bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index, weight loss and energy intake of old Danish nursing home residents and home‐care clients
Authors: Beck Anne Marie , Ovesen Lars 
Published: March 2003

Body mass index, weight loss and energy intake of old Danish nursing home residents and home‐care clients Low body mass index (BMI) and weight loss is common among old home‐care clients and nursing home residents in many countries – often in spite of an apparent sufficient intake of energy. The aim of this study was to assess whether a similar problem exists in Denmark. Information regarding height, body weight, BMI, and energy intake was collected. Besides this, 24 residents were weighed regularly during 1 year.The study was carried out in five nursing homes and two home‐care districts situated in the area of Copenhagen. A total of 180 residents and 200 clients 65+ years of age participated. Main outcome measures were prevalence of BMI < 20 kg/m2, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, acute weight loss and median energy intake.Thirty‐three and thirty per cent of the residents and clients had a BMI < 20 kg/m2 and, 22 and 12% had a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2. Of the residents, who were weighed regularly, 38% had a weight loss above 5%. The median intake of energy was equal to or above the estimated median energy requirement.Hence, the prevalence of low BMI and weight loss among old Danish nursing home residents and home‐care clients is high and similar to that found in other countries. There is a need for increased focus on nutritional state and risk factors in these settings.
Life experience of Taiwanese adolescents with cancer
Authors: Yeh Chao‐Hsing 
Published: March 2003

Life experiences of Taiwanese adolescents with cancer This grounded theory study aimed to develop a conceptual framework of the life experience of Taiwanese adolescents with cancer. Sixteen adolescents (nine males and seven females) with cancer at all stages of the illness (i.e. diagnosisthrough terminal stage) were interviewed. Data were collected through in‐depth interview with patients and primary caregiver, observations, medical chart reviews, nurses' notes, and researcher's reflexive journals. An unsettled state of mind emerged as the core category representing the life experience of adolescents with cancer. This multifaceted, dynamic process was elicited by the diagnosis of cancer or a change in clinical status. Five distinct subcategories of the life experience, in order of importance reported by participants emerged: physical and psychological, cognitive, social and future orientation aspects.
Indwelling catheter treatment and health‐related quality of life in men with prostate cancer in comparison with men with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Jakobsson Liselotte 
Published: March 2003

