bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting nuclear-targeted photothermal-chemotherapy by NIR-responsive hybrid membrane camouflaged nanotherapeutics
Authors: Xing Xinyue , Zeng Yuying , Zhong Wanqing , Cheng Wendai , Zhou Chengxin , Lu Xiaoxu , Zhong Liyun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Engineering nanotherapeutics have been extensively studied for cancer therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy is still severely restricted by biophysiological barriers and intracellular accumulation. Although the biomimetic nanoparticles have improved the former issue, there is almost no breakthrough in researches of intracellular transport. Herein, we proposed a NIR-responsive nuclear-targeted hybrid membrane biomimetic Prussian blue drug-loading nanotherapeutics (PB@DN@M).

Results
The hybrid membrane coating bestows nanotherapeutics tumor targeting and immune escape ability, thus promoting the tumor enrichment of PB nanotherapeutics. The nuclear targeting function triggered by NIR enhances the cellular internalization and nuclear entry efficiency, resulting in a superadditive effect for boosting photothermal-chemotherapy efficacy. Moreover, taking advantage of non-interference Raman properties of PB, we can track the location and distribution of nanotherapeutics, which is beneficial for guiding precise synchronization of photothermal-chemotherapy. The results revealed that this PB@DN@M presented a remarkable therapeutic efficacy and significantly inhibited the tumor growth up to 87.17%.

Conclusions
Therefore, this spatiotemporal controllable biomimetic nanotherapeutics will provide a new insight and strategy for specific targeted therapy of tumors.
Pathways to lung cancer diagnosis among individuals who did not receive lung cancer screening: a qualitative study
Authors: McCarty Rachel D. , Barnard Mollie E. , Lawson-Michod Katherine A. , Owens Makelle , Green Sarah E. , Derzon Samantha , Karabegovic Lea , Akerley Wallace L. , Watt Melissa H. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Grieshober Laurie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Although early detection of lung cancer through screening is associated with better prognosis, most lung cancers are diagnosed among unscreened individuals. We therefore sought to characterize pathways to lung cancer diagnosis among unscreened individuals.

Methods
Participants were individuals with lung cancer who did not undergo asymptomatic lung cancer screening (n = 13) and healthcare providers who may be involved in the pathway to lung cancer diagnosis (n = 13). We conducted semi-structured interviews to identify themes in lung cancer patients’ narratives of their cancer diagnoses and providers’ personal and/or professional experiences of various pathways to lung cancer diagnoses, to identify delays in diagnosis. We audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded interviews in two stages. First, we conducted deductive coding using three time-period intervals from the Models of Pathways to Treatment framework: appraisal, help-seeking, and diagnostic (i.e., excluding pre-treatment). Second, we conducted inductive coding to identify themes within each time-period interval, and classified these themes as either barriers or facilitators to diagnosis. Coding and thematic summarization were completed independently by two separate analysts who discussed for consensus.

Results
Eight of the patient participants had formerly smoked, and five had never smoked. We identified eight barrier/facilitator themes within the three time-period intervals. Within the appraisal interval, the barrier theme was (1) minimization or misattribution of symptoms, and the facilitator theme was (2) acknowledgment of symptoms. Within the help-seeking interval, the barrier theme was (3) hesitancy to seek care, and the facilitator theme was (4) routine care. Within the diagnosis interval, barrier themes were (5) health system challenges, and (6) social determinants of health; and facilitator themes were (7) severe symptoms and known risk factors, and (8) self-advocacy. Many themes were interrelated, including minimization or misattribution of symptoms and hesitancy to seek care, which may collectively contribute to care and imaging delays.

Conclusions
Interventions to reduce hesitancy to seek care may facilitate timely lung cancer diagnoses. More prompt referral to imaging—especially computed tomography (CT)—among symptomatic patients, along with patient self-advocacy for imaging, may reduce delays in diagnosis.
Primary care during COVID-19 pandemic - a survey to establish clinical needs and lessons learned in infectious respiratory diseases in Spain
Authors: Linares Manuel , Larregola Laura Santos , de Yébenes Pilar Galicia García , Galilea Joaquín Santos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed gaps and areas of need in health care systems. General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in the response to COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases (e.g., influenza). Knowing the current flow of these patients and the real needs of GPs is necessary to implement new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. We sought to learn about the flow of COVID-19 and flu patients in Spanish primary health centers and understand the training needs in both the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.

Methods
A total of 451 regionally representative GPs completed an online survey between January and February 2022.

Results
Most of the GPs had available infection containment measures (79%) and access to point-of-care (POC) rapid diagnostic testing (81%) in their centers. The availability of on-the-day diagnostic tests for COVID-19 was higher than that for influenza (80% vs. 20%). Most GPs referred 1 of 10 COVID-19 or flu patients with moderate to severe disease to the emergency department (80% and 90%, respectively). Training/knowledge was considered good regarding diagnostic tests and vaccines (85%) but null or low regarding antivirals (60%) and monoclonal antibodies (80%).

