bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the Mixing Performance of an Optimized Air Injector
Authors: Xie Jiaqiang , Kuang Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The trim air system is an important system for realizing the temperature control of the flight deck and passenger cabin of commercial aircraft. The trim air duct is designed to bleed the high-temperature air to mix the cold air from the upstream of the refrigeration components in order to satisfy the independent temperature requirements of each area of the flight deck and passenger cabin. If the cold air and hot air mixing situation was poor, downstream temperature sensor layout location there is still a more serious hot and cold air stratification, the measured value is more difficult to reflect the average temperature of the mixed air, thus affecting the accuracy of the air conditioning system temperature regulation. In order to improve the mixing efficiency of the trim hot bleed air and ventilation air, this paper proposes an optimized trim air injector based on typical configuration, then models and calculates two configurations of the trim injector using three-dimensional simulation to obtain the fluid flow and temperature distribution characteristics under different conditions. In this paper, the MAX temperature difference, the Surface standard deviation of temperature, the Surface uniformity of temperature and other parameters are also utilized to model and calculate the air flow and temperature distribution characteristics of the two configurations of the trim injector. The mixing effects of the two trim injectors were analyzed and evaluated. The results show that, after optimization, the radial high-speed thermal jet can effectively improve the perturbation and mixing between the hot and cold fluids after the hot bleed air passes through the inflow nozzle; compared with the typical configuration, the optimized configuration has a lower maximum temperature difference of about 67% and a lower standard deviation of temperature of 71% in each cross-section. The surface temperature uniformity coefficient of the optimized configuration is closer to 1 in each cross-section, and the temperature stratification effect and mixing effect are better than that of the typical configuration.
Synergistic combination of orally available safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir inhibits enterovirus infections in human cell and organoid cultures
Authors: Ravlo Erlend , Ianevski Aleksandr , Schjølberg Jørn-Ove , Solvang Vanessa , Dumaru Rabina , Lysvand Hilde , Hankinson Jacqueline , Vähä-Koskela Markus , Vainionpää Sanna , Varhe Anni , Seppänen Hanna , Smura Teemu , Wang Xin , Wang Yining , Li Pengfei , Pan Qiuwei , Dahl-Jorgensen Knut , Krogvold Lars , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr , Nilsen Hans-Johnny Schjelderup , Haugen Inger Johanne , Høyer Erling , Afset Jan Egil , Oksenych Valentyn , Galabov Angel S. , Stoyanova Adelina , Lam Vivian , van Loon Barbara , Lulla Valeria , Bjørås Magnar , Kainov Denis E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Enteroviruses can infect various human organs, causing diseases such as meningitis, the common cold, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, myocarditis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, sepsis, and type 1 diabetes. Currently, there are no approved treatments for enterovirus infections. In this study, we identified a synergistic combination of orally available, safe-in-man pleconaril, AG7404, and mindeudesivir, that at non-toxic concentrations effectively inhibited enterovirus replication in human cell and organoid cultures. Importantly, the cocktail did not alter glucose and insulin levels in the culture medium of pancreatic β-cells and preserved the contraction rhythm of infected heart organoids. These findings highlight a promising drug cocktail for further preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting a broad range of enterovirus-mediated diseases.
PARP12-mediated ADP-ribosylation contributes to breast cancer cell fate by regulating AKT activation and DNA-damage response
Authors: Pavithran Anupama , Matarese Maria , Morone Barbara , Filograna Angela , Monte Matteo Lo , Dathan Nina Alayne , Corda Daniela , Grimaldi Giovanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Breast cancer represents the primary cause of death of women under 65 in developed countries, due to the acquisition of multiple drug resistance mechanisms. The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the major regulating mechanisms altered during the development of endocrine resistance and inhibition of steps in this signalling pathway are adopted as a key strategy to overcome this issue. ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalysed by PARP enzymes that regulates essential cellular processes, often altered in diseases. PARP12, a member of this family, has been associated with the onset of drug resistance in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, making this enzyme a promising drug target. The molecular basis underlying its involvement in the acquisition of resistance are unknown to date. Here, we demonstrate that PARP12-mediated mono-ADP-ribosylation of AKT is required for AKT activation whilst the absence of PARP12 leads to apoptosis induction in a subset of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Our data show that transcriptional inhibition of PARP12 correlates with an increased DNA-damage induction, mirrored by augmented p53 nuclear localisation and enhanced p53-AKT interaction. Under these conditions, AKT is functionally incompetent towards its downstream targets FOXO, hence favouring cell death. This is achieved by increasing protein levels of the FOXO1 transcription factor, that in turn activates the apoptotic cascade. Overall, we show a novel regulation step of AKT activation and apoptosis relying on PARP12-mediated mono-ADP-ribosylation and propose PARP12 as a potential pharmacological target to be exploited as an innovative therapeutical strategy to overcome endocrine resistance.
Unveiling the genetic architecture of barley embryo: QTL mapping, candidate genes identification and its relationship with kernel size and early vigour
Authors: Chen Xiaoxia , Su Zhouyang , Zheng Yunpu , Li Cong , Ma Jun , Ma Jian , Shi Fusun , Hu Haiyan , Liu Chunji , Zheng Zhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Keymessage
In this first QTL mapping study of embryo size in barley, novel and stable QTL were identified and candidate genes underlying a significant locus independent of kernel size were identified based on orthologous analysis and comparison of the whole-genome assemblies for both parental genotypes of the mapping population.
Embryo, also known as germ, in cereal grains plays a crucial role in plant development. The embryo accounts for only a small portion of grain weight but it is rich in nutrients. Larger embryo translates to a more nutritious grain and larger store of energy reserves, which can benefit seed germination and seedling establishment. However, reports on quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting embryo size in barley is rare. To understand the genetic basis of embryo size in barley, a population consisting of 201 F9 recombination inbred lines (RILs) was assessed in four environments. Three regions affecting various characteristics of embryo size including embryo length (EL), embryo width (EW) and embryo area (EA) were consistently identified. They located on chromosomes 2H, 4H and 7H, respectively. Among them, the QTL on 7H was not significantly affected by kernel size. Phenotypic variances explained by this QTL for EL, EW and EA were 11.8%, 9.3% and 12.7%, respectively. Taken advantage of the available genomic assemblies of the two parental genotypes, candidate genes for this locus on 7H were identified. In addition, significant correlations between embryo size and early vigour and kernel traits were detected. To our knowledge, the present study is for the first time reporting QTL conferring embryo size by directly measuring the characteristics as quantitative trait in barley, which would broaden our understanding of the genetic basis of barley embryo size and offer valuable targets for future breeding programmes.
Genomic selection shows improved expected genetic gain over phenotypic selection of agronomic traits in allotetraploid white clover
Authors: Ehoche O. Grace , Arojju Sai Krishna , Jahufer M. Z. Zulfi , Jauregui Ruy , Larking Anna C. , Cousins Greig , Tate Jennifer A. , Lockhart Peter J. , Griffiths Andrew G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Key message
Genomic selection using white clover multi-year-multi-site data showed predicted genetic gains through integrating among-half-sibling-family phenotypic selection and within-family genomic selection were up to 89% greater than half-sibling-family phenotypic selection alone.

