bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic activity and gene expression profiling of db mice treated with Catharsius molossus (a type of dung beetle) glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Ahn Mi Young , Kim Ha Jeong , Kim Ban Ji , Hwang Jae Sam 
Published: November 2023

Anti‐diabetic activity of Catharsius molossus (Ca, a type of dung beetle) glycosaminoglycan (G) was evaluated to reducing glucose, creatinine kinase, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in Db mice. Diabetic mice were orally administered with 5 groups: Db heterozygous, (PBS, control), Db homozygous (PBS, control), CaG (5 mg/kg), Bombus ignitus (a type of bumble bee) queen (IQG5, 5 mg/kg) and metformin (10 mg/kg), for 1 month. CaG's sero‐biochemial levels were evaluated to determine their anti‐diabetic, and anti‐inflammatory in rats after 1 month CaG or IQG treatments in Db mice. Blood glucose level was decreased by treatment of CaG. CaG produced meaningful anti‐diabetic effect showing inhibition of creatinine kinase and alkaline phosphatase levels. As diabetic parameters, sero‐glucose level, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased in CaG5 treated group compared to control's. Dung beetle glycosaminoglycan, compared to control, could be potential therapeutic agents for anti‐diabetic effect in diabetic mice. CaG5 treated rat group, compared to control, showed that 48 genes including cytochrome P450, family 8/2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 (Cyp8b1), 5′‐nucleotidase, ecto (Nt5e) and myo‐inositol1‐phosphatesynthase A1 (Isyna1) were up‐regulated and 79 genes including S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100a9), immunoglobulin kappa chain complex (Igk), interferon‐inducible GTPase 1‐like (LOC630751) and immunoglobulin heavy constantmu (Ighm) were down‐regulated. Data suggest mitochondrial thymidine kinase (mt‐TK), was up‐ regulated, and calgranulin A (S100a9) were down‐regulated by CaG5 treatment indicating to be potential therapeutic markers for anti‐diabetic agent.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Rural Development Administration Basic Research project, PJ011853.
Anti‐cancer effect and gene expression profiling of melanoma induced mice treated with dung beetle glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Ahn Mi Young , Kim Ha Jeong , Kim Ban Ji , Hwang Jae Sam 
Published: November 2023

Dung beetle (Catharsius molossus) glycosaminoglycan (CaG) possessed anti‐cancer activities of elongation in survival time showing reduced melanoma tumor sizes in treated CaG melanoma induced mice. Thus microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene‐expression profiles for C57BL/6N mice treated with the CaG, 5 mg/kg, over a month for investigation of anti‐cancer effect compared with queen of Bombus ignitus glycosaminoglycan (IQG, 5 mg/kg). CaG5 or IQG5 produced meaningful anti‐cancer effect showing inhibition of melanoma cell growth in XTT assay. In addition, treated theses glycosaminoglycan increased tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 2 (TIMP‐2) activities in HMVEC cells pretreated by TNF‐alpha or melanoma cells. CaG5 treated rat group, compared to control, showed that 192 genes including collagen, type XII, alpha1 (Col12a1), and hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain (Hbb‐bt), amino levulinic acid synthase2, erythroid (Alas2) and heparanase (Hpse) were up‐regulated and 152 genes including nuclear RNA export factor (Nxf3), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein1 (Hapln1), G protein‐coupled receptor17 (Gpr17) and myelin protein zero (Mpz) were down‐regulated. Data suggest collagen, type XII, alpha1, was up‐regulated, and nuclear RNA export factor (Nxf3) were down‐regulated by CaG5 treatment indicating to be potential therapeutic markers for anti‐cancer agentSupport or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the basic research of National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, PJ011853.
Biological roles of oligosaccharides on recombinant eel LH and functions of eelLH receptors
Authors: Byambaragchaa Munkhzaya , Kang Myung‐Hwa , Kim Dae‐Jung , Min Kwan‐Sik 
Published: November 2023

