bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Changes in Atypical Facial Pain
Authors: Drummond Peter D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThermographic assessment of the facial circulation in nine patients with unilateral atypical facial pain indicated that heat loss was greater from the cheek or orbit on the side of pain in the majority of patients, The unilateral increase in facial blood flow in atypical facial pain is probably a reflex response to activity in trigeminal pain pathways, and suggests that there is an organic basis for this disorder.
Cluster Headache Patients' Responses to Dexamethasone Suppression Test
Authors: Frediani Fabio , Lamperti Elena , Leone Massimo , Boiardi Amerigo , Grazzi Licia , Bussone Gennaro 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe recurrent or cyclic time pattern is one of the most characteristic features of the Cluster Headache (CH) syndrome.This observation has led to many studies which have proposed that the central hypothalamic system possibly plays a role in the pathogenesis of Cluster Headache attacks.In this study we utilized the Dexamethasone Suppression Test in order to test the functioning of the hypothalamo‐pituitary axis in CH patients, in the headache‐free state.We were able to ascertain that the hypothalamo‐pituitary axis functioned normally, while the base‐line cortisol levels of Cluster Headache patients appeared higher than the levels found in the control subjects.
Headache After Closed Head Injury in Children
Authors: Lanser J. B. K. , Jennekens‐Schinkel A. , Peters A. C. B. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA random group of children (n = 129; age up to 14 years; mean 6.5 years of age) admitted with closed head injury (CHI) was followed over a number of years. It was investigated to what extent a relationship existed between headache complaints and the injury. In the first weeks after the accident significant correlations existed between headache and the female sex, and between headache and electroencephalographic (EEG)abnormalities. Subsequently, there was no clear relationship between headache and any of the injury variables, At the end of the follow‐up period, an average of 5.9 years after the accident, it appeared that in the then checked children (n = 129) there was no relationship between headache complaints and the CHI.
Prolonged Vasospasm in Migraine Detected by Noninvasive Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Thie Andreas , Spitzer Klaus , Lachenmayer Lutz , Kunze Klaus 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe describe three patients with different forms of migraine in whom transcranial Doppler (TCD)showed prolonged diffuse vasospasm in the basal cerebral arteries when patients were asymptomatic. Vasospasm was more severe in one patient during her attack. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of TCD in evaluating vascular changes in patients with migraine.
Effectiveness of Salmon Calcitonin Nasal Spray Preparation in Migraine Treatment
Authors: Micieli G. , Cavallini A. , Martignoni E. , Covelli V. , Facchinetti F. , Nappi G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA nasal spray preparation of salmon calcitonin (sCT) was administered to migrainous patients to evaluate the activity of sCT in migraine, and to better define its pharmacological profile. Twenty‐two patients with common migraine (CM) concluded a double‐blind, parallel trial versus placebo. A 30‐dayrun‐in period preceded a 3‐month period of therapy with sCT (200 UI at bed time), or with placebo. SCT was able to significantly reduce Headache Index, Pain Total Index (PTI) and analgesic consumption, from the first month of therapy. Another 10 patients suffering from migraine with interval headache (MIH) were admitted to an open study: a 10‐day run‐in period preceded a 30‐day phase of sCT (200 UI at bed time) administration. SCT induced a significant PTI reduction during the last 10‐days of treatment, while analgesic consumption improved significantly in the first ten days. Nociceptive flexion reflex threshold and plasma levels of β‐endorphin and β‐lipotropin, evaluated at the end of the run‐in and treatment periods to assess patients' antinociceptive state, did not change significantly. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of sCT nasal spray preparation in treating migraine, and suggest a peculiar and complex pharmacological profile for sCT ranging from analgesic activity to modulation of the neuronal and neuro‐transmitter process subserving migraine attacks.
