bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli infection as a cause of diarrhea in young calves
Authors: Janke Bruce H. , Francis David H. , Collins James E. , Libal Melissa C. , Zeman David H. , Johnson Darrell D. , Neiger Regg D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A form of enteric Escherichia coli infection was identified in 60 calves from 59 farming operations. The E coli responsible for these infections principally colonized the colon, inducing a distinctive lesion described as attaching and effacing. Hemorrhagic enterocolitis or blood in the feces was observed on 40% of the farms. Of affected calves, 86.6% were dairy calves (average age, 11.8 days). Forty-four calves were infected concurrently with other enteropathogens (cryptosporidia, rotavirus, coronavirus, enterotoxigenic E coli, bovine viral diarrhea virus, coccidia). Verotoxin-producing E coli was recovered from 31 calves; 8 were serotype 0 111:NM isolates, 3 were serotype 05:NM, and 1 was serotype 026:NM.
Medical dissolution of feline struvite urocystoliths
Authors: Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. , Kruger John M. , Polzin David J. , Johnston Gary R. , Kroll Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The efficacy of a diet designed to facilitate dissolution of feline magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) uroliths was evaluated in 30 cases of urocystoliths, involving 27 cats. The number of urocystoliths per cat varied from 1 to 5. In 20 cases of urolithiasis, sterile struvite uroliths dissolved in a mean of 36 days after initiation of dietary treatment. In 5 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-negative bacterial urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 23 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. In 3 cases of urolithiasis, struvite urocystoliths associated with urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infection dissolved in a mean of 79 days after initiation of dietary and antimicrobial treatment. Dissolution of uroliths in cats fed the treatment diet was associated with concomitant remission of dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria, and reduction in urine pH and struvite crystalluria. In one case, a urocystolith composed of 100% ammonium urate, and in another case, a urolith composed of 60% calcium phosphate, 20% calcium oxalate, and 20% magnesium ammonium phosphate did not dissolve.
Persistence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs of New York and Connecticut
Authors: Magnarelli Louis A. , Anderson John F. , Schreier Alan B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Multiple blood samples were obtained from privately owned dogs living in tick-infested areas of New York (Westchester County) and Connecticut, where Lyme disease in human beings has been reported. Of the 175 dogs examined, 127 (72.6%) had limb/joint disorder, whereas the remaining 48 dogs were considered healthy. Results of analysis of 419 serum samples revealed IgM antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in healthy and lame dogs during all seasons. Prevalence of seropositivity was significantly (P < 0.01) greater, using a polyvalent elisa (89.5%) than using a class-specific elisa for IgM antibody (57.8%). Mean antibody titers obtained by use of polyvalent elisa were likewise higher than IgM titers. Analysis of paired serum samples from dogs with limb/joint disorder indicated that 118 (92.9%) remained positive for IgM or IgG antibodies when retested weeks or months after initial testing. In 48 dogs without history of joint involvement or other signs of disease, 43 (89.6%) had antibody to B burgdorferi 2 or more times. Serotest results also revealed little or no change in antibody titer for lame dogs given antibiotics or for healthy dogs 2 or more months after initial sample collection.
Potential for the spread of Fasciola hepatica in cattle in Oklahoma
Authors: Cheriuyot H.K. , Jordan Helen E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In 29 central and western Oklahoma counties, 42 ranches were investigated for indigenous Fasciola hepatica infections and their suitability for the transmission of liver fluke. A 10-year retrospective study of Oklahoma cattle based on samples submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory also was done.
Indigenous fascioliasis was found in cattle in 12 counties (9 central and western counties identified in the combined field and retrospective studies and 3 additional eastern counties identified on the basis of the retrospective study). Factors essential for survival of free-living stages of F hepatica and for snail species necessary for propagation of the fluke existed in much of Oklahoma. Snails capable of serving as intermediate hosts for transmission of the fluke reportedly have been found in 41 of the 77 Oklahoma counties. Lymnaeid snails were detected in 4 counties in the field study.
