bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the future given? Cumulative impact of Climate change and MOSE closures on Venice and its lagoon.
Authors: Canu Donata Melaku , Aveytua-Alcazar Leslie , Laurent Celia , Rosati Ginevra , Solidoro Cosimo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Measures to adapt to climate change (CC) might have secondary adverse effects. In Venice, the hotly debated MOSE system will prevent the flooding of the city, but also the water renewal of the lagoon, and since the frequency of the closures will increase with CC, concerns are raised on the fate of the lagoon ecosystem1,2,3. Nonetheless, a systematic downscaling of the cumulative impact of CC on the Venice lagoon under multiple emission scenarios and with or without the associated MOSE closures was not presented yet. Here we show that the systematic implementation of MOSE closures will efficiently buffer the CC impact on sea level rise, but not on temperature, and in any case at the cost of a significant increment in the lagoon water renewal time. However, results also emphasize that the future is not given, and a combination of more conservative emission scenarios and MOSE might be able to save both Venice and its lagoon. Model projections suggest that at the end of the century, under the RCP8.5 scenario the lagoon will stay close for about 260 days/year, lagoon water will exceed 30°C for more than 4 months, marine heat waves will dramatically increase, the average water renewal time will triplicate and more than 35% of the lagoon will need more than 20 days to renew its water. Those impacts will be much less severe, and possibly much less challenging for marine organisms, under the RCP4.5 scenario. Results emphasize the necessity of combining global mitigation and local adaption but stress the need of site-specific carefully planned adaptation measures. They also show that the future is not written, and we are still in time to adopt choices able to protect our environment.
HER2 quantitative continuous scoring for accurate patient selection in HER2-negative trastuzumab deruxtecan–treated breast cancer
Authors: Kapil Ansh , Spitzmüller Andreas , Brieu Nicolas , Haneder Susanne , Shumilov Anatoliy , Meier Armin , Cecchi Fabiola , Barkell Alice , Harder Nathalie , Schneider Katrin , Hidalgo-Sastre Ana , Alleze Regina , Schick Markus , Schmidt Günter , Sade Hadassah , Tsuchihashi Zenta , Suto Fumitaka , Gustavson Mark , Barrett J. Carl , Carroll Danielle 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Many targeted cancer therapies rely on biomarkers assessed by scoring of immunohistochemically (IHC)-stained tissue, which is subjective, semiquantitative, and does not account for expression heterogeneity. We describe an image analysis-based method for quantitative continuous scoring (QCS) of digital whole-slide images acquired from baseline human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) IHC-stained breast cancer tissue. Candidate signatures for patient stratification using QCS of HER2 expression on subcellular compartments were identified, addressing the spatial distribution of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Using data from trastuzumab deruxtecan-treated patients with HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer from a phase 1 study (NCT02564900; DS8201-A-J101; N = 151), QCS-based patient stratification showed longer progression-free survival (14.8 vs 8.6 months) with higher prevalence of patient selection (76.4 vs 56.9%) and a better cross-validated log-rank p value (0.026 vs 0.26) than manual scoring based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology / College of American Pathologists guidelines. QCS-based features enriched the HER2-negative subgroup by correctly predicting 20 of 26 responders.
Effect of air sterilizers in an outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Yeom Sujung , Lee Hwa Sin , Cho Hyong-Ho 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: After the COVID-19 outbreak, interest in airborne virus infections has increased. In lieu of natural ventilation, mechanical sources of ventilation are required to help reduce the occurrence of airborne viruses. With this in mind, we attempted to confirm whether mechanical ventilation could diminish the presence of airborne toxins by installing a recently developed air sterilizer in a newly remodeled outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital.
Methods: After remodeling the ENT outpatient clinic at Chonnam National University Hospital, 15 KOKKOS air sterilizers (Bentech Frontier Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea) were installed. Total culturable microorganisms (TCMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in five separate inspection areas three days before installation, two weeks after installation, and four weeks after installation.
Results: After measurement of TCMs, improvement in air quality occurred two weeks after air sterilizer instatement at all timepoints except inspection area 5, and further improvement was achieved after four weeks (p< 0.05). After assessment of VOCs, improvement occurred four weeks after air sterilizer connection at all points (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: KOKKOS air sterilizers are effective in improving air quality in an outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital.
Endocrine Traits During Pregnancy in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study in China
Authors: Cao Qi , Liu Dong , Zhu Huili , Wang Qiuyi , Tan Jing , Huang Xin , Li Yujing , Wang Ruiying , Zhou Rong , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) poses a significant endocrine-metabolic health concern. During pregnancy, PCOS-related endocrine and metabolic disorders are likely to worsen, leading to adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. Despite existing studies, there is a lack of prospective research focused on Chinese populations. It is imperative to establish a cohort of Chinese women with PCOS to investigate pregnancy-related endocrine traits, providing valuable insights into maternal and neonatal outcomes specific to this demographic.
