bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding ADC variation by fat content effect using a dual-function MRI phantom
Authors: Liu Yi-Jui , Tsai Tung-Sheng , Li Ya-Hui , Peng Jo-Hua , Chang Hing-Chiu , Peng Hsu-Hsia , Lee Ying-Chieh , Lee Tung-Yang , Liou Chang-Hsien , Lin Tz-Feng , Chew Fatt-Yang , Chou Ruey-Hwang , Juan Chun-Jung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
A dual-function phantom designed to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in different fat contents (FCs) and glass bead densities (GBDs) to simulate the human tissues has not been documented yet. We propose a dual-function phantom to quantify the FC and to measure the ADC at different FCs and different GBDs.

Methods
A fat-containing diffusion phantom comprised by 30 glass-bead-containing fat-water emulsions consisting of six different FCs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%) multiplied by five different GBDs (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/50 mL). The FC and ADC were measured by the “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-IQ,” IDEAL-IQ, and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging, SS-EP-DWI, sequences, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among the fat fraction (FF) measured by IDEAL-IQ, GBD, and ADC.

Results
The ADC was significantly, negatively, and linearly associated with the FF (the linear slope ranged from -0.005 to -0.017, R2 = 0.925 to 0.986, all p < 0.001). The slope of the linear relationship between the ADC and the FF, however, varied among different GBDs (the higher the GBD, the lower the slope). ADCs among emulsions across different GBDs and FFs were overlapped. Emulsions with low GBDs plus high FFs shared a same lower ADC range with those with median or high GBDs plus median or lower FFs.

Conclusions
A novel dual-function phantom simulating the human tissues allowed to quantify the influence of FC and GBD on ADC.

Relevance statement
The study developed an innovative dual-function MRI phantom to explore the impact of FC on ADC variation that can affect clinical results. The results revealed the superimposed effect on FF and GBD density on ADC measurements.

Key points
• A dual-function phantom made of glass bead density (GBD) and fat fraction (FF) emulsion has been developed.
• Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are determined by GBD and FF.
• The dual-function phantom showed the mutual ADC addition between FF and GBD.

Graphical Abstract
Forensic short tandem repeat markers alteration in cancerous tissues: a scoping review
Authors: Omar Izzah Syahira , Hafiza Md Yusop Nur , Zafarina Zainuddin , Norasikin Mohd Nafi Siti , Azmel Mohd Isa Seoparjoo , Shafini Mohamed Yusoff , NurWaliyuddin Hanis Z. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are segments of DNA composed of a short sequence of nucleotides that repeat consecutively. These repeating sequences exhibit distinct lengths and nucleotide sequences among individuals, showcasing high variability and uniqueness. The STR profile remains consistent across all cells in an individual’s body. Nonetheless, changes in the STR profile have been documented in cancerous tissues. This scoping review aimed to investigate the occurrence and pattern of forensic STR markers alterations in cancerous tissues. We conducted a scoping review of the English-language publications published between 2002 and 2022 in the PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases and a manual search of reference lists from reviewed papers. The review was carried out in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.

Results
Our search resulted in a total of 1,065 articles associating forensic STR studies with cancerous tissues. A total of 18 of these studies met our inclusion criteria. The D18S51 marker was most often found to be altered when associated with cancers such as breast, colorectal, gastric, gynaecology, and lung cancers. Following with that, FGA, VWA, D19S433, and D13S317 markers could as well be seen to have allelic alteration in cancerous tissues. Four other STR markers (TPOX, D7S820, D2S1338, and Penta D) could be potentially represented as stable STR markers in cancerous tissues.

Conclusions
According to our review, colorectal cancer tissue has the highest level of genomic instability compared to that of other cancer types. In summary, the genetic instability caused by faulty DNA mismatch repair processes in human carcinomas can pose challenges for forensic genotyping and DNA profile matching.
Fire-type heat increases the germination of Cistaceae seeds in contrast to summer heat
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Burrows Geoffrey E. , Pausas Juli G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur analyses of data in Luna et al. (Fire Ecology 19:52, 2023) do not support the proposal that dormancy release of the hard seeds in 12 species of Cistaceae is a “two-step process” involving high summer temperatures followed by fire-type heat. The reverse is true: subjection to a month of daily alternating temperatures of 50/20 °C (summer heat) is more likely to induce dormancy among initially soft seeds or secondary dormancy among those softened by fire heat or reduce the ability of fire heat to soften the seeds. The need to inspect seeds for the presence of an open “water gap” following various heat treatments, and using more realistic summer temperatures in future studies, is clear.
Fidelity-consistency and deliberateness of modifications in parenting programs
Authors: Pettersson Kristoffer , Liedgren Pernilla , Lyon Aaron R. , Hasson Henna , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are frequently modified in practice. It is recommended that decisions to modify EBIs should be made deliberately to ensure fidelity-consistency, yet the relationship between fidelity-consistency and deliberateness is not well understood. This study aims to explore modifications in a sample of practitioners delivering evidence-based parenting programs (i.e., interventions to strengthen parent–child relationships, reduce harmful interactions, and improve child health and well-being). The study investigated three research questions: (1) What kind of modifications are made during the delivery of parenting programs? (2) To what degree are the identified modifications consistent with the core functions of each program? and (3) Is deliberateness associated with the fidelity-consistency of the identified modifications?

