bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the neoplastic phenotype in the familial atypical multiple‐mole melanoma–pancreatic carcinoma syndrome
Authors: Rulyak Stephen J. , Brentnall Teresa A. , Lynch Henry T. , Austin Melissa A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies suggest that the familial atypical multiple‐mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome may predispose affected families to nonmelanoma carcinomas, including adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. It has been found that many of these families harbor mutations in the CDKN2A gene on chromosome 9p21. The phenotypic expression of CDKN2A mutations in these families has not been characterized fully.METHODSThe authors studied eight families that appeared to inherit multiple nevi, cutaneous melanomas, and pancreatic carcinomas in association with a CDKN2A germline mutation. The expression of disease within these families was examined, and segregation ratios were estimated to assess the patterns of inheritance according to various definitions of phenotype.RESULTSEither multiple nevi or pancreatic carcinoma was diagnosed in 53% of first‐degree relatives of the probands. The offspring of parents affected with multiple nevi, melanoma, or pancreatic carcinoma were significantly more likely to be affected themselves compared with the offspring of unaffected parents (48.9% vs. 16.7%; P = 0.004).CONCLUSIONSThe current results provide additional evidence that multiple nevi, melanoma, or pancreatic carcinoma may be inherited as autosomal‐dominant traits in families known to harbor CDKN2A mutations. Other malignancies may be a part of the phenotype in these families, although this hypothesis requires additional study. Cancer 2003;98:798–804. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11562
Phase II study of ecteinascidin 743 in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent osteosarcoma
Authors: Laverdiere Caroline , Kolb E. Anders , Supko Jeffrey G. , Gorlick Richard , Meyers Paul A. , Maki Robert G. , Wexler Leonard , Demetri George D. , Healey John H. , Huvos Andrew G. , Goorin Allen M. , Bagatell Rochelle , Ruiz‐Casado Ana , Guzman Cecilia , Jimeno Jose , Harmon David 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecurrent osteosarcoma is a drug‐resistant disease with a dismal prognosis. The objective of this Phase II study was to evaluate the activity of ecteinascidin 743 (ET‐743) as a salvage therapy in these patients.METHODSPatients with recurrent osteosarcoma who had received standard chemotherapeutic agents were eligible. ET‐743 was administered at a dose of 1500 μg/m2 as a 24‐hour infusion every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed during the first cycle.RESULTSTwenty‐five patients were enrolled, 23 of whom were assessable for response (median age of 18 years; range, 12–67 years). The median number of previous chemotherapeutic agents was five (range, three to eight previous agents). Sixty‐one cycles were administered (median number of cycles per patient was 2; range, 1–9 cycles per patient). Three patients (12%) achieved minor responses (49% 36% and 25%, respectively). Fifteen patients (60%) developed a transient elevation of hepatic transaminases (Grade 3 or 4 [according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria]), which was not cumulative. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 12 patients (48%) and 6 patients (24%), respectively. The mean area under the curve (AUC) in 4 patients experiencing Grade 4 toxicity (76.4 ± 29.3 ng × hr/mL) was significantly greater (P = 0.034) than that in those for whom the most severe toxicity was Grade 3 (39.5 ± 17.2 ng × hr/mL [n = 12]) or Grade 1‐2 (52.6 ± 15.6 ng × hr/mL [n = 5]). There were no other significant correlations found between pharmacokinetic variables and patient characteristics, toxicity, or therapeutic response.CONCLUSIONSET‐743 was found to be well tolerated in heavily pretreated osteosarcoma patients but had limited antitumor activity as a single agent. The combination of ET‐743 with cisplatin or doxorubicin should be considered. Cancer 2003;98:832–40. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11563
Obesity as a potential risk factor for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix
Authors: Lacey James V. , Swanson Christine A. , Brinton Louise A. , Altekruse Sean F. , Barnes Willard A. , Gravitt Patti E. , Greenberg Mitchell D. , Hadjimichael Olympia C. , McGowan Larry , Mortel Rodrigue , Schwartz Peter E. , Kurman Robert J. , Hildesheim Allan 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDHormonal factors may play a more prominent role in cervical adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma. The authors evaluated whether obesity, which can influence hormone levels, was associated with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.METHODSThis case–control study included 124 patients with adenocarcinoma, 139 matched patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 307 matched community control participants. All participants completed interviews and provided cervicovaginal samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Polytomous logistic regression‐generated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for self‐reported height and weight, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), and measured waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) for both histologic types were adjusted and stratified for HPV and other