bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPE Delta Section: A Study of the Role of Oil in World War II and Its Strategic Impact
Authors: Duhon Howard , Richards Tony 
Published: February 2025

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In August 1944, the Third Army under George Smith Patton Jr. was forced to a standstill near the German border due a shortage of fuel.
In October 1942, German General Erwin Rommel was advancing through Egypt with the Middle Eastern oil fields “in sight” when he ran out of fuel near Cairo.
Patton was refueled in time to resume his advance. Rommel was not refueled in time. He lost his strategic advantage, and he lost the key battle of El Alamein.
In World War II (WW2), for the first time, the major armies’ frontline striking forces were completely or mostly mechanized. These armies ran on oil. Both the Allies and the Axis powers struggled at times to provide fuel to their armies, air forces, and navies, but the struggles were very different.
Fig. 1 illustrates the oil production rates of various countries in 1940. The US was the dominant oil producer by far: 4,000 KBOPD (thousand BOPD), over 60% of worldwide production. The US supplied most of the fuel used by the Allied countries in WW2. The challenge was to get that fuel to war fronts in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
The Axis powers had little or no production:
- Germany—10 KBOPD
- Italy—0 KBOPD
- Japan—7 KBOPD
Germany employed several strategies to secure and conserve fuel as discussed below. Japan also employed multiple strategies including taking control of the Dutch East Indies and other oil-producing countries by force.

SPE Delta Section (New Orleans) Prepares for ATCE
The “Oil in WW2” study was conducted to coincide with the 2024 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleans. From November 2023 until July 2024, the authors led a small team that conducted the study. The study is presented in a series of 17 freestanding panels, each 3×7.5-ft, printed on front and back (Fig. 2).

Blitzkreig With Horses
From September 1939 to June 1940 Germany defeated 10 countries. Their method of attack was termed blitzkrieg (“lightning war”). Mechanized tank divisions supported by overwhelming tactical air power made them seem invincible.
What is not as well-known is what happened behind the German lines. Tanks plowed ahead at 100 to 200 miles per day. The infantry walked 10 to 20 miles per day. And supplies, other than fuel, were delivered to the front via horse-drawn wagon at a similar speed (Fig. 3). In WW1 the German army used 1.5 million horses; in WW2 the Germans used twice as many horses.
The use of horses was necessary because Germany did not have enough trucks to deliver supplies, and even if they had, they would not have had enough fuel to run them.
New Approach in Gas-Condensate Fields Results in Smart Sand Management
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2025

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTeC 4044415, “New Approach for Well-Cleanup and Well-Testing Operations in High-Rate Gas-Condensate Fields Resulting in Smart Sand-Management System,” by Luis Perez, Chris Denton, and Mackenzie Ferrin, SOS Sand Technology, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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The authors’ objective is to provide robust completion strategies for the Middle East’s high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gas wells, focusing on well-testing operations that require extreme solutions for solids separation, fluid recovery, sour service, and efficient well cleanup. This study evaluates flowback operations across various well-cleanup scenarios. It introduces a cleanup and flowback-testing approach incorporating advanced solids separation technology, portability, equipment automation, improved metallurgy, and enhanced operational safety standards.

Description of Current System
Emergency Shutdown Valve (ESD).
The fluid mixture from both the wellbore and reservoir flows into the production tubing, proceeding through the production wellhead’s flow wing valve and subsequently through a 10,000-psig ESD valve. Mounted atop the flow wing valve, the ESD valve is hydraulically actuated and protects the downstream facility infrastructure.
Sand Management System (SMS).
The SMS effectively segregates solid particles from the production fluids and consists of two primary modules: the desander vessel (primary stage) and the wellhead filter (secondary stage) (Fig. 1). The functionalities of the two components are detailed in the complete paper.
Desander Vessel.
Engineered with a single cyclonic device coupled with a solids accumulator at the bottom, the desander vessel facilitates the separation of gas, oil, water, and solids. Production fluids are introduced tangentially at high pressure, leading to centrifugal separation. Gaseous components are extracted through the top vortex finder, while denser liquid phases progress to the cyclone’s narrowing section. Here, velocity increases because of centrifugal forces that segregate solids from liquids. The solids adhere to the vessel wall and fall into the accumulator. Simultaneously, gas and liquid components converge centrally and ascend through the overflow. The accumulator uses a flushing mechanism, executed every 2 hours, to mobilize and evacuate solids from the system.
Wellhead Filter.
Strategically positioned downstream of the desander, the wellhead filter captures residual solids to prevent choke erosion. It uses a dual-pod arrangement, with each pod containing a pair of wedge wire filter elements capable of eliminating 95% of well-produced solids. These 100-μm mesh filters process flows from the inside out, allowing the filtered sand to accumulate at the vessel’s base. Maintenance involves periodic isolation, depressurization, and purging of sand. The filter system features a dual capacity, allowing for independent flushing and manual operation of all connecting valves.
Advanced Ultradeep Azimuthal Resistivity Tools Increase Well-Placement Efficiency
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2025

