bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping and problem solving of self‐mutilators*
Authors: Haines Janet , Williams Christopher L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPeople who self‐mutilate have been hypothesized to have deficient skills in coping and problem‐solving that leave them vulnerable to the adoption of self‐mutilation as a coping strategy. This hypothesis was tested using male incarcerated self‐mutilators with comparisons being made with non‐mutilating, prisoner, and non‐prisoner control groups. Examination of the inherent resources which enable an individual to effectively cope with stress demonstrated a depressed score for self‐mutilators on the scale measuring self‐worth and optimism about life. Assessment of the strategies used to cope with real problems demonstrated that self‐mutilators engage in more problem avoidance behaviors. Self‐mutilators also recorded less perceived control over problem‐solving options. The results are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of self‐mutilation as a coping strategy and the need to adopt a multidimensional approach to the investigation of coping. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Stressful events, appraisal, coping and recurrent headache*
Authors: Marlowe Nicholas 
Published: September 2003

AbstractOne hundred fourteen headache sufferers recorded their headaches, stressful events, appraisal processes, and coping responses over a 28 day period. Stressful events were found to precede headache attacks more often than periods of headache freedom. Primary appraisals (how much the event mattered), levels of affective regulation coping and ratings of emotional upset were all higher for stressful events that were not associated with subsequent headache. Stressful events occurring during headache were followed by increases in the intensity of the attack. In such instances, avoidance coping was associated with higher ratings of headache intensity following the event and direct coping with lower post‐event ratings. It was concluded that stressful events may be causally related to headache and that the ways in which headache sufferers respond to these events may also have implications for the onset and intensity of attacks. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Depersonalization, fantasies, and coping behavior in clinical context*
Authors: Wolfradt Uwe , Engelmann Stefanie 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between specific dissociative experiences (depersonalization, fantasies) and self‐reported coping behavior in a clinical (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia) and nonclinical sample (normal adults). Dissociative experiences were assessed with the Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation (QED) of Riley (1988) and coping behavior with the Stress‐Process Questionnaire (SPQ; Janke, Erdmann, & Boucsein, 1985). A factor analysis of the QED items revealed a two‐factor extraction: Factor 1 “depersonalization” and Factor 2 “fantasies/daydreams.” The clinical group scored higher on the QED factor “depersonalization” and had more passive forms of coping behavior (resignation, social isolation, self‐compassion, self‐blame) than the normal adults. Similar correlation patterns were found for both groups: The QED factor “depersonalization” correlated highly with the coping behaviors “resignation,” “social isolation,” “self‐blame,” “self‐compassion,” and “rumination.” No correlation between Factor 2 “fantasies/daydreams” and the coping behavior was found. Finally, correlations between depersonalization, trait anxiety, and personal need for structure were reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Coping style of substance‐abuse patients: Effects of anxiety and mood disorders on coping change*
Authors: Franken Ingmar H.A. , Hendriks Vincent M. , Haffmans P.M. Judith , van der Meer Chris W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe authors studied the coping style of substance‐abuse patients during clinical cognitive‐behavioral group therapy, and the effects of mood and anxiety disorders on changes in coping style. Change in coping style was studied prospectively in a cohort of 132 residential‐drug‐abuse patients. In addition to pretreatment assessments, which included diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders and addiction severity, repeated measurements of coping style were performed at predetoxification, pretreatment, and after three and six months of treatment. Considerable change in coping style between predetoxification and pretreatment was found, suggesting that coping assessment in a predetoxification phase is confounded by state factors surrounding treatment entry. Coping style of detoxified substance abusers is related to the presence of mood and anxiety disorders. Coping style was not found to be related to the severity of drug abuse. Furthermore, maladaptive coping styles decreased after three months of inpatient‐substance‐abuse treatment, and more‐adaptive coping styles remained stable for another three months of inpatient treatment. Patients with an anxiety disorder improved less on coping style when compared to non‐anxiety patients. Presence of a mood disorder had no impact on coping‐style improvement. The results indicate that more attention should be focused on anxiety disorders during substance‐abuse treatment in order to improve coping style. Furthermore, more studies are needed on the relation between substance abuse, coping style, and psychopathology. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Coping, meaning in life, and suicidal manifestations: Examining gender differences*
