bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A self calibrating, magnetic sensor approach accurately positions an aortic damage control stent in a porcine model
Authors: Kenawy Dahlia M , Zhang Yifan , Elsisy Moataz , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Chun Youngjae , Clark William C , Tillman Bryan W 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesNon-compressible torso hemorrhage remains a high mortality injury, with difficulty mobilizing resources before exsanguination. Previous studies reported on a retrievable stent graft for damage control and morphometric algorithms for rapid placement, yet fluoroscopy is impractical for the austere environment. We hypothesized that magnetic sensors could be used to position stents relative to an external magnet placed on an anatomic landmark, whereas an electromagnet would allow self-calibration to account for environmental noise.MethodsA magnetic sensor alone (MSA) and with integrated stent (MSIS) were examined in a porcine model under anesthesia. A target electromagnet was placed on the xiphoid process (position 0 cm). Sensors were placed in the aorta and measurements obtained at positions 0 cm, +4 cm, and +12 cm from the magnet and compared with fluoroscopy. Sensors were examined under conditions of tachycardia/hypertension, hypotension, vibration, and metal shrapnel to simulate environmental factors that might impact accuracy. General linear models compared mean differences between fluoroscopy and sensor readings.ResultsBoth sensors were compatible with a 10 French catheter system and provided real-time assessment of the distance between the sensor and magnetic target in centimeters. Mean differences between fluoroscopy and both magnetic sensor readings demonstrated accuracy within ±0.5 cm for all but one condition at 0 cm and +4 cm, whereas accuracy decreased at +12 cm from the target. Using the control as a reference, there was no significant difference in mean differences between fluoroscopy and both MSA or MSIS readings at 0 cm and +4 cm for all conditions. The system retained effectiveness if the target was overshot.ConclusionMagnetic sensors achieved the highest accuracy as sensors approached the target. Oscillation of the electromagnet on and off effectively accounts for environmental noise.This approach is promising for rapid and accurate placement of damage control retrievable stent grafts when fluoroscopy is impractical.Level of evidenceNot applicable.
First search for resonant enhanced neutrinoless double electron capture in $$^{152}$$Gd and other rare decays in natural Gd isotopes
Authors: Laubenstein M. , Lehnert B. , Nagorny S. S. , Nisi S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA first search for rare decays of gadolinium isotopes was performed with an ultra-low background high-purity germanium detector at Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (Italy). A 198 g $$\hbox {Gd}_2$$

Gd
2

$$\hbox {O}_3$$

O
3

powder sample was measured for 63.8 d with a total Gd exposure of 12.6 kg $$\times $$
×
d. $$^{152}$$

152

Gd is the most promising isotope for resonant enhanced neutrinoless double electron capture which could significantly increase the decay rate over other neutrinoless double beta decay processes. The half-life for this decay was constrained to $$>4.2\times 10^{12}$$

>
4.2
×

10
12

year (90% credibility). This limit is still orders of magnitude away from theoretical predictions but it is the first established limit on the transition paving the way for future experiments. In addition, other rare alpha and double beta decay modes were investigated in $$^{152}$$

152

Gd, $$^{154}$$

154

Gd, and $$^{160}$$

160

Gd with half-life limits in the range of $$10^{17-20}$$

10

17
-
20

year.
Transparency-Check: An Instrument for the Study and Design of Transparency in AI-based Personalization Systems
Authors: Schelenz Laura , Segal Avi , Adelio Oduma , Gal Kobi 
Published: December 2023

