bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators affecting informal and familial carers accessing community pharmacy services
Authors: Richardson C L , Lindsey L , Lunny J , Edwards K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
There are approximately 5.3 million informal carers in the United Kingdom, many of which support family members in their health including medicines use. Informal carers are unpaid and often unsupported. Many visit pharmacies to collect medicines and look for advice.

Aim
To explore informal carer involvement in community pharmacy services.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with carers and pharmacy staff were conducted between October and December 2022. The project received ethical approval from the Faculty of Medical Sciences ethics committee (References: 25925/2022; 25368/2022) in October 2023. Interviews took place remotely and explored perspectives on the role of community pharmacy in identifying and supporting carers; the study received institutional ethical approval. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim before being analysed using a reflexive thematic approach.

Results
A total of 25 interviews were conducted with 13 carers and 12 pharmacy staff. From the thematic analysis, four themes were identified: Firstly, ‘Cultural expectations of caring’ - Carers described ways in which they found themselves in the role, for the majority this was not something they decided to do but was an expectation of an existing familial relationship, because of this both carers and pharmacy staff struggled to identify people as ‘carers’ due to understanding it was a formal role. Secondly, ‘Carers cannot be patients too’ - Caring was described as like a job and one in which their health was impacted but this was not always recognised by pharmacy staff who saw supporting carers as a way to provide better patient care rather than caring for the carer. Thirdly, ‘Being in the know-how of caring’ - The carers described having to know how to be a carer and how to navigate health systems. Carers first described needing to know about medicines use and secondly know how to navigate systems and processes around accessing medicines services. Fourthly ‘Don’t forget the community in community pharmacy’ - meaningful relationships between pharmacy staff and carers were important to carer experience and carers recognised that pharmacies are not just a place for medicines supply but increasingly a space for wider services as part of a ‘community hub’.

Discussion/Conclusion
Being a carer is often a cultural expectation which can contribute to worsening health and wellbeing of carers. This is aggravated by the need to navigate a complex system of services and know about medicines. A limitation of the work is that ethnicity was not and as such this may require further investigation.
Community pharmacy can offer a place for support, but pharmacy staff may need to reconsider their approach to identifying and supporting carers in their own right and not just treating them as an extension of supporting a patient to receive better care.
Antimicrobial potential of secondary metabolites and DNA gyrase B blocking molecules produced by a halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus salarius (MML1918)
Authors: Nandhagopal Manivannan , Chandrasekaran Ramprasath , Narayanasamy Mathivanan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim
The present study aims to determine the antimicrobial potential of Virgibacillus salairus (MML1918) against human pathogens and its in-vitro and in-silico properties.

Methods and results
In this present study, totally 63 halophilic bacterial cultures were obtained and cultivated in nutrient broth medium containing 8% NaCl and the metabolites, were extracted using ethyl acetate and screened for their antimicrobial property by cell viability assay against 12 pathogenic bacteria and fungi, among 63 halophilic bacteria the Vir. salaries (MML1918) found to be the best producer for secondary metabolites production against clinical pathogens. The optimization of growth for important physiochemical parameters was characterized and applied for different production media and based on its highest activity as 17.5 ± .07 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) for Bacillus cereus followed by 17.5 ± 00 mm ZOI for Staphylococcus aureus, the production medium ATCC1097 was chosen for mass production. The mass production of secondary metabolites from Vir. salaries MML1918 was carried out in a fermenter under controlled conditions and crude metabolites was extracted and condensed. The antimicrobial activity of crude metabolites showed B. cereus (19.3 ± 0.5 mm ZOI), Staph. aureus, and Candida albicans (18.3 ± 0.5 mm ZOI) as the highest ZOI in production media for halophilic bacteria ATCC1097. Further, the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed 24 compounds present in crude metabolites. Among the 24 compounds, four molecules were found to be important based on molecule percentage in crude and structural similarity. The molecular docking studies show that the selected four molecules effectively bind with the active region DNA gyrase B.

