bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western-Centric Moments in Homegrown IR Theories: Dependency, Chinese and African Schools
Authors: SUNE Engin 
Published: January 2024

The modern international system has been shaped by long-standing historical
practices of unequal power relations, which have positioned the Western world
at the center of the political universe. Due to the centrality of the Global North
in the international system, any IR theory that aims to portray a true picture
of the “globe” necessarily situates the West at the center of scientific inquiry.
Furthermore, the form of universality generated by Western hegemony has
been diffused throughout the world over centuries, spreading Western political
institutions, economic structures, and ideological norms in an uneven setting.
As a result, the social structures of the Global South have developed through an
uneven form of relationship and dialectical interaction with the West. Therefore,
homegrown IR theories, which uncover local political, philosophical, or cultural
motives as sources for theory-making, in fact, concentrate on stratified forms of
the universal reality that is diffused through the uneven spread of Western social
structures. In this sense, there is a Western-centric moment in any homegrown
IR theory. Accordingly, this article develops a scientific realist account of the
structure/agent relationship in order to analyze the material grounds of Westerncentrism
in the field of international politics and to evaluate the role of non-
Western actors. Additionally, it critically evaluates distinctive homegrown
theories produced on three different continents to reveal the aforementioned
Western-centric moments in these theoretical initiatives. Namely, the Dependency
School of Latin America, the Chinese School of International Relations, and the
African School are respectively scrutinized to disclose the embedded Westerncentrism
in these theoretical initiatives
RANCANGAN PROTOTIPE MESIN PENGERING GABAH BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI HYBRID
Authors: Prasetyo Andre Ryan , Sulis Yulianto  , Edi Widodo  
Published: January 2024

Until now, the process of processing paddy into rice still relies heavily on the traditional and commonly used methods. During the drying stage, the harvested rice grains are spread out and sun dried. To address this issue, an effective solution is needed to enhance the quality of of rice seeds. Therefore, a post harvest rice handling technology is being developed with a hybrid technology based grain drying tool, where solar energy is still harnessed through photovoltaic solar panels (PLTS). The purpose of this research is to design, develop, and test a prototype grain drying machine abased on hybrid PLTS technology. The research focuses on calculating the power drying, and evaluating the PLTS system. The methods used include testing grain drying with variations in temperatures of 45ºC, 50ºC, dan 51ºC , as well as a grain weight of 8 kg. the greatest energy consumption during drying is directed towards the PLTS battery system, and calculations are performed to determine the duration of battery usage. The research findings reveal drying efficiencies of 9.7%, 12.8%, and 13.12% and final mouisture contents of 16.3%, 14.6% and 14.1 % at temperatures of 45ºC, 50ºC, and 51ºC respectively. The optimal drying times are 2 hours at 45ºC and 50ºC, and 1.5 hours at 51ºC. the battery usage time with a power of 209 W is 2.3 hours.
ANALISIS LAJU DEFORMASI PAHAT HSS PADA SIMULASI PEMBUBUTAN MESIN CNC DENGAN APLIKASI ANSYS
Authors: Widodo Yakobus Rhio , Golwa Gian Villany 
Published: January 2024

The demand to improve quality and productivity in the manufacturing industry underlies the analysis of tool deformation rates in the turning process. The methods used previously are considered inaccurate, and the provided information is incomplete. Therefore, detailed and accurate simulations are needed to determine deformation and strain values in HSS chisels. This study aims to obtain deformation and strain values on high speed steel (HSS) chisels in the process of turning ST42 steel workpieces using the finite element methods (FEM) method. The analysis was carried out using the ANSYS explicit dynamics application. This application aims to simulate complex physical phenomena by entering predetermined parameters, including diameter, spindle rotation, and workpiece and tool properties. HSS chisels are used in this simulation with ST42 steel workpieces. The variables in this study were the workpiece diameters of 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm, with the same length of 200 mm. From the simulation results, it is evident that the maximum deformation value of the HSS tool on a diameter of 30 mm workpiece is 205.04 µm at a time step of 1.0 x 10-4 seconds. On a diameter of 40 mm workpiece, it is 205.19 µm at the same time step, and for a workpiece with a diameter of 50 mm, the tool deformation is 205.23 µm at the same time step. Additionally, the strain value on the HSS chisel with a workpiece diameter of 30 mm is 0.689 µm at a time step of 1.0 x 10-4 seconds. For a workpiece with a diameter of 40 mm, the strain is 0.783 µm at a time step of 1.0011 x 10-4 seconds, and on a workpiece with a diameter of 50 mm, the final strain on the tool is 0.866 µm at a time step of 1.0 x10-4 seconds.
