bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Therapy Enhances Parainfluenza Virus 3 Infection in Neonatal Lambs
Authors: Meyerholz David K. , Grubor Branka , Gallup Jack M. , Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Anderson Richard D. , Lazic Tatjana , Ackermann Mark R. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTParainfluenza viruses are a common cause of seasonal respiratory disease, but in high-risk individuals (e.g., young children) these viruses can cause severe clinical manifestations that require hospitalization. Beta-defensins are a subclass of antimicrobial peptides with antiviral activity. Use of adenovirus-mediated beta-defensin gene expression has been proposed as therapy for chronic bacterial infections commonly seen in cystic fibrosis patients; however, its use during parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) infection has not been evaluated. The hypothesis in this experiment was that adenovirus expression of human beta-defensin 6 (HBD6) would diminish concurrent PIV3 infection in neonatal lambs. The group infected with adenovirus HBD6 and PIV3 had increased levels of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment compared to those for the group infected with PIV3 or PIV3 and adenovirus, with an increased respiration rate and body temperature late in the course of the PIV3-adenovirus HBD6 infection. Interestingly, the adenovirus-treated groups had higher levels of immunohistochemical staining for PIV3 and syncytial cell formation than the group infected with PIV3, suggesting that treatment with the adenovirus vector, regardless of whether it was carrying a target gene, exacerbated the PIV3 infection. The levels of expression of mRNA for antimicrobial surfactant proteins A and D and sheep beta-defensin 1 were increased by PIV3 and adenovirus treatment, and the increased levels of expression roughly corresponded to the degree of inflammation. While pulmonary administration of a high-dose adenovirus vector has been associated with undesirable inflammation, this is the first study to show that it can exacerbate concurrent viral infection, a concern that needs to be addressed for future studies of adenovirus in the lung. Additionally, this study showed that adenovirus-mediated HBD6 expression increases neutrophil recruitment, a recently described attribute of beta-defensins, with mild accentuation of PIV3 activity and inflammation.
Pyrosequencing for Detection of Lamivudine-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Lindström Anna , Odeberg Jacob , Albert Jan 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause severe liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lamivudine is a relatively recent alternative to alpha interferon for the treatment of HBV infection, but unfortunately, resistance to lamivudine commonly develops during monotherapy. Lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants display specific mutations in the YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) motif of the viral polymerase (reverse transcriptase [rt]), which is the catalytic site of the enzyme, i.e., methionine 204 to isoleucine (rtM204I) or valine (rtM204V). The latter mutation is often accompanied by a compensatory leucine-to-methionine change at codon 180 (rtL180M). In the present study, a novel sequencing method, pyrosequencing, was applied to the detection of lamivudine resistance mutations and was compared with direct Sanger sequencing. The new pyrosequencing method had advantages in terms of throughput. Experiments with mixtures of wild-type and resistant viruses indicated that pyrosequencing can detect minor sequence variants in heterogeneous virus populations. The new pyrosequencing method was evaluated with a small number of patient samples, and the results showed that the method could be a useful tool for the detection of lamivudine resistance in the clinical setting.
Survival of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Isolates of Different Auxotypes in Six Commercial Transport Systems
Authors: Graver M. A. , Wade J. J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We determined the rates of survival of six clinical and two control strains of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in six commercial transport systems, using NCCLS standard M40-A methodology. Differences in strain recovery and system performance were marked. A strain less robust than the recommended ATCC 43069 would provide a more exacting standard.
Use of Lung Resection and Voriconazole for Successful Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary
Aspergillus ustus
Infection
Authors: Azzola A. , Passweg J. R. , Habicht J. M. , Bubendorf L. , Tamm M. , Gratwohl A. , Eich G. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a common infection in neutropenic patients and is associated with high mortality.
