bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrapolation
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe extrapolation of creep data to longer times is technically very important. The traditional way of extrapolating creep rupture data is to use time temperaturer parameters (TTPs). In this way data from several test temperatures are combined to a single master curve that can be used to assess rupture strengths at long times. Recently, there is much focus on machine learning techniques (neural networks, NNs). Both types of procedures can generate accurate results, but a detailed analysis is required. A good way to assess the quality of the results is to use the post assessment tests (PATs) developed by ECCC. Without such tests arbitrary results can be obtained. They are important for both TTPs and NNs. It has been shown that by putting requirements on the derivatives of the creep rupture curves, the PATs can more or less automatically be satisfied. In addition, the error in the extrapolated values should be estimated. Using the basic creep models presented in this book, prediction of rupture strength and ductility can be made in a safer way. It is demonstrated for Cu that accurate extrapolation of many order of magnitude in the creep rate can be made, which is never possible with empirical models.
Solid Solution Hardening
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe size and modulus misfit between solute and parent atoms gives rise to strengthening, solid solution hardening (SSH). With the development of Argon’s expression for the interaction energies for solute atoms and dislocations for size and modulus misfit, both effects can now be modeled without the introduction of adjustable or arbitrary parameters. These expressions are used to derive models for SSH during creep. Although the constants for the modulus misfit can be an order larger than those for size misfit, the latter effect is still dominating. The interaction energy gives a direct contribution to the activation energy for creep. The solutes form Cottrell atmospheres around the dislocations. For slowly diffusion elements, these atmospheres give rise to a drag force that slows down the motion of the dislocations. Fast diffusing elements have to break away from the dislocations to enable their motion. This creates a break stress that is the source of SSH in this case.
Cells and Subgrains. The Role of Cold Work
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn almost all metals and alloys, dislocations are concentrated to narrow regions after plastic deformation that divide the material into cells or subgrains. The cell walls consist of tangles whereas the subgrains are surrounded by thin regular networks of dislocations. The cells are transferred to subgrains with increasing temperature. Although these substructures have been analyzed for many years, basic models of their development have only appeared recently. Models for substructures are presented for plastic deformation at constant stress and at constant strain rate. During straining the dislocations can move in opposite directions creating a polarized structure, where the possibility for recovery of dislocations is reduced. This can be expressed in term of a back stress. Its presence explains why creep curves at near ambient temperatures could have an appearance that is similar to that at elevated temperatures. It is also the basis for the effect of cold work on creep. The models can quantitatively describe why the creep rate can be reduced by up to six orders of magnitude for Cu after cold work.
Emergent supersymmetry at large N
Authors: Prakash Shiroman , Sinha Shubham Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We search for infrared fixed points of Gross-Neveu Yukawa models with matrix degrees of freedom in d = 4 − ε. We consider three models — a model with SU(N) symmetry in which the scalar and fermionic fields both transform in the adjoint representation, a model with SO(N) symmetry in which the scalar and fermion fields both transform as real symmetric-traceless matrices, and a model with SO(N) symmetry in which the scalar field transforms as a real symmetric-traceless matrix, while the fermion transforms in the adjoint representation. These models differ at finite N, but their large-N limits are perturbatively equivalent. The first two models contain a supersymmetric fixed point for all N, which is attractive to all classically-marginal deformations for N sufficiently large. The third model possesses a stable fixed point that, although non-supersymmetric, gives rise to many correlation functions that are identical to those of a supersymmetric fixed point when N is sufficiently large. We also find several non-supersymmetric fixed points at finite and large-N. Planar diagrams dominate the large-N limit of these fixed points, which suggests the possibility of a stringy holographic dual description.
Measuring lepton number violation in heavy neutral lepton decays at the future muon collider
Authors: Mikulenko Oleksii , Marinichenko Mariia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The future muon collider has the potential to discover feebly interacting particles in a wide range of masses above the electroweak scale. It is particularly suitable to search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), as their production cross section $$ \sigma \sim {m}_W^{-2} $$
σ
∼

