bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐1J potentiates heat‐activated currents in rat sensory neurons: involvement of IL‐1RI, tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase C
Authors: Obreja Otilia , Rathee Parvinder K. , Lips Kathrin S. , Distler Carsten , Kress Michaela 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTInterleukin 1β (IL‐1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine that maintains thermal hyperalgesia and facilitates the release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide from rat cutaneous nociceptors in vivo and in vitro. Brief applications of IL‐1β to nociceptive neurons yielded a potentiation of heat‐activated inward currents (Iheat) and a shift of activation threshold toward lower temperature without altering intracellular calcium levels. The IL‐1β‐induced heat sensitization was not dependent on G‐protein‐coupled receptors but was mediated by activation of protein kinases. The nonspecific protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, the specific protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide BIM1, and the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein reduced the sensitizing effect of IL‐1β whereas negative controls were ineffective. RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization revealed IL‐1RI but not RII expression in neurons rather than surrounding satellite cells in rat dorsal root ganglia. IL‐1β acts on sensory neurons to increase their susceptibility for noxious heat via an IL‐1RI/PTK/ PKC‐dependent mechanism.—Obreja, O., Rathee, P. K., Lips, K. S., Distler, C., Kress, M. IL‐1J potentiates heat‐activated currents in rat sensory neurons: involvement of IL‐1RI, tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase C. FASEB J. 16, 1497–1503 (2002)
Physiological role of tumor necrosis factor α in traumatic muscle injury
Authors: Warren Gordon L. , Hulderman Tracy , Jensen Nancy , McKinstry Michael , Mishra Michael , Luster Michael I. , Simeonova Petia P. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe degenerative and regenerative roles of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic functions, were investigated by using TNF receptor 1 and 2 double knockout (TNFR‐DKO) and TNF‐α antibody neutralized mice following traumatic freeze injury to the tibialis anterior muscle. In wild‐type control mice, TNF‐α mRNA transcripts and protein increased following injury and gradually returned to control (uninjured) levels by 13 days. A reduction in MyoD mRNA expression occurred in TNF–α‐deficient mice, although there were no visible differences in MyoD immunostaining or histological characteristics in regenerating muscles. At 5 days post‐injury, the reductions in isometric strength in TNFR‐DKO and TNF–α‐depleted mice did not differ from that of wild‐type mice but by 13 days after injury, the TNFR‐DKO and TNF–αdepleted mice exhibited strength deficits twice that of wild‐type mice (i.e., 27–31% vs 13%). Muscle injury was also accompanied by increased expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), but IL–6‐deficient mice demonstrated MyoD expression and recovery of isometric strength similar to that of wild‐type mice. These data indicate that TNF‐α is involved in the recovery of muscle function after traumatic muscle injury, and this effect might be associated with modulation of muscle regulatory genes, including MyoD.
Protection of innate immunity by C5aR antagonist in septic mice
Authors: Huber‐Lang Markus S. , Riedeman Niels C. , Sarma J. Vidya , Younkin Ellen M. , McGuire Stephanie R. , Laudes Ines J. , Lu Kristina T. , Guo Ren‐Feng , Neff Thomas A. , Padgaonkar Vaishalee A. , Lambris John D. , Spruce L. , Mastellos D. , Zetoune Firas S. , Ward Peter A. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTInnate immune functions are known to be compromised during sepsis, often with lethal consequences. There is also evidence in rats that sepsis is associated with excessive complement activation and generation of the potent anaphylatoxin C5a. In the presence of a cyclic peptide antagonist (C5aRa) to the C5a receptor (C5aR), the binding of murine 125I‐C5a to murine neutrophils was reduced, the in vitro chemotactic responses of mouse neutrophils to mouse C5a were markedly diminished, the acquired defect in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production of C5a‐exposed neutrophils was reversed, and the lung permeability index (extravascular leakage of albumin) in mice after intrapulmonary deposition of IgG immune complexes was markedly diminished. Mice that developed sepsis after cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) and were treated with C5aRa had greatly improved survival rates. These data suggest that C5aRa interferes with neutrophil responses to C5a, preventing C5a‐induced compromise of innate immunity during sepsis, with greatly improved survival rates after CLP.—Huber‐Lang, M. S., Riedeman, N. C., Sarma, J. V., Younkin, E. M., McGuire, S. R., Laudes, I. J., Lu, K. T., Guo, R.‐F., Neff, T. A., Padgaonkar, V. A., Lambris, J. D., Spruce, L., Mastellos, D., Zetoune, F. S., Ward, P. A. Protection of innate immunity by C5aR antagonist in septic mice. FASEB J. 16, 1567–1574 (2002)
