bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hodge duality transformations in tensor-hierarchy formulations
Authors: Nishino Hitoshi , Rajpoot Subhash 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We show in arbitrary

(
D
−
1
)
+
1

space-time dimensions that duality-transformations are possible in general tensor-hierarchy with field-strengths of arbitrary ranks. We first consider the non-Abelian tensor field-strength

G

μ
1

⋯

μ
n

I

of the potential

B

μ
1

⋯

μ

n
−
1

I

, and its compensator field-strength

H

μ
1

⋯

μ

n
−
1

I

of the potential

C

μ
1

⋯

μ

n
−
2

I

, where

I

is the adjoint index. We next perform duality transformations into their respective Hodge-dual field-strength

M

μ
1

⋯

μ

D
−
n

I

of the potential

K

μ
1

⋯

μ

D
−
n
−
1

I

and the field-strength

N

μ
1

⋯

μ

D
−
n
+
1

I

of the potential

L

μ
1

⋯

μ

D
−
n

I

. As a typical application, we show this to take place in

D
=
3
+
1

dimensions with an N = 1 supersymmetric set consisting of a Yang–Mills vector-multiplet

(

A

μ

I

,

λ

I

)

, an extra vector-multiplet

(

B

μ

I

,

χ
I

)

, and a compensating chiral multiplet

(

C
I

,

ρ
I

,

E
I

)

. The λ

I
and χ

I
are Majorana spinors, and

B

μ

I

is an extra vector with the Proca–Stückelberg scalar CI
, while EI
is a pseudo-scalar. We perform duality-transformations on

B

μ

I

and

C
I

to their Hodge-dual fields

K

μ

I

and

L

μ
ν

I

, respectively, ending up with the new set of multiplets

(
A

μ

I

,

λ
I

)
,

(
K

μ

I

,

χ
I

)

and

(
L

μ
ν

I

,

ρ
I

,

E
I

)

. Another example is the set of multiplets

(
A

μ

I

,

λ
I

,
B

μ
ν
ρ

I

)

and

(
C

μ
ν

I

,

χ
I

,

φ
I

)

in

D
=
3
+
1

. Even though

B

μ
ν
ρ

I

has the maximal 4th rank field-strength, its supersymmetric dual system exists with

(
A

μ

I

,

λ
I

)

and

(

L
I

,

χ
I

,

φ
I

)

