bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relative importance of saltation and suspension for aeolian snow mass transport
Authors: Wang Zhengshi , Li Zhi , Jia Shuming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSnow transport affects various hydrological processes significantly through reshaping the glacial landscapes. Snow particles that are transported in a turbulent flow are typically classified under the saltation and suspension states based on the inertia of the particles relative to the strength of the turbulence. In this study, snow transport in the turbulent boundary layer was simulated using the large‐eddy simulation with Lagrangian particle tracking method. Contrary to most previous studies in which saltation and suspension are defined by a specified critical height or particle size, hop time ratio Rt and particle Stokes number St were adopted to judge the state of saltating snow particles, and the contributions of pure saltation, modified saltation, short‐ and long‐term suspension particles were quantified appropriately. A threshold value of St≈5 for pure saltation was proposed through the particle trajectory comparison. The results show that the St criterion measures pure saltation particle appropriately but fails to diagnose long‐term suspension particles. Furthermore, although there are hardly any pure saltation particles in natural snow transport, the contribution of modified saltation cannot be neglected in the lowest centimetres of the atmosphere, which may also dominate the overall mass flux at the near surface under larger friction velocities. Rather, considerable short‐ and long‐term suspended particles spread over the entire vertical dimension of the snow cloud, contributing a major proportion of the overall mass flux, even within the saltation layer. Based on this, the suspension layer should be defined as the entire vertical dimension of the particle cloud. The results can improve our understanding of the motion dynamics of transported snow particles and further provide new ideas in modelling this process.
Mapping long‐term terrace change in the Chinese Loess Plateau: A new approach by decision tree model with digital elevation model (DEM) and land use
Authors: Shi Yu , Wei Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman‐created terraces are distributed extensively in the Chinese Loess Plateau, which play key roles in soil conservation, agricultural production and sustainable development. However, large‐scale and long‐term terrace mapping remains a big challenge due to the complexity of topography, land cover and the deficiency of high‐quality historical spatial data. Facing this task, our study aims to develop a new approach for capturing 30 years (from 1990 to 2020) of terrace patterns at macroscales (the whole Loess Plateau, with an area of 6.4 × 105 km2). The decision tree model (DTM) was integrated with digital elevation model (DEM) and land use data to detect terrace change, and terraced samples were extracted from existing findings for spatial validation. Our study confirmed that this new approach can work successfully on identifying cultivated and grassy terraces, as evidenced by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under curve (AUC) values. More notably, a decreasing trend was detected in cultivated terraces with continued uneven distribution from 1990 to 2020, while the areas of grassy terraces increased markedly with more‐concentrated larger patches. This finding indicated that huge areas of terrace abandonment may have already occurred in this region. More attention thus should be paid to the rising risks of cropland utilization and food security. Since it is the first time to get long‐term reliable terrace maps on the Loess Plateau, our efforts can help to better take stock of terrace resources for wiser land use managements and agricultural policy adjustments, finally benefiting socio‐ecological sustainability.
Numerical analysis of demolition waste‐based thermal energy storage system for concentrated solar power plants
Authors: Koçak Burcu , Paksoy Halime 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThermal energy storage (TES) is an enabling system that provides uninterrupted energy from concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. Packed‐bed TES systems have great opportunity to significantly enhance the cost‐effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of CSP plants by employing an affordable and sustainable packing material. The objective of this study is to design a demolition waste‐based packed bed TES system with a maximum storage capacity of 40 kWh, specifically tailored to store heat within the temperature range of 290°C to 565°C using solar salt as heat transfer fluid (HTF), thereby making it suitable for integration into CSP plants. Performance and thermal behavior of demolition waste‐based packed‐bed TES system was assessed through numerical analysis. The results demonstrate that a high discharging efficiency of 76.0% was achieved when the HTF flow rate was set at 100 kgh−1. However, it is important to note that at lower HTF flow rate, heat loss increases, leading to a decrease in discharging efficiency to 70%. The experiment also revealed a uniform thermal gradient within the packed‐bed TES system, up to a fluid flow rate of 300 kgh−1. It is worth mentioning that lower flow rates can further improve the stratification effect; however, they may also result in increased heat loss and reduced storage capacity. Based on these findings, an optimal flow rate range of 100 to 200 kgh−1 is recommended to achieve the best performance for the packed‐bed TES system.
