bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermotropic Polymer Gels: Smart Gel Glass
Authors: Szilágyi András , Gyenes Tamás , Filipcsei Genovéva , Zrínyi Miklós 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSeveral attempts have been made recently in order to develop “smart” windows, which can moderate light and heat intensities. Thermotropic gels have met with growing interest because of their advanced properties. Based upon phase transitions of polymer gels, a novel thermally adjustable window, which includes a gel layer, has been developed in our laboratory. The so‐called gel‐glass becomes opaque when the temperature exceeds a certain value and goes back to its original transparent state when it is cooled below the critical value again. Intelligent “gel‐glasses” made of these materials can moderate the amount of sunlight and radiated heat. The optical properties of the gel layer are also modified by the Joule heat of audio frequency AC current. Two types of gel‐glasses have been developed and investigated. Phase transition temperature of a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) based gel was adjusted by copolymerization and by changing of the solvent composition. The cloud point of a poly(methyl vinyl ether) – water system in a PVA gel was varied by modifying the composition of the swelling agent. In the case of electrically adjustable thermotropic windows, optical properties, energy consumption and temperature changes during the switching process were studied.
Out‐of‐band improvement by BPFs with multiple attenuation poles using a condition of variable coupling length of a parallel partially coupled‐line section
Authors: Pokharel Ramesh K. , Wada Kouji , Ohno T. , Hashimoto Osamu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA combination of two microstrip‐line resonators, which are partially coupled, are considered in a parallel partially coupled‐line bandpass filter (BPF), where one resonator is one half‐wavelength (λ/2) long, and the other (whose one end is grounded) is only one quarter‐wavelength (λ/4) long. Therefore, the length of a coupled‐line section can be varied based on the position of the grounded end. Five conditions of the movable coupling length are simulated, which greatly influences the spurious responses of the BPF. This property is numerically investigated in this paper. The analysis shows that, based on the grounding position, this method is capable of realizing improved out‐of‐band characteristics by locating the multiple attenuation poles in the stopband and improved spurious responses up to five times of the passband frequency (5f0) of a parallel partially coupled‐line BPF. An empirical model of the BPF is fabricated, and the numerical results are verified via comparison with the experiment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 4–9, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21064
Infrared‐frequency coplanar striplines: Design, fabrication, and measurements
Authors: Mandviwala Tasneem , Lail Brian , Boreman Glenn 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe investigate the feasibility of coplanar striplines (CPSs) in conjunction with infrared (IR) detectors. Because of unique attenuation and dispersion issues, the analytical formulas for transmission‐line parameters valid below a few hundred GHz are not applicable at IR. Therefore, we perform numerical modeling to determine these parameters (at 28.3 THz). A comparison of the modeling and the measured response is presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 17–20, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21068
All fiber erbium‐ytterbium co‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Wang Hua , Li Yi‐Gang , Chen Sheng‐Ping , Zhu Jian‐Ping , Zhang Yun , Xu Tuan‐Wei , Lu Ke‐Cheng 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn all‐fiber erbium‐ytterbium co‐doped fiber laser (EYDFL), with a double‐cladding erbium‐ytterbium co‐doped fiber (EYDF) of 15 m as active fiber, is reported. Up to 1.027‐W output power at 1567.0 nm under pump power of 3.16 W and slope efficiency of 34.5% with respect to the launched pump power are obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 31–34, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21072
Novel compact microstrip bandpass filter using a triangular resonator
Authors: Chen Jian‐Xin , Shi Jin , Xue Quan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel compact microstrip bandpass filter using a triangular resonator is proposed. The bandpass filter has the characteristic of the quasi‐elliptical response, and several transmission zeros in the stopband are realized in order to improve the selectivity of the passband. A demonstration filter was designed, fabricated, and tested. The theoretical and experimental results are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 49–50, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21078
