bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation Study of Transient Eddy Current Effect in 3T Animal Gradient Coil
Authors: Yin Juntao , Wang Yaohui , Lu Zhaokun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the process of high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the eddy current modeling and simulation of the cold screen and metal parts are not highly accurate. To solve this problem, this paper uses the target field method to design a 3T animal gradient coil model. To get more realistic simulation results, a complex model including a gradient system, cryogenic vessel, cold screen, epoxy resin, and temperature holes was constructed. The model was refined using the finite element method, and the effects of eddy currents induced by the gradient coil on the cylindrical cryogenic container and cold screen in the superconducting magnetic resonance instrument under the state of multi-physical field coupling were simulated. The model effectively reflects the transient eddy current distributions on the cold screen and cryogenic vessel in the MRI system and their time-dependent temperature rise effects.
Socio-hydrological impacts of rate design on water affordability during drought
Authors: Nayak Adam , Rachunok Benjamin , Thompson Barton , Fletcher Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unaffordable water threatens water access in the United States, particularly for low-income households. In water-scarce cities, water shortages during drought necessitate either expensive infrastructure development or costly emergency measures to meet demand, which can in turn increase water rates. Rate design plays a key role in determining whether these costs threaten water affordability for low-income households, but water utilities are often constrained by local and state policy in their ability to set progressive rates. Therefore, new approaches to assess the impact of rates on water affordability within the local legal and hydrological context are needed in drought-prone regions. To address this gap, we design a socio-hydrological modeling framework that fuses legal analysis, behavioral economics, and water resource systems modeling to assess the impacts of rate design on household water affordability. We demonstrate this framework in an illustrative application in Santa Cruz, California, where droughts threaten water supplies and California Proposition 218 deters public water utilities in setting progressive rate design. Our results demonstrate that legal constraints reduce affordability during droughts by limiting drought surcharge rate structures. This framework can help utilities design rates to improve water affordability in their socio-hydrological context and illuminate the impacts of state policy on affordability outcomes.
Linking Arctic stratospheric polar vortex weakening to rising CO2-induced intensification of the Indo-Pacific warm pool during the past five decades
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Sui Cuijuan , Sun Bo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accompanying the global rise in greenhouse gas emissions, a warming trend in the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) has exerted a discernible influence on tropical atmosphere–ocean interactions. However, the impact of this intensification of the IPWP on the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex (ASPV) remains unclear. In this study, we revealed a link between the changes in the IPWP and ASPV during the early winter months, with nearly half of the weakening in the ASPV attributable to the intensification of the IPWP from 1968 to 2020. Wave trains triggered by the elevated SST in the IPWP region lead to enhanced eastward-propagating flux convergence in the northern high-latitude stratosphere, ultimately resulting in a diminishing ASPV. With increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas, the ASPV is poised to further weaken in the future, particularly in the context of a more intense IPWP. Our finding has significant implications for early winter ASPV strength and location prediction and seasonal weather forecasting.
How user behaviour affects emissions and costs in residential energy systems—The impacts of clothing and thermal comfort
Authors: Huckebrink David , Finke Jonas , Bertsch Valentin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To mitigate climate change, energy systems must be decarbonised. Human behaviour affects energy systems on residential scales through technology adoption and use, but is often neglected in models for analysing energy systems. We therefore study the optimal planning and operation of a sector-coupled residential energy system driven by economic and environmental interests and user behaviour in terms of desired thermal comfort and clothing. Methodologically, we combine a highly flexible energy system optimisation framework for investment and operational planning, a thermal building representation, a continuous and empirically founded objective for thermal comfort as the sole driver of heating demand and an analytical multi-objective optimisation method in one sector-coupled model. We find that optimal investment in and operation of technology are highly dependent on users’ clothing and the desired comfort level. Changing from unadapted to warm clothing in transition and winter season can reduce costs by 25%, carbon emissions by 48%, gas consumption by 84%, heat demand by 20% or necessary PV installations by 28% without lowering thermal comfort. Similar reduction potentials are offered by lowering thermal comfort without changing clothing. We find that heat pumps, rooftop solar PV, batteries and generously sized water tanks are essential technologies that should be adopted regardless of user behaviour, while hydrogen is not. Full decarbonisation would require additional measures like refurbishments or further carbon-free energy sources. We conclude that in striving for decarbonisation and independency of gas, appropriate clothing and sector coupling should be promoted by policy makers and utilised by end-users as very efficient ways of reducing costs, carbon emissions, energy use and gas dependency.
