bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic study of drug–drug interactions: influence of two over-the-counter drugs on the albumin binding affinities of carbamazepine and its major metabolite
Authors: Thomas Olusegun Emmanuel , Akin-Taylor Akintayo , Oyetunde Yinka Sunday , Gana Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Multidrug regimens can increase the risk of drug–drug interactions at the level of albumin binding especially for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows such as carbamazepine (CBZ). This risk is particularly heightened for CBZ which is mainly metabolized to the active carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) that has been identified as contributory to both the therapeutic efficacy and severity of toxicity in CBZ-treated individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate the binding affinities of albumin with CBZ and CBZE, and to explore the influence of two competing over-the-counter medicines on the binding characteristics. CBZE was synthesized by epoxidation of CBZ and characterized using IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. The influence of paracetamol and ascorbic acid on the albumin complexes of CBZ and CBZE was investigated using absorption and IR spectrophotometry.

Results
Protein–ligand complexation produced progressive hyperchromic changes in 278 nm band of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with formation constants of 10.28–10.44 and 12.66–13.02 M−1 for CBZ and CBZE, respectively. Thermodynamic considerations confirmed both binding processes as endothermic, spontaneous and driven by hydrophobic interactions. The presence of ascorbic acid increased the binding constants of both CBZ-BSA and CBZE-BSA complexes by non-competitive interference mechanism. Similarly, paracetamol increased the affinity of CBZ for albumin but then competitively interfered with the CBZE-BSA complex. The ratio of albumin binding affinities of CBZ–CBZE varied from 0.81 in the absence of competing drug to 1.29 and 1.0 with paracetamol and ascorbic acid, respectively. IR study confirmed that both CBZ and CBZE induced a reduction from the 67.34% α-helical content of free BSA to 42.56 and 56.43%, respectively. Competitive binding in the presence of either paracetamol or ascorbic acid induced further reduction in the α-helical content of BSA in the complexes. The most extensive perturbation in the secondary structure of BSA (22.78% α-helical content) which was observed with CBZE-BSA complex in the presence of paracetamol is probably due to the increased interaction of the protein for the analgesic.

Conclusion
The study has revealed potential interference of paracetamol or ascorbic acid with the albumin binding of carbamazepine and its major metabolite.
Allelic functional variation of FimH among Salmonella enterica subspecies
Authors: Kang Xiamei , Chen Jiaqi , Zhou Xiao , Ed-Dra Abdelaziz , Yue Min 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSalmonella enterica has a wide diversity, with numerous serovars belonging to six different subspecies with dynamic animal-host tropism. The FimH protein is the adhesin mediating binding to various cells, and slight amino acid discrepancy significantly affects the adherence capacities. To date, the general function of FimH variability across different subspecies of Salmonella enterica has not been addressed. To investigate the biological functions of FimH among the six Salmonella enterica subspecies, the present study performed several assays to determine biofilm formation, Caenorhabditis elegans killing, and intestinal porcine enterocyte cell IPEC-J2 adhesion by using various FimH allele mutants. In general, allelic mutations in both the lectin and pilin domains of FimH could cause changes in binding affinity, such as the N79S mutation. We also observed that the N79S variation in Salmonella Dublin increased the adhesive ability of IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, a new amino acid substitution, T260M, within the pilin domain in one subspecies IIIb strain beneficial to binding to cells was highlighted in this study, even though the biofilm-forming and Caenorhabditis elegans-killing abilities exhibited no significant differences in variants. Combined with point mutations being a natural tendency due to positive selection in harsh environments, we speculate that allelic variation T260M probably contributes to pathoadaptive evolution in Salmonella enterica subspecies IIIb.
Effects of wave propagation in canonical Poisson gauge theory under an external magnetic field
Authors: Abla O. , Neves M. J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The non-commutative electrodynamics based on the canonical Poisson gauge theory is studied in this paper. For a pure spatial non-commutativity, we investigate the plane wave solutions in the presence of a constant and uniform magnetic background field for the classical electrodynamics in canonical Poisson gauge theory. We obtain the properties of the medium ruled by the permittivity and the permeability tensors in terms of the non-commutative parameter, with the electrodynamics equations in the momentum space. Using the plane wave solutions mentioned, the dispersion relations are modified by the magnetic background, and the correspondent group velocity is affected by the spatial non-commutative parameter. We construct the energy-momentum tensor and discuss the conserved components of this tensor in the spatial non-commutative case. The birefringence phenomenon is showed through the modified dispersion relations, that depends directly on the non-commutative corrections and also on the magnetic background field. Using the bound of the polarized vacuum with laser (PVLAS) experiment for the vacuum magnetic birefringence, we estimate a theoretical value for the spatial non-commutative parameter.
Increased Prevalence of Accidents and Injuries in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Larsson Henrik , Nordenström Anna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
It has been suggested that injuries and accidents are increased in females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), but the prevalence is unclear.

