bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability/Instability in the Alcoholic Marriage: The Interrelationships Between Course of Alcoholism, Family Process, and Marital Outcome
Authors: STEINGLASS PETER , TISLENKO LYDIA , REISS DAVID 
Published: August 2004

Thirty‐one alcoholic families who were originally studied in home, multiple‐family group, and laboratory settings were reassessed two years later to determine course of alcoholism and degree of marital stability.This paper presents data comparing baseline alcohol consumption and family interactional behavior at home with subsequent alcoholism and marital stability outcomes. Findings suggest that the relative degree of stability/instability in these marriages is best understood as a function of the “goodness‐of‐fit” between the relative predictability of drinking on the part of the identified alcoholic and the family's characteristic pattern of interactional behavior at home.
Sibling Deidentification in the Clinic: Devil vs. Angel
Authors: SCHACHTER FRANCES FUCHS 
Published: August 2004

A four‐member family structure consisting of two siblings contrasting in personality (sibling deidentification) and each identified with a different parent (split‐parent identification) was recently reported (15). In well‐functioning families, this tetrad or quadrangle is widespread in the first pair of siblings in the family and tends to be more common in same‐sex pairs, suggesting that sibling deidentification is designed to mitigate the relatively intense sibling rivalry characteristic of these pairs and hence to maintain family harmony.In this collated case report, deidentification is found to follow the same pattern in 39 clinic first pairs. However, contrasting attributes are varied and nonevaluative in nonclinic pairs but mainly “good‐bad” in clinic pairs, with polarization extreme. Results suggest that nonclinic siblings negotiate their identity (being) much as they negotiate about possessions (having) and that negotiations are blocked in clinic pairs, freezing mythic devil or angel identity. Intervention is directed at dislodging this block.
Systemic Research on Chronicity Factors in Infantile Asthma
Authors: ONNIS LUIGI , TORTOLANI DANIELA , CANCRINI LUIGI 
Published: August 2004

This work is the result of research into chronicity factors in infantile asthma. The research had two main goals. The first, using a sample of 100 asthmatic children, was to reconstruct the therapeutic history of the individual patients on the hypothesis that the therapeutic intervention they had undergone in fact conditioned the quality of the cure demand. The second was to evaluate the influence of family dynamics on the chronic development of infantile asthma. A comparison was made between two interactive models using a sample of 10 families with asthmatic children with chronic tendencies and a sample of 10 normal families. The results show that typical dysfunctional interactive patterns exist in the experimental sample and that they are correlated with the perpetuation of the asthmatic symptom.The paper concludes that every therapeutic intervention that is limited to dealing with the biological component of the asthmatic symptom and ignores the influence of family dynamics becomes itself a major chronicity factor. Thus a “systemic” intervention is considered necessary to prevent chronicity.
The Problem of Gender in Family Therapy Theory
Authors: HARE‐MUSTIN RACHEL T. 
Published: August 2004

The field of family therapy is now a continuous process like a car cruising on automatic control with the driver comfortably in the lotus position. Family therapy theory rests on normative concepts of the traditional family and idealized conceptions of family relationships. Inequalities in the family associated with gender have been regarded as of little importance to the development of macro theory in the field. The two most influential therapeutic models, psychodynamic and systemic approaches, are each marked by gender bias. The alpha prejudice of psychodynamic theories exaggerates gender differences; the beta prejudice of systemic approaches ignores them.The construction of gender role concepts has led to a false dichotomy, whether supported by traditionalists or feminists. On close examination, gender role ideals turn out to be simplifications and caricatures. The uncritical use of gender role concepts supports power differences between men and women and ignores the complexities and commonalities of human experience. The failure of family therapy theory to deal with gender issues needs to be addressed if a theory that is not just “more of the same” is to be developed.
The Role of the Family Therapist in Divorce: Benevolent Healer or Agent of Social Change?
Authors: WHITESIDE MARY F. 
Published: August 2004

Essay Review of: The Dynamics of Divorce: A Life Cycle Perspective, F. W. Kaslow and L. L. Schwartz, New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1987. Divorced Families: A Multidisciplinary Developmental View, C. R. Ahrons and R. H. Rodgers, New York: W. W. Norton, 1987. The Difficult Divorce: Therapy for Children and Families, M. B. Isaacs, B. Montalvo, and D. Abelson, New York: Basic Books, 1986.
Summary of the Recommendations on Sexual Dysfunctions in Women
Authors: Basson Rosemary , Althof Stan , Davis Susan , Fugl-Meyer Kirsten , Goldstein Irwin , Leiblum Sandra , Meston Cindy , Rosen Raymond , Wagner Gorm 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women's sexual dysfunctions include persistent or recurrent disorders of sexual interest/desire, disorders of subjective and genital arousal, orgasm disorder, pain and difficulty with attempted or completed intercourse. There are limited recommendation/guideline documents pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of women's sexual dysfunctions.

