bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B034: Characterization of a dual steroid 3β-,17β-oxidoreductase in the gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta
Authors: Binion Briawna J. , Gaskins Rex , Ridlon Jason 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As of 2023 there are over 200,000 new cases and over 30,000 deaths caused by prostate cancer with African-American (AA) men having a higher incidence then other ethnicities according to the American Cancer Society. Although numerous therapeutic methods are used to treat prostate cancer such as hormone therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and chemical castration, prostate cancer often becomes metastatic resulting in death with the five year survival rate for AA men presenting with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) being ~ 32%. Androgen production is known to be the main driver of CRPC progression. Researchers are baffled as to why this progression is taking place after patients have received a combination of these therapeutic methods to stop androgen production and metabolism. Eggerthella lenta has a long history as an important bile acid and steroid metabolizing gut microbial species. We and others have previously published on the extensive oxidation and epimerization of bile acid hydoxyl groups. Previous work demonstrated that E. lenta may be involved in the conversion of 17-keto steroids to testosterone. By cloning, expressing, and purifying genes predicted to encode pyridine nucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases from E. lenta DSM 2243, we identified a recombinant enzyme with dual 3beta, 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. We performed kinetic analysis on both 5alpha-reduced bile acids ("allo"-bile acids) and 5alpha-reduced steroids. There is a paucity of work at present on gut bacteria that metabolize the 17beta-hydroxy group on steroids, so this observation demonstrates that a unique enzyme in the gut microbiome can alter host steroids. These findings are consistent with the possibility that gut or urinary tract bacteria may contribute to CRPC.
Citation Format: Briawna J. Binion, Rex Gaskins, Jason Ridlon. Characterization of a dual steroid 3β-,17β-oxidoreductase in the gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B034.
Abstract B061: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) polygenic risk score and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a multiethnic population
Authors: Sadeghi Homa , Bogumil David , Conti David V. , Haiman Christopher , Marchand Loïc Le , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer mortality globally, with 10%-12% of cases attributable to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Genetic variants included in NAFLD polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been associated with HCC risk. Since these associations have been studied primarily among European ancestry populations, in the current study we assessed the transportability of a NAFLD PRS associated with HCC risk in a racially/ethnically diverse population. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study including 275 incident HCC cases and 73,045 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, using a 21-variant PRS for NAFLD created based on prior GWAS and replication studies on MEC participants and other populations. Associations between PRS (per standard deviation) and HCC were estimated using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and global ancestry. A stratified analysis was conducted by body mass index (BMI) due to the direct relationship of obesity with NAFLD and HCC. Results: The PRS was associated with HCC risk in the combined sample (ORper SD= 1.84, 95% CI: 1.64-2.06). Signifcant associations were observed in Japanese Americans [ORper SD=2.26 (1.87-2.72)], Latinos [ORper SD=1.89 (1.52-2.35)], Native Hawaiians [ORper SD=1.84 (1.26-2.69)], and with the associations being weaker and non-significant in whites [ORper SD=1.33 (0.92-1.93)] and African Americans [ORper SD=1.25 (0.90-1.75)]. The PRS association was stronger among those with BMI &gt;= 25 kg/m2 for the combined sample (ORper SD :2.46, 95% CI:1.92-3.14), (P heterogeneity &lt;0.0001); and all racial/ethnic groups [Latino: 3.01(1.88-4.81), African American: 2.72 (95% CI: 1.18-6.27), Hawaiian: 2.25 (1.17-4.32), Japanese: 2.13 (1.36-3.36), and White:2.11(1.10-4.04)]. Conclusion: A NAFLD PRS is applicable for HCC risk prediction across racial/ethnic populations. BMI may modifiy this PRS-HCC risk association.
Citation Format: Homa Sadeghi, David Bogumil, David V. Conti, Christopher Haiman, Loïc Le Marchand, Veronica Wendy Setiawan. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) polygenic risk score and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a multiethnic population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B061.