Evaluation of scattering parameters, gain, and feedback‐capacitance‐dependent noise performance of a pseudomorphic high‐electron‐mobility transistor
Authors: Guru Vandana , Vyas H. P. , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper evaluates microwave performance in terms of scattering parameters and gains and presents the effect of gate‐to‐drain capacitance Cgd on the noise behavior of a pseudomorphic high‐electron mobility transistor (PHEMT). An analytical expression for Cgd is obtained and the influence of gate length, epilayer thickness, and gate and drain bias upon this PHEMT is studied. Analytically calculated small‐signal parameters are used to evaluate the intrinsic and extrinsic scattering parameters and gains of the PHEMT. Finally, the dependence of bias and frequency on minimum noise figure, scattering parameters, and gains is studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 51–57, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21079
An essential difference between dielectric mirrors and chiral mirrors
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Xu Jian 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe boundary conditions on the exposed face of a dielectric mirror are shown to be effectively the same as those for perfect electric conductors, whereas the boundary conditions on the exposed face of a chiral mirror are very different from those for either perfect electric conductors or perfect magnetic conductors. Cavities between two chiral mirrors have a relatively uniform field distribution, which is significant for spectral‐hole filters and coherent light generation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 63–64, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21082
Design tradeoff for SiGe 0.35‐μm BiCMOS low‐power and high figure‐of‐merit LNA
Authors: Chen Hsien‐Ku , Chen Hsien‐Jui , Juang Ying‐Zong , Chiu Chin‐Fong 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA 5.4‐mW ultra‐low dc power low‐noise amplifier (LNA) at 5.5 GHz, based on 0.35‐μm BiCMOS technology, is presented. The trade‐off between the NF and linearity for LNA circuit design has been investigated. Furthermore, the use of the HBT‐cascade‐MOS methodology simultaneously satisfies the trade‐off between the noise figure (NF) and linearity of the LNA. This amplifier achieves a gain/NF × PDCratio figure of merit of 0.774 (1/mW), which is the best reported at the 5–6‐GHz band, and is suitable for wireless LAN applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 65–68, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21083
VCO active integrated antenna with reactive impedance surfaces
Authors: Urbani Fabio , Bilotti Filiberto , Alù Andrea , Vegni Lucio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we present the design of an active integrated antenna (AIA) using a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) for applications in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band (2.4 to 2.4835 GHz). The realized active circuit makes use of compact devices in surface‐mounting device (SMD) technology, while the passive radiating element is placed over a reactive‐impedance surface (RIS), properly designed to show an inductive surface impedance within the operative frequency band. The final layout has been optimized in terms of dimensions to achieve the integration of the antenna and the active/transmissive circuits on the opposite faces of a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card. The design is conducted through the employment of a rigorous method of moments (MoM) formulation, used for the design of the antenna, and of a commercial tool for the nonlinear analysis of the active circuitry. Some preliminary experimental results are also presented to illustrate the features of the antenna here proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 82–86, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21088
A 60‐GHz GaAs micromachined slow‐wave bandpass filter using a microstrip stepped‐impedance hairpin resonator
Authors: Cho Ju‐Hyun , Yun Tae‐Soon , Kim Ki‐Byoung , Baek Tae‐Jong , Ko Baek‐Seok , Shin Dong‐Hoon , Lee Jong‐Chul 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a new microstrip stepped‐impedance hairpin resonator (SIHR) slow‐wave bandpass filter (BPF) using a dielectric‐supported air‐gapped microstrip line (DAML) via surface micromachining on GaAs substrate is proposed. The slow‐wave periodic structures utilize the parallel‐ and series‐resonance characteristics of the resonators to construct a band‐pass filter. The proposed slow‐wave band‐pass filter is designed to produce a passband of 10% at the fundamental frequency of 60 GHz. It exhibits insertion loss of 2.23 dB, return loss of better than 15 dB, and a stopband greater than 35 dB. This filter is useful for many millimeter‐wave system applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 86–89, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21089
