bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for the Synthesis of β-Amino–β′-Hydroxy Ketones by the Samarium(II) Iodide-mediated Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes with Aryl or Alkyl Aziridinyl Ketones
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Ogawa Yasuyuki , Kuroda Kiichi 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
β-Amino–β′-hydroxy ketones were synthesized by the aldol reaction of aldehydes with samarium enolates generated by aziridine fragmentation of aryl or alkyl aziridinyl ketones with two moles of samarium(II) iodide.
Dinuclear Manganese(II) Complex Containing Tetrakis(2-pyridyl)methane as a Spiro-fused Bridge
Authors: Okazawa Atsushi , Ishida Takayuki , Nogami Takashi 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
A dinuclear manganese(II) complex [{Mn(hfac)2}2(py4C)] was synthesized, where hfac and py4C denote 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dionate and tetrakis(2-pyridyl)methane, respectively. X-Ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the dihedral angle was 87.4(2)° between two chelate rings around the spiro center. Very weak antiferromagnetic interaction is operative between manganese(II) spins.
3-Dithiolthione-substituted Polythiophene and Its Redox Activities
Authors: Takemura Ichiro , Iwasaki Tomokazu , Takeoka Shinji , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
We synthesized 3-dithiolthione-substituted polythiophene, poly[3-(1′,2′-dithiol-3′-thione-4′-yl)thiophene], by cyclization reaction of poly[3-bis(methoxycaronyl)methyl thiophene]. Its redox behavior and electronic states showed that the oxidation of the polythiophene followed the oxidation of the dithiolthione ring to the radical cation of the dithiolthione ring.
Synthesis and Structure of 1-Titana- and 1-Hafnacyclopent-3-yne Complexes
Authors: Suzuki Noriyuki , Watanabe Takaaki , Hirose Takuji , Chihara Teiji 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
1-Titanacyclopent-3-yne and 1-hafnacyclopent-3-yne complexes were synthesized, and one of the titanium compounds was structurally characterized. Its molecular structure was similar to the zirconium analogue, although shorter Ti–C bonds may emphasize the ring strain of the five-membered cyclic alkyne structure.
Preparation of Ordered Multilayer Titania/polymer Nanocomposite Thin Films by Evaporation-induced Self-assembly
Authors: Zhang Shengmao , He Benfang , Zhang Zhijun , Dang Hongxin , Liu Weimin , Xue Qunji 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The ordered multiplayer TiO2/Poly(DMCB) nanocomposite thin films were prepared by an evaporation-induced self-assembly method on a glass substrate. In the nanocomposite thin films, the surfactant DMCB was used as both structure-directing agents and monomers. The structures of the films were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and TEM. The results indicated that the films were composed of organic and inorganic layers with orderly interlaced arrangement and the interlayer distance between organic layer and inorganic layer was 7.17 and 6.26 nm before and after polymerization, respectively.
Encouraging young males to perform testicular self‐examination: A simple, but effective, implementation intentions intervention
Authors: Steadman Liz , Quine Lyn 
Published: October 2004

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a simple psychological intervention known as ‘implementation intentions’ to promote performance of testicular self‐examination (TSE) in a sample of young males.Method: A prospective, randomized controlled design measured knowledge of testicular cancer, prior experience with TSE and intention to perform TSE within a 3‐week period. Participants in the intervention group were instructed to formulate specific plans for when and where they would perform TSE. Three weeks later, a second questionnaire assessed self‐reported performance of TSE during the study period and future intention to perform TSE. One hundred and fifty‐nine male undergraduates aged between 18 and 35 were assigned, at random, to an intervention or non‐intervention group. Men over 35 were excluded so that the sample reflected the highest risk age group for testicular cancer. Just under half the original participants (76/159) completed the study. We measured performance of TSE and future intention to perform TSE.Results: Responders and non‐responders did not differ on any of the measures assessed at Time 1. At Time 2, 30 (65%) participants in the intervention reported performing TSE compared with 12 (40%) in the control condition, and chi‐squared analyses revealed that the difference was significant.Conclusions: The implementation intentions intervention procedure, which encourages the use of environmental and contextual ‘cues’ to prompt a desired behaviour, appears to offer a promising strategy for encouraging the performance of TSE.
