bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial earnings inequality
Authors: Schluter Christian , Trede Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarnings inequality in Germany has increased dramatically. Measuring inequality locally at the level of cities annually since 1985, we find that behind this development is the rapidly worsening inequality in the largest cities, driven by increasing earnings polarisation. In the cross-section, local earnings inequality rises substantially in city size, and this city-size inequality penalty has increased steadily since 1985, reaching an elasticity of .2 in 2010. Inequality decompositions reveal that overall earnings inequality is almost fully explained by the within-locations component, which in turn is driven by the largest cities. The worsening inequality in the largest cities is amplified by their greater population weight. Examining the local earnings distributions directly reveals that this is due to increasing earnings polarisation that is strongest in the largest places. Both upper and lower distributional tails become heavier over time, and are the heaviest in the largest cities. We establish these results using a large and spatially representative administrative data set, and address the top-coding problem in these data using a parametric distribution approach that outperforms standard imputations.
The TES-based Cryogenic AntiCoincidence Detector (CryoAC) of ATHENA X-IFU: A Large Area Silicon Microcalorimeter for Background Particles Detection
Authors: D’Andrea M. , Macculi C. , Lotti S. , Piro L. , Argan A. , Minervini G. , Torrioli G. , Chiarello F. , Ferrari Barusso L. , Celasco E. , Gallucci G. , Gatti F. , Grosso D. , Rigano M. , Brienza D. , Cavazzuti E. , Volpe A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe are developing the Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector (CryoAC) of the ATHENA X-IFU spectrometer. It is a TES-based particle detector aimed to reduce the background of the instrument. Here, we present the result obtained with the last CryoAC single-pixel prototype. It is based on a 1 cm2 silicon absorber sensed by a single 2 mm × 1 mm Ir/Au TES, featuring an on-chip heater for calibration and diagnostic purposes. We have illuminated the sample with 55Fe (6 keV line) and 241Am (60 keV line) radioactive sources, thus studying the detector response and the heater calibration accuracy at low energy. Furthermore, we have operated the sample in combination with a past-generation CryoAC prototype. Here, by analyzing the coincident detections between the two detectors, we have been able to characterize the background spectrum of the laboratory environment and disentangle the primary (i.e. cosmic muons) and secondaries (mostly secondary photons and electrons) signatures in the spectral shape.
Craniometric variation and taxonomic boundaries in the Madras Treeshrew (Scandentia, Tupaiidae: Anathana ellioti [Waterhouse, 1850]) from India
Authors: Juman Maya M. , Olson Link E. , Sargis Eric J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Madras Treeshrew, Anathana ellioti (Waterhouse, 1850), is a small, poorly studied mammal from South Asia. It is the only treeshrew found across the southern half of the Indian subcontinent and is the westernmost member of its order (Scandentia). The phylogenetic relationship between Anathana and its putative sister genus, Tupaia, remains unresolved, and the morphological differences between these two genera have yet to be analyzed with craniometric data. Here we describe some features that distinguish Anathana from other treeshrews. However, our comparative morphometric analyses reveal that Anathana overlaps with Tupaia in morphospace; it is smaller than most species (including the only other species found on the Indian mainland, T. belangeri) but larger than T. minor, Dendrogale melanura, and Ptilocercus lowii. At the infraspecific level, there is some separation between eastern and western populations, but this requires further investigation with larger sample sizes. Unfortunately, Anathana is disproportionately scarce in museum collections relative to other scandentians, and additional biological surveys across South India will be critical for future research on the taxonomy, distribution, and conservation of this elusive taxon.
Macrophages regulate healing-associated fibroblasts in diabetic wound
Authors: Xiao Yu , Qian Jieqi , Deng Xiaohui , Zhang Huifeng , Wang Jiancheng , Luo Zhijun , Zhu Lingyan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Recovery from a foot ulcer is compromised in a diabetic status, due to the impaired tissue microenvironment that consists of altered inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Phenotypic alterations in both macrophages and fibroblasts have been detected in the diabetic wound. Recently, a fibroblast subpopulation that expresses high matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP3, MMP11 and Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) was associated with a successful diabetic wound healing. However, it is not known whether these healing-associated fibroblasts are regulated by macrophages.

