bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the advancement in artificial intelligence on laboratory medicine in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Challenges and recommendations—A literature review
Authors: Oduoye Malik Olatunde , Fatima Eeshal , Muzammil Muhammad Ali , Dave Tirth , Irfan Hamza , Fariha F. N. U. , Marbell Andrew , Ubechu Samuel Chinonso , Scott Godfred Yawson , Elebesunu Emmanuel Ebuka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsArtificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in laboratory medicine, promising significant advancements in healthcare delivery. This study explores the potential impact of AI on diagnostics and patient management within the context of laboratory medicine, with a particular focus on low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsIn writing this article, we conducted a thorough search of databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar within 20 years. The study examines AI's capabilities, including learning, reasoning, and decision‐making, mirroring human cognitive processes. It highlights AI's adeptness at processing vast data sets, identifying patterns, and expediting the extraction of actionable insights, particularly in medical imaging interpretation and laboratory test data analysis. The research emphasizes the potential benefits of AI in early disease detection, therapeutic interventions, and personalized treatment strategies.ResultsIn the realm of laboratory medicine, AI demonstrates remarkable precision in interpreting medical images such as radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Its predictive analytical capabilities extend to forecasting patient trajectories and informing personalized treatment strategies using comprehensive data sets comprising clinical outcomes, patient records, and laboratory results. The study underscores the significance of AI in addressing healthcare challenges, especially in resource‐constrained LMICs.ConclusionWhile acknowledging the profound impact of AI on laboratory medicine in LMICs, the study recognizes challenges such as inadequate data availability, digital infrastructure deficiencies, and ethical considerations. Successful implementation necessitates substantial investments in digital infrastructure, the establishment of data‐sharing networks, and the formulation of regulatory frameworks. The study concludes that collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including international organizations, governments, and nongovernmental entities, are crucial for overcoming obstacles and responsibly integrating AI into laboratory medicine in LMICs. A comprehensive, coordinated approach is essential for realizing AI's transformative potential and advancing health care in LMICs.
Beyond genotype‐4: Direct‐acting antiviral agents in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ismail Mona H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDirect‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, resulting in a high sustained virologic response (SVR) rate. However, the published data from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia are limited to small patient groups and specific DAAs used for patients with genotype‐4.(GT‐4). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of DAAs for treating HCV infection in Saudi Arabia in a real‐life setting.MethodsThis retrospective study from January 2015 to December 2019 included all HCV‐infected patients who received DAAs at a tertiary university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Baseline characteristics and laboratory data were collected from health records, including HCV RNA level, genotype, and presence of liver cirrhosis or steatosis. The primary outcome was undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12). Results were stratified based on different DAAs and HCV genotypes. Treatment‐related adverse events were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0.ResultsOf the 117 patients included, 43.2% had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, and the majority (90.6%) were treatment‐naïve. The mean age was 50.1 ± 15.5 years, with 57.3% females. The most common genotype was GT‐4 (44.4%), followed by GT‐1 (40.2%). Most patients (64.3%) received sofosbuvir and daclatasvir ± ribavirin, while the remaining patients received various DAAs. Overall, 98.3% of the patients achieved SVR12. The therapy was well tolerated, with fatigue and headache being the most common side effects.ConclusionsTreatment with DAAs is highly effective across different genotypes and various DDA regimens in the real world for treating HCV infection in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, contributing to improved patient outcomes and the overall goal of HCV elimination.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with hypoparathyroidism: A narrative review
Authors: Abdolmaleki Maryam , Ohadi Laya , Maleki Saba 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by low blood calcium levels, elevated phosphorus levels, and insufficient parathyroid hormone production. It can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a cardiac condition characterized by enlarged ventricles and reduced heart function. This review aims to explore the relationship between hypoparathyroidism and DCM, the impact of calcium on cardiac function, and the potential for DCM reversal with calcium supplementation.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant keywords and Mesh terms. Case reports evaluating dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with Hypoparathyroidism were included in the study. Additionally, references cited in each study were carefully examined to identify relevant reports. The cases included in the review were analyzed, and common cardiac manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management were identified.ResultsDCM in hypoparathyroidism presents with symptoms of heart failure, reduced ejection fraction, and impaired left ventricular function. Laboratory tests show low serum calcium levels and elevated phosphate levels. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplementation can lead to improvements in cardiac function.ConclusionHypoparathyroidism‐induced DCM is reversible with timely calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Patient compliance with prescribed medications and supplements is crucial to prevent and manage cardiac complications. Regular follow‐up check‐ups and monitoring of calcium levels can aid in early detection and improve patient outcomes. Educating patients about the importance of treatment adherence can significantly reduce the risk of developing DCM and other cardiac symptoms associated with hypoparathyroidism. Routine follow‐up of DCM among patients with endocrine disorders is recommended.
