bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WF‐536 INHIBITS METASTATIC INVASION BY ENHANCING THE HOST CELL BARRIER and INHIBITING TUMOUR CELL MOTILITY
Authors: Nakajima Masahide , Katayama Ken‐ichi , Tamechika Ichiro , Hayashi Kazutaka , Amano Yusaku , Uehata Masayoshi , Goto Nobuharu , Kondo Takao 
Published: December 2004

Summary1. Rho‐associated coiled‐coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) is involved in the development of tumour metastasis. Wf‐536, (+)‐(R)‐4‐(1‐Aminoethyl)‐N‐(4‐pyridyl) benzamide monohydrochloride, a novel inhibitor of ROCK, inhibits tumour metastasis in some animal models. To metastasise, tumour cells have to disturb the tight intercellular junctions and the basement membrane matrix of the host tissue, which, respectively, create an intercellular barrier and the extracellular membrane. To clarify the mechanism of Wf‐536 in inhibition of tumour metastasis, we analysed the effect of Wf‐536 on the transition of tumour cells through the host cell layer and the basement membrane in in vitro systems.2. In a coculture system of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells plated on a monolayer of human ECV304 cells, Wf‐536 (0.3–3 µmol/L) inhibited the paracellular infiltration of tumour cells.3. Wf‐536 (3–30 µmol/L) inhibited the invasion of tumour cells through the reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) layer.4. Wf‐536 (10–30 µmol/L) inhibited the migration of tumour cells. At 0.3–3 µmol/L, Wf‐536 also restrained hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF)‐induced increases in paracellular permeability of the ECV304 cell layer.5. These results suggest that Wf‐536 suppresses tumour metastasis by both enhancing the barrier function of host cell layers and inhibiting tumour cell motility at the stage of host tissue penetration by metastatic tumour cells.
Acute and chronic effects of dinner with alcoholic beverages on nitric oxide metabolites in healthy men
Authors: Sierksma Aafje , Van Der Gaag Martijn S , Grobbee Diederick E , Hendriks Henk FJ 
Published: December 2004

Summary1. The present study investigated the acute and chronic effect of dinner with alcoholic beverages on serum nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, namely nitrate and nitrite (NOx), in 11 healthy, non‐smoking middle‐aged men.2. In a randomized, diet‐controlled, cross‐over trial, subjects consumed dinner with four glasses of red wine, beer, spirits (Dutch gin) or sparkling mineral water (control) for 3 weeks. At the end of each 3 week period, serum NOx concentrations were measured just before and 1, 5 and 13 h after dinner.3. Serum NOx concentrations were approximately 50% higher 1 and 5 h after dinner with any beverage compared with just before dinner (P = 0.0001). At 1 h after dinner, the serum NOx concentration was approximately 11% lower after dinner with alcoholic beverages compared with concentrations observed after dinner with water (P = 0.01). The fasted serum NOx concentration (13 h after dinner) was similar to the preprandial concentration and there were no differences in serum NOx concentrations between the alcoholic beverages.4. Food intake acutely and transiently increased serum NOx concentrations, an effect that was slightly attenuated if combined with alcoholic beverages. Chronic moderate alcohol consumption had no effect on serum NOx concentration.
The New Zealand cataract and refractive surgery survey 2001
Authors: Elder Mark , Leaming David 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background: This study documents the current practice for cataract and refractive surgery in New Zealand. Methods: A postal questionnaire was distributed late in 2000 to all consultant ophthalmologists in New Zealand. Most questions were identical to the 2000 survey of the American Society of Cataract and Refraction Surgeons (ASCRS) enabling a comparison. Results: There was an 84% return rate from the 103 surveys distributed. In regards to cataract surgery, topical anaesthesia was used by 12% of respondents, clear corneal incisions by 64%, no suture was used by 94%, diamond blades were used by 33%, disposable blades were reused by 64%, preoperative antibiotics were used by 28%, anti­biotic was used in the irrigant by 10%, postoperative injections of steroid/antibiotics were used by 63% and 41% of patients had three postoperative visits after cataract surgery. In regards to refractive surgery, 51% of respondents had access to an excimer laser and clear lens extraction was performed by 13 ophthalmologists. Advice to a 30‐year‐old −7.00 myope wanting refractive surgery was to have LASIK (88%), wait (8%) or have no surgery (4%). Discussion: In broad terms, New Zealand ophthalmologists’ cataract and refractive practice is similar to that of the members of ASCRS with the exception of the use of topical anaesthetic (NZ 12%vs USA 49%) and the higher use of postoperative injections of steroid and antibiotic at the end of surgery (NZ 63%vs USA 20%).
