bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bigoted Insults, Harm, and the Intentional Infliction of Pain: A Reply to Bell
Authors: Miller Dale E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Melina Constantine Bell (2021) argues that J. S. Mill's harm principle permits society to coercively interfere with the use of bigoted insults, since these insults are harmful on “a more expansive, modern, conception of harm.” According to Bell, these insults are harmful in virtue of their contributing to detrimental objective states like health problems. I argue that people with illiberal dispositions might have intense and sustained negative subjective reactions to behavior that the harm principle ought to protect, reactions intense enough to affect their health or other objective interests. Bell's way of thinking about harm therefore has illiberal implications. Yet I agree with her that bigoted insults should be regarded as harmful. I therefore propose an alternative way of understanding harm according to which subjective pain is a harm when it is intentionally caused.
Interparental mutually responsive orientation during pregnancy impacts toddler socioemotional development by promoting parent-infant relational dynamics
Authors: Ramsdell Erin L. , Laifer Lauren M. , McCoy Kelsey , Brock Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Child socioemotional difficulties emerge as early as infancy, increase over time, and place children at risk for future internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate pathways that originate within the interparental relationship during pregnancy and unfold during infancy that mitigate risk for toddler socioemotional difficulties and to examine the differential effects of these pathways for children with varying degrees of temperamental fearfulness. Specifically, we examined whether dyadic mutually responsive orientation (MRO; i.e., a system of attunement, reciprocity, cooperation, and warmth) observed in the prenatal interparental relationship and in both mother-infant and father-infant relationships predicted child socioemotional functioning at age 2. Findings revealed a significant direct effect of observed prenatal interparental MRO on mother-infant and father-infant MRO. Results also demonstrated an indirect effect of prenatal interparental MRO on socioemotional functioning via father-infant MRO. Temperamental fearfulness did not interact with interparental MRO, mother-infant MRO, or father-infant MRO to impact socioemotional functioning. Taken together, findings suggest high interparental MRO during pregnancy contributes to similar relational qualities in the parent-infant relationship and mitigates the risk for toddler socioemotional difficulties. Further, results underscore the importance of integrating fathers into prevention and intervention efforts when they are part of the family system.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve implantation in a paediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Öztürk Musa , Aykan Hayrettin Hakan , Karagöz Tevfik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPercutaneous interventions have become significant in the management of congenital heart diseases, with transcatheter procedures being increasingly used for valve dysfunction, particularly for cases requiring repetitive surgeries. This abstract presents a successful transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation in a 16-year-old patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation following a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement. The procedure involved transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation using the Mammoth 25x40 mm balloon catheter and the 26 mm Myval transcatheter heart valve system (Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Vapi, Gujarat, India), resulting in immediate improvement in right atrial pressure and regurgitation. The patient underwent an electrophysiological assessment as part of the follow-up and was discharged with a normal sinus rhythm. Tricuspid valve interventions, although less common, are essential in congenital heart diseases, which necessitate prosthetic heart valve implantation due to long-term complications. The valve-in-valve procedure offers a safe alternative, especially in paediatric patients, for reducing risks caused by repetitive surgeries, providing a valuable treatment option in experienced centres.
Perceptions of primary care services among Afro-Peruvians in Lima, Peru
Authors: Juárez-Chávez Elisa , Villalobos Ruiz José H. , Konda Kelika A. , Urday-Fernández Dayana , Cuba-Fuentes María Sofía 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The Peruvian public healthcare system is characterized by various shortcomings that adversely affect healthcare quality as perceived by the general and minority populations, including the Afro-Peruvian community. This population has demonstrated reduced healthcare access due to discrimination and differential treatment, reflecting broader societal inequities.

Objective:
This study explores the experiences and perceptions of Afro-Peruvian individuals regarding the treatment they receive from public primary healthcare providers in metropolitan Lima.

Methods:
In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with Afro-Peruvian individuals recruited from Lima. They were selected based on their responses to a survey conducted in a previous study, which indicated a high or low perception of intercultural adaptation in healthcare. The interviews explored their experiences with healthcare services and their perceptions about their interactions with health providers. The qualitative analysis involved topic coding to interpret the data.

Results:
We interviewed 19 Afro-Peruvians, including 15 women and 4 men, ages 26 to 70. The findings reveal that Afro-Peruvians generally experience mistreatment in the healthcare system. In their opinion, this is associated with systemic issues such as poor infrastructure, low salaries, and insufficient time allocated for patient care. Furthermore, participants perceive receiving poor quality and inefficient service not only from providers but also from the system presents difficulties in other processes, such as getting the appointment.

