bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood cancer in Uruguay: 1992–1994. Incidence and mortality
Authors: Castillo Luis , Fluchel Mark , Dabezies Agustin , Pieri Daniel , Brockhorst Nicole , Barr Ronald 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe referral of all children with cancer in Uruguay to a single center affords the opportunity to generate population‐based incidence and mortality rates in this developing country in Latin America.ProcedureAll incident cases of cancer in children, 0–14 years of age, were ascertained from a combination of three sources for the period January 1992–December 1994. Diagnoses were grouped according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. Information on the size and age distribution of the total population was obtained from national census records. Follow‐up was undertaken until December 1999 to afford a minimum interval of 5 years and the determination of mortality rates.ResultsThe average annual incidence was 133.6 cases of cancer per million children per year and the disease distribution was similar to that in industrialized countries, with the exception of a higher rate and younger age distribution for the Hodgkin disease. The overall age‐standarized mortality rate from cancer in childhood, at 6.5 per 100,000, was approximately twice that in the United States and Canada.ConclusionsBasic indicators of development suggest that Uruguay is more akin to the countries of North America and Western Europe than to those in the developing world. An opportunity has been identified to improve the outcome for children with cancer in this country. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:400–404. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cysteamine supplementation during in vitro maturation and embryo culture: A useful tool for increasing the efficiency of bovine in vitro embryo production
Authors: de Matos D.G. , Herrera C. , Cortvrindt R. , Smitz J. , Van Soom A. , Nogueira D. , Pasqualini R.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCysteamine when added during in vitro maturation (IVM) or in vitro embryo culture (IVC) stimulates glutathione (GSH) synthesis and improves embryo developmental rates. This suggests that GSH synthesis is decreased in the in vitro produced embryo. The present study was carried out to evaluate if addition of cysteamine to culture medium at the same time, during IVM and IVC of bovine oocytes, may promote an overall improvement on the developmental rate and embryo quality. Oocytes were matured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum, hormones, and 0 or 100 μM of cysteamine for 24 hr. After IVM, the oocytes were fertilized (day 0). Day 2 embryos (2–8 cell) were washed and transferred to fresh IVC medium supplemented with 0, 25, 50, or 100 μM of cysteamine and cultured for 48 hr. After this, embryos were cultured in IVC medium without cysteamine until day 8 of IVC. In the present study, we confirmed our previous results by demonstrating that the percentage of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when 100 μM of cysteamine was added during IVM, and this was further improved when 100 and 50 μM of cysteamine where present during IVM and IVC, respectively (P < 0.05). After cryopreservation, no differences were observed on embryo development, but a significant increase on embryo hatching was found between unsupplemented and supplemented oocytes with 100 and 50 μM of cysteamine during IVM and IVC, respectively (P < 0.05). We can conclude that GSH synthesis stimulation during bovine IVM with cysteamine, concomitant with GSH stimulation during IVC, will be a useful and simple tool for increasing the efficiency of in vitro bovine embryo production. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 203–209, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroin‐like substance is a major component of the outer layer of fertilization envelope via which carp egg adheres to the substratum
Authors: Chang Yea‐Sha , Huang Fore‐Lien 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeven cDNA encoding silkworm fibroin homologues were cloned from a carp ovarian cDNA library. The encoded proteins are denoted as carp ovarian fibroin‐like substances (FLS). FLS contain a repetitive domain consisting of tandem repeats of dipeptide of Gly‐X, where X may be any amino acid. Each FLS has its own unique repeating sequence, such as GQGAGQGS, GQGMGQGM, GRGQGEGHGS, and GFGFGQGS, indicating a family of FLS genes exists in carp. FLS is exclusively expressed in oocytes and is stored in cortical granules. During cortical reaction, FLS is exocytosed to perivitelline space and then gradually added to the outer layer of the fertilization envelope (FEo). The FLS of fertilization envelope is conjugated with cystatin and cathepsin‐like substance (CLS) and appears in multiple bands of molecular weights ranging from 40 to 205 kDa. After fertilization or artificial activation, carp eggs adhere firmly to the substratum via FEo. FLS is a major component of FEo. The presence of transglutaminase inhibitor, cadaverine or ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid, in the cortical reaction medium can impair or block the recruitment of FLS and other substances to FEo. As a consequence, FEo is not formed or is greatly reduced, resulting in a great reduction of egg adhesion. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 397–406, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sperm axoneme: A tale of tubulin posttranslation diversity
