bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handgrip strength deficit and time lag between symptom onset and starting of chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study in North India
Authors: Mishra Prashant , Bhargava Shashikant , Vihan Sandeep 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:Wasting is the predominant systemic clinical manifestation of chronic diseases like tuberculosis (TB). Delay in diagnosis and therapy initiation may affect handgrip strength, severity and outcome of the disease. Limited data are available on this in the Indian context, despite a high prevalence of TB. This study aimed to estimate and correlate deficits in handgrip strength amongst sputum-positive and sputum-negative pulmonary TB patients in relation to the time lag between symptom onset and starting of antitubercular therapy (ATT).Materials and Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study amongst newly diagnosed sputum-positive and sputum-negative pulmonary TB patients and age- and sex-matched apparently healthy volunteers. Handgrip strength of 341 newly diagnosed patients of TB was monitored within 1 week of starting ATT and analysed. Demographic details and clinical history of the participants were noted in the pre-designed form. The handgrip strength of 100 healthy volunteers was also taken for comparison.Results:The study findings suggest that deficits in handgrip strength amongst sputum-negative patients were more than sputum-positive patients in comparison to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. It took an average of 63 ± 27 days between the onset of symptoms and starting of ATT in sputum-negative patients in comparison to an average of 47 ± 12 days in sputum-positive patients.Conclusion:Early consultation by patients, rapid diagnosis of TB and the start of ATT, thereby decreasing the time lag between the symptom onset and start of ATT, may lead to a decreased deficit in handgrip strength with the improved overall health of patients. Extensive Information, Education and Communication activities and newer diagnostic modalities for early identification of cases and the start of chemotherapy are required for optimal management of TB patients.
Retrospective review of empyema and parapneumonic effusions in hospitalized children in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Sandra Kwarteng , Owusu Sheila Agyeiwaa , Nyarko Obed Ofori , Kwarteng Owusu Richard Kwaku , Mahama Haruna , Adjetey Naomi Dianne , Baah Birgit Agyeiwaah , Okyere Isaac , Sylverken Justice , Ansong Daniel , Zampoli Marco 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
Empyema and parapneumonic effusions (PPEs) are common complications of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Both contribute to prolonged hospital stay, increased morbidity, and less frequent mortality. This study aimed to describe the demographics, immunization status, clinical profile, etiology, and outcomes in children admitted with empyema and PPE to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that reviewed folders and electronic records of children admitted from January 2016 to December 2020. Information on demographic characteristics, immunization status, clinical profile, date of admission, and discharge or death were documented. Information was extracted using Microsoft Excel. Data was then analysed with Stata statistical software package version 16.

Results:
Records were available for 51 out of 65 children, the median age was 42 months interquartile range (IQR) (22.5–96) and 68.6% (n = 35) of the children were males. Three of the children 5.9% did not have a chest drain inserted. In all, 60.8% (n = 31) of the children had received all doses of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) up-to-date for age. Four children (7.8%) had oxygen saturation <90%, whereas 43.9% (n = 18) had axillary temperature >38°C. Blood cultures were done for 72.6% (n = 37) of patients, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 5 patients (13.5%, n = 5/37) and Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in 1 patient (2.7%, n = 1/37). While the rest, 83.8% (n = 31) had no bacterial growth. The pleural aspirate culture was done in 64.7% (n = 33) of the patients and 6 (18.1%) had S. aureus isolated. Common antibiotics administered were amoxicillin clavulanic acid in 33.3% (n = 17) of the patients, and ceftriaxone in 31.4% (n = 16) of the patients. Three (5.9%) children died. The median length of hospital stay was 9 days IQR (7–14).

Conclusion:
Empyema and PPE occurred more commonly in children older than 1 year, with a low mortality rate among the children. Most children with empyema were full immunised with PCV-13.
High risk of obstructive sleep apnea among hypertensive patients in two tertiary centers in Nigeria
Authors: Nwosu Nnamdi Ikechukwu , Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna , Nwaneli Chibundo Uchenna , Anyim Obumneme B. , Umeh Chioma R. , Ukemenam Wilfred Chidi 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is rising globally with its associated morbidity and mortality. Although OSA is associated with hypertension and is the leading cause of secondary and resistant hypertension, its presence is usually not actively sought during clinical evaluation of hypertensive patients resulting in a missed opportunity to treat the condition. This study assessed the prevalence of high risk of OSA and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among hypertensive patients. It also assessed the pattern of symptoms of OSA among the participants.

Materials and Methods:
We used a structured questionnaire to collect data from hypertensive patients aged 18 years and above, who were attending the outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Enugu state. Data collected include frequency of symptoms of OSA, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score, snoring, tiredness, observed apnea or choking, blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, and gender (STOPBANG) score, number of comorbidities present, and demography of participants. STOPBANG score of 5–8 classified participants as having high risk of OSA, and ESS >10 as having excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS.).

