bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcyonidium kuklinskii sp. nov., a new species of Antarctic ctenostome bryozoan with a key to all Antarctic species of the genus
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Cometti Valentina , Saadi Ahmed J. , Cecchetto Matteo , Schiaparelli Stefano 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent surveys of Antarctic waters in the Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) revealed numerous bryozoan species including ctenostome bryozoans. Whereas cheilostome bryozoans are well-studied in these latitudes, ctenostomes remain highly neglected. Large ctenostomes are easily recognized by their lack of calcified skeletons, but this lack also renders them difficult and tedious to identify. As a result, histology and reconstructions of internal soft tissues are required to classify this group of bryozoans. Thanks to the availability of new specimens from Terra Nova Bay, a detailed analysis of growth form, gut morphology and tentacle number of two colonies, initially ascribed to the ctenostome bryozoan genus Alcyonidum Lamouroux, 1813, turned out to be a new species, Alcyonidium kuklinskii sp. nov., which we described in this study. These specimens were also barcoded (COI) and sequences compared to available ones. Together with the new species described here, a total of ten species of Alcyonidium is now known for the Southern Ocean, accounting for one eighth of the entire genus diversity. All Southern Ocean species appear to be endemic. In order to speed the identification of the Antarctic Alcyonidium species, we provide an identification key and a distribution map of all type species. In brief, colony morphology, zooidal size and, in particular tentacle number represent the most suitable characters for identifying species within this genus.
Population of invasive group A streptococci isolates from a German tertiary care center is dominated by the hypertoxigenic virulent M1UK genotype
Authors: Wolters Manuel , Berinson Benjamin , Degel-Brossmann Nicole , Hoffmann Armin , Bluszis Rico , Aepfelbacher Martin , Rohde Holger , Christner Martin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hypertoxigenic Streptococcus pyogenes emm1 lineage M1UK has recently been associated with upsurges of invasive infections and scarlet fever in several countries, but whole-genome sequencing surveillance data of lineages circulating in Germany is lacking. In this study, we investigated recent iGAS isolates from our laboratory at a German tertiary care center for the presence of the M1UK lineage.

Methods
Whole-genome sequencing was employed to characterize a collection of 47 consecutive non-copy isolates recovered from blood cultures (21) and tissue samples (26) in our laboratory between October 2022 and April 2023.

Results
M protein gene (emm) typing distinguished 14 different emm types, with emm1 (17) being the dominant type. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis confirmed the presence of all 27 SNPs characteristic for the M1UK lineage in 14 of 17 emm1 isolates.

Conclusion
This study has shown for the first time that M1UK is present in Germany and might constitute a driving force in the observed surge of GAS infections. This observation mirrors developments in the UK and other countries and underscores the importance of WGS surveillance to understand the epidemiology of GAS.
The Association Between Pregnancy Complications and Subsequent Interpregnancy Interval: a Nationwide Register-Based Quantile Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Vaajala Matias , Tarkiainen Jeremias , Mattila Ville M. , Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is a limited number of studies examining the influence of birth complications on the length of the subsequent interpregnancy interval (IPI). This study aimed to study the association between different pregnancy complications at first pregnancy and subsequent IPI. All women with their first and second pregnancies were gathered from the National Medical Birth Register for years 2004–2018. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the pregnancy complication (gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes (GDM), preterm birth, perinatal mortality, shoulder dystocia) in the first pregnancy and subsequent length of the IPI. IPIs with a length in the lower quartal were considered short IPIs, and length in the upper quartal as long IPIs. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CIs were compared between the groups. A total of 52,709 women with short IPI, 105,604 women with normal IPI, and 52,889 women with long IPI were included. Women with gestational hypertension had higher odds for long IPI (aOR 1.12, CI 1.06–1.19), GDM had higher odds for short IPI (aOR 1.09, CI 1.09–1.13), preterm delivery had higher odds for short and long IPI (aOR 1.12, CI 1.07–1.17 for both), and perinatal mortality had higher odds for short IPI (aOR 8.05, CI 6.97–9.32) and lower odds for long IPI (aOR 1.13, CI 0.93–1.38). Women with gestational hypertension and preterm birth had higher odds for long IPI, and women with diagnosed GDM and perinatal mortality had higher odds for short IPI. We found no evidence of a difference in the length of the IPI for women with shoulder dystocia. More research on the reasons behind the subsequent long and short IPI is warranted.
