bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized online information search and visualization
Authors: Chen Dongquan , Orthner Helmuth F , Sell Susan M 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
The rapid growth of online publications such as the Medline and other sources raises the questions how to get the relevant information efficiently. It is important, for a bench scientist, e.g., to monitor related publications constantly. It is also important, for a clinician, e.g., to access the patient records anywhere and anytime. Although time-consuming, this kind of searching procedure is usually similar and simple. Likely, it involves a search engine and a visualization interface. Different words or combination reflects different research topics. The objective of this study is to automate this tedious procedure by recording those words/terms in a database and online sources, and use the information for an automated search and retrieval. The retrieved information will be available anytime and anywhere through a secure web server.

Results
We developed such a database that stored searching terms, journals and et al., and implement a piece of software for searching the medical subject heading-indexed sources such as the Medline and other online sources automatically. The returned information were stored locally, as is, on a server and visible through a Web-based interface. The search was performed daily or otherwise scheduled and the users logon to the website anytime without typing any words. The system has potentials to retrieve similarly from non-medical subject heading-indexed literature or a privileged information source such as a clinical information system. The issues such as security, presentation and visualization of the retrieved information were thus addressed. One of the presentation issues such as wireless access was also experimented. A user survey showed that the personalized online searches saved time and increased and relevancy. Handheld devices could also be used to access the stored information but less satisfactory.

Conclusion
The Web-searching software or similar system has potential to be an efficient tool for both bench scientists and clinicians for their daily information needs.
Is expanding Medicare coverage cost-effective?
Authors: Franks Peter , Muennig Peter , Gold Marthe 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Proposals to expand Medicare coverage tend to be expensive, but the value of services purchased is not known. This study evaluates the efficiency of the average private supplemental insurance plan for Medicare recipients.

Methods
Data from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Death Index, and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were analyzed to estimate the costs, changes in life expectancy, and health-related quality of life gains associated with providing private supplemental insurance coverage for Medicare beneficiaries. Model inputs included socio-demographic, health, and health behavior characteristics.
Parameter estimates from regression models were used to predict quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs associated with private supplemental insurance relative to Medicare only. Markov decision analysis modeling was then employed to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.

Results
Medicare supplemental insurance is associated with increased health care utilization, but the additional costs associated with this utilization are offset by gains in quality-adjusted life expectancy. The incremental cost-effectiveness of private supplemental insurance is approximately $24,000 per QALY gained relative to Medicare alone.

Conclusion
Supplemental insurance for Medicare beneficiaries is a good value, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparable to medical interventions commonly deemed worthwhile.
Fibrocytes are potent stimulators of anti-virus cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Balmelli Carole , Ruggli Nicolas , McCullough Kenneth , Summerfield Artur 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFibrocytes (Fb) are a population of circulating leukocytes reported to be capable of presenting antigen to CD4+ T lymphocytes. In contrast, no information is available about their capacity to stimulate CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. To this end, Fb were isolated from porcine blood to investigate their ability to stimulate CTL responses using a classical swine fever virus model. The isolated Fb (referred to as primary Fb) displayed the phenotype previously reported for mouse and human Fb, particularly in terms of the surface proteins necessary for antigen presentation, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II, and CD80/86. These primary Fb endocytosed and degraded antigen efficiently. In absence of exogenous stimuli, endocytosis and MHC II expression were lost when the Fb were passaged and cultured. Treatment of such secondary Fb with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) restored the MHC II expression. The primary and secondary Fb were capable of stimulating antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes relating to previous reports. In addition, an efficient stimulation of virus-specific CD8+CTL was measured in terms of CD8+ T cell proliferation, IFN-γ production, and cytotoxic activity. This was noted even at low Fb/T lymphocyte ratios, at which dendritic cells were less efficient. Although IFN-γ pretreatment of Fb was not necessary for this function, it could enhance the Fb activity. These results demonstrate that Fb are efficient, accessory cells for the presentation of viral antigen to specific CD8+ CTL.
The optimal design for a ground cooling tube in a hot, arid climate
Authors: Hanby VI , Loveday DL , Al-Ajmi F 
Published: March 2005

