bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the mechanism of ellagic acid against gastric cancer based on bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology
Authors: Liu Zhiyao , Huang Hailiang , Yu Ying , Li Lingling , Shi Xin , Wang Fangqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEllagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenolic compound. Recent studies have shown that EA has potential anticancer properties against gastric cancer (GC). This study aims to reveal the potential targets and mechanisms of EA against GC. This study adopted methods of bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology, including the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), construction of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curve analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). A total of 540 EA targets were obtained. Through WGCNA, we obtained a total of 2914 GC clinical module genes, combined with the disease database for screening, a total of 606 GC‐related targets and 79 intersection targets of EA and GC were obtained by constructing Venn diagram. PPI network was constructed to identify 14 core candidate targets; TP53, JUN, CASP3, HSP90AA1, VEGFA, HRAS, CDH1, MAPK3, CDKN1A, SRC, CYCS, BCL2L1 and CDK4 were identified as the key targets of EA regulation of GC by ROC and KM curve analysis. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways of key targets was performed, and they were mainly enriched in p53 signalling pathway, PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway. The results of molecular docking and MDS showed that EA could effectively bind to 13 key targets to form stable protein–ligand complexes. This study revealed the key targets and molecular mechanisms of EA against GC and provided a theoretical basis for further study of the pharmacological mechanism of EA against GC.
Nonpharmacological tactile activity interventions for reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the acute hospital setting: An integrative review
Authors: Davis Erin Rachel , Aggar Christina , Bissett Michelle 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo review existing research on nonpharmacological tactile activity interventions for reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the acute hospital setting.BackgroundWhen people living with dementia are admitted to hospital, they often experience an exacerbation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Pharmacological interventions are often used to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia despite the low success rate and the heightened risk of morbidity and mortality. Low‐cost alternatives that are implementable at the bedside are nonpharmacological interventions such as tactile activity interventions.DesignAn integrative review of the literature.MethodsFour databases were searched using the PRISMA framework to guide the search and screening. Eligible studies were identified and the quality of each was evaluated using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and analyse key themes across all articles. The PRISMA checklist was used to evaluate the current study.ResultsSeven studies examined the use of tactile activity interventions to reduce the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and the barriers and facilitators to implementation.ConclusionThere is limited evidence exploring tactile activity interventions for reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in acute hospital settings. Individualised approaches in combination with staffing expertise appear central to implementation.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAcute hospital settings can result in increased behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia which can be distressing for patients and family and challenging for nursing staff. Tactile activity interventions may offer a low resource bedside option to support people with dementia in acute health settings.Patient or Public ContributionNo direct patient or public contribution to the review.
‘There is always good fortune in misfortune to encourage us in coping with difficulties’—The lived experiences of family caregivers of people with dementia during the COVID‐19 outbreak in China: A phenomenological study
Authors: Zhang Qiongqiong , Li Bin , Han Jing , Chen Sanmei , Lu Yongchao , Tang Shengnan , Wang Qingyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the lived experiences of family caregivers of individuals with dementia during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak in China.DesignThis study used a descriptive phenomenological research method.MethodsBetween May and September 2021, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 family caregivers of people with dementia. Colaizzi's method was used for manual analysis.ResultsQualitative data revealed an overarching experience of finding ‘There is always good fortune in misfortune to encourage us in coping with difficulties’. Three themes emerged: family reactions to the COVID‐19 outbreak, feeling supported by multiple resources performing respective functions and resilient adaptation to new situations.ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 outbreak, family caregivers of people living with dementia in China looked for positive aspects among difficulties and experienced corresponding reactions, social support resources and resilient adapted coping styles.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareNurses in China and other countries facing similar pandemic characteristics, cultures or economic development levels, can guide family caregivers to look at family hardships from a positive perspective, develop interventions to rapidly respond to families' reactions after a disaster and help them identify social support resources and form adapted coping styles.ImpactWe identified the resilience and the positive experiences of Chinese family caregivers of individuals with dementia during the COVID‐19 outbreak. The results can inform countries with similar cultures and economic levels, offering measures to support their adaptation to pandemics.Reporting MethodThis study followed the COREQ guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionFamily caregivers of people with dementia who met the inclusion criteria and who were interested in sharing their understanding of their experiences, participated in the study.
