bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma based on combined measurement of multiple serum tumor markers using artificial neural network analysis
Authors: Yang Yingchi , Chen Hui , Wang Dong , Luo Wei , Zhu Biyun , Zhang Zhongtao 
Published: January 2024

Background
Artificial neural network (ANN) has demonstrated the ability to assimilate information from multiple sources to enable the detection of subtle and complex patterns. In this research, we evaluated an ANN model in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer using multiple serum markers.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis, 913 serum specimens collected at the Department of General Surgery of Beijing Friendship Hospital were analyzed for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The three tumor marker values were used as inputs into an ANN and randomized into a training set of 658 (70.31% were malignant) and a test set of the remaining 255 samples (70.69% were malignant). The samples were also evaluated using a Logistic regression (LR) model.

Results
The ANN-derived composite index was superior to each of the serum tumor markers alone and the Logistic regression model. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) was 0.905 (95% confidence Interval (CI) 0.868-0.942) for ANN, 0.812 (95% CI 0.762-0.863) for the Logistic regression model, 0.845 (95% CI 0.798-0.893) for CA19-9, 0.795 (95% CI 0.738-0.851) for CA125, and 0.800 (95% CI 0.746-0.854) for CEA. ANN analysis of multiple markers yielded a high level of diagnostic accuracy (83.53%) compared to LR (74.90%).

Conclusion
The performance of ANN model in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is better than the single tumor marker and LR model.
MicroRNA 145 may play an important role in uveal melanoma cell growth by potentially targeting insulin receptor substrate-1
Authors: Yang Li , Qiming Huang , Xuehui Shi , Xiang Jin , Li Shen , Xiaolin Xu , Wenbin Wei 
Published: January 2024

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to tumorigenesis by acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-145 in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma.

Methods
Expression profiles of miRNAs in uveal melanoma were performed using Agilent miRNA array. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to screen the expression levels of miR-145 in normal uveal tissue, uveal melanoma tissue, and uveal melanoma cell lines. Lenti-virus expression system was used to construct MUM-2B and OCM-1 cell lines with stable overexpression of miR-145. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis of these miR-145 overexpression cell lines were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry respectively. The target genes of miR-145 were predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) proteins was determined by Western blotting analysis. IRS-1 was knocked down in OCM-1 cells. TUNEL, BrdU, and flow cytometry assay were performed in IRS-1 knocked down OCM-1 cell lines to analyze its function.

Results
Forty-seven miRNAs were up regulated in uveal melanoma and 61 were down regulated. miR-145 expression was significantly lower in uveal melanoma sample and the cell lines were compared with normal uveal sample. Overexpression of miR-145 suppressed cell proliferation by blocking the G1 phase entering S phase in uveal melanoma cells, and promoted uveal melanoma cell apoptosis. IRS-1 was identified as a potential target of miR-145 by dual luciferase reporter assay. Knocking down of IRS-1 had similar effect as overexpression of miR-145.

Conclusion
miR-145 might act as a tumor suppressor in uveal melanoma, and downregulation of the target IRS-1 might be a potential mechanism.
Upregulated heme oxygenase-1 expression of mouse mesenchymal stem cells resists to chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression
Authors: Chen Shuya , Wang Jishi , Fang Qin , Gao Rui , Shi Qianying , Zhang Hui , Zhao Jiangyuan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Bone marrow hematopoietic function suppression is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, the bone marrow structure gets destroyed and the cells died, which might cause the hematopoietic function suppression. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key enzyme of antioxidative metabolism that associates with cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. The aim of this study was to restore or resist the bone marrow from the damage of chemotherapy by the HO-1 expression of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) homing to the mice which had the chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression.

Methods
One hundred and sixty female Balb/c mice (6–8-weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was performed in 40 mice. The control group was intraperitoneally injected for 5 days and tail intravenously injected on the 6th day with normal saline. The chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression was established by intraperitoneally injecting cyclophosphamide (CTX) into the mice which performed as the chemotherapy group. The mMSCs were tail intravenously injected into 40 chemotherapically damaged mice which served as the mMSCs group. The difference between the HO-1 group and the mMSCs group was the injected cells. The HO-1 group was tail intravenously injected into the mMSCs that highly expressed HO-1 which was stimulated by hemin. The expression of HO-1 was analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Histopathologic examinations were performed 1 week after injection.

