bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP OF PUPIL SIZE WITH REFRACTIVE ERROR IN METABOLIC SYNDROME AND NON METABOLIC SYNDROME: AMONG RURAL POPULATION IN MALANG
Authors: AINI KURROTUL , Sulistyowati Anny , Vierlia Wino Vrieda , Holipah  
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesNearly one in four Indonesians has metabolic syndrome (MS). One of the microvascular side effectsin Metabolic Syndrome affects the eyes. The aim of this study to evaluate the relationship of pupilsize with refractive error in MS and non-MS groups among rural populations in Malang.
MethodsA descriptive study was carried out in 2019 in three villages in Malang districts. A detailed ocularexamination was conducted on all participants who attended a research facility. We definedpupillary abnormalities and clinically important refractive errors. Blood samples were obtained todetermine the parameter of the metabolic syndrome by IDF 2006 criteria. Subjects were classifiedinto 2 groups: Metabolic Syndrome status and non metabolic syndrome.
Results953 participants completed the examination which consists of 944 right eyes and 942 left eyes. Theresults of visual acuity on the right eye: emmetropia in 434 eyes, myopia with 252 eyes, hyperopiawith 141 eyes, and astigmatism with 17 eyes where if it is not significant if associated with pupillaryabnormalities (P-value 0.893). On the left eye, the emmetropia results were 444 eyes, while formyopia were 244 eyes, hyperopia as many as 138, and astigmatism in 116 eyes and if associatedwith pupillary abnormalities, the result also not significant (P-value 0.864). The result of pupil sizewith metabolic syndrome 499 eye and non syndrome metabolic 454 eye are not significant (p-value0.649).
ConclusionRefractive error didn’t relate pupil size in metabolic syndrome and non metabolic syndrome.
FOSTER-KENNEDY SYNDROME: WHAT FUNDUSCOPY WON'T MISS
Authors: Putri Nabillah Mulya  , Cut Putri Samira  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction : Optic nerve is the only visible extension of central nervous system and often represents several intracranial diseases. This case demonstrates the importance of funduscopy in detecting intracranial mass.
Case Illustration : A 45-year-old woman suffered progressive blurry vision in both eyes for a year and severe headaches and seizures. The right eye (RE) had no light perception, and the left eye (LE) had 6/60 visual acuity. The relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) was positive on the RE. A funduscopic examination revealed a pallor optic disc on the RE and papilledema on the LE, consistent with type 1 Foster- Kennedy Syndrome (FKS). A Head CT scan showed a 5.3x6x5 cm mass in the right frontotemporal lobe. We referred the patient to the neurology and neurosurgery department for further management and surgical intervention.
Discussion : FKS is a condition associated with tumors in the frontal lobe, characterized by ipsilateral optic disc atrophy due to direct compression, contralateral papilledema due to increased intracranial pressure, and ipsilateral anosmia in advanced stages. RAPD is a sluggish pupillary response to light stimuli due to unilateral retinal or optic nerve disease that occurs anterior to the lateral geniculate body. True FKS is extremely rare nowadays because of advances in neuroimaging to detect intracranial masses earlier.
Conclusion : As a primary care physician, performing a direct funduscopy on patients complaining of decreased vision, headaches, and impaired mental status is essential. Although rare, FKS should be kept in mind while finding a patient with optic disc atrophy and papilledema.
Strabismus Surgery for Traumatic Ocular Misalignment: Twelve Cases in Five Years
Authors: SURASMIATI NI MADE AYU , RATNASARI NI LUH MADE NOVI , HENDRAWAN KEVIN ANGGAKUSUMA , SUTYAWAN I WAYAN EKA 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Trauma can cause an ocular misalignment due to damage of extraocular muscles, nerves and orbital tissue around the eye. Direct trauma causing extraocular muscle rupture needs immediate surgery, meanwhile indirect trauma resulting in traumatic sixth nerve palsy or other reversible ocular misalignment without orbital floor fracture can be observed for six months. This study describe the characteristic of patients undergo single-step strabismus surgery for traumatic ocular misalignment, mechanism of injury, eye alignment, amount of ocular deviation before and after strabismus surgery.
Case Illustration : This was a case series based on medical record of patients underwent strabismus surgery secondary to head or eye injury from 2017 until 2022.
