bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success of Helicobacter pylori Guideline-based Treatment of Newly Diagnosed and Previously Treated Patients During 2007–2021 in Edmonton, Alberta
Authors: Krahn Thomas , Buttenschoen Jonas , D’Souza Pernilla , Girgis Safwat , Thiesen Aducio , Rennie Robert , Turnbull LeeAnn , van Zanten Sander Veldhuyzen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Updated 2016 Helicobacter pylori consensus guidelines recommend treatment for 14 days with concomitant therapy (proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-amoxicillin-metronidazole-clarithromycin (PAMC) or bismuth-based quadruple therapy (PPI-bismuth-metronidazole-tetracycline, PBMT)) as first line, PBMT or PPI-amoxicillin-levofloxacin (PAL) as second or third line, and PPI-amoxicillin-rifabutin (PAR) as fourth line for 10 days.

Objectives
This was a retrospective cohort study to describe and compare the efficacy of anti-Helicobacter treatment regimens over the periods 2007–2015 and 2016–2021 as well as antibiotic resistance.

Methods
A modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis was used to analyze the success rate of therapies. mITT includes all patients who were prescribed H. pylori treatment and had at least one follow-up test-of-cure. This included patients who could not complete treatment or were non-adherent with treatment. Risk factors for treatment failures were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Resistance testing was done in a small subset of patients.

Results
H. pylori-positive patients who received treatment in Edmonton, Alberta were included in a mITT analysis: 334/387(86%) from 2007 to 2015 and 193/199 (97%) from 2016 to 2021. During 2016–2021, 78% (150/193) of patients underwent cumulative guideline-based treatment with a successful cure in 80% (120/150) of patients. In those who were newly diagnosed, the cure rate was 88% (52/59) versus those with previous treatment failure 75% (68/91) (P &lt; 0.05, risk difference [RD] 14%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–26.3%). The most effective first-line regimens were PAMC for 14 days (87% [45/52]) in 2016–2021 and sequential therapy in 2007–2015 (83% [66/80]) (P = 0.535, RD 4%, 95% CI −8.5–16.5%). When other treatments failed, success with PAR was 50% (2/4) from 2007 to 2015 and 57% (21/37) from 2016 to 2021. Recent (2016–2021) resistance rates to clarithromycin and metronidazole are high at 78% (50/64) and 56% (29/52), respectively. From 2007 to 2015, clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance rates were 80% (36/45) and 83% (38/46), respectively. Levofloxacin resistance increased significantly from 2007–2015 to 2016–2021 (28% [13/46] to 61% [35/57], P &lt; 0.05, RD 33%, 95% CI 11.6–54.4%).

