bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects on lung compliance, lung volume, and single-breath transfer factor for carbon monoxide in sheep with lentivirus-induced lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Collie D. David S. , Watt Neil J. , Warren P. Μ. , Begara I. , Luján L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Static lung compliance, static lung volumes, and transfer factor for carbon monoxide were measured in 12 anesthetized adult Texel ewes seropositive for maedi-visna virus (MVV) and in 11 breed-, sex-, and age-matched seronegative controls. Median static lung compliance in MVV-infected sheep (1.24 L⋅kPa−1; range, 0.27 to 2.20 L⋅kPa−1) was not significantly different from that in controls (1.58 L⋅kPa−1 range, 0.82 to 2.08 L⋅kPa−1). Median body weight of MVV-infected sheep (56 kg; range, 40 to 75 kg) was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that of controls (65 kg; range, 53 to 87 kg). Median effective alveolar lung volume in MVV-infected sheep (3.36 L; range, 1.44 to 4.52 L) was significantly (P < 0.01) less than that in controls (4.12 L; range, 3.75 to 4.90 L). Median effective end expiratory lung volume in MVV-infected sheep (1.20 L; range, 0.56 to 1.99 L) was significantly (P < 0.001) less than that of controls (1.98 L; range: 1.76 to 2.78 L). Median lung volumes expressed per unit of body weight did not differ significantly between the groups. Median single-breath transfer factor for carbon monoxide in MVV-infected sheep (7.89 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1; range, 3.45 to 12.74 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1) was significantly (P < 0.001) less than that in controls (14.10 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1; range, 10.02 to 18.30 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1). Median transfer factor expressed per liter of alveolar volume in MVV-infected sheep (2.44 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1⋅L−1; range, 1.28 to 3.72 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1⋅L−1) was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that in controls (3.22 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1⋅L−l; range, 2.47 to 3.74 mmol⋅min−1⋅kPa−1⋅L−1). These findings indicate that static lung volumes and transfer factor for carbon monoxide are significantly decreased in adult sheep naturally infected with MVV.
Diagnosis of naturally acquired type-I and type-II diabetes mellitus in cats
Authors: Kirk C. A. , Feldman E. C. , Nelson R. W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
After IV administration of 0.5 mg of glucagon/cat, glucose tolerance and insulin secretory response were evaluated in 10 lean cats, 10 obese cats, and 30 cats with diabetes mellitus. Blood samples for glucose and insulin determinations were collected immediately before and at 5, 10, 15. 30, 45, and 60 minutes after IV administration of glucagon. Baseline serum insulin concentration and insulin secretory response were used to classify diabetes mellitus in the 30 cats as type I or type II.
Mean (± SEM) baseline and 30-minute serum glucose concentrations in obese cats were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, compared with values in lean cats, but were similar at all other blood sample collection times. Serum glucose concentration in diabetic cats was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than values in obese and lean cats at all blood sample collection times. Two statistically different insulin responses to IV administration of glucagon were seen in diabetic cats. Of the 30 diabetic cats, 23 had minimal insulin secretory response after glucagon administration (ie, serum insulin concentration was at or below sensitivity of the insulin assay). Seven diabetic cats had baseline serum insulin concentration similar to that of obese cats and significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of lean cats and of the other 23 diabetic cats. In these 7 diabetic cats, serum insulin concentration increased after glucagon administration. Total insulin secretion was not significantly different between these 7 diabetic cats and the lean and obese cats, and was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than total insulin secretion in the other 23 diabetic cats. Results support existence of type-I and type-II diabetes mellitus in cats.
Prevalence of mycoplasmal and ureaplasmal recovery from traceobronchial lavages and of mycoplasmal recovery from pharyngeal swab specimens in cats with or without pulmonary disease
Authors: Randolph J. F. , Moise N. S. , Scarlett J. M. , Shin S. J. , Blue J. T. , Corbett J. R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The prevalence of mycoplasmal and ureaplasmal recovery from tracheobronchial lavage specimens and prevalence of mycoplasmal recovery from pharyngeal swab specimens from cats with (28) or without (18) pulmonary disease were determined. Mycoplasmas were recovered from tracheobronchial lavage specimens in 21% of cats with pulmonary disease, but in no cats without pulmonary disease; this difference is signficant (P = 0.04). Mycoplasmal recovery from tracheobronchial lavage specimens was not significantly associated with concurrent Pasteurella spp isolation, septic inflammation, or bronchitis. Ureaplasmas were only isolated from a tracheobronchial lavage specimen in 1 cat with pulmonary disease and in no cats without pulmonary disease. Similar mycoplasmal recovery rates were found for pharyngeal swab specimens from cats with (39%) or without (35%) pulmonary disease.
