bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrainous allodynia or triptan-induced allodynia?
Authors: Mick Gérard , Lanteri-Minet Michel , Desmeules Jules 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last five years, several reports have unequivocally confirmed the occurrence of facial allodynia during migraine attacks in some migraines. Recent observations reveal that allodynia can also occur following systemic administration of sumatriptan. These astounding and confusing data led us to investigate the relative occurrence of the two phenomenon’s in the same population of migraineurs, and to characterize clinical features of allodynia that might be induced by oral triptans.
Allodynia and hyperalgesia Discussion summary
Authors: Ashina Messoud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The presentations, posters, and discussions during this session were devoted to mechanisms of cutaneous allodynia and muscular hyperalgesia in the cranial region. One of the important questions raised during the discussion was whether similar or different mechanisms contribute to cutaneous allodynia/hyperalgesia versus muscle allodynia/hyperalgesia. It appears that muscle may not possess the Ab fibres that have been implicated in cutaneous allodynia, yet muscle may manifest allodynia, as shown in experimental models of muscle pain in humans. Another question was how to assess allodynia in muscle. Non-painful dynamic stimulus or recoding of thermal thresholds used to assess cutaneous allodynia cannot be applied in the muscle tissue.
Cognitive control of emotion and pain in the human brain
Authors: Petrovic Predrag 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When we perceive a painful stimulus it is a composite sensation including sensory – discriminative and unpleasant emotional dimensions. Pain processing is so powerful that it may stop any other ongoing neural process in the brain. However, the perception of pain is not a linear phenomenon, reflecting a signal from the peripheral neuron. Rather, the noxious input may be modulated at every level of the neural axis. One of the most potent sources of modulation lies in the brain—although these mechanisms have not been studied in great detail. However, it is well known that many of the pain regulatory processes in the brain are shared with other systems, e.g. depression, anxiety, and similar emotional disorders: therefore a deeper understanding of the how the brain can modulate pain perception may be transferred to general emotional control. Ultimately, such knowledge may help in developing new treatments for both pain and depressive/anxiety disorders. In our present research we have focused on understanding the higher cognitive processes involved in modulation of pain and emotion.
Brain imaging of allodynia and hyperalgesia
Authors: Kupers Ron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern brain imaging studies such as positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and, more recently, magnetoencephalography (MEG) have opened exciting new avenues for the non-invasive exploration of the brain mechanisms which are at the basis of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Prior to the emergence of brain imaging techniques, our knowledge about the processing of these sensory abnormalities was based upon human psychophysical studies investigating the effects of selective nerve fiber blocks, microneurography recordings and single unit recordings in rodents, primates and man.
Brainstem and hypothalamic activation in spontaneous migraine attacks A PET study
Authors: Denuelle Marie , Fabre Nelly , Payoux Pierre , Chollet François , Geraud Gilles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For anatomical and physiological reasons, brainstem nuclei with a role both in nociception control and in cerebral vasomotricity regulation have been considered, for some twenty years now, as probably pivotal in migraine pathophysiology. A study with PET has shown an activation in some areas in the midbrain during migraine attacks. These structures could represent the putative generators of migraine attacks.
Introduction
Authors: Hayward P J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From Shetland to Scilly, the British Isles extend through 11 degrees of latitude, a distance of about 1250 km. Between eastern England and western Ireland they range through 13 degrees of longitude, about 900 km. The northern and western boundaries of this region face the open Atlantic; oceanic influences, locally modified by geographical and topographical factors, largely modulate the character of the marine environment. The eastern side of the British Isles bounds a shallow epicontinental sea; oceanic influences in the North Sea decrease towards the south, where the proximity of the European landmass has a different modifying effect. In the south, the complex hydrography of the Channel results in rapidly changing physical characteristics along its length, again with discernible environmental consequences. The Irish Sea, and major embayments such as the Bristol Channel, Liverpool Bay, the Scottish firths, and the Wash, are also characterized by particular physical conditions and, if geography is stretched to include the Channel Isles, the Gulf of St. Malo exemplifies further modifications of the marine environment. The effects of major physical factors are everywhere mediated by local geographical and topographical influences. Thus, throughout the region there exist marked gradients in the marine environment which are reflected in profuse variation in the characteristics of different marine habitats, with consequent effects on the nature of the marine fauna. Good illustrations of this have been provided by Holme (1961, 1966) and Cabioch (1968) in their studies of the environmental characteristics, bottom deposits, and benthic fauna of the Channel.
