bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence reaction of lucigenin with isatin at a platinum electrode
Authors: Qi Honglan , Zhang Chengxiao 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) reaction of lucigenin with isatin was investigated at a platinum electrode in a neutral aqueous solution. The ECL intensity of lucigenin at −0.65 V was greatly enhanced by isatin, and the ECL intensity was about 50 times higher than that of lucigenin without isatin. The enhanced ECL was believed to be produced by the chemiluminescence reaction between reduced lucigenin and superoxide anion that was generated by the reaction of electrochemically reduced isatin with dissolved oxygen. The conditions for the determination of isatin were optimized. Under the optimized condition, the enhanced ECL intensity vs. isatin concentration was linear in the range 4.8 × 10−7−1.9 × 10−5 g/mL; with a detection limit of 3.3 × 10−8 g/mL, and the relative standard derivation 1.0 × 10−6 g/mL isatin was 3.8%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of sulphite using an immobilized enzyme with ﬂow injection chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Yaqoob M. , Nabi A. , Waseem A. , Masoom‐Yasinzai M. 
Published: February 2004

Abstract A ﬂow injection method is reported for the determination of sulphite‐based on chemiluminescent detection. Hydro‐gen peroxide is produced from sulphite using on‐line covalently bound immobilized sulphite oxidase packed in a mini‐column, which was mixed downstream and detected via cobalt(II)‐catalysed chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol. The limit of detection (2 × standard deviation of the blank) was 1 × 10−3 mmol/L with sample throughput 60 h−1. The calibration data was linear over the range of 0.2–1.0 mmol/L with relative standard deviation (n = 4) in the range 0.9–2.0%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of E. coli in beach water within 1 hour using immunomagnetic separation and ATP bioluminescence
Authors: Lee JiYoung , Deininger Rolf A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe contamination of beach waters occurs from the discharge of storm water and sanitary sewer overﬂows containing faecal material. Additional faecal material derives from discharge of animals and waterfowl. In order to protect public from exposure to faecal‐contaminated water, it is required to test enteric indicators in beach water. The problem is that the traditional culture‐based methods cannot meet this goal because it takes too long (>24 h), so the results are not available until a day later. A rapid method for testing beach water for Escherichia coli within 1 h has been developed. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and ATP bioluminescence were used for selective capture and quantiﬁcation, respectively. This rapid method was compared to the current method (m‐TEC) using beach water samples. The beach samples were preﬁltered with a 20 µm pore size ﬁlter in order to remove algae, plant debris and large particles. The results showed that the preﬁltration step did not trap the bacteria which were present in the original water samples. The preﬁltered water was then passed through a 0.45 µm pore size ﬁlter for concentration. The deposited bacteria were resuspended and then mixed with superparamagnetic polystyrene beads (diameter of 0.6 µm) that were coated with E. coli antibodies. After IMS, the quantiﬁcation of the E. coli was done by ATP bioluminescence. The results obtained with IMS‐ATP bioluminescence correlated well with the plate count method (Rsq = 0.93). The detection limit of the assay was about 20 CFU/100 mL, which is well below the US EPA limits for recreational water. The entire procedure can be completed in less than 1 hour. The necessary equipment is portable and was tested on‐site. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminol‐, isoluminol‐ and lucigenin‐enhanced chemiluminescence of rat blood phagocytes stimulated with different activators
Authors: Pavelkova Martina , Kubala Lukas 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLuminol‐, isoluminol‐ or lucigenin‐enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) was used to measure the production of reactive oxygen species by rat blood leukocytes. Opsonized zymosan (OZ), phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187 (Ca‐I) or N‐formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (fMLP) were used as activators. The CL signal of isolated blood leukocytes decreased in rank order of luminol > isoluminol > lucigenin. The kinetic proﬁles of luminol‐ and isoluminol‐enhanced CL were similar upon stimulation by each activator tested. The remarkably higher luminol and isoluminol CL responses were obtained after OZ stimulation when compared with other activators. However, when lucigenin was used, the PMA‐ and OZ‐stimulated CL were comparable. The presence of plasma increased OZ‐activated CL because of the enhanced phagocytosis of OZ. This was demonstrated by determining the phagocytosis of the ﬂuorescent OZ using a ﬂow cytometer. In contrast, the presence of plasma decreased PMA‐activated CL, due to the antioxidant properties of plasma as determined by the CL method. As far as whole blood is concerned, only OZ activated luminol‐enhanced CL was reliable. Blood volumes over 5 µL decreased CL activity due to the scavenging ability of erythrocytes. The results suggest that 0.5 µL whole blood is sufﬁcient for routine luminol‐enhanced CL analysis of whole blood oxidative burst in rats. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape and weight concern and self‐esteem as mediators of externalized self‐perception, dietary restraint and uncontrolled eating
Authors: Ross Melanie , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjective:This study investigated mediational processes by which variables may work together to increase the likelihood of dietary restraint and uncontrolled eating, guided by the framework suggested by the cognitive model.Method:Female university students aged between 18 and 25 years (N = 111) completed the Silencing the Self Scale, and measures of self‐esteem, weight concern, shape concern and dietary restraint, as well as a measure of uncontrolled eating.Results:Self‐esteem partially mediated the relationship between externalized self‐perception and a combined measure of weight and shape concern, which in turn fully mediated the relationship between self‐esteem and both dietary restraint and uncontrolled eating. Dietary restraint did not mediate the relationship between weight and shape concern and uncontrolled eating.Discussion:The results support the validity of the cognitive model of bulimia nervosa and are consistent with externalized self‐perception being an early risk factor for disturbed eating patterns, in line with earlier theorizing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Day clinic or inpatient care for severe bulimia nervosa?
