bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formations of C6H from reactions C3 + C3H2 and C3H + C3H and of C8H from reactions C4 + C4H2 and C4H + C4H
Authors: Sun Yi-Lun , Huang Wen-Jian , Lee Shih-Huang 
Published: January 2024

We interrogated C6H and C8H produced separately from the reactions C3 + C3H2/C3H + C3H/C3H2 + C3 → C6H + H and C4 + C4H2/C4H + C4H/C4H2 + C4 → C8H + H using product translational and photoionization spectroscopy. Individual contributions of the three reactions to the product C6H or C8H were evaluated with reactant concentrations. Translational-energy distributions, angular distributions, and photoionization efficiency curves of products C6H and C8H were unraveled. The product C6H (C8H) was recognized as the most stable linear isomer by comparing its photoionization efficiency curve with that of l-C6H (l-C8H), produced exclusively from the reaction C2 + C4H2 → l-C6H + H (C2 + C6H2 → l-C8H + H). The ionization threshold after deconvolution was determined to be 9.3 ± 0.1 eV for l-C6H and 8.9 ± 0.1 eV for l-C8H, which is in good agreement with theoretical values. Quantum-chemical calculations indicate that the reactions of C3 + C3H2 and C3H + C3H (C4 + C4H2 and C4H + C4H) incur no energy barriers that lie above the corresponding reactant and the most stable product l-C6H (l-C8H) with H on the lower-lying potential-energy surfaces. The theoretical calculation is in accord with the experimental observation. This work implies that the reactions of C3 + C3H2/C3H + C3H and C4 + C4H2/C4H + C4H need to be taken into account for the formation of interstellar C6H and C8H, respectively.
Complex magnetic ordering in EuAl4–A 151Eu Mössbauer study
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Kuthanazhi Brinda , Jo Na Hyan , Canfield Paul C. 
Published: January 2024

151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to investigate the behaviour of EuAl4 through the four magnetic transitions that occur below 16 K. We find clear evidence for the first transition (TN1, the onset of order) where an incommensurate modulated magnetic structure appears, and the third (TN3) where the modulation disappears at the tetragonal → orthorhombic structural transition. We see no changes at the lowest transition (TN4) but find that the modulation amplitude passes through a maximum at TN2. Data on the isostructural but magnetically simpler EuGa4 are also presented for comparison.
Effect of vacancies on the electronic and magnetic properties of Heusler compound Mn2CoAl
Authors: Muthui Zipporah Wanjiku 
Published: January 2024

Investigation of the effect of vacancies occurring within the crystal structure of Heusler compound Mn2CoAl, reveal the emergence of half-metallicity or a metallic electronic structure, depending on the site where the vacancy occurs. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, as implemented in the Vienna Ab Initio Simulation package (VASP) has been used. The site specific vacancies reveal that for a Mn vacancy occurring at the tetrahedral site and for a Co vacancy, an increased intersection of states with the Fermi level occurs, with the emergence of half-metallicity and vacancy-induced states in the minority spin channel gap respectively. The resultant spin polarizations are 68% and 37% for the systems with lowest Mn and Co vacancy densities considered in this study and the magnetic moments are 2.00 and 2.03 μB/formula unit respectively. These values are close to the 2 μB/formula unit predicted for Mn2CoAl by the Slater-Pauling rule for half-metallic systems. Simultaneous tetrahedral Mn and Co vacancies induce similar changes in the magnetic moments and density of states but exhibit lower spin polarizations. An octahedral Mn void as well as simultaneous octahedral Mn and Co vacancies result in a metallic electronic structure. In both of these cases, there is a marked deviation from the Slater-Pauling rule for half metals, with magnetic moments of 1.35 and 1.17 μB/formula unit respectively, for the lowest vacancy densities considered in this study. The Mn magnetic moments couple ferrimagnetically and the magnetic order is preserved in all cases, except in the case of the simultaneous Co and Mn vacancies at the octahedral site.
Theoretical study of thermal stability of α″–Fe16N2 against other iron nitrides
Authors: Stoeckl Peter , Swatek Przemyslaw Wojciech , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: January 2024

