bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kelps on demand: Closed‐system protocols for culturing large bull kelp sporophytes for research and restoration
Authors: Supratya Varoon P. , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCulturing kelps for commercial, conservation, and scientific purposes is becoming increasingly widespread. However, kelp aquaculture methods are typically designed for ocean‐based farms, and these methods may not be applicable for smaller scale cultivation efforts common in research and restoration. Growing kelps in closed, recirculating culture systems may address many of these constraints, yet closed system approaches have remained largely undescribed. Extensive declines of the bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana), an ecologically important canopy species in the Northeast Pacific, have received widespread attention and prompted numerous research and conservation initiatives. Here, we detail two approaches for cultivating N. luetkeana sporophytes in closed recirculating systems. Nereocystis luetkeana were reared as attached thalli in custom seaweed growth flumes and also free‐floating in tumble culture tanks. Careful control of stocking density, water motion, aeration, and nutrient levels allowed for rapid growth and normal morphogenesis of laboratory‐grown kelp. Culture systems reached up to 3 kg · m−3, and individual thalli attained lengths of up to 6 m before the trials were terminated. Our results demonstrate the potential of recirculating, closed culture systems to overcome limitations associated with traditional culture methods. Recirculating systems enable the precise control of culture conditions, improving biosecurity and facilitating cultivar development and other research. Kelps can be grown away from the ocean or outside their native ranges, and seasonal or annual species can be produced year‐round without seasonal constraints.
Developmental endothelial locus‐1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and alveolar bone regeneration in experimental periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ma Qian , Hu Yiyao , Li Han , Kuang Yunchun , Li Jie , Song Jinlin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to explore the role of developmental endothelial locus‐1 (DEL‐1) in osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and investigate the therapeutic effect of DEL‐1 in ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).BackgroundT2DM is a significant risk factor for periodontitis. Treatment modalities for periodontitis with T2DM are being explored. DEL‐1 is a versatile protein that can modulate the different stages of inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. The direct effect of DEL‐1 on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in periodontitis with T2DM is poorly understood.MethodsPrimary hPDLSCs were isolated from periodontal ligament tissue and identified by flow cytometry. In osteogenesis experiments, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red staining and western blot were used to assess the osteogenic effect of DEL‐1 on hPDLSCs in high glucose and inflammation environments. The mouse model of ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis was established. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining were used to assess the change of periodontal tissue after local periodontal injection of DEL‐1. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate osteogenic‐related protein expression.ResultshPDLSCs expressed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐specific surface markers and were negative for hematopoietic cell surface markers. hPDLSCs had the potential for multidirectional differentiation. DEL‐1 could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in high glucose and inflammation environments, although it did not return to the control level. Histological staining showed that DEL‐1 contributed to alveolar bone regeneration and osteogenic‐related protein expression, but the degree of improvement in T2DM mice was lower than in non‐T2DM mice.ConclusionsIn summary, we demonstrated that DEL‐1 could promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in high glucose and inflammation environment and rescue alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis with T2DM, which could provide a novel therapeutic target for periodontitis with T2DM.
Snakes and ladders: An integrative literature review of refugee doctors' workforce integration needs
Authors: Smith Samantha Eve , Livingston Patricia , Carney Elizabeth , Mardon Julie , Tallentire Victoria Ruth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare systems worldwide are facing a workforce crisis; meanwhile, refugee doctors throughout the world face difficulties in accessing work. The aims of this review were to explore the integration needs of refugee doctors into host healthcare systems from the refugee perspective, synthesise the literature to construct a theory of refugee doctor integration needs and explore how these needs are met or challenged on the pathway to full integration.MethodsIn this integrative literature review, 11 databases and eight grey literature sources were searched by combining terms for refugee doctor and social integration and limiting to research published in or after 2003. Data were extracted, and quality scoring was completed independently by two researchers. This study utilised template analysis to perform a qualitative synthesis of the data. The multidimensional template included a pre‐defined template based on a theoretical framework and a concurrent fully inductive template.ResultsTwenty‐two papers were included, incorporating the views of 339 doctors from 30 different home countries and 10 different host countries. The resultant theory included ‘foundations’ (rights and responsibilities) and three pillars. The ‘learning’ pillar included required knowledge and skills acquisition. The ‘being’ pillar encompassed necessary identity work. The ‘connecting’ pillar comprised social connections, which impacted all other domains. The random and non‐linear path to integration faced by refugee doctors was also presented as a serious game.DiscussionThis study produced a theory exploring refugee doctors' integration needs and how these are met or challenged. Medical educators developing courses for refugee doctors should attend not only to knowledge and skills acquisition but also social connections, identity work and rights and responsibilities. The theory highlights the central importance of social connections. Medical educators can therefore have a transformative impact on refugee doctors' integration. This may also contribute to society by helping to alleviate the workforce crisis.
