bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alveolar Ridge and Sinus Augmentation Utilizing Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Combination With Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft: Case Series
Authors: Kassolis James D. , Rosen Paul S. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Alveolar bone regeneration is frequently necessary prior to placement of implants. Efforts to improve wound healing have focused on factors that may enhance bone formation following guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques alone or in combination with bone replacement graft materials. Recent reports suggest that platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), presumably high in levels of peptide growth factors, may enhance the formation of new bone when used in combination with autogenous graft material.Methods: In this report, the clinical and radiographic results are presented on 15 consecutively treated patients using autologous PRP in combination with freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) for sinus elevation and/or ridge augmentation. FDBA and PRP (0.5 g/2cc PRP) were mixed and placed as a composite graft material. A gel formed by mixing autologous thrombin‐rich plasma with PRP (1:4 ratio) was used to cover the graft material. Core biopsies of grafted areas were obtained in several patients as part of implant site preparation and were evaluated histologically to determine site maturation.Results: Of 36 implant fixtures, 32 (89%) were considered clinically successful demonstrating complete bone coverage of the implant, no mobility, and a normal radiographic appearance at the time of re‐entry and 12 months post‐implant exposure. Four implants were removed due to mobility at the time of surgical exposure. Histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens revealed numerous areas of osteoid and bone formation around FDBA particles, with no evidence of inflammatory cell infiltrate.Conclusions: These clinical and histological findings suggest that ridge augmentation and sinus grafting with FDBA in combination with PRP provide a viable therapeutic alternative for implant placements. Future studies are necessary to determine whether PRP enhances new bone formation or maturation with bone replacement allografts. J Periodontol 2000;71:1654‐1661.
Peripheral Occluding Effects of Non‐Absorbable Membranes on Ingrowth of Cultured Gingival Connective Tissue Cells
Authors: Fukuda Takeshi , Ezawa Tsunehiro , Tanaka Koji , Ito Koichi 
Published: February 2005

Background: The success of periodontal regenerative procedures, i.e., using regenerative cells to repopulate wounds, is enhanced by using barrier materials, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes, to provide a barrier to the proliferation of epithelial cells and gingival connective tissue cells at the healing site. However, several animal and clinical studies have demonstrated the difficulties of avoiding thin connective tissue ingrowth under the ePTFE membrane used for bone regeneration procedures. We investigated the peripheral occluding effects of ePTFE membranes on ingrowth of cultured gingival connective tissue cells in vitro.Methods: The ePTFE membrane was divided into 4 pieces, fixed, and immobilized on a culture dish. Human connective tissue cells from clinically healthy gingiva were isolated and cultured. Low passages (2 through 3) of these cells, 5 × 105, were seeded and cultured in each dish. At weeks 1, 2, and 4, the ingrowth cells under the membranes were stained with Giemsa and photographed. The percentage of cell ingrowth as an area measurement and the cell ingrowth score as a linear measurement were determined using computer‐assisted interactive image processing.Results: There were no measurable spaces between the membranes and the dishes at ×40 magnification using the stereomicroscope. However, the percentage of cell ingrowth under the membrane gradually increased from 1 to 4 weeks, reaching approximately 70% by week 4. There was a statistically significant difference between the 1‐ and 4‐week percentage of cell ingrowth (P <0.05). The cell ingrowth score also increased gradually, and cells invaded the center from all peripheral borders. There was a statistically significant difference for the lower right and left margins of the membrane between the 1‐week and 4‐week cell ingrowth scores. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference for the 4‐week cell ingrowth score between the upper and lower margins (P <0.05).Conclusion: The use of ePTFE membranes placed over the culture dish plate cannot prevent ingrowth of cultured gingival connective tissue cells in vitro. J Periodontol 2000;71:1680‐1686.