Experiences and Effect of Implementing Social Health Insurance Program in Nepal- A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Bharati Rajani , Romero Diana , Pozen Alexis , Sherry James , Paudel Bhuwan , Adhikari Mukesh , Acharya Prakash 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Nepal initiated the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in 2016, but the enrollment rate is low, with an increasing dropout rate. This study examined the experience from the demand and supply side (service providers) with NHIP and its effect on insurance enrollment and health service utilization.
Methods
We employed a mixed-method design. Ethnography was used to explore rich holistic insights into people’s views and actions. We conducted 14 focus group discussions and 20 key informant interviews in Nepal's Kailali and Baglung districts. Field note-taking and non-participatory observations were used to recalibrate data collection tools. We employed the difference-in-difference (DID) estimation using Nepal's District Health Information System (DHIS-2) data.
Results
We identified a complex interconnection between demand- and supply-side factors that influence the enrollment and renewal of the insurance program, as well as health-seeking behavior. The quality of health services played a pivotal role. Other contributing factors included a lack of awareness, limited geographical accessibility to health facilities, household income, perceived risk of getting an illness, and the perceived usefulness of health insurance programs. Conversely, the quality of services was contingent upon several challenges, such as increased patient flow and administrative burden without proportional resource growth, motivation of health service providers and enrollment assistants, difficulty in claims processing, reimbursement delays, cumbersome medicine procurement process, and insufficient information about the insurance program. Our quantitative analysis demonstrated an approximate increase of 9 and 32 client visits per day in Primary Health Care Centers and hospitals, respectively, with an enrollment of about 5%.
Conclusion
The effectiveness of the health insurance program inherently relies on the quality of health services. Regardless, there was an increase in patient flow in the health facilities under the insurance program, which warrants a concomitant increase in resources for these facilities. There should be coordinated efforts to improve the quality of health service delivery along with the insurance program.
Severe central nervous system injury in children caused by COVID-19
Authors: zhang Peipei , xin Meiyun , bai Yingge , ren Xueyun , Li Na 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of severe central nervous system (CNS) injury in children caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Method
We retrospectively studied confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 complicated with CNS injury.
Results
Nine patients diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated with severe CNS injury were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining University from December 1, 2022 to January 12, 2023. Of the nine patients, seven were male (77.78%). Five children were aged ≥ 10 years, and the others were 1–2 years old. All children had fever, eight had convulsions, seven had progressed to multiple organ failure, and all suffered varying degrees of coma. Most of the children had elevated interleukin-6 (100%), lactic acid (100%), alanine transaminase (87.5%), aspartate transaminase (87.5%), creatine kinase MB (87.5%), and lactate dehydrogenase (85.7%) levels. Four children had cerebrospinal fluid protein-cell separation. The cranial imaging results of five children were abnormal. One child had lost his vital signs when admitted to hospital, and the remaining eight received hormonal shock, human immunoglobulin transfusion, anti-infection, cranial pressure reduction, and mechanical ventilation treatments, among others, during hospitalization. Ultimately, eight children died, and the remaining child has serious neurological sequelae and is undergoing rehabilitation.
Conclusions
Severe CNS injury caused by COVID-19 has an acute onset, rapid progression, high disability rate, and high fatality rate. A low cerebrospinal fluid protein level may be a protective factor for children with severe nervous system injury caused by COVID-19.
Effect and optimization of triangular textures on lubrication performance of the thrust bearing
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Shi Guangqiang , Jiang Hui , Lan ZhiYuan , Lin Yanlong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To enhance the loading capacity of the oil film and reduce its temperature, this article establishes a thrust bearing model with a triangular texture based on the modified Reynolds equation. The focus is on investigating the influence of texture parameters on both the temperature and pressure fields of the oil film. For the purpose of determining the parameter combination under the best lubrication performance, the improved multi-objective dragonfly algorithm (MODA) based on BP neural network is employed to optimize the temperature and loading capacity of oil film. The investigation revealed that the optimal lubrication performance is achieved with a texture width of approximately 0.23 mm, a texture depth of 0.5 mm, a texture number of 32 and a texture spacing of 5 mm. Under these conditions, when compared with a thrust bearing without texture, the textured thrust bearing increases its loading capacity by approximately 29% and reduces temperature by approximately 1.75 ºC.
The stuck haemodialysis catheter – a case report of a rare but dreaded complication following kidney transplantation
Authors: Burnett Cameron Thomas , Chandler Shaun , Jegatheesan Dev , Pearch Benjamin , Viecelli Andrea , Mudge David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Tunnelled cuffed haemodialysis catheters are at increased risk of incarceration, or ‘stuck’, via fibrotic adhesion to the central veins when left in situ for prolonged periods of time. Stuck catheters cannot be removed using standard techniques such as bedside dissection of the cuff. There are no published guidelines for this situation, and whilst several strategies have been published there is no consensus on the best approach. Here we present the first case of a stuck haemodialysis catheter in the acute post transplantation period.
