bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Maintenance as a Source of Competitive Advantage: A Sustainability Perspective from the Upstream Services Sector
Authors: Raza Mustansar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to explore the emergence of maintenance as a source of competitive advantage in the upstream services sector, with a focus on the role of sustainability in enhancing the performance of maintenance processes. Specifically, the paper will present a conceptual framework that can be used to evaluate the sustainability of maintenance processes in services set-up, with an emphasis on the impact of external factors and the development of internal capabilities. By doing so, the paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on sustainable maintenance and highlight the importance of sustainability in driving the success of maintenance processes.
The methodology adopted for this study involves a review of the existing literature to identify the common sustainability framework used in the industry. The sustainability framework commonly used is based on the Brundtland Commission report (1987) and comprises three criteria: social, environmental, and economic, with a varying number of context-specific subfactors. The impact of these external factors on the performance of organizations is analyzed to determine their influence on sustainability performance or the development of internal capabilities. Additionally, qualitative research conducted on an upstream services company identified another important criterion contributing to the sustainable success of maintenance processes i.e. technical criteria.
The evaluation of maintenance process sustainability can be based on four dimensions, namely technical, social, environmental, and economic, each with multiple criteria. The findings from the qualitative research demonstrate that the sustainable success of maintenance processes is a multi-level phenomenon that involves corporate, operational, and functional (process) levels of maintenance strategies.
While sustainable maintenance is a relatively new concept for the petroleum industry, it has been commonly used in manufacturing and production settings in other sectors over the past decade. This study assessed the factors affecting the sustainable performance of maintenance processes by reviewing existing literature and proposing a conceptual framework. The framework's factors and subfactors were refined through qualitative research conducted on an upstream services company, highlighting the external factors contributing to positive outcomes and the development of internal capabilities. The proposed framework applies to any service provider setting to enhance the maintenance process's sustainable success.
Application of Digital Twin Technology to 3D Seismic Iterative Processing and Dynamic Geological Modeling- A Case Study from China
Authors: Xia Guoyong , Li Jianhai , Lu Linchao , Ma Shaoguang , Chen Ying , Liu Yanbin , Xu Hanbing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the continuous increase in domestic energy demand, China has increased the exploitation of domestic oil and gas resources in recent years to ensure national energy security and reduce foreign energy dependence, resulting in a significant increase in the number of wells drilling operation. In order to reduce drilling risks and achieve drilling performance, it is necessary to carry out iterative update processing of 3D seismic data. The research results can effectively reduce the uncertainty of geological cognition, and realize the efficient development of oil and gas resources. Firstly, the pre-drill geological risk and well risk analysis was carried out to clarify the types of drilling risks. Secondly, a pre-drill geological model based on 3D seismic data was established, It is used for the pre-drilling plan optimization design and well deployment; then, based on the pre-drilling 3D geological model, the real-time tracking study of the model is carried out through various kinds of data during the drilling process, the parameters such as azimuth gamma are used to predict the sand body parts encountered by the drill bit, and the geological model is constantly revised. During the drilling process, the evaluation of seismic data processing results and data iteration were guided actual drilling, and an integrated evaluation system of seismic data prediction results was formed to effectively predict risks and provide early warnings. Integrated drilling and logging data, combined with regional geological characteristics supported the drilling of horizontal well sections. Carry out seismic tracking data evaluation, summarize the advantages and application scenarios of different data, improve the target of tracking, and effectively reduce risks. Depth domain data has higher accuracy in identifying the dip angle and fracture location in the horizontal section and combined with high-resolution processing, can effectively support the implementation of well trajectory in the horizontal section.
A Conceptual Model to Maximize Project Efficiency Through Automated Scheduling Using Generative AI Models
Authors: Ali Mohamed Anwar , Mohammed Azharuddin , Saif Al Busaeedi Nasser , Saud Shah , Salem Al Sayari Amal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study presents a conceptual model that uses generative AI to automate project scheduling for complex oil and gas capital projects. The model uses historical project schedules and expert-built process maps to generate a full-scale schedule including dependencies, resources, and duration. The study highlights the limitations of traditional scheduling methods based solely on planner ability and discusses the potential benefits of using AI, including improved accuracy and efficiency.
