bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
King David
Authors: McKenzie Steven L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most important and complex characters in the Bible, King David has been the subject of innumerable portraits, both artistic and literary. Michaelangelo’s magnificent sculpture of him is perhaps the single best known work of art in the world, and the story of the humble shepherd who slew Goliath and became king has assumed a powerful mythological status. But was David a real person—and if so what kind of person was he? Through a close and critical reading of biblical texts, ancient history, and recent archeological discoveries, Steven L. McKenzie concludes that David was indeed a real person. This David, however, was no hero but a usurper, adulterer, and murderer—a Middle Eastern despot of a familiar type. McKenzie shows that the story of humble beginnings is utterly misleading: “shepherd” is a metaphor for “king,” and David came from a wealthy, upper-class background. Similarly, McKenzie reveals how David’s ascent to power, traditionally attributed to popularity and divine blessing, in fact resulted from a campaign of terror and assassination. While instituting a full-blown Middle Eastern monarchy, David was an aggressive leader, a devious politician, and a ruthless war chief. Throughout his scandalous reign, important figures who stood in his way died at convenient times, under questionable circumstances. Even his own sons were not spared. David’s story, writes McKenzie, “reads like a modern soap opera, with plenty of sex, violence, and struggles for power.” Carefully researched and vividly written, King David: An Unauthorized Biography offers a provocative reappraisal of the life of one of the Bible’s most compelling figures.
Managed Care Services
Authors: Veeder Nancy W , Peebles-Wilkins Wilma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides a broad analysis of the policy, programmatic, and research issues surrounding managed care services delivery systems that provide the majority of health and behavioral health care services in the United States. By including an interdisciplinary group of authors and addressing multiple fields of practice including health care, gerontology, child welfare, substance abuse, and mental health, the editors provide a broad overview of “macro” managed care issues.
The Macroeconomic Impact of Managed Care
Authors: Shindul-Rothschild Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The financing of health care services has historically been complicated by a patchwork of providers and insurers whose interests often conflict with those of the public. Over the past decade, payers and consumers did reach accord that aggressive measures were needed to bring the spiraling costs of health care under control. For years, policy makers and insurers recognized that the “blank check” form of financing had rewarded providers for charging and doing more. Regulations promulgated at the state and federal level had slowed health care costs in some states and for some services, but overall, reports of unnecessary or inappropriate surgical procedures, tests, and specialist referrals continued virtually unchecked.
Managed care offered several innovations in financing that theoretically would force providers and patients to become more cost conscious through competition, not regulation. Capitation and other risk-sharing arrangements were among the novel reimbursement schemes proposed by managed care insurers. Under the old cost-based form of reimbursement, providers billed insurers for services rendered and received a payment based on their charges. The incentive was to drive up volume, which in tum drove up costs. In capitation, providers are paid a lump sum for each patient enrolled in the provider ‘s organization. Under capitation, financial risk is shared jointly by the provider and the insurer. These risk-sharing arrangements give providers an incentive to control utilization through health promotion and careful case management.
The Intersection of Fee-for-Service, Managed Health Care, and Cultural Competence
Authors: Davis King 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout the twentieth century, a large number of studies and authors have confirmed that access, quality of care, and years of healthy living showed a significant relationship to race, ethnicity, income, and social class under the traditional fee-for-service system prevalent in the United States (Abe-Kim & Takeuchi, 1996; Ayanian, 1994; Center for Health Economics Research, 1993; Clinton, 1998; Cole & Pilisuk, 1976; Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, 1989; Garretson, 1993; Gaston, Barrett et al., 1998; Hadley, Steinberg et al., 1991; Hawkins & Rosenbaum, 1993; Jang, Lee et al., 1998; Jones & Gray, 1986; Livingston, 1994; Moy & Bartman, 1995; Mutchler & Burr, 1991; McWhorter & Moyer, 1987; Rice & Winn, 1990; Peterson, Wright et al., 1994; Weiss, 1997). These articles and studies show that under the American fee-for-service system the health and mental health problems of low-income people of color were misdiagnosed frequently, diagnosed more severely than the symptoms warranted, but treated less frequently with current medical procedures than were whites, even when there were no differences in ability to pay for services (Mutchler & Burr, 1991; Peterson, Wright et al., 1994).
Managed Care and the Severely Mentally III
Authors: Shera Wes 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Managed mental health care is a relatively recent phenomenon and it has unfolded in a variety of forms since the early 1980s (MacLeod, 1993). This chapter describes the evolution of managed mental health care and focuses on the challenges faced by social work in responding to these developments. Major areas of action needed to enhance social work ‘s role in managed care are discussed and include the need to understand current knowledge and practice in managed care, both domestically and internationally; the importance of using efficacy and best-practices information to design systems of care; the need to promote cultural competence in the delivery of services; and the critical role of supporting consumer involvement in the design and monitoring of managed mental health care.