Conclusions:
This study highlights significant areas for improvement in the public healthcare system, specifically enhancing the quality of patient care, improving communication, and upgrading healthcare infrastructure to serve the Afro-Peruvian community better. These insights could guide the development of targeted policy recommendations and practical interventions to address healthcare disparities and improve access to quality healthcare services for minority populations.
Season × genotype interaction studies for identification of stable performing accessions for pod yield and attributing traits in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Mahadevaiah Channappa , Dhananjaya Mudki Virupakshappa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Additive main effects and multiplicative interactive effect stability model (AMMI) was used in the present study to understand the impact of season × genotype interaction (SGI) on pod yield and its attributing traits. A total of 86 determinate growth habit type French bean germplasm were evaluated in randomized block design with two replications in three different seasons. Significant variability was observed for genotypes, seasons and SGI. The component ‘seasons’ contributed more than 50% of variability to pod yield, pod number per plant and days to flowering (DFL), and ‘genotypes’ accounted more than 50% of phenotypic variation for pod length and pod width. The SGI signals were observed for pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight and DFL, and SGI accounted for more than 20% phenotypic variability for all traits. We identified IIHR-155 and IIHR-11 as the promising genotypes across three seasons based on their position on AMMI biplots, stability indices combined with high trait mean, estimates of best linear unbiased prediction and minimal crossover interaction. The results from the present study are highly useful for utilization in crop improvement programmes to evolve the season-specific varieties and varieties with wide adaptability in French bean.
Design and Optimization of a Low‐Cost 5‐m Radio Telescope at Princess Nourah University (PNU), Saudi Arabia
Authors: Allawi Yazan M. , Moneer Eman M. , Shbat Modar , Dyab Walid M. , Banisalman Mosab J. , Alwadai Norah M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper presents the design and optimization of a low‐cost, 5‐m radio telescope developed at Princess Nourah University (PNU), focusing on the 1,420 MHz spectral line of neutral hydrogen (HI) for studying the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way galaxy. The design process integrates key principles of radio telescope engineering, including the optimization of the parabolic dish's geometry, reflectivity, and feed horn design and positioning. Key design outcomes include achieving a sensitivity of and an angular resolution of 2.94° providing our telescope with the ability to detect faint cosmic signals. Additionally, the focal length was optimized at 1.75 m with conical feed horn of circular aperture radius of 81.7 mm providing a directivity of 6.47 dB and an aperture efficiency of 51% achieving semi‐optimal illumination for the designed reflector to minimize the signal loss. The resulting telescope gain of approximately 35 dB supports clear signal capture within the required frequency range. These performance metrics were verified through both simulations and experimental observations, confirming the high performance of our proposed radio telescope design. The advantages of this design include its affordability, replicability, and suitability for educational and research purposes, making it an accessible tool for radio astronomy studies in developing regions. The proposed radio telescope offers a cost‐effective solution for institutions seeking to engage in astronomical research and develop hands‐on learning experiences in antenna design and signal processing.
A new electoral bottom-up model of institutional governance
Authors: Garrido Carlos M. , Santos Francisco C. , Fernández Domingos Elias , Nunes Ana M. , Pacheco Jorge M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The sustainable governance of Global Risky Commons (GRC)—global commons in the presence of a sizable risk of overall failure—is ubiquitous and requires a global solution. A prominent example is the mitigation of the adverse effects of global warming. In this context, the Collective Risk Dilemma (CRD) provides a convenient baseline model which captures many important features associated with GRC type problems by formulating them as problems of cooperation. Here we make use of the CRD to develop, for the first time, a bottom-up institutional governance framework of GRC. We find that the endogenous creation of local institutions that require a minimum consensus amongst group members—who, in turn, decide the nature of the institution (reward/punishment) via an electoral process—leads to higher overall cooperation than previously proposed designs, especially at low risk, proving that carrots and sticks implemented through local voting processes are more powerful than other designs. The stochastic evolutionary game theoretical model framework developed here further allows us to directly compare our results with those stemming from previous models of institutional governance. The model and the methods employed here are relevant and general enough to be applied to a variety of contemporary interdisciplinary problems.
GABAergic neurons in basal forebrain exert frequency-specific modulation on auditory cortex and enhance attentional selection of auditory stimuli
Authors: Thomas Kevin , Azimi Hamid , Maggioni Davide , Sanders Mark , Sánchez Pilar Vaca , Harvey Michael A. , Rainer Gregor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF), in particular its cholinergic projections to cortex, has been implicated in regulation of attention in sensory systems. Here, we examine the role of GABAergic projections of the posterior nucleus basalis (pNB) and globus pallidus (GP) in attentional regulation in the auditory system. We employed a detection task where rats detected a narrow band target embedded in broad band noise, while optogenetically modulating GABAergic BF activity. We found that GABAergic BF modulation impacted target detection specifically close to perceptual threshold, consistent with a role in attentional modulation. We also present evidence for target frequency specificity of this modulation, including frequency selectivity and tonotopic organization of pNB/GP, as well as frequency band specific effects of optogenetics on behavioural target detection and on neural activity in auditory cortex and thalamus. Our findings highlight an important role of BF GABAergic neurons in modulating attention in the auditory pathway.
