bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humoral and cellular immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yap Desmond Yat-Hin , Fong Carol Ho-Yan , Zhang Xiaojuan , Ip Jonathan Daniel , Chan Wan-Mui , Chu Allen Wing-Ho , Chen Lin-Lei , Zhao Yan , Chan Brian Pui-Chun , Luk Kristine Shik , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Chan Tak-Mao , To Kelvin Kai-Wang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Humoral and cellular immunity from prior infection or vaccination are important for protection, but the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response against SARS-CoV-2 variants is impaired. We investigated the variant-specific nAb and T cell immunity among CKD patients. Adult CKD patients were recruited between August and October 2022. nAb against the SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral strains and four Omicron sublineages) and T cell response were measured using the live virus neutralization assay and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The correlation between nAb/T-cell response and subsequent infection after recruitment were also determined. Among the 88 recruited patients, 95.5% had prior infection or had completed the primary vaccine series. However, only 77.3% had detectable nAb against at least one SARS-CoV-2 strains, 59.1% tested positive in IGRA, and 52.3% had detectable nAb and tested positive in the IGRA. The nAb geometic mean titers (GMTs) against XBB.1, BA.5 and BA.2.3.20 were significantly lower than those against BA.2 and ancestral strain. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with elevated nAb and T cell response. More kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) showed absent nAb and T cell response (36.8% vs. 10.1%), despite a higher prevalence of vaccine booster in this population (94.7% vs. 50.7%). Lower levels of nAb titer and T cell response were significantly associated with subsequent infection. A considerable proportion of CKD patients, especially KTRs, showed absence of humoral and cellular protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Strategies to improve immunogenicity in this population are urgently needed.
Chitin degradation by Synechococcus WH7803
Authors: Capovilla Giovanna , Castro Kurt G. , Collani Silvio , Kearney Sean M. , Kehoe David M. , Chisholm Sallie W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChitin is an abundant, carbon-rich polymer in the marine environment. Chitinase activity has been detected in spent media of Synechococcus WH7803 cultures—yet it was unclear which specific enzymes were involved. Here we delivered a CRISPR tool into the cells via electroporation to generate loss-of-function mutants of putative candidates and identified ChiA as the enzyme required for the activity detected in the wild type.
The effects of a hydrolyzed protein diet on the plasma, fecal and urine metabolome in cats with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Kathrani Aarti , Yen Sandi , Hall Edward J. , Swann Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydrolyzed protein diets are extensively used to treat chronic enteropathy (CE) in cats. However, the biochemical effects of such a diet on feline CE have not been characterized. In this study an untargeted1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomic approach was used to compare the urinary, plasma, and fecal metabolic phenotypes of cats with CE to control cats with no gastrointestinal signs recruited at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC). In addition, the biomolecular consequences of a hydrolyzed protein diet in cats with CE was also separately determined in cats recruited from the RVC (n = 16) and the University of Bristol (n = 24) and whether these responses differed between dietary responders and non-responders. Here, plasma metabolites related to energy and amino acid metabolism significantly varied between CE and control cats in the RVC cohort. The hydrolyzed protein diet modulated the urinary metabolome of cats with CE (p = 0.005) in both the RVC and Bristol cohort. In the RVC cohort, the urinary excretion of phenylacetylglutamine,p-cresyl-sulfate, creatinine and taurine at diagnosis was predictive of dietary response (p = 0.025) although this was not observed in the Bristol cohort. Conversely, in the Bristol cohort plasma betaine, glycerol, glutamine and alanine at diagnosis was predictive of outcome (p = 0.001), but these same results were not observed in the RVC cohort. The biochemical signature of feline CE in the RVC cohort was consistent with that identified in human and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. The hydrolyzed protein diet had the same effect on the urinary metabolome of cats with CE at both sites. However, biomarkers that were predictive of dietary response at diagnosis differed between the 2 sites. This may be due to differences in disease severity, disease heterogeneity, factors unrelated to the disease or small sample size at both sites. As such, further studies utilizing larger number of cats are needed to corroborate these findings.
Injectable kaempferol-loaded fibrin glue regulates the metabolic balance and inhibits inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Gao Wenshuo , Bao Jianhang , Zhang Yujun , He Du , Zhang Liangping , Zhang Jun , Pan Hao , Wang Dong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo construct an injectable fibrin glue system loaded with kaempferol (FG@F) to improve the bioavailability of kaempferol and observe its efficacy in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Kaempferol-loaded fibrin glue was first synthesized in advance. Subsequently, the materials were characterized by various experimental methods. Then, nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a degenerative cell model, and the corresponding intervention treatment was conducted to observe the effect in vitro. Finally, the tail disc of rats was punctured to establish a model of IVDD, and the therapeutic effect of the material in vivo was observed after intervertebral disc injection. The FG@F system has good injectability, sustained release and biocompatibility. This treatment reduced the inflammatory response associated with IVDD and regulated matrix synthesis and degradation. Animal experimental results showed that the FG@F system can effectively improve needle puncture-induced IVDD in rats. The FG@F system has better efficacy than kaempferol or FG alone due to its slow release and mechanical properties. The drug delivery and biotherapy platform based on this functional system might also serve as an alternative therapy for IVDD.
