bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the Proinflammatory Phenotype Using High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Levels as the Biomarker
Authors: Devaraj Sridevi , O’Keefe Grant , Jialal Ishwarlal 
Published: August 2005

Context: Inflammation is pivotal in atherosclerosis. The prototypic marker of inflammation is C-reactive protein (CRP). Numerous studies have confirmed that high CRP levels in normal volunteers predict cardiovascular events.Objective: The objective of this study was to define proximal and associated abnormalities of the proinflammatory phenotype using CRP levels as the biomarker.Design and Subjects: Two groups of normal, healthy subjects, selected by stringent criteria from an initial cohort of 252, were studied over the period of 12 months. Group 1 included subjects with consistently low CRP (&lt;0.004 μm or &lt;0.5 mg/liter; low CRP group; n = 15). Group 2 included subjects with consistently high CRP (&gt;2.0 or &gt;0.016 μm to &lt;10 mg/liter or &lt;0.085 μm; high CRP group; n = 13).Main Outcome Measures: Fasting blood (50 ml) was obtained, and the following parameters were assayed: high sensitivity CRP, fibrinogen, lipid profile, insulin, whole blood cytokines after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/ml for 24 h), soluble cell adhesion molecules, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, CD40, CD40 ligand, leptin, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and MMP-9. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes, and the TNF-α −308 genotype was determined.Results: The median CRP levels were 0.0018 μm (0.21 mg/liter) and 0.031 μm (3.7 mg/liter) for the low and high groups, respectively. High CRP subjects were older and had significantly higher body mass indexes, triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model assessment, and leptin levels compared with low CRP subjects. The markers of inflammation, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, MMP-9, fibrinogen, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels were significantly higher in the high compared with the low CRP group. LPS-stimulated levels of whole blood IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF were significantly higher, and IL-4 levels were significantly lower in the high CRP group. After age- and body mass index-adjusted analysis of covariance, only plasma MMP-9 levels and LPS-stimulated whole blood IL-1β and TNF levels were significantly higher in the high CRP group. The frequency of the rare A allele at TNF-α −308 was equivalent in high and low CRP groups.Conclusions: A phenotype characterized by increased plasma inflammatory mediators as well as increased LPS-stimulated whole blood TNF-α and IL-1β levels is associated with high plasma CRP levels. This systemic inflammatory phenotype may contribute to vascular inflammation or may reflect inflammation in vessels or at other sites.
Tissue Transglutaminase at Embryo-Maternal Interface
Authors: Kabir-Salmani Maryam , Shiokawa Shigetatsu , Akimoto Yoshihiro , Sakai Keiji , Sakai Ken , Iwashita Mitsutoshi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractContext: Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) has a high affinity for fibronectin (FN) and is a coreceptor of both β1 and β3 integrin subunits. Considering the notion that FN and integrins have critical roles during the implantation process, this study was undertaken to elucidate the expression pattern and the potential physiological function of tTG at the embryo-maternal interface.Methods: The primary cultures of human placentas from 15 legal elective abortions at the first trimester of normal pregnancies and endometrial biopsies of 12 female patients in the midluteal phase as well as normal trophoblastic cell lines (CRL) were employed to address these issues using several approaches, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopies, immunostaining for light and electron microscopies, western blotting, and function assays using GRGDSP hexapeptide and an antibody against tTG.Results: The results demonstrated tTG expression on uterine pinopodes and lamellipodia of extravillous trophoblasts. The colocalization of tTG with β1 and β3 integrins and its interaction with αvβ3 integrin and integrin-associated proteins at focal adhesions of the extravillous trophoblasts were illustrated in the results of immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and coimmunoprecipitation studies. Furthermore, function assays revealed that tTG mediated the adhesion and spread of the placental cells on intact FN-coated and 42- and 110-kDa FN fragment-coated wells.Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings demonstrated for the first time that tTG actively participates in adhesion events at the embryo-maternal interface through its interaction with FN, at least in part, by activating integrin-signaling pathways.
Vitamin D Insufficiency Does Not Affect Bone Mineral Density Response to Raloxifene
Authors: Antoniucci Diana M. , Vittinghoff Eric , Blackwell Terri , Black Dennis M. , Sellmeyer Deborah E. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Context: Vitamin D insufficiency and osteoporosis are common and often coexist in postmenopausal women.
Objective: The objective of this study was to test whether the presence of vitamin D insufficiency at the initiation of raloxifene therapy affected the subsequent response of bone mineral density (BMD).
Design, Setting, and Participants: We studied 7522 postmenopausal participants of the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation, a placebo-controlled trial of the effects of raloxifene on BMD and fracture.
Intervention: After enrollment, all participants began daily supplements of 500 mg calcium and 400–600 IU cholecalciferol; 1 month later, women were randomly assigned to placebo or raloxifene.
Main Outcome Measure: Serum levels of vitamin D [25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD)] were measured at enrollment, randomization, and 6 months later. We categorized participants’ vitamin D status (deficient, insufficient, or sufficient) based on their randomization 25OHD level. We estimated the effects of treatment on BMD within these subgroups using linear regression models.
Results: At enrollment, 3.2% of participants were vitamin D deficient, and 51.8% were insufficient; after 7 months of cholecalciferol supplementation, 0.2% of all participants remained D deficient, and 23.6% remained insufficient. The effects of raloxifene on hip and spine BMD did not vary by vitamin D status at randomization (P = 0.08 and P = 0.7, respectively).
Conclusion: We conclude that vitamin D status at initiation of raloxifene therapy does not affect the subsequent BMD response when coadministered with cholecalciferol and calcium. After 7 months of cholecalciferol therapy, very few women continued to have 25OHD levels in the deficient range; however, 25OHD levels remained suboptimal in nearly one fourth of the cohort. Additional research is needed to determine whether these observations can be generalized to other antiresorptive agents.
Effect of Insulin on Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Children with New-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Ashraf Ambika , Mick Gail , Meleth Sreelatha , Abdullatif Hussein , Wang Xudong , McCormick Kenneth 
Published: August 2005

