bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of atrial fibrillation on oxygen uptake and haemodynamics in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schmid Veronika , Foulkes Stephen J , Dziano Jenelle K , Wang Jing , Verwerft Jan , Elliott Adrian D , Haykowsky Mark J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exacerbate exercise intolerance and haemodynamic limitations in individuals with heart failure (HF). Therefore, we performed a systematic search and meta-analysis to quantify the impact of AF on exercise tolerance (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak; primary outcome) and exercise haemodynamics (secondary outcomes) in patients with HF.

Methods and results
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for articles from inception to June 2024. Studies were included if they: (i) examined participants with HF; (ii) compared participants with AF to those not in AF (i.e. sinus rhythm); (iii) measured VO2peak from expired gas analysis. A fixed effects meta-analysis was performed, with groups compared using the weighted average effect size, represented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Of 573 identified studies, 16 met the full inclusion comparing VO2peak in HF-patients in AF [HF-AF; n = 1,271, 68% male, 67 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 41%], and HF in sinus rhythm (HF-SR; n = 4910; 62% male, 62 years, LVEF: 41%). VO2peak was significantly lower in HF-AF (WMD: −1.55mL/kg/min, 95%-CI: −1.81 to −1.28, n = 6471). This coincided with a slightly lower peak heart rate (WMD: −2.94 b/min, 95%-CI: −4.76 to −1.13 b/min, n = 5115), decreased O2pulse (WMD: −1.58 mL/beat, 95% CI: −1.90 to −1.26, n = 3049), and lower systolic blood pressure (WMD: −11.11 mmHg, 95% CI: −14.01 to −8.21, n = 2409).

Conclusion
In patients with HF, AF is associated with greater VO2peak impairment, potentially due to reduced stroke volume and/or arterio-venous oxygen difference. This highlights the importance of combined strategies to identify and manage AF in individuals with HF.
Managing the Acute Cardiac Functional Crisis: A Comprehensive Review of Cardiogenic Shock Management Strategies
Authors: Mahajna Ahmad , Bolotin Gil , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition defined by the heart's inability to adequately pump blood to meet metabolic demands, leading to systemic hypoperfusion and insufficient tissue oxygenation. Despite treatment advancements, CS continues to carry high morbidity and mortality rates, especially when it follows acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Various expert groups and scientific societies have proposed recommendations and management pathways, each contributing unique insights yet sometimes overlooking important clinical considerations. This mini-review provides an updated, integrated overview of distinct CS scenarios, including ischemic, non-ischemic, and post-cardiotomy categories, and their respective treatment strategies. Additionally, this review explores management approaches that underscore the importance of early detection of inflammatory markers in non-ischemic CS and targeted therapeutic interventions for each CS subtype. Specifically, the role of pharmacological treatments is examined alongside the relevance and timing of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology and tailored management pathways for each CS type may enable clinicians to improve interventions and enhance survival and recovery in patients with CS.
Current Insights on Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support in Adults with Post-Cardiotomy Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Mahajna Ahmad , Ott Sascha , Haneya Assad , Leick Jürgen , Pilarczyk Kevin , Shehada Sharaf-Eldin , Bolotin Gil , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) is a critical condition characterized by persistent low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) that manifests either as an inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or as severe cardiac dysfunction in the immediate postoperative period despite optimal medical therapy. With an incidence of 2% to 20%, PCCS is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization. This review explores the pathophysiology of PCCS while emphasizing mechanisms such as direct myocardial damage, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and systemic effects of extracorporeal circulation. It also discusses key diagnostic tools for PCCS including echocardiography, pulmonary artery catheters (PAC), vasoactive inotropic scores (VIS), and lactate clearance, which facilitate early recognition and management. Treatment pathways center on temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS), tailored to clinical scenarios such as the inability to wean from CPB or refractory LCOS. The pivotal role of the multidisciplinary Heart Team in decision-making, collaboration, and patient-centered care is highlighted. Finally, weaning protocols and considerations for long-term outcomes are discussed, underscoring the need for timely interventions and a personalized approach. Advances PCCS management continue to evolve, aiming to improve survival and long-term outcomes for this high-risk population.
Advancement of uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in the glycosylation modification of natural products and their protein engineering
Authors: Liu Zhongyang , Xie Lianghua , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Natural products have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional industrial and medicinal value. Glycosylation, a crucial structural modification in these products, is typically mediated by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). These enzymes not only enhance the physicochemical properties of natural products but also markedly increase their biological activity. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the characteristic features of UGTs and their diverse applications in the glycosylation modification of natural products, encompassing terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and amide compounds. Special emphasis has been placed on the latest strategies in UGTs’ protein engineering and high-throughput screening methods, which provides insights into the study of UGTs' protein engineering and facilitate their application in the fields of food and medicine.
Chronic Health Cost Burden in Older Caregivers and non-Caregivers in the United States
Authors: Wylie Molly J , Tavares Jane , Silberman Susan , Glova Kerry , Pallis Maryssa , Cohen Marc A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Chronic health conditions affect the physical and financial well-being of millions of older adults, including those who themselves provide care to relatives and friends. As well, certain conditions cost more than others to manage, and older caregivers may be especially at risk of experiencing financial burden from an illness. This study investigated the association between caregiving and longitudinal change in health cost burden by measuring condition-specific expenses in a nationally-representative sample of older caregivers and non-caregivers.

