bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CBUF model II applied to exemplary NZ furniture (NZ‐CBUF)
Authors: Enright Patrick A. , Fleischmann Charles M. , Vandevelde Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the comprehensive EC‐sponsored initiative, CBUF (combustion behaviour of upholstered furniture), three models were developed for furniture fire prediction. The second of these models, CBUF model II, is based on an area convolution technique with expressions of burning area over time determined for furniture types. In this paper, the CBUF model II was applied to a set of exemplary New Zealand (NZ) upholstered furniture items. CBUF Model II was not found to predict with goodness the combustion behaviour of the NZ upholstered furniture. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an efficient GLC system with a mixed chiral stationary phase and its application to the separation of optical isomers
Authors: Tamogami Shigeyuki , Awano Ken‐ichi , Amaike Masayasu , Takagi Yoshikazu , Kitahara Takeshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to overcome the limitations of the methodology for the separation of enantiomers in GLC analysis, we successfully developed a novel GLC column named ‘Chiramix’, coated with a mixture of two chiral stationary phases, heptakis‐(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐pentyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (2,6‐Me‐3‐Pe‐β‐CD) and octakis‐(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐trifluoroacetyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin (2,6‐Me‐3‐TFAc‐γ‐CD). It was proved that the ‘Chiramix’ column is greatly superior to those with a single chiral phase for separating enantiomers of compounds with various functional groups. As a successful example, this was applied to the analysis of multicomponent systems, such as peach flavours, and the enantiomeric purities of several components of monoterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and lactones were determined exactly and simultaneously. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential oil composition of Thymus lotocephallus G. López & R. Morales, collected during flowering and vegetative phases
Authors: Cristina Figueiredo A. , Miguel M. G. , Duarte A. M. F. , Barroso José G. , Pedro Luis G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aerial parts of Thymus lotocephalus were collected during the flowering and vegetative phases of the plant in the Algarve, Portugal. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and distillation–extraction and analysed by GC and GC–MS. The oil isolated from the flowers was obtained in a yield of 0.9%, whereas those isolated from the leaves during flowering and vegetative phases showed lower yields, 0.7% and 0.2% (v/w), respectively. The oils isolated from both the flowers and the leaves were dominated by the oxygen‐containing monoterpenes (57–64%). The monoterpene hydrocarbons (11–22%) and the oxygen‐containing sesquiterpenes (7–14%) were the two other main fractions of these oils. 1,8‐Cineole (10–19%), linalyl acetate (6–14%) and linalol (4–12%) were the main components of all the oils studied. Intermedeol (2–4%), β‐caryophyllene oxide (2–3%) and viridiflorol (1–3%) were the main components of the oxygen‐containing sesquiterpene fraction. The diterpene abietatriene was present in trace amounts (<0.05%) in all the oils. Depending on the plant part studied and on the isolation procedure used, these oils can be characterized either by 1,8‐cineole/linalol/linalyl acetate or 1,8‐cineole type. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of lavandulol carbon skeleton based on limonene. Synthesis of isotetrahydrolavandulol
Authors: Kula Józef , Wilczyńska Janina , Chmielecka Ilona 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStarting from limonene 2,5,6‐trimethylheptan‐1‐ol, an alcohol with a lavandulol skeleton have been synthesized. The key step of the synthesis was catalytic hydrogenolysis of 3‐isopropenyl‐6‐oxo‐heptanal, providing 5,6‐dimethylheptan‐2‐ol in a good yield. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Edge‐based finite element method for shallow water equations
Authors: Ribeiro F. L. B. , Galeão A. C. , Landau L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes an edge‐based implementation of the generalized residual minimum (GMRES) solver for the fully coupled solution of non‐linear systems arising from finite element discretization of shallow water equations (SWEs). The gain in terms of memory, floating point operations and indirect addressing is quantified for semi‐discrete and space–time analyses. Stabilized formulations, including Petrov–Galerkin models and discontinuity‐capturing operators, are also discussed for both types of discretization. Results illustrating the quality of the stabilized solutions and the advantages of using the edge‐based approach are presented at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorbing boundary condition on elliptic boundary for finite element analysis of water wave diffraction by large elongated bodies
Authors: Bhattacharyya Subrata Kumar , Sathyapal Santhosh , Vendhan Chiruvai P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a domain method of solution of exterior scalar wave equation, the radiation condition needs to be imposed on a truncation boundary of the modelling domain. The Bayliss, Gunzberger and Turkel (BGT) boundary dampers of first‐ and second‐orders, which require a circular cylindrical truncation boundary in the diffraction‐radiation problem of water waves, have been particularly successful in this task. However, for an elongated body, an elliptic cylindrical truncation boundary has the potential to reduce the modelling domain and hence the computational effort. Grote and Keller [On non‐reflecting boundary conditions. Journal of Computational Physics 1995; 122: 231–243] proposed extension of the first‐ and second‐order BGT dampers for the elliptic radiation boundary and used these conditions to the acoustic scattering by an elliptic scatterer using the finite difference method. In this paper, these conditions are implemented for the problem of diffraction of water waves using the finite element method. Also, it is shown that the proposed extension works well only for head‐on wave incidence. To remedy this, two new elliptic dampers are proposed, one for beam‐on incidence and the other for general wave incidence. The performance of all the three dampers is studied using a numerical example of diffraction by an elliptic cylinder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical techniques for a three‐dimensional FEM analysis of incompressible fluid flow contained with slip walls and a downstream tube bundle