Results
Compared with the control group, the expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in the HO-1 group (all P <0.05), even obviously than the mMSCs group. CTX treatment induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation. After injected, the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) declined fast and down to the bottom at the 7th day. The bone marrow structure was destroyed incomplete. In vitro, the survival rate of cells in chemotherapy group was less than 50% after 24 hours. In contrast, mMSCs could do a favor to the cellular cleavage and proliferation. They slowed down the cell mortality and more than 50% cells survived after 24 hours. The effects of blocking apoptosis and bone marrow recovery could be more effective in the HO-1 group. In the HO-1 group, it had observed that the bone marrow structure became complete and the hemogram closed to normal at 7th day.

Conclusions
HO-1 played an important role in promoting the recovery of CTX-induced hematopoietic damage. We suggest that HO-1 is able to restore the functions of chemotherapy-induced hematopoietic damage.
Breast milk macronutrient composition and the associated factors in urban Chinese mothers
Authors: Yang Titi , Zhang Yumei , Ning Yibing , You Lili , Ma Defu , Zheng Yingdong , Yang Xiaoguang , Li Wenjun , Wang Junkuan , Wang Peiyu 
Published: January 2024

Background
Infancy is a critical period of growth and physiological development, in which breast milk is the best source of nutrients. Compared to western countries, research on breast milk of Chinese population are limited. Thus, it is necessary to measure breast milk energy and macronutrient concentrations of healthy urban Chinese mothers at different lactation stages, to expand the database of milk composition of Chinese population, and to examine whether dietary or other maternal factors can affect the levels of macronutrients in breast milk.

Methods
Breast milk of full expression of one side breast from 436 urban Chinese lactating mothers at 5-11 days, 12-30 days, 31-60 days, 61-120 days, and 121-240 days postpartum was obtained at 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Total energy, lactose, protein, and fat contents were measured. 24-hour dietary recall was surveyed, and maternal nutrient intakes were analyzed.

Results
Milk composition changed over the course of lactation and large individual variations were documented. The concentrations were 61.3 kcal/dl for total energy, 7.1 g/dl for lactose, 0.9 g/dl for protein, and 3.4 g/dl for fat in mature milk. Stage of lactation was a strong factor affecting milk composition. Minimal evidence was found for associations between maternal current dietary intake and milk macronutrient concentration, consistently with prior research. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with milk fat content, to a greater extent than did dietary intake. All other maternal characteristics were not significant for milk composition.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that milk composition is generally weakly associated with maternal factors except for stage of lactation, and is likely to be more susceptible to long-term maternal nutritional status than short-term dietary fluctuation.
Differences in P50 and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex between male smokers and non-smokers with first episode schizophrenia without medical treatment
Authors: Song Lisheng , Chen Xingshi , Chen Meijuan , Tang Yunxiang , Wang Jijun , Zhang Mingdao , Lou Feiying , Liang Jianhua , Chen Chong 
Published: January 2024

Backgorund
Nicotine may improve schizophrenia patient’s cognitive deficit symptoms. This study was to explore the chronic effects of smoking on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) and P50 in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES).

Methods
The event-related potentials (ERP) recording and analysis instrument made by Brain Products, Germany, was used to detect PPI and P50 in 49 male FES patients (FES group, n=21 for smokers and n=28 for non-smokers) and 43 normal male controls (control group, n=19 for smokers and n=24 for non-smokers).

Results
Compared with normal controls, the FES group had prolonged PPI latency when elicited by single stronger stimulus (P <0.05); the FES group had prolonged PPI latency and increased PPI amplitude (P <0.05, 0.01) when elicited by weak and strong stimuli. The FES group had lower PPI inhibition rate than normal controls (P <0.05). Compared with normal controls, the FES group had increased P50-S2 amplitude and increased amplitude ratio S2/S1 (both P <0.05). In the control group, the smokers had a tendency of increase in P50-S2 amplitude (P >0.05) and shorter P50-S2 latency (P <0.05) than the non-smokers. The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers (P <0.05). In the FES group, the smokers had higher P50-S1 amplitude, shorter P50-S2 latency, and higher amplitude ratio S2/S1 than the non-smokers (P <0.05, 0.01). The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers (P <0.05).

