bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and genetic study of a large SPG4 Italian family
Authors: Orlacchio Antonio , Kawarai Toshitaka , Gaudiello Fabrizio , Totaro Antonio , Schillaci Orazio , Stefani Alessandro , Floris Roberto , St. George‐Hyslop Peter H. , Sorbi Sandro , Bernardi Giorgio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA novel SPG4 906delT frame‐shift mutation in exon 6 was identified in a large Italian family with an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP). Intrafamilial phenotypic variations observed in the pedigree included spasticity and additional clinical features, such as peripheral sensory–motor neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and urological dysfunction. Severe clinical features were found predominantly in the men who were affected, and there was no statistically significant correlation of disability and time since onset of symptoms, suggesting the existence of other genetic/nongenetic modifier(s), including gender. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Classification conundrums in paroxysmal dyskinesias: A new subtype or variations on classic themes?
Authors: Pourfar Michael H. , Guerrini Renzo , Parain Dominique , Frucht Steven J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractParoxysmal movement disorders are a group of heterogeneous entities that have been categorized based on their most salient features. The four classic categories of paroxysmal dyskinesias are kinesigenic, nonkinesigenic, hypnogenic, and exercise‐induced. The phenotypic variability of these disorders, coupled with new insights into their possible etiologies, has made the task of classification increasingly problematic. We describe 4 cases that do not fit easily into the current classification scheme, compare them with four others recently described in the literature, and raise the question as to whether they constitute a new subtype. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in progressive supranuclear palsy with an overriding oculocephalic maneuver
Authors: Flint Alexander C. , Williams Olajide 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present a patient with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who had a bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) that could be fully overcome by the oculocephalic maneuver. In addition to being an unusual finding in the clinical setting of PSP, this phenomenon has interesting implications for the functional control of conjugate horizontal gaze. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Episodes of hypoxemia during synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation in ventilator‐dependent very low birth weight infants
Authors: Firme Steve R.E. , McEvoy Cindy T. , Alconcel Celia , Tanner Jason , Durand Manuel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDistinct patterns of asynchrony, and episodes of hypoxemia, may occur in a spontaneously breathing preterm infant during conventional intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) on traditional time‐cycled, pressure‐limited ventilators. Synchronized IMV (SIMV) and assist/control ventilation are frequent modes of patient‐triggered ventilation used with infant ventilators. The objective of this study was to use computerized pulse oximetry to quantify the occurrence of episodes of hypoxemia (oxygen desaturation) during SIMV vs. IMV, in preterm infants ≤1,250 g who required mechanical ventilation at ≥14 days of age. We performed a randomized, crossover study with each infant being randomized to IMV or SIMV (Infant Star ventilator) for initial testing for a 1‐hr period. Patients were subsequently tested on the alternate modality after a stabilization period of 10 min at the same ventilator and fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) settings. Pulse oximetry data were obtained with a Nellcor N‐200 monitor, a microcomputer, and a software program (SatMaster). An investigator blinded to the randomized assignment evaluated all measurements. Eighteen very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with a birth weight of 777 ± 39 g (mean ± SEM) and gestational age 25.1 ± 0.3 weeks were studied. The average pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SaO2) was higher on SIMV than IMV (P < 0.01). During SIMV, these infants had significantly fewer episodes of hypoxemia (duration of episodes of oxygen desaturation as a percentage of scorable recording time) to 86–90% SaO2 (P < 0.01), 81–85% SaO2 (P < 0.01), and 76–80% SaO2 (P < 0.05) when compared to IMV. There was also a significant decrease in percentage of time of desaturation to SaO2 < 90% (P = 0.002), < 85% SaO2 (P = 0.003), and <80% SaO2 (P = 0.02) during SIMV vs. IMV. Our preliminary findings indicate that the use of SIMV in a population of VLBW ventilator‐dependent infants (≥14 days of age) results in better oxygenation and decreased episodes of hypoxemia as compared to IMV. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solving Virasoro constraints in matrix models
Authors: Alexandrov A. , Mironov A. , Morozov A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis is a brief review of recent progress in constructing solutions to the matrix model Virasoro equations. These equations are parameterized by a degreenpolynomialWn(x), and the general solution is labeled by an arbitrary function ofn− 1 coefficients of the polynomial. We also discuss in this general framework a special class of (multi‐cut) solutions recently studied in the context of 𝒩 = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories.
