bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructivist Philosophy in the Context of Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Hamida Elis , Thoha M. , Cristiana Yona , Andika Caca 
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the application of constructivism philosophy in the context of Freedom of Learning in Indonesia. The specific issue raised is how constructivism philosophy can help students build their own knowledge through experience and interaction with the environment. The proposal given is to apply learning methods that are based on experience and interaction, such as project methods and discussion methods. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews and observation. The research results show that the application of constructivism philosophy can help students build their own knowledge, increase learning motivation, and develop critical thinking skills. Apart from that, this research also found that the application of constructivism philosophy can help students develop effective collaboration and communication skills. The philosophy of constructivism can be a strong foundation for implementing the concept of Freedom of Learning in Indonesia. This research can contribute to the development of more effective and efficient educational theory and practice. The results of this research can also be used as a reference for developing curricula and educational programs that are more appropriate to student needs. In the context of education in Indonesia, this research has broad implications. By applying the philosophy of constructivism, education in Indonesia can become more relevant and effective in preparing students to face the challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, this research can be a reference for educators, curriculum developers and educational policy makers to advance education in Indonesia.
EARLY MARRIAGE AS CORRELATE OF EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS OF MARRIED FEMALE STUDENTS IN WOMEN DAY SECONDARY SCHOOL IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ABBA BUKAR  , ALI MBURZA  , DOMIYA G. ALI  , FATI S. ABANI  
Published: February 2025

ap-reading has been regarded as one of the intricate, hardest and broadest aspect of geography by many students, teachers, readers and critics who consciously or unconsciously struggle with one map-reading phenomenon or the other without accomplishing the goal in mind. This among other reasons prompted the research into investigating the perceived difficulties associated with map-reading so as to provide remedial solutions in respect of the map-makers, teachers, students and other readers who find geography interesting. The research investigates the difficulties in map-reading in senior secondary schools in Lafia Local Government Area (LGA) of Nasarawa, State. The population size of the study comprise of 10 geography teachers and 100 randomly selected students from the sampled schools. The data used in the analytical procedures were collected from 10 sampled senior secondary schools located within and around Lafia LGA Headquarters. Hypotheses were generated, analysed and tested through applying simple percentages. The acceptance or rejection of the Null (Ho) hypotheses was based on the results that were computed and then compared to the critical table values at α0.05 significant level of judgement certified by natural, social and applied scientists and engineers. Percentages were used based on “the higher the result of the computation, the lesser the intensity of the problem”.
THE EFFECTS OF RURAL-URBAN YOUTHS MIGRATION ON RICE PRODUCTION IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: ZAKARI, A.  , MANUWA, A.  , ABDULLAHI, A. G.  , AISHA, H.Z.  
Published: February 2025

The study analyzed the effects of rural-urban youth migration on rice production in Bauchi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 200 respondents that were proportionately drawn from three (3) zones and of the study area. Data were collected through the use of well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive. The result show that 42.0% the of respondents fell within the age bracket of 18-25 years with mean of 20 years and majority (76.0%) were males and (54.0%) of them were married. Majority (56.0%) of the respondent were pushed to migrate by poverty. The results further revealed that more than half (64.5%) of the respondents were pulled out of rural areas in search of higher education. The findings also reveal that youth migration had caused reduction in farm size ( , reduction in family labour ( and reduction in formation of groups and cooperative societies among youths ( . the result further revealed that mitigating strategies adopted in order to reduce youth rural-urban migration were provision of incentives such as microcredit for youths in agriculture ( , provision and integrating rural youths into agricultural-based activities( , encouraging formation of groups and societies ( , provision of improved varieties of crops and breeds of livestock ( , subsidizing price of farm input ( and regular and timely provision of farm inputs ( . The study concluded that poverty, inadequate employment opportunities, absence of social amenities and desire for higher income were the factors influencing youth rural-urban migration in the study area. The study therefore, recommended adequate physical and social infrastructure such as good roads, electricity, schools and hospitals should be put in place in rural areas by Bauchi State government and other development partners in order to encourage youths to remain in agriculture.
SEISMIC EVALUATION OF ADVANCED CONNECTION SYSTEMS IN WOOD-FRAMED SHEAR WALLS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Authors: AJIBADE OLUWAFEMI EMMANUEL  , DAVID ECHEFULAM ECHENDU  , DADA KEHINDE SAHEED  , COURAGE JUDE OGBETA  , BELLO QUDUS OLASUNKANMI  , ADENIYI IBRAHIM KAYODE  , OGUNREMI BASHIRUDEEN OLAIDE  , CHIJIOKE GEORGE EDEH  , CONFIDENCE ADIMCHI CHINONYEREM  
Published: February 2025

