bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off‐policy correction algorithm for double Q network based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhang Qingbo , Liu Manlu , Wang Heng , Qian Weimin , Zhang Xinglang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is proposed to address the problems of a mismatch between the needed training samples and the actual training samples during the training of intelligence, the overestimation and underestimation of the existence of Q‐values, and the insufficient dynamism of the intelligence policy exploration. This method introduces the Actor‐Critic Off‐Policy Correction (AC‐Off‐POC) reinforcement learning framework and an improved double Q‐value learning method, which enables the value function network in the target task to provide a more accurate evaluation of the policy network and converge to the optimal policy more quickly and stably to obtain higher value returns. The method is applied to multiple MuJoCo tasks on the Open AI Gym simulation platform. The experimental results show that it is better than the DDPG algorithm based solely on the different policy correction framework (AC‐Off‐POC) and the conventional DRL algorithm. The value of returns and stability of the double‐Q‐network off‐policy correction algorithm for the deep deterministic policy gradient (DCAOP‐DDPG) proposed by the authors are significantly higher than those of other DRL algorithms.
Power quality disturbance signal segmentation and classification based on modified BI‐LSTM with double attention mechanism
Authors: Khetarpal Poras , Nagpal Neelu , Siano Pierluigi , Al‐Numay Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a recurrent neural network based model to segment and classify multiple combined multiple power quality disturbances (PQDs) from the PQD voltage signal. A modified bi‐directional long short‐term memory (BI‐LSTM) model with two different types of attention mechanisms is developed. Firstly, an attention gate is added to the basic LSTM cell to reduce the training time and focus the memory on important PQD signal part. Secondly, an attention layer is added to the BI‐LSTM to obtain the more important part of the voltage signal by assigning weightage to the output of the BI‐LSTM model. This attention gate applied in the LSTM cells improves effective and decisive key information extraction from future and past states of the PQD signal and the addition of attention layer improves the overall decision capability of the model, saving computation time, and increasing PQD classification accuracy. Finally, a SoftMax classifier is applied to classify the combined PQD signal in 96 different combinations. The proposed BI‐LSTM model with attention gate and attention layer mechanism is compared to different baseline models based on recurrent neural network and convolution neural network (CNN). From the simulation study, it is inferred that with the proposed method, the multiple combined PQD signals are easily segmented from the voltage signal which makes the process of PQD classification more accurate with less computation complexity and in less time as compared to popular signal processing based approaches for which classification of multiple PQDs is computationally difficult.
CAVOA: A chaotic optimization algorithm for optimal power flow with facts devices and stochastic wind power generation
Authors: Mohamed Amal Amin , Kamel Salah , Hassan Mohamed H. , Zeinoddini‐Meymand Hamed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study proposes a modified version of African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) to address the optimal power flow (OPF) issue. The developed optimizer is called Chaotic AVOA (CAVOA). Prior to applying CAVOA to the problem at hand, its accuracy is evaluated using 23 benchmark functions. The production powers of WTs that are interrupted are predicted using Weibull probability density functions (PDFs). Two additional costs, namely penalty cost and reserve cost, are incorporated into the goal function of the OPF. The simulation results of CAVOA are compared with those of the original AVOA to solve the OPF. The proposed OPF technique and its solution methodology are verified on the IEEE 30‐bus test system, taking into account the flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices, which have several benefits such as reducing active power transmission loss, regulating power flow, and improving voltage stability/profile. The research's simulation results demonstrate that CAVOA is more effective in identifying the OPF's optimal solution by reducing the overall power cost and power losses. The results indicate that the CAVOA algorithm outperforms AVOA as a metaheuristic optimization algorithm due to its superior capability in addressing challenging OPF problems with a minimal convergence rate. For example, when comparing the two algorithms, CAVOA achieved a significant improvement. It successfully reduced the cost function by approximately 0.023% in Case I and 0.035% in Case II, while also decreasing power loss by 2.57% in Case II and 0.57% in Case I. Additionally, CAVOA exhibited a remarkable reduction of 5.36% in voltage deviation compared to AVOA in Case I. Furthermore, in Case III, CAVOA demonstrated a decrease of 0.64% in gross cost when compared to AVOA.
