bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sufi Who Was a Sayyid: Muḥammad Ḥusaynī Gesūdarāz’s Assertions of Spiritual Authority
Authors: Malik Pia Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the context of contested succession within a silsila (lineage) of sufis, this paper studies Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusaynī Gesūdarāz’s (d. 1422) recourse to a familial genealogy in order to claim the status of a pīr or sufi master, while attempting to entrench his legacy in Gulbarga where he emigrated to from Delhi after the incursions of Timur (d. 1405). As he arrived in the Deccan at the turn of the fifteenth century, Gesūdarāz used his kinship with the Prophet and particularly his identity of sayyid (a descendant of the Prophet through Ḥusayn) as a persuasive device, to set himself apart from other sufi shaykhs in the area who claimed an equivalent spiritual genealogy. The case of Gesūdarāz reveals a societal pattern wherein the identity of sayyid was gaining new traction, and relational ties were evoked not only as a means of establishing an identity as part of a community but also to supersede others who made the same claim. Kinship was a device through which Gesūdarāz staked his claim to authority, and it was also a mechanism that he and his family utilized to cement their hold on the Muslim community of Gulbarga.
International Perspectives on Jordan’s Legislation on Deprivation of Liberty Prior to Trial
Authors: Abuanzeh Amal , Søndergaard Elna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The right to personal liberty is fundamental for individuals and societies based on the rule of law. The United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights and United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights broadly define rules limiting possible pre-trial detention and protecting against arbitrary detention. Since 1961 the Code of Criminal Procedure has regulated detention in Jordan and in 2017, there were comprehensive revisions of the Code on these matters. To better understand factors that shaped the scope of the Code revisions in 2017 and to question whether the Code of Criminal Procedure fully adheres to ICCPR international human rights norms, this paper will draw upon political and legal debates prior to 2017 and upon legislative amendments, legislative text and subsequent jurisprudence. In so doing, this paper will critically examine whether the Jordanian legislation respects the right of personal liberty.
A Historical-Comparative Approach to the Kikongo Language Cluster, with a Special Focus on Cabinda
Authors: Goes Heidi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My doctoral dissertation is aimed at gaining a better understanding of how the Kikongo Language Cluster (klc) as we know it today was shaped through time, with a special focus on Cabinda, Angola. It does so by adopting a historical-comparative linguistic approach to phonological, morphophonological and morphological variation which current-day language varieties manifest, both among each other and with regard to historical varieties for which documentation is available. This diachronic study spanning nearly four centuries complements earlier studies on the history of the klc within the BantUGent research group, especially the lexicon-based phylogenetic classifications. It has relied on the vast, multifaceted and long-range documentation on the klc accumulated since the KongoKing project (2012–2016) and continued during the BantuFirst project (2018–2023). The PhD thesis is cumulative, including four articles pertaining to (1) Bantu spirantisation and 7 > 5 vowel reduction, (2) progressive vowel harmony involving verb derivational suffixes, (3) the broader morphophonology of the verb ending *-ide, and (4) diminutive marking. These articles are preceded by an introduction including several original-language maps of Cabinda and other data from several fieldwork missions. The conclusion offers answers to the dissertation’s four main research questions, three pertaining to the historical development of the klc and one to the planned promotion across Cabinda of the standardised language Ibinda.
Chanting Ancestors’ Names
Authors: Wandejia (Ban De Skyabs)  
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancestral genealogies convey significance not only for individual life experience but also for the collective memory of an ethnic group. Some Tibetans, who call themselves ‘Prommi’ in Muli and elsewhere in Sichuan, have an inherited text known as the ‘Funeral Genealogy’ relating to the Ldong paternal lineage within their group; it is written in archaic Tibetan and presents the historical memory and culture of the Prommi people. Through a discussion of the funerary text’s locale, oral and archaic writing characteristics, this paper explains the special understanding of the ‘Ldong’ clan ancestors of the Prommi people as well as their views, as found in the Bon religion, on the origin of things, the origin of life (with a ternary view of divinities, humans and demons), life after death, the concept of clans and the family’s historical memory of the father–son connection in the ancestral genealogy. This will provide new historical and cultural data for studying groups sometimes referred to as ‘ancient Qiang’.
