bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Trends in Child Welfare Inequalities in Northern Ireland
Authors: Bunting Lisa , Gleghorne Nicole , Maguire Aideen , McKenna Sarah , O’Reilly Dermot 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Longitudinal research in England and Wales has identified increasing inequality in child welfare interventions, particularly with respect to children in the poorest areas coming into care. Although previous cross-sectional research has shown associations between area level deprivation and child welfare interventions to be weakest in Northern Ireland (NI), it remains unknown if this reflects wider trends over time. This study uses longitudinal administrative data to investigate the relationship between area level deprivation and the (1) referral, (2) investigation, (3) registration and (4) looked after stages of children’s contact with child and family social work from 2010 to 2017 (stages 1–3) and 2020 (stage 4). Both relative and absolute measures of inequality (Ratio of Inequality, Slope Index of Inequality and Relative Index of Inequality) were calculated to examine trends. The results highlight a clear and increasing social gradient in child welfare interventions in NI over time, particularly at the higher levels of intervention and those involving children aged 0–4 years. Routine analysis of children’s social care caseloads by deprivation is highlighted as a means of focusing attention on poverty and material inequality, prompting practitioners, managers and policy makers to consider the drivers of such inequality and how this might be addressed.
Cardiac tamponade associated with primary myelofibrosis: a case report
Authors: Widodo Wishnu Aditya , Putra Teuku Muhammad Haykal , Elfiana Maria , Khorinal Eka Widya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition that occurs when an abnormal amount of fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac and impedes the cardiac filling process. Although extremely rare, haematological diseases have the potential to trigger an extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) process within the pericardium, resulting in a substantial build-up of pericardial effusion.

Case summary
We present the case of a 29-year-old male previously diagnosed with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), who presented to the emergency unit with cardiac tamponade. An emergent pericardiocentesis procedure was performed, successfully evacuating 850 mL of haemorrhagic fluid. Over the course of 3 days, a total of 1.5 L of haemorrhagic effusion were drained from the pericardial space. Analysis of the pericardial fluid revealed evidence of haematopoietic activity, suggesting a potential association with the EMH process occurring within the pericardium. Following a 7-day hospitalization, the patient was discharged in stable condition but later experienced the development of constrictive pericarditis.

