bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid neural network modeling of a full‐scale industrial wastewater treatment process
Authors: Lee Dae Sung , Jeon Che Ok , Park Jong Moon , Chang Kun Soo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn recent years, hybrid neural network approaches, which combine mechanistic and neural network models, have received considerable attention. These approaches are potentially very efficient for obtaining more accurate predictions of process dynamics by combining mechanistic and neural network models in such a way that the neural network model properly accounts for unknown and nonlinear parts of the mechanistic model. In this work, a full‐scale coke‐plant wastewater treatment process was chosen as a model system. Initially, a process data analysis was performed on the actual operational data by using principal component analysis. Next, a simplified mechanistic model and a neural network model were developed based on the specific process knowledge and the operational data of the coke‐plant wastewater treatment process, respectively. Finally, the neural network was incorporated into the mechanistic model in both parallel and serial configurations. Simulation results showed that the parallel hybrid modeling approach achieved much more accurate predictions with good extrapolation properties as compared with the other modeling approaches even in the case of process upset caused by, for example, shock loading of toxic compounds. These results indicate that the parallel hybrid neural modeling approach is a useful tool for accurate and cost‐effective modeling of biochemical processes, in the absence of other reasonably accurate process models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 670–682, 2002.
Danger of damaging the medial branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves during a dorsomedian approach to the spine
Authors: Boelderl A. , Daniaux H. , Kathrein A. , Maurer H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPostoperative atrophy of the deep back muscles may be caused by denervation during a dorsomedian approach to the thoracolumbar spine; ensuing instability of the spine with poor clinical results, perhaps due to such muscle loss, has been observed in 11.7% of cases (Sihvonen et al., 1993, Spine 18:575–581). More specifically, this complication may be caused by damaging the medial branches of the posterior rami of the spinal nerves during lateral retraction of the muscles. To investigate the anatomic topography of the medial branches of the posterior rami of the spinal nerves, 18 carbol‐formol‐fixed specimens were dissected using an operation microscope; also, 3 fresh cadavers were cut in horizontal and vertical planes with a rotary cryotome to confirm the anatomic topography observed in the fixed specimens. In the thoracolumbar spine the medial branch of the posterior ramus of the spinal nerve is subject to ligamentous fixation by the strong fibers of the mammillo‐accessory ligament, which extends between the mammillary process and accessory process infero lateral to the superior articular process. When the dorsomedian approach to the thoracolumbar spine is enlarged laterally to the articular processes by retracting the paraspinous muscles, the medial branches of the posterior rami of the spinal nerves are endangered. This may cause postoperative pain as well as dynamic instability beyond the corresponding segments. The results of our anatomic study suggest that the posterior surgical midline approach to the thoracolumbar spine should not be enlarged laterally to the articular processes to prevent injury to the medial branches of the posterior rami of the spinal nerves. Clin. Anat. 15:77–81, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring movement at the low back
Authors: Rice J. , Walsh M. , Jenkinson A. , O'Brien T.M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe clinical importance of movements of the human spine is increasingly being realized but their measurement is difficult to carry out. Traditionally, measurement of spinal motion focuses on the lumbar spine as the mobile region and movement at the lower thoracic spine is largely ignored. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sagittal movement at the low back is not confined to the lumbar spine. The range of sagittal movement and the amount of skin distraction during trunk flexion was studied in 10 normal subjects. Angular movement in the sagittal plane between the vertebra prominens and S2 ranged between 40° and 83° among the subjects. Concomitant skin distraction showed that a mean of 32% (range 20–41%) of the movement between the upper thorax and sacropelvis occurred cranial to T12. We therefore suggest that the term “low back” should be applied to a series of mobile vertebrae in the lower thoracic and lumbar spines and that motion of this region in the sagittal plane should be considered as the movement of an immobile upper thoracic spine relative to the sacropelvis. Clin. Anat. 15:88–92, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric analyses of the mandible in prepubertal craniofacial microsomia patients treated with an inverted‐L osteotomy
