bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of cell nuclei from fresh tissues for high‐quality DNA flow cytometry
Authors: Castro Juan , Heiden Thomas , Wang Naining , Tribukait Bernhard 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn easy method for preparation of bare cell nuclei from fresh solid tissues for DNA flow cytometry is described. Pieces of up to 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 size from fresh tissues were fixed in formalin. After removal of formalin by washing with ethanol and rehydration with tap water, the tissue pieces were incubated with subtilisin Carlsberg (pronase, Sigma protease XXIV) and then stained directly with DAPI. Staining with ethidium bromide gave unsatisfactory results. Neither mechanical disaggregation nor centrifugation were used. The resulting cell nucleus suspensions had extremely low frequencies of debris particles and of clumped cell nuclei. A good yield, a minimized loss, and a good stainability of cell nuclei were obtained.The applicability of the method was exemplified by the analysis of biopsies from the colon‐rectum in patients with ulcerative colitis and of biopsies from the bladder in patients with bladder cancer and compared to the standard method of this laboratory, which uses mechanical disaggregation, ethanol fixation, pepsin treatment, and staining with ethidium bromide. The formalin‐nubtilisin Carlsberg technique resulted in good agreement of ploidy measurements compared to the standard method, a higher number of evaluable histograms, an improved detectability of aneuploid cell populations, and an improved accuracy of the S‐ and G2‐phase analysis, particularly in samples with low proliferation. The method also makes it possible to use long‐term storage and to transport samples by post. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automatic lineage assignment of acute leukemias by flow cytometry
Authors: Verwer Ben J. H. , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA method for automatic lineage assignment of acute leukemias was developed. Input are eight list mode data files acquired with a FACScan flow cytometer. For each cell, four parameters are measured: forward light scatter, orthogonal light scatter, fluorescein fluorescence, and phycoerythrin fluorescence. Eight data files are acquired in the following sequence: unstained, isotype controls, CD10/CD19, CD20/CD5, CD3/CD22, CD7/CD33, HLADR/CD13, and CD34/CD38. First, each of the data files 3 to 8 are clustered independently employing an algorithm based on nearest neighbors. Next, the clusters are associated across the data files to form cell populations, using the assumption of light scatter invariance across tubes for each population. The mean positions of each cell population are fed into a decision tree. The decision tree first identifies normal cell populations, i.e., monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells, T‐lymphocytes, and B‐lymphocytes. After elimination of the normal cell populations from the data space, the residual cell populations are classified as B‐lineage ALL, T‐lineage ALL, AML, AUL, B‐CLL, or unknown. The effectiveness of this novel approach is shown with case studies of B‐lymphoid, T‐lymphoid, and Myeloid acute leukemias. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and quantitation of apoptotic cells following anti‐CD3 activation of murine G0 T cells
Authors: Chrest Francis J. , Buchholz Meredith A. , Kim Young Ho , Kwon Taeg‐Kyu , Nordin Albert A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMultiparameter flow cytometry and cell sorting were used to examine the process of apoptosis after activation of murine resting T cells with immobilized anti‐CD3. Activated T cells treated with Hoechst 33342 (HO‐33342) and analyzed by flow cytometry showed two major cell populations of high and low fluorescence. These populations were sorted and the DNA extracted and subjected to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of DNA extracted from T cells showing a low level of HO‐33342 fluorescence (HO‐Low) resulted in a typical ladder pattern characteristic of internucleosomal DNA degradation associated with apoptosis, whereas the cellular DNA of the cells showing a high level of fluorescence (HO‐High) showed a narrow high molecular weight band. Multiparameter analysis further indicated that cells with HO‐High characteristics possessed corresponding high‐FSC/low‐SSC properties, whereas HO‐Low cells formed a cluster of low‐FSC/high‐SSC cells. Analysis of the DNA extracted from cells sorted on the basis of scatter properties alone confirmed that the low‐FSC/high‐SSC population contained the apoptotic cells and that the high‐FSC/low‐SSC population was comprised of viable cells. This methodology allowed us to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells following anti‐CD3 activation at various time points and to discriminate them from those in cell cycle. We could further quantitate the number of apoptotic versus viable CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the cell cycle. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Optimal detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry depends on cell morphology
