bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia in a Female Bronze Age Skeleton (North Caucasus)
Authors: Gresky Julia , Frotscher Melina , Thiem Sophia , Stoessel Alexander , Kalmykov Alexey , Berezina Natalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The earliest known case of cemento-osseous dysplasia could be detected in a Bronze Age skeleton, dating back 4500 years ago in the region of the North Caucasus. Although the soft tissue was missing, sufficient diagnosis could be achieved by using different methods that prove the existence of fibro-osseous processes already in prehistory. Skeletal remains provide a direct view of such changes which cannot be obtained from a living patient without compromising.

Methods
A skeleton of a 30-40-year-old female individual from the burial mound of Budyonnovsk 10 (including 19 individuals) in Southern Russia was investigated using macroscopic, radiographic, and microscopic methods.

Results
In the mandible, destruction of the labial wall of the alveoli 32 and 31 is already visible macroscopically. At the base of the lesion, the original bone is replaced by fine porous bone including small dense particles: plain radiography and computed tomography evidence localized processes to the periapical areas of all lower incisors. The lesions are mainly radiolucent, only the particles in alveolus 32 have a radiopaque appearance. Microscopy shows woven bone as filling of the lesions and additional hypocellular materials in alveolus 32, which can best be explained as cementum-like structures.

Conclusions
The lesion´s location in the periapical areas of the lower incisors, the woven bone, and cementum-like structures fit the diagnosis of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. The presence of a second individual with focal cemento-osseous dysplasia in this burial mound is an interesting co-occurrence that requires further genetic analysis.

Limitations
The diagnosis is solely based on the skeletal remains, soft tissue components are missing.

Suggestions for Further Research
Genetic analyses are planned to detect the underlying mutation for the two individuals.
A method to determine the availability and performance of fixed-wing air taxis in real weather conditions for regional air mobility within Germany
Authors: Wortmann Lutz , Hagemann Stefan , Stumpf Eike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The success of an on-demand air taxi transportation system depends, in part, on its availability during daily operations. To further analyze such a system, this paper introduces a method for determining the availability and performance of air taxis under real weather conditions. In the availability analysis, mainly the fulfillment of the visual meteorological conditions minima (VMC) is investigated, and in the performance analysis, it is checked if the performance is sufficient to operate in the given weather conditions. Therefore, the integration of weather data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) and real trajectories into the mission analysis tool of the aircraft preliminary design software Multidisciplinary Integrated Conceptual Aircraft Design and Optimization Environment (MICADO) for small aircraft is carried out for the first time. This allows the estimation of the performance of air taxis under real weather and operating conditions already at the aircraft preliminary design stage and potential technical deficits can be identified at an early design stage. Two single engine, fixed-wing air taxi designs, one with a hybrid-electric powertrain and one with an all-electric powertrain, are investigated in this paper. The results show that the availability is strongly limited by the VMC minima). The maximum availability of the short reference flight route between Nuernberg and Egelsbach is 41.78 % and the maximum availability of the long reference flight route between Augsburg and Moenchengladbach is 20.48 %. The availability of the hybrid-electric air taxi is not limited, as all investigated flights under sufficient VMC can be performed with this aircraft while complying with the required reserves. However, the availability of the all-electric air taxis is limited due to its performance. Because of adverse wind conditions, not all flights investigated under sufficient VMC can be performed with the all-electric air taxi while complying with the required reserves, as the energy demand is too high. For the all-electric air taxi operating on the short reference flight route, a 13.2 % increase in gravimetric battery energy density (GBED) is needed to ensure sufficient performance. The findings indicate the necessity of considering the real operating conditions in the preliminary design of small aircraft.
Preclinical testing of antiviral siRNA therapeutics delivered in lipid nanoparticles in animal models – a comprehensive review
Authors: Idres Yusuf M. , Idris Adi , Gao Wenqing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology through the use of short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represents a paradigm shift in the fight against viral infections. siRNAs, with their ability to directly target and silence specific posttranscriptional genes, offer a novel mechanism of action distinct from that of traditional pharmacotherapeutics. This review delves into the growing field of siRNA therapeutics against viral infections, highlighting their critical role in contemporary antiviral strategies. Importantly, this review will solely focus on the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as the ideal antiviral siRNA delivery agent for use in vivo. We discuss the challenges of siRNA delivery and how LNPs have emerged as a pivotal solution to enhance antiviral efficacy. Specifically, this review focuses on work that have preclinically tested LNP formulated siRNA on virus infection animal models. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed a resurgence in the field of RNA-based therapies, including siRNAs against viruses including, SARS-CoV-2. Notably, the critical importance of LNPs as the ideal carrier for precious ‘RNA cargo’ can no longer be ignored with the advent of mRNA-LNP based COVID-19 vaccines. siRNA-based therapeutics represents an emerging class of anti-infective drugs with a foreseeable future as suitable antiviral agents.