Appraisal theory and emotional sequelae of first visit to colposcopy following an abnormal cervical screening result
Authors: Orbell Sheina , Hagger Martin , Brown Val , Tidy John 
Published: October 2004

Objectives: Attendance at colposcopy following an abnormal cervical smear is potentially a highly distressing event. This study evaluates the role of cognitive appraisal components (Lazarus, 1991; Smithet al., 1993) in explaining emotional reactions to this event. We also compare the psychological sequelae of immediate treatment at first colposcopy (See and Treat, ST) vs. colposcopy with treatment deferred to a later date (Diagnose and Defer, DD).Method: One thousand and eighty‐five women referred for colposcopy completed a questionnaire assessing appraisal and emotion following their attendance. Clinical data were abstracted from medical records and social deprivation scores were estimated from postal code information based on normative data.Results: Diagnosis and cognitive appraisals were each significantly associated with emotion, together accounting for between 3 and 15% of variance in different emotions. Specific patterns of appraisal explained specific emotions in line with theoretical predictions. Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 2 or CIN 3 undergoing ‘ST’ were less anxious, less embarrassed and significantly more relieved compared with a matched sample of women undergoing ‘DT', and perceived their first appointment as more motivationally congruent.Conclusion: Diagnosis, motivationally incongruent experiences and low emotion‐focused coping potential are the most important determinants of anxiety after colposcopy. ‘See and Treat’ appears to have a positive psychological impact by increasing motivational congruence.
Does perceived behavioural control mediate the relationship between power beliefs and intention?
Authors: Godin Gaston , Gagné Camille , Sheeran Paschal 
Published: October 2004

Objectives: In order to determine whether the relationship between power beliefs (Σp) and health‐related behavioural intentions is mediated by perceived behavioural control (PBC) we used structural equation modelling of eight cross‐sectional data sets.Method: Eight studies that examined health‐related behaviours and employed representative samples totallingN = 4663 participants were analysed. All studies involved power belief items derived from pilot testing and employed standard multiitem measures of power beliefs, PBC and intention that were highly reliable.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the discriminant validity of power beliefs, PBC and intention. Structural equation modelling of relevant paths indicated that PBC only partially mediated the relationship between power beliefs and intention (ZSobel = 5.15,p < .001;ZBaron&Kenny = 5.16,p < .001). Power beliefs had a significant direct relationship with intention even after PBC had been taken into account.Conclusion: The findings undermine Ajzen's contention that PBC mediates the power beliefs‐intention relationship and suggests that it is important to employ measures of power beliefsin addition to measures of PBC in order to enhance the prediction of intentions to perform health‐risking, or health‐promoting, behaviours.
In Silico Prediction of the Deleterious Effect of a Mutation: Proceed with Caution in Clinical Genetics
Authors: Tchernitchko Dimitri , Goossens Michel , Wajcman Henri 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWhen a sequence variation is found in a candidate gene for a disease, it is important to establish whether this change is neutral or responsible for the observed disorders in a patient. To answer this question, in the absence of further experimental investigations, several simulation programs have been proposed to predict whether a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism is likely to have or not have a deleterious effect on the phenotype. In this work, we tested two such programs, PolyPhen and SIFT, using two kinds of targets. The first ones concerned the products of the hemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase genes, which are abundantly documented. The second concerned two systems for which much less information is available: (a) the TNFRSF1A gene, implicated in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome, and (b) the MEFV gene, which is believed to be involved in familial Mediterranean fever. Our data suggest that, from a practical point of view, these programs should not be used to decide, in the absence of other tests or arguments, whether the sequence variation found in a patient is or is not responsible for the disease. The consequence of an erroneous prediction may be disastrous in the perspective of genetic counseling.