Aspergillus ustus
is a species that has only rarely been implicated in human disease. All reported cases of IPA due to
A. ustus
have been fatal. Here, we describe a case of invasive pulmonary
A. ustus
infection successfully treated with lung resection and voriconazole. A 43-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia underwent two courses of chemotherapy and experienced prolonged neutropenia. Treatment with amphotericin B was given for persistent fever. While he was receiving amphotericin B, a progressive opacity developed in the upper right lobe. Lung tissue obtained through pulmonary wedge resection for histology showed a mold with septate hyphae, consistent with IPA due to
Aspergillus. A. ustus
was grown in culture. The patient was then treated with voriconazole and remained in remission of the mold infection in spite of additional chemotherapy and a leukemic relapse. In summary, this report describes the successful treatment of invasive pulmonary
A. ustus
infection by lung resection and antifungal treatment with voriconazole in a neutropenic patient.
Isolation of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia colifrom a South American Camelid (Lama guanicoe) with Diarrhea
Authors: Mercado E. C. , Rodríguez S. M. , Elizondo A. M. , Marcoppido G. , Parreño V. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTShiga toxin-producingEscherichia colibelonging to serotype O26:H11 was isolated from a 2-month-old guanaco with severe watery diarrhea.E. colicolonies carried thestx1andeaegenes, showed localized adherence to HEp-2 cells, and produced enterohemolysin. A serological response to lipopolysaccharide O26 was observed at the onset of diarrhea.
Comparison of an Immunochromatography Test with Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR for Rapid Diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Authors: Kuroiwa Yuki , Nagai Kazushige , Okita Lisa , Ukae Susumu , Mori Toshihiko , Hotsubo Tomoyuki , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT
A new commercial rapid 10-min one-step immunochromatography (IC) test, SAS RSV test, was compared to another IC test, Directigen EZ RSV, employing RT-PCR as the “gold standard” for detecting respiratory syncytial virus. Of 102 clinical samples, 79 were positive by RT-PCR, 66 (82.5%) were positive with the SAS RSV test, and 55 (69.6%) were positive with Directigen EZ RSV. The specificity of the new test was 91.3% (21 of 23), similar to that of Directigen EZ RSV (100% [23 of 23]). This test performs well enough to be used for patient care.
Diagnostic Value of Reverse Transcription-PCR of Amniotic Fluid for Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Rubella Infection in Pregnant Women with Confirmed Primary Rubella Infection
Authors: Macé Muriel , Cointe Denis , Six Caroline , Levy-Bruhl Daniel , Parent du Châtelet Isabelle , Ingrand Didier , Grangeot-Keros Liliane 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT
The diagnostic value of RT-PCR of amniotic fluid (AF) for prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella virus infection in 45 pregnant women with confirmed primary infection was assessed. Specificity of RT-PCR was 100% and sensitivity ranged between 83 and 95%.
Rapid and Economical Method for Biochemical Screening of Stool Isolates for
Salmonella
and
Shigella
Species
Authors: Wilson G. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

The LOUIS test is a screening protocol for
Salmonella
and
Shigella
that uses rapid enzyme tests. It had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% and achieved presumptive reporting of
Salmonella
3 h after colony isolation with savings of time and money compared to commercial identification systems.
First Case of
Arthrographis kalrae
Ethmoid Sinusitis and Ophthalmitis in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Xi Liyan , Fukushima Kazutaka , Lu Changming , Takizawa Kayoko , Liao Ruiduan , Nishimura Kazuko 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We present here the first case in the People's Republic of China of human disease caused by the fungus
Arthrographis kalrae
. The male patient had fungal panophthalmitis and invasive sinusitis involving the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. He was an apparently healthy man before receiving trauma to his left eye. He complained of pain and loss of visual acuity in the injured eye, which displayed redness and edema and eventually discharged pus. His symptoms became more severe after he was treated with steroids and several antibacterial agents. A computed tomography scan of the left eye revealed that the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were involved. A smear of purulent material from the left eye orbit revealed fungal elements, and cultures of the material grew a fungus. The isolate was identified as
A. kalrae
based on gross and microscopic morphologies, biochemical assays, and DNA sequence analysis. The patient received amphotericin B intravenously, itraconazole orally, and atomized allitridum by nebulizing allitridum therapy. The patient's wound healed following surgical intervention, but the patient lost the use of his left eye. This case should remind ophthalmologists and other clinicians to consider the possibility of infections being fungal when antibacterial agents have no effect and the patient's condition worsens.
