bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 5000-yr Record of Climate Change in Varved Sediments from the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Pakistan, Northeastern Arabian Sea
Authors: von Rad Ulrich , Schaaf Michael , Michels Klaus H. , Schulz Hartmut , Berger Wolfgang H. , Sirocko Frank 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe upper Holocene marine section from a kasten core taken from the oxygen minimum zone off Karachi (Pakistan) at water depth 700 m contains continuously laminated sediments with a sedimentation rate of 1.2 mm/yr and a unique record of monsoonal climatic variability covering the past 5000 years. Our chronostratigraphy is based on varve counts verified by conventional and AMS14C dating. Individual hemipelagic varve couplets are about 0.8–1.5 mm thick, with light-colored terrigenous laminae (A) deposited mainly during the winter monsoon alternating with dark-colored laminae (B) rich in marine organic matter, coccoliths, and fish debris that reflect deposition during the high-productivity season of the late summer monsoon (August–October). Precipitation and river runoff appear to control varve thickness and turbidite frequency. We infer that precipitation decreased in the river watershed (indicated by thinning varves) after 3500–4000 yr B.P. This is about the time of increasing aridification in the Near East and Middle East, as documented by decreasing Nile River runoff data and lake-level lowstands between Turkey and northwestern India. This precipitation pattern continued until today with precipitation minima about 2200–1900 yr B.P., 1000 yr B.P., and in the late Middle Ages (700–400 yr B.P.), and precipitation maxima in the intervening periods. As documented by spectral analysis, the thickness of varve couplets responds to the average length of a 250-yr cycle, a 125-yr cycle, the Gleissberg cycle of solar activity (95 yr), and a 56-yr cycle of unknown origin. Higher frequency cycles are also present at 45, 39, 29–31, and 14 yr. The sedimentary gray-value also shows strong variability in the 55-yr band plus a 31-yr cycle. Because high-frequency cyclicity in the ENSO band (ca. 3.5 and 5 yr) is only weakly expressed, our data do not support a straightforward interaction of the Pacific ENSO with the monsoon-driven climate system of the Arabian Sea.
Male gender: Risk factor for severe symptomatic cholelithiasis
Authors: Lein Heng‐Hui , Huang Ching‐Shui 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of male gender on the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been accepted as standard procedure for the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis even when the gallbladder is acutely inflamed. With the accumulated experience in the management of acute cholecystitis, some factors including male gender were recognized to influence the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis and increase the conversion rate during LC. This retrospective study tried to clarify the correlation between male gender and the clinical presentation of symptomatic cholelithiasis. The medical records of all patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 1994 to August 1999 were evaluated. These cases were divided into four groups as follows: (1) elective LC group: patients with a history of biliary colic or acute attack of cholecystitis but whose LC was performed electively without any inflammatory change in the gallbladder during operation; (2) acute LC group: patients presenting with acute cholecystitis, and LC was performed successfully without conversion; (3) acute conversion group: patients who underwent LC during the course of acute cholecystitis but the procedure were disturbed by severe inflammatory change so they were converted to open surgery; (4) acute open group: patients whose acute cholecystitis was managed by direct open surgery due to the preoperative prediction that LC would not succeed. The correlation of gender, age, and operating time were assessed among these four groups. We found that: (1) the male/female ratio increased (in the patient group sequence of simple LC, acute LC, acute open, and acute conversion group); (2) in the acute LC group male patients had significantly (p=0.04, t‐test) longer operating time than females; (3) although there was no significant difference between the mean age of male (55.7±13.4) and female (56.3±15.7) patients in the acute cholecystitis groups (i.e., all patients in the acute LC, acute conversion, and acute open groups), the distribution curve by age in male patients showed a significantly shift to a younger age compared with female patients (p=0.009, Fisher’s exact test).
What memory strategy is best for examinations in psychology?