Case Presentation:
A 66-year-old female on haemodialysis presented for kidney transplantation with a tunnelled-cuffed haemodialysis catheter in situ for five years. Following transplantation, removal of the line was unsuccessful despite dissection of the cuff, with traction causing a choking sensation with tracheal movement. Eventually, the line was removed without complications utilising sequential balloon dilatation in interventional radiology and the patient was discharged without complications.
Conclusions
This case serves as a timely reminder of the risks of long-term tunnelled haemodialysis catheters and as a caution towards proceeding with kidney transplantation in those with long-term haemodialysis catheters in situ. Greater nephrologist awareness of interventional radiology techniques for this challenging situation will help to avoid more invasive strategies.
Effect of the mass vaccination duration on the spread of COVID-19 evaluated by a flexible compartment model
Authors: Ohmori Hiroo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For COVID-19, infected individuals are isolated from the community when they become symptomatic, and when they become recovered individuals who have immunity, they return to the community. With an increase in the number of recovered individuals in the community, the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals decreases, resulting in a decrease in the number of infected individuals. Vaccination causes not only a decrease in the number of susceptible individuals in the community but also a reduction in the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals with an increase in the number of vaccinated individuals, as do the recovered individuals. From the viewpoint of herd immunity, the vaccination duration, which is the period between the start and the end of mass vaccination, must be examined because the number of vaccinated individuals actually increases gradually daily according to vaccination programs, and the total number of vaccinated individuals depends on the mass vaccination duration, controlling the spread of COVID-19. How long should we continue mass vaccination to contain the COVID-19 pandemic from a physical viewpoint? The number of infected individuals by different mass vaccination durations was calculated by a flexible compartment model specific to COVID-19. The model contains the vaccination rate as an independent variable in the calculation equations and, as the dependent variable, the number of isolated/recovered individuals and the population excluding the individuals kept in isolation, both of which affect the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals. The effect of the mass vaccination duration can be evaluated by comparing the total number of infected individuals among the cases with different mass vaccination durations for the cases with different start dates of vaccination, with different vaccination rates and with different symptomatic rates. The results show that since the contact rate decreases with an increase in the number of vaccinated individuals, the earlier the start date of vaccination is, the smaller the total number of infected individuals becomes, and the longer the mass vaccination duration is, the smaller the total number of infected individuals becomes. The results also showed that when vaccination is continued until the day when the sum of the number of recovered individuals and the number of vaccinated individuals exceeds an ‘expedient herd immunity threshold’, the total number of infected individuals is significantly reduced, and the duration of infection is also markedly shortened, as expected for the case with a sufficient mass vaccination duration.
Blood Absolute Monocyte Count Trends in Preterm Infant with Suspected Necrotizing Enterocolitis, an Adjunct Tool for Diagnosis?
Authors: Meghan Meghan , Mikhael Michel , Shafer Grant , Holmes W. Nathan , Eghbal Azam , Morphew Tricia , Sayrs Lois 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the trends of blood absolute monocyte count (AMC) over 72 hours after suspecting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Study Design
A single center, retrospective study, the AMC was plotted over 72 hours after NEC evaluation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed change in AMC to identify absence of NEC and different NEC stages.
Results
In 130 infants, the AMC decreased in patients with NEC stage 2 or 3. Stages 2 and 3 NEC experienced a drop in AMC compared to an increase in no NEC, Stage 1, or positive culture (p<0.05). AMC increase 24% or less can differentiate NEC stage 2/3 from stage 1 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78. There wasn’t statistical difference between any NEC and no NEC (AUC, 0.57).
Discussion/Conclusions
A decrease in AMC can be an adjunct biomarker to identify NEC stage 2 and 3, when compared to no NEC/stage 1.
Enhancing Joint Performance in Friction Stir Welding through Tailored Double-Butt-Lap Geometry
Authors: Acharya Uttam , Choudhury Smrity , Akinlabi Esther , Roy Barnik Saha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The study investigates the effectiveness of a novel joint configuration, the double-butt-lap (DBL), in friction stir welding (FSW) to join 6 mm thick AA 6061-T6 plates. Four welds, including a simple square butt (SSB) configuration and three DBL variations (with UB:LB ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1), were executed. Using consistent parameters, the investigation evaluates the force distribution, macrostructure, and mechanical properties of the joints. Results show varied force profiles; spindle torque and Z-force decrease notably in DBL configurations compared to SSB, while X-force decreases overall for all DBL variations. Macrostructural analysis indicates increased weld area and finer microstructures in DBL joints. A correlation between peak temperature, grain size, and hardness highlights larger grain sizes at higher temperatures, influencing joint hardness. The DBL configuration with a 2:1 ratio exhibits the highest joint efficiency (83.76%). Fractographic analysis indicates ductile failure in all samples. Bend testing reveals increased flexural strength and bend angles in two DBL-configured joints compared to SSB. The results indicate that using a 2:1 ratio for joining 6 mm AA6061-T6 plates through FSW is viable, providing valuable insights into enhancing mechanical properties by optimizing joint geometry.
