bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality, morbidity and functional outcome after total or subtotal abdominal colectomy in the asian population
Authors: Bin Mohd Zam Nor Azhari , Tan Kok‐Yang , Ng Chin , Chen Chung‐Ming , Wong Soong‐Kuan , Chng Hong‐Chee , Tay Khoon‐Hean , Eu Kong‐Weng 
Published: September 2005

Objective:  This study reviews the functional outcome and satisfaction of patients after subtotal or total colectomy (STTC).Methods:  A retrospective review of patients who underwent STTC between June 1999 and September 2003 was performed. A standardized questionnaire was formulated and phone interviews were conducted with these patients.Results:  There were 50 patients who underwent STTC during this period. The most common indications were bleeding diverticular disease, patients with synchronous colorectal cancers or polyps and left‐sided colonic obstruction. The presence of ischaemic heart disease and the development of perioperative acute coronary syndrome were found to be statistically significant predictors of 30 day mortality with P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively. Phone interviews were successfully conducted in 33 patients. The patients interviewed were between 4 and 54 months postsurgery. Ninety‐four percent reported that they were either happy or satisfied. Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) revealed good or perfect continence in 94% of patients. Less than one‐quarter of those interviewed had five or more bowel movements in a day while most had either two or three bowel movements a day. Patient satisfaction after STTC correlated strongly with the severity of CCIS and number of bowel movements a day (P < 0.01). Also, those with less than five bowel movements a day were more likely to report a better satisfaction (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  Subtotal or total colectomy is associated with a good functional outcome and most patients were satisfied with their bowel function on follow‐up.
Novel approach to aortic cannulation suturing: tangential suture technique
Authors: Ünal Mustafa , Konuralp Cüneyt , İdiz Mustafa , Ekinci Abdurrahman , Akçar Murat 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Pursestring suture for ascending aortic cannulation in open heart surgery that requires cardiopulmonary bypass may cause serious events, especially in patients who have a thin or calcific aorta. We introduce a novel suturing method, called the ‘tangential suture technique’, and submit our clinical experience.Methods:  Adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this study. Patients in whom the tangential suture technique was applied (Group A; n = 146) were compared with patients in whom the classic pursestring technique was applied (Group B; n = 152).Results:  The age (38 ± 11 years vs 36 ± 10 years), sex (males 65.1% vs 62.5%) and operation types were similar in both groups. Although the difference was not significant (P > 0.05), subadventitial haematoma occurred more frequently in Group B (13 patients; 8.6%) than in Group A (3 patients; 2.1%). However, none in Group A required opening the adventitia. No aortic dissection was observed in peri‐ or postoperative periods in either group. In Group B, seven (4.6%) patients required repair by suture after tying of pursestring sutures following decannulation because of bleeding, while none was required in Group A (P = 0.0156).Conclusions:  Tangential suture technique allows the needle to take a longer segment from the media layer while decreasing the likelihood of entering the lumen. Because the tract of the suture almost perfectly fits to the needle curve, tissue injury is less, even on fragile aortas, and this ensures more stable closure of the hole when the suture is tied following decannulation. By considering both its theoretical advantages and our clinical experience, we believe tangential suture technique should be preferred to the classic method.