Abstract
Genomic selection, an effective breeding tool used widely in plants and animals for improving low-heritability traits, has only recently been applied to forages. We explored the feasibility of implementing genomic selection in white clover (
Trifolium repens
L.), a key forage legume which has shown limited genetic improvement in dry matter yield (DMY) and persistence traits. We used data from a training population comprising 200 half-sibling (HS) families evaluated in a cattle-grazed field trial across three years and two locations. Combining phenotype and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data, we assessed different two-stage genomic prediction models, including KGD-GBLUP developed for low-depth GBS data, on DMY, growth score, leaf size and stolon traits. Predictive abilities were similar among the models, ranging from −0.17 to 0.44 across traits, and remained stable for most traits when reducing model input to 100–120 HS families and 5500 markers, suggesting genomic selection is viable with fewer resources. Incorporating a correlated trait with a primary trait in multi-trait prediction models increased predictive ability by 28–124%. Deterministic modelling showed integrating among-HS-family phenotypic selection and within-family genomic selection at different selection pressures estimated up to 89% DMY genetic gain compared to phenotypic selection alone, despite a modest predictive ability of 0.3. This study demonstrates the potential benefits of combining genomic and phenotypic selection to boost genetic gains in white clover. Using cost-effective GBS paired with a prediction model optimized for low read-depth data, the approach can achieve prediction accuracies comparable to traditional models, providing a viable path for implementing genomic selection in white clover.
Certified reference materials for GMO analysis—more than 25 years of GMO CRM production at EC JRC
Authors: Trapmann Stefanie , Linsinger Thomas P. J. , Koeber Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Certified reference materials (CRMs) play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of analytical measurements. Particularly, the EU labelling legislation on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed products explicitly requires CRMs for its implementation. The CRMs are used to calibrate and control the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method and support official control laboratories, such as National Reference Laboratories (NRLs), in maintaining their ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation. The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (EC JRC) is specialized in the production of reference materials and has been producing GMO CRMs since 1998. Together with a validated event-specific qPCR method, these GMO CRMs form the EU reference system for the quantification of EU-authorized GMO events in food and feed products and ensure a common GMO labelling threshold. This article gives a retrospective view on the more than 25 years of GMO CRM production at JRC. It describes requirements for GMO CRMs in view of an EU market authorization under (EC) No. 1829/2003. The evolution and major improvements of the production of GMO CRMs at JRC are summarized as well as the current understanding of the EU’s GMO reference system for GMO quantification and its impact on commutability. It provides insights into GMO CRM sales and their worldwide distribution. This information may be useful for policymakers and researchers in understanding the current EU GMO measurement landscape and to anticipate possible future demands related to GMO events based on new genomic techniques (NGTs).
An analytic invariant of $G_{2}$ manifolds
Authors: Crowley Diarmuid , Goette Sebastian , Nordström Johannes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We prove that the moduli space of holonomy

