bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing risk in telemedicine
Authors: Mccrossin Robert 
Published: December 2003

summary Whenever something novel is introduced there are problems of implementation and operation, which may be formally expressed as risks. A comprehensive methodology has been developed to assess these risks, but it has not yet been extensively applied in the health sector. Until now, health has appropriately concentrated on the detection and reduction of clinical incidents in established services. However, there is strategic value in looking more broadly at the process of risk management. This is relevant to risk management in telemedicine.
The diagnostic reliability of Internet-based observational kinematic gait analysis
Authors: Russell Trevor G , Jull Gwendolen A , Wootton Richard 
Published: December 2003

summary We investigated the accuracy and reliability of observational kinematic gait assessments performed via a low-bandwidth Internet link (18 kbit/s) and a higher-speed Internet link (128 kbit/s). Twenty-four subjects were randomized to either bandwidth group. Gait was assessed with the Gait Assessment Rating Scale (GARS) in the traditional manner, which is from video-recordings, and with repeated measurements via the online method. Online assessment was found to provide as accurate a measure of gait performance as the traditional assessment (limits of agreement51 GARS point; intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC= 0.96) regardless of the speed of the Internet connection. The online assessment also demonstrated high intra-rater (ICC= 0.96) and inter-rater (ICC= 0.92) reliability. Low-bandwidth telerehabilitation applications appear to be feasible via the Internet.
International medical education between Hawaii and Thailand over Internet2
Authors: Vincent Dale S , Berg Benjamin W , Hudson Donald A , Chitpatima Suwicha T 
Published: December 2003

summary International medical education sessions have been successfully conducted by videoconferencing using Internet2. The sessions were between two tertiary care medical centres, in Honolulu and Bangkok. However, video quality was lower than for similar sessions using ISDN and audience satisfaction was less. The main reasons for the lower quality were network congestion and bandwidth allocation by the videoconferencing equipment. Software to ensure quality of service is available, but is not easy to implement. There were also network security problems and the costs were high. Our international videoconferences averaged 40–50 hours per year, an activity level at which connection costs were lower for ISDN than for Internet2. It appears that Internet2 videoconferencing for medical education is best reserved for academic institutions that have other high-bandwidth network requirements.
XQuery, eine Querysprache für XML (XQuery, an XML Query Language)
Authors: Harbarth Juliane 
Published: December 2003

Zusammenfassung
Mit XQuery legt das W3C einen Vorschlag für eine XML-Anfragesprache vor, die der baumartigen Struktur von XML Rechnung trägt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Funktionalität von XQuery und seine Entwicklungsgeschichte.
Stability of U(VI) solid phases in the U(VI)-Ca2+-SiO2-OH system
Authors: Ritherdon B. , Phelps C. , Neff H. , Sowder A.G. , Clark S.B. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Synthetic metaschoepite was altered at 70 °C, for 30 days in silicate solutions of varying compositions to study alteration reactions and to compare experimental observations with a thermodynamic model of stability of the uranyl minerals metaschoepite ([(UO2)8O2(OH)12](H2O)10), becquerelite (Ca[(UO2)3O2(OH)3]2(H2O)8), α-uranophane (Ca[(UO2)(SiO3OH)]2(H2O)5) and soddyite ((UO2)2(SiO4)· (H2O)2). Powder X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and solution chemistry were used to monitor the alteration of the initial metaschoepite. In general, the secondary phases predicted by the thermodynamic model formed. However, an unexpected mineral (a calcium uranate) was observed above pH 8. Also, within the timeframe of these experiments, U(VI) silicate phases only formed at Si concentrations much higher than the lower field boundaries for uranophane and soddyite.
Thermochromatographic studies of berkelium chlorides: BkCl3and BkCl4
Authors: Yakushev Alexander B. , Eichler B. , Türler A. , Gäggeler H.W. , Peterson J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe thermochromatographic behavior of berkelium chlorides in various chlorinating gases was studied. Using Cl2or a mixture of Cl2/SOCl2, two peaks were observed in a thermochromatographic column. The "high temperature" peak corresponds to BkCl3and the "low temperature" one corresponds most probably to BkCl4. Using both the model of mobile adsorption and the of Monte Carlo method, the adsorption enthalpies were determined. The possible chemical reactions in a chromatographic column are discussed.
Thermodynamic modeling of metal–ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Ni2+-oxalate system
Authors: Borkowski M. , Choppin Gregory R. , Moore Robert C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractStability constants for the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of Ni(II)+Oxalate have been determined using solvent extraction. Data collected in 0.3m to 5.0m NaCl aqueous solutions at 20.0±0.1°C yielded values of logβ101ranging from 3.71 to 3.98(±0.06) and of logβ102from 6.44 to 6.95(±0.06), which agree well with values from the literature. The data were analyzed by the Pitzer model with a value ofμ0/RT=-17.47 for the 1:1 complex calculated from the data and literature values. A single neutral-ion interaction parameter λNiOx-Cl=-0.179 was used to describe the ionic strength dependence of the 1:1 complex. For the 1:2 complex, a value forμ0/RT=-11.31 and the Pitzer parameters values,β0NiOx₂²⁻-Na⁺=-0.0644 andβ1NiOx₂²⁻-Na⁺=0.8545, were determined. These standard chemical potential values are based on a model for oxalate deprotonation reported earlier.
Concentration distributions of radionuclides in sediments along the Romanian sector of the Danube River and the Black Sea coast
Authors: Mihai S. A. 
Published: December 2003