m
W

−
2

is not suppressed by the new physics scale. We demonstrate that with the capacity to observe up to 105 events in the previously unexplored TeV mass range, the muon collider provides the means to measure the fraction of lepton number violating (LNV) processes with precision at the level of a percent. This capability enables elucidating the nature of HNLs, allowing us to differentiate between Majorana, Dirac, and non-minimal scenarios featuring multiple degenerate HNLs. We link the observed fraction of LNV processes to the parameters of the model with three degenerate HNLs, which could be responsible for generating baryon asymmetry in the Universe. Additionally, we present a simple estimate for the number of signal events, as well as analyze the feasibility of vector boson fusion processes in searches for HNLs.
Computational Design and Fabrication Strategy for Topology Optimization of Spiral Staircase Using Metal Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Elhamy Amr Atef , Elselmy Rowan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study presents the integration of Topology Optimization (TO) as a design strategy and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) as a fabrication strategy. Although TO is well-known in the discipline, a gap in implementing this technique in architectural design due to fabrication limitations remains. In this research, an integrated framework is proposed to obtain a design where both TO and WAAM printing are implemented simultaneously. This framework is divided into five main phases, (1) checking suitability, (2) preprocessing, (3) processing, (4) post-processing, and (5) printing. The framework is then applied to the design of a topology-optimized spiral staircase and studied for fabrication using WAAM metal 3D printing. The results conclude that avoiding the usual standardization of design can be realized by implementing a framework that takes the fabrication strategies into consideration throughout the design process.
Similar rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and failure of non-operative management for early versus delayed VTE chemoprophylaxis in adolescent blunt solid organ injuries: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Grigorian Areg , Schubl Sebastian , Swentek Lourdes , Barrios Cristobal , Lekawa Michael , Russell Dylan , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Early initiation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis in adults with blunt solid organ injury (BSOI) has been demonstrated to be safe but this is controversial in adolescents. We hypothesized that adolescent patients with BSOI undergoing non-operative management (NOM) and receiving early VTE chemoprophylaxis (eVTEP) (≤ 48 h) have a decreased rate of VTE and similar rate of failure of NOM, compared to similarly matched adolescents receiving delayed VTE chemoprophylaxis (dVTEP) (> 48 h).

Methods
The 2017–2019 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database was queried for adolescents (12–17 years of age) with BSOI (liver, kidney, and/or spleen) undergoing NOM. We compared eVTEP versus dVTEP using a 1:1 propensity score model, matching for age, comorbidities, BSOI grade, injury severity score, hypotension on arrival, and need for transfusions. We performed subset analyses in patients with isolated spleen, kidney, and liver injury.

Results
From 1022 cases, 417 (40.8%) adolescents received eVTEP. After matching, there was no difference in matched variables (all p > 0.05). Both groups had a similar rate of VTE (dVTEP 0.6% vs. eVTEP 1.7%, p = 0.16), mortality (dVTEP 0.3% vs. eVTEP 0%, p = 0.32), and failure of NOM (eVTEP 6.7% vs. dVTEP 7.3%, p = 0.77). These findings remained true in all subset analyses of isolated solid organ injury (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The rate of VTE with adolescent BSOI is exceedingly rare. Early VTE chemoprophylaxis in adolescent BSOI does not increase the rate of failing NOM. However, unlike adult trauma patients, adolescent patients with BSOI receiving eVTEP had a similar rate of VTE and death, compared to adolescents receiving dVTEP.
Auswirkungen des Ahrtal-Hochwassers auf die Gesundheit der lokalen Bevölkerung – eine Analyse auf Grundlage von GKV-Routinedaten
Authors: Augustin Jobst , Andrees Valerie , Czerniejewski Alice , Dallner Roman , Schulz Christian M. , Mezger Nikolaus Christian Simon 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den letzten Jahrzehnten traten in Deutschland Hochwasserereignisse auf, die eine Bedrohung für die Gesundheit der lokalen Bevölkerung darstellten. Es existieren allerdings kaum Studien, die die gesundheitlichen Folgen dieser Ereignisse untersuchen. Studienziel war daher die Untersuchung der Assoziationen des Ahrtal-Hochwassers im Jahr 2021 mit der Gesundheit der lokalen Bevölkerung.

