bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celestial holography and AdS3/CFT2 from a scaling reduction of twistor space
Authors: Bu Wei , Seet Sean 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Celestial amplitudes obtained from Mellin transforming 4d momentum space scattering amplitudes contain distributional delta functions, hindering the application of conventional CFT techniques. In this paper, we propose to bypass this problem by recognizing Mellin transforms as integral transforms projectivizing certain components of the angular momentum. It turns out that the Mellin transformed wavefunctions in the conformal primary basis can be regarded as representatives of certain cohomology classes on the minitwistor space of the hyperbolic slices of 4d Minkowski space. Geometrically, this amounts to treating 4d Minkowski space as the embedding space of AdS3. By considering scattering of such on-shell wavefunctions on the projective spinor bundle ℙ𝕊 of Euclidean AdS3, we bypass the difficulty of the distributional properties of celestial correlators using the traditional AdS3/CFT2 dictionary and find conventional 2d CFT correlators for the scaling reduced Yang-Mills theory living on the hyperbolic slices. In the meantime, however, one is required to consider action functionals on the auxiliary space ℙ𝕊, which introduces additional difficulties. Here we provide a framework to work on the projective spinor bundle of hyperbolic slices, obtained from a careful scaling reduction of the twistor space of 4d Minkowski spacetime.
Lower bound on the radii of light rings in traceless black-hole spacetimes
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Photonspheres, curved hypersurfaces on which massless particles can perform closed geodesic motions around highly compact objects, are an integral part of generic black-hole spacetimes. In the present compact paper we prove, using analytical techniques, that the innermost light rings of spherically symmetric hairy black-hole spacetimes whose external matter fields are characterized by a traceless energy-momentum tensor cannot be located arbitrarily close to the central black hole. In particular, we reveal the physically interesting fact that the non-linearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations set the lower bound $$ {r}_{\gamma}\ge \frac{6}{5}{r}_H $$

r
γ

≥

6
5

r
H

on the radii of traceless black-hole photonspheres, where rH is the radius of the outermost black-hole horizon.
Uncovering acoustic signatures of pore formation in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Tempelman Joshua R. , Mudunuru Maruti K. , Karra Satish , Wachtor Adam J. , Ahmmed Bulbul , Flynn Eric B. , Forien Jean-Baptiste , Guss Gabe M. , Calta Nicholas P. , DePond Phillip J. , Matthews Manyalibo J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a machine learning workflow to discover signatures in acoustic measurements that can be utilized to create a low-dimensional model to accurately predict the location of keyhole pores formed during additive manufacturing processes. Acoustic measurements were sampled at 100 kHz during single-layer laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) experiments, and spatio-temporal registration of pore locations was obtained from post-build radiography. Power spectral density (PSD) estimates of the acoustic data were then decomposed using non-negative matrix factorization with custom $$\varvec{k}$$

k

-means clustering (NMF$$\varvec{k}$$

k

) to learn the underlying spectral patterns associated with pore formation. NMF$$\varvec{k}$$

k

returned a library of basis signals and matching coefficients to blindly construct a feature space based on the PSD estimates in an optimized fashion. Moreover, the NMF$$\varvec{k}$$

k

decomposition led to the development of computationally inexpensive machine learning models which are capable of quickly and accurately identifying pore formation with classification accuracy of supervised and unsupervised label learning greater than 95% and 90%, respectively. The intrinsic data compression of NMFk, the relatively light computational cost of the machine learning workflow, and the high classification accuracy makes the proposed workflow an attractive candidate for edge computing toward in-situ keyhole pore prediction in LPBF.
Quercetin influences intestinal dysbacteriosis and delays alveolar epithelial cell senescence by regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wu Wenjuan , Wu Xinhui , Qiu Lingxiao , Wan Ruijie , Zhu Xiaoming , Chen Song , Yang Xinying , Liu Xueya , Wu Jizhen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive lung disease with high mortality. This study aims to explore the protective mechanism of quercetin against pulmonary fibrosis regarding cell senescence and gut microbiota. Rats were intratracheally injected with bleomycin (BLM) to establish a pulmonary fibrosis rat model. RLE-6TN cells were stimulated with BLM to build the model of alveolar epithelial cell senescence, and RLE-6TN-derived conditional medium (CM) was harvested to further culture fibroblasts. Histopathological changes were assessed by H&E and Masson staining. α-SMA expression was assessed by immunofluorescence assay. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokine assay were conducted to assess cellular senescence. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The fibrosis-, senescence-, and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling–related proteins were examined by western blot. In BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats, quercetin exerted its protective effects by reducing histological injury and collagen deposition, lessening cellular senescence, and regulating gut microbiota. In BLM-induced alveolar epithelial cell senescence, quercetin inhibited senescence, lessened SASP cytokine secretion of alveolar epithelial cells, and further ameliorated collagen deposition in fibroblasts. In addition, quercetin might exert its functional effects by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, quercetin regulated intestinal dysbacteriosis in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats, especially boosting the abundance of Akkermansia. To conclude, our findings provide an in-depth understanding of the potential mechanism behind the protective role of quercetin against pulmonary fibrosis.
A 0.46–0.52-THz fully-differential quasi-monostatic FMCW radar transceiver in 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS
Authors: Mangiavillano Christoph , Kaineder Alexander , Stelzer Andreas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA 0.46–0.52-THz fully-differential quasi-monostatic frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar transceiver was designed in a 90-nm SiGe bipolar CMOS technology with $$\textit{f}_{ \textit{T}}/{f}_{\text{max}}$$

