bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. Office Market Values During the Past Decade: How Distorted Have Appraisals Been?
Authors: Hendershott Patric H. , Kane Edward J. 
Published: September 2003

The leading time series of real estate returns is the Russell‐NCREIF (RN) Property Index. The RN series tracks returns, cash flow plus appraised capital gains, for multiple property types. To evaluate the accuracy of the capital‐gains component of the office‐market return series, this paper constructs two benchmark measures for the present value of projectable office‐market cash flows from 1982 to 1991 and compares these with a real value series based on the RN capital‐gain component. The RN‐based series runs 30% above the highest of the benchmarks throughout the 1986–1989 period. While this overstatement is consistent with the development of a price bubble, failure of the bubble to burst until 1990–1991 is implausible. Real estate experts recognized overvaluation in assessments as early as the spring of 1986.The RN Office‐Market Index was slow to register price declines when the markets first weakened and then overstated the rate of decline once the market began to bottom out. This pattern likely reflects incentives for appraisers to smooth potentially temporary price volatility and for investment managers to maintain appraised values in declining markets. It traces as well as to systematic differences in the character and condition of the properties that lend to trade at different stages of the real estate cycle. These incentives and differences provide reason to believe that other RN indexes were similarly distorted.
BRANS–DICKE AND RELATED EUCLIDEAN WORMHOLES
Authors: COULE D. H. 
Published: September 2003

In a recent paper1 Euclidean wormhole solution has been obtained with a vacuum Brans–Dicke theory with parameter ω=0. These wormholes suffer from unphysical values of the gravitational constant. One can relate the various known wormholes by means of conformal transformations; although one should not transform them directly to the Einstein frame as the gravitational constant there is "forced" physical: so removing the wormholes. However, by arguing for the existence of a fundamental minimum length scale such wormholes can now be considered as representative of quantum gravitational phenomena. One can also obtain wormholes as solutions of the quantum mechanical Wheeler–De Witt equation; now in Brans–Dicke for any ω>-3/2.
Biological Pattern Formation as a Complex Dynamic Phenomenon
Authors: Meinhardt Hans 
Published: September 2003

Self-enhancement coupled with one or more antagonistic reactions is the crucial element in pattern forming reactions. Depending on the parameter, this can lead to patterns in space and/or in time which can be either extremely robust and reproducible or highly variable. Complex patterns result from a linkage of many pattern forming reactions, one pattern generates the prerequisites for the next. The support these models have obtained recently by molecular-genetic observations give rise to the hope that in the future an interplay between theory and experiment will lead to a still better understanding of this central issue. Free from functional constraints, the diversity of patterns on the shells of mollusks provide a rich source to study the properties of dynamic systems in general. Everyday, we are confronted by systems that have an inherent tendency to change. The weather, the stock market, or the economic situation are examples in which self-enhancing and antagonistic processes also play a decisive role. The shell patterns are sufficiently complex to be a challenge but also sufficiently simple to be accessible to modeling. Their one-dimensional character and the preservation of the history of their formation provide unusual help for deciphering these patterns. They illustrate the range of behavior that can be generated by modifications of a basic mechanism. They can be regarded as a natural exercise book to study dynamic systems.
A Causal Bifurcation Sequence Producing a Chaotic Transient Regime
Authors: Foster E. A. D. 
Published: September 2003

An organized sequence of codimension-1 bifurcations is investigated. This bifurcation sequence is shown to be generic for a class of noninvertible scalar maps containing symmetry, and is believed to occur commonly in both discrete and continuous dynamical systems. Particular dynamics are specified initially, in which chaotic sets with symmetry evolve from attracting to transients and back to attracting. The required dynamics limit the bifurcation structures possible, which in turn constrain the functional form of the dynamical system. The canonical scalar map producing these dynamics is determined to be quintic and odd symmetric. Analysis includes a discussion of the structure of the chaotic transient regime, description of the bifurcation sequence corresponding to full dynamics, and a complete classification of bifurcation sequences producing associated partial dynamics.
Lyapunov Spectral Analysis on Random Data
Authors: Ikeguchi Tohru , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2003