Compact microstrip‐fed antenna with band‐stop characteristic for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Choi Wooyoung , Jung Jihak , Chung Kyungho , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel compact and microstrip‐fed antenna with band‐stop characteristic for ultra‐wideband applications is presented. By embedding a notch in the ground plane, the ultra‐wideband property for the proposed antenna is achieved. To create a frequency band‐stop characteristic, a simple U‐shape slot is inserted into the radiating patch. The designed antenna has a stop‐band of 4.92 to 5.86 GHz while maintaining wideband performance from 3.1 to 11.25 GHz for the return loss of less than −10 dB. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 89–92, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21090
Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis in identical twins
Authors: Onland W. , Molenaar J.J. , Leguit R.J. , van Nierop J.C. , Noorduyn L.A. , van Rijn R.R. , Geukers V.G.M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of open lung biopsies from monozygotic prematurely born male twins with respiratory distress at ages 6 and 8 weeks postnatally. Radiological examination showed a reticular nodular interstititial pattern on chest radiography. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) revealed ground‐glass opacification and thickened interstitial septae in both infants. Lung biopsies showed a similar histology. There was diffuse interstitial thickening of the alveolar septa by mesenchymal cells, without prominent hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes, and without airspace exudates. Sections were periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐positive within the cytoplasm of interstitial cells, indicating the presence of glycogen. Thus the diagnosis of pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis was made. Both infants were treated with glucocorticoids and had a favorable outcome. We speculate that pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis could be a histopathological form of chronic lung disease (CLD) of infancy. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of albuterol and epinephrine at equipotent beta‐2 agonist doses in acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Ralston Shawn , Hartenberger Carol , Anaya Theresa , Qualls Clifford , Kelly H. William 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOur objective was to determine if nebulized racemic epinephrine is more efficacious than nebulized albuterol or saline placebo in the treatment of bronchiolitis in the outpatient setting when dosing is equivalent in terms of beta‐2 agonist potency. Sixty‐five patients between ages 6 weeks and 24 months with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, defined as first‐time wheezing, upper respiratory symptoms and/or fever, and a Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument score of at least 4, were randomized to receive 5 mg nebulized albuterol, 5 mg nebulized racemic epinephrine, or an equivalent volume of placebo at 0, 30, and 60 min. The primary outcome measure was need for hospital admission or home oxygen. Secondary outcome measures were changes in clinical scores and oxygen saturations. There were no significant statistical differences between groups in terms of need for hospital admission or outpatient management with home oxygen therapy. There were no differences between groups in terms of changes in clinical scores or oxygen saturations. Racemic epinephrine and albuterol at equivalent doses had no effect on the need for hospitalization or supplemental oxygen in bronchiolitis in the outpatient setting compared to nebulized saline placebo, though this study may have missed less dramatic clinical effects due to small sample size. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Childhood diffuse panbronchiolitis: A case report
Authors: Aslan Ayse Tana , Ozcelik Ugur , Talim Beril , Haliloglu Mithat , Dogru Deniz , Dalgıc Fuheda , Kiper Nural 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDiffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a chronic, potentially life‐threatening lower respiratory tract disease that is particulary common in Japanese people. If left untreated, it progresses to bronchiectasis, respiratory failure, and death. Lack of familiarity with DPB in the non‐Far East may result in a failure to correctly diagnose and treat this disorder. We describe a child with DPB. We suggest that DPB is a sinopulmonary disease that is not exclusive to the Asian population and to adults. Its clinical and radiological features should be better known by pediatric pulmonary physicians. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum spin correction scheme for ab initio spin‐unrestricted solutions: Multiple bonds case
