bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of PROtein enriched MEDiterranean Diet and EXercise on nutritional status and cognition in adults at risk of undernutrition and cognitive decline: the PROMED-EX Randomised Controlled Trial.
Authors: Ward Nicola Ann , Reid-McCann Rachel , Brennan Lorraine , Cardwell Christopher R , de Groot CPGM , Maggi Stefania , McCaffrey Noel , McGuinness Bernadette , McKinley Michelle C , Noale Marianna , O'Neill Roisin F , Prinelli Federica , Sergi Giuseppe , Trevisan Caterina , Volkert Dorothee , Woodside Jayne V , McEvoy Claire T 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionUndernutrition leading to unplanned weight loss is common in older age and has been linked to increased dementia risk in later life. Weight loss can precede dementia by a decade or more, providing a unique opportunity for early intervention to correct undernutrition and potentially prevent or delay cognitive impairment. The combined effects of diet and exercise on undernutrition have not yet been evaluated. The objective of this trial is to determine the effect of a protein-enriched Mediterranean diet, with and without exercise, on nutritional status and cognitive performance in older adults at risk of undernutrition and cognitive decline.MethodsOne hundred and five participants aged 60 years and over at risk of undernutrition and with subjective cognitive decline will be recruited to participate in a 6-month, single-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Participants will be block randomised into one of three groups: group 1—PROMED-EX (diet+exercise), group 2—PROMED (diet only) and group 3—standard care (control). The primary outcome is nutritional status measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, nutritional intake, body composition, physical function and quality of life. Mechanistic pathways for potential diet and exercise-induced change in nutritional status and cognition will be explored by measuring inflammatory, metabolic, nutritional and metabolomic biomarkers.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the UK Office for Research Ethics Committee (ref: 21/NW/0215). Written informed consent will be obtained from participants prior to recruitment. Research results will be disseminated to the public via meetings and media and the scientific community through conference presentations and publication in academic journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05166564).
Differences in lipid and blood pressure measurements between individuals with type 1 diabetes and the general population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Varkevisser Rita Delphine Maiko , Mul Dick , Aanstoot Henk-Jan , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H R , van der Klauw Melanie M 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a precarious complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Alongside glycaemic control, lipid and blood pressure (BP) management are essential for the prevention of CVD. However, age-specific differences in lipid and BP between individuals with T1D and the general population are relatively unknown.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSix diabetes outpatient clinics and individuals from the Lifelines cohort, a multigenerational cohort from the Northern Netherlands.Participants2178 adults with T1D and 146 22 individuals without diabetes from the general population.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTotal cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), stratified by age group, glycated haemoglobin category, medication use and sex.ResultsIn total, 2178 individuals with T1D and 146 822 without diabetes were included in this study. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower and SBP and DBP were higher in individuals with T1D in comparison to the background population. When stratified by age and medication use, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower and SBP and DBP were higher in the T1D population. Men with T1D achieved lower LDL-cholesterol levels both with and without medication in older age groups in comparison to women. Women with T1D had up to 8 mm Hg higher SBP compared with the background population, this difference was not present in men.ConclusionsLipid and BP measurements are not comparable between individuals with T1D and the general population and are particularly unfavourable for BP in the T1D group. There are potential sex differences in the management of LDL-cholesterol and BP.
Biomass accumulation in trees and downed wood in northern hardwood forests: Repeated measures of a successional chronosequence in New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Nash Joseph M. , Vadeboncoeur Matthew A. , McGee Gregory G. , Woodall Christopher W. , Yanai Ruth D. 
Published: October 2023

Successional, second-growth forests dominate much of eastern North America; thus, patterns of biomass accumulation in standing trees and downed wood are of great interest for forest management and carbon accounting. The timing and magnitude of biomass accumulation in later stages of forest development are not fully understood. We applied a “chronosequence with resampling” approach to characterize live and dead biomass accumulation in 16 northern hardwood stands in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Live aboveground biomass increased rapidly and leveled off at about 350 Mg/ha by 145 years. Downed wood biomass fluctuated between 10 and 35 Mg/ha depending on disturbances. The species composition of downed wood varied predictably with overstory succession, and total mass of downed wood increased with stand age and the concomitant production of larger material. Fine woody debris peaked at 30–50 years during the self-thinning of early successional species, notably pin cherry. Our data support a model of northern hardwood forest development wherein live tree biomass accumulates asymptotically and begins to level off at ∼140–150 years. Still, 145-year-old second-growth stands differed from old-growth forests in their live ( p = 0.09) and downed tree diameter distributions ( p = 0.06). These patterns of forest biomass accumulation would be difficult to detect without a time series of repeated measurements of stands of different ages.
Factors Associated with the Return to Work after Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Worker Population
Authors: KABIR-MOKAMELKHAH Elaheh , NAJD MAZHAR Farid , HAMIDI Arsalan , HOSSEININEJAD Mahin 
Published: October 2023

