bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Suicide Attempts and Associated Risk Factors among Young, First-Episode and Drug-Naive Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Jiang Donghong , Lang XiaoE , Wang Dongmei , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Suicide attempts and anxiety are common commodities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and suicide attempts are often associated with anxiety symptoms. Studies have found gender differences in several aspects of MDD; however, gender differences in suicide attempts in young first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients with anxiety remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate potential gender differences in the prevalence of suicide attempts and associated risk factors among young FEDN MDD patients with anxiety in a Chinese Han population.

Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1289 young
patients with FEDN MDD. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and
biochemical parameters of patients were collected.

Results Suicide attempters accounted for 23.80% and 26.12% of
male and female FEDN MDD patients with anxiety, respectively, with
no significant sex differences. Binary logistic regression analyses
showed that anxiety, clinical global impression severity, and
thyroid peroxidase antibody significantly predicted suicide
attempts in both male and female FEDN MDD patients with anxiety,
while body mass index significantly predicted suicide attempts only
in males, and psychotic symptoms predicted suicide attempts only in
females.

Conclusions Our study is the first large survey on the sex differences in the prevalence of suicide attempts and associated risk factors among young FEDN MDD patients with anxiety in a Chinese Han population.Our findings suggest that risk factors associated with suicide attempts differ by gender in young FEND MDD patients with anxiety, despite of a similar rate of suicide attempts in female and male patients.
Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Reflection on the JHUSOM Experience
Authors: Wade Sydney A. , Ali Iman , Milstone Aaron M. , Clever Sarah L. , Xiao Shaoming , Koontz Danielle Winner , Hansoti Bhakti 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
We sought to understand the relative risk of COVID-19 infection and identify risk factors for infection to identify targets for mitigation among medical students.
Methods
An observational cohort study of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine students was conducted from June 2020 to July 2021. Blood samples were collected and tested at three visits to assess for the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered at each visit to collect demographic information and assess potential social and behavioral risk factors.
Results
264 students enrolled in the study, and 38 participants completed all study requirements by study end. Roughly 6% of the first- and second-year classes had a reported positive COVID-19 test compared to 5% of third- and fourth-year students. By visit 3, 92% of medical students had detectable antibodies against COVID-19 compared to 4% during the study enrollment period. From study enrollment to visit 3, there was a 10-fold increase in the percentage of students reporting attending large social gatherings and dining in restaurants.
Conclusions
Overall, few COVID-19 cases were found among medical students, even those on clinical rotations. As the study progressed, students reported engaging in higher-risk social behaviors in conjunction with increasing vaccination rates among students.
Flexible bronchoscope for the treatment of intratracheal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in children: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yang Zeyu , Wang Jing , Wang Yu , Wang Yan , Yang Yingying , Shi Miaomiao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor. In children, it most often occurs in the lung tissue and the trachea is rarely involved. Inflammatory pseudotumor is multifactorial in etiology and generally benign, but it is often mistaken for malignancy given its aggressive appearance. Although IMT is a benign tumor, it has the possibility of malignancy, recurrence and distant metastasis, and surgical resection is the first choice for its treatment.
Case Presentation:
we report a case of a 5-year-old boy with clinical symptoms of cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. Flexible bronchoscopy showed that the mass was obstructing the airway. The patient was diagnosed as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive IMT by pathological and immunohistochemical examination. After multiple times of flexible bronchoscopic cryotherapy under general anesthesia, the mass disappeared completely, and no recurrence was found in 6 years of follow-up.
Conclusion
IMT in the airway is rare in children and should be distinguished from asthma and other airway obstructive diseases when clinically encountered. The preferred treatment method is surgery. Children with simple IMT who are not suitable for surgery can choose bronchoscopic interventional therapy, which not only has high safety, but also reduces the risk and complications of surgery, and also reduces the financial burden of patients' families.