Summary
Concentration distributions of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Po, 137Cs and 238,239,240Pu in sediment samples, collected along the Romanian sector of the Danube River and the Black Sea coast, indicated the same pattern of accumulation of the radionuclides in the investigated samples. The mineralogical structure of sediment samples investigated by X-ray diffraction on random and oriented slides and the cation exchange capacity determined by the silver-thiourea procedure were used to explain this pattern of accumulation. The clay mineral content of the samples, the type of clay mineral and the geochemical behaviour of the radionuclides are discussed as important factors for a preferential accumulation of contaminants in sediments.
Development of selective cobalt and cesium removal from the evaporator concentrates of the PWR Paks
Authors: Szöke Szabolcs , Pátzay György , Weiser László 
Published: December 2003

Summary
At the PWR Paks (Hungary) the diluted radioactive waste water is converted to a concentrate by evaporation and the concentrate is stored in tanks. The most important radionuclides in these solutions are 134Cs, 137Cs and 60Co. In this research we studied granular potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate(II) as a Cs-selective ion-exchanger. Its capacity depended on the preparation method, temperature of pretreatment and age of the ion exchanger. We investigated also the effect of metal ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) on the Cs-capacity in the presence of complex forming compounds citrate, oxalate and EDTA. The cesium ion exchange capacity increased with addition of inactive cobalt or nickel salts. Additionally we studied filtration, adsorption and ultrafiltration separation processes for cobalt removal. The results showed that only adsorption by active carbon could be successfully used for the cobalt removal from evaporation concentrates. Experiments were performed both in the laboratory and at the PWR Paks.
Determination of binary data for neptunium(V) nitrate
Authors: Kappenstein-Grégoire A. C. , Moisy Ph. , Cote Gerard , Blanc P. 
Published: December 2003

Summary
A stock solution consisting of a highly concentrated binary solution of neptunium(V) nitrate [NpVO2(NO3)] in water (about 4.5mol kg-1) was prepared and used to obtain a series of binary NpVO2(NO3)-H2O or ternary NpVO2(NO3)-HNO3-H2O solutions whose neptunium concentration ranged between about 0.22 and 4.5mol kg-1. Water activity and/or osmolality of these binary and ternary solutions were measured and used to calculate the variation of the osmotic coefficient of the real or fictive binary solutions versus NpVO2(NO3) concentration. The variation of the mean stoichiometric activity coefficient of this salt in water was then calculated. The densities of these solutions were also measured and used to express the activity coefficient values on both the molar and molal concentration scales.
Complex formation between uranium(VI) and α-D-glucose 1-phosphate
Authors: Koban A. , Geipel G. , Bernhard G. 
Published: December 2003

Summary
The complex formation of uranium(VI) with α-D-glucose 1-phosphate (C6H11O6PO3
2-, G1P) was determined by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) at pH 4 and potentiometric titration in the pH range from 3 to 10. Both measurements show the formation of a 1:1 complex at lower pH values. The formation constant of UO2(C6H11O6PO3) was calculated from TRLFS measurements to be log β
11=5.72±0.12, and from potentiometric titration log β
11=5.40±0.25, respectively.It was found by potentiometric titration that at higher pH values the complexation changes to a 1:2 complex. The stability constant for this complex was calculated to be log β
12 = 8.96±0.18.
Neptunium and plutonium sorption to Snake River Plain, Idaho soil
Authors: Mincher Bruce J. , Fox Robert V. , Cooper D. Graig , Groenewold Gary S. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryThe behavior of Np and Pu on soil collected from the subsurface disposal area at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory was investigated by performing short-duration, sorption experiments to measure sorption isotherms. Neptunium sorption can be described with a Freundlich isotherm; however, Pu sorption can only be described in this fashion as a conservative estimate of minimum sorption. Geochemical modeling predictions suggest that initial sorption of Np is controlled predominantly by surface complexation on clay minerals, while Pu is controlled by a competition between complexation with iron oxyhydroxides and the precipitation of hydrolysis products. Longer-term sorption is governed by the transformation of these species to oxide minerals. Solution ionic strength and carbonate alkalinity did not significantly affect Np or Pu soil sorption.
Einsteinium chemistry in the gas phase: exploring the divalent character of heavy actinides
Authors: Gibson John K. , Haire Richard G. 
Published: December 2003

