bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mischer mit mikrostrukturierten Folien für chemische Produktionsaufgaben
Authors: Werner B. , Hessel V. , Löb P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSeit etwa 10 Jahren beschäftigt sich die Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH (IMM) mit der Nutzung von Mikrostrukturen im Bereich der Mikroverfahrenstechnik. Deren Vorteile – effizienterer Wärmeaustausch und Massentransport – bewirken u. a. Steigerung von Ausbeute und Selektivität bei gleichzeitiger Ressourcenschonung. Die Entwicklung von mikrostrukturierten Mischern war dabei ein Schlüssel zu verbesserten Feinchemikaliensynthesen sowie zur Herstellung von Dispersionen, Cremes, Schäumen und Emulsionen. Bislang waren diese mikrostrukturierten Mischer im Wesentlichen auf Labor‐ oder bestenfalls Pilotanlagen‐Maßstab festgelegt – typische Maximalflussraten lagen bei 2 – 100 L/h für wasserähnliche Fluidsysteme. Mit der Einführung der StarLaminatoren StarLam300 und StarLam3000, konnte diese Grenze jetzt auf weit über 300 L/h bis in den m3/h‐Bereich angehoben werden. Beide Apparate zeigen gute Mischgüten bei hohen Flüssen, die durchaus an die sehr guten Werte von bisher bekannten Niederdurchsatz(L/h)‐Mikromischer heranreichen. Damit ist eine Kontinuität von „wirklichen”︁ Mikromischern über die hier beschriebenen Hochdurchsatz‐Tools bis zu statischen Mischern mit noch höheren Durchsätzen gegeben. Eine Klassifikation der Mischeffizienz nach dem Leistungseintrag bestätigt ebenso diese Kontinuität.
The cognitive sequelae of standard‐dose adjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast carcinoma
Authors: Wefel Jeffrey S. , Lenzi Renato , Theriault Richard L. , Davis Robert N. , Meyers Christina A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDRetrospective trials have reported that chemotherapy‐induced cognitive dysfunction was experienced by a subset of patients with breast carcinoma. However, recent evidence indicated that a subset also exhibited impaired cognitive function at baseline, before the start of chemotherapy. A prospective, longitudinal trial that incorporates baseline neuropsychologic evaluations is necessary to determine to what extent cognitive dysfunction is attributable to chemotherapy in this population.METHODSEighteen women with breast carcinoma underwent a comprehensive neuropsychologic evaluation before treatment and at short‐term and long‐term intervals after chemotherapy. The incidence, nature, severity, and chronicity of cognitive dysfunction developing in patients with breast carcinoma treated with a standard dose of adjuvant chemotherapy were assessed.RESULTSBefore the start of systemic therapy, 33% of women in the current cohort exhibited cognitive impairment. At the short‐term postchemotherapy time point, 61% of the cohort exhibited a decline relative to baseline in 1 or more domains of cognitive functioning and reported greater difficulty in maintaining their ability to work. The most common domains of cognitive dysfunction were related to attention, learning, and processing speed. At the long‐term postchemotherapy time point, approximately 50% of patients who experienced declines in cognitive function demonstrated improvement, whereas 50% remained stable. Self‐reported ability to perform work‐related activities also improved over this interval. Neither impairment at baseline nor subsequent treatment‐related cognitive decline exhibited any statistically significant correlation with affective well‐being or with demographic or clinical characteristics.CONCLUSIONSThe current study is the first longitudinal trial to report evidence of an association between cognitive dysfunction and chemotherapy in a subgroup of women with nonmetastatic breast carcinoma. The importance of using prospective research designs, appropriate cognitive measures, and statistical methods to evaluate subgroup effects was discussed. Identification of mechanisms associated with cognitive dysfunction and of risk factors contributing to subgroup vulnerability is necessary. Cancer 2004. © 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
Drosophila eye disc margin is a center for organizing long‐range planar polarity
Authors: Lim Janghoo , Choi Kwang‐Wook 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPlanar polarity patterning involves long‐range signaling and signal transduction. In Drosophila eye, Dishevelled (Dsh) is not only crucial for cell‐autonomous transduction of a polarity signal(s) but is also involved in nonautonomous signaling function. To identify the sites for long‐range polarity signaling in eye disc, we examined spatial and temporal conditions for nonautonomous Dsh function. Here we show that Dsh and its downstream factor Armadillo (Arm) are required in the border region of eye disc between the peripodial membrane (PM) and the disc proper (DP) for nonautonomous signaling. Conditional misexpression of Dsh or Arm at the posterior margin of the disc was sufficient to induce nonautonomous polarity reversals. A critical time window for the induction of such changes was approximately coincident with the timing of morphogenetic furrow initiation. Our data suggest that the disc margin is an essential site for organizing planar polarity during the initial stage of retinal morphogenesis. genesis 39:26–37, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser capture microdissection of fluorescently labeled embryonic cranial neural crest cells
