bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Effects of Pelvic Rhabdomyosarcoma and Its Treatment in Female Survivors
Authors: Spunt Sheri L. , Sweeney Teresa A. , Hudson Melissa M. , Billups Catherine A. , Krasin Matthew J. , Hester Allison L. 
Published: September 2005

Purpose To document the spectrum and severity of late effects in female survivors of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma. Patients and Methods We reviewed the demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome data of the 26 females treated for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma at our institution between March 1962 and December 1996 who survived free of disease for 5 or more years. Adverse effects that occurred 5 or more years after diagnosis were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. Results The most common tumor sites were vagina (n = 7), pelvis/retroperitoneum (n = 6), and bladder (n = 4). All patients received chemotherapy (alkylating agent, n = 23; doxorubicin, n = 16); 22 received radiotherapy (median dose, 46 Gy). Median follow-up of the 23 survivors was 20.3 years. Late effects occurred in 24 patients, 23 of whom had grade 3/4 late effects (median grade 3/4 late effects per patient, three; range, zero to 14). Fourteen patients (54%) required surgery for late complications. The 22 patients who had received radiotherapy had a greater median number of late effects per patient than did the remaining four (9.5 v one; P = .002). The median number of late effects per patient was higher in the 12 patients treated during or after 1984 than in the 14 treated earlier (12.5 v 6.5; P = .041). Conclusion The burden of late effects in girls treated for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma is significant and does not seem to be diminishing with advances in treatment. Prospective studies are needed to better assess the impact of these late effects on quality of life and functional outcome, and to refine the treatment approach to pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma.
Impact of Total Lymph Node Count on Staging and Survival After Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Data From a Large US-Population Database
Authors: Smith David D. , Schwarz Rebecca R. , Schwarz Roderich E. 
Published: September 2005

BackgroundPrognosis of potentially curable (M0), completely resected gastric cancer is primarily determined by pathologic T and N staging criteria. The optimal regional dissection extent during gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma continues to be debated.MethodsA gastric cancer data set was created through structured queries to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973 to 1999). Relationships between the number of lymph nodes (LNs) examined and survival were analyzed for the stage subgroups T1/2N0, T1/2N1, T3N0, and T3N1.ResultsIn every stage subgroup, overall survival was highly dependent on the number of LNs examined. Multivariate prognostic variables in the T1/2N0M0 subgroup were number of LNs examined, age (for both, P < .0001), race (P = .0004), sex (P = .0006), and tumor size (P = .02). A linear trend for superior survival based on more LNs examined could be confirmed for all four stage subgroups. Baseline model–predicted 5-year survival with only one LN examined was 56% (T1/2N0), 35% (T1/2N1), 29% (T3N0), or 13% (T3N1). For every 10 extra LNs dissected, survival improved by 7.6% (T1/2N0), 5.7% (T1/2N1), 11% (T3N0), or 7% (T3N1). A cut-point analysis yielded the greatest survival difference at 10 LNs examined but continued to detect significantly superior survival differences for cut points at up to 40 LNs, always in favor of more LNs examined.ConclusionAlthough the impact of stage migration versus improved regional disease control cannot be separated on basis of the available information, the data provide support in favor of extended lymphadenectomy during potentially curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Phase III Study of Adjuvant Vaccination With Bec2/Bacille Calmette-Guerin in Responding Patients With Limited-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 08971-08971B; Silva Study)
Authors: Giaccone Giuseppe , Debruyne Channa , Felip Enriqueta , Chapman Paul B. , Grant Stefan C. , Millward Michael , Thiberville Luc , D'addario Giannicola , Coens Corneel , Rome Lisa S. , Zatloukal Petr , Masso Oriol , Legrand Catherine 
Published: September 2005

Purpose Bec2 is an anti-idiotypic antibody that mimics GD3, a ganglioside that is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and is of neuroectodermal origin. We assessed whether Bec2/bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination prolongs survival in patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) after a major response to chemotherapy and chest radiation. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive five vaccinations of Bec2 (2.5 mg)/BCG vaccine or follow-up. Vaccination was given over a 10-week period. The sample size was targeted to detect an increase in median survival of 40% after random assignment, and stratification was by performance status, response, and institution. Quality of life was assessed by using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer instrument. Humoral response was assessed in patients who received vaccination. Results A total of 515 patients were randomly assigned. The primary toxicities of vaccination were transient skin ulcerations and mild flu-like symptoms. There was no improvement in survival, progression-free survival, or quality of life in the vaccination arm. Median survival from randomization was 16.4 and 14.3 months in the observation and vaccination arms (P = .28), respectively. Among vaccinated patients, a trend toward prolonged survival was observed in those (one third) who developed a humoral response (P = .085). Multivariate analysis showed a positive impact on survival by prior treatment with concomitant chemoradiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, female sex, low lactate dehydrogenase, and normal platelets. Conclusion Vaccination with Bec2/BCG has no impact on outcome of patients with limited-disease SCLC responding to combined-modality treatment. Vaccination strategies in SCLC may still be warranted using vaccines that produce a better immunologic response.
