bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural Prescription Denials and Risk of Acute Care Utilization and Spending Among Medicaid Patients
Authors: Muralidharan Bhairavi , Basu Sanjay , Tingen Jeffrey , Patel Sadiq Y. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceRising prescription medication costs under Medicaid have led to increased procedural prescription denials by health plans. The effect of unresolved denials on chronic condition exacerbation and subsequent acute care utilization remains unclear.ObjectiveTo examine whether procedural prescription denials are associated with increased net spending through downstream acute care utilization among Medicaid patients not obtaining prescribed medication following a denial.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used Medicaid claims data from 2022 to 2023 for patients at inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy sites of care across 2 states (Virginia and Washington) and 2 independent health plans. Patients with at least 1 prescription denial in the study period (January 1 through July 31, 2023) were matched to those without denials in a given medication class, based on demographics, health plan data, chronic condition history, and health care utilization. Rates of and spending for physiologically related acute care visits in the 60 days following a medication fill or denial were compared for the study period.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were all-cause acute care utilization and total medical spending (in 2023 US dollars per member per year [PMPY]) for principal diagnoses physiologically related to each medication class, in the 60 days following a medication fill or denial. Sensitivity analyses were performed to check for spurious associations or unmeasured confounders.ResultsThe 19 725 patients in this study had a median age of 41 (IQR, 29-55) years, and most (60.7%) were female. Patients had a mean (SD) of 3.3 (16.1) comorbidities, 1.0 (2.6) all-cause acute care visits, and 5.6 (7.8) primary care visits during the baseline period. Patients experiencing specific procedural prescription denials had a higher risk of physiologically related emergency department visits and hospitalizations compared with those without a denial in the subsequent 60 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.03-1.88] minimum vs 1.75 [95% CI, 1.39-2.20] maximum for exposure and control groups across the 7 medication classes with significant differences). Denials in 6 medication classes were associated with net total medical spending increases, ranging from $624 (95% CI, $435-$813) to $3016 (95% CI, $1483-$4550) in additional expense PMPY after accounting for both prescription and medical costs attributed to denials.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that although procedural prescription denials aimed to curb immediate drug costs, some denials prompted heightened acute care utilization and costs that outweighed the short-term prescription budget savings. Health plans should incorporate this potential unintended consequence when shaping prescription coverage policies. Future research should systematically review all medication classes across plans nationally.
Transportation Insecurity, Social Support, and Adherence to Cancer Screening
Authors: Pohl Alexa L. , Aderonmu Aderinsola A. , Grab Joshua D. , Cohen-Tigor Leora A. , Morris Arden M. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceTransportation insecurity and lack of social support are 2 understudied social determinants of health that contribute to excess morbidity, mortality, and acute health care utilization. However, whether and how these social determinants of health are associated with cancer screening has not been determined and has implications for preventive care.ObjectiveTo determine whether transportation insecurity or social support are associated with screening adherence for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the publicly available 2018 in-person National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) comprising a noninstitutionalized, civilian adult population of the United States. Participants included adults eligible for colorectal, breast, or cervical cancer screening who participated in the in-depth NHIS interview (1 selected per household). Data were acquired in December 2023 and analyzed through July 31, 2024.ExposuresTransportation insecurity, represented dichotomously as adults who reported that they have or have not delayed medical care in the past year due to transportation difficulties, and neighborhood social support, represented as factor scores derived from 4 Likert-type questions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was adherence to the US Preventive Services Task Force screening recommendations in place during 2018 for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer.ResultsIn 2018, of 25 417 NHIS respondents (55% female), 660 (3%) reported delaying medical care because they did not have transportation. In fully adjusted models, transportation insecurity was associated with adherence to breast cancer screening (odds ratio [OR], 0.59 [95% CI, 0.40-0.86]) but not to colorectal (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.65-1.15]) or cervical (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.46-1.13) cancer screening. Social support was associated with colorectal (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06-1.17]) and breast (OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05-1.22]) cancer screening but not with cervical cancer screening (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.93-1.10]). There were no significant interactions between transportation insecurity and social support for any cancer screening.Conclusions and RelevanceThe presence of transportation insecurity was associated with a 41% reduction in the odds of breast cancer screening. Clinicians should consider screening for transportation needs at the time of mammography referral, as patients may be eligible for programs that can assist with medical transportation needs.
