bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilated optic nerve sheath by ultrasound predicts mortality among patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Dias Francisco Antunes , Zotin Maria Clara Zanon , Alessio-Alves Frederico Fernandes , Martins Filho Rui Kleber do Vale , Barreira Clara Monteiro Antunes , Vincenzi Otavio Costa , Venturelli Paula Muñoz , Boulouis Gregoire , Goldstein Joshua Norkin , Pontes-Neto Octavio Marques 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a deadly disease and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is associated with worse outcomes in this context.
Objective We evaluated whether dilated optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) depicted by optic nerve ultrasound (ONUS) at hospital admission has prognostic value as a predictor of mortality at 90 days.
Methods Prospective multicenter study of acute supratentorial primary ICH patients consecutively recruited from two tertiary stroke centers. Optic nerve ultrasound and cranial computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at hospital admission and blindly reviewed. The primary outcome was mortality at 90-days. Multivariate logistic regression, ROC curve, and C-statistics were used to identify independent predictors of mortality.
Results Between July 2014 and July 2016, 57 patients were evaluated. Among those, 13 were excluded and 44 were recruited into the trial. Their mean age was 62.3 ± 13.1 years and 12 (27.3%) were female. On univariate analysis, ICH volume on cranial CT scan, ICH ipsilateral ONSD, Glasgow coma scale, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and glucose on admission, and also diabetes mellitus and current nonsmoking were predictors of mortality. After multivariate analysis, ipsilateral ONSD (odds ratio [OR]: 6.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–33.01; p = 0.03) was an independent predictor of mortality, even after adjustment for other relevant prognostic factors. The best ipsilateral ONSD cutoff was 5.6mm (sensitivity 72% and specificity 83%) with an AUC of 0.71 (p = 0.02) for predicting mortality at 90 days.
Conclusion Optic nerve ultrasound is a noninvasive, bedside, low-cost technique that can be used to identify increased ICP in acute supratentorial primary ICH patients. Among these patients, dilated ONSD is an independent predictor of mortality at 90 days.
Avulsion Fracture of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Fang Evan , Choi Matthew , Cooper Michael J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Avulsion fracture of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) bony insertion at fifth metacarpal base is a rare injury that may preclude recognition on radiographs.
Case Description We report two cases of ECU avulsion fracture, both of which were successfully treated surgically by open reduction and fixation (ORIF).
Literature Review Only two cases of ECU avulsion fracture have previously been reported in the literature. Forced motion of the wrist into a position of hyperflexion and/or radial deviation appears to be a common mechanism.
Clinical Relevance Clinicians should be aware that ECU avulsion fractures can occur in isolation or in association with other fractures of the hand or wrist. ORIF is warranted due to the prospect of impaired wrist range of motion as well as persistent pain caused by the avulsed fragment.
A Case Series of Distal Radius and Ulna Nonunion Treated with Minimal Surgical Intervention
Authors: Cha Soo Min , Ga In Ho , Kim Yong Hwan , Kim Seung Won 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background We hypothesized a treatment guideline for ulna/radius nonunion after failed surgical treatment and propose to verify it in a prospective study. Herein, we report our preliminary findings and review the current trend.
Methods Six patients who met the criteria were retrospectively investigated, and we further categorized “nonunion of both the radius/ulna” into four subcategories. For hypertrophic nonunion of the radius, but with stability maintained by a plate, we only reinforced the mechanical stability of the ulna (osteosynthesis, treatment option 1). In oligo- or atrophic nonunion of the radius with stability maintained by a plate, we added cancellous or tricortical bone grafts to the radius after osteosynthesis of the ulna (treatment option 2). In the presence of definitive pseudomotion of the radius (no stability), we performed revision osteosynthesis for the radius only, without (treatment option 3) or with bone graft (treatment option 4).