Discussion : Twelve individuals with post-traumatic strabismus correction participated in this study. All subjects were male age ranging from 18-51 years. Direct trauma was observed in 6 (50%) patients causing medial rectus muscle rupture in 4 patients and inferior rectus muscle rupture in 2 patients. Indirect trauma was observed in 6 (50%) patients caused by sixth nerve palsy on 4 patients The misalignment was exotropia, esotropia, and hypertropia with amount of 5, 4, and 3 respectively. The deviation was between 30-90 prism dioptre (PD) and 7 (58%) patients had deviation less than 65 PD. Strabismus surgery performed was muscle transposition with or without recession of the antagonist muscle.
Conclusion : Single step surgery for traumatic ocular misalignment can provide good result in cases of deviation less than 65 PD
Ocular Penetration Trauma due to Bamboo Resulting in Evisceration: A Case Report
Authors: Indah Latifah  , Dr. Lailus Sofatul Layyin, Sp. M  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Penetrating ocular trauma includes open-eye trauma, which leads to the time and a precision of eye- penetrating trauma’s management determine the advanced vision prognosis. In this case a male experience penetration trauma of the right eye due to exposure to the bamboo, delaying and inadequate management resulted in evisceration of the right eye. A 42-year-old male came to ER RSUD Prof. Soekandar mojokerto with bloody right eye and pain from getting a piece of bamboo from two days before entering the hospital. The patient also complained that the right eye is swollen so that it is unable to open the eyes. vision examination revealed LP (-) in the right eye, visual acuity in the left eye was 6/6, soft palpation in the right eye, normal palpation in the left eye, examination of the right anterior segment of the eye revealed that part of the eyeball content had prolapsed and for the left eye within the normal range. During laboratory tests, 15.280 white blood cells were found, which confirmed the infection of the right eye.
Case Illustration : Descriptive Study
Discussion : The observations on these patients include covered the right eye, antibiotic, steroids, and analgesic by intravenous injection. Based on the condition of the patient's right eye, it is advisable to do evisceration of the right eyeball under general anesthesia.
Conclusion : Penetrating ocular trauma resulting in extensive intra ocular tissue damage and poor vision prognosis, considered for evisceration, in order to prevent the development of the sympatetic ophthalmia.
Phacodonesis in Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Phacomorphic or Other Lens- Induced?
Authors: Claudia Alyssa , Caesaria Aquirina , Noerdiyani Niken Indah , Koesoemowardani Dianawati 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Glaucoma is defined as progressive optic neuropathies characterized by optic disk cupping, reduced visual field, and visual loss. As a “silent thief of sight”, glaucoma ranked second worldwide and third in Indonesia as the cause of blindness. The cause of glaucoma varies, one of which is lens-induced which presents as loss of vision and red eye.
Case Illustration : A 53-year-old female complained about blurred and pained red eyes. Examination of the right eye revealed VOD 1/300, cloudy-milky lens, phacodonesis, and IOP 26.3 mmHg. She was diagnosed with angle-closure glaucoma suspected as phacomorphic or other lens-induced and was treated by topical hypotensive agents and phacoemulsification with IOL implantation procedure. Right eye examination on day one post operation showed VA 2/60 and IOP 13.6 mmHg. Improvement on two weeks follow- up revealed VA 6/15 with best VA of 6/6, IOP 15.7 mmHg, CD ratio 0.5, and negative glaucoma optic neuropathy (GON) finding.
Discussion : When accompanied by phacodonesis, angle-closure glaucoma is mainly caused by a secondary process. It involves zonule of Zinn fragility, which usually occurs in subluxation but also appear in hypermature cataract. Dilated eye examination showed no sign of subluxation, therefore the final diagnosis was phacomorphic glaucoma and hypermature cataract. Cataract surgery as the definitive treatment must be done at an appropriate time as was done for this patient with a favorable outcome.
Conclusion : The presence of phacodonesis in angle-closure glaucoma should be thoroughly evaluated. Meticulous decisions on definitive treatment can be planned afterward.
