bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response Modulation and Emotion Processing: Implications for Psychopathy and Other Dysregulatory Psychopathology
Authors: Newman Joseph P , Lorenz Amanda R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Regardless of its specific etiology, most psychopathology involves maladaptive responses to environmental circumstances. Thus, to the extent that a primary function of emotions is to facilitate appropriate responses to environmental circumstances, psychopathology is likely to reflect an emotion processing deficit. Emotion, however, is an exceedingly broad construct that promotes adjustment by coordinating numerous biopsychological systems, spanning motivation, memory, attention, cognition, and learning. Given this broad view, the emotion deficits associated with psychopathology may reflect a similarly diverse array of biopsychological dysfunctions, including difficulty coordinating the various aspects of emotion processing. Rather than review the myriad possibilities regarding emotion processing deficits in psychopathology, we have elected to focus on a specific biopsychological process, response modulation, which we believe is fundamental to emotion processing but which, to date, has been underutilized by emotion theorists and psychopathologists. More specifically, the purpose of this chapter is to clarify the extent to which deficient response modulation may short-circuit adaptive emotion processing, interfere with self-regulation, and culminate in psychopathology. Toward this end, we (1) briefly review the construct of response modulation, (2) outline a model of emotion processing that highlights the importance of response modulation, and (3) examine the role of response modulation and emotion processing in moderating the selfregulation of behavior. Next, we illustrate the potential importance of response modulation for emotion processing and psychopathology, using psychopathy as a case example. Psychopaths are infamous for their profound emotion and self-regulatory deficits which, we argue, reflect a primary deficit in response modulation. Finally, we broaden our analysis of the relation between response modulation and psychopathology by considering how intense emotion responses may short-circuit adaptive emotion processing and, thus, contribute to the development and maintenance of dysregulatory psychopathology.
Cognitive Biases in Emotional Disorders: Information Processing and Social-Cognitive Perspectives
Authors: Mineka Susan , Rafaeli, Eshkol , Yovel Iftah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the past several decades emotion and psychopathology researchers have devoted a great deal of attention to the study of emotions such as anxiety and depression as they are experienced in the normal range, as well as to their more extreme manifestations, seen in clinically significant emotional disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders. During this time research and theory from various perspectives have been converging on a consensus that views emotion and cognition as closely intertwined. The complex interplay between the two is still being unraveled and explored. Nonetheless, the field has reached a clear appreciation of a number of factors that play a part in this emotion-cognition interface—both for “normal” levels of these emotions and for maladaptive forms of these emotions seen in emotionally disordered individuals. These factors include the evolutionary forces that shaped the architecture of emotion systems at the species level, as well as the basic and social-cognitive learning processes that affect the ontogenesis and functioning of these emotion systems at the individual level. Plutchik (1984) argued from a psychoevolutionary perspective that “cognitions have largely evolved in the service of emotions” (p. 209). According to Plutchik, the interaction of cognition with emotion allows our emotional behaviors to be adaptive responses to biologically significant events. In addition, Gray (1990) has also argued for a “genuine interweaving of emotional and cognitive processes in the workings of the brain” (p. 271). This related argument is that over the course of human evolution, human beings were selected for their ability to learn information about reinforcing events (predators, food, mates). Further, because reinforcers elicit primary emotions, cognitions (appraisals of reinforcing events) are linked to the experience of emotion. Finally, Gray (1990) also cites research which implicates the same neuroanatomical structures and systems in the brain as being involved in important emotionand cognition-related functions (e.g., hippocampus and amygdala). Recently, Cosmides and Tooby (2000) summarized the evolutionary view by noting that emotions serve as “superordinate programs,” or modules of the mind, which are responsible for setting priorities. According to this model, when an emotion is elicited, it activates some subordinate mechanisms (e.g., attention, heuristic processing, or action-readiness programs) and deactivates others (e.g., higher level goals, systematic processing, digestion). In contrast to most other adaptations or modules (cf. Barkow, Cosmides, & Tooby, 1992), emotions are a “mode of operation for the entire psychological architecture”: They are, in a sense, primary.
Hypochondriasis: History of the Concept
Authors: Berrios Germane. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like any other field of empirical research, psychiatric history has to confront general and specific problems. Among the latter, two are particularly salient to the “hypochondriacal disorders.” One pertains to the validity and explanatory power of the so-called continuity hypothesis, (the “Greeks to the present” tale); the other relates to the finding of a definition of hypochondriasis that may survive historical translocation.
