bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morita equivalence for quantum Heisenberg manifolds
Authors: Abadie Beatriz 
Published: August 2005

We discuss Morita equivalence within the family

{

D

μ
ν

c

:
c
∈

Z

,

c
>
0
,

μ
,
ν
∈

R

}

\{D_{\mu \nu }^c: c\in \mathbb {Z},\ c>0,\ \mu ,\nu \in \mathbb {R}\}

of quantum Heisenberg manifolds. Morita equivalence classes are described in terms of the parameters

μ
\mu

,

ν
\nu

and the rank of the free abelian group

G

μ
ν

=
2
μ

Z

+
2
ν

Z

+

Z

G_{\mu \nu }=2\mu \mathbb {Z}+2\nu \mathbb {Z}+\mathbb {Z}

associated to the

C
∗

C^*

-algebra

D

μ
ν

c

D_{\mu \nu }^{c}

.
A simple proof of a curious congruence by Zhao
Authors: Ji Chun-Gang 
Published: August 2005

The author gives a simple proof of the following curious congruence for odd prime

p
>
3

p>3

which was established by Jianqiang Zhao:

∑

i
+
j
+
k
=
p

i
,

j
,

k
>
0

1

i
j
k

≡
−
2

B

p
−
3

(
mod

p
)
.

\begin{equation*}\sum _{\substack {{i+j+k=p} {i,\ j,\ k>0}}}\frac {1}{ijk}\equiv -2B_{p-3}(\text {mod}\ p).\end{equation*}
On the maximal difference between an element and its inverse in residue rings
Authors: Ford Kevin , Khan Mizan , Shparlinski Igor , Yankov Christian 
Published: August 2005

We investigate the distribution ofn−M(n)n - M(n)where\[M(n)=max{|a−b| : 1≤a,b≤n−1\ and\ ab≡1(modn)}.M(n)=\max \left \{ \, \left | a-b\right |\ :\ 1 \leq a,b\leq n-1 \textrm {\ and\ } ab \equiv 1\pmod n\right \}.\]Exponential sums provide a natural tool for obtaining upper bounds on this quantity. Here we use results about the distribution of integers with a divisor in a given interval to obtain lower bounds onn−M(n)n - M(n). We also present some heuristic arguments showing that these lower bounds are probably tight, and thus our technique can be a more appropriate tool to studyn−M(n)n - M(n)than a more traditional way using exponential sums.
Extension of Simons’ inequality
Authors: Kivisoo Kersti , Oja Eve 
Published: August 2005

We prove the following extended version of Simons’ inequality and present its applications. LetSSbe a set andTTbe a subset ofSS. LetCCbe a subset of a Hausdorff topological vector space which is invariant under infinite convex combinations. Letf:C×S⟶Rf: C\times S \longrightarrow \mathbb {R}be a bounded function such that the functionsf(⋅,t):C⟶Rf(\,\cdot \,,\,t):C\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}are convex for allt∈Tt \in Tandf(λx,s)=λf(x,s)f(\lambda x,\,s)=\lambda f(x,\,s)wheneverλ>0\lambda >0,x,λx∈Cx,\,\lambda x \in Cands∈S.s\in S.Let(xn)(x_n)be a sequence inCC. Assume that, for everyx∈C1={∑n=1∞λnxn:λn≥0,∑n=1∞λn=1}x \in C_1 =\left \{\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\lambda _n\,x_n\,:\quad \lambda _n\geq 0,\,\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\lambda _n=1\,\right \}, there existst∈Tt \in Tsatisfyingf(x,t)=sups∈Sf(x,s)f(x,\,t)=\sup _{s\in S} f(x,\,s). Then\[infx∈C1sups∈Sf(x,s)≤supt∈Tlim supnf(xn,t).\inf _{x\in C_1}\sup _{s\in S}f(x,\,s) \leq \sup _{t\in T}\limsup _{n}f(x_n,\,t).\]If−C1⊂C-C_1\subset C, then the setC1C_1in the above inequality can be replaced byconv{x1,x2,…}\textrm {conv}\{x_1, x_2, \ldots \}.
Cell transplantation for diabetes
Authors: Calne Roy 
Published: August 2005

