bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sad Mood Bridges Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Network Approach
Authors: Zhang Wen , Liu Tianyin , Leung Dara Kiu Yi , Chan Stephen , Wong Gloria , Lum Terry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Depression and cognitive impairment are common and often coexist in older adults. The network theory of mental disorders provides a novel approach to understanding the pathways between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains and the potential “bridge” that links and perpetuates both conditions. This study aimed to identify pathways and bridge symptoms between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains in older adults.

Research Design and Methods
Data were derived from 2,792 older adults aged 60 years and older with mild and more severe depressive symptoms from the community in Hong Kong. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-minute protocol (MoCA-5min). Summary descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by network estimation using graphical LASSO, community detection, centrality analysis using bridge expected influence (BEI), and network stability analyses to assess the structure of the PHQ-9 and MoCA-5min items network, the pathways, and the bridge symptoms.

Results
Participants (mean age = 77.3 years, SD = 8.5) scored 8.2 (SD = 3.4) on PHQ-9 and 20.3 (SD = 5.4) on MoCA-5min. Three independent communities were identified in PHQ-9 and MoCA-5min items, suggesting that depression is not a uniform entity (2 communities) and has differential connections with cognition. The network estimation results suggested that the 2 most prominent connections between depressive symptoms and cognitive domains were: (1) anhedonia with executive functions/language and (2) sad mood with memory. Among all depressive symptoms, sad mood had the highest BEI, bridging depressive symptoms and cognitive domains.

Discussion and Implications
Sad mood seems to be the pathway between depression and cognition in this sample of older Chinese. This finding highlights the importance of sad mood as a potential mechanism for the co-occurrence of depression and cognitive impairment, implying that intervention targeting sad mood might have rippling effects on cognitive health.
The Need to Appear Healthy: Concealment of Chronic Illness, Privacy, and Self-Sufficiency Among Chronically Ill Older Nigerians
Authors: Mahmoud Kafayat , Baker Tamara A , Esiaka Darlingtina , Balogun Saliu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Prior research has highlighted the beneficial impact of social networks and social support on older adults’ physical and psychosocial well-being. However, the impact of the relationship between chronic illness and social networks on the psychosocial well-being of older Nigerians remains understudied. This study explored how older Nigerians with chronic illnesses navigate the physical, mental, and emotional changes due to their chronic disease diagnosis within their social contexts.

Research Design and Methods
The current qualitative study used semistructured in-depth interviews with 19 purposively sampled older adults, aged 50 years and over, chronically ill, and receiving clinical care to examine the role of social networks in how chronically ill older Nigerians cope with their diagnosis.

Results
Three main themes reflecting participants’ experiences emerged from the findings: (1) closely knit circles, (2) privacy and self-sufficiency, and (3) body image. Results show that chronically ill older Nigerians prefer to keep the knowledge of their conditions strictly within their close family circles. It was considered horrific to inform friends, community members, and religious groups about one’s chronic illness. Findings further reveal that the need to appear healthy to one’s social network stems from the fear of being discriminated against and attempts to maintain some level of normalcy when interacting with others. Additionally, feelings of inferiority and shame limited their participation in social activities and social network maintenance.

