bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Characteristics in Delusional Pregnancy: A Matched Control Group Study
Authors: Rosch Deborah S. , Sajatovic Martha , Sivec Harry 
Published: May 2005

Objective: False pregnancy or delusional pregnancy, is the condition of believing one is pregnant despite factual evidence to the contrary. This is the first study to utilize a standardized mental disorder assessment tool, The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) to evaluate a group of women with delusional pregnancy compared to a group of controls. Method: Eleven-women with delusional pregnancy (DP) were compared to a control group matched for age, race and DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis. All patients were receiving care in a state psychiatric hospital setting. Results: Compared to matched controls, women with DP had significantly higher levels of hostility ( p < .05), higher rates of prescribed polypharmacy ( p < .05) and a trend toward higher antipsychotic medication dosages ( t = 1.48, df = 20, p = .08). These findings may be suggestive of greater resistance to treatment in women with DP. Conclusions: Biologic and psychotherapeutic treatment interventions for women with DP may need to address factors of hostility and treatment resistance. Preliminary treatment issues include selection of specific categories of psychotropic agents, as well as psychotherapies that are cognitive and lead to modification of belief paradigm.
An Evaluative Study of Three Photographic Focusing Screens under Two Levels of Illumination
Authors: Bunch John B. 
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the ability of photography students to focus a camera accurately under two levels of illumination (high/low) with three types of focusing screens (plain groundglass, split-image and microprism). The participants were required to focus each screen three times under each light level; scores were focus errors in feet. A 2 × 3 MANOVA design was used, and post hoc comparisons were made for plain vs. split-image, plain vs. microprism, and plain vs. microprism and split-image combined. There was significantly less focus error (p < .05) under the low illumination level, but no significant difference between screen types across both light levels. The screen type X light level interaction was much higher than the p .05 required in this study. Plain groundglass produced the least overall error; microprism yielded the least error under low illumination and the highest error under high illumination; and split-image was the most accurate under high illumination and the least accurate for the low light level condition.
Stressful Life Events and Minor Psychiatric Disorders: An Estimate of the Population Attributable Fraction in a Brazilian Community-Based Study
Authors: Lima Mauricio S. , Beria Jorge U. , Tomasi Elaine , Conceicao Adriano T. , Mari Jair J. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: A population-based survey was conducted in Pelotas, southern Brazil, to assess the specific and the combined contribution of life events and socioeconomic factors on the overall prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders (MPD). Methods: The study covered a representative sample of the population aged fifteen years or older living in the urban area of the city. Using multi-stage sampling, a total of thirty census tracts and 600 households were selected. A standardized questionnaire assessed the presence of MPD (using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire—SRQ-20), the occurrence of life events (death of a relative, a relative with a chronic disease, loss of employment, divorce, migration, accident, and robbery/assault), and socioeconomic factors. Results: The prevalence of MPD was 22.7 percent (17.9% males and 26.5% females) and increased with age. Significant linear relationships with education and income were observed: the less education and income, the higher the prevalence of MPD. All life events, except migration and accident, were positively associated with MPD. People who experienced divorce in the last year had a prevalence of MPD three times higher than those who had not. The likelihood of MPD increased linearly with the number of life events. The highest proportion of Population Attributable Fraction for any life events was 24 percent. Conclusions: These data suggest that life events can explain a substantial proportion of MPD and with socioeconomic factors may be related to the onset of MPD.
The Role of Radio in Interpersonal Communication in Developing Countries
Authors: Rashidpour Ebrahim 
Published: May 2005

This article is the result of serious speculation about the role of radio in solving some of the social and psychological problems of adolescents and young adults in developing countries. It can also be considered as a pilot study and the first part of a very extensive content analysis research that will be hopefully carried out in future. The findings show the necessity of further research in relation of mass media and interpersonal communication. It will also contribute to our understanding of the real place of radio in the lives of adolescents when faced by social and psychological problems which other social agencies cannot help them with.
Pretreatment Behavioral Profiles Associated with Subsequent Psychosocial Adjustment in Radiation Therapy Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Schmale Arthur H. , Morrow Gary R. , Davis Ardis , Illies Elizabeth , McNally Janet , Wright Gretchen , Craytor Josephine K. 
Published: May 2005

