bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submucous Cleft Palate: A Grading System and Review of 40 Consecutive Submucous Cleft Palate Repairs
Authors: Sommerlad Brian C. , Fenn Christopher , Harland Kim , Sell Debbie , Birch Malcolm J. , Dave Rupa , Lees Melissa , Barnett Adrian 
Published: June 2004

Objective This study was designed to determine whether velar surgery was worthwhile for submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and evaluate whether results were dependent on the degree of the anatomical abnormality. Design A prospective study of a consecutive series of patients fulfilling the entry criteria, assessed blindly from records arranged randomly. Patients Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with SMCP and operated on by a single surgeon between June 1991 and April 1997 were reviewed. Forty patients fulfilled the entry criteria. Minimum follow-up was 6 years. Interventions Radical reconstruction of the soft palate musculature was performed by one surgeon using the operating microscope. A scoring system was devised for grading the anatomical severity of submucous cleft (SMCP score). Main Outcome Measures Postoperative hypernasality and nasal emission scores and the degrees of improvement were considered the primary outcome measures, and the degree of velopharyngeal closure was also assessed. Results There were highly significant improvements in hypernasality, nasal emission, and velopharyngeal closure. A preoperative gap size of more than 13 mm was associated with less satisfactory outcomes, but gap size was not predictive of improvement. Severity of the SMCP did not correlate with the degree of preoperative speech abnormality but was a significant predictor of outcome of surgery, with the less severe (total SMCP score of 0 to 3) having less satisfactory end results and lesser degrees of improvement. Patients with less abnormal muscle anatomy had lesser degrees of improvement. Conclusion Repair of the muscle abnormality in SMCP is recommended as the first line of treatment in most cases.
Craniofacial Morphology in an Unusual Case with Nasal Aplasia Studied by Roentgencephalometry and Three-Dimensional CT Scanning
Authors: Kitai Noriyuki , Iguchi Yoshitaka , Takashima Mariko , Murakami Shumei , Kreiborg Sven , Kamiji Takashi , Takada Kenji 
Published: June 2004

Objective To examine the three-dimensional morphology of internal structures of the craniofacial region and present the orthodontic problems in an unusual case with nasal aplasia. Patient The patient was an 11.5-year-old boy with aplasia of the nose and nasal cavity with extremely constricted nasopharyngeal airway. He did not have mental or somatic retardation. The patient had dacryostenosis. The morphology of the craniofacial structures was characterized by absence of septal structures, including cribriform plate, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage; bony hypotelorism; midface hypoplasia; short and retrognathic maxilla with Class III jaw relationship; average mandibular plane angle; high arched palate; severe anterior open bite with bilateral posterior crossbites; and dental anomalies (agenesis of four maxillary permanent teeth, microdontia, taurodontism, and short roots). Thus, the patient had characteristic dentofacial phenotype, which might be caused by a combination of the primary anomaly and the functional disturbances secondary to the nasal obstruction.
Birth Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Sucre, Bolivia
Authors: McLeod Niall M. H. , Urioste Marcelo L. Arana , Saeed Nadeem R. 
Published: June 2004

Objective To determine the birth prevalence of cleft lip and palate (CL ± P) in the municipality of Sucre, Bolivia. To ascertain whether the birth prevalence in this region differs significantly from birth prevalence reported in similar populations and other racial groups. Results Twenty-eight clefts were identified among 22,746 live births between the years 1995 and 2001 in three maternity hospitals in the city. The total birth prevalence of CL ± P was 1.23/1000 live births per year. There were 12 clefts of the lip alone (birth prevalence 0.53/1000 per year), 15 cleft lip and palate (0.66/1000 per year), and one cleft palate only (0.04/1000 per year). Conclusions The birth prevalence was not significantly different from birth prevalence published previously in South American populations, although it is lower than previously published data from Bolivia. The birth prevalence of CL ± P in this South American population was similar to published data in white subjects and between those found in black and oriental groups. The sex ratio and birth prevalence of simultaneous congenital malformations also did not differ from previously published figures.