In many hot, arid climates there is a high level of use of domestic air conditioning which can make heavy demands on local electricity generation. A passive strategy which could mitigate this demand is the deployment of ground cooling tubes in which external air is drawn into the building/plant via a tube buried below ground. Whilst this principle has been known of for a considerable time, and many example installations described, there has been no systematic investigation of the influence of the design parameters on the viability of the system. The paper describes a method for carrying out a systematic parametric optimization for a ground cooling tube by coupling a validated numerical model of the system with a constrained optimization method using an evolutionary strategy. Optimizations were based on a thermo-dynamic objective function (minimizing external energy consumption of the whole system) and an economic function (payback time for the tube). Whilst the results are specific to the hot, arid climate of the state of Kuwait, the methodology has universal applicability and illustrates the functional power of combining a performance model with an optimization method in producing optimized designs of energy systems. Practical application: Building and plant simulation programs are becoming increasingly accepted as a design tool: for confirming the performance of a proposed design or for carrying out ‘what if?’ studies to evaluate the effects of varying design parameters or equipment selection. This paper illustrates that, provided the design problem can be modelled in all relevant aspects, linking the simulation program to a constrained optimization can provide significantly more decision support to the designer.
A prospective study on paediatric traffic injuries: health-related quality of life and post-traumatic stress
Authors: van der Sluis Corry K , Stewart Roy E , Groothoff Johan W , ten Duis Henk Jan , Eisma Willem H 
Published: March 2005

Objectives: To examine children's reports of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following paediatric traffic injury, to explore child and parental post-traumatic stress, and to identify children and parents with adverse outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Assessments: shortly after the injury, three months and six months post injury. Setting: Department of Traumatology, University Hospital. Subjects: Fifty-one young traffic injury victims aged 8-15 years. Main measures: TNO-AZL Children's Quality of Life questionnaire and the Impact of Event Scale. Results: Short-term adverse changes in the child's HRQoL were observed for the child's motor functioning and autonomy. At three months, 12% of the children and 16% of the parents reported serious post-traumatic stress symptoms. Increased stress at three months, or across follow-up, was observed among hospitalized children, children with head injuries, and children injured in a motor vehicle accident. Parental stress was related to low socioeconomic status and the seriousness of the child's injury and accident (hospitalization, head injury, serious injury, motor vehicle involved, others injured). Conclusions: The children reported only temporary effects in their motor functioning and autonomy. Post-traumatic stress symptoms following paediatric traffic injury were not only experienced by the children, but also by their parents.
Social class and access to specialist palliative care services
Authors: Kessler David , Peters Tim J , Lee Liz , Parr Susie 
Published: March 2005

Objective: To determine any social class differences in place of death of cancer patients in South Bristol; to explore the experience of carers; and to identify inequalities in access to palliative care. Design: Two-part study: (1) A cross-sectional survey of all 960 cancer deaths in South Bristol between September 1999 and December 2002. (2) A qualitative in-depth interview study of 18 carers of patients who died of cancer during the same period in South Bristol. Fourteen of those who died were from social class IIIM (manual), IV and V (i.e. lower social classes). Main outcomes: Place of death of patients according to social class and geographical distance from the hospice. Carers' accounts of the way in which illness and death were conducted, and their response to the management of death and dying. Results: The cross sectional survey showed that patients from social class V were less likely to die in the hospice. This finding was independent of geographical proximity. In the qualitative study, no class specific beliefs about death and dying were identified. Attitudes to the way dying should be conducted were common across the classes. Families expected to be present and centre stage at the time of death and for it to be conducted in a dignified and personal manner. Health care staff in all settings supported them in this aim. No one in this study died without a family member present. Some elderly carers were less open than younger carers in the way they talked about death and did not wish to be present at the death. Some carers from social class IV and V were less active in seeking information or asking for hospice admission than carers from other classes. Unrealistic expectations about the availability of hospice beds were common to all carers. Anxiety was common among carers. It was reduced by the provision of reliable and consistent healthcare support, by information provided in a timely and sensitive way, and by open and shared decision making between carer and patient. Most important in reducing anxiety was the support of a second carer who lived locally and was reliable. Carers from social classes IIIM (manual), IV and V were more likely to have this kind of support than carers from social classes I, II and IIIN (non-manual). Conclusion: Although cancer patients from social class V were less likely than others to die in the hospice, social inequality in access to or utilisation of healthcare in terminal illness was not prominent in carers' accounts. When it did arise, it was associated with passivity in seeking information and support on the part of some carers from social classes IV and V. Carers from social classes IIIM-V received more regular and reliable support from their families than those from social classes I-IIIN.
L' Art des Cavernes en Pays‐Basque: Les Grottes d'Ekain et Altxerri; Journey through the Ice Age; L'Art des Origines au Yemen
Authors: Tattersall Ian 
Published: March 2005

