bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteroviruses in the recreational waters of Lake Orta
Authors: Maiello A. , Guidetti A. , Poncetta D. , Ossola O. , Guidetti L. , Buttinelli G. , Fiore L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe water quality of Lake Orta was evaluated for recreational use. This lake was the only Italian lake to undergo a ‘liming treatment’ which neutralizes water acidity by adding carbonates. Chemical, bacteriological and virological parameters were monitored for 3 years after the treatment ended. Chemical and bacteriological studies were performed according to national standard methods (DPR 470/82) whereas F′ specific bacteriophage were enumerated according to an international standard (ISO 10705–1). Enteroviruses were detected by the observation of a cytophatic effect on buffalo green monkey cultures. Also, the possibility of applying molecular biological techniques for enterovirus detection directly to waters concentrated without previous isolation of viruses in cell culture was verified. The sensitivity, specificity and feasibility of both methods were evaluated. The association between the direct detection of enteroviruses and the indirect indication of their presence by the presence of bacteriophages, and the relationship between bacteriophage presence and bacteriological contamination were also evaluated. In the course of surveillance, none of the samples infringed the law with respect to the physical–chemical parameter (pH < 6). As far as bacteriological characteristics were concerned, 16.6% of the samples taken in 1993 infringed the law, as well as 19.4% of samples in 1994 and 19.4% in 1995. The level of faecal coliforms most frequently exceeded the given limits. The detection test for enteroviruses was positive in 5.1% of the samples using the traditional method with cell culture, and it was positive in 7.6% using the antigen capture polymerase chain reaction (AC‐PCR) method directly applied to concentrated waters, indicating the feasibility and a higher sensitivity of the AC‐PCR method compared to cell culture. Bacteriophages were present in all the samples that were positive in the virological analysis, as well as in 46.7% of negative samples.
Large freshwater lakes in arid Australia: A review of their limnology and threats to their future
Authors: Timms Brian V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLarge freshwater lakes in Australia’s arid zone are episodic due to highly variable inflows from allogenic rivers. A few receive enough inflow almost yearly to be permanent, despite large losses from high evaporation. Biodiversity is high, with most taxonomic groups represented, and is largely endemic at the continental scale. There is almost no regional endemism, which is at variance with other major aquatic habitat types in Australia. Abundance fluctuates greatly, with invertebrates and fish booming and busting with floodwater input, but birds generally reach greatest numbers later in the cycle as they gather on the more persistent waters. Invertebrate assemblages are influenced by the degree of lake permanence, turbidity and salinity, providing a temporally variable mosiac of environments throughout a lake system and between systems and with time. Unlike other groups, fish are not speciose, but are important predators in most systems with breeding coinciding with flooding. This favours native species against exotics in the Coongie Lakes but, in the Paroo, exotics are common in permanent waters. Waterbirds are the very obvious components in these variable systems, using their resources for feeding and breeding. Most are extremely nomadic to take advantage of the variable habitat. Two of the most important lake systems, the Coongie Lakes on Cooper Creek and the Paroo lakes in the northwestern Murray Darling catchment, are threatened by water abstraction upstream for irrigation, so that important habitat may be lost. In addition, the lakes will become less variable and, so, possibly compromise their character with cascading effects through the ecosystem. Some smaller lakes are adversely impacted by accelerated sedimentation.