Graphical Abstract
“All AIs are Psychopaths”? The Scope and Impact of a Popular Analogy
Authors: Nerantzi Elina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Agents are often compared to psychopaths in popular news articles. The headlines are ‘eye-catching’, but the questions of what this analogy means or why it matters are hardly answered. The aim of this paper is to take this popular analogy ‘seriously’. By that, I mean two things. First, I aim to explore the scope of this analogy, i.e. to identify and analyse the shared properties of AI agents and psychopaths, namely, their lack of moral emotions and their capacity for instrumental rationality. Second, I aim to examine the impact of the analogy. I argue that both agents, as ‘amoral calculators’, present the perfect candidates to revisit two long-standing debates on moral and criminal responsibility, regarding the necessity of moral emotions for ‘moral-agent-capacity responsibility’ and the necessity of ‘moral-agent-capacity responsibility’ for criminal responsibility. Finally, cross-examining the debates on the moral and criminal responsibility of psychopaths and AI agents is instructive and revealing. Instructive since the moral and legal treatment of psychopaths can be telling about the future treatment of AI agents (and vice versa) and revealing since it makes explicit our often-implicit philosophical commitments on the criteria of moral agency and the overarching purpose of criminal law.
Second-Person Authenticity and the Mediating Role of AI: A Moral Challenge for Human-to-Human Relationships?
Authors: Battisti Davide 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of AI tools, such as large language models and speech emotion and facial expression recognition systems, has raised new ethical concerns about AI’s impact on human relationships. While much of the debate has focused on human-AI relationships, less attention has been devoted to another class of ethical issues, which arise when AI mediates human-to-human relationships. This paper opens the debate on these issues by analyzing the case of romantic relationships, particularly those in which one partner uses AI tools, such as ChatGPT, to resolve a conflict and apologize. After reviewing some possible, non-exhaustive, explanations for the moral wrongness of using AI tools in such cases, I introduce the notion of second-person authenticity: a form of authenticity that is assessed by the other person in the relationship (e.g., a partner). I then argue that at least some actions within romantic relationships should respect a standard of authentic conduct since the value of such actions depends on who actually performs them and not only on the quality of the outcome produced. Therefore, using AI tools in such circumstances may prevent agents from meeting this standard. I conclude by suggesting that the proposed theoretical framework could also apply to other human-to-human relationships, such as the doctor-patient relationship, when these are mediated by AI; I offer some preliminary reflections on such applications.
Evaluation of weldability and thermal aging behaviour on microstructure and properties of Alloy 740H
Authors: Kathirvelan R. , Dey H. C. , Kausal S. S. , Karthik V. , Mythili R. , Vasudevan M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Alloy 740H (Ni-25Cr-20Co, ASME Code Case 2702) is a promising candidate material for boiler tubes and headers in Indian Advanced Ultra Supercritical (A-USC) power plants operating at temperatures of 710–720 °C and a pressure of 31 MPa. This study investigates the changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of Alloy 740H due to weld thermal cycles and simulated service conditions (720 °C/1000 h). Mock-up weld joints were fabricated from the as-received solution-annealed Alloy 740H tube (52 mm diameter and 12 mm thick) by automatic GTAW process and matching welding consumable ERNiCrCo-1 and qualified based on ASME Section IX. The X-ray radiography-qualified weld joints were subjected to post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 800 °C for 4 h followed by tension and bend tests for procedure qualification. The weld joints passed in side bend test with a 4 T bend radius and met the ultimate tensile strength requirement of ASME Code Case 2702. SEM analysis revealed Ti- and Nb-rich carbides in base metal and weld in as-received/as-welded condition. Extensive precipitation of γ’ inside grains and a continuous network of M23C6 along the grain/dendrite boundaries are observed after aging at 720 °C/1000 h. Both PWHT and aging resulted in an increase in strength and hardness with a reduction in ductility and toughness. The Digital Image Correlation performed on an as-welded cross-weld tensile specimen revealed localized straining of the weld zone compared to other regions. From the present studies, it is concluded that Alloy 740H in the solution-annealed condition possesses good weldability and the mechanical property changes correlated with the observed microstructure.
Chasing ‘vulnerability’ across six decades of the Declaration of Helsinki
Authors: Lindholm Oskar , Karjalainen Sakari , Launis Veikko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The year 2024 marked the 60th anniversary of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (DoH). Coincidentally, the WMA published the 8th revision of this landmark document guiding medical research involving human subjects. One of the key changes in this latest revision concerns the notion of vulnerability, which has always been central to the DoH’s ethos. The term ‘vulnerability’ was explicitly introduced in the 5th revision, published in 2000, which lists five vulnerable groups. Subsequent revisions have significantly altered how vulnerability is portrayed and understood within the document. This article traces the conceptualisation of vulnerability across the various versions of the DoH, culminating in its recently published 8th revision. We explore the underlying principles of each revision and examine how these principles have both influenced and been influenced by broader ethical discourses. Lastly, we address some of the challenges that future revisions must meet to ensure that the document remains internally coherent and practically applicable for researchers and research ethics committees alike.
A finite element approach for modelling the fracture behaviour of unidirectional FFF-printed parts
