bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effect of selective exposure, audience fragmentation, and echo-chambers on polarization in dynamic media ecosystems
Authors: Rabb Nicholas , Cowen Lenore , de Ruiter Jan P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe degree of polarization in many societies has become a pressing concern in media studies. Typically, it is argued that the internet and social media have created more media producers than ever before, allowing individual, biased media consumers to expose themselves only to what already confirms their beliefs, leading to polarized echo-chambers that further deepen polarization. This work introduces extensions to the recent Cognitive Cascades model of Rabb et al. to study this dynamic, allowing for simulation of information spread between media and networks of variably biased citizens. Our results partially confirm the above polarization logic, but also reveal several important enabling conditions for polarization to occur: (1) the distribution of media belief must be more polarized than the population; (2) the population must be at least somewhat persuadable to changing their belief according to new messages they hear; and finally, (3) the media must statically continue to broadcast more polarized messages rather than, say, adjust to appeal more to the beliefs of their current subscribers. Moreover, and somewhat counter-intuitively, under these conditions we find that polarization is more likely to occur when media consumers are exposed to more diverse messages, and that polarization occurred most often when there were low levels of echo-chambers and fragmentation. These results suggest that polarization is not simply due to biased individuals responding to an influx of media sources in the digital age, but also a consequence of polarized media conditions within an information ecosystem that supports more diverse exposure than is typically thought.
From co-location patterns to an informal social network of gig economy workers
Authors: Pilatti Gustavo , Candia Cristian , Montini Alessandra , Pinheiro Flávio L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe labor market has transformed with the advent of the gig economy, characterized by short-term and flexible work arrangements facilitated by online platforms. As this trend becomes increasingly prevalent, it presents unique opportunities and challenges. In this manuscript, we comprehensively characterize the social networks of gig economy workers in each of the 15 cities studied. Our analysis reveals a scaling relationship between networks and the city population. In particular, we note the high level of modularity of the networks, and we argue that it results from the natural specialization of couriers along different areas of the cities. Furthermore, we show that degree and betweenness centrality is positively correlated with income but not with tenure. Our findings shed new light on the social organization of the gig economy workers and provide valuable insights for the management and design of gig economy platforms.
Gastroenterologische und hepatologische Versorgung in Österreich – eine Gap-Analyse
Authors: Riedel Monika , Fößleitner Sophie , Koisser Lea , Röhrling Gerald , Czypionka Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund der hohen Krankheitslast nimmt die Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie in Österreich eine bedeutende Rolle in der Gesundheitsversorgung ein, dennoch wird sie kaum untersucht und unterliegt keiner Planung. Ziel der Studie ist es, die aktuelle Versorgungssituation zu ermitteln und den zukünftigen Bedarf im Jahr 2030 zu prognostizieren.

Methode
Um Angebot und Nachfrage des aktuellen Versorgungsstand abzubilden, werden Daten aus fünf administrativen Quellen analysiert. Der zukünftige Bedarf wird basierend auf dem aktuellen Angebot und Nachfrage mittels einer Gap-Analyse prognostiziert, bei welcher der aktuelle Stand bis 2030 fortgeschrieben wird. Dies erfolgt anhand eines Stock-flow-Modells auf der Angebotsseite, und auf der Nachfrageseite wird in eine Nachfrage nach ärztlicher Kapazität „übersetzt“.

Ergebnisse
Im Basisjahr 2021 zeigt sich ein hoher Altersdurchschnitt der Ärzteschaft, insbesondere bei jenen im niedergelassenen Bereich (konkret: unter Vertrag bei der Österreichischen Gesundheitskasse, ÖGK). Diese werden bis 2030 teilweise oder zur Gänze ausscheiden, wodurch sich ein hoher Bedarf an Absolventinnen und Absolventen mit einschlägiger fachärztlicher Ausbildung ergibt. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Prognose eine Steigerung der Nachfrage um 0,8 % bis 2,4 % pro Jahr an. Der Gap-Analyse zufolge werden 78 Ärztinnen und Ärzte im intramuralen Bereich (ausschließlich angestellt) bis 2030 benötigt sowie 144 bis 188 mit ÖGK-Vertrag. Weiters gibt es einen Bedarf in unbekannter Höhe an Ärztinnen und Ärzten mit (1) Doppeltätigkeit (angestellt und niedergelassen ohne ÖGK-Vertrag), (2) Vertrag bei anderen Kassen oder (3) ausschließlicher Wahlarzt-Tätigkeit. Im selben Zeitraum werden ca. 240 Absolvierende nachrücken, welche gerade den Bedarf in den beiden berechneten Gruppen decken, nicht aber den Gesamtbedarf.