ANALYSING THE SIDE EFFECT OF AMIODARONE N CONSUMPTION ON OPTIC NERVE HEAD, CONTRAST SENSITIVITY AND COLOR VISION IN ARRYTHMIA PATIENT
Authors: Callina Floriana Y. Br. Bangun  , Bobby Ramses Erguna Sitepu  , Delfi  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : To analyze the side effect of duration consumption of amiodarone on ONH, contrast sensitivity and color vision in arrythmia patient
Methods : This study was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design. A total of 23 subjects with arrhythmias taking amiodarone were included in the study. Sampling was carried out from April 2022-August 2022 at the Eye Polyclinic and Cardiology Polyclinic.
Results : Most of the subjects were female, 12 people (52.2%) with a mean age of 59 years. The results of the examination showed that two subjects had decreased vision, ONH edema and decreased contrast sensitivity in the right eye where the mean duration of amiodarone consumption was 4.5 months. The results of binocular color vision examination were normal in all study subjects. There was a significant effect of the consumption duration of amiodarone on ONH (p=0.024) and on contrast sensitivity (p=0.022)
Conclusion : There was a significant effect of the duration consumption of amiodarone on ONH and contrast sensitivity in arrythmia patient
Ocular Penetration Trauma due to Bamboo Resulting in Evisceration: A Case Report
Authors: Indah Latifah  , Dr. Lailus Sofatul Layyin, Sp.M  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Penetrating ocular trauma includes open-eye trauma, which leads to the time and a precision of eye- penetrating trauma’s management determine the advanced vision prognosis. In this case a male experience penetration trauma of the right eye due to exposure to the bamboo, delaying and inadequate management resulted in evisceration of the right eye. A 42-year-old male came to ER RSUD Prof. Soekandar mojokerto with bloody right eye and pain from getting a piece of bamboo from two days before entering the hospital. The patient also complained that the right eye is swollen so that it is unable to open the eyes. vision examination revealed LP (-) in the right eye, visual acuity in the left eye was 6/6, soft palpation in the right eye, normal palpation in the left eye, examination of the right anterior segment of the eye revealed that part of the eyeball content had prolapsed and for the left eye within the normal range. During laboratory tests, 15.280 white blood cells were found, which confirmed the infection of the right eye.
Case Illustration : Descriptive Study
Discussion : The observations on these patients include covered the right eye, antibiotic, steroids, and analgesic by intravenous injection. Based on the condition of the patient's right eye, it is advisable to do evisceration of the right eyeball under general anesthesia.
Conclusion : Penetrating ocular trauma resulting in extensive intra ocular tissue damage and poor vision prognosis, considered for evisceration, in order to prevent the development of the sympatetic ophthalmia.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEVOFLOXACIN 0.5% WITH POVIDONE IODINE 2.5% IN REDUCING CONJUNCTIVA BACTERIAL FLORA IN PRE INTRA OCULAR OPERATIVE
Authors: OKTA KURNIAWAN SAPUTRA  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Levofloxacin ED 0.5% with Povidone iodine 2.5% in reducing normal bacterial flora of the conjunctiva in preoperative procedures.
Methods : Clinical trials will be conducted in the inpatient ward on patients who will undergo intravitreal surgery at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang from May 2022-July 2022. Subjects were divided into two groups, which is Levofloxacin ED 0.5% and Povidone iodine 2.5% group. Before and after the fornices preparation, the number of bacterial colonies that grow will be counted and evaluated using bivariate analysis.
Results : There were 32 samples that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A significant decrease of conjunctival flora was observed in both groups (p value = 0.000). Comparison of the two groups’ decrease in conjunctival flora was not significant. There was a reduction of up to 100% in 11 samples (68.75%) of both intervention groups.
Conclusion : The use of Levofloxacin 0.5% and Povidone iodine 2.5% was equally good in reducing the number of bacterial colonies in the conjunctiva.
Quality of Life Comparisons in Strabismic Children Managed Surgically or Conservatively
Authors: ESTER GRACESILLYA APRINONA G  , Maya Sari Wahyu Kuntorini, MD  , Elsa Gustianty, MD  , Feti Karfiati Memed, MD  , Irawati Irfani, MD  , Primawati Oktarima Amiruddin, MD  , Sesy Caesarya, MD  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Strabismus causes visual impairment due to ocular misalignment, interferes cosmetic appearance, results in negative self-image and impacts quality of life. Studies in adults have shown that successful strabismus surgery improves quality of life, but awareness of strabismus surgery and its benefits are still lacking. Studies regarding the impact of conservative treatment on quality of life are limited, so further study is required.
