bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using concept maps to optimize the composition of collaborative student groups: a pilot study
Authors: Kinchin Ian , Hay David 
Published: June 2005

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to stimulate interest in the practical classroom application of concept mapping strategies as an approach that teachers can easily use to enhance collaborative learning.Background.  Concept mapping has been developed as a tool to support meaningful learning. However, much of the research literature fails to explain how concept maps might be most gainfully employed within the classroom. As a result, concept mapping is a tool that is under‐used.Methods.  Students on a postgraduate teacher preparation programme for nurses were arranged in triads on the basis of the morphology of individually‐produced concept maps for the topics of ‘genetics’ and ‘pathogenic microbes’. They were arranged in heterogeneous triads to produce a consensus map for ‘pathogenic microbes’, and then in homogeneous triads to produce a consensus map for ‘genetics’. The number of acceptable propositions found in their individual maps was compared with the number found in the consensus group maps, and gain scores were calculated for each participant.Findings.  Participants arranged in triads of individuals having very different knowledge structures were found to make a greater improvement than those arranged in triads composed of individuals with qualitatively similar knowledge structures.Conclusions.  The study was undertaken with a very small sample and only looked at two topic areas. However, the findings support the idea that collaborative groups work most effectively when individuals within the group bring different perspectives to a problem, and that this perspective can be usefully identified within the classroom environment as variations in concept map morphology.
Installation of telerobotic surgery and initial experience with telerobotic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Costello Anthony J. , Haxhimolla Hodo , Crowe Helen , Peters Justin S. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo assess the ability of untrained laparoscopic surgeons to learn and implement laparoscopic telerobotic radical prostatectomy (TRP) using the daVinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, CA), and assess the education, safety and efficacy issues when instituting this system.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween December 2003 and October 2004, 122 consecutive TRPs were performed by two surgeons for clinically localized prostate cancer. The individual robotic surgeon was assisted at the bedside by another surgeon. The TRP was performed robotically by the surgeon at the remote console unit. Perioperative data and pathological results were recorded. The two surgeons spent 1 week in a skills laboratory using a porcine model of laparoscopic TRP, and then cadaveric robotic prostatectomy. The first six cases were mentored by an experienced telerobotic surgeon.RESULTSThe TRP was conducted by two surgeons with no previous laparoscopic experience. There were no conversions to open surgery. Assessing the complications, postoperative continence, operating time and transfusion rates showed equivalent efficacy and safety to open and pure laparoscopic methods.CONCLUSIONTRP represents a novel computer‐based surgical approach to prostate cancer, which offers the benefits of minimally invasive surgery without the extensive experience associated with the laparoscopic method. It remains to be seen whether the robotic approach can deliver better outcomes in continence and potency over time.
Radical prostatectomy versus high‐dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: effects on health‐related quality of life
Authors: Jo Yoshimasa , Junichi Hiratsuka , Tomohiro Fujii , Yoshinari Imajo , Masato Fujisawa 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo examine the effects of different treatments on the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of men with localized prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween October 1997 and August 2002, 182 men diagnosed with prostate cancer (T1c to T3bN0M0) had radical prostatectomy (RP, 89) or 192iridium high‐dose rate brachytherapy (HDR‐BT, 93) with external beam radiotherapy, and were followed for ≥ 6 months. A postal survey was sent in which HRQoL was assessed using the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) QoL questionnaire, and disease‐specific QoL using the University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA‐PCI).RESULTSQuestionnaire responses were obtained from 151 of 182 patients; there was no significant difference in SF‐36 scale scores between men treated with RP or HDR‐BT. In the UCLA‐PCI, the HDR‐BT group had better urinary function (P < 0.001) and sexual function scores (P= 0.043). Men treated with RP had better bowel bother scores (P = 0.027). In patients with ≥ 2 years of follow‐up, urinary function (P < 0.001) and sexual bother (P = 0.029) were better for men treated with HDR‐BT than for men treated with RP. Men treated with HDR‐BT had significantly better urinary function (P = 0.009) and sexual bother (P = 0.013) even than 30 men treated with unilateral nerve‐sparing RP.CONCLUSIONSIn terms of HRQoL, RP and HDR‐BT did not differ, but HDR‐BT resulted in better urinary and sexual function than RP. When planning treatment, QoL concerns, including mental health issues associated with prostate cancer, need to be addressed with the patients, as do the potential side‐effects.
Myogenic bladder decompensation in boys with a history of posterior urethral valves is caused by secondary bladder neck obstruction?
Authors: Androulakakis Philippos A. , Karamanolakis Dimitrios K. , Tsahouridis Georgios , Stefanidis Antonios A. , Palaeodimos Ilias 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether myogenic bladder decompensation in patients treated for congenital posterior urethral valves (PUV, the most serious cause of infravesical obstruction in male neonates and infants) may be secondary to bladder neck obstruction, as despite prompt ablation of PUV these patients can have dysfunctional voiding during later childhood or adolescence, the so‐called ‘valve bladder syndrome’.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study comprised 18 boys (mean age 14 years, range 6.2–18.5) who had had successful transurethral ablation of PUV between 1982 and 1996, and had completed a follow‐up which included serial assessment of serum creatinine, completion of a standard voiding diary, ultrasonography with measurement of urine before and after voiding, a urodynamic examination with simultaneous multichannel recording of pressure, volume and flow relationships during the filling and voiding phases, coupled with video‐cystoscopy at least twice. The mean (range) follow‐up was 9.3 (6–17) years.RESULTSUrodynamic investigation showed myogenic failure with inadequate bladder emptying in 10 patients; five with myogenic failure also had unstable bladder contractions. On video‐cystoscopy the posterior bladder neck lip appeared elevated in all patients but in those with myogenic failure it was strongly suggestive of hypertrophy, with evidence of obstruction. At the last follow‐up one patient with myogenic failure who had had bladder neck incision and four others who were being treated with α‐adrenergic antagonists had a significant reduction of their postvoid residual urine.CONCLUSIONDespite early valve ablation, a large proportion of boys treated for PUV have gradual detrusor decompensation, which may be caused by secondary bladder neck obstruction leading to obstructive voiding and finally detrusor failure. Surgical or pharmacological intervention to improve bladder neck obstruction may possibly avert this course, but further studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.
An underestimated combination of opposites resulting in enhanced thrombotic tendency
Authors: Simioni Paolo , Castoldi Elisabetta , Lunghi Barbara , Tormene Daniela , Rosing Jan , Bernardi Francesco 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHeterozygous carriers of factor V (FV) Leiden who also carry FV deficiency often develop venous thromboembolism, but the thrombosis risk associated with this rare condition (pseudohomozygous activated protein C resistance) is still unclear. The thrombosis risk of genetically characterized pseudohomozygotes (n = 6) was compared with that of FV Leiden heterozygotes (n = 683) and homozygotes (n = 50) recruited within a large cohort study on familial thrombophilia. Both thrombin generation and Kaplan-Meier thrombosis-free survival analyses were performed in different FV genotype groups. FV Leiden pseudohomozygotes showed significantly higher thrombosis risk than heterozygotes. The thrombin generation test in pseudohomozygotes showed a pattern similar to homozygotes. Accordingly, early thrombotic manifestations occurred in pseudohomozygotes at a similar rate as in homozygotes. Thus, failure to recognize FV deficiency in FV Leiden heterozygotes may result in an underestimate of the thrombosis risk and inadequate management of affected patients.
The effect of illustrations on patient comprehension of medication instruction labels
Authors: Hwang Stephen W , Tram Carolyn QN , Knarr Nadia 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Labels with special instructions regarding how a prescription medication should be taken or its possible side effects are often applied to pill bottles. The goal of this study was to determine whether the addition of illustrations to these labels affects patient comprehension.

