bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerability of doxycycline monohydrate salt vs. chloroquine–proguanil in malaria chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Pagès Frédéric , Boutin Jean‐Paul , Meynard Jean‐Baptiste , Keundjian Annick , Ryfer Serge , Giurato Luciano , Baudon Dominique 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the chloroquine–proguanil association (C/P) as antimalarial chemoprophylaxis is becoming increasingly common in Africa. Daily oral doxycycline hyclate 100 mg is effective as malaria prophylaxis. But the hyclate salt's adverse effects combined with the capsule's galenic form are incompatible with good chemoprophylaxis compliance. We conducted a randomized group study of 522 French soldiers deployed in Gabon and Chad for 4 months to determine the tolerability of short‐term malaria chemoprophylaxis with a 100‐mg daily tablet of a monohydrate doxycycline salt compared with a daily C/P capsule. At days 7 and 120, compliance was better in the doxycycline group [respectively 98.5%vs. 73.9% (P < 0.001) and 90.5%vs. 74% (P < 0.001)]. No major event (evacuation, hospitalization) was related to the medications. Epigastralgia, diarrhoea, urticaria, mouth ulcers, sun sensitization and desquamation were significantly more frequent in the C/P group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference for malaria incidence, vertigo, nausea and hair loss. These results suggest that doxycycline monohydrate may be safely used in short‐term malaria chemoprophylaxis. With the same efficacy as a hyclate doxycycline, doxycycline monohydrate could be a good chemoprophylaxis for short‐term travellers at particular risk of C/P resistant P. falciparum malaria.
Longitudinal studies in South Indian villages on Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes and seroconversion in goats
Authors: Rajendran R. , Thenmozhi V. , Tewari S. C. , Balasubramanian A. , Ayanar K. , Manavalan R. , Gajanana A. , Kabilan L. , Thakare J. P. , Satyanarayana K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryJapanese encephalitis (JE) is endemic in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, where Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles was the major vector. We screened 45 100 adult female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (902 pools) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and isolated and confirmed JE virus (JEV) by using an insect bioassay system. We had 69 isolates of which 62 (90%) were identified as JEV. The average vector abundance per man hour for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was 324.5 per month for the period June 1998–May 2000. The average minimum infection rate (MIR) per month in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was 1.4 (range 0.0–5.6). Every year, a new batch of goats, 20 in the first year and 31 in the second year, born during the non‐JE transmission period (January–June), aged <6 months and negative for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies were procured and placed in the villages as sentinels. Fortnightly, blood specimens were collected from these goats and tested for JE antibodies by HI test. Seroconversions (SCs) were recorded in 14 goats (70%) in the first year and 23 goats (74%) in the second year. JE HI antibody titres in goats were low (1:10–1:80) and these levels declined to undetectable levels in about 4 weeks following SCs. The time sequence of events indicated that four of five peaks of MIR in mosquitoes were followed 1–3 months later by peaks in the proportion of seroconverted goats. We suggest the screening of goats and cattle as a more feasible tool to stratify areas according to JE infection risk to the human population through the regular health system rather than screening mosquitoes using monoclonal antibodies, which is possible only in specialized laboratories.
Feline atopy in three littermates
Authors: Moriello Karen A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis case report describes the history, clinical signs and diagnosis of a pruritic skin disease in three sibling cats living the same household. Clinical signs consistent with pruritus (i.e. hair pulling, hair loss, excessive grooming and face rubbing) were first noted when the cats were 6 months of age. The cats were treated for a possible ear mite and/or flea infestation; there was no response to treatment and clinical signs progressed. Although the presence of pruritus in a multiple cat household suggested an infectious or contagious aetiology, none could be identified. There was no improvement in clinical signs after a 60‐day flea control trial, three treatments of ivermectin, an 8‐week restricted diet or removal from the home for 10 days. A diagnosis of feline atopy was made on the basis of elimination of other causes of pruritus, consistent history and clinical signs, a positive intradermal skin test and response to therapy.
