Effects of tachykinins and capsaicin on the mechanical and electrical activity of the guinea‐pig isolated trachea
Authors: Girard Valerie , Félétou Michel , Advenier Charles , Canet Emmanuel 
Published: January 2005

The effects of tachykinins and capsaicin were studied by means of intracellular membrane potential and isometric tension recordings in the isolated trachea of the guinea‐pig.
The basal membrane potential averaged −51 mV, and most preparations demonstrated spontaneous slow waves. Tetraethylammonium (TEA), a potassium channel blocker (8×10−3 M), depolarized the membrane potential to −44 mV and induced a rhythmic activity.
In control solution, substance P (10−8–10−6 M), [Nle10]‐neurokinin A(4–10) (10−8–10−6 M) and capsaicin (10−7–10−6 M) induced concentration‐dependent depolarizations which were statistically significant at the highest concentration tested (depolarization by 10−6 M: 8, 11 and 16 mV for the NK1 agonist, the NK2 agonist and capsaicin, respectively).
In the presence of TEA (8×10−3 M), the three substances induced depolarizations which were statistically significant at the highest concentration tested for substance P (10−6 M) and at 10−7 and 10−6 M for both [Nle10]‐neurokinin A(4–10) and capsaicin (depolarization by 10−6 M: 11, 17 and 10 mV for substance P, [Nle10]neurokinin A(4–10) and capsaicin, respectively).
In the presence or absence of tetraethylammonium, [MePhe7]‐neurokinin B (10−8–10−6 M) did not induce any significant changes in membrane potential.
The depolarizing effects of substance P (10−6 M) and [Nle10]‐neurokinin A(4–10) (10−6 M) were blocked only by the specific antagonists for NK1 and NK2 receptors, SR 140333 (10−7 M) and SR 48968 (10−7 M), respectively. The effects of capsaicin (10−6 M) were partially inhibited by each antagonist and fully blocked by their combination.
Substance P (10−9 to 10−4 M), [Nle10]‐neurokinin A(4–10) (10−10 to 10−5 M), [MePhe7]‐neurokinin B and capsaicin (10−7 to 10−5 M) evoked concentration‐dependent contractions.
The contractions to substance P were significantly inhibited by SR 140333 (10−8 to 10−6 M) but unaffected by SR 48968 (10−8 to 10−6 M). Furthermore, the response to [Nle10]‐neurokinin A(4–10) was significantly inhibited by SR 48968 and unaffected by SR 140333 at the same concentrations. Although SR 48968 (10−7 M) alone did not influence the effects of substance P, it potentiated the inhibitory effect of SR 140333 (10−7 M). A similar synergetic effect of these two compounds was observed in the inhibition of the contractile response to [Nle10]‐neurokinin A(4–10).
Neither SR 140333 (10−7 M) nor SR 48968 (10−7 M) alone influenced the contractions to [MePhe7]‐neurokinin B and capsaicin. However, the combination of the two antagonists abolished the contractions to either peptide.
These results demonstrate that the stimulation of both NK1 and NK2 tachykinin‐receptors induced contraction and depolarization of the guinea‐pig tracheal smooth muscle and that both receptors were stimulated during the endogenous release of tachykinins by capsaicin. There was no evidence for a major role of NK3 receptors in the contractile and electrical activity of the guinea‐pig isolated trachea.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 122, 841–848; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701459