Schlussfolgerung
Aus der Prognose ergibt sich eine Lücke an Ausgebildeten, um die Versorgung auf heutigem Niveau sicherzustellen. Noch nicht berücksichtigt sind aber Mehrbedarfe durch eine Steigerung der Qualität, zum Beispiel im Sinne der geplanten Vorsorgekoloskopie in ganz Österreich. Eine Attraktivierung des Fachs für junge Medizinerinnen und Mediziner wäre wichtig. Selbst wenn dies gelingt, kann der demografische Wandel aber zu einer Verknappung an Ausbildenden führen.
Quantifying Individual Variability in Neural Control Circuit Regulation Using Single-Subject fMRI
Authors: Kumar Rajat , Strey Helmut H. , Mujica-Parodi Lilianne R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a field, control systems engineering has developed quantitative methods to characterize the regulation of systems or processes, whose functioning is ubiquitous within synthetic systems. In this context, a control circuit is objectively “well regulated” when discrepancy between desired and achieved output trajectories is minimized and “robust” to the degree that it can regulate well in response to a wide range of stimuli. Most psychiatric disorders are assumed to reflect dysregulation of brain circuits. Yet, probing circuit regulation requires fundamentally different analytic strategies than the correlations relied upon for analyses of connectivity and their resultant networks. Here, we demonstrate how well-established methods for system identification in control systems engineering may be applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to extract generative computational models of human brain circuits. As required for clinical neurodiagnostics, we show these models to be extractable even at the level of the single subject. Control parameters provide two quantitative measures of direct relevance for psychiatric disorders: a circuit’s sensitivity to external perturbation and its dysregulation.
Metal-chelated biomaterial from collagen extracted from pleco skin (Pterygoplichthys pardalis)
Authors: Ovando-Roblero Amet , Meza-Gordillo Rocío , Castañeda-Valbuena Daniel , Castañón-González José Humberto , Ruiz-Valdiviezo Víctor Manuel , Gutiérrez-Santiago Rodrigo , Grajales-Lagunes Alicia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCollagen is a material which is recognized for its biocompatibility properties, biodegradability and low antigenicity, allowing it to be used for the creation of different materials as composites, scaffolds or hydrogels. However, collagen-based materials fail to provide useful mechanical properties in a final product. In this regard, it has been reported that the addition of metallic ions contributes towards supporting polymer matrices. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of metallic ions incorporation on the mechanical properties of biomaterials based on collagen from Pterygoplichthys pardalis and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS). It was observed that the addition of metallic ions modified the mechanical properties of biomaterials out of collagen and sodium polyacrylate (Co-PAAS). The greatest tensile force was achieved when 0.09 mg of collagen and 0.003 mol of Fe3+/g Co-PAAS were used. On the other hand, the greatest elongation at break was achieved when the biomaterial was synthesized with 0.09 mg of collagen and 0.002 mol of K1+/g Co-PAAS. Also, the highest value for Young’s modulus was found when the biomaterial was synthesized with 0.05 mg of collagen and 0.002 mol of Fe3+/g Co-PAAS and 0.003 mol of K1+/g Co-PAAS. Finally, it was concluded that P. pardalis could be a collagen source for the development of biomaterials due to its electrostatic interactions with metallic ions increasing the mechanical properties of the processed material significantly.
