bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mild airways obstruction: spirometric diagnostic pitfalls and solutions
Authors: Alotaibi Nawaf M. , Eddy Rachel L. , Sin Don D. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Spirometry is a validated tool in the diagnosis of obstructive airways disease. However, it may be insufficiently sensitive in detecting airflow limitation in the small airways. This review highlights common clinical scenarios wherein airflow limitation may be missed or overlooked.

Recent findings
This article covers recent literature on the interpretation of lung function test, focusing on detection of mild obstructive airways disease. It also sheds light on the contextual difficulties of defining mild airflow limitation on spirometry.

Summary
We highlight the consensus definition of mild obstructive airways disease and emphasize that this definition does not necessarily mean mild in certain disease-specific contexts. Several spirometric findings outside of a reduced forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio should raise suspicion of mild obstruction.
Evaluating Treatment Response in GEJ Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Graf Markus , Gawlitza Joshua , Makowski Marcus , Meurer Felix , Huber Thomas , Ziegelmayer Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

Background
Neoadjuvant therapy regimens have significantly improved the prognosis of GEJ (gastroesophageal junction) cancer; however, there are a significant percentage of patients who benefit from earlier resection or adapted therapy regimens, and the true response rate can only be determined histopathologically. Methods that allow preoperative assessment of response are lacking.

Purpose
The purpose of this retrospective study is to assess the potential of pretherapeutic and posttherapeutic spectral CT iodine density (IoD) in predicting histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the GEJ.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 62 patients with GEJ carcinoma were studied. Patients received a multiphasic CT scan at diagnosis and preoperatively. Iodine-density maps were generated based on spectral CT data. All tumors were histopathologically analyzed, and the tumor regression grade (TRG) according to Becker et al (Cancer. 2003;98:1521–1530) was determined. Two experienced radiologists blindly placed 5 defined ROIs in the tumor region of highest density, and the maximum value was used for further analysis. Iodine density was normalized to the aortic iodine uptake. In addition, tumor response was assessed according to standard RECIST measurement. After assessing interrater reliability, the correlation of IoD values with treatment response and with histopathologic TRG was evaluated.

Results
The normalized ΔIoD (IoD at diagnosis − IoD after neoadjuvant treatment) and the normalized IoD after neoadjuvant treatment correlated significantly with the TRG. For the detection of responders and nonresponders, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for normalized ΔIoD yielded the highest area under the curve of 0.95 and achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 92.1%, respectively. Iodine density after neoadjuvant treatment achieved an area under the curve of 0.88 and a sensitivity and specificity of 86.8% and 84.6%, respectively (cutoff, 0.266). Iodine density at diagnosis and RECIST did not provide information to distinguish responders from nonresponders. Using the cutoff value for IoD after neoadjuvant treatment, a reliable classification of responders and nonresponders was achieved for both readers in a test set of 11 patients. Intraclass correlation coefficient revealed excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, >0.9). Lastly, using the cutoff value for normalized ΔIoD as a definition for treatment response, a significantly longer survival of responders was shown.

