bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep reinforcement learning‐based joint task offloading and resource allocation in multipath transmission vehicular networks
Authors: Yin Chenyang , Zhang Yuyang , Dong Ping , Zhang Hongke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMobile edge computing (MEC) is increasingly being applied to task computation with the continuing increase of computing‐intensive applications in vehicular networks. The MEC can offload the tasks generated by the vehicle to the MEC server to mitigate the computational constraints on the mobile vehicle. However, most task offloading algorithms can not cope with the dynamic distribution of vehicles in vehicular networks. Moreover, most task offloading algorithms do not consider vehicular networks using multipath transmission schemes. Therefore, it remains a challenge to implement efficient joint task offloading and resource allocation (JTORA) algorithms in multipath transmission vehicular networks. In this paper, we introduce a novel cooperative transmission network architecture in multipath transmission vehicular networks. The computational tasks generated by the vehicles can be offloaded to MEC servers deployed near the base station or to cloud servers via multipath transmission. We formulate the task offloading and resource allocation problem as a multi‐objective optimization problem in a multipath transmission vehicular network. To achieve efficient task offloading and resource allocation under cooperative transmission network architecture, we propose a JTORA algorithm for multipath transmission vehicular networks based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). JTORA converts the optimization problem into a DRL model and obtains a specific optimization policy through model training. Simulation results show that JTORA achieves lower average task delay and lower average task cost than other traditional heuristic algorithms.
Factors driving the acceptance of genetically modified food crops in Ghana
Authors: Ogwu Matthew Chidozie , Thompson Onah Peter , Kosoe Enoch Akwasi , Mumuni Eliasu , Akolgo‐Azupogo Helen , Obahiagbon Ebiuwa Gladys , Izah Sylvester Chibueze , Imarhiagbe Odoligie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrops produced using recombinant DNA technology have invaluable food security roles but are not broadly accepted. Food insecurity affects between 45% and 50% of the Ghanaian populace, while the debate to adopt, accept, use, and commercialize genetically modified (GM) crops is ongoing. In this study, a choice‐based conjoint experimental design was adopted to investigate factors driving the acceptance or rejection of GM crops in Ghana. Results from average marginal component effect estimation suggest that safety concern is the major driver for accepting or rejecting GM crops. This was further confirmed using predicted probabilities and marginal means estimation of community acceptance especially when it possesses certain attributes. The safer the GM crop is perceived for human consumption, health, and environment, the more likely the Ghanaian populace will accept it. In addition, yield and taste were observed to be other key driving factors to accept GM crops. Importantly, the country of patency was also observed to be a critical driving factor for whether or not a GM crop is accepted in Ghana. There is a need for active and greater engagement with the Ghanaian populace to put proper legislation, regulations, policies, and knowledge co‐creation process to ensure the proper use of GM crops.
Effect of tea polyphenols as an antioxidant on pork for frying at different temperatures and times
Authors: Fan WeiJiang , Du GuoHui , Zhang XueNa , Wang ShuQing , Long FeiHong , Li Chao , Jiang NingPeng , Zhang Yinglong , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of frying on the antioxidant properties of tea phenols added to pork. The antioxidant capacity of tea polyphenols with different concentrations was tested using different assays including total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) (FRAP method), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Our results indicated that tea polyphenols have a great antioxidant capacity and that a high frying temperature causes fat oxidation. Our study confirmed that DPPH assay is more suited to lipophilic compounds or compounds with high lipid content. In a frying temperature of 180°C, the DPPH‐free radical scavenging ability of pork was not decreased. Further experiments remain necessary to explore specific temperatures with the same results. This study provides new process parameters and new references for processing techniques of healthy and high‐quality pork products.
