bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global gene expression analysis in the bones reveals involvement of several novel genes and pathways in mediating an anabolic response of mechanical loading in mice
Authors: Xing Weirong , Baylink David , Kesavan Chandrasekhar , Hu Yan , Kapoor Susanna , Chadwick Robert B. , Mohan Subburaman 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo identify the genes and signal pathways responsible for mechanical loading‐induced bone formation, we evaluated differential gene expression on a global basis in the tibias of C57BL/6J (B6) mice after four days of four‐point bending. We applied mechanical loads to the right tibias of the B6 mice at 9 N, 2 Hz for 36 cycles per day, with the left tibias used as unloaded controls. RNA from the tibias was harvested 24 h after last stimulation and subjected to microarray. Of the 20,280 transcripts hybridized to the array, 346 were differentially expressed in the loaded bones compared to the controls. The validity of the microarray data was established with the increased expression of bone‐related genes such as pleiotrophin, osteoglycin, and legumain upon four‐point bending and confirmation of increased expression of selected genes by real‐time PCR. The list of differentially expressed genes includes genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, proteolysis, as well as signaling molecules of receptors for growth factors, integrin, Ephrin B2, endothelin, and adhesion G protein coupled receptor. Pathway analyses suggested that 28 out of the 346 genes exhibited a direct biological association. Among the biological network, fibronectin and pleitrophin function as important signaling molecules in regulating periosteal bone formation and resorption in response to four‐point bending. Furthermore, some expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with no prior known function have been identified as potential mediators of mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Further studies on these previously unknown genes will improve our understanding of the molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in bone's response to mechanical stress. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential activation of stress‐responsive signalling proteins associated with altered loading in a rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Choi Inho , Lee Kisoo , Kim Myungjoo , Lee Moonyong , Park Kyoungsook 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSkeletal muscle undergoes a significant reduction in tension upon unloading. To explore intracellular signalling mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we investigated twitch tension, the ratio of actin/myosin filaments, and activities of key signalling molecules in rat soleus muscle during a 3‐week hindlimb suspension and 2‐week reloading. Twitch tension and myofilament ratio (actin/myosin) gradually decreased during unloading but progressively recovered to initial levels during reloading. To study the involvement of stress‐responsive signalling proteins during these changes, the activities of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) and three mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs)—c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 MAPK—were examined using immunoblotting and immune complex kinase assays. PKCα phosphorylation correlated positively with the tension (Pearson's r = 0.97, P < 0.001) and the myofilament ratio (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) over the entire unloading and reloading period. Treatment of the soleus muscle with a PKC activator resulted in a similar paralleled increment in both PKCα phosphorylation and the α‐sarcomeric actin expression. The three MAPKs differed in the pattern of activation in that JNK activity peaked only for the first hours of reloading, whereas ERK and p38 MAPK activities remained elevated during reloading. These results suggest that PKCα may play a pivotal role in converting loading stress to intracellular changes in contractile proteins that determine muscle tension. Differential activation of MAPKs may also help alleviate muscle damage, modulate energy transport and/or regulate the expression of contractile proteins upon altered loading. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercalated PS/Na+‐MMT Nanocomposites Prepared by Ultrasonically Initiated In Situ Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Qi , Chen Xinzhu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: A new technique, ultrasonically initiated in situ emulsion polymerization, was employed to prepare intercalated polystyrene/Na+‐MMT nanocomposites. FTIR, XRD, and TEM results confirm that the hydrophobic PS can easily intercalate into the galleries of hydrophilic montmorillonite via ultrasonically initiated in situ emulsion polymerization, taking advantages of the multi‐effects of ultrasonic irradiation, such as dispersion, pulverization, activation, and initiation. Properly reducing SDS concentration is beneficial to widen the d‐spacing between clay layers. However, the Na+‐MMT amount has little effect on the d‐spacing of nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature of nanocomposites increased as the percentage of clay increased, although the average molecular weight of PS decreased, and the decomposition temperature of the 1obtained nanocomposites moves to higher temperature.TEM of PS/Na+‐MMT nanocomposite prepared by ultrasonically initiated in situ emulsion polymerization.magnified imageTEM of PS/Na+‐MMT nanocomposite prepared by ultrasonically initiated in situ emulsion polymerization.
