bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of nonylphenol-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in male rats using green tea and Zn-Se tea interventions
Authors: Yu Jie , Li Shengnan , Li Mizhuan , Zhang Yujie , Tong Dayan , Xu Yuzhu , Wang Chengxing , Xu Jie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to nonylphenol (NP) on anxiety/depression-like behaviors in rats and alleviation of those effects via green tea and zinc selenium (Zn-Se) tea interventions.

Material and Methods
Totally, 40 male specific-pathogen free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 rats per group): control group (5 ml/kg corn oil), NP group (40 mg/kg NP), NP + GT group (40 mg/kg NP + 1 g/kg/day green tea), and NP + Zn-Se tea group (40 mg/kg NP + 1 g/kg/day ZST). All dose-based groups received oral gavage of either corn oil or drugs over a 6-month period: NP at a dosage of 40 mg/kg/day was administered to rats for the initial 3 months, followed by a combination of NP with green tea and NP with Zn-Se tea for the subsequent 3 months.

Results
Tea intervention resulted in weight loss in rats. The hippocampal tissue NP level in the tea group was slightly lower than that in the NP group. Following tea intervention, compared with the NP group, the residence time in the light-dark box test was shortened PGT = 0.048, P &lt; 0.001), and the number of entries into the closed arm in the elevated plus maze test in the tea-treated group was significantly reduced. In addition, the immobility time in the central square in the open field test decreased. The sucrose preference index score in the sucrose preference test increased, and the immobility time in the forced swimming test was reduced (PGT = 0.049, PZST &lt; 0.001). The effects of Zn-S e tea were superior to green tea. The damage to the hippocampal tissues in the group treated with tea was less than that in the NP group. The cellular arrangement was tighter with degeneration, deepstaining, and pyknotic nerve cells were visible. The nuclei in the NP group were atrophied, and the cells were sparsely arranged. Compared with the control group, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level was lower in the NP group. The serum corticosterone level in the NP group was elevated. Compared with the NP group, serum corticosterone level was reduced in the NP + Zn-Se tea group.

Conclusion
Chronic NP exposure induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in rats. Green tea effectively reduced the damage to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex induced by NP. The effects of Zn-Se tea were slightly more noticeable than those of conventional green tea.

Highlights
Clinical characteristics, management, outcome, and cost of stings and bites in patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Patil Amar , Chagi Ayyappa , Poojari Pooja Gopal , Rashid Muhammed , Shivashankar K N , Thunga Girish , Nair Sreedharan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to identify the clinical epidemiology and medical cost of stings and bites at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Subjects and Methods: The medical records of hospitalized patients in the tertiary care unit between 2016 and 2020 with the history of either being stung or bitten by insects were reviewed retrospectively. The patient’s demographic details, clinical symptoms, treatment chart, expenditure details, and outcomes were collected in pre-structured case report forms. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Results: A total of 66 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 45.86 ± 23.37 years. The majority of the incidence was due to bee stings (61%). Anaphylaxis was reported in 38% of the cases, followed by acute kidney injury (10.6%). The cost of hospitalization was found to be higher for spider bites at 896.73 ± 1414.95 USD, followed by wasp stings at 989.81 ± 1185.57 USD. In patients with complications, the average cost of stings and bites was 438.81 ± 685.81 USD. Most of the patients received antibiotics (75.8%), followed by steroids (62.1%). Conclusion: Stings and bite injuries may appear harmless initially, but they can cause severe complications in unidentified cases and for those who do not seek urgent medical attention. Antibiotics and corticosteroids can help in the management of envenomation.
Club cell‐specific telomere protection protein 1 (TPP1) protects against tobacco smoke‐induced lung inflammation, xenobiotic metabolic dysregulation, and injurious responses
Authors: Muthumalage Thivanka , Goracci Chiara , Rahman Irfan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInhaling xenobiotics, such as tobacco smoke is a major risk factor for pulmonary diseases, e.g., COPD/emphysema, interstitial lung disease, and pre‐invasive diseases. Shelterin complex or telosome provides telomeric end protection during replication. Telomere protection protein 1 (TPP1) is one of the main six subunits of the shelterin complex supporting the telomere stability and genomic integrity. Dysfunctional telomeres and shelterin complex are associated as a disease mechanism of tobacco smoke‐induced pulmonary damage and disease processes. The airway epithelium is critical to maintaining respiratory homeostasis and is implicated in lung diseases. Club cells (also known as clara cells) play an essential role in the immune response, surfactant production, and metabolism. Disrupted shelterin complex may lead to dysregulated cellular function, DNA damage, and disease progression. However, it is unknown if the conditional removal of TPP1 from Club cells can induce lung disease pathogenesis caused by tobacco smoke exposure. In this study, conditional knockout of Club‐cell specific TPP1 demonstrated the instability of other shelterin protein subunits, such as TRF1, dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, p53 and downstream targets, and dysregulation of telomeric genes. This was associated with age‐dependent senescence‐associated genes, increased DNA damage, and upregulated RANTES/IL13/IL33 mediated lung inflammation and injury network by cigarette smoke (CS). These phenomena are also associated with alterations in cytochrome P450 and glutathione transferases, upregulated molecular pathways promoting lung lesions, bronchial neoplasms, and adenocarcinomas. These findings suggest a pivotal role of TPP1 in maintaining lung homeostasis and injurious responses in response to CS. Thus, these data TPP1 may have therapeutic value in alleviating telomere‐related chronic lung diseases.
Fully Automated Analysis of the Anatomic and Mechanical Axes From Pediatric Standing Lower Limb Radiographs Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Murad Yousif , Chhina Harpreet , Cooper Anthony 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Lower limb alignment is the quantification of a set of parameters that are commonly measured radiographically to test for and track a wide range of skeletal pathologies. Determining limb alignment is a commonly performed yet laborious task in the pediatric orthopaedic setting and is therefore an interesting goal for automation.