Authors: Zamai L. , Falcieri E. , Zauli G. , Cataldi A. , Vitale M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFlow cytometry has recently become a choice technique for the quantitative analysis of apoptosis. Monoparametric DNA analysis usually allows identification of apoptotic cells as a “subdiploid” peak. Progression through apoptosis leads to chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and eventually to cell disruption. Thus, a major problem for the flow cytometric analysis of apoptotic populations is discrimination between debris and apoptotic cells. Here we demonstrate that the best parameter on which to make such a distinction is the DNA content, no matter what type of cell is studied. In contrast, discrimination between apoptotic, non‐apoptotic cells, and debris is possible on the basis of scattering signals only in few selected cases, depending on the morphology of the intact cells. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid method for cell cycle analysis in a predatory marine dinoflagellate
Authors: Whiteley A. S. , Burkill P. H. , Sleigh M. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractOxyrrhis marina (Dujardin) is a predatory marine dinoflagellate that feeds phagocytically on live phytoplanktonic “prey” cells from the surrounding environment. A rapid method was developed to separate the cell cycle characteristics of these predators from their prey cells in order to study the cell cycle dynamics of this organism.Nuclei from Oxyrrhis were isolated in low salt buffer (PBS) using detergent and mechanical agitation and the DNA stained with Hoechst 33258 in a one step procedure. The method permitted the isolation of nuclei from the Oxyrrhis cells with > 95% efficiency.Discrimination between prey cell nuclei and those of Oxyrrhis was achieved during flow cytometric analysis which yielded routinely G1 CVs of 3–6% for exponentially growing cell populations and 2–3% for stationary phase cells.The method was used to demonstrate the changes in cell cycle dynamics during the exponential and stationary phases of growth. Results indicated that in contrast to most mammalian and phytoplankton cell types Oxyrrhis spent the major portion (ca. 50%) of its cell cycle in G2 + M when actively dividing. Analysis of stationary phase populations also suggests that specific cell cycle control (or restriction) points were present in both G1 and G2 in this species. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of intracellular pH using flow cytometry with carboxy‐SNARF‐1
Authors: Wieder Eric D. , Hang Haiying , Fox Michael H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe new intracellular pH (pHi) dye carboxy‐seminaphthorhodafluor (SNARF‐1) was compared to the established dye 2,3‐dicyanohydroquinone (DCH) using flow cytometry. Both dyes give high‐resolution pHi measurements. SNARF‐1 remains trapped within cells much longer than DCH, so that pHi can be monitored during and after treatments with chemicals or hyperthermia. The toxicity of the dyes is similar, and both dyes can be used at concentrations that result in low toxicity to cells. Adequate staining of cells with SNARF‐1 is dependent on the cell concentration. The absolute pHi values indicated by SNARF‐1 are higher than values measured with DCH. However, the trends measured by both dyes are consistent, and both are useful for making pHi measurements. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
μ‐η1:η1‐N,N′‐Imidazolidine‐Bridged Dicopper(II/III) Complexes of a New Dinucleating μ‐Bis(tetradentate) Schiff Base Ligand: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, 1H NMR Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Coupling
Authors: Bera Manindranath , Wong Wing Tak , Aromí Guillem , Ray Debashis 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe dicopper oxidation state in the title of the original article1 is erroneously given as (II/III); however, it should be (II/III) as shown in the correct title above.
Reaction of 1,3,5‐Triazacyclohexanes with TiCl4: Formation of Cationic Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 16/2005)
Authors: Köhn Randolf D. , Kampe Philip , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the first crystallographically characterized cationic triazacyclohexane complex of titanium. The hydrogen atoms of the ring‐CH2 groups engage in C−H···Cl interactions with the anion (only the shortest shown) and give rise to two characteristic doublets in the 1H NMR spectrum with shifts that are highly dependent on the N‐substituents, solvent and anion. The cationic complex is readily formed by the treatment of triazacyclohexanes with excess TiCl4 which often results in large crystals containing the Ti2Cl9 anion. Details are discussed in the article by R. D. Köhn et al. on p. 3217 ff.