Results Two, one, one, and two patients had corresponding treatment options of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. At a mean postoperative time of 4.3 months, all radii and ulnas showed union. At the final follow-up, clinical outcomes in terms of the range of motion and VAS (visual analog scale)/DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) scores were satisfactory. We are currently conducting a prospective trial to verify the hypothesized guidelines. For both types of radius/ulna nonunion, first, if the stability of the radius was good, we compared the final outcomes with or without revision osteosynthesis for the radius, in addition to osteosynthesis for the ulna. Second, if stability was absent in the radius, we compared the final outcomes with or without osteosynthesis of the ulna, in addition to revision osteosynthesis of the radius.
Conclusions The treatment guidelines for rare nonunion after failed surgical treatment of both the distal radius/ulna were suggested according to the “concept of stability” based on the principles of fracture treatment. This hypothesis could be used to guide prospective studies of revision surgery for nonunion of both the radius and ulna.
Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series.
Triglyceride-glucose index as a predictor of obstructive sleep apnoea severity in the absence of traditional risk factors
Authors: Sökücü Sinem Nedime , Aydın Şenay , Satıcı Celal , Tural Önür Seda , Özdemir Cengiz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective We evaluated the association between the triglyceride–glucose (TG) index, a marker of insulin resistance, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity in patients without diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Methods This retrospective cohort study included 1,527 patients. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the independent predictors associated with OSA.
Results Most patients were males (81.5%) with a mean age of 43.9 ± 11.1 (15–90) years. Based on the apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI), 353 (23.1%) patients were included in the control group, whereas 32.4%, 23.5%, and 21% had mild, moderate, and severe OSA, respectively. The TG index values demonstrated significant associations with OSA patients compared with the control group (p = 0.001). In addition, the mean values of the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), AHI, minimum oxygen saturation, and total sleep time percentage with saturation below 90% demonstrated statistically significant differences among the TG index groups (p: 0.001; p:0.001; p:0.001; p:0.003). The optimal TG index cutoff value to predict OSA was 8.615 (AUC = 0.638, 95% CI = 0.606–0.671, p = 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, the TG index was independently associated with OSA patients.
Conclusion The TG index is independently associated with increased risk for OSA. This indicates that this index, a marker for disease severity, can be used to identify severe OSA patients on waiting lists for PSG.
The coordination pattern of tourism efficiency and development level in Guangdong Province under high-quality development
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Marzuki Azizan , Liao Zhenjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTourism efficiency is an important basis for measuring the quality of regional tourism economic operations. Promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of tourism is of great theoretical significance and practical value. Here, we measured the tourism development level of 21 cities in Guangdong Province from 2000 to 2020, introduced the DEA-MI model to measure and dissect tourism efficiency, and analyzed spatiotemporal data to explore the dynamic characteristics of regional tourism differences and spatial structures. Additionally, we constructed a coupled coordination degree model of tourism efficiency and development level and analyzed the coupling excellence and synergistic consistency of the two models. The results showed (1) evident spatial differences in the comprehensive tourism efficiency of 21 cities in Guangdong Province. (2) The local spatial structure of the tourism efficiency and development level fluctuates less and is more stable depending on the direction. (3) The local spatial structure of the tourism development level is more stable because the relative positions of municipal units are not readily changed. (4) The overall coupling degree of tourism efficiency, scale, and coupling coordination degree gradually improve with similar spatial and temporal divergence characteristics; the local evolution shows spatial heterogeneity and volatility.
Tri-gate junctionless transistors with electrostatically highly doped channel
Authors: Jeon Dae-Young 
Published: November 2023

Multiple-gated junctionless transistors (JLTs) with an extremely simple structure and bulk-conduction-based operation could overcome fundamental problems with respect to short-channel effects for sub-3-nm technology nodes. In this paper, the performance of a tri-gate JLT with an electrostatically highly doped channel is demonstrated through numerical simulation. Unique characteristics previously reported in fabricated JLTs were exhibited by the tri-gate transistors with an additional bottom-gate bias (Vgb = 50 V), which induced an effectively highly doped state of the channel. The results of this study show the feasibility of producing impurity scattering-free JLTs for next-generation technology nodes.
