bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a radiated‐mode multislot leaky coaxial cable
Authors: Ahn Chi‐Hyung , Yi Dong‐Woo , Park Wee Sang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a closed‐form equation and a novel design procedure for suppressing the space harmonics and coupling loss of a radiated‐mode leaky coaxial cable (LCX). The LCX with periodic principal slots is analyzed using Floquet theory, and its radiation usually contains higher radiation harmonics that may cause an uneven coupling loss. A closed‐form equation is derived to determine the orders of the harmonics being suppressed. Consideration of the resonant points makes it possible to choose the operating‐frequency range of the antenna from the passband region, where the level of the resonant points is low. The proposed design procedure, which leads to the suppression of the higher radiation harmonics and longitudinal loss, features the use of additional slots with unequal pitches. A sample LCX antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested at 1800 MHz using the proposed procedure. The measurement results for the coupling loss agree well with the simulation results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 338–342, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20817
Analytical study of printed dipoles with closed‐form impedance formulas
Authors: Kazemipour Alireza , Begaud Xavier 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPrinted dipoles are studied analytically and simple closed‐form formulas for the real and imaginary impedances are presented. The formulas explain the printed‐dipole impedance as a function of the substrate thickness and permitivity. The analytical results show good agreement with the numerical and experimental ones. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 345–347, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20819
Isolation between GSM/DCS and WLAN antennas in a PDA phone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Chou Jui‐Hung , Su Saou‐Wen , Su Chih‐Ming 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe isolation performances of GSM/DCS and WLAN antennas embedded in a PDA phone for cellular/WLAN dual‐network operations are studied. The two (GSM/DCS and WLAN) antennas are printed PIFAs with compact sizes and are mounted perpendicularly along the boundary of the system circuit board in order to perform as internal antennas for the PDA phone. It is found that the isolation between the two antennas is greatly dependent on their relative position inside the PDA phone. The measured and simulated results are presented, and the isolation performances are analyzed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 347–352, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20820
Preparation and thermal properties of bismaleimide blends based on hydroxyphenyl maleimide
Authors: Rao BS , Sireesha R , Pasala AR 
Published: April 2005

AbstractN‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)maleimide was melt‐blended with the glycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A and various mole percentages of 4, 4′‐(diaminodiphenylsulfone) bismaleimide. The cure behaviour of the resins was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The blends showed distinct reductions in the onset of cure (To) and peak exothermic (Texo) temperatures. The blends cured at low temperatures exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tgs) higher than the cure temperatures. The cured blends showed high moduli, glass transition temperatures in excess of 250 °C and good thermal stabilities up to 400 °C. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Ab initio study of guanine tautomers in the S0 and D0 states
Authors: Elshakre Mohamed 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe electronic and stabilization energies of the guanine six most stable tautomers were calculated in the neutral ground electronic, S0, and the cationic ground, D0, states. Calculations using ab initio MP2 method shows that guanine 9‐H keto is the most stable tautomer in the S0 state. It was found that upon ionization to the D0 state, guanine 9‐H‐enol‐trans is the most stable form. The ionization energy of the six tautomers of guanine was calculated and found to agree well with the values reported from experiments and with theoretically predicted ionization energies. The molecular structures in the S0 and D0 states were predicted and the results from geometry optimization show that all tautomers are nonplanar in the S0 state. It was predicted that the ionization of all guanine forms to the D0 state may originate from the removal of one of the electron pairs on the terminal NH2 group of the pyrimidine ring, and the other electron enhances the interaction between nitrogen atoms of the NH2 and the immediate carbon atom neighbors via hyperconjugation. These interactions force the molecule to become planar in the D0 state. The planar geometry is justified by the electron delocalization in and outside both rings. The calculations of atomic charges and dipole moments support the findings of electrons delocalization around the ring causing the geometrical changes in the S0 and D0 states of all tautomers. The calculations of the rotational constants show that the geometries are different for all tautomers, in both the S0 and D0 states, verifying the findings from atomic charge and dipole moment analysis that these tautomers suffer large geometrical changes upon ionization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Recent Developments in Nanofabrication Using Ion Projection Lithography
Authors: Tseng Ampere A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIon projection lithography (IPL) is an emerging technology and a major candidate for the next‐generation lithography (NGL) designed to complement and supplement current optical lithographic techniques for future chip manufacturing. In this Review, the recent developments of IPL technology are examined with an emphasis on its ability to fabricate a wide variety of nanostructures for the semiconductor industry. Following an introduction of the uniqueness and strength of the technology, the basics of ion‐source development and ion–target interactions with and without chemical enhancement are presented. The developments in equipment systems, masks, and resists are subsequently studied. The resolution of printed nanostructures and the corresponding throughput of the current system are assessed for NGL. Finally, concluding remarks are presented to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the current technology and to suggest the scope for future improvement.
