bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of soy flour supplementation on mineral and phytate contents of unleavened flat bread (chapatis)
Authors: Issa khan Muhammad , Muhammad Anjum Faqir , Hussain Shahzad , Tayyab Tariq Muhammad 
Published: May 2005

PurposeUnleavened flat bread (chapatis and rotis) is staple food of the Pakistani population. Almost 90 per cent of wheat produced in the country is used for chapatis and roti preparation. Present study was carried out to prepare composite flour, assess suitable level of composition. The main aim was to increase the mineral content of the diet, as they are deficient in the diet of the Pakistani people as for other developing countries.Design/methodology/approachComposite flours were prepared by replacing wheat flour with 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 per cent soy flour. Composite flour and chapatis were analysed for mineral and phytate contents. Sensory evaluation (color, flavor, taste, texture, folding ability and chewing ability) of chapatis was also carried out to assess acceptance of suitable level by the consumers.FindingsThe statistical analysis of data obtained showed significant increase in minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca and Mg) and phytic acid content of flour. Significant decrease in phytate was found during the baking of chapatis. Chapatis were found acceptable by the panel of judges up to 24 per cent supplementation of soy flour. To combat mineral deficiency in developing countries composite flour technology can use as replacement of mineral salts fortification. As in case of composite flour natural source of nutrient are used.Practical implicationsSoy supplementation of wheat flour can be successfully done through flourmills and small‐scale grinders as it causes no problem in milling operations.Originality/valueThe research carried out is one of outstanding type as no such research was done earlier. Phytate besides minerals was also given due consideration in same study which is one of chelating agent found in plant source of minerals.
The effects of bearing distortion on the performance of hydrodynamic thrust bearings
Authors: Güllü Emin 
Published: May 2005

PurposeIn this work, the performance characteristics of thrust bearings are studied by taking into account bearing distortions.Design/methodology/approachThe pressure distribution in the bearing is found using Reynolds' equation. Reynolds' equation is solved under isothermal conditions by assuming oil viscosity constant. The amount of deformation in the bearing is determined using constitute equations applied to linear elastic materials. It is preferred to work with dimensionless equations for the result to be meaningful. The results of the finite differences method gives superior performance for analyzing the behavior of a bearing undergoing on elastic deformation. The amount of deformation which corresponds to a certain pressure and load carrying capability of the bearing after and before deformation are found and compared.FindingsThe comparison is carried out for steel‐steel and steel‐bronze material pairs. It is found that there is a decrease of 2.13 percent in the load carrying capacity of the bearing for the material pair of steel‐bronze. This decrease may be important for some applications.Originality/valueThe present investigation includes distortion of pads only. Distortion of runner is ignored since it is assumed to be rigid. This assumption may cause serious deviations in computing performance characteristics.
Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part II
Authors: Henry Colette , Hill Frances , Leitch Claire 
Published: May 2005

PurposeDespite a growing body of literature in the field, there is still considerable uncertainty as to whether entrepreneurs are born are made, which has led to an ongoing debate in the entrepreneurship academy about whether we can actually teach individuals to be entrepreneurs. With this in mind, this two‐part paper aims to address the question of whether or not entrepreneurship can be taught.Design/methodology/approachPart I of the paper dealt with the importance of entrepreneurship in a modern and constantly changing environment; the various ways in which entrepreneurship programmes and courses can be categorised, and the objectives, content and delivery of programmes. The second part of the paper, which is presented in this issue, deals with the topic of determining and measuring programme effectiveness.FindingsDespite the growth in entrepreneurship education and training programmes, the paper reports that little uniformity can be found. Attention is drawn to the art and the science of entrepreneurship, with the consensus that at least some aspects of entrepreneurship can successfully be taught.Originality/valueThe authors highlight the need for evaluating programmes, and for educators and trainers to have a fuller understanding of what they wish to achieve from their programme from the outset, in order to ensure a more accurate assessment of the outcomes.