f
T

/

f
max

of 300/480 GHz. The transceiver chip has an area of 2.84 $$\text{mm}^{2}$$

mm
2

. A multiply-by-24 frequency multiplier chain is used to generate a 0.48-THz signal from a 20-GHz input signal. Two 0.48-THz push–push doublers are driven in quadrature for a differential output signal with a measured effective isotropic radiated power of up to $$-$$
-
8.8 dBm at the transmitter at 0.47 THz. A differential subharmonic receiver mixer with a stacked quad topology achieves a measured system conversion gain of 7 dB and a measured single-sideband noise figure of 25.2 dB at 0.471 THz. FMCW radar measurements are performed using an on-board frequency source of a credit card-sized demonstrator at a bandwidth of 60 GHz.
Seltene ZNS-Metastasierung eines peripheren T-Zell-Lymphoms
Authors: Pirich Theo , Calabek-Wohinz Bernadette , Freydl Elisabeth , Oberndorfer Stefan 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Metastasierung in das zentrale Nervensystem (ZNS) bei T‑Zell-Lymphomen ist ein seltenes klinisches Szenario. Zu den häufigsten Subtypen mit ZNS-Beteiligung gehören periphere T‑Zell-Lymphome (PTCL) und anaplastische großzellige Lymphome (ALCL). Neurologische Symptome bei einer sekundären ZNS-Beteiligung entwickeln sich in der Regel subakut bis akut. Die diagnostischen Maßnahmen umfassen die klinisch neurologische Untersuchung, eine Gadolinium-verstärkte MRT der gesamten Neuroachse, eine Liquoranalyse und gegebenenfalls eine Hirnbiopsie. Die ZNS-Metastasierung von T‑Zell-Lymphomen stellt, aufgrund ihrer Seltenheit, eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar und muss von anderen Erkrankungen, wie infektiologischen, autoimmunen oder anderen neoplastischen Ursachen, abgegrenzt werden. Zu den Behandlungsoptionen gehören die systemische Chemotherapie, die intrathekale Chemotherapie und die Strahlentherapie. Die Prognose für eine sekundäre ZNS-Beteiligung bei T‑Zell-Lymphomen ist, trotz der zahlreichen Behandlungsoptionen, in der Regel ungünstig. In diesem Fallbericht wird über eine durch Biopsie nachgewiesene ZNS-Metastase eines peripheren T‑Zell-Lymphoms berichtet. Ziel der Literaturübersicht inklusive des Fallberichts ist es, das Verständnis für die klinischen Merkmale, die diagnostischen Modalitäten, die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und die Prognose der ZNS-Metastasierung von peripheren T‑Zell-Lymphomen zu verbessern.
Stand des Verfahrens zur Auswahl eines Standorts für die Tiefenlagerung des hochradioaktiven Abfalls in Deutschland
Authors: Schafmeister Maria-Theresia 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Essay gibt einen Überblick zum Standortauswahlprozess für die Endlagerung des hochradioaktiven Abfalls in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Dieses Verfahren stellt einen Paradigmenwechsel gegenüber dem früheren Versuch der Ausweisung eines Standortes dar, indem zunächst einzig geologische Kriterien hinsichtlich der Sicherheit der Einlagerung und nicht politisch-wirtschaftliche Einzelinteressen von Regionen entscheidend sein sollen. Der aktuelle Stand der Forschung bildet weitergehende Wissensbedarfe gut ab. Derzeit besonders diskutierte Aspekte im Rahmen der Einengung der großen Teilgebiete auf Standortregionen zur übertägigen Erkundung werden angesprochen.
New indices to balance α-diversity against tree size inequality
Authors: Zhang Li , Quinn Brady K. , Hui Cang , Lian Meng , Gielis Johan , Gao Jie , Shi Peijian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe number and composition of species in a community can be quantified with α-diversity indices, including species richness (R), Simpson’s index (D), and the Shannon–Wiener index ($$H^\prime$$