Incidence of Late-Relapse Germ Cell Tumor and Outcome to Salvage Chemotherapy
Authors: Ronnen Ellen A. , Kondagunta G. Varuni , Bacik Jennifer , Marion Stephanie , Bajorin Dean F. , Sheinfeld Joel , Bosl George J. , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: September 2005

Purpose To define the incidence, clinical features, and outcome to salvage chemotherapy in patients with late-relapse germ cell tumor (GCT) after a complete response to first-line chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Two patient populations were examined. First, retrospective analysis of 246 patients treated on a clinical trial with salvage chemotherapy was performed; 29 patients with late-relapse GCT were identified and evaluated for treatment outcome and survival. Salvage regimens included paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin, single agents, or a high-dose chemotherapy program. Second, the incidence of late relapse was assessed by retrospective analysis of 551 patients after a complete response (CR) to first-line chemotherapy. Results Twenty-nine patients received salvage chemotherapy on a clinical trial for late relapse GCT. The median survival was 23.9 months. At a median follow-up of 50.6 months, there were nine survivors. The chemotherapy regimens varied, but the only CRs were observed in patients treated with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin. Seven (50%) of 14 patients treated with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin achieved a continuous CR. Among the second population of 551 patients who had previously achieved a CR to a first-line chemotherapy trial, 17 were identified as having a late relapse (3%). The median time to relapse for these 17 patients was 7.8 years. Conclusion Late-relapse GCT is uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis resulting from a high degree of resistance to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin followed by surgery may be effective in patients with late-relapse GCT who are not considered candidates for primary surgery.
Concurrent Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy and Low-Dose Daily Carboplatin/Paclitaxel in Patients With Early-Stage (I/II) Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Phase II Study
Authors: Jeremić Branislav , Milicić Biljana , Acimović Ljubisa , Milisavljević Slobodan 
Published: September 2005

Purpose Feasibility and activity of concurrent hyperfractionated radiotherapy (Hfx RT) and low-dose, daily carboplatin and paclitaxel were investigated in patients with early-stage (I/II) non–small-cell lung cancer in a phase II study. Patients and Methods Fifty-six patients started their treatment on day 1 with 30 mg/m2 of paclitaxel. Hfx RT using 1.3 Gy bid to a total dose of 67.6 Gy and concurrent low-dose daily carboplatin 25 mg/m2 and paclitaxel 10 mg/m2, both given Mondays through Fridays during the RT course, started from the second day. Results There were 29 complete responses (52%) and 15 partial responses (27%), and 12 patients (21%), experienced stable disease. The median survival time was 35 months, and 3- and 5-year survival rates were 50% and 36%, respectively. The median time to local progression has not been achieved, but 3- and 5-year local progression-free survival rates were 56% and 54%, respectively. The median time to distant metastasis has not been achieved, but 3- and 5- year distant metastasis-free survival rates were 61% and 61%, respectively. The median and 5-year cause-specific survivals were 39 months and 43%, respectively. Acute high-grade (> 3) toxicity was hematologic (22%), esophageal (7%), or bronchopulmonary (7%). No grade 5 toxicity was observed. Late high-grade toxicity was rarely observed (total, 10%). Conclusion Hfx RT and concurrent low-dose daily carboplatin/paclitaxel was feasible with low toxicity and effective in patients with stage I/II non–small-cell lung cancer. It should continue to be investigated for this disease.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Reconstructive Synthesis of Functional Organic Molecules via Cleavage of Carbon–Carbon Bonds
Authors: Kondo Teruyuki , Mitsudo Take-aki 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Characteristic aspects of ruthenium-catalyzed reconstructive synthesis of functional organic molecules via carbon–carbon bond cleavage are discussed. Most of the compounds obtained in this study are hard to be prepared by the simple combination of traditional synthetic methods. These ruthenium-catalyzed reactions require highly qualified tuning of reaction conditions with substrates to attain high yields and selectivities of the products.
