bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of pasteurization and spray drying on the fat digestion behavior of human milk fat analog emulsion: a simulated in vitro infant digestion study
Authors: Pan Yue , Liu Shuming , Zhang Xueying , Li Xiaodong , Liu Lu , Hao Donghai , Cui Liqin , Ma Chunli , Dang Xiaoqing , Xu Yanling , Wang Yongshun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman milk fat analog emulsion (HMFAE) is an emulsion that mimics the composition and structure of human milk (HM) fat globules. The application of HMFAE in infant formula requires a series of milk powder processing steps, such as pasteurization and spray drying. However, the effect of milk powder processing on fat digestion of HMFAE is still unclear. In this study, the influence of pasteurization and spray drying on the lipolysis behavior of HMFAE was studied and compared with HM using a simulated infant in vitro digestion model.RESULTSPasteurization and spray drying increased the flocculation and aggregation of lipid droplets in HMFAE during digestion. Spray drying destroyed the lipid droplet structure of HMFAE, and partial milk fat globule membrane‐covered lipid droplets turned into protein‐covered lipid droplets, which aggravated lipid–protein aggregation during gastric digestion and hindered fat digestion in the small intestine. The final lipolysis degree was in the order HM (64.55%) > HMFAE (63.41%) > pasteurized HMFAE (61.75%) > spray‐dried HMFAE (60.57%). After complete gastrointestinal digestion, there were no significant differences in free fatty acid and sn‐2 monoacylglycerol profile among the HMFAE, pasteurized HMFAE, and spray‐dried HMFAE.CONCLUSIONMilk powder processing can reduce lipolysis by altering the lipid droplet structure of HMFAE and the degree of lipid droplet aggregation during digestion. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Flexible and Free‐Standing Photonic Crystal‐Hydrogel Film for Enhanced Fluorescence from Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots
Authors: Saif Safna , Sankar Karthika , Sivasankaran Subhadra Sree Sanker , Kottarathil Naduvil Madhusoodanan , Thankamani Priya Rose 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnhancement of fluorescence emission in a flexible and free‐standing fluorescing film is a key requirement for sensing platforms with augmented sensitivity. In this context, a study on the enhanced fluorescence emission from nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) embedded on a flexible free‐standing photonic crystal hydrogel film prepared via photopolymerization, is presented. The composite structure utilizes the photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence (PCEF) technique and incorporates a self‐assembled 3D photonic crystal (3D PC) onto a photopolymerizable hydrogel matrix containing the NCDs. The 3D PC template is prepared through vertical deposition self‐assembly using monodisperse polystyrene (PS) spheres. By leveraging the enhanced excitation and extraction effect in a PC‐fluorophore composite, the authors’ structure exhibits a fourfold enhancement in fluorescence emission compared to the control sample. The relative positioning of the photonic stopband with the excitation and emission spectra of the fluorophore (NCDs) is thoroughly studied by selecting four different 3D PCs with varied lattice parameters. In addition, the hydrogel matrix offers improved photostability and enhanced lifetime for the NCDs. This structure can be further modified into an efficient sensor through appropriate functionalization.
Parallel and totally umbilical hypersurfaces of the four‐dimensional Thurston geometry Sol04$\text{Sol}^4_0$
Authors: D'haene Marie , Inoguchi Jun‐ichi , Van der Veken Joeri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study hypersurfaces of the four‐dimensional Thurston geometry , which is a Riemannian homogeneous space and a solvable Lie group. In particular, we give a full classification of hypersurfaces whose second fundamental form is a Codazzi tensor—including totally geodesic hypersurfaces and hypersurfaces with parallel second fundamental form—and of totally umbilical hypersurfaces of . We also give a closed expression for the Riemann curvature tensor of , using two integrable complex structures.