Coronally Advanced Flap for the Treatment of Buccal Gingival Recessions With and Without Enamel Matrix Derivative. A Split‐Mouth Study
Authors: Modica Fabio , Pizzo Massimo Del , Roccuzzo Mario , Romagnoli Roberto 
Published: February 2005

Background: The coronally advanced flap (CAF) is a predictable method for achieving root coverage in buccal gingival recessions. The use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has already been tested in treating intrabony defects. No clinical comparative study has been published evaluating the CAF in combination with EMD in treating buccal gingival recessions.Methods: This split‐mouth study was performed to assess the efficacy of EMD to improve the results of a root coverage procedure. Fourteen pairs of Miller Class I and II bilateral comparable defects were selected in 12 patients. In each patient, one site was randomly assigned to the test group and the contralateral site to the control group. The treatment consisted of a CAF procedure with (test) or without (control) EMD. Gingival recession (REC), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and extension of keratinized tissue (KT) were recorded at baseline and 6 months postsurgery.Results: The average initial REC was 3.71 mm (SD ± 1.68) for the test group, and 3.50 mm (SD ± 1.56) for the control group. The 2 groups were statistically homogeneous. The mean root coverage was 3.36 mm (SD ± 1.55), corresponding to a value of 91.2% for the test group, and 2.71 mm (SD ± 1.20), equal to 80.9% for the control group. The differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant. The mean CAL gain was 3.57 mm (SD ± 1.55) for the test group and 2.79 mm (SD ± 1.19) for the control group. No changes of PD and KT were found.Conclusions: This study suggests that EMD does not seem to significantly improve the clinical outcomes of gingival recession treated by means of CAF, even though the test group showed slightly better results in terms of root coverage and CAL. Further studies with a larger number of teeth and higher statistical power are needed to support this conclusion. J Periodontol 2000;71:1693‐1698.
Clinical Evaluation of Wound Healing Following Multiple Exposures to Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative in the Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects
Authors: Heard Richard H. , Mellonig James T. , Brunsvold Michael A. , Lasho David J. , Meffert Roland M. , Cochran David L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Multiple exposures to enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) during periodontal therapy have been shown to be safe for the patient. The purpose of this study was to clinically determine if an altered course of wound healing would occur after multiple exposures to EMD in the treatment of intrabony defects. A secondary aim was to assess the efficacy of EMD in probing depth reduction and clinical attachment level gain.Methods: Thirty‐two systemically healthy patients (18 females, 14 males, 33 to 69 years old) who were being treated for moderate to advanced periodontal disease were selected for the study. Surgical procedures involving 2 sites were separated by at least 8 weeks, and wound healing comparisons were made between the first and second procedure. Patients were given a diary card the day of surgery, which consisted of questions concerning the presence and severity of headaches, root hypersensitivity, tooth pain, swelling, and itching. Patients were also examined at postoperative visits to clinically assess wound healing and discuss responses to the questionnaire. Soft tissue measurements were taken the day of surgery and 6 months postoperatively to ascertain probing depth reduction (PD) and gains in clinical attachment levels (CAL).Results: The results revealed no clinically detectable reaction that could not be attributed to normal postoperative sequelae. There were no differences in reported symptoms between patient gender, first and second procedures, or intrabony and non‐intrabony defects. Smokers were found to have a statistically significantly higher incidence of severe symptoms in root hypersensitivity, tooth pain, and swelling compared to non‐smokers (n = 21). The mean probing depth reduction was 3.8 ±1.5 mm (2 to 9 mm), while the mean clinical attachment level gain was 2.8 ±1.7 mm (0 to 8 mm).Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that EMD is a clinically safe product to use in the treatment of periodontal defects and that multiple uses do not have a negative impact on periodontal wound healing. In addition, a statistically significant gain in clinical attachment and reduction in probing depth were demonstrated. J Periodontol 2000;71:1715‐1721.
