bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care of the older person and the value of human dignity
Authors: Pageau Félix , Fiasse Gaëlle , Nordenfelt Lennart , Mihailov Emilian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs the world population is rapidly aging, stakeholders must address the care of the elderly with great concern. Also, loss of dignity is often associated with aging due to dementia, mobility problems and diminished functional autonomy. However, dignity is a polysemic term that is deemed useless by some ethicists. To counter this claim, we propose four concepts to define it better and make use accurately of this notion. These are human dignity, dignity of identity, dignities of excellence and attributed dignities. Finally, we explain the importance of solicitude and human dignity in the care of the elderly. This will ensure the respect, friendship and dignity of the elderly in providing geriatric ethical care.
Durable responses in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with the use of FLT3 and IDH inhibitors
Authors: Madero‐Marroquin Rafael , DuVall Adam S. , Saygin Caner , Wang Peng , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Larson Richard A. , Stock Wendy , Patel Anand Ashwin 
Published: December 2023

SummaryData regarding the use of FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) inhibitors in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are lacking. We identified 14 patients with FLT3‐ or IDH1/2‐mutated ALL. Three early T‐cell precursor‐ALL patients received FLT3 or IDH2 inhibitors. Patient 1 maintains a complete remission (CR) with enasidenib after intolerance to chemotherapy. Patient 2 maintained a CR for 27 months after treatment with enasidenib for relapsed disease. Patient 3 was treated with venetoclax and gilteritinib at the time of relapse and maintained a CR with gilteritinib for 8 months. These cases suggest that FLT3 and IDH inhibitors could represent a viable therapeutic option for ALL patients with these mutations.
A quantitative pharmacology model for cannabinoid CB1 receptor mediated by Gi/Gs protein competition
Authors: Yang Liang , Finlay David B. , Green Hayley M. , Zhu Xiao , Glass Michelle , Duffull Stephen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeOrthosteric agonism of the CB1 receptor normally associates with Gi signalling resulting in a net inhibition of cAMP production. Empirical evidence shows CB1 causes a net cAMP stimulation through Gs coupling under two conditions: co‐stimulation with the D2 receptor and high‐level CB1 expression. Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for these paradoxical effects, (1) Gi is consumed by coupling to D2 or extra CB1 and excess CB1 binds to Gs and (2), the formation of dimers CB1‐CB1 or CB1‐D2 switches Gi/Gs preference. This study explored the mechanisms of Gi/Gs preference based on a mathematical model of the CB1 receptor.Experimental ApproachThe model was based on Hypothesis 1 and known mechanisms. The model was calibrated to align with multiple types of data (cAMP, Gi dissociation and internalisation). The key step of Hypothesis 1 was examined by simulation from the model. An experiment was proposed to distinguish Hypothesis 1 and 2.Key ResultsThe model successfully descripted multiple types of data under Hypothesis 1. Simulations from the model indicated that precoupling of G protein with receptors is necessary for this hypothesis. The model designed experiments to distinguish Hypothesis 1 and 2 by increasing Gi & Gs in parallel with CB1 overexpression. The two hypotheses result in distinct cAMP responses.Conclusion and ImplicationsA mathematical model of CB1‐regulated Gi/Gs pathways was developed. It indicated Hypothesis 1 is feasible and G protein precoupling is a key step causing cAMP signalling switch. The model‐designed experiments provided guides for future experimentation.
Orphan peptide and G protein‐coupled receptor signalling in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Anversa Roberta Goncalves , Maddern Xavier J. , Lawrence Andrew J. , Walker Leigh C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNeuropeptides and G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) have long been, and continue to be, one of the most popular target classes for drug discovery in CNS disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Yet, orphaned neuropeptide systems and receptors (oGPCR), which have no known cognate receptor or ligand, remain understudied in drug discovery and development. Orphan neuropeptides and oGPCRs are abundantly expressed within the brain and represent an unprecedented opportunity to address brain function and may hold potential as novel treatments for disease. Here, we describe the current literature regarding orphaned neuropeptides and oGPCRs implicated in AUD. Specifically, in this review, we focus on the orphaned neuropeptide cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART), and several oGPCRs that have been directly implicated in AUD (GPR6, GPR26, GPR88, GPR139, GPR158) and discuss their potential and pitfalls as novel treatments, and progress in identifying their cognate receptors or ligands.
