bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide RNAi-based knockdown mutant library of microalgae reveals a distinct high-light adaptation mechanism in Nannochloropsis
Authors: Xu Jian , Liang Wensi , Gan Xiaolong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In microalgae,RNA interference (RNAi)-based genome-wide screening has not been established, due to the difficulty in obtaining a library of long hairpin RNAs (lhRNA) that trigger gene down-regulation. Here for the model industrial microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica, we developed a rolling circle amplification-mediated lhRNA library for genome-wide knockdown and efficient mutation mapping. Among the targeted protein-coding genes, 60.3% feature successful insertion of inverted repeats, of which ~79.2% are down-regulated and their transcripts reduced by 26.3~91.6%. Such gene silencing is correlated with DNAmethylation induced by 24-nt small interference RNA, suggesting profound transcriptional regulation by epigenetic modification in microalgae. Phenotypic screening under high-light conditions unraveled a previously unknown, viola-/vaucheria-xanthin chlorophyll a binding light harvesting protein (LHCV1) that resists prolonged high-light stress by alleviating oxidative damage, and its photoprotection is independent of non-photochemical quenching. These suggest a high-light adaptation mechanism distinct from other heterokonts. Such genome-wide knockdown libraries should greatly accelerate algal functional genomics and feedstock development.
Study of the relationship between the size, location, and duration of tympanic membrane perforation with the value of Air-Bone Gap on pure-tone audiogram
Authors: Alfarra Mohammad , Almouazzen Omar , Nahas Louei Darjazini 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Tympanic membrane perforation can lead to hearing loss, infection, and negatively affect daily activities. Therefore, it is important to study this condition, and to further understand its causes and symptoms. We conducted this study in which we aim to evaluate the effect of the size, location, and duration of tympanic membrane perforation on the value of the air-bone gap.
Methods
a cross-sectional study in Damascus hospital, on cases from 2014 to 2023, including 83 cases of either sex, 22 cases were bilateral, so the total number of perforation cases was 105, aged 13 years and above, unilateral and bilateral, randomly selected.
Results
Our study included 83 cases, their ages ranged from [13–70] years, with an average of 31.84 ± 12.97. Of the 83 patients, 36 (43.4%) were male and 47 (56.6%) were female. Most cases of perforation were unilateral 61 (73.5%), with a preponderance of left-sided perforation 54 (51.4%). Inflammatory perforation was the most common 62 (59%). Duration of perforation was the most common (less than a year), with a rate of 22 (16.4%). For the size and location of the perforation, the largest percentage (for a central medium) was 26 (24.8%). Hearing loss was 86 (81.9%) as the most common symptom related to the perforation side, and vertigo 9 (10.8%) as the most common symptom not related to the perforation side. By studying the size and location of the perforation, we found that an increase in the size of the tympanic membrane perforation is associated with an increase in the value of the air-bone gap, and by comparing the posterior-inferior-central perforation with the anterior-inferior-central perforations, we found that the posterior-inferior-central perforations are associated with a greater value of the air-bone gap. We also found that as the duration of perforation increases, the value of the air-bone gap increases.
Effect of pattern fabrication methods on retentive strength in three-unit implant-supported frameworks: A comparative analysis
Authors: Giti Rashin , Bahrami Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Given the significant role of retention in the long-term success of implant-supported prostheses, this study aimed to compare the retentive strength of three-unit implant-supported frameworks manufactured using the conventional, subtractive milling, and 3D printing methods.
Methods
In this in-vitro study, two fixture analogs were placed in the mandibular right first premolar and first molar region of a Dentiform model, and two prefabricated abutments were secured in the fixture analogs. A total of 27 three-unit frameworks were fabricated utilizing wax patterns prepared through conventional, milling, and 3D printing techniques (n = 9 per group). The frameworks were cemented with zinc oxide eugenol and subjected to thermocycling. The retentive strength of each specimen was evaluated through a pull-out test conducted with a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (P < 0.05).
Results
The three groups were found to be significantly different (P = 0.01). While the 3D printing and milling groups were not significantly different (P = 0.99), they yielded significantly higher retentive strength compare to the conventional group (P = 0.02 for 3D printing and P = 0.03 for milling group).
Conclusion
The utilization of 3D printing and milling technique for wax pattern preparation significantly increased the retention of the implant-supported framework, with no statistically significant difference between the two methods.