Audience and Africanisms in August Wilson’s Dramaturgy A Case Study
Authors: Shannon Sandra G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In what is perhaps one of August Wilson’s earliest published interviews following the sudden notoriety thrust upon him by the Broadway success of Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom, he told Kim Powers about his aspirations for his next work, Joe Turner’s Come and Gone: “My idea is that somewhere, sometime in the course of the play, the audience will discover these are African people. They’re black Americans, they speak English, but their worldview is African.”1
A Metaphor Is a Metaphor Is a Metaphor Exorcising the Homunculus from Appraisal Theory
Authors: Kappas Arvid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to discuss certain misconceptions concerning appraisal processes that are, at least in part, due to the use of specific, implicit or explicit, metaphors. Specifically, I will discuss metaphors of appraisal as thought, appraisals as check lists, and appraisals assuming a homunculus or central decision maker. Furthermore, I suggest that these metaphors impact how appraisals are studied. A metaphor may influence the choice of dependent and independent variables as well as decisions regarding which kinds of processes are relevant for the study of appraisal. In an attempt to provide a more useful operationalization of appraisals for re­ search, I suggest the use of transfer functions to facilitate building and testing theories of appraisal. Finally, I outline my own Dynamic Appraisal Theory of Emotion as an application of the transfer function metaphor.
Social Appraisal: The Social World as Object of and Influence on Appraisal Processes
Authors: Manstead Antony S R , Fischer Agneta H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is not our purpose in this chapter to take issue with appraisal theory. The fact that appraisal theory has made a substantial contribution to our understanding of the emotion process is evident from the sheer scope of this book. Furthermore, appraisal theory can be seen as providing a useful framework within which the study of social and cultural influences on the emotion process can proceed, and indeed, the role played by social and cultural processes in emotion is our concern in this chapter. Our general thesis is that although it has been acknowledged that emotions have social causes and that emotion expressions have social functions (see, e.g., Averill, 1980a, Parkinson, 1995, for an overview), appraisals have generally assumed to be the core of inner emotional experience. Appraisals are considered to reflect the meaning of an event for the individual and its implications for his or her personal well-being and are thus located outside the realm of the social environment (for exceptions, see Mesquita & Ellsworth, this volume; Kappas, 1996; Parkinson, this volume). This does not mean that appraisal theory does not permit the study of social and cultural processes but rather that there has been a tendency in appraisal research to study the operation of appraisal processes at the level of the socially isolated individual.
The Role of Culture in Appraisal
Authors: Mesquita Batja , Ellsworth Phoebe C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries travelers to the South Seas brought back stories of a Malaysian emotional syndrome called amok, in which a per­ son rushes around in a state of frenzy, recklessly attacking anyone who gets in the way, and impervious to all attempts at restraint. No Western language had a word that meant the same thing as amok, and Westerners were fascinated by this bizarre phenomenon. Fascinated, but not mystified. Amok was strange, but it was not unrecognizable, and the term “running amok” was quickly incorporated into Western speech to refer to a kind of violent frenzy that had previously been nameless.
Toward Computational Modeling of Appraisal Theories
Authors: Wehrle Thomas , Scherer Klaus R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years the importance of algorithmic formalizations of affective processes has been steadily increasing. A new field of “affective computing,” located between psychology, engineering, and natural science, demonstrates the promise for interdisciplinary collaboration in these domains. Although the attempt to implement specific models of the emotion process is not new (see the review of the literature hereafter), the availability of powerful techniques in artificial intelligence, the in­ creasing focus on enhanced user interfaces, and on the usability of computer applications render this approach particularly promising and also necessary.
The Nature and Study of Appraisal: A Review of the Issues
Authors: Scherer Klaus R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has focused on appraisal as the central mechanism in the elicitation and differentiation of emotion, providing an up-to-date survey of current theorizing and research. This concluding chapter will take stock of the convergences and differences emerging from the contributions to this book and point to open issues and desiderata for future work in this area. This attempt at integration and extrapolation is a highly personal, subjective enterprise that is unlikely to reflect the views of all contributors. In fact, in some cases some of the opinions expressed in particular chapters are challenged, flagging points of divergence for future discussion. Definitional and terminological issues will be examined briefly before turning to central theoretical issues, addressing both the structure and process of appraisal as well as factors related to variability and context. In conclusion, the research desiderata that have been identified in this book will be reviewed.
