bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased body condition score has a detrimental effect on arterial oxygen tension and increases the risk of hypoxaemia in anaesthetised horses
Authors: Loomes Kate 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundImpaired oxygenation during anaesthesia can be detrimental. Bodyweight and body shape influence arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) but the effect of body condition score (BCS) has not been investigated.ObjectivesTo examine the effect of BCS on respiratory indices.Study designRetrospective.MethodsIn total, 524 anaesthetic records were reviewed. Records from healthy adult horses under isoflurane anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency, receiving controlled mechanical ventilation, with complete ventilation and arterial blood gas data and BCS assessment by one person (KL) were included in data analysis. Data were analysed using student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐squared analysis and logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 135 records for 85 horses with BCS <6/9 (Group N) and 50 horses with BCS ≥6/9 (Group O) met the inclusion criteria. Overall, there was a strong negative correlation between BCS and PaO2 (Spearman's r = 0.72, p < 0.001). Group O had significantly lower PaO2 (112 [50–546 mmHg]) compared to Group N (380 [65–658 mmHg], p < 0.001) which remained when horses were further categorised by bodyweight >500 kg (118 mmHg vs. 390 mmHg, p < 0.001) and <500 kg (160 mmHg vs. 451 mmHg, p < 0.04). Group O were 34 times more likely to be hypoxaemic (PaO2 < 100 mmHg) compared to Group N (χ2 = 34.39, p = 0.03). Alveolar dead space fraction was greater in Group O (0.27 [0.10–0.41]) versus Group N (0.24 [0.12–0.35]), p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a significant association between PaO2 and bodyweight (p = 0.01), alveolar dead space fraction (p = 0.005) and BCS (p < 0.001).Main limitationsRetrospective design.ConclusionsBody condition score ≥6/9 has a detrimental effect on PaO2, alveolar dead space fraction and is a risk factor for hypoxaemia in healthy anaesthetised horses in dorsal recumbency.
Working from home during COVID‐19: What does this mean for the ideal worker norm?
Authors: Williamson Sue , Taylor Helen , Weeratunga Vindhya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ideal worker norm is associated with specific ways of working. The ideal worker is a man who works long hours, is constantly available, and highly productive. Emerging research suggests that the shock of COVID‐19, which forced millions of employees to work from home, may have been powerful enough to disrupt the ideal worker norm. We therefore ask: how did working from home during the pandemic impact the ideal worker norm? We apply Acker's ideal worker norm to determine whether different groups of women employees who worked from home during the pandemic worked in ways which aligned to the norm. We conduct this analysis through the lens of two modalities of time: being clock time and (feminine) process time. Our examination of how employees experienced time extends existing, yet limited, research focused on time use during the pandemic. We used a mixed‐method design to analyze survey data from almost 5000 Australian employees to show that significant proportions of women, women carers, and disabled women worked in a manner aligned more to the ideal worker norm, compared with pre‐COVID times. We therefore conclude that a multidimensional ideal worker is emerging and one which works to both clock time and process time. This is an important finding as we seek to better understand how employees can work in a hybrid environment and what this means for organizations and employees.
Risk of infection in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa on biologics or other immunomodulators: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lazaridou Ingrid , Vassilopoulos Athanasios , Vassilopoulos Stephanos , Shehadeh Fadi , Kalligeros Markos , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Qureshi Abrar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful skin condition that significantly affects patients’ quality of life. Biologic agents, including anti‐TNF agents and IL‐17 inhibitors, have shown promise as treatment options for HS. However, there is concern about the increased risk of infections associated with these therapies. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. We searched PubMed and Embase until February 1, 2023. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of any infectious complications. Secondary outcomes included serious and opportunistic infections in HS patients treated with biologics or other immunomodulators. Twenty‐four studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 1,696 patients. The pooled incidence rate for any infection was 24.2%, primarily consisting of mild respiratory and skin infections. Subgroup analysis based on the mechanism of action (MOA) showed a pooled incidence of 7.77% for anti‐IL1, 14.24% for anti‐PDE4, and 21.96% for anti‐TNF. Notably, patients receiving anti‐IL17 had the highest incidence rate of infection at 33.6%, but the relative risk compared to placebo was not significantly elevated (0.99, 95% CI: 0.86–1.14). Serious infections were rare, with pooled incidences of 0.39% for anti‐IL17 and 0.03% for anti‐TNF. Opportunistic infections were infrequent, with 10 reported cases, including eight oral candidiasis, one cryptosporidiosis, and one Blastocystis hominis infection. The use of biologic therapies in HS patients does not significantly increase the risk of infectious complications. Additionally, the occurrence of serious or opportunistic infections in HS patients treated with biologics appears to be minimal.
