bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of rhizome formation in Oryza longistaminata
Authors: Lian Xiaoping , Zhong Liyuan , Bai Yixuan , Guang Xuanmin , Tang Sijia , Guo Xing , Wei Tong , Yang Feng , Zhang Yujiao , Huang Guangfu , Zhang Jing , Shao Lin , Lei Guijie , Li Zheng , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Zhang Shilai , Liu Huan , Hu Fengyi 
Published: February 2024

SummaryRhizomes are modified stems that grow underground and produce new individuals genetically identical to the mother plant. Recently, a breakthrough has been made in efforts to convert annual grains into perennial ones by utilizing wild rhizomatous species as donors, yet the developmental biology of this organ is rarely studied. Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice species featuring strong rhizomes, provides a valuable model for exploration of rhizome development. Here, we first assembled a double‐haplotype genome of O. longistaminata, which displays a 48‐fold improvement in contiguity compared to the previously published assembly. Furthermore, spatiotemporal transcriptomics was performed to obtain the expression profiles of different tissues in O. longistaminata rhizomes and tillers. Two spatially reciprocal cell clusters, the vascular bundle 2 cluster and the parenchyma 2 cluster, were determined to be the primary distinctions between the rhizomes and tillers. We also captured meristem initiation cells in the sunken area of parenchyma located at the base of internodes, which is the starting point for rhizome initiation. Trajectory analysis further indicated that the rhizome is regenerated through de novo generation. Collectively, these analyses revealed a spatiotemporal transcriptional transition underlying the rhizome initiation, providing a valuable resource for future perennial crop breeding.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive histiocytosis with multisystem involvement: A case report
Authors: Tu Yaojun , Lu Yao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive histiocytosis is a rare disease that usually occurs in infants and young children and is characterized by ALK‐positive histiocytes infiltrating organs. We present a case of multisystem involvement of ALK‐positive histiocytosis in a female infant with skin nodules as the initial presentation. Despite multiorgan involvement, most tumors had spontaneously regressed, and all bones were partially healed after 40 months of regular follow‐up without treatment. However, gait abnormalities persisted, indicating that early treatment may have greater impact in maintaining a child's quality of life when the disease involves the brain or the critical period of bone development.
The influence of the perceived requirements of the next match and motivation on the mental fatigue of soccer players
Authors: Rubio‐Morales A. , Díaz‐García J. , Harper L. D. , García‐Calvo T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe high cognitive and/or emotional demands of competition can lead to a state of mental fatigue which has shown to be detrimental to soccer performance. However, there is a need to further understand the true mental demands of soccer players. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of motivation and the perceived requirements of the next match on mental fatigue perceived by soccer players over the passing of a season. The combined effect of both variables on the perception of mental fatigue, as well as the influence of the time of the season on perceived mental fatigue, were also analyzed. Twenty‐six semi‐professional Spanish male players (M = 26.31 ± 5.18 years) participated in the present study, conducted during the 2020–2021 season. Perceived mental fatigue and motivation were measured at each training session. The perceived requirements of the next match were also measured in each of the competitive weeks. Linear mixed models were run with R Studio to examine the influence of motivation and the perceived difficulty of the next match on perceived mental fatigue, the combined effect of both variables on perceived mental fatigue, and the influence of the passing of the season on perceived mental fatigue. The results showed a negative and significant influence of motivation on perceived mental fatigue (p < 0.001) and a positive and significant influence of the perceived requirements of the next match on perceived mental fatigue (p < 0.001). Regarding the combined effect, there was a positive and significant effect (p < 0.01) of the perceived difficulty of the next match on the relation between motivation and perceived mental fatigue. A negative influence of season passage on perceived mental fatigue levels was found (p < 0.001). We recommended coaches to consider using the most motivating training tasks when higher next‐match requirements are perceived and to be careful with avoidance strategies for mental fatigue, especially at the beginning of the season.
What's a(t) stake? On stakes, encroachers, knowledge
Authors: Baumann Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccording to subject‐sensitive invariantism (SSI), whether S knows that p depends not only on the subject's epistemic position (the presence of a true belief, sufficient warrant, etc.) but also on non‐epistemic factors present in the subject's situation; such factors are seen as “encroaching” on the subject's epistemic standing. Not the only such non‐epistemic factor but the most prominent one consists in the subject's practical stakes. Stakes‐based SSI holds that two subjects can be in the same epistemic position with respect to some proposition but with different stakes for the two subjects so that one of them might know the proposition while the other might fail to know it. It is remarkable that the notion of stakes has not been discussed much in great detail at all so far. This paper takes a closer look at this notion and proposes a detailed, new analysis. It turns out that there is more than one kind of stakes, namely event‐stakes, knowledge‐stakes and action‐stakes. I discuss several issues that even plausible notions of stakes raise and propose solutions.
