bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification of Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Minimally Invasive Video‐assisted Parathyroidectomy and Minimally Invasive Open Videoscopically Magnified Parathyroidectomy with Local Anesthesia
Authors: Lorenz Kerstin , Phuong Nguyen‐Thanh , Dralle Henning 
Published: October 2002

With the expansion of minimally invasive parathyroid surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism, new approaches and techniques evolved, creating new surgical algorithms with consequences for indication for surgery and patient selection. The presented methods of selective, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy represent this development of diversification. Minimally invasive video‐assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP)
has advanced to bilateral exploration, avoiding preoperative localization other than ultrasonography. Furthermore, a new technique of minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy with the option of videoscopic magnification under local anesthesia (MIPLA) for localizable adenomas is introduced. A series of 103
patients were operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism using minimally invasive procedures: 87 with MIVAP and 16 with MIPLA. With MIVAP the conversion rate to cervicotomy for multiglandular disease or technical difficulties was
16% (n = 14). With MIPLA, conversion to general intubation anesthesia or additional sedation was necessary in four patients. A transient laryngeal nerve palsy was observed in one patient with MIVAP.
Bilateral exploration was carried out during 29 MIVAPs and 2 MIPLAs. The duration of surgery differed, with a median 63 minutes for MIVAP and 39 minutes for MIPLA. Surgery under local anesthesia was completed in 4 patients with MIVAP and in 14 with MIPLA. All patients were cured of primary hyperparathyroidism. Preliminary results of diversified procedures demonstrate effects regarding omission of preoperative diagnostics, overall cost reduction,
and increasing patient selection for selective parathyroid surgery because of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Outcome of Laparoscopic Pancreatic Surgery: Endocrine and Nonendocrine Tumors
Authors: Fernández‐Cruz L. , Sáenz A. , Astudillo E. , Martinez I. , Hoyos S. , Pantoja J.P. , Navarro S. 
Published: October 2002

Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery (LapPS)
for management of benign pancreatic tumors has still not been defined.
This paper evaluates the feasibility and outcome of LapPS in patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPTs) and cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (CyNP). Eighteen patients with benign pancreatic tumors underwent LapPS between January 1998 and May 2001. The indications were
10 EPTs (6 sporadic insulinomas, 1 multiple insulinoma of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, 2 nonfunctioning tumors, 1 VIPoma) and 8
CyNPs (3 serous cystadenomas, 5 mucinous cystic neoplasms). The laparoscopic procedure was performed using four ports with patients in the half‐lateral position. Laparoscopic ultrasonography (LapUS) was used in all cases. Laparoscopic enucleation (LapE) was planned in five patients and performed in four (one conversion for tumor not found during laparoscopy). Laparoscopic pancreatic resection (LapPR) with spleen salvage was planned in 13 patients and performed in 12 (one conversion for metastatic VIPoma), with splenic vessel preservation in
11 patients and short gastric vessel preservation in 1. The average operating time was 3.5 hours after enucleation, 4.0 hours after distal pancreatectomy, and 5.0 hours after subtotal pancreatectomy. Pancreatic fistula was observed in two patients after LapE and in three patients after LapPR. Splenectomy for splenic abscess was performed 1 week after surgery in a patient with short gastric vessel splenic preservation.
The average hospital stay was 5 days. We concluded that LapPS is a safe method for removing EPTs and CyNPs, although the incidence of pancreatic fistulas remains high. In selected patients LapPS offers significant benefit to patients: reduced trauma to the abdominal wall,
short hospital stay, and a quick postoperative recovery.
Misoprostol use in obstetrics and gynecology in Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States
Authors: Clark S. , Blum J. , Blanchard K. , Galvão L. , Fletcher H. , Winikoff B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives: To investigate current clinical use of misoprostol for the treatment of a range of reproductive health indications by providers in Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States. Methods: Using a ‘snowball’ sampling technique, we surveyed 228 gynecologists and obstetricians in Brazil (n=123), Jamaica (n=52), and the United States (n=53). Results: Providers use misoprostol for labor induction (46%), postpartum hemorrhage (8%), intra‐uterine fetal death (61%), cervical priming (21%), missed abortion (57%), and incomplete abortion (16%) as well as first and second trimester abortion induction (27% and 13%, respectively). Conclusions: There is considerable variation in the regimens used; moreover, the regimens commonly used in clinical practice often differ from those recommended in the medical literature. While misoprostol is an appealing alternative for many reproductive health indications in developing countries, the varied regimens and lack of registration raise critical medical and policy questions.