Multi‐agent track confirmation utilising reinforcement learning and game theoretics
Authors: Dolinger Geoffrey , Sharp Timothy , Lavender Bryan , Stringer Alexander , Karch Joseph , Bowersox Adam , Metcalf Justin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis research investigates the problem of track conformation for a search and evade challenge within the context of the radar resource management domain. To analyse how agent collaboration affects the ability of multiple radar agents in confirming an evasive target, a high‐fidelity radar simulation was designed. The simulated radar environment implements a realistic noise and clutter distribution and uses a generalised likelihood ratio test to make detections. The challenge is implemented as a limited information game with a highly evasive target attempting to reach one of four objective points before the track is confirmed by collaborative confirmation agents. Multiple Gaussian heuristic methods are compared with a reinforcement learning approach as the action selection agent. Three game theory strategies were also implemented: non‐collaborative best response, collaborative best response, and leader‐follower consensus. The results explore the effect of false alarms on confirmation performance and the impact of collaborative game theory applied to the agents versus isolated performance.
The MSG model for cloudy sub-stellar atmospheres
Authors: Campos Estrada Beatriz , Lewis David A. , Helling Christiane , Booth Richard A. , Ardévol Martínez Francisco , Jørgensen Uffe G. 
Published: January 2025

Context. State-of-the-art JWST observations are unveiling unprecedented views into the atmospheres of sub-stellar objects in the infrared, further highlighting the importance of clouds. Current forward models struggle to fit the silicate clouds absorption feature at ∼10 µm observed in sub-stellar atmospheres.
Aims. In the MSG model, we aim to couple the MARCS 1D radiative-convective equilibrium atmosphere model with the 1D kinetic, stationary, non-equilibrium cloud formation model DRIFT, also known as StaticWeather, to create a new grid of self-consistent cloudy sub-stellar atmosphere models with microphysical cloud formation. We aim to test if this new grid is able to reproduce the silicate cloud absorption feature at ∼10 µm.
Methods. We modelled sub-stellar atmospheres with effective temperatures in the range Teff = 1200–2500 K and with log(ɡ) = 4.0. We computed atmospheric structures that self-consistently account for condensate cloud opacities based on microphysical properties. We present an algorithm based on control theory to help converge such self-consistent models. Synthetic atmosphere spectra were computed for each model to explore the observable impact of the cloud microphysics. We additionally explored the impact of choosing different nucleation species (TiO2 or SiO) and the effect of less efficient atmospheric mixing on these spectra.
Results. The new MSG cloudy grid using TiO2 nucleation shows spectra that are redder in the near-infrared compared to the currently known population of sub-stellar atmospheres. We find that the models with SiO nucleation and models with reduced mixing efficiency are less red in the near-infrared.
Conclusions. We present a new grid of MSG models for cloudy sub-stellar atmospheres that include cloud radiative feedback from microphysical clouds. The grid is unable to reproduce silicate features similar to the ones found in recent JWST observations and Spitzer archival data. We thoroughly discuss further work that may better approximate the impact of convection in cloud-forming regions and steps that may help resolve the silicate cloud feature.
MUSE observations of V1425 Aql reveal an arc-shaped nova shell
Authors: Celedón Lientur , Tappert Claus , Schmidtobreick Linda , Selman Fernando J. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Nova shells are the remnants of a nova eruption in a cataclysmic variable system. By studying their geometry we can better understand the physical mechanisms that shape such shells during the nova eruption. A nova shell that challenges our current understanding of these processes is the shell observed around V1425 Aql. It has at least two different components: an inner, symmetric shell and an outer, asymmetric shell, with the latter expanding faster than the former. The physical reason for the asymmetric ejecta is not clear.
Aims. We aim to characterise the properties of and differences between these two components to understand the origin of the unusual shape.
Methods. We acquired MUSE data to study the spatial position and kinematics of the expanding gas across the shell. Our analysis involved channel maps, position-velocity diagrams, and the reconstruction of the 3D geometry of the nova shell.