Bidirectional biotic interchange between Taiwan Island and Mainland China via land bridges—A case study of Obeidia Walker (Geometridae, Lepidoptera)
Authors: Cheng Rui , Jiang Nan , Luo A’rong , Orr Michael , Zhou Qingsong , Shi Xiaoyu , Han Hongxiang , Zhu Chaodong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiotic exchanges between Taiwan and Mainland China have shaped the biodiversity and ecosystems of both regions. Exchanges from Mainland China to Taiwan have received more attention, mainly studied in terrestrial vertebrates, while the reverse direction and invertebrates have largely been overlooked. Here, we explore the dispersal events between these two regions based on the moths of three species groups of Obeidia, including Taiwan taxa and its relatives from mainland. We conducted mixed methods and analysis, including reconstructing a phylogenetic tree, estimating associated divergence times and inferring ancestral areas and source regions, to explore the phylogeographical structure and genetic pattern of three groups based on eight genes. Our results revealed a structure of three clades and every clade included at least one Taiwanese taxa and its closest relatives of mainland of China, and also served Taiwan as an important source region of two mainland taxa. Our study revealed various origin pattern and dispersal models on the basis of three species groups of Obeidia. Bi‐directional biotic exchange via a land bridge were found: four Taiwanese taxa originated from mainland, and two of them migrated back to mainland. Both eastern Himalayas and south China are important origin areas for Taiwan biota, and the dominant source region may need multiple insect cases to confirm. Our study also provided evidences for disjunct distribution from the perspective of insecta molecular phylogeny.
Human sodium current voltage‐dependence at physiological temperature measured by coupling a patch‐clamp experiment to a mathematical model
Authors: Abrasheva Veronika O. , Kovalenko Sandaara G. , Slotvitsky Mihail , Romanova Serafima А. , Aitova Aleria A. , Frolova Sheida , Tsvelaya Valeria , Syunyaev Roman A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVoltage‐gated Na+ channels are crucial to action potential propagation in excitable tissues. Because of the high amplitude and rapid activation of the Na+ current, voltage‐clamp measurements are very challenging and are usually performed at room temperature. In this study, we measured Na+ current voltage‐dependence in stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes at physiological temperature. While the apparent activation and inactivation curves, measured as the dependence of current amplitude on voltage, fall within the range reported in previous studies, we identified a systematic error in our measurements. This error is caused by the deviation of the membrane potential from the command potential of the amplifier. We demonstrate that it is possible to account for this artifact using computer simulation of the patch‐clamp experiment. We obtained surprising results through patch‐clamp model optimization: a half‐activation of −11.5 mV and a half‐inactivation of −87 mV. Although the half‐activation deviates from previous research, we demonstrate that this estimate reproduces the conduction velocity dependence on extracellular potassium concentration.
imageKey points
Voltage‐gated Na+ currents play a crucial role in excitable tissues including neurons, cardiac and skeletal muscle.
Measurement of Na+ current is challenging because of its high amplitude and rapid kinetics, especially at physiological temperature.
We have used the patch‐clamp technique to measure human Na+ current voltage‐dependence in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes.
The patch‐clamp data were processed by optimization of the model accounting for voltage‐clamp experiment artifacts, revealing a large difference between apparent parameters of Na+ current and the results of the optimization.
We conclude that actual Na+ current activation is extremely depolarized in comparison to previous studies.
The new Na+ current model provides a better understanding of action potential propagation; we demonstrate that it explains propagation in hyperkalaemic conditions.
Sensitivity of Phonation Onset Pressure to Vocal Fold Stiffness Distribution
Authors: Deng Jonathan J. , Peterson Sean D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Phonation onset is characterized by the unstable growth of vocal fold (VF) vibrations that ultimately results in self-sustained oscillation and the production of modal voice. Motivated by histological studies, much research has focused on the role of the layered structure of the vocal folds in influencing phonation onset, wherein the outer “cover” layer is relatively soft and the inner “body” layer is relatively stiff. Recent research, however, suggests that the body-cover (BC) structure over-simplifies actual stiffness distributions by neglecting important spatial variations, such as inferior–superior (IS) and anterior–posterior gradients and smooth transitions in stiffness from one histological layer to another. Herein, we explore sensitivity of phonation onset to stiffness gradients and smoothness. By assuming no a priori stiffness distribution and considering a second-order Taylor series sensitivity analysis of phonation onset pressure with respect to stiffness, we find two general smooth stiffness distributions most strongly influence onset pressure: a smooth stiffness containing aspects of BC differences and IS gradients in the cover, which plays a role in minimizing onset pressure, and uniform increases in stiffness, which raise onset pressure and frequency. While the smooth stiffness change contains aspects qualitatively similar to layered BC distributions used in computational studies, smooth transitions in stiffness result in higher sensitivity of onset pressure than discrete layering. These two general stiffness distributions also provide a simple, low-dimensional, interpretation of how complex variations in VF stiffness affect onset pressure, enabling refined exploration of the effects of stiffness distributions on phonation onset.
