bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degree of bilingualism and executive function in early childhood
Authors: Nguyen My V. H. , Hutchison Lindsey A. , Norvell Gabrielle , Mead Danielle L. , Winsler Adam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between executive functioning (EF) and degree of bilingualism in a sample (N = 79) of 5- to 7-year-old monolingual and bilingual children. The bilingual group included children who are fully fluent in two languages (balanced bilinguals) and children who are still learning their second language (dual-language learners (DLLs). In general, findings revealed mixed associations between bilingualism and EF. There were no language group differences for one type of simple inhibitory control (i.e., go or no-go task). However, a bilingual advantage was demonstrated for another type of simple inhibitory control (the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders task), for complex inhibitory control (i.e., the Simon effect), and for cognitive flexibility (Dimensional Change Card Sort). Effects were found when DLLs and balanced bilinguals were analyzed separately, and the latter two effects were found when both types of bilinguals were compared to monolinguals. The findings contribute to the growing literature examining a possible bilingual effect in early childhood.
Recently on the Latin American Right
Authors: Moulton Aaron Coy 
Published: October 2023

This essay reviews the following works:Revolutionaries for the Right: Anticommunist Internationalism and Paramilitary Warfare in the Cold War. By Kyle Burke. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 351. $35.95 paperback, $19.99 eBook. ISBN: 9781469666204.Moral Majorities across the Americas: Brazil, the United States, and the Creation of the Religious Right. By Benjamin A. Cowan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2021. Pp. x + 294. $29.95 paperback, $95.00 hardcover, $24.99 eBook. ISBN: 9781469552077.Who Killed Berta Cáceres? Dams, Death Squads, and an Indigenous Defender’s Battle for the Planet. By Nina Lakhani. London: Verso, 2020. Pp. 328. $26.95 hardcover with free eBook. ISBN: 9781788733069.The Condor Trials: Transnational Repression and Human Rights in South America. By Francesca Lessa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2022. Pp. xvi + 375. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780300254099.La derecha mexicana en el siglo XX: Agonía, transformación y supervivencia. By Xóchitl Patricia Campos López and Diego Martín Velázquez Caballero. Puebla: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Montiel y Soriano Editores, 2017. Pp. 254 paperback. ISBN: 9786077512776.How Political Parties Mobilize Religion: Lessons from Mexico and Turkey. By Luis Felipe Mantilla. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2021. Pp. viii + 265. $34.95 paperback, $110.50 hardcover, $34.95 e-book. ISBN: 9781439920169.There Are No Dead Here: A Story of Murder and Denial in Colombia. By Maria McFarland Sánchez-Moreno. New York: Hachette Book Group, 2018. Pp. 327. $28.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781568585796.Organized Violence: Capitalist Warfare in Latin America. By Dawn Paley and Simon Granovsky-Larsen. Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada: University of Regina Press, 2019. Pp. x + 284. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780889776104.
Trans* bambalinas: Del freak show al videoarte en el documental disidente chileno
Authors: Pastén López Ignacio A. 
Published: October 2023

Este ensayo reseña los siguientes documentales:El viaje de Monalisa. Dir. Nicole Costa. Prod. Gregory Costa y Daniela Camino. Nueva York, 2019, 93 min. https://ondamedia.cl/show/el-viaje-de-monalisa-1626213821621.Casa Roshell. Dir. Camila José Donoso. Prod. Garbiñe Ortega, Juan Pablo Bastarrachea, Maximiliano Cruz y Sandra Gómez. Chile, 2017, 71 min. https://ondamedia.cl/show/casa-roshell.Naomi Campbel. Dir. Camila José Donoso y Nicolás Videla. Prod. Catalina Donoso y Rocío Romero. Chile, 2013, 83 minutos. https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=236699154110418.En tránsito. Dir. Constanza Gallardo. Prod. Constanza Gallardo y Felipe Garrido González. Chile, 2017, 65 min. https://www.cclm.cl/cineteca-online/en-transito/.El gran circo pobre de Timoteo. Dir. Lorena Giachino Torréns. Prod. Paola Castillo y Marcela Morilla. Chile, 2013, 76 min. https://vimeo.com/ondemand/timoteo.Visibles. Dir. Javiera López Godoy. Chile, 2020, 20 minutos. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrUuX3E8xnI&t=413s&ab_channel=Guat.El diablo es magnífico. Dir. Nicolás Videla. Prod. Sebastián González. Chile, 2016, 80 min. https://ondamedia.cl/show/el-diablo-es-magnifico.
