bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous nerve biopsy in patients with symptoms of small fiber neuropathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Løseth Sissel , Nebuchennykh Maria , Brokstad Ruth Therese , Lindal Sigurd , Mellgren Svein Ivar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate to what extent small fiber tests were abnormal in an unselected retrospective patient material with symptoms suggesting that small fiber neuropathy (SFN) could be present, and to evaluate possible gender differences.

Methods
Nerve conduction studies (NCS), skin biopsy for determination of intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed. Z-scores were calculated from reference materials to adjust for the effects of age and gender/height.

Results
Two hundred and three patients, 148 females and 55 males had normal NCS and were considered to have possible SFN. 45.3 % had reduced IENFD, 43.2 % of the females and 50.9 % of the males. Mean IENFD was 7.3 ± 2.6 fibers/mm in females and 6.1 ± 2.3 in males (p<0.001), but the difference was not significant when adopting Z-scores. Comparison of gender differences between those with normal and abnormal IENFD were not significant when Z-scores were applied. QST was abnormal in 50 % of the patients (48.9 % in females and 52.9 % in males). In the low IENFD group 45 cases out of 90 (50 %) were recorded with abnormal QST. In those with normal IENFD 51 of 102 (50 %) showed abnormal QST.

Conclusions
Less than half of these patients had reduced IENFD, and 50 % had abnormal QST. There were no gender differences. A more strict selection of patients might have increased the sensitivity, but functional changes in unmyelinated nerve fibers are also known to occur with normal IENFD.
Approval to collect data was given by the Norwegian data protection authority at University Hospital of North Norway (Project no. 02028).
Effect Of Three Zeolite-containing Natural Pozzolanic Materials On Alkali-Silica Reaction
Authors: Wang H , Gillott JE 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the effect of three natural zeolite-containing pozzolanic admixtures on expansion of mortar bars caused y alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Heulandite is present in all three samples, and clinoptilolite may be also present in one sample. Silica is also present in all three samples, but the mineral form and the amount of silica are significantly different in the different samples. Nevada opal was used as the alkali-expansive mineral in the aggregate, and the three admixtures (I, II, and III) were each blended with Type 10 portland cement at three replacement levels by weight of 6, 12, and 24%. Mortar bars containing 6 and 12% of the pozzolanic admixture tended to expand more than control bars, but when 24% admixture was present, expansion was reduced. The study suggests that the mineral composition and the content of alkali-reactive components in the admixture have an important bearing on their effectiveness in reducing expansion due to ASR.
European (EN) and World (ISO) Standards—Comparison with ASTM Standards
Authors: Dutron P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The issue of a European Community directive aimed at removing trade barriers to a variety of products, among them cement, led to the setting up of CEN/TC 51 as well as the preparation of a series of standards (EN 196) concerning test methods. These were adopted by CEN and later by ISO and are compared to ASTM standards. The release in 1988 of a further European directive dealing specifically with construction products required a new approach from CEN/TC 51's work towards cement definition, composition, specifications, and conformity criteria. The contents of the prestandard ENV 197-1 for common cements is described. At the same time, a tentative comparison is made of this prestandard and ASTM standards. Information is also given about future work planned with regard to common cements (possible additional performance criteria) and special cements.
Blended Cement According to ENV 197 and Experiences in Germany
Authors: Schmidt M , Harr K , Boeing R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The European prestandard on common cements, ENV 197, Part 1 [1], differentiates 5 main types and 25 different varieties. Except for portland cement, all cements are composed of at least two or more main components: clinker, blastfurnace slag, natural or artificial pozzolans, fly ash, silica fume, burnt shale, and pulverized or interground limestone. The proportions differ from 5 to 95% (all percentages by mass) clinker. German experiences with high-quality portland-limestome cements and portland-fly ash-slag cements in concrete show some advantages in workability and the same favorable behavior in strength and durability.
