bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Templatized refinement of triangle meshes using surface interpolation
Authors: Su Y. , Senthil Kumar A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMesh refinement is an important process with regards to achieving good accuracy for computational simulation and analysis. Currently, there is a lack of a high‐fidelity refinement algorithm for the accurate modelling of geometry in the absence of a physical geometric model. This paper focuses on using a surface interpolation procedure based on a quartic triangular Bezier patch to approximate the underlying geometry of a mesh and to determine the locations of new subdivision vertices. A robust methodology is used for feature retention and accurate curve fitting at sharp edges and hard vertices. This extends the applicability of the surface fitting procedure to any arbitrary geometric configuration. The refinement is based on a new 1:9 subdivision scheme and its implementation is discussed in detail. Despite its high order subdivision footprint, computational efficiency is made possible by the effective use of lookup tables. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanocomposites of vinyl chloride–acrylonitrile copolymer and silica
Authors: Yu Tianshi , Lin Jiaping , Xu Jiafu , Ding Weiwei 
Published: September 2005

AbstractVinyl chloride–acrylonitrile (VC–AN) copolymer was synthesized through emulsion copolymerization. VC–AN copolymer/silica nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending of copolymer and silica in a common solvent, N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The rheology studies show that the shear‐thinning behavior of the VC–AN copolymer solution becomes less distinct as nano particles are introduced. It was also found that the viscosity of the copolymer solution decreases with adding small amount of nano particles. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that the UV‐treated silica could disperse well in the copolymer matrix. Differential scanning calorimeter studies suggest that the presence of the silica suppresses crystallization of the AN segments in the copolymers. Because of the interactions between copolymer chains and inorganic particles, the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the VC–AN copolymers are improved considerably. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3127–3134, 2005
The effect of freeze‐drying and its implications for botanical medicine: a review
Authors: Abascal Kathy , Ganora Lisa , Yarnell Eric 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBotanical samples are often freeze‐dried (lyophilized) for use in research studies, and a variety of freeze‐dried botanicals are marketed to the public. In both instances, there is an underlying assumption that freeze‐drying properly preserves the medicinal qualities of plants, and is superior to other preservation methods. In fact, little systematic research has been done to verify this assumption. A review of the existing research, done primarily by the food and spice industry, indicates that freeze‐drying has unanticipated and significant effects on the constituent profiles of medicinal plants that puts into question whether freeze‐drying necessarily is the best method to preserve botanical medicines.This research review finds there is insufficient information to conclude that freeze‐drying has negative effects on the medicinal qualities of plants. But, because existing research indicates that freeze‐drying imperfectly preserves important classes of medicinal compounds (such as volatiles, phenolics and carotenoids), may increase the mutation rate in unicellular organisms and may diminish some medicinal plant actions, researchers and practitioners should carefully consider how the use of freeze‐dried material may affect pharmacological and clinical study results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological activity of carotenoids in red paprika, Valencia orange and Golden delicious apple
Authors: Molnár Péter , Kawase Masami , Satoh Kazue , Sohara Yoshitaka , Tanaka Toru , Tani Satoru , Sakagami Hiroshi , Nakashima Hideki , Motohashi Noboru , Gyémánt Nóra , Molnár Joseph 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCarotenoid fractions were extracted from red paprika, Valencia orange peel and the peel of Golden delicious apple. Thus, hypophasic carotenoids of paprika (PM1), orange (PM3) and apple (PM4), and epiphasic extractions of paprika (PM2) and apple (PM5) were obtained by extraction, saponification and partition between MeOH–H2O (9:1) (hypophasic) and hexane (epiphasic). A high content of capsanthin was quantified in hypophasic carotenoids (PM1) from red spice paprika, whereas the hypophasic fractions from orange (PM3) and apple (PM4) were mainly composed of violaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein. On the other hand, a high content of β,β‐carotene and β‐cryptoxanthin was found in epiphasic fractions (PM2 and PM5). The extracts were studied for their anti‐Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytotoxic, multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal and radical scavenging activity. Among five PM extracts and β,βcarotene, PM4 showed potent anti‐H. pylori activity (MIC50 = 36 µg/mL), comparable to metronidazole (MIC50 = 45 µg/mL). The extracts were inactive against HIV. PM3 and PM4 showed slightly higher cytotoxic activity against three human tumor cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma HSC‐2, HSC‐3, submandibular gland carcinoma HSG) and human promyelocytic leukemic HL‐60 cells than against three normal human oral cells (gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC, periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF), suggesting a tumor‐specific cytotoxic activity. PM1, PM3 and PM4 displayed much higher MDR‐reversing activity than (±)‐verapamil. ESR spectroscopy demonstrated that PM1‐5 and β,β‐carotene produced little or no detectable radical under alkaline conditions and did not scavenge the O2− produced by the hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction. On the other hand, PM1 and PM2 scavenged efficiently 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, whereas singlet oxygen was also quenched efficiently by PM5 and PM2. The data suggest the potential importance of carotenoids as possible anti‐H. pylori and MDR reversal agents. The active principles in the carotenoid extract might differ, depending upon the types of fruits and vegetables. