bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-kingdom microbial signatures in excess body weight colorectal cancer based on global metagenomic analysis
Authors: Zhu Xinyue , Xu Pingping , Zhu Ruixin , Gao Wenxing , Yin Wenjing , Lan Ping , Zhu Lixin , Jiao Na 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExcess body weight (EBW) increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is linked to lower colonoscopy compliance. Here, we extensively analyzed 981 metagenome samples from multiple cohorts to pinpoint the specific microbial signatures and their potential capability distinguishing EBW patients with CRC. The gut microbiome displayed considerable variations between EBW and lean CRC. We identify 44 and 37 distinct multi-kingdom microbial species differentiating CRC and controls in EBW and lean populations, respectively. Unique bacterial-fungal associations are also observed between EBW-CRC and lean-CRC. Our analysis revealed specific microbial functions in EBW-CRC, including D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. The best-performing classifier for EBW-CRC, comprising 12 bacterial and three fungal species, achieved an AUROC of 0.90, which was robustly validated across three independent cohorts (AUROC = 0.96, 0.94, and 0.80). Pathogenic microbial species, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Clostridioides difficile and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are EBW-CRC specific signatures. This work unearths the specific multi-kingdom microbial signatures for EBW-CRC and lean CRC, which may contribute to precision diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Differential methylation analysis in neuropathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Reho Paolo , Saez-Atienzar Sara , Ruffo Paola , Solaiman Sultana , Shah Zalak , Chia Ruth , Kaivola Karri , Traynor Bryan J. , Tilley Bension S. , Gentleman Steve M. , Hodges Angela K. , Aarsland Dag , Monuki Edwin S. , Newell Kathy L. , Woltjer Randy , Albert Marilyn S. , Dawson Ted M. , Rosenthal Liana S. , Troncoso Juan C. , Pletnikova Olga , Serrano Geidy E. , Beach Thomas G. , Easwaran Hariharan P. , Scholz Sonja W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of dementia in the elderly population. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation mapping of cerebellar tissue from pathologically confirmed DLB cases and controls to study the epigenetic profile of this understudied disease. After quality control filtering, 728,197 CpG-sites in 278 cases and 172 controls were available for the analysis. We undertook an epigenome-wide association study, which found a differential methylation signature in DLB cases. Our analysis identified seven differentially methylated probes and three regions associated with DLB. The most significant CpGs were located in ARSB (cg16086807), LINC00173 (cg18800161), and MGRN1 (cg16250093). Functional enrichment evaluations found widespread epigenetic dysregulation in genes associated with neuron-to-neuron synapse, postsynaptic specialization, postsynaptic density, and CTCF-mediated synaptic plasticity. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential importance of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of DLB and provides insights into the modified genes, regions and pathways that may guide therapeutic developments.
Different binding modalities of quercetin to inositol-requiring enzyme 1 of S. cerevisiae and human lead to opposite regulation
Authors: Mahdizadeh S. Jalil , Grandén Johan , Pelizzari-Raymundo Diana , Guillory Xavier , Carlesso Antonio , Chevet Eric , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe flavonoid Quercetin (Qe) was identified as an activator of Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) in S. cerevisiae (scIre1p), but its impact on human IRE1 (hIRE1) remains controversial due to the absence of a conserved Qe binding site. We have explored the binding modes and effect of Qe on both scIre1p and hIRE1 dimers using in silico and in vitro approaches. The activation site in scIre1p stably accommodates both Qe and its derivative Quercitrin (Qi), thus enhancing the stability of the RNase pocket. However, the corresponding region in hIRE1 does not bind any of the two molecules. Instead, we show that both Qe and Qi block the RNase activity of hIRE1 in vitro, with sub-micromolar IC50 values. Our results provide a rationale for why Qe is an activator in scIre1p but a potent inhibitor in hIRE1. The identification of a new allosteric site in hIRE1 opens a promising window for drug development and UPR modulation.