Authors: Seibel Simon , Kiendl Josef 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a finite element modelling approach for unidirectional Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)-printed specimens under tensile loading. In this study, the focus is on the fracture behaviour, the goal is to simulate the mechanical behaviour of specimens with different strand orientations until final failure of the specimens. In particular, the aim is to represent experimentally observed failure modes for different print orientations and the typical dependence of the parts’ strength on the print orientation. We investigate several modelling aspects like the choice of a suitable failure criterion, a suitable way to represent fracture in the finite element mesh or the necessary level of detail when modelling the characteristic edges of FFF-printed specimens. As a result, this work provides an approach to model FFF printed specimens in finite element simulations, which can represent the characteristic relation between mesostructural layout and macroscopic fracture behaviour.
Modulating, structural, optical band gap, luminescence, and electrical properties of perspective synthesized lead-free halide perovskite CsSnCl3/Cs2O nanocomposites
Authors: El Desouky Fawzy G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the structural characteristics, optical band gap, luminescence, and electrical properties of a newly synthesized lead-free halide CsSnCl3 perovskite semiconductor/ Cs2O nanocomposite. The XRD patterns show that there is a monoclinic crystal phase of the perovskite semiconductor CsSnCl3 as well as a rhombohedral phase of Cs2O at 400 °C in an argon environment. Moreover, the XPS spectra of the sample at 400 °C reveal the presence of Cs 3d, Sn 3d, Cl 2p, and O 1s, indicating the production of both substances. HRTEM and FESEM enable the visualization of both the structural details and size variations in quantum dot-like materials. The optical band gap of synthesized nanocomposite compositions shows a clear red shift in the absorption spectra, which lowers the band gap from 2.7 eV to 1.37 eV. An influential and tunable photoluminescence emission was found at ambient temperature, spanning a broad spectrum from the visible to near-infrared area. When exposed to an argon environment at 400 °C, the material’s structural features changed significantly. In the lower frequency range, the permittivity exceeded 106, and the DC conductivity increased to 6.15 × 10−6 S/cm. This research examines the multifunctional potential of CsSnCl3/Cs2O nanocomposites, investigating their optical, luminescent, and electrical properties.
Cobalt-based multicomponent embedded in biomass-derived porous biochar as a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst
Authors: Cheng Yu , Ding Jue , Pan Hongzhe , Li Yiping , Zhu Ningyuan , Ma Linlin , Sun Han , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is pivotal for energy conversion systems such as metal-air batteries and fuel cells, yet the development of cost-effective and efficient catalysts remains a challenge. This study introduces a cobalt-based multicomponent catalyst embedded in nitrogen-doped biochar derived from biomass, synthesized via a scalable pyrolysis process using 1,10-phenanthroline as a nitrogen source and chelating agent. The optimized catalyst of WPC-950 demonstrated superior ORR performance with a half-wave potential of 0.81 V (vs. RHE), a limiting current density of 4.95 mA cm−2, excellent methanol tolerance, and long-term stability exceeding 92% retention after 30000 s in alkaline media. The high activity of catalyst stems from its unique structural features, including hierarchical porosity, a high degree of graphitization, and well-dispersed Co-Nx active sites. These properties are achieved through the synergistic effects of nitrogen doping, cobalt stabilization, and the porous biochar framework, overcoming limitations of agglomeration and poor stability common in conventional biochar-based catalysts. The findings address key scientific challenges in enhancing ORR kinetics and stability, offering a pathway toward cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to precious metal-based catalysts for energy applications.
Digital health resilience: IoT solutions in pandemic response and future healthcare scenarios
Authors: Thottempudi Pardhu , Konduru Reddy Madhavi , Valiveti Hima Bindu , Kuraparthi Swaraja , Kumar Vijay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the Internet of Things (IoT), an innovative technical advancement that utilizes the capabilities of billions of sensors across various applications. Sensors are critical to the IoT environment as they collect crucial data for complex analysis. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its accompanying sensor technology has significant implications for various fields, including smart urban planning, advanced agriculture, online education, and healthcare. The Internet of Things (IoT) has played a crucial role in tackling worldwide health challenges, notably in the healthcare sector, with a particular emphasis on the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemic has heightened the need for digital and home-based healthcare solutions. The Internet of Things (IoT) enhances healthcare services by providing precise patient monitoring over a unified digital network. This article examines the various uses, technical intricacies, and difficulties that exist in the healthcare field. A thorough investigation was conducted using reputable databases such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, ACM, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Springer. Relevant keywords directed the search. The narrative highlights and emphasizes the significant impact of IoT on healthcare, explicitly identifying prospective research areas for doctors, scholars, and researchers to overcome obstacles in the field. As anticipated, the Internet of Things (IoT) serves as a guiding light for improved healthcare delivery. The Survey demonstrates that combining IoT with cutting-edge technology enhances computing capacities, emphasizing IoT’s widespread, advantageous, and extensive nature. To summarise, this discussion examines future difficulties and provides valuable solutions to strengthen the healthcare infrastructure led by the Internet of Things (IoT) during the COVID-19 crisis and future health catastrophes.
MicroRNA-155-5p rs767649 Polymorphism is Associated with Susceptibility to Essential Hypertension in the Chinese Tibetan Population in the Gannan Area
Authors: Yan Wen , Chen Ruidi , Zhao Yufei , Zhang Xiaozhen , Li Xingjie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The latest evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression and diagnostic meaning of microRNA-155-5p in hypertension. Rs767649 is a common polymorphism in miR-155-5p and can mediate its expression.

