bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLITICS, SEX, AND FRENCH CINEMA IN THE 1990s: THE PLACE OF ARNAUD DESPLECHIN
Authors: Warehime Marja 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Arnaud Desplechin has been called the leader of a 'nouvelle'
nouvelle vague
. This article treats Desplechin's two feature-length films of the 1990s ‐
La Sentinelle
, a metaphysical polar which came out in 1992, and the 1996 comedy
Comment je me suis disputé (ma vie sexuelle)
. It approaches the films as an effort to 'map out' the contradictions (the possibilities and constraints) of Desplechin's place as a filmmaker in the 1990s. The use of the term 'map out' alludes to Fredric Jameson's elaboration of the term cognitive mapping in his
Postmodernism, or the Culture of Late Capitalism
where it is equated with Althusser's classic definition of ideology as the representation of the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence. The article emphasizes a crucial, but seemingly secondary aspect of Desplechin's 1990s films, his symbolic treatment of space. The article concludes that although the genre narrative in
La Sentinelle
does not provide an adequate means to address the filmmaker's situation, and neither film allows its subject to 'find a place' in the totality of post-Holocaust history, that
Comment je me suis disputé
suggests the possibility that the subject can 'find his bearings'.
Jean Genet and the Poetics of Palestinian Politics: Statecraft as Stagecraft in ‘Quatre heures a Chatila’
Authors: Finburgh Clare 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
This study of Jean Genet's ‘Quatre heures à Chatila’ explores the relationship between the writer's literary ouvre and his political action, both of which constitute part of his same endeavour to define our socialized reality. It draws upon other Genetian works, notably Un captif amoureux for which 'Quatre heures' might be seen as a prologue, to describe how Genet's reality, or réel, originates essentially in his féerie-the dissemination of mask, stagecraft, fable. Reality for Genet comprises a plurality of ever-shifting truths played out within the mise-en-scène of social existence. The essay suggests that in 'Quatre heures' Genet champions the Palestinian Fedayee rebels because their ceaseless reinvention of politics, religion and society prevents any original cause from existing beyond the permanently unstable site of discursive relativity, or the féerie. The essay illustrates how, moreover, Genet's aesthetic is indissociable from Palestinian ethics. 'Quatre heures' bears witness to the Palestinian rejection of monolithic ideology both in its macrostructural thematics, which discuss the Palestinian revolt, and in its microstructural stylistics: perspectives are proliferated through a multiplicity of discontinuous styles, structures and registers; time-space unities are fragmented; genre is hybridized so that journalistic fact is fuelled with poetic imagery and reference to visual art. The essay concludes by suggesting that Genet's refusal of teleological development and definitive affirmation in his account of the Palestinian insurrection and of the Shatila and Sabra massacres, affords him and his Palestinians the possibility for perpetual poetic and political hermeneutic renewal. In addition, it enables the reader to metamorphosize the absence of essence into a creative affirmation, through constant interrogation of the text.
The Little Horn: Apocalyptic Literature of the Consulate and Empire
Authors: Thurston Benjamin 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine the evolution of apocalyptic exegesis during the Consulate and Empire. Contemporary commentaries on the seventh chapter of the Book of Daniel provide a fascinating and hitherto unexplored record of the dynamics of religious and political belief in early nineteenth-century France. In the last decade of the eighteenth century, numerous attempts were made to explain the French Revolution in terms of Biblical prophecy. However, the restoration of civil order after the
coup d’état
of Brumaire, together with the rapid recovery of the Church after the Concordat, made the conclusions of previous apocalyptic speculation appear redundant. The majority of the French clergy hailed Napoleon as the providential saviour of the Church and compared him to Cyrus or Moses. This article examines the ways in which a number of Catholic theologians and laymen deciphered the bizarre symbols and imagery of Daniel's famous vision in order to make sense of Napoleon’s rise to power. A study of French Catholicism in its historical context enables us to understand how different and often contradictory political and religious beliefs were articulated within the conventions of apocalyptic exegesis.

