bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Applicability of Direct Analytic Method (DAM) to Normal Modes of Poloidal Oscillations Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Boundary Conditions
Authors: Adhitya P. , Bulusu Jayashree , Sinha A. K. , Vichare Geeta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA working Direct Analytic Method (DAM) model is envisaged to explain the normal modes of poloidal Alfven waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. The model solves the ideal, cold, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations associated with transverse components of the magnetic perturbations in a dipolar magnetic field. DAM model is used to study the transverse poloidal waves in different regions of magnetosphere characterized by their L‐value and different plasma variability. The plasma density distribution is assumed to be governed by the standard power law, 1/rm, where r is the geocentric distance of any point of interest on the field line and m is the density index. The eigen frequencies and spatial structures are obtained analytically under different ideal ionospheric boundary conditions and the results are compared with the numerical solutions to establish the validity of the model. DAM, being an analytic model, is used to explain the distinctive structural features of transverse poloidal waves which are obtained under different boundary conditions, for different density indices. Furthermore, the application of the analytic model in the computation of eigen frequency as well as plasma density is demonstrated under different observational scenario.
A Comprehensive Probabilistic Flood Assessment Accounting for Hydrograph Variability of ESL Events
Authors: Kupfer Sunna , MacPherson Leigh R. , Hinkel Jochen , Arns Arne , Vafeidis Athanasios T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlood characteristics caused by extreme sea level (ESL) events depend largely on the magnitude of peak water levels (WLs) and their temporal evolution. However, coastal flood risk is generally assessed based on only a limited number of potential peak WLs and a selection of past events or a design hydrograph. We address this gap and systematically estimate (a) spatial annual and (b) event‐based flood probabilities by comprehensively accounting for both a wide range of peak ESLs and their temporal evolution, herein referred to as hydrograph intensity. We simulate flooding at the German Baltic Sea coast with the hydrodynamic model Delft3D. We produce probabilistic flood maps, which detail flood exposed areas together with annual probability of flooding. Additionally, we show how the flood extent changes, when accounting for upper, median, and lower quantiles of hydrograph intensities. Our results demonstrate that the relevance of the intensity is site and ESL dependent. While flood extents of some ESLs of the upper and lower intensity bounds indicate no differences, others differ by up to 45%. Further, we consider two ESLs (2.24 and 2.55 m) and simulate 100 intensities for each. Compared to intensity quantiles, this results in flood extents of up to 60% difference. Hence, we find that quantiles of intensity do not cover the full range when addressing uncertainty due to hydrograph variability. We, therefore, recommend accounting for a wide range of hydrograph intensities in addition to using a wide range of ESL in future flood risk assessments.
Integrating Climatological‐Hydrodynamic Modeling and Paleohurricane Records to Assess Storm Surge Risk
Authors: Begmohammadi Amirhosein , Blackshaw Christine Y. , Lin Ning , Gori Avantika , Wallace Elizabeth , Emanuel Kerry , Donnelly Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSediment cores from blue holes have emerged as a promising tool for extending the record of long‐term tropical cyclone (TC) activity. However, interpreting this archive is challenging because storm surge depends on many parameters including TC intensity, track, and size. In this study, we use climatological‐hydrodynamic modeling to interpret paleohurricane sediment records between 1851 and 2016 and assess the storm surge risk for Long Island in The Bahamas. As the historical TC data from 1988 to 2016 is too limited to estimate the surge risk for this area, we use historical event attribution in paleorecords paired with synthetic storm modeling to estimate TC parameters that are often lacking in earlier historical records (i.e., the radius of maximum wind for storms before 1988). We then reconstruct storm surges at the sediment site for a longer time period of 1851–2016 (the extent of hurricane Best Track records). The reconstructed surges are used to verify and bias‐correct the climatological‐hydrodynamic modeling results. The analysis reveals a significant risk for Long Island in The Bahamas, with an estimated 500‐year stormtide of around 1.63 ± 0.26 m, slightly exceeding the largest recorded level at site between 1988 and 2015. Finally, we apply the bias‐corrected climatological‐hydrodynamic modeling to quantify the surge risk under two carbon emission scenarios. Due to sea level rise and TC climatology change, the 500‐year stormtide would become 2.69 ± 0.50 and 3.29 ± 0.82 m for SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5, respectively by the end of the 21st century.