Context: Considerable experimental evidence inculpates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as one of the candidate factors providing a mechanistic link between hyperglycemia and diabetic complications.Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of insulin treatment and glycemic control on plasma VEGF levels in children with new-onset diabetes.Methods: This prospective study assessed the changes in plasma VEGF levels after treatment of diabetes with insulin. We also aimed to ascertain whether there was any correlation between plasma VEGF levels and simultaneous random plasma glucose. The study comprised 19 children with new-onset diabetes mellitus between the ages of 3 and 18 yr. The control group comprised 55 healthy nondiabetic children with idiopathic short stature.Results: Plasma VEGF concentrations were significantly elevated in children at diagnosis of diabetes, compared with healthy controls (P &lt; 0.0002). Plasma VEGF levels (P &lt; 0.01) and hemoglobin A1C (P &lt; 0.0001) declined in diabetic children after insulin treatment. There was a highly significant correlation between reduction in plasma VEGF levels and hemoglobin A1C levels (r = 0.65, P = 0.0037). We did not find any correlation between the simultaneous plasma glucose values and basal VEGF.Conclusions: Presence of hyperglycemia and/ or insulin deficiency in children with new-onset of diabetes is associated with plasma VEGF elevation, even at the outset of disease, and this can be mitigated by insulin therapy.
Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Type II in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: Incidence and Complications
Authors: Hoh Brian L. , Aghi Manish , Pryor Johnny C. , Ogilvy Christopher S. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE:Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Type II (HIT II) is the autoimmune-mediated severe form of the disease characterized by a significant reduction in platelets, and it carries a high risk of “paradoxical” serious thrombotic complications. Although HIT II has been studied in several different patient populations, the incidence of HIT II and the rate of thrombotic complications have never been reported in a neurosurgical patient population. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients, among neurosurgical patient populations, have a high exposure to heparin because they are in critical care units and have indwelling vascular catheters. In addition, the increase in neuroendovascular procedures with the associated use of heparinization will increase the exposure of SAH patients to heparin.METHODS:During a 3.5-year period (January 2000–June 2003), 389 consecutive SAH patients were treated at our center. We retrospectively reviewed their laboratory data and medical records and used accepted clinical criteria for the diagnosis of HIT II to determine the incidence of HIT II, thrombotic complications, management, and outcome.RESULTS:Fifty-nine patients (15%) met the clinical diagnostic criteria for HIT II. The average platelet count nadir in the HIT II patients was 68,600 ± 25,300/μl (mean ± standard deviation). Female patients and patients with Fisher Grade 3 were more likely to develop HIT II (P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-six patients (61%) underwent a neuroendovascular procedure. The rate of systemic thrombotic complications in the HIT II patients was 37 versus 7% in SAH patients without HIT II (P &lt; 0.001), and the rate of new hypodensities on head computed tomographic scans was 66% in the HIT II patients versus 40% in the SAH patients without HIT II (P &lt; 0.001). Clinical outcomes were worse in the HIT II patients. The outcome was favorable for 38% in the HIT II patients versus 52% in all SAH patients (P &lt; 0.05), and deaths were more common (29%) in the HIT II patients than in all SAH patients (12%, P &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSION:The incidence of HIT II in SAH patients at a single center was 15%. The SAH patients with HIT II had significantly higher rates of thrombotic complications, new hypodensities on head computed tomographic scans, more deaths, and significantly less favorable outcomes. This is the first report of the incidence of HIT II in a neurosurgical patient population.
Effect of Brain Surgery on Auditory and Motor Cortex Activation: A Preliminary Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Kokkonen Salla-Maarit , Kiviniemi Vesa , Mäkiranta Minna , Yrjänä Sanna , Koivukangas John , Tervonen Osmo 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
The effect of glioma removal on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation has not been widely documented. The aim of this preliminary study was to observe the effect of tumor resection on BOLD fMRI of the auditory and motor cortices.