Detection and mitigation of false data injection attack in DC–DC synchronous boost converter: A real‐time implementation using shallow neural network model
Authors: Machina Venkata Siva Prasad , Madichetty Sreedhar , Koduru Sriranga Suprabhath , Banda Mohan Krishna , Mishra Sukumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith implementing cyber‐physical systems, modern power systems are at continuous risk of cyber‐attacks. Sensor data that is communicated through the communication links is the most vulnerable entity. The attacker breaches the confidentiality of the data and affects the controller's performance, destabilizing the system. This article proposes a neural network‐based cyber‐attack detection and mitigation scheme to detect and mitigate false data injection attacks on the sensors. Neural networks are used to predict duty; a combination of a data sampler and binary attack detector detects the presence of an attack. Attack mitigation is performed in the final step by analysing the outputs of prediction and detection networks. The designed control scheme is demonstrated at the DC–DC converter level by considering the synchronous boost converter as a plant with an input voltage sensor, output voltage sensor, input current sensor, and output current sensor. The shallow neural network model is trained with appropriate hyperparameters to obtain a root mean square error of 0.003. The control scheme is designed and implemented in MATLAB Simulink platform and realized in real‐time hardware setup by deploying the neural network into the microcontroller and its results are explored.
Analysis and small‐signal modelling technique for support bus DC‐link of front‐end coupling inductance high step‐up single switch boost converter in low voltage renewable source
Authors: Bilsalam Anusak , Ketprapajun Nattakorn , Insri Puntarika , Sawachan Hatta , Guilbert Damien , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a non‐isolated DC converter, which is connected in series with an inverter, with a high output voltage conversion ratio for application in electricity generation systems to upgrade low‐voltage to high‐voltage DC. The topology of the proposed converter is based on a boost converter, which has the limitation of a low voltage conversion ratio. The converter is developed and connected using a coupling inductance technique by adding a second winding L2 coupled with the prototype winding and diode D2. This technique increases the voltage ratio via the ratio operator (N) of both the induction coils by operating a single switch at a constant frequency of 60 kHz. The working principle of the proposed converter is based on pulse width modulation with a duty cycle ≤40%. When the converter receives a low voltage DC input of 36 V, it converts the input to a high output voltage of 325 V at an output power 125 W, showing a circuit efficiency of 92.48% at full load. The synthesis and design of the controller include a linear approach to represent the parameters using the small signal methodology, which is employed to establish a transfer function. Furthermore, the proposed converter is capable of effectively regulating the output voltage, even when subjected to variations in the output load by employing a proportional–integral control mechanism. The close loop results obtained from simulations and practical implementation verified the proposed circuit design, as both results agreed with the theoretical analysis.
Verändert die Einführung eines präoperativen Gerinnungsbogens die Nachblutungsrate nach Adenotomie?
Authors: Joseph Georges , Georgi Carina , Kress Peter 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Adenotomie (AT) stellt eine der ersten und häufigsten Operationen im Kindesalter dar. Mögliche Gerinnungsstörungen (GS) sind zum OP-Zeitpunkt häufig noch nicht diagnostiziert. Im Jahr 2006 empfahlen die Deutschen Gesellschaften für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin sowie Kinder- & Jugendmedizin und HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, im Rahmen der präoperativen Vorbereitungen für eine AT auf die routinemäßige Blutentnahme zu verzichten und stattdessen einen standardisierten Gerinnungsbogen (GB) zur Abklärung einer GS zu verwenden. Wenn hingegen Auffälligkeiten bestehen, ist die Indikation zur Gerinnungsdiagnostik (GD) indiziert.