Je considérais ses cornes, et je vis une petite corne qui sortait du milieu des autres.
Daniel 7. 8
The Hagiographies of Pierre Michon:
Rimbaud Le Fils
Authors: Jefferson Ann 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The premiss of this article is that the concern with the literary as an issue of ‘radical uncertainty’ has shifted from theory as polemic to the new forms of ‘life-writing’ that have emerged in France over the past three decades. It explores the quasi-biographical modes through which this concern is expressed in the work of Pierre Michon, concentrating in particular on the model of the lives of the saints. Focusing on Rimbaud le fils (1991), various hagiographical strategies are identified in the construction and narration of the text, and in the positioning of both author and reader in the posture of devotion. There is, however, a counterweight to this devotion in the powerful strand of derision that runs through Michon’s text, whose various expressions are identified in terms of both content and authorial rhetoric. This combination of devotion and derision is best viewed as a symptom of the impossibility, both for his various contemporaries and for the modern reader, of adequately recognizing and characterizing Rimbaud's poetic ‘grace’. It is by means of this problematic contemplation of the life of Rimbaud that the question of ‘literature’ is addressed in the text.
...ce petit mélange d’œuvre et de vie qu’on appelle Rimbaud.
A Forgotten Author — Péan Gatineau
Authors: Hunt Tony 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

The Life of St Martin of Tours by the forgotten Tourangeau writer Péan Gatineau, writing in the second quarter of the thirteenth century, offers striking evidence of the liberation of octosyllabic verse from the line or couplet as a unit of composition through the use of enjambement, the bold
rejet
, and the breaking of the couplet. Péan’s practice is compared with that of his near-contemporaries Gautier de Coinci and the anonymous author of the first
Vie des Pères
. The evidence collected is important for a much-needed history of the evolution of medieval octosyllabic verse, and is part of an appeal to text editors to give greater consideration to their authors' handling of metrical structures, rhythm as well as rhyme.
Henri Estienne and Vowel Prosthesis: A Problem in the Phonetic Adaptation of Sixteenth century Italianisms in French
Authors: Sampson Rodney 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Amongst the numerous Italianisms entering French in the sixteenth century, the items whose corresponding form in standard Italian contained the initial consonant sequence
s
+ consonant are of special interest. In French, such words typically emerged with the addition of a ‘prosthetic’ vowel, as in
estramaçon
but standard Italian
stramazzone
. However, somewhat unexpectedly, in the two
Dialogues
of Henri Estienne (1578) where Italianizing manners and speech are satirized, the great majority of the Italianisms of this type that are used by the author do not contain a prosthetic vowel. It is proposed that the general non-use of prosthetic forms by Estienne is due to the nature of the particular type of Italian that he uses as a source for the Italianisms figuring in this work. This was the standard literary Italian language that had become established by the second half of the sixteenth century. In this variety of Italian, vowel prosthesis was of very limited occurrence. The few cases where Estienne does cite Italianisms containing a prosthetic vowel are demonstrated to be technical rather than literary words that had entered French usage by more popular channels of transmission.
The effects of grassland management on plant performance and demography in the perennial herb Primula veris
Authors: BRYS REIN , JACQUEMYN HANS , ENDELS PATRICK , BLUST GEERT DE , HERMY MARTIN 
Published: December 2004

Summary

Because of changing land‐use practices and abandonment, many European calcareous grasslands are under increasing threat. In order to protect those grasslands that remain, better insights into how plant populations respond to different management scenarios are needed.
Using transition matrix models and life‐table response experiment (LTRE) analysis, the effects of different management strategies (grazing, summer and autumn mowing, and no management) on plant performance and population dynamics of the perennial herb Primula veris (Primulaceae) were experimentally studied. Data were collected between 1999 and 2003 in a species‐rich calcareous grassland.
Early grazing (May) resulted in low population growth rates (λ < 0·860) and a mean annual population decline of 11%. Under these conditions, both the proportion of flowering individuals and flower and seed production per plant were low, resulting in seed limitation overall. However, when grazing started later in the growing season (early July) flowering probability and overall seed set increased, as did population growth rates (λ > 1).
