bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Test of Horizontal Drilling Plugs and Water Shutoff Technology in X Horizontal Gas Well
Authors: Wang Si-fan , Zhang An-kang , Hu Kai-Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the tight gas X horizontal gas well could not be put into production due to the accumulation of fluid in the wellbore during the drainage stage after fracturation, based on the geological understanding of water flowing from the far end of the reservoir, and the actual situation of staged fractured with drillable bridge plug, water blocking has become the exploration direction of potential excavation and resuming production. Through the analysis of the type, structure, setting principle and unsealing principle of drillable bridge plug, put forward the technical idea of horizontal drilling plugs and mechanical water plugging. And determine the treatment method of drilling-grinding and fishing large inner diameter bridge plugs, and design the construction process. Moreover combined with theoretical calculation, the relationship between the debris carrying velocity and displacement in horizontal wells, the size of the debris and the angle of inclination was optimized. Besides that, the milling method that uses a wellhead rotating device to drive the drill pipe and grinding shoes for drilling and grinding was proposed. In the field test, successfully drill to the third large inner diameter bridge plug position according to the design requirements. And successfully put in the fishable bridge plug to achieve mechanical water blocking. After commissioning, the daily gas production volume reached 11000 m3/d. The test results show that: 1) It is feasible to use the wellhead rotating drive drill pipe and grinding shoes to drill and remove the steel drillable bridge plugs in the horizontal section of the horizontal well; 2) It is also feasible to use the fishable bridge to plug in the horizontal section of the horizontal gas well with drillable bridge plug staged fractured, and the plugging effect is good. In summary, it is shown that this technology test achieves the purpose of potential excavation and resuming production of the X horizontal gas well, which has good reference value.
Wetting Behavior of CO2 Droplets on Smooth Solid Surface: Molecular Simulation Perspective
Authors: Cao Heng-guang , Cao Xue-wen , Zhao Xiang-yang , Ma Yong-qing , Dong Mei-qin , Li Hao , Bian Jiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The wettability of droplets on solid surfaces is important for accurately revealing the microscopic mechanisms of gas condensation nucleation and droplet growth. During the contact condensation of CO2 gas on the heat exchanger surface in the pressurized liquefied natural gas technology, the wettability of CO2 droplets on the heat exchanger surface directly affects the heat transfer thermal resistance of the heat exchanger, which then affects the heat transfer efficiency of methane and ethane in the heat exchanger. Therefore, molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the spreading process and wetting patterns of nanoscale CO2 droplets on different energy surfaces. The results show that as the potential well depth
ε
of the wall atoms increases, the intensity of the solid-liquid interaction increases and the corresponding surface energy increases accordingly, showing different droplet spreading rates and wetting characteristics. Unlike the interfacial characteristics of macroscopic droplets, there are significant fluctuations at the gas-liquid interface of droplets on the molecular scale, but microdroplets can still form a specific contact angle after spreading on different energy surfaces in a statistical sense, and this contact angle decreases with increasing intensity of solid-liquid interaction. The low-energy surface at potential well depths
ε
less than 266 J·mol-1 exhibits a CO2-phobicity, and the surface becomes CO2-philic as the potential well depth continues to increase. The trend of the contact angle of CO2 droplets affected by temperature is the same as that of the center-of-mass height, which characterizes the spreading morphology of CO2 droplets. As the temperature increases, the contact angle decreases due to the further spreading and wetting of droplets on different energy surfaces. As the CO2-philicity of the surface gets higher, the contact angle decreases to a greater extent.
Energy-load Matching and Shockwave Analysis of Electrical Explosion
Authors: Han Zhong-xing , Liu Ben , Guo Yan-bao , Wang De-guo , Lin Tao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Electrical explosion shockwave is a technique for inducing formation resonance by the interruption of formation pressure balance. By matching complex nonlinear influencing factors, this paper optimizes the engineering parameters and estimates the influence range of the shockwave. It achieves the objective of efficient shockwave acquisition and amplitude control. The test apparatus rapidly discharges the stored energy of various capacitance-voltage schemes, causing the load of various diameter-length structures to generate shaped shockwaves. By characterizing the discharge circuit and the shockwave signal, the energy and load matching was studied. Extraction of shockwave signal characteristics for decomposition and reconstruction analysis. The matching results indicate that the 10 MW loop oscillation is generated within 5 μs of discharge time, with the load diameter structure getting a major effect on the deposited energy. The 50 MPa shaped shockwave is generated in a 100 mm diameter region. And the peak pressure is influenced primarily by the load length structure and voltage scheme. The optimal load structure is D = 0.2 mm and L = 25 mm, controlling 2 to 5 times the input power’s enthalpy and increasing the voltage to create the shockwave more efficiently. The results of shockwave analysis indicate that the signal’s time-domain characteristics correspond precisely with its propagation path. The wavelet packet analysis indicates that the shockwave possesses a broad frequency and a high peak. The detection signal is composed of the principal shock wave, the radiation pressure wave, and the resonance error. The results provide theoretical basis for engineering application.