International short‐term placements in health professions education—A meta‐narrative review
Authors: Fruhstorfer Birgit H. , Jenkins Simon P. , Davies David A. , Griffiths Frances 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn order to be prepared for professional practice in a globalised world, health professions students need to be equipped with a new set of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Experiential learning gained during an international placement has been considered as a powerful strategy for facilitating the acquisition of global health competencies.The aim of this review was to synthesise the diverse body of empirical research examining the process and outcomes of international short‐term placements in health professions education.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using a meta‐narrative methodology. Six electronic databases were searched between September 2016 and June 2022: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Education Research Complete and Web of Knowledge. Studies were included if they reported on international placements undertaken by undergraduate health professions students in socio‐economically contrasting settings. Included studies were first considered within their research tradition before comparing and contrasting findings between different research traditions.ResultsThis review included 243 papers from 12 research traditions, which were distinguished by health profession and paradigmatic approach. Empirical findings were considered in four broad themes: learner, educational intervention, institutional context and wider context. Most studies provided evidence on the learner, with findings indicating a positive impact of international placements on personal and professional development. The development of cultural competency has been more focus in research in nursing and allied health than in medicine. Whereas earlier research has focussed on the experience and outcomes for the learner, more recent studies have become more concerned with relationships between various stakeholder groups. Only few studies have looked at strategies to enhance the educational process.ConclusionThe consideration of empirical work from different perspectives provides novel understandings of what research has achieved and what needs further investigation. Future studies should pay more attention to the complex nature of the educational process in international placements.
Aerial withdrawal: An atmospheric reading of Monika Maron's Flugasche
Authors: Szczepaniak Monika 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn Monika Maron's Flugasche (1981)—the first novel from the GDR to deal with environmental issues—the poisoned atmosphere in the city of B. functions as an affective centre, around which emotions, actions and reactions of the main protagonist as well as of the other characters revolve. The journalist Josefa Nadler falls into the sphere of the environmental catastrophe and is overwhelmed by the atmospheric power of this meaningful situation. The corporeal experience of being exposed to subtle environmental violence, which has devastating consequences for the city of B. and debilitating effects on its inhabitants, evokes feelings such as fear, anger, shame and compassion. Moreover, it develops into a driving force for thoughts, decisions, commitment and resistance against the unfair air distribution, accompanied by a sense of powerlessness. The aim of the article is a re‐reading of the novel with a central focus on the largely non‐representational, affective and meteorological elemental spacetimes, which can not only be felt or bodily experienced but also designed or engineered in order to produce a certain time‐bound structure of feeling, for example, an oppressive climate of fear.
Spanish version of the Maastricht Personal Autonomy Questionnaire: A validation study among community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity
Authors: Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel , Dobarrio‐Sanz Iria , Correa‐Casado Matías , del Mar Jiménez‐Lasserrotte María , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , Ruiz‐Fernández María Dolores 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLoss of personal autonomy in older adults with chronic multimorbidity is associated with worsened biopsychosocial health. In order to facilitate the standardised assessment of personal autonomy in older adults with chronic conditions, nurses could use the Maastricht Personal Autonomy Questionnaire (MPAQ).ObjectiveTo translate, culturally adapt and psychometrically assess the Spanish version of the MPAQ in community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity (MPAQ‐Sp).MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study. A convenience sample of 884 community‐dwelling older adults was recruited from 10 community centres in five health districts in southeastern Spain. Data were collected between January 2021 and September 2022. The study was completed in four phases. Phase 1: The MPAQ was translated into Spanish. Phase 2: A pilot test of reliability and content validity was conducted. Phase 3: To test the dimensionality of the tool, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. Phase 4: a final validation study was conducted which included a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessed the validity (content, criterion and construct), reliability and readability of the MPAQ‐Sp.ResultsThe average age of the sample was 75.89 years (SD = ±8.04). Their mean number of chronic conditions was 4.84 (SD = ±2.19) and 67% were women. The MPAQ‐Sp is comprised of 16 items distributed in four subscales: [1] the ‘Degree of autonomy’ scale, [2] the ‘Working on autonomy’ scale, [3] the ‘Dilemmas: health over preferences’ scale and [4] the ‘Dilemmas: preferences over health’ scale.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the MPAQ‐Sp is a valid and reliable instrument to assess personal autonomy in Spanish‐speaking, community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity.Implications for PracticeThe use of the MPAQ‐Sp would allow researchers and healthcare professionals to identify a loss of personal autonomy among Spanish‐speaking community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity.