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental antihyperglycemic effect of diterpenoids of llareta Azorella compacta (Umbelliferae) Phil in rats
Authors: Fuentes Nelson L. , Sagua Hernan , Morales Glauco , Borquez Jorge , Martin Aurelio San , Soto Julia , Loyola Luis A 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAqueous or ethanol infusions of Azorella compacta (llareta) in common with many other plants have been used as antidiabetic in the popular medicine in the altiplanic region of Chile. In order to determine if the diterpenic compounds chemically elucidated and isolated from this plant are responsible for this effect, streptozotocin diabetic rats (507 ± 67 mg/mL glucose) were injected with two injections of diterpenic compounds mulinolic acid, azorellanol, and mulin‐11,13‐dien‐20‐oic acid at 180 mg/mL. Glycemia of animals treated with mulinolic acid and azorellanol was decreased to 243 ± 2 and 247 ± 14 mg/mL respectively, values very close to those reached by chlorpropamide injection used in controls. After 3 h treatment with mulin‐11,13‐dien‐20‐oic acid no effect was detected. The blood serum insulin in diabetic rats (146 ± 58 pg/mL) was lower than in control rats. After injection of azorellanol, insulin was elevated to 247 ± 23 pg/mL but with mulinolic acid, insulin was not changed. The antihyperglycemic effect of these compounds may explain the effectiveness of llareta in popular medicine. Because of the similarity to the hypoglycemic medication chlorpropamide, azorellanol could be acting on the β cells of pancreatic islets, while mulinolic acid may act upon glucose utilization or production in the liver. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recursion formula for electron repulsion integrals over Hermite polynomials
Authors: Fletcher G. D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA method for computing electron repulsion integrals over contracted Gaussian functions is described in which intermediate integrals over Hermite polynomials are generated by a “pre‐Hermite” recursion (PHR) step before the conversion to regular integrals. This greatly reduces the floating‐point operation counts inside the contraction loops, where only simple “scaling”‐type operations are required, making the method efficient for contracted Gaussians, particularly of high angular momentum. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Comment on “New methods for old Coulomb few‐body problems”
Authors: Zotev V. S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this Comment on the above‐mentioned paper by F. E. Harris, A. M. Frolov, and V. H. Smith, we briefly review our contributions to development of new methods for solution of the Coulomb four‐body problem. We show that our research group, headed by Professor T. K. Rebane, had a priority in using the fully correlated exponential basis for variational calculations of four‐body systems. We also draw attention to the fact that our group subsequently implemented a more advanced method, which uses highly efficient exponential‐trigonometric basis functions for solution of the same problem. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Mixture analysis of longitudinal binary data
Authors: Formann Anton K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe dependence of longitudinal binary outcomes on covariates and the covariation observed between them is often modelled by (multivariate) logistic and probit models, respectively, assuming specified association structure or random effects. Alternatively, latent class models may be used that capture the covariation by assuming heterogeneity of the observational units regarding their reaction tendencies while postulating independence within classes. In the presence of a few categorical covariates, the multi‐group method of latent class analysis allows one to relate the class sizes and the class‐specific response probabilities to these covariates. Wheeze data from the Harvard Six‐Cities study on respiratory health are a typical example for such a situation: at four occasions, the wheeze status of 537 children was examined, 187 among them exposed to maternal smoking and 350 not exposed. Thus, there is a single binary covariate (maternal smokingversusno maternal smoking) making easily applicable the multi‐group method of latent class analysis. Based on a series of unrestricted and restricted models having up to three classes for the exposed and not‐exposed subgroup each, no statistically significant effect of maternal smoking on children's wheeze status could be substantiated. Moreover, it was not possible to show statistically significant difference at all between the two distributions of wheeze patterns collected from exposed and not‐exposed children. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary Bone Tumours of the Hand and Wrist
Authors: CAMPBELL D. A. , MILLNER P. A. , DREGHORN C. R. 
Published: September 2005

