bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining Public Sector Corruption: The Hexagon Model
Authors: Thomann Eva , Ioannidis Giuliana , Zgaga Tiziano , Schwarz Frederic 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDifferent disciplines ask why public sector corruption occurs, addressing diverse phenomena. However, how different approaches and factors at micro, meso, or macro levels relate to each other in causally complex, context‐dependent ways is seldom theorized. This article develops an integrated “Corruption Hexagon” model with six dimensions. The analytically relevant context provides a not directly causal background that influences the interplay of the pressure to act corruptly, the opportunity to benefit from corruption, the capability to exploit the opportunity, the supply of corruption, and the rationalization of one's corrupt behavior. Using secondary data from 23 European countries, we operationalize the Hexagon to explain differences in procurement‐related corruption risks. Results corroborate the Hexagon's expectations: whereas the circumstances enable corruption, their interplay with personal characteristics or rationalization triggers corruption. The Hexagon offers a flexible, context‐dependent, complexity‐informed model for cumulative research integrating different methods and theoretical assumptions about the agency underlying corruption.
Resonances of Feeling Alone: A Systematic Review Unveiling Older Persons' Loneliness and Its Mechanisms in Residential Care Facilities
Authors: Gill Amarjot S. , Sullivan Suzanne S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo review older persons' lived experiences and perceptions of loneliness in residential care facilities and characterise mechanisms underlying their experiences through a comprehensive loneliness model.DesignA systematic review synthesising qualitative research on the experiences of loneliness among older people living in residential care facilities.MethodsThis review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines with quality appraisal conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist.Data SourcesArticles published in English (2014–2024) from CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science.ResultsSixteen articles met inclusion criteria, representing 357 participants across 10 countries and regions. Three core themes of loneliness were identified: relational and individualised loneliness experiences, perception and emotional distress and the influence of context and cognitive processes in modulating loneliness. A conceptual model delineating the mechanisms of older residents' loneliness in residential settings was developed.ConclusionThis review highlights the influence of older persons' residential context and cognitive processes, particularly their perceptions, in triggering loneliness. The perceptions of reduced social control and insufficient social connections in residential settings exacerbate older persons' loneliness, precipitating distressing emotional responses and diminished quality of life.ImplicationsResidential care facilities have a crucial responsibility in establishing a supportive atmosphere conducive to positive social engagement for older residents. Future research must explore strategic transformations of older persons' perceptions through mechanistic targets and tailored care plans to reshape their social expectations within the context of residential care facilities, potentially mitigating loneliness.ImpactThis review addresses the problem of understanding the mechanisms and experiences of loneliness among older persons in residential care facilities. The findings highlight the critical need for supportive social environments and targeted interventions in residential care settings to improve residents' well‐being and quality of life globally.Reporting MethodEnhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
A preliminary ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging study of distinct aortic morphologies
Authors: Tornifoglio B. , Robinson S. T. , Levey R. E. , Stone A. J. , Campisi S. , Kerskens C. , Duffy G. P. , Avril S. , Lally C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChanges in the microstructure of the aortic wall precede the progression of various aortic pathologies, including aneurysms and dissection. Current clinical decisions with regards to surgical planning and/or radiological intervention are guided by geometric features, such as aortic diameter, since clinical imaging lacks tissue microstructural information. The aim of this proof‐of‐concept work is to investigate a non‐invasive imaging method, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in ex vivo aortic tissue to gain insights into the microstructure. This study examines healthy, aneurysm and a type B chronic dissection aortae, via DTI. DTI‐derived metrics, such as the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, helical angle and tractography, were examined in each morphology. The results from this work highlighted distinct differences in fractional anisotropy (healthy, 0.24 ± 0.008; aneurysmal, 0.19 ± 0.002; dissected, 0.13 ± 0.006) and a larger variation in the helical angle in the dissected aorta compared to healthy (39.28 ± 11.93° vs. 26.12 ± 4.60°, respectively). These differences were validated by histological characterisation. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of DTI to pathological changes in aortic tissue, highlighting the potential of this methodology to provide improved clinical insight.