Higher spin holography and string states on AdS5 × S5
Authors: Morales J.F. , Samtleben H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe review the recent proposal for the full string spectrum on AdS5 × S5 at the higher spin symmetry enhancement point and its agreement with the free SYM spectrum. The spectrum exhibits a hidden symmetry structure larger than expected, with bosonic subgroup SO(10,2) and thirty‐two supercharges. A similar correspondence is found between the spectra on warped AdSd + 1 × S9−d compactifications and d‐dimensional SYM theories.
Topological G2 strings
Authors: de Boer J. , Naqvi A. , Shomer A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe review the recently found map that takes any static and neutral
Kaluza‐Klein black hole, i.e.
any static and neutral black hole on Minkowski‐space times a circle
ℳ︁d × S1, and maps it to a corresponding solution
for
a non‐ and near‐extremal brane on a circle.
This gives a precise connection between phases of Kaluza‐Klein
black holes and the thermodynamic behavior of the
non‐gravitational theories dual to near‐extremal branes on a circle. In
particular, for the thermodynamics of strongly‐coupled
supersymmetric Yang‐Mills theories on a circle we predict the
existence of a new non‐uniform phase and find new information
about the localized phase. We also find evidence for the existence
of a new stable phase of (2,0)
Little String Theory in the canonical ensemble
for temperatures above its Hagedorn temperature.
Three‐loop test of the dilatation operator and integrability in 𝒩 = 4 SYM
Authors: Eden B. , Jarczak C. , Sokatchev E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report on a three‐loop calculation of the anomalous dimension of the Konishi operator and of the BMN operator of dimension three. Our results confirm the unique form of the 𝒩 = 4 SYM dilatation operator compatible with BMN scaling.
Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in rats
Authors: Santamarta María Teresa , Ulibarri Isabel , Pineda Joseba 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOur previous results have shown the involvement of nitric oxide in acute opioid desensitization of μ‐opioid receptors in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the effect of repeated administration of 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI; 30 mg/kg/12 h, i.p., 3 days), an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vivo, on μ‐opioid receptor tolerance induced by subchronic treatment with morphine in rats. The inhibitory effect of the opioid agonist Met5‐enkephalin (ME) on the cell firing rate was evaluated by single‐unit extracellular recordings of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus from brain slices, and the antinociceptive effect of morphine was measured by tail‐flick techniques. In morphine‐treated animals, concentration‐effect curves for ME in the locus coeruleus were shifted by 5‐fold to the right as compared to those in sham‐treated animals, which confirmed the induction of μ‐opioid receptor tolerance. However, tolerance to ME in morphine‐treated rats was fully prevented by co‐administration of 7‐NI when compared to the vehicle‐morphine group. Likewise, the antinociceptive effect of morphine was reduced in morphine‐treated animals as compared to the sham group, whereas the antinociceptive tolerance was partially prevented by co‐administration of 7‐NI in morphine‐treated rats (when compared to the vehicle‐morphine group). Finally, 7‐NI administration in sham‐treated rats failed to change the effect induced by ME on the locus coeruleus or by morphine in the tail‐flick test as compared to vehicle groups. These results demonstrate that subchronic administration of a neuronal inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase attenuates the development of morphine tolerance to the cellular and analgesic effects of μ‐opioid receptor agonists. Synapse 57:38–46, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural alterations in hippocampal mossy fiber synapses in schizophrenia: A postmortem morphometric study