Deformation twins as a probe for tribologically induced stress states
Authors: Dollmann Antje , Kübel Christian , Tavakkoli Vahid , Eder Stefan J. , Feuerbacher Michael , Liening Tim , Kauffmann Alexander , Rau Julia , Greiner Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFriction and wear of metals are critically influenced by the microstructures of the bodies constituting the tribological contact. Understanding the microstructural evolution taking place over the lifetime of a tribological system therefore is crucial for strategically designing tribological systems with tailored friction and wear properties. Here, we focus on the single-crystalline High-Entropy Alloy CoCrFeMnNi that is prone to form twins at room temperature. Deformation twins feature a pronounced orientation dependence with a tension-compression anisotropy, a distinct strain release in an extended volume and robust onset stresses. This makes deformation twinning an ideal probe to experimentally investigate the complex stress fields occurring in a tribological contact. Our results unambiguously show a grain orientation dependence of twinning under tribological load. It is clearly shown, that twinning cannot be attributed to a single crystal direction parallel to a sample coordinate axes. With deformation twins in the microstructure, stress field models can be validated to make them useable for all different tribological systems.
Large-scale photovoltaic solar farms in the Sahara affect solar power generation potential globally
Authors: Long Jingchao , Lu Zhengyao , Miller Paul A. , Pongratz Julia , Guan Dabo , Smith Benjamin , Zhu Zhiwei , Xu Jianjun , Zhang Qiong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlobally, solar projects are being rapidly built or planned, particularly in high solar potential regions with high energy demand. However, their energy generation potential is highly related to the weather condition. Here we use state-of-the-art Earth system model simulations to investigate how large photovoltaic solar farms in the Sahara Desert could impact the global cloud cover and solar generation potential through disturbed atmospheric teleconnections. The results indicate negative impacts on solar potential in North Africa (locally), Middle East, Southern Europe, India, Eastern China, Japan, Eastern Australia, and Southwestern US, and positive impacts in Central and South America, the Caribbean, Central & Eastern US, Scandinavia and South Africa, reaching a magnitude of ±5% in remote regions seasonally. Diagnostics suggest that large-scale atmospheric circulation changes are responsible for the global impacts. International cooperation is essential to mitigate the potential risks of future large-scale solar projects in drylands, which could impact energy production.
High temperature sensitivity of monoterpene emissions from global vegetation
Authors: Bourtsoukidis Efstratios , Pozzer Andrea , Williams Jonathan , Makowski David , Peñuelas Josep , Matthaios Vasileios N. , Lazoglou Georgia , Yañez-Serrano Ana Maria , Lelieveld Jos , Ciais Philippe , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Daskalakis Nikos , Sciare Jean 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTerrestrial vegetation emits vast amounts of monoterpenes into the atmosphere, influencing ecological interactions and atmospheric chemistry. Global emissions are simulated as a function of temperature with a fixed exponential relationship (β coefficient) across forest ecosystems and environmental conditions. We applied meta-analysis algorithms on 40 years of published monoterpene emission data and show that relationship between emissions and temperature is more sensitive and intricate than previously thought. Considering the entire dataset, a higher temperature sensitivity (β = 0.13 ± 0.01 °C−1) is derived but with a linear increase with the reported coefficients of determination (R2), indicating that co-occurring environmental factors modify the temperature sensitivity of the emissions that is primarily related to the specific plant functional type (PFT). Implementing a PFT-dependent β in a biogenic emission model, coupled with a chemistry – climate model, demonstrated that atmospheric processes are exceptionally dependent on monoterpene emissions which are subject to amplified variations under rising temperatures.
