bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMW first to adopt data matrix for engine “track and trace”
Authors: Mortimer John 
Published: March 2005

PurposeDescribes how BMW is implementing data matrix technology to trace and track major engine components.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the major production line hardware components of a new system that is being installed at the company's Hams Hall, UK engine plant that will be used in conjunction with Tecnomatix's XFactory intelligent software to provide a comprehensive database both for the purposes of production control as well as for use in service.FindingsThe basic hardware elements of the data matrix system have already been proven out at Hams Hall using RVSI's HawkEye 1510 cutting‐edge cameras and data matrix marking machines supplied by Technifor Ltd of Leamington Spa. Technifor, also supplied the 2D data matrix readers and verifiers from RVSI in Nashua, New Hampshire, USA. The XFactory software was installed in the last month of 2004.Research limitations/implicationsEngineers at BMW plan to expand the technology to enable them to use it for selective machining of cylinder heads for various types of engine. Also, as component suppliers to BMW also adopt the technology, data matrix tracking will be used for a large variety of engine components for use in assembly. It also has implications during CMM inspection to quickly identify which machining operations might be faulty.Practical implicationsData matrix technology offers a low‐cost approach to the tracking and tracing of complex major engine components during both machining and assembly.Originality/valueBMW claims it is the first automotive engine supplier in the UK to use data matrix technology to track and trace components.
Solution framework proposal: taking effective control over the project delivery chain with automatic identification and agent‐based solutions
Authors: Ilie Zudor E. , Holmstrom J. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to propose a solution framework for better project delivery control.Design/methodology/approachThree emerging technologies that may offer practical solutions are reviewed. These are: automatic product identification, merge‐in‐transit (MIT), and agent based control systems.FindingsCombining project site level and shipment specific control makes it possible to implement MIT in the project delivery chain. This basic functionality of merging deliveries is needed to react to project delays, and improve rescheduling project resources.Research limitations/implicationsSystems design and trials are needed for further development of the proposed solution framework.Practical implicationsOrganizations responsible for coordinating project deliveries need to think about the incentives and costs for logistics service providers, and other business partners to participate in MIT solutions.Originality/valueThe proposed framework is based on an open identification scheme. This makes it possible for new project delivery partners and service providers to locate and start using the controlling software applications without prior notification and arrangement.
Publishers and librarians in Central and Eastern Europe – love or hatred?
Authors: Jelušić Srećko 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo provide an overview and propose solutions in improving scholarly publishing and document supply in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in connection with copyright acts and library practice.Design/methodology/approachCurrent (national) libraries’ practices are analysed, especially with regard tp improving access to documents through ICT. A broad overview of intellectual property protection is given. Scholarly publishing in CEE is analysed retrospectively with a particular emphasis on current obstacles to better communication and distribution of scholarly work published in CEE.FindingsFindings are related to the digital environment and social changes in contemporary Europe. Lack of highly skilled personnel within the document production and access chain is stressed as the major problem. Along this, language barriers, lack of cooperation among non‐fiction writers, universities, publishers and libraries strongly affect efficient document supply to students and scholars in CEE.Research limitations/implicationsAccess to comparable statistical data on books and journal publishing and use would add to the possibility reach of more precise findings and conclusions.Practical implicationsUniversities, publishers, non‐fiction writers and libraries could use the findings as a proposal for rethinking and remodelling of their activities with regard to document supply to readers in the digital environment in CEE.Originality/valueThe paper argues for an urgent need for efficient cooperation within scholarly publishing in CEE.
Resource sharing in Australia: evaluation of national initiatives and recent developments
Authors: Missingham Roxanne , Moreno Margarita 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to summarise the changing pattern of Australian interlibrary loans and document delivery, the achievements of the consultative mechanisms (National Resource Sharing Working Group and National Research Sharing Policy Committees) and issues identified for further action.Design/methodology/approachLooks at the different aspects of resource sharing.FindingsThe major themes identified for future action are the need for increased resource discovery (through the NBD), acquisition of collections (particularly with library closures), capability building (training and manuals), information on performance and an urgent need to review the ILRS Code to improve speed of delivery and intelligibility of service levels.Originality/valueFrom the user perspective, the ILL/DD system in the early twenty‐first century is complex and fragmented. The challenge for the Australian library sector is to build on the good infrastructure and systems developed through the NRSWG and NRSPC over the past six years and to develop new models which provide easy transparent modes of access to library collections across the nation.