Objective
To study the prevalence of injuries and accidents in females and males with CAH.

Design, Setting, and Participants
Patients with CAH (n = 714, all 21-hydroxylase deficiency) were compared with matched controls (n = 71 400). Data were derived by linking National Population-Based Registers.

Main Outcome Measures
Prevalence of injuries and accidents.

Results
Mean age was 29.8 ± 18.4 years. Injuries were more prevalent in patients with CAH than in controls (relative risk, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24-1.44), and this was found in both sexes (females: 1.43; 1.29-1.58; males: 1.25; 1.12-1.38). In the classical phenotype, the prevalence of injuries was higher, especially in females but not in the nonclassic phenotype. In the genotype groups, injuries were mainly increased in females. Head injuries were increased in all patients with CAH and in the different phenotypes and were mainly driven by females. More patients with CAH born before the introduction of neonatal screening had had an injury compared with controls (1.48; 1.35-1.62); this was seen in both sexes. In patients with CAH born after the introduction of screening, the prevalence of injuries was overall increased (1.20; 1.07-1.35), and in females with CAH but not in males. Accidents showed a similar pattern to injuries in all comparisons.

Conclusion
Patients with CAH had an increased prevalence of both injuries and accidents, especially in females and in those born before the neonatal screening program. Patients with nonclassic phenotype were hardly affected.
The Coming of Age of Resistance Exercise as a Primary Form of Exercise for Health
Authors: Phillips Stuart M. , Ma Jasmin K. , Rawson Eric S. 
Published: October 2023

Apply it!
By reading this article, the health and fitness professional will learn:
• Physical activity guidelines emphasize the performance of aerobic exercise for health and often indicate that resistance exercise can be beneficial; however, emerging evidence shows that resistance exercise is often as effective as aerobic for many aspects of health.
• Resistance exercise participation can benefit several health aspects: cardiorespiratory health, vascular health, muscle oxidative capacity, mental health, muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power.
• To support clients in sticking to their program, use strategies like monitoring (you and your client keeping track of how much resistance exercise they are doing), action planning (scheduling when, where, and how they will do their resistance exercise), and highlighting the health and emotional benefits of resistance exercise that are relevant to your client.
Accident severity prediction modeling for road safety using random forest algorithm: an analysis of Indian highways
Authors: Khanum Humera , Garg Anshul , Faheem Mir Iqbal 
Published: October 2023

