bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A specific model of Hilbert geometry on the unit disc
Authors: Charitos Charalampos , Papadoperakis Ioannis , Tsapogas Georgios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new metric on the open 2-dimensional unit disk is defined making it a geodesically complete metric space whose geodesic lines are precisely the Euclidean straight lines. Moreover, it is shown that the unit disk with this new metric is not isometric to any hyperbolic model of constant negative curvature, nor to any convex domain in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

equipped with its Hilbert metric.
Sprachkompetenz und fachliche Leistung
Authors: Merkert A. , Leiss D. , Lenske G. 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluss sprachlicher bzw. fachsprachlicher Kompetenzen auf die Mathematikleistung konnte durch zahlreiche empirische Befunde belegt werden. Als einflussreich erwies sich diesbezüglich auch der sozioökonomische Status von Schülerinnen und Schülern. Dieser hängt nicht nur mit der mathematischen, sondern auch sprachlichen Leistung zusammen. Untersucht wurde daher auf Basis der Daten von 438 Grundschülerinnen und Grundschülern, inwiefern der Einfluss des sozioökonomischen Status auf die Mathematikleistung durch die fachbezogene Sprachkompetenz mediiert wird. Herangezogen wurden als Indikatoren für den soziökonomischen Status die Bildungsabschlüsse der Eltern sowie die Anzahl der Bücher im Haushalt (Book-Index), deren Einflüsse auch im Vergleich betrachtet wurden. Die Ergebnisse der latenten Pfadanalysen zeigen, dass eine Mediation durch die fachbezogene Sprachkompetenz auch unter Berücksichtigung des Intelligenzquotienten sowie des Migrationshintergrunds zumindest partiell vorliegt. Nach Aufnahme des Mediators ins Modell blieb der zuvor analysierte direkte Effekt zwar weiterhin bedeutsam, verringerte sich jedoch deutlich. Dies gilt unabhängig von den gewählten Indikatoren. Bedeutsam erscheint darüber hinaus der Befund der Mehrebenenanalyse: Festgestellt werden konnte, dass der Einfluss familiärer Hintergrundmerkmale sowie der fachbezogenen Sprachkompetenz auf die Mathematikleistung zwischen verschiedenen Schulen variiert.
Perspektiven und neue Entwicklungen in der Organisations- und Professionalisierungsforschung in der Weiterbildung
Authors: Tippelt Rudolf , Lange Nick 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungGestaltungsaufgaben pädagogischen Handelns in Institutionen und Organisationen betonen heute das „System des Lebenslangen Lernens“. Auch in den Aus- und Fortbildungsdimensionen für pädagogische Berufe kommen zugehörige Gestaltungs- und Handlungsanforderungen zum Ausdruck. Eine aufeinander Bezug nehmende interdisziplinäre Organisations- und Professionalisierungsforschung rückt in den Vordergrund. Dieser Beitrag formuliert Thesen zur jeweiligen Richtung aktueller organisationaler und professioneller Entwicklung und Forschung in der Weiter- und Erwachsenenbildung. Eine mehrebenen-analytische Betrachtung wird durchgeführt, um die unterschiedlichen Dimensionen, in denen Entwicklungen für Organisationen, professionell Handelnde und Teilnehmende wirksam werden, zu integrieren.
Auchliteratur
Authors: Gilbert Annette 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungMassenhaft über Print-on-Demand-Plattformen publizierte Literatur wird hier, in Anleihe an den ›Auchbuchhandel‹, als Teilbereich einer ›Auchliteratur‹ entworfen, die Zeugnis einer einzigartigen Demokratisierung des Büchermachens ist, zugleich aber mit mangelnder Wertschätzung und Überlieferung sowie der besonderen Prekarität des Publikationsmodells zu kämpfen hat.
Sachsen-Anhalt im Fokus: Die Einstellungen der Bevölkerung Sachsen-Anhalts zur Demokratie und zu politischen Institutionen
Authors: Völkl Kerstin 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Entwicklung der politischen Kultur in Sachsen-Anhalt, die anhand von drei Fragen untersucht wird: 1) Wie haben sich die Einstellungen der Bürger:innen Sachsen-Anhalts zur Demokratie und zu politischen Institutionen zwischen 2007 und 2020 entwickelt?; 2) Welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen diesen Einstellungen?; 3) Und wie lassen sich diese Einstellungen empirisch erklären? Die Analysen zeigen, dass demokratische Prinzipien und die Demokratie als beste Staatsidee über die Zeit positiv beurteilt werden. Anders als erwartet fällt der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen diffusen, regimebezogenen Unterstützungsformen gering aus. Bestätigt hat sich jedoch, dass sich diese Einstellungen besser durch tiefer im Orientierungssystem des Menschen verankerte Determinanten, wie politische Motivations- oder Sozialisationsansätze, erklären lassen. Im Gegensatz dazu sind die Zufriedenheit mit der Demokratie und das Vertrauen in politische Institutionen neutral ausgeprägt und weisen stärkere Schwankungen über die Zeit auf. Wie erwartet besteht ein starker Zusammenhang zwischen dieser spezifischen bzw. autoritätsbezogenen Unterstützungsform. Ebenso hat sich bestätigt, dass diese Einstellungen vor allem durch Determinanten, die den performanzbasierten und akteursbezogenen Ansätzen zuzurechnen sind, zu erklären sind.
A right to exclusion or a right to migration? – Neither!
Authors: Tiedemann Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe discussion about the open-border postulate, initiated by Joseph H. Carens in 1983, is developing an ever-increasing dynamism in both Anglo-American and German-speaking philosophy. There are two positions in this discussion: (1) the view that states have the sovereign right to decide whether and under what conditions they grant entry and residence to aliens (the right to exclusion); (2) the view that all people have a moral right to global free movement (the right to migration).The essay defends the thesis that there is neither a moral right to migration nor a moral right to exclusion. In the relationship between states and aliens, the state of nature prevails. In the state of nature there are no moral rights and duties other than human rights. Neither the alleged right to migration, i.e. global free movement nor the alleged right to exclusion can be considered a human right.The study is focused solely on ethics. Positive law, which depends on many coincidences anyway, is not considered.
Clinical outcomes and surgical strategy for spine tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arifin Jainal , Biakto Karya Triko , Johan Muhammad Phetrus , Anwar St. Fatimah Zahrah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a slow-developing disease that often causes cord compression, spinal instability, and deformity. Surgery is generally required in cases of refractory disease, severe kyphosis, neurological deficits, or lack of improvement. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence in comparing the efficacy of various surgical approaches. The study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the relative effectiveness of the available surgical modalities in the management of spinal TB.

