bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and alignment behavior of a polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal and its component materials
Authors: Williams Graham , Shinton Sara E. , Anthony George , Aldridge  
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe dielectric properties of a polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), a liquid‐crystal (LC) mixture (BL036), and three polymer matrices of PN314 containing different amounts of BLO36 were determined over a range of frequencies and temperatures and, for the LC and PDLC, over a range of voltages leading to homeotropic alignment of the LC. The overall dielectric relaxation process was a weighted sum of contributions from (1) the primary (δ) process in the LC arising from the motions of the dipoles about the short molecular axis and (2) dipole motions in the polymer matrix. The dielectric spectra were determined as a function of frequency, temperature, and, when appropriate, applied voltage. An equivalent electrical circuit was used as a working model to describe the dielectric behavior of the PDLC in the absence and presence of applied voltages. Agreement between the dielectric data and this model was achieved if a portion of the LC phase at the interface was assumed to be immobile. The director order parameter for the LC component in the PDLC was determined from dielectric measurements as the material was aligned homeotropically in an applied electric field. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 1173–1194, 2001
Water‐sorption kinetics in oil palm fibers
Authors: Sreekala M. S. , George Jayamol , Kumaran M. G. , Thomas Sabu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOil palm fibers represent a very abundant and natural resource for raw materials that can be efficiently utilized as reinforcement in polymers. The sorption characteristics of two types of oil palm fibers—oil palm empty‐fruit‐bunch (OPEFB) fiber and oil palm mesocarp fiber‐in distilled water, mineral water, and water containing salt at four different temperatures were investigated. The uptake of water decreased with an increase in temperature. The OPEFB fiber showed higher sorption than the mesocarp fiber. This was due to the uptake associated with the capillary action in the OPEFB fiber. The thermodynamic parameters of the sorption process were calculated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 1215–1223, 2001
Empirically supported treatments: will this movement in the field of psychology impact the practice of psychosocial oncology?
Authors: Ellwood Ann‐Louise , Carlson Linda E. , Bultz Barry D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article discusses the likelihood of the empirically supported treatment (EST) movement impacting the practice of psychosocial oncology, with the goal of raising awareness of these issues and encouraging debate within the psychosocial oncology research and practice community. In 1993, the American Psychological Association struck a task force to develop criteria for empirically evaluating psychological interventions. The Clinical Psychology (Division 12) Task Force now evaluates psychological interventions and publishes an updated list of ESTs on a yearly basis. Concerns raised about the EST movement in psychology have included difficulties with the terminology and process of the Task Force, problems with the methodology used in psychotherapy research, and with the possible practical implications of the Task Force list of EST. A review of the literature suggests that psychosocial interventions in oncology are currently beginning to be evaluated by the EST criteria and that the reviewed interventions have yet to attain EST status. Following from this review, it is argued that researchers and practitioners in psychosocial oncology should become aware of the standards established by the Division 12 Task Force and that future psycho‐oncology intervention research may need to be designed to meet those standards. The discipline of psychosocial oncology is encouraged to consider the possible implications of accepting or not accepting the EST criteria. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐efficacy for coping with cancer: revision of the Cancer Behavior Inventory (version 2.0)
Authors: Merluzzi Thomas V. , Nairn Raymond C. , Hegde Krupa , Martinez Sanchez Mary Ann , Dunn Lindsey 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI), a measure of self‐efficacy for coping with cancer, was revised by adding a new stress management scale and reducing its length from 43 to 33 items. The 33‐item CBI was administered to 280 cancer patients. A principal factors analysis with varimax rotation yielded the hypothesized seven factors (αs in parentheses): (1) maintenance of activity and independence (α=0.86), (2) seeking and understanding medical information (α=0.88), (3) stress management (α=0.86), (4) coping with treatment‐related side‐effects (α=0.82), (5) accepting cancer/maintaining positive attitude (α=0.86), (6) affective regulation (α=0.81), and (7) seeking support (α=0.80). The α for the entire CBI was 0.94, the test‐retest (1 week) reliability coefficient was 0.74, and correlations with measures of quality of life and coping supported its validity. The CBI may be useful to researchers and clinicians and can be integrated into a self‐regulation model of coping. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caspase 3 expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma
Authors: O'Neill Amanda J. , Boran Sinead A. , O'Keane Conor , Coffey Ronan N.T. , Hegarty Nicholas J. , Hegarty Paul , Gaffney Eoin F. , Fitzpatrick John M. , Watson R. William G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDApoptotic resistance to androgen ablation represents a significant problem in the treatment of prostate cancer. Over expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl‐2 and mutations in p53 contribute to this resistance. The caspase family of proteases are central executioners of the cell death pathway. They are expressed in normal prostate secretory epithelial cells. Altered expression may represent an additional component leading to cell resistance. The aim of this study was to determine by immunohistochemistry caspase 3 expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancers.METHODSTwenty‐two patients with histologically determined prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were investigated. All specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection of the prostate. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections to assess caspase 3 expression.RESULTSCaspase 3 was expressed in 18/22 (81.1%) samples, with high expression in BPH which demonstrated staining in both basal and secretory epithelial cells. Increasing grades of prostatic cancer showed a significant loss of expression in secretory epithelial layers and little staining in epithelial cells in high‐grade prostatic carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSAltered caspase 3 expression may represent an additional mechanism of apoptotic resistance to androgen ablation. Prostate 47:183–188, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone metastatic LNCaP‐derivative C4‐2B prostate cancer cell line mineralizes in vitro
Authors: Lin Din‐Lii , Tarnowski Catherine P. , Zhang Jian , Dai Jinlu , Rohn Emileigh , Patel Avni H. , Morris Michael D. , Keller Evan T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer frequently metastasizes to bone. However, unlike many other tumors that produce osteolytic lesions, prostate cancer produces osteoblastic lesions through unknown mechanisms. In the current study, we explored the ability and mechanism of an osteotropic prostate cancer cell line (C4‐2B) to induce mineralization.METHODSC4‐2B cells were grown in promineralization media. Mineral deposition was characterized using von Kossa staining, calcium retention, alizarin red staining, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Expression of osteoblast‐related proteins was determined by RT‐PCR. The nuclear level of the bone‐specific transcription factor Cbfa1 was determined using western analysis and the effect of inhibiting Cbfa1 function, using a “decoy” Cbfa1 response element oligo, on mineralization was determined.RESULTSThe studies demonstrated that C4‐2B cells, but not its nonosteotropic parent cell line LNCaP, has an osteoblastlike phenotype including production of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and OPG ligand. Most importantly, the C4‐2B cells produced hydroxyapatite mineral in vitro. Furthermore, C4‐2B cells expressed high nuclear levels of the bone‐specific transcription factor Cbfa1, compared to LNCaP cells, which accounts for their ability to produce bone‐specific proteins. Inhibition of Cbfa1, using decoy DNA Cbfa1 response elements, abrogated the ability of C4‐2B to produce mineral. Finally, we determined that C4‐2B cells express bone morphogenic protein‐7, a known inducer of Cbfa1 expression.CONCLUSIONSThese data demonstrate a novel mechanism through which prostate cancer cells may directly contribute to the osteoblastic component that characterize their skeletal metastatic lesions. Prostate 47:212–221, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage byGanoderma lucidum
Authors: Lee Jong‐Min , Kwon Hoonjeong , Jeong Hoon , Lee June Woo , Lee Seung Yong , Baek Seong Jin , Surh Young‐Joon 
Published: September 2002

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, are associated with carcinogenesis and other pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, elimination or inactivation of ROS or inhibition of their excess generation may be beneficial in terms of reducing the risk for cancer and other diseases.Ganoderma lucidumhas been used in traditional oriental medicine and has potential antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. In the present study, we tested the amino‐polysaccharide fraction (designated as ‘G009’) fromGanoderma lucidumfor the ability to protect against oxidative damage induced by ROS. G009 significantly inhibited iron‐induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and showed a dose‐dependent inactivation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. It also reduced strand breakage in ϕX174 supercoiled DNA caused by UV‐induced photolysis of hydrogen peroxide and attenuated phorbol ester‐induced generation of superoxide anions in differentiated human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL‐60) cells. These findings suggest that G009 fromGanoderma lucidumpossesses chemopreventive potential. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential of alkaloids in drug discovery
Authors: Cordell Geoffrey A. , Quinn‐Beattie Mary Lou , Farnsworth Norman R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlkaloids are an important group of diversely distributed, chemically, biologically and commercially significant natural products. This article suggests why now, with the presently available technology, and the remaining biome available and reasonably accessible, is an opportune moment to consciously focus on the discovery of further alkaloids with pharmacophoric utility. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migration of alkylbenzenes from packaging into food and Tenax®
Authors: Aurela B. , Ohra‐aho T. , Söderhjelm L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlkylbenzenes (alkyl chain C10–C13) are used as solvent components in certain offset printing inks. Alkylbenzenes were identified from 10 out of 15 samples of offset‐printed food packaging made of board. Printed hamburger collars intended for hamburger restaurants had exceptionally high contents of alkylbenzenes (70–500 mg/kg). Most of the collars had varnish on both the printed surface and the non‐printed food contact surface. Migration of alkylbenzenes from the hamburger collar into a roll was 2 mg/kg. In another test, in which Tenax® was used as simulant, the effect of a varnish layer on the food contact surface was studied. It was found that the varnish layer reduced migration by about 70%. Tests with Tenax® as a food simulant resulted in higher migration than in tests with rolls. The European Commission has published a risk assessment report on alkylbenzenes. The report concludes that there is no need for further testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are currently applied. However, consumer exposure was calculated without taking into account the possibility of oral exposure to alkylbenzenes migrating from food packagings. The migration of alkylbenzenes thus merits further study. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput analysis in drug discovery: application of liquid chromatography/ion‐trap mass spectrometry for simultaneous cassette analysis of α‐1a antagonists and their metabolites in mouse plasma
