bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of intraoperative haemoadsorption in patients undergoing heart transplantation: a proof‐of‐concept randomized trial
Authors: Nemeth Endre , Soltesz Adam , Kovacs Eniko , Szakal‐Toth Zsofia , Tamaska Eszter , Katona Hajna , Racz Kristof , Csikos Gergely , Berzsenyi Viktor , Fabry Szabolcs , Ulakcsai Zsuzsanna , Tamas Csilla , Nagy Beata , Varga Marina , Merkely Bela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this trial was to compare the clinical effects of intraoperative haemoadsorption versus standard care in patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT).Methods and resultsIn a randomized, controlled trial, OHT recipients were randomized to receive intraoperative haemoadsorption or standard care. Outcomes were vasoactive‐inotropic score (VIS), frequency of vasoplegic syndrome (VS) in the first 24 h; post‐operative change in procalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels; intraoperative change in mycophenolic acid (MPA) concentration; frequency of post‐operative organ dysfunction, major complications, adverse immunological events and length of in‐hospital stay and 1‐year survival. Sixty patients were randomized (haemoadsorption group N = 30, control group N = 25 plus 5 exclusions). Patients in the haemoadsorption group had a lower median VIS and rate of VS (VIS: 27.2 [14.6–47.7] vs. 41.9 [22.4–63.2], P = 0.046, and VS: 20.0% vs. 48.0%, P = 0.028, respectively), a 6.4‐fold decrease in the odds of early VS (OR: 0.156, CI: 0.029–0.830, P = 0.029), lower PCT levels, shorter median mechanical ventilation (MV: 25 [19–68.8] hours vs. 65 [23–287] hours, P = 0.025, respectively) and intensive care unit stay (ICU stay: 8.5 [8.0–10.3] days vs. 12 [8.5–18.0] days, P = 0.022, respectively) than patients in the control group. Patients in the haemoadsorption versus control group experienced lower rates of acute kidney injury (AKI: 36.7% vs. 76.0%, P = 0.004, respectively), renal replacement therapy (RRT: 0% vs. 16.0%, P = 0.037, respectively) and lower median per cent change in bilirubin level (PCB: 2.5 [−24.6 to 71.1] % vs. 72.1 [11.2–191.4] %, P = 0.009, respectively) during the post‐operative period. MPA concentrations measured at pre‐defined time points were comparable in the haemoadsorption compared to control groups (MPA pre‐cardiopulmonary bypass: 2.4 [1.15–3.60] μg/mL vs. 1.6 [1.20–3.20] μg/mL, P = 0.780, and MPA 120 min after cardiopulmonary bypass start: 1.1 [0.58–2.32] μg/mL vs. 0.9 [0.45–2.10] μg/mL, P = 0.786). The rates of cardiac allograft rejection, 30‐day mortality and 1‐year survival were similar between the groups.ConclusionsIntraoperative haemoadsorption was associated with better haemodynamic stability, mitigated PCT response, lower rates of post‐operative AKI and RRT, more stable hepatic bilirubin excretion, and shorter durations of MV and ICU stay. Intraoperative haemoadsorption did not show any relevant adsorption effect on MPA. There was no increase in the frequency of early cardiac allograft rejection related to intraoperative haemoadsorption use.
Waste heat recovery from household biomass gasifier stoves (HBGSs) for thermoelectric generators: Effect of the primary air valve angle
Authors: Kaewluan Sommas , Wiriyasart Songkran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHousehold biomass gasifier stoves (HBGSs) are used in remote areas using natural firewood that is burned in the HBGS for general purposes, such as cooking and warming in winter. The heat dissipation from the walls is assumed to be heat loss. This paper evaluates the electrical performance of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using heat recovered from the hot walls of an HBGS, considering the effect of three primary air valve angles of 0°, 9°, and 18°. The heat recovered from the HBGS that is electrically transferred through a TEG is assessed. The results showed that the wall heat loss increases with the primary air valve angle of the HBGS. The upper zone near the HBGS gas combustion zone exhibits higher wall temperatures than the middle and lower zones, with a maximum wall temperature of 140°C resulting in an output voltage of 2.55 V. However, the middle and lower zones are also considered as their capacities are consistent with the TEG temperature range. The heat loss from the HBGS is considerably larger than that from other heat sources, and the specific heating area of the heat source is a variable that should be considered to increase the number of TEGs to achieve the desired output values for practical applications. Furthermore, this research serves as a guideline for applying TEGs to recover waste heat from various applications.