Background: Road accidents claim around 1.35 million lives annually, with countries like India facing a significant impact. In 2019, India reported 449,002 road accidents, causing 151,113 deaths and 451,361 injuries. Accident severity modeling helps understand contributing factors and develop preventive strategies. AI models, such as random forest, offer adaptability and higher predictive accuracy compared to traditional statistical models. This study aims to develop a predictive model for traffic accident severity on Indian highways using the random forest algorithm. Methods: A multi-step methodology was employed, involving data collection and preparation, feature selection, training a random forest model, tuning parameters, and evaluating the model using accuracy and F1 score. Data sources included MoRTH and NHAI. Results: The classification model had hyperparameters ‘max depth’: 10, ‘max features’: ‘sqrt’, and ‘n estimators’: 100. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 67% and a weighted average F1-score of 0.64 on the training set, with a macro average F1-score of 0.53. Using grid search, a random forest Classifier was fitted with optimal parameters, resulting in 41.47% accuracy on test data. Conclusions: The random forest classifier model predicted traffic accident severity with 67% accuracy on the training set and 41.47% on the test set, suggesting possible bias or imbalance in the dataset. No clear patterns were found between the day of the week and accident occurrence or severity. Performance can be improved by addressing dataset imbalance and refining model hyperparameters. The model often underestimated accident severity, highlighting the influence of external factors. Adopting a sophisticated data recording system in line with MoRTH and IRC guidelines and integrating machine learning techniques can enhance road safety modeling, decision-making, and accident prevention efforts.
Supply Risk Mitigation in a Decentralized Supply Chain: Pricing Postponement or Payment Postponement?
Authors: Geng Xin , Guo Xiaomeng , Xiao Guang , Yang Nan 
Published: October 2023

Problem definition: In a multistage model of a bilateral supply chain, we study two postponement strategies that the downstream retailer may adopt to mitigate the supply yield risk originating from the upstream production process. The retailer could either postpone the procurement payment until after the yield is realized and pay only for the delivered amount; postpone the pricing decision to better utilize the available supply; or do both. Although both strategies have been separately studied in literature, there is little research on their combined effect and system-wide implications in a decentralized setting. Methodology/results: Taking a game-theoretic approach, we formulate a Stackelberg game and solve for the equilibrium in four scenarios, respectively, in which the retailer uses different combinations of the postponement strategies. There are three main findings. First, when the production cost is low and the yield loss is highly likely, the retailer never strictly benefits from either postponement strategy; with relatively high production cost, the retailer is more likely to adopt payment, rather than pricing, postponement. Second, we uncover a situation where postponing payment and postponing pricing are strategic complements for the retailer. That is, the use of one strategy may increase the benefit of using the other. Third, we identify conditions under which the postponement strategies can be Pareto optimal to the entire supply chain, making the firms’ profits and the consumer surplus simultaneously higher. Managerial implications: These results can be applied in many practical settings to provide guidance for firms to better design the procurement contract and properly use marketing instrument (pricing) to effectively mitigate supply risk and increase profit. Funding: G. Xiao acknowledges financial support from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [General Research Fund Grant PolyU 15503920]. X. Guo acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72293564/72293560]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0198 .
Screening of nutritional status and education on balanced nutrition for boarding school students
Authors: Fitriyanto Raden Edi , Rahmawaty Farida Juliantina , Occifa Gloscindy Arma 
Published: October 2023

Nutritional status is a condition that reflects the balance between nutrient intake and nutrient needs for body metabolism. Malnutrition is still a priority for national health development. Malnutrition in children causes growth and development problems and affects the quality of resources. The risk of malnutrition can occur to the students at the Islamic boarding school because they do not live and are cared for by their parents. Therefore, this community service focuses on screening and anticipating calorie deficiency in elementary school students.
Ash Sholihah Islamic Boarding School is a boarding school in Sleman Regency with simple facilities. The number of boarding school students is approximately 700 male and female students, consisting of elementary to high school students. Elementary school students need more attention because they cannot take care of themselves and maintain food intake properly. The results of the anthropometric examination of 198 children showed that 166 (83.6%) were underweight, 24 (12.1%) had ideal body weight, and 8 (4.04%) were overweight. The results of the anthropometric examination of 198 children showed that 166 (83.6%) were underweight, 24 (12.1%) had ideal body weight, and 8 (4.04%) were overweight. The results of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire screening showed 10 (5.1%) malnutrition, 165 (83.3%) risk of malnutrition, 8 (4%) good nutrition, and 15 (7.6%) unknown. The service activities were continued with medical examinations and administration of drugs if necessary.
Then carried out education and provision of additional calories to 166 children with underweight. Dormitory administrators are involved in supervising the implementation of additional nutrition. Additional intake given is a preparation equivalent to 100 kcal/day for each child as modified Formula 100.
Skills to Enhance Positivity in adolescents at risk for suicide: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yen Shirley , Suazo Nazaret , Doerr Jackson , Macrynikola Natalia , Villarreal Leanna S. , Sodano Sophia , O’Brien Kimberly H. M. , Wolff Jennifer C. , Breault Christopher , Gibb Brandon E. , Elwy Rani , Kahler Christopher W. , Ranney Megan , Jones Richard , Spirito Anthony 
Published: October 2023

