bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse-by-pulse treatment planning and its application to generic observations of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy with photons and protons
Authors: Bedford James L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. The exact temporal characteristics of beam delivery affect the efficacy and outcome of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR or ‘FLASH’) radiotherapy, mainly due to the influence of the beam pulse structure on mean dose rate. Single beams may also be delivered in separate treatment sessions to elevate mean dose rate. This paper therefore describes a model for pulse-by-pulse treatment planning and demonstrates its application by making some generic observations of the characteristics of FLASH radiotherapy with photons and protons. Approach. A beam delivery model was implemented into the AutoBeam (v6.3) inverse treatment planning system, so that the individual pulses of the delivery system could be explicitly described during optimisation. The delivery model was used to calculate distributions of time-averaged and dose-averaged mean dose rate and the dose modifying factor for FLASH was then determined and applied to dose calculated by a discrete ordinates Boltzmann solver. The method was applied to intensity-modulated radiation therapy with photons as well as to passive scattering and pencil beam scanning with protons for the case of a simple phantom geometry with a prescribed dose of 36 Gy in 3 fractions. Main results. Dose and dose rate are highest in the target region, so FLASH sparing is most pronounced around the planning target volume (PTV). When using a treatment session per beam, OAR sparing is possible more peripherally. The sparing with photons is higher than with protons because the dose to OAR is higher with photons. Significance. The framework provides an efficient method to determine the optimal technique for delivering clinical dose distributions using FLASH. The most sparing occurs close to the PTV for hypofractionated treatments.
A dual-domain network with division residual connection and feature fusion for CBCT scatter correction
Authors: Yang Shuo , Wang Zhe , Chen Linjie , Cheng Ying , Wang Huamin , Bai Xiao , Cao Guohua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to propose a dual-domain network that not only reduces scatter artifacts but also retains structure details in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Approach. The proposed network comprises a projection-domain sub-network and an image-domain sub-network. The projection-domain sub-network utilizes a division residual network to amplify the difference between scatter signals and imaging signals, facilitating the learning of scatter signals. The image-domain sub-network contains dual encoders and a single decoder. The dual encoders extract features from two inputs parallelly, and the decoder fuses the extracted features from the two encoders and maps the fused features back to the final high-quality image. Of the two input images to the image-domain sub-network, one is the scatter-contaminated image analytically reconstructed from the scatter-contaminated projections, and the other is the pre-processed image reconstructed from the pre-processed projections produced by the projection-domain sub-network. Main results. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data demonstrate that our method can effectively reduce scatter artifacts and restore image details. Quantitative analysis using synthetic data shows the mean absolute error was reduced by 74% and peak signal-to-noise ratio increased by 57% compared to the scatter-contaminated ones. Testing on real data found a 38% increase in contrast-to-noise ratio with our method compared to the scatter-contaminated image. Additionally, our method consistently outperforms comparative methods such as U-Net, DSE-Net, deep residual convolution neural network (DRCNN) and the collimator-based method. Significance. A dual-domain network that leverages projection-domain division residual connection and image-domain feature fusion has been proposed for CBCT scatter correction. It has potential applications for reducing scatter artifacts and preserving image details in CBCT.
Construction of an invertible mapping to boundary conforming coordinates for arbitrarily shaped toroidal domains
Authors: Babin Robert , Hindenlang Florian , Maj Omar , Köberl Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Boundary conforming coordinates are commonly used in plasma physics to describe the geometry of toroidal domains, for example, in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium solvers. The magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium configuration can be approximated with an inverse map, defining nested surfaces of constant magnetic flux. For equilibrium solvers that solve for this inverse map iteratively, the initial guess for the inverse map must be well-defined and invertible. Even if magnetic islands are to be included in the representation, boundary conforming coordinates can still be useful, for example to parametrize the interface surfaces in multi-region, relaxed magnetohydrodynamics or as a general-purpose, field-agnostic coordinate system in strongly shaped domains. Given a fixed boundary shape, finding a valid boundary conforming mapping can be challenging, especially for the non-convex boundaries from recent developments in stellarator optimization. In this work, we propose a new algorithm to construct such a mapping, by solving two Dirichlet–Laplace problems via a boundary integral method. We can prove that the generated harmonic map is always smooth and has a smooth inverse. Furthermore, we can find a discrete approximation of the mapping that preserves this property.
A 3-DOF multi-mode parallel positioning platform utilizing piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid actuation
Authors: Zhang En , Liu Jia , Ma Jijie , Li Xinhui , Hu Yili , Li Jianping , Chen Kang , Wen Jianming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To improve the overall performance of 3-DOF parallel position platforms such as resolution, travel range, and linearity, this study proposes a novel compact piezoelectric–electromagnetic platform (PEP). The platform supports motion in

