bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Certainty Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
Authors: Tuzet Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paper argues for a pragmatist understanding of the reasonable doubt standard in law. It builds on the idea that our dispositions to act signal the epistemic states we are in. This helps clarify the notion of a reasonable doubt and the idea of being certain beyond it.
More specifically, the paper points out three major standards of proof used in legal contexts and the rationale of their distinction. It articulates the received view according to which the reasonable doubt standard is superior to allegedly subjective standards as the French “intime conviction”; then it addresses what I call the “rampant critique” of the reasonable doubt standard, namely the view that, as the notion of a reasonable doubt is obscure and undetermined, the standard is irremediably subjective. The paper finally presents a pragmatist understanding and defense of the standard, building on the idea of beliefs as dispositions to act.
Morphological diffusion and the internal subgrouping of Central Totonac
Authors: Beck David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Totonac branch of the Totonacan (also known as Totonac-Tepehua) family is traditionally broken down into four divisions—Misantla, Northern, Sierra, and Lowland. Misantla is an obvious outlier, but the relationship among the remaining three, which comprise the Central Totonac division, is uncertain due to competing lines of evidence: lexical isoglosses group Sierra and Lowland against Northern while morphological changes appear to set Sierra off against the other two. The spatial distribution of the morphological innovations shows these not to be a coherent set of changes inherited from a common ancestor, but instead a series of successive innovations diffused in a wave-like pattern. This paper also demonstrates that the morphological innovations are more recent than the lexical changes, supporting the prior separation of Sierra-Lowland languages from Northern. The paper also explores the methodological issues associated with the classification of languages in close contact at shallow time depths.
Effect of different inclusion levels of defatted Hermetia illucens larvae meal on fillet quality of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Busti S. , Magnani M. , Badiani A. , Silvi M. , Baldi G. , Soglia F. , Petracci M. , Sirri F. , Gasco L. , Brambilla F. , Gatta P.P. , Parma L. , Bonaldo A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, insect meal has attracted increasing interest as an innovative protein source to replace fish meal in feed formulation due to its valuable nutritional profile. This research aimed to compare the effects of different dietary inclusion levels (5, 10, and 15%) of Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal on Sparus aurata (initial weight: 98.6 ± 0.6 g) sensorial, technological, and nutritional fillets quality. Fish were fed experimental diets over 113 days. Results showed that the inclusion of defatted HI larvae meal did not induce off-flavours in gilthead sea bream fillets. No significant differences were found in appearance, mouthfeels, and texture, while a difference emerged in the trait ‘cooked chicken breast’ for odour and flavour characteristics. Moreover, fillets’ quality traits and proximate composition analyses performed did not show significant differences between the treatments. The fillets’ fatty acid content showed that higher inclusion of HI meal leads to higher saturated fatty acids content, while no significant difference in polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed among treatments. Results have a positive implication as dietary HI did not negatively affect the fatty acids composition or quality of sea bream fillets.
Drying treatment impact on oil yield extracted from black soldier fly larvae using supercritical carbon dioxide and its biological activities
Authors: Rattana M. , Yongyut C. , Supachet P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are considered economically viable as an alternative source of oil and bioactive compounds. The drying and extraction methods are critical steps in the extraction of oil and have an impact on the characteristics and composition of the extracted oil. Supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from black soldier fly larvae allows for the extraction of important bioactive compounds and oils while causing the least amount of change. The effect of different pre-treatment tray-drying and freeze-drying methods on the quantity and biological activities of oil extracted from black soldier fly larvae using supercritical CO2 was investigated in this study. Oil extraction from tray-dried and freeze-dried black soldier fly larvae samples could be done at low temperatures for a shorter extraction time, resulting in higher yields while avoiding the negative effects of high temperatures on lipids and other valuable components. The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried black soldier fly larvae contained major fatty acid compositions such as lauric acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, as well as total phenolic compounds (0.067-0.113 mg gallic acid/g oil), antioxidant capacity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) (0.36-0.56 μmol Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/10 g oil), and antioxidant capacity 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (0.23-0.55 μmol TEAC/10 g oil, and ferric reducing antioxidant power antioxidant capacity (0.33-0.64 μmol TEAC/10 g oil). The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried larvae samples had a shelf life of approximately 2.42-3.63 months and 2.51-3.40 months, respectively, at storage temperatures ranging from 25 to 55 °C. The oil extracted from tray-dried and freeze-dried larvae samples extracted using supercritical CO2 had high acid values which could inhibit keratinocyte growth by 76.70 and 75.04%, respectively, at 100 mg/ml concentrations. Furthermore, the tray-drying and freeze-drying methods had no effect on the physicochemical properties of the supercritical CO2-extracted oil from dried black soldier fly larvae samples.