α″–Fe16N2 has been investigated as one of promising candidates for environment-friendly magnets. While giant saturation magnetization has previously been experimentally observed in α″–Fe16N2, its magnetic anisotropy and structural stability leave room for improvement. Recent theoretical studies have considered alloying Fe16N2 with various elements to improve the magnetic properties and/or stability against decomposition. However, estimates of stability in particular are typically restricted to simple ground-state-energy comparisons, i.e. effectively taken at 0 K. For a more practical measure of stability, we therefore extend ground-state energies, obtained with the plane-wave density-functional theory code Quantum ESPRESSO, with appropriate empirical and/or statistical corrections to obtain free energies at arbitrary temperature. We then compare the stability of Fe16N2 against the neighboring phases in the Fe-N binary system, to estimate the range of temperatures at which it is stable. We compare against experimental observations of the Fe-N phase diagram.
The pedagogy of training Chinese students’ intonation online
Authors: Jiang Yan , Chun Dorothy M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on how the web-based intonation training occurred in the research project by Jiang and Chun (2023). It describes the pedagogical design, materials and activities, as
well as the overall training plan. It also evaluates the effectiveness of this pedagogy. The findings have implications for
applying the materials and activities in future research and teaching of L2 students’ intonation.
Voices of SHL educators
Authors: Padial Ana , Mikulski Ariana M. , Elola Idoia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Even though the field of heritage language education has flourished in recent years and has placed emphasis on the
development of biliteracies in Spanish heritage language (SHL) learners (e.g., Belpoliti &
Bermejo, 2020; Samaniego & Warner, 2016), little is known about how SHL
writing instruction is conducted in terms of educators’ practices and perceptions. Through an online survey distributed across the
United States, SHL educators reported the main challenges they face (e.g., working with accuracy, writing conventions), strategies
they use (e.g., modelling), and the technology they use to teach writing. The survey also provides an overview of the importance
given to various elements of a composition (e.g., task type, range of vocabulary) when teaching SHL courses. Overall, SHL
educators’ perceptions provide a knowledge base of instructor experiences and practices that can assist in teacher training and
inform curricular models.
Heteronuclear Magnetisms with Ultracold Spinor Bosonic Gases in Optical Lattices
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Xing Chengkun , Gong Ming , Guo Guangcan , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: January 2024

Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255301 (2015); Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 223201 (2022)], we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating regime. Different from the identical mixtures where the boson statistics only admits even parity states from angular momentum composition, for heteronuclear atoms in principle all angular momentum states are allowed, which can give rise to new magnetic phases. While various magnetic phases can be developed over these degenerate spaces, the concrete symmetry breaking phases depend on not only the degree of degeneracy but also the competitions from many-body interactions. We unveil these rich phases using the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory approach. These phases are characterized by various orders, including spontaneous magnetization order, spin magnitude order, singlet pairing order, and nematic order, which may coexist specially in the regime with odd parity. Finally we address the possible parameter regimes for observing these spin-ordered Mott phases.
GSpyNetTree: a signal-vs-glitch classifier for gravitational-wave event candidates
Authors: Álvarez-López Sofía , Liyanage Annudesh , Ding Julian , Ng Raymond , McIver Jess 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite achieving sensitivities capable of detecting the extremely small amplitude of gravitational waves (GWs), LIGO and Virgo detector data contain frequent bursts of non-Gaussian transient noise, commonly known as ‘glitches’. Glitches come in various time-frequency morphologies, and they are particularly challenging when they mimic the form of real GWs. Given the higher expected event rate in the next observing run (O4), LIGO-Virgo GW event candidate validation will require increased levels of automation. Gravity Spy, a machine learning tool that successfully classified common types of LIGO and Virgo glitches in previous observing runs, has the potential to be restructured as a compact binary coalescence (CBC) signal-vs-glitch classifier to accurately distinguish between glitches and GW signals. A CBC signal-vs-glitch classifier used for automation must be robust and compatible with a broad array of background noise, new sources of glitches, and the likely occurrence of overlapping glitches and GWs. We present GSpyNetTree, the Gravity Spy Convolutional Neural Network Decision Tree: a multi-CNN classifier using CNNs in a decision tree sorted via total GW candidate mass tested under these realistic O4-era scenarios.
Thermoelectric properties of Marcus molecular junctions
Authors: Zimbovskaya Natalya A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the present work we theoretically analyze thermoelectric transport in single-molecule junctions (SMJ) characterized by strong interactions between electrons on the molecular linkers and phonons in their nuclear environments where electron hopping between the electrodes and the molecular bridge states predominates in the steady state electron transport. The analysis is based on the modified Marcus theory accounting for the lifetime broadening of the bridge’s energy levels. We show that the reorganization processes in the environment accompanying electron transport may significantly affect SMJ thermoelectric properties both within and beyond linear transport regime. Specifically, we study the effect of environmental phonons on the electron conductance, the thermopower and charge current induced by the temperature gradient applied across the system.
Is water a lubricant?: Inquiring about a dilemmatic statement in physics education
Authors: Ong Joel , Park Joonhyeong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We designed an inquiry activity to investigate the question, ‘Is water a lubricant?’ Placing the same object on surfaces of three different materials, we observed the effect of adding a small amount of water on the coefficient of static friction,

μ
s

. Up to 1 ml of water was added. The results of each surface were graphed and compared with one another. In general, our findings show that the addition of water serves to increase

μ
s

up to a certain point, before decreasing it. The experiment can be easily replicated in a secondary school science lab. It presents two seemingly opposing phenomena, but they both hold because they occur within their respective boundary conditions.
An Arduino-based magnetic polarity detector and field intensity display
Authors: Moya Antonio Ángel , Macias Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We have designed a simple Arduino-based device, which runs as magnetic polarity detector and field intensity display. It uses an analog Hall sensor together with the Arduino electronic board. The sign of the magnetic flux density allows us to identify the pole of a magnet or electromagnet, while the absolute value allows us to build an intensity display. This device allows us to visualize, among other topics, the basic functional dependences included into the Biot–Savart law, and particularly the changes in magnetic flux density with distance and current for a current-carrying coil or electromagnet.
Multi-material 4D printing to realize two-phase morphing in self-actuating structures
Authors: Lee Hoo Min , Han Sol Ji , Kim Min-Je , Yoon Gil Ho 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
4D printing has garnered significant attention within the field of engineering due to its capacity to introduce novel functionalities in printed structures through shape-morphing. Nevertheless, there persist challenges in the design and fabrication of intricate structures, primarily stemming from the intricate task of controlling variables that impact morphing characteristics. In order to surmount these hurdles, the approach of multi-material 4D printing is employed, underpinned by parametric studies, to actualize complex structures through a two-phase morphing process. This study specifically investigates the utilization of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate/ABS. The distinction in glass transition temperatures within these materials enables the realization of two distinct morphing phases. The research delves into the impact of structural parameters on morphing properties. Finite element analyses are subsequently conducted, leveraging the insights gained from parametric studies, to facilitate the accurate prediction of a diverse array of shape alterations in response to temperature fluctuations. Several structural models are both simulated and fabricated to experimentally validate the precise forecasting of desired morphing phases. The culmination of this study manifests in the design and fabrication of multiple multi-material structures, exemplifying both their functionality and intricate geometric complexity.
A novel sampling method for time domain acoustic inverse source problems
Authors: Wang Jiaru , Chen Bo , Yu Qingqing , Sun Yao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The time domain acoustic inverse source problems of the wave equation have been widely used in many fields, such as radar detection and underwater sonar. This paper is concerned with the inverse acoustic scattering problems of reconstructing time-dependent multiple point sources and sources on a curve L of the form λ(t)τ(x)δ

