bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk in healthy community-dwelling Thai older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Asavamongkolkul Apichat , Adulkasem Nath , Chotiyarnwong Pojchong , Vanitcharoenkul Ekasame , Chandhanayingyong Chandhanarat , Laohaprasitiporn Panai , Soparat Krabkaew , Unnanuntana Aasis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Thailand has transitioned from an aging society to an aged society, which implies that the prevalence of age-related disorders will increase; however, epidemiological data specific to the prevalence of age-related degenerative musculoskeletal disorders among Thai older adults remain limited. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of age-related musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk among healthy community-dwelling Thai older adults. This cross-sectional nationwide study enrolled Thai adults aged ≥60 yr from 2 randomly selected provinces from each of the 6 regions of Thailand via stratified multistage sampling during March 2021 to August 2022. All enrolled participants were evaluated for BMD, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed. Osteoporosis was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization definition, and sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Falls risk was determined using the self-rated Fall Risk Questionnaire. A total of 2991 eligible participants were recruited. The mean age of participants was 69.2 ± 6.5 yr (range: 60–107), and 63.1% were female. The prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk was 29.7%, 18.1%, and 38.5%, respectively. Approximately one-fifth of subjects (19.1%) had at least 2 of 3 risk factors (ie, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk) for sustaining a fragility fracture, and 3.4% had all 3 risk factors. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed a high and increasing prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk in healthy community-dwelling Thai older adults. Since these conditions are all major risk factors for fragility fracture, modification of Thailand’s national health care policy is urgently needed to address the increasing prevalence of these conditions among healthy community-dwelling older adults living in Thailand.
Rotational femoral osteotomies and cam resection improve hip function and internal rotation for patients with anterior hip impingement and decreased femoral version
Authors: Lerch Till D , Meier Malin K , Hanke Markus. S , Boschung Adam , Schmaranzer Florian , Siebenrock Klaus A , Tannast Moritz , Steppacher Simon D 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients with reduced femoral version (FV) are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to assess (i) hip pain and range of motion, (ii) subjective satisfaction and (iii) subsequent surgeries of symptomatic patients who underwent rotational femoral osteotomies. A retrospective case series involving 18 patients (23 hips, 2014–2018) with anterior hip pain that underwent rotational femoral osteotomies for treatment of decreased FV was performed. The mean preoperative age was 25 ± 6 years (57% male), and all patients had decreased FV &lt; 10° and minimum 1-year follow-up (mean follow-up 2 ± 1 years). Surgical indication was the positive anterior impingement test, limited internal rotation (IR) in 90° of flexion (mean 10 ± 8°) and IR in extension (mean 24 ± 11°), anterosuperior chondrolabral damage in Magnet resonance (MR) arthrography, CT-based measurement of decreased FV (mean 5 ± 3°, Murphy method) and no osteoarthritis (Tönnis Grade 0). Most patients had intra- and extra-articular subspine FAI (patient-specific 3D impingement simulation). Subtrochanteric rotational femoral osteotomies to increase FV (correction 20 ± 4°) were combined with cam resection (78%) and surgical hip dislocation (91%). (i) The positive anterior impingement test decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) from pre- to postoperatively (100% to 9%). IR in 90° of flexion increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001, 10 ± 8° to 31 ± 10°). (ii) Subjective satisfaction increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) from pre- to postoperatively (33% 77%). The mean Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) from 14 ± 2 (8–15) points to 17 ± 1 (13–18, P &lt; 0.001) points. Most patients (85%) reported at follow-up that they would undergo surgery again. (iii) At follow-up, all 23 hips were preserved (no conversion to total hip arthroplasty). One hip (4%) underwent revision osteosynthesis. Proximal rotational femoral osteotomies combined with cam resection improve hip pain and IR in most FAI patients with decreased FV at short-term follow-up. Rotational femoral osteotomies to increase FV are safe and effective.
