bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased crevassing across accelerating Greenland Ice Sheet margins
Authors: Chudley Thomas R. , Howat Ian M. , King Michalea D. , MacKie Emma J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface crevassing on the Greenland Ice Sheet is a large source of uncertainty in processes controlling mass loss due to a lack of comprehensive observations of their location and evolution through time. Here we use high-resolution digital elevation models to map the three-dimensional volume of crevasse fields across the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2016 and 2021. We show that, between the two years, large and significant increases in crevasse volume occurred at marine-terminating sectors with accelerating flow (up to +25.3 ± 10.1% in the southeast sector), while the change in total ice-sheet-wide crevasse volume was within measurement error (+4.3 ± 5.9%). The sectoral increases were offset by a reduction in crevasse volume in the central west sector (−14.2 ± 3.2%), particularly at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), which exhibited slowdown and thickening over the study period. Changes in crevasse volume correlate strongly with antecedent discharge changes, indicating that the acceleration of ice flow in Greenland forces significant increases in crevassing on a timescale of less than five years. This response provides a mechanism for mass-loss-promoting feedbacks on sub-decadal timescales, including increased calving, faster flow and accelerated water transfer to the bed.
Climatological Atlas of Temperature and Salinity for the Northeast Asian Seas
Authors: Kim Yong Sun , Seok Soo-Hyun , Lee Jae-Ho , Kim Sung-Dae 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study describes a monthly Atlas for the Northeast Asian Seas 2023 (ANAS23) with a 1/10° horizontal resolution and 73 vertical levels. For ANAS23, over 1.6 million hydrographic profiles were analyzed, utilizing a simple kriging interpolation technique, which considers data density and their covariance at each grid point, along with a profile stabilizing method to minimize damage to water-mass structures. Comparison of ANAS23 with previously published atlases, repeated sectional observations, and satellite-based geostrophic current fields reveals that the ANAS23 provides reliable descriptions of the spatial distribution of water masses, currents, thermohaline fronts, and mesoscale eddies while avoiding spike-shape noises, vertical instabilities, and artificial waters, particularly over large-topographic features. The ANAS23 could be utilized as a baseline to assess the dynamic state of climatological mean fields and their changes under evolving climates. The fact that uncertainty among atlases is still apparent, particularly in a region of scarce observations, calls for a collaborative international effort to collect qualified hydrographic observations for a better-performing regional atlas, thus improving predictive skills for future climate.
Halodule uninervis extract facilitates the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with anticancer activity
Authors: Wehbe Nadine , Mesmar Joelle Edward , El Kurdi Riham , Al-Sawalmih Ali , Badran Adnan , Patra Digambara , Baydoun Elias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized in a plethora of applications due to their unique optical properties, high stability, and great biocompatibility. The use of plant extracts in the biosynthesis of AuNPs has emerged as an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and nontoxic approach. In the present study, the ethanolic extract of Halodule uninervis (HUE) was used for the first time in the green synthesis of AuNPs. The biogenic AuNPs were characterized using several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and their anticancer potential was investigated. They displayed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 550 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis proved the synthesis of small and spherical AuNPs with a zeta potential of − 27.66 mV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern established the crystalline nature of AuNPs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirmed the role of HUE in the capping and stabilization of the manufactured AuNPs. The produced AuNPs exhibited anticancer activity against several human cancer cell lines, highlighting their potential efficacy as anticancer therapeutic agents. Further analysis revealed that this observed cytotoxicity is mediated via the induction of apoptosis. Overall, our data validate the effective use of H. uninervis extract in the biosynthesis of AuNPs with significant biological properties.
Prediction of the axial compression capacity of ECC-CES columns using adaptive sampling and machine learning techniques
Authors: Megahed Khaled 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An innovative form of concrete-encased steel (CES) composite columns incorporating engineered cementitious composites (ECC) confinement (ECC-CES) has recently been introduced, displaying superior performance in failure behavior, ductility, and toughness compared to traditional CES columns. This study presents an innovative approach to predicting the axial capacity of ECC-CES columns using adaptive sampling and machine learning (ML) techniques. This study initially introduces a finite element (FE) modeling for ECC-CES columns, integrating material and geometric nonlinearities to accurately capture the inelastic behavior of ECC and steel through appropriate constitutive material laws. The FE model was validated against experimental data and demonstrated strong predictive accuracy. An adaptive sampling process is employed for efficient exploration of the design space to generate a database of 840 FE models. Subsequently, seven ML models are utilized to predict the axial compression capacity based on the FE database. These models were comprehensively evaluated, displaying a superior prediction performance compared to design standards such as EC4 and AISC360. From evolution metrics, the Gaussian process regression, CatBoost (CATB), and LightGBM (LGBM) models emerged as the most accurate and reliable model, with nearly more than 97% of FE samples within the 10% error range. Despite the robust performance of the ML models, their black-box nature limits practical applicability in design contexts. To address this, the study proposes a symbolic regression-derived design that offers interpretable, explicit design equations with competitive performance metrics.
Ultrabroadband near-infrared emission profiling in multicore optical fibers doped with Er3+ and Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ ions
Authors: Markiewicz Jakub , Kochanowicz Marcin , Ragiń Tomasz , Miluski Piotr , Pisarski Wojciech A. , Pisarska Joanna , Kuwik Marta , Dorosz Dominik , Leich Martin , Jäger Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents novel multicore fibers with broadband emission in the 1.4–2.1 μm range. Based on our previous work with barium gallo-germanate glasses and fibers, the 4 and 11-core fiber structures, each containing core glasses doped with Er3+ and Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+, were developed. Our efforts have resulted in flat emission in 3 dB and 10 dB bands, achievable under excitation at 796 nm, 808 nm, 940 nm, and 980 nm. The measured emission spectra of these fibers are described as a superposition of emission bands from each individual core, corresponding to the transitions of Er3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+ ions. Our method demonstrates the potential of emission profiling in multicore optical fibers as a new way to construct eye-safe broadband fiber sources.
Research on cutting mechanism and process optimization method of gear skiving
Authors: Wang Peng , Ni Yuanchao , Wu Xiaoqiang , Ji Jiaxue , Li Geng , Wu Jiahao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cutting force and cutting temperature have a significant impact on the service life and durability of gear skiving cutters. Due to unreasonable design, the existing process parameters lead to dramatically nonuniform cutting force and cutting temperature, which aggravates the rapid wear of gear skiving cutters. To address this issue, this paper first establishes a finite element model of skiving the internal circular arc tooth in pin wheel housing, and the simulation model is simplified to improve computation efficiency. Next, the impact of single process parameter on cutting force and cutting temperature is analyzed by controlling variable. Then, an orthogonal experiment is designed and the method of range analysis is employed to evaluate the significance of each process parameter. Furthermore, a prediction model of cutting force and cutting temperature is established using a neural network optimized by genetic algorithm. This prediction model allows for the construction of a multi-objective optimization model for the process parameters. By solving this model, the optimal combination of process parameters within the given ranges can be obtained to achieve reasonable and balanced cutting force and cutting temperature.
Experimental data suggest between population reversal in the condition dependence of two sexually selected traits
Authors: Hegyi Gergely , Laczi Miklós , Szabó Gyula , Kötél Dóra , Sarkadi Fanni , Török János 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When viewing mate choice as a process of adaptive evolution, the condition-dependence of sexual ornaments represents a central pillar. Experimental tests of condition-dependence are few and refer to one population per species. The first brood size manipulation experiment aimed to test ornament condition-dependence had been reported from a Swedish population of collared flycatchers. Here we report a similar experiment conducted in a Hungarian population, examining the change of white plumage patch sizes of male parents by the next year and the patch sizes of male offspring in adulthood. The results consistently indicate that experimentally modified reproductive effort affects male wing, but not forehead patch size. To the contrary, previous results from the Swedish population indicated significant effects on forehead, but not wing patch sizes. Both patches are sexually selected in both populations, so the diverging results offer the first experimental suggestion of a trait by population crossover in the information content of two sexual ornaments. We conclude that explaining why some ornaments are condition-dependent is still far ahead, and further, preferably experimental population comparisons would be helpful.
Surface brightness-colour relations of dwarf stars from detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Graczyk D. , Pietrzyński G. , Galan C. , Miller N. , Gieren W. , Zgirski B. , Hajdu G. , Kałuszyński M. , Chini R. , Gallenne A. , Górski M. , Karczmarek P. , Kervella P. , Kicia M. , Maxted P. F. L. , Nardetto N. , Narloch W. , Pilecki B. , Pych W. , Rojas García G. , Smolec R. , Suchomska K. , Taormina M. , Wielgórski P. 
Published: February 2025

