bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efisiensi dan Efektivitas Pengelolaan Anggaran Pada Tim Kerja Keuangan dan Barang Milik Negara Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi
Authors: Hasoloan Dean Leonard , Subagja Iwan Kurniawan , Hakim Azis 
Published: January 2025

Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengelolaan anggaran, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi serta upaya meningkatkan pengelolaan anggaran pada Tim Kerja Keuangan Dan Barang Milik Negara Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset Dan Teknologi. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengelolaan anggaran, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi serta upaya meningkatkan pengelolaan anggaran pada Tim Kerja Keuangan Dan Barang Milik Negara Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset Dan Teknologi. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini informan yang diwawancarai berjumlah 5 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan serta verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan: (1) Pengelolaan anggaran Tim Kerja Keuangan Dan Barang Milik Negara Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset Dan Teknologi, sudah dikelola dengan baik karena pengelolaan anggaran dilakukan berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku untuk mencapai efektivitas dan efisiensi dari segi proses administrasi. Namun masih ada beberapa hal yang mungkin dapat dilakukan penyesuaian. (2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan anggaran pada Tim Kerja Keuangan Dan Barang Milik Negara Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset Dan Teknologi, antara lain perencanaan anggaran, kualitas sumber daya manusia, koordinasi kerja dalam organisasi, sarana prasarana kegiatan kerja dan supervisi pimpinan. (3) Upaya untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pengelolaan anggaran pada Tim Kerja Keuangan Dan Barang Milik Negara Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset Dan Teknologi, dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia, melengkapi sarana prasarana kerja secara maksimal, koordinasi kerja dan sinergitas antar pemangku kepentingan lebih ditingkatkan lagi, serta komitmen yang kuat dari seluruh pegawai dan pimpinan.
Nature of Simple Proof as a Condition for Application for Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations and Bankruptcy Against Developers (developers) of Apartments and / or Flats After Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 3 of 2023
Authors: Andrew Ardiyanto Dachlan  , Ariyanto Hermawan  , Hilmy Syaiful Rachmansyah  , Agus Apria Widodo  , Ivan Ilham Kusuma  
Published: January 2025

The issuance of Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 3 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of the Formulation of the Results of the Plenary Meeting of the Supreme Court Chamber in 2023 as Guidelines for the Implementation of Duties for the Courts, raises legal problems when correlated with the provisions on the principle of simple proof as a condition for postponement of debt payment obligations and bankruptcy as stipulated in Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations Article 8 paragraph (4). This paper uses normative legal research method with statutory approach and conceptual approach. The results of the research show that the SEMA in question is not a product of legislation and has implications that are not binding in general, only applies to the internal environment of the Supreme Court, but the consequences of the circular letter are guidelines for judges to be able to reject bankruptcy applications and postponement of debt payment obligations against developers (developers) of apartments, flats.
Slovakia's Foreign Policy in Stopping Military Aid Shipments to Ukraine
Authors: Oktaviani Diva Rahma , Sudrajat Lira Amalia Sucihati 
Published: January 2025

Foreign policy refers to a series of decisions and actions taken by a country to establish relations with other countries. The change in parliamentary positions in Slovakia influenced its foreign policy. Slovakia's internal political turmoil made Slovakia's foreign policy play a significant role in halting military aid deliveries to Ukraine, reflecting the complex geopolitical dynamics in Eastern Europe. This decision is reflected in Slovakia's foreign policy analysis, emphasizing the importance of maintaining diplomatic balance among regional powers. Involving both security and diplomatic aspects, this policy reflects Slovakia's discomfort in getting directly involved in regional conflicts, especially given the detrimental impact it could have on relations with neighboring countries. Abstaining from sending military aid to Ukraine demonstrates Slovakia's efforts to maintain neutrality and avoid confrontation amid tensions between Russia and Ukraine. Despite international pressure to participate in efforts to assist Ukraine, Slovakia'sforeign policy affirms its priority on regional stability and maintaining sustainable diplomatic relations. As such, it reflects a long-view strategy considering long-term regional stability and security implications.
Juridical Review of The Issuance of Ministerial Regulations Without Any Delegation From The Law (Case Study of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 4 of 2023 on Acting Governor, Acting Regent, and Acting Mayor)
Authors: Raissa Safatiara  , Citraresmi Widoretno Putri  
Published: January 2025