Antimicrobial activity of enrofloxacin againstStaphylococcus intermediusstrains isolated from canine pyodermas
Authors: Ganière Jean‐Pierre , Médaille Christine , Limet Agnès , Ruvoen Nathalie , André‐Fontaine Geneviève 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study examined and compared the minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of enrofloxacin against 393Staphylococcus intermediusstrains isolated in France from canine pyodermas during three different years, 1995 (174 isolates), 1997 (101 isolates) and 1999 (118 isolates). The MICs of enrofloxacin against these strains ranged from 0.063 to 64 mg L−1, with MIC50and MIC90equal to 0.125 and 0.25 mg L−1, respectively. Two resistant strains were found, but only among isolates collected in 1999. The data show that resistance to enrofloxacin amongS. intermediusstrains is still rare in dogs, but the selectionin vitroof variants in which the MICs were increased 4–16‐fold after 10 serial passages in subinhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin suggests that inappropriate use might favour the development of resistant strainsin vivo.
Positive ‘atopy patch tests’ reactions in IgE‐hyperresponsive beagle dogs are dependent upon elevated allergen‐specific IgE serum levels and are associated with IgE‐expressing dendritic cells
Authors: Olivry T. , Buckler K. E. , Dunston S. M. , Clarke K. B. , Mccall C. A. 
Published: March 2003

In human patients with atopic dermatitis, the development of inflammation after epicutaneous application of allergens is dependent upon the presence of IgE and Langerhans’ cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of allergen‐specific IgE in the generation of positive patch test reactions in experimentally sensitized IgE‐hyperresponsive beagle dogs. Patch tests were performed on seven dogs with Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and flea saliva (FS) allergens or saline control. Two of the dogs had elevated serum IgE against Df, one against FS, two against both and two were not hypersensitive to either allergen. Positive macroscopic reactions consisted of erythema, oedema and induration, and developed between 24 and 96 h after allergen application. Macroscopic and microscopic patch test reactions developed only when serum IgE was present against tested allergens. Serum IgE levels were positively correlated with dermal cell counts at 48 h (Spearman r = 0.59; P = 0.03) and 96 h (r = 0.68; P < 0.01) after challenge. In Df‐sensitized dogs, positive patch tests were associated with numerous IgE‐staining epidermal and dermal dendritic cell aggregates. Dendritic cells positive for IgE also expressed CD1c, identifying cells as Langerhans’ cells. These observations suggest that the development of positive patch test reactions are IgE‐dependent, and that macroscopic and microscopic patch test lesions resemble those seen in dogs with spontaneously‐arising atopic dermatitis. ‘Atopy Patch Tests’ therefore could provide a good model for investigating the pathogenesis and treatment of atopic skin lesions in the canine species. This study was supported, in part, by Heska Corporation.
Therapeutic response to pentoxifylline and its active metabolites in dogs with dermatomyositis
Authors: Rees C. A. , Boothe D. M. , Wilkie S. 
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine a therapeutic dose for Trental® (pentoxifylline) when used to treat dogs with dermatomyositis. Eleven dogs diagnosed with dermatomyositis based on history, physical examination and biopsy were treated with pentoxifylline (46.5 ± 8 mg kg−1 divided twice daily) with food. Biweekly for 3 months, urinalyses, complete blood counts, serum chemistries and therapeutic drug monitoring (peak collected at 3 h and trough before the next dose) were collected. Dermatological lesions were assessed during each visit and given a score (0 = nonexistent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe). Serum concentrations of pentoxifylline (pentoxy) and metabolites 1 (M1) and 5 (M5) were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Descriptive statistics were generated for the drug concentrations. Although all animals responded to therapy, the time to initial response (skin lesions changed to a lower score compared with the initial visit) varied between all of the dogs. The range was 4 to 10 weeks, with a median of 6 weeks of therapy. Laboratory tests did not differ between the first and last sampling times (month 3). Pentoxifylline and M1 and M5 concentrations (ng mL−1) for the 11 dogs varied between dog and across time for each dog. In general, concentrations for all three compounds were detectable only with peak (3 h) samples. Concentrations for M5 were highest for all dogs at each sampling time, and appeared to be the most consistent and characterized by the least variability. Concentrations were not detectable in one dog for pentoxy or M1 at any time, but were detectable for M5. Data for this dog were not included. Based on the response to therapy in this study, a dose 25 mg kg−1 of pentoxifylline administered every 12 h appears to be an effective beginning dose. Because of variability in disposition, including metabolite formation, monitoring of pentoxifylline may not offer a therapeutic advantage. Funding: Collie Club of America Foundation.