Molecular fingerprints in the hippocampus of alcohol seeking during withdrawal
Authors: Radwańska Kasia , Pagano Roberto , Salamian Ahmad , Skonieczna Edyta , Wojtas Bartosz , Gielniewski Bartek , Harda Zofia , Cały Anna , Havekes Robbert , Abel Ted 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by pathological motivation to consume alcohol and cognitive inflexibility, leading to excessive alcohol seeking and use. Due to limited understanding of the molecular basis of the disease, there are few pharmacological interventions available to combat AUD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular correlates of impaired extinction of alcohol seeking during alcohol withdrawal using a mouse model of AUD implemented in the automated IntelliCage social system. This model enabled us to distinguish between animals exhibiting AUD-prone and AUD-resistant phenotypes, based on the presence of ≥ 2 or < 2 criteria of AUD, respectively. We utilized new generation RNA sequencing to identify genes that were differentially expressed in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice meeting ≥ 2 or < 2 criteria, as these brain regions are implicated in alcohol motivation, seeking, consumption and the cognitive inflexibility characteristic of AUD. To complement the sequencing studies, we conducted ex vivo electrophysiology experiments. Our findings revealed significant dysregulation of the hippocampal genes associated with the actin cytoskeleton and synaptic function, including actin binding molecule cofilin, during alcohol withdrawal in mice meeting ≥ 2 criteria compared to those meeting < 2 criteria. Moreover, this dysregulation was accompanied by impaired synaptic transmission in the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (ML-DG). Additionally, we demonstrated that overexpression of cofilin in the polymorphic layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (PoDG) inhibited ML-DG synapses, increased motivation to seek alcohol, impaired extinction of alcohol seeking and increased correlation between AUD behaviors, resembling the phenotype observed in mice meeting ≥ 2 criteria. Overall, our study uncovers a novel mechanism linking increased hippocampal cofilin expression with the AUD phenotype.
Features of nutrition behavior of Kazakhstani adult population 2021: cross-sectional study
Authors: Namazbayeva Zhanar , Smailova Dariga S. , Mukasheva Gulmira , Zhamakurova Ayaulym , Kuanyshkalieva Asylzhan , Karibayeva Indira , Kauysheva Almagul , Otyzbayeva Nurzhamal , Glushkova Natalya , Kulzhanov Maksut , Ni Roman , Brusati Luca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The external environment, diet, and lifestyle are the major determinants influencing the development of health disorders. Chronic cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diseases of digestive system and diabetes mellitus are the five major groups of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the main cause of global mortality worldwide, which in turn determine the high trend in the occurrence of causes of death in middle and high-income developing countries. NCDs have become due to the incidence of premature mortality, preventable morbidity and disability in more than 60% of cases in the world. In addition, by 2030 according to experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), the proportion of noncommunicable diseases has increased by 75% of deaths, which is 52 million people in the world. We aimed to identify eating habits among adults in Zhambyl region, Kazakhstan. We used a cross-sectional study of the risk factors of NCDs in people aged 18 to 69 years using the standardized and adapted STEPS tool in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study consists of four phases. Average usual consumption of fruit is 5 days a week, usually two servings, the usual consumption of vegetables is slightly more (6 days a week, 5 servings a day). As can be seen from data, salt or salty sauces are never added to food before eating or directly during meals, 25.3% of respondents, with slightly more of them among men (27%) than among women (24.2%). Other individuals add salt or salty sauces to food: always-20.2%, often-12.2%, sometimes-20.7%, and rarely-21.7%. Individuals who add salt or salty sauces to food always and often are significantly more among women (34.4%) than men (28.8%). Naturally, the majority of the population adds salty spices or salty sauces during cooking 98.7% of the respondents: always and often-75.3%, sometimes and rarely-23.5%. Finally, excessive consumption of table salt (more than 5 grams per day), fatty and fried foods, as well as insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables (less than 5 servings per day) are among one of the main risk factors in the development of non-communicable diseases.
Fetal gut cell-like differentiation in esophageal adenocarcinoma - rare tumor subtype with therapeutically relevant claudin-6 positivity and SWI/SNF gene alteration
Authors: Kraemer Max , Zander Thomas , Alakus Hakan , Buettner Reinhard , Simon Adrian Georg , Schroeder Wolfgang , Bruns Christiane J. , Quaas Alexander 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the deadliest tumor entities worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 25%. Unlike other tumor entities, personalized therapy options are rare, partly due to the lack of knowledge about specific subgroups. In this publication, we demonstrate a subgroup of patients with EAC in a large screening cohort of 826 patients, characterized by specific morphological and immunohistochemical features. This subgroup represents approximately 0.7% (6/826) of the total cohort. Morphological features of this subgroup show a striking clear cytoplasm of the tumour cells and the parallel existence of rare growth patterns like yolk sac-like differentiation and enteroblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemistry reveals expression of the fetal gut cell-like proteins Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4), claudin-6, and glypican 3. Interestingly, we find a correlation with alterations of SWI/SNF-complex associated genes, which are supposed to serve as tumor suppressor genes in various tumour entities. Our results suggest a possible implication of rare tumour subtypes in the WHO classification for EACs according to the classification for gastric cancer. Furthermore, claudin-6 positive tumors show promising efficacy of CAR T cell therapies in clinical studies. This represents a personalized therapeutic option for this tumor subtype.
