bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrovoltaic Power Generation Depend on Wettability at the Liquid–Solid Interface: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications With Various Resource
Authors: Lee Yejin , Lee Minwoo , Lee Junwoo , Jang Ho Won , Jang Ji‐Soo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWith the global increase in energy consumption, there is a growing demand for green energy production, which has prompted the development of novel renewable energy sources. Recently, significant momentum has been observed in research on new energy harvesting methods suitable for small devices. In this context, hydrovoltaic power generation, utilizing water due to its ubiquitous presence and easy availability, has emerged as a promising technology. Hydrovoltaic power generation operates by converting the potential energy of water into electrical energy through the interaction between water and materials capable of inducing an electrical potential gradient. The control of material surface wettability, which determines the interaction with water, plays a crucial role in enhancing the electrical output and long‐term stability of power generation systems. This review categorizes the mechanisms of hydrovoltaic power generation into flow and diffusion mechanisms, discussing respective case studies based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. Additionally, representative materials used in hydrovoltaic power generation are discussed and the potential to expand this technology across various fields based on the diverse resources of water is demonstrated. The review concludes with future perspectives, highlighting the applications of hydrovoltaic power generation across multiple domains and outlining directions for future research and development.
A Low‐Dissipation Hybrid Fourth‐Order Center‐Upwind WENO Scheme With Virtual Sub‐Stencil for Compressible Flows
Authors: Tang Shujiang , Liu Chunmei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel fourth‐order center‐upwind WENO scheme is proposed for the fifth‐order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non‐Oscillatory) scheme with innovative improvements. This scheme achieves an effective reduction in numerical dissipation and a significant improvement in scheme adaptability by introducing a virtual sub‐stencil dynamically controlled by a switching function. The core of the study lies in the redesign of the sub‐stencil of the fifth‐order WENO, which is decomposed into two two‐point sub‐stencils, and the automatic selection and switching between the sub‐stencils is achieved by the switching function. In addition, the new scheme achieves adaptive optimization under different flow conditions by dynamically adjusting the linear weights, allowing flexible switching between the fourth‐order central and fifth‐order WENO schemes. Through the spectral characterization of the ADR method and the empirical validation of a series of benchmark numerical test cases, the new scheme demonstrates lower power dissipation and higher resolution, verifying its effectiveness and application potential in high‐precision numerical simulations.
Anti‐Violence Human Resource Management and Workplace Violence: Perspectives From Australian Aged Care Managers and Employees
Authors: Cavanagh Jillian , Pariona‐Cabrera Patricia , Bartram Timothy , Meacham Hannah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIncidents of workplace violence are commonplace against nurses and personal care assistants (PCAs) employed in aged care facilities. This article examines ways in which managers and human resource (HR) departments manage workplace violence. In this context, understanding anti‐violence human resource management (HRM) practices and other ways in which incidents of violence are managed may have important implications for workforce sustainability. Greenwood and Freeman's [Greenwood, M., & Freeman, R. E. (2011). Ethics and HRM: The Contribution of Stakeholder Theory. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 269–292.] conceptual model of employee engagement and “ethical” HRM underpins this study by focusing on stakeholder engagement and stakeholder agency. We take a qualitative approach to examine workplace violence in aged care facilities in Australia by conducting semi‐structured interviews with 60 participants. We report on narratives of participants highlighting the unethical use of HRM as evidenced by a lack of anti‐violence HRM in aged care facilities. To encourage greater workforce sustainability, we argue that HR departments and managers need to behave ethically and better support the management and mitigation of workplace violence against workers in aged care facilities. Our paper provides new theoretical and practical insights into understanding the role of stakeholder engagement and stakeholder agency, and the moral treatment of employees through the development of anti‐violence HRM within the aged care context.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASi‐QoL) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) Questionnaires: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Houjaghan Amirmasoud Kazemzadeh , Behzad Ghazal , Ghorbanpour Sahar , Razavi Seyede Zahra Emami , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Movaseghi Shafieh , Salaminour Negar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects quality of life (QoL) due to its impact on physical and emotional well‐being. Accurate and reliable tools are needed to assess disease activity and QoL in different cultural contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian versions of the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASi‐QoL) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) scales in Iranian AS patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 70 AS patients referred to a tertiary hospital in Tehran. Patients completed the EASi‐QoL, and 39 also completed the ASDAS questionnaire. The translation followed the forward–backward method. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest reliability. Content validity was evaluated using the content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Test–retest reliability was examined using Spearman's rank correlation for non‐normally distributed data.ResultsThe ICC values for EASi‐QoL ranged from 0.71 to 0.82, while Spearman's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.80. For ASDAS, all items except Question 1 had ICC and Spearman's correlation coefficients above 0.8, indicating high test–retest reliability. The average CVR for EASi‐QoL was 0.56, and for ASDAS it was 0.68. The CVI for relevance, clarity, and simplicity ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 for both scales, confirming good content validity.ConclusionThe Persian versions of the EASi‐QoL and ASDAS scales demonstrate adequate reliability and validity. These tools are suitable for assessing QoL and disease activity in Iranian AS patients, providing culturally relevant measurements for clinical and research settings.
