bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Causative Agents, Antifungal Susceptibility Profile and Cross-Resistance of Candida albicans isolated from oral and Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Ismaeel Nassir Al-Rubaye Noor , H.Al-Hamadani Adnan , AL- Hilaly Hammady 
Published: January 2024

This study was designed to investigate antifungal susceptibility and cross resistance of C. albicans isolates toward four antifungal drugs; Amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole and ketoconazole The study groups included 208 patients( 108 women and 100 children) who attented the Al-Suwayra Hospital/ Kut Province during the period from December 2008 to April 2009. Patients groups were represented by women who were complaining of vaginal discharge and itching and children who were complaining of oral thrush and infected with different type of disease include upper and lower respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis, kala-azar and septicemia. The study showed that the infection percentage of vaginal candidiasis was 35.1% while oral thrush was 70%. The yeast isolates in two groups were C. albicans (76.8%), C. krusei (1.85%), C. tropicalis (5.5%), C. glabrata (11.1%), C. dublinances (0.9%), Trichosporon (1.85%) and Cryptococcus neoformans (1.85%). The activity of certain antifungal agents were tested against C. albicans isolates by using minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs). The results of range of MICs for amphotericin B was ( 8-128Î¼g/ml), ketoconazole (0.5- 4Î¼g/ml), fluconazole (8-64Î¼g/ml), Nystatin (0.03-2Î¼g/ml). The MICs of amphotericin B to the isolate that mutant to Nystatin tended to rise in parallel from (0.5-1Î¼g/ml) to (4-16Î¼g/ml). There was no correlation between MICs of these strains with fluconazole and ketoconazole. In addition, The MICs of ketoconazole to the isolates that mutant to fluconazole tended to rise in parallel from (0.5-2Î¼g/ml) to (1-8Î¼g/ml). There was no correlation between MICs of these strains with Nystatin and amphotericin B MICs. All the MICs values of the mutant strain return to the original values after remove the drug effect except the Nystatin . The MICs value for the isolate mutant to Nystatin dropped from the range (600-1200Î¼g/ml) to (200-800Î¼g/ml) but not returned to the original range (64-128Î¼g/ml).
In vitro susceptibility of Leishmania donovani promastigotes to some antimicrobials compared with meglumine antimoniate.
Authors: A. Omran May , M. Jasim Ali , N. Jasim Sundus , J. Yasir Saif 
Published: January 2024

This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effectivness of some antimicrobial agents against Leishmania donovani promastigotes (LDP) in vitro. It was performed in College of Medicine in Kufa University during october and november 2008. It included treatment of LDP, cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium enriched with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) for 14 days, with azithromycin (6, 12, and 18 Î¼g /ml), trimethoprimsulfamethoxasol (0.5-9.5 Î¼g/ml), norfloxacin (1 Î¼g /ml ) and meglomin antimoniate (20 Î¼g/ml).The control group contained no antimicrobial with the LDP. Samples were grouped so that each group (20 samples) treated under standardized conditions with one drug (except the control group) in certain concentration that is within its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Promastigotes were counted during the log phase of the growth curve (at day 8). They were subdivided into motile, sluggish and immotile during the counting process and data from the drug-treated groups were compared with that of the control group. The results showed that mean count of motile LDP at day 8 of cultivation in the control group was ( 129.2Ã—104 )LDP/ml, while mean counts of motile LDP in the treated groups were as follows: (20.4Ã—104, 9.2Ã—104, 5.6Ã—104) LDP/ml for azithromycin group, ( 10.64Ã—104 ) LDP/ml for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxasol group, (1.6 Ã—104) LDP/ml for norfloxacin group and (4Ã—104) LDP/ml for meglomin antimoniate group. There was a significant reduction in motile LDP count in all treated groups compared to the control group (p <0.05), though it is insignificant in comparison to meglumine group (p >0.05). According to these data, it is clear that these antimicrobials may be effective enough as an experimental trial on infected mice then to be used in vivo as antileishmanial agents in the future.
The Fracture Resistance Of The Endodontically Treated Molar Teeth With MOD Preparations Restored With Different Types Of Composit Material
Authors: Talib Al-Kuriane Nibras 
Published: January 2024

