bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity: the role of the gut microbiome
Authors: Stapleton Saluda , Welch Grace , DiBerardo Lindsay , Freeman Linnea R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent decades have seen an exponential rise in global obesity prevalence, with rates nearly doubling in a span of 40 years. A comprehensive knowledge base regarding the systemic effects of obesity is required to create new preventative and therapeutic agents effective at combating the current obesity epidemic. Previous studies of diet-induced obesity utilizing mouse models have demonstrated a difference in bodyweight gain by sex. In such studies, female mice gained significantly less weight than male mice when given the same high fat (HF) diet, indicating a resistance to diet-induced obesity. Research has also shown sex differences in gut microbiome composition between males and females, indicated to be in part a result of sex hormones. Understanding metabolic differences between sexes could assist in the development of new measures for obesity prevention and treatment. This study aimed to characterize sex differences in weight gain, plasma lipid profiles, fecal microbiota composition, and fecal short chain fatty acid levels. We hypothesized a role for the gut microbiome in these sex differences that would be normalized following microbiome depletion.

Methods
A mouse model was used to study these effects. Mice were divided into treatment groups by sex, diet, and presence/absence of an antibiotic cocktail to deplete genera in the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that sex differences would be present both in bodyweight gain and systemic measures of obesity, including hormone and circulating free fatty acid levels.

Results
We determined statistically significant differences for sex and/or treatment for the outcome measures. We confirm previous findings in which male mice gained significantly more weight than female mice fed the same high fat diet. However, sex differences persisted following antibiotic administration for microbiome depletion.

Conclusions
We conclude that sex differences in the gut microbiome may contribute to sex differences in obesity, but they do not explain all of the differences.
Multivariate time series collaborative compression for monitoring systems in securing cloud-based digital twin
Authors: Miao Zicong , Li Weize , Pan Xiaodong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the booming of cloud-based digital twin systems, monitoring key performance indicators has become crucial for ensuring system security and reliability. Due to the massive amount of monitoring data generated, data compression is necessary to save data transmission bandwidth and storage space. Although the existing research has proposed compression methods for multivariate time series (MTS), it is still a challenge to guarantee the correlation between data when compressing the MTS. This paper proposes an MTS Collaborative Compression (MTSCC) method based on the two-step compression scheme. First, shape-based clustering is implemented to group the MTS. Afterward, the compressed sensing is optimized to achieve collaborative compression of grouped data. Based on a real-world MTS dataset, the experimental results show that the proposed MTSCC can effectively preserve the complex temporal correlation between indicators while achieving efficient data compression, and the root mean squared error of correlation between the reconstructed and original data is only 0.0489 in the case of 30% compression ratio. Besides, it is verified that using the reconstructed data in the production environment has almost the same performance as using the original data.
The key security management scheme of cloud storage based on blockchain and digital twins
Authors: Huang Jie , Yi Jiangyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a secure distributed ledger technology, blockchain has attracted widespread attention from academia and industry for its decentralization, immutability, and traceability characteristics. This paper proposes a cloud storage key security management scheme based on blockchain. To resist brute-force attacks launched by adversaries on ciphertexts, the scheme uses an oblivious pseudo-random function (OPRF) to generate randomized convergent keys and improve data confidentiality. Second, the scheme enhances the reliability of concurrent key management through a secret sharing mechanism, where convergent keys are split into key fragments and distributed on blockchain for storage. Even if a certain number of key fragments are lost or damaged, users can still recover complete key information through block transaction records. In addition, the scheme effectively supports file-level and block-level data security deduplication. Security analysis and experimental performance evaluation indicate that this scheme can ensure the security of keys and the confidentiality of data, and it has a low computational overhead for generating file-level encryption keys under this scheme. Even for a 100 MB file, the computational overhead required for generating encryption keys is less than 2 s, which improves computational efficiency.
No significant differences in 60‐day postoperative complication rates between conventional and shortened stems
Authors: Girardot Guillaume , Guy Sylvain ,   ReSurg, Bonin Nicolas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare 60‐day complication rates, radiographic outcomes, and clinical outcomes following primary THA with conventional versus shortened stems, in a large cohort study.MethodsThe authors reviewed a consecutive series of 800 primary THAs, of which 781 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria: 395 received a conventional stem and 386 received a shortened stem. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted. Radiographic and clinical assessments were performed preoperatively and 60 days after surgery.ResultsCompared to conventional stems, shortened stems had significantly less intraoperative complications (2.8% vs 0.3%, p = 0.006), but no significant differences in complications that did not require reoperation (1.0% vs 1.3%, p = 0.620), complications that required reoperation without stem revision (2.0% vs 1.0%, p = 0.384), and complications that required stem revision (0.5% vs 0.5%, p = 1.000). Four hips (two from each group) required stem revision and were thus excluded from 60‐day assessment. There were no significant differences between groups in subsidence ≥ 3 mm (1.0% vs 0.5%, p = 0.686), alignment (90.3%vs 86.7%, p = 0.192), net change in offset (within 3 mm, 32.3% vs 30.5%, p = 0.097), and limb length discrepancy (3.0 ± 2.6 mm vs 2.9 ± 2.4 mm, p = 0.695). Compared to conventional stems, shortened stems had significantly better preoperative mHHS (56.5 ± 18.5 vs 64.5 ± 13.5, p < 0.001), and significantly lower net improvement in mHHS (29.9 ± 17.1 vs 24.4 ± 15.0, p < 0.001), but no significant differences in postoperative mHHS (87.3 ± 11.9 vs 89.4 ± 9.6, p = 0.109).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences between conventional and shortened stems in terms of postoperative complication rates, radiographic outcomes, and postoperative mHHS. However, patients implanted with shortened stems had less intraoperative complications, but lower net improvement in mHHS.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Retrospective comparative cohort study
The role of arthroscopy in the management of adult elbow trauma
Authors: Valencia Maria , Foruria AM. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFractures around the elbow are often challenging to treat and in most cases require an extensive approach. Since the development of elbow arthroscopy, most authors have pointed out the potential advantages of a less invasive technique that can be useful for visualization and reduction of the articular fragments with an eventual percutaneous fixation. Arthroscopic techniques provide a limited exposure that may lead to a faster wound healing, lower rate of complications and thus, better recovery of range of motion. However, elbow arthroscopy is also a demanding technique, especially in a swollen and fractured joint, and it is not exempt of risks. The overall rate of complications has been rated from 1.5% to 11% and nerve injury rates from 1.26–7.5%.The objective of this review is to present the arthroscopic setup and general surgical technique for the management of elbow trauma and to define some clear indications. Patient positioning and operating room display is key in order to obtain success. In addition to the arthroscopic equipment, fluoroscopy is almost always necessary for percutaneous fixation and precise preparation is mandatory. In the last decade, literature regarding new portals or surgical tips for arthroscopic treatment of elbow fractures have been published.The main indications for fracture arthroscopic‐assisted fixation are those articular fractures involving the coronoid, distal humerus shear fractures in the coronal plane (trochlear and capitellum fractures) and, more controversially, those affecting the radial head. The treatment of these type of fractures all arthroscopically is exponentially demanding as it might also require ligament repair. For coronoid fractures, it can be useful in Morrey type II and III, and O´Driscoll anteromedial facet fractures associated to a posteromedial instability pattern that also require a repair of the LCL. Although excellent results have been published, comparative series are scarce. Radial head fractures can also be approached arthroscopically in simple non‐comminute fractures that can be fixed percutaneously.In conclusion, arthroscopy of the elbow is an excellent tool to better understand and visualize articular fractures of the elbow. However, despite the advances in surgical technique, whether it improves clinical and radiological results is still to be proven.
vs.
as a probe of a scalar mediator dark-matter scenario
Authors: Berezhnoy Alexander , Melikhov Dmitri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recently, Belle II reported the observation of the decay

