bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial of interferon‐α‐2a plus psolaren with ultraviolet light A in patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chiarion‐Sileni Vanna , Bononi Antonio , Fornasa Cleto Veller , Soraru Mariella , Alaibac Mauro , Ferrazzi Eros , Redelotti Roberta , Peserico Andrea , Monfardini Silvio , Salvagno Luigi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPURPOSETo evaluate the efficacy and side effects of psolaren with ultraviolet light A (PUVA) and interferon‐alpha‐2a (IFN‐α‐2a) in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS).PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom May 1993 to January 1999, 63 symptomatic patients with all stages of MF and SS were treated in a prospective Phase II trial with systemic escalating doses of IFN‐α‐2a combined with PUVA for 1 year, followed by indefinite PUVA maintenance in complete responding patients.RESULTSSixty‐three patients were enrolled (Stage IA, n = 6; IB, n = 37; IIA, n = 3; IIB, n = 3; III, n = 12; IVA, n = 2). Ten patients had received previous therapy. The median follow‐up duration for the entire cohort is 37 months. Of 63 patients, 51 achieved a complete response (CR; 74.6%) or partial response (PR; 6%) to therapy. The median response duration is 32 months. The 5‐year overall survival rate is 91% and the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate is 75%. No life‐threatening side effects were observed. Five patients stopped IFN‐α‐2a therapy due to toxicity. Eighty‐four percent of the patients received more than 75% of the planned dose (12 million units three times a week).CONCLUSIONSThis combination of IFN‐α‐2a and phototherapy is an effective and safe therapy for patients with symptomatic MF. Cancer 2002;95:569–75. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10706
Extragonadal germ cell tumors in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Juei , Pai Lu , Chen Yeu‐Chin , Ho Ching‐Liang , Kao Woei‐Yau , Chao Tsu‐Yi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCT) are rare. They are biologically distinct from their testicular counterparts. Information regarding these tumors from the Far East is limited. More investigations are warranted to define the optimal treatment.METHODSRetrospective review of the medical records of 59 patients with EGCT treated between 1983 and 2001 at a large, tertiary care institute in Taipei.RESULTSThe study population comprised 54 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 1 to 68 years old (median age, 21 years). Primary tumors occurred in the mediastinum (n = 27), retroperitoneum (n = 6), central nervous system (CNS; n = 24), and other sites (n = 2). Patients received surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of treatment modalities as the primary treatment. Three patients with mediastinal seminoma achieved complete remission (CR) and are alive with no evidence of disease (NED), with a median follow‐up of 118 months. Of 24 patients with mediastinal nonseminomas, 8 (33%) are alive with a median disease‐free survival (DFS) period of 33 months. Two of six patients with retroperitoneal nonseminomas obtained CR and are alive with NED at 41 and 110 months, respectively. Of 24 patients with intracranial germ cell tumors, 16 had germinoma and 13 (81%) achieved CR with NED at 8–228 months (median duration, 104 months). Four of eight patients with CNS nongerminomas remain in CR and are alive with a median DFS period of 48 months. Four patients with mediastinal nonsemonimas treated with salvage chemotherapy died.CONCLUSIONSThe treatment results of our patients with seminomatous EGCT are comparable to those of Western countries. However, the treatment results of patients with nonseminomatous EGCT are not as good. The reason for this discrepancy needs to be explored for a better treatment outcome of for patients in Taiwan with EGCT. Cancer 2002;95:766–74. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10738
Ultrastructure and physiology of the hooded sensillum, a bimodal chemo‐mechanosensillum of lobsters
Authors: Cate Holly S. , Derby Charles D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe antennules of decapod crustaceans are covered with thousands of chemosensilla that mediate odor discrimination and orientation behaviors. Most studies on chemoreception in decapods have focused on the prominent aesthetasc sensilla. However, previous behavioral studies on lobsters following selective sensillar ablation have revealed that input from nonaesthetasc antennular chemosensilla is sufficient for many odor‐mediated behaviors. Our earlier examination of the setal types on the antennules of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus revealed three types of nonaesthetasc chemosensilla. The most abundant and widely distributed of these is the hooded sensillum. The present study describes the detailed ultrastructure of antennular hooded sensilla and the physiological response properties of their receptor