bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landslide susceptibility analysis using GIS and artificial neural network
Authors: Lee Saro , Ryu Joo‐Hyung , Min Kyungduck , Won Joong‐Sun 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop landslide susceptibility analysis techniques using an artiﬁcial neural network and to apply the newly developed techniques to the study area of Yongin in Korea. Landslide locations were identiﬁed in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs, ﬁeld survey data, and a spatial database of the topography, soil type and timber cover. The landslide‐related factors (slope, curvature, soil texture, soil drainage, soil effective thickness, timber age, and timber diameter) were extracted from the spatial database. Using those factors, landslide susceptibility was analysed by artiﬁcial neural network methods. The landslide susceptibility index was calculated by the back‐propagation method, which is a type of artiﬁcial neural network method, and the susceptibility map was made with a geographic information system (GIS) program. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis were veriﬁed using landslide location data. The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on landslide location. A GIS was used to efﬁciently analyse the vast amount of data, and an artiﬁcial neural network to be an effective tool to maintain precision and accuracy. The results can be used to reduce hazards associated with landslides and to plan land use and construction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copula sensitivity in collateralized debt obligations and basket default swaps
Authors: Meneguzzo Davide , Vecchiato Walter 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article empirically faces the lively debate over the choice of an appropriate copula function to be used to price and risk monitor some credit derivatives products. We consider the explicit pricing of collateralized debt obligations and basket default swaps, and empirically examine these credit derivatives within the copula framework. The results support in particular the choice of the T‐copula because of its greater flexibility in capturing the tail dependence. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:37–70, 2004
Valuing credit derivatives using Gaussian quadrature: A stochastic volatility framework
Authors: Tahani Nabil 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis article proposes semi‐closed‐form solutions to value derivatives on mean reverting assets.
A very general mean reverting process for the state variable and two stochastic volatility processes, the
square‐root process and the Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process, are considered. For both models,
semi‐closed‐form solutions for characteristic functions are derived and then inverted using the
Gauss‐Laguerre quadrature rule to recover the cumulative probabilities. As benchmarks, European call
options are valued within the following frameworks: Black and Scholes (1973)
(represents constant volatility and no mean reversion), Longstaff and Schwartz (1995) (represents constant volatility and mean reversion), and Heston
(1993) and Zhu (2000) (represent
stochastic volatility and no mean reversion). These comparisons show that numerical prices converge rapidly
to the exact price. When applied to the general models proposed (represent stochastic volatility and mean
reversion), the Gauss‐Laguerre rule proves very efficient and very accurate. As applications, pricing
formulas for credit spread options, caps, floors, and swaps are derived. It also is shown that even weak mean
reversion can have a major impact on option prices. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
24:3–35, 2004
The credit risk components of a swap portfolio
Authors: Hübner Georges 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThanks to the recent development of analytical pricing models for swaps with bilateral credit risk, a
comprehensive analysis of the dimensions of default risk has become possible. Using the model developed by
Hübner (2001) for IRS and CS, this article investigates the impact of
structural and temporary credit risk changes on swap prices. It emphasizes that large variations in swap values
and sensitivities may exist depending on the sources of credit risk differences between the counterparties. This
phenomenon is stronger for CS because of the exchange of principal and an additional correlation risk that
exhibits a nonnegligible impact on the contract value. The influence of a netting master agreement also can be
analyzed for a wide range of initial contract values and netted notionals. The results confirm the hedging
properties put forward by Duffie and Huang (1996) as a special case, but
clearly show that they cannot be generalized to any netting pattern. Prevailing market conditions are shown to
play a central role in the effectiveness of netting as a hedging device. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl
Fut Mark 24:93–115, 2004
Comorbidity and risk‐patterns of depression, generalised anxiety disorder and mixed anxiety‐depression in later life: results from the AMSTEL study