H
′

). In forest communities, there are large variations in tree size among species and individuals of the same species, which result in differences in ecological processes and ecosystem functions. However, tree size inequality (TSI) has been largely neglected in studies using the available diversity indices. The TSI in the diameter at breast height (DBH) data for each of 999 20 m × 20 m forest census quadrats was quantified using the Gini index (GI), a measure of the inequality of size distribution. The generalized performance equation was used to describe the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of the cumulative proportion of DBH and the cumulative proportion of number of trees per quadrat. We also examined the relationships of α-diversity indices with the GI using correlation tests. The generalized performance equation effectively described the rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curve of DBH distributions, with most root-mean-square errors (990 out of 999 quadrats) being < 0.0030. There were significant positive correlations between each of three α-diversity indices (i.e., R, D, and $$H^\prime$$

H
′

) and the GI. Nevertheless, the total abundance of trees in each quadrat did not significantly influence the GI. This means that the TSI increased with increasing species diversity. Thus, two new indices are proposed that can balance α-diversity against the extent of TSI in the community: (1 − GI) × D, and (1 − GI) × $$H^\prime$$

H
′

. These new indices were significantly correlated with the original D and $$H^\prime$$

H
′

, and did not increase the extent of variation within each group of indices. This study presents a useful tool for quantifying both species diversity and the variation in tree sizes in forest communities, especially in the face of cumulative species loss under global climate change.
Electrochemical anodization of cast titanium alloys in oxalic acid for biomedical applications
Authors: Safwat Engie M. , Abdel-Gawad Soha A. , Shoeib Madiha A. , El-Hadad Shimaa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTitanium and its alloys have numerous biomedical applications thanks to the composition and morphology of their oxide film. In this study, the colorful oxide films were formed by anodizing cast Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys in a 10% oxalic acid solution for 30 s at different voltages (20–80 V) of a direct current power supply. Atomic force microscopy was used as an accurate tool to measure the surface roughness of thin films on the nanometer scale. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to analyze surface morphology and phase structure. According to the results, the produced titanium oxide layer showed high surface roughness, which increased with increasing anodizing voltage. The impact of anodizing voltages on the color and roughness of anodized layers was surveyed. The corrosion resistance of the anodized samples was studied in simulated body fluid at pH 7.4 and a temperature of 37 °C utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the potentiodynamic polarization method. The anodized samples for both alloys at 40 V were at the optimal voltage, leading to a TiO2 layer formation with the best compromise between oxide thickness and corrosion resistance. Also, findings showed that TiO2 films produced on Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys had superior surface roughness properties compared to those of Ti-6Al-4V alloys, making them more appropriate for orthopedic applications. From the obtained data and the fruitful discussion, it was found that the utilized procedure is simple, low-cost, and repeatable. Therefore, anodization in 10% oxalic acid proved a viable alternative for the surface finishing of titanium alloys for biomedical applications.
Total neoadjuvant therapy for each locally advanced rectal cancer?
Authors: Piringer Gudrun 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe treatment paradigm for locally advanced rectal cancer has changed in recent years. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision and postoperative chemotherapy has been the standard of care since many years. With this multidisciplinary approach the local recurrence rate is low, but the occurrence of distant metastases and impairments of quality of life due to bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction are still unresolved problems. The integration of induction or consolidation chemotherapy into the neoadjuvant setting, a watch-and-wait strategy without surgery for patients with clinical complete response, the integration of immunotherapy into the neoadjuvant setting in microsatellite-instable rectal cancer as well as the selective omission of neoadjuvant radiotherapy now represent different treatment options and enable individualization of therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer and a discussion on which patients need more intensive or less intensive therapy.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Sexual Violence and Assertive Behavior in Young Spanish Adults
Authors: López-Barranco Pedro José , Jiménez-Ruiz Ismael , Leal-Costa César , Jiménez-Barbero José Antonio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Research on sexual violence is of particular importance because of the prevalence and consequences of such violence in the young adult population. The identification of possible protective factors may be one step towards helping ameliorate this problem. We therefore analyzed the relationship between sexual violence and assertive behaviors in a population of young adults.

