bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TCAD Simulation of X-ray irradiated Si microstrip detector : Impact on full depletion voltage and leakage current
Authors: Saini Nitu , Srivastava Ajay K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the intense x-ray radiation environment at synchrotron sources, it is reported that the performance of the silicon pixel detectors degrades with an increasing x-ray dose up to 10 MGy. To study the impact of x-ray irradiation effects in the n-Fz Si microstrip detector, the microscopic radiation damage parameters of x-ray radiation were extracted from the current–voltage, and capacitance-voltage experiments on test Si microstrip detector. The damage parameters are implemented in Synopsys TCAD. In this paper, we have irradiated the test structure up to 10 MGy, and the results on full depletion voltage, and leakage current are compared with the TCAD simulation results. A very good agreement in between experimental and simulation results is observed in the leakage current for the non-irradiated, and 1 MGy irradiated detectors, where for high doses up to 10 MGy, experimental leakage current was fifty times higher than the simulated leakage current at full depletion voltage. The full depletion voltage in 0 MGy detector is also well matched with the simulation result, and further, it shows the full depletion voltage performance of x-ray irradiated detector. Finally, the new detector design specifications and process parameters are proposed for the optimum performance of the radiation hard p+n Si pixel detector equipped with guard rigs at cut edge for the next generation photon science applications.
Characteristics of thin p-MCz Si Microstrip Detector Irradiated upto a mixed fluence of 1017neq./cm2for the FCC
Authors: ShilpaPatyal  , Srivastava Ajay K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Silicon microstrip detectors can be used for the precise particle tracking in the inner tracking region of the detector used in the future high luminosity collider experiment. In the future experiments, hadron collider provides higher luminosities on the strip detector, and therefore, a detector requires very high radiation hardness. Within CERNRD50collaboration, MCz Si is identified as a prime radiation hard material for the fabrication of the p-Si microstrip detector. In this paper, we have used the experimentally verified four level deep-trap mixed irradiation model for p-MCz Si to investigate the effect of heavy irradiations up to a mixed fluence of 1017n eq./cm2 on the full depletion voltage, leakage current, and charge collection efficiency using SRH and CCE modelling.
The changes in the characteristics were evaluated, and effect of the traps on the macroscopic performance of the detectors and possible improvement in the design and semiconductor technology of the p-Mcz silicon microstrip detector.
The Effect of Interconnecting Ribbons in External Resistance of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Roy Subinoy , Padhi Sankhipta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The interconnecting ribbons in commercial crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules significantly contribute to the external resistance of the modules. This external resistance plays a major role in resistive losses in the modules and thus measures should be taken in minimization of such resistances. A wider ribbon cause blockage for the incoming light in the solar cells. In addition, the selection of wrong ribbon configuration essentially leads to breakage in fingers which further enhances resistive losses in the modules. In this paper, an analytical approach using a resistive network model has been proposed which effectively describes the effect of ribbon dimension on the blockage area as well as external resistance of the modules. The model has been useful to understand the resistive effect in the PV modules in a quantitative manner. The results show that the number of busbars and the width of the busbars in a solar cell play a significant role in choosing the right ribbon configuration. The proposed approach is useful to understand the optimum ribbon configuration in newly manufactured c-Si PV modules.
Spin Atomic Model: Role of Electron Spin in forming Atoms and Molecules
Authors: Jadhav Ghanshyam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper recounts the history of atomic models and their limitations in brief. The role of spin motion of paired electrons in building the atoms is a subject of the discussion. The opposite spin velocity of paired electrons in an atom should reduce the repulsion between them. Hence, by adjusting their opposite spin velocity, the force of repulsion between the paired electrons and the force of attraction between the nucleus and the individual electrons in that pair can be balanced without revolving the electrons in orbits. In this way a pair of electrons can maintain their particular distance from the nucleus in atom with adjusting their spin motions. This arrangement easily supports the atoms to build the different molecules, compounds and solid materials. This atomic model may be referred as spin atomic model which should be the fact.
Providing standardized soil profile data for greater noida region
Authors: Singh A , Kashyap R , Sarower S , Siddiquee S , Kaur T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Soil science research relies on reliable information about soil and other characteristics obtained through examination and description of the soil in the field. A good soil description can also prevent errors in soil sampling. Our team conducted field and laboratory investigations to assess the soil’s properties and determine its characteristics. Based on our findings, we were able to evaluate the soil parameters and determine the appropriate design specifications for a safe and stable structure. This report will include the methodology of investigation, field, and laboratory test results, recommendations, and a suitable type of foundation.
