bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four distinct approaches of effective learning functions
Authors: Tucker Elissa 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
The purpose of APQC's Current State of Learning and Development survey was to understand how organizations are approaching learning and development (L&D) today.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 300 L&D function leaders responded to the survey. Respondents represent organizations from across the globe and across industries, and of varied sizes in terms of revenue and headcount. The survey asked about attributes that APQC hypothesized would be associated with L&D function effectiveness given current business challenges.

Findings
Analysis of the survey results revealed that the most effective L&D functions, based on these attributes, set themselves apart with their learning cultures, knowledge management practices, use of learning technology and measurement of learning. Further analysis confirmed the hypothesis, showing these approaches are associated with positive learning outcomes such as shorter time to productivity for new hires, improvements in employee performance ratings and more internal transfers/hires.

Originality/value
The survey findings provide insight into four enablers of L&D function effectiveness today. L&D professionals can use these approaches to more effectively meet the latest learning needs within their organizations.
The salient stakeholders of industrial downsizing: the contribution of boundary object and systemic shock
Authors: Ferrary Michel 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
The identification of salient stakeholders remains an issue in stakeholder theory (ST). The articulation of ST with the concepts of boundary object and systemic shock contributes to tackle this point. A boundary object is the “stake” that aggregates a stable network of interdependent actors “holding” interest in it. They compromise to satisfy their interests and collectively reach an equilibrium.

Design/methodology/approach
In a deductive approach, to illustrate the conceptual framework, empirical evidence is provided by an in-depth case study based on semi-directive interviews and the secondary data (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2017) of an industrial downsizing that included massive dismissals and involves a multi-stakeholder network. I use a temporal bracketing methodology (Langley et al., 2013) to analyze the dynamic process of interactions between stakeholders. The evolution of interactions is analyzed before the public announcement, during the implementation of the downsizing, and after the closure. The case is Gamma-Alpha (GA), a large German pharmaceutical company, that decided to cut 1250 positions in its Geneva entity and to close the office.

Findings
This research contributes to the understanding of employment relationships through the lenses of ST. A managerial decision affecting a boundary object involving workers could lead to a systemic shock inducing network change that would require attention from managers in order to successfully implement their decision. It also highlights how and when stakeholders (employees, trade-unions, government, etc.) have more opportunities to influence firm behavior.

Originality/value
Our main contribution comes from enriching the literature on stakeholder theory with the concepts of boundary object and systemic shock, which results in a crucial conceptual advance: stakeholder saliency is not an intrinsic characteristic but depends on the boundary object that connects the stakeholder’s interests with those of the firm. Moreover, defining a systemic shock affecting the boundary object characterizes the event that triggers interactions between stakeholders and the dynamic evolution of the network.
Theme park reviews: how text mining cognitive characteristics and emotions can determine theme park image
Authors: Liu Yufei , Li Yunpeng , Ma Shihan (David) , Li Jingjing 
Published: January 2025

Graphical abstract

Purpose
The theme park industry has attracted wide attention and visitors’ perceptions are key to improving theme park management. Applying the cognitive-affective theory, this study aims to explore various cognitive attributes and affective attitudes and how they affect the overall theme park image.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed research method was used to analyze tourists’ cognitive, affective and overall evaluations of theme parks through text mining and logistic regression and to verify their internal relationships.

Findings
Study 1 confirms the impact of six features of theme parks, including food and beverage consumption, merchandising, spatiality, immersive technologies, interactive performances and thematization. Study 2 reveals that finer-grained emotions such as goodness, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear, joy and anger are present in visitor reviews. Study 3 confirms the significant influence of cognitive characteristics and emotions related to theme parks on the overall image through regression analysis. The findings carry meaningful implications for theme park managers, offering guidance on customer needs, perceived negative attributes and how to improve visitor experiences.

Originality/value
This study explores the attribute characteristics of cognitive and affective images of theme parks and their influence on the overall image, thereby enriching the research on the connotations of cognitive-affective theory. In particular, this study introduces and quantitatively analyses the concept of theme parks for the first time through a large-scale data analysis, which empirically reconciles the contradictions of previous reviews of different definitions of theme parks.
Population viability of the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea increases with population size but is not related to genetic diversity
Authors: Söderquist Linus , Dahlgren Johan P. , Sletvold Nina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Population size is a main indicator of conservation potential, thought to predict both current and long‐term population viability. However, few studies have directly examined the links between the size and the genetic and demographic properties of populations, using metrics that integrate effects across the whole life cycle.