A review of climate change-induced flood impacts and adaptation of coastal infrastructure systems in the United States
Authors: Shrestha Ashish , Howland Gregory J , Chini Christopher M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Climate change-induced sea level rise, storm surge and extreme precipitation in coastal regions of the United States (US) are affecting coastal infrastructure systems, including transportation, defense, energy, buildings, water supply, wastewater, stormwater and shoreline infrastructure. The interdependencies among these systems further worsen the climate change risks affecting infrastructure reliability and resiliency. Evaluating the current state of scientific research focus on climate change-induced coastal flood risk and the adaptation of US coastal infrastructure systems helps in understanding the current progress in critical coastal infrastructure adaptation and guides future research in the necessary direction. In this review, we synthesize the scientific literature through a metadata analysis within the scope of US coastal infrastructure system risk due to climate change-induced recurrent flooding in seven key coastal infrastructure systems across different coastal regions, namely, New England, the Mid-Atlantic, the Southeast and Gulf, and the West Coast. Our review found that coastal stormwater and shoreline protection systems and transportation systems are the most studied, while water supply and defense systems are the least studied topics. Over the last decade of scientific contributions, there has been a distinct shift in focus from understanding and quantifying coastal flood risks towards adapting coastal infrastructure systems. The majority of the studies are based in the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast and Gulf, while national scale studies are very limited. Although critical to resilient coastal infrastructure systems, the consideration of interdependencies or studies expanding across multiple infrastructure systems are limited. Out of the forward-looking studies that consider future climate scenarios, 39% considered only long-term (year 2100) scenarios, while 27% considered all short-, medium- and long-term scenarios. Considering finite resources and finite infrastructure life span, the ultimate focus on the end of the century climate scenarios extending beyond most of the existing infrastructure’s design life is a challenge to adaptation planning.
The Family of the City, the Family of the Country
Authors: Kreiczer-Levy Shelly , Wang Baoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this Article, we argue that the state supports different familial practices in urban and rural areas. Spatial laws and policies are affecting family members’ ability, availability, and commitment to care for one another based on their geographical location. We support the argument using a bottom-up approach that works with three case studies from three jurisdictions: China, Israel, and the United States to uncover and understand the phenomenon. In all these instances, state policies and laws effectively create gaps in familial practices between the city and the country. The analysis identifies and compares two categories of state involvement: differential treatment and spatially blind policies. Collectively, the case studies introduce to family law scholarship the rich, contextual phenomenon of state involvement in spatially shaping families.
Embedding community development approaches in local systems to address health inequalities: a scoping review
Authors: Walters Elizabeth , Findlay Gail , Curtis-Tyler Katherine , Harden Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a growing evidence base which shows that community development can make an important contribution to reducing health inequalities, but embedding community development as a mainstream approach into local systems is challenging. The literature relevant to the question of how to embed community development approaches is reviewed in this paper.

Methods
Using guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute, a scoping review was carried out to identify relevant literature. Systematic searches were carried out across multiple databases, experts in the field were contacted and references of included studies were screened. Search results were screened against exclusion criteria. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used as a framework to identify factors hindering or supporting embedding.

Findings
The review identified thirty-five documents which described embedded, or attempts to embed, community development approaches in fourteen different countries. The most common community development approaches were strength-based or co-production. Four studies reported primary research on the embedding process or systems change. Several barriers and facilitators to embedding were identified including those related to funding arrangements, organizational and system culture, building trust with communities and the need for training and support for staff.

Conclusion
Using an implementation science framework, this scoping review has assessed the nature of the evidence base on how to embed community development. While the evidence base uncovered is currently limited, barriers and facilitators to embedding identified in the review can be used to both inform future attempts to embed community development and provide the building blocks for future primary research.