confounders.RESULTSHeight, weight, BMI, and WHR were positively associated with adenocarcinoma. BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (vs. BMI < 25 kg/m2; OR, 2.1 and 95% CI, 1.1–3.8) and WHR in the highest tertile (vs. the lowest tertile; OR, 1.8 and 95% CI, 0.97–3.3) were associated with adenocarcinoma. Neither height nor weight was found to be associated with squamous cell carcinoma, and associations for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR, 1.6) and WHR in the highest tertile (OR, 1.6) were weaker and were not statistically significant. Analyses using only HPV positive controls showed similar associations. The data were adjusted for and stratified by screening, but higher BMI and WHR were associated with higher disease stage at diagnosis, even among recently and frequently screened patients with adenocarcinoma. Thus, residual confounding by screening could not be excluded as an explanation for the associations.CONCLUSIONSObesity and body fat distribution were associated more strongly with adenocarcinoma than with squamous cell carcinoma. Although questions about screening remain, obesity may have a particular influence on the risk of glandular cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:814–21. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11567
The significance of thymidine phosphorylase/platelet‐derived endothelial cell growth factor activity in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Mizutani Yoichi , Wada Hiromi , Yoshida Osamu , Fukushima Masakazu , Kawauchi Akihiro , Nakao Masahiro , Miki Tsuneharu 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThymidine phosphorylase (TP) is identical to platelet‐derived endothelial cell growth factor (PDECGF) and has angiogenic activity. Little is known about the significance of TP/PDECGF activity in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The authors examined the enzymatic activity of TP in 66 RCC specimens and investigated the association between the level of TP activity and the stage/grade status of patients with RCC. Furthermore, the authors examined the correlation between TP/PDECGF activity and prognosis.METHODSTP activity levels in nonfixed, fresh‐frozen RCC specimens and in specimens of normal kidney were determined using a thin‐layer chromatography assay.RESULTSThe activity of TP was approximately 3.5‐fold greater in RCC specimens compared with normal kidney specimens. TP activity in patients with Stage III–IV RCC was 2.6‐fold greater compared with TP activity in patients with Stage I–II RCC. In addition, the level of TP activity was correlated with a higher grade of RCC. Patients who had RCC with low TP activity had a longer postoperative disease‐specific survival compared with patients who had RCC with high TP activity in the 5‐year follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSThe current study is the first to demonstrate a correlation between levels of TP activity and both disease progression and a higher grade of RCC. It also is the first to show that elevated TP activity in patients with RCC predicts a poor prognosis. The results suggest that high TP/PDECGF activity may be associated with the malignant potential of RCC and that TP/PDECGF may be a molecular therapeutic target in patients with RCC. Cancer 2003;98:730–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11570
Does retroperitoneal lymph node dissection have a curative role for patients with sex cord–stromal testicular tumors?
Authors: Mosharafa Ashraf A. , Foster Richard S. , Bihrle Richard , Koch Michael O. , Ulbright Thomas M. , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Donohue John P. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSex cord–stromal tumors account for < 5% of all adult testicular tumors, and 10% are malignant. Due to the limited reported experience, there is no agreement on the best management, especially in patients who have tumors with malignant pathologic features or who present with metastatic disease. The authors attempt to evaluate the role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the management of patients with these malignant sex cord–stromal tumors.METHODSReviewing the Indiana University testis cancer registry revealed 17 patients who underwent RPLND for sex cord–stromal tumors. Pathology was reviewed for features suggestive of malignancy. The data examined included clinical and pathologic stage, surgical procedure, additional therapy received, and outcome.RESULTSPathology included Leydig tumors in six patients, Sertoli tumors in four patients, sex cord–stromal tumors in five patients, a granulosa cell tumor in one patient, and a poorly differentiated non–germ cell tumor in one patient. Nine patients had histologic features suggestive of malignancy. Clinical stage at surgery was Stage I in nine patients and Stage IIA–IIIA in eight patients. Patients underwent modified or bilateral RPLND. Nine patients had pathologic Stage I tumors, and the remaining eight patients and had pathologic Stage IIB–IIIA tumors. Follow‐up ranged from 8 months to 11 years. Of the eight patients with Stage II–III disease, six patients eventually died of metastatic disease despite additional radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSSex cord–stromal tumors have a potentially aggressive malignant behavior that is difficult to predict based on clinical and pathologic features. Although the therapeutic role of RPLND in patients with small‐volume metastatic retroperitoneal tumors is unclear, RPLND remains an option to be performed immediately after orchiectomy, especially in patients who have tumors with malignant features and/or small‐volume metastatic disease. Cancer 2003;98:753–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Advanced seminoma—Treatment results and prognostic factors for survival after first‐line, cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and for patients with recurrent disease
