bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downsizing at Pennar Industries Limited
Authors: Monippally M. M. 
Published: June 2004

Pennar Industries Limited (Pennar), one of the top ten producers of cold rolled steel strips in India, had 650 workers and 630 staff (non-unionized workers, supervisors, and managers) in 1997. Although over-manned and inefficient, the company had been profitable in the domestic market protected by government licensing and high import tariffs. As real competition, unleashed by globalization, began to bite in 1998, the company bought out 142 workers and 224 staff through a Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS). The severance compensation offered was very generous. In spite of reducing the workforce and improving productivity, Pennar ran into heavy losses by 2000. The management decided to downsize further, but it had no money to match the 1998 severance package. The surplus workers would have to go with the statutory compensation and staff without any compensation at all. The unions rejected the VRS for workers outright when they learned that it offered just one-third of the compensation given in 1998. They wanted at least two months' pay. The negotiations went on without any change of heart on either side. Each Head of Department drew up a list of their workers and staff to be retrenched and called the redundant staff one by one and told them to resign and leave without expecting any compensation. Many resigned and left but some resisted and abused the managers verbally, but there were no cases of violence or litigation. The new VRS for workers was formally announced on April 20, 2001. None came forward. They stuck to their demand for eight weeks' pay as compensation. Gradually, however, the workers' resistance weakened and they accepted the VRS and left peacefully. This case is useful for examining the human resource management issues and process for downsizing.
The tadpoles of Alsodes vanzolinii and A. verrucosus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with descriptions of their internal oral and chondrocranial morphology
Authors: Brieva Lila , Ramón Formas  
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe tadpoles of Alsodes vanzolinii and A. verrucosus are described. The descriptions include external, oral cavity, and chondrocranial morphology. The external characteristics, and those of the internal oral morphology, are useful in the specific diagnosis.
Age, growth and sex determination in a population of smooth snakes, Coronella austriaca in southern England
Authors: Reading  
Published: June 2004

AbstractBetween 1992-2001 a study of individually marked smooth snakes Coronella austriaca was done in Wareham Forest, southern England. The sex of individual snakes was determined using the relationship between tail length and snout-vent length, and the presence/absence of a hemi-penes swelling at the base of the tail. Males had longer tails than females at all ages/sizes and the difference between the sexes increased with increasing snout-vent length. Using multiple captures of known individuals over many years, size related daily growth rates were determined for each sex that enabled growth curves to be produced. The age structure of the population was determined for each complete year of the study. Very few young small snakes were captured each year. Of all the females who were potentially able to breed, only the oldest, and therefore largest, did so.
An Investigation of Aspects of Design of Resin-Bonded Bridges in General Dental Practice and Hospital Services
Authors: Patsiatzi Eleni , Grey Nick JA 
Published: June 2004

Purpose of study To assess the design of resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) by dentists, the quality of information provided to a dental laboratory, and aid identification of best practice. Design A retrospective case series study of slips for RBB construction, sent by hospital and general dental practitioners to a dental laboratory based in a postgraduate dental institute in Scotland, UK. Main findings 384 forms were reviewed. For single-tooth replacements, 40% of designs for upper anterior bridges and 46% for lower posterior bridges were fixed-fixed (F-F) when a cantilever design was a better option. Thirty-six (9.3%) of RBB designs involved double abutting. On the laboratory forms, fewer than five (1%) cases included instructions about the thickness of the metal framework and in 48% there was no reference to the extension of the metal framework. Principal conclusions For single-tooth replacements, a relatively high percentage of dentists prescribed a fixed-fixed design for RBBs, despite the evidence advocating the use of a cantilever design. A significant number of dentists used double abutments. The information provided to the laboratory for the construction of resin-bonded bridges was often insufficient.
An Audit of Antibiotic Prescribing by Vocational Dental Practitioners
Authors: Palmer Nikolaus OA , Batchelor Paul A 
Published: June 2004

Objectives To investigate antibiotic prescribing of a group of vocational dental practitioners (VDPs) and assess the implications for postgraduate education. Design A prospective audit was carried out by VDPs in general dental practice in 2003. Results A total of seven vocational training schemes comprising 64 VDPs took part. Most showed some awareness of the indications for therapeutic prescribing but the prescribing patterns of a number were influenced by the pressure of time and workload and difficulty in making a definitive diagnosis. There were wide variations in the therapeutic antibiotic regimens used, with most not conforming to the guidelines available. The majority of VDPs showed a good understanding of the requirement for prescribing prophylactic antibiotics for patients with a cardiac defect but a number also prescribed when there were no medical indications to do so. Conclusions From this audit it is clear that, on occasions, the prescribing of antibiotics by VDPs was not consistent with current knowledge and within the guidelines available. This calls into question the efficacy of present undergraduate teaching or the retention of knowledge. The results suggest that formal education on antibiotic prescribing in general dental practice should take place during the VT year.
Lip and Tongue Piercing: Experiences and Views of General Dental Practitioners in South Lancashire
Authors: Whittle J Gary , Lamden Kenneth H 
Published: June 2004