Discussion
Haemorrhagic pericardial effusion is a rare occurrence. The majority of cases stems from complications of medical procedures (iatrogenic), malignancies, or side effects of antiplatelet/anticoagulant medications. In patients with PMF, the impaired haematopoietic ability caused by the fibrotic process in the bone marrow compels the body to produce blood components elsewhere, a phenomenon known as EMH. On very rare occasions, EMH can develop in the pericardial space, potentially leading to life-threatening cardiac tamponade. Our patient was successfully managed through pericardial fluid evacuation and drainage but later developed constrictive pericarditis.
Social anxiety, behavioural activation and depression risk in older men: protection through Men’s Shed membership
Authors: Clarke James J , Talbot Rebecca , Holmes Kirsten , Wild James , Ashley Jaxon , McEvoy Peter M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reducing rates of depressive symptoms in older adults is a public health priority. Men’s Sheds are a community organisation that may protect against depressive symptoms in older men. It is currently unclear how social anxiety and behavioural activation may relate to depressive symptoms for Men’s Shed members. We employed a cross-sectional design to explore whether the relationships between social anxiety, behavioural activation and depressive symptoms were contingent upon Shed social network quality in a sample of 164 Men’s Shed members. Conditional effects analysis found social anxiety (B = -0.08, p &lt; 0.01) and behavioural activation’s (B = 0.02, p &lt; 0.001) relationships with depression to be contingent on Shed social network quality. Additionally, we found evidence for a conditional effect of social anxiety on the relationship between behavioural activation and depression (B = −0.03, p &lt; 0.01) such that this relationship was stronger for those with higher levels of social anxiety. Our findings suggest that a strong social network within a Men’s Shed weakens the association between social anxiety and depression, that the relationship between behavioural activation and depression is stronger in those with poorer Shed social networks, and that the relationship between behavioural activation and depression may be stronger for those with higher levels of social anxiety. We suggest that our findings contribute to increasing quantitative support for the mental health benefits of Men’s Shed membership, highlight the potential importance of Shed social network quality and explore how social anxiety may affect the mental health outcomes for members.
Scholarship in Times of Constitutional Transformation: A View from Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Cora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hong Kong's constitutional order has been undergoing a momentous transformation since 2020. The introduction of the Hong Kong National Security Law and the use of a plethora of other security tools have pushed Hong Kong's largely liberal legal order in an increasingly authoritarian direction. This article examines the implications of these changes for academic freedom in the territory. Through the lens of Hong Kong, it examines the unique challenges facing constitutional law scholars in authoritarian or liberal backsliding contexts, as well as the distinct contributions they can make. It concludes with reflections on the relevance of arguments against `scholactivism' to authoritarian contexts. The analysis in this article will help us to understand what scholars should and can do in politically volatile environments more generally.
Applying a simplified economic evaluation approach to evaluate infertility treatments in clinical practice
Authors: Feng Qian , Li Wentao , Callander Emily J , Wang Rui , Mol Ben W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
IVF is the backbone of infertility treatment, but due to its costs, it is not affordable for everyone. The cost of IVF is further escalated by interventions added to the routine treatment, which are claimed to boost pregnancy rates, so-called add-ons. Consequently, it is critical to offset the increased costs of an intervention against a potentially higher benefit. Here, we propose using a simplified framework considering the cost of a standard IVF procedure to create one live-born baby as a benchmark for the cost-effectiveness of other fertility treatments, add-ons inclusive. This framework is a simplified approach to a formal economic evaluation, enabling a rapid assessment of cost effectiveness in clinical settings. For a 30-year-old woman, assuming a 44.6% cumulative live birth rate and a cost of $12 000 per complete cycle, the cost to create one live-born baby would be ∼$27 000 (i.e. willingness to pay). Under this concept, the decision whether to accept or reject a new treatment depends from an economic perspective on the incremental cost per additional live birth from the new treatment/add-on, with the $27 000 per live-born baby as a reference threshold. This threshold can vary with women’s age, and other factors such as the economic perspective and risk of side effects can play a role. If a new add-on or treatment costs &gt;$27 000 per live birth, it might be more rational to invest in a new IVF cycle rather than spending on the add-on. With the increasing number of novel technologies in IVF and the lack of a rapid approach to evaluate their cost-effectiveness, this simplified framework will help with a more objective assessment of the cost-effectiveness of infertility treatments, including add-ons.
Could the sperm epigenome become a diagnostic tool for evaluation of the infertile man?
Authors: Caroppo Ettore , Skinner Michael K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although male infertility is currently diagnosed when abnormal sperm parameters are found, the poor predictive ability of sperm parameters on natural fecundity and medically assisted reproduction outcome poses the need for improved diagnostic techniques for male infertility. The accumulating evidence about the role played by the sperm epigenome in modulation of the early phases of embryonic development has led researchers to focus on the epigenetic mechanisms within the sperm epigenome to find new molecular markers of male infertility. Indeed, sperm epigenome abnormalities could explain some cases of unexplained male infertility in men showing normal sperm parameters and were found to be associated with poor embryo development in IVF cycles. The present mini-review summarizes the current knowledge about this interesting topic, starting from a description of the epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation (i.e. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs’ activity). We also discuss possible mechanisms by which environmental factors might cause epigenetic changes in the human germline and affect embryonic development, as well as subsequent generations' phenotypes. Studies demonstrating sperm epigenome abnormalities in men with male infertility are reviewed, with particular emphasis on those with the more severe form of spermatogenic dysfunction. Observations demonstrate that the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of sperm epigenome evaluation will help facilitate the management of men with male factor infertility.
Association of pre-existing maternal cardiovascular diseases with neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a cohort study in Sweden and British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hossin Muhammad Zakir , de la Cruz Lorena Fernández , McKay Kyla A , Oberlander Tim F , Sandström Anna , Razaz Neda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
We aimed to investigate the associations of pre-existing maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) in offspring.

Methods
This population-based cohort study included singletons live-born without major malformations in Sweden (n = 2 699 675) and British Columbia (BC), Canada (n = 887 582) during 1990–2019, with follow-up from age 1 year until the outcome, death, emigration or December 2020, whichever came first. The primary exposure was defined as a composite CVD diagnosed prior to conception: cerebrovascular disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, valvular and congenital heart diseases. The incidences of ADHD, ASD and ID, comparing offspring of mothers with versus without CVD, were calculated as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). These results were compared with models using paternal CVD as negative control exposure.

Results
Compared with offspring of mothers without CVD, offspring of mothers with CVD had 1.15-fold higher aHRs of ADHD [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.20] and ASD (95% CI 1.07–1.22). No association was found between maternal CVD and ID. Stratification by maternal CVD subtypes showed increased hazards of ADHD for maternal heart failure (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.61), cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08–1.32), congenital heart disease (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08–1.27), arrhythmia (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.19) and valvular heart disease (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00–1.24). Increased hazards of ASD were observed for maternal cerebrovascular disease (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04–1.46), congenital heart disease (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.33) and arrythmia (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.21). Paternal CVD did not show associations with ADHD, ASD or ID, except for cerebrovascular disease which showed associations with ADHD and ASD.

