bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in cattle: 11 cases (1974-1988)
Authors: Hull Bruce L. , Koenig Gerard J. , Monke Donald R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A mixed population of 11 cattle (7 dairy, 4 beef; 9 male, 2 female) were examined because of acute onset of non-weightbearing hind limb lameness. Radiography revealed slipped capital femoral epiphyseal fracture in all cattle, with the exception of one large bull. Ten of the 11 cattle were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, using intramedullary pins. Cattle affected with slipped capital femoral epiphyseal fracture in previous reports typically have been calves that required forced extraction during dystocia. Cattle in this report were in the following 2 age groups in which trauma was the likely cause: 3 to 5 months and 1.5 to 2.3 years. Follow-up information was provided for 7 of the 10 cattle. Four of the 7 were functional and had no clinical signs of arthritis, abnormal gait, atrophy, scarring, contralateral compensation, breakdown, or other difficulty 6 months after surgical correction. If early diagnosis is achieved, it appears that reduction with intramedullary pinning can provide a good long-term prognosis in cattle when function as breeding animals is important to their future value.
Treatment of atrial fibrillation in horses by intravenous administration of quinidine
Authors: Muir William W. , Reed Stephen M. , McGuirk Sheila M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Intravenous administration of quinidine gluconate converted atrial fibrillation (af) to sinus rhythm in 9 of 12 horses. Twelve horses that were diagnosed by ecg to have af were administered up to 11 mg of quinidine gluconate/kg of body weight in 1.0 -to 1.5-mg/kg bolus injections every 10 to 15 minutes. The total dose of quinidine administered iv ranged from 1.8 to 5.8 g. Increased ventricular rate, apprehension, and mild depression were observed during treatment. Other signs of toxicosis were not observed. One horse was successfully treated with iv administered quinidine gluconate on 3 occasions. Intravenous administration of quinidine is a safe and effective alternative for treatment of af in some horses.
Evaluation of intraperitoneal and intrahepatic administration of a euthanasia agent in animal shelter cats
Authors: Grier Ronald L. , Schaffer Caroline B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
One hundred eighty-one adult cats, with body weight > 1.8 kg, were obtained from animal shelters, then were administered a sodium pentobarbital-lidocaine euthanasia agent by either the intraperitoneal (ip; n = 77) or intrahepatic (ih; n = 85) route. A preliminary study (n = 19 cats) indicated that most cats gave no indication of perception of injection (responding) if restraint was minimal and injection was rapid. During ip injection, 3 of the 77 cats (4%) responded (turned the head backward or vocalized). Of the 85 cats given ih injection, 8 (9%) responded; however, no response approached the magnitude of that observed after im injection of ketamine hydrochloride. After either injection route, cats were observed for excitement (any exaggerated activities of stage-I and -II anesthesia (eg, vocalizing, flopping, sneezing, licking, running, paddling), and after cardiac standstill, cats were necropsied to identify exact location (final site) of the injection. Of 53 initial ip injections, final site for 22 (42%) was in the peritoneal cavity (pc). Use of a sideport needle (n = 24) did not significantly increase accuracy of ip injection. The small and large intestines were penetrated by 27% (15/55) of the ip injections from the right side, and the spleen was penetrated by 32% (7/22) of the left-side injections. Intrahepatic injection was significantly (P < 0.05) more accurate, with 70 of 85 (82%) of the final sites being the liver only, the liver/pc, or the pc only. Twenty-five percent (13/53) of ip injections resulted in excitement (all stage-I and -II anesthesia-exaggerated activities cumulative to 30 seconds). Final sites associated with excitement were spleen, small intestine, large intestine, and mesentery. Intrahepatic injection caused significantly (P = 0.007) less excitement, involving just 9% (8/85) of cats. Incoordination, recumbency, loss of pedal reflex, and cardiac standstill were significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged in cats of the ip injection group. Mean ± sem relevant values for cats of the ih injection group were times to: incoordination, 0.45 ± 0.14 minutes; recumbency, 1.11 ± 0.35 minutes; loss of pedal reflex, 3.45 ± 0.53 minutes, and cardiac standstill, 13.92 ± 0.92 minutes. When ih injection was entirely within the liver, recumbency was immediate.