The significance of serum γ-glutamyltransferase in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Pompella Alfonso , Emdin Michele , Passino Claudio , Paolicchi Aldo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSince early after the introduction of serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in clinical practice as a reliable and widely employed laboratory test, epidemiological and prospective studies have repeatedly shown that this activity possesses a prognostic value for morbidity and mortality. The association is independent of possibly concomitant conditions of liver disease, and notably, a significant independent correlation of serum GGT exists with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke). Experimental work has documented that active GGT is present in atherosclerotic plaques of coronary as well as in cerebral arteries. These findings, and the recently recognized functions of GGT in the generation of reactive oxygen species, indicate that serum GGT represents a true marker of cardiovascular diseases and underlying atherosclerosis. Further insights into potential therapeutic interest will probably be derived from studies investigating the origin of GGT activity in plaque tissue.
Expression level of MDR1 message in peripheral blood leukocytes from healthy adults: a competitive nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay for its determination
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Takemura Yuzuru , Hayashi Tsukasa , Ujiiye Takeshi , Kawase Masako , Niino Yasuhiro , Miyachi Hayato , Ohshima Toshio , Hotta Tomomitsu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAccurate quantification of multidrug resistance-1 gene (
Alteration of homocysteine catabolism in pre-eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and placental insufficiency
Authors: Herrmann Wolfgang , Hübner Ulrich , Koch Ines , Obeid Rima , Retzke Ulrich , Geisel Jürgen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor in obstetrical complications such as pre-eclampsia, ‘hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet’ (HELLP)-syndrome and placental insufficiency. The aim of our study was to investigate the alterations of homocysteine catabolism in these patients in relation to serum B-vitamins and renal function. Maternal fasting serum from preeclampsia (n = 24), HELLP (n = 20) and placental insufficiency (n = 25) patients at the time of diagnosis and pregnant controls (n = 34) was analyzed for homocysteine and its metabolites cystathionine and methylmalonic acid, the vitamins B
Time course of systemic markers of inflammation in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Brueckmann Martina , Bertsch Thomas , Lang Siegfried , Sueselbeck Tim , Wolpert Christian , Kaden Jens J. , Jaramillo Carlos , Huhle Guenter , Borggrefe Martin , Haase Karl K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInflammation within coronary plaques may cause an acute coronary syndrome by promoting rupture and erosion. It was the aim of this study to examine whether markers of inflammation derive from a cardiac or extracardiac source and how their levels develop over time.Blood samples were taken from patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) with proven atherosclerotic lesion(s) of the left coronary artery (n = 13) and from control patients without coronary artery disease (n = 13). Blood was taken from the femoral vein and the coronary sinus vein before and after coronary angioplasty (day 0) and on days 1 and 120.Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were higher in ACS patients as compared to controls and remained elevated up to day 120. In the long-term time course these markers of inflammation and plaque remodeling slightly decreased in ACS patients. There were no statistically significant differences detectable in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1 β, IL-10, IL-1 ra, sCD40L and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the blood of ACS patients taken from a cardiac source as compared to an extracardiac source (coronary sinus vs. femoral vein).This study demonstrates the importance of a systemic inflammatory condition in patients with ACS, in whom markers of inflammation are increased as compared to controls. During long-term follow-up the pro-inflammatory activity remains elevated in ACS patients, supporting the concept of a systemic rather than a local vascular inflammation contributing to the development of atherosclerosis.
