bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic findings in dogs and cats with oxalate nephrosis attributed to ethylene glycol intoxication: 15 cases (1984-1988)
Authors: Adams William H. , Toal Robert L. , Breider Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Renal ultrasonographic findings in 12 dogs and 3 cats determined to have oxalate nephrosis presumed to be secondary to ethylene glycol intoxication were examined. Ultrasonographic changes varied from mild to marked increases in renal cortical echogenicity. A pattern of greater than normal cortical and medullary echogenicity with persistence of areas of lesser echo intensity at the corticomedullary junction and central medullary regions was observed. This pattern, termed the halo sign, was recognized in 7 dogs and 1 cat concurrent with the development of clinical anuria. Ultrasonographic patterns in these clinical cases were similar to those observed in a previous study of dogs with experimentally induced ethylene glycol nephrosis. Ultrasonographic findings were not considered pathognomonic of ethylene glycol nephrosis. Due to the high death rate reported in the cases surveyed, detection of ultrasonographic changes was considered to warrant a guarded to poor prognosis. Because of the association of the halo sign with anuria, its detection was considered to warrant a grave prognosis.
Improved nasogastric intubation technique for administration of nutritional support in dogs
Authors: Abood Sarah K. , Buffington C. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Established procedures for nasogastric intubation are difficult to perform in dogs because of anatomic variation of nasal passages and turbinate structures. Twenty-five clinically normal dogs were used to improve and refine the technique of nasogastric tube placement, and 13 clinical patients at our teaching hospital were evaluated for malnutrition and were considered candidates for nutritional support by nasogastric tube feeding.
An improved method for the placement of nasogastric tubes in dogs was used. By pushing the external nares dorsally while advancing the tube in a caudoventral, medial direction, the tube passed through the ventral meatus and into the oropharynx and esophagus easily. The procedure does not require chemical restraint, and the complication of epistaxis was not observed in any dog. Materials required to perform this technique are inexpensive, and the method can be used for the administration of nutritional support, fluids, drugs, or contrast material.
Positive end-expiratory pressure during colic surgery in horses: 74 cases (1986-1988)
Authors: Wilson D. V. , McFeely A. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Positive end-expiratory pressure (peep) was applied in 74 anesthetized, ventilated horses during colic surgery, to attempt to increase arterial oxygen tensions. In 28 horses with an initial < 70 mm of Hg, peep increased values to a mean of 173 ± 24 mm of Hg. Arterial oxygen content increased from 14.1 ± 0.05 ml/dl to 17.2 ± 0.05 ml/dl. In the remaining 46 horses, peep increased from a mean value of 101 ± 6 mm of Hg to 194 ± 15 mm of Hg, and arterial oxygen content increased from 14.9 ± 0.09 ml/dl to 16.9 ± 0.07 ml/dl.
Cardiovascular depression and decrease in arterial blood pressure was observed after the application of peep in 54 horses. These 54 horses required use of pressors (n = 8), inotropes (n = 32), or both (n = 14) to keep the mean arterial blood pressure > 60 mm of Hg. Combined with pharmacologic support of blood pressure, peep could be a useful clinical treatment of arterial hypoxemia in horses.
Comparison and interpretation of diagnostic tests for feline immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Barr Margaret C. , Pough Margaret B. , Jacobson Richard H. , Scott Fred W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Feline sera were submitted to the Cornell Feline Health Center (n = 497) or to the New York State Diagnostic Laboratory (n = 1,565) for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) testing. Some sera (n = 166) were submitted for confirmation of previous fiv-positive results; 151 of these sera had been tested at the referring veterinary practice or laboratory, using an in-house elisa. Excluding the samples submitted for confirmation, a total of 173 samples (9.1%) were fiv-positive; 11.6% of the clinically ill or high-risk cats and 0.49% of the healthy, low risk cats were positive for fiv antibody.