Materials for electronically controllable microactuators
Authors: Reynolds Michael F. , Miskin Marc Z. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Electronically controllable actuators have shrunk to remarkably small dimensions, thanks to recent advances in materials science. Currently, multiple classes of actuators can operate at the micron scale, be patterned using lithographic techniques, and be driven by complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible voltages, enabling new technologies, including digitally controlled micro-cilia, cell-sized origami structures, and autonomous microrobots controlled by onboard semiconductor electronics. This field is poised to grow, as many of these actuator technologies are the firsts of their kind and much of the underlying design space remains unexplored. To help map the current state of the art and set goals for the future, here, we overview existing work and examine how key figures of merit for actuation at the microscale, including force output, response time, power consumption, efficiency, and durability are fundamentally intertwined. In doing so, we find performance limits and tradeoffs for different classes of microactuators based on the coupling mechanism between electrical energy, chemical energy, and mechanical work. These limits both point to future goals for actuator development and signal promising applications for these actuators in sophisticated electronically integrated microrobotic systems.

Graphical Abstract
TEMPORAL EVENTS PROCESSING MODELS IN FINITE STATE MACHINES
Authors: Miroshnyk M. A. , Shmatkov S. I. , Shkil O. S. , Miroshnyk А. М. , Pshenychnyi K. Y. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The issue of a synthesizable finite state machine with temporal events processing using hardware description language pattern. The object of this study is external event processing in real-time systems.
Objective. The goal of this work is to introduce methods to express external temporal events on finite state machine state diagrams and corresponding HDL patterns of such events processing in control systems.
Method. The classification of external events in real-time systems is analyzed. A device class that changes its internal state depending on the temporal external events is introduced. A method to express these events on the temporal state diagram is introduced. Possible model behavior scenarios based on the external event duration are analyzed. A Verilog HDL external event processing pattern is introduced. The efficiency of the proposed model is proved by developing, verifying, and synthesis of a powersaving module in Xilinx ISE. The results and testing showed the model’s correctness.
Results. External temporal events processing methods in real-time device models are proposed. The corresponding HDL pattern for the proposed model implementation is presented.
Conclusions. The real-time systems with external temporal events automated synthesis problem has been solved. To solve this problem, a finite state machine model-based device using the Verilog language was developed and tested. The scientific novelty lies in the introduction a method to express temporal events on the state diagram of the finite state machine as well as in a HDL when implementing the proposed model on CPLD and FPGA.
Bilateral reconstruction of palmar soft tissues defects of the hands after thermal injury
Authors: Biktasheva E. M. , Minasov B. Sh. , Valeev M. M. , Yakupov R. R. , Minasov T. B. , Mavlyutov T. R. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Thermal injury to the palmar surface of the hand is usually complicated by flexion desmogenic contracture of the finger joints. This condition is more complicated with significant wound areas and depths of soft tissue destruction. Conventional surgical methods and soft tissue reconstructions may fail to provide full restoration of the hand function.The objective was to present the optimal treatment strategy for patients with scar flexion contractures of the fingers after thermal injury to the palmar surface of both hands using a pediatric case report.Material and methods A child aged 2 years and 4 months underwent surgical treatment to include excision of scars, skin grafting of both hands with a vascularized fasciocutaneous flap raised with the radial artery.Result The patient could regain all types of hand grip on both sides 12 years after surgical treatment. Both hands were aesthetically acceptable.Discussion Treatment of patients with thermal injury and substantial soft tissue damage is a complex disease process. Conservative treatment and surgical procedures using non-vascularized skin flaps are normally used for the condition. These approaches are associated with cicatricial and arthrogenic flexion contracture of the finger joints. The radical treatment includes thorough wound debridement and early flap coverage and wound closure using a flap with an axial-pattern blood supply, free flaps and reverse-flow flaps. The surgical approach helps to avoid flexion contracture of the fingers initiating early restoration of professional, social stereotypes and stereotypes in everyday life.Conclusion The clinical observation has shown the possibility of one-stage organ-preserving surgical treatment using flaps with an axial blood supply.