Examining the impact of ethics training on business student values
Authors: Allen William R. , Bacdayan Paul , Berube Kowalski Kellyann , Roy Mathew H. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeRecent misconduct and highly questionable behavior has fostered considerable distrust, cynicism, and antagonism among the populace toward the leadership of virtually all social institutions. This paper aims to examine the impact of ethics training on business students values.Design/methodology/approachFocuses on the central question whether exposure to ethical dilemmas and discussions in the classroom setting will lead to new paradigms of leadership incorporating instrumental values.FindingsThe results support the contention that senior level students were influenced in their perceptions of the importance of instrumental values in comparison to freshmen. As hypothesized no difference was found between men and women in both the importance and reinforcement of the instrumental values examined. The results do not support the contention that increased emphasis on ethics in textbooks and courses has had a significant impact.Practical implicationsDirections for future training are considered in light of the findings.Originality/valuePoints to the conclusion that current models of business education are not helping to reinforce instrumental values.
Education, training and rural living: young people in Ryedale
Authors: Henderson Roger 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo evaluate the impact of rural renaissance projects aimed at overcoming issues of accessibility and out‐migration of the younger, more economically active population and to consider what young people feel about education, training and rural living in Ryedale, North Yorkshire.Design/methodology/approachTwenty Single Regeneration Budget (SRB) 5 projects focus on the 10‐29 age group to improve their confidence, employability and opportunities to encourage them to remain in, or return to, Ryedale. Research includes interviews with project managers and a survey of Year 11 students in four secondary schools to reveal views on education, jobs and rural living. The 320 replies are compared with 378 from a 2001 survey.FindingsEducational attainment is rising. Young people expect to remain in education post‐16, but leave Ryedale for educational and employment opportunities. Job aspirations suggest mismatches between requirements and availability, especially in skilled professional, associate professional and technical fields. Ryedale is increasingly perceived as a pleasant, secure environment; many wish to stay or return eventually.Research limitations/implicationsThe surveys feature Year 11 pupils. Further work might examine different age groups, areas and factors encouraging young people to stay in rural areas.Practical implicationsThe SRB 5 projects produced positive impacts, however, scope remains for greater representation of young peoples' needs and inputs into local services and decision‐making.Originality/valueThe paper offers a temporal comparison of surveys and projects related to young people in a rural area. It is of value to policy‐makers and educationalists examining young peoples' perceptions and out‐migration influences.
Towards personalization in digital libraries through ontologies
Authors: Ferran Núria , Mor Enric , Minguillón Julià 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo describe a browsing and searching personalization system for digital libraries based on the use of ontologies for describing the relationships between all the elements which take part in a digital library scenario of use.Design/methodology/approachIdentification of all the desired functionalities and requirements that are necessary to fully integrate the use of a digital library in an e‐learning environment, and the basic elements that are used to build the ontology that describes such scenario.FindingsThe elements that determine the functionalities of the desired personalization system: first, the user's profile, including navigational history and user preferences; and second, the information collected from the navigational behavior of the digital library users.Research limitations/implicationsThe ontology is not complete. In fact, the ontology in itself will evolve with the new apparition of desired functionalities and requirements of the personalization system.Practical implicationsSuch a personalization system will be very helpful to the users of a digital library to improve their experience of use.Originality/valueThe use of ontologies promotes the integration of new services into existing ones, and the interoperability with other systems through the appropriate semantic web services. New system functionalities and requirements can be added by including the appropriate description into the ontology framework that defines the digital library scenario of use.
On the conceptualisation of the query refinement task
Authors: Stojanovic Nenad 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo resolve the drawback in the existing methods for query refinement by using semantic technologies. Design/methodology/approach – The article introduces a conceptual space (ontology) in which a query refinement problem will be treated. In that space a query is modeled as a set of logic formulas, query refinement process is modeled as an inferencing process. The approach is focused on the positive conjunctive queries.FindingsThis (re)opens a question about a need for a more semantic‐based indexing of documents in the traditional information retrieval in order to improve the overall retrieval performances. This experimental study has shown that the semantics arisen (emerged) from row documents has enough quality to enable building query refinement methods that outperform the most advanced syntactic‐driven methods. Consequently, one can imagine a more emergent‐semantic based indexing process that will retain the autonomy of web data, but will significantly increase the precision of the retrieval process performed by a traditional search engine.Originality/valueA novel approach for the query refinement is presented. It deals with the conceptual level of a user's query. Another benefits is that this conceptual structure emerges from the textual data automatically. The case study shows how a traditional full‐text search engine can benefit from applying this approach.