Seemingly, mycoplasmas are part of the normal pharyngeal flora in approximately a third of the feline population, but mycoplasmas are not normal inhabitants of the lower respiratory tract in cats. It is unknown whether mycoplasmas isolated from tracheobronchial lavage specimens in cats with pulmonary disease are primary pathogens or opportunistic invaders. Seemingly, ureaplasmas are seldom associated with pulmonary disease in cats, and are not normal inhabitants of the trachea and bronchi of cats.
Pharmacokinetics of digoxin administered to horses with congestive heart failure
Authors: Sweeney Raymond W. , Reef Virginia B. , Reimer Johanna M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Nine horses with (naturally acquired) congestive heart failure were treated with 2.2 μg of digoxin/kg of body weight by the Iv route, followed by 11 μg/kg administered orally every 12 hours thereafter. Furosemide was administered IV concurrently with IV administered digoxin every 12 hours. Serum concentration of digoxin was measured after the first (Iv) and seventh (orally administered) dose.
After Iv administration, digoxin disposition was described by a 2-compartment model, with a rapid distribution phase (t1/2α = 0.17 hour), followed by a slower elimination phase (β = 0.096 ± 0.055 h−1, t1/2β = 7.2 hours, where β is the exponential term from the elimination phase of the concentration vs time curve). Bioavailability after oral administration was 21.2 ± 10.8%. After the seventh orally administered dose, serum concentration of digoxin peaked 1 to 2 hours later, and was 1.9 ± 0.7 ng/ml (mean ± sd). In 4 horses, a second increase in serum digoxin concentration was observed 4 to 8 hours after the initial peak, which possibly was evidence of enterohepatic recycling of the drug.
Response to treatment included reduction in heart rate, peripheral edema, and pulmonary edema, but these could not be attributed to the digoxin alone because the horses were treated concurrently with furosemide.
Ibuprofen treatment of endotoxin-induced mastitis in cows
Authors: DeGraves Fred J. , Anderson Kevin L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Ibuprofen treatment was compared with saline solution treatment in an endotoxin-induced experimental model of bovine mastitis. Acute mastitis was induced in healthy lactating Holstein cows (n = 12) by intrammamary inoculation of 1 mg of Escherichia coli 026:B6 lipopolysaccharide in a single quarter per cow. Cows were assigned at random to ibuprofen (25 mg/kg of body weight, iv, n = 6) or 0.9% sodium chloride solution control (1.25 ml/kg, iv, n = 6) treatment groups. Ibuprofen or saline solution was administered once, 2 hours after endotoxin administration. The clinical course of endotoxin-induced mastitis and hematologic, clinical biochemical, and plasma mineral changes were monitored and compared between ibuprofen-treated and control cows. Clinical monitoring and blood sample collection were performed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 hours after endotoxin challenge.
Rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rates were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in saline treated cows, compared with cows treated with ibuprofen. Blood eosinophil count and serum phosphorus, sodium, and total carbon dioxide concentrations were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in saline-treated cows, compared with cows treated with ibuprofen. Ibuprofen treatment did not significantly change ruminations per minute, electrical conductivity of milk, quarter size, or quarter inflammation. The remaining hematologic, serum biochemical, plasma mineral, and coagulation values also were not changed significantly in response to ibuprofen treatment. Untoward effects attributed to ibuprofen administration were not observed. These results indicate that ibuprofen may provide empiric relief of clinical signs of coliform-induced mastitis.