The shallow marine VMS copper deposit of Yushui, Eastern Guangdong, South China: Evidence from geology, geochronology and geochemistry
Authors: Chen Gang , Yang Xiuqing , Ke Changhui , Tang Yanwen , Chen Maohong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many massive sulfide deposits have been discovered in the Upper Paleozoic rift-related volcaniclastic sequence in South China, among which the Yushui copper deposit is the most important due to its high grade. The deposit has been variably attributed as SEDEX (Sedimentary Exhalative) or MVT (Mississippi Valley Type). The Yushui copper deposit in Guangdong (South China) contains stratiform bornite-chalcopyrite orebodies (102.1 kt Cu @ 3.5%, 186.6 kt Pb @ 4.29%, 117.6 kt Zn @ 2.91% and 339 t Ag @ 112 g/t) developed along the contact between Upper Carboniferous dolostone and Lower Carboniferous pebbly quartz sandstone, which indicates a shallow marine deposition environment. The Yushui deposit comprises an upper massive sulfide orebody and a lower stockwork orebody with intense alteration. In this study, we newly identified Carboniferous tuffs and syn-volcanic faults in the footwall, and exhalites in the hanging-wall. Hematite from the Cu ores yielded a U-Pb age of 320 ± 15 Ma (MSWD = 2.1, n = 57), and hydrothermal dolomite yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 308.1 ± 4.6 Ma (n = 7; MSWD = 0.94), which constrains the timing of mineralization at Yushui. These ages are coeval with the Carboniferous host rocks. Combining the evidence from the geological features (syn-volcanic faults, volcanic rocks, exhalites) and hematite trace element compositions, we suggest that the Yushui is a shallow marine VMS (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide) deposit. The Sr-Nd isotope composition of hydrothermal dolomite (εNd ~-12) indicates that the ore-forming materials were originated from the crustal basement. The Yushui copper deposit was likely formed during the Late Carboniferous continental backarc extension in eastern South China. The regional extension may have caused enhanced heat flow, which promoted fluid convection in the basement rocks. In addition, we suggest that volcanic rocks and disseminated chalcopyrite-pyrite mineralization in the Lower Carboniferous quartz sandstone and exhalites are good indicators for regional VMS prospecting.
Sexual violence and associated factors among high school female students in Shashemene town, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Nigusie Nardos , Endebu Tamrat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Although sexual violence against schoolgirls is worse in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, such as Ethiopia, the extent of the problem and its contributing factors have not been sufficiently studied to guide policy. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sexual violence and associated factors among high school female students in Shashemene town, southern Ethiopia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 14, 2023. A total of 508 study subjects were selected from different high schools using a mix of multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data. The data were checked, entered into Epi-Info version 7, and exported to SPSS version 26 for further data cleaning and analysis. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted, and the level of significance of the association was determined at a P-value < 0.05.
Results
A total of 508 female students participated, with a response rate of 98.1%. The prevalence of sexual violence was found to be 47.2% (95% CI: 43.3, 51.4). The associated factors were: age 18–20 years old (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.59), lower family income (AOR = 6.13; 95% CI: 3.28, 11.47), ever seen when mother being beaten by her husband (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.57, 4.08), chewing khat (AOR = 3.79; 95% CI: 1.81, 7.92), ever initiating sexual intercourse (AOR = 4.59; 95% CI: 2.32, 9.08), having awareness about other raped female students (AOR = 3.57; 95% CI: 1.93, 6.58), and perceived vulnerability to sexual violence (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.68).
Conclusion
The prevalence of sexual violence among high school female students was high. The problem needs due attention, and urgent multi-sectoral engagement is needed to address those identified factors, empower female students, and tailor remedial intervention for survivors of sexual violence.
Future variations of water stress over China will have impacts on the north-to-south shifts in agriculture and manufacturing sectors
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Liu Mengyu , G.H. Huang , Li Yongping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this study, a fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution water stress prediction (FTOPWSP) index is developed to analyze spatiotemporal variations of water stress, and concomitant effects on the populace within China under climate change. The potential implications of water stress variations on the migration of the agriculture sector, manufacturing industry, and human population are further discussed. Our results show that the value of the FTOPWSP index could decrease by 7.17% from 2020 to 2099 under the representative concentration pathway 2.6-shared socioeconomic pathway 2 (RCP2.6-SSP2) scenario. Such a decrease signifies an augury of water stress in the ensuing eight decades. The primary causative factors are attributed to decreased water resources supply, such as groundwater recharge, groundwater runoff, and subsurface runoff. Moreover, future annual variations of the FTOPWSP index value are predominantly contributed by its variations during the spring and autumn seasons. The water stress in the southeastern provinces would be much lower than the northwestern ones, wherein more than 20% of the entire Chinese population would be severely impacted by water stress. More importantly, such variations of water stress could lead to the north-to-south migration of the agriculture sector, manufacturing industry, and human population.
