bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an online nutrition management application service on glycaemic management in individuals with diabetes: A propensity‐score‐matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hironaka Junya , Okada Hiroshi , Minamida Megumi , Kondo Yuriko , Nakajima Hanako , Majima Saori , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Okamura Takuro , Senmaru Takafumi , Ushigome Emi , Nakanishi Naoko , Hamada Kazuki , Nojiri Tetsuya , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of ‘Oishi Kenko’, a nutrition management application (app), on glycaemic control in patients with diabetes.Materials and MethodsA propensity‐score‐matched retrospective cohort study was performed using data from the KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort study conducted between January and June 2022 in Japan. We analysed data from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, comparing users who used the Oishi Kenko app (app group) with non‐users (control group) over 3 months.ResultsAmong the 50 participants who actively used it, 47 participants in both the app and control cohorts were selected from the KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort according to propensity‐score matching. Within the app group, the median glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 51 mmol/mol (6.9%) at baseline, which slightly decreased to 50 mmol/mol (6.8%) at the 3‐month mark (median change 0.0%). Conversely, in the control group, the baseline HbA1c level of 51 mmol/mol (6.9%) exhibited a marginal increase of 52 mmol/mol (7.0%) after 3 months (median change 0.20%). The median HbA1c level change between the groups was statistically significant, with the app group showing a significant positive change compared with the control group (p = 0.012).ConclusionThe Oishi Kenko app effectively improved glycaemic control in patients with diabetes; hence, it may be a promising tool for patient‐driven dietary management.
Mechanistic study on the effect of seepage force on hydraulic fracture initiation
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Zhou Desheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe flow of fracturing fluid through rock pores generates a seepage force (SF) that disrupts the existing stress equilibrium and significantly affects rock deformation and failure. Despite its impact, the effect of SF on hydraulic fracture (HF) initiation has yet to be fully understood. In this study, a mechanistic model of SF's impact on fracture initiation was established through analysis of the force balance on a microscopic element. Using the finite difference method, a transient hydro‐mechanical model was developed to simulate fluid seepage‐induced stress distribution and pore pressure variation around a wellbore. Model results were validated through comparison with an analytical solution of pore pressure. The influence of SF on fracture initiation was investigated by conducting simulations with various wellbore pressurization rates and fracturing fluid viscosities. The results showed that fluid viscosity and pressurization rate have a significant impact on fracture initiation pressure (FIP) and SF‐induced circumferential stress. A larger SF‐induced circumferential stress and a lower FIP were observed when the viscosity and pressurization rate were smaller. A higher Biot coefficient results in stronger SF and reduced FIP. The theoretical mechanical model of seepage force established in this paper can provide crucial theoretical support for understanding the mechanism of fracture initiation and propagation, as well as for optimizing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing construction.
The price women attorneys pay for being mothers in South African law firms
Authors: Meyer Tamlynne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of a study undertaken amongst women attorneys in South Africa, to determine the impact motherhood has on their legal career. The argument is that motherhood is incompatible with the hyper‐competitive male dominant professional culture of the legal profession. The paper employs Edgar Schein's concept of organisational culture and Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and culture to understand how women continue to experience unequal outcome in their careers, despite the removal of formal barriers and the enactment of laws and policies. The concepts further illuminate how and why the male dominant culture of the profession embeds itself and remains one of the hardest elements to change. The study was furthermore underpinned by a feminist standpoint epistemology, interviewing 27 attorneys across three corporate law firms in South Africa. The key findings show that when becoming a mother, many women attorneys experience a disjuncture between their mothering and professional role, which is attributed to the hyper‐competitive culture of the profession. This leads to many women having less successful legal careers which is manifested in different ways. These findings demonstrate how women are perpetually marginalized in the profession and why we continue to see the lack of women in the senior ranks of the profession despite a robust legal and policy framework promoting equality.