A commercially available elisa for detection of antibody to fiv was evaluated in relation to the immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test and the immunoblot assay. The elisa was interpreted according to the manufacturer's instructions, with the ratio of sample optical density to positive control optical density (s/p) determining a positive or negative result. The elisa results based on the s/p interpretation were compared with a kinetics-based (kela) interpretation of the elisa. The kela values were reported as positive, negative, or equivocal.
Using the immunoblot as the standard, elisa (s/p interpretation) had sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.98, whereas the ifa test had sensitivity of 0.95 and specificity of 0.98. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the elisa (s/p interpretation) were markedly reduced for sample results falling in the kela equivocal range, indicating that equivocal results were valid interpretations for some sera.
A high number (22.5%) of the samples submitted for confirmation of a positive result from use of the in-house elisa were determined to be negative for fiv antibody. Operator error or incorrect interpretation of the in-house elisa were thought to be the cause of most of these false-positive test results.
Risk factors associated with transmissible gastroenteritis in swine
Authors: Siegel Joel P. , Hungerford Laura L. , Hall William F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Commercial production data base records from 2 Illinois farms, on which epizootic or enzootic transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) was experienced, were accessed for an epidemiologic study. Risk factors investigated were sow parity, source of sows, location of farrowing crates, and breeding practices. At farm 1, an epizootic was experienced; at farm 2, an epizootic of tge followed by enzootic tge was experienced. Initially, crude risk ratios were calculated for these risk factors, and the crude risk ratios were subsequently adjusted for confounders and interactions, using multiple logistic regression techniques. After adjustment, parity-3 sows were 2.3 times more likely to have litters with tge than were sows of all other parities on farm 1, and parity-1 sows were 2.6 times more likely to have litters that experienced tge than were sows of all other parities on farm 2. A single boar on each farm was linked to increased likelihood of a sow's litter contracting epizootic tge on each farm. Enzootic tge was maintained by the periodic influx of outside-source gilts on farm 2; these gilts were 2.2 times more likely to have litters with TCE than were sows derived from farm 2. Sows housed in farrowing crates located under the cold air inlet of farm 2 were 1.7 times as likely as sows located in other rows to have litters with enzootic tge.
Diagnosis of microthrombocytosis and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs with thrombocytopenia: 68 cases (1987-1989)
Authors: Northern J. , Tvedten H. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The mean platelet volume (mpv) was evaluated in 68 dogs with thrombocytopenia attributable to various causes. Platelet size was high or low in some dogs. The most clinically useful observation was that low mpv (microthrombocytosis) was a specific indicator of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (imt) in these thrombocytopenic dogs. All but one case of microthrombocytosis (mpv< 5.4 fl) was found in dogs with imt. Microthrombocytosis was detected in 17 of 31 dogs with imt and appeared at the onset of the disease. Macrothrombocytosis (mpv > 9.4 fl) indicated active thrombopoiesis, but was not unique to any disease category. Macrothrombocytosis was detected in 18 of 31 dogs with imt, 3 of 17 dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation, and 3 of 9 dogs with primary bone-marrow disease.
Long-term effects of desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor muscle in Standardbreds: 23 cases (1979-1989)
Authors: Stick John A. , Nickels Frank A. , Williams M. Amy 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor muscle (inferior check desmotomy) permitted Standardbred foals affected with flexural deformities to reach their full athletic potential. Long-term effects of inferior check desmotomy were examined in 23 Standardbreds over a 10-year period. Six of 11 foals that were treated surgically either raced 6 times and obtained a race record or were training sound (if yearlings). All 12 horses with flexural deformity that did not receive an inferior check desmotomy had an unfavorable outcome (no race record). Foals that had surgery performed at a younger age apparently had a better chance of racing or training sound because no foals treated surgically after 8 months of age had a favorable outcome and only 1 foal that was older than 5 months at the time of surgery had a favorable outcome. In 5 foals that had surgery with an unsuccessful outcome, 3 were ≥1 year old at the time of surgery and were lame when training was started on the limb(s) with the desmotomy.
