bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Inter-Rater and Inter-Trial Reliability of the NeurOptics Pupillary Light Response-3000 Pupillometer
Authors: Jehu Deborah A , Bolgla Lori A , Armas Samantha , Dutton Forest 
Published: February 2025

Background An automated pupillometer is a handheld device used to stimulate the pupillary light response (PLR) and track the entirety of the response from constriction to dilation. Pupillometers provide objective data that clinicians can use to identify and assess brain injury. The validity of these devices has been previously established; however, the inter-rater and inter-trial reliability are unknown. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the inter-rater and inter-trial reliability of the NeurOptics PLR-3000 pupillometer device in measuring pupil size changes, constriction velocities, and dilation velocities. The authors hypothesized that inter-rater and inter-trial reliability would have intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) greater than or equal to 0.70 for all PLR parameters. Study Design: Observational, reliability study Methods: Forty-eight healthy adults (age 18-40 years) without a history of neurological injury, optical surgery, or cognitive impairment participated. Two independent raters used the NeurOptics PLR-3000 to measure PLR parameters in the left and right eyes of each subject. Data for the average and individual trials of each PLR parameter were used to determine inter-rater and inter-trial reliability, respectively. Inter-rater and inter-trial reliability was evaluated using descriptive statistics, ICC, the standard error of measurement, Bland-Altman plots, and the minimal detectable change. Results Seven out of eight NeurOptics 3000-PLR parameters demonstrated moderate-to-excellent inter-rater (ICC range 0.72-0.96) and good-to-excellent inter-trial reliability (ICC range 0.76-0.98). The 75% recovery time parameter exhibited moderate inter-rater (ICC range 0.64-0.67) and poor-to-moderate inter-trial (ICC range 0.41-0.65) reliability. Conclusion The NeurOptics 3000-PLR demonstrated acceptable reliability in measuring initial and end pupil size, constriction and dilation velocity, and latency to change between different users and trials. However, the device exhibited unacceptable reliability when measuring the time to 75% pupil size recovery. The device can be used in detecting and monitoring brain injury but should be limited to reliable measures only.
Scapular Stabilization for Shoulder Pain: Putting the Cart Before the Horse?
Authors: Elder Alyssa , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: February 2025

Observational evaluation of arm elevation is a routine part of the examination of patients with shoulder pain and dysfunction. However, the interdependency of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints during arm elevation presents a challenge for clinicians when attempting to characterize movement impairments and underlying causes. Given that identification of movement impairments related to the scapulothoracic joint (i.e. scapular winging or excessive scapular elevation) are more easily observed compared to movement faults at the glenohumeral joint (i.e. superior or anterior translation of the humeral head) an inherent bias may exist in which clinicians prioritize movement impairments and associated physical impairments at the scapulothoracic joint in developing a treatment plan. Interpreting the cause(s) of abnormal scapulothoracic motion without considering the potential influence of the glenohumeral joint (and vice-versa) may lead to faulty clinical reasoning when developing a plan of care. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to highlight the potential impact of faulty glenohumeral joint mechanics as being contributory to scapulothoracic joint kinematics. We first review the normal kinematics and muscular actions associated with typical arm elevation and then discuss how impairments at the glenohumeral joint may be contributory to faulty scapulothoracic motion. Specifically, we address movement faults characterized by excessive motion of the scapula. Level of Evidence 5
Preseason Workload in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Tabaracci Bennett , Sudhir Shraddha , Gauthier Matthew , Hannigan Lindsay 
Published: February 2025

