bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I really felt wanted’: Police recruitment strategies within a competitive labour market
Authors: Wojslawowicz Ashleigh N , Payne Jeffrey S , Gibson Anthony , Cherry W Terry 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As law enforcement organizations report challenges surrounding recruitment, evidence-based practices are critical and cost-effective measures which fundamentally support and advance the policing profession. To combat a hiring crisis and remain competitive among endless options of agency vacancies, employers must recognize internal data resources at hand along with the advantages of researcher-practitioner partnerships. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the effectiveness of a single mid-size southeastern municipal law enforcement agency’s recruitment program to identify unique indicators present within career decisions from the incoming officer workforce. Primary findings identified the recruitment process to play an integral role in the ultimate application and agency selection decision for participants, regardless of participant background. Further, participant interviews identified elements such as Responsiveness, Communication, Personal, and Timeliness critical to perceived success of the recruitment program. Regarding police staffing, this study introduces a self-sustaining model for agency-specific key motivating factors in recruit agency selection, to include application of strong recruitment practices and benchmark identification for sustained program effectiveness. Implications include the impact of customer-service approaches to police staffing and evidence-based strategies for agency-specific strengths during a nation-wide staffing crisis.
Flexible education reform and Iceland’s police staffing crisis
Authors: Oddsson Guðmundur , Bragason Ólafur Örn , Þórisdóttir Rannveig 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In 2018, Iceland had Europe’s second-fewest police officers per capita and had experienced the continent’s biggest reduction in officers since 2009—after suffering the biggest financial crisis in modern economic history. Fewer officers, a growing, more diverse population, and a tourist boom fuelled a police staffing crisis peaking in the mid-2010s. In this case study, we document, using secondary data and interrupted time-series analysis, how moving basic police education to the university level in 2016 and shifting from face-to-face to flexible learning—a form of blended learning—helped Iceland accommodate more students, reverse the downward trend of police staffing, improve female representation, and raise the education level. Moreover, public trust in the police remained high after reform. The case of Iceland demonstrates that blended learning can facilitate police–university partnerships, accommodate more students by expanding access, capacity, and capability, help address staffing challenges, and optimize resources.
Investigative decision-making in sexual assault case processing
Authors: Garza Alondra D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Police decision-making in sexual assault cases has received considerable attention due to case attrition. Limited studies, however, have focused on early police processes as a path for case attrition. The current study used sexual assault cases reported to a large, urban police department, located in one of the five largest and most diverse U.S. cities to examine the role of case factors along with characteristics that represent the “real rape” stereotype on decisions to: 1) assign a sexual assault case to an investigator and 2) the time to investigator assignment. Results revealed that most cases will be assigned to an investigator and that oftentimes, this will occur promptly. Analyses indicated that victim age, suspect identification, evidentiary strength, and training predicted investigator assignment decisions, while victim race/ethnicity and the “real rape” stereotype predicted time to investigator assignment. Research and policy implications are discussed.
Clinical significance of the Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale score in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Li Guangshuo , Wang Chuanying , Wang Shang , Wang Liyuan , Hao Yahui , Xiong Yunyun , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Conflicting results were shown on the relationship between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) burden and functional outcomes in patients treated with intravenous tissues plasminogen activator (IV tPA). We aimed to investigate the relationship between CMBs burden and functional outcomes using the Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale (MARS) and determine its optimal cutoff value.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to include patients treated with IV tPA in our stroke center, and the MARS was used to assess the CMBs burden. Other clinical data including demographic factors, stroke severity, vascular risk factors, and clinical outcomes were also documented. Another mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether early neurological improvement could mediate the association between MARS and functional outcomes.

Results
A total of 408 patients were included. A cutoff value of 1.5 could predict functional outcomes in patients treated with IV tPA. Based on that cutoff value, MARS showed an independent relationship with functional outcomes [adjusted OR (Odds Ratio) 0.841, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.720–0.982, P = .029]. A shift analysis showed that higher MARS score (MARS ≥1.5) was related with poor functional outcome according to mRS score distribution (OR = 0.519, 95% CI 0.336–0.803, P = .003). Total effect (indirect + direct effect) was calculated and showed in figure. Early neurological improvement mediated 24% of the effect of MARS score on functional outcomes.