Urinary DNA Methylation Test for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Jeong In Gab , Yun Sung-Cheol , Ha Hong Koo , Kang Sung Gu , Lee Sangchul , Park Sungchan , Sung Hyun Hwan , Kim Sun Il , Hwang Eu Chang , Moon Kyung Cheol , Kwak Cheol 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceAn accurate noninvasive biomarker test is needed for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of a urinary DNA methylation test (PENK methylation) and compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) test or urine cytology test.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this prospective multicenter study at 10 sites in the Republic of Korea, individuals 40 years and older with hematuria undergoing cystoscopy within 3 months between March 11, 2022, and May 30, 2024, participated. The study participants were evaluated for bladder cancer using a urinary DNA methylation test.ExposureUrinary DNA methylation test, NMP22 test, and urine cytology test.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of the urinary DNA methylation test for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer. Secondary objectives included the accuracy of the test for overall bladder cancer (all stages and grades) and the comparison of sensitivities and specificities for bladder cancer between the urinary DNA methylation test and the NMP22 test or urine cytology test.ResultsAmong the 1099 participants, 614 (55.9%) were male; participants had a mean (SD) age of 65 (10) years. Of the 1099 participants, 219 and 176 participants had bladder cancer and high-grade or invasive bladder cancer, respectively. The urinary DNA methylation test had sensitivity and specificity for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer of 89.2% (95% CI, 84.6%-93.8%) and 87.8% (95% CI, 85.6%-89.9%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for overall bladder cancer were 78.1% (95% CI, 72.6%-83.6%) and 88.8% (95% CI, 86.7%-90.8%), respectively. The positive predictive value for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer was 61.3% (95% CI, 55.4%-67.3%), and the negative predictive value was 97.6% (95% CI, 96.6%-98.7%). In comparison with the NMP22 test or urine cytology test, the urinary DNA methylation test showed significantly superior sensitivity for high-grade or invasive bladder cancer and overall bladder cancer.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective multicenter study of individuals with hematuria, the urinary DNA methylation test showed 89% sensitivity for detecting high-grade or invasive bladder cancer, outperforming the NMP22 test or urine cytology test with high specificity. While this test had an excellent negative predictive value, its positive predictive value was suboptimal.
Pierceable, Storable, and Manipulable Liquid Capsules for Precise Monitoring and Efficient Cargo Transport in Biotechnological Advances
Authors: Pinho Ana Rita , Wang Chunming , Gomes Maria Clara , Mano João Filipe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSoft liquified capsules are explored for various biotechnological applications owing to their versatility and protective nature. However, it is challenging to assess and control their internal environment post‐production without compromising their structural integrity. This study explores liquid capsules with shells created from gelatin modified with hydroxypyridinone groups and coordinated with iron ions to enable access to and control over their internal content. Using glycerol as a cryoprotectant prevents ice crystal formation in gelatin‐derived hydrogel pores during storage at −20 °C. The hygroscopic properties provided by glycerol effectively preserve the structural and self‐healing features of the shell over time, supporting large‐scale production of off‐the‐shelf containers. As a proof‐of‐concept, the ability to manipulate the internal content, and real‐time analysis of internal pH, oxygen, and protein levels is shown. The nature of these capsules allows them to closely emulate the elasticity and self‐healing of natural cell membranes, enabling in situ modulation of the internal content without compromising the capsule structural integrity. These findings support the development of universal incubator units for in vitro studies, advancing bioreactors, sensors, and frameworks crucial for bioengineering microtissues across diverse applications.