Predicting mortality in patients with malarial acute renal failure
Authors: Westerlund Eli K , Wilairatana Polrat , Looareesuwan Sornchai , Vannaphan Suparp , Krudsood Srivicha , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Srisuriya Pranee , Aikawa Masamichi , Gordeuk Victor R , Brittenham Gary M , Neild Guy H 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III scores, calculated within the first 24 h of admission, were analysed in 108 patients with acute renal failure due to falciparum malaria who were admitted to Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Thailand. Twelve (11.1%) patients died. The mean APACHE III score was 82.0 ± 25.5 (range, 45–171). There was a close relation between the APACHE III score and the hospital mortality rate. The non‐survivors had significantly higher APACHE III scores than the survivors, 109.8 ± 36.7 and 75.7 ± 21.6, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients with APACHE III score ≥ 82 had a 4.2‐fold higher risk of dying compared with patients with a lower score (95% CI 1.2–14.7; P = 0.013). Haemodialysis treatment was performed in 97 (89.8%) of the patients. The mean APACHE III score for patients who were not treated with haemodialysis (95.9 ± 38.0) was not significantly higher than those who received haemodialysis (80.4 ± 23.5; P > 0.05), but the former had a 4.4‐times higher risk of dying compared with those dialysed (95% CI 1.6–12.3; P = 0.019). Using the APACHE III score and its ability to predict death, we calculated its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to be 0.92, 0.31 and 0.41, respectively, at a cut‐off score of 67 points. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.75. The APACHE III scoring system correlated well with the outcome of critically ill malaria patients with acute renal failure, although it was not possible to identify individual survivors or non‐survivors. APACHE III should not be used for individual prognosis or treatment decisions.
Anaemia of renal failure: Differences between continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis
Authors: Fernández A , Guindeo MC , Molero T , Domínguez C , Hortal L , Pérez‐Borges P , Jímenez S , Navarro M , Perdomo M , Vega N , Palop L 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:A cross‐sectional study was performed to assess a series of parameters, especially those related to iron status, that may account for differences in the anaemia of patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and haemodialysis (HD). Patients on CAPD (n = 37) and on haemodialysis (n = 27) were selected on the basis of clinical stability and absence of factors that may interfere with iron metabolism. Parameters measured included routine haematological and biochemical profile; serum iron metabolism (serum iron, transferrin saturation capacity, transferrin saturation index, serum ferritin); erythrocyte ferritin; bone marrow erythroid components and semiqualitative analysis of iron deposits in the bone marrow. The CAPD patients showed higher levels of haemoglobin and transferrin saturation capacity as well as lower serum ferritin than patients on haemodialysis. In the bone marrow, CAPD patients had a higher percentage of red blood cells and in those with low iron‐containing macrophages a higher percentage of sideroblasts than the haemodialysis group. Erythrocyte ferritin levels were similar in both groups. These data suggest more efficient iron metabolism in CAPD patients than in patients on haemodialysis.
Studies on the effects of gentamicin on rat metanephric development in vitro
Authors: Cullen Luise A , Young Richard J , Bertram John F 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Reduced nephron endowment has been associated with increased risk of developing essential hypertension and chronic renal failure. Both in vivo and in vitro exposure of developing rat metanephroi to gentamicin has been reported to inhibit metanephric development resulting in reduced nephron endowment. The aim of the present study was to confirm that gentamicin results in reduced nephron endowment in vitro, and to extend understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this reduced endowment. Embryonic day 14 (E14) rat metanephroi were cultured for up to 4 days in serum‐free medium with or without 50 μg/mL gentamicin. Metanephroi cultured in the presence of gentamicin were 25% smaller than control metanephroi after 2 days culture and 30% smaller after 4 days (P < 0.001). This decrease in total metanephric volume was reflected in reduced volumes of ureteric duct epithelium, mesenchyme/interstitium and nephron epithelia. The reduced volume of ureteric duct epithelium in gentamicin‐treated metanephroi was associated with a 30% reduction in the number of ureteric duct branch points at 2 days. Metanephroi cultured with gentamicin contained 20% fewer glomeruli than control metanephroi (P < 0.005) at 4 days. These glomeruli were 30% smaller than control glomeruli (P < 0.05). Qualitative observations of Pax‐2 immunostained mesenchymal condensates indicated no difference in condensate size, location or morphology. These results confirm that in vitro exposure of developing rat metanephroi to gentamicin results in reduced nephron endowment. The defect in nephrogenesis centres around the inhibition of ureteric duct branching.
