bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Magaterium (Bacillus) Bacterial Biofertilizer on Phosphorus and Vermicompost on Selected Potato Physiological Characteristics
Authors: Jaber Zeina Kareem , Oleiwi Mohammed Sallal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The addition of bacterial biofertilizer to treatment B1 was the highest rate of plant height at 50.27 cm, leaf area at 4291 (cm2 plant-1), and shoot total dry weight at 4.24 (mcg ha-
1). The addition of phosphorous sources to treatment P2 increased yield. The greatest leaf area rate was 4727 (cm2 plant-1) and plant height was 55.38 cm. It had the highest average vegetative total dry weight rate of 5.10 (mcg ha-1) and the highest rate with vermicompost in treatment F2. Plant height was 51.67 cm and delivered the greatest rate. The leaf area was 4956 (cm2 plant-1) and had the greatest vegetative total dry weight of 5.09 (mcg ha-1). The binary overlap treatment B1P2 had the maximum plant height of 54.07 cm and leaf area of 5337 (cm2 plant-1). Binary overlap B1F2 has the highest increase rate. The plant was 54.16 cm and had the maximum leaf area rate of 4961 (cm2 plant-1) and vegetative total dry weight of 4.52 (mcg ha-1). The binary overlap treatment P2F2 had the maximum plant height of 60.20 cm and leaf area of 5541 (cm2 plant-1). The highest plant height was 58.17 cm and leaf area was 6252 (cm2 plant-1). It also had the greatest shoot dry weight of 6.35 (mcg ha-1).
Effect of the Agricultural Sulfur Levels and Thiobacillus Bacteria on the Availability of some Nutrients and Broccoli Productivity
Authors: Jasim Donia Jabbar , Al-Tameemi Ali Jasim Hadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in an experimental field affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, during the fall season of 2022 to investigate the effect of bio-fertilizer and agricultural sulfur levels on the availability of nutrients and broccoli’s productivity. Split plot order in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) of three replicates was used comprising three levels of sulfur (0, 500, and 1000kg.ha-1) symbolized by S0, S1, and S2 forming the main plots, added to the soil before planting by two months, while the subplots were the bio-fertilizers represented by B0 and B1. Results showed the superiority of the third level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits involving the sulfur concentration in the soil after 30, 60, and 90 days from planting, reaching 45.4, 50.9, and 58.0 mg S.kg soil-1, nitrogen concentration after 45 and 90 day from planting that was 41.50 and 26.52 mg N. kg soil-1, phosphorous concentration after 45 days from planting that was 29.21 mg P. kg soil-1, and potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting that was 255.2 and 235.3 mg K. kg soil-1. The bio-fertilization was also superior in increasing elements in the soil, including sulfur concentration after 30, 60, and 90 days after planting was 44.7, 44.9, and 51.2 mg S. kg soil-1, nitrogen concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 35.3 and 22.53 mg N. kg soil-1, phosphorous concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 24.15 and 15.55 mg P. Kg soil-1, and potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 227.6 and 207.3 mg K. kg soil-1 as well as in the total yield in a value of 43.6 t.ha-1. For the binary interaction, the treatment of bio-fertilization with the third level of agriculture sulfur was superior, giving the highest values of element concentrations in the soil, including sulfur 30, 60, and 90 days after planting was 47.4, 55.5, and 66.1 mg S. kg soil-1, nitrogen concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 43.6 and 27.9mg N.kg soil-1, phosphorous concentration after 45 days from planting that was 30.12 mg P.kg soil-1, and potassium concentration 45 and 90 days after planting was 271.9 and 246.4 mg K. kg soil-1 in addition to the total yield that was 45.7t.ha-1.
