bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercalary Bone Grafts for Joint and Limb Preservation in 17 Dogs with High‐Grade Malignant Tumors of the Diaphysis
Authors: Liptak Julius M. , Dernell William S. , Straw Rodney C. , Jameson Vicki J. , Lafferty Mary H. , Rizzo Scott A. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: September 2004

Objective—To evaluate postoperative complications, limb function, and tumor control after intercalary resection and reconstruction for preservation of limb and joint function in dogs with high‐grade malignant tumors of diaphyseal bone.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Seventeen client‐owned dogs.Methods—The bone tumor database and medical records were reviewed (1986–2002) for dogs with diaphyseal tumors treated with intercalary resection and reconstruction with either an allograft or irradiated autograft. Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, surgical management, and outcome were determined from medical records and telephone interviews with veterinarians and owners. Statistical analyses included χ2to test associations between intra‐ and postoperative variables with complications, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for disease‐free interval, metastasis‐free interval (MFI), and median survival time.Results—Intercalary limb‐sparing surgery was performed in 17 dogs with diaphyseal tumors: osteosarcoma (OSA) (15), histiocytic sarcoma (1), and solitary metastasis from a pulmonary adenocarcinoma (1). One dog was excluded from further analysis when the spared limb was amputated 4 days postoperatively because of incomplete tumor resection. In 16 dogs, limb function was good to excellent. Complications occurred in 5 dogs (31.3%) and included superficial infection in 2 dogs (12.5%) and implant failure in 4 dogs (25%). All implant failures occurred in the ulna and there was a significant association between implant failure and non‐cemented allografts (P=.042). Non‐union of 1 or both osteotomies was diagnosed in 10 dogs (83.3%) and, despite lack of clinical signs in all cases, was significantly associated with the use of intracavitary locally released cisplatin (P=.046) and cemented intercalary grafts (P=.046). Local tumor recurrence was diagnosed in 1 dog (6.3%) and metastatic disease in 12 dogs (75.0%), including 10 dogs with OSA. The median MFI was 137 days. The local disease‐free and overall limb‐salvage rate was 94% and 100%, respectively. Overall median survival time was 393 days and the median survival time for dogs with OSA was 449 days.Conclusion—Intercalary limb‐sparing surgery results in better postoperative limb function with fewer and less severe complications than historical reports of dogs treated with non‐intercalary limb‐sparing surgery.Clinical Relevance—In dogs with diaphyseal tumors, intercalary limb‐sparing surgery preserves normal joint function and results in good to excellent limb use with few complications and good local tumor control.
Comparison of 4 Blood Storage Methods in a Protocol for Equine Pre‐operative Autologous Donation
Authors: Mudge Margaret C. , Macdonald Melinda H. , Owens Sean D. , Tablin Fern 
Published: September 2004

Objective—To compare viability of equine whole blood stored by 4 different methods, and to establish optimal storage protocols for an equine autologous blood donation program.Study Design—In vitro study of stored equine whole blood.Animals—Six healthy adult horses.Methods—Blood from each horse was collected into 4 different containers: glass bottles containing acid–citrate–dextrose solution (ACD), plastic bags containing ACD, citrate–phosphate–dextrose (CPD), and CPD with supplemental adenine (CPDA‐1). Blood was stored for 5 weeks and sampled at 2‐day intervals. Standard hematologic and biochemical variables were evaluated, and adenosine‐5‐triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) concentrations were measured and normalized to total hemoglobin content.Results—Plasma hemoglobin, % hemolysis, lactate, potassium, ammonia, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased, whereas glucose concentration and pH decreased in all stored blood over 5 weeks. There was a temporal increase in hemolysis with all storage methods, but the increase was greatest in glass bottles. Lactate and ammonia were highest in CPD and CPDA‐1 samples, indicating more active red blood cell (RBC) metabolism. 2,3‐DPG concentrations decreased during storage, but were optimally preserved with CPDA‐1. ATP concentrations were significantly higher for blood stored in CPDA‐1, and were lowest in glass bottles.Conclusions—Hematologic and biochemical values measured for blood stored in CPDA‐1 are suggestive of improved RBC viability compared with other storage methods. With the exception of ATP, results from stored equine blood were similar to those reported for other species.Clinical Relevance—Commercial CPDA‐1 bags appear to be the optimal storage method for equine whole blood.
A Vaginal Mucosal Pedicle Flap Technique for Repair of Rectovaginal Fistula in Mares
Authors: Schönfelder Axel M. , Sobiraj Axel 
Published: September 2004