Electrophotographic Powder Application for Surface Functionalization of Polymer Parts with Thin Silver‐Nanoadditivated Bactericidal Layers
Authors: Kricke Jan Lino , Ebert Niklas , Sorarrain Ane , Roth Stephan , Fischer Dagmar , Schmidt Michael , Gökce Bilal , Marimón José María , Kopp Sebastian‐Paul , Doñate‐Buendía Carlos 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe feedstock in laser beam powder bed fusion of plastics (PBF‐LB/P) is typically limited to a few materials with strict flowability requirements and low recycling rates, compromising its economic efficiency and sustainability. Polymer nanoadditivation gains attraction to tailor their physiochemical properties by incorporating nanoadditives. Herein, a new approach is introduced to functionalize polymer part surfaces via electrophotographic powder application (EPA). Polyamide 12 (PA 12) microparticles decorated with laser‐synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are printed as thin layers on bulk PA 12 parts. The coating provides bactericidal functionality to the printed part with reduced nanoadditive employment. Indeed, only two Ag‐PA 12 layers accounting for a 140 µm thick coating inhibit S. aureus and E. coli bacteria growth. As a result of the low coating thickness and Ag NP loading of only 0.1 wt.%, the mechanical and calorimetric properties remain unaffected. Owing to its versatility, the proposed approach is envisioned to facilitate selective surface functionalization toward graded materials printing at reduced costs and waste generation.
Fluid‐Induced Reconfigurable Polarization‐Insensitive Metasurfaces for Optical Wireless Communications
Authors: Khalid Ramna , Kim Jaekyung , Mahmood Nasir , Candeo Alessia , Rahman Abdul , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Zubair Muhammad , Bozóki Zoltán , Rho Junsuk 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn optical wireless communication (OWC), the adaptability of infrared and visible spectra is attracting growing interest. These technologies are promising solutions for various real‐world applications, including indoor, underwater, vehicular, and IoT systems. However, conventional OWC systems are constrained by their bulky structures and fixed optical properties, which limit their ability to provide on‐demand communication services and integrate with on‐chip technologies. Therefore, the demand for ultrathin, reconfigurable devices with real‐time adaptability is becoming increasingly urgent to ensure efficient and reliable communication. Here, this study introduces a fluid‐induced reconfigurable, polarization‐insensitive metasurface to enhance the performance and flexibility of OWC networks. A key feature is its ability to adjust diffracted light to meet communication requirements, irrespective of the polarization state of the incident light. This metasurface utilizes infrared light at a wavelength of 1550 nm to enhance signal transmission and reduce environmental interference. In a proof‐of‐concept, a 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm metasurface is fabricated, and its focal length variation is verified in three different fluidic environments: Air (n = 1), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (n = 1.491), and AZ‐GXR (n = 1.602). The proposed design offers reconfigurability, reduced polarization sensitivity, and consistent signal quality, making it ideal for next‐generation OWC applications.
Helical Ladder Oligomers Exhibit Amplified Circularly Polarized Emission
Authors: Bræstrup Christoffer , Xiao Xiao , García‐González Francisco , Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Aranda Daniel , Bao Si Tong , Cavlovic Daniel , Jiang Haoyu , Ng Fay , Nuckolls Colin , Santoro Fabrizio , Pittelkow Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEstablishing design principles to engineer molecules that exhibit strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐brightness across the UV, visible and NIR spectral range remains an unsolved challenge. To achieve a large CPL‐brightness, the main difficulty is to optimize the luminescence dissymmetry factor glum. Herein is described the discovery that a multi‐helicene system based on a series of annulated [6]helicenes and perylenediimides, exhibits larger‐than‐linear amplification of glum with helicene length. Large enhanced fluorescent quantum yields and large extinction coefficients are also observed for this length series. Consequently, this series of oligomers exhibit exceptional CPL brightness (BCPL) above 1 × 103 mol−1 cm−1. Using computational methods based on density functional theory (DFT), the experimental trend shows that the increase of glum is due to the progressive alignment of magnetic (|m|) and electric transition (|µ|) dipole moment vectors, as the helical backbone grows longer.