Transplantation of the human uterus
Authors: Fageeh W , Raffa H , Jabbad H , Marzouki A 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHuman uterine transplantation was performed on 6 April 2000 on a 26‐year‐old female who lost her uterus 6 years earlier due to post‐partum hemorrhage. The donor, a 46‐year‐old patient with multiloculated ovarian cysts, underwent a hysterectomy modified to preserve tissue and vascular integrity. The donor uterus was connected in the orthotopic position to the recipient's vaginal vault and additional fixation was achieved by shortening the uterosacral ligament. The uterine arteries and veins were extended using reversed segments of the great saphenous vein, then connected to the external iliac arteries and veins, respectively. Immunosuppression was maintained by oral cyclosporine A (4 mg/kg/body wt.), azathioprine (1 mg/kg/body wt.) and prednisolone (0.2 mg/kg/body wt.). Allograft rejection was monitored by Echo–Doppler studies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and measurement of the CD4/CD8 ratio in peripheral blood by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS scan). An episode of acute rejection was treated and controlled on the ninth day with anti‐thymocytic globulin (ATG). The transplanted uterus responded well to combined estrogen–progesterone therapy, with endometrial proliferation up to 18 mm. The patient had two episodes of withdrawal bleeding upon cessation of the hormonal therapy. Unfortunately, she developed acute vascular thrombosis 99 days after transplantation, and hysterectomy was necessary. Macro‐ and microscopic histopathological examination revealed acute thrombosis in the vessels of the uterine body, with resulting infarction. Both fallopian tubes remained viable, however, with no evidence of rejection. The acute vascular occlusion appeared to be caused by inadequate uterine structure support, which led to probable tension, torsion, or kinking of the connected vascular uterine grafts.
Print versus electronic surveys: a comparison of two data collection methodologies
Authors: Boyer Kenneth K. , Olson John R. , Calantone Roger J. , Jackson Eric C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper compares the responses of consumers who submitted answers to a survey instrument focusing on Internet purchasing patterns both electronically and using traditional paper response methods. We present the results of a controlled experiment within a larger data collection effort. The same survey instrument was completed by 416 Internet customers of a major office supplies company, with approximately 60% receiving the survey in paper form and 40% receiving the electronic version. In order to evaluate the efficacy of electronic surveys relative to traditional, printed surveys we conduct two levels of analysis. On a macro‐level, we compare the two groups for similarity in terms of fairly aggregate, coarse data characteristics such as response rates, proportion of missing data, scale means and inter‐item reliability. On a more fine‐grained, micro‐level, we compare the two groups for aspects of data integrity such as the presence of data runs and measurement errors. This deeper, finer‐grained analysis allows an examination of the potential benefits and flaws of electronic data collection.Our findings suggest that electronic surveys are generally comparable to print surveys in most respects, but that there are a few key advantages and challenges that researchers should evaluate. Notably, our sample indicates that electronic surveys have fewer missing responses and can be coded/presented in a more flexible manner (namely, contingent coding with different respondents receiving different questions depending on the response to earlier questions) that offers researchers new capabilities.
Unveiling the structure of supply networks: case studies in Honda, Acura, and DaimlerChrysler
Authors: Choi Thomas Y , Hong Yunsook 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree complete supply networks have been mapped in this study. These supply networks pertain to the center console assembly and come from three different product lines—Honda Accord, Acura CL/TL, and DaimlerChrysler (DCX) Grand Cherokee. Based on these three cases of supply networks, propositions are built concerning how the structure of supply networks operates. Based on the extant literature, we frame structure in three dimensions—formalization, centralization, and complexity. As an underlying methodology, we first conduct the within‐case analysis and then expand the analysis to cross‐case context. The three structural dimensions affect one another progressively, and the cost consideration appears to be the overarching force that shapes the supply‐network structure.
Grappling with a gusher! Manufacturing’s response to business success in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Corbett L.M , Campbell‐Hunt C 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examined how the operations in six New Zealand manufacturers responded to the turbulence in their business environment brought on by the success of their products. It was carried out in response to various calls in the business and operations strategies literature for more studies on how companies create configurations of capabilities that lead to competitive advantage, how these literature can be better integrated, and on internal fit within manufacturing. Case research and historiographic methods were used to record the competitive evolution of these firms. The study used semi‐structured interviews with Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and operations managers, analysis of company and public records and a manufacturing practices survey instrument. We suggest that when small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are faced with sudden and dramatic success from an innovation, they need to focus the company’s energy and resources on that product and its niche. Then, in terms of manufacturing strategy, the key attribute to develop is an operation that can produce short runs at little or no cost penalty, achieve requisite product variety, provide short manufacturing throughput times, and operate at high levels of quality and delivery dependability. We find that an approach that develops manufacturing capabilities that are related to market requirements is preferred to panacea‐based approaches. Also, we see no common pattern in manufacturing capability development.