Method
A cross-sectional, correlational study. Data were collected between February 7, 2022, and August 9, 2022, in a population of young adults from Spanish universities. The sample consisted of 473 young adults between 19 and 24 years of age.

Results
The prevalence of violence perpetrated and experienced in the sample was high. Men reported a higher level of violence perpetration than women. Relationships are indicated between different types of assertive behaviors and sexual violence. In this regard, a higher degree of assertive behavior as a response is a protective factor against experiencing sexual violence in both sexes, while non-assertive behavior is a risk factor. In the case of sexual violence perpetration, overly assertive behavior is a risk factor.

Conclusions
A number of assertive behaviors were identified that may be considered risk or protective factors for sexual violence.

Policy Implications
Research enables the development of targeted, evidence-based intervention programs that can lead to a reduction in sexual violence in the young adult population.
What Challenges Do Researchers Face in the Study of Inclusive Science Education?
Authors: Pawlak Felix , Menthe Jürgen , Watts Elizabeth , Stinken-Rösner Lisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study of inclusive science education poses researchers with new challenges and tasks. There is an inherent complexity within this field as it requires understanding of science subject matter in combination with the normative demands of inclusive pedagogy. A Delphi study was conducted to systematically survey research challenges that arise in the research of inclusive science education from the perspective of experts. In the Delphi study, challenges for research on inclusive science education were identified using an exploratory approach in the first round. In the course of the following rounds, a consensus could be reached for eight challenges (> 50% agreement, IQR < 1, SD < 1.5). These included challenges known from the literature, e.g. a lack of suitable research instruments. The results also showed a change or an overcoming of challenges documented in earlier articles. For example, many experts, no longer experience a lack of research studies as a challenge. Alongside the progress made in the research field of inclusive science education, challenges still need to be addressed, such as the discrepancy between existing theoretical approaches and actual teaching practices. Future research must address these issues.
The vitality of religious communities—A contribution model based on the sociological and theological discourse
Authors: Zimmer Miriam , Sellmann Matthias 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe article elaborates a concept of the vitality of religious communities. Defined on the basis of previous research, it enables an identification of the determinants that make a (religious) collective vital. An examination of the theoretical discourse and recent studies on religious vitality reveals two distinct discussions. On the one hand, the sociology of religion that disregards the mesolevel; on the other, theology typically lacks a scientific foundation. This paper integrates the strength of both disciplines: the former’s explicit operationalization and abstract reflection along with the latter’s sensemaking and proximity to the field. In doing so, we provide a definition of the vitality of religious communities on the basis of the discussion of the vitality of species and ecosystems in life science. This definition is further refined with a view to organizational studies. Here, the vitality of religious communities can be described and measured in four dimensions: (operative) functionality, (shared) identity, (situational) performance, and (transformational) impact. Theological discourse and recent research point to four attributes of a (religious) community that are expected to influence vitality: professionalism, spirituality, contextuality and intentionality. Finally, the contribution model brings together the vitality dimensions and its influence factors in a coherent framework, offering concrete hypotheses for further research in both disciplines and guidance for empirical research.
Regulation of gene-edited plants in Europe: from the valley of tears into the shining sun?
Authors: Puchta Holger 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSome 20 years ago, the EU introduced complex regulatory rules for the growth of transgenic crops, which resulted in a de facto ban to grow these plants in fields within most European countries. With the rise of novel genome editing technologies, it has become possible to improve crops genetically in a directed way without the need for incorporation of foreign genes. Unfortunately, in 2018, the European Court of Justice ruled that such gene-edited plants are to be regulated like transgenic plants. Since then, European scientists and breeders have challenged this decision and requested a revision of this outdated law. Finally, after 5 years, the European Commission has now published a proposal on how, in the future, to regulate crops produced by new breeding technologies. The proposal tries to find a balance between the different interest groups in Europe. On one side, genetically modified plants, which cannot be discerned from their natural counterparts, will exclusively be used for food and feed and are—besides a registration step—not to be regulated at all. On the other side, plants expressing herbicide resistance are to be excluded from this regulation, a concession to the strong environmental associations and NGOs in Europe. Moreover, edited crops are to be excluded from organic farming to protect the business interests of the strong organic sector in Europe. Nevertheless, if this law passes European parliament and council, unchanged, it will present a big step forward toward establishing a more sustainable European agricultural system. Thus, it might soon be possible to develop and grow crops that are more adapted to global warming and whose cultivation will require lower amounts of pesticides. However, there is still a long way to go until the law is passed. Too often, the storm of arguments raised by the opponents, based on irrational fears of mutations and a naive understanding of nature, has fallen on fruitful ground in Europe.