Methods for control of lamb epididymitis in large purebred flocks
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. , Bruss Michael L. , Anderson Bruce C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An autogenous, multivalent, adjuvanted bacterin for epididymitis was tested in flocks of 700 to 800 Suffolk X white-faced lambs. Long-term feeding of low dosages of antibiotics also was tested in the Suffolk flock. Both methods appeared to reduce the incidence of the disease. The incidence of clinical epididymitis and the number of positive culture results from clinically affected rams were significantly reduced.
Partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament of the stifle in dogs: 25 cases (1982-1988)
Authors: Scavelli Thomas D. , Schrader Steven C. , Matthiesen David T. , Skorup Dianne E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament was diagnosed in 25 dogs. In all dogs, the primary problem at the time of physical examination was hind limb lameness. The mean time from initial onset of lameness to diagnosis at exploratory surgery was 17 weeks. A cranial drawer sign was detected in 13 of the 25 dogs; in 9, the cranial drawer sign was evident only when the stifle was positioned in flexion. Of the 25 dogs, 12 had no detectable cranial drawer sign in response to manipulation of the involved stifle. In all dogs, lateral stifle arthrotomy was performed in routine manner, and the cranial cruciate ligament was found to be incompletely torn. Lesions identified during arthrotomy were rupture of the craniomedial band (n = 20 dogs), interstitial tear (n = 4 dogs), and rupture of the caudolateral band (n = 1 dog).
Preoperative measurement of canine primary bone tumors, using radiography and bone scintigraphy
Authors: Lamb Christopher R. , Berg John , Bengtson Amy E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Specimens of 20 canine primary bone tumors (18 osteosarcoma, 2 fibrosarcoma) were examined to compare the maximal axial length of gross tumor with the length of the lesion seen on preoperative radiographs and 99mTc methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphic images. Radiographs defined the length of the tumor to within ± 10% of the gross measurement for 6 (30%), underestimated it for 12 (60%), and overestimated it for 2 (10%) specimens. Bone scintigraphy defined tumor length within ± 10% for 8 (40%), underestimated it for 1 (5%), and overestimated it for the remaining 11 (55%) specimens. Use of radiographic evaluation alone could result in underestimation of the diaphyseal extent of a primary bone tumor, with risk of incomplete resection. Bone scan images tend to overestimate tumor length and, therefore, may provide safer resection guidelines.
Mastitis control services and utilization of milk somatic cell count data by veterinarians in Ohio
Authors: Hueston W. D. , Hoblet K. H. , Miller G. Y. , Eastridge M. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A telephone survey was conducted of 50 randomly selected Ohio-licensed veterinarians engaged in dairy practice. The survey's purpose was to determine the extent of mastitis control services offered by practitioners and to assess their utilization of milk somatic cell count (scc) data on individual cows available from the Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA). During the preceding year, 96% (48/50) of practitioners surveyed had performed bacteriologic culture of milk samples. Practitioners were twice as likely to have performed culture on milk from mastitic cows that failed to respond to treatment as they were to have performed culture for purposes of identifying pathogen trends within a herd. Veterinarians in predominantly dairy practices were more likely to have completed bacteriologic examination of milk in their own laboratories than were veterinarians who were engaged in <50% dairy practice (P = 0.016). Most veterinarians (83%) reported that coagulase test results were available or that Staphylococcus aureus was differentiated from other staphylococcal species. Streptococcus agalactiae was not differentiated from other streptococcal species by 35% of practitioners surveyed.
For veterinarians with clients enrolled in the dhia, 91% (43/47) reported looking at, discussing, or otherwise using the dhia records. Eighty-one percent (35/43) of veterinarians who had clients using services from the dhia reported that clients also received individual cow milk scc results. Veterinarians engaged in predominantly dairy practice expressed a greater familiarity with the linear score method of scc reporting than did veterinarians whose practices were <50% dairy (P = 0.085); however, both groups reported a preference for raw scc data. Veterinarian response regarding potential use of dhia scc data was compared with that obtained in a companion survey of Ohio dairy producers. Veterinarians were more likely than producers to consider use of scc from individual cows to select cows for culture and to establish a milking order. Although several results of our survey indicated current high veterinary involvement in mastitis control and dhia record utilization, other trends supported concerns regarding the future of veterinarian involvement in food animal health management.