Research Design and Methods
Three waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used in the analysis. Caregiver socio-demographic and financial status was matched with updated treatment and lost-wage costs for chronic conditions developed by the Milken Institute. Profiles of health cost burden were created for community-dwelling adults 60 years and older who completed the HRS core survey for all three wave years from 2016 through 2020 (N = 10,540). Bivariate and regression analyses were used to examine differences in health cost burden between caregivers and non-caregivers over time.

Results
Compared to non-caregivers, caregivers were healthier and less burdened at baseline. Yet, holding other variables constant, caregivers showed steeper increases in chronic condition prevalence and costs over a four-year period after initiating caregiving activities.

Discussion and Implications
Findings suggest that whereas older caregivers may appear to select into the caregiving role while healthier, they are more likely to experience increased economic and health burdens over time - both from medical treatment and lost wages - related to chronic conditions.
Identification of Natural Remission of Mother-to-Child Retroviral Transmission
Authors: Grover Poonam , Murata Megumi , Kidiga Maureen , Hayashi Sakura , Ode Hirotaka , Iwatani Yasumasa , Morimoto Mayumi , Natsume Takayoshi , Kaneko Akihisa , Yasunaga Jun-ichirou , Matsuoka Masao , Kuramitsu Madoka , Seki Yohei , Mizukami Takuo , Akari Hirofumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous remission once a retroviral infection has been established does not occur and infection persists lifelong.