Methods
A total of 91 participants (33 PCOS, 58 non-PCOS) were enrolled in this study. Thorough evaluations of endocrine metabolic parameters were conducted at 12–16 weeks, 24–28 weeks, and 32–36 weeks of gestation. Primary outcome: Total testosterone (T), hormone binding protein (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI). Secondary outcome: Fasting insulin (FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Logistic regression models were employed for group comparisons and confounder control.
Results
PCOS women exhibited higher T and FAI levels compared to non-PCOS women across all gestational windows (All P < 0.001), even after adjusting for factors including pre-pregnancy BMI. PCOS women exhibited elevated FINS levels and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 12–16 weeks of gestation, as well as higher FINS levels at 32–36 weeks of gestation. Upon adjusting for factors including pre-pregnancy BMI, the initial differences in glucose metabolism dissipated. PCOS women displayed a subtle departure in lipid metabolism, manifesting solely as decreased levels of HDL at 12–16 weeks of gestation (P = 0.046).
Conclusion
This investigation sheds light on the intricate metabolic landscape of PCOS during pregnancy, characterized by persistent testosterone elevation and altered glucose metabolism. Elevated pre-pregnancy BMI played a crucial role in exacerbating altered glucose metabolism, rather than elevated androgens. The findings offer a nuanced insight into the interplay between PCOS, pregnancy, and metabolic dynamics, enriching our understanding of this multifaceted relationship.
Correlation Between the State of the Temporomandibular Joint and Gynecological Status in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Novikov Vadym , Korostashova Mariia , Korovina Lidiia , Hohol Andrii , Pankevych Artur , Kolisnyk Inna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The processes of synthesis and degradation of connective tissue are closely related to hormonal fluctuations occurring in the female body at various stages of development. Based on this, it can be assumed that the state of the cartilage and bone tissue of the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) depends on the physiological state of the female body. The objective of this study is to establish correlations between the anamnestic data of gynecological health and the presence of pathologies of the temporomandibular joint in women of reproductive age.
Methods
For the study, 49 female patients of reproductive age with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) were selected.
Among the gynecological health history data, we selected the following parameters: hysterectomy, breast cancer, oophorectomy, number of deliveries, number of abortions, number of miscarriages, presence of thyroid gland cyst, presence of ovarian cyst, use of hormonal contraceptives, elevated prolactin level in the blood, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis in the anamnesis, mastopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and uterine fibromatosis.
TMJ pathologies were differentiated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The presence of correlation coefficients was checked using the Real Statistics 2019 extension for Microsoft Office Excel by calculating Kendall's tau (τ). Correlation ratios were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Results
Statistically significant correlations between pathologies of the temporomandibular joint and anamnestic data of gynecological status are observed only in relation to childbirth, abortions, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and pathologies of the thyroid gland, including hypothyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis.
Conclusions
The presence of the aforementioned pathologies in the anamnesis of a woman of reproductive age can serve as a basis for a detailed study of these processes and their impact on the condition of the temporomandibular joint.
Morning temperature decrease with increasing humidity
Authors: Zhmakin V. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The decrease in morning temperature, sometimes with the appearance of frost, is explained by radiation cooling of the surface. Surface and atmospheric temperatures decrease interdependently at night. Stronger abnormal cooling of the surface atmosphere and soils, up to frosts outside the tropical zone, appear after the onset of astronomical dawn. This can happen in clear weather with a general discrete decrease in temperature and an increase in humidity in the absence of the influence of other factors. The increase in humidity with a decrease in temperature is caused by morning heating and evaporation of moisture concentrated overnight in the surface atmosphere, with its outflow into the troposphere. It is heated and cooled by evaporation much more than the rest of the troposphere, due to the concentration of moisture. Scattered radiation after reflection by the surface turns into long-wave radiation with its absorption by steam and heating of the surface atmosphere. Such heating leads to rapid evaporation of suspended droplets and dew with cooling of the surface, sometimes before the frost appears. The troposphere is slowly heated at dawn by scattered and direct radiation in the illuminated part. This work will make it possible to more reliably predict the morning weather and the appearance of frosts for timely protection of crops from damage.