Seroepidemiologic survey of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses of northern California
Authors: Madigan John E. , Hietala Sharon , Chalmers Stephanie , DeRock Elfriede 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The prevalence of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses from the foothill regions of northern California and from the Sacramento valley (non-foothill area) was determined, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Horses from foothill regions had a higher prevalence of seropositivity (10.4%) and higher titer (1:10 to 1:80) than did those from non-foothill regions (3.1%; titer ≤ 1:10). Fifty percent of healthy horses on a foothill farm enzootic for E equi had titer to E equi, suggesting that infection with E equi can be subclinical. Six veterinarians surveyed from northern California diagnosed clinical E equi infection in 38 horses during 1985-1986 based on clinical signs of infection and observation of E equi inclusion bodies in neutrophils on blood smears.
Cytologic analysis of tracheal wash specimens and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis of mycotic infections in dogs
Authors: Hawkins Eleanor C. , DeNicola Dennis B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analyses were performed in 9 dogs that had mycotic infections with pulmonary involvement. Characteristic organisms were identified in tracheal wash fluid in 3 of 7 dogs with blastomycosis. Organisms were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 5 of 7 dogs with blastomycosis and in one dog with histoplasmosis. Organisms were not found in either fluid in one dog with coccidioidomycosis. These procedures should be considered for dogs with suspected mycotic infections that involve the lungs and that cannot be diagnosed by less invasive means.
Epizootiologic association between feline immunodeficiency virus infection and feline leukemia virus seropositivity
Authors: Cohen N. D. , Carter C. N. , Thomas M. A. , Lester T. L. , Eugster A. K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Five hundred twenty-one feline serum samples submitted to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory between Nov 1, 1988, and Jan 31, 1989 were tested for antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) by use of an elisa. The prevalence of fiv infection in this population was 11.3% (95% confidence interval: 8.6 to 14.0%). Serologic test results for FeLV were available for 156 of the 521 cats. A significant (P = 0.008) association between fiv infection and FeLV seropositivity was observed; FeLV-positive cats were nearly 4 times more likely to be seropositive for fiv than were FeLV-negative cats. The association remained statistically significant (P = 0.021) after adjusting for age and gender, using multiple-logistic regression analysis.
Investigation of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in a range beef cattle herd
Authors: Kelling Clayton L. , Stine Lisa C. , Rump Kristine K. , Parker Robert E. , Kennedy Jane E. , Stone Roger T. , Ross Gary S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections resulting in clinical disease developed in calves, despite vaccination of dams and high maternal bvdv antibody titers in calves. Eight persistently injected (pi) calves born to immunocompetent dams were identified in the herd. Neutralizing bvdv antibody titers of pi calves had decreased greatly by the time the calves were 1 to 2 months old. Antibody titers of pi calves decreased more rapidly than antibody titers of calves that were not pi. Reduced antibody titers in pi calves allowed detection of bvdv in serum specimens of all pi calves by the time they were 8 weeks old. Persistent infection in suspect calves was detectable serologically and was confirmed by virologic examination of serum specimens 4 months after weaning, when the calves were 9 months old. Growth rates were reduced in viremic calves.
Patterns of uterine prolapse in dairy cows and prognosis after treatment
Authors: Gardner Ian A. , Reynolds James P. , Risco Carlos A. , Hird David W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A 12-month study was undertaken in a 9-veterinarian dairy practice to determine patterns of uterine prolapse and factors associated with posttreatment survival. Of 220,000 cows in herds visited by veterinarians from the practice, 200 (0.09%) developed prolapses mostly (155/169 with data) in the first 24 hours after calving. Most cows (130/200) had prolapses during fall and winter months, and assistance was required in 47 of 200 calvings that resulted in prolapses.