Methods
Stored blood samples obtained from simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1)-infected Japanese macaque (JM; Macaca fuscata) mothers and their offspring during long-term follow-up as well as periodic health checkups were analyzed for proviral DNA levels, anti-STLV-1 antibody titer, DNA sequence, and viral clonality in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Results
We found spontaneous remission after the establishment of retrovirus mother-to-child transmission (MTCT); 3 JM infants were positive for the provirus at 5 and 8 months of age; however, no evidence of persistent STLV-1 infection was found in any of these infants thereafter up to 3 years of age. The viral env sequencing showed the presence of signature nucleotide polymorphisms, which were identical between each mother and infant but not others, suggesting STLV-1 MTCT. STLV-1–infected cells were capable of viral transmission and were composed of a heterogeneous population of clones, which were completely replaced between 5 and 8 months of age, suggesting the possibility of ongoing de novo infection from mother to infant cells. Furthermore, a retrospective study showed that 8 of 38 infants born to STLV-1–infected mothers developed transient infection comparable to the cases above.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate for the first time that spontaneous remission can occur after the establishment of retroviral MTCT. Our results unveil the unique dynamics of retroviral infection during MTCT.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sediment: a source of PFAS to the food web?
Authors: Endicott Douglas , Silva-Wilkinson Robin , McCauley Dennis , Armstrong Brandon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Kent Lake is an impoundment of the Huron River in southeast lower Michigan. Fish collected from Kent Lake in 2017 had high concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in fillets, which resulted in a fish consumption advisory from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. In June 2018, a major source of PFOS was identified as the City of Wixom’s wastewater treatment plant, which discharges treated effluent to Norton Creek and the Huron River five miles upstream of Kent Lake. An industrial facility, which has been in operation since approximately 2000, was found to be the source of high levels of PFOS to Wixom’s sanitary sewer. A granular activated carbon system was installed at the facility, resulting in substantial reductions in PFOS concentrations in surface water and fish from Kent Lake. However, the PFOS decline in fish tissue reached a plateau at a level exceeding the “Do Not Eat” advisory threshold. This case study sought to explore the supposition that sediment is acting as an ongoing source of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the Kent Lake food web. We sampled PFAS in biota, sediment, and water from Kent Lake and a nearby reference lake in 2021. Biota (benthos, forage fish, and predator fish) were collected from both lakes and analyzed as whole-body composites for PFAS analytes. The results, including the patterns of PFAS contamination between the water, sediment, and biota samples as well as partition coefficients and bioaccumulation factors, are consistent with PFAS in sediment acting as an ongoing source of contamination to the biota in Kent Lake. This study’s results for PFOS (the predominant PFAS in Kent Lake sediment and biota) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) provide additional lines of evidence that sediment acts as a source of PFAS to the aquatic food web.
Prophage dynamics in gastric and enterohepatic environments: unraveling ecological barriers and adaptive transitions
Authors: Proença Marta , Tanoeiro Luís , Fox James G , Vale Filipa F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phage predation plays a critical role in shaping bacterial genetic diversity, with prophages playing a comparable role. However, the prevalence and genetic variability of prophages within the Helicobacter genus remain inadequately studied. Helicobacter species are clinically significant and occupy distinct digestive system regions, with gastric species (e.g. Helicobacter pylori) residing in the gastric mucosa and enterohepatic species colonizing the liver and intestines of various vertebrates. Here, we address this knowledge gap by analyzing prophage presence and diversity across 343 non-pylori Helicobacter genomes, mapping their distribution, comparing genomic features between gastric and enterohepatic prophages, and exploring their evolutionary relationships with hosts. We identified and analyzed a catalog of 119 new complete and 78 incomplete prophages. Our analysis reveals significant differences between gastric and enterohepatic species. Gastric prophages exhibit high synteny, and cluster in a few groups, indicating a more conserved genetic structure. In contrast, enterohepatic prophages show greater diversity in gene order and content, reflecting their adaptation to varied host environments. Helicobacter cinaedi stands out, harboring a large number of prophages among the enterohepatic species, forming a distinct cohesive group. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a co-evolutionary relationship between several prophages and their bacterial hosts—though exceptions, such as the enterohepatic prophages from H. canis, H. equorum, H. jaachi, and the gastric prophage from H. himalayensis—suggesting more complex co-evolutionary dynamics like host jumps, recombination, and horizontal gene transfer. The insights gained from this study enhance our understanding of prophage dynamics in Helicobacter, emphasizing their role in bacterial adaptation, virulence, and host specificity.
Puzzling out the ecological niche construction for nitrogen fixers in a coastal upwelling system
Authors: Fontela Marcos , Román Daniel Fernández , Broullón Esperanza , Farnelid Hanna , Fernández-Carrera Ana , Marañón Emilio , Martínez-García Sandra , Rodríguez-Ramos Tamara , Varela Marta M , Mouriño-Carballido Beatriz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diazotrophs are a diverse group of microorganisms that can fertilize the ocean through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Due to the high energetic cost of this process, diazotrophy in nitrogen-replete regions remains enigmatic. We use multidisciplinary observations to propose a novel framework for the ecological niche construction of nitrogen fixers in the upwelling region off NW Iberia — one of the most productive coastal regions in Europe — characterized by weak, and intermittent wind-driven upwelling and the presence of bays. The main diazotroph detected (UCYN-A2) was more abundant and active during summer and early autumn, coinciding with relatively high temperatures (&gt;16°C), low nitrogen:phosphorus ratios (N:P &lt; 7.2), and a large contribution of ammonium (&gt;75%) to the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen available. Furthermore, nutrient amendment experiments showed that BNF is detectable when phytoplankton biomass and productivity are nitrogen limited. Seasonally recurrent biogeochemical processes driven by hydrography create an ecological niche for nitrogen fixers in this system. During the spring–summer upwelling, non-diazotroph autotrophs consume nitrate and produce organic matter inside the bays. Thereafter, the combined effect of intense remineralization on the shelf and sustained positive circulation within the bays in late summer-early autumn, conveys enhanced ammonium content and excess phosphate into the warm surface layer. The low N:P ratio confers a competitive advantage to diazotrophs since they are not restricted by nitrogen supply. The new nitrogen supply mediated by BNF could extend the productivity period and may be key reason why upwelling bays are more productive than upwelled offshore waters.
Emergence of MRSA ST612 in horses and of MSSA CC398 in cats in France
Authors: Haenni Marisa , Murri Séverine , Drapeau Antoine , Rafidinarivo Iarimino , Gilles Stéphanie , Keck Nicolas , Léon Albertine , Sulter Aline , Tricaud Marie-Capucine , François Pauline , Madec Jean-Yves 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Staphylococcus aureus is an important zoonotic pathogen that has often been seen in animals through the prism of the MRSA clonal complex (CC) 398 in pigs and in-contact humans. The goal of this study was first to assess the prevalence of MRSA, and second to look for MSSA CC398 in cats, dogs and horses in France.

