bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphoma‐ and leukemia‐associated chromosomal translocations in healthy individuals
Authors: Janz Siegfried , Potter Michael , Rabkin Charles S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractChromosomal translocations (CTs) are hallmark mutations of hematopoietic malignancy that result in the deregulated expression of oncogenes or the generation of novel fusion genes. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to detect illegitimate recombinations of genomic DNA sequences as a more sensitive assay than cytogenetics for determining the presence of CTs. Both direct DNA‐PCR and reverse transcriptase‐PCR were used to examine healthy individuals for lymphoma‐ and leukemia‐associated CTs. Two oncogene‐activating CTs [t(14;18)(q32;q21) and t(8;14)(q24;q32)] and one fusion‐gene CT [t(2;5)(p23;q35)] from lymphomas and five fusion‐gene CTs from leukemia [t(9;22)(q34;q11), t(4;11)(q21;q23), t(15;17)(q22;q11), t(12;21)(p13;q22), t(8;21)(q22;q22)] were detected in such studies. The biological implication is that CTs associated with malignant tumors may also be found in cells that are not neoplastic. CTs are characteristic attributes of neoplastic clones but are by themselves insufficient to cause malignant transformation. A better understanding of the special biology of non‐neoplastic CT‐bearing cells will provide insight into their putative role as tumor precursors. Prospective epidemiological studies are needed to determine whether such cells in healthy individuals may, in some instances, become clonogenic founders of lymphoma or leukemia. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of dimensionless numbers in wave analysis
Authors: Mishra Surendra Kumar , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDimensionless numbers, including the Reynolds number Re, the wave number $\hat{\sigma}$, the Froude number Fo, the quasi‐shallow wave number $\hat{\sigma}_{\rm v}$, the kinematic wave number K, Vedernikov number V, and others, are frequently encountered in analytical and numerical analyses of waves occurring in frictional and frictionless channels. Depending on their derivation, these numbers can be classified into physical, geometrical, derived, input‐based numbers, and their combinations. It can be shown that (a) the waves under friction are primarily governed by Re, pointing to friction laws and, consequently, the rating exponent; (b) the wave number characterizes the wave type for a given Re; (c) the numbers describing the reference state of flow do not have the efficacy of characterizing a wave type on its own, e.g. Fo that describes the significance of inertial forces in wave motion; (d) coupling of Fo with $\hat{\sigma}$ produces a more efficacious number K; (e) Vedernikov number V, a combination of the rating exponent or, in turn, Re and Fo, is more powerful than either Re or Fo; and (f) the numbers emanating from analytical solutions describe the wave types, whereas those emanating from numerical analyses usually prescribe the limits for stable solutions, such as Courant number Cr and cell Reynolds number D. The significance of these numbers is described using the case of evolution and propagation of a dam‐break flood wave. Furthermore, it is shown that as $\hat{\sigma}$ forms the basic unit of shallow wave description, then quasi‐shallow waves are described by the quasi‐shallow wave number $\hat{\sigma}_{\rm v}$, the wave length parameter normalized by the normal depth of flow. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delineating protein–protein interactions via biomolecular interaction analysis–mass spectrometry
Authors: Nedelkov Dobrin , Nelson Randall W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe utility of biomolecular interaction analysis–mass spectrometry (BIA/MS) in screening for protein–protein interactions was explored in this work. Experiments were performed in which proteins served as ligands for screening of possible interactions with other proteins from human plasma and urine. The proteins utilized were beta‐2‐microglobulin, cystatin C (cysC), retinol binding protein (RBP), transthyretin (TTR), alpha‐1‐microglobulin, C‐reactive protein, transferrin and papain. The immobilization of functionally active proteins was confirmed via interactions with antibodies to the corresponding proteins. Various dilutions of human urine and plasma were injected over the protein‐derivatized surfaces. It was observed that the urine injections generally yielded smaller SPR responses than those observed after the plasma injections. The BIA/MS experiments did not reveal novel protein–protein interactions, although several established interactions (such as those between RBP and TTR, and cysC and papain) were validated. Few protein ligand deficiencies (such as truncations) leading to false negative and false positive BIA/MS results were also discovered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BEPITOPE: predicting the location of continuous epitopes and patterns in proteins
Authors: Odorico Michael , Pellequer Jean‐Luc 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn growing need of obtaining highly specific monoclonal antibodies against novel proteins, we developed new functions implemented in the program BEPITOPE to predict continuous protein epitopes. This program not only can compute, combine, display and print prediction profiles, but also provides a list of suggested linear peptides to be synthesized. Novel facilities incorporated in BEPITOPE include the treatment of a whole genome, the search for a user‐defined pattern, and the combination of prediction to pattern profiles. This latter approach is useful to remove unwanted predictions such as those including glycosylation sites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of epitope‐related and ‐unrelated peptides with anti‐p24 (HIV‐1) monoclonal antibody CB4‐1 and its Fab fragment