Treatment of affected cows (n = 196) consisted of cleansing and replacement of the uterus, insertion of perivulvar retention sutures, local and systemic administration of antibiotics, and parenteral administration of dexamethasone and oxytocin. Calcium was administered to cows with milk fever (n = 117) and to multiparous cows without milk fever attended by veterinarian 9 (n = 8). Crude recovery rate after 2 weeks was 72.4%, but recovery was significantly better if the calf was born alive (P = 0.001), the cow was primiparous (P = 0.03), the cow did not have stage-3 milk fever (P = 0.003), or if the cow was attended by veterinarian 9 (P = 0.01). Time to treatment was not significantly associated with recovery, but affected cows were treated mostly (127/156) within 2 hours of occurrence of the prolapse. By multivariable analysis, presence of a liveborn calf, parity, and lack of stage-3 milk fever, but not attending veterinarian, were significant (P < 0.05) prognostic indicators of 2-week survival.
Comparison of the effect of pneumonia detected during lifetime with pneumonia detected at slaughter on growth in swine
Authors: Noyes Elizabeth P. , Feeney Daniel A. , Pijoan Carlos 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pneumonia in swine has been studied mainly at slaughter or necropsy. However, when performing slaughter or postmortem examinations, assessment of the true prevalence or lifetime extent of pneumonia is at best speculative. Radiography was used to evaluate lungs from pigs 21 to 150 days old. Follow-up slaughter examination was performed on pigs 180 days old. Individual percentage of pneumonia observed over the life of each pig and at slaughter were added to yield lifetime pneumonia scores. A significant (P = 0.0001) negative effect of lifetime pneumonia on growth rate was found. By comparison, slaughter examination proved to be a poor indicator of lifetime pneumonia; lesions were found to progress and regress dynamically throughout the life of pigs.
Cardiac arrhythmias identified in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis: Six cases (1985-1988)
Authors: Cornick Janyce L. , Seahorn Thomas L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
During a 3½-year period, cardiac arrhythmias were identified in 6 of 67 horses diagnosed with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis (dpj). Arrhythmias were detected by auscultation of irregular cardiac rhythm and subsequently were characterized by electrocardiographic evaluation. Arrhythmias included frequent second-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular ectopic depolarizations, and atrioventricular conduction disturbance. In 4 horses, arrhythmias resolved with recovery from the primary problem. One horse died suddenly 66 hours after admission, and another was euthanatized at 72 hours after admission.
Clinical and laboratory data from horses with dpj and cardiac arrhythmias (group l) were compared with findings for horses with dpj and without arrhythmias (group 2). Group-1 horses had significantly (P <0.05) higher serum bicarbonate concentration and serum creatine kinase activity.
Normal sinus rhythm returned in all 4 group-1 horses that recovered from dpj, suggesting a causal relationship between dpj and the arrhythmias. Two group-1 horses were necropsied, and both had myocarditis. The cause of these lesions was not determined.
Clinical and electrocardiographic characterization of cattle with atrial premature complexes
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Muir William W. , Bonagura John D. , Rings D. Michael , St. Jean Guy 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Atrial premature complexes (apc) were identified in 16 cows over a 2-year period. Fourteen cows had concurrent gastrointestinal disease. Variation in the intensity of the first heart sound and an occasionally irregular heart rhythm were evident during thoracic auscultation. Neither cardiac murmurs nor pulse deficits were detected in any cows, and clinical signs of heart failure were lacking. Three cows had apc immediately prior to or after development of atrial fibrillation.
The heart rate when apc were diagnosed ranged from 48 to 124 beats/min (mean, 77 ± 20 beats/min), and the apc frequency ranged from < 1 to 23/min (mean 9.4 ± 8.0). The P-wave morphologic characteristics in 4 cows with apc was abnormal. The coupling index of the apc varied between 0.44 and 0.95, with a mean of 0.73. Aberrant ventricular activation was usually associated with a short coupling interval (coupling index < 0.60) and was observed in 3 cows.
Ten cows were determined to be hypocalcemic and 4 cows hypokalemic when apc were identified. Atrial ectopic activity could not be detected in 12 cows after resolution of the concurrent gastrointestinal disorder or electrolyte abnormality. Atrial premature complexes may be a functional cardiac disorder in cattle, unrelated to structural heart disease. The potential for apc to progress to sustained atrial arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation should be considered.