Conclusions
Algorithmic treatment with PAMC first line followed by PBMT, PAL, and PAR cures H. pylori in 88% of newly diagnosed patients. PAR therapy shows suboptimal cure rates (50–57% success) but can be considered as third instead of fourth line given increasing levofloxacin resistance rates. Antibiotic resistance in H. pylori is common to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin and frequently accounts for treatment failures.
Inhibition of homologous recombination repair by Mirin in ovarian cancer ameliorates carboplatin therapy response in vitro
Authors: Horak Josef , Vallusova Dominika , Cumova Andrea , Holy Petr , Vodicka Pavel , Opattova Alena 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chemoresistance poses one of the most significant challenges of cancer therapy. Carboplatin (CbPt) is one of the most used chemotherapeutics in ovarian cancer (OVC) treatment. MRE11 constitutes a part of homologous recombination (HR), which is responsible for the repair of CbPt-induced DNA damage, particularly DNA crosslinks. The study’s main aim was to address the role of HR in CbPt chemoresistance in OVC and to evaluate the possibility of overcoming CbPt chemoresistance by Mirin-mediated MRE11 inhibition in an OVC cell line. Lower expression of MRE11 was associated with better overall survival in a cohort of OVC patients treated with platinum drugs (TCGA dataset, P &lt; 0.05). Using in vitro analyses, we showed that the high expression of HR genes drives the CbPt chemoresistance in our CbPt-resistant cell line model. Moreover, the HR inhibition by Mirin not only increased sensitivity to carboplatin (P &lt; 0.05) but also rescued the sensitivity in the CbPt-resistant model (P &lt; 0.05). Our results suggest that MRE11 inhibition with Mirin may represent a promising way to overcome OVC resistance. More therapy options will ultimately lead to better personalized cancer therapy and improvement of patients’ survival.
Identification and Characterization of Illegal Sales of Cannabis and Nicotine Delivery Products on Telegram Messaging Platform
Authors: Nali Matthew C , Purushothaman Vidya , Li Zhuoran , Larsen Meng Zhen , Cuomo Raphael E , Yang Joshua , Mackey Tim K 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionUnregulated and potentially illegal sales of tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis products have been detected on various social media platforms, e-commerce sites, online retailers, and the dark web. New end-to-end encrypted messaging services are popular among online users and present opportunities for marketing, trading, and selling of these products. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis selling activity on the messaging platform Telegram.MethodsThe study was conducted in three phases: (1) identifying keywords related to tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis products for purposes of detecting Telegram groups and channel messages; (2) automated data collection from public Telegram groups; and (3) manual annotation and classification of messages engaged in marketing and selling products to consumers.ResultsFour keywords were identified (“Nicotine,” “Vape,” “Cannabis,” and “Smoke”) that yielded 20 Telegram groups with 262 506 active subscribers. Total volume of channel messages was 43 963 unique messages that included 3094 (7.04%) marketing/selling messages. The most commonly sold products in these groups were cannabis-derived products (83.25%, n = 2576), followed by tobacco/nicotine-derived products (6.46%, n = 200), and other illicit drugs (0.77%, n = 24). A variety of marketing tactics and a mix of seller accounts were observed, though most appeared to be individual suppliers.ConclusionsTelegram is an online messaging application that allows for custom group creation and global connectivity, but also includes unregulated activities associated with the sale of cannabis and nicotine delivery products. Greater attention is needed to conduct monitoring and enforcement on these emerging platforms for unregulated and potentially illegal cannabis and nicotine product sales direct-to-consumer.ImplicationsBased on study results, Telegram represents an emerging platform that enables a robust cannabis and nicotine-selling marketplace. As local, state, and national tobacco control regulations continue to advance sales restrictions and bans at the retail level, easily accessible and unregulated Internet-based channels must be further assessed to ensure that they do not act as conduits for exposure and access to unregulated or illegal cannabis and nicotine products.
Oligocene High-MgO Alkali Basalts in Central Tibet: Implications for Magma–Mush Mixing and Mantle Processes
Authors: Qi Yue , Wang Qiang , Wei Gang-Jian , Zhang Xiu-Zheng , Dan Wei , Yang Zong-Yong , Hao Lu-Lu , Hu Wan-Long 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
High-MgO (&gt;9 wt %) basaltic rocks can be primary magmas and are used to constrain the geochemistry and temperature of the mantle. However, high MgO contents can also result from mixing between evolved melts and antecrysts or xenocrysts, and thus, the whole-rock composition might not represent the solidified equivalents of primary magma. Whether such mixing with crystals can result in erroneous interpretations of mantle processes remains unclear. This study presents a petrological and geochemical investigation of the post-collision high-MgO (&gt;9 wt %) Lugu volcanic rocks in the southern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. The Lugu volcanic rocks comprise porphyritic and intersertal alkali basalts. Zircon U–Pb ages and 40Ar/39Ar dating suggest that the two types of alkali basalts were erupted at c. 29 Ma. Based on detailed petrographic observations and geochemical analysis, the porphyritic alkali basalts may represent near-primary melts, which are characterised by low SiO2 contents (40.9–45.1 wt %), high CaO/Al2O3 ratios (1.1–1.5), and arc-like trace element patterns. We suggest these basalts were derived by partial melting of enriched garnet peridotite (&gt;3 GPa) in the presence of H2O and CO2. These geochemical features are different from those of the c. 30-Ma (ultra)-potassic rocks in the Qiangtang terrane, indicating that a heterogeneous lithospheric mantle existed beneath the Qiangtang terrane during the Oligocene. In contrast, although the intersertal alkali basalts have high MgO contents (&gt;9 wt %), evidence from mineral chemistry indicates that the whole-rock compositions of the intersertal alkali basalts represent mixtures of evolved residual melts and cumulate crystals. They were the product of polybaric fractional crystallisation and the subsequent mixing of crystals and residual melts in a magmatic plumbing system. Furthermore, when intersertal alkali basalts are assumed to be primary melts, they would have been derived by partial melting of shallow (~2.5 GPa) CO2-poor pyroxenite or peridotite. These conditions are different from interpretations of the nature of the mantle source and melting conditions for porphyritic alkali basalts. Our results highlight that the interpretation of petrogenetic processes should be preceded by detailed mineralogical investigations.