The Effect of Various Plant Covers on the Adsorption and Desorption of Copper Ions in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Al-Janabi Yasir Hmood Ijresh , Saleh Ahmed Dhary , Sirhan M. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Four soils calcareous with different plant covers (tree cover, vegetable cover, field crop cover, and natural grass cover) were selected from Erbil city of northern Iraq. Six samples (2g form each sample) were prepared in the laboratory for four soils. The samples placed in plastic containers and treated with a solution containing copper sulfate. The concentration of copper ions was (0,5,10,25,50,100, and 200) mg L-1, shaken 24 hours, then left to settle down, then was filtered and the soil used was preserved. It was treated with the solution of Calcium chloride (0.01 M) to remove copper from the soil samples. Left for 4 hours with shaking then left to settle down and then filtered. Copper was measured in adsorption and filters by using AAS at 293 K where the amount of adsorption and liberation for copper was calculated. The Langmuir and Freundlich equations were chosen to detect the ability of soil to hold and release copper. A comparison between the two equations was done to choose the best one for describing adsorption using the coefficient of determination, which proved the superiority of the Langmuir equation at a rate of (91%), the four soils showed a high ability to hold copper, with a remarkable superiority for the soil of trees and vegetables, if the adsorption values ranged between (909-5000) mg kg-1. It was highest in the soil of trees and lowest in the soil of field crops. As for the binding energy, it was ranged between 1.16-7.0 mg L-1. The highest values were in the soil of vegetables and the lowest in the soil of grasses. In addition, Maximum buffering capacity was calculated, and its values ranged (1932-29950) L. Kg-1 had the highest values in the soil of trees and the lowest in the soil of grasses. As for the release process, the four soils showed a high ability to hold copper, and the percentages of release ranged (2.12-4.4%), the highest in the soil of grasses and the lowest percentages in the soil of trees.
Preparation of Land Cover and Land Use Maps for the Period 1976-2022 in Northern Kirkuk
Authors: Noori Noffa Wahab , Ismaeal Ammar S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A region representative of dry lands in northern Iraq in Kirkuk Governorate was chosen to prepare and map agricultural land uses based on remote sensing data in satellite images for a period of time from 1976 to 2022 and to calculate the volume of the area variation in the distribution of land cover Remote sensing software and applications were used by digital classification to distinguish. There are six spectral classes that represent, in fact, six classes represented by agricultural lands exploited for the cultivation of field crops (wheat and yellow corn), the class of barren lands and the class of pastures, as well as the class of mountainous regions and rocky outcrops, and the class of water and urban areas. Barren lands and poor use of agricultural lands Which occupies an area of 26.2 km2 of the region’s area is 350.81 square kilometers’, For 47 years, the region is still being exploited by cultivating very small areas which negatively affecting the increase in the volume of the desertification of the region and the deterioration of agricultural lands, and the region needs environmental re-planning by providing irrigation sources and requirements for successful land management to increase the area of agricultural lands that lead to achieving sustainable development that ensures the preservation of environmental resources natural.
Effect of Heavy Metals in the Tigris River Waters Behind Al-Kut Dam 2022-2023
Authors: Tuama Husam Mohammed , Rahman Jamal Nasser Abdul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was applied for the waters of the Tigris River, at the back of the Al-Kut Dam for the studied sections. The study period was 10 months, which six sections of the Tigris River at the back of the Al-Kut Dam were selected. The distance between one section and another was 1000 meters. Divide the cross-section of the river into six sections, the distance between one section and another was 1000 m. the level of concentration of some heavy elements (cadmium, Pb, lead (Cd), and chromium (Cr) was studied. The results showed that the analysis of the lead metals in the Tigris River behind Al-Kut Dam in the months of the study period was the highest value in the third section S3, which was 6.11 ug/L (0.0061 mg/L). It was measured in water samples on April, 2023. The lowest value was 2.62 ug/L (0.0026 mg/L) in the first section S1. The water samples were measured on January, 2023. The percentage of cadmium in the study sections ranged from the lowest value to 3.53 ug/L (0.00353 mg/L) for the fourth segment S4 in September, 2023. The highest value was 6.50 ug/L (0.0065 mg/L) for the fifth segment S5, April, 2023. The results of the chromium analysis showed between 1.58 ug/L (0.00158 mg/L) for the sixth section S6, which water samples were obtained on February, 2023. The fourth section samples were obtained on August gave the highest value 5.97 ug/L (0.0059 mg/L). All the results of heavy elements showed that the water samples of the studied sections of the Tigris River at the back of the AlKut Dam were within the permissible limits.