An exploratory randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of different duration of canine-assisted interventions in higher education students
Authors: Manville Karen , Coulson Mark , Reynolds Gemma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether different durations of canine-assisted intervention (CAI) influenced the beneficial effects of CAI on anxiety, stress, depression, and the well-being of higher education (HE) students. Eighty-eight participants took part in an exploratory randomised control trial (RCT) and were assigned to the 2, 5, and 10-min CAI groups who interacted with a canine, or a control group who watched an unrelated slideshow. Pre- and post-intervention anxiety, stress, depression, and well-being levels were measured. Additionally, the type of interaction between humans and canines was recorded as well as participants’ views of the canines’ neoteny (juvenile features) to explore whether interaction activity and canine features have an impact on the beneficial positive effects of CAI. The results showed no differences in the duration of CAI in reducing anxiety, stress, and depression, meaning a 2-min CAI session was as effective as a 10-min session. The results also found individual intervention activities between humans and canines did not predict a reduction in anxiety, stress, depression, or an increase in general well-being. Additionally, a negative correlation was found between the cuteness of the canine and anxiety, and between the cuddliness of the canine and stress, although these results should be interpreted with caution due to high canine trait scores. Overall, this study used a CAI and control group to explore the differences between a single 2, 5, and 10-min CAI sessions in HE students and demonstrated a 2-min CAI session was as effective as a longer 10-min CAI session in supporting the mental health of HE students, by reducing anxiety, stress, and depression levels in the treatment group.
Axion flux monodromy discharges relax the cosmological constant
Authors: Kaloper Nemanja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linear axion monodromy models modulated with higher powers of fields naturally realize the
quantum-mechanical flux discharge mechanism for relaxing the cosmological constant toward
zero. Working with multiple copies of superposed linear and quadratic flux monodromies, each copy
spanned by a pair of fluxes, we show that when the axion is very massive and so effectively
decoupled, the membrane discharges relax the cosmological constant toward an attractor 0 < Λ/M
4
Pl ≪ 1. If we restrict the flux variations and the intermediate flux values to
never venture beyond a finite flux range, the terminal value of the cosmological constant will be
tiny but finite. We show how it can reproduce the observed scale of dark energy, and explain how
to incorporate matter sector phase transitions.
Constraints on dark matter-neutrino scattering from the Milky-Way satellites and subhalo modeling for dark acoustic oscillations
Authors: Akita Kensuke , Ando Shin'ichiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The elastic scattering between dark matter (DM) and radiation can potentially explain
small-scale observations that the cold dark matter faces as a challenge, as damping density
fluctuations via dark acoustic oscillations in the early universe erases small-scale structure.
We study a semi-analytical subhalo model for interacting dark matter with radiation, based on the
extended Press-Schechter formalism and subhalos' tidal evolution prescription. We also test the
elastic scattering between DM and neutrinos using observations of Milky-Way satellites from the
Dark Energy Survey and PanSTARRS1. We conservatively impose strong constraints on the DM-neutrino
scattering cross section of σ
DM–ν,n ∝ En
ν
(n = 0,2,4) at 95%
confidence level (CL), σ
DM–ν,0 < 10-32 cm2 (m
DM/
GeV), σ
DM–ν,2 < 10-43 cm2 (m
DM/
GeV)(Eν
/Eν

0)2 and σ
DM–ν,4 < 10-54 cm2 (m
DM
/GeV)(Eν
/Eν

0)4, where Eν

0 is the neutrino energy and Eν

0 is the
average momentum of relic cosmic neutrinos today, Eν

0 ≃ 6.1 K. By imposing a
satellite forming condition, we obtain the strongest upper bounds on the DM-neutrino cross section
at 95% CL, σ
DM–ν,0 < 4 × 10-34 cm2 (m
DM/
GeV), σ
DM–ν,2 < 10-46 cm2 (m
DM/
GeV)(Eν
/Eν

0)2 and σ
DM–ν,4 < 7 × 10-59
cm2 (m
DM/GeV)(Eν
/Eν

0)4.