The conceptual model aims to address project schedule issues and the model begins by collecting data from past projects to create a historical database, which is used to train a generative AI algorithm to perfect the process maps. Process maps serve as a visual representation of the project schedule, detailing the steps and dependencies involved in a project, and are used to find potential issues or bottlenecks in the schedule and recommend solutions based on historical data. Text summarization and cataloging techniques are used to extract key information and categorize them based on project type, driver, size, stage, etc.
After examining the available literature and conducting a market analysis, it was found that the potential solutions for oil and gas scheduling requirements were not enough. The quality of the project schedule can be affected by several factors, leading to associated integrity issues, project delays, cost overruns, and other negative consequences. Addressing these challenges upfront requires a robust and reliable method that incorporates historical data, process maps, and AI-driven analysis to create accurate and transparent project schedules. Observations revealed that the model's ability to learn from historical project schedules and expert knowledge was crucial to its success. The use of expert-built process maps supplied a comprehensive and accurate framework for generating project schedules, improving the accuracy and efficiency of the generative AI algorithm. The proposed model offers a streamlined approach to project scheduling that can help reduce the potential for human error and improve project outcomes. The use of generative AI for project scheduling has the potential to revolutionize the oil and gas industry by supplying a more efficient and accurate method for managing complex projects. Further research and development of this approach can lead to continued improvements in accuracy and efficiency, ultimately leading to better project outcomes.
Impact of Diffusion and Adsorption on the Performance of CO2, CH4, and Cyclic Gas Huff-n-Puff Injection into Light Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Enab Khaled A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The implementation of cyclic gas injection, commonly known as huff-n-puff, holds significant promise in augmenting hydrocarbon recovery from shale oil reservoirs and addressing condensate blockage in liquid-rich shale formations. The effectiveness of huff-n-puff, however, depends greatly on the composition of both the reservoir fluid and the injected gas. Particularly in ultratight shale reservoirs, where diffusion and sorption play pivotal roles, a precise understanding of their influence on huff-n-puff performance becomes crucial for accurate predictions of oil recovery and solvent retention.
To thoroughly assess the huff-n-puff process in shale reservoirs, we conducted extensive large-scale numerical simulations using a dual-porosity naturally fractured compositional model that incorporates molecular diffusion and sorption mechanisms. The Langmuir's adsorption model was employed to account for adsorption effects within the system. Rigorous grid block sensitivity analysis was performed to minimize numerical errors and enhance simulation accuracy.
By evaluating the impact of diffusion and sorption on production performance for different fluid and injection gas combinations, we established correlations between the considered characteristics and the huff-n-puff performance. To conduct this evaluation, we selected the Eagle Ford Formation, a highly developed shale with a wide range of pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) windows, from dry gas to black oil. The simulation outcomes revealed that methane (CH4) and cyclic-produced gas exhibited the highest recovery potential, while carbon dioxide (CO2) yielded the lowest production results. The performance of the solvent was notably influenced by the content of light components in the fluid and the gas-oil ratio (GOR). Neglecting molecular diffusion, especially during the soaking period, led to underestimation of recovery factors, whereas disregarding the adsorption effect resulted in overestimation of recovery. Furthermore, we observed that the adsorption of intermediate components on the surface of organic pores in shale gas condensate effectively pushed condensate out of the pores, mitigating condensate blockage around the wellbore.
This work aims to provide further insights into the huff-n-puff performance in shale reservoirs by focusing on the reservoir fluid and injection gas compositions. The results of this work will improve our understanding of the relationship between fluid compositions and diffusion and sorption. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into the optimization of the huff-n-puff process in shale reservoirs.
Design of a Novel Sensor for Circumferential Multi Casing Corrosion Measurement Through Tubing
Authors: Dutta S. M. , Ramirez M. S. , Smith A. , Olaiya J. , Friere L. , Kverneland J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A novel sensor design is presented that uses transient or pulsed eddy current measurements to perform circumferential quantitative evaluation of corrosion, thickness, or metal loss of two or more concentric tubulars individually. Modeling and simulation studies and experimental results are presented that formed the basis, as well as provided validation, for the sensor design.
The new sensor design is based on transient or pulse eddy current technology and comprises several coils that simultaneously achieve azimuthal resolution on the tubing and the casing as well as high radial depth of investigation. The sensor is designed to induce eddy currents in multiple concentric tubulars and to measure a time-varying response from the outward-diffusing eddy currents. The full transient responses from multiple coils within the sensor can then be interpreted to obtain azimuthal information about corrosion and wall thickness of these tubulars.