Authors: Kierszenbaum Abraham L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo microtubule‐containing structures are assembled during spermiogenesis: a transient manchette and a stable axoneme. Both structures contain microtubules enriched in posttranslationally modified tubulins. Despite the existence of a spectrum of tubulin isotypes postulated by the multi‐tubulin hypothesis, further extended by an elaborated array of posttranslational modifications, it is unknown how this diversity influences microtubule function. There is increasing evidence that different αβ‐tubulin isotypes can affect the structure and function of microtubules. It is also becoming increasingly clear that eukaryotic cells encode other tubulin proteins expressed by the tubulin superfamily: γ, δ ε, ζ η, and FtsZ have been identified so far. Although the role of γ‐tubulin in the nucleation of microtubule assembly is well established, the function of δ‐, ε‐, ζ‐, η‐, and FtsZ‐tubulins is less understood. The members of the tubulin superfamilies found in spermatids include the αβ‐tubulin dimer, in addition to γ‐tubulin in the centrosome, and δ‐tubulin in the perinuclear ring region of the mouse spermatid manchette, the centrosome region, and flagellum. Posttranslational modifications in tubulin isotypes are predominant in the C‐terminus exposed on the outside surface of the microtubule. This target site may influence the interaction of microtubule‐associated proteins, including motor proteins, and therefore determine the functional specificity of tubulin isotypes. It remains to be determined whether other newcomers to the superfamily of tubulins contain sites prone to posttranslational modification. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 1‐3, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a novel gene, sperm‐tail‐associated protein (Stap), in mouse post‐meiotic testicular germ cells
Authors: Ohuchi Jun , Arai Toshio , Kon Yasuhiro , Asano Atsushi , Yamauchi Hideto , Watanabe Tomomasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring mammalian spermatogenesis, many specific molecules show the dynamics of expression and elimination, corresponding with the morphological differentiation of germ cells. We have isolated a novel cDNA designated F77 from mouse testis by cDNA subtractive hybridization between normal and sterile mice, using the C57BL/6 congenic strain for the hybrid sterilityhyphen;3 lpar;Hsthyphen;3rpar; allele from Mus spretus. The full‐length F77 mRNA was 3.4 kb and showed significant nonmatching with entries in the databases. F77 was mapped at a proximal position between D8Mit212 and D8Mit138 on mouse chromosome 8, in which no corresponding genes related to its nucleotide sequence were found. F77 mRNA was not detected in any other organs except the testis of adult fertile mice. F77 protein was only seen in normal adult testis and epididymis. In contrast to normal C57BL/6 mice, F77 mRNA and protein were not seen in germ cell‐deficient KitW/KitWv mice. By in situ hybridization, F77 mRNA was detected mainly at round spermatids in the sexually mature testis, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that F77 protein was located at the tail of elongated spermatids. We are proposing the name, sperm‐tail‐associated protein (Stap), for the gene encoding F77 cDNA. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59: 350–358, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Living with support in a home in the community: Predictors of behavioral development and household and community activity
Authors: Felce David , Emerson Eric 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to review studies of behavioral development and household and community activity among adults with mental retardation living in community residential services and to distill knowledge about the factors that influence outcome. Research points to behavioral development occurring across the full spectrum of disability but influenced by mental retardation syndrome and the acquisition of pivotal skills. However, engagement in household and community activities has been found to be strongly related to individual adaptive behavior. People with more severe mental retardation are vulnerable to leading lives characterized by underoccupation and lack of community involvement. Moving from institutional to community‐based residential services may be accompanied