bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of faces of different species: a developmental study between 5 and 8 years of age
Authors: Pascalis Olivier , Demont Elisabeth , de Haan Michelle , Campbell Ruth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere is developmental progression in the ability to recognize human faces (HF) during childhood, accompanied by qualitative differences in what children perceive and remember. The best known example is that of sensitivity to vertical orientation: while there is age‐related improvement in recognizing upright faces, upside‐down ones show no recognition improvement. It is believed by some investigators to be a sign of developing face‐expertise over the first 10 years or so of life. If expertise, based on experience with many individuals, is the basis for the development of the inversion‐effect, faces from other species should not induce inversion‐effects. In two experiments, we explored the expertise phenomenon by testing recognition of faces of different animal species with children between 5 and 10 years of age. Our results failed to show any developmental changes in the processing of faces of own‐ and other‐species. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and functional MDR1‐Pgp and MRPs expression in human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines
Authors: Declèves Xavier , Fajac Anne , Lehmann‐Che Jacqueline , Tardy Marcienne , Mercier Claire , Hurbain Ilse , Laplanche Jean‐Louis , Bernaudin Jean‐François , Scherrmann Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the functional expression of P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance‐associated proteins (MRPs) in 2 distinct glioma cells (GL15 and 8MG) from patients with glioblastoma multiforme. MDR1 gene and Pgp expression was not detected in either cell line by RT‐PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In contrast, MRP1 was detected at both mRNA and protein level in both cell lines, with a higher expression in the 8MG cells that occur predominantly at the cell membrane. Three other MRPs (MRP3, MRP4 and MRP5) were detected by RT‐PCR in both cell lines, whereas MRP2 was not expressed. In addition, MRP3 protein was also detected by immunocytochemistry in both GL15 and 8MG cell lines. Indomethacin and probenecid, 2 modulators of MRPs activity, increased the accumulation of vincristine and etoposide, 2 substrates of MRPs, by both cell lines. These modulators also decreased the efflux of vincristine from both cell lines with a more pronounced effect in 8MG cells. In conclusion, our results show functional expression of MRPs leading to a decrease in the intracellular vincristine and etoposide concentrations in human glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, our results that exhibit protein expression of MRP1 and MRP3 and gene expression of MRP4 and MRP5 in these 2 glioblastoma cell lines suggest new mechanisms that could lead to a MDR phenotype of tumour cells in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
History of allergies among adults with glioma and controls
Authors: Wiemels Joseph L. , Wiencke John K. , Sison Jennette D. , Miike Rei , McMillan Alex , Wrensch Margaret 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe causes of most adult gliomas are essentially unknown. Previous studies have indicated associations between immune system factors and the incidence of adult glioma, specifically that those individuals with certain allergic conditions may have decreased risk of glioma. We obtained detailed allergy histories for 405 adults newly diagnosed with glioma in the San Francisco Bay Area from 1997–1999 and 402 age‐gender‐ethnicity frequency‐matched population‐based controls. Seventy‐nine percent of eligible cases or their proxies and 74% of eligible controls completed in‐person interviews about allergies, age at onset, frequency, duration and severity. Overall, cases were less likely than controls to report any allergy (72% vs. 85%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.5 [0.3–0.7]); for self‐reported cases (n = 269), OR = 0.7 (0.4–0.97) and for proxy‐reported cases, OR = 0.3 (0.2–0.5). Pollen, dairy and nut allergies were significantly less common in cases than controls and most other allergens had odds ratios of less than one. There were no apparent trends with numbers of symptoms, route of exposure of allergen or reported severity of allergy, but there was a significant dose‐response with increasing numbers of allergens (p < 0.0001 for linear trend among all cases vs. controls and p = 0.02 among self‐reported cases only vs. controls). Although our work displays strong and consistent associations, future efforts must attempt to establish whether an immune system typified by proclivity to allergies, or an immunologic consequence of the allergies themselves, might be capable of preventing nascent brain tumors. The dominance of humoral immunity in the central nervous system is consistent with either of these models. Alternatively, common genetic or environmental causes for allergies and gliomagenesis may mediate or confound these observed inverse risks for allergies and gliomas, or other explanations may exist. Future work might reveal an important role for immunologic factors in gliomagenesis and potential preventative and/or therapeutic modalities. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changing face and different countenances of prostate cancer: Racial and geographic differences in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), stage, and grade trends in the PSA era