Authors: Eguchi Yuzuru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo practical techniques are proposed in this paper to simulate a flow contained in a plenum with a downstream tube bundle under a PC environment. First, a technique to impose slip wall conditions on smooth‐faced planes and sharp edges is proposed to compensate for the mesh coarseness relative to boundary layer thickness. In particular, a new type of Poisson equation is formulated to simultaneously satisfy both such velocity boundary conditions on walls and the incompressibility constraint. Second, a numerical model for a downstream tube bundle is proposed, where hydraulic resistance in a tube is imposed as a traction boundary condition on a fluid surface contacting the tube bundle end. The effectiveness of the techniques is numerically demonstrated in the application to a flow in a condenser water box. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large eddy simulation of turbulent flows by a least‐squares finite element method
Authors: Ding Xu , Tsang Tate T.H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe least‐squares finite element method (LSFEM) based on first‐order formulations of governing equations has been used successfully for incompressible and compressible flows and transport processes. It has not been applied to turbulent flows. In this work, large eddy simulation (LES) with dynamic subgrid‐scale models is used to simulate turbulent flows. The LSFEM is implemented to solve the filtered LES equations for turbulent flows and transport processes. Numerical experiments have been carried out for three types of turbulent flows, turbulent channel flow, transitional recirculating flow, and thermal convective turbulent flow. Numerical results are compared with experimental data or direct numerical simulation results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A domain decomposition approach to finite volume solutions of the Euler equations on unstructured triangular meshes
Authors: Dolean Victoria , Lanteri Stéphane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on our recent efforts on the formulation and the evaluation of a domain decomposition algorithm for the parallel solution of two‐dimensional compressible inviscid flows. The starting point is a flow solver for the Euler equations, which is based on a mixed finite element/finite volume formulation on unstructured triangular meshes. Time integration of the resulting semi‐discrete equations is obtained using a linearized backward Euler implicit scheme. As a result, each pseudo‐time step requires the solution of a sparse linear system for the flow variables. In this study, a non‐overlapping domain decomposition algorithm is used for advancing the solution at each implicit time step. First, we formulate an additive Schwarz algorithm using appropriate matching conditions at the subdomain interfaces. In accordance with the hyperbolic nature of the Euler equations, these transmission conditions are Dirichlet conditions for the characteristic variables corresponding to incoming waves. Then, we introduce interface operators that allow us to express the domain decomposition algorithm as a Richardson‐type iteration on the interface unknowns. Algebraically speaking, the Schwarz algorithm is equivalent to a Jacobi iteration applied to a linear system whose matrix has a block structure. A substructuring technique can be applied to this matrix in order to obtain a fully implicit scheme in terms of interface unknowns. In our approach, the interface unknowns are numerical (normal) fluxes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high resolution upwind scheme for multi‐component flows
Authors: Igra D. , Takayama K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConservative schemes usually produce non‐physical oscillations in multi‐component flow solutions. Many methods were proposed to avoid these oscillations. Some of these correction schemes could fix these oscillations in the pressure profile at discontinuities, but the density profile still remained diffused between the two components. In the case of gas–liquid interfaces, density diffusion is not acceptable. In this paper, the interfacial correction scheme proposed by Cocchi et al. was modified to be used in conjunction with the level‐set approach. After each time step two grid points that bound the interface are recalculated by using an exact Riemann solver so that pressure oscillations and the density diffusion at discontinuities were eliminated. The scheme presented here can be applied to any type of conservation law solver. Some examples solved by this scheme and their results are compared with the exact solution when available. Good agreement is obtained between the present results and the exact solutions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hedging in Incomplete Markets: An Approximation Procedure for Practical Application