$G_{2}$

G
2

-metrics on a closed 7-manifold can be disconnected by presenting a number of explicit examples. We detect different connected components of the

$G_{2}$

G
2

-moduli space by defining an analytic refinement

$\bar{\nu }(M, g) \in \mathbb{Z}$

ν
¯

(
M
,
g
)
∈
Z

of the defect invariant

$\nu (M,\varphi )\in \mathbb{Z}/48$

ν
(
M
,
φ
)
∈
Z
/
48

of

$G_{2}$

G
2

-structures

$\varphi $

φ

on a closed 7-manifold

$M$

M

introduced by the first and third authors. The

$\bar{\nu }$

ν
¯

-invariant is defined using

$\eta $

η

-invariants and Mathai-Quillen currents on

$M$

M

and we compute it for twisted connected sums à la Kovalev, Corti-Haskins-Nordström-Pacini and extra-twisted connected sums as constructed by the second and third authors. In particular, we find examples of

$G_{2}$

G
2

-holonomy metrics in different components of the moduli space where the associated

$G_{2}$

G
2

-structures are homotopic and other examples where they are not.
Metanephric stromal tumor as a rare differential diagnosis of a renal mass in children – a case report
Authors: Riese Ronja , Veldhoen Simon , Metz Corona , Scale Carolin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This report presents the case of a benign metanephric stromal tumor that occurred in the kidney of a 5-year-old boy and in which differentiation from a nephroblastoma was successful. Radiological assessment played the decisive role in this case, as the low initial volume, a high apparent diffusion coefficient, and lack of rapid tumor growth were considered atypical for a nephroblastoma. The boy underwent successful kidney-preserving resection without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination helped to accurately define the tumor margins. The case is reported to provide information on the radiological picture of pediatric metanephric stromal tumor.
Planning an airport shuttle network with air taxis using choice-based optimization
Authors: Hagspihl Thomas , Kolisch Rainer , Schiffels Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Airports and airlines share a common interest in providing passengers with fast and convenient access to airports. With the introduction of air taxis as a new means of transport, the opportunity will soon emerge to introduce air taxi shuttle services to airports. In this context, for each individual airport the question arises where the facilities for landing, ground handling and take-off, also called vertiports, should be located in the area surrounding the airport. We formulate the problem as a hub location problem with multiple allocation, with the objective to maximize the number of passengers who choose to reach the airport by air taxi. In our model, we explicitly incorporate passengers’ choice behavior with respect to available means of transport using a multinomial logit model. We linearize the problem and provide guidance on the steps needed to use the model in practice. In an extensive case study, we apply the model to real data for Munich Airport, perform a stated preference study to parameterize the multinomial logit model, suggest locations for vertiports throughout Bavaria as a result, and investigate to what extent the introduction of air taxi shuttle flights can reduce travel times to Munich Airport.
Dietary and competition effects on life history attributes of Chrysomya megacephala and Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in south-west Europe
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez A. , Ivorra T. , Velásquez Y. , Cerdá-Ortega L. , Ibáñez C. , Rojo S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The range of the oriental latrine fly (Chrysomya megacephala) is currently expanding. It coexists with another blowfly with a similar ecology, the green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata), one of the most abundant species in carrion during warm months. It is essential to understand the influence of temperature, larval substrate type, and larval competition on the development rates of these necrophagous calliphorids to evaluate the role and the adaptation of C. megacephala in the ecosystems, and on the necrophagous Diptera community. Moreover, due to the forensic importance of both species, biological data are need for forensic purposes in south-west Europe. This study represents the first on the biology of C. megacephala in Europe, and of L. sericata in Spain. We performed a field experiment in Alicante province (south-east Spain) to analyse the monthly abundance of both species in natural conditions, and three lab rearing experiments involving both species to evaluate (i) development at constant temperatures, (ii) the growth of larvae and pupae on different substrates, and (iii) coexistence in pure and mixed cultures under controlled abiotic conditions. The results allowed us to analyse the biological differences between both species, and their effects on the forensic entomology application.
Uncomplicated pharyngitis due to family transmission of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Gray Hannah K. , Malhotra Sanchi , Gonzalez-Ferrer Shekina , Whitehill Gregory D. , Chalmers Alisa C. , Yang Shangxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We describe two cases of uncomplicated pharyngitis caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) in a family, initially in an immunocompetent adolescent, followed by possible household spread resulting in similar presentations in the patient’s parent. Genomic analysis confirmed hvKp from the two cases were genetically identical and typed as K2-ST3252. Nasopharyngeal carriage and respiratory secretion/droplet may play an important yet underrecognized role in the transmission of hvKp. Enhancing routine screening for hvKp in the upper respiratory culture, followed by genotyping provides an effective pathway for early diagnosis.