In this study, we combined 6 years of demographic data with SNP‐based estimates of genetic diversity from 18 Swedish populations of the orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. We assessed whether stochastic growth rate increases with population size and genetic diversity, and used stochastic life table response experiment (SLTRE) analysis to evaluate how underlying vital rates contribute to among‐population variation in growth rate. For each population, we also estimated the probability of quasi‐extinction (shrinking below a threshold size) and of a severe (90%) decline in population size, within the next 30 years.

Estimates of stochastic growth rate indicated that 10 populations are declining, seven increasing and one population is approximately stable. SLTRE decomposition showed that low mean adult survival and growth characterized strongly declining populations, whereas high mean fecundity characterized strongly increasing populations.

Stochastic growth rate increased with population size, mainly due to higher survival in larger populations, but was not related to genetic diversity. One third of the populations were predicted to go extinct and eight populations to undergo a 90% decrease in population size in the coming 30 years. Low survival in small populations most likely reflects a positive association between local environmental conditions and population size.

Synthesis: The association between G. conopsea population size and viability was driven by variation in survival, and there was no sign that ongoing declines are due to genetic erosion. This suggests that large populations occur in favourable habitats that buffer effects of climatic variation. The results also illustrate that demographic metrics can be more informative than genetic metrics, regarding conservation priority.
The effects of community land trusts on neighborhood outcomes
Authors: Ali Omer , Raviola Sarah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe examine the spillover effects of community land trusts (CLTs) on nearby house prices and demographic composition. CLTs are nonprofits that promote affordable home‐ownership by holding the land in trust and selling the dwellings to income‐eligible households. We build a new data set of property acquisitions from 15 major CLTs, combined with data on housing transactions, demographics, and migration histories over the period 2000–2016. Results show that acquisitions stabilize or increase nearby home prices, even as broader neighborhood prices decline, with no detectable effect on resident displacement. Our findings suggest that CLTs can play a role in stabilizing neighborhoods with declining property values.
Genetic Mediators of Celiac Disease and Premature Ovarian Failure: Hypothyroidism and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hou Yuxi , Song Weihong , Wei Guoguo , Mo Yuanhang , Zhang Manna , Chen Xiaohu , Cao Chunge , Yue Chaoyan , Shao Xiaowen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundObservational studies suggested celiac disease (CD) possibly be a risk factor for premature ovarian failure (POF). However, causality remains unclear. And hypothyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus may be the mediating factors.MethodsWe performed 2‐sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) to infer a causal relationship between CD and POF using genome‐wide association study summary data obtained from IEU OpenGWAS database and FinnGen R12 database. Inverse‐variance weighted method was used as the main analysis of MR. Heterogeneity was measured based on Cochran's Q value. We used the Two‐Step MR to analyze whether hypothyroidism and SLE are mediators of the causal relationship between CD and POF. Summary level data of the hypothyroidism and SLE were obtained from IEU OpenGWAS.ResultsGenetically predicted CD may increase the risk of POF by 16% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06–1.26, p = 0.001). Hypothyroidism and SLE could mediate 13.46% and 26.36% of the association between CD and POF, respectively (p = 0.038, p = 0.025).ConclusionsOur study revealed that CD has a positive contribution effect on POF. CD can elevate the risk of POF by 16%. Besides, hypothyroidism and SLE played a partial mediating role in the causal relationship between the two.
Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy‐Directed Tongue Surgery to Treat Persistent Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kenneth Sims R. , Leeds Alexander , Johnson Grace , Davide Anna , Camacho Macario 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo systematically review the literature for articles evaluating outcomes of drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) directed tongue surgery in children with prior adenotonsillectomy and persistent or recurrent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to perform a meta‐analysis on the polysomnographic (PSG) data.DesignSystematic review and metanalysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines.Outcome MeasuresPrimary, post‐operative apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT); Secondary, surgical response rate.ResultsSeven studies (283 patients) met criteria and reported PSG outcome data for the systematic review. The mean ± standard deviation surgical response rate was 70.0% ± 17.0% [95% CI 67.6, 71.6]. Six of the seven