bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delta4Ms: Improving mutation‐based fault localization by eliminating mutant bias
Authors: Liu Hengyuan , Li Zheng , Han Baolong , Liu Yangtao , Chen Xiang , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFault localization is a complex, costly and time‐consuming task in software debugging. Numerous automated techniques have been developed to expedite this process. Mutation‐based fault localization (MBFL) is one of the most widely studied techniques which uses mutation analysis to generate mutants for revealing potential faults in the program. However, our theoretical analysis exposes an inherent conflict between the fundamental assumption and the essential meaning of existing MBFL suspiciousness. This conflict is caused by mutant bias. Intuitively, the suspiciousness can be corrected by eliminating the mutant bias for more accurately measuring the faulty probability of the corresponding mutant statement. In this paper, we introduce Delta4Ms, a fault localization approach designed to eliminate mutant bias. Delta4Ms integrates the principles of signal theory, modelling the actual suspiciousness and mutant bias as the desired and false signal components, respectively. Based on theoretical derivation, the average suspiciousness of mutants serves as an estimate of mutant bias. Delta4Ms effectively mitigates mutant bias, extracting the desired signal and yielding corrected suspiciousness for fault localization. To precisely estimate mutant bias, higher order mutants (HOMs) are incorporated. We conduct an extensive experimental evaluation of Delta4Ms on 320 real‐fault programs from Codeflaws. The results indicate that our model significantly outperforms existing SBFL and MBFL techniques, showing a considerable improvement in fault localization effectiveness. We further assessed the robustness of Delta4Ms by examining different HOM ratios and HOM generation strategies. Moreover, Delta4Ms achieves a substantial reduction in mutation execution cost and minimal accuracy loss through the implementation of test case reduction. Finally, we perform preliminary experiments on 15 real‐fault programs from the Defects4J benchmark to assess the generalization of the model's fault localization effectiveness.
Liproxstatin‐1 alleviates ferroptosis in sevoflurane anesthesia‐induced cognitive deficits of aged mice: The role oxidative stress
Authors: Li Shunyuan , Chen Yingle , Wang Yingmei , Zhong Xianmei , Yu Xiaoquan , Kang Zhenming , Li Yangyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to validate the hypothesis that the interplay between sevoflurane, oxidative stress and ferroptosis is crucial for the pathogenesis of sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment in aged individuals. The mice with sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment were used to explore the effects of sevoflurane on oxidative stress, iron homeostasis, and cognitive function in aged mice. Iron content and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in hippocampal tissue homogenates using specific assays. Additionally, the levels of iron death‐related markers (Fth1 and Gpx4) were assessed by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Morris Water Maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were conducted to evaluate cognitive function. Sevoflurane exposure in aged mice resulted in a significant increase in iron overloading in the hippocampus, followed by a subsequent stabilization. Oxidative stress levels were elevated in the hippocampal tissue of sevoflurane‐exposed mice, and a significant correlation was observed between iron death and oxidative stress. Liproxstatin‐1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, effectively ameliorated the decline in memory and learning abilities induced by sevoflurane anesthesia. Liproxstatin‐1 treatment reduced iron overload and oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue of aged mice. The expression of Fth1 and Gpx4, iron death‐related markers, was downregulated following Liproxstatin‐1 intervention. Our findings suggest that sevoflurane anesthesia disrupts iron homeostasis, leading to increased oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in aged mice. These results highlight the potential of targeting iron‐mediated processes to mitigate sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment in the aging population.
Typification of the Linnaean name Crepis vesicaria (Compositae: Cichorieae) revisited
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe typification of the Linnaean name Crepis vesicaria (Compositae: Cichorieae) is revised. This name had previously been “lectotypified” by Babcock in 1947 on a specimen kept in LINN (Herb. Linnaeus No. 955.3). However, Linnaeus cited in the protologue a specimen from the Joachim Burser Herbarium, currently preserved at UPS‐BURSER (Herb. Burser VI: 70). According to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Art. 9.12 of the Shenzhen Code of 2018), this is a syntype which must be chosen as the lectotype.