Association of low muscle mass and obesity with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults
Authors: Kim Donghyun , Lee Junghoon , Park Raekil , Oh Chang‐Myung , Moon Shinje 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenic obesity, defined as the coexistence of low muscle mass and high adiposity, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. However, to what extent sarcopenia contributes to these risks independently or in conjunction with other cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of low muscle mass, central obesity (COB), metabolic abnormalities, and their combinations with CVD and mortality risk.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006 and 2011–2018. Participants aged >20 years and with reported whole‐body dual X‐ray absorptiometry data were included. Participants were divided into eight groups based on low muscle mass, metabolic abnormalities, and COB status.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 55 years, and 50.4% of participants were male. Low muscle mass was observed in 2472 (14.6%) out of 16 839 participants. Among the eight groups, the metabolically unhealthy COB group with low muscle mass had the highest hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause mortality (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.56–2.56; P < 0.001), whereas the metabolically healthy COB group with low muscle mass had the highest HR for CVD mortality (HR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.53–6.65; P = 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that low muscle mass directly increased the risk of both all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.35–1.79; P < 0.001) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.40–2.31; P < 0.001). Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed that low muscle mass significantly increased the risk of all‐cause and CVD mortality in participants without a prior CVD history and those with diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsLow muscle mass is an independent risk factor for all‐cause and CVD mortality, especially in individuals with metabolic abnormalities and COB.
Probable 4‐Repeat Tauopathy Criteria Predict Brain Amyloid Negativity, Distinct Clinical Features, and FDG‐PET/MRI Neurodegeneneration Patterns in Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Parmera Jacy Bezerra , de Godoi Carneiro Camila , de Almeida Isabel Junqueira , de Oliveira Marcos Castello Barbosa , Barbosa Pedro Melo , Studart‐Neto Adalberto , Ono Carla Rachel , Nitrini Ricardo , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , Barbosa Egberto Reis , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Coutinho Artur Martins 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundCorticobasal syndrome (CBS) is associated with diverse underlying pathologies, including the four‐repeat (4R)‐tauopathies. The Movement Disorders Society (MDS) criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) proposed the novel category “probable 4R‐tauopathy” to address the phenotypic overlap between PSP and corticobasal degeneration (CBD).ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical ability of the MDS‐PSP criteria for probable 4R‐tauopathy in predicting a negative amyloid‐PET in CBS. Additionally, this study aims to explore CBS patients classified as 4R‐tauopathy concerning their clinical features and neuroimaging degeneration patterns.MethodsThirty‐two patients with probable CBS were prospectively evaluated and split into those who fulfilled or did not fulfill the 4R‐tauopathy criteria (CBS‐4RT+ vs. CBS‐4RT−). All patients underwent positron emission tomographies (PET) with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and [11C]Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PIB) on a hybrid PET‐MRI scanner to perform multimodal quantitative comparisons with a control group.ResultsEleven patients were clinically classified as CBS‐4RT+, and only one had a positive PIB‐PET. The CBS‐4RT+ classification had 92% specificity, 52% sensitivity, and 69% accuracy in predicting a negative PIB‐PET. The CBS‐4RT+ group presented with dysarthria and perseveration more often than the CBS‐4RT− group. Moreover, the CBS‐4RT+ group showed a prominent frontal hypometabolism extending to the supplementary motor area and striatum, and brain atrophy at the anterior cingulate and bilateral striata.ConclusionsThe 4R‐tauopathy criteria were highly specific in predicting a negative amyloid‐PET in CBS. Patients classified as 4R‐tauopathy presented distinct clinical aspects, as well as brain metabolism and atrophy patterns previously associated with tauopathies.