Methods
In total, 28 group leaders of five widely disseminated parenting programs in Sweden participated in five focus groups, and two participants from each group also participated in individual interviews (n = 10). A content analysis approach was used where the identification of modifications was directed by the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced (FRAME) and then assessed for fidelity-consistency and four levels of deliberateness (universal, situational, conditional, and unintentional). Chi-square tests were performed to compare consistent and inconsistent modifications, and logistic regression was performed to explore whether deliberateness predicted consistency.

Results
A total of 137 content modifications were identified, covering most of the content modification categories in FRAME. The most common were tailoring/tweaking/refining, adding elements, shortening/condensing, lengthening/extending, and integrating another treatment. Modifications were mostly fidelity-consistent but consistency varied greatly among categories. Furthermore, modifications made unintentionally or situationally were more likely to be fidelity-inconsistent.

Conclusions
These results indicate that explicit consideration of modifications and their impact could be essential for sustaining the fidelity-consistent use of EBIs, even as such interventions are continuously modified.
Preoperative clear fluids fasting times in children: retrospective analysis of actual times and complications after the implementation of 1-h clear fasting
Authors: Ricci Zaccaria , Colosimo Denise , Saccarelli Luca , Pizzo Mariateresa , Schirru Elena , Giacalone Salvatore , Mancinelli Paola , Baldini Gabriele , Serio Paola 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Preoperative fasting before elective pediatric surgery is a matter of ongoing debate. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compliance to a recently implemented preoperative fasting protocol (clear fluids until 1 hour from the induction of anesthesia), to identify predictors of prolonged preoperative fasting time, and to determine whether duration of preoperative fasting was associated with adverse outcomes.

Methods
Retrospective single-center study in an operating theater of a tertiary pediatric hospital.

Results
In a 6-month period, 1820 consecutive patients were analyzed. The data collected in the questionnaire reporting the time of last food, milk and/or liquid intake, and eventual reasons for nonadherence was analyzed. Median (interquartile range) preoperative fasting time was 186 (110–345) min. In 502 patients (27.6%), duration of preoperative fasting to clear fluid ranged from 60 to 119 min, whereas in 616 (34%) it was 120–240 min. The reasons for not respecting fasting time rules are mostly related to communication issues or unwillingness by the patients. A significant difference in fasting times was evident between infants and children older than 10 years (188, 105–290 vs. 198, 115–362; p = 0.02). Fasting times were significantly shorter in the inpatient group and in the first scheduled patients of the morning. Clear fluids fasting times were significantly longer in patients with hypovolemia complications than in those without, 373 (185–685) vs. 180 (110–330) min (p < 0.0001). Longer fasting times to clear fluids, younger age, and scheduled surgery time were independently associated with the odds of experiencing complications.

Conclusions
In this single pediatric center study, median clear fluids fasting time was three times higher (180 min) than those recommended by the preoperative fasting protocol. Compliance to the protocol was observed in approximately 1 out of 4 patients (27.6%). Longer fasting times were associated with an increased risk of complications, which might be due to dehydration and/or hypovolemia.
Nonoperative, Active Surveillance of Larger Malignant and Suspicious Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Altshuler Benjamin , Bikas Athanasios , Pappa Theodora , Marqusee Ellen , Cho Nancy L , Nehs Matthew A , Liu Jason B , Doherty Gerard M , Landa Iñigo , Ahmadi Sara , Alexander Erik K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
Active surveillance for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) meeting criteria for surgical resection is uncommon. Which patients may prove reasonable candidates for this approach is not well defined.

