bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIII-2 Pediococcus Acidilactici Demonstrates Probiotic Properties and Inhibits the Growth of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli
Authors: Brown Rebecca , Zheng Rui , Jacobi Sheila K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are recognized to possess probiotic properties including modulating host physiology. Probiotics are used as direct-fed microbials in the swine industry to optimize pig performance and production efficiency. In the nursery, probiotics have been shown to mitigate post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Studies show beneficial effects of supplementing probiotics and the data were inconsistent. Microbial genome sequencing could help better define the mechanisms of probiotic mode of action and dose required to improve probiotic efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if Pediococcus acidilactici PECh3A (PA) that has been genome sequenced for determining gut physiology mechanisms expresses probiotic properties in-vitro. The growth curve of PA was conducted to determine colony forming units (CFU)/mL concentrations in 2-hour intervals until plateau at 15 hours. Based on the results of the growth curve dose response analysis were performed for acid and bile tolerance and antimicrobial activity against ETEC (3030-2: K88ac LT and STb). Doses investigated were 1010, 109, and 108 CFU/mL. For the acid and bile tolerance experiment PA was grown to concentration 1010 CFU/mL and was centrifuged and inoculated in De Mab, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth (MRS Broth) at pH 2, 4, or 6.5 (control) or MRS ± 0.3% oxgall (wt/vol), respectively, and incubated for 4 h. Following the 4 h incubation samples were serially diluted, plated, and incubated at 37°C for 24 h to determine percent survival. Antimicrobial inhibition of ETEC was assessed by the agar zone of inhibition (ZOI) methods. PA was grown to previously defined CFU/mL concentrations and 100 µL of the culture and filtered supernatant were plated into wells on nutrient agar plates spread with 107 ETEC CFU/mL. ZOI were measured in mm. Data were analyzed according to a factorial design using PROC MIXED procedures in SAS. Survival in acidic media relative to control media was observed in all doses (108,109, and 1010) at pH 4 and minimally at pH 2 (81.8, 90.6, and 89.5% or 33.8, 28.0, and 0% ±7.7, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). PA survival in 0.3% oxgall increased with increasing dose (74.3, 83.3, and 91.7% ±0.67; P &lt; 0.01). PA culture exhibited antimicrobial activity against ETEC at all doses tested, and the PA filtered supernatant exhibited antimicrobial activity from 109 CFU/mL (4.260 mm ± 0.9437, P &lt; 0.01). Taken together the findings indicate that PA PECh3A exhibits functional probiotic properties to potentially improve swine intestinal physiology. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments will access Pediococcus acidilactici PECh3A function and interaction within the host environment.
PSV-8 Maternal Live Yeast Supplementation Improved Gut Health in Suckling and Weaned Piglets
Authors: Fu Yuechi , Li Enkai , Casey Theresa M , Johnson Timothy A , Adeola Olayiwola , Ajuwon Kolapo M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of maternal nutritional intervention in modulating the gastrointestinal development and health of offspring. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast supplementation to sows during late gestation and lactation periods on the gut health of piglets pre-weaning and immediately post-weaning. Based on parity and expected farrowing dates, on d 77 of gestation, 40 sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments: without (CON) or with (LY) live yeast supplementation at 0.05% of diet during gestation and 0.1% during lactation. On postnatal days (PND) 0, 10, 18, and post-weaning days (PWD) 7 and 14, one piglet from 10 sows per treatment was selected for intestinal tissue collection (n = 10). Results showed that maternal LY supplementation increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 on PND 18 and IL-1β on PWD 14 in the ileal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05), with a tendency for greater IL-10 on PND 18 (P = 0.08). Additionally, LY piglets had increased mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 on PND 10, 18, and PWD 14 (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to have a greater mRNA abundance of catalase on PND 14 in the ileal mucosa (P = 0.09). Compared with CON piglets, LY piglets had an increased protein abundance of E-cadherin on PND 0, PWD 7, and 14 in the jejunal mucosa (P &lt; 0.05). The LY piglets also had a greater protein abundance of occludin and claudin-4 in the jejunal mucosa on PWD 14 (P &lt; 0.05). However, no differences were found for jejunal histomorphological measurements between treatments (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, maternal LY supplementation may have a long-term protective effect on gut health of offspring by regulating the expression of tight junction proteins, inflammatory response, and antioxidant capacity.