Authors: Yamanaka Shusuke , Takeda Ryo , Shoji Mitsuo , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Honda Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA quantum spin‐correction scheme based on spin‐correlation functions is proposed for multiple bond‐breaking processes described by the unrestricted single determinant (USD) approaches, such as unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF) and unrestricted Kohn–Sham (UKS) density functional theory (DFT). It is known that natural orbitals (NOs) and occupation numbers (ONs) contain full information of USD solutions. We introduce a bond‐operator representation of UHF and UKS wave functions to exploit information about those NOs, enabling us not only to facilitate the calculus, but also to understand the essential feature of the USD and those quantum spin‐corrected solutions. We found that usual spin‐projected solutions do not work for multiple bonds in the Heisenberg model mapping scheme. We propose quantum spin‐correction schemes to obtain the spin‐symmetry allowed solutions from the spin‐unrestricted KS‐DFT solutions. We examine these schemes for a chromium dimer, which is a typical example exhibiting multiple bonds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Significance of the simultaneous growth of vegetative and reproductive organs in the prostrate annual Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Suzuki Nobuhiko , Ohnishi Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo elucidate the significance of the simultaneous growth of vegetative and reproductive organs in the prostrate annual Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small (Euphorbiaceae) from the standpoint of meristem allocation, we investigated plant architecture, meristem allocation, and the spatial and temporal patterns in vegetative growth and reproduction in the reproductive stage. The numbers of secondary and tertiary shoots successively increased by branching in the reproductive stage, and the sum of shoot length was greater in secondary shoots than in primary shoots. The specific shoot length (shoot length per shoot biomass) was greater in lateral shoots than in primary shoots, indicating efficient lateral shoot elongation. The internode length was shorter in secondary shoots than in primary shoots, increasing the number of nodes per shoot length in secondary shoots. Many nodes on a shoot generated two meristems, one of which committed to a flower and one to a lateral shoot. The number of reproductive meristems was greatest in tertiary shoots, and 96% of total reproductive meristems on shoots were generated in lateral shoots. On almost all nodes, the reproductive meristem developed into a flower, and 95–98% of the flowers produced a fruit. Therefore, vegetative growth by branching in the reproductive stage contributed to the increase in reproductive outputs. From the standpoint of meristem allocation, the simultaneous growth of vegetative and reproductive organs in prostrate plant species might be important for increasing the number of growth and reproductive meristems, resulting in the increase in reproductive outputs.
Does symptom‐limited cycle exercise cause low frequency diaphragm fatigue in patients with heart failure?
Authors: Dayer Mark J. , Hopkinson Nicholas S. , Ross Ewen T. , Jonville Sophie , Sharshar Tarek , Kearney Mark , Moxham John , Polkey Michael I. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground:Reduced diaphragm contractility occurs in some healthy subjects when they exercise to exhaustion. This indicates low frequency fatigue, which may contribute to task failure. We hypothesised that patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) might be especially vulnerable to the development of low frequency diaphragm fatigue after exhaustive exercise.Aims:To study the effect of exhaustive incremental cycle exercise on diaphragm contractility in patients with CHF.Methods:12 patients with CHF with an ejection fraction of 36.5±7.3% and 12 healthy age‐matched control subjects performed an incremental cycle test to exhaustion. The unpotentiated twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure (twitch Pdi) in response to bilateral anterolateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (BAMPS) was measured before and after exercise.Results:Twitch Pdi at baseline was 20.2±6.7 cmH2O in the CHF group and 20.3±3 cmH2O in the controls (p=0.957). 25 and 35 min post exercise the values were 19.9±5.4 and 20.0±5.1 cmH2O in the CHF group and 20.6±4.3 and 21.2±3.4 cmH2O in the control group; neither change was significant (F(2,27)=0.007, p=0.993; F(2,33)=0.144, p=0.866, respectively).Conclusion:When patients with CHF cycle to exhaustion, low frequency fatigue of the diaphragm does not occur, and this is unlikely to be an important factor limiting exercise capacity of such patients.