Conclusion
Our study showed that MARS could be a potential method to assess the functional outcome based on CMBs in patients treated with IV tPA, and MARS score ≥ 1.5 might be an optimal threshold for poor functional outcome.
The therapeutic value of vacuum external fixation in polytrauma patients with multiple ribs fracture
Authors: Wang Dongfang , Gu Shuaipeng , Shen Huaqing , Li Tonghan , Yin Enzhi , Wang Xiang , Gao Wei , Liao Yiliu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple displaced rib fractures often result in a poor prognosis. Open reduction and internal fixation has been shown to provide benefits for patients with displaced rib fractures and flail chest. Nevertheless, for patients who are unwilling or unsuitable for surgery, the therapeutic options are limited. We developed a novel plastic vacuum device for rib fractures external stabilization. This study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy of this device against a traditional chest strap in polytrauma patients with multiple rib fractures.

Methods
A retrospective investigation was conducted on polytrauma patients with multiple rib fractures admitted to our trauma center between March 2020 and March 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups: vacuum external fixation and chest strap. Comparative analysis was conducted on baseline parameters, injury characteristics, and clinical outcomes between the two groups.

Results
In this study, 54 patients were included, with 28 receiving chest strap and 26 undergoing vacuum external fixation. Results showed that, at 3 days and 7 days postintervention, the vacuum external fixation group had significantly lower visual analog scale scores during deep breathing and coughing (P &lt; .05). Vacuum external fixation also reduced pleural drainage duration and volume, as well as lowered the risk of pneumonia and other complications (P &lt; .05). Furthermore, the vacuum external fixation group demonstrated notable improvements in vital capacity, tidal volume, blood-gas test results, and a shorter hospital length of stay.

Conclusions
According to the study findings, vacuum external fixation appears to offer benefits to patients with multiple rib fractures, potentially reducing the risk of complications and improving overall clinical outcomes.
Why Perceptual Experiences cannot be Probabilistic
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Fresco Nir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Perceptual Confidence is the thesis that perceptual experiences can be probabilistic. This thesis has been defended and criticised based on a variety of phenomenological, epistemological, and explanatory arguments. One gap in these arguments is that they neglect the question of whether perceptual experiences satisfy the formal conditions that define the notion of probability to which Perceptual Confidence is committed. Here, we focus on this underexplored question and argue that perceptual experiences do not satisfy such conditions. But if they do not, then ascriptions of perceptual confidence are undefined; and so, Perceptual Confidence cannot be true.
Nambu Bracket for 3D Ideal Fluid Dynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Fukumoto Yasuhide , Zou Rong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) as well as the ideal fluid dynamics is governed by a Hamilton equation with respect to the Lie–Poisson bracket. The Nambu bracket manifestly represents the Lie–Poisson structure in terms of derivatives of the Casimir invariants. We construct a compact Nambu bracket representation for the 3D ideal MHD equations with the use of three Casimirs for the second Hamiltonians, the total entropy, and the magnetic and cross-helicities, whose coefficients are all constant. The Lie–Poisson bracket induced by this Nambu bracket does not coincide with the original one, but is supplemented by terms with an auxiliary variable. The supplemented Lie–Poisson bracket qualifies the cross-helicity as the Casimir. By appealing to Noether’s theorem, we show that the cross-helicity is an integral invariant associated with the particle-relabeling symmetry. Employing a Lagrange label function as the independent variable in the variational framework facilitates implementation of the relabeling transformation. By incorporating the divergence symmetry, other known topological invariants are put on the same ground as Noether’s theorem.
Pooled Minimal Clinically Important Differences of the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test in Patients With Early Subacute Stroke: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Tamura Shuntaro , Miyata Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Satoshi , Kobayashi Sota , Shioura Kosuke , Usuda Shigeru 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
Balance problems are common in patients with stroke, and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) is a reliable and valid assessment tool for measuring balance function. Determining the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is crucial for assessing treatment effectiveness. This study aimed to determine the MCID of the Mini-BESTest in patients with early subacute stroke.

Methods
In this prospective multicenter study, 53 patients with early subacute stroke undergoing rehabilitation in inpatient units were included. The mean age of the patients was 72.6 (SD = 12.2) years. The Mini-BESTest, which consists of 14 items assessing various aspects of balance function, including anticipatory postural adjustments, postural responses, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait, was used as the assessment tool. The global rating of change (GRC) scales completed by the participants and physical therapists were used as external anchors to calculate the MCID. The GRC scale measured subjective improvement in balance function, ranging from −3 (very significantly worse) to +3 (very significantly better), with a GRC score of ≥+2 considered as meaningful improvement. Four methods were used to calculate the MCID: mean of participants with GRC of 2, receiver operating characteristic–based method, predictive modeling method, and adjustment of the predictive modeling method based on the rate of improvement. From the MCID values obtained using these methods, a single pooled MCID value was calculated.