Mowing in autumn (October) was the most favourable management scenario (mean λ= 1·213), resulting in high proportions of flowering individuals and a large seed output. Furthermore, this management yielded optimal conditions for recruitment and seedling establishment during the next growing season.
Summer mowing (mid‐July) resulted in a similar increase of flowering and overall seed shed to autumn mowing, but recruitment rates were lower because of a dense and tall vegetation structure at the time of germination. Consequently, population growth rates (mean λ= 1·045) were lower compared with the autumn mowing regime.
No management of the grassland resulted in low growth rates (λ < 0·843) and a mean annual population decline of 35%, because of high mortality rates of each life stage and a lack of recruitment. Recruitment rates were strongly reduced by lowered flowering probabilities and limited germination possibilities.
Synthesis and applications. This study may enable conservation managers to understand better the effects of time and type of management on population dynamics of P. veris. In order to preserve the remaining populations of this long‐lived species, management interventions can promote flowering and seed shed and reduce productivity of the vegetation by mowing in autumn. Finally, this study has clearly shown that the lack of any management, which is the fate of many abandoned calcareous grassland relicts, will seriously restrict the long‐term survival of P. veris.
POOR NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND INFLAMMATION: Anthropometric and Body Composition Assessment in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Chumlea William C. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTAnthropometric and body composition assessments provide important information about the nutritional status of dialysis patients. Anthropometric measurements describe body size, fatness, and leanness in dialysis patients and have been collected in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and HEMO studies. Dialysis patients present special problems for anthropometry, including decreased functional status and increased comorbidity, that challenge nutrition assessment methodology. Recumbent anthropometric techniques are recommended and stature is estimated from knee height. Measures of weight, stature, calf circumference, arm circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfolds have recently been reported for dialysis patients, who tend to be shorter, lighter, and have less adipose tissue than healthy persons of the same age. The HEMO study anthropometric data provide a clinical reference for assessing the nutritional status of dialysis patients. The most common body composition methods used with dialysis patients are dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance, total body water (TBW), and prediction equations, but they are not recommended for assessment of predialysis patients, as estimates are best obtained postdialysis. The TBW volume used in calculating the dose of dialysis has commonly been predicted from the limited, out‐of‐date equations of Watson, based on nonrepresentative samples. New prediction equations are available for white, black, and Mexican American children and adults. Watson's data are not representative of the TBW of U.S. men and women. The greater TBW in non‐Hispanic black men and women and Mexican American women reflects the greater levels of obesity in the U.S. population.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Platelet Activation and Disease Recurrence in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Elizalde J. Ignasi , Pérez‐Pujol Sílvia , Heras Magda , Sionis Alessandro , Casanovas Núria , Martorell Teresa , Lozano Miquel , González Julián , Escolar Ginés , Sanz Ginés , Piqué Josep M. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTBackground.  Platelet activation is consistently observed in animal models of Helicobacter pylori infection and could help to explain the alleged epidemiological association between H. pylori and coronary heart disease.Materials and Methods.  Ninety‐two patients with recent acute coronary syndromes were enrolled. Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients were randomized to receive a 7‐day course of omeprazole, amoxycillin and metronidazole or placebos. Two months later, H. pylori status was reassessed and baseline parameters, including soluble P‐selectin and platelet surface expression of CD62P, CD63 and CD41, were measured again. Patients were followed‐up for 1 year or until death or readmission.Results.  No baseline differences were observed between H. pylori‐positive and ‐negative cases. Among H. pylori‐positive patients, 18 received placebo and 31 received active medication resulting in eradication in 21 cases. No differences were observed in inflammatory parameters or platelet activation markers between patients with persistent or resolved H. pylori infection. However, coronary events recurred at 6 and 12 months, respectively, in 35% and 55% of patients with persisting H. pylori infection compared with 10% and 25% of patients in whom H. pylori was either absent or eradicated (p = .01). Only final H. pylori status [RR 3.07 (95% CI 1.35–98)] and number of coronary risk factors [RR 2.58 (95% CI 1.51–4.41)] were independent predictors of recurrence.Conclusions.  Infection with H. pylori does not induce significant platelet activation in patients treated for coronary disease. Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients, however, may have an increased risk of recurrence of coronary events.