Determination of dichlorvos pesticide residues in the groundwater of the environment surrounding Al‐Sin Lake using a high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Okdeh Deema Mohamed Ali , Sakr Ibrahim Aziz , ARRAJ Tareq ARRAJ 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe unreasonable use of agrochemicals and various human activities in the environment of Al‐Sin Lake basin may cause pollution to water, especially with widely used organophosphate pesticides, which have an effect on the human nervous system. This research sought to determine concentrations of dichlorvos of the synthetic organophosphate pesticide in the waters of the environment surrounding Al‐Sin Lake in the Syrian coastal area. A questionnaire form was dispensed to the local residents in the region, to determine the status of the studied area. Ground and surface water samples were collected from several locations surrounding the Lake. The first site is surrounded by greenhouses and a citrus orchard. The second is the Surit spring. The third site includes greenhouses. The fourth site represents surface water (Lake Surit). The study lasted for seven consecutive months from December until June 2020–2021, samples were taken once a month. Various parameters (pH, EC, TDS, and PO4−3) were measured. Dichlorvos was extracted from the samples using solvents (hexane‐acetone) to be ready for analysis using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results showed the presence of dichlorvos residues in the studied water samples, with average concentrations ranging between 0.2 and 1.3 µg.L−1, which were higher than the recommended value for individual pesticide in water (0.1 µg.L−1) as recommended by the European Union. Observations of dichlorvos concentration indicated some increase at lower pH. Consequently, contamination of ground and surface waters with dichlorvos was observed in the studied sites, because of its frequent use and its high solubility in water. This unregulated use of dichlorvos can pose a matter of public health concern.
Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)‐associated benign penile lesions and squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Tuomisto Laura , Virtanen Jenni , Kegler Kristel , Levanov Lev , Sukura Antti , Sironen Tarja , Kareskoski Maria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma is the most common genital, ocular and gastric tumour in horses. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) DNA has been detected in several studies in equine penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and precursor lesions providing evidence of a causal role of EcPV2 in equine genital SCCs. Recently, EcPV2 E6/E7 nucleic acids were also detected in equine gastric SCCs, but further studies are required to determine the role of EcPV2 infection in the pathogenesis of gastric SCC. EcPV2 nucleic acids have been rarely described in ocular SCCs and precursor lesions.ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of EcPV2 nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridisation (ISH) in penile hyperplasias, papillomas and SCCs in horses and to determine whether EcPV2 nucleic acids can be detected in SCCs affecting other locations, including the stomach, ocular tissues and larynx.MethodsTwenty‐one archival formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 12 genital lesions comprising penile hyperplasias, papillomas and SCCs, 6 ocular SCCs, 2 gastric SCCs and 1 laryngeal SCC, were screened by PCR and ISH for EcPV2 E6/E7 DNA and mRNA. Archival FFPE tissue samples (eyelid and penile mucosa and preputium) from six horses without a diagnosis or history of neoplastic or papillomavirus‐associated disease were included as controls.ResultsEcPV2 nucleic acids were detected by PCR and ISH in all genital lesions (12/12) and gastric SCCs (2/2), in two ocular SCCs (2/6) and in one laryngeal SCC (1/1). In control horses, one eyelid sample was positive in PCR but not in ISH. The remaining control samples were negative for EcPV2 E6/E7 nucleic acids in PCR and ISH.ConclusionsThese results further support the role of EcPV2 infection in the development of equine genital SCCs and suggest that EcPV2 infection may also act as a predisposing factor for other SCCs in horses, including gastric, ocular and laryngeal SCCs.
Serum pregnancy–associated glycoprotein profiles during early gestation in Karya and Konya Merino sheep
Authors: Akköse Mehmet , Çınar Elif Merve , Yazlık Murat Onur , Kaya Ufuk , Polat Yadigar , Çebi Çiğdem , Özbeyaz Ceyhan , Vural Mehmet Rıfat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundReported as being expressed by mono‐ and binucleate placental cells, pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are released into the blood circulation from the ruminant placenta. Circulating gestational PAGs levels may differ between sheep breeds.ObjectiveThis study was aimed at the close monitoring of the serum PAGs profiles of Karya and Konya Merino sheep during early pregnancy.MethodsFifteen Karya and 15 Konya Merino ewes were synchronized by a 12‐day treatment with progesterone‐impregnated intravaginal sponges. After the sponges were withdrawn, the ewes were administered 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin. The ewes were allowed to mate naturally, and all animals were sampled for blood as of the day of mating (day 0) at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Pregnancy diagnoses were made by transabdominal ultrasonography at week 5. At weeks 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11, blood samples were collected only from the pregnant ewes. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 × g, and extracted sera were stored at −20°C until being used for laboratory analyses. Serum PAGs levels were determined with the aid of a commercial PAG‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test originally developed for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. Differences in the between the PAGs levels throughout pregnancy and the group effect (Karya and Konya Merino) were determined with a two‐way mixed analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons were made using a Bonferroni adjustment.ResultsPAGs levels showed a linear increase with the advance of pregnancy in both Karya and Konya Merino sheep. No difference was detected between the breeds for serum PAGs levels. The serum PAGs levels of the pregnant and non‐pregnant ewes differed as of the fourth week.ConclusionThe serum PAGs levels of the Karya and Konya Merino ewes were similar during the first 11 weeks of gestation, and pregnancy diagnosis could be made based on serum PAGs levels as of the 4th week in both breeds.