Objective— To describe the use of a vaginal mucosal pedicle flap for repair of rectovaginal fistulae (RVF) in mares.Study Design— Clinical case report.Animals— Three mares with RVF.Methods— After debriding the RVF, a dorsally based U‐shaped mucosal and submucosal pedicle flap (2–4 mm thick) was dissected from the vaginal wall, rotated approximately 90° angle to close the ventral aspect of the fistula and sutured in position with 10–13 single sutures that did not penetrate the rectal mucosa. This positioned the vaginal mucosa so that it was continuous with the rectal mucosa.Results— Two RVF healed by 1st intention whereas for the 3rd RVF, 2 additional single sutures were required to repair partial dehiscence after 10 days. At 6 weeks and 6 months all RVF were healed. One mare subsequently foaled without complications.Conclusions— RVF can be closed by use of a rotation flap of vaginal tissue.Clinical Relevance— Tension‐free closure of RVF can be achieved by rotating a pedicle flap of vaginal mucosal tissue without undue wound tension, and should be considered as an alternative to conventional appositional techniques.
A Comparison of Knot Security of Commonly Used Hand‐Tied Laparoscopic Slipknots
Authors: Shettko Donna L. , Frisbie David D. , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: September 2004

Objective— To compare the peak force required for failure of hand‐tied laparoscopic slipknot ligatures.Study Design— In vitro mechanical evaluation of suture material/knot combinations.Sample Population— Four hand‐tied laparoscopic slipknots were studied. Three suture materials and 2 suture sizes were evaluated. Twenty samples of each group were tested, for a total of 400 samples.Methods— The 4S modified Roeder, modified Roeder, and Weston and Brooks laparoscopic slipknots using 0 polyglyconate, 0 polyglycolic acid, 1 polyglyconate, and 1 polydioxanone (PDS) were tested. A vertical distracting force (5 mm/s) was applied until failure. Mean peak force to failure was obtained for each suture material, size, and knot combination.Results— Mean (±SEM) peak force to failure of hand‐tied ligatures ranged from 156.8±9.1 N to 4.8±.4 N. The 4S‐modified Roeder had the highest mean peak force to failure. Ligatures tied with polyglyconate and size 1 suture had the highest mean peak force to failure.Conclusions— The 4S‐modified Roeder was significantly and consistently stronger than the other slipknots. Polyglyconate was superior to other suture materials. The 1 polyglyconate had the highest mean peak force to failure followed by 0 polyglyconate that exceeded the 1PDS.Clinical Relevance— The 4S‐modified Roeder slipknot using 1 polyglyconate has the greatest breaking strength of sutures tested and should be considered when performing laparoscopic ligatures.
A Prospective Study of Postoperative Surgical Site Infections in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Eugster Simone , Schawalder Peter , Gaschen Frédéric , Boerlin Patrick 
Published: September 2004

Objective—To assess postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) rate and to identify associated predictive factors.Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Dogs and cats that had surgery (1010 interventions) during 58 weeks from April 1999 to June 2000.Methods—Data sheets were completed by clinicians. Patients were controlled for clinical evidence of SSI at suture removal. Two definitions of SSI (“infection” and “infection/inflammation”) were developed specifically for this study and used for statistical analysis. Logistic regression models were built in order to identify significant predictive factors for SSI.Results—Wounds with “infection/inflammation” occurred in 5.8% and “infected” wounds in 3% of patients. The outcome “infection” was associated with 3 major risk factors (duration of surgery, increasing number of persons in the operating room, dirty surgical site) and 1 protective factor (antimicrobial prophylaxis). The outcome “infection/inflammation” was associated with 6 significant factors (duration of anesthesia, duration of postoperative intensive care unit stay, wound drainage, increasing patient weight, dirty surgical site, and antimicrobial prophylaxis).Conclusions—SSI frequency in companion animals is comparable with the frequency observed in human surgical patients. Several significant predictive factors for SSI in small animals surgery were identified.Clinical Relevance—Baseline information for SSI surveillance in our hospital and for comparison with other studies was defined. The factors identified may help to predict infections in surgical patients and to take adequate preventive measures for patients at risk.
Effects of Ovariohysterectomy on Canine Blood Neutrophil Respiratory Burst: a Chemiluminescence Study
Authors: Väisänen Misse , Lilius Esa‐Matti , Mustonen Leena , Raekallio Marja , Kuusela Erja , Koivisto Maarit , Vainio Outi 
Published: September 2004

