bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative soil quality assessment is efficient in a grazing system with or without trees
Authors: Comin Jucinei José , Bourscheid César Alexandre , Giumbelli Lucas Dupont , Souza Teixeira Monique , Couto Rafael da Rosa , Lovato Paulo Emílio , Brunetto Gustavo , Vezzani Fabiane Machado , Lourenzi Cledimar Rogério , Loss Arcângelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoil quality (SQ) assessment is affected by methods that convert data sets into indices, and such analyses are expensive and time‐consuming. Qualitative SQ assessments are faster and cheaper than quantitative methods and they can be repeated to monitor SQ in crop and pasture systems. We evaluated SQ using qualitative and quantitative SQ indicators of two grazing systems under Voisin rational grazing (VRG) with trees (WT) or without trees (NT). We took an adjacent native forest as a reference and we used principal component analysis (PCA) to compare the accuracy of the assessment methods.RESULTSAccording to the set of indicators used for quantitative assessment, the WT system and the Forest had higher SQ than other systems as a result of higher values of soil physical and chemical indicators. This the reflected better performance of soil in functions related to structural support, nutrient cycling and biological productivity. According to the set of indicators used for qualitative assessment, the WT system showed better SQ than the NT areas because of the higher scores of all indicators and better performance of the soil functions, and those values were close to the Forest in the indicators. PCA applied to integrate the data of qualitative and quantitative indicators indicated that SQ in WT was similar to Forest.CONCLUSIONThe qualitative evaluation was as efficient as the quantitative evaluation for SQ assessment in VRG areas with and without trees. Its use can promote farmers' autonomy and the development of skills to identify environmental factors that help to evaluate their practices. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Deep and adaptive feature extraction attention network for single image super‐resolution
Authors: Lin Jianpu , Liao Lizhao , Lin Shanling , Lin Zhixian , Guo Tailiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSingle image super‐resolution (SISR) has been revolutionized by convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, existing SISR algorithms have feature extraction and adaptive adjustment limitations, leading to information duplication and unsatisfactory image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a deep and adaptive feature extraction attention network (DAAN), which first fully extracts shallow features and then adaptively captures precise and fine‐scale features by a deep feature extraction block (DFEB). It includes multi‐dimensional feature extraction blocks (MFEBs) that combine large kernel and dynamic convolution layers to improve large‐scale information utilization effectively. Finally, an enhanced spatial attention block (ESAB) to further selectively reinforce the transmission of details. A large number of experimental results show that our proposed model reconstruction performance is superior to existing classical methods.
Neuroprotective effect of ropinirole against Aβ1–42‐induced neurochemical perturbations and cognitive impairments in a rodent model
Authors: Akram Mohd. , Neha  , Pinky  , Saqib Mohd , Salman Mohd , Parvez Suhel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ropinirole (ROP) medication given for an extended period following the induction of cognitive decline, oxidative stress, and deterioration of mitochondria in a Wistar rat model by Aβ1–42. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective efficacy of ROP in a stereotaxis model of AD. The Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I was considered as a sham, group II served as Aβ‐infusion alone, Group III was Aβ1–42+ ROP (5 mg/kg/i.p.), and Group IV was Aβ1–42+ ROP (10 mg/kg/i.p.). Our research revealed that ROP (10 mg/kg, b.wt.) attenuates the cognitive deficits caused by Aβ1–42‐infused, which also correlates with the barnes maze, where (10 mg/kg, b.w.t.) shows significant improvement in spatial learning and memory. At the same time, ROP was rescued from oxidative damage, decreased lipid peroxidation rates, and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity caused, demonstrating antioxidant benefits. In addition, a higher dose of ROP restored mitochondrial membrane potential in Aβ1–42 rats. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that ROP treatment reduced neuronal loss, especially in the hippocampus. We conclude that ROP's protective effects in reducing oxidative stress and modulating mitochondrial function might have a propensity in AD pathogenesis.