Toxocara canis: egg presence in Melbourne parks and disease incidence in Victoria
Authors: Carden Susan M , Meusemann Robin , Walker John , Stawell Richard J , MacKinnon Jane R , Smith Danielle , Stawell Alison M , Hall Anthony JH 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPurpose: Toxocara caniscan cause blinding eye disease. This study assessed the presence ofT. caniseggs in soil from parks in Melbourne and also the incidence of presumed ocular toxocariasis in Victoria.Methods: One hundred and eighty soil samples were collected from nine suburban locations in Melbourne, Australia. These were analyzed for the presence ofT. caniseggs. A search of laboratory records ofT. canisserology requests from Victorian patients over an 8‐year period was performed.Results: Only one soil sample was positive forT. caniseggs. PositiveT. canisserology was reported in 13 samples from patients. These patients all had ocular features suggestive ofT. canisinfection.Conclusion: Toxocara caniseggs are rare in public parks in Melbourne and symptomatic ocular toxocariasis is uncommon in the Victorian population. The acquisition of the disease is unlikely to be from public parks.
Pseudo‐hypopyon as the presenting feature in B‐cell and T‐cell intraocular lymphoma
Authors: Lobo Aires , Larkin Genevieve , Clark Brian J , Towler Hamish MA , Lightman Susan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe clinicopathologic correlation of two patients with primary intraocular lymphoma is described, both of whom had a rare and unusual presentation of hypopyon uveitis. Sampling of aqueous fluid proved the cytopathologic diagnosis of B‐cell lymphoma in the first patient. In the second patient an iris biopsy confirmed a T‐cell lymphoma. The samples were examined using haematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical stains. These patients were diagnosed with primary intraocular lymphoma on initial presentation with hypopyon uveitis. Secondary glaucoma was noted in the patient with T‐cell lymphoma. Both cases appeared confined to the eye and initially responded favourably to aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but later went on to develop systemic involvement. Clinicians should be aware of this dramatic mode of presentation, which is unusual for ocular lymphoma.
Efficacy of quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication after failure of proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy in Singapore
Authors: ANG TL , FOCK KM , NG TM , TEO EK , CHUA TS , TAN YL 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  Helicobacter pylori eradication is the mainstay in the treatment of H. pylori‐associated peptic ulcer disease. Current standard eradication therapy consists of 1 week of treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics selected from amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin. In this study we aimed to assess the efficacy of quadruple therapy consisting of a PPI, bismuth, tetra‐cycline and metronidazole in patients for whom initial H. pylori eradication using a triple therapy regimen consisting of a PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin was unsuccessful.METHODS:  Consecutive patients with H. pylori‐associated peptic ulcer disease, in whom H. pylori with triple therapy had been unsuccessful, were included in the study. These patients had been treated with a regimen that included a PPI (standard dose twice daily), amoxicillin (1 g twice daily) and clarithro­mycin (500 mg twice daily) for 1 week during 1997−2001. Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease was made at esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Helicobacter pylori infection was considered to be present on the basis of either a positive rapid urease test, positive histo­logical identification of H. pylori or both. Failure of initial H. pylori eradication was established with either a rapid urease test, a 13C urea breath test or histology. Quadruple therapy consisted of a PPI (standard dose twice daily), metronidazole (400 mg three times daily), tetracycline (500 mg four times daily) and bismuth subcitrate (240 mg twice daily). Failure of quadruple therapy was diagnosed on the basis of a positive 13C urea breath test.RESULTS:  Fifty‐three patients received quadruple therapy. The median age was 52 years (range 20−74) and the male to female ratio was 42 : 11. On an intent‐to‐treat basis, the eradication rate was 69.8%, whereas on a per‐protocol basis, the eradication rate was 82.2%.CONCLUSION:  We conclude that a 1‐week quadruple therapy regime consisting of a PPI, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole was effective in 82.2% of patients who experienced an unsuccessful initial H. pylori eradication attempt with PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin.