Methoden
Datengrundlage dieser Studie sind bundesweite Abrechnungsdaten (stationär/ambulant) des BKK-Landesverbands Nordwest. Untersuchungsregion war die Region Ahrweiler, Untersuchungszeiträume jeweils das 3. Quartal der Jahre 2020 und 2021. Unter anderem mit Prevalence-Rate-Ratio-Tests wurde auf Grundlage von ICD-10-Kodierungen untersucht, welche Diagnosen (stationär/ambulant) räumlich und zeitlich in Assoziation mit dem Hochwasserereignis standen.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen im stationären Bereich eine deutliche Zunahme abgerechneter Leistungen in einigen Diagnosegruppen gegenüber dem Vorjahr. Verzeichnet wurden insbesondere Zunahmen bestimmter F‑Diagnosen (psychische und Verhaltensstörungen) und S‑Diagnosen (Verletzungen) sowie verschiedener Diagnoseschlüssel innerhalb der Z‑Kodierungen (Faktoren, die den Gesundheitszustand beeinflussen und zur Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitswesens führen). Im ambulanten Sektor wurde in vielen Diagnosegruppen (F- und Z‑Diagnosen) eine Abnahme identifiziert.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem die mentale Gesundheit der lokalen Bevölkerung und die Gesundheitsversorgung insgesamt (sektorspezifische Inanspruchnahme) vom Hochwasser beeinträchtigt wurden. Da Hochwasserereignisse zukünftig häufiger und stärker werden können, müssen die Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Bevölkerung und Gesundheitsinfrastruktur entsprechend angepasst werden.
EMG-Phänomene myogener Übererregbarkeit
Authors: Posa Andreas , Kornhuber Malte 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungArt, Verteilungsmuster und der zeitliche Verlauf muskulärer Spontanaktivität sind für die Diagnostik neuromuskulärer Krankheiten im klinischen Alltag bedeutsam. Bei neurogenen Läsionen mit motorisch axonaler Beteiligung ist pathologische Spontanaktivität (PSA) meist 2 bis 4 Wochen nach Läsionsbeginn mittels Nadelelektromyographie sicher fassbar. Das Verteilungsmuster korreliert dabei mit dem Läsionsort. Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt in der Darstellung der unterschiedlichen PSA-Verteilungsmuster bei myogenen Erkrankungen.
Evaluation of the protective effect of losartan in acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney damage in mice
Authors: Şahin Serkan , Aydın Ayça Çakmak , Göçmen Ayşe Yeşim , Kaymak Emin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcetaminophen is widely used among humans as an antipyretic and analgesic. In this study, the protective effect of losartan in hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice was investigated owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. An injection of a single dose of 500 mg/kg (i.p.) acetaminophen was administered to induce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Groups VI–X. Losartan at doses of 1 mg/kg (Group VII), 3 mg/kg (Group VIII), and 10 mg/kg (Groups III, V, IX, and X) was injected intraperitoneally twice, at 1 and 12 h after the acetaminophen injection. Additionally, a 4 mg/kg dose of GW9662 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) antagonist) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the losartan injections in Groups V and X. At the end of 24 h, the mice were euthanized, and blood, liver, and kidney tissue samples were collected. Levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, and oxidative stress markers including TBARS, SOD, CAT, GPx, TAS, TOS, GSH, and GSSG, along with pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α, were measured using ELISA kits. Additionally, a histological evaluation of the tissue samples was performed. Acetaminophen causes increases in the levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, TBARS, TOS, GSSG, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α in serum, liver, and kidney tissue. Meanwhile, it led to a decrease in the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, TAS, and GSH. Losartan injection reversed oxidative and inflammatory damage induced by acetaminophen. Histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue were alleviated by losartan. The substance GW9662 increased the protective effect of losartan. In light of all the data obtained from our study, it can be said that losartan has a protective effect on liver and kidney damage induced by acetaminophen due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In terms of the study, losartan was found to be an alternative substance that could protect people from the harmful effects of acetaminophen.
The Dual Approach to Optimal Control in the Coefficients of Nonlocal Nonlinear Diffusion
Authors: Schytt Marcus , Evgrafov Anton 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe derive the dual variational principle (principle of minimal complementary energy) for the nonlocal nonlinear scalar diffusion problem, which may be viewed as the nonlocal version of the $$p$$
p
-Laplacian operator. We establish existence and uniqueness of solutions (two-point fluxes) as well as their quantitative stability, which holds uniformly with respect to the small parameter (nonlocal horizon) characterizing the nonlocality of the problem. We then focus on the nonlocal analogue of the classical optimal control in the coefficient problem associated with the dual variational principle, which may be interpreted as that of optimally distributing a limited amount of conductivity in order to minimize the complementary energy. We show that this nonlocal optimal control problem $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-converges to its local counterpart, when the nonlocal horizon vanishes.
Vaginal prevention of Candida albicans: synergistic effect of lactobacilli and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS)
Authors: Faustino Margarida , Pereira Joana Odila , Pereira Ana Margarida , Oliveira Ana Sofia , Ferreira Carlos M. H. , Pereira Carla F. , Durão Joana , Pintado Manuela E. , Carvalho Ana P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects approximately 30–50% of women at least once during their lifetime, causing uncomfortable symptoms and limitations in their daily quality of life. Antifungal therapy is not very effective, does not prevent recurrencies and usually causes side effects. Therefore, alternative therapies are urgently needed. The goal of this work was to investigate the potential benefits of using mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) extracts together with a Lactobacillus sp. pool, composed by the most significant species present in the vaginal environment, to prevent infections by Candida albicans. Microbial growth of isolated strains of the main vaginal lactobacilli and Candida strains was assessed in the presence of MOS, to screen their impact upon growth. A pool of the lactobacilli was then tested against C. albicans in competition and prophylaxis studies; bacterial and yeast cell numbers were quantified in specific time points, and the above-mentioned studies were assessed in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF). Finally, adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (HeLa) was also evaluated, once again resorting to simultaneous exposure (competition) or prophylaxis assays, aiming to measure the effect of MOS presence in pathogen adherence. Results demonstrated that MOS extracts have potential to prevent vaginal candidiasis in synergy with vaginal lactobacilli, with improved results than those obtained when using lactobacilli alone.

