bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative sonographic assessment of the spleen in individuals with and without sickle cell anaemia in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: Alaneme LN  , Ugwu NI  , Orji MO  , Akhigbe AO  , Ugwuegbu JU  , Isiozor I  
Published: October 2023

Background: Sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) is a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa and commonly affects the spleen, with associated increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of the spleen in patients with HbSS in steady state and to compare findings with those of individuals with normal adult haemoglobin (HbAA).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study. Haemoglobin phenotypes were determined using haemoglobin electrophoresis. The spleen was scanned using transabdominal ultrasonography. Splenic size and parenchymal echotexture were assessed. Data was analysed with SPSS software, version 20.
Results: One-hundred-and-twenty participants were recruited for the study, made up of 60 patients with HbSS and 60 age-and-sex-matched individuals with HbAA. They were made up of 54 (45%) males and 66 (55%) females, aged 2 to 32years, with mean age of 15.78 ±7.2 years for HbSS and 15.80 ±7.5years for HbAA participants. Thirteen (21.7%) patients with HbSS had autosplenectomy, 7 (11.7%) had splenomegaly, 6 (10%) had shrunken spleens, while 34 (56.7%) had normal sized spleens. All the participants with HbAA had normal splenic size with age. Of the 47 patients with HbSS whose spleen were visualized, 20 (42.6%) had abnormal splenic echotexture, whereas all the 60 (100%) participants with HbAA, had normal echotexture. There was significant difference in splenic echotexture in patients with HbSS compared to those with HbAA (p <0.05).
Conclusion: A number of patients with HbSS have abnormal splenic size and echotexture compared to those with HbAA. There should be adequate follow up of patients with HbSS to prevent possible resultant splenic complications.
Examining the impact of tourism on economic growth in the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Akyürek Salim , Allen Richard David William , Bahcelerli Nesrin Menemenci 
Published: October 2023

Examining the impact of tourism on economic growth in the Republic of South Africa (1995–2020) is the subject of this thesis. Tourism is widely recognized as one of the factors that contributes to a country's long-term economic development and helps to raise average income per person across the board. In this regard, international tourism makes a lot of positive contributions to economic growth in a variety of ways. One of the most fundamental reasons why tourism is so important is that money from tourism helps cover the country's need for foreign currency and, as a result, contributes to the reduction of the balance of payment deficit. Argue that, in addition to the information previously stated, the tourism industry contributes to economic development in a number of different ways. For example, tourism profits can be invested in fixed assets; tourism promotes a competitive market and investments in new facilities; tourism stimulates other sectors of the economy through direct, indirect, and induced effects; tourism creates job opportunities; and tourism promotes foreign travel and exchange rates. The ARDL model and the Granger causality test were utilized in this thesis to determine the connection between the dependent and independent variables. The findings suggest that tourism has a beneficial influence on South African economic development, but exports and exchange rates have a negative impact. Given that there is a causal link between tourism and economic development, our evidence of reliance may support the deployment of these strategies. All of this was done by using the Eviews statistical software. Also, when tourism is promoted and it is discovered that growth rates are interdependent, it may be acceptable to impose tourist laws since these rules take into consideration the degree of tail dependency that occurs between growth rates over time.
Uso da ferramenta curva ABC na classificação dos principais produtos em uma loja de pequeno porte do ramo de materiais elétricos e hidráulicos
Authors: Prates Antônio Augusto Beck , Sanjulião Lo-Ruana Karen Amorim , Reis Maria José , Borges Vânia de Oliveira , Reis João Carlos , Reis Fernanda Medeiros Dutra , Rodrigues Thales Volpe , De Oliveira Marco Aurélio 
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho desenvolve um estudo focado na aplicação da ferramenta curva ABC, em uma loja varejista de materiais para construção. Atualmente, manter a gestão de estoque e o gerenciamento do mix de produto é fundamental para a sobrevivência das empresas. Muitas empresas apresentam elevadas quantidades dos itens no seu estoque, podendo ser causado por falta de planejamento de compra. Assim este trabalho tem como objetivo geral realizar a gestão de estoque em uma loja do setor de Casa e Construção, a partir da utilização da ferramenta Curva ABC, e indicar os principais produtos comercializados, visando custos e lucratividade, que devem ser priorizados no planejamento e controle do estoque da operação. O desenvolvimento aconteceu em forma de um estudo de caso, sendo qualificado este trabalho como pesquisa descritiva e de caráter quantitativo, com buscas de dados. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que 80% dos custos referem-se a 27,27% da quantidade de itens comercializados e 80% do lucro foi oriundo de 29,32% dos itens comercializados.
