bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of High‐Performance Self‐Powered Polarized Photodetection with Large Temperature Window in a 2D Polar Perovskite
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Chenhua , Xu Zhijin , Wu Huajie , Dong Xin , Chen Tianqi , Liang Jing , Chen Shuang , Luo Junhua , Li Lina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolarization photodetection taking advantage of the anisotropy of 2D materials shines brilliantly in optoelectronic fields owing to differentiating optical information. However, the previously reported polarization detections are mostly dependent on external power sources, which is not conducive to device integration and energy conservation. Herein, a 2D polar perovskite (CBA)2CsPb2Br7 (CCPB, CBA = 4‐chlorobenzyllamine) has been successfully synthesized, which shows anticipated bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) with an open‐circuited photovoltage up to ≈0.2 V. Devices based on CCPB monomorph fulfill a fascinating self‐powered polarized photodetection with a large polarization ratio of 2.7 at room temperature. Moreover, CCPB features a high phase‐transition temperature (≈475 K) which prompts such self‐powered polarized photodetection in a large temperature window of device operation, since BPVE generated by spontaneous polarization can only exist in the polar structure prior to the phase transition. Further computational investigation reveals the introduction of CBA+ with a large dipole moment contributes to quite large polarization (17.5 µC cm−2) and further super high phase transition temperature of CCPB. This study will promote the application of 2D perovskite materials for self‐powered polarized photodetection in high‐temperature conditions.
Realizing High Thermoelectric Properties in Bi2S3 Bulk via Band Engineering and Nanorods Compositing
Authors: Wang Zi‐Yuan , Guo Jun , Wang Yu , Zhang Yi‐Xing , Feng Jing , Ge Zhen‐Hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBismuth sulfide is a promising thermoelectric material because of its low cost and toxicity; however, its low electrical conductivity limits its thermoelectric properties. In this study, Bi2S3+x wt% HfCl4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) bulk samples are fabricated using a combination of melting and spark plasma sintering. The microstructures, electronic structures, and thermoelectric properties of the composites are characterized. The results of electronic structure calculations show that doping with HfCl4 produces an impurity energy level that narrows the bandgap and allows the Fermi energy level to enter the conduction band, leading to a favorable increase in carrier concentration. By regulating the HfCl4 doping concentration, the electrical conductivity of the 0.75 wt% doped sample reaches 253 Scm−1 at 423 K and its maximum ZT value is 0.47 at 673 K. Moreover, the sample is compounded with Bi2S3 nanorods prepared by the hydrothermal method, reducing thermal conductivity by 30% due to the introduction of additional interfaces and pores. This resulted in a final ZT value of 0.61 at 673 K, which is approximately eight times higher than that of pure Bi2S3. This step‐by‐step optimization approach provides a valuable methodology for enhancing the performance of other thermoelectric material systems.
Constructing Asymmetric Charge Polarized NiCo Prussian Blue Analogue for Promoted Electrocatalytic Methanol to Formate Conversion
Authors: Lin Yunxiang , Wang Yan‐ge , Li Xiaoyu , Zhao Jiahui , Liu Hengjie , Wu Chuanqiang , Yang Li , Li Guang , Qi Zeming , Shan Lei , Jiang Yong , Song Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe highly selective electrochemical conversion of methanol to formate is of great significance for various clean energy devices, but understanding the structure‐to‐property relationship remains unclear. Here, the asymmetric charge polarized NiCo prussian blue analogue (NiCo PBA‐100) is reported to exhibit remarkable catalytic performance with high current density (210 mA cm−2 @1.65 V vs RHE) and Faraday efficiency (over 90%). Meanwhile, the hybrid water splitting and Zinc–methanol‐battery assembled by NiCo PBA‐100 display the promoted performance with decent stability. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and operando Raman spectroscopy indicate that the asymmetric charge polarization in NiCo PBA leads to more unoccupied states of Ni and occupied states of Co, thereby facilitating the rapid transformation of the high‐active catalytic centers. Density functional theory calculations combining operando Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that the final reconstructed catalyst derived by NiCo PBA‐100 exhibits rearranged d band properties along with a lowered energy barrier of the rate‐determining step and favors the desired formate production.