Bias analyses to investigate the impact of differential participation: Application to a birth defects case‐control study
Authors: Petersen Julie M. , Kahrs Jacob C. , Adrien Nedghie , Wood Mollie E. , Olshan Andrew F. , Smith Louisa H. , Howley Meredith M. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Romitti Paul A. , Herring Amy H. , Parker Samantha E. , Shaw Gary M. , Politis Maria D. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCertain associations observed in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) contrasted with other research or were from areas with mixed findings, including no decrease in odds of spina bifida with periconceptional folic acid supplementation, moderately increased cleft palate odds with ondansetron use and reduced hypospadias odds with maternal smoking.ObjectivesTo investigate the plausibility and extent of differential participation to produce effect estimates observed in NBDPS.MethodsWe searched the literature for factors related to these exposures and participation and conducted deterministic quantitative bias analyses. We estimated case‐control participation and expected exposure prevalence based on internal and external reports, respectively. For the folic acid‐spina bifida and ondansetron‐cleft palate analyses, we hypothesized the true odds ratio (OR) based on prior studies and quantified the degree of exposure over‐ (or under‐) representation to produce the crude OR (cOR) in NBDPS. For the smoking‐hypospadias analysis, we estimated the extent of selection bias needed to nullify the association as well as the maximum potential harmful OR.ResultsUnder our assumptions (participation, exposure prevalence, true OR), there was overrepresentation of folic acid use and underrepresentation of ondansetron use and smoking among participants. Folic acid‐exposed spina bifida cases would need to have been ≥1.2× more likely to participate than exposed controls to yield the observed null cOR. Ondansetron‐exposed cleft palate cases would need to have been 1.6× more likely to participate than exposed controls if the true OR is null. Smoking‐exposed hypospadias cases would need to have been ≥1.2 times less likely to participate than exposed controls for the association to falsely appear protective (upper bound of selection bias adjusted smoking‐hypospadias OR = 2.02).ConclusionsDifferential participation could partly explain certain associations observed in NBDPS, but questions remain about why. Potential impacts of other systematic errors (e.g. exposure misclassification) could be informed by additional research.
Periodontitis and risk of cancer: Mechanistic evidence
Authors: Baima Giacomo , Minoli Margherita , Michaud Dominique S. , Aimetti Mario , Sanz Mariano , Loos Bruno G. , Romandini Mario 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis review aims to critically analyze the pathways of interaction and the pathogenic mechanisms linking periodontitis and oral bacteria with the initiation/progression of cancer at different body compartments. A higher risk of head and neck cancer has been consistently associated with periodontitis. This relationship has been explained by the local promotion of dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, immune evasion, and direct (epi)genetic damage to epithelial cells by periodontal pathobionts and their toxins. Epidemiological reports have also studied a possible link between periodontitis and the incidence of other malignancies at distant sites, such as lung, breast, prostate, and digestive tract cancers. Mechanistically, different pathways have been involved, including the induction of a chronic systemic inflammatory state and the spreading of oral pathobionts with carcinogenic potential. Indeed, periodontitis may promote low‐grade systemic inflammation and phenotypic changes in the mononuclear cells, leading to the release of free radicals and cytokines, as well as extracellular matrix degradation, which are all mechanisms involved in carcinogenic and metastatic processes. Moreover, the transient hematogenous spill out or micro‐aspiration/swallowing of periodontal bacteria and their virulence factors (i.e., lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae), may lead to non‐indigenous bacterial colonization of multiple microenvironments. These events may in turn replenish the tumor‐associated microbiome and thus influence the molecular hallmarks of cancer. Particularly, specific strains of oral pathobionts (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum) may translocate through the hematogenous and enteral routes, being implicated in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal tumorigenesis through the modulation of the gastrointestinal antitumor immune system (i.e., tumor‐infiltrating T cells) and the increased expression of pro‐inflammatory/oncogenic genes. Ultimately, the potential influence of common risk factors, relevant comorbidities, and upstream drivers, such as gerovulnerability to multiple diseases, in explaining the relationship cannot be disregarded. The evidence analyzed here emphasizes the possible relevance of periodontitis in cancer initiation/progression and stimulates future research endeavors.