, where M

X
is the missing mass, with the branching ratio much exceeding

which is the only Standard Model (SM) process contributing to this reaction. If confirmed, this might be an indication of new non-SM particles produced in this decay. One of the possible explanations of the observed effect could be light dark-matter (DM) particles produced via a scalar mediator field. We give simple arguments, that a combined analysis of the

and

reactions would be a clean probe of the scalar mediator scenario: i) making use of an observed value

and ii) assuming that the effect is due to the light dark-matter coupling to the top quark via a scalar mediator field, one finds an upper limit

. Within the discussed scenario, this upper limit does not depend on the mass of the scalar mediator nor on the specific details of the unobserved dark-matter particles in the final state.
Quantitative MRI Biomarkers Measure Changes in Targeted Brain Areas in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Baynat Louise , Yamamoto Takayuki , Tourdias Thomas , Zhang Bei , Prevost Valentin , Infante Asael , Klein Achille , Caid Julien , Cadart Olivier , Dousset Vincent , Gatta Cherifi Blandine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Obesity is accompanied by damages to several tissues, including the brain. Pathological data and animal models have demonstrated an increased inflammatory reaction in hypothalamus and hippocampus.

Objective
We tested whether we could observe such pathological modifications in vivo through quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted between May 2019 and November 2022. The study was conducted in the Specialized Center for the Care of Obesity in a French University Hospital. Twenty-seven patients with obesity and 23 age and gender-paired normal-weight controls were prospectively recruited. All participants were examined using brain MRI. Anthropometric and biological data, eating behavior, anxiety, depression, and memory performance were assessed in both groups. The main outcome measure was brain MRI with the following parametric maps: quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), magnetization transfer ratio map, and T2 relaxivity map.

