bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Readability of Patient‐Facing Social Media Posts on Common Otolaryngologic Diagnoses
Authors: Morse Elliot , Odigie Eseosa , Gillespie Helen , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the readability of patient‐facing educational information about the most common otolaryngology diagnoses on popular social media platforms.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingSocial media platforms.MethodsThe top 5 otolaryngologic diagnoses were identified from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Database. Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, and Instagram were searched using these terms, and the top 25 patient‐facing posts from unique accounts for each search term and poster type (otolaryngologist, other medical professional, layperson) were identified. Captions, text, and audio from images and video, and linked articles were extracted. The readability of each post element was calculated with multiple readability formulae. Readability was summarized and was compared between poster types, platforms, and search terms via Kruskal‐Wallis testing.ResultsMedian readability, by grade level, by grade level, was greater than 10 for captions, 5 for image‐associated text, and 9 for linked articles. Captions and images in posts by laypeople were significantly more readable than captions by otolaryngologists or other medical professionals, but there was no difference for linked articles. All post components were more readable in posts about cerumen than those about other search terms.ConclusionsWhen examining the readability of posts on social media regarding the most common otolaryngology diagnoses, we found that many posts are less readable than recommended for patients, and found that posts by laypeople were significantly more readable than those by medical professionals. Medical professionals should work to make educational social media posts more readable to facilitate patient comprehension.
Serological response and immune‐related adverse events following COVID‐19 vaccination in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yue , Chen Dong , Pan Yuancan , Li Haiming , Zhao Weizhe , Lu Taicheng , Kong Weijia , Ding Min , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Ganlin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the popularity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine and the development of vaccination strategies, the impact of COVID‐19 vaccine on cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still unclear. In the systematic review and meta‐analysis of patients with ICIs, we assessed the serological response of cancer patients receiving COVID‐19 vaccine, and explored the risk of immune related adverse events (irAEs). We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library as of 10 June 2023, and included cancer patients who received ICIs and COVID‐19 vaccine. The systematic review and meta‐analysis include cohort study, cross‐sectional study and case report. The outcome included the serological response, Spike‐specific T‐cell response, irAEs and rare adverse events. When possible, the data were analysed by random effect analysis, and the statistical heterogeneity was assessed by Q‐test and I2 statistics. We explored the sources of heterogeneity through L’Abbe plots, Galbraith radial plots, and sensitivity analysis. The publication bias was evaluated by Egger's, Begg's linear regression test and funnel plot, and the impact of publication bias was further analysed by trim and fill method. 27 studies were eligible (19 cohort studies, 1 cross‐sectional study and 7 case reports), involving 8331 patients (with 4724 receiving ICIs). Most studies used mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273). Compared with cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, cancer patients receiving ICIs were significantly more likely to have seroconversion (RR = 1.05, 95%CI 1.01–1.10, P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in seroconversion rates when comparing cancer patients receiving ICIs with controls without cancer (RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.89–1.01, P = 0.09) or with cancer patients receiving targeted therapy (RR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.79–1.39, P = 0.75). The incidence of irAEs in patients receiving ICIs before and after COVID‐19 vaccination was (21.96%, 95%CI 16.66%–28.94%) and (14.88%, 95%CI 8.65%–25.57%), respectively. The most common irAEs were endocrine abnormalities, skin disorders, etc. The certainty of evidence was low in cancer patients with ICIs, compared with those receiving chemotherapy, and very low versus controls without cancer. Cancer patients treated with ICIs seem to be able to receive COVID‐19 vaccine safely without increasing the incidence of irAEs.
Surfactant‐Mediated Electrochemical Precipitation of ZnO Nanospheres for Adsorption of Eosin Yellow & Rhodamine B Dyes
Authors: Biswal Avijit , Acharya Achyuta N. , Panda Prasanna K. , Dash Tapan , Tripathy Bankim C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA simple electrochemical technique was used to synthesise zinc oxide (ZO) nanospheres and their in‐situ modification by a two‐step route of electrochemical precipitation with subsequent calcination. The ZO sample has been employed as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic dyes from their solutions. The electrochemical precipitation of zinc hydroxide (ZH) was carried out in a zinc nitrate bath at ~pH 4. The optimised concentration of 40 g dm−3is used for the synthesis of modified zinc oxide (MZO) in the presence of the surfactant TEAB. XRD analysis confirms the formation of the heterostructure ZO. The field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images support the formation of hierarchical nanostructures with interconnected nanospheres in the presence of surfactant TEAB, which was confirmed by a high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) study. The porous nature of ZO and MZO was established by the N2adsorption‐desorption studies. The MZO sample showed ~99 % adsorption efficiency at an optimum dose of 0.09 g/20 mL of the 100 mg dm−3Eosin Yellow dye solution within 120 min. However, the same sample showed 96 % adsorption efficiency at an optimum dose of 0.05 g/20 mL of the 100 mg dm−3Rhodamine‐B dye solution within 120 min.
