bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses During Indoor Clubbing Events (ANRS0066s ITOC Study)
Authors: Luong Nguyen Liem Binh , Goupil de Bouillé Jeanne , Menant Lola , Noret Marion , Dumas Audrey , Salmona Maud , Le Goff Jérôme , Delaugerre Constance , Crépey Pascal , Zeggagh Jeremy ,   the ITOC Study Group, Gabassi A , Minier M , Mercier Delarue S , Mahjoub N , Yazdanpanah Y , Lert F , Gaudart J , Tattevin P , Spire B , Garlantezec R , Hoang A , Yazdanpanah Y , Delaugerre C , Lert F , Gaudart J , Tattevin P , Spire B , Garlantezec R , Crépey P , Luong Nguyen L B , Zeggagh J , Noret M , Hoang A , Goupil de Bouillé J , Dumas A , Ben Mechlia M , Doré V , Necol C , Diane D , Pinault C , Le Mestre S , Mhajoub N , Drouet V , Mhajoub N , Bleibtreu A , Germain R , Pourriel M , Tonglet S , Olivier A , Lesecq M-A , Salette J , Zerah J , Lesaulnier F , Plenel E , Hocquart F , Gatinel S , Mateescu M , Concado A , Musa J , Taglietti G , Garnier L , Winter P , Kiddy Smile  , Mathieu O , Thyrache S , Howe E , Gras L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
In the context of the circulation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, vaccination re-authorized mass indoor gatherings. The “Indoor Transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” (ITOC) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05311865) aimed to assess the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses during an indoor clubbing event among participants fully vaccinated against COVID-19.

Methods
ITOC, a randomized controlled trial in the Paris region (France), enrolled healthy volunteers aged 18–49 years, fully vaccinated against COVID-19, with no comorbidities or symptoms, randomized 1:1 to be interventional group “attendees” or control “non-attendees.” The intervention was a 7-hour indoor event in a nightclub at full capacity, with no masking, prior SARS-CoV-2 test result, or social distancing required. The primary outcome measure was the number of reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–determined SARS-CoV-2–positive subjects using self-collected saliva 7 days post-gathering in the per-protocol population. Secondary endpoints focused on 20 other respiratory viruses.

Results
Healthy participants (n = 1216) randomized 2:1 by blocks up to 10 815 attendees and 401 non-attendees, yielding 529 and 287 subjects, respectively, with day-7 saliva samples. One day-7 sample from each group was positive. Looking at all respiratory viruses together, the clubbing event was associated with an increased risk of infection of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.04–2.61).

Conclusions
In the context of low Delta variant of concern circulation, no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among asymptomatic and vaccinated participants was found, but the risk of other respiratory virus transmission was higher.
Clinical Trials Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05311865.
Is Short-Course Antibiotic Therapy Suitable for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections in Onco-hematology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia? Results of a Multi-institutional Analysis
Authors: Feng Xiaomeng , Qian Chenjing , Fan Yuping , Li Jia , Wang Jieru , Lin Qingsong , Jiang Erlie , Mi Yingchang , Qiu Lugui , Xiao Zhijian , Wang Jianxiang , Hong Mei , Feng Sizhou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Several studies have suggested that short-course antibiotic therapy was effective in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bloodstream infections (BSI) in immunocompetent patients. But similar studies in patients with hematological malignancies were rare.

Methods
This cohort study included onco-hematology patients at 2 hematology centers in China. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the confounding factors. Multivariate regression model was used to evaluate the effect of short-course antibiotic therapy on clinical outcomes.

Results
In total, 434 patients met eligibility criteria (short-course, 7–11 days, n = 229; prolonged, 12–21 days, n = 205). In the weighted cohort, the univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that short course antibiotic therapy had similar outcomes to the prolonged course. The recurrent PA infection at any site or mortality within 30 days of completing therapy occurred in 8 (3.9%) patients in the short-course group and in 10 (4.9%) in the prolonged-course group (P = .979). The recurrent infection within 90 days occurred in 20 (9.8%) patients in the short-course group and in 13 (6.3%) patients in the prolonged-course group (P = .139), and the recurrent fever within 7 days occurred in 17 (8.3%) patients in the short-course group and in 15 (7.4%) in the prolonged-course group (P = .957). On average, patients who received short-course antibiotic therapy spent 3.3 fewer days in the hospital (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
In the study, short-course therapy was non-inferior to prolonged-course therapy in terms of clinical outcomes. However, due to its biases and limitations, further prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to generalize our findings.
Oral anticoagulant treatment and risk of kidney disease—a nationwide, population-based cohort study
Authors: Vestergaard Ane Emilie Friis , Jensen Simon Kok , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Adelborg Kasper , Birn Henrik , Carrero Juan-Jesus , Christiansen Christian Fynbo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended as first-line treatment of atrial fibrillation. Whether DOAC use is associated with lower risks of kidney complications compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) remains unclear. We examined this association in a nationwide, population-based cohort study.

