bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of digitization and conventional techniques on the fit of fixed partial dentures FPDs: systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Saeed Esraa A. M. , Alaghbari Samar S. , Lin Niu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the study
The goal behind this study is to answer the question “In tooth-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs), does the digital impression techniques compared to fabrications using conventional impression methods improve the marginal and internal fit?

Background
The incorporation of digital technology in the fabrication of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) has accelerated over the past decade. This study is directed at evaluating the marginal and internal fit of FPDs manufactured using digital approaches compared to conventional techniques. The need for updated data has encouraged this review.

Materials and methods
An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Grey Database to identify relevant studies. The Modified Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the risk of bias in in vitro experiments.
The key results of this meta-analysis were the standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each main variance, marginal fit, and internal fit between the digital and conventional techniques.
Additional analyses were performed to assess the significance of three subgroup parameters: method of digitalization, cement spacer thickness, and span length, and their influence on the fit of the FPDs.

Results
Based on predefined criteria, of the seven articles included in this systematic review, only five were selected for the quantitative data analysis. The marginal fit results were (P = 0.06; SMD: -1.88; 95% CI: − 3.88, 0.11) (P > 0.05) and the internal fit results were (P = 0.02; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.10) (P < 0.05).
Regarding the subgroup analyses, the method of digitalization subgroup results were (P = 0.35; SMD: -1.89; 95% CI: − 3.89, 0.11) and (P = 0.80; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.11) for marginal and internal fit, respectively. The span length results were (P = 0.10; SMD: -1.89; 95% CI: − 3.89, 0.11) for marginal fit and (P = 0.02; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.11) for internal fit. The cement spacer thickness (P = 0.01; SMD: -1.89; 95% CI: − 3.89, 0.11) and (P = 0.04; SMD: -0.80; 95% CI: − 1.49, − 0.11) for marginal and internal fit, respectively.

Conclusion
Tooth-retained fixed partial dentures FPDs produced by digital scanning and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems can significantly enhance the internal fit compared with those manufactured by traditional methods.
Intraoral scanners can replace conventional impressions for the fabrication of FPDs because they minimize the operating time and reduce patient pain.
Further clinical studies are required to obtain more conclusive results.

Systematic review registration
This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42021261397.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Ghasemi Saeideh , Farokhpour Fataneh , Mortezagholi Bardia , Movahed Emad , Ghaedi Arshin , Gargari Morad Kohandel , Khanzadeh Monireh , Bazrgar Aida , Khanzadeh Shokoufeh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize all studies that reported the level of oxidative and antioxidative markers in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients compared to controls.

Methods
We registered our study in PROSPERO (CRD42023431310). PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched to find relevant publications up to June 5, 2023. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We included 30 articles after multiple stags of screening.

Results
We found that erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = − 1.00, 95%CI = -1.79 to -0.21, p = 0.013, and SMD = − 1.90, 95%CI = -3.43 to -0.38, p = 0.01, Respectively). However, there was not any difference between patients with RAS and healthy controls in erythrocyte Catalase (SMD = − 0.71, 95%CI = -1.56–0.14, p = 0.10). The total antioxidant status (TAS) level, in serum was significantly lower in patients than healthy controls (SMD = − 0.98, 95%CI = -1.57 to -0.39, p = 0.001). In addition, RAS patients had higher levels of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Serum total oxidant status, and serum oxidative stress index than healthy controls (SMD = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.43–2.79, p < 0.001, SMD = 1.53, 95%CI = 0.34–2.72, p = 0.01, and SMD = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.25–2.25, p = 0.014, Respectively); However, salivary MDA and TAS, and serum uric acid, vitamin E and C, and reduced glutathione levels of patients with RAS were not different from that of healthy controls.

Conclusions
The relationship between oxidative stress and RAS is well established in this meta-analysis. Although the molecular processes underlying the etiology of this pathology remain unknown, evidence indicating oxidative stress has a significant role in the pathogenesis of RAS has been revealed.
The meaning of dying and death for children, their carers, and families: a scoping review
Authors: Lamb Christina M. , Ramer Kianna , Amodu Oluwakemi , Groenenboom Kelsey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The meaning of dying and death are underexplored concepts for Canadian children. Subsequently, it is unclear how children and stakeholders make meaning of children’s holistic health needs at the end of life.

Methods
A scoping review of the international scholarly literature was conducted. Thirteen data sources were searched to search the scholarly literature without date limits until January 2022. Studies were included on the basis of population: children (aged 0–19 years), families and caregivers; setting (in Canada and end-of-life or dying phases of living) and concepts of interest (dying and death).