Orthotopic vascularized lymph node transfer in breast cancer‐related lymphedema treatment: Functional and life quality outcomes
Authors: Lo Torto Federico , Kaciulyte Juste , Di Meglio Filippo , Marcasciano Marco , Greco Manfredi , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic disease that occurs up to 65% of breast cancer survivors. Traditional treatment is conservative, but new surgeries as lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) and vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) are at disposal. This study aims to investigate the orthotopic VLNT efficacy in BCRL. Results in terms of limbs' reduction rates and quality of life improvement are compared with the outcomes reported in Literature.Patients and MethodsDuring patients' selection, inclusion criteria were monolateral ISL stage II or III BCRL with pathologic lymphoscintigraphy imaging and a minimum of previous 6 months of unsuccessful conservative treatment. Bilateral lymphedema, local recurrence or systemic metastasis, acute infection of the limb and deep venous trombosis were exclusion criteria. Surgery consisted in VLNT from the gastroepiploic region to the axilla with axillary scar dissection.ResultsFrom August 2019 to December 2021, 25 patients were included. At the preoperative scintigraphy exam, mean lymph transport index (TI) was 30 (range; 22.7–29.3). Nine of them (36%) were ISL stage II and 16 (64%) were stage III. Average follow‐up was 13.5 months (range; 12–19 months). VLN flaps' survival rate was 100%. One year after surgery, the mean Circumferential Reduction Rate (CRR) resulted 44.62 (range; 27.4–60.3). Infections' rates presented a statistically significant reduction, from an average of 2.4 (range; 1–4) to 0.2 (range; 0–1) episodes per year. Life quality index measured with the LYMQOL questionnaire showed significant improvement after 1 year, from a mean score of 3.28 (range; 2–5) to 8.12 (range; 7–9).ConclusionWhen compared with Literature evidence, the results of the current study are in line with both VLN inset ways related to BCRL treatment. An optimal therapeutic choice should consider benefits and drawbacks of each orthotopic and heterotopic VLNT, taking into account surgeon's preference and experience and patients' related factors and expectations.
Changes in Plasma, Urine, and Fecal Metabolome after 16 Weeks of Consuming Dairy With Different Food Matrixes – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Correia Banny S. B. , Sandby Karoline , Krarup Thure , Magkos Faidon , Geiker Nina R. W. , Bertram Hanne Christine 
Published: February 2024

ScopeUnderstanding the mode‐of‐action by which fermented dairy consumption influences health is of interest. The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of the chemical‐physical properties of the dairy matrix and postbiotic effects on the metabolomics response to fermented dairy consumption.Methods and resultsHundred males (Body Mass Index (BMI) 28.0–45.0 kg m−2, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) are included in the study. During a 16‐week intervention, the study subjects are instructed to consume 400 g per day of either 1) milk, 2) yogurt, 3) heat‐treated yogurt, or 4) chemically acidified milk as part of their habitual diet. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics is conducted on plasma, urine, and fecal samples collected before and after the intervention. Both consumption of acidified milk and heat‐treated yogurt resulted in changes in the fecal metabolome including decreases in the level of amino acids (leucine, valine, and threonine), and the branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA) isobutyrate that indicated an altered protein putrefaction, and proteolytic metabolism in the gut. In the plasma metabolome, an increased citrate is found for yogurt consumption. No difference in the urine metabolome is found.ConclusionsOur metabolomics analyses indicate that consumption of heat‐treated yogurt and acidified milk exerted similar effects on the metabolic activity in the gut as yogurt consumption.
Exploring Impact of Probiotic‐Fermented Soymilk on Dextran‐Sulfate‐Sodium‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Modulating Inflammation and Gut Microbiota Profile
Authors: Madjirebaye Philippe , Peng Fei , Mueed Abdul , Huang Tao , Mahamat Bechir , Pahane Majeste Mbiada , Xi Qinghua , Chen Xianxiang , Moussa Kalli , Kadebe Zoua Tessou , Otchom Brahim Boy , Xu Yazhou , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Tao , Peng Zhen 
Published: February 2024

ScopeLactic acid bacteria with probiotic functions and their fermentation products play a role in regulating ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigates the potential role of fermented soymilk (FSM4) rich in isoflavones on DSS‐induced UC.Methods and ResultsMice received 3% DSS and are supplemented daily once for 1 week by NFSM and FSM4. DSS usually causes intestinal inflammation and alters the gut microbiota. FSM4 intervention improves the UC‐related inflammation and gut microbiota alteration. It considerably decreases pro‐inflammatories such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in serum and COX‐2 and MPO in colon tissues and pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia‐Shigella). This facilitates gut‐healthy bacteria growth. These healthy bacteria negatively correlat with pro‐inflammatory factors but positively associated with acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, which may act for PPAR‐γ pathway activating and NF‐κB p65 pathway inhibiting, lowering the risk of UC. Overall, FSM4 might alleviate UC and significantly reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota via the PPAR‐γ activation. It could be a good alternative for developing functional food to protect against UC.ConclusionFSM4 attenuates intestinal inflammation and modulates the SCFA‐producing bacteria growth, which enable the PPAR‐γ activation to alleviate the UC target, which could be a dietary intervention strategy for gut health.
