bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
l
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
La porta, john d., cl., saxes, comp, arr; b. Philadelphia, PA, 4/1/20; d. Sarasota, FL, 5/12/04. Began on cl. at age 9. Stud. cl. w. Wm. Dietrich, Joseph Gigliotti, Leon Russianoff 1932–57. Pl. in Youth Symph. cond. by Leopold Stokowski ’37–8. Stud. comp. w. Ernst Toch, Alexis Haieff ’45–6; improv. w. Lennie Tristano ’47–8; received B. Mus. ’56, M. Mus. Ed. ’57 fr. Manh. Sch. of Mus. Pl. w. Bob Chester, Richard Himber, Ray McKinley early ’40s; Woody Herman ’44–6; Tristano late ’40s; Charles Mingus ’50–67; Metronome All-Stars ’51–2; own gps ’51–62. Founding member and mus. dir. of Jazz Composers Wkshp. ’52–4. App. w. Gunther Schuller at Brandeis Mus. Fest. ’57; Leonard Bernstein and N.Y. Philharm. perf. Teo Macero’s Fusion ’58–9. Taught at Parkway Mus. Inst., Bklyn. ’48–51. Reed coach for Marshall Brown’s Newport Youth Band ’53–8. Active as clinician ’59–81. Taught at Manh. Sch. of Mus. ’60–2; Berklee Sch. of Mus. fr. ’62. Dir. Greater Bost. HS Stage Band ’64–5. Pl. w. Bost. Sax Qt. w. Charlie Mariano ’60s; Berklee Sax Qt. fr. ’62; Herb Pomeroy Orch fr. ’76; John La Porta–Bob Winter Duo fr. ’81. La Porta was a founding member of the Nat’l Assoc. of Jazz Educs. and the author of eight instructional texts, incl. Tonal Organization of Improv. Techniques (Kendor); Guide to Improv. (Berklee); Guide to Jazz Phrasing and Interpretation (Berklee). His numerous arrs. for hs band are publ. by Berklee, Kendor, and Marshall Brown Music. La Porta taught and lectured at Berklee and in Fla. Polls: Play. ’61; NAJE Award ’86; Berklee Award ’87. Fests: all major ’50s–’60s. Film: Trocadero w. Bob Chester Orch. perf. La Porta comp. ’42. CDs: w. C. Parker (Verve); T. Macero (Stash); C. Mingus (Deb; Sav.; Atl.); W. Herman (Col.); H. Mobley (Sav.); H. Merrill (Em.; Verve).
z
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zarchy, zeke (rubin), tpt; b. NYC, 6/12/15. Musical family. Pl. w. Joe Haymes 1935; Benny Goodman ’36; Artie Shaw ’36; Bob Crosby ’37. Joined Red Norvo in NYC, then back w. B. Crosby ’38. With Tommy Dorsey ’39; Glenn Miller ’40; NBC staff, NYC ’40–2. Mil. service ’42–5; overseas w. Glenn Miller AAF Band ’44–5. Freelance work in LA after WWII and w. Frank Sinatra; lead tpt. w. Paul Weston for over twenty yrs. Many foreign tours, incl. eighteen trips to Japan since ’73 w. Billy Vaughn Orch. Also tour. w. Benny Goodman Tribute Band; w. Ray Conniff to Brazil several times fr. ’83; three Glenn Miller Reunion tours ’85–91. Zarchy cont. to pl. lead and solo tpt. into his late seventies. CDs: w. Glenn Miller (BB; Vict.); Goodman (BB); T. Dorsey (Tax); Artie Shaw (Class.); Bob Crosby (Dec.). ZARDIS, CHESTER, bs; b. New Orleans, LA, 5/27/1900; d. New Orleans, 8/14/90. Worked w. Kid Rena, Chris Kelly, and A. J. Piron in NO dur. 1920s. Pl. tba. and bs. w. Sidney Desvigne and Fats Pichon on riverboats in ’30s (also pl. w. Pichon in ’39). Pl. briefly w. Count Basie at Apollo Theatre, NYC while w. Duke Dejan’s Dixie Rhythm Band ’36–7. Rec. w. Bunk Johnson ’42; George Lewis ’43. Pl. at Preservation Hall and toured US and Eur. w. its resident band ’66–7. Led own Legends of Jazz band in early ’80s. CDs: w. Geo. Lewis (Mos.); Bunk Johnson (Story.).
