bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease diagnosis in Cassava leaves using CNN design and ResNet algorithm
Authors: M L Sneha Snigdha  
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Growth rate of crops is significantly lowered by illnesses that affect plants. It is impossible for anyone to eat the crops since they are tainted with various diseases. Farmers may suffer enormous losses as a consequence. Since cassava is an important food source in several countries, the financial system might be seriously damaged by the issue at hand.
Objectives: Traditional plant pathogen detection is labour-intensive and error-prone. It is not typically a dependable strategy to identify and stop the spread of plant viruses. Innovative technologies like deep learning as well as machine learning might aid in the early detection of plant diseases as an approach to get around these problems.
Methods: The main goal of the work is to employ deep learning to image classification in order to accurately identify diseases that especially impact cassava plants.
Results: This recognition may make it possible to implement preventative measures like the specific application of chemical pesticides or confinement of contaminated crops. Each and every training and testing image comes from a rural area in the natural world. Using a specific collection of information, the simulation has been verified to ascertain its true results.
Conclusions: The installation of a precise disease identification and mitigation model has the potential to significantly increase the durability of the cassava crop, improving food production and the quality of life for millions of people who are dependent upon this valuable crop.
Mathematical Modelling and Propagation of Infectious Diseases in Confined Areas
Authors: Srinivasarao veerla  
Published: January 2025

A mathematical model for the propagation of infectious diseases has been discussed in this paper. The model that has been examined is basically SIR model. The governing equations have been solved to the best possible solution. The influence of critical parameters over the system has been discussed with the graphical illustrations. It is observed that as the transmission (β) increases the sensitive population and, with the duration increasing, the vulnerable population diminishes and stays constant and is time-independent. Further, it is observed that as the rate of infection increases the susceptible population tens to zero. In addition to the above as rate of recovered individual (R) increases the susceptible population (S) decreases. The phenomena is an agreement with the real life situation. In addition to the above as rate of recovered individual increases the susceptible population decreases.
Advancements in Speech Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Techniques with a Focus on GAN-AE Integration
Authors: Mandar Pramod Diwakar  
Published: January 2025

The utilization of speech recognition technology assumes a critical role in contemporary applications, encompassing virtual assistants and transcription services. This thorough evaluation paper examines the present state of voice recognition with a specific emphasis on machine learning methodologies, particularly the integration of Generative Adversarial Networks and Autoencoders (GAN-AE). The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of methodologies including supervised and unsupervised learning as well as deep learning architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). It accentuates the obstacles encountered within the field such as the robustness to noise, scarcity of data and real-time processing while proposing innovative solutions that leverage GAN-AE. The significance of GAN-AE is emphasized through practical case studies that showcase its efficacy in various applications ranging from augmenting voice assistants to adapting to different accents and limited data scenarios. The findings underscore the potential of this technology to enhance accuracy and adaptability across diverse domains. Additionally, this document recognizes potential avenues for future exploration, proposing an investigation of the incorporation of voice recognition with other modalities as well as addressing ethical considerations regarding prejudice and privacy. In summary, this survey paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on speech recognition by providing valuable insights, novel solutions, and directions for future research, all in the pursuit of more precise and responsible technology.
Face Identification based on different Convolutional Neural Network Models for Security System: A Review
Authors: Reena Sharma  
Published: January 2025

Computer based authentication system is reliable and mature in technology driven world. When this authentication is based on biometrics then it is more secure. Face is most prominent identifier in biometric system. Many challenges have come in recognition process when environment is unconstrained. In this paper, different pre trained deep learning models like: VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, MobileNetV2 are applied to the LFW dataset for Face Recognition. These models are pre trained on ImageNet dataset and for LFW dataset, we achieved the accuracy for fine tune model 73.51%, 74.70%, 87.76%, 90.49% respectively. It has been observed that highestaccuracy has been found by the MobileNetV2which is pre trained on ImageNet dataset.
“Festival de la arcilla” como práctica ciudadana activista del departamento del Huila
Authors: Ruiz Solórzano Jaime 
Published: January 2025

