bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A naturalistic study in the use of antidepressants in adults with learning disabilities and affective disorders
Authors: Bhaumik S. , Collacott R. A. , Gandhi D. , Duggirala C. , Wildgust H. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractVery few studies have been undertaken looking at the use of anti‐depressants in adults with learning disabilities and, more recently, with the advent of SSRIs there has not been any study comparing the use of SSRIs with tricyclic drugs in this group. A naturalistic study involving adults with learning disabilities suffering from depressive illness was undertaken in Leicestershire that included 104 treatment episodes with tricyclic/tetracyclic groups of drugs and SSRIs and issues related to efficacy, tolerability, side‐effects, polypharmacy and discontinuation rates were looked at. The study, despite its limitations, establishes for the first time that depressive illness in patients with learning disabilities does respond to antidepressant treatment in the same way as that of the general population. The findings suggest that SSRIs are better tolerated and present with fewer serious side effects when compared to tricyclic/tetracyclic groups of drugs. The efficacy of both groups of drugs was found to be very similar. This study also highlights that SSRIs are reasonably safe to use in conjunction with drugs like Lithium and Carbamazepine.
Psychoimmunoendocrine aspects of panic disorder
Authors: Perini G. I. , Zara M. , Carraro C. , Tosin C. , Gava F. , Santucci M. G. , Valverde S. , De Franchis G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractStress‐responsive neurohormonal systems are involved in major depression (MD) and panic disorder (PD). The immune system, which is closely connected with neuronal and hormonal systems, has been studied in MD: a systemic immune activation has been recently reported. To determine whether similar changes in the immune function are present also in PD, we studied leukocyte enumeration by flow cytometry in conjunction with monoclonal antibody staining, in 18 PD, 23 MD in drug‐free conditions and 20 controls. We found a significantly higher percentage of HLADR + (p <0·001) and of CD 19 cells (p < 0·01) in PD and MD and a lower percentage of CD3 (p < 0·05) in PD. Urinary free cortisol levels were higher in MD compared to PD. A pattern of lymphocyte subpopulation distribution compatible with an activation of the immune system was found in MD and PD. This activation was present also with high glucocorticoid levels, suggesting a possible defect of glucocorticoid receptors.
In vivo evaluation of 2‐cyanoacrylates as surgical adhesives
Authors: Tseng Yin‐Chao , Hyon Suong‐Hyu , Ikada Yoshito , Shimizu Yasuhiko , Tamura Koichi , Hitomi Shigeki 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo evaluate 2‐cyanoacrylates as surgical adhesives, the bond strength in vivo as well as the tissue reaction was investigated using methyl‐, ethyl‐, isobutyl‐, and ethoxyethyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. In addition, their set time and spreading on blood were studied. When the 2‐cyanoacrylates were applied to an incised site of rabbit skin, they could maintain the skin closure without suturing during the first week and the bond strength increased during the second week. Significant inflammatory response was observed around the subcutaneous tissue glued with methyl‐ and ethoxyethyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate and persisted for approximately one week. All the 2‐cyanoacrylate polymers were absorbed and the tissues treated were healed two weeks after the operation. There was a mild inflammatory reaction in the tissue treated with ethyl‐ and isobutyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate, and their polymers still remained at the wound site at the second week postoperatively. The disappearance rate of the 2‐cyanoacrylate polymers was roughly in proportion to the inflammatory tissue response. Ethoxyethyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate spread more broadly on tissues than the other 2‐cyanoacrylates, while its set time was shorter than that of methyl‐ and ethyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate.
Patent literature as a source of information for research and development: An investigation on calcium phosphate‐containing biomaterials, Part II
Authors: Wüstefeld M. , de Groot K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAfter the first approach to patent literature in a scientific library (Part I), we have completed the patent retrieval on the mentioned subject with the facilities of patent collections. This work describes the various methods: the direct access to original documents with classification codes, the consultation of the secondary literature of official gazettes and private services, and the use of indexes. The application of all these methods concerning calcium phosphate‐containing biomaterials is presented and discussed. The retrieval resulted in 363 applications during the period 1975–1985 and 134 in 1986. Forty‐nine percent and 63%, respectively, of these applications were basic patents, the rest were equivalents. The technical information which 80% of all these documents contain has already been indexed in Chemical Abstracts. The remaining documents are only available in patent collections. They deal with more technical problems and concentrate in specific IPC groups. Because of the language barrier, the access to Japanese patents is often only possible by means of equivalent patents applied in the United States, Great Britain, the Federal Republik of Germany or international authorities (EPO, WIPO). These are filed up in patent collections.
