bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complement factor H Y402H polymorphism results in diminishing CD4+ T cells and increasing C-reactive protein in plasma
Authors: Nielsen Marie Krogh , Subhi Yousif , Falk Mads , Singh Amardeep , Sørensen Torben Lykke , Nissen Mogens Holst , Faber Carsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual loss among the elderly. Genetic variants in the gene encoding complement factor H (CFH) have been identified as an AMD susceptibility gene, however, the mechanistic link is debated. Here, we investigated the link between the CFH Y402H genotype and low-grade inflammation. We recruited 153 healthy individuals, 84 participants with dry stages of AMD, and 148 participants with neovascular AMD. All participants were subjected to detailed retinal examination, and interview regarding comorbidities and lifestyle. Blood samples were analyzed for level of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), white blood cell differential count, and stained with fluorescent antibodies to differentiate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CFH Y402H genotyping was performed using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction genotyping assay. Splenocytes from young and aged wild type and Cfh null mutant C57BL/6J mice were examined for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Healthy individuals with the CFH Y402H at-risk polymorphism HH had higher levels of CRP and lower proportions of CD4+ T cells compared to persons with the YH or YY polymorphism (P = 0.037, Chi-square). Healthy individuals with the HH polymorphism displayed lower proportions of CD4+ T cells with ageing (P < 0.01, one-way ANOVA), whereas both young and aged Cfh null mutant mice displayed lower proportions of CD4+ T cells (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05; unpaired t test). Participants with dry AMD and the HH polymorphism had similarly lower proportions of CD4+ T cells (P = 0.024, one-way ANOVA), but no difference in CRP-levels. In the neovascular stage of AMD, there was no difference in proportion of CD4+ cells or CRP levels according to genotype. The risk-associated CFH genotype is associated with an age-related decrease in proportion of CD4+ T cells and increased levels of CRP in healthy individuals. This indicates that decreased complement regulation results in extensive changes in innate and adaptive immune compartments that precede development of AMD.
Impact of different sulfur sources on the structure and function of sulfur autotrophic denitrification bacteria
Authors: Chen Zhenguo , Lou Minlan , Fang Peizhen , Xiao Dunquan , Zhu Wenting , Chen Hongwei , Qian Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNitrate pollution in surface water has become a significant environmental concern. Sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) technology is gaining attention for its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in nitrate removal. This study aimed to investigate the structure and function of sulfur autotrophic denitrification microbial communities in systems using sodium thiosulfate (Group A) and elemental sulfur (Group B) as the sole electron donors. Metagenomic amplicon sequencing and physicochemical analysis were performed to examine the microbial communities. The results revealed that on day 13, the nitrate nitrogen removal rate in Group A was significantly higher (89.2%) compared to Group B (74.4%). The dominant genus in both Groups was Thiobacillus, with average abundances of 34.15% and 16.34% in Groups A and B, respectively. β-diversity analysis based on species level showed significant differences in bacterial community structure between the two Groups (P < 0.001). Group A exhibited a greater potential for nitrate reduction and utilized both thiosulfate and elemental sulfur (P < 0.01) compared to Group B. This study provides a sufficient experimental basis for improving the start-up time and operating cost of SAD system through sulfur source switching and offers new prospects for in-depth mechanistic analysis.
Spontaneous orientation polarization of flavonoids
Authors: Akaike Kouki , Hosokai Takuya , Ono Yutaro , Tsuruta Ryohei , Yamada Yoichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpontaneous orientation polarization (SOP) is macroscopic electric polarization that is attributed to a constant orientational degree of dipole moments of polar molecules on average. The phenomenon has been found in small molecules like H2O at low temperatures and π-conjugated molecules employed in organic light-emitting diodes. In this study, we demonstrate that a thin film of baicalein, a flavonoid compound found in natural products, exhibits SOP and resultant giant surface potential (GSP) exceeding 5500 mV at a film thickness of 100 nm. Vacuum-deposition of baicalein under high vacuum results in smooth and amorphous films, which enables the generation of GSP with a slope of 57 mV/nm in air, a value comparable to the representative of an organic semiconductor showing GSP, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(III) (Alq3). We also found the superior photostability of a baicalein film compared to an Alq3 film. These findings highlight the potential of baicalein in new applications to organic electronics.