Conclusion
Virgibacillus salarius (MML1918) effectively showed antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic organisms and can be employed as a suitable candidate for producing novel antimicrobial agents.
In vitro inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth and reduction of sclerotial viability by the volatile bioactive compounds of Brassicaceae crops
Authors: Dassanayaka Madhavi P , Casonato Seona G , Jones E Eirian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important pathogen of a wide range of crops, with current control mostly relying on the use of fungicides. This study assessed the effect of biofumigation on in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth and reduction of sclerotial viability of S. sclerotiorum as an attempt to seek an alternative management strategy.

Methods and results
The effect of different biofumigant crop types to inhibit mycelial growth of ten S. sclerotiorum isolates was investigated, with Brassica juncea ‘Caliente 199’ being the most effective biofumigant crop. The efficacy of ‘Caliente 199’ to inhibit mycelial growth and reduce sclerotial viability was influenced by different crop factors. Plant tissue of ‘Caliente 199’ harvested at 50% or 100% flowering and adjusted to 80% (w/w) moisture resulted in greater mycelial inhibition and a reduction in the sclerotial viability compared with the vegetative tissue with the same plant moisture. Mycelial inhibition and reduction of sclerotial viability were affected by tissue quantity. Whole plant tissue and shoots only resulted in a similar inhibition of mycelial growth, but whole plant tissue resulted in a greater reduction of sclerotial viability. The S. sclerotiorum isolates differed in sensitivity to the volatile bioactive compounds released by the biofumigant plant tissue.