“We been dying, and you got me on a call helping you stay alive”: Black and Latinx youth organizers' experiences of racism in gun violence prevention organizations
Authors: Wilf Sara , Reed Taylor , Millet Victoria , Ortiz Stephanie M. , Wray‐Lake Laura 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study explored Black and Latinx youth organizers' experiences of racism within national gun violence prevention organizing spaces. Interview data were analyzed from 17 Black and/or Latinx youth (Mage = 20.17, 47% women) across the United States who organized against gun violence. The findings identified three forms of racism that Black and Latinx organizers experienced in national organizations: (1) being tokenized for their racial identities and experiences without having real decision making power; (2) feeling a burden to educate their white peers about the structural causes of gun violence and how to improve organizing spaces for other youth of color; and (3) being silenced in their racially conscious organizing efforts to address the structural causes of gun violence in their communities. This research highlights how Black and Latinx youth gun violence prevention organizers contend both with structural racism in their everyday lives and racism in organizing spaces.
Sperm quality of Litopenaeus vannamei fed fresh or experimental food in two culture systems
Authors: Barral‐Pintos Xurxo , Arévalo Miguel , Escalante Karla , Arenas Martín , Morones Rodrigo , Velazquez Eduardo , Gaxiola Gabriela 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe growth of shrimp production through aquaculture has led to efforts to optimize processes such as nutrition during the prematuration and reproductive phases. This study sought an optimal culture system and diet to enhance the reproductive characteristics of male Litopenaeus vannamei during prematuration: this compared biofloc with clear water, and an experimental pellet (EP) with a mix of fresh food. Effects were measured in terms of shrimp survival, sperm quality, immunological parameters including prophenoloxidase (ProPO) and hemocyte count, nutritional condition measured as metabolites in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and reproductive tract, oxidative stress biomarkers in the hepatopancreas and reproductive tract, and relative expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, ProPO, alpha2‐macroglobulin and caspase in reproductive tract. Survival was higher with pellets (100%) than with fresh food (87%). Shrimp that were fed pellets had a higher hepatosomatic index, higher nutrient concentration in the hepatopancreas, and a higher antioxidant activity in the reproductive tract. Notably, sperm quality remained similar regardless of culture system or diet. These promising results should be ratified with a bioeconomic study to check the feasibility of hatcheries to use monosex tanks and feeding the males with EPs.
Population genomic analyses reveal population structure and major hubs of invasive Anopheles stephensi in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Samake Jeanne N. , Lavretsky Philip , Gunarathna Isuru , Follis Madison , Brown Joshua I. , Ali Said , Yared Solomon , Carter Tamar E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnopheles stephensi invasion in the Horn of Africa (HoA) poses a substantial risk of increased malaria disease burden in the region. An understanding of the history of introduction(s), establishment(s) and potential A. stephensi sources in the HoA is needed to predict future expansions and establish where they may be effectively controlled. To this end, we take a landscape genomic approach to assess A. stephensi origins and spread throughout the HoA, information essential for vector control. Specifically, we assayed 2070 genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms across 214 samples spanning 13 populations of A. stephensi from Ethiopia and Somaliland collected in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Principal component and genetic ancestry analyses revealed clustering that followed an isolation‐by‐distance pattern, with genetic divergence among the Ethiopian samples significantly correlating with geographical distance. Additionally, genetic relatedness was observed between the northeastern and east central Ethiopian A. stephensi populations and the Somaliland A. stephensi populations. These results reveal population differentiation and genetic connectivity within HoA A. stephensi populations. Furthermore, based on genetic network analysis, we uncovered that Dire Dawa, the site of a spring 2022 malaria outbreak, was one of the major hubs from which sequential founder events occurred in the rest of the eastern Ethiopian region. These findings can be useful for the selection of sites for heightened control to prevent future malaria outbreaks. Finally, we did not detect significant genotype–environmental associations, potentially due to the recency of their colonization and/or other anthropogenic factors leading to the initial spread and establishment of A. stephensi. Our study highlights how coupling genomic data at landscape levels can shed light into even ongoing invasions.
The role of glycosaminoglycans in blood pressure regulation
Authors: Afsar Baris , Afsar Rengin Elsurer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEssential hypertension (HT) is the global health problem and is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and kidney disease. High salt intake has been associated with HT and impaired kidney sodium excretion is considered to be a major mechanism for the development of HT. Although kidney has a very important role in regulation of BP, this traditional view of BP regulation was challenged by recent findings suggesting that nonosmotic tissue sodium deposition is very important for BP regulation. This new paradigm indicates that sodium can be stored and deposited nonosmotically in the interstitium without water retention and without increased BP. One of the major determinants of this deposition is glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). By binding to GAGs found in the endothelial surface layer (ESL) which contains glycocalyx, sodium is osmotically inactivated and not induce concurrent water retention. Thus, GAGs has important function for homeostatic BP and sodium regulation. In the current review, we summarized the role of GAGs in ESL and BP regulation.