Effect of Irrigation with Acidified Water and Phosphorous, Iron and Zinc on Nutrients Concentration, Growth and Yield of Cabbage
Authors: Ahmed Firas W. , Al-Tameemi Ali Jasim Hadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To investigate the impact of acidified water and phosphorous, iron, and zinc on the concentration of nutrients, growth, and yield of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L.), a field experiment was conducted in an agricultural field (Research Station F) at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad in Iraq during the autumn season of 2021. On a bed of silty loam, The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial with three replicates, with the main panels corresponding to acidified water (Sulphuric acid H2SO4) at concentrations of 0 and 2 ml L-1, added with irrigation water using the drip irrigation system. There were five treatments: no fertilizer added, fertilizer added at zero, fifty, seventy-five, and one hundred percent of the fertilizer recommended (65 kg P h-1) fertilizer added at ten kilograms of iron per hour and five kilograms of zinc per hour, and no fertilizer applied. Results showed that sulfuric acid, phosphorus, iron, and zinc applications, as well as their interactions, significantly impacted leaf phosphorus, iron, and zinc concentrations, chlorophyll content, dry weight, and yield. However, the interference between the addition of sulfuric acid, phosphorus, iron, and zinc to the soil (2 ml L-1 + 65 kg P h-1 +10 kg Fe h-1 + 5 kg Zn h-1) resulted in the highest leaf phosphorus,
Preparing Maps of the Distribution of Organic Matter and Calcium Carbonate in Northern Iraq
Authors: Noori Noffa Wahab , Ismaeal Ammar S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study area was chosen within the agricultural lands in the north of Kirkuk governorate to prepare a map of organic matter and calcium carbonate content. It identified three sites in Kalwor, Shwan, and Altun Kupri and collected 20 representative surface samples of the soil of agricultural lands in these sites. The maps were prepared in a software environment Arc GIS. 20 surface samples of soil from sites north of Kirkuk were chosen, representative of the nature of land uses, including field crops, rangeland, and barren soils, to study the spatial variations of some chemical soil characteristics of Kirkuk Governorate. The results revealed the nature of spatial variations in the content of organic matter, as it ranged between (0.58-19.54) g kg-1, where the highest value was reached in ton coopers in lands exploited by growing field crops represented by corn, while the calcium carbonate content ranged between (208-365) g kg-1. In conclusion, moderate organic matter content was dominant, specifically in exploited agricultural lands that follow a good soil management system, while the very abundant and plentiful variety was in lands that were not agriculturally exploited. The very high content of calcium carbonate is prevalent in most of the lands of the study area, which need agricultural land management, especially because they suffer from a specific factor, which is the high content of calcium carbonate, and in the future, it may lead to desertification of these lands.
Isolated and Diagnose of some Fusarium Species Causing Head Blight in Wheat in the Southern Region of Iraq
Authors: Al-Dairi Sabah S. J. , Al-Waily Dhia S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The survey results conducted in the fields of Basrah, Maysan, and Thi Qar provinces showed varying infection rates of the wheat stripe rust disease. The highest infection rate of Basrah was recorded in Qurna at 59.12%, while the lowest was in Nushwa at 48.37% in Basrah province. In Maysan province, the highest rate was in Qamit at 65.45%, and the lowest was in Qal’at Salih at 39.88%. In Thi Qar province, the highest rate was in Qal’at Sukkar at 30.71%, and the lowest was in Al-Gharraf area at 27.04%. Isolation confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungi Fusarium pseudograminearum, F.graminearum, F. boothii, and F. culmorum from wheat plants. F. boothi is considered the first recorded registration of its kind on wheat in Iraq, and the diagnosis of isolated fungi was confirmed by molecular diagnosis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. All fungi showed the ability to infect wheat with head blight disease.