Hydrothermal synthesis of a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived Co3O4/SnO2 composite as an effective material for ethanol detection
Authors: Mu Yang , Zhang Zhenkai , Yang Zhiguo , Yue Chen , Liu Zhenyue , Dastan Davoud , Yin Xi-Tao , Ma Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2023

Hydrothermal syntheses were utilized to prepare bis-MOFs derived Co3O4/SnO2 composites with small particle size of about 6 nm and a response of 135 to 100 ppm concentration of ethanol. With excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility.
Transient characteristics and sites of pre‐breakdown in spark conditioning for high‐voltage vacuum interrupter under power frequency voltage
Authors: Ma Hui , Du Yu , Shen Jingyu , Li Yuanzhao , Gao Yulong , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to determine the transient characteristics and sites of the pre‐breakdown (pre‐BD) in the spark conditioning under power frequency voltage (PFV) in vacuum. A multi‐angle optical path system was designed and made the determination of the pre‐BD sites in spark conditioning possible, through one camera at two viewing angles. The experimental results indicate that, in the spark conditioning under PFV, the pre‐BDs continuously occurred at a random moment. Within several half‐waves, the number of the pre‐BDs could reach dozens of times, which was the key for the treatment of the electrode surface in conditioning. Under the application of PFV, the single pre‐BD occurred at a random moment, in which it would last for several microseconds and the peak value of the current would reach several amperes. Moreover, the pre‐BD sites randomly distributed in the surface of the electrode and almost covered the whole surface of the electrode. The pre‐BDs took place independently in both time and space, in which there should be no effect between each other of two sequential pre‐BDs. To sum up, the transient characteristics and the sites of the pre‐BDs determined in this paper could reveal the physical mechanism of the pre‐BD on the treatment of electrode surface in the conditioning process, which is quite significant to improve the BD voltage of vacuum interrupter.
Reconstructing Galactic magnetic fields from local measurements for backtracking ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
Authors: Tsouros Alexandros , Edenhofer Gordian , Enßlin Torsten , Mastorakis Michalis , Pavlidou Vasiliki 
Published: November 2023

Context. Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are highly energetic charged particles with energies exceeding 1018eV. These energies are far greater than those achieved in Earth-bound accelerators, and identifying their sources and production mechanism can shed light on many open questions in both astrophysics and high-energy physics. However, due to the presence of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) they are deflected, and hence the location of their true source on the plane of the sky (PoS) is concealed. The identification of UHECR sources is an open question, excacerbated by the large uncertainties in our current understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the GMF. This difficulty arises from the fact that currently all GMF observations are integrated along the line of sight (LoS). However, thanks to upcoming stellar optopolarimetric surveys as well asGaiadata on stellar parallaxes, we expect that local measurements of the GMF in the near future will become available.Aims. Given such a set of (sparse) local GMF measurements, the question is how to optimally use them in backtracking UHECRs through the Galaxy. In this paper, we evaluate the reconstruction of the GMF, in a limited region of the Galaxy, through Bayesian inference, using principles of information field theory.Methods. We employed methods of Bayesian statistical inference in order to estimate the posterior distribution of the GMF configuration within a certain region of the Galaxy from a set of sparse simulated local measurements. Given the energy, charge, and arrival direction of a UHECR, we could backtrack it through GMF configurations drawn from the posterior, and hence calculate the probability distribution of the true arrival directions on the PoS, by solving the equations of motion in each case.Results. We show that, for a weakly turbulent GMF, it is possible to correct for its effect on the observed arrival direction of UHECRs to within ~3°. For completely turbulent fields, we show that our procedure can still be used to significantly improve our knowledge on the true arrival direction of UHECRs.