Methods
This review adhered to the PRISMA statement with searching conducted until 11th April 2023. Inclusion criteria included studies involving surgical procedures for spinal tuberculosis, with relevant clinical outcomes reported. Data extraction involved the collection of information on study and population characteristics, interventions used, relevant clinical outcomes, and reported complications. The risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies tool.

Results
Searching resulted in 20 cohort studies that analyzed surgical methods for spinal tuberculosis. Eleven studies had low bias and nine studies had moderate bias. The anterior approach was associated with faster perioperative duration [− 2.02 (− 30.71, 26.67), p < 0.00001], less blood loss [− 4242 (− 176.02, 91.18), p < 0.00001], shorter hospitalization [− 0.19 (− 2.39, 2.01), p < 0.00001], better angle correction [1.01 (− 1.82, 3.85), p < 0.00001], and better correction rates [11.36 (− 7.32, 30.04), p < 0.00001] compared to the posterior approach. Regarding neurological function recovery, the anterior and posterior approaches were equally effective, while the posterior approach was associated with a higher incidence of complications. The review also reported on the complications associated with the surgical approaches, and 9 out of 20 studies reported complications. The anterior approach was found to have fewer complications overall.

Conclusion
The anterior approach is thought to have fewer complications than both combined and posterior-only approaches, but the variability of the findings indicates that the decision-making process for selecting a surgical approach must consider individual patient and disease characteristics, as well as surgeon training.
Effect of higher H2S concentration over CO2 in acid gas mixtures during geosequestration
Authors: Ofori Kofi , Barifcani Ahmed , Phan Chi M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDecarbonisation of most industrial processes is imperative to achieve climate neutrality. In oil and gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) and natural gas are being discovered together with increasingly higher quantities of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The negative effects of acid gases (predominantly CO2 and H2S) in that industry mean they have to be separated before both natural gas and petroleum fuels can be classified as safe for transportation and usage. The separated acid gas, usually composed of a higher CO2 volume is stored and utilised in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or geologically stored (geosequestered) in formations. There are increasingly instances in which higher volume of H2S acid gas mixtures are being discovered and explored. In this work, the effects of a higher mole percentage H2S in an acid gas mixture is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The analysis found that it was easier for higher CO2 acid mixtures to reach pressure convergence comparatively. It has also been discovered that higher H2S acid gas mixtures had lower interfacial tension, which makes them more hydrophilic and more miscible with the formation water. The higher H2S acid gas content mixtures also have wider water coverage widths and greater interfacial interactivity between the injected and formation fluids. From the density profiles, H2S gas in the higher H2S acid gas mixture is found to have more influence on the higher H2S acid gas/water injection/sequestration process compared to the effect of CO2 on the higher CO2 acid gas mixture/water. While H2S is slightly more polar than the nonpolar CO2, the carbon of CO2’s ability to form strong dipole–dipole interactions with the oxygen of water increases the CO2's polarity, and this is reflected in the assertion of the primacy of the $${\text{O}}_{{{\text{H}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}}} \cdots {\text{C}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{{2}} }}$$

O

H
2

O

⋯

C

CO
2

interaction over all other pairs from the radial distribution function in the water/acid gas mixture during geosequestration. This demonstrates also that a reduction in interfacial tension is possible even for hydrophobic phases.