Authors: Edwards Melanie J. , Holden Ronald R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractLife meaning and coping strategies were investigated as statistical predictors of suicidal manifestations in a sample of 298 university undergraduates. Participants completed measures of hopelessness, sense of coherence, purpose in life, coping for stressful situations, suicide ideation, prior suicide attempts, and self‐reported likelihood of future suicidal behavior. Moderated multiple regression techniques examined the incremental validity of life meaning by coping interactions for predicting each suicide variable separately by gender. The interaction of sense of coherence and emotion‐oriented coping made a unique, significant contribution to the statistical prediction of all suicide variables for women. For men, the interaction between sense of coherence and emotion‐oriented coping contributed significantly to the statistical prediction of suicide ideation. All interactions remained significant when hopelessness was statistically controlled. The hypothesis that life meaning acts as a buffer between coping style and suicidal manifestations was partially supported. Implications for suicide prevention and intervention are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Coping, treatment planning, and treatment outcome: Discussion
Authors: Beutler Larry E. , Moos Rudolf H. , Lane Geoffrey 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe articles presented in this issue are discussed within the context of the general literature on coping and coping style. The focus of this special issue was to determine if these articles are both consistent with extant research and advance the field. We identify at least two general definitions of coping, as used in these articles. We refer to one definition as reflecting one's “coping style.” This is largely a descriptive concept and closely related to one's enduring behavioral traits. It is closely related to other personality characteristics such as introversion–extroversion, stability, etc. The other definition of “coping” in the literature is much more specific to stressful environments and to the changes noted in one's behavior and cognitions during times of stress, than the first definition. We refer to this broad stress response as one's “coping response.” Coping response, unlike coping style, includes both a cognitive and an affective component. We conclude that it may be advantageous to differentiate between these two broad definitions in future research. We also conclude that the articles in this issue provide information that advances the field's understanding of coping styles and coping responses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol, 2003.
Anatomy and functions of brain neurosecretory cells in diptera
Authors: Siga Sakiko 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the larval brain of dipteran insects, there are two medial and three lateral groups of neurons innervating the ring gland. One lateral group extends fibers to the corpus allatum. After metamorphosis, a large cluster of the medial group in the pars intercerebralis and two lateral groups in the pars lateralis innervate the retrocerebral complex and some neurons from the lateral group and a few from the medial group extend fibers to the corpus allatum in the adults. Neuropeptides such as insulin‐like peptides, FMRFamide related peptides, Locusta‐diuretic hormone, β‐pigment dispersing hormone, Manduca sexta‐allatostatin, ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone, and proctolin have been immunocytochemically revealed in medial groups in the pars intercerebralis, and FMRFamide related peptides, β‐pigment dispersing hormone, corazonin, and M. sexta‐allatostatin in lateral groups in the pars lateralis of dipteran brains. In mosquitoes after the blood meal, ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone from 2–3 pairs of medial neurosecretory cells is released at the corpus cardiacum to stimulate the ovaries to secrete ecdysteroid to cause ovarian development. In addition to ovarian development, removal and implantation experiments have shown that neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis and pars lateralis are involved in control of reproductive diapause, cuticular tanning, sugar metabolism, and diures. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:114–131, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel subtype of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus genotype 1 detected uniquely in patients with hemophilia in Japan