Prader‐Willi syndrome: intellectual abilities and behavioural features by genetic subtype
Authors: Milner Katja M. , Craig Ellen E. , Thompson Russell J. , Veltman Marijcke W.M. , Simon Thomas N. , Roberts Sian , Bellamy Margaret , Curran Sarah R. , Sporikou Caroline M.J. , Bolton Patrick F. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Studies of chromosome 15 abnormality have implicated over‐expression of paternally imprinted genes in the 15q11–13 region in the aetiology of autism. To test this hypothesis we compared individuals with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) due to uniparental disomy (UPD – where paternally imprinted genes are over‐expressed) to individuals with the 15q11–13 deletion form of the syndrome (where paternally imprinted genes are not over‐expressed). We also tested reports that PWS cases due to the larger type I (TI) form of deletion show differences to cases with the smaller type II (TII) deletion.Method:  Ninety‐six individuals with PWS were recruited from genetic centres and the PWS association. Forty‐nine individuals were confirmed as having maternal UPD of chromosome 15 and were age and sex matched to 47 individuals with a deletion involving 15q11–13 (32 had the shorter (T II) deletion, and 14 had the longer (TI) deletion). Behavioural assessments were carried out blind to genetic status, using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI), the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ), the Children's Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (CY‐BOCS), the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS), and measurements of intellectual ability, including the Wechsler and Mullen Scales and Raven's Matrices.Results:  UPD cases exhibited significantly more autistic‐like impairments in reciprocal social interaction on questionnaire, interview and standardised observational measures. Comparison of TI and TII deletion cases revealed few differences, but ability levels tended to be lower in the TI deletion cases.Conclusions:  Findings from a large study comparing deletion and UPD forms of Prader‐Willi syndrome were consistent with other evidence in indicating that paternally imprinted genes in the 15q11–13 region constitute a genetic risk factor for aspects of autistic symptomatology. These genes may therefore play a role in the aetiology of autism. By contrast with another report, there was no clear‐cut relationship between the size of the deletion and the form of cognitive and behavioural phenotype.
Enhancement of translation elongation in neurons by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor: Implications for mammalian target of rapamycin signaling
Authors: Inamura Naoko , Nawa Hiroyuki , Takei Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe effects and signaling mechanisms of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on translation elongation were investigated in cortical neurons. BDNF increased the elongation rate approximately twofold, as determined by measuring the ribosomal transit time. BDNF‐accelerated elongation was inhibited by rapamycin, implicating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). To explore the mechanisms underlying these effects, we examined the protein phosphorylation cascades that lead to the activation of translation elongation in neurons. BDNF increased eukaryote elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) phosphorylation and decreased eEF2 phosphorylation. Whereas eEF2 phosphorylation levels altered by BDNF were inhibited by rapamycin, eEF1A phosphorylation was not affected by rapamycin or PD98059, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor. BDNF induced phosphorylation of eEF2 kinase (Ser366), as well as decreased its kinase activity. All these events were inhibited by rapamycin. Furthermore, mTOR siRNA, which reduced mTOR levels up to 50%, inhibited the BDNF‐induced enhancement in elongation rate and decrease in eEF2 phosphorylation. These results strongly suggest that BDNF enhances translation elongation through the activation of the mTOR–eEF2 pathway.
Microsatellite loci for Bombus spp.
Authors: REBER FUNK CHRISTINE , SCHMID‐HEMPEL REGULA , SCHMID‐HEMPEL PAUL 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report the details and characteristics of a total of 44 novel microsatelllite loci for Bombus spp. Most of them are highly polymorphic in Bombus terrestris, and a high degree of polymorphism is also found where these primers have been tested in 10 other bumblebee species. These markers will therefore be useful for the genetic study of this group.
Sixteen microsatellite loci for the Bufo boreas group
Authors: SIMANDLE ERIC T. , PEACOCK MARY M. , ZIRELLI LAURA , TRACY C. RICHARD 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe four species that comprise the Bufo boreas group of toads are critically imperiled in all or portions of their geographical ranges. We present data from 16 microsatellite loci isolated from B. boreas that cross‐amplify in these four species. These markers have proven useful in the analyses of population structure and conservation genetics, and provide a powerful tool for future researchers who seek to understand the conservation genetics of these rare toad species. Polymorphism was assessed for 339 individuals from seven populations representing the four species. All loci were polymorphic (X̄ = 8, range of four to 19 alleles). Three loci were not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in one population, and one of these loci was out of HWE in a second population (P < 0.003 after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests). However, there were no systematic deviations from HWE across all study populations. Small populations in fragmented habitat appear to explain the existing HWE deviations.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri
Authors: ZHAN AIBIN , BAO ZHENMIN , YAO BING , WANG XIAOLONG , HUI MIN , HU JINGJIE 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe colony hybridization method was presented for isolating microsatellite markers in Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri. We designed primers to amplify 26 unique microsatellites. Fourteen primer pairs amplified clearly and were polymorphic. Based on characterization with 60 unrelated individuals, the number of alleles ranges from two to 13, and the expected heterozygosity ranges from 0.22 to 0.91. These markers have the potential for genetic studies in population structure and intraspecific variation.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in the endangered Sinojackia xylocarpa (Styracaceae) and cross‐species amplification in closely related taxa
Authors: YAO XIAOHONG , YE QIGANG , KANG MING , ZHOU JIANFENG , XU YANQIN , WANG YING , HUANG HONGWEN 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwenty‐four polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from an AAG‐enriched genomic library of Sinojackia xylocarpa. The average allele number of these microsatellites was 3.3 per locus, ranging from two to seven. The observed and expected heterozygosities at population level were 0.10–0.83 and 0.10–1.00, respectively. In addition, successful cross‐species amplification of this set of microsatellites in three other species of Sinojackia and a closely related taxon, Changiostyrax dolichocarpa, suggested that this set of microsatellite markers should provide a useful tool for genetic and conservation studies of Sinojackia species and other closely related taxa in the Styracaceae.
