bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential impact of incentives on future blood donation behavior
Authors: Sanchez Ana M. , Ameti Dannie I. , Schreiber George B. , Thomson Ruth A. , Lo Annie , Bethel James , Williams Alan E. ,   for the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: It is important to assess the potential efficacy and safety of offering donation incentives as part of recruitment and retention programs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : In 1995, 7489 allogeneic donors responded to an anonymous mail survey that inquired about demographics, donation history, infectious disease risks, and the potential appeal of incentives.RESULTS: The projected net effect of offering blood credits and medical testing would be to motivate, respectively, 58 percent and 46 percent of donors to return, whereas offering an item of limited value would motivate 20 percent to do so. First‐time and younger donors reported more frequently than repeat or older donors that incentives would appeal to them. Donors attracted by cash were 60 percent more likely to have a risk for transfusion‐transmissible infections (p = 0.03). Although not statistically significant, the odds of being an at‐risk donor were higher among individuals attracted by tickets to events (OR 1.5) and extra time off work (OR 1.2).CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that offering blood credits and (though to a lesser extent) items of limited value could be safe and effective strategies for retaining donors. Although medical tests were found to have broad appeal, studies are needed to identify tests in which donors would be most interested.
Effect of gamma radiation on the in vitro aggregability of WBC‐reduced apheresis platelets
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Schmidt Stefan , Zingsem Jürgen , Glaser Anke , Weisbach Volker , Ruf Andreas , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The effect of gamma radiation on single‐donor apheresis platelet concentrates (SDPs) has been elucidated only incompletely. The only existing report on the function of SDPs stored in the irradiated state found a deterioration in the in vitro aggregability at the end of shelf life in SDPs divided before irradiation with 1500 cGy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The in vitro properties of platelets were examined in four series of irradiated and control platelets, each obtained from the same 15 donors. Irradiation with 3000 cGy was performed on Days 0, 3, and 5. Cellular content, aggregability by ADP alone or ADP and epinephrine, spontaneous and induced CD62 expression, β‐thromboglobulin release, glucose consumption, lactate production, and pH were measured immediately after preparation and on Days 3 and 5 after donation.RESULTS: Comparable in vitro properties were measured in irradiated and control platelets, whether irradiation was performed on Day 3 or Day 5. However, in platelets irradiated on Day 0, we found a significantly better in vitro aggregability by 20 μM ADP immediately after irradiation and by 10 μM ADP and 2 μM epinephrine at the end of shelf life than was found in the other groups (Day 5 results: Day 0 irradiation: 75 ± 32%; Day 3 irradiation: 45 ± 45%; Day 5 irradiation: 47 ± 41%; control: 40 ± 24%; p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Gamma radiation had no adverse effect on platelet quality in extremely WBC‐reduced SDPs. On the contrary, a slight, but significantly better in vitro aggregability was found in SDPs irradiated before storage than in platelets irradiated later during storage and in unirradiated platelets. This increased in vitro aggregability persisted until the end of shelf life.
Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of erythrocytapheresis for SCD
Authors: Nifong Thomas P. , Bongiovanni Michael B. , Gerhard Glenn S. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Erythrocytapheresis is used to prevent acute chest syndrome and stroke in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, such regimens are associated with significant risks, such as iron overload and potential exposure to transfusion‐transmitted infectious diseases. Computer modeling of erythrocytapheresis procedures may help optimize treatments and minimize risks.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Mathematical models based upon material balance equations and patient‐specific statistical analyses were developed to estimate HbS levels immediately after erythrocytapheresis and immediately before the next treatment. The equations were incorporated into a software application that was used to model the effects of various treatment values on four patients treated with 90 erythrocytapheresis procedures.RESULTS: Immediate postprocedure HbS values were accurately estimated with correlations between measured and calculated values ranging from R2 = 0.83 to 0.96. Estimates of HbS just before the next treatment correlated well in three patients (R2 = 0.71 to 0.83) but poorly in one (R2 = 0.28 to 0.46). Varying the treatment values by computer simulation led to a wide variation in the number of RBC units and the net RBC volume transfused.CONCLUSION: Computer modeling of erythrocytapher‐esis can be used to optimize chronic treatment regimens for SCD patients and potentially to minimize the risks of overtransfusion.
