bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are nurses able to assess fatigue, exertion fatigue and types of fatigue in residential home patients?
Authors: Tiesinga Lucas J. , Dijkstra Ate , Dassen Theo W.N. , Halfens Ruud J.G. , Van Den Heuvel Wim J.A. 
Published: March 2003

Are nurses able to assess fatigue, exertion fatigue and types of fatigue in residential home patients? Although fatigue is recognized as a subjective, generalized, extensive and disabling health care problem with a relatively high prevalence among the chronically ill, there have been no studies to show whether nurses caring for fatigued subjects are able to accurately assess the level of fatigue that exists in these patients. The aim of the present study is to investigate this issue. The following research questions are formulated: (1) To what degree do the assessments of fatigue and exertion fatigue given by nurses and patients agree? and (2) To what degree do the assessments of types of fatigue given by nurses and patients agree?The method adopted employed a correlational design approach applied to residential home patients and nurses. Data were gathered by questionnaire. Data collected from 44 selected patients and two assessors (nurses) for each patient are used in the analyses. Measurement instruments used are the Dutch fatigue scale (DUFS), the Dutch exertion fatigue scale (DEFS), types of fatigue and sociodemographic variables.Measurement correlations between the patients and the nurses, both for the DUFS and DEFS, showed fair agreement (fatigue and exertion fatigue) and slight agreement (types of fatigue).The main conclusion of this study is that nurses working in residential home care are unable, in comparison with the patients themselves, to accurately assess patient's fatigue (fair agreement), exertion fatigue (fair agreement) and types of fatigue (slight agreement).
delrious: a computer program designed to analyse molecular marker data and calculate delta and relatedness estimates with confidence
Authors: Stone J. , Björklund M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe computer program delrious analyses molecular marker data and calculates delta and relatedness estimates. A computer simulation is presented in which delrious is used to determine relations between relatedness estimate confidence and locus number. The results obtained suggest that many kinship studies probably have been conducted at significance levels less than 95%. Confidence measures provide a means of assessing reliability of calculated parameters and, therefore, would be beneficial to kinship hypothesis testing. Consequently, resampling procedures should be conducted routinely to determine delta and relatedness estimate confidence. delrious can implement bootstrap and jackknife resampling procedures for this purpose.
burial (version 1.0): a method for testing genetic similarity within small groups of individuals using fragmentary data sets
Authors: Schönfisch Birgitt , Tomiuk Jürgen , Bachmann Lutz , Pusch Carsten M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBiologists are frequently facing the problem of dealing with data sets with a small amount of data and a high proportion of missing information. We were particularly interested in analysing fragmentary data sets generated by the application of molecular methods in palaeoanthropology in order to determine whether individuals are genetically related. In this note, we announce the release of the software burial (version 1.0) to test the null hypothesis that the observed grouping of individuals at a particular burial site reflects random placement of genotypes. The proposed test, however, can also be applied to data sets whose objects can be grouped according to nongenetic criteria such as the style of clothing, the kind of burial gifts or cultural artefacts. The C + + source code and binary executables for Windows and Linux are available for download at: http://www.uni‐tuebingen.de/uni/bcm/BURIAL/index.html.
The characterization of microsatellite loci in the communally breeding smooth‐billed ani (Crotophaga ani)
Authors: Blanchard L. , Quinn J. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMicrosatellite DNA sequences were isolated and characterized from a Puerto Rican population of communally nesting smooth‐billed anis for use in a parentage/kinship study. Lambda Zap Express (Stratagene) was used to construct a library of 350 000 independent recombinant phage and screened with TG and AAT probes. In total, 85 positive clones (73 TG and 12 AAT) were isolated. Primer pairs were designed for 17 sequences and five polymorphic loci were found (three TG and two AAT). The five loci were characterized with between four and nine alleles and heterozygosity values ranged from 0.538 to 0.840. The combined total parental exclusionary power (with neither parent known) of the five loci was 0.8869.
Isolation (with enrichment) and characterization of trinucleotide microsatellites from Phlebotomus perniciosus, a vector of Leishmania infantum
Authors: Aransay A. M. , Malarky G. , Ready P. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMitochondrial DNA characterization of the sandfly Phlebotomus perniciosus has not resolved the population structure of its Iberian lineage. For this purpose, four AGC‐ and seven AGG‐class microsatellite loci were characterized, after their isolation using Biotin‐Avidin enrichment and the screening of plasmid libraries by polymerase chain reaction. Of the five polymorphic loci analysed in four Spanish populations, four showed patterns of allele diversity consistent with migration from a southern Ice Age refuge. Estimates of the historical migration rates of P. perniciosus will help to predict the effects of global warming on its range and that of Leishmania infantum, the parasitic protozoan it transmits.