Experimental Assessment of Specific Cognitive Abilities during the Second Year of Life
Authors: Wilson Steven M , Corley Robin P , Fulker David W , Steven Reznick J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many researchers in the field of intelligence have accepted the notion of a hierarchical structure of adult intelligence, consisting of a number of specific ability groups as well as a general g factor (Cardon, 1994; Humphreys & Davey, 1988). Psychometrically, specific cognitive abilities are often defined either as the results (following rotation) of a factor analysis of test scores, either without first extracting a g factor (e.g., Guilford, 1967), or as the remaining systematic variance from a diverse test battery after g has been removed (Jensen, 1972, 1979). The nature and number of these abilities, however, varies widely. Thur stone (1938), for example, described six ability groups which he called verbal, space, number, word fluency, memory, and perceptual speed. Conversely, Guil ford (1967) suggested the existence of more than 120 distinctly measurable abilities. In this chapter we focus on the genetic and environmental etiology of individual differences in two specific abilities that can be assessed in young children, word comprehension and memory for location.
Context and Specificity of Individual Differences and Their Origins
Authors: Emde Robert N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapters 18 and 19 in this part concern aspects of the maternal environment and the context of our observations in the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study. The picture that emerges is a dynamic one of mutual influences. For example, one question that is asked is, To what extent do mothers behave differently with monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins? McGuire and Roch-Levecq found evidence that maternal perceptions of differential attention, discipline, and affection differ for the two classes of twins across four ages in that mothers more often saw themselves as behaving similarly with MZ twins. Although this finding seems to violate the common environment assumption for genetic comparisons of twin types (see chapter 2), it is also consistent with findings reported by others in the literature; namely, that parents respond to early behavioral differences in their children. Considering the fact that MZ twins are genetically identical (and DZ twins are not), this finding could also serve as an example of a gene–environment correlation.
The Development of Observed Shyness from 14 to 20 Months: Shyness in Context
Authors: Cherny Stacey S , Saudino Kimberly J , Fulker David W , Plomin Robert , Corley Robin P , Defries John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are many different temperament theories; however, most agree that temperament refers to biologically based, early-appearing behavioral dispositions that display consistency across time and situations (Goldsmith et al., 1987). The issue of consistency across time has been addressed in earlier chapters presenting longitudinal analyses of observer-rated and parent-rated temperament. We now turn to the issue of cross-situational consistency.
Blowing Bubbles In The Cosmos
Authors: Hartquist T W , Dyson J E , Ruffle D P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many astrophysical bodies produce winds, jets or explosions, which blow spectacular bubbles. From a nonmathematical, unifying perspective, based on the understanding of bubbles, the authors address many of the most exciting topics in modern astrophysics including supernovae, the production of structure in the Early Universe, the environments of supermassive black holes and gamma-ray bursts.
Size and Reproductive Success in a Lizard
Authors: Trivers Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I first visited Jamaica in August 1968, in the company of my advisor, Professor Ernest Williams, Harvard’s Curator of Herpetology. Dr. Williams was an authority on Anolis lizards, about 200 species spread from South America to the southern United States and including many species in the West Indies. I took one look at the women of Jamaica and a second look at the island itself and decided that if I had to become a “lizard man” to pay for frequent visits to the island, then by God I would humble myself and become a lizard man.
Selecting Good Genes for Daughters
Authors: Trivers Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When I had published my social insect and lizard work in 1976 I saw two topics ahead of me worth developing: one was a theory of mate choice, and the other, a theory of self-deception. For various reasons I was slow to develop either topic. In chapter 8 I describe my thinking on self-deception. Here I introduce the only paper I managed to publish on a theory of mate choice, a widely neglected paper with Jon Seger, which I believe demonstrates something fundamental, namely, that systems of female choice will naturally evolve with a bias toward the interests of daughters.
Genomic Imprinting
Authors: Trivers Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genomic imprinting refers to a surprising discovery in the 1980s that in mammals (and flowering plants, such as corn) some genes in an individual have their pattern of expression affected by the sex of the parent that contributed the gene. Typically, there are paternally active genes, in which the copy from the father is active while the copy from the mother is inactive, and conversely, there are maternally active genes, in which the paternal copy is silenced. This difference does not reside in the DNA but is some kind of extragenetic piece of information (involving, e.g., how methylated the genes are).
Hunting, Power Scavenging, and Butchering by Hadza Foragers and by Plio-Pleistocene Homo
Authors: Bunn Henry T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evolutionary significance of meat in human forager diet and adaptations is a long-standing and contentious issue in anthropology. A common view among Plio-Pleistocene archaeologists (e.g., Isaac 1984) acknowledges a marked average difference between the dietary meat percentage among extant nonhuman primates (particularly chimpanzees) and human foragers, with meat percentages of up to several percent versus 20–40%, respectively. From that perspective, central research questions for understanding the early evolution of the genus Homo from a more ape-like ancestral hominid are when did such a marked increase in meat-eating occur, and how did that influence the overall behavioral ecology of the genus?