Results:
Three hundred and twenty hypertensive patients were recruited (mean age: 56.0 ± 9.5 years; female: 58.8%). The prevalence of high-risk OSA was 13.8% and that of EDS was 6.3%. Snoring, nocturia, tiredness, and observed apnea were significantly present in 90.9%, 90.9%, 81.8%, and 22.7% of those with high risk of OSA (n = 44), respectively, compared with intermediate (60.6%, 91.5%, 53.2%, and 1.6%) and low risk (12.5%, 77.3%, 19.3%, and 1.1%) groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). Gasping, (χ2 [2] = 8.4, P = 0.015); memory loss, (χ2 [2] = 6, P = 0.04); and sleep fragmentation, (χ2 [2] = 9.9, P = 0.007) also showed significant difference between high-, intermediate-, and low-risk OSA groups.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of the high risk of OSA among hypertensive patients presenting to our tertiary hospitals are modest. Snoring and nocturia are their most common symptoms. We recommend screening hypertensive patients for OSA to identify those at high risk, as they will likely benefit from sleep study and treatment if confirmed.
Analysis of the activities of state development institutions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Kovalenko M. S. , Dyachkovskaya N. N. 
Published: September 2023

In the current realities, regardless of whether the organization is commercial or budgetary, it can no longer pay attention only to the development of current work plans and the management of internal progress. There was an understanding that for the existence of one’s activity in modern conditions it is extremely important to apply strategic thinking, which allows one to pre-scribe a sequence of actions that will be aimed at realizing the goals and means of the chosen direction of the company’s movement. This is a tool that allows you to identify the parameters and indicators that require, can be both a strength and a weakness of the organization that require attention. This scientific article is devoted to just one of these tools – strategic analysis, which was carried out on the example of the Innovation Development Fund of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The article provides an analysis of the external and internal environment of the organization, determines the factors influencing the activity of the object of consideration. The article offers strategic recommendations for improving the Fund’s activities and developing new strategic priorities. The study is conducted on the example of the Innovation Development Fund of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), one of the leading organizations in the field of innovation ecosystem development in the Republic. The results of the study can be useful for management personnel involved in the development of an innovative economy and the management of organizations in this area. The purpose of this work was to develop proposals for improving the strategy of the organization, which will positively affect the organization. To achieve the target, the following tasks were completed:– conducted external and internal analysis of the environment of the Innovation Development Fund of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); – a strategic analysis of the organization was carried out; – suggested recommendations for improving the strategic priorities and management of the organization.
Penerapan Restorative justice Sebagai Bentuk Permaafan Hakim Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencurian Oleh Lansia
Authors: Cintya Sindhi , Firmansyah Hery 
Published: September 2023

<p><em>This study aims to determine the application of Restorative justice in the form of a judge's pardon for the crime of theft committed by seniors over 70 years of age. The research carried out in this study is empirical juridical research, which is carried out directly in the field to find out the real problems that occur, and then it will be connected with the applicable laws and regulations and existing legal theories. The results of the study show that the application of a new Restorative justice in the form of a judge's apology to the perpetrators who are 70 years old because they are no longer productive is deemed ineffective if imprisoned and also that the country of Indonesia is a country that has eastern customs, which means that the culture of the Indonesian state is making a decision by deliberation to reach a consensus or in other words, Restorative justice provides an opportunity for the perpetrator to become a better person so that he can organize his future life for the better, rather than having to prioritize a retributive justice system that prioritizes the imposition of law on the physical perpetrator by confining him in in detention/prison.</em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penerapan <em>Restorative justice</em> Dalam Bentuk Permaafan Hakim Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencurian Yang Dilakukan Oleh Lansia Diatas 70 Tahun. Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian Yuridis empiris yang dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang sebenarnya terjadi, kemudian akan dihubungkan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan teori hukum yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan baru sebuah <em>Restorative justice</em> dalam bentuk permaafan hakim kepada para pelaku yang berusia 70 tahun karena diusia yang sudah tidak produktif dirasa tidak efektive jika dimasukan di dalam penjara dan juga negara Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki adat ketimuran yang artinya budaya negara Indonesia adalah mengambil sebuah keputusan dengan musyawarat untuk mufakat atau dalam kata lain dari <em>Restorative justice</em> memberikan kesempatan kepada pelaku untuk menjadi sosok yang lebih baik agar dapat menata kehidupan kedepannya menjadi lebih baik, dibandingkan harus mengedepankan system <em>retributive justice</em> yang lebih mengedepankan penjatuhan hukum terhadap fisik pelaku dengan mengurungnya di dalam tahanan/penjara. </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
Ketidakpatuhan Kepala Desa Melaksanakan Putusan Pengadian Tata Usaha Negara Terhadap Pemberhentian Perangkat Desa
Authors: Aksan Akbar Muhamad 
Published: September 2023