Objective
A case–control study based on a Chinese Tibetan population was constructed to evaluate the genetic association between miR-155-5p rs767649 polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH) susceptibility.

Methods
Two hundred and fifty subjects with hypertension and 250 participants without hypertension were enrolled. miR-155-5p levels in the serum of participants were detected by qRT-PCR. Allele and genotype distributions of rs767649 were compared based on Sanger sequencing results. The association of rs767649 with EH susceptibility was estimated via logistic regression analysis.

Results
The genotypes of rs767649 in miR-155-5p revealed a marked difference between EH and control groups, and the TA genotype of rs767649 may depress the risk of developing EH. qRT-PCR results verified up-regulated expression of miR-155-5p in patients with EH, and cases carrying rs767649 TT genotype had higher serum miR-155-5p levels and concentration of lipids than TA/AA genotype carriers. After adjusting for other clinical indicators, rs767649 polymorphism was still independently related to EH susceptibility.

Conclusion
The findings revealed the genetic association of rs767649 polymorphism in miR-155-5p with EH susceptibility in the Chinese Tibetan population in the Gannan area. Rs767649 TT genotype was a risk factor for EH, which might be interrelated to increased miR-155-5p levels and lipid disorders.
The lackage in the research of parallel tunnels interaction with a supporting structure in a huge slope: a review
Authors: Suliman Lojain , Liu Xinrong , Zhou Xiaohan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to urbanization and land constraints in metropolitan areas, there has been an increase in demand for underground construction in recent years. Settlement is always induced by tunneling. Ground settlement as a result of digging shallow tunnels is therefore a frequent occurrence. In order to maintain control over the settlement, it should be able to predict it and take the appropriate safety measures. Even the settlement characteristics due to the excavation of twin the tunnel have been studied extensively. However, the parallel tunnel interaction with other structures in a huge slope has not been studied. This paper aims to review the previous settlement characteristics due to tunneling when parallel tunnels have an interaction process during the excavation. The specific objective of this study is to expand the understanding of settlement behavior in tunneling under large slopes with focusing on the interaction mechanism, which is underexplored in comparison to flat terrains. The capabilities and limitations in the settlement characteristics during the tunneling process have been revised. Furthermore, the gapes in describing the settlement and the lack of studies that accompany the phenomena has been revealed.
Asexual queen succession in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes aculabialis Tsai et Hwang (Blattodea: Heterotermitidae)
Authors: Khan Zahid , Haroon  , Sha Zhao , Xing Lian-Xi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Asexual queen succession (AQS) species produce queens via thelytokous parthenogenesis, which significantly impacts their social life history. For the first time, we discovered that Reticulitermes aculabialis exhibits the phenomenon of parthenogenesis under experimental conditions, and we also investigated the genetic structure of wild colonies of this species using polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our genetic analysis revealed that 93.2% of the secondary queens in the wild colonies were homozygous at all loci, indicating parthenogenesis in these secondary queens, while workers (2.5%), soldiers (0%), nymphs (0%), and alates (6.7%) had low rates. Genetic analysis revealed that the mean number of alleles per group (Na) ranged from 2.000 ± 0.000 to 2.500 ± 0.428, with 83.3% polymorphic loci (PPL). The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.467 ± 0.141 to 0.583 ± 0.098, indicating significant genetic diversity among workers and soldiers. In contrast, soldiers and nymph develop predominantly through sexual reproduction than alates and workers. The occurrence of AQS in R. aculabialis suggests a different mechanism of ploidy restoration, highlighting the diversity of reproductive mechanisms across various lineages of the Termitidae and non-Termitidae termites.