Purpose of the study To ascertain the numbers of patients with pierced lips or tongues seen by dentists during routine consultations. The study also examined the provision of advice by dentists, and the nature of piercing-related complications. Basic procedure A postal questionnaire was sent to dentists in two Primary Care Trust areas in South Lancashire. Main findings Sixty-four of the 106 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 60%. Sixty-two dentists (96.9%) reported that they had seen patients with lip or tongue piercings during the previous 12 months and that they had seen a mean number of 2.8 patients with lip piercing and a mean of 9.0 patients with tongue piercing. A total of 56.5% of the dentists gave advice on oral hygiene and 79.0% on possible damage to the oral structures. Twenty-seven dentists (43.5%) said that their patients had oral health problems as a result of lip or tongue piercing. Principal conclusions The dentists who responded to the questionnaire commonly saw lip and tongue piercings. All dentists should therefore be prepared to offer appropriate advice. A public health information leaflet available in all medical and dental practices would help to ensure that patients were better informed about body piercing and its complications.
The Effectiveness of Systemp.desensitizer in the Treatment of Dentine Hypersensitivity
Authors: Stewardson Dominic A , Crisp Russell J , McHugh Siobhan , Lendenmann Urs , Burke FJ Trevor 
Published: June 2004

Purpose This study reports the effectiveness of Systemp.desensitizer (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), when used both with and without an acid-etch step, in the treatment of patients with dentine hypersensitivity in UK dental practices. Materials and methods Ten general dental practitioners (GDPs) were selected from two practice-based research groups. The GDPs were each requested to use Systemp.desensitizer in the treatment of at least ten patients who presented with pain due to dentine hypersensitivity. Systemp.desensitizer was applied to the sensitive dentine area in strict accordance with the manufacturer's handling instructions, except that the patients were divided into two groups. For the first, group NE, the procedure was to isolate the tooth, gently blot it dry with cotton wool pellets, rub Systemp.desensitizer into the tooth for 20 seconds, then gently air-dry it. For the second, group E, the procedure was identical except that after isolation, the treatment area was etched for 15 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid. Patients were asked to complete a pro forma using a 10 cm visual analogue scale designed to provide details of the extent of their pain before treatment, 24 hours post-treatment, one week post-treatment, one month post-treatment, and three months post-treatment. The zero end of the scale was marked ‘no pain’ and the 10 cm end was marked ‘extreme pain’. The percentage change in the patients’ perception of their pain, relative to pretreatment, was calculated using repeated measures analysis and suitable follow-up confidence intervals for the mean changes in perceived pain. Comparisons were then made between the treatment groups NE and E. Results Ninety-one patients completed the first pro forma and 77 completed all the pro formas. Overall, there was a significant reduction in pain at each of the time points after treatment but the pattern of pain reduction across the two groups was different. In general, the non-etched group (group NE) saw an ‘immediate’ reduction in pain which was then fairly consistent across the longer term, whilst, in general, the etched group (group E) saw less reduction in pain 24 hours after treatment, and then further reduction in pain at both one week and one month after treatment. Thus the non-etched group experienced an early reduction whilst the etched group took longer to perceive a reduction in pain; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the reductions in pain scores between the two groups at any of the time points after treatment. Conclusion It is concluded that Systemp.desensitizer was effective in reducing pain from dentine hypersensitivity in the patients treated, and this finding was unaffected by whether or not the tooth was acid-etched prior to application of the reagent.
Rectangular Collimation and Radiographic Efficacy in Eight General Dental Practices in the West Midlands
Authors: Thornley Peter H , Stewardson Dominic A , Rout PG John , Burke FJ Trevor 
Published: June 2004

Introduction Rectangular collimation is recommended in order to reduce radiation doses to patients. However, anecdotal reports suggest that it may result in more retakes, with a possible net increase in patient dosage. Method To test this hypothesis, eight general dental practitioners were recruited to participate in a project. Each took 25 pairs of bitewing radiographs of patients before and 25 after fitting rectangular collimators to their x-ray machines. Double-pack films were used so that duplicates could be examined. These were assessed by a consultant oral radiologist according to the National Radiographic Protection Board (NRPB) grading system for positioning and general film quality. Results Initially, positioning quality was above the target level for six of the eight dentists; however, for all but one, this dropped after using rectangular collimation. General film quality was of a lower overall standard initially. Using rectangular collimation had an effect on general film quality but the direction and size of this varied among the dentists. Conclusion It was concluded that amongst the participating dentists, although numbers of retakes increased by 7%, there would be a net reduction in dosage to patients following rectangular collimation.
Order born of chaos? The capacity for informal social control in disempowered and ‘disorganised’ neighbourhoods
Authors: Atkinson Rowland , Flint John 
Published: June 2004