Summary
The first chemical studies of the monopositive einsteinium ion, Es+, in the gas phase have been carried out, and its behavior compared to those for other actinide ions, with a particular focus on Bk+. The yield of laser-ablated EsO+ indicates that the Es+-O bond energy is significantly smaller than that of Bk+-O. Fluorination of Es+ and Bk+ through F-abstraction from hexafluoropropene demonstrated clearly the stability of the divalent state of Es: whereas by this process both BkF+ and BkF2
+ are produced, only the "divalent" EsF+ product is formed. The reaction of Es+ with several different alkenes produced only small yields of adducts (e.g., EsC4H8
+). These adducts are the first organoeinsteinium complexes to be identified. Whereas Es+ was inert towards 1,5-cyclooctadiene, in contrast Bk+ dehydrogenated this substrate to give BkC8H8
+, demonstrating the greater activation activity of Bk+ than Es+ towards alkenes. The chemical behaviors observed in these studies are consistent with the predicted electronic structure and energetics of Es+, and the results obtained are discussed in the context of systematic trends across the actinide series.
A kinetic model of the oxidative dissolution of brannerite, UTi2O6
Authors: Thomas Bronwyn S. , Zhang Y. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryThe aqueous dissolution of synthetic brannerite (UTi2O6) in an open atmosphere has been investigated. Previous data in the literature have been combined with new experimental work, dealing with the release of uranium from brannerite as a function of solution pH and aqueous carbonate species, in oxygenated solutions. From these data we have developed a conceptual model for uranium release from brannerite consisting of two reaction steps: oxidation of surface uranium(IV) atoms, and subsequent detachment of U(VI) atoms into solution, which is catalysed by surface coordination with protons (acidic media) or carbonate species (alkaline media in equilibrium with the atmosphere). A kinetic rate law is derived for this simple reaction mechanism and fitted to experimental data. The resulting predictive equation for uranium release qualitatively describes the pH-dependent behaviour observed in experiment, and quantitatively gives an upper limit for uranium release from brannerite over a range of conditions and experiment types.
Determination of Mo(VI), Ru(III), Re(VII) and NO3-in the solutions of nuclear fuel cycle by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Fourest B. , Maslennikov A. , David F. , Masson M. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryA method for simultaneous quantitative determination of Mo(VI), Re(VII), Ru(III) and NO3-ions in aqueous solutions, using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) technique with direct UV detection, was developed. Electrophoretic mobility of Ru(III) ions in 0.1M NaHCO3solution was determined as 6.0×10-8m2V-1s-1at 25 °C. The best analytical characteristics of the developed method were achieved with a 100mM carbonate buffer solution containing 0.3mM TTAB, at a pH value of 9.8 and at an applied voltage of 10kV. Under these conditions, a linear relationship between the measured absorbance (λ=230nm) and the concentration of the species under study were observed in the range 5×10-6–10-3M for Mo(VI), 7×10-6–10-3M for Re(VII) and 10-5–-4M for Ru(III). The minimum detectable concentrations were determined as 4.1×10-6M for NO3-, 5.2×10-6M for Mo(VI), 7.4×10-6M for Re(VII) and 1.0×10-5M for Ru(III). The accuracy of quantitative determination was estimated as 3%–5% for NO3-and 5%–6% for Mo(VI), Re(VII) and Ru(III) ions. The presence of 0.06M NaNO3(HNO3) and of 10-3M U(VI) in the sample affected neither the detection limits of the species under study nor the selectivity of the method.
Preparation of225Ac and228Ac generators using a cryptomelane manganese dioxide sorbent
Authors: Wlodzimirska B. , Bartoś B. , Bilewicz A. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryThe distribution coefficients of Ra2+and Ac3+on cryptomelane MnO2from acidic aqueous solutions were determined in order to find the best conditions for separation of both cations. Very high affinity of cryptomelane MnO2for Ra2+ions make possible to separate225Ac from225Ra, and228Ac from228Ra in single-step and rapid procedure. The obtained results enable to design simple and effective generators of225Ac and228Ac from their mother radium isotopes.
Formvermessung an bewegten technischen Oberflächen mittels der Speckle-Interferometrie (Contouring of Moving Technical Surfaces via Speckle-Interferometry)
Authors: Meixner Andreas , Zeh Thomas , Riemenschneider M. , Purde A. , Koch Alexander W. 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Ständig steigende Anforderungen an die Qualitätsprüfung in der industriellen Fertigung erfordern neue Verfahren zur schnellen und zerstörungsfreien Oberflächenprüfung. Für die Formvermessung technischer Oberflächen bietet sich hierfür die Zwei-Wellenlängen-Technik der Speckle-Interferometrie an. Die bisher sehr hohe Störempfindlichkeit interferometrischer Messungen auf erschütterungsbedingte Bewegungen des Messobjektes sowie eine lange Rechenzeit zur Auswertung der Interferogramme ließen eine industrielle Anwendung kaum zu. Ein neu konzipierter Interferometeraufbau wird vorgestellt, der mittels zweier räumlich getrennter Kameras die simultane Aufzeichnung aller für die interferometrische Formvermessung notwendigen Daten und somit auch die Messung an bewegten Objekten erlaubt. Eine am Datenfluss orientierte, hardwarebasierte Auswertung mit FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) ermöglicht die Online-Auswertung mit einer hohen Bildrate, wodurch der Aufbau als Messeinrichtung für den industriellen Einsatz attraktiv wird.
Hochauflösende Ultraschall-Entfernungsmessung für große Distanzen (High Resolution Ultrasonic Distance Measurement for Long Distances)
Authors: Elmer Hannes , Schweinzer Herbert , Magerl Gottfried 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Probleme ultraschallbasierter Entfernungsmesssysteme für industrielle Anwendungen. Das 1-Bit-Korrelationsverfahren vereinfacht die Behandlung der stark unterschiedlichen Empfangspegel und die Echtzeitsignalverarbeitung. Der Vergleich der A-B-Messung mit auf passiver Reflexion basierenden Verfahren führt zu der neuen Methode der aktiven Reflexion. Weiterhin wird ein Ultraschall-Wandler analysiert und sein Einfluss auf breitbandige Signale bei Verwendung korrelativer Empfänger diskutiert.
Einsatz von Klopfsensoren zur Erkennung von Verbrennungsaussetzern (Application of Knock Sensors for Engine Misfire Detection)
Authors: Lindemann Michael 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Die Erkennung von Verbrennungsaussetzern ist eine große Herausforderung im Bereich der Kraftfahrzeugdiagnose. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt ein alternatives Verfahren zur Erkennung von Verbrennungsaussetzern mit Klopfsensoren. Es wird eine neuartige Methode vorgestellt, mit der sich verbrennungsrelevante Informationen aus dem Klopfsensorsignal extrahieren lassen und anschließend diagnostiziert werden kann, ob ein Verbrennungsaussetzer aufgetreten ist oder nicht.
Thermomechanische Einflüsse der Chipklebung auf die Genauigkeit mikromechanischer Drucksensoren Teil 1: Simulation (Thermomechanical Effects of the Adhesive Die Attachment on the Accuracy of MEMS Pressure Sensors)
Authors: Wilde Jürgen , Deier Erik 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Thermomechanische Belastungen können die Funktionsfähigkeit mikrosystemtechnischer Komponenten beeinflussen. In dieser Arbeit werden die thermomechanischen Aspekte der Montagetechnik sowie der Aufbautechnik betrachtet. Basis der Untersuchungen sind die Darstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaften und Verformungsmodelle von leitfähigen Klebstoffen. Dabei werden die Anforderungen an passende Materialgesetze und Werkstoffdaten für modellbasierte Simulation aufgezeigt. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird ein Beispiel zur Vorhersage des Einflusses von Leitklebverbindungen und AVT auf die Genauigkeit eines mikromechanischen Drucksensors mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Simulation untersucht. Bei Drucksensoren verursacht die nicht temperaturstabile Montage-Klebverbindung eine Beeinträchtigung des Langzeitverhaltens und eine Nullpunktsdrift, die prognostiziert werden kann.
Angepasste Signalverarbeitung für piezoresistive Drucksensoren (Well Adapted Signal Processing for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors)
Authors: Zahout Carsten , Werthschützky Roland 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Ziel der Untersuchungen ist die Optimierung der Messkette piezoresistiver Sensoren durch die Primärelektronik. Voruntersuchungen an piezoresistiven Primärsensoren und an der Primärelektronik für piezoresistive Sensoren hatten gezeigt, dass die Messunsicherheit der Messkette maßgeblich durch die zufälligen Fehlereinflüsse des Primärsensors beeinflusst wird. Das Optimierungsziel war deshalb die Kostenreduzierung bestehender Primärelektronik-Konzepte durch systematische Vereinfachung und Variation von Schaltungen zur Widerstandsbestimmung. Es konnten alternative Konzepte entwickelt werden, die eine mit herkömmlichen Primärelektroniken vergleichbare Messunsicherheit aufweisen, aber durch die Verwendung kostengünstiger Bauteile preisliche Vorteile besitzen.
Extended pharmacological profiles of rat P2Y2 and rat P2Y4 receptors and their sensitivity to extracellular H+ and Zn2+ ions
Authors: Wildman Scott S , Unwin Robert J , King Brian F 
Published: November 2003