by significant increases in adaptive behavior, but a plateau effect on subsequent development has also been reported. There is substantial evidence to suggest that key aspects of effective teaching technology may be absent in community‐based residential environments. Community settings support greater engagement in household and community activities than institutions. Ordinary housing stock and normative architecture and standards of material enrichment are to be preferred. The use of normative housing constrains group living to relatively small scale, but there is little evidence that smaller size within this range is to be preferred to larger size. There is little evidence to suggest that higher staff‐to‐resident ratios lead to uniformly better outcomes, but staff orientation, working methods, and performance are important influences. Little is known about what precise characteristics of community location give rise to greater community integration. MRDD Research Reviews 7:75–83, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncertainty in the analysis of tracer kinetics using dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI
Authors: Buckley David L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years a number of physiological models have gained prominence in the analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI data. However, there remains little evidence to support their use in estimating the absolute values of tissue physiological parameters such as perfusion, capillary permeability, and blood volume. In an attempt to address this issue, data were simulated using a distributed pathway model of tracer kinetics, and three published models were fitted to the resultant concentration‐time curves. Parameter estimates obtained from these fits were compared with the parameters used for the simulations. The results indicate that the use of commonly accepted models leads to systematic overestimation of the transfer constant, Ktrans, and potentially large underestimates of the blood plasma volume fraction, Vp. In summary, proposals for a practical approach to physiological modeling using MRI data are outlined. Magn Reson Med 47:601–606, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervicobrachial involvement in diabetic radiculoplexopathy
Authors: Katz Jonathan S. , Saperstein David S. , Wolfe Gil , Nations Sharon P. , Alkhersam Husam , Amato Anthony A. , Barohn Richard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiabetic radiculoplexopathy is commonly viewed as a condition affecting the lower extremities. However, other regions may also be affected and the presence of upper extremity involvement has rarely been emphasized. Our goal was to illustrate the clinical features of arm involvement in this condition. Of 60 patients with diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy, we identified 9 who also had upper extremity involvement. The study included 8 men and 1 woman, ranging in age from 36 to 71 years. Upper limb involvement developed simultaneously with the onset of lower limb disorder in 1 patient, preceded it by 2 months in another patient, and occurred between 3 weeks and 15 months later in the remaining 7. In 5 cases, arm involvement developed after symptoms in the legs began to improve. The upper extremity weakness affected the hands and forearms most severely. It was unilateral in 5 patients and bilateral but asymmetric in 4. Pain was often present, but it was not a prominent feature. In most patients, neurologic deficits in the arms improved spontaneously after 2–9 months. We conclude that diabetic radiculoplexopathy may involve the cervical region before, after, or simultaneously with the lumbosacral syndrome. The upper limb process is similar to that in the legs, with subacutely progressive weakness and pain followed by spontaneous recovery. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 794–798, 2001
Numerical performance of projection methods in finite element consolidation models
Authors: Gambolati Giuseppe , Pini Giorgio , Ferronato Massimiliano 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProjection, or conjugate gradient like, methods are becoming increasingly popular for the efficient solution of large sparse sets of unsymmetric indefinite equations arising from the numerical integration of (initial) boundary value problems. One such problem is soil consolidation coupling a flow and a structural model, typically solved by finite elements (FE) in space and a marching scheme in time (e.g. the Crank–Nicolson scheme). The attraction of a projection method stems from a number of factors, including the ease of implementation, the requirement of limited core memory and the low computational cost if a cheap and effective matrix preconditioner is available. In the present paper, biconjugate gradient stabilized (Bi‐ CGSTAB) is used to solve FE consolidation equations in 2‐D and 3‐D settings with variable time integration steps. Three different nodal orderings are selected along with the preconditioner ILUT based on incomplete triangular factorization and variable fill‐in. The overall cost of the solver is made up of the preconditioning cost plus the cost to converge which is in turn related to the number of iterations and the elementary operations required by each iteration. The results show that nodal ordering affects the perfor mance of Bi‐CGSTAB. For normally conditioned consolidation problems Bi‐CGSTAB with the best ILUT preconditioner may converge in a number of iterations up to two order of magnitude smaller than the size of the FE model and proves an accurate, cost‐effective and robust alternative to direct methods. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of ureteral motility and promotion of urine flow around an intraureteral obstruction by CL‐316243, phenylephrine, and furosemide in dogs
Authors: Tomiyama Yoshitaka , Murakami Makoto , Akiyama Katsuyoshi , Kojima Masami , Akahane Masuo , Park Young‐Chol , Kurita Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a β3‐adrenoceptor (AR) agonist (CL‐316243), an α1‐AR agonist (phenylephrine), and a loop diuretic (furosemide) on the spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the isolated canine ureter and on an acute ureteral obstruction produced by inflation of a balloon catheter in anesthetized dogs. In the isolated ureter, CL‐316243 concentration dependently reduced both the amplitude and frequency of the rhythmic contractions (pD2: 7.19 ± 0.33), whereas phenylephrine significantly enhanced both variables (pD2: 5.26 ± 0.09) and furosemide reduced them only slightly. In the acute ureteral obstruction model, the intraureteral pressure (IUP) gradually rose to reach a plateau of 58.9 mm Hg after inflation of a balloon catheter within the lower ureter. Intravenous administration of CL‐316243 (0.3 μg/kg) significantly reduced the elevated IUP and the resumed urine flow (UF), leading to a sustained reduction in the IUP. In contrast, the IUP continued to increase above the plateau level for 10 minutes after phenylephrine administration (10 μg/kg) and for 30 minutes after furosemide administration (1,000 μg/kg). In the phenylephrine group, the UF resumed when the IUP reached 75.8 mm Hg, and thereafter the IUP gradually decreased in parallel with the increase in the UF. From these results, we conclude that in dogs, CL‐316243 reduces the IUP by allowing the UF to resume as a result of a relaxation of ureter at the obstruction site, whereas with phenylephrine, the reduction in the IUP is secondary to a resumption in the UF resulting from an induced contraction of ureter that causes an increase in hydrostatic pressure above the obstruction site. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:251–257, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas chromatographic analysis of essential oils with preliminary partition of components
Authors: Isidorov V. A. , Zenkevich I. G. , Krajewska U. , Dubis E. N. , Jaroszynska J. , Bal K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe efficiency of using combinations of retention indices and partition coefficients (Kp) with a hexane: acetonitrile system has been demonstrated by taking as an example the essential oil from Artemisia pallens Wall. Preliminary partition of the components between the two partly mixing liquids provides information by which components can be attributed to the appropriate homologous series. The use of group constants (j), which are functions of both partition coefficients and GC retention indices, in the practice of identifying the components of essential oils is reported for the first time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid and inexpensive microplate assay for the enzymatic determination of glucose, fructose, sucrose, L‐malate and citrate in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) extracts and in orange juice
Authors: Velterop Joyce S. , Vos Femke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSugars and organic acids are important determinants of taste in fruits and vegetables. Based on the enzymatic analyses originally developed by Boehringer‐Mannheim, rapid and reliable microplate‐based assays were devised for glucose, fructose and sucrose in tomato and orange juice, and citrate and L‐malate in tomato. These microplate assays were used to compare some commercially available tomato types, and to study the compartmentation of sugars and acids between pericarp and locular tissue of tomato fruit. The microplate format allows analysis of many samples per day and the only apparatus required is a microplate reader. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased fetal nuchal fold leading to prenatal diagnosis of ring chromosome 15