Behaviour intention to eat reared crickets in Myanmar: the effects of trust, knowledge, and perceived quality
Authors: Myint Thu Thu A. , Klink-Lehmann J. , Dürr J. , Borgemeister C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Edible insects are a good source of proteins, fats, and micronutrients for human consumption. Crickets are one of the most widely reared insects worldwide. They require less capital spending and less space and water consumption while offering more food, employment, and income possibilities than conventional animal farming. Additionally, raising crickets may aid in achieving various sustainable development objectives. Although crickets are Myanmar’s most popular edible insects, a few farmers are presently rearing them. The farming business is not thriving as in other countries mainly because consumers primarily eat crickets collected from the wild. Using the extended theory of planned behaviour, this study identifies factors possibly impacting the intention to eat reared crickets in Myanmar, alongside perceived product quality, consumer knowledge, and trust in value chain actors. Data were collected through telephone interviews, resulting in a valid data set of 212 respondents from Yangon and Mandalay who recently ate crickets collected from the wild. The result of the structural equation modelling revealed that participants are ready to accept reared crickets as a food source. Consumption intention towards reared crickets is directly influenced by consumers’ attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and trust in producers. Concurrently, it is indirectly influenced by consumer knowledge of the environmental friendliness of cricket farming. Subjective norms, trust in retailers, and perceived product quality do not significantly affect the intention to eat crickets. As trust in producers is the new main predictive factor, cricket farmers should build public trust by giving transparency in the production process, thereby achieving a more favourable attitude towards reared insects, possibly leading to higher consumption levels.
Growth performance and dynamic copper accumulation in tissues of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae under copper exposure
Authors: Zhou M. , Wu S.J. , Tan X.H. , Sun Q.X. , Li X.C. , Dong Y.W. , You C.H. , Huang Y.H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To figure out the copper metabolism features in vivo and evaluate the potential risk of copper residue in tissues of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and their by-products, the effects of oral copper exposure of 0, 50, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (Control, Cu50, Cu500 and Cu1000) on growth performance and dynamic copper accumulation in the fat body, cuticle of BSFL and the rearing residue were investigated in a 12-days rearing trial. The results showed that, the body weight and length, and body protein content of BSFL were improved by exposure to 50 mg/kg copper, but reduced by exposure to 500 and 1000 mg/kg copper, as well as that of the pre-pupa rate. Under the copper exposure of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, the copper concentrations in the larval fat body were high at the early developmental stage, but sharply reduced to be 8.1 ± 0.3 mg/kg within 12 days with no significant differences among groups. Similarly, the copper concentrations in the cuticle also decreased rapidly to be 46.3 ± 2.9 and 91.3 ± 9.4 mg/kg in the Cu500 and Cu1000 groups within 12 days, but they were significantly higher than those of the control (8.1 ± 0.3 mg/kg) and Cu50 (10.1 ± 1.1 mg/kg) groups. The linear regression analysis between copper exposure doses and copper concentrations in the rearing residues indicated that the latter are dose- and time-dependent. Overall, the growth performance and body protein content of BSFL were improved by low copper exposure, but reduced by high copper exposure. The oral copper could be excluded from larval fat body and cuticle rapidly, and be largely accumulated in the rearing residues. Therefore, little risk of copper residue in the main tissues of post larvae or pre-pupae of black soldier fly (BSF), but higher risk of it in the rearing residues could be anticipated. Our results provide valuable information for safety assessment of copper residues in BSF products and by-products.
Survey on public acceptance of insects as novel food in a non-EU country: a case study of Serbia
Authors: Andrić A. , Miličić M. , Bojanić M. , Obradović V. , Šašić Zorić L. , Petrović M. , Gadjanski I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the state of public perceptions and acceptance of insects as food in Serbia. The data was gathered via an online survey involving 1102 participants who completed Google Forms questionnaire shared through mailing lists and social media channels. The findings indicate that, while 85.3% of the respondents were aware of the use of insects in human diet, only 12.5% had previously consumed edible insects. The results of the chi-square tests further revealed that both familiarity and experience significantly affected willingness to buy insect-based food, whereas age and educational level did not. Men were more open to purchasing edible insects than women. Twice as many participants (49.4%) responded positively to eating insect-based food in which insects were not visible than to consuming recognisable insects (25.4%). Crisis (shortage of conventional sources of protein), curiosity, nutrition, and health benefits were the most frequently chosen reasons for including insect-based products in a diet, whereas disgust was the main reason against. Multiple correspondence analysis resulted in two dimensions that accounted for the largest amount of variance. The first dimension referred to familiarity with entomophagy, experience of eating edible insects, and willingness to buy insect-based products, whereby sustainability, affordability, taste, nutrition, and curiosity were the reasons for including insect-based products in a diet, while high price was a reason against. The second dimension indicated lack of familiarity, experience, or willingness to buy, with crisis as the most common motivating reason, and the perception of insects as pests and socio-cultural unacceptance as the main reasons against. Although almost half of the respondents reported willingness to consume processed insect-based products, the actual acceptance is possibly lower. Therefore, future research should focus on the provision of tasting opportunities as well as information on the benefits associated with the production and consumption of insects.