Indwelling catheter treatment and health‐related quality of life in men with prostate cancer in comparison with men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Experiences from indwelling urinary catheter treatment periods were studied. Little is known of what is felt from a male perspective although catheter treatment is a common pre‐ and postoperative measure for men with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Also studied were health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and sense of coherence (SOC). Men with catheter experience (prostate cancer n = 71, BPH n = 37) were selected from a larger questionnaire study. Assessment was made with study‐specific questions together with the QLQ C‐30 assessing HRQOL and the SOC questionnaire measuring sense of coherence. Data reduction method was applied to study specific variables to determine problem patterns. Correlation between HRQOL and SOC was determined. Results showed similar problem patterns in men with prostate cancer and BPH: discomfort in wearing catheter (e.g. uneasiness 48.2%), practical and psychosocial difficulties in handling and wearing catheter (e.g. attaching catheter 32.4%) and discomfort at installation (e.g. pain 29.7%). There was lack of knowledge about wearing and practical handling of the catheter. Having a cancer diagnosis did not add to uneasiness or practical problems. Life quality was correlated to SOC (p ≤ 0.001).
Identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in the common fig (Ficus carica L.) and representative species of the genus Ficus
Authors: Khadari B. , Hochu I. , Santoni S. , Kjellberg F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe developed microsatellites in fig (Ficus carica L.). A TC and TG‐enriched genomic library was screened, and after sequencing, primers were designed for 20 microsatellites. Eight primer pairs produced amplification products that were both interpretable and polymorphic in 14 fig cultivars and two French wild‐growing populations of F. carica (n1 = 9 and n2 = 10). Number of alleles per locus ranged from three to six. Except for one microsatellite locus, the observed heterozygosity was higher than the expected value. The F. carica microsatellites gave amplification products in 17 other Ficus species in 86% of the cases.
Novel molecular markers differentiate Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout and steelhead) and the O. clarki (cutthroat trout) subspecies
Authors: Ostberg C. O. , Rodriguez R. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA suite of 26 PCR‐based markers was developed that differentiates rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki). The markers also differentiated rainbow from other cutthroat trout subspecies (O. clarki), and several of the markers differentiated between cutthroat trout subspecies. This system has numerous positive attributes, including: nonlethal sampling, high species‐specificity and products that are easily identified and scored using agarose gel electrophoresis. The methodology described for developing the markers can be applied to virtually any system in which numerous markers are desired for identifying or differentiating species or subspecies.
Citrullus simple sequence repeats markers from sequence databases
Authors: Guerra‐Sanz J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPublically available cDNA sequence data of Citrullus lanatus were searched for simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Nineteen microsatellites were identified and primer pairs were designed to amplify those loci. Primers were evaluated for their ability to detect polymorphisms within a set of several watermelon varieties and local landraces, C. colocynthis, and interspecific hybrids. Eighteen polymorphic SSR loci were identified. These polymorphic loci can be used for varietal identification and other uses.
Development and use of simple sequence repeat SSR markers in Rubus species
Authors: Graham J. , Smith K. , Woodhead M. , Russell J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe isolation of polymorphic codominant microsatellite markers in Rubus and in particular red raspberry will provide a tool to investigate gene flow between cultivated and wild raspberries. Microsatellite loci were isolated by screening a PstI size selected genomic library with AC(13) and AG(13). Positive clones were sequenced and primer pairs designed to the sequences flanking identified SSRs. One primer of each pair was fluorescently labelled to facilitate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product identification on an automated DNA sequencer. We describe 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci developed and demonstrate their usefulness in different Rubus species.
Development of microsatellite markers in white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica)
Authors: Wu B. , Lian C. , Hogetsu T. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Betula platyphylla
var.
japonica is a typical pioneer tree species in the secondary succession in northern Japan. We describe the cloning and characterization of 13 polymorphic, codominant microsatellite loci isolated from this species. These polymorphic loci had 2–8 alleles per locus and a range of expected heterozygosities from 0.050 to 0.808.
A set of primers for amplification of mitochondrial DNA in Picea abies and other conifer species
Authors: Jeandroz S. , Bastien D. , Chandelier A. , Du Jardin P. , Favre J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThirteen primer pairs generating intraspecific length and/or presence‐absence polymorphism in Picea abies have been obtained from a P. abies mtDNA library, using different methodologies (agarose gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP), single‐strand conformation (SSCP). Poly‐morphism tests were extended successfully to other Picea species (P. omorika, P. engelmanii and P. glauca) and species belonging to other conifer genera (Abies alba, Larix laricina and Pinus pinaster). This set of PCR‐based mitochondrial markers can provide promising tools for studying phylogeography or phylogeny in P. abies and other conifer species in which the mt genome is generally the only one to be transmitted via the female gamete.
Isolation and characterization of 10 polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite markers for llama and guanaco
Authors: Bustamante A. V. , Maté M. L. , Zambelli A. , Vidal‐Rioja L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe isolated and characterized five polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite markers from llama (Lama glama) and five from guanaco (Lama guanicoe). All loci were assayed on wild llamas and guanacos from Argentina, as all of the primers were able to amplify in both species.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and some remarks on their isolation
Authors: Ji Y.‐J. , Zhang . D.‐X. , Hewitt G. M. , Kang L. , Li D.‐M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive polymorphic tri‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci suitable for population genetic analysis were identified in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera from two partial phagemid genomic libraries enriched for microsatellite inserts. The overall microsatellite‐cloning efficiency in H. armigera is 2.5%, which is approximately eightfold lower than that for the gadoid fishes (20%) employing the same enrichment protocol, supporting the notion of a relative low frequency of microsatellite sequences in lepidopteran genomes. In addition, a large proportion of cloned microsatellite sequences turned out to be repetitive DNA, thus further increasing the difficulty of developing such markers in butterflies and moths.
The body as art
Authors: Barker D J , Barker M J 
Published: March 2003