As a result of causing minimal response from injection, moderate accuracy, low rate of excitement, and rapid achievement of recumbency, ih injection (although not the recommended method for euthanasia) is an alternative method for animal shelter cats when a veterinarian is not available to administer euthanasia agents iv.
Medical problems of adult horses, as ranked by equine practitioners
Authors: Traub-Dargatz J. L. , Salman M. D. , Voss J. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
This paper reports the results of a survey conducted among members of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, concerning medical problems of adult horses. A one-page questionnaire listing 36 medical problems grouped by body system was completed by 1,149 veterinarians. The top-ranked disease was colic, followed by viral respiratory tract disease, endometritis, dermatitis, and parasitism. When responses were evaluated by type of practice, location of practice, and number of veterinarians in the practice, ranking of the top 2 diseases was the same for the total respondents. Ranking of diseases 3 through 5 varied when these criteria were taken into consideration.
Use of phacofragmentation for cataract removal in horses: 12 cases (1985-1989)
Authors: Dziezyc Joan , Millichamp Nicholas J. , Keller Charlotte B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The medical records of 12 horses that had cataracts removed by use of phacofragmentation were reviewed. Cataracts were removed from 16 eyes in horses ranging in age from 2 months to 15 years. Complications after surgery included corneal ulcers in 13 eyes, diffuse corneal edema in 5 eyes, and uncontrollable uveitis in 3 eyes. Follow-up information was obtained in all horses from 1 month to 3.5 years after surgery. Visual results were judged good by owners or veterinarians in 10 of the horses.
Diagnostic testing of dogs for food hypersensitivity
Authors: Jeffers James G. , Shanley Kevin J. , Meyer Evelyn K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirteen food-allergic dogs were studied to evaluate the efficacy of feeding a commercially available egg and rice diet, intradermal skin testing, and serologic testing by elisa for diagnosing and/or characterizing food hypersensitivity. Feeding of a home-cooked whole lamb meat and rice diet for 3 weeks, followed by challenge with each dog's regular diet, served as the standard for diagnosing food hypersensitivity. Each dog underwent provocative testing with 6 individual ingredients to determine as many of its dietary allergens as possible. Prior to skin testing and serologic testing by elisa, most dogs had been recently exposed to the offending diet and subsequently manifested clinical signs of allergy. All dogs that tolerated the aforementioned commercial diet were exposed to it for at least 7 weeks; 84.6% of food-hypersensitive dogs ate the commercial diet with impunity. Of the 2 reactors to the commercial diet, only 1 became pruritic in response to provocation testing with chicken eggs. Low sensitivity and high specificity were found for skin testing and the elisa, indicating a lack of true- and false-positive reactions. Neither the positive nor negative predictive values adequately predicted positive and negative reactions, respectively, for either test. On the basis of these results, the commercial diet, skin testing, and anti-IgE elisa cannot replace an owner-prepared food elimination diet for food hypersensitivity testing in dogs.
Epidemiologic study of ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma in horses
Authors: Dugan Steven J. , Curtis Charles R. , Roberts Steven M. , Severin Glenn A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Proportional hospital accession ratios for equine ocular/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (scc) were determined for 14 colleges of veterinary medicine participating in the Veterinary Medical Data Program between January 1978 and December 1986. Comparison of the ratios with their respective geographical, physical data has shown an increased prevalence of scc with an increase in longitude, altitude, or mean annual solar radiation. In contrast, prevalence of scc increased with a decrease in latitude.