The persistence principle over weak interpretability logic
Authors: Iwata Sohei , Kurahashi Taishi , Okawa Yuya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe focus on the persistence principle over weak interpretability logic. Our object of study is the logic obtained by adding the persistence principle to weak interpretability logic from several perspectives. Firstly, we prove that this logic enjoys a weak version of the fixed point property. Secondly, we introduce a system of sequent calculus and prove the cut‐elimination theorem for it. As a consequence, we prove that the logic enjoys the Craig interpolation property. Thirdly, we show that the logic is the natural basis of a generalization of simplified Veltman semantics, and prove that it has the finite frame property with respect to that semantics. Finally, we prove that it is sound and complete with respect to some appropriate arithmetical semantics.
Optical genome mapping reveals balanced and unbalanced genetic changes associated with tumor‐forming potential in an early‐stage prostate cancer epithelial subline (M2205)
Authors: Paulraj Prabakaran , Barrie Elizabeth , Jackson‐Cook Colleen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying cytogenetic changes in tumors can aid in diagnosis/prognosis and disease management. Complete cytogenetic characterization has historically required a multimethod/time‐consuming approach. Optical genome mapping (OGM) offers a potential solution to this challenge by detecting both balanced and unbalanced abnormalities in a single assay.MethodsGenetic changes acquired with tumor‐forming potential in a prostate xenograft subline [M2205] (derived from a Black male) that were detected using cytogenetic versus OGM analyses were compared to assess the utility of OGM for analyzing solid tumors.ResultsCytogenetic/OGM concordance was noted for (a) copy number gains (16, 1p, 3q, 5q, 7p, 8q, 9q, 11p, 11q, 15q, 20q), (b) copy number losses (Y, 3p, 4p, 6p, 7p, 9p, 11q), and (c) structural changes, including multibreak rearrangements. Discordance was noted for two structural findings, both of which had breakpoints localized to repetitive sequences. The OGM studies identified new findings and confirmed/further characterized 8q24 structural abnormalities. It also detected genes gained/disrupted in the 8q24 region (e.g., MYC, DEPTOR, and EXT1); but recognizing a jumping translocation required cytogenetic analyses.ConclusionThese results support using OGM as a tool to analyze solid tumors in clinical/research settings. Moreover, this OGM analysis expanded the characterization of cytogenetic changes present in the M2205 subline, including alterations associated with tumors from Black males diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Comparative Study on the Absorption and Metabolism of Pinoresinol and Pinoresinol‐4‐O‐β‐D‐Glucopyranoside in Mice
Authors: Ma Xiaoyang , Luo Lianzhong , Karrar Emad , Zhang Lingyu , Li Jian 
Published: October 2023

ScopeLignans are a group of phenolic compounds commonly found in plants, often in the form of glycosides. This study investigates the differences in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of lignans and their glucosides using pinoresinol (PIN) and pinoresinol‐4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (PMG).Methods and resultsAfter oral administration mice PIN and PMG with a dose of 0.1 µmol kg−1. The results showed that the stomach and small intestine rapidly absorbe PIN and PMG in their prototype form. After oral administration of 0.25 h, serum levels of PIN and PMG reach peak values of 61.14 and 52.97 ng mL−1, respectively. This indicates a faster PIN absorption rate than PMG, likely due to the glycosides attach to the parent compound, with concentrations of 1574.14 and 876.75 ng g−1, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals that PIN has a greater area under the curve and a longer half‐life than PMG in serum and liver. Moreover, mice in the PIN group exhibit higher metabolite levels in the serum and liver compared to those in the PMG group.ConclusionThe deglycosylation process that occurs during the pickling of white radish facilitates the absorption and metabolism of the lignans fraction in the body.