Potential pitfalls of comparative measurements of reticulocytes with flow cytometry and microscopy in prematures and infants
Authors: Wiegand Gesa , Effenberger-Klein Anja , Weber Rainer , Kosanke Wolfgang , Niethammer Dietrich , Bruchelt Gernot 
Published: October 2004

AbstractReticulocyte counting by flow cytometry (Bayer H*3, ADVIA 120) in blood of prematures, infants and children > 1 year of age was compared with microscopic counting under research conditions (9000 counted red blood cells per slide). While in children > 1 year a good concordance of both methods was observed, 2.3–2.4-fold higher values were obtained in neonates by microscopy (Brilliant Cresyl Blue stain, 0.5%). However, another laboratory found good agreement between H*3-counting and microscopy in samples also obtained from neonates using the same methods. Despite very similar results for all age groups in comparative flow cytometry measurements in both laboratories, counting of smears from neonates differed, showing an approximately 2.3-fold larger amount of reticulocytes in our laboratory. The reason for these observations was a greater enlargement (1250-fold) used routinely in our laboratory compared with 800-fold in the other one. Thus very mature reticulocytes frequently found in neonates could only be detected using a 1250-fold enlargement. Similarly, the low concentration of the colouring matter used in the H*3 (0.0005% oxazin or 0.001% ADVIA 120) is obviously not sufficient for detection of mature reticulocytes. Therefore, it is important to consider this phenomenon and to standardise microscopic enlargement, especially for comparisons in multicentre studies.
A particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay for quantitative determination of orosomucoid in urine: development, validation and reference values
Authors: Christiansen Merete S. , Blirup-Jensen Søren , Foged Lise , Larsen Marianne , Magid Erik 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIncreased urinary orosomucoid excretion rate (UOER) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, as demonstrated by a conventional, immunoturbidimetric method. We wanted to optimize the method by developing a fully automated, particle-enhanced turbidimetric (PET) immunoassay with a lower detection limit, to allow assessment of orosomucoid in urine in healthy individuals and patients. A micro-particle-based immunoreagent was prepared for a PET immunoassay. The calibration was traceable to the certified reference material (CRM 470) for specific human serum proteins. We studied 69 healthy adults (28 men and 41 women) to establish reference values for the new assay. The detection limit of orosomucoid in urine was found to be 0.05 mg/l, about 20 times lower than for the conventional assay. Within-run imprecision [CV%, (level)] was 6.7% (0.23 mg/l), 1.0% (1.08 mg/l) and 1.0% (4.69 mg/l). Total imprecision [CV%, (level)] was 10.4% (0.23 mg/l), 3.9% (1.08 mg/l) and 3.4% (4.69 mg/l). Reference values [median (2.5–97.5 percentiles)] for UOER were 0.36 (0.07–2.04) µg/min and for urinary orosomucoid/creatinine ratio 0.04 (0.009–0.17) mg/mmol. We describe a fully automated, transferable, sufficiently precise, high-sensitivity assay for orosomucoid in urine and present reference values traceable to CRM 470.
Multicentre performance evaluation of the E170 Module for MODULAR ANALYTICS
Authors: Bieglmayer Christian , Chan Daniel W. , Sokoll Lori , Imdahl Roland , Kobayashi Masaji , Yamada Erike , Lilje Diana J. , Luthe Hilmar , Meissner Jochen , Messeri Gianni , Celli Alessandra , Tozzi Paola , Roth Heinz-Jürgen , Schmidt Frank-Peter , Mächler Marie-Luise , Schuff-Werner Peter , Zingler Christiana , Smitz Johan , Schiettecatte Johan , Vonderschmitt Dieter J. , Pei Patrick , Ng Katherine , Ebert Christoph , Kirch Peter , Wanger Michael , McGovern Margaret , Stockmann Wolfgang , Kunst Albert 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe E170 module was evaluated at 13 sites in an international multicentre study. The objective of the study was to assess the analytical performance of 49 analytes, and to collect feedback on the system’s reliability and practicability. The typical, within-run coefficients of variation (CVs) for most of the quantitative assays ranged between 1 and 2% while a range of 2–4% was achieved with the infectious disease methods. Total precision CVs were found to be within the manufacturer’s expected performance ranges, demonstrating good concordance of the system’s measuring channels and a high reproducibility during the 2–4-week trial period. The functional sensitivity of 11 selected assays met the clinical requirements (e.g., thyreotroponin (TSH) 0.008 mU/l, troponin T 0.02 µg/l, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 0.03 µg/l). The E170 showed no drift during an 8-hour period and no relevant reagent carryover. Accuracy was confirmed by ring trial experiments and method comparisons vs. Elecsys
On The Permeability of Main Wood Species in China
Authors: Bao Fucheng , Lu Jianxiong , Avramidis Stavros 
Published: October 2004

Summary
This research dealt with the longitudinal air permeability of 40 important Chinese woods. The air
permeabilities measured at about 10% moisture content for softwoods ranged between 0.00759 and
1.87130 darcy, while for hardwoods ranged between 0.00182 and 13.49867 darcy. The sapwood
permeability of both softwoods and hardwoods was generally much higher than that of heartwood with
3 to 144 and 1 to 1302 times, respectively. The permeability values of wood were not affected by
density between and within species. In all species studied, the permeability of heartwood of all
softwoods, about 70% ring-porous and about 30% diffuse-porous or semi-diffuse porous hardwoods
were below 0.1 darcy. The number of low permeability softwoods was higher than that of hardwoods.
