bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative metabolome analysis reveals higher potential of haemoperfusion adsorption in providing favourable outcome in ACLF patients
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Maiwal Rakhi , Kumar BR Vinay , Tripathi Gaurav , Sharma Neha , Sharma Nupur , Bindal Vasundhra , Mathew Babu , Pandey Sushmita , Singh Satender Pal , Tevathia Harsh Vardhan , Maras Jaswinder Singh , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a serious illness associated with altered metabolome, organ failure and high mortality. Need for therapies to improve the metabolic milieu and support liver regeneration are urgently needed.MethodsWe investigated the ability of haemoperfusion adsorption (HA) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in improving the metabolic profile and survival in ACLF patients. Altogether, 45 ACLF patients were randomized into three groups: standard medical therapy (SMT), HA and TPE groups. Plasma metabolomics was performed at baseline, post‐HA and TPE sessions on days 7 and 14 using high‐resolution mass spectrometry.ResultsThe baseline clinical/metabolic profiles of study groups were comparable. We identified 477 metabolites. Of these, 256 metabolites were significantly altered post 7 days of HA therapy (p < .05, FC > 1.5) and significantly reduced metabolites linked to purine (12 metabolites), tryptophan (7 metabolites), primary bile acid (6 metabolites) and arginine‐proline metabolism (6 metabolites) and microbial metabolism respectively (p < .05). Metabolites linked to taurine‐hypotaurine and histidine metabolism were reduced and temporal increase in metabolites linked to phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolism was observed post‐TPE therapy (p < .05). Finally, weighted metabolite correlation network analysis (WMCNA) along with inter/intragroup analysis confirmed significant reduction in inflammatory (tryptophan, arachidonic acid and bile acid metabolism) and secondary energy metabolic pathways post‐HA therapy compared to TPE and SMT (p < .05). Higher baseline plasma level of 11‐deoxycorticosterone (C03205; AUROC > 0.90, HR > 3.2) correlated with severity (r2 > 0.5, p < .05) and mortality (log‐rank‐p < .05). Notably, 51 of the 64 metabolite signatures (ACLF non‐survivor) were reversed post‐HA treatment compared to TPE and SMT(p < .05).ConclusionHA more potentially (~80%) improves plasma milieu compared to TPE and SMT. High baseline plasma 11‐deoxycorticosterone level correlates with early mortality in ACLF patients.
Impact of dietary ketosis on volatile anesthesia toxicity in a model of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Spencer Kira A. , Howe Miranda N. , Mulholland Michael T. , Truong Vivian , Liao Ryan W. , Chen Yihan , Setha Monyreak , Snell John C. , Hanaford Allison , James Katerina , Morgan Philip G. , Sedensky Margaret M. , Johnson Simon C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGenetic mitochondrial diseases impact over 1 in 4000 individuals, most often presenting in infancy or early childhood. Seizures are major clinical sequelae in some mitochondrial diseases including Leigh syndrome, the most common pediatric presentation of mitochondrial disease. Dietary ketosis has been used to manage seizures in mitochondrial disease patients. Mitochondrial disease patients often require surgical interventions, leading to anesthetic exposures. Anesthetics have been shown to be toxic in the setting of mitochondrial disease, but the impact of a ketogenic diet on anesthetic toxicities in this setting has not been studied.AimsOur aim in this study was to determine whether dietary ketosis impacts volatile anesthetic toxicities in the setting of genetic mitochondrial disease.MethodsThe impact of dietary ketosis on toxicities of volatile anesthetic exposure in mitochondrial disease was studied by exposing young Ndufs4(−/−) mice fed ketogenic or control diet to isoflurane anesthesia. Blood metabolites were measured before and at the end of exposures, and survival and weight were monitored.ResultsCompared to a regular diet, the ketogenic diet exacerbated hyperlactatemia resulting from isoflurane exposure (control vs. ketogenic diet in anesthesia mean difference 1.96 mM, Tukey's multiple comparison adjusted p = .0271) and was associated with a significant increase in mortality during and immediately after exposures (27% vs. 87.5% mortality in the control and ketogenic diet groups, respectively, during the exposure period, Fisher's exact test p = .0121). Our data indicate that dietary ketosis and volatile anesthesia interact negatively in the setting of mitochondrial disease.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that extra caution should be taken in the anesthetic management of mitochondrial disease patients in dietary ketosis.
Rules as data
Authors: Damonte Alessia , Bazzan Giulia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRules lie at the core of many disciplines beneath regulatory studies. Such a broad interest inevitably comes with fragmented understandings and technical choices that hinder knowledge cumulation and learning. This introduction tackles these limitations through an encompassing analytical blueprint from measurement theory. First, it addresses ambiguities to establish formal rules as a distinct research object. Then, it builds on legal, institutional analytic, and computational linguistic frameworks to pinpoint their constituting elements. Last, it revises strategies for assigning meaningful numbers to objects and outlines how the contributions to this Special Issue foster different aspects of the blueprint.
