bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral flow of African mantle below the nearby Tyrrhenian plate: geochemical evidence
Authors: Trua Teresa , Serri Giancarlo , Marani Michael P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe Quaternary magmatism of the Southern Tyrrhenian basin represents a rare example of an active volcanic arc system where ocean island basalt (OIB) and island arc basalt (IAB) magmas coexist. Although there is general agreement on the importance of the Ionian oceanic lithosphere subduction in the genesis of the IAB magmatism, the tectono‐magmatic processes producing the coexisting OIB magmas are still poorly understood. Here we show that the geochemistry of the Quaternary Southern Tyrrhenian OIB‐type magmatism (i.e. Ustica island and Prometeo, a previously unknown submarine lava field) is very similar to that of OIB‐type volcanoes situated on the nearby African plate (i.e. Etna and Hyblean Plateau). Among the possible geodynamic scenarios proposed to explain the coexistence of OIB and IAB magmas in arc settings, we consider the development of a tear at the edge of the Ionian plate as the more likely mechanism to favour the flow of African asthenospheric mantle below the Tyrrhenian plate.
Low‐latitude and multiple geomagnetic reversals in the Neoproterozoic Puga cap carbonate, Amazon craton
Authors: Trindade R. I. F. , Font E. , D'Agrella‐Filho M. S. , Nogueira A. C. R. , Riccomini C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPalaeomagnetic study of the carbonates that ubiquitously cap glacial deposits may constrain the latitudinal extent of Neoproterozoic glaciations and the duration of the greenhouse recovery. We present the first palaeomagnetic data on the Neoproterozoic cap carbonates covering the Amazon craton, which are folded along the Paraguay Belt. Samples collected at deformed beds along the Paraguay Belt present a single‐polarity secondary magnetization acquired by the end of the Brasiliano orogeny (540–520 Ma). In the cratonic area, a dual‐polarity component was isolated in dolostones at the base of the sequence. The presence of a stratabound reversal stratigraphy along with high unblocking temperatures strongly suggest that this magnetization is primary. This result implies a low palaeolatitude (22+6/−5°) for the Amazon block just after deposition of Puga diamictites. In addition, the presence of multiple reversals across the first 20 m of the cap carbonate sequence suggests that their sedimentation must have spanned hundreds of thousands of years at least.
Discovery of metamorphic diamonds in central China: an indication of a > 4000‐km‐long zone of deep subduction resulting from multiple continental collisions
Authors: Yang Jingsui , Xu Zhiqin , Dobrzhinetskaya Larissa F. , Green Harry W. , Pei Xianzhi , Shi Rendeng , Wu Cailai , Wooden Joseph L. , Zhang Jianxin , Wan Yusheng , Li Haibing 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe Central Orogenic Belt (COB) of China is a major continental collision zone that contains extensive outcrops of deeply subducted and exhumed rocks at both the eastern and the western end of the belt. Here we report discovery of microdiamonds from both eclogites and felsic gneisses in the North Qinling zone in the central portion of the COB. This discovery demonstrates that the country rocks of continental affinity shared in the ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) event and provides a bridge connecting the two previously recognized UHPM terranes, thereby establishing the existence of a UHPM belt extending more than 4000 km. Geochronological dating yields Early Palaeozoic ages in the west and Early Mesozoic ages in the east, recording two separate continental collisions overprinted within the COB. Occurrence of UHP metamorphism during recurrent continental collision here and in the Alps suggests that deep subduction of continental material during such collisions is probably common rather than exceptional, with significant implications for processes of plate tectonic reorganization and mantle mixing over time.
Physical models of magmatic intrusion during thrusting
Authors: Galland Olivier , De Bremond d'Ars Jean , Cobbold Peter R. , Hallot Erwan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTo investigate how magma rises through the brittle upper crust in a context of compressional tectonics, we have performed experiments on scaled physical models. Powdered silica (having a cohesion of 300 Pa and an angle of internal friction of 38°) was used to represent brittle crust. A vegetable oil (with a Newtonian viscosity of 10−2 Pa·s at 50 °C) was used to represent magma. A moving piston shortened the models in a box, while oil was injected steadily at the base. On cooling to room temperature, the oil solidified. The resulting intrusions were thin sills, dykes and laccoliths. Their shapes and emplacement modes depended on the ratio R between rates of shortening and injection. From shapes and orientations of intrusions, we infer that hydraulic fracturing was one mechanism of emplacement. Unconsolidated intrusions strongly influenced thrust formation. On the basis of our experiments, we suggest that magmas in orogenic belts can rise along thrust faults.