Methods:
We employ a machine learning approach using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to segment pediatric weight-bearing lower limb radiographs. The results are then used with custom Matlab code to extract anatomic landmarks and to determine lower limb alignment parameters.

Results:
Measurements obtained from the automated workflow proposed here were compared with manual measurements performed by orthopaedic surgery fellows. Mechanical axis deviation was determined within a mean of 2.02 mm. Lateral distal femoral angle and medial proximal tibial angle were determined with a mean deviation of 1.73 and 2.90 degrees, respectively. The calculation speed for the full set of mechanical and anatomic axis parameters was found to be ~2 seconds per radiograph.

Conclusions:
The CNN-based approach proposed in this work was shown to produce results comparable to orthopaedic surgery fellows at fast calculation speed. Although further work is needed to validate these results against radiographs and measurements from other centers, we see this as a promising start and a functional path that can be employed in further research.

Clinical Relevance:
CNNs are a promising approach to automating commonly performed, repetitive tasks, especially those pertaining to image processing. The time savings are particularly important in clinical research applications where large sets of radiographs are routinely available and require analysis. With further development of these algorithms, we anticipate significantly improved agreement with expert-measured results and the calculation speed.
Masculinizing Chest Reconstruction in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Diaddigo Sarah E. , Asadourian Paul A. , Lavalley Myles N. , Marano Andrew A. , Rohde Christine H. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Masculinizing chest reconstruction (MCR) has been shown to improve quality of life and gender dysphoria in transmasculine adult patients. As nationwide access to gender-affirming care expands, more adolescents are seeking MCR. However, there is a paucity of literature examining patient characteristics, safety, and disparities among this population.

Methods
Cases of MCR were selected from the pediatric and adult American College of Surgeons and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Adolescent (18 years and older) and young adult (aged 19–25 years) transgender patients were analyzed for differences in demographics, comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and postoperative complications.

Results
A total of 1287 cases were identified, with an adolescent cohort of 189 patients. The proportion of White patients to other races was greater among adolescents than young adults (91.2% vs 82.4%, P = 0.007). Of adolescents and young adults, 6.0% and 11.1% identified as Hispanic/Latino, respectively (P = 0.059). Rates of all-cause postoperative complications were similar between adolescents (4.2%) and young adults (4.1%). Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that Black or African American patients experienced more all-cause postoperative complications than other races after controlling for American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, age group, and body mass index (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–5.9; P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Masculinizing chest reconstruction is equally safe for transmasculine adolescent and young adult patients. However, our data point to racial disparities in access to care and postoperative outcomes. An intersectional approach is needed to better understand the unique health care needs and barriers to care of minority transgender youth.
A Guide to Perforator Flap Selection for Buttock Pressure Sore Reconstruction
Authors: Zhou Jian , Mo Xiaojin , Xiao Shune , Chang Shusen , Chen Wei , Wei Zairong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Perforator flaps have been increasingly used to repair stage IV buttock pressure ulcers. However, no one has proposed an approach for stage IV buttock pressure ulcers repairing based on the subregion of buttock pressure ulcers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of perforator flaps in the repair of stage IV buttock pressure ulcers, and flap selection was based on the location of the pressure ulcers. Over the past 5 years, we evaluated 65 cases of stage IV buttock pressure ulcers repaired using perforator flaps. Flap selection was based on the subregion of each buttock pressure ulcer, following our approach. A total of 87 perforator flaps were used for 65 cases, including 42 superior gluteal artery perforator flaps, 19 fourth lumbar artery perforator flaps, and 26 descending inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps. All patients showed satisfactory reconstruction. The authors' approach can support surgeons in selecting the appropriate flaps to repair stage IV buttock pressure ulcers and achieve excellent reconstructive outcomes. This method makes the selection of flaps for pressure ulcer repair systematic, simple, and highly feasible and thus is worthy of promotion.
Comparing Outcomes of Traditional Lip Repair Versus Early Cleft Lip Repair on a National Scale
Authors: Stanton Eloise , Roohani Idean , Shakoori Pasha , Fahradyan Artur , Urata Mark M. , Magee William P. , Hammoudeh Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2024