Aims. Surface brightness-colour relations (SBCRs) are useful tools for predicting the angular diameters of stars. They offer the possibility to calculate precise spectrophotometric distances based on the eclipsing binary method or the Baade–Wesselink method. Double-lined detached eclipsing binary stars (SB2 DEBs), with precisely known trigonometric parallaxes, allow us to calibrate SBCRs with a high level of precision. To improve such calibrations, it is important to supplement the sample of suitable eclipsing binaries with precisely determined physical parameters.
Methods. We selected ten SB2 DEBs within 0.8 kpc of the Sun, which feature components of spectral types ranging from B9 to K3. We analysed their TESS and Kepler K2 space-based photometry simultaneously with the radial velocities derived from HARPS spectra using the Wilson–Devinney code. The disentangled spectra of DEBs were used to derive atmospheric parameters of their components by applying the GSSP code. The direct effective temperatures were also calculated using spectral energy distribution analysis. The O–C diagrams of the minima times were investigated to detect long-term period changes or apsidal motions.
Results. Most of the systems are composed of significantly unequal components, with mass ratios as low as ~0.5. We derived precise masses, radii, and surface temperatures for them, along with their metallicities. The average precision of mass and radii determinations is 0.3% and 1.4%, respectively, for the surface temperature. The spectroscopic and photometric temperatures of the components are usually consistent to within 100 K, but in some systems, the difference is much larger. The components of HD 149946 show the highest difference (up to 400 K), while the atmospheric models favour different surface metallicities. We also provide an updated calibration of the equivalent width of the interstellar sodium D1 line and the reddening E(B–V).
Position of X-ray low surface brightness clusters in the cosmic filament network
Authors: Zarattini S. , Andreon S. , Puddu E. 
Published: February 2025