Anion Additive Integrated Electric Double Layer and Solvation Shell for Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Xiya , Zhou Quan , Wei Shiqiang , Guo Xin , Chimtali Peter Joseph , Xu Wenjie , Chen Shuangming , Cao Yuyang , Zhang Pengjun , Zhu Kefu , Shou Hongwei , Wang Yixiu , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Changda , Song Li 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) show great potential in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, the inferior cycling life due to water‐induced parasitic reactions and uncontrollable dendrites growth impede their application. Electrolyte optimization via the use of additives is a promising strategy to enhance the stability of AZIBs. Nevertheless, the mechanism of optimal multifunctional additive strategy requires further exploration. Herein, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) is proposed as a dual‐functional additive in ZnSO4 electrolyte. Benefiting from the additive, both side reactions and zinc dendrites growth are significantly inhibited. Further, a synchrotron radiational spectroscopic study is employed to investigate SDB− adjusted electric double layer (EDL) near the Zn surface and the optimized solvation sheath of Zn2+. First‐principles calculations verify the firm adsorption of SDB−, and restriction of random diffusion of Zn2+ on the Zn surface. In particular, the SDBS additive endows Zn||Zn symmetric cells with a 1035 h ultra‐stable plating/stripping at 0.2 mA cm−2. This work not only provides a promising design strategy by dual‐functional electrolyte additives for high stable AZIBs, but also exhibits the prospect of synchrotron radiation spectroscopy analysis on surface EDL and Zn2+ solvation shell optimization.
Hydrogen Peroxide Tuned Morphology and Crystal Structure of Barium Vanadate‐Based Nanostructures for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Storage Properties
Authors: Shanthappa R. , Kakarla Ashok Kumar , Narsimulu D. , Bandi Hari , Syed Wasim Akram , Wang Tian , Yu Jae Su 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImproving the layered‐structure stability and suppressing vanadium (V) dissolution during repeated Zn2+ insertion/extraction processes are key to promoting the electrochemical stability of V‐based cathodes for aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (AZIBs). In this study, barium vanadate (Ba2V2O7, BVO) nanostructures (NSs) are synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The formation process of the BVO NSs is controlled by adjusting the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and these NSs are employed as potential cathode materials for AZIBs. As the H2O2 content increases, the corresponding electrochemical properties demonstrate a discernible parabolic trend, with an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decrease. Benefiting from the effect of H2O2 concentration, the optimized BVO electrode with 20 mL H2O2 delivers a specific capacity of 180.15 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 with good rate capability and a long‐term cyclability of 158.34 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1 over 2000 cycles. Thus, this study provides a method for designing cathode materials with robust structures to boost the electrochemical performance of AZIBs.
Budgeting reflective (of) appreciative inquiry ethics and principles: BRAVE
Authors: Henning Denise , Gonzalez Price Irlanda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany systems and institutions of post‐secondary education narrowly focus on simply trying to balance budgets rather than strategic priorities that lead to transformative change. In doing so, the emphasis remains on preserving current business practices in higher education, which often recycles dysfunctional and low‐performing programs and services rather than helping systems and institutions evolve into realizing the best outcomes. Effective Appreciative Inquiry practitioners engage people to share their memorable experiences, which lays the groundwork and creates a flow of dialogue that influences the processes for facilitating a strengths‐based approach to budgeting.
Stabilization Effect of Potato Starch on Characteristic Flavor Compounds in Onion Sauce
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Huang Juntong , Zhang Xueer , Zhang Jiaqi , He Guiping , Jia Dongying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe food industry is experiencing a substantial demand for transitioning to natural flavors. Nonetheless, the challenge lies in the inherent instability of most flavor molecules when removed from their original sources. Three representative flavor compounds, including dipropyl disulfide (DD), allyl mercaptan (AM), and dimethyl trisulfide (DT), are selected to form composites with potato starch (PS) to protect them from decomposition or transformation. Then, their physicochemical properties and microstructures are investigated using combined methods. PS can combine with these sulfides mainly through its amylose, and thioethers are more likely to interact with PS than mercaptan. All the composites have lower phase transition temperature and higher enthalpy values than PS, and PS‐AM exhibits the largest stability followed by PS‐DD and PS‐DT. The sulfides interact with PS by entering into the helical cavity of its amylose mainly through hydrophobic interaction and increase the long‐range ordered degree and short‐range ordered degree of the composites. DD, AM, and DT can form V‐type inclusion composites with PS, which reserves more DD and AM to delay flavor degradation and enhances the flavor stability of onion sauce. This study can provide valuable reference for the preservation of characteristic flavors of allium food products during thermal processing and storage.