Skipping irrigation at pre- and post-anthesis stages influences grain yield and starch contents of bread wheat derived from synthetic or landraces
Authors: Shokat Sajid , Arif Mian Abdur Rehman , Waheed Muhammad Qandeel , Liu Fulai , Guzmán Carlos , Singh Sukhwinder 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the role of genetic diversity originated from three-way crosses of landraces and synthetic bread wheat derivatives attempted with elite cultivars to identify the genotypes having better grain yield as well as better starch contents under flowering stage drought stress. In total, 50 genotypes comprised of 47 derivatives of landraces and synthetics, and three standard varieties were grown in the fields of CIMMYT, Obregon following alpha lattice design with two replications. Drought stress was imposed by stopping the irrigation before anthesis and post-anthesis stages. Different traits related to physiological adaptations, earliness, grain yield and starch contents were decreased under drought stress except amylose which increased significantly. Canopy temperature depression was not significantly affected by drought stress. Further, we identified strong correlation of grain yield with plant height, normalized difference in vegetation index, plant maturity, spike length, grain number and thousand grain weight but negative with canopy temperature depression. Non-significant correlation of amylose and amylopectin was recorded with grain yield. Results revealed that genetic diversity derived from landraces and synthetic bread wheat can improve grain yield and starch contents but simultaneous improvement of both is elusive.
Machine learning approach for predicting compressive strength in foam concrete under varying mix designs and curing periods
Authors: Ahmad Soran Abdrahman , Ahmed Hemn Unis , Rafiq Serwan Khwrshid , Ahmad Dler Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfforts to reduce the weight of buildings and structures, counteract the seismic threat to human life, and cut down on construction expenses are widespread. A strategy employed to address these challenges involves the adoption of foam concrete. Unlike traditional concrete, foam concrete maintains the standard concrete composition but excludes coarse aggregates, substituting them with a foam agent. This alteration serves a dual purpose: diminishing the concrete’s overall weight, thereby achieving a lower density than regular concrete, and creating voids within the material due to the foam agent, resulting in excellent thermal conductivity. This article delves into the presentation of statistical models utilizing three different methods—linear (LR), non-linear (NLR), and artificial neural network (ANN)—to predict the compressive strength of foam concrete. These models are formulated based on a dataset of 97 sets of experimental data sourced from prior research endeavors. A comparative evaluation of the outcomes is subsequently conducted, leveraging statistical benchmarks like the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE), with the aim of identifying the most proficient model. The results underscore the remarkable effectiveness of the ANN model. This is evident in the ANN model’s R2 value, which surpasses that of the LR model by 36% and the non-linear model by 22%. Furthermore, the ANN model demonstrates significantly lower MAE and RMSE values compared to both the LR and NLR models.
Hemoptysis recurrence in an Indonesian female with pulmonary aspergilloma: A case report
Authors: Subay Susi , Yudhawati Resti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
and Importance: Pulmonary aspergilloma causes hemoptysis recurrence, and most patients die if surgery is not performed. In this case, the diagnosis challenge was when the patient had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Case presentation
An Indonesian female, 25 years old, complained of recurring hemoptysis and dyspnea with a pulmonary tuberculosis history five years ago. First, hemoptysis occurred 2 years ago, treated and cured. Chest X-ray and CT-scan results showed pulmonary tuberculosis, but Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not detected when Ziehl Neelsen and GeneXpert tests were conducted. A repeated CT scan found a fungus ball and was used for differential diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma. The patient underwent a left lateral lobectomy and was given 150 mg/day of fluconazole. The patient showed a good prognosis for 2 months and increased body weight by 3 kg.

Clinical discussion
The challenge in pulmonary aspergilloma is an atypical sign and symptom that raises suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis because the patient had a tuberculosis history. Resection in pulmonary aspergilloma is recommended to decrease mortality risk and continue with antifungal drugs to support a good prognosis.

Conclusion
Surgery and antifungal management in pulmonary aspergilloma can reduce mortality.

