bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart control of traffic lights based on traffic density in the multi-intersection network by using Q learning
Authors: Mortazavi Azad Seyedeh M. , Ramazani A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn urban areas, utilizing traffic lights to prioritize vehicles at the intersection is a solution to control traffic. Among the smart traffic light methods, the methods based on machine learning are particularly important due to their simplicity and performance. In this paper, Q-learning with deep neural network are combined and used in two different intersection models. The first one is an individual intersection, and the second one is two intersections that are connected and shared their actions. By using this method, the traffic light can make an intelligent decision at the intersection to reduce vehicle consumption time by managing the allocation of phases. The proposed smart traffic light is studied and simulated via SUMO. The results illustrated that compared to fixed-time traffic lights, the average queue time of each vehicle in different traffic scenarios has been reduced by 34% in the individual intersection. In the case of two intersections, awareness and communication between agents led to a 24% reduction in the queue time of all cars in the heavy traffic scenario.
Exit, voice, and loyalty in the platform economy of Bologna city
Authors: Frapporti Mattia , Pirone Maurilio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the article, we will explore the impact of platform labour on urban spaces and the new frontiers of unionism by leveraging a ground analysis and theoretical elaborations from the PLUS project. PLUS was designed to analyse the impact of four platforms (Uber, Airbnb, Helpling, and Deliveroo) in seven European cities (Barcelona, Berlin, Bologna, Lisbon, Paris, London, and Tallinn). In doing so, PLUS supported its sociological investigations with theoretical and historical elaborations concerning the operation of contemporary platforms and the characteristics of the new form of unionism. We will present some results from PLUS, with a focus on the Bologna case, where platform workers express their dissatisfaction with their organizations, attempting to relate their strategies to certain structural aspects of business territorialization within urban spaces. We will draw upon the well-known distinction proposed by Albert Hirschman between exit, voice, and loyalty and adapt it to frame the various strategies that platform workers may adopt.
Human favoritism, not AI aversion: People’s perceptions (and bias) toward generative AI, human experts, and human–GAI collaboration in persuasive content generation
Authors: Zhang Yunhao , Gosline Renée 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the wide availability of large language models and generative AI, there are four primary paradigms for human–AI collaboration: human-only, AI-only (ChatGPT-4), augmented human (where a human makes the final decision with AI output as a reference), or augmented AI (where the AI makes the final decision with human output as a reference). In partnership with one of the world’s leading consulting firms, we enlisted professional content creators and ChatGPT-4 to create advertising content for products and persuasive content for campaigns following the aforementioned paradigms. First, we find that, contrary to the expectations of some of the existing algorithm aversion literature on conventional predictive AI, the content generated by generative AI and augmented AI is perceived as of higher quality than that produced by human experts and augmented human experts. Second, revealing the source of content production reduces—but does not reverse—the perceived quality gap between human- and AI-generated content. This bias in evaluation is predominantly driven by human favoritism rather than AI aversion: Knowing that the same content is created by a human expert increases its (reported) perceived quality, but knowing that AI is involved in the creation process does not affect its perceived quality. Further analysis suggests this bias is not due to a ‘quality prime’ as knowing the content they are about to evaluate comes from competent creators (e.g., industry professionals and state-of-the-art AI) without knowing exactly that the creator of each piece of content does not increase participants’ perceived quality.
Association between seaweed intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Chaehyun , Park Kyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the longitudinal association between seaweed and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Korean population. Data from 148 404 Korean adults aged 40 years and older without a history of T2DM, cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data. The participants’ seaweed intake was obtained using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the diagnosis of T2DM was surveyed through a self-reported questionnaire during follow-up. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for T2DM were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard regression, and the dose–response relationship was analysed using a restricted cubic spline regression. Participants had a mean follow-up period of 5 years. Participants with the highest seaweed intake had a 7 % lower risk of T2DM compared with the group with the lowest intake (95 % CI (0·87, 0·99)). Interestingly, this association was stronger in those with normal weight (HR: 0·88, 95 % CI (0·81, 0·95)), while no association was observed in participants with obesity. Spline regression revealed an inverse linear relationship between seaweed intake and T2DM risk in participants with normal weight, showing a trend where increased seaweed intake is related to lower instances of T2DM (Pfor nonlinearity = 0·48). Seaweed intake is inversely associated with the onset of T2DM in Korean adults with normal weight.