Introduction
Authors: Davidson Herbert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most intensely studied sentences in the history of philosophy are probably those in Aristotle’s De anima that undertake to explain how the human intellect passes from its original state, in which it does not think, to a subsequent state, in which it does. Aristotle started from the presupposition that human thoughts reflect the external world without distortion, the antithesis of what would be Immanuel Kant’s perspective. Reasoning that the presence of any inborn quality would color thoughts received by the human intellect and hence prevent the intellect from performing its assigned task, he found the human intellect to be a “part of the soul” which has the ability to “become each thing” but in itself originally has “no nature” whatsoever other than the ability to think. Then came the statements that were to echo down through the centuries.
Greek And Arabic Antecedents
Authors: Davidson Herbert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here I shall examine Greek and early Arabic speculation on the following topics: (1) the stages through which the human intellect can pass; (2) the type of entity the active intellect is; (3) the manner in which the active intellect produces human thought; (4) the active intellect’s role in bringing the sublunar world or segments of it into existence; and (5) the rationale that the active intellect furnishes for certain religious phenomena. My object will not be to reproduce the systems of the philosophers discussed but to draw attention to statements and theories that shed light on Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes.
Alfarabi On Emanation, The Active Intellect, And Human Intellect
Authors: Davidson Herbert A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present chapter deals primarily with four works of Alfarabi which offer a more or less full treatment of the subjects I am considering: al-Madina al-Faq,ila and al­ Siyasa al-Madaniyya, which will be treated as representing one position; a work entitled The Philosophy of Aristotle, which suggests a second position; and the Risāla ft az-cAql (known in Latin as De intellectu, De intellectu et intellecto, or De intelligentiis), which represents yet another. Alfarabi’s lost commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics will also be touched on briefly. Works attributed to Alfarabi but expressing views very similar to Avicenna’s should be omitted from any discussion of Alfarabi, since they are almost certainly not his.
Prologue
Authors: Glinert Lewis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The story of Hebrew is much like the story of the Jews: Misty origins, ancient splendor, sudden eclipse followed by centuries of alien domination, staunched somehow by an infinite ability to adapt and survive-and culminating, in our century, in a dramatic paradox of ruin and rebirth. The beginnings of Hebrew are bound up with the Jewish Bible. In fact, for most people ancient Hebrew is the Hebrew of the Bible, an august and infinitely subtle language, meticulously cultivated by the biblical schools of prophets over hundreds of years. One can study it, after a fashion. Indeed, the number of biblical grammar books and dictionaries must surely run into thousands._ Yet the complexities of the biblical tenses or word order have never been fully fathomed, nor the precise shades of meaning in all those words for “righteous” or “loving-kindness” or “sin.” However, the Bible is not the whole story of Hebrew, not even of ancient Hebrew. There are the hosts of inscriptions and messages unearthed by excited archaeologists. Schoolchildren’s calendars, engineers’ plaques, army mayday calls, and the leftovers of Israelite bureaucrats ... all in a kind of biblical Hebrew. They, and the biblical scrolls discovered after two millennia in the Judean Desert (the Dead Sea Scrolls), are witness to a remarkable tradition: The Bible as copied and recopied by 2,000 years of Jewish scribes iis the same Bible. Even the Jewish traditions of pronunciation-the so-called pointing-are now rated by scholars as a superb freeze-frame of ancient pronunciation.
The Entries
Authors: Glinert Lewis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acharon, pl. Acbaronim (Ashkena1zi: Achren, pl. Achr6hnim) Latter-day religious authorities “Before you check it in the Acharonim, look up the Rishonim.” SeeRishon. Jews did not traditionally talk of “medieval” or “modern.” They talked of Rishonim versus Acharonim. Rishonim (literally “First Ones”) denotes the Torah scholars of medieval times; Acharonim (literallly “Latter Ones”) are the scholars of the Renaissance and later times. Bridging the two, in the early sixteenth century, was Rabbi Yosef Caro. His great code of practice, the Shulchan Aruch, has become “final” and more or less binding on all generations since.
