bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a brief screening interview for adjustment disorders and major depression in patients with cancer
Authors: Akizuki Nobuya , Akechi Tatsuo , Nakanishi Tatsuro , Yoshikawa Eisho , Okamura Masako , Nakano Tomohito , Murakami Yoshie , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdjustment disorders and major depression are common psychiatric disorders in patients with cancer and have a serious impact on quality of life. The problem in clinical oncology settings is underrecognition of these disorders; as a result, screening is recommended to detect them. The goal of the current study was to develop a new, brief screening tool for adjustment disorders and major depression and to compare its performance with that of existing screening methods.METHODSPatients with cancer completed the newly developed One‐Question Interview (a 1‐item, structured interview); the Distress Thermometer (a 1‐item, self‐report questionnaire), which previously was developed as a brief screening tool; and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; a 14‐item, self‐report questionnaire). Psychiatric diagnoses of adjustment disorders and major depression were made by psychiatrists and were based on criteria set forth by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition.RESULTSTwo hundred seventy‐five patients participated in the study. Scores on both the One‐Question Interview and the Distress Thermometer were significantly correlated with HADS score (One‐Question Interview: r = −0.66, P < 0.01; Distress Thermometer: r = 0.71, P < 0.01). At the optimal cutoff points, the sensitivity and specificity for detection of adjustment disorders and major depression were 80% and 61%, respectively, for the One‐Question Interview; 84% and 61%, respectively, for the Distress Thermometer; and 92% and 57%, respectively, for the HADS.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggested that the One‐Question Interview was a valid tool for use in screening patients with cancer for adjustment disorders and major depression. Its performance was inferior to that of the HADS but comparable to that of the Distress Thermometer. The One‐Question Interview may be suitable for widespread use in routine screening. Cancer 2003;10:2605–13. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11358
Thyroid neoplasms after therapeutic radiation for malignancies during childhood or adolescence
Authors: Acharya Suchitra , Sarafoglou Kyriakie , LaQuaglia Michael , Lindsley Skyler , Gerald William , Wollner Norma , Tan Charlotte , Sklar Charles 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent data indicate that the risk of developing a thyroid neoplasm clearly is increased after high‐dose, therapeutic radiation therapy during childhood. To better understand the time course, natural history, and histopathology of thyroid lesions that develop after high‐dose irradiation, the authors undertook a retrospective study of all survivors of childhood and adolescent malignancies who were treated at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center and who developed a clinically apparent thyroid neoplasm.METHODSThe authors searched the data base of the Department of Pediatrics, the hospital‐based tumor registry, and the hospital medical records database for patients with thyroid neoplasms.RESULTSThirty‐three patients were identified who developed a thyroid neoplasm after therapeutic radiation. Primary diagnoses were Hodgkin disease (n = 18 patients), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 10 patients), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 2 patients), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 1 patient), Wilms tumor (n = 1 patient), and neuroblastoma (n = 1 patient). The median age at the time of diagnosis of the primary malignancy was 12.0 years (range, 3.7–18.3 years), the median radiation dose to the thyroid gland was 2400 centigrays (cGy; range, 1000–4200 cGy), and the median interval from the time of radiation therapy until the recognition of thyroid disease was 13.0 years (range, 6.2–30.1 years). Thirteen of 33 thyroid lesions (39%) were malignant (11 papillary carcinomas and 2 follicular carcinomas). Age at diagnosis, gender ratio, and time elapsed since initial treatment did not differ between patients with malignant and benign lesions, but the median radiation dose to the thyroid was lower in patients who had malignant disease compared with patients who had benign disease (2000 cGy vs. 2950 cGy; P = 0.03). Disease was confined to the neck in all patients who had malignant thyroid lesions; after a median follow‐up of 6.5 years (range, 0.9–12 years), none of the patients developed progressive or recurrent disease.CONCLUSIONSData from this study suggest that a high proportion of clinically apparent thyroid neoplasms that develop after therapeutic radiation for a childhood malignancy are malignant. However, most of these thyroid malignancies do not appear to behave in an aggressive fashion. Because thyroid neoplasms may not become evident for decades after radiation therapy, all individuals who are at risk require life‐long follow‐up. Cancer 2003;97:2397–403. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11362
Physical activity and breast cancer risk among Asian‐American women in Los Angeles