Dual-Orthogonal-Plane Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement of the Turbulent Flow in the Channel Head of a Large-Scale Steam Generator Mockup
Authors: Li Sen , Liao Juan , He Chuangxin , Song Chunjing , Liu Yingzheng , Zhong Yun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, a large-scale mockup of a compact complex system integrating a steam generator (SG) and a reactor coolant pump (RCP) is considered. The three-dimensional turbulent flow in the steam generator channel head (SGCH) is measured in detail. Dual-orthogonal-plane particle image velocimetry (PIV) is employed to extract high-resolution flow information in two orthogonal planes. Two separate measurements are first made to see the three-dimensional time-mean flow dynamics and the statistical quantities in the two planes. These measurements highlight two distinct flow phenomena: jet arrays and massive turbulent separation bubbles (TSBs). These patterns are attributed to mass flow redistribution in the U-shaped tubes. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) identifies the first POD mode as corresponding to the TSB breathing-like motion, which significantly intensifies the side view streamwise velocity fluctuations, leading to them reaching 370% of the local mean velocity. To examine the unsteady behavior of massively separated regions, the dual-orthogonal-plane PIV system is then synchronized to simultaneously measure variations in the flow fields, and the missing data due to illumination interference are reconstructed using gappy POD. The synchronized analysis reveals a direct relationship between the low-frequency fluctuations in the side and front views. These fluctuations are in phase across both views, indicating a synchronized behavior that spans the entire field. This large-scale low-frequency breathing motion has critical implications for numerical simulations and sheds light on the unsteady behavior of the RCP system within the SGCH.
Transcription activation in
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella
Authors: Busby Stephen J. W. , Browning Douglas F. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Promoter-specific activation of transcript initiation provides an important regulatory device in
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella
. Here, we describe the different mechanisms that operate, focusing on how they have evolved to manage the “housekeeping” bacterial transcription machinery. Some mechanisms involve assisting the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase or replacing or remodeling one of its subunits. Others are directed to chromosomal DNA, improving promoter function, or relieving repression. We discuss how different activators work together at promoters and how the present complex network of transcription factors evolved.
Recognizing big mantle wedges in deep time: Constraints from the Western Mongolia Collage in Central Asia
Authors: Cui Xing , Cawood Peter A. , Sun Min , Zhao Guochun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A big mantle wedge (BMW) is defined as the broad region of upper mantle above a stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone (MTZ). It is a common and significant structure within Earth's interior at modern convergent plate margins as revealed by seismic data yet rarely identified in fossil convergent systems. We propose the existence of a BMW beneath the Western Mongolia Collage during the early to middle Paleozoic based on a comprehensive chronology of geological events that characterized the accretionary orogen in this region. The trench-arc system initially developed above a NE-dipping subduction zone, with subduction-related arc magmatism clustered at ca. 530–490 Ma and accumulations of flysch-like sequences from the Cambrian to early Silurian constituting the accretionary wedge of the Altai Zone. The westward migration of the arc was likely driven by slab rollback and trench retreat, leading to gradual formation of a BMW as the slab stagnated at the MTZ. The BMW influenced the tectonic evolution of the entire Western Mongolia Collage, inducing Ordovician–Silurian intraplate magmatism in regions inboard of the migrating magmatic arc and the potential opening of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Westward movement of the trench-arc continued until the Devonian, resulting in back-arc basin formation in the Chinese Altai and intraplate magmatism in the Hovd and Lake Zones of the Western Mongolia Collage, forming a trench–arc–back-arc and intraplate tectonic system. Mantle flow within the BMW is inferred to have impacted magmatism, basin migration, and the stress and thermal state of the overriding plate.