Forming the Future of Agrohydrology
Authors: Smidt S. J. , Haacker E. M. K. , Bai X. , Cherkauer K. , Choat B. , Crompton O. , Deines J. M. , Groh J. , Guzmán S. M. , Hartman S. , Kendall A. D. , Safeeq M. , Kustas W. , McGill B. M. , Nocco M. A. , Pensky J. , Rapp J. , Schreiner‐Mcgraw A. , Sprenger M. , Wan L. , Weldegebriel L. , Zipper S. , Zoccatelli D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAgricultural water management is increasingly prioritized throughout the world as producers are tasked with meeting growing crop demand while also managing environmental resources more sustainably. Likewise, agriculture is increasingly modifying the terrestrial water cycle. In response to these dynamics, the informal research discipline of agrohydrology continues to grow, fueled by a new era of rapidly evolving research tools and big data availability. While many researchers are actively invested in agrohydrology as a research topic, there remains a gap in formalizing this valuable discipline. This article aims to: (a) identify key research themes in agrohydrology, (b) conceptualize future research topics within each theme, and (c) estimate a timeframe before topics become pressing (i.e., before a topic becomes a limiting factor in advancing water management in an agricultural context). This commentary is meant to guide the trajectory of an evolving discipline of agrohydrology, the practice of agricultural water management at multiple nested scales, and the conversation of the invested public.
Dust Under the Radar: Rethinking How to Evaluate the Impacts of Dust Events on Air Quality in the United States
Authors: Ardon‐Dryer K. , Clifford K. R. , Hand J. L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDust is an important and complex constituent of the atmospheric system, having significant impacts on the environment, climate, air quality, and human health. Although dust events are common across many regions of the United States, their impacts are not often prioritized in air quality mitigation strategies. We argue that there are at least three factors that result in underestimation of the social and environmental impact of dust events, making them receive less attention. These include (a) sparse monitoring stations with irregular spatial distribution in dust‐influenced regions, (b) inconsistency with dust sampling methods, and (c) sampling frequency and schedules, which can lead to missed dust events or underestimation of dust particle concentrations. Without addressing these three factors, it is challenging to characterize and understand the full air quality impacts of dust events in the United States. This paper highlights the need for additional monitoring to measure these events so that we can more fully evaluate and understand their impacts, as they are predicted to increase with climate change.
The (In)sensitivity of Granular Creep to Materials and Boundaries
Authors: Deshpande Nakul S. , Arratia Paulo E. , Jerolmack Douglas J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoils around the planet creep, despite wide variations in particle properties and environments. This sub‐yield “flow” of soil interacts with a variety of boundaries, in terms of geometry and friction. Here we explore the veracity of recent observations of undisturbed, gravity‐driven creep, by testing a suite of materials and boundary configurations in an experimental hillslope. Using an optical interferometry technique, we demonstrate that creep is a generic relaxation process whose qualitative dynamics are insensitive to grain properties. Velocity profiles are exponential, albeit with a defect near the no‐slip boundary. Quantitative patterns such as spatial variability and magnitude of strain rates, however, are exquisitely sensitive to the details of the experiment. The emerging picture is that creep is accomplished by localized plastic failure, which induces an elastic redistribution. Similar patterns have been observed in model glasses and on earthquake faults, indicating that sub‐yield relaxation in disordered materials may share common physics.