Function of β‐amyloid in cholesterol transport: a lead to neurotoxicity
Authors: Yao Zhi‐Xing , Papadopoulos Vassilios 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTAmyloid β‐peptide (Aβ), Aβ precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E (apoE), and elevated cholesterol levels have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. High cholesterol levels increase APP and apoE expression in human NT2 neuron progenitor cells. A cholesterol‐ rich environment also induces processing of APP, leading to the formation of Aβ and Aβ peptide fragments. Using a novel method, we determined that 1) cholesterol binds to Aβ at a‐secretase cleavage site; 2) Aβ17–40 rather than Aβ1–40 prevents cholesterol from binding to apoE; 3) Aβ1–40 inhibits cholesterol from binding to low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), leading to decrease cholesterol influx and intracellular cholesterol levels; 4) the binding of cholesterol to apoE or LDL was abolished completely in presence of Aβ1–42. Increased extracellular free cholesterol levels are toxic to neurons; this toxicity is prevented by specific lipoproteins, such as high‐ density lipoproteins, which maintain their ability to bind cholesterol in the presence of Aβ. We propose that one of the physiological functions of Aβ and APP is to control cholesterol transport. AD is associated with increased Aβ production. High cholesterol levels also lead to overproduction of Aβ. Aβ blocks cholesterol trafficking and changes cholesterol homeostasis leading to neurodegeneration and the onset and/or progression of AD pathology.
Escherichia coliInsertion Sequence IS150: Transposition via Circular and Linear Intermediates
Authors: Haas Markus , Rak Bodo 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTIS150, a member of the widespread IS3family, contains two consecutive out-of-phase open reading frames,orfAandorfB, that partially overlap. These open reading frames encode three proteins, InsA, InsB, and the InsAB protein, which is jointly encoded by both open reading frames by means of programmed translational frameshifting. We demonstrate that the InsAB protein represents the IS150element's transposase. In vivo, the wild-type IS150element generates circular excision products and linear IS150molecules. Circular and linear species have previously been detected with mutant derivatives of other members of the IS3family. Our finding supports the assumption that these products represent true transposition intermediates of members of this family. Analysis of the molecular nature of these two species suggested that the circular forms are precursors of the linear molecules. Elimination of InsA synthesis within the otherwise intact element led to accumulation of large amounts of the linear species, indicating that the primary role of InsA may be to prevent abortive production of the linear species and to couple generation of these species to productive insertion events.
A Single Nucleotide Exchange in the
wzy
Gene Is Responsible for the Semirough O6 Lipopolysaccharide Phenotype and Serum Sensitivity of
Escherichia coli
Strain Nissle 1917
Authors: Grozdanov Lubomir , Zähringer Ulrich , Blum-Oehler Gabriele , Brade Lore , Henne Anke , Knirel Yuriy A. , Schombel Ursula , Schulze Jürgen , Sonnenborn Ulrich , Gottschalk Gerhard , Hacker Jörg , Rietschel Ernst T. , Dobrindt Ulrich 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

Structural analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from semirough, serum-sensitive
Escherichia coli
strain Nissle 1917 (DSM 6601, serotype O6:K5:H1) revealed that this strain's LPS contains a bisphosphorylated hexaacyl lipid A and a tetradecasaccharide consisting of one
E
.
coli
O6 antigen repeating unit attached to the R1-type core. Configuration of the GlcNAc glycosidic linkage between O-antigen oligosaccharide and core (β) differs from that interlinking the repeating units in the
E
.