Simplified Physical Model‐based Balance‐preserving Motion Re‐targeting for Physical Simulation
Authors: Hwang Jaepyung , Ishii Shin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, we propose a novel motion re‐targeting framework that provides natural motions of target robot character models similar to the given source motions of a different skeletal structure. The natural target motion requires satisfying kinematic constraints to show a similar motion to the source motion although the kinematical structure between the source and the target character models differ from each other. Simultaneously, the target motion should maintain physically plausible features such as keeping the balance of the target character model. To handle the issue, we utilize a simple physics model (an inverted‐pendulum‐on‐a‐cart model) during the motion re‐targeting process. By interpreting the source motion's balancing property via the pendulum model, the target motion inherits the balancing property of the source motion. The inheritance is derived by performing the motion analysis to extract the necessary parameters for re‐targeting the pendulum model's motion pattern and parameter learning to estimate the suitable parameters for the target character model. Based on the simple physics inheritance, the proposed framework provides balance‐preserving target motions, even applicable to the full‐body physics simulation or a real robot control. We validate the framework by experimenting with motion re‐targeting from animal character and human character source models to the quadruped‐ and humanoid‐type target models with Muaythai punching, kicking and walking motions. We also implement comparisons with the existing methods to clarify the enhancement.
Establishment and validation of a prediction model for gestational diabetes
Authors: Wang Xia , He Caidie , Wu Nian , Tian Yingkuan , An Songlin , Chen Wei , Liu Xiang , Zhang Haonan , Xiong Shimin , Liu Yijun , Li Quan , Zhou Yuanzhong , Shen Xubo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo develop a visual prediction model for gestational diabetes (GD) in pregnant women and to establish an effective and practical tool for clinical application.MethodsTo establish a prediction model, the modelling set included 1756 women enrolled in the Zunyi birth cohort, the internal validation set included 1234 enrolled women, and pregnant women in the Wuhan cohort were included in the external validation set. We established a demographic–lifestyle factor model (DLFM) and a demographic–lifestyle–environmental pollution factor model (DLEFM) based on whether the women were exposed to environmental pollutants. The least absolute shrinkage and selection lasso–logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent predictors of GD and construct a nomogram for predicting its occurrence.ResultsThe DLEFM regression analysis showed that a family history of diabetes (odd ratio [OR] 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05‐4.71), a history of GD in pregnant women (OR 4.22; 95% CI 1.89‐9.41), being overweight or obese before pregnancy (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.27‐2.29), a history of hypertension (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.41‐4.72), sedentary time (h/day) (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.08‐1.24), monobenzyl phthalate (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.45‐2.67) and Q4 mono‐ethyl phthalate concentration (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.26‐2.73) were independent predictors. The area under the receiver operating curves for the internal validation of the DLEFM and the DLFM constructed using these seven factors was 0.827 and 0.783, respectively. The calibration curve of the DLEFM was close to the diagonal line. The DLEFM was thus the more optimal model, and the one which we chose.ConclusionsA nomogram based on preconception factors was constructed to predict the occurrence of GD in the second and third trimesters. It provided an effective tool for the early prediction and timely management of GD.