PSV-6 The Impacts of Heat Stress on Litter Traits of Landrace Population in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Kai-Hsiang , Lin En-Chung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Global warming becomes a serious issue in the swine industries of most countries. Sow reproduction suffers the brunt of heat stress problems in tropical and subtropical zones, such as in Taiwan. Litter traits, total number born (TNB) and number born alive (NBA), are essential for sow stability and farm economics. However, these traits are influenced by management, facilities, and environmental conditions. Adjustments to management practices and facilities must be considered environmental conditions, including temperature and relative humidity, particularly in Taiwan under oceanic climates. Such specific climate with high temperature and relative humidity caused heat stress for sows around Taiwan over six months in a year. Therefore, the impact of heat stress at different stages of pregnancy in sows had been analyzed using the best linear unbiased prediction model with heterogeneous residuals. A total of 11,074 records for TNB and NBA from 3,080 Landrace sows were collected from two farms between 2008 and 2021. Simultaneously, weather data were obtained from those weather stations closest to the farms. Sows from mating to farrowing, about four months, had been classified into cool (C) or hot (H) climate condition in each month based on temperature-humidity index equals 70. Hence, there were eight combinations (CCCC, CCCH, CCHH, CHHH, HHHH, HHHC, HHCC, HCCC) of the climate effect in this study. The results of climate effect showed that there was not significant difference among the groups of CCCC, CCCH, CCHH, and CHHH in TNB and NBA, while no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) was found among the groups of HHHH, HHHC, HHCC, and HCCC in both traits. However, the climate effects of CCCH, CCHH, and CHHH were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those of HHHC, HHCC, and HCCC in TNB. The climate effects of CCCH and CCHH were greater than those of HHHH, HHHC, HHCC, and HCCC in NBA (P &lt; 0.05). These fluctuations generally indicated when sows experience heat stress on mating and early stage of pregnancy (HHHH, HHHC, HHCC, HCCC), could decrease litter sizes. In the heterogeneous residual variances, the groups of CCCC, CCCH, CCHH, and CHHH were less than the groups of HHHH, HHHC, and HHCC in TNB, significantly, while the groups of CCCC, CCCH, and CHHH were less than the groups of HHHH, HHHC, and HHCC in NBA (P &lt; 0.05). The greatest estimated residual variances were shown in HHCC in both TNB and NBA. These changing of trends indicated high heterogeneous residual variance was discovered when heat stress happened during mating and early pregnancy of sows (HHHH, HHHC, HHCC). In conclusion, heat stress at mating and early stage of sow pregnancy decreased the average and increased the residual variances of TNB and NBA.
PSV-10 Effects of Rumen-Bypass Protein Supplement on Growth Performance, Hepatic Mitochondrial Function and Immune Gene Expression of Beef Steers with Divergent Residual Feed Intake Phenotype
Authors: Idowu Modoluwamu , Taiwo Godstime A , Sidney Taylor S , Treon Emily , Ologunagba Deborah , Leal Yara , Eichie Francisca , Morenikeji Lanre , Pech-Cervantes Andres A , Ogunade Ibukun M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We examined the effects of rumen-bypass protein supplement on growth performance, hepatic mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) activities, and mRNA expression of innate and adaptive immune genes of beef steers with divergent residual feed intake (RFI) phenotype. Thirty-nine crossbred beef steers (average BW = 492 ± 36 kg) were used in a generalized randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments for a 42-d experimental period. The factors evaluated were 1) RFI classification [low-RFI (-2.12kg/d) vs. high-RFI (2.02kg/d)], and 2) feed additive: rumen-bypass protein supplement (RCP; 227 g· steer-1· day-1) vs. Control diet (CON; 0 g/d), resulting in four treatments: Low-RFI-CON (n = 10), low-RFI-RCP (n = 9), high-RFI-CON (n = 10), and high-RFI-RCP (n = 10). The rumen-bypass protein supplement (84% CP) is a blend