Social determinants of health disparities in Staten Island compared with Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx: Contribution to COVID‐19 outcomes
Authors: Kolesnikova Masha , Abdelmajid Haram , Kohlhoff Stephan , Smith‐Norowitz Tamar A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionSocial determinants of health (SDH) negatively affected Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes within the five boroughs of New York City. The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in social demographics within the borough of Staten Island, compared with the other four boroughs, may have contributed to poor COVID‐19 outcomes in Staten Island.MethodsData were obtained from public data sources. Social demographics obtained included age, household income, poverty status, and education level. COVID‐19 infection, hospitalization, and death rates reported from Staten Island were compared with rates from Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx (February 29, 2020–October 31, 2022). Mean differences in case rates of COVID‐19 were higher in Staten Island compared to all four boroughs.ResultsMean differences in hospitalization and death rates were higher than Manhattan but similar to the other four boroughs. Within Staten Island, case rates were highest in zip codes 10306 and 10309. Hospitalization and death rates were highest in Staten Island zip code 10304. We found that the zip codes of Staten Island with poorer COVID‐19 outcomes had more individuals with less than a high school degree, lower mean household income, higher proportion of households earning less than $25,000 a year, and a greater proportion of individuals using public transportation.ConclusionDifferences in COVID‐19 infection, hospitalization, and death rates exist between the five boroughs and between the 12 zip codes within Staten Island. These differences in COVID‐19 outcomes can be attributed to different SDH.
A maximum likelihood bunching estimator of the elasticity of taxable income
Authors: Aronsson Thomas , Jenderny Katharina , Lanot Gauthier 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis paper develops a maximum likelihood (ML) bunching estimator of the elasticity of taxable income (ETI). Our structural approach provides a natural framework to simultaneously account for unobserved preference heterogeneity and optimization errors and for measuring their relative importance. We characterize the conditions under which the parameters of the model are identified and show that the ML estimator performs well in terms of bias and precision. The paper also contains an empirical application using Swedish data, showing that both the ETI and the standard deviation of the optimization friction are precisely estimated, albeit relatively small.
Comparison of postoperative clinical outcome in medial‐pivotal and gradually reducing radius design cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty—A multicenter analysis of propensity‐matched cohorts
Authors: Takahashi Tsuneari , Hatayama Kazuhisa , Nishino Masahiro , Hai Hironari , Yamada Yuichiro , Suzuki Kosuke , Takeshita Katsushi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo clarify differences in surgery duration, postoperative knee range of motion (ROM), anterior and posterior (AP) laxity, and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) in patients undergoing medial‐pivot (MP) and GRADIUS cruciate‐retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries.MethodsWe examined patients who underwent either MP or CR TKA at six different Japanese centres. Patients were propensity score matched for age, sex, and preoperative hip‐knee angle (HKA). We compared the groups' average surgery duration, postoperative knee ROM, AP laxity, and FJS 1 year after surgery.ResultsThere were 86 study patients: 43 MP and 43 CR TKA matched for age, sex, and preoperative HKA. The MP group enjoyed a significantly shorter surgery duration (89.1 ± 10.9 mins vs. 95.7 ± 12.0 mins, p = 0.0091) and significantly better postoperative knee flexion than the CR group (123.7 ± 9.1° vs. 115.3 ± 12.4°, p < 0.001). The MP had significantly smaller postoperative AP laxity with 30° of knee flexion than the CR group (3.4 ± 1.3 vs. 5.6 ± 2.2 mm, p < 0.001). Conversely, postoperative AP laxity with 90° of knee flexion was significantly larger for the MP group (3.6 ± 1.3 vs. 2.7 ± 1.9 mm, p = 0.0098). There were no between‐group differences in postoperative FJS.ConclusionsThe MP group showed better postoperative knee flexion, midrange AP knee stability, and shorter surgery duration.Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective comparative study.