Possible Relationship between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Cap Polyposis of the Colon
Authors: Akamatsu Taiji , Nakamura Naoshi , Kawamura Yoko , Shinji Akihiro , Tateiwa Nobuyuki , Ochi Yasuhide , Katsuyama Tsutomu , Kiyosawa Kendo 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTBackground.  Cap polyposis is a rarely encountered disease characterized by multiple distinctive inflammatory colonic polyps located from the rectum to the distal colon. The etiology of this disease is still unknown, and no specific treatment has been established.Aim.  We report three cases of cap polyposis that were cured following eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection.Methods and Results.  Three women were referred to Shinshu University Hospital because of mucoid and/or bloody diarrhea. Laboratory data showed hypoproteinemia in all cases; markers of inflammation such as C‐reactive protein were negative. Colonoscopy revealed multiple sessile polyps with mucus adherent on the apices of the mucosal folds in the rectum and/or the sigmoid colon. The intervening mucosa was normal. Microscopic examinations of biopsy specimens taken from sessile polyps revealed inflamed mucosa with elongated tortuous crypts attenuated towards the mucosal surface. A granulation tissue ‘cap’ was observed on the surface of the mucosa. Various treatments were unsuccessful, including administration of metronidazole or prednisolone, avoidance of straining at defecation, and surgical or endoscopic resection. All were diagnosed with H. pylori infection in the stomach. Helicobacter pylori was not detected in the biopsy specimens from the colonic inflammatory polyps by immunohistochemical study using polyclonal anti‐H. pylori antibody. After successful eradication therapy the clinical symptoms improved. Disappearance of cap polyposis was confirmed by colonoscopy in all three cases.Conclusion.  We speculate that H. pylori infection might play a role in the pathogenesis of cap polyposis.
The Interleukin‐1 RN Polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Development of Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Hsu Ping‐I , Li Chin‐Ni , Tseng Hui‐Hwa , Lai Kwok‐Hung , Hsu Ping‐Ning , Lo Gin‐Ho , Lo Ching‐Chu , Yeh Jeng‐Jung , Ger Luo‐Ping , Hsiao Michael , Yamaoka Yoshio , Hwang Il‐Ran , Chen Angela 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTBackground.  The host genetic factors that determine the clinical outcomes for Helicobacter pylori‐infected individuals remain unclear.Aims.  To elucidate the relations among interleukin‐1 locus polymorphisms, and H. pylori infection in the development of duodenal ulcers.Materials and methods.  In a case–control study involving 168 control subjects and 147 patients with duodenal ulcer, biallelic polymorphisms of two interleukin‐1 loci, IL‐1B–511 and IL‐1B+3954, as well as the penta‐allelic variable number of tandem repeats of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist IL‐1RN, were genotyped, and the H. pylori states of controls and patients were examined.Results.  Helicobacter pylori infection, male gender and the carriage of IL‐1RN*2 independently increased the risk of duodenal ulcer with odds ratios of 6.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.7–11.0), 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.4) and 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–6.8), respectively. Statistical analysis revealed an interaction between IL‐1RN*2 and H. pylori infection with the duodenal ulcer risk conferred by the H. pylori infection substantially increased (odds ratios, 22.6; 95% confidence interval, 5.9–86.5) by the carriage of IL‐1RN*2. In addition, a synergistic interaction between IL‐1RN*2 and blood group O existed. The combined risk of H. pylori infection, the carriage of IL‐1RN*2 and blood group O for duodenal ulcer was 27.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.1–243.6).Conclusions.  This work is the first to verify IL‐1RN*2 as an independent factor that governs the development of duodenal ulcers. Our data indicate that H. pylori infection and IL‐1RN*2 synergistically determine susceptibility to duodenal ulcer. The blood group phenotype is possibly a crucial determinant for the outcome of the impact of an interleukin‐1 locus polymorphism on H. pylori‐infected individuals.