Results
In the hypothalamus, patients with obesity had higher FA and lower QSM than normal-weight controls. In the hippocampus, patients with obesity had higher FA and lower MD. There was no correlation between imaging biomarkers and eating behavior or anxiety.

Conclusion
Our findings are consistent with the presence of neuroinflammation in brain regions involved in food intake. In vivo brain biomarkers from quantitative MRI appear to provide an incremental information for the assessment of brain damages in patients with obesity.
Depressive Syndromes in Men With Hypogonadism in the TRAVERSE Trial: Response to Testosterone-Replacement Therapy
Authors: Bhasin Shalender , Seidman Stuart , Travison Thomas G , Pencina Karol M , Lincoff A Michael , Nissen Steven E , Miller Michael G , Flevaris Panagiotis , Li Xue , Wannemuehler Kathleen A , Pope Harrison G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
The effect of testosterone on depressive symptoms in men with hypogonadism remains incompletely understood.

Objective
We assessed the effects of testosterone-replacement therapy (TRT) in improving depressive symptoms in hypogonadal men with and without depressive symptoms enrolled in the TRAVERSE cardiovascular safety trial.

Methods
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted at 316 trial sites. Participants included men, aged 45 to 80 years, with 2 fasting testosterone levels less than 300 ng/dL, 1 or more hypogonadal symptoms, cardiovascular disease (CVD), or increased risk of CVD. We evaluated 3 subgroups of participants: (1) men with rigorously defined, late-life-onset, low-grade persistent depressive disorder (LG-PDD, previously “dysthymia”); (2) all men with significant depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Score &gt;4); and (3) all randomly assigned men. Intervention included 1.62% transdermal testosterone or placebo gel. Outcome measures included the proportions of participants (1) meeting criteria for LG-PDD or (2) with significant depressive symptoms; and changes in depressive symptoms, energy, sleep quality, and cognition in testosterone-treated vs placebo-treated men in the 3 subgroups.

Results
Of 5204 randomly assigned participants, 2643 (50.8%) had significant depressive symptoms, but only 49 (1.5%) met rigorous criteria for LG-PDD. Among those with LG-PDD, there was no significant difference in any outcome measure between the TRT and placebo groups, possibly reflecting low statistical power. In men with significant depressive symptoms (n = 2643) and in all randomly assigned participants (n = 5204), TRT was associated with modest but significantly greater improvements in mood and energy but not cognition or sleep quality.

Conclusion
Depressive symptoms are common in middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism but LG-PDD is uncommon. TRT is associated with small improvements in mood and energy in hypogonadal men with and without significant depressive symptoms.
Discordant Effects of Polyamine Depletion by DENSpm and DFMO on β-cell Cytokine Stress and Diabetes Outcomes in Mice
Authors: Hammoud Batoul , Nelson Jennifer B , May Sarah C , Tersey Sarah A , Mirmira Raghavendra G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to dysfunction and loss of insulin-secreting β cells. In β cells, polyamines have been implicated in causing cellular stress and dysfunction. An inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), has been shown to delay T1D in mouse models and preserve β-cell function in humans with recent-onset T1D. Another small molecule, N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSpm), both inhibits polyamine biosynthesis and accelerates polyamine metabolism and is being tested for efficacy in cancer clinical trials. In this study, we show that DENSpm depletes intracellular polyamines as effectively as DFMO in mouse β cells. RNA-sequencing analysis, however, suggests that the cellular responses to DENSpm and DFMO differ, with both showing effects on cellular proliferation but the latter showing additional effects on mRNA translation and protein-folding pathways. In the low-dose streptozotocin-induced mouse model of T1D, DENSpm, unlike DFMO, did not prevent or delay diabetes outcomes but did result in improvements in glucose tolerance and reductions in islet oxidative stress. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, short-term DENSpm administration resulted in a slight reduction in insulitis and proinflammatory Th1 cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Longer term treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in mortality. Notwithstanding the efficacy of both DFMO and DENSpm in reducing potentially toxic polyamine levels in β cells, our results highlight the discordant T1D outcomes that result from differing mechanisms of polyamine depletion and, more importantly, that toxic effects of DENSpm may limit its utility in T1D treatment.
Elderly Patients Show Substantial Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life After Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Despite Medical Frailty: An Ambispective Analysis of a Multicenter, International Data Set
Authors: Pedro Karlo M. , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Hejrati Nader , Moghaddamjou Ali , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
We assessed the relationship between Modified Frailty Index-5 (mFI-5) and neurological outcomes, as well as health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures, in elderly patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) after surgery.

