bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current strategies for the development of peptide‐based anti‐cancer therapeutics
Authors: Borghouts Corina , Kunz Christian , Groner Bernd 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe completion of the human genome sequence and the development of new techniques, which allow the visualisation of comprehensive gene expression patterns, has led to the identification of a large number of gene products differentially expressed in tumours and corresponding normal tissues. The task at hand is the sorting of these genes into correlative and causative ones. Correlative genes are merely changed as a consequence of transformation and have no decisive effects upon transformation. In contrast, causative genes play a direct role in the process of cellular transformation and the maintenance of the transformed state, which can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are prime targets for the development of new inhibitors and gene therapeutic strategies. However, many target oncogene products do not exhibit enzymatic activity that can be inhibited by conventional small molecular weight compounds. They exert their functions through regulated protein–protein or protein–DNA interactions and might require other compounds for efficient interference with such functions. Peptides are emerging as a novel class of drugs for cancer therapy, which could fulfil these tasks. Peptide therapy aims at the specific inhibition of inappropriately activated oncogenes. This review will focus on the selection procedures, which can be employed to identify useful peptides for the treatment of cancer. Before peptide‐based therapeutics can become useful, it will be necessary to increase their stability by modifications or the use of scaffolds. Additionally, various delivery methods including liposomes and particularly the use of protein transduction domains (PTDs) have to be explored. These strategies will yield highly specific and more effective peptides and improve the potential of peptide‐based anti‐cancer therapeutics. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 surfaces cleaved at low temperature and at room temperature from secondary ion mass spectrometry and work function measurements
Authors: Saito S. , Uhara Y. , Kogushi Y. , Yoshida H. , Isono S. , Yamasaki H. , Murakami H. , Sutou T. , Soumura T. , Kioka T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSecondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and work function measurements were made to examine the surface composition difference between Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 surfaces that were cleaved at low temperature and at room temperature. SIMS measurements of the surfaces cleaved at room temperature indicated that the intensity of secondary ions Ca+, Sr+, and Cu+ increases and the intensity of O– decreases with time. More‐ over, the work function increased with time. On the other hand, SIMS of the surfaces cleaved at low temperature indicated comparatively much smaller changes in intensity of secondary ion spectra and work function. These findings are discussed in terms of the decrease in surface oxygen content, and the effectiveness of the cleavage at low temperature is clarified. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron radiation damage in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 analysed in‐situ by cathodoluminescence in a transmission electron microscope
Authors: Scheel Hanne , Frank Gerhard , Strunk Horst P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis contribution describes the first results of a completely new approach to study in‐situ the radiation damage properties of semiconductors, particularly of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin solar films by cathodoluminescence in TEM. This method proved to be sensitive to the initial damage processes that occur on an atomic level and are thus inaccessible otherwise in the microscope. The in‐situ character of the investigation permits to analyze also the defect formation kinetics directly. We discuss the development of the cathodoluminescence spectra in dependence of electron dose and accelerating voltage for Cu(In1–xGax)Se2 with [Ga]/([Ga] + [In]) ratio x ranging from x = 0 to x = 1. The obtained results indicate that the films with equal Ga and In concentration are the least radiation sensitive ones. The voltage dependence of the damage rate indicates that the damage arises essentially due to displacement by electron knock‐on (in the voltage range 150–300 kV). The defect formation kinetics can be interpreted with a first model which is supported by annealing experiments. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A data‐driven approach for reduction of molecular simulations
Authors: Oguz Cihan , Gallivan Martha A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractStochastic simulations based on non‐equilibrium statistical mechanics describe the interactions among many discrete atoms or molecules, and thus describe the dynamics of materials processing in applications ranging from inorganic crystalline films to amorphous polymer melts. In general, non‐equilibrium thermodynamics does not directly yield a closed, low‐dimensional dynamic equation, although such a model would be desirable to analyse the dynamics and to optimize and control the process. A practical approach is described here in which targeted simulations are combined with systematic tools to elucidate the dynamics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process aspects of electroless deposition for nickel–zinc–phosphorous alloys