In this paper, an algorithm for estimating all Lyapunov exponents, or Lyapunov spectra of deterministic dynamical systems, is applied to random time series, that is, the time intervals of gamma ray emissions of cobalt. The algorithm used in this paper is that proposed by Sano and Sawada, which estimates Jacobian matrices of an assumed dynamical system from the data points on a possible attractor reconstructed. As a result, the largest Lyapunov exponent of the cobalt data is estimated to be positive, the same as the case of deterministic chaos. Although the sum of all Lyapunov exponents is positive in lower reconstructed dimensions, the values are estimated to be negative when the reconstructed dimension becomes higher. This result is also the same as deterministic chaos in dissipative dynamical systems. It is an indication that naive application of estimating algorithm for Lyapunov spectra to real data does not necessarily lead us to correct results. In order to check the appearance of positive Lyapunov exponents, firstly an analysis by the local versus global (LVG) plots is adopted. The results by LVG plots on the cobalt data are clearly different from those on typical nonlinear dynamical systems in lower dimensional reconstructed state space. Secondly, a direct approach for estimating largest Lyapunov exponents is applied. The results show that estimated Lyapunov exponents on cobalt data do not necessarily indicate existence of positive values. Lastly, a test of statistical hypothesis with surrogate data is also applied to the cobalt data under the null hypotheses that the cobalt data is produced from a linear stochastic system. The results show that statistical significances between the original and surrogate data are so small that some null hypotheses on the cobalt data cannot be rejected; the results imply that an analysis with surrogate data sets could avoid spurious interpretation that random time series, such as the cobalt data, has low-dimensional nonlinear deterministic dynamics with positive Lyapunov exponents.
New Nonlinear Adaptive Filters with Applications to Chaos
Authors: Rauf Fawad , Ahmed Hassan M. 
Published: September 2003

We present a new approach to nonlinear adaptive filtering based on Successive Linearization. Our approach provides a simple, modular and unified implementation for a broad class of polynomial filters. We refer to this implementation as the layered structure and note that it offers substantial computational efficiency over previous methods. A new class of Polynomial Autoregressive filters is introduced which can model limit cycle and chaotic dynamics. Existing geometric methods for modeling and characterizing chaotic processes suffer from several drawbacks. They require a huge number of data points to reconstruct the attractor geometry and performance is severely limited by noisy experimental measurements. We present a new method for processing chaotic signals using nonlinear adaptive filters. We demonstrate the modeling, prediction and filtering of these signals. We also show how the prediction error growth rate can be used to estimate the effective Lyapunov exponent of the chaotic map. Our approach requires orders of magnitude fewer data points and is robust to noise in the experimental data. Although reconstruction of the attractor geometry is unnecessary, the adaptive filter contains most of the geometric information.
One Method for Restoring Inhomogeneous Attractors
Authors: Janson Natalia B. , Pavlov Alexey N. , Anishchenko Vadim S. 
Published: September 2003

Several methods of restoration of phase portraits were applied to real experimental realizations a(t) of biological origin. The algorithms for global reconstruction were used to create qualitative models of the regimes under study. The results of global modeling were satisfactory for the time series of simple shape, but in case of complicated inhomogeneous realizations the traditional algorithms did not give reasonable models. We suggest a method for restoration of inhomogeneous attractors on a(t) as follows: [Formula: see text] while the other coordinates could be restored by any known methods (delay, differentiation, etc.). Such a representation of the attractor's coordinates preserves a simple form of the first equation of the system of differential equations sought [Formula: see text]This method was tested first on an artificially produced inhomogeneous realization containing pieces with very slow and very quick motion. After that it was successfully applied to real biological inhomogeneous realizations.
Differential-Algebraic Equations: A Tutorial Review
Authors: Beardmore R. E. , Song Y. H. 
Published: September 2003

This article (Funded by EPSRC and the National Grid Company.) explores some introductory principles of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) and makes a connection with the theory of dynamical systems. Some results which are new in the field of DAEs are also surveyed. Most treatments on DAE emphasize the differences that exist when compared with the ODE case. Here we seek to underline the similarities so that readers with a very basic knowledge of nonlinear dynamics can understand some of their consequences in this more general context.
Catecholaminergic Activation in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Time Course and Relation to Left Ventricular Performance
Authors: Petersen Claus Leth , Nielsen Jens Rokkedal , Petersen Bodil Laub , Kjær Andreas 
Published: September 2003