Discussion and Implications
We discuss the implications of the results for the mental well-being and quality of life of chronically ill older Nigerians and make recommendations for policies and resources that can improve the well-being of chronically ill Nigerians.
Geophysical imaging of the active magmatic intrusion and geothermal reservoir formation beneath the Corbetti prospect, Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Dambly M L T , Samrock F , Grayver A , Eysteinsson H , Saar M O 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARY
Silicic volcanic complexes in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) system host long-lived shallow magma reservoirs that provide heat needed to drive geothermal systems. Some of these geothermal systems in Ethiopia appear to be suitable for green and sustainable electricity generation. One such prospect is located at the Corbetti volcanic complex near the city of Awassa. High-resolution imaging of the subsurface below Corbetti is of imminent importance, not only because of its geothermal potential, but also due to reported evidence for an ongoing magmatic intrusion. In this study, we present a new subsurface 3-D electrical conductivity model of Corbetti obtained through the inversion of 120 magnetotelluric stations. The model elucidates a magmatic system under Corbetti and reveals that it is linked to a magma ponding zone in the lower crust. Magma is transported through the crust and accumulates in a shallow reservoir in form of a magmatic mush at a depth of $\gtrapprox 4\, {\rm km b.s.l.}$ below the caldera. The imaged extent and depth of the shallow magma reservoir is in agreement with previous geodetic and gravimetric studies that proposed an ongoing magmatic intrusion. Interpreting our model with laboratory-based conductivity models for basaltic and rhyolitic melt compositions suggests that Corbetti is seemingly in a non-eruptible state with ∼6–16 vol. per cent basaltic melt in the lower crust and ∼20–35 vol. per cent rhyolitic melt in the upper crust. With these observations, Corbetti’s magmatic system shares common characteristics with volcanic complexes found in the central MER. Specifically, these volcanic complexes are transcrustal two-stage magmatic systems with magma storage in the lower and upper crust that supply heat for volcano-hosted high-temperature geothermal systems above them. According to the presented subsurface model, a cross-rift volcano-tectonic lineament exerts first-order controls on the magma emplacement and hydrothermal convection at Corbetti. Our study depicts hydrothermal convection pathways in unprecedented detail for this system and helps identify prospective regions for future geothermal exploration. 3-D imaging of both the Corbetti’s magmatic and associated geothermal systems provides key information for the quantitative evaluation of Corbetti’s geothermal energy potential and for the assessment of potential volcanic risks.
Sedimentary structures of the western part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and Siwalik Himalaya inferred from receiver function inversion
Authors: Das Amlanjyoti , Hazarika Devajit , Kundu Abhishek , Kumar Naresh , Yadav Dilip K 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYWe investigated sedimentary thickness and shear wave velocity structure in the western part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (Punjab and Haryana Plain) and adjoining Siwalik Himalaya with the help of receiver function inversion at 20 broad-band seismological stations. This region is one of the most seismically vulnerable zones of the world due to the presence of thick surface sediments in the foreland basin that can amplify seismic waves and cause huge damage due to the earthquakes of the Himalaya. The study reveals a progressive thickening of sediments from southwest to northeast. The basement depth varies from ∼1.5 to 1.7 km in the Central Alluvium Plain, ∼1.8 to 2.8 km in the Zone of Terminal Fans, and attains a maximum of ∼3.8 km near the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. The inverted models show the presence of soft alluvial with extremely low Vs (&lt; 0.5 km s−1) and high Vp/Vs (∼2.5–3.0) at the top ∼400–700 m of the surface at most of the stations. A comparatively higher velocity of surface sediments observed at northern stations suggests the presence of compact sediments at the surface. The layered sedimentary structure revealed by the S-wave velocity models supports the previous geophysical investigations using borehole data. The velocity–depth structure obtained in this study is important for evaluating the seismic hazard of the densely populated urban areas spread over this region.
NYUS.2: an automated machine learning prediction model for the large-scale real-time simulation of grapevine freezing tolerance in North America
Authors: Wang Hongrui , Moghe Gaurav D , Kovaleski Al P , Keller Markus , Martinson Timothy E , Wright A Harrison , Franklin Jeffrey L , Hébert-Haché Andréanne , Provost Caroline , Reinke Michael , Atucha Amaya , North Michael G , Russo Jennifer P , Helwi Pierre , Centinari Michela , Londo Jason P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accurate and real-time monitoring of grapevine freezing tolerance is crucial for the sustainability of the grape industry in cool climate viticultural regions. However, on-site data are limited due to the complexity of measurement. Current prediction models underperform under diverse climate conditions, which limits the large-scale deployment of these methods. We combined grapevine freezing tolerance data from multiple regions in North America and generated a predictive model based on hourly temperature-derived features and cultivar features using AutoGluon, an automated machine learning engine. Feature importance was quantified by AutoGluon and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) value. The final model was evaluated and compared with previous models for its performance under different climate conditions. The final model achieved an overall 1.36°C root-mean-square error during model testing and outperformed two previous models using three test cultivars at all testing regions. Two feature importance quantification methods identified five shared essential features. Detailed analysis of the features indicates that the model has adequately extracted some biological mechanisms during training. The final model, named NYUS.2, was deployed along with two previous models as an R shiny-based application in the 2022–23 dormancy season, enabling large-scale and real-time simulation of grapevine freezing tolerance in North America for the first time.
Optimal reinsurance-investment problem with default risk for an insurer under the constant elasticity of variance model
Authors: Yan Yiqi , Rong Ximin , Zhao Hui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accepted by: Giorgio Consigli
In this paper we study the optimal reinsurance-investment problem for an insurer with constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) utility. Because the insurer needs to avoid large claims and make profits in the actual operation process, he/she is allowed to buy proportional reinsurance and invest in a risk-free bond, a stock and a default bond. Moreover, the price process of the stock follows the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model and the correlation between the risk process and the stock’s price is considered. For the objective of expected utility maximization, we establish the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and derive the optimal reinsurance-investment strategy explicitly for the pre-default case and the post-default case via the dynamic programming. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analyses are provided to illustrate the effects of model parameters on the optimal strategy. We find that (i) the default risk has no impact on the optimal strategy of the stock and the parameters of the stock’s price have no impact on the optimal money amount invested in the defaultable bond. (ii) The optimal reinsurance strategy depends on the volatility of the stock’s price under the CEV model. (iii) The correlation between risk model and the stock’s price does have effects on the insurer’s optimal reinsurance-investment strategy. These findings may provide guidance to the management of insurers in practice.
Atypical Mpox in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility
Authors: Chika-Igwenyi Nneka M , Unigwe Uche S , Ajayi Nnennaya A , Onwe Ogah E , Ewa Richard L , Ojide Chiedozie K , Una Alfred F , Igwenyi Chikaodiri , Chukwu Kyrian S , Okorie Gabriel M , Nnadozie Ugochukwu U , Ifebunandu Ngozi A , Ugwu Collins N , Emeka Sampson , Ibemesi Desi , Nnaji Thomas O , Primus Nsikan O , Odianosen Ehiakhamen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
We describe diverse clinical characteristics and course of confirmed mpox cases managed in a Nigerian tertiary health facility.

