bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical accountability in the 1880s: the death of Susan Nixon
Authors: Watters Greg R. , Walker David R. 
Published: August 2005

Susan Nixon died in 1881 following a surgical error. Her surgeon, Dr W. E. Warren, excised a normal 7‐month gravid uterus under the misapprehension that he was removing a tubular pregnancy. It is believed that Mrs Nixon was the first woman in Australia to have an abdominal hysterectomy and the second to have a live Caesarean section. The surgical misadventure that resulted in Mrs Nixon's death became a public scandal, which gained currency through both parliamentary debate and the popular press.The purpose of referring to this case is to explore the mechanisms of accountability that surgeons faced in the 1880s − a decade of rapid change in the practice of surgery. The response of late nineteenth century society to surgical error and the resultant reaction of the medical profession have resonances that are relevant to surgeons practising today.
Cooperation in collective action*
Authors: Bandiera Oriana , Barankay Iwan , Rasul Imran 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe ability to cooperate in collective action problems – such as those relating to the use of common property resources or the provision of local public goods – is a key determinant of economic performance. In this paper we discuss two aspects of collective action problems in developing countries. First, which institutions discourage opportunistic behaviour and promote cooperation? Second, what are the characteristics of the individuals involved that determine the degree to which they cooperate? We first review the evidence from field studies, laboratory experiments, and cross community studies. We then present new results from an individual level panel dataset of rural workers.
A two‐center, double‐blinded, randomized trial testing the tolerability and efficacy of a novel therapeutic agent for cellulite reduction
Authors: Rao Jaggi , Gold Michael H , Goldman Mitchel P 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntroduction  Cellulite is the unsightly dimpling and nodularity found on the thighs and buttocks of many postadolescent women. Unfortunately, poor understanding of its pathophysiology coupled with very few scientifically based studies have left us with limited treatment options that are tolerable and effective.Purpose  To review current concepts of the etiology and nature of cellulite and summarize available treatment options. To evaluate a novel, pathophysiologically based, topical agent for treatment.Materials and methods  A total of 40 women with a moderate degree of cellulite (20 from each of the two research centers) entered a double‐blinded, randomized trial where an anticellulite cream was applied on a nightly basis to the affected sites for four continuous weeks. Each subject was randomized to receive active cream on either the right or left leg, with the contralateral side serving as placebo control. Bioceramic‐coated neoprene shorts were worn overnight to enhance penetration of the topical agents by occlusion. High‐quality digital photography was taken before treatment and after 4 weeks, with tangential full‐spectrum lighting. Five blinded, independent physician reviewers assessed the photographs for improvement. Subject questionnaires were completed to assess tolerability and efficacy.Results  Of the 34 subjects who completed the study, 62% (21/34) noticed an overall improvement in their cellulite, with 62% (13/21) reporting greater improvement in the thigh that received active product. All 34 subjects found the shorts and creams easy and pleasant to use. Overall, the average measured decrease in thigh circumference was 1.9 cm (range: 0.1–4.5) with active product, and 1.3 cm (range: 0.1–3.0) with placebo. Upon review of the pre‐ and poststudy photographs, dermatologist evaluators found thighs treated with active product showed greater improvement than thighs treated with placebo in 68% of subjects.Conclusions  The active topical agent used in this study was found to be effective in reducing the appearance of cellulite. All subjects tolerated the formulation well with no adverse effects. The success of this research validates the pathophysiologic concepts used to formulate the topical compound. This study both increases our understanding of the nature of cellulite and establishes a tolerable, effective product to treat it.
Artificial nails and psoriasis
Authors: André Josette 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWhen dealing with artificial nails, it is often mentioned that psoriasis is a contraindication because artificial nails may worsen nail psoriasis by Köbner phenomenon.1 However, although not thoroughly discussed, other interactions between psoriasis and artificial nails exist. On the basis of clinical cases, the following interactions are described: worsening of psoriasis, the fact that psoriatic patients wearing artificial nails are more exposed to infections, and allergic risks. The clinical similarities that may exist between nail psoriasis and nail alterations caused by allergic reactions to artificial nails are also emphasized.