Cleft Palate Repair in Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita: Minimizing the Risk of Cervical Cord Compression
Authors: Tofield Christopher E. , Mackinnon Craig A. 
Published: June 2004

Objective Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) is a rare, inheritable condition that can include dwarfism, cleft palate, and C1–2 instability. When repairing a cleft palate in a patient with SEDC, there is a significant risk of cord compression at the C1–2 level because of neck hyperextension required for the operation. This reports presents a patient with SEDC who underwent surgery for a cleft palate, using a Ferno vacuum splint to immobilize the spine. Intervention The patient underwent general anesthesia. Good access was gained to the palate, and it was repaired without any complications. Particular attention was paid to maintaining the neck in a neutral position. Conclusions The described technique provides the patient with the safest possible situation during anesthesia for cleft palate repair.
Longitudinal Craniofacial Growth Patterns in Patients with Orofacial Clefts: Geometric Morphometrics
Authors: Singh G. D. , Rivera-Robles Jasmin , de Jesus-Vinas Jaime 
Published: June 2004

Objective To demonstrate craniofacial developmental patterns in repaired cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP). Design Retrospective, longitudinal. Setting Center for Craniofacial Disorders, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Sample Males aged 9 to 17 years: 13 noncleft (NC) Class I occlusion (NCC1); 13 NC Class III malocclusion (NCC3); 12 CLP Class I occlusion (CLPC1); and 15 CLP Class III malocclusion (CLPC3). Main Outcome Measures Form changes (ages 10, 13, and 16 years), using finite-element scaling analysis. Results NCC1, 10 to 13 interval: 30% size increase in upper midface (p < .05), mental region (p < .01), mandibular body (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 10% to 35% size increase in bimaxillary region and ramus (p < .01). NCC3, 10 to 13 interval: 10% to 40% size increase in posterior cranial base, upper midface, and mandible (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 10% to 30% size increase in bimaxillary region (p < .01), especially ramus. CLPC1, 10 to 13 interval: 10% to 15% size increase in posterior cranial base (p < .01), midface (p < .05), and mandibular ramus (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 8% to 20% size increase in upper midface (p < .01), lower midface (p < .05), and mandible (p < .05). CLPC3, 10 to 13 interval: no significant changes; 13 to 16 interval: upper midface and cranial base show nonsignificant size decreases, but ramus showed size increase. Conclusions Noncleft and CLP Class 1 occlusion groups show similar craniofacial growth patterns. Noncleft Class III groups show excessive cranial and mandibular growth. Class III malocclusion in CLP patients is associated with clinically deficient craniomaxillary growth. Growth guidance may be indicated in children with CLP with unfavorable craniofacial growth patterns.
Reasons for Late Presentation of Cleft Deformity in Nepal
Authors: Schwarz Richard , Bhai Khadka Sanu 
Published: June 2004

Objective To determine the causes of late presentation of patients with cleft lip and palate in Nepal. Design Cross-sectional survey using interviews of patients’ parents. Setting The study was carried out between April 1999 and September 1999 in Western Regional Hospital (WRH), Pokhara, Nepal, a secondary care center. Patients All patients with cleft lip and palate coming to WRH outpatient department or coming for surgery were included in the study. Those without parents were excluded. A total of 53 patients were included. Results Forty-two (79%) presented after 3 months. The most common reasons were lack of knowledge of availability of repair (31%), lack of accessibility of care (29%), and lack of finances (24%). Conclusions In Nepal, the majority of patients with cleft present late, mainly because of a lack of awareness of cleft services, the remoteness of available services, or a lack of finances. These obstacles can be largely surmounted through itinerant services.