Two Cases of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of the Lower Limb Treated with Hyperthermic Isolated Limb Perfusion and Concomitant Infusion of Either Carboplatin or β‐Interferon
Authors: Nakayama Juichiro , Takeuchi Minoru , Mayumi Hisanori , Nagae Shonosuke , Matsuda Kazuhisa , Yasui Hisataka , Takahashi Shosuke , Hori Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo cases of metastatic malignant melanoma of the lower limb who were treated successfully with hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion are reported. One patient was infused with cis‐diammine (1.1‐cyclobutanedicarboxylate) platinum (II) (carboplatin, Paraplatin®, Bristol‐Myers Squibb Company, New Jersey, USA), and the other was infused with human natural β‐interferon (Feron®, Toray, Tokyo, Japan), via the external iliac artery. The first case showed a remarkable suppression of the growth of multiple metastatic melanoma nodules associated with numerous melanophage infiltrations, as shown histopathologically after the operation. The patient's serum level of 5‐S‐cysteinyl dopa decreased for the two months following the treatment In the second case, new formation of metastatic melanoma nodules was completely suppressed for up to 12 months following the operation. Analysis of immunological parameters showed that the number of peripheral CD8+ lymphocytes gradually and constantly increased after the operation, while that of CD4+ lymphocytes transiently increased and then returned to the pre‐operative level. Natural killer activity transiently decreased to a slight degree 4 days after the operation and then returned to the pre‐operative level 21 days after the operation. Side effects, such as nausea, vomiting and leg discomfort, were seen in the patient (Case 1) treated with carboplatin, but were completely reversible. These results suggest that hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with concomitant infusion of carboplatin or β‐interferon is effective in suppressing the growth of metastatic malignant melanomas of the lower limb.
Pustular Psoriasis Induced by Hydroxychloroquine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vine John E. , Hymes Sharon R. , Warner Noranna B. , Cohen Philip R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA variety of pharmacologic agents have been known to induce pustular psoriasis. We describe a patient with a positive personal and family history of psoriasis who developed an extensive annular pustular eruption 3 weeks after starting hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) for arthritis. The drug was discontinued, and she received 3 weeks of systemic and topical corticosteroids; in spite of the therapeutic intervention, showers of new lesions appeared daily, and progressed to involve 75% of the body. The development of new lesions stopped, and the older lesions began to clear after one dose of 7.5 mg of methotrexate. Subsequently, methotrexate therapy was stopped because of mild transaminase elevation; the pustular lesions then flared. New lesions stopped appearing after four doses of weekly methotrexate. The patient remains clear of lesions 6 months later.
Trichilemmal Carcinoma Developing in a Burn Scar: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ko Toshiko , Tada Hideyuki , Hatoko Mitsuo , Muramatsu Tsutomu , Shirai Toshihiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo cases of trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) developing in burn scars are reported. In Case 1, a 73‐year‐old man developed a TLC on his left lower leg five years after a burn. In Case 2, a 43‐year‐old man developed a cauliflower‐like mass on his head 42 years after a burn. Histologically, tumor cells showed a lobular proliferation in continuity with the epidermis. Tumor nests were mostly composed of large atypical cells with clear cytoplasms containing PAS‐positive, diastase sensitive materials. Some of the nests showed trichilemmal‐type keratinization. These cases were treated only with surgical excision, and there has been no evidence since of local recurrence or metastasis.