coli
O6 antigen polysaccharide (α). The
wa∗
and
wb∗
gene clusters of strain Nissle 1917, required for LPS core and O6 repeating unit biosyntheses, were subcloned and sequenced. The DNA sequence of the
wa∗
determinant (11.8 kb) shows 97% identity to other R1 core type-specific
wa∗
gene clusters. The DNA sequence of the
wb∗
gene cluster (11 kb) exhibits no homology to known DNA sequences except
manC
and
manB
. Comparison of the genetic structures of the
wb∗
O6
(
wb∗
from serotype O6) determinants of strain Nissle 1917 and of smooth and serum-resistant uropathogenic
E
.
coli
O6 strain 536 demonstrated that the putative open reading frame encoding the O-antigen polymerase Wzy of strain Nissle 1917 was truncated due to a point mutation. Complementation with a functional
wzy
copy of
E
.
coli
strain 536 confirmed that the semirough phenotype of strain Nissle 1917 is due to the nonfunctional
wzy
gene. Expression of a functional
wzy
gene in
E
.
coli
strain Nissle 1917 increased its ability to withstand antibacterial defense mechanisms of blood serum. These results underline the importance of LPS for serum resistance or sensitivity of
E
.
coli
.
Inducible Control of Virulence Gene Expression inListeria monocytogenes: Temporal Requirement of Listeriolysin O during Intracellular Infection
Authors: Dancz Christina E. , Haraga Andrea , Portnoy Daniel A. , Higgins Darren E. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTWe have constructed alacrepressor/operator-based system to tightly regulate expression of bacterial genes during intracellular infection byListeria monocytogenes. AnL. monocytogenesstrain was constructed in which expression of listeriolysin O was placed under the inducible control of an isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-dependent promoter. Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a pore-forming cytolysin that mediates lysis ofL. monocytogenes-containing phagosomes. Using hemolytic-activity assays and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated dose-dependent IPTG induction of LLO during growth in broth culture. Moreover, intracellular growth of the inducible-LLO (iLLO) strain in the macrophage-like cell line J774 was strictly dependent upon IPTG. We have further shown that iLLO bacteria trapped within primary phagocytic vacuoles can be induced to escape into the cytosol following addition of IPTG to the cell culture medium, thus yielding the ability to control bacterial escape from the phagosome and the initiation of intracellular growth. Using the iLLO strain in plaque-forming assays, we demonstrated an additional requirement for LLO in facilitating cell-to-cell spread in L2 fibroblasts, a nonprofessional phagocytic cell line. Furthermore, the efficiency of cell-to-cell spread of iLLO bacteria in L2 cells was IPTG dose dependent. The potential use of this system for determining the temporal requirements of additional virulence determinants of intracellular pathogenesis is discussed.
Roles of PucR, GlnR, and TnrA in Regulating Expression of the
Bacillus subtilis
ure
P3 Promoter
Authors: Brandenburg Jaclyn L. , Wray, Lewis V. , Beier Lars , Jarmer Hanne , Saxild Hans H. , Fisher Susan H. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

Expression of the P3 promoter of the
Bacillus subtilis ureABC
operon is activated during nitrogen-limited growth by PucR, the transcriptional regulator of the purine-degradative genes. Addition of allantoic acid, a purine-degradative intermediate, to nitrogen-limited cells stimulated transcription of
ure
P3 twofold. Since urea is produced during purine degradation in
B. subtilis
, regulation of
ureABC
expression by PucR allows purines to be completely degraded to ammonia. The nitrogen transcription factor TnrA was found to indirectly regulate
ure
P3 expression by activating
pucR
expression. The two consensus GlnR/TnrA binding sites located in the
ure
P3 promoter region were shown to be required for negative regulation by GlnR. Mutational analysis indicates that a cooperative interaction occurs between GlnR dimers bound at these two sites.
B. subtilis
is the first example where urease expression is both nitrogen regulated and coordinately regulated with the enzymes involved in purine transport and degradation.