Canine epidermal nevus treated with cryotherapy
Authors: Shibata K. , Nagata M. , Akakuma O. , Nanko H. 
Published: March 2003

Epidermal nevus is a hamartomatous disorder characterized by hyperplasia of epidermal structures in a circumscribed area of the skin. This condition has been well recognized in humans, but rarely reported in dogs. Surgical excision is the most reliable treatment, and systemic retinoids has been reported to be effective in dogs. We describe a dog with epidermal nevus treated with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. A 5‐month‐old male Shetland sheepdog presented with symmetrical linear and verrucous papules and plaques with mild pruritus on the axillae, ventral trunk and perianal area. Skin lesions were noticed at 2 months of age, and the colour of lesions gradually changed from normal to brownish. The general condition of the dog was otherwise good. Complete blood counts and biochemical analysis showed no abnormalities, and skin biopsies revealed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and papillomatosis. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with epidermal nevus and treated with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy applied with a cotton applicator stick. Five days after the treatment, the lesions began slough with mild pigmentation developing at the sites. There was no recurrence of the lesions 3 months after treatment. It appears that liquid nitrogen cryotherapy could be considered a useful therapeutic option to control this disease in dogs.
Protein C and Protein S activities in Behçet's disease as risk factors of thrombosis
Authors: Lenk, MD Nurdan , Özet, MD Gülsüm , Alli, MD Nuran , Çoban, MD Özgül , Erbaşi, MD Servet 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundIn Behçet's disease (BD), there is a marked increase in vascular complications. Approximately 30% of patients with BD suffer from thrombosis of the arteries and veins, varices, aneurysms, and thrombophlebitis of superficial or deep veins. Protein C and Protein S are major inhibitors of coagulation, and it is well known that the deficiency of Protein C and Protein S causes thrombotic disorders.MethodsProtein C and Protein S activities were measured in 23 patients with BD and in a control group consisting of 23 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Patients who had received anticoagulant or oral contraceptive drugs, or who had liver disease or active thrombosis, were not included in the study.ResultsOf the 23 patients with BD (age, 13–55 years), the mean Protein S activities (94.2 ± 11.3%) were slightly lower than the means of the control group (109.1 ± 8.4%), but not statistically significant differences could be demonstrated (p > 0.05). Compared with the means of the control group (103.5 ± 6.9%), the Protein C activities were not lower in BD (106.3 ± 8.4%). No statistical difference was determined.ConclusionsProtein C and Protein S deficiencies are not a probable cause of thrombotic manifestations in BD. We do not recommend the measurement of these activities routinely in BD unless thrombosis is the major and primary manifestation of BD.