Methods
Clinical and epidemiologic data were analyzed, highlighting the unusual presentations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed mpox cases observed during the 2022 outbreak.

Results
Out of 17 suspected cases, 13 (76.4%) were PCR confirmed for mpox. The mean ± SD age for the participants was 28.62 ± 10.29 years (range, 2–55), of which 9 (64.3%) were male. Of the 13 PCR-confirmed cases, 5 (38.5%) had varicella zoster virus coinfection, 2 (15.4%) had HIV coinfection, and 1 (7.7%) had diabetes mellitus comorbidity. All patients experienced rash, with 6 (46.2%) having significant genital lesions and 1 (7.7%) having a severe perianal lesion. A lack of prodromal symptoms was reported in 3 (23.1%), and a prolonged prodrome (&gt;1 week) occurred in 5 (38.5%). Skin lesions were polymorphic in 6 (46.2%), and solitary skin lesions occurred in 3 (23.1%), which persisted for &gt;120 days in 7.7%.

Conclusions
Clinical recognition, diagnosis, and prevention remain a concern in resource-limited settings. Our findings highlight the need to further evaluate unusual skin lesions and to include mpox screening for genital skin lesions that are presumed to be sexually transmitted infections. Revision of clinical case definition and enhanced surveillance are key to early recognition and prevention of spread.
Life table and cold tolerance of laboratory-reared Penthaleus major (Acari: Penthaleidae)
Authors: Wang Xian , Wang Zhen , Yang Bowei , Chen Hanqiu , Zhang Huanhuan , Li Guangyun , Li Yaying , Liu Huai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Penthaleus major (Dugés) is a significant agricultural pest that attacks various pasture, vegetable, and crop plants. Temperature plays a critical role in the life history of P. major. However, there is limited understanding of its life table at different temperatures and cold tolerance. This study aimed to elucidate the performance of P. major by constructing life tables at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 °C. The results showed that P. major successfully developed at 9‒21 °C. However, no adults emerged at 6°C, and no eggs hatched at 24 °C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were observed at 12 °C. The supercooling point (SCP) exhibited significant variations at different developmental stages. The highest SCP (‒9.75 °C) was recorded in 10-day-old female adults, while the lowest SCP (‒24.37 °C) was observed in larvae. For female adult mites of 2, 6, and 10 days old, the low lethal temperatures (LLT50) were ‒14.63, ‒12.03, and ‒11.08 °C, respectively. This study provided valuable insights for modeling and predicting the population dynamics of P. major in the field and offered implications for developing successful management strategies.
Preventive and therapeutic effects of low-dose whole-body irradiation on collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Lee Yeong Ro , Lee Young Ae , Song Chin-Hee , Han So Hyun , Cho Seong Jun , Nam Seon Young 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation, resulting in cartilage destruction and bone erosion. It was reported that low-dose radiation modulates immune disease. Here, we investigated whether low-dose whole-body irradiation has preventive and therapeutic effects in collagen-induced RA (CIA) mouse models. Fractionated low-dose irradiation (0.05 Gy/fraction, total doses of 0.1, 0.5 or 0.8 Gy) was administered either concurrently with CIA induction by Type II collagen immunization (preventive) or after CIA development (therapeutic). The severity of CIA was monitored using two clinical parameters, paw swelling and redness. We also measured total Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukine (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and we evaluated histological changes in the ankle joints by immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Low-dose irradiation reduced CIA clinical scores by up to 41% in the preventive model and by 28% in the therapeutic model, while irradiation in the preventive model reduced the typical CIA incidence rate from 82 to 56%. In addition, low-dose irradiation in the preventive model decreased total IgG by up to 23% and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α by 69 and 67%, and in the therapeutic model, decreased total IgG by up to 35% and decreased IL-1β and IL-6 by 59 and 42% with statistical significance (P &lt; 0.01, 0.05 and 0.001). Our findings demonstrate that low-dose radiation has preventive and therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects against CIA by controlling the immune response, suggesting that low-dose radiation may represent an alternative therapy for RA, a chronic degenerative immune disease.
The Nairobi Declaration 2023: A commitment to address deadly yet neglected fungal diseases in Africa
Authors: Osaigbovo Iriagbonse I , Govender Nelesh P , Jordan Alexander M , Bongomin Felix , Meya David B , Kanyua Alice , Mashedi Olga M , Koffi David , Loyse Angela , Sturny-Leclère Aude , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Denning David W , Chiller Tom , Cornely Oliver A , Oladele Rita O 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