Genetic Diversity Assessment Using D2 Statistics in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]
Authors: Patel Ujjaval , Patil Harshal E. , Vadodariya G. D. , Ray Purnima 
Published: October 2023

Aim: The current investigation was carried out using total of 101 finger millet genotypes was carried out at two locations in four environments to study diversity.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: 6 Months at Hill Millet Research Station and College Farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari.
Methodology: D2 statistics was used for study of diversity in 101 genotypes.
Results: The perusal of the data for diversity studies revealed that intra-cluster distance ranged from 59.93 to 96.56. Highest inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters VI and XI followed by cluster pair VI and VII.
Conclusions: Based upon high yielding genotypes and large inter-cluster distances, it is advised to attempt crossing of the genotypes from clusters VI and XI as well as VIII and XIII which may produce broad spectrum of favourable genetic variability for yield improvement in finger millet.
Multifunctional Nanoclay‐Based Hemostatic Materials for Wound Healing: A Review
Authors: Tan Ya , Yang Qian , Zheng Meng , Sarwar Muhammad Tariq , Yang Huaming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBleeding to death accounts for around 30–40% of all trauma‐related fatalities. Current hemostatic materials are mainly mono‐functional or have insufficient hemostatic capacity. Nanoclay has been recently shown to accelerate hemostasis, improve wound healing, and provide the resulting multifunctional hemostatic materials antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and healing‐promoting due to its distinctive morphological structure and physicochemical properties. Herein, the chemical design and action mechanism of nanoclay‐based hemostatic, antibacterial, and pro‐wound healing materials in the context of wound healing are discussed. The physiological processes of hemostasis and wound healing to elucidate the significance of nanoclay for functional wound hemostatic dressing design are outlined. A summary of the features of various nanoclay and product types used in wound hemostatic dressings is provided. Nanoclay can be antimicrobial due to the slow release of metal ions and has an abundant surface charge allowing for high affinity for proteins and cells, which can activate the coagulation reaction or facilitate tissue repair. Nanoclay with a microporous structure can be used as drug carriers to create composites critical for inhibiting bacterial growth on wounds or promoting the regeneration of vascular, muscle, and skin tissues. Directions for further research and innovation of nanoclay‐based multifunctional materials for hemostasis and tissue regeneration are explored.
Polarographische Bestimmung von m‐Dinitrio‐, s‐Trinitrobenzol und Tetranitromethan
Authors: Cruse Kurt , Haul Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBei der vorliegenden Untersuchung handelte es sich darum, eine einfache Methode aufzufinden, um das bei der Nitrierung von m‐Dinitrobenzol (m‐DNB) entstehende s‐Trinitrobenzol (s‐TNB), sowie das dabei als Nebenprodukt anfallende Tetranitromethan (TNM) quantitativ nebeneinander zu bestimmen.
Zum Problem des Einzelelektrodenpotentials
Authors: Strehlow Hans 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie physikalische Bedeutung eines Galvanipotentials sowie die zu seiner Berechnung notwendigen Voraus‐setzungen werden diskutiert. Die von verschiedenen Autoren vorgenommenen Aufteilungen der Hydratationsenergie von Halogeniden in die Einzelionenwerte werden gegeneinander abgewogen. Es wird gezeigt, daß in allen Lösungsmitteln die Solvatationsenergie eines Halogenions größer als die eines Alkaliions mit gleichem Kristallionenradius ist, wenn die Löslichkeit der Alkalihalogenide in diesen Lösungsmitteln nicht extrem klein ist. Das Oberflächenpotential an der Grenzfläche Wasser/inertes Gas wird zu etwa — 0,4 V berechnet. Neuere theoretische und experimentelle Arbeiten zum Einzelelektrodenpotential werden unter Berücksichtigung der entwickelten Vorstellungen besprochen.
Zur Thermodynamik binärer azeotroper Gemische
Authors: Huditz F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wird eine Rechenmethode beschrieben, die es mit Hilfe eines 2konstantigen Näherungsansatzes für das Integral der Gibbs‐Duhem‐Margulesschen Differentialgleichung erlaubt, aus der Kenntnis der Daten des azeotropen Punktes (Totaldampfdruck und Flüssigkeitszusammensetzung) sowie der Dampfdrucke der reinen Komponenten die Total‐ und Partialdampfdruckisothermen über das ganze Mischungsgebiet zu berechnen.