Objective— To examine blood neutrophil counts and luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) responses in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OH), premedicated with 2 different drugs.Study Design— Randomized clinical study.Animals— Forty‐two healthy client‐owned bitches.Methods— Dogs had OH under isoflurane anesthesia with either acepromazine or medetomidine, both in combination with butorphanol, administered as preanesthetic medication. Blood samples were collected when the dog was admitted, at the end of surgery, and the next day (approximately 20 hours after surgery). Blood neutrophils were counted automatically, and neutrophil oxidative activity was assessed by measuring blood CL responses (induced by opsonized zymosan and enhanced by luminol) at 37°C for 40 minutes.Results— Number of circulating neutrophils was significantly increased the day after surgery reflected by enhanced blood CL responses. Neutrophil CL, however, was not significantly altered. No significant differences were detected for perioperative Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) characteristics between the 2 preanesthetic regimens.Conclusions— In conclusion, despite clearly increasing the number of circulating neutrophils, OH did not significantly affect neutrophil respiratory burst, as measured by whole‐blood CL responses.Clinical Relevance— Surgical operation of moderate intensity (e.g., OH) did not significantly alter one of the important immune functions, neutrophil oxidative activity. Further studies are warranted to confirm the significance of this finding, and to assess the value of following this variable in different animal patient populations.
Occult Subchondral Osseous Cyst‐like Lesions of the Equine Tarsocrural Joint
Authors: García‐López José M. , Kirker‐Head Carl A. 
Published: September 2004

Objective—To report the clinical signs, diagnosis, management, and outcome of horses with occult sub‐chondral osseous cyst‐like lesions of the tarsocrural joint.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Twelve horses with subchondral osseous cyst‐like lesions (SOCLs) in the tarsocrural joint.Methods—Information about history, examination findings, diagnostic techniques, and surgical procedures as obtained from medical records. Outcome was determined by patient re‐evaluation and telephone communication with the referring veterinarian, owner, or trainer.Results—Horses were aged from 3 to 29 years. Lameness (2 weeks to 1 year) varied from moderate to severe. Synovial fluid analyses (9 horses) yielded changes consistent with suppurative inflammation and positive bacterial culture was obtained in 4 horses. Eight of 9 horses that had intra‐articular analgesia had a dramatic reduction in lameness. No abnormalities were detected on tarsal radiographs in 10 horses. Scintigraphy identified foci of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the distal tibia or talus of all horses, and the lesion was further characterized by computed tomography in 7 horses. SOCLs were identified in the medial malleolus (5), intertrochlear groove of the talus (4), lateral malleolus (2), and distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (1). One horse was euthanatized, 6 horses had surgical debridement, and 5 horses were managed conservatively. Four horses treated surgically (67%) returned to soundness. Conservatively treated horses continued to exhibit lameness but 2 were sufficiently sound for light pleasure riding.Conclusions—Occult lesions of the tarsus not visible on radiographs can be detected by computed tomography and scintigraphy and may be a source of lameness.Clinical Relevance—SOCL, possibly of septic origin, should be a differential diagnosis for persistent lameness localized to the tarsocrural joint without radiographic abnormalities. Surgical debridement of the lesions may offer the best prognosis for a return to athletic soundness.
Sleep Deprivation and Epilepsy
Authors: Malow Beth A. 
Published: September 2004