Large‐scale slope failure involving Triassic and Middle Miocene salt and shale in the Gulf of Cádiz (Atlantic Iberian Margin)
Authors: Maestro Adolfo , Somoza Luis , Medialdea Teresa , Talbot Christopher J. , Lowrie Allen , Vázquez Juan T. , Díaz‐del‐Río V. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSheets of salt and ductile shale advancing beyond the thrust front of the Gibraltar Arc (Iberian–Moroccan Atlantic continental margin) triggered downslope movements of huge allochthonous masses. These allochthons represent the Cádiz Nappe, which detached from the Gibraltar Arc along low‐angle normal faults and migrated downslope from the Iberian and Moroccan continental margins towards the Atlantic Ocean. Extensional tectonics initiated upslope salt withdrawal and downslope diapirism during large‐scale westward mass wasting from the shelf and upper slope. Low‐angle salt and shale detachments bound by lateral ramps link extensional structures in the shelf to folding, thrusting and sheets of salt and shale in the Gulf of Cádiz. From backstripping analyses carried out on the depocentres of the growth‐fault‐related basins on the shelf, we infer two episodes of rapid subsidence related to extensional collapses; these were from Late Tortonian to Late Messinian (200–400 m Myr−1) and from Early Pliocene to Late Pliocene (100–150 m Myr−1). The extensional events that induced salt movements also affected basement deformation and were, probably, associated with the westward advance of frontal thrusts of the Gibraltar Arc as a result of the convergence between Africa and Eurasia. The complexities of salt and/or shale tectonics in the Gulf of Cádiz result from a combination of the deformations seen at convergent and passive continental margins.
Laser microprobe 40Ar–39Ar analysis of pseudotachylyte and host‐rocks from the Tatra Mountains, Slovakia: evidence for late Palaeogene seismic/tectonic activity
Authors: Kohút Milan , Sherlock Sarah C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractLaserprobe 40Ar–39Ar data from fault‐related pseudotachylytes and granitic host‐rocks from the Tatra Mountains (Central Western Carpathians) resolve the controversy over the age of propagation of the sub‐Tatra detachment fault. This major structure has resulted in exhumation of crystalline basement to the north‐west, and subsidence and sediment deposition in the Palaeogene Central Carpathians Basin to the south‐east. Host‐rock biotite ages range from 331 Ma to 322 Ma, and pseudotachylyte spot ages range from 164 Ma to 28 Ma. Of these, the youngest group identify the maximum timing of the early stages of Tatra Mountains uplift, which continued in the Miocene (20–10 Ma) and culminated during the Quaternary. The wide‐ranging older ages are an artefact of an unsupported 40Ar component that is most likely a combination of both inherited and excess argon.
Reproductive cycles, larval mortality and population dynamics of a Late Cretaceous hippuritid association: a new approach to the biology of rudists based on quantitative three‐dimensional analysis
Authors: Götz Stefan , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang 
Published: December 2003

AbstractLate Cretaceous rudist bivalves have been well studied in terms of taxonomy, stratigraphy and sedimentological context, but their palaeobiological aspects are poorly known and important questions remain unanswered such as those relating to reproduction and population dynamics. The analysis of a three‐dimensional high‐resolution dataset allowed a detailed evaluation of the ecology and population dynamics of the rudist Hippuritella vasseuri (Douvillé). Our research demonstrates that significant turnover of generations and a stable packing rate characterizes stable and healthy ecological conditions whereas decreasing packing rate, increasing larval mortality and the arrival of non‐hippuritid organisms characterize an association in decline. H. vasseuri reproduced in a cyclical (annual or biannual) pattern, as shown in vertical projection by five equidistant peaks of larval recruitment density within 60 mm of section. Survival chances of rudist larvae appear to have been unrelated to initial available space for settling but are favoured by subsequent increasing space and a low number of coeval competitors.