Topology-Optimized Splints vs Casts for Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Ma Honghong , Ruan Beite , Li Jian , Zhang Jiahui , Wu Changgui , Tian Hao , Zhao Yichen , Feng Debing , Yan Wei , Xi Xiaobing 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceTo date, there is currently no evidence-based medical support for the efficacy of topology-optimized splints in treating distal radius fractures.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical efficacy and complication rates of topology-optimized splints in the treatment of distal radius fractures after closed manual reduction.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 12-week, multicenter, open-label, analyst-blinded randomized clinical trial (comprising a 6-week intervention followed by a 6-week observational phase) was carried out from December 3, 2021, to March 10, 2023, among 110 participants with distal radius fractures. Statistical analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis between June 3 and 30, 2023.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the intervention group received topology-optimized splint immobilization and the control group received cast immobilization after closed manual reduction for 6weeks. After this period, immobilization was removed, and wrist rehabilitation activities commenced.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the Gartland-Werley (G-W) wrist score at 6 weeks (where higher scores indicate more severe wrist dysfunction). Secondary outcomes encompassed radiographic parameters, visual analog scale scores, swelling degree grade, complication rates, and 3 dimensions of G-W wrist scores.ResultsA total of 110 patients (mean [SD] age, 64.1 [12.7] years; 89 women [81%]) enrolled in the clinical trial, and complete outcome measurements were obtained for 101 patients (92%). Median G-W scores at 6 weeks were 15 (IQR, 13-18) for the splint group and 17 (IQR, 13-18) for the cast group (mean difference, −2.0 [95% CI, −3.4 to −0.6]; P = .03), indicating a statistically significant advantage for the splint group. At 12 weeks, no clinically significant differences in G-W scores between the 2 groups were observed. Complication rates, including shoulder-elbow pain and dysfunction and skin irritation, were less common in the splint group (shoulder-elbow pain and dysfunction: risk ratio, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.08-0.93]; P = .03; skin irritation: risk ratio, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.10-0.89]; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings of this randomized clinical trial suggest that patients with distal radius fractures that were managed with topology-optimized splints had better wrist functional outcomes and fewer complications at 6 weeks compared with those who received casting, with no difference at week 12. Therefore, topology-optimized splints with improved performance have the potential to be an advisable approach in the management of distal radius fractures.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000036480
Analysis of respiratory‐induced motion trajectories of individual liver segments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Takemasa Kimihiro , Ikeda Tomohiro , Sakagami Hisanori , Kato Ryohei , Narita Yuki , Oyama Sho , Komori Shinya , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Murakami Masao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the respiratory‐induced motion trajectories of each liver segment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to derive a more accurate internal margin and optimize treatment protocol selection.Materials and MethodsTen‐phase‐gated four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans of 14 patients with HCC were analyzed. For each patient, eight representative regions of interest (ROI) were delineated on each liver segment in all 10 phases. The coordinates of the center of gravity of each ROI were obtained for each phase, and then the respiratory motion in the left–right (LR), anteroposterior (AP), and craniocaudal (CC) directions was analyzed. Two sets of motion in each direction were also compared in terms of only two extreme phases and all 10 phases.ResultsMotion of less than 5 mm was detected in 12 (86%) and 10 patients (71%) in the LR and AP directions, respectively, while none in the CC direction. Motion was largest in the CC direction with a maximal value of 19.5 mm, with significant differences between liver segment 7 (S7) and other segments: S1 (p < 0.036), S2 (p < 0.041), S3 (p < 0.016), S4 (p < 0.041), and S5 (p < 0.027). Of the 112 segments, hysteresis >1 mm was observed in 4 (4%), 2 (2%), and 15 (13%) in the LR, AP, and CC directions, respectively, with a maximal value of 5.0 mm in the CC direction.ConclusionA significant amount of respiratory motion was detected in the CC direction, especially in S7, and S8. Despite the small effect of hysteresis, it can be observed specifically in the right lobe. Therefore, caution is required when using 4DCT to determine IM using only end‐inspiration and end‐expiration. Understanding the respiratory motion in individual liver segments can be helpful when selecting an appropriate treatment protocol.
