bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mode-cleaning in antisymmetrically modulated non-Hermitian waveguides
Authors: Akhter Mohammad Nayeem , Botey Muriel , Herrero Ramon , Staliunas Kestutis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate all-optical spatial mode-cleaning in non-Hermitian waveguides. The effect is accounted by a unidirectional coupling among the modes resulting from a simultaneous modulation of the refractive index and the gain/loss along graded index multimodal waveguides. Depending on the spatial delay between the real and imaginary part of the potential modulation, higher or lower order modes are favored, which in latter case eventually leads to an nearly-monomode propagation. In this way, for any arbitrary initial field distribution an antisymmetric non-Hermitian modulation results in an effective mode-cleaning. The effect is demonstrated analytically, based on coupled mode theory in 1D waveguides, and numerically proven by solving the wave propagation equation with the antisymmetric non-Hermitian potential. The proposal is also generalized to the more involved case of 2D waveguides, leading to a significant reduction of the beam quality factor and improvement of beam spatial quality.
Two for the price of one: The benefits of job sharing to increase women representation in surgical specialties
Authors: Francis Gizelle , MacLean Emma , McDermott Emma 
Published: January 2024

Background: Women represent over 50% of medical school classes in Canada, yet only 36.8% of surgical residency applicants identified as female from 1995-2019. One potential explanation for this discrepancy is the lack of work-life balance. Job sharing is an alternative work schedule in which two employees share the responsibilities of one full-time job. Although job sharing is not common in medicine, it may provide a solution to this issue. This paper proposes the implementation of job sharing to increase women representation in surgical specialties and discusses the benefits it would provide to patients, physicians, and the healthcare system.
Methods: The authors developed a pitch for job sharing in medicine after conducting a review of the literature as part of their participation in the Cutting Edge Womxn in Surgery Hackathon at Dalhousie University.
Results: Job sharing has been successfully implemented in other industries and could have numerous benefits in medicine, such as preventing burnout and increasing women representation in surgical specialties. Physicians who practice job sharing report feeling supported while having improved work-life balance.
Conclusion: Job sharing is a promising solution to increase women representation in surgical specialties and prevent burnout among physicians. The implementation of job sharing would benefit patients, physicians, and administration. By targeting excessive workload and promoting work-life balance, physicians can feel more satisfied in their roles and provide higher quality care to their patients. Job sharing warrants further exploration as a potential solution to the underrepresentation of women in surgical specialties and the burnout epidemic in the medical profession.
TEAD4 regulates KRT8 and YAP in preimplantation embryos in mice but not in cattle
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Shi Yan , Hu Bingjie , Zhao Panpan , Li Shuang , Xiao Lieying , Wang Shaohua , Zhang Kun 
Published: January 2024

In brief
Lineage specification plays a vital role in preimplantation development. TEAD4 is an essential transcription factor for trophectoderm lineage specification in mice but not in cattle.

Abstract
Tead4, a critical transcription factor expressed during preimplantation development, is essential for the expression of trophectoderm-specific genes in mice. However, the functional mechanism of TEAD4 in mouse preimplantation development and its conservation across mammals remain unclear. Here, we report that Tead4 is a crucial transcription factor necessary for blastocyst formation in mice. Disruption of Tead4 through base editing results in developmental arrest at the morula stage. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis reveals dysregulation of 670 genes in Tead4 knockout embryos. As anticipated, Tead4 knockout led to a decrease in trophectoderm genes Cdx2 and Gata3. Intriguingly, we observed a reduction in Krt8, suggesting that Tead4 influences the integrity of the trophectoderm epithelium in mice. More importantly, we noted a dramatic decrease in nuclear Yap in outside cells for Tead4-deficient morula, indicating that Tead4 directly regulates Hippo signaling. In contrast, bovine embryos with TEAD4 depletion could still develop to blastocysts with normal expression of CDX2, GATA3, and SOX2, albeit with a decrease in total cell number and ICM cell number. In conclusion, we propose that Tead4 regulates mouse blastocyst formation via Krt8 and Yap, both of which are critical regulators of mouse preimplantation development.
Evidencias tafonómicas y biomoleculares de termoalteración y formación de los depósitos óseos de peces dulceacuícolas en el sitio arqueológico San Pedro de la Depresión Momposina, Colombia
Authors: Flórez-Correa Saán , Rojas-Mora Sneider , Solari-Torres Sergio , Jiménez-Segura Luz Fernanda 
Published: January 2024

