bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Advanced Information Technology to Combat Insider Threats
Authors: Jonas Jeff , Pattak Paul Byron , Litchko James P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWithin the United States, fraud costs American companies approximately $400 billion a year. Companies
use all manner of security tools and techniques to protect their assets, but these can be rendered useless when
the perpetrators are an enterprise's own employees or trusted agents—insiders. When insiders start
using false identities and technology to facilitate their crimes, they become even tougher to detect. Therefore
organizations need extraordinary technology solutions to even the odds in their favor. Non‐Obvious
Relationship AwarenessTM, or NORATM, is such a
technology. But in the end, technology alone is not enough. There is no substitute for experienced security
professionals to protect an enterprise's assets. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
How Hewlett‐Packard Used Virtual Cross‐Functional Teams to Deliver Healthcare Industry Solutions
Authors: Legare Thomas L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCross‐functional work teaming has been around for decades. But only with modern communication technology
have come virtual cross‐functional teams—those separated by space, and usually also time. At
Hewlett‐Packard, such virtual teams—ultimately linked into a cross‐team set of 200
people—developed and launched a sophisticated medical care system that was not only commercially successful,
but cut the normal R&D time in half. Along the way, they learned many ways to optimize the
effectiveness of such teams. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TQM Breeds Success at STMicroelectronics
Authors: Pieranunzi Richard 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe semiconductor industry is one of the fastest changing and most competitive in the world. STMicroelectronics
has successfully ridden those waves, and it largely credits its measureable success to a corporate TQM
culture. Their TQM effort permeates every level of their functioning—even extending to the
communities in which they operate. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Companies Shift Organizational Behaviors to Improve Performance
Authors: Rieley James B. , Clarkson Ian 
Published: November 2002

AbstractToo often, change management efforts focus solely on the new, desired end results—but ignore the
shaping of new behaviors that are implicitly required to reach them. There are some practical tools—used
by a business advisory firm and others—that can help make the implicit explicit. By using them, the
organization aligns its people's actions with their goals, increasing the likelihood of improved
performance. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Moving beyond the Baldrige: A Call for a Systems Award for Quality Improvement
Authors: Roth William F. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe Baldrige Award championed organizational improvement and became its symbol. But that award process is
limited in a variety of ways, and the author says it's time for a possible new award that goes the next
step—honoring systemic quality improvement. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Why‐and How‐to Systematize Performance Measurement
Authors: Hatten Kenneth J. , Rosenthal Stephen R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWhether or not a company has a performance measurement system, managers can measure their group's
achievements. Here is a practical approach to analyzing such systems and determining the appropriate,
interrelated measures—along with caveats on how to uncover misleading ones. © 2001 by the
authors
Currents: Books in Brief
Authors: Lawton LaRoi 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe Digital Enterprise: How to Reshape Your Business for a Connected WorldUnchained Value: The New Logic of Digital BusinessThe E‐Aligned Enterprise: How to Map and Measure Your Company's Course in the New EconomyQuality Management Systems: A Practical Guide for ImprovementManaging Strategic Relationships: The Key to Business SuccessModern Project Management: Successfully Integrating Project Management Knowledge Areas and ProcessesLongaberge: An American Success StoryDriving Digital: Microsoft and Its Customers Speak About Thriving In the E‐Business EraProven Strategies in Competitive Intelligence: Lessons from the TrenchesHigh Performance Manufacturing: Global PerspectivesThe Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Extraordinary Company that Transformed an IndustryMining the Middle Ground: Developing Mid‐Level Managers for Strategic Change
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chatterjee Mahua , Scobie Ian 
Published: November 2002

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is set to become a major global health problem. Its pathogenesis is based on an interplay between beta‐cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Defects of insulin secretion include loss of the first phase insulin response to a glucose load and a disruption of insulin pulsatility. Abnormal processing of insulin precursors within the beta cell and deposition of islet amyloid further compromise beta‐cell function. Hyperglycaemia itself reduces beta‐cell responsiveness. Insulin resistance is a major cause of type 2 diabetes. It is strongly linked to the presence of obesity. The precise genetic determinants of both insulin resistance and beta‐cell dysfunction remain to be elucidated as does the relative role of each metabolic abnormality. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is digital retinal imaging alone sufficient as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy?