On May 30th and 31st, 2023, delegates representing various African subregions, together with global representatives from the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Global Action for Fungal Infections (GAFFI), convened in Nairobi, Kenya under the aegis of the Pan African Mycology Working Group, a working group of ISHAM. The meeting objectives were, amongst others, to deliberate on a continental response to the World Health Organisation Fungal Priority Pathogen List and facilitate interaction between global and regional leaders. Country delegates and international speakers addressed Africa's fungal disease burden; capacity for diagnosis and management; ongoing surveillance; knowledge gaps and trends in invasive fungal diseases such as Candida auris, mucormycosis, aspergillosis, and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related mycoses; and current laboratory practice. During the technical sessions, expert panels deliberated on establishing and financing of national/regional surveillance networks for mycoses; establishing and sustaining African-led collaborations; expanding on existing laboratory and point-of-care diagnostic capacity as well as planning a mycology reference laboratory service and network in Africa. The meeting also highlighted successful African-led collaborations, capacity building, and clinical trial initiatives. The meeting conclusions informed the resolutions of the Nairobi Declaration calling for improved awareness; strong collaborations between clinical and laboratory teams across Africa; improved fungal disease surveillance within the continent; access to antifungals and diagnostics; and leveraging qualified human resources for mycology present within and outside Africa to facilitate trainings, collaborations, and exchanges.
A weak lensing perspective on non-linear structure formation with fuzzy dark matter
Authors: Kunkel Alexander , Chiueh Tzihong , Schäfer Björn Malte 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate non-linear structure formation in the context of the fuzzy dark matter (FDM) model and compare it to the cold dark matter (CDM) model from a weak lensing perspective. Employing Eulerian perturbation theory (PT) up to fourth order, we calculate the tree-level matter trispectra and the one-loop matter spectra and bispectra from consistently chosen initial conditions. Furthermore, we conduct N-body simulations with CDM and FDM initial conditions to predict the non-linear matter power spectra. Subsequently, we derive the respective lensing spectra, bispectra, and trispectra for CDM and FDM within the framework of a Euclid-like weak lensing survey. In our analysis, we compute attainable cumulative signal-to-noise ratios and estimate χ2-functionals, aimed at distinguishing FDM from CDM at particle masses of m = 10−21 eV, m = 10−22 eV, and m = 10−23 eV. Our results indicate that PT predictions are insufficient for distinguishing between the CDM and FDM models within the context of our simulated weak lensing survey for the considered particle masses. Assuming that N-body simulations overestimate late-time small-scale power in the FDM model, future weak lensing surveys may provide the means to discriminate between FDM and CDM up to a mass of m = 10−23 eV. However, for stronger constraints on the FDM mass, observations of the local high-z universe may be more suitable.
Calibration of metallicity of LAMOST M dwarf stars using FGK+M wide binaries
Authors: Qiu Dan , Li Jiadong , Zhang Bo , Liu Chao , Tian Haijun , Niu Zexi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Estimating precise metallicity of M dwarfs is a well-known difficult problem due to their complex spectra. In this work, we empirically calibrate the metallicity using wide binaries with a F, G, or K dwarf and a M dwarf companion. With 1308 FGK+M wide binaries well observed by LAMOST, we calibrated M dwarf’s [Fe/H] by using the Stellar LAbel Machine (SLAM) model, a data-driven method based on support vector regression. The [Fe/H] labels of the training data are from FGK companions in range of [−1,0.5] dex. The Teffs are based on APOGEE, spanning [3100, 4400] K. The uncertainties in SLAM estimates of [Fe/H] and Teff are ∼0.15 dex and ∼40 K, respectively, at snri &gt;100, where snri is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at i band of M dwarf spectra. We applied the trained SLAM model to determine the [Fe/H] and Teff for ∼630 000 M dwarfs with low-resolution spectra in LAMOST DR9. Compared to other literature also using FGK+M wide binaries for calibration, our [Fe/H] estimates show no bias but a scatter of ∼0.14–0.18 dex. However, the [Fe/H] compared to APOGEE shows a systematic difference of ∼0.10–0.15 dex with a scatter of ∼0.15–0.20 dex. While the Teff compared to APOGEE has a bias of 3 K with a scatter of 62 K, it is systematically higher by 180 K compared to other calibrations based on the bolometric temperature. Finally, we calculated the ζ index for 1308 M dwarf secondaries and presents a moderate correlation between ζ and [Fe/H].