Results
Of the 7377 studies identified, 12 were included for data extraction and content thematic analysis. The themes and subthemes include: 1) valuing the whole person; 2) living while dying; 3) authentic death talk; 4) a supportive approach (with lack and presence of support as subthemes); and, 5) a personalist approach.

Conclusions
There is a pressing need for research into the meaning of dying and death for children, their carers and families in Canada. Lack of holistic care, authentic death talk, specialized pediatric palliative care providers, a personalist approach and communities of support present major gaps in care for Canadian children. Research is urgently needed to address these knowledge gaps to generate policy and support practice for dying children in Canada.
Factors influencing the help-seeking behavior in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a qualitative study
Authors: Jiao Yu-Chen , Chang Jing , Liu Chang , Zhou Shi-Yu , Ji Yan , Meng Yao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The early diagnosis and intervention of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients is expected to delay the progression of AD. Delayed treatment will lead to MCI patients missing the best intervention expectation. At present, the medical help-seeking behavior of this group is not optimistic. This study aimed to explore influencing factors of help-seeking behavior among patients with MCI in China based on the help-seeking behavior model.

Methods
Twenty-two patients with MCI were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews via purposeful sampling with a qualitative, descriptive design. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

Results
The study revealed the main influencing factors of help-seeking behavior among MCI patients in China included perceived disease threat, symptom attribution, disease knowledge, use of cognitive compensation strategies, sense of foreseeable burden, social support, economic condition, and accessibility of medical service.

Conclusions
The help-seeking behavior of patients with MCI is affected by multiple factors. There are some key factors in different stages of the help-seeking process. Healthcare providers can utilize these factors to design targeted interventions for promoting early help-seeking of patients with MCI.
Key m6A regulators mediated methylation modification pattern and immune infiltration characterization in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Yixi , Qi Can , Guo Yiwen , Li Xuefeng , Zhu Zebin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification plays a critical role in various human biological processes. However, there has been no study reported to elucidate its role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study was aimed to explore the expression pattern together with the potential functions of m6A regulators in hepatic IRI.

Methods
The gene expression data (GSE23649) of m6A regulators in human liver tissue samples before cold perfusion and within 2 h after portal vein perfusion from Gene Expression Omnibus database was analyzed. The candidate m6A regulators were screened using random forest (RF) model to predict the risk of hepatic IRI. The evaluation of infiltrating abundance of 23 immune cells was performed using single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Besides, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was carried out to validate the expression of key m6A regulators in mouse hepatic IRI model.

Results
The expressions of WTAP, CBLL1, RBM15, and YTHDC1 were found to be increased in liver tissues 2 h after portal vein perfusion; in contrast, the expressions of LRPPRC, FTO, METTL3, and ALKBH5 were decreased. Based on RF model, we identified eight m6A methylation regulators for the prediction of the risk of hepatic IRI. Besides, a nomogram was built to predict the probability of hepatic IRI. In addition, the levels of WTAP, ALKBH5, CBLL1, FTO, RBM15B, LRPPRC and YTHDC1 were correlated with the immune infiltration of activated CD4 T cell, activated dendritic cell (DC), immature DC, mast cell, neutrophil, plasmacytoid DC, T helper (Th) cell (type 1, 2, and 17), gamma delta T cell, T follicular helper (Tfh) cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), macrophage, natural killer cell, and regulatory Th cell. Among mouse hepatic IRI model, the mRNA level of CBLL1 and YTHDC1 was increased with statistical significance; however, the mRNA level of FTO and METTL3 was decreased among post-reperfusion liver samples compared with those in pre-reperfusion samples with statistical significance.

Conclusions
The m6A regulators exerted a pivotal impact on hepatic IRI. The m6A patterns that found in this study might provide novel targets and strategies for the alleviation/treatment of hepatic IRI in the future.
Rotundic acid improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by regulating glycolysis and the TLR4/AP1 signaling pathway
Authors: Shi Xing-Yang , Zheng Xiao-Min , Liu Hui-Jie , Han Xue , Zhang Lei , Hu Bei , Li Shan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Steatosis and inflammation are the hallmarks of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rotundic acid (RA) is among the key triterpenes of Ilicis Rotundae Cortex and has exhibited multipronged effects in terms of lowering the lipid content and alleviating inflammation. The study objective is to systematically evaluate the potential mechanisms through which RA affects the development and progression of NASH.

Methods
Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of primary hepatocytes isolated from the control, high-fat diet-induced NASH, and RA treatment groups were performed through Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment. Hub genes were identified through network analysis. Integrative analysis revealed key RA-regulated pathways, which were verified by gene and protein expression studies and cell assays.