The Alternative Livestock Revolution: Prospects for Consumer Acceptance of Plant-based and Cultured Meat in South Africa
Authors: Tsvakirai Chiedza , Nalley Lawton , Rider Shelby , Van Loo Ellen , Tshehla Makgopa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough South Africa accounts for half of the alternative meat market for the African continent, there remains a lack of information about consumer demand for plant-based and lab-cultured meat and its market potential domestically. This study reports the results of a nationwide survey of 649 South African consumers who completed a choice experiment in which they selected among conventional beef and three alternative burger patties at varying prices. Results indicate that holding prices constant and conditional on choosing a food product, 21% of the market share was estimated for plant-based meat alternatives and 38% for lab-cultured meat.
Stepping-Up: Impacts of Armed Conflicts on Land Expansion
Authors: Adelaja Adesoji , George Justin , Jayne Thomas , Muyanga Milu , Awokuse Titus , Aromolaran Adebayo , Liverpool-Tasie Lenis Saweda O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLand expansion by existing smallholder farmers (SHFs), aka stepping-up, is a major pathway to the rise of medium-scale farmers (MSFs) in Africa. In this paper, we investigate if and how armed conflicts constrain the ability of SHFs to transition to MSFs. We find that increased conflict intensity reduces the likelihood that a SHF will expand to a larger scale, especially for farmers who rely mostly on farm incomes, rather than off-farm incomes, for their livelihoods. These findings uphold other evidence that peace and stability influence private investment, including land-based investments, that are associated with economic transformation.
Functional improvements associated with cranioplasty after stroke and traumatic brain injury: a cohort study
Authors: Coelho F. , Noleto G.S. , Solla D.J.F. , Martins P.N. , Andrade A.F. , Teixeira M.J. , Paiva W.S. , Anghinah R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Decompressive craniectomy is part of the acute management of several neurosurgical illnesses, and is commonly followed by cranioplasty. Data are still scarce on the functional and cognitive outcomes following cranioplasty. We aim to evaluate these outcomes in patients who underwent cranioplasty following traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke.Methods:In this prospective cohort, we assessed 1-month and 6-month neuropsychological and functional outcomes in TBI and stroke patients who underwent cranioplasty at a Brazilian tertiary center. The primary outcome was the change in the Digits Test at 1 and 6 months after cranioplasty. Repeated measures general linear models were employed to assess the patients' evolution and interactions with baseline characteristics. Effect size was estimated by the partial η2.Results:A total of 20 TBI and 14 stroke patients were included (mean age 42 ± 14 years; 52.9% male; average schooling 9.5 ± 3.8 years; 91.2% right-handed). We found significant improvements in the Digits Tests up to 6 months after cranioplasty (p = 0.004, partial η2 = 0.183), as well as in attention, episodic memory, verbal fluency, working memory, inhibitory control, visuoconstructive and visuospatial abilities (partial η2 0.106–0.305). We found no interaction between the cranioplasty effect and age, sex or schooling. Patients submitted to cranioplasty earlier (<1 year) after injury had better outcomes.Conclusion:Cognitive and functional outcomes improved after cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy for stroke or TBI. This effect was consistent regardless of age, sex, or education level and persisted after 6 months. Some degree of spontaneous improvement might have contributed to the results.
Prediction of equivalent sand-grain size and identification of drag-relevant scales of roughness – a data-driven approach
Authors: Yang Jiasheng , Stroh Alexander , Lee Sangseung , Bagheri Shervin , Frohnapfel Bettina , Forooghi Pourya 
Published: November 2023