Results
The MCID values for the Mini-BESTest obtained through the 4 methods ranged from 3.2 to 4.5 points when using the physical therapist’s GRC score as the anchor but could not be calculated using the participant’s GRC score. The pooled MCID value for the Mini-BESTest was 3.8 (95% CI = 2.9–5.0).

Conclusions
The Mini-BESTest MCID obtained in this study is valuable for identifying improvements in balance function among patients with early subacute stroke.

Impact
Determination of the MCID is valuable for evaluating treatment effectiveness. The study findings provide clinicians with practical values that can assist in interpreting Mini-BESTest results and assessing treatment effectiveness.
State Pride and the Quality of Democracy in the American States
Authors: Flavin Patrick J , Shufeldt Gregory 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We evaluate whether feelings of state pride in the USA are linked to the quality of democracy in one’s state. Using two original surveys, we find no relationship between an objective measure of the quality of state democracy and feelings of state pride. In contrast, we find a consistent positive relationship between subjective evaluations and state pride such that citizens with more positive evaluations of the quality of democracy in their state report higher levels of state pride. Interestingly, feelings of state pride are not linked to the objective measure of democracy even when citizens are informed of where their state ranks in a survey experiment. However, subsample analyses reveal that there is a relationship between the objective measure and state pride among Democrats and political “losers” (citizens living in states where the government is controlled by the opposite party). We conclude by discussing implications for citizenship and state pride in an era of democratic erosion.
The Role of the Ask Gap in Gender Pay Inequality
Authors: Roussille Nina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The gender ask gap measures the extent to which women ask for lower salaries than comparable men. This article studies its role in generating wage inequality, using novel data from an online recruitment platform for full-time engineering jobs: Hired.com. To use the platform, job candidates must post an ask salary, stating how much they want to make in their next job. Firms then apply to candidates by offering them a bid salary, solely based on the candidate’s résumé and ask salary. If the candidate is hired, a final salary is recorded. After adjusting for résumé characteristics, the ask gap is 2.9%, the bid gap is 2.2%, and the final offer gap is 1.4%. Further controlling for the ask salary explains the entirety of the residual gender gaps in bid and final salaries. To further provide evidence of the causal effect of the ask salary on the bid salary, I exploit an unanticipated change in how candidates were prompted to provide their ask. For some candidates in mid-2018, the answer box used to solicit the ask salary was changed from an empty field to an entry prefilled with the median bid salary for similar candidates. I find that this change drove the ask, bid, and final offer gaps to zero. In addition, women did not receive fewer bids or final offers than men did due to the change, suggesting they faced little penalty for demanding comparable wages.
Towards a sustainable and responsible model for monitoring open science and research—analysis of the Finnish model for monitoring open science and research
Authors: Himanen Laura , Nykyri Susanna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Advancing and supporting the development of open science practices is of global interest, and subsequently also the monitoring of the ongoing developments is more and more on the agenda. In Finland, monitoring open science has a relatively long history, and the first evaluation of research performing and research funding organisations took place already in 2015. The system has evolved over the years, and in 2019 the responsibility for monitoring was transferred from the Ministry of Education and Culture to the research community. This article looks at the latest monitoring, conducted in Spring 2022 from the point of view of its compliance with the principles of responsible research assessment. To structure the analysis we have used the SCOPE framework designed to enable planning and conducting evaluations responsibly. As a conclusion we find there are four main challenges in the current model for monitoring open science in Finland: 1) the model leaves very little room for internal discussion or decision-making within organisations, 2) the model focuses too much on organizational developments and largely ignores national and international developments, 3) the model essentially reduces very complex issues into numbers, and 4) the organisations are monitored against a set of objectives without giving them enough time to realize expected reforms.
Risk of cardiovascular disease decreases over time in psoriatic arthritis but not in spondylarthritis: meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Gouze Hélène , Aegerter Philippe , Gouyette Yasmine , Breban Maxime , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
SpA and PsA represent two frequent inflammatory rheumatic disorders characterized by an increased burden on quality of life due to the association of several comorbidities, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). The estimated prevalence of CVD ranges from 12 to 19% and differs between the two diseases, however, the incidence of CVD is not completely known. We aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of controlled observational studies to assess the incidence rate of CVD over time in SpA and PsA.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature review (SLR) of longitudinal studies with a study period of at least 5 years, including SpA/PsA patients and general population. The main outcome was the occurrence of CVD, including ischaemic heart disease, stroke and death from CV causes. We then performed a random-effects model for meta-analysis.