El uso histórico de la biodiversidad de peces llevado a cabo por las poblaciones humanas que han habitado el Caribe colombiano se ha registrado en la mayoría de yacimientos arqueológicos de la región. En esta investigación se analizan las evidencias tafonómicas y biomoleculares de termoalteración y formación de los depósitos óseos de peces dulceacuícolas aprovechados por una comunidad indígena en el sitio arqueológico San Pedro de la Depresión Momposina durante el siglo VII d.C. Se evidencia el aprovechamiento de especies migratorias como Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, Prochilodus magdalenae y Ageneiosus pardalis, y taxones residentes como Hoplias malabaricus y Caquetaia kraussii, que presentan evidencias de quema, carbonización y calcinación posterior a su consumo, generando cambios de color, fragmentación, agrietamiento de los sistemas osteónicos, polimerización del colágeno, fusión de los cristales de hidroxiapatita y degradación del ADNa contenido en la matriz ósea. Posterior a la quema, se encontró un patrón de descarte y acopio de las evidencias en depósitos de cerámica, carbón y arqueofauna acuática generando la incorporación diagenética de Hierro en las muestras y la adherencia de concreciones sedimentarias por procesos de lixiviación. Las secuencias estratigráficas y la formación de los depósitos arqueológicos documentan una serie de cambios de composición taxonómica y abundancia relativa de restos óseos en asociación al régimen hidroclimático de la región.
18th Prof. Vladas Gronskas International Scientific Conference: Abstract Book
Authors: Krikščiūnienė Dalia , Šarkiūnaitė Ingrida 
Published: January 2024

The conference “18th Prof. Vladas Gronskas International Scientific Conference” is an arena for cooperation and scholarly fellowship, with young researchers, bachelor, master and doctoral students from Lithuania and foreign countries. It is an arena for open discussion where young researches have the opportunity to present and share their scientific insights.
This conference encourages internationalization and a closer cooperation between science and business. The conference keynote speakers – business representatives – provide participants with new insights and inspiration for further research.
The main goal of this scientific gathering is to contribute to the reliable, safe, effective and sustainable economy and business development. Encouraging entrepreneurship is a crucial condition for economic growth and this puts forward a new approach to business, creativity, value creation, and the implementation of innovations. It is precisely in this context where business and science should interact.
Clinical and Socioeconomic Associations With Hospital Days and Emergency Department Visits Among Medically Complex Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sidra Michael , Pietrosanu Matthew , Ohinmaa Arto , Zwicker Jennifer , Round Jeff , Johnson David Wyatt 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES
To estimate associations between clinical and socioeconomic variables and hospital days and emergency department (ED) visits for children with medical complexity (CMCs) for 5 years after index admission.

METHODS
Retrospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort study of CMCs in Alberta (n = 12 621) diagnosed between 2010 and 2013 using administrative data linked to socioeconomic data. The primary outcomes were annual cumulative numbers of hospital days and ED visits for 5 years after index admission. Data were analyzed using mixed-effect hurdle regression.