L' Art des Cavernes en Pays‐Basque: Les Grottes d'Ekain et Altxerri. Jesus Altuna. Paris: Seuil Publishers, 1996.200 pp.Journey through the Ice Age. Paul G. Bahn and Jean Vertut. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.240 pp.L'Art des Origines au Yemen. Michel‐Alain Garcia and Madiha Rachad. Paris: Seuil Publishers, 1997.99 pp.
A New Incubator for the Assessment of Hatching and Emergence Success as Well as the Timing of Emergence in Salmonids
Authors: Bernier-Bourgault Isabel , Guillemette François , Vallée Charles , Magnan Pierre 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
We devised a new incubator to estimate hatching and emergence success as well as the timing of emergence of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. The incubation basket is cylindrical and made of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) grid that allows water to flow through from all directions. A fry trap is set on top of the incubation basket to catch the emergent larvae. A PVC coupler is fixed to the incubation basket and allows the fry trap to be easily removed and replaced so that one can sample larvae during emergence. In the field, the emergence success for incubators containing natural substrate ranged from 0% to 50%, compared with 0% to 77% for incubators that used Astroturf as a substrate. In the laboratory, the emergence success with Astroturf alone (75%) was comparable to that in the incubators that used Astroturf in the field (73%), suggesting that the incubator structure itself does not influence the survival of brook trout eggs. This incubator is easy to build and the materials needed for its construction are readily available. The collection of emergent larvae is easy and does not require additional equipment. Its advantages over other salmonid incubators are that it can resist adverse spring floods and freshets and it allows the assessment of emergence at various times in the field. This is important when determining the timing of emergence.
Possible association between autism and variants in the brain‐expressed tryptophan hydroxylase gene (TPH2)
Authors: Coon Hilary , Dunn Diane , Lainhart Janet , Miller Judith , Hamil Cindy , Battaglia Agatino , Tancredi Raffaella , Leppert Mark F. , Weiss Robert , McMahon William 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report a possible association between autism in our sample and a recently described brain‐expressed tryptophan hydroxylase gene (TPH2). The well‐replicated involvement of the serotonin neurotransmitter system in autism has stimulated interest in many genes in the serotonin pathway as possible candidates for mutations leading to autism susceptibility. Serotonin synthesis is controlled by the rate‐limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. A mouse study of the original tryptophan hydroxylase gene (TPH1) and the new isoform (TPH2) showed that while TPH1 is primarily expressed peripherally, TPH2 is found exclusively in brain tissue. We searched for human sequence variants in 6,467 nucleotides covering all 11 exons of TPH2, and also 248 nucleotides upstream of the start codon, and 935 nucleotides downstream of the stop codon. Eighteen variants were characterized in 88 subjects with autism studied at our two centers, and 95 unrelated control subjects. Using a model‐free association method and empirical P value estimation, two variants showed frequency differences between autism and control subjects (P = 0.01 for a T‐G variant in intron 1, and P = 0.02 for a A‐T variant in intron 4). A haplotype including these variants showed slightly increased significance (P = 0.005). Further investigation of clinical phenotypes showed a possible association between presence of the variants at these two SNPs and higher scores on the Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI) domain describing repetitive and stereotyped behaviors (P = 0.007). We conclude that TPH2 may play a modest role in autism susceptibility, perhaps relating specifically to repetitive behaviors, pending replication of this result. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A flux‐transport dynamo with a multi‐cell meridional circulation
Authors: Bonanno A. , Elstner D. , Belvedere G. , Rüdiger G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe discuss the effect of a non‐trivial meridional circulation pattern on a flux‐transport type of solar dynamo. The critical value of the turbulent helicity and the periods are calculated as a function of the meridional flow strength. We found that the dynamo mechanism is mainly determined by the global topology of the meridional flow. In particular the equatorwards migration in the butterfly diagram can be easily obtained by the combined action of two cells of meridional circulation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flip‐flop phenomenon: observations and theory
Authors: Elstner D. , Korhonen H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn many active stars the spots concentrate on two permanent active longitudes which are 180° apart. In some of these stars the dominant part of the spot activity changes the longitude every few years. This so‐called flip‐flop phenomenon has up to now been reported in 11 stars, both single and binary alike, and including also the Sun. To explain this phenomenon, a non‐axisymmetric dynamo mode, giving rise to two permanent active longitudes at opposite stellar hemispheres, is needed together with an oscillating axisymmetric magnetic field. Here we discuss the observed characteristics of the flip‐flop phenomenon and present a dynamo solution to explain them. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coexpression of the type 1 growth factor receptor family members HER‐1, HER‐2, and HER‐3 has a synergistic negative prognostic effect on breast carcinoma survival