Compared to teeth with healthy pulps, root filled teeth are considered more susceptible to fracture. The present study was directed toward improving the effect of using flowable composite with or without polyethylene fiber reinforcement on fracture resistance of the endodontically treated mandibular molars with MOD preparations. Thirty sound extracted human mandibular molars were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10). All teeth were root filled and MOD cavity preparation were created.Group (1) was restored with a dentine bonding system(DBS: SE Bond) and composite resin( CR). In group (2), flowable composite resin ( Protect liner F) was used before restoring teeth with CR. In group (3) leno woven ultra high modulus polyethylene ribbon fiber ( Ribbond, Seattle, WA. USA) was inserted into the cavities in a buccal to lingual direction and teeth were then restored with DBS and CR. After finishing and polishing the specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37CÂ° for 1 day. Compressive loading of the teeth was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm min "' . the mean load necessary to fracture the samples were recorded in newtons (N) and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. The results showed that the used of flowable composite resin under composite restorations had no effect on fracture resistance of root filled molars teeth with MOD preparation . while the used of polyethylene fjtffer under composite restorations in root filled teeth with MOD preparations significantly, increased fracture strength .
Aim
To evaluate the effect of using flowable composite with or without ultra high modulus polyethylene fiber reinforcement on fracture resistance of root filled mandibular molars with mesio - occluso-distal(MOD) preparations.
Influence of smoking on duration and recurrence of hospitalization
Authors: J.Hamza Saad , H. Abbas Amjed 
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the relation between cigarette smoking and changes in hospitalization for some common cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Cigarette smoking has well-documented effects on most organs of the body. Previous studies have linked smoking bconsumption to a considerable disease burden and large healthcare expenditures. However, findings from studies based on individual level data were sparse and inconclusive. Few studies have examined the relation between smoking and patterns of admission to hospital. The annual rates of hospital admission attributable to three cardiovascular conditions ( myocardial infarction, angina, and ischemic stroke) and three respiratory conditions (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chest infection) were studied during the period from August 2007 to July 2010, 1164 smoker patients were taken as active group and 856 nonsmoker patients were regarded as never smoker group (control group). Smoking status was strongly associated with increased duration of hospitalization. For smoking-related admissions (active group), odds ratios (OR) of 2.77 (95% CI 2.13â€“3.59) in men and 6.30 (95% CI 4.80â€“8.26) in women were observed among smokers compared to never-smokers. The study also showed a significant increase in the rate of recurrence of admission to the hospital (p<0.05) while nonsignificant changes in the control group. In addition the study revealed a significant association between smoking and increased rates of duration and recurrence of admission to hospital in women in comparison to men. The results of this study serve to expand the list of health outcomes that may be ameliorated by avoiding smoking .
Use of immediate hip spica in the emergency room and out patient clinic in treating closed femoral fractures in children
Authors: Radhi Obaid Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