As AI-based systems become commonplace in our daily lives, they need to provide understandable information to their users about how they collect, process, and output information that concerns them. The importance of such transparency practices has gained significance due to recent ethical guidelines and regulation, as well as research suggesting a positive relationship between the transparency of AI-based systems and users’ satisfaction. This article provides a new tool for the design and study of transparency in AI-based systems that use personalization. The tool, called Transparency-Check, is based on a checklist of questions about transparency in four areas of a system: input (data collection), processing (algorithmic models), output (personalized recommendations), and user control (user feedback mechanisms to adjust elements of the system). Transparency-Check can be used by researchers, designers, and end users of computer systems.
To demonstrate the usefulness of Transparency-Check from a researcher’s perspective, we collected the responses of 108 student participants who used the transparency checklist to rate five popular real-world systems (Amazon, Facebook, Netflix, Spotify, and YouTube). Based on users’ subjective evaluations, the systems showed low compliance with transparency standards, with some nuances about individual categories (specifically data collection, processing, and user control). We use these results to compile design recommendations for improving transparency in AI-based systems, such as integrating information about the system’s behavior during the user’s interactions with it.
Development of Effervescent Tablets Containing Elderberry Vine Tea Compound and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Sun Wanhao 
Published: December 2023

Elderberry and vine tea, renowned for their wealth of bioactive constituents and potent antioxidant prowess, hold remarkable promise within a wide array of culinary contexts. This study presents a pioneering advancement in the realm of compound effervescent tablet formulation. Employing the response surface design optimization, this work develops a formulation comprising a total disintegrant (acid-to-base ratio 1.3 : 1) at 50%, elderberry extracts at 31.7%, ultra-micro vine tea powder at 8.3%, stevioside at 3.4%, PEG-6000 at 2.7%, mannitol at 2.9%, and PVP at 1%. Under these carefully optimized conditions, the resultant tablet exhibits remarkable attributes including an average disintegration time of

184.50
±
4.65

s

, foaming quantity of

30.64
±
2.10

mg
/
g

, and tablet hardness measuring

54.59
±
3.41

N

, with a weight uniformity well within the ±5%. Regarding the antioxidant efficacy, the total flavonoid content attains

76.79
±
3.76

mg

RE/g, and phenolic content reaches

94.84
±
4.95

mg

GAE
/
g

. Moreover, the

E

C

50

values for scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrohydrazine (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), and 2, 2

′

-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) radicals are determined at 0.4667 mg/mL, 0.9772 mg/mL, and 0.5014 mg/mL, respectively. This investigation underscores the performance of the effervescent tablet in satisfying stringent physicochemical standards, while also showcasing outstanding antioxidant potency, paving the way for the advancement of antioxidant-functional foods and sustainable exploitation of natural resources.
Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp. wurmbii) ranging pattern in Punggualas, Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: Panda Adventus , Meididit Ari , Simon Okta , Artama Wayan Tunas , Priyowidodo Dwi , Djohan Tjut Sugandawaty 
Published: December 2023

Punggualas lies in the western part of Sebangau National Park (SNP). It is a logged-over forest, yet it is one of the major strongholds for the P. p. wurmbii population in the SNP. The range size, as well as the ranging pattern for Punggualas, has never been conducted. The study aimed to estimate orangutan ranging size and pattern as well as their distribution over the Punggualas forest. Ranging data within the area of interest (AOI) was collected from Feb 2015 – Dec 2019 (P1), and Mar 2020 – May 2022 (P2). Minimum convex polygon (MCP), range size of orangutan individual was calculated using adehabitatHR package in RStudio 4.1.1 for Windows. We visualized the distribution in ArcGIS 10.5 with Kernel Density (KD) tool. The range size of Mother-Infant is the greatest (259,6 Ha) among all individuals being studied within the study periods. Moreover, the size estimation was found greater in Mother-Infant sex class compared to other orangutan studies areas, such as Peat Natural Laboratory, and CIMTROP-UPR which reported a flanged male HR Size reaching 250 Ha per annum. We have found that the ranging pattern significantly changes over the study period. However, during P1, the distribution area was located within the northern of AOI, while in the P2 have changed to the south-eastern part of the AOI. We concluded that the ranging pattern indeed follows the fruit availability as well as fine-scale habitat quality.
Disordered Balance of T‐Cell Subsets in Arterial Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Immunoglobulin G4–Related Vascular Disease
Authors: Kasashima Satomi , Kawashima Atsuhiro , Kurose Nozomu , Ozaki Satoru , Kasashima Fuminori , Matsumoto Yasushi , Takemura Hirofumi , Ikeda Hiroko , Harada Ken‐ichi 
Published: December 2023

