bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging actin organisation and dynamics in 3D
Authors: Phillips Thomas A. , Marcotti Stefania , Cox Susan , Parsons Maddy 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in cell architecture and the control of fundamental processes including cell division, migration and survival. The dynamics and organisation of F-actin have been widely studied in a breadth of cell types on classical two-dimensional (2D) surfaces. Recent advances in optical microscopy have enabled interrogation of these cytoskeletal networks in cells within three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, tissues and in vivo. Emerging studies indicate that the dimensionality experienced by cells has a profound impact on the structure and function of the cytoskeleton, with cells in 3D environments exhibiting cytoskeletal arrangements that differ to cells in 2D environments. However, the addition of a third (and fourth, with time) dimension leads to challenges in sample preparation, imaging and analysis, necessitating additional considerations to achieve the required signal-to-noise ratio and spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we summarise the current tools for imaging actin in a 3D context and highlight examples of the importance of this in understanding cytoskeletal biology and the challenges and opportunities in this domain.
Matrix metalloproteinases at a glance
Authors: Hey Sven , Linder Stefan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteinases that belong to the group of endopeptidases or matrixins. They are able to cleave a plethora of substrates, including components of the extracellular matrix and cell-surface-associated proteins, as well as intracellular targets. Accordingly, MMPs play key roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue homeostasis and cancer cell invasion. MMP activity is exquisitely regulated at several levels, including pro-domain removal, association with inhibitors, intracellular trafficking and transport via extracellular vesicles. Moreover, the regulation of MMP activity is currently being rediscovered for the development of respective therapies for the treatment of cancer, as well as infectious, inflammatory and neurological diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present an overview of the current knowledge regarding the regulation of MMP activity, the intra- and extra-cellular trafficking pathways of these enzymes and their diverse groups of target proteins, as well as their impact on health and disease.
Environmental variation associated with overwintering elicits marked metabolic plasticity in a temperate salmonid, Salvelinus fontinalis
Authors: Middleton Ella K. , Gilbert Matthew J. H. , Landry Thomas , Lamarre Simon G. , Speers-Roesch Ben 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Poleward winters commonly expose animals, including fish, to frigid temperatures and low food availability. Fishes that remain active over winter must therefore balance trade-offs between conserving energy and maintaining physiological performance in the cold, yet the extent and underlying mechanisms of these trade-offs are not well understood. We investigated the metabolic plasticity of brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis), a temperate salmonid, from the biochemical to whole-animal level in response to cold and food deprivation. Acute cooling (1°C day−1) from 14°C to 2°C had no effect on food consumption but reduced activity by 77%. We then assessed metabolic performance and demand over 90 days with exposure to warm (8°C) or cold winter (2°C) temperatures while fish were fed or starved. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) decreased substantially during initial cooling from 8°C to 2°C (Q10=4.2–4.5) but brook char exhibited remarkable thermal compensation during acclimation (Q10=1.4–1.6). Conversely, RMR was substantially lower (40–48%) in starved fish, conserving energy. Thus, the absolute magnitude of thermal plasticity may be masked or modified under food restriction. This reduction in RMR was associated with atrophy and decreases in in vivo protein synthesis rates, primarily in non-essential tissues. Remarkably, food deprivation had no effect on maximum oxygen uptake rates and thus aerobic capacity, supporting the notion that metabolic capacity can be decoupled from RMR in certain contexts. Overall, our study highlights the multi-faceted energetic flexibility of Salvelinus spp. that likely contributes to their success in harsh and variable environments and may be emblematic of winter-active fishes more broadly.
Metabolomic responses to high-intensity interval exercise in equine skeletal muscle: effects of rest interval duration
Authors: Takahashi Kenya , Mukai Kazutaka , Takahashi Yuji , Ebisuda Yusaku , Hatta Hideo , Kitaoka Yu 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
High-intensity interval training has attracted considerable attention as a time-efficient strategy for inducing physiological adaptations, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. By using metabolomics techniques, we investigated changes in the metabolic network responses in Thoroughbred horses to high-intensity interval exercise performed with two distinct (15 min or 2 min) rest intervals. The peak plasma lactate level was higher during high-intensity exercise with a 2 min rest duration than that with a 15 min rest duration (24.5±6.8 versus 13.3±2.7 mmol l−1). The arterial oxygen saturation was lower at the end of all exercise sessions with a 2 min rest duration than that with a 15 min rest duration. Metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle revealed marked changes in metabolite concentrations in the first and third bouts of the 15 min rest interval conditions. In contrast, there were no metabolite concentrations or pathways that significantly changed during the third bout of exercise performed with a 2 min rest interval. Our findings suggest that the activity of each energy production system is not necessarily reflected by apparent changes in metabolite concentrations, potentially due in part to a better match between metabolite flux into and out of the pathway and cycle, as well as between metabolite production and disposal. This study provides evidence that changes in metabolite concentrations vary greatly depending on the number of repetitions and the length of rest periods between exercises, even if the exercises themselves are identical.