Effect of rejuvenation and frozenstorage on 42‐day‐old AS‐1 RBCs
Authors: Szymanski Irma O. , Teno Richard A. , Lockwood William B. , Hudgens Russell , Johnson George S. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The FDA has approved a 42‐day storage period for RBCs stored in ADSOL (AS‐1). This study was undertaken to provide data for the FDA about the feasibility of salvaging AS‐1 RBCs at the end of their storage period by rejuvenation and freezing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: The investigation, consisting of a study (n = 10) and control (n = 6) arm, was carried out in two centers. In both centers, eight healthy volunteers donated a unit (450 mL) of whole blood. The RBC concentrates were stored at 4°C in AS‐1 for 42 days. The study units were rejuvenated, whereas the control units were not. All units were stored frozen at —80°C, then deglycerolized and kept for an additional 24 hours at 4°C.RESULTS: After the 42‐day storage period, ATP had declined to 62 percent of the original value, 2,3 DPG was zero, and MCV was significantly larger than that of fresh RBCs. Following rejuvenation and deglycerolization, the mean ATP level was 141 percent, the mean 2,3 DPG level was 109 percent, and the MCV was normal. The freeze‐thaw‐wash recovery of the rejuvenated and nonrejuvenated RBCs was similar, 88.4 and 84.0 percent, respectively. There was no difference in hypoxanthine, inosine, and uric acid levels in the rejuvenated and nonrejuvenated units, which indicated that the chemicals in the rejuvenation solution and their by‐products had been removed during processing. In both centers, the mean 24‐hour survival of rejuvenated, deglycerolized RBCs exceeded 75 percent, whereas that of nonrejuvenated RBCs did not. The long‐term survival rates of viable study and control RBCs were similar.CONCLUSION: Forty‐two‐day‐old AS‐1 RBCs that have been rejuvenated and then frozen have more than 75 percent viability and normal oxygen delivery function. Rejuvenation of RBCs does not introduce additional safety hazards to blood transfusion.
Outcomes of a program to evaluate mother and baby 6 months after umbilical cord blood donation
Authors: Lecchi Lucilla , Rebulla Paolo , Ratti Ilaria , Magri Mara , Garcea Filomena , Marangoni Francesca , Bertelé Tommaso , Giordano Rosaria , Sirchia Girolamo 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A routine program of evaluating mothers and infants 6 months after umbilical cord blood donation was started at the Milano Cord Blood Bank (MCBB) in 1996. This study evaluated the main outcomes of this program.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All mothers donating cord blood at this bank from February 1996 through May 1999 were invited to visit the bank or the collection suite 6 months after delivery to report on the health condition of their babies and to provide a fresh blood sample for repeat basal serologic tests (HBsAg, anti‐HCV, anti‐HIV‐1/2, and syphilis). A bank volunteer contacted the mothers by telephone to schedule their visits just before the expiration of the 6‐month period. Before collection of the new sample, a trained operator interviewed the mothers to review the mother's medical history information collected at donation and to obtain the baby's postnatal medical history.RESULTS: Of the 2450 mothers enrolled in the study, 2315 (94.5%) attended the bank in agreement with the program, 4 promised to attend, 95 could not be traced, 26 declined the invitation, and 10 were unable to attend. Of the 135 mothers who could not be traced, 29 (21.4%) belonged to non‐European ethnic groups. The average time spent with each mother was approximately 20 minutes. In serologic testing, one indeterminate anti‐HCV seroconversion (c22) was detected. Collection of the baby's postnatal history reported one case of congenital urinary malformation not known at delivery, one of protein C deficiency, one of phenylketonuria, one of mucoviscidosis, and one of 10q‐ chromosomal abnormality. The cord blood components from all these births were discarded.CONCLUSION: These data support the feasibility of a routine 6‐month program of evaluating mothers and babies giving cord blood at a cord blood bank. Such programs may increase the quality of components stored for transplantation.