Impact of magnetostriction mechanism on frequency manipulation ultrasonic steering in electromagnetic acoustic transducers
Authors: Li Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of the magnetostriction mechanism is considered as the focus. An axisymmetric FEM model of the spiral‐coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) is established to conduct the simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the directivity of ultrasonic wave can be controlled by manipulating the frequency. Furthermore, it is found that the direction of the dominant Lorentz force in the rail varies with time, while the magnetostrictive force compels the ultrasonic wave generated by the Lorentz force towards the axis. It effectively illustrates that the combined power of two mechanisms surpasses that of the Lorentz‐force mechanism alone, particularly at low frequencies.
Modelling, control design, and analysis of the inner control's loops intended for single‐phase voltage‐controlled inverter‐based microgrid
Authors: Ait Hammouda Camelia , Bradai Rafik , Bendib Ahmed , Kherbachi Abdelhammid , Kara Kamel , Boukenoui Rachid , Ahmed Hafiz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn voltage‐controlled voltage source inverters (VSIs)‐based microgrids (MGs), the inner control is of prime interest task for guaranteeing safe and stable operation. In this paper, an in‐depth investigation of the modelling, control design, and analysis of the voltage and current inner control loops intended for single‐phase voltage‐controlled VSIs is established. The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive study of the mathematical modelling, control design, and performance evaluation of the inner control's loops considering different proportional‐integral (PI) controller types with and without compensation, and to determine the optimal scheme that can offer better performance in terms of implementation simplicity, robustness, and transient and steady‐state responses. Thus, the mathematical closed‐loop models of designed outer voltage and inner current control schemes based on PI, P, and feedforward controllers with and without compensation are, first, derived. Following this, a systematic and effective control design for tuning the different PI controllers’ parameters is proposed. Furthermore, an analysis revealing the performance of the designed voltage and current control schemes is provided. This analysis enables us to choose a P controller and PI feedforward controller for the current control loop and the voltage control loop, respectively. The chosen P and PI controllers should be simple; meanwhile, they should offer a wide bandwidth. A simulation study is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink software to assess the performance of the adopted inner control scheme for both linear and non‐linear loads. In addition, an experimental setup, based on a TMS320F2837xD μC, of a single‐phase VSI supplying linear and non‐linear loads is built to verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the adopted inner controller. The results demonstrated: (1) the necessity of introducing the compensation term, which is responsible for offering control improvement against voltage perturbation, (2) the high tracking performance of the chosen controller in terms of dynamic and steady‐state responses as well as its simplicity of implementation.
Multistatic radar distribution geometry effects on parameter estimation accuracy
Authors: Dhulashia D. , Ritchie M. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn analysis of the parameter estimation uncertainty for the target location and velocity achievable using a single‐transmitter‐multiple‐receiver multistatic radar system is presented. A framework for establishing measures of multistatic radar parameter uncertainties by expansion of the bistatic radar parameter uncertainty measures is presented for systems containing omnidirectionally radiating nodes. The methodology uses analytical methods based on the Cramér–Rao Lower Bounds applied to scenarios in a two‐dimensional physical space with a single target exhibiting Doppler characteristics and a bistatic angle dependent radar cross‐section. A set of geometric descriptors is proposed to characterise the system, and parameter uncertainty results are reported as a function of these descriptors. The results indicate that angular separation between the transmitter and the centre of the receiver distribution is of greater importance than the quantity of receivers within the system when low uncertainty estimation capabilities are desired, though a minimum of two receivers must be available. The proportion of receivers within the system which contributed information crucial to obtaining the minimum estimation uncertainty is reported for systems containing different quantities of receivers. It was observed that, as the total number of receivers available increased, the proportion of receivers required to achieve the minimal uncertainty level reduces significantly.