Authors: Yang Dongyun , Bernstein Leslie , Wu Anna H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, there have been few studies published to date regarding physical activity patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian and Asian‐American women.METHODSThe authors conducted a population‐based case–control study of 501 Asian‐American women with incident breast cancer and a control group of 594 Asian‐American women in Los Angeles County to evaluate the role of lifetime physical activity on breast cancer risk. Information concerning lifetime recreational physical activity (i.e., type of activity, duration [years], and frequency [average hours per week]) and occupational physical activity was obtained using a structured questionnaire that was administered in person.RESULTSIncreasing years and levels (average metabolic equivalent [MET] hours per week) of lifetime recreational activity were associated with a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer after adjusting for demographic factors, migration history, and menstrual and reproductive factors. Compared with women who had no lifetime recreational physical activity, ≤ 3 MET hours per week, > 3–6 MET hours per week, > 6–12 MET hours per week, and > 12 MET hours per week of activity were associated with significantly reduced risk, with odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of 0.91 (0.55–1.49), 0.65 (0.39–1.10), 0.53 (0.31–0.90), and 0.47 (0.28–0.80), respectively (P value for trend < 0.001). The risk of breast cancer was associated inversely with occupational physical activity, although the result was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the current study provide further support for the finding that physical activity has a protective role in breast cancer. Cancer 2003;10:2565–75. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11364
Simultaneous detection of apoptosis and proliferation in colorectal carcinoma by multiparameter flow cytometry allows separation of high and low‐turnover tumors with distinct clinical outcome
Authors: Rupa J. Dennis , de Bruïne Adriaan P. , Gerbers Andrea J. , Leers Mathie P. G. , Nap Marius , Kessels Alfons G. H. , Schutte Bert , Arends Jan Willem 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDDukes C colorectal carcinoma is treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant treatment is not standard for patients with Dukes B tumors, even though about 20% of patients within this tumor stage die of recurrent disease. The authors investigated whether a novel method of simultaneous detection of apoptosis and proliferation would improve the assessment of prognosis in colorectal carcinoma patients, with the ultimate goal of accurately identifying patients eligible for adjuvant therapy.METHODSA multiparameter flow cytometric assay with heat pretreatment was performed on 278 paraffin‐embedded colorectal adenocarcinomas. After immunochemical isolation of tumor cells, apoptosis and proliferation were assessed simultaneously by immunostaining for the M30 antibody and by quantitative DNA analysis, respectively. Patients were followed for more than 10 years.RESULTSThe mean values of apoptosis (apoptotic fraction [AF], i.e., the percentage of M30‐positive cells) and proliferation (S‐phase fraction [SPF]) were 11.1% and 13.1%, respectively. The AF and SPF values were correlated positively (P = 0.01) and both increased with advancing tumor stage (P = 0.02). Combining AF and SPF, patients with tumors with a high turnover (i.e., both AF and SPF values were greater than the mean) had an overall survival rate of 13%, whereas patients with low‐turnover tumors (i.e., both AF and SPF values were less than the mean) had an overall survival rate of 89% (P < 0.001 by log rank test). Moreover, within Dukes B and C stages, patients with high‐turnover tumors had a poorer survival than patients with low‐turnover tumors (P < 0.001 for both stages).CONCLUSIONSThe simultaneous detection of apoptosis and proliferation in archival material allows separation of high and low‐turnover colorectal adenocarcinomas and improves the assessment of prognosis. This technique could be used to stratify patients for adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 2003;97:2404–11. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11366
Alternating chemotherapy with etoposide plus cisplatin and topotecan plus paclitaxel in patients with untreated, extensive‐stage small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Jett James R. , Hatfield Alan K. , Hillman Shauna , Bauman Michael D. , Mailliard James A. , Kugler John W. , Morton Roscoe F. , Marks Randolph S. , Levitt Ralph 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to test the response rate and toxicity of alternating chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).METHODSPatients with histologically proven, extensive‐stage SCLC, with a performance status of 0–2, and who had received no prior chemotherapy were eligible. The design was a two‐stage, Phase II, multicenter trial. Treatment consisted of alternating chemotherapy every 3 weeks with etoposide (100 mg/m2 on Days 1–3) and cisplatin (30 mg/m2 on Days 1–3) on Cycles 1, 3, 5 and with topotecan (1 mg/m2 on Days 1–5) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2 on Day 5) on Cycles 2, 4, and 6. Filgrastim support was given with Cycles 2, 4, 6.RESULTSForty‐four patients were eligible and evaluable. The primary toxicity was myelosuppression. The median absolute neutrophil count was 300/μL with 70% Grade 4 neutropenia. The median platelet count was 58,000/μL with 23% Grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Grade 4 nonhematologic toxicities occurred in 16% of patients. Overall toxicities were not different between the two regimens. There were no treatment‐related deaths. Complete or partial responses occurred in 34 patients (77%). The median time to progression was 6.9 months, with a median survival of 10.5 months and with 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates of 37% and 12%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe regimen of alternating chemotherapy was associated with substantial myelosuppression and resulted in a high response rate and good overall survival. The results were similar to those reported in prior trials and did not suggest any improvement in therapy for patients with SCLC. Cancer 2003;10:2498–503. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11377
Sensitive detection of small cell lung carcinoma cells by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction for prepro–gastrin‐releasing peptide mRNA