Background: There is controversy regarding the factors influencing the duration of sickness absence and return to work (RTW) after surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This study aimed to determine factors related to RTW in these patients. Methods: This descriptive–analytical study was performed on all patients with CTS who underwent surgery in a main orthopaedic centre from December 2020 to April 2021. Patients were followed for 90 days after surgery for the RTW. The patients were classified into two groups based on the time of RTW, early (<21 days) and late (>21 days). These two groups were compared in terms of occupational, individual and disease-related factors and the type of surgery. Results: The mean time to RTW in patients was 23.2 ± 7.1 days, with a range of 7–60 days. There was a statistically significant relationship between early RTW and gender (female) (p = 0.005 OR = 6.5), non-manual work (p = 0.002 OR = 1.2), the total score of the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire before surgery and job satisfaction (p = 0.04). The mean time to RTW in patients who underwent open surgery was less than in endoscopic surgery (22.89 ± 6.29 vs. 24.58 ± 4.7), but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings of our study, the type of surgery does not affect the RTW of patients with CTS. Considering the effect of job type and job satisfaction on RTW, it is recommended to pay attention to the type of occupation in addition to the type of surgery so that this workforce can RTW with good performance. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Study of Reliability and Validity of the Load Cell-Type Hand Dynamometer Compared to the Jamar Dynamometer and the Number of Reliable Grip Strength Measurements
Authors: KANAUCHI Yumiko , MURASE Tsuyoshi , NISHIWAKI Masao , ODAGIRI Masahiro , WANEZAKI Yoshihiro , ISHIKAWA Hitoshi 
Published: October 2023

Background: Standardised measurement protocols for grip strength remained unclear due to variations in values depending on the device and measurement method. The load cell hand dynamometer has recently been developed. This study aims to investigate the reliability of the load cell dynamometer by comparing it to the Jamar dynamometer, which is considered the gold standard, and to identify a reliable and practical measurement method. Methods: This study included 80 healthy hospital workers (mean age of 40.1 years). All measurements were performed seated, with the elbow flexed 90° and the grip span at the second handle (approximately 50 mm) for the Jamar dynamometer, and with the elbow extended and the grip span fixed at 55 mm for the load cell dynamometer. Grip strength was measured three times on each hand using two dynamometers, and the same tests were repeated on different days. Test–retest reliability, the association between the two devices and the agreement between the two measurement methods were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson correlation and the Bland–Altman analysis. Results: The ICC of the one measurement was lower than that of three measurements for both dynamometers, but was above 0.858 in all groups, indicating sufficient reliability with one-time measurement. Additionally, the ICC for different days revealed good reliability (Jamar: >0.830, load cell: >0.772). The load cell dynamometer showed significantly lower values in all measurements despite the excellent correlation (r > 0.70) and the agreement between the two dynamometers. Conclusions: This study revealed sufficient reliability of the load cell dynamometer with the standardised measurement method, but it should be noted the lower values compared to the Jamar dynamometer. Additionally, one-time measurement reliability is adequate for practical use by standardising the measurement methods for both dynamometers. Level of Evidence: Level III (Diagnostic)
Sliding Plate System: A Novel Method and Device for Shortening Osteotomy
Authors: SHARIYATE Mohammad Javad , AFSHAR Ahmadreza , NAZARIAN Ara , KACHOOEI Amir R. 
Published: October 2023

We report a novel sliding plate system (SPS) and its application for radial shortening osteotomy. We conceptualised, designed and introduced the SPS, which helps with precise shortening osteotomy in both radius and ulna. We implanted the SPS in a patient with Kienböck disease following a radius shortening osteotomy. The SPS was safe and efficient, and the surgical technique eliminated extra steps. The SPS affords precise shortening, optimum compression and anatomic alignment after radius shortening osteotomy. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
General versus Local Anesthesia with Intravenous Sedation in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Schutz Alexander , Krajcer Zvonimir , Zhang Qianzi , LeMaire Scott A. , Dougherty Katherine G. , Plana Juan Carlos , Coulter Stephanie A. , Strickman Neil E. , Silva Guilherme V. , Anton James , Coselli Joseph S. , Preventza Ourania 
Published: October 2023