neurons. Light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine structural characteristics, and electrophysiology was used to examine single‐unit responses elicited by focal chemical and mechanical stimulation of antennular hooded sensilla. Hooded sensilla have a porous cuticle and are innervated by 9–10 chemosensory and 3 mechanosensory neurons whose dendrites project to the distal end of the sensillum. Hooded sensillar chemosensory neurons responded to waterborne chemicals, were responsive to only one of the six tested single compounds, and had different specificities. Hooded sensillar mechanosensory neurons were not spontaneously active. They had low sensitivity in that they responded to tactile but not waterborne vibrations, and they responded to sensillar deflection with phasic bursts of activity. These results support the idea that hooded sensilla are bimodal chemo‐mechanosensilla and are receptors in an antennular chemosensory pathway that parallels the well‐described aesthetasc chemosensory pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 442:293–307, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular localization of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in the mouse and human retina
Authors: Jellali Abdeljalil , Stussi‐Garaud Christiane , Gasnier Bruno , Rendon Alvaro , Sahel José‐Alain , Dreyfus Henri , Picaud Serge 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHorizontal cells are classically thought to mediate lateral inhibition by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐transporter mediated release. In the mammalian retina, however, GABA uptake and cloned GABA transporter were not detected in horizontal cells. Furthermore, the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT or VGAT) that loads GABA and glycine into synaptic vesicles was reported recently to be expressed in horizontal cells. To further assess synaptic transmission in mammalian horizontal cells, we examined the subcellular distribution of VIAAT in mouse and human retina by confocal microscopy with specific cell markers. VIAAT was observed in the mouse outer plexiform layer as punctate structures that localized in calbindin‐positive horizontal cells. These structures were in close apposition with synaptophysin‐, PSD‐95‐, dystrophin‐, and bassoon‐immunopositive photoreceptor terminals, suggesting that VIAAT is localized in horizontal cell tips at photoreceptor terminals. VIAAT‐positive puncta were also in apposition to lectin‐labeled cone terminals or dendrites of PKCα‐immunopositive rod bipolar cells, indicating that VIAAT is expressed in horizontal cell tips at both rod and cone terminals. By contrast, only a very few puncta were observed in the human outer plexiform layer, whereas the inner plexiform layer remained labeled as in the mouse retina. When using adult human retinal cells in culture, horizontal cells identified by parvalbumin immunostaining were found to contain VIAAT, either at their terminals or throughout the entire cell similarly as in syntaxin‐immunopositive cells. These differences between human retinal tissue and cultured cells were attributed to VIAAT degradation in postmortem retinal tissue. VIAAT localization in mouse and human horizontal cells further support the role of inhibitory transmitters in lateral inhibition at the photoreceptor terminals. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:76–87, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of afferents from the zona incerta to the posterior and parafascicular thalamic nuclei of rats
Authors: Power Brian D. , Mitrofanis John 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have examined the general ultrastructure of the posterior thalamic (Po) and parafascicular (Pf) nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, together with the ultrastructure of afferents to these nuclei from the zona incerta (ZI). The ZI of Sprague‐Dawley rats was injected with biotinylated dextran (BD) by using stereotaxic coordinates, and the brains were prepared for routine BD histochemistry. The Po and Pf were then dissected free and processed for electron microscopy by using standard methods. A survey of the general ultrastructure of Po and Pf revealed many RS profiles (small with round vesicles) making asymmetric synapses around single, small (distal; 0.5–1.5 μm in diameter) or larger (proximal; 2–4 μm in diameter) dendrites. RL (large with round vesicles) and F type (pleomorphic vesicles) profiles, although sparse, were also observed. Single RLs were seen to envelope proximal dendrites and make asymmetric synapses that usually had a perforated appearance. F type profiles were seen to make symmetric synapses on proximal and sometimes distal dendrites. There were no profiles making synapses on other vesicle‐filled profiles seen, reflecting the scarcity of interneurons in the Po and Pf of rats. Finally, BD‐labeled terminal profiles from the ZI formed a homogeneous population within both the Po and Pf. They were small (1.1 ± 0.2 μm in diameter; n = 238), contained round vesicles, and made asymmetric synapses with proximal (∼75%) and, to a lesser extent, distal (∼25%) dendrites; they formed part of the RS population of the Po and Pf. In conclusion, our results indicate that the ZI imparts a presumably excitatory (asymmetric synapses) input of high efficacy (preference for proximal dendrites) to the Po and Pf of the dorsal thalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 451:33–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of growth differentiation factor‐15/ macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 (GDF‐15/MIC‐1) in the perinatal, adult, and injured rat brain