Baseline audiometric assessment of newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Housheng , Fan Ting , Lu Yushuang , Que Lilin , Zou Bin , Huang Lulu , Chen Fuli , Liang Xian , Shi Zhiling , Hu Qianxin , Yi Tingzhuang , Liang Leifeng , Hu Kai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHearing impairment is one of the most common chief complaints in newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, but baseline audiometric assessments are seldom reported. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment in this population through comprehensive audiometric testing and analyse the associated factors. A cohort of 187 newly diagnosed NPC patients were recruited from three hospitals. Pre‐treatment comprehensive audiometric assessments, including pure‐tone audiometry, tympanometry, Eustachian tube function tests and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), were performed to evaluate hearing impairment. Patient characteristics and tumour invasion extent were also recorded. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyse factors associated with hearing impairment. Among the patients, 27.5% of ears showed conductive hearing loss (CHL), 13.6% had sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and 10.4% demonstrated mixed hearing loss. Additionally, 43.6% of ears exhibited abnormal tympanograms, 86.1% had Eustachian tube dysfunction, and 77.3% failed the DPOAE test. Multivariable analysis identified subjective hearing symptoms, mastoiditis, and invasion of the tensor veli palatini muscle and Eustachian tube as factors associated with CHL. T stage, mastoiditis, and invasion of the tensor veli palatini muscle and nasal cavity were linked to abnormal tympanograms. T stage, sinusitis, and invasion of the levator veli palatini muscle significantly affected Eustachian tube function, while age influenced both SNHL and DPOAE results. Hearing impairment is prevalent among newly diagnosed NPC patients, with over half exhibiting various forms. Comprehensive baseline audiometric assessment in this population is crucial for developing individualized treatment strategies and enabling early intervention to prevent further hearing deterioration.
Holography and Display
Authors: Parker Jerald V. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryThe development of “holography” or coherent optical recording is probably as revolutionary a development as that of the optical lens. It represents a refinement in the techniques for manipulating light waves equivalent to the advance the laser represents in the generation of light. Ultimately, the importance of holography to the field of information display depends, however, not upon its revolutionary character but upon whether it can provide solutions to the important problems in display systems. Only further development will determine the value of holography in solving these problems, but there can be no doubt that it represents, at least, a powerful new tool.As with any new tool, the usefulness of holography to the designer of information display systems depends upon his knowledge of how it works, how to use it and what its limitations are. It is hoped that this article will help to answer these basic questions about the subject of holography and its potential uses in display applications. The background provided will help the reader to appreciate the significance of future developments and will provide a foundation for further study of the literature. In the interests of brevity no attempt has been made to discuss the rapidly expanding field of holographic applications to scientific measurement.
The Size and Contrast Of Hard‐Copy Symbols
Authors: Stocker A. C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper corrects an erroneous equation given in an earlier paper and provides experimental data on hard‐copy symbols computed with the correct equation. The author argues that Blackwell's data on the visibility of a spot can be used to compute the optimum level of illumination for rooms in which both hard copy and self‐luminous displays must be read.