<i>Aim:</i> The study was designed to assess (1) the time course of catecholaminergic activation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as estimated by adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NOR) concentrations, and (2) to relate activation of these hormones to predict the outcome of cardiac performance. <i>Patients and Methods:</i> Eighteen patients with first AMI were studied. Blood samples were drawn within the first 4–18 h, after 18–24 h, on day 2, day 3 and on day 6 as well as after 1 year. Radionuclide ventriculography was performed on the day of discharge and after 1 year to determine left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). <i>Results:</i> In the study group as a whole, the concentrations of ADR decreased from (mean ± SEM) 0.80 ± 0.12 nmol/l on admission to 0.33 ± 0.03 nmol/l at discharge (p < 0.05). NOR decreased from 4.19 ± 0.78 to 2.44 ± 0.33 nmol/l (p < 0.05). Initial peak concentrations of both ADR and NOR on admission were correlated to LVEF at discharge (r = –0.56, p < 0.05 and r = –0.72, p < 0.05, respectively). If NOR was normal (<3 nmol/l) at admission, the LVEF was normal or almost normal (= 0.46) at discharge. The mean plasma level of ADR and NOR after 1 year follow-up was 0.34 ± 0.04 and 1.95 ± 0.25 nmol/l, respectively. The values after 1 year were unchanged compared to values at discharge, at day 6 (n.s.). Mean LVEF was 0.50 ± 0.03 (range: 0.23–0.69) at discharge and unchanged 0.46 ± 0.05 (range: 0.18–0.72) at 1 year follow-up (n.s.). During hospitalisation, the group with LVEF <0.50 had an 86% higher initial ADR and an 82% higher initial NOR concentration compared to values in patients with LVEF >0.50 (p < 0.05). <i>Conclusion:</i> (1) Catecholaminergic activation, as measured by plasma ADR and NOR in AMI, is acute and restricted to the first 5 days. Thereafter, the hormone levels are normal and stable. (2) The magnitude of the early catecholaminergic activation correlates with left ventricular systolic performance. (3) Normal NOR values at admittance predicts normal or almost normal LVEF at discharge.
In vitro Activity of Sertaconazole against Dermatophyte Isolates with Reduced Fluconazole Susceptibility
Authors: Carrillo-Muñoz A.J. , Fernández-Torres B. , Cárdenes D.C. , Guarro J. 
Published: September 2003

We have studied the in vitro antifungal activity of sertaconazole against 114 dermatophytes with low susceptibility to fluconazole following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for filamentous fungi (M38-P). However, several important factors such as the temperature (28 vs. 35°C) and time of incubation (4–10 days vs. 21–74 h), have been found to affect dermatophytes. Isolates were recently recovered from human samples. Sertaconazole was active against 114 isolates of 12 fungal dermatophyte species, showing an overall geometric mean of 0.41 µg/ml with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.01–2 µg/ml against these isolates with reduced fluconazole susceptibility. Differences between both antifungals were significant (p < 0.05). MIC<sub>50</sub> and MIC<sub>90</sub> of sertaconazole were of 0.5 and 1 µg/ml, respectively, while the MIC of fluconazole was ≧16 µg/ml. None of the isolates was resistant to sertaconazole during the study while for four isolates the MIC of fluconazole was ≧64 µg/ml. No evidence of cross-resistance between both antifungals was found.
Topoisomerase I Inactivation by Reticulol and Its in vivo Cytotoxicity against B16F10 Melanoma
Authors: Lim Dae-Seog , Kwak Yi-Sub , Lee Kyung-Ho , Ko Si-Hwan , Yoon Won-Ho , Lee Won-Young , Kim Chang-Han 
Published: September 2003