The goandotropins (GTHs) follicle‐stimulating hormone (GTH1) and luteinizing hormone (GTH11) are produced in the pituitary gland of all vertebrates, including fish species, and they are key regulators of gonadal development and reproduction. In this study, we produced the deglycosylated mutants of rec‐eelGTHll and analyzed their biological activity using eel LH receptor cell lines. In the hormone secretion, the glycosylation site as Asnα56 dosen't affect, while glycosylation sites at Asnα79 and Asnβ10 have a little effect at the hormone expression into the medium. In western blotting analysis, rec‐LH was detected bands of 32 kDa and the molecular weight was decreased about 2–3 kDa in the single glycosylation site mutants. Deglycosylation treatment by PNGase F was decreased to 25 kDa at the molecular weight of all mutants. Oligosaccharides at Asn56 on α subunit and at Asn10 on β subunit are crucial for eelLH biological activity by using cell lines expressing eel LH receptor.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the project “Seeding production of eel, Anguilla japonica by artificial induction of sexual maturation” (R2017003).
In vivo visualization of cortical porosity development in an animal model of progressive chronic kidney disease
Authors: Buening Dorothy T , Allen Matthew , McNerny Erin 
Published: November 2023

The effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on bone composition and structure is of interest due to the increased skeletal fracture risk observed in patients with CKD. The Cy/+ rat model of progressive polycystic kidney disease closely mimics the cortical bone loss and porosity observed in CKD patients. Our previous studies have shown increased and highly variable cortical porosity at 35 weeks of age in male Cy/+ rats, but the timing of the porosity's onset and its rate of progression were unknown. This study tested the feasibility of tracking the progression of CKD‐related bone porosity using longitudinal in vivo micro‐computed tomography (microCT) scans. MicroCT images of the distal tibia of normal and Cy/+ male rats were collected at 25, 30, and 35 weeks of age in order to visualize and quantify the developing porosity (Bruker Skyscan 1176, 9 micron resolution). A 1 mm volume of interest located 4 mm distal to the tibia‐fibula junction was chosen for analysis. Scans from 25, 30, and 35 weeks were 3D registered using SkyScan DataViewer preceding computational analysis allowing for a means to see and quantify the exact same locations and patterns of the porosity at various time points of the study. There was no significant difference in porosity between normal and CKD at either 25 or 30 weeks of age. At 35 weeks, CKD animals had significantly higher (11‐fold) cortical porosity compared to normal animals. A severe increase in cortical bone porosity was observed in the CKD animal model (see Figure 1). Although cortical bone loss occurred throughout the duration of the study, the majority of this bone loss occurred between 30 and 35 weeks (see Table 1). This experiment successfully applied in vivo microCT to monitor progressive bone loss in a CKD rat model, and it revealed that the severe but variable porosity previously observed in the Cy/+ rat appears after 30 weeks of age.Support or Funding InformationFunding for this research was provided by the NIH F32DK108554 grant for Dr. Erin McNerny's post‐doctoral fellow research. Support for this project was received from Dr. John Davis at Alma College and Dr. Matthew Allen at Indiana University School of Medicine who established this summer internship exchange.
Cortical porosity of the distal tibia.

Time
Phenotype
Count
Mean Porosity (%)
Standard Deviation

25 weeks
CKD
10
0.42
0.29

Normal
8
0.40
0.26

30 weeks
CKD
11
0.50
0.47

Normal
16
0.36
0.15

35 weeks
CKD
13
2.51
3.24

Normal
18
0.23
0.08
A 3D Intervention Addressing Enzyme‐Substrate Interactions Misconceptions
Authors: Terrell Cassidy , Bongers Cassandra 
Published: November 2023