Methods
We conducted a cohort study including patients initiating oral anticoagulant treatment within 3 months after an atrial fibrillation diagnosis in Denmark during 2012–18. Using routinely collected creatinine measurements from laboratory databases, we followed patients in an intention-to-treat approach for acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. We used propensity-score weighting to balance baseline confounders, computed weighted risks and weighted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing DOACs with VKAs. We performed several subgroup analyses and a per-protocol analysis.

Results
We included 32 781 persons with atrial fibrillation initiating oral anticoagulation (77% initiating DOACs). The median age was 75 years, 25% had a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median follow-up was 2.3 (interquartile range 1.1–3.9) years. The weighted 1-year risks of AKI were 13.6% in DOAC users and 15.0% in VKA users (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82; 0.91). The weighted 5-year risks of CKD progression were 13.9% in DOAC users and 15.4% in VKA users (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79; 0.92). Results were similar across subgroups and in the per-protocol analysis.

Conclusions
Initiation of DOACs was associated with a decreased risk of AKI and CKD progression compared with VKAs. Despite the potential limitations of observational studies, our findings support the need for increased clinical awareness to prevent kidney complications among patients who initiate oral anticoagulants.
Predictive Performance of Cell-Free Nucleic Acid-Based Multi-Cancer Early Detection Tests: A Systematic Review
Authors: LeeVan Elyse , Pinsky Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer-screening tests that can detect multiple cancer types, or multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests, have emerged recently as a potential new tool in decreasing cancer morbidity and mortality. Most MCED assays are based on detecting cell-free tumor DNA (CF-DNA) in the blood. MCEDs offer the potential for screening for cancer organ sites with high mortality, both with and without recommended screening. However, their clinical utility has not been established. Before clinical utility can be established, the clinical validity of MCEDs, i.e., their ability to predict cancer status, must be demonstrated. In this study we performed a systematic review of the predictive ability for cancer of cell-free-nucleic acid-based MCED tests.

Content
We searched PubMed for relevant publications from January 2017 to February 2023, using MeSH terms related to multi-cancer detection, circulating DNA, and related concepts. Of 1811 publications assessed, 61 were reviewed in depth and 20 are included in this review. For almost all studies, the cancer cases were assessed at time of diagnosis. Most studies reported specificity (generally 95% or higher) and overall sensitivity (73% median). The median number of cancer types assessed per assay was 5. Many studies also reported sensitivity by stage and/or cancer type. Sensitivity generally increased with stage.

Summary
To date, relatively few published studies have assessed the clinical validity of MCED tests. Most used cancer cases assessed at diagnosis, with generally high specificity and variable sensitivity depending on cancer type and stage. The next steps should be testing in the intended-use population, i.e., asymptomatic persons.
Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium Definitions for Tricuspid Regurgitation and Trial Endpoints
Authors: Hahn Rebecca T , Lawlor Matthew K , Davidson Charles J , Badhwar Vinay , Sannino Anna , Spitzer Ernest , Lurz Philipp , Lindman Brian R , Topilsky Yan , Baron Suzanne J , Chadderdon Scott , Khalique Omar K , Tang Gilbert H L , Taramasso Maurizio , Grayburn Paul A , Badano Luigi , Leipsic Jonathon , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Windecker Stephan , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Redfors Bjorn , Alu Maria C , Cohen David J , Rodés-Cabau Josep , Ailawadi Gorav , Mack Michael , Ben-Yehuda Ori , Leon Martin B , Hausleiter Jörg 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Interest in the pathophysiology, etiology, management, and outcomes of patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has grown in the wake of multiple natural history studies showing progressively worse outcomes associated with increasing TR severity, even after adjusting for multiple comorbidities. Historically, isolated tricuspid valve surgery has been associated with high in-hospital mortality rates, leading to the development of transcatheter treatment options. The aim of this first Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium document is to standardize definitions of disease etiology and severity, as well as endpoints for trials that aim to address the gaps in our knowledge related to identification and management of patients with TR. Standardizing endpoints for trials should provide consistency and enable meaningful comparisons between clinical trials. A second Tricuspid Valve Academic Research Consortium document will focus on further defining trial endpoints and will discuss trial design options.
Clinical outcomes with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multi-centre, real-world cohort study
Authors: Jang Jaehyuk , Park Soyoon , Kim Soohyun , Kim Sung-Hwan , Oh Yong-Seog , Sa Young Kyoung , Hwang Youmi , Jang Sung-Won , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Choi Young 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes and reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the clinical outcomes with and without the use of SGLT2is in patients with T2DM and concomitant AF.