To investigate the enzyme-inhibitory efficacy and the cytotoxicity of reticulol produced from a strain of <i>Streptoverticillium</i>, we conducted a DNA topoisomerase (Topo) cleavage assay and an in vivo assay using B16F10 melanoma. From the inhibition assay of reticulol for Topo I, which is involved in melanoma metastasis, it was seen that Topo I treated with 45 µ<i>M</i> reticulol did not replicate or transcribe DNA by forming supercoiled DNA. In the annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay to investigate the death pattern of B16F10 cells treated with 200 µ<i>M</i> reticulol, proliferation of B16F10 cells was inhibited due to necrosis. Furthermore, from the in vivo assay, reticulol combined with Adriamycin (a mixture with retinolol 5 mg/kg and Adriamycin 1 mg/kg) further retarded the tumor growth compared to that in mice treated with Adriamycin alone (1 mg/kg). The survival rate of tumor-bearing mice treated with the mixture was closely associated with its cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results suggested that reticulol inactivates Topo I, which is involved in tumor metastasis, and exhibits excellent cytotoxic efficacy against B16F10 melanoma, when combined with Adriamycin, in a mouse model.
A Forskolin Derivative, Colforsin Daropate Hydrochloride, Inhibits Rat Mesangial Cell Mitogenesis via the Cyclic AMP Pathway
Authors: Ogata Junichi , Minami Kouichiro , Segawa Kayoko , Yamamoto Chieko , Kim Sung-Teh , Shigematsu Akio 
Published: September 2003

A forskolin derivative, colforsin daropate hydrochloride (CDH), has been introduced as an inotropic agent that acts directly on adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and ventricular contractility, resulting in positive inotropic activity. We investigated the effects of CDH on rat mesangial cell (MC) proliferation. CDH (10<sup>–7</sup>–10<sup>–5</sup> mol/l) inhibited [<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine incorporation into cultured rat MCs in a concentration-dependent manner. CDH (10<sup>–7</sup>–10<sup>–5</sup> mol/l) also decreased cell numbers in a similar manner, and stimulated cAMP accumulation in MCs in a concentration-dependent manner. A protein kinase A inhibitor, H-89, abolished the inhibitory effects of CDH on MC mitogenesis. These findings suggest that CDH would inhibit the proliferation of rat MCs via the cAMP pathway.
Effect of Ketotifen on the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species from Human Eosinophils Primed by Eotaxin
Authors: Yamada Yoshiyuki , Sannohe Satoshi , Saito Norihiro , Cui Chang-Hao , Ueki Shigeharu , Oyamada Hajime , Kanda Akira , Yamaguchi Kazutoshi , Hamada Kazuyuki , Adachi Tetsuya , Kayaba Hiroyuki , Chihara Junichi 
Published: September 2003

Ketotifen is an antiallergic drug and may have direct inhibitory effects on eosinophils. To investigate the anti-eosinophilic effect of ketotifen, we examined the effect of ketotifen on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from eotaxin-primed human eosinophils. Ketotifen at 10<sup>–10</sup>–10<sup>–6</sup> mol/l significantly reduced the production of ROS evoked by A23187 from eosinophils primed by eotaxin. In contrast, ketotifen at 10<sup>–5</sup> mol/l significantly augmented the production in the absence of eotaxin. We demonstrated that appropriate concentrations of ketotifen may have direct inhibitory effects on eosinophil oxidative metabolism primed by eotaxin. Ketotifen may contribute to the treatment of allergic disease through its anti-eosinophilic effects.
Antagonism between the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Cannabinoid WIN 55212-2 and SR 141716A
Authors: Pozzi Ottorino , Misiano Paola , Clark Geoffrey D. , Visentin Luciano 
Published: September 2003

The CB1/CB2 receptor agonist WIN 55212-2 (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a significant reduction in neurogenic plasma extravasation induced by electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve in anesthetized rats; WIN 55212-2 at 2.5–10 mg/kg, s.c., also produced a significant reduction in the carrageenan-induced paw edema in conscious rats. The selective CB1 antagonist SR 141716A (0.075–0.75 mg/kg i.v.) antagonized the WIN 55212-2 effects in the plasma extravasation model and antagonized the WIN 55212-2 (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced decreases in rectal temperature and increases in tail-flick latencies. However, SR 141716A (10 mg/kg, p.o.) failed to antagonize the effects of Win 55212-2 (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) in the carrageenan model, suggesting that cannabinoid receptors found in the periphery may be able to modulate inflammatory processes in rats.
Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Järvenpää Tarja , Räihä Ismo , Kaprio Jaakko , Koskenvuo Markku , Laine Matti , Kurki Timo , Vahlberg Tero , Viljanen Tapio , Ahonen Kirsi , Rinne Juha O. 
Published: September 2003