Effects of probiotics, lactitol and rifaximin on intestinal flora and fecal excretion of organic acids in cirrhotic patients
Authors: HOTTEN P , MAROTTA F , NAITO Y , MINELLI E , HELMY A , LIGHTHOUSE J , FUJI H , FESCE E 
Published: December 2004

AIM:  The aim of the present study was to assess fecal organic acid excretion and gut flora changes in a group of patients with compensated liver cirrhosis without hepatic encephalopathy by comparing pro­biotic therapy with more common therapeutic approaches.METHODS:  Thirty patients with compensated Child B liver cirrhosis were allocated into one of three matched groups, which were randomly given one of three 3‐week oral treatments: (i) lactitol 20 g t.i.d.; (ii) 400 mg rifaximin b.i.d.; or (iii) the synbiotic SCM‐III (Microflorana‐F, Named, Lesmo, Italy) 10 mL t.i.d. Stool samples were collected at both the time of entry into the study and at the end of the trial period for the assessment of intestinal bacterial flora and for the determination of fecal pH and of organic acid concentration.RESULTS:  All three tested compounds significantly increased the total anaerobic bacterial count to the same extent. The change was mainly due to a reduction in the Bacteriodes population and an expansion of the bifidobacteria population. However, only SCM‐III significantly decreased the total count of Bacteroides and Clostridium. Lactitol and SCM‐III decreased (to a similar extent) the fecal pH compared with healthy controls and with pretreatment values (P < 0.05). Both lactitol and SCM‐III produced a significant increase in the fecal concentration of acetic acid and lactic acid. However, only SCM‐III decreased the fecal concentration of toxic short‐chain fatty acids.CONCLUSIONS:  In the present clinical study, we confirmed the findings from an in vitro study of enhanced‐non‐toxic organic acid recovery from stools during treatment with nonabsorbable disaccharides. In the present study, we found that lactitol did not produce any significant effect on Bacteroides and Clostridium, whereas the specific bacterial counts of such species significantly decreased only in the group treated with the synbiotic. These data suggest a potential role of synbiotics in the long term treatment of chronic liver disease.
A comparison of the simultaneous application of sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation, with sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation applied separately, for the treatment of haemorrhoids: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Kanellos I. , Goulimaris I. , Christoforidis E. , Kelpis T. , Betsis D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective  To compare simultaneous application of sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation, with sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation applied separately for the treatment of 2nd degree haemorrhoids.Patients and methods  Between 1993 and 1996, 255 patients that suffered from 2nd degree haemorrhoids were divided into 3 groups of 85 patients, each to receive either simultaneous sclerotherapy for smaller and rubber band ligation for larger piles (SCL/RBL) in one session, or sclerotherapy (SCL), or rubber band ligation (RBL), respectively. After a period of 4 years all patients were examined and their symptoms were recorded.Results  The patients of the SCL group developed significantly fewer complications after treatment compared to the other two methods (P < 0.001), which did not differ from each other. After the SCL/RBL treatment, significantly more patients were symptom free (46%) than after SCL (8%), P < 0.001. There was no significant difference between the SCL/RBL (46%) and the RBL (31%) groups (P = 0.217), although the combined treatment seemed to be more effective than rubber band ligation. Only 10% of the patients of the SCL/RBL group needed additional sessions 6–24 months after the initial treatment compared to 30% of the patients of the SCL group (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between SCL/RBL and RBL (17%) groups (P = 0.151).Conclusion  The combination of sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation for treatment of 2nd degree haemorrhoids is significantly more efficient than sclerotherapy on its own.
Double stapled ileal pouch anal anastomosis (DS‐IPAA) for mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC): is there a correlation between the tissue type in the circular stapler donuts and in follow‐up biopsy?