X
Y

θ
Z

directions and operates in three working types: high-speed mode, low-speed stepping mode, and high-precision positioning mode (HPM). The PEP utilizes signal control to switch modes, enabling tasks such as rapid movement, precise positioning, and fine position adjustments. It also supports object rotation for orientation adjustments. A theoretical model was developed to analyze the actuator’s working principle. A prototype was then fabricated, assembled, and tested through a series of experiments to evaluate its performance across the three modes. The experimental results demonstrate the following: the PEP achieves a resolution of 20 nm in HPM, continuous and stable minimum rotary step movement of 0.37 μrad, and a linear coupling of less than 3.14%. The maximum forward and backward speeds reach 2681 μm s−1 and 2697.5 μm s−1, respectively, under 100 VP-P and 300 Hz. The piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid structure proposed in this study not only simplifies structural design but also delivers excellent output performance.
Growth of (Cu,C)Ba2Ca2Cu3O9±δ thin films on flexible Hastelloy tapes
Authors: Ou Meng-Jun , Liu Yuecong , Wang Yi , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The applications of superconducting cable or magnet require that the superconductors are made into wires or tapes. For cuprate superconductors, this is a big challenge because of the friability and short coherence length of the materials; weak links are easy to be formed at the grain boundaries hindering the flowing of the supercurrent. One of the ways is to fabricate superconducting films on flexible metallic tapes with oxide buffer layers. The successful one so far is the REBa2Cu3O7 (RE = rare earth elements) films in tape form, as called the coated conductors. While the superconducting transition temperature of REBCO system is limited to around 90 K. Here we report the successful fabrication of another new non-toxic superconducting film, namely (Cu,C)Ba2Ca2Cu3O

9
±
δ

on these flexible metallic tapes with LaMnO3 and CeO2 as the top buffer layers. The onset superconducting transition occurs at 112 and 110 K, and the zero-resistance transition temperatures are about 96 and 98 K, respectively. The temperature dependent resistivity under magnetic fields in different directions reveals a relatively small anisotropy. Further optimization of the films will improve the zero resistance transition temperature, thus can also improve the characteristic properties for applications. Our results show that the (Cu,C)Ba2Ca2Cu3O