Publicly financed education in an endogenous growth model
Authors: Creedy John , Gemmell Norman 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the growth effects of human capital investment achieved through publicly‐provided, compulsory education, financed from income and consumption taxes.Design/methodology/approachConstructs an endogenous growth model for developing countries, based on human capital accumulation in which education is publicly provided and financed, and schooling is compulsory.FindingsPublic investment in human and physical capital are financed from taxes on wage and capital income, and consumption. Semi‐reduced forms are obtained to examine the equilibrium growth properties of the model, allowing the steady‐state effects of fiscal policy to be derived. The specification of the human capital production function and the strength of labour supply effects are shown to be important for the magnitude of steady‐state outcomes. Simulations illustrate the model's steady‐state and transitional dynamic properties.Originality/valueProvides an analysis of the growth impact of state‐provided education.
Testing export‐led growth in South Asia
Authors: Love Jim , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the export‐led growth hypothesis for South Asia, a diverse region consisting of one large country, India, surrounded by a number of medium and small countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives.Design/methodology/approachTo test this, the study employs cointegration and error‐correction modelling, using data from the International Financial Statistics of the IMF.FindingsThe study produces fairly mixed results, and does not find any conclusive evidence in favour of export‐led growth. While India, Maldives and Nepal exhibit export‐led growth, Bangladesh and Bhutan show the opposite result of growth‐led exports. In Pakistan and Sri Lanka no causality in either direction was found. The mixed nature of the results is further confirmed by taking a common time period since 1980.Practical implicationsSouth Asia is one of the poorest regions of the world; so success or otherwise of export‐led growth is of great interest for policy purposes. For example, the finding of export‐led growth for the largest economy of the region, India, is particularly heartening as, by opening up its markets further to the other countries of the region, it can fuel growth in the entire region.Originality/valueThis study tries to fill an important gap in the literature as it is the first comprehensive study of the region as a whole.
Towards a framework of the performance evaluation of SMEs' industry portals
Authors: Chou Tzu‐Chuan , Hsu Li‐Ling , Yeh Ying‐Jung , Ho Chin‐Tsang 
Published: May 2005

PurposeWith the fast growth of the internet, the development of industry portals for SMEs is becoming an increasingly important issue of economic growth. However, designing and developing efficient portals is not easy, and how to evaluate industry portals' performance has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. To address this gap, this paper aims to propose a framework.Design/methodology/approachThe framework uses the analytic hierarchical process and incorporates both experts' and users' judgments into the performance evaluation process. It also employs three different objectives for performance evaluation including data quality, technology acceptance, and knowledge distribution. An exemplary case is given to demonstrate the proposed framework by empirically assessing an industry portal project, developed by Small and Medium Enterprise Administration, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan.FindingsThe proposed framework can enable industry associations to become more familiar with the nature and scope of portal performance evaluation.Originality/valueDevelops a framework which addresses the practical aspect of portal evaluation in terms of multiple objectives and involvement.
A cross country analysis of outward foreign direct investment patterns
Authors: Pantelidis Pantelis , Kyrkilis Dimitrios 
Published: May 2005

PurposeTo evaluate the relevance of the source country idiosyncratic factors in determining the firm's foreign direct investment (FDI) propensity and consequently the country's outward FDI position.Design/methodology/approachA sample containing all countries with positive outward FDI flows for the whole period between 1976 and 1999 is selected. The sample consists of 25 countries and is divided in three groups, namely advanced countries, middle‐income countries and developing countries. An econometric model is estimated for each country group aiming to determine the variables affecting outward FDI position.FindingsMarket structure differentiation and openness are the only variables affecting outward FDI in all country groups. Marginal efficiency of capital is the significant variable in advanced and middle‐income countries. All other variables, namely technology, human capital and exchange rate affect outward FDI position of advanced countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe list of FDI explanatory variables is not an exhaustive one. Changes of country income indicating changes of economic development may be explicitly introduced among others as an explanatory variable in a model, with outward FDI changes as the dependent variable in order to identify any relation between the two.Practical implicationsA very useful source of information for policy makers.Originality/valueThe validity of the model is tested over each country income group aiming at capturing variations in the statistical significance of the FDI explanatory variables between countries that have passed certain economic development thresholds.