Emotional arousal and gender differences in aggression: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Knight George P. , Guthrie Ivanna K. , Page Melanie C. , Fabes Richard A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis meta‐analysis investigated the possibility that gender differences in aggression, and the variability in these differences, are a function of gender differences in the regulation of arousal generated in emotionally evocative contexts. The sample of studies for this analysis was based on an exhaustive search of the relevant research reports from 1965–1999. Studies were excluded from the sample if they were case studies; investigated spousal/familial or societal violence, war, suicide, or political violence; involved clinical or deviant participants; included fewer than 10 participants; included all male, all female, all non‐Caucasian, or non‐US/non‐Canadian participants. Based on previous evidence that males may be more easily aroused by aggressive‐relevant emotional stimuli than females, and that males may have more difficulty regulating emotionally arousing states than females, we hypothesized that the magnitude of the gender differences in aggression would covary, in a nonlinear manner, with the emotional evocativeness of the study context. Consistent with our hypothesis, the magnitude of gender differences in aggression was relatively small in research contexts that appeared to produce no or large increments in emotional arousal and larger (favoring males) in contexts that appeared to produce small or medium increments in emotional arousal. Aggr. Behav. 28:366–393, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occurrence of acute monocytic leukemia in a case of untreated Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Murashige Naoko , Tabanda Rosa , Zalusky Ralph 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia is a rare complication of untreated Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Although two such cases have been reported, occurrence of acute monocytic leukemia, FAB M5b subtype, in a patient with untreated Waldenström's macroglobulinemia has not been reported. The patient had distinct foci with clear demarcation of lymphoid infiltrates and myeloid infiltrates in the bone marrow, representing Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and acute monocytic leukemia, indicating the concurrence of two primary malignancies. Am. J. Hematol. 71:94–97, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The decision to continue: The experiences and needs of parents who receive a prenatal diagnosis of holoprosencephaly
Authors: Redlinger‐Grosse Krista , Bernhardt Barbara A. , Berg Kate , Muenke Maximilian , Biesecker Barbara B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHoloprosencephaly (HPE) is a condition characterized by a defect in the development of the midline embryonic forebrain. When detected prenatally, the diagnosis of HPE offers parents a poor but often uncertain prognosis. Since the majority of parents receiving a prenatal diagnosis of an abnormality terminate their pregnancies, few studies have examined parents' experiences and needs surrounding the decision to continue a pregnancy. We present a descriptive study of in‐depth interviews with 24 parents who chose to continue their pregnancy after receiving a prenatal diagnosis of HPE. Parents were asked about their decision‐making process to continue the pregnancy. Qualitative analysis was used to identify common themes that emerged from these parents' experiences. The results suggest that most parents did not make an active decision about continuing the pregnancy. Rather, they described a more subtle decision‐making process that evolved over time and consisted of several factors. These factors included the parents' religious and personal beliefs, past experiences, and the uncertainty involved in the diagnosis of HPE. Throughout the decision‐making process, they described informational, emotional, and supportive needs from family, friends, and health professionals. All of these factors contributed to the evolution of the parents' decision to continue the pregnancy and the acceptance of their decision. Results of this exploratory study suggest health care professionals need to work with parents as they make their decision to continue an affected pregnancy. The results also provide the groundwork for prospective investigation into parents' decision‐making process as they receive and adjust to prenatal diagnoses of an abnormality. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of nonsyndromic Wilms tumor with premature centromere division (PCD)
Authors: Méhes K. , Kajtár P. , Kosztolányi G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWilms tumor was discovered in a 22‐month‐old otherwise healthy girl. Her pretreatment karyotype proved to be normal 46,XX with total premature division (PCD) in 21% of her lymphocyte mitoses. This phenomenon was not seen in the parents. PCD was found in less than 4% of lymphocyte mitoses of five other children with Wilms tumor. The individual finding provides further evidence for a relation of PCD to tumorigenesis; however, elucidation of the question needs further systematic studies.