Conclusions
Changes in IoD after neoadjuvant treatment of GEJ cancer may be a potential surrogate for therapy response.
The temporal evolution of cancer hallmarks
Authors: Gourmet Lucie , Ramazzoti Daniele , Mallick Parag , Walker-Samuel Simon , Zapata Luis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer hallmarks describe key physiological characteristics that distinguish cancers from normal tissues. The temporal order in which these hallmarks appear during cancer pathogenesis is of interest from both evolutionary and clinical perspectives but has not been investigated before. Here, we order hallmarks based on the allele frequency and selective advantage of mutations in cancer hallmark genes across >10k untreated primary tumors and >8K healthy tissues. Using this novel approach, we identified a common evolutionary trajectory for 27 of 32 cancer types with genomic instability as the first and immune evasion as the last hallmark. We demonstrated widespread positive selection in cancer and strong negative selection in normal tissues for all hallmarks. Notable exceptions to the hallmark ordering in tumours were melanomas (uveal and skin) suggesting that strong environmental factors could disrupt common evolutionary paths. Clustering of hallmark trajectories across patients revealed 2 clusters defined by early or late genomic instability, with differential prognosis. Our study is the first to identify the temporal order of cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis and demonstrate a prognostic value that could be exploited for early detection and risk stratification across multiple cancer types.
A time-series analysis of anxiety diagnoses and prescriptions from January 2018 to January 2023
Authors: Cartwright Brianna M Goodwin , Smits Peter D , Rodriguez Patricia J , Gratzl Samuel , Baker Charlotte , Stucky Nick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to estimate whether first-time anxiety diagnoses and medication usage during and after the COVID-19 pandemic differed from diagnosis and medication usage rates prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, within groups stratified by age. We observed a significant increase in first-time anxiety diagnoses and prescriptions for 12–17-year-olds during April 2020-March 2021 compared to January 2018-February 2020. These trends were not sustained in subsequent periods. We also observed an increase in first-time prescriptions for 18–29-year-olds during the same time. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing mental health concerns, particularly among adolescents, both during and beyond the pandemic.
Acute to long-term characteristics of impedance recordings during neurostimulation in humans
Authors: Cui Jie , Mivalt Filip , Sladky Vladimir , Kim Jiwon , Richner Thomas J. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Wang Hai-long , Miller Kai J. , Gregg Nicholas , Wu Long Jun , Denison Timothy , Winter Bailey , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Kremen Vaclav , Worrell Gregory A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to characterize the time course of impedance, a crucial electrophysiological property of brain tissue, in the human thalamus (THL), amygdala-hippocampus (AMG-HPC), and posterior hippocampus (post-HPC) over an extended period.ApproachImpedance was periodically sampled every 5-15 minutes over several months in five subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy using an experimental neuromodulation device. Initially, we employed descriptive piecewise and continuous mathematical models to characterize the impedance response for approximately three weeks post-electrode implantation. We then explored the temporal dynamics of impedance during periods when electrical stimulation was temporarily halted, observing a monotonic increase (rebound) in impedance before it stabilized at a higher value. Lastly, we assessed the stability of amplitude and phase over the 24-hour impedance cycle throughout the multi-month recording.Main resultsImmediately post-implantation, the impedance decreased, reaching a minimum value in all brain regions within approximately two days, and then increased monotonically over about 14 days to a stable value. The models accounted for the variance in short-term impedance changes. Notably, the minimum impedance of the THL in the most epileptogenic hemisphere was significantly lower than in other regions. During the gaps in electrical stimulation, the impedance rebound decreased over time and stabilized around 200 days post-implant, likely indicative of the foreign body response and fibrous tissue encapsulation around the electrodes. The amplitude and phase of the 24-hour impedance oscillation remained stable throughout the multi-month recording, with circadian variation in impedance dominating the long-term measures.SignificanceOur findings illustrate the complex temporal dynamics of impedance in implanted electrodes and the impact of electrical stimulation. We discuss these dynamics in the context of the known biological foreign body response of the brain to implanted electrodes. The data suggest that the temporal dynamics of impedance are dependent on the anatomical location and tissue epileptogenicity. These insights may offer additional guidance for the delivery of therapeutic stimulation at various time points post-implantation for neuromodulation therapy.
Philanthropy as whiteness: toward racially just philanthropic practices
Authors: Scott Charity P. , Rodriguez Leach Nicole 
Published: January 2024