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 222993, “Multilayer Reservoir Mapping in Low-Resistivity, Low-Contrast Clastic Reservoir Using Integration of Ultradeep Azimuthal Resistivity 1D and 3D Inversions,” by Ayman El-Khamry, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and Ahmed Taher, SPE, and Mohamed Fouda, SPE, Halliburton, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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The use of modern ultradeep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) tools, along with other logging-while-drilling (LWD) sensors, increases horizontal well‑placement efficiency, improving net‑to‑gross (NTG) and maximizing reservoir contact. The depth of investigation (DOI) of electromagnetic (EM) resistivity-based technologies depends on multiple factors. The performance of EM resistivity tools in very low-resistivity formations has remained a challenge, limiting the signal propagation and, thus, the DOI. The complete paper presents a novel workflow for using EM resistivity‑based reservoir-mapping LWD technologies for successful well placement and multilayer mapping in very‑low‑resistivity, low‑contrast, and thinly laminated clastic reservoirs.

Introduction
One of the main challenges for successful well-placement operations is the ability to resolve boundaries that are further away from the horizontal wellbore or that feature a poor contrast in resistivity values from surrounding layers. During the past two decades, azimuthal resistivity tools designs and EM signal-inversion algorithms have evolved to address this challenge. Ultradeep resistivity tools have been developed and have achieved successful mapping of boundaries up to 225 ft from the wellbore in a high-resistivity, high-contrast environment. As with previous EM resistivity tool designs, transmitter antennae emit EM waves into the surrounding formations, which are then detected by multiple receivers placed at different spacings from the transmitter. While the wider transmitter/receiver spacings are used to acquire measurements deeper into the formation, the shorter and narrower spacings provide signals enabling closer boundary mapping at higher resolutions. The signals also are transmitted at multiple EM-wave frequencies; these different signals are then fed into advanced inversion algorithms to detect multiple resistivity boundaries at a distance from the wellbore. Fig. 1 shows a horizontal well using UDAR 3D inversion in a complex clastic reservoir.