Authors: Jani Ashesh B. , Vaida Florin , Hanks Gerald , Asbell Suscha , Sartor Oliver , Moul Judd W. , Roach Mack , Brachman David , Kalokhe Urmi , Muller‐Runkel Renate , Ray Paul , Ignacio Lani , Awan Azhar , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Vijayakumar Srinivasan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in pretreatment prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), stage, and grade over the past decade as a function of race and geographic region. A multiinstitutional database representing 6,790 patients (1,417 African‐American, 5,373 white) diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between 1988 and 1997 was constructed. PSA, stage, and grade data were tabulated by calendar year and region, and time trend analyses based on race and region were performed. There was an overall decline of PSA of 0.8%/year, which was significant (P = 0.0001), with a faster rate of decline in African‐Americans (1.9%/year) than for whites (0.6%/year). The odds ratio (OR) for a stage shift was 1.09, which was significant (P < 0.0001), and this shift was greater in whites. The OR for an overall grade shift was 1.15, which was significant (P < 0.0001). Although grade and PSA trends were similar for the different regions, there were significant regional differences in stage trends. The implications are that the face of prostate cancer has changed over the past decade; i.e., the distributions of stage, grade, and PSA (the most important prognosticators) have changed. In addition, the countenances of that face are different for whites and African‐Americans. For African‐Americans, this is good news: the stage, grade, and PSA distributions are more favorable now than before. For whites, the trends are more complex and more dependent on region. These findings should be used for future clinical and health‐policy decisions in the screening and treatment of prostate cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recreational physical activity and ovarian cancer in a population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Bertone Elizabeth R. , Newcomb Polly A. , Willett Walter C. , Stampfer Meir J. , Egan Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResults from epidemiologic studies of physical activity and ovarian cancer have been inconsistent, with 2 prospective studies reporting a modest positive association. We evaluated this relationship in a population‐based case‐control study conducted in Massachusetts and Wisconsin. Incident cases diagnosed between 1991 and 1994 were identified through statewide tumor registries. Community controls were selected randomly from lists of licensed drivers and Medicare recipients. Participation in moderate and vigorous recreational physical activity at age 12, age 20 and 5 years prior to diagnosis was assessed by telephone interview. Data were available for 327 cases and 3,129 controls. Results were adjusted for age, parity and other ovarian cancer risk factors. Total and vigorous physical activity were not associated with a substantial decrease in ovarian cancer risk at any age. The relative risk (RR) for women reporting ≥ 7 vs. 0 hr/week of recent vigorous activity was 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39–1.86; p for trend = 0.31]. When metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours of activity were estimated, only women in the highest category had any reduction in risk (RR for > 42 MET‐hours/week at the reference age = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.36–1.35; p for trend = 0.41). Overall, our results provide only limited support for an inverse association between recreational physical activity and risk of ovarian cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of colorectal tumor targeting using a novel biparatopic monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen in experimental radioimmunoguided surgery
Authors: Kim Jin C. , Roh Seon A. , Koo Kum H. , Ryu Jang H. , Hong Hyun K. , Oh Seung J. , Ryu Jin S. , Kim Ho J. , Bodmer Walter F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBiparatopic CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen (MAb) was newly designed and tested as to whether it enhanced the accuracy of tumor detection by reducing non‐specific binding in experimental radioimmunoguided surgery. Biparatopic MAb was prepared by using cross‐linking of reduced Fab′ fragments from PR1A3 and T84.66. Fifty‐nine tumors from 2 human colorectal carcinoma cell lines with high (KM‐12c) and low (Clone A) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression were successfully implanted subcutaneously on the backs of 42 nude mice. Tumors were localized using 125I‐labeled MAbs: IgG, F(ab′)2 and Fab′ of PR1A3, and biparatopic MAb of PR1A3 and T84.66. Radioactivity counted on a portable radioisotope detector correlated well with that counted on a gamma counter (p < 0.001). Accumulations of radioactivity in control mice without tumorigenesis were the greatest in PR1A3 IgG‐pretreated mice and the least in biparatopic MAb‐pretreated mice. Tumors of 2 cell lines did not differ in the distribution of radiolabeled MAbs. Localization indices of the tumor in various organs revealed 1.3 to 4.1 in PR1A3 IgG‐pretreated mice, 2.4 to 6.6 in fragment MAbs of PR1A3‐pretreated mice and 2 to 4.6 in biparatopic MAb‐pretreated mice. Silver grains and immune staining were predominantly distributed in tumor cells of all types of MAb‐pretreated mice. Sensitivity and specificity of tumor localization by radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) were the highest in the biparatopic MAb‐pretreated mice (90.9% and 94.5%, respectively) and the least in the PR1A3 IgG‐pretreated mice (50% and 72%). The biparatopic MAb using 2 anti‐CEA MAbs against different epitopes achieved a great affinity and avidity with accurate localization of colorectal carcinoma in experimental radioimmunoguided surgery. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monetary policy transparency, inflation and the sacrifice ratio