Development of a Solar Precooling Evaporative Chamber to Improve the Storage Indicators of Tomato Fruits in Desert Conditions
Authors: Alkhafaji Ayad Jameel , Alrubaye Alyaa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Precooling is one of the most important processing to improve storage indicators and shelf life for fruits and vegetables, especially in desert regions. An Evaporative cooling unit operating with solar energy was used to store summer tomato fruits. The main component is a developed evaporating wchamper, its consists of three walls, the inner wall was made of high conducting non-rust metal, water wall wich represented the middle part and the outer wall is made of highly porous pottery panels. On the other hand, an evaporative cooling unit was added to one of the store’s walls in order to provide humidity and cool air. The results were compared with a traditional storage room and field sorage in the same field conditions. The results showed a significant superiority of the developed pre-cooling champer parameters compared to the normal storage room and field storage the superiority of the two air speeds treatments (3.6 and 4.3 m.sec-1) compared to the non-operation of the evaporative cooling unit. the superiority was observed in indicators of fruits temperature, hardness, TSS, lost weight ratio and number of storage days of tomato fruits. This result comes from the good conditions of temperature and humidity in the pre-cooling chamber.
Study on the development of waste banks post-pandemic in semarang city
Authors: Samadikun B P , Nugraha W D , Rahayu A P , Napitupulu J C W , Fuad T S , Amartia N U , Rachmayani A H , Rahma A S G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has hampered many activities, one of which is the waste bank activity. As the pandemic period has passed, many activities have returned to normal.There are several waste bank units in Semarang City, one of which is in the Gedawang Village, Banyumanik District, which is still active after the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to find out the development of waste banks post-pandemic. Research techniques using survey methods, with in-depth interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The analysis technique uses quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that in 2023 the number of active waste banks in Gedawang Village, Banyumanik District, will be 23 units spread throughout the urban village area with an average number of customers for each waste bank of around 140 families. After the pandemic, the development of waste banks has increased, as evidenced by the answers from 63.6% of respondents who came from waste bank managers. The reason for this development is the government’s encouragement and concern for the environment (45.5% of respondents). The level of enthusiasm from the community is still relatively moderate (54.5%) and the increase in post-pandemic waste bank performance is 54.5%.
Utilization of magnetic GAC adsorbent for the removal of COD and BOD parameters in tofu wastewater
Authors: Zaman B , Hardyanti N , Purwono  , Saputra A T , Aprianto R , Zulhizah H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The tofu industry in Indonesia has mainly not processed its waste before it is discharged into the environment. This study seeks to ascertain the effectiveness of granular activated carbon magnetic adsorbents in removing pollutant characteristics from tofu wastewater. The effectiveness of the allowance resulting from the processing procedure will be assessed using variations in the mass of magnetic granular activated carbon and adsorption time. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and magnetic GAC production are activated using a modified green coprecipitation approach. Tofu wastewater samples used in this study contained COD of 5080 mg/L and BOD of 828 mg/L. The magnetic GAC variations with an adsorbent mass of 7.5 g/L and an absorption duration of 60 minutes, a COD value of 2930 mg/L, and an allowance ability of 42.32%, have the best ability to remove COD, according to the research done for the COD test. The allowed for the BOD parameters that produced the best results was 345 mg/L, and the 45-minute absorption time treatment with a GAC concentration of 10 g/L resulted in a removal efficiency of 58.38%.
LUSI sediment characteristics and its distribution pathway in the porong river
Authors: Yanti R M K , Soemitro R A A , Maulana M A , Satrya T R , Warnana D D , Muntaha M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Porong River has been utilized to remove mud from the Sidoarjo mud volcano through the spillway since September 2006. The existence of Sidoarjo Mud (LUSI) in the river adds to the source of sediment, resulting in high-capacity sediment transport and increased sediment concentration, affecting the ecosystem and river capacity. To determine sediment deposition around the LUSI outfall area, this study analyzed nine sections to obtain bed material data. Each section has three observation points to collect material samples to produce comprehensive data. The cross-section stretches from the LUSI outfall area downstream, with a cross-sectional distance of 1 km, so the total length is 9.5 km. The study found clear changes in sediment composition across the analyzed area, with sand dominating the sediment profile in the upper reaches of the LUSI outfall. Sand dominance is due to local scour on the bridge pillars and groundsills on the river bed. In addition, these muds show characteristic depositional pathways, concentrated mainly along the river banks. This study highlights the importance of understanding sediment dynamics, influenced by variations in sediment sources, in disaster management and mitigation.