An Evaluation Method of Dental Treatment Quality Combined with Deep Learning and Multi-index Decomposition
Authors: Peng Gang , Liu Jie , Yan Feng , Liu Beicun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Dentists judge the quality of dental treatment for each patient is very time-consuming, and inefficient, lack of quantitative evaluation criteria, easy to cause errors. At the same time, the traditional method of extracting tooth and root canal image features based on experience is difficult to accurately extract the tooth area and root canal filling area, resulting in low accuracy of tooth and root canal segmentation, which in turn affects the accuracy of tooth treatment quality evaluation. In this paper, the deep learning convolutional neural network is used to segment the root canal filling area, tooth boundary and the boundary between tooth and soft tissue for the real patient ’s root canal treatment and filling image. Finally, the segmented image is quantitatively evaluated according to the multi-evaluation index of professional doctors. The experimental results show that the intelligent evaluation method of dental treatment quality combined with deep learning and multi-index decomposition proposed in this paper not only unifies the evaluation criteria of dental treatment quality, but also the therapeutic effect of quantitative scoring can effectively improve the work efficiency of doctors, which has reference significance for the application of artificial intelligence in the medical field.
Do osteoporosis and spinal degenerative disorders affect low back pain and related disorders? The Wakayama Spine Study
Authors: Iwata Shoei , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yoshimura Noriko , Oka Hiroyuki , Iwahashi Hiroki , Ishimoto Yuyu , Nagata Keiji , Teraguchi Masatoshi , Kagotani Ryohei , Sasaki Takahide , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshida Munehito , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the coexistence of osteoporosis (OP) and spinal degenerative disorders in the general population, determine the factors influencing low back pain (LBP), and how they impact the activities of daily living (ADL) and physical performance in older individuals with multiple comorbidities. This cross-sectional study was part of a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan, involving 1,009 participants who underwent spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess cervical cord compression, radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis, and lumbar disc degeneration. Vertebral fractures (VF) in the thoracolumbar spine were evaluated using sagittal MRI with a semi-quantitative method. Bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. LBP, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and physical performance tests, such as one-leg standing time, five times chair-stand time, maximum walking speed, and maximum step length, were assessed. Using clinical conditions as objective variables and image evaluation parameters as explanatory variables, multiple regression analysis showed that VF was significantly associated with LBP and ODI. VF and OP were significantly associated with physical performance, whereas OP alone was not significantly associated with LBP or ODI (all P<0.05). Our findings contribute to new insights on LBPand its impact on ADL and physical performance.
The in vivo biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse model: albumin is the major biofilm matrix
Authors: Shu Jwu-Ching , Hsu Chi-Yu , Wu Chih-Ching , Lin Mei-Hui , Chen Chien-Cheng , Hsiao Ching-Hsi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Generally, Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are composed of proteins, extracellular DNA (eDNA), and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Our knowledge of biofilm development is largely derived from in vitro systems. The molecular mechanisms underlying in vivo biofilm formation remain unclear. We analyzed murine catheter-associated biofilms through a proteomic approach and demonstrated the potential development process of the in vivo biofilm matrix. The biofilm-forming capacity of different S. aureus strains was evaluated through the classical static biofilm assay in vitro or subcutaneous implantation of a catheter infection model in mice. The protein composition of the in vivo biofilm matrix was analyzed through a proteomic approach. An albumin pull-down assay was employed to identify cell wall proteins interacting with albumin, followed by characterization using a bacterial adhesion assay. The expression levels of biofilm-associated genes were determined using qRT-PCR. The S. aureus strains used in this study produced exopolysaccharide-rich biofilms in vitro but proteinaceous biofilm matrices in vivo. Proteomic analysis showed that albumin was one of the most abundant proteins in the in vivo biofilms and was specifically incorporated into the biofilm matrix. Staphylococcal fibronectin-binding proteins were characterized as binding with albumin to form biofilms that were stabilized with eDNA. The production of PIA was suppressed in the presence of albumin. In vitro biofilm nonproducers may utilize host factors to form biofilms in vivo. We demonstrated that S. aureus used different strategies to develop biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides insight into the strategies used in eradicating biofilms in hosts.
An integrated wave modelling framework for classifying extreme events in the English Channel and on the Normandy coasts
Authors: Solano Carlos López , Turki Emma Imen , Mendoza Ernesto Tonatiuh , Barceló Ángel David Gutiérrez , Migaud Antonin , Laignel Benoit , Lafite Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Coastal storms have a significant impact on population and environments lying on the shore, and, in a context of climate change, the magnitude and frequency of these impacts are increasing. The English Channel, located between France and the United Kingdom, is one of the most impacted areas in terms of human activity, being also one of the most exposed spots to the effects of coastal extreme events, which are of great importance due to the specific morphology of the basin. Getting to know the characteristics of the storms that arrive to the English Channel and their evolution through it until they arrive to the coast is essential to define the actions that should be taken into consideration to protect these populations and environments. In this study, a database of sea level and waves is generated, selecting the most important extreme events during 12 years in terms of wave height, direction, and duration. Then, a classification is carried out to finally follow the most representative storms when they propagate from the shelf seas of English Channel to the Normandy coasts, in the North of France.
“A true life changing event I will take with me on the journey of life”: Results from a mixed- method pilot study evaluating an emotion intervention for people with eating disorders
Authors: Vuillier Laura , Greville-Harris Maddy , Talbot Catherine Valerie , May Liz , Moseley Rachel Louise 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Eating disorders (EDs) have a worldwide prevalence of 7.8%, with towering mortality rates and high healthcare costs. The current recommended treatment for EDs principally works by directly targeting ED thoughts and behaviours, but recovery rates are low. A multifaceted link between difficulties with emotions and EDs is now widely established, and newer third-wave therapies that aim to address these underlying emotion difficulties are promising. The current study piloted an emotion self-help intervention which was co-developed with clinicians and people with lived experienced of EDs. The intervention aimed to specifically address difficulties with emotion identification and regulation, as well as unhelpful beliefs about emotions, which are believed to give rise to and maintain ED thoughts and behaviours.
Method
We recruited 39 people with self-reported EDs to test this intervention over a one-week period. Our participants were asked to complete a series of questionnaires measuring emotion processes and psychopathology on Day 1 (T1) before being given access to the intervention. Participants were then asked to practice the newly acquired skills for seven days, before taking the same questionnaires on Day 9 (T2). We also asked participants to qualitatively report on their experience of the intervention.
Results
We found significant improvements in ED psychopathology (ED-15), depression (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7) pre- to post-intervention, with medium to large effect sizes. All our emotion variables namely alexithymia (TAS-20), difficulties regulating emotions (DERS-SF), and unhelpful beliefs about emotions (EBQ) also showed significant changes post-intervention with medium to large effect sizes. Most importantly, changes in emotion regulation processes were linked to improved eating psychopathology. The qualitative analysis corroborated this finding, highlighting how the intervention helped them form new beliefs about emotions, which helped them reduce ED behaviours.
Discussion
Significant improvements in emotion processing and regulations, as well as psychopathology, along with positive qualitative feedback, suggest that the intervention effectively met its aims of increasing awareness of the link between emotions and eating psychopathology, providing help to identify and regulate emotions, and normalising emotional experiences. While our results are promising, further research is required to assess its effectiveness longer term and in clinical settings.
Somatic embryogenesis in Vaccinium vitis-idaea and genetic fidelity evaluation of regenerants using molecular markers together with their phytochemical profile.
Authors: Kundu Sayani , Barua Rajesh , Marshall Dawn , Siow Yaw , Igamberdiev Abir , Debnath Samir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A proficient plant propagation technique using somatic embryogenesis was successfully established in lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), a small evergreen shrub. The formation of callus and somatic embryos was observed in two lingonberry genotypes during the process. The most favorable conditions for embryogenic callus induction were observed on a nutrient medium supplemented with 5.5 µM thidiazuron. To confirm the development of somatic embryos, scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted. The embryos were further cultured on a nutrient medium with 4.0 μM zeatin to facilitate their transformation into plantlets. The growth chamber-maintained ex vitro plants were compared with in vitro-grown somatic embryonic plants to determine whether the regenerants exhibited clonal stability. This was done by using 3 EST-SSR, 3 EST-PCR, and 3 genomic SSR primers. All in vitro- and ex vitro-grown plants displayed similar monomorphic amplification profiles in both genotypes, indicating that they maintained genetic fidelity. The total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents, antioxidant activity, and the catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were higher in SE plants than ex vitro-grown plants. On the other hand, total phenolic and proanthocyanin contents and glutathione reductase enzyme activity was more in the ex vitro plants compared to SE plants.