Methods and Results
We used bioinformatic tools to analyze selected public databases on normal and diabetic skin from patients, and identified genes significantly altered in diabetes. In a mouse model for diabetic wound healing, we detected not only a loss of the spatiotemporal changes in interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, IL10 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in wound macrophages, but also a compromised expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, CHI3L1 and VEGF-A in healing-associated wound fibroblasts in a diabetic status. Co-culture with diabetic macrophages significantly reduced the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, CHI3L1 and VEGF-A in fibroblasts from non-diabetic wound. Co-culture with non-diabetic macrophages or diabetic macrophages supplied with IL6 significantly increased the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, CHI3L1 and VEGF-A in fibroblasts from diabetic wound. Moreover, macrophage-specific expression of IL6 significantly improved wound healing and angiogenesis in diabetic mice.

Conclusions
Macrophages may induce the activation of wound-healing-associated fibroblasts, while the defective macrophages in diabetes may be corrected with IL6 treatment as a promising therapy for diabetic foot disease.
NUNI-Waste: novel semi-supervised semantic segmentation waste classification with non-uniform data augmentation
Authors: Qi Jianchun , Nguyen Minh , Yan Wei Qi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWaste categorization and recycling are critical approaches for converting waste into valuable and functional materials, thereby significantly aiding in land preservation, reducing pollution, and optimizing resource usages. However, real-world classification and identification of recyclable waste face substantial hurdles due to the intricate and unpredictable nature of wastes, as well as the limited availability of comprehensive waste datasets. These factors limit efficacy of the existing research work in the domain of waste management. In this paper, we utilize semantic segmentation at individual pixel level and introduce a semi-supervised metod for authentic waste classification scenarios, leveraging the Zerowaste dataset. We devise a non-standard data augmentation strategy that mimics the ever-changing conditions of real-world waste environments. Additionally, we introduce an adaptive weighted loss function and dynamically adjust the ratio of positive to negative samples through a masking method, ensuring the model learns from relevant samples. Lastly, to maintain consistency between predictions made on data-augmented images and the original counterparts, we remove input perturbations. Our method proves to be effective, as verified by an array of standard experiments and ablation studies, achieved an accuracy improvement of 3.74% over the baseline Zerowaste method.
Type-shifting in headless relative clauses
Authors: Little Carol Rose , AnderBois Scott , Coon Jessica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch on the (in)definiteness of bare nouns has developed various proposals regarding which type-shifters exist in human language and which principles are needed to govern their distribution (Carlson 1977; Partee 1987; Chierchia 1998; Dayal 2004; i.a.). At the same time, literature on headless relative clauses (HRCs), primarily focusing on free relatives (FRs) in Indo-European languages, has also developed type-shifting principles (Jacobson 1995; Caponigro 2003, 2004). The type-shifting principles from the FR literature, however, are fundamentally different than those found in proposals for bare nouns. Here, we present case studies from two Mayan languages which diverge from one another in the behavior of bare nouns, and which possess several different kinds of headless relative clauses. We show that “super-free relative clauses” (Caponigro et al. 2021; Caponigro 2022), which lack a wh-word, pattern in ways parallel to bare nouns in the respective languages. We also demonstrate that HRCs headed by a wh-word—i.e., FRs—diverge from bare nouns; they pattern similarly to one another across the languages under investigation, and in ways similar to what has been reported for FRs crosslinguistically. We provide evidence that there is a dedicated FR type-shifter (FR-ι) used as a post-syntactic mechanism to repair a type-mismatch at the CP level, building on work by Caponigro (2004). Our novel contribution is that this type-shifter is available regardless of the presence or absence of other type-shifters in a language. This paper adds new data to our understanding of the range and applicability of different definiteness-related type-shifters as well as captures certain typological tendencies regarding HRCs.