Coordination Driving Self-assembly of Gold Nanoparticles and Tetrapyridylporphine into Hollow Spheres
Authors: Shi Naien , Yin Gui , Han Min , Xu Zheng , Fan Xin , Li Hongbian , Hong Jianming 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We report a facile method for self-assembling Au nanoparticles and tetrapyridylporphine into composite hollow spheres at the water/oil interface driven by coordination interaction between them. The interaction was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Anomalous Decrease of the Work Function of a Carbide-modified W(110) Surface Induced by Hydrogen Chemisorption
Authors: Tono Kensuke , Ikeuchi Junichi , Kondoh Hiroshi , Ohta Toshiaki 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Electronic property of hydrogen adatoms on a carbide-modified W(110) surface, W(110)(15 × 3)R14°-C, was investigated by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The work function of the surface decreases anomalously with hydrogen exposure. The hydrogen adatom polarizes positively due to bond formation with surface carbon atoms, resulting in the work-function decrease by as large as 1.0 ± 0.1 eV at saturation.
Light-induced Charge Separation in Photosystem I can be Sensitized by an Artificial Fluorescent Dye Covalently Linked to the Photosystem I Complex Surfaces
Authors: Nakamura Akimasa , Mizoguchi Shinji , Yoshida Emi , Kato Yuki , Watanabe Tadashi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
To expand the spectral window for the light-induced charge separation in photosystem (PS) I of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms artificially, Rhodamine B (RhB) was covalently linked to the solution-exposed surfaces of PS I. By introduction of RhB to PS I, the activity of light-induced charge separation for excitation wavelength at which the light absorption is dominated by RhB increased by about 1.8-fold, showing that RhB covalently attached to PS I can serve as the artificial light-harvesting antenna.
Synthesis of Nonaphenylenes and Dodecaphenylenes Using Electron-transfer Oxidation of Lipshutz Cuprate Intermediates
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Rahman Mohammad Jalilur , Matsumoto Aoi , Wu Mo , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki , Nakao Kazumi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Nonaphenylene and its hexaalkyl derivatives have been synthesized using electron-transfer oxidation of Lipshutz cuprates with duroquinone. Oxidation of the Lipshutz cuprate derived from dibromo-o-terphenyl in THF produced nonaphenylene in moderate yield, whereas the similar oxidation of the Lipshutz cuprate derived from diiododiethyl-o-terphenyl in ether afforded the corresponding nonaphenylene and dodecaphenylene. Furthermore, oxidation of Lipshutz cuprate derived from diiododibutyl-o-terphenyl only gave the nonaphenylene.
