bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Do you want to know when Duke Ellington was king of The Cotton Club? Have you ever wondered how old Miles Davis was when he got his first trumpet? From birth dates to gig dates and from recordings to television specials, Leonard Feather and Ira Gitler have left no stone unturned in their quest for accurate, detailed information on the careers of 3.300 jazz musicians from around the world. We learn that Duke Ellington worked his magic at The Cotton Club from 1927 to 1931, and that on Miles Davis's thirteenth birthday, his father gave him his first trumpet. Jazz is fast moving, and this edition clearly and concisely maps out an often dizzying web of professional associations. We find, for instance, that when Miles Davis was a St. Louis teenager he encountered Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie for the first time. This meeting proved fateful, and by 1945 a nineteen-year-old Davis had left Juilliard to play with Parker on 52nd Street. Knowledge of these professional alliances, along with the countless others chronicled in this book, are central to tracing the development of significant jazz movements, such as the "cool jazz" that became one of Miles Davis's hallmarks. Arranged alphabetically according to last name, each entry of this book chronologically lists the highlights of every jazz musician's career. Highly accessible and vigorously researched, The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz is, quite simply, the most comprehensive jazz encyclopedia available.
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nakasian, (patricia) stephanie, voc; b. Washington, DC, 8/29/54. Mother sang w. Meyer Davis for troops in WWII. Grew up in Bronxville, N.Y. Stud. classical pno., vln., sang in church choirs for 13 yrs. Stud. voice w. Joe Scott, NYC 1980–5. Degrees from Northwestern U. in economics; worked in banks in Chi. and NYC and as consultant at NY Stock Exchange. Met Hod O’Brien ’80 and began working w. him. In ’81 she quit finance job to become full-time jazz singer, working w. O’Brien (whom she married) into ’90s.; also w. Andy LaVerne’s Paradise, various bbs ’81–2; Jon Hendricks voc. gp. ’83–4. Annual trips to Eur.; tour. Den. w. Danish Radio Band ’90. Has taught singers priv. and at clinics in US; in ’90s at U. of Virginia; Va. Commonwealth U. Eur. Favs: E. Fitzgerald, B. Holiday, Chet Baker, Nat Cole, Irene Kral. Fests: many in Eur., US incl. North Sea; Kool; Delaware Water Gap; Columbia, So. Carolina. Rec. debut w. O’Brien on Criss Cross ’85. CD: VSOP; w. O’Brien (CC).
p
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Page, hot lips (oran thaddeus), tpt, voc,lead; b. Dallas, TX 1/27/08; d. NYC, 11/5/54. Started pl. at age 12; was member of children’s brass band w. Budd Johnson; pl. in band that accomp. Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey. With Walter Page’s Blue Devils 1927–30; Bennie Moten, KC ’31–5; briefly w. Basie ’35–6; then led own bands in NYC. Rec. “Blues in the Night”; “Take Your Shoes Off, Baby”; “Motherless Child”; “St. James Infirmary” w. Artie Shaw in ’41–2. Pl. the Paris JF ’49. Page, who was infl. by Armstrong, both as singer and player (but certainly was his own man), perf. in a febrile style that was at its most impressive on his many successful blues records. Although no one truly posed a threat to Armstrong’s throne, it has been said that Joe Glaser, Armstrong’s mgr., signed Page in order to keep him out of his top client’s way. CDs: High.; Story.; tracks on 52nd Street Swing (Dec.); w. Billie Holiday (Col.; Story.); Bennie Moten; Artie Shaw (BB); Joe Turner (Dec.); Pete Johnson (Milan); Eddie Condon (Stash); M. Mezzrow (Story.); Ben Webster (Prog.); w. Basie in Spirituals to Swing (Vang.).
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rabinowitz, michael harris, bsn, pno,bs-cl; b. New Haven, CT, 11/27/55. Mother pl. vln. Started on pno., cl. Stud. in New Haven at Neighborhood Mus. Sch., Educ. Ctr. for the Arts. Pl. w. Eddie Buster Trio, then w. jazz sxt. at SUNY-Purchase 1974–8 (B.F.A. in music ’78). Pl. w. Blow Band on streets of Amsterdam; Paris; Scotland ’80–2. While in Eur. perf. w. Ed Thigpen; Horace Parlan; Kenny Drew. Led own duo, trio, qt. in NYC fr. ’83.