RESULTS
Among CMCs utilizing resources, those with more chronic medications had more hospital days (relative difference [RD] 3.331 for ≥5 vs 0 medications in year 1, SE 0.347, P value &lt; .001) and ED visits (RD 1.836 for 0 vs ≥5 medications in year 1, SE 0.133, P value &lt; .001). Among these CMCs, initial length of stay had significant, positive associations with hospital days (RD 1.960–5.097, SE 0.161–0.610, P value &lt; .001 outside of the gastrointestinal and hematology and immunodeficiency groups). Those residing in rural or remote areas had more ED visits than those in urban or metropolitan locations (RD 1.727 for rural versus urban, SE 0.075, P &lt; .001). Material and social deprivation had significant, positive associations with number of ED visits.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical factors are more strongly associated with hospitalizations and socioeconomic factors with ED visits. Policy administrators and researchers aiming to optimize resource use and improve outcomes for CMCs should consider interventions that include both clinical care and socioeconomic support.
Línguas minoritárias e anotações sintáticas de corpora
Authors: Luiza Santos Luana , Coelho Aragon Carolina , Gerardi Fabrício 
Published: January 2024

Muitas das línguas indígenas brasileiras estão ameaçadas de extinção, seja pelo número reduzido de falantes ou por não mais transmitirem o conhecimento linguístico-cultural para as novas gerações. Na maioria desses casos, estratégias de revitalização e de conservação dessas línguas são imprescindíveis nas comunidades, as quais necessitam de processos contínuos de promoção de políticas de línguas e de ações voltadas à educação escolar indígena. Considerando a descrição e a documentação linguística como um método de preservação cultural de um povo, objetivamos, neste artigo, apresentar o uso de ferramentas linguísticas em associação ao processo de documentação e de descrição de línguas minoritárias, em especial, de duas línguas do tronco linguístico Tupí faladas no sudoeste Amazônico, Brasil. Neste sentido, procuramos relatar ações vinculadas à linguagem CoNLL-U na construção de Treebanks — corpus de textos com anotações sintáticas e morfológicas — da Universal Dependencies (MARNEFFE et al., 2021) para línguas indígenas brasileiras, partindo de experiências desenvolvidas no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica da Universidade X intitulado “X”. Discutiremos o uso de algumas ferramentas de descrição linguística articuladas à documentação, à descrição, à produção de materiais didáticos e suas relações com o processo de revitalização e fortalecimento de línguas minoritárias. Para isso, estabelecemos relações entre a linguística computacional, em conjunto com a linguística descritiva, como um meio de fortalecer não apenas a documentação de línguas ameaçadas de extinção, como de promover conhecimentos sobre suas comunidades e suas histórias. Também buscamos discutir a relação da linguística na compreensão de processos culturais, pois quando se trata de línguas indígenas, olhar para elas é restaurar parte de histórias silenciadas, além de nos despertar para o fortalecimento das políticas de línguas dos povos originários, como também das políticas públicas de proteção desses povos.
Towards accuracy improvement in solution of inverse kinematic problem in redundant robot: A comparative analysis
Authors: Khaleel Hind Zuhair , Humaidi Amjad J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe redundant manipulators have more DOFs (degree of freedoms) than it requires to perform specified task. The inverse kinematic (IK) of such robots are complex and high nonlinear with multiple solutions and singularities. As such, modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been used to address these problems. This study proposed two AI techniques based on Neural Network Genetic Algorithm (NNGA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the inverse kinematics (IK) problem of 3DOF redundant robot arm. Firstly, the forward kinematics for 3 DOF redundant manipulator has been established. Secondly, the proposed schemes based on NNGA and PSO algorithm have been presented and discussed for solving the inverse kinematics of the suggested robot. Thirdly, numerical simulations have been implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Three scenarios based on triangle, circular, and sine-wave trajectories have been used to evaluate the performances of the proposed techniques in terms of accuracy measure. A comparison study in performance has been conducted and the simulated results showed that the PSO algorithm gives 7% improvement compared to NNGA technique for triangle trajectory, while 2% improvement has been achieved by the PSO algorithm for circular and sine-wave trajectories.
Tafsir bi al-Ma’tsur sebagai Metode dalam Memahami Al-Qur’an
Authors: Ikhsan Mochammad , Nurdin Aldi 
Published: January 2024