Probable effects of polypharmacy and equivalent doses of psychotropic drugs on prevalence of adverse drug events among psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital in Japan
Authors: Aoyama Keisuke , Tachi Tomoya , Kubo Satoaki , Koyama Aisa , Watanabe Mayuko , Aoyama Satoshi , Noguchi Yoshihiro , Tanaka Kazuhide , Yasuda Masahiro , Shibata Akihiko , Mizui Takashi , Teramachi Hitomi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn psychiatry, polypharmacy or high psychotropic drug doses increase adverse drug event (ADE) prevalence. However, the full relationship between polypharmacy and ADEs is unclear, and few studies have evaluated dose equivalents for psychotropic drugs for ADEs. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis to clarify the effects of polypharmacy and chlorpromazine (CP)‐, diazepam (DAP)‐, and imipramine‐ equivalent doses on all ADEs in inpatients.MethodsPsychiatric inpatients in a Japanese hospital from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2018, were enrolled. ADE severity and causality were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate ADE risk factors.ResultsAmong 462 patients analyzed, out of 471 patients enrolled, 145 (31.4%) experienced ADEs. The causality assessment determined that “possible” was 96.5%. The most common ADEs were nervous system disorders (35%). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated an increase in ADE prevalence with the number of drugs used (≥5; p = 0.026); CP‐equivalent dose (p = 0.048); and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (p = 0.045). DAP‐equivalent dose; infectious and parasitic diseases; and injury, poisoning, and consequences of other external causes decreased ADE prevalence (p = 0.047, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively).ConclusionsAvoiding polypharmacy in psychiatric inpatients and adjusting drug regimens to safe equivalent doses could reduce ADEs during hospitalization.
The feasibility of remote measurement of infant sleep and motor development
Authors: DeMasi Aaron , Waugh Mali , Wang Wei , Berger Sarah E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn response to the COVID‐19 pandemic shut‐down of in‐person research laboratories, remote data collection became mainstream in developmental psychology research. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of two remote data collection methods for studying sleep and motor development in infancy and the relationship between the two. We asked 1371 parents of infants aged 4–17 months who used the Nanit baby monitor to take the online Survey of Well‐being of Young Children (SWYC) about their infants' motor experience. Nanit uses auto‐videosomnography and computer vision algorithms to calculate and report summary statistics of infants' sleep. Nanit replicated all expected developmental trends in sleep, while the SWYC only replicated some, appearing to underestimate infants at the transition between motor milestones. However, we replicated some well‐established findings regarding the relationship between sleep and motor development using both measures, suggesting that both Nanit and the SWYC can feasibly be used for remote data collection, especially if some modifications were made to how researchers explained using the SWYC to caregivers. Researchers should consider alternatives to traditional research methods not only when in‐person participation is difficult or impossible, but also when large samples are needed and/or simple measurement tools are sufficient.
Attenuated cell cycle and DNA damage response transcriptome signatures and overrepresented cell adhesion processes imply accelerated progression in patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic neoplasms
Authors: Kaisrlikova Monika , Kundrat David , Koralkova Pavla , Trsova Iva , Lenertova Zuzana , Votavova Hana , Merkerova Michaela Dostalova , Krejcik Zdenek , Vesela Jitka , Vostry Martin , Simeckova Radka , Markova Marketa Stastna , Lauermannova Marie , Jonasova Anna , Cermak Jaroslav , Divoky Vladimir , Belickova Monika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPatients with myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are classified according to the risk of acute myeloid leukemia transformation. Some lower‐risk MDS patients (LR‐MDS) progress rapidly despite expected good prognosis. Using diagnostic samples, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms of this accelerated progression at the transcriptome level. RNAseq was performed on CD34+ ribodepleted RNA samples from 53 LR‐MDS patients without accelerated progression (stMDS) and 8 who progressed within 20 months (prMDS); 845 genes were differentially expressed (ІlogFCІ > 1, FDR < 0.01) between these groups. stMDS CD34+ cells exhibited transcriptional signatures of actively cycling, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte lineage‐primed progenitors, with upregulation of cell cycle checkpoints and stress pathways, which presumably form a tumor‐suppressing barrier. Conversely, cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR) and energy metabolism‐related pathways were downregulated in prMDS samples, whereas cell adhesion processes were upregulated. Also, prMDS samples showed high levels of aberrant splicing and global lncRNA expression that may contribute to the attenuation of DDR pathways. We observed overexpression of multiple oncogenes and diminished differentiation in prMDS; the expression of ZEB1 and NEK3, genes not previously associated with MDS prognosis, might serve as potential biomarkers for LR‐MDS progression. Our 19‐gene DDR signature showed a significant predictive power for LR‐MDS progression. In validation samples (stMDS = 3, prMDS = 4), the key markers and signatures retained their significance. Collectively, accelerated progression of LR‐MDS appears to be associated with transcriptome patterns of a quiescent‐like cell state, reduced lineage differentiation and suppressed DDR, inherent to CD34+ cells. The attenuation of DDR‐related gene‐expression signature may refine risk assessment in LR‐MDS patients.