Conclusions
This survey identified the conditions of Spanish GPs in terms of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and flu patients. Respondents’ comments suggested that quite radical system-level adjustments are needed to allow GPs to capitalize on the potential benefits of POC tests for diagnosis, reduction of referrals, and monitoring of these diseases.
Validity of claims-based diagnoses for infectious diseases common among immunocompromised patients in Japan
Authors: Hase Ryota , Suzuki Daisuke , de Luise Cynthia , Chen Haoqian , Nonnenmacher Edward , Higuchi Takakazu , Katayama Kayoko , Kinjo Mitsuyo , Jinno Sadao , Morishima Toshitaka , Sugiyama Naonobu , Tanaka Yoshiya , Setoguchi Soko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To validate Japanese claims-based disease-identifying algorithms for herpes zoster (HZ), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), nontuberculous mycobacteria infections (NTM), and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP).

Methods
VALIDATE-J, a multicenter, cross-sectional, retrospective study, reviewed the administrative claims data and medical records from two Japanese hospitals. Claims-based algorithms were developed by experts to identify HZ, MTB, NTM, and PJP cases among patients treated 2012–2016. Diagnosis was confirmed with three gold standard definitions; positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated for prevalent (regardless of baseline disease-free period) and incident (preceded by a 12-month disease-free period for the target conditions) cases.

Results
Of patients identified using claims-based algorithms, a random sample of 377 cases was included: HZ (n = 95 [55 incident cases]); MTB (n = 100 [58]); NTM (n = 82 [50]); and PJP (n = 100 [84]). PPVs ranged from 67.4–70.5% (HZ), 67.0–90.0% (MTB), 18.3–63.4% (NTM), and 20.0–45.0% (PJP) for prevalent cases, and 69.1–70.9% (HZ), 58.6–87.9% (MTB), 10.0–56.0% (NTM), and 22.6–51.2% (PJP) for incident cases, across definitions. Adding treatment to the algorithms increased PPVs for HZ, with a small increase observed for prevalent cases of NTM.

Conclusions
VALIDATE-J demonstrated moderate to high PPVs for disease-identifying algorithms for HZ and MTB using Japanese claims data.
Reviewing the journey to the clinical application of bacteriophages to treat multi-drug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Mboowa Gerald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) was a leading cause of death globally in 2019. Sadly, COVID-19 has exacerbated AMR, nonetheless, the process of developing new antibiotics remains very challenging. This urgently requires the adoption of alternative approaches to treat multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections. This editorial introduces the ‘Bacteriophages against multi-drug resistant bacteria’ collection launched at BMC Infectious Diseases which highlights progress towards using bacteriophages to tackle AMR.
Urinary exosome proteins PAK6 and EGFR as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Tao , Liu Tian ci , Liu Na , Li Meng jie , Zhang Man 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
The actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role in maintaining podocyte functions. However, whether the urinary exosome proteins related to the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton are changed in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still unknown. This study was to investigate the possibility that related proteins can be applied as diagnostic biomarkers for DN.

Methods
Urinary exosomes were obtained from 144 participants (Discovery phase: n = 72; Validation phase: n = 72) by size exclusion chromatography methods. Proteomic analysis of urinary exosome by LC-MS/MS. Western blot and ELISA were applied to validate the selected urinary exosome proteins. The clinical value of selected urinary exosome proteins was evaluated using correlation and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.

Results
Fifteen urinary proteins related to the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton were identified in urinary exosomes. Three upregulated proteins were selected, including Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK6 (PAK6), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and SHC-transforming protein 1(SHC1). The expression level of PAK6 and EGFR was negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and positively correlated with serum creatinine levels. For diagnosing DN in the discovery phase: the area under curve (AUC) of PAK6 was 0.903, EGFR was 0.842, and the combination of two proteins was 0.912. These better performances were also observed in the validation phase (For PAK6: AUC = 0.829; For EGFR: AUC = 0.797; For PAK6 + EGFR: AUC = 0.897).

Conclusions
Urinary exosome proteins PAK6 and EGFR may be promising and noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing DN.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: LRPPRC regulates malignant behaviors, protects mitochondrial homeostasis, mitochondrial function in osteosarcoma and derived cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Zhao Ziyi , Sun Yingwei , Tang Jing , Yang Yuting , Xu Xiaochao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC) is a potential oncogene in multiple tumor types, including lung adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cancer. LRPPRC exerts its tumor-promoting effects mainly by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing oxidative stress. However, the exact role and mechanisms by which LRPPRC acts in osteosarcoma and osteosarcoma-derived cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which potentially critically contribute to recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance, are still largely unclear.