REPRODUCING INEQUALITY? ELITE-BIASED POLICY AND THE RURAL–URBAN EDUCATIONAL GAP IN COLOMBIA AND ITS REGIONS, 1920-2019
Authors: España-Eljaiek Irina , Mejía Daniela , Melendez Nohemí Samara Gaviria 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTIn Latin America, Colombia stands out for its more significant and persistent rural–urban educational performance gaps. This paper studies the evolution of this under-performance of Colombian rural areas by conducting a long-term descriptive analysis of a new dataset. The results suggest that the role of the national government is a source of these educational inequalities because rural education was introduced late and deficiently. That is, the national government delayed the provision of education to rural areas. Moreover, even when implemented, these rural educational initiatives proved deficient due to their lack of funds, lower quality, curricula detached from the rural context and a design that amplified regional disparities, thus producing and maintaining significant and persistent rural–urban gaps in education.
Materials and techniques used for Portrait of Yi Bok Shin oiled paper sketches: scientific analysis and practical application
Authors: Chung Doo Hee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1897), many silk portraits were made of kings and other public officials. Most of these are now lost. Silk canvases are partially transparent, which allows pigments on both sides of the canvas to be seen. Before working with a silk canvas, artists would create several drafts of their portraits on paper, which was made translucent through the application of oil. In this research, a set of three paper drafts for a portrait from the eighteenth century was analysed via X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic data and microscopic imagery to identify the type of paper and pigments used. Using this analysis, along with surviving historic records, comparisons to other historic portraits, and an artistic analysis of the line and colouring techniques, new insights into the process of making these portraits are presented. Novel features of the three sketches are identified. Furthermore, the step-by-step process used to create these sketches is discussed and illustrated using a reproduction that employs traditional techniques and materials.
Uyghur–Chinese early successive bilingual children's acquisition of voluntary motion expressions
Authors: Tusun Alimujiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores the implications of Talmy's (2000) motion event typology and its subsequent articulations in relation to Slobin's (1996, 2006) thinking-for-speaking hypothesis for the early successive bilingual acquisition of Uyghur (verb-framed) and Mandarin Chinese (equipollently-framed). Specifically, it examines how 4-, 6-, 8- and 10-year-old bilingual children acquire motion expressions in their L1 and L2 respectively, and how cross-linguistic influence shapes their L2 acquisition process. Results show that, in their L1 Uyghur, bilinguals follow general developmental trajectories observed for children acquiring verb-framed languages. While sensitive to the equipollent Chinese system from early on, due to L1 and other factors, bilinguals fully converge on the Chinese pattern only at age 10, a feat in place in monolinguals from age 3. Our findings highlight that bilingual children do eventually come to develop language-specific thinking-for-speaking patterns in their L2, but they traverse a distinct developmental path.
Error propagation and attribution in simulation-based capital models
Authors: Crispin Daniel J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCalculation of loss scenarios is a fundamental requirement of simulation-based capital models and these are commonly approximated. Within a life insurance setting, a loss scenario may involve an asset-liability optimization. When cashflows and asset values are dependent on only a small number of risk factor components, low-dimensional approximations may be used as inputs into the optimization and resulting in loss approximation. By considering these loss approximations as perturbations of linear optimization problems, approximation errors in loss scenarios can be bounded to first order and attributed to specific proxies. This attribution creates a mechanism for approximation improvements and for the eventual elimination of approximation errors in capital estimates through targeted exact computation. The results are demonstrated through a stylized worked example and corresponding numerical study. Advances in error analysis of proxy models enhance confidence in capital estimates. Beyond error analysis, the presented methods can be applied to general sensitivity analysis and the calculation of risk.
The Electoral Dynamics of Capital Punishment Commutations
Authors: Gerez Julian E. , Miller Michael G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe explore electoral explanations for U.S. governors’ willingness to commute death sentences in their state. Across descriptive tests and pre-registered regression specifications, we find little evidence that election timing or term limits affect either the probability of commuting death sentences or the proportion of such sentences governors might commute. However, we do find evidence that governors are more likely to commute sentences – and commute sentences for a higher proportion of defendants – during the “lame duck” period after their successor’s election but before their inauguration.
Martian Crustal Model From a Joint Inversion of Receiver Functions and Apparent Shear Wave Velocity
Authors: Dai Mingwei , Sun Daoyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReceiver function (RF) based studies have revealed the layered Martian crustal structure beneath the InSight, which provides key information about the composition, rock alteration, deep magma process, and thermal history of Mars. However, limited by the frequency and trade‐offs between the thickness and velocity, inverting RFs alone is difficult to provide an accurate image of the upper crust. Here, by achieving stable measurements of the apparent shear wave velocities (Vs,app) at different frequencies for high‐quality marsquakes, we perform a joint inversion with the RFs. Our crustal models differ from previous models by having an extra shallow structure in the upper crust, either a layer with a sharp velocity jump interface at 4.0 ± 0.9 km depth or a gradient structure with shear wave velocity increasing gradually from 1.1 ± 0.1 km/s near the surface to 1.7 ± 0.3 km/s at a depth of 6.0 ± 2.4 km, which well fits both RFs and Vs,app's. Such an upper crustal velocity model is consistent with the depth‐decaying of porosity due to self‐compaction and indicates a highly porous upper crust with a surface porosity larger than 30%. Besides, a much higher porosity decay constant than that scaled from the Moon is derived, suggesting different mechanical properties of the lunar and Martian crust.