The Resistivity Challenge
EM resistivity measures the change in phase angle or signal attenuation, which is transformed to a resistivity measurement. In a high-resistivity formation, the change in the phase angle is minimal, which imposes a significant challenge for resolving changes in resistivity. For reservoir-mapping tools, this would result in difficulty in mapping different boundaries of high‑resistivity ranges. For deep resistivity tools, this can be resolved by using an additional high-frequency measurement to improve multilayer inversion.
Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: A Strategic Approach Using Clustering and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques
Authors: V kamala , R Arun Kalayana Raman , R Harshene 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The strategic placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) plays a vital role in developing the electric vehicle (EV) industry by ensuring accessibility and efficiency. However, selecting optimal EVCS locations is a complex, uncertainty-embedded multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem involving both quantitative and qualitative factors. This study proposes a comprehensive methodology to enhance EVCS distribution by minimizing the average distance between charging stations, increasing EVCS density, and improving their integration with public facilities. The research focuses on central Chennai and its surrounding suburban areas. The methodology involves identifying existing EVCS locations, analyzing their spatial distribution, and detecting gaps in coverage. Cluster Analysis is applied to group proposed EVCS locations based on spatial proximity, with the optimal number of clusters determined using the Silhouette Score and Davies Bouldin Index. Selection criteria for EVCS placement are established using expert opinions and data collection, and their relative importance is computed using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is then used to select the most suitable EVCS locations within each cluster. The findings reveal an 11.12% reduction in the average distance between charging stations, a 55.56% increase in EVCS density, and a 22% improvement in the integration of EVCS with public facilities. This integrated approach ensures a balanced and well-distributed EVCS network, effectively addressing the current infrastructure challenges in the study area.
The incidence and risk factors of pulmonary embolism after cardiac surgery: A retrospective nationwide inpatient sample database study
Authors: Zheng Lili , Cao Xianghua , Li Jianwen , Wang Xiao , Tu Bingquan , Ren Yongxiang , Li Xueping , Liu Wengui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiac surgery is associated with a significant risk of postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE), a life-threatening complication. This study sought to evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of PE following cardiac procedures in the United States.
Methods
Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample database, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2010 and 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify patient- and hospital-level factors associated with PE. Clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total charges, were also assessed.
Results
The incidence of PE following cardiac surgery increased from 0.6% in 2010 to 2.9% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Significant risk factors included female sex (OR: 1.123), Black race (OR: 1.108), a higher comorbidity burden (OR: 3.780 for  ≥ 3 comorbidities), Medicaid insurance coverage, and admission to larger or teaching hospitals. Patients who developed PE experienced significantly higher in-hospital mortality (16.2% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.001), longer hospital stays (median 15.08 vs. 7.63 days, p < 0.001), and increased total charges ($213,725 vs. $119,436, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
This large-scale analysis reveals a concerning rise in the incidence of PE following cardiac surgery over the past decade. Identifying high-risk patient profiles and associated risk factors can guide targeted prevention strategies and optimize perioperative management to mitigate the substantial clinical and economic burden of this serious complication.
Combination Anti-Retroviral Therapy (cART) Prescription Patterns and Their Efficacy in Suppressing HIV Viral Load among HIV-1 Positive Patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.
Authors: Gebrehiwot Gebrecherkos Teame , Gebregiorgis Gebreselama Gebreyohannes , Gebremedhin Mulugeta Tilahun , Teka Ataklti Gessesse , Bayrau Hayelom Kahsay , Teklu Gebremicheal Gebreegziabher , Hiben Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos , Gebru Goitom Gebremedhn , Kidane Kibriti Mehari , Bidre Haileselassie Bisrat , Alemu Goitom Yisfa , Chokole Mebrahatu Kalayu , Abay Kebede Araya , Tsegay Etsay Weldekidan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: No data is available on combination therapy prescription patterns and their viral load suppression efficacy. This study assessed Anti-Retroviral Therapy prescription patterns and their virological efficacy in achieving HIV-1 viral suppression.
Methods: Data was retrospectively extracted using a standardized checklist; entered into and cleaned in SPSS version 25 before analysis. Pearson's χ² assessed associations between factors and categorical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors influencing virological suppression at each time point. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.
Results: High utilization of first-line regimens (91.1%) and strong adherence (73.3%) were seen in this analysis of 7,689 HIV-1 ART users (mean age 43, 64.4% female). Current use was dominated by 1J (53.8%), with initial regimens consisting of 1c (32.9%), 1e (32.1%), and 1a (21.6%). The virological suppression rate was greater in females (92.7%) than males (87.5%). Female sex, younger age, longer ART duration, earlier disease stage, adherence, follow-up, CD4 levels, and regimen switching were among the factors associated with suppression.
Conclusion: Female sex, younger age, longer ART duration, earlier disease stage, strong adherence, continuous follow-up, higher CD4 counts, and particular regimens were all associated with favorable virological outcomes. Certain regimens and a lower baseline viral load were also linked to suppression in youngsters. With an emphasis on improving outcomes for males and those with advanced disease, our data highlight consistent ART access and adherence. In order to further enhance treatment results and lower transmission, they additionally emphasize the necessity of prompt regimen modifications and genomic surveillance.
Оценка эффективности наружного перкуссионного и виброакустического массажа грудной клетки при респираторной реабилитации у кардиохирургических пациентов: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование
Authors: Еременко Александр Анатольевич , Зюляева Т. П. , Алферова А. П. , Фомина Д. В. , Грекова М. С. , Гринь О. О. , Дмитриева С. C. , Попов С. О. 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory rehabilitation used for cardiac surgery patients with impaired sputum evacuation, is an important aspect of the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the external percussion and vibroacoustic chest massage, against of the planned incentive spirometry in the early postoperative period of cardiosurgery patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized prospective study included 90 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Vibroacoustic lung massage (VLM) was performed with “VibroLUNG”in the 1st group (30 patients), high-frequency percussion of the chest followed by the intermittent airway pressure (HFP+IP) with “Comfort Cough Plus” devise was performed in the 2nd group (30 patients). Procedures started 10–12 hours after trachea extubation and were performed 3 times a day during 3 days after surgery. A control group included 30 patients in whom incentive spirometry was used. The following parameters were measured on the 1st and 3rd days: SpO2 (on room air) and volumetric parameters using bedside spirometry. RESULTS: VLM improved sputum clearance, increased mean SpO2 by 4 % (p < 0.001), reduces the number of patients with low MIC (maximal inspiratory capacity < 1200 ml) by 3.6 times (p = 0.004) and increase mean VC (Vital Capacity) by 432 ml (p = 0.034). HFP-IP increased mean SpO2 by 4.5 % (p < 0.001), decreased the number of patients with MIC ≤ 1200 ml by 5.7 times (p = 0.002), and increase mean VC by 574 ml (p = 0.016). In the control group no significant changes were noted. Respiratory rehabilitation decreased the number of the patients with radiological signs of hypoventilation: in the group of VLM by 7.33 times (p < 0.001), and in the group of HFP+IP by 6.48 times (p = 0.001). СONCLUSIONS: Methods of mechanical impact on the chest wall during postoperative rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients are safe. They have a positive effect on the bronchopulmonary clearance and significant advantages over the control in their effect of sputum clearance, gas exchange, respiratory function and Xray signs of hypoventilation.
An information-centric approach to enhance network lifetime in water quality monitoring WSNs
Authors: Abdolabadi Hamid , Khosravian Erfan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Efficient sensor operation and extended network lifetime are critical for effective water quality monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Traditional models often neglect the importance of information value, leading to redundant data transmission from low-value sensors and inefficient energy consumption. This study proposes a novel information-centric algorithm that employs Minimum Redundancy, Maximum Information (MIRI) principles to prioritize data collection from high-information sensors. By dynamically assessing the information value at each round, the algorithm strategically selects Cluster Heads (CHs) based on their ability to provide valuable insights while conserving energy. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model achieves an average residual energy of 65% after 1,500 rounds, compared to only 35% in conventional models. Additionally, the algorithm extends individual sensor lifetimes by up to 40%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of an information-centric approach in optimizing WSN performance, thereby facilitating improved efficiency in environmental monitoring applications.
Resusitasi Jantung Paru dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia pada Pasien Lanjut Usia
Authors: Nathania Maria Yessica , Dewi Trihoni Nalesti , Dhanardhono Tuntas 
Published: February 2025