Methods
Study participants (N = 130) were enrolled by approaching patients at three family practice clinics in Toronto, Canada. Participants were asked to interpret two sets of medication instruction labels, the first with text only and the second with the same text accompanied by illustrations. Two investigators coded participants' responses as incorrect, partially correct, or completely correct. Health literacy levels of participants were measured using a validated instrument, the REALM test.

Results
All participants gave a completely correct interpretation for three out of five instruction labels, regardless of whether illustrations were present or not. For the two most complex labels, only 34–55% of interpretations of the text-only version were completely correct. The addition of illustrations was associated with improved performance in 5–7% of subjects and worsened performance in 7–9% of subjects.

Conclusion
The commonly-used illustrations on the medication labels used in this study were of little or no use in improving patients' comprehension of the accompanying written instructions.
Case mix and outcomes for admissions to UK adult, general critical care units with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database
Authors: Wildman Martin J , Harrison David A , Brady Anthony R , Rowan Kathy 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of admission to intensive care units (ICUs) in the UK. This report describes the case mix and outcomes of these patients and explores associations of measures of case mix available in the first 24 hours with outcome.

Method
We conducted a secondary analysis of a high quality clinical database, the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database, of 129,647 admissions to 128 adult, general critical care units across England, Wales and Northern Ireland for the period from 1995 to 2001.