<p align="center">The purpose of this study was to find out the legal implications for village heads who did not carry out the decisions of the state administrative court in dismissing village officials. This research is very important given the existence of polemics about the appointment and dismissal of village officials and the village head's non-compliance in carrying out the decisions of the state administrative court. This study uses normative legal research methods. The results of this study are that the village head in carrying out appointments and dismissal of village officials must consult and obtain recommendations from the camat. The decision of the state administrative court has executorial power so that all parties are obliged to carry it out either voluntarily or by force. The legal consequences for villages that do not implement the decisions of the state administrative court are subject to moderate administrative sanctions as referred to in Article 80 paragraph (2) jo. Article 72 paragraph (1) Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Whereas in the event that the village head takes an action contrary to the decision of the state administrative court which has legal force, it will still be subject to severe administrative sanctions as referred to in Article 80 paragraph (3) jo. Article 17 Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. </p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implikasi hukum terhadap kepala desa yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara dalam pemberhentian perangkat desa. Penelitian ini sangat penting mengingat adanya polemik tentang pengangkatan dan pemberhentian perangkat desa serta ketidakpatuan kepala desa melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu kepala desa dalam melakukan pengangkatan dan pemberhentian perangkat desa wajib berkonsultasi dan mendapatkan rekomendasi camat. Putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial sehingga semua pihak wajib melaksanakannya baik dilakukan secara sukarela maupun dengan upaya paksa. Akibat hukum terhadap kepada desa yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara dikenai sanksi administrasi sedang sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 80 ayat (2) jo. Pasal 72 ayat (1) UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Sedangkan dalam hal kepala desa melakukan tindakan bertentangan dengan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara yang berkekuatan hukum tetap dikenai sanksi adminstrasi berat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 80 ayat (3) jo. Pasal 17 UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. </p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p>
The Role of Busines Actors in Ensuring Halal Products
Authors: Qahar Awaka Muhammad , Rachmawati Rachmawati , Lolita Lolita , Yaniza Tiza 
Published: September 2023

<p><em>The number of certified halal products from business actors in the area of the South Pontianak Sub-district tends to be low. This study aimed to determine the role of business actors in implementing halal product guarantees in the South Pontianak city area with the title of the role of business actors in guaranteeing halal products in the South Pontianak sub-District area. This type of research is a qualitative approach using a juridical sociological system. The population in this study consists of business actors in the South Pontianak Sub-district area. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that business actors in ensuring halal products in the South Pontianak sub-district area have not been optimally implemented as they experienced some obstacles; firstly, business actors are unaware of the obligation to register their products; secondly, the registration process for Halal certification is difficult and costly. The efforts made by business actors in ensuring halal products are by joining the MSME group, which assists in product registration, obtaining halal certificates, and receiving guidance and socialization from the government.</em><em></em></p><p><em><strong> </strong></em></p><p> </p>
Urgensi Pembentukan Lembaga Eksekutor Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Perempuan Dan Anak Pasca Perceraian
Authors: Aurellia Meivanza Dwi , Halim Abdul 
Published: September 2023

<p><em>This study aims to discuss the urgency of establishing an executor institution for civil decisions in family cases outside the Religious Court so that the fulfillment of the rights of ex-wives and children after divorce can be guaranteed. With several execution obstacles in family cases that are mostly related to the interests of women's and children's rights after divorce, this research is considered necessary to be studied. This research method uses a type of normative research by taking library research-based sources. By taking primary sources from laws and regulations and various literature such as books, journal articles, theses, and articles as secondary sources with a qualitative approach method. The results of this study concluded that with various obstacles in the implementation of executions related to the payment of child support and / or wife support by the ex-husband, there is an urgency for the establishment of an executor institution outside the independent court so as to avoid interference from other powers. </em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas tentang urgensi dari pembentukan lembaga eksekutor putusan perdata perkara keluarga di luar pengadilan agama agar pemenuhan hak mantan istri dan anak pasca perceraian dapat terjamin. Dengan adanya beberapa kendala eksekusi dalam perkara keluarga yang banyak berkaitan dengan kepentingan hak perempuan dan anak pasca perceraian maka penelitian ini dirasa perlu untuk dikaji. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis-normatif. Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dengan adanya berbagai kendala dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi terkait pembayaran nafkah anak dan/atau nafkah istri oleh mantan suami, maka terdapat urgensi terhadap pembentukan lembaga eksekutor di luar pengadilan yang independen sehingga terhindar dari intervensi kekuasaan lainnya. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu yang telah dilakukan terdapat berbagai persamaan sudut pandang yang diteliti. Namun, penelitian ini lebih memfokuskan pada analisis keurgensian pembentukan lembaga eksekutor yang independen sebagai solusi dari kendala-kendala yang dihadapi pasca perceraian. <strong> </strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perjanjian Pinjam Nama Penggunaan Paylater Jika Terjadi Wanprestasi
Authors: Cahyasabrina Ghea Tyagita , Winanti Atik 
Published: September 2023