Authors: Bhattacherjee Vasker , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Singh Saurabh , Roberts Emily A. , Hackmiller Rita C. , Greene Robert M. , Pisano M. Michele 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSummary: This study is the first to report a unique genetic strategy to permanently label mammalian neural crest cells (NCC) with a fluorescent marker, selectively isolate the labeled NCC or their derivatives during murine ontogenesis by laser capture microdissection (LCM), and prepare molecular components, such as RNA, for selective gene expression analyses. Through utilization of a Cre recombinase/loxP system, a genetic strategy that has been used repeatedly to achieve tissue‐specific activation of reporter transgenes in mice, a novel two‐component mouse model was created in which neural crest cells (and their progeny) are indelibly marked throughout the pre‐ and postnatal lifespan of the organism. To generate this mouse model, a Wnt1‐Cre transgenic line was crossed with a mouse line expressing a conditional reporter transgene (“floxed” enhanced green fluorescent protein). Resulting offspring, expressing both the Wnt1‐Cre and “floxed” EGFP alleles, demonstrated EGFP expression in the NCC and all of their derivatives throughout embryonic, postnatal, and adult stages. In the present study, EGFP‐labeled cranial NCC from the first branchial arch of gestational day 9.5 murine embryos were visualized in frozen tissue sections and isolated by LCM under epifluorescence optics. RNA was extracted from “captured” cells and amplified by double‐stranded cDNA synthesis and in vitro transcription. Amplified mRNA samples from “captured” cells were evaluated by TaqMan quantitative, real‐time PCR for the expression of a panel of NCC gene markers. The molecular genetic strategy delineated in this report will facilitate future embryo‐genomic and ‐proteomic analyses of mammalian NCC that will serve to further our understanding of these pluripotent embryonic progenitor cells. genesis 39:58–64, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss‐of‐imprinting of Peg1 in mouse interspecies hybrids is correlated with altered growth
Authors: Shi Wei , Lefebvre Louis , Yu Yang , Otto Sabine , Krella Antje , Orth Annie , Fundele Reinald 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that loss‐of‐imprinting (LOI) is a regular occurrence in interspecies hybrids of the genus Peromyscus. Furthermore, evidence was presented that indicated that LOI is involved in a placental hybrid dysgenesis effect resulting in abnormal placental growth and thus possibly in speciation. We show here that LOI of the strictly paternally expressed gene Peg1 (also called Mest) occurs in F1 hybrids between Mus musculus (MMU) and M. spretus (MSP). Peg1 LOI is correlated with increased body weight and increased weight of two of the organs tested, kidney and spleen. X‐gal staining of tissues derived from Peg1+/‐ × MSP F1 mice, carrying a maternal LacZ knock‐in allele of Peg1, demonstrates that LOI is stochastic in that it affects different tissues to variable extents and that, even within one tissue, not all cells are similarly affected. Furthermore, this expression from the maternal allele does not necessarily follow the endogenous paternal Peg1 expression pattern. Our results indicate that LOI occurs in interspecies hybrids in the genus Mus and that altered growth is a frequent outcome of LOI. genesis 39:65–72, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for adhesion prevention
Authors: Weis Christine , Odermatt Erich K. , Kressler Jörg , Funke Zofia , Wehner Tim , Freytag Dorothee 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe abnormal joining of anatomic structures after abdominal and pelvic surgery can lead to such major complications as bowel obstruction or infertility. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes and hydrogels were placed over the injured tissue to act as a physical barrier and prevent such adhesions from occurring in a rabbit sidewall model. The membranes were sutured into place to prevent their slipping or curling on the moist tissue. Various in vitro experiments (including testing for swelling and mechanical strength) were conducted in order to better understand the behavior of these membranes in the wound. The results showed that both the PVA membranes and PVA hydrogels significantly reduced the number and severity of adhesions in the rabbit sidewall model, and even indicated a distinct improvement over SEPRAFILM® as antiadhesion barriers. Contact‐angle measurements were taken in order to evaluate the surface properties of the membranes and hydrogels. Three approaches were taken to render the membranes more bioadhesive, and forego the need for future additional suturing: imprinting a texture onto the membrane, coating the membrane with carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), and producing bi‐layered, porous PVA membranes through a process of lyophilization. Though the surface of the PVA hydrogels is more hydrophilic than the surface of the PVA membranes, neither would adhere untreated to moist tissue. However, all three approaches aimed at improving their bioadhesion yielded excellent results and demonstrated that PVA could indeed be considered a viable method of adhesion prevention. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 70B: 191–202, 2004
Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton results in nuclear factor‐κB activation and inflammatory mediator production in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Németh Zoltán H. , Deitch Edwin A. , Davidson Marson T. , Szabó Csaba , Vizi E. Sylvester , Haskó György 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells is composed of two major filament systems, the microtubule system and the actin cytoskeleton. The microtubule system has recently emerged as an important regulator of NF‐κB function. However, the role that the actin microfilament system plays in controlling NF‐κB activation is incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the effect of actin cytoskeleton disruption on NF‐κB activation in human intestinal epithelial cells. Treatment of HT‐29 or Caco‐2 cells with the prototypic actin disrupting agents cytochalasin D or latrunculin B resulted in increased NF‐κB DNA binding and NF‐κB‐dependent transcriptional activity. This NF‐κB activation by cytochalasin D was secondary to an effect on IκB, because cytochalasin D‐induced IκB degradation and the cytochalasin D‐induced increase in NF‐κB‐dependent transcriptional activity was prevented by a dominant negative IκB mutant. Exposure of the cells to cytochalasins or latrunculin B increased gene expression and release of the NF‐κB‐dependent chemokines IL‐8 and GRO‐α. Cytochalasin D also activated p38 MAP kinase, which pathway contributed to the cytochalasin D‐induced increase in IL‐8 production. These results demonstrate that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in the regulation of NF‐κB activation and inflammatory events in intestinal epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 200: 71–81, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and processing of a thermoplastic composite reinforced wood structure
Authors: Dai Heming , Smith Michael J. , Ramani Karthik 
Published: April 2004

AbstractReinforced wood structures retain the advantages of natural wood while they allow increased life and better performance. Wood reinforced with thermoset composites has been studied earlier. We for the first time develop a process and design methodology for a thermoplastic‐reinforced wood structure. A wood floor structure was reinforced by the means of adhering a thin layer of consolidated thermoplastic composite. The process for consolidating commingled E‐glass/polypropylene yarns and adhering the composite to wood was designed and tested. The time for preheating and consolidating the commingled thermoplastic yarns on top of wood was predicted analytically and compared with experimental results. An optimal design methodology for the wood/composite floor structure is also developed. Polym. Compos. 25:119–133, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Numerical predictions of 3‐D filler orientation and elastic compliance for reinforced plastics containing fillers with aspect ratio distribution
Authors: Shiraishi Yutaka , Narazaki Norio , Kikutani Takeshi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the injection molding of parts containing 30 wt% short‐glass‐fiber or glass‐flake, filler orientation distribution functions and elastic constants are predicted, taking into account the aspect ratio distribution of fillers. The filler orientation distribution functions and the elastic compliance tensors are estimated by using Advani's method and Wakashima's method, respectively. The estimated filler orientation distributions in composite parts reinforced with short‐glass‐fiber or glass‐flake agree with soft X‐ray photograph observations. The fiber orientation distribution function, predicted for interaction coefficient CI = 0.01, is close to the experimental results. Based on this orientation distribution, the elastic compliance tensor distributions are predicted on the assumption that the filler aspect ratio can be presented by a circumscribed filler aspect ratio or an equivalent filler aspect ratio. As a result, the vibration behavior predicted by adopting the equivalent aspect ratio agrees with the experimental results. Polym. Compos. 25:194–213, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Process‐induced internal stresses in phenol‐formaldehyde cellulose composites