A novel grading system combining histological grade and CDKN2A homozygous and hemizygous deletion to predict prognosis in IDH-mutant astrocytoma
Authors: Xi Shaoyan , Huang Qitao , Zeng Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma with microvascular proliferation, necrosis, CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, or any combination of these features corresponds to World Health Organization grade 4 according to current criteria. However, the prognostic significance of CDKN2A hemizygous deletion in IDH-mutant astrocytoma is not well established. We undertook a comprehensive study that included assessments of histological and genetic approaches to prognosis for these tumors. Samples from a cohort of 114 patients with extended observation were subjected to histological review and molecular analysis. CDKN2A (9p21) deletion was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Overall survival (OS) was calculated via Kaplan-Meier estimation using the log-rank test. Histological grade, Ki-67 index, and the extent of surgical resection correlated with the OS of IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients. Both CDKN2A homozygous deletion and hemizygous deletion were detectable. Patients with CDKN2A homozygous-deletion tumors had the poorest OS; those with CDKN2A hemizygous-deletion tumors had an intermediate OS (p &lt; .001). We then established a novel grading system that combined CDKN2A homozygous and hemizygous deletions with histological grade; the combined grading system was an independent prognostic factor for IDH-mutant astrocytomas. We conclude that CDKN2A homozygous and hemizygous deletion should be combined in a grading system for IDH-mutant astrocytomas.
Nutrient resorption exacerbates nitrogen–phosphorus imbalances in plants under increasing nitrogen addition in a saline–alkaline grassland
Authors: Su Yuan , Wu Shuaikai , Hao Jie , Diao Huajie , Dong Kuanhu , Wang Changhui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Reabsorbing nutrients from senescent tissues before leaf falling has been recognized as a strategy to adapt to nutrient deficiency. However, how nutrient resorption modulates the nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P) balance inside plants remains unclear, especially under increased soil N availability. We examined the impacts of N addition at varying rates (0–32 g N m−2 yr−1) on nutrient resorption and the performance of nutrient resorption on controlling the internal N–P balance in the leaf and stem of a dominant grass species, Leymus secalinus, in a saline–alkaline grassland in northern China. After 6 years of N addition, N concentration and N:P ratio in green and senesced tissues (leaf and stem) rose with increasing N addition. The P concentration in green tissues decreased, but did not significantly change in senesced tissues with increasing N addition. The N resorption efficiency (NRE), P resorption efficiency (PRE), and NRE:PRE ratio significantly decreased along the N addition gradient. Moreover, we found more sensitive responses of N:P ratio in senesced tissues than in green tissues; such exacerbation of plant internal N–P imbalances mainly resulted from a disproportionate reduction in nutrient resorption, especially NRE. Overall, our study suggested that differences in NRE and PRE further exacerbated the internal N–P imbalances in plant litters.
Platform trial design for neurofibromatosis type 1, NF2-related schwannomatosis and non-NF2-related schwannomatosis: A potential model for rare diseases
Authors: Dhaenens Britt A E , Heimann Günter , Bakker Annette , Nievo Marco , Ferner Rosalie E , Evans D Gareth , Wolkenstein Pierre , Leubner Jonas , Potratz Cornelia , Carton Charlotte , Iloeje Uchenna , Kirk George , Blakeley Jaishri O , Plotkin Scott , Fisher Michael J , Kim AeRang , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Azizi Amedeo A , Widemann Brigitte C , Gross Andrea , Parke Tom , Legius Eric , Oostenbrink Rianne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Neurofibromatosis type 1, NF2-related schwannomatosis and non-NF2-related schwannomatosis (grouped under the abbreviation “NF”) are rare hereditary tumor predisposition syndromes. Due to the low prevalence, variability in the range, and severity of manifestations, as well as limited treatment options, these conditions require innovative trial designs to accelerate the development of new treatments.