Study of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine non‐responsiveness among health care workers from an endemic area (Taiwan)
Authors: Yen Yi‐Hao , Chen Chien‐Hung , Wang Jing‐Houng , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Changchien Chi‐Sin , Lu Sheng‐Nan 
Published: September 2005

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the etiology of non‐responsiveness to hepatitis B (HB) vaccination in adults from an endemic area.Methods: A total of 250 subjects who were HBsAg negative and anti‐HBs<10 mIU/ml received three‐dose HB‐vaccine series. Anti‐HBs ‘negative’ was defined as a level<1.5 mIU/ml. ‘Weakly’ positive was defined as 1.5–10 mIU/ml at pre‐vaccination testing. Anti‐HBs response was defined as a level >10 mIU/ml at post‐vaccination testing. Among non‐responders who were anti‐HBc positive, serum anti‐HBe and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were tested.Results: Three variables were associated with non‐responsiveness by univariate analysis: anti‐HBc positive, male gender, and age >40 years. Multivariate analysis additionally showed that anti‐HBs negative was associated with non‐responsiveness. Among 23 non‐responders in anti‐HBc positive subjects, post‐vaccination serum was available in 16 subjects. HBV‐DNA in all subjects was under detectable level by PCR assay. Anti‐HBe positive were found in 13 of 16 subjects and were assumed to be occult HBV infection.Conclusion: Male gender, age >40 years and anti‐HBc positive are associated with non‐responsiveness to HB vaccination. Most of non‐responders among anti‐HBc positive subjects were assumed to be occult HBV infection. Subjects with weakly positive anti‐HBs were associated with responsiveness which may be the effect of immune memory.
Changing educational paradigms in transfusion medicine and cellular therapies: development of a profession
Authors: Hathaway Elaine Osier 
Published: September 2005

The transfusion medicine profession can be easily compared and contrasted with an early 1900 ironclad ship operating in the rough seas of the 21st century. Without modifying the old ship to today's standards, even the captain and crew will begin to expect the ship to meet its demise. The unfortunate passengers, on the other hand, do not expect that they are on an old obsolete ship and, instead, are innocent victims stuck on a doomed course. The old ironclad ship must change into a sleek cruiser and utilize the latest available technology so that its well‐educated and competent captain and crew can safely navigate even the most challenging waters.The transfusion medicine profession must transform itself into a state‐of‐the‐art ship so that it, like the refurbished ironclad ship, can be set on cruise control through the open seas. The question facing our industry is do we have the courage to utilize modern technology and to commit the funds necessary to develop, implement, and maintain our existence?It is difficult to plot a steady course into the future because of existing challenges that stand ready to sink our profession, including economic wrangling over regulation, technologic changes, generation conflict, and political differences that threaten our excellence. The primary purpose of this article is to focus on the educational needs that affect all personnel involved in transfusion medicine. In addition, this article will address potential adverse outcomes and investigate possible resolutions to avoid the “sinking ship.”Within the next 5 to 7 years, without a corrective course of action, our profession will be at the bottom of the clinical ladder, remembered more for its demise and tragic ending than for its accomplishments. It is hoped, successful implementation of changes in educational paradigms in transfusion medicine may lead to a renaissance within our workforce—generations working together, each sharing and learning from one another.