PurposeExploring how racism continues to persist throughout public and nonprofit organizations is central to undoing persistent society-wide injustices in the United States and around the globe. The authors provide two cases for identifying and understanding the ways in which philanthropy’s whiteness does harm to K–12 students and communities of color.Design/methodology/approachIn this article, the authors draw on critical race theory and critical whiteness studies, specifically Cheryl Harris' work to expose the whiteness of philanthropy, not as a racial identity, but in the way that philanthropy is performed. The authors characterize one of the property functions of whiteness, the right to exclude, as working through two mechanisms: neoliberal exclusion and overt exclusion. Drawing on this construction of the right to exclude, the authors present two cases: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the City Fund.FindingsWhether intentional or not, the Gates Foundation and the City Fund each exclude communities of color in several ways: from changes to schools and districts, parents' experiences navigating school enrollment due to these changes, to academic assessments and political lobbying.Originality/valueThese cases provide a way for researchers and practitioners to see how organizations in real time reify the extant racial hierarchy so as to disrupt such organizational processes and practices for racial justice.
Effects of mobile-assisted funds-of-knowledge writing practice in developing Latinx English learners’ intercultural sensitivity
Authors: Chen Yan , Hartley Kendall , Schrader P.G. , Zhang Chenghui 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine relevant demographic and socio-economic factors as they relate to progress towards intercultural communicative competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity for ethnic-minority Latinx middle school English learners (ELs) using a mobile-assisted funds-of-knowledge-featured writing practice.Design/methodology/approachThrough the theoretical lens of funds of knowledge, this three-year study implemented a survey-based quasi-experimental design centered on the Latinx ELs’ ICC development with the implementation of an intercultural sensitivity questionnaire (Chen and Starosta, 2000). The authors first investigated the relationship between ELs’ intercultural sensitivity and associated demographic and socio-economic factors. The authors then examined the changes of ELs’ intercultural sensitivity. Over ten weeks, the intervention group completed five funds-of-knowledge-featured narrative essays using pen and paper and mobile-based writing tools alternatively.FindingsFindings indicated that ELs’ intercultural sensitivity increased as they advanced to a higher-level grade from sixth to eighth. The embedded mobile-assisted funds-of-knowledge writing practice as intervention promoted ELs’ intercultural sensitivity in interaction engagement, respect of cultural differences, interaction enjoyment and interaction attentiveness. Among the variables, interaction enjoyment was portrayed the most. ELs who reported not speaking English at home were statistically significant in this experiment.Originality/valueThis study acknowledges the robust and variance of funds of knowledge as a niche to address the interculturality and hybridity of ELs’ cultural practices accumulated through Latinx ELs’ family socialization and social development using mobile-assisted writing practice. This study could provide implications for optimizing inclusive experience to promote computer-assisted language learning in a contemporary, postcolonial global world.
Sustainable education on improving the quality of peer assessment: design and implementation of an online deep learning-based peer assessment system
Authors: Lin Kuan-Cheng , Li Nien-Tzu , Chen Mu-Yen 
Published: January 2024

PurposeAs global issues such as climate change, economic growth, social equality and the wealth gap are widely discussed, education for sustainable development (ESD) allows every human being to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behavior and take action for sustainable development. Teachers have begun rating pupils based on peer assessment for open evaluation. Peer assessment enables students to transition from passive to active feedback recipients. The assessors improve critical thinking and encourage introspection, resulting in more significant recommendations. However, the quality of peer assessment is variable, resulting in reviewers not recognizing the remarks of other reviewers, therefore the benefits of peer assessment cannot be fulfilled. In the past, researchers frequently employed post-event questionnaires to examine the effects of peer assessment on learning effectiveness, which did not accurately reflect the quality of peer assessment in real time.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a multi-label model and develops a self-feedback system in order to use the AIOLPA system in the classroom to enhance students' learning efficacy and the validity of peer assessment.FindingsThe research findings indicate that the better peer assessment through the rapid feedback system, for the evaluator, encourages more self-reflection and attempts to provide more ideas, so bringing the peer rating closer to the instructor rating and assisting the evaluator. Improve self-evaluation and critical thinking for the evaluator, peers make suggestions and comments to help improve the work and support the growth of students' learning effectiveness, which can lead to more suggestions and an increase in the work’s quality.Originality/value ESD consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. This study builds an online peer assessment system with a self-feedback mechanism capable of classifying peer comments, comparing them with scores in a consistent manner and providing prompt feedback to critics.
Self-perceived talent status and employee outcomes: role of the organisational justice in Japanese learning organisations
Authors: Ishiyama Nobutaka , S. Tanaka Hideki 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between self-perceived talent status (SPTS) and positive employee outcomes (work engagement and organisational commitment), mediated by organisational justice (distributive and procedural justice). The authors define SPTS as employees’ self-conceptualisation of talent, formed by inferring the organisation’s initiatives regarding training and development opportunities and through informal recognition by others.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors measured SPTS using eight items on a five-point scale. Through an internet survey company, the authors initially surveyed 1,207 full-time employees from 300 Japanese companies with ≥ 300 employees. In the second round of the survey, conducted after approximately two weeks, 876 (82.9%) responses were collected from the initial 1,207 respondents, which were used for the final analysis.

Findings
SPTS was directly and positively related to work engagement, organisational commitment, distributive justice and procedural justice. In learning organisations, SPTS was positively but indirectly related to work engagement and organisational commitment, mediated by distributive justice. In non-learning organisations, SPTS was positively but indirectly related to work engagement and organisational commitment, mediated by procedural justice.

Practical implications
Given SPTS’s positive impact on employee outcomes, to eliminate the information asymmetry between organisations and talent due to strategic ambiguity, organisations should increase SPTS by helping talents perceive the plethora of development opportunities in the talent pool.