Resilience analysis of the local communities from a political economy perspective in Zanjan, Iran
Authors: Zarghami Saeid , Kaleji Lotfali Kozehgar , Abhari Maryam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLocal community resilience has been a solution to reduce human and natural origin damages for several decades in global studies. Various studies have addressed different aspects of resilience. However, using the results of this research to create local community resilience has always faced limitations. In fact, the neglected role of political economy in these studies has caused the application of policies and strategies resulting from these studies to face challenge to create local communities’ resilience. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate how political economy affects the resilience of local communities. The research method is mixed and qualitative analysis was used to analyze the impact of political economy on resilience and quantitative analysis was used to measure the extent of resilience. The research has investigated the impact of political economy on the aspects of resilience and measured the extent of resilience from economic, social, institutional, environmental, and physical aspects by selecting the central part of Zanjan. The results of the research show that political economy has caused the lack of role-playing of local communities in resilience creation. In fact, policy-making influenced by political economy has led to the formation of a rent economy, a top-down and centralized management system, and this was the main obstacle in creating resilient local communities directly and indirectly through the reduction of the role of local institutions, spatial segregation, housing rent, reduction of social capital, increasing greenhouse gases and poverty. Therefore, we need a transition from the current institutional environment take steps towards evolution, dynamism, and institutional transformation to create local communities’ resilience in order to create a resilient local society.
The ECM and tissue architecture are major determinants of early invasion mediated by E-cadherin dysfunction
Authors: Melo Soraia , Guerrero Pilar , Moreira Soares Maurício , Bordin José Rafael , Carneiro Fátima , Carneiro Patrícia , Dias Maria Beatriz , Carvalho João , Figueiredo Joana , Seruca Raquel , Travasso Rui D. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGermline mutations of E-cadherin cause Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC), a highly invasive cancer syndrome characterised by the occurrence of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma and lobular breast cancer. In this disease, E-cadherin-defective cells are detected invading the adjacent stroma since very early stages. Although E-cadherin loss is well established as a triggering event, other determinants of the invasive process persist largely unknown. Herein, we develop an experimental strategy that comprises in vitro extrusion assays using E-cadherin mutants associated to HDGC, as well as mathematical models epitomising epithelial dynamics and its interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). In vitro, we verify that E-cadherin dysfunctional cells detach from the epithelial monolayer and extrude basally into the ECM. Through phase-field modelling we demonstrate that, aside from loss of cell-cell adhesion, increased ECM attachment further raises basal extrusion efficiency. Importantly, by combining phase-field and vertex model simulations, we show that the cylindrical structure of gastric glands strongly promotes the cell’s invasive ability. Moreover, we validate our findings using a dissipative particle dynamics simulation of epithelial extrusion. Overall, we provide the first evidence that cancer cell invasion is the outcome of defective cell-cell linkages, abnormal interplay with the ECM, and a favourable 3D tissue structure.
Strategies for mainstreaming nature-based solutions in urban governance capacities in ten European cities
Authors: Hölscher Katharina , Frantzeskaki Niki , Collier Marcus John , Connop Stuart , Kooijman Esmee D. , Lodder Marleen , McQuaid Siobhan , Vandergert Paula , Xidous Dimitra , Bešlagić Lejla , Dick Gillian , Dumitru Adina , Dziubała Agnieszka , Fletcher Isobel , Adank Cristian Garcia-Espina , Vázquez María González , Madajczyk Natalia , Malekkidou Eleni , Mavroudi Maria , Loizou Eleftherios , Osipiuk Agnieszka , Pasic Belma , González Antonio Prieto , Quartier Mien , Schepers Selina , Suljević Nermina , Trendafilov Ivaylo , Van De Sijpe Katrien , Velikova Velichka , Vos Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the institutional mainstreaming of nature-based solutions (NBS) to advance a process-based understanding about how to strategically develop the governance capacities needed for systemic, localised and inclusive NBS. To this end, it reports how policy officers in ten European cities have started to mainstream NBS by interacting with and changing incumbent governance arrangements when experimenting with novel governance processes and mechanisms to plan, deliver and steward NBS. Based on these activities of the policy officers, the analysis identifies three strategies, associated stepping stones and changes in governance conditions, to mainstream NBS in governance capacities: institutionalising (a) a systems’ approach to link NBS to policies, regulations, and departments across goals and sectors, (b) inclusive collaborations for localised and inclusive interventions, and (c) reflexivity and learning about how NBS interact with the (institutional, ecological, social, etc.) contexts and create impacts. The strategies illustrate institutional entrepreneurship in interacting with incumbent governance contexts, and how starting from NBS as a type of systemic innovation can promote broader shifts in urban governance arrangements.
