bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the tropical ant‐plant Leonardoxa africana (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: DEBOUT G. , SALTMARSH A. , MCKEY D. , RISTERUCCI A.‐M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTen microsatellite loci were isolated from the African ant‐plant Leonardoxa africana (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae). They differentiate the two most divergent subspecies of this polytypic complex, L. a. africana and L. a. gracilicaulis, showing promise for the study of gene flow. In each of these two subspecies, high levels of within‐population variation were observed, with a number of alleles ranging from one to 10 in ssp. africana and from one to 7 in ssp. gracilicaulis, and heterozygosity from 0 to 0.933 in ssp. africana and to 0.867 in ssp. gracilicaulis. All loci amplified successfully in the two other subspecies of L. africana.
Characterization of microsatellite markers for the mangrove tree Avicennia germinans L. (Avicenniaceae)
Authors: NETTEL A. , RAFII F. , DODD R. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe describe 10 primers for amplification of microsatellite loci for the mangrove, Avicennia germinans. Eight loci were isolated from a DNA sample from the Pacific coast of Baja California, Mexico and two loci were isolated from a DNA sample from the Atlantic coast of Bermuda. Polymorphism was investigated in a population from the Mexican Pacific coast (n = 15) and in four samples scattered throughout the range of the species. Total number of alleles for the species ranged from two to 10. Observed heterozygosity in the Mexican Pacific coast population ranged from 0.27 to 0.60, with two loci having fixed alleles.
Microsatellite DNA markers for Lysiphlebus testaceipes
Authors: FAUVERGUE XAVIER , TENTELIER CÉDRIC , GENSON GWENAËLLE , AUDIOT PHILIPPE , GUILLEMAUD THOMAS , STREIFF RÉJANE 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated from the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ten loci were obtained from an enriched partial genomic library. Genetic diversity was analysed at seven of these loci and two natural populations, one on oleander and one on citrus. The observed number of alleles ranged from one to 17, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.37 to 0.82. In both populations, no departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected except for one locus. The differentiation between the two populations was characterized by an FST of 0.09.
Formation of elliptical garnet in a metapelitic enclave by melt‐assisted dissolution and reprecipitation
Authors: ÁLVAREZ‐VALERO A. M. , CESARE B. , KRIEGSMAN L. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMetapelitic residual enclaves in the Neogene Volcanic Province of SE Spain are residues left after melt extraction. Glass (quenched melt) of granitic composition occurs as inclusions in most minerals and as intergranular pockets. The most common enclave types show one stage of garnet growth that is interpreted to have occurred at the same time as glass production. Some of these show a well‐developed foliation outlined by fibrolite, biotite, graphite and glass, which wraps around elongate garnet crystals that have aspect ratios up to 10:1. Based on microstructures and chemistry, the garnet within these rocks shows clear core and mantle structure. The core has an average composition of Alm76–Prp08–Sps14–Grs03 and contains primary inclusions of biotite and melt, trapped during garnet growth. A thin (c. 100 μm), irregular mantle overgrows the garnet core, enclosing oriented fibrolite inclusions in strain caps, and biotite in strain shadows. In places, the overgrowths form skeletal elongated arms, which extend parallel to the foliation. The garnet mantle contains less Mn and higher XMg, but both core and mantle display flat Mn profiles, the contact being a sharp break. Ternary feldspar and Grt–Bt thermometry yield temperatures in the range 800–900 °C, with no systematic differences among the different microstructural domains of elliptical garnet. Based on the observed intracrystalline microstructures, the high amount of melt extraction in the rock by flattening component strain and the chemical zoning of garnet, the formation of elliptical garnet is modelled by a multistage sequence. This involves pressure solution and reprecipitation of the core, followed by post‐kinematic, partly mimetic growth of the garnet mantle.
Pressure, temperature and cooling rates of granulite facies migmatitic pelites from the southern Adirondack Highlands, New York
Authors: STORM L. C. , SPEAR F. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDetailed petrographic analysis was performed on samples from five localities within the southern Adirondacks. Textures and zoning patterns in garnet from all samples provide evidence for dehydration melting of biotite. Zoning of grossular in garnet – providing a record of prograde growth – shows both increasing and decreasing trends in garnet from the same sample. However, Ca concentrations at the garnet rims of most samples are identical (grossular = 3.4%). These observations have been interpreted as evidence for the differential timing of garnet nucleation and growth. All Fe/(Fe + Mg) and some spessartine distributions are consistent between samples, displaying diffusive profiles established largely upon cooling. Only one sample, in which retrogression was minimal, contains garnet with flat Fe/(Fe + Mg) profiles. A general pelitic pseudosection constructed in the system MnNCKFMASH reveals a maximum for Ca in garnet where the plagioclase‐out isopleth intersects the solidus (muscovite = 0). The pseudosection predicts bell‐shaped core‐to‐rim profiles of grossular during anatexis, similar to those observed in the rocks. Garnet–biotite thermometry and GASP barometry indicate peak temperatures of at least 790 °C at about 7–9 kbar, similar to conditions determined for the central Adirondacks. Cooling rates determined from finite difference modelling of spessartine and Fe/(Fe + Mg) diffusional profiles indicate a multi‐stage cooling history in which some period of rapid cooling (>200 °C Myr−1) is required.
Splenic Torsion in an Alpaca
Authors: Smith Jennifer J. , Dallap Barbara L. 
Published: February 2005