Simulation studies and experimental results are presented that relate different physical features of the sensor to its performance in terms of sensitivity to channel flaws, signal-to-noise ratio, and azimuthal resolution. The results show that the sensor design has the potential to complement conventional multi-casing corrosion measurements that investigate more than three concentric tubulars but only yield average non-azimuthal wall thickness measurements of each tubular. Conventional multi-casing corrosion measurements have most recently been relegated as a precursor to pulling the tubing and evaluating the casing again with single barrier evaluation services. Measurements from the novel sensor could arm the operators with more accurate information as to the azimuthal extent of corrosion on the inner barriers and empower them to make timelier and more economical well integrity management decisions. These measurements can also complement through tubing evaluation of cement behind casing.
This paper describes the advantages, limitations, and design of a new state-of-the-art pulsed eddy current sensor that is meant to provide azimuthal measurements of the inner strings in multiple barrier completions. The novel sensor design has the potential to plug a critical gap in conventional downhole well integrity measurements during intervention or plug & abandonment which in present day only provide non-azimuthal multi-casing corrosion, thickness, and metal loss measurements.
The Accurate Emission Forecast at the Well Planning Stage
Authors: Ruzhnikov Alexey , Nifantov Aleksandr , Julaidan Mohammed , Johnson Ashley , Alharthi Rakan , Medina Diego 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWell construction is necessary part of oil and gas business, and its greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction is becoming important. Today, the main attention is paid to technology, minimizing drilling time and upgrading rig with low-energy equipment. However, often the changes are implemented without establishing the proper baseline. This paper provides the detailed approach how the emissions can be accurately calculated at the well planning stage, aiming to implement most effective actions to reduce it.The conventional approach to estimate rig site GHG emissions during the well construction relies on the past data, when the average daily fuel consumption is taken. Instead, the modern workflow was developed, which included the development of the algorithm to evaluate the emission during a specific well construction activity. To ensure the accuracy of the predicted values the rig fuel consumption measured with higher frequency comparing to daily-basis-approach and processed from spud to rig release. The obtained data allowed to tune the developed algorithm to ensure the high accuracy of the prediction.As a result, the actual GHG emissions during every operation was obtained. It was understood that between others the drilling and back reaming has the highest fuel consumption rates (as well as emission rate). The actual values were collected for different hole size at the same depth, for drilling, tripping, circulation, and flat time activities. Additionally, the carbon footprint of the auxiliaries was estimated.The updated algorithm allows now to have 95% accurate estimation of the rig site emissions during drilling program preparation. Previous approach during any decision related to a well construction was based on 2 main pillars: the budget and the performance. Now, with this information, it is possible to add the third component into the equation – the GHG emissions footprint. And better, more balanced decision can be made at the planning stage.The main idea of this approach is to get the low-energy, cost-effective and technically achievable well design as a baseline. It will leverage the effect of further implementation of energy transition technologies on top of this basis.This manuscript presents a new methodology of oil and gas wells engineering bringing the well design on qualitatively new sustainable development level. The ideas, which are formulated in the manuscript, can be implemented in any drilling project worldwide.
Feasibility Study of Low-Tension-Gas Flooding Application in High Temperature High Salinity Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Zhou Nancy C. , Niu Fangya , Panthi Krishna K. , AlAbdullah Mohammad B. , Lu Meng , Vaughan Steven , Zhang Danhua Leslie , Mohanty Kishore K. , Mojdeh Delshad , Li Jianshen , Liu Fuchen , Yang Zhenzhou 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Low-tension-gas (LTG) flooding has been demonstrated in the laboratory to improve oil recovery for tight formations with sub-20-md permeability. High temperature and high salinity (HTHS) reservoir conditions still pose significant challenges for this hybrid surfactant and gas enhance oil recovery (EOR) method. This paper presents a systematic study that includes developing low interfacial tension (IFT) surfactant formulation, investigating LTG flooding, and lab-scale reservoir simulations to evaluate the feasibility of LTG for field application in harsh reservoir conditions. The brine and crude oil analysis showed that the formation water and injection water from the interested field have total dissolved solids (TDS) up to 70,000 ppm and divalent cations, such as calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) over 2,000 ppm, and the crude oil contains over 5% asphaltene and has total acid number of &gt; 0.5 mg KOH/g. A novel synergistic blend of two commercially available long-alkyl-chain surfactants with a co-solvent was developed with ultralow IFT and acceptable foamability at 92°C. The foam injectivity core flood showed that a foam quality of 50-80% demonstrated a stable foam. The surfactant polymer (SP) core flood test using outcrop cores demonstrated the efficiency of the developed ultra-low IFT surfactant formulation. LTG core flood experiments using reservoir core plugs were performed by injecting the same low tension surfactant formulation along with gas at 50% quality followed by foam drive with the mobility control foam at 80% quality. The residual oil saturation was reduced to less than 5% by LTG flooding. The lab observed recovery was accurately modeled using UTCHEM, a chemical flooding simulator. Our experimental work demonstrates the effectiveness of LTG flooding in high temperature sandstone reservoirs with high divalent cations in high salinity formation brine. Our mechanistic models and numerical simulations for this complex surfactant and gas EOR method matched the experimental results.