Long‐term delivery of testosterone by ALCAP ceramic implants in rats
Authors: Benghuzzi Hamed A. , Bajpai Praphulla K. , England Barry G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe capability of ALCAP ceramic drug‐delivery implantable devices to release testosterone for 12 months was investigated. A total of 120 Sprague‐Dawley male albino rats were distributed equally into three groups. Two ALCAP capsules, one nonimpregnated and the other impregnated with polylactic acid (PLA) were implanted into each rat in Groups I and II. Capsules implanted into Group I rats were loaded with 40 mg testosterone (T) each. Group II rats were implanted with two empty capsules (sham group), and Group III animals served as unimplanted controls. Eight rats from each group were euthanized at the end of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following the implantation of the ceramics. No significant changes in the weights of vital organs of rats were observed between any of the three different groups. Vas deferens and epididymal fluid were devoid of normal spermatozoa within 3 months of implanting the steroid‐containing ceramics. Testes and epididymis weights decreased significantly in the rats implanted with ALCAP ceramics containing steroid, and the seminiferous tubules became oligospermic after 1 month and azoospermic after 3 months. Circulating levels of both LH and FSH hormones were suppressed in experimental rats. Serum T level was lower than the control but showed no significant difference in comparison to control rats. The data collected in this study suggest that: (a) ALCAP ceramic capsules are capable of delivering T in a sustained manner for 12 months; (b) T delivered by ALCAP capsules can be used effectively to regulate spermatogenesis in rats.
Preliminary development of a hydroxyapatite‐backed strain gauge
Authors: Szivek J. A. , Gealer R. G. , Magee F. P. , Emmanual J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLong‐term in vivo strain sensing would provide information about deformation changes adjacent to implants during bone remodeling. Biodegradation of the cyanoacrylate adhesive commonly used to attach strain gauges to bone has generally limited in vivo strain sensing to time periods less than one month.Hydroxyapatite (HA) which has been used to attach implants to bone in vivo, was attached to strain gauges using a solvent‐thinned polysulfone solution. Three HA‐polysulfone surface morphologies were tested in a preliminary bench‐top test. The single layer pressed surface morphology, which responded most accurately during bench‐top testing, was modified slightly and applied to two gauges which were implanted on the femur of a greyhound.Strain measurements from the HA‐backed gauges in place for four months in vivo were compared to strains measured from the contralateral femur. Comparison of the results indicated these gauges were well‐bonded and that they were sensing strain accurately. After embedding in PMMA, the femur having the HA‐backed gauge and the control femur were sectioned at the level of one of the HA‐backed gauges, Microradiographs of these sections indicated no adverse tissue response to the HA‐backed gauge on the endosteal or periosteal surface.
Applied biomaterials standards report
Authors: Daniels A. U. “Dan” 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of my column is to provide readers with current information on biomaterials‐related standards produced by both private groups and government agencies, and standards‐related activities. Standards are descriptive documents given official status by their producers, and in the case of biomaterials, they are generally intended to provide formalized descriptions of (a) materials used in the construction of medical devices, (b) materials used directly in surgical repairs, (c) test methods to evaluate materials for such applications and (d) methods for handling or processing such materials.Please consider this column not only a place to obtain biomaterials standards information but also a place to submit news of biomaterials standards developments in order to get the information before the public. This invitation extends to members of all professional organizations and government agencies in the United States and abroad who are active in standards development and would like specific activities or standards publicized. I will present the information in this column to the extent that allotted space allows.And last, a caveat—since this is a column, it contains both factual information and opinions. I will make every effort to make it clear which is which. Also, as a frame of reference, please note that this column was written and submitted in June 1990.
Histological and ultrastructural observations at the interface of expanded polytetrafluorethylene anterior cruciate ligament implants
Authors: Müller‐Mai C. M. , Gross U. M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAnteior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts made from expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) were examined after failure (n = 7; 3 instabilities, 2 partial and 2 complete ruptures) to provide information about secondary fixation mechanisms via ingrowth of the different tissues. The ultrastructural evaluation clearly evidenced the existence of two main interface areas of ePTFE ACL‐replacement: First, in areas without a dense cellular infiltrate there was interdigitating collagen producing a dense ePTFE‐collagen network. Additionally, in a few areas of the graft/bone‐tunnel interface a fibrous cartilage or bone regenerate could be demonstrated to be in contact with the prosthesis. Second, there was a dense infiltration of macrophages and multinuclear giant cells, partially containing birefringent material of implant origin, with and without a neosynovia‐like reaction product, indicating a disturbance of tissue integration of the prosthesis. In areas of inflammation there was no bone development and only few collagen interdigitation with the graft material. This study provides further knowledge about mechanisms of secondary graft fixation due to tissue ingrowth. The interdigitation of collagen fibers and ePTFE filaments provides interfaces which should be at least partially resistant against load.