Salah satu aspek dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an yang bisa dijadikan sebagai kaki pijak untuk memetakan tafsir yaitu sumber penafsiran yang digunakannya. Para mufassir dalam melakukan kegiatan penafsiran tidak akan terlepas dari sumber-sumber rujukan baik itu dari riwayat Nabi Muhammad Saw, tafsir Sahabat, tabi’in maupun pendapat dari ulama-ulama tafsir sebelumnya. Salah satu sumber penafsiran dalam menafsirkan al Qur’an yaitu Tafsir bi al-Ma’tsur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguraikan pengertian, ruang lingkup serta perbedaan pendapat di antara para ’ulama mengenai penafsiran ini, dengan inti masalah yang diangkat penulis ialah penggolongan Tafsir bi al-Ma’tsur, apakah ia termasuk klasifikasi berdasarkan sumber, metode, ataukah corak tafsir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan library research kemudian beberapa masalah yang diangkat dianalisis penulis sehingga didapatkan natijah yang jelas. Dapat kita ketahui bahwa Tafsir bi al-Ma’tsur merupakan penafsiran yang bersumber dari riwayat yang jelas, ia juga dikenal sebagai jenis penafsiran yang paling awal muncul dalam khazanah penafsiran Al-Qur’an. Pengaplikasian Tafsir bi al-Ma’tsur sampai saat ini dapat kita jumpai pada karya-karya monumental dari para ulama seperti pada kitab Tafsir Al-Thabari, Tafsir Ibn Katsir, Tafsir Ibn ‘Athiyyah dan yang lainnya. Simpulan penulis adalah, ada beberapa ’ulama yang menyebutkan Tafsir bi al-Ma’tsur termasuk corak atau bahkan sebagai metode penafsiran, akan tetapi jumhur ’ulama menggolongkan Tafsir bi al-Ma’tsur ke dalam klasifikasi penafsiran berdasarkan sumber.
Classification of pythagoras triples And How to generate them
Authors: Kumar A.S.Mohan 
Published: January 2024

Furthermore, the Pythagorean theorem is commonly used in advanced math today. It is used in computing surface areas, volumes and perimeters of different geometric shapes, converting between polar and rectangular coordinates and computing the distance between particular points on a plane.
The Pythagorean Theorem can be used in any real life scenario that involves a right triangle having two sides with known lengths. In a scenario where a certain section of a wall needs to be painted, the Pythagorean Theorem can be used to calculate the length of the ladder needed if the height of the wall and the distance of the base of the ladder from the wall are known.
The Pythagorean Theorem can be usefully applied because the relationship between the lengths of the sides in any right triangle is consistent. For example, in a baseball field, if the distance between each base is known, then the shortest distance to throw the ball from first base to third base can be calculated using the Pythagorean Theorem. When purchasing a television, the size advertised refers to the length of the diagonal of the television. If an old TV was being sold, the lengths of two of its sides can be used to calculate the length of the diagonal and thereby determine the size of the TV.
The effect of using exercises with educational methods according to Culp style in order to retain some basic handball skills
Authors: Salih Asst .Prof. Dr. Mateen Sulaiman 
Published: January 2024

