bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Protection Against Injury—The Foundation of Cell Protective Engineering
Authors: Liu Shu Q. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cells can launch self-protective mechanisms against injury, induced by ischemia, mechanical impact, toxins, radiation, or microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and fungi), and can also recruit other cells to assist in the protective processes. Primary cell protective mechanisms include early-phase discharge of small molecules (adenosine and bradykinin) and subsequent expression and release of cytokines, growth factors, and anti-reactive oxygen species enzymes from the injured cells as well as activated/recruited cells. These protective factors can act on cognate signaling pathways in the injured cells to support cell survival and prevent cell death. However, these cell protective mechanisms are not optimal in the timing of activation and the level of effectiveness—often occurring after cell death with insufficient activity. Thus, it is necessary to develop and utilize cell protective engineering strategies to activate promptly protective factors to sufficient levels, thereby optimizing cell protective processes. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of cell protection in injury by using experimental myocardial ischemia as a model and potential engineering strategies for optimizing cell protective processes.
Particle Size Effect on Abrasive Wear Behavior of All-Metal Positive Displacement Motor and Abrasive Particles Control
Authors: Liang Chenfan , Zhang Kai , Wang Yu , Kong Lingrong , Sun Liwei , Su Gang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Downhole drilling operations expose all-metal positive displacement motors (AMPDM) to abrasives of different sizes, causing serious abrasive wear behavior. Controlling the entry of large particles into the motor by installing a filter can effectively reduce wear conditions and improve its lifespan. This study investigated the particle size effect on abrasive wear to seek an appropriate filter size for AMPDM. The multi-function tribo-tester was modified according to the actual working conditions of the stator and rotor. The tribological properties of stator material (nitrided 38CrMoAl steel) against rotor material (YL10.2 cemented carbide) were conducted using SiO2 particles with 1–500 μm sizes in the range on a pin-on-disc tribo-tester under wet sliding-vibration conditions. The results showed more complicated friction coefficient evolution characteristics for small particles, existing two stable stages. Two critical-size values of average wear-rate and wear mechanism transformation are determined. The wear products of the tribochemical reaction were determined. The filter porosity of about 200 μm may be an optimal selection to decrease wear. This work has developed new insights into how AMPDM responds to changing abrasive sizes and provides a proposal for controlling the entry size of abrasive particles.
Training Motor and Specialized Skills Online: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Park Junhyuk , Yun Sanga , Yli-Piipari Sami 
Published: February 2025

Online deliveries have recently been actively used in teaching due to their unique strengths. Although online deliveries are known for cognitive and fitness-based improvements, an understanding of the effectiveness of teaching motor skills online is needed. Thus, this systematic review summarized the existing studies using online delivery to improve motor skills and concluded that online delivery is effective for skill learning. Electronic database searches yielded 15 relevant studies meeting eligibility criteria published by July 2023. Out of 59 total skills, 36 total comparisons with effects, small (n = 15), medium (n = 7), and high (n = 14) were identified. Although this review cannot determine whether online delivery is more effective than in-person delivery, it concludes that online modalities can teach motor or specialized skills to diverse populations. Fruitful future work should include robustly designed studies examining all three learning modalities (in-person, synchronous, and asynchronous) and novel motor skills to compare their effectiveness.
Complete genome sequences of AZ
Arthrobacter
phages Wildwest and Sue2
Authors: Cloud Isabella E. , Ortega Ava N. , Spencer Angelina M. , Upadhyayulla Varsha , Adair Tamarah L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

