bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagating Bright Knots in the Chromospheric Fibrils
Authors: Tong Shaoxuan , Zhang Jun , Ding Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The solar chromosphere is a crucial layer for resolving the problem of atmospheric heating. There are many bright features, which are considered as the thermal signals for heating the atmosphere, and these features are suggested to have resulted from either magnetic reconnection or wave dissipation. It has been reported that a large number of propagating bright knots are detected in the chromosphere and corona. In this paper, we employ the high-resolution chromospheric Hα data from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope to study the propagating bright knots. As the propagating bright knots move along the chromospheric fibrils, we select isolated and clear fibrils and track the knots along these fibrils. While the number of knots in a fibril region is equal to or greater than 5, the fibril and the knots are recorded. Based on the data on 2019 September 4, we detected 98 knots, and these knots move along 13 fibrils. On 2019 November 2, 87 knots, which move along 12 fibrils, were recorded. These propagating bright knots have an average area of around 0.8 Mm2, with propagating distances from 190 to 2450 km, propagating velocities from 5 to 51 km s−1, and an average lifetime of 71 s. To examine the relationship between the knots and the photospheric magnetic fields, we measure the field underneath these knots. The average magnetic flux densities are less than 10 Gauss, comparable with the noise level. We suggest that these knots are not produced by magnetic reconnection, but rather by wave dissipation.
A Universal Break in Energy Functions of Three Hyperactive Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Wu Q. , Wang F. Y. , Zhao Z. Y. , Wang P. , Xu H. , Zhang Y. K. , Zhou D. J. , Niu J. R. , Wang W. Y. , Yi S. X. , Hua Z. Q. , Zhang S. B. , Han J. L. , Zhu W. W. , Lee K. J. , Li D. , Wu X. F. , Dai Z. G. , Zhang B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses occurring at cosmological distances with a mysterious origin. Observations show that at least some FRBs are produced by magnetars. All magnetar-powered FRB models require some triggering mechanisms, among which the most popular is the cracking of the crust of a neutron star, which is called a starquake. However, so far there has been no decisive evidence for this speculation. Here we report the energy functions of the three most active repeating FRBs, which show a universal break around 1038 erg. Such a break is similar to that of the frequency–magnitude relationship of earthquakes. The break, and the change in the power-law indices below and above it, can be well understood within the framework of FRBs triggered by starquakes in the magnetar models. The seed of weak FRBs can grow both on the magnetar surface and in the deeper crust. In contrast, the triggering of strong FRBs is confined by the crustal thickness, and the seed of strong FRBs can only grow on the surface. This difference in dimensionality causes a break in the scaling properties from weak to strong FRBs, occurring at a point where the penetration depth of starquakes equals the crustal thickness. Our result, together with the earthquake-like temporal properties of these FRBs, strongly supports the idea that FRBs are triggered by starquakes, providing a new opportunity to study the physical properties of the crust of a neutron star.
Digital eye strain: prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors among banking assistants in Colombo District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunawardana Supipi Dissanayake , Jayawaradana Dushyanthi 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Along with the technological advancement, many sectors had digitalized including banking, education and health sectors. With the excess usage, digital eye strain is now becoming the most common occupational hazard among the digital device users. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of banking assistants with the digital eye strain (DES) and associated socio-demographic factors among banking assistants in a divisional secretariat division in Sri Lanka Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among all the branches of randomly selected banks in a purposively selected divisional secretariat division. On selected banks, 372 eligible banking assistants were selected by systematic sampling. Data were collected by a structured pretested self-administered questionnaire. DES was detected using Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Selected factors were cross-tabulated by the presence or absence of DES and the association was assessed using Chi-squared followed by multiple logistic regression. A p value of 0.05 was used to determine the significance. Results: The response rate was 94.08%. The mean age of study population was 32.5 (95% CI: 31.88-33.11) years. Majority were females (n=206; 58.9%), married (n=228; 65.4%) and had a university degree (n=175; 50%). The duration of employment of the banking assistance varied from 3 months to 15 years. Sixty percent (n=210) of the banking assistants worked in the financial section. DES was detected in 70.6% of the employees. Civil status (p<0.001), education level (p=0.014) and working section (p=0.039) were found to be significantly associated with the presence of DES. Conclusions & Recommendations: The prevalence of DES among banking assistants was notably high. Early detection efforts should prioritize married employees, those in operational roles, and non-graduates to mitigate the condition's impact.
Assessment of blood lead and haemoglobin levels among battery technicians and local government office workers in South-western Nigeria
Authors: Ozomata Ebenezer Adeiza , Ogunnowo Babatunde 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Human exposure to lead has significant public health problems. Occupational exposure of lead has shifted from industrial sources to battery repair activities. Battery technicians are at risk of exposure to lead via inhalation of fumes, oral ingestion and skin absorption. Objectives: To assess and compare blood lead and haemoglobin levels of battery technicians and local government office workers in South-western Nigeria Methods: A cross-sectional study with multi-stage sampling was used to compare battery technicians and office workers in Lagos State. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection while blood samples were collected for lead and haemoglobin measurements. Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test and Student t-test were used to test for significance at p≤0.05.Results: A total of 150 battery technicians and 150 office workers participated in the study. The battery technicians were less educated and earned less but had more years of working experience (p≤0.001) when compared to office workers. The median (range) blood lead value for battery workers was 9.0 (1.0-24.0) μg/dl compared to office workers 0.3 (0.01-3.2) μg/dl, which was statistically significant. The age of office workers was associated with their blood haemoglobin level. Conclusions & Recommendations: Blood lead level of battery technicians was significantly higher than that of the office workers but their haemoglobin levels were non-significant. A switch to repair of non-lead batteries, changing the work process by enclosing the battery during repairs, more trainings on lead exposure reduction, use of personal protective devices and regular biological monitoring of lead may control elevated lead level among battery technicians.
A collaborative parent-teacher model for religious moderation education in early childhood in Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf M. Suyuti , Pajarianto Hadi , Sulaiman Baso 
Published: January 2025