9
±
δ

is a promising candidate material for the high power applications in liquid nitrogen temperature region.
Wave structures and its evolution modeled by variant Mikhailov-Novikov-Wang equation
Authors: He Yalin , Kai Yue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we first transform the variant Mikhailov-Novikov-Wang equation into a corresponding dynamical system using the traveling wave transform. In order to derive the Gaussian soliton solutions of the equation, the generalized trial equation method is employed. We employ the complete discrimination system for polynomial method for qualitative analysis and concluded the existence of periodic and soliton solutions of the equation by exploring the relationship between the roots and coefficients of the polynomials without explicitly solving the solutions. Further quantitative analysis verifies these conclusions by presenting the corresponding solutions. Sensitivity evaluation is conducted via multiple situations using numerical simulations, which demonstrate how the initial conditions influence the evolution of the system. Additionally, chaotic phenomena are also discovered by introducing a perturbation term, confirming the presence of chaotic behavior. To the best of our awareness, this study is the first to explore the sensitivity and chaotic properties of this equation. Considering the significances of the equation in plasma physics and fluid dynamics, that we obtained can have the practical applications in the real-physical world.
Design of new chaotic system with multi-scroll attractor by using variable transformation and its application
Authors: Wang Shiya , He Jianbin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multi-scroll chaos exhibits complex dynamic behavior, the method of designing chaotic systems with multi-scroll attractor is an important research topic. Without any theoretical guidance, it is very difficult to obtain a new chaotic system, especially the multi-scroll chaotic system. In this paper, a class of new chaotic systems with n-scroll attractor is investigated by using variable transformation based on nth order polynomial of complex number. The Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagram, and topological horseshoe in the Poincaré cross-section of new chaotic systems are presented to rigorously prove the existence of chaos in the multi-scroll chaotic system with the assistance of computer simulation. Based on the proposed multi-scroll chaotic system, a new encryption algorithm is proposed for image information, and the simulation experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed encryption algorithm.
Spatio-temporal transformers for decoding neural movement control
Authors: Candelori Benedetta , Bardella Giampiero , Spinelli Indro , Ramawat Surabhi , Pani Pierpaolo , Ferraina Stefano , Scardapane Simone 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Deep learning tools applied to high-resolution neurophysiological data have significantly progressed, offering enhanced decoding, real-time processing, and readability for practical applications. However, the design of artificial neural networks to analyze neural activity in vivo remains a challenge, requiring a delicate balance between efficiency in low-data regimes and the interpretability of the results. Approach. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel specialized transformer architecture to analyze single-neuron spiking activity. The model is tested on multi-electrode recordings from the dorsal premotor cortex of non-human primates performing a motor inhibition task. Main results. The proposed architecture provides an early prediction of the correct movement direction, achieving accurate results no later than 230 ms after the Go signal presentation across animals. Additionally, the model can forecast whether the movement will be generated or withheld before a stop signal, unattended, is actually presented. To further understand the internal dynamics of the model, we compute the predicted correlations between time steps and between neurons at successive layers of the architecture, with the evolution of these correlations mirrors findings from previous theoretical analyses. Significance. Overall, our framework provides a comprehensive use case for the practical implementation of deep learning tools in motor control research, highlighting both the predictive capabilities and interpretability of the proposed architecture.
Ringing suppression design for pulse parameter controllable transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Ding Hongfa , He Zhou , Zhao Chengyue , Fang Xiao , Zhang Dandi , Liu Yingzhe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Pulse parameter controllable transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTMS) devices with fully-controlled semiconductor switches are increasingly being developed, but the primary waveform they generate is often accompanied by ringing, which is due to the resonance between the stimulation coil inductance and the snubber capacitors paired with the switches at the end of the pulse. This study provides a ringing suppression design method to effectively suppress it and reduce its impact on stimulation efficacy. Approach. A three-pronged design method is developed to suppress the ringing at its source. Firstly, laminated busbars are designed to connect main components, reducing parasitic inductance and thus decreasing the snubber energy requirement and the energy stored in the snubber capacitors, which is the main source of ringing energy. Secondly, the snubber circuit structure is improved by employing unidirectional snubber circuits to cut off the ringing loop. Lastly, a specially designed converter is used to transfer the energy stored in the snubber circuit, which to some extent represents the energy of the ringing, back to the cTMS storage capacitor. Main
results. The suppressed ringing duration has been significantly reduced from around 1000 μs to within 30 μs. The proposed method effectively suppresses ringing, making the realized waveform much closer to the ideal waveform, which minimizes the impact of ringing on the stimulation effect and reduces the uncontrollable deviation between the actual activated region and the ideal target activation region. Significance. The method can be easily transferred to other cTMS devices, enhancing the controllability of stimulation efficacy.
Quantitative attribution of 2016 extreme arctic warmth: comparison between late winter and early spring
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Fan Ke , He Shengping , Zhang Tuantuan , Deng Yi , Yang Song , Chen Deliang , Deng Kaiqiang , Yu Wei , Tian Baoqiang , Cheung Hoffman H N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A deep, large-scale warmth occurred in the Arctic from January to April 2016, but the roles of various physical processes in this period have not been quantified. Here, we utilize an updated version of the coupled atmosphere‒surface climate feedback response analysis method to quantitatively attribute the extreme warmth. Our results show distinct characteristics associated with the warm anomaly in January‒February and March‒April. This extreme Arctic warmth is largely explained by the positive contributions of atmospheric dynamics, which are dominated by horizontal advection in January‒February and by adiabatic heating and vertical terms in March‒April. Compared with January‒February, an increase in solar radiation leads to an enhanced positive contribution from surface albedo processes in March‒April. Water vapor processes provide considerable positive contribution during both periods. In contrast, surface dynamic processes provide positive contribution in January‒February but negative contribution in March‒April, while cloud processes provide nearly negative contribution during both periods, primarily through their longwave effects.