This announcement reports the complete genome sequences of two bacteriophages isolated from soil samples using the host
Arthrobacter atrocyaneus
Strain NRRL B-2883. These findings enhance our understanding of AZ1 cluster phages, particularly Wildwest and Sue2, with their unique genomic features.
A Refrigerator for Deep Cooling of Subterahertz Detectors for Radio Astronomy Research
Authors: Marukhno A. S. , Edelman V. S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract—
A dilution cryostat is described, which is designed to carry out observations at dusk in the millimeter range on an optical telescope with a mirror with a diameter of 6 m, when observation in the optical range is still impossible. The cryostat, which cools the detector down to 0.1 K, is built according to the scheme of dissolving 3He in 4He with 3He circulation due to its condensation on a cold wall cooled by sorption pumping of pure liquid 3He from a separate volume. The working conditions are provided by the contact with the stabilizing unit, which accumulates 0.6 L of liquid 4He during active operation of a Gifford–McMahon refrigerator within the time between measurement cycles. During measurements, the refrigerator turns off, which completely eliminates vibrations that interfere with measurements.
Deployment and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines for refugees and migrants in regular and irregular situations: a mixed-method multicountry study
Authors: Benavente Pierina , Kampalath Vinay N , Zan Moussa Lonkila , Tran Nguyen Toan , Czapka Elżbieta Anna , Hosseinalipour Seyed-Moeen , Teran Enrique , Martens Cheryl , Karmacharya Biraj Man , Joshi Anjali , Das Jai K , Padhani Zahra A , Jurlano Vicente B , Kabamalan Maria Midea M , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Blanchet Karl 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has widened inequities, affecting migrant and refugee populations in vulnerable situations, who may face elevated risks of infection, constrained healthcare access and discrimination. Inclusive vaccination campaigns are recommended, but barriers persist. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators and estimate vaccination coverage among refugees and migrants in low- and middle-income countries, emphasising inclusive policies for effective rollout.MethodsA mixed-method study was conducted in two phases in Ecuador, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines and Rwanda. Phase 1 (March–May 2022) included policy analysis, in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions with 52 key informants analysed with thematic and grounded theory approaches using hybrid coding. Phase 2 (June–August 2022) included a cross-sectional study among refugees and migrants in regular (MIRS) and irregular situations (MIIS) and used descriptive analysis and a COVID-19 Vaccine Equity Index (CVEI).ResultsA total of 1378 individuals responded to the survey (43.8% MIRS, 31.2% MIIS and 25% refugees). 87% reported receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The CVEI at the global level (0.824) suggested differences in complete vaccination between migrants and other residents in most of the study countries (refugees reported more access to vaccines than MIRS and MIIS). However, the qualitative phase reported delays and inequities in the early stage of the vaccination process in all countries. Overall, 64.2% of respondents perceived that government’ campaigns were successful. Both the qualitative and quantitative phases identified several barriers and facilitators. The main barriers included a lack of trust in authorities, extended waiting times and distance to vaccination centres, discrimination and xenophobia, lack of identity documentation, and adverse reaction concerns. On the other hand, the primary facilitators were the widespread distribution of vaccination centres, sources and provision of information, specific campaigns for refugees and migrants, free vaccination and the motivation to protect others’ health.ConclusionsDespite the high coverage of COVID-19 vaccines among refugees and migrants in the study countries, the process had significant barriers. Simple vaccination registration procedures, targeted campaigns, mobile vaccination teams for hard-to-reach and vulnerable groups, and building trust in the host country authorities are pivotal for future and inclusive vaccine deployments.
Knowledge, attitudes, motivations and expectations regarding antimicrobial use among community members seeking care at the primary healthcare level: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ramdas Nishana , Meyer Johanna C , Schellack Natalie , Godman Brian , Turawa Eunice Bolanle , Campbell Stephen M 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionInappropriate antibiotic use in (primary healthcare, PHC) settings fuels antimicrobial resistance (AMR), threatens patient safety and burdens healthcare systems. Patients’ knowledge, attitudes, motivations and expectations play a crucial role in antibiotic use behaviour, especially in low-income and middle-income countries including South Africa. There is a need to ensure measures of antibiotic use, interventions and future guidance reflect cultural, community and demographic issues associated with patient views to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics and associated AMR. The objective of this scoping review is to identify key themes surrounding knowledge, attitudes, motivations and expectations among patients and community members regarding antimicrobial use in PHC settings especially in low-income and middle-income countries.Methods and analysisThis scoping review employs a comprehensive search strategy across multiple electronic databases, including OVID, Medline, PubMed and CINHAL, to identify studies addressing patients or community members seeking care at PHC facilities and exploring key drivers of antimicrobial use. The Covidence web-based platform will be used for literature screening and data extraction and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist will assess the quality of qualitative papers. Anticipated results will provide an overview of the current evidence base, enabling identification of knowledge gaps. A narrative synthesis of findings will summarise key themes and patterns in patients’ knowledge, attitudes, motivations and expectations related to antibiotic use across studies while considering methodological diversity and limitations.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this scoping review. The findings of this scoping review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presentation at relevant conferences and workshops, and collaboration with policy-makers and healthcare stakeholders.
Qualitative study of patients experiences and perceptions of stepping down asthma medication in primary care across England
Authors: Bloom Chloe I , Middleton Jack , Lewis Adam 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundGuidelines recommend that asthma medication should be stepped down to the minimally effective dose that achieves symptom control. Stepping down aims to prevent adverse medication effects and unnecessary costs but is often not implemented in primary care, where most patients with asthma are managed. Little is known about the experiences and views of patients regarding stepping down.MethodsPatients with stable asthma, with regular use of a preventer inhaler, from general practitioner practices across England, participated in a survey and/or semi-structured interview. Questions explored the patient’s understanding of their asthma, views and knowledge of preventer inhalers, experiences and perceptions of stepping down asthma medication. Qualitative group-based multidisciplinary thematic analysis by two healthcare professionals and a patient were performed.Results143 patients responded to the survey, 63% were female, between the ages 18–80 years and including geographical areas across the UK, 17 of whom participated in an interview. Half of these patients with stable asthma, most with asthma for more than 10 years, had never had a discussion regarding stepping down asthma medication. Most stepping down that had occurred was related to seasonal changes in asthma control. Four overarching themes from the interviews were identified, (1) experiences of living with asthma and needing inhalers, (2) insufficient education regarding preventer inhalers, (3) stepping down is agreeable and possible and (4) current asthma care is suboptimal.ConclusionPatients with stable asthma were able to self-manage their asthma well. They had little awareness of medication adverse effects and minimal experience of having their medication stepped down by a healthcare professional. Most were inclined to step down, if clinically safe to do so, indeed some had reduced their medication doses themselves, without professional guidance.
How oscillations in SIRS epidemic models are affected by the distribution of immunity times
Authors: Nevermann Daniel Henrik , Gros Claudius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Models for resident infectious diseases, like the SIRS model, may settle into an endemic state with constant numbers of susceptible (S), infected (I) and recovered (R) individuals, where recovered individuals attain a temporary immunity to reinfection. For many infectious pathogens, infection dynamics may also show periodic outbreaks corresponding to a limit cycle in phase space. One way to reproduce oscillations in SIRS models is to include a non-exponential dwell-time distribution in the recovered state. Here, we study a SIRS model with a step-function-like kernel for the immunity time, mapping out the model’s full phase diagram. Using the kernel series framework, we are able to identify the onset of periodic outbreaks when successively broadening the step-width. We further investigate the shape of the outbreaks, finding that broader steps cause more sinusoidal oscillations while more uniform immunity time distributions are related to sharper outbreaks occurring after extended periods of low infection activity. Our main results concern recovery distributions characterized by a single dominant timescale. We also consider recovery distributions with two timescales, which may be observed when two or more distinct recovery processes co-exist. Surprisingly, two qualitatively different limit cycles are found to be stable in this case, with only one of the two limit cycles emerging via a standard supercritical Hopf bifurcation.
New strategies for probing $$B\rightarrow D^*\ell \bar{\nu }_\ell $$ lattice and experimental data
Authors: Bordone M. , Jüttner A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an analysis of the exclusive semileptonic decay