For 30 years there has been experimental work aimed at transplanting islets for the treatment of diabetes with a view to curing the disease and preventing the secondary complications. Many technical difficulties were experienced, first in isolating the islets without damaging them, and second in finding a suitable place to inject them, but until recently the results of a vascularized pancreas transplant have been superior to islet transplantation. In 2000, the group in Edmonton, headed by Shapiro, published encouraging results using a different immunosuppression in transplanting patients earlier in the course of their disease than had been attempted previously. The results were excellent at a year and good at 2 years in patients with Type I diabetes, however there was the rather worrying attrition at five years. Nevertheless, the Edmonton observations were proof of concept and have intensified interest in treating diabetes and other diseases where a specific protein synthesis was required by cell transplantation and/or genetic engineering. The recent interest in embryonic stem cells extenuated these efforts and progress is being made in defining the difficulties, which are greater than most workers would have predicted.
In this review, the subject is discussed explaining where progress needs to be made in order to provide treatment that would be of value to patients.
Quantitative Statistical Analysis of cis-Regulatory Sequences in ABA/VP1- and CBF/DREB1-Regulated Genes of Arabidopsis
Authors: Suzuki Masaharu , Ketterling Matthew G. , McCarty Donald R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe have developed a simple quantitative computational approach for objective analysis of cis-regulatory sequences in promoters of coregulated genes. The program, designated MotifFinder, identifies oligo sequences that are overrepresented in promoters of coregulated genes. We used this approach to analyze promoter sequences of Viviparous1 (VP1)/abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated genes and cold-regulated genes, respectively, of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We detected significantly enriched sequences in up-regulated genes but not in down-regulated genes. This result suggests that gene activation but not repression is mediated by specific and common sequence elements in promoters. The enriched motifs include several known cis-regulatory sequences as well as previously unidentified motifs. With respect to known cis-elements, we dissected the flanking nucleotides of the core sequences of Sph element, ABA response elements (ABREs), and the C repeat/dehydration-responsive element. This analysis identified the motif variants that may correlate with qualitative and quantitative differences in gene expression. While both VP1 and cold responses are mediated in part by ABA signaling via ABREs, these responses correlate with unique ABRE variants distinguished by nucleotides flanking the ACGT core. ABRE and Sph motifs are tightly associated uniquely in the coregulated set of genes showing a strict dependence on VP1 and ABA signaling. Finally, analysis of distribution of the enriched sequences revealed a striking concentration of enriched motifs in a proximal 200-base region of VP1/ABA and cold-regulated promoters. Overall, each class of coregulated genes possesses a discrete set of the enriched motifs with unique distributions in their promoters that may account for the specificity of gene regulation.
TANMEI/EMB2757 Encodes a WD Repeat Protein Required for Embryo Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yamagishi Kazutoshi , Nagata Noriko , Yee Kelly Matsudaira , Braybrook Siobhan A. , Pelletier Julie , Fujioka Shozo , Yoshida Shigeo , Fischer Robert L. , Goldberg Robert B. , Harada John J. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We identified the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tanmei/emb2757 (tan) mutation that causes defects in both embryo and seedling development. tan mutant embryos share many characteristics with the leafy cotyledon (lec) class of mutants in that they accumulate anthocyanin, are intolerant of desiccation, form trichomes on cotyledons, and have reduced accumulation of storage proteins and lipids. Thus, TAN functions both in the early and late phases of embryo development. Moreover, the TAN and LEC genes interact synergistically, suggesting that they do not act in series in the same genetic pathway but, rather, that they have overlapping roles during embryogenesis. tan mutants die as embryos, but immature mutant seeds can be germinated in culture. However, tan mutant seedlings are defective in shoot and root development, their hypocotyls fail to elongate in the dark, and they die as seedlings. We isolated the TAN gene and showed that the predicted polypeptide has seven WD repeat motifs, suggesting that TAN forms complexes with other proteins. Together, these results suggest that TAN interacts with other proteins to control many aspects of embryo development.
CML24, Regulated in Expression by Diverse Stimuli, Encodes a Potential Ca2+ Sensor That Functions in Responses to Abscisic Acid, Daylength, and Ion Stress
Authors: Delk Nikkí A. , Johnson Keith A. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Braam Janet 
Published: August 2005