An analytic, efficient and optimal readout algorithmfor compact interferometers based on deep frequencymodulation
Authors: Eckhardt Tobias , Gerberding Oliver 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Compact laser interferometers with large dynamic range are one of the core emerging tools to improve low frequencyperformance in gravitational wave detectors by providing local displacement sensing with sub pm Hz−0.5 precision. Strongsinusoidal frequency modulations are used in such laser interferometers to create heterodyne-like photodetector signals fromwhich the phase and other parameters, such as the absolute distance, can be extracted. The nested sinusoidal function insuch signals is a challenge for the real-time parameter estimation in low-noise applications. In this article, we present analgorithm to calculate exact signal parameters in a non-iterative way from such interferometric signals. The algorithm makesuse of a recurrence relation between Bessel functions to enable a direct extraction of modulation parameters from the signal.Additionally, the algorithm is capable of dealing with high phase dynamics where the Doppler-shift of the signal becomesrelevant and can limit the range and precision of the parameter estimation if not accounted for. Simulations show that thealgorithm is computationally efficient, can be well parallelised and the phase estimation is close to optimal precision given bythe Cramer-Rao lower bound of the signal parameters.
Overall survival is similar between laparoscopic liver resection versus percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma≦3.0 cm
Authors: Yen Yi-Hao , Li Wei-Feng , Hung Chao-Hung , Chen Chien-Hung , Kee Kwong-Ming , Liu Yueh-Wei , Wang Chih-Chi , Lin Chih-Yun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Inconsistent results have been noted for the difference in survival outcome between laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (pRFA) for single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤ 3.0 cm in size. We aimed to clarify this issue.
Methods
From 2011 to 2021, 232 patients undergoing LLR and 507 patients undergoing pRFA for early-stage HCC with a single tumor of ≤ 3.0 cm were enrolled. The patients had Child–Pugh class A liver disease. Survival analysis with propensity score matching (PSM) was performed using the Kaplan − Meier method.
Results
Before PSM, LLR was associated with a significant survival benefit compared to pRFA (five-year overall survival [OS]: p = 0.034; five-year recurrence-free survival [RFS]: p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the pRFA vs LR comparison was not associated with five-year OS (p = 0.063); however, it was associated with inferior five-year RFS (p < 0.001). After PSM, five‐year OS did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.184); however, LLR resulted in superior RFS compared to pRFA (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
LLR resulted in superior five-year RFS compared to pRFA in treating early-stage HCC with a single tumor ≤ 3.0 cm in size; however, five-year OS was not significantly different between LLR and pRFA.
Modelling and Evaluating Restricted ESNs on Single- and Multi-Timescale Problems
Authors: Wringe Chester , Stepney Susan , Trefzer Martin A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Reservoir Computing is a computing model ideal for performing computation on varied physical substrates. However, these physical reservoirs can be difficult to scale up. We propose joining various reservoirs together as an approach to solving this problem, simulating physical reservoirs with Echo State Networks (ESNs).We investigate various methods of combining ESNs to form larger reservoirs, including a method that we dub Restricted ESNs. We provide a notation for describing Restricted ESNs, and use it to benchmark a standard ESN against restricted ones. We investigate two methods to keep the weight matrix density consistent when comparing a Restricted ESN to a standard one, which we call overall consistency and patch consistency. We benchmark restricted ESNs on NARMA10 and the sunspot prediction benchmark, and find that restricted ESNs perform similarly to standard ones.We present some application scenarios in which restricted ESNs may offer advantages over standard ESNs. We then test restricted ESNs on a version of the multi-timescale Multiple Superimposed Sines tasks, in order to establish a baseline performance that can be improved upon in further work. We conclude that we can scale up reservoir performance by linking small homogeneous subreservoirs together without significant loss in performance over a single large reservoir,justifying future work on using heterogeneous subreservoirs for greater flexibility.
The role of C – reactive protein and Pentraxin 3 in HIV-associated pre-eclampsia
Authors: Moodley Thalia , Pillay Pamela , Govender Sumeshree , Naicker Thajasvarie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the expression of inflammatory proteins, pentraxin 3 and c-reactive proteins in HIV-associated normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies.
Methods
Both HIV status (HIV-positive and HIV-negative) and pregnancy type (normotensive pregnant and preeclampsia) were used to stratify the study population (n = 80). Using a ProcartaPlex™ immunoassay technique, the plasma concentrations of pentraxin 3 and c-reactive protein were measured.
Results
An up-regulation of c-reactive protein was demonstrated in pre-eclamptic versus normotensive women; HIV-positive versus HIV-negative, and across the study population. albeit non-significant. Pentraxin 3 was significantly higher in preeclamptic versus normotensive women (p < 0.0001), irrespective of HIV status. However, no significance was found in HIV status, regardless of pregnancy type. When compared across all groups pentraxin 3 concentrations was significantly different between normotensive HIV-negative versus pre-eclamptic HIV-negative groups (p = 0.0001); and normotensive HIV-negative versus pre-eclamptic HIV-positive groups (p = 0.0049).
Conclusions
This novel study demonstrated pentraxin 3 concentrations to be significantly higher in pre-eclampsia compared to normotensive pregnant women, emanating from oxidative stress and inflammation. C-reactive protein was higher in the normotensive pregnant women compared to pre-eclampsia. This difference may stem from hepatic dysfunction, gestational age, disease severity, interleukin-6 production, and/or sample size.