Deep Learning for Seasonal Prediction of Summer Precipitation Levels in Eastern China
Authors: Lu Peirong , Deng Qimin , Zhao Shuyun , Wang Yongguang , Wang Wuke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSkilled seasonal forecasting will effectively reduce the economic losses caused by droughts and floods. Because of the powerful data mining capability of deep learning networks, it is increasingly applied in studies of seasonal rainfall prediction. However, there remain two prominent issues in the modeling process: the lack of enough training samples and the effect of a small number of extreme values on the model optimization. To tackle these deficiencies, we combine strategies such as principal component analysis, reduction of model hidden layers, and early‐stopping with Attention U‐Net to construct a rainfall classification forecasting model. These steps reduced the model outfitting and improved the model generalization. The results show that the prediction accuracy of this network with leads of 1–3 months is obviously better than that of the numerical model. Further analysis also supports that the spatial features of precipitation predicted by the network are very close to the observations.
Amplified Interhemispheric Rainfall Contrast in Boreal Summer Due To Reduction in Anthropogenic Emissions Under COVID‐MIP Green Economic‐Recovery Scenarios
Authors: Yu Xiaochao , Zhang Hua , Xie Bing , Forster Piers M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOur study looks at the precipitation responses to two possible future emission‐mitigation pathways, pushed by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic (COVID‐19) and achieving carbon neutrality in the mid‐21st century. We find that a simultaneous‐reduction in well‐mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs) and anthropogenic aerosol emissions results in an enhanced interhemispheric precipitation contrast in the 2040s by amplifying the interhemispheric thermal contrast and strengthening the meridional overturning circulation in the tropics. Reduced aerosol emissions induce generally‐increased precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and an amplified intertropical rainfall contrast, while reduced WMGHG emissions dominate decrease in precipitation in the areas away from aerosol emission sources. Further, the above precipitation contrast will be enhanced under stronger emission‐mitigation pathways, mainly attributed to larger precipitation increases in the NH caused by reduced aerosols. More aggressive WMGHGs mitigation policies are necessary to counteract the aerosol‐induced warming in the NH, thereby mitigating the risk of regional drying or wetting due to the asymmetry in interhemispheric energy budgets.
Carbon Footprint of Railway Projects Under the Belt and Road Initiative and the Future Low‐Carbon Pathways
Authors: Wang Xin , Meng Jing , Liu Miaomiao , Bi Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) makes headway in constructing railway projects invested by China, yet related environmental impacts are rarely discussed. Here we quantify the carbon footprint of railway project construction (RPC) under the BRI and identify the drivers behind their variations to find possible carbon reduction pathways. Our results show that China‐invested overseas RPC in BRI countries induced 2,095.2 Mt CO2 emissions through the global supply chains during 2008–2017. Specifically, 73% of the carbon footprint relies on supply chains in BRI countries, and 27% spills over to other regions serving as the suppliers of global resources. Upgrading key industries' technological levels in BRI countries to China's average level can mitigate the carbon footprint by 77%. Once all industries achieve China's average technological level, nearly 90% of the carbon footprint can be avoided. The findings potentially provide valuable insights into achieving sustainable project construction in cross‐regional cooperation and promoting green development of the BRI.
The Role of Exsolved Fluids on the Mo Isotopic Composition of Arc Lavas: Insights From the Adakitic Rocks of Solander Volcano
Authors: Bezard Rachel , Rushmer Tracy , Turner Simon , Eroglu Sümeyya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Molybdenum isotopic composition (δ98/95Mo) of arc lavas is highly variable. While source processes play an important role in controlling the δ98/95Mo of arc magmas, the impact of differentiation on this variability remains poorly understood. In this study, we assess and deconvolute the effects of source and crustal processes on the δ98/95Mo of lavas and enclaves with adakitic compositions from Solander volcano, located above the incipient Puysegur subduction zone. These rocks show extreme δ98/95Mo variation (−0.35‰ to +0.79‰). The most mafic samples have light δ98/95Mo (−0.35‰ to −0.29‰) and low Mo/Ce ratios (0.006–0.007) consistent with published models invoking the addition of altered oceanic crust melts to their mantle source. However, the range of δ98/95Mo in the rest of the sample set is unlikely to result from source processes. Covariations of δ98/95Mo and Mo contents with MgO concentrations indicate that the δ98/95Mo and Mo content variability was generated during differentiation. Similar Sr‐Nd isotope compositions of all Solander lavas exclude a significant role for crustal assimilation. Mineral fractionation alone cannot reproduce the observed systematics without invoking unreasonable δ98/95Mo for the fractionated phases. Instead, we suggest that Mo mobility and associated isotopic fractionation during supercritical fluid exsolution and unmixing, followed by brine assimilation and magma mixing, are the first order controls on δ98/95Mo and Mo concentration variation in the Solander adakitic magmas. Thus, the role of magmatic fluids on the δ98/95Mo of intermediate‐silicic arc rocks can be significant, at least in adakitic systems, and needs to be considered prior to a source assessment.