Assessment of frailty and quality of life and their correlation in the haemodialysis population at Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
Authors: Shariff Aliah B. , Panlilio Norman , Kim Alice H. M. , Gupta Ankur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimEnd‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) is increasingly becoming a healthcare concern in New Zealand and haemodialysis remains the most common modality of treatment. Frailty and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) are established predictors of prognosis and have already been shown to be poor in the dialyzing population. Existing data show correlation between these measures in the ESKD population, however there is little evidence for those on haemodialysis specifically. Our study aimed to assess for a correlation between frailty and HRQOL in the haemodialysis population at Palmerston North Hospital, and to assess for any differences in frailty and HRQOL scores between indigenous Māori and non‐Māori subgroups.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 93 in‐centre haemodialysis patients from Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand. Baseline demographic data was measured alongside frailty and HRQOL scores, which were measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life tool (KDQOL‐36) and the Edmonton Frail Scale.ResultsA statistically significant negative correlation was observed between frailty and all aspects of HRQOL (p < .05), with the strongest correlation observed between frailty and the physical component (r = −.64, p = <.001). Independent samples t‐test showed no statistically significant difference between scores for Māori and non‐Māori in frailty (M = 7.4, SD = 3.3 vs. M = 6.8, SD = 3.2; t (91) = −0.92, p = .80), or HRQOL (p values > .05 in all components).ConclusionA negative correlation was observed between frailty and HRQOL. This information can be beneficial in guiding discussions around treatment modality and for future patients and useful in enabling better predictions of prognosis. No statistically significant differences in frailty and HRQOL scores were observed between Māori and non‐Māori groups, however the generalizability of this finding is limited due to the insufficient size of the study population.
Single‐cell sequencing, spatial transcriptome ad periodontitis: Rethink pathogenesis and classification
Authors: Razzouk Sleiman 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis narrative review illuminates on the application of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) in periodontitis and highlights the probability of relating cell population and gene signatures to the pathogenesis of the disease for a better diagnosis.MethodsAn electronic search of the literature in the PubMed database for the keywords, “single cell sequencing” OR “spatial transcriptomics” and “periodontitis” OR “gingiva” OR “oral mucosa” yielded 486 research articles and reviews. After filtering duplicates and careful curation, 22 papers conducted in humans were retained.ResultsThe molecular mechanisms underlying periodontitis are complex and involve the interaction of multiple cells and various gene expressions. Most residing cells in periodontal tissues participate in maintaining homeostasis and health, while in addition to infiltrating immune cells contribute to the fight against the bacterial insult.ConclusionscRNA‐seq and ST have provided new insights into the cellular and molecular changes associated with periodontitis for a better diagnosis and clinical outcome. New functions of cells and genes are revealed with these techniques; however, no cells or gene signatures are attributed to periodontitis so far.
Validation of a physiological type 2 diabetes model in human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Ai Dongqing , Yin Yuanyuan , Xia Xuyun , Yang Sihan , Sun Yu , Zhou Jie , Qin Han , Xu Xiaohui , Song Jinlin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesType 2 diabetes (T2DM), a recognized risk factor for periodontitis, is characterized by insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms concerning the role of insulin resistance in linking T2DM and periodontitis remain poorly elucidated due to the absence of an appropriate T2DM cell model. We aimed to explore an appropriate model of T2DM in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and uncover the involved mechanisms.Materials and MethodshPDLSCs were incubated with common reagents for recapitulating insulin resistance state including high glucose (HG) (15, 25, 35, 45 mM), glucosamine (0.8, 8, 18, 28, 38 mM), or palmitic acid (PA; 100, 200, 400, 800 μM), combined with LPS for 48 h. The insulin signaling pathway, inflammation, and pyroptosis were detected by western blots and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The effects on osteogenesis were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, RT–qPCR, and western blots.ResultsHG failed to recapitulate insulin resistance. Glucosamine was sufficient to induce insulin resistance but failed to trigger inflammation. In total, 100 and 200 μM PA exhibited the most proinflammatory, insulin resistance, and pyroptosis induced role, and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.ConclusionPalmitic acid is a promising candidate for developing T2DM model in hPDLSCs.