Background Upper extremity injuries are common in baseball spanning from youth through professional leagues, especially in preseason. Although there are some arbitrary guidelines for number of throws during practices and games, there is no current information on workload during preseason in baseball pitchers. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify the number of throws and workload, as defined by angular velocity, during preseason training in a collegiate baseball season. Study Design Descriptive Epidemiology Study Methods Nine baseball pitchers wore an inertial measurement unit on the forearm during all preseason training. Movements were captured at 100Hz and classified as a throw when the forearm velocity was greater than 800°/second. Peak angular velocity was exported for each throw and total workload was calculated as the median angular velocity multiplied by total throws for each day. Chronic workload was calculated as the rolling 28 days average workload and acute workload was calculated as the average seven-day workload. Acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR) was calculated for each week. A repeated measures ANOVA with pairwise comparisons was used to compare throws, acute workload, and ACWR between weeks. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated for all significant differences. Results The pitchers averaged 1990.6 ± 881.7 throws throughout preseason at an average angular velocity of 1686.2 ± 334.9 m/s. Acute workload was reduced in Week 4 compared to Week 2 (p=0.018, d=1.73) and week 3 (p=0.007, d =2.30). ACWR was above 1.27 on weeks 1,2,3, and 5. ACWR was significantly reduced in week 4 (0.79) compared to week 3 (1.50; p=0.021, d =0.71). Conclusion ACWR was above 1.27 for four of the six weeks of preseason, suggesting that there may be a need to reduce workload and progressively build during the preseason. Clinicians should consider monitoring workload during preseason throwing to decrease risk of chronic overuse injuries. Level of Evidence 2c
Are We Overlooking Anatomical Contributions to Dynamic Knee Valgus?
Authors: Dewald Matt , Andersen Madison , Higgins Laura , Porter Emma , Wickersham Alex 
Published: February 2025

Background Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) is widely considered a risk factor for injuries, despite contradictory research. Consequently, athletic performance and injury rehabilitation cueing has primarily focused on keeping the “knees out”. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess jump performance measures and anatomical contributions. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Methods Jump height, ground contact time, reactive strength index, and DKV was collected with the MyJump2 and Coach My Video apps. Static anatomical measurements were collected. Subjects completed nine jumps with each leg using the same set-up; performing three single leg six-inch depth jumps with their natural form, three depth jumps with external cuing towards increased DKV, and three depth jumps with cuing towards no DKV. ANOVA was used to compare jump data. Pearson Correlation Coefficients were used to assess relationships between DKV and anatomical measurements, jump height, ground contact time, and reactive strength index. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess inter-rater reliability of MyJump2 and Coach My Video measurements. Results 50 subjects (35 included) participated in this study. With a cued DKV jump, ground contact time had a moderate positive correlation with DKV measurements (r=.49, p<0.01), however, this was not the case with subjects’ natural jump and cued no DKV alignment jumps. Static anatomical measurements of static knee valgus and Q-angle had a weak positive correlation with DKV measurements for subjects’ natural jumps (r=.37, p<0.01 and r=.34, p=0.04, respectively). When DKV measurements were normalized to an anatomical measurement, no correlations existed with any of the performance measurements. There was very strong inter-rater reliability (ICC=.96-.99) of all the measurements. Conclusion Bony anatomical alignment should be considered alongside kinematics, as normalization controlled for the differences in DKV. Future research should normalize DKV measurements by bony anatomy when addressing DKV and jump performance. Level of Evidence 2c
Persamaan Gelombang Satu Dimensi dengan Menggunakan Metode Neural Network
Authors: Armawanto Fardika , Kurniawan Wawan , Handayani Diana Endah 
Published: February 2025