Ahead of the syncronous Pilkada that to be run in November 2024, there is still a polemic related to the legal guidelines for the acting of regional heads’s levitation whose term of office ends ahead of the 2024 simultaneous elections. The legal basis for the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 4 of 2023 concerning Acting Regional Heads issued by the Minister of Home Affairs is considered to have many irregularities. This paper will reveal the absence of statutory delegation in the issuance of the Permendagri and the use of legal considerations of the Constitutional Court judges in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 15/PUU-XX/2022 as a consideration in the Permendagri. The research method used in this paper is normative juridical through a statutory approach as a source of existing law. The results of this study conclude that the issuance of Permendagri No. 4 of 2023 is unfounded if only viewed through the presence or absence of delegation of the formation of implementing regulations. If viewed more broadly through the theory of discretion, then this is considered valid, in order to fill the legal vacuum. The legal deliberations of the Constitutional Court judges in MK’s Decision Number 15/PUU-XX/2022 also strengthen the legitimacy of the issuance of Permendagri No. 4 of 2023, this is because the content of the legal considerations is considered to be commensurate with the ruling, even though the ruling was rejected. Unfortunately, the implementing regulation chosen by the government to regulate the inauguration of acting regional heads is in the form of a Minister of Home Affairs Regulation, not a Government Regulation.
Analyze the Impact and Handling of Legal Actions on Bullying on Social Media Tiktok
Authors: Shinta Rahmalia Saputri  , Arief Budiono  
Published: January 2025

Bullying on social media, including the TikTok platform, has become a pressing issue in the modern digital context. This research aims to analyze the impact and handling of legal actions on bullying on TikTok social media. This research method is empirical legal research. The primary and secondary data sources of this research are primary and secondary. The data collection techniques are interviews, questionnaires, and observation. The method of analyzing data obtained from research is processed and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive way, meaning that data analysis is based on what is obtained from the literature, both orally and in writing, then directed, discussed, and given an explanation with the applicable provisions and then concluded. The results of this study show that both victims and perpetrators have a negative impact from criminal acts of bullying—legal consequences for the perpetrators and legal protection for victims of cyber bullycyberbullyingd. The legal mechanism can handle legal acts of bullying on the internet, especially on TikTok social media, namely complaints on the TikTok social media platform. Bullying on social media can be sanctioned based on Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), updated with Law No. 19 of 2016. Suppose the act of bullying relates to insult or defamation. In that case, the perpetrator can be charged with the Criminal Code (KUHP) Articles 310 and 311 with the threat of imprisonment or a fine, depending on the severity of the case.
Intellectual Property Rights Guarantee: Roles and Challenges for Notaries
Authors: Niken Eka Marthasari  
Published: January 2025

Exclusive rights in intellectual property as intangible movable objects can be used as objects of fiduciary collateral based on statutory regulations, although positive law has regulated that IPR can be used as collateral, in practice it is still not widely implemented, because of the incomplete legal certainty regarding the assessment mechanism, limited time period for IPR apprentices, as well as further regulations regarding the execution of guarantees in the event of breach of contract or default. The role of a notary is very important as a general official who makes fiduciary guarantee deeds, of course it is a challenge for notaries to be able to understand the implementation of fiduciary guarantees in the form of IPR. This writing aims to find out more about the systematics of fiduciary guarantee deeds with IPR objects, as well as the role and challenges of notaries as makers of fiduciary guarantee deeds with IPR objects. The method used is doctrinal or normative research, with an approach to positive legal regulations. This research is explanatory, which aims to test theories and hypotheses related to the application of IPR as fiduciary collateral
Legal Protection of Processed “Nasi Kapau” Products are Linked to Intellectual Property Rights (Study at Nagari Kapau, Agam Regency)
Authors: Ulfanora Utama  , Tasman  
Published: January 2025