Despite decades of research, a universal method for prediction of roughness-induced skin friction in a turbulent flow over an arbitrary rough surface is still elusive. The purpose of the present work is to examine two possibilities; first, predicting equivalent sand-grain roughness size$k_s$based on the roughness height probability density function and power spectrum (PS) leveraging machine learning as a regression tool; and second, extracting information about relevance of different roughness scales to skin-friction drag by interpreting the output of the trained data-driven model. The model is an ensemble neural network (ENN) consisting of 50 deep neural networks. The data for the training of the model are obtained from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent flow in plane channels over 85 irregular multi-scale roughness samples at friction Reynolds number$Re_\tau =800$. The 85 roughness samples are selected from a repository of 4200 samples, covering a wide parameter space, through an active learning (AL) framework. The selection is made in several iterations, based on the informativeness of samples in the repository, quantified by the variance of ENN predictions. This AL framework aims to maximize the generalizability of the predictions with a certain amount of data. This is examined using three different testing data sets with different types of roughness, including 21 surfaces from the literature. The model yields overall mean error 5 %–10 % on different testing data sets. Subsequently, a data interpretation technique, known as layer-wise relevance propagation, is applied to measure the contributions of different roughness wavelengths to the predicted$k_s$. High-pass filtering is then applied to the roughness PS to exclude the wavenumbers identified as drag-irrelevant. The filtered rough surfaces are investigated using DNS, and it is demonstrated that despite significant impact of filtering on the roughness topographical appearance and statistics, the skin-friction coefficient of the original roughness is preserved successfully.
An overview of the occurrence and distribution of plastics in wastewater treatment plants and the necessity of developing up-to-date management strategies
Authors: Akarsu Ceyhun , Sönmez Vildan Zülal , Sivri Nüket 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although studies suggest that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the main pathway for plastics into receiving waters, studies on the origin and fate of plastics entering WWTPs are imprecise and largely unexplored. The analysis of plastics in samples from WWTPs is also a relatively young and growing field compared with the marine environment. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that plastics are not uniformly distributed in WWTPs due to environmental factors and the inherent properties of plastics. Accordingly, this review article attempts to describe the current state of knowledge on plastic pollution in WWTPs and identify future research areas. In particular, this study describes the sources of plastics entering WWTPs and the analytical techniques used for the occurrence and properties of plastics in WWTPs. It also defines the role of these plastics as a possible source of microplastics and discusses the problems they can cause in WWTPs. The factors that can influence the variations in the number of plastics are defined. Furthermore, the policy needs for managing plastic pollution as a contribution to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are assessed.
Infant gut microbiota and negative and fear reactivity
Authors: Huovinen Venla , Aatsinki Anna-Katariina , Kataja Eeva-Leena , Munukka Eveliina , Keskitalo Anniina , Lamichhane Santosh , Raunioniemi Peppi , Bridgett David J. , Lahti Leo , O’Mahony Siobhain M. , Dickens Alex , Korja Riikka , Karlsson Hasse , Nolvi Saara , Karlsson Linnea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:Studies indicate that gut microbiota is related to neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes. Accordingly, early gut microbiota composition (GMC) has been linked to child temperament, but research is still scarce. The aim of this study was to examine how early GMC at 2.5 months is associated with child negative and fear reactivity at 8 and 12 months since they are potentially important intermediate phenotypes of later child psychiatric disorders.Methods:Our study population was 330 infants enrolled in the longitudinal FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using stool sample 16s rRNA sequencing. Negative and fear reactivity were assessed