Too small to fail: characterizing sub-solar mass black hole mergers with gravitational waves
Authors: Wolfe Noah E. , Vitale Salvatore , Talbot Colm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The detection of a sub-solar mass black hole could yield dramatic new insights into the
nature of dark matter and early-Universe physics, as such objects lack a traditional astrophysical
formation mechanism. Gravitational waves allow for the direct measurement of compact object
masses during binary mergers, and we expect the gravitational-wave signal from a low-mass
coalescence to remain within the LIGO frequency band for thousands of seconds. However, it is
unclear whether one can confidently measure the properties of a sub-solar mass compact object and
distinguish between a sub-solar mass black hole or other exotic objects. To this end, we perform
Bayesian parameter estimation on simulated gravitational-wave signals from sub-solar mass black
hole mergers to explore the measurability of their source properties. We find that the LIGO/Virgo
detectors during the O4 observing run would be able to confidently identify sub-solar component
masses at the threshold of detectability; these events would also be well-localized on the sky and
may reveal some information on their binary spin geometry. Further, next-generation detectors
such as Cosmic Explorer and the Einstein Telescope will allow for precision measurement of the
properties of sub-solar mass mergers and tighter constraints on their compact-object nature.
In-vivo verified anatomically aware deep learning for real-time electric field simulation
Authors: Ma Liang , Zhong Gangliang , Yang Zhengyi , Lu Xuefeng , Fan Lingzhong , Liu Hao , Chu Congying , Xiong Hui , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a prominent non-invasive technique for modulating brain function and treating mental disorders. By generating a high-precision magnetically evoked electric field (E-field) using a TMS coil, it enables targeted stimulation of specific brain regions. However, current computational methods employed for E-field simulations necessitate extensive preprocessing and simulation time, limiting their fast applications in the determining the optimal coil placement. Approach. We present an attentional deep learning network to simulate E-fields. This network takes individual magnetic resonance images and coil configurations as inputs, firstly transforming the images into explicit brain tissues and subsequently generating the local E-field distribution near the target brain region. Main results. Relative to the previous deep-learning simulation method, the presented method reduced the mean relative error in simulated E-field strength of gray matter by 21.1%, and increased the correlation between regional E-field strengths and corresponding electrophysiological responses by 35.0% when applied into another dataset. In-vivo TMS experiments further revealed that the optimal coil placements derived from presented method exhibit comparable stimulation performance on motor evoked potentials to those obtained using computational methods. The simplified preprocessing and increased simulation efficiency result in a significant reduction in the overall time cost of traditional TMS coil placement optimization, from several hours to mere minutes. Significance. The precision and efficiency of presented simulation method hold promise for its application in determining individualized coil placements in clinical practice, paving the way for personalized TMS treatments.
Past and present biomass consumption by herbivores and fire across productivity gradients in North America
Authors: Wendt John A F , McWethy David B , Hempson Gareth P , Brookshire E N Jack , Fuhlendorf Samuel D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Herbivores and fire are important consumers of plant biomass that influence vegetation structure, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity globally. Departures from historic biomass consumption patterns due to wild herbivore losses, livestock proliferation, and altered fire regimes can have critical ecological consequences. We set out to (i) understand how consumer dominance and prevalence responded to spatial and temporal moisture gradients in Holocene North America and (ii) examine how past and present consumer dominance patterns in North America compare to less altered consumer regimes of modern Sub-Saharan Africa. We developed long-term records of bison abundance and biomass burning in Holocene midcontinent North America and compared these records to reconstructions of moisture availability and vegetation structure. We used these reconstructions to characterize bison and fire prevalence across associated moisture and vegetation gradients. We found that bison herbivory dominated biomass consumption in dry settings whereas fire dominated in wetter environments. Historical distributions of herbivory and burning in midcontinent North America resemble those of contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting disturbance feedbacks and interactions regulate long-term consumer dynamics. Comparisons of consumer dynamics in contemporary North America with Holocene North America and Sub-Saharan Africa also reveal that fire is functionally absent from regions where it was once common, with profound ecological implications.