Plasticizer permeation across mucosal tissue: An experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Pink David A. , Foong Wai‐Choong , Jones Derek W. , Gates Kimberly A. , Mezei Micheal , Farrell Kevin 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn vitro transmucosal permeation of (14C)‐dibutyl phthalate [(14C)DBP], across intact mucosal hamster tissue compared to keratin‐stripped mucosal tissue indicated no significant difference (p ≈ 0.069) in (14C)‐DBP. However, significantly greater (p < 0.022) DBP was found to be concentrated in the keratin‐stripped after a period of 6 h. The amount of (14C)‐DBP permeating both tissues followed a similar linear increase for next 3 h. However, between 3 and 4 h, the rate of permeation through the untraumatized tissue significantly decreased. This was followed by a rapid linear increase for the next 3 h. In contrast, the cumulative amount of (14C)‐DBP permeating the traumatized tissue showed a linear correlation (r = 0.995) over the 6‐h period. A theoretical two‐layer model was constructed to allow computer simulations of the (14C)‐DBP permeation. It was indicated that an average diffusion coefficient for a single DBP molecule through the intact keratin layer would be ∼ 100 times less than through the remaining layer of the model. The model has enabled a possible explanation to be put forward, describing the role of the keratin layer in the permeation of plasticizer mucosal tissue.
Lattice defects in calcium phosphate ceramics: High resolution TEM ultrastructural study
Authors: Daculsi G. , Legeros R. Z. , Legeros J. P. , Mitre D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUltrastructural properties of precipitated apatites were characterized before and after sintering at 900 and 1250 °C using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The apatite crystals were oriented with respect to the electron beam so that the crystals could be examined in relation to the high resolution images of the (001) and (100) planes. The ultrastructural properties were found to be affected by sintering temperature. Numerous lattice defects, including atomic vacancies, dislocations and two types of grain boundaries were observed. In addition, a new type of three‐dimensional lattice defect was frequently observed in the apatites sintered at 900 °C. This type of lattice defect has the character of a hexagonal parallelipiped void, probably resulting from an aggregation of atomic vacancies. Calcium phosphate ceramics (hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate) prepared by precipitation and subsequent sintering to temperatures above 1100 °C are presently used as bone grafts. The amount and kind of defects such as those observed in this study have significant implications on the extent of the degradation of these materials in vivo.
Application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECSWL) in orthopaedics. II. Dose–response and pressure distribution measurements
Authors: Park J. B. , Park S. H. , Weinstein J. N. , Loening S. , Oster D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn order to apply the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter (ECWSL) technique to the loosening of the bone–cement interface for the extraction of the cement during revision arthroplasty it is essential to know the dose‐response characteristics. The present study shows that the number of shocks needed to break the interface between a 2‐ and 6‐mm‐thick bovine femoral bone and bone cement is similar to the fatigue behavior of a material, that is, Log(N) = C(kV) + D, where N is the number of shock impulses, kV is the power setting of the lithotripter machine in kilovolts, and C and D are constants. Iso‐pressure distribution of the traveling shock wave front through a simulated bone in a Plexiglass® tube using Fuji® pressure film showed quantitative pressure contours from which one can understand the effective area of shock wave and its distribution. The most effective area of the shock wave was about 1.5 cm in diameter at 23 and 25 kV with pressure at least 7.0 MPa which is more than sufficient to break the bone–cement interface in tension.
Applied Biomaterials Standards Report
Authors: Daniels A. U.“Dan” 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of my column is to provide readers with current information on biomaterials related standards produced by both private groups and government agencies, and also on standards‐related activities. Standards are descriptive documents given official status by their producers, and in the case of biomaterials, they are generally intended to provide formalized descriptions, of (a) materials used in the construction of medical devices, (b) materials used directly in surgical repairs, (c) test methods to evaluate materials for such applications, and (d) methods for handling or processing such materials.Please consider this column not only a place to obtain biomaterials standards information, but also a place to submit news of biomaterials standards developments in order to get the information before the public. This invitation extends to members of all professional organizations and government agencies in the United States and abroad who are active in standards development and would like specific activities or standards publicized. I will present the information in this column to the extent that allotted space allows.At last, a caveat–since this is a column, it contains both factual information and opinions. I will make every effort to make it clear which is which. Also, as a frame of reference, please note that this column was written and submitted in June 1991.