Integration of engineered cartilage
Authors: Obradovic B. , Martin I. , Padera R. F. , Treppo S. , Freed L. E. , Vunjak‐Navakovic G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe structure and function of cartilaginous constructs, engineered in vitro using bovine articular chondrocytes, biodegradable scaffolds and bioreactors, can be modulated by the conditions and duration of tissue cultivation. We hypothesized that the integrative properties of engineered cartilage depend on developmental stage of the construct and the extracellular matrix content of adjacent cartilage, and that some aspects of integration can be studied under controlled in vitro conditions. Disc‐shaped constructs (cultured for 5±1 days or 5±1 weeks) or explants (untreated or trypsin treated cartilage) were sutured into ring‐shaped explants (untreated or trypsin treated cartilage) to form composites that were cultured for an additional 1‐8 weeks in bioreactors and evaluated biochemically, histologically and mechanically (compressive stiffness of the central disk, adhesive strength of the integration interface). Immature constructs had poorer mechanical properties but integrated better than either more mature constructs or cartilage explants. Integration of immature constructs involved cell proliferation and the progressive formation of cartilaginous tissue, in contrast to the integration of more mature constructs or native cartilage which involved only the secretion of extracellular matrix components. Integration patterns correlated with the adhesive strength of the disc‐ring interface, which was markedly higher for immature constructs than for either more mature constructs or cartilage explants. Trypsin treatment of the adjacent cartilage further enhanced the integration of immature constructs. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Shape and size of isolated bone mineralites measured using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Eppell Steven J. , Tong Weidong , Katz J. Lawrence , Kuhn Liisa , Glimcher Melvin J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe inorganic phase of bone is comprised primarily of very small mineralites. The size and shape of these mineralites play fundamental roles in maintaining ionic homeostasis and in the biomechanical function of bone. Using atomic force microscopy, we have obtained direct three‐dimensional visual evidence of the size and shape of native protein‐free mineralites isolated from mature bovine bone. Approximately 98% of the mineralites are less than 2 nm thick displaying a plate‐like habit. Distributions of both thickness and width show single peaks. The distribution of lengths may be multimodal with distinct peaks separated by ∼6 nm. Application of our results is expected to be of use in the design of novel orthopaedic biomaterials. In addition, they provide more accurate inputs to molecular‐scale models aimed at predicting the physiological and mechanical behavior of bone. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Three‐dimensional analysis of shoulder girdle and supraspinatus motion patterns in patients with impingement syndrome
Authors: Graichen H. , Stammberger T. , Bonél H. , Wiedemann E. , Englmeier K‐H. , Reiser M. , Eckstein F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlterations of the shoulder girdle motion have been suggested to be associated with shoulder disorders. The objective of this study was to perform a three‐dimensional (3D) motion analysis of the supraspinatus muscle and shoulder girdle in patients with different stages of impingement syndrome. 20 patients with unilateral impingement and 14 normal controls were investigated at 30°, 90°, and 120° of abduction with and without abducting muscle activity. The spatial relationship between the shoulder girdle elements and the supraspinatus was quantified from open MRI data. No significant alterations in glenoid rotation were observed between the patients and asymptomatic volunteers. However, while in the healthy volunteers the values showed a normal distribution (28.5 ± 3.6° at 90° abduction with muscle activity), the patients (30.5° ± 9.7°) contained a subset of five individuals with an obvious increase in glenoid rotation angle (>40°) compared with controls (>2.5 standard deviations higher than the mean) and with the healthy contralateral side. These five patients also displayed alterations in the scapulo‐humeral rhythm and supraspinatus motion, but not in clavicular position. The study shows that only a specific subset of patients with impingement syndrome demonstrates complex changes in shoulder girdle and supraspinatus motion patterns, suggesting that this subset may benefit from an alternative type of treatment. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Early cell adhesion events differ between osteoporotic and non‐osteoporotic osteoblasts