Prevalence of the 14/20 centric fusion chromosomal aberration in US Simmental cattle
Authors: Weber Alvin F. , Buoen Lance C. , Zhang Tingqing , Ruth George R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cytogenetic evaluation was made on 353 Simmental cattle (166 male, 187 female) from 113 herds in 26 states. One hundred thirty-eight (39%) were found to be heterozygous-positive for the 14/20 centric fusion chromosomal translocation, including 41 (25%) males and 91 (52%) females. One submitted heparinized blood sample from a Simbrah bull was found to be positive for 14/20 and 1/29 centric fusions. Sampling, which was based on requests, was highly selective. Thus, the 39% prevalence found was not representative of 14/20 centric fusion in the national Simmental breed. On the basis of our findings, cytogenetic evaluation of breeding stock was consistent with modern management practice.
Health risks of housing small psittacines in galvanized wire mesh cages
Authors: Howard B. R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Each week over a 6-week period, 80 adult cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) of either gender were dosed orally with fine particles of pure zinc or galvanized coating removed from welded wire mesh. At dosage of 32 mg/wk, all birds became severely ill and either died or were euthanatized within 2 weeks. Dosage of 2 mg/wk induced chronic illness marked by dullness, weight loss, and intermittent excretion of greenish droppings. Necropsy findings were unremarkable, except for signs suggestive of impaired gastrointestinal tract motility and histologic degenerative changes associated with focal mononuclear infiltration in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Tissue, especially pancreatic, contents of zinc were markedly high. Pure zinc was as toxic as galvanizing zinc. White rust, an oxidation product, also was toxic. The galvanized coating on cages and flights must be carefully wire-brushed and examined before housing psittacine birds.
Use of zinc acetate to treat copper toxicosis in dogs
Authors: Brewer George J. , Dick Robert D. , Schall William , Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan Vilma , Mullaney Thomas P. , Pace Carol , Lindgren Janet , Thomas Michael , Padgett George 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Zinc acetate was used for the treatment and prophylaxis of hepatic copper toxicosis in 3 Bedlington Terriers and 3 West Highland White Terriers. Two dogs of each breed were treated for 2 years, and 1 of each breed for 1 year. A dosage of 200 mg of elemental zinc per day was required to achieve therapeutic objectives related to copper, which included a doubling of plasma zinc concentration to 200 μg/dl and a suppression of oral 64 copper absorption. The dosage was later reduced to 50 to 100 mg/day to avoid an excessive increase in plasma zinc concentration. The preliminary clinical results were good. Three dogs had mild to moderate active liver disease and high liver copper concentrations at the time of initiation of zinc administration. Biopsy of the liver 2 years later revealed a reduction in hepatitis and copper concentrations. One other dog without active hepatitis also had a reduction in hepatic copper concentrations over a 2-year period. All 6 dogs have done well clinically. On the basis of these findings, we believe zinc acetate to be an effective and nontoxic treatment for copper toxicosis in dogs.