English
Policy discourse and interventions relating to disorder perceive a lack of organisational capacity to deal with these problems in high-crime and deprived areas. This article draws on research looking at the relative propensities to deal with disorder within deprived and affluent neighbourhoods. We find that deprived areas may be characterised as chaotic and disorganised but also that residents in these areas appear more likely to intervene in acts of disorder. Nevertheless, residents in all neighbourhoods did not want to engage directly with local crime problems. This challenges current policy with its aim of empowering communities to deal with crime, and appears to burden rather than empower residents.
Addressing fragmentation and social exclusion through community involvement in rural regeneration partnerships: evidence from the Northern Ireland experience
Authors: Williamson Arthur P. , Beattie Rona S. , Osborne Stephen P. 
Published: June 2004

English
This article considers the role of community and voluntary organisations in promoting rural social inclusion against a backdrop of social exclusion and the fragmentation of community life into ‘territories’ arising from sectarian politics. It reviews the evolution of the European Union's (EU’s) policy to support local community development work and examines aspects of three local partnerships, two of which were initiated and funded by the EU and had strong involvement by voluntary and community sector representatives. The third is a locally based community body that has been remarkably successful in making links across the political and sectarian divide and in obtaining development funding from the EU. The article concludes by considering the contribution that local partnerships may make in promoting better coordinated and integrated local policy action against poverty and social exclusion and their effectiveness in promoting proto-democratic patterns of behaviour and developing a collaborative culture that will enable people with diverse and sometimes hostile interests to mediate and negotiate shared perspectives.
Representing the repressed? Health consumer groups and the national policy process
Authors: Baggott Rob , Allsop Judith , Jones Kathryn 
Published: June 2004

English
Health consumer groups – voluntary organisations representing patients, users and carers – have become increasingly active in the national policy process in recent years. Groups have constructed alliances with each other, and with other interests in the health policy arena. They have developed extensive contacts within the political system and have generated social and political resources valued by government and other stakeholders. Groups have contributed to policy development, particularly where this has matched government agendas. It is suggested that group characteristics, resources, tactics and contacts have had an impact on their influence. These findings are considered in the context of Alford's structural model of healthcare politics.
Trust and moral motivation: redundant resources in health and social care?
Authors: Harrison Stephen , Smith Carole 
Published: June 2004

English
The government's modernisation programme for health and social care has introduced institutional arrangements that are characteristic of ‘late modernity’. These support heightened surveillance of organisational performance and professional practice, increased bureaucratisation of operational arrangements, instrumental decision making about service provision and a drive to centralise consumer empowerment. Such developments are designed to (re)establish political and public confidence in professional interventions and services that are predictable, reliable and safe. A focus on confidence, however, necessarily neglects the significance of trust for service users and providers. This article argues that privileging confidence over trust fails to acknowledge the role of uncertainty, morality and discretion in the provision of care and has important consequences for service users, managers and frontline practitioners.
Access and utilisation of safe motherhood services of expecting mothers in Ghana
Authors: Appiah-Kubi Kojo 
Published: June 2004

English
Despite more than a decade of the Safe Motherhood Initiative in Ghana, access and utilisation levels of modern healthcare services by expecting mothers remain very low, even though considerable progress has been made over time. Using Andersen's behavioural model (1968, 1995) as the conceptual framework, the study examines, with data from Ghana DHS (GSS and MI, 1999), user-related social, economic and demographic factors that influence access and utilisation of safe motherhood services. The bivariate and multivariate analyses reveal that education of mother and spouse, regional location of residence and socioeconomic status exert the strongest impact and are significant in predicting the use of safe motherhood services and thus differentials in health among expecting mothers. The implications of these results for improved maternal healthcare are discussed.
The three moments of New Labour's health policy discourse
Authors: Greener Ian 
Published: June 2004