$$B\rightarrow D^*\ell \bar{\nu }_\ell $$

B
→

D
∗

ℓ

ν

¯

ℓ

based on the Belle and Belle II data made public in 2023, combined with recent lattice-QCD calculations of the hadronic transition form factors by FNAL/MILC, HPQCD and JLQCD. We also consider a new combination of the Belle and Belle II data sets by HFLAV. The analysis is based on the form-factor parameterisation by Boyd–Grinstein–Lebed (BGL), using Bayesian and frequentist statistics, for which we discuss novel strategies. We compare the results of an analysis where the BGL parameterisation is fit only to the lattice data with those from a simultaneous fit to lattice and experiment, and discuss the resulting predictions for the CKM-matrix element

$${|V_{cb}|}$$

|

V

cb

|

, as well as other phenomenological observables, such as

$$R^{\tau /\mu }(D^*)$$

R

τ
/
μ

(

D
∗

)

. We find tensions when comparing analyses based on different combinations of experimental or theoretical input, requiring the introduction of a systematic error for some of our results.
Charged particles in dipole magnetosphere of neutron stars: epicyclic oscillations in and off-equatorial plane
Authors: Vrba Jaroslav , Kološ Martin , Stuchlík Zdeněk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the motion of charged test particles around a magnetized neutron star described by the Schwarzschild gravitational field of mass M and a dipole magnetic field characterized by parameter b, representing the ratio of electromagnetic to gravitational forces. The neutron star’s radius is assumed at

$$R=3M$$

R
=
3
M

. Circular orbits “in” and “off” the equatorial plane, determined by the dipole field’s symmetry plane, are analyzed based on background and particle parameters; their stability against radial and latitudinal perturbations is established. The existence of chaotic charged particle motion in belts around off-equatorial orbits, influenced by sufficiently strong repulsive magnetic force, is demonstrated. The belts’ distance from the neutron star varies with parameter b for different charged particles. Frequencies of epicyclic oscillatory motion related to “in” and “off” equatorial circular orbits, alongside the orbital frequency, are determined. The magnetically modified geodesic model is applied to fit observational data from twin-peak, high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in binary systems containing neutron stars. Rough fitting to the data for circular orbits for particles under magnetic attraction (repulsion) is shown. The possible fittings imply strong limits on the magnetic parameter,