El siguiente texto titulado “El ‘Festival de la arcilla’ como práctica ciudadana activista del departamento del Huila” hace parte de la continuación de un proyecto de investigación que busca establecer las relaciones entre las artes visuales y la violencia política. El propósito del escrito consiste en reflexionar sobre las experiencias que han tenido algunas comunidades para dinamizar las prácticas visuales correspondientes al activismo artístico ciudadano. Como situación problemática se busca indagar sobre los modos que tales activismos se visibilizan en el sur de nuestro país. Se trata de una investigación sobre el arte contemporáneo colombiano, fundamentada en los estudios sociales; por lo cual es un proyecto de carácter interdisciplinario. La metodología aplicada versa sobre consulta de documentos, realización de entrevistas y la revisión de fotografías. El escrito concluye que las prácticas ciudadanas activistas corresponden a otras maneras de implementar el activismo social o los movimientos que buscan contradecir los parámetros culturales establecidos. Tales prácticas involucran a las personas y grupos generalmente segregados o invisibilizados por medio de la activa participación; al tiempo, se centran en una serie de planeaciones, gestiones y acciones de tipo etnográfico, en el cual los proyectos planteados y las actividades formativas/creativas se desenvuelven en, con y para grupos comunitarios. En suma, se puede decir que las prácticas ciudadanas activistas citadas lograron la organización comunitaria y crear arte con colectividades y en territorios por fuera de los marcos artísticos de visibilización departamental y nacional.
Diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea in Bubalus bubalis dairy farms
Authors: Gavidia Oriana , Pérez-Gil Rosaura 
Published: January 2025

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a disease with worldwide distribution and endemic in most bovine populations, causing a wide range of clinical manifestations, including reproductive disorders, such as embryo mortality and abortions, and low milk production. The purpose of this research was to describe the situation of BVD in Bubalus bubalis females from one dairy farm, in Portuguesa state, Venezuela. Fifty-two 52 samples were taken in August 2022. From these, 22 were from a low milk yield group (3.35 ± 0.30 liters/day) and 30 from a high milk yield group (6.91 ± 0.82 liters). The farmer reported fluctuations in milk production, weak calves, the presence of blisters in the oral cavity and dead animals. The ELISA test was performed to detect BVD p80 antibody using the IDvet ® kit, and the positive cases were defined using a cut-off value sample/negative ≤ 40. The seropositive results for the non-structural protein p80, in general, were 55.76%. In the group of buffaloes with low milk yield, 54.54% were positive, while in the group with high milk yield, 53.33% were positive, with no significant differences between animal groups (p>0.05). These results show a humoral immune response against potential BVD infections (regardless of the milk yield) since p80 is a non-structural protein that manifests during viral replication. Therefore, it is suggested to implement sanitary plans for the control of BVDV to minimize the economic losses associated with the disease.
Digital Mock-up analysis using Artificial Intelligence of Things
Authors:   Design Engineer (Tata Technologies) Pune, India, Roy Soutrik 
Published: January 2025

Digital Mock-Up units (DMU) are a design or human factor for study and inspection of Computer Aided Designs to help designers identify key design issues and factors which can lead to the functional failure of a product in the early stages of development. Digital Mock-Ups can be used by Computer Aided Design (CAD) & Non- Computer Aided design users to review a product before sending a design to the final stage i.e. Production. Currently, Digital Mock-Ups is used in a wide variety of industries ranging from automobiles to healthcare to aerospace. Additionally, DMU also has some drawbacks such as being time consuming, leading to human errors & repetitive work etc. This paper explores what is the current review process of Digital Mock-Ups in the industry to derive technological & functional information and how latest technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IOT) can be adopted to review Digital Mock-Ups even more effectively using technologies like computer vision and image recognition to reduce human error in the review process.