Inhibition of myelopoiesis by serum from dogs exposed to estrogen
Authors: Farris Georgia M. , Benjamin Stephen A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The mechanism of estrogen-induced myelotoxicosis is unknown, although evidence indicates that estrogen does not directly damage the bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and that the thymus is a probable mediator of the bone marrow suppression. Estrogen-induced production of a myelopoiesis-inhibitory factor by canine thymic stromal cells in vitro has been observed. Then, presence of a myelopoiesis-inhibitory factor in canine serum was investigated immediately after estrogen administration in vivo. Maximal reduction in colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage growth by sera from individual dogs varied. Individual dog sensitivity to estrogen-induced myelotoxicosis is seen clinically, and the cause is unknown. This serum factor could have a role in the eventual bone marrow hypoplasia seen in estrogen-treated dogs and is possibly the same factor produced by cultured thymic stromal cells exposed to estrogen.
Effect of preanesthetic medication on ease of endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Donaldson Lydia L. , Leib Michael S. , Boyd Christie , Burkholder William , Sheridan Michael 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effects of preanesthetic medication on ease of duodenal endoscopic intubation in dogs was evaluated. One of 12 combinations of preanesthetic medications (using atropine, glycopyrrolate, morphine, meperidine, acepromazine, and 0.9% NaCl solution) was administered im to each of 12 dogs in a trial. Twelve endoscopic trials were performed so that each dog received each treatment combination once. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal administered iv and maintained with halothane vaporized in oxygen. Electrocardiographic recordings, indirect blood pressure measurements, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressures, and halothane concentrations were monitored during the anesthetic period. The ease with which the fiberoptic endoscope was passed into the proximal portion of the duodenum was qualitatively scored on the basis of time and maneuvering effort. None of the preanesthetic combinations made intubation of the duodenum significantly easier than that with 0.9% NaCl solution (control). Only the combmation of morphine and atropine induced gastropyloric conditions that resulted in significantly higher (more difficult) endoscopic scores than those after preanesthetic medication with 0.9% NaCl solution.
Production and characterization of VP4/VP7 reassortant swine rotaviruses derived from Gottfried and OSU parental strains
Authors: Hesse Richard A. , Couture Laurier P. , Ellsworth Steven R , Duhamel Gerald E. , Lu Wei , Dickinson Earl O. , Benfield David A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The ability of viral glycoproteins (vp) vp4/vp7 reassortant swine rotaviruses (rv) to induce cross-neutralizing antibody against parental serotypes was investigated in guinea pigs. Using selective culture conditions, we produced 10 reassortant viruses that contained gene segment 4 of the OSU rv strain and gene segment 9 of the Gottfried rv strain. These reassortant rv grew to high titer in cell culture and were neutralized by monospecific antisera against both parental rv strains. The reassortant rv were chemically inactivated with binary ethylenimine, adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide, and used to produce antisera in guinea pigs. The hyperimmune antisera had high neutralization titer against both parent rv strains. These results indicate that several of the reassortant rv may be capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies to vp4 and vp7 and may have future use as bivalent vaccine strains.
Effects of dietary protein and calorie restriction in clinically normal cats and in cats with surgically induced chronic renal failure
Authors: Adams Larry G. , Polzin David J. , Osborne Carl A. , O'Brien Timothy D. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To determine the effects of long-term dietary protein restriction in cats with chronic renal failure (crf), 4 healthy adult cats and 7 cats with surgically induced crf were fed a high-protein (hp, 51.7% protein) diet and 4 healthy adult cats and 7 cats with surgically induced crf were fed a low-protein (lp, 27.6% protein) diet for 1 year.
Cats with induced crf that were fed the lp diet had reduced serum urea nitrogen concentrations, despite lower glomerular filtration rates, compared with cats with crf fed the hp diet. Despite five-sixths reduction in renal mass, reduced glomerular filtration rate, and azotemia, 13 of the 14 cats with induced crf retained the ability to concentrate urine and produced urine with a specific gravity > 1.035.
Cats fed the hp diet consumed significantly more calories than did cats fed the lp diet, presumably because the hp diet was more palatable. As a result of the lower caloric intake in cats fed the lp diet, these cats were protein and calorie restricted, compared with cats fed the hp diet. Cats fed the hp diet weighed significantly more than did cats fed the lp diet. Mean hematocrit and mean serum albumin concentration were significantly lower in control cats and in cats with crf fed the lp diet, compared with control cats and cats with crf fed the hp diet.