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Fu , Teng Ching‐Wen , Fukuda Yoshihide , Nakano Isao , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Takamatsu Junki , Goubau Patrick , Toyoda Hidenori 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGB virus C (GBV‐C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV) has been transmitted to Japanese patients with hemophilia through the frequent use of unheated blood products. Sequence analysis showed that most of the viruses isolated from these patients belonged to GBV‐C/HGV genotype 1, which is usually found in persons from Africa. This may point to the origin of this virus in Japanese patients with hemophilia. The phylogeny of 11 GBV‐C/HGV isolates from Japanese patients with hemophilia was investigated by a detailed analysis with a fragment spanning from the 5′ non‐coding region to part of the E1 gene. Except for one that belonged to the genotype 3 cluster, all isolates were GBV‐C/HGV type 1. Five main clades exist within the GBV‐C/HGV genotype 1 sequences. These isolates are grouped in 2 defined clades. Three of the isolates are clustered in subtype 1c clade whereas the other 7 strains formed a new statistically well‐supported monophyletic group (named subtype 1e). Our results suggest that GBV‐C/HGV type 1 can at present be classified into at least 5 clades and in this group a majority of Japanese patients with hemophilia was infected with a GBV‐C/HGV of a unique and newly described subtype within genotype 1. J. Med. Virol. 71:385–390, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of HBV DNA level and HBeAg titer in hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers and their babies: HBeAg passage through the placenta and the rate of decay in babies
Authors: Wang Zhanhui , Zhang Jin , Yang Hong , Li Xiuhui , Wen Shujuan , Guo Yabing , Sun Jian , Hou Jinlin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt is well documented that perinatal transmission is the major cause of chronic HBV infection in China. However, the mechanisms of HBV perinatal transmission are not defined clearly. It is not known whether hepatitis B e antigen can cross the human placenta, and the rate of HBeAg decay in babies with and without HBV breakthrough has not been studied. In this study, HBV serological markers were investigated in 95 hepatitis B surface antigen positive pregnant women. These markers were also studied in the babies at birth and at the age of 6 months and 12 months. The data show that 7.4% (7/95) children were infected with HBV during the first year after birth despite receiving passive‐active immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. The surface gene fragment of HBV DNA was cloned and sequenced following PCR amplification in 7 cases of HBsAg positive babies and their mothers. All babies had the same sequences as their mothers, although two babies also had sequences that would produce an amino acid substitution within the “a” determinant. Furthermore, we measured HBeAg titers and HBV DNA levels by using Abbott AxSYM system and LightCycler‐based real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR in 54 mother‐infant pairs. Thirty‐three mothers were HBeAg positive, and 21 mothers were HBeAg negative. Seventy percent (23/33) of neonates from HBeAg‐positive mothers were HBeAg positive at birth compared with 0% (0/21) of neonates from HBeAg negative mothers. HBeAg was present at higher titer in the birth sera of the babies with HBV breakthrough than in babies without breakthrough. HBeAg was cleared from the serum in all 19 babies without breakthrough. In 17 of these 19 babies, the HBeAg was cleared within 6 months, and in two babies clearance took 12 months. The mean serum HBV DNA level in the mothers of the 4 infants with HBV breakthrough was significantly higher than in the mothers of babies who did not become infected. In conclusion, this data suggests that HBeAg can cross the human placenta, and disappears from serum within 6 months in most babies. HBV DNA levels in hepatitis B carrier mothers are associated with the failure of HBIG and vaccine immunization, and the additional influence of transmitted HBeAg cannot be excluded. J. Med. Virol. 71:360–366, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actin filaments participate in West Nile (Sarafend) virus maturation process
