bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of treatment failure in infants with primitive neuroectodermal tumors who were treated on CCG‐921: A phase III combined modality study
Authors: Hong Theodore S. , Mehta Minesh P. , Boyett James M. , Donahue Bernadine , Rorke Lucy B. , Zeltzer Paul M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo analyze patterns of treatment failure in infants with primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) who were treated primarily with chemotherapy in a large multi‐institutional study.Materials and MethodsSixty‐five prospectively staged patients with PNET confirmed by central pathology review, who were 18 months or younger were treated on Children's Cancer Group Study 921 (CCG‐921) primarily with chemotherapy. Forty‐six patients had posterior fossa (PF) primary tumors and 19 patients had supratentorial (ST) primaries. Patterns of sites of initial treatment failure were analyzed and compared to failure patterns of 180 older children who had PF‐PNETs, and 44 older children with ST‐PNETs who were treated on the same protocol.ResultsThe entire cohort of younger patients fared much worse than those older than 18 months. Cumulative 5‐year relapse incidence (±SE) for younger patients with PF‐PNETs was 64.5 ± 8.9% for patients without metastases (M0) compared to 71.4 ± 13.4% for patients with metastases (M+). The cumulative 5‐year relapse incidences for younger patients with ST‐PNETs were 64.3 ± 13.7% for M0 patients compared to 100 ± 33.3% for M+ patients. Relapses in these patients occurred within 2 years. The overall treatment failure rate was significantly higher for younger compared to older patients with PF‐PNET and ST‐PNET. There was no statistically significant difference in relapse patterns between patients with PF primary tumors and ST primaries when stratified by stage. There was no statistically significant difference in relapse patterns between M0 and M+ patients. All patients had a high risk of recurrence at primary tumor site. Younger patients who had PF primary tumors without metastasis at presentation were significantly more likely to relapse in PF than older patients. Younger patients were at significant risk of relapse in the spine, but none had it as the sole site of first relapse.ConclusionsDespite aggressive chemotherapy, younger children with PNETs have high rates of treatment failure and fare worse than high‐risk, older patients with PF‐PNETs, indicating the need to maximize local, regional, and systemic therapies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of two unrelated umbilical cord stem cell units in stem cell transplantation for Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Slatter M.A. , Bhattacharya A. , Flood T.J. , Abinun M. , Cant A.J. , Gennery A.R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWiskott–Aldrich syndrome, an X‐linked primary immunodeficiency can be cured by bone marrow transplantation. Umbilical cord haemopoietic stem cells are increasingly used as an alternative to bone marrow; advantages include ready availability, no risk to the donor, low rate of viral contamination, and low risk of graft versus host disease. Disadvantages include low stem cell dose for larger patients and lack of stem cells for boost infusions following the initial procedure. We report the case of a child with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome who underwent cord blood stem cell transplantation with two separate cord blood units, 8 days apart. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;47:332–334. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Essential erbB family phosphorylation in osteosarcoma as a target for CI‐1033 inhibition
Authors: Hughes Dennis P.M. , Thomas Dafydd G. , Giordano Thomas J. , McDonagh Kevin T. , Baker Laurence H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe role of erbB tyrosine kinases, especially Her‐2, in osteosarcoma has engendered intense debate. Some investigators identified an association between low‐level Her‐2 expression, compared to none, and poor patient outcome. Others questioned the importance of apparent cytoplasmic expression of Her‐2, since membranous overexpression is associated with poor outcome in carcinomas. We previously demonstrated that primary osteosarcoma cells express cell‐surface EGFR and Her‐2, with the p80 isoform of Her‐4 localized to the nucleus. We wished to determine if erbB kinases in osteosarcoma were phosphorylated, and if this was required for growth.ProceduresWe cultured early passage osteosarcoma cell lines in the presence or absence of the pan‐erbB inhibitor CI‐1033 and examined the phosphorylation status of EGFR, Her‐2, and Her‐4 by immunohistochemistry, cell‐based ELISA, flow cytometry and two dimensional Western blot. We also assessed the impact of CI‐1033 upon osteosarcoma growth and survival in vitro.ResultsEGFR, Her‐2, and Her‐4 were constitutively phosphorylated in early passage osteosarcoma cells cultured in vitro. CI‐1033 abrogated erbB receptor phosphorylation and caused growth inhibition and apoptosis in a titratible fashion with concentrations of 1 μM or more.ConclusionsEGFR, Her‐2, and Her‐4 are constitutively phosphorylated in early passage osteosarcoma cells in tissue culture, and erbB signaling provides essential growth and anti‐apoptotic signals to osteosarcoma cells. This suggests that erbB overexpression is not required for erbB to promote malignancy, but rather that overexpression is one of several mechanisms that generate unregulated erbB signaling. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interferon alpha 2b treatment in an eleven‐year‐old boy with disseminated lymphangiomatosis