Abstrak. Persamaan gelombang yang berupa persamaan differesial parsial akan diselesaikan secara numerik menggunakan finite diference explicit dan Neural Network. Hasil dari penyelesaian secara numerik menggunakan finite diference explicit akan dilakukan uji stabilitas. Setelah didapatkan kondisi yang stabil maka hal tersebut dinyatakan valid. Sehinhgga, dari hasil finite diference explicit yang valid dapat di bandingkan dengan metode Neural Network. Sementara itu, keberhasilan Neural Network sangat tergantung pada besarnya epochs yang terjadi pada pemograman dan hasil tersebut dapat dievaluasi dari hasil train loss dan test loss.Kata kunci: persamaan gelombang, finite diference, Neural NetworkAbstract. The wave equation in the form of partial differential equation will be solved numerically using finite diference explicit and Neural Network. The results of the numerical solution using finite diference explicit will be tested for stability. After obtaining a stable condition, it is declared valid. Thus, the valid results of explicit finite diference can be compared with the Neural Network method. Meanwhile, the success of the Neural Network is highly dependent on the number of epochss that occur in the programming and these results can be evaluated from the results of train loss and test loss.Keywords: wave equation, finite diference, Neural Network
Machine Learning and the GR2M Model for Monthly Runoff Forecasting
Authors: Kaewthong Natapon , Kanplumjit Torlap , Kwanthong Naras , Sureeya Kritsana , Buathongkhue Chayanat 
Published: February 2025

This article presents the results of an analysis of monthly rainfall into monthly runoff using Machine Learning algorithms, including Multiple Linear Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, and Support Vector Machine, which were compared with the GR2M hydrologic model to identify the most suitable approach for rainfall-runoff analysis in watersheds in the lower southern region of Thailand. This region is characterized by its unique geographic location at the border between Thailand and Malaysia. It faces challenges due to uncertainty in rainfall data, measured only on the Thai side, leading to a lack of corresponding data from Malaysia. The analysis found that the Machine Learning Support Vector Machine algorithm consistently provided the most accurate results across all sub-basins. Sub-basin TU02 achieved an MAE of 2.63 mm/month, while sub-basin X.119A had an MAE of 68.10 mm/month, sub-basin X.184 had an MAE of 145.05 mm/month, and sub-basin X.274 had an MAE of 66.08 mm/month. This research demonstrated the utility of advanced algorithms in rainfall-runoff analysis for areas with partial or incomplete data coverage. The findings confirm that the Machine Learning Support Vector Machine algorithm outperformed the Hydrologic Model (GR2M) in terms of accuracy and reliability. Therefore, this study concludes that applying the Machine Learning Support Vector Machine algorithm is an optimal approach for runoff prediction in the southern region of Thailand and provides a framework for potential applications in other areas with similar data and geographic challenges. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-022 Full Text: PDF
Modern Roman Dominating Functions In Graphs
Authors: Ahamad Sherihatha , Cariaga Jerry Boy G. , Menchavez Sheila M. 
Published: February 2025

Let $G=(V(G), E(G))$ be any connected graph. A function $f:V(G) \to \{0,1,2,3\}$ is a modern Roman dominating function of $G$ if for each $v\in V(G)$ with $f(v)=0$, there exist $u,w \in N_G (v)$ such that $f(u)=2$ and $f(w)=3$; and for each $v\in V(G)$ with $f(v)=1$, there exists $u \in N_G (v)$ such that $f(u)=2$ or $f(w)=3$. The weight of a modern Roman dominating function $f$ of $G$ is the sum $\omega_G^{mR}(f)=\sum_{v\in V(G)}f(v)$ and its minimum weight is called the modern Roman domination number $\gamma_{mR}(G)$ of $G$. In this paper, we characterize graphs with smaller modern Roman domination number and obtain the $\gamma_{mR}(G)$ of some special graphs. Moreover, we investigate and characterize the modern Roman domination of the join and corona of graphs.
Para una lectura distante de Sábado, suplemento cultural
Authors: Gutiérrez Hibler Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo plantea desde la teoría de Franco Moretti (2013) una lectura distante dirigida al suplemento cultural Sábado, parte del periódico Unomásuno. A partir de un planteamiento teórico del mundo digital, concretamente el Big Data, se explica la importancia de profesionalizar estos nuevos procesos de las humanidades para diseñar nuevas interfaces que permitan darle un orden y visibilidad a los metadatos de los materiales hemerográficos. Para este objetivo se propusieron el uso de diferentes herramientas digitales, desde las más simples a las más complejas, pero desde un origen en los procesos que permiten la conceptualización de datos. Algunas de las herramientas son las tablas dinámicas de Excel, Voyant Tools y lenguaje de programación, por ejemplo, Python. El texto presente es un compilatorio de una primera etapa cuyo proyecto se encuentra actualmente en una segunda fase para proponer nuevas líneas de investigación con la ayuda de herramientas digitales.
A Rare Case Report: Spinal Metastasis of Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Authors: Gizem Kavak , Mehmet Ali Nahit Şendur , Dilek Kösehan , Ayşen Aydin , Mehmet Ferat Kiran , Yildiz Güney 
Published: February 2025

Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma is a very rare tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS). BRAFV600E mutation is a common mutation in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. We present a 52-year-old male patient who underwent total resection due to a temporal lobe mass. The primary tumor in the temporal lobe was given postoperative radiotherapy. During follow-up, genetically and histologically proven metastasis was detected in the paraspinal region. The adjuvant RT was given to metastasis after surgery. The patient, who used the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib after recurrence, is being monitored in remission.
Bridging the Digital Gap: A Quantitative Study on ICT Integration in Antiguan Secondary Schools
Authors: Donaldson Anthony S. , Jackman W. Marc 
Published: February 2025

In this article, specific quantitative findings from a mixed-methods study that examined the leadership strategies Antiguan school principals employed to integrate technology into the curriculum are examined. The goal was to provide a critical analysis of the impact of ICT integration in Antiguan Secondary Schools from the perspectives of teachers and students. This study was anchored by the International Standards for Technology in Education (ISTE), as well as the TPACK theoretical frameworks. In order to gather data about participants perceptions of the impact of integrating technology into the curriculum, online questionnaires were administered via Google Forms to educators (N=163) from nine secondary schools, as well as to students (N=256) in Forms 4 and 5. The quantitative data were then subjected to descriptive analyses, independent Samples T-Tests, and One-Way ANOVAs using SPSS 26. The quantitative data analyses highlighted findings that included significant T-Tests related to ICT training and perception of the value of technology among teachers, as well as positive correlations related to higher levels of principal’s involvement and support of ICT integration. To make ICT integration smoother, schools should invest in both pre-service and in-service training for teachers and principals. Additionally, having an up-to-date technology use policy can provide clear guidance for everyone.
PEMBERDAYAAN POKDARWIS MELALUI SMART TOURISM DAN MANAJEMEN USAHA DESA MADE, KECAMATAN KUDU, KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Ali Machrus , Muhlasin Muhlasin , Jatmiko Anang Rohmad , Alfian Riski , Agustina Devita , Zahwa Aila Vairus , Putra Ahmad Yusuf Adriyan 
Published: February 2025

Desa Made juga dikenal dengan desa sinden, karena banyak sinden tersohor lahir dari desa ini. Desa ini juga terkenal dengan wisata Sendang Made. Sendang made merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata yang tempatnya adem dan asri ini menyimpan cerita tutur tentang Raja Airlangga. Sendang Made menawarkan pemandangan alam yang menenangkan dengan air yang jernih dan lingkungan sekitar yang asri, dan belum terlalu komersial. Sehingga perlu untuk dikembangkan melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Metode pelaksanaan secara keseluruhan terdiri dari persiapan, pelaksanaan, monitoring, evaluasi indikator keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan program. Hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian ini berupa rancang bangun PLTS sebagai Energi alternative pengganti energi Listrik, Rancang bangun Smart Tourism menggunakan Internet of Things, Pelatihan dan pendampingan managemen bisnis, dan Pelatihan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) Pokdarwis. Dari kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan didapatkan bahwa, pelatihan dan pendampingan instalasi solar panel dan internet of things sangat bermanfaat bagi peserta, yang menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan ketrampilan manajemen bisnis dan perancangan SOP managemen pokdarwis yang sebelumnya hanya 63,1% meningkat menjadi 83,2%. Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman peserta rata-rata yang sebelumnya 43,3 % setelah pelatihan pemahamannya 81,3%; Unit usaha desawisata ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan dan perlu beberapa sentuhan pengetahuan dan teknologi untuk meningkatkan kinerja pengelola unit usaha ini.
رأي ابن الطيّب الفاسيّ ( ت 1170هـ ) فيما تركه ثعلبٌ من المصـادر
Authors: طارش داود وفاء , خير اللّه راهي مجيد 
Published: February 2025