Authors: Liu Yu‐Hung , Dyh Chang Shuenn , Chen Fang‐Ping 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on the prenatal diagnosis of ring chromosome 15 in a fetus with increased nuchal fold and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A 27‐year‐old woman gravida 2, para 1 had normal maternal serum screen tests in the early second trimester of the index pregnancy. Fetal nuchal fold thickening up to 8 mm was incidentally found during the routine obstetric ultrasound scan at 20 weeks' gestation. Amniocentesis was undertaken and the fetal karyotype was found to be 46,XY,r(15) on cytogenetic study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a telomeric probe of chromosome 15 demonstrated a terminal deletion on the q arm of the ring‐shaped chromosome 15. This is the first report of a prenatally diagnosed case of ring chromosome 15. Moreover, nuchal fold thickness in the second trimester may have a role in its prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysplastic and polycystic kidneys: diagnosis, associations and management
Authors: Winyard Paul , Chitty Lyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCystic and bright kidneys can pose a significant diagnostic dilemma when discovered as an incidental finding at the time of a routine fetal ultrasound scan. There are diverse aetiologies with equally variable implications for the prognosis in the affected fetus, and for future pregnancies. Accurate antenatal diagnosis in the absence of any positive family history is often not possible and a team approach to management (to include the fetal medicine specialist, paediatric nephrologist or urologist, geneticists and in some cases, pathologist) is essential. In this review we will attempt to describe the embryology and aetiology of these conditions and suggest an approach to management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health needs, drug registration and control in less developed countries—the Peruvian case
Authors: Figueras Albert , Vasquez Susana , Arnau Josep‐Maria , Laporte Joan‐Ramon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of factors influence how medicines are used in each community, but drug registration is the initial and usually necessary step. In the course of an external advisory consultation, the list of approved medicines in Peru in 1998 was examined. Of 1672 newly approved forms, 119 were of 49 new chemical entities. Sildenafil, meloxicam, nimesulide, candesartan, irebesartan, naratriptan, trovafloxacin and grepafloxacin were among them. Several aspects about the new global drug situation and ‘real’ health needs versus ‘induced’ health needs are discussed from this example. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous distribution kinetics for ultrasonic degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Madras Giridhar , Karmore Vishal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUltrasonic degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was carried out in several solvents and some mixtures of solvents. The time evolution of molecular weight distribution (MWD), determined by gel permeation chromatography, is analysed by continuous distribution kinetics. The rate coefficients for polymer degradation are determined for each solvent. The variation of rate coefficients is correlated with the vapour pressure of the solvent, kinematic viscosity of the solution and solvent–polymer interaction parameters. The vapour pressure and the kinematic viscosity of the solution are found to be more critical than other parameters (such as the Huggins and Flory–Huggins constants) in determining the degradation rates.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Profile analysis of the Woodcock‐Johnson III tests of cognitive abilities with gifted students
Authors: Rizza Mary G. , McIntosh David E. , McCunn Alice 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll (CHC) factor clusters of the Woodcock‐Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ III COG; Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001) were studied with a group of gifted (n = 51) and nongifted individuals (n = 51). Specifically, a profile analysis was conducted using the seven CHC factors identified by the WJ III COG authors. The gifted and nongifted individuals were between the ages of 5 and 18 years, and were matched on gender, age, ethnicity, and father's level of education. Each group consisted of 23 females and 28 males. The mean age in months for the gifted group was 135.61 (SD = 48.81), and the mean age in months for the nongifted group was 134.25 (SD = 47.86). The results of the profile analysis found gifted and nongifted individuals display similar patterns of performance across the CHC factor clusters. As expected, the gifted group, on average, scored consistently higher across the set of CHC factor clusters compared to the nongifted group. In addition, no intracognitive differences were found among the CHC factor clusters for either the gifted or nongifted group. Clinical and educational considerations when using the WJ III COG when assessing giftedness are also discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.