Authors: Kolomeets Natalya S. , Orlovskaya Diana D. , Rachmanova Valentina I. , Uranova Natalya A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSynapses formed between mossy fibers, the axons of hippocampal dentate granular cells, and the dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons are important links within the trisynaptic circuitry. Abnormalities in this circuitry are associated with the failure of schizophrenics to integrate affective experience with higher cognitive function, and with disturbances in memory and spatial learning processes. The abnormalities include reduced size and altered dendritic arborization of CA3 pyramidal neurons. In addition, decreased expression and binding activity of glutamate receptors have been reported, predominantly in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. These findings suggest that there are disturbed neuronal processes and connections in the hippocampus of schizophrenics. An electron microscope morphometric study of synaptic contacts between mossy fiber axon terminals (MFT) and branched dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in stratum lucidum of the CA3 region of the hippocampus was performed in 10 normal controls and 9 age‐matched chronic schizophrenics (postmortem delay 3–9 h). Schizophrenic cases with predominantly positive symptoms had a significantly reduced volume fraction of spines (−35%, P < 0.05), total number of invaginated spines (−47%, P < 0.01), and number of spines forming synapses (−32%, P < 0.05) per MFT compared with the control group. No effects of postmortem delay, age, duration of disease, or neuroleptic exposure were found. These data may reflect decreased efficacy of mossy fiber synapses in the CA3 hippocampal region in schizophrenics with predominantly positive symptoms. These data are in line with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Synapse 57:47–55, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ketamine and amphetamine both enhance synaptic transmission in the amygdala–nucleus accumbens pathway but with different time‐courses
Authors: Kessal Karima , Chessel Aline , Spennato Guillaume , Garcia René 
Published: April 2005

AbstractExcitatory glutamatergic fibers from limbic structures, such as the hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala, are known to converge on the same neurons in the nucleus accumbens. We have recently shown that ketamine, at a dose (25 mg/kg) that produces psychosis‐like behaviors in rats, decreases glutamatergic transmission between the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens. Here we investigated whether ketamine also affects glutamatergic transmission between the basolateral amygdala and the nucleus accumbens. We also studied the effects of amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg), known to evoke psychosis‐like behaviors in rats. We found that each drug produced a long‐lasting (at least 30 min) potentiation of synaptic efficacy in the projection from the basolateral amygdala to the nucleus accumbens. However, while this synaptic potentiation developed shortly after ketamine injection (within 4 min), it occurred after a 30‐min delay in rats injected with amphetamine. These data reveal, in freely behaving rats, that ketamine has a more rapid and powerful effect on projection targets of the basolateral amygdala than does amphetamine. Synapse 57:61–65, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy of human malignancies with immune RNA
Authors: Dekernion Jean B. , Ramming Kenneth P. , Pilch Yosef H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractImmune RNA (I‐RNA) is an RNA‐rich nucleic acid preparation extracted from lymphoid cells or tissues following exposure to specific antigens in vitro or sensitization to specific antigens in vivo. It has been shown to induce normal, nonimmune lymphoid cells to mediate specific cellular and humoral immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have demonstrated that I‐RNA preparations extracted from the lymphoid organs of animals immunized with tumor cells mediate specific immune responses against tumor associated antigens in both animal models and human tumor systems. Based on this work, preliminary clinical trials of I‐RNA immunotherapy were initiated 3 years ago. Cancer patients were treated with I‐RNA extracted from the lymphoid organs of sheep immunized with either autologous tumor cells or allogeneic tumor cells of the same histologic type. I‐RNA was administered weekly, intradermally, at doses of 4 to 8 mg/week without any significant local or systemic toxicity. The results of these preliminary trials suggest increased survival in patients with metastatic hypernephroma and possible benefit in the form of decreased recurrence rate in the adjuvant immunotherapy of patients with malignant melanoma. A prospectively randomized trial of adjuvant immunotherapy with I‐RNA in patients with Dukes' classes B2 and C colorectal cancer has been recently undertaken.