Methods and results
We derived patient data from a clinical data warehouse constructed from the electronic medical records of seven medical centres. Data for 11 012 patients diagnosed with both AF and T2DM were analysed. New SGLT2i users were classified into the SGLT2i group and those who were not prescribed SGLT2is were classified into the control group. We performed a 1:2 propensity score (PS)-matching analysis. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death or hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) events in 3 years. The PS-matched population consisted of 1115 patients in the SGLT2i group and 2050 patients in the control group. Incidence of the primary endpoint was significantly lower in the SGLT2i group [8.4 vs. 14.6%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–0.87]. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors use was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29–0.67) and HF hospitalization (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.59–0.99). Adverse renal events, defined as &gt;50% increase in serum creatinine level or initiation of dialysis, occurred less often in the SGLT2i group (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38–0.66, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Use of SGLT2is in patients with T2DM and concomitant AF was associated with reduced mortality or HF hospitalization events.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed existing patterns of non-COVID-19 health care utilization? A retrospective analysis of six regions in Europe
Authors: Aldridge Sarah J , Schmidt Andrea E , Thißen Martin , Bernal-Delgado Enrique , Estupiñán-Romero Francisco , González-Galindo Javier , Dolanski-Aghamanoukjan Lorenz , Mathis-Edenhofer Stefan , Buble Tamara , Križ Klea , Vuković Jakov , Palmieri Luigi , Unim Brigid , Meulman Iris , Owen Rhiannon K , Lyons Ronan A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Resilience of national health systems in Europe remains a major concern in times of multiple crises and as more evidence is emerging relating to the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care utilization (HCU), resulting from de-prioritization of regular, non-pandemic healthcare services. Most extant studies focus on regional, disease specific or early pandemic HCU creating difficulties in comparing across multiple countries. We provide a comparatively broad definition of HCU across multiple countries, with potential to expand across regions and timeframes.

Methods
Using a cross-country federated research infrastructure (FRI), we examined HCU for acute cardiovascular events, elective surgeries and serious trauma. Aggregated data were used in forecast modelling to identify changes from predicted European age-standardized counts via fitted regressions (2017–19), compared against post-pandemic data.