Ultrasound diagnosis of congenital Morgagni hernias: Ten years of experience at two Chinese centers
Authors: Shi Hui-Qing , Chen Wen-Juan , Yin Qiang , Zhang Xue-Hua 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Morgagni hernias are rare anomalies that are easily misdiagnosed or missed.
AIM
To summarize the ultrasound (US) imaging characteristics of Morgagni hernias through a comparison of imaging and surgical results.
METHODS
The records of children with Morgagni hernias who were hospitalized at two hospitals between January 2013 and November 2023 were retrospectively reviewed in terms of clinical findings, US features, and operative details.
RESULTS
Between 2013 and 2023, we observed nine (five male and four female) children with Morgagni hernias. Upper abdominal scanning revealed a widening of the prehepatic space, with an abnormal channel extending from the xiphoid process to the right or left side of the thoracic cavity. The channel had intestinal duct and intestinal gas echoes. Hernia contents were found in the transverse colon (n = 6), the colon and small intestine (n = 2), and the colon and stomach (n = 1). Among the patients, seven had a right-sided lesion, two had a left-sided lesion, and all of them had hernial sacs.
CONCLUSION
US imaging can accurately determine the location, extent, and content of Morgagni hernias. For suspected Morgagni hernias, we recommend performing sonographic screening first.
Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the bladder and concomitant urothelial carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Ozden Sami Berk , Simsekoglu Muhammed Fatih , Sertbudak Ipek , Demirdag Cetin , Gurses Iclal 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (EMPNST) of the bladder is a rare entity with devastating features. These tumors are thought to originate from malignant transformation of pre-existing schwannomas of pelvic autonomic nerve plexuses, and unlike the conventional malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), are not associated with neurofibromatosis. The tumor has distinctive morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features. Additionally, it tends to be more aggressive and have a higher mortality. This is the first case that presents with a synchronous urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the epithelioid variant of MPNST in the literature. It’s also the second reported case of EMPNST originating from the bladder wall.
CASE SUMMARY
In this case report, we present the detailed clinical course of a 71-year-old patient with EMPNST of the bladder alongside a literature review.
CONCLUSION
During the management of EMPNST cases, offering aggressive treatment modalities to the patient, such as radical cystectomy, is appropriate for the best chance to contain the disease, regardless of the tumor stage and the extent of local disease at initial diagnosis.
Special electromyographic features in a child with paramyotonia congenita: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Yi Hui , Liu Chen-Xiang , Ye Shu-Xin , Liu Yu-Lin 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Paramyotonia congenita (PMC) stands as a rare sodium channelopaty of skeletal muscle, initially identified by Eulenburg. The identification of PMC often relies on electromyography (EMG), a diagnostic technique. The child’s needle EMG unveiled trains of myotonic discharges with notably giant amplitudes, alongside irregular wave trains of myotonic discharges. This distinctive observation had not surfaced in earlier studies.
CASE SUMMARY
We report the case of a 3-year-old female child with PMC, who exhibited laryngeal stridor, muffled speech, myotonia from birth. Cold, exposure to cool water, crying, and physical activity exacerbated the myotonia, which was relieved in warmth, yet never normalized. Percussion myotonia was observable in bilateral biceps. Myotonia symptoms remained unchanged after potassium-rich food consumption like bananas. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis was excluded. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging yielded normal results. Blood potassium remained within normal range, while creatine kinase showed slight elevation. Exome-wide genetic testing pinpointed a heterozygous mutation on chromosome SCN4A: c.3917G>A (p.G1306E). After a six-month mexiletine regimen, symptoms alleviated.
CONCLUSION
In this case revealed the two types of myotonic discharges, and had not been documented in other studies. We underscore two distinctive features: Giant-amplitude potentials and irregular waves.
