bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation ideals of order two in 2‐dimensional regular local rings
Authors: Noh Sunsook 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLet K be the quotient field of a 2‐dimensional regular local ring (R, m) and let v be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K birationally dominating R which is residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that: such prime divisor v is uniquely associated to a simplem‐primary integrally closed ideal I of R, there are only finitely many simple v‐ideals including I, and all the other v‐ideals can be uniquely factored into products of simple v‐ideals. The number of nonmaximal simple v‐ideals is called the rank of v or the rank of I as well. It is also known that such anm‐primary ideal I is minimally generated by o(I)+1 elements, where o(I) denotes the m‐adic order of I. Given a simple valuation ideal of order two associated to a prime divisor v of arbitrary rank, in this paper we find minimal generating sets of all the simple v‐ideals and the value semigroup v(R) in terms of its rank and the v‐value difference of two elements in a regular system of parameters of R. We also obtain unique factorizations of all the composite v‐ideals and describe the complete sequence of v‐ideals as explicitly as possible. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On minimal submanifolds in an Euclidean space
Authors: Wang Qiaoling 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe concepts “super stable” and “super index” for minimal submanifolds in a Euclidean space are introduced. These concepts coincide with the usual concepts “stable” and “index” when the submanifolds have codimension one. We prove that the only complete super stable minimal submanifolds of finite total scalar curvature and of dimension not less than three in a Euclidean space are affine planes. We also prove that a complete minimal submanifold of dimension larger or equal to three in a Euclidean space with finite super index has finitely many ends. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sequestration of connexin43 in the early endosomes: An early event of Leydig cell tumor progression
Authors: Segretain Dominique , Decrouy Xavier , Dompierre Jim , Escalier Denise , Rahman Nafis , Fiorini Céline , Mograbi Baharia , Siffroi Jean‐Pierre , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Fenichel Patrick , Pointis Georges 
Published: November 2003

AbstractConnexins form gap junction channels that allow intercellular communication between neighboring cells. Compelling evidence has revealed that Cx are tumor‐suppressor genes and reduced Cx expression has been related with uncontrolled cell growth in tumors and transformed cells. In the present study, we addressed Cx transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations during the earlier stage of testicular tumors confined to Leydig cells in a transgenic mice model. In situ hybridization indicated that connexin43 (Cx43) mRNA was highly expressed either at early tumorogenesis (3 m) characterized by intense proliferation of Leydig cells, or at advanced tumorogenesis (6–7 m) when tumor cells completely invaded the testis. In contrast, Cx43 protein analyzed by Western blotting or classic immunohistochemical analyses was present at the beginning of tumor progression, but was dramatically reduced as tumor advanced. Application of high‐resolution deconvolution microscopy to testis sections demonstrates that cells that proliferate exhibited an aberrant cytoplasmic Cx43 localization, in contrast to the expected plasma membrane Cx43 localization in normal Leydig cells. Dual immunofluorescence labeling with specific markers of cellular compartments shows that cytoplasmic Cx43 signal was mainly sequestered within early endosomes. Altogether, this study provides the first evidence that impaired Cx43 trafficking in endosomes is an early event associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation that could serve as a neoplastic marker. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perceptual differences in sequential stimuli across patients with musician's and writer's cramp
Authors: Lim Vanessa K. , Bradshaw John L. , Nicholls Michael E.R. , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated a relationship between the regularity of motor production and the ability to make accurate perceptual judgments. The current study investigated the temporal abilities of two groups of patients with known movement problems (musicians' and writers' cramp), some of whom have had many years of training in temporal discrimination. Patients and controls (musician and nonmusician, respectively) judged whether the last of six sequential auditory or tactile stimuli occurred earlier or later in comparison to five previously and regularly presented stimuli. In both sensory domains, patients with musicians' cramp detected the early stimulus better than controls. When detecting the onset of late stimuli, only in the auditory domain were patients worse than controls. Patients with writers' cramp, however, did not show any significant group differences in either auditory or tactile domains, suggesting that such patients are not deficient in processing sequential stimuli. In conclusion, compared to controls, patients with musician's cramp demonstrated generalized timing anomalies, occurring in the symptomatic (tactile) and the asymptomatic (auditory) sensory domains. This timing problem is likely to be a consequence of the dystonic symptoms rather than the cause. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Measuring the rate of progression of Parkinson's disease over a 5‐year period with β‐CIT SPECT
Authors: Pirker Walter , Holler Iris , Gerschlager Willibald , Asenbaum Susanne , Zettinig Georg , Brücke Thomas 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRecent imaging studies suggest a rapid degeneration of the dopaminergic system in early Parkinson's disease (PD), followed by a slowing of the degenerative process in advanced disease. In the present study, a group of early‐stage PD patients underwent three sequential [123I]β‐CIT SPECT studies to assess the decline of striatal dopamine transporter binding over a 5‐year period. Twenty‐one of a cohort of 24 early PD patients who participated in an earlier longitudinal β‐CIT SPECT imaging study [Mov Disord 2002;17:45–53] were included. Scan intervals were 26 ± 11 months (scan 1–2) and 38 ± 15 months (scan 2–3), respectively. The relative annual rate of decline of striatal β‐CIT binding from age‐expected normal values at the time of Scan 1 was used as primary outcome variable. The relative annual decline of striatal binding from Scan 1 to Scan 2 (4.5 ± 4.6%) and from Scan 2 to Scan 3 (3.0 ± 3.0%) was not significantly different. The non‐significant difference in progression rate was due mainly to the rapid early decline of striatal binding in 1 patient who subsequently developed a severe dysexecutive dementia syndrome. These data are not suggestive of substantial change in the course of dopaminergic degeneration in PD within the first 5 to 7 years after symptom onset. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Interleukin‐1A (−889) genetic polymorphism increases the risk of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Combarros Onofre , Infante Jon , Llorca Javier , Berciano José 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn a case‐control study using a clinically well‐defined group of 30 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients and 110 control subjects, homozygosity for interleukin‐1A (IL‐1A) allele 2 (high secretor of proinflammatory cytokine) in the regulatory region (‐889) of the IL‐1A gene was associated with a fivefold increased risk for MSA. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Body weight gain rate in patients with Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation
Authors: Barichella Michela , Marczewska Agnieszka M. , Mariani Claudio , Landi Andrea , Vairo Antonella , Pezzoli Gianni 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe evaluated body weight changes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) after electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in relation to clinical improvement. Thirty PD patients who received STN DBS were included (22 men, 8 women; mean age, 60.0 ± 7.1 years; mean PD duration, 13.5 ± 3.7 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 21.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2). Body weight, physical activity, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores were noted before and 3 and 12 months after the procedure. Significant weight gain occurred in 29 patients; the mean increase was 14.8 ± 9.8% of initial body weight in 1 year. Of the patients, 46.5% reported weight gain in the first 3 months, 21.4% gradual weight gain in the first 6 months, and 32.1% a slow increase for 1 year. Mean BMI increased up to 24.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2. After 1 year, mean UPDRS motor score improved significantly in off and in on; and therapy complications improved by 91.0 ± 17.0%. BMI changes at 3 and 12 months were significantly correlated to dyskinesia score changes, and levodopa dosage was not. In PD, STN DBS produces not only symptom control, but also weight gain. DBS candidates should be given nutritional counseling before the intervention to prevent rapid and/or excessive weight gain. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Theoretical and experimental 13C and 15N NMR investigation of guanylhydrazones in solution