Between January 1978 and December 1988, 147 horses with ocular/adnexal scc were admitted to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination of appropriate tissue specimens. Medical records provided information regarding month and year of admission and diagnosis, age at diagnosis, breed, gender, and hair color. Comparison with a randomly selected hospital control population revealed an increased prevalence of ocular/adnexal scc with an increase in age (P < 0.001). Compared with Quarter Horses, draft breeds (Belgian, Clydesdale, and Shire) and Appaloosas had a significantly (P < 0.001) greater prevalence of ocular/adnexal scc. Sexually intact males and females were significantly (P < 0.001) less likely (5 and 2 times, respectively) to have ocular/adnexal scc when compared with castrated males. The prevalence of ocular/adnexal scc was significantly greater for all hair colors when compared with bay, brown, or black (P < 0.01).
Epizootic of external and internal abscesses in a large goat herd over a 16-year period
Authors: Gezon Horace M. , Bither Henry D. , Hanson Linda A. , Thompson Jeffrey K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
From 1973 through 1988, 518 external and internal abscesses were diagnosed in a large commercial goat herd. Of the 518 abscesses, 238 were primary and 280 were secondary abscesses in the same or other anatomic locations. During this period, the herd varied in size from 94 goats in 1973 to 431 goats in 1988. Abscesses in the jaw area were detected in 141 goats, 4 of which developed osteomyelitis of the mandible. Sternal abscesses were detected in 72 goats, with 2 also having osteomyelitis of the sternum diagnosed at necropsy. Most of the abscesses were in the jaw, sternal, facial, and cervical areas. Lung abscesses were diagnosed at necropsy in 20 goats that most recently had 1 or more superficial abscesses. Abscess incidence was 27.6% (112 of 406) in wethers and 22.9% (154 of 687) in does. Actinomyces pyogenes was isolated most frequently by bacteriologic culture of abscess specimens and about 3 times as often as was Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis or Staphylococcus sp, usually coagulase-positive S aureus. Bacteriologic culture of blood samples, taken during abscess episodes, yielded A pyogenes (n = 3) or C pseudotuberculosis (n = 1) in 3 goats. Results of antibiotic treatment of abscesses were disappointing, with little evidence of altering the course of the disease or sterilizing the abscess, despite the fact that the bacteria were susceptible in vitro to the antibiotics used. Excision of intact abscesses was the preferred treatment for abscesses of the jaw and facial areas. Isolation of infected goats, decrease in crowding, and careful selection of herd additions by breeding or through purchase from farms with a low incidence of abscesses in their herds were useful in lowering the disease rate in the herd.
Salivary gland disease in dogs and cats: 245 cases (1985-1988)
Authors: Spangler W. L. , Culbertson M. R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Diagnostic pathology records spanning 41 months (July 1985 through November 1988) were searched for diagnoses of salivary gland disease in dogs and cats. Review of 87,392 records from that period revealed 245 cases (0.3%) in which salivary gland tissue had been evaluated. During that period, salivary gland tissue was submitted to the laboratory almost twice as often from dogs (160 cases) as from cats (85 cases). On the basis of histologic examination, 89% of salivary gland submissions from small animal practices were allotted to 1 of 5 major categories: malignant neoplasms (30%; 74/245), sialadenitis (26%; 64/245), normal salivary gland (16%; 40/245), sialocele (9%; 21/245), and salivary gland infarction (8%; 20/245). The remaining 11% of submissions included various degenerative or fibrotic lesions, ductal ectasia, sialolithiasis, edema, benign neoplasia, and secondary salivary involvement with systemic or cervical lymphosarcoma or with fibrosarcoma in the head and neck.
Expenditures for veterinary services and other costs of disease and disease prevention in 57 California beef herds in the National Animal Health Monitoring System (1988-1989)
Authors: Hird David W. , Weigler Benjamin J. , Salman Mowafak D. , Danaye-Elmi Cyrus , Palmer Charles W. , Holmes John C. , Utterback William W. , Sischo William M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Data on costs associated with episodes of disease and disease prevention, including expenditures for veterinary services, were collected from 57 California beef cow-calf herds during 1988-1989 as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. Mean cost associated with episodes of disease was $33.90/cow-year, with $0.78 and $1.37/cow-year being spent for veterinary services and drugs, respectively. The highest costs for veterinary services related to episodes of disease were for dystocia, lameness, and ocular carcinoma. For disease prevention, mean expenditures for veterinary services were $1.67/cow-year, nearly all of which was spent on prevention of reproductive tract conditions. Preventive expenditures for veterinary services related to female infertility (pregnancy examination), vaccination against brucellosis and male infertility (breeding soundness examination) were $0.72, $0.39, and $0.22/cow-year, respectively. Many costs associated with episodes of disease and disease prevention were similar to those reported from Colorado National Animal Health Monitoring System beef herds.