EEG Spectral Analysis and Time Domain Descriptors in Headache
Authors: Drake Miles E. , Bois Craig Du , Huber Stephen J. , Pakalnis Ann , Denio Lena S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe compared computerized EEG spectral measures in patients with common migraine, tension headache, complicated migraine, and normal controls. One minute summaries of 4 sec EEG epochs were recorded fromOz‐A1 + A2. Modal alpha frequency (MAF), the predominant frequency in the 8–13 Hz band, maximal alpha frequency (Mx AF), the fastest frequency in that band, and spectral edge frequency (SEF), the predominant frequency in the 13–30 Hz band, were calculated. EEG was also recorded from F3, F4, P3, P4, 01, and 02 with ear reference. Spectral mobility and first order complexity were compared in controls, migraineurs, and tension headache patients. Migraine and tension headache patients did not differ significantly, and were not different from control subjects in MAF and SEF. Complicated migraine patients had significantly lower MxAF than controls or common migraine patients (P<0.01). Patients with mixed element tension vascular headaches did not differ from controls in mobility or complexity at frontal, parietal or occipital sites. Mobility was significantly less at parietal and occipital sites in migraine patients (P<0.05). Complexity was less at both occipital electrodes(P<0.05) in the migraine group. Migraine patients had significantly lower occipital mobility and complexity scores than those with mixed element headaches (P<0.05).The findings suggest that computerized EEG analysis may help to categorize headache patients, and this may be therapeutically helpful. The time domain descriptors may be more sensitive to EEG differences than frequency or power measures. These observations suggest that migraine and mixed element headaches with amigrainous component may differ significantly in pathogenesis, and that central nervous system dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of complicated migraine syndromes.
Effect of Prophylactic Administration of Nimodipine in Patients with Migraine
Authors: Stewart D.J. , Gelston A. , Hakim A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe prophylactic effect of nimodipine in the treatment of migraine headache was assessed in a prospective, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial. Twenty‐six patients were studied during a 3‐month experimental period (placebo vs nimodipine) following a 1‐month period during which all patients received placebo. Results were tabulated using a “headache index”. A trend in favour of a beneficial nimodipine effect on the headache index was demonstrated which achieved statistical significance during one month of the follow‐up period. A similar trend with respect to the overall number of headaches was demonstrated and achieved statistical significance during two months of the follow‐up period. We conclude that nimodipine is a potentially useful agent in the prophylaxis of migraine headache.
The Relationship Between Muscle Contraction Headache and Migraine: A Multivariate Analysis Study
Authors: Takeshima Takao , Takahashi Kazuro 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIncreasing evidence of the similarity between muscle contraction headache (MCH) and migraine has been reported. However, there seem to be some problems and confusion about the notion that MCH and migraine are similar. For clarification of the relationship of MCH to migraine, we carried out a series of multivariate analysis studies. One hundred and eighty headache patients (including 60 MCH patients, 60 combined headache patients and 60 migraine patients) were investigated. Clinical data of these 180 patients were analyzed using Hayashi's Quantification analysis and cluster analysis. It was possible to determine an MCH factor and a migraine factor from headache symptoms and characteristics. A diffuse and sequential distribution of patients was observed in the histogram of quantified symptoms with the purpose of discriminating headache categories. Thus, most headache patients might have both the MCH factor and the migraine factor in various proportions. We propose a slight modification of the headache severity model and add some development of the concept that MCH and migraine are a continuum. We submit a new headache model.
Prophylactic Treatment of Cluster Headache with Budipine
Authors: Krüger H. , Kohlhepp W. , Reimann G. , Przuntek H. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFor two years we have tested the prophylactic efficacy of budipine for the treatment of cluster headache. The open study was carried out on 27 men and 8 women. 23 patients suffered from episodic and 2 from chronic cluster headache. 7 patients had cluster‐migraine, and 3 chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. 20 patients were free of cluster headache attacks 2–6 days after beginning daily prophylactic budipine therapy with 15–60 mg. 14 patients showed a markedly decreased frequency of attacks and the intensity of persisting attacks was diminished. One patient reported only a slight improvement. There were no non‐responders to budipine therapy. 10 patients showed only mild budipine side effects. Budipine was found very effective for treatment of cluster headache.