Authors: Martins Tales L. C. , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Figueroa‐Villar José D. , Flores Alex F.C. , Pereira Cláudio M. P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractExperimental and theoretical 15N and 13C NMR data for the three nitrobenzaldehyde guanylhydrazones are reported. The theoretical data were obtained using sequential molecular dynamics/quantum mechanics methodology for the calculation of flexible molecules in a condensed phase, followed by the use of the GIAO/DFT method with the 6–311G** basis set. The experimental 15N chemical shifts for the guanylhydrazones are compared with the calculated shifts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disturbance attenuation of a class of non‐linear systems via output feedback
Authors: Lin Wei , Qian Chunjiang , Huang Xianqing 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of disturbance attenuation with internal stability via output feedback for a family of non‐linear systems. Using a feedback domination design which substantially differs from the separation principle, we explicitly construct a dynamic output compensator attenuating the disturbance's effect on the output to an arbitrary degree of accuracy in the L2‐gain sense, and achieving global asymptotic stability in the absence of disturbance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistent Decrease in Telomere Length in Parathyroid Tumors but Alteration in Telomerase Activity Limited to Malignancies: Preliminary Report
Authors: Kammori Makoto , Nakamura Ken‐Ichi , Kanauchi Hajime , Obara Takao , Kawahara Masaki , Mimura Yoshikazu , Kaminishi Michio , Takubo Kaiyo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTelomerase is known to be activated and telomere length altered in various types of malignant and benign tumors, but whether this is also the case for parathyroid lesions has hitherto been unclear. We therefore investigated telomerase activity and telomere length in 3 parathyroid metastatic cancers, 6 adenomas, 2 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia, and 16 samples of normal parathyroid tissue. Telomerase activity, assayed by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol, was detected in all of the parathyroid cancers (100%), in none of the 8 parathyroid benign lesions, and in only 1 of the 16 normal parathyroid samples (8.3%). Telomere length, determined by the terminal restriction fragment assay, was reduced in the tumor tissues with a mean telomere length of 8.23 ± 0.86 kbp compared with the 12.61 ± 0.81 kbp for the 16 age‐matched subjects (p = 0.002). The results indicate that telomerase activity and telomere length may reflect the biologic behavior of individual parathyroid lesions.
Radio‐guided Surgery for Lymph Node Recurrences of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Salvatori Massimo , Rufini Vittoria , Reale Francesca , Gajate Ana Maria Samanes , Maussier Maria Lodovica , Revelli Luca , Troncone Luigi , Ardito Guglielmo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to assess the reliability of radioiodine (131I) and a gamma probe for radio‐guided surgery (RGS) to detect and then radically dissect lymph node recurrences (LNRs) in 10 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The major inclusion criterion was the presence of an iodine‐positive LNR after previous total thyroidectomy and at least two ineffective 131I treatments. The protocol was designed as follows. Day 0: all patients were hospitalized and received 3.7 GBq of 131I in the hypothyroid condition. Day 3: presurgery whole‐body scan with a therapeutic dose (TxWBS). Day 5: neck surgery using a gamma probe (Navigator GPS, AutoSuture, Italy), recording the absolute counts and the lesion/background (L/B) counts ratio. Day 7: post‐surgery TxWBS performed using the remaining radioactivity. The presurgery TxWBS was positive in all patients, and the post‐surgery TxWBS showed a negative pattern in 7 of 10 patients, suggesting the efficacy of the surgical procedure in most of the patients. After RGS the mean decrease in the absolute counts and the L/B counts ratio were 77.6% (52.7% minimum, 94.6% maximum) and 77.4% (52.3% minimum, 94.8% maximum), respectively. After operation the surgeon judged the procedure to be decisive in two patients, favorable in six, and irrelevant in two. The final histologic examination showed the presence of 78 lymph node metastases (mean of 8 per patient). There were 33 neoplastic lesions found by both TxWBS and gamma probe evaluations; 41 were shown only by gamma probe, and 4 were negative by both TxWBS and gamma probe evaluations. This protocol permitted us to look for neoplastic foci with high sensitivity and specificity, and we were able to remove lymph node metastases resistant to radioiodine therapy at a single session. The protocol also allowed detection of some additional tumoral foci in sclerotic areas or behind vascular structures that are difficult to identify and were not seen at the presurgery TxWBS evaluation. However, because of the possible false‐negative results, complete excision must be undertaken in high risk patients with a local recurrence to eradicate the largest number of lymph nodes, independent of the counts measured by the gamma probe.