High‐throughput, microscopy‐based screening and quantification of genetic elements
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Huang Yajia , Li Mei , Wang Lei , Li Bing , Xia Aiguo , Li Ye , Yang Shuai , Jin Fan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthetic biology relies on the screening and quantification of genetic components to assemble sophisticated gene circuits with specific functions. Microscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing complex cellular phenotypes with increasing spatial and temporal resolution to library screening of genetic elements. Microscopy‐based assays are powerful tools for characterizing cellular phenotypes with spatial and temporal resolution and can be applied to large‐scale samples for library screening of genetic elements. However, strategies for high‐throughput microscopy experiments remain limited. Here, we present a high‐throughput, microscopy‐based platform that can simultaneously complete the preparation of an 8 × 12‐well agarose pad plate, allowing for the screening of 96 independent strains or experimental conditions in a single experiment. Using this platform, we screened a library of natural intrinsic promoters from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and identified a small subset of robust promoters that drives stable levels of gene expression under varying growth conditions. Additionally, the platform allowed for single‐cell measurement of genetic elements over time, enabling the identification of complex and dynamic phenotypes to map genotype in high throughput. We expected that the platform could be employed to accelerate the identification and characterization of genetic elements in various biological systems, as well as to understand the relationship between cellular phenotypes and internal states, including genotypes and gene expression programs.
Multidimensional mental representations of natural environment among Chinese preadolescents via draw‐and‐write mapping
Authors: Yue Zhihui , Meng Yichuan , Chen Jin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The mental associations that children have with the natural environment can be referred to as their natural representations. These representations encompass a blend of shared consensus and individual differences, playing a pivotal role in shaping human relationships with nature and influencing attitudes and behaviours. However, comprehending children's natural representations, particularly among preadolescents with limited verbal narrative abilities, remains a challenge.

To address this challenge, we conducted a study employing a draw‐and‐write task and a questionnaire survey. Our investigation aimed to understand how the level of nature experiences and demographic variables affects the multidimensional representations of nature among preadolescents (aged 9–12) in China. Specifically, we examined the impacts of direct, indirect and vicarious nature experiences on their natural representations. These representations included dimensions such as the level of wildness, cognitive complexity, extent of elaboration, expression of emotion and representation style. These dimensions were based on literature review and supported by empirical data collected from children's drawings.

Our findings showed that children's drawings of nature not only share similarities but also display significant variations. Most of their drawings include natural components, such as living and non‐living elements, while a notable proportion of drawings depicts human activities. Interestingly, we observed notable differences in the level of wildness, elaboration and representation style among preadolescents from different regions. Additionally, we found that vicarious nature experiences have a significant positive impact on the cognitive complexity, extent of elaboration and positive emotional expression in children's drawings, while direct nature experiences also have a weaker but still significant positive effect on the elaboration. Moreover, female students exhibit greater proficiency in these three aspects compared to their male counterparts.

The study highlights the significance of the surrounding environment and nature experiences, especially vicarious nature experience, in shaping the natural representations of preadolescents. Using draw‐and‐write mapping is recommended as a valuable approach to understanding the children's mental representations of the natural environment.