Lithology, landscape dissection and glaciation controls on catchment erosion as determined by cosmogenic nuclides in river sediment (the Wutach Gorge, Black Forest)
Authors: Morel Philippe , Von Blanckenburg Friedhelm , Schaller Mirjam , Kubik Peter W. , Hinderer Matthias 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCosmogenic nuclides, measured in quartz from recent river bedload, provide a novel tool to quantify catchment‐wide erosion rates at geologically meaningful time scales. Here we present an analysis of the geomorphological evolution of the 350 km2 Wutach catchment in the uplands of the south‐west German Black Forest. The robustness of the method is demonstrated by the fact that, although the area was affected by river capture at 18 kyr bp, the formed gorge is so narrow that spatially averaged erosion rates were not resolvably perturbed. However, because cosmogenic nuclides preserve an erosion memory of several thousand years, the only perturbation introduced was detected in the minor areas that have been subject to the last maximum glaciation. In unglaciated areas, an important relationship between lithology and erosion can by quantified: sandstone lithologies erode at 12–18 mm kyr−1, granite lithologies at 35–47 mm kyr−1 and limestone lithologies (as deduced from river load gauging) at 70–90 mm kyr−1.
Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with c‐ANCA (h‐lamp‐2)
Authors: Hoffman Mark D. 
Published: December 2003

An 18‐year‐old African–American woman presented with a 3‐week history of painful ulcerations on her legs and trunk; she linked their onset to a fall and injury to the ankle. Well‐circumscribed hemorrhagic ulcerations with ragged borders were noted on the legs, thighs, hands, and breasts. A skin biopsy demonstrated abscess formation and focal dermal necrosis compatible with a diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum.A laboratory work‐up disclosed the following: white blood cells (WBC) 9.5 cells/mm3, hemoglobin 10.5 g/dL; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 33 mm/h (0–20); c‐ANCA (ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) titer 1 : 320. Further testing revealed that the ANCA targeted both human lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2 (h‐lamp‐2) (> 200 EIA units [< 10]) and bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) (21 EIA units [< 10]), but neither proteinase‐3 (PR3) nor myeloperoxidase (MPO). The ANCA isotypes were both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA. Urinalysis, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antiphospholipid antibodies, serum protein immunofixation electrophoreses, and chest X‐ray were unremarkable.Therapy with minocycline was initiated pending biopsy results, with a favorable but incomplete response. Oral prednisone was added at 0.6 mg/kg/day, resulting in closure of all lesions except those on the lower legs. These lesions resisted subsequent trials of topical nitroglycerine and clofazimine.During questioning the patient acknowledged having three loose stools daily. She also reported an isolated episode of blood in her stool. A colonoscopy was performed, ulcerative colitis was diagnosed, and therapy with mesalamine was begun. At the family's request, the prednisone was stopped, notwithstanding the persistence of ankle ulcerations, and oral tacrolimus was administered at 0.2/mg/kg/day, leading to further improvement. Tacrolimus‐induced hypomagnesemia and paresthesias precluded the use of higher doses, and this agent was discontinued. Reinstitution of prednisone combined with dapsone ultimately led to complete healing.
Drugs and Wells' syndrome: a possible causal relationship?