Optimized crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of BaZnSi3O8‐based ceramics
Authors: Cai Yiyang , Du Kang , Song Xiaoqiang , Yin Changzhi , Cheng Mingfei , Liu Yaodong , Li Xiaoxiao , Lu Wenzhong , Lei Wen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized BaZnSi3O8‐based compounds with monoclinic structures (P21/a) using a solid‐state method. The crystal structure, phase composition, and microwave dielectric properties of BaZnSi3O8‐based ceramics were systematically investigated systematically. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images proved that the maximum solubility of BaZn1‐xMgxSi3O8 ranged between 0.3 and 0.4. Rietveld refinement and Phillips–Van Vechten–Levine complex chemical bond theory were used to illustrate the relationship between the microwave dielectric performance and lattice parameters. To further improve the properties, we substituted Ba2+ with Sr2+ in BaZn0.8Mg0.2Si3O8. Ba1‐ySryZn0.8Mg0.2Si3O8 remained in a single‐phase as y increased from 0 to 1.0. We achieved thermal stability of the resonance frequency of the BaZnSi3O8‐based ceramics by adjusting TiO2 to form composite ceramics. After sintering at 1020°C for 5 h, excellent microwave dielectric properties with εr = 7.44, Q×f = 57,400 GHz, and τf = − 0.2 ppm/°C were realized in the SrZn0.8Mg0.2Si3O8+8 wt %TiO2 system.
Microglial FoxO3a deficiency ameliorates ferroptosis‐induced brain injury of intracerebral haemorrhage via regulating autophagy and heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Wang Rikang , Liang Zhi , Xue Xiaoyan , Mei Hua , Ji Lianru , Wang Bocheng , Chen Wenjin , Gao Chao , Yuan Shun , Wu Tao , Qi Hui , Hu Suifa , Yi Li , Song Yonggui , Liao Rifang , Chen Baodong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicroglial HO‐1 regulates iron metabolism in the brain. Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) shares features of ferroptosis and necroptosis; hemin is an oxidized product of haemoglobin from lysed red blood cells, leading to secondary injury. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms attributable to secondary injury by hemin or ICH. In this study, we first show that FoxO3a was highly co‐located with neurons and microglia but not astrocytes area of ICH model mice. Hemin activated FoxO3a/ATG‐mediated autophagy and HO‐1 signalling resulting in ferroptosis in vitro and in a mice model of brain haemorrhage. Accordingly, autophagy inhibitor Baf‐A1 or HO‐1 inhibitor ZnPP protected against hemin‐induced ferroptosis. Hemin promoted ferroptosis of neuronal cells via FoxO3a/ATG‐mediated autophagy and HO‐1 signalling pathway. Knock‐down of FoxO3a inhibited autophagy and prevented hemin‐induced ferroptosis dependent of HO‐1 signalling. We first showed that hemin stimulated microglial FoxO3a/HO‐1 expression and enhanced the microglial polarisation towards the M1 phenotype, while knockdown of microglial FoxO3a inhibited pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in microglia. Furthermore, the microglia activation in the striatum showed significant along with a high expression level of FoxO3a in the ICH mice. We found that conditional knockout of FoxO3a in microglia in mice alleviated neurological deficits and microglia activation as well as ferroptosis‐induced striatum injury in the autologous blood‐induced ICH model. We demonstrate, for the first time, that FoxO3a/ATG‐mediated autophagy and HO‐1 play an important role in microglial activation and ferroptosis‐induced striatum injury of ICH, identifying a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of ICH.
RNA interference‐mediated silencing of NOA and V‐ATPase subunit D genes results in deformities and mortality in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912)
Authors: Kaur Simranpreet , Singh Sandeep , Mohanpuria Prashant , Govindasamy Mohan , Sidhu Gurupkar Singh , Yue Zhang , Li Zhihong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is one of the five disastrous pests in the world with an economical significance. The guava germplasm resilient to fruit fly is not reported worldwide to date. The utilization of RNA interference (RNAi) approach can offer a promising alternative for fruit fly management in guava. The goal of our investigation is to evaluate the efficiency of dsRNA expression based on Escherichia coli used in B. dorsalis management by addressing its two indispensable genes, fatty acid elongase (NOA) and Vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPases D (v‐ATPase D). An artificial diet having E. coli strain HT115 (DE3) containing BdNOA, Bdv‐ATPase D dsRNA fed to maggots resulted in deformities with drastic mortality in treated adults, emerged pupae and maggots. The deformity together with total mortality in B. dorsalis was recorded at maximum as 74.66% and 64.20% in bacteria expressing dsRNAs of BdNOA and Bdv‐ATPase D, respectively, at 700 μL as compared to 350, 200 μL treatments. Severe deformities were reported such as underdeveloped abdomen, absence of wings, legs and inadequate eclosion along with suppressed target gene expression in B. dorsalis. This investigation thus provides a potential RNAi‐based pest management by targeting two key genes through feeding dsRNA‐expressing bacteria in B. dorsalis.
