bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prologue
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It had rained hard the night before, and it was still drizzling and overcast as James Thomas walked briskly along Deaderick Street in Nashville late the morning of March 6, 1851. He passed the State Bank and made his way through the bustling open market toward the public square. Dominating it was the Davidson County Courthouse, an imposing structure whose first-story facade was decorated with finely hewn stone, while an attractive red brick adorned the upper levels. Atop the roof, the town clock rested in a dome, surrounded by eight Ionic columns. Despite its beauty, the courthouse seemed forbidding on this day, shrouded as it was in a gray mist. James Thomas nervously made his way through the front entrance. There, he was greeted by Ephraim H. Foster, a distinguished lawyer, politician, and planter who had some years before served as a United States senator from Tennessee. The colonel was a “fine looking, wholesome, good humored person, a warm friend to those he liked,” Thomas recalled, but toward his enemies he could be menacing. The two men ascended the stairs to the second floor; passing the marshal’s office, they entered the courtroom.
Sally Thomas
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than thirty years before James Thomas was freed, and some ten years before he was born, his mother began a journey of her own. As she sat in a wagon moving slowly along the road leading out of Charlottesville, Virginia, the slave Sally worried about what might become of her two boys riding with her. Sally’s owner, Charles L. Thomas, had died in 1814, followed by the owner’s wife two years later, which left Sally and her sons as part of the Thomas estate. That her children had not been taken from her brought Sally little solace. As handsome and energetic youngsters, her sons would fetch a good price. Was she being taken to a new location so that her children could be sold? She had little time to fret, however, as they journeyed up into the high country, amid the cedars, pines, and evergreens, across the Blue Ridge Mountains, and down into the grassy expanse of the Shenandoah Valley.
The Midwest, Haiti, and Jamaica
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although young James Rapier was hoping to return south when the Civil War commenced, he had at least found religion and had settled into a steady life teaching in Buxton. His uncle Henry had committed himself to raising his family on a farm. Henry’s brother John Rapier Sr., after debating whether or not to leave Florence, had decided to ride out the southern troubles at home. But two of Sally Thomas’s family were still birds unwilling to perch. Both her son James Thomas and her grandson John Rapier Jr. continued to feel uncomfortable about worsening conditions in the South, so that when John Jr. took passage from Minnesota heading south along the Mississippi, he intended to return to the Caribbean, where he had traveled with his uncle James Thomas. James, too, was unsettled. But unlike John Rapier Jr., he had not given up on the Midwest.
Epilogue
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a clear, chilly morning on January 10, 1863 as James Thomas stood on the deck of the steamboat Ruth and watched the Battle of Arkansas Post unfold. He had found work as a barber aboard the Ruth, the new elegant passenger steamer. On its maiden voyage, however, the ship had been commandeered by Union general Clinton B. Fisk to carry Union troops to fight against the Confederates along the White and Arkansas rivers. Years later, Thomas recalled how Fisk had walked into the boat’s barbershop, raked winnings off a table in the corner where a poker game was in progress, and put the money in a box marked “sanitary commission”—put aside to buy food, clothing, and medical supplies for war refugees. Erect and confident, with deep-set eyes and a full, heavy black beard, Fisk exuded power and authority.
Dream Catchers
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In books such as Mystics and Messiahs, Hidden Gospels, and The Next Christendom, Philip Jenkins has established himself as a leading commentator on religion and society. Now, in Dream Catchers, Jenkins offers a brilliant account of the changing mainstream attitudes towards Native American spirituality, once seen as degraded spectacle, now hailed as New Age salvation. While early Americans had nothing but contempt for Indian religions, deploring them as loathsome devil worship and snake dancing, white Americans today respect and admire Native spirituality. In this book, Jenkins charts this remarkable change, highlighting the complex history of white American attitudes towards Native religions from colonial times to the present. Jenkins ranges widely, considering everything from the 19th-century American obsession with “Hebrew Indians” and Lost Tribes, to the early 20th-century cult of the Maya as bearers of the wisdom of ancient Atlantis, to films like Pocahontas and Dances With Wolves. He looks at the popularity of the Carlos Castaneda books, the writings of Lynn Andrews, and the influential works of Frank Waters, and he explores the New Age paraphernalia found in places like Sedona, Arizona, including dream-catchers, crystals, medicine bags, and Native-themed Tarot cards. Jenkins examines the controversial New Age appropriation of Native sacred places; notes that many “white Indians” see mainstream society as religiously empty; and asks why a government founded on religious freedom tried to eradicate native religions in the last century--and what this says about how we define religion. An engrossing account of our changing attitudes towards Native spirituality, Dream Catchers offers a fascinating introduction to one of the more interesting aspects of contemporary American religion.