Background: Effective collaboration between parents and teachers is a crucial component of early childhood education (ECE) institutions in Indonesia. Both parties hold a fundamental responsibility for imparting knowledge within the formal school setting and the informal home environment.Aim: The present study investigates the patterns of collaboration between parents and teachers, with the goal of enhancing the role of both parties.Setting: The study was conducted in Palopo City, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The researcher selected three ECE institutions involving a total of 15 teachers and 15 parents.Methods: The study utilised the Discovering Cultural Themes model, which helped identify recurring patterns from prior analyses. The researchers examined themes, cultural focusses, values and symbols within each domain.Results: The findings show that teachers serve a structural role, while parents contribute through a cultural role in the collaboration. The values instilled in children include religious moderation, national commitment, non-violence, a love of local culture and tolerance.Conclusion: The collaboration between parents and teachers is reflected in the participatory activities initiated by parents in various school programmes, reinforcing the cultural responsibility of parents and the structural responsibilities of teachers.Contribution: This study contributes to the collaborative teacher–parent model by emphasising role division and parental involvement to strengthen religious moderation education at home. As a result, the values instilled at school can be reinforced at home and vice versa. Indonesian society places significant importance on the values of cooperation and mutual assistance as emotional bonds among citizens.
Effects of computerized group drawing and implementation of conceptual diagrams on divergent thinking among the nursing students of Saveh
Authors: Afroughi Solaiman , Khaze Seyed M. , Saeedinejad Zaker , Bayat Amir H. , Haghgoo Amin 
Published: January 2025

Background and aim
The conceptual diagram is an effective method for the evolution of medical education that helps improve problem-solving, group skills, and creativity. This study aims to determine the effects of the computerized group drawing and implementation of conceptual diagrams on divergent thinking among the nursing students of Saveh.

Materials and methods
In this quasiexperimental study, the enumeration sampling technique was used to select 102 nursing students in an academic year. The lottery method was then adopted to assign them equally to case and control (comparison) groups (51 members each). Peter Honey’s questionnaire was used to measure divergent thinking of students. The conceptual diagram was then drawn and presented in MindMapper in groups during seven, 90-min sessions. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS 20.

Results
According to the repeated measures analysis of variance, there was an upward trend in the mean (and SD) of divergent thinking scores of students in the case group before, right after, and 1 month after the intervention; however, there was no change in the comparison group (P<0.0001).