Authors: Perinpanayagam H. , Zaharias R. , Stanford C. , Brand R. , Keller J. , Schneider G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn osteoporosis, the regenerative capacity of bone is compromised, which may involve altered osteoblast (OB) activity. This could be attributed to an inappropriate synthesis and assembly of an extracellular matrix (ECM), altered cell adhesion to the ECM, or be due to inappropriate downstream activation of adhesion‐mediated signaling cascades through proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The purpose of our study was to compare early adhesion‐mediated events using previously described and characterized clinically derived OBs obtained from human patients undergoing major joint arthroplasty for osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. The presence or absence of osteoporosis was established with a radiographic index. Using light microscopy and crystal violet staining, we show that OB cells derived from sites of osteoporosis do not attach and spread as well as non‐osteoporotic (OP) OB cells. OP cells initially have a more rounded morphology, and show significantly less (P < 0.001) attachment to serum‐coated tissue culture plastic over a 24 h time period. Immunofluorescent labeling after 24 h of attachment showed that OP OB focal adhesions (FAs) and stress fibers were less defined, and that the OP cells were smaller and had a more motile phenotype. When normalized protein lysates were Western blotted for phosphotyrosine (PY) a band corresponding to pp125FAK was identified. FAK tyrosine phosphorylation was evident at 6 h in both the OP and non‐OP OBs, but decreased or was absent through 24 h in OP OBs. These results suggest early adhesion‐mediated events, such as cell adhesion, attachment, and FAK signaling via PY may be altered in OP OBs. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The gastrocnemius muscle is an antagonist of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Fleming Braden C. , Renstrom Per A. , Ohlen Goran , Johnson Robert J. , Peura Glenn D. , Beynnon Bruce D. , Badger Gary J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the proximal tendon of the gastrocnemius muscle wraps around the posterior aspect of the tibia, its contraction could potentially strain the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by pushing the tibia anteriorly. However, the relationship between contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle and ACL strain has not been studied in vivo. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ACL strain response due to isolated contractions of the gastrocnemius muscle and to determine how these strains are affected by co‐contraction with the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles. Six subjects with normal ACLs participated in the study: they underwent spinal anesthesia to ensure that their leg musculature was relaxed. Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (TEMS) was used to induce contractions of the gastrocnemius, quadriceps and hamstrings muscles while the strains in the anteromedial bundle of the ACL were measured using a differential variable reluctance transducer. The ACL strain values produced by contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle were dependent on the magnitude of the ankle torque and knee flexion angle. Strains of 2.8% and 3.5% were produced at 5° and 15° of knee flexion, respectively. The ACL was not strained at 30° and 45°. Changes in ankle angle did not significantly affect these strain values. Co‐contraction of the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles produced ACL strain values that were greater than those produced by isolated activation of either muscle group when the knee was at 15° and 30°. Co‐contraction of the gastrocnemius and hamstrings muscles produced strains that were higher than those produced by the isolated contraction of the hamstrings muscles. At 15° and 30° of knee flexion, the co‐contraction strain values were less than those produced by stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle alone. This study verified that the gastrocnemius muscle is an antagonist of the ACL. Since the gastrocnemius is a flexor of the knee, this finding may have important clinical ramifications in ACL rehabilitation since flexor torques are generally thought to be protective of a healing ACL graft. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of quadriceps strength and voluntary activation after unicompartmental arthroplasty for medial osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Machner Andreas , Pap Géza , Awiszus Friedemann 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntroduction: In early and moderate stages of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, arthrogenous muscle inhibition (AMI) is an important factor for the initiation and the progression of the disease. Although AMI has been shown to be reduced after physiotherapeutical exercises resulting in significant improvements in disability, implantation of unicondylar knee arthroplasties is much provided in these stages of OA. Therefore, in the present study we investigate changes in quadriceps muscle after implantation of such prostheses as compared to physiotherapeutical treatment, alone.Methods: In eighteen patients with bilateral moderate knee OA, who were treated with unicondylar knee arthroplasty we investigated voluntary activation (VA) and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris muscle. There were 7 males and 11 females, the mean age at time of operation was 67 years (range 58–76 years). Measurements on both sides were performed preoperatively and 18 months postoperatively using the twitch‐interpolation technique.Results: Follow‐up assessment revealed a significant VA and MVC increase in both the surgically treated knees and in the contralateral knees treated by physiotherapy alone. However, VA and MVC improvements were significantly higher in the operated on knees than in those treated by physiotherapy alone.Discussion: Both physiotherapeutical exercise and unicondylar knee replacements lead to an improvement of quadriceps motor function in knee OA. The greater improvement in knees with both knee replacement and physiotherapy might be related to the intraoperative removal of arthritic tissue in these knees. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.