Aims. The aim of this work is to study the position of gas-rich and gas-poor galaxy clusters within the large-scale structure and, in particular, their distance to filaments.
Methods. Our sample is built from 29 of the 34 clusters in the X-ray unbiased cluster sample (XUCS), a velocity-dispersion-selected sample for which various properties, including masses, gas fractions, and X-ray surface brightness, are available in the literature. We computed the projected distance between each cluster and the spine of the nearest filament with the same redshift, and we investigated the link between this distance and the previously mentioned properties of the clusters, in particular their gas content.
Results. The average distance between clusters and filaments is larger for low X-ray surface brightness clusters than for those of high surface brightness, with intermediate brightness clusters being an intermediate case. The minimum distance follows a similar trend, with rare cases of low surface brightness clusters found at distances smaller than 2 Mpc from the spine of filaments. However, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical test is not able to exclude the null hypothesis that the two distributions come from the same parent one. We speculate that the position of galaxy clusters within the cosmic web could have a direct impact on their gas mass fraction and hence on their X-ray surface brightness since the presence of a filament can hinder the outward flow of gas induced by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and reduce the time required for this gas to fall inward after the AGN is shut. However, a larger sample of clusters is needed in order to derive a statistically robust conclusion.
Probing specific ion effects at air-aqueous dibutyl phosphate interfaces using vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy
Authors: Louie Christina , Adhikari Narendra , Boamah Mavis D. , Clark Sue , Tuladhar Aashish , Pearce Carolyn I. , Rosso Kevin M. , Wang Zheming 
Published: February 2025

Molecular properties at air–liquid and liquid–liquid interface hold the key to many processes involving molecular transport across phase boundaries from aerosol formation to carbon cycling and material separation using solvent extraction techniques. Using dibutyl phosphate (DBP) as a representative for partially aqueous soluble surfactants, the specific ion effect (SIE) of the Hofmeister series cations Cs+, Na+, Li+, and Mg2+ on the partition and interaction between surfactant molecules and water molecules in the air–aqueous interface are investigated using vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy and surface tension measurements. In the presence of 1 mM and 1M bulk aqueous phase ionic strength salt concentrations, fundamental qualitative relationships are observed for the salting out of DBP relative to bulk aqueous phase nitrate salt concentrations and the specific cations species. At 1 mM ionic strength, the interfacial charge and hence the interfacial potential modulates the electrostatic interactions; in particular, the counter cations partially screen the negatively charged interface induced by the DBP in a direct Hofmeister order. At 1M ionic strength, the electric field at the interface or interfacial potential is effectively neutralized, and the counter cations promote the partitioning of DBP to the interface depending on their specific interaction with the DBP head group and metal ion hydration properties. The present results lay a foundation to study SIEs of heavier metals on hydrophobic-aqueous DBP interfaces.
Inferring interphase chromosomal structure from multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization data: A unified picture from human and mouse cells
Authors: Remini Loucif , Segers Midas , Parmeggiani Andrea , Carlon Enrico 
Published: February 2025

We analyze multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (m-FISH) data for human and mouse cell lines. The m-FISH technique uses fluorescently-labeled single-stranded probes which hybridize to specific chromosomal regions, thereby allowing the measurement of the spatial positions of up to ∼100 tagged sites for several thousands of interphase chromosomes. Our analysis focuses on a wide range of different cell lines and two distinct organisms and provides a unified picture of chromatin structure for scales ranging from 5 kb (kilobases) up to 2 Mb (megabases), thus covering a genomic region of almost three orders of magnitude. Confirming recent analysis [Remini et al., Phys. Rev. E 109, 024408 (2024)], we show that there are two characteristic arrangements of chromatin referred to as phase α (crumpled globule) and phase β (looped domain) and discuss the physical properties of these phases. We show that a simple heterogeneous random walk model captures the main behavior observed in experiments and brings considerable insights into chromosomal structure.
Influence of surface chemistry on Li nucleation energetics on graphene-based surfaces
Authors: Li Sichi , Wang Bo , Heo Tae Wook , Wood Marissa 
Published: February 2025