Abstract B067: Markers of vitamin D3 activity in normal breast tissue and subsequent breast cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Ebersole Anastasia , German Rana , Cote Michele L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)), has been hypothesized to be associated with breast cancer initiation and progression through several different mechanisms. In addition to playing a key role calcium and phosphate homeostasis, it has been shown to be involved in various processes associated with carcinogenesis, including immune modulation, proliferation, and cellular differentiation. Population-based studies have consistently shown circulating levels of vitamin D3 are lower among African American populations compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Epidemiologic evidence is mixed as to whether circulating vitamin D3 levels are associated with risk of developing breast cancer, with a recent meta-analysis reporting null results. Fewer reports examine the association between tissue-based markers of vitamin D3 metabolism and breast cancer risk. Here, we seek to determine whether the target of vitamin D3, the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), and vitamin D3 synthesizing and degrading enzymes (CYP24A1, CYP27B1, respectively) are present in normal breast tissue, and if so, whether presence in the tissue is associated with risk of subsequent breast cancer. We utilized tissue specimens from the Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at Indiana University to determine the expression of VDR, CYP24a1 and CYP27b1 in tissue from healthy, cancer-free donors. We selected n=14 women who developed a subsequent breast cancer, age, self-reported race and ethnicity-matched to n=28 women who did not develop cancer. Healthy breast tissue from n=4 men were also included, although results are preliminary and will only be described. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for VDR (Cell Signaling), CYP24A1 (Invitrogen) and CYP27B1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Slides will be scored by a breast pathologist to determine the amount and intensity of the staining. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize donor characteristics and IHC markers, including results stratified by self-reported race. Correlations between IHC markers will also be assessed. Logistic regression models will be performed to determine if an association exists between VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1 and development of breast cancer. Understanding the protein expression of normal breast tissue in those who do and do not develop breast cancer may identify pathways amenable to prevention strategies.
Citation Format: Anastasia Ebersole, Rana German, Michele L. Cote. Markers of vitamin D3 activity in normal breast tissue and subsequent breast cancer: A pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B067.
Abstract B084: Neighborhood environment and occurrence of crown-like structures in breast tissues of a diverse cohort of women with and without breast cancer
Authors: Lawrence Wayne , Lenz Petra H. , Dorsey Tiffany , Ambs Stefan , Lord Brittany , Harris Alexandra R. , Franklin Jamirra G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neighborhood features have been shown to influence breast cancer risk and outcomes, but there is a lack of molecular data in this area. Our study seeks to investigate whether neighborhood deprivation factors such as employment, housing, poverty, residential stability, and residential segregation by race/ethnicity may influence the presence of inflammation in the breast, scored as crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B). We hypothesize that high deprivation leads to an increase in inflammatory processes that promote a pro-inflammatory immune microenvironment, including CLS-B presence and the activation of cancer-related pathways, especially for Black women who often experience more aggressive tumors and worse breast cancer outcomes. Our study included 104 normal samples from reduction mammoplasty (63 Black, 41 White) and 114 tumor adjacent normal tissues (73 Black, 41 White) from the NCI-MD Breast Cancer Study. All participants completed a detailed questionnaire to capture breast cancer risk factors of interest and demographic characteristics. Tract-level socioeconomic deprivation was measured using a neighborhood deprivation index (NDI). Tissue samples underwent immunohistochemical staining for the pan-macrophage marker, CD68, in order to detect CLS-B. Pathologists used an artificial intelligence-assisted approach to score CLS-B for whole slide images. Preliminary findings in a subset of 36 participants indicate a positive association between presence of CLS-B and increased NDI scores in a linear regression model adjusted for age (b=1.29, p=0.28). This preliminary work provides an initial link between neighborhood environment and inflammatory markers within breast tissue. On-going efforts are focused on expanding our sample size to further bolster these findings, supporting future mechanistic investigations.