Lithospheric Sill Intrusions and Present‐Day Ground Deformation at Rhenish Massif, Central Europe
Authors: Silverii F. , Mantiloni L. , Rivalta E. , Dahm T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Rhenish Massif in Central Europe, which includes the Eifel Volcanic Fields, has shown ongoing ground deformation and signs of possible unrest. A buoyant plume exerting uplift forces at the bottom of the lithosphere was proposed to explain such deformation; the hypothesis of (possibly concurrent) melt accumulation in the crust/lithospheric mantle has not been explored yet. Here, we test deformation models in an elastic half‐space considering sources of varying aspect ratio, size and depth. We explore the effects of data coverage, noise and uncertainty on the inferred source parameters. We find that the observed deformation would require melt accumulation in sub‐horizontal sill‐like structures expanding at the rate of up to ∼0.045 km3/yr. We discuss feasibility, limitations and possible interpretations of our resulting models and elaborate on further observations which may help constrain the structure of the Rhenish Massif magmatic system.
Recent Multi‐Decadal Southern Ocean Surface Cooling Unlikely Caused by Southern Annular Mode Trends
Authors: Dong Yue , Polvani Lorenzo M. , Bonan David B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver recent decades, the Southern Ocean (SO) has experienced multi‐decadal surface cooling despite global warming. Earlier studies have proposed that recent SO cooling has been caused by the strengthening of surface westerlies associated with a positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) forced by ozone depletion. Here we revisit this hypothesis by examining the relationships between the SAM, zonal winds and SO sea‐surface temperature (SST). Applying a low‐frequency component analysis to observations, we show that while positive SAM anomalies can induce SST cooling as previously found, this seasonal‐to‐interannual modulation makes only a small contribution to the observed long‐term SO cooling. Global climate models well capture the observed interannual SAM‐SST relationship, and yet generally fail to simulate the observed multi‐decadal SO cooling. The forced SAM trend in recent decades is thus unlikely the main cause of the observed SO cooling, pointing to a limited role of the Antarctic ozone hole.
Real‐Time Fault Tracking and Ground Motion Prediction for Large Earthquakes With HR‐GNSS and Deep Learning
Authors: Lin Jiun‐Ting , Melgar Diego , Sahakian Valerie J. , Thomas Amanda M. , Searcy Jacob 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEarthquake early warning (EEW) systems aim to forecast the shaking intensity rapidly after an earthquake occurs and send warnings to affected areas before the onset of strong shaking. The system relies on rapid and accurate estimation of earthquake source parameters. However, it is known that source estimation for large ruptures in real‐time is challenging, and it often leads to magnitude underestimation. In a previous study, we showed that machine learning, HR‐GNSS, and realistic rupture synthetics can be used to reliably predict earthquake magnitude. This model, called Machine‐Learning Assessed Rapid Geodetic Earthquake model (M‐LARGE), can rapidly forecast large earthquake magnitudes with an accuracy of 99%. Here, we expand M‐LARGE to predict centroid location and fault size, enabling the construction of the fault rupture extent for forecasting shaking intensity using existing ground motion models. We test our model in the Chilean Subduction Zone with thousands of simulated and five real large earthquakes. The result achieves an average warning time of 40.5 s for shaking intensity MMI4+, surpassing the 34 s obtained by a similar GNSS EEW model. Our approach addresses a critical gap in existing EEW systems for large earthquakes by demonstrating real‐time fault tracking feasibility without saturation issues. This capability leads to timely and accurate ground motion forecasts and can support other methods, enhancing the overall effectiveness of EEW systems. Additionally, the ability to predict source parameters for real Chilean earthquakes implies that synthetic data, governed by our understanding of earthquake scaling, is consistent with the actual rupture processes.
Impact of Water Mass Mixing on the Composition and Mineralization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Deep Labrador Sea
Authors: Djenad S.‐A. , Guéguen C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Labrador Sea is a region of the North Atlantic known for its strong ocean currents and deep water formation, which contribute to the transport and mixing of water masses throughout the region. The absorbing and fluorescing properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were assessed to track the water masses and the in situ production in the Labrador Sea (>200 m). No significant differences in DOM composition were found in the mesopelagic waters (200–1,000 m). In the bathypelagic waters (1,000–4,000 m), the estimated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved lignin concentrations, as well as humic‐like fluorescence intensities, allowed the discrimination of North East Atlantic Deep Water versus Denmark Strait overflow water. The humic‐like intensities were significantly different between upper Labrador Sea water (uLSW) and deep LSW (dLSW) suggesting their applications as tracers of deep winter mixing. The significant correlations with apparent oxygen utilization support the in situ production of humic‐like fluorescence and the net microbial consumption of DOC and lignin in the dark Labrador Sea. We also demonstrated that microbial activities play a role in the production of humic‐like compounds in the dLSW that experiences deep convection mixing.