Boosting plasmon-enhanced electrochemistry by in situ surface cleaning of plasmonic nanocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yu , Sang Xueqing , Wu Fengxia , Pang Yuanhao , Xu Guobao , Yuan Yali , Hsu Hsien-Yi , Niu Wenxin 
Published: November 2023

An in situ electrochemical surface cleaning strategy is developed for the plasmonic nanocatalysts, which exhibit remarkable performance in plasmon-enhanced electrooxidation of glucose with an enhancement of 445%.
Fibrovascular Change and Sulcus Vocalis: A Case for Voice Therapy
Authors: Kagan Sydney , Clark Roseanne 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
A clinical case of right posteromedial true vocal fold sulcus is presented with case history, auditory perceptual analysis and accompanying audio files and ratings, laryngoscopic files and ratings, and acoustic analysis, as well as impressions and plan for treatment.

Method:
A single clinical case of right posteromedial true vocal fold sulcus is presented for learning purposes.

Results:
Clinical keys are provided for learning.

Conclusion:
Learners will be able to follow a clinical case to aid in perceptual, laryngoscopic, acoustic, and voice assessment and goal and treatment planning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24470056
Kinetic modelling of β‐cell metabolism reveals control points in the insulin‐regulating pyruvate cycling pathways
Authors: Rahul Rahul , Stinchcombe Adam R. , Joseph Jamie W. , Ingalls Brian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInsulin, a key hormone in the regulation of glucose homoeostasis, is secreted by pancreatic β‐cells in response to elevated glucose levels. Insulin is released in a biphasic manner in response to glucose metabolism in β‐cells. The first phase of insulin secretion is triggered by an increase in the ATP:ADP ratio; the second phase occurs in response to both a rise in ATP:ADP and other key metabolic signals, including a rise in the NADPH:NADP+ ratio. Experimental evidence indicates that pyruvate‐cycling pathways play an important role in the elevation of the NADPH:NADP+ ratio in response to glucose. The authors developed a kinetic model for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pyruvate cycling pathways. The authors successfully validated the model against experimental observations and performed a sensitivity analysis to identify key regulatory interactions in the system. The model predicts that the dicarboxylate carrier and the pyruvate transporter are the most important regulators of pyruvate cycling and NADPH production. In contrast, the analysis showed that variation in the pyruvate carboxylase flux was compensated by a response in the activity of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDm) resulting in minimal effect on overall pyruvate cycling flux. The model predictions suggest starting points for further experimental investigation, as well as potential drug targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Bioinformatics identification of a T‐cell‐related signature for predicting prognosis and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Dianqian , Ding Dongxiao , Ying Junjie , Qin Yunsheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease with poor clinical outcomes. T cells play a vital role in the crosstalk between the tumour microenvironment and HCC. Single‐cell RNA sequencing data were downloaded from the GSE149614 dataset. The T‐cell‐related prognostic signature (TRPS) was developed with the integrative procedure including 10 machine learning algorithms. The TRPS was established using 7 T‐cell‐related markers in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort with 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year area under curve values of 0.820, 0.725 and 0.678, respectively. TRPS acted as an independent risk factor for HCC patients. HCC patients with a high TRPS‐based risk score had a higher Tumour Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion score, lower PD1 and CTLA4 immunophenoscore and lower level of immunoactivated cells, including CD8+ T cells and NK cells. The response rate was significantly higher in patients with low‐risk scores in immunotherapy cohorts, including IMigor210 and GSE91061. The TRPS‐based nomogram had a relatively good predictive value in evaluating the mortality risk at 1, 3 and 5 years in HCC. Overall, this study develops a TRPS by integrated bioinformatics analysis. This TRPS acted as an independent risk factor for the OS rate of HCC patients. It can screen for HCC patients who might benefit from immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
Differences in treatment of stage I colorectal cancers: a population-based study of colorectal cancers detected within and outside of a screening program
Authors: Toes-Zoutendijk Esther , Breekveldt Emilie C. H. , van der Schee Lisa , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Elferink Marloes A. G. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Moons Leon M. G. , van Leerdam Monique E. 