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Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tabackin, lew (lewis barry), tnr sax, fl; b. Philadelphia, PA, 3/26/40. Began pl. in hs 1955. Flute major at Phila. Cons. ’58–62 (B. Mus. ’62). In army ’62–5, pl. in N.J. w. Tal Farlow, Don Friedman. Moved to NYC ’65; freelanced w. Maynard Ferguson; Cab Calloway; Urbie Green; Bobby Rosengarden; Buddy Morrow; Clark Terry; Duke Pearson; Thad Jones–Mel Lewis; Joe Henderson; Chuck Israels; Doc Severinsen; also small gp. gigs w. Donald Byrd; Elvin Jones; Attila Zoller; D. Friedman; Roland Hanna; Toshiko Akiyoshi. Led trio at La Boheme in ’68–9. Pl. w. Dick Cavett show band ’69; also in Eur. w. Israels’ Int’l Jazz Qt., Danish Radio Orch ’69. Married Toshiko Akiyoshi, co-led qt. w. her fr. ’70. Moved to LA ’72, pl. w. Tonight Show band ’72–83. Since ’73 feat. soloist w. Akiyoshi-Tabackin bb; concert apps., tours of Japan, and a series of LPs on RCA. The orch. rose rapidly in popularity and earned many awards for Akiyoshi as arr. and comp. It was voted the Best Band in the DB poll annually fr. ’80 to ’84; Grammy nominations for Best Big Band Performance annually fr. ’76 to ’81 and several times subsequently. The band also won several awards fr. SJ in Japan and other publications. Moved back to NYC ’83. In recent yrs. Tabackin has focused on small gp. projects. Pl. in duo w. Dave Holland ’89; qt.
Viruses and Humankind: Intracellular Symbiosis and Evolutionary Competition
Authors: Lederberg Joshua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some may say that AIDS has made us ever vigilant for new viruses. I wish that were true. Others have said that we could do little better than to sit back and wait for the avalanche. I am afraid that this point of view is much closer to the reaction of public policy and the major health establishments of the world, even to this day, to the prospects of emergent disease. A relatively small number of investigators have been preoccupied with the biology of viruses and have a very personal and intimate acquaintanceship with how they tick; these scientists are therefore much more sensitive to the viruses’ potentialities for evolutionary change in the evolution of their symbiotic relations with their hosts. Never has there been a more concentrated collection of intellect devoted to that kind of question than is represented in this book.
New Technologies for Virus Detection
Authors: Ward David C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, Richman has given an overview of the various methods for viral detection that are available, ranging from the immunological to nucleic acid hybridization. Apart from the “ gold standard” culture methods, it appears at the moment that the most sensitive methods are based on nucleic acid hybridization for detecting viral genetic sequences, particularly with the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify target sequences. I will discuss here three other emerging techniques that could be applied to the analysis of viral infection. One of these methodologies involves fluorescent optical imaging, particularly using confocal microscopy, with the idea of obtaining information on virus integration, viral latency, and, in general, for detecting within intact cells a single copy of a viral genome. One often desires quantitative data (a plaque assay, for example, is quantitative and not merely qualitative), and fluorescent optical imaging techniques have this advantage.
Recombination in the Evolution of RNA Viruses
Authors: Strauss James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recombination is a fundamental mechanism of genetic variation that results from the reshuffling of genetic material by processes including reassortment of chromosomes, breakage of a chromosome followed by rejoining to a chromosome from a second parent, or by a replicase enzyme switching strands during replication of the nucleic acid. Recombination in viruses is now known to arise from all of these mechanisms. The high frequency recombination characteristic of influenza virus and other viruses with segmented genomes has been well documented. This occurs by reassortment of the individual segments to make new combinations during mixed infection of cells with two virus strains. Within the past few years it has also become clear that recombination also plays a role in the evolution of viruses whose entire genome is a single piece of RNA. I will here discuss evidence for recombination in such viruses and the role of recombination in viral evolution.
Evolutionary Relationships of Vectors and Viruses
Authors: Eldridge Bruce F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a recent paper on the evolution of bunyaviruses, Calisher wrote that whereas creationism offers certainty without data, science of fers data without certainty (Calisher, 1988). If this is true of the bunyaviruses, then what we can offer about the evolution of their mosquito vectors is very little data and very little certainty. Even so, we know more about the evolution of mosquitoes than we know about many other arthropod vector groups.
From Snapshots to Videotape
Authors: Riger Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Director of A women’s studies program, people often besiege me with questions about sex differences. Their questions typically are prompted by stories that appear in the media reporting the latest supposedly “scientific” findings of gender differences. Is it true, they ask me, that men can park their cars better than women? That women cannot read maps? What do the experts say? Sit down, I tell them, this is going to take a while.
There are at least five different responses to the question of whether there are sex differences. These five answers derive from different traditions within psychology. The earliest tradition, an individual differences model, produced what I call “snapshot” research, that is, one-time, quick, narrowly focused studies in which people’s performance is assumed to be the product of internal factors, be they biology or socialization. This model has been expanded at least to some extent by a social psychological model that incorporates situational factors as causal possibilities.
