bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: de Roo Eline G. , Koopman Sanne B. , Janssen Thijs W. , Aertssen Wendy F.M. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a major cause of movement disorders in pediatric rehabilitation. Current treatments are often invasive and may lead to substantial discomfort. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) presents a potential alternative, offering a less invasive approach with a reduced side effect profile. However, the impact of ESWT on children with CP remains unclear. This systematic review aims to summarize the current evidence on ESWT’s impact in children with spastic CP across various domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth.

Method:
To answer the main question, a systematic literature study is used. The studies, collected from four databases, were screened and data on outcome measures and methodological quality were extracted. Effect sizes were calculated to facilitate study comparison.

Results:
In total, twelve randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria, with PEDro scores ranging from three to eight. The combined study population included 421 children. Positive effects were observed on resistance to passive movements, passive range of motion, and gross motor skills, with effect sizes ranging from moderate (0.65) to very large (7.69).

Conclusion:
ESWT demonstrated positive effects across multiple domains in children with spastic CP.
A Novel Technique for rapid localization of pulmonary nodules on-site in Operating Room Followed by Lung Resection: a Case Series
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Chengcheng , Zeng Weibiao , Lin Dong , Fan Jiang , Wu Liang 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The localization of pulmonary nodules is crucial for surgical intervention. However, a safe, simple, and efficient method remains elusive. This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a newly developed preoperative localization method for pulmonary nodules called Rapid Localization of Pulmonary Nodules On-Site (RLPN-OS).

Methods:
This study is a single-center, single-arm prospective investigation that collects and analyses the clinical data of patients who underwent RLPN-OS and lung resection, primarily evaluating the safety and feasibility of this technique.

Results:
A total of 200 lung nodules from 190 patients who underwent RLPN-OS and partial lobectomy were included in this study. The success rate of localization was 98.0%, and minor intercostal bleeding was observed in 3 cases (1.5%). All targeted lesions were located and resected successfully. No patients reported experiencing anxiety or pain during or after the procedure.

Conclusions:
This novel RLPN-OS technology represents a safe, feasible, patient-friendly, and cost-effective method for lung nodule localization. It has the potential to serve as an alternative to traditional CT-guided percutaneous localization techniques.
Motorcycle and Equestrian Trauma: An ACS TQIP Comparative Study
Authors: Ross Daniel E. , Ghodasara Satyam K. , Roskam Justin S. , Gaccione Amanda G. , DiFazio Louis T. , Bilaniuk Jaroslaw W. , Nemeth Zoltan H. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Motorcycle and equestrian accidents can share similar trauma mechanisms and can result in serious injuries.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to analyze variations in injuries and safety standards through types, severity, and outcomes of traumatic injuries in both motorcycle and equestrian riders.

METHODS:
Using the 2020 ACS TQIP database, we split patients into two groups based on their primary injury. We chose codes V28 and V80.0 to identify non-collision fall or throw injuries for motorcycle and equestrian accidents respectively. A total of 17,730 motorcycle and 5,461 equestrian patients were identified.

RESULTS:
Motorcyclists were more likely to experience external/superficial injuries (41.34% vs. 29.08%, p < .001) and chest trauma (5.15% vs. 3.18%, p < .001), while equestrian trauma resulted in more injuries to the abdomen and pelvic content (24.07% vs. 15.75%, p < .001), extremities and pelvic girdle (9.85% vs. 4.98%, p < .001), and head/neck (15.57% vs. 12.16%, p < .001) comparatively. Motorcyclists also had a higher average length of inpatient stay (6.06 (8.03) vs. 4.32 (4.23) days, p < .001). Helmet use was more common among motorcyclists than horseback riders (57.79% vs. 24.24%, p < .001). The average injury severity score between the two groups was not significantly different.