Results
We found that elective surgeries were most affected, universally falling below predicted levels in 2020. For cardiovascular HCU, we found lower-than-expected cases in every region for heart attacks and displayed large sex differences. Serious trauma was the least impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
The strength of this study comes from the use of the European Population Health Information Research Infrastructure’s (PHIRI) FRI, allowing for rapid analysis of regional differences to assess indirect impacts of events such as pandemics. There are marked differences in the capacity of services to return to normal in terms of elective surgery; additionally, we found considerable differences between men and women which requires further research on potential sex or gender patterns of HCU during crises.
Developing a Structural Complexity Index for Oriental Beech Forests in Northern Iran
Authors: Sefidi Kiomars , Copenheaver Carolyn A , Thom Dominik , Felbermeier Bernhard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The structural complexity index (SCI) has become an important metric for forest managers to monitor ecosystem services and conservation value in a wide variety of forest types. In this study, we developed an SCI for an unmanaged mixed Fagus orientalis Lipsky forest in northern Iran, which incorporated structural information specific to mature and old-growth forests. Our results showed that we were able to develop an SCI for this forest that would assist managers to make conservation decisions in a forest where large overstory trees and small understory trees are equally important. The SCI was significantly positively correlated with the density of five minor tree species (Acer velutinum Boiss., Acer cappadocicum Gled., Tilia begoniifolia Chun & H.D. Wong, Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey., and Prunus avium L.) and the density of large ([50 cm &lt;  diameter at breast height {DBH} &lt; 75 cm]) and very large (DBH &gt; 75 cm) overstory trees. The SCI remains a highly flexible tool for forest conservation and decision making and may assist with decisions about forest management in response to climate change and shifting disturbance regimes.
Study Implications: Forest managers have begun to use the structural complexity index (SCI) to assess the successful achievement of conservation management objectives. In many mature, mixed-species forests, large trees, minor species, and understory tree species are important structural components. In this study, we demonstrate that reduction of the minimum diameter used for sampling trees and careful selection of the variables used to calculate SCI results in a valuable metric for making conservation decisions. The advantage of SCI as a forest decision tool is that forest managers are able to adjust the inputs used to calculate SCI to reflect specific management objectives or monitoring goals.
Metabolomic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster larvae lacking pyruvate kinase
Authors: Heidarian Yasaman , Tourigny Jason P , Fasteen Tess D , Mahmoudzadeh Nader H , Hurlburt Alexander J , Nemkov Travis , Reisz Julie A , D’Alessandro Angelo , Tennessen Jason M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (Pyk) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the final metabolic reaction in glycolysis. The importance of this enzyme, however, extends far beyond ATP production, as Pyk is also known to regulate tissue growth, cell proliferation, and development. Studies of this enzyme in Drosophila melanogaster are complicated by the fact that the fly genome encodes 6 Pyk paralogs whose functions remain poorly defined. To address this issue, we used sequence distance and phylogenetic approaches to demonstrate that the gene Pyk encodes the enzyme most similar to the mammalian Pyk orthologs, while the other 5 Drosophila Pyk paralogs have significantly diverged from the canonical enzyme. Consistent with this observation, metabolomic studies of 2 different Pyk mutant strains revealed that larvae lacking Pyk exhibit a severe block in glycolysis, with a buildup of glycolytic intermediates upstream of pyruvate. However, our analysis also unexpectedly reveals that pyruvate levels are unchanged in Pyk mutants, indicating that larval metabolism maintains pyruvate pool size despite severe metabolic limitations. Consistent with our metabolomic findings, a complementary RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid metabolism and protease activity are elevated in Pyk mutants, again indicating that loss of this glycolytic enzyme induces compensatory changes in other aspects of metabolism. Overall, our study provides both insight into how Drosophila larval metabolism adapts to disruption of glycolytic metabolism as well as immediate clinical relevance, considering that Pyk deficiency is the most common congenital enzymatic defect in humans.
The family meal, a ritual frozen in time; an Australian grounded theory study
Authors: Middleton Georgia , Golley Rebecca K , Patterson Karen A , Coveney John 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Family meals are recognized as an opportunity to promote the health of families. Popular discourse posits that changes to contemporary family life have made family meals harder to achieve and promotion of the ‘traditional’ family meal may be adding pressures to contemporary families. While research has been conducted on family meals over the last three decades, there is no explicit investigation of the experiences and practices of family meals over this time. Understanding the evolution of family meal practices across time is important for developing achievable expectations in relation to this ritual. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a diverse population of South Australian parents in the 1990s (n = 32) and with a separate population of parents in 2020 (n = 22) to gather their experiences of family meal practices. A comparative analysis, informed by grounded theory, was undertaken to identify similarities and differences in experiences across these two time periods. The results indicated stability in many family meal experiences across time, particularly in their value and significance in family life. Negotiations balancing time, cost, food preferences and responsibility persisted. The stability of family meal values and practices is important to consider when making recommendations, designing interventions and creating services targeting the family meal.
Lived experience of diet-related health education in type 2 diabetes and hypertension comorbidity in The Gambia
Authors: Touray Tahir Ahmad , Woodall James , Warwick-Booth Louise 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (and their comorbidity) have been increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, including The Gambia. Diet is a critical driver of these public health problems, and diet-related health education is a major strategy employed for their prevention and management. The aim of this paper is to explore the lived experiences of diet-related health education among individuals with comorbid type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Serrekunda, The Gambia, a subject hitherto unexplored in the country. The study employed a qualitative (interpretivist) methodology. Thirty-two interviews were conducted with 18 participants, with most participating in two interviews at separate time-points between November 2018 and July 2019. In addition to participant validation, the two points in time interviews elicited more depth and provided rich data. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phased approach to Thematic Analysis. Four main themes were generated in relation to the experiences: (i) one-off blanket dietary advice (ii) education in a vacuum (iii) diabetes-hypertension diet dichotomy and (iv) imbalanced power relationship. The study underscores the need for a reconfiguration of diet-related health education in The Gambia to include lived experiences as critical components of health promotion in tackling T2DM and hypertension. This requires an ecological approach, critical health education, regulations on unhealthy foods, and active participation of individuals as equal partners in health education.