Studies on the release of extra‐antral gastrin evidence of vagal inhibition in the dog
Authors: Wheeler M. H. , Bhattacherjee S. , Psaila J. V. , McLeish A. R. , Poxom V. , Owens C. , Clendinnen B. G. , Alexander‐Williams J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSerum gastrin concentration was measured in 3 dogs after a meat meal; basal levels rose significantly after 10 minutes. After antrectomy with a Billroth I, and later a Billroth II anastomosis, the tests were repeated. Basal gastrin levels were unchanged but the rise after meat feeding was abolished. Four antrectomized dogs with a BII anastomosis and cannulae in both the duodenum and stomach were used to examine the effect of duodenal perfusion on serum gastrin. Whether the perfusate was 150 mM NaCl, 150 mM HCl or 0.1% acetylcholine, the mean serum gastrin levels did not differ significantly from basal levels. Transthoracic vagotomy in antrectomized dogs produced a significant rise in basal gastrin levels, but did not restore the response to a meat meal or duodenal perfusion.Parallel studies were conducted in 6 antrectomized, vagotomized patients who had undergone Roux‐en‐Y conversion for postgastrectomy bilious vomiting, and in 2 patients after total gastrectomy. Duodenal perfusion via duodenostomy tubes with 150 mM NaCl, 150 mM HCl, fat emulsion, and an amino acid mixture did not raise serum gastrin above basal levels.Since meat feeding and duodenal perfusion in antrectomized dogs and humans failed to stimulate a rise in serum gastrin, we conclude that the intestinal phase of gastric secretion is unlikely to be mediated by gastrin. The results following vagotomy in the dog suggest that extragastric basal gastrin release is vagally inhibited or that vagotomy interferes with the catabolic destruction of gastrin.
Upper dorsal sympathectomy for palmar primary hyperhidrosis by the supraclavicular approach
Authors: Kurchin A. , Zweig A. , Adar R. , Mozes M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis report provides a detailed description of the operative technique, anatomical variations, and surgical pitfalls of supraclavicular upper dorsal sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis, based on experience with performance of a simultaneous bilateral operation in 155 patients between 1971 and 1976. The denervation is preganglionic and is confined to removal of T2 and T3 ganglia. Frozen section examination of the specimen is useful in preventing technical failure. Persistent Horner's syndrome occurred in 8% of the patients and is the main complication of the procedure. The advantages of the supraclavicular approach are ease of performing a bilateral procedure, few pulmonary complications because of the extrapleural approach, minimal overall morbidity, and good results in relieving palmar hyperhidrosis.
Saphenous vein loop fistula in the thigh for maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Kinnaert P. , Vereerstraeten P. , Toussaint C. , Van Geertruyden J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThirty patients with 31 saphenous vein loop fistulas (SVLF) constructed in the thigh were followed up for 1–31 months. The predicted patency rates for these blood access devices were 75% at 1 year and 43% at 2 years. For 277 patients with direct arteriovenous (A‐V) fistulas located in the forearm (FF), these percentages were 85% and 83%, respectively. There were several differences between the 2 groups, including a higher percentage (84%) of women in the SVLF group than in the FF group (39%,p < 0.0005). In addition, 19% of SVLF patients had polycystic kidney disease, while only 10% of the FF patients suffered from this disease. The incidence of false aneurysms was significantly higher with SVLF (16%) than with FF (2%,p < 0.0005).
Effects of gastric resection and vagotomy on blood and bone mineral content
Authors: Blichert‐Toft Mogens , Beck Anne , Christiansen Claus , Transbøl Ib. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis investigation evaluates the effects of the Billroth II and I gastric resections and of vagotomy on blood and bone minerals in comparable groups of male patients with peptic ulcer who had no other potentially demineralizing conditions. The series includes 153 patients divided into 3 subgroups according to the type of gastric operation that had been carried out on an average of 5 years earlier (range 1–10 years).A definite trend towards hypocalcemia (p < 0.001) and a modest loss of bone mineral as judged by photon absorptiometry (p < 0.05) occurred in the groups subjected to gastric resection, while changes of statistical significance were not observed following vagotomy. Significant hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, or hyperphosphatasia did not occur in any group. The observations in the vagotomy group suggest that the amount of gastric acid secreted may be unimportant for the maintenance of blood and bone mineral normality. We were unable to establish the true nature of the bone disease that follows gastric resection. On the other hand, there was no substantial evidence indicating that osteomalacia was the only disorder involved.We conclude that in patients without conditions predisposing to disturbed mineral metabolism, none of the surgical procedures evaluated in this study seem to carry an appreciable risk of bone demineralization of clinical importance. With regard to mineral metabolism, vagotomy is preferable to gastric resection.