Treatment of functional bowel disorders in an integrative medicine clinic resulting in improved digestive tract symptoms
Authors: Wagner Leigh E , Bridges Kristina M , Hinman Jill M , He Jianghua , Buckles Daniel , Dunn Winnie , Drisko Jeanne , Sullivan Debra K , Carlson Susan E 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional bowel disorders (FBDs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and others, are conditions without a physically identifiable etiology that, as a result, are difficult to treat. Alternatives to traditional medical interventions are needed because IBS patients require more of physician time and higher healthcare spending. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of alternative lifestyle interventions for patients with FBDs seen in an integrative medicine (IM) clinic at an academic medical center.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review to determine whether patients with FBDs had improvement in symptoms following predominantly nutrition‐based IM interventions that included recommendations for dietary supplements and elimination diets. We measured symptoms before and after intervention (average time between measurements 8.75 months) using a medical symptoms questionnaire (MSQ) commonly used to quantify symptom change in IM clinics.ResultsDigestive tract symptoms, as measured by the MSQ, improved significantly in patients (n = 57) with FBDs following IM intervention. The MSQ Digestive Tract subtotal for FBD patients decreased from 10.2 (SD, 5.4) to 7.2 (SD, 5.2) (P < 0.001) after IM intervention.ConclusionsPatients in an IM clinic had improved digestive tract symptoms scores following IM intervention. Because nutrition‐based interventions were the primary intervention recommended by IM providers, primary care physicians and gastroenterologists may wish to consider referring FBD patients to registered dietitian‐nutritionists (RDNs) skilled in implementing elimination diets.
Multiuser immersive virtual reality simulation for interprofessional sepsis recognition and management
Authors: Zackoff Matthew W. , Cruse Bradley , Sahay Rashmi D. , Zhang Bin , Sosa Tina , Schwartz Jerome , Depinet Holly , Schumacher Daniel , Geis Gary L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionSepsis is a leading cause of pediatric mortality. While there has been significant effort toward improving adherence to evidence‐based care, gaps remain. Immersive multiuser virtual reality (MUVR) simulation may be an approach to enhance provider clinical competency and situation awareness for sepsis.MethodsA prospective, observational pilot of an interprofessional MUVR simulation assessing a decompensating patient from sepsis was conducted from January to June 2021. The study objective was to establish validity and acceptability evidence for the platform by assessing differences in sepsis recognition between experienced and novice participants. Interprofessional teams assessed and managed a patient together in the same VR experience with the primary outcome of time to recognition of sepsis utilizing the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique analyzed using a logistic regression model. Secondary outcomes were perceived clinical accuracy, relevancy to practice, and side effects experienced.ResultsSeventy‐two simulations included 144 participants. The cumulative odds ratio of recognizing sepsis at 2 min into the simulation in comparison to later time points by experienced versus novice providers were significantly higher with a cumulative odds ratio of 3.70 (95% confidence interval: 1.15–9.07, p = .004). Participants agreed that the simulation was clinically accurate (98.6%) and will impact their practice (81.1%), with a high degree of immersion (95.7%–99.3%), and the majority of side effects were perceived as mild (70.4%–81.4%).ConclusionsOur novel MUVR simulation demonstrated significant differences in sepsis recognition between experienced and novice participants. This validity evidence along with the data on the simulation's acceptability supports expanded use in training and assessment.