Facilitated Disassembly of Polyplexes Composed of Self-assembling Amphiphilic Polycations Enhances the Gene Transfer Efficacy
Authors: Kitagawa Tatsuya , Iwase Reiko , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Yamaoka Tetsuji , Murakami Akira 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Amphiphilic polycations, p(DMAPAA-co-MPC-co-SA)s, with various cation contents were designed as novel micelle-like nonviral gene carriers. The carriers led to a higher transgene expression in COS-1 cells three times as high as the case of the linear-type polycations. The enhanced transgene expressions were found to be related to the disassembly of plasmid DNA/carrier polyplexes. It can be concluded that a topological factor of the carriers greatly influences on the gene expression efficiency.
Preparation of Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Luminescent Thin Solid Films with Highly Concentrated Laser-dye Cations
Authors: Sasai Ryo , Itoh Takanori , Iyi Nobuo , Takagi Katsuhiko , Itoh Hideaki 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
To develop solid materials with high luminescence, the preparation of laser-dye rhodamine 6G (R6G)/clay hybrid thin solid films with surfactant molecules as aggregation suppressors was investigated. Dodecyltrimethylammonium cations were found to be very effective for inhibiting dye aggregation in the clay interlayer space. Consequently, this material showed light emission from the R6G monomer.
Lex-Optimal Online Multiclass Scheduling with Hard Deadlines
Authors: Hajek Bruce , Seri Pierre 
Published: September 2005

Online scheduling of unit-length packets with hard deadlines by a single server in slotted time is considered. First, the throughput optimal scheduling policies are characterized. Then multiclass packets are considered in which each packet has an M-bit class identifier, and a new optimality property called lex-optimality (short for lexicographic optimality) is defined for online scheduling policies. Lex-optimality is a hierarchical sequence of M throughput optimality properties. The lex-optimal policies that do not drop packets early are characterized. Both characterizations involve identification of a “no-regret subset” of the set of packets available for scheduling in a given slot. A lex-optimal scheduling algorithm is presented with complexity per packet O(MB), where M is the log of the number of priority classes and B is the maximum buffer size. The algorithm requires no more packets to be buffered than any online, throughput optimal scheduling policy. Simulation results are presented that illustrate that lex-optimality combines elements of pure priority and nested priority scheduling.
Optimizing Antiepileptic Drug Therapy in the Elderly
Authors: Garnett William R 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate the medical literature concerning antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy in elderly patients. DATA SOURCES A MEDLINE search (1982–December 2004) was conducted. Bibliographies of the articles identified were also reviewed, and an Internet search engine was used to identify additional pertinent references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Clinical studies and reviews were evaluated, and relevant information was included. DATA SYNTHESIS The elderly have the highest incidence of seizures among all age groups. Complex partial seizures are the most common, followed by primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures. An accurate diagnosis may prove difficult because of a low suspicion of epilepsy in the elderly and other diseases that may mimic seizures. Most AEDs are approved for treatment of elderly patients who have partial and tonic–clonic seizures. However, a number of age-related variables should be addressed when selecting an appropriate AED. Age-dependent differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AEDs must be taken into account. Drug–drug interactions must be considered since elderly people often take multiple medications. The ultimate factor that often determines AED selection is tolerability. CONCLUSIONS Numerous factors must be considered in treating elderly patients for seizures, but maximizing the ability of patients to tolerate drug therapy is often the basis for AED selection. Special consideration should be made along several lines, including elderly patients’ cognitive functioning and their tendency to respond to lower AED concentrations.