Thrombus deposition on polyurethanes designed for biomedical applications
Authors: Wabers H. D. , Hergenrother R. W. , Coury A. J. , Cooper S. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThrombogenicity was assessed by measuring the amount of 111In‐platelets and 125I‐fibrinogen deposited on the inner luminal surface of six polyurethanes for up to 60 min of blood contact in a canine ex‐vivo shunt model. Commerical and laboratory synthesized polymers were examined. Two of the commercially synthesized polyurethanes (Biostable PURs) do not contain ether linkages in the polymer backbone and have previously shown resistance to oxidative and hydrolytic degradation. Static contact angle measurements, dynamic contact angle measurements, and ESCA were used to characterize the surfaces of these polyurethanes. The effectiveness of an acetone extraction used to remove extrusion waxes from Pellethane 2363‐80A was similarly studied. Both Pellethane 2363‐80A and the ether‐free materials had relatively nonthrombogenic surfaces, as indicated by low platelet and fibrinogen deposition, making them potentially good candidates for biomedical applications.
Alkyl cyanoacrylates as space filling bone adhesives
Authors: Bhat S. , Askew M. J. , Njus G. , Smith D. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHigher chained alkyl cyanoacrylates have potential to function efficiently as space filling, hydrophobic, viscoelastic, biocompatible, and rapidly polymerizing bone adhesives. Hence they may be useful in applications where a void has to be filled, such as replacement of the intervertebral disc. To assess their applicability as space filling material in such an pplication, three alkyl cyanoacrylates; methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate, isobutyl cyanoacrylate, and isoamyl cyanoacrylate have been evaluated in this study. The bonding strength of these cyanoacrylates to bone in a space filling situation have been measured. The results indicate the bond strength of isoamyl cyanoacrylate (0.13 MPa) to be significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared with methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate (0.33 MPa) and isobutyl cyanoacrylate (0.37 MPa). There was no significant difference in the bond strengths of isobutyl cyanoacrylate and methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate.
The effect of a TCP–collagen implant on the healing of articular cartilage defects in the rabbit knee joint
Authors: Hogervorst Tom , Meijer Dirk W. , Klopper Pieter J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOsteochondral defects in the rabbit knee were filled with a TCP‐collagen mixture. In the femoral condyles a fibrous tissue was formed in the defects similar to that seen in control defects. In the tibial plateau defects were made with penetration of the underlying epiphysis. Repair tissue was formed resembling articular cartilage. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In vivo biocompatibility of an acrylic, fluoride‐releasing, anion‐exchange resin
Authors: Benton John B. , Zimmerman Barbara F. , Zimmerman Karl L. , Ralph Rawls H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study evaluated the biocompatibility of an unfilled, fluoride‐releasing acrylic resin by subcutaneous implantation in guinea pigs. The experimental fluoride resin was compared to a nonfluoride, dental pit and fissure sealant (DELTON) of similar composition. Thirty‐four male albino guinea pigs received four Teflon® tubes each, implanted in the dorsal area. The tubes were open at both ends, three contained the experimental fluoride resin and one held the nonfluoride resin. The tubes and surrounding tissue were excised in 1–2 cm blocks, by necropsy, at 14 and 84 days. Histological evaluation showed that inflammatory response was none‐to‐slight at 14 days for 95% of the fluoride and 100% of the nonfluoride specimens. Five percent of the fluoride specimens produced a moderate tissue response. At 84 days, inflammatory response was none‐to‐slight for 82.5% of the fluoride and 61.5% of the commercial nonfluoride specimens, while 17.5% of the fluoride and 38.5% of the nonfluoride specimens produced moderate tissue responses. Chi‐squared analysis and Fisher's Exact test revealed no statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in tissue response between the two resins at either 14 or 84 days. Hence it is concluded that the experimental, fluoride‐releasing resin produces a very mild subcutaneous tissue response and that its biocompatibility is comparable to that of a widely used nonfluoride dental resin. It can, therefore, be considered as having a high potential for biological safety as a dental restorative resin or adhesive, or for other biomedical applications. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative studies of the toxicity of standard reference materials in various cytotoxicity tests and in vivo implantation tests
Authors: Tsuchiya Toshie , Ikarashi Yoshiaki , Hata Hideyo , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Takahashi Michihito , Uchima Takao , Tanaka Noriho , Sasaki Toshi , Nakamura Akitada 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPolyurethane films that contained various amounts of zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) were prepared as standard reference materials (SRM). Using three cell lines of V79, L929, and Balb/3T3 cells, the cytotoxicity of the dithiocarbamates and the SRM films were compared by agar diffusion assay, filter diffusion assay, neutral red assay, cell growth assay, and colony assay. Among these in vitro cytotoxicity tests, colony assay was found to be the most sensitive method for detecting the cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic potentials of extracts from SRM films correlated well with the concentrations of ZDEC or ZDBC involved in SRM. When various rubber materials including SRM and surgical rubber latex materials were tested, cytotoxic potentials of these extracts were also correlated with the inflammatory tissue capsule thickness in short‐term implantation tests. On the basis of these results, the SRM is judged to be useful for validating test sensitivity, and comparing the correlation between in vitro and in vivo responses. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.