Authors: Doyle M. A. , Hagstrand P.‐O. , Månson J.‐A. E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPhenol and melamine‐formaldehyde (PF and MF) cellulose composites are being used extensively in the laminate industry. Despite their many advantages, flat panels produced from such materials have a tendency to warp immediately after processing as well as during subsequent service. This report presents results of an investigation into the thermoviscoelastic properties and the process‐induced internal stresses of PF cellulose composites. Thermoelastic properties were measured using Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI), Thermo Mechanical Analysis (TMA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). This latter was also employed in order to build a time‐temperature relaxation superposition for PF cellulose. Process‐induced internal stresses were quantified via a modified beam‐bending technique that allowed for consolidation pressure to be applied on the materials. Results from the study showed the following: anisotropy in thermoelastic properties due to the oriented cellulose fiber network, a clear viscoelastic response allowing time‐temperature superposition in a bi‐phase material, and high levels of internal stress build‐up on cure. Polym. Compos. 25:214–228, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Complex folding pathways in a simple β‐hairpin
Authors: Wei Guanghong , Mousseau Normand , Derreumaux Philippe 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe determination of the folding mechanisms of proteins is critical to understand the topological change that can propagate Alzheimer and Creutzfeld‐Jakobs diseases, among others. The computational community has paid considerable attention to this problem; however, the associated time scale, typically on the order of milliseconds or more, represents a formidable challenge. Ab initio protein folding from long molecular dynamics simulations or ensemble dynamics is not feasible with ordinary computing facilities and new techniques must be introduced. Here we present a detailed study of the folding of a 16‐residue β‐hairpin, described by a generic energy model and using the activation‐relaxation technique. From a total of 90 trajectories at 300 K, three folding pathways emerge. All involve a simultaneous optimization of the complete hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The first two pathways follow closely those observed by previous theoretical studies (folding starting at the turn or by interactions between the termini). The third pathway, never observed by previous all‐atom folding, unfolding, and equilibrium simulations, can be described as a reptation move of one strand of the β‐sheet with respect to the other. This reptation move indicates that non‐native interactions can play a dominant role in the folding of secondary structures. Furthermore, such a mechanism mediated by non‐native hydrogen bonds is not available for study by unfolding and Gō model simulations. The exact folding path followed by a given β‐hairpin is likely to be influenced by its sequence and the solvent conditions. Taken together, these results point to a more complex folding picture than expected for a simple β‐hairpin. Proteins 2004;9999:000–000. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rise of oxygenation in cervical lymph node metastasis during the initial course of radiochemotherapy
Authors: Dietz Andreas , Rudat Volker , Vanselow Bernhard , Wollensack Petra , Bettscheider Claudia , Conradt Christian , Eble Michael J. 
Published: April 2004

It has been hypothesized that during radiation treatment a reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor tissue takes place. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated whether reoxygenation in lymph node metastases could be determined by invasive Po2 measurements. Through a hypodermic needle inserted transcutaneously into tumor‐Positive lymph nodes, Polarographic oxygen determinations were made in 18 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. These measurements were performed before therapy and a week after the onset of radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy, respectively. Low Po2 values before treatment (mean value of the patient's median was 12.6 mm Hg Po2) and a mean hypoxic fraction (Po2 < 5 mm Hg) of 39.6% indicated manifest tumor hypoxia. After 1 week of treatment, a significant increase in the median PO2 (mean value of shift: 7.3 mm Hg) and a reduction in the hypoxic fraction (mean value of shift: 13.4% Po2 < 5 mm Hg, P < 0.03) were observed after both radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy. Thus invasive PO2 histography fulfills the requirements for a method to confirm tumor hypoxia in head and neck tumors. The results obtained indicate that reoxygenation occurs during the initial phases of radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy, and they will form the basis for future comparative investigations on the Possible influence of hypoxic parameters on tumor responsiveness toward radiation and radiochemotherapy.