A Comparative Analysis of Image Deblurring Techniques for Saturated Images
Authors: M Mahendra B , Sonoli Savita , Gowda Tarun , Srin Tanmai , Kiran Rutu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Image deblurring in low-level computer vision aims to restore a clear image from a blurry input. An important challenge in this field is deblurring images affected by over-saturated pixels. However, addressing this issue has proven to be difficult. Existing deblurring algorithms suffer from degraded performance when outliers such as saturation and noise are present. These outliers violate the linear image formation process, leading to undesired artifacts in the output image. This study thoroughly examines a range of non-neural approaches and algorithms that have been developed to tackle the presence of saturation in the deblurring process. A comparative analysis of these algorithms is conducted using various images captured under low-light conditions. The evaluation includes the use of appropriate image quality assessment metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, and BRISQUE Score. Additionally, a mathematical exploration is provided, highlighting the fundamental principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each algorithm. The findings of this review serve as a valuable resource for image deblurring researchers, offering insights and guidance for their current and future work.
Mainstreaming climate adaptation and institutionalization: focusing on the water management of the third national climate adaptation plan of South Korea
Authors: Gim Changdeok , Shin Jiyoung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Government of South Korea has devoted efforts to mainstream climate adaptation in the national framework for a decade, and the recent National Climate Adaptation Plan (2021–2025) is a part of the continued institutionalizing endeavor to enhance adaptive capacity. To cope with climate threats, such as financial loss and death toll, confirmed at the 55th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2022, addressing a fundamental question of how to mainstream climate adaptations at the governmental policy level came to the fore. This study builds an analysis framework comprising three different domains of institutionalized mainstreaming – normative, organizational, and operational approaches – to understand how far climate adaptation has been institutionalized. Further, the framework is applied to analyze the extent to which an administrative project 'I. Water Management' specified in the Detailed Implementation Programs has been mainstreamed. The analysis results indicate more rigorous inter/intra organizational governance and responsibility supported by regulatory provisions are much needed, inter alia, for the due course of institutionalizing climate adaptation. It can be quite challenging to achieve national climate adaptation in a timely manner when there is a lack of comprehensive integration of resilience institutions into national recognition, regulatory organization, and operational tools.
Emerging progress of carbon nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: synthesis and utilization
Authors: Xie Yuansha , Chen Wu , Dai Jie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, data from experiments concerning carbon components in various forms, including graphite, graphene oxide (GO), active carbon, compilations, and analyses of the substances used as efficient wastewater management agents, are conducted. The initial phase involved characterizing the mentioned carbon compounds and nanoparticles (NPs) using various complementary methods. Raman spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta spectrum research are involved in the approach. The next obstacle was coming up with a very straightforward procedure that would allow us to examine whether carbon NPs behaved in a mixture of effluent water and active sludge regarding hydrodynamic and physiological consequences. Principal component analysis (PCA) (univariate and multivariate) has confirmed the complicated relationships of NPs made of GO with organisms observed in processed wastewater. PCA techniques are used to evaluate experimental outcomes. Utilizing the results from this experiment, several huge-scale studies on how active NPs affect wastewater purification may be designed. Simulations using PCA clearly showed that GO significantly impacts the wastewater technical processes under investigation. It is envisaged that the discoveries will enable the design of clever conservation technologies.
Simulation of the of the DeepLabv3 neural network learning process for the agricultural fields segmentation
Authors: Rogachev A. F. , Belousov I. S. 
Published: October 2023

Objective. Monitoring and determining the state of crops in agricultural production requires the use and improvement of neural network methods of artificial intelligence.The aim of the study is to create a mathematical model of the learning process of the DeepLabV3 neural network for intelligent analysis and segmentation of agricultural fields.Method. Based on the newly formed RGB database of images of agricultural fields, marked up into four classes, a neural network of the DeepLabV3 architecture was developed and trained. Approximations of the learning curve by the modified Johnson function are obtained by the methods of least squares and least modules.Result. A statistical assessment of the quality of training and approximation of neural networks to the DeepLabV3 architecture in combination with ResNet 50 was carried out. The constructed DNN family based on DeepLabV3 with ResNet50 showed the efficiency of recognition and sufficient speed in determining the state of crops.Conclusions. Approximation of the neural network learning diagram to the DeepLabV3 architecture, using a modified Johnson function, allows us to estimate the value of the “saturation” of the simulated dependence and predict the maximum value of the neural network metric without taking into account its possible retraining.
Technologies and materials for repair, restoration and restoration of historical and cultural monuments
Authors: Hadzhishalapov G. N. , Bataeva P. D. , Bataev A. D. 