Authoritarianism, perceptions of security threats, and the COVID-19 pandemic: A new perspective
Authors: Stevens Daniel , Banducci Susan , Horvath Laszlo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article offers a new perspective on when and why individual-level authoritarian perceptions of security threats change. We reexamine claims that authoritarian members of the public responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in a counterintuitive fashion. The response was counterintuitive in that, rather than a desire for a stronger government with the ability to impose measures to address the pandemic and its consequences, authoritarian individuals rejected a stronger government response and embraced individual autonomy. The article draws on perceptions of security threats—issues that directly or indirectly harm personal or collective safety and welfare—from surveys in two different contexts in England: 2012, when perceptions of the threat from infectious disease was low relative to most other security threats, and 2020, when perceptions of the personal and collective threat of COVID-19 superseded all other security threats. We argue that the authoritarian response was not counterintuitive once we account for the type of threat it represented.
Printing, Publics, and Pudding: Charles Chauncy's Universal Salvation and the Material Transformation of New England Orthodoxy
Authors: Baysa Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor over thirty years, eighteenth-century Boston minister Charles Chauncy published his views about universal salvation outside of the printing press. While scholars have argued that he was reluctant to publish because of his heterodox views against a predominantly Calvinist public, the long history of a broadly circulating manuscript complicates any clear intentions toward privacy or secrecy. Instead, Chauncy strategized around the printing press and the pulpit. Using more discreet modes of publication, like manuscript circulation and scribal publication, he gathered a supportive public for universal salvation before his views even reached the printing press. The audience for his work grew even further through intimate conversations and private correspondence between readers of the manuscript and those they wanted to convert. By the time Chauncy decided to print his views, Congregationalist ministers’ hopes for a largely orthodox public sphere had already been compromised through various means of sharing, exchanging, and distributing ideas outside of the printing press. In many ways, it was not strictly the allure of Enlightenment ideas that facilitated the liberalization of New England theology. It was also the ways writers like Chauncy attended to different modes of publications to situate different readers as a captive and receptive audience.
The role of budesonide intrapolyp injection in the management of type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Elzayat Saad , Elgendy Ahmed , Lasheen Hesham , El-Deeb Mohamed E , Aouf Mohammad Mahmoud , Gehad Ibrahim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProblemTo assess the efficacy of budesonide intrapolyp injection in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.MethodNinety patients were divided into three groups; group A was given oral prednisolone, group B was given budesonide intrapolyp injection weekly for five consecutive weeks and group C was given budesonide as nasal irrigation for one month. Patients were assessed using Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 score, total nasal polyp score, serum immunoglobulin E, absolute eosinophilic count, and morning cortisol level before treatment, one week and three months after completing their treatment.ResultsTotal nasal polyp score decreased significantly in all groups compared to those at baseline. Reduction in the oral and injection groups was greater than the wash group (p2 = 0.004), (p3 < 0.001), and the same trend concerning Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 score (p2 < 0.001), (p3 < 0.001).ConclusionBudesonide is an effective agent used in intrapolyp injection with no documented systemic or visual side effects that has comparable results with oral steroids.
Brain network integration underpins differential susceptibility of adolescent anxiety
Authors: Ding Qingwen , Xu Jiahua , Peng Siya , Chen Jie , Luo Yu , Li Xuebing , Wu Ruilin , Li Xinying , Qin Shaozheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundParenting is a common and potent environmental factor influencing adolescent anxiety. Yet, the underlying neurobiological susceptibility signatures remain elusive. Here, we used a longitudinal twin neuroimaging study to investigate the brain network integration and its heritable relation to underpin the neural differential susceptibility of adolescent anxiety to parenting environments.Methods216 twins from the Beijing Twin Study completed the parenting and anxiety assessments and fMRI scanning. We first identified the brain network integration involved in the influences of parenting at age 12 on anxiety symptoms at age 15. We then estimated to what extent heritable sensitive factors are responsible for the susceptibility of brain network integration.ResultsConsistent with the differential susceptibility theory, the results showed that hypo-connectivity within the central executive network amplified the impact of maternal hostility on anxiety symptoms. A high anti-correlation between the anterior salience and default mode networks played a similar modulatory role in the susceptibility of adolescent anxiety to paternal hostility. Genetic influences (21.18%) were observed for the connectivity pattern in the central executive network.ConclusionsBrain network integration served as a promising neurobiological signature of the differential susceptibility to adolescent anxiety. Our findings deepen the understanding of the neural sensitivity in the developing brain and can inform early identification and personalized interventions for adolescents at risk of anxiety disorders.
God, the laws of nature, and occasionalism
Authors: Koperski Jeffrey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Occasionalism is often seen as a peculiarity of early modern philosophy. The idea that God is the sole source of efficient causation in the world strikes many as at best implausible. It was, however, a natural inference based on the seventeenth-century view that the laws of nature are simply God's decrees. The question here is whether such a view and its more recent descendants entail occasionalism. I argue that they do not, but showing why involves a new take on what exactly the laws of nature do.
