bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the electrochemical response time and electron paramagnetic resonance behavior of poly(o‐phenetidine)–poly(styrene sulfonic acid) and poly(2‐ethylaniline)–poly(styrene sulfonic acid) complexes
Authors: Lin Der‐Shyu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo studies were mainly focused on the measurement of electrochemical response time and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of the substituted polyaniline (PANI) complexes poly(o‐phenetidine) (POP)–poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) and poly(2‐ethylaniline) (P2E)–PSSA, which were prepared by the electrochemical polymerization of the monomer (o‐phenetidine or 2‐ethylaniline) with PSSA, with indium tin oxide (ITO) as a working electrode in a 1M HCl solution. Ultraviolet–visible spectra measurements showed evidence for the doped substituted PANI system to have a highly electrochemical response time recorded at a temperature of 298 K, and the results were further analyzed on the basis of the color–discolor model, which is typical of protonation systems. At the reaction time (3 s) and monomer concentration (0.6M) with PSSA (0.15 μ), the best electrochemical color/discolor time of the POP–PSSA complexes was 125/125 ms (thickness = 3.00 μm), which was faster than that of the P2E–PSSA complexes. At the same thickness (10 μm), the best electrochemical color/discolor time of the POP–PSSA complexes was 500/250 ms, which was faster than the P2E–PSSA complexes (750/500 ms). With regard to film growth rate, the POP–PSSA complexes (1.0 μm/s) were faster than the P2E–PSSA complexes (0.79 μm/s); this was attributed to the substituted PANI having a steric effect and to good reactivity by the ethoxy group (OC2H5) in the molecules. The EPR spectra of the two samples were recorded both at 298 and 77 K and were further analyzed on the basis of the polaron–bipolaron model. The narrower line width of the substituted PANI complexes arose due to polarons; that is, we propose that charge transport took place through both polarons and bipolarons. Compared to their salts, this could be attributed to the lower degree of structural disorder, the oxygen absorption on the molecules, and the steric effect by the side chain group. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1211–1221, 2005
Study of the coagulated structure and fiber strength with wet spinning of aliphatic polyketone with aqueous composite metal salt solutions
Authors: Morita Toru , Adachi Masayuki , Kato Jinichiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPoly(1‐oxotrimethylene) (ECO) was dissolved in aqueous calcium chloride (CaCl2)/zinc chloride (ZnCl2) composite metal salt solutions, and the solutions had phase‐separation temperatures greater than 0°C. A higher proportion of CaCl2 with respect to ZnCl2 increased the phase‐separation temperature of the ECO solutions. When wet spinning was carried out with a coagulation bath at 2°C, an ECO solution with a higher phase‐separation temperature tended to produce greater ECO fiber strength. Therefore, a higher phase‐separation temperature resulted in coagulated filaments with a denser and more homogeneous cross‐sectional structure. When the metal salt concentration of the coagulation bath was increased with an ECO solution with a phase‐separation temperature of 22°C and a coagulation‐bath temperature of 2°C, the strength of the ECO fibers tended to be lower. Although little difference was observed in the uniformity of the fiber cross sections, a higher metal salt concentration in the coagulation bath facilitated greater spherical growth of the coagulated particles. Large, spherical coagulated particles promoted defects during drawing and thus lowered the strength of the ECO fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1250–1258, 2005
Mental traps to avoid while interpreting feedback: Insights from administering feedback to school principals
Authors: Vohra Neharika , Singh Manjari 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis article summarizes our experiences in the counseling sessions that followed the administration of multifaceted feedback to 107 principals. The various responses displayed by the principals toward the feedback they received are discussed. The responses have been classified as those avoiding and denial at two levels (avoidance of the feedback received and denial in the process of interpretation), rationalization of the feedback received, superficiality in data interpretation, and unnatural behavioral manifestations on receiving the feedback such as overreaction and overdramatization, self‐pity, and starting to feel unwell. Although these reactions might help the recipient avoid feeling anxious or upset about the feedback, these are also traps that stop the recipient from benefiting from the feedback. Knowledge of such reactions may help recipients of feedback to inoculate themselves against such traps and thus help them gain maximally from the feedback process.