AbstractChanges in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels serve to signal responses to diverse stimuli. Ca2+ signals are likely perceived through proteins that bind Ca2+, undergo conformation changes following Ca2+ binding, and interact with target proteins. The 50-member calmodulin-like (CML) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) family encodes proteins containing the predicted Ca2+-binding EF-hand motif. The functions of virtually all these proteins are unknown. CML24, also known as TCH2, shares over 40% amino acid sequence identity with calmodulin, has four EF hands, and undergoes Ca2+-dependent changes in hydrophobic interaction chromatography and migration rate through denaturing gel electrophoresis, indicating that CML24 binds Ca2+ and, as a consequence, undergoes conformational changes. CML24 expression occurs in all major organs, and transcript levels are increased from 2- to 15-fold in plants subjected to touch, darkness, heat, cold, hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid. However, CML24 protein accumulation changes were not detectable. The putative CML24 regulatory region confers reporter expression at sites of predicted mechanical stress; in regions undergoing growth; in vascular tissues and various floral organs; and in stomata, trichomes, and hydathodes. CML24-underexpressing transgenics are resistant to ABA inhibition of germination and seedling growth, are defective in long-day induction of flowering, and have enhanced tolerance to CoCl2, molybdic acid, ZnSO4, and MgCl2. MgCl2 tolerance is not due to reduced uptake or to elevated Ca2+ accumulation. Together, these data present evidence that CML24, a gene expressed in diverse organs and responsive to diverse stimuli, encodes a potential Ca2+ sensor that may function to enable responses to ABA, daylength, and presence of various salts.
Differential Elicitation of Two Processing Proteases Controls the Processing Pattern of the Trypsin Proteinase Inhibitor Precursor in Nicotiana attenuata
Authors: Horn Martin , Patankar Aparna G. , Zavala Jorge A. , Wu Jianqiang , Dolečková-Marešová Lucie , Vůjtěchová Milana , Mareš Michael , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TPIs) of Nicotiana attenuata are major antiherbivore defenses that increase dramatically in leaves after attack or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation. To understand the elicitation process, we characterized the proteolytic fragmentation and release of TPIs from a multidomain precursor by proteases in MeJA-elicited and unelicited plants. A set of approximately 6-kD TPI peptides was purified from leaves, and their posttranslational modifications were characterized. In MeJA-elicited plants, the diversity of TPI structures was greater than the precursor gene predicted. This elicited structural heterogeneity resulted from differential fragmentation of the linker peptide (LP) that separates the seven-domain TPI functional domains. Using an in vitro fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay and synthetic substrates derived from the LP sequence, we characterized proteases involved in both the processing of the TPI precursor and its vacuolar targeting sequence. Although both a vacuolar processing enzyme and a subtilisin-like protease were found to participate in a two-step processing of LP, only the activity of the subtilisin-like protease was significantly increased by MeJA elicitation. We propose that MeJA elicitation increases TPI precursor production and saturates the proteolytic machinery, changing the processing pattern of TPIs. To test this hypothesis, we elicited a TPI-deficient N. attenuata genotype that had been transformed with a functional NaTPI gene under control of a constitutive promoter and characterized the resulting TPIs. We found no alterations in the processing pattern predicted from the sequence: a result consistent with the saturation hypothesis.
A general biophysical model of larval cod (Gadus morhua) growth applied to populations on Georges Bank
Authors: LOUGH R. G. , BUCKLEY L. J. , WERNER F. E. , QUINLAN J. A. , PEHRSON EDWARDS K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractField‐derived growth rates (RNA‐DNA based) of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae collected on the southern flank of Georges Bank were higher on average in May 1993 than May 1994, despite the apparent higher abundance of potential prey in 1994. A biophysical modeling study is presented here in which factors are examined that may have led to the difference in population mean growth. A one‐dimensional physical model, forced by winds and tides, was used to simulate the vertical structure (of currents, temperature field, and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate) following a column of water in a Lagrangian sense at a site on the southern flank of Georges Bank over 5‐day periods in late May of 