<p><em>The purpose of this research is </em><em>to determine the legal consequences that can be borne by the giver of the name in the nominee agreement against defaulting paylater borrowers and the form of legal protection for the name giver in cases of default by paylater borrowers. The paylater payment method is a popular payment method in the community, but in its use abuse is often found, namely borrowing names, where borrowing names is done orally on the basis of trust which often results in default. This research uses normative legal research methods with the type of library research and uses statue approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that due to the insistence on norms, the legal consequences that arise are that the debtor or the party giving the name must be fully responsible if a default occurs by a third party, because the payment provider does not care who binds himself while the terms of the agreement are agreed, other than that the form Legal protection for lenders for the use of later payments is not specifically regulated in laws and regulations, while protection can be carried out, namely by holding amicable deliberations to ask for the fulfillment of obligations accompanied by compensation.</em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum yang dapat ditanggung oleh pemberi nama dalam perjanjian pinjam nama terhadap peminjam <em>paylater</em> yang wanprestasi dan bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemberi nama dalam kasus wanprestasi oleh peminjam <em>paylater</em>. Metode pembayaran <em>paylater</em> menjadi metode pembayaran yang popular dimasyarakat, tetapi dalam penggunaanya kerap kali ditemukan penyalahgunaan yakni terjadi pinjam nama penggunaan <em>paylater</em>, yang mana pinjam nama ini dilakukan secara lisan atas dasar kepercayaan yang tidak jarang menimbulkan wanprestasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan serta menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan adalah debitur atau pihak pemberi nama harus bertanggung jawab penuh jika terjadi wanprestasi oleh pihak ketiga, karena pihak penyedia<em> paylater</em> tidak peduli dengan siapa mengikatkan diri selagi syarat dalam perjanjian terpenuhi, selain itu bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi pemberi pinjam nama penggunaan <em>paylater</em> ini tidak secara khusus diatur dalam perundang-undangan, adapun perlindungan yang dapat dilakukan yakni dengan cara melakukan musyawarah secara kekeluargaan untuk meminta pemenuhan kewajiban disertai dengan ganti rugi.</p>
Producción de Maíz: Evidencia de Sinaloa, México
Authors: Espinoza Nicolás Guadalupe Zúñiga 
Published: September 2023

Finalidad: Los objetivos fueron explicar la evolución de la producción de maíz blanco para el periodo 2013-2022; conocer la cosecha que cada municipio aportó durante el año 2022; y estimar los efectos de la garantía y los precios de mercado sobre el valor de la producción a obtener para el año 2023.

Marco teórico: El maíz blanco, como producto agrícola, se utiliza para el consumo humano en México y también se exporta a otros países. Por lo tanto, es importante diseñar un programa de precios garantizados por parte del gobierno federal, el cual debe ser consciente de las presiones que enfrentan los agricultores para vender su producción y rentabilizar su inversión. La literatura indica que en las comunidades rurales necesitan seguir sembrando maíz blanco para que la gente tenga empleo e ingresos (Dat, 2023; Carbaugh, 2009).

Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque: El estudio se abordó con métodos cualitativos y se utilizaron instrumentos descriptivos, bibliográficos y de análisis documental. La recolección de datos se realizó a través del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural.

Resultados: El trabajo contribuye a conocer que el precio de garantía diseñado por SEGALMEX y el Gobierno del Estado de Sinaloa incrementó el valor de la producción y benefició a quienes ingresaron a dicho programa; mientras que la caída del precio de mercado redujo el valor de la producción, afectando a los agricultores que vendieron bajo ese último precio.

Investigación, Implicaciones Prácticas y Sociales: Al analizar el impacto de los precios de garantía y de mercado sobre el valor de la producción de maíz blanco, da cuenta de los beneficios o pérdidas para los productores agrícolas.

Originalidad/Valor: Esta investigación examina las limitaciones encontradas por el mal diseño de la selección de productores de maíz blanco de hasta 50 hectáreas para pagar precios de garantía y excluye a aquellos que siembran por encima de esa superficie que tuvieron que vender a precios de mercado.