Published: October 2023

Objective. The task has been set to develop materials and technologies for repair, restoration and restoration of cultural heritage objects (CHOs) - historical and cultural monuments of CHOs that meet the requirements.Method. The work uses modern methods of physical and mechanical testing of materials and structures, including destructive and non-destructive quality control methods, as well as a modern mathematical apparatus for generalizing and processing experimental and statistical data.Result. Due to the fact that the South of Russia is rich in cultural heritage, and a significant number of historical and cultural monuments have been destroyed as a result of natural and man-made impacts, special attention is paid to the scientific substantiation and development of technological and technical solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of their repair, restoration and restoration.Conclusion. The work has developed methodological and methodological foundations for organizing work, a scale for assessing damage and destruction of historical and cultural monuments, and repair and restoration compositions based on air and hydraulic lime binders that meet the repair and restoration requirements.
Modeling of the flow and heat exchange in pipes with turbulators of viscous heat carriers in the laminar region, as well as in the transition to turbulent flow
Authors: Lobanov I. E. 
Published: October 2023

Objective. Mathematical modeling of heat transfer in pipes with turbulators for viscous heat carriers at Reynolds numbers characteristic of laminar and transient flow regimes is carried out by the calculation method. The solution of the heat exchange problem for semicircular cross-section flow turbulators based on multiblock computing technologies based on the solution of the Reynolds equations (closed for the transient mode using the Menter shear stress transfer model) and the energy equation (on multi-scale intersecting structured grids) by the factorized finite-volume method (FCOM) was considered.Method. The calculation was carried out on the basis of a theoretical method based on the solution of the Reynolds equations, closed for transient modes using the Menter shear stress transfer model, and the energy equation on multiscale intersecting structured grids (FCOM), by a factorized finite-volume method.Result. Both local and averaged characteristics of the flow and heat exchange in pipes with turbulators for a viscous coolant for laminar and transient flow modes of the coolant were obtained using the FCOM method in the work, which made it possible to determine for these modes the levels of heat exchange intensification that satisfactorily correlate with the existing experiment.Conclusion. The calculated relative hydraulic resistance for low turbulators increases quite slightly, and for medium-altitude turbulators reaches 2÷2.5 to the critical Reynolds number, and subsequently it increases up to 3 times; for high turbulators, the relative hydraulic resistance increases up to 4 times even before the transition flow regime is reached, after which it increases up to 4.5 times. The calculated relative isothermal intensified heat exchange under the laminar flow regime of a viscous coolant for relatively high turbulators increases almost 2 times; for relatively medium heights of turbulators — almost one and a half, and for low relative heights, the intensification of heat exchange is insignificant.
Technical aspects of the development of solar energy refrigeration technology on solid sorbents
Authors: Shipulina Y. V. , Rudenko M. F. , Sainova V. N. 
Published: October 2023

Objective. The purpose of the study is a scientific review of the stages of development of refrigeration technology with sorption action on solid sorbents and an assessment of the current state of development of such household equipment in relation to the use of solar energy.Method. The dynamics of the development of solar energy refrigeration equipment based on sorption thermotransformers, the working vapors of which are solid sorbents and ozone-safe refrigerants, are analyzed. The beginning of development comes from the creation of periodic installations operating from the thermal energy of traditional energy carriers: hot water, burning of hydrocarbon or organic fuels, electric energy, and cooling with water and air and ends with modern refrigeration units operating from the energy of solar radiation and the daily temperature difference of the environment.Result. The peculiarities of making technical decisions underlying the design of the main devices of solar energy refrigeration units are noted. Circuit designs and operating principles of installations and their devices used to improve operating efficiency are described. The main trends in research conducted by scientists to improve the operation of solar energy thermal transformers of cyclic action are considered.Conclusion. This article may be useful to young scientists, engineers and designers for the design and development of innovative autonomous thermal transmitters and refrigeration units for cooling and short-term storage of products and medicines, obtaining food ice, air conditioning, operating independently from solar energy. Such installations are easy to manufacture and operate.
Recommendations for using a methodology for assessing the security of an automated control system for critical information infrastructure from DDoS attacks based on Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Voevodin V. A. , Chernyaev V. S. , Vinogradov I. V. 
Published: October 2023

Objective. The objective of the research is to develop a methodology for the security of an automated control system of critical information infrastructure from DDoS attacks. The methodology allows the decision-maker to obtain an assessment of the risk of exposure of the computer network (CN) to DDoS attacks and take necessary actions to reduce the risk of this threat.Method. To achieve the stated objective of the research, simulation modeling based on the Monte Carlo method was used, implemented within the framework of a specialized software environment, as well as a method for calculating integral risk.Result. A methodology was proposed for assessing the security of an automated control system for critical information infrastructure from DDoS attacks, taking into account the importance of individual nodes of its CN.Conclusion. Thus, the developed methodology is useful when conducting an information security audit to assess the integral risk of impact implementation of a DDoS attack on a CN and is designed to help an organization achieve global information security goals, as well as to justify the amount of the insurance premium paid when insuring cyber risks.