Authors: Saigusa N. , Choi Hong‐Jo , Wexner S. D. , Woodhouse S. L. , Singh J. J. , Weiss E. G. , Nogueras J. J. , Belin B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPurpose  This study aims to assess the correlation between the tissue types found in the circular stapler donut at the time of initial double‐stapled ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (DS‐IPAA) and during subsequent periodic routine random biopsy. Secondarily, we sought to assess the risk of dysplasia, carcinoma or mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC) recurrence in the retained mucosa.Methods  The pathology reports of 91 patients (48 males, 43 females) who were operated upon for MUC from September 1988 to June 1997 and were reviewed and had two follow up visits for biopsy. The histological features of the distal donuts and biopsies of retained mucosa obtained at yearly interval follow‐up were assessed in order to determine the epithelial tissue type (columnar, transitional and squamous), inflammation, recurrence of MUC and presence of dysplasia or malignancy.Results  Median age at surgery was 43 (range 15–71) years and duration of MUC was 9.6 (range 0.3–42) years prior to surgery. The anastomosis was performed at a median height of 1.0 (range 0–2.5) cm cephalad to the dentate line and biopsy follow‐up was undertaken at median 34 (range 2–110) months after DS‐IPAA. The distal donuts were analysed in all cases, as were 305 follow‐up biopsies (median 3.4; range 1–7 per patient). Although columnar epithelium (CE) was found in 62 (68%) donuts, it was absent on follow‐up biopsy in 16 (26%) of these patients. Conversely, although no CE was identified in 29 (32%) donuts, it was identified in 11 (38%) of these patients during follow‐up biopsy. CE in the donut was a significant predictor of CE in subsequent biopsies (P = 0.0012). The histological features consistent with MUC were seen in the biopsies from the retained mucosa in 15 (16%) patients from 0.3 to 7.6 years after DS‐IPAA. While eight (9%) patients exhibited dysplasia or adenocarcinoma in the excised colon or rectum, none of the patients had either dysplastic changes or carcinoma within the retained mucosal biopsies.Conclusion  The correlation between CE in the circular stapler donut and at follow‐up biopsy was high. However since CE developed in some patients in whom no CE was present in the distal donuts, regardless of the epithelial tissue type finding at the time of DS‐IPAA, periodic follow‐up biopsy should be obtained.
The variable effect on proliferation of a colon cancer cell line by the citrus fruit flavonoid Naringenin
Authors: Frydoonfar H. R. , McGrath D. R. , Spigelman A. D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective  Naringenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in citrus fruits, is known to have anticarcinogenic properties. We have examined the effect of Naringenin on cell proliferation of an HT‐29 colon cancer cell line.Methods  HT‐29 colon cancer cells were cultured in 96‐well tissue culture plates. Naringenin concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 2.85 mmol were added to the wells of the Test group. The Control group contained all the elements present in the Test group with the exception of Naringenin. Cell proliferation was measured by colourimetric assay using the 2% WST‐1 cell proliferation kit.Results  Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed in HT29 colon cancer cells exposed to Naringenin at doses greater than 0.71 mmol.Conclusions  These results suggest a potential role for citrus fruits as a source of chemoprotective agents for colon cancer.
Pathological subgroups may predict complications but not late failure after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for indeterminate colitis
Authors: Gramlich T. , Delaney C. P. , Lynch A. C. , Remzi F. H. , Fazio V. W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIntroduction  Ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) for indeterminate colitis (IndC) may lead to an increased risk of perineal complications and pouch loss. This study evaluated pathological subgroups of IndC to identify a predictor of increased complication rates after IPAA for IndC.Patients and methods  Of 171 IPAAs with a postoperative diagnosis of IndC, IndC was confirmed in 115 of the 140 specimens available for re‐examination. These were divided into IndC favouring ulcerative colitis (Group I; n = 99), ‘true’ IndC (Group II; n = 8), and IndC favouring Crohn's (Group III; n = 8). 61 presented with fulminant colitis. Patients in Group I were subdivided into having (A) deep ulcers (B) transmural lymphoid aggregates (C) skip lesions (D) terminal ileal inflammation and/or (E) a caecal patch. Outcome was determined by chart analysis, and compared to 231 randomly selected patients with IPAA for ulcerative colitis (UC) matched for age, gender, and follow‐up.Results  Only patients with evidence of deep ulceration (Group IA) had a significant increase in the incidence of Crohn's disease (4.3%vs. 0.43%, P = 0.04), complex perianal fistulae (4.3%vs. 0.43%, P = 0.04), and pelvic abscess (12.9%vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001). No pathological subgroup of IndC patients had a significantly different rate of pouch failure or pouch loss.Conclusions  Pathological stratification may predict those more likely to develop Crohn's disease or other complications, but not pouch failure. On this basis, we feel that patients with IndC should not be precluded from having IPAA surgery.