Dynamic Thermostable Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials from Multilevel‐Non‐Covalent Interactions
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Liu Yanhua , Liu Tao , Zhang Song , Wei Zhiting , Luo Bin , Cai Chenchen , Chi Mingchao , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTriboelectric materials present great potential for harvesting huge amounts of dispersed energy, and converting them directly into useful electricity, a process that generates power more sustainably. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a technology to power electronics and sensors, and it is expected to solve the problem of energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing from extreme environments. In this paper, a high‐temperature‐resistant triboelectric material is designed based on multilevel non‐covalent bonding interactions, which achieves an ultra‐high surface charge density of 192 µC m−2 at high temperatures. TENGs based on the triboelectric material exhibit more than an order of magnitude higher power output (2750 mW m−2 at 200 °C) than the existing devices at high temperatures. These remarkable properties are achieved based on enthalpy‐driven molecular assembly in highly unbonded states. Thus, the material maintains bond strength and ultra‐high surface charge density in entropy‐dominated high‐temperature environments. This molecular design concept points out a promising direction for the preparation of polymers with excellent triboelectric properties.
High‐Resolution Afterglow Patterning Using Cooperative Vapo‐ and Photo‐Stimulation
Authors: Hayashi Kikuya , Hirata Shuzo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBright afterglow room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) soon after ceasing excitation is a promising technique for greatly increasing anti‐counterfeiting capabilities. The development of a process for rapid high‐resolution afterglow patterning of crystalline materials can improve both high‐speed fabrication of anti‐counterfeiting afterglow media and stable afterglow readout compared with those achieved with amorphous materials. Here, the high‐resolution afterglow patterning of crystalline materials via cooperative organic vapo‐ and photo‐stimulation is reported. A single crystal of (S)‐(−)−2,2’‐bis(diphenylphosphino)−5,5’,6,6’,7,7’8,8’‐octahydro‐1,1’‐binaphthyl [(S)‐H8‐BINAP] doped with (S)‐(−)−2,2’‐bis(diphenylphosphino)−1,1’‐binaphthyl [(S)‐BINAP] shows green afterglow RTP. Crystals of (S)‐BINAP‐doped (S)‐H8‐BINAP changed to an amorphous state with no afterglow capability on weak continuous photoirradiation under dichloromethane (DCM) vapor. Photoirradiation induced oxidation of the (S)‐H8‐BINAP host molecule in the crystal. The oxidized (S)‐H8‐BINAP forms on the crystal surface strongly interacted with DCM molecules, which induces melting of the (S)‐BINAP‐doped (S)‐H8‐BINAP crystal and trigger formation of an amorphous state without an afterglow capability. High‐resolution afterglow patterning of the crystalline film is rapidly achieved by using cooperative organic vapo‐ and photo‐stimulation. In addition to the benefit of rapid afterglow patterning, the formed afterglow images of the crystalline film can be repeatedly read out under ambient conditions without DCM vapor.
Microscopic mechanism analysis and failure criterion study of glass fiber recycled concrete under three‐dimensional compressive stress state
Authors: Chen Yuliang , Wang Shuangyi , Liang Xin , Ye Peihuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to address the complex stress state commonly observed in concrete structures in practical engineering, as well as the challenges posed by resource scarcity and environmental pollution. To achieve this, a total of 168 cylinder specimens of glass fiber recycled coarse aggregate concrete (GFRAC) were designed for conventional triaxial compression tests. The analysis of the test results reveals that the application of lateral restraint force induces a shift in the failure mode of GFRAC from longitudinal splitting failure to plastic deformation failure, occurring either in the middle or at the end of the specimen. The lateral constraint force can effectively improve the stress and strain at the peak point of GFRAC and the modulus of elasticity of the specimen. The glass fiber increases the peak stress of the specimen, and the maximum growth rate is 20%. On the contrary, the glass fiber reduces the peak strain, and the maximum reduction is 49.66%. Increasing the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate will lead to a decrease in peak stress, with a maximum decrease of 19.17%. Glass fiber (GF) limits the appearance and propagation of cracks by bridging, pulling out or breaking. Finally, three different failure criteria are used to analyze the triaxial compression state of GFRAC from a macro perspective.
In Conversation with Sharon Todd: Rethinking the Future in a Time of Sorrow
Authors: Todd Sharon , Bazzul Jesse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis interview with Sharon Todd took place in Ireland on July 7, 2021. Jesse Bazzul (interviewer) and Sharon Todd (interviewee) worked together in the Department of Education at Maynooth University. Jesse was interested in Sharon’s views of climate sorrow and relational ethics. In the interview below Sharon Todd provides readers with a different way of looking at modern education—one that is relational and sets the stage for different encounters.
