bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blindsight: Implications for the Conscious Experience of Emotion
Authors: Weiskrantz Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blindsight refers to residual visual function in the field defects caused by damage to striate cortex in primates, including both monkeys and humans. That there should be a remaining visual capacity is not, in itself, surprising because there are nine targets in the brain other than the striate cortex receiving inputs from the retina—admittedly, over much smaller pathways than the geniculo-striate pathway, but by no means trivial. Together, in fact, these pathways constitute five times as many fibers as the intact auditory nerve. It is not surprising, therefore, that animals in which the striate cortex has been removed can still carry out a range of visual discriminations. The capacity is altered both quantitatively and qualitatively, but still can be quite impressive. What is surprising is that humans with such damage say they do not see in their field defects. But using tests formally akin to those we must use with animals, good discriminative function can be demonstrated (Miller et al., 1980; Schilder et al., 1972; see also reviews by Weiskrantz, 1986, 1996). These tests involve routines such as forced-choice guessing between alternative unseen stimuli (e.g., their orientation, color, form, movement, presence or absence of bars on a grating used to measure acuity) or manually reaching for the unseen target, or saccading to it (Barbur et al., 1980, 1988; Blythe et al., 1986, 1987; Poppel et al., 1973; Stoerig & Cowey, 1992; Weiskrantz, 1986; Weiskrantz et al., 1974).
The Semantics of Classification in Koyukon Athabaskan
Authors: Axelrod Melissa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aspectual system of Koyukon' is perhaps the most elaborate of the Atha- baskan languages. It has a complex network of four modes, 15 aspects, four superaspects, four postaspectual derivations, and some 300 aspect-dependent derivational prefix strings, allowing thousands of distinct and very precise characterizations regarding the time frame and type of verbal notion expressed.
Many Voices, Many Claims: 1950–1965
Authors: Opdycke Sandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout Bellevue Hospital’s history, its status as a public institution had required it to respond, not only to the needs of its patients, but also to the needs and demands of the surrounding city. Fulfilling this broader obligation had inspired a variety of policies in different eras, ranging from the training of midwives in 1910 to negotiating with labor unions in the 1930s. But perhaps no time period illustrated more vividly than the 1950s and 1960s the diversity of the demands on Bellevue and the practical implications of the hospital’s responsiveness to those demands. One incident sets the tone for the era.
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Memory Training
Authors: Hill Robert , Bäckman Lars 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A difficult issue that adults typically face as they as they grow older, and especially as they move into very late life, is declining memory function. However, the magnitude of age-related memory deficits varies across different forms of memory. Specifically, whereas performance in tasks assessing semantic memory, primary memory, procedural memory, and various forms of priming tends to be relatively little affected by the normal aging process, age-related impairments are legion in tasks assessing episodic memory (see Bäckman, Small, &Larsson, in press; Craik & Jennings, 1992, for reviews). Specific examples of this kind of memory loss include forgetting names and faces, misplacing important objects (e.g., house keys), forgetting telephone numbers, missing appointments, and even losing the train of a conversation in a social setting (e.g., Bolla, Lindgren, Bonaccorsy, & Bleecker, 1991).
Innovative Approaches to Memory Training for Older Adults
Authors: West Robin L , Welch Duana C , Yassuda Monica S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Memory training programs designed to enhance the memory abilities of older adults have been part of the experimental aging literature for decades. The earliest known publication involved the training of mediational strategies for paired-associate learning (Hulicka & Grossman, 1967). Probably long before that, individual clinicians or nurses were offering information about memory to their patients and clients. The purpose of this chapter is not to review the training programs that have been tested over the last three decades, but to focus on recent innovations in the programming of memory interventions for older adults. For the most part, these innovations have been tried but not yet proven, having been applied only in a handful of studies. Our purpose here is to spark the interest of scholars of the aging process, encouraging the pursuit of new directions in cognitive rehabilitation for older adults.
Executive Function and Cognitive Rehabilitation
Authors: Elias Jeffrey W , Treland Julia E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Researchers and practitioners have become increasingly aware that executive cognitive functions (ECFs) appear to choreograph abilities such as insight, planning, problem solving, and motivation into the goal-directed behavior required for daily living. Deficits in ECFs are common and result in specific behavioral and affective impairments that impact an individual’s cognition and ability to participate in rehabilitation. Irritability, mood swings, disorganization, apathy, indifference, and inattention are some of the manifestations of ECF deficits. Impaired ECFs due to head injury, stroke, disease process, or normal aging challenges both physical and cognitive rehabilitation. For effective rehabilitation treatment and discharge planning, it is essential for the practitioner to anticipate and recognize impaired ECFs in the client. In this chapter, we will discuss definitions of ECF, its anatomical correlates, the assessment of ECF, behavior associated with ECF impairment, and issues related to cognitive rehabilitation.