Post‐stroke fatigue, hope and discharge readiness: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Xian yi Huang‐ , Shuang Liu , Jie Yue , Yan Liu , Yu Li , Li Chen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the relationships among post‐stroke fatigue, hope and discharge readiness in stroke patients, and to determine whether hope mediates the relationship between post‐stroke fatigue and discharge readiness.BackgroundIn stroke patients, inadequate discharge readiness has been found to correlate with higher readmission and mortality rates. Although previous qualitative studies have confirmed the impact of fatigue on discharge readiness, few studies explore the impact of post‐stroke fatigue and hope on discharge readiness of stroke patients. Consequently, the current research on this relationship and its underlying mechanisms is still quite limited.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from 340 stroke patients. The research tools included demographic and disease characteristics, Discharge Readiness Assessment Scale for Stroke, Neurological Fatigue Index for Stroke and Herth Hope Index. The STROBE checklist was used to guide the presentation of this study.ResultsDischarge readiness was negatively correlated with post‐stroke fatigue and positively correlated with hope. Additionally, post‐stroke fatigue was negatively correlated with hope. Post‐stroke fatigue had a direct negative effect on discharge readiness, and it can also generate indirect effects through hope. Hope was the partial mediator between post‐stroke fatigue and discharge readiness, explaining 55.8% of the total effect.ConclusionDischarge readiness of this population can be improved by reducing post‐stroke fatigue and increasing hope. Therefore, effective management of post‐stroke fatigue and hope will help improve discharge readiness.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is recommended that nursing staff should monitor the occurrence and development of post‐stroke fatigue in stroke patients, dynamically evaluate the patient's level of hope, and pay attention to the important role of positive psychological qualities in the outcome of discharge. If medical staff can formulate corresponding intervention measures based on the influence path of discharge readiness, then the discharge readiness of stroke patients can be improved.
Characterization and report of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG‐Fb affecting soybean in Brazil
Authors: Cappellaro Suelen , Huzar‐Novakowiski Jaqueline , Chiomento José Luis Trevizan , Inokuti Eliane Mayumi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRhizoctonia root rot is a disease that can affect soybean leading to plant death usually in bare patches. Frequently, Rhizoctonia solani has been reported as the main causal agent of the disease. However, due to the great genetic diversity of the genus Rhizoctonia, there are other species that could also attack soybean plants. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity and characterize an isolate of binucleate Rhizoctonia obtained from a soybean plant with symptoms of root rot cultivated in soil from southern Brazil. The isolate was identified based on the morphology and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the rDNA. Pathogenicity tests were then performed on seeds and roots of soybean and the optimum temperature for mycelial growth was determined. The isolate was identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia AG‐Fb and it was pathogenic to soybean seeds and roots. In the pathogenicity assay in soybean seed, the isolate reduced seed germination by 20% and caused seed rot index of 69.3. In the pathogenicity assay in soybean root, the inoculation of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG‐Fb caused 67.3 root rot severity index, and reduced the emergence speed index by 19%, seedling height by 31%, root dry mass by 25% and root volume by 43% in soybean seedlings. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of the isolate was 26°C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG‐Fb associated with soybean root rot in Brazil.
Wake up to gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: The interplay between arousal and night‐time reflux
Authors: Elkalawy Hanan , Abosena Wael , Elnagger Mohamed , Allison Harmony 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis review examines the temporal association between nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux and sleep‐arousal cycles. Most nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux events occur during the awake cycle, and arousals precede most nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux events, indicating that arousal from sleep predisposes to nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux. This sheds light on the complex relationship between nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux and sleep, and has implications for managing nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux symptoms. The appearance of symptoms and the pathophysiology of nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux are influenced by sleep hygiene, sleep disturbances and the misalignment of circadian rhythms. Nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux and its related sleep disorders are prevalent and negatively impact the quality of life. There is conflicting evidence on whether nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux and sleep disturbances are causally linked, and whether sleep disturbances drive nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Poor sleep quality increases oesophageal hypersensitivity and overall acid exposure. The nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux is linked to the more severe forms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, especially with atypical/extra‐oesophageal manifestations and complications of mucosal damage such as oesophagitis and stricture, Barret's oesophagus, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This review highlights the role of sleep problems in presenting nocturnal gastro‐oesophageal reflux, and the potential benefits of treating sleep disturbances in enhancing patient care and quality of life.