The Case for Albumin as Volume Expander and beyond
Authors: Nasa Prashant , Kumar Rajesh , Juneja Deven , Gosh Supradip 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the importance of endogenous albumin, the most abundant plasma protein in the body. Albumin has diverse functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, intravascular buffering, drug metabolism, transport, distribution, and restoration of vascular endothelial integrity. It is also crucial for maintaining the endothelial glycocalyx layer in blood vessels. Critically ill patients may experience hypoalbuminemia, defined as serum albumin <35 g/L, due to reduced synthesis, malnutrition, increased loss, or increased catabolism. Observational studies show hypoalbuminemia as an independent predictor of worse outcomes, with a 10 g/L decrease in serum albumin linked to a higher risk of mortality, morbidity, longer ICU/hospital stays, and increased resource utilisation. Administering exogenous albumin targeting serum albumin >30 g/L may reduce complications, but further trials are needed. Exogenous albumin is used in the ICU for various indications, including resuscitation and deresuscitation. Evidence on its use as a plasma expander is inconclusive. Both high- (20%) and low-concentration (4 and 5%) albumin can be used for resuscitation if patients require additional fluid, despite receiving crystalloids. Albumin is safe and effective for plasma expansion in patients with sepsis and septic shock but should be avoided in traumatic brain injury. Judicious and vigilant use of albumin is recommended due to its cost and potential risks. Albumin administration should be based on clinical indications, and monitoring fluid balance and clinical parameters is critical to prevent fluid accumulation and oedema formation.
Fluid Management in Intra-abdominal Hypertension
Authors: Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , Nasa Prashant , De laet Inneke , De Waele Jan , Jacobs Rita , Wise Robert , Malbrain Luca , Dabrowski Wojciech , Wong Adrian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) have significant pathophysiological consequences that can affect multiple organ systems. Fluid resuscitation is often used to restore hemodynamic stability in patients with elevated IAP; however, excessive intravenous fluid administration can paradoxically lead to ACS. This chapter explores the impact of fluid management in patients with IAH and ACS, including the effects of fluid on IAP in different patient populations and conditions. The importance of appropriate management of patients with elevated pressures in adjacent compartments, such as the abdomen, thorax, and skull, is also highlighted. The Abdominal Compartment Society's clear definitions for IAH and ACS, as well as concepts such as abdominal perfusion pressure, are discussed. Additionally, this chapter delves into the effects of elevated pressure on different organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous, renal, and gastrointestinal systems. The authors emphasize the need for careful fluid management in these patients to avoid exacerbating the pathophysiological consequences of elevated IAP.
Introduction to Fluid Stewardship
Authors: Wong Adrian , Wilkinson Jonny , Nasa Prashant , Malbrain Luca , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntravenous (IV) fluids are commonly prescribed drugs in healthcare. However, inappropriate fluid administration is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Fluid stewardship is defined as a series of coordinated interventions for judicious IV fluid administration, with a primary goal of limiting the deleterious effects of inappropriate fluid prescription and fluid overload or accumulation and optimizing the clinical outcomes. The success of Stewardships in healthcare can achieve success by strategy and policy development, designing overarching systems, encouraging collaboration and ensuring robust governance and accountability processes. The components of fluid stewardship are optimum fluid prescription (5Ps of the fluid prescription), comprehensive fluid guidelines, continuous staff education and an audit or quality improvement framework. The optimum fluid prescription includes the 6 D’s (definitions, diagnosis, drug, dose, duration, de-escalation and documentation at discharge) of IV fluid administration.
Fluid Dynamics During Resuscitation: From Frank–Starling to the Reappraisal of Guyton
Authors: Ghosh Supradip 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe interaction between the return function of the circulation and cardiac function was described by Guyton. In doing so, Guyton developed a model incorporating the works of Starling and Frank with his own work. The Guytonian model provides a simple framework for understanding the possible effects of fluid boluses or vasoactive medications on various macro-hemodynamic parameters. In this chapter, we describe briefly the Guytonian model of circulation.
Toward null-state equations in d > 2
Authors: Huang Kuo-Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In two-dimensional CFTs with a large central charge, the level-two BPZ equation governs the heavy-light scalar four-point correlator when the light probe scalar has dimension h = $$ -\frac{1}{2} $$
−

1
2

; the corresponding linear ordinary differential equation can be recast into a schematic form x2uxx + u = 0. In this paper, we make an observation that in a class of four-dimensional CFTs with a large central charge, the heavy-light scalar correlator in the near-lightcone limit obeys a similar equation, x3uxxxy + u = 0, when the light scalar has dimension ∆ = –1. We focus on the multi-stress tensor sector of the theory and also discuss the corresponding equations for the cases with ∆ = –2, –3. The solutions to these linear partial differential equations in higher dimensions are shown, after a suitable change of variables, to reproduce the near-lightcone correlators previously obtained via holography and the conformal bootstrap.