Authors: Chortareas Georgios , Stasavage David , Sterne Gabriel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examine how inflation and the costs associated with disinflation episodes are related to monetary policy transparency. We develop a simple model that demonstrates how transparency may result in lower inflation. Our empirical results show that in general, transparency may be associated with lower inflation across a broad range of countries and frameworks. In addition, the output costs of disinflation, as measured by the sacrifice ratio, are negatively related to the degree of monetary policy transparency. The capacity of the central bank to limit the monetary financing of government deficits also has an inflation‐reducing effect. Considering transparency as a possible determinant of cross‐country differences in the costs of disinflation represents a new contribution to the literature, especially given the failure of previous empirical research to find a robust negative relationship between other aspects of the central bank's institutional design and the sacrifice ratio. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperament and behavioral problems among infants in alcoholic families
Authors: Peterson Edwards Ellen , Leonard Kenneth E. , Eiden Rina Das 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined the association between paternal alcoholism and 12‐month infant temperament and 18‐month behavior problems. The role of associated parental psychopathology and maternal drinking in exacerbating risk for maladaptive behavioral outcomes was also examined. Participants were 213 families (102 control families, 94 paternal alcoholic families, and 17 families with alcoholic fathers and heavy drinking mothers) who were assessed when their child was 12 months old and reassessed again when their child was 18 months old. Infants of alcoholics displayed marginally more stubborn/persistent temperaments at 12 months of age, but significantly more internalizing problems at 18 months. Analyses suggested that internalizing problems in the infants of alcoholics could be attributed to the paternal depression concomitant with paternal alcoholism. In addition, an interaction was observed, indicating that paternal alcohol problems predicted 18‐month externalizing problems among families with low maternal depression, but not among families with high maternal depression. Children of depressed mothers exhibited uniformly higher externalizing scores, but were not further impacted by paternal alcohol problems. However, children of nondepressed mothers were adversely affected by fathers' drinking as reflected by higher externalizing behavior scores. The results highlight the necessity of addressing the overall contextual risks that occur with paternal alcoholism in studies of the development of children in alcoholic families. © 2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Inhibition and recovery of maternal and fetal cholinesterase enzyme activity following a single cutaneous dose of methyl parathion and diazinon, alone and in combination, in pregnant rats
Authors: Abu‐Qare Aqel W. , Abou‐Donia Mohamed B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats (14–18 days of gestation) were treated with a single cutaneous subclinical dose(s) of 10 mg kg−1 (15% of LD50) of methyl parathion (O,O‐dimethyl O‐4‐nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and 65 mg kg−1 (15% of LD50) of diazinon (O,O)‐diethyl O‐2‐isopropyl‐6‐methylpyrimidinyl phosphorothioate, and their combination. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after dosing. Inhibition of maternal and fetal cholinesterase enzyme activity has been determined. Methyl parathion significantly inhibited maternal and fetal brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity within 24 h after dosing. Diazinon and a mixture of methyl parathion and diazinon caused lesser inhibition compared with methyl parathion alone. Recovery of maternal and fetal brain AChE activity was in the order of diazinon > combination of diazinon and methyl parathion > methyl parathion 96 h after dosing. Although fetal plasma BuChE activity recovered to 100% of control within 96 h of application, maternal BuChE activity remained inhibited to 55% and 32% of control 96 h after application of methyl parathion and a mixture of methyl parathion and diazinon, respectively. Following a single dermal dose of methyl parathion, the activity of maternal liver BuChE was 63% of control 2 h after dosing, whereas inhibition of placental AChE or BuChE activity occurred 12 and 1 h following a single dose of methyl parathion, corresponding to activities of 63% and 54% of control, respectively. Diazinon, alone or in combination with methyl parathion, did not inhibit significantly the maternal liver BuChE or placental AChE and BuChE activity. The results suggest that dermal application of a single dose of methyl parathion and diazinon, alone or in combination, has an easy access into maternal and fetal tissues, resulting in inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes. The lower inhibitory effect of the combination of methyl parathion and diazinon might be due to competition of diazinon with methyl parathion for cytochrome P‐450 enzymes, resulting in formation of the potent cholinesterase inhibitor methyl paraoxon. The faster recovery of fetal cholinesterase enzymes is attributed to the rapid de novo synthesis of cholinesterase fetal tissues compared with the mother. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemocompatibility of materials used in microelectromechanical systems: Platelet adhesion and morphology in vitro