Palladium(II) Chloride and a (Dipyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine‐Derived Palladium(II) Chloride Complex as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Synthesis of Alkynes in Water or in NMP and of Diynes in the Absence of Reoxidant
Authors: Gil‐Moltó Juan , Nájera Carmen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe (dipyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine‐derived palladium chloride complex 1 and PdCl2 are efficient catalysts for cross‐coupling reactions between terminal alkynes and aryl iodides or bromides under modified Sonogashira–Cassar–Heck conditions. The alkynylation can be performed under copper‐free conditions in water at reflux or at room temperature under air with pyrrolidine as base and tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB) as additive, with TONs of up to 7 × 104 and TOFs(h–1) of up to 6666. Terminal alkynes can be arylated in NMP as well under copper‐ and amine‐free conditions at 110 °C or room temperature, with tetra‐n‐butylammonium acetate (TBAA) acting as base with TONs up to 2 × 105 and TOFs (h–1) up to 66 666. In general, complex 1 displays a slightly higher efficiency than PdCl2 as catalyst and maintains the same activity after five consecutive runs. Alternatively, these alkynylation processes can be carried out under microwave heating conditions. The homocoupling of terminal alkynes to the corresponding 1,3‐diynes proceeds under phosphane‐free conditions with the (dipyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine‐derived palladium chloride complex 1 or with PdCl2 as catalysts and with CuI as cocatalyst in NMP with use of either TBAA or pyrrolidine as bases. This Glaser‐type reaction can be performed at 110 °C or at room temp. in the presence of air without the use of a reoxidant. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Biocompatible needle‐type glucose sensor with potential for use in vivo
Authors: Chen Chien‐Yuan , Su Yuan‐Chi , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Nakabayashi Nobuo , Tamiya Eiichi , Karube Isao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA biocompatible material with diffusion‐limiting properties [(MPC‐co‐BMA)‐CA] was prepared by mixing the copolymer of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and n‐butyl methacrylate (MPC‐co‐BMA) with cellulose acetate (CA). Investigation of the biocompatibility showed that, compared with CA, relatively few platelets bound to it and no morphological change was observed. This material was dipcoated as the outermost layer onto the working electrode of a needle‐type glucose sensor. The sensor showed a rapid response (<120 seconds in batch operation), good reproducibility (RSD < 5%), good stability (more than 36 hours in control serum continuously), and a very wide dynamic range (0–1000 mg/dl glucose). It was used to determine glucose in serum. The data obtained from the sensor showed good agreement (R > 0.95) with that from a clinical autoanalyzer.
Selective biocatalytic measuring cell for flow injection analysis
Authors: Tarcali József , Nagy Géza , Pungor Ernö 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA flow‐through measuring cell developed for flow injection analysis (FIA) measurements is described. The cell works detecting amperometrically the hydrogen peroxide formed in an enzyme‐catalyzed oxidation reaction of different substrates. The electrode consists of a thin, hollow dialysis fiber introduced into the flow analysis channel, an enzyme solution film pumped inside the fiber, and a cellulose acetate protective layer‐coated thin platinum wire‐base sensor housed inside the hollow fiber. The measuring cell for two different model compounds, glucose and ethanol, was well applicable for the concentration determinations in small volume solution aliquots. Important advantages of the cell are its versatility and its easy activation for measurements.
Anodic stripping voltammetric analysis of selenium: Comparison of electrode geometries
Authors: Hrehocik Michele E. , Lundgren Jeffrey S. , Bowyer Walter J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGold macrodisk, microdisk, and microband electrodes are compared for the anodic stripping voltammetry of Se(IV). All of these electrodes show a stripping peak at 0.79 V with a width at half height of 80–90 mV. The linear dynamic range, limit of detection, sensitivity, and precision are compared when using the three electrodes. Although flux at the microelectrodes is greater than at the macroelectrode, the limit of detection is similar for all three geometries. The linear dynamic range is smallest when using the microdisk electrode. The precision of the peak current is best with the macrodisk electrode. Although microelectrodes enjoy many advantages in analyses based on reversible systems, these advantages are not always realized with irreversible systems.