Material und Methoden In dieser unizentrischen, nicht randomisierten, retrospektiven Studie erhielten zwischen dem 01.01.2011 und dem 31.12.2018 insgesamt 2633 Kinder zwischen dem 1. und dem 6. Lebensjahr eine AT oder Re-AT, die in die weiteren Analysen eingeschlossen wurden. Es sollte eruiert werden, ob durch die Einführung des GB im Jahr 2014 die Nachblutungsrate nach AT gesenkt werden konnte.
Ergebnisse Von den 2633 Kindern hatten 1451 einen GB und 1182 keinen GB. Es ergab sich eine Nachblutungsrate von 0,83% ohne GB und von 2,08% mit GB. 174 GB waren auffällig, und es erfolgten 169 GD, 164 hiervon waren unauffällig, 2 ergaben ein gesichertes mildes Typ-1-von-Willebrand-Syndrom (vWS) sowie 2 den V.a. ein vWS und eine den V.a. einen Faktor-VII-Mangel. Die Sensitivität des GB betrug 16% und die Spezifität 87,5%. Der positive prädiktive Wert lag bei 2,8% und der negative prädiktive Wert bei 98%.
Schlussfolgerungen Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen war, dass der GB ein Werkzeug dafür ist, eine mögliche GS zu detektieren, jedoch nicht dafür geeignet ist, die Nachblutungsrate zu senken.
Structure-Based Drug Design for Targeting IRE1: An in Silico
Approach for Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Poustforoosh Alireza , Faramarz Sanaz , Nematollahi Mohammad Hadi , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Azadpour Mahdiyeh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and Unfolded Protein Response
(UPR) play a key role in cancer progression. The aggregation of incorrectly
folded proteins in the ER generates ER stress, which in turn activates the UPR
as an adaptive mechanism to fix ER proteostasis. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1
(IRE1) is the most evolutionary conserved ER stress sensor, which plays a
pro-tumoral role in various cancers. Targeting its’ active sites is one
of the most practical approaches for the treatment of cancers.
Objective In this study, we aimed to use the structure of 4μ8C as
a template to produce newly designed compounds as IRE1 inhibitors.
Methods Various functional groups were added to the 4μ8C, and
their binding affinity to the target sites was assessed by conducting a covalent
molecular docking study. The potential of the designed compound for further in
vitro and in vivo studies was evaluated using ADMET analysis.
Results Based on the obtained results, the addition of hydroxyl groups to
4μ8C enhanced the binding affinity of the designed compound to the
target efficiently. Compound 17, which was constructed by the addition of one
hydroxyl group to the structure of 4μ8C, can construct a strong covalent
bond with Lys907. The outcomes of ADMET analysis indicated that compound 17
could be considered a drug-like molecule.
Conclusion Our results revealed that designed compound 17 could inhibit
IRE1 activity. Therefore, this designed compound is a remarkable inhibitor of
IRE1 and introduces a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
Maternal COVID-19 Infection Associated with Fetal Systemic Inflammatory Complications in COVID-19-Negative Neonates: A Case-Series
Authors: McKissic Devin , Perez Francisco A. , Puia-Dumitrescu Mihai , Ryan Ramah , Hendrixson D Taylor , Billimoria Zeenia , DiGeronimo Robert , Sawyer Taylor 
Published: December 2023

Objective This study aimed to examine fetal and neonatal inflammatory and neurologic complications associated with maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Study Design Case-series using a convenience sample of neonates cared for in a large referral-based children's hospital neonatal intensive care unit between September 2021 and May 2022.
Results We identified seven neonates with exposure to maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a presentation consistent with inflammatory complications. All had some degree of neurologic injury with neuroimaging findings including restricted diffusion indicating injury in the white matter, cortex, deep gray structures, and splenium of the corpus callosum as well as intracranial hemorrhage. In addition, many infants had cytopenia and abnormal coagulation studies. Placental pathology, when available, revealed inflammation, clot with calcifications, and hematomas with associated infarcts.