Background
Arterial/aortic tertiary lymphoid organs (ATLOs), characterized by germinal centers, control local arterial immune responses. T follicular helper cells (Tfh), resident in germinal centers, regulate immunoglobulin production and germinal center development. They consist of Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 subsets. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells possess suppressive functions as regulatory T cells and migrate into germinal centers. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related diseases manifest in vascular lesions as frequently formed inflammatory aneurysms (IgG4‐related abdominal aortic aneurysm [IgG4‐AAAs]). IgG4‐AAAs contain several ATLOs.

Methods and Results
We performed whole‐slide immunohistochemical image analysis in surgical specimens of IgG4‐AAAs (n=21), non–IgG4‐related inflammatory AAAs (n=17), atherosclerotic AAAs (n=10), and Takayasu arteritis (n=5). IgG4‐AAA was characterized by numerous, large, irregular‐shaped ATLOs, and higher numbers of Tfr and Tfh2 cells than Tfh1 cells were present compared with others. The morphologic abnormalities (in number, area, and form) of ATLOs in IgG4‐AAAs and the increased number of Tfr cells are closely related to the activity of IgG4‐related diseases. All T‐cell subsets were more enriched within ATLOs than outside ATLOs. In particular, an increase in Tfr cells in IgG4‐AAAs was associated with ATLO formation. Increased Tfh17 cells were found in Takayasu arteritis, and atherosclerotic AAA and non–IgG4‐related inflammatory AAAs were characterized by increased Tfh1 cells.

Conclusions
In the classification of vascular lesions, considering the imbalance in T‐cell subsets, IgG4‐AAA should be positioned as adventitial vasculitis with predominant Tfr and Tfh2 cells, accompanied by the abnormal appearance of ATLOs.
Associations Between Life's Essential 8 and Abdominal Aortic Calcification Among Middle‐Aged and Elderly Populations
Authors: Cai Zongao , Liu Zaoqu , Zhang Yuyuan , Ma Hongxuan , Li Ruihui , Guo Shuang , Wu Shiyong , Guo Xueli 
Published: December 2023

Background
Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aim to examine the associations between Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the recently updated measurement of cardiovascular health (CVH), and AAC among participants aged ≥40 years.

Methods and Results
This population‐based cross‐sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013 to 2014. AAC (AAC score>0) and severe AAC (AAC score>6) were quantified by the Kauppila score system. Multiple linear, multivariable logistic, and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the associations. A total of 2369 participants were included with a mean AAC score of 1.41 (0.13). Participants in the high‐cardiovascular‐health group had lower AAC scores, lower prevalence of AAC, and lower prevalence of severe AAC. After the adjustment of potential confounders (age, sex, race and ethnicity, education levels, marital status, poverty income ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, serum phosphorus, and serum total calcium), higher cardiovascular health was significantly associated with lower risk of AAC. Meanwhile, elevated nicotine exposure score, blood glucose score, and blood pressure score within the LE8 components were significantly associated with lower risk of AAC. Also, nonlinear dose–response relationships were observed. Subgroup analyses (age strata, sex, poverty income ratio, education levels, marital status) indicated the inverse associations of LE8 and AAC were generally similar in different populations.

Conclusions
LE8 was negatively and nonlinearly related to the risk of AAC among middle‐aged and older populations. Meanwhile, LE8 components should prioritize higher scores for nicotine exposure, blood glucose, and blood pressure evaluations.
Cumulative Blood Pressure in Early Adulthood and Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness in Middle Age Among Adults With Maintained Blood Pressure of <130/80 mm Hg: A Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Masrouri Soroush , Afaghi Siamak , Khalili Davood , Shapiro Michael D. , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: December 2023

Background
To examine the association of blood pressure (BP) levels with coronary artery calcium and carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) in people with maintained BP below the hypertension range based on current definitions.

