bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Verbal Memory Decline after Epilepsy Surgery in Children: Effectiveness of Wada Memory Asymmetries
Authors: Lee Gregory P. , Westerveld Michael , Blackburn Lynn B. , Park Yong D. , Loring David W. 
Published: January 2005

Summary:  Purpose: Differences in Wada memory performance after left and right amobarbital injection are powerful predictors of pre‐ to postoperative memory change among adult epilepsy patients after anterior temporal lobectomy. It is unknown, however, whether these Wada memory asymmetries apply to children who undergo focal cortical resection or to epilepsy surgery patients who undergo resection outside the temporal lobes. Methods: To investigate these issues, Wada memory asymmetries and pre‐ to postoperative neuropsychological memory test performances were examined in 132 children who underwent some form of resective epilepsy surgery. Ninety‐three (70%) children showed Wada memory asymmetries in the predicted direction (memory after injection ipsilateral to side of surgery better than memory after contralateral injection), and 39 (30%) did not. Results: Children with Wada memory asymmetries showed significant improvement in verbal memory after surgery as compared with children without Wada memory asymmetries who showed significant verbal memory decline. This result was also obtained when individual cases were examined: 77% of children with Wada memory asymmetries in predicted direction showed no verbal memory decline after surgery, whereas 80% of children without asymmetries had lower postoperative verbal memory (passage recall) test scores. Wada memory asymmetries had no value in predicting postoperative changes in visual‐spatial memory. Conclusions: Wada memory asymmetries may be used as one of the factors to assess risk for verbal memory decline after epilepsy surgery in children.
Hypothalamic Hamartomas and Seizures: Distinct Natural History of Isolated and Pallister‐Hall Syndrome Cases
Authors: Boudreau Eilis A. , Liow Kore , Frattali Carol M. , Wiggs Edith , Turner Joyce T. , Feuillan Penelope , Sato Susumu , Patsalides Athos , Patronas Nicholas , Biesecker Leslie G. , Theodore William H. 
Published: January 2005

Summary: Purpose:Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) have been associated with uncontrolled seizures, and aggressive therapy including surgery is often recommended. However, some patients, particularly those with other findings associated with Pallister‐Hall syndrome (PHS), have a more benign course.Methods:Thirty‐seven of 40 PHS patients and 16 of 16 patients with isolated HH had a lesion confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Records for all patients were reviewed for the following information: presence of seizures, age at seizure onset, seizure type, seizure frequency, number of antiepileptic medications (AEDs) at the time of evaluation, past AEDs, MRI characteristics of the HH, presence of endocrine dysfunction, and presence of developmental and behavioral problems.Results:All isolated HH patients had a history of seizures, compared with 13 of 40 PHS patients (all PHS patients with seizures had hamartomas). In isolated HH, seizures started earlier in life, occurred more frequently, and were harder to control than those in patients with PHS. Isolated HH patients were more likely to have behavioral and developmental problems than were PHS patients. The T2signal of the hamartoma was isointense to gray matter in the majority of PHS patients, but showed a significant increase in all but one patient with isolated HH.Conclusions:Patients with isolated HH have a distinct clinical phenotype, showing more severe seizures and neurologic dysfunction, HH showing increased T2signal, and are more likely to have precocious puberty. In contrast, PHS patients usually have well‐controlled seizures and other endocrine disturbances than precocious puberty. Patients with HH with or without seizures should be evaluated carefully for other clinical manifestations of PHS, particularly before surgery is considered.
Analysis of Lolium temulentum geographical differentiation by microsatellite and AFLP markers
Authors: SENDA T , SAITO M , OHSAKO T , TOMINAGA T 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe genetic diversity and relationships of 48 Lolium temulentum accessions derived from eight countries (Morocco, Egypt, Tunisia, Italy, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Nepal and Japan) were analysed using seven microsatellite and 44 AFLP polymorphic loci to investigate the origin and distribution of genetic variation. Cluster analysis was performed using the unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) based on the simple matching coefficient of similarity. Nei's gene diversity (h) and the coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) were calculated. The results from microsatellite analysis indicated that accessions from the same country did not always cluster together, probably because of the limited number of loci used. In contrast, AFLP clearly separated clusters between countries and/or regions; Pakistan–Nepal complex, the Mediterranean region, Ethiopia and Japan. The h value was much higher for microsatellite than for AFLP analysis, indicating that microsatellites are the more variable markers. For AFLP analyses, h values were highest in accessions from Pakistan–Nepal complex, and from the Mediterranean region. These are in agreement with proposals that the origin of L. temulentum lies between the South‐western Asia and the Mediterranean basin. The clear groupings of accessions from each country and/or region with high Gst (0.688) indicate that exchange of seeds between them is limited.
Differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate in maize seedlings following applications to roots or shoot
Authors: ALISTER C , KOGAN M , PINO I 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe transport and differential phytotoxicity of glyphosate was investigated in maize seedlings following application of the herbicide to either roots or shoots. One‐leaf maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) were maintained in graduated cylinders (250 mL) containing nutrient solution. Half of the test plants were placed in cylinders (100 mL) containing different 14C‐glyphosate concentrations; the remainder received foliar appliation of 14C‐glyphosate. After 26 h, the roots and the treated leaves were washed with distilled water, and the plants placed again in cylinders (250 mL) containing fresh nutrient solution for 5 days. Plants were weighed, and split into root, seed, cotyledon, coleoptile, mesocotyl, first leaf and apex. The recovery of 14C‐glyphosate was over 86%. For both application treatments, the shoot apex was the major sink of the mobilized glyphosate (47.9 ± 2.93% for root absorption and 45.8 ± 2.91% for foliar absorption). Expressed on a tissue fresh weight basis, approximately 0.26 μg a.e. g−1 of glyphosate in the apex produced a 50% reduction of plant fresh weight (ED50) when the herbicide was applied to the root. However, the ED50 following foliar absorption was only 0.042 μg a.e. g−1 in the apex, thus maize seedlings were much more sensitive to foliar application of the herbicide.
Burial depth and cultivation influence emergence and persistence of Phalaris paradoxa seed in an Australian sub‐tropical environment
Authors: TAYLOR I N , WALKER S R , ADKINS S W 
Published: January 2005

SummaryEmergence and persistence characteristics of Phalaris paradoxa seeds in no‐ and minimum‐till situations and at different burial depths were studied in a sub‐tropical environment. Three experiments were carried out using naturally shed seeds. In the first experiment, seedlings emerged from May through to September each year, although the majority of seedlings emerged in July. In the second experiment with greater seed density, cultivation in March of each year stimulated seedling emergence, altered the periodicity of emergence and accelerated the decline of seeds in the seedbank compared with plots that received no cultivation. The majority of seedlings in the cultivated plots emerged in May whereas the majority of seedlings in the undisturbed plots emerged in July. Emergence accounted for only 4–19% of the seedbank in both experiments over 2 years. Seed persistence was short in both field experiments, with less than 1% remaining 2 years after seed shed. In the third experiment, burial depth and soil disturbance significantly influenced seedling emergence and persistence of seed. Seedlings emerged most from seed mixed in the top 10 cm when subjected to annual soil disturbance, and from seed buried at 2.5 and 5.0 cm depths in undisturbed soil. Emergence was least from seed on the soil surface, and buried at 10 and 15 cm depths in undisturbed soil. Seeds persisted longest when shed onto the soil surface and persisted least when the soil was tilled. These results suggest that strategic cultivation may be a useful management tool, as it will alter the periodicity of emergence allowing use of more effective control options and will deplete the soil seedbank more rapidly.
Critical period of weed interference in chickpea
Authors: MOHAMMADI G , JAVANSHIR A , KHOOIE F R , MOHAMMADI S A , ZEHTAB SALMASI S 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThe critical period of weed interference in one variety of chickpea was determined in field experiments carried out at two sites, Tabriz 2002 and Kermanshah 2003, Iran. Chickpea culture was either kept free of weeds for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE) or weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 DAE. In these experiments, chickpea yield increased with increasing duration of weed‐free period and was reduced by increasing duration of weed‐infested period. Unweeded conditions for the entire growing season caused 66.4% and 48.3% seed yield reduction when compared with the treatment that was weed‐free throughout the growing season, at Tabriz 2002 and Kermanshah 2003, respectively. The results indicated that chickpea must be kept weed‐free between the five‐leaf and full flowering stages (24–48 DAE) and from the four‐leaf to beginning of flowering stages (17–49 DAE) at the two sites, respectively, in order to prevent >10% seed yield loss. At both sites, reduction in seed yield, because of the increased weed interference period, was accompanied by simultaneous reduction in plant dry weight, number of branches, pods per plant and 100‐seed weight. This was supported by significant and positive correlations between these traits and chickpea seed yield. There was no significant correlation between the number of seeds per pod and seed yield. A linear regression model was used to describe the relationship between weed dry weight and seed yield loss.