Remediation Techniques Used for Removal of Fluoride from Groundwater: A Concise Review
Authors: Kashyap Pooja , Kaushal Jyotsna , Rani Lata 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to the increase in industrialization, climate change, and urbanization, the quality of drinking water is declining day by day. Fluoride levels in drinking water have seen a remarkable increase in several places across the world in the last decade. The accumulation of fluoride in an aqueous environment is caused by both natural as well as anthropogenic sources. The main concern regarding fluoride contamination is dental and bones related issues. According to WHO guidelines, the permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/L. Fluoride contamination causes a detrimental effect on the health of the people. This article highlights the distribution of fluoride in India, as well as the many routes by which it enters the human body and probable fluoride metabolism inside the body. The numerous strategies used to remediate fluoride from water, like precipitation/coagulation, ion exchange, membrane separation, electro-separation, and adsorption are elaborated. Amongst these techniques, adsorption is one of the best-optimized techniques involving sustainable materials like biochars, which are cost-effective, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbents.
3D printed cortical bone mimic-material for medical physics
Authors: Cardoso Lima Luis Felipe , Cardona Romani Eric , Lima Bourguignon Felipe , Nachez Juan Lucas , Santos Batista Delano Valdivino , dos Anjos Marcelino José , da Cruz Ferreira Gabriel , Costa Oliveira Catherine , Vasconcellos de Sá Lidia , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Treatment and diagnosis in Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy
require simulators able to mimic the human body to pre-assess the
radiation behavior of new techniques and
radiopharmaceuticals. Development of such simulators requires
materials to behave similarly to the body tissues and with more real
shapes to obtain more reliable results. XCT-A and XCT-B are new 3D
printing materials that simulate cortical bone behavior. CT results
confirm bone-like attenuation. X-ray fluorescence reveals the
preeminent presence of Barium, Calcium, and Sulfur, and Raman
spectral lines are similar to ABS material.
Variable stiffness soft robotic gripper: design, development, and prospects
Authors: Shan Yu , Zhao Yanzhi , Wang Haobo , Dong Liming , Pei Changlei , Jin Zhaopeng , Sun Yue , Liu Tao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The advent of variable stiffness soft robotic grippers furnishes a conduit for exploration and manipulation within uncharted, non-structured environments. The paper provides a comprehensive review of the necessary technologies for the configuration design of soft robotic grippers with variable stiffness, serving as a reference for innovative gripper design. The design of variable stiffness soft robotic grippers typically encompasses the design of soft robotic grippers and variable stiffness modules. To adapt to unfamiliar environments and grasp unknown objects, a categorization and discussion have been undertaken based on the contact and motion manifestations between the gripper and the things across various dimensions: points contact, lines contact, surfaces contact, and full-bodies contact, elucidating the advantages and characteristics of each gripping type. Furthermore, when designing soft robotic grippers, we must consider the effectiveness of object grasping methods but also the applicability of the actuation in the target environment. The actuation is the propelling force behind the gripping motion, holding utmost significance in shaping the structure of the gripper. Given the challenge of matching the actuation of robotic grippers with the target scenario, we reviewed the actuation of soft robotic grippers. We analyzed the strengths and limitations of various soft actuation, providing insights into the actuation design for soft robotic grippers. As a crucial technique for variable stiffness soft robotic grippers, variable stiffness technology can effectively address issues such as poor load-bearing capacity and instability caused by the softness of materials. Through a retrospective analysis of variable stiffness theory, we comprehensively introduce the development of variable stiffness theory in soft robotic grippers and showcase the application of variable stiffness grasping technology through specific case studies. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of variable stiffness grasping robots from several perspectives of applications and technologies.
Energy, Passivity, and Morphological Capacities
Authors: Borja Pablo , Santina Cosimo Della , Dabiri Azita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The morphology of a system may be exploited to reduce the controller workload or to perform specific tasks, e.g., locomotion processes. However, understanding and characterizing these capacities in terms of physical quantities remains an open problem. In this paper, we pose the question: are energy and dissipation useful physical quantities to characterize morphological capacities? First, to illustrate the relevance of this question, we present some basic concepts of passivity theory that are useful for carrying out an energy-based analysis of the behavior of dynamical systems. Then, we analyze the behavior of a mechanical system, and we show how its morphology affects its energy. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of a passive walker and explain how its locomotion capacities can be interpreted in terms of energy.
How Do We Trust Our Robots?