Conclusions
In this large cohort study, pre-existing maternal CVD was associated with increased risk of ADHD and ASD in offspring.
NCCP collisions with para-H2: Accurate potential energy surface and quantum dynamics at interstellar temperatures
Authors: Ritika  , Dhilip Kumar T J 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The effect of para-hydrogen (jp = 0) collisions on the rotational de-excitation transitions of molecule NCCP is investigated in this study. The scattering information is obtained by spherically averaging a four-dimensional potential energy surface (4DPES) over various H2 molecule orientations. The calculations used the CCSD(T)-F12a method and aug-cc-pVTZ basis set to generate a 4DPES for the NCCP–H2 van der Waals system. Within the NCCP–para-H2 4DPES, a minimum energy point of 191.82 cm−1 is attained at a distance of 3.6 Å from the centre of mass of H2 and NCCP. To compute cross-sectional data for NCCP interacting with para-H2 (jp = 0), close coupling calculations are employed, encompassing total energies up to 600 cm−1. The resulting rate coefficients [$k_{j{\rightarrow }j^{\prime }}(T$)] are calculated across a temperature range spanning from 5 K to 200 K. In accordance with propensity, even Δj = −2 transitions are highly preferred. Comparatively, the derived $k_{j{\rightarrow }j^{\prime }}(T$) for NCCP–H2 are determined to be 1.5–4.5 times of NCCP–He. This observation implies that relying on a scaling factor of 1.38 to extrapolate rate coefficients for H2 collisions from those of NCCP–He is not a reliable approach.
Swift/XRT observations of superorbital modulations in wind-fed supergiant X-ray binaries
Authors: Romano P , Bozzo E , Islam N , Corbet R H D 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first Swift/XRT long-term monitoring of 2S 0114+650, a wind-fed supergiant X-ray binary for which both orbital and superorbital periods are known (Porb ∼ 11.6 d and Psup ∼ 30.8 d). Our campaign, summing up to ∼79 ks, is the most intense and complete sampling of the X-ray light curve of this source with a sensitive pointed X-ray instrument, and covers 17 orbital, and 6 superorbital cycles. The combination of flexibility, sensitivity, and soft X-ray coverage of the X-ray telescope (XRT) allowed us to confirm previously reported spectral changes along the orbital cycle of the source and unveil the variability in its spectral parameters as a function of the superorbital phase. For completeness, we also report on a similar analysis carried out by exploiting XRT archival data on three additional wind-fed supergiant X-ray binaries IGR J16418−4532, IGR J16479−4514, and IGR J16493−4348. For these sources, the archival data provided coverage along several superorbital cycles but our analysis could not reveal any significant spectral variability.
Molecular Genetic Dissection of the Regulatory Network of Proton Motive Force in Chloroplasts
Authors: Shikanai Toshiharu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The proton motive force (pmf) generated across the thylakoid membrane rotates the Fo-ring of ATP synthase in chloroplasts. The pmf comprises two components: membrane potential (∆Ψ) and proton concentration gradient (∆pH). Acidification of the thylakoid lumen resulting from ∆pH downregulates electron transport in the cytochrome b6f complex. This process, known as photosynthetic control, is crucial for protecting photosystem I (PSI) from photodamage in response to fluctuating light. To optimize the balance between efficient photosynthesis and photoprotection, it is necessary to regulate pmf. Cyclic electron transport around PSI and pseudo-cyclic electron transport involving flavodiiron proteins contribute to the modulation of pmf magnitude. By manipulating the ratio between the two components of pmf, it is possible to modify the extent of photosynthetic control without affecting the pmf size. This adjustment can be achieved by regulating the movement of ions (such as K+ and Cl−) across the thylakoid membrane. Since ATP synthase is the primary consumer of pmf in chloroplasts, its activity must be precisely regulated to accommodate other mechanisms involved in pmf optimization. Although fragments of information about each regulatory process have been accumulated, a comprehensive understanding of their interactions is lacking. Here, I summarize current knowledge of the network for pmf regulation, mainly based on genetic studies.
Integrating network pharmacology and transcriptomic omics reveals that akebia saponin D attenuates neutrophil extracellular traps‐induced neuroinflammation via NTSR1/PKAc/PAD4 pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Gu Lingui , Ye Liguo , Chen Yihao , Deng Congcong , Zhang Xin , Chang Jianbo , Feng Ming , Wei Junji , Bao Xinjie , Wang Renzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNeutrophils and their production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) significantly contribute to neuroinflammation and brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although Akebia saponin D (ASD) demonstrates strong anti‐inflammatory activities and blood–brain barrier permeability, its role in regulating NETs formation and neuroinflammation following ICH is uncharted. Our research focused on unraveling the influence of ASD on neuroinflammation mediated by NETs and the mechanisms involved. We found that increased levels of peripheral blood neutrophils post‐ICH are correlated with worse prognostic outcomes. Through network pharmacology, we identified ASD as a promising therapeutic target for ICH. ASD administration significantly improved neurobehavioral performance and decreased NETs production in neutrophils. Furthermore, ASD was shown to upregulate the membrane protein NTSR1 and activate the cAMP signaling pathway, confirmed through transcriptome sequencing, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Interestingly, the NTSR1 inhibitor SR48692 significantly nullified ASD's anti‐NETs effects and dampened cAMP pathway activation. Mechanistically, suppression of PKAc via H89 negated ASD's anti‐NETs effects but did not affect NTSR1. Our study suggests that ASD may reduce NETs formation and neuroinflammation, potentially involving the NTSR1/PKAc/PAD4 pathway post‐ICH, underlining the potential of ASD in mitigating neuroinflammation through its anti‐NETs properties.
Caregiver Burden Associated with Pediatric Chronic Pain
Authors: Ngo Danny , Palmer Greta M. , Gorrie Andrew , Kenmuir Tracey , Crawford Matthew , Jaaniste Tiina 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
This retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated the nature and extent of burden experienced by caregivers of adolescents and children with chronic pain, and factors associated with increased caregiver burden.