Results
Hub genes were identified and enriched in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/activator protein-1 (AP1) signaling pathway and glycolysis pathway. RA reversed glycolysis and attenuated the TLR4/AP1 pathway, thereby reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation. Additionally, lactate release in L-02 cells increased with NaAsO2-treated and significantly decreased with RA treatment, thus revealing that RA had a major impact on glycolysis.

Conclusions
RA is effective in lowering the lipid content and reducing inflammation in mice with NASH by ameliorating glycolysis and TLR4/AP1 pathways, which contributes to the existing knowledge and potentially sheds light on the development of therapeutic interventions for patients with NASH.
Tools, frameworks and resources to guide global action on strengthening rural health systems: a mapping review
Authors: Pamungkas Dewi Retno , O’Sullivan Belinda , McGrail Matthew , Chater Bruce 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Inequities of health outcomes persist in rural populations globally. This is strongly associated with there being less health coverage in rural and underserviced areas. Increasing health care coverage in rural area requires rural health system strengthening, which subsequently necessitates having tools to guide action.

Objective
This mapping review aimed to describe the range of tools, frameworks and resources (hereafter called tools) available globally for rural health system capacity building.

Methods
This study collected peer-reviewed materials published in 15-year period (2005–2020). A systematic mapping review process identified 149 articles for inclusion, related to 144 tools that had been developed, implemented, and/or evaluated (some tools reported over multiple articles) which were mapped against the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) six health system building blocks (agreed as the elements that need to be addressed to strengthen health systems).

Results
The majority of tools were from high- and middle-income countries (n = 85, 59% and n = 43, 29%, respectively), and only 17 tools (12%) from low-income countries. Most tools related to the health service building block (n = 57, 39%), or workforce (n = 33, 23%). There were a few tools related to information and leadership and governance (n = 8, 5% each). Very few tools related to infrastructure (n = 3, 2%) and financing (n = 4, 3%). This mapping review also provided broad quality appraisal, showing that the majority of the tools had been evaluated or validated, or both (n = 106, 74%).

Conclusion
This mapping review provides evidence that there is a breadth of tools available for health system strengthening globally along with some gaps where no tools were identified for specific health system building blocks. Furthermore, most tools were developed and applied in HIC/MIC and it is important to consider factors that influence their utility in LMIC settings. It may be important to develop new tools related to infrastructure and financing. Tools that have been positively evaluated should be made available to all rural communities, to ensure comprehensive global action on rural health system strengthening.
Challenges and progress of neurodrug: bioactivities, production and delivery strategies of nerve growth factor protein
Authors: Zhou Nan , Gu TingWei , Xu Yang , Liu Yuda , Peng LiHua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) is a vital cytokine that plays a crucial role in the development and regeneration of the nervous system. It has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various neural diseases. However, as a protein drug, limited natural source seriously hinders its translation and clinical applications. Conventional extraction of NGF from mouse submandibular glands has a very high cost and potentially induces immunogenicity; total synthesis and semi-synthesis methods are alternatives, but have difficulty in obtaining correct protein structure; gene engineering of plant cells is thought to be non-immunogenic, bioactive and economical. Meanwhile, large molecular weight, high polarity, and negative electrical charge make it difficult for NGF to cross the blood brain barrier to reach therapeutic targets. Current delivery strategies mainly depend on the adenovirus and cell biodelivery, but the safety and efficacy remain to be improved. New materials are widely investigated for the controllable, safe and precise delivery of NGF. This review illustrates physiological and therapeutic effects of NGF for various diseases. Moreover, new progress in production and delivery technologies for NGF are summarized. Bottlenecks encountered in the development of NGF as therapeutics are also discussed with the countermeasures proposed.
Potential of acetic acid to restore methane production in anaerobic reactors critically intoxicated by ammonia as evidenced by metabolic and microbial monitoring
Authors: Lemaigre Sébastien , Gerin Patrick A. , Adam Gilles , Klimek Dominika , Goux Xavier , Herold Malte , Frkova Zuzana , Calusinska Magdalena , Delfosse Philippe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Biogas and biomethane production from the on-farm anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal manure and agri-food wastes could play a key role in transforming Europe’s energy system by mitigating its dependence on fossil fuels and tackling the climate crisis. Although ammonia is essential for microbial growth, it inhibits the AD process if present in high concentrations, especially under its free form, thus leading to economic losses. In this study, which includes both metabolic and microbial monitoring, we tested a strategy to restore substrate conversion to methane in AD reactors facing critical free ammonia intoxication.