Wood-framed shear walls are commonly used to construct low- to mid-rise buildings, particularly in seismic regions. However, as seismic demands increase, the need for more robust, efficient, and cost-effective connection systems is critical to improve the performance of these shear walls. This paper evaluates advanced connection systems for wood-framed shear walls in seismic applications, focusing on their effectiveness in enhancing lateral load resistance, reducing damage, and improving overall system performance. The study aims to provide valuable insights for designers, engineers, and builders to improve the seismic resilience of wood-framed buildings. seismic performance of wood-framed buildings, advanced connection systems, and structural wood design. Determine areas requiring further investigation. The fundamentals of displacement-based seismic design are presented along with a description of the system parameters required for its application. A simple numerical model capable of predicting the cyclic response and energy dissipation characteristics of wood shear walls under general quasi-static cyclic loading is presented to evaluate these parameters for wood-framed buildings. The generalization of this model to three-dimensional wood-framed structures is also discussed. As an application example, the displacement-based seismic design of a simple one-story shear wall building is presented. In turn, this design approach is validated by nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses using earthquake records representative of the hazard levels associated with the design performance levels.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND PRAGMATIC ERRORS ON ESSAY WRITING SKILLS AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: SALIHU ABDULLAHI GALLE  , SULEIMAN SALAMATU KWOKU  , ABDULKADIR EGYA ODULA,  
Published: February 2025

The study investigated comparative analysis of measurement errors and pragmatic errors on essay writing skills among sunior Secondary School Students’ in Kogi State, Nigeria. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Population comprises of all 8,351 students offering English Language from 17 public junior secondary school in Kogi State, Nigeria and 384 students offering English Language were used as sample size. Observation Protocol English Language Essay Writing Skills Questionnaire/Checklist (OPELEWTQC)’’was used as an instrument, it was validated and pilot tested which yielded the of 0.74 validity index and of 0.75 reliability index. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer research questions while t-test of independent samples was used for testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. Findings of this study reveal a significant difference in the impact of measurement errors and pragmatic errors on essay writing skills among junior secondary school students in Kogi State. It was established that pragmatic errors exert a more substantial influence on the students' essay writing skills compared to measurement errors. This highlights the critical role of pragmatic competence in improving students' overall writing performance and effective communication in essays. The study recommends incorporating pragmatic skill development into junior secondary school English language curricula, such as real-life language use activities and context-based writing exercises, as well as establishing teacher training programs to identify and correct pragmatic faults in students' writing.
Inferencia de la Tensión de Trabajo de las Riendas de un Mástil Atirantado Mediante la Técnica AVM
Authors: Guzmán Alberto M. , Calderón Francisco , González del Solar Gerardo , Palazzo Gustavo , Acosta Sergio , Dagne Claudio 
Published: February 2025

En la industria de las comunicaciones los sistemas estructurales mástiles atirantados son ampliamente utilizados para dar sustento a los dispositivos de transmisión. A fin de garantizar la serviciabilidad de las comunicaciones, se requiere que en su servicio estas estructuras presenten un plan de mantenimiento que permita evaluar distintos aspectos relevantes para su adecuado funcionamiento estructural, entre los cuales se destaca controlar la tensión de trabajo al cual se encuentran las riendas. Para ello, las técnicas previstas corresponden al método directo mediante el uso de un dinamómetro, y al método indirecto mediante la generación de un pulso en la rienda cronometrando luego un cierto número de retornos de este al anclaje. Ambos métodos presentan ventajas y desventajas. El directo, la precisión en la medición pero un equipamiento poco disponible, el indirecto, la simplicidad en la ejecución pero imprecisión en los resultados. Como una alternativa a lo anterior, en la presente investigación se propone inferir el estado tensional de riendas a partir de la medición de sus frecuencias naturales mediante la técnica conocida como Ambient Vibration Measurements (AVM), para luego y valiéndose de las ecuaciones de la dinámica de cables, inferir la tensión de trabajo. Dicha técnica fue aplicada en las riendas de un mástil atirantado existente. Las tensiones obtenidas fueron cotejadas con mediciones llevadas a cabo mediante el método directo, así como también, con resultados de modelaciones numéricas.
An Experimental Design for the Analysis of 5-Caffeoylquinic Acid (5-CQA) in Ethanolic Extracts of Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Flower
Authors: Chandimala U. R. , Sik Beatrix , Ajtony Zsolt 
Published: February 2025