Methods:
The Paediatric electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration (PaedePPOC) database provided prospectively collected data from 1,929 families attending 9 pediatric chronic pain services across Australia and New Zealand. Data included demographic information, responses to child pain and functioning measures, caregiver work impairment and psychosocial functioning.

Results:
Caregivers of pediatric chronic pain patients reported work impairment associated with their child’s pain (mean 15%±SD 25 absenteeism; 38%±SD 29 productivity lost), significantly worse than published international population norms (large-scale community survey data), most other caregiver samples of adults and children with other chronic conditions, and adult samples with various pain conditions. Caregivers reported considerable burden in multiple psychosocial functioning domains, particularly leisure functioning, pain-related catastrophizing, and adverse parenting behaviors (with greater pain-related avoidance). Caregiver psychosocial burden was significantly associated with child psychosocial functioning (β=−0.308, P<0.01), school absenteeism (β=0.161, P<0.01), physical disability (β=0.096, P<0.05) and pain duration (β=0.084, P<0.05), but not pain intensity. Caregiver work productivity lost was significantly associated with school absenteeism (β=0.290, P<0.01), child physical disability (β=0.148, P<0.01), child healthcare utilization (β=0.118, P<0.05) and worst pain intensity (β=0.101, P<0.05).

Discussion:
These results highlight the significant and varied impacts experienced by caregivers of children with chronic pain. This work is novel in reporting significant work impairment and confirms psychosocial burden in a larger sample than previous studies.
United States expert panel consensus on uniform nomenclature and diagnosis for neuropathic pruritus
Authors: Kwatra Shawn G. , Elmariah Sarina , Chisolm Sarah , Mollanazar Nicholas , Fassett Marlys , Cole Emily F. , Chen Suephy , Lerner Ethan , Berger Timothy , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: December 2023

Importance:
Neuropathic pruritus is a debilitating condition lacking a uniform approach to nomenclature and diagnosis.

Objective:
A panel of dermatologist experts in pruritus was convened to develop definitions, diagnostic recommendations, and treatment guidelines for neuropathic pruritus.

Evidence review:
A roundtable discussion of 10 experts was conducted on November 3, 2021, via the Zoom platform. This study follows the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research reporting guidelines for qualitative studies. A systematic review of prior literature on the definition, scope, diagnostic, and treatment was performed, looking at sources of treatment from 1991 to 2021. Consensus was defined as >70% agreement for acceptance of a definition or recommendation. A draft of evidence was subjected to revision by all participants and was endorsed by all participants.

Findings:
The roundtable identified definitions for neuropathic pruritus, which included different forms of the condition based on cause and presentation such as brachioradial pruritus, notalgia paresthetica, and scalp pruritus. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines were also established. Limitations of this process included lack of randomized controlled studies. These recommendations are also based on expert consensus and must be further supported by evidence-based outcomes research.

Conclusions:
Neuropathic pruritus contains numerous subtypes, causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment modalities. The recommendations developed by this panel are meant to serve as shared nomenclature for future clinical studies.