Wound healing in Behçet's syndrome
Authors: Mat, MD M. , Nazarbaghi, MD Marina , Tüzün, MD Yalçın , Hamuryudan, MD Vedat , Hizli, MD Nail , Yurdakul, MD Sebahattin , Özyazgan, MD Yilmaz , Yazıcı, MD Hasan 
Published: March 2003

Background Because there is an increased inflammatory response to trauma, particularly of the skin, in patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS), an alteration in wound healing in BS is expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing features of punch biopsy wounds in BS and acne vulgaris (AV) patients used as controls. Method Full‐thickness skin punch biopsies (4 mm) were taken from the hairless sites of the non‐dominant forearms in 20 BS and 20 AV patients. Each patient was examined on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10, and the biopsy wound area and induration were marked on sterile glass slides. Other inflammatory changes, such as suppuration and pain, were also recorded. No antiseptic solutions or ointment, except saline, were used. Results The wound area healed similarly in both groups (p > 0.05). Thirteen (65%) BS patients had erythematous haloes around the wound on the first day. The number of patients presenting inflammatory changes reached 18 (90%) on the second day in the BS group. The area of erythema around the wound in BS patients was significantly greater than that in AV patients (5; 25%). It gradually decreased day by day. Purulent changes were observed in four BS patients on day 1, and induration around the biopsy wound in six patients on day 2. Only one patient with AV had suppuration, which appeared on the second day, while no AV patient displayed induration. Conclusion Biopsy‐induced trauma may cause increased inflammation in BS, but wound healing is not altered.
Cryosurgery in oral lesions
Authors: Ishida MD Cleide Eiko , Ramos‐e‐Silva MD, PhD Marcia 
Published: March 2003

Background Cryosurgery is a therapeutical method successfully used for many cutaneous conditions. Its use is increasing for several conditions in the oral cavity. Methods Liquid nitrogen spray or cryoprobe have been used alone or associated with other surgical methods in various types of oral lesions, such as pyogenic granuloma, angioma, actinic cheilitis, keratoacantoma, fibroma, HPV lesions in HIV and non‐HIV patients, hypertrophic lichen planus, leukoplakia and erythroplakia, verrucous carcinoma, mucous cysts, and papillary hyperplasia of the palate, among others. Results Our experience and the literature have shown that cryosurgery is a very useful technique for treatment of oral lesions. The oral mucosa, because of its characteristics of humidity and smoothness, is an ideal site for this technique. It shows a very good esthetic result and it may be either the first choice or an alternative option to conventional surgery. Conclusions Cryosurgery is a very safe, easy to perform, and relatively inexpensive technique for treating various oral lesions in an out‐patient clinic.
Short‐ and long‐term histologic effects of topical tretinoin on photodamaged skin
Authors: Bhawan MD Jag 
Published: March 2003

Background A series of clinical trials lasting up to 4 years had demonstrated that topical tretinoin improves facial appearance by reducing the visible signs of photodamage. Objective This paper reviews the studies designed to explore the relationship between clinical improvement and histologic changes. Methods Histologic changes in biopsies taken at various time points from clinical trial participants were examined by pathologists blinded to treatment regimens. Results Histologic evaluations of photodamaged skin during the course of treatment with tretinoin have revealed an array of time‐dependent morphologic changes which can be classified as early, intermediate, and late. Initial changes in fine wrinkling and texture appear to correlate with epidermal mucin and compaction of the stratum corneum, but the latter is transient and ultimately returns to pre‐treatment levels. Alterations in dermal matrix components have been noted with prolonged treatment. Partial restoration of the dermal collagen by new synthesis may contribute to the sustained improvement in fine wrinkling noted even when the treatment frequency is reduced from daily to three times weekly. As treatment is continued beyond 24 months, the collagen organization continues to improve and elastosis continues to decrease. Increases in epidermal and dermal mucin and decreases in epidermal melanin are consistent throughout the treatment period. The reduction in the hyperpigmentation of photodamage is comparable with the histologic and clinical improvements seen when tretinoin is used to treat conditions such as melasma. No adverse effects on the histopathology of the skin are noted with long‐term exposure to tretinoin. Neither keratinocyte nor melanocyte atypia is detected. Conclusions Although there does not seem to be a direct correlation between histologic changes and clinical improvement, the major structural changes appear to be directed at restoring the skin to the pre‐sun‐damaged state.