Authors: Welfle Karin , Misselwitz Rolf , Höhne Wolfgang , Welfle Heinz 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe binding of four epitope‐related peptides and three library‐derived, epitope‐unrelated peptides of different lengths (10–14 amino acids) and sequence by anti‐p24 (HIV‐1) monoclonal antibody CB4‐1 and its Fab fragment was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry. The binding constants KA at 25 °C vary between 5.1 × 107 M
−1 for the strongest and 1.4 × 105 M
−1 for the weakest binder. For each of the peptides complex formation is enthalpically driven and connected with unfavorable entropic contributions; however, the ratio of enthalpy and entropy contributions to ΔG0 differs markedly for the individual peptides. A plot of −ΔH0 vs −TΔS0 shows a linear correlation of the data for a wide variety of experimental conditions as expected for a process with ΔCp much larger than ΔS0. The dissimilarity of ΔCp and ΔS0 also explains why ΔH0 and TΔS0 show similar temperature dependences resulting in relatively small changes of ΔG0 with temperature. The heat capacity changes ΔCp upon antibody–peptide complex formation determined for three selected peptides vary only in a small range, indicating basic thermodynamic similarity despite different key residues interacting in the complexes. Furthermore, the comparison of van't Hoff and calorimetric enthalpies point to a non‐two‐state binding mechanism. Protonation effects were excluded by measurements in buffers of different ionization enthalpies. Differences in the solution conformation of the peptides as demonstrated by circular dichroic measurements do not explain different binding affinities of the peptides; specifically a high helix content in solution is not essential for high binding affinity despite the helical epitope conformation in the crystal structure of p24. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal modulation of the El Niño–southern oscillation relationship with sea level pressure anomalies over the North Atlantic in October–March 1873–1996
Authors: Moron V. , Gouirand I. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe seasonal modulation of the relationship between the sea‐level pressure anomalies (SLPAs) over the North Atlantic region (100°W–50°E; 20–70°N) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Pacific (120–290°E; 20°N–20°S) is investigated in the northern winter (October to March) from 1873 to 1996, using singular‐value decomposition and composite analyses. Both methods show that the pattern of the North Atlantic SLPA associated with the tropical Pacific SSTA in November–December is different from that found in January–March. The surface covered by a significant SLPA is larger in November–December and February–March than in January. In November–December, the warm El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) events are associated with negative SLPAs extending from the Hudson Bay to Scandinavia and positive SLPAs over the Azores high. The cold ENSO events are associated with a positive SLPA between Greenland and western Europe. In January, and mainly in February–March, the warm ENSO events are associated with a positive SLPA north of 50°N and a negative SLPA extending from the southeastern USA toward western and central Europe. The cold ENSO events exhibit almost reversed SLPA patterns. The change between November–December and January–March is also observed at the hemispheric scale. In November–December, the SLPAs associated with the warm minus cold ENSO composite form a hemispheric north–south dipole pattern with positive (negative) anomalies south (north) of 40–45°N. In January–March, the SLPA pattern associated with the warm minus cold ENSO composite is close to the tropical Northern‐Hemisphere pattern. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Spatial and temporal comparisons of droughts over Korea with East Asia
Authors: Min Seung‐Ki , Kwon Won‐Tae , Park E‐Hyung , Choi Youngeun 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTo investigate the spatial and temporal relationships of drought occurrence and intensity between Korea and East Asia, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), calculated from Climatic Research Unit (CRU) monthly precipitation data, was used from 1951 to 1996. It is found that the frequency of occurrence of droughts in Korea has significant time intervals of 2–3 and 5–8 years and has been increasing since the 1980s. Correlation and composite analyses showed that the occurrence of droughts over central eastern China, Manchuria, and the north coast of Japan was highly correlated with those in Korea. However, the time scales of occurrence of droughts over the three regions were different. Droughts in eastern China represented in‐phase variations with those in Korea with a time interval of 5–8 years, whereas those in Manchuria occurred with a time interval of 15 years, and those in Japan had no coincident variations.To assess the feasibility of usage of proxy climate data in eastern China for the research of droughts in Korea during the pre‐instrumental period, dry–wet indices in six regions of eastern China were correlated to the SPI values in Korea for the period of 1951–92 considering several time scales. Dry–wet indices of region V showed a larger correlation and the most similar trend to the droughts in Korea with a time scale of 5–11 years. This suggested an effective utilization of historical records and other proxy data in eastern China to understand extreme climatic events in Korea for the past 500 years. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