Authors: Cerajewska Tanya L. , Singh G.D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo analyze changes in mandibular form associated with an inverted‐L osteotomy and autogenous bone graft, preoperative, early postoperative (EPO), and late postoperative (LPO) lateral cephalographs of 14 children (mean age ≈9 years) with unilateral craniofacial microsomia (CFM) were scanned and nine mandibular landmarks digitized. Average mandibular geometries, scaled to an equivalent size, were generated using Procrustes superimposition. Cephalometry, Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA), and thin‐plate spline (TPS) analyses were carried out on mean mandibular configurations. Cephalometric results showed increases in oblique mandibular length (≈9% on average, P < 0.05) and increased ramus height (P < 0.05). Similarly, using EDMA there were also significant differences (P < 0.05) between the mean preoperative, EPO, and LPO configurations. The most demonstrable EPO change in the mandibular configuration using EDMA was increased oblique length (≈11%). This improvement depended on ramus oblique lengths increasing by ≈26%, ramus height increasing by ≈25%, and mandibular body length increasing by ≈5%. For TPS analysis, affine and nonaffine changes contributed to the total spline. In all three comparisons the affine transformation showed an antero–inferior rotation of the mandibular configuration. For nonaffine changes the EPO configuration indicated a supero–inferior stretch of the mandibular configuration. The nonaffine LPO changes maintained the supero–inferior stretch of the mandibular configuration. It is concluded that improvements in the lateral facial profile of CFM patients can be achieved using an inverted‐L osteotomy, with little relapse ≈2 years postoperatively. Clin. Anat. 15:100–107, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint: A case report and review of the clinical anatomy of the region
Authors: Rajaratnam S. , Kerins M. , Apthorp L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPosterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint is an uncommon injury. Since 1824, when Sir Astley Cooper described the injury, little more than 100 cases have been described, and the majority of these have been in the last decade, identified by computed tomography. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with this injury is based upon serious damage to important anatomical structures found in the vicinity of the joint. We present a case report, describe the relevant clinical anatomy of this region, and review associated complications. Clin. Anat. 15:108–111, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative positions of the arteries and veins on the dorsolateral surface of the human cerebrum
Authors: Yasutaka Satoru , Kominami Rieko , Taniguchi Yutaka , Shinohara Harumichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe investigated whether arteries pass superficial to veins or whether veins pass superficial to arteries at artery‐vein crossings on the anterior, dorsolateral, and posterior surfaces of the human cerebrum. We examined a total of 2,266 artery‐vein crossings on 40 sides of 20 cadavers. At 2,059 crossings (91%), the vein passed superficial to the artery. Thus, vein (V), artery (A), and nerve (N), if we regard the cerebrum as nerve, were generally arranged in the order VAN from the superficial to the deep layers. This concept is important for a positional understanding of blood vessels on the cerebrum and it is useful for the understanding of fluid‐drainage pathways from the cerebral cortex in various pathological conditions. Clin. Anat. 15:112–115, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Martin‐Gruber anastomosis revisited
Authors: Rodriguez‐Niedenführ Marc , Vazquez Teresa , Parkin Ian , Logan Bari , Sañudo José R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBased on a study of 70 human cadavers (31 male, 39 female) and on cases described previously, we propose a new classification of the Martin‐Gruber anastomosis, a neural connection between the median and ulnar nerves in the forearm. The anastomosis was found in 16 (22.9%) cadavers, being bilateral in three (18.7%) and unilateral in 13 (81.3%), five right and eight left. It occurred in eight (25.8%) of the 31 male cadavers and in eight (20.5%) of the 39 females. Therefore, the anastomosis was found in 19 (13.6%) of the 140 forearms. In Pattern I (89.5%) the anastomosis was made by only one branch, whereas in Pattern II (10.5%) it was made by two. The individual branches were classified as Types a, b, and c based on the nature of their origin from the median nerve. Type a (47.3%) arose from the branch to the superficial forearm flexor muscles, Type b (10.6%) from the common trunk, and Type c (31.6%) from the anterior interosseous nerve. Pattern II was a duplication of Type c (10.5%). The anastomotic branch took an oblique or arched course before joining the ulnar nerve, undivided in 15 cases, but divided into two branches in four cases. The anastomosis passed in front of the ulnar artery in four cases, behind it in six, and in nine cases it was related to the anterior ulnar recurrent artery. Clin. Anat. 15:129–134, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between premedical coursework in gross anatomy and histology and medical school performance in gross anatomy and histology