Monitoring surface conditions of a Thoroughbred racetrack
Authors: Clanton Charles , Kobluk Calvin , Robinson R. Ashley , Gordon Bradley 
Published: December 2023

Summary
During a pilot study at a Thoroughbred racetrack, information was collected to include weather conditions and track surface properties (moisture content, composition, strength, and coefficient of friction between surface and hoof). Measured weather variables did not correlate to any pattern of horse injuries of breakdowns. Surface moisture content was variable, whereas the moisture content of the compacted cushion was constant. Track surfaces around the starting chutes were more compacted than were other areas of the track. Next to the rail, track surface was softer than the surface toward the middle of the track. The coefficient of friction between a hoof and the surface was not affected by location or surface moisture content.
Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in dogs and human beings in San Bernardino County, California
Authors: El-Ahraf Amer , Tacal J. V. , Sobih Mohamed , Amin Magda , Lawrence W. , Wilcke B. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Fecal specimens from 200 stray dogs impounded at the San Bernardino City and County animal shelters were screened for Cryptosporidium sp oocysts, using the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent staining procedure. The University of California, Los Angeles acid-fast stain was used for confirmation. Only 4 (2%) dogs were passing cryptosporidial oocysts.
Likewise, stool specimens from 664 people were submitted to the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health Laboratory for routine parasitologic examination and were screened for Cryptosporidium sp. Cryptosporidial oocysts were detected in 20 human fecal specimens (3.01%).
On the basis of these findings, it appears that the human and canine populations of San Bernardino County are at low risk for development of cryptosporidiosis at this time.
Pulmonary hypertension as a cause of atrial fibrillation in young horses: Four cases (1980-1989)
Authors: Gelberg Howard B. , Smetzer David L. , Foreman Jonathan H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Four young horses of various breeds and suffering from atrial fibrillation died of heart failure. All had markedly high pulmonary arterial pressure, right-sided cardiomegaly, and lack of histologic lesions in the right atrium or pulmonary parenchyma. Three horses had hypertrophy and/or necrosis of the tunica media of the pulmonary vasculature. Clinical signs of disease, physiologic data, and pathologic findings indicated that these horses had primary pulmonary hypertension with secondary right-sided cardiac ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure.
Pulmonary hypertension in a group of dairy calves
Authors: Pringle John K. , Bright Janice M. , Duncan Robert B. , Kerr Larry , Linnabary Robert D. , Tarrier Michael P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An episode of pulmonary arteritis and sclerosis in twenty 5- to 6-month-old dairy calves was investigated. Sixteen of the calves died acutely, without marked premonitory signs of disease. Four calves evaluated clinically had lethargy, pallor, weakness, tachycardia, tachypnea, and jugular venous distention. Cardiac catheterization performed in 3 of the calves revealed pulmonary hypertension; 1 of these calves survived.
Necropsy findings in 19 calves included pale lungs and excess free fluid in the pleural and abdominal cavities. In addition, 13 of 19 calves had a dilated and thin-walled right ventricle; 4 of the calves had right-sided cardiac hypertrophy, and 2 had dilatation of the pulmonary artery. Microscopically, pulmonary arteritis and sclerosis of the small to medium-sized arteries were evident in all calves submitted for necropsy. A lung biopsy specimen from a surviving calf had similar lesions. Centrilobular hepatic necrosis was found in 17 of 19 calves. Investigation of the disease episode, including feed analysis for toxins and serologic and microbiological studies of clinically affected calves and clinically normal in-contact penmates, failed to reveal any associated risk factor. The pulmonary arterial changes in the calves were similar to lung lesions in rats fed monocrotaline.