A clinically derived system of judging cancer patients' engagement, reality testing and degree of arousal during a pretreatment consultation was found predictive of psychosocial problems or no problems reported by sixty cancer patients one month after starting radiation therapy. Independent ratings of psychosocial problems by the treating oncologists, nurses and radiation therapists three months after starting treatment were also found significantly associated with the pretreatment composite. Disease, treatment and demographic factors were not predictive of psychosocial problems and were not associated with the pretreatment clinical composite. Follow-up observations at six months and eighteen to twenty-four months of forty-four and twenty-four of the original patients available for study revealed there was no continuing association between their pretreatment clinical composites and psychosocial problem ratings.
The Public Health and Social Change: Implications for Professional Education in Public Health in the United States
Authors: Susser M. 
Published: May 2005

In the coming decades, health needs are likely to be characterized by great and rapid changes in their nature, in their dimensions, and in their relative importance. The list of forces that will affect them includes: growth of population and changes in its composition, concentration in large urban centers, high levels of social mobility both national and international, increasing size and complexity of organization, new and unexpected technologic developments in every phase of life, greater potentiality for affecting health, and rising expectations of health and fulfilment. Traditional organizations and methods for dealing with health needs will not prove adequate. The rate of social change requires that health professionals learn quickly to recognize changes in old problems and the emergence of new ones. They will need also to devise sensitive means to evaluate and modify programs and methods. The skills and knowledge of many disciplines will have to be brought to bear in order to identify problems and to find the means to solve them. Disorders arising from technical developments, from new and old agents in the environment, and as byproducts of medical developments, will require an improved surveillance system, new research methods, and new methods of control, in order to produce a cadre of workers equal to the task of discovery, innovation, planning, and leadership. Public health teaching requires emphasis on concepts, on research training and advanced technical competence, and on the ethical and human consequences of professional activities.
Quetiapine in the Successful Treatment of Schizophrenia with Comorbid Alcohol and Drug Dependence: A Case Report
Authors: Weisman Robert L. 
Published: May 2005

Background: Excluding nicotine and caffeine dependence, almost 50% of individuals with schizophrenia also meet the criteria for substance abuse or dependence. Comorbid drug abuse presents complications to the effective treatment of these patients because they have increased psychotic symptoms and poorer treatment compliance. Case Report: This report describes the case of a young man with schizophrenia and comorbid alcohol and cocaine abuse who was successfully treated with quetiapine. The patient was previously treated with olanzapine and developed priapism, which required emergency medical treatment. Conclusions: The possible utility of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid substance abuse needs to be confirmed in clinical trials.
Fluoxetine in Depressed Patients on Dialysis
Authors: Blumenfield Michael , Levy Norman B. , Spinowitz Bruce , Charytan Chaim , Beasley Charles M. , Dubey Anjani K. , Solomon Richard J. , Todd Robert , Goodman Alvin , Bergstrom Richard F. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: To test the safety and efficacy of fluoxetine in patients with renal failure on dialysis. Method: Fourteen patients with major depression and end stage renal disease on hemodialysis were randomized into two groups for an eight-week study. Subjects as well as investigators were blinded as to which subject received fluoxetine and which placebo. Patients were carefully monitored concerning adverse events, serum fluoxetine and norfluoxetine levels, and psychological measurements of degree of depression. Results: No patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events, all of which were minor. All psychological tests showed improvement in depression at the four-week and eight-weeks point, although statistical significance could only be demonstrated at the fourth week of this study. All patients in the active group had serum plasma concentrations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine less than 250 ng/ml at eight weeks, similar to levels in patients with normal renal function in a previous open label study. Conclusions: This study confirms the relative safety of fluoxetine in depressed patients in renal failure on hemodialysis. It also suggests that fluoxetine may be efficacious in depressed patients on dialysis.
Mental Health and Health Care Utilization in Geriatric Primary Care Patients
Authors: Smith Stanley L. , Colenda Christopher C. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: This study examines the effect of mental health factors on health care utilization in a group of community dwelling elderly subjects followed in a primary care setting. Method: Data on utilization was obtained prospectively from computerized billing records for a one-year period following completion of a structured survey. Relationships between variables were characterized by Spearman's rank correlation. Multivariate linear regression modeling was employed to relate health care utilization, as measured by total cost, to the baseline variables. Results: No significant relationship was found between mental health measures and health care utilization as measured by total costs in this elderly population. However, total costs were found to be related to medical comorbidity and total daily medication use. Conclusion: The present study did not find the relationship of psychiatric distress and increased use of health care services to apply to a group of community dwelling elderly. Future research will need to focus on larger data sets and improvement of models that attempt to examine the relationships between mental health and health care utilization in the elderly.
An Analytical Approach to the Development of Technical Sales Literature
Authors: Smith Harry W. 
Published: May 2005

