bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum vitamin D3 (25‐OH vit D3) concentrations and hemogram changes in calves with enzootic pneumonia
Authors: Ertunç Seviye , Mecitoğlu Zafer , Kasap Sevim , Şentürk Sezgin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnzootic pneumonia is an important disease complex associated with insufficient colostrum intake after birth, adverse environmental conditions, and stress. Vitamin D deficiency may be an important predisposing factor for this disease.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate in calves with enzootic pneumonia.MethodsA total of 30 calves, aged 3–5 months, under the same care and feeding conditions were used. Groups were formed according to Clinical Respiratory Scoring as the group with mild/moderate enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), the group with severe enzootic pneumonia (n = 10), and the healthy control group (n = 10) without any disease. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of animals in all groups on Day 0; a complete blood count was performed, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method.ResultsAlthough no statistical differences were observed in total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between groups, statistically significant differences in blood neutrophil, monocyte, and erythrocyte counts were found between the groups. Monocyte counts were statistically decreased in the mild/moderate group compared with the control group. Neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. Erythrocyte counts were increased in the mild/moderate and severe groups compared with the control group. Vitamin D concentrations were statistically lower in the mild/moderate and severe groups than in the control group. However, no statistical differences in Vitamin D concentrations were observed between the mild/moderate and severe groups. There was a negative and significant correlation between erythrocyte counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.64, P < .0001). While erythrocyte counts increased in the severe group compared with the mild/moderate group, vitamin D concentrations decreased. Also, a negative and significant correlation was observed between platelet counts and vitamin D concentrations (r = −0.74, P < .0001).ConclusionsThe results of this study determined that serum vitamin D concentrations in calves with pneumonia were lower than those in healthy calves. Detailed studies on the etiologic and prognostic importance of low vitamin D levels in calves with enzootic pneumonia may provide valuable data for prevention and treatment.
Capitella (Annelida: Capitellidae) species in the Gulf of Mexico: Delimitation, phylogeography and phylogeny
Authors: Hilliard Justin , Hajduk Marissa , Méndez Nuria , Schulze Anja 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCapitella spp. are found in marine and estuarine benthos world‐wide. They are often treated as environmental sentinels because they occur in high densities in areas of anthropogenic disturbance and organic pollution. However, there are many cryptic species around the world, often grouped into the Capitella capitata complex. Historically, these have been differentiated using allozymes and developmental studies. Recently, single‐gene sequencing, especially cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and phylogenetic methods have been used to characterise populations around the world. We present molecular support and provide descriptions for five new Capitella spp. from the Gulf of Mexico: Capitella gomexa sp. n., Capitella mandingensis sp. n., Capitella tampe sp. n., Capitella maculosa sp. n. and Capitella loucindae sp. n. Two were recently differentiated on the basis of larval development and morphology. Additionally, we present an updated look at global Capitella phylogeny. While no apparent patterns of phylogeography were recovered, we did find support for a single origin of thoracic acicular spines.
Dependence of Radiance of Burning Coal Bed on Ash Formation and Dew Condensation
Authors: Kim Hakduck , Lee Seungtaek , Lim Heechang , Song Juhun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, coal samples with different moisture contents were prepared using a drying and humidification system. Coal samples were placed in a crucible and ignited using a heating wire, to which power was applied during coal combustion. The combustion radiance of coal samples with three moisture contents (0, 20, and 50%) was measured using a narrow-angle radiometer at three temperatures (10, 25, and 50 °C). A numerical simulation model was developed to predict the unsteady radiation characteristics of a coal layer burning on one-dimensional planar plates. The unsteady energy balance equation and radiative transfer equation were solved using the semi-implicit Runge–Kutta method and discrete ordinates method. In addition, the effect of dew condensation on the radiance was investigated. The greatest reduction in radiance was observed during the burning of the high-moisture coal. Furthermore, the effect of ash (converted from coal) on radiance was examined. The results demonstrated that certain changes in the optical properties during the burning of coal to ash can alter the absorption as well as anisotropic scattering, and thereby the radiance, as combustion proceeds.
Effect of Hygrothermal Conditioning on the Machining Behavior of Biocomposites
Authors: Chegdani Faissal , El Mansori Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This work aims to study the cutting behavior of biocomposites under different controlled hygrothermal conditions. This investigation choice is motivated by the fact that natural plant fibers such as flax are characterized by their hydrophilicity which makes them able to absorb water from a humid environment. This absorption ability is intensified by increasing the conditioning temperature. The moisture diffusion process affects considerably the mechanical properties of the resulting composite, which causes many issues during the machining operations. In this paper, moisture diffusion, chip form, cutting and thrust forces, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations are considered to explore the cutting behavior of flax fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) depending on the hygrothermal conditioning time. Results reveal that moisture content in the biocomposite is significantly influenced by the conditioning temperature and the fiber orientation. Moisture content and fiber orientation affect both the curling behavior of the removed chip as well as the tool/chip interaction in terms of friction. The machinability of flax fiber-reinforced PLA biocomposites depending on hygrothermal conditioning time is then investigated using SEM analysis in addition to analytical modeling. An analysis of variance is used finally to quantify the observed results.
Optimized Casing Treatment to Improve Stall Margin Under Circumferential Pressure Distortion in a High-Speed Axial Flow Fan
Authors: Li Yihan , Du Juan , Li Jichao , Liu Yang , Ba Dun , Zhang Min , Zhang Hongwu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An optimized axial slot casing treatment (OPCT) was designed that experimentally improves the stall margin by 7.31% with an efficiency gain of 1.94% at a design speed of 100% in a high-speed axial flow fan. Subsequently, the OPCT was tested under the distorted inflow with a 9% composite distortion index; it can still improve the stall margin by 6.19% with an efficiency gain of 1.63% at the 100% design speed. The unsteady measurement results indicate that the location of the shock wave obviously moves forward toward the leading edge of the blade tip as the rotor blade rotates out of the distorted region and induces the stall in advance. When the OPCT is applied, the strength of the interaction between the shock wave and tip leakage flow can be suppressed, and the location of the shock wave at the distorted region is pushed backward. Thus, the trigger of the stall inception generated in the downstream of the distortion region is postponed. Meanwhile, a new phenomenon was discovered that the OPCT does not alter the instability mode of the fan, and the fan eventually surges, which is consistent with the B parameter value of 2.942. However, under the distorted inflow, the B parameter can be reduced from 2.942 to 0.863, thereby the instability mode of the fan is changed from surge to stall. It can guide the instability prediction when the boundary condition (distortion or casing treatment) of the fan is changed.
Microscopic and metatranscriptomic analyses revealed unique cross-domain parasitism between phylum
Candidatus
Patescibacteria/candidate phyla radiation and methanogenic archaea in anaerobic ecosystems
Authors: Kuroda Kyohei , Nakajima Meri , Nakai Ryosuke , Hirakata Yuga , Kagemasa Shuka , Kubota Kengo , Noguchi Taro Q. P. , Yamamoto Kyosuke , Satoh Hisashi , Nobu Masaru K. , Narihiro Takashi 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