Results
Nonsurgical admissions with COPD accounted for 3752 admissions (2.9% of all admissions). Patients were acidotic (median pH 7.26, interquartile range [IQR] 7.18–7.33), hypercapnic (median arterial CO2 tension 8.7, IQR 6.9–10.7) and hypoxic (median arterial O2 tension/fractional inspired oxygen gradient 22.9, IQR 17.2–29.6). Overall, 2775 (73.9%) were definitely intubated and 278 (7.4%) were probably intubated in the first 24 hours in the ICU. The median (IQR) ICU length of stay was 4.0 (1.6–9.4) days and the hospital length of stay was 16 (9–29) days. a total of 827 patients (23.1%) died in the admitting ICU and 1322 (38.3%) died during hospital admission. Age, presence of severe respiratory disease, length of stay in hospital before critical care admission, cardiopulmonary resuscitation within 24 hours before admission, intubation status in first 24 hours in critical care, pH, arterial oxygen tension/fractional inspired oxygen gradient, albumin, cardiovascular organ failure, neurological organ failure and renal organ failure all had independent associations with hospital mortality. Respiratory organ failure had a significant independent association with decreased hospital mortality.

Conclusion
Nonsurgical patients with COPD represent an important group of patients admitted to UK ICUs. The presence of single organ respiratory failure in the first 24 hours in critical care identifies patients with a 70% chance of surviving to leave hospital.
Aerial archaeology: a full digital workflow for aerial photography
Authors: Leckebusch Jürg 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAerial archaeology is an established prospection method, but its systems and techniques have changed very little since its first applications. The advent of modern high‐resolution digital cameras, with better image resolution and image depth than comparable analogue photography, offers the possibility of a full digital workflow. A new system is being developed to fulfil all the requirements of aerial archaeology. The images are stored on a PC, together with associated geographical data, including the location and orientation of the camera stations. A GIS displays the camera stations together with the flight path. Once the photographic record of a site is finished, the geographical co‐ordinates of the target are calculated automatically, and combined with other data from a simple user interface to provide a complete primary data set during the flight. This allows the investigator to spend more time searching for sites during the flight, and simplifies the interpretation and analysis of the images in the office. This paper presents several new approaches to full integration of the systems involved. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teratogenic effects of bis‐diamine on the developing cardiac conduction system
Authors: Kise Kazuyoshi , Nakagawa Masao , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Hanato Takashi , Watanabe Noriko , Nishijima Setsuko , Fujino Hidetoshi , Takeuchi Yoshihiro , Shiraishi Isao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCongenital heart defects, including conotruncal anomalies, are often associated with arrhythmias. Bis‐diamine induces conotruncal anomalies in embryos when administered to pregnant female rats. To investigate the mechanism of arrhythmia in conotruncal anomalies, we histologically examined the development of the cardiac conduction system in this animal model.METHODSA single dose of 200 mg of bis‐diamine was administered to pregnant Wistar rats on ED 10.5 of pregnancy. The embryos were removed on each day from ED 11.5 to 15.5. Immunoexpression of HNK‐1, connexin40, and connexin43 were examined in serial sections. The distribution pattern of TUNEL‐positive cells around the conduction system was also examined.RESULTSHNK‐1 immunoreactivity was evident in interventricular septum, in both the control and the bis‐diamine–treated embryos from ED 12.5. Although a chain of connexin40‐immunoreactive cells from interventricular septum to trabeculae, corresponding to the His bundle and its branches, was demonstrated at ED 13.5 in the control embryos, this chain was first detected at ED 14.5 in the bis‐diamine–treated embryos. Immunoexpression of connexin43 in the working myocardium was also less in the bis‐diamine–treated embryos than in the control at ED 13.5. The number of TUNEL‐positive cells in the interventricular septum was highest at ED 12.5 in the control and at ED 13.5 in the bis‐diamine–treated embryos. Furthermore, these TUNEL‐positive cells were HNK‐1 negative, vimentin‐positive, and alpha smooth muscle actin–positive.CONCLUSIONSBis‐diamine disturbed the normal development of gap junctions and apoptosis of myofibroblasts around the HNK‐1–positive conduction tissue through overall poor myocardial proliferation and growth. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One Dimensional Volume‐Phase Transition of N‐Isopropylacrylamide Gels on the Surface of Gold Electrodes
Authors: Karbarz Marcin , Gniadek Marianna , Stojek Zbigniew 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNumerous 500‐μm layers of the cross‐linked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel were anchored on the surface of gold electrodes. It has been found that at circa 34 °C, as it occurs in bulk gels, the gel layers undergo the volume phase transition (effective shrinking). Since the adhesion of the gel layers to gold appeared to be sufficiently strong, the phase transition was in fact one‐dimensional. The shrinking process has been examined optically and voltammetrically using 1,1′‐ferrocenedimethanol as a model electroactive analyte. Good adhesion of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel to gold electrodes makes the gel layers potential hosts for enzymes and other catalysts. On the other hand the shrinking process may offer a convenient way to replace analytes and catalysts in the gel layers.
Effect of Deposition Conditions on Pt‐YSZ Cermet Anodes Made by PEVD
Authors: Haldane M. A. , Etsell T. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractYttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was deposited onto porous platinum networks by polarized electrochemical vapor deposition (PEVD) to make composite SOFC anodes. Although performance was poor, both before and after deposition, it was found to be better when high deposition temperatures were used, despite significant loss of electrode porosity during high temperature deposition. When the deposition temperature was lowered, from 1,050 °C to 900 °C, the level of porosity was maintained, but the power output was generally lower. Performance was partially recoverable by increasing the magnitude of the polarizing voltage during deposition. Typically, this led to an increase in deposition current, which in all cases exceeded the required amount for YSZ formation. By increasing the delivery rates of the source materials for yttria and zirconia, the amount of deposit formed could be increased, but excess oxygen at the anode prevented the formation of a continuous layer, in most cases.