Should I speak up? How trust in leaders and leader–leader exchanges influence nurses' voice behaviour
Authors: Chao Kang‐I. , Cheng Jen‐Wei , Yen Hung‐Chieh , Lu Shih‐Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimDiscussing the nurses' voice behaviour could support the managers in making the right decisions and solve problems.DesignThis was a discursive paper.MethodsThe discursive was based on reviewing the literature.ResultsNurses play a critical role in offering useful constructive advice, which leads to management figuring out and solving problems immediately for the purpose of bettering the working environment. Therefore, we assert that trust in leadership and the leader–leader exchange system also plays a critical role in enforcing voice behaviour. Trust is a crucial aspect of voice behaviour, and integrated trust in leadership and leader–leader exchange as a possible practical suggestion for the fostering of voice behaviour are proposed. Nurse managers must maintain a sense of reciprocal moral obligation in order to nurture value‐driven voice behaviour. It is important that open dialogue, active listening and trust in leadership exist. Nurse managers must consider ways to foster mutual trust, and support and enable nurses to use voice behaviour in everyday practice.
Inter‐device agreement of sacral subepidermal oedema measurement in healthy adults during prolonged 60° head of bed elevation
Authors: Latimer Sharon L. , Bone Madeline , Walker Rachel M. , Thalib Lukman , Gillespie Brigid M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the level of agreement between the SEM 200 and Provisio® subepidermal moisture sacral delta measurements, which may indicate increased pressure injury risk, in healthy adults during 120 min of prolonged 60° head of bed elevation. This position, which requires the elevation of the patient's upper body at a 60° angle above the horizontal plane for an extended period, is used by clinicians to prevent or manage a patient's medical or surgical conditions.DesignThis prospective exploratory study recruited 20 healthy adults during October 2021 and collected sacral subepidermal moisture delta measurements using the SEM 200 and Provisio® devices.MethodsDelta measurements were taken at 20‐min intervals over 120 min resulting in seven data collection timepoints. Descriptive statistics and a Bland Altman plot analysis were conducted.ResultsA total of 280 sacral subepidermal moisture delta measurements were gathered or 140 per device. There were good levels of agreement between the two devices at baseline (T0) [mean 0.025; SD 0.137] and following 60‐ (T3) [mean 0.025; SD 0.111], 80‐ (T4) [mean −0.01; SD 0.177] and 100 min (T5) [mean 0.01; SD 0.129] of prolonged 60° head of bed elevation. Head of bed elevations can increase a patient's risk of sacral pressure injuries. In some countries, nurses have access to the SEM 200 and/or the Provisio® device, so our findings may increase nurses' confidence in the interchangeability of the device measurements, although further research is needed to confirm this. The SEM 200 and Provisio® subepidermal moisture scanners show promise in gathering similar objective pressure injury risk data which could prompt clinicians to implement prevention strategies.ImpactCurrent pressure injury risk assessment is largely subjective in nature. This quantitative study on healthy human sacral tissue found a good level of agreement in the SEM 200 and Provisio® subepidermal moisture scanners, which may increase nurses' confidence in the interchangeability of the devices in clinical practice.
Effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on pain in wound patients during dressing change: A systematic review
Authors: Ma Yanfei , Li Yeping , Wang Chunyan , Zhang Yaqing , Wang Lihui , Hu Rong , Yin Yang , He Fang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges to the wound dressing frequently cause pain. Some adverse side effects of pharmacologic pain management may cause problems or even impede wound healing. There is no systematic study of non‐pharmacologic therapies for pain during wound dressing changes, despite the gradual promotion of non‐pharmacologic pain reduction methods.ObjectivesTo give clinical wound pain management a new direction, locating and assessing non‐pharmacological interventions regarding pain brought on by wound dressing changes are necessary.MethodThe researchers conducted a comprehensive literature review on non‐pharmacological interventions for pain during wound dressing changes across five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library spanning the period from January 2010 to September 2022. The evaluation of literature and data extraction was carried out independently by two researchers, and in cases of disagreement, a third researcher participated in the deliberation. To assess the risk of bias in the literature, the researchers utilised the Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0.ResultsIn total, 951 people were involved in 11 investigations covering seven non‐pharmacological therapies. For pain triggered by dressing changes, virtual reality (VR) distraction, auditory and visual distractions, foot reflexology, religious and spiritual care, and guided imaging demonstrated partially positive effects, with hypnosis therapy and jaw relaxation perhaps having a weak effect.ConclusionThe key to managing wounds is pain management. According to our review, there is some indication that non‐pharmacologic interventions can help patients feel less discomfort when having their wound dressings changed. However, the evidence supporting this view is weak. It needs to be corroborated by future research studies with multicentre and large samples. To promote and use various non‐pharmacologic interventions in the future, it is also necessary to build standardised and homogenised paths for their implementation.
Shape‐controllable synthesis of mullite whisker and its effect on tribological behavior of resin‐based friction materials
Authors: Ji Zhengjia , Wang Shenqi , Luo Wanyue , Wu Hao , Li Xiaolei , Jin Hongyun , Hou Shuen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development and design of fillers aid in improving the tribological performances of friction materials. Herein, the effects of the aspect ratio of mullite whisker on the tribological properties were studied. Mullite whiskers were prepared by the sol–gel process and the aspect ratio of the whisker was controlled by introducing aluminum fluoride (AlF3). The aspect ratio increased significantly at first and then decreased with increasing the contents of AlF3. The experimental results show that higher aspect ratio whiskers stabilized the friction coefficient while increased the wear rate. In addition, the composite with mullite whisker grown in excessive AlF3 (20%) resulted in a higher friction coefficient compared to adding inadequate AlF3 (10%). The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results indicated that higher aspect ratio of whisker was more likely to fall off from matrix which sequentially being compacted and formed contact plateaus during the friction process. In conclusion, it was found that abrasive wear and adhesive wear were the dominant wear mechanism.Highlights
The aspect ratio of mullite whisker was controlled within the range of 6 ~ 21.
The tribological properties of whiskers reinforced composites were studied.
The morphology of the mullite whisker affects the friction stability.
The flaky mullite whisker can improve wear resistance of the composites.
A comprehensive review on the machining and joining characteristics of natural fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites
Authors: Varma Midhun , Chandran Sharan , Vijay Kumar Vishnu , Suyambulingam Indran , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural fiber composites are gaining interest in many industries, particularly the automotive and aerospace industries. One of the critical secondary activities required to produce a near‐perfectly shaped product is machining. The majority of product components had to be assembled before they could be used. This article reviews the various conventional and non‐conventional machining processes and its influential parameters investigated by various researchers. Non‐traditional machining is now proving to be a better choice than traditional machining. Non‐traditional machining has several advantages, including the absence of thrust force, chatter or vibration, minimal tool wear, and lower frictional heat. Delamination is the major issue occurring in the conventional machining processes like drilling. Researchers are more focused on the non‐conventional machining processes like abrasive water jet machining. Joining of natural fiber reinforced composites is another aspect discussed in this article. Adhesive joining is the most preferable joining method in the natural composites. The joining technique is also influenced by the intricacy of the materials to be bonded. Microwave joining and induction joining processes are the new methods of natural composites joining. This review also covers the various joining processes in the natural reinforced composite materials.