Objective
This work aimed to examine the feasibility and safety of active surveillance for patients with known or suspected intrathyroidal PTC up to 4 cm in diameter.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of all consecutive patients who underwent nonoperative active surveillance of suspicious or malignant thyroid nodules over a 20-year period from 2001 to 2021. We included patients with an initial ultrasound–fine-needle aspiration confirming either (a) Bethesda 5 or 6 cytology or (b) a “suspicious” Afirma molecular test. The primary outcomes and measures included the rate of adverse oncologic outcomes (mortality and recurrence), as well as the cumulative incidence of size/volume growth.

Results
Sixty-nine patients were followed with active surveillance for 1 year or longer (average 55 months), with 26 patients (38%) having nodules 2 cm or larger. No patients were found to develop new-incident occurrence of lymph node or distant metastasis. One patient, however, demonstrated concern for progression to a dedifferentiated cancer on repeat core biopsy 17 years after initial start of nonoperative selection. A total of 21% of patients had an increase in maximum diameter more than 3 mm, while volume increase of 50% or greater was noted in 25% of patients. Thirteen patients ultimately underwent delayed (rescue) surgery, and no disease recurrence was noted after such treatment. Age and initial nodule size were not predictors of nodule growth.

Conclusion
These data expand consideration of active surveillance of PTC in select patients with intrathyroidal suspected malignancy greater than 1 cm in diameter. Rescue surgery, if required at a later time point, appears effective.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress impedes regulated secretion by governing key exocytotic and granulogenic molecular switches
Authors: Mukherjee Mohima , Mukherjee Chandramouli , Ghosh Vinayak , Jain Aamna , Sadhukhan Souren , Dagar Sushma , Sahu Bhavani Shankar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Dense core vesicles (DCVs) and synaptic vesicles are specialised secretory vesicles in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, and abnormal release of their cargo is associated with various pathophysiologies. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inter-organellar communication are also associated with disease biology. To investigate the functional status of regulated exocytosis arising from the crosstalk of a stressed ER and DCVs, ER stress was modelled in PC12 neuroendocrine cells using thapsigargin. DCV exocytosis was severely compromised in ER-stressed PC12 cells and was reversed to varying magnitudes by ER stress attenuators. Experiments with tunicamycin, an independent ER stressor, yielded similar results. Concurrently, ER stress also caused impaired DCV exocytosis in insulin-secreting INS-1 cells. Molecular analysis revealed blunted SNAP25 expression, potentially attributed to augmented levels of ATF4, an inhibitor of CREB that binds to the CREB-binding site. The effects of loss of function of ATF4 in ER-stressed cells substantiated this attribution. Our studies revealed severe defects in DCV exocytosis in ER-stressed cells for the first time, mediated by reduced levels of key exocytotic and granulogenic switches regulated via the eIF2α (EIF2A)–ATF4 axis.
Effects of binocular cue availability on leaping performance in Cheirogaleus medius: implications for primate origins
Authors: Kemp Addison D. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Multiple competing hypotheses attribute the evolution of the suite of traits that distinguish primates from their closest relatives, including forward-facing eyes, which create a wide field of binocular vision, to specific behavioral and ecological factors. The grasp-leaping hypothesis suggests that the evolution of these traits in basal primates was driven by the demands of a form of leaping locomotion unique to primates. Whether the grasp-leaping hypothesis provides a viable mechanism for the evolution of primates' forward-facing eyes remains untested. To determine whether grasp-leaping locomotion may have contributed to driving the evolution of primates' forward-facing eyes, the importance of vision within the binocular field for this type of leaping was evaluated experimentally in Cheirogaleus medius, one of the cheirogaleid primate species considered reasonable living analogs of the earliest primates. Availability of binocular visual cues was experimentally restricted using a head-mounted blinder that narrowed the binocular visual field without altering the total visual field. Animals altered their launch behavior, reduced their horizontal leap speed, and were significantly more likely to select paths that offered the shortest available leaps when their binocular field was restricted. Restriction of binocular cue availability also significantly increased the probability of adverse landings even when statistically controlling for potentially confounding variables such as leap distance, horizontal leap speed, learning effects, etc. These results suggest a functional mechanism by which selection for improved grasp-leaping could also have contributed to the evolution of forward-facing eyes in the earliest crown primates.
DIGITALIZATION AS A MODERN CONDITION OF SOCIAL INTERACTION IN CULTURE
Authors: Gasparyan Lyudmila S. 
Published: February 2024

