bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Investigation of Novel, Controlled Low‐Temperature Sintering Processes for Inkjet Printed Silver Nanoparticle Ink
Authors: Chen Zehua , Gengenbach Ulrich , Koker Liane , Huang Liyu , Mach Tim P. , Reichert Klaus‐Martin , Thelen Richard , Ungerer Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFunctional inks enable manufacturing of flexible electronic devices by means of printing technology. Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) ink is widely used for printing conductive components. A sintering process is required to obtain sufficient conductivity. Thermal sintering is the most commonly used method, but the heat must be carefully applied to avoid damaging low‐temperature substrates such as polymer films. In this work, two alternative sintering methods, damp heat sintering and water sintering are systematically investigated for inkjet‐printed Ag tracks on polymer substrates. Both methods allow sintering polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) capped Ag NPs at 85°C. In this way, the resistance is significantly reduced to only 1.7 times that of the samples on polyimide sintered in an oven at 250°C. The microstructure of sintered Ag NPs is analyzed. Taking the states of the capping layer under different conditions into account, the explanation of the sintering mechanism of Ag NPs at low temperatures is presented. Overall, both damp heat sintering and water sintering are viable options for achieving high conductivity of printed Ag tracks. They can broaden the range of substrates available for flexible electronic device fabrication while mitigating substrate damage risks. The choice between them depends on the specific application and the substrate used.
Encapsulation of Uranium Oxide in Multiwall WS2 Nanotubes
Authors: Kundrat Vojtech , Cohen Hagai , Kossoy Anna , Bonani Walter , Houben Lothar , Zalesak Jakub , Wu Bing , Sofer Zdenek , Popa Karin , Tenne Reshef 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUranium is a high‐value energy element, yet also poses an appreciable environmental burden. The demand for a straightforward, low energy, and environmentally friendly method for encapsulating uranium species can be beneficial for long‐term storage of spent uranium fuel and a host of other applications. Leveraging on the low melting point (60 °C) of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate and nanocapillary effect, a uranium compound is entrapped in the hollow core of WS2 nanotubes. Followingly, the product is reduced at elevated temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere. Nanocrystalline UO2 nanoparticles anchor within the WS2 nanotube lumen are obtained through this procedure. Such methodology can find utilization in the processing of spent nuclear fuel or other highly active radionuclides as well as a fuel for deep space missions. Moreover, the low melting temperatures of different heavy metal‐nitrate hydrates, pave the way for their encapsulation within the hollow core of the WS2 nanotubes, as demonstrated herein.
Hierarchically Micro‐ and Mesoporous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Through Selective Ligand Removal
Authors: Huang Zheao , Rath Jakob , Zhou Qiancheng , Cherevan Alexey , Naghdi Shaghayegh , Eder Dominik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA new method to engineer hierarchically porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) through selective ligand removal (SeLiRe) is presented. This innovative approach involves crafting mixed‐ligand ZIFs (ML‐ZIFs) with varying proportions of 2‐aminobenzimidazole (NH2‐bIm) and 2‐methylimidazole (2‐mIm), followed by controlled thermal treatments. This process creates a dual‐pore system, incorporating both micropores and additional mesopores, suggesting selective cleavage of metal‐ligand coordination bonds. Achieving this delicate balance requires adjustment of heating conditions for each mixed‐ligand ratio, enabling the targeted removal of NH2‐bIm from a variety of ML‐ZIFs while preserving their inherent microporous framework. Furthermore, the distribution of the initial thermolabile ligand plays a pivotal role in determining the resulting mesopore architecture. The efficacy of this methodology is aptly demonstrated through the assessment of hierarchically porous ZIFs for their potential in adsorbing diverse organic dyes in aqueous environments. Particularly striking is the performance of the 10%NH2‐ZIF‐2 h, which showcases an astonishing 40‐fold increase in methylene blue adsorption capacity compared to ZIF‐8, attributed to larger pore volumes that accelerate the diffusion of dye molecules to adsorption sites. This versatile technique opens new avenues for designing micro/mesoporous ZIFs, particularly suited for liquid media scenarios necessitating efficient active site access and optimal diffusion kinetics, such as purification, catalysis, and sensing.