Merging Process of the Great Whirl and the Socotra Gyre in 2019
Authors: Dai Lingxing , Jiang Xingwei , Xia Yifan , Wang Minyang , Tang Shilin , Du Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Great Whirl (GW) and the Socotra Gyre (SoG), two prominent anticyclonic eddies in the western Arabian Sea, exhibit strong dynamic interactions. This study reports a case of the merging of the GW and the SoG recorded by Argo floats in September 2019. Combined with satellite observations and a state‐of‐the‐art ocean reanalysis, we show that the merging process was first detected at the subsurface layer (∼150 m depth) rather than the surface. As the original water inside the GW is cooler than the SoG, the merging created a baroclinic structure between the eddies. The density gradients associated with the baroclinic structure drive strong subsurface geostrophic currents following the thermal wind relationship, leading to the fast merging at 100–200 m depth. Energy analysis shows that the predominant energy source for the merged eddy was the barotropic and baroclinic instability. The dissipative processes caused the rapid decay of the merged eddy. The merging process induced submesoscale activities and promoted ocean vertical exchanges south of Socotra Island.
Methylphosphonate Is Utilized by Commensal Microbiota of Macroalgae in the Oligotrophic Sargasso Sea
Authors: Cox D. D. , Parsons R. J. , Van Mooy B. A. S. , Valentine D. L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe essential nutrient phosphorus is biologically scarce in the Sargasso Sea, yet the pelagic macroalgae Sargassum, for which this area of the North Atlantic Ocean is named, thrives. We tested the hypothesis that Sargassum holobionts utilize methylphosphonate (MPn) as an alternative source of phosphorus, finding lysis liberated phosphonate‐derived methane. The observed activity occurred at concentrations as low as 35 nM MPn and was inhibited by antibiotics, implicating bacterial epibionts of the holobiont capable of MPn lysis at realistic environmental concentrations. Dark incubations resulted in diminished methane production, consistent with commensalism between microbe and host. A survey of macroalgal species inhabiting the Sargasso Sea found ubiquitous capacity for MPn lysis; such capacity was absent in species inhabiting phosphorus‐replete waters of the California Current, pointing to phosphorous limitation as a selective pressure. These results suggest that bacterial epibionts of algal communities acquire phosphorus from phosphonates while simultaneously serving as a source of atmospheric methane.
Estimation of Lightning Flash Rate in Precipitation Features by Applying Shallow AI Neural Network Models to the GMI Passive Microwave Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Morvais Florian , Liu Chuntao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe satellite‐constellation passive‐microwave Brightness Temperature (TB) observations, with global coverage, and more additions from upcoming CubeSats, have been mainly used in surface precipitation retrievals. However, these observations can also be used to indicate the intensity of convective systems. This study attempts to relate Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) TBs to Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) lightning flashes by using 4 years (02/2018–04/2022) of GPM Precipitation Feature (PF) database. GMI TBs are collocated to the GLM lightning counts, and to the ERA5 reanalysis 2‐m air temperature in PFs. Three Artificial Intelligent Neural Network Models (AI‐NN) are trained to classify PFs producing lightning in a 20‐min window respectively for land, ocean, or coast. The flash rate of the determined Lightning producing PFs (LPFs) is then quantified by three other AI‐NNs, each trained for one of the three regions. Though the models clearly capture the global geographical distribution of LPFs with a Probability Of Detection over 90%, high False Alarm Rates are found, ranging from 49.9% over land to 91.5% over the ocean. The importance of TB at each passive microwave channel varies regionally, corresponding to the different microphysical properties in various types of precipitation systems. The global lightning distribution is derived by applying the AI models to global PFs and is well compared to the lightning climatology from Lightning Imaging Sensor and Optical Transient Detector. This suggests that the use of passive microwave TBs can help to fill the gaps in lightning monitoring thanks to their global coverage.