Authors: Abdel Hamid Z. , Ghanem W. A. , Abo El Enin S. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractElectroless deposition of Ni–Zn–P thin film was considered as a barrier film on a galvanic Zn or Ni–Zn sacrificial layer in a multicomponent corrosion protective coating on steel. The incorporation of zinc on the chemical composition of electroless Ni–Zn–P coating was studied. The effect of operating conditions such as temperature, pH value and concentration of zinc sulphate was investigated. Some physical characteristics such as morphology, structure, corrosion properties of Ni–Zn–P coatings were assessed in parallel with those of Ni–P. Inclusion of Zn to Ni–P is accompanied by the transformation of the coating structure from amorphous to crystalline. The effect of adding nonionic surfactant to the plating solution on the composition and surface morphologies was also investigated. The results indicate that nonionic surfactant has no effect on the Zn % in the deposit layer, but it affects the surface morphology and improves the corrosion resistance of Ni–Zn–P layers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of B‐doped Si multiple delta‐layer reference materials for SIMS profiling
Authors: Kim K. J. , Moon D. W. , Chi P. , Simons D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractB‐doped Si multiple delta‐layers (MDL) were developed as certified reference materials (CRM) for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling analysis. Two CRMs with different delta‐layer spacing were grown by ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD). The nominal spacing of the MDL for shallow junction analysis is 10 nm and that for high energy SIMS is 50 nm. The total thickness of the film was certified by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). The B‐doped Si MDLs can be used to evaluate SIMS depth resolution and to calibrate the depth scale. A consistency check of the calibration of stylus profilometers for measurement of sputter depth is another possible application. The crater depths measured by a stylus profilometer showed a good linear relationship with the thickness measured from SIMS profiling using the calibrated film thickness for depth scale calibration. The sputtering rate of the amorphous Si thin film grown by sputter deposition was found to be the same as that of the crystalline Si substrate, which means that the sputtering rate measured with these CRMs can be applied to a real analysis of crystalline Si. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative AES, XPS and RBS determination of intergranular bismuth coverage in copper bicrystals at 500 °C
Authors: Laporte V. , Berger P. , Wolski K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report on a comparative measurement of intergranular bismuth coverage on a copper substrate using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Bicrystalline copper samples were put in presence of bismuth vapour at 500 °C (consequently embrittled by the grain‐boundary penetration of Bi atoms), water‐quenched and subsequently fractured at room temperature. Each fracture surface was analysed by AES, XPS and RBS with the help of quantitative procedures developed for each of the three techniques. All possible sources of discrepancy were carefully examined. The combined quantitative approaches have led to excellent agreement. Such a good agreement constitutes a necessary condition to begin a critical discussion on the mechanisms potentially involved in the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) phenomenon. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐validated Cox regression on microarray gene expression data
Authors: van Houwelingen Hans C. , Bruinsma Tako , Hart Augustinus A. M. , van't Veer Laura J. , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper describes how penalized Cox regression, in combination with cross‐validated partial likelihood can be employed to obtain reliable survival prediction models for high dimensional microarray data. The suggested procedure is demonstrated on a breast cancer survival data set consisting of 295 tumours as collected in the National Cancer Institute in Amsterdam and previously reported in more general papers.The main aim of this paper it to show how generally accepted biostatistical procedures can be employed to analyse high‐dimensional data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of LongIndium Nitride Nanowires with Uniform Diameters in Large Quantities
Authors: Luo Shudong , Zhou Weiya , Zhang Zengxing , Liu Lifeng , Dou Xinyuan , Wang Jianxiong , Zhao Xiaowei , Liu Dongfang , Gao Yan , Song Li , Xiang Yanjuan , Zhou Jianjun , Xie Sishen 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLarge quantities of indium nitride (InN) nanowires are synthesized by the in situ nitriding of indium oxide (In2O3) powders in an ammonia (NH3) flux. Tens of milligrams of nanowires are obtained in one batch. Every 100 mg of In2O3starting powder can produce up to 65 mg of InN nanowires under the optimized conditions. The synthesized nanowires grow along the [001] direction with excellent crystallinity. They are of high purity and are 30–50 μm in length with an almost uniform diameter of about 100 nm. Photoluminescence measurements of the nanowires exhibit a strong peak at 707 nm. An optical bandgap of about 1.7 eV is estimated based on the absorption spectrum. The experimental results also demonstrate that the approach of nitriding In2O3powders in situ is feasible for the synthesis of high‐purity InN nanowires in large quantities, with good reproducibility and without catalyst materials. The synthesis of InN nanowires in large quantities would be of benefit to the further study and understanding of their intrinsic properties, as well as being advantageous for their potential application in nanodevices.