Men in Tights: Charles De Lorme (1584–1678) and the First Plague Costume
Authors: Mattie Herbert J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of the plague doctor, as it comes down to us from history – wearing a mask, a long robe, hat and gloves, and carrying a cane – is compiled from at least three sources, each of them having their own intrinsic obliquity: the prints from 1656, the descriptions in Michel de Saint-Martin’s book about Charles de Lorme, and the print and description in Jean-Jacques Manget’s plague treatise from 1721. This article focuses on the description of the plague suit in Charles de Lorme’s biography by Saint-Martin. This biographer had a reputation for being eccentric and gullible, and there are assertions in his book that are demonstrably incorrect. Still, if Saint-Martin’s description is to be trusted, then de Lorme’s plague suit bore hardly any resemblance to the well-known images of the plague doctor, whose historicity is already very dubious. The habit of merging these contradictory data commenced in the context of retrospection when ppe gained renewed relevance around the turn of the twentieth century. Scholars and educators should be aware of this when they use depictions and descriptions of plague doctors in the context of the history of medicine.
Second Thoughts? The International Adjudication of Environmental Disputes 30 Years Later
Authors: Viñuales Jorge E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The role of international adjudication with respect to environmental disputes has been a matter of significant debate, particularly since the late 1980s. Scepticism about the creation of an international environmental court, the lack of use of specialised environmental chambers and the rise of non-compliance procedures largely supported the view that international adjudication had a limited role to play in this context. This conventional view is today being reconsidered. This is due in part to the surge in domestic climate litigation but also, as argued in this brief contribution, to the potential of international adjudication to address the challenges that had once supported arguments against it, namely (1) the ambiguity and indeterminacy of substantive provisions in multilateral environmental treaties; (2) States’ own capacity limitations to discharge their duties under such treaties, and (3) the need for treaty regimes to accommodate changing social, economic, political and, of course, environmental circumstances.
Authorisations to Emit Greenhouse Gases – A Conflict-of-Laws Perspective
Authors: Pasqua Marco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within the framework of private climate litigation, where injured people bring civil claims concerning the liability of companies for the harmful effects of their polluting activities before domestic courts, this contribution investigates the role of authorisations to emit greenhouse gases under Directive 2003/87/ec (Emissions Directive), when they are not specifically part of the lex fori (law of the forum) and lex causae (law applicable to merits). A traditional way to consider greenhouse gas emissions permits in these disputes is via the rules of safety and conduct under the Article 17 of the Regulation (ec) No. 864/2007 (Rome ii). The author of this contribution considers that there may be a different reading of such rules, i.e. the interpretative elaboration of a unilateral conflict rule in the Emissions Directive, which would allow the authorisation issued by a State whose law is different than the lex fori and lex causae ones before the courts of EU Member States to be relied upon. Furthermore the authorisation, in circulating, carries with it the (possible) exempting effect under the civil liability rule of the State issuing the authorisation.
Comparative Public Law and Water Crisis
Authors: Louvin Roberto , Benedetti Ezio , Viola Pasquale 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Environmental degradation and anthropogenic climate change severely affect natural resources, thus fostering the need for effective tools to cope with multiple concerns. Within this scenario, the article aims to address public law policies and legislation in reference to water management, with a focus on three specific issues: 1) environmental cost, 2) participation and water management, 3) alternative dispute resolutions (adr s) and water disputes. The first part is based on the analysis of environmental cost related to the degradation and exhaustion of water ecosystems as a result of an activity (e.g., as a result of withdrawal and/or pollution), as well as related to the supply scarcity. The second part deals with participation, co-participation and multi-level governance systems in the context of deliberative decision-making processes. The third part highlights the key role of participation and proximity in resolving disputes within local communities through the analysis of specific cases (i.e., the Tribunal de las Aguas, the Sudovi za vodu, and the Médiateur de l’eau).
Recognition of a Danish Monetary Penalty in Employment Matters and Public Policy
Authors: Biagioni Giacomo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contribution is focused on a recent decision of the Italian Supreme Court, in which it was held that a Danish judgment imposing a monetary sanction (bod) on an employer for the failure to perform its obligations under a collective employment contract can be recognized in Italy under Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012 (applicable to Denmark via the 2005 EU-Denmark Agreement). The request to refuse recognition had been raised on the assumption that the Danish measure amounted to a condemnation to punitive damages and was thus incompatible with public policy. The Corte di Cassazione came to the opposite conclusion, but the solution reached may cause a mixed reaction. It is regrettable that, notwithstanding the applicability of Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012, the Italian Supreme Court simply relied on the principles developed in its previous judgment No. 16601/2017 (concerning a judgment of a non-EU court) and did not deem it necessary to request a preliminary ruling from the European Court of Justice (“cjeu”) on the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the mentioned Regulation. In a different vein, it is to be welcomed that the nature of the foreign measure was assessed in accordance with the so-called Engel criteria, developed by the European Court of Human Rights. However, the analysis conducted in the instant case by the Italian Supreme Court, which appeared to overlook some characteristics of the Danish bod, is not completely convincing.