Fatigue predicts quality of life after leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1‐antibody encephalitis
Authors: Binks Sophie N. M. , Veldsman Michele , Handel Adam E. , Jacob Saiju , Maddison Paul , Coebergh Jan , Michael Sophia , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Easton Ava , Nissen Mette Scheller , Leite Maria Isabel , Okai David , Blaabjerg Morten , Husain Masud , Irani Sarosh R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPatient‐reported quality‐of‐life (QoL) and carer impacts are not reported after leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1‐antibody encephalitis (LGI1‐Ab‐E). From 60 patients, 85% (51 out of 60) showed one abnormal score across QoL assessments and 11 multimodal validated questionnaires. Compared to the premorbid state, QoL significantly deteriorated (p < 0.001) and, at a median of 41 months, fatigue was its most important predictor (p = 0.025). In total, 51% (26 out of 51) of carers reported significant burden. An abbreviated five‐item battery explained most variance in QoL. Wide‐ranging impacts post‐LGI1‐Ab‐E include decreased QoL and high caregiver strain. We identify a rapid method to capture QoL in routine clinic or clinical trial settings.
Synergistic Effect of Anodic Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Interfaces for Long Cycle Life Aqueous Aluminum–Zinc Hybrid Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Cheng , Wang Zhilong , Gao Jing , Li Jinjin , Wei Liangming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous aluminum ion batteries (AAIBs) have drawn considerable attention due to their intrinsic safety, cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness, and high theoretical capacity of aluminum. Currently, suitable anode materials are crucial for the development of high‐performance AAIBs. For the first time, a hydrophilic (ZnCr2O4) and hydrophobic (PVDF) layer modified zinc anode paired with an aluminum‐based aqueous electrolyte to construct a high‐performance aluminum–zinc hybrid ion battery. The Hydrophilic ZnCr2O4 layer of anode endows the battery with low polarization by boosting the pre‐desolvation and deposition kinetics of aluminum/zinc ions. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic PVDF layer suppresses water‐induced corrosion of the anode. The synergistic effect of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers of the anode stimulates the battery to exhibit unprecedented cycle life (> 6000 cycles) and considerable discharge capacity (280 mAh g−1), compared to the batteries proposed in previous works paired with aluminum alloy anodes and aluminum‐based aqueous electrolytes. This novel anode provides powerful backing for the development of long‐life and high‐capacity aqueous polyvalent ion batteries due to its low cost and simple fabrication process.
The oxidation of d‐galactose into mucic acid (galactaric acid): experimental and computational insights towards a bio‐based platform chemical
Authors: Pasquale Andrea , Chiacchio Maria Assunta , Acciaretti Federico , Della Pergola Roberto , Legnani Laura , Cipolla Laura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAldaric acids are becoming valuable platform chemicals in bioeconomy and circular economy approaches. Among them, mucic acid (meso‐galactaric acid) is gaining industrial attention as a bio‐based precursor of adipic acid found in polyamides, and of 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid, a valuable substitute for terephthalic acid in polyesters. A combination of detailed experimental protocols and conditions with DFT computational calculations for the synthesis of mucic acid from galactose are herein described. The product is obtained by reaction with diluted aqueous nitric acid as the oxidizing agent and the reaction medium. Optimized reaction conditions require 5 M nitric acid, 95 °C, galactose/HNO3 molar ratio 1 : 9, 100 g/L galactose concentration in the reaction medium. Computational calculations suggest that the oxidation mechanism may involve a contextual oxygen protonation and nitrate nucleophilic attack, leading to the oxidized product. The proposed mechanism requires a stoichiometry of 6 moles of nitric acid per galactose mole, albeit both experimental and computational data evidence that proton excess may be necessary to start the reaction. The reported study gives useful insights for the production of galactaric acid.