Authors: Chu J.J.H. , Choo B.G.H. , Lee J.W.M. , Ng M.L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWest Nile (Sarafend) virus has previously been shown to egress by budding at the plasma membrane of infected cells, but relatively little is known about the mechanism involved in this mode of release. During the course of this study, it was discovered that actin filaments take part in the virus maturation process. Using dual‐labeled immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy at late infection (10 hr p.i.), co‐localization of viral structural (envelope and capsid) proteins with actin filaments was confirmed. The virus structural proteins were also immunoprecipitated with anti‐actin antibody, further demonstrating the strong association between the two components. Perturbation of actin filaments by cytochalasin B strongly inhibited the release of West Nile virus (∼10,000‐fold inhibition) when compared with the untreated cells. Infectious virus particles were recovered after the removal of cytochalasin B. Further confirmation was obtained when nucleocapsid particles were found associated with disrupted actin filaments at the periphery of cytochalasin B‐treated cells. Together, these results showed that actin filaments do indeed have a key role in the release of West Nile (Sarafend) virions. J. Med. Virol. 71:463–472, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variation of glycoproteins B and H of human herpesvirus 7 in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Paul K.S. , Li Chi‐Kong , Chik Ki‐Wai , Shing Matthew M.K. , Lee Vincent , Ng King‐Cheung , Lam Ching‐Wan , Cheung Jo L.K. , Cheng Augustine F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractGlycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein H (gH) of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7) are believed to play an important role in virus entry and as targets for host immune response. This study examined the genetic diversity of these glycoproteins among 90 HHV‐7 isolates collected from different individuals in Hong Kong. Overall, both the gB and gH genes were found to be highly conserved. Nucleotide polymorphism was detected only at four positions of the gB‐encoding region, and all of these were synonymous substitutions. Most (97.8%) Hong Kong isolates were of gB allele group C. Two isolates collected from a Pakistani family showed a novel sequence pattern that did not match known gB allele groups. This sequence pattern was detected consistently from serial samples collected from the same individual, indicating a stable genetic entity. The gH‐encoding region exhibited nucleotide polymorphism at six positions. Three of these were nonsynonymous substitutions (codon 271 Lys → Gln, codon 308 Gly → Glu, codon 397 Asn → Tyr). Most (84.4%) Hong Kong isolates were of the gH allele group B, and all others were of the gH allele group C. These data indicate the possibility of using gB or gH alleles as markers for studying world‐wide population movements and genetics. J. Med. Virol. 71:429–433, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genital human papillomavirus genotyping by HPV oligonucleotide microarray in Korean commercial sex workers
Authors: Choi Byeong‐Sun , Kim Okjin , Park Mi Sun , Kim Ki Soo , Jeong Jeongmi Kim , Lee Joo‐Shil 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBecause of the diversity in human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution, according to the population and region, detailed investigations of HPV genotypes are important in designing more effective HPV vaccines for any given country. HPV DNA oligonucleotide microarray was used to investigate the distribution of HPV genotypes among commercial sex workers. The prevalence of HPV in Korean commercial sex workers was 47%, with HPV‐16 and HPV‐51 as the dominant genotypes. HPV subtypes in 148 commercial sex workers comprised 70 with one genotype, 42 with two genotypes, 17 with three genotypes, and 19 with four or more genotypes. HPV‐40, the most dominant low‐risk genotype, was not detected in single‐infection commercial sex workers. All women with multiple infections of low‐risk genotypes had the HPV‐40 genotype. This molecular epidemiological study of genital HPV will be useful for the development of a favorable strategy to prevent the spread of this potentially serious infection. J. Med. Virol. 71:440–445, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and genotyping of human herpes simplex viruses in cutaneous lesions of erythema multiforme by nested PCR
Authors: Sun Yongjiang , Chan Roy Kum Wah , Tan Suat Hoon , Ng Patricia Pei Lin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA subset of erythema multiforme (erythema multiforme) is associated with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection; viral cultures of erythema multiforme lesions are, however, usually negative and viral antigens difficult to identify. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to demonstrate the association, hence, is currently the only available sensitive diagnostic means for HSV‐associated erythema multiforme. A nested PCR, which could simultaneously detect and genotype HSV in erythema multiforme lesions and in clinical swab specimin was developed using the DNA polymerase gene of HSV as target gene because it is the only detectable HSV gene in a high proportion of erythema multiforme lesions. The PCR has demonstrated its robust sensitivity on swab samples by being able to detect further 45.3% HSV cases in comparison with virus isolation with 100% specificity in both detection and genotyping confirmed by virus isolation and DNA sequencing. This study represents the first investigation of typing HSV virus in HSV‐associated erythema multiforme patients, and the finding that 66.7% of the patients was attributed to HSV1, 27.8% to HSV2, and 5.6% to HSV1 and 2 co‐infection may reflect the distribution of HSV1 and 2 in local general population. J. Med. Virol. 71:423–428, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mice deficient in the X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease gene sap exhibit increased susceptibility to murine gammaherpesvirus‐68 and hypo‐gammaglobulinemia