The efficacy of fractional CO2 laser with or without triamcinolone acetonide or 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of early postburn hypertrophic scars
Authors: Younes Bassel , Mandour Elsayed , Soliman Hashish Mohammed , Gamal Shoukr Tarek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are the result of an abnormal healing process resulting from burns and other severe traumas. The symptoms of that condition include skin irritation, discomfort, and itching. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy alone or with triamcinolone or 5-fluorouracil (FU) in the treatment of early post-burn hypertrophic scars (HTSs) that develop during the first 6 months after the injury. A prospective, randomized, single-blind comparative study was conducted on 30 patients aged 16–65 with hypertrophic scars (HTS) resulting from burns. Patients had no prior treatment for their scars. We randomly assigned participants to one of three groups: Group A received fractional CO2 laser therapy alone, Group B received fractional CO2 laser therapy with topical 5-fluorouracil, and Group C received fractional CO2 laser therapy with topical triamcinolone acetonide. All treatment groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in overall scar severity and height. Patients in Group C (fractional CO2 laser + triamcinolone) demonstrated significant improvements in scar pliability, height, and pigmentation (p < 0.05). In contrast, patients in Group B (fractional CO2 laser + 5-FU) showed significant reductions in scar vascularity, pliability, and height following treatment (p < 0.05). While all groups reported minor changes in pain and itching, there were no significant differences in these symptoms between Group B and Group C. HTSs of this trial revealed reductions in overall scar surface area and thickness and improvement of pliability and pigmentation; however, there was not statistically significant difference between the effect of 5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), suggesting that neither drug offers better efficacy over the other. Level I, singleblinded randomized control study.
The involvement of orexin-1 receptors in modulation of feeding and anxiety-like behavior in rats with complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced temporomandibular joint disorder
Authors: Hosaini Mojtaba , Abbasnejad Mehdi , Kooshki Razieh , Esmaeili-Mahani Saeed , Raoof Maryam , Naderi Reyhaneh , Aarab Ghizlane , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Orexin-A (OXA), a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, is recognized for its role in modulating orofacial nociception and regulating feeding behaviors, as well as its impact on psychophysiological responses. This study investigated the role of orexin-1 receptors (OX1R) in modulating nociceptive behaviors induced by noxious stimulation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the associated changes in mood and feeding behaviors in rats with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Bilateral cannulation of the lateral ventricles was performed in rats. To induce nociception, CFA was injected unilaterally into the left TMJ of the rats. Nociceptive behaviors were assessed using the hot plate and tail flick tests, while anxiety-like behavior and food intake were evaluated using an elevated plus maze (EPM) and a food preference device, respectively. The results demonstrated a significant increase in nociceptive scores and anxiety-like behaviors, along with reductions in water and food consumption following CFA injection. However, post-treatment with OXA at concentrations of 50 and 100 pM/rat significantly decreased thermal nociceptive scores, alleviated anxiety-like behavior, and increased water and food intake. These beneficial effects were reversed when OXA was co-administered with SB-334867 (40 nM/rat), an OX1R antagonist. Collectively, our findings suggest that OX1R signaling plays a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behavior and abnormalities in food intake in CFA-treated rats. Understanding the involvement of OXA and its receptors in CFA-induced TMJ nociception and behavioral changes may pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions targeting OX1R signaling in the management of TMD-associated symptoms.
Finding our place in public scholarship
Authors: Inwood Shoshanah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In her 2024 Agriculture, Food & Human Values Society (AFHVS) Presidential Adress, Shoshanah Inwood reflects on our role as researchers, teachers, practitioners, and as engaged citizens in public scholarship, and the role of our Agriculture Food and Human Values Society in public scholarship. Inwood first defines public scholarship and shares how her research examining the connections between farm viability and access to affordable quality health insurance and childcare has led to proposed new policy in the U.S. Farm Bill. The address reflects on strategies for surviving the perils of public scholarship, and the role AFHVS as a society has in nurturing and supporting public scholarship.