On the Formation and Maintenance of the Interannual Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Yang Yang , Liang X. San , He Wei-Bang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the observation that the interannual variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is associated with the ensemble emergence of individual NAO events occurring on the intraseasonal time scale, one naturally wonders how the intraseasonal processes cause the interannual variability and what the dynamics are underlying the multiscale interaction. Using a novel time-dependent and spatially localized multiscale energetics formalism, this study investigates the dynamical sources for the NAO events with different phases and interannual regimes. For the positive-phase events (NAO+), the intraseasonal-scale kinetic energy (K1) over the North Atlantic sector is significantly enhanced for NAO+ occurring in the negative NAO winter regime (NW), compared to those in the positive winter regime (PW). It is caused by the enhanced inverse cascading from synoptic transients and reduced energy dispersion during the life cycle of NAO+ in NW. For the negative-phase events (NAO−), K1 is significantly larger during the early and decay stages of NAO− in NW than that in PW, whereas the reverse occurs in the peak stage. Inverse cascading and baroclinic energy conversion are primary drivers in the formation of the excessive K1 during the early stage of NAO− in NW, whereas only the latter contributes to the larger K1 during the decay stage of NAO− in NW compared to that in PW. The barotropic transfer from the mean flow, inverse cascading, and baroclinic energy conversion are all responsible for the strengthened K1 in the peak stage of NAO− in PW.
An Investigation of the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Extreme Dry and Wet Events across NLDAS-2 Models
Authors: Pascolini-Campbell Madeleine , Reager John T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extreme hydrological events (including droughts and floods) produce severe social and economic impacts. Monitoring hydrological processes from remote sensing is necessary to improve understanding and preparedness for these events, with current missions focusing on a range of hydrological variables (i.e., SWOT, SMAP, and GRACE). This study uses output from three state-of-the-art land surface assimilation models and an event clustering algorithm to identify the characteristic spatial and temporal scales of large-scale extreme dry and wet events in the contiguous United States for three major hydrological processes: precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture. We also examine the sensitivity of extreme event characteristics to model resolution and assess intermodel differences. We find that models generally agree in terms of the mean characteristics of events: precipitation dry events are of shorter duration in comparison with soil moisture and runoff events, and more intense events tend to be smaller in area. We also find that mean spatial and temporal characteristics are highly dependent on model resolution—important in the context of detecting and monitoring these events. Results from this study can be used to inform land surface model development, extreme hydrology event detection, and sampling requirements of upcoming remote sensing missions in hydrology.

Significance Statement
Understanding the fundamental characteristics of dry and wet extreme events (droughts and floods) is of importance for improving our preparedness and response to events, as well as for designing satellite observing systems that can adequately monitor them. Here we use output from land surface models to determine the average size and duration of large-scale extreme events for the contiguous United States using fine temporal data. We find that events that are most extreme—the most severe floods and droughts—tend to be shorter in duration and smaller in size. We also present an assessment of how three commonly used land surface models detect extreme hydrological events, which is important for assessments based on models. These findings are important for understanding the proportion of events that may be not adequately resolved by current hydrology remote sensing missions.
Use of Stroboscopic Goggles in Suture Training Improves Precision and Accuracy
Authors: Hinton Jeremy , Brantley Steven , Berulava Ekaterina , Kim Sean , Kamel Makrina , Lungstrom Nate , Martin Katelyn , Walser Ronald , Selski Daniel 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to quantify the impact of intermittent visual occlusion via stroboscopic goggles on suture accuracy and precision.MethodsThis crossover study recruited and randomized 72 graduate students to train with stroboscopic goggles early or late in structured suture practice. Participants completed assessments of 10 running sutures with 2 training sessions between baseline and follow-up assessments. The procedure was repeated after crossover. Suture photos were analyzed using ImageJ. Total error among all measurements represented accuracy; standard deviation of error represented precision. Intra- and inter-group trends were identified with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.ResultsBoth groups significantly improved in accuracy in the sessions immediately following goggle use, but the group that used goggles later in training continued improving in accuracy and precision while the group that trained with stroboscopic goggles early plateaued.ConclusionsUsing stroboscopic goggles showed quantifiable benefit for augmenting suture training with greatest effect after initial skill acquisition is completed.