Quantitative analysis of survivin mRNA expression in urine and tumor tissue of bladder cancer patients and its potential relevance for disease detection and prognosis
Authors: Weikert Steffen , Christoph Frank , Schrader Mark , Krause Hans , Miller Kurt , Müller Markus 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSuppression of apoptosis may favor the onset and progression of cancer. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis that has been suggested as a novel diagnostic/prognostic marker of bladder cancer. In this study, survivin mRNA expression was measured by a sensitive real‐time PCR assay in tumor tissue and urine from bladder cancer patients and assessed for its potential diagnostic and prognostic relevance. Specimens from 53 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were analyzed, the controls being normal urothelial tissues (n = 14) and urine from benign disease patients (n = 22) and healthy individuals (n = 14). Survivin transcripts were commonly detected in tumor tissues, but not in normal urothelium, and increasing mRNA levels correlate with progressing pathologic stage (p = 0.001) and grade categories (p < 0.004). Higher levels of expression were associated with a reduced time to recurrence in noninvasive TCCs (p = 0.027, log‐rank test) and a trend toward shorter disease‐free survival in muscle‐invasive tumors (p = 0.067). Urinary survivin analysis detects TCC with higher sensitivity (68.6%) and equal specificity (100%) when compared with cytology (31.4% and 97.1%). Our results indicate that tissue levels of survivin mRNA predict disease‐free survival in noninvasive TCC and may have a role in bladder cancer progression. When analyzed by RT‐PCR in urine, survivin is a highly specific biomarker for TCC detection. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macro‐structural effect of metal surfaces treated using computer‐assisted yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser scanning on bone–implant fixation
Authors: Hirao Makoto , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Tamai Noriyuki , Oka Kunihiro , Yoshikawa Hideki , Mori Yusuke , Sasaki Takatomo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPorous coatings have been applied to the surface of prosthetic devices to foster stable device fixation. The coating serves as a source of mechanical interlocking and may stimulate healthy bone growth through osseointegrated load transfer in cementless arthroplasty. Joint arthroplasty by porous‐coated prostheses is one of the most common surgical treatments, and has provided painless and successful joint mobility. However, long‐term success is often impaired by the loss of fixation between the prosthesis and bone. Porous‐coated prostheses are associated with several disadvantages, including metal debris from porous coatings (third body wear particles) and irregular micro‐texture of metal surfaces. Consequently, quantitative histological analysis has been very difficult. These issues arise because the porous coating treatment is based on addition of material and is not precisely controllable. We recently developed a precisely controllable porous texture technique based on material removal by yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser. Free shapes can be applied to complex, three‐dimensional hard metal surfaces using this technique. In this study, tartan check shapes made by crossing grooves and dot shapes made by forming holes were produced on titanium (Ti6A14V) or cobalt chrome (CoCr) and evaluated with computer‐assisted histological analysis and measurement of bone–metal interface shear strength. Width of grooves or holes ranged from 100 to 800 μm (100, 200, 500, and 800 μm), with a depth of 500 μm. When the cylindrical porous‐texture‐treated metal samples (diameter, 5 mm; height, 15 mm) were implanted into a rabbit femoral condyle, bone tissue with bone trabeculae formed in the grooves and holes after 2 or 4 weeks, especially in 500‐μm‐wide grooves. Abundant osteoconduction was consistently observed throughout 500‐μm‐wide grooves in both Ti6A14V and CoCr. Speed of osteoconduction was faster in Ti6A14V than in CoCr, especially in the tartan check shape made of 500‐μm‐wide grooves. In pushout testing, the tartan check shape made of 500‐μm‐wide grooves had significantly higher bone–metal interface shear strength than the dot shape or commercial porous coating. These results indicate that the tartan check shape made of 500‐μm‐wide grooves on metal surfaces has potential for clinical application in artificial prosthesis design. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 213–222, 2005
Biotransformation of (−)‐bornyl acetate using submerged cultures of Collybia velutipes, Trametes hirsuta and Ganoderma applanatum
Authors: Nano Gian Mario , Binello Arianna , Cravotto Giancarlo , Bianco Maria Auxilia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe biotransformation of (−)‐bornyl acetate by three Basidiomycetes, Collybia velutipes, Trametes hirsuta and Ganoderma applanatum was monitored for 7 days. The observed reactions were regio‐ and stereo‐selective hydroxylation, acetate hydrolysis and oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds. Nine cyclic compounds, three of which (6‐exo‐hydroxybornyl acetate, 8‐hydroxy‐5‐exo‐hydroxybornyl acetate, 9‐hydroxy‐5‐exo‐hydroxybornyl acetate), not previously described, were isolated from the fermentation broth and therefore were identified. Product types and concentrations varied with strain and incubation time. The toxicity of the substrate was assessed from the variation of fungal biomass in the course of incubation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Laccase improvement in submerged cultivation: induced production and kinetic modelling
Authors: Tavares APM , Coelho MAZ , Coutinho JAP , Xavier AMRB 
Published: March 2005