This study optimized the extraction and analysis of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), the predominant chlorogenic acid in hibiscus flowers, using a sustainable ethanolic extraction method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. To identify the optimal solvent extraction conditions for 5-CQA from hibiscus, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed, incorporating three factors: pH levels (2, 4.5, 7), extraction times (20, 40, 60 minutes) and solvent compositions (25v/v%, 50v/v%, 75v/v% ethanol). The temperature was maintained at the boiling point throughout the extraction period. RSM identified 25% ethanol, pH 7, and 25-minute heat treatment as the optimal extraction conditions for maximizing 5-CQA yield. Two HPLC columns; InertSustain Phenyl (A) and Synergi Polar (B), differing in length, diameter, and particle size were evaluated for chromatographic performance monitoring HPLC-UV signals at a wavelength of 325 nm. The mobile phase for both columns consisted of acetonitrile and acidified water (with orthophosphoric acid). Both HPLC columns achieved high correlation coefficients (0.9908 and 0.9965, A and B) between extracted 5-CQA and standard peaks. Under optimized conditions, the yields of 5-CQA were 1.43 mg/g and 1.48 mg/g dry hibiscus flower for columns A and B, respectively. Compared to literature-reported methods, the developed protocol offers high efficiency, reduced solvent usage, and minimal heat treatment, establishing it as a convenient, and sustainable alternative for 5-CQA extraction.
Tax policy and gender equality: the impact of the fiscal system on women and men
Authors: Madatov Oleg Yakovlevich 
Published: February 2025

The author examines the impact of tax policy on gender equality, analyzing the differentiated impact of the fiscal system on women and men through the study of various tax instruments, such as direct and indirect taxes, family taxation mechanisms and the provision of tax benefits. The purpose of the study is to identify specific problems related to the unequal impact of tax instruments and to develop recommendations for improving the fiscal system that ensures equal economic opportunities for all citizens, regardless of gender. The subject of the study is the relationship between tax mechanisms (direct and indirect taxes, family taxation, tax benefits) and the economic status of women and men, as well as the identification of ways to improve the tax system taking into account gender factors. Research methods include economic analysis, comparative legal analysis, and statistical modeling. The author used both quantitative and qualitative methods, such as the analysis of tax statistics, the study of national and international legislation, the analysis of cases and international experience (Germany, France, USA, Canada, etc.), as well as the involvement of scientific publications and expert opinions. The results of the study show that despite the formal gender neutrality of tax legislation, its effects differ for women and men due to gender differences in income, employment, and the distribution of family responsibilities. Joint taxation of spouses, especially with a progressive tax scale, can reduce women's motivation to work due to the effect of the "second income tax". In turn, the separate taxation applied in a number of countries contributes to greater economic independence of women and stimulates their active participation in the economy. The article offers recommendations for improving the tax system, including the transition to separate taxation, the revision of tax benefits taking into account gender aspects, the conduct of a gender audit of the tax system and the introduction of gender-based budgeting. The author concludes that it is necessary to create a fair and efficient tax system that ensures equal opportunities for all citizens without providing unreasonable preferences to one gender.
Improvement of Agronomic Parameters of Rice Plants Infected by Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) Using Plant Extracts
Authors: Doumbia Bakaye , Dao Sognan , Kassogué Adounigna , Ouattara Djeneba , Nantoumé Djeneba , Samaké Salimatou , Fané Rokiatou , Tekete Cheick , Dicko Amadou Hamadoun , Dembélé Mamadou , Babana Amadou Hamadoun 
Published: February 2025

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of plant extracts Azadirachta indica, Piper nigrum L, Acacia gummifera, Combretum micranthum, and Clenodium vulgare L on rice yellow mottle virus in rice.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five repetitions. The blocking factor was the sunshine.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory (LaboREM-Biotech) of the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, between June and November 2020.
Methodology: The rice variety Kogoni91-1, which is highly susceptible to rice yellow mottle, was grown under greenhouse at the LaboREM-Biotech, inoculated with a highly virulent virus from the laboratory's collection and treated with plant extracts.
Results: The results showed that rice plants treated with the combination of plant extracts from C. micranthum, A. indica, and C. vulgare recorded higher grain and aerial biomass yields than the positive control and very close to those of the negative control. Similarly, plants treated with black pepper extracts showed a number of spikelets, a yield and an aerial biomass higher than those of the positive control and very close to those of the negative control.
Conclusion: Using plant extracts to combat rice yellow mottle could be an alternative to the application of chemical pesticides harmful to human and animal health.
A Case Report on Pneumatosis Intestinalis Complicated by Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Jaafar Ayman , Khalili Haytham Al , ALakkad Ashraf 
Published: February 2025