The EU’s Turn to ‘Strategic Autonomy’: Leeway for Policy Action and Points of Conflict
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a world marked by intensifying geopolitical rivalries, supply chain vulnerabilities and disruptive technological change, ensuring ‘strategic autonomy’ is now an avowed goal of numerous European Union (EU) policy initiatives. This article seeks to facilitate an assessment of this ‘policy turn’ by developing a taxonomy of associated objectives and by illuminating points of conformance and conflict with EU and international law. The EU Treaties offer a robust legal basis for a stronger-values orientation in external relations, for policies designed to rebalance reciprocity in pursuit of geo-economic ambition and for the pursuit of technological leadership within the EU Treaties’ level-playing-field legal foundation. Yet there is a thin line to collisions with international (trade and investment) law, notably where value prioritization, technological preferences or geopolitical concerns are tantamount to discrimination or invite protectionist policy choices. Employment of coercive tools in a unilateral fashion questions the legal default of multilateralism and openness. Persistent strategic diversity within the Union hinders ‘institutional autonomy’, particularly where unanimity voting makes intergovernmentalism the predominant mode of cooperation. The findings shed light on how the evolving geopolitical environment leads to a recalibration of EU external relations between protection and openness, independence and interdependence, unilateralism and multilateralism and power and rules.
Evening
Authors: Enright Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Such are the people, some of them at any rate, and such is the life around us here. Some of us are better than others and some are worse. But aren't we all the better for sharing our lives together, as they say? It did not take me long at all, or the 'Queen' either, to settle down after coming out from the Island. The people we met here were no different from those we left behind in the other place. The only thing was that the paths we had trodden in our youth were over there and it wasn't easy to put those out of our thoughts. We came to know new neighbours and they came to know us. They are honest folk, straight as a die.
Characterization of nicotine receptor sites in the brain
Authors: Wonnacott S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the earlier chapters in this volume it is recognized that nicotine exerts its principal behavioural and psychological effects by interacting with the central nervous system. This interaction at the cellular level has been discussed in the previous chapter. The target for nicotine can be further refined to the molecular level, and the present text will consider the interaction of nicotine with its specific recognition sites on neurones. In this context it is fitting that studies with nicotine led to the initial concept of a ‘receptive substance’ on the cell surface that translates the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter into a cellular response (Langley 1907). Nicotine was instrumental, too, in the subclassification of acetylcholine receptors into muscarinic (sensitive to muscarine) and nicotinic types (Dale 1914).
Introduction: a life course approach to the aetiology of adult chronic disease
Authors: Kuh Diana , Ben-Shlomo Yoav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prevailing aetiological model for adult disease which emphasizes adult risk factors, particularly aspects of adult life style, has been challenged in recent years by research that has shown that poor growth and development and adverse early environmental conditions are associated with a raised risk of adult chronic disease. One early life model hypothesizes that adult chronic disease and many of its adult risk factors are biologically ‘programmed’ during gestation or early infancy. An alternative model hypothesizes that adult chronic disease reflects cumulative differential lifetime exposure to damaging physical and social environments. The contributors to this book take a broad life course approach, reviewing the epidemiological, social and biological evidence to see which experiences at different stages of the life course may contribute to the development of chronic disease and other aspects of adult health.
The life course and adult chronic disease: an historical perspective with particular reference to coronary heart disease
Authors: Kuh Diana , Smith George Davey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first half of the twentieth century there was considerable public health and epidemiological interest in the idea that early life experiences influenced adult vitality and mortality risk. This was complementary to ideas that emerged in the biological and psychological sciences at that time. A key feature of the scientific debate was the relative contribution of the early environment as compared with heredity.
Preadult influences on cardiovascular disease and cancer
Authors: Leon David , Ben-Shlomo Yoav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that factors acting across the life course, rather than just adulthood, are important in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Consistent evidence, from different settings, demonstrates an inverse association between birthweight and risk of coronary heart disease, fetal growth retardation being associated with an increased risk. These relationships do not appear to be explained by confounding factors such as socioeconomic status, or other risk factors. Specific patterns of growth retardation, rather than birthweight per se, may be particularly important and explain the paradoxical observation that twin births, despite being lighter, do not show an increased risk. Weight at 1 year, exposure to enteric infections, and growth in childhood may also independently increase disease risk, through possibly different mechanisms. Natural history studies of children also demonstrate how adult risk factors track from an early age and predict early markers of atherosclerosis. Breast cancer is similarly associated with age at first birth, height, age at menarche, and possibly birthweight and pre-eclampsia. The latter findings are, however, inconsistent and based on proxy measures of estrogen exposure in utero. This has been hypothesised to alter the number or susceptibility of stem cells that may undergo future malignant change.