Conclusions
There is obvious PPI and P50 deficits in schizophrenic patients. However, these deficits are relatively preserved in the smokers compared with the non-smokers, which suggests that long-term smoking might partially improve the sensory gating in schizophrenic patients. Whether this conclusion can be deduced to female patients requires further follow-ups.
Progress of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for ocular neovascular disease: benefits and challenges
Authors: Jianjiang Xu , Yimin Li , Jiaxu Hong 
Published: January 2024

Objective
This review aims to summarize the progress of current clinical studies in ocular angiogenesis treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and to discuss the benefits and challenges of the treatment. Data sources Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched with no limitations of language and year of publication.

Study selection
Clinical trials and case studies presented at medical conferences and published in peer-reviewed literature in the past decade were reviewed.

Results
Anti-VEGF agents have manifested great potential and promising outcomes in treating ocular neovascularization, though some of them are still used as off-label drugs. Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents could be accompanied by devastating ocular or systemic complications, and intimate monitoring in both adult and pediatric population are warranted. Future directions should be focused on carrying out more well-designed large-scale controlled trials, promoting sustained duration of action, developing safer and more efficient generation of anti-VEGF agents.

Conclusions
Anti-VEGF treatment has proved to be beneficial in treating both anterior and posterior neovascular ocular diseases. However, more safer and affordable antiangiogenic agencies and regimens are warranted to be explored.
Overexpression of SIRT1 is a poor prognostic factor for advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Jiang Kewei , Lyu Liang , Shen Zhanlong , Zhang Jizhun , Zhang Hui , Dong Jianqiang , Yan Yichao , Liu Fangfang , Wang Shan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to have diverse roles in various biological processes through deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. However, the correlations among SIRT1 protein expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival of colorectal cancer patients remain unclear.

Methods
SIRT1 protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in a paraffin-embedded tissue microarray, including 120 paired colorectal cancer and normal mucosa tissues. The correlations among SIRT1 protein expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis were analyzed.

Results
All samples (100%) were positive for SIRT1, with variable staining in the cytoplasm rather than in the nucleus. There was significant difference in SIRT1 overexpression between adenocarcinomas and normal mucosal tissue (P <0.01, χ2 test). SIRT1 overexpression was more frequently observed in advanced-stage tumors (P=0.046, 0.002, χ2 test). SIRT1 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (P=0.013, log-rank test) and disease-free survival (P=0.012, log-rank test).

Conclusions
SIRT1 overexpression correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. SIRT1 may play an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer.
Clinical efficacy of 0.1% pranoprofen in treatment of dry eye patients: a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jingyao Chen , Fei Dong , Wei Chen , Xuguang Sun , Yingping Deng , Jing Hong , Mingchang Zhang , Wenzhao Yang , Zuguo Liu , Lixin Xie 
Published: January 2024

Background
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and the ocular surface. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, pranoprofen, in the treatment of dry eye.

Methods
It is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, controlled, parallel group study. One hundred and fifteen patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease (55-60 in each treatment group) participated in this multi-center study. Patients were randomly administered with eyedrops containing 0.1% pranoprofen (PRA) plus 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (SH) or SH only, three times daily for 28 days, followed by a 1-week after treatment observation. Dry eye symptom score (DESS), fluorescein corneal staining (FLCS), tear break-up time (TBUT), and Shirmer 1 tear test (ST1, without anesthesia) were evaluated or conducted before treatment and at each study visit. Conjunctival impression cytology was taken from the patients treated with PRA plus SH before and after treatment and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the changes of human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1).

Results
Patients treated with PRA plus SH showed gradual improvements of DESS, FLCS, and TBUT. Between-group comparisons of FLCS and TBUT have statistically significant differences from day 14. Good tolerance with no severe adverse events was found in both groups. Patients treated with PRA plus SH had a reduced expression level of HLA-DR and were statistically different after 28 days of therapy.

Conclusions
The application of PRA at a dose of 0.1% was well tolerated and benefited to the patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease. The underlying mechanism of its efficacy may be associated with the reduction of inflammatory factors of conjunctival epithelial cells.
Duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery on type 2 diabetic rats reduces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the thoracic aorta
Authors: Wubulikasimu Maimaitiyusufu , Haifeng Han , Zhibo Yan , Xiang Zhang , Shaozhuang Liu , Guangyong Zhang , Aimaiti Kasimu , Sanyuan Hu 
Published: January 2024

Background
Bariatric surgery offers a productive resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The development of T2DM vasculopathy is due to chronic inflammation, which increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression. This study sought to examine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the thoracic aorta after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on a T2DM rat model induced by a high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ).