Hydrodynamically generated amperometric difference currents using parallel flow streams
Authors: Zhu Caobin , Curran David J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn alternative approach to hydrodynamic modulation in flow streams has been designed which is not influenced by the rate of relaxation of the diffusion layer. Reticulated vitreous carbon flow through working electrodes was used in gravity‐driven dual‐flow lines. Two working electrodes were used, one in each of two independent flow lines. Each flow line contained a complete electrochemical cell, and the working electrode of each cell was maintained at the same potential. The flow rates were different in each flow line, but the solution of analyte was the same. The difference current between the two working electrodes was measured using operational amplifier circuitry. Criteria for the selection of flow rates are presented. The dual‐flow stream has the advantages of real‐time background correction and automatic offset of solid electrode surface or history effects. Hydroquinone was used as a test system, and detection limits were in the subnanomolar region.
Adsorptive stripping measurements of bismuth
Authors: Wang Joseph , Lu Jianmin , Setiadji Rossi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA very sensitive stripping procedure for trace measurements of bismuth, based on the adsorptive accumulation of the bismuth‐cupferron complex onto the mercury working electrode, is described. The optimized conditions include a sulfuric acid (5 × 10−4 M) medium, containing 2.5 × 10−5 M cupferron, and an accumulation potential of −0.10 V. Both voltammetric and potentiometric stripping modes can be employed to probe the reduction of the accumulated complex. The limit of detection after 10 minutes preconcentration is 6 ng L−1 (3 × 10−11 M), and the relative standard deviation at the 2 × 10−8 M level is 1.6%. Most cations, including antimony, do not interfere in the determination of bismuth. Simultaneous measurements of bismuth, titanium, and uranium are illustrated.
The transfer coefficient of the electrochemical reduction of cephalosporins and cefamycins
Authors: Muñoz E. , Avila J. L. , Doctor J. Pérez , Camacho L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction at a mercury electrode of three cephalosporins and one cefamycin bearing a common R3 substituent was studied. The first one‐electron transfer of the reduction process was found to be the rate‐determining step in all four cases. In addition, the process took place via species adsorbed on the electrode. The analysis of the voltammetric peaks obtained in the absence of diffusion allowed us to establish the variation of the apparent transfer coefficient, αap, throughout the peak. This was found to be a linear function of the faradic current, which is consistent with the assumption that the free energy of adsorption of the antibiotics is a linear function of the coverage. In addition, the transfer coefficient was found to be markedly dependent on the nature of substituent R‐and on the character of the cephalosporin or cefamycin.
Polarographic behavior of 8‐chlorotheophylline and its determination in dosage forms
Authors: Gil E. Pinilla , Blázquez L. Calvo , Carra R. M. García‐Moncó , Misiego A. Sánchez 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe electroanalytical behavior of 8‐chlorotheophylline has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and by differential pulse polarography on a dropping mercury electrode (DME). The differential pulse polarography approach offers a simple and yet reliable method for the determination of 8‐chlorotheophylline in pharmaceutical preparations with good accuracy and precision.
A highly sensitive and selective catalytic oscillopolarographic method for the determination of ultratrace amounts of molybdenum
Authors: Zhi‐Liang Jiang , Guo‐Zhong Dai 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA very sensitive and selective single‐sweep oscillopolarographic method has been developed for determining trace molybdenum down to 0.06 ng/ml. In the presence of 0.040M mandelic acid‐0.10% OP emulsifier‐0.10M potassium chlorate‐1.0M sulfuric acid Mo(VI) exhibits a very sensitive and sharp polarographic catalytic adsorptive wave at −0.10 V (vs. SCE). The oscillopolarographic behavior and the influence of foreign ions were studied. Molybdenum in human hair, ore, and steel samples were analyzed by this method, and excellent results were obtained.