Advancing Vanadium MXene Cathodes: Strategic Enhancements for Superior Performance in Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: M Jenitha , D. Durgalakshmi , M. R. Ashwin Kishore , S. Balakumar , R Ajay Rakkesh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVanadium‐based MXenes have gained attention as potential electrode materials for Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their layered architecture, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable redox properties. This review provides strategies such as surface functionalization, interlayer engineering, and hybridization with conductive materials to improve ion diffusion kinetics, structural stability, and energy density. This study addresses several issues including electrode degradation, limited cycling stability, and performance under practical conditions, along with insights into innovative approaches for overcoming these limitations. By summarizing the cutting‐edge developments and offering perspectives on next‐phase research directions, this review aims to guide the strategic enhancement of vanadium MXene cathodes for high‐ efficiency Zinc‐ion batteries, paving the way for their practical application in next‐generation energy storage devices.
Single‐Cell Landscape of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Identifies Specific Neutrophils during Septic Immunosuppression
Authors: Shen Rong , Jiang Yi , Liu Guanglong , Gao Shenjia , Sun Hao , Wu Xinyi , Gu Jiahui , Wu Han , Mo Ke , Niu Xing , Ben‐Ami Ronen , Shang Wanjing , Zhang Jie , Wang Jun , Miao Changhong , Wang Zhizhang , Chen Wankun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSepsis‐induced immunosuppression is related to increased susceptibility to secondary infections and death. Lung is the most vulnerable target organ in sepsis, but the understanding of the pulmonary immunosuppression state is still limited. Here, single‐cell RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is performed to map the landscape of immune cells, revealing a neutrophil‐driven immunosuppressive program in the lungs of patients with immunosuppressive sepsis. Although immunosuppressive genes are upregulated in different immune cells, only neutrophils dramatically increase in the BALF of patients in immunosuppressive phase of sepsis. Five neutrophil subpopulations in BALF are identified, among which CXCR2+ and CD274 (PD‐L1 coding gene)+IL1RN+ neutrophil subpopulations increased significantly during septic immunosuppression. Interestingly, a developmental trajectory from CXCR2+ to CD274+IL1RN+ neutrophil subpopulation is disclosed. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of CXCR2 blockade is observed on the survival of septic mice, along with a decreased number of PD‐L1+ neutrophils. Taken together, the CXCR2+ neutrophil subpopulation is discovered as a contributor to immunosuppression in sepsis and identified it as a potential therapeutic target in sepsis treatment.
Plasma proteomic characterization of motoric cognitive risk and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Gomez Gabriela T. , Sathyan Sanish , Chen Jingsha , Fornage Myriam , Schlosser Pascal , Peng Zhongsheng , Cordon Jenifer , Palta Priya , Sullivan Kevin J. , Tin Adrienne , Windham B. Gwen , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Barzilai Nir , Milman Sofiya , Verghese Joe , Coresh Josef , Walker Keenan A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMotoric cognitive risk (MCR) is a pre‐dementia syndrome characterized by mobility and cognitive dysfunction. This study conducted a proteome‐wide study of MCR and compared the proteomic signatures of MCR to that of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).METHODSParticipants were classified as MCR using a memory questionnaire and 4‐meter walk. We measured 4877 plasma proteins collected during late‐life and midlife. Multivariable logistic regression related each protein to late‐life MCR/MCI. MCR‐associated proteins were replicated internally at midlife and in an external cohort.RESULTSProteome‐wide analysis (n = 4076) identified 25 MCR‐associated proteins. Eight of these proteins remained associated with late‐life MCR when measured during midlife. Two proteins (SVEP1 and TAGLN) were externally replicated. Compared to MCI, MCR had a distinct and much stronger proteomic signature enriched for cardiometabolic and immune pathways.DISCUSSIONOur findings highlight the divergent biology underlying two pre‐dementia syndromes. Metabolic and immune dysfunction may be a primary driver of MCR.Highlights
MCR is defined by concurrent cognitive and gait dysfunction.