Aim
To provide recommendations/guidelines concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for the clinical management of women's sexual dysfunctions.

Methods
An International Consultation in collaboration with the major sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a process over a 2-year period. Ten experts from four countries compiled the Recommendations on Sexual Dysfunctions in Women.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate.

Results
Recommendations and guidelines concerning the various sexual dysfunctions were updated. A comprehensive assessment of medical, sexual and psychosocial history is recommended for diagnosis and management planning. Indications for general and focused pelvic genital examination and laboratory testing are included. Recently revised definitions for sexual desire/interest disorder, arousal disorders (genital, subjective, combined and persistent), orgasm disorder, dyspareunia and vaginismus are presented. An evidence-based approach to management is provided.

Conclusions
There is a need for more research and scientific reporting, re-assessment, and management of women's sexual dysfunction including long-term outcome studies.
Epidemiology/Risk Factors of Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Lewis Ronald W. , Fugl-Meyer Kersten S. , Bosch R. , Fugl-Meyer Axel R. , Laumann Edward O. , Lizza E. , Martin-Morales Antonio 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Accurate estimates of prevalence/incidence are important in understanding the true burden of male and female sexual dysfunction and in identifying risk factors for prevention efforts.

Aim
To provide recommendations/guidelines concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for the epidemiology/risk factors of sexual dysfunctions in men and women.

Methods
An International Consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a process over a 2-year period. Concerning the Epidemiology/Risk Factors Committee, there were seven experts from four countries.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate.

Results
Standard definitions of male and female sexual dysfunctions are needed. The incidence rate for erectile dysfunction is 25–30 cases per thousand person years and increases with age. There are no parallel data for women's sexual dysfunctions. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction increases as men and women age; about 40–45% of adult women and 20–30% of adult men have at least one manifest sexual dysfunction. Common risk factor categories associated with sexual dysfunction exist for men and women including: individual general health status, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, other genitourinary disease, psychiatric/psychological disorders, other chronic diseases, and socio-demographic conditions. Endothelial dysfunction is a condition present in many cases of erectile dysfunction and there are common etiological pathways for other vascular disease states. Increasing physical activity lowers incidence of ED in males who initiate follow-up in their middle ages.

Conclusions
There is a need for more epidemiologic research in male and female sexual dysfunction.
Endocrine Aspects of Sexual Dysfunction in Men
Authors: Morales Alvaro , Buvat Jacques , Gooren Louis J. , Guay Andre T. , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Tan Hui Meng , Torres Luiz O. 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Endocrine disorders of sex steroid hormones may adversely affect men's sexual function.

Aim
To provide expert opinions/recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of endocrinologic sexual medicine disorders.

Methods
An International Consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a scientific and debate process. Concerning the Endocrine committee, there were eight experts from seven countries.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinions/recommendations are based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, extensive internal committee discussion over 2 years, public presentation and deliberation.

Results
Hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical syndrome characterized by a deficiency in serum androgen levels which may decrease sexual interest, quality of erections and quality of life. Biochemical investigations include testosterone and either bioavailable or calculated free testosterone; prolactin should be considered when hypogonadism has been documented. If clinically indicated, androgen therapy should maintain testosterone within the physiological range avoiding supraphysiologic values. Digital rectal examination and determination of serum prostate specific antigen values are mandatory prior to therapy and regularly thereafter. Androgen therapy is usually long-term requiring regular follow-up, frequent monitoring of blood levels and beneficial and adverse therapeutic responses.

Conclusions
Safe and effective treatments for endocrinologic sexual medicine disorders examined by prospective, placebo-controlled, multi-institutional clinical trials are needed.
The Penile Implant for Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Mulcahy John J. , Austoni Edouardo , Barada James H. , Choi Hyung Ki , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Krishnamurti Sudhakar , Moncada Ignacio , Shultheiss Dirk , Sohn Michael , Wessells Hunter 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile prostheses, introduced as the first effective organic treatment for erectile dysfunction over three decades ago, have an important role in the treatment of erectile dysfunction when other nonprosthetic treatment options have proven unsatisfactory. Although they are the least chosen and most invasive treatment option, they have the highest satisfaction rate of all available ED options and provide a predictable and reliable result.