Conclusions
The volatile bioactive compounds released by ‘Caliente 199’ resulted in effective mycelial inhibition but did not kill sclerotia completely.
Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of low-risk non-HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Junyu , Dong Ruiqi , Zhang Hongya , Yao Shiqi , Liu Jia , Yang Lu , Fan Liuxu , Su Xiaohong , Wang Anni , Su Zhihui , Ngai Iok Keng , Dai Kai , Jiang Ying , Peng Fuhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a severe disease, there are still some non-HIV CM patients with a low risk of therapeutic failure. Recognizing clinical characteristics of low-risk non-HIV-associated CM may enable clinicians to treat non-HIV-associated CM more reasonably. According to the definition of low-risk non-HIV-associated CM in the 2010 Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline, a total of 220 non-HIV CM patients were divided into two groups (Group 1: 35 low-risk patients and Group 2: 185 non-low-risk patients). Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome were compared between the two groups. Compared with non-low-risk patients, low-risk patients had a lower rate of headache (82.9% vs. 95.7%, P = .012), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure (OP) at baseline (CSF OP &lt; 250-mm H2O, 60.0% vs. 32.4%, P = .001), and baseline CSF cryptococcal count (median, 0 vs. 2376, P &lt; .001), higher baseline CSF white blood cell (median, 130 vs. 90, P = .029) and CSF protein (median, 0.87 vs. 0.73, P = .011). Multivariate analysis showed that baseline CSF OP &lt;250-mm H2O (OR: 2.545, 95% CI 1.168, 5.545, P = .019) was independently associated with low-risk for non-HIV-associated CM. The lengths of AMB-d-based induction therapy of low-risk patients (median, 20 days) were shorter (P &lt; .001) than that of non-low-risk patients (median, 38 days). The successful outcome rate of low-risk patients was higher than non-low-risk patients (97.1% vs. 54.6%, P &lt; .001). We demonstrated that non-HIV-associated CM patients with baseline CSF OP &lt; 250-mm H2O were prone to the low-risk status.
A method of weak lensing reconstruction through cosmic magnification with multiband photometry information
Authors: Ma Ruijie , Zhang Pengjie , Yu Yu , Qin Jian 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Weak gravitational lensing induces flux-dependent fluctuations in the observed galaxy number density distribution. This cosmic magnification (magnification bias) effect in principle enables lensing reconstruction alternative to cosmic shear and cosmic microwave background lensing. However, the intrinsic galaxy clustering, which otherwise overwhelms the signal, has hindered its application. Through a scaling relation found by principal component analysis of the galaxy clustering in multiband photometry space, we design a minimum variance linear estimator to suppress the intrinsic galaxy clustering and to reconstruct the lensing convergence map. In combination of the CosmoDC2 galaxy mock and the CosmicGrowth simulation, we test this proposal for an LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope)-like galaxy survey with ugrizY photometry bands. (1) The scaling relation holds excellently at multipole ℓ &lt; 103, and remains reasonably well to ℓ ∼ 3000. (2) The linear estimator efficiently suppresses the galaxy intrinsic clustering, by a factor of ∼102. (3) For galaxies in the photo-z range 0.8 &lt; zκ &lt; 1.2, the reconstructed convergence map is cosmic variance limited per ℓ mode at ℓ &lt; 102, and shot noise limited at $\ell \gtrsim 200$. (4) Its cross-correlation with cosmic shear of galaxies can achieve $\mathrm{ S/N}\gtrsim 200$. When the source redshift of cosmic shear galaxies zγ &lt; zκ, the systematic error is negligible at all investigated scales (ℓ &lt; 3000). When zγ ≥ zκ, the systematic error caused by the residual intrinsic galaxy clustering becomes non-negligible. We discuss possible mitigation of the residual intrinsic galaxy clustering required for accurate measurement at ℓ &gt; 103. This work further demonstrates the potential of lensing measurement through cosmic magnification to enhance the weak lensing cosmology.
Probing the early Milky Way with GHOST spectra of an extremely metal-poor star in the Galactic disc
Authors: Dovgal Anya , Venn Kim A , Sestito Federico , Hayes Christian R , McConnachie Alan W , Navarro Julio F , Placco Vinicius M , Starkenburg Else , Martin Nicolas F , Pazder John S , Chiboucas Kristin , Deibert Emily , Gamen Roberto , Heo Jeong-Eun , Kalari Venu M , Martioli Eder , Xu Siyi , Diaz Ruben , Gomez-Jimenez Manuel , Henderson David , Prado Pablo , Quiroz Carlos , Robertson J Gordon , Ruiz-Carmona Roque , Simpson Chris , Urrutia Cristian , Waller Fletcher , Berg Trystyn , Burley Gregory , Hartman Zachary , Ireland Michael , Margheim Steve , Perez Gabriel , Thomas-Osip Joanna 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Pristine_183.6849 + 04.8619 (P1836849) is an extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −3.3 ± 0.1) star on a prograde orbit confined to the Galactic disc. Such stars are rare and may have their origins in protogalactic fragments that formed the early Milky Way, in low-mass satellites accreted later, or forming in situ in the Galactic plane. Here, we present a chemo-dynamical analysis of the spectral features between 3700−11 000 Å from a high-resolution spectrum taken during Science Verification of the new Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph. Spectral features for many chemical elements are analysed (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni), and valuable upper limits are determined for others (C, Na, Sr, Ba). This main sequence star exhibits several rare chemical signatures, including (i) extremely low metallicity for a star in the Galactic disc, (ii) very low abundances of the light α-elements (Na, Mg, Si) compared to other metal-poor stars, and (iii) unusually large abundances of Cr and Mn, where [Cr, Mn/Fe]NLTE &gt; +0.5. A comparison to theoretical yields from supernova models suggests that two low-mass Population III objects (one 10 M⊙ supernova and one 17 M⊙ hypernova) can reproduce the abundance pattern well (reduced χ2 &lt; 1). When this star is compared to other extremely metal-poor stars on quasi-circular, prograde planar orbits, differences in both chemistry and kinematics imply there is little evidence for a common origin. The unique chemistry of P1836849 is discussed in terms of the earliest stages in the formation of the Milky Way.