Curing and Morphology Studies of Thermosets from Blends of a Main Chain Liquid Crystalline Polyester and Diepoxide/Diamine
Authors: Mormann Werner , Pokropski Tomasz 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Blends of the commercial liquid‐crystalline polyester Rodrun LC‐3000 (60–90 wt.‐%) with a bisphenol A‐diglycidyl ether based diepoxide (DOW D.E.R.330) and an aromatic diamine (MCDEA) prepared in a twin‐screw extruder have been compression‐moulded and cured either isothermally at 260 °C or in a temperature ramp between 160 and 230 °C. The blends were investigated with SEM and thermal analysis (DSC, DMTA). Blends with 80% Rodrun and less cured at 260 °C and the blend containing 60% Rodrun cured in a temperature ramp showed macro‐phase separation followed by reaction‐induced micro‐phase separation (RIPS) both in the Rodrun‐rich and in the epoxy‐rich macro‐separated phases. Blends containing 90, 80 and 70% Rodrun moulded at 160 °C and cured in the temperature ramp showed only RIPS and a morphology rather similar to that of the uncured blends that was most likely co‐continuous; the blend with 90% Rodrun cured at 260 °C showed RIPS and a dispersed epoxy phase in a Rodrun matrix. Phase composition has been determined by extraction of the soluble fraction and chemical analysis.SEM showing the reaction induced micro‐phase separation for sample REA90/10i.magnified imageSEM showing the reaction induced micro‐phase separation for sample REA90/10i.
Atypical GLUT1 deficiency with prominent movement disorder responsive to ketogenic diet
Authors: Friedman Jennifer R.L. , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Wang Dong , Levine Kara B. , Cloherty Erin K. , Pfeifer Heidi H. , De Vivo Darryl C. , Carruthers Anthony , Natowicz Marvin R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGlucose transport protein deficiency due to mutation in the GLUT1 gene is characterized by infantile onset and chronic seizure disorder, microcephaly, global developmental delays, and hypoglycorrhachia. We describe a 10‐year‐old normocephalic male with prominent ataxia, dystonia, choreoathetosis, and GLUT1 deficiency whose motor abnormalities improved with a ketogenic diet. We illustrate the motor abnormalities, at baseline and after ketogenic diet, that characterize this unusual case. This case broadens the phenotype of GLUT1 deficiency and illustrates the importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation in detecting potentially treatable conditions in children with undiagnosed movement disorders. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Postural reactions to neck vibration in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Valkovič Peter , Krafczyk Siegbert , šaling Marian , Benetin Ján , Bötzel Kai 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that reduced reactions to proprioceptive input signals contribute to postural instability in Parkinson's disease (PD), pulses of mechanical vibration were applied to the neck muscles of PD patients and healthy controls. This stimulus elicits postural reactions in standing subjects. Participating were 13 moderately affected PD patients, 13 severely affected PD patients, and 13 age‐matched healthy subjects. Patients were tested on and off medication. Three‐second‐long pulses of vibration were regularly (10 times) applied to the posterior neck muscles while subjects kept their eyes open or closed. Postural responses to the stimuli were measured by static posturography. No intergroup difference in the pattern and latencies of responses was found. However, the amplitudes of the postural reactions (shift of center of foot pressure) were significantly larger in advanced PD patients; those of moderately affected PD patients did not differ from those of control subjects. Moreover, the size of postural responses in both latter groups decreased across the trial contrary to that of advanced PD patients. Comparison of the measures during on and off testing revealed no significant differences. These results indicate that neither afferent proprioceptive deficits nor central integrative functions but rather scaling and habituation of erroneous proprioceptive information are disturbed in the postural control of advanced PD. Nondopaminergic structures seem to be responsible for this impairment. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Nutritional therapy improves function and complements corticosteroid intervention in mdx mice
Authors: Payne Eric T. , Yasuda Nobuo , Bourgeois Jacqueline M. , Devries Michaela C. , Rodriguez M. Christine , Yousuf Junaid , Tarnopolsky Mark A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCorticosteroid therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is effective but associated with long‐term side effects. To determine the potential therapeutic benefit from four nutritional compounds (creatine monohydrate, conjugated linoleic acid, α‐lipoic acid, and β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate) alone, in combination, and with corticosteroids (prednisolone), we evaluated the effects on several variables in exercising mdx mice. Outcome measures included grip strength, rotarod performance, serum creatine kinase levels, muscle metabolites, internalized myonuclei, and retroperitoneal fat pad weight. In isolation, each nutritional treatment showed some benefit, with the combination therapy showing the most consistent benefits. Prednisolone and the combination therapy together provided the most consistent evidence of efficacy; increased peak grip strength (P < 0.05), decreased grip strength fatigue (P < 0.05), decreased number of internalized myonuclei (P < 0.01), and smaller retroperitoneal fat pad stores (P < 0.001). This study provided evidence for therapeutic benefit from a four‐compound combination therapy alone, and in conjunction with corticosteroids in the mdx model of DMD. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Dispersion of nanodiamond into organic media by the use of fluoroalkyl end‐capped oligomers—applications to surface modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) with the dispersed nanodiamond