of hydrolyzed feather meal, porcine blood meal, and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue. The beef steers were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to treatments and housed in four pens equipped with two GrowSafe feed bunks each to measure individual DMI. Body weight was measured every 7 days. Liver tissue was sampled on d 42 from all animals using a liver biopsy needle for mRNA expression analysis of 84 immune genes and analysis of mitochondrial ETC activities of complexes I – V. No effects of supplemental feed additive or RFI × feed additive interactions were observed (P &gt; 0.05) for ADG and DMI. Compared with high-RFI, low-RFI beef steers tended to have less DMI (13.6 vs 12.9 kg/d; P = 0.09) but ADG was similar for the two RFI groups. Feed additive × RFI interactions were observed (P ≤ 0.05) for mitochondrial activities of Complexes IV, V, and mRNA expressions of some immune genes. Supplemental RCP increased Complex IV (39.2 nmol/min/mg) activity and reduced that of Complex V (94.1 nmol· min-1· mg-1) in high-RFI beef steers whereas the activity of Complex IV (13.1 nmol· min-1· mg-1) was reduced and that of Complex V (120 nmol· min-1· mg-1) was increased in low-RFI beef steers. Supplemental RCP increased (P &lt; 0.05) the mRNA expression of TLR2 [fold change (FC) = 1.17 vs 0.98], TLR3 (FC = 1.49 vs 0.97), NFKB1 (FC = 1.02 vs 0.90), and IL23A (FC = 1.35 vs 1.07) in high-RFI beef steers but the expression of these genes were not altered in low-RFI beef steers. In conclusion, RCP supplementation did not affect the growth performance and the observed effects on hepatic immune gene expression and activities of mitochondrial ETC complexes are dependent on the RFI phenotype of the beef steers. Further research should explore the mechanism responsible for the interactions between RCP supplementation and RFI status.
PSV-14 Body Weight Development of Calves During the First Week of Life
Authors: Vorndran Anton M , Huber Stefan M , Bernhardt Heinz , Peschel Markus , Riepl Florian , Steinhoff-Wagner Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Under practical conditions calves often do not gain body weight (BW) during their first week of life. However, early life development of calves has an important role in later life performance as dairy cow (Britney et al., 1984; Soberon and van Amburgh, 2013). Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine influencing factors on body weight gain of calves during this period when fed their dams colostrum and milk. Five Calves (4 Brown Swiss, 1 Friesean x Brown Swiss) were individually housed in calf hutches. All hutches were placed on continuously weight recording scales (recording interval 10 seconds). Calves were housed immediately after birth until day 7 of their life. During the first week, calves were fed colostrum and milk from their dam twice a day ad libitum until drinking was terminated for at least one minute. Not-consumed milk was weighed and milk consumption was calculated. Urine was collected and weighed twice daily. When fed colostrum and milk of their dams during the first week of life, BW (birthweight 42.2 to 52.6 kg) increased rapidly (daily BW gain 1.52 to 2.29 kg per day) up to the end of the observation period. Calves with greater birthweight reached heavier BW at d 7 (52.9 to 68.2 kg). All calves showed increased milk consumption when offered their dams milk (2 to 11.14% of BW per serving, mean = 7.7to 8.8% of BWt per serving). Due to the continuous weight monitoring, BW development could be visualized as a sawblade like line. With every feeding event the BW peaked, followed by a phase of continuous BW loss. Interestingly absence of BW gain occurred during the first 48h when calves did not yet understand how to drink from the nipple bucket where colostrum or milk was offered. BW gain and milk consumption were increased for all calves. Together, learning how to drink early in life and human support of this process can positively influence early life development. Britney et al. (1984) In: Preventive veterinary medicine 3 (1), S. 45–52. DOI: 10.1016/0167-5877(84)90023-0.Soberon, F.; van Amburgh, M. E. (2013) In: Journal of Animal Science 91 (2), S. 706–712. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5834.