after a duality-transformation. Our duality-transformations provide previously-unknown-links among supersymmetric tensor-hierarchy formulations.
Positron re-emission, reflection, and diffraction from W(100) surface at very low energies
Authors: Samarin S N , Petrov V N , Sudarshan K , Guagliardo P , Baraban A P , Williams J F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The energy distributions of scattered and re-emitted low-energy positrons from a W(100) surface were measured as a function of incident positron energy from 0 to 25 eV. Given that tungsten has a negative work function of about −3 eV for positrons, one can envisage three scenarios of very low-energy positron scattering from such a surface. First, a positron approaching the sample surface with energy say 1 eV above the vacuum level will see a potential barrier of about 2 eV height and will be reflected back to the vacuum. Second, when the energy of incident positrons increases up to the top of the surface potential barrier (positron work function), they start entering the solid and, therefore, the reflectivity of positrons from the surface reduces. Positrons entering the solid are thermalised within few picoseconds and have a chance to escape back to the vacuum with kinetic energy about 3 eV above the vacuum level undergoing so-called re-emission. Third, coherent scattering of low-energy positrons may occur on the crystal surface, i.e. positron diffraction. All the three scenarios of low-energy positrons scattering are studied here experimentally. Measured spectra are very sensitive to the surface conditions of the sample: they change dramatically after surface oxidation or thin film deposition.
Measuring the permeability of magnetic materials in the GHz region
Authors: Thompson Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Magnetic materials have always been important in the commercial world and, as our transport systems are switching to electrification from fossil fuels, they are likely to become more so. Relative permeability, μ
r, is one parameter which characterizes such materials and this article discusses some measurements of μ
r, made on powdered iron oxide and two ferrite magnetic materials. Preliminary measured values of μ
r range from 1.5 to 4 and the imaginary part of μ
r, show that magnetic losses occur in the GHz region. An idea for improved measurements is suggested.
Energy transfer and vortex structures: visualizing the incompressible turbulent energy cascade
Authors: McKeown Ryan , Pumir Alain , Rubinstein Shmuel M , Brenner Michael P , Ostilla-Mónico Rodolfo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The transfer of kinetic energy from large to small scales is a hallmark of turbulent flows. Yet, a precise mechanistic description of this transfer, which is expected to occur via an energy cascade, is still missing. Several conceptually simple configurations with vortex tubes have been proposed as a testing ground to understand the energy cascade. Here, we focus on incompressible flows and compare the energy transfer occurring in a statistically steady homogeneous isotropic turbulent (HIT) flow with the generation of fine-scale motions in configurations involving vortex tubes. We start by filtering the velocity field in bands of wavenumbers distributed logarithmically, which allows us to study energy transfer in Fourier space and also visualize the energy cascade in real space. In the case of a statistically steady HIT flow at a moderate Reynolds number, our numerical results do not reveal any significant correlation between regions of intense energy transfers and vorticity or strain, filtered in corresponding wavenumber bands, nor any simple self-similar process. In comparison, in the transient turbulent flow obtained from the interaction between two antiparallel vortex tubes, we observe a qualitatively simpler organization of the intense structures, as well as of the energy transfer. However, the correlations between energy transfer and strain are small, and point to complicated dynamics of energy transfer. By imposing a structure at large scales consisting of antiparallel vortex tubes in a statistically steady flow, we observed a picture qualitatively similar to what was observed for the transient flow, but the energy transfer statistics do not reproduce the type of triadic interactions seen in HIT. These results indicate that the specific properties of the large-scale vortical structures affect the way energy is transferred, and may not be fully representative of HIT.
Two-terminal tandem solar cell with Sb2S3/Sb2Se3 absorber pair: achieving 14% power conversion efficiency
Authors: Shrivastav Nikhil , Yadav Vishal , Bhattarai Sagar , Madan Jaya , Hossain M Khalid , Samajdar D P , Dwivedi D K , Pandey Rahul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Embarking on a journey toward high solar efficiency, this study delves into a two-terminal tandem solar cell (TSC) featuring Sb2S3/Sb2Se3 as an absorber layer. The tandem setup consists of different bandgap (Eg) absorbers to selectively target photon energies: the top cell employs a wide bandgap material to efficiently absorb high-energy photons, while the bottom cell utilizes a lower bandgap material to capture refined photons transmitted from the top cell. This strategy mitigates thermalization and transparent energy losses by assigning distinct photon absorption and conversion roles to the top and bottom cells. Realizing peak efficiency in a tandem configuration rests on the apt choice of active materials for the top and bottom cells. In this regard, a comprehensive study