The Influence of Depression on Cognitive Rehabilitation in Older Adults
Authors: Pachana Nancy A , Marcopulos Bernice A , Takagi Kellie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders experienced by older adults (Alexopoulos, Young, Meyers, Abrams, & Shamoian, 1988) and remains a major health concern (National Institute of Health [NIH], 1992). Depressive symptoms have been estimated to occur in 10–25% of community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and over, and in 30% of older adults in residential care settings (Blazer, 1993). Depression and its symptoms are frequently underreported in the elderly (Ly ness et al., 1995), and depression remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in this population (NIH, 1992). The distinctions between forms of depression in the elderly (early- vs. late-onset; clinical vs. subclinical manifestations of symptoms) is a focus of ongoing research. What has emerged from the research literature is a profile of depressive symptomatology among older adults that often includes complaints of cognitive dysfunction.
Historical Notes on Reorganization of Function and Neuroplasticity
Authors: Benton Arthur , Tranel Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spontaneous recovery of function after a disabling injury or illness must have been quite evident to observers since time immemorial. Early physicians and natural scientists had no great difficulty accounting for the phenomenon. Both natural and supernatural forces were considered to be quite capable of determining the course of disease, for better or for worse. Thus Hippocratic medicine generally ascribed unexpected recovery to the “healing power of nature” (vis naturae medicatrix in the Latin terminology). “Nature is the healer of disease… It is nature itself that finds the way; though untaught and uninstructed, it does what is proper” (Epidemics VI, 5; cited by Neuburger, 1926, and Castiglione, 1958). Through the ages, the large element of truth in this doctrine has been amply confirmed. Neuburger (1926) provided a detailed account of its promulgation and interpretation by leading figures in medicine from antiquity to the middle of the 19th century. The recent rise of alternative medicine, which is striving in some cases for more or less equal footing with conventional medicine, is another testimonial to the power of this position.
Cognitive Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury: Results of Posttraumatic Experimental Interventions
Authors: Hamm Robert J , Temple Meredith D , Buck Aeanne L , Deford S Michelle , Floyd Candace L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews experimental work on posttraumatic interventions aimed at improving cognitive recovery.* Its scope is limited to animate models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which injury is mechanically induced to the whole brain and is non penetrating. Also, the interventions tested must have been initiated after the injury and continued for a period of time following the injury (usually several days). To provide a context for these experimental studies, we give a brief summary of some the features of human head injury.
Motor Rehabilitation, Use-Related Neural Events, and Reorganization of the Brain After Injury
Authors: Schallert Timothy , Bland Sondra T , Leasure J Leigh , Tillerson Jennifer , Gonzales Rueben , Williams Lawrence , Aronowski Jaroslaw , Grotta James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, investigations of functional recovery following brain injury have focused on treatments that can prevent tissue loss by arresting or reversing early events. This view is driven by the assumption that neural changes permit or mediate behavioral outcomes. However, recent research suggests that neural and behavioral events may interact reciprocally to affect recovery of function following some types of brain damage. In designing experimental investigations of potentially useful treatments for brain injury, it is becoming increasingly important to acknowledge this reciprocal brain-behavior relationship.
Spatial Cognitive Development Following Prenatal or Perinatal Focal Brain Injury
Authors: Stiles Joan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A long-standing question in the study of development following early focal brain injury is whether it is possible to document specific disorders associated with early localized brain injury. Early studies indicated that the consequences of early focal brain injury are minimal. From these data it appeared that children are quite resilient, in comparison with adults, in that they recover, or more precisely acquire, cognitive functioning following injury to the brain that would leave adults permanently impaired (Alajouanine & Lhermitte, 1965; Brown & Jaffe, 1975; Carlson et al., 1968; Gott, 1973; Hammill & Irwin, 1966; Krashen, 1973; Lenneberg, 1967; McFie, 1961; Reed & Reitan, 1971).
Cerebral Reorganization in Children with Congenital Hemiplegia: Evidence from the Dichotic Listening Test
Authors: Carlsson Göran , Hugdahl Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The best evidence of cerebral reorganization in humans includes the amazingly well-spared language functions after early left-sided brain lesions. Although clinical and experimental studies have revealed that language functions are lateralized to the left hemisphere and nonverbal, visuospatial functions are controlled by the right hemisphere (Bogen, 1969, 1985; Rasmussen & Milner, 1977; Sperry, 1974), language functions may shift to the right intact hemisphere after an early left-sided brain lesion (e.g., Milner, 1974). It has been confirmed that language functions are generally spared in cases of early unilateral brain lesions regardless of the cause or location of the lesion (Aram & Eisele, 1992; Dennis & Whitaker, 1977). However, nonverbal functions are generally impaired regardless of the location of the lesion (LeVere et al., 1988; Nass et al., 1989).