The need for dedicated pilot plant infrastructure for insect rearing and processing: a case-study from Belgium
Authors: Frooninckx L. , De Smet J. , Van Miert S. , Van Der Borght M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Insects have the potential to form the basis of a sustainable value chain that plays a key role in the transition to a biobased economy. Numerous companies recognize the potential of insects, but immediate application on an industrial scale is hampered by several obstacles such as regulatory uncertainties and the need for support to upscale their processes. Another challenge is that only limited information is available on industrial insect rearing, and the information that is freely available often comes from small-scale research. Translating the research findings of that small-scale research to industrial scale is often cumbersome. In Belgium, KU Leuven and Thomas More in collaboration with VITO started doing research on insect rearing and processing about a decade ago. They recognized the need to add expertise on pilot scale, aside from their research on laboratory scale, as an intermediate step towards industrial production. The realisation of the Insect Pilot Plant in Belgium has enabled their ambition to offer such solutions at pilot scale. Additional benefit of having this pilot facility is that increased reliability and flexibility that comes with it enables the standardisation of all experiments, lab-scale as well as pilot scale, further increasing the expertise of the research centres involved and their ability to transfer that expertise to the sector.
The effect of different levels of Hermetia illucens oil inclusion on caecal microbiota of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica, Gould, 1837)
Authors: Atallah E. , Mahayri T.M. , Fliegerová K.O. , Mrázek J. , Addeo N.F. , Bovera F. , Moniello G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of the dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens larvae oil on the diversity and structure of the bacterial community of the caecal content of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). A total of 40 quails, equally selected for slaughter from 100 animals which were divided evenly into four treatment groups including control group (C) with a diet containing corn oil and 3 experimental groups with partial (25%, 50%) or total (100%) substitution of corn oil by H. illucens larvae oil, here referred to as Black soldier fly larvae oil (BSFO): BSFO 25, BSFO 50 and BSFO 100, respectively. After slaughtering (42 days of age), the microbiota of caecal samples was examined by high-throughput sequencing using the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. In all the studied groups the dominant phylum was Firmicutes with prevailing families of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Caecal microbiota was meaningly influenced on genus level. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) analysis for the differential taxa abundance showed that Lactobacillus was significantly increased in BSFO 25 group, Fusicatenibacter was significantly enriched in all the experimental groups fed larvae oil (BSFO 25, 50 and 100) and Subdoligranulum was highly elevated in BSFO 100 group. The analysis revealed statistical dissimilarities between the control group (C) and the groups with 50% and 100% oil replacement (BSFO 50 and 100). The bacterial diversity was significantly suppressed in the samples of quails fed the diet with a total inclusion of H. illucens oil (BSFO 100). The results showed the considerable effect of Black soldier fly larvae oil on the caecal microbiota of Japanese quails.
Performance, blood and histological parameters and gene expression of lipogenic markers in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed Tenebrio molitor larvae meal
Authors: Soares L.J.F. , Ribeiro G.O. , Freitas D.F. , Madureira E.R. , Aiura F.S. , Maciel M.P. , Nascimento J.C.S. , Ribeiro A.G. , Santos S.H.S. , Costa D.V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate different inclusion levels of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae meal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two hundred male Tilapia juveniles were distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments (0%, 6.5%, 13%, 19.5% and 26% mealworm larvae meal) and four repetitions (polyethylene tanks), with 10 animals each. Productive performance, blood, histological and molecular parameters and viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices were evaluated. Among the evaluated parameters, final biomass, biomass gain, final weight, weight gain and apparent feed consumption were influenced by the inclusion of mealworm larvae meal in the feeds; the best results were obtained with an inclusion level of 26%. The tilapia fed with mealworm larvae meal showed higher body and fillet weights and larger muscle fibres. In addition, they presented similar values of biochemical components compared to animals fed the standard diet. Lipogenic genes were significantly higher expressed in groups fed mealworm larvae meal. In view of the findings, the inclusion of mealworm larvae meal in the diet of Nile tilapia is a viable approach, and inclusion levels of up to 26% of replacement of digestible protein have no negative impacts on the analysed parameters.