MCR protein biomarkers have key roles in cardiometabolic and vascular function.
MCR biomarkers are also associated with cerebrovascular disease and dementia.
MCR and MCI demonstrate overlapping but divergent proteomic signatures.
Hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive decline in LATE‐NC and ADNC among community‐dwelling older persons
Authors: Agrawal Sonal , Yu Lei , Leurgans Sue E. , Nag Sukriti , Barnes Lisa L , Bennett David A , Schneider Julie A 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study investigates the inter‐related roles of hippocampal neuronal loss (HNL), limbic‐predominant age‐related TAR‐DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE‐NC), and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) on cognitive decline.METHODSParticipants underwent annual cognitive testing and autopsy. HNL, ADNC, LATE‐NC, and other age‐related pathologies were evaluated. Regression and mixed‐effects models examined the association of HNL with ADNC and LATE‐NC, and separately with cognitive decline. Path analyses examined the extent to which associations of LATE‐NC and ADNC with cognitive decline were attributable to HNL.RESULTSLATE‐NC was associated with more severe HNL, but ADNC was associated only after excluding subjects with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). HNL was associated with faster decline in global cognition and episodic, semantic, and working memory. In path analyses, about 61% of the association of LATE‐NC with cognitive decline was attributable to HNL, whereas for ADNC it was mostly independent of HNL.DISCUSSIONHNL has an independent contribution to cognitive decline and acts as a major step in LATE‐NC‐related cognitive decline.Highlights
Hippocampal neuronal loss (HNL) is associated with cognitive decline.
HNL is a prominent feature of limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE‐NC) and less so with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC).
HNL acts as a major pathway in cognitive decline for LATE‐NC.
Differential mechanisms in hippocampal degeneration are associated with LATE‐NC versus ADNC.
A Bis‐Perylene Diimide Macrocycle Chiroptical Switch
Authors: Hartmann Denis , Penty Samuel E. , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. , Pal Robert , Barendt Timothy A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHelical assemblies of organic dyes are ubiquitous chiral organic materials, with valuable properties including chiroptical switching due to the dynamic nature of supramolecular chirality. Herein, we report a novel chiral bis‐perylene diimide macrocycle, which acts as a discrete molecular model for a chiral supramolecular assembly. Point chirality is installed through amino acid‐derived imide groups which, upon macrocyclization, is translated into helical chirality in the perylene diimide dimer. In solution, the macrocycle's chiroptical properties are switchable, with both the sign (+/−) and amplitude (on/off) of the signal tuned using solvent and molecular recognition stimuli respectively. The chiral structure–property relationships identified from this macrocycle are important for the design of high fidelity supramolecular chiroptical switches.
Natural products against tau hyperphosphorylation‐induced aggregates: Potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Basurto‐Islas Gustavo , Diaz Maximiliano Caye , Ocampo Lizeth M. Zavala , Martínez‐Herrera Melchor , López‐Camacho Perla Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairments and is considered the most prevalent form of dementia. Among the contributing factors to AD lies the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule‐associated protein tau. Phosphorylated tau reduces its affinity for microtubules and triggers other posttranslational modifications that result in its aggregation and assembly into filaments. These structures progressively accumulate within neurons leading to neurodegeneration. While current AD medications often involve undesirable side effects, the exploration of natural products as a potential therapeutic alternative has gained considerable attention. Numerous compounds have shown potential capacity for reducing tau pathology through different mechanisms, such as inhibiting kinases to reduce tau hyperphosphorylation, enhancing phosphatase activity, and blocking fibril formation. Since tau hyperphosphorylation‐induced aggregation is pivotal in AD onset, this review aims to elucidate the potential of natural products in modulating this crucial molecular mechanism.