Iatrogenic fractures of ribs and vertebrae during delivery in perinatally dying calves: 235 cases (1978-1988)
Authors: Schuijt G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
To determine the pathogenesis of vertebral fractures in calves during the perinatal period, a retrospective study was done to determine the relationships between clinical factors at dystocia and the findings during necropsy of 235 perinatally dying calves. It was concluded that excessive traction is the most important cause of rib and vertebral fractures in the calf during dystocia. Vertebral fractures in perinatally dying calves may not be simply judged as a sign of asphyxia. The occurrence of vertebral fractures is highly correlated with the type of delivery and the force of traction. The veterinarian as well as the type of calf also are influencing factors. More perinatally dying calves were delivered after hips were locked, when extraction had been forced, or through induction of trauma when the head of the calf had the pelvic canal during the first obstetric examination. Consequently, fetal position at delivery may predispose calves to risky extractions and to the risk of perinatal death secondary to trauma. In light calves, significantly more vertebral fractures occurred during extractions than in other calves. Therefore, the veterinarian should accurately estimate the birth weight of the calf and the force of traction that should be applied.
Effect of nonthyroidal illness on serum thyroxine concentrations in cats: 494 cases (1988)
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Gamble David A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
We reviewed the medical records of 494 cats with a variety of nonthyroidal diseases in which serum thyroxine (T4) concentration was determined as part of diagnostic evaluation. The cats were grouped by category of disease (ie, renal disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, focal neoplasia, systemic neoplasia, hepatopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory pulmonary disease, miscellaneous diseases, or undiagnosed disease), degree of illness (ie, mild, moderate, or severe), survival (ie, lived, died, or euthanatized), and presence or absence of a palpable thyroid gland. The mean (± sd) serum T4 concentrations in all 10 groups of cats, which ranged from 10.5 ± 11.1 nmol/L in cats with diabetes mellitus to 18.7 ± 7.8 nmol/L in cats with focal neoplasia, were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those of normal cats (27.0 ± 10.4 nmol/L). The number of ill cats with low serum T4 concentrations (<10 nmol/L) was highest in the cats with diabetes mellitus (59%), hepatopathy (54%), renal failure (48%), and systemic neoplasia (41%). When the serum T4 concentrations in cats with mild, moderate, and severe illness were compared, mean concentrations were progressively lower (21.3 ± 6.8, 14.8 ± 8.1, and 6.5 ± 5.8 nmol/L, respectively) as degree of illness increased. Severity of illness had a more significant (P < 0.001) effect in lowering serum T4 concentrations than did disease category. Mean serum T4 concentrations in the cats that died (7.8 ± 9.8 nmol/L) or were euthanatized (10.0 ± 7.0 nmol/L) were also significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those of cats that survived (15.2 ± 8.8 nmol/L). Of the 182 cats with low serum T4 concentrations, 74 (41%) died or were euthanatized. The 63 cats with palpable thyroid nodules had significantly (P < 0.001) higher mean serum T4 concentrations (21.7 ± 10.4 nmol/L) than the cats in which a thyroid nodule was not palpated (12.7 ± 8.1 nmol/L). Adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid gland was confirmed at necropsy in 2 cats with a palpable thyroid gland, and 4 cats that survived have subsequently developed overt hyperthyroidism. This suggests that, in some cats with early or mild hyperthyroidism, concomitant nonthyroidal disease may suppress serum T4 concentrations into the normal range.
Pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs: 47 cases (1986-1987)
Authors: LaRue M.J. , Murtaugh R.J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 47 dogs with pulmonary thromboembolism were reviewed. Middle-aged to older dogs predominated and dyspnea and arterial hypoxemia were consistent clinical findings. Thoracic radiographic findings were variable. Cardiac disease, neoplasia, hyperadrenocorticism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and sepsis were identified most frequently. Multiple disease processes were identified in 64% of the dogs.