The Effect of Dopamine Receptor Agonists on Prolactin Secretion in Childhood Migraine
Authors: D'Andrea Giovanni , Cananzi Antonio R. , Grigoletto Francesco , Meneghini Francesca , Cortesi Sergio , Soffiati Giuliano , Joseph Rajiv , Nordera Giampietro , Ferro‐Milone Francesco 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISRecent data suggest that common migraine, particularly catamenial (menstrual), is characterized by dopaminergic (DA) receptor supersensitivity. This dopaminergic dysfunction may be related to gonadal steroidal patterns (abnormal estrogen/ progesterone ratio).In order to distinguish between altered DA‐neurotransmission and the effect of sex hormones we studied prolactin (PRL) response to drugs considered direct and indirect DA‐agonists in a group of prepubertal children with common migraine, in whom the effect of sex hormones is minimal.Basal PRL plasma levels were measured every 30 minutes up to 240 minutes, after oral administration of L‐DOPA, nomifensine, lisuride and placebo in headache‐free migraineurs. Results obtained show no significant differences in plasma PRL levels between migraineurs and control subjects. This suggests that in a situation of reduced interferences by sex hormones, inhibitory TIDA (tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic) function may be normal. However a drawback of our study may have been that we were inhibiting TIDA function in prepubertal subjects with already low baseline prolactin levels. It is our belief that further understanding of dopaminergic involvement in childhood migraine may come from studies utilizing substances that enhance prolactin levels through dopaminergic inhibition.
Preventing Migraine: A Study of Precipitating Factors
Authors: Blau J.N. , Thavapalan M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISPrecipitants of individual migraine attacks were studied in 23 migraineurs. Patients were aware of 91 precipitants (average 4 per patient); by direct questioning we could add a further 127 (average 5.5 per patient) provoking factors for migraine episodes.Avoiding these stimuli reduced attacks from 2 to 1g per month in 19 of the 23 patients without prophylactic drugs. Lessened severity or better analgesic control was noted by some. In 4 of the 23 patients the frequency of attacks remained unchanged.
Sublingual Administration of Flunarizine for Acute Migraine: Will Flunarizine Take the Place of Ergotamine?
Authors: Takeshima Takao , Nishikawa Seiho , Takahashi Kazuro 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISClinical effectiveness of 10 mg sublingual flunarizine during 89 headache attacks was observed in 68 chronic headache patients. The study population consisted of 36 patients with migraine, 12 with combined headache, 11 with muscle contraction headache (MCH) and nine with cluster headache. Improved cases, defined as cases showing more than moderate improvement, were 75.0% in the migraine group, 50.0% in the combined headache group, 18.2% in the MCH group and 33.3% in the cluster headache group. The migraine group showed a significantly higher percentage of improved cases than did the MCH group (p<0.002). The group in which subjects received flunarizine within 10 min. from the beginning of headache, showed significantly better improvement than did the group in which subjects were treated after 10 min. (p<0.01). No remarkable side effects were observed except for transient numbness of the tongue and a feeling of sleepiness. Four typical case histories utilizing flunarizine administration, and a case showing recovery from angiospasm after sublingual flunarizine administration during an angiographic examination, are reported. A possible favorable role of flunarizine during migraine attacks is discussed. Double blind studies based on the present observations are necessary.
Relaxation Therapy and Compliance in the Treatment of Adolescent Headache
Authors: Wisniewski Jack J. , Genshaft Judy L. , Mulick James A. , Mulick James A. , Mulick James A. , Coury Daniel L. , Coury Daniel L. , Hammer David 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFew controlled studies have examined the effectiveness of relaxation therapy for the treatment of adolescent headaches. In this study, ten chronic headache sufferers (migraine or muscle contraction), ranging in age from 12 to 17 years (M = 13.5 SD = 1.3), were sequentially assigned to either a relaxation therapy or waiting‐list control group. Following treatment, subjects in the treatment group demonstrated significantly lower Headache Index scores than subjects in the control group (U = 0, p £ .004). Group differences in Headache Free Days, Peak Headache Rating, and Medication Index scores were not significant; differences in Medication Index scores approached significance at U = 3, p £ .03. Objective compliance to treatment data indicated subjects overreported their actual practice time, on average, by 70%. Results and implications for future research are discussed.