Conclusion Neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2, even when negative for the virus themselves, may have complications consistent with a systemic inflammatory syndrome. Placental pathology as well as neurologic imaging in infants with neurologic findings may help to support this diagnosis.
Key Points
Encephalocele within the Lateral Wall of the Sphenoid Sinus Presenting with Recurrent Meningitis and Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Repaired via Endoscopic Transnasal Transpterygoid Approach
Authors: Masege Dipuo , Ouma John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe sphenoid sinus is an uncommon site for an encephalocele. It usually presents with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak through the nasal cavity. Sternberg's canal (SC), which is a weak spot on the skull base, is one of the causes of spontaneous CSF leak. It is due to incomplete fusion of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone with the basisphenoid. Repairing these defects is challenging as the traditional external approach carries a high morbidity and a high complication rate. We present the case of a 27-year-old nonobese female patient who was diagnosed with persistent SC defect, which was repaired via an endoscopic transnasal transpterygoid approach. She has not had any recurrence following 18 months of outpatient department visits.
Age Considerations in Four-Corner Arthrodesis and Proximal Row Carpectomy: A Review
Authors: Heifner John J. , Karadimas Thomas , DeVito Paul M. , Gomez Osmanny , Kolovich Gregory P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose Although indications for four-corner arthrodesis (4CA) and proximal row carpectomy (PRC) are not completely aligned, the surgeon is often tasked with deciding between these options which vary in the surgical technique and complication profile. Patient age is often discussed as a determining factor for treatment; however, outcome data for these procedures are rarely stratified by patient age. Our objective was to perform a systematic review on the age-specific outcomes for 4CA and PRC.
Materials and Methods A PubMed database search for 4CA and PRC was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. The inclusion criteria required individual case reporting of patient age, surgical intervention, and appropriate outcome measures. The data were stratified by procedure and by patients older and younger than 45 years.
Results Within the 4CA group, the relative risk for a disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score above 30 was 1.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.67) in patients over 45 years compared with patients under 45 years. Within the PRC group, grip strength as a percentage of the contralateral side was higher in the over 45 age group (mean 75%) compared to the under 45 age group (mean 61%) but did not reach the level of significance.
Conclusion Despite satisfactory results for 4CA in aggregate, the distribution of scores indicates the need for setting expectations when treating younger adult patients with 4CA. The current results demonstrate increased disability based on DASH score following 4CA in patients under 45 years compared with patients over 45 years. Although outcomes were comparable between younger and older adults following PRC, recovery of grip strength may occur less frequently in younger adults.
Level of evidence IV systematic review.
Collagen Application in Pediatric Superficial Burns: The Right Time!
Authors: Fidvi Al-Iqyan Juzar , Patil Surendra Kumar , Baraskar Aniket Jaiprakash , Jadhav Ganesh Deepak , Kankam Adarsh Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction Delayed presentation of burn patients, in a developing country with the patient being referred from one center to another higher one, is a common occurrence. Efficient management of such delayed burn wounds thus becomes critical to decrease the morbidity of the patient within economic constraints. The advantages of collagen dressing are numerous. However, there is scarce literature on the timing of its application. Traditionally, it is thought that collagen sheets should be applied within 24 hours of burns as the wound is still sterile. This thus becomes ironical as patients are presenting late. Hence, we studied retrospectively the result of collagen application in delayed presentation of burns.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted in which records of pediatric patients of less than 10 years with less than 30% total body surface area scald burns were considered. Collagen dressing was done in all these patients. Presentation time from burns, timing of collagen application, status of wound at various check dresses, complication of burn wound, and total healing times were recorded. Appropriate statistical formulas were used to calculate significance levels for continuous and categorical variables.