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare radiological finding characterized by gas within the bowel wall, often linked to conditions such as ischemia, infection, or inflammation. When complicated by pneumoperitoneum, it suggests a potentially life-threatening condition, such as bowel perforation, and may necessitate surgical intervention.
Case Summary: A 43-year-old male patient presented with 5 days of diffuse abdominal pain, distention, and vomiting of gastric contents. He had a remote history of peptic ulcer disease. On physical examination, he appeared sick, dehydrated, and cachexic. His vital signs were stable, but his BMI was low (16.2 kg/m2). His abdomen was distended with diffused tenderness and had no guarding or bowel sounds. There was a radiological evidence of pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis intestinalis, and free fluid concerning hollow viscus perforation. However, small bowel biopsy showed polypoid, grape-like lesions with cystic spaces lined by multinucleated giant cells and surrounded by inflammatory cells and hemosiderin pigment. Findings were consistent with Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis, with no atypia or malignancy. Following fluid resuscitation, the patient underwent laparotomy exploration which did not demonstrate any bowel injury but scarred the 1st part of the duodenum. The pneumoperitoneum was attributed to the rupture of gas-filled cysts located along the bowel wall but not within it. He had an uncomplicated postoperative course. The endoscopy was done on follow-up, revealing a small Forest III pre-pyloric ulcer with a stenotic pyloric ring managed by balloon dilatation and PPI.
Conclusion: Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare finding and its significance cannot be determined outside of a clinical contest. Surgery may be performed occasionally when pneumoperitoneum is present, raising concerns about the risk of hollow viscus injury.
Modelling and Estimation of Average Annual Soil Loss in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: KuroTamuno Peace Jackson, , Chiziandu Enyinda Okwere, 
Published: February 2025

Soil-related phenomenon and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) particularly SDG-15 are strictly tied. A healthy soil ecosystem encourages the existence of life on Earth and for agricultural purposes. One of the key factors that is contributing to unhealthy soil ecosystems is soil erosion. The research involves the assessment and modelling of soil erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE II) with the sole aim of ascertaining the annual Soil loss within the study area, this will be a veritable tool in estimating soil loss in farming systems and in supporting the achievement of the SDGs. It provides a concrete estimation of the distribution of soil erosion at Ika South LGA, through the combination of the influencing factors such as rainfall aggressivity, soil erodibility, topography, vegetation cover, and soil conservation practices. The soil loss estimated at Ika South ranges from 0 to 49119.93 t/ha/year. Results have shown that 5% of the surface area displays a high rate of soil loss, and it represents zones with moderate to severe soil erosion. These areas are mainly situated in moderate to very high slope where the runoff is high. This loss is favoured by the other factors of erosion, which are also combined to accelerate erosion losses significantly (58% of the total area has a very high rainfall erosivity), moderately erodible soils (49% of the soils show a K factor between 0.128 and 0.27t ha H/ha MJ mm), 78% of the soil have nearly level to gently undulating plains, and 14% of the areas representing steep slopes. The results revealed that, there is a probability that the rate of erosion will increase in the future in this area which pose a great threat to the achievement of the SDG-15. Therefore, proper land-use planning should be adopted such as cropping pattern for agricultural land in local area. Accurate planning should be done as a means for restoring degraded vegetation.
Emamectin Benzoate 1.9 EC and 5 SG: A Safer Insecticide to Predatory Spiders of Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Authors: R Sheeba Jasmine 
Published: February 2025

Bhendi is a vital vegetable crop in India is heavily infested by a variety of insect pests causing considerable damage and yield loss. Borers are major pests of economical importance. The indiscriminate use of insecticides has affected the population of bio control agents. Emamectin benzoate is an avermectin effective against several pests in number of crops. Two field experiments were conducted to study the impact of emamectin benzoate on spiders of bhendi ecosystem. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG and 1.9 EC @ 7,11 15 and 20 g a.i. ha-1 was tested in comparison with Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 11 g a.i. ha-1 with different trader, chlorpyrifos 20 EC @ 200 g a.i. ha-1 and untreated check. Observations on the population of spiders were made prior to spraying and on 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after spraying from 10 randomly tagged plants per plot and the mean was worked out. Results clearly showed that emamectin benzoate 5 SG and 1.9 EC was found to be relatively safer to spiders at all concentrations tested. However, among the insecticidal treatments, highest population was recorded in plots treated with Emamectin benzoate @ 7 g a.i. ha-1 followed by emamectin benzoate @ 11 g a.i. ha-1, respectively.