To verify whether members of the phylum
Candidatus
Patescibacteria parasitize archaea, we applied cultivation, microscopy, metatranscriptomic, and protein structure prediction analyses on the Patescibacteria-enriched cultures derived from a methanogenic bioreactor. Amendment of cultures with exogenous methanogenic archaea, acetate, amino acids, and nucleoside monophosphates increased the relative abundance of
Ca
. Patescibacteria. The predominant
Ca
. Patescibacteria were families
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae, and the former showed positive linear relationships (

r
2

≥ 0.70)
Methanothrix
in their relative abundances, suggesting related growth patterns.
Methanothrix
and
Methanospirillum
cells with attached
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae, respectively, had significantly lower cellular activity than those of the methanogens without
Ca
. Patescibacteria, as extrapolated from fluorescence
in situ
hybridization-based fluorescence. We also observed that parasitized methanogens often had cell surface deformations. Some
Methanothrix
-like filamentous cells were dented where the submicron cells were attached.
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae highly expressed extracellular enzymes, and based on structural predictions, some contained peptidoglycan-binding domains with potential involvement in host cell attachment. Collectively, we propose that the interactions of
Ca
. Yanofskyibacteriaceae and
Ca
. Minisyncoccaceae with methanogenic archaea are parasitisms.

IMPORTANCE

Culture-independent DNA sequencing approaches have explored diverse yet-to-be-cultured microorganisms and have significantly expanded the tree of life in recent years. One major lineage of the domain Bacteria,
Ca
. Patescibacteria (also known as candidate phyla radiation), is widely distributed in natural and engineered ecosystems and has been thought to be dependent on host bacteria due to the lack of several biosynthetic pathways and small cell/genome size. Although bacteria-parasitizing or bacteria-preying
Ca
. Patescibacteria have been described, our recent studies revealed that some lineages can specifically interact with archaea. In this study, we provide strong evidence that the relationship is parasitic, shedding light on overlooked roles of
Ca
. Patescibacteria in anaerobic habitats.
Contrary effects of increasing temperatures on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in river biofilms
Authors: Bagra Kenyum , Kneis David , Padfield Daniel , Szekeres Edina , Teban-Man Adela , Coman Cristian , Singh Gargi , Berendonk Thomas U. , Klümper Uli 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