Cerebral syphilitic gumma misdiagnosed as brain abscess: A case report
Authors: Mu Li-Kun , Cheng Li-Feng , Ye Jing , Zhao Meng-Yan , Wang Jin-Long 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Cerebral syphilitic gumma is a relatively rare clinical disease. Its clinical manifestations are non-specific, and the imaging manifestations are similar to other intracranial occupying lesions, often misdiagnosed as tumors or abscesses. There are few reports on this disease in the relevant literature. To our knowledge, we have reported the first case of cerebral syphilitic gumma misdiagnosed as a brain abscess.We report this case and provide useful information for clinical doctors on neurosyphilis diseases.
CASE SUMMARY
We report the case to explore the diagnostic essentials of cerebral syphilitic gumma and attempt to mitigate the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis by equipping physicians with knowledge of neurosyphilis characteristics. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of a patient with cerebral syphilitic gumma were reported. Clinical manifestations, classifications, and diagnostic points were retrospectively analyzed. The patient was admitted to the hospital with fever and limb weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple space-occupying lesions and a positive serum Treponema pallidum gelatin agglutination test. The patient was misdiagnosed as having a brain abscess and underwent a craniotomy. A postoperative pathological diagnosis of syphilis gumma was made. The patient improved and was discharged after penicillin anti-syphilis treatment. Follow-up recovery was satisfactory.
CONCLUSION
Cerebral syphilitic gumma is rare in clinical practice, and it is often misdiagnosed and missed. Clinical diagnosis should be considered in combination with multiple examinations.
Porocarcinoma in a palm reconstructed with a full thickness skin graft: A case report
Authors: Lim Seok Beom , Kwon Kun Young , Kim Hoon , Lim Soo Yeon , Koh In Chang 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors. It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
CASE SUMMARY
This case involved a 92-year-old woman, a farmer by profession, presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with SCC using a punch biopsy; however, a repeat biopsy with additional immunohistochemical tests was performed for porocarcinoma. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with porocarcinoma and reconstruction was planned using a full-thickness skin graft. After treatment, the range of motion of the palm was preserved, and the aesthetic outcome was favorable. At 6 mo of follow-up, the patient was satisfied with the outcome.
CONCLUSION
Porocarcinoma is commonly misdiagnosed as SCC; therefore, clinicians should consider porocarcinomas when evaluating mass-like lesions on the hands.
High-energy single-longitudinal-mode Q-switched double-cladding fiber laser based on the injection seeding technique
Authors: Zhang Dong , Lu Qiao , Mao Qinghe 
Published: January 2024

This paper demonstrates a high-energy, single-longitudinal-mode (SLM), actively Q-switched fiber laser based on the injection seeding technique. The large-mode-area double-cladding fiber is used as the gain medium to improve energy storage. Simultaneously, by using the linear electro-optic effect of the negative uniaxial crystal (β-BaB2O4, BBO), a matching frequency-shift-free Q-switch with high damage threshold and high extinction-ratio is designed. Before reaching the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold, the SLM Q-switched pulses can be achieved with energy higher than 15 µJ over a wide range of repetition rates from 10 to 80 kHz, and the maximum output power reaches 1.2 W at the repetition rate of 80 kHz, which may be the highest output pulse energy for such a SLM Q-switched fiber laser so far, to our best knowledge.
Photonic Gateway accommodating all types of wavelength paths for digital-coherent and IM-DD user terminals in all-photonic metro-access converged networks
Authors: Kaneko Shin , Yoshino Manabu , Shibata Naotaka , Igarashi Ryo , Kani Jun-ichi , Yoshida Tomoaki 
Published: January 2024

In access and metro networks, there is increasing demand for guaranteed wide-bandwidth and stringent/deterministic end-to-end latency characteristics. Converging these networks by expanding dense wavelength-division-multiplexed metro networks to access areas is a promising approach to satisfy this demand. An All-Photonics Metro-Access Converged Network (APN) dynamically and flexibly provides a wavelength connection between any two points including user premises. This evolution in network architecture presents some technical challenges. First, from the access-node architecture viewpoint, conventional reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) do not have functions for remote and in-channel user-terminal (UT) control or turn-back connection within the access area. Therefore, the APN cannot be achieved by simply adopting ROADMs as access nodes, which are defined as Photonic Gateways. Remote and in-channel UT controls are required to control the endpoints of a wavelength path beyond the carrier control-plane network. These types of control should be independent of the protocol and modulation/detection method for the main signal. In addition, the Photonic Gateway must flexibly and efficiently support a new type of wavelength path, specifically a turn-back connection within the access area, due to metro/access convergence. Second, from the viewpoint of the process for dynamic wavelength-path provisioning, the APN controller should autonomously discover physical connectivity between a UT and the Photonic Gateway connected via field access fibers. This paper proposes a novel Photonic Gateway architecture that flexibly and scalably provides various UTs with direct optical connections including turn-back configurations. This paper also proposes a method that autonomously recognizes physical connections between newly connected UTs and the Photonic Gateway. The proposed architecture and method are experimentally verified based on all types of wavelength-path provisioning that take at most 72 s using Photonic Gateway prototypes, 100-Gb/s digital-coherent UTs, and 10-Gb/s intensity-modulation direct-detection UTs. All types of wavelength paths that are provided over the APN architecture are considered including a turn-back connection between two UTs within the same access area and connections between two UTs that traverse the metro area with or without optical/electrical conversion.