The New HLA‐B*44:384 Allele Characterised by Two Different Sequencing‐Based Typing Techniques
Authors: Dhuyser Adèle , Pérès Michaël , Morel Thomas , Clément Sandra , Aarnink Alice 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe new allele HLA‐B*44:384 differs from HLA‐B*44:02:01:01 by one non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
Identification of Two Novel HLA Class II Alleles, DPB1*1626:01Q and DRB1*11:337, by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Jiménez Noelia Jurado , Rodríguez‐Bayona Beatriz , Balas Antonio , Escribano María Francisca González 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDescription of two novel HLA class II alleles, DPB1*1626:01Q and DRB1*11:337 alleles.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐C*06:44:02 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing in a Serbian Individual
Authors: Jovanovic Barbara , Andric Zorana , Velickovic Danica , Kacaki Nikola , Lilic Marko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe novel HLA‐C*06:44:02 allele differs from HLA‐C*06:44:01 by one synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐C*03:657 Allele in a Korean Individual by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Kim Sang Mook , Lee Jong‐Mok , Kim Chan‐Duck , Won Dong Il 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐C*03:657 differs from HLA‐C*03:04:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 82 in exon 2.
The New HLA‐DRB1*07:159 Allele Characterised by Two Different Sequencing‐Based Typing Techniques
Authors: Dhuyser Adèle , Pérès Michaël , Morel Thomas , Clément Sandra , Aarnink Alice 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe novel HLA‐DRB1*07:159 allele differs from HLA‐DRB1*07:01:01:01 by one non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
Detection of the Novel HLA‐A*02:01:01:257 Allele by Pacific Biosciences HiFi Sequencing in a Chinese Individual
Authors: Han Yue , Liu Yundie , Wang Caili , Feng Shaoqing , Gao Peng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐A*02:01:01:257 differs from HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution in intron 7.
The Americanization of Nigerian English spelling and punctuation
Authors: Olatoye Temitayo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpelling is the most standardized level of language, and prescriptive spelling norms in former British colonies often advocate adherence to British spelling norms which differs from the local linguistic reality. Hence, recent research on the evolution of postcolonial Englishes and the Americanization of Englishes worldwide has questioned the appropriateness of such presumptions. This study presents a diachronic investigation of spelling variation and word‐level punctuation in written Nigerian English, using the Nigerian component of the International Corpus of English and the recently compiled Historical Corpus of Nigerian English. Results from frequency analyses and a multifactorial analysis not only highlight a strong preference for British norms but also indicate that American spelling patterns increasingly occurred in various registers of written Nigerian English in the late twentieth century. These findings suggest that the coexistence of British and American spelling norms is hardly a recent development in the evolution of Nigerian English.
Modified particle dynamics and thermodynamics in a traversable wormhole in bumblebee gravity
Authors: Filho A. A. Araújo , Reis J. A. A. S. , Övgün Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we analyze various phenomena influenced by the gravitational field in a bumblebee gravity solution, with a particular emphasis on a traversable wormhole for massless particle modes. Specifically, we calculate the index of refraction, group velocity, time delay, modified distances, and interparticle potential, demonstrating the possibility of photon-photon interactions due to the wormhole geometry. For the latter aspect, we also extend the analysis to massive particle modes, resulting in a “combination” of modified Yukawa- and Coulomb-like potentials. These calculations are shown to be dependent on the wormhole’s parameters, particularly the wormhole throat. In addition to these analyses, the Hawking temperature is derived using the trapping horizon method, yielding negative values. Furthermore, we derive the thermodynamic properties of photon-like modes by incorporating the modified dispersion relation arising from the wormhole geometry, focusing on non-interacting particle modes. Remarkably, all calculations are conducted in a fully analytical framework.
Wormhole solutions in deformed space-time
Authors: Sreekumar Harsha , Harikumar E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We construct and analyse wormhole solutions in quantised space-time. The field equations are constructed from the deformed wormhole metric in the proper reference frame using tetrads. The spatial geometry of the wormhole is analysed in kappa space-time. Further, modifications to the conditions that ensure traversibility of the wormhole are studied and it is found that the necessity of the exotic matter persists in the non-commutative case as in the commutative space-time. Casimir energy is considered a possible source for exotic matter and it is shown that the time to pass through the wormhole as well as the amount of exotic matter required to create the wormhole reduce due to non-commutativity of space-time.