CONCLUSION:
These data show the different injuries observed between both activities and the need for increased safety equipment, especially in the case of hip and pelvic injuries among equestrians. The low rate of helmet, especially among equestrian riders, is concerning despite broad education regarding their benefits.
Experiences of Nurse Managers in the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey Earthquakes: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Koroglu Kaba Nagihan , Bal Betul , Ozturk Havva 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Nurse managers play a critical role in disaster response and management; yet research on their experiences in earthquakes remains limited.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurse managers in the Kahramanmaras, Turkey, earthquakes.

METHODS:
A phenomenological approach was used to guide this study, exploring the lived experiences of nurse managers who worked during the 2023 earthquakes in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Purposive sampling identified participants, and data were collected 2–3 months postearthquake, from April to May 2023, via semi-structured interviews conducted via social media. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the interview data.

RESULTS:
A total of 11 nurse managers were interviewed for the study. Fifty-five percent were between the ages of 35 and 44, 64% were female and had a bachelor’s degree. Five themes emerged from the data: “being unprepared” (predisaster phase), “emotional difficulties,” “communication and coordination issues,” “resource shortages” (disaster event phase), and “evaluation and professional satisfaction” (postdisaster phase).

CONCLUSION:
The study found that most nurse managers reported feeling unprepared for the earthquake despite institutional disaster management practices. They struggled with managing their emotions, resource shortages, and communication–coordination issues. These experiences underscore the need for enhanced disaster training and preparedness for nurses. Collaboration among international health organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and governments is essential to develop disaster management plans to optimize nurses as early responders.
Coronary artery dominance influences the distribution of calcified plaques in the coronary tree
Authors: Pourafkari Leili , Ansari Salman , Kinninger April , Budoff Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Coronary artery dominance is determined by the coronary artery emitting the posterior descending artery. In the left dominant system, a greater proportion of coronary flow enters the left coronary artery, potentially influencing calcified plaque development in the left anterior descending artery (LAD).

Methods
This retrospective single-center cohort study analyzed patients who underwent computed tomography angiography from September 2006 to December 2022 at Harbor-UCLA in Los Angeles, California. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was quantified for the three coronary vessels. The LAD calcium score was divided by the total calcium score to calculate the LAD calcium percentage, which was compared between left and right dominant coronary systems. Multivariable linear regression assessed the association between LAD calcium percentage and coronary dominance, adjusting for age, gender, BMI, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease, and past smoking.

Results
Among 9560 subjects, 6766 with CAC greater than zero were enrolled. The average age was 64.8 ± 10.7 years: 68% were male, and 9% had left dominant coronary systems. The median CAC was 51 [0–352] in the right dominant and 49 [0–358] in the left dominant system (P = 0.73). Adjusted analysis revealed that individuals with left dominant coronary systems had a 10.1% higher (CI 7.5–12.8%, P < 0.001) LAD calcium percentage than those with right dominant systems.

Conclusion
Although coronary dominance does not influence overall plaque burden of atherosclerosis, it affects calcified plaque distribution. The left dominant system is associated with a higher proportion of calcified plaque in the LAD, potentially heightening the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
Lack of effect of renal function on uptake of 99mTc-sestamibi in renal masses
Authors: Amindarolzarbi Alireza , Satcowitz Kendall , Khalil Adham , Osman Sena , Murtazaliev Salikh , Al-Zubaidi Anas , Viglianti Benjamin L. , Solnes Lilja B. , Kaufmann Basil , Sheikhbahaei Sara , Pavlovich Christian P. , Oldan Jorge D. , Benefield Thad , Singla Nirmish , Gorin Michael A. , Rowe Steven P. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
The appropriate clinical management of indeterminate small renal masses can be improved based on accurate risk stratification. This study aimed to investigate the impact of renal function on the uptake of technetium-99m (99mTc)-sestamibi, a widely available imaging agent that can be utilized to identify oncocytomas and other benign/indolent renal masses.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 100 consecutive patients who underwent 99mTc-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. Renal function was evaluated based on creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression analyses, were performed to explore the relationship between renal function and 99mTc-sestamibi uptake.