Crystal growth and dislocations
Authors: Frank F. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe theory of the growth of perfect crystals deriving from Gibbs and Volmer, shows that new crystal layers cannot be nucleated at an appreciable rate at low supersaturation. The essential truth of this theory is confirmed by the growth of crystals in polyhedra, which would otherwise be incomprehensible. But on this theory, by itself, the growth rate of such crystals would be virtually zero. This is not usually the case (though the necessary conditions have apparently been realized in Hawards experiments). The discrepancy is removed by considering that a real crystal contains dislocations and may therefore consist of only one layer of atoms perpetually overlapping itself. Such a crystal can grow to an unlimited size without any nucleation of new layers. The rate of growth of such a crystal can be calculated; it is proportional to the square of the supersaturation for low values and to the first power of the supersaturation for higher values in satisfactory quantitative agreement with the experimental results of Volmer and Schultze. The theory indicates that an almost flat crystal surface will show spiral growth steps, ending on dislocations. These are observed in many different cristals, confirming that this mode of growth is very common. Finally, some discussion is given to the way in which dislocations are produced in the growth process.
Probleme der Verdampfung
Authors: Knacke O. , Stranski I. N. , Wolff G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKinetische Berechnung des Kondensationskoeffizienten — Geringe Verdampfungsgeschwindigkeit von Kristallen mit Valenzgitter — Verdampfung des NH4Cl — Verdampfung von Kristallen mit erheblichen Gitterstörungen.
Die dielektrische Polarisation von Komplexen des molekularen Jods mit organischen Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Kortüm G. , Walz H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Cyclohexanlösung werden die Dipolmomente der Molekülkomplexe Jod‐Dioxan, Jod‐Pyridin, Jod‐Benzol, Jod‐Naphthalin, Jod‐Diphenyl über die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Dielektrizitätskonstanten bestimmt. Die Dipolwerte lassen sich nach Festlegung der Dissoziationskonstanten der Komplexe mittels Löslichkeitsmessungen durch Ausdehnung des Debyeschen Extrapolationsverfahrens auf Vierkomponentensysteme unter Einbeziehung des Massenwirkungsgesetzes berechnen. Sie erweisen sich als unerwartet hoch und sind ein Hinweis auf die starke Polarisation des Jodmoleküls bereits im Grundzustand des Komplexes. Die Werte der Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Komplexe als unmittelbares Maß für die freie Bildungsenthalpie und damit für die Beständigkeit der Molekülverbindungen zeigen gleichen Gang wie die Dipolmomente.
Adsorption an Grenzflächen zwischen flüssigen Phasen. II: Elektrolytadsorption und Aufbau der elektrischen Doppelschichten
Authors: Ohlenbusch Hans‐Dieter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNach einer Untersuchung der an Öl‐Wasser‐Grenzen auftretenden Phasengrenzpotentiale wird festgestellt, daß bei Adsorption von ionisierten Teilchen praktisch die gesamte Doppelschicht sich in der wäßrigen Phase befindet. Der Aufbau dieser Doppelschicht wird unter Berücksichtigung des Ionenvolumens diskutiert und das Potential als Funktion der Flächenladung bestimmt. Diese Beziehung ermöglicht die Beschreibung der Adsorption oberflächenaktiver Elektrolyte, sowie der dadurch verursachten Änderung der Grenzflächenspannung. Die freie Grenzflächenenergie enthält einmal, wie bei der Adsorption ungeladener Substanzen, ein osmotisches Glied, dargestellt durch die Szyszkowskische Gleichung, zum anderen einen elektrostatischen Anteil, der den Energieinhalt der gesamten elektrischen Doppelschicht wiedergibt. Die Aufladung der Grenzfläche durch die adsorbierten Ionen führt für sie zu einer Verminderung der Oberflächenaktivität oder anders formuliert: zu einer Verschiebung des Dissoziationsgleichgewichtes des betreffenden Elektrolyten in der Grenzfläche. Die erhaltenen Beziehungen werden abschließend mit experimentellen Meßwerten verglichen.