Authors: Sirithunge Chapa , Dahn Nikolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trust plays the most important role in accepting social robots in our communities, especially in an era where robots take part in daily activities in close distance with humans. While some communities accept the presence of robots in their surrounding, others are less open to them. Furthermore, this acceptance depends on a large number of factors which are specific to the communities as well as the deployed robots. We conducted a survey to explore the aspects which people would consider if they had an option to deploy a robot at home and assign responsibilities to it. The study will help direct future researches on embodied intelligence in robots towards a more human-accepted level. The paper presents a human study conducted to evaluate the trust between humans and robots. We present the feedback we received from the participants to assess the level of trust participants have on their robots and their personal preferences upon the abilities of robots. Human responses and their decisions observed during the study are analyzed and critical observations are highlighted. From the analysis we derive a set of guidelines to improve human trust in future robots by adjusting their humanlike social behaviors.
What is Life? The Artistic Aspect of the Embodied Intelligence and Soft Robotics: Life in Sonic Arts, Audio-Visual Programming, and Handicrafts Design
Authors: Yang Shu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The artistic aspect is the ‘dancer’ (Gary Zukav) [7] in the machine. There is an embryonic potentiality for embodied intelligence, soft robotics, and engineering if we emphasise the artistic aspect and employ it as an indispensable element. Art is less weighted in science, technology, and engineering than functionalities and applications. Equivalently, there is a potential under-explored advantage of science and technology-based artistic creation instead of individualistic improvisation, interpretation, and expression. Starting from the philosophical and scientific question, What is life? this paper reviewed influential theories from entropy, ‘code-script’ by Erwin Schrödinger, ‘wetware’, cell compartmentation by Paul Nurse, sentient machine by Anil Seth, to the ‘Dance’ by Gary Zukav, the ‘30 000’ organ by Denis Noble, the 100,000 protein sonification by Markus Buehler, and a bio-inspired composition by Alberto Carretero using P-system. With my research on cell-inspired audio-visual works The Cell Planet using Touch Designer, music creation for the Protein Misfolding project, and the soft-robotic inspired biomimetic textiles and art, this paper provides solutions for integrating technology, science, engineering, and art from a deeper, experimental, and philosophical context.
Open to Evolve Embodied Intelligence
Authors: Langdon W B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the goal of automatically evolving Embodied Intelligence (EI), we investigate an open software architecture inspired by the high surface area to volume ratio of animal lungs, which aims to avoid information theoretic limits on long term evolution experiments (LTEE) encountered with monolithic genetic programming trees. Instead individuals are teams composed of 1023 trees whose inputs and outputs are linked by a low entropy loss branching data (air) pathway. Most trees are shallow and software engineering’s failed disruption propagation (FDP) is observed in the small fraction of deep trees. After initial search, most improvements are at intermediate depths and performance is still rising even after 100 000 generations.
Despite the use of double precision for the bifurcating data interconnect, some information loss is seen, particularly in early generations. The static optimisation benchmark, appears to encourage early convergence, which locks the population into possibly sub-optimal phenotypes. Later thousands of small improvements, sometimes in large bloated ensemble members, appear to compensate for early overfitting.
Using tournament fitness selection and subtree crossover, we target pure nested side-effect free floating point functions, which are known to have low FDP, and high fidelity data paths, in the hope of generating code which is not too robust so as to prevent on going improvement. However, we again find genetic changes deep within trees are silent. For single precision, we find a maximum evolvability sweet spot with trees of depth 10 to 100. Accordingly, we suggest to evolve very large very complex programs needed for Embodied Intelligence, an open structure with a high surface area permitting most mutation sites to be within 10-100 levels of the organism’s environment, and many better placed test oracles to monitor the impact of mutated code, will be needed.
Crystal structure, morphology and enhancement of luminescence properties of Cr3+-doped KZnF3 phosphor by using a HF-free hydrothermal method with different chromium sources
Authors: Yang Yifan , Zhu Yongqi , Wu Shuang , Li Xinyue , Mao Qinan , Chen Yifan , Zhong Jiasong , Zhu Yiwen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
In this study, a series of near-infrared (NIR) KZnF3:Cr3+ phosphors was prepared by different chromium sources using a HF-free hydrothermal method. The influence of different chromium sources on the crystal structure, morphology, and luminescence properties of Cr3+-doped KZnF3 phosphors were systematically investigated. The results showed that the chromium source changed from CrF3·xH2O to (NH4)3CrF6 and leaded to an increased crystal field, resulting in a blue shift of the emission peak position from 803 nm to 753 nm, accompanied by the full-width half maximum (FWHM) reduced from 140 nm to 122 nm. Moreover, KZnF3:0.03Cr3+ (CrF3·xH2O) and KZnF3:0.03Cr3+ ((NH4)3CrF6) phosphors maintained 58% and 87% of their initial room-temperature intensity at 423 K, respectively. These results indicated that altering the synthetic raw materials provided new insights for designing NIR phosphors with highly thermal stability.