Objective—To describe the clinical signs, diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of an alpaca with splenic torsion.Animals—Six‐year‐old female alpaca.Results—Splenic torsion and uterine torsion were the inciting cause for persistent abdominal discomfort in this alpaca. Rectal examination, abdominocentesis, and transabdominal ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of a splenic lesion. Surgical management involved splenectomy of a necrotized spleen.Conclusions—Although rare in occurrence, splenic torsion should be considered as a potential cause of abdominal discomfort in alpacas. Splenectomy is a reasonable and successful method of treatment for a devitalized spleen secondary to splenic torsion in alpacas.Clinical Relevance—Splenic torsion causes persistent abdominal discomfort in camelids and may be associated with uterine torsion. Rectal examination, transabdominal ultrasound and abdominocentesis are useful diagnostic tools to differentiate splenic torsion from other causes of abdominal discomfort. Splenectomy is an uncomplicated procedure in camelids and has a favorable prognosis.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of the Breaking Strength and Stiffness of Polydioxanone (Sizes 2, 7) and Polyglactin 910 (Sizes 3, 6) in the Equine Linea Alba
Authors: Fierheller Erin E. , Wilson David G. 
Published: February 2005

Objective— To determine failure strength, stiffness, and failure mode of 4 suture materials in equine linea alba.Study Design— Randomized complete block design.Sample Population— Linea albas collected from 12 adult horses (mean weight, 475 kg; mean age, 10 years).Methods— The ventral abdominal fascia, including the linea alba, was collected and bisected along the linea alba into right and left halves. Each half was divided into four, 5‐cm sections extending from the umbilicus cranially, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 suture materials: 2 polydioxanone (2 PD), 3 polyglactin 910 (3 PG), 6 polyglactin 910 (6 PG), and 7 polydioxanone (7 PD). A single cycle to failure test was performed on each specimen at a distraction rate of 100 mm/min. Differences in failure strength and stiffness for the materials were evaluated using a mixed linear model with significance set at P<.05.Results— In 94 of 96 test sections, constructs failed by suture failure. There were significant differences in failure strength (P<.0001) and stiffness (P<.001) among the suture/tissue constructs. 7 PD had the highest breaking strength (316.8 N) followed by 6 PG (281.3 N), 3 PG (229.9 N), and 2 PD (193.0 N). Six PG had the largest stiffness (14 N/mm) followed by 3 PG (12.7 N/mm), 7 PD (10.1 N/mm), and 2 PD (7.2 N/mm). Suture breaking strength and stiffness were not affected by linea or fascia thickness, individual horse, half of the linea alba, or abdominal wall position. Eighty‐five (90.4%) suture loops failed adjacent the knot.Conclusions— When tested in single cycle to failure, suture material was more likely to fail than the linea alba. Larger suture materials had higher breaking strengths than smaller suture materials and stiffness was also affected by suture material and size.Clinical Relevance— Given its high initial breaking strength and its relatively longer in vivo strength retention, 7 PD seems an appropriate choice of suture material for closure of the equine linea alba when maximal short‐term failure strength is desired.
Longitudinal Bone Transport for Treatment of Primary Bone Tumors in Dogs: Technique Description and Outcome in 9 Dogs
Authors: Ehrhart Nicole 
Published: February 2005