The value of early surgery and routine operative cholangiography in the management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Reiss Raphael , Pikelnie Serge , Engelberg Moshe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAcute cholecystitis remains one of the most frequent abdominal emergencies, and yet many aspects of its management remain controversial. This prospective study of 182 consecutive operations for acute cholecystitis was conceived to assess the value of early surgery and routine operative cholangiography in the improvement of both immediate and long‐term results.The patients ranged from 26 to 82 years of age, with about 1/3 of them above 60 years. Gangrenous changes were encountered in 21% of patients, and perforated cholecystitis occurred in 2%. No biliary calculi were found in 6%. Cholecystectomy was performed in all patients. A technically successful operative cholangiography via the cystic duct was performed in 94% of patients. No complications due to cholangiography were encountered, and the procedure was 93% accurate (11 false positives, 0 false negatives). The common bile duct was explored in 48 patients (26%) and found to be diseased in 75% of them. There was one postoperative death (0.5%), caused by sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical and x‐ray follow‐up, ranging from 2–6 years, disclosed 4 residual stones (2%). We conclude that a therapeutic policy combining early surgery with routine operative cholangiography improves results and decreases the incidence of residual ductal abnormalities.
Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma of the skin
Authors: Veronesi Umberto , Cascinelli Natale 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSurgery is the primary therapeutic modality in the treatment of primary melanomas and metastases to lymph nodes. Surgery also plays an important role in the therapy of locally recurrent tumors and distant metastases in selected cases. Wide excision of the primary tumor in stage I malignant melanoma results in a recurrence rate of about 2%. Surgical techniques for lymph node dissection are the same for melanoma as those performed for other malignancies. There is little question that dissection is necessary in obviously involved nodal areas, but controversy remains regarding the value of lymph node dissection of clinically uninvolved regional nodes. A prospective, randomized study by the World Health Organization has shown no improvement in survival for patients who underwent elective regional node dissection.Surgery is the treatment of choice when melanoma recurs locally as a single cutaneous or subcutaneous nodule. Surgery may also result in long‐term, disease‐free survival in patients with a solitary distant metastasis after treatment of a primary lesion.
The use of regional chemotherapy in the management of malignant melanoma
Authors: Krementz Edward T. , Carter R. Davilene , Sutherland Carl M. , Campbell Marilyn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFrom 1957 through 1977, a total of 714 patients with malignant melanoma were treated by chemotherapy administered by isolated regional perfusion of the limbs, and 56 patients were treated by intra‐arterial infusion.Excisional surgery and adjunctive perfusion in 286 patients with stage I disease resulted in cumulative survival rates of 87% at 5 years and 75% at 10 and 15 years. With recurrent or metastatic regional disease treated by perfusion alone or in combination with surgical excision, the survival rates were 36%, 34%, and 31% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Even in the least favorable group, those with nodal and soft tissue involvement, the survival rates were 27% at 5 years and 22.5% at 10 and 15 years. Analysis of 121 patients with stage I melanoma according to level of dermal invasion showed recurrence in 2 of 42 (4%) patients with level III lesions, 11 of 75 (15%) with level IV tumors, and 2 of 4 (50%) with level V lesions. Recurrence rates by pathologic type were 2 of 49 (4%) patients with superficial spreading melanoma, 6 of 30 (20%) with nodular melanoma, and 5 of 14 (36%) with acral lentiginous melanoma, the latter including subungual, plantar, or palmar lesions.Chemotherapy by intra‐arterial infusion is a technique useful in treating regional disease not amenable to isolation‐perfusion. Of 36 patients having measurable lesions, there were 4 complete responses. Objective responses occurred in 50–80% of patients treated, depending on the agent used.As an adjunct to surgical treatment, chemotherapy by isolation‐perfusion offers improved survival rates without prolonged treatment or the risks associated with systemic chemotherapy. As primary therapy for advanced regional disease, chemotherapy by perfusion produces survival rates superior to those obtained by surgery alone or systemic chemotherapy.