Authors: Gholam Dany , Fizazi Karim , Terrier‐Lacombe Marie‐Jose , Jan Pascale , Culine Stephane , Theodore Christine 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced seminoma is a rare clinicopathologic entity. To the authors' knowledge, very few sizeable reports published to date have studied the outcome of patients with advanced seminoma after first‐line and salvage therapy, and few have dealt with prognostic factors initially or in patients with recurrent disease.METHODSThe records of 145 men with advanced seminoma who were treated with cisplatin‐based first‐line chemotherapy regimens were reviewed. Six patient characteristics, including age, prior radiotherapy, primary tumor site, initial serum lactate dehydrogenase and human chorionic gonadotropin levels, and disease stage, were studied as initial prognostic factors. In patients with recurrent disease, outcome according to the site of recurrence and the salvage treatment was also reviewed.RESULTSA complete response was obtained in 130 patients (90%) after cisplatin‐based first‐line chemotherapy, and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 81% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 73–87%). Nonpulmonary visceral metastasis at diagnosis was the only initial adverse prognostic factor. Thirty‐one patients (21%) developed recurrent disease. Recurrence in the liver or the central nervous system was a major adverse prognostic factor, with a 5‐year overall survival rate of 7% (95% CI, 1–32%), compared with 58% (95% CI, 33–79%) in patients who had lymph node, lung, or bone recurrences. The only durable complete remission after a liver recurrence was obtained with high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. All 12 patients who were treated for primary mediastinal seminoma with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy alone were long‐term disease free survivors.CONCLUSIONSOverall, the prognosis of patients with advanced seminoma was good after cisplatin‐based, first‐line chemotherapy. Metastasis in the liver or the central nervous system, initially or at recurrence, is currently the only proven adverse prognostic factor. Cancer 2003;98:745–52. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11574
Radiotherapy for patients with early‐stage glottic carcinoma
Authors: Franchin Giovanni , Minatel Emilio , Gobitti Carlo , Talamini Renato , Vaccher Emanuela , Sartor Giovanna , Politi Doriano , Trovò Mauro G. , Barzan Luigi 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRadiotherapy (RT) has a remarkable success rate in the treatment of patients with glottic carcinoma. The objectives of the current study were to assess the results in a group of consecutive patients with comparable characteristics who were treated with RT (6‐megavolt photon linear accelerator) and to determine the prognostic factors that may influence local control in patients with early‐stage glottic carcinoma. The impact on local control of tobacco smoking and second primary malignancies also was investigated.METHODSFour hundred ten patients with T1–T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis who were treated between 1986 and 2001 were analyzed retrospectively with regard to local control and overall survival. Potential prognostic factors for local control were evaluated with univariate and multivariate models. The impact of technologic advances also was evaluated.RESULTSThe 5‐year and 10‐year overall survival rates were 83% and 63.5%, respectively. The overall 10‐year local control rate for patients with T1–T2 glottic carcinoma was 89%. The median time to recurrence was 7 months. Univariate analysis showed that tumor category, tumor size, macroscopic appearance of the lesion, RT fraction size, persistent edema, year of RT treatment, unchanged dysphonia, and surgical option all had a significant influence on local control; whereas multivariate analysis showed that onlypersistentdysphonia and year of RT treatment were significantly associated with increased local control. A 22.2% rate of second primary malignancies was reported: second primary tumors were the major cause of death in the patients studied. Only 2 patients died of laryngeal carcinoma; 304 patients were alive with their disease in complete remission, 1 patient was alive with recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after undergoing salvage surgery, and 103 patients died of either intercurrent disease or a second primary tumor.CONCLUSIONSThe use of a 6‐megavolt photon linear accelerator achieved a high rate of local control in patients with T1–T2 glottic carcinoma. Dysphonia and the year of RT treatment were the most important prognostically significant factors for patient outcome. The occurrence of a second primary tumor was the most frequent cause of death, especially among patients who did not stop smoking after a diagnosis of glottic carcinoma. Cancer 2003;98:765–72. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11575
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Is there a potential for chemoprevention using cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors?