Unraveling the Synergistic Mechanism of Boosted Photocatalytic H2O2 Production over Cyano‐g‐C3N4/In2S3/Ppy Heterostructure and Enhanced Photocatalysis‐Self‐Fenton Degradation Performance
Authors: Li Rujin , Ba Kaikai , Zhang Dan , Shi Yan , Li Chunxiang , Yu Yanling , Yang Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, cyano contained g‐C3N4 comodified by In2S3 and polypyrrole (C≡N─CN/IS/Ppy) materials are synthesized for the photocatalytic production of H2O2 and photocatalysis‐self‐Fenton reaction for highly efficient degradation of metronidazole. The results from UV–vis spectrophotometry, surface photovoltage, and Kelvin probe measurements reveal the promoted transport and separation efficiency of photoinduced charges after the introduction of In2S3 and Ppy in the heterojunction. The existence of a built‐in electric field accelerates the photoinduced charge separation and preserves the stronger oxidation ability of holes at the valence band of C≡N─CN. Linear sweep voltammetry measurements, zeta potential analyzations, nitroblue tetrazolium determination, and other measurements show that Ppy improves the conversion ratio of •O2− to H2O2 and the utilization ratio of •O2−, as well as suppresses decomposition of H2O2. Accordingly, the H2O2 evolution rate produced via a two‐step single‐electron reduction reaction reaches almost 895 µmol L−1 h−1, a value 80% and 7.2‐fold higher than those obtained with C≡N─CN/IS and C≡N─CN, respectively. The metronidazole removal rate obtained via photocatalysis‐self‐Fenton reaction attains 83.7% within 120 minutes, a value much higher than that recorded by the traditional Fenton method. Overall, the proposed synthesis materials and route look promising for the H2O2 production and organic pollutants degradation.
Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF)‐Based Clean Energy Conversion: Recent Advances in Unlocking its Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Duan Jingjing , Chen Sheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarbon neutrality is an important goal for humanity . As an eco‐friendly technology, electrocatalytic clean energy conversion technology has emerged in the 21st century. Currently, metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based electrocatalysis, including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), are the mainstream energy catalytic reactions, which are driven by electrocatalysis. In this paper, the current advanced characterizations for the analyses of MOF‐based electrocatalytic energy reactions have been described in details, such as density function theory (DFT), machine learning, operando/in situ characterization, which provide in‐depth analyses of the reaction mechanisms related to the above reactions reported in the past years. The practical applications that have been developed for some of the responses that are of application values, such as fuel cells, metal‐air batteries, and water splitting have also been demonstrated. This paper aims to maximize the potential of MOF‐based electrocatalysts in the field of energy catalysis, and to shed light on the development of current intense energy situations.
MetaLiDAR: Automated metamorphic testing of LiDAR‐based autonomous driving systems
Authors: Yang Zhen , Huang Song , Zheng Changyou , Wang Xingya , Wang Yang , Xia Chunyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent advances in artificial intelligence technology and perception components have promoted the rapid development of autonomous vehicles. However, as safety‐critical software, autonomous driving systems often make wrong judgments, seriously threatening human and property safety. LiDAR is one of the most critical sensors in autonomous vehicles, capable of accurately perceiving the three‐dimensional information of the environment. Nevertheless, the high cost of manually collecting and labeling point cloud data leads to a dearth of testing methods for LiDAR‐based perception modules. To bridge the critical gap, we introduce MetaLiDAR, a novel automated metamorphic testing methodology for LiDAR‐based autonomous driving systems. First, we propose three object‐level metamorphic relations for the domain characteristics of autonomous driving systems. Next, we design three transformation modules so that MetaLiDAR can generate natural‐looking follow‐up point clouds. Finally, we define corresponding evaluation metrics based on metamorphic relations. MetaLiDAR automatically determines whether source and follow‐up test cases meet the metamorphic relations based on the evaluation metrics. Our empirical research on five state‐of‐the‐art LiDAR‐based object detection models shows that MetaLiDAR can not only generate natural‐looking test point clouds to detect 181,547 inconsistent behaviors of different models but also significantly enhance the robustness of models by retraining with synthetic point clouds.
Operando Investigation of Silicon Anodes During Electrochemical Cycling in Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Hapuarachchi Sashini N. S. , Jones Michael W. M. , Wasalathilake Kimal C. , Marriam Ifra , Nerkar Jawahar Y. , Kirby Nigel , Siriwardena Dumindu P. , Fernando Joseph F.S. , Golberg Dmitri V. , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Zheng Jun‐chao , Yan Cheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSilicon (Si) is recognized as a promising anode material for next‐generation anodes due to its high capacity. However, large volume expansion and active particle pulverization during cycling rapidly deteriorate the battery performance. The relationship between Si anode particle size and particle pulverization, and the structure evolution of Si particles during cycling is not well understood. In this study, a quantitative, time‐resolved “operando” small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) investigation into the morphological change of unwrapped and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wrapped Si nanoparticles (Si@rGO) is conducted with respect to the operating voltage. The results provide a clear picture of Si particle size change and the role of nonrigid rGO in mitigating Si volume expansion and pulverization. Further, this study demonstrates the advantage of “operando” SAXS in electrochemical environments as compared to other approaches.