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A comprehensive assessment of the prolonged febrile neutropenia evaluation in pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Whitehurst Daniel A. , Friedman Debra L. , Zhao Zhiguo , Sarma Asha , Snyder Elizabeth , Dulek Daniel E. , Banerjee Ritu , Kitko Carrie L. , Esbenshade Adam J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric oncology patients with prolonged (≥96 hours) febrile neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 500/μL) often undergo an evaluation for invasive fungal disease (IFD) and other infections. Current literature suggests that beta‐D‐glucan (BDG), galactomannan, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and computed tomography (CT) scans (sinus, chest, and abdomen/pelvis) may help determine a diagnosis in this population.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study of all cancer/stem cell transplant patients (diagnosed 2005‐2019) from one pediatric hospital, all episodes with prolonged febrile neutropenia or IFD evaluations (defined as sending a fungal biomarker or performing a CT scan to assess for infection) were identified.ResultsIn total, 503 episodes met inclusion criteria and 64% underwent IFD evaluations. In total, 36.4% of episodes documented an infection after initiation of prolonged febrile evaluation, most commonly Clostridioides difficile colitis (6.4%) followed by a true bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) (5.2%), proven/probable IFD (4.8%), and positive respiratory pathogen panel (3.6%). There was no difference in sinus CTs showing sinusitis (74% vs 63%, p = 0.46), whereas 32% of abdomen/pelvis CTs led to a non‐IFD diagnosis, and 25% of chest CTs showed possible pneumonia. On chest CT, the positive predictive value (PPV) for IFD was 19% for nodules and 14% for tree and bud lesions. BDG had a PPV of 25% for IFD and GM 50%. BAL diagnosed IFD once and pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia twice.ConclusionsChest CTs and abdomen/pelvis CTs provide clinically relevant information during the prolonged febrile neutropenia evaluation, whereas BDG, galactomannan, BAL, and sinus CTs have less certain utility.
Tensile‐after‐ablation progressive damage and the failure mechanism of 2.5D woven composites with crack pores
Authors: Yang Wentao , Dong Fang , Zhang Diantang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract2.5D woven structures are of interest in new thermal protection systems for their excellent interlayer properties and structural stability. In this paper, dense (CDP) and lightweight (CLP) carbon/phenolic 2.5D woven composites were prepared. Quasi‐static tensile experiments were performed on the specimens before ablation (TCDP‐0, TCLP‐0) and after ablation for 30 s (TCDP‐30, TCLP‐30). A quarter macro–meso hybrid model that takes into account the degradation of material properties after ablation and ablative crack pores was innovatively proposed. The predicted tensile elastic modulus is within 9% error from the experimental results. The results show that TCDP‐30 and TCLP‐30 have rapid damage expansion and lethal injury at smaller displacements than the pre‐ablation specimens. The displacement of the maximum load point of TCDP‐30 is 38.7% lower than that of TCLP‐30. The forms of damage in TCDP‐30 are dominated by matrix fragmentation and matrix cracks. The damage forms of TCLP‐30 are dominated by debonding and delamination.Highlights
Micro‐CT was used to collect matrix fabrication defects and ablative crack pores defect.
A quarter macro–meso hybrid model that takes into account the degradation of material properties after ablation and ablative crack pore was innovatively proposed.
The tensile failure mechanism of the material after ablation was revealed by the combination of experiment and numerical method.
Prevalence and Burden of Vitiligo in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America
Authors: Al Hammadi Anwar , Silva de Castro Caio Cesar , Parmar Nisha V. , Ubogui Javier , Hatatah Nael , Ahmed Haytham Mohamed , Llamado Lyndon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by skin and hair depigmentation that affects 0.5%–2.0% of the global population. Vitiligo is associated with diminished quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial burden. The burden of vitiligo may vary based on skin tone and cultural differences as well as geographical variations in disease awareness, societal stigma, healthcare systems and treatment options. Data on the burden and management of vitiligo in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America are scarce. Literature searches using terms covering vitiligo in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America were conducted using PubMed to identify relevant publications that focused on disease prevalence and burden, QoL and psychosocial impact and disease management between 2011 and 2021. Most of the reviewed studies were conducted in the Middle East, and most Latin American studies were from Brazil. Most studies involved small patient numbers and may not be generalizable. Reported prevalence of vitiligo ranged from 0.18% to 5.3% in Africa and the Middle East, and from 0.04% to 0.57% in Latin America. In several studies, prevalence was higher among female participants. Generally, non-segmental vitiligo was the dominant clinical variant identified and the age at onset varied widely across studies. Common comorbidities include autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, alopecia areata and diabetes. Few treatment guidelines exist in these regions, with the exceptions of guidelines published by the Brazilian and Argentinian Societies of Dermatology. There is a clear unmet need for large epidemiological studies with uniform methodology to accurately ascertain the true prevalence of vitiligo in Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Additional data on vitiligo burden and management in Africa and Latin America are also needed, along with local disease management guidelines that consider genetic variation, psychosocial burden and socioeconomic diversity in all 3 regions.
