bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-Generated Images for Speech Pathology—An Exploratory Application to Aphasia Assessment and Intervention Materials
Authors: Pierce John E. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Images are a core component of aphasia assessment and intervention that require significant resources to produce or source. Text-to-image generation is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology that has recently made significant advances and could be a source of low-cost, highly customizable images. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of AI image generation for use in aphasia by examining its efficiency and cost during generation of typical images.

Method:
Two hundred targets (80 nouns, 80 verbs, and 40 sentences) were selected at random from existing aphasia assessments and treatment software. A widely known image generator, DALL-E 2, was given text prompts for each target. The success rate, number of prompts required, and costs were summarized across target categories (noun/verb/sentence) and compared to frequency and imageability.

Results:
Of 200 targets, 189 (94.5%) successfully conveyed the key concept. The process took a mean of 2.3 min per target at a cost of $0.31 in U.S. dollars each. However, there were aesthetic flaws in many successful images that could impact their utility. Noun images were generated with the highest efficiency and accuracy, followed by verbs, while sentences were more challenging, particularly those with unusual scenes. Patterns of flaws and errors in image generation are discussed.

Conclusion:
The ability to rapidly generate low-cost, high-quality images using AI is likely to be a major contribution to aphasia assessment and treatment going forward, particularly as advances in this technology continue.
High proportion and large value harmonic current influence on the magnetic field, loss and temperature distribution for ultrahigh voltage converter transformer
Authors: Liu Cong , Hao Jian , Liao Ruijin , Yang Fan , Li Wenping , Li Zhiwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe temperature distribution of ultrahigh voltage (UHV) converter transformer is the key to its service life, allowable load and safe operation. The influence of a high‐proportion and large‐value harmonic current on the magnetic field, loss and temperature distribution of a UHV converter transformer is studied. A new calculation method is proposed to determine the winding temperature under the combined actions of multiple key factors. First, the skin effect of UHV converter transformer winding under high proportion and high current harmonics is analysed extensively. It is found that the increase of harmonic current frequency leads to exponential increase of winding loss and temperature by changing skin depth. Second, based on the superposition principle, a calculation method for winding loss considering harmonic current and different load rates is developed. The temperature distribution under different harmonic current frequencies and contents is obtained. The winding losses and temperature under different harmonic currents are quantified. Finally, a new calculation method is proposed for the converter transformer winding temperature, considering the combined actions of factors such as load rate, cooling oil inlet rate and temperature, harmonic current frequency and content. Experimental verification showed an error of only 0.58 K in the actual transformer hotspot temperature, confirming the effectiveness of this method. This method is of great significance for temperature control and safe operation of UHV converter transformers.
A sample of dust attenuation laws for Dark Energy Survey supernova host galaxies
Authors: Duarte J. , González-Gaitán S. , Mourão A. , Paulino-Afonso A. , Guilherme-Garcia P. , Águas J. , Galbany L. , Kelsey L. , Scolnic D. , Sullivan M. , Brout D. , Palmese A. , Wiseman P. , Aguena M. , Alves O. , Bacon D. , Bertin E. , Bocquet S. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , Pereira M. E. S. , Davis T. M. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Ferrero I. , Friedel D. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gatti M. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Melchior P. , Miquel R. , Paz-Chinchón F. , Pieres A. , Plazas Malagón A. A. , Raveri M. , Rodriguez-Monroy M. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , To C. , Weaverdyck N. 
Published: October 2023

Context. Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are useful distance indicators in cosmology, provided their luminosity is standardized by applying empirical corrections based on light-curve properties. One factor behind these corrections is dust extinction, which is accounted for in the color–luminosity relation of the standardization. This relation is usually assumed to be universal, which can potentially introduce systematics into the standardization. The “mass step” observed for SN Ia Hubble residuals has been suggested as one such systematic.
Aims. We seek to obtain a more complete view of dust attenuation properties for a sample of 162 SN Ia host galaxies and to probe their link to the mass step.
Methods. We inferred attenuation laws toward hosts from both global and local (4 kpc) Dark Energy Survey photometry and composite stellar population model fits.
Results. We recovered a relation between the optical depth and the attenuation slope, best explained by differing star-to-dust geometry for different galaxy orientations, which is significantly different from the optical depth and extinction slope relation observed directly for SNe. We obtain a large variation of attenuation slopes and confirm these change with host properties, such as the stellar mass and age, meaning a universal SN Ia correction should ideally not be assumed. Analyzing the cosmological standardization, we find evidence for a mass step and a two-dimensional “dust step”, both more pronounced for red SNe. Although comparable, the two steps are not found to be completely analogous.
Conclusions. We conclude that host galaxy dust data cannot fully account for the mass step, using either an alternative SN standardization with extinction proxied by host attenuation or a dust-step approach.
Shaping the CO snowline in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Gavino S. , Kobus J. , Dutrey A. , Guilloteau S. , Wolf S. , Jørgensen J. K. , Sharma R. 
Published: October 2023