Crater Populations of the Saturnian Satellites Mimas, Rhea, and Iapetus
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. , Bierhaus Edward B. , Dones Luke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Saturnian system has been explored by four spacecraft: Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and Cassini. Only the last three took images suitable for photogeologic analysis of the surfaces of Saturn's moons, and over the decades, several research groups have published data about the crater distributions on the Saturnian satellites. These groups have used those data to draw conclusions about the impactor populations and resurfacing histories of the moons, but no one has examined how well the different data agree between the researchers. We present independent mapping of the crater populations of Saturn's moons Mimas, Rhea, and Iapetus, and compare them with many published crater populations. We found that Mimas data are the most consistent between different researchers, and Rhea data are the least consistent. We attribute these differences to (a) data biases where there are fewer images upon which to map Mimantean craters but a large variety exist for Rhean, and (b) Rhea likely has different terrains with different impact crater populations which have not been generally recognized before. We also found that Iapetus' small craters appear to have a shallow branch, as others have found, and that shallow branch is not attributable to completeness limitations. Other bodies have shallow branches at small diameters, too, but they are not as shallow as Iapetus's, which suggests varying impacting populations as one moves closer to Saturn, in line with others' work on planetocentric impactors.
Integration of multiple flexible electrodes for real-time detection of barrier formation with spatial resolution in a gut-on-chip system
Authors: Lucchetti Mara , Werr Gabriel , Johansson Sofia , Barbe Laurent , Grandmougin Léa , Wilmes Paul , Tenje Maria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn healthy individuals, the intestinal epithelium forms a tight barrier to prevent gut bacteria from reaching blood circulation. To study the effect of probiotics, dietary compounds and drugs on gut barrier formation and disruption, human gut epithelial and bacterial cells can be cocultured in an in vitro model called the human microbial crosstalk (HuMiX) gut-on-a-chip system. Here, we present the design, fabrication and integration of thin-film electrodes into the HuMiX platform to measure transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) as a direct readout on barrier tightness in real-time. As various aspects of the HuMiX platform have already been set in their design, such as multiple compressible layers, uneven surfaces and nontransparent materials, a novel fabrication method was developed whereby thin-film metal electrodes were first deposited on flexible substrates and sequentially integrated with the HuMiX system via a transfer-tape approach. Moreover, to measure localized TEER along the cell culture chamber, we integrated multiple electrodes that were connected to an impedance analyzer via a multiplexer. We further developed a dynamic normalization method because the active measurement area depends on the measured TEER levels. The fabrication process and system setup can be applicable to other barrier-on-chip systems. As a proof-of-concept, we measured the barrier formation of a cancerous Caco-2 cell line in real-time, which was mapped at four spatially separated positions along the HuMiX culture area.
ERCC1 abundance is an indicator of DNA repair-apoptosis decision upon DNA damage
Authors: Erdemir Sayan Sule , Sreekumar Rahul , Bhome Rahul , Mirnezami Alex , Yagci Tamer , Sayan A. Emre 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDNA repair is essential for successful propagation of genetic material and fidelity of transcription. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the earliest DNA repair mechanisms, functionally conserved from bacteria to human. The fact that number of NER genes vary significantly between prokaryotes and metazoans gives the insight that NER proteins have evolved to acquire additional functions to combat challenges associated with a diploid genome, including being involved in the decision between DNA repair and apoptosis. However, no direct association between apoptosis and NER proteins has been shown to date. In this study, we induced apoptosis with a variety of agents, including oxaliplatin, doxorubicin and TRAIL, and observed changes in the abundance and molecular weight of NER complex proteins. Our results showed that XPA, XPC and ERCC1 protein levels change during DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Among these, ERCC1 decrease was observed as a pre-mitochondria depolarisation event which marks the “point of no return” in apoptosis signalling. ERCC1 decrease was due to proteasomal degradation upon lethal doses of oxaliplatin exposure. When ERCC1 protein was stabilised using proteasome inhibitors, the pro-apoptotic activity of oxaliplatin was attenuated. These results explain why clinical trials using proteasome inhibitors and platinum derivatives showed limited efficacy in carcinoma treatment and also the importance of how deep understanding of DNA repair mechanisms can improve cancer therapy.
The roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development, homeostasis and disease
Authors: Wu Mengrui , Wu Shali , Chen Wei , Li Yi-Ping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte lineage commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals through SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways; specifically, they recruit different receptor heterotetramers and R-Smad complexes, resulting in unique biological readouts. BMPs promote osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and chondrogenesis at all differentiation stages, while TGF-βs play different roles in a stage-dependent manner. BMPs and TGF-β have opposite functions in articular cartilage homeostasis. Moreover, TGF-β has a specific role in maintaining the osteocyte network. The precise activation of BMP and TGF-β signaling requires regulatory machinery at multiple levels, including latency control in the matrix, extracellular antagonists, ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, nucleus-cytoplasm transportation, and transcriptional co-regulation in the nuclei. This review weaves the background information with the latest advances in the signaling facilitated by TGF-βs and BMPs, and the advanced understanding of their diverse physiological functions and regulations. This review also summarizes the human diseases and mouse models associated with disordered TGF-β and BMP signaling. A more precise understanding of the BMP and TGF-β signaling could facilitate the development of bona fide clinical applications in treating bone and cartilage disorders.
Revealing the hidden carbon in forested wetland soils
Authors: Stewart Anthony J. , Halabisky Meghan , Babcock Chad , Butman David E. , D’Amore David V. , Moskal L. Monika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInland wetlands are critical carbon reservoirs storing 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) within 6% of the land surface. However, forested regions contain SOC-rich wetlands that are not included in current maps, which we refer to as ‘cryptic carbon’. Here, to demonstrate the magnitude and distribution of cryptic carbon, we measure and map SOC stocks as a function of a continuous, upland-to-wetland gradient across the Hoh River Watershed (HRW) in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S., comprising 68,145 ha. Total catchment SOC at 30 cm depth (5.0 TgC) is between estimates from global SOC maps (GSOC: 3.9 TgC; SoilGrids: 7.8 TgC). For wetland SOC, our 1 m stock estimates are substantially higher (Mean: 259 MgC ha−1; Total: 1.7 TgC) compared to current wetland-specific SOC maps derived from a combination of U.S. national datasets (Mean: 184 MgC ha−1; Total: 0.3 TgC). We show that total unmapped or cryptic carbon is 1.5 TgC and when added to current estimates, increases the estimated wetland SOC stock to 1.8 TgC or by 482%, which highlights the vast stores of SOC that are not mapped and contained in unprotected and vulnerable wetlands.
An extended substrate screening strategy enabling a low lattice mismatch for highly reversible zinc anodes
Authors: Zheng Zhiyang , Zhong Xiongwei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Mengtian , Dai Lixin , Xiao Xiao , Xu Jiahe , Jiao Miaolun , Wang Boran , Li Hong , Jia Yeyang , Mao Rui , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc batteries possess intrinsic safety and cost-effectiveness, but dendrite growth and side reactions of zinc anodes hinder their practical application. Here, we propose the extended substrate screening strategy for stabilizing zinc anodes and verify its availability (dsubstrate: dZn(002) = 1: 1→dsubstrate: dZn(002)=n:1, n = 1, 2). From a series of calculated phyllosilicates satisfying dsubstrate ≈ 2dZn(002), we select vermiculite, which has the lowest lattice mismatch (0.38%) reported so far, as the model to confirm the effectiveness of “2dZn(002)” substrates for zinc anodes protection. Then, we develop a monolayer porous vermiculite through a large-scale and green preparation as a functional coating for zinc electrodes. Unique “planting Zn(002) seeds” mechanism for “2dZn(002)” substrates is revealed to induce the oriented growth of zinc deposits. Additionally, the coating effectively inhibits side reactions and promotes zinc ion transport. Consequently, the modified symmetric cells operate stably for over 300 h at a high current density of 50 mA cm−2. This work extends the substrate screening strategy and advances the understanding of zinc nucleation mechanism, paving the way for realizing high-rate and stable zinc-metal batteries.