‘Choroid bar’: easy‐to‐seek marker of normal posterior fossa at 12–14 weeks' gestation
Authors: Paladini D. , Biancotto G. , Della Sala F. , Acharya P. V. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesOur objectives were: (1) to assess the visualization rate of the choroid bar in a consecutive series of 306 first‐trimester scans; (2) to verify, in this cohort of fetuses, the normality of the posterior fossa later in pregnancy; and (3) to confirm the non‐visualization of the choroid bar in a retrospective series of fetuses with posterior fossa malformations.MethodsThis study included a prospective and a retrospective series. The former comprised 306 fetuses undergoing routine obstetric ultrasound at our unit in both the first and second trimesters over a 6‐month period, while the latter comprised 12 cases of posterior fossa malformations. In the prospective study, the presence of the choroid bar, which is defined as a visually continuous, homogeneously hyperechogenic, thick structure bridging the cisterna magna from side to side, was evaluated at the end of the first‐trimester nuchal translucency scan. In the retrospective study, previously acquired three‐dimensional volume datasets were processed in order to assess whether the choroid bar could be visualized in cases of open spinal dysraphisms and vermian cystic anomalies. In the prospective study, confirmation of a normal posterior fossa was based on the sonographic features of this anatomical region at the time of the second‐trimester anomaly scan at 19–21 weeks' gestation, while, in the retrospective study, it was based on autopsy results, when available, or further direct imaging of the defect later in pregnancy.ResultsIn the prospective study, the choroid bar could be visualized in all 306 fetuses, on transabdominal ultrasound in 287 (93.8%) cases and on transvaginal ultrasound in 19 (6.2%) cases. The choroid bar was displayed with a ventral/dorsal approach in 67 (21.9%) cases, with a lateral approach in 56 (18.3%) cases and with both in 183 (59.8%) cases. All 306 cases were confirmed to have a sonographically normal posterior fossa at 19–21 weeks. On the other hand, in the retrospective study, it was not possible to visualize the choroid bar in any of the fetuses with posterior fossa malformations.ConclusionsWe have described a new sign, the choroid bar, consistent with a normal posterior fossa at 12–14 weeks' gestation. The choroid bar provides the option of screening for major abnormalities of the posterior fossa, since its absence raises suspicion of both open spinal dysraphisms and posterior fossa cystic malformations. At the same time, it is easy to visualize, as it can be seen with all lines of insonation. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Testing of detection tools for AI-generated text
Authors: Weber-Wulff Debora , Anohina-Naumeca Alla , Bjelobaba Sonja , Foltýnek Tomáš , Guerrero-Dib Jean , Popoola Olumide , Šigut Petr , Waddington Lorna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent advances in generative pre-trained transformer large language models have emphasised the potential risks of unfair use of artificial intelligence (AI) generated content in an academic environment and intensified efforts in searching for solutions to detect such content. The paper examines the general functionality of detection tools for AI-generated text and evaluates them based on accuracy and error type analysis. Specifically, the study seeks to answer research questions about whether existing detection tools can reliably differentiate between human-written text and ChatGPT-generated text, and whether machine translation and content obfuscation techniques affect the detection of AI-generated text. The research covers 12 publicly available tools and two commercial systems (Turnitin and PlagiarismCheck) that are widely used in the academic setting. The researchers conclude that the available detection tools are neither accurate nor reliable and have a main bias towards classifying the output as human-written rather than detecting AI-generated text. Furthermore, content obfuscation techniques significantly worsen the performance of tools. The study makes several significant contributions. First, it summarises up-to-date similar scientific and non-scientific efforts in the field. Second, it presents the result of one of the most comprehensive tests conducted so far, based on a rigorous research methodology, an original document set, and a broad coverage of tools. Third, it discusses the implications and drawbacks of using detection tools for AI-generated text in academic settings.
Occupational inhalation exposure during surface disinfection—exposure assessment based on exposure models compared with measurement data
Authors: Anhäuser Lea , Piorr Benedikt , Arnone Mario , Wegscheider Wolfgang , Gerding Johannes 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
For healthcare workers, surface disinfections are daily routine tasks. An assessment of the inhalation exposure to hazardous substances, in this case the disinfectant´s active ingredients, is necessary to ensure workers safety. However, deciding which exposure model is best for exposure assessment remains difficult.

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of different exposure models for disinfection of small surfaces in healthcare settings.

Methods
Measurements of the air concentration of active ingredients in disinfectants (ethanol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid) together with other exposure parameters were recorded in a test chamber. The measurements were performed using personal and stationary air sampling. In addition, exposure modelling was performed using three deterministic models (unsteady 1-zone, ConsExpo and 2-component) and one modifying-factor model (Stoffenmanager®). Their estimates were compared with the measured values using various methods to assess model quality (like accuracy and level of conservatism).

Results
The deterministic models showed overestimation predominantly in the range of two- to fivefold relative to the measured data and high conservatism for all active ingredients of disinfectants with the exception of ethanol. With Stoffenmanager® an exposure distribution was estimated for ethanol, which was in good accordance with the measured data.