Gorski (1995) describes the evolution of managed care as moving through five distinct phases: utilization review and restricting access; managing benefit utilization; managing care with a primary emphasis on cost control; man aging outcomes; and horizontal and vertical integration of managed care systems.
Why Modern Culture Fails to Understand Religiously Motivated Violence
Authors: Gopin Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The complex nature of the interactions among world religions, peacemaking, and conflict generation in recent decades, in addition to the role of religion throughout history, warrants a special area of investigation. The need for this is urgent. As religion becomes more important in the lives of hundreds of millions of people, the political power generated by this commitment will either lead to a more peaceful world or to a more violent world, depending on how that power is utilized. Only through understanding the nature of this growing enthusiasm for religion can we hope to steer the religious world in the direction of peacemaking and coexistence. Furthermore, only if peace is, and is perceived to be, a part of a principled and meaningful fulfillment of religious experience, rather than a shady compromise with an unredeemed world, will this commitment take hold in the broadest spectrum of those who are now zealously religious. Methods of peacemaking that continue to focus only on political and intellectual elites or that fail to address the broadest possible range of religious believers are leading to systematic and potentially catastrophic diplomatic failures in key areas of the world, such as the Middle East.
Ojibwes, Missionaries, And Hymn Singing, 1828-1867
Authors: Mcnally Michael D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the earlier important narratives written at the hand of an Ojibwe figure is shot through with references to hymn texts and their significance. Published first in 1847 and reissued in 1850 as The Life, Letters, and Speeches of Kah-Ge-Ga-Gah-Bowh, or G. Copway Chief Ojibway Nation, this text offers a glimpse of how complex was the world from which Ojibwe hymns emerged. Born far to the east of Minnesota near Rice Lake, Ontario, George Kahgegagahbowh Copway was an Ojibwe Methodist preacher who became well known on the lecture circuit and in print in the 1840s and 1850s for his vivid descriptions of the customs of his Ojibwe people and of their prospects for conversion and “civilization.” He was a prolific interpreter of his people’s culture to a nonnative audience and a vocal ad, vocate of native interests, at least as he saw those interests. Copway believed the survival and prosperity of Ojibwe people would best be served in the context of religious conversion to evangelical Christianity and cultural assimilation. But Copway was a pragmatist, not an ideologue. His verbal performances of civilization in lecture halls from Boston to Philadelphia also involved sharp criticisms of the savagery that resulted from the oppressive circumstances that faced his people under American rule. In some regards, Copway became what missionaries wanted him to become-a model of that one-directional “progress” characterized by both conversion and as, similation to Anglo-American evangelical religion and culture. But a closer look reveals a far more complicated story that led, among other things, to a falling out with the Methodists, short careers as a Union Army recruiter and a healer in Detroit, and (re,)baptism into the Roman Catholic church.
The Hijab and Religious Liberty: Anti-Discrimination Law and Muslim Women in the United States
Authors: Moore Kathleen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholars have argued that developments since the 1960s in the judicial interpretations of the religion clauses1 of the First Amendment to the Constitution have produced a “more generous and accepting spirit” toward the religious practices of minority religions in the United States.2 It has further been said that certain statutes enacted by the federal government have gone beyond simply allowing free exercise (up to a point) to intervening in social and economic life to ensure that Americans are not deprived of certain rights because of the religious prejudices of their fellow citizens.3 Civil-rights and hate-crimes legislation have specifically targeted discrimination based on racial, ethnic, and national origins, and sexual, as well as religious, differences. The prescribed solution to discrimination of all types, according to these laws, is the creation of a uniform civil code of protection for all persons regardless of their ascribed characteristics (e.g., skin color) or religious beliefs. The liberal guarantee of non discrimination and equal protection of the law, so fundamental to the U.S. Constitution and the Enlightenment ideal of an Archimedean point—in other words, a point of view from nowhere4—are present in the formulation of such uniform codes. For instance, rules and regulations promulgated in compliance with the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibiting discrimination in the workplace, reflect the normative claim for equal or “color blind” treatment.5
The Pursuit Attention
Authors: Derber Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Enough about me, goes the old joke, "what about you? What do you think about me?" Hence the pursuit of attention is alive and well. Even the Oxford English Dictionary reveals a modern coinage to reflect the chase in our technological age: 'ego-surfing' - searching the Internet for occurrences of your own name. What is the cause of this obsessive need for others' recognition? This useful and popular volume, now in a second edition that features major new introductory and concluding essays, entertainingly ponders this question. Derber argues that there is a general lack of social support in today's America, one which causes people to vie hungrily for attention, and he shows how individuals will often employ numerous techniques to turn the course of a conversation towards themselves. Illustrating this 'conversational narcissism' with sample dialogues that will seem disturbingly familiar to all readers, this book analyses the pursuit of attention in conversation - as well as in politics and celebrity culture - and demonstrates the ultimate importance of gender, class, and racial differences in competing for attention. Derber shows how changes in the economy and culture, such as the advent of the Internet, have intensified the rampant individualism and egotism of today. And finally, in a new afterword, he focuses on solutions: how to restructure the economy and culture to humanize ourselves and increase the capacity for community, empathy, and attention-giving.