Citation Format: Wayne Lawrence, Petra H. Lenz, Tiffany Dorsey, Stefan Ambs, Brittany Lord, Alexandra R. Harris, Jamirra G. Franklin. Neighborhood environment and occurrence of crown-like structures in breast tissues of a diverse cohort of women with and without breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B084.
Abstract B122: Association between allostatic load and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in African American men
Authors: Chevrin Jamirah Y. , Kittles Rick 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: To further understand cancer health disparities, researchers are utilizing the framework of social determinants of health with a significant factor including physiological factors such as stress. Emerging evidence suggests physiological dysregulation such as high allostatic load to have negative health effects including acting as a driver to cancer risk and development. Understanding the lifetime effects of allostatic load levels within the African American populations is imperative. However, the literature is sparse on allostatic load and prostate cancer in African American men despite high rates of allostatic load and prostate cancer in this population. The goal was to evaluate the association of high allostatic load and prostate cancer within African American men in Chicago. Methods: In 2003-2012, 1200 AA men, over 18 years of age were recruited through yearly community health events in Chicago, Illinois. Allostatic load was defined as the sum of 8 established baseline risk-associated biomarkers, cholesterol, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, that exceeded specified cut off points adapted from verified scales found in previous literature. Results: The presence of high allostatic load levels was significantly associated with elevated PSA levels in Black men. Participants with high allostatic load scores were 2 times more likely to have elevated PSA levels. [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.129 (95%CI 1.254, 3.614)] Conclusion In conclusion, these results suggest the biological toll of stress in Black men may contribute to higher PSA scores and prostate cancer risks. It is important to understand the complex interplay of the multi-factorial experiences that are unique to Blacks in the United States that may put Black men at higher risk for factors that drive prostate cancer. Further research should be conducted on understanding these socio-biological risk factors to develop effective intervention strategies.
Citation Format: Jamirah Y. Chevrin, Rick Kittles. Association between allostatic load and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in African American men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B122.
Abstract B131: Social drivers of adverse health outcomes among cancer survivors
Authors: Telles Victoria M. , Banegas Mateo , Strong David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the Study Disparities in health outcomes among cancer survivors are often driven by differences in social-ecological resources. Poor health outcomes and multiple chronic conditions often manifest as a result of shared demographic and social risk factors. The aim of this study was to examine the social drivers that predict adverse health outcomes among cancer survivors. Methods Data from the national longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study was used to examine social drivers of several adverse health outcomes: tobacco use, sleep trouble, high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure among cancer survivors enrolled in the first cohort (waves 1-3; n=1924). Social drivers included education, financial stress, poverty level, insurance status, and satisfaction with social relationships. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to assess demographic and social drivers that predicted health outcomes among cancer survivors. Results Among the 1,924 cancer survivors, most were non-Hispanic, White (77%); 56% female; ages ranged from 18-34 (14%), 35-54 (27%), 55-64 (24%), 65+ (34%). Higher tobacco use was linked (p’s&lt;0.05) to both demographic (males, younger) and social drivers (lower education, poverty, lack of insurance and social dissatisfaction). Trouble sleeping was associated with social drivers including financial stress (p&lt;.001) and social dissatisfaction (p&lt;.0001). High cholesterol was significantly associated with demographics (older age) and social drivers including lower education, access to insurance, and social dissatisfaction (p’s&lt;.05). High blood sugar was significantly associated with demographics (older age, NH Black) and social drivers (lower education and social dissatisfaction (p’s&lt;.05). High blood pressure was significantly associated with demographic (older age, male, NH Black) and social drivers including lower education college (p&lt;.05) and financial stress (p&lt;.05). Conclusions Increased recognition of the critical role of social drivers on health outcomes suggests effective interventions that are sensitive to cancer survivors’ social-ecological contexts are needed to improve health equity and reduce cancer health disparities.
Citation Format: Victoria M. Telles, Mateo Banegas, David Strong. Social drivers of adverse health outcomes among cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B131.