Two molecularly distinct rat P2Y receptors activated equally by adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and uridine‐5′‐triphosphate (UTP) (rP2Y2 and rP2Y4 receptors) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and studied extensively to find ways to pharmacologically distinguish one from the other.
Both P2Y subtypes were activated fully by a number of nucleotides. Tested nucleotides were equipotent at rP2Y4 (ATP=UTP=CTP=GTP=ITP), but not at rP2Y2 (ATP=UTP>CTP>GTP>ITP). For dinucleotides (ApnA, n=2–6), rP2Y4 was only fully activated by Ap4A, which was as potent as ATP. All tested dinucleotides, except for Ap2A, fully activated rP2Y2, but none were as potent as ATP. ATPγS and BzATP fully activated rP2Y2, whereas ATPγS was a weak agonist and BzATP was inactive (as an agonist) at rP2Y4 receptors.
Each P2Y subtype showed different sensitivities to known P2 receptor antagonists. For rP2Y2, the potency order was suramin>>PPADS= RB‐2>TNP‐ATP and suramin was a competitive antagonist (pA2, 5.40). For rP2Y4, the order was RB‐2>>suramin>PPADS> TNP‐ATP and RB‐2 was a competitive antagonist (pA2, 6.43). Also, BzATP was an antagonist at rP2Y4 receptors.
Extracellular acidification (from pH 8.0 to pH 5.5) enhanced the potency of ATP and UTP by 8–10‐fold at rP2Y4 but did not affect agonist responses at rP2Y2 receptors.
Extracellular Zn2+ ions (0.1–300 μM) coapplied with ATP inhibited agonist responses at rP2Y4 but not at rP2Y2 receptors.
These two P2Y receptors differ significantly in terms of agonist and antagonist profiles, and the modulatory activities of extracellular H+ and Zn2+ ions. These pharmacological differences will help to distinguish between rP2Y2 and rP2Y4 receptors, in vivo.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 1177–1186. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705544
Catalase has negligible inhibitory effects on endothelium‐dependent relaxations in mouse isolated aorta and small mesenteric artery
Authors: Ellis Anthie , Pannirselvam Malarvannan , Anderson Todd J , Triggle Chris R 
Published: November 2003