Nationwide decline in annual numbers of abdomino‐perineal resections: effect of a successful national trial?
Authors: Engel A. F. , Oomen J. L. T. , Eijsbouts Q. A. J. , Cuesta M. A. , Vd Velde C. J. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective  Large national trials may influence surgical practice. In this study the relation between the successful national randomized trial on the management of rectal cancer (the Dutch TME trial) and national ratio of abdomino‐perineal resection to low anterior resection and anastomosis was analysed.Patients and methods  In the study period, 1994–99, 15978 patients underwent either abdomino‐perineal resection (n = 2575) or low anterior resection and anastomosis (n = 13403). The Dutch TME trial started in 1996 and a total of 1530 patients were included by 83 hospitals and 82.1% of these patients were treated from 1997 to 1999. Teaching sessions, tutor assisted surgery and quality control formed an integral and important part of the TME trial.Results  Ratio of abdomino‐perineal resection vs. low anterior resection was compared between period I (1994–96) and period II (1997–99). The ratio decreased from 0.19 to 0.13 between period I and II (95% CI, −0.08 to −0.04, P < 0.001). In hospital mortality rate did not change between period I and II (3.5 vs. 3.7, 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.03, P = 0.385).Conclusion  Significant changes in surgical attitude may accompany successful national randomized trials in which investigated surgical procedures are specified, taught, and controlled. The APR ratio declined by 32% in the Netherlands during and following the Dutch TME trial, without a rise in hospital mortality rate for rectal resections.
Diverticular disease has an impact on quality of life – results of a preliminary study
Authors: Bolster L. T. , Papagrigoriadis S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjective  Diverticular disease (DD) is common in the western world, and carries a significant morbidity. Although patients can have long standing symptoms no research on quality of life (QoL) in DD exists in the literature. Assessment of QoL may be useful in decision making and selection of patients who would be appropriate candidates for elective surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to examine whether DD has an impact on QoL.Materials and methods  A combination of structured interview and questionnaire survey was performed. One hundred people were divided into two groups: Group A, 50 patients with symptomatic DD as their primary diagnosis; Group B, A control group of 50 healthy volunteers. A structured QoL questionnaire, examining bowel symptoms, systemic symptoms, emotional symptoms and social function, was completed by the subjects in both the patient and the control group.Results  In the patient group scores fell well below the optimum QoL scores in each of the subscales particularly in the areas of bowel symptoms (43.8 vs 65.4 for controls) and emotional function (55.1 vs 75.9 for controls). Patients with DD had statistically significantly lower QoL scores than controls and this difference was consistent in all four examined areas (P < 0.003 for all categories).Conclusion  Our preliminary study suggests that DD does affect a person's QoL. The authors recommend that further research is required in the development of a (QoL) scoring system specific for patients with diverticular disease. Having developed a tool that can accurately measure the subjective health status (QoL) of this disease group we will then be able to develop a more systematic approach to the delivery of treatment, management and care of patients with diverticular disease.
The interrupted serosubmucosal anastomosis – still the gold standard
Authors: Leslie A. , Steele R. J. C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground  The single‐layer appositional serosubmucosal anastomosis is a well established technique and appears to have a favourable record. Over a 15‐year period the senior author of this paper has performed or directly supervised 553 anastomoses using this technique. This report describes the results of these operations, the results of stapled anastomoses carried out during the same period and discusses the utility of the handsewn technique.Methods  From August 1986 to July 2001, 553 intestinal anastomoses in 550 patients were fashioned using single‐layer, interrupted serosubmucosal 3/0 braided polyamide and 131 anastomoses in 131 patients were performed using a circular anastomosing stapler.Results  One anastomotic leakage occurred in the group of patients whose anastomosis was handsewn (0.2%) and 11 leaks occurred in those who had a stapled anastomoses (8.4%). The mortality rate in each group was similar (2% and 2.3%, respectively). There were no deaths attributable to anastomotic dehiscence in either group.Conclusion  In this prospectively audited series of 553 handsewn anastomoses the leakage rate was 0.2%. These results compare favourably with other published series and continue to support a single layer of interrupted serosubmucosal sutures as the gold standard for anastomoses involving the large or small bowel.