Energy harvesting from water flow through porous reduced graphene oxide networks
Authors: Panchal Reena A. , Koratkar Nikhil A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing a syringe pump setup, the authors conducted water flow experiments through porous reduced graphene oxide (rGO). A variety of anions and cations were added to the water to study its effect on energy harvesting. More specifically, the authors performed tests to study effect of: (1) ion concentration in water, (2) type of anion used, (3) type of cation used, and (4) effect of flow rate. The test data indicates that water flow through rGO networks can directly induce drift of charge carriers in graphene and thus generate electricity. Graphene is ideally suited for this application, since it possesses high mobility charge carriers that are ready to be coupled to moving ions present in the flowing fluid. The proposed rGO material could enable harvesting of the ubiquitous, abundant, and renewable mechanical energy of moving water directly to electrical energy. Unlike traditional schemes, the graphene material directly converts the flow energy into electrical energy without the need for moving parts. Such graphene coatings could potentially replace conventional batteries (which are environmentally hazardous) in low‐power, low‐voltage, and long service‐life applications. Once scaled up, this concept offers a potentially transformative approach to energy harvesting, as opposed to incremental advances in current technologies.
Simulating small-scale dynamo action in cool main-sequence stars
Authors: Riva Fabio , Steiner Oskar , Freytag Bernd 
Published: January 2024

Context. The origin of the ubiquitous small-scale magnetic field observed on the solar surface can be attributed to the presence of a small-scale dynamo (SSD) operating in the sub-surface layers of the Sun. It is expected that a similar process could self-sustain a considerable amount of magnetic energy also in the near-surface layers of cool main-sequence stars other than the Sun.
Aims. In this paper the properties of the magnetic field resulting from SSD action operating in the near-surface layers of four cool main-sequence stars and its self-organization into magnetic flux concentrations are investigated numerically.
Methods. Three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of SSD action in the near-surface layers of four cool main-sequence stars of spectral types K8V, K2V, G2V, and F5V are carried out with the CO5BOLD code. The simulations are set up to have approximately the same Reynolds and magnetic Reynolds numbers, and to disentangle the impact of the effective temperature and the surface gravity on the SSD action from numerical effects.
Results. It is found that the SSD growth rates in SI units differ for the four stellar models; the highest and lowest growth rate is for the K2V and F5V model, respectively. This is due to the different turnover times in the four simulations. Even so, the SSD field strengths reached in the saturation phases are similar in all models, with the same amount of kinetic energy converted into magnetic energy. If the magnetic energy that is pumped out from the computational domain across the bottom boundary is partially replenished from outside of the computational domain, we find that the SSD action leads to a sufficient reduction in the convective velocities to reduce the convective horizontal length scales in the convection zone by 5–10%, vanishing towards the optical depth unity level. In this case, strong kilogauss magnetic flux concentrations emerge at the surface, leading to magnetic bright features, which are more numerous and conspicuous for the K2V and G2V models than for the K8V and F5V models. Their vertical magnetic field component on the surface of optical depth unity increases from 1 kG to 1.6 kG with decreasing effective temperature from F5V to K8V. However, more than 90% of the magnetic flux through any of these stellar surfaces has a field strength of less than 1 kG.
Environmental dependence of AGN activity and star formation in galaxy clusters from Magneticum simulations
Authors: Rihtaršič G. , Biffi V. , Fabjan D. , Dolag K. 
Published: January 2024

Context. The environment inside and on the outskirts of galaxy clusters has a profound impact on the star formation rate and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in cluster galaxies. While the overall star formation and AGN suppression in the inner cluster regions has been thoroughly studied in the past, recent X-ray studies also indicate that conditions on the cluster outskirts may promote AGN activity.
Aims. We investigate how the environment and the properties of host galaxies impact the levels of AGN activity and star formation in galaxy clusters. We aim to identify significant trends in different galaxy populations and suggest possible explanations.
Methods. We studied galaxies with stellar mass log M*(M⊙) > 10.15 in galaxy clusters with mass M500 > 1013 M⊙ extracted from box2b (640 comoving Mpc h−1) of the Magneticum Pathfinder suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations at redshifts 0.25 and 0.90. We examined the influence of stellar mass, distance to the nearest neighbouring galaxy, cluster-centric radius, substructure membership, and large-scale surroundings on the fraction of galaxies hosting an AGN, star formation rate, and the ratio between star-forming and quiescent galaxies.