Authors: Sawada Hideo , Kurachi Jun , Takahashi Hidetaka , Ueno Katsuya , Hamazaki Kazuo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSelf‐assembled fluorinated molecular aggregates formed by fluoroalkyl end‐capped oligomers were able to interact with nanodiamond powders to afford well‐dispersed fluorinated aggregates‐diamond nanocomposites in organic media, and these fluorinated aggregates‐diamond nanocomposites were applied to the surface modification of poly(methyl methacryate) films. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression and protein profiling of AGS gastric epithelial cells upon infection with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Backert Steffen , Gressmann Helga , Kwok Terry , Zimny‐Arndt Ursula , König Wolfgang , Jungblut Peter R. , Meyer Thomas F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHelicobacter pylori, one of the most common bacterial pathogens, colonizes the human stomach and causes a variety of gastric diseases. This pathogen elicits a range of phenotypic responses in infected cultured AGS gastric epithelial cells, including expression of proinflammatory genes and changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Some of these responses are mediated by the type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island. We have used two global approaches, namely 2‐DE combined with PMF and cDNA expression array analyses, to study in both a comprehensive and quantitative manner the protein profile and the temporal patterns of mRNA accumulation in AGS cells upon infection with H. pylori and isogenic T4SS mutants. We identified 140 transcripts and detected 190 protein species that were differentially regulated upon infection. Infection with wild‐type H. pylori induced expression of a variety of host genes and changes in protein pattern involved in transcriptional responses, cell shape regulation and signal transduction. Among them, some were differentially regulated in a cag PAI‐dependent manner, as shown by both the proteomic and cDNA expression array approaches. While 2‐DE and PMF allowed us to examine the protein profiles in the infected host, array analysis enabled us to demonstrate dynamic temporal changes in host gene expression profile. In conclusion, our combined application of the two global approaches provides further molecular details on how the host cell responds to infection by H. pylori and its isogenic T4SS mutants on both transcriptional and protein levels. The findings pinpoint host proteins such as serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases, transcription factors, cell cycle related components and actin cytoskeletal signaling molecules as potential targets of individual H. pylori virulence determinants. This study serves as a basis for future work on transcription and proteome analyses of the H. pylori infection model.
Synthesis of gold nanocomposite via chemisorption of gold nanoparticles with poly(p‐methylstyrene) containing multiple bonding groups on the chain side
Authors: Huang Hsuan‐Ming , Chang Ching‐Yu , Liu I‐Chun , Tsai Hung‐Chieh , Lai Mei‐Kuan , Tsiang Raymond Chien‐Chao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStyrenic nanocomposite containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been synthesized by anchoring polymer molecules containing multiple functional groups onto the gold surface. p‐Methylstyrene was first anionically polymerized and the resulting polymer was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The chlorinated poly(p‐methylstyrene) was next reacted with methylthiomethyllithium, which had been prepared via a metalation reaction of dimethyl sulfide with n‐butyllithium, to form a styrenic polymer containing thioether groups on the sides of the molecule. These thioether groups on the chain sides afforded more chemisorption sites per molecule to AuNPs. The nanocomposite was analyzed using NMR, TEM, UV‐VIS, TGA, and XPS. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4710–4720, 2005
Synthesis of main‐chain hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular liquid crystalline complexes: The effects of spacer on thermal behavior of mesophase
Authors: Toh Cher Ling , Xu Jianwei , Lu Xuehong , He Chaobin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo series of difunctional proton acceptors, stilbazole derivatives 4a–c and 6a–c with different spacers, oligo(methylene) and oligo(ethylene glycol), respectively, were synthesized. Hydrogen‐bonded polymeric complexes 4/7 and 6/7 and trimeric complexes 4/82 and 6/82 (7 and 8 are aromatic dicarboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acids, respectively) were prepared, and their liquid crystallinity was examined. The effects of the spacer in 4, 6, and 7 and the terminal group in 8 on the thermal behaviors of hydrogen‐bonded complexes were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. X‐ray diffraction at elevated temperatures was used to verify liquid crystal phases. The study showed that the phase transition temperatures for isotropic to nematic (TI–Ns) of polymeric complexes 4/7 and 6/7 in general decreased with the increase in length of spacer in the corresponding proton donors 7. The increase in length of the proton acceptors 6 led to a drop of TI–Ns of the corresponding complexes 6/7; however, the TI–Ns of complexes 4/7 did not show any correlation with the spacer length in 4. In contrast, the increase in length of the terminal group in 8 resulted in a slight decrease in TI–Ns of trimeric complexes 4/82, but had a negligible effect on the TI–Ns of 6/82 because of the presence of the more flexible spacer in the proton acceptors 6. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4731–4743, 2005