English
This article examines the three ‘moments’ of health policy discourse under New Labour. It contends that, since 1997, there have been two significant changes: the first from an initially very Fabian rhetoric to one based instead around performance measurement and investment, and the second adding a new version ‘internal market’, based around the application of the discourse of consumerism in the NHS, to the performance discourse of the first change. These shifts in the language of policy are matched by changes in its underpinning assumptions, and the frenetic nature of their introduction appears to lead to the conclusion that New Labour are resorting to a ‘garbage can’ approach to policy making.
Critical Discourse Analysis and the Study of Reading and Writing
Authors: Bloome David , Talwalkar Susan 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. By Norman Fairclough. 1995.Discourse and Social Change. By Norman Fairclough. 1992.Critical Language Awareness. Edited by Norman Fairclough. 1992.Language and Power. By Norman Fairclough. 1989.
Adolescent Girls: Constructing and Doing Literacy, Constructing and Doing Gender
Authors: Lloyd Carol V. 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Just Girls: Hidden Literacies and Life in Junior High. By Margaret J. Finders. 1997.Private Practices: Girls Reading Fiction and Constructing Identity. By Meredith Rogers Cherland. 1994.Sounds From the Heart: Learning to Listen to Girls. By Maureen Barbieri. 1995.
In Their Own Words: Stories of the Interconnectedness of Life, Teaching, and Research
Authors: Willis Arlette Ingram 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:On becoming a language educator: Personal essays on professional development. Edited by Christine Pearson Casanave and Sandra R. Schecter. 1997.Learning from our lives: Women, research, and autobiography in education. Edited by Anna Neumann and Penelope L. Peterson. 1997.
Reading Patrick Shannon on Reading Instruction: Reflections on Politics and Education
Authors: Glass Ronald David 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Reading Poverty. By Patrick Shannon. 1998.Text, Lies, and Videotape: Stories About Life, Literacy, and Learning. By Patrick Shannon. 1995.The Struggle to Continue: Progressive Reading Instruction in the United States. By Patrick Shannon. 1990.Broken Promises: Reading Instruction in Twentieth‐Century America. By Patrick Shannon. 1989.
Reading Reading Research: A Multivocal Review
Authors: Bowles Steffanie , Bradley Barbara A. , Burnett Ronette , Edwards Elizabeth Carr , Font George , Francis Michelle , Heron Alison H. , McCartney Alicia A. , Montero M. Kristiina , Park Miri , Payne Cathy R. , Rush Leslie , Smith Claire Henderson , Stahl Katherine A. Dougherty , Tauferner Don , Waldrip Patricia , Yoon Jun‐Chae , Stahl Steven A. , Commeyras Michelle 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Handbook of Reading Research, Volume III. Edited by Michael Kamil, Peter B. Mosenthal, P. David Pearson, and Rebecca Barr. 2000.
The National Reading Panel Report
Authors: Cunningham James W. 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Teaching children to read: An evidence‐based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. by The National Reading Panel. 2000.Teaching children to read: An evidence‐based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction: Reports of the subgroups. By The National Reading Panel. 2000.
The road to folly and redemption: Perspectives on the legitimacy of high‐stakes testing
Authors: Afflerbach Peter 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:The Big Test: The Secret History of the American Meritocracy. By Nicolas Lemann. 1999.The Limits of Educational Assessment. By Andrew Davis. 1998.A Teacher's Guide to Standardized Reading Tests: Knowledge Is Power. By Lucy Calkins, Kate Montgomery, and Donna Santman with Beverly Falk. 1998.
Boys and literacies: What difference does gender make?
Authors: BLACKBURN MOLLIE V. 
Published: June 2004

Book reviewed in this article:Boys and Literacy: Exploring the Issues. By Trisha Maynard. 2002.Boys, Literacies and Schooling: The Dangerous Territories of Gender‐based Literacy Reform. By Leonie Rowan, Michele Knobel, Chris Bigum, and Colin Lankshear. 2002.“Reading Don't Fix No Chevys”: Literacy in the Lives of Young Men. By Michael W. Smith and Jeffrey D. Wilhelm. 2002.To Be a Boy, To Be a Reader: Engaging Teen and Preteen Boys in Active Literacy. By William G. Brozo. 2002.
Patterns of parents' extratextual interactions during book sharing with preschool children: A cluster analysis study
Authors: HAMMETT LISA A. , VAN KLEECK ANNE , HUBERTY CARL J 
Published: June 2004

ABSTRACTSNinety‐six middle‐income parent‐child dyads were videotaped as they shared an unfamiliar book together. Parents' extratextual utterances were coded for content and entered into a cluster analysis in order to identify patterns in the variability in interaction style. Four clusters were revealed: (a) two small clusters of parents who provided many extratextual utterances during book sharing, but who differed with regard to the types of utterances used most frequently; (b) a cluster of parents who provided moderate numbers of utterances across all utterance types; and (c) a large cluster of parents who contributed minimal extratextual utterances during book sharing. Previous research has demonstrated that variability in parent interactions during book sharing is high. These results suggest that parents' utterances varied in systematic ways and that the predominant pattern within this sample was one of limited numbers of extratextual utterances during the sharing of an unfamiliar book. These findings have implications for the methods to best explore variability and the directions of future research.