Research ReportDiurnal global ocean surface pCO2 and air–sea CO2 flux reconstructed from spaceborne LiDAR data
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Chen Peng , Hu Yongxiang , Zhang Zhenhua , Jamet Cédric , Lu Xiaomei , Dionisi Davide , Pan Delu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The ocean absorbs a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, helping regulate Earth's climate. However, our knowledge of ocean CO2 sink levels remains limited. This research focused on assessing daily changes in ocean CO2 sink levels and air–sea CO2 exchange, using a new technique. We used LiDAR technology, which provides continuous measurements during day and night, to estimate global ocean CO2 absorption over 23 years. Our model successfully reproduced sea surface partial pressure of CO2 data. The results suggest the total amount of CO2 absorbed by oceans is higher at night than during the day. This difference arises from a combination of factors like temperatures, winds, photosynthesis, and respiration. Understanding these daily fluctuations can improve predictions of ocean CO2 uptake. It may also help explain why current carbon budget calculations are not fully balanced—an issue scientists have grappled with. Overall, this pioneering study highlights the value of LiDAR's unique day–night ocean data coverage. The findings advance knowledge of ocean carbon cycles and their role in climate regulation. They underscore the need to incorporate day–night variability when assessing the ocean's carbon sink capacity.
Logs with Zeros? Some Problems and Solutions
Authors: Chen Jiafeng , Roth Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
When studying an outcome Y that is weakly positive but can equal zero (e.g., earnings), researchers frequently estimate an average treatment effect (ATE) for a “log-like” transformation that behaves like log (Y) for large Y but is defined at zero (e.g., log (1 + Y), $\operatorname{arcsinh}(Y)$). We argue that ATEs for log-like transformations should not be interpreted as approximating percentage effects, since unlike a percentage, they depend on the units of the outcome. In fact, we show that if the treatment affects the extensive margin, one can obtain a treatment effect of any magnitude simply by rescaling the units of Y before taking the log-like transformation. This arbitrary unit dependence arises because an individual-level percentage effect is not well-defined for individuals whose outcome changes from zero to nonzero when receiving treatment, and the units of the outcome implicitly determine how much weight the ATE for a log-like transformation places on the extensive margin. We further establish a trilemma: when the outcome can equal zero, there is no treatment effect parameter that is an average of individual-level treatment effects, unit invariant, and point identified. We discuss several alternative approaches that may be sensible in settings with an intensive and extensive margin, including (i) expressing the ATE in levels as a percentage (e.g., using Poisson regression), (ii) explicitly calibrating the value placed on the intensive and extensive margins, and (iii) estimating separate effects for the two margins (e.g., using Lee bounds). We illustrate these approaches in three empirical applications.
Association of a Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring Program With Postpartum Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Hirshberg Adi , Zhu Yifan , Smith-McLallen Aaron , Srinivas Sindhu K. 
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;141:1163–1170)
A large percentage of maternal complications and deaths in the United States are due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; although these complications gradually improve after delivery, there are cases where it takes months for blood pressure to return to normal. Research has shown that blood pressure typically peaks 3 to 7 days postpartum, meaning that many individuals experience peaks in their blood pressure that put them at risk for stroke or seizure after discharge from the hospital.
Long-term Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptom Severity Following Hysterectomy, Myomectomy, or Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Anchan Raymond M. , Spies James B. , Zhang Shuaiqi , Wojdyla Daniel , Bortoletto Pietro , Terry Kathryn , Disler Emily , Milne Ankrish , Gargiulo Antonio , Petrozza John , Brook Olga , Srouji Serene , Morton Cynthia C. , Greenberg James , Wegienka Ganesa , Stewart Elizabeth A. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Thomas Laine , Venable Sateria , Laughlin-Tommaso Shannon , Diamond Michael P. , Maxwell G. Larry , Marsh Erica E. , Myers Evan R. , Vines Anissa I. , Wise Lauren A. , Wallace Kedra , Jacoby Vanessa L. 
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;229(3):275.e1–275.e17)
Symptomatic uterine fibroids (UFs) are benign tumors diagnosed in approximately 30% of American women by the age of 50 years. Symptomatic UFs can significantly affect quality of life (QoL) and have a wide range of symptoms and severity, including pelvic pressure, dyspareunia, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and abnormal uterine bleeding.
Cervical Cancer Screening: A Review
Authors: Perkins Rebecca B. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Guido Richard S. , Schiffman Mark 
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from JAMA 2023;330(6):547–558)
More than 90% of cervical cancer is caused by persistent infections with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), leading to precancer and then to cervical cancer. Approximately 100,000 people are treated for cervical precancer, 14,000 people are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and more than 4000 die of cervical cancer in the United States each year.
Association Between Cervical Sagittal Alignment and Subaxial Paraspinal Muscle Parameters
Authors: Caffard Thomas , Arzani Artine , Verna Bruno , Tripathi Vidushi , Chiapparelli Erika , Medina Samuel J. , Schönnagel Lukas , Tani Soji , Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Amoroso Krizia , Guven Ali E. , Zhu Jiaqi , Tan Ek Tsoon , Carrino John A. , Shue Jennifer , Awan Malik Hassan , Zippelius Timo , Dalton David , Sama Andrew A. , Girardi Federico P. , Cammisa Frank P. , Hughes Alexander P. 
Published: December 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
The authors aim to investigate the association between muscle functional group characteristics and sagittal alignment parameters in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Summary of Background Data.
The relationship between the morphology of cervical paraspinal muscles and sagittal alignment is not well understood.