Comparative clustering analysis of Ca II 854.2 nm spectral profiles from simulations and observations
Authors: Moe Thore E. , Pereira Tiago M. D. , van der Voort Luc Rouppe , Carlsson Mats , Hansteen Viggo , Calvo Flavio , Leenaarts Jorrit 
Published: November 2023

Context.Synthetic spectra from 3D models of the solar atmosphere have become increasingly successful at reproducing observations, but there are still some outstanding discrepancies for chromospheric spectral lines, such as CaIIand MgII, particularly regarding the width of the line cores. It has been demonstrated that using sufficiently high spatial resolution in the simulations significantly diminishes the differences in width between the mean spectra in observations and simulations, but a detailed investigation into how this impacts subgroups of individual profiles is currently lacking.Aims.We compare and contrast the typical shapes of synthetic CaII854.2 nm spectra found in Bifrost simulations having different magnetic activity with the spectral shapes found in a quiet-Sun observation from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST).Methods.We used clustering techniques to extract the typical CaII854.2 nm profile shapes synthesized from Bifrost simulations with varying amounts of magnetic activity. We degraded the synthetic profiles to observational conditions and repeated the clustering, and we compared our synthetic results with actual observations. Subsequently, we examined the atmospheric structures in our models for some select sets of clusters, with the intention of uncovering why they do or do not resemble actual observations.Results.While the mean spectra for our high resolution simulations compare reasonably well with the observations, we find that there are considerable differences between the clusters of observed and synthetic intensity profiles, even after the synthetic profiles have been degraded to match observational conditions. The typical absorption profiles from the simulations are both narrower and display a steeper transition from the inner wings to the line core. Furthermore, even in our most quiescent simulation, we find a far larger fraction of profiles with local emission around the core, or other exotic profile shapes, than in the quiet-Sun observations. Looking into the atmospheric structure for a selected set of synthetic clusters, we find distinct differences in the temperature stratification for the clusters most and least similar to the observations. The narrow and steep profiles are associated with either weak gradients in temperature or temperatures rising to a local maximum in the line wing forming region before sinking to a minimum in the line core forming region. The profiles that display less steep transitions show extended temperature gradients that are steeper in the range−3 ≲ logτ5000≲ −1.
Boosting underwater germination in Echinochloa colona seeds: the impact of high amplitude alternating temperatures and potassium nitrate osmopriming
Authors: Echeverry Holguín Juliana , Crepy María , Striker Gustavo G. , Mollard Federico P. O. 
Published: November 2023

Underwater germination could risk seedling survival, suggesting the need for control through seed perception of environmental cues. These cues include diurnally alternating temperatures tied to drained soils or shallow water tables. We examined high-amplitude alternating temperatures impact on underwater germination. Besides, the conditions experimented by seeds in the soil (e.g. hydration/dehydration phases) change their germinability so we tested if osmopriming could affect underwater germination. We worked with Echinochloa colona seedlots from extensive crop fields, exposing seeds to sequential submergence and drained treatments in combination with cues that promote germination. While a 10°C difference between maximum and minimum daily temperatures maximised germination in drained conditions, higher amplitudes (>15°C) alternating temperatures promoted E. colona underwater germination under hypoxic water (pO2 < 4.1 kPa). KNO3 osmopriming in drained conditions promoted later underwater germination even under hypoxic water; however, PEG 6000 osmopriming induced seeds to enter secondary dormancy inhibiting underwater germination. KNO3 improved E. colona underwater germination under air-equilibrated floodwater (pO2: 16.5–17.4 kPa) yet not under hypoxic conditions. This suggests that germination can proceed in flooded nitrate-fertile soils as long as it remains aerobic. Hypoxic submergence did not inhibit the induction of hypersensitivity to light in E. colona seeds. This research expands our understanding of wetland seed germination ecophysiology, shedding light on the inducible nature of underwater germination in hydrophyte weeds.
Effects of the ground-electrode temperature on electrical and optical characteristics of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure air
Authors: Liu Feng , Shi Guihu , Wang Weiwei , Fan Zhihui , Wang Yun , Wang Jingquan , Liang Huimin , Han Haiyan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The applied power and electron energy are believed to play important roles in plasma applications, which can be significantly altered by controlling the ground-electrode temperature in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The effects of the ground-electrode temperature on the electrical and optical characteristics of the DBD were investigated in atmospheric pressure air. The results show that the breakdown voltage decreases, and the number of discharge pulses, the transferred charges, and the applied power increase with the electrode temperature, while the peak current tends to decrease when the electrode temperature is below −35 °C and above 25 °C, respectively. When the electrode temperature remains constant, the breakdown voltage increases and the applied power decreases with the gap distance. The applied power increases with the applied voltage. The dielectric capacitance, the total capacitance, and the gap capacitance at the electrode temperature below −35 °C are generally higher than those at the electrode temperature above 25 °C. Moreover, they change in the same trend when the electrode temperature and the applied voltage increase. The dielectric and total capacitances increase while the gap capacitance decreases. The relative intensities of the spectral lines increase with the electrode temperature. The electron, vibrational, and rotational temperatures increase with the electrode temperature above 25 °C. However, the electron and vibrational temperatures increase and decrease with the electrode temperature below −35 °C. The secondary emission coefficients and electron energy distributions with the electrode temperature were discussed.