Mechanisms of renal disease in indigenous populations: influences at work in Canadian indigenous peoples
Authors: Dyck Roland F 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Canadian aboriginal people experience end‐stage renal disease at rates 2.5–4 times higher than those found in the general population. Up to 60% of cases are due to diabetic end‐stage renal disease, while most of the remainder are caused by a variety of types of glomerulonephritis. The greatest increase in cases of end‐stage renal disease among aboriginal people since 1981 has been observed in those with diabetes. There appear to be three major contributing influences to the increase in diabetic end‐stage renal disease among Canadian aboriginal people. First, the rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus have increased from virtually zero to several times those seen in the general population in less than 60 years. Second, aboriginal people with diabetes have seven times the rate of diabetic end‐stage renal disease compared with their non‐aboriginal counterparts. Finally, birth rates among aboriginal people are higher than in any other segment of the population. An epidemic of diabetic end‐stage renal disease is the most important nephrological issue facing Canadian aboriginal people and threatens to overwhelm health care resources in many parts of the country unless effective early recognition and prevention programmes are established.
Importance of renal biopsy*
Authors: Nelson CL , Mackinnon MWB , Charlesworth JA 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY:Renal biopsy remains an essential requirement for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of several forms of renal disease. Recent advances in technique have improved the safety of the procedure. However, its use in certain categories of patients remains controversial. These include patients with diabetes or chronic renal failure and patients over the age of 60 years. This brief review addresses some of the advances in the biopsy procedure and its application to diseases of the native kidney.
Exploring Ricoeur’s hermeneutic theory of interpretation as a method of analysing research texts
Authors: Geanellos Rene 
Published: March 2003

Exploring Ricoeur’s hermeneutic theory of interpretation as a method of analysing research texts Increasingly, researchers use hermeneutic philosophy to inform the conduct of interpretive research. Congruence between the philosophical foundations of a study, and the methodological processes through which study findings are actualised, obliges hermeneutic researchers to use (or develop) hermeneutic approaches to research interviewing and textual analysis. Paul Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation provides one approach through which researchers using hermeneutics can achieve congruence between philosophy, methodology and method.Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation acknowledges the interrelationship between epistemology (interpretation) and ontology (interpreter). Also, Ricoeur notes the way interpretation moves forward from naive understanding, where the interpreter has a superficial grasp of the whole of the text, to deeper understanding, where the interpreter understands the parts of the text in relation to the whole and the whole of the text in relation to its parts (the hermeneutic circle). In this way, Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation provides researchers with a method of developing intersubjective knowledge.Through exposition of the concepts of Ricoeur’s theory, which include distanciation, appropriation, explanation and understanding, guess, and validation, a hermeneutic approach to textual analysis is presented, discussed and critiqued. Examples from nursing research are also used to demonstrate points under discussion. It is suggested that, in conjunction with Gadamer’s hermeneutic of understanding, Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation warrants consideration as a method of textual analysis.
Reflexivity and detachment: a discursive approach to women's depression
Authors: Crowe Marie 
Published: March 2003

Reflexivity and detachment: a discursive approach to women's depression This paper explores a discursive approach to understanding women's depression by presenting the results of research into women's narratives of their experiences. The discursive approach taken acknowledges women's immersion in cultural practices that determine the subject positions available to them and places a value on attributes of reflexivity and detachment that are not usually associated with their performance. The social and cultural context of the individual's experience is significant because if the focus is simply on the individual this supposes that the problem lies solely with the individual. An understanding of cultural expectations and their relation to mental distress is important to mental health nursing practice. The psychotherapeutic relationship that is fundamental to mental health nursing practice requires an understanding of the meaning of individual's responses in their cultural context in order to provide facilitative and meaningful care for the women that they nurse.