Results:
The results revealed that discrepancies can occur between imaging and pathology results, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation of imaging findings. Correlation analysis demonstrated no significant correlation between relative tumor uptake of 99mTc-sestamibi and GFR or serum creatinine levels. These findings highlight the relative independence of renal function and 99mTc-sestamibi uptake and suggest sestamibi may be of use even in patients with relatively poor renal function.

Conclusions:
However, further research with larger sample sizes is required to validate and generalize these findings. Ultimately, understanding the broad variety of applicability of 99mTc-sestamibi uptake for risk stratification of renal malignancy could aid in appropriate clinical decision-making.
Quantitative Plaque Characteristics/Pericoronary Fat Attenuation Index and Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Li Defu , Wang Yujin , Zhu Tingting 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
Vascular inflammation affects acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurrence in patients with stable angina. Coronary inflammation can be represented by the pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI).
This study investigated the quantitative prognostic value of plaque characteristics and FAI in patients with stable angina.

Methods:
Risk factors for ACS occurrence in patients with stable angina pectoris were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic value of FAI and plaque characteristics for ACS occurrence in these patients were determined; Kaplan-Meier curves were used to predict ACS event incidence.

Results:
After postpropensity score matching, data of 60 and 130 patients with and without ACS, respectively, were analyzed. Pericoronary FAI, lipid volume, and lipid percentage in the narrowest segment significantly improved ACS diagnosis in patients with stable angina. Luminal stenosis ≥50% and FAI >−88 Hounsfield units (HU) were independent risk factors for ACS occurrence in patients with stable angina. Perileft anterior descending artery (LAD) FAI >−88 HU better predicted ACS occurrence in patients with stable angina than did peri-LAD FAI ≤−88 HU.

Conclusions:
In patients with stable angina, lipid volume and percentage and pericoronary FAI improved the diagnostic ability of luminal stenosis for ACS occurrence. Furthermore, peri-LAD FAI >−88 HU could predict ACS occurrence.
Headache in infections
Authors: Ramesh Rithvik , Ranganathan Lakshmi Narasimhan 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
This review explores the phenomenology, pathogenesis, and nosology of headaches associated with infections, an often-overlooked yet clinically significant symptom. With the increasing recognition of secondary headaches in infections, understanding their clinical patterns, mechanisms, and classifications is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Recent findings
Headaches in infections are ubiquitous but vary in presentation, severity, and underlying mechanisms depending on the causative pathogen. Elevated intracranial pressure, meningeal irritation, and activation of the trigeminovascular system are key contributors to headache generation, which varies depending on each pathogen. Pathogen-specific predilection for one of these mechanisms may subtly alter the clinical phenotype of the headache, which can be used to guide management. Emerging evidence highlights postinfectious headache syndromes, particularly following bacterial meningitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection, underscoring the need for long-term follow-up in these patients.

Summary
The diverse presentations of infection-related headaches necessitate a systematic approach to evaluation and management. While the pathophysiology is complex and multifaceted, understanding these mechanisms aids in differentiating primary headaches from those secondary to infections.
The Interplay of Furin Cleavage and D614G in Modulating SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Dynamics
Authors: Shoemaker Sophie R. , Luo Megan , Dam Kim-Marie A. , Pak John E. , Hoffmann Magnus A. G. , Marqusee Susan 
Published: January 2025