Error analysis of the exponential wave integrator sine pseudo-spectral method for the higher-order Boussinesq equation
Authors: Canak Melih Cem , Muslu Gulcin M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a new exponential wave integrator sine pseudo-spectral (EWI-SP) method for the higher-order Boussinesq equation involving the higher-order effects of dispersion. The method is fully-explicit and it has fourth order accuracy in time and spectral accuracy in space. We rigorously carry out error analysis and establish error bounds in the Sobolev spaces. The performance of the EWI-SP method is illustrated by examining the long-time evolution of the single solitary wave, single wave splitting, and head-on collision of solitary waves. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
Nonparametric estimation of allocative efficiency using indirect production theory: Application to container ports in Norway
Authors: Rødseth Kenneth Løvold , Holmen Rasmus Bøgh , Kuosmanen Timo , Schøyen Halvor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdaption to prices is an important feature of productivity development. This paper proposes an extension of the StoNED model to accommodate estimation of allocative efficiency. It demonstrates how indirect production theory is suited for assessing allocative efficiency and helps alleviating the curse of dimensionality for stochastic nonparametric estimators compared to conventional measures of allocative efficiency. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on the appropriate cost of capital for the estimation of allocative efficiency. The proposed model framework is utilized to study allocative efficiency of Norwegian container ports, thereby adding to the literature on seaport terminal efficiency studies.
Life’s Essential 8 in relation to self-rated health and health-related quality of life in a large population-based sample: the SCAPIS project
Authors: Herraiz-Adillo Ángel , Ahlqvist Viktor H. , Daka Bledar , Wångdahl Josefin , Wennberg Patrik , Carlsson Jakob , Higueras-Fresnillo Sara , Lenander Cecilia , Östgren Carl Johan , Berglind Daniel , Rådholm Karin , Henriksson Pontus 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To monitor cardiovascular health, in 2022, the American Heart Association (AHA) updated the construct “Life’s Simple 7” (LS7) to “Life’s Essential 8” (LE8). This study aims to analyze the associations and capacity of discrimination of LE8 and LS7 in relation to self-rated health (SRH) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
This study from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) included 28 731 Swedish participants, aged 50–64 years. Three different scores were derived from the SF-12 questionnaire: 1-item question SRH (“In general, would you say your health is …?”), mental-HRQoL and physical-HRQoL. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and ROC analysis were used to study the associations between the AHA scores in relation to SRH and HRQoL.

Results
Compared to those with a LE8 score of 80, participants with a LE8 score of 40 were 14.8 times more likely to report poor SRH (OR: 14.8, 95% CI: 13.0–17.0), after adjustments. Moreover, they were more likely to report a poor mental-HRQoL (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 4.2–5.6) and a poor physical-HRQoL (OR: 8.0, 95% CI: 7.0–9.3). Area under curves for discriminating poor SRH were 0.696 (95% CI: 0.687–0.704), 0.666 (95% CI: 0.657–0.674), and 0.643 (95% CI: 0.634–0.651) for LE8, LS7 (0–14), and LS7 (0–7), respectively, all p values < 0.001 in the DeLong’s tests.

Conclusion
LE8 and LS7 had strong and inverse associations with SRH, mental-HRQoL, and physical-HRQoL, though LE8 had a somewhat higher capacity of discrimination than LS7. The novel LE8, a construct initially conceived to monitor cardiovascular health, also conveys SRH and HRQoL.