The problem of research is through the researcher's observation that some methods of implementation of the lesson depend on the teacher's academic experience and may not fit perhaps with the abilities of the learner or the student when studying the game handball and practicing it with sufficient time and mastering the skills of the game, which makes the student a recipient and a beneficiary of the teacher's orders and not provide sufficient opportunities to develop his skill level, which called for the need to use educational exercises in the method of learning cooperative in order to master that may contribute to raising the level of performance and improving the learning curve and retaining some basic skills with handball.
The research aims to influence the use of educational exercises in the method of cooperative learning in order to be able to learn some basic skills in handball and keep them for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Kirkuk University,, and the researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature and problem of research, while the research community included students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Kirkuk University for the academic year 2019/2020 while the sample of research was made up of 30 students They randomly divided the experimental and controlled groups and by (15) students per group ,and the researcher conducted exploratory experiments and identified the skills in and tribal tests and applied the method of educational exercises and dimensional tests and the use of statistical bag Spss to extract the results of the research and through this the researcher concluded that the educational exercises in the method of cooperative learning in order to be able positively in learning some basic skills with handball and retaining.
E-HANDOUT MATERI PERANAN ULAMA MASA PROKLAMASI KEMERDEKAAN BANGSA INDONESIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN SEJARAH DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi , Andayani Endang Sri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:The problem that arises in the process of learning history is the lack of supporting teaching materials so learning history becomes less interesting. For this reason, it is necessary to develop teaching materials that fit to the characteristics and potential of students at MA Al-Umm. The required teaching materials are e-handouts as supplement books in history learning. The material focuses on the role of Muslim clerics during the proclamation of independence. This research and development aims to determine the effectiveness of e-handouts in increasing historical awareness and student learning outcomes. Collecting research data through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Based on the data analysis it was concluded that the e-handout shows valid, effective, practical, and interesting results and can increase historical awareness and student learning outcomes. From the results of expert validation and the teacher's assessment of the e-handout, it was easier for students to understand and most students liked the pictures inserted in this book. Students' interest in material containing the character of Islamic figures in Islamic boarding schools is the main reason for the high interest of students in this product. Therefore, it can be concluded that the product is effective in increasing historical awareness and learning outcomes. Abstrak:Permasalahan yang muncul dalam proses pembelajaran sejarah adalah kurangnya bahan ajar pendukung sehingga pembelajaran sejarah menjadi kurang menarik. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan karakteristik dan potensi siswa di MA Al-Umm. Bahan ajar yang dibutuhkan berupa e-handout sebagai buku pelengkap dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Materi berfokus pada peran ulama Muslim selama proklamasi kemerdekaan. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas e-handout dalam meningkatkan kesadaran sejarah dan hasil belajar siswa. Pengumpulan data penelitian melalui observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes. Berdasarkan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa e-handout menunjukkan hasil yang valid, efektif, praktis, dan menarik serta dapat meningkatkan kesadaran sejarah dan hasil belajar siswa. Dari hasil validasi ahli dan penilaian guru melalui angket dan observasi yang diberikan terhadap e-handout mendapatkan hasil sangat valid sehingga lebih mudah dipahami siswa. Kemudian melalui wawancara yang dilakukan sebagian besar siswa menyukai gambar yang disisipkan dalam buku ini. Minat santri terhadap materi yang memuat karakter tokoh Islam di pondok pesantren menjadi alasan utama tingginya minat santri terhadap produk ini. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk tersebut efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran sejarah dan hasil belajar.
Commentary on “Marginalisation and Human Rights in Southeast Asia” by Routledge
Authors: Sahrasad Herdi 
Published: January 2024

Human rights and democracy in Southeast Asia continues to attract the attention of scientists in this region to study and examine them in depth. In this context, a centralized and methodical style of authoritarianism, such as that used by Suharto's New Order in Indonesia, has restricted public dialogue of human rights and democracy , and is unlikely to attract the public of Southeast Asia today, according to social scientists, researchers, and Islamic scholars (ulemas). The people of Southeast Asia are tireless champions of human rights, social justice, and democracy to this day. The editors of this book, namely Al Khanif and Khoo Ying Hooi, have put together a book that, in its own way, succinctly and forcefully analyzes marginalization and human rights in Southeast Asia and provides a range of perspectives on the subject. This book covers a wide range of topics, including the success of ASEAN cooperation in ending statelessness, human rights violations committed against migrant workers, the protection of disabled people's rights on a regional scale, the Rohingya refugee crisis, the Moro's plight, religious and ethnic minorities' rights, academic freedom in authoritarian regimes, child abuse, and security concerns in Southeast Asia.
Keywords: Southeast Asia, Human Rights