Paradoxical breathing during sleep is associated with increased sleep apnea and reduced ventilatory capacities in high‐level spinal cord injury
Authors: Vivodtzev Isabelle , Rong Sophie , Ely Matthew R. , Patout Maxime , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: February 2024

SummarySleep‐disordered breathing is highly prevalent in individuals with high‐level spinal cord injury. In addition, chest mechanics are known to be altered, leading to paradoxical breathing. Here we investigated the interaction between paradoxical breathing and sleep quality in these patients, and its association with measurements of respiratory function, hypercapnic ventilatory response and peak exercise ventilation. Home‐based polysomnography was performed in 13 patients with spinal cord injury (C4 to T4) untreated for sleep‐disordered breathing. We defined paradoxical breathing as counterphase between thoracic and abdominal movements during slow‐wave and rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep quality, pulmonary function, hypercapnic ventilatory responses and peak exercise ventilation were compared between those with and without paradoxical breathing. Half of individuals presented with nocturnal paradoxical breathing. Despite similar age, body mass index, injury level, time since injury, and respiratory function, those with paradoxical breathing had higher apnea–hypopnea index (13 ± 8 versus 5 ± 3 events per hr) and average sleep heart rate (67 ± 12 versus 54 ± 4 bpm; p < 0.05). Moreover, paradoxical breathing was associated with lower hypercapnic ventilatory response (slope: 0.35 ± 0.17 versus 0.96 ± 0.38) and lower peak exercise ventilation (33 ± 4 versus 48 ± 12 L min−1; p < 0.05). Nocturnal respiratory muscle desynchronization could play a role in the pathophysiology of sleep apnea, and could relate to low ventilatory responses to both hypercapnia and exercise in high‐level spinal cord injury. Polysomnography may be an important diagnostic tool for these patients for whom therapeutic approaches should be considered to treat this abnormality.
Regulation of effector gene expression as concerted waves in Leptosphaeria maculans: a two‐player game
Authors: Clairet Colin , Gay Elise J. , Porquier Antoine , Blaise Françoise , Marais Claire‐Line , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène , Rouxel Thierry , Soyer Jessica L. , Fudal Isabelle 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Effector genes, encoding molecules involved in disease establishment, are concertedly expressed throughout the lifecycle of plant‐pathogenic fungi. However, little is known about how effector gene expression is regulated. Since many effector genes are located in repeat‐rich regions, the role of chromatin remodeling in their regulation was recently investigated, notably establishing that the repressive histone modification H3K9me3, deposited by KMT1, was involved in several fungal species including Leptosphaeria maculans. Nevertheless, previous data suggest that a second regulatory layer, probably involving a specific transcription factor (TF), might be required.
In L. maculans, a Dothideomycete causing stem canker of oilseed rape, we identified the ortholog of Pf2, a TF belonging to the Zn2Cys6 fungal‐specific family, and described as essential for pathogenicity and effector gene expression. We investigated its role together with KMT1, by inactivating and over‐expressing LmPf2 in a wild‐type strain and a ∆kmt1 mutant.
Functional analyses of the corresponding transformants highlighted an essential role of LmPf2 in the establishment of pathogenesis and we found a major effect of LmPf2 on the induction of effector gene expression once KMT1 repression is lifted.
Our results show, for the first time, a dual control of effector gene expression.
Spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 avian influenza viruses contributed to H5N1 emergence in 2021/2022 panzootic
Authors: Zeng Jinfeng , Du Fanshu , Xiao Linna , Sun Honglei , Lu Lu , Lei Weipan , Zheng Jialu , Wang Lu , Shu Sicheng , Li Yudong , Zhang Qiang , Tang Kang , Sun Qianru , Zhang Chi , Long Haoyu , Qiu Zekai , Zhai Ke , Li Zhichao , Zhang Geli , Sun Yipeng , Wang Dayan , Zhang Zhengwang , Lycett Samantha J. , Gao George F. , Shu Yuelong , Liu Jinhua , Du Xiangjun , Pu Juan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Since 2020, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 viruses have swept through continents, posing serious threats to the world. Through comprehensive analyses of epidemiological, genetic, and bird migration data, we found that the dominant genotype replacement of the H5N8 viruses in 2020 contributed to the H5N1 outbreak in the 2021/2022 wave. The 2020 outbreak of the H5N8 G1 genotype instead of the G0 genotype produced reassortment opportunities and led to the emergence of a new H5N1 virus with G1’s HA and MP genes. Despite extensive reassortments in the 2021/2022 wave, the H5N1 virus retained the HA and MP genes, causing a significant outbreak in Europe and North America. Furtherly, through the wild bird migration flyways investigation, we found that the temporal–spatial coincidence between the outbreak of the H5N8 G1 virus and the bird autumn migration may have expanded the H5 viral spread, which may be one of the main drivers of the emergence of the 2020–2022 H5 panzootic.

IMPORTANCE
Since 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 subtype variants of clade 2.3.4.4b have spread across continents, posing unprecedented threats globally. However, the factors promoting the genesis and spread of H5 HPAI viruses remain unclear. Here, we found that the spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 HPAI viruses contributed to the emergence of the H5N1 variant that caused the 2021/2022 panzootic, and the viral evolution in poultry of Egypt and surrounding area and autumn bird migration from the Russia–Kazakhstan region to Europe are important drivers of the emergence of the 2020–2022 H5 panzootic. These findings provide important targets for early warning and could help control the current and future HPAI epidemics.