Authors: Koga Hironori 
Published: August 2003

AbstractInhibitors of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) have proapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects on malignant tumors and inhibit their invasion to surrounding tissues. These properties are derived from COX‐dependent and/or COX‐independent signaling via peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ. Although the role of COX‐2 involvement in human hepatocarcinogenesis has not been determined yet, selective COX‐2 inhibitors with COX‐independent properties may potentially suppress hepatocarcinogenesis. This hypothesis should be confirmed in in vivo studies using animal models. These studies may provide insights into any application of the COX‐2 inhibitor for primary and/or secondary chemoprevention. Cancer 2003;98:661–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11576
Measuring the side effects of taxane therapy in oncology
Authors: Cella David , Peterman Amy , Hudgens Stacie , Webster Kimberly , Socinski Mark A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCancer chemotherapy with some of the taxane class of agents can be associated with significant neurotoxicity, arthralgias, myalgias, and skin changes that may offset the therapeutic benefits of taxane use.METHODSThe authors developed and tested a set of questions to assess these important side effects of taxane therapy from the patient's perspective. The current study evaluated the taxane subscale of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) measurement system. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness to expected change were evaluated in the context of an ongoing clinical trial comparing four cycles of carboplatin plus paclitaxel with a strategy of carboplatin plus paclitaxel until disease progression in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).RESULTSThe 16‐item Taxane subscale score and the 11‐item peripheral neuropathy subset both demonstrated excellent internal consistency and concurrent validity, and the scores worsened as one would predict during a 12‐week treatment course of taxane therapy. Results of the psychometric analyses supported the use of this subscale for measuring the unwanted adverse consequences of effective cancer therapies. Measuring the patient perception of treatment side effects also allowed a preliminary exploration of the relative quality of life (QOL) impact of symptom relief and treatment toxicity. The results indicated that toxicity and symptom improvement may make relatively equivalent contributions to total QOL as measured by the summary score from a multidimensional QOL instrument, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General. However, symptom status and improvement appear to play a stronger role than taxane toxicity in patients' global rating of their QOL.CONCLUSIONSFuture research might examine this question of competing benefits as a potential aid to decision‐making regarding the administration of toxic therapies in the setting of advanced disease. Cancer 2003;98:822–31. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Cognitive‐behavioral intervention for distress in patients with melanoma
Authors: Trask Peter C. , Paterson Amber G. , Griffith Kent A. , Riba Michelle B. , Schwartz Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDMelanoma accounts for > 79% of skin cancer‐related deaths, although it accounts for only 4% of skin cancer incidence. Given the potential for lethality, it is likely that patients with melanoma may experience significant emotional distress. The current study was designed to determine the effect of a cognitive‐behavioral intervention on distress and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with melanoma who had medium‐to‐high distress.METHODSForty‐eight patients who had Global Severity Index scores ≥ 60 2 months after their initial visit to the multidisciplinary melanoma clinic were randomized to receive either standard care or 4 sessions of a cognitive‐behavioral intervention (CBI). Repeated assessments using the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form‐36, and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory occurred at baseline, at 2 months, and at 6 months after intervention for both groups.RESULTSAn intent‐to‐treat analysis did not reveal significantly lower distress in the CBI group at 2 months or 6 months of follow‐up, although differences were noted in anxiety and HRQOL. An effect‐of‐intervention analysis did reveal lower levels of distress in the CBI group at 2 months, with differences approaching significance at 6 months.CONCLUSIONSThe four‐session CBI significantly reduced distress and improved HRQOL for a period of 2 months in patients with melanoma who had medium‐to‐high distress, with improved general health evident 6 months after the intervention. Some variation in results was revealed in an intent‐to‐treat analysis. The initial evidence from the current study showed that a brief intervention may be effective for creating change in individuals with cancer who have increased distress, although further research is needed to identify the most optimal approach for delivering the intervention. Cancer 2003;98:854–64. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11579
Eighteen‐year results in the treatment of early breast carcinoma with mastectomy versus breast conservation therapy
Authors: Poggi Matthew M. , Danforth David N. , Sciuto Linda C. , Smith Sharon L. , Steinberg Seth M. , Liewehr David J. , Menard Cynthia , Lippman Marc E. , Lichter Allen S. , Altemus Rosemary M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDBetween 1979–1987, the National Cancer Institute conducted a randomized, prospective study of mastectomy (MT) versus breast conservation therapy (BCT) in the treatment of patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma. After a median potential follow‐up of 18.4 years, the authors present the updated results.METHODSAfter informed consent was obtained from each patient, 237 evaluable women with clinical AJCC Stage I and Stage II breast carcinoma were enrolled on an institutionally reviewed protocol and randomly assigned to undergo modified radical MT (116 patients) or BCT (121 patients), which was comprised of lumpectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and radiation therapy. Negative surgical margins in the lumpectomy arm were not required. The 237 randomized patients were followed for a median potential follow‐up of 18.4 years. The primary endpoints were overall survival and disease‐free survival.RESULTSAt a median follow‐up of 18.4 years, there was no detectable difference with regard to overall survival between patients treated with MT and those treated with BCT (58% vs. 54%; P = 0.67 overall). Twenty‐seven women in the BCT arm (22%) experienced an in‐breast event. After censoring in‐breast events in the BCT arm that were salvaged successfully by MT, disease‐free survival also was found to be statistically similar (67% in the MT arm vs. 63% in the BCT arm; P = 0.64 overall). There was no statistically significant difference with regard to contralateral breast carcinoma between the two treatment arms (P = 0.70).CONCLUSIONSAfter nearly 20 years of follow‐up, there was no detectable difference in overall survival or disease‐free survival in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma who were treated with MT compared with those treated with BCT. For BCT patients, long‐term in‐breast failures continued to occur throughout the duration of follow‐up. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of contralateral breast carcinoma between the two treatment groups. Cancer 2003;98:697–702. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11580