Summary For millennia people have altered the appearance of their bodies with cosmetics, jewellery, tattoos, piercings, and other surgical procedures. It would appear that they wish to conform to a perceived ‘ideal body’, although the actual appearance of such a body is subject to temporal, cultural and geographical change. In contemporary society the media are largely responsible for providing the yardsticks against which individual body shape is measured. Today the desired form is generally young, slim, tanned and blemish‐free. Sadly, dissatisfaction with body image can be the source of great unhappiness and may even lead to suicide.Interested scholars have debated the meaning of beauty for centuries but it seems that every human society has its own standards. At the simplest it would appear that youth and symmetry are the most highly prized ingredients. There is no doubt that those who fit the conventional standards of attractiveness are treated better by society. Individuals have an inalienable right to their own body appearance, and to alter it as they see fit, however such modifications may not always be in their own best interests. Practitioners of cosmetic procedures must be alert to clients with histories of weight fluctuation, unrealistic body image, or low self‐esteem. Psychological disorders may present with dysmorphophobic symptoms. Doctors providing cosmetic services need to be adept at diagnosing psychological illness.
Interdisciplinary health professional education in rural New Mexico: a 10 year experience
Authors: Geller Zina D. , Rhyne Robert L. , Clark Hansbarger L. , Borrego Matthew E. , VanLeit Betsy J. , Scaletti Joseph V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe New Mexico Rural Health Interdisciplinary Program was initiated in 1990 to meet the need for interdisciplinary health professional student training and to advance the recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural healthcare shortage areas. This paper describes the New Mexico programme, including its interdisciplinary problem‐based learning format and mechanisms for generating community involvement, and reports the evaluation findings and lessons learned from 10 years of programme experience. The New Mexico programme utilizes student‐centred, problem‐based learning (PBL) as an educational format and currently involves 12 healthcare disciplines in six communities throughout the state. Evaluation has focused on differences in student attitudes about and confidence in interdisciplinary and rural practice prior to and upon completion of the programme, as well as change in student expectations of consulting with other health professionals. A pre‐test/post‐test survey was used to assess change. The growth of the programme provides some evidence of its success. Results indicate a consistent change in attitude of participants towards greater confidence to work in rural settings and with interdisciplinary teams and an increased expectation to consult with other healthcare professionals. The lessons of this 10 year training experience include the compatibility of PBL to an interdisciplinary training model, the importance of scheduling to facilitate optimal participation, the need for a dedicated core faculty, the worth of informal as well as formal interdisciplinary student interaction, the need to cultivate community relationships and support and the challenge of programme evaluation.
Capturing expertise in the development of practice: methodology and approaches
Authors: Fessey Christine A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study employed two distinct methodologies: 18 months of participant observation whilst working as a nurse and invited observations of episodes of skilled behaviour followed by knowledge interviews using heuristic devices as mediating artefacts. Access to the ward and invitations to observe (with patient consent) were granted in return for free labour between episodes and whenever the ward was exceptionally busy. The ethnographic data was analysed using Strauss’s paradigm analysis; the resultant accounts of ward activities, culture and performance were checked by participants. Two forms of mediating artefact were used to facilitate knowledge elicitation interviews and the co‐construction with practitioners of representations of their expertise. The first was a small knowledge map linking scientific knowledge to nursing interventions and processes, sketched immediately after observation; this followed the format developed by Eraut. The second was a sequence of digital photographs taken during the episode itself, subject to immediate censorship by the patient. Post‐interview accounts of the episode, supplemented by revised maps and relevant photographs, were checked by the practitioner on the following day. The 52 accounts were then analysed according to type of task, degree of fluency, use of deliberation, nurse’s levels of experience, situational recognition and degree of guidance provided by anticipated outcomes. The dual methodology provides a unique perspective on factors affecting access to learning opportunities and the relationship between individuals learning and transactions within the context of everyday practice. Subsequent publications will further discuss the progressive development of nursing expertise, illustrating the following: the role of disposition towards learning of capable practitioners; whether learning was facilitated or constrained by the system of work allocation on the ward; learning and individual dispositions towards the constraints of context, and the role of historical camps, loyalties and allegiances in promoting domain traditions in nursing work.
Breeding success in a Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis [undulata] macqueenii population on the eastern fringe of the Jungar Basin, People’s Republic of China
Authors: Combreau O. , Qiao J. , Lawrence M. , Gao X. , Yao J. , Yang W. , Launay F. 
Published: March 2003