Isolation of microsatellite markers in mungbean, Vigna radiata
Authors: Kumar S. V. , Tan S. G. , Quah S. C. , Yusoff K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA simple and rapid method for isolating microsatellite loci in mungbean, Vigna radiata, based on the 5′‐anchored polymerase chain reaction technique revealed 23 microsatellite loci and six cryptically simple sequence repeats. We report on the characterization of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in V. radiata. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5 while the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.9048. These markers should prove useful as tools for detecting genetic variation in mungbean varieties for germplasm management and crossbreeding purposes.
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers forBegonia sutherlandiiHook. f.
Authors: Hughes M. , Hollingsworth P. M. , Squirrell J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeven polymorphic microsatellite loci have been characterized for investigating population structure in the patchily distributed herbBegonia sutherlandii. Two loci (BSU3 and BSU4) exhibited population specific null alleles; primer redesign and allele sequencing for one of these loci showed two transition mutations in the original primer site. Two loci exhibited imperfect repeat polymorphisms due to single base pair indels in the flanking region (locus BSU6) and in the microsatellite region itself (BSU7). Transversion mutations were also found in the microsatellite region of locus BSU7. The remaining three loci amplified in all individuals tested and appeared to conform to a simple stepwise mutation pattern.
Primers for 22 candidate genes for ecological adaptations in Brassicaceae
Authors: Kuittinen H. , Aguadé M. , Charlesworth D. , Haan A. D. E. , Lauga B. , Mitchell‐Olds T. , Oikarinen S. , Ramos‐Onsins S. , Stranger B. , Van Tienderen P. , Savolainen O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in direct screening of polymorphisms at candidate loci to associate them with adaptations in natural situations. We report primers that amplify regions at 22 putatively orthologous functional loci in the family Brassicaceae: Arabidopsis thaliana, its two wild outcrossing relatives, and Brassica oleracea. Four groups of genes were known to have specific functions in the model species A. thaliana in ecologically important traits: timing of reproduction; metabolism of secondary compounds; defence against pathogens or light perception. In addition, genes of a fifth group were selected with no consideration of their function, as reference loci.
Cross‐species amplification in silver carp and bighead carp with microsatellite primers of common carp
Authors: Tong J. , Wang Z. , Yu X. , Wu Q. , Chu K.H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAbout a third of microsatellite primers designed for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was successfully amplified in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). These markers, inherited in Mendelian mode, are of potential applications in cypinid genetics.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae
Authors: Augustinos A. A. , Stratikopoulos E. E. , Zacharopoulou A. , Mathiopoulos K. D. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Bactrocera oleae
is the single most important insect pest of the olive fruit, causing extensive of the losses in the olive production annually. Nonetheless, there has never been an analysis of the homogeneity of
B. oleae
populations, the extent of gene flow, the genetic differentiation and/or reproductive isolation of marginal populations or the nature of the invasive populations in newly established olive tree cultivations. Here we describe the development of 10 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers that can be used in the analysis of natural
B. oleae populations as well as to create a basis for its genome analysis.
Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the assessment of gene flow between sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) populations
Authors: Cureton A. N. , Burns M. J. , Ford‐Lloyd B. V. , Newbury H. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMolecular markers can be used to estimate gene flow indirectly by monitoring the relative frequency of alleles in adjacent populations. Sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) is a wild plant species found along the coastlines of many European countries and is closely related to cultivated beets. A set of six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are polymorphic in UK populations have been developed for sea beet to assess the problems of indirect measurement of gene flow in these populations.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in neotropical Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Flanagan N. S. , Blum M. J. , Davison A. , Alamo M. , Albarrán R. , Faulhaber K. , Peterson E. , McMillan W. O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Heliconius butterflies offer exceptional opportunities for the study of the ecology and evolution of mimicry. Despite previous reports of difficulties in the development of microsatellite loci in Lepidoptera, we characterize 15 polymorphic loci in H. erato that show promise for genetic mapping and population studies in this and other species. Levels of variation were high, in both numbers and size ranges of alleles. The loci showed broad amplification success across the genus and in two other genera. All loci that amplified in a population of H. melpomene were polymorphic.