Twenty children with closed diaphyseal fracture femur were included in a prospective study at emergency department of Al- Samawa and Al-Rhumaitha hospitals from February 2009 to October 2010.There were 15 boys (75%) and 5 girls (25%) . Their age ranged from 10 months to 6 years. Left femur was fractured in 13 (65%) and the right one in the remaining 7 (35%). Oblique fractures were the most frequently reported 12 (60%),followed by spiral fractures in 6 (30%), and transverse fractures in the remaining two (10%). The mechanism of injury was fall at play in 10 patients (50%), road traffic accident (RTA) in 8 (40%) ,and bicycle accidents in the remaining 2 (10%) . Associated soft tissue injuries to other parts of the body had occurred in 4 (20%), all of these were of minor degrees and were treated conservatively. The inclusion criteria used in this study were a patient with a 6 years or less of age with traumatic closed, uncomplicated diaphysal fracture of femur. All cases were treated by immediate hip spica casting under the sedative effect of intravenous diazepam in the emergency room (ER) and outpatient clinic depending on simple, available facilities without using general anesthesia nor C-arm. The duration of the spica was less than or 45 days in 14 patients, more than 45 days in 6 patients. Bony union was achieved in about 3 to 10 weeks (median 6) . There were no instances of malunion, nonunion, or rotational deformities. At final follow-up, limb length discrepancy was noted in 5 children (25%) .Shortening of the fractured limb was 0.5cm in 2 patients, 1cm in 2, and 1.5cm in 1, but none had a discrepancy of greater than 1.5cm or a â€˜short-leggedâ€™ gait. Mild degree of temporary knee joint stiffness was noted in all patients immediately following spica removal which had responded fully to a short course of home exercises programs. The study concluded that immediate hip spica casting in the emergency room without prolonged traction in hospital and without the need of general anesthesia with its known adverse complications is a simple ,feasible and cheap method in treating uncomplicated femoral shaft fractures in children in the first six years of age.
A 10 years review of rupture pregnant uterus in Basra maternity and child hospital
Authors: Al-Rubaei Sajda 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study aims to document the experience of uterin rupture as a serious common complicaion of pregnancy in Basra (Iraq), it also aim to reviewing the main risk factors as to drow board lines for a strategy of prevention.Methods :It is a retrospective study carried out at Basra maternity and child hospital (Iraq) medical records were reviewed for all patient with uterine rupture from the first of Jan. 1999 to the first of Jan. 2009 . The data was analyzed and findings were reviewed to compare the result of similar studies.
Results:Out of a total number of deliveries in the studied peroid of (150514) 188 cases were diagnoised to have uterin rupture giving an incidence of 1:801. The main contributory factor of uterin rupture in this study were previous scar (29.7%) followed by CPD (26.5) follwed by PG insertion (12.7%). Around (67.02%) had complet rupture uterus. Subtotal hystrectomy was carried out in (55.2%), there was (9.5%) maternal mortality and perinatal mortality rate (62.7%).Conclusion :This study confirm the existence of serious preventable obstetrical problem, poor provision of health services, low socioeconomic standard and poor antenatal care so both social andmedical improvement will significantly improve survival in the mother with rupture uterus and reduce perinatal mortality loss.
Effects of Akaka Allium akaka Gmel. extracts on the control of bacterial growth
Authors: Omer Ismaeel Sarmamy Abdul-Ghany 
Published: January 2024

Several experiments were conducted, to determine the effects of extracts of vegetative parts of Lusha (Allium akaka) on growth of some human and plant pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia caratovora. Plant vegetative parts were extracted (crude extraction) using distilled water and ethanol (90%). Concentrations of 500, 1000, 5000 and10000ï­g disc-1and ï­g m-1were tested. Sterilized distilled water usedas control. CRD was applied with four replications, the results analyzed statistically using SPSS and the means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 0.01 level. Results showed that ethanol extracts were effective at concentration of 5000ï­g disc-1and 10000ï­g ml-1 against Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia caratovora while aqueous extract affected on Staphylococcus aureus at 10000 ï­g ml-1 only. Escherichia coli were not affected by the plant extract at all concentrations used in this study. Agar disc diffusion technique was more effective than discsaturation method for determination of plant extract effects on thegrowth of bacteria.
Some physiological changes in men and women after an acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Obaid Al-Muhammadi Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