Alley Form Impacts on Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Villages in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Qin Shiqiang , Meng Qinglin , Li Qiong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

After a long history accumulation in villages in the Pearl River Delta of China, typical village alleys have adapted well to the local hot–humid climate. Studying the impact of their forms and shading strategies is valuable for planning and designing villages, as the literature typically focus on urban settings. In this study, four different forms of alleys were selected in Huangwu Village, located in the Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, as representative of summer microclimate measurements: common alleys, alleys with different shading facilities, and alleys with various surrounding building heights. After the simplified simulation model was verified in ENVI-met software, two sets of parameter-based models were created for the simulation by changing the aspect ratio (H/W), orientation of alleys, width of shading facilities, and height of surrounding buildings. Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) was adopted to evaluate the simulation results and summarize the impacts and favorable ranges of different changes in pedestrian thermal comfort. The results indicate the following. (a) When H/W was lower than 1.5, the PET intensity of pedestrians in the alleys increased significantly. (b) In village alleys, orientation significantly influenced the thermal comfort of pedestrians. (c) In alleys with shading facilities, a shading width of 1 m was the best option. When H/W gradually increased, pedestrians in the alleys gradually lost the protection of the shading facilities against thermal stress. (d) With increasing height of the surrounding buildings, thermal comfort in the alleys became increasingly insensitive to changes in H/W.
Accurate automatic measurement of spinopelvic parameters with a one-stage deep learning technique
Authors: Meng Xianglong , Liu Jianhua , feng zihe , Sun Yu , Zhao Zhiheng , Bai Zhiqiang , Hai Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: The current method of measuring parameters in spinal imaging manually is time-consuming and prone to inconsistencies. This study proposed and validated a novel method to automate the measurement of pelvic parameters using a one-stage deep learning (DL) model.
Methods: Spinopelvic parameters, including pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic tilt (PT), were measured from full body radiographs of patients by three evaluators and by using our proposed method. Our proposed one-stage DL model was based on keypoint localisation. Landmark localisation error was used to evaluate the performance of landmark localisation. To evaluate the agreement between our method and the human evaluators, the analysis of average error, standard deviation, and intra- and inter-evaluator reliability was conducted using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (R).
Results:The method achieved excellent measurement performance for spinopelvic parameters. The distribution of the landmark localisation errors was within a reasonable range (median error, 2.28–4.01 mm). ICC values for the assessment of the intra- (range: 0.941–0.996) and inter-evaluator (0.994–0.998) reliability of human evaluators were excellent. The method was able to determine spinopelvic parameters with excellent ICC values (0.919-0.997) and R value (R >0.899, p<0.001, all). Meanwhile, the detection speed of the algorithm was approximately 30 times faster than that of manual measurements of spinopelvic parameters.
Conclusions:This one-step automated measurement method is less time-consuming and has excellent reliability and agreement with human evaluators.
Construction of Prediction Model of Early Glottic Cancer Based on machine learning
Authors: Zhao Wang , Zhi Jing-tai , Zheng Haowei , Du Jianqun , Wei Mei , Lin Peng , Li Li , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical applicability of the diagnosis of early glottic cancer based on machine learning (ML) combined with narrow-band imaging (NBI).
Methods Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore clinical and laryngoscopic features that could potentially predict early glottic cancer. Afterward, three classical ML methods, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine（SVM), and decision tree (DT), were combined with NBI endoscopic images to identify risk factors related to glottic cancer and to construct and compare the predictive models. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a test group. In the training set, RF, DT, and SVM were used to construct a predictive model to distinguish between benign and malignant laryngeal lesions, and the test set was used to evaluate the predictive value of the model.
Results According to the comparative modelling results, the RF‑based model was found to predict more accurately than other methods and have a significant predominance over others.The accuracy, precision, recall, F1 index, and AUC value of the RF model were 0.96, 0.0.90, 1.00, 0.95. The ROC curve analysis results (overall accuracy) indicate the RF model (AUC = 0.97) had the highest score among others.
Conclusion RF, DT, and SVM were used to construct a predictive model for early glottic cancer, and the RF model outperformed the other models.