Every Man for Himself; Every Woman for Herself: Individualism Face-to-Face
Authors: Derber Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychologists have treated attention as a fundamental human need. John Bowlby and Rene Spitz, for example, while studying the emotional development of infants, concluded that the baby’s need for attention is similar to that for food.’ Infants who receive less than a required minimum of attention may die or develop grotesque physical and emotional aberrations. R. D. Laing, in early studies of adult psychiatric patients, found a common preoccupation with being seen or simply being noticed.2 He showed that emotional deterioration frequently results from a form of attention-starvation and that psychotic symptoms can in many cases be pinpointed as obsessive attention fantasies. The paranoid person who feels that everyone is looking at or talking about him may simply be creating in his imagination the attention lacking in his everyday life. The “Napoleonic Complex” and other delusions of grandeur are extreme ways to overcome the feeling of never being noticed.
The Gift of Attention-Giving: On Women Imposed,
Authors: Derber Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Men and women learn to pursue attention differently and expect and accept it in different amounts.’ In all patriarchal societies, women are typically assigned the attention-giving roles and men the attention-getting ones.2 Accordingly, attention-giving be­ comes defined as a “feminine” skill and responsibility, with men gaining attention as a privilege of their gender.
“I Am The Guardian Of Letter” Contested Readings, Authoritative Texts, and Early Christian Scribes
Authors: Haines-Eitzen Kim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient texts were remarkably fluid. The “misinterpretation” and “misuse” of written texts could not be prevented: the interpretation of literary texts was and is unavoidably flexible and dependent upon the varied contexts of readers. Ancient authors knew well the potential for “miscarriage”; Horace captures the risks of “publishing” succinctly, and his words- “the word once sent, never returns” (nescit vox missa reverti) - resonated with other ancient writers (Ars 389-90). Clement of Alexandria feared that his text might fall into the wrong hands (who would “misunderstand” his intentions), and therefore he was reluctant to put words into written form (Stromata, preface). But if ancient and modem texts share the multiple contests that ensue over their interpretation and meaning, ancient texts have an additional fluidity and flexibility: in the ancient context where texts were copied - reproduced - by the hands of individual scribes, there was the unavoidable accident of human error as well as the potential for deliberate modification - (re)production- of texts.
Z
Authors: Andrews Tamra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zeus was the Supreme Deity of the Greeks, their sky god, their weather god, and their upholder of law and order. At first, Zeus was simply a sky god, having usurped the power of the previous sky god, Kronos, who had usurped the power of Ouranos, the sky god before that. But Zeus achieved a stature that far surpassed his predecessors. Not only did he control all forms of atmospheric phenomena, but he also became the all-powerful god of Heaven and earth. In the minds of the people, he advanced to high king, and as king, he used his functions as sky and weather god to deliver discipline in the form of thunder and lightning and blessing in the form of rain.
Chan and "Emptinesl": Chan and the Classical Buddhist Path
Authors: Sheng-yen Master , Stevenson Dan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The word chan (Wade-Giles romanization: ch’an), from which Chan Buddhism, or Zen Buddhism, takes its name, is a Chinese transliteration of the Indian Buddhist term dhyana, meaning “meditative concentration” or “meditative practice:’ Applied specifically to the Chan or Zen school, it carries the particular sense of the cultivation and experience of enlightenment itsel£ and not just any sort of meditative experience.
Islam in the World
Authors: Ruthven Malise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This valuable introductory guide provides a complete and lively summary of Islam, one of the most worldly of the great religions, in which the quest for spiritual fulfillment is inevitably bound up with political aspirations. Malise Ruthven presents a full overview of the religion in its historical, geographic, and social settings. For this revised and long-awaited second edition, Ruthven divides his original chapters into more accessible sub-sections and provides new headings. Also included is a new concluding chapter that focuses on women in Islam, the challenges Islam faces in today's climate of globalization, and the key developments in Islamic political history since 1984--an especially fertile period that has seen, among other things, the Taliban movement in Afghanistan and the controversial publication of Rushdie's Satanic Verses. Islam and the World, Second Edition likewise features a new preface, redrawn maps, updated data on population and dispersal, and a new chronology of events with genealogical charts.