is presented, introducing a TSC architecture that pairs an Sb2S3-based top cell (Eg 1.7 eV) with a Sb2Se3-based bottom cell (Eg 1.2 eV). Through meticulous analysis, the performance of these cells in the tandem setup is analyzed, employing methods such as filtered spectrum analysis and current-matching strategies. The Sb2S3/Sb2Se3 tandem design incorporates a critical tunnel recombination junction facilitated by an ITO layer. Noteworthy is the investigation’s uncovering of impressive metrics for the tandem device, encompassing an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.58 V, a current density (JSC) of 15.50 mA.cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 56.90%. This collective attainment culminates in an extraordinary power conversion efficiency of 14%. The insights gleaned from this study hold substantial promise for the future development of monolithic TSC. By adroitly harnessing the distinctive strengths of Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3 materials within a tandem configuration, a clear trajectory is charted toward momentous advancement in solar energy conversion technology.
Comparison of optimized GeSn/Si heterojunction and GaInAsSb/GaSb thermophotovoltaic cells with similar bandgaps
Authors: Tang Yili , Liu Yonghui , Yuan Chengyang , Tang Liangliang , Shao Jianxiong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The bandgap of Ge1−xSnx material can be designed within 0.5 ∼ 0.6 eV with different Sn content, and the characteristic of indirect bandgap of pure Ge will change to direct, which make Ge1−xSnx become a proper and low cost thermophotovoltaic cell material. Here we investigate direct bandgap Ge1−xSnx cells with bandgaps of 0.508 ∼ 0.548 eV. Triple antireflection layers, the surface recombination rate, p–n junction depth, impurity doping concentration, etc are optimized for cell design. The optimal cell structures are adopted for cell performance evaluation under given blackbody radiation within 1000 ∼ 2000 K. Simultaneously, the output power densities of GeSn cells are compared with those of traditional GaInAsSb cells with similar bandgap designs. GeSn cells show comparable performances with GaInAsSb cells over the temperature range of 1000 ∼ 1500 K blackbody radiation, and the efficiencies are 1.01 ∼ 2.49 times over 1500 ∼ 2000 K.
Rapid prediction of lab-grown tissue properties using deep learning
Authors: Andrews Allison E , Dickinson Hugh , Hague James P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix are vital for the self-organisation of tissues. In this paper we present proof-of-concept to use machine learning tools to predict the role of this mechanobiology in the self-organisation of cell-laden hydrogels grown in tethered moulds. We develop a process for the automated generation of mould designs with and without key symmetries. We create a large training set with N = 6400 cases by running detailed biophysical simulations of cell–matrix interactions using the contractile network dipole orientation model for the self-organisation of cellular hydrogels within these moulds. These are used to train an implementation of the pix2pix deep learning model, with an additional 100 cases that were unseen in the training of the neural network for review and testing of the trained model. Comparison between the predictions of the machine learning technique and the reserved predictions from the biophysical algorithm show that the machine learning algorithm makes excellent predictions. The machine learning algorithm is significantly faster than the biophysical method, opening the possibility of very high throughput rational design of moulds for pharmaceutical testing, regenerative medicine and fundamental studies of biology. Future extensions for scaffolds and 3D bioprinting will open additional applications.
Sub-picosecond laser surface modification of Ti–Ni alloy and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Saraeva Irina N , Nastulyavichus Alena A , Sozaev Islam V , Tolordava Eteri R , Rudenko Andrey A , Kudryashov Sergey I , Tokmacheva-Kolobova Anastasiia Yu , Gonchukov Sergey A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Surface modification of titanium nickelide (Ti–Ni) alloy improves its properties, forming a barrier oxidized/carbonized subsurface layer, which blocks the release of toxic nickel ions. We have modified Ti–Ni alloys by structuring the surface with sub-picosecond laser at different radiation parameters. The modified surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and layer-by-layer energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The antibacterial properties of structured surfaces were tested against the planktonic culture of Staphylococcus aureus, and the viability was measured by ‘Live/Dead’ microbiological staining method.
Optoacoustic angiography for noninvasive monitoring of experimental tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Glyavina Anna , Akhmedzhanova Ksenia , Kurnikov Alexey , Khochenkov Dmitry , Khochenkova Yulia , Subochev Pavel , Orlova Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The paper demonstrates the results of a study of experimental SN-12C xenograft vascular network formation using optoacoustic microscopy. A sevenfold increase in vascularity during tumor growth from days 7 to 121 was shown. The possibility of monitoring the development of individual vessels inside the tumor node has been demonstrated. The data obtained are important for understanding the mechanisms of development of the tumor vascular system and may be useful in testing antiangiogenic therapeutic agents.