Methods and Results

In this post hoc analysis of the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) prospective observational cohort study conducted in 4 US cities, we examined 1233 study participants (mean [SD] age at year 20 examination was 45.3 [3.5] years; 65.4% women). Participants with BP assessments across 20 years and untreated BP of <130/80 mm Hg were included. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race, education, diabetes, body mass index, serum creatinine, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, were used to examine the associations between cumulative BP measures with coronary artery calcium and CIMT. Higher long‐term cumulative systolic BP and pulse pressure across early adulthood were associated with higher CIMT (both
P
<0.001) but not coronary artery calcium in the multivariable‐adjusted model. The associations remained significant even after adjustment for a single BP measurement at year 0 or year 20. The odds ratio (OR) of a maximal CIMT >1.01 mm was ≈50% higher per 1‐SD increase in systolic BP (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.19–1.88]) and pulse pressure (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.19–1.79]). Similar findings for CIMT were observed among individuals with a coronary artery calcium score of 0 as well as those with maintained BP of <120/80 mm Hg throughout young adulthood.

Conclusions
Long‐term cumulative systolic BP and pulse pressure across early adulthood within the nonhypertensive range were associated with adverse midlife alterations in CIMT.
The Role of Translation in Enacting Multiscalar Climate Action: Insights from European Christian Faith-Based Actors
Authors: van Veelen Bregje , Hague Alice 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The complex nature of climate change requires action at different scales and in different ways, but questions remain around how to produce climate action that is both multiscalar and joined up. Here we explore this question by adopting a relational approach to studying climate action by faith-based actors, who increasingly play an active role campaigning on climate action. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork with representatives of Christian churches in Sweden, Belgium, Scotland, and England, we identify two interrelated processes that explain how climate action “travels”: first, through horizontal circulation (between faith-based and non-faith-based spheres), and second, through vertical circulation (across individual, local, national, and international levels). However, such processes are not without friction. We demonstrate how processes of “translation” can ensure the integration of climate action into new contexts and result in producing new scalar relations but also exclusions. In doing so, we advance understandings of how multiscalar climate action is produced by nonstate actors.
Induced Innovation and International Environmental Agreements: Evidence from the Ozone Regime
Authors: Dugoua Eugenie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper revisits one of the rare success stories in global environmental cooperation: the Montreal Protocol and the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and argue that agreements can indeed be useful in solving global public goods problems. This contrasts with game-theoretical predictions that agreements occur only when costs to the players are low and with the often-heard narrative that substitutes were readily available. I reconcile theory and empirics by discussing the role of induced innovation in models of environmental agreements.
Human Capital and the Managerial Revolution in the United States: Evidence from General Electric
Authors: Nicholas Tom 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper estimates the returns to human capital accumulation during the first era of mega-firms in the United States by linking employees at General Electric—a canonical enterprise associated with the “visible hand” of managerial hierarchies—to the 1940 census. I find large returns to higher education through seniority in the hierarchy, span of control, earnings, and selection into management training, using the proximity of land-grant colleges and historical universities to birth states for identification. The findings highlight the human capital determinants of the managerial revolution at a prominent firm, driven by earlier public investments in the US education system.
How Flexible Is That Functional Form? Quantifying the Restrictiveness of Theories