L
(x). A direct sampling method with a novel indicator function is proposed to reconstruct the sources. The sampling method is easy to implement and low in calculation cost. Based on the sampling method, numerical algorithms are provided to get the positions and intensities of the sources. Through theoretical analysis of the indicator function and numerical experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Testing the assumptions of the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure
Authors: Karandikar Mandar , Porciani Cristiano , Hahn Oliver 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure (EFTofLSS) attempts to amend some of the shortcomings of the traditional perturbative methods used in cosmology. It models the evolution of long-wavelength perturbations above a cutoff scale without the need for a detailed description of the short-wavelength ones. Short-scale physics is encoded in the coefficients of a series of operators composed of the long-wavelength fields, and ordered in a systematic expansion. As applied in the literature, the EFTofLSS corrects a summary statistic (such as the power spectrum) calculated from standard perturbation theory by matching it to N-body simulations or observations. This `bottom-up' construction is remarkably successful in extending the range of validity of perturbation theory. In this work, we compare this framework to a `top-down' approach, which estimates the EFT coefficients from the stress tensor of an N-body simulation, and propagates the corrections to the summary statistic. We consider simple initial conditions, viz. two sinusoidal, plane-parallel density perturbations with substantially different frequencies and amplitudes. We find that the leading EFT correction to the power spectrum in the top-down model is in excellent agreement with that inferred from the bottom-up approach which, by construction, provides an exact match to the numerical data. This result is robust to changes in the wavelength separation between the two linear perturbations. However, in our setup, the leading EFT coefficient does not always grow linearly with the cosmic expansion factor as assumed in the literature based on perturbative considerations. Instead, it decreases after orbit crossing takes place.
The Influence of Velocity-dependent Correction Factor on Proton Decay Reactions in Massive White Dwarfs
Authors: Liu Jing-Jing , Liu Dong-Mei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Twenty-five typical massive white dwarfs (WDs) are selected and the proton decay reaction catalyzed by magnetic monopoles (MMs) for these WDs is discussed. A velocity-dependent correction factor strongly affects the cross-section. We find that a strong suppression controls the monopole catalysis of nucleon decay by the correction factor. The maximum number of MMs is captured and the luminosity can be 2.235 × 1021 and 1.7859 × 1032erg s−1 (e.g., for the O+Ne core mass WD J055631.17+130639.78). The luminosities of most massive WDs agree well with the observations at relatively low temperatures (e.g., T
6 = 0.1), but can be three and two orders of magnitude higher than those of the observations for model (I) and (II) at relatively high temperatures (e.g., T
6 = 10), respectively. The luminosities of model (I) are about one order of magnitude higher than those of model (II). Since we consider the effect of the number of MMs captured on the mass–radius relation and the suppression of the proton decay by the correction factor, the study by model (II) may be an improved estimation.
Demonstration of a manufacturable SOT-MRAM multiplexer array towards industrial applications
Authors: Jiang Chuanpeng , Li Jinhao , Zhang Hongchao , Lu Shiyang , Li Pengbin , Wang Chao , Zhang Zhongkui , Hou Zhengyi , Liu Xu , Feng Jiagao , Zhang He , Jin Hui , Wang Gefei , Liu Hongxi , Cao Kaihua , Wang Zhaohao , Zhao Weisheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We have successfully demonstrated a 1 Kb spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) multiplexer (MUX) array with remarkable performance. The 1 Kb MUX array exhibits an in-die function yield of over 99.6%. Additionally, it provides a sufficient readout window, with a TMR/R
P_sigma% value of 21.4. Moreover, the SOT magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in the array show write error rates as low as 10−6 without any ballooning effects or back-hopping behaviors, ensuring the write stability and reliability. This array achieves write operations in 20 ns and 1.2 V for an industrial-level temperature range from −40 to 125 °C. Overall, the demonstrated array shows competitive specifications compared to the state-of-the-art works. Our work paves the way for the industrial-scale production of SOT-MRAM, moving this technology beyond R&D and towards widespread adoption.