This study was designed to assess some hematological and biochemical changes related to the acute myocardial infarction patients ,since the levels of these constituents are very important for the health care team to know how the body is responding to the different therapies that being provided and this will help the medical staff for proper management with less morbidity and mortality . The study proceeded from March /2010 to August / 2010. There are 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and healthy subjects of both sexes. The patients were diagnosed by specialist physicians by using positive troponin I tests, typical chest pain and changes in ECG . A total number of 26 patients ; 14 males and 12 females and 22 of healthy control subjects ; 12 males and 10 females.The ages of subjects ranged between 40 to 60 years. Those patients were admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU) in Marjan Teaching hospital in Hilla city. A history and physical examination were obtained and laboratory tests were performed in all subjects during first 3 days of attack . Concerning the hematological parameters , it was found that white blood cells(WBCs) count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of male and female AMI patients showed significant increase(P<0.001) in comparison with healthy controls. Regarding the biochemical parameters ,it was found significant increase(P<0.001) in total serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL (P<0.01)in male and female AMI patients in comparison with healthy controls .While HDL significantly decrease(P<0.001) in both male and female patients in comparison with that of control. Serum magnesium and zinc concentration of both male and female AMI patients showed significant decrease(in male , P<0.05 ; P<0.01 and in female , P<0.01; P<0.01 , respectively) in comparison with control. While ,serum calcium, blood urea and serum creatinine in patients with AMI of both males and females are significantly increased (P<0.001) (exception in calcium, female at P<0.01 ) in comparison with the controls groups.
Evaluation of open and closed treatments of displaced sub condylar fractures
Authors: Jamil AbdulRazzak Najwa , Abdulaziz Issa Sabah 
Published: January 2024

Background:The treatment of condylar process fractures has generated a great deal of discussion and controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma and there are many different methods to treat this injury.Aim of study:To evaluate the methods of treatment of displaced condylar fractures, open or closed and pointing out their indications and contraindication. Materials and methodes:Forty patients (20-50 years old) were selected with displaced sub condylar fractures unilateral or bilateral from January 2009 to September 2009. All patients were treated in maxillofacial unit, hospital of specialized surgery, in Medical City, Bagdad. This study protocol involves all the types of displacement of sub condylar regionwhich can be diagnosed clinically and plain x-ray.By using all of above whether can evaluate the patients if need surgical or functional treatment (only mandibulo maxillary fixation).Results:In our study we classified the displaced sub condylar fracture according to Row 1982 classification and we found the high percentage was medially displaced. We treated 12 patients from 40 patients surgically and 28 patients functionally and we found some of complications with the patients who were treated surgically as infection and visible scar, while the complications of displaced subcondylar fractures which are treated functionally are deviation during mouth opening, temporo mandibular joint pain, asymmetry of face and malocclusion.Conclusion:With difficulties of follow up, for those patients with displaced sub condylar fractures which cannot be treated functionally (MMF) or still malocclusion evenly after using elastic band in MMF we preferred the open reduction with internal rigid fixation by extra oral approach.
Study of BRCA1 gene expression in breast cancer in relation to some clinicopathological parameters in Al-Diwanyia city by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Baqer Hussein Al-Harmooshy Maather 
Published: January 2024

Background: Breast cancer causes major part of cancer deaths in women and is increasing in incidence. The tumor suppressor gene, BRCA1 has been conferred to increase the susceptibility to breast cancer. We aimed to determine the significance of BRCA1 gene expression in relation to other prognostic factors. Materials and methods: 45 patients with positive family history of breast cancer were selected from Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital / department of pathology for the study. A control group of 10 healthy subjects were also included. BRCA1 expression was assessed and correlated with age, family history , histological type and grade of breast cancer.
Results: BRCA1 was found in 9 patients 'samples (20% of the breast cancer tissues) while remaining patients (80%) were negative as well as the control group. A positive significant relationship was demonstrated between BRCA1 expression and high histological grade, age of the patient and family history and A significant negative correlation was found between BRCA1 expression and type of the tumor.Conclusion: The study demonstrated the lack of BRCA1 gene expression in the majority of breast cancer cases and confirmed the relationship between BRCA1 expression and parameters that determine the poor prognosis in breast cancer .
Epidemiological variation in acute appendicitis regarding incidences and causes
Authors: Taher Abbas AL-Baaj Hussein 
Published: January 2024