Authors: Yin Luo , Al‐Alem Umaima , Liang Jun , Tong Wei‐Min , Li Cuiling , Badiali Manuela , Médard Jean Jacques , Sumegi Janos , Wang Zhao‐Qi , Romeo Giovanni 
Published: September 2003

AbstractX‐linked lymphoproliferative disease is characterized by immune dysregulation and uncontrolled lymphoproliferation on exposure to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). This disease has been attributed to mutations in the SAP gene (also denominated as SH2D1A or DSHP). To delineate the role of SAP in the pathophysiology of X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease, a strain of sap‐deficient mice has been generated by deleting exon 2 of the gene. After infection with murine gammaherpesvirus‐68, which is homologous to EBV, the mutant mice exhibit more vigorous CD8+ T cell proliferation and more disseminated lymphocyte infiltration compared to their wild‐type littermates. Chronic tissue damage and hemophagocytosis were evident in sap‐deficient mice but not in their wild‐type littermates. Concordantly, murine gammaherpesvirus‐68 reactivation was observed in sap‐deficient mice, indicating an impaired control of the virus. Notably, IgE deficiency and decreased serum IgG level were observed in mutant mice prior to and after murine gammaherpesvirus‐68 infection, which reproduces hypo‐gammaglobulinemia in X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease patients. This mouse model will therefore be a useful tool for dissecting the various phenotypes of X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease. J. Med. Virol. 71:446–455, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytokine‐dependent anti‐viral role of CD4‐positive T cells in therapeutic vaccination against chronic hepatitis B viral infection
Authors: Ren Fenyu , Hino Keisuke , Yamaguchi Yuhki , Funatsuki Kiyomi , Hayashi Akio , Ishiko Hiroaki , Furutani Muneko , Yamasaki Takahiro , Korenaga Keiko , Yamashita Satoyoshi , Konishi Tomomi , Okita Kiwamu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThere are several lines of evidence suggesting that specific vaccine therapy with a standard hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination reduces HBV replication. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐viral mechanism of vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients. Nineteen patients were assigned to receive either vaccine therapy (n = 13) or no treatment as a control (n = 6). Vaccinated patients were analyzed for T cell proliferative responses specific for envelope antigen and cytokine production by antigen‐specific T cells. ELISPOT and cytotoxicity assays also were carried out for limited blood samples. Serum HBV DNA levels decreased significantly at 3 months after completion of therapy and thereafter as compared to the baseline ones, and were significantly lower in vaccinated patients than in controls at 12 and 18 months after completion of therapy. Vaccination induced antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell proliferative responses in four patients (30.8%). The production of high levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) by antigen‐specific T cells was found in six patients (46.0%) who showed significantly lower HBV DNA levels in serum at 6 (P = 0.04) and 18 months (P = 0.005) after completion of therapy than those without high levels of cytokine production. Vaccination did not induce antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells or cytotoxic T cells. These results suggest that envelope‐specific CD4+ T cells may control directly HBV replication by producing anti‐viral cytokines rather than providing help for cytotoxic T cells in therapeutic vaccination against chronic HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 71:376–384, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Character study: Strengthening the heart of good leadership
Authors: Klann Gene 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the past few years, headlines in the business pages have underscored the fact that some corporate leaders
leave a lot to be desired in the area of character. Yet because it is subjective and controversial, the issue of
character has largely been left out of the equation when it comes to training and preparing leaders. If
undertaken with the right perspective, however, there are ways to develop character in leaders.