Primary bone tumours are rare in the hand and wrist. This 34-year survey of the Leeds Regional Bone Tumour Registry reveals 80 such tumours, representing 3.9% of the total number of bone turnouts in the registry. The large majority of these tumours were benign (86%), and were found predominantly in younger patients. Malignant lesions were found more frequently in older patients. 61% of tumours were found in the metacarpals and proximal phalanges. Two-thirds of patients (67.5%) presented with features of swelling, either with or without pain. We conclude that the information gathered from Bone Tumour Registries is of value in describing tumour characteristics, where such information could not be gathered by personal experience alone.
Sensory Innervation of the Little Finger by an Anomalous Branch of the Median Nerve Associated with Recurrent, Atypical Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: SAEED W. R. , DAVIES D. M. 
Published: September 2005

Superficial sensory communication between the ulnar and median nerves is well recognized. In the vast majority of cases this communication is from the ulnar nerve to the median nerve. We report a case in which a communicating branch passed from the median nerve to the ulnar nerve immediately proximal to the wrist to supply sensation to the little finger. The presence of this branch correlated with the presence of symptoms which had persisted in spite of conventional open carpal release 7 years earlier. Surgical decompression of this branch led to complete resolution of those symptoms.
Emergency Free Tissue Transfer for Severe Upper Extremity Injuries
Authors: NINKOVIC M. , DEETJEN H. , ÖHLER K. , ANDERL H. 
Published: September 2005

29 patients with severe upper extremity injury were treated with 27 emergency free flap and three emergency toe-to-hand transfers, after radical débridement and primary reconstruction of all injured structures. There was no flap failure, and no infections or wound-healing complication were seen. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 6.6 years with a mean of 3.2 years. 19 patients returned to work (14 to their original jobs), three were retired and another seven had no employment before injury. Operation time ranged from 2 hours 45 minutes to 18 hours 20 minutes with an average of 7 hours 45 minutes, depending upon the size of the defect and mechanism of injury. Long-term follow-up revealed successful functional and aesthetic results, decreased morbidity and invalidity, and reduced rates of free flap failure, post-operative infection, secondary operative procedures, hospital stay and medical expense.
An Anatomical study of the mechanical Interactions of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and profundus and the Flexor Tendon Sheath in Zone 2
Authors: WALBEEHM E. T. , McGROUTHER D. A. 
Published: September 2005

The mechanical interactions of tendon loading and motion between FDS and FDP tendons and the distal edge of the A2-pulley (DEA2) were investigated in cadaveric hands. The FDP tendon showed a two-stranded contrarotational spiral of tendon fibres, their course parallel to the FDS fibres. On loading, the FDP tendon changed cross-sectional shape and the two slips of FDS moved closer together, applying lateral force on the FDP tendon. The formula DEA2-MCP/proximal phalanx length was calculated as 0.64 ± 0.052 mm/mm. Excursions of bifurca and chiasma were measured relative to the DEA2. In full extension the bifurca was well proximal to the DEA2, the chiasma always distal. In flexion, the chiasma approximated to DEA2 level. Therefore, an additional anteroposterior force should exist at DEA2 level between FDS and the DEA2 on the FDP-tendon. The changes in tendon shape and the lateral- and anteroposterior forces produce a “compressional” mechanism on FDP by FDS which may alter frictional resistance. This mechanism is compared with the Chiropteran tendon locking mechanism.
Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve and Its Vascular Bundle for the Entrapment Syndrome at the Elbow
Authors: MESSINA A. , MESSINA J. C. 
Published: September 2005