Research and Application of Intelligent Water Source Well Air Defense Pumping and Dry Burning Technology
Authors: Gao Bao-yuan , Li Zhao-hui , Zheng Wei-shi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The surface water injection technology for developing low permeability reservoirs comes from the water supply of water source wells. The groundwater resources in oil fields are limited, with high water consumption and a decrease in water level, lacking effective monitoring methods. In recent years, there have been frequent occurrences of unsafe waste of electrical energy due to dry burning during pumping in water source wells, which has seriously affected the normal water injection of oilfield formations. In order to prevent dry burning of water source wells by pumping air, research on intelligent air defense dry burning technology for water source wells has been carried out. The automatic pump stop alarm at low water level and the automatic pump start at high water level avoid the phenomenon of dry burning during pumping in the water source well, ensure the normal operation of the water source well, and ensure sufficient water injection from the source. Reduce employee labor intensity and achieve the goal of optimizing human resources. Associate the start and stop status of the water source well with the tank position of the water injection station to achieve automatic water distribution and inventory, achieve digital management and fine management, and achieve the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, which has promotion value.
Removal of Amphiphilic Polymer from Tertiary Oil Recovery Wastewater Using Insoluble Cyclodextrin Polymer
Authors: Li Yuan , Zhang Ruian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The wastewater produced by amphiphilic polymer flooding is seriously emulsified and difficult to treat. In recent years, insoluble β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers were widely employed in removal and utilization of organics with specific sizes and shapes. In this paper, a new type of host β -CD insoluble polymer (HCDP) was synthesized using β -CD with tetrafluoro-phthalonitrile (TFPN) as the crosslinker. A kind of guest amphiphilic polymer (GAP) was synthesized and the inclusion performance of HCDP to GAP was studied by viscosity method. Besides, The inclusion complexes of HCDP and GAP was regenerated using washing method and the inclusion capacity of the regenerated CDP was tested for five cycles. The results showed that GAP’ s apparent viscosity increased dramatically at about 800 mg/L and it showed linear relationship (R-square was 0.99902) with polymer concentration below 400mg/L, so GAP’ s concentration can be checked by viscosity method. HCDP can rapidly adsorb GAP in aqueous solutions and reach the adsorption equilibrium in about 20 minutes in the process of inclusion, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption amount of HCDP to GAP was about 150 mg/g. HCDP showed a strong recycling capacity. After five cycles of regeneration, the adsorption capacity did not significantly reduced, and the adsorption capacity remained above 140 mg/g. All the results prove that the new type of β-CD insoluble polymer can be used to encapsulate amphiphilic polymers in EOR wastewater, the study provides a new way for the resource utilization of amphiphilic polymers in EOR wastewater.
Study on Nozzle Structure of Hydraulic Jet Fracturing
Authors: Cai Meng , Cheng Xin-ying , Chen Xiu-hong , Zhu Chong-jia , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the process of hydraulic jet fracturing and perforation, fracturing fluid carrying sand is injected through annulus to fracture the pay zone. The numerical simulation analysis with the software of ANSYS-Fluent was applied aiming at the problem of low quality of fracturing fluid through the nozzle jet. By means of the analysis and comparison to some important structural parameters of the nozzle, the optimum jet quality through the nozzle was obtained. The research results showed. When the nozzle outlet diameter is from 4.5mm to 4.8mm; the length of the column is from 7mm to 12mm and the inlet radius of curvature is 9mm, the optimum jet quality of the nozzle can be obtained. The jet quality through the nozzle can be improved effectively through the analysis and optimization of the structure of the nozzle, which provides effective technical support for the hydraulic jet fracturing technology.
Failure Mechanism and Control Measures of Cu-CuSO4 Electrode in Saline Soil Environment
Authors: Li Chun-yu , Feng Xin-yuan , He Peng-cheng , Li Ben-quan , Li Chun-bao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Saline soil environment is widely distributed in western China, especially in Qaidam Basin. High salinity soil in Qaidam Basin has higher corrosion risk to metal pipelines. The Cu-CuSO4 electrode is used as the long-term reference electrode in the cathodic protection system of oil and gas pipeline. In saline soil environment, the Cu-CuSO4 reference electrode generally has a problem of excessive drift, which seriously affects the normal operation of cathodic protection system. The failure mechanism of the Cu-CuSO4 reference electrode in saline soil environment was demonstrated: soil ion pollution and drain drying caused potential drift. In view of the main factors affecting Cu-CuSO4 reference electrode drift in saline soil environment, measures such as adding packing material and setting up maintenance device were developed, and the field application effect was good. It provides a technical idea for prolonging the life of cathodic protection system in saline soil environment.