Impact statement
To date, workplace exposure assessments often involve expensive and time consuming air measurements. Reliable exposure models can be used to assess occupational inhalation exposure to hazardous substances, in this case surface disinfectants. This study describes the applicability of three deterministic and one modifying-factor model for disinfection of small surfaces in healthcare settings, in direct comparison to measurements performed and will facilitate future exposure assessments at these workplaces.
Trogocytosis of CAR molecule regulates CAR-T cell dysfunction and tumor antigen escape
Authors: Zhai You , Du Yicong , Li Guanzhang , Yu Mingchen , Hu Huimin , Pan Changqing , Wang Di , Shi Zhongfang , Yan Xu , Li Xuesong , Jiang Tao , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated clinical response in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Although instances of rapid tumor remissions have been observed in animal models and clinical trials, tumor relapses occur with multiple therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, while the mechanisms underlying the long-term therapeutic resistance are well-known, short-term adaptation remains less understood. However, more views shed light on short-term adaptation and hold that it provides an opportunity window for long-term resistance. In this study, we explore a previously unreported mechanism in which tumor cells employ trogocytosis to acquire CAR molecules from CAR-T cells, a reversal of previously documented processes. This mechanism results in the depletion of CAR molecules and subsequent CAR-T cell dysfunction, also leading to short-term antigen loss and antigen masking. Such type of intercellular communication is independent of CAR downstream signaling, CAR-T cell condition, target antigen, and tumor cell type. However, it is mainly dependent on antigen density and CAR sensitivity, and is associated with tumor cell cholesterol metabolism. Partial mitigation of this trogocytosis-induced CAR molecule transfer can be achieved by adaptively administering CAR-T cells with antigen density-individualized CAR sensitivities. Together, our study reveals a dynamic process of CAR molecule transfer and refining the framework of clinical CAR-T therapy for solid tumors.
Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wellford Sebastian A. , Moseman E. Ashley 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNumerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized the importance of the olfactory mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in the nasal passages, the olfactory mucosa is directly exposed to the environment to sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it can serve as a direct route of entry from the outside world into the brain. As a result, olfactotropic infections can have serious consequences, including dysfunction of the olfactory system, CNS invasion, dissemination to the lower respiratory tract, and transmission between individuals. Recent research has shown that a distinctive immune response is needed to protect this neuronal and mucosal tissue. A better understanding of innate, adaptive, and structural immune barriers in the olfactory mucosa is needed to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines against olfactotropic microbes such as SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize the ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory mucosa, review the subsequent immune response, and discuss important areas of future research for olfactory immunity to infectious disease.
ppGpp accumulation reduces the expression of the global nitrogen homeostasis-modulating NtcA regulon by affecting 2-oxoglutarate levels
Authors: Hidese Ryota , Ohbayashi Ryudo , Kato Yuichi , Matsuda Mami , Tanaka Kan , Imamura Sousuke , Ashida Hiroki , Kondo Akihiko , Hasunuma Tomohisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 accumulates alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) under stress conditions, such as darkness. A previous study observed that artificial ppGpp accumulation under photosynthetic conditions led to the downregulation of genes involved in the nitrogen assimilation system, which is activated by the global nitrogen regulator NtcA, suggesting that ppGpp regulates NtcA activity. However, the details of this mechanism have not been elucidated. Here, we investigate the metabolic responses associated with ppGpp accumulation by heterologous expression of the ppGpp synthetase RelQ. The pool size of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), which activates NtcA, is significantly decreased upon ppGpp accumulation. De novo 13C-labeled CO2 assimilation into the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle and glycolytic intermediates continues irrespective of ppGpp accumulation, whereas the labeling of 2-OG is significantly decreased under ppGpp accumulation. The low 2-OG levels in the RelQ overexpression cells could be because of the inhibition of metabolic enzymes, including aconitase, which are responsible for 2-OG biosynthesis. We propose a metabolic rearrangement by ppGpp accumulation, which negatively regulates 2-OG levels to maintain carbon and nitrogen balance.
Direct in situ photolithography of ultra-stable CsPbBr3 quantum dot arrays based on crosslinking polymerization
Authors: Wan Yanli , Zhao Yixing , Li Yaling , Zhang Zhenwei , Li Sen , Tian Tingfang , Wang Li 
Published: December 2023

XBPO-treated CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots arrays were prepared by utilizing the waterproof properties of the PQDs under photopolymerization condition and the non-waterproof properties without photopolymerization.