First intensity interferometry measurements with the H.E.S.S. telescopes
Authors: Zmija Andreas , Vogel Naomi , Wohlleben Frederik , Anton Gisela , Zink Adrian , Funk Stefan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Intensity interferometry for astrophysical observations has gained increasing interest in the last decade. The method of correlating photon fluxes at different telescopes for high resolution astronomy without access to the phase of the incoming light is insensitive to atmospheric turbulence and does not require high-precision optical path control. The necessary large collection areas can be provided by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Implementation of intensity interferometers to existing telescope systems such as VERITAS and MAGIC has proven to be successful for high-resolution imaging of stars. In 2022 April we equipped two telescopes of the H.E.S.S. array in Namibia with an intensity interferometry setup to measure southern sky stars and star systems during the bright moon period. We mounted an external optical system to the lid of the telescope cameras, which splits the incoming light and feeds it into two photomultipliers in order to measure the zero-baseline correlation within one telescope in addition to the cross-correlation between the telescopes. The optical elements are motorized, which enables live correction of tracking inaccuracies of the telescopes. During the campaign we measured the spatial correlation curves and thereby the angular diameters of λ Sco (Shaula) and σ Sgr (Nunki), while we also performed systematic studies of our interferometer using the multiple star system of α Cru (Acrux).
NGC 5474 X-1: A neutron star ultraluminous X-ray source in an old stellar cluster?
Authors: Atapin Kirill , Vinokurov Alexander , Sarkisyan Arkadiy , Solovyeva Yulia , Kostenkov Alexander , Medvedev Aleksei , Fabrika Sergei 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an optical and X-ray study of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 5474 X-1. The X-ray spectrum taken during the bright state of the source (LX ∼ 2 × 1040 erg s–1) shows signatures of a broad absorption line at ≃ 8 keV, which may be a cyclotron resonant scattering feature. This implies that this system may host a neutron star with a magnetic field of ∼1012 G. The first observation of this area with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), carried out 14 months later, revealed that the source was bright in the optical range as well. Subsequent observations have shown that the source faded in both ranges (more than 2.8 mag in the U band and by a factor of 50–100 in the X-ray) and has never become bright again. Deeper HST observations made it possible to impose constraints on the donor star spectral class and mass ($\lt \, 7$ M⊙), as well as to identify a stellar cluster of about 1 Gyr, the centre of which is located at a projected distance of ~2 pc from NGC 5474 X-1. The ULX could be a member of this old cluster; however, the presence of stars with ages of ∼10 Myr within 300 pc of the ULX means that it is possible that this is just an accidental projection.
Trusts taxation in Italy: the current state of art
Authors: Quartana Claudio , Bolis Lodovico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although a legal instrument typical of common law Countries, over the years, the trust has become better known in Italy, also due to the ratification of the Hague Convention in 1989. This has led to the introduction in the Italian legislation of a specific discipline regulating the taxation of trusts, together with the issue of numerous guidelines provided by the Italian Tax Authorities, which this in depth article tries to address in detail, even focusing on the more troublesome aspects, especially for income tax purposes.
Molecular phylogeny of dragon millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from mainland South-East Asia, with description of a new genus and species
Authors: Srisonchai Ruttapon , Enghoff Henrik , Likhitrakarn Natdanai , Jeratthitikul Ekgachai , Jirapatrasilp Parin , Panha Somsak , Sutcharit Chirasak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent taxonomic revision of the strikingly ornamented millipedes known as ‘dragon millipedes’ in the family Paradoxosomatidae, has revealed generic division into six genera. The majority of species are distributed in mainland South-East Asia and each genus is restricted to a well-delimited area. However, their evolutionary history has remained poorly understood, particularly the relationships among genera and their biogeographic distribution. We present a comprehensive and well-resolved molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. A dataset of 256 sequences representing 40 dragon millipede species was newly generated and analysed in order to reveal the relationships and to explore the origin using ancestral range reconstruction. All dragon millipedes were retrieved together as monophyletic, each genus except Hylomus forming a distinct clade with strong statistical values, supporting the previous classification using morphology. A new monotypic genus and new species, Siamaxytes bifurca Srisonchai and Panha gen. nov. et sp. nov., was revealed based on distinct morphological and DNA data. The Tenasserim mountain range was inferred to be the centre of origin of dragon millipedes with a series of subsequent diversifications across mainland South-East Asia. Our analysis provides evidence that both dispersal and vicariance presumably played a role in shaping these millipedes’ distribution and diversification.
The Importance of Pelvic Obliquity in Assessing Spinal Coronal Alignment
Authors: Zuckerman Scott L. , Sardar Zeeshan M. , Marciano Gerard , Cerpa Meghan , Hassan Fthimnir M. , Kerolus Mena G. , Kelly Michael P. , Bourret Stéphane , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Wong Hee-Kit , Dennis Hey Hwee Weng , Riahi Hend , Le Huec Jean-Charles , Lenke Lawrence G. 
Published: November 2023