Conclusion
Since this education method had a positive, significant effect on the divergent thinking of students, it is recommended to employ the student-centered method for teaching and learning processes of higher education programs.
Immediate effect of Yoga Nidra (a yogic relaxation) on cardio-autonomic function in hypertensive patients: A case report
Authors: Ragavee S. , Prashanth S. , Priyanka S. , Maheshkumar K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High blood pressure is a major risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for 10.4 million deaths globally. About 24% of fatalities from coronary heart disease and 57% of deaths from stroke are caused by hypertension, which is identified by the World Health Organization as a significant cause of premature death. Yoga Nidra, a simplified version of ancient relaxation, aims to balance the body and mind, promoting parasympathetic activity and lowering the blood pressure. A 65-year-old male patient with exhaustion and palpitations presented at the outpatient department with a history of hypertension and no medication for the last 5 months. The patient underwent a 40-min Yoga Nidra relaxation, and pre- and post-blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements were performed. The blood pressure decreased, and there were reductions in the root mean square of the successive differences and standard deviation of the NN (R-R) intervals, as observed in the HRV analysis. Significantly, the high-frequency (HF) band relative power expressed in standard units (HF) increased, and the percentage of consecutive R-R intervals that are at least 50 ms distant (pNN50) also increased, indicating parasympathetic dominance. Conversely, the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio decreased. Yoga Nidra, a yoga practice, has been shown to reduce blood pressure and improve HRV, indicating its potential as a safe and effective hypertension management strategy, despite the need for further controlled research.
Zebrafish optic nerve regeneration involves resident and retinal oligodendrocytes
Authors: Pérez-Montes Cristina , Hernández-García Rosalía , Jiménez-Cubides Jhoana Paola , DeOliveira-Mello Laura , Velasco Almudena , Arévalo Rosario , García-Macia Marina , Santos-Ledo Adrián 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The visual system of teleost fish grows continuously, which is a useful model for studying regeneration of the central nervous system. Glial cells are key for this process, but their contribution is still not well defined. We followed oligodendrocytes in the visual system of adult zebrafish during regeneration of the optic nerve at 6, 24, and 72 hours post-lesion and at 7 and 14 days post-lesion via the sox10:tagRFP transgenic line and confocal microscopy. To understand the changes that these oligodendrocytes undergo during regeneration, we used Sox2 immunohistochemistry, a stem cell marker involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation. We also used the Click-iTTM Plus TUNEL assay to study cell death and a BrdU assay to determine cell proliferation. Before optic nerve crush, sox10:tagRFP oligodendrocytes are located in the retina, in the optic nerve head, and through all the entire optic nerve. Sox2-positive cells are present in the peripheral germinal zone, the mature retina, and the optic nerve. After optic nerve crush, sox10:tagRFP cells disappeared from the optic nerve crush zone, suggesting that they died, although they were not TUNEL positive. Concomitantly, the number of Sox2-positive cells increased around the crushed area, the optic nerve head, and the retina. Then, between 24 hours post-lesion and 14 days post-lesion, double sox10:tagRFP/Sox2-positive cells were detected in the retina, optic nerve head, and whole optic nerve, together with a proliferation response at 72 hours post-lesion. Our results confirm that a degenerating process may occur prior to regeneration. First, sox10:tagRFP oligodendrocytes that surround the degenerated axons stop wrapping them, change their “myelinating oligodendrocyte” morphology to a “nonmyelinating oligodendrocyte” morphology, and die. Then, residual oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the optic nerve and retina proliferate and differentiate for the purpose of remyelination. As new axons arise from the surviving retinal ganglion cells, new sox10:tagRFP oligodendrocytes arise from residual oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to guide, nourish and myelinate them. Thus, oligodendrocytes play an active role in zebrafish axon regeneration and remyelination.
The prevalence and drivers of early marriage across three generations in three districts from Amhara, Oromia and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples regions of Ethiopia
Authors: Melese Getu  , Guday Emirie  , Kassahun Habtamu  
Published: January 2025

Early marriage is a harmful traditional practice which affects millions of children worldwide. In the developing world, one in three will marry by the age of 18 and one in nine will marry by the age of 15. This article presents the findings of a study which established the prevalence and drivers of early marriage in Alefa, Diksis and Gorche districts of the Amhara, Oromia and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions, respectively. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed. A total of 1199 women participated in a quantitative survey and data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The prevalence of early marriage among respondents was found to be 69.9%. The overall mean age at first marriage of respondents was found to be 14.8. An overall declining trend in the prevalence of early marriage and increasing trend in mean age at first marriage were noted. Respondents attendance of formal school, whether or not fathers ever attended formal school and size of land of natal family were found to be the variables significantly associated with respondents’ age at first marriage. The drivers of early marriage were categorized into gendered social norms, economic contexts, and institutional factors. Some conclusions are drawn based on the research findings.
Working thematically: changing the path to leadership for the third space
Authors: Denney Fiona , McIntosh Emily 
Published: January 2025