Results. Several emission lines are detected within the MUSE wavelength coverage, including but not limited to Balmer, oxygen, nitrogen, and helium lines. There are significant differences in the spectra of the inner and outer shells, with the latter being observed only in forbidden transitions, and the former in a mix of forbidden and allowed ones. Our analysis reveals that the outer shell has a geometry consistent with an arc-shaped structure that partially encircles the more spherical inner shell. Within the inner shell, clumpy structures start to be noticeable in the lines of Hα+[N II].
Conclusions. We have constrained the geometry of the outer shell to an arc-shaped structure, although the physical reason for its origin still eludes us. Further monitoring of the evolution of both shells of this object might help clarify the mechanism behind this unusual configuration.
Keeping loneliness on a short leash: Reducing university student stress and loneliness through a canine-assisted intervention
Authors: Binfet John-Tyler , Green Freya L.L. , Godard Rebecca J.P. , Szypula Madisyn M. , Willcox Amelia A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Despite often crowded campuses and the corresponding opportunities to meet new people, undergraduate students often experience high rates of loneliness as they adjust to life away from home and establish new social networks while adapting to the demands of university coursework. One low-cost intervention that has proven beneficial in reducing stress and overall well-being has seen therapy dog-handler teams brought to campus affording students an opportunity to interact with dogs. This study assessed the effects of spending time with dogs and their handlers on students’ self-reports of stress and loneliness using one-item visual analogue scales. Participants (
N
= 1006; 63% women, 40% first-year) interacted 32 minutes on average with the dog-handler teams and reported significant pre-to-post session reductions in stress and loneliness. Greater stress was associated with significantly greater loneliness at both pre- and post-interaction. Compared to domestic students, international students experienced slightly greater reductions in stress and moderately greater reductions in loneliness. Findings from our study suggest that creating opportunities for university students to interact with certified therapy dog-handler teams can be effective in reducing both stress and loneliness – the latter an understudied outcome variable in the field of canine-assisted interactions. The methodology of this study that saw participants determine the length of their visit combined with the findings attesting to therapy dogs reducing student loneliness can inform the broader contexts of human-animal interactions and the delivery of interventions in support of post-secondary student mental health.
“Can’t imagine having one without the other now”: Maternal perceptions of pets and attachment relationships in the perinatal period
Authors: Cyr Kathryn , Hawkins Roxanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Maternal mental wellbeing and secure attachment relationships are critical for an infant’s socioemotional and psychological development, with research focusing on environmental influences on these elements. Simultaneously, studies are probing how pets provide a bidirectional bond for owners across the lifespan. This article broadens the intersection of these fields by exploring how mothers perceive their own and their infants’ perinatal relationship with their pet. Applying thematic analysis to online survey responses, three themes were developed: (1) Manifestation & perception of changing attachments, (2) Caregiver prioritization, and (3) Patterns of potential baby-pet attachment. Findings indicate that the mother-pet relationship was unique to each individual, with some mothers reporting changing perinatal pet behaviors (e.g., increased closeness) that they interpreted as indicative of an attachment bond, and others (e.g., avoidance) being interpreted as making a bond less secure after birth. Mothers also reported that feelings of attachment were dependent on the extent to which they prioritized a pet. Finally, some mothers felt that observed interactions indicated an attachment-like bond between baby and pet. Additional research is needed to understand these relationships and changes, their implications for infant development, and how they may be used as a protective perinatal factor.
Spatially-distributed parameter identification by physics-informed neural networks illustrated on the 2D shallow-water equations
Authors: Boulenc Hugo , Bouclier Robin , Garambois Pierre-André , Monnier Jérôme 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent advancements in Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer promising opportunities for the identification of parameters of physical models based on ODEs and PDEs. This work revisits two representative PINN-based approaches for inverse problems, and applies them to fluid dynamics simulations. The first approach, here referred to as Fully-Parameterized PINN (FP-PINN), develops a parameter-differentiable surrogate model through an offline training phase, followed by a rapid online parameter identification phase. This method treats physical parameters as Neural Network (NN) inputs, making it prone to the curse of dimensionality. Conversely, the second approach, termed Semi-Parameterized PINN (SP-PINN), integrates physical parameters as NN parameters, allowing for efficient inference regardless of dimension using automatic differentiation. The performance of these two methods is first assessed through numerical experiments using an ODE-based model (the Backwater equation). Then, the SP-PINN is tested in a more representative scenario for identifying a

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-dimensional spatial friction parameter in a 2D Shallow-Water Equations model. Comparisons with the well-established and precision-validated Variational Data Assimilation method are performed. The latter, even based on the adjoint technique, remains computationally expensive for high-dimensional parameter identification and can be complex to implement. This work highlights the attractiveness of SP-PINN in terms of simplicity and efficiency, thus establishing this strategy as a complementary approach or even a compelling alternative in parameter identification of real-world flow models.