Results
The AD process of three mesophilic semi-continuous 100L reactors critically intoxicated by free ammonia (> 3.5 g_N L−1; inhibited hydrolysis and heterotrophic acetogenesis; interrupted methanogenesis) was restored by applying a strategy that included reducing pH using acetic acid, washing out total ammonia with water, re-inoculation with active microbial flora and progressively re-introducing sugar beet pulp as a feed substrate. After 5 weeks, two reactors restarted to hydrolyse the pulp and produced CH4 from the methylotrophic methanogenesis pathway. The acetoclastic pathway remained inhibited due to the transient dominance of a strictly methylotrophic methanogen (Candidatus Methanoplasma genus) to the detriment of Methanosarcina. Concomitantly, the third reactor, in which Methanosarcina remained dominant, produced CH4 from the acetoclastic pathway but faced hydrolysis inhibition. After 11 weeks, the hydrolysis, the acetoclastic pathway and possibly the hydrogenotrophic pathway were functional in all reactors. The methylotrophic pathway was no longer favoured. Although syntrophic propionate oxidation remained suboptimal, the final pulp to CH4 conversion ratio (0.41 ± 0.10 LN_CH4 g_VS−1) was analogous to the pulp biochemical methane potential (0.38 ± 0.03 LN_CH4 g_VS−1).

Conclusions
Despite an extreme free ammonia intoxication, the proposed process recovery strategy allowed CH4 production to be restored in three intoxicated reactors within 8 weeks, a period during which re-inoculation appeared to be crucial to sustain the process. Introducing acetic acid allowed substantial CH4 production during the recovery period. Furthermore, the initial pH reduction promoted ammonium capture in the slurry, which could allow the field application of the effluents produced by full-scale digesters recovering from ammonia intoxication.
Rapid insecticide resistance bioassays for three major urban insects in Taiwan
Authors: Pai Hsiu-Hua , Chang Chun-Yung , Lin Kai-Chen , Hsu Err-Lieh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Taiwan’s warm and humid climate and dense population provide a suitable environment for the breeding of pests. The three major urban insects in Taiwan are house flies, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. In cases where a disease outbreak or high pest density necessitates chemical control, selecting the most effective insecticide is crucial. The resistance of pests to the selected environmental insecticide must be rapidly assessed to achieve effective chemical control and reduce environmental pollution.

Methods
In this study, we evaluated the resistance of various pests, namely, house flies (Musca domestica L.), cockroaches (Blattella germanica L. and Periplaneta americana), and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus) against 10 commonly used insecticides. Rapid insecticide resistance bioassays were performed using discriminating doses or concentrations of the active ingredients of insecticides.

Results
Five field strains of M. domestica (L.) are resistant to all 10 commonly used insecticides and exhibit cross- and multiple resistance to four types of pyrethroids and three types of organophosphates, propoxur, fipronil, and imidacloprid. None of the five field strains of P. americana are resistant to any of the tested insecticides, and only one strain of B. germanica (L.) is resistant to permethrin. One strain of Ae. albopictus is resistant to pirimiphos-methyl, whereas five strains of Ae. aegypti exhibit multiple resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and other insecticides.

Conclusions
In the event of a disease outbreak or high pest density, rapid insecticide resistance bioassays may be performed using discriminating doses or concentrations to achieve precise and effective chemical control, reduce environmental pollution, and increase control efficacy.

Graphical Abstract
Seroprevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among students in two senior high schools in the Krachi Nchumuru district in Ghana-A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nyambah Patrick K. , Agjei Richard , Sarfo Bismark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
There is paucity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) data among student populations although Ghana is HBV endemic. Screening and identification of factors associated with HBV transmission in schools will support the intervention in the elimination of the virus by 2030. This study assessed the seroprevalence and factors associated with HBV among students in two Senior High Schools in the Krachi Nchumuru District in Ghana.

Methods
Through cross-sectional design and simple random sampling technique, 300 first-year students were enrolled from selected Senior High Schools. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic and exposure factors while rapid test kit was used to detect HBV infections. Chi-square/Fisher exact test and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine the association between the variables at a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 significant level.

Results
Seroprevalence of HBV was 14% (42/300) among the students. The prevalence was significantly (p = 0.001) higher in males 19.4% (34/175) than females 6.4% (8/125). 77.7% (233/300) were aware of HBV infection. Males who were circumcised were 4 times more likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 4.09, 95%CI = 1.82–9.19) (p = 0.001) compared with those uncircumcised.

Conclusion
HBV screening and education on hygienic genital circumcision practices must be prioritized in endemic countries.