Methods
Within European Patient-Centric Clinical Trial Platforms (EU-PEARL), we designed 2 platform-basket trials in NF. The trials were designed by a team of multidisciplinary NF experts and trial methodology experts.

Results
The trial will consist of an observational and a treatment period. The observational period will serve as a longitudinal natural history study. The platform trial design and randomization to a sequence of available interventions allow for the addition of interventions during the trial. If a drug does not meet the predetermined efficacy endpoint or reveals unacceptable toxicities, participants may stop treatment on that arm and re-enter the observational period, where they can be re-randomized to a different treatment arm if eligible. Intervention-specific eligibility criteria and endpoints are listed in intervention-specific-appendices, allowing the flexibility and adaptability needed for highly variable and rare conditions like NF.

Conclusions
These innovative platform-basket trials for NF may serve as a model for other rare diseases, as they will enhance the chance of identifying beneficial treatments through optimal learning from a small number of patients. The goal of these trials is to identify beneficial treatments for NF more rapidly and at a lower cost than traditional, single-agent clinical trials.
Paying for Parenthood: Understanding Parental Leave Policies in Infectious Disease Fellowship
Authors: Gardiner Catherine P , Desrochers Laura , Finn Kathleen , McDonald Furman , Melia Michael , Melfe Michael , Stead Wendy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Many physician trainees plan pregnancy during residency and fellowship. A study of internal medicine program directors (PDs) demonstrated frequent misinterpretation of American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) leave policies applied to parental leave. The primary aim was to investigate how infectious disease (ID) PDs interpret current ABIM leave policies.

Methods
We surveyed 155 ID PDs in an online anonymous questionnaire about knowledge of ABIM leave policies and application toward trainee leaves.

Results
Of 155 PDs, 56 (36%) responded to the survey. Nearly 70% incorrectly identified leave limits permitted. A majority mistakenly chose to extend training when a competent fellow was within the allowed duration of leave. PDs reported that the majority of ID trainee maternity/birth parent leaves (60%) were ≤7 weeks and only 7% were ≥12 weeks; 50% of paternity/nonbirth parent leaves were ≤3 weeks.