X‐ray fluorescence analysis with a pyroelectric x‐ray generator
Authors: Kawai Jun , Ida Hiroyuki , Murakami Hiroaki , Koyama Tetsuya 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSeveral types of handy x‐ray fluorescence spectrometers are presented. The results obtained with a Niton spectrometer are presented as a goal to develop a laboratory‐made spectrometer using an Amptek Cool‐X pyroelectric x‐ray generator. A small and cheap charge‐up x‐ray emitting device and its spectrum are also presented. Handy x‐ray spectrometers are now progressing rapidly and the detection limits are in the range of a few ppm for certain elements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogeography of Asian weaver ants,Oecophylla smaragdina
Authors: Azuma N. , Ogata K. , Kikuchi T. , Higashi S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe phylogeography ofOecophylla smaragdinawas studied using the mitochondrial cytochromebgene (Cytb), cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and nuclear long‐wavelength opsin gene (LWRh). Weaver ants were collected from 35 localities and from one to nine colonies per locality. Neighbor‐joining trees inferred from 647 bp of Cytb and 1,026 bp of COI usingOecophylla longinodaas an outgroup indicated that the haplotypes ofO. smaragdinawere clearly separated into seven groups: group 1 of India excluding West Bengal; group 2 of Bengal, Indochinese Peninsula, Malay Peninsula and Greater Sunda Islands, including Lombok and Sumbawa; group 3 of the Philippines; group 4 of Flores; group 5 of Sulawesi; group 6 of Halmahera; and group 7 of New Guinea and Australia. This grouping was also supported by a strict consensus tree derived from maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees. In addition, two haplotypes of LWRhwere found inO. smaragdina: one in group 2 and another in all the other groups. Comparison to haplotypes in other hymenopteran species suggests that group 2 is younger than other groups ofO. smaragdina. The clustering of the seven groups was coincident with geological evidence of the distribution of continents, islands, and seas during glacial periods.
Vegetation analysis in colonies of an endangered rodent, the Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae), in southern Portugal
Authors: Santos Sara M. , Simões M. Paula , Mathias Maria da Luz , Mira António 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae) is a threatened rodent endemic in the Iberian Peninsula with a patchy distribution and specific microhabitat requirements. This aim of this study was to document the composition of plant communities in habitats of Cabrera vole colonies in southern Portugal. Differences observed in plant species composition were also compared with vegetation structure, taxonomic and life form groups, species and group diversity, disturbance, topography and soil properties. Vegetation was sampled between March and July 2004, in 26 colonies occurring in five geographical areas. Grasses were the most abundant, common and diverse family in the colonies, and the perennial grass Agrostis castellana was present in 92% of colonies, with a mean cover of 16% of the site. Other frequently occurring species were Briza maxima (85%), Vulpia myuros (85%), Gaudinia fragilis (81%), Leontodon spp. (81%), Avena barbata (77%), Bromus hordeaceus (77%) and Tolpis barbata (77%). Colonies were classified in eight vegetation groups that included meadows, tall perennial grasslands, manured meadows with tall sedges, annual grasslands and ruderal and nitrophilous grasslands. Main gradients associated with composition differences were grass richness, annual and perennial grass cover, vegetation structure (herbaceous vegetation height), soil properties (texture and moisture), disturbance (ruderal species) and colony dimensions (area). Results suggest that the Cabrera vole is able to exploit a wide variety of grasslands, with a varying degree of ecological disturbance. Meadows and perennial grassland communities seem to be higher‐quality microhabitats for voles.
Factors determining the habitat of Drosera sessilifolia in the humid zone of the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Nemoto Masayuki , Libeiro José F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDrosera sessilifolia, a tiny carnivorous plant whose adult size is around 3 cm, sometimes inhabits the humid zone known as the “campo limpo umido” in the Brazilian Cerrado region. D. sessilifolia rarely occurs in the swampy area along the stream in this region; however, its occurrence is expected to decline with agricultural development. In the present study, we examined the factors determining the habitat and growth of D. sessilifolia in the campo limpo umido as well as how these factors have been modified by agricultural developments. Our survey suggests that the growth of D. sessilifolia is greatly influenced by light in areas where sufficient soil moisture is available. The light environment at the edge of a track constructed for reasons of agricultural development is in fact more suitable for D. sessilifolia than that found in the areas formerly inhabited by it. However, soon after construction, the artificial habitat may be occupied by tall‐growing plants. In the former habitat of D. sessilifolia, the amount of accumulated litter and the size of the submerged spot also influenced its growth. In order to conserve short‐growing plants, like D. sessilifolia in the plant community, the accompanying tall‐growing dominant grasses should be controlled by periodic human disturbance.