One more piece of the family firm debt puzzle: the influence of socioemotional wealth dimensions
Authors: Blanco-Mazagatos Virginia , Romero-Merino M. Elena , Santamaría-Mariscal Marcos , Delgado-García Juan Bautista 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe literature on debt financing in family firms is still inconclusive. Initial studies have usually focused on the influence of family involvement on firm’s debt levels by using the explanations of traditional economic theories. More recent studies have begun to focus on the role of family goals in family firm debt levels, particularly drawing on socioemotional wealth (SEW), which has helped in the development of financial theories of family business. Nevertheless, existing arguments have usually not considered SEW as a multidimensional construct that covers diverse family goals. In addition, literature has usually drawn on arguments considering SEW as a stock, but have not considered the importance given to SEW (SEWi), which specifically acknowledges SEW as a goal. Our paper responds to recent calls to extend theoretical arguments on the effect of diverse dimensions of SEWi on family firm behavior and to focus on the role of SEWi on the family firms’ debt. Specifically, we test how the CEOs’ assessment of the importance that their family attaches to the continuity, prominence, and enrichment dimensions of SEWi influences the level of debt. To do so, we use a sample of 126 Spanish unlisted family businesses. Our results show that the continuity dimension of SEWi leads family businesses to increase their debt level being a key determinant of this financing decision.
How many authors are (too) many? A retrospective, descriptive analysis of authorship in biomedical publications
Authors: Jakab Martin , Kittl Eva , Kiesslich Tobias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPublishing in academic journals is primary to disseminate research findings, with authorship reflecting a scientist’s contribution, yielding academic recognition, and carrying significant financial implications. Author numbers per article have consistently risen in recent decades, as demonstrated in various journals and fields. This study is a comprehensive analysis of authorship trends in biomedical papers from the NCBI PubMed database between 2000 and 2020, utilizing the Entrez Direct (EDirect) E-utilities to retrieve bibliometric data from a dataset of 17,015,001 articles. For all publication types, the mean author number per publication significantly increased over the last two decades from 3.99 to 6.25 (+ 57%, p < 0.0001) following a linear trend (r2 = 0.99) with an average relative increase of 2.28% per year. This increase was highest for clinical trials (+ 5.67 authors per publication, + 97%), the smallest for case reports (+ 1.01 authors, + 24%). The proportion of single/solo authorships dropped by a factor of about 3 from 17.03% in 2000 to 5.69% in 2020. The percentage of eleven or more authors per publication increased ~ sevenfold, ~ 11-fold and ~ 12-fold for reviews, editorials, and systematic reviews, respectively. Confirming prior findings, this study highlights the escalating authorship in biomedical publications. Given potential unethical practices, preserving authorship as a trustable indicator of scientific performance is critical. Understanding and curbing questionable authorship practices and inflation are imperative, as discussed through relevant literature to tackle this issue.
The silver lining of COVID-19 restrictions: research output of academics under lockdown
Authors: García-Costa Daniel , Grimaldo Francisco , Bravo Giangiacomo , Mehmani Bahar , Squazzoni Flaminio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSerious concerns have been raised on the potentially negative impact of public measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic on academic research, including the closure of research facilities, and the challenges of lockdown. However, it is unclear whether COVID-related mobility restrictions have penalized academic productivity, and if this is the case, whether it has had an equal impact on all research areas and countries. Here, we examined about 9.2 million submissions to 2689 Elsevier journals in all research areas in 2018–2021 and estimated the impact of anti-COVID mobility restriction policies on submissions to journals. Results showed that anti-contagion public measures had a positive impact on academic productivity. However, submission patterns changed more in non-Western academic countries, with the exception of Italy, which had stringent lock-down measures. During the early stages of the pandemic, the abnormal peak of submission was dominated by health & medical researchers, whereas later, there was an increase in submissions to social science & economics journals. Although anti-contagion public measures have contributed to change academic work, it is difficult to estimate whether they will have any potentially long-term effect on the academic community- either positive or negative.