The location of GABAB receptor binding sites in mammalian spinal cord
Authors: Price G. W. , Kelly J. S. , Bowery N. G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGABAB binding sites in rat spinal cord have been detected by receptor autoradiography using 3H‐GABA in the presence of isoguvacine. The sites could be demonstrated throughout the spinal cord grey matter.The maximum concentration of GABAB sites occurred in lamina II with substantial amounts in other laminae of the dorsal horn. Much lower levels were detected in the ventral horn. Unilateral rhizotomy reduced the number of GABAB sites in the dorsal horn without affecting levels in the ventral horn. The greatest reduction occurred in lamina II with 18% loss 2 days after surgery, 23% after 4 days, 25% after 6 days, and 48% after 15 days. The change after 15 days was comparable to that produced 4 months after neonatal capsaicin administration (50 mg/kg). The only apparent difference between rhizotomy and capsaicin treatment occurred in lamina IV, where rhizotomy produced a greater reduction than capsaicin.3H‐Neurotensin binding in sections from the same animals was unaltered after rhizotomy, indicating a lack of change in the populations of neurons containing neurotensinbinding sites. This would support the view that up to 50% of GABAB binding sites are located on nerve terminals.The greater reduction in lamina IV after rhizotomy would suggest that GABAB sites may be present on large‐diameter afferent fibres that terminate in this region as well as on smaller‐diameter C and A δ fibres.
Glutamic acid decarboxylase‐ and peptide‐immunoreactive neurons in cortex cerebri following development in isolation: Evidence of homotypic and disturbed patterns in intraocular grafts
Authors: Erikdotter‐Nilsson Maria , Meister Bjöurn , Höukfelt Tomas , Elde Robert , Fahrenkrug Jan , Frey Peter , Oertel Wolfgang , Rehfeld Jens F. , Terenius Lars , Olson Lars 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFetal parietal cerebral cortex was transplanted to the anterior eye chamber of adult Sprague‐Dawley rats. After two to three months the grafts, with or without colchicine treatment, were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and the GABA‐synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Cerebral cortex in situ of untreated and colchicine‐treated rats was always analyzed in parallel.A dense plexus of CCK‐immunoreactive fibers was distributed in all parts of the transplants, and after colchicine treatment a large number of CCK‐positive cells was observed. These cells were markedly increased in number as compared to normal cortical tissue in colchicine‐pretreated rats. The amount of NPY‐immunoreactive cells was also markedly increased, whereas somatostatin‐positive cells were found in numbers similar to those seen in cortex in situ. In the grafts only a few VIP‐ and PHI‐positive fibers were seen with a few VIP‐positive cell bodies, but no clearly discernible PHI‐positive cells. A very dense plexus of GAD‐positive fibers with an even distribution throughout the grafts was observed. Cortex in situ exhibited a lower density of GAD‐immunoreactive fibers. Even after colchicine treatment the number of GAD‐positive cells in the grafts was low. Using double‐staining techniques, it was found that most of the few GAD‐positive cells in the grafts were also NPY‐positive, SOM‐positive or, to a minor extent, CCK‐positive.The present results demonstrate that several peptides and transmitter markers are expressed in cortical grafts in oculo, but marked differences in their expression can be observed in cortical tissue that has developed in isolation. Thus, the intraocular cortex graft, alone and in combination with other brain areas, should provide a useful model in which to study factors that regulate brain development.
Substructure in the postsynaptic density of purkinje cell dendritic spines revealed by rapid freezing and etching
Authors: Landis Dennis M. D. , Weinstein L. A. , Reese Thomas S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn tissue prepared by rapid freezing, freeze fracture, and shallow etching, the postsynaptic density of Purkinje cell dendritic spines has a substructure consisting of fine filaments and irregular, globular adherent proteins. The number and packing density of the globular proteins vary from region within a single density and are even more variable when different junctions are compared. Whereas actinlike microfilaments and spectrinlike filaments are juxtaposed to the postsynaptic density, they do not appear to be continuous with the constituent filaments of the density. We suggest that the postsynaptic density at this class of synapse is composed of fine filamentous proteins that insert on the postsynaptic membrane and serve as a supporting framework for a variety of globular proteins. The globular proteins may vary qualitatively and quantitatively from junction to junction, and are positioned in the region of the spine that has the greatest concentration of ionized calcium entering with the synaptic current, and the greatest extent of postsynaptic depolarization.