We investigated regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates (rCMRgluc) with positron emission tomography using 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-2-deoxy-<i>D</i>-glucose (FDG) in 7 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ten healthy volunteers with comparable mean age and educational level served as controls. In the hippocampus, the mean ± SD rCMRgluc were 0.20 ± 0.03 µmol/ml/min for the demented twins, 0.21 ± 0.03 µmol/ml/min for their non-demented co-twins, and 0.23 ± 0.02 µmol/ml/min for the controls. The mean hippocampal rCMRgluc was reduced in the demented twins (p = 0.006), compared with the controls. In the lateral temporal cortex, the mean ± SD rCMRgluc were 0.27 ± 0.05, 0.28 ± 0.04, and 0.32 ± 0.02 µmol/ml/min, respectively. These mean rates were reduced both in the demented (p = 0.02) and the non-demented (p = 0.01) twins, compared with the controls. In conclusion, in the demented twins, the reduction of rCMRgluc was detected in the hippocampus and lateral temporal cortex, i.e. the 2 brain areas which show early changes in pathological and imaging studies in AD. Their non-demented co-twins showed milder reductions, which may be an indication of genetic susceptibility for dementia, and an early sign of a dementing illness in them.
Preoperative Administration of Rebamipide Significantly Lowers Body Temperature and Circulating Interleukin-6 in Gastric Cancer Patients after Gastrectomy
Authors: Shimada S. , Inoue K. , Kuramoto M. , Suzuki S. , Yamamoto K. , Ogawa M. 
Published: September 2003

<i>Background/Aims:</i> It has recently been reported that rebamipide (OPC-12759) inhibits inflammatory cytokines and activation of neutrophils. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of preoperative administration of rebamipide on parameters of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy. <i>Patients and Methods:</i> We measured the parameters of SIRS, circulating cytokines and acute phase reactants in patients after (i) distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection (group 1, n = 10); (ii) distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection following administration of rebamipide (group 2, n = 10), and (iii) laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with D1 lymph node dissection (group 3, n = 10). Group 2 was administered 100 mg of rebamipide 3 times/day after meals for 7 days before surgery. <i>Results:</i> Among the parameters of SIRS, a difference was observed in body temperature on day 3. The mean body temperature of group 2 was significantly lower than group 1 (p = 0.006), and was similar to group 3. In proinflammatory cytokines, a significant difference was observed in the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6. On day 1 the IL-6 levels of group 2 were significantly lower than those of group 1 (p < 0.001). The changes in the IL-6 level of group 2 were similar to group 3, except in the very early postoperative phase. However, other proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8 and IL-10, were not detected, and there was no difference in C-reactive protein between the 3 groups. <i>Conclusion:</i> Preoperative administration of rebamipide significantly decreased postoperative body temperatures and circulating IL-6 in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy to levels similar to those of patients with LADG.
Solvent-dependent cis-trans Photoisomerization of p-Methoxy-p′-nitro-substituted trans,trans,trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
Authors: Sonoda Yoriko , Kawanishi Yuji 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Irradiation of p-methoxy-p′-nitro-substituted 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene induced trans, trans, trans → cis, trans, trans (ttt → ctt) isomerization in toluene, whereas in acetonitrile inefficient ttt → ctt, tct isomerization was observed. The results are explained in terms of weakly polar nature of twisted excited states.
Metal Nanoparticles Derived from Polysilane Shell Cross-linked Micelle Templates
Authors: Sanji Takanobu , Ogawa Yuya , Nakatsuka Yuriko , Tanaka Masato , Sakurai Hideki 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Polysilane shell cross-linked micelles, where the polysilane core is surrounded by a partially cross-linked shell of poly(methacrylic acid), can be used as the template for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles.
Types of media violence and degree of acceptance in under‐18s
Authors: Ángel Vidal Miguel , Clemente Miguel , Espinosa Pablo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt is an established fact that almost every TV channel offers a high level of violent content. The object of this study is to check the degree of acceptance of this media violence in under‐18s. We will also check what cognitive and emotional effects the viewing of different types of violence has. A sample of 203 subjects aged 13 years from Madrid, Spain, viewed a clip from different films. Before and after the film, data were collected about their opinion on violence. Three viewing conditions were established according to the degree and type of violence shown and based on Berkowitz [(1996): Desclée De Brouwer]: action without violence, socially justified violence, and socially unjustified violence. Several ANOVAs were carried out revealing that violence is better valued and more attractive after watching the film sequences than before the showing. Aggr. Behav. 29:381–392, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.