This study in epidemiology and causes of acute appendicitis in our city ( aldywania) to show the difference in the incidence and causes and complications of the disease in comparison with international study. Material and methodies: prospective study collect 140 cases of approved appendicitis randomly during two years .Results: 64 cases are between 13- 25 years and half of them are males while the incidence of males in above 25 years 38 of total 55 cases. 36 cases of obstruction are cause by fibrosis while 32 cases are cause by fecolith. 14 cases are perforated.
Discussion: Our study show difference in incidence of disease in that it is common in males above 25 year and below 12 years about more than 70% of cases are males while equal incidence between males and females between 12 -25 years paradoxical to international study. Also show the fibrosis of previous attacks is the commonest causes of obstructed type in age above 30 years and fecolith is second to it which is the commonest cause of obstructive appendicitis in the international study. Recurrent appendicitis form about 27% of causes so it is good practice to operate in all cases of acute appendicitis whatever it is mild to prevent more sever attack of recurrence due to obstruction induce by fibrosis.Conclusion: 27% of cases are recurrent and the commonest cause of obstruction is old fibrosis and the disease is more common in males in age after 30 years and before 12 years. 10% of cases complicated by perforation mainly in children.
Patterns of use of benzodiazepines in psychiatric patients
Authors: Nasir Hussain Kareem 
Published: January 2024

Background: The benzodiazepine has been one of the most commonly used drugs in psychiatry and general medicine because benzodiazepine have multifaceted actions like pain killing, antiepileptic and others therefore increasing the abuse of these drugs.Objectives (Aims): The aim of the study is to show the indications for benzodiazepine as in psychiatric patients, and to clarify some of the risks and hazards of their use in general.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study that enrolled 300 patients who had been admitted in three centres including Ibn-Rushid Teaching Hospital For Mental Illness, Al-Rashad Mental Hospital and Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Psychiatric Unit, during period between 1st of May 2011-20st of March 2012 because of different psychiatric illness.Result: This study revealed that 66% patients are male and the majority of patients for whom benzodiazepines were prescribed during their stay in hospital are depression (38%). Also this study revealed majority of patients whom benzodiazepines were prescribed for first admission to psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric unit in general hospital.Conclusion: This study proved that the effect of drug benzodiazepine up on an individual is complex interacting. There are many variables involved such as their pharmacological actions, unwanted effects and interactions with other drugs. We should not prescribe drugs in divided daily dose in those instances where once-daily dose offers advantages.
Glycemic Control, Serum Leptin and Lipid Profile in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Effect of Initial Two Months Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Thanoon Imad , Abed-Alelah Aded- Alrahman Aseel 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on glycemic control (fasting serum glucose "FSG", serum insulin, C-peptide and insulin resistance), serum leptin and lipid profile (total cholesterol 'Tc', triglyceride "TG", low density lipoprotein cholesterol "LDL-C", high density lipoprotein cholesterol "HDL-C" and atherogenic index AI) and to evaluate the effects of intensive 2-months anti-tuberculosis therapy on these parameters in comparison to healthy controls.
Methods:Forty three patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis from the Advisory Clinic for Chest and Pulmonary Diseases in Mosul City were included in this study, with 40 apparently healthy age and sex matched subjects as controls. Assessment of serum concentration of FSG, C-peptide, serum insulin levels and insulin resistance, with serum leptin and lipid profile were done for the patients and controls. After two months with intensive anti- TB therapy (isoniozid "INH" 75 mg, rifampicin 150mg, pyrazinamide 400mg and ethambutol 275mg) 4 tablets as a single dose in the morning with vitamin B6 10mg daily, the same parameters were reassessed for the patients. Body mass index were calculated for both the patients and control using especial equation.
Results:With the exception of body mass index (BMI), there was insignificant differences with regard the parameters of glycemic control, serum leptin and parameters of lipid profile between newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB in the pre-therapy stage and healthy controls. After 2 months of therapy, there was a significant increase in BMI, serum leptin and serum TG with insignificant differences in the other parameters under study.Conclusion: In this study active pulmonary TB as a disease did not affect parameters that represent glycemic controls, serum leptin and lipid profile. Intensive 2-months therapy with anti-TB drugs brings about a significant increase in BMI, serum leptin and TG with insignificant effect on glycemic control, and other parameters of lipid profile.