Authors: Razvi FM , Illahi W , Ryder REJ 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAims.To determine whether the addition of direct ophthalmoscopy to digital retinal imaging confers an advantage over imaging alone.Method.Cohort study in a DGH teaching hospital, Birmingham. Two hundred diabetic patients attending eye‐screening clinics were examined by digital retinal imaging and ophthalmoscopy.Results.In 115 (57.5%) patients the quality of the image was sufficient and no additional information was gained from also carrying out ophthalmoscopy. In a total of 76, representing 38% of patients examined, the addition of ophthalmoscopy improved detection of diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion.There is an advantage in combining digital imaging and ophthalmoscopy in eye screening, as opposed to using either method individually, to improve the detection of diabetic retinopathy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of metformin versus sulphonylurea in combination with daily NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on hypoglycaemic agents; median follow‐up“29 months
Authors: Furlong NJ , McNulty SJ , O'Brien SV , Hardy KJ 
Published: November 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the long‐term effect on glycaemic control and weight gain of metformin versus sulphonylurea combined with daily NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice.Research design and methodsA single centre retrospective study of routine clinical care in a busy district general hospital. 208 patients with type 2 diabetes were initiated on combination therapy (bedtime NPH insulin plus an oral hypoglycaemic agent) following inadequate glycaemic control with oral agents alone. 137 were treated with insulin/sulphonylurea (gliclazide 160 mg b.i.d. (n = 135), glipizide 10 mg b.i.d. (n = 2)) and 71 with metformin 850–1000 mg t.i.d. (maximum tolerated dose). Patients were followed up after median (range) 29 (11–58) months therapy. We compared changes in HbA1c and weight, frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, ‘well‐being’ and ‘diabetes treatment satisfaction’ (using validated questionnaires).ResultsAt baseline the groups were matched for glycaemic control, BMI and diabetes duration. The metformin group were heavier (median (range) weight 85 (62–162) versus 80 (43–144) (p = 0.01)), and younger ((mean ± SD) 58.6 ± 9 versus 64.3 ± 9.6 years (p < 0.0001)). Median (range) duration of follow‐up was 26.5 (11–54) months (insulin/metformin) versus 30 (15–58) months (insulin/sulphonylurea) (p = 0.1). Glycaemic control improved similarly with both regimens (mean ± SD—1.3 ± 1.7% (insulin/metformin) versus—1.4 ± 1.7% (insulin/sulphonylurea) (p = 0.5)); weight gain was less with insulin/metformin (4.0 ± 5.8 versus 6.1 ± 6.3 kg (p = 0.02)). Episodes of severe hypoglycaemia, ‘well‐being’ and ‘diabetes treatment satisfaction’ scores were similar.ConclusionFor patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral agents, insulin/metformin combination therapy appears superior to insulin/sulphonylurea, producing similar highly significant sustained improvements in glycaemic control but with less weight gain. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of diabetes related complications amongst the Turkish diabetes population attending a south London hospital
Authors: Mehmet Serife , Andrew Crook Martin , Worsely Andrew 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThere is a large Turkish population within London, and on basic observation type 2 diabetes seems to be prevalent. No one to date has formally looked at the diabetes control and complications present in the Turkish population within the UK. The aims of this study were to assess the metabolic control and prevalence of macrovascular and microvascular complications amongst the Turkish diabetes population attending the diabetes clinic at Lewisham hospital. 77 Turkish patients were identified (96.1% with type 2 diabetes, mean age 62.3 ± 9.7 years). Relevant cross‐sectional data were collected for all type 2 diabetes patients by retrospectively examining medical records. The results show that mean weight was 83.9 ± 16.2 kg, mean HbA1c was 7.8 ± 2.0% and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) were 141.5 ± 19.7 mm Hg and 80.7 ± 8.4 mm Hg respectively. Mean BP was higher in females. The mean total cholesterol and triglycerides were 5.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L and 3.1 ± 1.5 mmol/L respectively. Complications (including hypertension, dyslipidaemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease) were present in 71.6% of all Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes. Females were more likely to have complications. Ischaemic heart disease and strokes were common, affecting 25.7% of all subjects, and approximately a third of all females were affected. In conclusion diabetes related complications are prevalent, affecting the majority of the Turkish diabetes population. Dyslipidaemia and ischaemic heart disease is a common occurrence, especially in females. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Night‐time only insulin pump therapy in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Razeghi Stefan , Schubert Verena , Knerr Ina , Plank Christian , Zimmermann Theodor 
Published: November 2002

AbstractContinuous subcutaneous insulin infusion via portable pumps has been developed to improve metabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus by imitating physiological insulin secretion but is generally not recommended for children below the age of 12–14 years. Since especially young children with dawn phenomenon would benefit from continuous insulin application, we started night‐time only insulin pump therapy in four children aged 4–11 years. We retrospectively analysed these patients in regard to metabolic control and satisfaction with therapy. There were no ketoacidotic hyperglycemias or technical defects and the rate of severe hypoglycemia rose slightly from 0.0 to 0.063 per patient and year. Three out of four families reported high satisfaction with the new therapy and an increase in quality of life. Mean HbA1c fell from 7.2% to 6.6%, then rose again.We conclude that night‐time only insulin pump therapy might be a safe way of controlling dawn phenomenon in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of free volume in particulate‐filled epoxy resin by means of dynamic mechanical analysis and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