Recycling Wastes
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nature works in closed cycles. What is waste to one organism is food to another, in an endless, intricately interwoven web that ultimately wastes nothing at all except small amounts of renewable energy from the sun. In the wild, an army of insects and microorganisms feed on the excrement and corpses of higher animals, reducing these wastes to soil nutrients that can be utilized by plants. Dead vegetable matter of all types is similarly attacked, broken down, and used again as plant food. In the soil, in the water, and in the air, processes take place continually to ensure that none of Nature’s valuable substances is ever left in an unproductive state.
Fitting Buildings to People
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People are the true measure of all things in building. Buildings are designed by people and built by people for inhabitation by people. At both ends of the architectural process, the designing and the inhabiting, the dimensions and movements of the human body are the major determinants of the shapes and sizes of things. This presents the problem that people vary a good deal in size, shape, and mobility.
Space Power Systems
Authors: Dakermanji George , Sullivan Ralph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reliable, continuous operation of the power system is essential to the successful fulfillment of a spacecraft mission. A failure, even a brief interruption in the source of power, can have catastrophic consequences for the spacecraft’s attitude and thermal control as well as its electrical systems. Therefore, the power system and its components must be designed and fabricated with reliability as a primary requirement. The challenge for the power system designer is to accomplish this in the face of ever-increasing costs, demands for improved performance, and the usual competition with other systems for spacecraft resources.
Space Mission Operations
Authors: Holdridge Mark E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There comes a point in every space program when the development efforts are completed and the resulting flight hardware and software are ready for launch. The mission operations phase of the mission begins with the liftoff of the launch vehicle and continues through termination of spacecraft and payload operations. It is during this phase that a space program realizes its mission objectives and a return on the program’s investment is finally realized.
God’s Man for the Gilded Age
Authors: Evensen Bruce J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At his death on the eve of the 20th century, D.L. Moody was widely recognized as one of the most beloved and important of men in 19th-century America. A Chicago shoe salesman with a fourth grade education, Moody rose from obscurity to become God’s man for the Gilded Age. He was the Billy Graham of his day--indeed it could be said that Moody invented the system of evangelism that Graham inherited and perfected. Bruce J. Evensen focuses on the pivotal years during which Moody established his reputation on both sides of the Atlantic through a series of highly popular and publicized campaigns. In four short years Moody forged the bond between revivalism and the mass media that persists to this day. Beginning in Britain in 1873 and extending across America’s urban landscape, first in Brooklyn and then in Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, and Boston, Moody used the power of prayer and publicity to stage citywide crusades that became civic spectacles. Modern newspapers, in the grip of economic depression, needed a story to stimulate circulation and found it in Moody’s momentous mission. The evangelist and the press used one another in creating a sense of civic excitement that manufactured the largest crowds in municipal history. Critics claimed this machinery of revival was man-made. Moody’s view was that he’d rather advertise than preach to empty pews. He brought a businessman’s common sense to revival work and became, much against his will, a celebrity evangelist. The press in city after city made him the star of the show and helped transform his religious stage into a communal entertainment of unprecedented proportions. In chronicling Moody’s use of the press and their use of him, Evensen sheds new light on a crucial chapter in the history of evangelicalism and demonstrates how popular religion helped form our modern media culture.
Structure as Argument in Civil War1
Authors: Batstone William W , Damon Cynthia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we argue that in book 1 of the Civil WarCaesar uses the commentary form for a new purpose. Caesar’s seven Gallic Warcommentaries have a consistent year-by-year structure and appear to function as reports to senators and others in Rome about Caesar’s achievements in Gaul. They offered a picture of Caesar the general and Caesar the man who brings order and civilization to the chaotic and warring provinces, but these political and rhetorical purposes remained a function of particular scenes and of the overall picture of success toward which the Gallic Warpoints but at which it never arrives, since it is Hirtius, rather than Caesar, who completes the record in book 8. The Civil Waris different from the Gallic Warin important ways, perhaps none so significant as the fact that its events were not news to Caesar’s first readers: they had lived through and in many cases participated in those events. Thus, the primary justification of the Gallic commentaries was missing for the Civil War. What then was Caesar’s purpose? The structure and argument of Civil War1 can help us understand what Caesar may have been trying to accomplish.