Zum Mechanismus der Dampfphasenitrierung aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe
Authors: Geiseler G. , Reinhardt H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wird die Geschwindigkeit der Dampfphasenitrierung des Äthans mit Salpetersäure und die der thermischen Zersetzung des Nitroäthans unter vergleichenden Bedingungen gemessen. Die Nitriergeschwindigkeit verläuft bezüglich der Salpetersäure nach einem Zeitgesetz 1. Ordnung. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante folgt der Funktion k = 4,49 · 1015 exp (– 47500/RT) sec−1. Nitroäthan zerfällt unter Nitrierbedingungen in Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen anderer Autoren ebenfalls nach 1. Ordnung. Die Abhängigkeit der Zerfallskonstante von der Temperatur läßt sich durch die Gleichung k = 2,59 · 1011 exp (– 40200/RT) sec−1 beschreiben. Aus den Meßergebnissen folgt, daß beim Dampfphasenitrierprozeß der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt mit ziemlicher Sicherheit der Zerfall der Salpetersäure in OH‐ und NO2–Radikale ist, die thermische Zersetzung der gebildeten Nitrokohlenwasserstoffe unter Nitrierbedingungen keine wesentliche Rolle spielt und der größte Teil der Oxydationsprodukte sehr wahrscheinlich auf dem Wege über intermediär gebildete Nitrite entsteht.
Zur Bedeutung der Tonerde für die Struktur des Ammoniakkatalysators
Authors: Peters Cl. , Schafer K. , Krabetz R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wurden mittels der Methode der Elektronenmikroskopie, Adsorption, Chemisorption und Röntgenographie Untersuchungen am NH3‐Kontakt durchgeführt. In Übereinstimmung mit den Daten der Literatur ergibt sich folgendes Bild über die Rolle der Tonerde im Kontakt.Im unreduzierten Zustand des Kontaktes bildet die Tonerde als Spinell FeO · Al2O3 Mischkristalle mit demSpinell FeO·Fe2O3 wobei das Aluminium sich auf Fe+++‐Gitterplätzen befindet. Bei der Reduktion bilden sich Eisenkristallite von 100‐1000 AE Größe. Zwischen diesen scheidet sich die Tonerde als Spinell FeO · Al2O3 und γ–Al2O3 aus. Es zeigt sich, daß nur der Tonerdegehalt bis zu 3% katalytisch wirksam ist. Oberhalb dieser Konzentration vergrößert er nur die Dicke der ausgeschiedenen Zwischenschichten. Diese Zwischenschichten verhindern, daß die Eisenkristalle unter Oberflächenschwund rekristallisieren. Der Tonerdegehalt bestimmt die Ausbildung des Porengefüges und die Größe der inneren Oberfläche. Es besteht kein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der Aktivität des Kontaktes und seinem Tonerdegehalt sowie seiner Gesamtoberfl¨︁che. Jedoch besteht eine lineare Beziehung zwischen der Konstanten der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und der freien, nicht vom ausgeschiedenen Aktivator bedeckten Eisenoberfl¨︁che.
Thiol‐Disulfide Exchange Kinetics and Redox Potential of the Coenzyme M and Coenzyme B Heterodisulfide, an Electron Acceptor Coupled to Energy Conservation in Methanogenic Archaea
Authors: Laird Maxime G. , Adlung Norman , Koivisto Jari J. , Scheller Silvan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMethanogenic and methanotrophic archaea play important roles in the global carbon cycle by interconverting CO2 and methane. To conserve energy from these metabolic pathways that happen close to the thermodynamic equilibrium, specific electron carriers have evolved to balance the redox potentials between key steps. Reduced ferredoxins required to activate CO2 are provided by energetical coupling to the reduction of the high‐potential heterodisulfide (HDS) of coenzyme M (2‐mercaptoethanesulfonate) and coenzyme B (7‐mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate). While the standard redox potential of this important HDS has been determined previously to be −143 mV (Tietze et al. 2003 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200390053), we have measured thiol disulfide exchange kinetics and reassessed this value by equilibrating thiol‐disulfide mixtures of coenzyme M, coenzyme B, and mercaptoethanol. We determined the redox potential of the HDS of coenzyme M and coenzyme B to be −16.4±1.7 mV relative to the reference thiol mercaptoethanol (E0’=−264 mV). The resulting E0’ values are −281 mV for the HDS, −271 mV for the homodisulfide of coenzyme M, and −270 mV for the homodisulfide of coenzyme B. We discuss the importance of these updated values for the physiology of methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea and their implications in terms of energy conservation.
Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins: An Update
Authors: Hao Meng , Xu Hui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPodophyllotoxin is an aryltetralin lignan lactone derived from different plants of Podophyllum. It consists of five rings with four chiral centers, one trans‐lactone and one aryl tetrahydronaphthalene skeleton with multiple modification sites. Moreover, podophyllotoxin and its derivatives showed lots of bioactivities, including anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and insecticidal properties. The demand for podophyllotoxin and its derivatives is rising as a result of their high efficacy. As a continuation of our previous review (Chem. Eur. J., 2017, 23, 4467–4526), herein, total synthesis, biotransformation, structural modifications, bioactivities, and structure–activity relationships of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives from 2017 to 2022 are summarized. Meanwhile, a piece of update information on the origin of new podophyllotoxin analogues from plants from 2014 to 2022 was compiled. We hope that this review will provide a reference for future high value–added applications of podophyllotoxin and its analogues in the pharmaceutical and agricultural fields.
China's aging population: A review of living arrangement, intergenerational support, and wellbeing
Authors: Zhao Litao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChina's rapid population aging and remarkable family‐level changes have raised concerns about the weakening of its family‐based elderly care. The last decade indeed has seen a clear departure from multigenerational living to alternative living arrangements such as living with spouse only and solo living. However, ample evidence suggests that Chinese families have demonstrated considerable resilience amidst profound sociodemographic changes. This review article highlights the importance of government–society cooperation in meeting the social challenges of population aging. A key factor is the persistient filial piety norms, which enable children living far or close, migrant or nonmigrant, to rearrange financial, instrumental, and emotional support to aging parents. Equally important is the step‐in of the government to share elderly care responsibilities, provide support through deepening pension and healthcare reforms, and implement the active and healthy aging agenda. How the two factors play out over the next decade and beyond will have profound implications on the living arrangement, intergenerational support, and wellbeing of older adults in China.
Awareness and use of tranexamic acid in the management of postpartum hemorrhage among health care professionals in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Onwujekwe Ogochukwu , Mosanya Adaobi Uchenna , Ekwuazi Kingsley , Iyoke Chukwuemeka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the knowledge, practice, and barriers regarding the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) for the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) among health care providers in Enugu, Nigeria.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among health professionals (doctors, pharmacists, and nurses) in two Nigerian tertiary teaching hospitals (one federal and one state). A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed and 207 were returned (response rate: 94%) and analyzed using SPSS for inferential statistics with a level of significance of P < 0.05.ResultsOnly 23.7% of the respondents had good knowledge of TXA use in PPH (P < 0.001), and awareness of the recent World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation on the use of TXA for PPH was low (19.8%, P < 0.001). The majority of the respondents had neither prescribed nor dispensed TXA (30%, P < 0.001). Very few respondents used TXA for all cases of PPH (16.4%, P < 0.001). Barriers against its use include nonawareness of the latest WHO recommendation, preference for other uterotonics, and cost of the drug.ConclusionsThere was poor knowledge of TXA, poor awareness of its recommendation, and low use for PPH among different cadres of health care providers.
A Roadmap from Functional Materials to Plant Health Monitoring (PHM)
Authors: Babangida Abubakar A. , Uddin Azim , Stephen Kukwi Tissan , Yusuf Bashir Adegbemiga , Zhang Liqiang , Ge Daohan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoft bioelectronics have great potential for the early diagnosis of plant diseases and the mitigation of adverse outcomes such as reduced crop yields and stunted growth. Over the past decade, bioelectronic interfaces have evolved into miniaturized conformal electronic devices that integrate flexible monitoring systems with advanced electronic functionality. This development is largely attributable to advances in materials science, and micro/nanofabrication technology. The approach uses the mechanical and electronic properties of functional materials (polymer substrates and sensing elements) to create interfaces for plant monitoring. In addition to ensuring biocompatibility, several other factors need to be considered when developing these interfaces. These include the choice of materials, fabrication techniques, precision, electrical performance, and mechanical stability. In this review, some of the benefits plants can derive from several of the materials used to develop soft bioelectronic interfaces are discussed. The article describes how they can be used to create biocompatible monitoring devices that can enhance plant growth and health. Evaluation of these devices also takes into account features that ensure their long‐term durability, sensitivity, and reliability. This article concludes with a discussion of the development of reliable soft bioelectronic systems for plants, which has the potential to advance the field of bioelectronics.