Mendelian randomization reveals pleiotropic genes between major depression and bowel cancer
Authors: Xiao Chenxu , Shen Jing , Yan Hanfei , Zhang Hanxue , Ye Liya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: In recent years, researchers have been increasingly focused on the association between mental disorders and the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis refers to a bidirectional communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, involving interactions among the gut, microbiota, nervous system, and immune system. However, the precise relationship between mental illnesses and Bowel cancer necessitates further investigation for clarification. Elucidating these associations could offer crucial insights for the development of more effective treatment strategies and preventive measures in the future.
Methods: We employed the Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) approach to investigate the genetic relationships between three common mental disorders (AD, MDD, and SC) and Bowel cancer. Leveraging Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and summary data for Mendelian Randomization (SMR), along with expression Quantitative Trait Locus (eQTL) data, we sought to identify significantly associated genes shared between MDD and Bowel cancer. This approach aimed to explore the potential association between the two conditions. Employing the mediation MR technique, utilizing the jointly significant genes as mediators, we examined whether there exists a MDD-gene-Bowel cancer directional relationship. Furthermore, the TSMR methodology was utilized to validate the previously identified shared genes' relevance to both MDD and Bowel cancer.
Results: The study findings reveal significant causal effects, wherein increased risk of AD is associated with a lowered risk of Bowel cancer, while heightened risk of MDD shows a significant positive causal influence on Bowel cancer risk. The gene OTUD4 emerges as a mediator variable with a certain level of correlation between MDD and Bowel cancer. Genes PPP6C, THUMPD3, and EML3 simultaneously exert positive causal effects on both MDD and Bowel cancer. Conversely, the gene RP3-395C13.1 exhibits negative causal effects on both MDD and Bowel cancer. HPCAL4 demonstrates a positive causal effect on MDD and a negative causal effect on Bowel cancer.MDD and Bowel Cancer show significant enrichment in pathways related to organellar localization and establishment, innate immune response, mitotic cell cycle, and defense response against other organisms.
Conclusion: This study has identified five genes (PPP6C, THUMPD3, EML3, RP3-395C13.1, HPCAL4) that concurrently influence both MDD and Bowel cancer.
ClinSeqSer: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19—New Orleans, August 2020–September 2021
Authors: Drouin Arnaud , Plumb Ian D. , McCullough Matthew , James-Gist Jade , Liu Sharon , Theberge Marc , Katz Joshua , Moreida Matthew , Flaherty Shelby , Chatwani Bhoomija , Briggs-Hagen Melissa , Midgley Claire M. , Fusco Dahlene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Louisiana experienced high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. To assess possible explanatory factors, we conducted a cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New Orleans during August 2020–September 2021. Following enrollment, we reviewed medical charts, and performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on nasal and saliva specimens. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between patient characteristics and severe illness, defined as high-flow oxygen or intubation. Among 456 patients, median age was 56 years, 277 (60.5%) were Black non-Hispanic, 436 (95.2%) had underlying health conditions, and 358 were unvaccinated (92.0% of 389 verified). Overall, 187 patients (40.1%) had severe illness; 60 (13.1%) died during admission. In multivariable models, severe illness was associated with age ≥ 65 years (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.22–3.56), hospitalization > 5 days after illness onset (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01–2.21), and SARS CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) result of < 32 in saliva (OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.22–18.77). Among patients who were predominantly Black non-Hispanic, unvaccinated and with underlying health conditions, approximately 1 in 3 patients required high-flow oxygen. Older age and delayed time to admission might have contributed to the high case-severity. An association between case-severity and low Ct value in saliva warrants further investigation.
Dysphagia Caused by Anterior Cervical Osteophytes: A Rare Entity!
Authors: Jayaprasad Y.D.M. , Dharmapala Arinda , Ganga N. M. P. Gagana , Edirisinghe E. M. C. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
When we go through the medical literature, anterior cervical osteophytes are generally considered to be asymptomatic. However, on multiple occasions, there have been reports of large anterior cervical osteophytes giving rise to dysphagia in elderly patients. In our article, we will be discussing a 79-year-old male patient who presented with dysphagia. We thoroughly evaluated this patient for a possible cause of his symptoms. He had to undergo multiple investigations, including an upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy, a lateral neck X-ray, and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the neck and chest. As well, we also arranged neurology and neurosurgical referrals. Ultimately, we could confidently conclude that he was having dysphagia due to anterior cervical osteophytes. Other than patient evaluation, we have also briefly discussed in this article the treatment modalities and how to choose the best treatment modality for a patient with symptomatic anterior cervical osteophytes.
Categories: General Surgery, Orthopedics, Neurosurgery