Working Together
Authors: Riger Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Collaboration Between advocates and researchers working on issues of violence against women has become increasingly important in recent years for at least two reasons. First, both groups recognize that they have much to gain by working together. New knowledge and improved services require multiple forms of expertise. Whereas researchers may help answer practicedriven questions, advocates may be able to use research findings to improve services, impress funders, and change policies and public opinion.
Second, collaborations occur now not only because both groups benefit, but also (and increasingly) because funders and others mandate collaboration. Several funding agencies, such as the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Justice, require collaboration in research on domestic violence. Research projects sometimes must have advisory boards composed of community members, and innovative service projects often must have an evaluation component. So it is increasingly important that advocates and researchers learn how to work together. However, even if they collaborate because they want to, not just because t ey have to, working together may be difficult.
Dance-Tested Records And Syncopep For The Millions
Authors: Ogren Kathy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Segregated in black communities-known primari1y to black audiences. This was as true for phonograph recordings and radio as it was for live performances. “Race records” were produced for black consumers and seldom reached white listeners. One study maintains that the jazz controversy waned precisely because commercial formulas and musically conservative white tastes dominated jazz performance by the l 930s-costing jazz its vitality.
Workbook of Epidemiology
Authors: Norell Staffan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through a combination of descriptive text and exercises, this book presents a common framework for the planning and critical evaluation of epidemiological studies; it describes the principal sources of error in study design, their impact on the results, and the research strategies used to prevent or control different kinds of errors. These strategies are the building blocks used in the design of studies with the overall objective of obtaining accurate results with limited resources. They are illustrated throughout by examples and exercises. Workbook of Epidemiology provides the reader with a clear understanding of the research strategies used in experimental and non-experimental studies.
Sampling from the Base (Case-Referent Strategies)
Authors: Norell Staffan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Usually a large study population has to be followed over a considerable period of time in order to obtain the number of cases required for accept able precision. It may be very costly to obtain information on exposures (including potential confounders) from all subjects in a large study population. But if the study size is reduced, in order to reduce the costs, precision may not be sufficient. The relation between precision and cost, that is, the cost-efficiency of a study, may be improved considerably by using a sample that reflects the occurrence of the exposure in the study base or study population.
Introduction: Mormonism, A Historical Context
Authors: Hamilton C Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized on April 6, 1830, in Fayette, New York. The religion, of American origin, as was its founder Joseph Smith, Jr. (1805-1844), differed from the Protestant sects because of its claim to ecclesiastical authority through restoration.’ It began in 1820 during a period of religious fervor in western New York when various Protestant faiths were vying for the “soul so men.” Wishing to know which religion to join, the young Joseph Smith sought divine help through prayer. In response to his supplication, he declared that he had received a vision in which God the Father and His Son Jesus Christ appeared to him as resurrected beings.
Meetinghouses
Authors: Hamilton C Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The meetinghouse was to become the most common building type within the hierarchy of Mormon architecture. It served the congregational needs of a ward, the basic ecclesiastical unit within the church, serving the weekly devotional needs of the Saints as community hall and, often, as school.1 “In pioneer Utah the ward was more than the basic ecclesiastical unit-it was the most important political unit and, except for the family, the most important social unit as well The ward was the unit of welfare, the unit from which younger men (and later women) were called on missions to proselyte in “foreign” fields of labor; the unit where babies were christened or “blessed,” younger men (and older men as well) ordained to the priesthood, funerals held, dances, musical festivals, and bazaars sponsored, young people taught and group consciousness established.
Concepts, Terms, and Methods
Authors: Pless I B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is intended to help readers who may be unfamiliar with some of the concepts, terms or methods used in epidemiology. The goal is to walk a thin line between providing sufficient knowledge to understand the subsequent chapters while avoiding the appearance of a mini-, how-to-do-it text. In short, this introduction is not meant to be a crash course in epidemiology and biostatistics. The word “epidemiology” comes from the greek epi (upon), demos (people) and logos (the study of) and describes “the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases and injuries in human populations” (Mausner et al., 1985). It is also used in a broader sense to include the application of epidemiologic methods to the control of health problems. It follows that an epidemiologist is one who either studies patterns of disease or seeks to control them.
The Special Role of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Power Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Longitudinal, follow-up, or cohort studies have a unique role to play in pediatric epidemiology (see Chapter 1). They are designed to collect information about a group of individuals exposed to a suspected risk factor and a group of non exposed individuals, and usually this is done prospectively. Disease outcomes (mortality, morbidity, or disability) are compared according to category of exposure. It is therefore necessary to collect information on at least two time points, i.e., on exposure and at subsequent disease occurrence. In some in stances, however, it is possible to take advantage of pre-existing records of disease outcome (e.g., cancer registers) or of information on exposure, which may be available from historical records (Rothman, 1986). Another variation of the longitudinal design is the general population follow-up, which either uses routinely collected data (Fox, 1985; OPCS, 1988) or establishes regular contact with a group of subjects specially selected for the study (often referred to as a “panel study”). General population surveys are usually multipurpose, obtaining information about a variety of risk factors and disease outcomes. As has been explained in the previous chapter, a cross-sectional study, in contrast, does not obtain information on individuals over time; even if a repeat survey is undertaken, it involves a different group of subjects.