Originality/value
The results demonstrate the utility of SPTS for improving employee outcomes based on strategic talent management (TM) mechanisms including talent rewards, talent development opportunities and promotions. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that distributive justice plays an important role in the build-based TM context of learning organisations.
Association between laughter, frailty, and depression in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Suzuki Mochihito , Kojima Toshihisa , Terabe Kenya , Ohashi Yoshifumi , Sato Ryo , Kosugiyama Hironobu , Hasegawa Junya , Ohno Yusuke , Nagai Kaoru , Ohnishi Chinami , Sugiura Hideshi , Fujita Hitomi , Nagayoshi Mako , Kojima Masayo , Asai Shuji , Imagama Shiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether there are associations between laughter, disease activity, frailty, and depression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsA total of 240 patients were included in this prospective cohort study on frailty in RA patients between March 2021 and June 2022. Patients were divided into the following four groups according to the frequency of laughter: “almost every day,” “1–5 days per week,” “1–3 days per month,” and “never or almost never.” Patient characteristics were compared among the four groups by analysis of variance. Factors associated with laughter were identified by multivariable logistic analysis.ResultsThe mean 28‐joint Disease Activity Score using CRP was 1.91, with 70.7% of patients in remission and 12.6% in low disease activity. For the “almost every day” (42.5% of patients), “1–5 days per week” (40.0%), “1–3 days per month” (11.3%), and “never or almost never” (6.3%) groups, scores of the Kihon Checklist (KCL) for assessing frailty status were 3.5, 4.6, 7.3, and 8.1 (p < .001), respectively, and scores of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II) were 8.4, 10.7, 15.1, and 16.5 (p < .001), respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that KCL (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.90) and BDI‐II (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95) scores were independently associated with the frequency of laughter.ConclusionFrailty and depression were associated with laughter in RA patients with controlled disease activity. Interventions aimed at not only disease activity control but also frailty prevention may lead to a life filled with laughter.
Extended‐release buprenorphine in pregnancy
Authors: Hubbell Alexander , Aghenta Ese , Jones Cresta , Specker Sheila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe relative safety and efficacy of monthly extended‐release buprenorphine (XR‐BUP) has not been fully evaluated in pregnant persons.MethodsCase report of two pregnant individuals receiving XR‐BUP while pregnant.ResultsBoth patients had positive experiences and healthy infants.Discussion and ConclusionsSparse data regarding the use of XR‐BUP in pregnant patients limits shared decision‐making. Additional evidence will support the growing population of pregnant patients exposed to XR‐BUP.Scientific SignificancePositive patient experiences using XR‐BUP during pregnancy have been previously unreported. This report will contribute to discussions of risks and benefits for future patients using XR‐BUP during pregnancy.
Plasma protein signatures of adult asthma
Authors: Smilnak Gordon J. , Lee Yura , Chattopadhyay Abhijnan , Wyss Annah B. , White Julie D. , Sikdar Sinjini , Jin Jianping , Grant Andrew J. , Motsinger‐Reif Alison A. , Li Jian‐Liang , Lee Mikyeong , Yu Bing , London Stephanie J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdult asthma is complex and incompletely understood. Plasma proteomics is an evolving technique that can both generate biomarkers and provide insights into disease mechanisms. We aimed to identify plasma proteomic signatures of adult asthma.MethodsProtein abundance in plasma was measured in individuals from the Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS) (761 asthma, 1095 non‐case) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (470 asthma, 10,669 non‐case) using the SOMAScan 5K array. Associations with asthma were estimated using covariate adjusted logistic regression and meta‐analyzed using inverse‐variance weighting. Additionally, in ALHS, we examined phenotypes based on both asthma and seroatopy (asthma with atopy (n = 207), asthma without atopy (n = 554), atopy without asthma (n = 147), compared to neither (n = 948)).ResultsMeta‐analysis of 4860 proteins identified 115 significantly (FDR<0.05) associated with asthma. Multiple signaling pathways related to airway inflammation and pulmonary injury were enriched (FDR<0.05) among these proteins. A proteomic score generated using machine learning provided predictive value for asthma (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.75–0.79 in training set; AUC = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.69–0.75 in validation set). Twenty proteins are targeted by approved or investigational drugs for asthma or other conditions, suggesting potential drug repurposing. The combined asthma‐atopy phenotype showed significant associations with 20 proteins, including five not identified in the overall asthma analysis.ConclusionThis first large‐scale proteomics study identified over 100 plasma proteins associated with current asthma in adults. In addition to validating previous associations, we identified many novel proteins that could inform development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in asthma management.