Materials and Methods.
Patients with preoperative cervical magnetic resonance imaging and cervical spine lateral radiographs in standing position who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion between 2015 and 2018 were reviewed. Radiographic alignment parameters included C2 to 7 lordosis, C2 to 7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), C2 slope, neck tilt, T1 slope, and thoracic inlet angle. Muscles from C3 to C7 were categorized into four functional groups: sternocleidomastoid group, anterior group, posteromedial group, and posterolateral group (PL). A custom-written Matlab software was used to assess the functional cross-sectional area (fCSA) and percent fat infiltration (FI) for all groups. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted and adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.

Results.
A total of 172 patients were included. Regression analyses demonstrated that a greater C2 to 7 SVA was significantly associated with a greater FI of the anterior group from C3 to C5 and with a higher fCSA of the PL group at C3 to C4, and C6 to 7. A larger C2 slope was significantly correlated with a greater FI of the anterior group at C3 to C4 and a higher fCSA of the PL group from C3 to C5.

Conclusion.
This work proposes new insights into the complex interaction between sagittal alignment and cervical paraspinal muscles by emphasizing the importance of these muscles in sagittal alignment. The authors hypothesize that with cervical degeneration, the stabilizing function of the anterior muscles decreases, which may result in an increase in the compensatory mechanism of the PL muscles. Consequently, there may be a corresponding increase in the C2 to C7 SVA and a larger C2 slope.
The Association of Food Insecurity and Surgical Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Azap Lovette , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Akpunonu Chinaemelum C. , Alaimo Laura , Endo Yutaka , Lima Henrique Araujo , Yang Jason , Munir Muhammad Musaab , Moazzam Zorays , Huang Emily , Kalady Matthew , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Food insecurity predisposes individuals to suboptimal nutrition, leading to chronic disease and poor outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:
We sought to assess the impact of county-level food insecurity on colorectal surgical outcomes.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
SEER-Medicare database merged with county-level food insecurity obtained from the Feeding America: Mapping the Meal Gap report. Multiple logistic and Cox regression adjusted for patient-level covariates were implemented to assess outcomes.