Authors: Marzocca A J , Somoza A , Goyanes S N , Salgueiro W , König P 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDynamic mechanical measurements were carried out in composites made of quartz powder‐filled epoxy resin at frequencies between 7 and 600 Hz and temperatures between 290 and 460 K. Using the William–Landel–Ferry relationship, master curves of the dynamic moduli were obtained as a function of the frequency and the related coefficients, c01 and c02, were evaluated. The activation energy of the α relaxation was calculated and the influence of the filler content on the free volume was determined. The average free volumes were also measured in the composites by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Considering the constituent phases and the conditions of cure, the internal residual stresses in the matrix were evaluated and their influence on the free volume is discussed. Both DMA and PALS show similar results of the dependence of free volume with the filler content in the composite.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Light‐induced crosslinking polymerization
Authors: Decker Christian 
Published: December 2002

AbstractLight‐induced polymerization of multifunctional monomers is a powerful method to transform a liquid resin into a solid polymer almost instantly, selectively in the illuminated areas. The reaction can conveniently be followed by real‐time infrared spectroscopy, a technique which records directly conversion versus time curves in photosensitive resins undergoing ultrafast curing upon UV or laser exposure. The photoinitiator was shown to play a key role in laser‐induced polymerization because of the monochromatic character of the emitted radiation. By using highly sensitive acrylate photoresists, relief images of micronic size were obtained by fast scanning with a focused laser beam. The laser direct imaging technology makes image transfer obsolete and eliminates the manufacture of photolithographic masks. Polymer networks of different architectures have been obtained by UV irradiation of various monomer blends: acrylate–epoxide, acrylate–vinyl ether, acrylate–polyene, vinyl ether–maleate and thiol–polyene. With monomers polymerizing by different mechanisms, ie radical and cationic types, interpenetrating polymer networks have been generated upon UV exposure in the presence of adequate photoinitiators. The crosslinking reaction was also performed in the solid state on polybutadiene which was plasticized with a multifunctional acrylate or thiol monomer. Thermoplastic elastomers were transformed within a fraction of a second into an insoluble material showing a greatly improved resistance to heat and chemicals, because of the tight polymer network formed.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The kinetics of reversal of pre‐sickled erythrocytes by the aqueous extract of Cajanus cajan seeds
Authors: Ogoda Onah Johnson , Akubue Paul I. , Okide George B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe aqueous methanol extract (3:1, v/v) of the seeds of Cajanus cajan was investigated for antisickling properties. The extract possessed significant antisickling activity and was found to be concentration‐dependent. The kinetics of reversal of presickled erythrocyte (HbSS) cells using the extract at 0.5 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL showed first‐order kinetics with rate constants of 5.833 × 10−3 min−1, 6.143 × 10−3 min−1, 5.957 × 10−3 min−1 6.00 × 10−3 min−1 and 6.046 × 10−3 min−1, respectively, and with an average half‐life 115.6 min. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of free amino acids, phenolic compounds, tannins, globulins and saponins. These results show that the extract has potential use in the management of painful episodes experienced by sickle cell patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of experimental diabetic cataract by Indian Ayurvedic plant extracts
Authors: Rathi S. S. , Grover J. K. , Vikrant Vats , Biswas N. R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe efficacy of Momordica charantia (MC), Eugenia jambolana (EJ), Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and Mucuna pruriens (MP) was assessed in the prevention of murine alloxan dibetic cataract. Alloxan (120 mg/kg) was used as the diabetogenic agent. While controls and diabetic controls did not receive any plant extract, treated rats received lyophilized aqueous extract of MC and EJ (200 mg/kg p.o.), alcohol extract of TC (400 mg/kg) and MP (200 mg/kg p.o.) every day until 4 months. Serum glucose concentration was assessed and cataracts examined with both the naked eye and through a slit lamp. Of the eight animals in the diabetic control group, four developed cortical cataract (stage IV) by day 90 while the remaining four developed it by day 100. The incidence rate of cataract in MC, EJ, TC and MP treated groups at 120 days was only 0, 0, 1 and 2. Oral feeding of MC, EJ, TC and MP extracts for 1 month produced a fall of 64.33%, 55.62%, 38.01% and 40.17%, respectively, in the serum glucose levels in comparison with the 48 h level. After 2 months of treatment, the respective values were 66.96%, 59.85%, 40.41% and 45.63%. MC and EJ prevented the development of cataract while the protective effect was less with TC and MP along with a significant reduction of plasma glucose levels (p < 0.001). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibitory effect against polymerase and ribonuclease activities of HIV‐reverse transcriptase of the aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia triflora