Microdermabrasion followed by a 5% retinoid acid chemical peel vs. a 5% retinoid acid chemical peel for the treatment of photoaging – a pilot study
Authors: Hexsel Doris , Mazzuco Rosemari , Dal’Forno Taciana , Zechmeister Debora 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground  Both retinoid acid (RA) chemical peeling and microdermabrasion are minimally invasive procedures recently developed for the treatment of photoaging. The efficacy of each procedure has been proved, but the results of the combination of these two methods have not been studied until now.Objectives  To assess and compare the efficacy of microdermabrasion followed by a 5% RA chemical peel with that of a 5% RA chemical peel alone.Methods  Six female patients with moderate degrees of photodamage were evaluated. Three submitted to microdermabrasion followed by the application of a 5% RA chemical peel and three submitted to a 5% RA chemical peel alone. Each patient underwent three treatment sessions, with intervals of 7–10 days. Photographs were taken, and both biopsies and histological assessments were carried out, before treatment and 7 days after the final treatment session.Results  In the opinion of the patients, in both groups there was improvement in the texture, pigmentation, and appearance of the treated skin, and this was confirmed with the assessment of the pre‐ and post‐treatment photographs. The combination of microdermabrasion followed by a 5% RA peel showed slightly greater improvement in the histological alterations resulting from photoaging.Conclusion  Both methods, microdermabrasion followed by a 5% RA chemical peel and a 5% RA chemical peel alone are effective in the treatment of photoaging.
Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging
Authors: Stefanaki Christina , Stratigos Alexander , Katsambas Andreas 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA large number of different substances comprise the family of retinoids, which are traditionally described as vitamin A derivatives. By exerting their action through nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors they may improve photoaging. Tretinoin is the best studied retinoid in the treatment of photoaging. Others such as isotretinoin, retinaldehyde, and tazarotene, although less well studied, have given promising results.
Self‐Help Epilepsy Groups: An Evaluation of Effect on Depression and Schizophrenia
Authors: Becu Maximo , Becu Nora , Manzur Graciela , Kochen Silvia 
Published: August 2005

Summary:The general prevalence of depression and schizophrenia was determined in a random outpatient population (n = 67) of refractory epileptic patients by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Of those patients 25% showed scores of moderate or severe depression. Self‐help group intervention modifies significantly (p < 0.001) general mean depression rates, especially dystimia. Male and female differences emerged in our study for previous prevalence and pattern of recovery.
New Topographic Mapping of Temporal Lobe Seizures
Authors: Ives J. R. , Ichihashi K. , Gruber L. J. , Mainwaring N. R. , Blume H. W. , Schomer D. L. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:A unique topographic map has been developed based on EEG data of ictal events originating from the basal/mesiotemporal lobe regions. This technique involves a new mapping method of temporal lobe seizures as opposed to the interictal activity maps of most commercially available software. The map integrates data from sphenoidal electrodes as well as the standard 10–20 surface electrodes recorded with bipolar montages. A basal view is ideal for visualization of onset of temporal lobe ictal discharges recorded with chronic sphenoidal electrodes. We used the last 150 ictal events from 40 patients with basal/mediotemporal lobe epilepsy to develop this technique. Results indicate that a topographic view incorporating sphenoidal and scalp electrodes may provide a useful adjunct for interpretation of EEG recordings and a basis for comparison between and among patient groups for both ictal and interictal epileptic discharges.
Emanuel Swedenborg
Authors: Foote‐Smith Elizabeth , Smith Timothy J. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:How is it that the name of a brilliant 18th century scientist and philosopher, many of whose exceptional achievements were often advanced for his time, is almost never mentioned in the annals of science? And how did it happen that a man very deeply dedicated to the advancement of science experienced a vision that completely altered the course of his life? We suggest, based on his extensive self‐analytical writings, that the source of his spiritual experiences was temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and that he is among the group of creative religious thinkers also suspected or known to have had epilepsy, from St. Paul and Mohammed to Dostoevsky, who have changed Western civilization.
Diet‐Induced Ketosis Does Not Cause Cerebral Acidosis
Authors: Al‐Mudallal Ali S. , LaManna Joseph C. , Lust W. David , Harik Sami I. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:Ketosis is beneficial for seizure control, possibly through induction of cerebral acidosis. However, cerebral intracellular pH has not previously been measured in ketotic humans and the animal data are sparse. We describe a high‐fat diet, avidly consumed by rats, that induced consistent and moderate ketosis. Adult male rats were fed either the high‐fat ketogenic diet, a high‐carbohydrate diet with the same protein content as the ketogenic diet, or regular laboratory chow. Five to 6 weeks later, the rats were anesthetized, paralyzed, and injected with neutral red; their brains were frozen in situ. Intracellular pH of the cerebral cortex and cerebral glucose, lactate, ATP, phosphocreatine, and y‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were measured. Rats fed the ketogenic diet had > 10–fold increase in their plasma ketones, but we noted no significant differences in cerebral pH or in cerebral metabolites and GABA levels among the three groups. Therefore, the antiepileptic effect of the ketogenic diet probably is not mediated by cerebral acidosis or changes in total cerebral GABA levels.