Characterizing the acute antibody response of monkeypox and MVA‐BN vaccine following an Australian outbreak
Authors: Asquith Will , Hueston Linda , Dwyer Dominic , Kok Jen , Ko Danny , Fennel Michael , Rockett Rebecca , Rai Neela Joshi , Li Ying , Sriramoju Shirisha , Sutor Allison , O'Sullivan Matthew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn response to the emergence of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Australia in May 2022, we developed and evaluated indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for MPXV and Vaccinia virus (VACV) IgG and IgM antibodies using serum samples from patients with nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)‐confirmed mpox and uninfected unvaccinated controls. Additionally, 47 healthcare workers receiving two doses of the third‐generation smallpox vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara‐Bavarian Nordic (MVA‐BN) undertook serial serum collection to describe the serological response to vaccination. MPXV antibodies were detected in 16/18 individuals with NAAT‐confirmed mpox (sensitivity 0.89, specificity 1.00), and VACV antibodies were detected in 28/29 individuals who received two doses of MVA‐BN vaccine (sensitivity 0.97, specificity 1.00). Detectable antibody in subjects historically vaccinated with early‐generation vaccines against smallpox was found in 7/7 subjects, at a median of 48 years following vaccination. MPXV NAAT‐positive patients with serum samples collected within the first 14 days after rash onset had detectable IgG and IgM in 9/12 and 5/12 of patients, respectively, with maintenance of IgG and disappearance of IgM titers after 60 days. While specificity was high when testing unvaccinated and uninfected subjects, significant cross‐reactivity between MPXV and VACV antibodies was observed.
Exploring the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on COVID‐19 in a real‐world setting
Authors: Corpechot Christophe , Verdoux Marie , Frank‐Soltysiak Marie , Duclos‐Vallée Jean‐Charles , Grimaldi Lamiae 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent data suggest that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy may reduce susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and even improve clinical outcomes when coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) was diagnosed. However, clinical evidence of UDCA's ability to prevent severe forms of COVID‐19 remains limited and contradictory. We evaluated the association between UDCA exposure and the risk of hospitalization for COVID‐19 in a large multicenter population of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) followed during the pandemic period before vaccination. An exposed/unexposed cohort study and a nested case–control study were performed. The primary endpoint was severe COVID‐19, defined as SARS‐CoV2 infection requiring hospitalization. The secondary endpoint was COVID‐19‐associated intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their confidence intervals (CI) were determined after controlling for age, gender, comorbidities at risk for COVID‐19, severity of CLD, and prior hospitalizations. A total of 10 147 patients, including 1322 exposed and 8825 not exposed to UDCA, totaling 21 867 person‐years of follow‐up, were included in the cohort analysis, while 88 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 and 840 matched controls were eligible for the nested case–control analysis. In both analyses, exposure to UDCA was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of hospitalization for COVID‐19, with aOR (95% confidence interval) values of 0.48 (0.20–1.19) and 0.93 (0.26–3.29), respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant reduction in the risk of ICU admission or death. In this large population of patients with CLD, UDCA exposure was not associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID‐19.
The influence of Antarctic sea‐ice loss on Northern Hemisphere cold surges and associated compound events
Authors: Su Tianhua , Chen Jie , Li Lu , Toniazzo Thomas , Mooney Priscilla 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synoptic cold surge is a weather event that frequently occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, often causing severe damage accompanied with intense winds and precipitation. It is reported that the Arctic Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation can affect the cold surge. However, on interacting with tropical circulation, the cold surge potentially links to the Antarctic sea‐ice loss with influence extending to Tropics. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the potential link between Antarctic sea‐ice loss and Northern Hemisphere cold surges and corresponding wind–precipitation compound events. To study this link, twin numerical experiments using a physically based atmosphere model with a prescribed 30% Antarctic sea‐ice loss scenario were used. The results show that the cold surge occurs more frequently in most regions of the world, except for central North America and central Eurasia. In Europe, the cold surges occur closer to the lower latitudes in the Antarctic sea‐ice loss scenario. Additionally, the Antarctic sea‐ice loss can result in intensified wind and precipitation extremes within compound events. The intensified precipitation extremes are caused by increased moisture transportation by tropical easterlies and higher local temperature after the cold surge occurrence, providing more moisture available for precipitation in East Asia and East North America, respectively. Overall, the results of the numerical experiments provide evidence that Antarctic sea‐ice loss influences cold surges in Northern Hemisphere through atmospheric teleconnections. It is important to continue investigating the link between Antarctic sea‐ice loss and weather events like cold surges, as this research can help improve our understanding of the impacts of polar climate change on lower latitudes.