Research on Refracturing Technology of Ultra-low Permeability Fractured Oilfield
Authors: Li Ming-guo , Xuan Gao-liang , Han Wei , Zhang Hong-ni , Duan Mei-heng , Zhou Xue-ping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The development of ultra-low permeability reservoir in Daqingzi area, Qian an. With a long period of mining, the number of refractured wells is increasing year by year, but there is no benefit after fracturing. There is an urgent need for low-cost fracturing techniques to make refracturing more cost-effective. In this paper, on the basis of fully understanding reservoir physical properties, in-depth analysis of the major problems facing the refracturing of Daqingzi oilfield, and analysis of refracturing potential. Through field experiment, post-frac analysis and effect evaluation, the refracturing technology route suitable for this area is gradually explored. In this field experiment, the problem of underinjection was solved through the analysis and targeted transformation of injection wells. The average daily injection capacity of a single well was increased, injection pressure was reduced, the formation pressure of surrounding producing wells was restored to the original formation pressure, and the refracturing time of producing wells was reached, and the individual refracturing design of producing wells was carried out. In addition, post-frac analysis and effect evaluation were carried out. The results show that the injection-production relationship of the well group is improved obviously after the measures, the effect of increasing fluid and oil is remarkable, and the average fracturing cost per well is reduced. The new technology of holistic fracturing of injection and producing wells centered on injection well is defined. It provides technical support for increasing production and controlling cost of ultra-low permeability reservoir.
Multi-service access selection algorithm in 5G heterogeneous network
Authors: Wu Xiaoxin , Feng Chenwei , Zhong Zhenzhe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As advancements occur in new wireless communication technology, varieties of network forms coexist and integrate, gradually forming a heterogeneous wireless network environment covered by various wireless networks simultaneously. Owing to disparities in wireless access technologies, network selection needs to consider various factors. Therefore, this paper proposes an access selection scheme using Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM). Considering the diversity of user services, each attribute’s subjective and objective weight is respectively calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Standard Deviation (SD) for network service quality, user preference, and available load. Combined with utility functions, the synthetic assessments of evaluated networks are obtained. The results of the simulation indicate that the algorithm combines user preference and service characteristics to effectively select the appropriate access network. At the same time, load balancing is realized to some extent.
A Zero-trust Access Control Scheme Based on CPABE
Authors: Wu Kehe , Jiang Xiaochen , Zhang Jiyu , Zhu Yajing , Zhou Yandong , Wu Jiao , Li Shu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The introduction of new power terminals has improved the efficiency of the new power system, but it has also brought new risks. It is important to research ways to prevent cloud resources from unauthorized access by these terminals. To address this issue, an access control scheme was proposed based on Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CPABE) technology, which can encrypt cloud resource information and make access control fine-grained. We also combine the SM9 algorithm to reduce the key management burden of traditional CPABE technology and introduce a zero-trust mechanism to provide a higher level of security protection for the subsequent access control process of the terminal. Additionally, we prove the correctness and analysis of the attack, which can be resisted by the proposed scheme, demonstrating its feasibility and security. Finally, a comparison was made between our scheme and other CPABE schemes. Our scheme is proven to perform better in performance.
Estimation of combinatoric background in seaquest using an event-mixing method
Authors: Pate S.F. , Pun A. , Hossain M.F. , Nagai K. , Aidala C.A. , Ayuso C. , El Fassi L. , Geesaman D.F. , Hague T.J. , Kinney E.R. , Lorenzon W. , Nakano K. , Reimer P.E. , Scott M.B.C. , Towell R.S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
All experiments observing dilepton pairs (e.g. e
+
e
-,
μ
+
μ
-) must confront the existence of a combinatoric
background caused by the combining of tracks not arising from the
same physics vertex. Some method must be devised to calculate and
remove this background. In this document we describe a particular
event-mixing method relying on many of the unique aspects of the
SeaQuest spectrometer and data. The method described here
calculates the combinatoric background with correct normalization;
i.e., there is no need to assign a floating normalization factor
that is then determined in a subsequent fitting procedure. Numerous
tests are applied to demonstrate the reliability of the method.
Kohn–Sham computation and the bivariate view of density functional theory
Authors: Lammert Paul E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Informed by an abstraction of Kohn–Sham (KS) computation called a KS machine, a functional analytic perspective is developed on mathematical aspects of density functional theory. A natural semantics for the machine is bivariate, consisting of a sequence of potentials paired with a ground density. Although the question of when the KS machine can converge to a solution (where the potential component matches a designated target) is not resolved here, a number of related ones are. For instance: can the machine progress toward a solution? Barring presumably exceptional circumstances, yes in an energetic sense, but using a potential-mixing scheme rather than the usual density-mixing variety. Are energetic and function space distance notions of proximity-to-solution commensurate? Yes, to a significant degree. If the potential components of a sequence of ground pairs converges to a target density, do the density components cluster on ground densities thereof? Yes, barring particle number drifting to infinity.