An investigation of the physical and socioeconomic determinants of soil erosion in the Hararghe Highlands, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Daba S. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe vicious poverty–environmental spiral commonly exists due to the interconnectedness of the socioeconomic aspects of farmers and land degradation. The socioeconomic situation of farmers affects their capabilities to implement environmentally viable soil and water conservation measures. These situations include farm practices and attitudes toward rational use of resources. An observational study was conducted to have an insight of the perception of farmers about the danger of gully erosion and their willingness to adopt new improved soil and water conservation measures. The variables studied included literacy, location of farm within the landscape, major land use, the severity of water scarcity, means of traction, perception, type of soil and water conservation measure in use, willingness to adopt new soil and water conservation measures and type of incentives needed for adopting new soil and water conservation measures. The variables studied were coded using dummy variable coding techniques and were subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using canonical correlation, logistic regression and discriminant analysis. Results suggest that perception about the danger of gully erosion is significantly correlated to severity of water scarcity, location of farm within the landscape and literacy of farmers. Willingness to adopt a new or improved soil and water conservation measure is strongly related to fertilizer availability as an incentive and to the literacy of the farmers. It is concluded that under Hararghe Highland conditions, design and implementation of soil and water conservation measures should take into account farmers' priorities such as alleviation of the water scarcity problem. Moreover, successful implementation of an improved or new measure of soil and water conservation measure is contingent upon the availability of incentives, primarily fertilizers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rural household responses to fuelwood scarcity in Nyando District, Kenya
Authors: Mahiri I. O. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe fuelwood debate over supply–demand balances is well rehearsed; and the use of simplistic linear models to explain supply–demand differentials hardly captures the complex patterns of use and dynamics of fuelwood in the rural household. This paper shows that households in Nyando District have evolved sophisticated local response mechanisms and strategies in coping with the fuelwood scarcity. Data collected through a multi‐method approach revealed, among others, a higher percentage of planted trees in Kochogo than in Awasi study sites. Despite this high proliferation of trees, rural households in Kochogo still identified fuelwood scarcity as a growing problem. The seeming ‘abundance’ of trees is not synonymous with the supply of fuelwood, or the alleviation of fuelwood scarcity. Rural households in Kochogo therefore resort to the market to purchase fuelwood, as well as adapt various fuel‐saving strategies and mechanisms to cope with the apparent scarcity. The purchase of crop residues from the market is a strong indicator of this scarcity, being simply lack of access to or entitlement to trees. The situation is different in Awasi, where there is a higher percentage of natural trees and clump bushes, which provide a relative abundance of fuelwood. This condition has encouraged local households not to keep a stock of fuelwood, but simply to collect from nearby bushes when required. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of three 11p11.2 candidate liver tumor suppressors through analysis of known human genes
Authors: Ricketts Sharon L. , Carter Jennifer C. , Coleman William B. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe have previously mapped a liver tumor suppressor locus to human chromosome 11p11.2‐p12 using a functional model of tumor suppression. Using this model system, we have employed a candidate gene approach to identify potential liver tumor suppressor genes. Thirty‐eight known genes have been positioned in human 11p11.2‐p12 by the Human Genome Project. Here we show that four of these genes (guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 3; mitochondrial carrier homolog 2; p53‐induced protein (PIG11), and pRDI‐BF1‐rIZ1 domain containing 11) localized to the minimal liver tumor suppressor region within 11p11.2‐p12. In fact, all of these genes mapped to human 11p11.2, allowing refinement of the liver tumor suppressor region to this cytogenetic band. Three of the four genes (mitochondrial carrier homolog 2, PIG11, and pRDI‐BF1‐rIZ1 domain containing 11) were uniformly expressed by an index panel of suppressed microcell hybrid cell lines, identifying them as candidate liver tumor suppressor genes. In a preliminary analysis of four human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, SNU398, and SNU449), the transcript for PIG11 was lost or significantly decreased in two of these cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B), suggesting the potential involvement of PIG11 in some human hepatocellular carcinomas. The results of this study extended our previous knowledge of genes located in the minimal liver tumor suppressor region of human 11p11.2 and identified several candidate liver tumor suppressor genes from this region. Further characterization of these candidates will provide new insight into the role of human 11p11.2 in the molecular pathogenesis of human liver cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐performance bismaleimide matrices: cure kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Rozenberg Boris A. , Dzhavadyan Emma A. , Morgan Roger , Shin Eugene 
Published: January 2003

