bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for curved domains in mesh adaptation
Authors: Li Xiangrong , Shephard Mark S. , Beall Mark W. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure to project vertices created by refining straight sided tetrahedra to appropriate locations on curved model boundaries. Although many of the vertices introduced by refinement of mesh edges and faces on the boundary of the model can easily be projected to the model geometry, there are situations where this projection creates invalid elements. To ensure the ability to place those vertices on the model boundary an efficient two‐step procedure has been developed. The first step applies local mesh modification operations such as collapse and swap to incrementally project vertices. It is shown that the effective application of mesh modifications that will yield a mesh in which the vertex in question can be projected to the boundary must focus on ensuring the vertex in question moves at least as far as the plane on which the mesh would have element shapes degrade to zero volume. The second step applies a generalized local cavity triangulation algorithm to ensure the success of the process when the set of local mesh modifications considered is unable to project the vertex to the boundary. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesh‐based geometry
Authors: Owen Steven J. , White David R. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA systematic approach to building a complete geometric and topologic representation of a model given only the finite element (FE) description is proposed. The objective of the proposed system is to provide a geometry foundation for existing finite element based models so that standard mesh generation tools can be used without requiring CAD‐based modelling systems such as ACIS or other proprietary commercial tools. To accomplish this, a method for extracting topology from the FE model is proposed. Topology entities including volumes, surfaces, curves and vertices are built based on user‐defined boundary conditions and surface features. Curve and surface geometry is described by either linear triangular facets or G1 continuous 4th‐order Bezier patches. Integration of the proposed mesh‐based geometry (MBG) system into an existing mesh generation toolkit is described. Sample applications and examples of MBG are presented. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An algorithm oriented mesh database
Authors: Remacle Jean‐François , Shephard Mark S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new point of view for efficiently managing general mesh representations. After reviewing some mesh representation basics, we introduce the new Algorithm Oriented Mesh Database (AOMD). Some hypotheses are taken in order to be able to manage any set of adjacencies. Then, we present the design of the AOMD in terms of classes and algorithms. The Standard Template Library (STL) is used for managing the AOMD. Finally, we present some results and discuss technical choices that were made in the AOMD design and implementation. AOMD is available as open source at http: //www.scorec.rpi.edu/AOMD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SS/HS) initiative: Lessons learned from implementing comprehensive youth development programs
Authors: Furlong Michael , Paige Leslie Z. , Osher David 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis article provides an overview of a special issue of Psychology in the Schools that examines the implementation of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SS/HS) Initiative in seven local communities. An overview of the SS/HS Initiative is provided. Critical lessons learned from the seven sites are discussed with a focus on the special role that school psychologists can play in implementing these complex violence prevention programs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 447–456, 2003.
Promoting safe schools and healthy students in rural Pennsylvania
Authors: Welsh Janet , Domitrovich Celene E. , Bierman Karen , Lang Joann 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SS/HS) Initiative is currently underway in the Tyrone Area School District. Tyrone is a rural community characterized by high levels of poverty, unemployment, and youth problems including substance use and alienation from school and community. Its strengths include strong administrative leadership and prior successful collaboration with Penn State University. The goals of the SS/HS Initiative involve reducing risk and building competencies for students and their families through integration of law enforcement and mental health into school‐based prevention efforts. The programs include early childhood, elementary, and secondary school components; and also district‐wide components that span these developmental levels. Despite challenges associated with the integration of different professional perspectives into the school environment, the Tyrone SS/HS Initiative has been quite successful. Program evaluation is varied, and reflects the different programs and student populations served. Currently, plans for sustaining and institutionalizing SS/HS programs are underway in Tyrone. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 457–472, 2003.
Implementation of school‐based wellness centers
Authors: Guerra Nancy G. , Williams Kirk R. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis article describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of school‐based Wellness Centers operated by the Riverside Unified School District in Riverside, CA, as part of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative funded by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). We describe the program as planned in terms of the theoretical model for the intervention and the evaluation design, and discuss the actual implementation including accomplishments and challenges. The program was designed to promote positive development and wellness for individual students via self‐ and teacher‐referrals for personal and mental health problems handled through a case management and referral process, support groups, and other activities such as after‐school programs, mentoring, tutoring, and parent training. An effort was also made to promote wellness at the school level by providing wellness campaigns, information, and compatible policies and procedures designed to enhance healthy development. Our observations are based on a qualitative assessment that was a component of the evaluation. A more detailed evaluation examining the impact of school‐wide and student‐focused activities on academic and behavioral outcomes is currently underway. However, we do include comments from students suggesting that the Wellness Center concept holds much promise for school‐based mental health and violence prevention services. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 473–487, 2003.