Agnathia‐otocephaly complex: Report of three cases with involvement of two different Carnegie stages
Authors: Schiffer Christiane , Tariverdian Gholamali , Schiesser Monika , Thomas Mary C. , Sergi Consolato 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree fetuses with agnathia‐otocephaly complex representing different degrees of embryonic maldevelopment are reported. The study of the three cases and of the anterior embryonic disc supports the concept that an altered embryologic development might have taken place at Carnegie stages 10 (embryonic days 22 or 23) and 11 (embryonic days 23–26). Karyotypic abnormalities and aberrant gene expression of sonic hedgehog and paired‐related homeobox genes are discussed as the cytogenetic and molecular basis of agnathia‐otocephaly complex. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphedema–lymphangiectasia–mental retardation (Hennekam) syndrome: A review
Authors: Van Balkom Inge D.C. , Alders Mariel , Allanson Judith , Bellini Carlo , Frank Ulrich , De Jong Greetje , Kolbe Ingeborg , Lacombe Didier , Rockson Stan , Rowe Peter , Wijburg Frits , Hennekam Raoul C.M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Hennekam syndrome is an infrequently reported heritable entity characterized by lymphedema, lymphangiectasia, and developmental delay. Here we add an additional 8 patients, and compare their findings to the 16 cases from the literature. The lymphedema is usually congenital, can be markedly asymmetrical, and, often, gradually progressive. Complications such as erysipelas are common. The lymphangiectasias are present in the intestines, but have also been found in the pleura, pericardium, thyroid gland, and kidney. Several patients have demonstrated congenital cardiac and blood vessel anomalies, pointing to a disturbance of angiogenesis in at least some of the patients. Facial features are variable, and are chiefly characterized, in a typical patient, by a flat face, flat and broad nasal bridge, and hypertelorism. Facial features are thought to mirror the extent of intrauterine facial lymphedema, or may be caused by lymphatic obstruction that affects the early migration of neural crest tissue. Other anomalies have included glaucoma, dental anomalies, hearing loss, and renal anomalies. The psychomotor development varies widely, even within a single family, from almost normal development to severe mental retardation. Convulsions are common. The existence of 10 familial cases, equal sex ratio, increased parental consanguinity rate (4/20 families), and absence of vertical transmission are consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. It seems likely that most (but not all) manifestations of the entity can be explained as sequences of impaired prenatal and postnatal lymphatic flow, suggesting that the causative gene(s) should have a major function in lymphangiogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digesta passage and fiber digestibility in captive white‐faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia)
Authors: Norconk Marilyn A. , Oftedal Olav T. , POWER Michael L. , JAKUBASZ Michael , Savage Anne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWild white‐faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) ingest primarily seeds that provide a diet that is lipid‐rich and moderately high in dietary fiber. Although little anatomical information is available on sakis, evidence from other vertebrate seed predators suggests that such a diet is correlated with adaptations in gut morphology or physiology. Milton [1984] reported a 20 hr transit time (TT=transit time or time of first appearance in feces) of a particulate marker for a single monk saki (Pithecia monachus). This suggests that TT for Pithecia sakis may be four to five times longer than what has been reported for soft‐fruit‐eating platyrrhines, such as Ateles and Cebus. During a captive study, we calculated an average TT of 14.7±0.4hr (n=5 trials started in the evening) for a chromic oxide (Cr2O3) marker that follows liquid digesta and TTs of 14.5hr (trial started the previous evening) and 23.0hr (trial started the previous morning) for two trials using particulate markers. Mean retention time (MRT) for the liquid marker ranged from 15.3hr to 37.7hr in four trials that lasted longer than 90hr. Marker recovery was incomplete for the particulate markers in these trials, and thus MRT could only be determined for the liquid phase marker. Three 5‐day trials on a low‐fiber, blended diet revealed high fiber fraction digestibilities (neutral detergent fiber (NDF)=77.4% and acid detergent fiber (ADF)=74.4%). Data collected for this study and nutritional data from wild sakis suggest that pitheciin seed predators may have a potential for fiber digestibility that is intermediate between ripe‐pulp frugivores and folivores. Am. J. Primatol. 58:23–34, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paleodemographic comparison of a catastrophic and an attritional death assemblage
Authors: Margerison Beverley J. , Knüsel Christopher J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this contribution is to examine the effect of an indiscriminate epidemic on a population to assess whether or not a catastrophic event can be identified from examination of paleodemographic data. Using paleodemographic techniques, the death assemblage from the Royal Mint site, London, a Black Death cemetery dated 1349 AD, is compared with that from St. Helen‐on‐the‐Walls, York, which dates from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries AD. The Royal Mint site represents a catastrophic cemetery, while that of St. Helen‐on‐the‐Walls is of an attritional type. Certain features of the paleodemographic profile of the plague victims suggest that the population had been affected by factors other than natural wastage. Three factors are proposed which may define an indiscriminate catastrophic event in preindustrial populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:134–143, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.