Shaping Graphene Superconductivity with Nanometer Precision
Authors: Cortés‐del Río Eva , Trivini Stefano. , Pascual José I. , Cherkez Vladimir , Mallet Pierre , Veuillen Jean‐Yves , Cuevas Juan. C. , Brihuega Iván 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraphene holds great potential for superconductivity due to its pure 2D nature, the ability to tune its carrier density through electrostatic gating, and its unique, relativistic‐like electronic properties. At present, still far from controlling and understanding graphene superconductivity, mainly because the selective introduction of superconducting properties to graphene is experimentally very challenging. Here, a method is developed that enables shaping at will graphene superconductivity through a precise control of graphene‐superconductor junctions. The method combines the proximity effect with scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) manipulation capabilities. Pb nano‐islands are first grown that locally induce superconductivity in graphene. Using a STM, Pb nano‐islands can be selectively displaced, over different types of graphene surfaces, with nanometre scale precision, in any direction, over distances of hundreds of nanometres. This opens an exciting playground where a large number of predefined graphene‐superconductor hybrid structures can be investigated with atomic scale precision. To illustrate the potential, a series of experiments are performed, rationalized by the quasi‐classical theory of superconductivity, going from the fundamental understanding of superconductor‐graphene‐superconductor heterostructures to the construction of superconductor nanocorrals, further used as “portable” experimental probes of local magnetic moments in graphene.
Bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation of the role of phagocytosis in low‐grade glioma
Authors: Fei Mingyang , Lu Chunlin , Feng Baozhi , Sun Jiaao , Wang Jie , Sun Fei , Dong Bin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhagocytosis is of vital importance in tumor immune response. The alteration of phagocytosis in low‐grade glioma (LGG) has not been investigated.MethodsThe mRNA, copy number variation, single nucleotide variation, and methylation levels of phagocytosis‐related genes were summarized in pan‐cancer. Non‐negative matrix factorization clustering was utilized to identify two LGG subtypes. LASSO regression analysis was performed to construct a phagocytosis‐related prognostic signature (PRPS). Immune characteristics, immunotherapy response, and targeted‐drug sensitivity were further explored. The phagocytosis activity in glioma was evaluated using scRNA‐seq data. Multiplex immunohistochemical (m‐IHC) technology was performed to identify the tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in LGG.ResultsThe phagocytosis‐related genes altered obviously in pan‐cancer compared with corresponding normal tissues. Two LGG subtypes were obtained and the subtype with poor prognosis was combined with lower tumor purity, more active immune‐related pathways, increasing infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, decreasing infiltration of macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils, distinct pathway activity and cell death status, greater response to immunotherapy, and higher sensitivity to cyclophosphamide, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, and sorafenib. In addition, a PRPS involving 10 genes (i.e., SLC11A1, CAMK1D, PLA2G5, STAP1, ALOX15, PLCG2, SFTPD, AZU1, RAB27A, and LAMTOR2) was constructed to estimate the risk level of each LGG sample and high risk LGG patients had poor prognosis, upregulated infiltration of neutrophil, macrophage, Treg, and myeloid dendritic cell, down regulated infiltration of monocyte and NK cell, and increasing expression of large number of immune checkpoint genes. The phagocytosis activity is notably active in monocyte/macrophage. The m‐IHC results confirmed increased infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in LGG samples with high SLC11A1 expression.ConclusionThe molecular characteristics of phagocytosis were revealed and the PRPS laid the foundation for personalized therapy in LGG.