Bar‐system representation for topology optimization using genetic algorithms
Authors: Wang S.Y. , Tai K. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis paper proposes a bar‐system graph representation for structural topology optimization using a genetic algorithm (GA).Design/methodology/approachBased on graph theory, a graph is first used to represent a skeletal structure consisting of joining paths in the design domain, each of which is represented by a chain subgraph with finite number of vertices. Based on the edges of this graph, a bar‐system representation is proposed to define all the bars and the resulting topology is obtained by mapping each bar with its corresponding thickness to the design domain which is discretized into a regular mesh. The design variables are thus reduced to the spatial distribution of the vertices and the thickness of each bar. This method combines the advantages of both continuum and ground structure optimization methods.FindingsThe overall procedure is applied to classical structural topology optimization problems and its good performance is illustrated in the numerical examples.Originality/valueIt is suggested that the present representation method is both physically meaningful and computationally effective in the framework of topological optimum design using GAs.
Theoretical and numerical analysis of large‐scale heat transfer problems with temperature‐dependent pore‐fluid densities
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs B.E. , Ord A. , Lin Ge , Mühlhaus H.B. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeIn many scientific and engineering fields, large‐scale heat transfer problems with temperature‐dependent pore‐fluid densities are commonly encountered. For example, heat transfer from the mantle into the upper crust of the Earth is a typical problem of them. The main purpose of this paper is to develop and present a new combined methodology to solve large‐scale heat transfer problems with temperature‐dependent pore‐fluid densities in the lithosphere and crust scales.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical approach is used to determine the thickness and the related thermal boundary conditions of the continental crust on the lithospheric scale, so that some important information can be provided accurately for establishing a numerical model of the crustal scale. The numerical approach is then used to simulate the detailed structures and complicated geometries of the continental crust on the crustal scale. The main advantage in using the proposed combination method of the theoretical and numerical approaches is that if the thermal distribution in the crust is of the primary interest, the use of a reasonable numerical model on the crustal scale can result in a significant reduction in computer efforts.FindingsFrom the ore body formation and mineralization points of view, the present analytical and numerical solutions have demonstrated that the conductive‐and‐advective lithosphere with variable pore‐fluid density is the most favorite lithosphere because it may result in the thinnest lithosphere so that the temperature at the near surface of the crust can be hot enough to generate the shallow ore deposits there. The upward throughflow (i.e. mantle mass flux) can have a significant effect on the thermal structure within the lithosphere. In addition, the emplacement of hot materials from the mantle may further reduce the thickness of the lithosphere.Originality/valueThe present analytical solutions can be used to: validate numerical methods for solving large‐scale heat transfer problems; provide correct thermal boundary conditions for numerically solving ore body formation and mineralization problems on the crustal scale; and investigate the fundamental issues related to thermal distributions within the lithosphere. The proposed finite element analysis can be effectively used to consider the geometrical and material complexities of large‐scale heat transfer problems with temperature‐dependent fluid densities.
An overview of digital printing for advanced interconnect applications
Authors: Sutter Thomas 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo review the concept of digital imaging for PCB manufacturing, with a specific focus on ink‐jet printing technologies.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has been written to provide a review of digital imaging in the PCB industry. The application of ink‐jet printing in PCB manufacturing and the basic technology behind ink‐jet printing is described.FindingsInk‐jet printing in PCB manufacturing is a new technology, whose benefits and liabilities are still being determined. Although the concept of digital imaging fits a need in the industry for better control over registration, there are still many issues to be addressed for the technology to become widely adopted.Originality/valueThe value of the paper lies in educating the industry in the concepts of ink‐jet printing and the potential benefits it can deliver towards yield improvement and reduced costs in an ever‐more demanding and price sensitive market.