Economic impact of crisis intervention in emergency psychiatry: a naturalistic study
Authors: Damsa Cristian , Hummel Christopher , Sar Vedat , Di Clemente Thierry , Maris Susanne , Lazignac Coralie , Massarczyk Odile , Pull Charles 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveThis is a naturalistic study comparing the outcomes of all emergency psychiatric interventions in the Hospital Center of Luxemburg during two periods of six months each, before and after the introduction of a crisis intervention program. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical and economic impact of crisis intervention on psychiatric emergency admissions.MethodsAll subjects admitted to the emergency psychiatric unit during the two study periods were considered for participation. Data were collected retrospectively and comparisons were made between patients before (September 1, 2001 to February 28, 2002) and after (September 1, 2002 to February 28, 2003) crisis intervention programs were established.ResultsA comparison between the two patient groups demonstrated a significant decrease in the rate of voluntary hospitalizations after crisis intervention, and a significant increase in the number of patients with subsequent outpatient consultations. The cost increase due to ambulatory follow-ups was widely compensated for by the cost decrease due to hospitalization avoidance.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that crisis intervention leads to a shift from hospitalization to outpatient psychotherapeutic management in emergency psychiatric services, which has a significant economic impact.
The costs and effectiveness of two psychosocial treatment programmes for personality disorder: a controlled study
Authors: Beecham Jennifer , Sleed Michelle , Knapp Martin , Chiesa Marco , Drahorad Carla 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper examines the costs and cost-effectiveness of psychosocial treatment for personality disorder in a controlled study. Using well-validated cost and outcome measures three groups are compared: the One-Stage group (n = 32) received 12 months of inpatient treatment; the Step-Down group (n = 29) received 6 months of inpatient treatment followed by 12 months of outpatient therapy; and the control group of 47 people used routinely available services. Both specialist programmes were more effective than routine psychiatric services but more costly. Using an extended dominance approach the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio showed that achieving one extra person with clinically relevant outcomes required an investment in the Step-Down programme of around £3400 over 18 months. Small sample sizes and non-random allocation to programmes are limitations of this study but the costs and effectiveness findings consistently point to advantages for the shorter residential programme followed by community-based psychotherapeutic support.
Gender difference in relation to depression and quality of life among patients with a primary brain tumor
Authors: Mainio Arja , Hakko Helinä , Niemelä Asko , Koivukangas John , Räsänen Pirkko 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjective. –We studied the relationship between depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) as well as functional status in primary brain tumor patients at recurrent measurements. Differences in QOL between depressive and non-depressive samples by gender were controlled for tumor characteristics and patients' psychosocial factors.Materials and methods. –The data consisted of 77 patients with a primary brain tumor, 30 males and 47 females. Depression of the patients was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI), functional status by Karnofsky Performance scale (KPS) and QOL by Sintonen's 15D before tumor operation as well as at 3 months and at 1 year from surgical operation of the tumor.Results.The level of QOL in females was lower compared to that of males. Depression was the main predictor for worse QOL in the patients at all measurements. Depressive patients with a benign brain tumor had significantly worse QOL versus non-depressive ones.Discussion and conclusion. –Decreased QOL was strongly related to depression, especially among patients with a benign brain tumor. Further studies are needed to find whether sufficient depression therapy improves the QOL of patients.
European psychiatric treatment guidelines: is the glass half full or half empty?
Authors: Stiegler M. , Rummel C. , Wahlbeck K. , Kissling W. , Leucht S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeWe assessed the quality of European treatment guidelines in the field of mental health that have been produced by national psychiatric associations. The main focus was the question of whether the development process of the guidelines followed basic principles of evidence-based medicine.MethodsSixty-one European clinical practice guidelines from 14 countries, published between 1998 and 2003, were assessed using the ‘Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument’. The domain score was calculated for each of the six domains of the AGREE instrument. The seven items of the domain “rigor of development” and one additional item concerning national particularities were assessed in detail.ResultsThe mean scores in the six domains were rather low, although the quality varied among the different guidelines. The highest mean score was obtained in the domain clarity and presentation (70.8% S.D. 23.5), the lowest on editorial independence (19.7% S.D. 29.3). The recommendations of about half of the assessed guidelines could be considered to be evidence-based.ConclusionThe assessed guidelines showed a broad range of quality: some producers attached importance to an evidence-based development process; but in spite of this, a large number of guidelines were only of middling quality. As national particularities are only rarely mentioned and the development process of guidelines is complex, an international collaboration that aims toward the production of shareable guidelines might be promising.