bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeling Companionship: Hansen's Disease and Moral Authority in Japanese Shin Buddhism
Authors: Starling Jessica 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThis article draws on ethnographic fieldwork among Japanese Shin Buddhists who have an enduring commitment to volunteering with Hansen's disease patients in Japan and its former colonies. I trace the negotiation of emotions in this Jōdo Shinshū ethical context, identifying the Buddhist, Japanese, and global liberal vocabularies that ascribe moral value to various emotional responses to suffering and injustice. I argue that for these Buddhists, companionship rather than compassion serves as both an ethical ideal and a focal point of emotional practice.
Salivary miR‐150‐5p as an indicator of periodontitis severity and regulator of human periodontal ligament fibroblast behavior by targeting AIFM2
Authors: Huang Jing , Xu Yuejing , Huang Pengcheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the role of miR‐150‐5p in the onset and progression of periodontitis, and reveal the potential molecular mechanism underlying its function and to explore a novel biomarker for periodontitis.BackgroundPeriodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults, emphasizing the need for a biomarker to improve its early detection and prevention. The association of miR‐150‐5p with diseases related to Fuscobacterium nucleatum implies its potential involvement in periodontitis.MethodsThe expression of miR‐150‐5p in the saliva of patients with periodontitis (n = 77) and healthy individuals (n = 43) was assessed by PCR. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were induced with an osteogenic culture medium. The regulatory effect of miR‐150‐5p on the proliferation and migration of HGFs was assessed by CCK8 and transwell assays. Osteogenic differentiation was estimated based on the expression of corresponding factors through western blotting, and the inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines using ELISA.ResultsSignificant upregulation of miR‐150‐5p was observed in patients with periodontitis, which sensitively distinguished them and was closely associated with the severity and periodontal index of the condition. In HGFs, osteogenic induction (OI) resulted in increased miR‐150‐5p levels, which negatively regulated the expression of AIFM2. Silencing miR‐150‐5p significantly attenuated OI‐induced suppression of proliferation and migration of HGFs. The silencing also alleviated inflammation and osteogenic differentiation, which was reversed upon AIFM2 knockdown.ConclusionUpregulated miR‐150‐5p in periodontitis served as a diagnostic biomarker, indicating the occurrence and aggravation of disease condition. Silencing miR‐150‐5p inhibited the osteogenic differentiation and inflammation of HGFs by negatively modulating AIFM2.
Structural and functional multilayer network analysis in restless legs syndrome patients
Authors: Park Kang Min , Kim Keun Tae , Lee Dong Ah. , Motamedi Gholam K. , Cho Yong Won 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe combination of brain structural and functional connectivity offers complementary insights into its organisation. Multilayer network analysis explores various relationships across different layers within a single system. We aimed to investigate changes in the structural and functional multilayer network in 69 patients with primary restless legs syndrome (RLS) compared with 50 healthy controls. Participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) using a three‐tesla MRI scanner. We constructed a structural connectivity matrix derived from DTI using a DSI program and made a functional connectivity matrix based on rs‐fMRI using an SPM program and CONN toolbox. A multilayer network analysis, using BRAPH program, was then conducted to assess the connectivity patterns in both groups. At the global level, significant differences there were between the patients with RLS and healthy controls. The average multiplex participation was lower in patients with RLS than in healthy controls (0.804 vs. 0.821, p = 0.042). Additionally, several regions showed significant differences in the nodal level in multiplex participation between patients with RLS and healthy controls, particularly the frontal and temporal lobes. The regions affected included the inferior frontal gyrus, medial orbital gyrus, precentral gyrus, rectus gyrus, insula, superior and inferior temporal gyrus, medial and lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, and temporal pole. These results represent evidence of diversity in interactions between structural and functional connectivity in patients with RLS, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the brain network in RLS. This may contribute to a precise diagnosis of RLS, and aid the development of a biomarker to track treatment effectiveness.