1993 and 1994. The biophysical model and observed zooplankton abundance allowed us to explore the vertical structure and temporal (hourly) evolution of feeding and growth for cod larvae in relation to environmental conditions. Our trophodynamic model is improved over previous versions and now includes the effect of light on larval feeding response, as well as the effect of temperature on larval metabolic costs, ingestion, and digestion. Larval prey profiles, comprising four copepod species, were used from a time series of 1/4‐m2 MOCNESS tows to define the prey field. Data from a collateral time‐series of larval gut contents (1‐m2 MOCNESS tows) was used to define maximum ingestion (satiation level) and prey selection. Model outputs provide depth‐dependent estimates of growth, prey biomass ingested, larval length, and larval weight. Water‐column growth‐rate profiles were made for four size classes of larvae (5, 6, 7 and 9 mm) under the environmental conditions observed in May 1993 and 1994. A weighted‐mean growth rate based on the mean vertical distribution of larvae was estimated for each size class. In all cases, when using all available potential prey, the model‐derived 1994 growth rates were higher (by 3–6% day−1) than those for 1993. However, simulations in which 7‐mm larvae followed the field‐derived weighted mean depth over the sampling period, and were limited to their preferred Pseudocalanus prey, resulted in average growth of 12.2% day−1 for 1993 and 9.7% day−1 for 1994. These compared closely to the field growth means of 11.3% day−1 in 1993 and 9.8% day−1 in 1994. Thus, the lower observed growth in May 1994 may have resulted from depth‐dependent food limitation and prey‐selectivity coupled with the greater metabolic costs induced by the higher temperature that year.
Environmental effects on recruitment and productivity of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus with recommendations for management
Authors: YATSU AKIHIKO , WATANABE TOMOWO , ISHIDA MINORU , SUGISAKI HIROYA , JACOBSON LARRY D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe compared a wide range of environmental data with measures of recruitment and stock production for Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus to examine factors potentially responsible for fishery regimes (periods of high or low recruitment and productivity). Environmental factors fall into two groups based on principal component analyses. The first principal component group was determined by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index and was dominated by variables associated with the Southern Oscillation Index and Kuroshio Sverdrup transport. The second was led by the Arctic Oscillation and dominated by variables associated with Kuroshio geostrophic transport. Instantaneous surplus production rates (ISPR) and log recruitment residuals (LNRR) changed within several years of environmental regime shifts and then stabilized due, we hypothesize, to rapid changes in carrying capacity and relaxation of density dependent effects. Like ISPR, LNRR appears more useful than fluctuation in commercial catch data for identifying the onset of fishery regime shifts. The extended Ricker models indicate spawning stock biomass and sea surface temperatures (SST) affect recruitment of sardine while spawning stock biomass, SST and sardine biomass affect recruitment of chub mackerel. Environmental conditions were favorable for sardine during 1969–87 and unfavorable during 1951–67 and after 1988. There were apparent shifts from favorable to unfavorable conditions for chub mackerel during 1976–77 and 1985–88, and from unfavorable to favorable during 1969–70 and 1988–92. Environmental effects on recruitment and surplus production are important but fishing effects are also influential. For example, chub mackerel may have shifted into a new favorable fishery regime in 1992 if fishing mortality had been lower. We suggest that managers consider to shift fishing effort in response to the changing stock productivity, and protect strong year classes by which we may detect new favorable regimes.
The influence of life history dynamics and environment on the determination of year class strength in North Sea herring (Clupea harengus L.)
Authors: NASH R. D. M. , DICKEY‐COLLAS M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe inter‐annual variability in year class strength (1976–2000) of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus) was investigated using Paulik diagrams based on survey data and Virtual Population Analysis. The herring life cycle was split into five stages: spawning stock biomass (SSB), egg production, larvae, fish with 0 winter rings on the otolith (0‐wr), 1‐wr and 2‐wr. Surveys were used as indices and Paulik analysis revealed relationships between stages. In 80% of the years, year class strength reflected SSB. Poorer than expected year classes were determined during the larva to 0‐wr phase, whilst stronger than expected year classes were apparently determined during the 0‐wr to 1‐wr stage. There was no clear relationship between survival of young stages of herring and the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus but the year class strength of 0‐wr and 1‐wr had a negative relationship to bottom water temperature. Lower sea water temperatures in the North Sea are associated with higher Calanus abundance. The analysis shows that the strength of aberrant year classes of North Sea herring is determined between the pelagic larval and the juvenile stages.