Authors: McDougall Siné , Gruneberg Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examines the memory strategies used by psychology students during their finals examinations. The strategies used, as evidenced by exam plans at the front of their answers, were related to actual examination performance. The results of the present study showed that, when students' worst marks were considered, those not showing evidence of having used any strategy performed significantly worse than those using a strategy. The strategy which involved listing researchers names proved to be better than a no‐strategy approach. However, when students' best marks were considered, no differences were apparent in examination marks as a result of the strategies which students employed. This suggests that the type of strategy used is more important when students' knowledge of a topic is weak in comparison to when students have a good knowledge of a topic area. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic EEG interpretation adaptable to individual electroencephalographer using artificial neural network
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Sugi Takenao , Ikeda Akio , Shibasaki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn view of the fact that the visual EEG interpretation could be a subjective task and may vary among the electroencephalographers, the main objective of this study was to develop an automatic EEG interpretation system which is adaptable to each electroencephalographer. The system adapted to each electroencephalographer would bring a close automatic EEG interpretation to that done by the electroencephalographer's visual interpretation. The adaptable automatic EEG interpretation was accomplished by using the constructive neural network with forgetting factor. The artificial neural network was constructed so as to give the integrative interpretation of the EEG based on the intermediate judgment of 13 items that characterized the visual interpretation. The developed method was evaluated based on the visually inspected EEG data of 37 patients by electroencephalographer‐A and the data of 20 patients by electroencephalographer‐B. The adapted ANN showed good agreement with each electroencephalographer's visual inspection. The proposed automatic EEG interpretation by use of the ANN can be a powerful assistant tool for individual electroencephalographers for their EEG interpretation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computationally efficient algorithms for state estimation with ellipsoidal approximations
Authors: Maksarov D. G. , Norton J. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractComputationally efficient algorithms for computing minimal‐volume ellipsoidal bounds on the state of a linear, discrete‐time dynamical system are presented. Ellipsoidally bounded noise is considered, rather than the scalar‐noise case usually treated; the latter is covered as a degenerate special case of the former. The algorithms have differing accuracy and computational requirements, resulting from differing specifications of the bounds. The paper compares these alternative approaches to computing ellipsoidal bounds on state, giving simulation results to illustrate the performance of the algorithms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A test of homogeneity for autoregressive processes
Authors: Gómez Rafael Martínez Pedro , Drouiche Karim 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new hypothesis test to determine whether or not two spectral densities are proportional. We deliberately limit our study to autoregressive processes and derive the asymptotic behaviour of the test. A test for autoregressive coefficient nullity or randomness is deduced. We derive asymptotic behaviour for these tests and show the usefulness of our test to detect speech in a noisy environment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient adaptive algorithm for edge detection based on the likelihood ratio test
Authors: De Santis A. , Iacoviello D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe edge detection problem in blurred and noisy 2‐D signals is dealt with. An adaptive signal processing algorithm is proposed which marks edge points according to an hypothesis test which compares the likelihoods of two models describing the local signal behaviour in the two cases of absence/presence of an edge. The two models are identified by a regularized least squares estimation algorithm, obtaining a numerically efficient procedure, quite robust with respect to additive noise and blurr perturbation. No global thresholding or data prefiltering is required. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line almost‐sure parameter estimation for partially observed discrete‐time linear systems with known noise characteristics
Authors: Elliott Robert J. , Ford Jason J. , Moore John B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we discuss parameter estimators for fully and partially observed discrete‐time linear stochastic systems (in state‐space form) with known noise characteristics. We propose finite‐dimensional parameter estimators that are based on estimates of summed functions of the state, rather than of the states themselves. We limit our investigation to estimation of the state transition matrix and the observation matrix. We establish almost‐sure convergence results for our proposed parameter estimators using standard martingale convergence results, the Kronecker lemma and an ordinary differential equation approach. We also provide simulation studies which illustrate the performance of these estimators. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of state regulations on marketing margins and price transmission asymmetry: Evidence from the New York City and upstate New York fluid milk markets
Authors: Romain Robert , Doyon Maurice , Frigon Mathieu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA marketing margin model that allows testing for constant returns to scale technology and asymmetric marketing costs and farm price transmissions is proposed. Results indicate that a constant returns to scale technology cannot be rejected. During the period prior to the enactment of the price gouging law in June 1991 by the New York State Legislature, significant short‐run and long‐run asymmetries in both marketing costs and farm price transmissions were identified. After 1991, these asymmetries were no longer significant or were reduced substantially. Finally, the legislative change that occurred in 1987, allowing Farmland Dairies' entry into the New York City fluid milk market, contributed significantly to reducing marketing margins in the New York City fluid milk market. [EconLit Citations: D400, C300] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HOXD13 polyalanine tract expansion in classical synpolydactyly type Vordingborg