PSV-2 Difference in Sire Pta Evaluated By Taiwan Dhi and the Original Countries
Authors: Lan Yu-Xiang , Lin Yu-Shen , Lin Kai-Hsiang , Su Chan-Liang , Tu Po-An , Lin En-Chung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Taiwan is located in a region with a tropical/subtropical oceanic climate characterized by high temperatures and humidity, which significantly affects the milk production, health, and reproduction of dairy cows. Most dairy herds in Taiwan have utilized semen of superior foreign sires from countries in temperate climate, mainly from USA and Canada. However, the performance of daughters in Taiwan of those foreign sires may differ from those in temperate countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of foreign sire semen in Taiwan's dairy herds, and to compare the PTAs of those sires in both Taiwan and their original countries. Data and pedigree from the Dairy Herd Improvement program (DHI) were collected between 2009 and 2021. In total, 108,348 lactation records from 54,269 cows and 76,024 animals in the pedigree were obtained from 120 herds. Traits to evaluate include milk yield (MY), milk fat percentage (MF%), milk fat yield (MFY), milk protein percentage (MP%), and milk protein yield (MPY) standardized to 305d-2X yield. The herd-year-season and lactation were considered as fixed effects in the model with additive genetic effect and permanent environmental effect as random effects. In addition, an extra fixed effect, physical situation of lactation (PSL), was included to account for abnormal physiology or subclinical mastitis in those dairy cows. The ASReml program was used to estimate the variance and covariance components as well as heritability and correlation with multiple-trait animal models. Not only the accuracy of predicted transmitting ability (PTATW) ≥ 75% of those superior foreign sires using DHI data and their PTAs obtained from the original countries (PTAInt) were compared, but also the rank correlation between PTATW and PTAInt was also calculated. The results indicated that only when the accuracy of PTATW increased to 90%, a moderate correlation was observed. Moreover, PTATW and PTAInt of all the sires with an accuracy of PTATW ≥ 75% were tracked to the lactation performance of their daughters in Taiwan using regression analysis. The results showed that selecting sires with an increase of 1 kg in PTATW and in PTAInt would increase the average production of their daughters in Taiwan's dairy herds by 1.620 kg and 0.213 kg in milk yield, 1.328 kg and 1.201 kg in fat yield, and 1.493 kg and 0.550 kg in protein yield, respectively. Therefore, selecting offspring through PTATW of sires is much more efficient, and increasing the number of daughters for each sire and their DHI records would improve the accuracy of PTATW prediction and ranking, making it an important indicator for selecting progeny in Taiwan dairy herds.
PSV-4 Effects of Asprosin on Nuclear Sirtuins Expression in Bovine Granulosa Cells
Authors: Batalha Isadora Maria , Peña-Bello Camilo Andres P , Schütz Luis Fernando F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Asprosin is an adipokine that regulates steroid production in granulosa cells (GC). Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases associated with GC function. In the nucleus, sirtuins are epigenetic regulators of gene expression. Although the literature shows that sirtuins and asprosin affect GC steroidogenesis and proliferation, studies are required to investigate whether their actions are linked. The aims of this study are to determine the influence of asprosin on mRNA expression of nuclear sirtuins and their association with steroidogenic regulators in bovine GC. GC were isolated from small antral follicles (1 to 5mm) of bovine ovaries, cultured in vitro, and treated with or without asprosin (200 ng/mL) in combination with FSH (30 ng/mL) or IGF1 (30 ng/mL). Cells were cultured for 24 h and submitted to RNA extraction (n = 5 pools). Relative mRNA abundance of SIRTs 1, 2, 6, 7, aromatase (CYP19A1), IGF1 receptor (IGF1r), and FSH receptor (FSHr) were determined via RT-qPCR using 18S as a housekeeping gene. Data were analyzed via factorial ANOVA with GLM procedures of SAS for Windows (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data sets that showed non-gaussian distribution (P &gt;0.05) after log-transformation were analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test using GraphPad Prism 9.2.0. Differences among treatments were considered significant