Peripheral blood progenitor cell collection after epirubicin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin combination chemotherapy using EPO‐based cytokine regimens: a randomized comparison of G–CSF and sequential GM–/G–CSF
Authors: Perillo Alessandro , Pierelli Luca , Scambia Giovanni , Serafini Riccardo , Paladini Umberto , Salerno Maria Giovanna , Bonanno Giuseppina , Fattorossi Andrea , Leone Giuseppe , Mancuso Salvatore , Menichella Giacomo 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization capacity of EPO in association with either G–CSF or sequential GM–CSF/G–CSF was compared in a randomized fashion after epirubicin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (ETP) chemotherapy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty patients with stage IIIB, IIIC, or IV ovarian carcinoma were enrolled in this randomized comparison of mobilizing capacity and myelopoietic effects of G–CSF + EPO and GM–/G–CSF + EPO following the first ETP chemotherapy treatment. After ETP chemotherapy (Day 1), 20 patients received G–CSF 5 μg per kg per day from Day 2 to Day 13 and 20 patients received GM–CSF 5 μg per kg per day from Day 2 to Day 6 followed by G–CSF 5 μg per kg per day from Day 7 to Day 13. EPO (150 IU per kg) was given every other day from Day 2 to Day 13 to all patients in both arms of the study. Apheresis (two blood volumes) was performed during hematologic recovery.RESULTS: The magnitude of CD34+ cell mobilization and the abrogation of patients' myelosuppression were comparable in both study arms; however, GM–/G–CSF + EPO patients had significantly higher CD34+ yields because of a higher CD34+ cell collection efficiency (57.5% for GM–/G–CSF + EPO and 46.3% for G–CSF + EPO patients; p = 0.0009). Identical doses of PBPCs mobilized by GM–/G–CSF + EPO and G–CSF + EPO drove comparable hematopoietic recovery after reinfusion in patients treated with identical high‐dose chemotherapy.CONCLUSION: The sequential administration of GM–CSF and G–CSF in combination with EPO is feasible and improves the PBPC collection efficiency after platinum‐based intensive polichemotherapy, associating high PBPC mobilization to high collection efficiency during apheresis.
The expression of NA antigens in people withunusual Fcγ receptor III genotypes
Authors: Matsuo Kazuhiko , Procter Jo L. , Chanock Stephen , Stroncek David F. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The Fcγ receptor IIIb (FcγRIIIB) genes that encode neutrophil‐specific antigens NA1 and NA2 differ at 5 nucleotides (nts); in 4, the result is an amino acid (AA) difference between the two alleles. The role of each of these differences in antigen expression is not known. Persons with FcγRIIIB genes that differ from NA1‐FcγRIIIB and NA2‐FcγRIIIB by 1 nt have been described. This study compared NA1 and NA2 expression on granulocytes in persons with variant FcγRIIIB genes and in healthy blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Reactions of NA1‐ and NA2‐specific MoAbs and alloantibodies with granulocytes were assessed by flow cytometry in 74 healthy blood donors and 6 persons with known variant FcγRIIIB genes. The granulocytes were tested with 1 NA1‐specific MoAb, 1 NA2‐specific MoAb, 4 NA1‐specific alloantibodies, and 4 NA2‐specific alloantibodies.RESULTS: Analysis of granulocytes from persons with variant NA genotypes found that single‐base substitutions in FcγRIIIB at 141 and at 349 are important in NA1 expression and those at 227 and 277 are important in NA2 expression. Among blood donors, neither age, sex, nor race affected the expression of NA1 or NA2. The NA2‐specific MoAb reacted more intensely with granulocytes from NA2‐double‐dose cells than with those from NA‐single‐dose cells, but this was not true for the NA2‐specific alloantibodies. There was no difference in the reactions of the NA1‐specific MoAbs and alloantibodies with donor samples of known NA1‐double‐dose or NA‐single‐dose cells. The intensity of reactions of both the NA1‐ and NA2‐specific MoAbs and alloantibodies were strongly correlated on double‐dose cells but not on single‐dose cells. In fact, granulocytes from 7 healthy blood donors, phenotyped as NA‐single‐dose with the MoAbs, were phenotyped as NA2‐double‐dose with the alloantibodies. Variations in FcγRIIIB are common in blacks, but 5 of the 6 donors were white. These results suggest that FcγRIIIB variations may be common in both whites and blacks.CONCLUSIONS : NA2 expression is affected by polymorphisms in FcγRIIIB 227 and FcγRIIIB 277, both of which are involved in an FcγRIIIb N‐glycosylation site. Polymorphisms in FcγRIIIB at 141 and 349 appear more important to NA1 expression.