Key Words: Digital Mock-up Units, Artificial Intelligence of Things, Sensors, Image Recognition, Object Detection, Machine Vision
IN-VITRO PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AND CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES EITHER SINGLY OR LOADED WITH CIPROFLOXACIN ANTIBIOTIC AS NANODRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Sabry Sara Mahmoud , Abdel-ghany Hasaneen Mohammed Nagib , Omer Aya Moheb , Ahmed  El-Sayed Ahmed Kassem , Ateya Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: January 2025

Engineered nanomaterials have been used increasingly in the medecinal field to improve drug delivery efficacy in the healthcare field because of their unique physicochemical characteristics. In the current study, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were synthesized by polymerization of methacrylic acid in chitosan solution. Meanwhile, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) were synthesized by using the hot homogenization method. Chitosan nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles either singly or loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic were characterized using morphological, physical, chemical, electrical and biological methods. Both chitosan nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles had spherical shape meanwhile, the size was range from 50.96 nm to 108.42 nm for chitosan nanoparticles and 107 nm for solid lipid nanoparticles, and retained the properties of the drug after loading. The size of both nanomaterials was increased after loading with ciprofloxacin by 145.5% and 49.66 %, respectively. Both prepared nanomaterials offered controlled drug release after 12 hrs Antibacterial activity of solid lipid nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles either singly or loaded with ciprofloxacin was evaluated against Salmonella enteritidis as a Gram-ve bacterial strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each prepared nanodrugs against Salmonella enteritidis was determined as 0.0002 mg ml-1 and the antibacterial effect of either nanomaterials, antibiotic singly or loaded with antibiotic as nanodrug delivery systems showed significant variable higher increase in inhibition rate of the pathogen. The following sequence of the treatment: CSNPs-CIP; 2.0 mg ml-1 > SLNPs-CIP; 2.0 mg ml-1 > control (CIP; 2.0 mg ml-1) > SLNPs-CIP; 0.2 mg ml-1 > CSNPs-CIP; 0.002 mg ml-1 was displayed with respect to percent change inhibition effect on bacterial pathogen. In conclusion, we recommended an intensive work on the biosafety of using nanomaterials as nanodrug delivery systems for treatment of infectious diseases.
INSILICO DOCKING STUDIES OF VARIOUS COMPOUNDS OF Euphorbia hirta L., PLANT ON FERRITIN, OXYHEMOGLOBIN, HEPCIDIN, AND TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS
Authors: Yaseen C Mohammed , Hamsa C B , Bhavani Kesarla , Muthukumar A. , Srivastava Noopur , Paarakh Padmaa M 
Published: January 2025

Anemia is characterized as having a lower hemoglobin (Hb) level than normal. Iron supplements are currently prescribed as a medicine for treating anemia. As iron supplements have more side effects such as CNS toxicity and cancer herbal medications are majorly preferred for the treatment of the disease. Euphorbia hirta L., is a plant that is majorly available worldwide and helps treat various diseases. The current research aimed to study the docking analysis of various compounds of the plant Euphorbia hirta L., on receptors such as Ferritin, Oxyhemoglobin, Transferrin, and Hepcidin and to evaluate the results obtained using PyRx software. Alongside docking, Toxicity and ADME analysis is done using Protox 2 and the Swiss ADME website. The ADME results showed that except for camphol, and phenylhydrazine there is no BBB penetration for any compound. The docking result showed that on receptor Ferritin, camphol has the highest binding score of -4.6. For protein Oxyhemoglobin, phenylhydrazine has the highest score of -5.3. For protein Hepcidin -4.7 is the highest score for phenylhydrazine and citronellol. For protein transferrin, citronellol has the highest score of -4.4. It is hypothesized from the current docking research that the chemical compounds of the Euphorbia hirta L., plant have an anti-anemic effect on various individuals and it can also be used in designing new drugs used for anemic therapy.
PRODUCTION OF LACTIC ACID FROM BREWER’S SPENT GRAIN BY USING DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES AND DIFFERENT LACTOBACILLUS PENTOSUS STRAINS
Authors: Ayhan Sakine , KALKAN YILDIRIM Hatice 
Published: January 2025