Lithium metal is a promising high-capacity anode material for solid-state batteries, but it typically suffers from poor cyclability. Carbon scaffold hosts have the potential to improve this performance due to their high electronic conductivity and large surface area, which facilitates lithium-ion adsorption and desorption. Scaffold surface chemistry is known to significantly influence performance outcomes, but the details of these interactions are not fully understood. This study employs first-principles simulations to explore lithium transport and nucleation on graphene anodes with various surface chemistries. Using enhanced sampling techniques, ab initio molecular dynamics, and density functional theory calculations, we find that although surface chemistry has a minimal impact on lithium interfacial transport, it influences surface nucleation significantly. Both heteroatom dopants and intrinsic defects lower the nucleation barrier, creating a more favorable environment for lithium nucleation compared to pristine graphene. In addition, our results reveal a complex interplay between surface lithium concentration, lithium transport, and nucleation kinetics. These findings highlight the potential of surface modifications to precisely control nucleation processes on carbon-based anodes and provide design guidance for reducing dendrite formation and improving the cycle life of solid-state batteries.
Theoretical design of nanocatalysts based on (Fe2O3)n clusters for hydrogen production from ammonia
Authors: Ibragimov Sapajan , Lyalin Andrey , Kumar Sonu , Ono Yuriko , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Bobrowski Maciej 
Published: February 2025

The catalytic activities of high-spin small Fe(III) oxides have been investigated for efficient hydrogen production through ammonia decomposition, using the artificial force induced reaction method within the framework of density functional theory with the B3LYP hybrid exchange–correlation functional. Our results reveal that the adsorption free energy of NH3 on (Fe2O3)n (n = 1–4) decreases with increasing cluster size up to n = 3, followed by a slight increase at n = 4. The strongest NH3 adsorption energy, 28.55 kcal/mol, was found for Fe2O3, where NH3 interacts with a two-coordinated Fe site, forming an Fe–N bond with a length of 2.11 Å. A comparative analysis of NH3 dehydrogenation and H2 formation on various Fe(III) oxide sizes identifies the rate-determining steps for each reaction. We found that the rate-determining step for the full NH3 dehydrogenation on (Fe2O3)n (n = 1–4) is size-dependent, with the NH* → N* + H* reaction acting as the limiting step for n = 1–3. In addition, our findings indicate that H2 formation is favored following the partial decomposition of NH3 on Fe(III) oxides.
Excited state dynamics of a Bodipy derivative with a twisted molecular structure: Combined experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Li Bei , Liao Sheng , Li Jiayu , Chen Xi , Zhang Xue , Zhao Jianzhang , Li Ming-De , Dick Bernhard , Mazzone Gloria , Gurzadyan Gagik G. 
Published: February 2025

The photophysical properties of a boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy, BDP) derivative (BDP-SA) in which one F atom at the BDP core was replaced by an O atom and condensed with salicylaldehyde were investigated. This compound has a twisted molecular structure and unusually low fluorescence quantum yield (1% in toluene). No intersystem crossing was observed with a nanosecond transient absorption study. The triplet state lifetime of BDP-SA was determined to be 115 μs by photosensitizing. Femtosecond transient absorption shows a structure relaxation of ∼1.5 ps for the S1 excited state. Theoretical studies show conical intersections, which are responsible for the efficient non-radiative decay of the S1 state, which has extremely weak fluorescence.
Investigation of new techniques for energy and its applications
Authors: Almuneef Areej , alqahtani Zuhur , El-Shewy E. K. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A. E. 
Published: February 2025

In this article, we present a unified mathematical solver that is widely used in applied nonlinear differential equations based on the well-known tanh–coth method. We employ this solver to provide new solutions for the unstable and modified unstable nonlinear Schrödinger models. We also introduce He’s frequency technique to examine the dynamical behavior properties. The presented solutions include various mathematical structures, such as solitons, dissipative super-waves, bright and dark envelope waves, and explosive envelope waves. The behavior of the presented solutions for suitable free parameter values is depicted by two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs. The proposed approach offers various benefits, such as eliminating time-consuming and difficult calculations. The results presented here can be utilized to characterize a wide range of physical phenomena in numerous disciplines of practical study, such as pulse propagation in optical fibers and quantum field. Finally, this study increases the current understanding of mathematical methods for solving nonlinear differential equations, which may be applied to other nonlinear wave equations in other scientific areas.