Display requirements assessment for command and control systems
Authors: Kuehn Rudy 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYThe major underlying parameters of a command and control display depend to a great extent upon the basic attributes of the human visual mechanism. The latter are briefly reviewed in order to place the display system requirements in harmony with visual limitations. Resolution, amount of data displayed, display dynamics, coding, and screen size are discussed. Illustrations are given by means of figures and tables of the interrelationship of certain of these criteria. Material is presented demonstrating that display specification and design need not be based upon intuitive judgment, but do have a foundation in sound scientific and engineering principles. The proper parametric designation of the command and control display system can lead to greater effectiveness and overall satisfactory performance
Screening and treatment of iron deficiency among heart failure patients with impaired ejection fraction: The impact of a pharmacist‐led protocol
Authors: Alaryani Jamila , Manla Yosef , Abidi Emna , Kholoki Obada , Hisham Mohamed , Al Badarin Firas , Bader Feras , Atallah Bassam 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDespite guideline‐recommended routine screening and iron deficiency (ID) treatment among heart failure (HF) patients, these practices are often underutilized. Currently, limited data are available on the outcomes of pharmacists' programs to enhance ID screening and management. Accordingly, we sought to describe the frequency and yield of screening for ID and intravenous (IV) iron replacement rates among our cohort of HF patients and examined the impact of implementing a pharmacist‐led protocol (PLP) aimed at enhancing these rates.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study involving HF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45% at a quaternary care hospital in the Middle East/Gulf region. The PLP was introduced in August 2022. Data on demographics, comorbidities, echocardiographic parameters, laboratory findings (including ID screening and its findings), and rates of treatment with IV iron replacement were analyzed and compared between the pre‐implementation group (n = 432, October 2015–February 2020) and the post‐implementation group (n = 154, August 2022–January 2023).ResultsBefore the PLP, 63.2% (n = 273) of eligible patients underwent ID screening, with 80.6% (n = 220) found to have ID. Following the implementation of the PLP, screening rates significantly increased to 86.4% (n = 133) (p = 0.03), with 53.4% (n = 71) diagnosed with ID. The rate of IV iron replacement in ID patients improved from 30.4% (n = 67) in the pre‐PLP group to 73% (n = 52) in the post‐PLP group (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hemoglobin levels as significant predictors of IV iron replacement in the pre‐PLP cohort.ConclusionsImplementing a pharmacist‐led protocol was significantly associated with enhancing the screening and treatment of ID in patients with HF and LVEF <45%. This study demonstrates the crucial role of pharmacists in optimizing guideline‐directed therapies, which can be replicated in various healthcare settings.
Melatonin Ameliorates Age‐Related Sarcopenia via the Gut–Muscle Axis Mediated by Serum Lipopolysaccharide and Metabolites
Authors: Zhou Ling‐Shan , Yang Yuan , Mou Li , Xia Xin , Liu Min , Xu Ling‐Jie , Liu Rong , Liu Jun‐Ping , Zhang Hai‐Yan , Ao Xiao‐Jun , Liu Chang‐Jiang , Xiao Qian , Liu Shi‐Xiong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSarcopenia affects the quality of life and increases adverse outcomes in the elderly. However, as a potential safe and effective remedy to many age‐related disorders, little is known about the protective effect of melatonin against sarcopenia, especially the underlying mechanisms of pathophysiology related to the gut–muscle axis.MethodsThe young (4 months) and old‐aged (24 months) wild‐type C57BL/6J male mice were included in this study, of which the old‐aged mice in the experimental group were treated with 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin for 16 weeks. After that, muscle strength, muscle mass and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the gastrocnemius muscle fibres were measured. Then, the putative pathways, based on the data obtained from 16S rDNA sequencing of the gut microbiota, RNA sequencing of gastrocnemius muscle and serum untargeted metabolomics, were screened out by the integrated multiomics analysis and validated using immunohistochemistry, ELISA and TUNEL staining. C2C12 myoblasts were treated with LPS. Flow cytometric analysis and western blotting were applied to detect cell apoptosis and protein expressions of Tnfrsf12a and caspase8, respectively. In addition, the mediation analysis was carried out to infer the causal role of the microbiome in contributing to the skeletal muscle through metabolites.ResultsMelatonin treatment ameliorated age‐related declines in muscle strength (p < 0.05), muscle mass (p < 0.01) and CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle fibres (p < 0.01), as well as changed the gut microbial composition (beta‐diversity analysis; R = 0.513, p = 0.005). The integrated multiomics analysis implied two main mechanisms about the impact of melatonin‐related modifications in the gut microbiota on sarcopenia. First, a lower serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level associated with the altered gut microbiota was observed in melatonin‐treated mice (p < 0.001) and was most relevant to the transcription level of Tnfrsf12a in skeletal muscle (R = 0.926, p < 0.001). Further bioinformatics analyses and in vitro experiments showed that LPS could contribute to skeletal muscle apoptosis by regulating the Tnfrsf12a/caspase‐8 signalling pathway. Second, melatonin significantly altered serum metabolites (variable importance on projection (VIP) > 1.5, p < 0.05). Mediation models showed that changes in the gut microbiome also influenced skeletal muscle through these metabolites (27 linkages; BH‐adjusted p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study revealed functional insights and a putative causality for the role of the gut–muscle axis in the mechanism of melatonin ameliorating age‐related sarcopenia, namely, inhibition of the LPS‐induced Tnfrsf12a/caspase‐8 signalling pathway or serum metabolites as intermediates in the gut–muscle axis.