Triboelectric gait sensing analysis system for self‐powered IoT‐based human motion monitoring
Authors: Zhao Leilei , Guo Xiao , Pan Yusen , Jia Shouchuang , Liu Liqiang , Daoud Walid A. , Poechmueller Peter , Yang Xiya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantitative analysis of gait parameters, such as stride frequency and step speed, is essential for optimizing physical exercise for the human body. However, the current electronic sensors used in human motion monitoring remain constrained by factors such as battery life and accuracy. This study developed a self‐powered gait analysis system (SGAS) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabricated electrospun composite nanofibers for motion monitoring and gait analysis for regulating exercise programs. The SGAS consists of a sensing module, a charging module, a data acquisition and processing module, and an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. Within the sensing module, two specialized sensing units, TENG‐S1 and TENG‐S2, are positioned at the forefoot and heel to generate synchronized signals in tandem with the user's footsteps. These signals are instrumental for real‐time step count and step speed monitoring. The output of the two TENG units is significantly improved by systematically investigating and optimizing the electrospun composite nanofibers' composition, strength, and wear resistance. Additionally, a charge amplifier circuit is implemented to process the raw voltage signal, consequently bolstering the reliability of the sensing signal. This refined data is then ready for further reading and calculation by the micro‐controller unit (MCU) during the signal transmission process. Finally, the well‐conditioned signals are wirelessly transmitted to the IoT platform for data analysis, storage, and visualization, enhancing human motion monitoring.image
Finite element analysis of vertebroplasty in the osteoporotic T11‐L1 vertebral body: Effects of bone cement formulation
Authors: Mondal Subrata , MacManus David B. , Banche‐Niclot Federica , Vitale‐Brovarone Chiara , Fiorilli Sonia , McCarthy Helen O. , Dunne Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVertebral compression fractures are one of the most severe clinical consequences of osteoporosis and the most common fragility fracture afflicting 570 and 1070 out of 100,000 men and women worldwide, respectively. Vertebroplasty (VP), a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves the percutaneous injection of bone cement, is one of the most efficacious methods to stabilise osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. However, postoperative fracture has been observed in up to 30% of patients following VP. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of different injectable bone cement formulations on the stress distribution within the vertebrae and intervertebral discs due to VP and consequently recommend the optimal cement formulation. To achieve this, a 3D finite element (FE) model of the T11‐L1 vertebral body was developed from computed tomography scan data of the spine. Osteoporotic bone was modeled by reducing the Young's modulus by 20% in the cortical bone and 74% in cancellous bone. The FE model was subjected to different physiological movements, such as extension, flexion, bending, and compression. The osteoporotic model caused a reduction in the average von Mises stress compared with the normal model in the T12 cancellous bone and an increment in the average von Mises stress value at the T12 cortical bone. The effects of VP using different formulations of a novel injectable bone cement were modeled by replacing a region of T12 cancellous bone with the materials. Due to the injection of the bone cement at the T12 vertebra, the average von Mises stresses on cancellous bone increased and slightly decreased on the cortical bone under all loading conditions. The novel class of bone cements investigated herein demonstrated an effective restoration of stress distribution to physiological levels within treated vertebrae, which could offer a potential superior alternative for VP surgery as their anti‐osteoclastogenic properties could further enhance the appeal of their fracture treatment and may contribute to improved patient recovery and long‐term well‐being.