Virus and Cell: Determinants of Tissue Tropism
Authors: Shenk Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A number of viruses exhibit a predilection, or tropism, for certain tissues or cell types, sometimes demonstrating considerable selectivity. After infection, the expression of some viruses can also be related to state of the host cell. Anecdotal accounts suggest that some viruses that persist in the body can be influenced by host state, the classic example being cold sores, which are reactivations of latent herpes simplex virus, in synchrony with the menstrual cycle or stress.
Virus Detection Systems
Authors: Richman Douglas D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The presence of a virus in an infected host can be ascertained either by detecting the virus particle (virion) itself or its components. Detection methods can be classified as open minded (not requiring advance knowledge of the kind of virus sought) or as probe specific (using reagents designed to detect specific viruses) (Richman et al., 1984). Detection of the virus is open minded when its success is not restricted to any single class or family of virus. Open minded methods include virus isolation and electron microscopy.
Evolution of Influenza and RNA Viruses
Authors: Palese Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter and the one following will deal with the evolutionary emergence in nature of human influenza viruses. There are three major types of influenza viruses, designated A, B, and C, all of which cause the disease we characteristically recognize as influenza, but only influenza A has been associated with pandemics. There is a uniquely rapid and uniform rate of evolution in influenza A virus genes. At the other end of the spectrum, influenza C viruses exhibit a much slower evolutionary rate, with coexistence in man of several evolutionary lineages. Influenza B viruses appear to be intermediate between influenza A and influenza C viruses in terms of their evolutionary rate.
Afterword: A Personal Summary Presented as a Guide for Discussion
Authors: Kilbourne Edwin D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I would like to do three things. The first is to present an anecdotal report of an outbreak of influenza from personal experience. Then, I would like to pluck out a few highlights and quotable quotes from the contributions to this book. Finally, I would like to make a series of arguable categorical assertions. These were written when I was, as yet, unencumbered with the wisdom of this book’ s contents. In 1976, I was sufficiently concerned about the emergence of two pandemics of influenza within 2 decades that I brashly wrote an op ed article for the New York Times, in which I expressed this concern and also made a prediction, that didn’ t seem too rash at the time, that there would be another pandemic. Although we are still waiting, I gather that many others share with me the concern that another influenza pandemic is eventually going to happen.
The Immigrant Persians
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nur Jahan was born in 1577 in Kandahar, a trading town on the border of Persia by the upper reaches of the Mughal empire.+ Her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, had fled the poverty and destitution of his native Persia and, with her mother, known to later tradition as Asmat Begam, and her two brothers and one sister, was on his way to the Mughal court at Fatehpur Sikri in India. It was well known that Akbar, the third Mughal emperor (r. 1556-1605), had created a court of great tolerance and learning, where people of all faiths, races, and nationalities could meet. Already other members of Ghiyas Beg’s family had traveled to India in hopes of prospering in ways impossible in their homeland, and Ghiyas Beg had similar hopes for himself and for his children.
Rise of the Junta (1611-1620)
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been said that there are no more poisonous ties than those of a family, and Nur Jahan’s immediate acquisition of power made the best and worst of such alliances. It is a usual remark among the “writers of the affairs of Hindostan … that no family ever rose so suddenly, or so deservedly, to rank and eminence, than the family of” Itimaduddaula. Moreover, concerning the rise of that family, there is no question more controversial than the exact role played by Nur Jahan.
The English Embassy
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the channels to the outside world, the most enticing for women were the possibilities opened up by foreign trade. The local marketplace and the palace fairs of the Nauroz had always provided women of means the chance to buy and sell, but the coming of European merchants in substantial numbers to the Mughal court made available a life beyond the harem walls that could also, fortunately, be totally in keeping with domestic practices. Although India had traditionally been a self-supporting country, trade had been a consistent part of her history and had served not only to disperse raw materials and luxury items among various parts of the subcontinent, but to bring goods from more distant parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, as well.