A New Nation: The American Experiment
Authors: Gaustad Edwin S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two centuries or more after the American Revolution, it is difficult to believe that this war of independence was fought for religious liberty no less than political liberty. The colonists declared that they were resisting the political tyranny of Great Britain, but any victory in that regard would have been hollow if Americans could not enjoy full liberty of conscience. Historically, Britain had imposed its political will side by side with its spiritual will upon all its subjects, at home and abroad. In the 1760s and 1770s, many Americans were determined that this would never be the case should they achieve independence.
An early indication of American determination was the firm refusal to allow Church of England bishops to reside in the colonies. At first glance, this may seem an unlikely place to draw a line in the sand. Were not bishops kindly souls who watched over their flocks and cared for their spiritual needs? Who could be anxious about such respected gentlemen sailing across the ocean to settle in Virginia or New York?
The Twentieth Century and Beyond: A Busy Court
Authors: Gaustad Edwin S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the nineteenth century the U.S. Supreme Court heard relatively few church-state cases. During the twentieth century, this changed dramatically, due to several factors.
First, the Court began (during the 1940s) to use the Fourteenth Amendment as a means of applying the First Amendment’s religion clauses to the states. This change sharply increased the number of religion cases the Court could accept for review. Thus a trickle of church-state cases was transformed into a mighty river.
Second, many new organizations began challenging traditional religious practices in the public arena, again and again carrying the legal process all the way to the Supreme Court. At least three such groups deserve mention: the American Civil Liberties Union, the American Jewish Congress, and Americans United for Separation of Church and State. These groups carry on a kind of dialogue with the federal courts, testing how far religious liberty can be carried, or how near to religious establishment the government can come.
The Free Exercise Clause: Religious Liberty
Authors: Gaustad Edwin S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The establishment clause of the First Amendment indicates that government may not assist or advance religion. The free-exercise clause, by contrast, states that the government may not penalize or inhibit religion. They are two sides of the same coin, designed to ensure neutrality on the part of government and maximum freedom for individual citizens to choose their form of religious worship, or choose not to worship at all. Those most in danger of having their “free exercise” cramped or denied tend to be members of minority (that is, nonmainstream) religious groups. For this reason, the major Supreme Court cases dealing with the free-exercise clause can be conveniently grouped according to the minority denominations that were parties to the legal action.
In the twentieth century, the appropriate place to begin, both chronologically and in terms of the number of suits, is with the Jehovah’s Witnesses. This religious body, founded in 1872, is best known for its vigorous evangelizing activity (both in the United States and abroad), an activity that most Americans are familiar with through door-to-door solicitation, usually accompanied by the sale or distribution of literature. Those techniques are responsible for many of the cases that reached the Supreme Court, though not for all of them. Widely persecuted both in the United States and abroad, especially in wartime (for the Witnesses decline to bear arms), the group continues to grow, with world membership now exceeding 4 million.
How dio composed his account of augustus’ reign (31 b.c.-a.d. 14)
Authors: Swan Peter Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reader of the Roman History from the morrow of Actium to Augustus’ death, i.e., Books 51-56, encounters a heterogeneous pastiche: some sixty year-accounts of widely variable character and length (from under twenty lines to over 500), entailing a medley of subgenres ranging from bare catalogues of events through dramatic military narratives to grandiloquent set speeches. How is one to approach this miscellany? In what follows I sketch the materials and methods that Dio used in composing it as the basis for an assessment of his historical authority that takes account of the critical adjustments needed as he shifts from subgenre to subgenre, each bringing its special problems as to source, reliability, and significance.
Parent-Child Synchrony and Adolescent Adjustment
Authors: Barber James G , Bolitho Floyd , Bertrand Lorne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the notion of interactional synchrony has received a great deal of attention in the developmental literature (Chu and Powers, 1995), most of the interest has centered on infants and their caregivers, particularly mothers. Synchrony has been variously defined depending on the context and intent of the research but all definitions share an emphasis on patterns of reciprocation or “give-and-take” between two interacting parties. More specifically, the available evidence suggests that successful parenting is associated with the caregiver’s capacity to see the world through the child’s eyes.
Parenting Stress and Externalizing Child Behavior
Authors: Morgan J , Robinson D , Aldridge J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on the relationship between parenting stress and children with externalizing behavior. Following an introduction to parenting stress and externalizing behavior, research that has investigated the predictors of parenting stress is reviewed. The third section addresses the consequences of high levels of parenting stress. Children perceived as having externalizing behaviors, characterized by problems such as inattention, defiance, impulsivity, and aggression, account for a significant proportion of referrals to child and adolescent clinic psychology services. Conduct disorder has been identified in 8.3% of referred children age 4–11, and in 14% of referred children age 12–16 (Offord 1987), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 16% of referred children (Taylor et al. 1996).