Authors: Breuer Wolfgang , Gürtler Marc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDerivative financial instruments are frequently used as a tool for influencing the risk of entrepreneurial uncertain payoff. To this end, an approximation procedure is developed capable of calculating the optimal quantity of derivatives to be used. It is assumed that the entrepreneurial cash flow is governed by several stochastic factors and that derivatives are only available as a hedging tool for one of these factors. In general, it is easy to determine optimal hedging payment structures with respect to this factor, but real‐life hedging opportunities will typically not allow to perfectly reproduce such a fictitious payment structure, thus leading to complex numerical optimization problems. Instead of directly approximating the entrepreneurial expected utility maximum, we suggest using the fictitious optimal hedging payment structure as a starting point and to minimize the quadratic deviation between payment structures realizable by financial derivatives actually available and the resulting entrepreneurial payoff achieving the fictitious optimal hedging payment structure. This approach proves to be rather easy. Indeed, under certain conditions an explicit solution can be reached. After analyzing the qualitative properties of our approximation solution, we examine its efficiency for two practical hedging problems. In the first example, we get nearly the same solutions with our approximation procedure as with a grid programming approach presented by some other authors. Among other things, our second example may explain why some special kinds of financial derivatives, known as shared currency option under tenders, are not used in international invitations for tenders even though they offer hedging opportunities that are otherwise not available. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21: 599–631, 2001
Differential involvement of the hypermethylator phenotype in hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancers with high‐frequency microsatellite instability
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Min Yongfen , Itoh Fumio , Imsumran Arisa , Horiuchi Shina , Yoshida Mio , Iku Shouhei , Fukushima Hiroshi , Imai Kohzoh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh‐frequency microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) due to defective DNA mismatch repair occurs in the majority of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCCs) and in a subset of sporadic malignant tumors. Clinicopathologic and genotypic features of MSI‐H colorectal tumors in HNPCC patients and those in sporadic cases are very similar but not identical. Correlation between the MSI phenotype and aberrant DNA methylation has been highlighted recently. A strong association between MSI and CpG island methylation has been well characterized in sporadic colorectal cancers with MSI‐H but not in those of hereditary origin. To address the issue, we analyzed hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancers for aberrant DNA methylation of target genes using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction. DNA methylation of the MLH1, CDKN2A, MGMT, THBS1, RARB, APC, and p14ARF genes was found in 0%, 23%, 10%, 3%, 73%, 53%, and 33% of 30 MSI‐H cancers in HNPCC patients and in 80%, 55%, 23%, 23%, 58%, 35%, and 50% of 40 sporadic colorectal cancers with MSI‐H, respectively. Cases showing methylation at three or more loci of six genes other than MLH1 were defined as CpG island methylator phenotype–positive (CIMP+), and 23% of HNPCC tumors and 53% of sporadic cancers with MSI‐H were CIMP+ (P = 0.018). Differences in the extent of CpG island methylation, coupled with the differential involvement of several genes by methylation, in HNPCC tumors and sporadic MSI‐H colorectal cancers may be associated with diverging developmental pathways in hereditary and sporadic cancers despite similar MSI‐H phenotypes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late‐appearing MLL rearrangement arising as a secondary change in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rowe David , Breese Gareth J. , Lennard Anne , Bown Nick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRearrangements of MLL are regarded as primary oncogenic events in acute leukemia. We report the case of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia with a complex abnormal karyotype at diagnosis who showed a putative stem line with monosomy 5 and a rearrangement of chromosome 17 as the only abnormalities and an evolved clone with an additional t(7,16,11)(p1?4;p13;q23) after treatment. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed that the translocation had resulted in an MLL rearrangement not present in the stem line or in the complex clones found at diagnosis. To date, this is the first report of an MLL rearrangement evolving as a secondary abnormality within a preexisting leukemic clone. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome profiling of breast cancer cells selected against in vitro shows copy number changes
Authors: Kleivi Kristine , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Heim Sverre , Tsarouha Haroula , Kraggerud Sigrid M. , Pandis Nikos , Papadopoulou Anna , Andersen Johan , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Teixeira Manuel R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbout 20% of breast carcinomas show no clonal chromosome abnormalities when analyzed after short‐term culturing. An interesting question is whether this subset of breast carcinomas really is karyotypically normal or if selection for normal cells occurred in vitro. To address this issue, 26 breast carcinomas that had shown no cytogenetic changes by chromosome banding analysis were examined by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), a technique that does not require culturing or tumor metaphase cells. All but one case showed copy number changes by CGH (median, four). A comparison of these findings with those of a karyotypically abnormal series analyzed using the same CGH protocol found that the cytogenetically “normal” cases were typically genetically less complex (median, four and eight, respectively; P = 0.0058). Although largely the same alterations were found in both series, some differences with respect to the frequencies of specific imbalances were seen. Gains of 3p and 6q and losses of 10q, 14q, and 17p more often were found in the cytogenetically abnormal series than in the normal tumors. We conclude that in most instances cells found to be normal by chromosome banding analysis after short‐term culture do not belong to the tumor parenchyma. Furthermore, when we compared the distribution of the number of imbalances detected by CGH in the total data set according to the mitotic index in vivo (scored from 1 to 3), the median values were three, seven, and 18, respectively (P < 0.001). These data indicate not only that karyotypically normal breast carcinomas may represent a genetically simpler subgroup that grows poorly in vitro but also that this subset of tumors already has a slow growth rate in vivo. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel alternative PBX3 isoforms in leukemia cells with distinct interaction specificities