Surgical findings show important alterations of the extrinsic and intrinsic vascularity of the ulnar nerve in the epitroclear groove. Current procedures are only able to solve the mechanical aspect of nerve compression. Transposition may cause additional iatrogenic ischaemic damage of endoneural vascularity if the nerve is separated from the ulnar collateral artery to achieve anterior mobilization. Our technique of transposition of the ulnar nerve with its vascular bundle maintains the advantages of anterior transposition currently in use, but is able to preserve the whole vascularity of the nerve, thus solving the biological aspect of nerve compression. This allows quicker recovery of axonal activity that was chronically compromised by the entrapment neuropathy. The technique and the results in 30 patients (90% excellent and good, 10% fair) treated since 1987 are presented.
A Comparison of Immediate and Delayed Nerve Repair Using Autologous Freeze-Thawed Muscle Grafts in a Large Animal Model
Authors: LAWSON G. M. , GLASBY M. A. 
Published: September 2005

Freeze-thawed muscle grafts (FTMG) have been suggested as an alternative to nerve grafts in reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects. This study compares the results of immediate and delayed nerve repair with freeze-thawed muscle graft in a large animal model. Under general anaesthesia, ten adult sheep underwent excision of 3 cm of the right median nerve. Five had immediate nerve reconstruction with FTMGs (Group A) and five were repaired after 4 weeks (Group B). At 6 months, both the right (repaired) and left (“control”) median nerves of each sheep were assessed. Nerve blood flow distal to the graft in both groups of repaired nerves was approximately 60% of that in their respective control nerves. Peak nerve conduction velocities were significantly slower in the repaired nerves. The mean fibre diameters of the immediate and delayed repairs were 5.06 and 3.90 μ respectively compared to a control mean of 8.58 μ. G-ratios confirmed that the repaired nerves in both groups were well myelinated. The authors conclude that the FTMG can be used in delayed as well as immediate nerve reconstruction with minimal impairment of final results.
The Use of Bier's Block for Day Case Surgery
Authors: DUNLOP D. J. , GRAHAM C. M. , WALDRAM M. A. , MULLIGAN P. J. , WATT J. M. 
Published: September 2005

With the increasing popularity of day case surgery it is important to ensure that safe and appropriate techniques are being used. We retrospectively reviewed a large series of 732 patients who underwent planned day case hand surgery under intravenous regional anaesthesia (modified Bier's block) over a 5-year period. We found a modified Bier's block to be ideally suited to day case surgery with no deaths, minimal morbidity and a success rate in excess of 98%.
Post-Operative Infection Following Hand Surgery
Authors: PLATT A. J. , PAGE R. E. 
Published: September 2005

An audit was designed to analyse the risk factors for developing post-operative wound infection following hand surgery. 249 consecutive patients were prospectively entered into the study. 236 (95%) patients were available for follow-up. Infection was diagnosed by clinical criteria. There was an infection rate of 10.7% in elective operations and 9.7% in emergency operations. There was no significant reduction in infection rate in the elective group with the use of antibiotics ( P=0.5). In the emergency group of patients peri-operative antibiotic administration was associated with an 8.5-fold reduction in infection rate ( P=0.014). The presence of a dirty wound was associated with a 13.4-fold increase in post-operative wound infection rate ( P=0.002). A postal questionnaire of members of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand revealed a wide variation in antibiotic usage. Guidelines for antibiotic use in patients undergoing hand surgery are presented.
The Functional Results of Ulnar Nerve Repair
Authors: TREVETT M. C. , TUSON C. , de JAGER L. T. , JUON J-M. 
Published: September 2005