Intrathecal hydrocortisone for treatment of children and young adults with CAR T‐cell immune‐effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome
Authors: Shalabi Haneen , Harrison Cynthia , Yates Bonnie , Calvo Katherine R. , Lee Daniel W. , Shah Nirali N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImmune‐effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a significant toxicity occurring with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, with first‐line treatment options including supportive care and systemic corticosteroids. Sparse data exist on how to approach progressive/refractory cases of ICANS. We present five pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had progressively worsening ICANS despite systemic steroids, and received intrathecal hydrocortisone with rapid reversal of ICANS. Therapeutic lumbar punctures are routinely used in upfront ALL therapy in pediatrics, with a demonstrable safety profile, thus use of intrathecal hydrocortisone merits further prospective studies in patients with severe ICANS.
Differential effects of disulfide bond formation in TEM‐1 versus CTX‐M‐9 β‐lactamase
Authors: Villanueva Miranda , Vostal Lauren E. , Cohen Drew N. , Biesbrock Devin , Kuwaye Elise P. , Driver Sasha G. , Hart Kathryn M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo investigate how disulfide bonds can impact protein energy landscapes, we surveyed the effects of adding or removing a disulfide in two β‐lactamase enzymes, TEM‐1 and CTX‐M‐9. The homologs share a structure and 38% sequence identity, but only TEM‐1 contains a native disulfide bond. They also differ in thermodynamic stability and in the number of states populated at equilibrium: CTX‐M‐9 is two‐state whereas TEM‐1 has an additional intermediate state. We hypothesized that the disulfide bond is the major underlying determinant for these observed differences in their energy landscapes. To test this, we removed the disulfide bridge from TEM‐1 and introduced a disulfide bridge at the same location in CTX‐M‐9. This modest change to sequence modulates the stabilities—and therefore populations—of TEM‐1's equilibrium states and, more surprisingly, creates a novel third state in CTX‐M‐9. Unlike TEM‐1's partially folded intermediate, this third state is a higher‐order oligomer with reduced cysteines that retains the native fold and is fully active. Sub‐denaturing concentrations of urea shifts the equilibrium to the monomeric form, allowing the disulfide bond to form. Interestingly, comparing the stability of the oxidized monomer with a variant lacking cysteines reveals the disulfide is neither stabilizing nor destabilizing in CTX‐M‐9, in contrast with the observed stabilization in TEM‐1. Thus, we can conclude that engineering disulfide bonds is not always an effective stabilization strategy even when analogous disulfides exist in more stable structural homologs. This study also illustrates how homo‐oligomerization can result from a small number of mutations, suggesting complex formation might be easily accessed during a protein family's evolution.
Copper oxide nanoparticles: an effective suppression tool against bacterial leaf blight of rice and its impacts on plants
Authors: Ogunyemi Solabomi Olaitan , Luo Jinyan , Abdallah Yasmine , Yu Shanhong , Wang Xiao , Alkhalifah Dalal Hussien M , Hozzein Wael N , Wang Fang , Bi Ji'an , Yan Chengqi , Li Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo address the challenges of food security for the ever‐increasing population, the emergence of nanotechnology provides an alternate technology of choice for the production of safer pesticides which serves as a substitute for conventional fertilizer. The antidrug resistance of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and build‐up of chemicals in the environment has made it necessary to find alternative safe techniques for effective disease management. Hence, in this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were produced by green synthesis using a Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis L. flower extract.RESULTSThe characterization of CuONPs using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy with an energy‐dispersive spectrum profile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction ascertained the presence of CuONPs, which were nanorods of 28.1 nm. CuONPs significantly obstructed the growth and biofilm development of Xoo by 79.65% and 79.17% respectively. The antibacterial mechanism of CuONPs was found to result from wounding the cell membrane, giving rise to an exodus of intracellular content and generation of oxidative reactive oxygen species that invariably inhibited Xoo respiration and growth. A toxicity study under greenhouse conditions revealed that CuONPs significantly increased growth variables and the biomass of rice, and reduced bacterial leaf blight. Application of CuONPs on Arabidopsis improved the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; the ΦPSII was significantly increased by 152.05% in comparison to the control.CONCLUSIONAltogether, these results suggest that CuONPs in low concentration (200.0 μg mL−1) are not toxic to plants and can serve as nano‐fertilizers and nano‐pesticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topological defects on the energy spectra of diatomic molecules embedded with shifted Deng–Fan oscillator potential under AB flux field
Authors: Dutta Barnali , Nayek Sujay Kr. , Ahmed Faizuddin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA study on the effect of point like global monopole topological defects on the energy eigenvalues of the diatomic molecules , , , embedded with Shifted Deng–Fan Oscillator Potential under the influence of Aharonov–Bohm flux field has been made here. Asymptotic Iteration Method (AIM) is used to find out the bound state solutions for arbitrary states by solving the non‐relativistic Schrödinger equation. A Pekeris‐type approximation has been used to approximate the centrifugal barrier term. It is observed that, energy levels of the diatomic molecules is significantly affected by the global effects of the point like global monopole, flux field and effective potential field.