Interplay between ATRX and IDH1 mutations governs innate immune responses in diffuse gliomas
Authors: Hariharan Seethalakshmi , Whitfield Benjamin T. , Pirozzi Christopher J. , Waitkus Matthew S. , Brown Michael C. , Bowie Michelle L. , Irvin David M. , Roso Kristen , Fuller Rebecca , Hostettler Janell , Dharmaiah Sharvari , Gibson Emiley A. , Briley Aaron , Mangoli Avani , Fraley Casey , Shobande Mariah , Stevenson Kevin , Zhang Gao , Malgulwar Prit Benny , Roberts Hannah , Roskoski Martin , Spasojevic Ivan , Keir Stephen T. , He Yiping , Castro Maria G. , Huse Jason T. , Ashley David M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStimulating the innate immune system has been explored as a therapeutic option for the treatment of gliomas. Inactivating mutations in ATRX, defining molecular alterations in IDH-mutant astrocytomas, have been implicated in dysfunctional immune signaling. However, little is known about the interplay between ATRX loss and IDH mutation on innate immunity. To explore this, we generated ATRX-deficient glioma models in the presence and absence of the IDH1R132H mutation. ATRX-deficient glioma cells are sensitive to dsRNA-based innate immune agonism and exhibit impaired lethality and increased T-cell infiltration in vivo. However, the presence of IDH1R132H dampens baseline expression of key innate immune genes and cytokines in a manner restored by genetic and pharmacological IDH1R132H inhibition. IDH1R132H co-expression does not interfere with the ATRX deficiency-mediated sensitivity to dsRNA. Thus, ATRX loss primes cells for recognition of dsRNA, while IDH1R132H reversibly masks this priming. This work reveals innate immunity as a therapeutic vulnerability of astrocytomas.
C-SuFEx linkage of sulfonimidoyl fluorides and organotrifluoroborates
Authors: Zhao Suqin , Zeng Daming , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSulfur(VI) fluoride exchange, a new type of linkage reaction, has excellent potential for application in functional molecule linkage to prepare pharmaceuticals, biomolecules, and polymers. Herein, a C-SuFEx reaction is established to achieve fast (in minutes) linkage between sulfonimidoyl fluorides and aryl/alkyl organotrifluoroborates. Potassium organotrifluoroborates are instantaneously activated via a substoichiometric amount of trimethylsilyl triflate to afford organodifluoroboranes, releasing BF3 as an activating reagent in situ. This sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange technique is capable of forming S(VI)-C(alkyl), S(VI)-C(alkenyl) and S(VI)-C(aryl) bonds, demonstrating its broad scope. Natural products and pharmaceuticals with sensitive functional groups, such as valdecoxib, celecoxib and diacetonefructose, are compatible with this protocol, allowing the formation of diverse sulfoximines.