Bone regeneration with hydroxyapatite particles loaded in photo‐cross‐linkable hydrogel: An experimental study
Authors: Li Yu‐si , Guo Shan‐lin , Choi Julian , Zeng Jia‐hao , Zhang Jing‐wen , Zhao Fang‐bing , Liu Chun‐dong , Shen Xiao‐Qing , Geng Yuan‐Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores the use of in situ cross‐linked hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) and hydroxyapatite particles (HAP) for bone defect repair. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated and co‐cultured with the HAMA‐HAP composite. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity quantification, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A cranial defect was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats. This defect was then filled with the HAMA‐HAP composite and cross‐linked using UV light exposure. Bone formation was assessed through radiographic and histological analyses. The HAMA‐HAP composite was found to promote cell viability similarly to pure HAP. It also enhanced gene expression of ALP, OPN, and Runx2, and increased ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation in vitro. Micro‐CT scans showed defect restoration in the HAMA‐HAP and HAP groups compared to the control group. The HAMA‐HAP group exhibited higher Tb.N, Tb.Sp, Tb.Th, and BV/TV. Masson staining showed the HAMA‐HAP composite restored the defect site, with new bone formation thicker than in the HAP group. The HAMA‐HAP composite showed excellent biocompatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. It effectively repaired cranial defects, indicating its potential for clinical use in bone defect repair.
A randomized controlled pilot trial of anakinra and pioglitazone for protein metabolism in patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Ertuglu Lale A. , Deger Serpil Muge , Alsouqi Aseel , Hung Adriana , Gamboa Jorge , Mambungu Cindy , Sha Feng , Siew Edward , Abumrad Naji N. , Ikizler T. Alp 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation and insulin resistance are highly prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) and are strongly associated with protein energy wasting. We conducted a pilot, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) and pioglitazone to explore the safety, feasibility and efficacy for insulin‐mediated protein metabolism in patients undergoing MHD.MethodsTwenty‐four patients were randomized to receive IL‐1ra, pioglitazone or placebo for 12 weeks. Changes in serum inflammatory markers and insulin‐mediated protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance in the whole‐body and skeletal muscle compartments were assessed using hyperinsulinaemic–hyperaminoacidemic clamp technique at baseline and Week 12.ResultsAmong 24 patients, median (interquartile range) age was 51 (40, 61), 79% were African American and 21% had diabetes mellitus. All patients initiated on intervention completed the study, and no serious adverse events were observed. There was a statistically significant decrease in serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in the pioglitazone group compared with placebo, but not in the IL‐1ra group. No significant differences in the changes of whole‐body or skeletal muscle protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance were found between the groups.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, there were no statistically significant effects of 12 weeks of IL‐1ra or pioglitazone on protein metabolism in patients on MHD.Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02278562.
See something, say something: the coroner's perspective
Authors: Lee Kristal , Tapia Kriscia , Suleiman Mo'ayyad E. , Ekpo Ernest 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe communicating safely policy, publicised by the catchphrase See Something, Say Something was released by the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia in 2019. It was developed to support medical radiation practitioners (MRPs) upholding the obligation to communicate urgent or unexpected findings in a timely manner, when identified on medical images. Prior to this policy being part of the professional capabilities, several untimely deaths occurred—the majority of whose causal factors could have been mitigated if imaging findings were urgently communicated by MRPs. This commentary summarises three coronial inquests that involved MRPs, discusses how these coronial findings are reflected in the communicating safely policy and provides some recommendations for the profession to ensure this policy is enacted in clinical practice.