Microsatellite loci in Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae): their isolation and characterization
Authors: Martínez A. K. , Gaitán‐Solis E. , Duque M. C. , Bernal R. , Tohme J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe constructed a microsatellite‐enriched genomic library for Bactris gasipaes, an economically important, domesticated palm. We developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers, and found an average of seven alleles per locus in a sample of 14 individuals selected from a germplasm bank. Cross‐species amplification was evaluated in six other Bactris species. The loci detected will permit population studies and germplasm characterization, and can be used for genetic analyses in related species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Becher S. A. , Russell S. T. , Magurran A. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe isolated microsatellite loci for the Trinidadian guppy Poecilia reticulata from the Oropuche and Caroni drainages in Trinidad, using a modified enrichment protocol that provided 93% enriched libraries. The eight loci presented here are polymorphic, and have between seven and 18 alleles in 33–48 individuals initially screened. Observed heterozygosities in this sample range from 0.28 to 0.88. These loci significantly increase the number of polymorphic microsatellite markers available for paternity and population analysis in this species.
Transferability of microsatellite markers from Eucalyptus spp. to Eugenia dysenterica (Myrtaceae family)
Authors: Zucchi M. I. , Brondani R. P. V. , Pinheiro J. B. , Brondani C. , Vencovsky R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) is a widespread plant found in the Brazilian cerrado. Its fruit is used for popular consumption and for industrial purposes. A battery of 346 primer pairs developed for Eucalyptus spp. was tested on cagaita. Only 10 primer pairs were found to be transferable between the two species. Using a polyacrilamide gel, an average of 10.4 alleles per locus was detected, in a sample of 116 individuals from 10 natural populations of cagaita. Seven polymorphic loci allowed estimation of genetic parameters, including expected average heterozigosity HE = 0.442, diversity among populations, RST = 0.268 and gene flow Nm = 0.680.
Characterization of microsatellite loci for the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Hänfling B. , Weetman D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis is an important human food source in Asia and causes considerable ecological and economical damage as a recent invader of North America and Europe. Here we report the isolation and characterization of 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci for E. sinensis. The number of observed alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 40 and the observed heterozygosity from 0.50 to 0.95. These markers should prove a useful tool to investigate the colonization process and its evolutionary implications.
Isolation of 12 microsatellite loci, using an enrichment protocol, in the phytopathogenic fungus Puccinia triticina
Authors: Duan X. , Enjalbert J. , Vautrin D. , Solignac M. , Giraud T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report the characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of leaf rust on wheat. An enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci and polymorphism was explored with 15 European isolates. Significant level of cross‐amplification (44% of the loci) was found in P. striiformis.
Development and polymorphism of simple sequence repeat DNA markers for Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk
Authors: Sugaya T. , Yoshimaru H. , Takeuchi T. , Katsuta M. , Fujimoto K. , Changtragoon S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMicrosatellite markers of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were developed. Fifty‐four of 161 clones were found to contain microsatellite repeats. Primer pairs were designed for 20 of these clones according to their sequence data. Of these, seven primers showed polymorphism for 32 individuals from Iriomote Island, Japan. Two to five alleles per locus were detected, and the observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.031 to 0.500. Cross‐species amplification using five of the seven primers also worked well for B. cylindrica and B. parviflora. Because our previous study reported very low levels of genetic diversity for allozymes in the same Iriomote population, these microsatellite markers should be a powerful tool for various kinds of genetic analysis.
Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)
Authors: Hoffman Eric A. , Ardren W. R. , Blouin M. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe the cloning and characterization of nine microsatellite loci from the northern leopard frog. Seven loci consist of tetranucleotide repeats, one locus consists of a dinucleotide repeat and one locus consists of a GT repeat juxtaposed with a GATA repeat. In a sample of 36 frogs from a natural population, polymorphism at these loci ranged from two to 13 alleles per locus with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.5 to 0.91. These loci will be useful to researchers since this species is used for a broad range of studies.
Application of mitochondrial control region in population genetic studies of the shrimp Penaeus
Authors: Chu K. H. , Li C. P. , Tam Y. K. , Lavery S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study reports a primer set for amplifying a partial fragment of about 610 bp in the fast mutating mitochondrial control region in shrimps of the genus Penaeus (Decapoda: Penaeidae). The utility of this amplified fragment for studying population differentiation and structuring, compared with more conservative mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and COI), was explored in P. merguiensis populations over a vast geographical range based on sequence and RFLP analyses. The results indicate that the mitochondrial control region provides more informative sites and reveals more haplotypes, making it most useful for evaluating genetic variations within and between populations of Penaeus species.