Palaeoenvironmental Context for the Late Neogene of the Turkana Basin
Authors: Feibel C S , Harris J M , Brown F H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the primary goals of documenting the geology and palaeontology of the Turkana Basin deposits has been to provide a broad basis upon which a reconstruction of past environments of the region can be made. The basic elements that make up such a reconstruction are palaeogeography, the depositional and post-depositional character of the sediments, and biotic indicators. The record preserved in the Turkana Basin from the past four million years provides a wealth of data from which to develop such a reconstruction.
Site-Formaticln Processes
Authors: Isaac Glynn Ll. , Isaac Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Koobi Fora Formation most of the localities that we have designated as sites are marked as such by the presence of numerous flaked-stone artefacts, although, as reported by Henry Bunn in Chapter 8, we have also identified sites with cut-marked bones but without stone artefacts at a detectable density. The smallest concentrations of artefacts that we recognize as sites are inconspicuous clusters of a few dozen artefacts scattered within an area only 3 or 4 m in diameter (‘mini-sites’); the largest are unmistakable concentrations of several thousand artefacts and bone fragments distributed over an area that is 12−15 or more metres across (‘maxi-sites’). Previous chapters have provided reports on the individual sites and, in outline, on their contents. We now turn from the aggregate of circumstantial evidence and particular information to ask what integrated statements can be made about the behaviours, the ways of life, and the modes of adaptation of the. early hominids who made the stone artefacts. (Put in Popperian terms, what reasonable hypotheses can be tested? What potentially interesting propositions suggest themselves for testing in future work?)
The Bone Assemblages from the Excavated Sites
Authors: Bunn Henry T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than a dozen assemblages of fossil bones, associated in most cases with stone artefacts, have been recovered from archaeological sites within the Koobi Fora Formation. These bone assemblages, along with those of equivalent age from Olduvai Gorge, constitute some of the best available evidence from the Plio-Pleistocene of hominid subsistence behaviour, in particular the consumption of meat and marrow. In this chapter I first summarize the methods of bone analysis used at Koobi Fora, then I present the basic empirical data obtained from all of the major sites, and, finally, from an archaeological and taphonomic perspective, I consider various possible interpretations of the bone assemblages. Because my principal aim here is to describe the bone assemblages in terms of the specific information they may contribute towards a better understanding of ancient hominid behaviour, I place emphasis on determining the sequence of taphonomic events, including hominid activity, that led to the accumulation of the bone assemblages and to the formation of the sites.
Locomotion and Buoyancy
Authors: Bone Q , Duvert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chaetognaths can produce very rapid, directed movements to catch their prey and to avoid predators, and many (perhaps most) of the pelagic species that are denser than sea water show regular brief bursts of swimming alternated with passive sinking. This rhythmic hop-and-sink pattern of activity enables them to search through the water for their prey (see Chapter 5).
Ultrastructure of subtropical crustose lichens
Authors: Tucker S C , Matthews S W , Chapman R L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ultrastructure in thirteen species of subtropical lichens from Louisiana, USA was studied. All belong to genera prevalent in the tropics and all have trentepohliaceous photobionts. Homogeneous cross-wall ultrastructure identified Trentepohlia as photobiont in species studied of Anisomeridium, Arthonia, Pyrenula, and Trypethelium. Cephaleuros, as photobiont in the lichen Strigula complanata, has a similar homogeneous cross-wall structure, but is easily distinguished on other characteristics. A pronounced circular wall thickening around the central cluster of plasmodesmata identified Phycopeltis as photobiont in species of Anisomeridium (different to the above species), Graphis, Mazosia, Opegrapha, Porina, and Schismatomma. Previously, Graphis scripta, Schismatomma, and Anisomeridium had been reported to have Trentepohlia instead. Haustoria were present in all thirteen crustose lichen species and all had the intraparietal type (as defined by Honegger) in which the algal cell wall invaginates and surrounds the invading fungal haustorium.
Physiological ecology and evolution of the threespine stickleback
Authors: Guderley Helga E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The life cycle of the threespine stickleback exposes it to diverse physical conditions. The anadromous stickleback, in particular, faces marked changes in the salinity, temperature, and oxygenation of its environment during its annual cycle. Neuroendocrine control mechanisms and modification of tissue function provide the physiological basis of its responses to environmental changes; the physiological preparation for reproduction may influence its response to seasonal changes. For example, mobilization of somatic reserves for gonad production or parental care could accentuate the effect of high temperature on nutritional requirements and on muscle metabolic organization. Such interactions must be considered when interpreting the adaptive significance of the stickleback’s physiological responses to the environment. Common environmental signals may coordinate the reproductive cycle and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. For example, as photoperiod modifies both salinity preferences (Baggerman 1957; Audet et al. I986a) and reproductive readiness (Baggerman 1957), it is likely that these responses are mediated, at least in part, by common mechanisms.