studies (270 patients) reported specific pre‐ and post‐operative PSG data included in our meta‐analysis. The pre‐ and post‐operative AHI decreased from 9.5 ± 12.1 to 4.2 ± 6.9 events/h (p < 0.04) with a mean difference (MD) of −5.13 [95% CI ‐7.13, −3.13], Z‐score 5.02 (p < 0.00001). LSAT improved from 87.8 ± 5.7 to 90.1% ± 5.1% (p < 0.02) with a MD of 2.71 [95% CI 1.53, 3.89], Z‐score 4.51 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionExisting literature demonstrates DISE‐directed tongue surgery in children with persistent OSA can reduce AHI by approximately 50%, improve LSAT by nearly 3%, and have an overall positive response to surgery rate of 70%. There is collective evidence that DISE‐directed tongue surgery is effective; limitations include heterogeneity in reported outcomes influenced by confounding factors.
Striving for early effective glycaemic and weight management in type 2 diabetes: A narrative review
Authors: Cheng Alice Y. Y. , Heine Robert J. , Del Prato Stefano , Green Jennifer B. , Thieu Vivian Thuyanh , Zeytinoglu Meltem 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite the recognition by key guidelines that achieving early glycaemic control has important benefits in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and that addressing excess adiposity is one of the central components of comprehensive person‐centred T2D care, a substantial proportion of individuals with T2D do not meet their metabolic treatment goals. Prior treatment paradigms were limited by important treatment‐associated risks such as hypoglycaemia and body weight gain. Therefore, a more conservative, sequential approach to treatment was typically utilized. One potential consequence of this approach has been a missed opportunity to achieve a ‘legacy effect’, where early treatment to reach glycaemic targets is associated with enduring long‐term benefits in T2D. Additionally, while previous treatment approaches have addressed core defects in T2D, including insulin resistance and β‐cell function decline, they have been unable to address one of the underlying causal abnormalities—excess adiposity. Here, we review currently available evidence for the beneficial long‐term effects of early glycaemic control and management of body weight in people with T2D and discuss potential next steps.
Evaluation of Right and Left Ventricular Deformation Analysis in İdiopathic Right Bundle Branch Block by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Seçkin Göbüt Özden , Sezenöz Burak , Küçükbardaslı Muhammet , Yamak Betül Ayça , Ünlü Serkan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdiopathic right bundle branch block (RBBB) is often seen as harmless and common. However, many studies show it might be linked to negative health outcomes. So, it is crucial to fully understand how RBBB affects the heart's ventricles.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the right and left ventricular systolic functions in patients with idiopathic RBBB and compare them to those in a healthy control group.Material and MethodsEchocardiographic images were obtained from patients with idiopathic RBBB and healthy control participants. Conventional echocardiographic parameters were measured. Two‐dimensional (2D) speckle tracking strain analysis was used to assess deformation indices.ResultsThirty‐nine patients with idiopathic RBBB and 35 healthy participants were included in the study. There were no significant differences in the chamber dimensions of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) between the groups. LV ejection fraction (EF), RV fractional area change (FAC), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) measurements were similar between the groups. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−25.5 ± 5.7% vs. −22.1 ± 4.2%, p < 0.05), RV GLS (−26.9 ± 4.6% vs. −24.0 ± 4.4%, p < 0.05), and interventricular septum longitudinal strain (IVS LS) (−24.3 ± 4.9% vs. −19.1 ± 4.2%, p < 0.05) were significantly reduced in patients with idiopathic RBBB compared to controls, indicating impaired myocardial shortening. Significant differences were also observed in LV (15 [5–30] vs. 30 [20–60], p < 0.05) and RV (18 [7–35] vs. 36 [24–80], p < 0.05) mechanical dispersion, with the differences being more pronounced for the RV between the groups. LV torsion (2.1 ± 0.6 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5, p < 0.05) was also worse in patients with idiopathic RBBB.ConclusionOur findings show that idiopathic RBBB significantly affects the longitudinal strain and synchronization of both the LV and RV.
Morphospace disparity and species diversity in Sri Lankan phytophagous scarab beetles—A comparison by forest types, altitude and sites
Authors: Ranasinghe U. G. Sasanka L. , Eberle Jonas , Benjamin Suresh P. , Scherber Christoph , Ahrens Dirk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Species diversity and morphological disparity are often linked, especially in lineages with evolutionary success. For invertebrates, their relation is poorly investigated, particularly under various ecochorological scales.
Here, we explore thirteen assemblages of phytophagous scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Sri Lanka and infer patterns of morphospace and species diversity along forest types, elevation zones and sampling sites. Disparity of body size and shape was analysed based on 20 linear measurements, considering separately three major lineages: the entire assemblage and their two sister subclades, Sericini and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini.