“Like Little Knives, Stabbing Me”: The Impact of Microaggressions on LGBTQ+ Teens and Their Parents in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints
Authors: Sorrell Sydney A. , Lefevor G. Tyler , Berg Connor O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) teens raised in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints (CJCLDS) experience microaggressions in their religious contexts. Active Latter‐Day Saint parents of LGBTQ+ teens also face microaggressions in their religious environments, despite not holding an LGBTQ+ identity. We examined the impacts of microaggressions and the coping strategies used by 19 dyads of LGBTQ+ teens and their Latter‐Day Saints (LDS) parents to understand how current microaggression and minority stress theories map on to their experiences. Participants described feelings of anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and surprise as well as increases in relationship conflict due to microaggressions. Both parents and teens described religious doubt, disengagement from religion, and feelings of dis‐belonging and disillusionment because of microaggressions. These findings may provide insight into the ways that minority stressors threaten the health and faith of LGBTQ+ teens and their families. Finally, participants reported using a range of coping strategies to buffer against the effects microaggressions, including social support, emotion‐focused, problem‐focused, meaning‐making, and faith‐based approaches to coping. Overall, parents and teens reported similar impacts and ways of coping with microaggressions, demonstrating how minority stress process may be at play on a family‐systems level in the CJCLDS.
Everything, everywhere, but not all at once? Time, contingency and the open future
Authors: Morgan Jamie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe subject of this special forum is contingency and the openness of the future, and in this essay we take a route not often travelled in regard of these and focus first on philosophy of time. We contrast static and dynamic theory of time in order to (eventually) acquire some traction on the meaning of both contingency and the open future. We suggest critical realism presupposes dynamic theory and that critical realism provides various conceptualizations that might contribute to dynamic theory.
Epidemiology of hepatitis D virus infection in Europe: Is it vanishing?
Authors: Demirel Aslıhan , Uraz Suleyman , Deniz Zeynep , Daglilar Ebubekir , Basar Omer , Tahan Veysel , Ozaras Resat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCo‐infection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a challenging health care problem worldwide, estimated to occur in approximately 5%–10% of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. While HBV prevalence is decreasing globally, the prevalence of HDV infection is rising in some parts mainly due to injection drug use, sexual transmission and immigration from high endemicity areas. Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean are among the regions with high rates of endemicity for HDV and the immigration from high endemicity areas to Central and Western Europe has changed the HDV epidemiology. We aimed to review the prevalence of HDV infection in Europe. A paucity of publication appears in many European countries. Prevalence studies from some countries are old dated and some other countries did not report any prevalence studies. The studies are accumulated in few countries. Anti‐HDV prevalence is high in Greenland, Norway, Romania, Sweden and Italy. Belgium, France, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom reported decreasing prevalences. Among cirrhotic HBV patients, Germany, Italy and Turkey reported higher rates of HDV. The studies including centres across the Europe reported that HIV‐HBV coinfected individuals have higher prevalence of HDV infection. The immigrants contribute the HDV infection burden in Greece, Italy, and Spain in an increasing rate. Previous studies revealed extremely high rates of HDV infection in Germany, Greece, Italy and Sweden. The studies report a remarkably high prevalence of hepatitis delta among HIV/HBV‐coinfected individuals, individuals who inject drugs, immigrants and severe HBV infected patients across Europe. The HDV infection burden still appears to be significant. In the lack of an effective HDV therapy, prevention strategies and active screening of HBV/HDV appear as the most critical interventions for reducing the burden of liver disease related to HDV infection in Europe.
Nondestructive determination of the physical properties of Antarctic meteorites: Importance for the meteorite—parent body connection
Authors: Harvey T. A. , MacArthur J. L. , Joy K. H. , Sykes D. , Almeida N. V. , Jones R. H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotogrammetry is a low‐cost, nondestructive approach for producing 3‐D models of meteorites for the purpose of determining sample bulk density. Coupled with the use of a nondestructive magnetic susceptibility/electrical conductivity field probe, we present measurements for the interrogation of several physical properties, on a set of Antarctic meteorites. Photogrammetry is an effective technique over a range of sample sizes, with meteorite bulk density results that are closely comparable with literature values, determined using Archimedean glass bead or laser scanning techniques. The technique is completely noncontaminating and suitable for the analysis of rare or fragile samples, although there are limitations for analyzing reflective samples. It is also flexible, and, with variations in equipment setup, may be appropriate for samples of a wide range of sizes. X‐ray computed tomography analyses of the same meteorite samples yielded slightly different bulk density results, predominantly for samples below 10 g, although the reason for this is unclear. Such analyses are expensive and potentially damaging to certain features of the sample (e.g., organic compounds), but may be useful in expanding the measurements to accommodate an understanding of internal voids within the sample, lending itself to measurement of grain density. Measurements of bulk density are valuable for comparisons with estimates of the bulk densities of asteroids that are suggested as meteorite parent bodies.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inhibit necrotrophic, but not biotrophic, aboveground plant pathogens: a meta‐analysis and experimental study
Authors: Liu Mu , Wang Hongqian , Lin Ziyuan , Ke Junsheng , Zhang Peng , Zhang Feng , Ru Dafu , Zhang Li , Xiao Yao , Liu Xiang 
Published: November 2023

Summary

Microbial mutualists can profoundly modify host species ecology and evolution, by extension altering interactions with other microbial species, including pathogens. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may moderate infections by pathogens, but the direction and strength of these effects can be idiosyncratic.