Male Sterility Loci in Plant Mitochondrial Genomes
Authors: Hanson Maureen R , Pruitt Kirn D , Nivison Helen T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plants lacking functional pollen are not uncommon in the plant kingdom (Laser and Lerstern, 1972). The male sterile phenotype can be inherited either as a Mendelian or cytoplasmic trait. The mitochondrial genome is presently thought to encode cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS; Leaver and Gray, 1982; Boeshore et al., 1985; Hanson and Conde, 1985; Hanson et al., 1985; Pring and Lonsdale, 1985; Newton, 1987). Analysis at the molecular level in several species has shown either that the trait segregates with the mitochondrial genome or that fertile revertants have mitochondrial genome alterations (Belliard et al., 1978; Laughnan and Gabay-Laughnan, 1983; Aviv and Galun, 1980; Clark et al., 1985; Abbott and Fauron, 1986; Rottman et al., 1987; Wise et al., 1987).
General introduction
Authors: Mock Douglas W , Parker Geoffrey A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through the animal and vegetable kingdoms, nature has scattered the seeds of life abroad with the most profuse and liberal hand: but has been comparatively sparing in the room and nourishment necessary to rear them.
One fundamental tenet of Darwinism-Wallaccism, anticipated clearly by Malthus, is that organisms compete for critical resources. Individuals relatively adept at such games will tend to contribute (genes and their associated traits) disproportionately to future generations. For well over a century, biologists have examined the phonotypic attributes that foster such proficiency, and there is little disagreement today that the selfish promotion of personal welfare should be generally favoured by natural selection.
Theory lll: fatal sibling competition
Authors: Mock Douglas W , Parker Geoffrey A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have seen how individual brood-mates (and, by extension, individual offspring with prospective future siblings) are expected to practise ‘ graduated selfishness,’ the incremental consumption of limited resources that siblings need. One emphasis was on the continuous nature of such decisions, with the clear implication that they are relatively flexible, even reversible; high selfish consumption one day may be followed by low (generous) consumption the next. It is obvious that this can be taken to extremes, either through scrambles (wherein Self simply takes such a large portion that sibs cannot be sustained on what remains) or through the more direct application of aggressive acts.
Parent-offspring conflict lll: begging as an honest signal
Authors: Mock Douglas W , Parker Geoffrey A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We continue our review of resolutions models with a philosophically quite different explanation for escalated begging, which is related to the notion of ‘ honest advertising’ (Godfray 1991). Here, instead of begging being the manifestation of a scramble competition between sibs, it represents an honest (but costly) signal of need for PI that the parent monitors and uses in allocating PI. Godfray (1995b) gives an excellent comparative analysis of approaches to POC resolution and fits his signalling model within the same framework as the models of Parker and Macnair (1978), Eshel and Feldman (1991) and Yamamura and Higashi (1992).
Food uptake mechanisms in phagotrophic dinoflagellates and classification
Authors: ElbräChter Malte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Feeding strategies of phagotrophic free-living and some parasitic dinoflagellates are reviewed. For most phagotrophic dinoflagellates the exact mode of nutrition has not been observed. Phagotrophy sensu stricto is known in Blastodiniales, Gymnodiniales, Noctilucales, and Oxyrrhinales; a permanent cytostome occurs in the Noctilucales. Myzocytosis has been described for some members of the Gymnodiniales as well as for some species of ectoparasitic Blastodiniales, Dinophysiales, and Peridiniales. Most members of the Peridiniales use pallium-feeding.
Diversity ofheterotrophic heterokont flagellates
Authors: Preisig H R , Vørs N , Hällfors G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The diversity of heterotrophic flagellated chrysophytes, bicosoecids, pedinellids, synurophytes, and tribophytes (= xanthophytes) is reviewed. All colourless genera and species in these groups are listed. Genera whose members normally possess chloroplasts, but in which mixotrophic or rarely totally heterotrophic species are known to occur are also briefly discussed.
On The Current Understanding Of Somaclonal Variation
Authors: Karp Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade considerable advances have been made in the genetic engineering of crop plants through the coupling of recombinant DNA techniques with regeneration from plant tissue cultures. Amongst the current problems facing the advance of this technology is the occurrence of uncontrolled instability, or somaclonal variation, that arises through the in vitro culture process. This unexpected source of variation was originally publicized as a potential source of novel crop improvements but it has since become clear that the variation has far wider significance. This review appraises the present status of knowledge of somaclonal variation based on the current understanding of its nature, causes and importance.