Abstract B132: Vitamin D and breast cancer health disparities: A rapid scoping review investigating the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer mortality in African American women stratified by molecular subtype
Authors: Vaughn Adrienne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Black women face disproportionate mortality rates from breast cancer because of being more likely to face aggressive breast cancer prognosis and metastasis. Past research findings showed that low vitamin d serum levels are a risk factor for certain types of breast cancer (TNBC, HR+ etc.). Vitamin D deficiency is particularly prevalent amongst black individuals and black women are more likely to experience metastasis and aggressive breast cancer prognosis. However, there is a lack of research on black women that investigates the relationship between vitamin d serum levels and mortality, stratified by prognosis category. Specific Aim and Hypothesis: This rapid scoping review is developed to describe the nature, number, and scope of published research articles measuring the association between vitamin D and mortality in black breast cancer patients based on the molecular subtype. a) Is there a gap in literature to determine if vitamin D has an impact on mortality in black women with breast cancer? If there is an impact, does it vary based on molecular subtype in black women? Methods: A rapid scoping review will be conducted. Studies that do not provide the following data on African American women with breast cancer will be excluded: breast cancer molecular subtype, mortality status, and vitamin d serum levels pre and post diagnosis. Articles will be reviewed if they were published after 2013 to maintain scientific relevance and must be in the English language. The databases used to conduct the search will be PubMed, Cochran, CINAHL, JBI, web of science, TRIP, and science direct. Studies will be analyzed together based on the type of study (ex. Case-control vs cohort) and when the vitamin D measurements were taken (ex. Pre-diagnosis vs post-diagnosis). Public Health Implication Identifying potential factors such as lack of vitamin D that contribute to high cancer morbidity and mortality in black women with breast cancer will allow different mechanisms for reducing this cancer disparity.
Citation Format: Adrienne Vaughn. Vitamin D and breast cancer health disparities: A rapid scoping review investigating the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer mortality in African American women stratified by molecular subtype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B132.
Abstract C002: Integrating multiomics data to identify African ancestry-informative markers acting as eQTLs in breast cancer
Authors: Boudeau Samantha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) are SNPs that are found at relatively higher frequencies in a specific population and can be used to estimate genetic ancestry. Genetic ancestry is becoming more commonly used in biomedical research investigating the genetic basis of diseases. For many cancers, the literature suggests that African ancestry is associated with poor response to treatment, poorer prognosis, and poorer survival. More specifically, African American women with breast cancer are more likely to have more aggressive subtypes of the disease and diagnosed with a later stage of the disease at an earlier age compared to their European American counterparts. Some of this disparity remains after accounting for socioeconomic factors, suggesting a genetic basis for the health disparities observed in many cancers. To evaluate the genetic basis of cancer health disparities in populations of African ancestry, we identified a set of 46,787 African ancestry informative markers (AIMs) using 1000 Genomes Project data from African and European populations. These AIMs were functionally annotated and investigated for potential associations with cancer in the literature, using tools such as VEP, SIFT, and Polyphen. Using multiomics data (RNAseq, genotype, methylation, copy number variation) from The Cancer Genome Atlas and an integrative eQTL modeling approach, we are investigating which of these AIMs act as expression quantitative trait loci in breast cancer. Of the 47K SNPs identified, 0.6% percent was found to be in the coding regions of the genome and AIMS located on chromosomes 8, 10, 11, 15, 18, and 19 were found to be associated with different cancers in the literature including breast and colorectal cancers. Approximately 5K of the AIMs were found in the TCGA breast cancer data and preliminary results identified cis-eqtls in 4 different genes including SERINC2 and ZSCAN23, and trans-eqtls in about 8 genes including CLCN3 and DEDD. These eQTL AIMs are being evaluated for potential association with ancestry-specific differential survival and response to treatment in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Samantha Boudeau. Integrating multiomics data to identify African ancestry-informative markers acting as eQTLs in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C002.