Context. Characterizing the dust thermal structure in protoplanetary disks is a fundamental task because the dust surface temperature can affect both the planetary formation and the chemical evolution. Because the temperature depends on many parameters, including the grain size, it can be challenging to properly model the grain temperature structure. Many chemistry disk models usually employ a sophisticated single dust structure designed to reproduce the effect of a realistic population presumably composed of a large diversity of sizes. This generally represents a good approximation in most cases. Nonetheless, it dilutes the effects of the complex radiative interactions between the different grain populations on the resulting dust temperature, and thus, the chemistry.
Aims. We seek to show that the radiative interactions between dust grains of different sizes can induce a nontrivial dust temperature structure that cannot be reproduced by a single dust population and that can significantly affect the chemical outcome.
Methods. The disk thermal structures were computed using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code RADMC-3D. The thermal structures were postprocessed using the gas-grain code NAUTILUS to calculate the evolution of the chemical abundance.
Results. We find that simultaneously using at least two independent dust grain populations in disk models produces a complex temperature structure due to the starlight that is intercepted by the upper layers of the disk. In particular, we find that micron-sized dust grains are warmer than larger grains and can even show a radial temperature bump in some conditions. This dust temperature spread between the grain populations results in the segregation of the CO snowline and in an unexpected CO gas hole in the midplane. We compare the results with observed close to edge-on class I/II disks.
Conclusions. Our study shows that the size dependence of the dust temperature significantly impacts the chemistry, and that two dust populations at least are required to account for this property of the thermal structure in protoplanetary disk models over a wide range of disk masses and dust properties.
NAROO program
Authors: Perlbarg A.-C. , Desmars J. , Robert V. , Hestroffer D. 
Published: October 2023

Context. The New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations (NAROO) program is dedicated to the measurement of astrophotographic plates and the analysis of old observations for scientific purposes. One of the objectives of the NAROO program is to provide accurate positional measurements of small Solar System bodies in order to improve our knowledge of their orbits and dynamics.
Aims. Focused on potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs), which are near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) making very close encounters with the Earth, this paper aims to emphasize the value of old photographic plate observations. As they provide accurate astrometric measurements over a large time interval, such observations are essential to determine reliable orbits and to detect small accelerations, such as the Yarkovsky effect.
Methods. Photographic plates consist of a substantial source of old observations of Solar System objects. From existing databases, we identified old and precovery observations of PHAs, which are fortuitous observations made before their discovery. We used the NAROO machine to digitize the plates, and we performed the astrometric reduction with the Gaia DR3 reference star catalog. We added the results to the observation dataset of PHAs in order to determine new orbital solutions and possibly detect the Yarkovsky effect with the Numerical Integration of the Motion of an Asteroid (NIMA) program. In addition, we considered a possible timing error in the orbit adjustment, which is generally not taken into account in such problems, and show its influence.
Results. We were able to find precovery observations of PHAs in photographic plate databases. Their introduction in the dataset show a significant improvement of the accuracy of the new orbital solutions. They also help in detecting and measuring the Yarkovsky effect and improve its accuracy. Hence, we demonstrate the interest of the reduction or new reduction of old photographic plates for the orbit determination of PHAs.
Animal and Cellular Models in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Authors: Reinhardt Christoph , Rühl Heiko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Standardized In Vitro and In Vivo Model Systems to Simplify Complexity—That's How We Learn
The discovery of new target molecules and translational progress in the development and refinement of antithrombotic therapies as well as the improved treatment of bleeding disorders strongly relies on standardized ex vivo and in vivo models that closely resemble the respective human pathologies. The standardization of these models requires sound training in specialized hemostasis and thrombosis research laboratories as well as a consistent daily routine. In this theme issue of Hämostaseologie—Progress in Haemostasis, four review articles cover key models that have proven instrumental to gain mechanistic insights on thrombogenesis and hemostatic processes. In recent decades, these models have moved our field forward and enabled translation across scales, from cell-based research to isolated flow chamber systems, to mouse thrombosis models reflecting the pathologic situations as observed in patients, to large animal models.
Erfolgreiche Therapie einer Retronychie
Authors: Golle Linda , Stadie Volker 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Wir berichten über einen 66-jährigen Patienten, bei dem seit ca. 9 Monaten eine schmerzhafte Schwellung der linken Großzehe mit subjektiv sistierendem Längenwachstum bestand.
Untersuchungen Zuvor hatten bakteriologische und mykologische Abstriche sowie eine MRT-Untersuchung keine richtungsweisenden Befunde erbracht und antibiotische, antiseptische und antiphlogistische Vortherapien hatten zu keiner Linderung der Beschwerden beigetragen.
Diagnose und Therapie Wir stellten aufgrund des klinischen Befundes mit gerötetem, kolbenartig aufgetriebenem Zehenendglied mit angehobenem proximalem Nagelwall die Diagnose einer Retronychie und führten eine Nagelplattenextraktion durch.
Verlauf In den über 2 Jahren andauernden Nachkontrollen zeigte sich der Patient beschwerdefrei mit erholtem Nagelwachstum.
Folgerungen Die Retronychie wird, wie im vorgestellten Fall oft fehldiagnostiziert. Die Kenntnis wegweisender klinischer und anamnestischer Parameter und der korrekten Therapieoptionen erlaubt eine rasche, kostengünstige und langfristig erfolgreiche Behandlung.
Soft particles and infinite-dimensional geometry
Authors: Kapec Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the sigma model, soft insertions of moduli scalars enact parallel transport of S-matrix elements about the finite-dimensional moduli space of vacua, and the antisymmetric double-soft theorem calculates the curvature of the vacuum manifold. We explore the analogs of these statements in gauge theory and gravity in asymptotically flat spacetimes, where the relevant moduli spaces are infinite-dimensional. These models have spaces of vacua parameterized by (trivial) flat connections on the celestial sphere, and soft insertions of photons, gluons, and gravitons parallel transport S-matrix elements about these infinite-dimensional manifolds. We argue that the antisymmetric double-soft gluon theorem in d + 2 bulk dimensions computes the curvature of a connection on the infinite-dimensional space Map