Authors: Timke Christian , Krause Martin F. , Oppermann Hans‐Conrad , Leuschner Ivo , Claviez Alexander 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDisseminated lymphangiomatosis is a rare disease mostly observed in children and young adults. If no surgical removal can be achieved, the prognosis is poor, especially for patients with thoracic localization and pleural effusions. Next to pleural drainage, therapeutic options include radiotherapy, local, and systemic pharmacotherapy. An 11‐year‐old boy presented with disseminated lymphangiomatosis involving thorax with massive pleural effusions, retroperitoneum, and bones. In immunohistochemical analysis, the tissue biopsy stained positive for vascular endothelial growth factor‐receptor 3 (VEGFR‐3). The patient has been treated with interferon alpha 2b for 2 years, and achieved a good clinical and radiological response. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:108–111. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of recombinant factor VIIa prior to lumbar puncture in pediatric patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Das Prabodh , Carcao Manuel , Hitzler Johann 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe persistence of abnormal coagulation test results after standard treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) poses significant problems in children with acute leukemia requiring a diagnostic lumbar puncture and intrathecal chemotherapy. We report the prophylactic use of a single dose of 90 µg/kg recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in three children and the rapid correction of abnormal coagulation test results previously not corrected by FFP. Administration of rFVIIa was useful in avoiding a delay of diagnostic lumbar punctures and intrathecal chemotherapy. Hemorrhagic complications and adverse effects of rFVIIa were not observed. Prospective evaluation of this indication and dose appears warranted. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of cerebrovascular flow reserve in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kedar Amos , Drane Walter E. , Shaeffer Douglas , Nicole Michael , Adams Caroline 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo report a method for determining absolute percentage change in cerebral blood flow (measurement of cerebrovascular reserve) before and after acetylazolamide (Diamox) administration in children with sickle cell anemia.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six symptomatic sickle cell disease patients (48 studies) were evaluated. After the injection of either Tc‐99m bicisate ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) or hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO), both whole body scans (with geometric mean correction) and single photon emission computed tomography (CT) were performed pre‐ and post‐Diamox administration with calculation of percentage brain uptake on the whole body images for both examinations and determination of cerebrovascular reserve (percentage change in brain uptake post‐Diamox). Evaluation for regional cerebral perfusion change was also performed.ResultsThe cerebrovascular reserve measurement was 17.6% ± 43.5% (mean ± 1 SD). Thirty‐three of 48 studies (69%) showed an abnormal cerebrovascular reserve, while only 6 of 48 studies (12.5%) showed Diamox‐induced regional perfusion changes in the brain. No statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of a regional perfusion abnormality versus loss of cerebrovascular reserve (P = 0.75, Fisher exact test), suggesting that these are independent variables. The cerebrovascular reserve was reproducible, with an average standard deviation of ±0.54%.ConclusionA new, simple method for calculation of cerebrovascular reserve is presented; this method is reproducible and appears to be an independent variable in the evaluation of cerebrovascular status in sickle cell anemia patients. It should allow further characterization of this complex patient population, and possibly assist in detection of patients at risk for developing “silent” or overt stroke. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cholesterol‐imprinted polymer receptor prepared by a hybrid imprinting method
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Xu Jianwei , Tong Yuejin , Wang Lin , He Chaobin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA novel cholesterol‐imprinted polymer (CMIP‐H) was prepared by a hybrid method of covalent imprinting and non‐covalent imprinting. This approach involves the copolymerization of a template‐containing monomer, cholesteryl 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate carbonate, and a cross‐linker, followed by hydrolysis to afford a flexible guest‐binding site accompanied with the easy and efficient removal of a ‘sacrificial spacer’. The effect of solvent on the binding capacity of CMIP‐H towards cholesterol was studied, indicating that a good binding capacity towards cholesterol could be achieved in a less‐polar solvent. The binding experiments of CMIP‐H towards a series of structural analogues of cholesterol, including cholesterol acetate, progesterone and stigmasterol, were carried out in hexane. The results showed that CMIP‐H almost did not bind cholesterol acetate at all because the hydrogen‐bonding site is blocked. It exhibited a similar binding towards both cholesterol and stigmasterol, but much higher binding towards progesterone. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Tween 20‐modified poly(vinyl chloride) exhibits enhanced blood‐compatibility
Authors: Balakrishnan Biji , James Nirmala R , Jayakrishnan A 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resin was modified by grafting the non‐ionic surfactant poly(oxyethylene 20 sorbitan) monolaurate (Tween® 20) using isocyanate chemistry. PVC was aminated using ethylenediamine and coupled with hexamethylene diisocyanate. Tween 20 was then reacted with the polymer, resulting in the grafting of the surfactant. The polymer modification was confirmed using infrared and X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy. Films of modified polymer were cast from a solution of tetrahydrofuran. The surface of films prepared from the modified polymer showed increased hydrophilicity as evidenced by contact‐angle measurements. The solid/water free energy of the modified polymer surface was nearly a quarter of the energy of the bare PVC surface. Static platelet adhesion studies using platelet‐rich plasma demonstrated significantly reduced adhesion onto a modified PVC surface compared with unmodified PVC. Data obtained demonstrate that modification of polymers with Tween 20 may be an interesting way of imparting protein‐ and cell‐repelling characteristics to them, thereby improving their blood‐compatibility. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of gold–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell nanoparticles by surface‐confined atom transfer radical polymerization at elevated temperature