Nesting success and chick survival of a migratory population of Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis [undulata] macqueenii were studied during three consecutive years (1998–2000) in the Xinjiang province of north‐west China. A total of 45 nests was monitored and 85 broods comprising 227 chicks were captured, of which 82 chicks were radio‐tracked. Start of laying varied between 6 and 17 April between years but the laying mode fell consistently between 26 and 30 April. Mean clutch size was 4.0 (sd = 0.8) (range 2–6) for early clutches and 3.3 (sd = 1.1) for late clutches (range 2–5). The average nesting success was 0.588 (sd = 0.270) but great variations were observed between years –0.882 in 1998, 0.530 in 1999 and 0.351 in 2000. This was related to increased predation in 1999 and 2000, which is reflected by increased predator density (chiefly Corsac Fox Vulpes corsac and Long‐legged Buzzards Buteo rufinus). The overall hatchability, defined as the proportion of eggs hatched in successful nests was 0.839 sd = 0.238). The average brood size at hatching varied from 2.9 (sd = 0.8) to 3.3 (sd = 0.9) according to years, and no significant decrease in brood size was observed in the first 5 days post‐hatching. In 1999 and 2000 the brood size diminished sharply (14% and 27%, respectively) in prefledging chicks. A further severe decrease (37%) was observed in fledglings in 2000, probably due to predation by raptors. For the 3 years of the study, a successful female Houbara would bring on average 2.3 (sd = 0.9) chicks to fledging and would have lost 30.2% (sd = 14.9%) of its brood to adversity during the rearing process. The proportion of females that lost their entire brood was 0.181 in 1998, 0.708 in 1999 and 0.453 in 2000. For the 3 years of the study, only 55.3% (sd = 26.3%) of the females hatching eggs brought chicks to fledging. The overall chick production was 0.827 per breeding female per year and the probability of an egg laid producing a fledgling of 8 weeks old was 0.190.
Feeding ecology of wintering terns in Guinea‐Bissau
Authors: Brenninkmeijer Alex , Stienen Eric W. M. , Klaassen Marcel , Kersten Marcel 
Published: March 2003

We studied the feeding ecology of Little Terns Sterna albifrons, Sandwich Terns S. sandvicensis and Royal Terns S. maxima in the Archipélago dos Bijagós (11°40′N, 15°45′W) in Guinea‐Bissau (West Africa) during the winter of 1992/1993. More than 95% of all prey taken by these terns were roundfish, ranging in weight from 0.3 to 40 g. Birds usually fed alone, but sometimes they were observed feeding in mixed‐species flocks consisting of 15–200 individuals. Capture rate (n fish per hour foraging) in these flocks was higher than that of solitary birds. However, smaller fish were caught by birds foraging in flocks, so food intake rate (g/h) did not differ between solitary and flock‐feeding birds. The relationships between foraging behaviour of the three tern species and abiotic factors, such as time, tide and water clarity, have been investigated. Capture rate of Royal Terns increased with water clarity. For Little Terns and Sandwich Terns, food intake rate was lower in the most turbid waters compared to clearer waters. There was very little foraging activity during high tide. For Little Terns and Royal Terns, food intake rate was about twice as high during receding and low tides as during an incoming tide. Food intake rate averaged 8 g/h in Little Terns, 60 g/h in Sandwich Terns and 45 g/h in Royal Terns. With a rough model, we estimate the maximum rate of daily energy expenditure of terns wintering in the tropics at 3 × BMR (defined as energy expenditure of inactive bird at thermoneutrality in a post‐absorptive state during the resting phase of the daily cycle). From an energetic viewpoint, wintering Sandwich Terns in Guinea‐Bissau seem to have an easy living.
Taxonomic recommendations for British birds†
Authors: Knox Alan G. , Collinson Martin , Helbig Andreas J. , Parkin David T. , Sangster George 
Published: March 2003