Alanine to glycine ratio is a novel predictive biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lee Kwang Seob , Lee Yong‐ho , Lee Sang‐Guk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the metabolite ratios that could predict the clinical incidence or remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).MethodsThe Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess 1813 individuals without T2D to test the predictive value of metabolite ratios for T2D incidence and 451 newly diagnosed T2D for remission. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the best cut‐off values for the metabolite ratios. Survival analyses were performed to compare the four subgroups defined by baseline metabolite ratios and clinical status of obesity.ResultsThe alanine/glycine was the most significant marker for T2D incidence (hazard ratio per SD: 1.24; p < .001). On the other hand, metabolite hydroxy sphingomyelin C22:2 was most specific for T2D remission (hazard ratio per SD: 1.32; p = .029). Survival analysis of T2D incidence among the subgroups defined by the combination of alanine/glycine and obesity showed the group with a high alanine/glycine and obesity had the highest risk of T2D incidence (p < .001). The alanine/glycine as a T2D risk marker was also validated in the independent external data.ConclusionsThe combination of obesity and the alanine/glycine ratio can be used to evaluate the diabetes risk.
Common genes and recurrent causative variants in 957 Asian patients with pediatric epilepsy
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Seo Jieun , Kwon Soon Sung , Teng Lip‐Yuen , Won DongJu , Shin Saeam , Lee Joon Soo , Lee Seung‐Tae , Choi Jong Rak , Kang Hoon‐Chul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify common genes and recurrent causative variants in a large group of Asian patients with different epilepsy syndromes and subgroups.MethodsPatients with unexplained pediatric‐onset epilepsy were identified from the in‐house Severance Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy Database. All patients underwent either exome sequencing or multigene panels from January 2017 to December 2019, at Severance Children's Hospital in Korea. Clinical data were extracted from the medical records.ResultsOf the 957 patients studied, 947 (99.0%) were Korean and 570 were male (59.6%). The median age at testing was 4.91 years (interquartile range, 1.53–9.39). The overall diagnostic yield was 32.4% (310/957). Clinical exome sequencing yielded a diagnostic rate of 36.9% (134/363), whereas the epilepsy panel yielded a diagnostic rate of 29.9% (170/569). Diagnostic yield differed across epilepsy syndromes. It was high in Dravet syndrome (87.2%, 41/47) and early infantile developmental epileptic encephalopathy (60.7%, 17/28), but low in West syndrome (21.8%, 34/156) and myoclonic‐atonic epilepsy (4.8%, 1/21). The most frequently implicated genes were SCN1A (n = 49), STXBP1 (n = 15), SCN2A (n = 14), KCNQ2 (n = 13), CDKL5 (n = 11), CHD2 (n = 9), SLC2A1 (n = 9), PCDH19 (n = 8), MECP2 (n = 6), SCN8A (n = 6), and PRRT2 (n = 5). The recurrent genetic abnormalities included 15q11.2 deletion/duplication (n = 9), Xq28 duplication (n = 5), PRRT2 deletion (n = 4), MECP2 duplication (n = 3), SCN1A, c.2556+3A>T (n = 3), and 2q24.3 deletion (n = 3).SignificanceHere we present the results of a large‐scale study conducted in East Asia, where we identified several common genes and recurrent variants that varied depending on specific epilepsy syndromes. The overall genetic landscape of the Asian population aligns with findings from other populations of varying ethnicities.
Spousal religious difference, marital satisfaction, and psychological well‐being of Chinese older adults
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Qi , Zhou Xiaochen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to explore the associations between spousal religious difference (one religious and one nonreligious), marital satisfaction, and the psychological well‐being of middle‐aged and older Chinese adults.BackgroundBoth religion and marital relationships are critical in coping with aging‐related challenges.MethodWe adopted the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, which collected a nationally representative sample of Chinese people over 45 years old. The sample included 1,285 adults (714 men and 571 women). Descriptive statistics, multiple regression models, and a path analysis based on generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) were adopted.ResultsWives' marital satisfaction mediated spousal religious difference and psychological well‐being, including depression and life satisfaction. Marital satisfaction was associated with depression and life satisfaction for both genders, and wives' marital satisfaction had a stronger association with life satisfaction than husbands'.ConclusionsSpousal religious difference has significant negative associations with marital satisfaction and psychological well‐being among middle‐aged and older people in China, especially among women.ImplicationBased on the results of this study, further research is needed to focus on the individual and interpersonal outcomes of religiosity in middle‐aged and older adults. In family therapy involving couples with different religious affiliations, counselors should pay attention to gender differences and prioritize addressing wives' marital satisfaction. Additionally, policies and services should also recognize the significant role of wives' marital satisfaction in the well‐being of such couples.
