bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND MAULI BANANA (Musa acuminata) STEM EXTRACT GEL MIXTURE AGAINST Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Wardani Sukma Ayu , Puspitasari Dewi , Erlita Isyana 
Published: November 2023

Background: The use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament has several weaknesses that can cause side effects, including chronic inflammation in the periapical tissue and resistance to several bacteria, one of which is Enterococcus faecalis. The bacteria are the most resistant microorganism to calcium hydroxide due to a high pH tolerance capability. This weakness is the reason for finding alternative materials that can combine with calcium hydroxide. Mauli banana stem has bioactive compounds such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, combined with calcium hydroxide may exhibit good characteristics as an intracanal medicament. Purpose: To analyze the antibacterial activity of the calcium hydroxide and mauli banana (Musa acuminata) stem extract gel mixture against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: The research is a pure experimental study with a post-test only with control group design that uses 4 treatment groups, including calcium hydroxide and mauli banana stem extract gel mixture at a concentration of 25%; 37,5%; 50%; and control with each of 9 replications. The parameter measured was the diameter of the inhibition zone that formed on Mueller Hinton Agar. Result: One Way Anova and Bonferroni Post Hoc tests showed significant differences between each treatment group. Conclusion: The mixture of calcium hydroxide and mauli banana stem extract gel had antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. The mixture of calcium hydroxide and mauli banana stem extract gel at 50% concentration obtained the highest inhibition zone. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Calcium hydroxide, Enterococcus faecalis, Musa acuminata
Biomechanics and Injury Prevention for Barefoot/Minimalist Running
Authors: Connors Greg , Mathew Justin , Freeland Erik 
Published: November 2023

» Biomechanical studies indicate that barefoot/minimalist running coincides with a transition to an anterior foot strike, lower vertical loading rates, higher cadences, less energy absorption at the knee joint, and higher energy absorption at the ankle joint.» The clinical outcome studies indicate improvement of previous injuries and equivocal injury rates in the barefoot/minimal-style running groups.» Foot strike pattern is more important than footwear regarding injury prevention and vertical loading rate.» Minimalist footwear places higher degrees of stress on the ankle joints and an increased injury rate when abruptly transitioning to barefoot running. Runners must weigh the risks and benefits and take caution to properly strengthen their feet and safely transition to minimalist running.
Quantification of the time-varying epidemic growth rate and of the delays between symptom onset and presenting to healthcare for the mpox epidemic in the UK in 2022
Authors: Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Hinch Robert , Ward Thomas , Charlett Andre , Watkins Nicholas , Fraser Christophe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The mpox epidemic in the UK began in May 2022. Unexpectedly and rapidly, rates of new cases declined during August 2022. Interpreting trends in infection requires disentangling the underlying growth rate of cases from the delay from symptom onset to presenting to health care. Quantifying both separately is required to correctly identify the cause of the rapid decline in case counts, and yet both together contribute to observed reported case counts and delays. In addition, they may be causally linked since reducing delays from symptom onset to presenting to healthcare may be a mechanism that slow epidemic spread, as undiagnosed individuals may be more likely to transmit the pathogen. In this paper, we apply a novel Gaussian statistical model to mpox data from the UK to quantify the changes in the onset-to-presentation delay and the underlying the epidemic growth rate of mpox over the period May-August 2022 in the UK.
Methods
We developed a nowcasting Bayesian method which incorporates time-varying delays (EpiLine), simulating the growth rate of symptomatic cases and the parameters of delay distributions following Gaussian processes. We applied our model to the mpox data from the UK, sampling the posterior distribution of all parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, to quantify the delay between mpox symptom onset to healthcare presentation and the growth rate over the study period.
Results
Our results suggest that the mean delay between symptom onset and healthcare presentation for mpox in the UK decreased 22 days in early May 2022 to 10 days by early June and 8 days in August 2022. When we account for these dynamic delays, the time-varying growth rate declined gradually and continuously in the UK during the May-August 2022 period. Not accounting for varying time delays would have incorrectly characterised the growth rate by a sharp increase followed by a rapid decline in mpox cases.
Conclusions
We show that the delay in accessing healthcare was quickly reduced from 22 days to 8 days from symptom onset, which will have contributed to preventing onward transmission, and allowed prompt use of antivirals post infection. In addition, our results highlight the importance of correctly quantifying the delay between symptom onset to healthcare presentation when characterising the epidemic growth of mpox in the UK. The gradual reduction in the rate of epidemic spread, which pre-dated the roll-out of vaccination, is most easily explained by gradual risk reduction, as well as acquired immunity amongst the highest risk individuals. Our study highlights the importance and need for public health agencies to focus on reducing delays from symptom onset to healthcare presentation early in an outbreak.