METHODS:
Seven patients with gliomas underwent preoperative and early postoperative BOLD fMRI, and five of them underwent additional late postoperative BOLD fMRI. The auditory and motor cortices were localized with activation studies. A hemispheric activation index was used to quantify the relative extent of BOLD activation.

RESULTS:
The resection of a glioma with preoperative edema resulted in an increase from the preoperative to the early postoperative fMRI on auditory BOLD activation on the side of the tumor compared with the contralateral side. The same phenomenon was observed in one patient with motor BOLD activation. However, when no preoperative edema was present, a transient decrease in relative auditory BOLD activation was found.

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study suggest that the resection of a glioma with preoperative edema affecting the auditory and/or motor cortex may cause a transient increase in the BOLD response ipsilateral to the tumor. It seems that when the tumor is resected, the pressure on the brain, specifically on the affected auditory and/or motor cortex, decreases and the functional cortex becomes more easily detectable in BOLD fMRI.
Primary Intracranial Melanocytic Tumor Simulating Pituitary Macroadenoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rousseau Audrey , Bernier Michèle , Kujas Michèle , Varlet Pascale 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Primary intracranial melanocytic tumors are rare lesions, sellar ones being even more exceptional. So far, six melanomas and two melanocytomas have been described in an intrasellar and/or suprasellar location.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
We report on the case of a 25-year-old Caucasian woman presenting with a 4-year history of amenorrhea and an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension suggestive of a pituitary macroadenoma.

INTERVENTION:
A gross subtotal resection of a hemorrhagic tumor was performed. Histological examination revealed melanin-laden pleomorphic tumor cells that tested positive for HMB-45 and S-100 and negative for cytokeratins, thus demonstrating that the tumor was a melanocytic neoplasm. An extensive workup failed to find evidence of any other primary site. The patient received no further treatment and is alive and well after 24 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
Primary sellar melanocytic neoplasms are extremely rare lesions and present with few differential diagnoses. Deciding whether the tumor is best classified as a melanocytoma or a melanoma may prove difficult. Wide histological variations in both melanocytomas and melanomas render careful consideration of the clinical, radiological, and gross features essential in distinguishing one from the other.
Intrinsic Hematoma of the Oculomotor Nerve: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ratilal Bernardo Oliveira , da Silva Galo Sergio Miguel Macedo , de Oliveira Vara Luiz Carlos Alberto 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Intrinsic oculomotor nerve hematoma is an exceptional cause of third nerve palsy. This case report illustrates the clinical, radiological, and intraoperative relevance of this rare pathological finding.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 25-year-old woman with a 12-year history of gross total resection of cerebellar medulloblastoma and posterior whole-brain radiotherapy presented with complete left oculomotor palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left-sided, perimesencephalic cistern, small, round lesion with a fluid level. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated no evidence of vascular abnormalities.