River microbial communities regularly act as the first barrier of defense against the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that enter environmental microbiomes through wastewater. However, how the invasion dynamics of wastewater-borne ARGs into river biofilm communities will shift due to climate change with increasing average and peak temperatures remains unknown. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of increasing temperatures on the naturally occurring river biofilm resistome, as well as the invasion success of foreign ARGs entering through wastewater. Natural biofilms were grown in a low-anthropogenic impact river and transferred to artificial laboratory recirculation flume systems operated at three different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, and 30°C). After 1 week of temperature acclimatization, significant increases in the abundance of the naturally occurring ARGs in biofilms were detected at higher temperatures. After this acclimatization period, biofilms were exposed to a single pulse of wastewater, and the invasion dynamics of wastewater-borne ARGs were analyzed over 2 weeks. After 1 day, wastewater-borne ARGs were able to invade the biofilms successfully with no observable effect of temperature on their relative abundance. However, thereafter, ARGs were lost at a far increased rate at 30°C, with ARG levels dropping to the initial natural levels after 14 days. Contrary to the lower temperatures, ARGs were either lost at slower rates or even able to establish themselves in biofilms with stable relative abundances above natural levels. Hence, higher temperatures come with contrary effects on river biofilm resistomes: naturally occurring ARGs increase in abundance, while foreign, invading ARGs are lost at elevated speeds.

IMPORTANCE
Infections with bacteria that gained resistance to antibiotics are taking millions of lives annually, with the death toll predicted to increase. River microbial communities act as a first defense barrier against the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that enter the environment through wastewater after enrichment in human and animal microbiomes. The global increase in temperature due to climate change might disrupt this barrier effect by altering microbial community structure and functions. We consequently explored how increasing temperatures alter ARG spread in river microbial communities. At higher temperatures, naturally occurring ARGs increased in relative abundance. However, this coincided with a decreased success rate of invading foreign ARGs from wastewater to establish themselves in the communities. Therefore, to predict the effects of climate change on ARG spread in river microbiomes, it is imperative to consider if the river ecosystem and its resistome are dominated by naturally occurring or invading foreign ARGs.
A
Porphyromonas gingivalis
hypothetical protein controlled by the type I-C CRISPR-Cas system is a novel adhesin important in virulence
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Solbiati Jose , Duran-Pinedo Ana , Rocha Fernanda Godoy , Gibson Frank C. , Frias-Lopez Jorge 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The ability of many human pathogens to infect requires their ability to adhere to the host surfaces as a first step in the process.
Porphyromonas gingivalis,
a keystone oral pathogen
,
uses adhesins to adhere to the surface of the gingival epithelium and other members of the oral microbiome. In a previous study, we identified several proteins potentially linked to virulence whose mRNA levels are regulated by CRISPR-Cas type I-C. Among those, PGN_1547 was highly upregulated in the CRISPR-Cas 3 mutant. PGN_1547 is annotated as a hypothetical protein. Employing homology searching, our data support that PGN_1547 resembles an auto-transporter adhesin of
P. gingivalis
based on containing the DUF2807 domain. To begin to characterize the function of PGN_1547, we found that a deletion mutant displayed a significant decrease in virulence using a
Galleria mellonela
model. Furthermore, this mutant was significantly impaired in forming biofilms and attaching to the macrophage-like cell THP-1. Luminex revealed that the PGN_1547 mutant elicited a less robust cytokine and chemokine response from THP-1 cells, and TLR2 predominantly sensed that recombinant PGN_1547. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the toolbox of virulence factors possessed by
P. gingivalis
. Importantly, PGN_1547, a hypothetical protein, has homologs in another member of the order Bacteroidales whose function is unknown, and our results could shed light on the role of this family of proteins as auto-transport adhesins in this phylogenetic group.