SummaryWe report a detailed analysis of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike dynamics within a native-like membrane environment and variants inaccessible to studies on soluble constructs by conducting hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) on enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs) displaying various spike constructs. We find that the previously identified open-interface trimer conformation is sampled in all eVLP-displayed spike variants studied including sequences from engineered vaccine constructs and native viral sequences. The D614G mutation, which arose early in the pandemic, favors the canonical ‘closed-interface’ prefusion conformation, potentially mitigating premature S1 shedding in the presence of a cleaved furin site and providing an evolutionary advantage to the virus. Remarkably, furin cleavage at the S1/S2 boundary allosterically increases the flexibility of the S2’ site, which may facilitate increased TMPRSS2 processing, enhancing viral infectivity. The use of eVLPs in HDX-MS studies provides a powerful platform for studying viral and membrane proteins in near-native environments.
Network Analysis of Rare Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Suggests a Central Role for Type 17 Immune Responses in Trauma-induced, Genotypically Associated Hypo-Inflammation and Critical Illness
Authors: El-Dehaibi Fayten , Zamora Ruben , Yin Jinling , Billiar Timothy R. , Vodovotz Yoram 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCritical illness stemming from severe traumatic injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, involves the dysfunction of multiple organ systems, and is driven at least in part by dysregulated inflammation that involves type 17 immunity. We and others have demonstrated a genetic predisposition to adverse critical illness outcomes associated with single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in novel loci distinct from those which impact type 17 immune responses yet acting in concert with those responses. We have recently developedSNPScanner, an algorithm that enables rapid scanning through a large SNP dataset and associated inflammation biomarkers and clinical data, and in the present study leveraged this algorithm in concert with existing bioinformatics tools to define networks of interaction among rare SNPs (defined operationally as being present in 5-10% of patients due to the study cohort size) assessed in critically ill trauma patients. RAR-related orphan receptor A (RORA), a transcription factor central to the differentiation of Th17 cells, was inferred as a hub gene via its SNP rs4774381; stratification of trauma patients based on homozygous genotype at this SNP pointed to distinct organ dysfunction trajectories associated with network-defined hypo- inflammation. Further, the SNP rs11919443 in the non-hubTM4SF19gene distinguished genotype-associated systemic IL-17A trajectories, and associated hypo-inflammation with adverse outcomes. In contrast, no Th17-related hub genes were identified in a control group of SNPs associated algorithmically with adverse clinical outcomes but with genotypically indistinct systemic inflammatory responses; the main inferred hub gene in this control group was solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1)/glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Secondary analysis showed several statistically significant differences in circulating inflammatory mediators not including IL-17A, and also associated network-based hypo- inflammation with adverse outcomes in this control group. This study thus extends our prior work aimed at defining genetic predisposition to dysregulated inflammation and pathophysiology in the context of critical illness, and points to a crucial role for type 17 immune responses.
SEVERITY OF LUNG OBSTRUCTION AND OLDER AGE, BUT NOT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PREDICT LOCOMOTOR MUSCLE OXIDATIVE IMPAIRMENT IN COPD
Authors: Adami Alessandra , Duan Fenghai , Calmelat Robert A. , Chen Zeyu , Casaburi Richard , Rossiter Harry B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow muscle oxidative capacity is an extrapulmonary manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with unclear etiology. We sought to determine clinical and behavioral features associated with muscle oxidative capacity in smokers with and without COPD and never smoker individuals.Methods243 adults enrolled in theMuscle Health Study, an observational study ancillary to COPDGene. Gastrocnemiusoxidative capacity was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy from muscle oxygen uptake recovery rate constant (k). Physical activity by accelerometry (vector magnitude units, VMU/min). Pulmonary assessments included spirometry (FEV1%predicted), diffusing capacity (DLCO), and quantitative chest computed tomography (CT). Eighty-seven variables related to COPD features were considered. Variables selected by univariate analysis of log-transformedkwith p≤0.20, and filtered by machine learning, were entered into multivariable linear regression to determine association withk.Results241(99%) participants were allocated to analysis. FEV1%predicted, DLCO, CT, pack-years, age