bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interior Operators and Their Relationship to Autocatalytic Networks
Authors: Steel Mike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emergence of an autocatalytic network from an available set of elements is a fundamental step in early evolutionary processes, such as the origin of metabolism. Given the set of elements, the reactions between them (chemical or otherwise), and with various elements catalysing certain reactions, a Reflexively Autocatalytic F-generated (RAF) set is a subset R$$'$$

′

of reactions that is self-generating from a given food set, and with each reaction in R$$'$$

′

being catalysed from within R$$'$$

′

. RAF theory has been applied to various phenomena in theoretical biology, and a key feature of the approach is that it is possible to efficiently identify and classify RAFs within large systems. This is possible because RAFs can be described as the (nonempty) subsets of the reactions that are the fixed points of an (efficiently computable) interior map that operates on subsets of reactions. Although the main generic results concerning RAFs can be derived using just this property, we show that for systems with at least 12 reactions there are generic results concerning RAFs that cannot be proven using the interior operator property alone.
Ecosystem services in coffee agroforestry: their potential to improve labour efficiency amongst smallholder coffee producers
Authors: Tilden Geraldine Mary , Aranka Jonah Nugu , Curry George Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the potential labour efficiencies and socio-cultural benefits of agroforestry for coffee smallholders practising low input production strategies. Employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, our case study of coffee smallholders in the highlands of Papua New Guinea, shows that despite managing very small holdings of coffee trees (< 500 trees), productivity is challenged by labour shortages and by very low levels of farm inputs. Constraints on labour supply include barriers to mobilising women’s labour; competition for labour from alternative livelihoods; the absence of a market in hired labour; and the time, labour and income demands of the indigenous socio-economy. The indigenous social economy draws heavily on smallholders’ time, labour and coffee income, to the extent that there is little labour for coffee garden maintenance and little coffee income invested in other farm inputs. To address these input shortfalls we explore the potential of ecosystem services from shade-grown coffee to generate labour efficiencies to partly fill some of the unmet maintenance requirements of coffee gardens and to partly fill the role of other farm inputs. Coffee extension must become more holistic and consider smallholder families’ diverse livelihoods and recognise the enduring nature of the low input production strategy, its socio-cultural value, its role in determining life quality, and thus its resistance to change. Extension must align with, rather than challenge, the low input production strategy to promote the potential labour efficiencies and benefits of agroforestry to create more resilient, sustainable and culturally-enriching coffee-based farming systems.
Effects of Hydrogen Enrichment on Thermoacoustic and Helical Instabilities in Swirl Stabilised Partially Premixed Flames
Authors: Kumar Ankit D. , Massey James C. , Boxx Isaac , Swaminathan Nedunchezhian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe effects of hydrogen enrichment on flame and flow dynamics of a swirl-stabilised partially premixed methane-air flame are studied using large eddy simulation. The sub-grid reaction rate is modelled using unstrained premixed flamelets and a presumed joint probability density function approach. Two cases undergoing thermoacoustic oscillations at ambient conditions are studied. The addition of hydrogen modifies both thermoacoustic and fluid dynamical characteristics. The amplitude of the fundamental thermoacoustic mode increases with the addition of 20% hydrogen by volume. A second pressure mode associated with the chamber mode is also excited with the hydrogen addition. Intermittent single, double and triple helical instabilities are observed in the pure methane case, but are suppressed substantially with hydrogen addition. The results are analysed in detail to shed light on these observations. The feedback loop responsible for the thermoacoustic instability is driven by mixture fraction perturbations resulting from the unequal impedances of the fuel and air channels. It is shown that hydrogen addition increases the flame’s sensitivity to these perturbations, resulting in an increase in amplitude. This higher amplitude thermoacoustic oscillation, along with a higher local heat release rate in the presence of hydrogen, is shown to considerably modify the flow structures, leading to a suppression of the helical instabilities.
Attributing historical streamflow changes in the Jhelum River basin to climate change
Authors: Javed Mustafa , Didovets Iulii , Böhner Jürgen , Hasson Shabeh ul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmid a heated debate on what are possible and what are plausible climate futures, ascertaining evident changes that are attributable to historical climate change can provide a clear understanding of how warmer climates will shape our future habitability. Hence, we detect changes in the streamflow simulated using three different datasets for the historical period (1901–2019) and analyze whether these changes can be attributed to observed climate change. For this, we first calibrate and validate the Soil and Water Integrated Model and then force it with factual (observed) and counterfactual (baseline) climates presented in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3a protocol. We assessed the differences in simulated streamflow driven by the factual and counterfactual climates by comparing their trend changes ascertained using the Modified Mann–Kendall test on monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales. In contrast to no trend for counterfactual climate, our results suggest that mean annual streamflow under factual climate features statistically significant decreasing trends, which are − 5.6, − 3.9, and − 1.9 m3s−1 for the 20CRv3-w5e5, 20CRv3, and GSWP3-w5e5 datasets, respectively. Such trends, which are more pronounced after the 1960s, for summer, and for high flows can be attributed to the weakening of the monsoonal precipitation regime in the factual climate. Further, discharge volumes in the recent factual climate dropped compared to the early twentieth-century climate, especially prominently during summer and mainly for high flows whereas earlier shifts found in the center of volume timings are due to early shifts in the nival regime. These findings clearly suggest a critical role of monsoonal precipitation in disrupting the hydrological regime of the Jhelum River basin in the future.