Objective— To describe a surgical technique for bone transport osteogenesis (BTO) limb salvage and report outcome in 9 dogs with primary bone tumors.Animals— Nine dogs with spontaneously occurring primary bone tumors.Results— BTO surgery was performed as a primary means of limb salvage in 7 dogs and as a salvage procedure after catastrophic allograft infection and failure in 2 dogs. Mean defect size was 9.5 cm with a mean of 123 days distraction until docking. Mean time from surgery to fixator removal was 205 days. Minimum follow‐up was 9 months. There were 2 histologically confirmed local recurrences where although limb function was excellent, eventually resulted in limb amputation. Limb function was good to excellent in all but 2 dogs; 1 was chronically non‐weight bearing before BTO surgery because of complications associated with an allograft limb salvage that had been performed previously on the same limb. The cause of lameness in the other dog was undetermined.Conclusions— BTO limb salvage can be successful in dogs with primary bone tumors. Whereas allograft limb salvage may be simpler from an initial management perspective, BTO has some unique advantages when compared with the allograft technique.Clinical Relevance— BTO has an emerging role in limb salvage surgery for dogs with primary bone tumors. BTO provides excellent long‐term outcomes in some dogs with primary bone tumors and will likely become increasingly more attractive as technique modifications allow the duration of the treatment to be shortened.
Reconstruction of the Lower Eyelid by Third Eyelid Lateral Advancement and Local Transposition Cutaneous Flap After “En Bloc” Resection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 5 Cats
Authors: Schmidt Karin , Bertani Chiara , Martano Marina , Morello Emanuela , Buracco Paolo 
Published: February 2005

Objective— To describe a novel technique for blepharoplasty to cover a tissue defect involving ≥50% of the lower eyelid.Study Design— Prospective clinical study.Animals— Five cats with lower eyelid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods— En bloc resection of SCC by removing ≥50% of the lower lid with either the medial or lateral canthus was performed without other adjunctive treatment for SCC. The lid defect was reconstructed with a transposition skin flap derived from the frontal (medial defect) or temporal (lateral defect) region. The third eyelid was advanced laterally without dissection from its insertion; its outer conjunctival layer was removed, and the skin flap was sutured with single interrupted sutures dorsally over the nictitating membrane, ventrally to the cutaneous edge of the surgical wound and medially or laterally (depending on the canthus removed) to the skin of the remaining lower lid.Results— Satisfactory cosmetic and functional results were achieved and the Schirmer tear tests were normal. In 2 cats, the skin flap needed monthly hair trimming to avoid corneal lesions.Conclusions— After en bloc resection of SCC involving ≥50% of the lower eyelid, reconstruction can be achieved by relocation of the third eyelid and use of a cutaneous transposition flap sutured to the scarified external surface of the third eyelid. Eyelid apposition and lacrimal function were preserved.Clinical Relevance— Blepharoplasty using a cutaneous transposition flap sutured to the scarified surface of a relocated third eyelid should be considered for reconstruction of lower eyelid defects with ≥50% tissue loss of the lid margin.
Methods of Gradual Vascular Occlusion and Their Applications in Treatment of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs: A Review
Authors: Sereda Colin W. , Adin Christopher A. 
Published: February 2005