Postprocessing of tungsten carbide‐nickel preforms fabricated via binder jetting of sintered‐agglomerated powder
Authors: Mendoza Jimenez Edgar , Ehrman Olivia , Beuth Jack , Reeja‐Jayan B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study binder jets a tungsten carbide‐nickel (WC‐Ni) sintered‐agglomerated composite powder, and postprocesses the preforms using an initial sintering step followed by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) step. The effects of sintering temperatures, sintering durations, and HIP temperatures on notable properties (e.g., porosity, microstructure, hardness, and oxidation behavior) are quantified. The highest average relative density produced in this study was 96.8%, and volumetric shrinkage of these coupons was about 64%. Microstructural characterization shows that the WC grains are homogenously distributed throughout the nickel matrix and grow to an average diameter of 1.6 (a 60% increase) during processing. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicate that no unwanted products were formed. Processed coupons achieved a maximum hardness of 54 Rockwell C, limited by their internal porosity. Oxidation tests result in the production of WO3 and NiWO4 at temperatures above 600°C. Methodologies and results from this study can be leveraged to additively manufacture highly dense, geometrically complex WC‐Ni parts with small carbide grains, low nickel content, desirable microstructure, and suitable functional properties.
Obstacles à la participation des Palestiniennes au marché du travail en Israël
Authors: MIAARI Sami H. , KHATTAB Nabil , SABBAH‐KARKABI Maha 
Published: December 2023

RésuméBien que les Palestiniennes vivant en Israël aient récemment vu leur niveau d'études progresser, elles restent moins présentes que les femmes juives sur le marché du travail. Les auteurs s'appuient sur des données de l'enquête sur la population active et de l'enquête sociale couvrant la période 1995‐2016 pour examiner les facteurs susceptibles d'expliquer cet écart – facteurs socio‐économiques et démographiques, religiosité, capital humain, structure familiale et politiques publiques, retraite anticipée. Ils constatent que tous ces facteurs influent sur la probabilité des Palestiniennes de participer au marché du travail, ce qui a des implications pour les politiques du marché du travail.
CEOs’ capital gains tax liabilities and accounting conservatism
Authors: Lonare Gunratan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent studies show that the tax‐induced lock‐in effect discourages CEOs from unwinding their unrestricted equity and subsequently exacerbates their risk‐aversion. I investigate how CEOs’ unrealized capital gains tax liabilities (tax burdens) influence financial reporting conservatism. I find that the demand for accounting conservatism decreases with CEO tax burdens. Further analyses show that the negative relation between CEO tax burden and conservatism is stronger when the firm has high leverage and high default risk and when the CEO's incentives are more aligned with equity holders. This highlights the shareholder–creditor agency conflicts mitigation role of CEO tax burdens in reducing creditors’ demand for conservatism. I exploit the Federal Taxpayer Reform Act of 1997 and staggered state‐level tax cuts that significantly decreased personal capital gains tax rates as identification strategies.
Improving methods of clinical practice guidelines: From guidelines to pathways to fast‐and‐frugal trees and decision analysis to develop individualised patient care
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hozo Iztok , Cuker Adam , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent methods for developing clinical practice guidelines have several limitations: they are characterised by the “black box” operation—a process with defined inputs and outputs but an incomplete understanding of its internal workings; they have “the integration problem”—a lack of framework for explicitly integrating factors such as patient preferences and trade‐offs between benefits and harms; they generate one recommendation at a time that typically are not connected in a coherent analytical framework; and they apply to “average” patients, while clinicians and their patients seek advice tailored to individual circumstances.MethodsWe propose augmenting the current guideline development method by converting evidence‐based pathways into fast‐and‐frugal decision trees (FFTs) and integrating them with generalised decision curve analysis to formulate clear, individualised management recommendations.ResultsWe illustrate the process by developing recommendations for the management of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We converted evidence‐based pathways for HIT, developed by the American Society of Hematology, into an FFT. Here, we consider only thrombotic complications and major bleeding. We leveraged the predictive potential of FFTs to compare the effects of argatroban, bivalirudin, fondaparinux, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) using generalised decision curve analysis. We found that DOACs were superior to other treatments if the FFT‐predicted probability of HIT exceeded 3%.ConclusionsThe proposed analytical framework connects guidelines, pathways, FFTs, and decision analysis, offering risk‐tailored personalised recommendations and addressing current guideline development critiques.