AbstractKinetics and mechanism of equifunctional 4,4′‐(N,N′‐bismaleimide)‐diphenylmethane/2,2′‐diallyl‐bisphenol A (BMDM/DABPA) and model (phenylmaleimide/2,2′‐diallylphenol) (PMI/AP) systems have been studied in the temperature range 140–400 °C using IR‐, 1H‐ and ­13C‐NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GCMS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal calorimetry. It was established that the cure mechanism consists a unique combination of step‐wise and chain polymerization and polycondensation reactions: step‐wise “ene” addition reaction of allyl group to maleimide one and consecutive/parallel chain polymerization of maleimide and propenyl groups generated by first reaction. The latter reaction is the main crosslinking reaction. The second source of crosslinking is a dehydration reaction of phenol groups that proceeds with mandatory participation as one of the component 1:1 adduct (product of step‐wise polymerization). Homopolymerization of maleimide groups proceeds autocatalytically under the action of free radicals generated by thermal decomposition of maleimide‐propenyl groups' donor–acceptor pairs. Steric hindrance in 2,2′‐diallyl‐bisphenol A prevents the reversible Diels–Alder reaction but this reaction proceeds in model systems. Some thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the reactions are determined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer‐encapsulated engineered adult mesenchymal stem cells secrete exogenously regulated rhBMP‐2, and induce osteogenic and angiogenic tissue formation
Authors: Zilberman Yoram , Turgeman Gadi , Pelled Gadi , Xu Nong , Moutsatsos Ioannis K. , Hortelano Gonzalo , Gazit Dan 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe have previously shown that genetically engineered adult mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) expressing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein –2 (rhBMP‐2), under tet‐regulation, can induce bone formation and regeneration. We showed that these cells induce bone formation via paracrine and autocrine effect of the secreted rhBMP‐2 protein. To distinguish between these two effects, and to develop a platform for continuous delivery of rhBMP‐2 by engineered cells protected from the immune system, we have used hydrogel polymer (alginate) in order to encapsulate the AMSCs. Mixing of the cells with potassium alginate, followed by sedimentation in Ca2+ solution, results in polymerization of the alginate around the cells, forming microcapsules composed of a membrane allowing diffusion of small molecule and proteins. Encapsulated engineered AMSCs were able to survive inside the capsules in vitro and in vivo and secrete rhBMP‐2 under tet‐regulation. Transplantation of capsules both subcutaneously and into bone defect elicited physiological response manifested in osteogenic tissue composed of bone trabeculae and cartilage. Inside the capsules, engineered AMSCs differentiated to chondrocytes (autocrine effect), but not to osteoblasts. Newly formed bone has developed around the polymeric external layer without any observed intermediate layer of tissue. There was no evidence of immune response in the transplants area. We therefore conclude that engineered AMSCs can be efficiently encapsulated within polymeric alginate microcapsules, maintain viability, differentiate by autocrine effect, secrete rhBMP‐2 under exogenous regulation, and induce bone formation by paracrine effect, with no adverse or immune response to the transplanted capsules. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled uptake and release of proteins by polyelectrolyte gels
Authors: Zezin A. , Rogacheva V. , Skobeleva V. , Kabanov V. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe equilibrium and kinetics of proteins sorption and desorption by oppositely charged lightly crosslinked polyelectrolytes (#PE) were studied. The driving force of the sorption is provided by interpolyelectrolyte addition reaction (IPAR) between oppositely charged ionic groups of protein and #PE resulting in protein–#PE complex (#PPEC) formation. The capacity of different #PEs with respect to the proteins in neutral salt‐free aqueous solutions is rather high, exceeding that of the known heterogeneous crosslinked polyelectrolyte sorbents commonly used for protein sorption in practice. The dependence of the capacity of #PE on pH and the salt concentration in the environmental solution has been revealed and investigated. The equilibrium of IPAR is shifted to the original components under the corresponding pH shift or adding a simple salt. As a result the protein releases into the surrounding solution. The rate of protein uptake and release is also controlled by the pH or/and the ionic strength of the solution. The data obtained show that #PE can be used to design the crosslinked polyelectrolyte constructs for controlled uptake and release of proteins. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of water diffusion in polyacrylonitrile using IR fiber optic evanescent wave spectroscopy
Authors: Bormashenko Edward , Sheshnev Avigdor , Pogreb Roman , Sutovski Semion , Reichlin Yosef , Shulzinger Eugene , Katzir Abraham 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis work presents a new approach to the investigation of mass transport processes in polymers. The coefficient of water diffusion in polyacrilonitrile was measured using fiber optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS). Unclad AgClBr fibers of 0.9 mm diameter were dip‐coated by PAN layers of 1–10 µm thickness. The transmission of the fibers in the mid‐IR was measured using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The penetration of water into these layers gave rise to significant changes in the measured spectrum. These changes were used for diffusion studies in situ. The novel statistical approach to the analysis of spectra was developed for the purpose of calculating the diffusion coefficient, D, using spectral data. This analysis reveals the specific wavelengths which have been taken into account for the calculation of D. The FEWS procedure, combined with statistical treatment of the spectral data, offers a high accuracy in the calculation of parameters of diffusion. It must be emphasized that the cylindrical symmetry of our fibers renders them especially suitable for the diffusion study and allows us to obviate the difficulties caused by end effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.