Cyclosporin A Upregulates Phospholipase C β1 in Fibroblasts From Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Breschi Lorenzo , Montebugnoli Lucio , Bernardi Federico 
Published: February 2005

Background: In an attempt to evaluate the influence of cyclosporin A (CsA) on fibroblast metabolism, the phospholipase C β1 (PLC β1) nuclear expression was evaluated in fibroblasts from heart transplantation patients treated with CsA who exhibited gingival overgrowth (GO) and from controls.Methods: PLC β1 was assessed by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry means.Results: Findings did not show any difference in terms of PLC β1 expression between the 2 groups when fibroblasts were incubated in media without CsA, while the addition of CsA highly stimulated the fibroblasts from CsA‐treated patients compared to controls. The abnormal fibroblastic response in CsA‐treated patients was detected both in cells from enlarged gingival sites and in cells from clinically healthy gingival sites.Conclusions: These results do not explain whether the exaggerated reactivity to in vitro CsA is the consequence of a genetically transmitted susceptibility to CsA that identifies those subjects at risk for developing GO, or whether it is a secondary effect of the long‐term in vivo exposure to CsA. However, the present data underline the lack of any close relationship between enhanced fibroblast activity and clinical signs of GO and support the hypothesis that some other factors, together with CsA, are involved in the pathogenesis of CsA‐induced GO. J Periodontol 2000;71:1722‐1728.
Relationship Between Interleukin‐6 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Periodontal Status in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Adult Periodontitis
Authors: Bozkurt Fatma Yeşim , Berker Ezel , Akkuş Selami , Bulut Şule 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to determine and compare interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and clinical periodontal findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and adult periodontitis (AP).Methods: A total of 45 patients divided into 3 groups (15 patients with RA and AP, 15 patients with AP, and 15 periodontally healthy subjects) were included in this study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and attachment level (AL) values for each patient were recorded. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative detection of IL‐6 in each GCF sample was employed.Results: No significant difference could be detected between the RA and AP groups in the mean clinical parameter data except PI. Although the mean GCF IL‐6 level in the RA group was the highest, no significant difference could be found among the groups. There was only a strong negative correlation between GCF IL‐6 levels and GI scores in the RA group.Conclusions: In the patients with RA, despite increased local tissue destruction potential due to autoimmunity and higher PI levels than in the AP patients, our findings suggest that medication including corticosteroid and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs may decrease gingival inflammation, but the synthesis and degradation of IL‐6 in gingival tissue of RA patients may be different. To our knowledge, this study is the first report determining GCF IL‐6 levels in RA patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:1756‐1760.
Oxygen Sufficiency in the Gingiva of Smokers and Non‐Smokers With Periodontal Disease
Authors: Hanioka Takashi , Tanaka Muneo , Ojima Miki , Takaya Keiko , Matsumori Yukiko , Shizukuishi Satoshi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated deteriorating effects of smoking on periodontal tissue. The aims of this study were to compare oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the gingiva (GSo2) of smokers and non‐smokers and to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on gingival oxygen sufficiency.Methods: GSo2 was determined using tissue reflectance spectrophotometry in 110 papillary gingival sites of 62 smokers and 100 sites of 60 non‐smokers.Results: No significant difference was found in GSo2 between smokers and non‐smokers. In the model of ANOVA with covariates, age (P = 0.0048) and probing depth (P = 0.0012) had significant effects on GSo2. No significant effect was found in either smoking status (P = 0.3557) or the modified gingival index (MGI) (P = 0.3824). The interaction effect between smoking status and the MGI was highly significant (P = 0.0003) indicating that the effect of smoking status on the GSo2 should be compared at each level of the MGI score. GSo2 in healthy gingiva was significantly lower in smokers than non‐smokers (P = 0.0014), while smokers showed higher GSo2 than non‐smokers in moderately inflamed gingiva (P = 0.0356). The GSo2 in inflamed gingiva was significantly decreased compared with healthy gingiva in non‐smokers (P = 0.0044), while smokers showed no significant difference between healthy and inflamed gingiva (P = 0.2772 to 0.8665). GSo2 in smokers was consistently and significantly lower than that of healthy gingiva of non‐smokers (P = 0.0391 to 0.0004).Conclusions: Smokers exhibit possibly lower function of oxygen sufficiency in healthy gingiva and reduced ability to adapt the function in inflamed gingiva than non‐smokers. This suggests that smokers have functional impairments in the gingival microcirculation. J Periodontol 2000;71:1846‐1851.