Background
Suicide and suicidal behavior during adolescence have been steadily increasing over the past two decades. The preponderance of interventions focuses on crisis intervention, underlying psychiatric disorders, regulating negative affect, and reducing cognitive distortions. However, low positive affectivity may be a mechanism that contributes to adolescent suicidal ideation and behaviors independent of other risk factors. Skills to Enhance Positivity (STEP) is an acceptance-based intervention, designed to increase attention to, and awareness of, positive affect and positive experiences. Results from a pilot RCT demonstrated engagement of the target (positive affect) and a decrease in clinical outcomes (suicidal events; i.e., either a suicide attempt or an emergency intervention for an acute suicidal crisis), providing support to test the clinical effectiveness of STEP in a larger clinical trial with clinical staff implementing the intervention.

Objective
To test the effectiveness of STEP, compared to Enhanced Treatment as Usual (ETAU), in reducing suicidal events and ideation in adolescents admitted to inpatient psychiatric care due to suicide risk. We hypothesize that those randomized to STEP, compared to ETAU, will have lower rates of suicide events, active suicidal ideation (SI), and depressed mood over the 6-month follow-up period. We hypothesize that those randomized to STEP, compared to ETAU, will demonstrate greater improvement in the hypothesized mechanisms of attention to positive affect stimuli and gratitude and satisfaction with life.

Methods
Participants will be randomized to either STEP or ETAU. STEP consists of four in-person sessions focused on psychoeducation regarding positive and negative affect, mindfulness meditation, gratitude, and savoring. Mood monitoring prompts and skill reminders will be sent via text messaging daily for the first month post-discharge and every other day for the following two months. The ETAU condition will receive text-delivered reminders to use a safety plan provided at discharge from the hospital and healthy habits messages, matched in frequency to the STEP group. This trial was registered on 6 August 2021 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04994873).

Results
The STEP protocol was approved by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data and Safety Monitoring Board on March 4, 2022. The RCT is currently in progress.

Discussion
The STEP protocol is an innovative, adjunctive treatment that has the potential to have positive effects on adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts beyond that found for standard treatment alone.
ACE I/D genotype associates with strength in sarcopenic men but not with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in older adults with sarcopenia: Results from the LACE trial
Authors: Rossios Christos , Bashir Tufail , Achison Marcus , Adamson Simon , Akpan Asangaedem , Aspray Terry , Avenell Alison , Band Margaret M. , Burton Louise A. , Cvoro Vera , Donnan Peter T. , Duncan Gordon W. , George Jacob , Gordon Adam L. , Gregson Celia L. , Hapca Adrian , Hume Cheryl , Jackson Thomas A. , Kerr Simon , Kilgour Alixe , Masud Tahir , McKenzie Andrew , McKenzie Emma , Patel Harnish , Pilvinyte Kristina , Roberts Helen C. , Sayer Avan A. , Smith Karen T. , Soiza Roy L. , Steves Claire J. , Struthers Allan D. , Tiwari Divya , Whitney Julie , Witham Miles D. , Kemp Paul R. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Angiotensin II (AII), has been suggested to promote muscle loss. Reducing AII synthesis, by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been proposed as a method to inhibit muscle loss. The LACE clinical trial was designed to determine whether ACE inhibition would reduce further muscle loss in individuals with sarcopenia but suffered from low recruitment and returned a negative result. Polymorphic variation in the ACE promoter (I/D alleles) has been associated with differences in ACE activity and muscle physiology in a range of clinical conditions. This aim of this analysis was to determine whether I/D polymorphic variation is associated with muscle mass, strength, in sarcopenia or contributed to the lack of response to treatment in the LACE study.