Clinical, viral, and genetic evaluation of equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy in a family of Appaloosas
Authors: Blythe L. L. , Hultgren B. D. , Craig A. M. , Appell L. H. , Lassen E. D. , Mattson D. E. , Duffield D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A clinical, viral, hematologic, and genetic study was conducted over a 4-year period on a family of Appaloosas with high incidence of clinical ataxia and pathologic features of equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy. Marginal to deficient serum vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and blood selenium values were the only other consistent antemortem abnormalities in the affected horses. Members of this family were all descendants of a clinically normal mare and were raised in 3 separate environments with variable quality of feed. All horses had access to pasture grasses. Normal chromosomal karyotypes were found in 11 affected and/or related horses examined. Equine herpesvirus type 2 was isolated from 4 of the horses, but evidence for a role of this virus in the pathogenesis of the disease was not found. The role of antioxidant deficiency in the pathogenesis of neurologic dysfunction in this equine family and in others reported to be affected with equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy remains speculative.
Annual costs associated with disease incidence and prevention in Colorado cow-calf herds participating in rounds 2 and 3 of the National Animal Health Monitoring System from 1986 to 1988
Authors: Salman M. D. , King M. E. , Odde K. G. , Mortimer R. G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirty-nine and 47 randomly selected Colorado cow-calf operations were monitored for health events and their associated costs during rounds 2 and 3, respectively, of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS). Data were collected from each operation for a one-year period by NAHMS veterinarians through monthly interviews, and the costs associated with the incidence and prevention of disease conditions were determined and expressed on a per cow basis.
The beef producers involved in this study spent an average of $32.75 per cow in round 2 and $40.97 per cow in round 3 on an annual basis for the treatment of disease conditions. These costs were not different between the 2 rounds because of the wide ranges in the individual herd costs for disease incidence in each round. In both years of the study, the largest contributor to the total mean annual cost of disease incidence was the cost of death of diseased animals, and this cost accounted for approximately two-hirds of the total mean annual cost in each round.
The total mean annual costs of disease prevention in these herds were $11.24 and $11.19 per cow in rounds 2 and 3, respectively. There were wide ranges in both rounds in the amounts of money spent per cow by individual herds for disease prevention. The largest individual cost of disease prevention in each year was the cost of vaccines/drugs, whereas the smallest individual cost in each round was the cost of veterinary services. Nearly all the preventive veterinary services cost in each study year was attributed to pregnancy examination, brucellosis vaccination, breeding soundness examination of bulls, pulmonary arterial pressure testing, and campylobacteriosis vaccination.
The costs of disease incidence and prevention were summed to determine the most costly individual disease conditions in the study herds. Death of unknown cause was the most expensive disease condition in both study years. Diarrhea of unknown cause, nonpregnancy, dystocia, pneumonia, hypothermia-exposure, general disease of parasitism, and brisket disease were other disease conditions that ranked among the ten most costly disease conditions in both rounds of the study.
It was concluded that reducing the costs associated with disease has the potential for increasing profits in cow-calf operations.
Survival of pseudorabies virus in the presence of selected diluents and fomites
Authors: Schoenbaum Mark A. , Freund James D. , Beran George W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Because of the importance of environmental survival of pseudorabies virus to proposals to eradicate the virus from swine in the United States, survival of the virus was studied in various diluents and on combinations of diluents and solid fomites at 25 C. Suspensions of the virus in phosphate-buffered saline and saline G solutions remained infectious for at least 10 days. Infectivity of other virus/diluent suspensions decreased to <10 plaque-forming units/ml in 14 days (swine urine), 7 days (well water), 4 days (swine saliva), 2 days (lagoon water and swine nasal washings), and 1 day (swine pit effluent, chlorinated water, and bile). Suspensions of pseudorabies virus in saline G solution and on the solid fomites, whole corn, and steel remained infectious for at least 7 days. Infectivity of other virus/diluent/fomite combinations decreased to <10 plaque-forming units/ml in 7 days. The role of the fomites as vehicles for transmission of infection is discussed.