The current study examined the hypothesis that endothelial production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediates relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) in aorta and small mesenteric arteries (SMA) from mice.
Relaxations to ACh (0.01–10 μM) and H2O2 (0.1–1000 μM) were produced in aorta and SMA isolated from wild‐type C57BL/6 mice and type II diabetic mice (db/db). In SMA, relaxations to ACh were produced in the presence of Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (100 μM) and indomethacin (Indo, 10 μM).
1‐H[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐]quinoxalin‐1‐one (10 μM) significantly reduced ACh‐induced relaxations in SMA, abolished responses in aorta, but had no effect on relaxations induced by H2O2. Catalase (2500 U ml−1) abolished responses to H2O2, but did not alter relaxations to ACh in the SMA and only caused a small rightward shift in responses to ACh in the aorta.
ACh‐, but not H2O2‐, mediated relaxations were significantly reduced by tetraethylammonium (10 mM), the combination of apamin (1 μM) and charybdotoxin (100 nM), and 25 mM potassium chloride (KCl). Higher KCl (60 mM) abolished relaxations to both ACh and H2O2. Polyethylene glycolated superoxide dismutase (100 U ml−1), the catalase inhibitor 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AT, 50 mM) and treatment with the copper chelator diethyldithiolcarbamate (3 mM) did not affect relaxations to ACh.
H2O2‐induced relaxations were endothelium‐independent and were not affected by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA 0.067 mM), 4‐aminopyridine (1 mM), ouabain (100 μM) and barium (30 μM), 3‐AT or Indo.
Although the data from this study show that H2O2 dilates vessels, they do not support the notion that H2O2 mediates endothelium‐dependent relaxations to ACh in either aorta or SMA from mice.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 1193–1200. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705549