Highlights
Integrative analysis of new Clinostomum metacercariae (Digenea, Clinostomidae) using COI mtDNA and morphology rises the number of lineages found in South American freshwater fishes
Authors: Montes M.M. , García I. , Paredes del Puerto J.M. , Barneche J.A. , Ibañez Shimabukuro M. , Reig Cardarella G.F. , Martorelli S.R. , Pérez Ponce de León G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clinostomidae is a diverse family of digenean parasitizing fish-eating birds as adults and fishes as metacercariae. The species composition, within the genus Clinostomum has been steadily increasing in recent years. In Argentina, four named species of Clinostomum have been documented, accompanied by four metacercariae representing distinct genetic lineages whose adults have not been identified. This study focused on examining clinostomids in three fish species – Australoheros scitulus (ASI), Cichlasoma dimerus (CDIM), and Pimelodella laticeps (PLA) – at various localities in Argentina. We conducted both morphological and molecular characterizations of the Clinostomum metacercariae collected from these fish species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI mtDNA were performed to determine the placement of these metacercariae within the clinostomid phylogenetic tree. Clinostomum ASC represents a distinct lineage, morphologically distinguishable from other sequenced metacercariae due to its body shape (widest anteriorly and becoming slender towards the posterior end); this lineage was found to be closely related to C. caffarae. While Clinostomum CDIM and Clinostomum PLA exhibited morphological differences, they clustered together genetically with metacercariae reported in previous studies as Clinostomum L3 and Clinostomum CVI. This outcome, coupled with a low genetic distance (0 to 3%), suggests that they are conspecific with metacercariae found in fish across Mexico, Costa Rica, and Argentina. In light of the extensive diversity of fish species in Argentine freshwater ecosystems (over 500 species), and considering the relatively constrained extent of prior investigations, the anticipation of unearthing additional Clinostomum species or lineages is plausible.
Bells and whistles: listening between the lines in sixteenth-century Exeter
Authors: Osborne Kate 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn an attempt to counteract the silence of Exeter’s late sixteenth-century cartographic representation and to explore further the idea of urban social relations expressed in auditory terms, this article investigates the issues involved in the ringing of Exeter’s civic bells, some of which may reflect a fractious relationship between two sources of authority within the city walls. It sets out some of the challenges to recreating this city’s broader sonic identity and outlines the results of initial attempts to do so.
Variability of Sarocladium oryzae [(Sawada) Games & Hawksworth] and identification of novel donors for sheath rot resistance among temperate germplasm lines of rice
Authors: Manzoor Tabassum , Ahanger Mohd Ashraf , Altaf Heena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSheath rot is one of the most destructive emerging diseases of rice in Asia and a significant loss (20–85%) to rice production is caused by this disease under temperate agro-climatic conditions of Kashmir. Disease is more prevalent in higher belts of valley where Japonica rice cultivation is more common. Also, late-maturing varieties are more likely to be attacked by sheath rot disease of rice. Information regarding the occurrence and distribution of any pathogen and its variability in the field is very much essential to devise a suitable disease management programme against the particular pathogen. The isolates of Sarocladium oryzae tested in the present study exhibited considerable variation in cultural characteristics, morphology and pathogenicity. The resistant sources for sheath rot disease of rice were identified among the temperate germplasm of rice under a relatively high inoculum concentration and disease pressure of all the variable isolates of S. oryzae. Among 219 rice genotypes screened for resistance against S. oryzae under field conditions, 42 genotypes were further evaluated under controlled epiphytotic conditions against all the 18 isolates of S. oryzae. Four genotypes (SKUA-354, ORN-V4, GS-183, GS357) were finally selected with high resistance against sheath rot disease of rice which can be utilized as potential donors for the development of disease-resistant varieties of rice against sheath rot.
Constraining Sector‐Specific CO2 Fluxes Using Space‐Based XCO2 Observations Over the Los Angeles Basin
Authors: Roten Dustin , Lin John C. , Das Saswati , Kort Eric A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth's atmosphere is increasing due to human activities and the resulting effects on the global climate system have initiated several policy‐driven approaches to reduce emissions of this greenhouse gas. Quantifying the effectiveness of such policies requires both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches to estimate CO2 emissions. This work investigates, for the first time, the potential of using Snapshot Area Map observations from NASA's OCO‐3 instrument to disaggregate sector‐specific emissions from instrument observations. Optimized sector‐specific timeseries were produced using Bayesian inversion techniques and compared to proxy activity data from transportation, commercial maritime, and industrial sectors in the Los Angeles Basin. Results demonstrate that dense space‐based observations of atmospheric CO2 are capable of disentangling sector‐specific CO2 fluxes, paving the way for accurate monitoring of the effects of carbon‐reduction policies and operational carbon monitoring systems.