Seeking information about waste‐to‐energy incineration projects: The role of objective knowledge and benefit perceptions in an extended PRISM
Authors: Zeng Jing , Duan Hongyu , Zhou Zhonglin , Song Jingyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough waste‐to‐energy (WtE) incineration projects have boosted the economic effectiveness of the waste management system, locals frequently view them with suspicion, opposition, or even outright rejection because of potential environmental and health risks. In this study, by incorporating two additional variables, namely, objective knowledge and benefit perceptions, the planned risk information seeking model (PRISM) was extended in the context of the WtE incineration project. A total of 1726 respondents were interviewed in person. Results from the structural equation modeling indicated that the extended PRISM achieved excellent fits, suggesting the generalizability of the model in these contexts. Objective knowledge and subjective knowledge have a positive and direct impact on perceived knowledge insufficiency. The impact of benefit and risk perceptions on worry is the opposite, with risk perceptions having a greater direct effect on worry. However, compared with risk perceptions, the direct effect that benefit perceptions have on perceived knowledge insufficiency is stronger. Additionally, perceived knowledge insufficiency partially or completely mediates the relationships between all antecedents, except perceived seeking control, and information‐seeking intention. This study suggests that risk managers carefully consider how to establish powerful communication tactics to shape these antecedents when introducing a “not in my backyard” project to the local community.
Online discourse in the post‐ “new racism” era?: Toward a theory of colorblind nationalism
Authors: Brooks Marcus A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe literature on styles of racetalk, the way we talk about race in racist social structures, suggests that racial discourse is either covertly or overtly racist, with covert racism being dominant in the offline world and overt racism remaining dominant online. In this study I ask: is there a style of racetalk found in online discourse that does not fit within the covert/overt binary of racetalk that is present in the current literature. To address this research question, I draw on data from three social media platforms, TikTok, YouTube, and Twitter, and examine two racialized popular discourses, the cancellation of Aunt Jemima and the debates over Critical Race Theory. I find that among conservative social media users, but not liberals, neither overt nor covert styles of racetalk, describe the character of the racial discourse in my data. Instead, I find a distinct style of racetalk with three characteristics: (1) Conservative social media users draw politicized boundaries which frame Black people as part of their ingroup and leftists as an outgroup, (2) The members of the political ingroup, white conservatives and Black people, share a common threat from the political outgroup, and (3) The political ingroup should represent a multiracial political coalition who supports conservative politicians and causes. I introduce Colorblind Nationalism as a theory of politicized racetalk which situates these findings within our current socio‐political context and creates avenues for future research.
Emphysematous pyometra and emphysematous hepatitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a diabetic dog
Authors: Palomares Anna , Espada Yvonne , Tobón Restrepo Mauricio , Abarca Maria Lourdes , Torrente Carlos , Martino Laura , Viñeta Clàudia , Roura Xavier , Novellas Rosa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 14‐year‐old intact female diabetic dog presented with seizures and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Radiographs revealed gas‐filled tubular structures in the right and left caudal abdomen, raising concerns of emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal ileus. Ultrasonography played a pivotal role in confirming emphysematous pyometra, a technique previously documented only once in veterinary practice. This report also presents the first documented case of emphysematous pyometra in a diabetic dog attributed to Klebsiella pneumoniae and complicated by emphysematous hepatitis.
An exercise physiologist's guide to metabolomics
Authors: Owens Daniel J. , Bennett Samuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe field of exercise physiology has undergone significant technological advancements since the pioneering works of exercise physiologists in the early to mid‐20th century. Historically, the ability to detect metabolites in biofluids from exercising participants was limited to single‐metabolite analyses. However, the rise of metabolomics, a discipline focused on the comprehensive analysis of metabolites within a biological system, has facilitated a more intricate understanding of metabolic pathways and networks in exercise. This review explores some of the pivotal technological and bioinformatic advancements that have propelled metabolomics to the forefront of exercise physiology research. Metabolomics offers a unique ‘fingerprint’ of cellular activity, offering a broader spectrum than traditional single‐metabolite assays. Techniques, including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have significantly improved the speed and sensitivity of metabolite analysis. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including study design and data interpretation issues. This review aims to serve as a guide for exercise physiologists to facilitate better research design, data analysis and interpretation within metabolomics. The potential of metabolomics in bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype is emphasised, underscoring the critical importance of careful study design and the selection of appropriate metabolomics techniques. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need to deeply understand the broader scientific context to discern meaningful metabolic changes. The emerging field of fluxomics, which seeks to quantify metabolic reaction rates, is also introduced as a promising avenue for future research.