Duloxetine and Venlafaxine-XR in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Vis Peter MJ , Baardewijk Marc van , Einarson Thomas R 
Published: September 2005

BACKGROUND Duloxetine has joined venlafaxine on the antidepressant market as a second serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. No previous studies have directly compared these drugs. OBJECTIVE To compare indirectly the efficacy and safety of extended-release (XR) venlafaxine and duloxetine, the 2 currently available serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in treating major depressive disorder. METHODS Outcomes from published, randomized, placebo-controlled trials reporting on moderately to severely depressed patients (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D] ≥15 or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] ≥18). A systematic literature search of Cochrane, EMBASE, and MEDLINE (1996–January 2005) was performed. Two independent reviewers judged the trials for acceptance, and last observation carried forward data were extracted. Differences in remission (8-week HAM-D score ≤7 or MADRS ≤10), response (50% decrease on either scale), and dropout rates from lack of efficacy and adverse events were meta-analyzed using a random effects model. Each rate was contrasted with placebo. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the results. RESULTS Data were obtained from 8 trials evaluating 1754 patients for efficacy and 1791 patients for discontinuation/safety. Venlafaxine-XR rates were 17.8% (95% CI 9.0 to 26.5) and 24.4% (95% CI 15.0 to 37.7) greater than those with placebo for remission and response compared with 14.2% (95% CI 8.9 to 26.5) and 18.6% (95% CI 13.0 to 24.2) for duloxetine. Although numerically higher for venlafaxine-XR, no statistically significant differences were found between the drugs; however, both demonstrated overall remission and response rates significantly higher than the rates achieved with placebo (p < 0.001). Reported adverse events were comparable between drugs. CONCLUSIONS Venlafaxine-XR tends to have a favorable trend in remission and response rates compared with duloxetine. However, dropout rates and adverse events did not differ. A direct comparison is warranted to confirm this tendency.
Carbamazepine-Induced Hyponatremia: Assessment of Risk Factors
Authors: Kuz Glenn M , Manssourian Alina 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVE To report a case of carbamazepine-induced acute hyponatremia resulting in seizures. CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old white woman developed acute hyponatremia and 2 subsequent tonic–clonic seizures after ingesting twice her evening dose of carbamazepine (usual evening dose 600 mg). On admission, her serum sodium level was 122 mEq/L. An infusion of NaCl 0.9% was begun and, within 24 hours, the serum sodium level had returned to her previous level of 136 mEq/L. The woman's preadmission carbamazepine concentration was 8.6 μg/mL, and it was 11.3 μg/mL on admission. Carbamazepine was withheld and, the following day, the concentration was 5.6 μg/mL. The woman had experienced a similar event 6 months earlier when she also took a large dose of carbamazepine. DISCUSSION We attributed the acute hyponatremia and seizures to the large increase in dose of carbamazepine in the presence of other risk factors for hyponatremia. Hyponatremia associated with carbamazepine has been well described. The incidence ranges from 1.8% to 40% depending on the patient population studied. Severe hyponatremia in patients treated with monotherapy is uncommon. Several risk factors have been reported to increase the risk of hyponatremia including age >40 years, concomitant use of medications associated with hyponatremia, menstruation, psychiatric condition, surgery, psychogenic polydipsia, and female gender. Treatment is focused on removal of the precipitating factors or discontinuation of carbamazepine therapy. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a highly probable relationship between acute hyponatremia and carbamazepine in our patient. CONCLUSIONS Hyponatremia with carbamazepine is well known. The factors associated with increased risk are less understood. An increased awareness of these risks, careful monitoring, and patient education are important in the prevention of neurologic complications.
Vitamin E Supplementation in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Prevention: Part 1
Authors: Pham David Q , Plakogiannis Roda 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVE To review clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of vitamin E supplementation in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention. DATA SOURCES Using the MeSH search terms alpha-tocopherol, tocopherols, vitamin E, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, malignancy, and clinical trials, a literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE (1966–July 2005). STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Published materials including original research, and previous meta-analyses were included. Only English-language articles and trials on vitamin E alone or in combination with other vitamins or minerals were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. DATA SYNTHESIS Eight clinical studies demonstrated contradicting results regarding the benefits of vitamin E in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is enough evidence from large, well-designed studies to discourage the use of vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Secondary prevention requires more adequate clinical trials with selected populations to examine protective effects of vitamin E in cardiovascular disease. The findings of the studies reviewed do not provide evidence that vitamin E may reduce the risk of cancer; thus, at the present time, we do not recommend daily vitamin E intake for cancer prevention is not recommended. CONCLUSIONS Available data do not support the supplementation of vitamin E in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention.