bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Hypertension with serum ferritin level in local population of Mirpurkhas.
Authors: Habib-ur-Rehman Chohan  , Syed Hafeez-ul-Hassan  , Syed Farhan-ud-din  , Muhammad Tariq  , Rehana Habib Chohan  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Raised serum ferritin causes disturbance in the body metabolism leading to dyslipidemia, adiposity and hypertension.
Objective: is to investigate the ferritin level and its possible effects on arterial blood pressure of local population.
Methodology: This prospective, case control study was conducted during June 2017 to November 2018 in the Department of Physiology, Muhammad Medical College; Mirpurkhas Sindh after taking approval from ethical review committee. 50 hypertensive patients without any comorbid of either genders and an equal number of healthy age and sex matched controls were included in the study. Arterial pressure was measured by mercuric sphygmomanometer using standard method while serum ferritin was estimated by ELISA.
Results: The mean age of patients was 55.2 ±11.14, and of controls was 47.12 ±14.29. The mean BMI of patients was 24.27 ±3.347 and of controls was 24.71±2.57. The difference in mean systolic blood pressure of patients (129.90 ±17.2mmHg), and controls (118.80 ±11.89) was statistically significant (p=0.013). Similarly, the mean diastolic blood pressure of patients was 83.60 mmHg ± 10.83 and for controls it was 76.40 ±7.63 with significant difference (p=0.025). The difference between mean serum ferritin level of patients (226.32±99.83) and controls (224.0 ±69.62) was also statistically significant (p=0.001). The correlation coefficient was statistically significant showing r value of ferritin with diastolic pressure r ═ 0.14, with systolic pressure r = 0.16 and with hypertension (both systolic and diastolic pressures) r = 0.21.
Conclusion: This study showed significant association of Hypertension with serum ferritin.
Keywords: Ferritin, BMI, Hypertension.
Importance of ellipsoid zone line in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
Authors: Mahtab Alam Khanzada  , Sharjeel Sultan  , Azfar Ahmed Mirza  , Ghulam Hyder Sahito  , Mona Liza Mahesar  , Imtiaz Ahmed Gilal  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a worst manifestation of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Current advanced techniques may reverse DME, usually evaluated by the improvement in visual acuity (VA). In clinical practice VA is not improved even after marked decrease in the macular thickness. Structures abnormalities for example to ellipsoid zone (EZ) may account for post treatment visual outcome.
Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between Ellipsoid Zone line (EZ Line) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after treating diabetic macular edema in type II diabetic patients.
Methodology: For this prospective and observational study patients of type II diabetes mellitus with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) without proliferative diabetic retinopathy were recruited. The BCVA was recorded by Snellen Acuity Chart and discriminant values of macular thickness and EZ line defect were evaluated using Ocular Coherence Tomography at the time of presentation and during follow-up period. SPSS 22 version was used for results analysis
Results: At 6th months follow-up, overall improvement in interruption of EZ line was good but statistically significant (P≤ 0.001) was found in sub class II a. The mean reduction in central sub foveal thickness (CSFT) was found significant (P≤ 0.001) in all class of EZ line but the mean value of BCVA in class I EZ line (70±SD18, P≤ 0.001) was better than class II (45±SD18, P-value = 0.021); and we did not find any correlation between the BCVA and level of interruption of EZ line after progressive decrease in CSFT (r = 0.210, P-value = 0.021).
Conclusion: It has been concluded the by the quantitative measurement of retinal layer with OCT we can say that EZ line continuity is closely linked to visual outcome in eyes with macular edema.
Keywords: Ellipsoid Zone Line, CME, Integrity of IS OS junction, CSFT
The metabolic consequences of energy drink consumption in Wistar Albino rats- A cross sectional study.
Authors: Fatima Rehman  , Sadia Rehman  , Zia-Ul-Islam  , Tabinda Urooj  , Huma Salahuddin  , Madiha Mushtaque  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Energy drinks (EDs) are caffeinated beverages, consumed mostly by the young individuals for the sake of getting an instant energy. They also contain some herbal extracts like guarana, ginseng and ginkgo biloba along with B-vitamins and taurine. The undesirable effects are mostly due to a high content of caffeine and glucose in it, which have both the short as well as long term implications. The increase usage of caffeinated beverages among the young population is a matter of concern.
Objectives: To estimate the metabolic consequences of energy drink consumption in Wistar albino rats.
Methodology: For this cross-sectional experimental study, thirty adult male Wistar Albino rats weighing between 250-300 grams were obtained from the animal house of BMSI. Three groups of equally divided number were made and labeled as A, B and C. Animals of Group A served as controls and were fed on a regular laboratory diet and water ad libitum. Animal of B & C groups, in addition to laboratory diet were also feed a Energy Drink in different dose orally via a gastric tube for a period of thirty days on daily basis. Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin were measured in control and treated groups at the end of experimental period.
Results: Fasting blood sugar was found to be significantly elevated in both the low-dose treated (126.80±8.69) as well as high dose treated animals (147.60±8.93) as compared to the control group animals (90.10±13.37). A dose dependent decrease in serum insulin was also observed in the experimental groups. The insulin concentration of group B & C was found to be 7.45±0.82 and 5.66 ±0.36 respectively as compared to 13.61±1.77 in group A animals.
Conclusion: Energy drink consumption can contribute to increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders by interfering the regular glucose metabolism.
Keywords: Energy drinks, glucose metabolism, metabolic disorders, serum insulin
Prevention and management of prostate cancer: A review.
Authors: Anila Faisal Memon  , Aliya Zaman  , Afsheen Qazi  , Aqeela Memon  , Aqsa Noureen  , AlFarah Rehmatullah  
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this review article is to critically assess the prevention and management strategies of prostate cancer. There is also a marked decrease in the mortality rates of prostate cancer in developed countries, the reason is largely unknown, but it is being suggested that it could be due to the early identification of prostate cancer through prostate specific antigen screening and early aggressive therapy. The resistance spills over to the complemen-tary medications such as the androgen inhibiting drugs, abiraterone, and enzalutamide, resulting in the form of cross-resistance. It is an obligation by care providers to counsel the people living with aging male prostate cancer on the importance of consuming healthy foods that will raise the odds of suppressing cancer development. The basis for settling on a restorative life-style prevention measure is because it is not associated with any risks com-pared to other alternatives. Regardless of the positive experience in using Prostate Health Index (PHI), the search for new biomarkers for the aggres-siveness assessment of prostate tumors is still needed.
Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Biomarkers, Tumors, Prevention, Management, Prostate Health Index.
Knowledge, practices and barriers in family planning.
Authors: Rabia jamil  , Fiza Ali Khan  , Shabana Ramzan  , Lubna Ali  , Raishem Ali  , Nazia Hakeem  
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, practices and barriers of family planning in child bearing age women.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Obstet-rics and Gynecology unit II Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau civil hospital Karachi from April 2019 to June 2019. During this period 399 women after being discharged from hospital were assessed for knowledge, practices of contraception and presumed barriers for using contraception. The responses were documented on self-designed question-naire.Results: Mean age of candidates was 29.72 ±4.72 years. 66% women were not for-mally educated. 88.7% of women had knowledge about family planning methods and the major source of information was friends and relatives (42%). Only 40.6% women were practicing contraception and majority of them were using barrier method (24.6%). Any method was not used by 59.4% of women due to multiple reasons. The major barrier was fear of side effects (27.6%).Conclusion: Our study population was well aware about contraceptive methods but underutilized due to family pressures .Women education and counseling along with husband and mother in law can improve family planning measures. The government and media should do active measures in spreading information about various availa-ble methods of contraception and their side effects.
Keywords: Knowledge, Practices, Barriers, Contraception
Indications and rate of cesarean section after induction of labor.
Authors: Koshila  , Geeta Bai  , Sajida Muneer  , Pushpa Goswami  , Hemlata  , Farhana Rajpar  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Frequency of cesarean delivery has exceeded 10 to 15 percent whichis optional by World Health Organization. Not necessarily required cesarean deliveries might be related to augmented danger of neonatal as well as maternal mortality.Objectives: To assess indications and rate of cesarean section after induction oflabor at Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro.Methodology: This descriptive study was carried at Liaquat University of Medicaland Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. All pregnant ladies aged between 18 to 35 years who were undergoing inductioneither at term or after term were included.Results: Labor induced by prostaglandin in 41.7%, by Foley’s in 23.5% while in34.8% women, both aforementioned procedures used for augmenting labor. Subsequent to induction of labor, cesarean section was needed in 28.3%. Bishop scorewas from 0 to 5 in 43% & ≥ 6 in 57%. Cesarean section performed in 29.5% laborinduced women. In 40% of labor induced women, the ground behind performingcesarean section was fetal distress while in 34% was extended labor.Conclusion: C-section needed in 28.3% labor induced ladies. Fetal distress and prolong labor are most common indications for C-section.
Keywords: Cesarean section, Indications, Induction, Labor.
Perception of covid-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Hira Ashfaq  , Sabin Zafar  , Sundas Dastagir  , Bushra Kiran Naeem  , Imrana Zulfikar  , Raheel Ahmed  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: COVID-19 vaccine was approved in late 2020 for healthcare workersand were made available for public in early 2021. Healthcare workers opinions andknowledge about vaccine safety directly impacts public perception about the vaccine.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the perception of health care workerstowards administration of COVID-19 vaccine and to access the awareness of COVIDvaccine among healthcare workers in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.Methodology: This survey based study was conducted between February 2021 toApril 2021. Total 405 health care professionals approached electronically and datacollected, after taking consent, using a questionnaire. Analysis was done by SPSSversion 21.Results: 405 health care professionals participated in current survey. Female outnumber male participants. Although majority were willing to be vaccinated, thoserefusing were afraid of the side effects of the vaccine.Conclusion: Healthcare workers, both from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, have highacceptance ratio for COVID-19 vaccine. Fear of adverse effects and myths are themajor factors for refusal of vaccine..
Keywords: Covid-19; SARS CoV-2; Healthcare workers; Vaccine
Knowledge and Awareness of Forensic Odontology among Dental Professionals of Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Sono Mal  , Jaweria Munir  , Mirza Farhat Hussain , Mukkaram Ali  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Forensic dentistry is a challenging and fascinating branch of forensic science that involves the application of dental sciences in the identification of deceased individuals through the comparison of ante and postmortem records. (1)
Objective: The research will not only highlight the need of implementing Forensic Odontology training in undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum in the country by investigating knowledge and awareness of dental professionals towards Forensic Odontology specially related to identification, age, mass disasters and child abuse
Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 8 private and public dental colleges after approval from institutional authorities to assess knowledge and awareness of forensic Odontology among dental professionals in Karachi
Results: Most of the research participants (84.9%) denied having any experience related to medico-legal cases. For both genders of respondents, 69% thought their knowledge was not sufficient to give medico-legal opinion. In addition, approximately 79.3% of them did not receive any formal training for collecting and preserving dental evidence. However, a vast majority of respondents (75 %) dentists want Forensic Odontology to be included as a separate subject in the undergraduate curriculum
Conclusion:By including Forensic Odontology as a separate subject in the undergraduate curriculum and as a speciality in postgraduate curriculum, dentists will gain knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of analysis and preservation of dental evidence.
Key words: Forensic Odontology, Medicolegal, Under & Postgraduate Studies
AUTOPSY: Knowledge and Perception of undergraduate medical students in current teaching system
Authors: Ramlah Naz  , Mehreen Fatima  , Smbreen Zameer  , Summaiya Tariq  , Rukhsana Rubeen  , Aysha Ahmed  , Abro Fiza Qambar , Amna Ahmed  
Published: January 2024

Objective: To evaluate their acquaintance about autopsy, appropriate way of teaching and to appraise their views for the procedure of autopsy and recognition of Forensic as profession.
Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was done in 2015 to 2016, in a public university running modular system. Data were collected by convenient method, from students of 3rd year and ahead. More than 250 forms were distributed and only 193 completed and analyzed by SPSS 17.
Results: Out of 193 students, 165 students claimed to recognize the “autopsy” and 28 not understand the procedure. Only 20 students observed more than 4 autopsies. Out of 193, 179 believed that Forensic education should not be scrapped from the medical syllabi. For teaching methodology 123 preferred a live autopsy and 64 students appreciated watching videos and only 6 favoured books. About 167 students stated autopsy as mandatory in all unsuspected deaths, and 172 agreed for usefulness in medical education but 111 found it disrespectful to the dead body. Around 166 students consider forensic not a prospective profession and 93 suggested its limited scope in Pakistan.
Conclusion: Students were aware of the value and necessity of autopsy as a medicolegal procedure. Adequate time must be fixed for viewing autopsy procedures to insure their complete competency. There is need for continuing efforts to improve the teaching of autopsy within a modular system.
Keywords: Autopsy, Undergraduate Medical Education, Forensic Medicine, Forensic Education
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among Medical Students in MMCH, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Syed Abdul Razzaq , Hassan Asghar  , Hafiz Aqeel Irshad  , Noor Ali Samoon  , Syed Razi Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Medical education is stressful. High levels of stress have been seen in medical students in various studies. The academic stressors include the volume of material to be learned, academic performance and evaluation, examination and continuous assessment, mental tension and too much work load. All this can result in decreased life satisfaction among students. Stress during medical school can lead to problems later in professional life compromising patient care.
Objectives: To know the prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students of Muhammad Medical College, Mirpurkhas, Sindh, Pakistan
Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was done on the students of Muhammad Medical College, Mirpurkhas, Sindh, who had spent more than six months in the medical college. Self-administered questionnaire was given to the students, present in the class and willing to participate in the study. The instrument used to assess the anxiety and depression levels was the, Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS). Additional quotations regarding socioeconomic variables were also included in them survey instrument, such as student’s age order, family monthly income, and gender, marital status.
Results: Using anxiety and depression scale it was found out that 318 (96.36%) students had anxiety and depression. Among them 215 (67.61%) were females and 103 (32.38%) males. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in students of Final, 4th year and 3rd year 2nd and 1st years was 13%, 15%, 20% and 21%, 28% respectively. It was significantly higher in 1st year and 2nd year students, as compared to final and 4th year and students.
Conclusions: Most of medical students have anxiety and depression due to study burden and a busy schedule. It is also seen that anxiety and depression is more among female medical students, and more among in 1st year and 2nd year MBBS students, as compared to the final and forth year students.

Keywords: Anxiety, depression, Medical students, prevalence
Spectrum of Diseases in Patients with Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen.
Authors: Syed Abdul Razzaq  , Hassan Asghar  , Hafiz Aqeel Irshad  , Syed Razi Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Acute Abdomen is the most common presenting complaints about 20% of all emergency department, due to its varied etiology it poses significant diagnostic challenges for emergency surgeons. The proper management of patients with acute abdominal pain requires a timely decision about the need for surgical operation.
Objective: To identify the spectrum of diseases in patients of non-traumatic leading to Acute abdomen, presenting in a surgical unit.
Methodology: During Jan 2012 to Dec 2014, this retrospective study conducted at Surgical Department of Muhammad Medical College, all patients presenting with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain were included in this study. Gynecological and urological causes were excluded. The patient diagnosis and management were recorded from the case files and OT registers.
Results: During the period, a total of 216 patients presented with non-traumatic acute abdomen; of which there were 145 (67.12%) males and 71 (32.87%) females, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The highest incidence of acute abdomen 72 (33.33%) was found in patients of 22-32 years age group followed by under 21 years age group i.e. 51 (23.61%) and 33-42 years age group 43 (19.90%). There were 31 (14.35%) cases in 43-52 years and 19 (8.79%) cases in 53-70 years.
The most common cause of acute abdomen was acute appendicitis 105 (48.61%) admissions. These patients were mostly young males in twenties. Intestinal obstruction was second cause 45 (20.83%) cases and this affected more commonly the middle-aged persons. Two hundred and seven (95.83 %) patients were treated successfully and discharged home while 5 (2.31 %) left against medical advice, while 4 expired giving a mortality of (1.85) % in patients with gut perforation
Conclusion: The most common cause of acute abdomen is acute appendicitis affecting young population mostly. Another common cause is intestinal obstruction and gut perforation. Acute cholecystitis commonly affects the middle aged, post-menopausal women. Hepatic abscess and Pancreatitis are rare cause of acute abdomen in this area.
Key Words: Acute abdomen. Non-traumatic Acute appendicitis, Intestinal obstruction.
Pattern of acute diarrhea and its management among children at DHQ Hospital, Attock city from July-August 2014.
Authors: Amna Bibi  , Muhammad Ilyas Riaz  , Muhammad Umar Noor  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Acute diarrhea is the 2nd most common cause of death among children under 5 years age countrywide. It is the passage of watery or loose stools 3 or more times in 24 hours and lasting less than 14 days.
Methodology: This Comparative study was carried out at DHQ Hospital Attock City from July-August 2014 by using a close ended questionnaire.
Results: From July 2014-August 2014, a total of 40 children having acute diarrhea were hospitalized in the DHQ Hospital Pediatric ward. There were more males n=24(60%) then females n=16 (40%) and the male to female ratio was 1.5: 1. 50% of the patients presented in 2nd half of 1st year. n=32 (80%) children presented with 4 days of illness. All patients had passed 8-10 stools per day. One had passed 15-20 stools per day. n=9 (22.5%) child pass small amount of blood/ mucous in stools. Exclusive breastfeeding was reported in n=8 (20%) of the patients. n=18 (45%) children did not show any signs of dehydration, n=15 (37.5%) showed some dehydration and n=7 (17.5%) showed severe dehydration. Symptoms associated with diarrhea were fever n=31 (77.5%), cough n=17 (17.5%), vomiting n=8 (20%), oral thrush n=1 (2.5%). Blood CP n=39 (97.5%), ESR, Stool Examination n=31 (77.5%), X-Ray Chest n=8 (20%) were the investigations done in children. ORS/OEM use rate was 40 (100%) while rate of antibiotic (ceftriaxone) was n=7 (17.5%), n=33 (82.5%) received Zinc Sulphate in syrup form, n=31 (77.5%) received Syrup Paracetamol.
Conclusion: Diarrhea is a common illness among children under 1-year age. Fever is the most common associated symptom with diarrhea. Parenteral diarrhea due to abdominal infections is also predominant condition.
Key Words: Diarrhea, Abdominal infections, Oral rehydration salt.