METHODS:
Data from 3 major DCM trials (the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen Spine Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy-North America, Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy—International, and CSM-PROTECT studies) were combined, involving 1047 subjects with moderate to severe myelopathy. Patients older than 60 years with 6-month and 1-year postoperative data were analyzed. Neurological outcome was assessed using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, while HRQoL was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) (both Physical Component Summary [SF-36 PCS] and Mental Component Summary [SF-36 MCS] scores) and the Neck Disability Index. Frail (mFI ≥2) and nonfrail (mFI = 0-1) cohorts were compared using univariate paired statistics.

RESULTS:
The final analysis included 261 patients (62.5% male), with a mean age of 71 years (95% CI 70.7-72). Frail patients (mFI ≥2) had lower baseline modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores (10.45 vs 11.96, P < .001), SF-36 PCS scores (32.01 vs 36.51, P < .001), and SF-36 MCS scores (39.32 vs 45.24, P < .001). At 6-month follow-up, SF-36 MCS improved by a mean (SD) of 7.19 (12.89) points in frail vs 2.91 (11.11) points in the nonfrail group (P = .016). At 1 year after surgery, frail patients showed greater improvement in both SF-36 PCS and SF-36 MCS composite scores compared with nonfrail patients (7.81 vs 4.49, P = .038, and 7.93 vs 3.01, P = .007, respectively). Bivariate regression analysis revealed that higher mFI-5 scores correlated with more substantial improvement in overall mental status at 6 months and 1 year (P = .024 and P = .009, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
mFI-5 is a clinically helpful signature to reflect the HRQoL status among elderly patients with DCM. Despite preoperative medical frailty, elderly patients with DCM experience significant HRQoL improvement after surgery. These findings enable clinicians to identify elderly patients with modifiable comorbidities and provide informed counseling on anticipated outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
II.
Performance of Neurosurgeons Providing Safety-Net Care Under Medicare's Merit-Based Incentive Payment System
Authors: Ng Grace Y. , DiGiorgio Anthony M. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Under the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS), Medicare evaluates provider performance to determine payment adjustments. Studies examining the first year of MIPS (2017) showed that safety-net providers had lower MIPS scores, but the performance of safety-net physicians over time has not been studied. This study aimed to examine the performance of safety-net vs non–safety-net neurosurgeons in MIPS from 2017 to 2020.

METHODS:
Safety-net neurosurgeons were defined as being in the top quartile according to proportion of dual-eligible beneficiaries and non–safety-net in the bottom quartile. Outcomes were total MIPS scores and dual-eligible proportion over time. In this descriptive study, we evaluated ordinary least squares regression models with SEs clustered at the physician level. Covariates of interest included safety-net status, year, and average Hierarchical Condition Category risk score of beneficiaries.

RESULTS:
There were 2796–3322 physicians included each year between 2017 and 2020. Mean total MIPS scores were not significantly different for safety-net than non–safety-net physicians in 2017 but were greater for safety-net in 2018 (90.7 vs 84.5, P < .01), 2019 (86.4 vs 81.5, P < .01), and 2020 (90.9 vs 86.7, P < .01). Safety-net status (coefficient −9.11; 95% CI [−13.15, −5.07]; P < .01) and participation in MIPS as an individual (−9.89; [−12.66, −7.13]; P < .01) were associated with lower scores while year, the interaction between safety-net status and year, and participation in MIPS as a physician group or alternative payment model were associated with higher scores. Average Hierarchical Condition Category risk score of beneficiaries (−.011; [−.015, −.006]; P < .01) was associated with decreasing dual-eligible case mix, whereas average age of beneficiaries (.002; [.002, .003]; P < .01) was associated with increasing dual-eligible case mix.

CONCLUSION:
Being a safety-net physician was associated with lower MIPS scores, but safety-net neurosurgeons demonstrated greater improvement in MIPS scores than non–safety-net neurosurgeons over time. Providers with higher-risk patients were more likely to decrease their dual-eligible case mix over time.
Cristae shaping and dynamics in mitochondrial function
Authors: Caron Claire , Bertolin Giulia 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles of key importance for cell homeostasis. The outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) envelops the organelle, and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is folded into invaginations called cristae. As cristae composition and functions depend on the cell type and stress conditions, they recently started to be considered as a dynamic compartment. A number of proteins are known to play a role in cristae architecture, such as OPA1, MIC60, LETM1, the prohibitin (PHB) complex and the F1FO ATP synthase. Furthermore, phospholipids are involved in the maintenance of cristae ultrastructure and dynamics. The use of new technologies, including super-resolution microscopy to visualize cristae dynamics with superior spatiotemporal resolution, as well as high-content techniques and datasets have not only allowed the identification of new cristae proteins but also helped to explore cristae plasticity. However, a number of open questions remain in the field, such as whether cristae-resident proteins are capable of changing localization within mitochondria, or whether mitochondrial proteins can exit mitochondria through export. In this Review, we present the current view on cristae morphology, stability and composition, and address important outstanding issues that might pave the way to future discoveries.