Authors: Saito Tsuyako , Kobayashi Makoto , Harada Ryoji , Uemura Yoshiki , Taguchi Hirokuni 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDGastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) is an autocrine growth factor in patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The authors developed a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay for the detection of SCLC cells in the peripheral blood and the pleural effusion using preproGRP mRNA as a target.METHODSThe current study was conducted to determine the utility of preproGRP‐specific nested RT‐PCR on the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and pleural effusion samples from 32 patients with SCLC, 39 patients with non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), 28 patients with nonmalignant pulmonary disease, and 20 healthy volunteers. The internal primers were designed to amplify a 244‐base pair PCR product, a sequence encompassing exon 1 and exon 2 by the nested RT‐PCR assay.RESULTSAmplification of the preproGRP message was detected in SCLC cell lines (LU165, SBC1, SBC2, and SBC3) but not in other NSCLC cell lines (A549, ABC1, EBC1, and Oka‐1). The SCLC cells (LU165) were detected in dilutions of tumor cells of up to 10−7 in hematopoietic cells from healthy donors. The preproGRP mRNA was detected in 16 of 32 (50%) blood samples, 2 of 11 (18%) marrow samples, and in all 6 (100%) pleural effusion samples. Blood samples gave positive results in 11 of 19 (58%) patients with extensive disease compared with 5 of 13 (38%) patients with limited disease. In contrast, only 1 blood sample (2.6%) from a patient with lung adenocarcinoma gave a positive result among patients with NSCLC. No other samples of blood, bone marrow, and pleural effusion from patients with NSCLC and none of the blood samples from patients with nonmalignant diseases and healthy volunteers were positive.CONCLUSIONSThe current RT‐PCR approach may be a sensitive and specific assay to detect SCLC cells in circulating blood as well as in pleural effusions from SCLC patients. Cancer 2003;97:2504–11. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11378
Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Shotaro , Matsumoto Takayuki , Iida Mitsuo , Yao Takashi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn optimal treatment modality for patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma has not yet been established. This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathologic features of this disease and the influence of therapeutic modalities on the prognosis in Japanese patientsMETHODSThe clinicopathologic features of 455 patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma were investigated retrospectively regarding treatment modalities and time trends.RESULTSThis study comprised 342 patients (75%) with gastric lymphoma, 96 patients (22%) with intestinal lymphoma, and 17 patients (4%) with both gastric and intestinal lymphoma. Two hundred thirty‐one (51%) patients were classified as having low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma including 200 marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, 185 (41%) patients were classified as having high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma including 76 diffuse large cell lymphoma plus MALT lymphoma, and 39 (9%) patients were classified as having T‐cell lymphoma. The frequency of nonsurgical treatment, including Helicobacter pylori eradication, chemotherapy, and radiation, increased during the latest decade. Patients who received nonsurgical treatment showed a better overall survival than those treated by surgery, but event‐free survival did not differ between two groups. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that early stage, younger age, gastric localization, B‐cell phenotype, and absence of B symptoms were independent prognostic factors for better overall and event‐free survivals. Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue‐derived lymphoma was also an independent prognostic factor for event‐free survival, but not for overall survival.CONCLUSIONSNonsurgical treatment may be an optimal therapeutic modality for patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. Cancer 2003;97:2462–73. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11415
Region‐specific effects of glia on neuronal induction and differentiation with a focus on dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Hall Anita C. , Mira Helena , Wagner Joseph , Arenas Ernest 
Published: May 2003

AbstractRadial glia (RG) are the first glial cell type to appear in the nervous system. Their broad distribution and apparent similarity hide important brain region‐specific differences that are likely to be essential for development. However, recent evidence supports the stimulating concept that in addition to their classical function as neuroblast guides, RG are neuronal precursors (Malatesta et al. Development 127:5253–5263, 2000; Miyata et al. Neuron 31:727–741, 2001; Noctor et al. Nature 409:714–720, 2001; Skogh et al. Mol Cell Neurosci 17:811–820, 2001). We propose that RG not only generate and guide newborn neurons, but could also instruct their own neuronal progeny to adopt appropriate region‐specific phenotypes. GLIA 43:47–51, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of hydroxyapatite in water, Hank's solution, and serum at physiological temperature
Authors: Yadav K. L. , Brown Paul W. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe influence of de‐ionzed water, Hank's saline solution, and bovine calf serum on formation of stoichiometric (Ca/P = 1.67) hydroxyapatite (SHAp) at physiological temperature was studied. SHAp formed in aqueous solution by acid–base reaction of particulate Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O and Ca4(PO4)2O. Hydroxyapatite formation is accompanied by an initial period of surface hydration of the precursors, an induction period, and a period during which the bulk of the conversion to hydroxyapatites occurs. The formation of SHAp occurred more rapidly in Hank's solution and distilled water than in serum. The formation of SHAp from these precursors is strongly inhibited by serum. There were two primary exothermal events associated with SHAp formation: initial heat evolution peak, which was associated with reactant dissolution, and the major heat evolution peak, which was associated with SHAp formation. The presence of the constitutents in serum depresses both. This is a result of serum macromolecules adsorbing onto the available surfaces regardless of whether they are reactants or products. Variations in heat evolution behavior, pH, and the times of disappearance of the reactants and appearance of SHAp correlate with one another. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 158–163, 2003.