Strengthening the service continuum between transfusion providers and suppliers: enhancing the blood services network
Authors: Sime Stacy L. 
Published: September 2005

As the cost of health care increases, the focus on cost containment grows. The pressure to reduce costs comes at the same time the public focus is on ensuring a zero‐risk blood supply. The blood supply has never been safer or more expensive. With the relative vanquishing of transfusion‐transmitted diseases, noninfectious risks now exceed infectious risks. This has resulted in a call to refocus blood safety efforts on interconnected processes that link a unit of blood from its volunteer blood donor to the patient.Additional costs in the blood supply chain will create new pressures on an already taxed system that gets little additional reimbursement with each new safety initiative. Opposing interests have created a tenuous relationship between the blood supplier and the transfusion provider. This adversarial relationship does not benefit the ultimate stakeholder, the patient. It is time to create a service partnership that is built on access, cost, and quality. Initiatives must be undertaken at a local, regional, and national level. Locally, blood suppliers and transfusion providers must reevaluate policies that are focused on individual gain and reinvent policies that will reward improvements in the overall system and expand cooperative services. Regionally, both blood suppliers and transfusion providers need to consolidate services to gain cost and quality benefits without compromising the competitive nature of the industry. Nationally, the creation of a strategic plan will help ensure that a mutually beneficial relationship focused on the patient is created between the blood supplier and transfusion provider at all levels. Development of such a plan would benefit the transfusing and supplying parties by identifying areas of common interest and how each may facilitate the achievement of shared benefits.
Grounded Theory Methods and Qualitative Family Research
Authors: LaRossa Ralph 
Published: September 2005

There is an irony—perhaps a paradox—here: that a methodology that is based on “interpretation” should itself prove so hard to interpret. (Dey, 1999, p. 23)
Among the different qualitative approaches that may be relied upon in family theorizing, grounded theory methods (GTM), developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, are the most popular. Despite their centrality to family studies and to other fields, however, GTM can be opaque and confusing. Believing that simplifying GTM would allow them to be used to greater effect, I rely on 5 principles to interpret 3 major phases in GTM coding: open, axial, and selective. The history of GTM establishes a foundation for the interpretation, whereas recognition of the dialectic between induction and deduction underscores the importance of incorporating constructivism in GTM thinking. My goal is to propose a methodologically condensed but still comprehensive interpretation of GTM, an interpretation that researchers hopefully will find easy to understand and employ.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SPATIALLY INHOMOGENEOUS BALANCE LAWS
Authors: EHRT JULIA , HÄRTERICH JÖRG 
Published: September 2005

We study the longtime behavior of spatially inhomogeneous scalar balance laws with periodic initial data and a convex flux. Our main result states that for a large class of initial data the entropy solution will either converge uniformly to some steady state or to a discontinuous time-periodic solution. This extends results of Lyberopoulos, Sinestrari and Fan and Hale obtained in the spatially homogeneous case. The proof is based on the method of generalized characteristics together with ideas from dynamical systems theory. A major difficulty consists of finding the periodic solutions which determine the asymptotic behavior. To this end we introduce a new tool, the Rankine–Hugoniot vector field, which describes the motion of a (hypothetical) shock with certain prescribed left and right states. We then show the existence of periodic solutions of the Rankine–Hugoniot vector field and prove that the actual shock curves converge to these periodic solutions.