Authors: Weisenberg Brian A. , Mooradian Daniel L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS) create an opportunity for the development of smaller, cheaper, and more precise biomedical instrumentation and devices. Little is known, however, about the hemocompatibility of the materials used to fabricate these devices. Because of the potentially harmful consequences of thrombus formation, a better understanding of blood interactions with bioMEMS materials is desirable. This study is an in vitro assessment of the hemocompatibility of silicon (Si), silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), low‐stress silicon nitride (Si1.0N1.1), SU‐8 photoresist, and parylene thin films. A polycarbonate‐based polyurethane, was used as a reference material. Experiments were carried out to detect differences in platelet adhesion or morphology after contact with these materials under static conditions. Platelet adhesion on Si, Si3N4, Si1.0N1.1, and SU‐8 photoresist was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than platelet adhesion on polyurethane. Adhesion on parylene and SiO2 was not significantly different from on polyurethane (P < 0.05). The median platelet area and circularity were higher on polyurethane than all other materials. Materials that showed higher levels of platelet adhesion tended to have platelets that showed less spreading, except for SiO2, where platelets exhibited relatively low adhesion and spreading. This data suggests that Si, Si3N4, Si1.0N1.1, and SU‐8 photoresist may be more reactive to platelets and therefore more thrombogenic than parylene, SiO2, and polyurethane. These results may be helpful in guiding the selection of materials for use in the development of blood‐contacting microelectromechanical systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 283–291, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10076
Heparin‐like polymers modulate proinflammatory cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated human monocytes
Authors: Anastase‐Ravion Sylvie , Carreno Marie‐Paule , Blondin Catherine , Ravion Olivier , Champion Jacqueline , Chaubet Frédéric , Haeffner‐Cavaillon Nicole , Letourneur Didier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe search for heparin‐like materials remains an intensive field of research. In this context, we studied the immunomodulatory properties of semisynthetic dextran derivatives and naturally occurring sulfated polysaccharides present in brown seaweed (fucans). In this study, we investigated the functional potencies of fucan and dextran derivatives by analyzing their effects on the release of proinflammatory cytokines by resting or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated human monocytes and their interactions on monocyte surfaces. The results showed that fucan, dextran derivatives, and heparin differentially (1) triggered interleukin‐1α, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐8 production by monocytes in a dose‐dependent manner, (2) modulated cytokine production by LPS‐stimulated monocytes, and (3) specifically inhibited the binding of biotinylated LPS to monocyte membranes. Taken together, these data indicated that fucan and dextran derivatives displayed interesting immunomodulatory effects on human blood cells that could be relevant as new drugs or biomaterial coatings. Indeed, such polysaccharides, by regulating monocyte activation, could contribute to the improved biocompatibility of implants. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 375–383, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10112
Stress influence on interface in plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium alloy
Authors: Millet P. , Girardin E. , Braham C. , Lodini A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring clinical use of hydroxyapatite‐coated implants, mechanical stresses are added to pre‐existing residual stresses. The magnitude of these stresses affects the coating's performance. In this work we studied, by neutron diffraction and conventional X‐ray diffraction methods, the macrostresses induced by a plasma‐spraying process in the coating and at the interface. Neutron diffraction is one of the most suitable techniques for studying the strain distribution in a bulk material. X‐ray diffraction was used to determine residual stress in the hydroxyapatite coating. Using a neutron diffraction method at the nearest point to the interface, we saw no real difference between the stress observed on coated and that on non‐coated samples. With the X‐ray diffraction method, it appeared that the stress level was compressive on every sample. The major advantage of the neutron diffraction method is that measurements can be made on a thick coating in a nondestructive way. The disadvantage is the large‐gauge volume that we had to use because of the relatively low intensity of the neutron beam. Polishing is necessary for measurements inside the material when using the X‐ray method. This destructive method may alter the stress field of the deposit. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 679–684, 2002