bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Stat‐3 as one of the early events in tobacco chewing‐mediated oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Nagpal Jatin K. , Mishra Rajakishore , Das Bibhu R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Jak/Stat signaling pathway transmits signals from many cytokines and growth factor receptors to target genes in the nucleus. Constitutive activation of Stat‐3 recently has been observed in many tumor cells, and dysregulation of the Stat signaling pathway has been proposed to be implicated in malignant transformation. In the current study for the first time to the authors's knowledge, the expression of STAT‐3 was analyzed in various stages and sites of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC).METHODSTissue samples from 90 patients of tobacco chewing‐mediated HNSCC representing various stages, sites, and differentiation states were selected for studying STAT‐3 protein and RNA expression. In vivo localization of STAT‐3 was studied by immunohistochemistry of paraffin embedded sections. The presence of STAT‐3 and its phophorylated and activated form pSTAT‐3 was checked by Western blotting. mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Apoptosis analysis was conducted by in situ ENA nick end labeling assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining.RESULTSOverall, 58.9% of HNSCC tumors showed very high Stat‐3 protein accumulation, and 23.3% showed intermediate accumulation whereas 17.8% of HNSCC tumors were negative for Stat‐3. No Stat‐3 was detected in normal samples, and only one of eight premalignant lesions showed intermediate Stat‐3 accumulation. On immunoblotting, very high protein accumulation was detected in T1 and T2 classification, moderate in T3 and T4 (P = 0.033, chi‐square test), whereas no Stat‐3 was detected in normal samples. Similar trend also was found in Stat‐3 mRNA expression by RT‐PCR analysis which was high in T1 and T2 (early stages), moderate in T3 and T4 (late stages), and no expression in normal samples. The mean apoptotic indices were 1.75, 1.88, and 1.66 for normal, premalignant lesions, and HNSCC cases, respectively.CONCLUSIONSStat‐3 activation is an early event in head and neck carcinogenesis though its role in blocking the apoptosis in vivo in solid tumors was not observed. Cancer 2002;94:2393–400. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10499
High frequency of microsatellite instability and loss of mismatch‐repair protein expression in patients with double primary tumors of the endometrium and colorectum
Authors: Planck Maria , Rambech Eva , Möslein Gabriela , Müller Wolfram , Olsson Håkan , Nilbert Mef 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with the familial syndrome hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) exhibit an increased risk for several tumor types, of which the greatest lifetime risk is for colorectal and endometrial carcinoma. HNPCC is caused by a germline mutation in one of several identified mismatch repair (MMR) genes and typically presents with microsatellite instability (MSI) and frequent loss of MMR protein expression in the tumor tissue. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of double primary tumors of the endometrium and colorectum that displays tumor characteristics suggestive of MMR deficiency.METHODSThe authors used the southern Sweden regional population‐based Cancer Registry to identify women who developed double primary tumors of the endometrium and colorectum. Of the 256 women who were diagnosed with carcinoma at both of these sites during the period 1958–1998, 39 women had developed their first tumor before age 50 years. The authors successfully retrieved 67 tumors from 36 of these patients and analyzed them for MSI and immunohistochemical expression of the MMR genes, MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6.RESULTSThe MSI status of the 67 tumors was high MSI in 37 tumors, low MSI in 13 tumors, and microsatellite stable (MSS) in 17 tumors. Immunohistochemical loss of MMR protein expression was correlated with MSI status and was demonstrated in 29 high MSI tumors, in 1 low MSI tumor, and in 1 MSS tumor. A concordant loss of the same MMR protein in both tumors was found in 12 of 27 patients.CONCLUSIONSThe authors demonstrated a high frequency of MSI (75%) in tumors from women with endometrial and colorectal carcinoma who had their first tumor diagnosed before age 50 years and observed concordant immunohistochemical loss of MMR protein expression, suggestive of a possible underlying germline mutation, in 12 of 27 patients (44%). They concluded that double primary malignancies of the colorectum and endometrium at a young age should make the clinician suspect HNPCC. Cancer 2002; 94:2502–10. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10501
Outcome of suprarenal localized masses diagnosed during the perinatal period
Authors: Sauvat Frederique , Sarnacki Sabine , Brisse Herve , Medioni Jacques , Rubie Herve , Aigrain Yves , Gauthier Frederic , Audry Georges , Helardot Pierre , Landais Paul , Michon Jean , Hartmann Olivier , Nihoul‐Fékété Claire 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe growing use of abdominal ultrasonography during pregnancy and in the postnatal period is leading to the discovery of an increasing number of suprarenal masses. The optimal diagnosis and treatment of these masses has not yet been determined.METHODSThe authors reviewed the files of patients with suprarenal masses detected prenatally or during the first 3 months of life, between 1986 and 1999, in the pediatric surgery and oncology departments of Paris hospitals.RESULTSThirty masses were detected prenatally and 23 postnatally. In the latter group of patients, the diagnosis was based on ultrasound