To assess how the introduction of AMF impacts the incidence and severity of aboveground plant diseases (i.e. ‘disease impact’), we conducted a meta‐analysis of 130 comparisons derived from 69 published studies. To elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the influence of AMF on pathogens, we conducted three glasshouse experiments involving six non‐woody plant species, yielded crucial data on leaf nutrient composition, plant defense compounds, and transcriptomes.

Our meta‐analysis revealed that the inoculation of AMF lead to a reduction in disease impact. More precisely, AMF inoculation was associated with a decrease in necrotrophic diseases, while no significant impact on biotrophic diseases. Chemical and transcriptome analyses suggested that these effects may be driven by AMF regulation of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways in glasshouse experiments. However, changes in plant nutritional status and secondary chemicals may also regulate disease impact.

These results emphasize the importance of incorporating pathogen life history when predicting how microbial mutualisms affect disease impact.
The role of liver transplantation in COACH syndrome (Joubert syndrome with congenital hepatic fibrosis): A review of the literature
Authors: Chen Lijian , Uchida Hajime , Komine Ryuji , Kodama Tasuku , Nakao Toshimasa , Okada Noriki , Yanagi Yusuke , Shimizu Seiichi , Abbas Syed , Fukuda Akinari , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOACH syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by liver fibrosis, which leads to severe complications related to portal hypertension. However, only a few patients with COACH syndrome undergoing liver transplantation (LT) have been reported.Materials and MethodsWe herein report the outcomes of four children who underwent LT for COACH syndrome at our institute and review three previously reported cases to elucidate the role of LT in COACH syndrome.ResultsAll four patients in our institute were female, and three received living donors LT. All patients were diagnosed with COACH syndrome by genetic testing. LT was performed in these patients at 3, 7, 9, and 14 years old. The indication for LT was varices related to portal hypertension in all patients. One showed an intrapulmonary shunt. Blood tests revealed renal impairment due to nephronophthisis in three patients, and one developed renal insufficiency after LT. The liver function was maintained in all patients. A literature review revealed detailed information for three more patients. The indication for LT in these three cases was portal hypertension, such as bleeding from esophageal varices. One patient had chronic renal failure on hemodialysis at LT and underwent combined liver and kidney transplantation. Of these three previous patients, one died from hepatic failure due to de novo HCV infection 3 years after LT.ConclusionsLT should be considered an effective treatment for COACH syndrome in patients with severe portal hypertension. However, a detailed follow‐up of the renal function is necessary.
Deformities in fish: A barrier for responsible aquaculture and sustainable fisheries
Authors: Chandra Gyan , Saini V. P. , Kumar Shailesh , Fopp‐Bayat Dorota 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFish deformities are detrimental to aquaculture and conservation initiatives; it is also an ethical problem and causes substantial financial losses to the aquaculture industry. The exact mechanism of deformities is still a mystery. Several factors cause deformities in fish; it seems that the deformations are inevitable but can be minimised by adopting good aquaculture practices such as proper broodstock husbandry, standard breeding and larval rearing protocol, management of water quality parameters, and providing nutritionally balanced feed, especially to the broodstock and developing larvae. In addition, it can be minimised by early detection of deformities, especially at the embryonic and larval stages. Monitoring of stocking materials should be an essential part of responsible aquaculture and conservation programmes; stocking materials should be free from any types of deformities as it affects not only aquaculture production, profitability and success of conservation programmes but also the reoccurrence of deformities in nature. The mechanism behind deformities and the development of low‐cost, robust methods/tools for detecting deformities in fish remain a challenge. Still, the opportunity exists to develop a robust marker that can predict deformities even at early embryonic and larval stages.