Pharyngeal Dysesthesia as an Aura in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Carmant L. , Carrazana E. , Kramer U. , Helmers S. L. , Holmes G. L. , Black P. McL. , Mikati M. A. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: Because oral, buccal, an d sometimes oral‐pharngeal manifestations in epilepsy are linked to the central‐temporal region, we studied 3 patients with childhood‐onset partial seizures that consistently began with pharynteal dysesthesias, described as either throat tingling or burning, to loicalize seizure onset.Methods: Because of an intractable clinical course, each patient underwent invasive video‐EEG monitoring, which localized the epileptogenic zone to the mesial temporal lobe, The 3 patients underwent temporal lobe resections.Results: All 3 patients achieved remission of the pharyngeal auras and a 90–100% reduction in the frequency of their seizures.Conclusions: Pharyngeal dysesthesias can be the initial manifestation of complex partial seizures (CPS) of temporal lobe origin.
Self‐Reported Sexual Function and Sexual Arousability in Women with Epilepsy
Authors: Morrell Martha J. , Guldner Gregory T. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: Women with epilepsy are at risk for sexual dysfunction but the frequency and types of dysfunction have not been well characterized. Methods: Self‐reported sexual function was evaluated in 116 women aged 18‐65 years with epilepsy and no concomitant medical or psychiatric illness, including 99 with localization‐related epilepsy (LRE) and 17 with primary generalized epilepsy (PGE). Variables evaluated included seizure frequency, age of seizure onset, and antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure. Standardized inventories assessed sexual functioning, sexual arousability and anxiety, sexual behavior, and depression. Results: Although sexual experience was not reduced, women with PGE and LRE reported significantly less sexual arousability and women with LRE reported significantly more sexual anxiety. Women with LRE experienced significantly more dyspareunia, vaginismus, arousal insufficiency, and sexual dissatisfaction, whereas women with PGE experienced an‐orgasmia and sexual dissatisfaction. Sexual symptoms were not associated with seizure frequency, AED exposure, sexual experience, depression, or prepubertal seizure onset. Conclusions: In contrast to subjects of previous research, the women in our study did not have a disorder of sexual desire, but more than one third experienced disorders of sexual arousal, implying a physiological deficit. Although the etiology for these arousal phase dysfunctions has not been defined, such conditions are treatable and warrant referral to a gynecologist versed in the treatment of sexual disorders.
Photic‐Induced Epileptic Negative Myoclonus: A Case Report
Authors: Gambardella Antonio , Aguglia Umberto , Oliveri Rosario Luciano , Pucci Franco , Zappia Mario , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: August 2005

Summary:We present the first documented case of photic‐induced epileptic negative myoclonus. A 17‐year‐old girl had experienced two generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS) while watching television. The only EEG abnormality was a photoparoxysmal response (PPR), which was sometimes accompanied by loss of postural tone in both arms. Valproate was effective in abolishing photosensitivity. Negative myoclonus should be included among the ictal phenomena accompanying PPR.
Parental Assessment of Functional Outcome After Corpus Callosotomy
Authors: Gilliam Frank , Wyllie Elaine , Kotagal Prakash , Geckler Cheri , Rusyniak George 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: We wished to evaluate functional outcome and parental satisfaction after corpus callosotomy. Methods: We studied a cohort of parents of 17 patients who had received an anterior corpus callosotomy > 7 months earlier (mean 26 months) for severe, intractable seizures. Parental satisfaction with the overall surgical results was the primary outcome measure. In addition, the parents assessed behavior changes that had been emphasized preoperatively as important aspects of their children's function, including alertness and responsiveness, falls and injuries, and special care needs. Degree of seizure reduction and extent of corpus callosum were also measured. Results: The parents of 15 (88%) patients reported satisfaction with the surgical outcome. All parents who expressed satisfaction would recommend callosotomy to another family in a similar situation. The behavior change most closely associated with satisfaction was improved alertness and responsiveness (p < 0.03). Although 9 patients experienced > 80% reduction in targeted seizures, satisfaction was not reported at a greater rate as compared with the 6 patients with 50–80% reduction. Conclusions: Most parents report satisfaction with the outcome of their child's corpus callosotomy, but are influenced by improvement in aspects of function and behavior in addition to seizure reduction.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Anterotemporal Lobectomy in Medically Intractable Complex Partial Epilepsy
Authors: Langfitt John T. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: The value of high‐cost health technologies is being increasingly scrutinized by providers of health care. An understanding of the costs and outcomes of high‐technology epilepsy care is required to ensure efficient resource allocation. Methods: Decision analysis was used to estimate the cost effectiveness of anterotemporal lobectomy (ATL) as compared with standard medical management in medically‐intractable epilepsy. Local (Rochester, NY, U.S.A.) cost data were applied to a model of lifetime discounted costs and outcomes of evaluation, ATL, and follow‐up in a hypothetical cohort of patients. Results: Base case analysis yielded a marginal cost‐effectiveness ratio (MECR) of $15,58/quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Extensive sensitivity analyses identified extreme conditions in which evaluation for ATL was dominant (more effective and less costly) or in which it might be considered not worth the cost (MCER >$50,00O/QALY). Conclusions: Estimates of ATL cost effectiveness fall within a generally acceptable range, even when uncertainty about many model parameters is taken into account. Under assumptions based on available data in the literature, the cost effectiveness of ATL compares favorably with that of other health technologies. Prospective multicenter studies of regional cost and practice variations; long‐term probabilities of year‐to‐year transitions between seizure outcome states and their effects on quality of life (QOL), and the effect of nonsurgical treatments on seizure control and QOL are needed to provide the critical data to confirm and constrain these estimates.