Authors: Kotal Atanu , Mandal Tarun K. , Walt David R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSurface‐confined atom transfer radical polymerization was used to prepare gold nanoparticle–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell particles at elevated temperature. First, gold nanoparticles were prepared by the one‐pot borohydride reduction of tetrachloroaurate in the presence of 11‐mercapto‐1‐undecanol (MUD). MUD‐capped gold nanoparticles were then exchanged with 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) to prepare a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of MPS on the gold nanoparticle surfaces and subsequently hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid. The extent of exchange of MUD with MPS was determined by NMR. The resulting crosslinked silica‐primer layer stabilized the SAM of MPS and was allowed to react with the initiator [(chloromethyl)phenylethyl] trimethoxysilane. Atom transfer radical polymerization was conducted on the Cl‐terminated gold nanoparticles with the CuCl/2,2′‐bipyridyl catalyst system at elevated temperature. The rates of polymerization with the initiator‐modified gold nanoparticles exhibited first‐order kinetics with respect to the monomer, and the number‐average molecular weight of the cleaved graft polymer increased linearly with the monomer conversion. The presence of the polymer on the gold nanoparticle surface was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3631–3642, 2005
Design of combinatorial protein libraries of optimal size
Authors: Saraf Manish C. , Gupta Anshuman , Maranas Costas D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this article we introduce a computational procedure, OPTCOMB (Optimal Pattern of Tiling for COMBinatorial library design), for designing protein hybrid libraries that optimally balance library size with quality. The proposed procedure is directly applicable to oligonucleotide ligation‐based protocols such as GeneReassembly, DHR, SISDC, and many more. Given a set of parental sequences and the size ranges of the parental sequence fragments, OPTCOMB determines the optimal junction points (i.e., crossover positions) and the fragment contributing parental sequences at each one of the junction points. By rationally selecting the junction points and the contributing parental sequences, the number of clashes (i.e., unfavorable interactions) in the library is systematically minimized with the aim of improving the overall library quality. Using OPTCOMB, hybrid libraries containing fragments from three different dihydrofolate reductase sequences (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus casei) are computationally designed. Notably, we find that there exists an optimal library size when both the number of clashes between the fragments composing the library and the average number of clashes per hybrid in the library are minimized. Results reveal that the best library designs typically involve complex tiling patterns of parental segments of unequal size hard to infer without relying on computational means. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The βαβαβ elementary supersecondary structure of the Rossmann fold from porcine lactate dehydrogenase exhibits characteristics of a molten globule
Authors: Coinçon Mathieu , Heitz Annie , Chiche Laurent , Derreumaux Philippe 
Published: July 2005

AbstractProtein classifications show that the Rossmann fold, which consists of two βαβαβ motifs (BABAB) related by a rough twofold axis, is the most populated αβ fold, and that the βαβ submotif (BAB) is a widespread elementary structural arrangement. Herein, we report MD simulations, circular dichroism and NMR analyses on BAB and BABAB from porcine lactate dehydrogenase to evaluate their intrinsic stability. Our results demonstrate that BAB is not stable in solution and is not a folding nucleus. We also find that BABAB, despite its appearance of a functional and structural unit, is not an independent and thermodynamically stable folding unit. Rather, we show that BABAB retains most native secondary structure but very little tertiary structure, thus displaying characteristics of a molten globule. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benzene crystallization risks in the LIQUEFIN liquefied natural gas process
Authors: de Hemptinne J.‐C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn liquefied natural gas (LNG) processes, the gas feed is cooled to very low temperatures (−160° C). The presence of traces of heavy hydrocarbon components may therefore result in crystallization, and thus equipment plugging. The present work investigates the solid–liquid–vapor equilibria and proposes a way to predict the risks of crystallization.In the first section, the phase diagrams that may be encountered with natural gas mixtures at these very low temperatures are presented. A literature review shows that few data are available for operating conditions of LNG processes.In the second section, the crystallization model based on a cubic equation of state, coupled with a Huron–Vidal mixing rule and combined with a solid‐phase model is presented. This model requires the crystallization heat capacity of pure components, which must be determined using the few data points available. Nevertheless, it appears that the resulting model is rather predictive when compared to data that were not used in the regression.Finally, the model is applied in different zones of the LIQUEFIN process, commercialized by AXENS. The results have been used to improve the design of this LNG plant. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Two heating rates as a method for calculating the kinetic parameters of crystallization in a glassy system