Breakup of the Junta (1620-1627)
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness of the alliances made within Nur Jahan’s junta began to wane around the turn of the decade in 1620. Coming off the victories of Shah Jahan in the Deccan in 1617, the group was heady now with a sense of limitlessness to its power and rightness to its course. These victories, it seemed, signified the ascendancy of rule by counsel and wisdom through consensus, but revealed little of the turmoil possible when counsel would become command and consensus cartel. Bubonic plague had broken out in 1616, introduced into northern India most probably from Central Asia, and it continued to devastate the country during cold weather for the next eight years. Moreover in November of 1618, two heavenly phenomena appeared that lasted for about a month: one, in the southern sky, was shaped “like a pot boiling out fire” or “a sickle” and the other, in the northern sky, was a comet. The monsoon failed that year and the famine, pestilence, and mortality that came in the years following were blamed on the appearance of these astrological signs. In the wake of these occurrences, the power of the junta declined, and the lqbalnama went so far as to say that “through the effects of this [heavenly] phenomenon … a misunderstanding arose between His Majesty and the fortunate Prince Shah Jahan. The disturbances which thus originated lasted seven or eight years. What blood was shed in the country! and what families were ruined!”
Nur Jahan and Religious Policy
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By reputation, Nur Jahan was not an especially religious woman, but like Jahangir she was fond of charitable acts. Whether her charity was the result of her own generous benevolence or of her intuitions about policy best befitting the government may not ever be clear, but it is apparent that she took a decided interest in religious matters at the court, both by way of the administration and of the functionaries who appeared before her from time to time. What is crucial to discern here is the nature of the influence she exerted over Jahangir: was she responsible, for example, for an increasing religious conservatism in the regime, for a movement away from her father-in-law Akbar’s universalist sentiment to a more narrow, exclusivistic view consonant with her Shia background? Or did she exercise a somewhat liberal influence, judging that as a minority she and her fellow corcligionists would benefit more from a tolerant, open-ended policy?
Selecting the Study Population and Follow-up Period
Authors: Norell Staffan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study population and follow-up period should be selected to achieve a high degree of accuracy (validity and precision) with limited resources. In principle, the study population could be selected from any part (de fined by age, sex, residence, or other characteristics) of any source population. There are, however, considerable differences between populations in the occurrence of exposure, disease, confounders, and modifiers. In addition, there are differences between populations in the comparability, accuracy, and completeness of information that can be obtained. Conditions that should be taken into account when selecting a study population include the following:
Zion and Mormon City Planning
Authors: Hamilton C Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zion, as a doctrinal concept, was central to nineteenth-century Mormonism. Joseph Smith spoke of the necessity to create a “Zion-like” society, where the Saints would abide by the governing laws of the gospel, and thereby live in harmony with one another under a theocratic government.’ In this society the Saints would live under the law of consecration, where all possessions would be held in common. Pride, greed, immorality, and crime would not be found there. It would be a place for the “pure in heart.” Such a utopian state of being was to be achieved in preparation for the millennial reign of Christ.
Temples
Authors: Hamilton C Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The temple has been important in Judea-Christian tradition since the time of Solomon. References to temples were abundant in The Book of Mormon (June 1830), which in speaking of Christ’s dealings with the ancient inhabitants of the Americas, emphasizes the importance of temples to the people. Nephi, in The Book of Mormon, who left Israel for the Americas with his father Lehi just before the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem, made direct reference to the Temple of Solomon: “And I Nephi, did build a temple: and I did construct it after the manner of the Temple of Solomon save it were not built of so many precious things; for they were not to be found upon the land, wherefore, it could not be built like unto Solomon’s Temple.