Clinical and Electroencephalographic Correlates in Rasmussen's Encephalitis
Authors: Andrews P. Ian , McNamara James O. , Lewis Danell V. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a progressive childhood disease characterized by unilateral brain dysfunction, seizures, and inflammatory histopathology. Converging lines of evidence suggest that an autoimmune process is important in the pathogenesis of RE. Methods: Two patients with pathologically confirmed RE and increased levels of circulating glutamate receptor subunit (GluR3) antibodies were studied prospectively before, during, and after trials of plasmapheresis (PEX) and other immunomodulation. Frequency, duration, and intensity of clinical seizures were directly correlated with the abundance of interictal epileptiform activity on serial EEGs. Results: Serial EEGs in these patients suggest that early in the course of RE interictal epileptiform activity is localized to the affected hemisphere and that disease progression is associated with increasingly frequent bilaterally synchronous and contralateral epileptiform activity. Conclusions: The clinical and EEG parameters of epileptogenesis were transiently diminished by PEX, which suggests that circulating factors induce dose‐dependent, reversible epileptogenic effects in some patients with RE.
Benign Focal Epileptiform Discharges in Children After Severe Head Trauma: Prognostic Value and Clinical Course
Authors: Wohlrab Gabriele , Schmitt B. , Boltshauser E. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: To assess the occurrence and prognosis of benign focal epileptiform discharges (BFED) in EEG after severe head trauma (SHT) in children. Methods: Between January 1987 and December 1994, 47 of 828 children with anamnestic SHT showed a single or dominant epileptic focus in EEG. Spike wave localization and morphology were either suggestive for BFED (group I, 21 children) or were suspected to be symptomatic (group II, 26 children). We analyzed the course of epilepsy and epileptic discharges in EEG, neuroradiologic findings, neurologic outcome, and school adjustment. Results: After SHT, spike waves appeared immediately (within 72 h) or delayed (maximum 7 years) and disappeared between ages 3 and 14 years in 14 children of group I and between ages 8 and 23 years in 10 of group II. Children with persistent spike waves in group I were all younger than 14 years; in group II, seven were older than 15 years. Computed tomographic (CT) lesions, ipsilateral to the epileptic focus, were seen in 10 children of group I and 15 of group II. Early seizures occurred in nine children of group I and eight of group II and late‐onset seizures in one of group I and nine of group II (p = 0.028). Epilepsy developed in three children of group I and 12 of group II and was drug refractory in six children of group II, all with persistent epileptic foci. Regular schools were attended by 14 (67%) children in group I and 12 (48%) of group II. Conclusions: Benign focal epileptiform discharges in post‐traumatic EEGs have the same favorable prognosis as in benign focal epilepsy and should be handled as recommended for classic benign focal epilepsy.
Topiramate Monotherapy for Partial Onset Seizures
Authors: Sachdeo Rajesh C. , Reife Ross A. , Lim Pilar , Pledger Gordon 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: Evaluation of topiramate (TPM) as monotherapy in patients with uncontrolled partial onset seizures. Methods: A total of 48 patients were evaluated in a doubleblind, parallel‐group trial. During a 56‐day baseline period, patients had at least eight partial onset seizures while being treated with one or two standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). After 1–2 weeks of open‐label treatment with TPM 100 mg/day, patients were randomly assigned, in equal proportions, to receive double‐blind therapy with TPM 100 or 1,000 mg/day in a 5‐week conversion and an 11‐week monotherapy period. The study endpoint was completion of 112 study days (success) or fulfillment of one or more exit criteria: doubling of average 28‐ day or highest 2‐day baseline seizure rate, a generalized tonic‐clonic seizure (GTCS) if none had occurred at baseline, or significant prolongation of generalized seizure duration. Results: Time until exit was longer (p = 0.002) and success frequency was higher (p = 0.005) with TPM 1,000 as compared with 100 mg/day. Seizure‐rate reductions of 50, 75, or 100% were achieved by 46, 25, and 13% of the 1,000‐mg/day group, respectively, as compared with 13, 8, and 0% of the 100‐mg/day group, respectively. Most adverse events (AE) were mild or moderate in severity. Conclusions: Monotherapy with TPM 1,000 mg/day for partial onset seizures with or without secondarily generalized seizures was effective, with a favorable safety profile.