Authors: Cai Zongwei , Han Chao , Harrelson Stephanie , Fung Eliza , Sinhababu Achintya K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe application of liquid chromatography/ion‐trap mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of multiple drugs and detection of their metabolites for in vitro experiments was reported recently. In the current study, the use of these techniques was extended to in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of α‐1a antagonists. In combination with limited time‐point PK, greatly increased throughput was demonstrated for the in vivo screening and investigation of in vivo–in vitro correlation. In addition to quantitative analyses, the technique allowed simultaneous detection of major in vivo metabolites without having to reanalyze the plasma samples. The drugs were individually dosed in mice intravenously via tail vein injection and the blood samples were collected 5 min and 2 h after dosing. After the plasma samples for the different drugs had been prepared separately, they were pooled for cassette analysis. The concentrations of five test compounds in the plasma samples at 2 h ranged from 36–1062 ng/mL, whereas their 5‐min plasma levels were similar. From the same cassette analysis, major metabolites in the samples were also detected simultaneously through the interpretation of full‐scan mass spectra. The metabolite identification confirmed the results from a previous report that the major sites of metabolism are hydroxylation of the phenyl ring not bearing the alkylsulfonamide substitutent, piperidine N‐dealkylation, and N‐demethylation of the alkylsulfonamide group. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of the main fragmentation pathways for protonated glycylglycine
Authors: Paizs Béla , Suhai Sándor 
Published: September 2002

AbstractQuantum chemical and RRKM calculations were carried out on protonated glycylglycine in order to determine the atomic details of the main fragmentation pathways leading to formation of a1 and y1 ions. Two possible mechanisms were considered. The first path results in elimination of aziridinone as a neutral counterpart of the y1 ion formed. Our calculations show that this pathway has a relatively high threshold energy (48.6 kcal/mol) and the corresponding unimolecular rate constants are quite small even at large internal energy. An alternative pathway (a1‐y1) proposed in the present paper seems, however, to be favored against the above ‘aziridinone’ one from the points of view of both energetics and kinetics. The ‘a1‐y1’ pathway leads to simultaneous formation of a1 and y1 ions, the ratio of which depends on the energy distribution of the fragmenting species for a particular dipeptide. However, even if y1 ions are formed via the ‘a1‐y1’ pathway, the corresponding neutrals eliminated do not have a strained cyclic aziridinone structure. Instead, in a two‐step process, CO and NHCH2 are formed leading to neutral products energetically more favored than aziridinone. The available experimental data reevaluated in the present paper lend support to the ‘a1‐y1’ pathway. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of inorganic coordination complexes by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Hunsucker Steve W. , Watson R. Craig , Tissue Brian M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe report the direct laser desorption/ionization (LDI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric (MALDI‐TOFMS) analysis of four inorganic coordination complexes: monometallic [Ir(dpp)2Cl2](PF6), homonuclear trimetallic {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]2RuCl2}‐ (PF6)4, and heteronuclear [(tpy)Ru(tpp)Ru(tpp)RhCl3](PF6)4 and {[(bpy)2Ru(dpp)]2IrCl2}(PF6)5 (dpp = 2,3‐bis‐(2′‐pyridyl)pyrazine, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, tpy = 2,2′,6′,2″‐terpyradine, tpp = 2,3,5,6,‐tetrakis‐(2′‐pyridyl)pyrazine). Spectral intensities and fragmentation patterns are compared and evaluated for instrument parameters, matrix selection, and matrix‐to‐analyte ratio. Direct LDI and MALDI mass spectra of the monometallic complex showed the same ion peaks and differed only in the relative peak intensities. Direct LDI of the trimetallic complexes produced only low‐mass fragments containing one metal at most. MALDI spectra of the trimetallic complexes exhibited little fragmentation in the high‐mass region (>1500 Da) and less fragmentation in the low‐mass region compared to direct LDI. Significant fragments of the molecules were detected and identified, including ligand fragments, intermediate‐mass fragments such as [Ru(tpy)]+, and molecular ions with varying degrees of PF6− loss ([M − n(PF6)]+, where n = 1–3). A correlation exists between the solution‐phase electrochemistry and the observed [M − n(PF6)]+ series of peaks for the trimetallic complexes. Proper matrix selection for MALDI analysis was vital, as was an appropriate matrix‐to‐analyte ratio. The results demonstrate the applicability of MALDI‐TOFMS for the structural characterization of labile inorganic coordination complexes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining PSA fading estimation techniques for TCM and diversity reception in Rician fading channels