The number of low permeability ring-porous hardwoods was higher than that of diffuse-porous or
semi-diffuse porous hardwoods. Finally, all the studied species were classified into five categories by
their longitudinal permeabilities.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Dilute Aqueous Solution by Coniferous Leaves
Authors: Aoyama M. , Sugiyama T. , Doi S. , Cho N.-S , Kim H.-E. 
Published: October 2004

Summary
The ability of coniferous leaves to remove Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by physico-chemical
adsorption and chemical reduction was investigated. Of 30 coniferous tree species tested, relatively high
removal ability was found in Ginkgo, Larix, Pinus, Cryptomeria, Metasequoia, Taxodium, Thuja and
Thujopsis spp. To search for optimum operation condition for treatment of wastewater containing
Cr(VI), factors affecting Cr(VI) removal were studied using P. densiflora leaves. The extent of the
removal was dependent upon the initial solution pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration
of Cr(VI) in solution. The Cr(VI) removal was mainly governed by the physico-chemical adsorption
onto the substrate. The adsorption data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm.
Performance of Copper and Non-Copper Based Wood Preservatives in Terrestrial Microcosms
Authors: Edlund Marie-Louise , Nilsson Thomas 
Published: October 2004

Summary
The use of wood preservatives based on copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) has become restricted
in several countries due to environmental concerns. As a consequence, several chromium and arsenic
free preservatives based on fungicides, regarded as more environmentally acceptable, have been
developed. Most of these preservatives have only been tested in the laboratory against pure cultures of
basidiomycetes and their long term effectiveness in practice is in many cases unknown.
The effectiveness of six different preservatives, representing different types and combinations of
fungicides, against mixed natural populations of micro-organisms, was evaluated during one year in
terrestrial microcosms with soils known to provide high activity of different types of wood destroying
micro-organisms.
Of the fungicides tested, copper compounds provided the best protection against wood destroying
micro-organisms. Copper free preservatives provided good protection against pure cultures of brown- and
white rot fungi, but were ineffective when treated stakes were exposed in unsterile soils.
Micromorphological Characteristics of Compression Wood Degradation in Waterlogged Archaeological Pine Wood
Authors: Kim Yoon Soo , Singh Adya P. 
Published: October 2004

Summary
The degradation characteristics of waterlogged archaeological compression wood excavated in South
Korea were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning
microscopy (CLSM). Degradation of Pinus compression wood occurred mainly in the inner part of the
S2 layer. In contrast, the outer part of the S2 layer remained relatively intact. CLSM and TEM showed
the erosion type of bacterial attack to be dominant in the secondary cell walls of both severe and mild
compression wood. However, in some cases the middle lamella was also degraded, which suggests that
other forms of microbial attacks, such as bacterial tunnelling, were also present. Bacterial erosion in
the severe compression wood was mainly confined to the inner part of the S2 layer whereas in the mild
compression wood it also extended into the outer part of the S2 and the S1 layer. The extent of erosion
correlated to the differences in the amount and distribution of lignin, particularly in the outer S2 layer
between the severe and mild compression wood cells. These features are compared with the degradation
of normal Pinus wood.