Ginsenoside Rg3 enriches SCFA-producing commensal bacteria to confer protection against enteric viral infection via the cGAS-STING-type I IFN axis
Authors: Wang Gan , Liu Jingtianyi , Zhang Yanan , Xie Jinyan , Chen Shuxian , Shi Yuhua , Shi Fushan , Zhu Shu Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The microbiota-associated factors that influence host susceptibility and immunity to enteric viral infections remain poorly defined. We identified that the herbal monomer ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) can shape the gut microbiota composition, enriching robust short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing Blautia spp. Colonization by representative Blautia coccoides and Blautia obeum could protect germ-free or vancomycin (Van)-treated mice from enteric virus infection, inducing type I interferon (IFN-I) responses in macrophages via the MAVS-IRF3-IFNAR signaling pathway. Application of exogenous SCFAs (acetate/propionate) reproduced the protective effect of Rg3 and Blautia spp. in Van-treated mice, enhancing intracellular Ca2+- and MAVS-dependent mtDNA release and activating the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis by stimulating GPR43 signaling in macrophages. Our findings demonstrate that macrophage sensing of metabolites from specific commensal bacteria can prime the IFN-I signaling that is required for antiviral functions.
Visualizing ultrafast photothermal dynamics with decoupled optical force nanoscopy
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Meyer Sean M. , Murphy Catherine J. , Chen Yun-Sheng , Zhao Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe photothermal effect in nanomaterials, resulting from resonant optical absorption, finds wide applications in biomedicine, cancer therapy, and microscopy. Despite its prevalence, the photothermal effect in light-absorbing nanoparticles has typically been assessed using bulk measurements, neglecting near-field effects. Beyond standard imaging and therapeutic uses, nanosecond-transient photothermal effects have been harnessed for bacterial inactivation, neural stimulation, drug delivery, and chemical synthesis. While scanning probe microscopy and electron microscopy offer single-particle imaging of photothermal fields, their slow speed limits observations to milliseconds or seconds, preventing nanoscale dynamic investigations. Here, we introduce decoupled optical force nanoscopy (Dofn), enabling nanometer-scale mapping of photothermal forces by exploiting unique phase responses to temporal modulation. We employ the photothermal effect’s back-action to distinguish various time frames within a modulation period. This allows us to capture the dynamic photothermal process of a single gold nanorod in the nanosecond range, providing insights into non-stationary thermal diffusion at the nanoscale.
PRMT2 promotes HIV-1 latency by preventing nucleolar exit and phase separation of Tat into the Super Elongation Complex
Authors: Jin Jiaxing , Bai Hui , Yan Han , Deng Ting , Li Tianyu , Xiao Ruijing , Fan Lina , Bai Xue , Ning Hanhan , Liu Zhe , Zhang Kai , Wu Xudong , Liang Kaiwei , Ma Ping , Gao Xin , Hu Deqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe HIV-1 Tat protein hijacks the Super Elongation Complex (SEC) to stimulate viral transcription and replication. However, the mechanisms underlying Tat activation and inactivation, which mediate HIV-1 productive and latent infection, respectively, remain incompletely understood. Here, through a targeted complementary DNA (cDNA) expression screening, we identify PRMT2 as a key suppressor of Tat activation, thus contributing to proviral latency in multiple cell line latency models and in HIV-1-infected patient CD4+ T cells. Our data reveal that the transcriptional activity of Tat is oppositely regulated by NPM1-mediated nucleolar retention and AFF4-induced phase separation in the nucleoplasm. PRMT2 preferentially methylates Tat arginine 52 (R52) to reinforce its nucleolar sequestration while simultaneously counteracting its incorporation into the SEC droplets, thereby leading to its functional inactivation to promote proviral latency. Thus, our studies unveil a central and unappreciated role for Tat methylation by PRMT2 in connecting its subnuclear distribution, liquid droplet formation, and transactivating function, which could be therapeutically targeted to eradicate latent viral reservoirs.