Prenatal care utilization and perinatal outcomes among pregnant adolescents in Mexico, 2008–2019
Authors: Hayer Sarena , Fuentes‐Rivera Evelyn , Schiavon Raffaela , Darney Blair G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe utilization of prenatal care and outcomes of low birth weight and preterm birth among adolescent births in Mexico.MethodsWe used birth certificate data and included live births to individuals 10–24 years, 2008–2019. Our outcomes were binary measures of adequate prenatal care, low birth weight, and preterm birth. We compared adolescents (10–14 years, 15–16, and 17–19) to those 20–24 years. We included individual‐, clinical‐, and municipality‐level variables, used multivariable logistic regression, and calculated adjusted predicted probabilities. We also tested whether receipt of prenatal care moderated the relationship of age with preterm birth and low birth weight.ResultsWe included a total of 12 106 710 births to women 10–24 years. The adjusted predicted probability of adequate prenatal care increased with age: 56.07% (95% CI 55.82–56.31%) adjusted probability among adolescents 10–14 years compared with 65.51% (95% CI 65.48%–65.55%) among individuals 20–24 years. Receipt of adequate prenatal care in part mitigated disparities in preterm birth and low birthweight across all age groups: 7.30% (95% CI 7.17%–7.43%) adjusted probability of delivering a preterm infant among those 10–14 years who received adequate prenatal care compared with 9.37% (95% CI 9.20%–9.53%) among those 10–14 years without adequate prenatal care.ConclusionIn Mexico, adolescent pregnancies are associated with inadequate prenatal care as well as higher odds of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Youngest adolescents (10–14 years) have the highest probability of adverse outcomes. Adequate prenatal care may help partially mitigate disparities in poor perinatal outcomes.
Brain tumor segmentation and survival time prediction using graph momentum fully convolutional network with modified Elman spike neural network
Authors: Ramkumar M. , Kumar R. Sarath , Padmapriya R. , Karthick S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBrain tumor segmentation (BTS) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of therapeutic results. Thus, this research work proposes a novel graph momentum fully convolutional network with a modified Elman spike neural network (MESNN) for BTS and overall survival prediction (OSP). Initially, the introduced graph momentum fully convolutional network segments the brain tumor as enhanced tumor, the tumor core, and the whole tumor from the pre‐processed MRI scans. Second, the texture, intensity, shape, and wavelet features were extracted from the segmented tumors. Then, the horse herd optimization algorithm is utilized to minimize the feature's dimensionality. Finally, the OSP is performed by the MESNN which classifies the survival prediction of a patient as long‐term, mid‐term, and short‐term. The achieved segmentation accuracy of proposed method is 97% and the survival prediction's average RMSE is 215.5.
Assessing the water use efficiency of irrigated fruit crops in semi‐arid regions of Brazil using remote sensing and meteorological data
Authors: Costa Jéfferson de Oliveira , Coelho Rubens Duarte , Guimarães Edna Alves , Quiloango‐Chimarro Carlos Alberto , Fernandes André Luís Teixeira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe irrigated perimeter of Jaíba‐MG is located in a semi‐arid region of Brazil, which makes irrigation practices necessary in order to guarantee agricultural production. This need occurs in the context of limited water resources and, therefore, it is necessary to study ways to optimize water use efficiency (WUE). For this, it is necessary to obtain local and precise estimates of the crop coefficient (Kc) and the reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The objective of this study was to evaluate the water requirements and WUE of banana, lemon and mango crops in the irrigated perimeter region of Jaíba using satellite images and meteorological data. Landsat 8 satellite images from 2020 and 2021 were used to estimate the local Kc of these crops. Three methodologies for estimating local Kc were adopted: METRIC, NDVI and NDVI 2. The Kc NDVI method stood out when compared with the standard method (FAO Bulletin 56), with RMSEs of 0.11, 0.16 and 0.20 for banana, lemon and mango, respectively, showing the potential of this methodology. The overall average WUE values for banana, lemon and mango crops were 2.19, 1.58 and 1.58 kg m−3, respectively. The results could allow important advances in water management for fruit crops under semi‐arid conditions.
Filling the form: Expressive Therapies Continuum‐guided treatment of narcissistic personality disorder
Authors: Hinz Lisa D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSara was a 65‐year‐old Caucasian woman who requested art therapy after the death of her partner. She had experienced incest by her father and verbal abuse by her mother until she left home at 21. Her life was characterized by broken relationships due to alienating anger outbursts and an interrupted work history; she met three criteria for narcissistic personality disorder. Sara initially was socially isolated and intellectualizing. She desired recognition but was fearful of exposure. The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) theoretical framework, which consisted of a gradual progression from cognitively‐dominated sessions to more emotionally focused processing, guided the therapeutic work. The ETC theory encourages transparency and collaboration between therapist and client regarding therapeutic tasks and goals, and provides a framework for addressing and repairing ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. Art therapy began with the cognitive tasks which Sara completed relatively comfortably, then encouraged integration of emotion via expressive writing, diagrams, and body mapping. Through careful attention to repair of ruptures by directly discussing and adapting the direction and tasks of therapy, Sara slowly was able to experience emotions other than anger. She integrated cognitive and emotional insights about her life and developed empathy for her childhood self. At termination Sara had cultivated two friendships and met only one criterion of NPD. Limitations of this case study include a lack of research evidence for ETC‐guided art therapy with NPD clients and by the retrospective approach. Future research efforts could provide this support by encouraging clinicians to conduct prospective case study research.