at P &lt; 0.05, and a tendency at 0.05&lt; P &lt; 0.10. Pearson correlation was performed using PROC CORR procedures of SAS for Windows (version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). SIRT1 (P &lt; 0.05) mRNA abundance increased after Asprosin treatment in comparison with FSH alone and in combination with asprosin as well as to IGF1 alone. Also, SIRT1 under asprosin treatment showed a tendency (P &lt; 0.06) to be increased in comparison with negative control. Additionally, a very high correlation (r = 0.999; P &lt; 0.05) between CYP19A1 and SIRT1 was observed in the treatment with asprosin. SIRT2 had a tendency (P &lt; 0.08) to increase after treatment with asprosin in comparison with FSH alone. Moreover, SIRT2 has a very high (r = 0.995; P &lt; 0.005) correlation to CYP19A1 after treatment of FSH in combination with asprosin and a significant (r = 0.676; P &lt; 0.05) correlation with IGF1r. Asprosin treatment led to a very high (r = 0.997; P &lt; 0.05) correlation of SIRT6 with FSHr. Also, when asprosin was combined with FSH, a very high (r = 0.993, P &lt; 0.01) correlation between SIRT6 and CYP19A1 was observed. SIRT7 mRNA relative abundance decreased (P &lt; 0.05) after treatment with IGF1 in comparison to the negative control. No significant correlation was observed between SIRT7 and CYP19A1 or receptors. In summary, asprosin increases expression of SIRT1 and increases the correlation between SIRTs 1, 2, 6, and aromatase. These results indicate that the actions of asprosin on steroidogenesis involve sirtuins regulation.
PSV-5 The Effect of a Prenatal Immune Challenge on Offspring Skeletal Muscle Characteristics in the Longissimus Muscle of Weaned Pigs
Authors: Dobbins Thomas W , Legako Jerrad F , Fuerniss Luke K , Wesley Kaitlyn R , Johnson Bradley J , Mitchell Ty M , Petry Amy L , Broadway Paul R , Sanchez Nicole C Burdick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An insult to the health status of an animal is associated with decreased skeletal muscle growth. Furthermore, an immune challenge to a gestating dam may inhibit pre- and postnatal muscle growth of the offspring. The objective of this study was to determine if the administration of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to gestating sows would alter muscle characteristics of the longissimus muscle (LM) in weaned pigs exposed to LPS. Pregnant Camborough sows were randomly assigned to receive LPS (LPS; n = 7) at a dose of 2.5 μg/kg BW or saline (CON; n= 7) on 78 ± 1.8 d of gestation. At weaning (21 ± 1.3 d of age), barrows (CON n = 17; LPS n = 17) from each sow received a secondary LPS challenge. Following the postnatal challenge, barrows were euthanized (31 ± 1.3 d of age), and both LM were collected. The left LM was weighed, measured for length, and measured for circumference at the cranial, middle, and caudal portion of the muscle. Two samples from the right LM were preserved for histological analyses. Morphometric, fiber type count, primary myofiber clustering, and satellite cell counts were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with a main effect of prenatal treatment and covariate of body weight. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.248) between any morphometric measures. The average diameter for myosin heavy chain (MHC) type I and IIB/X fibers was increased (P &lt; 0.048) 8.6 and 5.9% respectively in LPS offspring compared with CON offspring. Average cross-sectional area (CSA) was increased 10.6% (P = 0.030) in MHC IIB/X fibers and tended to be increased 14.9% (P = 0.080) in MHC 1 fibers of LPS offspring. Number of myofibers within the LM was increased 16.1% (P = 0.032) in CON compared with LPS offspring. Diameter, CSA, and total CSA of oxidative myofibers (MHC type I and IIA) clusters was increased (P &lt; 0.001) 13.8, 27.6, and 22.3% respectively in LPS compared with CON offspring. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.186) between treatment groups for total nuclei or nuclei positive for MYF5, PAX7, or MYF5 and PAX7 nuclei. Based on the timing of the maternal challenge, it can be theorized that LPS hinders hyperplasia during secondary myogenesis following an immune challenge to the dam, with a rescue response of increased hypertrophy of MHC I and IIB/X myofibers post-weaning and glycolytic myofiber profile. However, due to the reduction in total myofibers, the impact of LPS on parameters such as average daily gain, feed efficiency, and lean skeletal muscle accretion should be studied further.