Authors: Forester Joseph P. , McWhorter David L. , Cole Maria S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMany premedical students enroll in courses whose content will be encountered again during their medical education. Presumably, students believe this practice will lead to improved academic performance in corresponding medical school courses. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether a premedical gross anatomy and/or histology course resulted in increased performance in corresponding medical school courses. A second aim of the study was to examine whether the type of premedical gross anatomy and/or histology course differentially affected medical school performance. A survey that assessed premedical gross anatomy and histology coursework was administered to 440 first‐year medical students. The results from this survey showed that students with premedical gross anatomy (n = 236) and/or histology (n = 109) earned significantly more points in the corresponding medical school course than students without the premedical coursework (P < 0.05). Analysis of premedical course types revealed that students who took a gross anatomy course with prosected specimens (n = 35) earned significantly more points that those students without premedical gross anatomy coursework (P < 0.05). The results from this study suggest: 1) premedical gross anatomy and/or histology coursework improves academic performance in corresponding medical school courses, and 2) a premedical gross anatomy course with prosected specimens, a specific type of undergraduate course, significantly improves academic performance in medical gross anatomy. Clin. Anat. 15:160–164, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra‐aortic balloon pump placement following aorto‐iliac angioplasty and stent placement
Authors: Colyer William R. , Burket Mark W. , Ansel Gary M. , Ramee Stephen R. , Minor Robert L. , Gibson C. Michael , Cooper Christopher J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractApproximately 20% of patients are unable to receive an intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) due to aorto‐iliac atherosclerotic disease. Aorto‐iliac stenoses can be managed with angioplasty or stent placement; however, there are limited data about this strategy to facilitate IABP placement. Thirty‐seven IABPs were placed in 35 patients. A total of 45 revascularization procedures were performed. With revascularization, the minimal lumen diameter increased from 2.78 ± 1.46 to 6.75 ± 2.36 mm (P < 0.0001). Limb ischemia occurred following 2/37 (5%) IABP insertions. Limb ischemia was managed with IABP removal and angioplasty. The mortality rate was 32%. Mortality was more common with chronic renal insufficiency (8/11, 73%; P = 0.0014), dialysis‐dependent renal failure (3/3, 100%; P = 0.028), and presentation with acute myocardial infarction (8/15 patients, 53%; P = 0.036). Although no patients required vascular surgery for limb ischemia, one patient required surgery for bleeding. Angioplasty or stenting to facilitate IABP placement in patients with peripheral vascular disease is safe and effective. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:163–168. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe intravascular hemolysis after transcatheter closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus using the Amplatzer duct occluder: Successful resolution by intradevice coil deployment
Authors: Joseph George , Mandalay Asishkumar , Zacharias T.U. , George Biju 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA 21‐year‐old female developed severe unremitting intravascular hemolysis following closure of a large patent ductus arteriosus using an Amplatzer duct occluder. Percutaneous deployment of fibered platinum coils within the nitinol wire cage of the Amplatzer duct occluder abolished the residual shunt through the device and resulted in cessation of intravascular hemolysis and reversal of its adverse sequelae. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:245–249. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug‐eluting stents for coronary bifurcations: Insights into the crush technique