using the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB) at child’s age of 8 months (n =150) and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (IBQ-R SF) at child’s age of 12 months (n = 276).Conclusions:We found a positive association between alpha diversity and reported fear reactivity and differing microbial community composition based on negative reactivity for boys. Isobutyric acid correlated with observed negative reactivity, however, this association attenuated in the linear model. Several genera were associated with the selected infant temperament traits. This study adds to the growing literature on links between infant gut microbiota and temperament informing future mechanistic studies.
Demographics of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in annual and perennial cover crops
Authors: Weisberger David A. , Leon Ramon G. , Gruner Chandler E. , Levi Matthew , Gaur Nandita , Morgan Gaylon , Basinger Nicholas T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is the most problematic weed of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-cropping systems in the U.S. Southeast. Heavy reliance on herbicides has selected for resistance to multiple herbicide mechanisms of action. Effective management of this weed may require the integration of cultural practices that limit germination, establishment, and growth. Cover crops have been promoted as a cultural practice that targets these processes. We conducted a 2-yr study in Georgia, USA, to measure the effects of two annual cover crops (cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] and crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.]), a perennial living mulch (‘Durana®’ white clover [Trifolium repens L.]), and a bare ground control on A. palmeri population dynamics. The study was conducted in the absence of herbicides. Growth stages were integrated into a basic demographic model to evaluate differences in population trajectories. Cereal rye and living mulch treatments suppressed weed seedling recruitment (seedlings seed−1) 19.2 and 13 times and 12 and 25 times more than the bare ground control, respectively. Low recruitment was correlated positively with low light transmission (photosynthetic active radiation: above canopy photosynthetically active radiation [PAR]/below cover crop PAR) at the soil surface. Low recruitment rates were also negatively correlated with high survival rates. Greater survival rates and reduced adult plant densities resulted in greater biomass (g plant−1) and fecundity (seeds plant−1) in cereal rye and living mulch treatments in both years. The annual rate of population change (seeds seed−1) was equivalent across all treatments in the first year but was greater in the living mulch treatment in the second year. Our results highlight the potential of annual cover crops and living mulches for suppressing A. palmeri seedling recruitment and would be valuable tools as part of an integrated weed management strategy.
A hydrothermal model to predict Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) seedling emergence in the dryland of the Pacific Northwest (USA)
Authors: Oreja Fernando H. , Genna Nicholas G. , Gonzalez-Andujar Jose L. , Wuest Stewart B. , Barroso Judit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRussian thistle (Salsola tragusL.) is among the most troublesome weeds in cropland and ruderal semiarid areas of the Pacific Northwest (PNW). PredictingS. tragusemergence timing plays a critical role in scheduling weed management measures. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a predictive model of the seedling emergence pattern ofS. tragusunder field conditions in the PNW to increase the efficacy of control measures targeting this species. The relationship between cumulative seedling emergence and cumulative hydrothermal time under field conditions was modeled using the Weibull function. This model is the first to use hydrothermal time units (HTT) to predictS. tragusemergence and showed a very good fit to the experimental data. According to this model, seedling emergence starts at 5 HTT, and 50% and 90% emergence is completed at 56 HTT and 177 HTT, respectively. For model validation, independent field experiments were carried out. Cumulative seedling emergence was accurately predicted by the model, supporting the idea that this model is robust enough to be used as a predictive tool forS. tragusseedling emergence. Our model can serve as the basis for the development of decision support systems, helping farmers make the best decisions to controlS. traguspopulations in no-till fallow and spring wheat systems.