Analysis of Surface Wind Speed at Minangkabau International Airport for the period 2011-2020 using the Windrose Method
Authors: Oktavia Shinta , Syafriani  , Dwiridal Letmi , Sudiar Nofi Yendri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWeather information is very much needed in flight operations because it is related to the smooth running of the aircraft from takeoff to landing. Weather information required by the runway surface wind data needs as important information in the landing process. Information on the surface wind components determines Minangkabau International Airport’s direction and average surface wind speed pattern. Analysis of changes in surface winds also determines the effect of wind on flight safety, especially in the process of taking off and landing aircraft. Wind direction and speed data obtained are from synoptic observations of the Minangkabau Meteorological Station for ten years (2011-2020). Surface wind data is processed using the windrose method with the WRPLOT (Wind Rose Plots for Meteorological Data) application which shows the direction and difference in wind speed and produces a wind pattern image in the form of a windrose diagram. The results of this study note that the dominant wind blows from the Southwest (203°-248°) with a percentage of 41.97%. The west direction (248°-293°) with a percentage of 27.93%. The south (158°-203°) with a percentage of 13.81%. The prevailing wind speed is 4.08 – 7 knots, with a percentage of 54.8%. The rate of 0.97 – 4.08 knots with a percentage of 38.1%, and the speed that occurs is 7-11.08 knots with a percentage of 6.1%. The condition of the overall average wind direction and speed that occurred from 2011-2022 at Minangkabau International Airport was still in the safe category for the takeoff and landing process.
3D inversion modelling of gravity data for identification of subsurface structures in the mud volcano area of Sedati, Sidoarjo
Authors: Mariyanto Mariyanto , Lestari Wien , Silitonga Benzamin Ikkian , Tsaniyah Zahrotuts , Agustine Eleonora , Iryanti Mimin , Hapsoro Cahyo Aji , Indriana Rina Dwi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many mud volcanoes are found in Central Java and East Java in the north, but research on mud volcanoes is still limited. This research focuses on the Sedati mud volcano area, Sidoarjo with a research area of 500x400 meters. Measurement of gravity method data with 88 points spaced 50 meters to determine the value of rock density and subsurface structure of Sedati mud volcano area. From the data that has been obtained, data processing is carried out to obtain a map of the distribution of regional and residual gravity anomaly values. From the anomaly data, 3D inversion was carried out to obtain a map of the subsurface structure. The 3D gravity inversion modelling results show that there is high density rock block which is interpreted as a basin that holds the reservoir from the mud volcano. Near the surface and around the mudflow in the study area, the distribution of low density is caused by the presence of mud content. There is a possibility that there is a fault zone with a west-east direction from the study area. The results of the 3D gravity model incision show that the weak zone in the study area is a zone of accumulation of mud which has a density value of 1.8 g/cm3 at a depth of 20 meters to 500 meters.
Thermoelectric conductivity of monolayer FeCl2 under LDA+U
Authors: Prayitno Teguh Budi , Budi Esmar , Nuryasin Bagus , Abdillah Muhammad Andrianto , Kartika Marliana Candra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigated the influence of Coulomb repulsion via the LDA+U method on the thermoelectric conductivity of monolayer 1T-FeCl2. As the spin-orbit coupling is included, the state transition from metallic state to insulating state appears as the Coulomb repulsion increases, in good agreement with previous results. This is also followed by reduction of thermoelectric conductivity. Nevertheless, the magnetic moment remains unchanged as the Coulomb parameter increases, thus keeping the magnetism in monolayer FeCl2. This indicates that the Coulomb repulsion reduces the thermoelectric conductivity but keeps the magnetism in FeCl2.
Subsurface Structure of Singkarak Pull Apart Inferred from Magnetic and Gravity Modeling
Authors: Amir Harman , Bijaksana Satria , Dahrin Darharta , Nugraha Andri Dian , Arisbaya Ilham 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe existence of active faults along the Sumatran fault has an impact on tectonic activities such as earthquakes and the formation of pull-apart along the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF). The Great Sumatran Fault is segmented into 19 segments. Fourteen segments of which are pull-apart. One of the pull-apart amongofthe GSF is the Singkarak pull-apart which is located on the Sumani segment. Magnetic and gravitational methods are appropriate geophysical methods used to determine rock structures below the earth’s surface. The subsurface structure of the Singkarak pull-apart analysis needed to identify potential future basins. Based on the analysis of the low magnetic anomaly closures on both sides of Lake Singkarak, this study has also succeeded in identifying the presence of a less dense Quaternary Coluvium volcanic deposition outcrop and concluded that the displacement of about 18± 3 km was resulted from a strike-slip process in the past. Furthermore, Lake Singkarak is estimated to have experienced an opening as far as 8 ±1 km which is based on the maximum width of the model profile that passes through the middle of Lake Singkarak.