Creating synergy through collaboration: Safe schools/ healthy students in salinas, california
Authors: Elizondo Fernando , Feske Ken , Edgull Dana , Walsh Kelle 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn Salinas, a city of 150,000 on the Central Coast of California, an $8 million federal grant program is helping children and their families grapple with issues pertaining to violence, substance abuse, mental health, and academic success. In just two years, the program has helped educators and service providers deter school crime, provide on‐campus therapy to troubled youth, increase participation in parenting programs, and decrease truancy at several schools. Most importantly, the Salinas initiative has helped providers coordinate services to children and families who need them most. Project directors say that approach will be crucial as they search for new ways to sustain Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SS/HS)‐funded programs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 503–513, 2003.
Face fidelity: Perspectives from a local evaluation of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students initiative
Authors: Giancola Susan P. , Bear George G. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe creation of a federal Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SS/HS) Initiative reflects a growing level of concern across the United States that many children do not feel safe at school, and that teachers must receive a new level of training to better equip themselves to manage a diverse student population. PROJECT BLUE was funded during the first phase of this initiative and proposed to provide students in its District with a range of services to improve school safety, decrease school violence, decrease alcohol and drug use, and improve student mental health. The local evaluation team collected information regarding project implementation and its impact on school safety, school climate, and teacher preparedness to manage student misbehavior. Selected results are highlighted in the article. However, the primary purpose of this article is to document lessons learned from the evaluation of this project. Lessons learned are presented in four areas: leadership, communication, system change efforts, and local evaluation of federal initiatives. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 515–529, 2003.
Rural underpinnings for resiliency and linkages (rural): A safe schools/healthy students project
Authors: Paige Leslie Z. , Kitzis Stephen N. , Wolfe Joyce 
Published: August 2003

AbstractRural Underpinnings for Resiliency and Linkages (RURAL) is an example of a Safe Schools/Healthy Students (SS/HS) project. RURAL provides services to children and families in a rural Kansas county. The county's rates of juvenile alcohol and illicit drug use are higher than state averages. The RURAL project was designed to enhance existing partnerships among three school districts, the local community mental health center, law enforcement, the regional prevention center, and Fort Hays State University. A significant number of evidence‐based strategies were implemented in the schools and community in a short period of time. Using a public health approach to increase school safety and promote healthy behaviors, RURAL introduced strategies designed to provide universal prevention for the school population, early intervention for at‐risk children and families, and intensive services for those with the greatest needs. Services were provided to students (preschool–young adults) and their families. School psychologists held key roles in the development, implementation, and management of the project. Preliminary evaluation findings are presented, and the importance of local process and outcome evaluation is discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 531–547, 2003.
Building community connections for youth to reduce violence
Authors: Telleen Sharon , Maher Susan , Pesce Rosario C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative in Morton High School District 201, Cicero, IL, used a social ecological systems perspective to implement its goals. Social‐emotional learning and violence‐prevention strategies were provided at the levels of the community, school, and individual. Creation of a safe school environment cut across developmental levels from preschool through high school. Intervention activities were universal/preventive, school, and targeted/individual. Finally, the project sought to develop a consortium infrastructure to institutionalize and sustain integrated services. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 549–563, 2003.
Synthesis and properties of the ionomer diblock copolymer poly(4‐vinylbenzyl triethyl ammonium bromide)‐b‐polyisobutene