Mathematical modelling of a slow flameless combustion of a two-dimensional paper
Authors: Fusi Lorenzo , Calusi Benedetta , Giovinetto Antonio , Panconi Leonardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a mathematical model for the slow combustion (smoldering) of a two-dimensional sheet of paper. We describe the evolution of the char region, and we investigate the effects of an orthogonal air flow on the shape of the combustion front. The mathematical formulation consists in a set of two nonlinear PDEs for the temperature and the oxygen concentrations coupled with one ODE for the cellulose concentration. The (dimensionless) problem is solved numerically by means of a spectral collocation scheme based on Chebyshev polynomials. Our results show that the Péclet and the Lewis number strongly influence the shape of the ignition front and that the advancement of the combustion front does not occur if advection and diffusion are neglected (zero Péclet and Lewis numbers). In particular we observe that the burning region and the ignition front are strongly influenced by the velocity of the airflow and by the mass and heat transport phenomena due to diffusion and advection. We shall see that the increasing of the ratio between the convective and diffusive characteristic times (Péclet number) and the decreasing of the ratio between the mass and heat diffusive characteristic times (Lewis number) have a “flattening effect” on the combustion front.
Insight on the recent materials advances for manufacturing of high-voltage transmission conductors
Authors: Kgoete Fikie Madinoge , Uyor Uwa Orji , Popoola Abimbola Patricia , Popoola Olawale 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransmission conductor forms the essential pathway where electric power traverses from the generating centre station to the distribution sub-station. Some glitches in power delivery have been attributed to that occasioned by defective transmission conductors. Challenges accruing from transmission conductors can be handled proactively by designing and developing robust conductors. This review was aimed at studying the challenges witnessed in power transmission, ways of ameliorating them, and prospective conductors for future power transmission. In the study, it was observed that lightning, bush fire, short-circuiting, and grid overload are some of the challenges in the transmission grid. It was also observed that aluminium conductor composite core (ACCC) and aluminium conductor composite reinforced (ACCR) are the two best transmission conductors existing presently based on ampacity and efficiency. It was concluded that Al-based composites of CNTs, graphene, BN, Si3N4, and TiC could perform more favourably than the existing transmission conductors. It was recommended that these new materials should be studied further to verify their applicability in transmitting electric power.
Solving basic problems of compliant tolerance analysis by static analogy
Authors: Armillotta Antonio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPredicting the geometric variation of sheet metal assemblies is a complex task, because deformation during joining operations influences the propagation of initial part deviations. To consider this effect, the paper proposes a method that formulates tolerance analysis as an equivalent problem of static analysis. Previously proposed for rigid parts, the static analogy is extended to compliant parts and applied to two-dimensional problems modeled with straight beams under the assumptions of small displacements and normal distributions of errors. For such simple cases, the method solves the problem by linearization, avoiding the use of Monte Carlo simulation and the related computational burden. Compared to existing linearization methods, the static analogy is less efficient in the integration with a finite element solver. However, it features an especially simple procedure that does not require the calculation of deflections, thus allowing a streamlined solution and even manual calculations. The comparison with alternative methods provides a first verification of the feasibility of the method, in view of further developments with the aim of dealing with cases of realistic complexity.
Global omics study of Tetraselmis chuii reveals time-related metabolic adaptations upon oxidative stress
Authors: Koletti Aikaterini , Skliros Dimitrios , Kalloniati Chrysanthi , Marka Sofia , Zografaki Maria-Eleftheria , Infante Carlos , Mantecón Lalia , Flemetakis Emmanouil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Microalgae species encounter oxidative stress in their natural environments, prompting the development of species-specific adaptation mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms can offer valuable insights for biotechnological applications in microalgal metabolic manipulation. In this study, we investigated the response of Tetraselmis chuii, an industrially important microalga, to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Exposure to 0.5-mM H2O2 resulted in reduced cell viability, and higher concentrations led to a drastic decline. After 1 h of exposure to H2O2, photosynthetic capacity (Qy) was negatively impacted, and this reduction intensified after 6 h of continuous stress. Global multi-omics analysis revealed that T. chuii rapidly responded to H2O2-induced oxidative stress within the first hour, causing significant changes in both transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. Among the cellular functions negatively affected were carbon and energy flow, with photosynthesis-related PSBQ having a 2.4-fold downregulation, pyruvate kinase decreased by 1.5-fold, and urea content reduced by threefold. Prolonged exposure to H2O2 incurred a high energy cost, leading to unsuccessful attempts to enhance carbon metabolism, as depicted, for example, by the upregulation of photosystems-related PETC and PETJ by more than twofold. These findings indicate that T. chuii quickly responds to oxidative stress, but extended exposure can have detrimental effects on its cellular functions.