Historical changes in the abundance and distribution of ovigerous red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Bristol Bay (Alaska), and potential relationship with bottom temperature
Authors: LOHER T. , ARMSTRONG D. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDistribution and abundance of ovigerous female red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the southeast Bering Sea from 1975 to 2001 were investigated using data collected during National Marine Fisheries Service annual trawl surveys. Peak abundance of ∼140 million crabs was observed in 1978, and declined rapidly to a low of just over 6 million in 1986. Abundance fluctuated from ∼6 to 22 million from the late 1980s through 2001, with a single strong recruitment event that resulted in ∼35 million ovigerous females observed in 1998. Changes in abundance were accompanied by changes in distribution. During the late 1970s the population was typified by high abundance to the southwest, along the northern shore of Unimak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. By the mid‐1980s the population's average center of abundance shifted substantially to the northeast and was found in central Bristol Bay. The distribution remained similar throughout the 1990s. Changes in distribution during the late 1970s and early 1980s coincided with changes in early summer near‐bottom temperature. The 1970s were typified by a pool of very cold water (<1°C) within central Bristol Bay. This retreated in ∼1978, and was not observed in consecutive summers during the remainder of the time series. The northeastward shift in the population, measured as the distance between Unimak Pass and the average center of abundance, showed a negative correlation with the geographic extent the cold‐pool. Abundance calculated for smaller spatial strata indicate that changes in distribution were not simply the result of relative abundance phenomena or solely generated by mortality in southwestern Bristol Bay, but also reflected regional increases in absolute abundance. Total broodstock abundance declined after 1978, but abundance in the western and northern areas of the region increased until at least 1982. The fact that distribution patterns change over time may have implications for population dynamics and fishery management. Changes in spatial population structure may affect recruitment patterns via changes in larval dynamics, and management might benefit if the causes of geographic displacement can be identified and predicted.
Early‐ to late‐summer population growth and prey consumption by age‐0 pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), in two years of contrasting pollock abundance near the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea
Authors: WINTER ANDREAS , SWARTZMAN GORDON , CIANNELLI LORENZO 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAcoustic survey data were used to estimate the abundance and distribution of age‐0 walleye pollock and zooplankton near the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, nursery area at two time periods in two consecutive years: the beginning of August, and mid‐September, of 1996 and 1997. The 1996 pollock year class ultimately produced a large adult cohort in the eastern Bering Sea, while the 1997 year class produced a below‐average adult cohort. Acoustic densities of age‐0 pollock were significantly lower in August – and declined more strongly from August to September – in 1997 than in 1996, indicating that the trend to adult cohort strength was already set by August. Diet composition analyses revealed that age‐0 pollock ate a much higher proportion of euphausiids in 1997 than in 1996, despite lower acoustic abundance of euphausiids in 1997. We infer that in 1996, age‐0 pollock experienced greater feeding success by August, with high concentrations of copepods available for smaller fish to consume, and high concentrations of euphausiids available for larger individuals. In 1997, age‐0 pollock had lower body condition in August and may have been limited by the availability of small (<2 mm) copepods. Bioenergetic modeling of prey consumption did not indicate a likelihood that age‐0 pollock would begin to deplete euphausiids until late August in 1996, and not at all between August and mid‐September in 1997.