Results
The SLR included 34 articles, mainly focused on the association between SpA/PsA and CVD. Twenty-four articles were then selected for the meta-analysis. The overall incidence of CVD was increased in PsA [hazard ratio (HR) 1.28 (95% CI 1.15, 1.43)] and in SpA [HR 1.45 (95% CI 1.22, 1.72)] compared with the general population, with consistency across the different types of CVDs. Interestingly the incidence tended to decrease over time in PsA but not in SpA.

Conclusion
The SLR and meta-analysis confirmed the increased incidence of CVD in both SpA and PsA patients compared with the general population, although the increase seems to be less prominent in PsA than in SpA. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Multiple serum biomarkers associate with mortality and interstitial lung disease progression in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Parker Matthew James Sinclair , Jee Adelle S , Hansen Dylan , Proudman Susanna , Youssef Peter , Kenna Tony J , Stevens Wendy , Nikpour Mandana , Sahhar Joanne , Corte Tamera J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the prognostic utility of 28 serum biomarkers in systemic sclerosis (SSc), SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and clinically relevant disease subgroups.

Methods
Participants with sera, high-resolution CT and lung function within 12 months of baseline were identified from the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study. Baseline was the time of serum collection. Twenty-seven of the prespecified 28 serum biomarkers were analysed and biomarker associations with mortality and ILD progression were investigated in univariable and multivariable analyses, including within disease subgroups and combined with established risk factors for poorer prognosis in SSc.

Results
A total of 407 participants were identified, 252 (61.9%) with SSc-ILD. The median (interquartile range) follow-up after biomarker measurement was 6.31 (3.11–9.22) years. Sixteen biomarkers were associated with increased mortality. High levels of VCAM-1 were most strongly associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 3.55; 95% CI 2.37–5.33; P &lt; 0.001]. Five additional biomarkers had an HR &gt;2: SP-D (2.28, 1.57–3.31; P &lt; 0.001), E-selectin (2.19, 1.53–3.14; P &lt; 0.001), IL-6 (2.15, 1.50–3.09; P &lt; 0.001), MMP-3 (2.05, 1.42–2.95; P &lt; 0.001) and ET-1 (2.03, 1.40–2.92; P &lt; 0.001). Eleven biomarkers were independently associated with mortality following adjustment for sex, age and baseline forced vital capacity (FVC%predicted). Three biomarkers were associated with ILD progression at 1-year follow-up: CXCL4 (odds ratio 2.67, 1.46–4.88; P = 0.001), MMP-1 (2.56, 1.43–4.59; P = 0.002) and ET-1 (2.18, 1.24–3.83; P = 0.007).

Conclusion
Multiple biomarkers, especially VCAM-1, E-selectin, SP-D and CXCL4, provide prognostic utility beyond that of established risk factors for patients with SSc.
Building trust takes time: limits to arbitrage for blockchain-based assets
Authors: Hautsch Nikolaus , Scheuch Christoph , Voigt Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A blockchain replaces central counterparties with time-consuming consensus protocols to record the transfer of ownership. This settlement latency slows cross-exchange trading, exposing arbitrageurs to price risk. Off-chain settlement, instead, exposes arbitrageurs to costly default risk. We show with Bitcoin network and order book data that cross-exchange price differences coincide with periods of high settlement latency, asset flows chase arbitrage opportunities, and price differences across exchanges with low default risk are smaller. Blockchain-based trading thus faces a dilemma: Reliable consensus protocols require time-consuming settlement latency, leading to arbitrage limits. Circumventing such arbitrage costs is possible only by reinstalling trusted intermediation, which mitigates default risk.
Trial-level ERPs predicted behavioral responses during self-referential processing in late childhood
Authors: Liu Pan , Yang Xiao , Tan Jaron X Y 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Self-referential information is uniquely salient and preferentially processed even in children. The literature has used the self-referent encoding task (SRET) combined with event-related potentials (ERPs) to study self-referential processing and its associations with youth psychopathology. However, it is unclear how the ERP and behavioral indices of SRET are associated with each other, although this knowledge can promote our mechanistic understanding of this construct and its role in psychopathology. We examined this question in 115 9- to 12-year-old children, a critical period for the development of self-related concepts. By applying a multilevel modeling approach to the trial-level data of SRET, we disaggregated the between- and within-person variability and observed within-person, but not between-person, effects of the P2 and late positive potential (LPP) on behavioral responses: a larger P2 on a given trial predicted a faster response in this trial; a larger LPP on a given trial predicted a higher likelihood of endorsing the word of this trial. We provided novel evidence on how the within-person variability of the ERPs predicted the overt responses of the SRET in children. These findings inform our mechanistic knowledge of self-referential processing and shed light on a better understanding of the role of self-referential processing in the development of psychopathology.