Ac2-26 reduced cerebral pyroptosis to ameliorate the brain injury in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass via the AKT1/GSK3β pathway
Authors: Ju Ying-nan , Zou Zi-wei , JIA Bao-wei , LIU Zi-ying , SUN Xi-kun , QIU Lin , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in brain injury, which is primarily caused by inflammation. Ac2-26 protects against ischemic or hemorrhage brain injury. The present study was to explore the effect and mechanism of Ac2-26 on brain injury in CPB rats.
Methods: Rats were randomized into sham, CPB, Ac, Ac/AKT1, Ac/GSK3βi and Ac/AKT1/GSK3βa groups. Rats in sham group only received anesthesia and in the other groups received standard CPB surgery. Rats in the sham and CPB groups received saline, and rats in the Ac, Ac/AKT1, Ac/GSK3βi and Ac/AKT1/GSK3βa groups received Ac2-26 immediately after CPB. Rats in the Ac/AKT1, Ac/GSK3βi and Ac/AKT1/GSK3βa groups were injected with shRNA, inhibitor and agonist of GSK3β respectively. The neurological function score, brain edema and histological score were evaluated. The neuronal survival and hippocampal pyroptosis were assessed. The cytokines, activity of NF-κB, S100 calcium-binding protein β(S100β) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and oxidative were tested. The NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1 and cleaved-gadermin D (GSDMD) in the brain were also detected.
Results: Compared to the sham group, all indicators were aggravated in rats that underwent CPB. Compared to the CPB group, Ac2-26 significantly improved neurological scores and brain edema and ameliorated pathological injury. Ac2-26 reduced the local and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress response and promoted neuronal survival. Ac2-26 reduced hippocampal pyroptosis and decreased pyroptotic proteins in brain tissue. The protection of Ac2-26 was notably lessened by shRNA and inhibitor of GSK3β. The agonist of GSK3β recovered the protection of Ac2-26 in presence of shRNA.
Conclusions: Ac2-26 significantly improved neurological function, reduced brain injury via regulating inflammation, oxidative stress response and pyroptosis after CPB. The protective effect of Ac2-26 primarily depended on AKT1/ GSK3β pathway.
Resource constraints lead to biased attention but decrease unethical behavior
Authors: Børsting Caroline K. , Elbaek Christian T. , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Hochman Guy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Subjective experiences of economic resource scarcity, shaped by social comparison, can make individuals risk-seeking and short-term oriented, capture attention, and trigger feelings of unfairness. However, the impact of scarcity on information acquisition and ethical decision-making remains poorly understood. This eye-tracking study explored how acute financial scarcity affects selective information search and ethical decision-making in an economic task with competing incentives (N = 60; 12,000 observations). Contrary to predictions, participants experiencing scarcity were less likely to cheat for economic gains, indicating that scarcity does not necessarily reduce ethical behavior. Although articipants displayed a strong attentional bias towards high-paying choices, they did not act unethically. These findings might reveal a "moral boundary" dictating when attentional biases translate into decision-making. Our results contribute to understanding how individuals in scarcity contexts process and prioritize information in ethical decision-making, helping organizations and policymakers combat stereotypes surrounding resource-deprived individuals, and design evidence-based policy interventions promoting ethical behavior in financially scarce situations.
Assessment of sugarcane bagasse through thermo-kinetic study as sustainable energy resources
Authors: Parmar Pankaj , Mukherjee Subhrajit , Meikap B. C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The improper and careless disposal of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) has drawn much attention. To use biomasses, looking at their potential as a bioenergy source is critical. Using biomass and biochar to generate bioenergy in this situation requires understanding the thermal conversion processes of these two materials. With the use of kinetic isoconversional methods and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), which incorporates thermodynamic parameters for non-isothermal studies using Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Kissinger- Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Friedman, Understanding the thermal behavior of SCB biomass residue and his biochar was the goal of this work. Thermal studies were carried out at 10, 20, 30, and 40°C min− 1 rates of heating in an inert and oxidizing atmosphere. The most significant loss rate for devolatilization occurred at 200°C, while the maximum mass loss rates for cellulose and lignin occurred at 350°C and 510°C, respectively.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics data from thousands of HeLa control samples
Authors: Webel Henry , Perez-Riverol Yasset , Nielson Annelaura Bach , Rasmussen Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here we provide a curated, large scale, label free mass spectrometry-based proteomics data set derived from HeLa cell lines for general purpose machine learning and analysis. Data access and filtering is a tedious task, which takes up considerable amounts of time for researchers. Therefore we provide machine based metadata for easy selection and overview along the 7,444 raw files and MaxQuant search output. For convenience, we provide three filtered and aggregated development datasets on the protein groups, peptides and precursors level. Next to providing easy to access training data, we provide a SDRF file annotating each raw file with instrument settings allowing automated reprocessing. We encourage others to enlarge this data set by instrument runs of further HeLa samples from different machine types by providing our workflows and analysis scripts.