Morphometric Analysis in Developing Soil and Water Conservation of Microwatershed
Authors: Anggraini E , Yuliastuti N , Budihardjo M A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Agriculture is developing rapidly in tropical regions. Land use changes from gardens to vegetable cultivation have contributed to exacerbated floods in Ponorogo. Land use changes that trigger the destructive flood power need to be conserved. The microwatershed is the first ditch water catchment area with more than 15% land slope and less than 5000 ha. The research location is in Puteran Sub Watershed in Krisik Village, Pudak District, Ponorogo Regency. The aim of the research is to analyze the biophysical characteristics of microwatersheds for developing soil and water conservation. The method used is morphometric analysis and literature study of soil and water conservation types. The results of the morphometric analysis show that the Puteran Subwatershed has 40 micro watersheds. The biophysical characteristics of microwatersheds are dominated by erosive land, responsive to rain, and almost have short flow duration. The conservation method is intended to decrease water flow, facilitate infiltration, and mitigate the risk of landslides. Conservation development uses bioengineering check dams, specifically wicker check dams combined with Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) and Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica).
Examining factors of household’ waste sorting behaviour in an urban area: A case study in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Khafid Rifai Muhamad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Examining and investigating household’ waste sorting behaviour (WSB) is essential as strategy to optimize solid waste management (SWM). This research was conducted to examine the internal and external factors influencing WSB in Sidoarjo regency. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the norm activation model (NAM) applied to investigate, since each area its own “psychological” characters. By utilizing questionnaires from 190 household respondents distributed in 18 sub-districts, it will be analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0.9.6. Further, adding “government support” as an external moderator and “knowledge” is expected to improve the predictive power of the WSB. The results showed that the personal norms not only could be a significant influence but also significantly increased the mediating factors (i.e. attitude, social norms, awareness of consequences, perceived behavioural control, knowledge) toward WSB. Meanwhile, local government support was shown to have significant direct effect but was unexpectedly shown to have no indirect effect as moderator influencing PN towards WSB. It indicated that the role of government targeting “residents’ awareness” in the form of programs related to intervention or environmental management is less perceived. It implied that regulators should target environmental education and effective policy-making to boost residents to be more positive toward WSB in reducing the waste generation problem.
Wastewater reuse for irrigation using constructed wetland in Jamblang Irrigation Area, Cirebon, Indonesia
Authors: Herwindo Wildan , Sekaring Bumi Ingerawi , Iryanti Yuny , Nilam Kamilia Setiyono Diar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Natural stone industry wastewater causes water pollution to the Jamblang River, the main water source of 2,200 hectares of rice fields in the Jamblang Irrigation Area, Palimanan District, Cirebon Regency, Indonesia. This water pollution can result in a decrease in rice productivity due to contamination of water sources. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve water quality so that polluted water can be reused for rice field irrigation. Reusing wastewater is a solution to facing the problem of increasing water demand and water scarcity, it also can make a significant contribution for controlling pollutants in the environment. In this research, a treatment prototype was built to improve the quality of natural stone industry wastewater, then it can be reused for rice field irrigation. The treatments consists of initial treatment in the form of a coarse filter using bamboo and a fine filter using a mosquito ram, primary treatments with a sand trap, and secondary and tertiary treatment using artificial wetlands. The results of the research show that based on 15 parameters, the efficiency of reducing pollutants in improving water quality is between 8% - 99%, especially for the TSS, COD, Total Phosphate, and Fecal Coliform parameters that can meet class II water quality requirements for irrigation.
Examining legal tools in encouraging the achievement of net zero emission: A way forward for Indonesia
Authors: Sentot Sudarwanto Albertus , Daryanti  
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Legal instruments in the context of climate change function to encourage all actors to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through advanced efforts, one of which is the use of technology and other Low Carbon policies. The Indonesian Government’s current advanced efforts through policies include building the largest solar power plant in Southeast Asia, tax exemptions on electric vehicles, and the implementation of carbon trading as a form of organising the economic value of carbon integrated in the forestry and energy sectors to achieve net zero emissions. Some other challenges occur such as the policy gap in Indonesia and innovation and knowledge in the development of technology transfer results. Based on the results of the policy instrument analysis, this research encourages a progressive legal future for sustainable development goals in Indonesia in the form of a special climate change law and a special agency that includes the achievement of targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The spatial layout in vintage houses of Kauman Surakarta in shaping local identity
Authors: Musyawaroh Musyawaroh , Marlina Avi , Pramesti Leny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research tells that the house’s layout is an essential symbol for the continuity of Kauman culture. It expresses traditional values and historical riches in preserving Kauman’s unique, sustainable culture, “Kampung Santri Juragan Batik”. The research focuses to analyze how the layout and design of ancient houses reflect and influence local identity on its historical and cultural environment. This research uses rationalistic qualitative methods through observation, interviews, and interactive analysis. It reveals that the continuity of Kauman culture, is symbolized by the layout of the house and the activities that occur in it. The ancient Kauman house was formed from an initial spatial pattern, such as the Kampung Abdi Dalem Ulama of the Surakarta Palace. Despite facing the challenges of modernization, the Kauman people show their dedication to preserve local identity through their cultural heritage independently and sustainably. These findings provide in-depth insight between the interaction between the spatial layout of cultural heritage houses and local identity and provide a basis for management strategies. It should give more benefits for the Conservation of Sustainable Cultural Heritage Areas in Kauman Surakarta as a living and relevant cultural heritage.