Conclusions
Surveyed ID fellowship PDs often misinterpret ABIM leave policies and apply policies incorrectly when given sample scenarios..
Introduction
Authors: Bloomfield Paul , Copp David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
What is moral realism? And why does it matter whether moral realism is true? These are the questions addressed in this chapter. The chapter also explains the organization of the volume. It begins, intuitively, with what we think is the basic idea that underlies moral realism, and with several considerations that motivate it. The fundamental thought, we think, can be expressed as a parity thesis – moral facts, properties, judgments, and truths have the same basic metaphysical status as other kinds, including physical, psychological, mathematical, and temporal ones, whatever other differences there are among them. We elaborate and articulate this basic idea. We conclude with a brief overview of the volume.
Histone Trimethylations and HDAC5 Regulate Spheroid Subpopulation and Differentiation Signaling of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Chang Ming-Min , Hong Yi-Kai , Hsu Chao-Kai , Harn Hans I-Chen , Huang Bu-Miin , Liu Ya-Hsin , Lu Fu-I , Hsueh Yuan-Yu , Lin Shau-Ping , Wu Chia-Ching 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have shown immense potential for regenerative medicine. Our previous work demonstrated that chitosan nano-deposited surfaces induce spheroid formation and differentiation of ASCs for treating sciatic nerve injuries. However, the underlying cell fate and differentiation mechanisms of ASC-derived spheroids remain unknown. Here, we investigate the epigenetic regulation and signaling coordination of these therapeutic spheroids. During spheroid formation, we observed significant increases in histone 3 trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), lysine 9 (H3K9me3), and lysine 27 (H3K27me3), accompanied by increased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities and decreased histone acetyltransferase activities. Additionally, HDAC5 translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, along with increased nuclear HDAC5 activities. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we analyzed the chitosan-induced ASC spheroids and discovered distinct cluster subpopulations, cell fate trajectories, differentiation traits, and signaling networks using the 10x Genomics platform, R studio/language, and the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool. Specific subpopulations were identified within the spheroids that corresponded to a transient reprogramming state (Cluster 6) and the endpoint cell state (Cluster 3). H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 were discovered as key epigenetic regulators by IPA to initiate stem cell differentiation in Cluster 6 cells, and confirmed by qPCR and their respective histone methyltransferase inhibitors: SNDX-5613 (a KMT2A inhibitor for H3K4me3) and SUVi (an SUV39H1 inhibitor for H3K9me3). Moreover, H3K9me3 and HDAC5 were involved in regulating downstream signaling and neuronal markers during differentiation in Cluster 3 cells. These findings emphasize the critical role of epigenetic regulation, particularly H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and HDAC5, in shaping stem cell fate and directing lineage-specific differentiation.
Are trajectories of self-rated health and physical working capacity during the retirement transition predicted by work-related factors and social class?
Authors: Eyjólfsdóttir Harpa S , Peristera Paraskevi , Agahi Neda , Fritzell Johan , Westerlund Hugo , Lennartsson Carin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We aimed to identify short and long-term trajectories of self-rated health (SRH) and physical working capacity during the retirement transition, and investigate whether work-related factors and social class predict belonging to these trajectories. We used the representative, biennial Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) 2006–2018. We applied group-based trajectory modeling with B-spline smoothers to model trajectories of SRH (n = 2,183) and physical working capacity (n = 2,152) during the retirement transition. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate trajectory belonging by work-related factors and social class. There was a small “honeymoon effect” in SRH for the total sample. We found four trajectories of SRH and five of physical working capacity. The large majority sustained excellent or good SRH and physical working capacity throughout the study period. Almost 6% had Fairly poor SRH and physical working capacity starting from years before retirement, which remained throughout the study period. High job demands, low job control, adverse physical working conditions, and being in manual occupation increased the likelihood of belonging to the trajectory groups Deteriorating or Fairly poor when compared with the Excellent trajectory group for both SRH and physical working capacity. Our findings suggest that for most people health status is already established some years’ preretirement and maintained for years after retirement, except a short improvement in SRH in accordance with a honeymoon effect. In order to improve health and employability, interventions focusing on working environment should be aimed at younger and midlife employees as well as older workers.
Overexpression of GmPAL Genes Enhances Soybean Resistance Against Heterodera glycines
Authors: Yang Xiaowen , Liu Ting , Yang Ruowei , Fan Haiyan , Liu Xiaoyu , Xuan Yuanhu , Wang Yuanyuan , Chen Lijie , Duan Yuxi , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2024

Soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode [SCN]) disease adversely affects the yield of soybean and leads to billions of dollars in losses every year. To control the disease, it is necessary to study the resistance genes of the plant and their mechanisms. Isoflavonoids are secondary metabolites of the phenylalanine pathway, and they are synthesized in soybean. They are essential in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we reported that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes GmPALs involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis, can positively regulate soybean resistance to SCN. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of GmPAL genes in the resistant cultivar Huipizhi (HPZ) heidou are strongly induced by SCN. PAL is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step of phenylpropanoid metabolism, and it responds to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we demonstrate that the resistance of soybeans against SCN is suppressed by PAL inhibitor l-α-(aminooxy)-β-phenylpropionic acid (L-AOPP) treatment. Overexpression of eight GmPAL genes caused diapause of nematodes in transgenic roots. In a petiole-feeding bioassay, we identified that two isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, could enhance resistance against SCN and suppress nematode development. This study thus reveals GmPAL-mediated resistance against SCN, information that has good application potential. The role of isoflavones in soybean resistance provides new information for the control of SCN. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Complete Genome Resource of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. leersiae Strain YXol-1 Isolated from Plateau japonica Rice in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: A Xinxiang , Mei Le , Yang Yayun , Tang Cuifeng , Zhang Feifei , Dong Chao , Wang Bin , Liu Pengcheng , Chen Xifeng , Ma Bojun , Dai Luyuan 
Published: January 2024