Intestinal lesions and parasites associated with senescence and prespawn mortality in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Nervino Stephanie , Polley Tamsen , Peterson James T. , Schreck Carl B. , Kent Michael L. , Alexander Julie D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrespawn mortality (PSM) presents a major problem for the recovery of spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations. In the Willamette River, Oregon, PSM exceeds 90% in some years but factors explaining it are not well understood. We examined intestinal tissue samples using histological slides from over 783 spring Chinook Salmon collected between 2009 and 2021, which included tissues from PSM fish, artificially spawned captive broodstock (BS) and normal river run fish, comprised of trapped (Live) and naturally post‐spawned river (RPS) fish collected from the river. We observed degeneration of the intestinal epithelium and loss of villous structure, with concurrent severe enteritis. A natural progression of decline in epithelial integrity (EI) through the summer and fall until spawning and subsequent death was also observed. Live fish exhibited high EI scores (mean = 68%), BS exhibited variable EI scores (35%) and RPS exhibited severe loss of EI (14%). PSM fish exhibited prominent loss of intestinal epithelium with EI scores (13%), very similar to RPS fish, despite having been collected earlier in the year. Hence, we argue that low EI scores are strongly linked with PSM. Ceratonova shasta and Enterocytozoon schreckii were common in all groups, but neither were linked to either PSM or a decline in EI.
New ESG rating drivers in the cross‐section of European stock returns
Authors: Berk Ian , Guidolin Massimo , Magnani Monia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe assess the performance of two quantitative signals based on ESG scores across a large, multi‐national cross‐section of European stock returns. We test whether the cost of equity capital is more influenced by the upward momentum (measured over time) of the ESG scores of the firms issuing stocks or by their stability (identified as the volatility of the scores over time), measured around a changing mean level. We find that short‐term ESG momentum over 1 month has a significant impact on the cross‐section of stock returns, lowering the anticipated cost of capital and leading to positive average abnormal returns. This suggests that short‐term ESG momentum may represent a novel, priced systematic risk factor. Furthermore, we find strong evidence that an ESG volatility spread strategy which buys low ESG score volatility stocks and sells high volatility ones, generates a substantial alpha and affects the ex‐ante cost of capital. Both quantitative ESG signals result in portfolio sorting and long‐short strategies that enhance the overall sustainability profile of the issuing firms without compromising the raw average of their ESG scores.
Morphological analysis and grain size distribution of SnO2 nanoparticles via digital image processing across diverse calcination temperatures
Authors: Kumar Aashish , Bhasin Manan , Chitkara Mansi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive image analysis of the SnO2 nanoparticles synthesised through calcination at diverse temperatures, which enables an estimation of grain size distribution (GSD) from field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images. Even though FE‐SEM images could provide us with a lot of information about sample differences, we can learn more and perform a more accurate analysis of them by using quantitative data obtained by our image processing application. The digital image processing techniques used in this research provide a detailed analysis of the nanoparticles' size and shape, enabling a deeper understanding of their unique characteristics. The results reveal the significant impact of calcination temperature on the morphology of the nanoparticles, with changes in grain size and grain size distribution observed at varying temperatures.