West Sumatra is a province that has undoubted delicious cuisine that has gone global and is known as Minangkabau cuisine. One of the famous Minangkabau dishes is Nasi Kapau. Nasi Kapau is a traditional dish originating from Nagari Kapau and has special processed products that are different from dishes in the Minangkabau realm. In Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Brands, the role of Brands and Geographical Indications is very important, especially in maintaining healthy, fair business competition, protecting consumers, as well as protecting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and domestic industry. In fact, there are already several Nasi Kapau dishes that have been registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, such as Nasi Kapau Uni Lis. The potential for not carrying out an inventory or recording it will give rise to legal problems, namely legal disputes. Various cases that have occurred bothclaim"The ownership of intellectual property by other people or other countries causes cultural losses and even loss of commercial value. The results of this research explain that First, Registration of the trademark on Nasi Kapau is an effort to avoid recognition by other countries which violates the ownership of the owner of the processed product. Second, Registration of the Kapau rice brand as a form of preservation carried out by the Nagari Kapau community for the advancement of Minangkabau culture in Indonesia. Third, The government encourages the public to register processed products in the form of kapau rice through individual brands and communal brands in the form of nasi Padang licenses. It is advisable for the people of Nagari Kapau to register their processed Kapau rice products in the form of a patent as a form of intellectual property rights protection in the form of appreciating their work for the sake of community welfare and a healthy business climate.
Maximum Energy of Particles in Plasmas
Authors: Oka Mitsuo , Makishima Kazuo , Terasawa Toshio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Particles are accelerated to very high, nonthermal energies in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. In cosmic-ray physics, the Hillas limit is often used as a rough estimate (or the necessary condition) of the maximum energy of particles. This limit is based on the concepts of one-shot direct acceleration by a system-wide motional electric field, as well as stochastic and diffusive acceleration in strongly turbulent environments. However, it remains unclear how well this limit explains the actual observed maximum energies of particles. Here, we show, based on a systematic review, that the observed maximum energy of particles—those in space, solar, astrophysical, and laboratory environments—often reach the energy predicted by the Hillas limit. We also found several exceptions, such as electrons in solar flares and jet-terminal lobes of radio galaxies, as well as protons in planetary radiation belts, where deviations from this limit occur. We discuss possible causes of such deviations, and we argue in particular that there is a good chance of detecting ultra-high-energy (∼100 GeV) solar flare electrons that have not yet been detected. We anticipate that this study will facilitate further interdisciplinary discussions on the maximum energy of particles and the underlying mechanisms of particle acceleration in diverse plasma environments.
The Puzzling Long GRB 191019A: Evidence for Kilonova Light
Authors: Stratta G. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. M. , Klose S. , Rossi A. , Singh P. , Palazzi E. , Guidorzi C. , Camisasca A. , Bernuzzi S. , Rau A. , Bulla M. , Ragosta F. , Maiorano E. , Paris D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
GRB 191019A was a long gamma-ray burst (GRB) lasting ~65 s and, as such, originally thought to be linked to a core-collapse supernova. However, even though follow-up observations identified the optical counterpart close to the bright nucleus of a nearby ancient galaxy (z = 0.248), no associated supernova was found. This led to the suggestion that the burst was caused by the merger of two compact stellar objects, likely in a dense circumnuclear environment. By using a recently developed diagnostic tool based on prompt emission temporal properties, we noticed that GRB 191019A falls among those long GRBs which are associated with compact mergers and with evidence of kilonova light. We thus reanalyzed unpublished GROND multicolor (