Environmental and economic implications of a shift to halogen‐free printed wiring boards
Authors: Gunnar Bergendahl Carl , Lichtenvort Kerstin , Johansson Glenn , Zackrisson Mats , Nyyssönen Jonna 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo present the outcome from one case study in the EU project grEEEn (Cost Management System for greening Electrical and Electronic Equipment). The study addressed the material shift in printed wiring boards (PWBs), from the traditional FR4 material containing halogenated flame retardants to halogen‐free FR4 materials.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents by way of introduction the grEEEn method. From the product, process and scenario modelling the results from the analysis of cost, environmental profile and legal compliance are presented and discussed.FindingsIt was found that the shift to the halogen‐free material leads to a slight increase in environmental burden. However, the shift to a halogen‐free material could mean that toxic substances are eliminated or reduced resulting in an overall improvement of the environmental performance. The shift causes an increase in cost ranging between nearly zero and 10 ∈ per PWB panel.Originality/valueThe paper presents results from the first study on the shift from FR4 material containing halogenated flame retardants to halogen‐free FR4 materials and comprises an analysis of the economic, environmental and legislative implications.
Where are we and where are we going?
Authors: Littler Dale , Tynan Caroline 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe paper strives to assess the current status of research in marketing.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines statistics showing the current position of market area studies. The paper also looks at the range of supply and demand factors affecting the quality and volume of research in marketing.FindingsThe paper argues that there is a range of extrinsic factors that affect in some way how research in marketing is undertaken, how it is perceived more widely and the form of its output. Research in marketing also has its own internal drivers that reflect in particular the current position of its knowledge base, and the manner in which those engaged in research perceive research potential. Finally, on the basis of the analysis the paper suggests some practical means of enhancing research in marketing.Originality/valueThis is important in identifying areas of concern that can be addressed in order to enhance the status of marketing.
The rise and fall of the Latin Square in marketing:a cautionary tale
Authors: Hamlin Robert P. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of experimental design and development in academic marketing since 1950.Design/methodology/approachThe paper does so by taking one experimental design, Latin Square, and describing its history and development within academic marketing in detail.FindingsThe Latin Square is a powerful experimental technique that first rose to prominence in agriculture in the 1920s and has remained a key tool in this discipline ever since. The technique was introduced into marketing in 1953, and enjoyed a period of great influence and popularity until 1973, when it abruptly disappeared from the publications of the discipline. Careful investigation of the research record of this period revealed that its demise was due to increasingly poor application method that led to compromised results, combined with an erroneous assignation of superior capabilities to full and fractional factorials that occurred at approximately the same time.Practical implicationsTwo major implications arise from these findings. First, the discipline has incorrectly retired a tool that is still unmatched in some key research situations. Second, the errors that led to the technique's demise led to the rise of other techniques that do not have the capabilities that many researchers appear to think they have.Originality/valueThis is the first longitudinal historical case study of a single research technique that has appeared in print in a major journal, and it reveals aspects of the discipline's approach to science that could not have been illustrated in any other way.
From Vienna to California: a journey across disciplines
Authors: Franchi Stefano , Güzeldere Güven , Minch Erich 
Published: March 2005

PurposeSeeks to promote an understanding of a multidisciplinary approach to artificial intelligence and the humanities.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on an interview with Heinz von Foerster.FindingsDescribes von Foerster's personal and intellectual journey which made him a transdisciplinary scientist and the founder and director of the Biological Computer Laboratory.Originality/valueProvides a better understanding in how the complexity of scientific practice should be reflected in an open and flexible attitude towards the objects of enquiry.
Artificial neural nets and BCL
Authors: Andrew Alex M. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeAttention is drawn to a principle of “significance feedback” in neural nets that was devised in the encouraging ambience of the Biological Computer Laboratory and is arguably fundamental to much of the subsequent practical application of artificial neural nets.Design/methodology/approachThe background against which the innovation was made is reviewed, as well as subsequent developments. It is emphasised that Heinz von Foerster and BCL made important contributions prior to their focus on second‐order cybernetics.FindingsThe version of “significance feedback” denoted by “backpropagation of error” has found numerous applications, but in a restricted field, and the relevance to biology is uncertain.Practical implicationsWays in which the principle might be extended are discussed, including attention to structural changes in networks, and extension of the field of application to include conceptual processing.Originality/valueThe original work was 40 years ago, but indications are given of questions that are still unanswered and avenues yet to be explored, some of them indicated by reference to intelligence as “fractal”.