Authors: Ma Yuhong , Wu Guangying , Yang Wantai 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA new amphiphilic diblock copolymer containing an ionomer segment, poly[(4‐vinylbenzyl triethyl ammonium bromide)‐co‐(4‐methylstyrene)‐co‐(4‐bromomethylstyrene)]‐b‐polyisobutene [poly(4‐VBTEAB)‐b‐PIB], was synthesized by the chemical modification of poly(4‐methylstyrene)‐b‐polyisobutene [poly(4‐MSt)‐b‐PIB]. First, the 4‐methylstyrene moiety in poly(4‐MSt)‐b‐PIB was brominated with azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator at 60 °C in CCl4, and then the highly reactive benzyl bromide groups were ionized by a reaction with triethylamine in a toluene/isopropyl alcohol (80/20 v/v) mixture at about 85 °C to produce the ionomer diblock copolymer poly(4‐VBTEAB)‐b‐PIB. The solubility of the ionomer block copolymer was quite different from that of the corresponding poly[(4‐methylstyrene)‐co‐(4‐bromomethylstyrene)]‐b‐polyisobutene {poly[(4‐MSt)‐co‐(4‐BrMSt)]‐b‐PIB}. Transmission electron microscopy observations demonstrated that all three diblock copolymers had microphase‐separation structures in which polyisobutene (PIB) domains existed in the continuous phase of the poly(4‐methylstyrene) segment or its derivative segment matrix. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis measurements showed that poly[(4‐MSt)‐co‐(4‐BrMSt)]‐b‐PIB had two glass‐transition temperatures (Tg's), −56 °C for the PIB segment and 62 °C for the poly[(4‐MSt)‐co‐(4‐BrMSt)] domain, whereas poly(4‐VBTEAB)‐b‐PIB showed one Tg at −8 °C of the PIB domain; Tg of the poly[(4‐vinylbenzyl triethyl ammonium bromide)‐co‐(4‐methylstyrene)‐co‐(4‐bromomethylstyrene)] domain was not observable because of the strong ionic interactions resulting in a higher Tg and a retention of modulus up to 124 °C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2755–2764, 2003
Self‐polyaddition of triethylsilyl perfluoroisopropenyl ether
Authors: Fujiwara Hirotada , Narita Tadashi , Hamana Hiroshi 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe results on radical self‐polyaddition reactivity of two trialkylsilyl perfluoroisopropenyl ethers, triethysilyl perfluoroisopropenyl ether [CF2C(CF3)OSi(C2H5)3] (FTEE) and dimethylphenylsilyl perfluoroisopropenyl ether [CF2C(CF3)OSi(CH3)2C6H5] (DMPE), and two perfluoroisopropenyl carboxylates, 2‐butyroxypentafluoropropene [CF2C(CF3)OCOC3H7] (BuFPP) and 2‐(methoxyacetoxy)pentafluoropropene [CF2C(CF3)OCOCH2OCH3] (MFPP), are described. Radical self‐polyaddition of FTEE afforded a polymer as high as 1.87 × 104 in molecular weight in the presence of radical generators such as benzoyl peroxide and di‐tert‐butyl peroxide. DMPE gave only addition products with initiating radicals. BuFPP and MFPP scarcely yielded even addition products with radical. The mechanism that the self‐polyaddition of FTEE was initiated by the addition of radical onto the perfluoroisopropenyl group followed by a 1,5‐shift to afford a methyl radical that attacked the perfluoroisopropenyl group of another FTEE molecule is proposed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2743–2754, 2003
Polymer proton‐conduction systems based on commercial polymers. I. Synthesis and characterization of hydrogenated styrene–butadiene block copolymer and isobutylene isoprene rubber systems
Authors: Nácher A. , Escribano P. , Del Río C. , Rodríguez A. , Acosta J. L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis and characterization of two nonfluorinated proton‐conducting polymer systems, one consisting of a hydrogenated styrene–butadiene rubber (HSBR) block copolymer and the other consisting of an HSBR blend with isobutylene isoprene rubber for the improved mechanical stability of the final product. The films obtained were crosslinked, sulfonated, and microstructurally and electrically characterized. In addition, water and methanol crossover was determined, the results being compared with those of Nafion 117. The properties measured in the different samples confirmed that these systems may constitute a valid alternative to commercial membranes, being low‐cost and less polluting and having a lower methanol crossover. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2809–2815, 2003
Essential role of chain ends in the nylon‐6/poly(ethylene terephthalate) exchange
Authors: Samperi Filippo , Puglisi Concetto , Alicata Rossana , Montando Giorgio 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA combination of NMR and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF) techniques were suitable tools for examining the exchange reactions that occur during the melt‐mixing of nylon‐6 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Ny6/PET) blends in the presence of p‐toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH) at 285 °C. Some researchers believe that TsOH is an efficient catalyst for the amide–ester exchange reactions in PET/Ny6 and PET/nylon‐66 blends in the molten state. Instead, we have found that TsOH is able to react in the molten state with PET, yielding PET oligomers terminated with carboxyl groups. Because the latter oligomers can quickly react with Ny6 producing a Ny6/PET copolymer, the role of TsOH in the melt‐mixing process is not that of a catalyst but of a reactant. Our study allowed the structural identification of the Ny6/PET copolyesteramide produced in the exchange as a function of melt‐mixing time. The results revealed the essential role of carboxyl end groups in the exchange reaction between Ny6 and PET and allowed a detailed mechanism for this reaction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2778–2793, 2003