Universal High-Level Primary Metronidazole Resistance in
Helicobacter pylori
Isolated from Children in Egypt
Authors: Sherif May , Mohran Zaynab , Fathy Hanan , Rockabrand David M. , Rozmajzl Patrick J. , Frenck Robert W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 48 isolates of
Helicobacter pylori
recovered from Egyptian children undergoing routine endoscopies. The isolates were universally highly resistant to metronidazole, but resistance to other tested antimicrobial agents was rare (4% for clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin resistance versus 2% for ciprofloxacin and ampicillin resistance). Use of metronidazole for the treatment of
H. pylori
in Egypt should be avoided.
Clinical Benefit of Recovering Dermatophytes from Skin Swabs Sent for Bacterial Culture
Authors: Mabbott Gillian , Smith Jocelyn , Morris Arthur J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT
We incubated Sabouraud dextrose agar plates to recover dermatophytes from skin swabs sent for bacterial culture. Dermatophytes were recovered from 66 (0.3%) of 22,613 cultures. Twenty-one patients received specific antifungal treatment when their dermatophyte was reported. Most clinicians thought recovering and reporting the dermatophyte contributed to patient management.
Sequence-Based Typing of
flaB
Is a More Stable Screening Tool Than Typing of
flaA
for Monitoring of
Campylobacter
Populations
Authors: Mellmann Alexander , Mosters Jan , Bartelt Edda , Roggentin Peter , Ammon Andrea , Friedrich Alexander W. , Karch Helge , Harmsen Dag 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Different typing schemes for
Campylobacter
spp. were evaluated with 70 outbreak and sporadic isolates. The discriminatory indexes were 0.944 (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis), 0.920 (by genotyping of the flagellin A gene), 0.902 (by genotyping of
flaB
), and 0.886 (by multilocus sequence typing). Cross-classification gave 94.77 or 95.82% (PFGE-
flaA
or PFGE-
flaB
) concordance.
flaA
was overdiscriminatory in three cases, most probably due to intragenomic recombination.
Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Subtyping of Multiresistant
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium DT104
Authors: Lawson Andrew J. , Stanley John , Threlfall E. John , Desai Meeta 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) subtyping analysis was used to genotype multiresistant
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104. Thirteen distinct FAFLP profiles were found among 85 isolates exhibiting identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. A single FAFLP profile was shared by 93% of outbreak-associated isolates and 82% of sporadic isolates. This study demonstrates the value of FAFLP as a high-resolution tool for epidemiological investigation of
Salmonella
.
icaA
Is Not a Useful Diagnostic Marker for Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Frank Kristi L. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Patel Robin 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

A collection of 99 staphylococcal isolates associated with prosthetic joint infection and 23 coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from noninfected arthroplasty-associated specimens were screened in order to determine whether the presence of
icaA
could be used to distinguish between pathogens and nonpathogens. All
Staphylococcus aureus
prosthetic joint infection isolates (
n
= 55) were
icaA
positive. A total of 46% (20 out of 44) of coagulase-negative staphylococcal prosthetic joint infection isolates were
icaA
positive, and 30% (7 out of 23) of arthroplasty-associated non-prosthetic joint infection-associated coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates were
icaA
positive (
P
= 0.23). Certain coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus
species appeared more likely to be isolated as either arthroplasty-associated non-prosthetic joint infection-associated isolates (e.g.,
Staphylococcus warneri
and
Staphylococcus hominis
) or pathogens (e.g.,
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
). The presence of
icaA
in a coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolate associated with an arthroplasty is not a useful diagnostic indicator of pathogenicity.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of
Helicobacter pylori
Strains Isolated in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Khan Rasel , Ahmad Mian Mashhud , Datta Simanti , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Dhar Swapan Chandra , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Engstrand Lars , Berg Douglas E. , Nair G. Balakrish , Rahman Motiur 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 120
Helicobacter pylori
isolates to metronidazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin was determined, and 77.5, 15, 10, and 6.6% of the isolates, respectively, were resistant. Only
rdxA
inactivation and both
rdxA
and
frxA
inactivation were responsible for metronidazole resistance in 66% (8 of 12) and 33% (4 of 12) of the isolates, respectively.