Gastroenteritis
Authors: Glass Roger I , Bern Caryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gastroenteritis is one of the most frequent illnesses affecting children, causing significant morbidity throughout the world and many deaths in developing countries. Although the term “gastroenteritis” implies inflammation of the stomach and intestines, the group of diseases involved can be caused by a wide variety of infectious agents. Many of these produce no inflammation and can be associated with a variety of conditions that are unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, the term now includes many enteric illnesses-acute and chronic diarrhea, dysentery, or vomiting regardless of whether inflammation is present or not. Throughout this chapter, the term “diarrhea” is often used interchangeably for gastroenteritis to emphasize the ambiguity.
Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Stanley Fiona J , Blair Eve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on one of the most common motor handicaps in childhood: the cerebral palsies. They are the most frequently occurring cause of motor handicap (Pharoah, 1985) and there is considerable interest in their trends and causes and whether their occurrence can be reduced by improved perinatal care. In recent years there has been a proliferation in the number of reports on cerebral palsy: “Reviewing the published work in cerebral palsy over the past 5 years, one is tempted to organize it into ‘Epidemiology’ and ‘the Rest’ and the epidemiologic papers outnumber ‘the Rest”‘ (Robinson, 1991). Much of the former work has been stimulated, first, by the need to know the proportion of cerebral palsy that is due to birth asphyxia and is possibly preventable by obstetric care and, second, by increasing concerns about motor and other handicaps among the significant number of very low birthweight infants who are now surviving the neonatal period after having received intensive care. For this chapter pertinent publications since 1984 have been reviewed, because a major review monograph covered the earlier period (Stanley & Alberman, 1984).
“So Unstable and Like Mad Men They Were”: Language and Interpretation in Early American Captivity Narratives
Authors: Sewell David R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Regeneration through Violence, Richard Slotkin prefaces a chapter on captivity mythology with William Carlos Williams’s comment on the Puritans’ ideological cohesion: “The jargon of God, which they used, was their dialect by which they kept themselves surrounded with a palisade.” 1 But for early Americans language was a flimsy bulwark in anything more than an abstract sense; the palisade of language could always be breached by those physical incursions and confrontations that subjected hundreds of explorers, missionaries, and settlers to Indian captivity during the first three centuries of North American colonization. Perhaps in a fiction like Cooper’s Mohicans a David Gamut might set up a wall of hymns and prayers formidable enough to dismay Mingo and Huron attackers; in reality, neither prayer, threat, nor discourse of reason was of much avail in altering the purposes of Indians who sought to take captives.
Phillis Wheatley and the Black American Revolution
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the years leading up to the American Revolution, those who advocated a break with England did so in the language of the two primary social tropes: the family and slavery. The position of America was figuratively represented as the natural right of the son or daughter to revolt against a tyrannical parent and the natural right of a slave to revolt against a master. Through a masterful deployment of these parent/child and master/slave tropes in Common Sense, which was published in 1776, Tom Paine galvanized popular support for the formal break with England that would occur six months later. In his attempt to “divest” the king and monarchy of their traditional authority, Paine represented the king as a slave master seeking to deprive Americans of their natural liberties: “When the republican virtue fails, slavery ensues. Why is the constitution of England sickly, but because monarchy has poisoned the republic, the crown has engrossed the Commons?” Pleading the cause of “final separation” from Britain in the language of the “violated unmeaning names of parent and child,” Paine says,
Problems and Research Needs for Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis Forest Management in Coastal British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Dunsworth Glen B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach (Alaska yellow-cedar, yellow-cypress) is distributed predominantly in the Pacific region of western North American forests from 61°N to 41°N latitude (Fig. 4.1; see Hennon et al., Chapter 3 for range map; Frenkel 1974, Antos and Zobel 1986, Harris 1990, Klinka 1991). Considered by many to be a high-elevation species, it exists on suboptimal conditions from sea level to 2,000 m in many parts of coastal British Columbia (Harlow and Harrar 1969, Viereck and Little 1972, Harris 1990). Although C. nootkatensis will persist on organic soils and ferro-humic podzols, its most rapid growth in coastal British Columbia is on humo-ferric podzols (William J. Beese, personal communication; Klinka 1991). The species requires moist, humid growing conditions and neutral to acidic soils, which predominate north and west on Vancouver Island and on the northwest coast of British Columbia (Krajina 1969, Minore 1979, Harris 1990).