Authors: Seçkin Deniz , Demirhan Beyhan 
Published: December 2003

In April 1997, a 28‐year‐old woman presented with a 3‐day history of multiple papules and vesicles on the fingers and wrist of her right hand. She reported that she had been taking nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs containing tenoxicam and diclofenac sodium, and had no history of an insect bite. The medical history also included pruritic erythema on her trunk 1 month before her initial visit, and oral tenoxicam and diclofenac sodium treatment for ankle arthralgia 2 days before the skin lesions appeared. At that time, her dermatologist had told her that the skin lesions might be due to an insect bite and were secondarily infected. She took amoxicillin for the lesions, and during the following days developed bullous lesions on her hands and feet. The patient was diagnosed with ‘‘drug reaction’' at another hospital based on a histopathologic examination of the affected skin. Treatment with topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines was ineffective.Physical examination revealed a few crusted, erythematous, papular lesions on the dorsal aspects of the patient's feet, bullous lesions on her right wrist, and vesiculopapules on her fingers. She had no fever or other abnormal clinical findings.Laboratory studies showed a white blood cell count of 6000/mL with 16.5% eosinophils. A bacterial culture of the content of one of the bullous lesions was negative. The results of stool tests for parasites and ova were negative. Clinical and laboratory findings were in line with the diagnosis of drug reaction. The patient was advised not to take nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The skin lesions resolved rapidly on treatment with wet compresses of Burow's solution and oral prednisolone (40 mg/day). The dose of prednisolone was gradually reduced, and was discontinued after 3 weeks. The patient was readmitted in July 1997 for an indurated, erythematous plaque on her left foot, a lesion that resembled cellulitis. Her history at that time included the initiation of amoxicillin treatment for a gingival abscess 2 days before the skin lesion appeared. The lesion regressed after amoxicillin was discontinued and the patient received an intramuscular injection of triamcinolone acetonide.Several months later, in October 1997, she developed a similar cellulitis‐like lesion on her right ankle. This time there was no history of drug intake. We obtained a skin biopsy from the lesion, and histopathology revealed an intense eosinophilic infiltrate in the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. Flame figures were abundant (Fig. 1). We also observed edema and erythrocyte extravasation in the dermis. Based on these features and her history, a diagnosis of Wells' syndrome was made. The skin lesion resolved spontaneously, and she has experienced no lesion recurrence since.A characteristic ‘‘flame figure’' (hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification, × 230)image
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis unassociated with chemotherapy in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Roustan Gaston , Salas Clara , Cabrera Rafael , Simón Angel 
Published: December 2003

An 18‐year‐old female patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) M2 was treated between March and June 1998 with idarubicin, cytarabine, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. In June 1998, an autologous hematopoietic peripheral blood stem cell transplant was performed. The patient was asymptomatic without treatment until January 1999, when a relapse of AML was observed.In March 1999, when the patient was waiting for another allogenic hematopoietic transplantation, she presented to the Department of Dermatology, Clínica Universitaria Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, with an acute onset a few days previously of macular, slightly elevated, irregular patches with ill‐defined borders, confined to the anterior aspect of the trunk in a bilateral distribution, especially on both breasts (Fig. 1). The eruption was asymptomatic. The patient had not received any treatment of any kind in the preceding weeks before the appearance of the cutaneous lesions. She had received a blood transfusion 3 weeks previously. The patient also had a low‐grade fever (37.8 °C).Irregular, ill‐defined erythematous plaque on the right breastimageLaboratory investigations showed pancytopenia and a slight elevation of hepatic enzymes. The rest of the parameters were within the normal range. Blood cultures were negative.Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen taken from a cutaneous lesion showed a normal epidermis, a dermis with a sparse interstitial neutrophilic infiltrate, and a dense inflammatory infiltrate composed almost exclusively of neutrophils in and around the secretory portion of the eccrine glands (Fig. 2). The presence of necrotic epithelial cells was remarkable.Dense neutrophilic infiltrate affecting the whole secretory portion of an eccrine glandimageImmunohistochemical techniques and special staining for bacteria or fungi did not provide any additional data.The cutaneous eruption disappeared spontaneously in 2 weeks. An allogenic hematopoietic transplantation was performed. The patient died on day + 27 due to hepatic and pulmonary complications.
Laboratory and field evaluation of the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes to the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliv.) (Col.: Curculionidae)
Authors: Abbas M. S. T. , Saleh M. M. E. , Akil A. M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTen Egyptian and imported entomopathogenic nematodes were evaluated for their pathogenicity to R. ferrugineus in both the laboratory and the field. In the laboratory, most nematodes were pathogenic to the pest larvae, pupae and adults. Larvae and adults were more susceptible to nematode infection (mostly 100 % mortality) than pupae enclosed in their cocoons. In the field however, the highest insect larval mortality was 66.67 % and most of nematodes failed in controlling the pest. Such failure could be due to hot weather, the tunnelling behaviour of the pest larvae and the too much sap in the infested sites in the trunks of palm trees.