Involvement of Rel/Nuclear Factor-κB Transcription Factors in Keratinocyte Senescence
Authors: Bernard David , Gosselin Karo , Monte Didier , Vercamer Chantal , Bouali Fatima , Pourtier Albin , Vandenbunder Bernard , Abbadie Corinne 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
After a finite doubling number, normal cells become senescent, i.e., nonproliferating and apoptosis resistant. Because Rel/nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factors regulate both proliferation and apoptosis, we have investigated their involvement in senescence. cRel overexpression in young normal keratinocytes results in premature senescence, as defined by proliferation blockage, apoptosis resistance, enlargement, and appearance of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity. Normal senescent keratinocytes display a greater endogenous Rel/NF-κB DNA binding activity than young cells; inhibiting this activity in presenescent cells decreases the number of cells expressing the SA-β-Gal marker. Normal senescent keratinocytes and cRel-induced premature senescent keratinocytes overexpressed manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a redox enzyme encoded by a Rel/NF-κB target gene. MnSOD transforms the toxic O2 into H2O2, whereas catalase and glutathione peroxidase convert H2O2 into H2O. Neither catalase nor glutathione peroxidase is up-regulated during cRel-induced premature senescence or during normal senescence, suggesting that H2O2 accumulates. Quenching H2O2 by catalase delays the occurrence of both normal and premature cRel-induced senescence. Conversely, adding a nontoxic dose of H2O2 to the culture medium of young normal keratinocytes induces a premature senescence-like state. All these results indicate that Rel/NF-κB factors could take part in the occurrence of senescence by generating an oxidative stress via the induction of MnSOD.
Identification of HRPAP20
Authors: Karp Cristina M. , Pan Huiqui , Zhang Mingyu , Buckley Donna J. , Schuler Linda A. , Buckley Arthur R. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The prolactin (PRL)-dependent rat Nb2 T lymphoma is a valuable model for investigation of molecular mechanisms that underlie tumor progression in hormone-dependent cancers. mRNA differential display was used to screen for novel gene products expressed in hormone-stimulated or differentiating agent-treated Nb2 sublines. From numerous transcripts identified, DNA sequencing and GenBank analysis revealed a novel 289-bp fragment. Using 5′-rapid amplification of complementary ends-PCR, this fragment was used to clone a unique 2117-bp cDNA, designated HRPAP20 (hormone-regulated proliferation-associated protein), in rat lymphoma cells. Computer-assisted sequence analysis revealed a single open reading frame that encoded a putative 20.2-kDa protein. The effect of hormone stimulation to alter expression of HRPAP20 was evaluated by Northern blot analysis of total RNA obtained from PRL-stimulated, lactogen-dependent Nb2-11 cells. Quiescent cells, synchronized in the G0-G1 phase of cell cycle, exhibited reduced HRPAP20 expression compared with exponentially proliferating cultures. The addition of mitogenic concentrations of PRL to stationary cells increased HRPAP20 mRNA accumulation within 4–6 h, corresponding to G1 cell cycle progression. Immunoblot analysis showed that PRL also increased HRPAP20 protein levels within 4 h. In addition, PRL stimulated serine phosphorylation of the HRPAP20 protein with a similar kinetic pattern. Stable transfection of the HRPAP20 cDNA into Nb2-11 cells significantly (P &lt; 0.01) increased proliferation in the absence of hormonal stimulation and inhibited apoptosis induced by lactogen deprivation (P &lt; 0.001). In the hormone-independent and highly malignant Nb2-SFJCD1 subline, the constitutive expression of HRPAP20 was markedly reduced by exposure of the cells to dietary differentiating agents (butyrate, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3). After removal of these substances, PRL stimulated its expression in a manner similar to that observed in PRL-dependent Nb2-11 cells. HRPAP20 expression was also evaluated in MCF-7 cells. Its expression was detectable in quiescent cultures; addition of PRL significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased HRPAP20 during G1 cell cycle progression. Exposure of the cells to butyrate or retinoic acid reduced HRPAP20 expression, similar to the effects of these substances in the malignant rat lymphoma. Stable transfection of HRPAP20 into MCF-7 cells significantly (P &lt; 0.006) increased proliferation in the absence of hormone stimulation and augmented survival in the absence of serum (P &lt; 0.05). We conclude that HRPAP20 is a phosphoprotein that is required for proliferation and survival of hormone-dependent tumor cells.