Luminescent copoly(aryl ether)s consisting of alternate oxadiazole and 1,4‐distyrylbenzene derivatives: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Yu Yun‐Hao , Chen Yun 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn an effort to decrease the electron‐injection barrier from the anode electrode, four copoly(aryl ether)s (P1–P4), consisting of alternating isolated electron‐transporting [2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole for P1 and P3 and 5,5′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐p‐(2,5‐bishexyloxyphenylene)‐bis‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole for P2 and P4] and emitting chromophores (1,4‐distyryl‐2,5‐dihexyloxybenzene for P1 and P2 and 1,4‐distyryl‐2,5‐dihexylbenzene for P3 and P4), have been synthesized by the nucleophilic displacement reaction between bisfluoride and bisphenol monomers. They are basically amorphous materials with 5% weight‐loss temperature above 400 °C. The photoluminescence spectra and quantum yields of these copolymers are dependent on the compositions of the two isolated fluorophores. The highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of these copolymers have been estimated from their cyclic voltammograms. All the observations directly prove that the oxidation starts at the hole‐transporting segments. The electron affinity can be enhanced by the introduction of isolated electron‐transporting segments that lead to a charge‐injection balance. Single‐layer light‐emitting diodes (Al/P1–P4/ITO glass) have been fabricated. P1 and P2 reveal blue electroluminescence, and P3 and P4 reveal purple‐blue electroluminescence. Moreover, the incorporation of bisoxadiazole units increases the electron affinity and reduces the turn‐on electric field better than one oxadiazole unit. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2765–2777, 2003
Copolymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with γ‐butyrolactone catalyzed by ytterbium triflate: Shrinkage during curing
Authors: Mas Cristina , Ramis Xavier , Salla Josep Maria , Mantecón Ana , Serra Angels 
Published: August 2003

AbstractDiglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was cured with γ‐butyrolactone (γ‐BL) with ytterbium triflate as a catalyst. The curing was studied with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermomechanical analysis. FTIR studies confirmed that four elemental reactions took place during the curing process: the formation of a spiroorthoester (SOE) by the reaction of DGEBA with γ‐BL, the homopolymerization of SOE, the homopolymerization of DGEBA, and the copolymerization of SOE and DGEBA. Moderate proportions of γ‐BL produced materials with higher glass‐transition temperatures, and the curing occurred with lower shrinkage after gelation because of the polymerization of SOE, with near‐zero shrinkage during the final stages of the curing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2794–2808, 2003
Graft copolymers by acyclic diene metathesis and atom transfer radical polymerization techniques
Authors: O'Donnell Patrick M. , Wagener Kenneth B. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPrecise graft copolymer architectures were achieved by combining the macromonomer technique with the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) reaction. These well‐defined copolymer structures were the result of proper monomer design before metathesis polymerization. Features such as length of the graft, nature, and concentration of the graft site along the backbone were manipulated via the combination of living atom transfer radical polymerization methods with ADMET chemistry. Furthermore, the physical behavior of these materials was altered such that they presented dissimilar thermal properties of either the homopolymers or random copolymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2816–2827, 2003
A difference of six orders of magnitude: A reply to “the magnitude of the fragmentation rate coefficient”
Authors: Wang Aileen R. , Zhu Shiping , Kwak Yungwan , Goto Atsushi , Fukuda Takeshi , Monteiro Michael S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThere has been an ongoing debate regarding the mechanism that causes rate retardation phenomena observed in some reversible addition‐fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization systems. Some attribute the retardation to slow fragmentation of adduct radicals, others attribute it to fast fragmentation coupled with cross‐termination between propagating and adduct radicals. There exists a difference of six orders of magnitude (10−2 versus 104/s) in the reported values of the fragmentation rate constant (kf0) for virtually similar RAFT systems of PStSC · (Ph)SPSt. In this communication, we explain the estimates of kf ∼ 104/s and the choices of the rate constant in modeling based on experimental polymerization rate and radical concentration data. The use of kf ∼ 10−2/s in the model results in a calculated adduct radical concentration level of 10−4 to 10−3 mol/L, which appears to directly contradict the reported electron spin resonance (ESR) data in the range of <10−6 mol/L. We hope that this open discussion can stimulate more effort to resolve this outstanding difference. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2833–2839, 2003
The reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer process and the strength and limitations of modeling: Comment on “the magnitude of the fragmentation rate coefficient”
Authors: Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Coote Michelle L. , Davis Thomas P. , Radom Leo , Vana Philipp 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThere is appreciable uncertainty concerning the magnitude of the fragmentation rate coefficient of the intermediate radical in reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations. A large proportion of the experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that it is a stable species with a lifetime longer than 0.0001 s. This is particularly the case when the intermediate macro‐RAFT radical is stabilized by a phenyl group attached to the radical center or has a poor leaving group. Although the occurrence to some extent of irreversible termination reactions cannot be excluded, we argue that such reactions are more likely to be a result of slow fragmentation of the intermediate macro‐RAFT radical. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2828–2832, 2003