Proposed classification scheme for quantitative olfactory function alterations
Authors: Gil‐Carcedo Luis Maria , Gil‐Carcedo Elisa , Vallejo Luis Angel , Ortega Primitivo 
Published: April 2004

Given the need for a clinical classification for daily patient examinations to refer to each type of quantitative alteration in the sense of smell, we have created a topographic classification of such alterations, establishing groups to distinguish among patients with decreased or total loss of olfaction. Because the classification is based on the diagnosis of the different causes of anosmia, it implicitly includes etiologic and topographic considerations. We have established 3 main groups on the basis of the site of the causal lesion: conduction, sensorineural, and mixed anosmias. In addition, within the sensorineural anosmias, we distinguish between the epithelial, retroepithelial, and central anosmias.
Unique Characteristics of Malignant Schneiderian Papilloma
Authors: Nachtigal Dan , Yoskovitch Adi , Frenkiel Saul , Braverman Itzhak , Rochon Louise 
Published: April 2004

PURPOSETo ascertain the characteristics unique to malignant schneiderian papilloma (MSP).METHODSA case‐control study of all schneiderian papilloma (SP) patients treated between 1978 and 1997 was conducted. Comparison was made between patients with MSP and patients with benign SP (BSP).RESULTSA diagnosis of SP was made in 72 patients. Malignant changes, all of them the inverted papilloma subtype, were found in 8 of these patients. Three were diagnosed carcinoma in situ, and 5 were defined as invasive squamous cell carcinoma. At presentation, the MSP patients had significantly larger tumor spread into the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. The recurrence rate was significantly lower in SP patients treated with extensive surgical procedures. An association was found between the presence of malignant lesions and Positive smoking history, subjective awareness of a nasal mass, and ethmoid and sphenoid sinus involvement. Also, histologic multicentricity was a feature more often seen in MSP than BSP and was a significant correlate with malignancy.CONCLUSIONThe physician evaluating a patient with SP should be aware of the features described and of their Possible association with a malignant lesion.
Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders in Bavaria: distribution, modes of spread and possible management strategies
Authors: Jung T. , Blaschke M. 
Published: April 2004

A survey of symptoms of phytophthora root and collar rot of common (Alnus glutinosa) and grey alder (A. incana) in riparian and forest stands in Bavaria was conducted by the Bavarian State Forestry and river authorities. Symptoms were seen in 1041 out of 3247 forest alder stands. The majority of the affected stands (80·9%) were less than 21 years old; 46% of these young stands were growing on nonflooded sites and 92% had been planted. The riparian survey showed that symptoms were widespread along more than 50% of the river systems. Along some rivers the disease incidence exceeded 50%. The ‘alder Phytophthora’ was recovered from 166 of 185 riparian and forest alder stands with symptoms. In 58 of the 60 rivers and streams investigated in detail, the source of inoculum was traced back to infested young alder plantations growing on the river banks or on forest sites that drain into the rivers. Once introduced to a river system, the ‘alder Phytophthora’ infects alders downstream. Baiting tests showed that the ‘alder Phytophthora’ was present in rootstocks of alders from three out of four nurseries which regularly bought in alder plants for re‐sale, but not in rootstocks from four nurseries that grew their own alders from seed. In addition, the infected nurseries used water from infested water courses for irrigation. The Bavarian State Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry has developed a code of practice for producing healthy alder plants in forest nurseries. This includes a 3‐year fallow period between bare‐rooted alder crops because of poor survival of the ‘alder Phytophthora’ in soil.