A diminished sciatic nerve structural integrity is associated with distinct peripheral sensory phenotypes in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mooshage Christoph M. , Tsilingiris Dimitrios , Schimpfle Lukas , Seebauer Lukas , Eldesouky Omar , Aziz-Safaie Taraneh , Hohmann Anja , Herzig Stephan , Szendroedi Julia , Nawroth Peter , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Kurz Felix T. , Kopf Stefan , Jende Johann M. E. , Kender Zoltan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Quantitative sensory testing (QST) allows the identification of individuals with rapid progression of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) based on certain sensory phenotypes. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of these phenotypes with the structural integrity of the sciatic nerve among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Seventy-six individuals with type 2 diabetes took part in this cross-sectional study and underwent QST of the right foot and high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography including diffusion tensor imaging of the right distal sciatic nerve to determine the sciatic nerve fractional anisotropy (FA) and cross-sectional area (CSA), both of which serve as markers of structural integrity of peripheral nerves. Participants were then assigned to four sensory phenotypes (participants with type 2 diabetes and healthy sensory profile [HSP], thermal hyperalgesia [TH], mechanical hyperalgesia [MH], sensory loss [SL]) by a standardised sorting algorithm based on QST.

Results
Objective neurological deficits showed a gradual increase across HSP, TH, MH and SL groups, being higher in MH compared with HSP and in SL compared with HSP and TH. The number of participants categorised as HSP, TH, MH and SL was 16, 24, 17 and 19, respectively. There was a gradual decrease of the sciatic nerve’s FA (HSP 0.444, TH 0.437, MH 0.395, SL 0.382; p=0.005) and increase of CSA (HSP 21.7, TH 21.5, MH 25.9, SL 25.8 mm2; p=0.011) across the four phenotypes. Further, MH and SL were associated with a lower sciatic FA (MH unstandardised regression coefficient [B]=−0.048 [95% CI −0.091, −0.006], p=0.027; SL B=−0.062 [95% CI −0.103, −0.020], p=0.004) and CSA (MH β=4.3 [95% CI 0.5, 8.0], p=0.028; SL B=4.0 [95% CI 0.4, 7.7], p=0.032) in a multivariable regression analysis. The sciatic FA correlated negatively with the sciatic CSA (r=−0.35, p=0.002) and markers of microvascular damage (high-sensitivity troponin T, urine albumin/creatinine ratio).

Conclusions/interpretation
The most severe sensory phenotypes of DSPN (MH and SL) showed diminishing sciatic nerve structural integrity indexed by lower FA, likely representing progressive axonal loss, as well as increasing CSA of the sciatic nerve, which cannot be detected in individuals with TH. Individuals with type 2 diabetes may experience a predefined cascade of nerve fibre damage in the course of the disease, from healthy to TH, to MH and finally SL, while structural changes in the proximal nerve seem to precede the sensory loss of peripheral nerves and indicate potential targets for the prevention of end-stage DSPN.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03022721

Graphical Abstract
Energy efficiency assessment in collective irrigation systems using water and energy balances: methodology and application
Authors: Loureiro Dália , Beceiro Paula , Fernandes Eriksson , Alegre Helena , Covas Dídia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany collective irrigation systems have been operating for decades, facing high degradation of existing infrastructures and huge water-energy efficiency problems. Predominantly composed of open canals, they have been partially or entirely converted into pressurised pipe systems, implying a considerable increase in energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs. Simple, easy-to-use, and comprehensive approaches for energy efficiency assessment in collective irrigation systems are needed for diagnosis and assisting decision-making on implementing adequate improvement measures. This research proposes and demonstrates an innovative approach based on the water and energy balances and performance indicators to assess the effect of water losses, network layout and operation, energy recovery, and equipment on energy efficiency. A novel methodology for energy balance calculation is proposed for open canal, pressurised and combined systems. The application to a real-life open canal system and network areas allowed the identification of efficiency problems mainly due to water losses in canals, followed by the dissipated energy in friction losses. Less critical are pumping and manoeuvring equipment inefficiencies. Also, a considerable excess of gravity energy is recovered in hydropower plants. In raising pipe systems, in which shaft input energy predominates and costs for pumping play a key role, surplus and dissipated energy in friction losses are the most relevant issues. Significant energy is lost in the water conveyance and distribution in both systems. Consequently, the potential to improve energy efficiency through water loss management, network layout, and operation improvement, besides pumping and manoeuvring equipment replacement, is considerable.