Many students enter biochemistry courses with enzyme‐substrate interaction misconceptions stemming from prior biology and chemistry courses where this core concept is inadequately illustrated, explained, and/or assessed. Moreover, research has shown two‐dimensional representations not only fail to effectively convey biochemical concepts, but also propagate misconceptions. Reported enzyme‐substrate interaction misconceptions highlight the necessity for better, targeted instructional tools and assessments. We hypothesize that three‐dimensional (3D) physical models used in conjunction with targeted active learning assessments will increase student understanding of shape, stereochemistry, and electrostatic interactions involved in enzyme‐substrate interactions. We further propose that the use of these physical models will decrease the amount of time needed to complete the active learning assessments while also facilitating a deeper understanding of enzyme‐substrate interactions, therefore offering the instructor time to cover other course topics. This intervention study also addresses several biochemistry threshold concepts and supports the “Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education: A Call to Action” report by offering concept‐oriented active learning opportunities.A series of active learning assessments, with corresponding learning objectives and physical models designed by a team of undergraduate students, were developed to address the identified misconceptions of space, electronic interactions, and stereochemistry in enzyme‐substrate interactions. Here we aim to present (1) the design and development of these assessments and corresponding 3D physical models along with (2) the preliminary results of this study. In a control classroom, the active learning assessments were administered and video‐recorded in the absence of 3D physical models. After a second control semester, the physical models will be implemented simultaneously with the assessments into the classroom. In addition, the validated Enzyme‐Substrate Interaction Concept Inventory (ESICI) survey is administered at the beginning and end of each semester to establish a baseline for each class, measure gains in each of the three misconception areas, and offer a comparison against the published national average. Likert‐scale coded scoring of individual questions in the active learning assessments, ESICI results and observational evaluation of the recorded activities will be analyzed for the control and experimental classrooms using a mixed‐methods approach that includes quantitative inferential and descriptive statistical analysis. Preliminary data has been collected and analyzed on the first control semester in Spring 2016 and is planned for Fall 2016, suggesting that the need for this type of intervention is substantial. Further development and results of this study set the stage for curriculum wide development of enzyme‐substrate interaction targeted assessments.
The Effect of Pueraria lobata/Rehmannia glutinosa on Improvement of Insulin Resistance and Lipid Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Jeong Hye Yun , Kim You Jin , Kim Hyejin , Lee Won Jun , Kwon Oran 
Published: November 2023

Menopause is a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease because estrogen deficiency has injurious effect on cardiovascular function and metabolism. Currently, there is an increasing requirement to develop strategies for improving estrogen deficiency‐induced cardiometabolic risks through non‐pharmacological interventions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination supplement of Pueraria Lobata/Rehmannia Glutinosa (PR) on the improvement of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in an estrogen‐deprived animal model. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomized into five groups: SC, sham operation + low‐fat diet (LFD); OC, ovariectomy (OVX) + LFD; OH, OVX + high‐fat diet (HFD); OHP, OVX + HFD + PR (400 mg/kg body weight); and OHS, OVX + HFD + estradiol (0.6 mg/kg body weight). Indices related to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism were determined in the blood, liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Furthermore, 1H‐NMR metabolites were measured in plasma and urine. The OVX resulted in an insulin‐resistant condition compared to the sham control, which was further aggravated by a HFD feeding. The PR supplementation significantly improved insulin responsiveness in adipose tissue, muscle, and the liver, leading to a restoration of metabolic flexibility. Adipose tissue became smaller, had more GLUT4 protein in membrane, less macrophage infiltration and higher hormone‐sensitive lipase mRNA expression. In addition, 1H NMR data revealed that carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms were influenced by PR in OVX rats. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that PR supplement has a potential to relieve insulin resistance and its related metabolic defects in postmenopausal women.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Bio‐Synergy Research Project (NRF‐2012M3A9C4048761) of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning through the National Research Foundation and the BK21PLUS through the National Research Foundation (22a20130012143).
Effects of a 3‐week moderate calorie restriction intervention on cerebral white matter connectivity in subjects with obesity
Authors: Kahathuduwa Chanaka Nadeeshan , Davis Tyler , O'Boyle Michael , Binks Martin 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of a 3‐week 1120 kcal/d calorie restriction intervention on brain structural connectivity (measured using fractional anisotropy; FA) and region‐wise gray matter volumes (GM) in subjects with obesity.MethodsThirty‐two male and female subjects with obesity (19–60 years; 30–39.9 kg/m2) participated in a randomized, two‐group, repeated‐measures, 3‐week dietary intervention consisting of 1120 kcal/d from either total meal replacement (TMR; shakes) or typical diet (TD; portion control). Structural and diffusion tensor MRI were performed pre‐ and post‐intervention. Post‐ vs. pre‐intervention change in FA (ΔFA) and GM (ΔGM) were compared in the whole sample and between groups.ResultsFifteen TMR and 13 TD subjects completed the intervention. Post‐ vs. pre‐intervention ΔFA or ΔGM was not significant within each group or between groups. In the whole sample, FA was increased in the right inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF; P = .005, inferior longitudinal fasciculus (P = .015) and uncinated fasciculus (P = .049) in post‐ vs. pre‐intervention comparison. ΔGM was not significant in pooled analysis.ConclusionsCalorie restriction for 3 weeks appears to be sufficient to initiate changes in FA. Studies involving longer durations of calorie restriction are needed.Support or Funding InformationThe study was funded by Nestlé Health Science Inc.
A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial to Assess the Acute Cognitive, Appetite, Glucose and Insulin Responses to Milk and Juice Beverages in Men and Premenopausal Women
Authors: Edirisinghe Indika , Palacios Orsolya M , Burton‐Freeman Britt , Spitznagel Mary Beth , Nieman Kristin M , Bell Margie , Maki Kevin C 
Published: November 2023

The relationship between postprandial glycemic response and cognitive function is not clear, although some prior results suggest that an increase in postprandial blood glucose may improve aspects of cognition. The macronutrient profile of milk has been shown to elicit a lower glycemic response with less likelihood of a rebound drop below pre‐consumption level compared to other common beverages such as fruit juice. In addition, some findings indicate a link between appetite and cognition, and milk contains protein, which may affect satiety. Thus, the objective of this randomized, controlled, crossover study was to evaluate the acute glucose, insulin, appetite, and cognitive responses to intake of six commonly consumed beverages (water [control], skim milk, 1% milk, 2% milk, 100% apple juice or a combination of 100% apple juice and 2% milk) in healthy adults. Blood was drawn for glucose and insulin assessments and visual analog scale ratings were collected for fullness, hunger, desire to eat, prospective consumption, energy, and focus from pre‐beverage intake to 180 min post‐beverage intake. A cognitive function test battery was completed prior to and at 30, 90, and 150 min post‐beverage intake. A total of 61 subjects (32 men and 29 women) were evaluated with a mean age of 31.1 ± 1.1 y and a mean BMI of 26.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2. Results indicate that beverage type had a significant effect on median postprandial insulin (p < 0.001) and median net incremental area under the curve (niAUC0–180 min) ratings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption (p < 0.05 for all) but had no significant effect on focus, energy or glucose. Water intake resulted in significantly greater median niAUC0–180 min hunger ratings versus all other beverage types (p < 0.001 for all). For fullness, the median (interquartile range) niAUC0–180 min for water intake (−749 [−2817, 242]) was significantly lower versus intake of skim milk (0 [−1610, 1535], p = 0.005), 1% milk (149 [−806, 2270], p < 0.001), 2% milk (−117 [−2340, 1956], p = 0.021) and juice + 2% milk (−509 [−2893, 1213], p = 0.035). The intake of 1% milk (149 [−806, 2270]) significantly increased niAUC0–180 min for fullness compared with apple juice (30 [−2533, 1235], p = 0.047). None of the cognitive function domains were significantly affected by treatment condition or at specific time points, with the exception of the Simple Reaction Time at 30 min post‐beverage intake, where intake of 1% milk and 2% milk + juice resulted in faster reaction times compared to water (p = 0.024 and p = 0.023, respectively). In conclusion, beverage type significantly affected postprandial insulin and appetite, but not postprandial glucose or most measures of cognitive function.Support or Funding InformationThe Dairy Research Institute/National Dairy Council, Rosemont, IL
Whole Egg Increases High Density Lipoprotein‐Cholesterol (HDL‐C) Levels in Overweight Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Sawrey‐Kubicek Lisa , Zhu Chenghao , Stevens Allison , Randolph Jody , Sacchi Romina , Steinberg Francene , Zivkovic Angela M. 
Published: November 2023