Methods : This was an observational study comparing 2 unpaired groups. The method used in this study was cross-sectional and samples were obtained purposefully according to medical records and consecutively based on outpatient visits.
Results : Thirty-six subjects in group A, who had undergone strabismus surgery and 33 subjects in group B who were still managed conservatively were included in this study. Both groups had similar demographic characteristics, except parental education background (p=0.048). Comparative test of2 unpaired groups in this study showed higher quality of life scores in group A (p=0.0001).
Conclusion : The quality of life in subjects who had undergone strabismus surgery was better than that in those who were still managed conservatively.
Complete Resolution of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Cases Treated with Low Power Mode Laser Technology : A Novel Approach
Authors: Setiawan Grace , Virgana Rova , Widyanatha Made Indra , Ihsan Grimaldi , Kartasasmita Arief Sjamsulaksan , Iskandar Erwin 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is an idiopathic condition mostly affecting men in their 20s to 50s. It is characterized by serous fluid accumulation behind the neurosensory retina resulting in a localized macular detachment. Aldosterone-receptor antagonist and photodynamic laser therapy are the current mainstay of treatments, although most CSC cases can resolves spontaneously within 2 to 3 months. Low power mode (LPM) laser has emerged as a new effective technology to treat CSC.
Case Illustration : Case 1: A 50-year-old male was diagnosed with recurrent chronic CSC since 2 months ago. His visual acuity declined even after given oral aldosterone receptor antagonist for two weeks, so he was scheduled to undergo LPM. After three weeks of laser treatment, CSC resolved and the visual acuity improved (Figure1). Case 2 : A 47-year-old male complained of decreased vision and metamorphopsia on his right eye since two weeks ago. He was diagnosed with CSC and underwent LPM. Three weeks after LPM, his vision improved and the metamorphopsia resolved (Figure2). LPM helps the migration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to restore the outer blood-retinal barrier through expression of heat shock proteins. We used MC-500ViXi laser system (Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan) and the laser parameters used in this study were 100?m spot size, 0.01s exposure time, 0.25-0.5 spacing, and 30% LPM ratio.
Discussion :
Conclusion : LPM is a new yet promising treatment modalities to treat acute and chronic CSC. Its low power nature makes LPM a safe choice of treatment with less damage to the surrounding retina.
Comparison of Changes in Quality of Life Based on Changes in Disease Severity in Graves Ophthalmopathy Patients Following Intraorbital Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection
Authors: LADY PRANODIA SUKMAWIDOWATI  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) is associated with visual impairment and appearance changes, affecting the quality of life. Intraorbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) in GO resulted in clinical improvement, but its effect on the quality of life is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the changes in quality of life after intraorbital injection of TCA between different groups based on changes in disease severity.
Methods : Intraorbital injection of TCA was performed on 30 subjects with GO. Disease severity was assessed according to the European Group of Graves Ophthalmopathy (EUGOGO) criteria. Quality of life was measured using the Indonesian version of Graves Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life (GO-QOL) questionnaire. Changes in disease severity and GO-QOL scores were recorded before intraorbital injection of TCA and 1 month after. Subjects were divided into groups based on changes in disease severity: decreased, remained constant, and increased. Changes in quality of life between the groups were compared statistically.
Results : Changes in GO-QOL appearance scores in patients with decreased disease severity were significantly higher (p= 0.016) than those in patients whose disease severity remained constant. Changes in GO-QOL visual function scores in patients with decreased disease severity were higher but not statistically significant (p> 0.05) compared to those in patients whose disease severity remained constant.
Conclusion : Changes in the appearance aspect of quality of life after intraorbital injection of TCA in patients with decreased disease severity are better than that in patients whose disease severity remained constant, whereas changes in the visual function aspect are not significantly different.
ORBITAL TRAUMA IN A CHILD WITH RETROBULBAR HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Rachmawati Dr. Anita Dwi 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Retrobulbar hemorrhage vision threatening condition associated with cranio- facial trauma. Rapidly fill the orbit and cause an “orbital compartment syndrome” that subsequently cuts off perfusion to vital ocular structures. Treatment must be initiated immidietly to prevent permanent visual loss.