Cigar, Pipe, and Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss
Authors: Albandar Jasim M. , Streckfus Charles F. , Adesanya Margo R. , Winn Deborah M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Our purpose was to test the hypotheses that cigar and pipe smoking have significant associations with periodontal disease and cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking is associated with tooth loss. We also investigated whether a history of smoking habits cessation may affect the risk of periodontal disease and tooth loss.Methods: A group of 705 individuals (21 to 92 years‐old) who were among volunteer participants in the ongoing Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were examined clinically to assess their periodontal status and tooth loss. A structured interview was used to assess the participants' smoking behaviors with regard to cigarettes, cigar, and pipe smoking status. For a given tobacco product, current smokers were defined as individuals who at the time of examination continued to smoke daily. Former heavy smokers were defined as individuals who have smoked daily for 10 or more years and who had quit smoking. Non‐smokers included individuals with a previous history of smoking for less than 10 years or no history of smoking.Results: Cigarette and cigar/pipe smokers had a higher prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis and higher prevalence and extent of attachment loss and gingival recession than non‐smokers, suggesting poorer periodontal health in smokers. In addition, smokers had less gingival bleeding and higher number of missing teeth than non‐smokers. Current cigarette smokers had the highest prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis (25.7%) compared to former cigarette smokers (20.2%), and non‐smokers (13.1%). The estimated prevalence of moderate and severe periodontitis in current or former cigar/pipe smokers was 17.6%. A similar pattern was seen for other periodontal measurements including the percentages of teeth with ≥5 mm attachment loss and probing depth, ≥3 mm gingival recession, and dental calculus. Current, former, and non‐ cigarette smokers had 5.1, 3.9, and 2.8 missing teeth, respectively. Cigar/pipe smokers had on average 4 missing teeth. Multiple regression analysis also showed that current tobacco smokers may have increased risks of having moderate and severe periodontitis than former smokers. However, smoking behaviors explained only small percentages (<5%) of the variances in the multivariate models.Conclusion: The results suggest that cigar and pipe smoking may have similar adverse effects on periodontal health and tooth loss as cigarette smoking. Smoking cessation efforts should be considered as a means of improving periodontal health and reducing tooth loss in heavy smokers of cigarettes, cigars, and pipes with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000;71:1874‐1881.
Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Enhancement of a Mineral‐Collagen Bone Substitute
Authors: Stephan Eugena B. , Renjen Rahul , Lynch Samuel E. , Dziak Rosemary 
Published: February 2005

Background: Anorganic bovine bone‐collagen matrix is commercially available for bone regeneration procedures. Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) has been demonstrated to stimulate bone formation in vivo and in vitro. It was the aim of these studies to examine 1) the interaction of this mineral‐collagen matrix with PDGF‐BB and 2) determine if the adsorption of PDGF‐BB to the mineral‐collagen matrix stimulates osteoblastic cell proliferation above that of the untreated matrix.Methods: Measurement of PDGF‐BB adsorption and release was accomplished using 125I radiolabeled growth factor. The PDGF‐BB was incubated with the anorganic bovine bone‐collagen matrix and the amount which adsorbed was determined. In the release studies, radiolabeled PDGF‐BB was adsorbed to the matrix material, then the samples were incubated in buffer for various time periods. The amount of PDGF‐BB retained on the matrix was measured and the percent of growth factor released calculated. The biological activity was tested in an in vitro assay with primary culture neonatal rat osteoblastic cells. Osteoblastic cells were cultured on bone mineral‐collagen matrix with known amounts of adsorbed PDGF‐BB. Proliferation of the cells was assessed by 3H‐thymidine incorporation and cell attachment measured by prelabeling cells with 3H‐leucine.Results: PDGF‐BB adsorbed to the mineralized‐collagen matrix material in a rapid, concentration‐dependent fashion. The growth factor was slowly released from the matrix such that approximately 30% of the adsorbed protein was liberated over 10 days. PDGF‐BB treated mineralized‐collagen matrix displayed significantly (P <0.05, ANOVA) enhanced proliferation of cultured osteoblastic cells compared to the mineralized‐collagen matrix alone.Conclusions: These results suggest that PDGF‐BB is rapidly adsorbed then slowly released from the anorganic bovine bone‐collagen matrix. PDGF‐BB adsorbed to this material is able to stimulate proliferation of the attached osteoblastic cells. These data suggest that it may be clinically feasible to adsorb PDGF to this bone‐collagen matrix and that this combination of bone growth factor and mineralcollagen matrix has the potential for clinical applications. J Periodontol 2000;71:1887‐1892.