Construction of a novel kinetic model for the production process of a CVA6 VLP vaccine in CHO cells
Authors: Xing Zhou , Nguyen Thao Bich , Kanai-Bai Guirong , Yamano-Adachi Noriko , Omasa Takeshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBioprocess development benefits from kinetic models in many aspects, including scale-up, optimization, and process understanding. However, current models are unable to simulate the production process of a coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine using Chinese hamster ovary cell culture. In this study, a novel kinetic model was constructed, correlating (1) cell growth, death, and lysis kinetics, (2) metabolism of major metabolites, and (3) CVA6 VLP production. To construct the model, two batches of a laboratory-scale 2 L bioreactor cell culture were prepared and various pH shift strategies were applied to examine the effect of pH shift. The proposed model described the experimental data under various conditions with high accuracy and quantified the effect of pH shift. Next, cell culture performance with various pH shift timings was predicted by the calibrated model. A trade-off relationship was found between product yield and quality. Consequently, multiple objective optimization was performed by integrating desirability methodology with model simulation. Finally, the optimal operating conditions that balanced product yield and quality were predicted. In general, the proposed model improved the process understanding and enabled in silico process development of a CVA6 VLP vaccine.
The Theory of Immersive Collaborative Learning (TICOL)
Authors: Makransky Guido , Petersen Gustav Bøg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe need to virtually collaborate across distributed locations has drastically increased. Developments such as the COVID-19 pandemic and new IT platforms like the metaverse have spurred a host of new immersive social applications that are accessed through head-mounted displays. This is expected to stimulate a surge in research on extended reality–supported collaborative learning (XRCL) which refers to distributed collaboration situations where immersive technology such as head-mounted displays are used as a medium for collaborative learning. The primary aim of this article is to critically examine the potential pedagogical benefits and limitations of using XRCL with the objective of developing a theoretical framework that describes the fundamental factors that make immersive collaborative learning unique: the theory of immersive collaborative learning (TICOL). In TICOL, we propose that technological features, social affordances, and pedagogical techniques can foster four psychological factors that we define as fundamentally different in XRCL compared to collaboration that occurs through traditional systems (e.g., laptops): social presence, physical presence, body ownership, and agency. These are central factors that we hypothesize can transform the processes and contexts of collaboration through their influence on the quality of cognitive and socio-emotional social interaction, the social space, and ultimately learning outcomes. Since XRCL research is in its infancy, we hope that TICOL can provide a theoretical basis for developing the field by motivating researchers to empirically challenge and build on our hypotheses and ultimately develop a deeper understanding of if and how immersive media influences collaborative learning.
Phonetic correlates to Khalkha Mongolian vowel contrasts: duration, formants and voice quality
Authors: Kenstowicz Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe paper reports the results of an analysis of acoustic correlates to phonological contrasts in vowel length, quality and pharyngeal width with data from five native speakers of the Khalkh dialect. The study replicates Svantesson’s (1985) discovery of a chain-shift rotation of the round vowels in their presumed evolution from Classical Mongolian. Analysis with VoiceSauce (Shue et al. in: Proceedings of the ICPhS XVII, 1846–1849, 2009) finds that in addition to the first formant, the harmonics-to-noise ratio is a reliable indicator of the ATR versus RTR contrast that has been hypothesized to be the basis of the language’s vowel harmony.
Studying a mathematics teacher’s documentational and identity trajectories over time
Authors: Psycharis Giorgos , Skott Charlotte Krog 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the interactions over 22 years between one mathematics teacher and his resources for teaching, especially digital ones, with a dual focus on the teacher’s documentational and identity trajectories and professional development. We combined a theoretical framework on teachers’ work with resources—documentational approach to didactics (DAD)—with a framework based on social practice theory—patterns of participation (PoP). The DAD analysis provided rich descriptions of which digital resources the teacher interacted with and of the transformative evolution of these interactions over time. The PoP analysis offered explanations of how and why the teacher transformed his interactions with the resources through foregrounding affective and contextual factors as significant for the teacher’s formation of identity. We conclude that the combination of the two frameworks provided deeper and complementary insights into the teacher’s long-term professional development with digital resources, and that such networking is needed to develop balanced understandings of teachers’ long-term interactions with digital resources.
Flexible Bayesian Inference for Diffusion Processes using Splines
