Authors: Li Jiazhou , Takeda Midori , Imahatakenaka Mikiko , Ikeda Masanori 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) infection causes respiratory disease. Recently, infection of IAV H5N1 among mammals are reported in farmed mink. Therefore, to discover antivirals against IAV, we screened a compound library by using the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) assay system derived from H5N1 IAV including a drug‐resistant PA mutant (I38T) and a viral polymerase activity enhancing PB2 mutant (T271A). Upon screening, we found vidofludimus can be served as a potential inhibitor for IAV. Vidofludimus an orally active inhibitor for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme for the cellular de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. We found that vidofludimus exerted antiviral activity against wild‐type and drug‐resistant mutant IAV, with effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.10 and 2.11 μM, respectively. The anti‐IAV activity of vidofludimus was canceled by the treatment of uridine or cytidine through pyrimidine salvage synthesis pathway, or orotic acid through pyrimidine de novo synthesis pathway. This indicated that the main target of vidofludimus is DHODH in IAV RdRp expressing cells. We also produced recombinant seasonal IAV H1N1 virion and influenza B virus (IBV) RdRp assay system and confirmed vidofludimus also carried highly antiviral activity against seasonal IAV and IBV. Vidofludimus is a candidate drug for the future threat of IAV H5N1 infection among humans as well as seasonal influenza virus infection.
Vertical mother‐to‐infant transmission of herpes simplex virus 2 is correlated with tropism due to mutations in viral UL13
Authors: Shiraki Kimiyasu , Daikoku Tohru , Prichard Mark N. , Matsuo Koma , Okuda Tomoko , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Takemoto Masaya , Takeuchi Kenji , Sada Kiyonao , Whitley Richard , Kawana Takashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough neonates are commonly exposed to vaginal herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐2, neonatal herpes is rare. Therefore, we analyzed paired infant and maternal HSV‐2 isolates from two cases of mother‐to‐infant transmission to identify viral factors contributing to vertical transmission. Sixteen infant isolates with neonatal herpes and 27 genital isolates in their third trimester were included. The infant isolates were significantly more temperature‐independent than the maternal isolates. Sequence comparison revealed viral UL13 protein kinase (UL13‐PK) mutation in the infant isolates in both cases. In the expanded cohort, infant isolates (5/18) had significantly more UL13‐PK mutations than genital isolates (1/29). Isolates within 8 days post‐birth (3/4) had a significantly higher frequency of UL13‐PK mutation than those after 9 days (2/14), suggesting a close association between UL13‐PK mutations and vertical transmission. Elongation factor 1‐delta was identified as a target of UL13‐PK by proteomic analysis of UL13‐PK‐positive and ‐negative HepG2 cells. The mixed infant isolates with the intact and mutated UL13‐PK conferred altered cell tropism, temperature independence adapting to fetal temperature, and better growth properties in Vero and hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells than in HSV‐2 with intact and mutated UL13‐PK alone, indicating that viral UL13‐PK mutation is essential for vertical HSV‐2 transmission.
Management of Impulse Control and Related Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: An Expert Consensus
Authors: Debove Ines , Paschen Steffen , Amstutz Deborah , Cardoso Francisco , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Fung Victor S.C. , Lang Anthony E. , Martinez Martin Pablo , Rodríguez‐Oroz María C. , Weintraub Daniel , Krack Paul , Deuschl Günther ,   and the Members of the ICBD in PD Management Consensus Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundImpulse‐control and related behavioral disorders (ICBDs) significantly impact the lives of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and caregivers, with lasting consequences if undiagnosed and untreated. While ICBD pathophysiology and risk factors are well‐studied, a standardized severity definition and treatment evidence remain elusive.ObjectiveThis work aimed to establish international expert consensus on ICBD treatment strategies. To comprehensively address diverse treatment availabilities, experts from various continents were included.MethodsFrom 2021 to 2023, global movement disorders specialists engaged in a Delphi process. A core expert group initiated surveys, involving a larger panel in three iterations, leading to refined severity definitions and treatment pathways.ResultsExperts achieved consensus on defining ICBD severity, emphasizing regular PD patient screenings for early detection. General treatment recommendations focused on continuous monitoring, collaboration with significant others, and seeking specialist advice for legal or financial challenges. For mild to severe ICBDs, gradual reduction in dopamine agonists was endorsed, followed by reductions in other PD medications. Second‐line treatment strategies included diverse approaches like reversing the last medication change, cognitive behavior therapy, subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, and specific medications like quetiapine, clozapine, and antidepressants. The panel reached consensus on distinct treatment pathways for punding and dopamine dysregulation syndrome, formulating therapy recommendations. Comprehensive discussions addressed management strategies for the exacerbation of either motor or non‐motor symptoms following the proposed treatments.ConclusionThe consensus offers in‐depth insights into ICBD management, presenting clear severity criteria and expert consensus treatment recommendations. The study highlights the critical need for further research to enhance ICBD management. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Genetic and functional variants of the TBX20 gene promoter in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gao Xue , Pang Shuchao , Ding Liangcai , Yan Han , Cui Yinghua , Yan Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. As DCM is a genetically heterogeneous disease, genetic variants of cardiac transcription factor genes may play an important role. Transcription factor TBX20, an indispensable factor in normal heart development, is involved in the regulation of cardiac structure and function. Although the TBX20 gene is associated with the occurrence and development of DCM, the influence of genetic variants of the TBX20 gene promoter region on DCM has not been reported.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study consisting of 107 DCM patients and 210 healthy controls. Genetic variants within TBX20 gene promoter region were identified using sequencing techniques and were functionally analyzed by dual‐luciferase reporting assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to investigate DNA‐protein interactions.ResultsIn this study cohort (n = 317), we identified eight variants within TBX20 gene promoter. One novel DNA sequence variants (DSV) (g.4275G>T) and four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [g.4169G>A (rs1263874255), g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877), g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] were identified in DCM patients, but in none of controls. Among them, the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] significantly altered the transcription activity of TBX20 gene promoter by dual‐luciferase reporting assay (p < 0.05). Further, EMSA assay indicated that the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] affected the binding of transcription factors.ConclusionsThese data indicate that the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] increase transcription activity of TBX20 gene promoter in both HEK‐293 and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. But the mechanism remains to be verified in vivo.