Role of Age as a Predictor of Major Complications After Elective Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Areán-Sanz Rodrigo , Ore Ana Sofía , Vigna Carolina , Cataldo Giulio , Lynch Andrew W. , Cataldo Thomas E. , Messaris Evangelos 
Published: November 2023

Background The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the elderly population is increasing. The aim of this study was to assess the degree to which age and other factors increase the risk of developing major complications in patients undergoing elective surgery for UC. Methods Using the ACS-NSQIP database from 2016 to 2020, patients undergoing elective surgery for UC were divided into four categories: younger than 30, 30-49, 50-69, and 70 or older. A composite outcome was created including major complications and multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with composite major complications. Results 5946 patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis who underwent elective surgery were included in the analysis. 14.1% of all patients developed a major complication. For patients with UC, factors associated with the development of a major complication were age 50-69 (OR 1.31, P = .034), male sex (OR 1.38, P < .001), Black race (OR 1.47, P = .049), dependent status (OR 2.06, P = .028), hypoalbuminemia (OR 1.92, P < .001), preoperative steroid treatment (OR 1.27, P = .038), preoperative transfusion (OR 1.91, P < .001), open surgical approach (OR 1.44, P = .002), and partial colectomy (OR 1.51, P = .007). Specifically in patients aged 70 or older, hypoalbuminemia (OR 3.20, P < .001) and preoperative transfusion (OR 2.78, P = .019) were associated with a major complication. Conclusion Age is a risk factor for the development of a major complication in UC patients undergoing elective surgery. However, it is not the only risk factor nor is it the one that increases the risk the most.
Endovascular treatment of systematic isolated mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen: Bare stents alone versus stent-assisted coiling
Authors: Wu Huan , Tang Bo , Zhang Haolong , Ran Kun , Chen Yikuan , Luo Hailong 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment have not been directly compared in symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen. Thus, we compared the early and mid-term outcomes of bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment to determine the most effective remedy for patients with this condition. Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with systematic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen admitted to the study hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Their demographic data, clinical findings, treatment options, early outcomes, and follow-up results were analyzed. Results: A total of 85 patients (83 men) were included. 34.1% (n = 29) adopted bare stent treatment and 65.9% (n = 56) underwent bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. The symptoms were relieved in all patients (100%) with bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the two endovascular treatments ( p = 0.354). The cumulative complete remodeling rate was 100% in bare stent-assisted coiling treatment vs. 70.4% in bare stent treatment ( p < 0.0001). The prevalence of adverse events for abdominal pain recurrence (none in BST or bare stent-assisted coiling treatment), and formation of the aneurysm (two in bare stent treatment, and none in bare stent-assisted coiling treatment) showed no significant difference at follow-up. Conclusion: Both bare stent treatment and bare stent-assisted coiling treatment for symptomatic isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection with a patent false lumen have the same satisfying early outcome. In the midterm follow-up, bare stent-assisted coiling treatment has the higher cumulative complete remodeling rate which could be prioritized to treat this condition.
The efficacy and safety of adding celecoxib to escitalopram for improving symptoms of major depressive disorder
Authors: Nadi Sakhvidi Mohammad , Salami Zanireh , Mosadegh Maryam , Bidaki Reza , Fallahzadeh Hossien , Salehabadi Razie , Arjmandi Malihe 
Published: November 2023

Objective There is growing evidence that adding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to some psychopharmacological treatments may help to improve symptoms in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. The present study examined the therapeutic efficacy of adding celecoxib to escitalopram and the safety of doing so. Method In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to either treatment with escitalopram plus celecoxib (intervention group) or escitalopram and placebo. All patients were evaluated blind to treatment group with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) before the intervention as well at 4 and 8 weeks after initiating treatment. Chi-square and paired t-test were used to examine between-group differences at those assessment times. Results There was no significant difference in depressive symptoms between intervention and placebo groups at baseline. However, at 4 and 8 weeks after the beginning of treatment, there were significant between-group differences in HDRS scores, favoring the intervention group. No between-group differences were found in treatment-related side effects. Conclusions Adding celecoxib to escitalopram may improve symptoms of depression in patients with major depressive disorder without increasing the risk of drug-related side effects.