INTERVENTION:
A pterional craniotomy was performed, and the left oculomotor nerve was exposed. A blackish intrinsic lesion was detected in its cisternal segment near the uncus. The lesion was incised, and liquid compatible with a subacute noncoagulated hematoma was drained. Three months after surgery, the patient had partial recovery from diplopia and extraocular muscle function.

CONCLUSION:
We reviewed the literature and found four cases of oculomotor nerve intrinsic hematoma. These cases were all associated with hematological diseases, trauma, or solid tumors, and, as a group, these patients had poor outcomes. In the present report, the possibility of radiotherapy-induced vasculopathy as a predisposing factor is discussed. Surgical removal of an intrinsic nerve hematoma is probably helpful in the functional recovery of these patients.
Chiari Type I Malformation Presenting as Hemifacial Spasm: Case Report
Authors: Colpan Mustafa Efkan , Sekerci Zeki 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
We report on a patient with a Chiari I malformation presenting with right hemifacial spasm. Clinicians should consider the downward displacement of the hindbrain as a rare cause of hemifacial spasm in Chiari I malformation.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
An 18-year-old man was admitted with right hemifacial spasm. The results of the neurological examination were normal except for the facial spasm. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a Chiari I malformation without syringomyelia. After surgery, the hemifacial spasm completely resolved.

INTERVENTION:
Posterior fossa decompression, C1 laminectomy, and duraplasty were performed.