Methods
Sarcopenic individuals were recruited into a 2x2 factorial multicentre double-blind study of the effects of perindopril and/or leucine versus placebo on physical performance and muscle mass. DNA extracted from blood samples (n = 130 72 women and 58 men) was genotyped by PCR for the ACE I/D polymorphism. Genotypes were then compared with body composition measured by DXA, hand grip and quadriceps strength before and after 12 months’ treatment with leucine and/or perindopril in a cross-sectional analysis of the influence of genotype on these variables.

Results
Allele frequencies for the normal UK population were extracted from 13 previous studies (I = 0.473, D = 0.527). In the LACE cohort the D allele was over-represented (I = 0.412, D = 0.588, p = 0.046). This over-representation was present in men (I = 0.353, D = 0.647, p = 0.010) but not women (I = 0.458, D = 0.532, p = 0.708). In men but not women, individuals with the I allele had greater leg strength (II/ID = 18.00 kg (14.50, 21.60) vs DD = 13.20 kg (10.50, 15.90), p = 0.028). Over the 12 months individuals with the DD genotype increased in quadriceps strength but those with the II or ID genotype did not. Perindopril did not increase muscle strength or mass in any polymorphism group relative to placebo.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that although ACE genotype was not associated with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in the LACE trial population, sarcopenic men with the ACE DD genotype may be weaker than those with the ACE I/D or II genotype.
Peer-led training improves lifejacket wear among occupational boaters: Evidence from a cluster randomized controlled trial on Lake Albert, Uganda
Authors: Oporia Frederick , Kibira Simon P. S. , Jagnoor Jagnoor , Kobusingye Olive , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Isunju John Bosco , Nuwaha Fred 
Published: October 2023

Background
The burden of drowning among occupational boaters in low and middle-income countries is highest globally. In Uganda, over 95% of people who drowned from boating-related activities were not wearing lifejackets at the time of the incident. We implemented and evaluated a peer-led training program to improve lifejacket wear among occupational boaters on Lake Albert, Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial in which fourteen landing sites were randomized to the intervention and non-intervention arm with a 1:1 allocation ratio. In the intervention arm, a six-month peer-to-peer training program on lifejacket wear was implemented while the non-intervention arm continued to receive the routine Marine Police sensitizations on drowning prevention through its community policing program. The effect of the intervention was assessed on self-reported and observed lifejacket wear using a test of differences in proportions of wear following the intention to treat principle. The effect of contamination was assessed using mixed effect modified Poisson regression following the As Treated analysis principle at 95% CI. Results are reported according to the CONSORT statement–extension for cluster randomized trials.

Results
Self-reported lifejacket wear increased markedly from 30.8% to 65.1% in the intervention arm compared to the non-intervention arm which rose from 29.9% to 43.2%. Observed wear increased from 1.0% to 26.8% in the intervention arm and from 0.6% to 8.8% in the non-intervention arm. The test of differences in proportions of self-reported lifejacket wear (65.1%– 43.2% = 21.9%, p-value <0.001) and observed wear (26.8%– 8.8% = 18%, p-value <0.001) showed statistically significant differences between the intervention and non-intervention arm. Self-reported lifejacket wear was higher among boaters who received peer training than those who did not (Adj. PR 1.78, 95% CI 1.38–2.30).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that peer-led training significantly improves lifejacket wear among occupational boaters. The government of Uganda through the relevant ministries, and the Landing Site Management Committees should embrace and scale up peer-led training programs on lifejacket wear to reduce drowning deaths.