Key points

Potential benefits of MOS extracts with vaginal lactobacilli to prevent C. albicans infections.

MOS impacts on growth of vaginal lactobacilli pool and C. albicans in SVF.

MOS extracts in synergy with L. crispatus inhibit C. albicans adhesion in HeLa cells.

Graphical Abstract
Recent advances in microbial synthesis of free heme
Authors: Yang Shaomei , Guo Zihao , Sun Jiuyu , Wei Jingxuan , Ma Qinyuan , Gao Xiuzhen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing porphyrin compound widely used in the fields of healthcare, food, and medicine. Compared to animal blood extraction, it is more advantageous to develop a microbial cell factory to produce heme. However, heme biosynthesis in microorganisms is tightly regulated, and its accumulation is highly cytotoxic. The current review describes the biosynthetic pathway of free heme, its fermentation production using different engineered bacteria constructed by metabolic engineering, and strategies for further improving heme synthesis. Heme synthetic pathway in Bacillus subtilis was modified utilizing genome-editing technology, resulting in significantly improved heme synthesis and secretion abilities. This technique avoided the use of multiple antibiotics and enhanced the genetic stability of strain. Hence, engineered B. subtilis could be an attractive cell factory for heme production. Further studies should be performed to enhance the expression of heme synthetic module and optimize the expression of heme exporter and fermentation processes, such as iron supply.

Key points
• Strengthening the heme biosynthetic pathway can significantly increase heme production.
• Heme exporter overexpression helps to promote heme secretion, thereby further promoting excessive heme synthesis.
• Engineered B. subtilis is an attractive alternative for heme production.
Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of sciatic nerve injury in acetabular fractures: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Arbash Mahmood , Alzobi Osama Z. , Salameh Motasem , Alkhayarin Mohd , Ahmed Ghalib 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the incidence, risk factors of the sciatic nerve injury in patients with acetabulum fractures and assess its prognosis.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional review was conducted on 273 patients with acetabulum fractures who were treated between January 1st, 2017, and December 30th, 2019. The medical records and radiographs of these patients were analyzed.