Weight and shape concerns and dieting behaviours among pre‐adolescents and adolescents in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Koji , Kiriike Nobuo , Ikenaga Keiji , Miyawaki Dai , Yamagami Sakae 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe attitudes towards body weight and shape, desire for thinness and dieting behaviours were investigated in pre‐adolescent and adolescent girls and boys (547 elementary school students, 615 junior high school students, and 470 senior high school students) aged 10–17 years in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, by a self‐report questionnaire.Forty‐eight per cent of 10‐year‐old females and 84% of 17‐year‐old females categorized themselves as ‘fat’ or ‘too fat’. The fear of weight gain and desire for thinness was reported in 35% and 51% of 10‐year‐old girls, respectively, and increased progressively with ageing to 79% and 87% of 17‐year‐old girls. In contrast, these were reported by 20–30% of boys in the corresponding age groups. Some practices to be slim were found in 22% of the 10‐year‐old girls, and increased to 37% among the 17‐year‐old girls, whereas they were found in around 20% of the boys at each age. The practices to be slim were found in 32% of the girls who were 85–90% of the standard body weight (SBW) and in 14% of the girls less than 85% of the SBW. These results suggest that significant concerns about weight and shape and dieting behaviours are present in young Japanese girls and increase progressively with age. These results are compatible with those in Western society.
Lithium and clonazepam treatment of two cases with cluster headache
Authors: Takebayashi Minoru , Fujikawa Tokumi , Kagaya Ariyuki , Horiguchi Jun , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPatients with cluster headache are often treated with lithium. However, there are some patients who can not be fully treated with lithium alone. Two patients with cluster headache were treated with clonazepam, one of the most potent benzodiazepines. Lithium prolonged the period of remission, and the addition of clonazepam further prolonged it in case 1. Treatment with clonazepam reduced the symptoms in case 2, and when combined with lithium, the disorder went into remission after 6 months. These findings suggest that the combination of lithium and clonazepam may be effective in patients with cluster headache.
Reliability of the 5‐min speech sample for assessing expressed emotion in Japanese patients
Authors: Uehara Toru , Yokoyama Tomoyuki , Goto Masahiro , Nakano Yasuko , Kawashima Yoshiaki , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExpressed emotion (EE) has been shown in various countries to be a good predictor of the clinical course of a patient’s mental illness. Because the traditional EE interview requires considerable time and effort, this study examined the reliability of a method called the five‐minute speech sample (FMSS) for assessing EE. The samples of 65 subjects were rated by the FMSS–EE coding system, and the interrater reliability among four authorized raters was investigated. Of these 65 samples, 10 (15%) were rated as high‐EE (high critical, 6%; high emotional over‐involvement (EOI), 9%), and 19 (29%) were rated as borderline (b‐)‐high‐EE (b‐critical, 15%; b‐EOI, 14%). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.91 for the overall category, 0.74 for criticism, 0.85 for EOI, 0.63 for b‐critical and 0.54 for b‐EOI. The FMSS was shown to be reliable for the assessment of EE, even outside of Western countries. However, the lower agreement in the subcategories of EOI and b‐critical has to be considered as a limitation of this brief method.
Apolipoprotein E phenotypes in healthy normal controls and demented subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in Mie Prefecture of Japan
Authors: Nakayama Shigeho , Kuzuhara Shigeki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to clarify the association between apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we analyzed the distribution of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) phenotypes and the frequency of the apo E alleles ɛ2, ɛ3, and ɛ4 in Japanese healthy controls (n = 1090, an average age of 51.2 ± 12.6 years) and demented patients (n = 103, mean age of 73.6 ± 9.2 years). Demented subjects were divided into three subgroups: early‐onset AD group (EOAD; n = 25, mean age 63.0 ± 6.2 years), late‐onset AD group (LOAD; n = 33, mean age 79.3 ± 5.1 years), and vascular dementia group (VD; n = 45, mean age 75.3 ± 8.0 years). The apolipoprotein E phenotype was determined by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. There were no significant differences in the distribution of the apo E phenotypes by gender or age, and the estimated frequencies of ɛ2, ɛ3 and ɛ4 were 0.05, 0.86 and 0.09, respectively, in the normal controls. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the apo E phenotypes between LOAD and elderly controls aged more than 65 years (P < 0.0001). The distribution of the apo E phenotypes in EOAD was the same as that in LOAD. The frequency of the ɛ4 allele was significantly higher in LOAD (0.35, P < 0.0001) and EOAD (0.28, P < 0.0001) than that in the control subjects (0.07), but not in VD (0.12, P = 0.1630). The present findings suggest that ApoE4 is related with both EOAD and LOAD, but not with VD, and support the hypothesis that it is a genetic risk factor of AD.