Influence of mixed biocide GCSC‐BtA on the pupae and adult stages of Apanteles plutellae Kurd. (Hym., Braconidae) and its host.  Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae)
Authors: Şengonca Ç. , Liu B. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the influence of the mixed biocide GCSC‐BtA on the pupal and adult stages of Apanteles plutellae Kurd. (Hym., Braconidae) and its host, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae). The results show that mortalities of the pupae of P. xylostella in the direct‐dip bioassay were 84.67 %, that of the adults in the residue bioassay at 1.2500 mg/ml concentration of GCSC‐BtA were 78.00 % which were significantly higher than the mortality values for the pupae with 54.62 % and adults with 48.13 % of A. plutellae. In contrast, cypermethrin showed extremely high toxicity to the pupae with 94.58 % and adults with 86.00 % mortality values of A. plutellae as compared to the low mortality values of 42.14 % for the pupae and 32.11 % for the adults of P. xylostella, with the same concentrations and bioassay methods. The LC50 values of GCSC‐BtA were 0.3402, 0.5516 and 1.2405, 1.9480 mg/ml for the pupae and adults of P. xylostella and A. plutellae, respectively, while the LC50 values for cypermethrin were 1.5652, 2.3471 and 0.1096, 0.1152 mg/ml, respectively. GCSC‐BtA was found more toxic to the pupae and adults of P. xylostella and safer to the pupae and adults of A. plutellae than cypermethrin. The possibilty of using GCSC‐BtA against P. xylostella under partial control by A. plutellae in vegetable fields is discussed.
Non‐target beetles (Coleoptera) in Trypodendron pheromone traps in Finland
Authors: Martikainen Petri 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNon‐target beetles were surveyed in Trypodendron pheromone traps in 3 localities in Finland. Two window traps baited with Trypolure, containing lineatin dissolved in ethanol, and one control trap without attractant were used in each locality. A total of 1648 specimens belonging to 223 non‐target species were recorded. The species were divided into five ecological groups to be treated separately. Hylurgops palliatus and Hylastes cunicularius were abundant in baited traps, whereas other scolytids as a group did not show clear attraction. Other species living in recently dead trees, including bark‐ and wood‐boring species and associated species (predators, scavengers, fungivores, etc.), were clearly attracted by Trypolure. The most abundant ones were Hylecoetes flabellicornis, Thanasimus formicarius, Rhizophagus dispar, and Rhizophagus nitidulus. Although numerous in the samples, saproxylic species inhabiting more decayed wood and non‐saproxylic species did not seem to be attracted. Grouping of species into ecological groups was helpful in the search for attraction patterns among species that usually are scarce in pheromone traps.
Parasitoids of Saperda populnea (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on aspen (Populus tremula L.) in Bulgaria
Authors: Georgiev G. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe parasitoids of Saperda populnea (L.) (Col.: Cerambycidae) were studied in Bulgaria during the period 1997 – 2001. Galls with pest larvae were collected from young aspen trees at eight locations (Sofia, Kokaliane, Plana, Churek, Gorni Lom, Gintzi, Dolno Kamartzi and Klisura) and examined under laboratory conditions. Four species were reared from 1118 galls containing overwintering pest larvae: Iphiaulax impostor (Scop.) (Hym.: Braconidae), Dolichomitus populneus (Ratz.), Schreineria populnea (Gir.) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) and Billaea irrorata (Meig.) (Dipt.: Tachinidae). All of the parasitoids were solitary. Schreineria populnea was found as a new parasitoid of the host in Bulgaria. B. irrorata emerged mainly from late‐stage S. populnea larvae; the remaining species from both early‐ and mid‐stage larvae. In the parasitoid complex of S. populnea, the most numerous were B. irrorata (59.8 %) and D. populneus (29.4 %). The percentage of host larval parasitism varied from 2.4 to 33.3, with an average of 9.7 %. B. irrorata was the most important in reducing the pest number. The average mortality of S. populnea caused by the tachinid was 5.8 %, and the highest mortality observed in individual study was 20.2 %.