Curricular influences on academic belief systems
Authors: Kell Clare M. , Van Deursen Robert W. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an undergraduate curriculum in developing its students into competent healthcare professionals, for whom professionalism demands a commitment to ongoing enquiry and lifelong learning (LLL). One factor influencing students’ confidence to undertake LLL is their belief in themselves as academic learners. An academic belief system (ABS) profile describes a learner's psychological approach to learning and may be compiled from the academic locus of control, academic self‐concept (ASC) and academic self‐esteem variables. Curricula have the potential to influence ABS development (both positively and negatively). Therefore, this study investigated the extent to which an undergraduate curriculum influenced the development of student academic belief systems over time. The study sample of 52 first‐year undergraduate students responded to a battery of ABS inventories on admission (take 1), 5 weeks prior to their first‐year progression examinations (take 2) and on return into year two (take 3). With the exception of academic locus of control and the anxiety dimension of ASC, all variable mean scores reduced over time. The fall in mean scores for the ASC dimensions of satisfaction and identification were significant. With higher education charged with preparing undergraduates for their lifelong learning needs, the inability of the first‐year curriculum to facilitate student ABS growth is discussed with respect to the need for future curriculum development.
Learning at work: midwives judging progress in labour
Authors: Sookhoo Maureen L. , Biott Colin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper argues that it is important to understand how midwives learn at work and acquire practice knowledge, as well as how this influences their judgements of progress in labour. It is based on part of a study in which experienced midwives were interviewed about their practice and experiences in a maternity unit within a medium‐sized district general hospital in the north‐east of England. One key to understanding how judgement about progress is made lies in the way that uncertainty is conceptualized and dealt with. One of the ways of avoiding uncertainty is to rely upon conventions and put trust in procedures. In particular, the use of 3 cm dilatation of the cervix is often adopted as an indicator of the commencement of labour, but this raises dilemmas for midwives who recognize the intrusive nature of vaginal examination. Experienced midwives draw on a wider range of evidence and they have learned through the challenges of the job to recognize the provisional nature of signs of progress, which novices may see as predictive. For this reason, they avoid inappropriate intrusion as a matter of routine practice. The capacity to cope with uncertainty is seen as an integral part of midwifery practice and this raises questions about how new midwives can be helped to use holistic assessment within the security of established procedures.
The motivation of practice teachers: decisions relating to involvement in practice learning provision
Authors: Shardlow Steven M. , Nixon Stephen , Rogers John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPractice teaching and learning are critical elements in the initial professional education of social workers, yet they are fraught with pressures and suffer from shortages in both placements and practice teachers. This paper considers some of the factors that influence social workers to become practice teachers and undertake the Practice Teaching Award (PTA) and those that affect the likelihood of them continuing as practice teachers. Some of the findings of a small‐scale study of practice teachers are presented and the implications for the development of practice learning and teaching are explored.
Introducing a problem‐based learning module into an occupational therapy course
Authors: Connolly Deirdre , Donovan Morag 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in the use of problem‐based learning (PBL) in the education of health professionals. As a result of the literature that advocates its use in occupational therapy education, and in response to student feedback, it was decided to introduce this approach to learning as a pilot project in one of the core courses in the School of Occupational Therapy, Trinity College, Dublin. This paper presents the results of the evaluation that was carried out prior to and after the introduction of PBL. The results showed that students’ overall level of satisfaction with the course had changed significantly and that their focus changed from what they learned to how they learned.
Interprofessional shared learning: a workshop on communication for screening blood donors
Authors: Nestel Debra , Kidd Jane , James Virge 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe importance of effective communication in healthcare is well documented. Teaching and learning about communication now forms part of the education of most healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom. Based on this premise, a workshop was developed that aimed at developing the communication skills of donor carers or those involved in their training and/or management within the National Blood Service (NBS). Donor carers are the public front of the NBS, conducting interviews with donors, taking blood and providing follow‐up care. The 2 day workshop used a range of educational activities to support participants in meeting learning objectives. The workshop was evaluated by pre‐ and post‐tests of knowledge and attitude and by participants’ ratings of the degree to which they met learning objectives. Participants’ levels of propositional knowledge in relation to donor‐centred interviewing remained unchanged after the workshop. However, baseline knowledge was already very high. Ratings of the degree to which participants met learning objectives revealed success in the key areas of the workshop – that is, knowledge of, and the practice of, communication skills. Participants reported that they had benefited from attending the workshop in both personal and professional domains, and some expressed a strong sense of personal achievement. There were no differences in participants’ ratings based on their professional group or function within the NBS. Future workshops could consider reducing the number of participants, incorporating skills assessments and offering follow‐up meeting(s) reflecting the participants’ identified needs.