“This Is Your Safe Space”: The Intersections of Rurality, Ethnicity, andLGBTQIA+ Language Educator Identity in the Southeastern U.S.
Authors: Coda James , Moser Kelly M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the contexts of the Southeastern U.S. and globally, the ascendance of parental rights bills has sought to limit what can be discussed in the classroom related to gender and sexuality as well as limiting access to healthcare for transgender, gender non‐conforming, and non‐binary individuals (HRC, 2023). In language education, scholastic and pedagogical pursuits related to the lived experiences of LGBTQIA+ students in classrooms and educators have emphasized consideration of the interconnectedness between language teachers' identities, pedagogical decisions, and place (Coda, 2021; Fogle & Moser, 2017). In rural spaces, language educators can experience increased emotional labor and marginalization (Acheson et al., 2016; Moser & Wei, 2021); however, there is limited attention to rural LGBTQIA+ language educators in contexts such as the Southeastern U.S. Drawing from a larger mixed methods study of LGBTQIA+ rural language educators in the Southeastern U.S., this study centers on one focal participant, Mariana, a cisgender, pansexual ESL educator. Utilizing Butler's (1990) theory of gender performativity and Crenshaw's (1989) intersectionality, findings draw attention to the intersections between Mariana's gender and sexual identities, rurality, and ethnicity, highlighting the tensions and contradictions related to identity performance, pedagogy decisions, and allyship efforts.
Can we simultaneously decontaminate and cultivate? An urban cherry tomato story
Authors: Viau Marie‐Anne , Paul Adrian L. D. , Labrecque Michel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrban planners are increasingly focused on integrating urban farming as a creative strategy for producing sustainable, local food in underutilized spaces, once occupied by polluting industries, in peri‐urban areas. However, before urban farming's contribution to local self‐sufficiency can be determined, it is crucial to gather quantitative data on the effectiveness of tailored strategies, including polyculture, and the suitability of different vegetables, to adequately assess the value of brownfields. This study aims to provide quantitative agronomic data on a copper‐contaminated urban garden with the dual objective of assessing its capacity for food production and mitigating the spread of soil contamination. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were grown for one growing season in brownfield soils with different copper concentrations (up to 2000 mg kg−1), accompanied by different plant species assemblages typically used in phytoremediation (Achillea millefolium, Salix discolor, and Trifolium repens). The most successful assemblage yielded over 800 fruits per square meter with low copper concentrations (<5 mg kg−1), indicating that one square meter could satisfy the annual fresh tomato weight requirement of an average individual. Although some amendments can improve adaptability to local soils, the highest fruit‐producing assemblage consisting of S. lycopersicum, S. discolor, and T. repens also proved to be the one of the most effective for copper phytoextraction, removing over 30 g ha−1 from the contaminated soils. Overall, the data indicated that all assemblages phytostabilized copper. The quantitative results of this study provide a valuable benchmark for urban planners and researchers to implement large‐scale urban agriculture on brownfield sites.
Enhanced lactate accumulation upregulates PD‐L1 expression to delay neutrophil apoptosis in sepsis
Authors: Fei Miaomiao , Zhang Hui , Meng Fanbing , An Guanghui , Tang Jinxuan , Tong Jianbin , Xiong Lize , Liu Qidong , Li Cheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMalfunction of neutrophil apoptosis and elevated serum lactate levels are the key cellular mechanism of immune suppressive status in septic patients. However, whether increased lactate affects apoptosis of neutrophils and aggravates sepsis development, and the molecular mechanism remain unknown. In this study, first, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of blood cells in sepsis patients (n = 39) and healthy volunteers (n = 40) to reveal that there is close correlation between the lactate‐related gene expression changes associated with lactate production and immune function in leukocytes, especially in neutrophils. Further, we explored the close relationship between lactate and delayed neutrophil apoptosis in human neutrophils. Programmed cell death 1 legand (PD‐L1) was highly expressed in septic patients compared with healthy volunteers. Then, we indicated that elevated levels of lactate in human neutrophils decreased neutrophil apoptosis (P < .001) by upregulating PD‐L1 expression. Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) significantly attenuated neutrophil apoptosis caused by lactate (P < .001). We further performed in vivo experiments in sepsis mice model and determined that increased lactate decreased neutrophil apoptosis (P < .05) and reduces mice survival rate (P < .001), which could also be rescued by MCT1 inhibitor (P < .05). This study revealed that elevated level of lactate in sepsis upregulates PD‐L1 expression to decrease apoptosis through MCT1 in neutrophils, which provides new insight into sepsis treatment strategy by reducing lactate accumulation.