Published: November 2023

Background Screen-detected colorectal cancers (CRCs) are often treated less invasively than stage-matched non-screen-detected CRCs, but the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study evaluated the treatment of stage I CRCs detected within and outside of the screening program in the Netherlands.
Methods Data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry for all stage I CRCs diagnosed between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2020 were analyzed, comparing patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics of screen-detected and non-screen-detected stage I CRCs. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between treatment (local excision only vs. surgical oncologic resection) and patient and tumor characteristics, stratified for T stage and tumor location.
Results Screen-detected stage I CRCs were relatively more often T1 than T2 compared with non-screen-detected stage I CRCs (66.9 % vs. 53.3 %; P < 0.001). When only T1 tumors were considered, both screen-detected colon and rectal cancers were more often treated with local excision only than non-screen-detected T1 cancers (odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95 %CI 1.93–2.49; and OR 1.29, 95 %CI 1.05–1.59, respectively), adjusted for sex, tumor location, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status, and tumor differentiation.
Conclusions Less invasive treatment of screen-detected stage I CRC is partly explained by the higher rate of T1 cancers compared with non-screen-detected stage I CRCs. T1 stage I screen-detected CRCs were also more likely to undergo less invasive treatment than non-screen-detected CRCs, adjusted for risk factors such as LVI and tumor differentiation. Future research should investigate whether the choice of local excision was related to unidentified cancer-related factors or the expertise of the endoscopists.
Synthesis of Ser-Ala-Ala Cyclic Desmosine
Authors: Usuki Toyonobu , Satoh Shogo , Baut Daria A. , Hirao Moena , Watanabe Daisuke , Suzuki Rina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElastin is present in the extracellular matrix of various tissues, most abundantly in the aorta and major vascular vessels, and is formed by self-assembly followed by concomitant crosslinkers of tropoelastin, an elastin precursor. Desmosine is a pyridinium-based tetrafunctional amino acid that serves as an important crosslinker to bind the polymeric chains of peptides in the 3D network of elastin. Despite its significance, the detailed structure of elastin has not been elucidated. In this work, the synthesis of a cyclic desmosine peptide designed to mimic elastin, which could serve as a compound for mass spectrometric analysis to elucidate crosslinking structures is reported. The synthesis involved stepwise and regioselective palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings, and inter- and intramolecular condensations.
Expeditious Synthesis of the Hexasaccharide Repeating Unit of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 7A
Authors: Sahaji Samim , Shit Pradip , Misra Anup Kumar , Jana Swapan Kumar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe hexasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7A has been synthesized in good yield using [3+2+1] block synthetic strategy. The synthetic strategy involved a number of challenging stereoselective glycosylation steps, which include β-selective glycosylation of l-rhamnosyl thioglycoside donor, α-selective glycosylations of 2-azido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosyl thioglycoside donor and d-galactopyranosyl donor together with the formation of β-glycoside of d-galactosamine moiety and α-glycoside of l-rhamnosyl moiety. Suitably functionalized thioglycosides have been used as glycosyl donors and a combination of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf­) has been used as glycosylation promoter.