Characterization and autoradiographic localization of LHRH receptors in the rat brain
Authors: Badr M. , Pelletier G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLuteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) is distributed in several extrahypothalamic areas, suggesting that it might act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. This study was undertaken to characterize and localize LHRH receptors in the rat brain by using slide‐mounted frozen sections. The radioligand used was an iodinated stable LHRH agonist, [D‐Ser(TBU)6, des‐Gly‐NH210]LHRH ethylamide. It was clearly established that LHRH receptors with characteristics similar to those of pituitary LHRH receptors were present in the brain. They were found in high concentrations in the dorsal hippocampus, amygdala, septum, and subiculum and in very low amounts in the hypothalamus. Generally, a good correlation could be observerd between receptor distribution and immunohistologically localized LHRH. These results strongly suggest that LHRH has multiple sites of action in the rat brain and reinforce the hypothesis that the peptide could act as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in the central nervous system.
Polarized light out‐coupling from lightguides for LCDs
Authors: van Heesch C. M. , Jagt H. , Sánchez C. , Cornelissen H. J. , Broer D. J. , Bastiaansen C. W. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNew designs of lightguide systems, which emit linear polarized light with a high efficiency for transmissive and transflective LCD applications, are presented. These systems are equipped with nano‐ and/or micro‐structured films or coatings, which emit highly collimated or diffuse linearly polarized light with a high efficiency. The films are based on polarization‐selective scattering, reflection, or diffraction of light and their properties can be tuned to a large extent dependent on their envisioned application. For instance, edge‐lit lightguide systems are discussed, which combine a range of desirable features such as a high transparency in direct view, a direct emission of light at normal angles to the plane of the lightguide, and a purely unidirectional out‐coupling of light towards the LCD‐side. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 59–69; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20034
A retrospective survey of community based utilization of Tay Sachs screening in Eight New Jersey counties
Authors: Wallerstein Robert , Seshadri Kapila , Brady‐Yasbin Sheila , Shih Ling‐yu , Wallerstein Donna Fleming 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the rate of utilization of Tay Sachs disease screening by the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Pregnant women who were referred to one of three genetic centers in New Jersey for amniocentesis unrelated to Tay Sachs screening were the study population. 4490 charts were reviewed retrospectively to determine the at risk population for Tay Sachs disease (Ashkenazi Jews) and whether or not patients and their spouses had elected Tay Sachs screening prior to referral. A group of 25 patients who did not elect screening were questioned as to their specific reason for declining Tay Sachs screening. Overall community utilization was 90%. Of the couples who did not elect screening, 64% felt that their risk to have an affected child was too small, 16% could not recall Tay Sachs screening being offered to them, 8% felt that screening was inconvenient. Tay Sachs screening as a voluntary preventive health care program has a high utilization rate in our study group.
Training Genetic Counselors to provide teratogen counseling
Authors: Stein Amy K. , Fine Beth A. , Pergament Eugene 
Published: April 2005

AbstractProvision of teratogen counseling requires acquisition of knowledge and skills from several disciplines. Traditionally, training in teratogen counseling has occurred “on the job.” We describe a formal, didactic and experiential curriculum for teratogen counseling as an integral part of the Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling leading to the master of science degree at Northwestern University. All students complete a 5‐week rotation with the Coordinator of the Illinois Teratogen Information Service (TIS). This provides them with an opportunity to evaluate a spectrum of teratogen exposures, to interpret teratogen studies in a manner useful for patients, and to develop skills in assessing and addressing psychosocial issues associated with fetal exposure to potential teratogens. Students also learn first hand about how a TIS functions and when and how to refer to TIS specialists. The goal of the program is to provide genetic counseling students with the opportunity to gain experience in accessing and interpreting teratology research and in communicating teratogen information to patients and health professionals in a sensitive, effective manner.