Prejudice against female children: economic and cultural explanations, and Indian evidence
Authors: Tisdell Clem , Regmi Gopal 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe purpose is to outline and illustrate the economic theory of parental self‐interest and its implications for the entitlements of children according to their gender, and using empirical data, to determine the extent to which the theory is reflected in discrimination of parents against female siblings in different communities in eastern India.Design/methodology/approachUsing economic analysis, this paper outlines and illustrates the basis of the economics of parental discrimination against female children and structured questionnaires are used to collect data from village rural wives in the Santal tribal belt of West Bengal and in Orissa in Kondh‐dominated village to determine the extent to which economics explains parental discrimination between daughters and sons. The selection of the areas has been done on the basis that their different cultural dimensions may affect parental attitudes to female children. The statistical significance of differences in responses between the West Bengal sample and that from Orissa is tested using the chi‐squared test. Implications of the results for theory of parental discrimination between siblings according to their gender are outlined.FindingsIt is found that parental discrimination in favour of boys and against girls is much more marked in the Santal‐dominated belt of West Bengal than in the Kondh‐dominated villages of Orissa, where it is absent or virtually so. This is the case despite similar economic conditions and the fact that all the sampled villagers are relatively poor. Differences in cultural values seem to explain the difference.Research limitations/implicationsResults could be strengthened by using a similar questionnaire to survey wives in additional villages in the Santal tribal‐belt of West Bengal and in more Kondh‐dominated villages in Orissa, as well as in other cultural contexts. Furthermore, families in these areas are patriarchal. It would be interesting to obtain results also from Indian communities that have matriarchal families as in parts of Meghalaya.Originality/valueThe findings support the view that the behaviour of parents towards children (according to their gender or otherwise) is a combined result of personal parental goals, social structures and cultural values. Economic theories of the family are likely to be too narrow and may be misleading in their predictions unless they take into account the institutional and cultural contexts in which families exist.
Economics, social justice and the common good: Roman‐Catholic perspectives
Authors: Nitsch Thomas O. 
Published: May 2005

PurposeAims to discuss whether Roman Catholicism can legitimately lay claim to a distinctive brand of Economics, as well as to concepts of Social Justice and the Common Good.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual approach is taken.FindingsTo what traditionally has been packaged under the rubric of “Social Catholicism” the author has assigned the alias “Roman‐Catholic Social Economy(ics)”. This has the effect of rechristening and casting in English dress what emerged unequivocally (and parochially) asÉconomie politique chrétiennein a realm of thought and language where the adjective “Christian” was virtually synonymous with Franco‐Roman‐Catholic, and the (ideological/praxeological) theses assailed lay across the channel in Smithian political economy and British industrial society. The formal, official definition of “Social Justice” is enunciated in nothing less than a papal Encyclical Letter. Forms and formulations of “Social Lutheranism” there are, but a tradition thereof remains to establish itself. The R‐C concept of social justice is defined in terms of the Common Good, which inextricable bond is well‐documented and elaborated.Originality/valueContributes to the literature on Roman‐Catholic perspectives on economics and social justice.
Library services for people with disabilities in Argentina
Authors: Julia Todaro Alicia 
Published: May 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to determine the current status of the library services for visually impaired and physically handicapped people in Argentina.Design/methodology/approachA survey was made of 20 different libraries throughout Argentina that provide services for visually impaired and physically handicapped people. A questionnaire composed of 114 questions based on American Library Association guidelines was developed and delivered by e‐mail and post to participating libraries. Additionally, visits were made to ten of these libraries with the objective of obtaining information by means of interviews with their respective directors as well as library personnel and users who were present at the time of the visit.FindingsIt was concluded that these libraries are not in a position to provide the best library services for visually impaired and physically handicapped individuals: it was seen that there are still many things to correct and improve.Originality/valueIt is considered that the present model of special libraries in Argentina is a possible contributor to the isolation and confinement of visually impaired and physically handicapped people. For this reason a new model of service should be considered. This should take into account an integrated library approach based on the Unesco manifesto 1994 for public libraries. It is suggested that the Unesco model of integrating universal library services will effectively ensure access to information for visually impaired and physically handicapped people, thus ensuring “a public library for everyone”.