Bacterial nucleoid is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma
Authors: Kuzminov Andrei 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial chromosome, the nucleoid, is traditionally modeled as a rosette of DNA mega-loops, organized around proteinaceous central scaffold by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), and mixed with the cytoplasm by transcription and translation. Electron microscopy of fixed cells confirms dispersal of the cloud-like nucleoid within the ribosome-filled cytoplasm. Here, I discuss evidence that the nucleoid in live cells forms DNA phase separate from riboprotein phase, the “riboid.” I argue that the nucleoid-riboid interphase, where DNA interacts with NAPs, transcribing RNA polymerases, nascent transcripts, and ssRNA chaperones, forms the transcription zone. An active part of phase separation, transcription zone enforces segregation of the centrally positioned information phase (the nucleoid) from the surrounding action phase (the riboid), where translation happens, protein accumulates, and metabolism occurs. I speculate that HU NAP mostly tiles up the nucleoid periphery—facilitating DNA mobility but also supporting transcription in the interphase. Besides extruding plectonemically supercoiled DNA mega-loops, condensins could compact them into solenoids of uniform rings, while HU could support rigidity and rotation of these DNA rings. The two-phase cytoplasm arrangement allows the bacterial cell to organize the central dogma activities, where (from the cell center to its periphery) DNA replicates and segregates, DNA is transcribed, nascent mRNA is handed over to ribosomes, mRNA is translated into proteins, and finally, the used mRNA is recycled into nucleotides at the inner membrane. The resulting information-action conveyor, with one activity naturally leading to the next one, explains the efficiency of prokaryotic cell design—even though its main intracellular transportation mode is free diffusion.
Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Noetel Michael , Sanders Taren , Gallardo-Gómez Daniel , Taylor Paul , del Pozo Cruz Borja , van den Hoek Daniel , Smith Jordan J , Mahoney John , Spathis Jemima , Moresi Mark , Pagano Rebecca , Pagano Lisa , Vasconcellos Roberta , Arnott Hugh , Varley Benjamin , Parker Philip , Biddle Stuart , Lonsdale Chris 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To identify the optimal dose and modality of exercise for treating major depressive disorder, compared with psychotherapy, antidepressants, and control conditions.

Design
Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Methods
Screening, data extraction, coding, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. Bayesian arm based, multilevel network meta-analyses were performed for the primary analyses. Quality of the evidence for each arm was graded using the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) online tool.

Data sources
Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Any randomised trial with exercise arms for participants meeting clinical cut-offs for major depression.

Results
218 unique studies with a total of 495 arms and 14 170 participants were included. Compared with active controls (eg, usual care, placebo tablet), moderate reductions in depression were found for walking or jogging (n=1210, κ=51, Hedges’ g −0.62, 95% credible interval −0.80 to −0.45), yoga (n=1047, κ=33, g −0.55, −0.73 to −0.36), strength training (n=643, κ=22, g −0.49, −0.69 to −0.29), mixed aerobic exercises (n=1286, κ=51, g −0.43, −0.61 to −0.24), and tai chi or qigong (n=343, κ=12, g −0.42, −0.65 to −0.21). The effects of exercise were proportional to the intensity prescribed. Strength training and yoga appeared to be the most acceptable modalities. Results appeared robust to publication bias, but only one study met the Cochrane criteria for low risk of bias. As a result, confidence in accordance with CINeMA was low for walking or jogging and very low for other treatments.

Conclusions
Exercise is an effective treatment for depression, with walking or jogging, yoga, and strength training more effective than other exercises, particularly when intense. Yoga and strength training were well tolerated compared with other treatments. Exercise appeared equally effective for people with and without comorbidities and with different baseline levels of depression. To mitigate expectancy effects, future studies could aim to blind participants and staff. These forms of exercise could be considered alongside psychotherapy and antidepressants as core treatments for depression.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42018118040.