Nano boron nitride laminated poly(ethyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films imprinted with silver nanoparticles as gas barrier and bacteria resistant packaging materials
Authors: Behera Jayaprakash , Patra Swapnita , Nazrul Shaikh , Sharma Satendra Kumar , Kumar Deepak , Verma Mahendra Kumar , Katare Anil Kumar , Swain Sarat K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, nano boron nitride (BN) laminated poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite films are fabricated by using a simple in situ polymerization technique with incorporation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Structural investigations of PEMA/PVA/Ag@BN nanocomposite thin films are carried out by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X‐ray diffraction analysis, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The change in morphology of PEMA/PVA matrix due to the reinforcement of BN platelets are identified by electron microscopic studies. The unique tortuous paths are achieved by the dispersion of BN platelets by which gas penetration is restricted with enhancing the barrier properties of the material by 6.5 folds at 5 wt% BN content as compared with neat PEMA/PVA. Acid and alkali resistant along with biodegradability behavior of as‐synthesized nanocomposites are studied. From limiting oxygen index (LOI) results, it is found that the prepared materials are fire retardant in nature owing to effective reinforcement of BN layers. Antibacterial activities of PEMA/PVA/Ag@BN nanocomposite are studied by Xanthomonas citri or axonopodis pv. Citri, Escherichia coli, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae because of Ag NPs reinforcement. The substantial improvements in gas barrier, fire retardant, and antibacterial properties enable the materials for packaging application.
The Ushnus in the astronomy of the Inca culture
Authors: Gamarra Milton Rojas , Estrázulas Mônica Baptista Pereira , Gullberg Steven R. , Zen Vasconcellos César A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInferences are made about the relationship that existed between the Ushnus, pyramid‐shaped, terraced structures used by the Incas in the most important ceremonies of the Tawantinsuyo, and Inka Astronomy. We draw attention to Ayni, Kawsaypacha, Duality, and Tinkuy principles, multidimensional codes of conduct and wisdom that are at the root of the Andean cosmovision and on their perception of the world and the Cosmos. These principles, examined as postulates, allow to elaborate axiomatic propositions to identify the Ushnus with ancient Astronomy practices. In a complementary statement, starting from a bi‐conditional proposition, we may infer through reciprocal corollaries that the Inka earliest roots to a holistic learning and educational ambient in the Tawantinsuyo was not elitist, instead it was based on a epistemological construct that differs from the corresponding Western educational ambients. An epistemological and cognitive approach allows to identify an ancient elaborate process of knowledge construction, based on the four fundamental principles, corresponding to different levels of assimilation and comprehension. As a complementary aspect, we identify some of the most preserved Ushnus of the Inka “Empire.” Then we complement this contribution with a broader interpretation for the Ushnus.
Astrophysical approach to search for heavy neutrino decay
Authors: Sinitsyna Vera G. , Sinitsyna Vera Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCosmic rays are a very valuable tool of multi‐messenger astrophysics, as they provide a very different picture of the sky. During the past decades, a large number of active astrophysical objects in our Galaxy and beyond have been discovered through the detection of gamma‐rays with Cherenkov telescopes. Cosmic rays, neutrinos have been successfully supplementing the astronomical view. Also, cosmic rays may offer to investigation of the elementary particle properties. Neutrino telescope detects the Cherenkov radiation generated in water or ice by the passage of relativistic charged particles produced by neutrino collisions with nucleons in the detector volume. Some alternative approaches have been proposed. One of them is using earth matter or mountains as a target volume for the conversion of neutrinos to leptons which then initiate extensive air showers (EAS) in the atmosphere, then showers can be detected by the Cherenkov telescope. Investigations with SHALON Cherenkov telescope have included observations of EAS from the sub‐horizontal direction . Five EAS of ∼10 TeV energies were detected with SHALON from the sub‐horizontal directions in the conditions with the zero expected number of showers. These events may be caused by the decay of a long‐lived penetrating particle entering the atmosphere from the ground and decaying in front of the telescope. As a possible explanation, two scenarios with an unstable neutrino of mass GeV and m is discussed. Remarkably, one of these models has been proposed to explain an excess of electron‐like neutrino events at MiniBooNE.
α‐Silylated Diazoalkynes: New Tools for Bioconjugation of Proteins
Authors: Zhao Tuan , Sachon Emmanuelle , Micouin Laurent , Piccardi Riccardo 
Published: February 2024

Abstractα‐Silylated diazoalkynes are stabilized diazo compounds that can selectively react with carboxylic residues in buffered aqueous media. In‐situ fluoride induced desilylation increases this reactivity, leading to a very fast reaction. Application to the selective functionalization of RNase A, followed by post‐functionalization using click chemistry, is described. These new reagents expand the toolbox for native protein modification at carboxylic residues.