Psychological effect of the Nagasaki atomic bombing on survivors after half a century
Authors: Ohta Yasuyuki , Mine Mariko , Wakasugi Masako , Yoshimine Etsuko , Himuro Yachiyo , Yoneda Megumi , Yamaguchi Sayuri , Mikita Akemi , Morikawa Tomoko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn 1997 a mental health survey using a 30‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐30) and an interview survey of an atomic bombing experience were conducted in survivors of the Nagasaki atomic bombing. Overall psychological distress measured on the basis of the GHQ‐30 was greater in the atomic bombing survivors than in the controls. As for the contents of psychological distress, those concerning emotion such as anxiety and depression were milder in survivors than in the controls, but those related to social activities such as apathy, disturbance of human relations, loss of enjoyment of living were more severe. Furthermore, recurring and distressing recollection of the experience of the atomic bombing, suspicion over the relationship between the atomic bombing and an unhealthy physical condition, and the experience of witnessing death or severe injury of close relatives due to the atomic bombing were significantly related to the degree of psychological distress of the survivors.
Sleep apnea syndrome in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Hasegawa Rika , Shiomi Toshiaki , Sasanabe Ryujiro , Otake Kazuo , Banno Katsuhisa , Oki Yoshitaka , Maekawa Masato , Kobayashi Tadashi , Ito Asao , Taniguchi Aki , Ozeki Kaori 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeven patients (one man and six women) with a diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) were examined by polysomnography in order to clarify the relationship between sleep‐related breathing disorders and PTE. In the chronic stage of PTE, sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) was recognized in two patients (a man and a woman) among the subjects. Four of the five patients without SAS showed nocturnal hypoxemia. The female predominance was different from ordinary SAS without the disease background of PTE even though PTE is accompanied by hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension like SAS. A pathophysiological relationship between PTE and SAS was not found in this study.
The effects of recreational underwater exercise in early evening on sleep for physically untrained male subjects
Authors: Oda Shiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of recreational underwater exercise (UWE; 28.9–31.5°C, 16:00–16:50, 36.2 ± 5.2 %HRres) on thermal response and nocturnal sleep. Rectal temperature (Trec) and sleep parameters of eight physically untrained male subjects were measured in both non‐exercise (NE) and UWE days. Underwater exercise consisted of aerobic exercises with various kinds of movements. During UWE, Trec raised slightly in most subjects, but declined in one subject. We could not observe a rapid decline in Trec before sleep on a UWE day. The polysomnographic and subjective sleep parameters showed no significant differences between NE and UWE nights. The quality of sleep did not improve on the night when UWE was performed, and thermal changes might be related to the results.
Age and gender difference in habitual sleep–wake rhythm
Authors: Park Young Man , Matsumoto Kazuya , Shinkoda Harumi , Nagashima Hidetoshi , Kang Min Jeung , Seo Yoo Jin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe analysed the effects of age and gender on the habitual sleep–wake rhythm in 2252 randomly selected subjects living in Shimonoseki, Japan. Subjects were divided into 21 age groups with a matching number of males and females for each. During the period from primary school to adolescence, the bedtime became delayed and sleep length decreased with age. After that period, with increasing age, bedtime became earlier and sleep length increased. The number of awakenings and the length of daytime naps increased markedly with epoch after 50 years and 70 years of age, respectively. Gender differences were considered to be due to the women’s social and domestic customs in Japan.