g
′
r
′
i
′
z
′
J
H

K

s

) data obtained between 0.4 and 15 days posttrigger. Image subtraction confirmed the optical counterpart in all four optical bands, with GROND tracking its fading until 1.5 days postburst. Incorporating publicly available Swift-XRT data, a joint fit of an afterglow plus a kilonova model revealed a better match than an afterglow-only scenario. The resulting kilonova properties resemble those of AT2017gfo associated with the binary neutron star merger GW170817, with a total ejected mass of ~0.06 M
⊙. Contrary to previous findings inferring a high-density circumburst environment (n
0 ~ 107−8 cm−3), our analysis finds standard conditions (n
0 ~ 1 cm−3), suggesting the long duration of GRB 191019A was intrinsic rather than due to jet interaction with a dense external medium.
Numerical Simulation of Electron Magnetohydrodynamics with Landau-quantized Electrons in Magnetar Crusts
Authors: Rau Peter B. , Wasserman Ira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In magnetar crusts, magnetic fields are sufficiently strong to confine electrons into a small to moderate number of quantized Landau levels. This can have a dramatic effect on the crust's thermodynamic properties, generating field-dependent de Haas–van Alphen oscillations. We previously argued that the large-amplitude oscillations of the magnetic susceptibility could enhance the ohmic dissipation of the magnetic field by continuously generating small-scale, rapidly dissipating field features. This could be important to magnetar field evolution and contribute to their observed higher temperatures. To study this, we performed quasi-3D numerical simulations of electron MHD in a representative volume of neutron star crust matter, for the first time including the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility resulting from Landau quantization. We find that the potential enhancement in the ohmic dissipation rate due to this effect can be a factor ∼3 for temperatures of the order of 108 K, and ∼4.5 for temperatures of the order of 5 × 107 K, depending on the magnetic field configuration. The nonlinear Hall term is crucial to this amplification: without it, the magnetic field decay is only enhanced by a factor ≲2 even at 5 × 107 K. These effects generate a high wavenumber plateau in the magnetic energy spectrum associated with the small-scale de Haas–van Alphen oscillations. Our results suggest that this mechanism could help explain the magnetar heating problem, though due to the effect's temperature-dependence, full magneto-thermal evolution simulations in a realistic stellar model are needed to judge whether it is viable explanation.
Optical Quasiperiodic Oscillations with 550 Day Periodicity in the Reverberation-mapped Broad Line Quasar PG 1411+442
Authors: Zhang Xue-Guang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, optical quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) with 550 day periodicity related to a candidate subparsec binary black hole (BBH) system are reported in the reverberation-mapped broad line quasar PG 1411+442 but with a different line profile of broad Hα from that of broad Hβ in its rms spectrum. First, considering the sine function to describe the 18.8 yr long light curves from the Catalina Sky Survey, All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, and Zwicky Transient Facility, 550 day periodicity can be confirmed with a confidence level higher than 5σ. Second, the stable 550 day optical QPOs can be reconfirmed with confidence levels higher than 5σ by the generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram, the sine-like phase-folded light curves, and the weighted wavelet z-transform technique determined power maps. Third, based on simulated light curves by the continuous autoregressive process, a confidence level higher than 3.5σ can be confirmed for the optical QPOs not related to intrinsic active galactic nucleus (AGN) variability. Moreover, considering the spatial separation of central two black hole (BH) accreting systems with smaller than expected sizes of broad emission line regions, a central total BH mass higher than 106
M
⊙ could lead to few effects of supposed BBH systems on estimated virial BH masses. Meanwhile, disk precession is not preferred due to the similar estimated sizes of the optical and near-ultraviolet emission regions, and jet precession can be ruled out due to PG 1411+442 being a radio-quiet quasar. The results strongly indicate it would be practicable, by applying very different line profiles of broad Balmer emission lines, to detect candidate BBH systems in normal broad line AGN in the near future.