Blood pressure and hypertension
Authors: Whincup Peter , Cook Derek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure in adult life, rather than blood pressure earlier in the life course, is the critical influence on cardiovascular risk. The patterns of blood pressure seen in middle age emerge in the individual in the first years of life and in the population during childhood or adolescence. These patterns are substantially reversible, and closely related to development of variations in body mass. Factors influencing blood pressure in middle age, particularly body mass and potassium intake, are also related to blood pressure in childhood and adolescence, again in a reversible way. Fetal factors (particularly related to birthweight) may have a long term influence on adult blood pressure. However, the effect of fetal factors appears to be smaller than that of factors acting in adult life and the underlying causes and mechanisms have yet to be defined.
Psychological Perspectives On Music And Emotion
Authors: Sloboda John A , Juslin Patrik N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the context of a multidisciplinary work, it may be appropriate for us to briefly set out what we consider to be the essentials of a psychological approach, so as to show its distinct orientation, alongside the other disciplines represented here.Yet, we are also mindful of the apocryphal tale of a young colleague of William James who was asked by the master to take an introductory course in psychology while James was away, and thought he would begin by defining psychology, and was still struggling to do that when James returned 12 weeks later! So as not to delay our treatment of emotion for too long, let alone its intersection with music, we shall confine our remarks on psychology to a set of rather dogmatic statements.We believe that in broad outline they describe what most psychologists do, although there is much dispute over the details, with differing schools and periods placing differing emphasis on the various subcomponents (Leahey 1987).More importantly for the present chapter, perhaps, these statements reflect our own perceptions of what it is to do psychology, of both music and emotion, and form some sort of underlying framework for the material we present here.
Emotion and composition in classical music: historiometric Perspectives
Authors: Simonton Dean Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The compositions that constitute the classical music tradition of the Western world probably have many different functions. Yet among those functions is probably some kind of emotional expression or communication. That is, when aficionados of classical music attend a concert or turn on their stereo, they usually expect to be ‘moved’. Furthermore, listeners often believe that these emotional reactions are what the composer intended—that the work is a vehicle for emotional communication. As Beethoven once put it, ‘Coming from the heart, may it go to the heart’ (quoted in Scherman & Biancolli 1972, p. 951). What makes these expectations somewhat surprising is the fact that classical music constitutes a fairly abstract form of aesthetic expression. Indeed, the concert halls are often dominated by purely instrumental forms—such as the symphony, concerto, quartet, and sonata—in which not a single word or programme gives any clue what the piece is actually about. Moreover, looking at a music score does not help render a classical composition any less abstract. On the contrary, musical notation is far more precise, rarified, and refined than can be found in any other form of artistic expression. Superficially at least, a score has more in common with a mathematical proof than with a painting, poem, or sculpture.
Emotions In Strong Experiences With Music
Authors: Gabrielsson Alf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In most people’s minds there is a strong association between music and emotions. Music can be felt to express emotions as well as to arouse emotions.While musical expression has been given considerable attention in empirical research (cf. Gabrielsson & Lindström, this volume; Juslin, this volume), emotional reactions to music have been less studied. The purpose of this chapter is to describe emotional reactions that occur in particularly strong experiences of music, and further to explore which factors can elicit such reactions. Strong experiences of music may have many properties in common with other types of strong or exceptional experience, for instance,mystical experience which is described and discussed in many religious contexts. In the following, I first briefly review some earlier research on strong experiences, and then describe a research project on strong experiences of music (Section 19.3) and the associated analysis of emotional reactions (Section 19.4), followed by a discussion (Section 19.5).
Wanting and liking
Authors: Nettle Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aldous Huxley’s prophetic novel Brave new world (1931) depicts an England where unhappiness has been eliminated. ‘Everybody's happy now’ is the mantra repeated to the young 150 times a night for the first twelve years of life. Perfect happiness is ensured by a combination of genetic engineering, artificially controlled growth conditions, and intense mind- training from an early age. However, for any residual glimmers of dissatisfaction that somehow survive into adulthood, there is soma.
Co-Ordinate Geometry
Authors: Whitehead Alfred North 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Methods and ideas of co-ordinate geometry have already been employed in the previous chapters. It is now time for us to consider them more closely for their own sake; and in doing so we shall strengthen our hold on other ideas to which we have attained. In the present and succeeding chapters we will go back to the idea of the positive and negative real numbers and will ignore the imaginaries which were introduced in the last two chapters.