There are well established patterns for the development of technical society papers, editorial publicity material, business paper advertising, and displays at engineering expositions—as used to support and stimulate industrial selling. But there is precious little pattern—and certainly no industry-wide pattern—to the development of that most common and essential of all sales aids, the company's sales literature. This paper, therefore, will undertake to offer an analytical approach to the development of sales literature—for the technical firm selling technical products to technical buyers—which the uninitiated can follow and the veteran can compare with the approaches his company uses and considers to be “established practice.”
When a Production Worker is Technically a Writer: Using Craft and Rhetorical Knowledge in a Manufacturing Environment
Authors: Vélez Lili Fox , Hall Susan P. 
Published: May 2005

Although rhetoricians have studied the discourse practices of engineers, little is known about the production workers who must assemble engineering knowledge into functional products. This case study examines what happens when a production worker tried to improve manufacturing documentation, and how her success depended upon both her craft knowledge and the rhetorical skills she attributes to a Writing Across the Curriculum program she experienced in college. … although the goal of engineering may be to produce useful objects, engineers do not construct such objects themselves. Rather, they aim to generate knowledge that will allow such objects to be built [1, p. 5].
Interactive Video Computer Learning in Physics
Authors: Kadesch R. R. 
Published: May 2005

The University of Utah's Video Computer Learning Project's learning system consists of a Terak 8510a interfaced to a Discovision PR-7820 videodisc player. An essential part of the system is the Video Computer Authoring System which provides instructions written in ordinary English for implementing and editing course materials. Such materials contain computer-generated text and graphics and video segments. The computer and video screens provide a workspace in which the student performs a variety of operations. With the freeze-frame, slow motion forward and reverse, and random access frame addressing capabilities of the videodisc added to those of the microcomputer, the student has significant power over his learning environment. Course materials are self-paced and mastery oriented as well as highly interactive.
Coping Mechanisms in Patients Presenting for in-Vitro-Fertilization
Authors: Sonawalla Shamsah , Parikh Rajesh , Parikh Firuza 
Published: May 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the coping mechanisms in patients presenting for in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: We evaluated thirty consecutive couples presenting for in-vitro-fertilization. All couples were interviewed individually at first, and then together, using a semi- structured interview technique. Psychiatric diagnoses were made using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) criteria. Coping mechanisms used by the individuals were assessed using the Mechanisms of Coping Scale (MOCS). Other instruments used were Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Self-Rating Symptom Scale (SRSS), and Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). Results: The mean age of the sixty patients was 32.3 ± 5.2 years. Fatalism was the commonest factor on the mechanisms of coping scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) across all factors of the MOCS for demographic factors showed that men used problem-solving mechanisms significantly more often than women ( F = 3.0, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05). ANOVA across coping factors on stressors with post-hoc tests of significance revealed that individuals facing social stress used fatalism significantly more often than other coping mechanisms, while those facing career stress used problem-solving significantly more often than other coping mechanisms ( F = 5.6, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05 and F = 3.04, df = 1,58, p < 0.01 respectively). ANOVA across coping factors on HAM-D-17 scores revealed that individuals who used fatalism had significantly higher HAM-D-17 scores compared to those who did not ( F = 4.4, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05). ANOVA across coping factors on HAM-A scores revealed that individuals who used escape-avoidance had significantly lower HAM-A scores than those who did not ( F = 4.3, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05). ANOVA across coping factors on SRSS scores revealed that individuals who used passivity or fatalistic coping mechanisms had significantly higher scores on SRSS than who did not ( F = 4.6, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05 and F = 3.5, df = 1, 58, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Differential patterns of coping were found among the sixty individuals presenting for IVF and were associated with a variety of factors including gender, education, stressors, and levels of depression, anxiety, and overall psychopathology. Efforts to recognize and recruit the coping mechanisms of infertile individuals are likely to enhance their ability to participate effectively in treatment.
Population Growth—A Menace to What?
Authors: Hofsten Erland 
Published: May 2005