Amyopathic dermatomyositis in Hong Kong – association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Fung Wai Kit Joseph , Chan Hin Lee Henry , Lam Wai Man Wynnie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground Amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM) is a rare variant of dermatomyositis (DM) in which there is no apparent muscle involvement at initial presentation, but clinical and laboratory evidence of myopathy may appear later. Like DM, it has a known association with malignancy.Objective To record the occurrence of ADM in Hong Kong during the period from January 1988 to June 1996, and to establish the types of carcinoma with which it is associated.Methods The records of all patients diagnosed with ADM in three major dermatology clinics in Hong Kong were retrospectively studied to confirm the diagnosis and to look for any associated malignancy at any stage of the disease.Results Between 1988 and 1996, six patients in Hong Kong (five men and one woman; mean age, 50 years) fulfilled the criteria of ADM. During a follow‐up period ranging from 20 to 90 months (average, 35.6 months), none developed any evidence of myositis. Associated malignancy was found in the five male patients. There were three cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), one case of non‐small cell carcinoma of the lung, and one case of metastatic carcinoma of the cervical lymph node of unknown primary. No carcinoma had developed in the female patient during a follow‐up period of 90 months.Conclusions There is a strong association between ADM and NPC in Hong Kong.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in a 6‐year‐old Japanese boy
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiro , Ueda Masato , Sakai Makiko , Fujikawa Yoshiaki , Tsuru Kenta , Amagai Masayuki , Ichihashi Masamitsu 
Published: March 2003

A 6‐year‐old Japanese boy started to develop blisters around the mouth and eyes in May 1996. With provisional diagnoses of herpes simplex or Kaposi's varicelliform eruption, he was treated with acyclovir and immune globulin. Blister formation increased, however, and he was referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Kobe University School of Medicine in August 1996.On physical examination, tense bullae and vesicles were observed on the trunk and limbs and also on the palms and soles (Fig. 1). Neither mucosal involvement nor cutaneous fragility was observed, and no nail deformity was seen. The blistering on both erythematous bases and normal skin showed a “string‐of‐pearls” arrangement. Abnormal laboratory results were as follows: white blood cell count, 12.4×103/mm3 (N = 4–8.5) (eosinophils, 25%); platelets, 514×103/mm3 (N = 130–300); total protein, 4.9 g/dL (N = 6.5–7.8); albumin, 2.4 g/dL (N = 4.1–5.0); glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), 56 IU/L (N = 7–34); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 573 IU/L (N = 227–416); alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 384 IU/L (N = 100–303); C‐reactive protein (CRP), 3.08 mg/dL (N = 0–0.3). The antinuclear antibody test gave negative results.Disseminated tense blisters with an annular pattern developing on erythematous plaques on the trunkimageHistologic examination of a skin biopsy specimen revealed a subepidermal blister containing neutrophils and eosinophils, and an infiltrate of lymphocytes with eosinophils and neutrophils in the superficial dermis. Direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin showed a linear band of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 at the dermo–epidermal junction. Indirect immunofluorescence on 1 mol/L sodium chloride‐split normal skin showed IgG deposits on the dermal side of the blister. Western immunoblot analysis of the reactivity of the patient's serum on epidermal and dermal extracts revealed that autoantibodies were bound to the 290‐kDa antigen in the dermal extract (Fig. 2). No reactivity was observed in the epidermal extract.Western immunoblot analysis on a dermal extract. Lanes 1 and 2, adult EBA serum sample; lane 3, patient's serum; lane 4, normal control serumimageThe boy was treated with prednisolone (1.3 mg/kg body weight per day) which inhibited new blistering. Since a reduction of the dose of prednisolone to 1.1 mg/kg body weight per day induced new blistering,dapsone (1.6 mg/kg body weight per day) and prednisolone (1.1 mg/kg body weight per day) were given in combination, leading to improvement. A further decrease in the dose of prednisolone to 0.9 mg/kg body weight per day resulted in new bulla formation, and the prednisolone was replaced by betamethasone. The disease activity then markedly subsided and the bullae healed with the formation of milia.