Causal Exposures in Pancreatic Cancer Incidence: Insights From Mendelian Randomization Studies
Authors: Mohamadkhani Ashraf , Ghanbari Reza , Shakeri Ramin , Mohammadkhani Mohammad Ali , Pourshams Akram 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimPancreatic cancer, marked by its high lethality and poor 5‐year survival rate, requires a thorough understanding of its risk factors and etiological mechanisms. In this review, we collected the latest findings from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to identify potential causal factors for pancreatic cancer.Method and ResultsThe present analysis encompasses MR studies on the gut and oral microbiomes, non‐malignant phenotypes, blood metabolites, immune cells, and chronic inflammation. Specific gut and oral microbiome species have been identified as potential causal factors for pancreatic cancer, some with protective effects, and others increasing the risk. The review also highlights causal associations between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic cancer, as well as the impact of blood metabolites and immune cell phenotypes on disease risk. Additionally, it investigates the causal effects of inflammatory bowel disease, showing a significant risk increase associated with Crohn's disease.ConclusionThese insights emphasize the need for interdisciplinary research and personalized medicine to enhance prevention and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer.
Contribution of Brain Intrinsic Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in a Novel Mouse Model of Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: Kuhs Amanda C. , Ohl Laura , Thurston Tegan , Singh Jeet , Bhuyan Sangeetha , Grandinette Sarah , Xu Jing , Siemsgluess Sophie A. , Jakher Youseff , Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD) results from loss of branched‐chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) activity, the committed, rate‐limiting step of branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation. Current treatments, including a low protein diet and liver transplantation, improve peripheral biochemistry and limit episodes of metabolic decompensation but do not fully prevent chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms. The mechanisms underlying chronic neurologic phenotypes remain poorly understood. Currently available MSUD mouse models do not survive long enough to evaluate chronic central nervous system (CNS) pathology. To investigate if loss of brain‐intrinsic BCAA metabolism contributes to chronic neurologic disease, we developed a new brain‐specific knockout mouse model of MSUD. First, we generated a mouse harboring a floxed Dbt allele (Dbtflox/flox). Then we crossed this line with Cre recombinase driver lines to induce loss of Dbt expression in (1) all developing CNS cell populations (2) neurons alone or (3) astrocytes alone. We found that brain‐specific KO mice have elevations in BCAA levels in cortex that are exacerbated by a high protein diet. They also have secondary changes in amino acids in brain that are important for neuronal function, including glutamine and glycine. These metabolic differences result in subtle functional deficits as measured by electroencephalogram and behavioral testing. Astrocyte and neuron‐specific KO mice each also demonstrate mild biochemical features of MSUD in the cortex, suggesting that both cell populations may contribute to disease pathology. Collectively, these data suggest that therapies targeting the CNS directly, in addition to the periphery, may improve outcomes in MSUD.
Detection of the Relationship Between the Inverse Variations of Sea Ice in the Okhotsk–Bering Sea During Spring and the 11‐Year Solar Cycle
Authors: Luo Shuting , Zhao Liang , Shen Xinyong , Wang Jingsong , Wang Ji , Zong Weiguo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe 11‐year solar cycle is a stable external forcing factor for the Earth system. However, its influence on decadal climate variability, including sea ice, remains uncertain. This study statistically analyses spring sea ice concentration (SIC) and annual sunspot numbers (SSNs) from 1960 to 2021, revealing a significant inverse correlation between the 11‐year solar activity cycle and spring sea ice variability in the Okhotsk Sea and Bering Sea. During solar maximum years, sea ice increases in the Okhotsk Sea while decreasing in the eastern Bering Sea. Further analysis shows that the spring sea ice concentration difference (SICD) index correlates closely with the preceding winter Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) modulated by the 11‐year solar cycle. This suggests that solar activity may influence east–west sea ice variability in the North Pacific during spring through its impact on the winter PMM. Atmospheric circulation and numerical simulation results indicate that during high‐solar‐activity years in winter, changes in stratospheric ozone concentration lead to variations in stratospheric temperatures. This strengthens zonal westerlies in the subtropical stratosphere and troposphere. The propagation of planetary waves from the stratosphere to the mid‐ and high‐latitude troposphere converges over the Bering Sea, creating an easterly anomaly. This convergence stimulates a high pressure and a low pressure to its south, forming a pattern resembling the PMM in the North Pacific during winter. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies linked to the winter PMM persist into spring, influencing sea ice at high latitudes in the North Pacific and causing the observed inverse sea ice changes in the Okhotsk and Bering Seas. This study highlights the significant modulating effect of solar activity on sea ice variability, offering insights for understanding Arctic climate change and predicting sea ice changes.