Evidence for Host Mediation of Preinfection Stages of Phytophthora infestans on the Leaf Surface of Solanum phureja
Authors: Oyarzún P. J. , Yánez J. , Forbes G. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFour experiments were carried out to explore the possible relationships between certain preinfection developmental stages of Phytophthora infestans and certain host attributes of the diploid potato species Solanum phureja. Zoospores attached and germinated in a random manner on all leaf surface structures (undifferentiated epidermal cells, veins, trichomes and stomatal complexes). Appressoria and hyphal ramification in epidermal cells occurred more frequently on leaflet tips than on the base of leaflets. This occurred both in susceptible and resistant host varieties. Regardless of location on the leaflet, appressorium formation and hyphal ramification in epidermal cells was more frequent when zoospores had landed near stomatal complexes. Germination of zoospores occurred with similar frequency on resistant and susceptible cultivars, but appressorium formation and hyphal ramification in epidermal cells occurred more frequently on susceptible accessions. Zoospore germ tubes were longer on resistant accessions. These results indicate that appressorium formation may be mediated by host stimuli, and that host–pathogen signalling for preinfection processes is dependent on the host genotype.
Tissue oxygenation monitoring during major pediatric surgery using transcutaneous liver near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: WEISS MARKUS , SCHULZ GABRIELE , TELLER IAN , DULLENKOPF ALEXANDER , KOLAROVA ANNA , SAILER HERRMANN , DILLIER CLAUDIA M. , BUCHER HANS U. , GERBER ANDREAS C. , BAENZIGER OSKAR 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground : The aim of the study was to compare liver tissue oxygenation determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and intestinal perfusion as measured by gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) in pediatric surgical patients.Methods : Twenty children undergoing craniofacial surgery with expected major intraoperative blood loss were studied. NIRS tissue oxygenation index (TOILiver) and pHi values were recorded. Arterial blood gas analysis and SvO2 were assessed from periodically taken blood samples. Data are presented as ranges (median) and were compared using linear regression analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of the intra‐individual changes in TOILiver to predict falling SvO2 or pHi values were calculated.Results : Patients age ranged from 0.79 to 8.27 years (1.92 years). TOILiver ranged from 41.5 to 77.4% (61.5%), gastric pHi from 7.13 to 7.60 (7.37) and SvO2 from 51 to 86% (74%). Among patients only moderate correlation was found between TOILiver and SvO2 (r = 0.594, P < 0.0001) and gastric pHi (r = 0.502, P < 0.0001). Intra‐individual measured TOILiver values, however, demonstrated close correlation with SvO2 values (r = 0.680 to 0.976) but a varying correlation with gastric pHi values (r = 0.055 to 0.972). Sensitivity/specificity of TOILiver to predict decreasing SvO2 or gastric pHi values were 76.4/73.4% and 67.4/62.7% respectively.Conclusions : TOILiver provided a better trend monitor of central venous oxygen saturation than gastric intramucosal pH. Because of its limited sensitivity and specificity to indicate deterioration of SvO2, liver tissue oxygenation measured by transcutaneous NIRS does not provide additional practical information for clinical management.
Balancing conflicting goals: The big challenge for governments
Authors: Argy Fred 
Published: December 2004

Australians are now reaping the economic fruits of two decades of reform and structural change. But they are being asked to turn their backs on egalitarian values once considered untouchable.This article examines key changes and applies two tests: first, could Australia have achieved broadly the same economic benefits with less equity sacrifice; and, second, did the shift in policy values towards individualism and materialism adequately reflect the community's own preferences and priorities?The article suggests that the economic and social policy revolution of the last two decades does not fully meet these tests. The policy trade‐offs could have been managed better.