Methods
LRPPRC level in osteosarcoma cells and CSCs were detected by western blot. Effects of LRPPRC on CSCs were accessed after LRPPRC knockdown by introducing lentivirus containing shRNA targeting to LRPPRC mRNA.

Results
we found that LRPPRC was highly expressed in several osteosarcoma cell lines and that LRPPRC knockdown inhibited malignant behaviors, including proliferation, invasion, colony formation and tumor formation, in MG63 and U2OS cells. Enriched CSCs derived from MG63 and U2OS cells presented upregulated LRPPRC levels compared to parental cells (PCs), and LRPPRC knockdown markedly decreased the sphere-forming capacity. These findings demonstrate that LRPPRC knockdown decreased stemness in CSCs. Consistent with a previous report, LRPPRC knockdown decreased the expression levels of FOXM1 and its downstream target genes, including PRDX3, MnSOD and catalase, which are responsible for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Expectedly, LRPPRC knockdown increased the accumulation of ROS in osteosarcoma and osteosarcoma-derived CSCs under hypoxic conditions due to the decrease in ROS scavenging proteins. Moreover, LRPPRC knockdown sensitized osteosarcomas and CSCs against carboplatin, a ROS-inducing chemoagent, and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, LRPPRC knockdown significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis and led to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusion
Taken together, these findings indicated that LRPPRC exerts critical roles in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, mitochondrial function and tumorigenesis in osteosarcomas and osteosarcoma-derived CSCs. This suggests that LRPPRC might be a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcomas.
A glimpse into the future: modelling global prevalence of hypertension
Authors: Boateng Emmanuel B. , Ampofo Ama G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Insights and foresights on trends of hypertension prevalence are crucial to informing health policymaking. We examined and projected the patterns of hypertension prevalence among sexes.

Methods
Using annual hypertension prevalence (18 + years) data sourced from WHO Global Health Observatory data repository from 1975 to 2015, Prophet models were developed to forecast the 2040 prevalence of hypertension in males, females, and both sexes. We used k-means clustering and self-organising maps to determine the clusters of hypertension prevalence concerning both sexes among 176 countries.

Results
Worldwide, Croatia is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males by 2040, while that of females is in Niger. Among the world’s most populated countries, Pakistan and India are likely to increase by 7.7% and 4.0% respectively in both sexes. South-East Asia is projected to experience the largest hypertension prevalence in males, whereas Africa is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in females. Low-income countries are projected to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in both sexes. By 2040, the prevalence of hypertension worldwide is expected to be higher in the male population than in female. Globally, the prevalence of hypertension is projected to decrease from 22.1% in 2015 to 20.3% (20.2 – 20.4%) in 2040. We also identified three patterns of hypertension prevalence in 2040, cluster one countries are estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males (29.6%, 22.2 – 41.1%) and females (29.6%, 19.4 – 38.7%).

Conclusion
These findings emphasise the need for new and effective approaches toward the prevention and control of hypertension in Africa, South-East Asia, and Low-income countries.
Associations of effort-reward imbalance at work and quality of life among workers after stroke: a one-year longitudinal study in Thailand
Authors: Naknoi Siripan , Li Jian , ramasoota Pongrama , Liu Xinyue , Chen Liwei , Phuanukoonnon Suparat , Soonthornworasiri Ngamphol , Kaewboonchoo Orawan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStroke incidence is increasing among working-age population, but the role of psychosocial stress in the workplace in predicting quality of life (QoL) after stroke onset is understudied. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationship between work stress, measured by the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model, and QoL over one-year period among 103 Thai workers who had experienced a stroke. The study evaluated the effort (E)-reward (R) ratio and over-commitment, the extrinsic and intrinsic components of the ERI model, before discharge; QoL was repeatedly measured at baseline, six months, and 12 months after discharge, respectively, using the Short Form Version 2 (SF-12v2) indicators of physical and mental health composite scores. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine longitudinal relationships between work stress at baseline and QoL over one year by testing the hypotheses that E-R ratio and over-commitment would have direct effects on QoL, and potential moderating effects of over-commitment on E-R ratio and QoL. The results supported the ERI model partially, as over-commitment was significantly associated with poor mental health (coefficient − 8.50; 95% CI: -13.79, -3.20) after adjusting baseline sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, while the E-R ratio was not significantly associated with physical or mental health; the interaction between the E-R ratio and over-commitment was also not significant. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to workers’ personal coping skills and ability to handle work-related problems and prioritize interventions that address over-commitment to promote long-term mental health among workers with stroke.
Acceptability and feasibility of tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus screening implementation in private primary care clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a qualitative study
Authors: Prakoso Denny Anggoro , Istiono Wahyudi , Mahendradhata Yodi , Arini Merita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The relationship between Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is intricate and intertwined, posing significant global health challenges. In addition, the increasing prevalence of DM worldwide raises concerns regarding the potential resurgence of tuberculosis. The implementation of tuberculosis prevention strategies is of the utmost importance, especially in countries like Indonesia that encounter a dual burden of TB and DM. The significance of TB screening in private primary care settings for patients with diabetes cannot be overstated. Implementing TB screening protocols in private primary care settings can assist in identifying diabetic patients with tuberculosis. Therefore, this study aims to explore the acceptability and feasibility of tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus screening implementation in private primary care clinics.