Alkali Etching of Porous PdCoZn Nanosheets for Boosting C−C Bond Cleavage of Ethylene Glycol Oxidation
Authors: Xu Guang‐Rui , Dong Zemeng , Zhao Yingxiu , Zhang Wen , Sun Qiyan , Ju Dianxing , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPd‐based electrocatalysts are the most effective catalysts for ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR), while the disadvantages of poor stability, low resistance to neutrophilic, and low catalytic activity seriously hamper the development of direct ethylene glycol fuel cells (DEGFCs). In this work, defect‐riched PdCoZn nanosheets (D‐PdCoZn NSs) with ultrathin 2D NSs and porous structures are fabricated through the solvothermal and alkali etching processes. Benefiting from the presence of defects and ultrathin 2D structures, D‐PdCoZn NSs demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic activity and good durability against EGOR in alkaline media. The mass activity and specific activity of D‐PdCoZn NSs for EGOR are 9.5 A mg−1 and 15.7 mA cm−2, respectively, which are higher than that of PdCoZn NSs, PdCo NSs, and Pd black. The D‐PdCoZn NSs still maintain satisfactory mass activity after long‐term durability tests. Meanwhile, in situ IR spectroscopy demonstrates that the presence of defects attenuated the adsorption of intermediates, which improves the selectivity of the C1 pathway with excellent anti‐CO poisoning performance. This work not only provides an effective synthetic strategy for the preparation of Pd‐based nanomaterials with defective structures but also indicates significant guidance for optimum C1 pathway selectivity of ethylene glycol and other challenging chemical transformations.
Bidirectional Communication between Droplet Interface Bilayers Driven by Cell‐Free Quorum Sensing Gene Circuits
Authors: Gonzales David T. , Suraritdechachai Surased , Zechner Christoph , Tang T.‐Y. Dora 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by David T. Gonzales of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics. The image shows a collection of aqueous water‐in‐oil droplets with lipid bilayer interfaces. Inside each droplet is a cell‐free expression system that is capable of gene expression or intercellular communication. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/syst.202300029.
Ethical challenges experienced by veterinary practitioners in relation to adverse events: Insights from a qualitative study
Authors: Gibson Julie , Brennan Marnie L. , Oxtoby Catherine , Mossop Liz , White Kate 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding ethical challenges experienced in relation to adverse events is necessary to inform strategies that optimise patient safety and practitioner wellbeing.MethodsA qualitative exploration of UK veterinary practitioners’ experiences of adverse events was conducted. Data were collected via 12 focus groups and 20 interviews and analysed using an inductive coding technique.ResultsQuestions surrounding acceptable boundaries of care, decision‐making autonomy, personal scope of practice, use of evidence and speaking up about patient safety concerns were identified as ethically challenging to practitioners when endeavouring to prevent adverse events. Issues of appropriate accountability, interaction and communication with animal owners and the prioritisation of emotional and technical support for themselves and others were identified as ethically challenging in the aftermath of adverse events.LimitationsThe qualitative nature of this study limits the generalisability of the findings.ConclusionsEthical challenges are experienced by veterinary practitioners in relation to both preventing and responding in the aftermath of adverse events. Strategies that facilitate ethical decision making and reflection and encourage openness and learning from adverse events would likely improve patient safety and enhance practitioner wellbeing. Further research is needed to develop and implement support for practitioners who experience ethical challenges in relation to adverse events.