Discovery of modern living intertidal stromatolites on Sheybarah Island, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Vahrenkamp Volker , Chandra Viswasanthi , Garuglieri Elisa , Marasco Ramona , Hachmann Kai , Khanna Pankaj , Daffonchio Daniele , Petrovic Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Microbial carbonates, and stromatolites in particular, represent the earliest geological record of life on Earth, which dominated the planet as the sole biotic carbonate factory for almost 3 b.y., from the Archean to the late Proterozoic. Rare and sparsely scattered across the globe in the present day, modern “living” stromatolites are typically relegated to extreme environmental niches, remaining as vestiges of a prodigious microbial past. Here, we report the first discovery of living shallow-marine stromatolites in the Middle East, on Sheybarah Island, Al Wajh carbonate platform, on the NE Red Sea shelf (Saudi Arabia). We detail their regional distribution and describe their environmental conditions, internal structures, and microbial diversity. We also report the first discovery of reticulated filaments in a photic setting, associated with these stromatolites. The Sheybarah stromatolites occur in the intertidal to shallow subtidal zones along the seaward-facing beach in three depth-dependent growth forms. Their inner layers were formed by microbially mediated accretion and differential lithification of sediment grains. Compositional microbial analysis revealed the presence of a wide range of microbial life forms.
Anti-factor Xa level monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients (AXaLPE): protocol of a randomised, open-label controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Ning Ya-chan , Song Li-po , Li Pei-juan , Wang Feng-hua , Ding Meng-xi , Jiang Li , Wang Meiping , Pei Qian-Qian , Hu Shi-min , Wang Haibo 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionWhether and when to monitor the amount of anti-factor Xa (aFXa) activity in critically ill patients with complex diseases to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain unclear. This study is a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of aFXa level monitoring on reducing VTE and to establish a new method for accurately preventing VTE in critically ill patients with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH).Methods and analysisA randomised controlled trial is planned in two centres with a planned sample size of 858 participants. Participants will be randomly assigned to three groups receiving LMWH prophylaxis at a 1:1:1 ratio: in group A, peak aFXa levels will serve as the guide for the LMWH dose; in group B, the trough aFXa levels will serve as the guide for the LMWH dose; and in group C, participants serving as the control group will receive a fixed dose of LMWH. The peak and trough aFXa levels will be monitored after LMWH (enoxaparin, 40 mg, once daily) reaches a steady state for at least 3 days. The monitoring range for group A’s aFXa peak value will be 0.3–0.5 IU/mL, between 0.1 and 0.2 IU/mL is the target range for group B’s aFXa trough value. In order to reach the peak or trough aFXa levels, groups A and B will be modified in accordance with the monitoring peak and trough aFXa level. The incidence of VTE will serve as the study’s primary outcome indicator. An analysis using the intention-to-treat and per-protocol criterion will serve as the main outcome measurement.Ethics and disseminationThe Xuanwu Hospital Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University and Peking University First Hospital Ethics Committee have approved this investigation. It will be released in all available worldwide, open-access, peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT05382481
Optokinetic stimulation effects in the management of unilateral spatial neglect in patients with chronic stroke: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pérez-Robledo Fátima , Sánchez González Juan Luis , Bermejo-Gil Beatriz María , Llamas-Ramos Rocío , Martín-Nogueras Ana María 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionUnilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a stroke complication of stroke. Optokinetic stimulation (OKS) is one of the treatments, but its effects on motor symptoms, such as poverty or alterations in movements on the affected side, are not clear yet. The aim of this study will be to evaluate the OKS effects on the perceptual and postural complications of patients with USN.Methods and analysisRandomised double-blinded clinical trial, with an intervention group that will undergo OKS and a control placebo group. The research will take place at the Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 102 patients older than 18 years with diagnosed USN will participate. The intervention group will receive 2 weekly OKS session for 10 weeks. Virtual reality glasses will be used for the application of a video. The video will project OKS at a preset speed and will request the participant’s attention throughout the session. The control group will receive a placebo treatment, through a virtual reality video. The measurement variables will be posturography, Fluff test, line bisection, Fullerton Advance Balance Scale and Diller’s cancellation test.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee University of Salamanca on February 2020 (registration number: 584). All patients in the study will be informed about the objective of the study and will give their written informed consent to participate in the study. The anonymised database will be available from the publication of the results for 10 years in the repository of the University of Salamanca GREDOS (https://gredos.usal.es/). The trial results will be shared with the scientific community at international conferences and by publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT04663646.