Result Fifty-three patients, 33 male and 20 female were studied. The most common cause of scald was hot water spillage from baths and cooking, with the anterior trunk being the most involved site. The mean time of presentation of the patient from burns is 71.74 hours and that of collagen application was 76.4 hours. Fourteen (25.4%) patients had wound complications in the form of soakage, fever, and pus. Eight patients had their collagen removed. The average healing time for patients with intact collagen was 12.15 days and that for those on daily dressing was 21.9 days.
Conclusion Collagen should be preferred even when the patient presents after 24 hours of burns. A thoroughly washed wound is a necessary prerequisite before collagen application. Burn patients presenting after 3 days have a higher incidence of wound infection. No such time stamp of application of collagen sheets within 24 hours can thus be given for its use as the advantages of adhered and successful collagen dressings outweigh those on daily dressings.
High-speed metasurface modulator using perfectly absorptive bimodal plasmonic resonance
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Kosugi Yuji , Ogasawara Makoto , Ariu Koto , Otomo Akira , Yamada Toshiki , Nakano Yoshiaki , Tanemura Takuo 
Published: December 2023

Free-space electro-optic (EO) modulators operating at gigahertz and beyond are attractive for a wide range of emerging applications, including high-speed imaging, free-space optical communication, microwave photonics, and diffractive computing. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a high-speed plasmonic metasurface EO modulator operating in a near-infrared wavelength range with a gigahertz modulation bandwidth. To achieve efficient intensity modulation of reflected light from an ultrathin metasurface layer, we utilize the bimodal plasmonic resonance inside a subwavelength metal–insulator–metal grating, which is precisely tuned to satisfy the critical coupling condition. As a result, perfect absorption of −27 dB (99.8%) and a high quality (Q) factor of 113 are obtained at a resonant wavelength of 1650 nm. By incorporating an EO polymer inside the grating, we achieve a modulation depth of up to 9.5 dB under an applied voltage of ±30 V. The 3-dB modulation bandwidth is confirmed to be 1.25 GHz, which is primarily limited by the undesired contact resistance and the output impedance of the driver. Owing to the high electrical conductivity of metallic gratings and a compact device structure with a minimal parasitic capacitance, the demonstrated device can potentially operate at several tens of gigahertz, which opens up exciting opportunities for ultrahigh-speed active metasurface devices in various applications.
Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves
Authors: Marquès J.-R. , Lancia L. , Loiseau P. , Forestier-Colleoni P. , Tarisien M. , Atukpor E. , Bagnoud V. , Brabetz C. , Consoli F. , Domange J. , Hannachi F. , Nicolaï P. , Salvadori M. , Zielbauer B. 
Published: December 2023

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet [Marquès et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 023103 (2021)]. In a continuation of this numerical work, we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases: without tailoring, by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser, and by tailoring both sides of the gas jet. Without tailoring, the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis, with a low-energy exponential spectrum, produced by Coulomb explosion. When the front side of the gas jet is tailored, a forward acceleration appears, which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are tailored. This forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons, with a peaked spectrum, and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration (CSA). The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe beam. The refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma tailoring. Comparison with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas jet. These parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.
A meta-analytic review of morphological priming in Semitic languages
Authors: Xu Lily , Solá-Llonch Elizabeth , Wang Huilei , Sundara Megha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two types of discontinuous morphemes are thought to be the basic building blocks of words in Semitic languages:
roots and templates. However, the role of these morphemes in lexical access and representation is debated. Priming experiments,
where reaction times to target words are predicted to be faster when preceded by morphologically-related primes compared to
unrelated control primes, provide conflicting evidence bearing on this debate. We used meta-analysis to synthesise the findings
from 229 priming experiments on 4710 unique Semitic speakers. With Bayesian modelling of the aggregate effect sizes, we found
credible root and template priming in both nouns and verbs in Arabic and Hebrew. Our results show that root priming effects can be
distinguished from the effects of overlap in form and meaning. However, more experiments are needed to determine if template
priming effects can be distinguished from overlap in form and morphosyntactic function.