Authors: Rasheedy M. S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractVarious experimental methods are currently employed for determining the kinetic parameters of crystallization in a glassy system. These parameters include the activation energy E(kJ/mol), the Avrami exponent or the reaction order (n) and the frequency factor K0 (s–1). In the present work, a new method is derived from Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) equation to calculate the kinetic parameters of crystallization. The method starts with determining the activation energy E. The method depends on obtaining the same vol‐ume fraction of crystallization x(t) at two heating rates. Next, the reaction order n and the frequency factor K0 are determined successively. The present method is straightforward and involves no assumptions in addition to those involved in obtaining JMA equation. The new technique has successfully predicted the crystallization parameters of Ge10Te35As55 glasses during non‐isothermal annealing. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids
Authors: Rasulev Bakhtiyor F. , Abdullaev Nasrulla D. , Syrov Vladimir N. , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) study has been carried out for 27 flavonoids belonging to four different groups (isoflavons, flavons, flavonols, flavanons) to correlate and predict the inhibition of lipids peroxidation effects (antioxidant activity). The genetic algorithm (GA) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) were used to select the descriptors and to generate the correlation models that relate the structural features to the biological activities. The obtained equations consist of one to four descriptors calculated from the characteristics of the molecular structures with use of DRAGON software and quantum‐chemical methods. A number of molecular descriptors was obtained from the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) level optimized geometries (quantum‐chemical descriptors). The results of the GA‐MLRA analysis show that the position of the OH groups, the magnitude of dipole moment and the shape of the molecule play an important role in inhibition of lipids peroxidation by flavonoids. The significant QSAR models were obtained with r value of 0.935 and 0.933 for basic models. The q2 (cross validation r2) values and scrambling/randomization experiments also confirms the statistical significance of our models. These models are expected to be useful for screening of flavonoid antioxidants.
Predicting Anti‐HIV‐1 Activities of HEPT‐analog Compounds by Using Support Vector Classification
Authors: Lu Wencong , Dong Ning , Náray‐Szabó Gábor 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe support vector classification (SVC), as a novel approach, was employed to make a distinction within a class of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. 1‐[(2‐hydroxyethoxy) methyl]‐6‐(phenyl thio)‐thymine (HEPT) derivatives with high anti‐HIV‐1 activities and those with low anti‐HIV‐1 activities were compared on the basis of the following molecular descriptors: net atomic charge on atom 4, molecular volume, partition coefficient, molecular refractivity, molecular polarisability and molecular weight. By using the SVC, a mathematical model was constructed, which can predict the anti‐HIV‐1 activities of the HEPT‐analogue compounds, with an accuracy of 100% as calculated on the basis of the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) test. The results indicate that the performance of the SVC model exceeds that of the stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) model, for which a prediction accuracy of 94% was reported.
Ab initio quantum chemical studies of fullerene molecules with substitutes C59X [XSi, Ge, Sn], C59X− [XB, Al, Ga, In], and C59X [XN, P, As, Sb]
Authors: Simeon Tomekia M. , Yanov Ilya , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis article presents the results of systematic ab initio quantum chemical study of charged and neutral analogues of fullerene molecules: C59X[XSi, Ge, Sn], C59X− [XB, Al, Ga, In], and C59X+ [XN, P, As, Sb]. Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) levels of theory with Stuttgart–Dresden basis set were used to investigate the structure and properties of substituted fullerene molecules. A replacement of fullerene carbon atom with a heteroatom results in a unique chemical site on the fullerene surface, which may be used as a reactive center or to modify the electronic properties. We show the possibility of utilization of substituted fullerenes as atom‐like building units. Heteroatom substitution allows the tuning of the physical and chemical properties of original molecule for different material science and nanotechnology applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Bayesian sample‐size determination for inference on two binomial populations with no gold standard classifier
Authors: Stamey James D. , Seaman John W. , Young Dean M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe consider the impact of test properties on the required sample size for the Bayesian design problem for comparing two proportions with error‐prone data. Specifically, we examine four cases: a single diagnostic test and two independent diagnostic tests, both when the test properties are identical across populations and when they differ. Interval‐based and moment‐based sample‐size determination criteria are contrasted using Monte Carlo simulation methods. We consider an application in which Strongyloides infections are compared in two populations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.