MMS Observations of Warm‐Ion (E < 100 eV) Heating Inside Plasmaspheric Plumes
Authors: Kim M. J. , Goldstein J. , Fuselier S. A. , Vines S. K. , Usanova M. E. , Gonzalez C. A. , Mukherjee J. , Burch J. L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNear‐Earth plasma surges sunward during enhanced magnetospheric convection (driven by dayside magnetic reconnection) to form a pathway feature called a plasmaspheric plume. This study uses Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations to investigate the heating of warm ions (H+ and He+) inside plumes. We identify 287 plume events using targeted in‐situ‐observational criteria and plasmapause test particle simulations. One plume‐crossing event by MMS shows that the scalar temperatures of warm He+ increase from ∼10 to ∼40 eV during simultaneous observations of helium‐band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, while H+ temperature is almost constant. Next, we analyze all individual observations to investigate warm‐ion heating and its possible association with EMIC waves. The statistical results show that EMIC waves associated with the plume have left‐hand polarizations and small normal angles and the temperatures of warm He+ are always higher than those of warm H+. Also, the minimum resonant energies for H+ are mostly above 100 eV, whereas 17% of warm He+ observations show that they can interact with the H+‐band EMIC waves via cyclotron resonance. These observations suggest that while EMIC waves play a role, there is an unknown mechanism for warm‐ion heating inside the plume that requires more investigation.
The Distribution and Evolution of Storm Time Pc3‐5 ULF Wave Power Based on Satellite and Ground Observations
Authors: Li Yu‐Xuan , Yue Chao , Liu Jianjun , Zong Qiugang , Hu Hongqiao , Zhou Xuzhi , Hu Zejun , Yang Fan , Zhao Xingxin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe geomagnetic storm is an intense geomagnetic activity, and one important research aspect is the storm time ultralow frequency (ULF) waves, which can resonate with injected particles and impact particle dynamics in the inner magnetosphere. This study focuses on analyzing ULF wave power during geomagnetic storms on the ground, in the magnetosphere and in the solar wind. During the Van Allen Probe era from year 2012–2019, we identified 94 geomagnetic storm events with 25 as strong storms and 69 as moderate storms based on the variation of SYM‐H index. The analysis revealed that for both satellite and ground‐based measurements during storms with different intensity, the ULF wave power was dramatically enhanced in the main phase. In addition, the ULF wave power of strong storms was significantly stronger than that of moderate storms within the magnetosphere and on the ground. While the finding is opposite in the solar wind. Furthermore, the ULF wave power of strong storms exhibited a higher intensity at higher L shell values and in some cases, it can last up to ∼2 days. Besides, the ULF wave power displayed a linear correlation with the absolute value of the SYM‐H index during the storm main phase while it exhibited an exponential association with the absolute value of the SYM‐H index during the recovery phase. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights into the evolution of ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic storm events, shedding light on plasma waves and wave‐particle interactions in this region.
Growth and Global Persistence of Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Boichu Marie , Grandin Raphaël , Blarel Luc , Torres Benjamin , Derimian Yevgeny , Goloub Philippe , Brogniez Colette , Chiapello Isabelle , Dubovik Oleg , Mathurin Théo , Pascal Nicolas , Patou Maximilien , Riedi Jérôme 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStratospheric sulfate aerosols play a key role on atmospheric chemistry and Earth’s radiation budget, but their size distribution, a critical parameter in climate models, is generally poorly known. We address such gap for the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HT–HH) volcanic eruption by exhaustively analyzing a set of satellite observations (TROPOMI, IASI, AHI, and CALIOP) together with photometric ground observations from the worldwide open‐access AERONET network. We document a rapid growth of HT–HH sulfate aerosols in the days following eruption, faster than observed for 1991 Pinatubo eruption, likely due to the exceptional hydration of the stratosphere by this phreatomagmatic eruption. An unusual aerosol fine mode (peak radius in 0.3–0.5 µm) is identified at 20 stations of the Southern Hemisphere until May 2023 (time of writing). Nevertheless, 1.4 years after eruption, HT–HH sulfate aerosols remain smaller than Pinatubo particles. Smaller aerosols backscatter more efficiently visible light and sediment more slowly than larger particles, implying stronger and longer‐lasting negative radiative forcing.