Background
Cleft lip (CL) is one of the most common congenital anomalies and has traditionally been repaired surgically when the patient is between 3 and 6 months of age. However, recent single-institutional studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of early CL repairs (ECLRs) during the neonatal period. This study seeks to evaluate the outcomes of ECLR (repair <1 month) versus traditional lip repair (TLR) by comparing outcomes on a national scale.

Methods
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric Date File was used to query patients who underwent CL repairs between 2012 and 2022. The main outcome measures were anesthesia times and perioperative complications. The main predictive variable was operative group (ECLR vs TLR). Patients were considered to be in the ECLR cohort if they were younger than 30 days after birth at the time of cleft repair. Student t test and χ
2 analyses were used to evaluate categorical and continuous differences, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was performed to model the association of ECLR versus TLR with death within 30 days, overall complication rates, dehiscence rates, readmission within 30 days, and reoperation rates while controlling for various covariates.

Results
Multiple linear regression determined that the ECLR cohort had significantly shorter operative times when controlling for operative complications, sex, cardiac risk factors, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class (coefficient = −34.4; confidence interval, −47.8 to −20.9; P < 0.001). Similarly, multiple linear regression demonstrated ECLR patients to have significantly shorter time of exposure to anesthesia (coefficient = −35.0; 95% confidence interval, −50.3 to −19.7; P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that ECLR was not significantly associated with an increased likelihood of any postoperative complication when controlling for sex, cardiac risk factors, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class (P = 0.26)

Conclusions
The findings of this study provide nationwide evidence that ECLR does not lead to an increased risk of adverse outcomes or complications. In addition, ECLR patients have shorter surgeries and shorter exposure to anesthesia compared with TLR. The results provide further evidence that ECLR can be done safely where earlier intervention may result in better feeding/weight gain and subsequently improve cleft care. However, longer-term studies are warranted to further elucidate the effects of this protocol.
Impact of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Transatlantic Trend and Postoperative Outcomes Analysis
Authors: Davis Catherine H , Augustinus Simone , de Graaf Nine , Wellner Ulrich F , Johansen Karin , Andersson Bodil , Beane Joal D , Björnsson Bergthor , Busch Olivier R , Gleeson Elizabeth M , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , Tingstedt Bobby , Williamsson Caroline , Keck Tobias , Besselink Marc G , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Pitt Henry A ,   for the Global Audits on Pancreatic Surgery Group (GAPASURG)
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
The introduction of modern chemotherapy a decade ago has led to increased use of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A recent North American study demonstrated increased use of NAT and improved operative outcomes in patients with PDAC. The aims of this study were to compare the use of NAT and short-term outcomes in patients with PDAC undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) among registries from the US and Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden.

STUDY DESIGN:
Databases from 2 multicenter (voluntary) and 2 nationwide (mandatory) registries were queried from 2018 to 2020. Patients undergoing PD for PDAC were compared based on the use of upfront surgery vs NAT. Adoption of NAT was measured in each country over time. Thirty-day outcomes, including the composite measure (ideal outcomes), were compared by multivariable analyses. Sensitivity analyses of patients undergoing vascular resection were performed.

RESULTS:
Overall, 11,402 patients underwent PD for PDAC with 33.7% of patients receiving NAT. The use of NAT increased steadily from 28.3% in 2018 to 38.5% in 2020 (p < 0.0001). However, use of NAT varied widely by country: the US (46.8%), the Netherlands (44.9%), Sweden (11.0%), and Germany (7.8%). On multivariable analysis, NAT was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with reduced rates of serious morbidity, clinically relevant pancreatic fistulae, reoperations, and increased ideal outcomes. These associations remained on sensitivity analysis of patients undergoing vascular resection.