Insight To Replication Strategies And Evolution Of (+) Strand Rna Viruses Provided By Brome Mosaic Virus
Authors: Marsh Loren E , Pogue Gregory P , Hall Clayton C Huntley Timothy C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although (+)-stranded RNA viruses are responsible for the majority of viral infections of animals and almost all viral infections of plants, knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in their replication is incomplete compared with that for DNA viruses. In large part, this disparity has been due to the greater difficulty experienced in working with these viruses, but, as recombinant nucleic acid techniques have developed, RNA viruses have become more amenable to investigation. In particular, cDNA cloning and the ability to derive biologically active or infectious RNA by transcription from cDNA clones have greatly facilitated research on these viruses.
Biodiversity Research and Biological Collections: Transfer of Information
Authors: Nielsen* Ebbe S , West † Judy G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The role of collections in biodiversity research is reviewed. It is shown that there are major problems that need to be addressed: the priorities for future collection-based research with respect to biodiversity issues. It is shown that the vast amounts of data within biological collections already exist that, with appropriate planning, could be mobilized into useful published lists and incorporated into electronic databases. On a more strategic level the information required for decision-taking on biodiversity issues is reviewed. Statistics are provided on the size of the task, and the scope of the task is assessed using Australian models and examples, in relation to life lists, monographs and checklists, and future inventory projects.
New Procedures for Reserve Selection in New South Wales: Maximizing the Chances of Achieving a Representative Network
Authors: Pressey R L , Bedward M , Keith D A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The time-honoured approach to reservation is opportunistic and ad hoc. This has some important disadvantages, which reduce the likelihood of achieving representative reserve systems and which call for more systematic procedures for selecting reserves. Opportunism and a variety of more systematic approaches for reserve selection are reviewed in relation to three key principles: efficiency, flexibility, and irreplaceability.
Systematic history and taxonomy
Authors: Green C J , Jordan R W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Representatives of the algal division Haptophyta occur predominantly in marine habitats, relatively few being known from freshwater or from terrestrial situations. Certain species, some of them toxic to animal life, are known to form extensive blooms. The history of systematic studies on the Haptophyta is reviewed briefly and some of the taxonomic difficulties arising from a reliance on relatively few morphological features, particularly at levels below that of class, are discussed. Recent advances in ultrastructural, biochemical, and genetic studies are outlined in relation to some of the outstanding problems.
Centromere of budding yeast S. cerevisiae
Authors: Choo K H Andy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly used by brewers and bakers, is an amenable system that is easily manipulated genetically, molecularly, and biochemically, and has proved to be a powerful experimental tool for the study of the eukaryotic centromere. This organism contains in the haploid state 16 Mb of DNA per cell, or approximately 0.5% of the amount found in the haploid human genome of 3000 Mb. The DNA of S. cerevisiae is contained within 16 chromosomes, ranging in size from about 260 kb to 3 Mb (Carle and Olson 1985). The entire genome of this organism has now been completely sequenced (see Saccharomyces Genome Database).
Centromere of fission yeast S. pombe
Authors: Choo K H Andy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like the budding yeast S. cerevisiae,the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombeis a relatively simple and tractable system that is easily manipulated genetically and biochemically. It contains in its haploid state about 14 Mb of genomic DNA that is embodied in 3 chromosomes with sizes of approximately 5.7 Mb (chromosome I), 4.7 Mb (chromosome II) and 3.5 Mb (chromosome III) (Fan et al.1988). In many ways, S. pombeappears to be more similar to higher eukaryotic cells than it is to the budding yeast. For example, an intron in a gene derived from a mammalian system (the gene encoding the SV40 small T antigen) is correctly spliced in S. pombe(Kaufer et al.1985), and the human gene CDC2HS has been screened by genetic complementation in S. pombewhen transformed by a human cDNA library (Lee and Nurse 1987). Unlike the relatively small and repeat DNA-free centromeres of S. cerevisiae, S. pombecentromeres are large and contain untranscribed repetitive DNA, as is the case with the centromeres of higher eukaryotes. During early mitosis, discrete kinetochore structures are formed in S. pombethat each associates with the ends of 2-4 microtubules (Ding et al.1993). This is similar to the attachment of multiple spindle fibres per kinetochore in higher eukaryotes, and is again in contrast to the single microtubule attachment observed for S. cerevisiaecentromeres (Peterson and Ris 1976). These characteristics therefore make the centromere of S. pombea good model system for higher eukaryotes.