Communicating scientific uncertainty in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A message experiment
Authors: Adams Dallin R. , Ratcliff Chelsea L. , Pokharel Manusheela , Jensen Jakob D. , Liao Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared COVID‐19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It was a time of significant uncertainty as experts were not yet certain whether social distancing behaviors were necessary to slow the spread of the virus. Some public communicators opted to acknowledge uncertainty based on the limited evidence, whereas others downplayed uncertainty. This situation provided researchers with an opportunity to advance theory by explicating and testing cognitive responses to message uncertainty. Immediately following the WHO declaration (March 13–19, 2020), U.S. adults (N = 1186) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions in a 2 (message uncertainty: low, high) × 3 (argument support: expert, threat, precedent) between‐participants experiment. Overall, perceived uncertainty negatively mediated the impact of message uncertainty on intentions. However, participant education was a key moderator. For those with more than a high school education, uncertain messages were related to higher intentions to social distance through increased critical reflection. For those with a high school education or less, uncertain messages were related to lower intentions through decreased message credibility.
The implications of oral health education interventions in providing oral hygiene care for individuals with visual impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Khan Afsary Jahan , Ahmad Mas Suryalis , Sabri Budi Aslinie Md 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with visual impairment (VI) are doubly disadvantaged by their lack of vision and poor oral hygiene (OH). Implementing oral health education (OHE) interventions should be set as goals to improve OH status and prevent oral diseases. However, few studies have examined the specific teaching method of OH skills. This study aimed to identify the most influential OHE interventions enabling individuals with VI worldwide, especially those in countries where VI is most frequent, to maintain OH and improve knowledge and practices.MethodsAn extensive literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis method. This study systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed via Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar) using expert‐validated keywords, complemented by manual searches, to identify relevant articles published between April 1, 2012, and September 30, 2022.ResultPICOS criteria were formulated for study inclusion. The bibliographical search identified 1485 articles, which were subsequently filtered. Two researchers separately screened the articles for eligibility and to reduce the risk of bias in the included studies. Finally, the most pertinent 21 articles were scrutinized for data synthesis.ConclusionMost studies identified combination methods, including customized educational demonstrations, as the best at improving OH status, knowledge, and practices. However, long‐term, rigorously designed, and effective patient‐centered communication trials, including those on innovative methods, are still needed for individuals with VI.
Ambiguity in Linguistics1
Authors: Fortuny Jordi , Payrató Lluís 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmbiguity is conventionally defined in Linguistics as a property of a word or an utterance that has two meanings or two interpretations, and is usually classified as lexical, morphological, syntactic (or structural), and pragmatic.Giving an adequate definition of linguistic ambiguity is not trivial, nor is there unanimity in accepting it. Most researchers tend to agree that ambiguity should be distinguished from related concepts such as vagueness, context sensitivity, reference transfer, and underdetermination or generality of meaning. The distinction between these concepts is also related to the divergences or connections between the perspectives of analysis of ambiguity, and the aim of each work.In this introduction, we define the limits of ambiguity with respect to related concepts and summarize the studies contained within this special issue. These studies do not cover all possible approaches to linguistic ambiguity, but provide a broad overview that can be useful in different fields. We trust that they will contribute to deepening into a phenomenon that is not yet well described and that seems to be consubstantial with the use of language.
Biochar modification methods and mechanisms for salt‐affected soil and saline‐alkali soil improvement: A review
Authors: Lin Yuchen , Yu Cailian , Zhang Yuanbo , Lu Liu , Xu Dan , Peng Xianlong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe continuous growth of the world's population has led to an increased demand for food. Biochar (BC) contains valuable functional groups and nutrients, which have been demonstrated to enhance soil properties and boost crop yield. Nonetheless, unmodified BC exhibits significant alkalinity and a large salt concentration; thus, its efficacy in improving saline‐alkali soil remains a matter of contention. Therefore, scholars aim to address the aforementioned limitations by adapting BC. In this paper, a summary is given of the methods used to modify BC and the effects of modified BC on salt‐affected soil and saline‐alkali soil properties, including pH, nutrients and microbial activity. The effects and principles of different modifiers and modification methods on BC's physicochemical properties (porosity and functional group content and type, etc.) were revealed. Furthermore, the principle of soil improvement by modified BC varies depending on the modification method. Although modified BC can effectively enhance salt‐affected soil, its excessive application and improper selection of modifiers can aggravate Na+ toxicity or introduce other pollutants into salt‐affected soil. Therefore, using modified BC with care is imperative according to the actual situation. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction to the methods and principles of BC modification for saline‐alkali soil. Furthermore, we identify the shortcomings and future research directions in this field. These insights are valuable when choosing proper BC modification methods for salt‐affected soil.