Tronscroniol Magnetic Stimulation as a Tool for Detecting Changes in the Organization of the Human Motor System After Central and Peripheral Lesions
Authors: Wassermann Eric M , Cohen Leonardo G , Hallett Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was introduced by Barker and colleagues in 1985 (1985a, 1985b, 1985c) and rapidly gained popularity as a painless and non-invasive means of brain stimulation, largely replacing transcranial electrical stimulation, which had been developed a few years earlier (Merton et al., 1980) and which, while effective, was painful. Over the years, TMS has gained a place in the armamentarium of electrodiagnostic medicine. However, its chief contribution has been as a tool for clinical and basic neurophysiologists investigating the human motor system in health and disease.
Whitman and the Visual Arts
Authors: Tarbell Roberta K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Walt Whitman and his writings were shaped by the architecture, art, and artists of his time. Some of the most exciting insights into Whitman have arisen from recent analyses his connectedness to international perspectives in the fine arts. During the 1990s, scholars have discerned and published far more about the interrelationships between Whitman and the visual arts than they had in the first hundred years after his death. During his years as a journalist in New York City, Whitman was directly involved in the arts: he attended countless operatic, the atrical, and musical performances, frequented art galleries, befriended many artists, understood the global perspectives they represented, and critiqued them in his newspaper columns. During those years, Whitman was immersed in the form and content of colloquialisms, popular fiction, and mass media used in the service of democracy. During his late years, artists came to Camden, New Jersey, to pay homage to the aging bard and often returned to create a portrait of him. Whitman’s writings continue to authenticate creative urges upwelling in writers and artists and to give them courage to break free from whatever fetters bind their originality. His faith in America and American art is as important today as when he first expressed it.
Whitman the Democrat
Authors: Cmiel Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Walt Whitman is America’s democrat. For the last 150 years, “ters have pointed to the poet, quoted from Leaves of d announced, “This is the best America can do!” Proessive reformers early in the century, New Dealers and communists in the 1930s, and gay rights’ activists in our own day have all found Whitman friendly to their cause. Yet turning the poet into an icon can create its own problems. What sort of democrat was Whitman? What did he believe in? The poet has been tagged in many ways: radical democrat, socialist, liberal democrat, plebeian democrat, Jacobin, republican, artisanal republican. Which are accurate? What were Whitman’s politics?
Emerson, Nature, and Natural Science
Authors: Rossi William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ralph Waldo Emerson lived through a time when the physical environment was extraordinarily transformed, no less than the broadly cultural forms through which his contemporaries conceived experienced nature. The emergence of agricultural and industrial capitalism, and the rapid population growth they stimulated, dramatically changed both urban Boston and, eventually, rural Concord landscapes.1 While these transformations are registered only obliquely in Emerson’s writing about nature, their effect, if only in affording him a measure of physical comfort and reflective detachment, can hardly be overestimated.
Edgar Allan Poe, 1809–1849
Authors: Kennedy J Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the nation’s capital awaited the inauguration of James Madison as fourth president of the United States, Edgar e was born in Boston, on January 19, 1809, the second son of actor David Poe Jr. and actress Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe. David Poe Sr., Edgar’s paternal grandfather, was of Irish American stock and had been a major in the American Revolution, serving as assistant deputy-quartermaster general for Balti more. Of English origin, Eliza came to America in 1796 with her mother, also an actress. Nine months after Edgar’s birth, hard drinking David Poe made his last theatrical performance, and he apparently abandoned his family soon after the birth of daughter Rosalie in December 18IO. Presumably he died of consumption (tuberculosis) a year later. Entrusting her elder son, Henry (b. 1807), to the care of relatives in Baltimore, Eliza Poe—a favorite with audiences—struggled valiantly to sustain her theatrical career in Charleston, Norfolk, and Richmond with two small children in tow. In failing health she made her final stage appearance in Richmond on October u, 18u; she died there of consumption on December 8. Orphaned by two itinerant stage per formers, Poe in later life sometimes tried to obscure his humble origins, although he faithfully preserved a locket containing a miniature painting of his mother.
Functional Consequences of Congenital Cerebellar Dysmorphologies and Acquired Cerebellar Lesions of Childhood
Authors: Dennis Maureen , Hetherington C Ross , Spiegler Brenda J , Barnes Marcia A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plasticity is a general property of the central nervous system. It is the brain’s response to solving functional problems as they arise in both damaged and un damaged neural substrates. In the normally and abnormally developing brain, plas ticity is the neurodevelopmental manifestation of the interaction between maturational and environmental forces. Plasticity may be analyzed at the level of brain microstructure (axonal regrowth, axonal rerouting) or brain macrostructure in immature or mature organisms and at the level of brain function or behavior. At the level of brain microstructure, synaptic plasticity within a neural network is re sponsible for the alterations in brain function responsible for learning and memory (Teyler et al., 1995). At a behavioral level, plasticity is the putative mechanism for emerging competencies and skill acquisition (Greenough et al., 1993).