Multistate active spaces from local CAS‐SCF molecular orbitals: The photodissociation of HFCO as an example
Authors: Junquera‐Hernández J. M. , Pitarch‐Ruiz J. , Sánchez‐Marín J. , Evangelisti S. , Maynau D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA recently developed algorithm to generate localized molecular orbitals (LMO) is applied to the study of excited states along a photodissociation process. The LMOs allow for the selection of a consistent complete active space (CAS) for the simultaneous description of all the electronic states involved in a multistate process on the basis of simple chemical criteria. The local nature of the orbitals is used to label them in a unique way that does not depend on the molecular geometry. The selection of the electronic configurations of interest for the set of target states on only the basis of the dominant excitations required by the simplest configuration interaction (CI) descriptions for both ground and excited states is fairly simplified. The following of the changes in the nature of the states along cuts in the set of potential energy surfaces (PES) is also simpler. The CF bond breaking and the states involved in the photodissociation of the HFCO system, together with another geometrical path along the PES of the same previous states, are studied by way of examples in this work. The local nature of the MOs warrants that this small system is representative enough to show the advantages of the procedure and that its application to larger systems (R‐FCO systems) would be straightforward. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1254–1262, 2005
Delivering the nuts without the bolts: The plight of clinical psychology practice
Authors: Cummings Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA vision as bold as that expressed by C.R. Snyder and Timothy R. Elliott in their target article, “Twenty‐First Century Graduate Education in Clinical Psychology: A Four Level Matrix Model” (this issue), should make the long‐awaited breakthrough in training that would include development, implementation, and evaluation of large‐scale health delivery systems. The realization that clinical psychology is part of the health care industry, and not just psychotherapy or mental health, would enable psychologists to go beyond the laboratory and become important decision makers in the health care arena and thus command a greater share of health care funding. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Reconciling the rift: Improving clinical psychology graduate training in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Ritschel Lorie A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMost graduate programs in clinical psychology adhere to and reportedly are satisfied with the scientist–practitioner model of training. In the present commentary, I take the position that this model must be updated to reconcile the rift that currently exists between the scientists and the practitioners within the field. A return to scientific rigor within the field is espoused, and suggestions of ways to improve both undergraduate and graduate curricula are made. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The matrix model for clinical psychology: A contextual approach
Authors: Sue Stanley , Terry Alison 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe four level matrix model proposed by C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott (this issue) is a bold attempt to provide a coherent philosophy and model to guide the training of clinical psychologists. Shortcomings of current training practices, such as a focus on individuals rather than community dynamics and on pathology rather than strengths, are addressed in the proposed model. Difficulties in the implementation of the model are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
Chiral quantification of D‐, L‐phenylglycine mixture using mass spectrometric kinetic method
Authors: Ming Li , Zhiqiang Liu , Huanwen Chen , Shuying Liu , Qinhan Jin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel mass spectrometric method is applied to rapid, accurate, quantitative analysis of chiral phenylglycine. Transition‐metal–bound complex ions containing the chiral phenylglycine are generated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and subjected to collision‐induced dissociation. The ratio of the two competitive dissociation rates is related to the enantiomeric composition of the mixture, allowing the determination of enantiomeric contamination in the intermediates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: Report on a case originally diagnosed as dopa‐responsive dystonia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Paviour Dominic C. , Revesz Tamas , Holton Janice L. , Evans Andrew , Olsson Jan‐Edvin , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNeuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with a heterogeneous clinical picture characterized by the presence of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in neuronal and glial cells. We describe a case, reported 12 years ago as dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD) with Lewy body pathology. Pathological re‐examination has led to a revised diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. This rare condition, which may be diagnosed in life with a full thickness rectal biopsy, needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of any case presenting as progressive juvenile parkinsonism (JP) or dystonia. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Unusual cause of lung and renal disease in a baby with trisomy 21
Authors: Navarro A. , Jiménez J. , Ríos T. , Mestanza F. , Aguirre I. , Urquizo R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a case of right thoracic ectopic kidney in a 13‐month‐old boy with trisomy 21. We think an intrathoracic kidney should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a thoracic mass. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 40:173–174. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.