(

S
d

,
G
)

/

G

, where G is the global part of the gauge group. The analogous metrics in abelian gauge theory and gravity are flat, as indicated by the vanishing of the antisymmetric double-soft theorems in those models. In other words, Feynman diagram calculations not only know about the vacuum manifold of Yang–Mills theory, they can also be used to compute its curvature. The results have interesting implications for flat space holography.
Fault diagnosis method for bogie bearings of high-speed trains based on weighted-sparse subspace clustering
Authors: Yang Tao , Liu Jianqiang , Chen Shaoyong , Pei Chunxing , Liu Yunhe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The bogie bearings are crucial components of the high-speed train transmission system, and any failure of them can severely impact the normal functioning of the vehicle. Nowadays, sparse subspace clustering (SSC) is an effective technology for diagnosing mechanical system faults. However, SSC is easily affected by noise. To address this issue, we introduce the weighted-SSC algorithm, which incorporates weighting coefficients to enhance the connections between similar sample points. Our approach involves extracting the fault characteristic parameters of the vibration signal through wavelet packet transform and singular value decomposition. Subsequently, these parameters are employed to construct corresponding weighted-sparse subspaces. We also examined the selection of a hyperparameter in the weighted coefficients. The resultant sparse representation vectors are then harnessed for the purpose of transductive semi-supervised learning clustering and diagnosing the specific type of fault. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we designed and built a bearing experimental platform. We compare our method with existing clustering algorithms, including K-means, SSC, dimension reduction graph-based SSC, and ant colony optimization-K-means clustering algorithms. The results demonstrate that our proposed weighted-SSC method achieves higher accuracy in fault diagnosis than the other clustering algorithms.
Implementing dispersion measurement as part of scanning proton therapy commissioning and quality assurance
Authors: Tan Hong Qi , Lew Kah Seng , Koh Calvin Wei Yang , Wibawa Andrew , Yeap Ping Lin , Master Zubin , Lee James Cheow Lei , Beltran Chris J , Park Sung Yong , Furutani Keith M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction. Dispersion in an accelerator quantifies the deviation of the proton trajectory when there is a momentum deviation. We present for the first time a safe method of measuring dispersion in the clinic, using a scintillator detector and the momentum deviations within a spill. This is an important accelerator quantity as we found that this is the reason behind the large dose fluctuation in our absolute dosimetry measurement. Methods. Dispersions are measured for nine energies in a Hitachi ProBeat system at three locations (isocenter and at two profile monitors) and at two gantry angles (0 and 90 degrees) by first measuring the spot position and momentum drift within a spill. The spot position drift is measured by the XRV-4000 at the isocenter, and by the two profile monitors located at 0.57 and 2.27 m from the isocenter. The momentum drift is calculated from the intra-spill range drift which is measured using the Ranger accessory. The dispersion at isocenter and its gradient are calculated using the weighted least square regression on the measured dispersions at the three locations. A constraint is formulated on the dispersion and its gradient to ensure minimal intra-spill spot position deviation around the isocenter. Results. The measured intra-spill range and spot positional drift at isocenter are less than

0.25

mm

and

0.7

mm

respectively. The momentum spread calculated from the range drift are less than 0.08%. The dispersion at the isocenter ranged from