Authors: Fudenberg Drew , Gao Wayne , Liang Annie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We propose a restrictiveness measure for economic models based on how well they fit pre-defined synthetic data. This measure, together with a measure for how well the model fits real data, outlines a Pareto frontier, where models that rule out more regularities, yet capture the regularities that are present in real data, are preferred. To illustrate our approach, we evaluate the restrictiveness of models in two laboratory settings—certainty equivalents and initial play—and one field setting—takeup of microfinance in Indian villages. The restrictiveness measure reveals insights about each, including that some economic models with only a few parameters are very flexible.
The Loss of the Greek Literary Society in Constantinople: The Dismantling of an Institution, Displacement of a Library, and Dissolution of an Intellectual Hub
Authors: Sümertaş Firuzan Melike 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The conditions that paved the way for the population exchange, the unrest created by rising nationalism in Turkey and Greece, and the subsequent search for a homogeneous population on both sides of the Aegean had a direct impact on Istanbul’s intellectual environment, its artistic and literary production, and its architecture, in which Greeks had played a significant role. This article examines the main physical and intellectual properties of the Greek Literary Society in Constantinople, its headquarters in Pera, its library and archive, and their afterlives following their confiscation by Turkish officials. By focusing on the effects of the departure of renowned scholars from Istanbul, particularly those who had conducted archeological research, it discusses the extent of the knowledge and property accumulated within the Greek Literary Society’s circles and evaluates their loss, transportation, and transformation as “cultural (material and human) and social capital” and “brain drain.”
Barrier zone formation and development in the stems of Aquilaria sinensis (Thymelaeaceae) and the effect on agarwood formation
Authors: Liu Peiwei , Zhang Yuxiu , Yang Yun , Lin Xingning , Lin Songning , Deng Yanqing , Chen Bo , Wei Jianhe 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Barrier and reaction zones are core parts of compartmentalization in trees. However, little is known about the relationship between them. Here, agarwood and barrier zone formation in Aquilaria sinensis trees were studied for the first time using compartmentalization theory. The main results were as follows: (1) Wounding methods had a very important influence on the occurrence of barrier zones in A. sinensis. (2) The barrier zone development process was divided into three phases based on the morphological features. (3) The agarwood resin mainly accreted during the barrier zone lag and division phases; then, after the barrier zone entered the differentiation phase, the resin no longer accreted and even tended to degrade. (4) In the application of the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique, the barrier zone generally began to appear 10 months after the technique treatment, and the barrier zones were more severe in the lower part of the stem. (5) Considering the agarwood yield, agarwood resin filling degree and ethanol-soluble extract content, the serious barrier zone indeed reduced the agarwood productivity. This study is important for revealing the agarwood and barrier zone formation mechanism in Aquilaria trees. It also provides a good research model for considering the high economic value of agarwood when studying compartmentalization.
Nutritional composition and safety aspects of Asian giant hornet, Vespa magnifica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): commonly consumed edible insect in Manipur, North East India
Authors: Sheileja T. , Singh K.M. , Shantibala T. , Mishra L.K. , Haldhar S.M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Asian giant hornet, Vespa magnifica is an edible insect fondly eaten in larval and adult stage in maximum ethnic communities of the Northeast India especially in Manipur state. The nutritional and anti-nutritional aspects of V. magnifica revealed high protein (31.1%, 38.4%), fat (22.0%, 8.13%), carbohydrates (1.67%, 0.72%) and fibre (0.69%, 4.34%) content in both larval and adult stage respectively. The results exhibited that consumption of 100 gram of V. magnifica in larval and adult stage provided optimal amount of energy (329.1 and 229.7 kcal, respectively). Iron, potassium, calcium, sodium, and phosphorus are the most prevalent minerals found in the edible hymenopteran that can be used as supplementary food to human diets. The IC50% of adults (0.701 mg/ml) exhibited lower value than larvae (0.813 mg/ml) expressing its stronger antioxidant properties than larval hymenopteran. Low levels of anti-nutritional components such as phenol (38.7 and 30.3 mg/g) and tannin (50.0 and 24.5 mg/g) have established the insects’ non-toxic character when taken as part of a human diet. The insect is widely available in Manipur local markets but at a very high price and great demand. It has the potential to support economic upliftment, nutrition and food security along with sustainable impact on environment.