Epitranscriptomics m6A analyses reveal distinct m6A marks under tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α)‐induced apoptotic conditions in HeLa cells
Authors: Akçaöz‐Alasar Azime , Tüncel Özge , Sağlam Buket , Gazaloğlu Yasemin , Atbinek Melis , Cagiral Umut , Iscan Evin , Ozhan Gunes , Akgül Bünyamin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a ligand that induces both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in HeLa cells by modulating complex gene regulatory mechanisms. However, the full spectrum of TNF‐α‐modulated epitranscriptomic m6A marks is unknown. We employed a genomewide approach to examine the extent of m6A RNA modifications under TNF‐α‐modulated apoptotic conditions in HeLa cells. miCLIP‐seq analyses revealed a plethora of m6A marks on 632 target mRNAs with an enrichment on 99 mRNAs associated with apoptosis. Interestingly, the m6A RNA modification patterns were quite different under cisplatin‐ and TNF‐α‐mediated apoptotic conditions. We then examined the abundance and translational efficiencies of several mRNAs under METTL3 knockdown and/or TNF‐α treatment conditions. Our analyses showed changes in the translational efficiency of TP53INP1 mRNA based on the polysome profile analyses. Additionally, TP53INP1 protein amount was modulated by METTL3 knockdown upon TNF‐α treatment but not CP treatment, suggesting the existence of a pathway‐specific METTL3‐TP53INP1 axis. Congruently, METLL3 knockdown sensitized HeLa cells to TNF‐α‐mediated apoptosis, which was also validated in a zebrafish larval xenograft model. These results suggest that apoptotic pathway‐specific m6A methylation marks exist in cells and TNF‐α‐METTL3‐TP53INP1 axis modulates TNF‐α‐mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells.
Artificial Intelligence in battling infectious diseases: A transformative role
Authors: Li Chunhui , Ye Guoguo , Jiang Yinghan , Wang Zhiming , Yu Haiyang , Yang Minghui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that infectious diseases have wrought immense havoc on human society, being regarded as adversaries from which humanity cannot elude. In recent years, the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has ushered in a revolutionary era in the realm of infectious disease prevention and control. This evolution encompasses early warning of outbreaks, contact tracing, infection diagnosis, drug discovery, and the facilitation of drug design, alongside other facets of epidemic management. This article presents an overview of the utilization of AI systems in the field of infectious diseases, with a specific focus on their role during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The article also highlights the contemporary challenges that AI confronts within this domain and posits strategies for their mitigation. There exists an imperative to further harness the potential applications of AI across multiple domains to augment its capacity in effectively addressing future disease outbreaks.
Emergence and high prevalence of unusual rotavirus G8P[8] strains in outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhong Huaqing , Jia Ran , Xu Menghua , Liu Pengcheng , Su Liyun , Cao Lingfeng , Zhu Xunhua , Lu Lijuan , Xu Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGroup A rotavirus (RVA) is considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups, especially in children. We investigated the epidemiology of RVA in outpatients aged ≤ 16 years at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. In this study, 16.6% (246/1482) were infected with RVA. The detection rate of RVA was significantly higher in the year of 2021 (20.3%, 147/725) compared to the year of 2020 (14.5%, 77/531) and 2022 (9.7%, 22/226) (p = 0.000). RVA infection was prevalent in all seasons from 2020 to 2022, with a different monthly distribution observed in different years. Among 246 RVA‐positive samples, 14 different RVA genotypes were detected with different frequencies. Overall, G9P[8] (45.5%, 112/246) was the most common RVA genotype, followed by G8P[8] (37.4%, 92/246) and G3P[8] (4.1%, 10/246). The prevalence of G/P combinations varied from 2020 to 2022. G9P[8] was the most prevalent circulating genotype in 2020 (68.2%, 15/22) and 2021 (57.8%, 85/147). However, G8P[8] (68.8%, 53/77) suddenly became the most prevalent genotype in 2022 after being first identified in 2020 and prevalent in 2021. The G8 strains detected in the study were all clustered to DS‐1‐like G8 strains with the closest genetic distance to strains circulating in Southeast Asia. Our study demonstrated the diversity of circulating RVA genotypes in Shanghai. The sudden emergence and high prevalence of unusual G8P[8] strains deserve more concern and indicate the need for continuous surveillance of RVA in children with AGE in the future to refine future vaccine strategy.