Law and Disorder
Authors: Ruthven Malise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Between Cairo’s Citadel and the leafy suburb of Ma’adi, much patron ized by Egypt’s foreign community, there is a fine thirteenth-century mosque and tomb belonging to the Imam al-Shafi’i, the most influential of the early lawyers of Islam and founder of one of the four madhhabs or legal schools. The mosque and its tomb stand out from the labyrinthine streets of the Southern Cemetery, known as the City of the Dead, an area which is in fact a good deal livelier than its name suggests. The fine stone tombs in which the Cairenes traditionally bury their dead are really houses built from the same Muqattam limestone as the pyramids, according to the standard Arab pattern consisting of a simple courtyard flanked by rooms and an open loggia. The deceased are buried either in vaults beneath the courtyard, the steps of which are usually covered, except when needed to admit a new occupant, or beneath stone cenotaphs with pillars standing fore and aft, like masts of a ship. In the past the rooms were occupied by the bawwabs or doorkeepers employed by the wealthier families to protect the tombs and such valuables as the silver and plate brought out on special occasions―the night after Ramadan, the Prophet’s Birthday or the anniversary of someone’s death. Despite Islam’s discouragement of mortuary cults, many ancient pharaonic practices have survived in Egypt, a fact which is hardly to be marvelled at considering that the pharaonic religion lasted at least three times as long as Islam’s fourteen centuries.
The First Texans
Authors: Campbell Randolph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first people who, figuratively at least, wrote “GTT” on their homes and migrated to Texas probably began the trip eighteen to twenty thousand years ago in Siberia. At that time—known to geologists as the Pleistocene Epoch— vast ice sheets covered the northern parts of the Eurasian and North American continents. More than two miles deep at points, the ice held so much of the earth’s water that sea levels were anywhere from 300 to 320 feet below present levels. The result was the exposure of a wide land bridge from Siberia to Alaska at the Bering Strait. Across Beringia, as it is generally called, came the first humans to occupy the Americas.
Exploration and Adventure, 1519–1689
Authors: Campbell Randolph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first Europeans to reach Texas came from Spain, a development that was anything but accidental. Having spent nearly eight hundred years reconquering their own country, the Spanish were uniquely qualified to conquer new frontiers. Muslims from North Africa called Moors occupied virtually all of Spain in 711–718, and the fight to drive the invaders out continued intermittently until the fall of Granada in 1492. This war of recon quest brought unity to Spain and inextricably linked the Roman Catholic Church with the government. When Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, who married in 1469, took over the thrones of their respective kingdoms ten years later, Spain had the unity necessary not only to defeat the Moors but to expand into other lands as well. Centuries of fighting Muslim invaders intensified Spanish Catholicism, providing a spiritual motivation for further conquests. Once Ferdinand and Isabella neared their goal—”one nation, one monarchy, one faith”—at home, they were well prepared to look outward for new worlds to conquer.
Spanish Texas, 1690–1779
Authors: Campbell Randolph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On April 2, 1690, an expedition of 110 Spanish soldiers and four Franciscan priests crossed the Río Grande and headed toward the site of La Salle’s tragic attempt at colonization on Garcitas Creek. The leaders, Governor Alonso de León of Coahuila and Father Damián Massanet, had no difficulty finding the settlement, having located its ruins the previous year. But their purpose in 1690 was far more ambitious than simply plucking what historian Robert S. Weddle called the “French Thorn” from the northern Gulf coast of New Spain. This time the Spanish came to establish a settlement of their own in East Texas; one that would bring Christianity to the Indians and prevent any future incursions by the French.
Spanish Texas in the Age of Revolutions 1779–1821
Authors: Campbell Randolph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Treaty of Paris in 1763, which officially ended the Great War for Empire, required dramatic revisions in maps showing the possessions of European nations in North America. (See map: North America before and after the Treaty of Paris, 1763.) France lost virtually all its colonies, ceding Louisiana to Spain and giving Canada and all French claims east of the Mississippi to England. Spain gave Florida to England but at least acquired Louisiana. As befitted the victor, England took control of a vast area stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Bay and the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi. The thirteen English colonies along the seaboard from Georgia to New England, so insecure before the war, now appeared to have a great future as part of the world’s most powerful empire.
The Texas Revolution, 1835–1836
Authors: Campbell Randolph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The seeds of revolution in Texas, planted by the arrival of Anglo-Americans during the 1820s, germinated in 1835 when President Santa Anna centralized the government of Mexico. Perhaps the concentration of so many Texians, as immigrants from the United States called themselves, in a single province situated in close proximity to their homeland made revolution inevitable—some day. However, the train of events that led to war in 1835 and independence in 1836 might easily have taken other directions at that time.