The Impact of Microwave Treatment on the Andesite Rock Mechanical Properties
Authors: Heriyadi Bambang , Nata Refky Adi , Tanjung Ardhymanto Am , Fadhilah  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Alternate rock-breaking techniques to drilling and blasting could include using microwaves to break up rock masses. Drilling for blasting has a significant issue with the cost of drill bit replacement in a short time (weekly). The microwave-breaking technology could be a solution, but research is continuing. This research clarifies the proposed methods through a case study of PT. ATC is an andesite quarry that employs the drill-and-blast technique to break rock. This experiment replicates the previous study’s conclusion that rock strength decreases following microwave treatment on two rock strength tests involving the Point Load Index (PLI) and Schmidt Hammer (SH). The dynamic test (PUNDIT) result indicates that the p-wave velocity of microwaved samples is greater than that of non-microwaved samples (NMW). As a consequence of evaporation and mineral transformation within the rock, the density of the rock decreases, and the porosity increases.
Microstructure analysis of graphene oxide synthesized from corn cobs waste
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Ramli Ramli , Sari Istiqomah Wulan , Gusnedi  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Graphene oxide is one carbon-based material decorated by oxygen functional group that has been applied in various field. Active oxygen functional group allows graphene oxide served as precursor for many applications including DSSC, Field Effect Transistor, LED, and Transparent Conductive Film. Unfortunately, high cost of pure raw material inhibits the wide application of graphene oxide. Corn cobs is one of highly produced waste from agricultural activity that become an unsolved environmental problem. Meanwhile, high content of carbon material in corn cob allows it to be a potential carbon source for graphene oxide synthesis. In this report the synthesis of graphene oxide from corn cobs using modified hummers method is discussed. As synthesized sample was analysed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to confirm the successful of graphene oxide form corn cobs.
Microtremor analysis around Jari mud volcano, Bojonegoro
Authors: Purba Theresia Romauli , Mariyanto Mariyanto , Komara Eki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The earthquake that occurred in the Mount Pandan area in 2016 is thought to have triggered the emergence of a mudflow mixed with water and gas. The research area is in the Kendeng Zone with a complex geological structure. In this zone, there is a very fast sedimentation process so the buried material is not fully compacted. In this study, measurements were made of 6 microtremor data points around Jari Mud Volcano, Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, the data obtained were processed using the HVSR analysis method. HVSR analysis is a method of processing microtremor signals to determine soil characteristics based on information on natural frequency values and its amplification. The result shows the natural frequency parameter and its amplification is slightly variated around Jari Mud Volcano, caused by sedimentary depth variation and/or the presence of existing rock. Based on 6 processed data, the natural frequency values range from 1.9 to 9.1 Hz. Meanwhile, the amplification value ranges from 2.6 to 4.4. Based on the amplification value, the research area is classified as low and medium amplification zones (low value dominance). This is because the amplification value is related to geomorphological conditions, in which the research area is located in the mountains and is composed of volcanic sediments.
Amplification Analysis and Seismic Vulnerability Index of Air Tawar Barat Village of Padang City Using HVSR Method
Authors: Putri Wira Triana , Syafriani  , Fauzi Ahmad , Dwiridal Letmi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Padang City is an area that has a very high level of seismic activity in Indonesia. The city of Padang is also an area severely affected by the earthquake in the Subduction Zone. Considerable earthquakes impact building damage and infrastructure, one of the factors that can see the vulnerability of an area with a seismic vulnerability index. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine and analyze the amplification and seismic vulnerability index in the Air Tawar Barat Village of Padang City and create a map of the natural frequency distribution, amplification, and seismic vulnerability index. Microtremor data retrieval was carried out in February-May 2022 using the Seismograph Sysmatrack MAE and S3S Sensors at Air Tawar Barat Village, Padang City. The method used in this study is the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) method using geopsy software to remove noise in the data and see the natural frequency value and the value of the amplification factor. Furthermore, from the data, contour maps were made using Surfer 13, where the type of research carried out was in the form of descriptive research. Based on the results of the study found that the natural frequency value (f0) in the study area ranged from 0.59141 Hz – 12.9172 Hz, the amplification (A0) ranged from 2.39825 to 13.7759, and the seismic susceptibility index (kg) was 0.4802 – 320.885. Based on the data processing results, it can be concluded that fresh western water is an area with a high seismic vulnerability index, and the location is very vulnerable when shaken by an earthquake.