CONCLUSION:
The hemifacial spasm could be attributed to compression and/or traction of the facial nerve because of downward displacement of the hindbrain in Chiari I malformation. Compression and/or traction might create irritation of the facial nerve that causes hemifacial spasm. Resolution of the hemifacial spasm after posterior fossa decompression could explain the facial nerve irritation in Chiari I malformation. Clinicians should consider Chiari malformation as a cause of hemifacial spasm and posterior fossa decompression as a potential treatment.
Reconstruction of Lepidocrocite Nanosheets into Anatase TiO2 by Rolling in Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Fumin , Jiu Jinting , Pei Lihua , Nakagawa Keizo , Isoda Seiji , Adachi Motonari 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Highly crystallized anatase nanotubes and nanorods were prepared by rolling of molecular nanosheets, i.e., lepidocrocite, by surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method in low temperature (413 K). Alcohol played an important role for deintercalation of the surfactant between lepidocrocite nanosheets. Morphology of nanoscale anatase TiO2 materials was controlled by choosing pH and composition.
High Chiral Discrimination of 2,2′-Ditellurobis(2-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin) in Recognition of Dansyl-d/l-phenylalanine
Authors: Jia Shu-Yan , Hao Ya-Qiong , Li Li-Na , Chen Kai , Wu Yuqing , Liu Junqiu , Wu Lixin , Ding Yi-hong 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This letter demonstrates the high chiral discrimination of 2,2′-ditellurobis(2-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin) (2-TeCD, 1) in recognizing dansyl-l-phenylalanine (DLP) and dansyl-d-phenylalanine (DDP). 1 is shown to be a very useful host in fluorescent sensing. It exhibits very good chiral enantioselectivity with a ratio of KL/KD = 3.71 in a stoichiometry of 1:1 in the chiral discrimination of DPs.
Psc3 cohesin of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: cell cycle analysis and identification of three distinct isoforms
Authors: Ilyushik Eduard , Pryce David W. , Walerych Dawid , Riddell Tracy , Wakeman Jane A. , McInerny Christopher J. , McFarlane Ramsay J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCohesins are a group of proteins that function to mediate correct chromosome segregation, DNA repair and meiotic recombination. This report presents the amino acid sequence for theSchizosaccharomyces pombecohesin Psc3 based on the translation of the cDNA sequence, showing that the protein is smaller than previously predicted. Interestingly, comparison of the amino acid and DNA coding sequences of Psc3 with fission yeast Rec11 meiotic region-specific recombination activator shows that both intron positioning within the genes and the amino-terminal half of the two proteins are highly conserved. We demonstrate that although the intergenic region upstream of thepsc3+start codon contains a consensus sequence for the cell-cycle regulatory MluI cell-cycle box,psc3+transcription is not differentially regulated during the mitotic cell cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that an epitope-tagged version of Psc3 undergoes no major changes during the mitotic cell cycle. However, instead we identify at least three distinct isoforms of Psc3, suggesting that post-translational modification of Psc3 contributes to the regulation of cohesion function.
Rab6 interacts with the mint3 adaptor protein
Authors: Teber Iskender , Nagano Fumiko , Kremerskothen Joachim , Bilbilis Konstantinos , Goud Bruno , Barnekow Angelika 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Rab6 GTPase regulates a retrograde transport route connecting endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the Golgi apparatus. Recently it was shown that active (GTP-loaded) Rab6A regulates intracellular processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). To characterize the role of Rab6A in APP trafficking and to identify effector proteins of the active Rab6A protein, we screened a human placenta cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid system. We isolated an interacting cDNA clone encoding part of the adaptor protein mint3. The interaction between Rab6A and mint3 is GTP-dependent and requires the complete phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of the mint protein, which also mediates the association with APP. By confocal microscopy we show that Rab6A, mint3 and APP co-localize at Golgi membranes in HeLa cells. Density gradient centrifugation of cytosolic extracts confirms a common distribution of these three proteins. Our data suggest that mint3 links Rab6A to APP traffic.
Surface lignin and extractives on hardwood RDH kraft pulp chemically characterized by ToF-SIMS
Authors: Kleen Marjatta 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The chemical characteristics of lignin and extractives on the outermost surface of hardwood rapid displacement heating (RDH) kraft pulp were studied using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Changes in these surface compounds induced by totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching were also revealed. The results suggest that the surface lignin remaining on unbleached RDH pulp was remnant from native wood lignin, which was never released from wood fibers, but had undergone structural changes during kraft cooking. Less than half of the surface lignin was removed during bleaching, with the oxygen stage and the final peroxide stage being the most effective. The main wood extractives on the hardwood RDH kraft pulp surface were sterols and steryl esters. TCF bleaching strongly reduced their abundance. Bleaching also removed fatty acids, but less effectively than neutral extractives. Fatty acid sodium salts were partly removed during TCF bleaching, in contrast to fatty acid calcium salts, which were very stable. ToF-SIMS has the unique capability to give valuable chemical information about the complex mixture of compounds on the pulp surfaces. Thus, it complements other surface-sensitive analytical techniques such as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). ToF-SIMS can give detailed chemical information about the effects of process conditions on pulp surface characteristics.
NMR studies on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. lignins
Authors: Balakshin Mikhail Yu. , Capanema Ewellyn A. , Goldfarb Barry , Frampton John , Kadla John F. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The composition of mature, juvenile uninfested and juvenile infested Fraser fir wood (Rotholz) and the structures of lignins isolated from these woods were elucidated to verify differences between juvenile and mature wood and the effect of balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) infestation. Milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from mature, juvenile and Rotholz wood were comprehensively characterized using heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and quantitative 13C NMR techniques. The Rotholz wood was found to have ∼13% higher lignin content and more than five-fold the amount of galactans than that of the uninfested wood. Rotholz lignin possesses higher amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units and aliphatic OH groups and a lower amount of alkyl-O-alkyl linkages and dibenzodioxocin moieties. The degree of condensation of the Rotholz lignin was rather similar to that of normal wood. Only small differences in the structure of mature and juvenile wood components were found.