Case Illustration : 10-year-old boy, with left eye blurring of vision, swelling and multiple facial injury post motor accident. Visual acuity was perception of light on left eye, 6/5 and right eye with upper and lower lid laceration wounds. He had a dense afferent pupillary defect and the ocular movements of the left eye were limited in all directions of gaze. The orbit was tense with significant resistance to retropulsion. Diagnosed with acute retrobulbar haemorrhage following blunt trauma with medial wall fracture. Intravenous acetazolamide and timolol was commenced continued with emergency lateral canthotomy. His vision immediately improved to 6/60 and 3 hours later was 6/18. He was treated for left traumatic optic neuropathy with IV Mehtylprednisolone for 3 days followed two weeks oral prednisolone
Discussion :
Conclusion : Retrobulbar haemorrhage is a vision-threatening emergency often necessitating immediate lateral canthotomy for preservation of vision. In children, as the optic nerve canal is smaller, a lesser volume is available for the nerve to expand, thus early visual impairment could occur following trauma. Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of this ocular emergency is imperative, for timely management determines the ultimate outcome.
Outcomes of Treating a late case of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus masquerading as Orbital Cellulitis: A Case Report
Authors: JOSIAH IRMA  , Saraswati Anindita Rizki  , Jennifer Angelina  , Jovita  , Jennifer Handiokho  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction : Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) refers to a reactivated varicella-zoster virus involving the V1 nerve division. Although rare, previous reports have mentioned HZO cases masquerading as orbital cellulitis (HZO-OC). This report depicts the use of acyclovir, corticosteroids and citicoline in our HZO-OC patient with treatment delay.
Case Illustration : A healthy 66 year old man presented to our clinic 4 weeks after signs of orbital cellulitis followed by vesicular rash following the CN V(1) dermatome were felt which was untreated. The right palpebra was edematous and erythematous. Hazy cornea, mixed injection, grade IV reverse RAPD, diminished direct and consensual reflex and external ophthalmoplegia of the right eye were noted. The diagnosis of HZO-OC with multiple cranial neuropathies OD was established. Topical and symptomatic treatment were given resulting no improvement. Ptosis of the right palpebra became present. The patient was then given systemic acyclovir, methylprednisolone and citicoline. Ophthalmoplegia improved after 2 months and ptosis improved after 4 months.
Discussion : The use of systemic acyclovir and corticosteroids in HZO-OC patients were given promptly in previous literature. Multiple cranial nerve in our patient was thought to occur due to treatment delay. As improvement was not noted after topical treatment, these systemic treatments along with citicoline were added. Citicoline was added due to its ability to promote neural regeneration.
Conclusion : Systemic acyclovir, corticosteroids and citicoline may still be beneficial for HZO-OC patients with delayed treatment.
THE COMPARISON BEST CORRECTION VISUAL ACQUITY (BCVA) BETWEEN SPECTACLES AND SPHERICAL RIGID GAS PERMEABLE (RGP) IN HIGH ASTIGMATISM PATIENTS
Authors: Rino Agustian Praja  , Rinda Wati  
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objective : Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) toric contact lenses are generally considered in patients with high astigmatism, while spherical RGP contact lenses are present as an alternative option that can be used and still provide optimal results in patients with high astigmatism.
Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted at DR M Djamil Hospital Padang in January 2021 to December 2022 period. Inclusion criteria were patients who went to the eye clinic at DR M. Djamil Hospital in January 2021 to December 2022 period, patients with high astigmatism ? -2.00 D underwent correction vision with spectacles and RGP spherical contact lenses. Results best correction visual acquity (BCVA) compared between spectacles and spherical RGP contact lenses. Samples must meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data is collected and analyzed using statistical applications.
Results : 49 patients with high astigmatism corrected with spectacles and contact lenses showed data distribution was 15 men (30.6%) and 34 women (69.4%). Most age in the age group 20-29 years 24 people (49%). BCVA with spectacles obtained a median of 0.18 and an RGP of 0.00 based on LogMar. Mann whitney test showed significant difference between BCVA wearing glasses and RGP spherical contact lenses with a value of p = 0.006 right eye p = 0.009 left eye (p <0.005)
Conclusion : Spherical RGP contact lenses can still be used in patients with high astigmatism if we don’t have toric RGP trial. Spherical RGP contact lenses show better BCVA results than spectacles in high astigmatism patients.