Authors: Schober Andreas , Böttner Martina , Strelau Jens , Kinscherf Ralf , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Barth Martin , Schilling Lothar , Fairlie W. Douglas , Breit Samuel N. , Unsicker Klaus 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe and others have recently cloned a new member of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, growth differentiation factor‐15/ macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 (GDF‐15/MIC‐1). Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we determined the distribution of GDF‐15/MIC‐1 mRNA and protein in the perinatal and cryolesioned adult rat brain. The choroid plexus epithelium of all ventricles represents the site of strongest and almost exclusive mRNA expression in the normal perinatal and adult brain. The newborn rat brain reveals GDF‐15/MIC‐1 immunoreactivity (ir) in ependymal cells lining the ventricles, in the striatal subventricular zone, and in populations of nonneural cells of the thalamic/hippocampal lamina affixa, in addition to that in the choroid plexus. Unilateral cryogenic cortical lesioning induced a significant increase of GDF‐15/MIC‐1 mRNA expression and ir at the lesion site and expression in presumed neurons within the dorsal thalamic area. At the lesion site, GDF‐15/MIC‐1‐producing cells showed immuncytochemical features of neurons, macrophages, and activated microglial cells. Flourescent microscopy revealed both intra‐ and extracellular GDF‐15/MIC‐1 ir. Up‐regulation of GDF‐15/MIC‐1 in activated macrophages (Mϕ) is also supported by RT‐PCR, ICC, and Western blot experiments showing pronounced induction of GDF‐15/MIC‐1 expression (mRNA and protein) in retinoic acid/phorbol ester‐stimulated human Mϕ. Our data suggest that 1) GDF‐15/MIC‐1 is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid and 2) in the newborn brain may penetrate through the ependymal lining and act on developing neurons and/or glial cells. As a constituent of cells in the lamina affixa, the protein might be involved in the regulation of mesenchyme–epithelial interactions. Finally, GDF‐15/MIC‐1 may also act within the antiinflammatory cytokine network activated in CNS lesions. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:32–45, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of protein phosphatases‐1α and ‐1γ1 and the D1 dopamine receptor in primate prefrontal cortex: Evidence for discrete populations of spines
Authors: Muly E. Chris , Greengard Paul , Goldman‐Rakic Patricia S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe function of G protein‐coupled receptors depends on the availability of the appropriate signal transduction proteins in close proximity to the receptor. We have examined and quantified in primate prefrontal cortex the subcellular distribution of two isoforms of protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1), PP1α and PP1γ1, which are components of the signal transduction pathway accessed by the D1 dopamine receptor. Both PP1α‐ and PP1γ1‐labeled puncta are seen in cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and thalamus. Viewed with the electron microscope, both PP1 isoforms are selectively localized to dendritic spines and are found in different percentages of spines; PP1α is present in roughly 70% and PP1γ1 in roughly 40% of dendritic spines. Our analysis indicates that three populations of spines are defined by the distribution of these PP1 isoforms: those that contain both PP1α and PP1γ1, those that contain only PP1α and those that contain neither. The D1 receptor is present in a subset of the population that contains both PP1α and PP1γ1. The nonhomogeneous distribution of signal transduction proteins in the spines and dendrites of cortical pyramidal cells may help to explain differences in the actions of receptors that nominally use the same signal‐transduction pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:261–270, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal mossy fibers induce assembly and clustering of PSD95‐containing postsynaptic densities independent of glutamate receptor activation