Long-term results and complication following Achilles tendon rupture repair
Authors: Magnitskaya N. E. , Logvinov A. N. , Ryazantsev M. S. , Andreev P. S. , Vasilyev I. A. , Bessonov D. A. , Ilyin D. O. , Frolov A. V. , Korolev A. V. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Currently,there is no consensus regarding optimal treatment options of Achilles tendon rupture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long term results of Achilles tendon repair using different surgical techniques, assess complication rate and subjective satisfactionMethods The study included patients treated for Achilles tendon rupture using minimally invasive and open surgical repair. Complications including re-rupture, infection, deep vein thrombosis and neuropraxia were identified. In order to evaluate the factors influencing the risk of postoperative complications, logistic regression analysis was performed. The Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) evaluated subjective outcomes.Results 130 patients with Achilles tendon tear were enrolled (123 primary and 7 revision cases). In primary repairs percutaneous technique was used in 60 % of cases (74/123), mini open technique – in 16 % (19/123), and open technique – in 24 % (30/123). Re-rupture occurred in 2.4 % of patients treated with minimally invasive techniques. There were no repeated ruptures following open repairs. Predominant number of infections was registered after open repairs and made 10 %, while minimally invasive techniques had 3.2 % of infections. Logistic regression analyses showed that steroid injection, open repair, application of tapes and autografts increased the risk of infectious complications. There were no significant differences in ATRS and AOFAS scores between different primary Achilles tendon repair techniques (p > 0.05).Discussion Results, obtained in the current study, are consistent with previously published data.Conclusions Open Achilles tendon repair showed a higher rate of infections, and lower rate of re-ruptures. The anamnesis of steroid injection, open repair, application of tapes and autografts increases the risk of infectious complications.
Comparison of bone age assessment methods using a hand radiography in patients with active growth plate and anteromedial knee instability
Authors: Ivanov Ia. A. , Mininkov D. S. , Gushchina D. A. , Yeltsin A. G. 
Published: February 2024

Background Bone age is essential for pediatric patients with active growth zones and anteromedial instability to facilitate optimal treatment strategy and minimize postoperative complications. However, many people are unaware of various tools for determining bone age, including classical methods and modern machine learning techniques.The objective was to show and compare different methods for calculating bone age and determining surgical strategy for patients with anteromedial instability of the knee joint.Material and methods All-Inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed for 20 patients. Wrist radiographs were performed for bone age assessment using the "point scoring system" of Tanner and Whitehouse and the "atlas matching" method of Greulich and Pyle. Machine learning programs were used in addition to standard bone age assessments.Results The findings showed an average difference of 21 months (80 %) in a group of 20 individuals with bone age ahead of the passport age and an average difference of 18 months (20 %) in patients with retarded bone age.Discussion The findings showed the difference between chronological and bone age and could be encountered in scientific articles on endocrinology and pediatrics. No scientific studies on the use of the methods could be found in the specialty “trauma and orthopaedics”.Conclusion Bone age assessment, prediction of children's target height are essential for surgical treatment of patients with open growth plates.