Fully aminated rigid‐rod aromatic polyamide efficiently reinforces tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane epoxy resin and its carbon fiber composite
Authors: Wang Weitao , Peng Mao , Wang Zhenwei , Liu Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM) and its carbon fiber composite are widely studied and used because of their heat resistance and high performance. In order to obtain efficient reinforcing effects in a simple manner, we adopt the idea of molecular composite—uniformly dispersing the rigid‐rod macromolecules in the TGDDM matrix. Herein, we prepared fully aminated‐poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) by direct polycondensation and hydrogenation reduction as the reinforcing agent. The fully aminated‐PPTA is distributed uniformly in the cross‐linked epoxy resin (EP) network by chemical bonds, and achieves efficient reinforcement. With the addition of only 0.5 wt% fully aminated‐PPTA, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of EP are improved to 127.7 ± 7.4 MPa (+28%) and 3.36 ± 0.15 GPa (+44%); the flexural strength and modulus are improved to 209.6 ± 9.4 MPa (+42%) and 3.70 ± 0.14 GPa (+37%); the notch impact strength is improved by 32%. Crucially, the heat resistance of EP almost remains unchanged. Furthermore, the flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of the carbon fiber composite are also comprehensively increased. Compared with other modified fillers, the fully aminated‐PPTA is simple to prepare and blend, and is an efficient reinforcing agent for TGDDM and its carbon fiber composite benefitting from its rigid‐rod main chain and amino side groups.Highlights
Molecular composite can achieve excellent strengthen and toughen effects.
Fully aminated‐PPTA is embedded uniformly in EP network by chemical bonds.
TGDDM is effectively reinforced without deteriorated heat resistance.
Fully aminated‐PPTA is also a comprehensive reinforcement for EP/CF composite.
Interface enhancement and distribution of carbon fibers in injection welding
Authors: Wu Haonan , Qiu Jianhui , Zhang Guohong , Sakai Eiichi , Zhao Wei , Tang Jianhua , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInjection welding is an excellent adhesive‐free bonding method for thermoplastic resins, demonstrating outstanding connection effectiveness. The incorporation of carbon fibers (CFs) significantly enhances the weld shear strength at the injection interface. This study aims to investigate the reinforcement effect of CF‐reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTP) during the injection welding process. And explore the influence of the amount of added CFs on the weld shear strength. Polyamide 6 (PA6)/CF composites with CF contents of 10 wt% and 30 wt% were subjected to injection welding for the first and second molding cycles, respectively. It was observed that the reinforcement effects varied considerably depending on the combinations studied. Under the optimal combination and process parameters, the weld shear strength of PA6/CF composites reached 63 MPa, equivalent to 90% of the shear strength (70 MPa) of the original PA6/CF material. Polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to analyze the distribution of CFs at the interface and the reinforcing mechanism during tensile fracture. The significance of maintaining uniform CF content during the welding process of PA6/CF composites was emphasized.Highlights
Preparation of PA6 composite materials with different carbon fiber contents.
Achieving high welding shear strength of composite materials through injection welding.
Identified the optimal injection welding conditions to achieve the highest strength.
The positive effect of specific fiber distribution on welding strength was analyzed.
Mathematical problem solving is modulated by word priming
Authors: Zhu Chuanlin , Zhang Zhao , Lyu Xiaoli , Wang Yun , Liu Dianzhi , Luo Wenbo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the influence of word priming on mathematical problem solving. In two experiments, participants were required to finish multiplication estimation tasks with a specified estimation strategy under different word priming conditions (Experiment 1: concrete words vs. Experiment 2: abstract words). The results showed that: (1) under the concrete word priming condition, in comparison to neutral, positive word priming improved accuracies (ACCs) when using a down‐up strategy (e.g., doing 40 × 80 = 3200 for 43 × 78), while both positive and negative word priming reduced reaction time (RT); (2) under the abstract word priming condition, both positive and negative (vs. neutral) abstract word priming reduced RTs, while individuals’ ACCs of completing the estimation task were not influenced by valence. The present study showed that whether concrete words or abstract words were adopted as experimental stimuli, participants’ performance of completing mathematical problems was modulated by the valence of the priming word, which led us to develop a better understanding of how arithmetic performance is influenced by word processing.