Genesis of the P wave: Atrial signals as generated by the equivalent double layer source model
Authors: van Oosterom Adriaan , Jacquemet Vincent 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of the equivalent surface source model in the simulation of atrial signals as observed in ECG leads.MethodsP waves were extracted from 64-lead ECGs recorded in healthy subjects. The geometries of torso, lungs, heart, and blood cavities of a healthy subject, derived from magnetic resonance imaging, were used to position a detailed, thick-walled 3D model of the atria consisting of a set of 800,000 units representing the activity of all atrial myocytes. The ion-kinetics of the units was based on the formulation of Courtemanche et al. The simulated transmembrane potentials following a normal sinus beat, as well as those during atrial fibrillation, were projected on the 1297 nodes of the surface encapsulating all atrial myocytes (endocardium and epicardium). The transmembrane potentials at these nodes formed the source strengths of the elements of the equivalent generator, which were used to compute body surface potentials.ResultsAfter invoking slight adaptations of the timing of depolarization of the transmembrane potentials, the simulated signals during the P wave closely corresponded to recorded ones. The correspondence during the entire PR interval improved markedly after the inclusion of early repolarization effects in the interval between the end of the P wave and onset of QRS. This demanded a shortening of the mean action potential duration generated by the Courtemanche model. The simulated ECGs related to atrial fibrillation demonstrated the characteristic features of those clinically observed.ConclusionsThe equivalent double layer is a useful source model for the genesis of atrial signals observed on the thorax. The interval from the end of the P wave to onset of QRS is not iso-electric. The Courtemanche model of the ion-kinetics of atrial cells needs to be adapted when applied to represent the activity of healthy, ‘common’ atrial myocytes.
The Politics of Remembrance in Irish and Quebec Nationalism
Authors: Stevenson Garth 
Published: August 2005

Abstract. This article describes how the remembrance of
historical events contributes to, and is shaped by, nationalism in Ireland
and Quebec. Remembered historical events contribute to the growth of
nationalism if they serve at least one of five purposes: defining the
conceptual boundaries of the nation, reinforcing a sense of pride in the
nation's achievements, evoking feelings of pity and indignation at
the losses suffered by the nation, legitimizing the actions or principles
of present-day leaders, or inspiring a belief that the nation will
eventually triumph. Eight remembered events, four in Ireland and four in
Quebec, are discussed in relation to these five purposes. The article
concludes that historical remembrance has been a more powerful influence
on nationalism in Ireland than in Quebec.Résumé. Cet article raconte comment le souvenir
des évenements historiques contribue au renforcement du
nationalisme en Irlande et au Québec. Le souvenir d'un
évenement historique aura cet effet s'il aide … definir
la communauté nationale,s'il stimule des sentiments de la
pitié et de l'indignation envers la nation et ses
tribulations, s'il légitime les actions et les idées
des nationalistes actuels, ou s'il encourage l'esperance que la
nation va triompher contre ses adversaires. L'article examine quatre
evenements historiques, irlandais ou québécois, avec le but
de déterminer s'ils contribuent … ces cinq objectifs.
Selon sa conclusion, l'influence des souvenirs historiques a
été plus puissante en Irlande q'au Québec, ce
qui explique la plus grande intensité du nationalisme
irlandais.
Chrétien and Canadian Federalism, Politics and the
Constitution, 1993–2003
Authors: Sheldrick Byron 
Published: August 2005

Chrétien and Canadian Federalism, Politics and the
Constitution, 1993–2003, Edward McWhinney, Vancouver: Ronsdale
Press, 2003, pp. 220.Edward McWhinney, a legal scholar and former professor of political
science, sat as the Member of Parliament for Vancouver Quadra through much
of the Chrétien period. The title of the book promises an
examination of the Chrétien era in terms of its legacy for Canadian
federalism and the constitution. Sadly, the book fails to deliver.
Although the author is quick to insist that his work is not a
“personal biography” (12), but rather an analysis framed
through “participant observation,” the examination of the past
decade's events is largely a form of political memoir, with little by
way of a sustained analysis of Canadian federalism or the
constitution.