CRISPR‐Cas system: A promising tool for rapid detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Kuo , Lin Guigao , Li Jinming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, remains a global health crisis. The emergence of multiple variants with enhanced characteristics necessitates their detection and monitoring. Genome sequencing, the gold standard, faces implementation challenges due to complexity, cost, and limited throughput. The CRISPR‐Cas system offers promising potential for rapid variant detection, with advantages such as speed, sensitivity, specificity, and programmability. This review provides an in‐depth examination of the applications of CRISPR‐Cas in mutation detection specifically for SARS‐CoV‐2. It begins by introducing SARS‐CoV‐2 and existing variant detection platforms. The principles of the CRISPR‐Cas system are then clarified, followed by an exploration of three CRISPR‐Cas‐based mutation detection platforms, which are evaluated from different perspectives. The review discusses strategies for mutation site selection and the utilization of CRISPR‐Cas, offering valuable insights for the development of mutation detection methods. Furthermore, a critical analysis of the clinical applications, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and prospects of the CRISPR‐Cas system is provided.
Investigating gendered reactions to manager mistreatment: Testing the presumed role of prescriptive stereotypes
Authors: Mu Frank , Shen Winny , Bobocel D. Ramona , Barron Amy H. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryEmerging research demonstrates that female managers who mistreat their subordinates suffer more severe negative consequences than male managers. Researchers presume this is because women (but not men) are penalized for acting incongruently with communality prescriptions (i.e., being insufficiently kind). However, integrating this work with the broader literature on gender and leadership, gendered reactions to mistreatment could also—or alternatively—be explained by incongruence with high agency proscriptions (i.e., being too dominant). We model these mechanisms simultaneously in a moderated mediation model across three studies, and find that employees are less trusting of female than male managers because they interpret interpersonal justice violations from women as incongruent with low agency prescriptions. Our results challenge a prevailing assumption in the mistreatment literature by revealing that female managers suffer more severe relational consequences than male managers because their violation of interpersonal justice is construed as excessively agentic, whereas these behaviors are viewed as similarly contravening communality for both male and female managers. By directly testing and correctly specifying the mechanism through which manager gender can shape social exchange processes in the aftermath of manager mistreatment, our studies have scientific and practical implications.
Complementary feeding in infants born preterm: Aspects needing improvement
Authors: Meneghelli Marta , Toniazzo Silvia , Priante Elena , Cavicchiolo Maria Elena , De Terlizzi Francesca , Gaio Paola , Spinella Paolo , Verlato Giovanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of our study was to collect data on complementary feeding (CF) in preterm infants (PIs).MethodsWe enrolled PI ≤ 34 weeks of gestational age discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the University Hospital of Padova. At 12 months of corrected age (CA), CF was investigated with questionnaires to the parents and a 24‐h dietary recall. In a subgroup of newborns, we also evaluated bone status at a CA of 12 months using quantitative ultrasound.ResultsWe studied 167 ex PI at 1 year of CA. CF was introduced in 67.1% of them between 5 and 8 months of chronological age, with fruit as the first food (81%, n = 136). Sweet drinks were consumed by 17.4% of our sample, and salt was added in 33.5% of cases. PIs, at 1 year CA, introduced extra energy compared to the theoretical requirement (121 ± 31 kcal/kg/day) and higher protein intake than recommended (39 ± 11 g/day), while the intake of both total lipids and carbohydrates was slightly lower. Vitamins and minerals were adequate, except vitamin D. Regarding bone status, we found a correlation between vitamin D intakes from the diet and bone parameters (metacarpus‐bone transmission time: r = 0.36, p = 0.01) at 1 year of CA.ConclusionsOur population of PIs started CF in agreement with current suggestions though with a notable heterogeneity and with some mistakes. Vitamin D intake was correlated with bone status at 1 year of CA.