Objective— To provide a comprehensive review of the experimental and clinical data related to gradual vascular occlusion of congenital portosystemic shunts (CPS) in dogs.Study Design— Literature review.Methods— PubMed literature search (1966–2004).Results— Surgical intervention and complete vascular occlusion have been recommended for CPS therapy in dogs; however, acute complete ligation of CPS is often associated with life‐threatening portal hypertension. Recently, several investigators have attempted to reduce the risk of postoperative portal hypertension by using gradual vascular occlusion. Successful vascular occlusion has been achieved using partial ligation with silk suture, ameroid constrictors, cellophane bands, thrombogenic coils and hydraulic vascular occluders. Objective comparisons of the reliability and rate of vascular occlusion produced by each of these methods have been limited by differences in experimental models and a lack of definitive follow up evaluation in some clinical studies.Conclusions— Gradual vascular occlusion is widely used in the clinical treatment of CPS in dogs. Objective evaluation of the experimental and clinical data on each of the techniques for gradual vascular occlusion is necessary for informed clinical practice and for the planning of future research into this important area.Clinical Relevance— Even from the limited data available, it is clear that the ideal method for gradual vascular occlusion of CPS has yet to be identified.
Construction of Neoglans Penis: A New Sculpturing Technique from Rectus Abdominis Myofascial Flap
Authors: Shaeer Osama , El-Sebaie Ashraf 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Construction of a neoglans penis may be required following glans amputation at circumcision, strangulation by a hair coil, or self-mutilation, among other indications. It may also be combined with phalloplasty to imitate the natural appearance and to support a penile prosthesis.

Aim
This is a report on a novel technique of neoglans construction for a patient with an amputated glans penis as a result of circumcision injury.

Methods
A rectus abdominis myofascial flap was used. The flap was deigned to be a 12 × 4 cm segment of the infraumbilical portion of the muscle, based on the inferior epigastric vessels. The flap was harvested through a paramedian incision. The penis was partially degloved through a circumferential incision 1 cm below its summit. The distal penile skin was utilized to elongate the urethra, so that the urethral meatus would be at the tip of the neoglans. The flap was reflected and tunneled underneath the mons veneris and alongside the penis, to emerge distal to the summit of the penis. The flap was fashioned into the shape of a glans and secured in place around the neourethra. The impression of a corona was achieved by tucking the proximal edge of the flap to its undersurface.

Result
Six months following surgery, the patient had a neoglans penis, a corona, and a urethral meatus at the very tip. The neoglans had similar consistency, color, and shape to the normal glans.

Conclusion
Construction of a neoglans penis is possible using the described sculpturing techniques, with satisfactory cosmetic results.
Toll-Like Receptor 4–Dependent and –Independent Cytokine Secretion Induced by Minimally Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Macrophages
Authors: Miller Yury I. , Viriyakosol Suganya , Worrall Dorothy S. , Boullier Agnès , Butler Susan , Witztum Joseph L. 
Published: February 2005

Objective—Innate immune responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein LDL (LDL) regulate the development of atherosclerosis. We demonstrated previously that an early form of oxidized LDL, minimally modified LDL (mmLDL), triggers cytoskeletal rearrangements in macrophages via CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2. Because lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of TLR4 leads to proinflammatory gene expression, in this study, we asked whether mmLDL also induced proinflammatory signaling.Methods and Results—We studied cytokine secretion and signaling in J774 and primary peritoneal macrophages stimulated with mmLDL, which was prepared by incubating LDL with cells expressing human 15-lipoxygenase. MmLDL stimulated robust phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, and Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, which exceeded that induced by LPS. On the other hand, although mmLDL induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 translocation to the nucleus, there was no detectable NF-κB activation. However, mmLDL induced early mRNA and protein expression of the cytokines MIP-2, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Chemokine MIP-2 but not MCP-1 secretion depended on TLR4/MyD88, ERK1/2, and PI3K signaling. In turn, TLR4 regulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not of Akt, suggesting that mmLDL-induced PI3K activation is TLR4 independent.Conclusions—In macrophages, mmLDL activates TLR4-dependent and -independent signaling pathways, resulting in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. These results provide new insights into the inflammatory origins of atherosclerosis.
Poverty and Demography: The Case of the Gracchan Land Reforms
Authors: Ligt de 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAccording to many ancient historians the second century BC witnessed a fast expansion of slave-staffed estates that pushed large numbers of free peasants off the land. The widespread rural impoverishment caused by this development is thought to have resulted in population decline and a shortage of military recruits. Against this view this paper argues that not only the number of Roman citizens but the free population of Italy as a whole continued to grow during the decades preceding the Gracchan land reforms. This means that Tiberius Gracchus was correct in assuming that the number of impoverished citizens was steadily increasing but wrong to interpret the census figures of the 140s and 130s BC as indicating that the citizen body had begun to shrink. In short, the widespread rural misery lying behind the Gracchan reforms should be seen as a consequence of continuing population growth rather than as a cause of demographic decline.
The Critical Theory of Society: The Longing for the Totally Other
Authors: Siebert Rudolf J. 
Published: February 2005