إنَّ تشدد بعض اللّغويين في قبول لغات العرب قد أبعدَ كثيرا من الاستعمالات اللّغويّة الفصيحة والصحيحة عن دائرة الفصاحة عندهم ، كما فعلَ ثعلبٌ في كتابه ( الفصيح ) ، فقد اقتصَرَ على الاستعمال الأفصح أو الفصيح فقط ؛ لذلك فقد افتقرَ كتابه إلى كثير من المواد اللّغويّة التي ثبت استعمالها في كلام العرب ، فتتبع ابن الطيّب الفاسيّ في كتابه : ( موطّئة الفصيح لموطأة الفصيح )- شرح نظم ابن المرحّل – ما تركه ثعلب ، وقد أثبت فصاحته وصحّة استعماله في كلام العرب ، ومن ذلك تتبعه لما تركه من المصادر التي قد استعملت في كلام العرب ، كما سنبيّنه فيما يأتي :
A thematic analysis of Mandatory, Will and Freedom in Wuthering Heights
Authors: Mohammed Atta Salman Asst. Lect. 
Published: February 2025

The research includes a literary analysis of the novel Wuthering Heights by the English writer Emily Bronte, where the details and various human feelings, difficulties and conflicts that the characters went through. In this story, the author narrates in this novel, a mix of reality and imagination for the characters from the arrival of Heathcliff until his death in Wuthering Heights. The characters witnessed all the horrors, slavery and its suffering, as the novel presented to us the lives of the characters from childhood until adulthood and then death, since Heathcliff’s arrival from Liverpool and his relationship with Catherine and Hindley, then moving on to the events of the love relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine, and her decision to marry Edgar Linton to help Heathcliff to obtain freedom, as well as the lives of the characters of the second generation. This novel presents an extraordinary fate of Heathcliff and Catherine, who were in turn prisoners of an imperfect relationship between an adopted person and a girl from an aristocratic family. This study aims to analyze Emily Brontë's characters. The research deals with the different narrative stages in the novel. Which the writer used in narrating the novel. The research also focused on dealing with the phenomenon of mandatory, will, and freedom that Bronte dealt with, taking into account the opinions of Hegel and Sartre.
دور حوكمة الشركات في الحد من ظاهرة تسوق رأي المدقق الخارجي: دراسة ميدانية في مكاتب وشركات التدقيق العاملة في بيئة إقليم كوردستان
Authors: بيمان سعيد خليل م.م. , نوزاد خضر سعيد م.د. , دنيا حبيب أوديش م.م. , نارين إبراهيم مصطو م.د. 
Published: February 2025