The effect of two additive solutions on the postthaw storage of RBCs
Authors: Hess John R. , Hill Heather R. , Oliver Cindy K. , Lippert Lloyd E. , Greenwalt Tibor J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Sterile systems for freezing and for washing thawed blood will allow the storage of RBCs for more than 24 hours after removal of the cryoprotectant glycerol. This study assessed the effect of two ASs in maintaining deglycerolized RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty‐four RBC units were stored for 6 days, pooled in groups of 4, realiquoted, sterilely glycerolized, and frozen. One month later, the units were thawed, sterilely deglycerolized by using an automated system (H215; Haemonetics), and stored for 5 weeks in either 100 or 200 mL of AS‐3 or an experimental AS (EAS‐61). Sterile samples were taken weekly for chemical and morphometric analysis.RESULTS: The glycerolization and deglycerolization process produced highly comparable RBC units, but it caused a marked reduction of RBC pH, to about 6.4 at the beginning of storage. The addition of acidic AS‐3 further reduced the pH, which in turn reduced glucose consumption, lactate formation, and RBC ATP concentrations. Alkaline EAS‐61 increased these measures. Hypotonic EAS‐61 caused increased cell swelling and hemolysis, despite better RBC morphology.CONCLUSIONS: Automation of sterile glycerolization and deglycerolization with the H215 works well, but the solutions should be reformulated for extended postthaw storage. This would best be accomplished by raising the pH of the wash solutions by the addition of disodium phosphate or sodium bicarbonate or both, by using alkaline ASs, and by matching the osmolality of the wash solution and ASs.
Causality assessment of suspected virustransmission by human plasma products
Authors: Schosser Rudolf , Keller‐Stanislawski Brigitte , Nübling C. Micha , Löwer Johannes 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Causality assessment of reports on suspected virus transmission is crucial for early detection of infectious plasma products. Commonly used algorithms, such as the WHO criteria, do not meet the specific requirements for causality assessment of suspected virus transmission.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A special algorithm, based on nucleic acid amplification and gene sequencing technology, effectiveness of validated virus‐inactivation methods, empirical data concerning the safety record of the product, and information on batch‐related infection clusters, was developed. The algorithm is focused on laboratory test results or otherwise standardized data, with few clinical data being required. To facilitate practical application, the algorithm has been converted into a graphical decision tree.RESULTS: The feasibility of the algorithm is shown by causality assessment of sample cases. Three cases are presented with the details of each case used in the 12‐question checklist. The answers provided by the checklist led to the causality classification.CONCLUSION: The algorithm is a tool for evaluating reports of suspected virus transmission in a standardized manner. It thus has the potential to improve early signal detection in pharmacovigilance of plasma products by confirmation or exclusion of suspected infectivity in most cases.
The effect of hot beverages, cold beverages, and chewing gum on oral temperature
Authors: Newman Bruce H. , Martin Christin A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A prospective blood donor's oral temperature is affected by external stimuli such as drinking a hot or cold beverage or chewing gum. These stimuli can cause a deferral or an inappropriate acceptance for a certain unknown time.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten volunteer subjects were exposed to each of the three stimuli in separate studies. Oral and tympanic membrane temperatures were taken before exposure, immediately after exposure, and at various times until the subject's temperature returned to baseline.RESULTS: The drinking of a hot beverage caused an immediate mean temperature elevation of 2.6°F which would lead to deferral for 7 of 10 subjects. All subjects were acceptable for blood donation (temperature <99.6°F) by 5 minutes. A cold beverage lowered the temperature; the temperature in 6 subjects returned to baseline by 10 minutes and that in 4 did so by 30 minutes. Gum chewing caused minimal temperature elevations; only 1 donor's temperature reached 99.6°F, and it was at acceptable levels for blood donation by 5 minutes.CONCLUSION: Drinking a hot beverage and, to a much lesser degree, gum chewing can lead to a deferral for elevated temperature, but subjects were acceptable by 5 minutes. Cold beverages are of more concern, because they suppress the temperature for a short time and could theoretically lead to acceptance of a febrile, possibly infectious donor.