$$b \sim 0.01$$

b
∼
0.01

(

$$b \sim -10$$

b
∼
-
10

) for magnetic attraction (repulsion), suggesting minor influence of electromagnetic forces and test particles with small specific charges like dust or plasmoids in strong magnetic fields around neutron stars.
Initial approaches for establishing of the fast neutron radiography with PADC material
Authors: Filová Vendula , Vrban Branislav , Blahušiak Pavol , Čerba Štefan , Lüley Jakub , Glavo Otto , Nečas Vladimír 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fast neutron radiography appears as a promising tool for large industrial components testing. The solid-state nuclear track detectors made of poly-allyl diglycol carbonate may be an alternative imaging tool. The presented work aimed to identify the main parameters necessary for the performance of fast neutron imaging using a DD neutron source. The parameters were determined using simulations in MCNP and Track

$$\_$$

_

P, and experiments performed with the Pu–Be neutron source. The thickness of the polyethylene radiator, the etching conditions, and the method of scanning of the resultant image were proposed.
Extremely Low-resolution RFID Vision for Real-time and Visually-anonymized Action Recognition
Authors: Shin Hyeonho , Shim Seungwoo , Cho Myeongkyun , Lee Youngki , Shin Jinwoo , Kim Song Min 
Published: February 2025

Despite the potential of vision-based personal monitoring (e.g., healthcare), private data leakage concerns hinder its wide deployment in personal spaces (e.g., bedrooms). A body of data anonymization designs was proposed throughout image processing and federated learning. They commonly store high-quality images and videos locally, which are anonymized via post-processing before cloud upload. However, the recent IoT camera hacking and local data leakage call for anonymized data at the sensing stage. Also, continuous and pervasive monitoring without blind spots in complicated indoor spaces requires a scalable and economic system. This paper presents
Mosaic
, a vision-based end-to-end action recognition framework that (i) intrinsically achieves data anonymity from the sensing stage and (ii) battery-free operation for blind spot-free continuous monitoring.
Mosaic
leverages an extremely low resolution (eLR) Near-Infrared (NIR) image sensor with 6 × 10 pixels for video anonymity and an RFID-compliant fully-passive tag with four solar cells for real-time eLR video streaming under as low as 30 lux (e.g., deep in the shelf without direct light). This is accompanied by a lightweight action recognition neural network for real-time inference (18.4
ms
on Intel(R) Core i7-8700).
Mosaic
achieves an average of 98% accuracy on 10 action classes, hitting the balance between data anonymity and high-precision action recognition. Taking advantage of the NIR (non-visible) frequency,
Mosaic
also works in the dark without disturbing sleep. Lastly, wildfire detection reaching 20
m
was demonstrated, showcasing the potential for outdoor monitoring.
Clinic Examination and Gene Diagnosis for a Birt–Hogg–Dubé Syndrome Family With a Novel flcn Frameshift Mutation Causing Nonsense‐Mediated mRNA Degradation
Authors: Xu Yang , Gao Jie , An Yang , Zou Chenxi , Ding Guoqing , Yang Guohua 
Published: February 2025

Background: Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD) was an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the folliculin (FLCN) gene and characterized by benign cutaneous fibrofolliculomas in the head and neck, pulmonary cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and combined renal tumors.Methods: This study reported a familial case presenting multiple pulmonary bullae, recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, diffuse cystic lesions in both lungs, and renal cysts. To further clarify the diagnosis, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in conjunction with the clinical diagnostic criteria for Birt–Hogg–Dubé. The eukaryotic recombinant expression vectors of pEGFP‐C1‐FLCN and knock‐in FLCN mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 were conducted in 293 T and BEAS‐2B cell lines. The mRNA and protein expression of the FLCN mutation were verified by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot assay. Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) assays and immunohistochemical assays were conducted to elucidate the pathogenicity of the mutation and explore potential mechanisms.Results: A unique, novel, unspecified significance FLCN mutation NM_144997.7: c.21_22del (p. Cys8 Profs ∗28) in Exon 4 was detected in both patients. The results demonstrated that the newly identified FLCN frameshift mutation significantly decreased FLCN mRNA and protein expression. The NMD complex recognized and degraded mRNAs containing a premature termination codon (PTC) in the open reading frame of the FLCN frameshift mutation, resulting in haploinsufficiency and ultimately contributing to the manifestation of BHD. Protein expression on the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), Wnt/β‐catenin, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways by immunohistochemistry indicated that FLCN frameshift mutations were responsible for BHD through the activation of AMPK, Wnt/β‐catenin, and mTOR signaling pathways.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that a novel FLCN frameshift mutation was responsible for the pathogenesis of BHD and preliminarily demonstrated that FLCN causes BHD through the AMPK, Wnt/β‐catenin, and mTOR signaling pathways.