Coffee and caffeine intake reduces risk of ulcerative colitis: a case–control study in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Keiko , Okubo Hitomi , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nagata Chisato , Furukawa Shinya , Andoh Akira , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Yoshimura Naoki , Mori Kenichiro , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Yasunori , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Saito Mitsuru , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Imaeda Hirotsugu , Kakimoto Kazuki , Higuchi Kazuhide , Nunoi Hiroaki , Mizukami Yuji , Suzuki Seiyuu , Hiraoka Sakiko , Okada Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Keitarou , Higashiyama Masaaki , Hokari Ryota , Miura Hiromasa , Miyake Teruki , Kumagi Teru , Kato Hiromasa , Hato Naohito , Sayama Koji , Hiasa Yoichi ,   Japan Ulcerative Colitis Study Group
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough diet is one of the potential environmental factors affecting ulcerative colitis (UC), evidence is not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions. This Japanese case–control study examined the association between the consumption of coffee, other caffeine‐containing beverages and food, and total caffeine and the risk of UC.MethodsThe study involved 384 UC cases and 665 control subjects. Intake of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, black tea, green tea, oolong tea, carbonated soft drinks, and chocolate snacks was measured with a semiquantitative food‐frequency questionnaire. Adjustments were made for sex, age, pack‐years of smoking, alcohol consumption, history of appendicitis, family history of UC, education level, body mass index, and intake of vitamin C, retinol, and total energy.ResultsHigher consumption of coffee and carbonated soft drinks was associated with a reduced risk of UC with a significant dose–response relationship (P for trend for coffee and carbonated soft drinks were <0.0001 and 0.01, respectively), whereas higher consumption of chocolate snacks was significantly associated with an increased risk of UC. No association was observed between consumption of decaffeinated coffee, black tea, green tea, or oolong tea and the risk of UC. Total caffeine intake was inversely associated with the risk of UC; the adjusted odds ratio between extreme quartiles was 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.67; P for trend <0.0001).ConclusionsWe confirmed that intake of coffee and caffeine is also associated with a reduced risk of UC in Japan where people consume relatively low quantities of coffee compared with Western countries.
Midwifery and APRN Scope of Practice in Abortion Care in the Early Post‐Roe Era: Everything Old Is New Again
Authors: Jenkins Julie , Pitney Christie , Nuzzo Morgan , Eagen‐Torkko Meghan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the past 10 years, there has been a rapid expansion of legal and legislative changes in abortion care provision for advanced practice clinicians (APCs), including nurse practitioners, midwives, and physician associates (formerly physician assistants), with most of that expansion occurring in the last several years. This expansion has occurred via several routes (eg, legislative, popular vote, court decision, attorney general opinion), and the patchwork of legal statuses nationally creates confusion for clinicians who are unclear on current regulations. This review explores the historical context of abortion practice for APCs, as well as the primary philosophical and legal concepts relevant to this role development. Since 2012, the number of states permitting abortion practice by APCs has more than quintupled, and the changes to abortion law in the United States in the wake of the 2022 Supreme Court decision in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Center creates a new imperative to understand the role of APCs in accessing abortion care. Additionally, although the research on abortion safety for APC abortion providers is well‐established, the physician‐centered paradigm of abortion care has limited the ability of APCs to develop expertise in this essential public and clinical health service.