Authors: Ng M. H. , Cheung S. W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a novel pilot‐symbol‐aided (PSA) technique is proposed for fading estimation in the land mobile satellite fading channels. The proposed technique combines the fading estimates obtained from a bandwidth‐efficient technique and a conventional technique according to the signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) of the fading estimates. To enhance the transmission quality, trellis‐coded modulation (TCM) and diversity reception are employed in the system, and the combined estimates are subsequently used to correct the channel fading effects, to weight the signals from different diversity branches, and to provide channel state information to the Viterbi decoder. Monte Carlo computer simulation has been used to study the bit‐error‐rate (BER) performance of the proposed technique on trellis‐coded 16‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation in the frequency non‐selective Rician fading channels. Results have shown that the proposed PSA technique requires a very low bandwidth redundancy to provide satisfactory BER performance at low SNRs, and thus is suitable for use with TCM and diversity reception to achieve both bandwidth and power‐efficient transmission. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renewable energy technologies for fuelwood conservation in the Indian Himalayan region
Authors: Prasad Rakesh , Maithel Sameer , Mirza Asim 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBiomass, particularly fuelwood, is the main source of energy for cooking, water heating and space heating in rural households. On account of the exponential rise in human and livestock population, there is a tremendous pressure on forest lands, resulting in their degradation and heavy depletion of the resource. The situation is particularly serious in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem, which is facing large‐scale deforestation and soil erosion. This paper presents the current energy utilization status and the factors that influence it in rural households in villages located in central Himalayas zone in Himachal Pradesh. The paper identifies energy conservation measures and renewable energy technologies, which can be used in this area for conserving fuelwood. Results of field testing of some of these devices in the study area are also presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Process supervision in Davanloo's intensive short‐term dynamic psychotherapy: Part II
Authors: Said Tewfik 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the second part of this two‐part article, the author continues to present on some aspects of process supervision in the course of therapy of one patient. Vignettes from the rest of the interview presented in Part∼I, as well as from another psychotherapy session with the same patient, will be analysed to further highlight some of the technical and metapsychological knowledge required to properly conduct therapy using Dr. Davanloo's technique of Intensive Short‐Term Dynamic Psychotherapy. The set of technical interventions and metapsychological knowledge required to correct some of the therapist's problems, as outlined in the supervisory process, will be highlighted. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Davanloo's technique of mobilization of the unconscious
Authors: Augsburger Therese 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis article focuses on the application of Davanloo's Central Dynamic Sequence in order to mobilize the unconscious of a patient, where initially no traces whatsoever of unconscious activation could be detected. The importance of monitoring ‘the guidelines to the unconscious’ like Dr Davanloo has called a set of scientific parameters linked with unconscious activity, is emphasized. As otherwise the therapist gets lost in his attempt to undo, together with the patient, ‘the sealing off’ which is a result of many years of severing any connection with the unconscious. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for change of the interfacially local structure of titanium oxide/bis[(4,4′‐carboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (thiocyanato)] ruthenium nanocomposite
Authors: Ju X. , Zhang J. , Wu K. W. , Hou Y. J. , Xie P. H. , Zhang B. W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTitanium oxide/bis[(4,4′‐carboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(thiocyanato)]ruthenium (cis‐(NCS)2RuL2) nanocomposites were prepared by the self‐assembly method. In this system, their interfacially local structures were probed by x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the Ti–O interatomic distance and the coordination number of the O atoms around the Ti central atoms were extracted. Compared with TiO2 nanoparticles, the Ti local structure in the nanocomposite was changed, which is responsible for binding cis‐(NCS)2RuL2 to the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural changes during oxidation of Au(110)
Authors: Hale Penny , Thurgate Stephen , Wilkie Peter 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe gold(110) single crystal exhibits a (1 × 2) surface structure when clean, but when immersed in 0.01 M HClO4 under potential control the structure has been found to change. Throughout the double‐layer region the structure remains as (1 × 2) but when the potential is increased above 0.9–1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl (the pre‐oxidation region) the surface structure changes to a centred rectangular structure. This structure forms reproducibly but has limited stability. After the initial oxidation, the structure prevails until 1.2–1.3 V, whereupon oxidation occurs on a larger scale and the surface structure becomes (1 × 1). These structures return to (1 × 2) after reduction of the oxide, proving that the structural changes are reversible. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of these regions has shown a difference in the chemical state of the oxygen. Adsorbed perchlorate ion is initially the only oxygen component but as the potential increases the peak shifts into the hydroxide region and finally splits into a hydroxide peak and a metal oxide peak. This study indicates a new way of looking at the structure and composition of the gold surface and provides insight into the nature of the interaction between the surface and the solution. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.