Despite recent changes in the US Dietary Guidelines indicating that dietary cholesterol is no longer a nutrient to be limited, the question of whether eggs should be part of a healthy diet remains controversial, particularly in populations at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. To address this question, a randomized, single‐blinded, crossover trial was conducted in 20 overweight and obese (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) postmenopausal women to compare the effects of whole eggs (equivalent to 2 large eggs/day) vs. egg whites in a breakfast meal on lipoprotein profiles. After a 2‐week lead‐in period all women consumed breakfast meals containing whole eggs and egg whites for 4 weeks each, in randomized order (10 starting with whole eggs, 10 starting with egg whites), with a 4‐week washout period between the two arms. Fasting blood samples and 4‐day diet records were collected at the beginning and end of each intervention period. Consumption of whole eggs was associated with a larger change from baseline (change in the egg arm minus the change in egg white arm) in the intake of dietary cholesterol, mean±SE: (394.9±13.7 mg), total fat (8.2±2.1%), and saturated fat (2.9±0.9%). Analysis of variance showed that HDL‐C increased significantly more during whole egg vs. egg white consumption (1.2±1.3 mg/dl vs. −1.6±1.4 mg/dl, p<0.05) whereas total cholesterol (TC) and LDL‐C did not change significantly. Six women, classified as dietary cholesterol hyper‐responders due to an HDL‐C increase in the upper quartile (ΔHDL‐C ≥9 mg/dl), had higher baseline total cholesterol (240.2±10.2 mg/dl vs. 207±8.1 mg/dl, p=0.02) and LDL‐cholesterol (156.3±8.9 mg/dl vs. 128.4±6.3 mg/dl, p=0.02) than hypo‐responders. The hyper‐responders also differed from hypo‐responders in baseline dietary cholesterol intake (184.2±20.3 mg/dl vs. 108.2±13.4 mg/dl, p=0.03), but did not differ in any other baseline dietary measurements or any baseline anthropometric measures including BMI, waist and hip circumference. The results of this study show that egg consumption is accompanied by a modest increase in HDL‐C in overweight/obese postmenopausal women without significant increases in TC or LDL‐C.Support or Funding InformationThe American Egg Board
Physiochemical properties, microstructure and probiotic survivability of symbiotic rice yogurt using polymerized whey protein as gelation agent
Authors: Guo Mingruo , Wang Cuina , Li Dan 
Published: November 2023

A symbiotic rice yogurt using polymerized whey protein (PWP) as major gelation agent was developed. Physiochemical properties, microstructure, and probiotic survivability of the new product were analyzed. Rice to water ratio (RWR) of 1:3 (w/v) yielded the highest water absorption rate of 23.56% after soaking for 3 h at room temperature. The greatest degree of gelatinization (87.65%) was observed in rice samples parboiled at 80°C for 10 min at RWR of 1:12 (w/v). Addition of 0.05% (w/v) lecithin resulted in the most stable emulsion of rice milk. The finalized rice yogurt formulation was (w/v): rice milk, 1% rice protein, 1% prebiotic (inulin), 1% soy oil, 7% sugar, and stabilizers. The product was fermented at 43°C for 3.5 h with 0.01% ABY‐3 starter culture. The symbiotic rice yogurt contained 2% protein and 1.06% fat and exhibited good sensory attributes with an average score of about 4.3 (5‐scale). Both probiotics remained above 106 CFU/mL after 8 weeks. Microstructure analysis showed a compact and uniform network with small pores. Data indicated that the developed symbiotic rice yogurt was a novel functional food rich in protein and low in fat with good texture.Support or Funding InformationThe financial support for this project was provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Project # 2013BAD18B07).