Galleria mellonella
as a Model System To Study
Cryptococcus neoformans
Pathogenesis
Authors: Mylonakis Eleftherios , Moreno Roberto , El Khoury Joseph B. , Idnurm Alexander , Heitman Joseph , Calderwood Stephen B. , Ausubel Frederick M. , Diener Andrew 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of
Cryptococcus neoformans
virulence in a number of nonmammalian hosts suggests that
C. neoformans
is a nonspecific pathogen. We used the killing of
Galleria mellonella
(the greater wax moth) caterpillar by
C. neoformans
to develop an invertebrate host model system that can be used to study cryptococcal virulence, host immune responses to infection, and the effects of antifungal compounds. All varieties of
C. neoformans
killed
G. mellonella
. After injection into the insect hemocoel,
C. neoformans
proliferated and, despite successful phagocytosis by host hemocytes, killed caterpillars both at 37°C and 30°C. The rate and extent of killing depended on the cryptococcal strain and the number of fungal cells injected. The sequenced
C. neoformans
clinical strain H99 was the most virulent of the strains tested and killed caterpillars with inocula as low as 20 CFU/caterpillar. Several
C. neoformans
genes previously shown to be involved in mammalian virulence (
CAP59
,
GPA1
,
RAS1
, and
PKA1
) also played a role in
G. mellonella
killing. Combination antifungal therapy (amphotericin B plus flucytosine) administered before or after inoculation was more effective than monotherapy in prolonging survival and in decreasing the tissue burden of cryptococci in the hemocoel. The
G. mellonella
-
C. neoformans
pathogenicity model may be a substitute for mammalian models of infection with
C. neoformans
and may facilitate the in vivo study of fungal virulence and efficacy of antifungal therapies.
Arrangement of the Translocator of the Autotransporter Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence on the Bacterial Surface
Authors: Müller Daniel , Benz Inga , Tapadar Damini , Buddenborg Christian , Greune Lilo , Schmidt M. Alexander 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTAutotransporters of gram-negative bacteria are single-peptide secretion systems that consist of a functional N-terminal α-domain (“passenger”) fused to a C-terminal β-domain (“translocator”). How passenger proteins are translocated through the outer membrane has not been resolved, and at present essentially three different models are discussed. In the widely accepted “hairpin model” the passenger proteins are translocated through a channel formed by the β-barrel of the translocator that is integrated in the outer membrane. This model has been challenged by a recent proposal for a general autotransporter model suggesting that there is a hexameric translocation pore that is generated by the oligomerization of six β-domains. A third model suggests that conserved Omp85 participates in autotransporter integration and passenger protein translocation. To examine these models, in this study we investigated the presence of putative oligomeric structures of the translocator of the autotransporter adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) in vivo by cross-linking techniques. Furthermore, the capacity of isolated AIDA fusion proteins to form oligomers was studied in vitro by several complementary analytical techniques, such as analytical gel filtration, electron microscopy, immunogold labeling, and cross-linking of recombinant autotransporter proteins in which different passenger proteins were fused to the AIDA translocator. Our results show that the AIDA translocator is mostly present as a monomer. Only a fraction of the AIDA autotransporter was found to form dimers on the bacterial surface and in solution. Higher-order structures, such as hexamers, were not detected either in vivo or in vitro and can therefore be excluded as functional moieties for the AIDA autotransporter.
Listeriolysin O-Induced Membrane Permeation Mediates Persistent Interleukin-6 Production in Caco-2 Cells duringListeria monocytogenesInfection In Vitro
Authors: Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Kawamura Ikuo , Takahashi Akira , Nomura Takamasa , Kohda Chikara , Mitsuyama Masao 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTListeriolysin O (LLO), a major virulence factor ofListeria monocytogenes, is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family and plays important roles not only in survival of this bacterium in phagocytes but also in induction of various cellular responses, including cytokine production. In this work, we examined the involvement of LLO in induction of the cytokine response in intestinal epithelial cells, the front line of host defense against food-borne listeriosis. Infection of Caco-2 cells with wild-typeL. monocytogenesinduced persistent expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA. In contrast, IL-6 expression was observed only transiently during infection with non-LLO-producing strains. A sublytic dose of recombinant LLO (rLLO) induced the expression of IL-6 via formation of membrane pores. Under conditions of LLO-induced pore formation without extensive cell lysis, Ca2+influx was observed, and the IL-6 expression induced by rLLO was inhibited by pretreatment with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis(acetoxymethyl ester) (BAPTA-AM), an intracellular Ca2+chelator. LLO secreted by cytoplasmicL. monocytogenesappeared to induce pore formation in the membrane and to enable the trafficking of intracellular and extracellular molecules. Pretreatment with BAPTA-AM inhibited persistent IL-6 expression in Caco-2 cells infected with wild-typeL. monocytogenes. These results suggest that LLO is involved in IL-6 production in the late phase of infection through the formation of Ca2+-permeable pores and subsequent Ca2+-dependent modulation of signaling and gene expression.