Authors: Martino V. S. , López P. , Martinez Irujo J. J. , Sanromán M. , Cuevas M. T. , Santiago E. , Lasarte J. J. , Font M. , Coussio J. D. , Monge A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts from the leaves of Terminalia triflora were investigated for their inhibitory effect on polymerase and ribonuclease activities of HIV reverse transcriptase.The most potent activity was found in the aqueous extract, which inhibited both polymerase and ribonuclease activities of the enzyme with an IC50 of 1.6 μg/mL and 1.8 μg/mL respectively. The antiinfective activity of the extract was demonstrated in HLT4LacZ‐IIIB cell culture with an IC50 of 1.0 μg/mL. The extract was submitted to a purification process by extractive and chromatographic methods. The activity remained in the hydrophillic fraction. Tannins present in this active purified fraction, as determined by TLC and HPLC methods, could account for the anti HIV‐RT activity found in the aqueous extract. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The measurement of corporate portfolio strategy: analysis of the content validity of related diversification indexes
Authors: Robins James A. , Wiersema Margarethe F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMeasures developed for the analysis of corporate diversification have become fundamental to a broad range of strategy research. This paper examines the content validity of the two most widely used continuous measures of related diversification—the related component of the entropy index and the concentric index—and raises fundamental questions about their validity as indicators of portfolio relatedness. These questions are not driven by the use of SIC data for estimation of the indexes; they involve validity problems intrinsic to the construction of the measures. The related component of entropy and the concentric index are sensitive to features of corporate portfolio composition that may not be directly linked to portfolio relatedness. These sensitivities can create important ambiguities in strategy research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
U.S.–Mexican alliance negotiations: Impact of culture on authority, trust, and performance
Authors: Teegen Hildy J. , Doh Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn this article, we highlight the impact of culture on relationships of authority, trust, and performance in U.S.‐Mexican alliance negotiations. Using a sample of 55 Mexican firms with experience in alliances with U.S. counterparts, we propose cultural foundations to explain the outcomes of these negotiations in terms of governance structure (authority) and relationships (trust) in the alliance, and link these negotiation outcomes to Mexican partner perceptions of alliance performance. We find that Mexican managers view authority balance as a positive contributor to alliance performance, while authority advantage—even when benefiting the Mexican partner at the expense of the U.S. partner—is viewed as having a negative impact on performance. Trust also plays an important role in alliance performance. We highlight several examples of alliance negotiations between U.S. and Mexican corporations to illustrate these findings, and present other challenges and opportunities in cross‐cultural negotiations. We draw implications of our research for managers engaged in similar cross‐cultural negotiations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing American and Chinese negotiating styles: The influence of logic paradigms
Authors: Palich Leslie E. , Carini Gary R. , Livingstone Linda P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractEffective cross‐cultural negotiations between firms in the United States and China have become
increasingly important as commerce between these two nations continues its rapid expansion. Previous research has
explored some of the cultural factors that shape Chinese negotiating styles, making comparisons with American
practices. However, scant attention has been paid to differences in perspectives that derive from fundamental
logic paradigms, which tend to vary greatly between individuals from the East and West. We outline the primary
features of two widely recognized logic frameworks—formal logic (which excludes contradictory notions
about a concept or entity) and dialectic logic (which emphasizes contradiction and acknowledges the
value of conflict between opposing ideas). Recognizing that formal logic is more common in the United States
and that dialectic logic tends to dominate thought in China, we outline hypothesized influences of each logic
paradigm on negotiating approaches in the two countries. Combining these insights with those derived from research
on other relevant factors, we offer practical suggestions for managing interactions between American and Chinese
negotiators. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Personality and negotiation style: The moderating effects of cultural context
Authors: Mintu‐Wimsatt Alma 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis article contends that although studies on the relationship of personality traits on negotiation styles
have generated mixed results, incorporating cultural context could provide some interesting results. Given this
premise, this study explores the moderating effects of cultural context on the personality and negotiation
relationship. The personality variables of conciliatory predisposition, trusting nature, and risk propensity, and
their interrelationship with the problem‐solving style of negotiation were investigated. The study utilized
a sample from two culturally diverse groups: American and Filipino industrial exporters. The results show that
personality variables had little direct impact on problem‐solving. As for the moderating effect of cultural
context, the findings suggest that context moderates the relationship between the negotiator's conciliatory
nature and problem‐solving. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.