Handling chemicals in small containers
Authors: Ness Albert , Gibson Richard 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper describes three incidents involving buckets or other small, open containers that have occurred at Rohm and Haas facilities. In one, a reaction between sodium and water propelled a bucket with considerable force, resulting in an injury. In another, a fire occurred when the lid of a plastic bucket containing a liquid peroxide became contaminated during filling and was blown off. In the last, a solid peroxide and several different initiators and catalysts were staged on a pallet for use in batch reactors. A fire was caused by the mixing of small spills from the containers on or under the pallet used to hold them. The fire caused severe damage and temporary shutdown of a reactor train. In all cases, a good Environmental, Health, and Safety Review would have identified the problems and the review teams could have easily developed methods to prevent the accident. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Dynamic shock compaction of a ZrO2–RuO2 electronic nanocomposite: toward functionally graded materials
Authors: van Zyl Werner E. , Carton Erik P. , Raming Tomas P. , ten Elshof Johan E. , Verweij Henk 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn electronic ZrO2–RuO2 nanocomposite was fabricated by dynamic compaction (DC) at 1.5 GPa resulting in a maximum relative density of 88% in the material. The DC process formed pristine elongated conical‐shaped compacts 3 cm in length. The compacts retained their original nanometer‐sized grains (∼20 nm) of the original powder from which it was prepared, marking the densest RuO2‐based nanocomposite to date. A change by a remarkable factor of 107 in electrical conductance was observed for two separate specimens, one processed by DC (σ = 1.1 × 10–4 S cm–1) and the other by conventional pressureless sintering (σ = 2.1 × 103 S cm–1) both obtained from the same starting nanopowder and thus with a similar concentration of conductor phase at 10 mol% RuO2. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous detection of two bacterial pathogens using bacteriophage amplification coupled with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Rees Jon C. , Voorhees Kent J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe simultaneous analysis of multiple target microorganisms using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) with bacteriophage amplification is discussed. Following infection of target bacteria with specific bacteriophages, proteins contained in the progeny phage are utilized as a secondary biomarker for the target bacterium. Escherichia coli when mixed with MS2 and MPSS‐1 phages specific for E. coli and Salmonella spp., respectively, at levels below their corresponding detection limits, produced only the protein (13.7 kDa) characteristic of the MS2. Likewise, Salmonella spp. when mixed with the two phages only produced a protein (13.5 kDa) characteristic of MPSS‐1. When the two bacteria and the two phages were mixed together, proteins characteristic of MS2 and MPSS‐1 were observed indicating that both bacteriophages had been amplified. Identification of each bacterium was made based on the presence of the secondary bacteriophage biomarkers. No deleterious effects on bacteriophage amplification were observed because of the presence of multiple bacteria or bacteriophages. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of seven benzoylphenylurea insecticides in processed fruit and vegetables using high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sannino Anna , Bandini Mirella 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA liquid chromatographic method with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) has been developed for the sensitive and selective determination of seven benzoylphenylurea insecticide residues (diflubenzuron, triflumuron, lufenuron, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, chlorfuazuron, hexaflumuron) in pear baby purée, concentrated lemon juice, and tomato pulp. The general sample extraction/partition method for our established multiresidue methods has been used. The entire procedure involves extraction of residues with acetone and partition into ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. Chromatographic determination was performed using a C18 column and isocratic elution. Fourteen MS/MS transitions of precursor ions were monitored (two for each pesticide) using negative ESI. The majority of mean recoveries at fortification levels of 0.002–0.020 and 0.020–0.200 mg/kg were in the range 77–102% with relative standard deviations between 2 and 10%. The excellent sensitivity and selectivity of this LC/MS/MS method allowed quantitation and identification at low levels in difficult matrices with a run time of 4 min. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute isotopic composition and atomic weight of neodymium using thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Motian , Zhou Tao , Wang Jun , Lu Hai , Fang Xiang , Guo Chunhua , Li Qiuli , Li Chaofeng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSynthetic mixtures prepared gravimetrically from highly enriched isotopes of neodymium in the form of oxides of well‐defined purity were used to calibrate a thermal ionization mass spectrometer. A new error analysis was applied to calculate the final uncertainty of the atomic weight value. Measurements on natural neodymium samples yielded an absolute isotopic composition of 27.153(19) atomic percent (at.%) 142Nd, 12.173(18) at.% 143Nd, 23.798(12) at.% 144Nd, 8.293(7) at.% 145Nd, 17.189(17) at.% 146Nd, 5.756(8) at.% 148Nd, and 5.638(9) at.% 150Nd, and the atomic weight of neodymium as 144.2415(13), with uncertainties given on the basis of 95% confidence limits. No isotopic fractionation was found in terrestrial neodymium materials. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.