Crickets (Gryllus Bimaculatus) using food waste usefulness of self-selection feed design method through each growth stage
Authors: Akiyama D. , Kaewplik T. , Fujisawa T. , Kurosu T. , Sasaki Y. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, a self-selected feed design was conducted for Japanese food wastes, considering the macronutrients (protein, lipid, carbohydrate) and six feed options and three options for vegetable wastes, and performance was compared with commercial diet to determine the usefulness of the feed design method and the possibility of using food waste in Japan were examined by comparing the performance of the feed design method with commercial diet. Data on self-selection diet design for crickets at different growth stages were obtained to determine the differences in feed consumption rates and nutrient requirements among stages. The results showed that it is possible to achieve cricket weight and feed conversion efficiencies (0.5-0.8) comparable to those of commercial diets using food residues when macro-nutrients are considered, and abundant options are provided. On the other hand, the use of only vegetable wastes resulted in lower cricket weight and higher feed conversion efficiency (0.8-1.4). Based on feed consumption rates, bread bran, rice bran, and fish meal were found to be suitable feeds among Japanese food waste for production in all growth stages, while bean curd and sake less were found to be suitable for production in some growth stages. Data obtained from self-selections separated by growth stage revealed that the percentage of feed consumption varied greatly among growth stages, being about 50-68% in the late growth stage. Percentages of macronutrients and micronutrients were also found to vary by growth stage. Protein percentages were found to be higher in the second week after hatching. Lipids were highest in the first week and decreased thereafter. Crude fiber was lowest in the fourth week. Ash content did not change significantly at all stages. This research is the first attempt at self-selection of crickets in different growth stages, and the data obtained can contribute to feed design.
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal based extruded diets: potential to improve canine oral health
Authors: Santos Neto E.L. , Cardoso R.K.N. , Santos L.A.T.A. , Sampaio F.C. , Santos E.M. , Restan W.A.Z. , Aarts K. , Paul A. , Loureiro B.A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal-based pet food is gaining traction in Europe. In order to unlock the full potential of antimicrobial peptides and fatty acids present in BSFL meal, we evaluated the role of BSFL meal containing pet food in modulating the oral health of dogs. During this study eight female beagle dogs were fed with two iso-nutritive diets in a cross-over design with two periods of 50 days each. These diets were made using defatted BSFL meal or low ash poultry by product (PBP) meal as the main protein source. At the end of the first period, the animals underwent a wash out period of 7 days and the treatments were inverted following this treatment. Oral health of dogs was measured by: (1) count of colony forming unit of volatile sulfur producing bacterial (VSC) in dental plaque; (2) DNA extraction and amplification of 16S rRNA genes from saliva for bacterial profiling; and (3) oral malodor scoring. We found significant reduction of VSC () before and after 50 days of BSFL based pet food consumption. Oral malodor score was not significantly different before and after BSFL based pet food consumption. However, there was a strong tendency for malodor reduction related to BSFL fed groups (). Finally, there was a significant difference () between treatments in the relative abundance of Moraxella, with higher abundance in dog’s saliva when fed BSFL diets. This bacterial group is identified as a marker of oral health. In conclusion, the consumption of BSFL meal-based diets has strong potential to decrease VSC and positively modulates the saliva microbiota, which can suppress the occurrence of halitosis and improve oral health.
Dietary replacement of soybean meal with black soldier fly larvae meal improves growth and disease resistance in juvenile Pangasius bocourti
Authors: Fatima S. , Afzal A. , Aziz K. , Carter C.G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This eight week long experiment was performed to study the effects of substitution of crude protein from soybean meal (SBM) with non-defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) on growth, nutritional quality, haematology, biochemistry, oxidative stress biomarkers, and bacterial disease resistance in juvenile basa (Pangasius bocourti). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (30% crude protein) were formulated to replace 0% (T0), 40% (T40), 80% (T80) and 100% (T100) of crude protein from SBM with BSFLM. Fingerlings (initial weight = 18.00 ± 1.25 g, n = 135) were stocked in aquaria. At end of the growth experiment, fifteen fish from each group were exposed to bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) challenge (0.80 CFU/ml) for fifteen days. Fish in BSFLM substituted groups showed significantly higher growth and condition as compared to those in T0. Inclusion of BSFLM did not affect the chemical composition, profile of amino acids, and fatty acids in fish. However, the levels of lauric acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, decosahexanoic acid, and eicosapentanoic acid increased in BSFLM fed fish. The concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme increased with addition of BSFLM in diet at end of the growth experiment. These oxidative stress biomarkers indicate that replacement of SBM with BSFLM up to 80% improved the growth and disease resistance in basa against gram-positive bacteria. BSFLM can be a future alternative protein source for commercial production of aquafeed for this species.