Controlled posterior condylar milling technique for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty minimises tibia resection during gap balancing: Short‐term clinical results
Authors: Koh Jeong‐Hyun , Lim Sumin , Park Jae‐Young , Chung Jun Young , Jin Yong Jun , Yun Hee‐Woong , Noh Sujin , Park Do Young 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the clinical utility of controlled posterior condylar milling (CPCM) in gap balancing while minimally resecting the tibia during fixed‐bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent medial UKA for isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis with a minimum follow‐up of 2 years were included. The patients were divided into two groups: the conventional group (n = 56) and the CPCM group (n = 66). In the CPCM group, the proximal tibia was resected at the level of the distal end of the subchondral bone. If the flexion gap was tighter than extension, the posterior condyle was additionally milled to adjust gap tightness. Standing knee X‐ray and scanogram were used to evaluate alignment and tibia resection amount. Range of motion (ROM) and Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.ResultsThe CPCM group showed significantly smaller tibia resection (3.6 ± 1.9 mm) compared to the conventional group (5.2 ± 2.7 mm) (p < 0.001). Postoperative ROM (133.0 ± 8.3°, 135.2 ± 7.2°, n.s.) and WOMAC (19.3 ± 13.6, 23.6 ± 17.7, n.s.) were not significantly different between the two groups. Postoperative periprosthetic fractures occurred in two patients in conventional group, while the CPCM group had no periprosthetic fractures.ConclusionThe CPCM technique may be a simple and useful intraoperative technique that can achieve minimal tibia resection and promising clinical outcomes while easily adjusting gap tightness between flexion and extension during medial fixed‐bearing UKA.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Vascularized Tissue to Reduce Fistula After Salvage Total Laryngectomy: A Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Williamson Andrew , Shah Faizan , Benaran Irene , Paleri Vinidh 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveSalvage laryngectomy is more predisposed to complications than primary operations, with pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) being among the most challenging to manage. Vascularized flaps are increasingly employed during salvage laryngectomy, with a previous review finding a PCF incidence of 31.2% and 22.2% after primary and flap‐assisted closure respectively. We aim to better define the role of vascularized flaps after salvage laryngectomy by performing an updated review comparing the rate of PCF in those undergoing primary or vascularized flap‐assisted closure.Data SourcesPubmed/Medline, CINAHL, and CENTRAL.Review MethodsAn updated literature review was conducted of English language literature from 2003 to 2023. A random effects and network meta‐analysis of odds ratios (OR) and pooled proportions were conducted.ResultsLiterature search found 31 studies, including seven from the previous review. Overall random effects pooled PCF rate was 25% (95% CI 0.21; 0.30, I2 = 72%, p = <0.01), whereas incidence in primary closure was 37% (95% CI 0.32; 0.43, I2 = 60%, p = <0.01) and 19% (95% CI 0.12; 0.20, I2 = 47%, p = <0.01) after flap closure. Pooled OR was 0.39 (95% CI 0.28; 0.55, I2 = 36%, p = 0.04) in favor of vascularized tissues. The number needed to treat was 6.5. The rate of PCF was lower after free and pedicled flaps, and on‐lay and patch closure compared to primary closure techniques. Network meta‐analysis found all combinations of closure techniques and vascularized tissue were superior to primary closure.ConclusionThe updated analysis has demonstrated a widening in the rates of PCF between primary and vascularized flap‐assisted closure. Surgeons should strongly consider the use of free or pedicled flaps in any salvage laryngectomy procedure. Laryngoscope, 134:2991–3002, 2024