0.50

to

4.30

m

and the zero-crossing happens upstream of isocenter for all energies. 2 of the 9 energies (168.0 and 187.5 MeV) violated the constraint and has an intra-spill spot positional deviation greater than

1.0

within

5

cm

from the isocenter. Conclusion. This measurement is recommended as part of commissioning and annual quality assurance for accelerator monitoring and to ensure intra-spill spot deviations remain low.
Fast atomic crack kinking and branching in WS2
Authors: Yang Xing , Zhang Bin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dynamic nanocrack propagation in 1T- and 2H-WS2 strips is studied by molecular dynamics, and the T-stress and circumferential stress in linear elastic fracture mechanics are considered. As the crack propagates, the crack-tip speed (v) experiences a rapid acceleration, and then oscillates at ∼55% (1T) and ∼65% (2H) of the Rayleigh-wave speed followed by crack kinking/branching. The critical energy release rates of crack instability are estimated to be ∼1.5 J/m2 (1T) and ∼4.0 J/m2 (2H). The crack path in 1T-WS2 exhibits higher sensitivity of strain rates for atomic asymmetry around the crack tip. Examination of the dynamic crack-tip field shows that the T-stress obtained by the over-deterministic method always fluctuates in negative, and the theoretical circumferential stress curve does not accurately capture the v-dependent atomic stress distribution. Consequently, both T-stress and circumferential stress are limited in predicting the crack kinking/branching directions, which can be attributed to the discrete crystal lattice and local anisotropy of WS2, where a preferred crack path along the zigzag surface is observed. The fracture properties of WS2 might provide useful physics for its applications in nano-devices.
Ultra-wideband and wide-angle metamaterial absorber for solar energy harvesting from ultraviolet to near infrared
Authors: Luo Fuyin , Li Chuanliang , He Xiaohu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an ultra-wideband solar absorber consisting of a four-layer structure of Al2O3-TiN-Al2O3-Ti is proposed. The proposed absorber achieves an average absorption of 97.85% in the wavelength range of 250–2000 nm (49.96% improvement over the reference planar structure), and its bandwidth of absorption over 90% is even as high as 1742 nm. As a result of the symmetrical design of the structure, the absorber has polarization insensitivity and wide-angle absorption characteristics. In particular, the absorber has a large process tolerance in the structural parameters and a high degree of universality for other metals and dielectric materials, which is highly advantageous in manufacturing. In addition, we explored the reasons for the high absorption of the structure in detail, discussed the influence of different structures on the absorption, and analyzed the absorption characteristics and thermal conversion efficiency of the structure under the solar spectrum. The proposed structure provides a broader bandwidth and higher light absorption than the recently reported work and further reduces the structure’s thickness. Therefore, the absorber will have broad application prospects in photothermal conversion, solar cells, imaging, and stealth.
Transverse magnetic mode waveguide switches employing metal and negative index metamaterial loads
Authors: Hill Martin T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A compact optical switch concept based on moving a negative-index media (NIM) load is extended here to include waveguides carrying transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Many current metamaterial NIM implementations work with TM waves. Simulations show that with a current metamaterial NIM implementation switching is possible for TM modes. The simulated switch structure is based on an optical waveguide coupler made by a commercial foundry process. The NIM load is realized above the waveguides in a post foundry micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) layer. Metal loads are also shown to be suitable for switching TM modes. However, only NIM loads can in theory permit simultaneous switching of both transverse electric and TM modes.
Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls
Authors: Ai Wen-Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe calculate the friction experienced by ultrarelativistic bubble walls resulting from the 1 → 2 light-to-heavy transition process, with finite-wall-width effects fully taken into account. In this process, the light particle is excited from the order-parameter scalar field, while the two heavy particles are excitations of a dark matter scalar field. Unlike earlier estimates suggesting a friction scaling asγw0, whereγwrepresents the Lorentz factor of the wall velocity, our more precise numerical analysis reveals a logarithmic dependence of the friction onγw. We offer a numerical fit to capture this frictional pressure accurately. Our analysis verifies that the friction stemming from the 1 → 2 light-to-heavy transition is typically much smaller than the friction from the 1 → 1 transmission of the dark matter particles.
Macroscopic squeezing in quasi-one-dimensional two-component Bose gases
Authors: Tian Yaoqi , Pan Junqiao , Shi Tao , Yi Su 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the ground-state properties and the dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional quantum droplets of binary Bose condensates by employing the Gaussian state theory. We show that there exists three quantum phases for the ground states of the droplets, including a coherent state and two macroscopic squeezed states. The phase transition between two macroscopic squeezed states is of the third order; while between the macroscopic squeezed state and the coherent is of a crossover type. As for the dynamics, we find that, by tuning the reduced scattering length to a negative value, a significant fraction of the atoms can be transferred from a coherent state to a macroscopic squeezed state. Our studies open up the possibility of generating macroscopic squeezed states using binary condensates.