Results
The overall nerve injury rate was 7.7% (21 of 273 cases), with 3.1% (8 of 273 cases) occurring because of the initial injury and 12.8% (13 of 101 cases) as post-operative complications. Among those with nerve injuries, 95.2% (20 of 21 cases) were males and the average age of the patients was 31.5 (SD 9.5) years. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collisions with 55.7% (152 of 273 cases), and the most common fracture pattern associated with nerve injury was posterior column and posterior wall fracture with 31.6% (6 of 21 cases). Hip dislocation was found in 16.5% (14 of 21 cases) of patients with nerve injury. The Kocher Langenbeck approach was the most common approach used for patients with post-operative nerve injury, and the prone position was significantly associated with sciatic nerve injury during the operation. Of all patients with nerve injury, 52% (11 of 21 cases) had fully recovered, 29% (6 of 21 cases) had partially recovered, and 19% (4 of 21 cases) had no improvement. The average follow-up was 15 months.

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the incidence of sciatic nerve injuries in individuals with acetabulum fractures and highlights key risk factors, including hip dislocation, posterior column, and posterior wall fractures. It is noteworthy that the Kocher Langenbeck approach and the prone position may contribute to iatrogenic nerve injuries. Encouragingly, over half of the patients who suffered nerve injuries achieved full recovery, while nearly one-third experienced partial recovery. These findings underscore the vital significance of recognizing and addressing these risk factors in clinical practice.
Cardiopulmonary function in paediatric post-COVID-19: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Schoeffl Isabelle , Raming Roman , Tratzky Jan-Philipp , Regensburger Adrian P. , Kraus Calvin , Waellisch Wolfgang , Trollmann Regina , Woelfle Joachim , Dittrich Sven , Heiss Rafael , Knieling Ferdinand , Weigelt Annika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, the importance of post-COVID-19 in children has been recognized in surveys and retrospective chart analysis. However, objective data in the form of cardiopulmonary exercise test as performed in adults suffering from this condition are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the cardiopulmonary effects of post-COVID-19 on children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study (the FASCINATE study), children fulfilling the criteria of post-COVID-19 and an age- and sex-matched control group underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill and completed a questionnaire with regard to physical activity before, during and after the infection with SARS-CoV-2. We were able to recruit 20 children suffering from post-COVID-19 (mean age 12.8 ± 2.4 years, 60% females) and 28 control children (mean age 11.7 ± 3.5 years, 50% females). All participants completed a maximal treadmill test with a significantly lower $$\dot{{\text{V}}}{{\text{O}}}_{2}{\text{peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

in the post-COVID-19 group (37.4 ± 8.8 ml/kg/min vs. 43.0 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min. p = 0.019). This significance did not persist when comparing the achieved percentage of predicted $$\dot{{\text{V}}}{{\text{O}}}_{2}{\text{peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

. There were no significant differences for oxygen pulse, heart rate, minute ventilation or breathing frequency. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate post-COVID-19 in children using the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Although there was a significantly reduced $$\dot{{\text{V}}}{{\text{O}}}_{2}{\text{peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2

peak

in the post-COVID-19 group, this was not true for the percent of predicted values. No pathological findings with respect to cardiac or pulmonary functions could be discerned. Deconditioning was the most plausible cause for the experienced symptoms. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT054445531, Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Post Covid-19—Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov.

What is Known:• The persistence of symptoms after an infection with SARS-CoV 2, so-called post-COVID-19 exists also in children.• So far little research has been conducted to analyze this entity in the pediatric population.

What is New:• This is the first study proving a significantly lower cardiopulmonary function in pediatric patients suffering from post-COVID-19 symptoms.• The cardiac and pulmonary function appear similar between children suffering from post-COVID-19 and those who don’t, but the peripheral muscles seem affected.