Multimodal Mediation in Translation and Communication of Chinese Museum Culture in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Yang Chunli , Cui Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Museums serve as repositories and exhibitors of cultural artifacts, playing a vital role in international cultural exchange. In the digital era, advancements in Artificial Intelligence and big data offer innovative modes of translation and mediation, enhancing the content and diversifying channels through which Chinese museum culture is presented globally. Museum culture display embodies a multimodal discourse, primarily reliant on imagery within its information system. This study explores the integration of new technologies to facilitate multimodal mediation in the translation and communication of Chinese museum culture. The investigation involves an in-depth analysis of human–computer interaction guidelines, precise service delivery based on machine learning, and relevant Artificial Intelligence corpora. The research demonstrates how Artificial Intelligence mediation can promote the multimodal translation and communication of diverse aspects of Chinese museum cultures. Specifically, it highlights three key approaches based on specific usage scenarios and objectives, including a chatbot designed for smaller indoor spaces such as museums, emphasizing on-site interactive experiences; new media and big data applications tailored for large outdoor cultural and educational venues, prioritizing tour experiences and visitor engagement; and online VR/AR experiential facilities serving remote visitors unable to physically visit cultural and educational sites. The integration of Artificial Intelligence aims to realize multilingual and multidimensional mediation, enriching the expression of Chinese museum culture by rendering abstract content visually, animating text, and augmenting images, allowing the audience to fully engage with China’s cultural heritage through auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile sensory experiences. This research aims to offer valuable insights to museums and relevant government tourism management agencies, contributing to an improved translation and communication impact of Chinese museum culture.
Fair world para masters point system for swimming
Authors: Bartneck Christoph , Moltchanova Elena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A fair and inclusive competition depends on a scoring system that takes all relevant factors into account. We analysed the current World Para Point System for swimming and identified several theoretical and practical disadvantages. We propose and test a Fair World Para Point System that not only improves the algorithm, but also extends it to accommodate for the age of the athlete. It also provides a method to break point ties. This will enable para masters swimmers for the first time to compete fairly with each other. We also develop and publish tools that enable event organisers to directly use the Fair World Para Point System.
Analyzing Legal Ramifications for Auction Winners: A Case Study of Bekasi and Makassar Court Decisions on Auction Cancellations
Authors: Handayani Dwi , Ilyas Muhammad , Kuncoro Teguh 
Published: January 2024

This article starts with the auction of the valid execution and in accordance with the minutes of auction of the Bekasi State Wealth and Auction Service Office (KPKNL) Number 225/2013 with the winner of the auction in good faith, but the auction was canceled by the court in the decision of the Bekasi State Court Number 412/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bks on the claim of the legal owner of the collateral object against Auction applicant. The creditor filed for the execution of the dependent rights under Article 6 of the Law on Dependent Rights Number 4/1996 on the basis of default. Furthermore, the decision was appealed and then continued with cassation and finally the Review of case Number 664PK/PDT/2020 with the decision to reject the application for cassation and Judicial Review. Weaknesses in the auction rules result in the rights of auction winners not being accommodated and not protected by law. This article is interesting to researched and is the first time it has happened and has not been regulated in the Technical Guidelines of the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 213/PMK.06/2020. As a comparison, the case in Makassar State Court Number 73/Pdt.G/2023. With the method of statutory approach, cases, and theories of laws, then analyzed in the way of legal reasoning, and interpretation of laws. The results showed the legal consequences of the rights of the auction winners due to court decisions, namely experiencing material losses that must be borne by the Bekasi District Court decision. Solutions offered, updating the Vendu Reglement Ordonantie on the conduct of auctions in Indonesia; perfecting PMK Number 2013/PMK.06/2020 concerning technical guidelines legal. The purpose of the study, to examine the legal consequences of the rights of auction winners because the court decision that decided the auction has no legal force.