The subjective, objective and functional outcome following repair of isolated ulnar nerve injuries was assessed in 50 patients, 1 to 7 years after repair. We tried to identify those patients who may benefit from early tendon transfer. This study confirmed a satisfactory functional result in sedentary workers, but not in manual labourers. Intrinsic muscle power, grip strength, key pinch and sensation continued to improve following repair of high injuries for at least 2 years, and of low injuries for at least 3 years. Early tendon transfers are only recommended in manual workers who complain of poor grip or key pinch.
Mycobacterial Tenosynovitis of the Flexor Tendons of the Hand
Authors: Regnard P-J. , Barry P. , Isselin J. 
Published: September 2005

We present five cases of mycobacterial tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons of the fingers. These cases were observed during the last 12 years and treated by the same surgeon. This pathology is uncommon now, but it is becoming more frequent, especially in patients with diminished immunity. The diagnosis was most commonly made after synovectomy in patients presenting with carpal tunnel syndrome associated with slightly painful swelling at the wrist. Histological and bacteriological examinations are very important and revealed tuberculosis in four of our patients and mycobacterium in one, and the treatment consists of synovectomy and appropriate antibiotics. The functional result is usually good, but recurrence is not uncommon. Long-term follow-up is necessary. Local corticosteroid therapy could have a part in the causation of this condition.
Results of Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Fusion for Isolated Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: SRINIVASAN V. B. , MATTHEWS J. P. 
Published: September 2005

Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) joint fusion was carried out for pain relief in eight patients with isolated arthritis. Seven patients had satisfactory relief of symptoms. The subjective results were excellent in five, good in two and bad in one patient, who had non-union of the arthrodesis and was also the only patient to develop trapeziometacarpal arthritis. Average grip strength was 0.8 and lateral pinch strength was 0.7 of that in the other hand. There was a very small relative difference in dexterity. There was an average difference of 9° of flexion–extension and 13° of radio-ulnar deviation. It is concluded that for isolated idiopathic STT arthritis, fusion gives very satisfactory results with minimal complications.
Maintaining the Safe Position in a Palmar Splint
Authors: TAAMS K. O. , ASH G. J. , JOHANNES S. 
Published: September 2005

The injured and operated hand is routinely immobilized for a variable period of time in a palmar plaster splint. To minimize subsequent joint stiffness, the preferred position of immobilization of the hand is the “safe position”. The true position of the hand in a splint was assessed on a lateral X-ray directly after application and just before removal 3 weeks later. It appears that in time the hand in a conventional palmar plaster splint loses its initial position because the bandage stretches. The “double-T” plaster splint maintains the safe position of the hand significantly better than the conventional palmar splint.
Radio-Lunate Arthrodesis for Distal Radial Intraarticular Malunion
Authors: SAFFAR P. 
Published: September 2005

Eleven cases of symptomatic distal radial intraarticular malunion were treated by radio-lunate arthrodesis from 1983 to 1991. The mean age was 35.3 years. There were 11 men, all manual workers. The mechanism was usually a high velocity injury. The time elapsed since injury was a mean 23 months (2–109 months). The range of motion was, on average, flexion 39°, extension 27°, radial deviation 10° and ulnar deviation 20°. Pain was present on light work and grip strength was 45% of the opposite side. The average step-off was 4.4 mm. The scapho-lunate gap was greater than 3 mm in three cases and 5 mm in one case. An ulnar translation of the carpus greater than 4 mm was present in four cases. Posterior subluxation was significant in three cases. The distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) was totally destroyed in three cases, and incongruent in five. Radio-lunate arthrodesis is performed by a posterior approach. Other procedures were combined, mainly on the DRUJ. The average follow-up was 28.5 months (8–79 months). Healing was achieved in ten out of 11 cases in 45 to 90 days. Pain was absent or moderate after 4 months. The range of motion was 33° in flexion, 39° in extension, 17° in radial deviation and 29° in ulnar deviation. The average post-operative strength was 57% of the opposite side (19 kg/33). Eight patients returned to their previous work and two to lighter work.