Inconvenient truths about logistic regression and the remedy of marginal effects
Authors: Howell‐Moroney Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLogistic regression is a standard technique in public administration research. However, there are two inconvenient truths about logistic regression of which scholars should be aware. First, logistic regression results are difficult to interpret. Raw coefficients are expressed in an enigmatic log odds scale and odds ratios are regularly misinterpreted as risk ratios. Second, logistic regression results are non‐collapsible, which renders model comparisons invalid. A review of recent public administration articles reveals that these inconvenient truths still plague the discipline. This paper advocates the use of average marginal effects to reckon with both inconvenient truths. Average marginal effects are easy to comprehend because they measure effect sizes on a probability scale. And average marginal effects are collapsible, and hence facilitate valid model comparisons. These concepts are illustrated using data simulations and data from the 2017 Current Population Survey. The paper concludes with suggestions for improved research practice.
Carbonate production and reef building under ferruginous seawater conditions in the Cambrian rift branches of the Avalon Zone, Newfoundland
Authors: Álvaro José Javier , Mills Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe characterization of carbonate production on rift basins is critical for understanding the nucleation and demise of reefs in tectonically active areas. A new petrographic and mineralogical analysis of Cambrian strata from the Avalon Zone in Newfoundland, based on scanning electron microscopy – back‐scattered electron detector and Raman spectrometer analyses, facilitates recognition of several episodes of Terreneuvian–Miaolingian carbonate production and associated precipitation of ironstone and phosphorite. These distinct units mainly developed on uplifted rift shoulders and basaltic lava palaeoreliefs, and reflect amalgamated high‐energy events, interrupted by scouring discontinuities (diastems) commonly lined by phosphatized and ferruginized microbial crusts. Mud‐mounds, in contrast, nucleated under calm conditions episodically punctuated by high‐energy episodes, where scattered thromboid structures occur as both clotted textures and distinct calcimicrobes. Precipitation of hematite/goethite versus chamosite couplets, both occluding primary porosities and replacing interlaminae and cortices of oncoids and coated aggregates, point to marine substrates close to the Fe‐redox boundary. Upwelling of phosphate‐rich ferruginous hydrothermal waters contributed to the precipitation of ironstone and phosphate interbeds. Ferruginous waters related to penecontemporaneous hydrothermal activity, reflected by the record of synsedimentary fissuring and stockwork ore bodies, were delivered to confined rift‐related horst‐and‐graben settings, largely controlled by the development of specific Cambrian carbonate and associated ironstone facies. The influence of ferruginous waters necessarily affected the record of climatically sensitive evaporitic pseudomorphs, reefs/mounds and phosphorites, which are then not suitable criteria to discriminate palaeolatitude, as demonstrated by a comparison of low‐latitude to middle‐latitude margins fringing Baltica, and the Avalonian and Atlas – Ossa‐Morena – Northarmorican rift transects of West Gondwana.
Coping profiles of adolescent football players and association with interpersonal coping: Do emotional competence and psychological need satisfaction matter?
Authors: Doron Julie , Hayotte Meggy , d'Arripe‐Longueville Fabienne , Leprince Chloé 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing a person‐centered approach, the present study aimed to investigate the coping profiles of adolescent football players involved in elite football training centers. The purposes were to (1) identify coping profiles based on the reported use of multiple coping strategies in response to competitive stress, (2) explore whether emotional competencies and psychological need satisfaction would predict coping profile membership, and (3) examine the extent to which coping profiles were differently associated with individual and team perceived stress, interpersonal coping, and subjective team performance, as well as demographic characteristics. A sample of 416 young French football players (males = 282; females = 134; Mage = 16.2; SDage = 1.2) from 12 elite football training centers participated in this study. Latent profile analysis results yielded three coping profiles allowing players to be grouped according to their preferences for a combined use of certain strategies (i.e., low copers, high disengaged copers, and high task copers). Results provided further insight into each coping profile membership by indicating the role played by intrapersonal emotional competence and psychological need satisfaction. Finally, differences between coping profiles have been shown in terms of individual perceived stress intensity, interpersonal coping approach, and gender. These findings provide a deeper understanding of adaptive coping profiles within a population of adolescent football players involved in elite training centers. Implications for developing and tailoring psychoeducational interventions for adolescent football players exhibiting a maladaptive coping profile (i.e., disengagement‐oriented coping profile) are considered.