Aim
To provide recommendations/guidelines concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for utilization of the penile prosthesis in the management of men with erectile dysfunction.

Methods
An International Consultation in collaboration with the major sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a process over a 2-year period. There were 10 experts from seven countries concerning the Penile Implant for Erectile Dysfunction.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate.

Results
Recommendations/guidelines for penile prosthesis (hydraulic, semi-rigid and soft silicone) insertion for management of men with erectile dysfunction were updated. Consensed issues included: criteria for patient selection, informed consent procedures, strategies for preoperative preparation, operative incisions/technical considerations and outcome results in terms of patient satisfaction and device survival. Updated information was reviewed concerning therapies for device failures, device insertion in scarred corporal bodies and strategies for managing implant infections.

Conclusions
There is a need for more research in developing management strategies for insertion of penile prostheses in men with ED.
Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Pryor John , Akkus Emre , Alter Gary , Jordan Gerald , Lebret Thierry , Levine Laurence , Mulhall John , Perovic Sava , Ralph David , Stackl Walter 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeyronie's disease is a sexual medicine condition that may adversely affect male sexual function.AimTo provide expert opinions/recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Peyronie's disease.MethodsAn International Consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a scientific and debate process. Concerning the Peyronnie's disease committee, there were 10 experts from six countries.Main Outcome MeasureExpert opinions/recommendations are based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, extensive internal committee discussion over 2 years, public presentation and deliberation.ResultsPeyronie's disease is characterized by an inflammatory response beneath the tunica albuginea with fibroblast proliferation forming a thickened fibrous plaque that may cause penile pain, penile curvature and erectile dysfunction. Medical treatments have been described but few prospective controlled trials have revealed significant clinical benefits. Surgical treatments (penile plication, Nesbit excision, plaque incision and grafting and penile prosthesis insertion) should be considered after Peyronie's disease has stabilized. Surgical outcome studies reveal that a stable deformity is best corrected with the least postoperative ED by a Nesbit procedure. Plaque incision and grafting should be reserved for men with good erectile function and marked penile shortening although there is a higher prevalence of postoperative ED. Implantation of a penile prosthesis is an excellent option for men with an accompanying erectile deficit.ConclusionsSafe and effective treatments for Peyronie's disease examined by prospective, placebo-controlled, multi-institutional clinical trials are needed.
Mating Type Sequences in Asexually Reproducing
Fusarium
Species
Authors: Kerényi Zoltán , Moretti Antonio , Waalwijk Cees , Oláh Brigitta , Hornok László 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

To assess the potential for mating in several
Fusarium
species with no known sexual stage, we developed degenerate and semidegenerate oligonucleotide primers to identify conserved mating type (
MAT
) sequences in these fungi. The putative α and high-mobility-group (HMG) box sequences from
Fusarium avenaceum
,
F. culmorum
,
F. poae
, and
F. semitectum
were compared to similar sequences that were described previously for other members of the genus. The DNA sequences of the regions flanking the amplified
MAT
regions were obtained by inverse PCR. These data were used to develop diagnostic primers suitable for the clear amplification of conserved mating type sequences from any member of the genus
Fusarium
. By using these diagnostic primers, we identified mating types of 122 strains belonging to 22 species of
Fusarium
. The α box and the HMG box from the mating type genes are transcribed in
F. avenaceum
,
F. culmorum
,
F. poae
, and
F. semitectum
. The novelty of the PCR-based mating type identification system that we developed is that this method can be used on a wide range of
Fusarium
species, which have proven or expected teleomorphs in different ascomycetous genera, including
Calonectria
,
Gibberella
, and
Nectria
.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Accumulation in Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Identification of a Class III PHA Synthase (PhaEC) in
Desulfococcus multivorans
Authors: Hai Tran , Lange Daniela , Rabus Ralf , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Seven strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were tested for the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). During growth with benzoate
Desulfonema magnum
accumulated large amounts of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)].
Desulfosarcina variabilis
(during growth with benzoate),
Desulfobotulus sapovorans
(during growth with caproate), and
Desulfobacterium autotrophicum
(during growth with caproate) accumulated poly(3HB) that accounted for 20 to 43% of cell dry matter.
Desulfobotulus sapovorans
and
Desulfobacterium autotrophicum
also synthesized copolyesters consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate when valerate was used as the growth substrate.
Desulfovibrio vulgaris
and
Desulfotalea psychrophila
were the only SRB tested in which PHAs were not detected. When total DNA isolated from
Desulfococcus multivorans
and specific primers deduced from highly conserved regions of known PHA synthases (PhaC) were used, a PCR product homologous to the central region of class III PHA synthases was obtained. The complete
pha
locus of
Desulfococcus multivorans
was subsequently obtained by inverse PCR, and it contained adjacent