Keefektivitasan RJP pada lanjut usia masih merupakan suatu kontroversi. Secara etis, adalah hal yang kurang pantas untuk melakukan tindakan kepada seseorang, dimana tindakan tersebut memiliki sedikit ataupun tidak ada manfaatnya sama sekali. Salah satu tantangan lansia, adalah terjadinya penurunan kapasitas intrinsik dan fungsional tubuh, yang tersebut mempengaruhi kompleksitas dalam membuat keputusan. Sementara itu, salah satu hal penting yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam dunia medis, adalah hak dan salah satu bentuk pelanggaran hak pada lanjut usia adalah tidak dilibatkan dalam mengambil keputusan. Atas banyaknya pertimbangan mengenai HAM yang melingkupi kaum lanjut usia, terutama Hak hidup dan Hak otonomi, maka diteliti lebih lanjut mengenai hak sehubungan dengan akhir hayat, terutama yang berkaitan dengan RJP. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan studi pustaka dan wawancara terhadap praktisi hukum, pengamat HAM, dan petugas medis. Pelaksanaan RJP, bahkan pada lansia sekalipun dapat dikatakan telah memenuhi kaidah-kaidah HAM, dan pelaksanaannya dilindungi oleh hukum, selama, RJP tersebut dilakukan sesuai dengan indikasi medis dan setelah menginformasikan untung dan ruginya. RJP dan perlakuannya terhadap pasien lansia, harus disesuaikan dengan asas-asas HAM, terutama, penghargaan terhadap martabat manusia, harus sesuai dengan kaidah keadilan, dan sedapat mungkin jangan sampai menyakiti.Abstract: The effectiveness of CPR in the elderly is still a matter of controversy. Ethically, it is inappropriate to perform an act on a person where the act has little or no benefit. One of the challenges of the elderly is a decrease in the intrinsic and functional capacity of the body, which affects the complexity of making decisions. Meanwhile, one of the important things that must be considered in the medical world is rights and one form of violation of rights in the elderly is not to be involved in making decisions. Due to the many considerations regarding human rights that cover the elderly, especially the right to life and the right to autonomy, further research is needed regarding rights relating to the end of life, especially those related to RJP. The research was conducted by conducting literature studies and interviewing legal practitioners, human rights observers and medical officers. The implementation of CPR, even for the elderly, can be said to have complied with human rights principles, and its implementation is protected by law, as long as CPR is carried out according to medical indications and after informing the pros and cons. CPR and its treatment of elderly patients must be adapted to the principles of human rights, in particular, respect for human dignity, must be in accordance with the principles of justice, and as much as possible not to cause harm