in 8 cases and on the palpation of a mass in 15 cases, 13 of which were neuroblastoma. At birth, the masses were cystic in 19 cases, solid in 17, and mixed in 13. Sensitivities of methyliodobenzylguanidine and urinary catecholamine assay were 70% and 52% respectively. Surgery was performed in 38 cases with a median age of 42 days. Histologic analysis showed 31 neuroblastomas, 1 adrenal hemorrhage, 2 necrotic masses, 1 bronchogenic cyst, and 3 sequestrations. All the patients were alive and disease free, at a follow‐up ranging from 3 months to 13 years.CONCLUSIONSIn this series, 58% of the suprarenal masses diagnosed perinatally were localized neuroblastoma with a favorable outcome. All other cases either regressed spontaneously or turned out to be benign lesion. Thus, the management of these masses must strike a compromise between aggressive treatment and a wait‐and‐see attitude. This requires appropriate initial assessment and a close follow‐up in a specialized center. Cancer 2002;94:2474–80. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10502
Microglia and the early phase of immune surveillance in the axotomized facial motor nucleus: Impaired microglial activation and lymphocyte recruitment but no effect on neuronal survival or axonal regeneration in macrophage‐colony stimulating factor‐deficient mice
Authors: Kalla Roger , Liu Zhiqiang , Xu Shengli , Koppius Andrea , Imai Yoshinori , Kloss Christian U.A. , Kohsaka Shinichi , Gschwendtner Andreas , Möller J. Carsten , Werner Alexander , Raivich Gennadij 
Published: October 2004

AbstractActivation of microglia is among the first cellular changes in the injured CNS. However, little is known about their specific contribution to secondary damage or repair processes in neighboring neurons and nonneuronal cells or to the immune surveillance of the damaged tissue. Animal models with defective microglial response such as osteopetrosis provide an approach to explore these effects. Osteopetrosis (op) is an autosomal recessive mutation with a complete deficiency of the macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (MCSF; CSF‐1), an important mitogen for brain microglia. In the current study we examined the effects of this MCSF deficiency on the microglial reaction and the overall cellular response to nerve injury in the mouse axotomized facial motor nucleus. In the brain, MCSF receptor immunoreactivity was found only on microglia and was strongly up‐regulated following injury. MCSF deficiency led to a failure of microglia to show a normal increase in early activation markers (thrombospondin, MCSF receptor, αMβ2‐ and α5β1‐integrins), to spread on the surface of axotomized motoneurons, and to proliferate after injury. Early recruitment of CD3+ T‐lymphocytes to the facial nucleus 24 hours after injury was reduced by 60%. In contrast, the neuronal and astrocyte response was not affected. There was a normal increase in the neuropeptides calcitonin gene‐related peptide and galanin, neuronal c‐JUN, and NADPH‐diaphorase and a decrease in choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase. Astrocyte glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity also showed a normal increase. There was a normal influx of macrophages and granulocytes into the injured facial nerve. Synaptic stripping, neuronal survival, and speed of axonal regeneration were also not affected. The current results show a strong, selective effect of MCSF on the early activation of microglia and, indirectly, on lymphocyte recruitment. This early phase of microglial activation appears not to be involved in the process of repair following peripheral nerve injury. However, it is important in the initiation of inflammatory changes in the brain and in the interaction with the immune system. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:182–201, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadherin expression by embryonic divisions and derived gray matter structures in the telencephalon of the chicken
Authors: Redies Christoph , Medina Loreta , Puelles Luis 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe expression of three cadherins (cadherin‐6B, cadherin‐7, and R‐cadherin) was studied by immunohistochemistry in the telencephalon of chicken embryos at intermediate stages of development (11 and 15 days of incubation). Expression patterns were related to cytoarchitecture and to previously published data on functional connections and on the expression of gene regulatory proteins. Our results indicate that, like in other regions of the embryonic chicken brain, the expression of each cadherin is restricted to parts of embryonic divisions as well as to particular nuclei, areas or their subdivisions. The expression patterns are largely complementary with partial overlap. The regional expression of the cadherins respects the boundary between the pallium and the subpallium as well as between various pallial and subpallial subdivisions. Novel subdivisions were found in several telencephalic areas. For example, subjacent to the hyperstriatum, the neostriatum contains multiple islands of cells with a profile of cadherin expression that differs from the surrounding matrix (“island fields”). Moreover, the expression of each cadherin is apparently associated with parts of intratelencephalic neural circuits and of thalamopallial and basal ganglia pathways. These results support a role for cadherins in the aggregation and differentiation of gray matter structures within embryonic brain divisions. The cadherin immunostaining patterns are interpreted in the context of a recently proposed divisional scheme of the avian pallium that postulates medial, dorsal, lateral, and ventral divisions as complete radial histogenetic units (Puelles et al. [2000]). J. Comp. Neurol. 438:253–285, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of rat glycine receptor α1 and α2 subunit transcripts in the developing auditory brainstem