Authors: Kjaer Klaus Wilbrandt , Hedeboe Jess , Bugge Merete , Hansen Claus , Friis‐Henriksen Karen , Vestergaard Maria Baeksted , Tommerup Niels , Opitz John M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn 1927, Oluf Thomsen, in a classic paper, described a seven‐generation family with autosomal dominant axial synpolydactyly (SPD)—the Vordingborgtyp of axis duplication and dysostosis. Expansion of a polyalanine tract in the HOXD13 gene is known to cause synpolydactyly. We have rediscovered part of the family described by Thomsen, and detected a 9 triplet polyalanine expansion within HOXD13segregating with the disorder. The phenotypic spectrum in mutation carriers ranged from severe to inapparent bone malformations. In the latter case, only dermatoglyphics revealed the genetic status. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trisomy 20q caused by der(4) t(4;20) (q35;q13.1): Report of a new patient and review of the literature
Authors: Plotner Pamela L. , Smith Janice L. , Northrup Hope 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn infant with multiple congenital anomalies and severe developmental delay was found to have a derivative chromosome 4 by routine karyotypic analysis. Using telomeric FISH analysis, the source of the additional chromatin was determined to be from 20q. The infant, thus, is trisomic for 20q13.1 to 20qter and monosomic for the sub‐telomeric region of 4q. Other cases of trisomy 20q13.1to 20qter associated with telomeric deletions are reviewed and compared to the current patient. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probable identity of Goltz syndrome and Van Allen‐Myhre syndrome: Evidence from phenotypic evolution
Authors: Hancock Susan , Pryde Peter , Fong Christine , Brazy Jane E. , Stewart Katharina , Favour Amy , Pauli Richard M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a girl who was diagnosed with split foot‐split hand anomaly prenatally, in whom at birth the diagnosis of Van Allen‐Myhre syndrome was made, and who at 8 months of age was recognized to have Goltz syndrome. Based on the evolution of clinical features in this infant, we suggest that our case, as well as that reported by Van Allen and Myhre, is an example of unusually severe Goltz syndrome. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personal experiences of cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier couples prospectively identified in CF families
Authors: Henneman Lidewij , Kooij Loes , Bouman Katelijne , Kate Leo P. ten 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis qualitative study explores the experiences of cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier couples, prospectively identified in CF families, and the impact of the resulting genetic risk on reproductive behavior. Of the 12 couples identified until 1997, seven couples participated in semistructured interviews and two couples filled in a questionnaire, two to eight years after receipt of the test‐results. After receiving the results, most couples reported that they were shocked, because they did not expect to both be carriers. More anxiety was expressed by those who were pregnant (n = 4) at the time of testing. There were reported difficulties in disclosing the results to family members, and the reactions of family members were not always supportive. After testing, some couples had problems with reproductive decision‐making. All viable pregnancies (17 in 8 couples) were monitored by prenatal diagnosis; all affected pregnancies were terminated (6 in 4 couples). Couples who have live‐born children after testing may subsequently have concerns during infancy about the correctness of the results of prenatal diagnosis and how to inform their children. Most couples did not regret the testing and, in general, the counseling was experienced positively, although some dissatisfaction was reported with regard to the psychological support received during pregnancy. Couples supported the idea of carrier screening in the general population, although various concerns were expressed. The results indicate a preference for testing before pregnancy. These findings may be useful in investigating possible dilemmas caused by the introduction of population carrier screening. Observations reported here might also apply to other recessively inherited disorders. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of Notch3 as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder using brain hyperintensities as an endophenotype
Authors: Ahearn Eileen P. , Speer Marcy C. , Chen Y.T. , Steffens David C. , Cassidy Frederick , Van Meter Susan , Provenzale James M. , Weisler Richard H. , Rama Krishnan K. Ranga 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to consider MRI hyperintensities as a potential endophenotype for bipolar disorder (BPD) and to investigate Notch3 (CADASIL) as a candidate gene for BPD. MRI scans were performed on 21 members of a family with a high incidence of BPD. Two‐point and multipoint linkage analyses were performed and two exons of Notch3 were investigated with SSCP. Fifteen of 21 family members had MRI hyperintensities, including all bipolar patients and six family members with no affective illness. Two‐point linkage analysis yielded negative results for all models. Multipoint linkage analysis yielded negative results except for Model 1a, in which a maximal LOD score was −1.24. A mutation screen of Exons 3 and 4 was negative. Notch3 does not appear to be a candidate gene for BPD in this family. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genitopatellar syndrome: Delineating the anomalies of female genitalia
Authors: Lammer Edward J. , Abrams Liane 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report the second female with genitopatellar syndrome, a recently identified arthrogryposis syndrome. The salient features include severe mental retardation and microcephaly with absence of the corpus callosum, absent/hypoplastic patellae, genital anomalies, and hydronephrosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infantile hypotonia as a presentation of rett syndrome