Large and active circular dichroism in a photosensitive silicon based metasurface
Authors: Zhu Wenchang , Jiang Huan , Zhao Songliang , Zhang Hui , Zhao Weiren 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Active circular dichroism (CD) is highly required for flexible polarization control in modern terahertz (THz) systems. In this work, we numerically achieve large and active CD in THz region by optically controlling photosensitive silicon in a gold/silicon hybrid cross-shape metasurface. At the incident angle of 75°, the proposed metasurface exhibits large CD. By tuning the conductivity of photosensitive silicon with an optical pump, the large CD (0.89) can be dynamically switched to 0.06 and the peak frequency is blue shifted around 0.09 THz. The simultaneous switching of CD strength and peak frequency is attributed to the variation of resonance modes between electric and magnetic dipole resonances. Our proposed active metasurface with dynamic CD has profound potential in the fields of reconfigurable THz devices.
A review on additive manufacturing for aerospace application
Authors: C Radhika , Shanmugam Ragavanantham , Ramoni Monsuru , BK Gnanavel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing, a cutting-edge technology often colloquially known as 3D printing, is a transformative process used to meticulously fabricate complex components by adding material layer upon layer. This revolutionary manufacturing method allows for precise control and customization, making it a go-to choice in various industries, from aerospace to healthcare. The adroitness of additive manufacturing in creating a complex geometry as a whole is very much harnessed by the aerospace Industry. Generating a component using additive manufacturing involves optimal design, methods, and processes. This review gives a broad knowledge in developing a part or product by choosing the appropriate design, method, and processes. The end-to-end flow process (from scratch to finished model) for developing a component by additive manufacturing is described with a detailed flow diagram. The flow process proposed in this review will act as a primary source for manufacturing any component as per the industry standards. Also, the role of additive manufacturing in the aerospace industry is the need of the hour and greatly in demand of innovative ideas. But as an infant technology, AM for aerospace has its fair share of issues The paper discusses issues and challenges of AM for aerospace applications to enable the widespread adoption of additively manufactured components in the aerospace industry.
Plan quality assessment of modern radiosurgery technologies in the treatment of multiple brain metastases
Authors: Hiscoke K , Leong A , Hogan AM , Cowley I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of multiple brain metastases has evolved over the last 40 years allowing centres to treat an increasing number of brain metastases in a single treatment fraction. HyperArcTM planning optimisation technique is one such development that streamlines the treatment of multiple metastases with a single isocentre. Several studies have investigated the plan quality of HyperArc compared to CyberKnife or Gamma Knife, however there are limited number of studies that include all three modalities. It is the aim of this study to provide an assessment of plan quality between the three SRS platforms across ten patients with multiple brain metastases ranging from three to eight metastases per patient. Strict planning workflows were established to avoid bias towards any particular treatment platform. Plan quality was assessed through dose to organs at risk, Paddick conformity index (PCI), gradient index (GI), global efficiency index (Gη) and dose to normal brain tissue. Results from this study found mean PCI observed across Gamma Knife plans was significantly lower than HyperArc and CyberKnife. HyperArc plans observed significantly shorter beam-on times which were 10 to 20 times faster than CyberKnife and Gamma Knife plans. Gamma Knife and CyberKnife were found to produce plans with significantly superior GI, global efficiency index and the volume of healthy brain receiving greater than 12 Gy (V12Gy) when compared to HyperArc plans. Lesion volume was seen to influence the relative difference in dose metrics between systems. The study revealed that all three treatment modalities produced high quality plans for the SRS treatment of multiple brain metastases, each with respective benefits and limitations.