Background. Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) may offer better outcomes than general anesthesia (GA) in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We compared TAVI outcomes between patients who received MAC versus GA. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed data from all patients (N = 659), as well as 216 propensity-matched patients, who underwent TAVI at our institution during 2014–2019. Results. MAC and GA did not differ significantly in mortality (1.6% MAC vs. 4.2% GA,

p

= 0.05) or stroke (2.2% MAC vs. 2.4% GA,

p

= 0.96); however, median length of stay (LOS) was shorter in the MAC group (2 d MAC vs. 7 d GA,

p

< 0.0001). In propensity-matched patients, mortality (2.8% MAC vs. 4.6% GA,

p

= 0.7) and stroke (3.7% MAC vs. 1.9% GA,

p

= 0.7) did not differ significantly between groups. LOS remained shorter in the MAC group (2 d MAC vs. 7 d GA,

p

< 0.0001). Conclusions. In this large, single-center, retrospective study, MAC was associated with shorter hospital stay after TAVI.
A B7-H4–Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate Shows Antitumor Activity in PARPi and Platinum-Resistant Cancers with B7-H4 Expression
Authors: Gitto Sarah B. , Whicker Margaret , Davies Gareth , Kumar Sushil , Kinneer Krista , Xu Haineng , Lewis Arthur , Mamidi Srinivas , Medvedev Sergey , Kim Hyoung , Anderton Judith , Tang E. Jessica , Ferman Benjamin , Coats Steven , Wilkinson Robert W. , Brown Eric , Powell Daniel J. , Simpkins Fiona 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Platinum and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) demonstrate activity in breast and ovarian cancers, but drug resistance ultimately emerges. Here, we examine B7-H4 expression in primary and recurrent high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and the activity of a B7-H4-directed antibody–drug conjugate (B7-H4-ADC), using a pyrrolobenzodiazepine-dimer payload, in PARPi- and platinum-resistant HGSOC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.

Experimental Design:
B7-H4 expression was quantified by flow cytometry and IHC. B7-H4-ADC efficacy was tested against multiple cell lines in vitro and PDX in vivo. The effect of B7-H4-ADC on cell cycle, DNA damage, and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry.

Results:
B7-H4 is overexpressed in 92% of HGSOC tumors at diagnosis (n = 12), persisted in recurrent matched samples after platinum treatment, and was expressed at similar levels across metastatic sites after acquired multi-drug resistance (n = 4). Treatment with B7-H4-ADC resulted in target-specific growth inhibition of multiple ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. In platinum- or PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer cells, B7-H4-ADC significantly decreased viability and colony formation while increasing cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Single-dose B7-H4-ADC led to tumor regression in 65.5% of breast and ovarian PDX models (n = 29), with reduced activity in B7-H4 low or negative models. In PARPi and platinum-resistant HGSOC PDX models, scheduled B7-H4-ADC dosing led to sustained tumor regression and increased survival.