Constructive memory
Authors: Riegler Alexander 
Published: March 2005

PurposeFrom the radical constructivist point of view the mainstream conception of memory as an encoding‐storage‐retrieval device is considered questionable. The paper aims at an alternative perspective on memory and its interaction with cognition.Design/methodology/approachThe argumentation is based on various experimental data such as cognitive problem‐solving, change blindness, and childhood amnesia. Theoretical insights of the radical constructivist epistemology developed by Heinz von Foerster and others contribute as well.FindingsDescribing memory as storage‐retrieval device separated from cognition is rejected. Rather, memory is the expression of a static snapshot of otherwise dynamical cognitive processes. As an embodied network of constructive components, the evolutionary evolved cognition‐memory compound is not geared toward reproducing “true” facts. Rather, its goal is to produce structure that maintains coherence with the rest of the network.Research limitations/implicationsMemory research should not judge recognition in terms of “correct” or “false” but rather reassess its performance in terms of the super‐ordinate cognitive faculty.Practical implicationsThe results imply that the role of memory should be reconsidered both in memory research as well as in practical areas such as psychotherapy and law.Originality/valueThe new characterization of memory rejects the narrow computational theory of mind. It provides a better account for memory distortion phenomena such as false recognition, intrusion, and confabulation.
A snapshot or a painting? Metaphors, myths, misuses and misunderstandings of marketing research information by journalists and other people who should know better
Authors: Rotfeld Herbert Jack 
Published: March 2005

PurposeIn US political reporting, the top story has become the public opinion polls that purport to state the voters’ evaluations of potential candidates, current office holders or the impact of current events. Many politicians, in turn, often develop their campaign positions in response to the polls. This discussion aims to address how year after year, despite increasing spending by news organizations to predict election results, the polls are repeatedly unable to predict election outcomes. Excuses are made, while the misuse and misunderstanding of marketing research spreads to other types of public organizations.Design/methodology/approachPoints out the contradictions between public opinion polling predictions of election results and actual events, with explanations of the usually unstated qualitative limitations to survey data.FindingsQualitative research bias could have a greater impact on outcomes than statistical margins of error, although it is only the latter that is reported or discussed by the news media.Practical implicationsThis abuse and misuse of marketing research lowers the credibility of all marketing research, and the people in marketing research, should speak out. The pollsters want to keep their methods as having a mystical value as they sell their research information to the public and other data users. At worst, this is a misleading selling of marketing insight to the public and research experts should start to speak out, encouraging journalists to report more properly the reality of public opinion polls.Originality/valueThe popular metaphor of public opinion polls has been to call them a “snapshot” of public views. This offers a more realistic metaphor of survey data, an impressionistic painting that is influenced by numerous researchers or respondent biases that cannot be controlled.
Major influence factors in children's consumer socialization
Authors: Dotson Michael J. , Hyatt Eva M. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to first provide an overview of children's spending power, media exposure, and identification with brand names in the usa along with an updated overview of the major findings in the consumer socialization literature, and to then provide an empirical explanation of how the consumer socialization process works with today's children.Design/methodology/approachBased on a survey administered to 663 children, a factor analysis was performed on items designed to measure young people's attitudes toward, and interaction with, the various consumer socialization agents and marketplace factors, including shopping and media usage behavior.FindingsFive major consumer socialization influence factors emerged: irrational social influence, importance of television, familial influence, shopping importance, and brand importance; and were used as dependent variables in subsequent analyses looking at the effects of a number of independent variables. Results indicate that the relative impacts of the various consumer socialization influence factors do vary according to the child's gender, age, amount of spending money available, amount of television viewing, and how he/she spends time after school.Originality/valueThese results are important to practitioners because they show that the traditional consumer socialization models may apply differently to children with different demographics and lifestyle characteristics.
Direct selling as the next channel
Authors: Duffy Dennis L. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe paper aims to describe the application of direct selling, the process of selling a consumer product or service from one person to another, in an environment that is not a permanent retail location.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the application of direct selling from the perspective of companies that have built their business around direct selling and those who are evolving into direct selling. The paper focuses the examination on three companies participating in the direct selling category: The Longaberger Company, The Pampered Chef and The Tupperware Corporation.FindingsThe paper finds that direct selling is an increasingly important component of the marketing mix for many traditional, successful companies and presents some keys to success.Originality/valueSuccessful direct selling companies in the future will help to maximize growth and optimize customer loyalty at all levels.