Non-destructive analysis of Pb-acid battery positive plates, based on neutron tomography
Authors: Bozzini Benedetto , Cazzanti Silvia , Hippoliti Raimondo , Kis Zoltán , Rovatti Ludovica , Tavola Francesco 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Notwithstanding the in-depth understanding of lead-acid battery degradation processes developed in a time-honored field of science, there is still wide scope for knowledge-based technological advancements, in particular, targeting positive plate (PP) durability. Non-destructive imaging of the internal morphology, structure and chemistry of these components, enabled by neutron-based methods, is capable of disclosing otherwise inaccessible observables, that can form the factual basis for new pathways to device improvement. In this study, we propose a post mortem investigation of as-formed and electrochemically aged PPs, centered on neutron tomography and complemented by x-ray radiography and scanning-electron microscopy. These complementary imaging methods, thriving on different contrast mechanisms, allow 2D/3D position-sensitive morphological analyses of the nature and evolution of the positive active material (PAM) and of the spines of the PP, including: morphology variation, crack location, porosity distribution and identification of hydrogenated compounds. Specifically, in this work, we have pinpointed the differences in degradation modes—resulting from the application of a standard ageing protocol—of PPs fabricated in two technologically alternative ways: punching and gravity-casting, showing the superiority of the formed in terms of electrode stability upon charging abuse conditions.
A novel generalized multi input boosting multi-level inverter (MIB-MLI) for high-frequency AC (HFAC) power distribution
Authors: Sinha Rajiv Ranjan , Mandal Rajib Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The simplified topology for the high-frequency ac (HFAC) power distribution method with a multi-level inverter (MLI) hybrid switched capacitor (SC) is introduced. Capacitors, switches, diodes, and DC sources are among the components that are reduced in the designed MIB-MLI (Multi Input Boosting Multi-level Inverter). Where asymmetric dc voltage sources are available, such as in renewable energy farm-based ac microgrids and current electric vehicle, this architecture is advantageous. The proposed inverter has the feature of self-balancing the capacitor voltages and voltage boosting by using the series-parallel conversion scheme. The quality of output power is increased when a dc source array is connected with the unidirectional switched converter. Moreover, if a major phase variation betwixt the output current along with the voltage is no more mandatory, multiple alive switches may be recouped with diodes. In the switched capacitor group ripple volatge is reciprocal to the output frequency, so the MIB-MLI is favorable for HFAC implementations. Also, this paper clarifies the operating theory of the complete network and switching condition covered by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique. Mathematical equation related to power loss and capacitor voltages are provided. The modeling and simulation results of the proposed seventeen-level (17-L) inverter are depicted in this paper. The findings have shown that the proposed inverter is superior at HFAC along with the power efficiency of the inverter is adequate with SPWM technique.
Machine-learning based optimization of a biomimiced herringbone microstructure for superior aerodynamic performance
Authors: Patel Rushil Samir , Akolekar Harshal D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biomimicry involves drawing inspiration from nature’s designs to create efficient systems. For instance, the unique herringbone riblet pattern found in bird feathers has proven effective in minimizing drag. While attempts have been made to replicate this pattern on structures like plates and aerofoils, there has been a lack of comprehensive optimization of their overall design and of their constituent individual repeating structures. This study attempts to enhance the performance of individual components within the herringbone riblet pattern by leveraging computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and supervised machine learning to reduce drag. The paper outlines a systematic process involving the creation of 107 designs, parameterization, feature selection, generating targets using CFD simulations, and employing regression algorithms. From CFD calculations, the drag coefficients (C

d
) for these designs are found, which serve as an input to train supervised learning models. Using the trained transformed target regressor model as a substitute to CFD, C

d
values for 10,000 more randomly generated herringbone riblet designs are predicted. The design with the lowest predicted C

d
is the optimized design. Notably, the regressed model exhibited an average prediction error rate of 6% on the testing data. The prediction of C

d
for the optimized design demonstrated an error of 4% compared to its actual C

d
value calculated through CFD. The study also delves into the mechanics of drag reduction in herringbone riblet structures. The resulting optimized microstructure design holds the potential for reducing drag in various applications such as aerospace, automotive, and marine crafts by integrating it onto their surfaces. This innovative approach could significantly transform drag reduction and open pathways to more efficient transportation systems.