Hydrogen embrittlement of Ni‐Ti superelastic alloy in fluoride solution
Authors: Yokoyama Ken'ichi , Kaneko Kazuyuki , Moriyama Keiji , Asaoka Kenzo , Sakai Jun'ichi , Nagumo Michihiko 
Published: May 2003

AbstractHydrogen embrittlement of Ni‐Ti superelastic alloy in a fluoride solution (0.2% APF) has been investigated by means of a tensile test (after immersion) and hydrogen thermal desorption analysis. Upon immersion, the tensile strength of the alloy decreased to the critical stress level of martensite transformation. Hydrogen desorption of the immersed specimens appeared with a peak at around 500°C. The amount of absorbed hydrogen in the alloy ranged from 100 to 1000 mass ppm when immersed in the fluoride solution for 2 to 24 h. The immersion in the fluoride solution led to the degradation of mechanical properties due to hydrogen embrittlement. The results of the present study imply that one reason that Ti and its alloys fracture in the oral cavity is the fact that hydrogen is absorbed in a fluoride solution, such as prophylactic agents. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 182–187, 2003
Fiber‐enriched double‐setting calcium phosphate bone cement
Authors: dos Santos Luís Alberto , Carrodéguas Raúl Garcia , Boschi Anselmo Ortega , Fonseca de Arruda Antônio Celso 
Published: May 2003

AbstractCalcium phosphate bone cements are useful in orthopedics and traumatology, their main advantages being their biocompatibility and bioactivity, which render bone tissue osteoconductive, providing in situ hardening and easy handling. However, their low mechanical strength, which, in the best of cases, is equal to the trabecular bone, and their very low toughness are disadvantages. Calcium phosphate cement compositions with mechanical properties more closely resembling those of human bone would broaden the range of applications, which is currently limited to sites subjected to low loads. This study investigated the influence of added polypropylene, nylon, and carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of double setting α‐tricalcium phosphate‐based cement, using calcium phosphate cement added to an in situ polymerizable acrylamide‐based system recently developed by the authors. Although the addition of fibers was found to reduce the compression strength of the double‐setting calcium phosphate cement because of increased porosity, it strongly increased the cement's toughness (JIC) and tensile strength. The composites developed in this work, therefore, have a potential application in shapes subjected to flexure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 244–250, 2003
Genipin‐crosslinked gelatin microspheres as a drug carrier for intramuscular administration: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Liang Huang‐Chien , Chang Wen‐Hsiang , Lin Ko‐Jung , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: May 2003

AbstractGelatin microspheres have been widely evaluated as a drug carrier. Nevertheless, gelatin dissolves rather rapidly in aqueous environments, making the use of the polymer difficult for the production of long‐term delivery systems. This adverse aspect requires the use of a crosslinking agent in forming nonsoluble networks in microspheres. However, the use of crosslinking agents such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde can lead to toxic side effects owing to residual crosslinkers. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a naturally occurring crosslinking agent (genipin) was used to crosslink gelatin microspheres as a biodegradable drug‐delivery system for intramuscular administration. Glutaraldehyde was used as a control. In the in vitro study, the morphology, dynamic swelling, and antienzymatic degradation of test microspheres were evaluated. In the in vivo study, the biocompatibility and degradability of test microspheres were implanted in the skeletal muscle of a rat model via intramuscular injection. The results obtained in the study suggested that crosslinking of gelatin microspheres with glutaraldehyde or genipin may produce distinct crosslinking structures. The water transport mechanism in both the glutaraldehyde‐ and genipin‐crosslinked gelatin microspheres exhibit anomalous behavior ranging from Fickian to Case‐II extremes. The increase of the swelling diameter for the genipin‐crosslinked microspheres was significantly less than that observed for the glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked microspheres. In the animal study, it was found that the degree in inflammatory reaction for tissues implanted with the genipin‐crosslinked microspheres was significantly less than that implanted with the glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked microspheres. Additionally, the degradation rate of the genipin‐crosslinked microspheres was significantly slower than their glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked counterparts. These results indicated that the genipin‐crosslinked gelatin microspheres may be used as a long‐acting drug carrier for intramuscular administration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 65A: 271–282, 2003