Originally, many of the initiators of the World Population Conference, which took place in Bucharest in 1974, had hoped that the Conference would imply a final breakthrough for the view that family planning measures should be given top priority in all less-developed countries. In fact, however, the Plan of Action passed by the Conference contains very little relating to population and family planning. Instead, the document is dominated by wordy phrases about the necessity of attaining social and economic development in those countries. Will the insight that family planning programs work efficiently only if they are an integral part of programs for the social and economic development of a country lead to such programs being realized? There is every reason to doubt that the Plan of Action will have any such effect. The reasons for the underdevelopment of Third World countries cannot be removed through such United Nations resolutions. In the People's Republic of China, family planning is widely accepted, especially in the towns, and now also among the rural population. Limiting the number of children is considered part of China's development effort. China is a less-developed country that is in the process of rapid social and economic development. The issue at stake in other Third World countries is how to achieve a similar development. As soon as this goal is achieved, family planning efforts are meaningful and have a chance of success. The experience of China demonstrates that even there it took time before the efforts succeeded. There are many Third World countries that could, without much difficulty, support a population considerably larger than the present one. But there are no doubt also a number of countries where the population is already so large that a continued population increase would be harmful. The need to achieve rapid development becomes increasingly urgent, not in the least to make it possible to attain a reduced population growth. The sad truth is that so little development takes place in those countries. Without social and economic development, the present rapid population increase will continue in those countries where there is already an overly dense population.
Using the Computer to Improve Unit Teaching
Authors: Stewart William J. 
Published: May 2005

Dr. Robert S. Harnack and associates have developed a revolutionary method designed to eliminate the disadvantages, but to retain and improve the advantages of unit teaching. The electronic computer is applied to provide teachers with pre-planning suggestions from a large Computer-Based Resource Unit coded to the students' individual characteristics and objectives. The program employs electronic processing equipment to help teachers design large group, small group, and individual teaching-learning situations. First, the teacher makes decisions about each student's individual characteristics and objectives. Next, these choices are fed into the computer which, in turn, retrieves, from the Computer-Based Resource Unit, specific suggestions of instructional objectives, subject matter items, activities, materials, and evaluation devices. Finally, the machine, in connection with these components, generates and prints a resource guide. In this way, the Computer-Based Resource Unit facilitates teacher decision-making within the context of unit teaching.
Indicators of Sustainable Production: A New Tool for Promoting Business Sustainability
Authors: Veleva Vesela , Ellenbecker Michael 
Published: May 2005

This paper proposes a new tool for promoting business sustainability—indicators of sustainable production. It discusses the business case for sustainable development and introduces the concept of sustainable production as a way to equally address different aspects of production (environmental and occupational, social and economic). Indicators are suggested as a tool for operationalizing this concept and their objectives, scope, and desirable qualities are outlined. The paper concludes with some recommendations for developing indicators of sustainable production. In the not too distant future, a new global framework will govern the measurement and reporting of corporate social, environmental and economic performance—the three dimensions of business sustainability. Companies will routinely report on key aspects of their social and environmental performance, just as they currently report their financial performance. Standardized metrics will emerge and be adopted by both business and others outside firms [1, p. 1].
Anxiety Disorders and Disability Secondary to Urinary Incontinence among Adults over Age 50
Authors: Bogner Hillary R. , Gallo Joseph J. , Swartz Karen L. , Ford Daniel E. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: No previous research has investigated whether there is an association between anxiety disorders and urinary incontinence. We hypothesized that anxiety disorders would be associated with increased urinary incontinence related disability. Method: Continuing participants who were aged 50 years and older in a longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults who were initially living in East Baltimore in 1981 ( n = 787). Participants were classified as incontinent if any uncontrolled urine loss within the 12 months prior to the interview was reported. Urinary incontinence related functional loss was further assessed based on a series of questions relating directly to participants' inability to engage in certain activities due to their urinary incontinence. Anxiety disorders were assessed with standardized interviews. Results: Persons meeting criteria for an anxiety disorder were no more likely to have urinary incontinence than were persons without anxiety disorders (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) [0.96, 1.93]). Among people with urinary incontinence ( n = 159), persons meeting criteria for anxiety disorders in 1981 and in 1994 were much more likely to report urinary incontinence related functional impairment in 1994 (adjusted OR = 6.51, 95 percent CI [1.42, 29.86]). Conclusions: Individuals with changes in day-to-day routines or activities secondary to urinary incontinence were more likely to meet criteria for an anxiety disorder than were other older adults. Further studies must tease out the temporal relationship and whether early detection of urinary incontinence and associated anxiety improves quality of life and functioning.