Trends in Incidence and Prevalence of Specialized Intestinal Metaplasia, Barrett’s Esophagus, and Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: Pera Manuel 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMost available information on the epidemiology of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) relates to patients with long segments (> 3 cm) of specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM). Its prevalence is 3% in patients undergoing endoscopy for reflux symptoms and 1% in those undergoing endoscopy for any clinical indication. The latter prevalence is similar to the 1% found in autopsy series. A “silent majority” with BE remain unrecognized in the general population. BE is more common in men, and the prevalence rises with age. Recent endoscopic series document a rise in the diagnosis of endoscopically apparent short segments (< 3 cm) of BE (SSBE). The prevalence of SSBE in both unselected and reflux patients is 8% to 12%. Specialized intestinal metaplasia at the cardia, below a normal‐appearing squamocolumnar junction, has been reported to vary from 6% to 25% in patients presenting for upper endoscopy. Unlike patients with long segment Barrett’s esophagus (LSBE), the role of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the pathogenesis of SSBE and SIM of the cardia is controversial. Recent data suggest that the etiology of SIM of the cardia might be secondary to Helicobacter pylori infection, although the role of other environmental factors cannot be ruled out. The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric juction (EGJ) has been increasing over the past 15 years in Western countries. Surgical series and population‐based studies show that by 1994 adenocarcinomas of the esophagus accounted for half of all esophageal cancer among white men. LSBE and SSBE predispose to the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and EGJ. The role of SIM of the cardia as a precursor lesion for EGJ adenocarcinoma is still unclear. The prevalences of dysplasia in LSBE and SSBE are around 6% and 8%, respectively. The incidence of adenocarcinoma in patients with LSBE is about 1 in 100 patient‐years. Cancer risk for SSBE and SIM at the cardia is unknown. Smoking and obesity increase the risk for esophageal and EGJ adenocarcinomas.
Surgical Approach to Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Distal Esophagus (Barrett’s Cancer)
Authors: Siewert J. Rüdiger , Stein Hubert J. , Feith Marcus 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBarrett’s carcinoma, usually arising in the distal esophagus, must be considered a separate entity from squamous cell esophageal cancer. Epidemiology, etiology, patients’ risk profiles, biology of metastases, and prognosis differ markedly between these two major esophageal tumor types. The preoperative work‐up of patients with Barrett’s cancer is primarily directed toward assessing the chances for R0 resection and estimating the risk of the patient to survive an esophagectomy. If R0 resection appears likely and the surgical risk is acceptable, the indication for an operative approach is given. From the oncologic point of view there is no difference between a radical transmediastinal approach and a transthoracic approach. A possible advantage of a transthoracic approach is the extension of lymphadenectomy to the upper mediastinum. Lymph node metastases in the upper mediastinum, however, usually indicate advanced lymphatic and subclinical systemic tumor dissemination, i.e., a poor prognosis even with extended surgery. Consequently the controversies about the surgical approach are reduced to technical and functional aspects. A better swallowing function argues for an intrathoracic anastomosis; the lower morbidity, for a cervical approach. We prefer transthoracic en bloc esophagectomy with an intrathoracic anastomosis in patients with moderate risk and early tumor stages. In all other patients radical transmediastinal esophagectomy with a cervical anastomosis is the procedure of choice. The overall 5‐year survival rate of more than 40%, which is superior to most published data, supports this therapeutic strategy.