An Empirical Model of Ionospheric Total Electron Content Based on Tide‐Like Signature Modeling
Authors: Ruan Haibing , Lei Jiuhou , Lu Jianyong , Tang Fen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccurate modeling of the total electron content (TEC) benefits scientific research and practical application. In this study, the global ionospheric maps from the Center for Orbit Determination of Europe (CODE) covering the years 2000–2021 are utilized to develop an empirical model of TEC by superposing the tide‐like components in the ionosphere. The tide‐like components, including the migrating and non‐migrating ones, are first derived from the daily CODE TEC data. Then, the sine and cosine components of a tide‐like signature are separately decomposed into the basic modes as a function of the modified inclination latitude with the principle component analysis, and the temporal evolution is regressed to the solar radiation dependence and interannual variation. As such, the climatological behavior of tidal amplitudes and phases could be well parameterized, and the developed model is capable of reproducing the global TEC patterns. The modeled TEC agrees well with the CODE input data with zero systematic error and a low root mean square error of 3.849 TECu, demonstrating a good model performance. This developed model, associated with the parametric tide‐like signatures, could serve as a background for future investigations of the ionospheric responses to the forcing from below or above.
Prediction of Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Based on SAM‐ConvLSTM Model
Authors: Luo Hanze , Gong Yingkui , Chen Si , Yu Cheng , Yang Guang , Yu Fengzheng , Hu Ziyue , Tian Xiangwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper first applies a prediction model based on self‐attention memory ConvLSTM (SAM‐ConvLSTM) to predict the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps with up to 1 day of lead time. We choose the global ionospheric TEC maps released by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) as the training data set covering the period from 1999 to 2022. Besides that, we put several space environment data as additional multivariate‐features into the framework of the prediction model to enhance its forecasting ability. In order to confirm the efficiency of the proposed model, the other two prediction models based on convolutional long short‐term memory (LSTM) are used for comparison. The three models are trained and evaluated on the same data set. Results show that the proposed SAM‐ConvLSTM prediction model performs more accurately than the other two models, and more stably under space weather events. In order to assess the generalization capabilities of the proposed model amidst severe space weather occurrences, we selected the period of 22–25 April 2023, characterized by a potent geomagnetic storm, for experimental validation. Subsequently, we employed the 1‐day predicted global TEC products from the Center for Operational Products and Services (COPG) and the SAM‐ConvLSTM model to evaluate their respective forecasting prowess. The results show that the SAM‐ConvLSTM prediction model achieves lower prediction error. In one word, the ionospheric TEC prediction model proposed in this paper can establish the ionosphere TEC of spatio‐temporal data association for a long time, and realize high precision of prediction performance.
Excess PrPC inhibits muscle cell differentiation via miRNA-enhanced liquid–liquid phase separation implicated in myopathy
Authors: Tao Jing , Zeng Yanping , Dai Bin , Liu Yin , Pan Xiaohan , Wang Li-Qiang , Chen Jie , Zhou Yu , Lu Zuneng , Xie Liwei , Liang Yi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cellular prion protein (PrPC) is required for skeletal muscle function. Here, we report that a higher level of PrPC accumulates in the cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle of six myopathy patients compared to controls. PrPC inhibits skeletal muscle cell autophagy, and blocks myoblast differentiation. PrPC selectively binds to a subset of miRNAs during myoblast differentiation, and the colocalization of PrPC and miR-214-3p was observed in the skeletal muscle of six myopathy patients with excessive PrPC. We demonstrate that PrPC is overexpressed in skeletal muscle cells under pathological conditions, inhibits muscle cell differentiation by physically interacting with a subset of miRNAs, and selectively recruits these miRNAs into its phase-separated condensate in living myoblasts, which in turn enhances liquid–liquid phase separation of PrPC, promotes pathological aggregation of PrP, and results in the inhibition of autophagy-related protein 5-dependent autophagy and muscle bundle formation in myopathy patients characterized by incomplete muscle regeneration.