Diversity and disparity were investigated in three sets of landscape partitioning, from regional to local scale: forest type, elevation zone and locality.
Results showed divergent patterns of lineages at different geographical scales. Morphospace divergence and occupancy exhibited two distinct patterns. For the entire assemblage and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini, the morphospace volume expressed by median centroid size decreased with increasing altitude. In contrast, Sericini demonstrated a more confined morphospace across different forest types and elevation zones. However, similar patterns were not found for the Shannon diversity. Disparity of morphological shape was significantly correlated with species diversity in all three chorological categories only for the entire assemblage, while in Sericini this correlation was recovered only at locality‐scale. Our results indicate that small changes in diversity are linked to small alterations in disparity, although significant shifts in diversity do not necessarily correspond to substantial disparity change.
Future research exploring the genealogical aspect of morphospace divergence should incorporate a phylogenetic framework, especially when comparing different systematic levels.
A Probabilistic View of Forbidden Links: Their Prevalence and Their Consequences for the Robustness of Plant–Hummingbird Communities
Authors: Duchenne François , Barreto Elisa , Guevara Esteban A. , Beck Holger , Bello Carolina , Bobato Rafaela , Bôlla Daniela , Brenes Emanuel , Büttner Nicole , Caron Ana P. , Chaves‐Elizondo Nelson , Gavilanes María J. , Restrepo‐González Alejandro , Castro Jose Alejandro , Kaehler Miriam , Machado‐de‐Souza Tiago , Machnicki‐Reis Miguel , Marcayata Andrés Sebastián F. , de Menezes Cauã G. , Nieto Andrea , de Oliveira Rafael , de Oliveira Ricardo A. C. , Richter Friederike , Rojas Bryan G. , Romanowski Luciele L. , de Souza Wellinton L. , Veluza Danila S. , Weinstein Ben , Wüest Rafael O. , Zanata Thais B. , Zuniga Krystal , Maglianesi María A. , Santander Tatiana , Varassin Isabela G. , Graham Catherine H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe presence in ecological communities of unfeasible species interactions, termed forbidden links, due to physiological or morphological exploitation barriers has been long debated, but little direct evidence has been found. Forbidden links are likely to make ecological communities less robust to species extinctions, stressing the need to assess their prevalence. Here, we used a dataset of plant–hummingbird interactions, coupled with a Bayesian hierarchical model, to assess the importance of exploitation barriers in determining species interactions. We found evidence for exploitation barriers between flowers and hummingbirds across the 32 studied communities; however, the proportion of forbidden links changed drastically among communities because of changes in trait distributions. The higher the proportion of forbidden links, the more they decreased network robustness because of constraints on interaction rewiring. Our results suggest that exploitation barriers are not rare in plant–hummingbird communities and have the potential to limit the rescue of species experiencing partner extinction.
A Novel Polymersome Nanocarrier Promotes Anti‐Tumour Immunity by Improved Priming of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Dress Regine J. , Ho William W. , Ho Victor , Lam Jian Hang , Décaillot Fabien M. , Sinsinbar Gaurav , Soo Jenetta , Rengasamy Gowshika , Khan Amit Kumar , Cornell Thomas Andrew , Chia Teck Wan , Venkataraman Shrinivas , Nallani Madhavan , Ginhoux Florent 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, in addition to standard immuno‐ or chemotherapy and surgical approaches, have massively improved the outcome for cancer patients. However, these therapies have their limitations and improved strategies, including access to reliable cancer vaccines, are needed. Here, we describe the use of self‐assembling artificial cell membrane (ACM) polymersomes to deliver tumour‐specific peptides to trigger sustainable and efficient anti‐tumour immune responses. We found that ACM polymersomes were highly efficient in targeting and activating mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) including dendritic cells (DC), while providing long‐term reservoirs of antigens for continued immune cell priming. Subcutaneous injection of ACM‐encapsulated tumour‐antigen‐peptides into tumour‐bearing mice resulted in improved priming of CD8+ T cells and increased generation of tumour‐antigen‐peptide specific CD8+ effector T cells. Prophylactic and therapeutic immunisation with ACM‐encapsulated peptides resulted in changes to the MNP composition in the tumour microenvironment, tumour regression and improved survival of immunised mice. Combining anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with ACM polymersome peptide delivery further boosted anti‐tumour immunity. Our results show that ACM polymersome nanocarriers efficiently instruct anti‐tumour immune responses offering a promising new approach for vaccination and cancer immunotherapy.Trial Registration: NCT05385991