An image warping approach to spatio‐temporal modelling
Authors: Aberg Sofia , Lindgren Finn , Malmberg Anders , Holst Jan , Holst Ulla 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this article we present a spatio‐temporal dynamic model that can be realized using image warping. Image warping is a non‐linear deformation which maps every point in one image plane to a point in another image plane. Using thin‐plate splines, these deformations are defined by how a small set of points is mapped, making the method computationally tractable. In our case the dynamics of the process is modelled by thin‐plate spline deformations and how they vary in time. Thus we make no assumption of stationarity in time. Finding the deformation between two images in the space–time series is a trade‐off between a good match of the images and a smooth, physically plausible, deformation. This is formulated as a penalized likelihood problem, where the likelihood measures how good the match is and the penalty comes from a prior model on the deformation. The dynamic model we suggest can be used to make forecasts and also to estimate the uncertainties associated with these. An introduction to image warping and thin‐plate splines is given as well as an application where the methodology is applied to the problem of nowcasting radar precipitation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodic finite elements in two‐layer tidal flow
Authors: Kawahara Mutsuto , Morihir Michio , Kataoka Shinji , Hasegawa Ken'Ichi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present the finite element method and its application to quasi‐steady periodic two‐layer tidal flow in estuaries and coastal seas. Formulating the weighted residual equations, using quadratic polynomials for velocity and linear polynomials for water elevation as interpolation functions and employing the periodic Galerkin method, the nonlinear simultaneous equations can be derived. The present method is used for the simulation analysis of the Niigata Port redevelopment planning.
A simple method to generate high‐order accurate convection operators for explicit schemes based on linear finite elements
Authors: Donéa J. , Giuliani S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA simple method is proposed to generate high‐order accurate convection operators for lumped‐explicit schemes based on linear or multilinear finite elements. The basic idea is to reduce the truncation error on the first‐order spatial derivatives by exploiting the consistent mass matrix of the finite element method in a purely explicit multistep procedure. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on pure convection problems in one and two dimensions.
Computation of wave fields in the ocean around an Isaland
Authors: Skovgaard Ove , Jonsson Ivar G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA linear wave equation correct to first order in bed slope is used to calculate the wave field in the sea around an idealized island. This is of circular cylindrical shape and is situated on a paraboloidal shoal in an ocean of constant depth (Figure 1). The sides of the island are assumed fully reflecting. The incident waves are plane and periodic. Wave periods up to 30 min are investigated, and the Coriolis force is neglected. The solution of the wave equation is represented by a finite Fourier series, and a large number of very accurate numerical computations are carried through. The results appear partly in figures showing amplitude and phase angle curves (in some cases extending to the water area of constant depth outside the shoal), partly in figures showing amplitude vs wave period in fixed points. Comparison with solutions to the linearized long‐wave equation is made, and the validity range of the corresponding shallow water theory is given. The influence of the shoal is studied by investigating the wave field around an island in an ocean of constant depth. New criteria are given for the applicability of a geometrical optics approach (i. e. refraction). Complete numerical refraction solutions for points at the shoreline (corresponding to many wave orthogonals ending at the point) for shallows water waves, as for the general case, demonstrate the inadequacy of this approach for long‐period waves (seismic seawaves: tsunamis). All non‐linear effects, including dissipation, are excluded.
Aspects of large eddy simulation of homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Antonopoulos‐Domis M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHOMTY, a code for Large Eddy Simulation of homogeneous isotropic turbulence is proven by successful simulation of two experiments. The role of each term in the equations of motion and the concept of filtering is examined. It is shown that ‘prefiltering’ is unnecessary, and the resulting additional term in the equations, instead of transferring energy to the subgrid scales, backscatters energy from the resolved large wavenumerbers to the small ones. The kinetic energy decay exponent is shown to depend on the low wavenumber part of the velocity spectrum. Pressure statistics are computed and found to be in agreement with previous computations.