Authors: Heilstedt Heidi A. , Shahbazian Mona D. , Lee Brendan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is classically defined by meeting certain clinical diagnostic criteria. It affects mostly females, and one possible pathogenic mechanism was considered to involve mitochondrial function. This was based on the finding of ultrastructural alterations in the mitochondria and decreased respiratory chain enzyme activity. However, the principal etiology of RTT has since been found to be mutations in the MECP2 gene, which is located on the X chromosome. Molecular analysis has allowed the phenotype of MECP2 mutations to be broadened beyond RTT to include girls who have mild mental retardation, autism, and an Angelman syndrome phenotype, as well as males with severe encephalopathy. We present a girl with a previously described mutation in the MECP2 gene whose phenotype is of atypical RTT. She presented with hypotonia and developmental delay in infancy without a clear period of normal development. As part of her evaluation for hypotonia, a muscle biopsy and respiratory chain enzyme analysis showed a slight decrease in respiratory chain enzyme activity consistent with previous reports. This report supports broadening the phenotype of patients who should be considered for MECP2 mutation analysis to include cases of developmental delay and hypotonia without evidence of an initial period of normal development. Furthermore, it supports the hypothesis of an underlying secondary defect in energy metabolism contributing to the pathogenesis of RTT. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excretion and measurement of estradiol and progesterone metabolites in the feces and urine of female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)
Authors: Moorman E.A. , Mendoza S.P. , Shideler S.E. , Lasley B.L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe first objective of the present study was to determine the metabolic form and rate of excretion of ovarian hormone metabolites in the urine and feces of female squirrel monkeys injected with radiolabeled progesterone (Po) and estradiol. The major portion of the urinary metabolites of both hormones was excreted within 16–24 hr post‐injection. Estrogen and Po isotopes in feces exhibited an excretion peak at 16 hr post‐injection. The majority of recovered radiolabel of both hormones was excreted in feces. Chromatographic separation of fecal extractions indicated that the major estrogen metabolites in feces are in the free as opposed to the conjugated form. The radioactivity and immunoreactivity for estrone and estradiol (E1 and E2, respectively) in eluates of fecal samples subjected to celite co‐chromatography indicated that both free E1 and E2 exist as excretion products in the feces of female squirrel monkeys. The major radioactive peaks for Po metabolites showed peaks in the elution profile at or very near the Po standard, and corresponded with the celite co‐chromatography elution profile of Po standard when subjected to enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The second objective was to validate the application of EIA systems to measure fecal metabolites. Reproductive events of one female squirrel monkey across one annual reproductive cycle are described using the endocrine profile generated from fecal steroid assays. Examination of this profile confirmed that longitudinal fecal sampling and steroid hormone metabolite measurement in feces was not only feasible and practical, but accurately detected known reproductive events as well. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Arboreal bipedalism in Bwindi chimpanzees
Authors: Stanford Craig B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEvidence of the form and function of bipedal behavior in nonhuman primates provides critical evidence to test theories about the origins of hominid bipedalism. Bipedalism has long been considered an evolutionarily interesting but rare behavior in wild chimpanzees. During May 2001, chimpanzees of the Ruhija community in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, engaged in an exceptional frequency of arboreal bipedalism when feeding in large Ficus trees. Seventy‐eight bipedal bouts of at least 5 sec duration were recorded for the entire community (0.49 bouts/hr), with a mean duration of 13.7 sec (±1.6 sec). The animals employed many variations on the bipedal postural theme, ranging from erect standing on the largest substrates while grasping overhead limbs for support, to standing on one leg while suspending the other leg in space, to extended‐lean standing, in which bipedal standing transitioned into horizontal arm‐leg suspension as the animal reached for more distant fruits. Bipedalism was used as part of a behavioral repertoire that integrated brachiation, four‐limbed suspension, and forelimb‐supported standing for effective small‐fruit foraging. These observations suggest that under certain ecological conditions, arboreal bipedalism can be an important posture for wild chimpanzees, and may have been an important behavioral precursor to full terrestrial bipedalism. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:87–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Succinate in dystrophic white matter: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy finding characteristic for complex II deficiency
Authors: Brockmann Knut , Bjornstad Alf , Dechent Peter , Korenke Christoph G. , Smeitink Jan , Trijbels J. M. Frans , Athanassopoulos Sabine , Villagran Rafael , Skjeldal Ola H. , Wilichowski Ekkehard , Frahm Jens , Hanefeld Folker 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase is a rare cause of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Three patients, 2 sisters and 1 boy from an unrelated family, presented with symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging signs of leukoencephalopathy. Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated a prominent singlet at 2.40ppm in cerebral and cerebellar white matter not present in gray matter or basal ganglia. The signal was also elevated in cerebrospinal fluid and could be identified as originating from the two equivalent methylene groups of succinate. Subsequently, an isolated deficiency of complex II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) was demonstrated in 2 patients in muscle and fibroblasts. One of the sisters died at the age of 18 months. Postmortem examination showed the neuropathological characteristics of Leigh syndrome. Her younger sister, now 12 months old, is also severely affected; the boy, now 6 years old, follows a milder, fluctuating clinical course. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides a characteristic pattern in succinate dehydrogenase deficiency.