Preclinical ex vivo expansion of cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: duration of culture; the media, serum supplements, and growth factors used; and engraftment in NOD/SCID mice
Authors: Lam Audrey C. , Li Karen , Zhang Xiao B. , Li Chi K. , Fok Tai F. , Chang Allan M.Z. , James Anthony E. , Tsang Kam S. , Yuen Patrick M.P. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Ex vivo expansion of cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells increases cell dose and may reduce the severity and duration of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia after transplantation. This study's purpose was to establish a clinically applicable culture system by investigating the use of cytokines, serum‐free media, and autologous plasma for the expansion of CB cells and the engraftment of expanded product in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Enriched CB CD34+ cells were cultured in four media (Iscove's modified Dul‐becco's medium with FCS, Gibco; X‐Vivo‐10, BioWhittaker; QBSF‐60, Quality Biological; and StemSpan SFEM, Stem Cell Technologies) with four cytokine combinations (thrombopoietin [TPO], SCF, Flt‐3 ligand [FL] with and without G–CSF, and/or IL‐6). The effect of autologous CB plasma was also investigated. The read‐out measures were evaluated on Days 8 and 12. After expansion at the optimized condition, cultured cells were transplanted into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. The engraftment of human CD45+ cells and subsets in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood was determined.RESULTS: QBSF‐60 or StemSpan SFEM supported high yields of early progenitors (CD34+ cells, < 64.8‐fold; CD34+CD38– cells, 330‐fold; CFU–granulocyte erythroid macrophage megakaryocyte [GEMM], 248‐fold) and CFUs of the myeloid (CFU–GM, 407‐fold) and erythroid (BFU/CFU–E, 144‐fold) lineages. The expansion of the megakaryocytic lineage was consistently higher in X‐Vivo‐10 (CFU–megakaryocyte, 684‐fold). Autologous plasma promoted colony formation but reduced CD34+ cells and CFU–GEMM. The addition of G–CSF or IL‐6 improved cell yields; G–CSF was more effective for committed progenitors. Expansion products from cultures in QBSF‐60 with the cytokines engrafted and differentiated into the myeloid and lymphoid lineages in NOD/SCID mice.CONCLUSION: The data supported the strategy of expansion. The optimized condition may be applicable to clinical expansion for the abrogation or reduction of posttransplant cytopenia.
A rabbit model for monitoring in vivo viability of human platelet concentrates using flow cytometry
Authors: Leytin Valery , Allen David J. , Mody Meera , Rand Margaret L. , Hannach Barbara , Garvey Bernadette , Freedman John 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : Viability in vivo of novel platelet components cannot be readily determined in human transfusions. Elaboration of valid animal models may be useful for this purpose. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
: Viability of platelet concentrates (PCs) WBC reduced before storage was determined by flow cytometry in rabbits whose reticuloendothelial system was inhibited by ethyl palmitate administration. PCs stored at 22°C for 2 and 5 days (D2‐ and D5‐PCs) or refrigerated PCs (3‐6 days at 22°C plus 1‐4 days at 4°C, RF‐PCs) were transfused into rabbits. Five parameters of PC viability in vivo were calculated from human platelet survival curves: survival time, recovery 0.5 and 24 hours after transfusion (R
0.5
, R
24
), maximal recovery (R
max
), and total recovery for 0 to 24 hours (R
Σ ). RESULTS
: No differences in viability of D2‐ and D5‐PCs were found. In contrast, viability of RF‐PCs was significantly lower than that of D2‐PCs, as was revealed with diverse sensitivity by four parameters: R
Σ
> R
24
> R
0.5 = survival time (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION : The rabbit model elaborated is sufficiently sensitive to reveal differences in human platelet viability in vivo between conventional and cold‐damaged PCs. It may be useful for comparing viability of different platelet components that cannot be readily tested in human transfusions.