Study Design:
Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Objective:
In a geographically diverse population of asymptomatic volunteers, we sought to report the incidence of pelvic obliquity (PO), establish normative values of PO across patient factors, and assess the correlation of PO with radiographic parameters.

Summary of Background Data:
PO is defined as the misalignment of the pelvis and can be assessed through several anatomic landmarks. Significant PO, whether caused by leg-length discrepancy or not, can lead to coronal malalignment which causes severe pain and disability. Significant emphasis has been placed on achieving appropriate sagittal alignment in recent decades; however, a greater understanding of coronal alignment is needed, and PO is a crucial aspect of evaluating the coronal plane in adult spinal deformity patients.

Methods:
Asymptomatic adult volunteers, ages 18–80 years, enrolled patients from 5 countries (France, Japan, Singapore, Tunisia, and the United States) in the “multiethnic alignment normative study” cohort (IRB 201812144). The included volunteers had no known spinal disorder(s), no significant neck or back pain (Visual Analog Scale: ≤2; Oswestry Disability Index: ≤20), and no abnormal alignment (Cobb ≤20°). PO was measured in the frontal plane as the distance between the highest points of each acetabulum, calculated along the vertical axis in millimeters (mm). The incidence of PO was defined as PO ≥10 mm. Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon rank-sum, Pearson correlation, and linear regression were used.

Results:
A total of 467 patients were included, and PO values by age, sex, body mass index, and country were provided. The overall incidence of PO ≥10 mm was 4.3%, and a nonsignificant trend toward increased PO with age was seen (P = 0.077). No significant differences were seen in PO between sex, ethnicity, or body mass index groups. No significant correlation existed between PO and other commonly used coronal radiographic measurements.

Conclusion:
PO ≥10 mm occurred in 4.3% of asymptomatic volunteers. Despite the importance of recognizing PO in preventing coronal malalignment, PO did not seem to be associated with other radiographic and demographic information, which underscores the importance of intentionally assessing for any PO before surgery. These results in an asymptomatic population provide a foundation for studying PO in patients with spinal pathology.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Effects on Spinal Decompressions With or Without Fusion
Authors: Siegel Nicholas , Lambrechts Mark J. , Brush Parker L. , Tomlak Alexa , Lee Yunsoo , Karamian Brian A. , Canseco Jose A. , Woods Barrett I. , Kaye I. David , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: November 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Objective:
The objectives were to (1) compare the safety of spine surgery before and after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and (2) determine whether patients with a history of COVID-19 were at increased risk of adverse events.

Summary and Background Data:
The COVID-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on several health care services. In spine surgery, elective cases were canceled and patients received delayed care due to the uncertainty of disease transmission and surgical outcomes. As new coronavirus variants arise, health care systems require guidance on how to provide optimal patient care to all those in need of our services.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective review of patients undergoing spine surgery between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2021 was performed. Patients were split into pre-COVID or post-COVID cohorts based on local government guidelines. Inpatient complications, 90-day readmission, and 90-day mortality were compared between groups. Secondary analysis included multiple logistic regression to determine independent predictors of each outcome.

Results:
A total of 2976 patients were included for analysis with 1701 patients designated as pre-COVID and 1275 as post-COVID. The pre-COVID cohort had fewer patients undergoing revision surgery (16.8% vs 21.9%, P < 0.001) and a lower home discharge rate (84.5% vs 88.2%, P = 0.008). Inpatient complication (9.9% vs 9.2%, P = 0.562), inpatient mortality (0.1% vs 0.2%, P = 0.193), 90-day readmission (3.4% vs 3.2%, P = 0.828), and 90-day mortality rates (0.8% vs 0.8%, P = 0.902) were similar between groups. Patients with positive COVID-19 tests before surgery had similar complication rates (7.7% vs 6.1%, P = 1.000) as those without a positive test documented.

Conclusions:
After the emergence of COVID-19, patients undergoing spine surgery had a greater number of medical comorbidities, but similar rates of inpatient complications, readmission, and mortality. Prior COVID-19 infection was not associated with an increased risk of postsurgical complications or mortality.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.