Authors: Piechotta Kerstin , Weth Franco , Harvey Robert J. , Friauf Eckhard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGlycine receptors (GlyRs), aside from GABAA receptors, mediate fast postsynaptic inhibition in the mammalian nervous system. Spatial and temporal expression of the genes encoding ligand‐binding α subunits (α1–α4) and the structural β subunit leads to the formation of various GlyR isoforms. Currently, the idea of the GlyRs containing the “adult” α1 subunit replacing those with the “neonatal” α2 subunit during early postnatal development predominates. Here, we describe the patterns of expression of the GlyR α1 and α2 subunit genes in the rat auditory brainstem between postnatal day (P) 0 and P20, by using both nonradioactive and radioactive in situ hybridization. We show that the α1 subunit mRNA appears throughout the auditory brainstem during the first 8 postnatal days, which resembles the time of onset described within the spinal cord. In the rostral auditory nuclei (nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus), the α1 subunit transcript appears later (P8) than in the caudal nuclei (cochlear nuclear complex and superior olivary complex; P0). Surprisingly, we found that low levels of the α2 subunit transcript are present in the auditory brainstem at birth and persist throughout the period analyzed. However, α2 subunit mRNA is present at high levels in other neonatal brainstem structures, such as cranial motor nuclei. Therefore, we conclude that the changes in GlyR composition in the auditory brainstem deviate from the classic α2 to α1 subunit switch observed in spinal cord. Our data suggest that genes for other GlyR subunits (e.g., α3 and α4) may be expressed during early development in the auditory brainstem. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:336–352, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Γ‐convergence result for the two‐gradient theory of phase transitions
Authors: Conti Sergio , Fonseca Irene , Leoni Giovanni 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe generalization to gradient vector fields of the classical double‐well, singularly perturbed functionals,whereW(ξ) = 0 if and only if ξ =Aor ξ =B, andA−Bis a rank‐1 matrix, is considered. Under suitable constitutive and growth hypotheses onW, it is shown thatIεΓ‐converge towhereK*is the (constant) interfacial energy per unit area. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectra of positive and negative energies in the linearized NLS problem
Authors: Cuccagna S. , Pelinovsky D. , Vougalter V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe study the spectrum of the linearized NLS equation in three dimensions in association with the energy spectrum. We prove that unstable eigenvalues of the linearized NLS problem are related to negative eigenvalues of the energy spectrum, while neutrally stable eigenvalues may have both positive and negative energies. The nonsingular part of the neutrally stable essential spectrum is always related to the positive energy spectrum. We derive bounds on the number of unstable eigenvalues of the linearized NLS problem and study bifurcations of embedded eigenvalues of positive and negative energies. We develop the L2‐scattering theory for the linearized NLS operators and recover results of Grillakis [5] with a Fermi golden rule. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aspiration biopsy of nodular sarcoidosis of the muscle
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuji , Nagira Keiko , Akisue Toshihiro , Marui Takashi , Hitora Toshiaki , Nakatani Tetsuya , Kurosaka Masahiro , Tsukamoto Ryuko 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe nodular form of muscular sarcoidosis is rare and the condition is often confused with a soft tissue neoplasm. We present a case of nodular muscular sarcoidosis of the right calf in a 52‐yr‐old woman which was diagnosed by thin‐needle aspiration biopsy (TNAB). In this patient, a calf mass was the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomographic scans of the calf showed a mass with peripheral ring‐like enhancement. T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images demonstrated a mass with central hypointensity and marked peripheral hyperintensity. TNAB revealed noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas in association with multinucleated giant cells. Combined with the radiologic findings, TNAB is considered a useful modality for the diagnosis of nodular muscular sarcoidosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:109–112; DOI 10.1002/dc.10055 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, small cell variant with prominent plasmacytoid features: Case report
Authors: Gatter Ken M. , Rader Anne , Braziel Rita M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), according to the new WHO classification, is a diagnosis limited to T/NK cell lymphomas. We present a case that demonstrates a new morphologic variant of ALCL with significant possible pitfalls for the cytopathologist. A fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of a cervical lymph node showed a cellular aspiration comprised of medium‐sized plasmacytoid cells in a discohesive and focally loosely cohesive pattern. The cytologic diagnosis confirmed the presence of malignancy and noted the prominent plasmacytoid features. An accompanying comment favored melanoma and included a broad differential. No cell block was available for immunohistochemical stains. Immunophenotyping of the subsequent excisional node biopsy showed an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive ALCL. This case illustrates a new variant of ALCL. Although ALCL variants, such as small cell and lymphohistiocytic, are well recognized, the plasmacytoid features are an additional potential source for misdiagnosis. This case report shows that a cytopathologist should include ALK‐positive ALCL in the differential diagnosis of plasmacytoid proliferations cell because of the clinical importance of the ALK‐positive ALCL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:113–116; DOI 10.1002/dc.10056 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A design method of beam tilting antenna with multiple reactive loadings