Authors: Schoevers R. A. , Beekman A. T. F. , Deeg D. J. H. , Jonker C. , Tilburg W. van 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundDepression and generalised anxiety disorder frequently overlap. The question remains unresolved whether these are specific disorders, or that they represent different dimensions of a single disorder. Although both are highly prevalent disorders in this age group, studies on this issue in the elderly are scarce. Research is needed that investigates patterns of comorbidity and possibly different risk profiles for pure depression, pure generalised anxiety and mixed anxiety‐depression in older people.MethodsGMS‐AGECAT diagnoses were obtained from 4051 community living older persons. Comorbidity was studied along a severity gradient for men and women separately. Multivariate analysis of risk factors included demographic variables, environmental vulnerability, longstanding vulnerability, physical/functional stresses and gender.ResultsThe prevalence of pure depression was 12.2%, pure generalised anxiety 2.9%, mixed anxiety‐depression 1.8%. Comorbidity increased with higher severity levels of both depression and generalised anxiety. Comorbidity was twice as likely in women than in men. Different risk profiles for diagnostic categories were not demonstrated for concurrent risk factors. Longstanding vulnerability was associated significantly stronger with mixed anxiety‐depression than with pure anxiety and pure depression. Mixed anxiety‐depression was overrepresented in women.ConclusionsBoth lines of investigation suggest that, in the elderly, a dimensional classification is more appropriate than a categorical classification of depression and generalised anxiety. Mixed anxiety‐depression is a more severe form of psychopathology that is almost specific to women in this age group. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olanzapine vs haloperidol in geriatric schizophrenia: analysis of data from a double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Kennedy J. S. , Jeste D. , Kaiser C. J. , Golshan S. , Maguire G. A. , Tollefson G. , Sanger T. , Bymaster F. P. , Kinon B. J. , Dossenbach M. , Gilmore J. A. , Breier A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the six‐week clinical response and safety profile of schizophrenia patients, age ≥60 years, receiving olanzapine (OLZ) vs haloperidol (HAL) in a double blind, randomized trial.MethodsDouble‐blind data on patients age ≥60 randomized to 5 mg/d OLZ (n=83) or 5 mg/d HAL (n=34) (Week 1) then flexibly dosed to 5–20 mg/d over six weeks, with a 48‐week extension for responders, were analyzed post‐hoc. Efficacy indices included the PANSS Total and PANSS Psychosis Core Total (PPCT). Safety measures included the Simpson‐Angus Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), treatment‐emergent adverse events, and laboratory values. Mixed model, repeated measures (MMRM) analyses were applied to all continuous data measured at each visit. Continuous data recorded only at phase completion or termination were analyzed with a fixed effect last observation carried forward (LOCF) model. Frequencies of categorical response data were analyzed using Fisher's exact methods. Differences were tested for significance at Week 6 using a two‐sided alpha value of 0.05.ResultsHAL group (n=34; age range 60–80) received a mean modal dose 9.4 mg/d while OLZ group (n=83; age range 60–86) received a mean modal dose 11.9 mg/d. At Week 6, OLZ was superior to HAL on both the PANSS Total (p=0.015) and PPCT (p=0.043). Considering safety, OLZ was superior to HAL for the SAS and BAS (p<0.001; p<0.001). No spontaneous adverse event occurred more frequently with OLZ than with HAL. In patients never receiving adjunct anticholinergic therapy, no significant differences were present for anticholinergic‐like side effects including blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, or urinary difficulties.ConclusionsIn elderly schizophrenia patients, olanzapine was more efficacious and better tolerated for extrapyramidal signs than was haloperidol. Olanzapine was equivalent to haloperidol for anticholinergic‐like side effects when corrected for anticholingergic agents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach to the qualitative evaluation of functional disability in dementia
Authors: Kurz X. , Scuvee‐Moreau J. , Rive B. , Dresse A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundDementia patients suffer from the progressive deterioration of cognitive and functional abilities. Instrumental disabilities usually appear in the earlier stages of the disease while basic disabilities appear in the more advanced stages. In order to differentiate between mild, moderate and severe patients both instrumental and basic functional disabilities should be taken into account simultaneously.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to find a new method for classifying dementia patients based on their disabilities by using a basic and an instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale.MethodsFunctional disability was assessed in a Belgian cohort of dementia patients using the Katz and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales. A k‐means derived clustering method allocated patients to disability clusters according to their Katz and Lawton scores. In order to validate the classification, we compared socio‐demographic, clinical and costs parameters between the groups.ResultsThe clustering method allocated patients between three clusters: dependent, non‐dependent with instrumental functional disability (ND‐IFD) and non‐dependent. Dependence, as defined by these clusters, significantly correlates with age, residential setting, MMSE, patient's quality of life and costs.ConclusionThis new classification of patients suffering from dementia will provide better understanding of functional disabilities and will complement the evaluation of disease severity based on cognitive function. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A retrospective study of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of mid and late phase Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hart D. J. , Craig D. , Compton S. A. , Critchlow S. , Kerrigan B. M. , McIlroy S. P. , Passmore A. P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAimTo document the behavioural and psychological symptoms in patients with a diagnosis of established Alzheimer's disease (AD) for at least 3 years.MethodsPatients with a ≥3 year history of AD (NINCDS/ADRDA) were recruited from old age psychiatrist and elderly care memory clinics. Information regarding duration of symptoms and non‐cognitive symptomatology was obtained during interview with a carer or next‐of‐kin who had contact with the patient at least 3 times a week and for at least 3 years. MMSE, FAST and NPI including caregiver distress, were used to assess cognition, function and behavioural/psychological disturbance respectively. With each non‐cognitive symptom the carer was asked to estimate its onset.