The Function of Fathers: What Poor Men Say about Fatherhood
Authors: Kost Kathleen A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The incidence of nonmarital parenting and divorce and their relationship to child poverty has brought renewed attention to the influence of fathers in the acquisition of skills and access to resources by their children (Duncan, Hill, & Yeung, 1996; Perloff & Buckner, 1996). While it is beyond the scope of this paper to detail the evolution of the paternal identity with its multiple functions and the subsequent growth of female-headed families, this paper addresses recent work on paternal identity and its implications for social policies affecting fathers. This research uses information obtained from interviews with poor young men who used General Assistance (GA), a cash assistance program primarily for single adults and childless couples.
Redefining Motherhood: Adaptation to Role Change for Women with AIDS
Authors: Loon Ruth Anne Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The unique experiences of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) illness have been the focus of recent research efforts. Psychosocial concerns, including finances, housing, isolation and stigma, sexuality, health issues, death and dying, and concern for their partners and children with HIV, were identified in early studies of women with AIDS (Buckingham & Rehm, 1987; Chung & Magraw, 1992; Kaspar, 1989; Ybarra, 1991; Zuckerman & Gordon, 1988). More recently, researchers have begun to detail processes of disclosure of HIV and AIDS status (Marcenko & Samost, 1999; Moneyham et al., 1996; Pliskin, Farrel, Crandles, & DeHovitz, 1993; Regan-Kubinski & Sharts-Hopko, 1995; Walker, 1998) and adaptation (DeMarco, Miller, Patsdaughter, Chisholm, & Grindel, 1998; Guillory, Sowell, Moneyham, & Seals, 1997; Nannis, Patterson, & Semple, 1997; van Servellen, Sarna, & Jablonski, 1998) and to point to benefits women find in the experience of HIV illness (Dunbar, Mueller, Medina, & Wolf, 1998).
The Long-term Outcome of Reunions between Adult Adopted People and Their Birth Mothers
Authors: Howe David , Feast Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although there is an established literature on adopted people who search for their birth relatives, little is known about the actual experience of contact and reunion. When the long-term view is taken of people’s reunion experiences, even less is understood. The subject matter is not only of practical interest to adopted people and those who counsel them on the search process; it also taps into deeper themes to do with biology and upbringing, nature and nurture, identity and belonging, connectedness and family relationships. What is the nature and origin of filial relationships? Are the ties of blood stronger and more compelling than the social bonds formed during childhood? A number of recent studies have followed adopted people’s experiences of searching and reunion beyond the initial contact.
Later-Life Transitions into Widowhood
Authors: Lee Cheryl D , Bakk Louanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The loss of one’s spouse can be described as the single most stressful life event. It is more stressful than a serious personal illness, separation, or divorce; being sentenced to prison; or living through the death of a parent or child (DiGiulio, 1989). In a pilot study of the social, emotional, service, and economic supports of widowed women, an assessment of 34 life events was included in the interview. Without exception, these widows, with a minimum of five years and a maximum of 10 years of widowhood, indicated that the loss of a spouse had affected them more than any other single life event (Matthews, 1991).
A New Understanding of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Alternate Concepts and Interventions
Authors: Yeschin Natalie J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary research and theories on the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are based on contrasting ideas and data. Some stud-ies test for neurological causation, searching for proof that ADHD can be traced to abnormalities in brain chemistry or anatomy. However, there is currently no consensus that ADHD is based solely on a specific neurological dysfunction. In contrast, the be-havioral symptoms of “inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity” are often interpreted as psychopathological (American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV, 1994). When behavioral problems accompanying, and integral to, the diagnosis of ADHD are defined solely as psychopathology, the individual acquires a pejorative, stigmatizing label.
Panic Disorder and Self States: Clinical and Research Illustrations
Authors: Mahoney Donna M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The view of panic disorder presented in this article is based on the assumption that panic functions as a signal of danger to the self and is comprised of various unconscious personal fantasies about the self. Based on self psychological theory, and particularly on Heinz Kohut (1977), it is purported that panic relates to selfobject failures (specifically empathic failures) which result in disorganization and fragmentation experiences. At issue is the explanation of panic offered by cognitive theorists, namely, the catastrophic misinterpretation construal. According to that model, panic results from a misattribution of somatic or psychological experiences misinterpreted as dangerous. Using clinical material from a single case report along with material from this author’s research, attempts will be made to demonstrate the applicability of self psychological tenets to the treatment of panic.