Brewer's spent grain (BSG), which is released as a by-product from brewing process, has attracted the attention of scientific research as a low-cost raw material for biotechnological applications. In this study, BSG was used as fermentation medium for production of lactic acid by using different Lb. pentosus strains (Lactobacillus pentosus O157, Lactobacillus pentosus O18, Lactobacillus pentosus O19). Initially, BSG was diluted with 1.25% of H₂SO₄, a solid/liquid ratio (1:8 g/g) for hydrolysis of the medium containing hemicellulose sugars. Lactic acid production conditions by using Lactobacillus pentosus strains were optimized as: pH 6.0, 96 hours at 31°C and 20.0 % of xylose concentration. The maximum amount and yield for lactic acid (22.4 g/L; 13.80 %) was produced with a strain of Lactobacillus pentosus O18, respectively. In the second part of the study, different nitrogen sources (yeast extract, corn steep water, peptone, urea and tryptone) were used for production of lactic acid by using Lactobacillus pentosus O18 strain. In order to meet the complex organic matter needs of lactic acid bacteria, different nitrogen sources were calculated on the basis of equivalent nitrogen (10 g/L of yeast extract) amount. Among used sources the highest yield was obtained with yeast extract followed by peptone.
The Effect of the Implementation of Learning Models Student Teams Achievement Division (Stad) Stem Based on Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Reviewed from Mathematics Learning Styles
Authors: Rezki Amalia Nosa , Marzal Jefri , Kamid Kamid 
Published: January 2025

In initial observations, it was seen that students did not write down what they knew (interpretation), were not precise in making mathematical models (analysis), were less precise in using strategies to solve problems (evaluation), and had no conclusions (inference). After paying attention, students have different learning styles. However, the learning model used has not been able to improve mathematical critical thinking skills in terms of learning style. This research aims to find out how mathematical critical thinking skills are treated with the STEM-based STAD learning model in terms of learning styles. This type of research is quantitative research with research subjects namely class X students at MAN 1 Muaro Jambi. The research design used was a posttest only control design. The population was 115 students from 4 classes and the sample consisted of 3 classes, namely experimental class I (29 students), experimental class II (29 students), and control (28 students). The sampling technique was carried out using the cluster random sampling technique. The instruments in this research were observation sheets, learning style questionnaires, and mathematical critical thinking ability tests. The data obtained in this study were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test. The results of the research show that: 1) There is an influence of the application of the STEM-based STAD model on mathematical critical thinking skills where the significance value of the learning model is , so is rejected or is accepted, 2) There is no influence of learning style on mathematical critical thinking skills with The significance value for learning style is , so is rejected or is accepted, and 3) There is no interaction between the application of the STEM-based STAD model and learning style on mathematical critical thinking skills with a significance value of , so is rejected or accepted. The results of the research concluded that the STEM-based STAD learning model applied in experimental class I was more effective for mathematical critical thinking skills, as evidenced by the average mathematical critical thinking ability of the STEM-based STAD learning model of which is greater than the average. using STAD and direct instruction.
Zelforganisatie vanuit het perspectief van burgers
Authors: Specht Maurice 
Published: January 2025

A citizens’ perspective on self organisation. Lessons from citizen participation in three European cities
Based on the experience of citizens initiatives in Antwerpen (Belgium), Dortmund (Germany) and Rotterdam (the Netherlands), this article explores the roles of citizens in these projects. The initiatives were not started by already active citizens, but by inactive citizens who were triggered to take action by an event in their direct surroundings. The cases studied show that many small, simple and everyday strategies, which are often overlooked by researchers, are meaningful for successful citizenship. The will to participate is not so much ideologically or democratically driven, but driven by a perceived practical need for action. Governments should aim to support and facilitate these initiatives without aiming to canalize these activities according to their own political or democratic rationality.
Kroniek: bespreking van ‘Vertrouwen in burgers’, rapport 88 van de Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid
Authors: de Bruijn Hans 
Published: January 2025