Political Culture and Secession In Mississippi
Authors: Olsen Christopher J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi explores the connections between gender, honour, and electoral politics, and argues that secession resulted from the demands and implications of masculinity within the state's antiparty political culture. Using evidence from local election returns, rural newspapers, manuscripts, and numerous county records, the work sketches a new picture of the varied and colourful world of local politics. It also advances a model of political culture that draws from several disciplines, mixing social science and traditional political history with anthropology and gender and ritual studies. Mississippi's political culture evolved as a system that relied on face-to-face relationships and personal reputation, organized around neighbourhood networks of friends and extended kin. The intimate, public nature of this local setting allowed voters to assess each candidate's individual status and fitness for public leadership. Above all other masculine virtues, men valued independence and physical courage, but also reliability and loyalty to community. The political culture offered numerous chances to demonstrate all of these (sometimes contradictory) qualities, and like duelling and other male rituals, voting and running for office helped set the boundaries of class and power. It mediated between the conflicting values of nineteenth-century American egalitarianism and democracy and the South's exaggerated patriarchal hierarchy, which was sustained by honour and slavery. But the political system functioned effectively only as long as it remained a personal exercise between individuals, divorced from the bureaucratic anonymity of institutional parties. Therefore, the state's dominant political culture was its local, fiercely loyal antiparty tradition that conflated the distinction between men as individuals and as public leaders or representatives. This turned all political conflict into a personal exchange, and explains why Mississippians assessed rhetoric in any public context as a real or potential insult. The political culture, then, dictated men's visceral reaction to the Republicans' anti-Southern free soil programme. Although Republicanism violated their sense of home, the exaggeration and violence of their reaction sprang from their non-institutional political culture. The sectional controversy engaged men where they measured themselves, in public, with and against their peers, and linked their understanding of masculinity with formal politics, through which the voters actually brought about secession.
The Conquest of the Managerial Enterprise
Authors: Morikawa Hidemasa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the various tables in chapter 3 show, the development of managerial enterprises among large, leading enterprises in the post Meiji era accelerated after World War II. Moreover, since 1970, the transformation has been such that the majority of large, leading enterprises are managerial enterprises and, in fact, this period could well be called the “era of managerial enterprises.”
Moral-Ethical, Spiritual Adult
Authors: Hoare Carol Hren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of Erikson’s major concerns about adults was that the mature years of life harbor far too many internal restrictive covenants that are used against the self and others. Adults are “such moral creatures,” he wrote, “that we invariably react to any generalization regarding human behavior … with questions of immediate applicability to conduct.”1 Judging others quickly, adults neglect to ask what human needs they might understand if, on witnessing others’ behavior, they would first try to understand the meaning of such behavior. Instead, they draw conclusions, assign blame, and prescribe remedies. By middle age in particular, superego development has taken its adult as prisoner, leading adults to fear that in their expected-to-be-perfect state, they are far from being as good as they should be, as far as childhood is now distant from the self. As Erikson had illustrated in his prejudice imagery, this leads to self-judgment, to the magnifying of others’ quirks, and to the defensive projection of real or feared flaws onto others. Observed flaws are one’s negative identity; they come from and are deflected backward onto the accusing self.
The incredible Hunt for Double Smoothly Undulating integers
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dr. Googol was exploring the African jungles when he came upon a large snake whose body undulated up and down, up and down, like waves on the water. He had to watch out before the snake encircled him in its muscular twists and turns! Slowly, Dr. Googol began to ponder mathematical undulation.
Audioactive Decay
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dr. Googol smiled at the boy and asked if he could guess the numerical entries in the next row. The boy looked at the paper for a few seconds and said, “This is the Gleichniszahlen-Reihe Monster. But I’m sorry. I don’t know what comes next. And anyway, I’m not supposed to talk to strangers.”
Katydid Sequences
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One day while dining at an elegant restaurant in Westchester, New York, Dr. Googol found a dead katydid in his spinach souffle. He examined the grasshopper-like insect, using his fork. “Disgusting,” his friend Monica said to him. Dr. Googol removed the insect from the spinach. “Monica, this reminds me of katydid sequences” Monica took a deep breath and rolled her eyes. “Do I want to hear about this?” “Sure, it’s a remarkable kind of number sequence.”