Challenges of Teaching Surgery: Ethical Framework
Authors: Raja Asad J. , Levin Alex V. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSurgeons, trainees, and patients may be uncomfortable with the secrecy that surrounds the process of teaching and learning surgical procedures. Well structured training programs use a system of graded responsibility, supervision, and evaluation to ensure skill development and patient safety. Patient outcomes are generally excellent in training institutions. Disclosure of the role of trainees and their contribution to care enhances trust.
Cancer of the Parotid Gland: Role of 7th Nerve Preservation
Authors: Spiro Jeffrey D. , Spiro Ronald H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMost neoplasms arising in the parotid gland are benign. Patients with cancer of the parotid gland usually present with normal facial nerve function. In these patients, findings at the time of surgery will guide the management of the facial nerve, with most surgeons preserving the nerve unless it is adherent to, or imbedded in, a malignant tumor. In cases where the margins of resection are close to the facial nerve, adjuvant radiotherapy administered postoperatively has significantly improved local control of disease. The minority of patients with parotid cancer who present with facial nerve palsy has a poor prognosis despite extensive surgical resection including the facial nerve.
Cardiovascular responsiveness to brief cognitive challenges and pain sensitivity in women
Authors: Vassend Olav , Knardahl Stein 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe primary purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between cardiovascular (CV) responsiveness to brief cognitive tasks and pain sensitivity in normotensive individuals. Fifty‐eight healthy women without a history of chronic pain were exposed to three laboratory tasks (reading aloud, speech task, and tracking task) and repeated pain testing (electrocutaneous and pressure pain stimulation) while mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded. Generally, subjects with higher HR responsiveness to the cognitive tasks displayed a reduced pain sensitivity, particularly to electrocutaneous pain stimulation. Moreover, the two types of pain stimulation seemed to trigger somewhat different CV response patterns. Inclusion of pain‐related CV changes as control variables affected the relationship between HR responsiveness and pain sensitivity, although differently for electrocutaneous and pressure pain. However, inclusion of psychological control variables had no significant effects. Although relatively large CV changes were observed during the experimental tasks, small and insignificant changes in simultaneous or subsequent electrocutaneous pain sensitivity occurred. However, significant increases in pressure pain threshold and tolerance occurred after the speech task, during which MAP level was at its highest. The present findings support the hypothesis that pain sensitivity and CV response share a common mechanism, which, however, is not necessarily linked to either elevated blood pressure levels or other risk factors for hypertension.
A descriptive analysis of PTSD chronicity in Vietnam veterans
Authors: Schnurr Paula P. , Lunney Carole A. , Sengupta Anjana , Waelde Lynn C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study examined the chronicity of PTSD in 530 male and female Vietnam veterans who were drawn from 2 large, ethnically diverse samples. Delayed onset was common, as was a failure to fully remit: 78% of the 239 veterans with full or partial lifetime PTSD were symptomatic in the 3 months prior to assessment. Cluster analysis identified 4 subtypes of posttraumatic response, with women most likely to be in a delayed onset cluster, and minority men most likely to be in a severe chronic cluster. The extent of chronicity observed in this sample underscores the need for treatments that address the persistence of posttraumatic symptoms.
Modality and placement of a pedagogical adviser in individual interactive learning
Authors: Dempsey John V. , Eck Richard Van 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFifty‐eight graduate students in an education programme took a 40‐minute computer‐based instructional module on introductory statistics with a built‐in solicited guidance mechanism. Students were randomly assigned to programs that used one of four types of advisement: on‐screen digitised video of a human adviser, on‐screen text‐based adviser, pull‐down digitised video of a human adviser or pull‐down text‐based adviser. Results indicated that the on‐screen video‐based adviser condition resulted in higher adviser use than both the text‐based and video‐based pull‐down adviser conditions. Adviser use was significantly correlated with performance during instruction, with time spent during instruction and with television hours watched per week, but not with retention scores. Two non‐significant but suggestive findings were that the video‐based on‐screen advisers were used twice as much as text‐based on‐screen advisers, and active learners used advisement three times as often as passive learners.