Brugada syndrome in infants (<12 months): A case report and literature review
Authors: Umapathi Krishna Kishore , Godsey Veronica , Chang Hsieh Ting , Kohli Utkarsh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile Brugada syndrome (BrS) is well described in adults and older children, presentation of BrS within the first 12 months of life is rare and therefore poorly characterized. We report a 7‐year‐old male with a malignant BrS phenotype with onset at 8 months of age, leading to multiple ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) related cardiac arrests and ultimately his death. The report is supplemented by a comprehensive review of existing literature on infantile‐onset BrS and unique features in this population are discussed.
Simultaneous suppression of lignin, tricin and wall‐bound phenolic biosynthesis via the expression of monolignol 4‐O‐methyltransferases in rice
Authors: Dwivedi Nidhi , Yamamoto Senri , Zhao Yunjun , Hou Guichuan , Bowling Forrest , Tobimatsu Yuki , Liu Chang‐Jun 
Published: October 2023

SummaryGrass lignocelluloses feature complex compositions and structures. In addition to the presence of conventional lignin units from monolignols, acylated monolignols and flavonoid tricin also incorporate into lignin polymer; moreover, hydroxycinnamates, particularly ferulate, cross‐link arabinoxylan chains with each other and/or with lignin polymers. These structural complexities make grass lignocellulosics difficult to optimize for effective agro‐industrial applications. In the present study, we assess the applications of two engineered monolignol 4‐O‐methyltransferases (MOMTs) in modifying rice lignocellulosic properties. Two MOMTs confer regiospecific para‐methylation of monolignols but with different catalytic preferences. The expression of MOMTs in rice resulted in differential but drastic suppression of lignin deposition, showing more than 50% decrease in guaiacyl lignin and up to an 90% reduction in syringyl lignin in transgenic lines. Moreover, the levels of arabinoxylan‐bound ferulate were reduced by up to 50%, and the levels of tricin in lignin fraction were also substantially reduced. Concomitantly, up to 11 μmol/g of the methanol‐extractable 4‐O‐methylated ferulic acid and 5–7 μmol/g 4‐O‐methylated sinapic acid were accumulated in MOMT transgenic lines. Both MOMTs in vitro displayed discernible substrate promiscuity towards a range of phenolics in addition to the dominant substrate monolignols, which partially explains their broad effects on grass phenolic biosynthesis. The cell wall structural and compositional changes resulted in up to 30% increase in saccharification yield of the de‐starched rice straw biomass after diluted acid‐pretreatment. These results demonstrate an effective strategy to tailor complex grass cell walls to generate improved cellulosic feedstocks for the fermentable sugar‐based production of biofuel and bio‐chemicals.
Prime editing: Mechanism insight and recent applications in plants
Authors: Vu Tien V. , Nguyen Ngan Thi , Kim Jihae , Hong Jong Chan , Kim Jae‐Yean 
Published: October 2023

SummaryPrime editing (PE) technology utilizes an extended prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) to direct a fusion peptide consisting of nCas9 (H840) and reverse transcriptase (RT) to a specific location in the genome. This enables the installation of base changes at the targeted site using the extended portion of the pegRNA through RT activity. The resulting product of the RT reaction forms a 3′ flap, which can be incorporated into the genomic site through a series of biochemical steps involving DNA repair and synthesis pathways. PE has demonstrated its effectiveness in achieving almost all forms of precise gene editing, such as base conversions (all types), DNA sequence insertions and deletions, chromosomal translocation and inversion and long DNA sequence insertion at safe harbour sites within the genome. In plant science, PE could serve as a groundbreaking tool for precise gene editing, allowing the creation of desired alleles to improve crop varieties. Nevertheless, its application has encountered limitations due to efficiency constraints, particularly in dicotyledonous plants. In this review, we discuss the step‐by‐step mechanism of PE, shedding light on the critical aspects of each step while suggesting possible solutions to enhance its efficiency. Additionally, we present an overview of recent advancements and future perspectives in PE research specifically focused on plants, examining the key technical considerations of its applications.
Spatial propagation of a lattice predation–competition system with one predator and two preys in shifting habitats
Authors: Li Jun‐Feng , Wang Jia‐Bing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with a discrete diffusive predator–prey system involving two competing preys and one predator in a shifting habitat induced by the climate change. By applying Schauder's fixed‐point theorem on various invariant cones via constructing several pairs of generalized super‐ and subsolutions, we establish four different types of supercritical and critical forced extinction waves, which describe the conversion from the state of a saturated aboriginal prey with a pair of invading alien predator–prey, two competing aboriginal coexistent preys with an invading alien predator, a pair of aboriginal coexistent predator–prey and an invading alien prey, and the coexistence of three species to the extinction state, respectively. Meanwhile, the nonexistence of some subcritical forced waves is showed by contradiction. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are given to present and promote the theoretical results.