On the rise: Development of a multi‐tiered, indoor duckweed cultivation system
Authors: Coughlan Neil E. , Maguire Daniel , Oommen Abin Abraham , Redmond Cian , O'Mahoney Rachel , Walsh Éamonn , Kühnhold Holger , Byrne Edmond P. , Kavousi Fatemeh , Morrison Alan P. , Jansen Marcel A. K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuckweed species (Lemnaceae) are suitable for remediation and valorization of agri‐feed industry wastewaters and therefore can contribute to a more sustainable, circular economy where waste is a resource. Industrial applications will, however, require space efficient cultivation methods that are not affected by prevailing weather conditions. Here, the development and operation of a multi‐tiered duckweed bioreactor is described. The developed prototype bioreactor depicted in this paper is composed of four cultivation layers (1 m2 each) with integrated LED lighting (generating up to 150 μmol m−2 s−1), a system of pumps and valves to manage the recirculatory flow (2.5 L min−1) of wastewater, and an automatic harvesting system. Using a nutrient poor medium, good growth of the duckweed species Lemna minor was achieved in the bioreactor, and this was matched by strong nutrient depletion from the medium, especially for phosphorus (45‐mg total phosphorus [TP] removed per m−2 day−1). A fully automatic harvesting arm reliably captured similar amounts of duckweed biomass across multiple harvesting cycles, revealing a future scenario whereby labor and interventions by human operators are minimized. Further developments to advance the system towards fully automated operation will include, for example, the use of specific nutrient sensors to monitor and control medium composition. It is envisaged that multi‐tiered, indoor bioreactors can be employed in the agri‐feed industry where wastewaters are, in many cases, continuously generated throughout the year and need remediating immediately to avoid costly storage. Given the extensive use of automation technology in conventional wastewater treatment plants, multi‐tiered duckweed bioreactors can be realistically integrated within the operating environment of such treatment plants.Practitioner Points
Duckweed is suitable for remediation and valorization of agri‐feed wastewater.
Industrial duckweed applications require space efficient cultivation methods.
Development and operation of a multi‐tiered duckweed bioreactor is detailed.
Flow dynamics and automatic harvesting in the bioreactor are optimized.
It is concluded that a multi‐tiered bioreactor can be used in industry.
Conclusions
Authors: Eleonorasdotter Emma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe women who were interviewed for this book have shown that the use of drugs can be very different from stereotypical representations. Many accounts of the women’s gendered use of drugs are, for example, remarkably calm; their adventures involving drug use take place internally and can be pursued in relation to, rather than deviating from, the surrounding society. I argue that the findings of variety and the women’s thought-provoking motives and considerations regarding drug use, which have been discussed throughout this book, highlight the discrepancy between drug use as a seemingly fixed and delimited problem, and the multitude of meanings and uses that it can actually have. This book calls for an intersectional revision of what drug use is, and how problems regarding drugs should be tackled, that takes social, material and cultural conditions into account. The world is not drug-free, and the changes of perspective in drug use, as well as the risks, depend upon the point in the world where that drug use takes place.
Behaving with Children
Authors: Eleonorasdotter Emma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn many ways, children were perceived by the women as the symbolic counterparts of drugs. This also makes drug-affected bodies the symbolic counterparts of children. In this chapter, I explore this charged relationship between women who use drugs and children, who are traditionally women’s responsibility to look after. The women describe various strategies for taking responsibility, for both symbolic and real-life children. This is achieved through various and opposing strategies; through the use of drugs, through spatial separation between children and drugs, through talking to children about drugs or through telling them as little as possible.
Negotiating Addiction
Authors: Eleonorasdotter Emma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the meanings of addiction from a phenomenological perspective, using Sara Ahmed’s concept of lines in relation to the makings of class. How can the relationship between fear of addiction and the desire to use certain drugs but not others be understood? The women’s experiences of pleasure as crucial to the development of addiction are explored, as well as the relationship between addiction and middle-class ideals of self-actualisation and development.