Physical and Chemical Treatability Study in Wastewater Treatment Plant Design (Case Study: Leather Tanning Industry)
Authors: Junaidi  , Sudarno  , Santoso Rena 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The leather tanning industrial is one of the industries that produces wastewater from its production process which contains several contaminants. In wastewater treatment plant design, the treatability study is important because it becomes a consideration in selecting treatment units in wastewater treatment plant based on the characteristics of the wastewater produced. Two methods were carried out in this treatability study, the physical method with imhoff cone sedimentation and the chemical method with jar test. The results of imhoff cone test found that the removal efficiency for wastewater samples was 80% of COD, 72% of BOD, 64.6% of TSS, 72% of total chromium, and 80% of color with the optimum sedimentation time of 50 minutes. Furthermore, the waste water sample was tested by the jar test by adding PAC and FeCl3. The results of the jar test obtained the optimum coagulant dose of 3000 mg/L with PAC coagulant, it was capable of removing 77% of COD, 33% of BOD, 92.68% of TSS, 33% of total chromium, and 98% of color. Based on the results achieved from this study, the physical and chemical treatment can be considered for use in WWTP planning in the leather tanning industry.
Potential of aerobic granular sludge technology for domestic wastewater treatment of high ammonia from urea fertilizer industry
Authors: Intan B L , Setianingsih N I , Sudarno  , Sumiyati S , Purba R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fertilizer is the main element that has an essential role in the sector of agriculture. Urea fertilizer has a source of Nitrogen with 46.04%. Ammonia is a chemical complex that is used and produced from the processing of urea fertilizer. A specific domestic wastewater quality standard for industry explains that the maximum level of ammonia allowed in effluent water was 10 mg/l. In the urea fertilizer industry wastewater treatment results were found to be in the range of 19.49 - 42.4 mg/l. Activated sludge technology is considered fairly effective in wastewater treatment but requires a large amount of energy and additional land for handling excess sludge. From the disadvantages, it is necessary to conduct research related to the effectiveness of high ammonia wastewater treatment that is environmentally friendly. Aerobic granule is characterized by a compact and dense structure, high biomass residence time, resistance to shock loading and toxic compounds, and a high settling speed so that it can produce a compact reactor design. Aerobic granule allows ammonia removal to reach more than 97%. This article aims to review the potential of implementing the use of aerobic granular sludge technology for ammonia removal in the wastewater of the urea fertilizer industry.
Is bio-labeled material always environmentally friendly? Investigation of 5 types of shopping bags in Indonesia by impact assessment
Authors: Abidin A Z , Steven S , Trirahayu D A , Yemensia E V , Soekotjo E S A , Sasongko N A , Nathania M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
From the outdated understanding, bio-labeled materials seem always environmentally friendly even though it does not necessarily true. A new approach by impact assessment should be performed to meet sustainability. It examines the impact from its cradle, gate, and grave. In this study, an impact assessment was conducted for 5 types of shopping bags that are often used in Indonesia, i.e. virgin HDPE plastic, oxo-biodegradable plastic, goodie bag, bioplastic, and recycled plastic, in a sequential term. The analysis started with raw material, production process, product distribution and storage, product usage, and disposal/recycling. The functional unit was based on 1 kg of product. Based on the results, the total energy requirements are 6.16 kWh/kg, 6.17 kWh/kg, 6.16 kWh/kg, 12.04 kWh/kg, and 1.10 kWh/kg. Meanwhile, global warming potential as CO2 equivalent is 4.80 kg/kg, 4.81 kg/kg, 4.80 kg/kg, 10.43 kg/kg, and 0.80 kg/kg. Although bioplastic is easy to degrade in the landfill, it consumes intense land use and water requirements compared to other types of plastic. Therefore, it is summarized that the most environmentally friendly plastic is recycled plastic and then followed by virgin HDPE plastic, oxo-biodegradable plastic, goodie bag, and bioplastic. Consequently, bio-labeled materials are not always more environmentally friendly than others.