The pairwise and cross-pairwise y-type polarised kinetic Sunyaev Zeldovich effect from transverse velocity of galaxy clusters
Authors: Gon Aritra Kumar , Khatri Rishi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We develop a new theoretical framework for studying the pairwise and cross-pairwise polarised kinetic Sunyaev Zeldovich (pkSZ) effect arising from the transverse peculiar velocity of galaxy clusters. The pkSZ effect is second order in peculiar velocities and has a spectrum that can be decomposed into y-type and blackbody components, whereas the unpolarised linear kSZ effect has only the blackbody component. Thus, the detectability of the pkSZ effect depends only on the sensitivity and the number of frequency channels of the survey and not on the other primary and secondary CMB anisotropies. We consider pairing of clusters with other clusters as well as cross-pairing of clusters with galaxies from spectroscopic galaxy surveys. The pairwise pkSZ signal is a function of intra-pair spatial separation. We develop and compare estimators of the pairwise pkSZ effect and study the detectability of the pairwise signal with cluster catalogs consisting of a few hundred thousand clusters expected from surveys such as eROSITA and CMB-S4. We find that cross-pairing clusters with galaxies from a large overlapping spectroscopic survey having a few billion galaxies will enable us to detect the pairwise pkSZ effect with CMB-S4. The pairwise pkSZ effect will thus open up a new window into the large-scale structure of the Universe in the coming decades.
Exact learning dynamics of deep linear networks with prior knowledge
*
Authors: J Dominé Clémentine C , Braun Lukas , Fitzgerald James E , Saxe Andrew M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Learning in deep neural networks is known to depend critically on the knowledge embedded in the initial network weights. However, few theoretical results have precisely linked prior knowledge to learning dynamics. Here we derive exact solutions to the dynamics of learning with rich prior knowledge in deep linear networks by generalising Fukumizu’s matrix Riccati solution (Fukumizu 1998 Gen
1 1E–03). We obtain explicit expressions for the evolving network function, hidden representational similarity, and neural tangent kernel over training for a broad class of initialisations and tasks. The expressions reveal a class of task-independent initialisations that radically alter learning dynamics from slow non-linear dynamics to fast exponential trajectories while converging to a global optimum with identical representational similarity, dissociating learning trajectories from the structure of initial internal representations. We characterise how network weights dynamically align with task structure, rigorously justifying why previous solutions successfully described learning from small initial weights without incorporating their fine-scale structure. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for continual learning, reversal learning and learning of structured knowledge. Taken together, our results provide a mathematical toolkit for understanding the impact of prior knowledge on deep learning.
Controlling a Nursing Robot Based on sEMG Signal
Authors: Noor Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd , Suhaimi Muhammad Haziq 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biopotential signals such as surface electromyography (sEMG) are common signals that can be used to control machines such as medical and nursing robots. The main objective of this paper is to develop a system to control a nursing robot using a sEMG signal. The robot was designed based on the Asian adult hand using CATIA and manufactured using a 3D printing machine. This robot was designated as a care robot to replace and assist physiotherapists in their work, especially in repetitive tasks. The sEMG signal was used as input to control the movement of the care robot. The raw signal from the sEMG was filtered to avoid the noise signal and irrelevant signals were to be rejected. In this project, the MyoWare muscle sensor attached to electrodes on the upper limbs was used to capture the EMG signal. The different readings of the signal are used as an algorithm for the movement of the care robot. As an actuator, the servo motor was operated in two positions: Flexion and extension in 0 degrees (minimum angle) to 100 degrees (maximum angle). The result shows that the robot can only move up and down in one direction with the right hand. This method is similar to the work that therapists do for their patients, especially in rehabilitation.
Drowsiness Detection using Galvanic Skin Response and Electro-occulograph
Authors: Nawawi Nurfathin A , Sudirman Rubita , Sheikh Usman U 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is widely used in psychological applications, mostly stress detection. Hence, people always put a limitation on GSR for stress detection only. Therefore, the challenge in this study is to expand the usage of GSR in drowsiness detection. Workers, students and drivers face a sleep deprivation problem due to never-ending work. Hence, this drowsiness detection is needed to detect the drowsiness to prevent unforeseen accidents from occurring. However, existing GSR application on sleep deprivation detection needs to improve with data reliability since the recording always took place on the wrist, and an external source like hand movements may influence the reading. Therefore, another drowsiness detection method is needed for reliable data or tasks. Hence, this study aims to detect GSR and EOG from behind the ear. The earpiece has been designed to make data recording of both GSR and EOG easier. By doing so, this study able to detect the skin conductance response (SCR) and skin resistance level (SCL) of GSR also eye activity which reflect the drowsiness seen from behind the ear of the user. The study found that the SCR and SCL levels increase with increasing sleepiness or drowsiness. Moreover, EOG shows a sudden spike in the signal when the user is in a drowsy state.