AbstractImprovement of laccase production by Trametes versicolor was made by employing different operational strategies. In the cell growth medium, various glucose concentrations were compared for improving laccase production. A clear and significant stimulation of enzyme production under carbon limitation was obtained. Copper, 2,5‐xylidine, and a phenolic mixture were also used as laccase inducers. A cooperative effect between the inducers on laccase production was identified. Mixtures of inducers produced higher laccase activities, reaching values of 5500 U dm−3. Further productivity enhancement can be obtained using the inducers along with the carbon limitation strategy. It is shown that low laccase concentrations are obtained by a primary metabolism of T versicolor, and that phenolic compounds and carbon limitation induce a secondary metabolism, providing higher laccase concentrations. A mathematical model for laccase production based on a direct experimental measure of biomass, along with substrate consumption and enzymatic activity over time is proposed for non‐homogeneous fermentations of T versicolor. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Leader election in oriented star graphs
Authors: Shi Wei , Bouabdallah A. , Srimani Pradip K 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLeader election in a network plays an important role in the area of distributed algorithm design. Structural properties of the network as well as presence of direction on the edges of the network greatly affects the complexity of the leader election problem, which is primarily measured by the message complexity of the protocol. Our purpose in the present article is to adapt the existing distributed match making concepts to design a linear time leader election algorithm for star graphs. Star graphs have been extensively studied as an attractive alternative for the well‐known hypercubes for network design. Linear election algorithms for oriented hypercubes is known; no such algorithm exists for oriented star graphs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 45(2), 169–179 2005
Losses caused by dispersion of optical parameters and misalignments in PV concentrators
Authors: Antón I. , Sala G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOne factor greatly affecting the output power of a photovoltaic concentrator system and not found in conventional flat systems is optical mismatch, caused mainly by dispersion in the efficiencies of the optics and misalignments among collectors and modules. In these systems, there are many factors, besides the electrical performance of the PV modules, acting on the overall efficiency and thus on the power output: reflectivity and shape of the optics, cleanliness, misalignments, etc. They are less known than equivalent topics in flat arrays and usually the data come from medium‐sized prototypes. Now we have the opportunity to study such factors on a big plant where components and the installation have been carried out by industry on a final user site. An analysis of the optical mismatch based on Gaussian distributions of the generated photocurrents will be presented in order to evaluate the power losses. A mathematical model is also proposed to calculate the main moments of the distribution from the experimentalV–Icurve under concentrated light. Besides, a novel study of the transmission curves of a photovoltaic concentrator has been carried out and will be described throughout the paper. The series/parallel connection of the modules can affect the transmission curve in different ways, depending on the array voltage, and thus this effect must be considered for the definition of the acceptance angle of the system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
D‐TMPP: A novel androgen‐regulated gene preferentially expressed in prostate and prostate cancer that is the first characterized member of an eukaryotic gene family
Authors: Kiessling Andrea , Weigle Bernd , Fuessel Susanne , Ebner Reinhard , Meye Axel , Rieger Michael A. , Schmitz Marc , Temme Achim , Bachmann Michael , Wirth Manfred P. , Rieber E. Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe understanding of the molecular biology of the prostate and the process of prostate carcinogenesis is brought forward by the identification and characterization of new genes specifically expressed in prostate tissue. The encoded proteins may, in addition, provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools in prostate carcinoma (PCa). Here, we identify the novel gene Dresden‐transmembrane protein of the prostate (D‐TMPP) that is overexpressed in human prostate and prostate cancer.METHODSProceeding from a prostate‐specific expressed sequence tag identified with an Affymetrix chip‐based expression database, the full‐length cDNA of the novel gene was isolated from prostate tissue. The potential protein‐coding function of the open reading frame (ORF) was tested by in vitro transcription‐coupled translation and recombinant expression in transfected prostate cancer cells. The expression pattern of D‐TMPP in malignant and nonmalignant tissues and tumor cell lines was analyzed by hybridization of a radioactively labeled cDNA probe with a multiple tissue expression array and by a quantitative real‐time PCR assay.RESULTSThe D‐TMPP‐mRNA encodes a putative seven‐span transmembrane protein of 883 amino acids and is selectively overexpressed in prostate tissue. D‐TMPP represents the first cloned and characterized transcript of a family of eukaryotic genes. D‐TMPP transcripts were detected in all analyzed pairs (n = 25) of malignant and nonmalignant prostate tissues. In the androgen‐dependent PCa cell line LNCaP, D‐TMPP was upregulated by methyltrienolone.CONCLUSIONSWe describe the novel prostate‐restricted molecule D‐TMPP widely expressed in prostate cancer tissues. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term Reliability Prediction of 935 nm LEDs Using Failure Laws and Low Acceleration Factor Ageing Tests
Authors: Deshayes Y. , Bechou L. , Verdier F. , Danto Y. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNumerous papers have already reported various results on electrical and optical performances of GaAs‐based materials for optoelectronic applications. Other papers have proposed some methodologies for a classical estimation of reliability of GaAs compounds using life testing methods on a few thousand samples over 10 000 hours of testing. In contrast, fewer papers have studied the complete relation between degradation laws in relation to failure mechanisms and the estimation of lifetime distribution using accelerated ageing tests considering a short test duration, low acceleration factor and analytical extrapolation. In this paper, we report the results for commercial InGaAs/GaAs 935 nm packaged light emitting diodes (LEDs) using electrical and optical measurements versus ageing time. Cumulative failure distributions are calculated using degradation laws and process distribution data of optical power. A complete methodology is described proposing an accurate reliability model from experimental determination of the failure mechanisms (defect diffusion) for this technology. Electrical and optical characterizations are used with temperature dependence, short‐duration accelerated tests (less than 1500 h) with an increase in bias current (up to 50%), a small number of samples (less than 20) and weak acceleration factors (up to 240). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated detection of myocardial wall thickening for echocardiographic sequences