Key points
• 0.5-mM H2O2–induced oxidative stress strongly affects T. chuii
• Distinct short- and long-term adaptation mechanisms are induced
• Major metabolic adaptations occur within the first hour of exposure
Silencing of a Nicotiana benthamiana ascorbate oxidase gene reveals its involvement in resistance against cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Ahmed Reshma , Kaldis Athanasios , Voloudakis Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Main conclusion
Silencing of an ascorbate oxidase (AO) gene in N. benthamiana enhanced disease severity from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), showing higher accumulation and expansion of the spreading area of CMV.

Abstract
A Nicotiana benthamiana ascorbate oxidase (NbAO) gene was found to be induced upon cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to elucidate the function of AO in N. benthamiana. The tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated VIGS resulted in an efficient silencing of the NbAO gene, i.e., 97.5% and 78.8% in relative quantification as compared to the control groups (TRV::eGFP- and the mock-inoculated plants), respectively. In addition, AO enzymatic activity decreased in the TRV::NtAO-silenced plants as compared to control. TRV::NtAO-mediated NbAO silencing induced a greater reduction in plant height by 15.2% upon CMV infection. CMV titer at 3 dpi was increased in the systemic leaves of NbAO-silenced plants (a 35-fold change difference as compared to the TRV::eGFP-treated group). Interestingly, CMV and TRV titers vary in different parts of systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves. In TRV::eGFP-treated plants, CMV accumulated only at the top half of the leaf, whereas the bottom half of the leaf was “occupied” by TRV. In contrast, in the NbAO-silenced plants, CMV accumulated in both the top and the bottom half of the leaf, suggesting that the silencing of the NbAO gene resulted in the expansion of the spreading area of CMV. Our data suggest that the AO gene might function as a resistant factor against CMV infection in N. benthamiana.
NeuProNet: neural profiling networks for sound classification
Authors: Tran Khanh-Tung , Vu Xuan-Son , Nguyen Khuong , Nguyen Hoang D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReal-world sound signals exhibit various aspects of grouping and profiling behaviors, such as being recorded from identical sources, having similar environmental settings, or encountering related background noises. In this work, we propose novel neural profiling networks (NeuProNet) capable of learning and extracting high-level unique profile representations from sounds. An end-to-end framework is developed so that any backbone architectures can be plugged in and trained, achieving better performance in any downstream sound classification tasks. We introduce an in-batch profile grouping mechanism based on profile awareness and attention pooling to produce reliable and robust features with contrastive learning. Furthermore, extensive experiments are conducted on multiple benchmark datasets and tasks to show that neural computing models under the guidance of our framework gain significant performance gaps across all evaluation tasks. Particularly, the integration of NeuProNet surpasses recent state-of-the-art (SoTA) approaches on UrbanSound8K and VocalSound datasets with statistically significant improvements in benchmarking metrics, up to 5.92% in accuracy compared to the previous SoTA method and up to 20.19% compared to baselines. Our work provides a strong foundation for utilizing neural profiling for machine learning tasks.
Parkinson’s disease motor progression in relation to the timing of REM sleep behavior disorder presentation: an exploratory retrospective study
Authors: Bovenzi Roberta , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Conti Matteo , Carignani Silvia , Fernandes Mariana , Schirinzi Tommaso , Cerroni Rocco , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Stefani Alessandro , Liguori Claudio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractREM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a frequent non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the timing of its presentation might have a role in the underlying neurodegenerative process. Here, we aimed to define the potential impact of probable RBD (pRBD) on PD motor progression.We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study on 66 PD patients followed up at the University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata. Patients were divided into three groups: with post-motor pRBD (pRBDpost, n = 25), without pRBD (pRBDwo, n = 20), and with pre-motor pRBD (pRBDpre, n = 21). Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scores, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores, and levodopa equivalent daily dose were collected at two follow-up visits conducted in a 5-year interval (T0 and T1). pRBDpost patients had a greater rate of motor progression in terms of the H&Y scale compared to pRBDpre and pRBDwo patients, without the influence of anti-parkinsonian treatment.These preliminary findings suggest that the post-motor occurrence of pRBD can be associated with an acceleration in PD motor progression.