EFFECTS OF PHYTONCIDES ON BLOOD PRESSURE UNDER RESTRAINT STRESS IN SHRSP
Authors: Kawakami Kohei , Kawamoto Mai , Nomura Masato , Otani Hiroki , Nabika Toru , Gonda Tatsuo 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY1. Phytoncides are volatile substances released mainly from trees. We studied whether phytoncides can reduce stress responses in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP).2. Under the restraint stress, SHRSP exposed to phytoncides showed lower blood pressure than those without the exposure (186.8 ± 3.9 vs 207.7 ± 3.4 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01 by Student's t‐test).3. Consistent with the observation above, the plasma concentration of catecholamines under the restraint stress was lower in the phytoncides group than in the control group.4. Based on these results, we concluded that phytoncides reduced the cardiovascular response to restraint stress in SHRSP.
OBESITY, EMERGING RISK IN CHINA: TREND OF INCREASING PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HYPERTENSION and HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIA AMONG THE CHINESE
Authors: Liu Longjian , Ikeda Katsumi , Chen Ming , Yin Wei , Mizushima Shunsaku , Miki Tomohiro , Nara Yasuo , Yamori Yukio 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the trend of the prevalence of obesity in China and its association with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.2. A multicentre cross‐sectional study was conducted in Chinese men and women aged 48–56 years between 1985 and 2000. In the report, three study periods were classified as survey 1 (1985), survey 2 (1988–1989) and survey 3 (1997–2000) in order to describe the long‐term trend.3. The results show that: (i) mean body mass index (BMI), prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 and < 28 kg/m2) increased significantly from 1985 to 2000 in both sexes (P < 0.001); (ii) similar to the trend for BMI, the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 220 mg/dL) also increased significantly from 1985 to 2000 (P < 0.001); (iii) partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses indicated that increased BMI was significantly positively correlated with blood pressure and TC and negatively correlated with serum high‐density lipoprotein– cholesterol (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001); and (iv) multiple logistics regression analysis models indicated that obese subjects had a 3.9‐fold higher risk of being hypertensive (relative risk (RR) 4.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4–7.3) compared with those subjects who had a BMI less than 25 kg/m2. The corresponding RR (95% CI) of obesity for hypercholesterolaemia was 2.63 (1.57–4.40).4. In conclusion, the results highlight the epidemic of obesity, an emerging risk in China. Great efforts must be made to alter this unwelcome trend.
STUDIES ON THE EXPRESSION LEVELS OF STEROL‐METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN THE OBESE MODEL SHR/NDmcr‐cp RATS
Authors: Kudo Makiko , Noshiro Mitsuhide , Aoyama Yuri , Yoshida Yuzo 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY1. Expression levels of four key enzymes of cholesterol metabolism, namely 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase, lanosterol 14‐demethylase (CYP51), cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 12α‐hydroxylase (CYP8B1), in metabolic syndrome model rats (SHR/NDmcr‐cp) were examined.2. Decreased expression of CYP51, which may be linked to the development of obesity, was found in the rats.3. Expression of CYP8B1 was significantly higher in young rats.4. No substantial change was observed in the mRNA levels of the dominant rate‐limiting enzymes of sterol metabolism, namely HMG‐CoA reductase and CYP7A1, in the rats.5. These findings suggest that the expression levels of two key enzymes managing the downstream parts of the cholesterol‐metabolizing pathways are altered in the rats, although little change was observed in the expression levels of the dominant rate‐limiting enzymes of cholesterol metabolism.
ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITY OF CORDYCEPIN IN MICE
Authors: Yoshikawa Noriko , Nakamura Kazuki , Yamaguchi Yu , Kagota Satomi , Shinozuka Kazumasa , Kunitomo Masaru 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY1. The antitumour effect of orally administered cordycepin, a component isolated from water extracts of Cordyceps sinensis, was examined in mice inoculated with B16 melanoma (B16‐BL6) cells.2. B16‐BL6 (1 × 106) cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the right footpad of mice. At 2 weeks after the cell inoculation, the enlarged primary tumour lump was weighed. Cordycepin (0, 5 and 15 mg/kg per day) was administered orally to the mice for 2 weeks from the date of tumour inoculation. Cordycepin (15 mg/kg per day) significantly reduced by 36% the wet weight of the primary tumour lump compared to that of the untreated control mice, without any loss of bodyweight or systemic toxicity.3. Cordycepin (15 mg/kg per day) administered orally for 2 weeks inhibited the tumour enlargement in the right thigh inoculated with B16‐BL6 cells premixed with extracellular matrix (Matrigel).4. These results indicate that orally administered cordycepin inhibits melanoma cell growth in mice with no adverse effects.
ANTI‐HYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF BRAZILIAN PROPOLIS IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Kubota Yoko , Umegaki Keizo , Kobayashi Kyoko , Tanaka Naoko , Kagota Satomi , Nakamura Kazuki , Kunitomo Masaru , Shinozuka Kazumasa 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY1. Changes in the cardiovascular parameters of Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were examined following a 4‐week diet of either Brazilian propolis or Eucommia uloides OLIVER (tochu).2. A 4‐week diet of propolis or tochu resulted in significant reductions in systolic blood pressure in SHR but had no effect on WKY. Experiments using aorta isolated from animals fed a diet of propolis or tochu revealed increased acetylcholine‐induced relaxation in SHR and no change in acetylcholine‐induced relaxation in WKY. Sodium nitroprusside‐induced relaxation was unaffected by propolis or tochu in both animal groups.3. These results suggest that propolis and tochu produce an antihypertensive effect that may be mediated by potentiation of acetylcholine‐induced vasodilatation.
ASSOCIATION OF LUNG FUNCTION WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC RISK FACTORS AMONG JAPANESE AMERICANS: SEATTLE NIKKEI HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Taneda Kenichiro , Namekata Tsukasa , Hughes Deborah , Suzuki Kenji , Knopp Robert , Ozasa Kotaro 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY1. Impaired lung function has been reported to be associated with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). The aim of the present study was to examine the association between impaired lung function and atherosclerotic risk factors, including PWV, blood pressure, lipids, smoking and alcohol intake, among Japanese Americans.2. The study subjects were 678 adult Japanese Americans who participated in CVD screening conducted under the Seattle Nikkei Health Study. Subjects with abnormal lung function were defined as those with forced vital capacity (FVC%) < 80% of predicted or forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) < 80% of predicted. We conducted logistic regression analyses by using abnormal lung function as dependent variables.3. The significant predictors positively associated with abnormal FVC% were age (60 years or older) and hypertension. Being a current drinker or an ex‐drinker was independently and negatively associated with abnormal FVC%. The significant predictors positively associated with abnormal FEV1% were age (60 years or older), sex (male), hypertension and being a current smoker. Being a current drinker was independently and negatively associated with abnormal FEV1%.4. In conclusion, the present study does not support the previously reported association of abnormal lung function with PWV. However, our findings imply that light and moderate drinking may be a protective factor of lung function and that hypertension and smoking may impair lung function.
SOY ISOFLAVONE TABLETS REDUCE OSTEOPOROSIS RISK FACTORS AND OBESITY IN MIDDLE‐AGED JAPANESE WOMEN
Authors: Mori Mari , Aizawa Toru , Tokoro Minoru , Miki Tomohiro , Yamori Yukio 
Published: January 2005

Summary1. This study examines whether the supplementation of isoflavones (ISO) exerts beneficial effects on the bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA).2. Eighty‐one healthy Japanese pre‐ and postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to the following two groups taking either ISO (100 mg) tablets (ISO group) or placebo tablets (P group) containing vitamins C (25 mg) and E (5 mg) daily for 24 weeks in a double‐blind placebo controlled parallel design.3. Seventy women completed the intervention study (34 on ISO, 36 on P), only ISO group was proven to increase significantly BMD (P < 0.05 vs before) and to significantly decrease body fat measured by the DEXA (P < 0.0001 vs before and P < 0.05 vs P group), while BMI was maintained in ISO group despite significant BMI increase in P group. Thus, percent changes in BMI were significantly different between ISO and P groups (P < 0.05) 24 weeks after the intervention.4. This prospective DEXA study confirmed a long‐term ISO supplementation, 100 mg/day could not only prevent menopausal bone resorption but also increase BMD and decrease body fat concomitantly with BMI reduction. Enough ISO supplementation may contribute to the risk reduction of osteoporosis and obesity and, thus to overall health promotion in menopausal women.