The formation of the digital environment leads to the development of new behaviors, where the principle of social interaction is fundamentally changing. Obviously, these changes will be one of the most significant aspects of shaping the world picture. The emerging difference in the ways of interaction actualizes research in the field of constructing a social reality that acquires a predetermined meaning and shape, within which technological aspects become much more significant than substantive ones.
Digitalization contributes to the emergence of new ways of interaction that can significantly transform public perceptions of the surrounding space and its constituent elements.
The high information noise of the digital environment reduces not only the focus of the user’s attention, but also, as a result, leads to the so-called “attention economy”. Emerging practices using “big data” change the usual ways of interaction and indicates that modern technologies can change the design of an individual’s behavior.
In this regard, the question becomes relevant, to what extent is it possible to construct an individual’s behavior through digital influence? And what methods of construction are in demand today to the greatest extent?
THE THEME OF THE DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN PEOPLE IN THE GRAPHIC CYCLE CROSSROADS OF MEMORY (1944-2019) BY RUSTAM YAKHIKHANOV
Authors: Khamzatova Zarema R. 
Published: February 2024

This study is the first to present an analysis of previously unexplored works that serve as an artistic response to the tragic events in the history of the Chechen people in 1944. Using the works of the graphic cycle by artist R. Yakhihhanov as an example, the study reveals the peculiarities of interpreting ideas and plots to unfold the theme of deportation. Drawing on the life experiences of senior family members and relatives who suffered political repression, the artist conveys personal tragedies and losses to the viewer.
The aim of the research is to identify as well as philosophically and culturally analyze the artistic representation of the theme of the deportation of the Chechen people in the graphic cycle Crossroads of Memory, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples. Objectives: to uncover the ideological and moral aspects of the author’s graphic works, as well as to show the way the artist transforms his experiences into dynamic and memorable visual images; examine and analyze the ways in which the theme of deportation is embodied in the author’s works.
Materials and methods. The work is primarily based on graphic works created between 2013-2018, as well as information from the catalogue of exhibitions by the Chechen artist. The fundamental research method is a comprehensive approach, incorporating methods of concrete-historical and semiotic analysis, figurative-stylistic analysis, as well as methods of extraction and explication.
Results. In the images of the cycle Crossroads of Memory by R. Yakhikhanov, one can see a combination of artistic and documentary elements, modern graphic techniques, and traditional symbolic systems within the context of archetypes of traditional Chechen culture. The graphic canvases vividly and convincingly recreate the sense of pain felt by an entire nation due to the loss of their homeland. The main idea of the cycle is the belief in the courage, resilience, and sense of justice of the people who managed to endure these terrible years and return to their homeland with honour.
Practical implications. The research findings can be applied in lectures and seminars on museum studies and cultural studies, in conducting tours in art galleries, and in compiling a catalogue of R. Yakhikhanov’s works.
CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND VALUE DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Belikova Evgeniya K. 
Published: February 2024

Since the first stages of society’s development, such phenomena as “culture” and “value” have been of particular importance, since value development necessarily leads to a change in culture, and a renewed culture forms new values in society. And currently, these phenomena are of research interest for many theoretical and applied developments of philosophers, cultural scientists, sociologists.
At the end of the 20th century, the rapid development of digital technologies and their introduction into the daily lives of millions of people brought about global changes in culture and values. At a certain period of time, after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s and early 2000s, Russia was guided by Western values, but since the late 2000s the situation has changed, legislative acts regulating cultural policy in the Russian Federation, including in the field of spiritual and moral values, have been adopted.
Purpose. The article attempts to analyze the transformation of values in Russian society, summarize the state experience in regulating the sphere of culture and identify additional possible measures to preserve cultural and moral identity.
Methods. The cultural philosophical approach has made it possible to trace the transformation of values in society in recent years. General logical research methods were used in the work. The legislative acts of the Russian Federation regulating the policy in the field of culture are considered.
Results. Consideration of the philosophical and cultural approaches of various researchers to the renewal of culture and the transformation of values made it possible to clarify these processes and their interrelationship. Through the analysis of legislative acts and the results of opinion polls, the measures taken by the state to transform culture are evaluated.
As a result of the consideration of the relationship between culture and values and the study of legislative acts, it has been revealed that in recent years the authorities have realized the need at the state level to review cultural policy and position the revival of national traditions and foundations. But the measures taken are still insufficient.
Practical implications. The results of the research can be applied in any cultural, philosophical, social, humanitarian research, in the framework of educational and cognitive transformations, analysis of cross-cultural interactions.