John Williams’s Captivity Narrative: A Consideration of Normative Ethnicity
Authors: Baum Rosalie Murphy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most studies of early captivity narratives have considered only New England, usually Puritan, narratives of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and have focused on the archetypal structure of the form. Richard VanDerBeets, for example, describes “the most compelling pattern” as that of a hero “who engages in an archetypal journey of initiation, a variation of the fundamental Death-Rebirth archetype.” Such an archetypal hero experiences “Separation (isolation from one’s culture and symbolic death), Transformation (a series of excruciating ordeals in passing from ignorance to knowledge and maturity, accompanied by ritualized adoption into a new culture), and Return (symbolic rebirth with a sense of moral or spiritual gain).” Louise K. Barnett suggests that Cotton Mather’s accounts of the captivity of white settlers by Indians in Decennium Luctuosum (1699) define the captivity narrative as “the central experience of white-Indian relations” and the “prototype for countless early nineteenth-century novels,” with the satanic Indian as “gratuitous persecutor of whites, perpetrator of numberless atrocious deeds which provoked pity for his victims’ suffering and admiration for their endurance.”
Recapturing John Marrant
Authors: Montgomery Benilde 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recognizing that John Marrant’s captivity narrative “inaugurates the black tradition of English literature,” Henry Louis Gates, Jr., undoes a century and a half of the narrative’s neglect.1 Although John Marrant’s narrative was among the first books written by an African American and was, from its first edition in 1785, one of the most popular of the Indian captivity narratives, it has remained largely unread since its last edition in 1835 until Gates rescued it from obscurity. Even its author, whom both Dorothy Porter and Arthur Schomburg identify as “undoubtedly one of the first, if not the first, Negro ministers of the gospel in North America,” is ignored by those dusty and ponderous histories of early Methodism where some literary commentators suggest he belongs. When the narrative has been reproduced, moreover, it is often mistaken as a slave narrative, its editors ignoring that Marrant was born a free man of some apparent means. Some reformers of the American canon, who have gone to great lengths to include figures like Equiano and Wheatley, have ignored Marrant, favoring writers more self-consciously black or African. Because Marrant identifies himself as “black” only twice in his narrative, his work apparently lacked interest for both nineteenth-century abolitionists and certainly for Protestant nativists.
Introduction
Authors: Croyle Robert T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Screening for disease markers and risk factors is an important component of public health efforts in many countries. Screening in both clinical and community contexts is promoted as a cost-effective means of identifying individuals who have an increased risk for disease or who manifest early signs of disease. Identification of at-risk individuals allows health services to be targeted to those who are most likely to benefit from early intervention. The justification for screening programs, especially when implemented outside of the traditional clinical setting, often includes several implicit assumptions about human behavior. For example, proponents of many screening programs assume that individuals who are notified of their risk status will respond “rationally” by initiating or changing specific health-related behaviors. For a generation of health educators, the Health Belief Model (Becker, 1974) provided the theoretical justification for this risk notification strategy. Perceived susceptibility to disease was presumed to serve as a critical motivator of preventive health behavior. Individuals who were unaware of their risk status were expected to behave in a more healthful way once they were informed of their vulnerability.
Changes in Psychological Distress and Hiv Risk--Associated Behavior: Consequences of HIV Antibody Testing?
Authors: Jemmott John B , Miller III catherine A Sanderson suzanne M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most important advances in efforts to combat the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been the development of serological tests for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes the deadly disease. The use of these tests has reduced dramatically the risk of HIV transmission associated with blood transfusions and blood products. In addition to this public health advantage, HIV antibody testing may have significant medical benefits to individuals. Knowledge of seropositivity could lead to further diagnostics, to prophylactic therapies (e.g., zidovudine [AZT]), and to earlier recognition and treatment of AIDS-related illnesses (Coates et al., 1988).
Freshwater Forests of Continental Margins: Overview and Synthesis
Authors: Laderman Aimlee D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A few species of forest trees are found in nature only in narrow ribbons bordering an ocean’s edge. The trees and the ecosystems they inhabit present many intriguing puzzles. Despite their maritime location, these tree species are unable to survive in saline waters and soils. What do the trees have in common? What characteristics enable them to succeed in such challenging habitats? Why don’t these species occur inland naturally? Our aim here is to begin to answer these questions by establishing some correlations between the facets of the environment and the characteristics of the trees. Then, testable hypotheses can be developed in an attempt to relate cause and effect.