Diet‐induced diabetes is associated with lower hippocampal glycogen and reduced glycogenolysis following local exogenous insulin
Authors: McNay Ewan C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrain fuel (specifically, glucose) supply and metabolism are well‐established to be limiting factors for cognitive performance, with the largest body of data being for hippocampally mediated tasks. Consistent with this, disease states such as Alzheimer's disease and insulin‐resistant diabetes, that impair cognitive metabolism, impair cognition with this being shown again most prominently for hippocampally mediated processes. In addition to glucose supplied from the blood, brain oxidative metabolism can use local glycogen stores (within astrocytes) as a fuel source via conversion to lactate; both lactate and glycogen have been shown to be important contributors to regulation of cognitive metabolism. Insulin has been shown to be a key regulator of hippocampal cognitive and metabolic processes; in the periphery, insulin facilitates glycogen synthesis and storage, but the impact on brain glycogen is unclear. Furthermore, the impact of diet‐induced diabetes on hippocampal glycogen levels and/or metabolism is unknown. Here, we show that in rats with high‐fat diet‐induced diabetes, hippocampal glycogen is reduced and is less responsive to acute intrahippocampal administration of insulin, which significantly reduces glycogen in the hippocampi of control animals: Our data suggest that impaired fuel availability from glycogen may be a contributing factor to the cognitive impairment seen in disease states that include central insulin resistance.image
Reduction of body weight by increased loading is associated with activation of norepinephrine neurones in the medial nucleus of the solitary tract
Authors: Zlatkovic Jovana , Dalmau Gasull Adrià , Hägg Daniel , Font‐Gironès Ferran , Bellman Jakob , Meister Björn , Palsdottir Vilborg , Ruud Johan , Ohlsson Claes , Dickson Suzanne L. , Anesten Fredrik , Jansson John‐Olov 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe previously provided evidence supporting the existence of a novel leptin‐independent body weight homeostat (“the gravitostat”) that senses body weight and then initiates a homeostatic feed‐back regulation of body weight. We, herein, hypothesize that this feed‐back regulation involves a CNS mechanism. To identify populations of neurones of importance for the putative feed‐back signal induced by increased loading, high‐fat diet‐fed rats or mice were implanted intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with capsules weighing ∼15% (Load) or ∼2.5% (Control) of body weight. At 3–5 days after implantation, neuronal activation was assessed in different parts of the brain/brainstem by immunohistochemical detection of FosB. Implantation of weighted capsules, both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal, induced FosB in specific neurones in the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS), known to integrate information about the metabolic status of the body. These neurones also expressed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase (DbH), a pattern typical of norepinephrine neurones. In functional studies, we specifically ablated norepinephrine neurones in mNTS, which attenuated the feed‐back regulation of increased load on body weight and food intake. In conclusion, increased load appears to reduce body weight and food intake via activation of norepinephrine neurones in the mNTS.
Mycolytic effect and underlying mechanism of Chaetomium subaffine LB‐1 on phytopathogenic fungi via morphological, physio‐biochemical and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Kan Shihong , Zhou Huicheng , Zhang Huan , Chang Zhilong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChaetomium subaffine LB‐1 is a biocontrol strain screened by our laboratory. Mycolytic effect and its action mechanism was researched in this study with Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani as test phytopathogenic fungi. Microscopic observation found that hyphae of the test fungi exhibited vacuolated and flocculent when cultured in LB‐1 culture filtrate for 48 h. Physio‐biochemical detection indicated that hyphae of the test fungi displayed red fluorescence with propidium iodide (PI) staining when cultured in LB‐1 culture filtrate 24 h later; conductivity and the leakage value of the extracellular fluid of the test fungi were significantly higher (p ≤ .05) than corresponding control fluid of test fungi cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB), but the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in hyphae of the test fungi have not significant difference (p ≤ .05) between treatment and control. Colorimetric determination showed that the activities of alkaline protease, neutral protease, acidic protease and β‐l,3‐glucanase in LB‐1 culture filtrate were significant. In RNA‐seq analysis, 3644 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in 6 days shaking‐cultured LB‐1 as compared to that of 0 days shaking‐cultured, of which 1756 were up‐regulated and 1888 were down‐regulated. In significantly up‐regulated DEGs, 12 were annotated as cell wall hydrolase, 13 as enzyme of antibiotic substance production and 18 as membrane transporter. The above results indicated that C. subaffine LB‐1 might exert mycolytic effect through altering the permeability of cell membrane and the integrity of cell wall of phytopathogenic fungi, and this altering effect was closely related with cell wall hydrolase, antifungal substance and membrane transporter.