Cashew Leave Ethanolic Extract on the Histology of Select Organs of Wistar Rats: a Clinical Study of the Effects on the Liver, Kidney and Small Intestine
Authors: Ogochukwu Anaziah Grace , Ogie Erameh Theophilus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cashew leaves are leaves of the cashew tree. They are oval with fine pronounced veins and midribs. Each leaf is 10 to 20cm long, by 7 to 12cm in width. Cashew leaves are botanically classified as Anacardium Occidentale. Cashew leaves are best eaten when they are young and are a purplish green at the tips and a brighter green on the bottom. When young, the leaves have a texture like hard spinach. They have a tangy and astringent taste. Cashew leave is consumed in Nigeria and other parts of the world as a refreshing drink and used for culinary purposes. Cashew leaves are used medicinally in several cultures. In Africa, it is used to treat diabetes and malaria. In Java, it is used as a paste to treat skin conditions.
Methods
Twenty (20) male wistar rats of average weight of 172.6g ± 4.8 (Means ± S.E.M) were assigned to a control group (A) and test group (B, C and D, E). They were administrated with varying ethanolic concentrations (200 to 800mg/kg) of the extract for 28days daily. On day 29, all rats were sacrificed by cranial-spinal dislocation. The kidney, liver and small intestine were excised, grossed, and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for 48hrs prior to histological processing. Sections were obtained at 3–5 microns and stained with hematoxylin and Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff solution for light microscopy.
Results
The acute toxicity of Anacardium Occidentale dose (L.D50) tolerable by the rat is 4,525mg/kg body weight. No changes were observed grossly and histologically. However, the empirical measurement showed significant reduction in weight in low dose treated animals (group B and C) and negligible weight loss in high dose (Group D and E) treated animals. The histopathology of the Kidney, Liver and Small intestine after the administration of Anacardium Occidentale leaves extract, showed no toxic effects exerted on the wistar rat.
Conclusion
This study suggests that since there is no toxic effect exerted on the Kidney, Liver and Small intestine, Anacardium Occidentale leave remains suitable for consumption (as a pleasure drink, for culinary purposes, in delicacies or for therapeutic use).
Multi-decadal trend analysis and forest disturbance assessment of European tree species: concerning signs of a subtle shift
Authors: Bonannella Carmelo , Parente Leandro , de Bruin Sytze , Herold Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to the distribution and composition of forest tree species worldwide. European forest tree species' range is expected to shift to cope with the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, pests and diseases caused by climate change. Despite numerous regional studies, a continental scale assessment of current changes in species distributions in Europe is missing due to the difficult task of modeling a species realized distribution and to quantify the influence of forest disturbances on each species. In this study we conducted a trend analysis on the realized distribution of 6 main European forest tree species (Abies alba Mill., Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies L. H. Karst., Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold, Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L.) to capture and map the prevalent trends in probability of occurrence for the period 2000–2020. We also analyzed the impact of forest disturbances on each species' range and identified the dominant disturbance drivers. Our results revealed an overall trend of stability in species' distributions (85% of the pixels are considered stable by 2020 for all species) but we also identified some hot spots characterized by negative trends in probability of occurrence, mostly at the edges of each species' latitudinal range. Additionally, we identified a steady increase in disturbance events in each species' range by disturbance (affected range doubled by 2020, from 3.5% to 7% on average) and highlighted species-specific responses to forest disturbance drivers such as wind and fire. Overall, our study provides insights into distribution trends and disturbance patterns for the main European forest tree species. The identification of range shifts and the intensifying impacts of disturbances call for proactive conservation efforts and long-term planning to ensure the resilience and sustainability of European forests.
A Pilot Case-Control Study of Obesity as a State of Metaflammation: Association with Toll-Like Receptor 2 (Arg753Gln) Gene Polymorphism
Authors: Fouad Shaimaa H. , Eldeeb Mai , Baioumy Shereen A. , Taha Sara I. , Ibrahim Rehab A. , Elgendy Aya , Hussain Marwa H.M. , Omran Azza A. , Roman Sylvia W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a worldwide health issue linked to chronic metabolic low-grade inflammation (metaflammation) causing multiple obesity-related comorbid conditions. Several mediators were related to this metaflammatory process.
Objectives: To assess the serum levels of leptin, wingless integration site family member 5A (Wnt5a), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as markers of obesity-associated metaflammation and investigate their association with toll-like receptors2 (TLR2) gene (Arg753Gln) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among Egyptian females.
Methods: This pilot case-control study included 60 females with obesity and 30 matched controls. Serum levels of leptin, Wnt5a, and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA, while TLR2 (Arg753Gln) genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP. The laboratory and anthropometric data of both groups were compared and correlated.