Review of ‘Confidence in Citizens’, report 88 by the Dutch Scientific Council for Government Policy
The report Confidence in Citizens by the Dutch Scientific Council for Government Policy dominantly supports increased room for citizen participation. Based on many examples, the report shows how society benefits from the many citizens’ initiatives and how government interference can hamper or even obstruct these initiatives, which do not fit the logic of civil servants. The report gives four, rather general suggestions of how policy makers could respond to these citizens’ initiatives. The generic character of these recommendations can be ascribed to a weak problem analysis and a biased understanding of how government actions negatively interfere with citizens’ initiatives. The Council could have asked more critical questions with regards to citizens initiatives and how they should respond to the logic of government.
Meedoen met de overheid?
Authors: Oude Vrielink Mirjan , Verhoeven Imrat , van de Wijdeven Ted 
Published: January 2025

Co-production with or co-optation by government?
Over the past decade, policy attention for ‘active citizenship’ and ‘bottom up’ citizen initiatives has strongly increased. Nowadays, governments tend to approach citizens more and more as practical ‘doers’: as active citizens that can initiate projects in the public domain – for instance to increase the livability of their neighborhood. The dominant policy perspective on what is called the ‘democracy of action’ is one of a small government (to make room for a ‘big society’) that is not directive but supportive to active citizens.In this article, we first argue that in practice we observe two ‘silent ideologies’ that suppress this policy perspective of the democracy of action. We call these the silent ideologies of ‘professional centralism’ and of ‘instrumental support’; we claim that in practice these ideologies enable the dominance of professionals over citizen initiatives (and nót that of the citizens). Second we state that the policy perspective of the democracy of action itself contains a silent ideology: it assumes a highly depoliticized form of citizenship. In the short term, this may be convenient for administrators and policy makers but in the long run this can lead to a less democracy because the voices of critical citizens are not heard.
De stille ideologie in het techniekdebat
Authors: van Est Rinie 
Published: January 2025

The silent ideology in the technology debate
The information revolution, and in particular the convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive technology, creates a new societal arena: biopolitics. This so-called NBIC-convergence strengthens the promise that live, including our bodies (e.g. genes), brains (e.g. attention) and social environment (e.g. social contacts and consumer behaviour), can be brought into the domain of technological manipulability. NBIC-convergence, therefore, raises many social and ethical issues. The dominant naïve belief in progress through technology often stands in the way of a timely and adequate governance of these issues. The current situation in which the information revolution is mainly developing on the political sidelines, can lead to thorny societal and political problems in the mid and long-term.
De normaalste zaak van de wereld?
Authors: Candel Jeroen , Princen Sebastiaan 
Published: January 2025

Business as usual? Cross-border attitudes of Dutch police officers
Because of the blurring of the European internal borders, combating crime is demanding closer cross-border collaboration between police forces. For that reason, the Dutch police have expressed the objective that dealing with cases with an international component should be an integral part of the job for every police officer. This study focuses on the attitudes of Dutch police officers regarding cross-border policing, and seeks to determine which factors have the greatest effect on those attitudes. This attitude approach contrasts with more traditional, top-down approaches, by shifting the focus to micro dynamics on the individual level. The methods chosen for addressing this research objective consist of semi-structured interviews and observations. The results show that the current attitude of Dutch police officers is mainly determined by the extent to which they have had to deal with international issues in their daily work. Although strong organization-wide attitudes towards cross-border policing are not likely to arise, much could still be gained by facilitating cross-border experiences and making more coherent efforts at socialization.