Quantitative Analysis on Reducing Greenhouse Gases Emissions through the Implementation of Flare Gas Recovery Systems in Gas Oil Separation Plants
Authors: Alaskar Sarah Y. , Alsawad Turki A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the potential of implementing flare gas recovery systems (FGRS) in gas oil separation plant (GOSPs). During oil and gas extractions and refining stages, large amounts of ejected gases are directed to a flare network. Those flared gases increase greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and prevent the potential of utilizing excess gas as feedstock fuel. If FGRS are used, the amounts of wasted energy and GHG will consequently decrease. In this paper, quantitative analysis was performed to explore the overall benefits of implementing FGRS in GOSPs. The pillar of this study focuses on a GOSP plant. In this study, quantified flared volumes prior and after the implementation of FGRS were analyzed. Additionally, incorporated evidence from other industry practices were also collected to support the positive outcomes of FGRS implementations. The acquired results revealed a high favorability for utilizing FGRS systems in GOSPs in comparison to conventional flaring mechanisms. This paper covers a novel quantitative analysis of utilizing FGRS in GOSPs to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) and GHG footprint. The holistic impact and state of art of applying FGRS is recommended to be used in all GOSPs. If applied, FGRS can reduce GHG emissions hence, promoting sustainability, and aiding in power generation.
A Novel Methodology to Capture Anisotropy in Unconventional Reservoirs: A Case Study with Stress Anisotropy
Authors: Ibáñez E. , Alvarellos J. , C. Bezerra de Melo R. , Laksmikantha R. H. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The article presents the results of a case study obtained through the application of theory and methodology explained in the accompanying article submitted to this conference. Stress anisotropy determination requires material properties anisotropy as input, and the acquisition of these properties isn’t common practice. The current results clearly demonstrate how stress anisotropy could be captured in an unconventional reservoir with a simple and novel methodology. The results eventually enable efficient lateral placements and optimized hydraulic fracture design.
Rock mechanical properties were determined by compression and shear velocities; later, a 1D geomechanical model (1DGM) was built based on the poro-elasticity and effective stress principles. Subsequently, 1DGM was calibrated based on any available core, DFIT/LOT/FIT/minifrac data, and observations from DDR (daily drilling reports). The 1DGM built and the rock's mechanical properties calculated are isotropic. A regional tectonic strain value was determined based on multiple well correlations in the region. Following the theory and methodology proposed in the accompanying article in this conference, two new horizontal stresses, Shmin_tect and SHmax_tect, were determined, capturing stress anisotropy as input to hydraulic fracture design.
The play has three distinctive pay zones or shale formations: upper, middle, and lower, confined by much harder formations above and below. The area of study did not have any data for a full anisotropic characterization; however, there was production data suggesting connectivity in the staggered laterals. Thus, the objective was to determine as accurately as possible the stress anisotropy that would affect the vertical fracture growth and containment. Data from four (four) lateral/pilot wells was used to build four 1DGM in two different acreages. Results from one such well are shown in Figure 1. The results shown in Figure 1 clearly demarcate five zones with different stress gradients. In the three pay zones and shale formations, it is evident that the middle formation would potentially act as fracture containment for laterals placed in the upper and lower formations. Also, the much harder above and below formations show a higher stress gradient, as expected. Further analysis comparing microseismic and production data to substantiate the results obtained is ongoing. The results clearly show the effectiveness of the methodology, thus adding a simple but novel workflow to capture stress anisotropy that is cost-effective and has a quick turnaround.