Evaluation of the results of salvage surgical treatment of distal phalanx injuries and substantiation of the algorithm of finger salvage treatment
Authors: Kalita E. R. , Chmyrev I. V. , Gubochkin N. G. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction The rates of hand injuries in the structure of total of injuries range from 30 to 50 % in recent decades. The improvement of approaches to the choice of optimal options for treatment of injuries of the distal phalanges of fingers that ensure the preservation of anatomical integrity and function of fingers remains relevant.The purpose of the work was a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of various methods for surgical treatment of trauma to the distal phalanx of fingers.Methods Forty-seven patients (18 men and 29 women, mean age 34.2 ± 13.3 years) with injuries to the distal phalanges of the fingers were examined and treated. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (comparison) was 25 patients. Conventional approaches to the formation of finger stumps were used by shortening the bone part of the phalanx, forming two opposite flaps and applying several interrupted sutures; group 2 (main group) were 22 patients treated according to the surgical tactics developed by us. The proposed tactics of reconstructive plasty of the defects in the nail phalanges of three joint fingers involves the formation of a stump of the nail phalanx with a visual effect of elongation of the phalanx due to local or cross-plasty with dermo-fascial flaps. Comparison of treatment results in the groups of patients was performed 1, 3, 6, 12 months after reconstruction operations.Results It was established that the use of the developed surgical treatment of the injury to the distal phalanx of the fingers results in less severity (compared to the use of standard methods) of pain on days 10-21 after surgery (by 44.8-54.3 %), lower levels of the Quick DASH indicators after 3-12 months, decrease in Vancouver scoring of skin scar severity changes after 6-12 months, higher patient satisfaction with the functional result of treatment. Based on the results obtained, a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for providing medical care to hand injuries has been proposed.Discussion The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of the developed method of plastic surgery of fingertip defects of nail phalanges in the three joint fingers by moving the palmar-lateral and dorsal-lateral blood-supplied flaps from the fingers of the same name and neighboring fingers without shortening the bone stumps of the nail phalanges while achieving an esthetic result by visual lengthening of the fingertip phalanx. Based on the results obtained, a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for providing medical care to patients with finger injuries has been proposed.Conclusion The proven method improves the results of reconstructive surgical interventions in the treatment of fingertip defects the of tnail phalanx in three joint fingers.
Pathomorphologic evaluation of intra-articular injections of soluble platelet-rich plasma for treatment of experimental osteoarthritis
Authors: Tretyakov A. A. , Zinovkin D. A. , Karpenko F. N. , Potapnev M. P. , Nikolaev V. I. , Pranjol M. Z.I. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Non-surgical treatment of osteoarthritis is aimed at managing joint degeneration and inflammation to prolong the life of the original joint and delay total joint replacement. The objective was to pathomorphologically substantiate preclinical effectiveness of PRP in OA using comparative analysis of depleted plasma and serum.Material and methods The experiment was performed in 120 Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups. Osteoarthritis was simulated using an original method. Knee joint injection given to the animals after skin dissection under inhalation anesthesia and visual control two weeks later contained 0.05 ml PRP in group 1, 0.05 ml plasma in groups 2 and 0.05 ml blood serum in groups 3. The same volume of physiological saline solution was used for the injections produced for control animals. Injections were administered three times at 2-week intervals. Animals were sacrificed in groups of 10 at 2 weeks of each injection.Results The median MANKIN value scored 2.0 (1.0; 2.0) in group 1, 6.0 (5.0; 7.0) in group 2 and 7.0 (6.0; 7.0) in group 3 at 6 weeks. The median MANKIN value scored 7.5 (7.0, 8.0) in the control group. Statistically significant differences were determined between the groups at p < 0.001.Discussion Literature data on preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of PRP therapy in biological models of OA are controversial. An original, low-traumatic functional method was used for simulating knee OA to reproduce major pathogenetic mechanisms in rats.Conclusion The findings suggested a pronounced therapeutic effect with improved morphofunctional features of the hyaline cartilage and MANKIN score of 2 at 6 days of intra-articular administration of modified PRP as compared with plasma and serum.