Impact of neural cyberattacks on a realistic neuronal topology from the primary visual cortex of mice
Authors: López Madejska Victoria Magdalena , López Bernal Sergio , Martínez Pérez Gregorio , Huertas Celdrán Alberto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are widely used in medical scenarios to treat neurological conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or epilepsy, when a pharmacological approach is ineffective. Despite their advantages, these BCIs target relatively large areas of the brain, causing side effects. In this context, projects such as Neuralink aim to stimulate and inhibit neural activity with single-neuron resolution, expand their usage to other sectors, and thus democratize access to neurotechnology. However, these initiatives present vulnerabilities in their designs that cyberattackers can exploit to cause brain damage. Specifically, the literature has documented the applicability of neural cyberattacks, threats capable of stimulating or inhibiting individual neurons to alter spontaneous neural activity. However, these works were limited by a lack of realistic neuronal topologies to test the cyberattacks. Surpassed this limitation, this work considers a realistic neuronal representation of the primary visual cortex of mice to evaluate the impact of neural cyberattacks more realistically. For that, this publication evaluates two existing cyberattacks, Neuronal Flooding and Neuronal Jamming, assessing the impact that different voltages on a particular set of neurons and the number of neurons simultaneously under attack have on the amount of neural activity produced. As a result, both cyberattacks increased the number of neural activations, propagating their impact for approximately 600 ms, where the activity converged into spontaneous behavior. These results align with current evidence about the brain, highlighting that neurons will tend to their baseline behavior after the attack.
Adaptive retrofitting for industrial machines: utilizing webassembly and peer-to-peer connectivity on the edge
Authors: Nakakaze Otoya , Koren István , Brillowski Florian , Klamma Ralf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLeveraging previously untapped data sources offers significant potential for value creation in the manufacturing sector. However, asset-heavy shop floors, extended machine replacement cycles, and equipment diversity necessitate considerable investments for achieving smart manufacturing, which can be particularly challenging for small businesses. Retrofitting presents a viable solution, enabling the integration of low-cost sensors and microcontrollers with older machines to collect and transmit data. In this paper, we introduce a concept and a prototype for retrofitting industrial environments using lightweight web technologies at the edge. Our approach employs WebAssembly as a novel bytecode standard, facilitating a consistent development environment from the cloud to the edge by operating on both browsers and bare-metal hardware. By attaining near-native performance and modularity reminiscent of container-based service architectures, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. Our prototype was evaluated with an actual industrial robot within a showcase factory, including measurements of data exchange with a cutting-edge data lake system. We further extended the prototype to incorporate a peer-to-peer network that facilitates message routing and WebAssembly software updates. Our technology establishes a foundational framework for the transition towards Industry 4.0. By integrating considerations of sustainability and human factors, it further extends this groundwork to facilitate progression into Industry 5.0.
Mitochondrial complex I inhibition triggers NAD+-independent glucose oxidation via successive NADPH formation, “futile” fatty acid cycling, and FADH2 oxidation
Authors: Abrosimov Roman , Baeken Marius W. , Hauf Samuel , Wittig Ilka , Hajieva Parvana , Perrone Carmen E. , Moosmann Bernd 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInhibition of mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) is the primary mechanism of the antidiabetic drug metformin and various unrelated natural toxins. Complex I inhibition can also be induced by antidiabetic PPAR agonists, and it is elicited by methionine restriction, a nutritional intervention causing resistance to diabetes and obesity. Still, a comprehensible explanation to why complex I inhibition exerts antidiabetic properties and engenders metabolic inefficiency is missing. To evaluate this issue, we have systematically reanalyzed published transcriptomic datasets from MPP-treated neurons, metformin-treated hepatocytes, and methionine-restricted rats. We found that pathways leading to NADPH formation were widely induced, together with anabolic fatty acid biosynthesis, the latter appearing highly paradoxical in a state of mitochondrial impairment. However, concomitant induction of catabolic fatty acid oxidation indicated that complex I inhibition created a “futile” cycle of fatty acid synthesis and degradation, which was anatomically distributed between adipose tissue and liver in vivo. Cofactor balance analysis unveiled that such cycling would indeed be energetically futile (-3 ATP per acetyl-CoA), though it would not be redox-futile, as it would convert NADPH into respirable FADH2 without any net production of NADH. We conclude that inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase leads to a metabolic shift from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (both generating NADH) towards the pentose phosphate pathway, whose product NADPH is translated 1:1 into FADH2 by fatty acid cycling. The diabetes-resistant phenotype following hepatic and intestinal complex I inhibition is attributed to FGF21- and GDF15-dependent fat hunger signaling, which remodels adipose tissue into a glucose-metabolizing organ.