Authors: Qin Lixuan , Marrs Glen S. , McKim Ross , Dailey Michael E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFactors that regulate the formation, spatial patterning, and maturation of CNS synapses are poorly understood. We used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures derived from developing (P5–P7) rat to test whether synaptic activity regulates the development and organization of postsynaptic structures at mossy fiber (MF) giant synapses. Antibodies to a prominent postsynaptic density (PSD) scaffold protein, PSD95, identified large (>1 μm) and irregularly shaped PSD assemblies that codistributed with synapsin‐I or metabotropic glutamate receptor 7b (mGluR7b) ‐immunolabeled MF terminals in area CA3. To investigate the spatial organization of synaptic PSDs on individual pyramidal cells, neurons in slice cultures were transfected with a vector encoding a GFP‐PSD95 fusion protein. Confocal three‐dimensional reconstructions revealed clusters of PSDs along proximal dendrites of transfected pyramidal neurons in area CA3, but not in CA1. Clusters averaged 7.6 μm in length (range, 2.2–29 μm) and contained up to 35 individual PSDs (mean, 8.3). PSD clusters failed to form when slices were cultured without MFs, indicating that MFs induce cluster assembly. Chronic blockade of N‐methyl‐D‐apartate– and AMPA/kainate‐type glutamate receptors did not disrupt MF targeting or de novo formation of PSD clusters with a normal distribution on target cells. Additionally, glutamate receptor blockers did not alter the ultrastructural development of MF giant synapses containing multiple puncta adherens‐like junctions and asymmetric synaptic junctions at dendritic shaft and spine domains, respectively. The results indicate that MF axons can induce the assembly and clustering of PSD95‐containing postsynaptic complexes, displaying a normal subcellular and tissue distribution, by mechanisms that are independent of ionotropic glutamate receptor activation. J. Comp. Neurol. 440:284–298, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of coupled seepage and temperature fields in concrete dam
Authors: Junrui Chai 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is very important to investigate the coupled problem and solution of seepage and temperature fields in the concrete dam. Seepage through the concrete dam influences the distribution of the temperature field in the dam by heat exchange. The temperature field in the dam also influences the hydraulic conductivity and seepage through the dam. The mechanism of the action and reaction between the seepage and temperature fields in the concrete dam is analysed according to the seepage characteristics of the concrete dam. The continuum mathematical model for coupled seepage and temperature fields in the concrete dam is presented, and the iterative steps and the finite element numerical solution method for the coupled model are proposed. An engineering example is also given to show the applicability of the proposed model and numerical solution method. It can be shown from the example that the difference between the coupled and uncoupled solution to the two fields in the dam is about 4–5%. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical applications of laser scanning cytometry
Authors: Tárnok Attila , Gerstner Andreas O.H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study reviews existing and potential clinical applications of laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and outlines possible future developments. LSC provides a technology for solid phase cytometry. Fluorochrome‐labeled specimens are immobilized on microscopic slides that are placed on a conventional epifluorescence microscope and analyzed by one or two lasers. Data comparable to flow cytometry are generated. In addition, the position of each event is recorded, a feature that allows relocalization and visualization of each measured event. The major advantage of LSC compared with other cytometric methods is the combination of two features: (a) the minimal clinical sample volume needed and (b) the connection of fluorescence data and morphological information for the measured event. Since the introduction of LSC, numerous methods have been established for the analysis of cells, cellular compartments, and tissues. Although most cytometric methods use only two or three colors, the characterization of specimens with up to five fluorochromes is possible. Most clinical applications have been designed to determine ploidy and immunophenotype; other applications include analyses of tissue biopsies and sections, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the combination of vital and nonvital information on a single‐cell basis. With the currently available assays, LSC has proven its wide spectrum of clinical applicability in slide‐based cytometry and can be introduced as a standard technology in multiple clinical settings. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:133–143, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative disorders in the immunosuppressed patient: The diagnostic utility of in situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Hecht Jonathan L. , Cibas Edmund S. , Kutok Jeffery L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe examined the diagnostic utility of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in the immunosuppressed patient with particular attention to the value of in situ hybridization for Epstein‐Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER), a test frequently performed on tissue sections in this setting. Six patients with adenopathy were identified: three with prior solid organ transplantation, two with prior bone marrow transplantation, and one with human immunodeficiency virus. Cytologic findings in involved tissues were positive for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in one case, suspicious or atypical in three cases, negative/reactive in one case, and nondiagnostic in one case due to insufficient material. Two aspirates had a polymorphous lymphoid appearance; three showed predominantly monomorphous lymphoid morphology. Retrospectively, 4/4 FNA cell blocks were positive for EBER in a large proportion of atypical lymphoid cells. Together with the cytologic findings, EBER detection allows for more specific classification of these FNA samples as EBV‐associated lymphoid proliferations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:360–365. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic findings of malignant vascular neoplasms: A study of twenty‐four cases
Authors: Minimo Corrado , Zakowski Maureen , Lin Oscar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCytologic characterization of malignant vascular neoplasms (MVN) is difficult due to the wide range of differential diagnoses and sampling errors. The objective of this study was to identify criteria helpful in the cytologic diagnosis of MVN. The clinical presentation and cytomorphologic features of 22 angiosarcomas and two hemangioendotheliomas were analyzed. The criteria evaluated included cellularity, cellular arrangement, cell shape and size, pleomorphism, cytoplasmic borders, nuclear shape and number, chromatin pattern, nucleoli, background, and presence of angioformative structures. A previous history of MVN was noted in 18 of 24 patients. Specimens with epithelioid morphology were more cellular and pleomorphic and contained multinucleated cells. Specimens with spindle morphology were usually less cellular and less pleomorphic. Angioformative structures were identified in 11 of 24 cases. Awareness of features suggestive of MVN is necessary to raise the possibility of vascular origin, which can be confirmed with appropriate immunocytochemical studies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:349–355. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma metastases mimicking small cell carcinoma on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Parwani Anil V. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProstate adenocarcinoma (PA) is known to metastasize widely to bone, lung, lymph nodes, and other sites. We have observed a rare, although distinctive, neuroendocrine (NE) cytomorphology of metastatic PA on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) that mimics small cell carcinoma (SCC). From a total of 117 cases, eight cases of metastatic PA diagnosed on FNA showed cytomorphologic features indistinguishable from SCC. All specimens were reviewed, along with immunoperoxidase (IPOX) studies using prostate specific (PSA, PSAP) and NE markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, etc.). The patients ranged in age from 51–68 (mean age = 63). The PSA levels at the time of FNA ranged from <0.1 to 2,892 ng/ml (normal postprostatectomy <0.2 ng/ml). Sites of FNA included liver (two), soft tissue (five), and lymph node (one). FNA was performed from 11 mo to 6 yr after the initial diagnosis of the primary tumor. All primary PA were of high Gleason grade ranging from 7–9. None of the primary PA showed neuroendocrine morphology. Cytomorphologic characteristics observed on FNA included predominantly single cells with occasional sheets or loose cell aggregates. A predominant NE nuclear morphology was evident (i.e., hyperchromasia, fine dusty chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, nuclear molding, chromatinic crush artifact, karyorrhexis, mitoses, etc.), with none of the tumors displaying glandular formation. Taken together, these features gave these metastases a cytomorphology indistinguishable from SCC. IPOX studies revealed PSA‐positivity (5/7), PSAP‐positivity (4/7), and only focal NE markers positivity (3/6). Metastatic prostate carcinoma may rarely mimic a SCC (6.8% in this study). This often necessitates further patient workup to identify the primary source for the patient's metastasis, particularly if the patient has multiple lesions. An accurate diagnosis of these lesions as PA metastases is essential for effective, timely treatment and therapeutic design. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:75–79. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.