Conclusions:
These data support B7-H4 as an attractive ADC target for treatment of drug-resistant HGSOC and provide evidence for activity of an ADC with a DNA-damaging payload in this population.
See related commentary by Veneziani et al., p. 1434
Coyote Killing: Where Species and Identities Collide
Authors: Alexander Shelley , Draper Dianne , Boesel Alexandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although predator killing is a global phenomenon, few studies interrogate the individual and societal drivers of choosing lethal versus non-lethal actions towards coyotes. Results here derive from 48 in situ, semi-structured interviews conducted during 2015–2017 with rural residential and agricultural landowners in the Foothills Parkland Region of Alberta, Canada. Interviews recorded landowner experiences with coyotes, and their perceptions, values, beliefs, animal husbandry practices, and actions towards coyotes. Invoking a critical geography perspective and grounded theory methods, we found the practice of coyote killing and anti-coyote sentiments to be deeply entangled with and mutually reconstituted by constructs of “masculinity,” “rurality,” and colonial settler identity. Coyote killing also appeared as a form of discursive power, arising from urban-rural tensions. Finally, geographies of local history, family, and community intersected with identity, gendered-labor, and power – placing coyotes in a vicious and ongoing cycle of oppression and violence.
After “40 Cases”
Authors: Dougherty M. V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article documents how a serial plagiarism case discovered over a decade ago continues to generate negative effects in the downstream research on medieval and early modern philosophy. The ongoing positive citation of the 40 plagiarizing articles and book chapters – including those retracted by their publishers – affects the reliability of later scholarship in several ways. The present state of affairs is the joint result of authors, editors, peer reviewers, and publishers who continue to allow (and in some cases, support) the publication of new works across a variety of genres that contain positive citations to the 40 plagiarizing articles and book chapters. The problem shows no signs of abating; the plagiarizing articles and book chapters continue to acquire positive citations in new publications, including authoritative reference works. The breach of research standards is further shown by the fact that even a non-existent publication by the plagiarist continues to acquire positive citations.
Souvenir Photography in Japan: Between Stereotype and Art
Authors: Noda Renate 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Japanese photo albums were a popular souvenir of Western travellers from Japan at the end of the 19th century. Using the photo collection of the Übersee-Museum Bremen, it will be shown, that not only were the photos elaborately hand-coloured by masters of woodblock printing, but also the motives and the staging of the depicted scenes were influenced by this genre. Although many of the photographs recreated the everyday life of the pre-modern Edo period (1600‒1868), they were seen in the West as an up-to-date, realistic depiction of conditions in contemporary Japan. Yet, Japan had been transitioning into a modern nation that sought symbols for its emerging national identity. These included samurai, cherry blossoms, and the geisha. This is reflected in the photographs, which stand in a tension between self-perception and the perception of the other. In the West they have shaped the romanticized, clichéd ideas about Japan, just as the woodblock prints did before them.
Mapping the Islamic Ethical Discourse on Prenatal Diagnosis and Termination of Pregnancy: A Methodological Analysis
Authors: Jaser Noor , Ahaddour Chaїma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The development of prenatal diagnosis technologies has created challenging ethical situations and raised complex ethical questions. The hardest among these is the question of whether to continue or terminate pregnancies due to fetal anomalies. This article examines the Islamic methodological approaches that are employed to resolve contemporary issues pertaining to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly. The objective is, firstly, to understand on which basis the various Islamic views and perspectives have been constructed, and secondly, to assess the rules and principles that Muslim jurists apply to arrive at decisions regarding prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy across the different schools of thought. This helps in identifying the methodological characteristics of contemporary Islamic discourse on prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy, and recognizing existing gaps. This methodological analysis aspires to generate further and richer discussion on how to develop thorough ethical approaches to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly with the aim of advancing antenatal care for Muslim patients. Key concepts and principles within Islamic theology, law, and ethics are explored.
The Common Heritage of Humankind Principle and Marine Genetic Resources: A Critical Assessment of the BBNJ Process
Authors: Samata Norihito 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article explores the negative implications of the biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (‘BBNJ’) process for the common heritage of humankind (‘CH’) principle, focusing on the discussions over its applicability to Marine Genetic Resources (‘MGRs’). This article argues that the CH under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for deep-sea mineral resources was neither necessary nor desirable for MGRs governance. An analysis of the BBNJ process demonstrates that CH’s exploitation bias is still persistent, which makes this principle politically controversial and prevents the principle from embracing sustainable development. Indeed, Article 7 of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction stipulates the CH as a general principle of the new BBNJ regime. However, the BBNJ negotiations failed to articulate how the CH principle can contribute to managing the living resources, MGRs, in areas beyond national jurisdiction. This finding would cast doubt on the alleged potential of the CH principle to govern a broad range of subjects or resources other than deep-sea minerals.
Measuring Ice Pellets and Refrozen Wet Snow Using a Laser-Optical Disdrometer
Authors: Lachapelle Mathieu , Thompson Hadleigh D. , Leroux Nicolas R. , Thériault Julie M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aims to characterize the shapes and fall speeds of ice pellets formed in various atmospheric conditions and to investigate the possibility to use a laser-optical disdrometer to distinguish between ice pellets and other types of precipitation. To do so, four ice pellet events were documented using manual observations, macrophotography, and laser-optical disdrometer data. First, various ice pellet fall speeds and shapes, including spherical, bulged, fractured, and irregular particles, were associated with distinct atmospheric conditions. A higher fraction of bulged and fractured ice pellets was observed when solid precipitation was completely melted aloft while more irregular particles were observed during partial melting. These characteristics affected the diameter–fall speed relations measured. Second, the measurements of particles’ fall speed and diameter show that ice pellets could be differentiated from rain or freezing rain. Ice pellets larger than 1.5 mm tend to fall > 0.5 m s−1 slower than raindrops of the same size. In addition, the fall speed of a small fraction of ice pellets was < 2 m s−1 regardless of their size, as compared with a fall speed > 3 m s−1 for ice pellets with diameter > 1.5 mm. Video analysis suggests that these slower particles could be ice pellets passing through the laser-optical disdrometer after colliding with the head of the instrument. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the microphysics of ice pellets and their measurement using a laser-optical disdrometer.

Significance Statement
Ice pellets are challenging to forecast and to detect automatically. In this study, we documented the fall speed and physical characteristics of ice pellets during various atmospheric conditions using a combination of a laser-optical disdrometer, manual observations, and macrophotography images. Relationships were found between the shape and fall speed of ice pellets. These findings could be used to refine the parameterization of ice pellets in atmospheric models and, consequently, improve the forecast of impactful winter precipitation types such as freezing rain. Furthermore, they will also help to physically interpret laser-optical disdrometer data during ice pellets and freezing rain.