Single-centre experience with autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: case series and literature review
Authors: Lorenzoni Paulo José , Kay Cláudia Suemi Kamoi , Ducci Renata Dal-Pra , Fustes Otto Jesus Hernandez , Rodrigues Paula Raquel do Vale Pascoal , Hrysay Nyvia Milicio Coblinski , Arndt Raquel Cristina , Werneck Lineu Cesar , Scola Rosana Herminia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLimb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a group of myopathies that lead to progressive muscle weakness, predominantly involving the shoulder and pelvic girdles; it has a heterogeneous genetic etiology, with variation in the prevalence of subtypes according to the ethnic backgrounds and geographic origins of the populations. The aim of the present study was to analyze a series of patients with autosomal recessive LGMD (LGMD-R) to contribute to a better characterization of the disease and to find the relative proportion of the different subtypes in a Southern Brazil cohort. The sample population consisted of 36 patients with LGMD-R. A 9-gene targeted next-generation sequencing panel revealed variants in 23 patients with LGMD (64%), and it identified calpainopathy (LGMD-R1) in 26%, dysferlinopathy (LGMD-R2) in 26%, sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD-R3–R5) in 13%, telethoninopathy (LGMD-R7) in 18%, dystroglicanopathy (LGMD-R9) in 13%, and anoctaminopathy (LGMD-R12) in 4% of the patients. In these 23 patients with LGMD, there were 27 different disease-related variants in the ANO5, CAPN3, DYSF, FKRP, SGCA, SGCB, SGCG, and TCAP genes. There were different causal variants in different exons of these genes, except for the TCAP gene, for which all patients carried the p.Gln53* variant, and the FKRP gene, which showed recurrence of the p.Leu276Ile variant. We analyzed the phenotypic, genotypic and muscle immunohistochemical features of this Southern Brazilian cohort.
A Case of Symptomatic Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Treated by a Bridging Bypass Using Short Saphenous Vein Graft
Authors: Yamamoto Rikiyoshi , Iida Tomohiro , Oka Naoki , Kokuzawa Jouji , Kaku Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn 86-year-old woman with initially asymptomatic severe right common carotid artery stenosis had frequent transient left hemiparesis 2 years after the initial diagnosis. Magnetic resonance angiography and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography demonstrated short-segment occlusion of the right carotid bifurcation with significant circumferential calcification, while magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no ischemic lesions. No collateral blood flow through the anterior communicating artery and posterior communicating artery was observed. A bridging bypass from the distal common carotid artery to the proximal cervical internal carotid artery using a saphenous vein graft was made. There were no ischemic symptoms following the procedure. Bridging bypass using the short saphenous vein graft might be useful for short-segment common carotid artery occlusion.
Auditory central pathways in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Barbosa Dayane Aparecida Nascimento , Silva Liliane Aparecida Fagundes , Samelli Alessandra Giannella , da Paz José Albino , Matas Carla Gentile 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease. Auditory evoked potential studies have demonstrated conduction and neural processing deficits in adults with MS, but little is known about the electrophysiological responses in children and adolescents.
Objective to evaluate the central auditory pathway with brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and long-latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP) in children and adolescents with MS.
Methods The study comprised 17 individuals with MS, of both sexes, aged 9 to 18 years, and 17 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex. All individuals had normal hearing and no middle ear impairments. They were assessed with click-BAEP and LLAEP through oddball paradigm and tone-burst stimuli.
Results Abnormal responses were observed in 60% of electrophysiologic assessments of individuals with MS. In BAEP, 58.82% of MS patients had abnormal responses, with longer wave V latency and therefore longer III-V and I-V interpeak latencies than healthy volunteers. In LLAEP, 52.94% of MS patients had abnormal responses. Although statistical differences were found only in P2-N2 amplitude, MS patients had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes than healthy volunteers in all components.
Conclusion Children and adolescents with MS had abnormal BAEP responses, with delayed neural conduction between the cochlear nucleus and the lateral lemniscus. Also, abnormal LLAEP results suggest a decrease in neural processing speed and auditory sensory discrimination response.