Authors: Ormiston John A. , Currie Erin , Webster Mark W.I. , Kay Patrick , Ruygrok Peter N. , Stewart James T. , Padgett Richard C. , Panther Monique J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSirolimus‐eluting stents appear to reduce substantially restenosis following percutaneous coronary bifurcation intervention. The crush technique was devised to reduce restenosis further by improving stent and drug application to the side‐branch ostium. We aimed to investigate the performance of drug‐eluting stent (DES) platforms with the crush technique, to identify deployment pitfalls, and to clarify the best deployment strategies. Each stage of the crush technique was photographed in a bifurcation phantom. Simultaneous side‐ and main‐branch dilatation (kissing balloons) fully expanded the stent in the side‐branch ostium, widened the gaps between stent struts covering the side branch, and eliminated main‐branch distortion. With side branches angled at > 70°, sequential (side‐ then main‐branch) inflations may be needed to achieve best results. Postdilatation of the main branch with a balloon of narrower diameter than the deploying balloon caused main‐branch stent distortion. These principles applied to all the bifurcation strategies and stent designs tested. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:332–336. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined catheter ventricular septal defect closure and multivessel coronary stenting to treat postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect and triple‐vessel coronary artery disease: A case report
Authors: Anantharaman Rajaram , Walsh Kevin P. , Roberts David H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractVentricular septal defect following acute myocardial infarction is a rare but life‐threatening complication. Early surgical closure improves survival but carries a considerable risk. Percutaneous transcatheter closure is an alternative but experience to date is limited. We report a case of successful transcatheter closure of postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) in a 55‐year‐old male with the Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder device and complete percutaneous revascularization with successful multivessel coronary stenting for three‐vessel disease as a staged procedure. The technique and its potential use as an alternative to surgical approach for treatment of acute myocardial infarction and its complication (VSD) are discussed. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:311‐313 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Hemodynamic abnormalities across an anomalous left main coronary artery assessment: Evidence for a dynamic ostial obstruction
Authors: Lim Michael J. , Forsberg Michael J. , Lee Richard , Kern Morton J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnomalous left main coronary arteries have been associated with sudden cardiac death, especially when arising from the right coronary cusp and following an anterior course. To date, imaging procedures have been the mainstay of the decision‐making process in determining which patients should undergo surgery for correction of this anomaly and which patients are presumed to be at low risk. We report on the hemodynamic evaluation of an anomalous left main performed in support of elected surgical correction in a young patient. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:294–298. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The tail of myosin reduces actin filament velocity in the in vitro motility assay
Authors: Guo Bin , Guilford William H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIt has been observed that heavy meromyosin (HMM) propels actin filaments to higher velocities than native myosin in the in vitro motility assay, yet the reason for this difference has remained unexplained. Since the major difference between these two proteins is the presence of the tail in native myosin, we tested the hypothesis that unknown interactions between actin and the tail (LMM) slow motility in native myosin. Chymotryptic HMM and LMM were mixed in a range of molar ratios (0–5 LMM/HMM) and compared to native rat skeletal myosin in the in vitro motility assay at 30°C. Increasing proportions of LMM to HMM slowed actin filament velocities, becoming equivalent to native myosin at a ratio of 3 LMM/HMM. NH‐ATPase assays demonstrated that HMM concentrations on the surface were constant and independent of LMM concentration, arguing against a simple displacement mechanism. Relationships between velocity and the number of available heads suggested that the duty cycle of HMM was not altered by the presence of LMM. HMM prepared with a lower chymotrypsin concentration and with very short digestion times moved actin at the same high velocity. The difference between velocities of actin filament propelled by HMM and HMM/LMM decreased with increasing ionic strength, suggesting that ionic bonds between myosin tail and actin filaments may play a role in slowing filament velocity. These data suggest the high velocities of actin filaments over HMM result from the absence of drag generated by the myosin tail, and not from proteolytic nicking of the motor domain. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:264–272, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TNM residual tumor classification revisited