phaE
Dm

and

phaC
Dm

genes. PhaC

Dm

and PhaE

Dm

were composed of 371 and 306 amino acid residues and showed up to 49 or 23% amino acid identity to the corresponding subunits of other class III PHA synthases. Constructs of

phaC
Dm

alone (pBBRMCS-2::

phaC
Dm

) and of

phaE
Dm
C
Dm

(pBBRMCS-2::

phaE
Dm
C
Dm

) in various vectors were obtained and transferred to several strains of
Escherichia coli
, as well as to the PHA-negative mutants PHB
−
4 and GPp104 of
Ralstonia eutropha
and
Pseudomonas putida
, respectively. In cells of the recombinant strains harboring

phaE
Dm
C
Dm

small but significant amounts (up to 1.7% of cell dry matter) of poly(3HB) and of PHA synthase activity (up to 1.5 U/mg protein) were detected. This indicated that the cloned genes encode functionally active proteins. Hybrid synthases consisting of PhaC

Dm

and PhaE of
Thiococcus pfennigii
or
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6308 were also constructed and were shown to be functionally active.
Rapid Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Quantitation of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
DNA in Artificially Contaminated Milk
Authors: O'Mahony Jim , Hill Colin 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology and Lightcycler analysis, we developed a real-time PCR assay with primers and probes designed by using IS
900
which allowed rapid detection of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
DNA in artificially contaminated milk. Initially, the PCR parameters (including primer and probe levels, assay volume, Mg
2+
concentration, and annealing temperature) were optimized. Subsequently, the quantitative ability of the assay was tested and was found to be accurate over a broad linear range (3 × 10
6
to 3 × 10
1
copies). The assay sensitivity when purified DNA was used was determined to be as low as five copies, with excellent reproducibility. A range of DNA isolation strategies was developed for isolating
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
DNA from spiked milk, the most effective of which involved the use of 50 mM Tris HCl, 10 mM EDTA, 2% Triton X-100, 4 M guanidinium isothiocyante, and 0.3 M sodium acetate combined with boiling, physical grinding, and nucleic acid spin columns. When this technique was used in conjunction with the real-time PCR assay, it was possible to consistently detect <100 organisms per ml of milk (equivalent to 2,000 organisms per 25 ml). Furthermore, the entire procedure (extraction and PCR) was performed in less than 3 h and was successfully adapted to quantify
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
in spiked milk from heavily and mildly contaminated samples.
Novel Haloperoxidase from the Agaric Basidiomycete
Agrocybe aegerita
Oxidizes Aryl Alcohols and Aldehydes
Authors: Ullrich René , Nüske Jörg , Scheibner Katrin , Spantzel Jörg , Hofrichter Martin 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT

Agrocybe aegerita
, a bark mulch- and wood-colonizing basidiomycete, was found to produce a peroxidase (AaP) that oxidizes aryl alcohols, such as veratryl and benzyl alcohols, into the corresponding aldehydes and then into benzoic acids. The enzyme also catalyzed the oxidation of typical peroxidase substrates, such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) or 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS).
A. aegerita
peroxidase production depended on the concentration of organic nitrogen in the medium, and highest enzyme levels were detected in the presence of soybean meal. Two fractions of the enzyme, AaP I and AaP II, which had identical molecular masses (46 kDa) and isoelectric points of 4.6 to 5.4 and 4.9 to 5.6, respectively (corresponding to six different isoforms), were identified after several steps of purification, including anion- and cation-exchange chromatography. The optimum pH for the oxidation of aryl alcohols was found to be around 7, and the enzyme required relatively high concentrations of H
2
O
2
(2 mM) for optimum activity. The apparent
K

m

values for ABTS, DMP, benzyl alcohol, veratryl alcohol, and H
2
O
2
were 37, 298, 1,001, 2,367 and 1,313 μM, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the main AaP II spots blotted after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were almost identical and exhibited almost no homology to the sequences of other peroxidases from basidiomycetes, but they shared the first three amino acids, as well as two additional amino acids, with the heme chloroperoxidase (CPO) from the ascomycete
Caldariomyces fumago
. This finding is consistent with the fact that AaP halogenates monochlorodimedone, the specific substrate of CPO. The existence of haloperoxidases in basidiomycetous fungi may be of general significance for the natural formation of chlorinated organic compounds in forest soils.