PATIENTS:
Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2010 and 2015.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Surgical admission type (nonelective and elective admission), any complication, extended length-of-stay, discharge disposition (discharged to home and non-home discharge), 90-day readmission, 90-day mortality, and textbook outcome. Textbook outcome was defined as no extended length-of-stay, post-operative complications, 90-day readmission, and 90-day mortality.

RESULTS:
Among 72,354 colorectal cancer patients, 46,296 underwent resection. Within the surgical cohort, 9,091 (19.3%) were low, 27,716 (59.9%) were moderate, and 9,489 (20.5%) were high food insecurity. High food insecurity patients had greater odds of nonelective surgery (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.26, p < 0.001), 90-day readmission (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.19, p = 0.002), extended length-of-stay (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.21-1.44, p < 0.001), and complications (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19, p = 0.002). High food insecurity patients also had decreased odds of home discharge (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79-0.91, p < 0.001) and textbook outcomes (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.75-0.87, p < 0.001). High food insecurity minority patients had increased odds of complications (OR 1.59, 95% CI, 1.43-1.78) and extended length-of-stay (OR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.69-2.12) when compared with low food insecurity White individuals (all, p < 0.001). Notably, high food insecurity minority patients had 31% lower odds of textbook outcomes (OR: 0.69, 95% CI, 0.62-0.76, p < 0.001) compared with low food insecurity White patients (p < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS:
Limited to Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years, hence may not be generalizable to younger populations or those with uninsurance/private insurance.

CONCLUSIONS:
County-level food insecurity was associated with suboptimal outcomes, demonstrating the importance of interventions to mitigate these inequities
Sumoylation of methionine adenosyltransferase alpha 1 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Floris Andrea , Chandla Swati , Lim Youngyi , Barbier-Torres Lucia , Seth Karina , Khangholi Arash , Li Tony W.H. , Robison Aaron , Murray Ben J. , Lee Sion , Matsuda Michitaka , Murali Ramachandran , Tomasi Maria Lauda , Lu Shelly C. 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:
Methionine adenosyltransferase alpha1 (MATα1) is responsible for the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine in normal liver. Alcohol consumption enhances MATα1 interaction with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), which blocks MATα1 mitochondrial targeting, resulting in lower mitochondrial MATα1 content and mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) in part through upregulation of cytochrome P450 2E1. Conversely, alcohol intake enhances SUMOylation, which enhances cytochrome P450 2E1 expression. MATα1 has potential SUMOylation sites, but whether MATα1 is regulated by SUMOylation in ALD is unknown. Here, we investigated if MATα1 is regulated by SUMOylation and, if so, how it impacts mitochondrial function in ALD.

Approach and Results:
Proteomics profiling revealed hyper-SUMOylation of MATα1, and prediction software identified lysine 48 (K48) as the potential SUMOylation site in mice (K47 in humans). Experiments with primary hepatocytes, mouse, and human livers revealed that SUMOylation of MAT1α by SUMO2 depleted mitochondrial MATα1. Furthermore, mutation of MATα1 K48 prevented ethanol-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, MATα1 depletion, and triglyceride accumulation. Additionally, CRISPR/CRISPR associated protein 9 gene editing of MATα1 at K48 hindered ethanol-induced MATα1-PIN1 interaction, degradation, and phosphorylation of MATα1 in vitro. In vivo, CRISPR/CRISPR associated protein 9 MATα1 K48 gene-edited mice were protected from ethanol-induced fat accumulation, liver injury, MATα1-PIN1 interaction, mitochondrial MATα1 depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and low S-adenosylmethionine levels.

Conclusions:
Taken together, our findings demonstrate an essential role for SUMOylation of MATα1 K48 for interaction with PIN1 in ALD. Preventing MATα1 K48 SUMOylation may represent a potential treatment strategy for ALD.