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 77 years and duration of illness 87 months. Mean MMSE was 8/30 and FAST score 6d. Of the psychological symptoms occurring at any stage, depression (56%), delusions (55%) and anxiety (52%) were most common, with hallucinations, elation and disinhibition occurring less frequently. In general, behavioural changes were more common with apathy occurring in 88% of patients, motor behaviour in 70%, aggression in 66%, irritability and appetite changes in 60% and sleep disturbance in 54%. All symptoms except apathy became less common when the carer was asked if they were still present in the last month. Mean onset of psychological symptoms was 47 months. Mean onset of behavioural symptoms was 48 months. Behavioural disturbance seemed to cause more care‐giver distress than psychological change.ConclusionThe results show behavioural and psychological symptoms in AD are common and distressing for carers. They appear to require a consistent period of neurodegeneration in order to emerge. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prevalence study of suicide ideation among older adults in Hong Kong SAR
Authors: Yip Paul S. F. , Chi Iris , Chiu Helen , Chi Wai Kwan , Conwell Yeates , Caine Eric 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to ascertain estimates of the prevalence, and associated risk factors for, suicidal ideation among community‐dwelling older adults in Hong Kong.MethodThe study was conducted as part of the General Household Survey (GHS), using face to face interviews of ethnic Chinese people aged 60 or above living in the community. Elders living in institutions or elderly homes were excluded from the study.ResultsSix percent of the sample was found to have ever had suicide ideation. The results showed that poor physical health, including poor vision, hearing problems, and a greater number of diseases; and poor mental health, especially in the form of depression, are predictors of suicidal ideation in the elderly population. Also, statistical analysis by linking individual factors to depression showed that financial and relationship problems are significant risk factors as well. Older adults who engaged in active coping, that is, those who actively seek to manage or control the negative events in their lives, fare better with lower levels of suicidal ideation than those who use passive coping styles.ConclusionsThe prevalence of suicidal ideation is similar among elders in Hong Kong and western countries. Factors that contribute to risk for suicidal ideation span physical and mental health, social, and psychological domains. Although the association of suicidal ideation to self‐destructive acts remains to be determined, these findings indicate a variety of potential foci for late life suicide prevention efforts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal study of neuropsychological change in individuals with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Azuma Tamiko , Cruz Robyn F. , Bayles Kathryn A. , Tomoeda Cheryl K. , Montgomery Erwin B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNeuropsychological changes in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied longitudinally. Sixty‐nine idiopathic PD patients, with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores falling within normal range, and 37 elderly control participants were given neuropsychological tests twice approximately two years apart. The PD group performed poorer than the control group on Semantic Fluency, Letter Fluency, Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, and Block Design at test time 1. Two years later, the PD group showed significant decline in Semantic and Letter Fluency. A subset of 12 PD patients declined in mental status by second testing (≥4 MMSE points). Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to see if any baseline measures were associated with relative risk of decline in mental status. In the final model, Repetition performance and Age were significantly associated with cognitive decline. Consistent with previous studies, executive function tasks were those most susceptible to disease progression. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What happens when donepezil is suddenly withdrawn? An open label trial in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia
Authors: Minett Thaís S. C. , Thomas Alan , Wilkinson Lucy M. , Daniel Sarah L. , Sanders Jonathan , Richardson Jonathan , Littlewood Elizabeth , Myint Pat , Newby Jane , McKeith Ian G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundThis open label study was designed to assess the effects of donepezil treatment, its withdrawal and subsequent recommencement on cognitive functioning, behaviour and parkinsonian symptoms in patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and with Parkinson's disease who subsequently developed dementia (PDD).MethodsEight patients with DLB and 11 with PDD were treated with up to 10mg of donepezil daily for 20 weeks followed by a 6‐week withdrawal period. The primary outcome measures were the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the total Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III. Testing was conducted before dosing, at week 20, at a withdrawal visit and 3 months after recommencement on donepezil.ResultsPatients with DLB and PDD showed a significant improvement in cognition with treatment, loss of this improvement on withdrawal and restoration of treatment gains on recommencement. Both groups also demonstrated favourable, behavioural changes with treatment, PDD patients in particular deteriorating significantly after withdrawal. The only NPI symptom domain that showed a consistent significant response to both treatment (positive) and withdrawal (negative) was hallucinations. The medication was well tolerated and parkinsonian features did not alter significantly over the testing sessions.ConclusionsOur results suggest that treatment with donepezil improves cognition and hallucinations without increasing parkinsonian symptoms, and its sudden withdrawal is usually detrimental, producing acute cognitive and behavioural decline. Although recommencement on donepezil appears to reverse this deterioration we do not advise its abrupt discontinuation in this population. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of behavioural disturbance in the loss of autonomy for activities of daily living in Alzheimer patients
Authors: Lechowski L. , Dieudonné B. , Tortrat D. , Teillet L. , Robert P. H. , Benoit M. , Forette B. , Vellas B. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is associated with functional impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Behavioural disturbance is very common in these patients. Nevertheless, there has been very little research into the relations between behavioural disturbance and functional status in AD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between behavioural disturbance and functional status after taking account of cognitive impairment.Material and methods579 patients were prospectively evaluated at 16 French hospitals, all referents for AD, and were diagnosed with possible or probable AD. These patients were assessed with NeuroPsychiatric Inventory (NPI), cognitive subscales of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS‐cog), Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale (IADL).ResultsThe number of men with available data for IADL total score was too small to make any analysis. ‘Group A’ gathered 256 women for whom the relation between autonomy for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the other variables were determined. ‘Group B’, pooled 85 women for whom relations found were verified. Linear regression was used for the analysis. With age, cognitive impairment allows us to explain best (38%) the loss of autonomy for ADL.ConclusionThe role of behavioural disturbances in the loss of autonomy for ADL was not determinant in our study, whereas cognitive impairment and age were better able to determine the loss of autonomy for ADL. Further study is needed to explain the decline of functional status in AD patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The breast cancer low‐penetrance allele 1100delC in the CHEK2 gene is not present in Spanish familial breast cancer population
Authors: Osorio Ana , Rodríguez‐López Raquel , Díez Orland , de la Hoya Miguel , Ignacio Martínez José , Vega Ana , Esteban‐Cardeñosa Eva , Alonso Carmen , Caldés Trinidad , Benítez Javier 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSearching for low‐penetrance genes involved in breast cancer susceptibility has been a field of interest in the last few years. Recently, the CHEK 2 gene, involved in DNA damage and replication checkpoints, has been pointed out as a good candidate; moreover, a specific variant in this gene,1100delC, has been found to increase breast cancer susceptibility among familial breast cancer cases not attributable to mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. In our present study, we evaluated the role of the 1100delC variant as a susceptibility allele in breast cancer in the Spanish population. However, our results suggest that this variant is absent or very infrequent in our population, making its screening irrelevant from the practical point of view. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions between N–acetylcysteine and sodium selenite in modulating the clastogenicity of urethane and 2–acetylaminofluorene in mice
Authors: Balansky Roumen M. , De Flora Silvio 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCombined treatment with different agents represents a promising approach in cancer chemoprevention. Therefore, it is useful to assess in preclinical models the efficacy of combinations that are selected by taking into account mechanistic considerations. We designed 2 studies evaluating the interaction between N–acetylcysteine (NAC) and sodium selenite (Se), both given with the drinking water to Balb/c mice, in modulating clastogenic effects in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes. In a first study, a single i.p. injection of urethane considerably enhanced the frequency of micronucleated cells. While NAC produced a significant inhibition, Se further enhanced urethane clastogenicity. When given in combination at the same doses, NAC prevented the adverse effect of Se. In a second study, a single i.p. injection of 2–acetylaminofluorene enhanced the frequency of micronucleated cells. Se did not reduce this effect to a significant extent, while NAC produced a dose–dependent inhibition. When tested at the lower dose in combination with Se, the protective effect of NAC was unchanged. Especially in association with Se, NAC also prevented the toxicity of 2–acetylaminofluorene by normalizing the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes. In conclusion, NAC attenuated the clastogenicity of both urethane and 2–acetylaminofluorene and the toxicity of this aromatic amine. In addition, NAC prevented the clastogenic and toxic effects resulting from the interaction of Se with urethane. Together with the findings of previous studies, it appears that, besides its intrinsic protective properties in carcinogenesis, NAC is capable of attenuating the adverse effects of several cytotoxic drugs and chemopreventive agents. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.