Characteristics of children requiring admission to neonatal care and paediatric intensive care before the age of 2 years in England and Wales: a data linkage study
Authors: Seaton Sarah E , Battersby Cheryl , Davis Peter J , Fenton Alan C , Anderson Josie , van Hasselt Tim J , Draper Elizabeth 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo quantify the characteristics of children admitted to neonatal units (NNUs) and paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) before the age of 2 years.DesignA data linkage study of routinely collected data.SettingNational Health Service NNUs and PICUs in England and WalesPatientsChildren born from 2013 to 2018.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measureAdmission to PICU before the age of 2 years.ResultsA total of 384 747 babies were admitted to an NNU and 4.8% (n=18 343) were also admitted to PICU before the age of 2 years. Approximately half of all children admitted to PICU under the age of 2 years born in the same time window (n=18 343/37 549) had previously been cared for in an NNU.The main reasons for first admission to PICU were cardiac (n=7138) and respiratory conditions (n=5386). Cardiac admissions were primarily from children born at term (n=5146), while respiratory admissions were primarily from children born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestational age, n=3550). A third of children admitted to PICU had more than one admission.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals caring for babies and children in NNU and PICU see some of the same children in the first 2 years of life. While some children are following established care pathways (eg, staged cardiac surgery), the small proportion of children needing NNU care subsequently requiring PICU care account for a large proportion of the total PICU population. These differences may affect perceptions of risk for this group of children between NNU and PICU teams.
Review of implementation models for children’s sleep support services in the UK
Authors: Jarvis Katie , Cartledge Anna , Martin Sarah , Lawson Candi , Palmer Marissa , Beevers Vicki , Elphick Heather E 
Published: February 2024

Sleep deprivation has a serious impact on physical and mental health. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are frequently affected by chronic insomnia, defined as difficulty in either initiating sleep, maintaining sleep continuity or poor sleep quality which can lead to long-term detrimental effects on behaviour, learning and development.Interventions to address chronic insomnia in children include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. While some children unequivocally benefit from pharmacological treatment, recommendations suggest an intervention based on cognitive–behavioural techniques involving a thorough assessment of the child’s sleep pattern, environment and psychosocial factors supporting the child to learn to self-soothe as first-line treatment. Evidence from sleep clinics delivered by trained community practitioners supports the efficacy of an intensive programme, whereby education, practical advice and follow-up support were key factors; however, these services are inconsistently resourced. In practice, sleep support interventions range from verbal advice given in clinics to healthy sleep leaflets to tailored and non-tailored parent-directed interventions. Delivery models include promotion of safe sleep within a wider health promotion context and targeted early intervention within sleep clinics delivered in health and community services or by the third sector but evidence for each model is lacking.We describe a comprehensive whole systems city-wide model of sleep support, ranging from awareness raising, universal settings, targeted support for complex situations to specialist support, delivered according to complexity and breadth of need. By building capacity and quality assurance into the existing workforce, the service has been sustainable and has continued to develop since its initial implementation in 2017. With increasing access to specialist sleep services across the UK, this model could become a widely generalisable approach for delivery of sleep services to children in the UK and lead to improved outcomes in those with severe sleep deprivation.
Variant and clinical landscape of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy based on 1516 families with mtDNA variants in a tertiary centre
Authors: Zheng Yuxi , Wang Yingwei , Jiang Yi , Wang Junwen , Li Shiqiang , Xiao Xueshan , Sun Wenmin , Wang Panfeng , Zhang Qingjiong , Jia Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2024

AimsTo investigate the clinical characteristics of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) with mtDNA primary mutations to better understand features associated with prognosis.MethodsThis study enrolled 1540 LHON patients from 1516 unrelated families genetically confirmed by Sanger or whole-mitochondrial sequencing between 1997 and 2022. The spectrum of variants was summarised and compared in different ethnic groups. Clinical data from outpatients were collected, including onset age, disease course, optic disc categories and the corresponding visual acuity.ResultsOf the 1516 LHON families, 13 pathogenic mtDNA variants were detected, in which the proportion of m.11778G>A, m.3460G>A and m.3635G>A was significantly different from non-East Asians (p<0.0001). About 95% (1075/1131) of patients were between 8 and 40 years old at onset, with a median onset age of 16. The eyes of m.14484T>C patients presented with better visual acuity and slower progression across patients with different onset ages and initial severity. Eyes (N=439) with available fundus images were divided into four categories (C1–C4). The progression grades were derived from the category and the corresponding time course, where a higher grade (C3–C4 within 1 year) was associated with greater visual impairment than a lower grade (C1–C2 over 1 year) (p=4.60E-05) . A prognostic matrix showed that later onset and a higher progression grade are associated with higher risk of blindness.ConclusionCompared with non-East Asians, Chinese LHON patients had higher proportions of m.11778G>A and m.3635G>A and lower m.3460G>A mutations. A novel progression grade derived from optic disc category was proposed. The prognostic matrix indicated that lower grade and younger-onset age are the most favourable prognostic factors.