Hypokalemia developed in 4 of 7 cats with crf fed the hp diet (containing 0.3% potassium); hypokalemia did not develop in control cats fed the same diet or in cats with crf fed the lp diet containing 0.4% potassium. Excessive kaliuresis, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic acidosis did not appear to contribute to the hypokalemia. Subsequent supplementation of the hp diet with potassium gluconate prevented hypokalemia in cats with crf.
Comparison of the effects on milk production of concurrent infection with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in high-and low-producing dairy goats
Authors: Hoste Herve , Chartier Christophe 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The impact of nematode parasitism of the digestive tract on milk output and milk quality was examined in dairy goats. In addition, the consequences of worm infection were compared in goats with different lactation performance (ie, with initial high or low milk production). Forty-eight goats in the second month of lactation were allotted equally to 2 groups. The first group was given 5,000 Haemonchus contortus and 20,000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. The 24 additional goats remained free of parasites. Parasitologic, serologic, and milk data were collected every 2 weeks for 5 months, and body condition of the goats was scored throughout the study. Results of strongyle egg count in feces, increase in pepsinogen values, and reduction in RBC count, pcv, and serum inorganic phosphate concentration indicated subclinical infection. This subclinical parasitism induced a decrease in body condition scoring and led to persistent decrease in milk yield, ranging from 2.5 to 10% reduction from control values. Changes in fat and protein contents were not detected. In contrast, the consequences of infection were more severe in the 6 goats with the highest milk production at the start of the study. Decrease in milk output ranged between 13.0 to 25.1%, and was associated with decrease in fat content. Comparison of the response to parasitism in the 6 goats with the highest lactation performance and the 6 goats with the lowest performance indicated differences between both subgroups. According to parasitologic and pathologic data, high-producer goats had less resistance and/or resilience to infection associated with more severe consequences on milk production.
Altered platelet indices in dogs with hypothyroidism and cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Sullivan Patrick , Gompf Rebecca , Schmeitzel Lynn , Clift Rose , Cottrell Marilyn , McDonald T. P. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Changes in platelet indices (platelet count and platelet size) and pcv associated with thyroid disease were studied in 7 dogs with hypothyroidism and 21 cats with hyperthyroidism that were admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. Compared with control (euthyroid) dogs, dogs with hypothyroidism had higher platelet count (P = 0.003), smaller platelet size (P = 0.01), and lower pcv (P = 0.02). Comparison of the group of hyperthyroid cats with a group of similarly aged, clinically normal cats with normal thyroxine values indicated that the group of hyperthyroid cats had significantly (P = 0.03) higher mean platelet size than did control cats, but differences were not found in mean platelet count or pcv. Results of this investigation indicate that the changes in platelet size reported in human beings with thyroid endocrinopathies also are found in animals so-affected. Although the pathogenesis of platelet abnormalities in animals with thyroid derangement is unclear and likely is multifactorial, the observed relation between platelet and erythrocyte production in this group of dogs is consistent with reports of an inverse relation between thrombocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis in iatrogenically hyperthyroid mice and in mice exposed to hypoxia.
Prevention of pathophysiologic and immunomodulatory effects of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in calves by use of strategic anthelmintic treatments
Authors: Yang C. , Gibbs H. C. , Xiao L. , Wallace C. R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Effects of strategic anthelmintic treatment on pathophysiologic and immunomologic changes induced by infection with Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora were studied in 2 groups, of 12 calves each: an infected group, inoculated with 200,000 mixed O ostertagi and C oncophora third-stage larvae (L3) on day 1; and an infected-treated group, similarly inoculated, but treated with ivermectin at 9 and 33 days. All calves were also inoculated at 12 weeks with Brucella abortus vaccine, at 13 weeks with bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine (bovine herpesvirus 1), and at 14 weeks with a soluble O ostertagi L3 extract, then were allowed to graze on a contaminated pasture. Four calves from each group were slaughtered at 7, 11, and 19 weeks of the study.
Calves of the infected group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower weight gain than did those in the infected-treated group (60.90 kg vs 75.86 kg). They also had high plasma pepsinogen and serum gastrin values, and low serum albumin concentration from 2 or 4 weeks. Calves in the infected-treated group had steady weight gain and no significant changes in albumin and gastrin values. They also had less severe abomasal lesions and higher carcass yield.