These recommendations of the Taxonomic Sub‐committee of the BOU Records Committee will take effect immediately for the purposes of the British List. A paper outlining the approach of the Sub‐committee to species‐level decisions has recently been published (Helbig et al. 2002. Guidelines for assigning species rank. Ibis144: 518–525).
The constraint on habitat use in wing‐moulting Greylag Geese Anser anser caused by anti‐predator displacements
Authors: Kahlert Johnny 
Published: March 2003

During the flightless period of wing‐moult, terrestrial feeding waterbirds tend to forage close to water. Wing‐moulting Greylag Geese Anser anser feeding in a Danish saltmarsh were no exception to this pattern as none fed more than 175 m from the sea. An individual‐based stochastic model of goose feeding distribution derived from empirical data showed that requirements for drinking water could not explain the coastal feeding distribution as the model predicted that 57% of all goose observations would be more than 175 m from the sea. The availability of Common Saltmarsh Grass Puccinellia maritima, the preferred food item, could partly explain the exploitation pattern of geese but not the absence of geese from inland feeding areas. Furthermore, the results did not support the hypothesis that geese actively avoided inland feeding areas because of elevated costs from vigilance. The frequency of anti‐predator displacement to the sea was the most likely explanation of the feeding pattern. A model that included such displacements predicted that 99% of all geese would feed less than 175 m from the sea. As anti‐predator displacement put the most severe constraints on the feeding distribution, predation risk and level of disturbance were suggested to be the overall factors, which determine the choice of moult site in wing‐moulting geese.
Reliability of the Non‐Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer and its comparison with the Cochet–Bonnet aesthesiometer
Authors: Murphy Paul J. , Lawrenson John G. , Patel Sudi , Marshall John 
Published: March 2003

Summary Aims‐: To determine the repeatability of measurement of the corneal sensation threshold using the Non‐Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer (NCCA); to evaluate the effect of the air‐jet diameter and stimulus duration on the threshold; and to compare the sensation thresholds found with the NCCA and with the Cochet–Bonnet Aesthesiometer (C–BA), on the same group of normal, human subjects. Methods‐: For all experiments, only the central corneal sensation thresholds were measured. (1) NCCA Repeatability; 17 subjects tested at the same time on five separate days. (2) NCCA Air‐Jet Diameter; 15 subjects tested using four different air‐jets: 0.35, 0.5, 1 and 2 mm. (3) NCCA Stimulus Duration; 15 subjects tested using three stimulus durations: 0.5, 0.9 and 1.5 sec. (4) NCCA and C–BA; 43 subjects tested using each instrument in turn. Results‐: (1) No significant differences in mean sensation threshold were detected across the five days of testing, or between individual days. (2) 0.5 and 1 mm air‐jets produce least variability in mean sensation threshold. (3) No significant difference in mean sensation thresholds was found between the three test durations. (4) For each subject, there was no correlation between each instrument's mean sensation threshold. Conclusions‐: (1) The NCCA was able to assess the corneal sensation threshold in an accurate and repeatable manner. (2) The optimum test parameters were found using the 0.5 mm air‐jet, over a stimulus duration of 0.9 sec. (3) The C–BA has serious deficiencies in its design which limit its ability to accurately measure corneal sensitivity at low stimulus thresholds.