Methods
Twenty-one T2DM Wistar rats induced by high-fat diet and low dose STZ were randomly divided into DJB and sham duodenal-jejunal bypass (S-DJB) groups. Ten Wistar rats were fed a normal diet as a control. Recovery of gastrointestinal function post-operation and resumption of a normal diet completed the experiment. Body weight, blood glucose, blood lipid levels, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression levels in aortic endothelial cells were measured throughout.

Results
DJB rats showed significant weight loss 2 weeks post-operation compared with S-DJB rats. After surgery, DJB rats showed significant improvement and steady glycemic control with improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. They also exhibited improved lipid metabolism with a decrease in fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (all P <0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression 12 weeks after surgery (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
DJB surgery on an induced T2DM rat model improves blood glucose levels and lipids, following a high-fat diet and low dose STZ treatment. In addition, DJB decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells, which may play an important role in delaying the development of T2DM vascular disease.
Evaluation of clinical application of ESICM acute gastrointestinal injury grading system: a single-center observational study
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Nan , Dong Lihua , Fu Yao , Liu Zhongmin , Wang Yushan 
Published: January 2024

Background
In 2012, the working group on abdominal problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) proposed a definition and also guidelines for the grading system and treatment of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI). Until now, clinical reports on this topic have not been available, and the practicality of using the AGI grading system requires further validation in the clinic. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing the current AGI grading system in a clinical environment, and to provide evidence for its usefulness in assessing the severity and prognosis of critically ill patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Methods
A total of 133 patients were examined for the presence or absence of AGI, their scores on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Lausanne Intestinal Failure Estimation (LIFE) test, and 28 days mortality. The presence and severity of AGI was based on guidelines provided by the ESICM. The patients were assigned to a NO-AGI group (n=50) or an AGI group (n=83). The AGI group was then further divided into three subgroups, consisting of AGI I (risk group, n=38), AGI II (gastrointestinal dysfunction group, n=33) and AGI III+AGI IV (gastrointestinal failure group, n=12). These subgroups were then compared for differences in AGI indicators.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the AGI group and the NO-AGI group in terms of age, gender, APACHE II score or LIFE score (P > 0.05); however, the two groups showed a significant difference in their respective rates of 28 days mortality (32.5% in the AGI group vs. 8.0% in the NO-AGI group (P < 0.05)). Patients in the three AGI subgroups showed significant differences in their 28 d mortality rates, APACHE II, and LIFE scores. AGI grading system showed strong positive correlations with APACHE II and LIFE scores (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The current AGI grading system can be used to identify and evaluate gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients, and also to provide a preliminary assessment regarding the prognosis for patients with different grades of AGI.

Chin Med J 2014;127 (10): 1833-1836
KumaFix fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures: a prospective study on selective consecutive patients
Authors: Yan Liang , Guo Hua , Xu Zhengwei , Liu Tuanjiang , Wang Xiaodong , He Baorong , Hao Dingjun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Short-segment U-shaped pedicle screw fixation has been widely used to treat thoracolumbar burst fracture. Some studies have reported the disadvantages of traditional U-shaped pedicle screw, which included a relatively high rate of adjacent segment degeneration and screw failure, including screw pullout and breakage. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of open reduction and fixation using KumaFix fixation system in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Methods
From June 2011 to June 2012, 45 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to treatment with KumaFix (the treatment group, n=23) or traditional U-shaped pedicle screw (the control group, n=22). The patients were followed up postoperatively and were assessed with regard to radiologic and clinical outcomes. Radiologic outcomes were assessed mainly on the basis of Cobb angle and vertebral wedge angle. Clinical outcomes were evaluated mainly with use of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Questionnaire.

Results
All patients were followed up from 9 to 22 months. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to preoperative indices. The operation time in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Preoperative Cobb angles and vertebral wedge angles in two groups were significantly decreased after surgery, and these have been well maintained at the last follow-up with mild correction losses. The results of clinical outcome showed lower VAS and ODI scores in two groups compared with those preoperative, and the treatment group had greater improvement on the ODI compared with the control group at the last follow-up.

Conclusions
Compared with traditional U-shaped pedicle screw, KumaFix fixation system can achieve gradual, controlled reduction, provide enough space for bone implantation, and avoid acceleration of adjacent segment degeneration. It is an effective and reliable technique to treat thoracolumbar burst fractures.