Top 10 research priorities for digital technology for adolescents and young persons with inflammatory bowel disease: Results of a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Narula Priya , Gasparetto Marco , Wong Charlotte , Branchflower Jacob , Sebastian Shaji , McLaughlin John , Rao Arati , Wakeman Ruth , Ainley Rachel , Smith Philip J. , Kammermeier Jochen , Younge Lisa , Randall Sophie , Bukhari Seema , Manson Jess , Ellis Patricia , Arebi Naila ,   the James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership for Digital Technology for Adolescents and YP with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesPriority Setting Partnerships (PSP's) using the James Lind Alliance (JLA) methodology, bring together health professionals, patients and parents/carers to identify and prioritise unanswered questions that can be addressed by future research projects. To identify and prioritise the top 10 unanswered research priorities in digital technology for adolescents and young people (AYP) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsA steering group (SG) consisting of AYP with IBD, their parents/carers, representatives from two charities (Crohn's & Colitis UK, Crohn's in Childhood Research Association), patient information forum and paediatric and adult and primary care healthcare professionals was established in 2021. The SG agreed the protocol, and scope of the PSP and oversaw all aspects. SG meetings were chaired by a JLA advisor and followed the established JLA methodology.ResultsThe initial survey generated 414 in‐scope questions from 156 respondents, thematically categorised into 10 themes and consolidated into 92 summary questions by the SG. A comprehensive literature review followed by SG deliberation narrowed the unanswered summary questions to 45, for the interim prioritising survey. One hundred and two respondents ranked their top 10 research questions. Outputs generated top 18 research priorities presented at a final virtual prioritisation workshop, facilitated by JLA advisors and attended by key stakeholders, ranked into top 10 research priorities.DiscussionThe top 10 research priorities will encourage researchers to undertake research that addresses these areas of unmet need for AYP living with IBD, their parents/carers and their healthcare professionals, thereby facilitating improved patient care.
Advancing clinical cancer care: Unveiling the power of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Li Xue , Yang Guang , Zhang Shuwen , Ren He 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTumors are characterized by abnormal cell growth, which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, invasion of surrounding tissues, and potential metastasis to other parts of the body. Current treatments for tumors include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and biological therapy. However, many tumors are detected at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of these treatments. Therefore, there is a need to develop more sensitive and efficient techniques to improve patient survival rates. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology is a highly sensitive molecular detection and characterization technique. It can be combined with histomorphology, immunolabeling assays, and molecular hybridization to achieve quantitative diagnosis at morphological, molecular, and genetic levels. SERS offers advantages such as objectivity, reproducibility, and comparability. However, there are challenges to address, including complex substrate or probe preparation, cumbersome data analysis, and signal reproducibility and reliability. To fully utilize the potential of SERS in the biomedical field and for clinical translation, it is important to optimize the technology and develop more sensitive, accurate, and reliable substrate or probe preparation and analysis methods. This review aims to comprehensively explain the mechanism and unique advantages of SERS technology and discuss its current status, challenges, and prospects in tumor‐related research.
Medial meniscal lesions increase antero‐posterior laxity in knees with anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Franceschini Marco , Reale Davide , Boffa Angelo , Andriolo Luca , Tortorella Fabio , Grassi Alberto , Filardo Giuseppe , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to quantify the impact of concomitant meniscal lesions on knee laxity using a triaxial accelerometer in a large population of patients affected by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.MethodsA total of 326 consecutive patients (261 men and 65 women, mean age 31.3 ± 11.3) undergoing primary ACL reconstruction, were preoperatively evaluated through Lachman and pivot shift tests using a triaxial accelerometer to quantify knee laxity. An analysis based on the presence of meniscal tears assessed during surgery was performed to evaluate the impact of meniscal lesions on knee laxity.ResultsThe anterior tibial translation (Lachman test) presented significantly higher values in patients with medial meniscal lesions (7.3 ± 1.7 mm, p = 0.049) and both medial and lateral meniscal lesions (7.7 ± 1.6 mm, p = 0.001) compared to patients without concomitant meniscal lesions (6.7 ± 1.3 mm). Moreover, patients with both medial and lateral meniscal lesions presented significantly higher values of anterior tibial translation compared to patients with lateral meniscal lesions (p = 0.049). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of tibial acceleration (pivot shift test).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the contribution of concomitant meniscal lesions to knee laxity can be objectively quantified using a triaxial accelerometer in ACL‐injured knees. In particular, medial meniscus lesions, alone or in association with lateral meniscus lesions, determine a significant increase of the anterior tibial translation compared to knees without meniscus tears.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.