What does leadership mean in the third space, and how is it changing? This opinion piece offers a perspective on third space leadership, through embracing thematic working and drawing together often disparate elements of the academy. The paper argues that the future workforce of HE depends on third space leadership and that the skills, attributes and opportunities, such as managing “supercomplexity” (Barnett, 2000) and “complex collaboration” (Veles et al, 2019) must be leveraged in order to support and encourage those who already work in this space. It offers two proposals that would effect the changes necessary to realise this, including looking at different HE contracts and criteria necessary for senior leadership.
Perception of Patient Safety in Health Care Professionals of a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shadab Wajiha , Afzal Sadaf , Sultana Saadia , Arif Nighat , Khan Muhammad Nadim Akbar , Tabassum Hina 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess patient safety awareness among healthcare professionals in a tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from December 2023 to February 2024
Methodology: One hundred and fifty staff members were enrolled in the study after taking informed verbal consent. Demographic data and the closed-ended standard version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire were used for data collection.
Results: Patient safety standards and perceptions were highly rated in terms of overall perceptions of patient safety, which ranged from good to acceptable. There was a positive response rate of 50.00%. Effective teamwork was demonstrated by 82.13% of hospital departments and units. Only 3-5 adverse events and 13.16% of clinician errors were reported in the previous 12 months. Honest sharing of information concerning mistakes and patient safety was claimed by 50.00% of respondents.
Conclusion: Although patient safety standards and perceptions were highly rated in hospital departments, there is still room for improvement with regard to event reporting.
Comparison of Efficacy of Intralesional Metronidazole Versus Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate in Patients of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Gul Raisa Khan , Kausar Sameena , Naveed Tehseen , Saleem Sumyra , Riaz Sarah , Said Ghazala 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of intralesional Metronidazole versus intralesional Meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration Of Study: Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Dec 2019 to June 2020.
Methodology: After informed consent from study participants and approval from the hospital ethical committee, sixty patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis from the dermatology OPD who met the inclusion criteria were chosen. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two therapy groups using simple randomization. Group A was given intralesional Metronidazole 1-2 ml (5-10mg) per lesion twice a week and Group B received intralesional Meglumine antimoniate 1-2 ml (90-180mg) per lesion twice a week for 8 weeks. Lesions were measured using a ruler and palpation to determine their size and induration. Patients were followed up till their treatment was completed. The drug was considered efficacious if there was 75 percent reduction in size or induration of lesion.
Results: At the end of eight weeks, clinical effectiveness was observed in 16(53.33%) patients in Group A and 28(93.33%) patients in Group B. The results were found to be statistically significant with a p-value of 0.001.
Conclusion: Intralesional Meglumine antimoniate is more effective than intralesional Metronidazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
The benefits and trade-offs of multi-variable calibration of the WaterGAP global hydrological model (WGHM) in the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins
Authors: Hasan Howlader Mohammad Mehedi , Döll Petra , Hosseini-Moghari Seyed-Mohammad , Papa Fabrice , Güntner Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract. While global hydrological models (GHMs) are affected by large uncertainties regarding model structure, forcing and calibration data, and parameters, observations of model output variables are rarely used to calibrate the model. Pareto-dominance-based multi-objective calibration, often referred to as Pareto-optimal calibration (POC), may serve to estimate model parameter sets and analyse trade-offs among different objectives during calibration. Within a POC framework, we determined optimal parameter sets for the WaterGAP global hydrological model (WGHM) in the two largest basins of the Indian subcontinent – the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, collectively supporting nearly 580 million inhabitants. The selected model parameters, determined through a multi-variable, multi-signature sensitivity analysis, were estimated using up to four types of observations: in situ streamflow (Q), GRACE and GRACE Follow-On terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA), LandFlux evapotranspiration (ET), and surface water storage anomaly (SWSA) derived from multi-satellite observations. While our sensitivity analysis ensured that the model parameters that are most influential for the four variables were identified in a transparent and comprehensive way, the rather large number of calibration parameters, 10 for the Ganges and 16 for the Brahmaputra, had a negative impact on parameter identifiability during the calibration process. Calibration against observed Q was crucial for reasonable streamflow simulations, while additional calibration against TWSA was crucial for the Ganges basin and helpful for the Brahmaputra basin to obtain a reasonable simulation of both Q and TWSA. Additionally calibrating against ET and SWSA enhanced the overall model performance slightly. We identified several trade-offs among the calibration objectives, with the nature of these trade-offs closely tied to the physiographic and hydrologic characteristics of the study basins. The trade-offs were particularly pronounced in the Ganges basin, in particular between Q and SWSA, as well as between Q and ET. When considering the observational uncertainty of the calibration data, model performance decreases in most cases. This indicates an overfitting to the singular observation time series by the calibration algorithm. We therefore propose a transparent algorithm to identify high-performing Pareto solutions under consideration of observational uncertainties of the calibration data.