Methods
Clinical S. aureus isolates (n = 479) were collected from 186 cats, 143 dogs and 150 horses during 2022–2023 all over the French territory. Antibiograms were performed on all isolates. MRSA and MSSA CC398 isolates were subject to WGS. Core genome (cg) MLST-based and SNP-based phylogenetic analyses were performed using published methodologies, and characterization of the isolates was performed using publicly available tools.

Results
Sixty-six MRSA isolates were identified in 14 cats (7.5%), 9 dogs (6.3%) and 43 horses (28.7%). The epidemiology of MRSA in cats and dogs remained stable since a previous study in 2015, with the presence of both CC398 and human-associated clones. In horses, in contrast, an important increase in MRSA (from 10% to 28.7%) was observed, potentially attributable to the emergence of the ST612 clones. In parallel, CC398 MSSA, a clone usually described as animal-independent, was found in 24.2% of the cat isolates.

Conclusions
Our study, which is leading the way to a genomic surveillance of S. aureus in France, revealed the emergence of both MRSA ST612 in horses and MSSA CC398 in cats. These clones should be closely monitored to avoid their zoonotic spread and to understand their dynamics of transmission between humans and animals.
A full review of online education resources available on antimicrobial stewardship for pet owners
Authors: Prior Cameron , March Jordana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to both human and animal health. Educational resources aimed at pet owners raise awareness of AMR and promote antimicrobial stewardship (AMS).

Objectives
To review available AMS educational resources for pet owners conveying key messages and fostering responsible antibiotic use.

Methods
A review was conducted on various educational materials targeted at pet owners. Key features assessed included content type, target audience, accessibility, engagement level and clarity of key AMS messages.

Results
A total of 16 resources targeting pet owners were identified. While many resources effectively communicated the risks of AMR and the importance of responsible antibiotic use, gaps in measurement of long-term behavioural change were noted. Resources often catered to engaged pet owners, potentially neglecting marginalized populations who may benefit from AMS education. Practical guidance on actions like proper disposal of unused medications was limited, although initiatives like the Antibiotic Amnesty campaign showed promise in promoting responsible practices.

Conclusions
Educational resources for pet owners on AMS show promise in enhancing awareness and promoting responsible antibiotic use. However, improvements in clarity, engagement strategies and addressing specific concerns of pet owners are necessary for greater impact. Further research is needed to assess long-term behavioural changes amongst pet owners in antibiotic use following exposure to these resources.
An inducible mouse model of OI type V reveals aberrant osteogenesis caused by Ifitm5 c.-14C &gt; T mutation
Authors: Tan Zhijia , Shek Hiu Tung , Li Zeluan , Xia Linjian , He Yanni , Chen Peikai , Wong Janus Siu Him , Gao Bo , Chan Danny , To Michael Kai Tsun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) Type V is typically characterized by radial head dislocation, calcification of interosseous membrane and hyperplastic callus. It is caused by the c.-14C &gt; T mutation in the 5’ UTR of IFITM5 gene, adding five amino acids (MALEP) to the N-terminal of IFITM5 protein. Previous studies have suggested a neomorphic function of the MALEP-IFITM5 protein. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear due to embryonic lethality in previous mouse models. Therefore, we developed an inducible mouse model (Ifitm5flox c.-14C &gt; T) that could be induced by Cre expressed at different developmental stages to explore the pathogenic effects of the neomorphic MALEP-IFITM5. The mutant Ifitm5 allele could be regulated by the endogenous regulatory elements after Cre recombination, maintaining its spatiotemporal expression pattern and physiological level. Specifically, Prx1-Cre; Ifitm5flox c.-14C &gt; T mutant mice were born with fractures in all limbs, showing impaired ossification and enhanced chondrogenesis associated with increased SOX9 abundance. Analyses of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed arrested osteogenesis in Prx1-Cre; Ifitm5flox c.-14C &gt; T mouse. A major population of cells expressing both osteogenic and chondrogenic signature genes was identified in the mutant mouse. Reduced expression of SP7 and SOST in the cortical regions of mutant mice confirmed delayed osteocyte maturation and compromised osteogenesis. Elevated bone marrow adipocytes were found in the adult mutant mice. Ectopic chondrogenesis and SOX9 expression were also observed in the perichondrium regions of Col1a1-Cre; Ifitm5flox c.-14C &gt; T and Ocn-Cre; Ifitm5flox c.-14C &gt; T mutant mice. The inducible Ifitm5flox c.-14C &gt; T mouse model and integrated single-cell transcriptomic analyses elucidated that ectopic expression of SOX9 and disrupted homeostatic balance among osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and adipogenesis may contribute to the pathogenesis caused by MALEP-IFITM5, helping to gain deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of type V OI.