Results: Serum leptin, Wnt5a, and TNF-α showed significantly higher levels in females with obesity and a significant increase with higher classes of obesity. They showed positive correlations with each other and with body weight, body mass index, fat mass index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and waist and hip circumferences. Only TNF-α and Wnt5a were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among the obesity group, with Wnt5a being the only independent risk factor for MetS. According to TLR2 (Arg753Gln) SNP, the homozygous GG genotype was associated with elevated levels of TNF-α, leptin, and Wnt5a compared to the heterozygous GA genotype, and it was associated with MetS among the obesity group. The frequencies of the heterozygous GA genotype and the A allele were higher among the obesity group without MetS than those with MetS.
Conclusion: Serum leptin, Wnt5a, and TNF-α are significantly higher in women with obesity and the A allele of TLR2 (Arg753Gln) SNP is considered protective against MetS among them.
Experiment to detect the electric charge of quantum vacuum fermions
Authors: Guglinski Wladimir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2013 EPJ D published a paper [1] in which is proposed an experiment that, if it confirms the prediction exposed in the paper, ultimately means a confirmation of the existence of fermions that make up the quantum vacuum. Here is shown a calculation of the value of the electric charge of these fermions. The value achieved for the charge e0 is 5.06532×10− 45 C. From this value of e0, together with the fundamental constants KO, c, ħ, α = 1/137, and the Bohr’s radius, the electric charge of the proton is calculated, achieving the value e = 1.6026×10− 19 C, which is very close to the experimental e = 1.60218×10− 19 C. The calculations from which those results were obtained are exposed here, and in the Conclusion at the end of the paper is shown that the result of such calculations cannot be mere coincidence. From different possibilities to modify the vacuum, if from an experiment be obtained a value close to 5×10− 45 C, the existence of such fermions will be definitively confirmed.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Chlorella species
Authors: Pachouri Vikrant , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita , Chandramauli Awadhesh , Thakur Amit Kumar , Gupta Lovi Raj 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the United Nation, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) goal 6 and goal 14 seeks to ensure the sustainable management of water present over the earth for all. Water quality analysis becomes a huge requirement of today’s scenario due to the impurities present in water which harms the livelihood of society. Some of the hazardous impurities like heavy metals destruct the surroundings. In this study, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater with an efficient technique i.e. Bioremediation is represented with the analysis and evaluation of results recorded in the laboratory testing. Two samples were taken from two different sites which are being analyzed with the implementation methodology represented in the present article. Two algae Chlorella Minutissima & Chlorella Singularis were evaluated based on their impurity removal efficiency as well as analysis of the biological treatment method over other chemical methods have been examined. The results were analyzed and represented in the form of a table as well and the variation in the value of WQP is shown in the form of graphs. The observation shows that the variation in WQP after the integration of algae lies under the permissible limit. Alkalinity is estimated in the range of 20 – 40 mg/l, Hardness lies in the range of 0 – 60mg/l, and pH comes approximately in a range of 6.5 – 8. Based on the evaluation, the framework is generated for the efficient technique used for heavy metal removal.
Exploring the Environmental Impact of Energy Consumption, Globalization, and Research &amp; Development in Europe: Insights from the STIRPAT-EKC Framework
Authors: Popescu Gheorghe H. , Nica Elvira , Kliestik Tomas , Zvarikova Katarina , Mihai Eleodor-Alin , Gura Kriselda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationships between GDP, population, fossil fuel, renewable energy consumption, globalization, research and development (R&D) expenditure, and ecological footprint in 25 European nations from 1990 to 2021. To investigate the environmental impact, the research bridging two famous framework, Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Strategic Impacts on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) models. Due to cross sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity the research applied cross-sectional autoregressive distributive model (CS-ARDL). The research applied two types of robustness checks- applying different dependent variable, CO2 instead of ecological footprint. Also, applied different estimator, Augmented Mean Group (AMG), Mean Group (MG), and common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators. The findings suggest the existence of an inverted U-shaped EKC relationship between income and ecological footprint, indicating that an increase in income initially leads to a rise in ecological footprint but eventually declines beyond a certain threshold due to environmental awareness and policy measures. Furthermore, green energy consumption and R&D expenditure have significant negative relationships with an ecological footprint, implying that promoting renewable energy sources and investing in R&D can help mitigate environmental degradation. The impact of globalization on ecological footprint is inconclusive, as different measures of globalization yield mixed results across the three approaches. This study contributes to the existing literature by utilizing multiple econometric approaches to examine the STIRPAT-EKC relationships, incorporating various determinants of ecological footprint in the European context. The findings provide policymakers with insights into designing effective environmental policies and strategies that balance economic growth, energy consumption, and ecological sustainability.