Intranasal Administration of RecombinantNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTransferrin Binding Proteins A and B Conjugated to the Cholera Toxin B Subunit Induces Systemic and Vaginal Antibodies in Mice
Authors: Price Gregory A. , Russell Michael W. , Cornelissen Cynthia Nau 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe transferrin binding proteins (TbpA and TbpB) comprise the gonococcal transferrin receptor and are considered potential antigens for inclusion in a vaccine againstNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Intranasal (IN) immunization has shown promise in development of immunity against sexually transmitted disease pathogens, in part due to the induction of antigen-specific genital tract immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG. Conjugation of antigens to the highly immunogenic cholera toxin B subunit (Ctb) enhances antibody responses in the serum and mucosal secretions following IN vaccination. In the current study, we characterized the anti-Tbp immune responses following immunization of mice IN with recombinant transferrin binding proteins (rTbpA and rTbpB) conjugated to rCtb. We found that both rTbpA-Ctb and rTbpB-Ctb conjugates administered IN induced antibody responses in the serum and genital tract. IN immunization resulted in both IgA and IgG in the genital tract; however, subcutaneous immunization mainly generated IgG. Surprisingly, rTbpA alone was immunogenic and induced serum and mucosal antibody responses similar to those elicited against the rTbpA-Ctb conjugate. Overall, rTbpB was much more immunogenic than rTbpA, generating serum IgG levels that were greater than those elicited against rTbpA. Bactericidal assays conducted with sera collected from mice immunized IN with TbpA and/or TbpB indicated that both antigens generated antibodies with bactericidal activity. Anti-TbpA antibodies were cross-bactericidal against heterologous gonococcal strains, whereas TbpB-specific antibodies were less cross-reactive. By contrast, antibodies elicited via subcutaneous immunization were not cross-bactericidal against heterologous strains, indicating that IN vaccination could be the preferred route for elicitation of biologically functional antibodies.
Suppression of Bladder Epithelial Cytokine Responses by UropathogenicEscherichia coli
Authors: Hunstad David A. , Justice Sheryl S. , Hung Chia S. , Lauer Scott R. , Hultgren Scott J. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTUrinary tract infections are most commonly caused by uropathogenic strains ofEscherichia coli(UPEC), which invade superficial bladder epithelial cells via a type 1 pilus-dependent mechanism. Inside these epithelial cells, UPEC organisms multiply to high numbers to form intracellular bacterial communities, allowing them to avoid immune detection. Bladder epithelial cells produce interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in response to laboratory strains ofE. coliin vitro. We investigated the ability of UPEC to alter epithelial cytokine signaling by examining the in vitro responses of bladder epithelial cell lines to the cystitis strains UTI89 and NU14. The cystitis strains induced significantly less IL-6 than did the laboratoryE. colistrain MG1655 from 5637 and T24 bladder epithelial cells. The cystitis strains also suppressed epithelial cytokine responses to exogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to laboratoryE. coli. We found that insertional mutations in therfaandrfboperons and in thesurAgene all abolished the ability of UTI89 to suppress cytokine induction. Therfaandrfboperons encode LPS biosynthetic genes, whilesurAencodes a periplasmiccis-transprolyl isomerase important in the biogenesis of outer membrane proteins. We conclude that, in this in vitro model system, cystitis strains of UPEC have genes encoding factors that suppress proinflammatory cytokine production by bladder epithelial cells.