Breccia for Diversion Tunnel Construction at Bener DAM in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia: Fragments, Matrix, RMR
Authors: Triristanto E R , Husein S , Alfarobi M Y Y 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to explain the detailed engineering geology investigation which has breccia geological units on Diversion Tunnel at Bener Dam, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province. The investigation includes geological conditions both breccia fragment and matrix, to Rock Mass Rating (RMR) values each unit. The data were taken from face mapping tunnel with interval 10 meters at inlet 1-390 and 841-865 meters. The findings showed that geological engineering units consisted of Monomict Breccia. The geological units can be divided into geological engineering; Monomict Breccia Matrix (RMR 72-92), Polymict Breccia Matrix (RMR 82), Andesite Fragmen (RMR 52-62), and Tuff Fragmen (RMR 79-84). The discovery of Andesite and Tuff Fragments needs to be handled differently than Monomict Breccia or Polymict Breccia. Andesite Fragment unit with discontinuity of sheeting joint requires rock bolt reinforcement to be installed perpendicular to the discontinuity plane. While the dominant unit is the Tuff Fragment which has a UCS value of 5-7 MPa, it is not recommended to use the blasting excavation method even though it has an RMR value of 79-84.
Empirical Approach For Preliminary Support and Excavation Method Design Based On Engineering Geological Study Of Mbay Dam Diversion Tunnel
Authors: Purba D W E , Amijaya D H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents excavation methods and support systems in the diversion tunnel of the Mbay Dam, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, based on rock mass quality ratings. The rock mass quality was classified through geological surveys, core drilling evaluations, and laboratory tests. The results showed that the lithology along the tunnel alignment was pyroclastic breccia. Using the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) classification system, which was the single classification at the time of designing the Mbay Dam Diversion Tunnel, the pyroclastic breccia rock mass was classified III and IV (fair and poor). Meanwhile, according to the Q-System classification, the second classification used, pyroclastic breccias were also classified as fair and poor. Therefore, according to the RMR classification, the recommended excavation methods were top heading and bench. Support systems suitable for rock mass quality in the Mbay Dam diversion tunnel were rock bolt, wire mesh, shotcrete, and steel sets, with different variations and types depending on the rock mass class and classification used.
Greenhouse Gasses Emission from Coal Mining Operation in North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Lusantono O W , Anggara F , Amijaya D H , Kusumaningsih D A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Greenhouse gasses (GHG) are gases that could trap heat in the atmosphere and mainly made up of carbon dioxide (CO¬2¬) and methane (CH4). Coal is still one of the primary energy sources in several countries such as South Africa (71%), China (57%), Australia (30%), and Indonesia (44%). Therefore, coal mining operation is indicated as one of the biggest GHG contributor in the world. However, coal as commodity also indicated emitting GHG emission sequentially but its pathways are still debatable. GHG emission from coal mainly stated as an emission factor on both CO2 and CH4 because of coal combustion and/or existing gas in the coal bearing strata. The study of GHG emission or so-called Carbon Emission has been done based on several regions, coal rank, and condition. This study focuses on identify and projecting the GHG emission based on coal mining operation plan in North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. This study aims to identify and adds more broader perspective about GHG emission from coal mining. The GHG emission estimation is based form Tier 1 IPCC Calculation method and estimated from a different scenario of production along the year. The GHG emission in this study estimated from fuel combustion and fugitive emission. The total emission estimated from this study was 1.31 × 10-02 kg CO2eq / kg coal.
Rock Mass Classification for Support System Design and Stand-up Time of Asahan 3 Hydroelectric Power Plant Tunnel (STA 7+085 - STA 7+717)
Authors: Rochmadi A , Karnawati D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This Engineering geology research on rock mass classification to determine the support system’s design and stand-up time at the Asahan 3 hydroelectric tunnel STA 7+085 – STA 7+717 has not been thoroughly carried out in detail. This study aims to estimate the support requirements. Rock mass classification is determined through core drill observations and then analyzed by Q-system and RMR methods. The results show that the rock mass at the tunnel depth elevation consists of sandstone with good quality based on RMR and Q-system. Based on the Q system classification, good quality sandstone is obtained. Based on RMR, the suggested support system is shotcrete in the crown and rockbolt. Meanwhile, a rock bolt is the appropriate support system based on the Q-system. The use of an RMR based support system is recommended because it provides a higher level of security with the addition of shotcrete. The tunnel stand-up time is 2,200 - 2,700 hours based on RMR. The result of this research is expected to be applied in other tunnel construction having similar engineering geological condition.