Authors: Wittekind Christian , Compton Carolyn C. , Greene Frederick L. , Sobin Leslie H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor cancer patients, prognosis is strongly influenced by the completeness of tumor removal at the time of cancer‐directed surgery or disease remission after nonsurgical treatment with curative intent. These parameters define the relative success of definitive treatment and can be codified by an additional subclassification within the TNM system, the residual tumor (R) classification. Despite the importance of residual tumor status in designing clinical management after treatment, misinterpretation and inconsistent application of the R classification frequently occur that diminish or abrogate its clinical utility.METHODSAn analysis of the relevant literature regarding the use and prognostic importance of the R classification was undertaken.RESULTSIn the current study, the prognostic importance of the R classification for different kinds of tumors is discussed. Problems that arise in using the R classification are described. Special issues regarding the use of the R classification are addressed.CONCLUSIONSThe R classification is a strong indicator of prognosis and facilitates the comparison of treatment results if applied in a consistent manner. Uniform use and interpretation of this classification is essential for the standardization of posttreatment data collection. Cancer 2002;94:2511–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10492
The prevalence of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in surgical resection specimens
Authors: Desai Sangeeta B. , Borges Anita M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge there is a paucity of literature regarding the prevalence of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in the Indian subcontinent. The objective of the current study was to document the prevalence of HGPIN in a low‐risk Indian population.METHODSA total of 110 prostate specimens (61 taken from the test group and 49 taken from the control group) were studied to document the prevalence of HGPIN in a low‐risk Indian population.RESULTSNone of the benign prostate samples were found to harbor HGPIN, whereas 85.24% of the samples from malignant prostates did so.CONCLUSIONSA strong correlation between HGPIN and invasive carcinoma was observed, a finding that reinforces the view that HGPIN is a strong indicator of concurrent invasive prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:2350–2. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10495
Randomized study of single early instillation of (2″R)‐4′‐O‐tetrahydropyranyl‐doxorubicin for a single superficial bladder carcinoma
Authors: Okamura Kikuo , Ono Yoshinari , Kinukawa Tsunero , Matsuura Osamu , Yamada Shin , Ando Tadashi , Fukatsu Toshiaki , Ohno Yoshiyuki , Ohshima Shinichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TUR‐Bt) alone has been standard treatment for single superficial bladder carcinoma, some authors reported a certain prophylactic effect of a single immediate intravesical instillation of chemotherapeutic agent after TUR‐Bt. A prospective randomized study was conducted to determine whether a single (2″R)‐4′‐O‐tetrahydropyranyl‐doxorubicin (THP) instillation immediately after TUR‐Bt is beneficial to patients with a single superficial bladder carcinoma.METHODSOne hundred seventy patients with a single resectable superficial bladder carcinoma (Ta‐1, primary or recurrent with no recurrence during the last 1 year) were enrolled in this study. THP (30 mg/30 mL of normal saline) was administered into the bladder within 6 hours after TUR‐Bt in arm A, while TUR‐Bt alone was done in arm B.RESULTSOf the 170 patients, 160 (94.1%) were eligible and were followed up for a median time of 40.8 months. There was a significant difference in the recurrence free curve between the 2 arms (log‐rank test; P = 0.0026), with 92.4% recurrence free rate at 1 year, 82.7% at 2 years, and 78.8% at 3 years in arm A (84 patients) and 67.0%, 55.7%, and 52.6%, respectively, in arm B. The recurrence rate per year was 0.11 ± 0.22 in arm A and 0.24 ± 0.36 in arm B, with a significant difference (P = 0.007). Toxicity included pain with micturition in 9 patients (10.7%), urinary frequency/urgency in 5 patients (6.0%), and macroscopic hematuria in 7 patients (8.3%).CONCLUSIONSThese data indicate that a single THP instillation immediately after TUR reduces the recurrence of superficial bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:2363–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10496