and VMU/min were among 24 variables selected by univariate analysis. After machine learning filtering on 161(66%) cases with complete data, 11 variables were included in multivariable analysis. Only FEV1%predicted, age and race were significantly associated withk(R2=0.26). Model coefficients equate a 10% lower FEV1%predicted to a 4.4% lowerk, or 10-years of aging to a 9.7% lowerk. In 118 cases with CT available, FEV1%predicted and age remained associated withk(R2=0.24). Physical activity was not retained in any model.ConclusionsLocomotor muscle oxidative capacity was positively associated with FEV1%predicted and negatively associated with age. Physical activity or radiographic COPD manifestations were not significantly associated with muscle oxidative impairment.
Identification of insertion sites for the integrative and conjugative element Tn916in theBacillus subtilischromosome
Authors: Bean Emily L. , Smith Janet L. , Grossman Alan D. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryIntegrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are found in many bacterial species and are mediators of horizontal gene transfer. Tn916is an ICE found in several Gram-positive genera, includingEnterococcus,Staphylococcus,Streptococcus, andClostridum. In contrast to the many ICEs that preferentially integrate into a single site, Tn916can integrate into many sites in the host chromosome. The consensus integration motif for Tn916, based on analyses of approximately 200 independent insertions, is an approximately 16 bp AT-rich sequence. Here, we describe the identification and mapping of approximately 105independent Tn916insertions in theBacillus subtilischromosome. The insertions were distributed between 1,554 chromosomal sites, and approximately 99% of the insertions were in 303 sites and 65% were in only ten sites. One region, betweenykuCandykyB(kre), was a ‘hotspot’ for integration with ∼22% of the insertions in that single location. In almost all of the top 99% of sites, Tn916was found with similar frequencies in both orientations relative to the chromosome and relative to the direction of transcription, with a few notable exceptions. Using the sequences of all insertion regions, we determined a consensus motif which is similar to that previously identified forClostridium difficile. The insertion sites are largely AT-rich, and some sites overlap with regions bound by the nucleoid-associated protein Rok, a functional analog of H-NS of Gram-negative bacteria. Rok functions as a negative regulator of at least some horizontally acquired genes. We found that the presence or absence of Rok had little or no effect on insertion site specificity of Tn916.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) primary degradation products affect c-di-GMP-, cAMP-signaling and quorum sensing (QS) inVibrio gazogenesDSM 21264
Authors: Preuss Lena , Alawi Malik , Dumnitch Albert , Trinh Ly , Maison Wolfgang , Burmeister Nils , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Vollstedt Christel , Streit Wolfgang R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobal plastic pollution in oceans and estuaries is increasing rapidly and it’s well known that bacteria colonize plastic particles of all sizes.Vibrio spp. are frequently found as part of the plastisphere. We recently showed thatVibrio gazogenesDSM 21264 harbors a promiscuous esterase designated PET6. We now provide evidence that thepet6gene is expressed under a wide range of environmental conditions in its native host. However, in PET- and PE-grown biofilms thepet6gene expression was not affected by the type of surface. Thepet6transcription was sufficient to allow enzyme production and release of µM amounts of mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET) and terephthalic acid (TPA) already after 24 hours of incubation on PET foil. Notably, the highestpet6gene transcription was observed in planktonic lifestyle in the presence of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) one of the primary degradation products of PET. BHET was further hydrolyzed by PET6 and UlaG, a lactonase that had not been known to be involved in BHET degradation. Elevated concentrations of BHET affected the major signaling circuits involved in bacterial quorum sensing (QS), c-di-GMP and cAMP-CRP signaling. This resulted in failure to form biofilms, synthesis of the red pigment prodigiosin and altered colony morphologies. While BHET had a very wide impact, TPA interfered mainly with the bacterial QS by attenuating the expression of the CAI-I autoinducer synthase gene. These observations imply a potential role of BHET and TPA as nutritional signals inVibrio gazogenesand that may affect its growth and survival in the plastisphere.IMPORTANCEThis study provides first evidence thatVibrio gazogenesDSM 21264 secretes an active PET hydrolase and degrades the polymer using PET6 when growing in biofilms on foils and microplastic particles. The study further provides evidence that the primary PET degradation products BHET and TPA may have a profound impact on the global QS, c-di-GMP and cAMP-CRP signaling ofV. gazogenesand its capability to colonize plastic particles in the marine environment.