Authors: Jenkins Paul A. , Pollock Murray , Roberts Gareth O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe introduce a flexible method to simultaneously infer both the drift and volatility functions of a discretely observed scalar diffusion. We introduce spline bases to represent these functions and develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to infer, a posteriori, the coefficients of these functions in the spline basis. A key innovation is that we use spline bases to model transformed versions of the drift and volatility functions rather than the functions themselves. The output of the algorithm is a posterior sample of plausible drift and volatility functions that are not constrained to any particular parametric family. The flexibility of this approach provides practitioners a powerful investigative tool, allowing them to posit a variety of parametric models to better capture the underlying dynamics of their processes of interest. We illustrate the versatility of our method by applying it to challenging datasets from finance, paleoclimatology, and astrophysics. In view of the parametric diffusion models widely employed in the literature for those examples, some of our results are surprising since they call into question some aspects of these models.
Space-time rigid multibody dynamics
Authors: Hesch C. , Glas S. , Schuß S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, we apply space-time formulation on constrained rigid body dynamics. In particular, we discretize directly Hamilton’s principle using appropriate space-time approximation spaces for the variational problem. Moreover, we make use of a rotationless formulation for the rigid bodies, and thus we have to define appropriate approximation spaces for the Lagrange multipliers as well. Moreover, we make use of Livens’ principle, introducing independent quantities for the position, velocity, and momentum, where the latter can be considered as Lagrange multipliers, and we apply this concept to the space-time rigid body formulation. Finally, we demonstrate the convergence of the different approaches and the superiority in terms of computational effort, and thus total energy consumption of dynamical simulations.
Flood resilience assessment from the perspective of urban (in)formality in Surat, India: Implications for sustainable development
Authors: Jamshed Ali , Patel Chirag , Puriya Anshul , Iqbal Nimra , Rana Irfan Ahmad , McMillan Joanna M. , Pandey Rajiv , Altaf Shahbaz , Mehmood Rana Tahir , Saad Umair bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrbanization has resulted in increasing the pace of informality, specifically in developing countries like India. Informality is taking place at locations that are exposed to various hazards, and therefore, resilience building of both informal and formal settlements is needed to achieve sustainable development. Resilience assessment is key in defining appropriate area-specific resilience measures. Given that, this research assesses the resilience of formal and informal settlements of Surat city in India and presents implications for sustainable development. To assess resilience, an indicator-based approach was taken, using a household survey to collect the data. Analysis suggests that the resilience of formal and informal settlements is significantly different. Key differences were found in physical and institutional resilience, where informal settlements were found to be significantly less resilient than formal settlements. Several measures, such as gender-sensitive education and livelihood programs, as well as mobile water and sanitation, have positive implications for sustainable development. Overall, the study can guide disaster managers and policy makers to adopt a strategic and more targeted approach to strengthen resilience and achieve sustainable development.
Motion planning and stabilization of nonholonomic systems using gradient flow approximations
Authors: Grushkovskaya Victoria , Zuyev Alexander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNonlinear control-affine systems described by ordinary differential equations with time-varying vector fields are considered in the paper. We propose a unified control design scheme with oscillating inputs for solving the trajectory tracking and stabilization problems under the bracket-generating condition. This methodology is based on the approximation of a gradient-like dynamics by trajectories of the designed closed-loop system. As an intermediate outcome, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the considered class of nonlinear control systems with oscillating inputs under rather general assumptions on the generating potential function. These results are applied to examples of nonholonomic trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance.
CO2 Dissociation in Barrier Corona Discharges: Effect of Elevated Pressures in CO2/Ar Mixtures
Authors: Mahdikia Hamed , Brüser Volker , Schiorlin Milko , Brandenburg Ronny 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe formation of carbon monoxide, oxygen and ozone in a barrier corona discharge (BCD) operating in pure carbon dioxide (CO2) and binary mixtures of CO2 and argon is studied. The asymmetric electrode configuration of the BCDs allows plasma operation at pressures exceeding 1 atm, up to 6 bar, at moderate high-voltage amplitudes below 15 kV. Charge–voltage plots and an equivalent circuit model are employed to characterize the electrical parameters at different pressures and gas compositions. Depending on these conditions and the voltage amplitude, full or partial coverage of the electrodes with plasma is obtained. The existence of an optimum pressure for power dissipation for each given operation voltage amplitude and gas composition can be confirmed and explained by the equivalent circuit model. Increasing the CO2 concentration in the working gas increases the mean reduced electric field strength E/N while pressure reduces it in the BCD. The CO2 conversion shows a maximum efficiency of about 4% at 1.5 bar for the gas mixture Ar/CO2 = 1:1 and a voltage amplitude of about 10 kV. The calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium parameters reveals that a relatively small increase in pressure can affect both, the equilibrium parameters and the reaction rates. As a result, the specific required energy for the reaction ($$\Delta \mathrm{H}/\mathrm{SEI}$$