Xanthomonas oryzae are destructive phytopathogens in rice production and also an important model system for studying the interaction between plants and bacterial pathogens. Here, we report the isolation and complete genome sequence of the X. oryzae strain YXol-1. Through the identification of transcription activator-like effectors and whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis, we confirmed that YXol-1 belongs to a rarely reported type of X. oryzae pathovar named X. oryzae pv. leersiae ( Xol). The present work enriches the genetic resources of Xol for studying the evolution of X. oryzae strains and can contribute to a better understanding of Xol–host interaction. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Financial Performance of Accountable Care Organizations: A 5-Year National Empirical Analysis
Authors: Coyne Joseph , Gutman Roee , Ferraro Christopher , Muhlestein David 
Published: January 2024

Goals:
Of 513 accountable care organizations (ACOs) participating in the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) in 2020, 67% generated a positive shared savings of approximately $2.3 billion. This research aimed to examine their financial performance trends and drivers over time.

Methods:
The unit of analysis was the ACO in each year of the study period from 2016 to 2020. The dependent variable was the ACOs' total shared savings earned annually per beneficiary. The independent variables included ACO age, risk model, clinician staffing type, and provider type (hybrid, hospital-led, or physician-led). Covariates were the average risk score among beneficiaries, payer type, and calendar year. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) public use files (PUFs) and a commercial healthcare data aggregator were the data sources.

Results:
ACOs' earned shared savings grew annually by 35%, while the proportions of ACOs with positive shared savings grew by 21%. For 1-year increase in ACO age, an additional $0.57 of shared savings per beneficiary was observed. ACOs with two-sided risk contracting were associated with an average marginal increase of $109 in shared savings per beneficiary compared to ACOs with one-sided risk contracting. Primary care physicians were associated with the greatest increase in earned shared savings per beneficiary. In contrast, nurse practitioners/physician assistants/clinical nurse specialists were associated with a reduction in earned shared savings. Under a one-sided risk model, hospital-led ACOs were associated with $18 higher average shared savings earning per beneficiary compared to hybrid ACOs, while physician-led ACOs were associated with lower average saved shared earnings per beneficiary at –$2 compared to hybrid ACOs. Provider-type results were not statistically significant at the 5% nominal level. No statistically significant differences were observed between provider types under a two-sided risk model.

Practical Applications:
For all ACO provider types, building broader primary care provider networks was correlated with positive financial results. Future research should examine whether ACOs are conducting specific preventive screenings for cancer or monitoring conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, obesity, mental disorders, and joint disorders. Such studies may answer health policy and strategy questions about the effects of incentives for improved ACO performance in serving a healthier population.
Digital gangrene: can be the first manifestation of essential thrombocythemia? a case report
Authors: Mirhosseini Amirhossein , Bozorgmehr Ramin , Bastan Fatemeh , Rashidian Maryam 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and importance:Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare chronic myeloproliferative hematologic disorder, leading to an elevated platelet count. Two-thirds of patients are asymptomatic during their lifetime, while others may experience symptoms like redness, congestion, and erythromelalgia after long symptom-free intervals.Case presentation:The authors present a rare instance of a 55-year-old female who, despite receiving aspirin and losartan treatment, eventually developed digital gangrene. In further work-ups, she had an elevated platelet count and a positive JAK 2 mutation. Her platelet count was reduced throughout treatment with aspirin, hydroxyurea, and heparin, which was followed by the necrotic tip of her index finger being surgically debrided.Clinical discussion:Significant symptoms, such as severe acrocyanosis and even peripheral gangrene, can be treated with a single dose of aspirin. Daily aspirin consumption withstanding, this case developed the severe form of ET. In addition, while thrombocytosis predisposes patients to thrombotic complications in theory, there is little evidence to support a correlation between absolute platelet count and thrombosis.Conclusion:The initial symptom of ET could be such severe and uncommon that may develop arterial acral thrombosis despite previous daily low-dose aspirin consumption.