Functional ideographies are composite semiotic systems
Authors: Chrisomalis Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
All sufficiently large functional notations (ideographic or otherwise) are composites of discrete, structured elements (e.g., phonemes, morphemes, numerals). We must consider not only the modality but also the structure of the existing, workable ideographic/semasiographic systems we know (e.g., musical and numerical notation) to establish the cognitive limitations militating against humans memorizing and standardizing domain-general ideographies that would parallel written language.
Puzzling out graphic codes
Authors: Morin Olivier 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This response takes advantage of the diverse and wide-ranging series of commentaries to clarify some aspects of the target article, and flesh out other aspects. My central point is a plea to take graphic codes seriously as codes, rather than as a kind of visual art or as a byproduct of spoken language; only in this way can the puzzle of ideography be identified and solved. In this perspective, I argue that graphic codes do not derive their expressive power from iconicity alone (unlike visual arts), and I clarify the peculiar relationship that ties writing to spoken language. I then discuss three possible solutions to the puzzle of ideography. I argue that a learning account still cannot explain why ideographies fail to evolve, even if we emancipate the learning account from the version that Liberman put forward; I develop my preferred solution, the “standardization account,” and contrast it with a third solution suggested by some commentaries, which says that ideographies do not evolve because they would make communication too costly. I consider, by way of conclusion, the consequences of these views for the future evolution of ideography.
Experiences of COVID-19 lockdown among older people in Aotearoa: idyllic or dystopian?
Authors: Breheny Mary , Stephens Christine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted concern about the wellbeing of older people, however, there have also been accounts of increased sense of community in response to the disruption of established routines. To explore how older people experienced lockdown in Aotearoa/New Zealand, we analysed 635 written comments on the 2020 wave of the Health, Work and Retirement longitudinal survey of people aged 55–85 years. Using narrative genre analysis, we discuss two narratives of lockdown: a narrative of lockdown as ‘idyllic’ and a ‘dystopian’ narrative of distrust. Using the idyllic narrative, people described pleasant activities and linked these stories to earlier times when community life was less time-pressured and people were more connected to one another. The dystopian narrative was used to describe politicians and the media as untrustworthy and to depict new vulnerabilities created by the rules of lockdown. These narrative genres provide different positions for older people. In the idyllic narrative, older people are treasured and supported by younger community members, whereas in the dystopian narrative older people feel abandoned and manipulated. These genres draw on possible late-life futures that are familiar to older people: either treasured or discarded. Identifying these narrative genres reveals the different vulnerabilities older people experience. This information can be used to support older people to experience security and to flourish in uncertain times.
The dark legacy of Nuremberg: Inhumane air warfare, judicial desuetudo and the demise of the principle of distinction in International Humanitarian Law
Authors: von Bernstorff Jochen , Mensching Enno L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOn its seventy-fifth anniversary last year, the Nuremberg war crime trials moved again into the spotlight of public attention. To the present day, Nuremberg is mainly portrayed as the birth of international criminal law being the first tribunal that held individuals accountable for war crimes committed during the Second World War. As we argue in this article, there is an often-overseen dark legacy of Nuremberg as it represents an unused opportunity to establish accountability for inhumane military practices, especially in air warfare, being of tragic influence for the postwar development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as a whole. Going beyond the existing criticism already voiced on Nuremberg’s shortcomings, we hold that the Tribunal’s reluctance to prosecute bombing practices sowed the seeds for the decay of IHL by creating institutionalized silences, especially for massive violations of the principle of distinction. The tribunal thereby sidelined pre-war IHL and infected the development of post-war IHL by retroactively legitimating the bombing practices of the Axis powers and at least indirectly of the Allies. We argue that the failure to prosecute ‘total war’-practices and reestablish former restrictive legal structures regarding aerial bombardment has fundamentally eroded the pre-war meaning of the principle of distinction leading to its downfall in the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Convention of 1977. We describe these developments as a form of judicial desuetudo, meaning the abrogation of a rule through its subsequent non-enforcement by an international court during and after massive law violations because of perceived or real political constraints.
Automatic identification of crystal structures and interfaces via artificial-intelligence-based electron microscopy
Authors: Leitherer Andreas , Yeo Byung Chul , Liebscher Christian H. , Ghiringhelli Luca M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCharacterizing crystal structures and interfaces down to the atomic level is an important step for designing advanced materials. Modern electron microscopy routinely achieves atomic resolution and is capable to resolve complex arrangements of atoms with picometer precision. Here, we present AI-STEM, an automatic, artificial-intelligence based method, for accurately identifying key characteristics from atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of polycrystalline materials. The method is based on a Bayesian convolutional neural network (BNN) that is trained only on simulated images. AI-STEM automatically and accurately identifies crystal structure, lattice orientation, and location of interface regions in synthetic and experimental images. The model is trained on cubic and hexagonal crystal structures, yielding classifications and uncertainty estimates, while no explicit information on structural patterns at the interfaces is included during training. This work combines principles from probabilistic modeling, deep learning, and information theory, enabling automatic analysis of experimental, atomic-resolution images.