Methods
We conducted implementation research with an exploratory qualitative design. Fifteen healthcare professionals from five private primary health care clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, participated in five focus groups. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed. As part of the feasibility assessment, surveys were conducted in each clinic. We conducted a thematic analysis in accordance with the theoretical framework of acceptability and the feasibility assessment.

Results
We identified that most private primary care clinics deemed the implementation of TB screening in DM patients acceptable and practicable. We revealed that the majority of diabetes patients enthusiastically accepted TB-DM screening services. In addition, we found that the healthcare professionals at the clinic are aware of the nature of the intervention and demonstrates a positive attitude despite a subtle burden. The stigma associated with COVID-19 has emerged as a new implementation barrier, joining TB stigma, lack of resources, and regulatory issues. We identify concealed and tiered screening as a potential method for enhancing the implementation of TB-DM screening.

Conclusions
The implementation of TB screening in DM patients in private primary care clinics had the potential to be acceptable and feasible. To achieve a successful implementation, consideration should be given to supporting factors, hindering factors, and strategies to improve TB screening in DM patients.
Circulating inflammatory cytokines and risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jia Qinyao , Lei Yanmei , Chen Shaoping , Liu Shengming , Wang Tao , Cheng Yao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The previous epidemiological and experimental evidence has implied the linkage between chronic inflammation to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, it was still unclear whether there were casual associations between circulating inflammatory cytokines and IPF development. The objective of present study was to examine whether altered genetically predicted concentration of circulating cytokines were associated with IPF development using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Materials and methods
The causal effects of 23 circulating inflammatory cytokines were evaluated on IPF using MR analysis. The primary approach of MR analysis was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. The sensitivity analyses were conducted by simple median, weighted median, penalized weighted median and MR-Egger regression methods.

Results
The present MR study found suggestive evidence that a higher circulating IL-14 level was associated with an increased risk of IPF (random effects IVW method: odds ratio: 1.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.000-1.001, P = 0.026). The sensitivity analysis yielded directionally similar results for IL-14. There was no significant association found between other circulating inflammatory cytokines and IPF.

Conclusion
The high level of IL14 predicted by genes had a casual relationship with the increased risk of IPF. This finding provided epidemiological evidence for drug therapy targeting inflammatory factors in the prevention and treatment of IPF. It’s warranted further exploration to validate the clinical significance of IL14 associated with developmental risk of IPF.
Serum antioxidant enzymes in spinal stenosis patients with lumbar disc herniation: correlation with degeneration severity and spinal fusion rate
Authors: Guo Youfeng , Zhou Yu , Zhao Haihong , Hu Tao , Wu Desheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) correlated with the intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) severity and the postoperative spinal fusion rate in lumbar spinal stenosis patients accompanied with lumbar disc herniation.MethodsThis retrospective study investigated 310 cases of posterior lumbar decompression and fusion. The cumulative grade was calculated by adding the pfirrmann grades of all the lumbar discs. Subjects were grouped based on the median cumulative grade. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations among the demographical, clinical, and laboratory indexes and severe degeneration and fusion. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to measure model discrimination, and Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test was used to measure calibration.ResultsSOD and GR levels were significantly lower in the severe degeneration group (cumulative grade > 18) than in the mild to moderate degeneration group (cumulative grade ≤ 18). Furthermore, the SOD and GR concentrations of the fusion group were significantly higher than that of the non-fusion group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006). The multivariate binary logistic models revealed that SOD and GR were independently influencing factors of the severe degeneration (OR: 0.966, 95%CI: 0.950–0.982, and OR: 0.946, 95%CI: 0.915–0.978, respectively) and non-fusion (OR: 0.962; 95% CI: 0.947–0.978; OR: 0.963; 95% CI: 0.933–0.994). The models showed excellent discrimination and calibration. Trend analysis indicated that the levels of SOD and GR tended to decrease with increasing severity (p for trend < 0.001 and 0.003). In addition, it also revealed that SOD provided protection from non-fusion in a concentration-dependent manner (p for trend < 0.001). However, GR concentration-dependent effects were not apparent (p for trend = 0.301).ConclusionHigh serum SOD and GR levels are associated with a better fusion prognosis and a relief in degeneration severity.