Profiling Near-surface Winds on Mars Using Attitude Data from Mars 2020 Ingenuity
Authors: Jackson Brian , Fenton Lori , Brown Travis , Munguira Asier , Martinez German , Newman Claire , Viúdez-Moreiras Daniel , Golombek Matthew , Lorenz Ralph , Paton Mark D. , Conway Dylan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We used attitude data from the Mars Ingenuity helicopter with a simple steady-state model to estimate wind speeds and directions at altitudes between 3 and 24 m, the first time winds at such altitudes have been probed on Mars. We compared our estimates to wind data from the meteorology package MEDA on board the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and to predictions from meteorological models. Wind directions inferred from Ingenuity data agreed with the directions measured by MEDA, when the latter were available, but deviated from model-predicted directions by as much as 180° in some cases. The inferred wind speeds are often much higher than expected. For example, meteorological predictions suggest that Ingenuity should not have seen wind speeds above about 15 m s−1 during its 59th flight, but we inferred speeds reaching nearly 25 m s−1. For flights during which we have MEDA data to compare to, inferred wind speeds imply friction velocities >1 m s−1 and roughness lengths >10 cm, which seem implausibly large. These results suggest that Ingenuity was probing winds sensitive to aerodynamic conditions hundreds of meters upwind instead of the conditions very near Mars 2020, but they may also reflect a need for updated boundary layer wind models. An improved model for Ingenuity’s aerodynamic response that includes the effects of transient winds may also modify our results. In any case, the work here provides a foundation for exploration of planetary boundary layers using drones and suggests important future avenues for research and development.
JWST Near-infrared Spectroscopy of High-albedo Jupiter Trojans: A New Surface Type in the Trojan Belt
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Wong Ian , Belyakov Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present 0.8–5 μm JWST spectra of four ~20 km diameter Jupiter Trojans known to have albedos elevated above the values typical in the remaining Trojan population. The spectra of these four high-albedo Jupiter Trojans are all similar, with red slopes in the optical–IR transition region, a break to lower slopes at 1.3 μm, and a broad absorptions from 2.8 to 4 μm. The 0.8–2.5 μm spectra of these objects match the spectra of neither the well-known “red” and “less-red” Jupiter Trojans nor of any known asteroid taxonomic class. The reflectivity of these objects does not rise redward of 4 μm, a property that is seen in the previous JWST observations of Jupiter Trojans only in Polymele. Indeed, the high-albedo Jupiter Trojan spectra are a good match to that of Polymele, and Polymele is both the smallest Jupiter Trojan in the previous JWST sample and has the highest albedo of the objects in that sample. We conclude that Polymele and the other high-albedo Jupiter Trojans represent a third class of Jupiter Trojans not represented in the more heavily studied larger objects and are perhaps the products of recent disruptions. The Lucy flyby of Polymele in 2027 September will give a direct view of one of this new class of Jupiter Trojans.
Le répertoire que les enseignants déclarent faire chanter à l’école primaire
Authors: Anselmi Macia Marie-Céline , Maizieres Frédéric 
Published: January 2025

La pratique du chant apparait comme l’activité́ dominante en éducation musicale à l’école primaire en France. Or, en l’absence d’indications précises dans les programmes, il n’est pas facile de savoir quels sont les chants qui sont aujourd’hui appris dans les écoles. Deux enquêtes interacadémiques (2011 et 2019) permettent de décrire les répertoires actuellement chantés dans les écoles et de comprendre si les nouveaux outils d’accès à la chanson favorisent l’évolution du répertoire. Dans les deux cas, les résultats mettent en évidence un répertoire, à la fois varié (nombreuses chansons citées une fois) et commun : un certain nombre de chansons plus fréquemment citées semblent appartenir durablement au répertoire scolaire. Si une évolution semble se dessiner entre 2011 et 2019 (la baisse du répertoire de la chanson enfantine, l’entrée de certaines chansons à la mode), il est difficile d’attribuer cette évolution à la seule raison du numérique.