Authors: Tanaka Takayuki , Sakitani Akihide , Egashira Shigeru , Aikawa Masayoshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor the cellular systems used in portable telephones, down beam tilting is required from base station antennas. The authors have reported a design method of wire antennas with one or two loads for deriving the loading impedances to realize the tilt angle and directive gain provided as a condition. In the present paper, a method of design of a beam tilting antenna with more than three loads for better characteristics is discussed. In such a loaded wire antenna, determination of the locations for the loads and the antenna length is important. This paper proposes a method of determining the locations of the loads and the antenna length. In addition, by including a previously reported method of determining the loading impedance, a design method that achieves the desired tilt angle and high gain with suppressed sidelobes is presented. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(5): 1–10, 2002
Analysis of induced current density in grounded and ungrounded prolate spheroid models in concurrent ELF electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Chiba Atsuo , Hayashi Noriyuki , Isaka Katsuo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnalyzed in this paper is the induced current density in the homogeneous prolate spheroid model of a biological object exposed to concurrent 60‐Hz vertical electrical field (1 kV/m), and horizontal and vertical magnetic fields (1 to 5 μT) with different phase angle. The analysis has been carried out separately considering the presence of electric and magnetic fields. The current density induced by the electric field is calculated using the finite element method, whereas the current density induced by the magnetic fields is calculated with exact solution for the prolate spheriod model. The total induced current density is the vector sum of the current density components induced by the electric and magnetic fields. It is found that the density of the total current is determined by the vertical electric field and horizontal magnetic field. The horizontal magnetic field has an important effect on the total induced current density distribution. The distribution of the density of the total current varies with the phase difference between the vertical electric and horizontal magnetic fields. As the model gets close to the ground, however, the contribution of the horizontal magnetic field to the total induced current density is found to decrease. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(3): 8–15, 2001
Operating tests with a 6.6‐kV reduced model of rectifying‐type fault current limiter system
Authors: Ohkuma Takeshi , Sato Yoshibumi , Iwata Yoshihiro , Tokuda Noriaki , Matubara Yoshio , Asano Masakuni 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFault current limiters (FCL) are extensively needed to suppress fault currents, particularly for trunk power systems heavily connected to high‐voltage transmission lines, such as the 500‐kV‐class power system which constitutes the nucleus of the electric power system.In this paper, we propose a new FCL system, consisting of solid‐state diodes, a dc coil, and a bypass ac coil, and describe the specifications of the trunk electric power system and the 6.6‐kV reduction model.Also we propose a 6.6‐kV trial model and describe an efficiency test with a short circuit generator, which we have trial produced for the new FCL system. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(3): 29–36, 2001
The effect of nozzle load resistance and stagnation gas pressure on the performance of a disk MHD generator with small area ratio
Authors: Masuda Junji , Torii Syunsuke , Tutsumi Masashi , Oda Noritaka , Okuno Yoshihiro , Yamasaki Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn experimental study on performance of a disk MHD generator was carried out using a shock‐tube driven facility. Effects of nozzle load resistance and stagnation gas pressure on the enthalpy extraction, the total pressure ratio, and the adiabatic efficiency were investigated for a disk MHD generator with a small area ratio. The enthalpy extraction and the adiabatic efficiency were found to be affected by the nozzle load resistance. The results suggest that the nozzle load resistance should be kept high for high performance of the disk MHD generator with small area ratio. Furthermore, an increase of stagnation pressure resulted in a slight increase of enthalpy extraction. However, the increase of stagnation pressure led to a remarkable increase of adiabatic efficiency. The increase of the adiabatic efficiency was due to an increase of the total pressure ratio. The effects of the electrical efficiency, the Mach number, and loss parameters for heat and friction on the total pressure ratio are discussed. The discussion suggests that the increase of total pressure ratio is due to a relative decrease of pressure loss due to wall friction. In addition, the highest adiabatic efficiency for cesium‐seeded argon was achieved in the present experiment without the introduction of inlet swirl. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(3): 37–46, 2001