يهدف البحث إلى بيان أثر حوكمة الشركات في الحد من ظاهرة تسوق رأي المدقق الخارجي في بيئة إقليم كوردستان، وبغرض تحقيق هدف البحث تم تبني فرضيتين رئيسيتن لاختبار العلاقة والتأثير بين متغيرات البحث، وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال الاسلوب الميداني لتجميع البيانات وعن طريق تحليل الانحدار البسيط وتحليل المسار وباستخدام برامج SPSS20 لبيانات (42) استمارة استبانة تم الحصول عليها من عينة البحث المكونة من مدققي الحسابات الخارجيين في مكاتب وشركات التدقيق العاملة في بيئة إقليم كوردستان؛ وذلك لاختبار فرضيات البحث. وتوصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج كان أبرزها: وجود علاقة ارتباط قوية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين حوكمة الشركات وظاهرة تسوق رأي المدقق الخارجي في بيئة إقليم كوردستان، كما أثبتت النتائج وجود تأثير ذي دلالة معنوية لحوكمة الشركات في الحد من ظاهرة تسوق رأي المدقق الخارجي. وقد قدم البحث عددا من المقترحات كانت أبرزها: ضرورة أن تقوم الجهات الإشرافية والمنظمة للمهنة بوضع قواعد وإجراءات متعلقة بمراقبة جودة التدقيق لمكاتب التدقيق العاملة في الإقليم للحد من ظاهرة تسوق رأي المدقق الخارجي، فضلاً عن وضع عقوبات صارمة على المكاتب المخالفة لتلك التشريعات والقوانين، وأن تكون هناك متابعة لتنفيذ تلك العقوبات من قبل الجمعية العلمية لمراقبي الحسابات في الإقليم.
الأبيقورية في الشعر الجاهلي
Authors: وسام محمد عبود الربيعي م.د 
Published: February 2025

ليس من شك في أنَّ عدم الإيمان بحياة ما بعد الموت سوف يؤدي إلى سلوكيات مغايرة لأسلوب حياة مَنْ يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر، وهذا التباين الفكري يؤدي إلى تقسيم الناس على شيع مختلفة، منها أتباع أبيقور الذي كان شغله الشاغل جمع شتات ثوب السعادة من أطرافه ونشر المحبة بينه وأتباعه الذين تتشاكل فلسفتهم وفلسفته التي لاتؤمن بالبعث وحياة ما بعد الموت؛ وتبعًا لذلك كان أبيقور في سعي دائم وراء كل ما يهبه الغبطة والحُبُور ويخلصه من الشجون والأوجاع.
وقد تناول البحث أوجه التشابه الملحوظ بين فلسفة لفيف من شعراء العصر الجاهلي والفلسفة الأبيقورية مركزًا على الإعراب عن مظاهر هذه الفلسفة في أشعارهم، التي تجلت في إعلاء شأن المرأة وجعلها أحد بواعث الابتهاج المعنوي والانتشاء الحسي التي لا غنى لهم عنها، وإجلال شأن المُدامة وجعلها سلمًا للسعادة والمتعة النفسية، وإفصاح بعض الشعراء عن دعائم حياتهم وأسباب تمسكهم بالحياة وحبهم البقاء على قيدها، التي تجلت في جعل الخمرة والمرأة والفتوة وقيادة الجيوش واسطة عقد مقومات حياتهم وزينتها, وقد عاش شعراء الفِكر الأبيقوري حياةً تهتم بإسعاد النفس في الوقت الحاضر ضاربين صفحا عن أتراح الماضي والخوف مما سينزل بساحتهم في قابل الأيام.
الأسس الفكرية للأديان الإبراهيمية في فهم النص الديني(النصارى أنموذجاً)
Authors: حسين محمد حسين م.م. 
Published: February 2025

أن بيان مفهوم الأسس الفكرية لها دليل على أن الديانة الإبراهيمية مصطلح غامض فضفاض ذو طابع ديني، كثُر استخدامه في السنوات الأخيرة، فقد جاء الحديث عن الإبراهيمية كدعوة لنبذ الخلافات بين أتباع الديانات السماوية الثلاث، والبحث عن المشتركات من أجل تجسيد قيم الأخوة والتسامح والتعايش، فعلم الأديان له وظيفة عملية ومقارنة الأديان الاربعة حيث تم تفصيل كل واحد منهم من حيث فهم النصوص المقدسة, وكان أولها أصل كلمة المسيح، وجاءت بعدها الصلاة، وكيفية الصيام، وأخيراً الصوم المفروض في أماكن العبادة (الكنائس).