Results. We find that in low-mass galaxies, AGN activity and star formation are similarly affected by the environment and decline towards the cluster centre. In massive galaxies, the impact is different; star-formation level increases in the inner regions and peaks between 0.5 and 1 R500 with a rapid decline in the centre, whereas AGN activity declines in the inner regions and rapidly rises below R500 towards the centre. We suggest that this increase is a result of the larger black hole masses relative to stellar masses in the cluster centre. After disentangling the contributions of neighbouring cluster regions, we find an excess of AGN activity in massive galaxies on the cluster outskirts (∼3 R500). We also find that the local density, substructure membership, and stellar mass strongly influence star formation and AGN activity but verify that they cannot fully account for the observed radial trends.
HD 214220 (BD+56 2813): An eclipsing binary with its primary component at the end of the main sequence
Authors: Schmutz W. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Analysis of the light curves of an eclipsing binary allows one to derive the absolute dimensions of the system. This in turn yields information on the radii of the components, which allows the stars to be accurately placed on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and their evolutionary phase to be interpreted via comparisons to tracks of stellar evolution models.
Aims. I aim to derive the stellar and system parameters of HD 214220.
Methods. I measured the epochs of three primary and three secondary minima of the eclipsing binary HD 214220 from 2019 to 2022 from photometric fluxes obtained by the TESS satellite. I modeled the light curve and the velocity amplitudes, which were obtained by the Gaia satellite, with the software PHOEBE.
Results. HD 214220 is an eclipsing binary system with an orbital period of P = 43.14 d, eclipse depths of 17% and 13%, and masses of 2.49 M⊙ and 2.42 M⊙. The sum of the radii is R1 + R2 ≈ 8.5 R⊙, and the temperatures of the components are similar, with a ratio of T2/T1 ≈ 1.03.
Conclusions. By consulting stellar evolution models, I find that the primary component has ended core hydrogen burning and is potentially in the contraction phase, prior to shell burning.
Observation of solar radio burst events from Mars orbit with the Shallow Radar instrument
Authors: Gerekos Christopher , Steinbrügge Gregor , Jebaraj Immanuel C. , Casillas Andreas , Donini Elena , Sánchez-Cano Beatriz , Lester Mark , Magdalenić Jasmina , Peters Sean T. , Romero-Wolf Andrew , Blankenship Donald D. 
Published: January 2024

Context.Multispacecraft and multiwavelength observations of solar eruptions, such as flares and coronal mass ejections, are essential to understanding the complex processes behind these events. The study of solar burst events in the radio frequency spectrum has relied almost exclusively on data from ground-based observations and a few dedicated heliophysics missions such as STEREO or Wind.Aims.By reanalysing existing data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Shallow Radar (SHARAD) instrument, a Martian planetary radar sounder, we discovered the instrument was also capable of detecting solar radio bursts and that it was able to do so with unprecedented resolution for a space-based solar instrument. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the reliability and value of SHARAD as a new solar radio observatory.Methods.We characterised the sensitivity of the instrument to type III solar radio bursts through a statistical analysis of correlated observations using STEREO and Wind as references. Using 38 correlated detections, we established the conditions under which SHARAD can observe solar bursts in terms of acquisition geometry. As an example of scientific application, we also present the first analysis of type III characteristic times at high resolution beyond 1 AU.Results.A simple logistic model based purely on geometrical acquisition parameters can predict burst show versus no-show in SHARAD data with an accuracy of 79.2%, demonstrating the reliability of the instrument in detecting solar bursts and laying the foundation for using SHARAD as a solar radio observatory. The extremely high resolution of the instrument, both in temporal and frequency directions; its bandwidth; and its position in the Solar System enable SHARAD to make significant contributions to heliophysics. Notably, it could provide data on plasma processes on the site of the burst generation and along the propagation path of associated fast electron beams.