Mucogingival Interceptive Surgery of Buccally‐Erupted Premolars in Patients Scheduled for Orthodontic Treatment. II. Surgically Treated Versus Nonsurgically Treated Cases
Authors: Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Baccetti Tiziano , Giorgetti Roberto , Agudio Giancarlo , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this 2‐year longitudinal study was to compare the width of keratinized gingiva after orthodontic therapy for buccally erupting premolars that had been pretreated by extraction of deciduous teeth alone versus interceptive mucogingival surgery.Methods: In 8 patients (aged 9 to 12 years) who presented with bilateral buccal eruption of homologous teeth (premolars), one side was randomly treated with extraction of the deciduous molar and mucogingival surgery (test site), while the other side was treated only by extraction of the deciduous molar (control site). All of the subjects underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Results: At the baseline visit prior to any treatment, there was no significant difference between the mean amount of keratinized gingiva at test sites (3.06 mm) and control sites (2.93 mm). Two years later, upon completion of orthodontic treatment, there was a significant difference between test (2.93 mm) and control (1.37 mm) sites in the mean width of keratinized tissue. In the control (untreated) group, 2 sites exhibited 1 mm of gingival recession after orthodontic treatment.Conclusions: Mucogingival interceptive surgery is an effective technique to maintain keratinized tissue in correspondence with buccally‐erupted teeth. J Periodontol 2000;71:182‐187.
Coronally Advanced Flap Procedure for Root Coverage. Flap With Tension Versus Flap Without Tension: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Pagliaro Umberto , Baldi Carlo , Nieri Michele , Saletta Daniele , Cairo Francesco , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: February 2005

Background: This clinical controlled study was designed to measure the tension of coronally advanced flaps (CAF) performed to treat shallow gingival recessions and to compare the recession reduction (Rec Red) achieved in a test group (flaps with tension) and in a control group (flaps without tension) 3 months after surgery.Methods: Eleven patients, aged 22 to 41 years, with high levels of oral hygiene (full mouth plaque score <20%) were selected for the study. Each patient showed 2 bilateral Miller Class I maxillary or mandibular gingival recessions located on homologous teeth. A total of 22 recessions were treated. The recession depth at the right site was similar to that at the left site (difference ≤1 mm). For each patient, the 2 recessions underwent CAF procedure in the same surgical session. Before suturing, the residual tension (FTens) of both right and left flaps was measured with a dynamometer. Then, one site was randomly assigned to the test group and the contralateral site to the control group. In the test site the flap was sutured. In the control site the flap was further relaxed, the tension was measured again, and the flap was sutured.Results: In the test group (with tension) the initial mean recession depth was 2.82 ± 0.64 mm and mean FTens was 6.5 g, while in the control group (without tension) the initial mean recession depth was 2.68 ± 0.81 mm and mean FTens was 0.4 g. Three months later, the test group showed a mean recession reduction of 2.18 ± 0.60 mm, a mean percent root coverage of 78 ± 15%, and complete root coverage was achieved on 2 teeth (18%). In the control group the mean recession reduction was 2.32 ± 0.81 mm and mean percent root coverage was 87 ± 13%. Complete root coverage was obtained on 5 teeth (45%). The difference of recession reduction between the test and control group was not statistically significant (P = 0.3911). In the test group, linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between recession reduction and both recession depth at baseline (P = 0.0001) and mean of the 3 tensions recorded on the test side (MFTens) (P = 0.0009).Conclusions: This study shows that minimal flap tension does not influence recession reduction after 3 months when shallow recessions are treated by means of CAF. In the test group (with tension), the statistical analysis suggests that the higher the flap tension, the lower the recession reduction. J Periodontol 2000;71:188‐201.