Authors: Nishiura Masahide 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a method that stably detects myocardial wall thickening from echocardiographic images. Thickening of the myocardial wall is a useful index in the evaluation of cardiac function. In cardiac images obtained by the diagnostic ultrasound equipment, the epicardial contour is often obscure, and the accuracy is insufficient if the wall thickening is calculated from the endocardial and epicardial contours extracted from the edge information in the image. The proposed method is based first on the conventional method of automatic endocardium extraction [?()], using an active contour model that takes account of the similarity of the image pattern near the contour. Then, the myocardial wall thickness parameters which maximize the similarity between the normalized images of the myocardial region and the template image for the myocardial region in the previous frame are sought, and the wall thickening is calculated. The normalized image is constructed by normalizing the shape of the myocardial region as determined by the myocardial wall parameters. Extraction of the epicardial contour from the edge information is not applied, and the deformation of the myocardium is detected by search in the myocardial wall parameter space, which helps to assure stable detection of the myocardial wall thickening. Evaluation using simulated images and real images demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(4): 9–19, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20162
Metals in urban soils of Sevilla: seasonal changes and relations with other soil components and plant contents
Authors: Madrid L. , Díaz‐Barrientos E. , Reinoso R. , Madrid F. 
Published: March 2005

SummarySoils of the urban area of Sevilla have been scarcely studied, especially concerning their concentrations of potentially toxic metals. A previous paper has shown that moderate pollution exists in soils from some public green areas of the city, and a common pattern was found in the distribution of the concentrations of some particular metals. The present paper is aimed at (i) determining possible seasonal changes in the measured concentrations; (ii) checking possible effects of the observed pollution on plant metal contents, and (iii) finding possible relations between metals by statistical techniques.Samples of 35 soils from the urban area of Sevilla were studied. Comparison with previous data shows that samples from a depth of 0–20 cm are representative of the measured soil properties for the city. We show that in most cases differences in the EDTA‐ andaqua regia‐extractable metal contents between autumn 2000 and summer 2001 are not significant. Only Zn shows significant decreases (P < 0.05), probably because it is more mobile than the other metals studied. Electrical conductivity and pH also show significant changes related to leaching of soluble salts. We found a strong association between ‘urban’ metals (as defined in the literature) and organic matter, as shown by factor analysis, whereas ‘non‐urban’ metals could be related to clay and carbonate contents, perhaps coming from the soil parent materials. The behaviour of the urban metals means that organic matter contributes to their accumulation, either by retention of the incoming metals from the atmosphere, dust or various human activities, or from addition of organic amendments that might provide significant amounts of such metals. Although concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn at several sites exceeded the limits established elsewhere as acceptable in residential areas, the values in the grass were less than those considered as normal in the literature. This implies that fairly large concentrations in the soil do not necessarily make metals more available.
A Revolution in Favor of Government
Authors: Edling Max. M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In this new interpretation of America's origins, the author argues that during the Constitutional debates, the Federalists were primarily concerned with building a state able to act vigorously in defense of American national interests. By transferring the powers of war making and resource extraction from states to the national government, the US Constitution created a nation‐state invested with all the important powers of Europe's eighteenth‐century “fiscal‐military states.” However, the political traditions and institutions of America, whose people had a deeply ingrained distrust of unduly concentrated authority, were incompatible with a strong centralized government based on the European pattern. To secure the adoption of the Constitution, the Federalists needed to build a very different state – they had to accommodate the formation of a powerful national government to the strong current of anti‐statism in the American political tradition. They did so by designing an administration that would be powerful in times of crisis, but would make limited demands on citizens and entailed sharp restrictions on the physical presence of the national government in society. The Constitution was the Federalists’ promise of the benefits of government without its costs – statecraft rather than strong central authority as the solution to governing. The book takes advantage of a newly published edition of the constitutional debates in recovering a neglected strand of Federalist argument, and making a case for rethinking the formation of the federal American state. It is arranged in three main parts: I. Interpreting the Debate over Ratification (four chapters); II. Military Powers (five chapters); and III. Fiscal Powers (five chapters).