Biological and Behavioral Heterogeneity in Autism: Roles of Pleiotropy and Epigenesis
Authors: Courchesne Eric , Yeung-Courchesne Rachel , Pierce Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Infantile autism stands as one of the most common neurobiological disorders of infancy and early childhood, occurring in 1 of 1,000 individuals (Bresnahan et al., 1998). Among the different developmental disorders, autism is one of the most severe, involving abnormalities in sensory, motor, attention, memory, speech, language, social, and affective functions (Table 13-1).
A Global Ethic for Global Politics and Econotnics
Authors: Küng Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the twentieth century draws to a close and the rush to globalization gathers momentum, political and economic considerations are crowding out vital ethical questions about the shape of our future. Now, Hans Küng, one of the world's preeminent Christian theologians, explores these issues in a visionary and cautionary look at the coming global society. How can the new world order of the twenty first century avoid the horrors of the twentieth? Will nations form a real community or continue to aggressively pursue their own interests? Will the Machiavellian approaches of the past prevail over idealism and a more humanitarian politics? What role can religion play in a world increasingly dominated by transnational corporations? Küng tackles these and many other questions with the insight and moral authority that comes from a lifetime's devotion to the search for justice and human dignity. Arguing against both an amoral realpolitik and an immoral resurgence of laissez faire economics, Küng defines a comprehensive ethic founded on the bedrock of mutual respect and humane treatment of all beings that would encompass the ecological, legal, technological, and social patterns that are reshaping civilization. If we are going to have a global economy, a global technology, a global media, Küng argues, we must also have a global ethic to which all nations, and peoples of the most varied backgrounds and beliefs, can commit themselves. "The world," he says, "is not going to be held together by the Internet." For anyone concerned about the world we are creating, A Global Ethic for Global Politics and Economics offers equal measures of informed analysis, compassionate foresight, and wise counsel.
American Domesticity
Authors: McHugh Kathleen Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the cult of domesticity to the Semiotics of the Kitchen, housekeeping has been central to both constructing and critiquing the role of women in American society. Frequently domesticity's style has been to make invisible the labor that produces it, allowing woman to be asserted or argued about in universal terms that downplay race, class, and material relations. American Domesticity considers this relationship in representations of domesticity and domestic labor over the last two centuries in didactic, cinematic, and feminist texts. While the domestic is usually conceived of as the antithesis of the public, economical, and political, Kathleen McHugh demonstrates how domestic discourse established the terms within which the most crucial national issues--the market economy, universal white male suffrage, slavery, the construction of racial difference, consumerism, spectatorship, desire, and even feminism--were conceived, assimilated, and understood. Beginning in the nineteenth century, the book investigates the historical roots of domestic labors invisibility in widely circulated didactic housekeeping manuals written by Lydia Child, Catherine Beecher, Mary Pattison, and Christine Frederick. It then considers how pedagogical discourses became entertainment discourses, their focus shifting from the silent era of film to the twilight of the classical period. The book concludes with an examination of the return of a pedagogical impulse within feminist film production concerning domesticity, comparing it to the concurrent rise of feminist film theory in the academy. Looking at this wide range of print and film texts, McHugh traces the outlines of a discourse of domesticity that claims to be private and universal but instead brokers difference within the public sphere.
Jackson’s Final Writings on Aphasiology
Authors: Critchley Macdonald , Critchley Eileen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first issue of the journal Brain, under the editorship of Sir James Crichton-Browne, was dated 1878–1879 (see Chapter 18). Jackson was a member of the Board of Editorial Assistants, and he contributed a lengthy, somewhat diffuse and obscure paper entitled “Affections of Speech from Disease of the Brain.” With characteristic modesty, Jackson acknowledged the work of various British neurologists who had written about disordered speech. These included Broadbent, Wilks, Gairdner, Moxon and Ferrier. Others mentioned were Bastian, William Ogle, John W. Ogle, Watson, Ireland, Robertson and Bristowe.
Maternal Ancestry—the Hughlings
Authors: Critchley Macdonald , Critchley Eileen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Dr. Jackson was, on his mother’s side, of Welsh descent; he mentioned it with pleasure, which was, I believe, increased when I reminded him that the same was the case with Milton.” The simple statement that Sarah Jackson (née Hughlings) was of Welsh origin has been repeated by many authors, but none has added anything to those words nor provided any other information about John Hughlings Jackson’s maternal line. In fact, Sarah Hughlings’s ancestors came from the county of Radnorshire (now called Powys) in Wales. Both her paternal and her maternal forebears lived in tiny neighbouring villages which lie close to the Radnor Forest and near to the small towns of Llandrindod Wells and Knighton.