Compared with calves of the infected-treated group, those of the infected group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower blood lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin at 14 and 16 weeks, to concanavalin A at 10 weeks, to pokeweed mitogen at 14 weeks, and to soluble O ostertagi L3 extract at 2, 4, and 14 weeks. They also had significantly (P < 0.05) lower IgG1 concentration to excretory-secretory an tigens of the fourth-stage larvae of O ostertagi at 13, 18, and 19 weeks. In addition, they had significantly (P < 0.05) higher total mean eosinophil count. Antibody responses to B abortus and bovine herpesvirus 1, however, were not different between the 2 groups.
Alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine after xylazine or medetomidine administration in halothane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Lemke Kip A. , Tranquilli William J. , Thurmon John C. , Benson G. John , Olson William A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Eight dogs (12.5 to 21.5 kg) were assigned at random to each of 3 groups that were not given glycopyrrolate (hs, hx, hm) and to each of 3 groups that were given glycopyrrolate (hgs, hgx, hgm). Dogs were anesthetized with halothane (1.31% end-tidal concentration), and ventilation was controlled (PCO2 35 to 40 mm of Hg end-tidal concentration). Glycopyrrolate was administered iv and im at a dosage of 11 μg/kg of body weight, each. Saline solution, xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, im, or medetomidine (15 μg/ kg, im) was administered 10 minutes after baseline arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ade) determination. Redetermination of the ade at the same infusion rate was started 10 minutes after drug administration. Arrhythmogenic dose was determined by constant infusion of epinephrine at rates of 1.0 and 2.5 μg/kg/min. The ade was defined as the total dose of epinephrine inducing at least 4 ectopic ventricular depolarizations within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion or within 1 minute after the end of the infusion. Total dose was calculated as the product of infusion rate and time to arrhythmia. Statistical analysis of the differences between baseline ade and posttreatment ade for groups hs, hx, and hm was performed by use of one-way anova. Mean ± sem baseline ade values for groups hs, hx, and hm were 1.50 ± 0.11, 1.49 ± 0.10, and 1.57 ± 0.22 pg/kg, respectively, and for groups hgs, hgx, and hgm were 3.37 ± 0.61, 3.10 ± 0.75, and 3.04 ± 0.94 pg/kg, respectively. Differences for groups hs, hx, and hm were – 0.02 ± 0.15, – 0.00 ± 0.14, and – 0.21 ± 0.17 μg/kg, respectively, and for groups hgs, hgx, and hgm, were – 0.59 ± 0.26, – 0.41 ± 0.15, and – 0.58 ± 0.20 μg/kg, respectively. Differences among groups hs, hx, and hm, or among groups hgs, hgx, and hgm were not significant. We conclude that without and with cholinergic blockade in halothane-anesthetized dogs: preanesthetic dosages of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, im) or medetomidine (15 μg/kg, im) do not enhance arrhythmogenicity, and at these dosages, there is no difference in the arrhythmogenic potential of either α2-adrenoceptor agonist.
Low blood lead concentration associated with various biomarkers in household pets
Authors: Berny Philippe J. , Côté Louise M. , Buck William B. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A former secondary lead smelter was in operation in Granite City, Ill, until the early 1980s. As a result, the surrounding area is heavily contaminated with lead. Soil concentrations as high as 5,000 ppm have been measured in prior studies. Because of growing concerns about health defects associated with low levels of lead exposure in human beings, a major study has been conducted on people living in the area. The study reported here was a corollary to the human exposure study. Lead concentration was determined in 84 dogs and 26 cats in the town and ranged between < 5 and 28 μg/dl. None of the dogs had clinical signs of lead poisoning. The cbc and serum biochemical values did not indicate many significant differences between dogs with a high (> 10 μg/dl) or low blood lead concentration (blc). Hemoglobin concentrations were lower, and wbc counts were higher in dogs and cats with higher blc, but they were still within reference ranges. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration was determined. Normal values appeared to be similar for dogs and cats. Only animals with blc ≥ 20 μg/dl were found to have somewhat increased concentration of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. ∂-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was measured and found to be negatively correlated with blc. The relation was strong, even at low blc (5 to 10 μg/dl) in both species. Age or sex difference was not observed. Therefore, biological changes associated with low blc were limited to blc in the 10- to 30-μg/dl range.