Source of instability in the rapid cycling synchrotron of the China spallation neutron source
Authors: Huang Liangsheng , Wang Sheng , Xu Shouyan , Liu Xingguang , Huang Mingyang , Liu Renhong , Tan Biao , Liu Hanyang , Rao Li , Han Yanliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China spallation neutron source accumulates 1.56

$$\times$$

×

$$10^{13}$$

10
13

protons and accelerates them from 80 MeV to 1.6 GeV at a repetition rate of 25 Hz, delivering a 100 kW proton beam to the target. Despite predictions that no instabilities would occur at high beam intensity, an unexpected coherent oscillation of the beam was observed during the beam commissioning. To confirm and address the instability, a series of systematic measurements and studies were conducted, revealing that the issue is a transverse coupled bunch instability and identifying a narrow-band impedance with a low frequency in the RCS. Further bench measurements confirmed that ceramic chambers with RF shields are the source of this impedance, which is consistent with the analysis of the experimental data. Based on these findings, a tune curve during the ramping process and chromaticity optimization have been implemented to completely mitigate the instability in the RCS at 100 kW.
Abstract A004: Nodal Management in cancer treatment: Synergistic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Koh Su-Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are critical components of the immune system, playing an essential role in the regulation of tumor immune surveillance and the progression of metastatic cancer. Recent advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. However, the interaction between immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and lymphatic tissue, particularly the role of regional lymph nodes in treatment efficacy, remains insufficiently understood. This research explores the potential of combining immune checkpoint therapy with targeted strategies for managing nodal involvement in cancers. We aim to investigate the mechanisms by which tumor-infiltrating lymph nodes may either aid or hinder the response to ICBs, with a focus on the activation of anti-tumor immune responses within the nodal microenvironment. By examining how immune checkpoints impact tumor-associated lymphoid structures, we aim to identify strategies for improving regional lymph node management, including the use of neoadjuvant ICB, lymph node dissection, and lymph node-targeted drug delivery. The findings of this study may provide insights into optimizing immune checkpoint blockade therapies for cancers with extensive nodal metastasis and lead to novel therapeutic approaches that enhance regional immune responses while minimizing adverse effects. Ultimately, this research has the potential to contribute to a more personalized approach to cancer treatment, particularly for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, where nodal involvement is often a critical determinant of prognosis.
Citation Format: Su-Jin Koh. Nodal Management in cancer treatment: Synergistic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A004.
Abstract A005: 18F-Fluorthanatrace PARP inhibitor PET tracer: Potential implications for theranostics
Authors: Lin Lilie , Hammad Mahmoud , Wong Franklin , Yap Timothy A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective: PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibitors are approved for a variety of malignancies including those with a breast, prostate, and ovarian carcinoma, particularly in the setting of a germline or somatic pathogenic BRCA mutation. There is active interest in the development of theranostics including those with a PARP inhibitor backbone. Methods: We evaluate a novel PARP inhibitor (PARPi) PET tracer 18-Fluorine [18F] Fluorthanatrace (FTT). Patients with primary or metastatic solid tumors with measurable disease initiating therapy with a PARP inhibitor monotherapy or in combination with another systemic agent were eligible. Patients underwent 18F-FTT PET/CT prior to initiation of PARPi and a second 18F-FTT PET 2-4 weeks after initiation of a PARP inhibitor. Hematologic toxicity on PARPi monotherapy or combination was assessed using the CTCAEv5.0 criteria. Regions of interest were drawn over the uninvolved bone marrow (usually taken at L3) and normal muscle to obtain the maximum standardized uptake value. Bone marrow to muscle ratio (B/M) was calculated at baseline and on PARPi. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used. Results: A total of 21 patients were enrolled and underwent 18F-FTT PET. Patients had a median of 0 (range 0-7) prior lines of systemic therapy. The primary disease site included breast (9), ovary (6), primary peritoneal (1), pancreas (1)and other (4). Measurable uptake of 18F-FTT within the tumor and bone marrow was observed in all patients. Median L3 SUVmax at baseline was 4.3 (range 2.1-11.8) vs. 2.33 (range 1.4-2.9) while on PARP inhibitor. Baseline B/M was associated with highest grade hematologic toxicity in patients (n=10) who received talazoparib monotherapy or combination (r=0.65, p=0.042). While B/M was not associated with hematologic toxicity in patients (n=11) who received olaparib monotherapy or combination (r=0.098, p=0.77). Conclusions: 18F-FTT PET can measure target engagement of PARP inhibitors in bone marrow and may have implications for PARP inhibitor-based theranostics and dosing. Results suggest there may be differential impact of different PARPi on bone marrow and should be considered when selecting a backbone for theranostics.