Nondirectiveness and genetic counseling
Authors: Wolff Gerhard , Jung Christine 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNondirectiveness is the generally required and professed standard for genetic counseling. However, studies are lacking in the field of human genetics and in other disciplines which address either the theory or practice of this type of therapeutic procedure in the context of genetic counseling. Moreover, there is no indication the further development this concept has undergone in client‐centered therapy has been acknowledged in human genetics. This could be due tot he historical development of genetic counseling, its inherent conflicts and often undefined goals, and the latent need of human geneticists to defend themselves against being accused of eugenic tendencies. Nondirectiveness and directiveness, however, can neither adequately describe what takes place in genetic counseling, nor can they — according to their original meaning — be used to define an ethical standard of genetic counseling. Starting with the writings by Carl Rogers (1942), an experiential approach is described, in which counseling is seen as a process of influence, which is wished by all the persons involved, during which activities are oriented toward the experience of the client, and which allows the counselor to communicate openly and directly with the client. The present study illustrates the use of the experiential approach in genetic counseling and shows that it can uphold the principle of ethics, which nondirectiveness demands and, at the same time, prevent the inevitable and unresolvable contradictions. This means that in their training genetic counselors must learn to recognize and constantly reflect on the influence they can and want to exert. In order to be able to use this influence in a responsible manner, genetic counselors must also learn to have a certain degree of flexibility so that they are able to check at any time how their client responds to this influence.
Homelessness and drug abuse among young men who have sex with men in New York city: A preliminary epidemiological trajectory
Authors: Clatts Michael C. , Goldsamt Lloyd , Yi Huso , Viorst Gwadz Marya 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to profile the role of homelessness in drug and sexual risk in a population of young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Data are from a cross‐sectional survey collected between 2000 and 2001 in New York City (). With the goal of examining the import of homelessness in increased risk for the onset of drug and sexual risk, we compare and contrast three subgroups: (1) YMSM with no history of homelessness, (2) YMSM with a past history of homelessness but who were not homeless at the time of the interview, and (3) YMSM who were currently homeless. For each group, we describe the prevalence of a broad range of stressful life events (including foster care and runaway episodes, involvement in the criminal justice system, etc.), as well as selected mental health problems (including past suicide attempts, current depression, and selected help‐seeking variables). Additionally, we examine the prevalence of selected drug and sexual risk, including exposure to a broad range of illegal substances, current use of illegal drugs, and prevalence of lifetime exposure to sex work. Finally, we use an event history analysis approach (time–event displays and paired t‐test analysis) to examine the timing of negative life experiences and homelessness relative to the onset of drug and sexual risk. High levels of background negative life experiences and manifest mental health distress are seen in all three groups. Both a prior experience of homelessness and currently being homeless are both strongly associated with both higher levels of lifetime exposure to drug and sexual risk as well as higher levels of current drug and sexual risk. Onset of these risks occur earlier in both groups that have had an experience of housing instability (e.g., runaway, foster care, etc.) but are delayed or not present among YMSM with no history of housing instability. Few YMSM had used drug prior to becoming homeless. While causal inferences are subject to the limitations of a cross‐sectional design, the findings pose an empirical challenge to the prevailing assumption that prior drug use is a dominant causal factor in YMSM becoming homeless. More broadly, the data illustrate the complexity of factors that must be accounted for, both in advancing our epidemiological understanding of the complexity of homelessness and its relationship to the onset of drug and sexual risk among high risk youth populations.
Prediction of preeclampsia with maternal mid‐trimester placental growth factor, activin A, fibronectin and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry
Authors: Madazli R. , Kuseyrioglu B. , Uzun H. , Uludag S. , Ocak V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether alterations in the serum levels of placental growth factor, activin A and fibronectin could be detected in patients before they become preeclamptic. And to evaluate and compare the clinical utility of these markers and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in predicting preeclampsia.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐two normotensive women were prospectively included in the study. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained and Doppler examination of the uterine arteries was performed between 21 and 26 weeks' gestation. Serum levels of placental growth factor, activin A and fibronectin were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and radial immundiffusion technic.ResultsMid‐trimester maternal serum activin A and fibronectin levels and average S / D ratios were significantly higher whereas placental growth factor levels were significantly lower in women who subsequently developed preeclampsia than remained normotensive (p < 0.001). The best cut‐off values for predicting preeclampsia of placental growth factor, activin A and fibronectin based on ROC curve analysis were 90 pg/ml, 14 ng/ml and 370 mg/l respectively. The areas under the curve equal to 0.993, 0.972, 0.872 and 0.813 for placental growth factor, activin A, fibronectin and uterine artery Doppler respectively were determined for the prediction of preeclampsia.ConclusionPlacental growth factor, activin A, fibronectin and uterine artery Doppler are all potentially useful as predictors of preeclampsia. Maternal serum midtrimester PGF has the highest predictive value and activin A with a compatible accuracy for early identification of preeclampsia.