Factors associated with and prevalence of high Malassezia pachydermatis numbers on dog skin
Authors: Plant Jon D. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Griffin Craig E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The prevalence of cutaneous Malassezia spp was evaluated in a semiquantitative fashion at 3 sites on 98 dogs examined because of various dermatoses. Thirty (10.2%) of the sites and 19 (19.4%) of the dogs had Malassezia spp amounts higher than that found on grossly normal skin. The prevalence of higher than normal amounts did not correlate significantly with sample site, sex, or age. The factors associated with an increased prevalence of increased Malassezia spp counts were seborrheic dermatitis, recent antibiotic treatment, and breed.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies and antigens in the aqueous humor of cats
Authors: Lappin Michael R. , Roberts Steven M. , Davidson Michael G. , Powell Cynthia C. , Reif John S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Serum and aqueous humor samples, collected from 14 clinically normal cats and 96 cats with clinical evidence of intraocular inflammation, were assayed with elisa for Toxoplasma gondii-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), T gondii-specific IgG, T gondii-specific antigens, total IgG, and total IgM. Additionally, serum was assayed with elisa for feline leukemia virus p27 antigen and antibodies against the feline immunodeficiency virus as well as with an immunofluorescent antibody assay for antibodies against feline coronaviruses. Calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (C-value) for the T gondii-specific antibodies detected in aqueous humor established the likelihood of local antibody production. Serologic evidence of present or prior infection by an infectious agent was found in 81.9% of the clinically affected cats from which serologic results were available (77/94 cats). Seropositive results for toxoplasmosis were found in 74.0% of the clinically affected cats. Anterior segment inflammation was found in 93.1% (81/87 cats from which information was available) of the clinically affected cats, most of which were older males. Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies were not detected in the aqueous humor of 6 seropositive, clinically normal cats. The C-values for aqueous T gondii antibodies were > 1 in 44.8% of the cats and > 8 in 24.0% of the cats. Response to treatment with clin-damycn HCl was positive in 15/20 (75%) of the T gondii-seroposidve, clinically affected cats treated with this drug. In 13/15 (86.7%) T gondii-seropositive, clinically affected cats having a C-value > 1, response to treatment with clindamycin HCl was positive. On the basis of our findings, we concluded that serologic evidence of exposure to infectious agents is common in cats with uveitis, toxoplasmosis may be a common cause of uveitis in cats, use of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient may aid in the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis in cats, and use of clindamycin HCl may be beneficial in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in cats.
Actions of isoflurane and halothane in pregnant mares
Authors: Daunt D. A. , Steffey E. P. , Pascoe J. R. , Willits N. , Daels P. F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Eighteen healthy, pregnant mares scheduled for laparotomy and uterine manipulation were randomly allotted to 2 equal groups. After iv administration of xylazine hydrochloride and thiamylal sodium, general anesthesia was maintained with halothane (halo) or isoflurane (iso) in oxygen. Results of cardiovascular measurements were similar with both inhalant anesthetics; mean arterial blood pressure was 79 and 82 mm of Hg with halo and iso, respectively. Respiratory rate decreased most with iso (mean frequency was 4 and 9 breaths/min with iso and halo, respectively). Partial pressure of arterial CO2 was increased similarly with halo and iso. Partial pressure of arterial O2 varied greatly among mares and decreased with duration of use of both anesthetics. Recovery time from anesthesia was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter after use of iso vs halo. Minor superficial injuries were associated with recovery from both anesthetics (in 5 mares with iso and in 1 mare with halo). Physical signs of postanesthetic myopathy or vital-organ dysfunction were not associated with either agent.
Effects of blood contamination on equine peritoneal fluid analysis
Authors: Malark J. A. , Peyton L. C. , Galvin M. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Peritoneal fluid and blood was collected from 8 healthy adult horses. Four 1-ml aliquots of peritoneal fluid from each horse were then contaminated with 0 ml (normal), 0.05 ml (1 drop), 0.10 ml (2 drops), and 0.20 ml (4 drops) of blood from the same horse. Samples were analyzed for rbc count, nucleated blood cell count, total protein concentration, and nucleated cell differential count. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes in nucleated cell number, nucleated cell differential, or total protein concentration in peritoneal samples contaminated with blood. The rbc count significantly increased with blood contamination. It was concluded that up to 17% blood contamination of peritoneal fluid in clinically normal horses did not significantly alter interpretation of the nucleated cell count or protein concentration.
Investigation of an outbreak of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease in pet birds in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Texas
Authors: Bruning-Fann Colleen , Kaneene John , Heamon Julia 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An outbreak of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease in exotic pet birds in the United States from April through July 1991 was investigated. More than 2,000 pet birds in 5 states (Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Texas, and Maryland) were tested. Infected birds were found in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas. This disease was eradicated without spread to domestic poultry. Epidemiologic investigations revealed the source of infection to be double yellow-headed Amazon parrots suspected to be illegally imported into Texas.