Three-dimensional magnetic resonance tomography with sub-10 nanometer resolution
Authors: T. Amawi Mohammad , Trelin Andrii , Huang You , Weinbrenner Paul , Poggiali Francesco , Leibold Joachim , Schalk Martin , Reinhard Friedemann 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate three-dimensional magnetic resonance tomography with a resolution down to 5.9 ± 0.1 nm. Our measurements use lithographically fabricated microwires as a source of three-dimensional magnetic field gradients, which we use to image NV centers in a densely doped diamond by Fourier-accelerated magnetic resonance tomography. We also demonstrate a compressed sensing scheme, which allows for direct visual interpretation without numerical optimization and implements an effective zoom into a spatially localized volume of interest, such as a localized cluster of NV centers. It is based on aliasing induced by equidistant undersampling of k-space. The resolution achieved in our work is comparable to the best existing schemes of super-resolution microscopy and approaches the positioning accuracy of site-directed spin labeling, paving the way to three-dimensional structure analysis by magnetic-gradient based tomography.
Ten-electron count rule for the binding of adsorbates on single-atom alloy catalysts
Authors: Schumann Julia , Stamatakis Michail , Michaelides Angelos , Réocreux Romain 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSingle-atom alloys have recently emerged as highly active and selective alloy catalysts. Unlike pure metals, single-atom alloys escape the well-established conceptual framework developed nearly three decades ago for predicting catalytic performance. Although this offers the opportunity to explore so far unattainable chemistries, this leaves us without a simple guide for the design of single-atom alloys able to catalyse targeted reactions. Here, based on thousands of density functional theory calculations, we reveal a 10-electron count rule for the binding of adsorbates on the dopant atoms, usually the active sites, of single-atom alloy surfaces. A simple molecular orbital approach rationalizes this rule and the nature of the adsorbate–dopant interaction. In addition, our intuitive model can accelerate the rational design of single-atom alloy catalysts. Indeed, we illustrate how the unique insights provided by the electron count rule help identify the most promising dopant for an industrially relevant hydrogenation reaction, thereby reducing the number of potential materials by more than one order of magnitude.
A 31-year (1990–2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning
Authors: Liu Luling , Cao Xin , Li Shijie , Jie Na 
Published: January 2024

AbstractContinuously monitoring global population spatial dynamics is crucial for implementing effective policies related to sustainable development, including epidemiology, urban planning, and global inequality. However, existing global gridded population data products lack consistent population estimates, making them unsuitable for time-series analysis. To address this issue, this study designed a data fusion framework based on cluster analysis and statistical learning approaches, which led to the generation of a continuous global gridded population dataset (GlobPOP). The GlobPOP dataset was evaluated through two-tier spatial and temporal validation to demonstrate its accuracy and applicability. The spatial validation results show that the GlobPOP dataset is highly accurate. The temporal validation results also reveal that the GlobPOP dataset performs consistently well across eight representative countries and cities despite their unique population dynamics. With the availability of GlobPOP datasets in both population count and population density formats, researchers and policymakers can leverage the new dataset to conduct time-series analysis of the population and explore the spatial patterns of population development at global, national, and city levels.
A neuromorphic dataset for tabletop object segmentation in indoor cluttered environment
Authors: Huang Xiaoqian , Kachole Sanket , Ayyad Abdulla , Naeini Fariborz Baghaei , Makris Dimitrios , Zweiri Yahya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvent-based cameras are commonly leveraged to mitigate issues such as motion blur, low dynamic range, and limited time sampling, which plague conventional cameras. However, a lack of dedicated event-based datasets for benchmarking segmentation algorithms, especially those offering critical depth information for occluded scenes, has been observed. In response, this paper introduces a novel Event-based Segmentation Dataset (ESD), a high-quality event 3D spatial-temporal dataset designed for indoor object segmentation within cluttered environments. ESD encompasses 145 sequences featuring 14,166 manually annotated RGB frames, along with a substantial event count of 21.88 million and 20.80 million events from two stereo-configured event-based cameras. Notably, this densely annotated 3D spatial-temporal event-based segmentation benchmark for tabletop objects represents a pioneering initiative, providing event-wise depth, and annotated instance labels, in addition to corresponding RGBD frames. By releasing ESD, our aim is to offer the research community a challenging segmentation benchmark of exceptional quality.