Authors: Wiseman Sam M. , Makretsov Nikita , Nielsen Torsten O. , Gilks Blake , Yorida Erika , Cheang Maggie , Turbin Dmitry , Gelmon Karen , Huntsman David G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clinical significance of coexpression of type 1 growth factor receptor (T1GFR) family members remains largely unknown. The objective of the current study was to determine the frequency and the possible prognostic effect of coexpression of HER‐1, HER‐2, HER‐3, and HER‐4 by breast carcinoma.METHODSTissue microarrays were constructed using clinically annotated formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumor samples from 242 patients with invasive breast carcinomas with a median 15‐year follow‐up. The levels of TIGFR family members (HER‐1–HER‐4) were measured by immunohistochemistry. K‐means clustering algorithm, as well as univariate (Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank test) and multivariate (Cox regression) survival analyses were applied to the data set.RESULTSUsing univariate analysis, expression of HER‐1, HER‐2, and HER‐3, but not HER‐4, was significantly associated with decreased patient disease‐specific survival (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that coexpression of ≥ 2 of HER‐1, HER‐2, and HER‐3 in any combination was associated with reduced patient disease‐specific survival compared with single marker expression or no expression (35% vs. 65% vs. 78% 10‐year survival rates, P = 0.001). Using multivariate analysis, expression of ≥ 2 of HER‐1, HER‐2, and HER‐3 was independent of lymph node status and tumor size.CONCLUSIONSIn a cohort of patients with breast carcinoma, the authors observed T1GFR family member coexpression (HER‐1, HER‐2, and HER‐3) to have a negative synergistic effect on patient outcome, independent of tumor size or lymph node status. Thus, coexpression of T1GFR family members identified a subset of patients with a poor disease prognosis who may potentially benefit from therapy simultaneously targeting several T1GFR family members. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Ontogenesis of the sulfhydryl oxidase QSOX expression in rat brain
Authors: Mairet‐Coello Georges , Tury Anna , Fellmann Dominique , Risold Pierre‐Yves , Griffond Bernadette 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe spatiotemporal pattern of distribution of the sulfhydryl oxidase QSOX throughout ontogeny was mapped in rat brain using immunohistochemistry. The enzyme was detected on embryonic day (E) 12 in the dawning mantle layer, but the adult‐like pattern was acquired postnatally around day 30 (P30). Throughout ontogenesis, rQSOX was detected in immature and mature neurons, but not in glial cells. The rQSOX developmental pattern can be divided into four periods: on E12 the enzyme was detected in the brainstem, more precisely in motoneurons; later (E16), rQSOX‐positive cells were also observed in the forebrain, in the caudoputamen, and the subventricular zone. During late embryogenesis (E18–20), the amount of rQSOX cells considerably increased throughout the brain; they initially appeared in the hippocampus, then in the isocortex. From birth onwards, complex modifications of the rQSOX distribution occurred leading to the adult pattern by P30. Although rQSOX exhibits an overall increasing spatiotemporal pattern of distribution, different expression strategies were distinguished depending on the cell type or brain area. By comparing the rQSOX ontogeny with data on neurogenesis and brain histogenesis, we hypothesize that the enzyme could play a role in guiding migrating cells, their settling, and neuronal maturation, e.g., during outgrowth and synaptogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:403–417, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐accurate solution of advection–diffusion problems by wavelet‐Taylor–Galerkin method
Authors: Mehra Mani , Kumar B. V. Rathish 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper we propose a wavelet Taylor–Galerkin method for the numerical solution of time‐dependent advection–diffusion problems. The discretization in time is performed before the spatial discretization by introducing second‐ and third‐order accurate generalization of the standard time stepping schemes with the help of Taylor series expansions in time step. Numerical schemes taking advantage of the wavelet bases capabilities to compress both functions and operators are presented. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of our approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical antenna design for indoor optical wireless communication systems
Authors: Ramirez‐Iniguez R. , Green R. J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn the present paper, the design of the non‐imaging totally internally reflecting concentrator family denominated optical antennas (OAs) is discussed, and its use for indoor optical wireless communication systems is explained. The lenses presented here can be designed to provide a prescribed angular response in order to limit the central wavelength shift in thin‐film optical filters. They can also be designed for any specific field‐of‐view (FOV), which allows greater rejection of unwanted background radiation and higher gains. The use of a variety of optical filters to achieve a high signal‐to‐noise ratio at the receiver is described. Design methods and properties of different Optical Antennas are explained. Comparisons of size and performance of total internal reflection based concentrators with those based on dielectric hemispheres and compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) are carried out. Finally different experimental results are presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.