Nanoscale analysis of magnetic chains consisting of cobalt mesospheres by full‐field transmission x‐ray tomography
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhou Chenpeng , Huang Wanxia , Wang Shanfeng , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFull‐field transmission x‐ray tomography can obtain 3D morphology and configurations of nanoscale materials. In this study, we further demonstrate the feasibility of this technique using magnetic chains consisting of cobalt mesospheres. The preliminary images presented in this article clearly reveal that three types of cobalt nanoparticles, namely, hollow, core–shell, and solid were found for magnetic chain synthesis. Furthermore, the tomographic analyses revealed the growth mechanism of magnetic chains self‐assembled by cobalt nanoparticles. We may claim that the spatial resolution and contrast characteristics of the full‐field transmission x‐ray tomography can satisfy the research requirements of nanomaterial science. Hence, transmission x‐ray tomography could be a powerful complementary method for imaging and analysis of nanoscale materials.
Structures and luminescence properties of one co‐edge bi‐rhomboid [Zn6] based 1D stair‐stepping polymer and one quasi‐linear tetra‐nuclear [Cd4] cluster with orotic acid
Authors: Zhao Bing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith orotic acid (H3OA) as building ligand, one one‐dimensional (1D) Zn(II) coordination polymer, [Zn2(HOA)(μ2‐OH)(μ3‐OH)(H2O)]n (1), and one tetra‐nuclear Cd(II) cluster, [Cd4(HOA)4(μ2‐OH2)2(H2O)10] (2), have been synthesized at 90 °C and room temperature, respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that complex 1 has an 1D stair‐stepping structure consisting of co‐edge bi‐rhomboid [Zn6] structural motif and μ3‐HOA2− linker, and 2 owns a quasi‐linear tetra‐nuclear [Cd4] cluster structure fastened by μ2‐OH2 and HOA2− fixators. The solid‐state photophysical properties were investigated and 1 and 2 display a distinct emission centered at 374 and 393 nm, respectively.
Unstable Identities
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland , Visentin Martina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Southern Europe there’s a specific issue regarding young people – the focus of our overheated identities. Not only do youth unemployment rates in the Mediterranean remain among the highest in Europe, but these countries also perform poorly in at least two of the three dimensions of job quality, which are: the quality of earnings, or the extent to which workers’ earnings from their job contribute to their well-being; labor market security; and the quality of the working environment (OECD, Society at a glance 2019, 2019). Like Spain and Greece, Italy is always at the top of the Eurostat tables for important problems (see NEET rates: with the pandemic, the number of young people aged 15–29 who are not in education, employment or training in Italy increased from 22.1 percent in 2019 to 23.3 percent in 2020 and 24 percent in 2021 There are more than two million NEETs in Italy - boys and girls who are neither studying nor working and more than 97,000 young people have left their work or study paths in the last year. What we would like to reflect on is “unstable identities” (Eriksen, Overheating: An anthropology of accelerated change, 2016a; Eriksen, History and Anthropology, 27(5):469–487, 2016b, Eriksen, Culturologia: The Journal of Culture, 4(1):2–11, 2016c, Eriksen, Overheating: An anthropology of accelerated change, 2016d, Eriksen, History and Anthropology, 27(5):469–487, 2016e), and how “stable identities” can be constructed in overheating societies – starting from young people and the difficulty of becoming adults in southern Europe. But the conversation will go also beyond that.