Serum thyroid hormone concentrations and thyrotropin responsiveness in dogs with generalized dermatologic disease
Authors: Beale Karin Muth , Keisling Karen , Forster-Blouin Sharon 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Fifty-eight dogs with generalized dermatologic disease that had not been given glucocorticoids systemically or topically within 6 weeks of entering the study were evaluated for thyroid function by use of the thyrotropin-response test. Dogs were classified as euthyroid or hypothyroid on the basis of test results and response to thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Baseline serum thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4), and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were evaluated in the 58 dogs. Serum T4, fT4, and T3 concentrations were evaluated in 200 healthy dogs to establish normal values. Hormone concentrations were considered low if they were less than the mean – 2 SD of the values for control dogs.
Specificity of T4 and fT4 concentrations was 100% in predicting hypothyroidism; none of the euthyroid dogs with generalized skin disease had baseline serum T4 or fT4 concentration in the low range. Sensitivity was better for fT4 (89%) than for T4 (44%) concentration. Significant difference was not observed in serum T4 and fT4 concentrations between euthyroid dogs with generalized skin disease and healthy control dogs without skin disease. Serum T3 concentration was not accurate in predicting thyroid function; most of the euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs with skin disease had serum T3 concentration within the normal range.
Tympanic bulla osteotomy for treatment of middle-ear disease in cats: 19 cases (1984-1991)
Authors: Trevor Peter B. , Martin Robert A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Twenty-two tympanic bulla osteotomies were performed in 19 cats for the treatment of bacterial otitis media (n = 11), inflammatory polyps (n = 7), or middle-ear neoplasia (n = 4). Inflammatory polyps mostly affected young adult cats (mean age, 1.5 years), whereas otitis media affected middle-aged cats (mean age, 5.5 years) and neoplasia affected older cats (mean age, 10.25 years). Although not specific for the underlying disease process, fluid density within the tympanic bulla or thickening of the bulla was observed radiographically in 100% of cats with middle-ear disease. In cats for which results were available, bacterial culturing revealed pathogens in 6 cats diagnosed with otitis media and in 7 cats with benign or malignant tumors within the bulla. The ventral approach to the bulla was the most common surgical procedure (18 osteotomies), followed by the lateral approach combined with ablation of the vertical and horizontal parts of the external acoustic meatus (4 osteotomies). Immediate postoperative complications were common but short-term, and included Horner's syndrome (11 cats), facial nerve paralysis (5 cats), and otitis interna (2 cats). Bulla osteotomy resulted in resolution of clinical signs without recurrence in cats with middle-ear polyps. Drainage of the infected tympanic cavity aided in resolution of the clinical signs of bacterial otitis media, but the long-term clinical course was characterized by persistent neurologic deficits (5 cats) and recurrence of disease (2 cats). Neoplastic infiltration of the tympanic bulla was associated with a poor prognosis, and although surgery helped to establish a diagnosis, it did not alter the clinical course of the disease. Bulla osteotomy resulted in improvement but not in resolution of head tilt in cats that had developed this sign secondary to middle-ear disease.
Accuracy of references and quotations in veterinary journals
Authors: Hinchcliff K. W. , Bruce N. J. , Powers J. D. , Kipp M. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The accuracy of references and quotations used to substantiate statements of fact in articles published in 6 frequently cited veterinary journals was examined. Three hundred references were randomly selected, and the accuracy of each citation was examined. A subset of 100 references was examined for quotational accuracy; ie, the accuracy with which authors represented the work or assertions of the author being cited. Of the 300 references selected, 295 were located, and 125 major errors were found in 88 (29.8%) of them. Sixty-seven (53.6%) major errors were found involving authors, 12 (9.6%) involved the article title, 14 (11.2%) involved the book or journal title, and 32 (25.6%) involved the volume number, date, or page numbers. Sixty-eight minor errors were detected. The accuracy of 111 quotations from 95 citations in 65 articles was examined. Nine quotations were technical and not classified, 86 (84.3%) were classified as correct, 2 (1.9%) contained minor misquotations, and 14 (13.7%) contained major misquotations. We concluded that misquotations and errors in citations occur frequently in veterinary journals, but at a rate similar to that reported for other biomedical journals.