Citation Format: Lilie Lin, Mahmoud Hammad, Franklin Wong, Timothy A. Yap. 18F-Fluorthanatrace PARP inhibitor PET tracer: Potential implications for theranostics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A005.
Abstract A009: Targeting DNA damage responsive pathways in cancer therapy
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) result in activation of several key DNA damage response (DDR) kinases including ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK. These protein kinases not only promote DNA damage-induced checkpoint control, but also facilitate DSB repair in humans. Thus, these DDR kinases have become promising drug targets for cancer therapy. However, the benefits of targeting DDR kinases remain to be realized, in part due to the lack of predictive biomarkers. By undertaking CRISPR screens with inhibitors targeting key DDR kinases, we obtained a global and unbiased view of genetic interactions with DDR inhibition. Additionally, we compared the synergistic effects of combining different DDR inhibitors and found that ATM and PARP inhibitors showed remarkable synergy, which depends on the dominant negative function of ATM inhibition. Moreover, to provide comprehensive and unbiased perspective of DDR signaling pathways, we performed 30 fluorescence-activated cell sorting–based genome-wide CRISPR screens with antibodies recognizing distinct endogenous DNA damage–signaling proteins to identify new regulators involved in DNA damage response (DDR). We discovered that proteasome-mediated processing is an early and prerequisite event for cells to trigger camptothecin- and etoposide-induced DDR signaling. Furthermore, we identified PRMT1 and PRMT5 as new modulators that regulate ATM protein level. Additionally, we discovered that GNB1L is a master regulator of DDR signaling via its role as a co-chaperone for PIKK proteins. Collectively, these screens offer a rich resource for further investigation of DDR, which may provide insight into strategies of targeting these DDR pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes. More recently, we have adopted dTAG technology for the investigation of many essential DDR and replication proteins, which provide mechanistic insights into the roles of these essential proteins in genome maintenance. Additionally, we have expanded FACS-based screens for the studies of other cancer-associated pathways and explored key biological processes critical for cancer progression in vivo. These studies will facilitate the development of better therapies for cancer patients.
Citation Format: Junjie Chen. Targeting DNA damage responsive pathways in cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A009.
Abstract A013: Shikonin, a strong inhibitor of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase pathways, induces cell death in UV-B irradiated B16F10 melanoma cells
Authors: Bhat Aalim Maqsood , Abdullah Sheikh Tasduq 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin damage plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of melanoma, a highly aggressive and fatal form of skin cancer. Shikonin, naturally occurring nathoquinone , is well-known for its inhibitory effects on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. It has previously been demonstrated to exert effects against various non-melanoma skin cancers. In this study, we investigated the effects of Shikonin treatment on UVB-irradiated B16F10 melanoma cells, revealing a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and an enhancement of apoptosis. Invitro findings indicate that the pro-apoptotic effects of shikonin in UVB-exposed B16F10 cells are mediated by several mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulation of the antioxidant defense response, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM) depolarization. Further supporting the apoptotic role of Shikonin, we observed DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and an increase in sub-G2 cell populations. Shikonin treatment also significantly attenuated MEK-ERK signaling, influenced the PI3K/Akt pathway, and potentially inhibited UVB-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Additionally, co-treatment with UVB and Shikonin led to a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspases. Collectively, these data suggest that Shikonin may act as a potential therapeutic agent for melanoma when combined with UVB exposure, providing a novel avenue for future treatment strategies.
Citation Format: Aalim Maqsood Bhat, Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah. Shikonin, a strong inhibitor of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase pathways, induces cell death in UV-B irradiated B16F10 melanoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A013.