CONCLUSIONS:
NAT before PD for pancreatic cancer varied widely among 4 Western audits yet increased by 26% during 3 years. NAT was associated with improved short-term outcomes.
Polyhomogeneous spin-0 fields in Minkowski space–time
Authors: Gasperín Edgar 
Published: January 2024

The asymptotic behaviour of massless spin-0 fields close to spatial and null infinity in Minkowski space–time is studied by means of Friedrich’s cylinder at spatial infinity. The results are applied to a system of equations called the good–bad–ugly which serves as a model for the Einstein field equations in generalized harmonic gauge. The relation between the logarithmic terms (polyhomogeneity) appearing in the solution obtained using conformal methods and those obtained by means of a heuristic method based on Hörmander’s asymptotic system is discussed. This review article is based on Duarteet al.(Duarteet al.2023Class. Quantum Gravity40, 055002. (doi:10.1088/1361-6382/acb47e)); Gasperín & Pinto (Gasperín & Pinto 2023 Spin-0 fields and the NP-constants close to spatial infinity in Minkowski spacetime.J. Math. Phys.64, 082502. (doi:10.1063/5.0158746)).This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘At the interface of asymptotics, conformal methods and analysis in general relativity’.
Characterizations of Kerr-de Sitter in arbitrary dimension from null infinity
Authors: Mars M. , Peón-Nieto C. 
Published: January 2024

The Kerr and Kerr-de Sitter metrics share remarkable local geometric properties in four dimensions. Gibbonset al.found a generalization of the Kerr-de Sitter metric to higher dimensions, to which the local characterization above cannot be applied. One viable approach to characterize this family is to understand the behaviour of these metrics at future null infinity. We review Friedrich’s and Fefferman-Graham formalisms to discuss the asymptotic initial value problem of (Λ>0)-vacuum spacetimes in arbitrary dimensions and study their properties: geometric identification and conformal equivalence of data, Killing initial data and conformal equivalence of boundary conformal Killing vectors (CKV). These results are used to review a recent characterization of Kerr-de Sitter in terms of its asymptotic data, namely conformal flatness atItogether with a canonical TT tensor constructed from specific CKV atI. Allowing for arbitrary CKV defines the (larger) Kerr-de Sitter-like class. All these metrics can be obtained explicitly as limits or analytic extensions of Kerr-de Sitter. The Kerr-de Sitter-like class is also characterized by the property of being Kerr-Schild and fulfilling a certain falloff condition. In addition, in five dimensions, this class corresponds to all algebraically special metrics with non-degenerate optical matrix.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘At the interface of asymptotics, conformal methods and analysis in general relativity’.
Integration of genetic and epigenetic data pinpoints autoimmune specific remodelling of enhancer landscape in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Daga Neha , Servaas Nila H. , Kisand Kai , Moonen Dewi , Arnold Christian , Reyes-Palomares Armando , Kaleviste Epp , Kingo Külli , Kuuse Reet , Ulst Katrin , Steinmetz Lars , Peterson Pärt , Nakic Nikolina , Zaugg Judith B. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryCD4+ T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immune responses and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Despite numerous studies, the molecular mechanisms underlying T cell dysregulation in ADs remain incompletely understood. Here, we used transcriptomic and epigenomic data from CD4+ T cells of healthy donors and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and Graves’ disease to investigate the role of enhancers in AD pathogenesis. By generating enhancer-based gene regulatory networks (eGRNs), we identified disease-specific dysregulated pathways and potential downstream target genes of enhancers harbouring AD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which we also validated using CRISPRi in primary CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that alterations in the regulatory landscapes of CD4+ T cells, including enhancers, contribute to the development of ADs and provide a basis for developing new therapeutic approaches.
Impact of occluder device configurations in in-silico left atrial hemodynamics for the analysis of device-related thrombus
Authors: Albors Carlos , Mill Jordi , Olivares Andy L. , Iriart Xavier , Cochet Hubert , Camara Oscar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLeft atrial appendage occlusion devices (LAAO) are a feasible alternative for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at high risk of thromboembolic stroke and contraindication to antithrombotic therapies. However, optimal LAAO device configurations (i.e., size, type, location) remain unstandardized due to the large anatomical variability of the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology, leading to a 4-6% incidence of device-related thrombus (DRT). In-silico simulations have the potential to assess DRT risk and identify the key factors, such as suboptimal device positioning. This work presents fluid simulation results computed on 20 patient-specific left atrial geometries, analysing different commercially available LAAO occluders, including plug-type and pacifier-type devices. In addition, we explored two distinct device positions: 1) the real post-LAAO intervention configuration derived from follow-up imaging; and 2) one covering the pulmonary ridge if it was not achieved during the implantation (13 out of 20). In total, 33 different configurations were analysed. In-silico indices indicating high risk of DRT (e.g., low blood flow velocities and flow complexity around the device) were combined with particle deposition analysis based on a discrete phase model. The obtained results revealed that covering the pulmonary ridge with the LAAO device may be one of the key factors to prevent DRT. Moreover, disk-based devices exhibited enhanced adaptability to various LAA morphologies and, generally, demonstrated a lower risk of abnormal events after LAAO implantation.