NOON state measurement probabilities and outcome fidelities: a Bethe ansatz approach
Authors: Bennett Lachlan , Isaac Phillip S , Links Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A recently proposed extended Bose–Hubbard model, one that is a quantum integrable model, provides a framework for a NOON state generation protocol. Here we derive a Bethe ansatz solution for the model. The form of the solution provides the means to obtain exact asymptotic expressions for the energies and eigenstates. These results are used to derive formulae for measurement probabilities and outcome fidelities. We benchmark these results against numerical calculations.
Bioprinting of scaled-up meniscal grafts by spatially patterning phenotypically distinct meniscus progenitor cells within melt electrowritten scaffolds
Authors: Barceló Xavier , Eichholz Kian , Gonçalves Inês , Kronemberger Gabriela S , Dufour Alexandre , Garcia Orquidea , Kelly Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Meniscus injuries are a common problem in orthopedic medicine and are associated with a significantly increased risk of developing osteoarthritis. While developments have been made in the field of meniscus regeneration, the engineering of cell-laden constructs that mimic the complex structure, composition and biomechanics of the native tissue remains a significant challenge. This can be linked to the use of cells that are not phenotypically representative of the different zones of the meniscus, and an inability to direct the spatial organization of engineered meniscal tissues. In this study we investigated the potential of zone-specific meniscus progenitor cells (MPCs) to generate functional meniscal tissue following their deposition into melt electrowritten (MEW) scaffolds. We first confirmed that fibronectin selected MPCs from the inner and outer regions of the meniscus maintain their differentiation capacity with prolonged monolayer expansion, opening their use within advanced biofabrication strategies. By depositing MPCs within MEW scaffolds with elongated pore shapes, which functioned as physical boundaries to direct cell growth and extracellular matrix production, we were able to bioprint anisotropic fibrocartilaginous tissues with preferentially aligned collagen networks. Furthermore, by using MPCs isolated from the inner (iMPCs) and outer (oMPCs) zone of the meniscus, we were able to bioprint phenotypically distinct constructs mimicking aspects of the native tissue. An iterative MEW process was then implemented to print scaffolds with a similar wedged-shaped profile to that of the native meniscus, into which we deposited iMPCs and oMPCs in a spatially controlled manner. This process allowed us to engineer sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen rich constructs mimicking the geometry of the meniscus, with MPCs generating a more fibrocartilage-like tissue compared to the mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate how the convergence of emerging biofabrication platforms with tissue-specific progenitor cells can enable the engineering of complex tissues such as the meniscus.
Formation and stability of Fe-rich terminations of the Fe3O4(001) surface
Authors: Gamba Oscar , Eder Moritz , Poglitsch Matthias , Pavelec Jiri , Sombut Panukorn , Meier Matthias , Diebold Ulrike , Schmid Michael , Parkinson Gareth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding how the structure of iron oxide surfaces varies with their environment is essential for rationalizing their role in (geo-)chemistry and optimizing their application in modern technologies. In this paper, we create Fe-rich terminations of Fe3O4(001) by depositing iron directly onto the ‘subsurface cation vacancy’-reconstructed surface, which is the most stable surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data reveal that the excess iron is initially accommodated as two-fold coordinated adatoms and later incorporates into the subsurface cation vacancies. As the coverage increases, small patches of the octahedral pair termination (also known as the ‘Fe dimer’ termination) nucleate, eventually covering the entire surface after the deposition of 2 iron atoms per (√2×√2)R45° unit cell. This conclusion effectively rules out some existing models for the termination and provides support for the model proposed by Rustad et al (Surface Science 432, L583-L588, 1999), highlighting the need for further theoretical work to complete the Fe3O4(001) surface phase diagram. The octahedral pair termination is found to be unstable above 523 K and upon exposure to molecular O2 because the excess iron atoms agglomerate to form small FeOx clusters.