SOY ISOFLAVONES IMPROVE BONE METABOLISM IN POSTMENOPAUSAL JAPANESE WOMEN
Authors: Mori Mari , Sagara Miki , Ikeda Katsumi , Miki Tomohiro , Yamori Yukio 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY1. This study examines whether the supplementation of isoflavones (ISO) exerts beneficial effects on serum and urinary biomarkers of bone metabolism.2. A total of 102 women were randomly assigned to three groups taking either ISO (40 mg) tablets, tablets containing vitamins C (25 mg) and E (5 mg) (V) or placebo tablets (vehicle only) (P) daily for 4 weeks, in a double‐blind parallel placebo controlled design.3. Among the 67 women who completed the study (24 on ISO, 24 on V, 19 on P), only ISO tablets were proven to decrease significantly urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) excretion (P < 0.05 vs before), a specific biomarker of bone resorption, but there was no significant difference in serum bone gamma‐carboxyglutamic acid‐containing protein (BGP), a specific serum biomarker of bone formation.4. Among the 67, 25 women were postmenopausal (8 on ISO, 12 on V, 8 on P) and only ISO tablets decreased significantly urinary Dpd excretion (P < 0.05 vs before) in them. The reduction rate of Dpd in ISO group was also significantly greater than that in P group (P < 0.01).5. Dietary supplementation of vitamins C 25 mg and E 5 mg did not affect urinary Dpd.
SERUM LIPID EFFECTS OF A MONOUNSATURATED (PALMITOLEIC) FATTY ACID‐RICH DIET BASED ON MACADAMIA NUTS IN HEALTHY, YOUNG JAPANESE WOMEN
Authors: Hiraoka‐Yamamoto Junko , Ikeda Katsumi , Negishi Hiroko , Mori Mari , Hirose Akiko , Sawada Sayuri , Onobayashi Yuko , Kitamori Kazuya , Kitano Satoko , Tashiro Misao , Miki Tomohiro , Yamori Yukio 
Published: January 2005

Summary1. Recent studies have identified potential beneficial effects of eating nuts, most of which have substantial amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Macadamia nuts consist of 75% fat by weight, 80% of which is MUFA (palmitoleic acid).2. To examine variations in serum lipid levels in response to a high‐MUFA diet based on macadamia nuts, 3 week interventions of macadamia nuts, coconuts and butter were determined in young, healthy Japanese female students.3. After 3 weeks intervention, serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol were significantly decreased in the macadamia nut and coconut diets and bodyweight and body mass index were decreased in the group fed macadamia nuts, although there were no statistically significant changes in the group fed butter.
FISH and LIFESTYLE‐RELATED DISEASE PREVENTION: EXPERIMENTAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR ANTI‐ATHEROGENIC POTENTIAL OF TAURINE
Authors: Yamori Yukio , Murakami Shigeru , Ikeda Katsumi , Nara Yasuo 
Published: January 2005

Summary1. Taurine supplementation attenuated the development of hypertension and stroke in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP).2. WHO‐CARDIAC (Cardiovascular Diseases Alimentary Comparison) study revealed wide differences in 24‐h urinary taurine excretion, which were inversely associated with age‐adjusted mortality rates of coronary heart diseases (CHD).3. Hypercholesterolemia as well as arterial fat deposition related to the cause of CHD was attenuated by dietary taurine supplementation in SHRSP on high‐fat cholesterol diet.4. Taurine affected the gene expression of 7α‐hydroxylase and thus regulated serum cholesterol level through the control of the rate limiting step of cholesterol excretion into bile acids.5. Taurine attenuated atherogenesis due to the control of oxidative stress through the inhibition of the production of oxidative LDL and to its scavenger effect on hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from leucocytes and macrophages.6. Taurine may act as an immunomodulator of cytokine production, which is involved in atherogenesis.