Comparative experimental study of biomechanical features of suture materials in tendon repair
Authors: Malishevsky V. M. , Paskov R. V. , Sergeev K. S. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Many different suture configurations and pathomorphology of tendon repair have been described for tendon repair over the past 20 years. However, the biomechanical properties of suture material at primary flexor tendon repair have not been sufficiently explored. A cyclic loading test is performed to evaluate the performance of the different sutures under repeated loading conditions simulating dynamic conditions in postoperative rehabilitation procedures.The objective was to compare the strength of suture materials under cyclic loading on a biological model of a tendon.Material and methods Eighty porcine digital flexor tendons were examined in a pilot study. The sutured tendons were tested with a universal testing machine. Tendon repair was produced using polypropylene in group I, braided polyamide suture in group II, complex polytetrafluoroethylene thread in group III and a thread of superelastic titanium nickelide in group IV. The standard Chang protocol was used for cyclic loading.Results The percentage of intact sutures was 25 % in group I and in group II, 80 % in group III and 85 % in group IV after completing the entire load cycle. A pairwise comparison showed suture disruption being more common for group I and group II as compared to group III and group IV. Irreversible gap was more common for group 1 as compared to group IV. Neither knot ruptures nor tissue cutting were seen in the groups.Discussion The topic of biomechanical properties of suture material remains poorly understood. Although static load testing is commonly used in current experimental studies and cyclic testing is suitable for simulating postoperative conditions. The search continues for the “ideal” suture material for flexor tendon repair to prevent tears and retain tensile properties until the repair reaches strength.Conclusion The threads of polytetrafluoroethylene and nickelide-titanium showed the best biomechanical properties for tendon repair in the form of linear strength, good elasticity and low plasticity of the suture material. There were no significant differences between polypropylene and braided polyamide threads.
PERSEPSI SISWA-SISWI TERHADAP NILAI DAKWAH PADA FILM DUA GARIS BIRU KARYA GINA S NOER (Studi Pada Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 22 Palembang)
Authors: Putri Indri Emirna , Nuraida Nuraida , Suryati Suryati 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul berjudul “Persepsi Siswa-Siswi Terhadap Nilai Dakwah Pada Film Dua Garis Biru Karya Gina S Noer (Studi Pada Siswa KelasXI IPA SMA Negeri 22 Palembang). Film Dua Garis Biru Karya Gina S Noer bertema tentang kehamilan remaja, film tersebut juga merupakan film yang memberi edukasi terhadap kehidupan remaja, tentu hal tersebut yang membuat film ini menjadi banyak peminat di kalangan remaja. Masalah yang dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah nilai-nilai dakwah yang terdapat dalam film Dua Garis Biru, dan persepsi siswa-siswi tentang film Dua Garis Biru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yakni teknik penngumpulan, analisis data dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan mengumpulkan dokumen- dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya nilai dakwah pada film Dua Garis Biru serta terdapat persepsi yang berbeda dari siswa-siswi SMA Negeri 22 Palembang terhadap film Dua Garis Biru.
Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Nilai Dakwah, Film Dua Garis Biru
MEME ANIES BASWEDAN JOKER OLEH ADE ARMANDO PADA MEDIA ONLINE DETIK.COM
Authors: Lestari Rahmi Widya , Sihabuddin M. Amin , Muzaiyanah Muzaiyanah 
Published: February 2024

This research originated from the author’s interest in the many cases of Ade Armando who played a role with various problems, the most exciting of which was the case of Ade Armando regarding the photo contamination of DKI Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan with the title “Framing Analysis of Anies Baswedan Joker’s Meme News Content By Ade Armando in the Media Online Detik.Com, Ade Armando made a meme containing a photo of the Governor of DKI Jakarta in the form of a notorious fictional Joker character. The photo of the meme contains the phrase “the evil governor starts from a dismissed minister”. Here the researcher wants to see how the online media Detik.com frames the news, there are various frames that represent the reality of the Anies Baswedan Joker meme case by Ade Armando. The author chooses online media detik.com because online media reveals a lot of these cases with 16 news stories compared to other online media. The author conducted a qualitative research by analyzing several news stories of the Anies Baswedan meme case using the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M Kosicki’s framing analysis approach which has four dimensions, namely syntactic analysis (the way journalists compile facts), scripts (how journalists tell facts), thematic (the way the writer writes facts) and rhetorical (the journalist’s way of emphasizing the facts).

Keywords: Framing Analysis, Meme, Anies Baswedan Joker, Ade Armando.