Authors: Milech Nadia , Kees Ursula R. , Watt Paul M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPBX3 is a member of the PBX family of TALE homeobox genes. The prototypic member, PBX1, was first identified in chromosomal translocations in B‐lineage leukemia and is required for normal hematopoiesis. PBX2 and PBX3 were later identified as members of this highly conserved family by their strong homology to PBX1. While the expression pattern of PBX1 is restricted, PBX2 and PBX3 are ubiquitously expressed. Little is known about the functional role of PBX3. Our studies identified two PBX3 transcripts alternative to the canonical forms, PBX3A and PBX3B, resulting from a novel splice in PBX3. These new isoforms, named PBX3C and PBX3D, have been detected in all tissues and cell lines tested. Intriguingly, expression of PBX3D is favored in normal cells, whereas PBX3C expression is favored in leukemia cells. Functional studies showed that PBX3C and PBX3D proteins were unable to interact with the PBX‐interacting factor PREP1 and weakly interacted with MEIS proteins. We propose that PBX3C and PBX3D may affect PBX3‐mediated transcriptional regulation by acting in opposition to the known PBX proteins through alternative PBX3 complex formation. The identification and characterization of these novel PBX3 isoforms provide a foundation for a better understanding of the biological role of PBX3. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of chromosomal deficiencies that modify Drosophila mastermind mutant phenotypes
Authors: Yedvobnick Barry , Helms Whitney , Barrett Britt 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Mastermind (Mam) is a component of Notch pathway signaling. In combination with the intracellular domain of Notch and Suppressor of Hairless, Mam forms a transcriptional activation complex. We have initiated a genetic approach to identify other loci involved in Mam function. The screen utilizes engineered mutations in Mam that derive from GAL4‐UAS‐directed expression of dominant negative constructs. When driven at the wing margin, truncated versions of Mam phenocopy Notch pathway mutations. Correlated with these phenotypes is depression of Notch pathway target expression. Strains expressing truncated versions of Mam were tested for genetic interactions with a large collection of chromosomal deficiencies. Genomic segments that enhanced and suppressed the dominant wing phenotype were identified. These regions may contain uncharacterized loci involved in Notch pathway function. genesis 30:250–258, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multipoint development of the weighted pairwise correlation (WPC) linkage method for pedigrees of arbitrary size and application to the analysis of breast cancer and alcoholism familial data
Authors: Zinn‐Justin Anne , Ziegler Andreas , Abel Laurent 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe weighted pairwise correlation (WPC) method is a simple and powerful model‐free method of linkage analysis that has the advantages of being applicable to binary, ordered categorical, quantitative, or censored traits, and to consider all pairs of relatives in large pedigrees. The originally implemented approach was limited to the use of the identical by state (IBS) information, and we recently extended the WPC method to incorporate the identical by descent (IBD) information for two‐point linkage analysis. Here, we develop a multipoint WPC method suitable for pedigrees of arbitrary size and large number of markers. The multipoint IBD estimation procedure for relative pairs is based on the efficient regression approach developed for pedigrees implemented in SOLAR. A robust and fast Monte‐Carlo procedure is used to determine reliable P values. Application of the method to the 214 pedigrees from the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium provided for the Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 9 shows that multipoint WPC statistic values were not far from two‐point maximum lod‐score values obtained by the classical parametric linkage method and were higher than multipoint variance component analysis lod‐scores obtained with SOLAR. The multipoint WPC method is also used to analyze the familial Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism data on alcoholism released for GAW11. It allows a better specification of the linkage results previously obtained within the chromosome 4 region. Genet. Epidemiol. 21:40–52, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A unified framework for transmission‐disequilibrium test analysis of discrete and continuous traits
Authors: Liu Ying , Tritchler David , Bull Shelley B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a unified framework for transmission‐disequilibrium tests for discrete and continuous traits. A conditional score test is derived that maximizes power to detect small effects for any exponential family distribution, which includes binary and normal distributions, and distributions that are skewed or have non‐normal kurtosis. The specific distributional form need not be specified, and the method applies to sibships of arbitrary size. Formulas for the distribution of the test statistic are given for models including complex genetic effects (additive, dominant, and recessive gene action), covariates, multiple gene models including gene‐gene interactions or heterogeneity, and gene‐environment interactions. We develop refinements of our method for trait‐based sampling designs and multiple siblings that can have dramatic effects on power. Genet. Epidemiol. 22:26–40, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.