IMPORTANCE

Periodontal diseases are among humans’ most common infections, and besides their effect on the oral cavity, they have been associated with systemic inflammatory conditions. Among members of the oral microbiome implicated in the development of periodontitis,
Porphyromonas gingivalis
is considered a keystone pathogen. We have identified a new adhesin that acts as a virulence factor, PGN_1547, which contains the DUF2807 domain, which belongs to the putative auto-transporter adhesin, head GIN domain family. Deletion of this gene lowers the virulence of
P
.
gingivalis
and impacts the ability of
P
.
gingivalis
to form biofilm and attach to host cells. Furthermore, the broad distribution of these receptors in the order Bacteroidales suggests their importance in colonization by this important group of organisms.
Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and its change with progression to chronic kidney disease in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Zhang Yanjun , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Zhou Chun , Ye Ziliang , Yang Sisi , Gan Xiaoqin , Hou Fan Fan , Qin Xianhui 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the long-term association of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and its longitudinal changes with progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight/obesity.MethodsThis study included 1746 participants in the Look AHEAD trial with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. MVPA was measured at baseline, year 1, year 4 and year 8 using an RT3 accelerometer. The outcome was progression to CKD, defined as eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2with a drop of ≥30% or end-stage kidney disease. Cox hazards models were fitted to examine the association between MVPA and outcomes.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 567 participants experienced progression to CKD. Overall, there was a linear inverse association of cumulative average total MVPA (per 100 min/week higher amount, HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.96) and MVPA accumulated in bouts of ≥10 min (per 100 minutes/week higher amount, HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.91) with progression to CKD. Moreover, an increase in total MVPA from baseline to year 4 (the fourth quartile, ≥63.2 min/week) was associated with a 33% lower risk of progression to CKD compared with the largest MVPA reduction (the first quartile, <−198.3 min/week). A lower risk of progression to CKD was also observed for increases in MVPA accumulated in bouts of both <10 min and ≥10 min.ConclusionsLonger MVPA time and increases in MVPA was associated with a reduced risk of progression to CKD in adults with overweight/obesity and T2D.
Exploring the gender difference in type 2 diabetes incidence in a Swiss cohort using latent class analysis: an intersectional approach
Authors: Barbier Jeanne Marie , Amiguet Michael , Vaucher Julien , Lasserre Aurélie M , Clair Carole , Schwarz Joëlle 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionType 2 diabetes is multifactorial and influenced by the intersection of gender-related variables and other determinants of health. The aim of this study was to highlight the intersectional social position of the participants and disentangle its role from administrative sex in predicting the development of type 2 diabetes.MethodsUsing CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, a Swiss single-centre prospective cohort initiated in 2003 and including 6733 participants (age 35–75 years; 54% women) at baseline, we conducted latent class analyses using gender-related variables (eg, risk-taking behaviours, gender roles represented by employment status, etc) and socioeconomic determinants at baseline (2003–2006) to construct intersectional classes and we tested their association with the development of type 2 diabetes at follow-up (2018–2021).ResultsOf the 6733 participants enrolled at baseline, 3409 were included in our analyses (50.6%). Over a median follow-up time of 14.5 years, 255 (7.5%) participants developed type 2 diabetes, of which 158 men (62.0%). We identified seven latent classes highlighting different intersectional social position groups (ie,young, fit, educated men (N=413), non-White physically inactive men and women (N=170), highly qualified men, former or current smokers (N=557), working women living alone (N=914), low qualified working men with overweight (N=445), women with obesity, low education and low qualified job or housewives (N=329), low educated retired participants (N=581)). Using the class labelled as ‘young, fit, educated men’ as reference, the risk of incident type 2 diabetes was higher in all other classes (adjusted OR values between 4.22 and 13.47). Classes mostly feminine had a more unfavourable intersectional social position than that of the predominantly masculine classes. The corresponding OR increased in sex-adjusted regressions analyses.ConclusionsWe observe cumulative intersectional effects across behavioural and socioeconomic profiles with different risks of developing type 2 diabetes emphasising the deleterious effect of a feminine gender profile. These patterns are only partly captured by traditional sex-stratified analyses.
Oxaliplatin-related dysphagia: Mixed-methods study
Authors: Kenny Ciarán , Regan Julie , Balding Lucy , Higgins Stephen , O'Leary Norma , Kelleher Fergal , McDermott Ray , Armstrong John , Mihai Alina , Tiernan Eoin , Westrup Jennifer , Thirion Pierre , Walsh Declan 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate participant-reported atypical dysphagia symptoms and their association with oxaliplatin treatment.MethodsThis observational study recruited 73 adults with solid tumours outside the head, neck or upper gastrointestinal tract. All had dysphagia, were in hospital or hospice and were treated by Medical Oncology, Radiation Oncology or Palliative Care. Participants reported their experiences of swallowing difficulties by semistructured interview. Oral Health Assessment Tool was used to ensure swallow difficulties were not due to mucositis. Responses were transcribed and analysed by content analysis. Atypical difficulties were examined for association with oxaliplatin treatment by Fischer’s Exact.ResultsOxaliplatin treatment was associated with three unusual dysphagia symptoms: problems with cold or hot bolus (p=0.01), pins and needles (p=0.001) and throat spasm (p=0.035). Carbonation was problematic for one participant. Chemotherapy commencement coincided with swallow problem onset for 67%. Dysphagia symptoms were unrelated to mucositis (p=0.165).ConclusionsSwallowing difficulties in oxaliplatin-treated patients are atypical and attributable to chemotherapy commencement. Previous research suggests that dysphagia is triggered by cold exposure, but hot and carbonated boluses also caused problems here. Dysphagia symptoms and triggers should be studied more fully to help patients safely enjoy their meals and prevent food avoidance, which could exacerbate malnutrition.