This essay is concerned with the religious and theological dimension of Max Horkheimer's, Theodor W. Adorno's, and Walter Benjamin's and other theorists' critical theory of society. It aims at a new critical theory of religion, which would go beyond the religious and theological concerns of the critical theory of society. The essay concentrates on the way, in which the critical theorists of the first and second generation dealt with the modern dichotomy between the religious and the secular, the sacred and the profane, revelation and enlightenment, religious faith and autonomous reason, church and state. The critical theorists have left behind the idealistic attempt to reconcile the modern dichotomy of the religious and the secular: e.g., that of Leibnitz, Hegel, Goethe, or Beethoven. The essay focuses on the critical theorists' materialistic attempt — not to reconcile faith and knowledge, that is not possible at this point in history — but at least to prevent the modern contradiction between monotheism and enlightenment to be closed prematurely either fundamentalistically or scientistically and positivistically. Adorno and Benjamin have initiated an inverse theology, which presupposes a. that religion has indeed contributed to the humanization of mankind, and b.that the secularization process cannot be stopped. The inverse theology allows semantic and semiotic materials and potentials to migrate from the depth of the mythos into the secular discourse among the expert cultures — sociology, psychology, anthropology, philosophy — and through it into communicative and political action, in order thus to prevent the further rebarbarization of the Western civilization. The inverse theology is a test in so far as that semantic or semiotic material, which cannot be translated into the profane discourse of expert cultures, cannot be rescued and will be lost. One central semantic element, which Adorno and Horkheimer intended to rescue, was the longing for the totally Other than the slaughterbench, holocaust — altar and Golgatha of history. In this longing for the entirely Other is concretely superseded, i.e., criticized, but also preserved and elevated and fulfilled, what once in the world — religions and — philosophies had been called: Eternity, Beauty, Heaven, God, Infinite, Transcendence, Being, Idea, Absolute, Unconditional. The critical theorists transform once certain religious dogmas into longings. The longing for the totally Other has been the fundamental motive and motivation of the critical theorists, which gave them manifestly or latently energy for almost a whole century, and which allowed them to survive two world wars, and fascism, and emigration, and to make it possible for them on one hand not to regress into mythology, and on the other hand not to fall victim to positivism as the metaphysics of what is the case.
Compaction of a Bone Dowel in the Tibial Tunnel Improves the Fixation Stiffness of a Soft Tissue Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft
Authors: Howell Stephen M. , Roos Phil , Hull Maury L. 
Published: February 2005

Background Despite increasing attention on fixation of a soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft in the tibia, there have been no studies on the use of a bone dowel as a joint line fixation device for promoting fixation properties, especially stiffness at the time of implantation. Purpose To determine whether compacting a bone dowel into the tibial tunnel improves fixation stiffness, yield load, and resistance to slippage of a soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A double-looped tendon graft was fixed at the distal end of the tibial tunnel with a WasherLoc in 24 calf tibias. The tibial tunnels were treated with or without a dowel of cancellous bone. The bone dowel was harvested from the tibial tunnel and then compacted into a tapered space anterior to the anterior cruciate ligament graft as a joint line fixation device. A cyclic load and measurement test was administered to determine fixation stiffness, yield load, slippage, and failure mode. Results The specimens with the bone dowel had 58 N/mm more stiffness (P =. 04); however, the yield load and resistance to slippage were similar in specimens with and without the bone dowel. Conclusions A bone dowel harvested from the tibial tunnel can be used as a joint line fixation device in series with a distal fixation method to improve initial fixation stiffness and increase the fit, which is known to enhance tendon graft-to-bone healing in the tibia.