A patient with epilepsy should “spend the day awake and the night asleep. If this habit be disturbed, it is not so good … worse of all when he sleeps neither night nor day.”—Hippocrates ( 1 ) This review summarizes the data for and against sleep deprivation as a facilitator of epileptic seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges. Much of these data are derived from clinical studies; however, basic science investigations are greatly needed to determine the influence of sleep deprivation on seizure susceptibility and neuronal function. Study of the effects of sleep deprivation on epilepsy may create a window of opportunity that could help decipher how seizures are triggered and facilitated, potentially providing an avenue for future interventions.
Spontaneous progression of experimentally induced periimplantitis
Authors: Zitzmann N. U. , Berglundh T. , Ericsson I. , Lindhe J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground: Periimplantitis represents an inflammatory condition that is associated with the presence of a submarginal biofilm and with advanced breakdown of soft and mineralized tissues surrounding endosseous implants. Animal models have been used to describe mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of the soft and hard tissue lesions of periimplantitis.Objective: The aim of the present experiment was to study the presence and progression of inflammatory lesions in tissues surrounding implants exposed to “experimental periimplantitis”.Material and Methods: Five Labrador dogs were used. In each dog, 2 or 3 implants were placed in both the left and right edentulous premolar regions of the mandible. Abutment connection was performed 4 months later and a plaque control regimen was initiated and maintained for 5 months. “Experimental periimplantitis” was subsequently induced by ligature placement and plaque accumulation was allowed to progress until about 40% of the height of the supporting bone had been lost. The ligatures were removed, but plaque formation was allowed to continue for an additional 12 months. Radiographs of all implant sites were obtained before and after active “experimental periimplantitis” as well as at the end of the experiment. Biopsies were harvested from the implant sites in 3 of the dogs. The tissue samples were prepared for light microscopy and the sections were used for histometric and morphometric examinations.Results: One implant was lost during the first 2 months of “experimental periimplantitis” and two implants were lost during the 12 months that followed ligature removal. The radiographic examination indicated that varying amounts of additional bone loss occurred in the majority of the implant sites also following ligature removal. The mucosa of all implant sites harbored inflammatory lesions that extended apically of the pocket epithelium. The lesions were separated from the marginal bone by a zone of apparently normal connective tissue.Conclusion: A remission of the destructive inflammatory lesion in the periimplant tissues was seen in some sites following ligature removal, but in the majority of sites additional loss of supporting bone occurred.
Clinical and microbiological changes associated with the use of combined antimicrobial therapies to treat “refractory” periodontitis
Authors: Haffajee A. D. , Uzel N. G. , Arguello E. I. , Torresyap G. , Guerrero D. M. , Socransky S. S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground: The present investigation examined clinical and microbial changes after a combined aggressive antimicrobial therapy in subjects identified as “refractory” to conventional periodontal therapy.Method: Fourteen subjects were identified as “refractory” based on full‐mouth mean attachment loss and/or >3 sites with attachment loss 3 mm following scaling and root planing (SRP), periodontal surgery and systemic antibiotics. After baseline monitoring, subjects received SRP, locally delivered tetracycline at pockets 4 mm, systemically administered amoxicillin (500 mg, t.i.d. for 14 days)+metronidazole (250 mg, t.i.d. for 14 days) and professional removal of supragingival plaque weekly for 3 months. Subjects were monitored clinically every 3 months post‐therapy for 2 years. Subgingival plaque samples were taken at the same time points from the mesial aspect of each tooth and the levels of 40 subgingival taxa were determined using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Mean levels of each species were averaged within a subject at each visit. Significance of changes in clinical and microbiological parameters over time were evaluated using the Friedman or Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results: On average, subjects showed significant improvements in all clinical parameters after therapy. Mean (±SEM) full‐mouth pocket depth reduction was 0.83±0.13 mm and mean attachment level “gain” was 0.44±0.12 at 24 months. Clinical improvement was accompanied by major reductions in multiple subgingival species during the first 3 months of active therapy that were maintained for most species to the last monitoring visit. Reductions occurred for three Actinomyces species, “orange complex” species including Campylobacter showae, Eubacterium nodatum, three Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies, Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotella intermedia as well as the “Streptococcus milleri” group, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedus. Subjects differed in their response to therapy; six modest response subjects exhibited less attachment level gain and were characterized by reductions in the microbiota from baseline to 3 months, but re‐growth of many species thereafter.Conclusions: The combined antibacterial therapy was successful in controlling disease progression in 14 “refractory” periodontitis subjects for 2 years.
Prognostic factors for alveolar regeneration: osteogenic potential of resident bone
Authors: Polimeni Giuseppe , Albandar Jasim M. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectives: There is a limited understanding of the role of resident bone in periodontal regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the resident alveolar bone on bone regeneration in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in the presence or the absence of cell occlusivity.Methods: Critical‐size, 6‐mm, supra‐alveolar periodontal defects were created in six young adult Beagle dogs. Space‐providing, occlusive or porous expanded polytetrafluaroethylene devices were implanted to provide for GTR. Treatments were alternated between left and right jaw quadrants in subsequent animals. The gingival flaps were advanced for primary intention healing. The animals were euthanized at week 8 postsurgery. The histometric analysis assessed regeneration of alveolar bone relative to space‐provision by the GTR device and width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect.Results: There were no significant differences in mean alveolar regeneration between sites receiving the porous GTR device with a narrow versus a wide alveolar ridge after adjusting for wound area (2.22 versus 2.50 mm, respectively; p=0.36). In contrast, analysis using sites receiving the occlusive GTR device revealed significantly greater bone regeneration at sites with a wide compared with a narrow alveolar ridge (3.34 versus 2.53 mm, respectively; p=0.02). Regression analysis showed a significant relationship (p0.05) between space‐provision and bone regeneration for all groups except for sites with a wide alveolar ridge receiving the occlusive GTR device (p=0.5).Conclusions: The resident alveolar bone may significantly influence the magnitude of alveolar bone regeneration. The relative presence of cells from the gingival connective tissue may attenuate this effect.