Δ
H
/
SEI

) shows an optimum, but only 8% of the electrical input energy is spent for CO2 dissociation at these optimum conditions.
A concept elicitation study to understand the relationship between sleep and pain in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Raymond Kimberly , Chen Wen-Hung , Bracher Marguerite , Foster April , Lovley Andrew , Saucier Cory , Jackson Kristi , McDermott Eleanor J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This qualitative study (GSK study: 213635) was designed to better understand sleep disturbance as experienced by individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and the relationship between sleep disturbance and pain and other aspects of the disease and disease activity.

Methods
Sixty-minute, one-on-one, concept elicitation interviews were conducted with 30 participants (15 with RA and 15 with axSpA) from the US. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed to explore themes related to pain and sleep disturbance, and relationships among those themes.

Results
Pain was a prominent driver of sleep disturbance; 12 participants with RA (80%) and 14 with axSpA (93%) reported that pain impacted their ability to fall asleep, while all 15 with RA (100%) and 14 with axSpA (93%) reported that pain impacted their ability to stay asleep. Two-thirds of participants with RA (67%) or axSpA (60%) described a bi-directional relationship, whereby pain worsened sleep disturbance and sleep disturbance further aggravated pain. Factors other than pain, such as fatigue and emotional health, were also reported as important contributors to sleep disturbance (RA: n = 12/15, 80%; axSpA: n = 14/15, 93%). Participants with RA or axSpA described complex interconnections between fatigue, emotional health, pain, and sleep, often labeling these relationships as “vicious cycles”. Notably, half of all participants reported sleep disturbance occurring without pain or other understood causes.

Conclusion
These perspectives collected from people with RA or axSpA suggest that reducing sleep disruption directly may offer clinically relevant benefits.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after different axillary treatments in women with breast cancer: a 1-year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Vrancken Peeters N. J. M. C. , Kaplan Z. L. R. , Clarijs M. E. , Mureau M. A. M. , Verhoef C. , van Dalen T. , Husson O. , Koppert L. B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
As life expectancy continues to rise, post-treatment health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of breast cancer patients becomes increasingly important. This study examined the one-year longitudinal relation between axillary treatments and physical, psychosocial, and sexual wellbeing and arm symptoms.

Methods
Women diagnosed with breast cancer who received different axillary treatments being axilla preserving surgery (APS) with or without axillary radiotherapy or full axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with or without axillary radiotherapy were included. HRQoL was assessed at baseline, 6- and 12-months postoperatively using the BREAST-Q and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire Breast Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-BR23). Mixed regression models were constructed to assess the impact of axillary treatment on HRQoL. HRQoL at baseline was compared to HRQoL at 6- and at 12-months postoperatively.

Results
In total, 552 patients were included in the mixed regressions models. Except for ALND with axillary radiotherapy, no significant differences in physical and psychosocial wellbeing were found. Physical wellbeing decreased significantly between baseline and 6- and 12-months postoperatively (p < 0.001, p = 0.035) and psychosocial wellbeing decreased significantly between baseline and 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.028) for ALND with axillary radiotherapy compared to APS alone. Arm symptoms increased significantly between baseline and 6 months and between baseline and 12 months postoperatively for APS with radiotherapy (12.71, 13.73) and for ALND with radiotherapy (13.93, 16.14), with the lowest increase in arm symptoms for ALND without radiotherapy (6.85, 7.66), compared to APS alone (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Physical and psychosocial wellbeing decreased significantly for ALND with radiotherapy compared to APS alone. Shared decision making and expectation management pre-treatment could be strengthened by discussing arm symptoms per axillary treatment with the patient.