Aggregative adherence fimbriae form compact structures as seen by SAXS
Authors: Jønsson Rie , Björling Alexander , Midtgaard Søren Roi , Jensen Grethe Vestergaard , Skar-Gislinge Nicholas , Arleth Lise , Matthews Steve , Krogfelt Karen Angeliki , Jenssen Håvard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBacterial colonization is mediated by fimbriae, which are thin hair-like appendages dispersed from the bacterial surface. The aggregative adherence fimbriae from enteroaggregative E. coli are secreted through the outer membrane and consist of polymerized minor and major pilin subunits. Currently, the understanding of the structural morphology and the role of the minor pilin subunit in the polymerized fimbriae are limited. In this study we use small-angle X-ray scattering to reveal the structural morphology of purified fimbriae in solution. We show that the aggregative fimbriae are compact arrangements of subunit proteins Agg5A + Agg3B which are assembled pairwise on a flexible string rather than extended in relatively straight filaments. Absence of the minor subunit leads to less compact fimbriae, but did not affect the length. The study provides novel insights into the structural morphology and assembly of the aggregative adherence fimbriae. Our study suggests that the minor subunit is not located at the tip of the fimbriae as previously speculated but has a higher importance for the assembled fimbriae by affecting the global structure.
Climate-related experiences and harms in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a survey of 152,088 Mexican youth
Authors: Regules Ricardo , Pinchoff Jessie , Gomez-Ugarte Ana C. , Abularrage Tara F. , Vieitez Isabel , Ngo Thoai D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe dual crises of COVID-19 and climate change are impacting the lives of adolescents and young people as they transition to adulthood in an uncertain world, yet they are often excluded from research and political discourse. We surveyed young people about their needs and experiences, critical to engaging them and designing effective programs and policies to address these intersecting harms. The 2022 round of a national online survey through the Violence Outcomes in COVID-19 Epoch (VoCes) Study surveyed 152,088 Mexican youth (15–24 years). Logistic regressions were implemented to identify characteristics associated with four climate responses (economic, work-related, receiving government support, or social network support). Overall, 8.1% of participants experienced a recent climate hazard, with major impacts including housing damage from floods, and crop/livestock losses from drought. Participants who experienced a climate hazard were more likely to have experienced a pandemic-related harm, suggesting a dual impact. Poor youth were more likely to report economic losses from both the pandemic and a climate event but least likely to receive government support. Economic effects from the pandemic are exacerbating climate-related harms, unequally threatening the poorest youth. Engaging young people in decision-making and supporting the most vulnerable youth is critical for the next generation to thrive.
The role of dexamethasone in mediating the contradictory effects of Wnt antagonists SFRP2 and SFRP3 on human hair follicle growth
Authors: Hamida Ons Ben , Kim Moon Kyu , Kwack Mi Hee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStress can be one of the leading causes of hair loss. Stress related hormones, glucocorticoids (GCs), secretion by hair follicle have been mentioned in literature and proven to exert an inhibitory effect on hair follicle cells growth by modulating the expression of target genes related to cell proliferation and cycling. The gene modulating effect of the synthetic GC, dexamethasone (DEX), in human dermal papilla (DP) cells has been outlined in this study by mediating a contradictory effect on the expression of secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2) and SFRP3. The SFRP2 and SFRP3 possess a regulating effect on wnt signaling pathway. Their structural similarities to the cysteine-rich-domain of the frizzled receptors (FZD) allow their binding to the wnt ligands causing the blocking of the wnt ligands-receptors complex. The SFRP family members have been known as inhibitors of the wnt signaling modulating the proliferation and development of various cells. In hair follicle cells, SFRP2 activity has been reported positively on the proliferation of keratinocytes. However, the SFRP3 effect hasn’t been well addressed. Under stress, the investigation of the mRNA and protein expressions of SFRP members in human DP cells revealed opposite expressions where SFRP2 decreased while SFRP3 increased by DEX. The proliferation rate of hair keratinocytes outer root sheath was detected via immunofluorescence highlighting the stimulatory effect of SFRP2 and the inhibitory effect of SFRP3. Here, we sought to determine the effect of GC agonist on SFRPs expression and their effect on hair follicle growth.