Off-pump injectable versus on-pump conventional tissue valves for pulmonary valve replacement: the injectable valve implantation randomised trial (INVITE)
Authors: Heys Rachael , Walker-Smith Terrie , Evans Rebecca , Caputo Massimo , Culliford Lucy , Reeves Barnaby , Rogers Chris , Turner Mark , Hamilton Mark , Sheehan Karen , Viola Nicola , Stoica Serban , Wright Kim , Angelini Gianni , Parry Andrew 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of injectable tissue pulmonary valve compared with standard pulmonary valve in patients requiring pulmonary valve replacement surgery.DesignA multicentre, single-blind, parallel two-group randomised controlled trial. Participants were blind to their allocation. Follow-up continued for 6 months. Randomised allocations were generated by a computer using block randomisation, stratified by centre.SettingTwo National Health Service secondary care centres in the UK.ParticipantsPeople aged 12–80 years requiring pulmonary valve replacement.InterventionsParticipants were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to injectable pulmonary valve replacement (IPVR) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or standard pulmonary valve replacement (SPVR) with CPB.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was chest drainage volume over the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital clinical outcomes; valve and heart function 6 months postsurgery and health-related quality of life 6 weeks and 6 months postsurgery.ResultsNineteen participants agreed to take part. Eleven were allocated to IPVR and eight to SPVR. The trial was stopped before the target sample size of 60 participants was reached due to challenges in recruitment. The primary analysis includes all randomised participants; there were no withdrawals. Chest drain volume 24 hours after surgery was on average 277.6 mL lower with IPVR (IPVR mean 340.0 mL; SPVR mean 633.8 mL; mean difference, −277.6; 95% CI, −484.0 to −71.2; p=0.005). There were no statistically significant differences in time to readiness for extubation (p=0.476), time to fitness for discharge (p=0.577) and time to first discharge from the intensive care unit (p=0.209). Six participants with IPVR required CPB. Safety profiles and quality of life scores were similar.ConclusionsIPVR reduced chest drain volume despite >50% of participants requiring CPB. There was no evidence of any other benefit of IPVR.Trial registration numberISRCTN23538073.
Multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial of systematic corticosteroid therapy in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to hospital with higher eosinophil levels: the ECHO protocol
Authors: Liang Lirong , Lin Yingxiang , Feng Lin , Shao Shuai , Cao Siyu , Rong Hengmo , Chu Shuilian , Xie Wuxiang , Cai Samuel , Wang Jiawen , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionCorticosteroid is one of the most commonly used medications in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The increasing understanding of these side-effects of systematic corticosteroids and their better response to treatment among patients with COPD with higher blood eosinophil counts has led to an interest in a more targeted approach to systematic corticosteroid treatment. However, there is a lack of evidence from high-quality randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies about whether initial systematic corticosteroids should be given to patients with AECOPD with elevated eosinophilia. The aim of the present research was to test this hypothesis.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, double-blind, superiority RCT in the respiratory departments of 12 general hospitals in China. It is anticipated that 456 patients with AECOPD with a blood eosinophil count >2% or >300 cells/µL at admission will be recruited. Eligible patients will be randomised (1:1) to the intervention group receiving 40 mg oral prednisone daily or identical-appearing placebo (control group) for five consecutive days. Follow-up visits are performed during hospitalisation, followed by clinic interviews on days 30, 60 and 90 after discharge. The primary outcome is treatment failure rates comprising requiring or receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation, requiring or transferring to intensive care unit during the index hospitalisation, length of index hospitalisation longer than 14 days, death during the index hospitalisation or within 30 days after discharge and readmission with acute exacerbations of COPD within 30 days after discharge. The results of this trial will provide insight into the value of using blood eosinophil counts as a biomarker of eosinophilic exacerbation and initiating systematic corticosteroid treatment for patients with AECOPD with higher eosinophil levels.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Institutional Review Board (approval number: 2020-KE-544) and the main results and secondary results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05059873.
Pooling of primary care electronic health record (EHR) data on Huntington’s disease (HD) and cancer: establishing comparability of two large UK databases
Authors: Dedman Daniel , Williams Rachael , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Douglas Ian J 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo explore whether UK primary care databases arising from two different software systems can be feasibly combined, by comparing rates of Huntington’s disease (HD, which is rare) and 14 common cancers in the two databases, as well as characteristics of people with these conditions.DesignDescriptive study.SettingPrimary care electronic health records from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD and CPRD Aurum databases, with linked hospital admission and death registration data.Participants4986 patients with HD and 1 294 819 with an incident cancer between 1990 and 2019.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncidence and prevalence of HD by calendar period, age group and region, and annual age-standardised incidence of 14 common cancers in each database, and in a subset of ‘overlapping’ practices which contributed to both databases. Characteristics of patients with HD or incident cancer: medical history, recent prescribing, healthcare contacts and database follow-up.ResultsIncidence and prevalence of HD were slightly higher in CPRD GOLD than CPRD Aurum, but with similar trends over time. Cancer incidence in the two databases differed between 1990 and 2000, but converged and was very similar thereafter. Participants in each database were most similar in terms of medical history (median standardised difference, MSD 0.03 (IQR 0.01–0.03)), recent prescribing (MSD 0.06 (0.03–0.10)) and demographics and general health variables (MSD 0.05 (0.01–0.09)). Larger differences were seen for healthcare contacts (MSD 0.27 (0.10–0.41)), and database follow-up (MSD 0.39 (0.19–0.56)).ConclusionsDifferences in cancer incidence trends between 1990 and 2000 may relate to use of a practice-level data quality filter (the ‘up-to-standard’ date) in CPRD GOLD only. As well as the impact of data curation methods, differences in underlying data models can make it more challenging to define exactly equivalent clinical concepts in each database. Researchers should be aware of these potential sources of variability when planning combined database studies and interpreting results.