Comparative Analysis of the Schleicher and Schuell IsoCode Stix DNA Isolation Device and the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Mini Kit
Authors: Coyne Susan R. , Craw Philip D. , Norwood David A. , Ulrich Melanie P. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Efficient, rapid, and reproducible procedures for isolating high-quality DNA before PCR gene amplification are essential for the diagnostic and molecular identification of pathogenic bacteria. This study evaluated the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and the Schleicher and Schuell IsoCode Stix DNA isolation device for isolating nucleic acid. Buffer, serum, and whole-blood samples were spiked with
Bacillus anthracis
Sterne vegetative cells and
Yersinia pestis
, while water was spiked with
B. anthracis
Sterne spores. Although minimal variations in limit of detection occurred among matrices, both the IsoCode Stix extraction method and the Qiagen procedure have comparable detection limits.
Performance of the TechLab
C. DIFF
CHEK-60 Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) in Combination with the
C. difficile
Tox A/B II EIA Kit, the Triage
C. difficile
Panel Immunoassay, and a Cytotoxin Assay for Diagnosis of
Clostridium difficile
-Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Snell Heather , Ramos Meredith , Longo Sue , John Michael , Hussain Zafar 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We compared a recently marketed enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), TechLab's
C. DIFF
CHEK-60 (TL-GDH), in combination with the
C. difficile
Tox A/B II enzyme immunoassay (Tox-A/B) with (i) the Triage
C. difficile
test, which detects both GDH (TR-GDH) and toxin A (TR-Tox-A); (ii) an in-house cytotoxin assay (C-Tox); and (iii) stool cultures for
C. difficile
. All
C. difficile
isolates were tested for the presence of the toxin genes by PCR. If a toxin gene-positive strain of
Clostridium difficile
was recovered and a toxin was detected by any method, the result was considered to be truly positive. Eighty-seven of 93 and 79 of 93
C. difficile
culture-positive samples were also TL-GDH and TR-GDH positive, respectively. No test was able to detect toxin in all samples with true-positive results. Tox-A/B and TR-Tox-A in combination with the GDH detection tests and C-Tox were able to identify 52 and 50 samples with true-positive results. Tox-A/B and TR-Tox-A would have missed 15 and 31% of cases of
C. difficile
-associated diarrhea, respectively, if used alone.
Pooling of Clinical Specimens Prior to Testing for
Chlamydia trachomatis
by PCR Is Accurate and Cost Saving
Authors: Currie Marian J. , McNiven Michelle , Yee Tracey , Schiemer Ursula , Bowden Francis J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

The accuracy and cost savings of pooling specimens prior to testing for
Chlamydia trachomatis
by PCR were evaluated with genital and urine specimens (
n
= 2,600). There was a 60% reduction in tests without significant loss of accuracy. The efficiency of pooling vaginal swabs is demonstrated for the first time.
Association between Phospholipase Production byMalassezia pachydermatisand Skin Lesions
Authors: Cafarchia C. , Otranto D. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTAn evaluation was made of the phospholipase activities ofMalassezia pachydermatisstrains isolated from healthy dogs versus those from dogs with dermatitis and otitis. A high percentage of strains ofM. pachydermatisobtained from lesion sites (93.9%) produced phospholipase, compared to the strains obtained from healthy skin of the same dog with localized lesions (41.4%) and healthy dogs (10.6%).
Antigen Assay with the Potential To Aid in Diagnosis of Blastomycosis
Authors: Durkin Michelle , Witt John , LeMonte Ann , Wheat Blair , Connolly Patricia 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We report results of an immunoassay for
Blastomyces dermatitidis
antigenuria. Sensitivity was 92.9%, and specificity was 79.3%. Cross-reactions occurred in 96.3% of patients with histoplasmosis, 100% of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, 70% of patients with penicilliosis marneffei, 2.9% of patients with cryptococcosis, and 1.1% of patients with aspergillosis. Reproducibility was 96.3%. These findings support a potential role for antigen testing in blastomycosis.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the rRNA Operon and Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeats in the Lipoprotein Gene among
Mycoplasma genitalium
Strains from Clinical Specimens
Authors: Ma Liang , Martin David H. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We characterized the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rRNA operon and variable numbers of tandem repeats in the lipoprotein gene MG309 among
Mycoplasma genitalium
strains from clinical specimens by PCR and sequencing. Analysis of 31
M. genitalium
-infected patient specimens and 7 American Type Culture Collection strains identified six types of rRNA sequences and 11 different numbers of MG309 repeats. Examination of sequential specimens from 10 patients showed that these genotypes were stable for at least 5 weeks. These data suggest the potential usefulness of the rRNA genotypes and the MG309 repeats for genotyping of
M. genitalium
.
Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Polymorphism among Brazilian
Enterococcus faecalis
Strains
Authors: Titze-de-Almeida Ricardo , Willems Rob J. L. , Top Janetta , Pereira Rodrigues Isabela , Fonseca Ferreira Renato , Boelens Hélène , Brandileone Maria Christina C. , Zanella Rosemeire C. , Soares Felipe Maria Sueli , van Belkum Alex 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) for seven genomic loci was developed for
Enterococcus faecalis
. MLVA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) resulted in 37 and 31 genotypes among 83 strains, respectively. Both typing schemes were highly concordant (90.4%). MLVA is an excellent alternative to PFGE.
Pediatric Infection Due to Multiresistant
Salmonella enterica
Serotype Infantis in Honduras
Authors: Liebana Ernesto , Batchelor Miranda , Torres Carmen , Briñas Laura , Lagos Luis A. , Abdalhamid Baha , Hanson Nancy D. , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a pediatric patient with a
Salmonella enterica
serotype Infantis infection. Detailed microbiological investigation revealed that this isolate carries four β-lactamase genes (
bla
TEM-1b
variant,
bla
SHV-5
,
bla
CTX-M-15
, and
bla
CMY
-
2
) conferring resistance to all β-lactams but imipenem. This is the first report of a
Salmonella
isolate with CTX-M and AmpC enzymes on the American continent, the first report of
bla
CMY-2
in
Salmonella
serotype Infantis, and the first report of
bla
CTX-M-15
in the genus
Salmonella
.
Culture-Negative Neonatal Meningitis and Endocarditis Caused by
Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Nègre Valérie Lefranc , Colin-Gorski Anne-Marie , Magnier Suzel , Maisonneuve Lydia , Aujard Yannick , Bingen Edouard , Bonacorsi Stéphane 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We describe a case of culture-negative meningitis and endocarditis caused by
Streptococcus agalactiae
in a 27-day-old boy.
S. agalactiae
was detected in cerebrospinal fluid and serum by broad-spectrum PCR amplification.
Rothia dentocariosa
Septicemia without Endocarditis in a Neonatal Infant with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Shin Jeong Hwan , Shim Jae Dong , Kim Hye Ran , Sinn Jong Beom , Kook Joong-Ki , Lee Jeong Nyeo 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

Rothia dentocariosa
, a gram-positive coccoid- to rod-shaped bacterium with irregular morphology, is a rare cause of bacteremia in patients without endocarditis. We report the first case of
R. dentocariosa
septicemia without endocarditis, which occurred in a neonatal infant with meconium aspiration syndrome.
Mitral Bioprosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by an Unusual Microorganism,
Gemella morbillorum
, in an Intravenous Drug User
Authors: Zakir Ramzan M. , Al-Dehneh Anthony , Dabu Leticia , Kapila Raj , Saric Muhamed 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We report a case of
Gemella morbillorum
mitral bioprosthetic valve endocarditis with perivalvular extension in a 44-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive man who is an active intravenous drug user together with review of all published cases. This is only the second reported case of
Gemella morbillorum
endocarditis in a patient with a prosthetic valve.
Gemella bergeriae
Endocarditis Diagnosed by Sequencing of rRNA Genes in Heart Valve Tissue
Authors: Elsayed Sameer , Zhang Kunyan 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT

We describe a case of
Gemella bergeriae
endocarditis in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve. Diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in heart valve tissue. This is the first report of
Gemella
endocarditis confirmed by molecular detection of bacterial genes in heart valve tissue.