Authors: Zeeck Almut , Herzog Thomas , Hartmann Armin 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjective:Treating severe eating disorders in a day treatment programme has advantages, but also limitations compared with inpatient settings. A day clinic can provide intense, specialized psychotherapy while patients stay in their social context.Method:The integrated treatment programme of the day clinic in Freiburg, which has a psychodynamic background, will be presented. In an exploratory study a group of consecutively treated bulimic patients (N = 18) was matched with an inpatient sample (N = 18) and examined concerning short‐term course. Symptomatology was evaluated again in a 1.5‐year follow‐up.Results:At discharge, 27.8 per cent of the day clinic patients and 33.3 per cent of the inpatients showed complete remission and 22.2 vs. 38.9 per cent partial remission—50 vs. 27.8 per cent still fulfilled DSM‐IV criteria for the last 4 weeks of treatment. At follow‐up, 50 per cent of the day clinic patients showed complete remission, 28.6 per cent partial remission and 21.4 per cent were still fully symptomatic. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Nocturnal eating: prevalence, features and night sleep among binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa patients in Israel
Authors: Tzischinsky O. , Latzer Y. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjective:Nocturnal Eating Syndrome (NES) is a rare clinical syndrome comprising both eating and sleeping disorders. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) have similar clinical features characterized by uncontrolled binge eating episodes. Nocturnal Eating Syndrome among BED and BN patients entails binge eating episodes after sleep onset. The aim of this study was to examine differences between BN and BED patients with respect to nocturnal sleep‐related eating disorders.Method:Twelve BED and 10 BN patients suffering from nocturnal binge eating were studied. All patients were monitored by the Actigraph for 1 week and completed the Mini‐Sleep Questionnaire in addition to providing demographic and clinical data.Results:The objective sleep monitoring presented no significant differences between BN and BED despite differences in demographic and clinical data.Discussion:To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation to compare BED and BN patients who suffered from nocturnal binge eating episodes. The results may represent a new subgroup of nocturnal sleep and eating disorders. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Drop‐out from inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa: can risk factors be identified at point of admission?
Authors: Surgenor Lois J. , Maguire Sarah , Beumont Pierre J. V. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDespite renewed interest in drop‐out from eating disorders treatment, few studies have investigated the issue in respect to the most expensive and intensive form of treatment, that is, inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). This study investigates whether risk of treatment drop‐out can be determined from information routinely collected at point of admission. Using information from a multi‐site database collected in Australia and New Zealand, demographic and clinical data at point of admission were collated for 213 inpatient treatment episodes. One in five admissions ended with the patient unilaterally deciding to leave treatment without clinician endorsement. A lower body mass index, AN purging subtype and active fluid restriction made significant independent contributions to this risk. Drop‐out remains a highly disruptive method of discharge and while there is utility in predicting those most at risk, few variables commonly collated by clinicians contribute to their identification. The implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating disorders in Scotland: needs assessment at a national level
Authors: Carter Harden , Millar Harry 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn Scotland, services for people with eating disorders are recognized to be limited and poorly developed. During 2001 the Scottish Mental Health and Well Being Group established a Short Life Working Group on Eating Disorders to provide a rapid overview of the scale of the problem and to outline a strategy for service developments. For Scotland, with total population of some 5 million, prevalence estimates suggest that some 1200 women aged 15 to 24 years suffer from anorexia nervosa, and around 4700 suffer from bulimia nervosa. Among young people aged 11 to 15 years an estimated 600 girls suffer from an eating disorder. The Short Life Working Group has outlined a five‐tiered model for service development. This has been incorporated into the National Mental Health Framework for Scotland as a model for NHS Boards to adopt in their future health strategies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Anorexia nervosa subtypes and the big five personality factors
Authors: Bollen Elke , Wojciechowski Franz Laurens 
Published: February 2004

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the relationship between the Big Five personality factors and anorexia nervosa and its subtypes.Method71 patients with anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype (AN‐R) and 29 patients with anorexia nervosa, binge‐eating/purging subtype (AN‐BP) filled in the NEO‐Five Factor Inventory. The results of the two AN groups were compared with each other, and with those of an historical control group (N = 1390).ResultsCompared to AN‐BP, AN‐R had significantly higher scores on the factors Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. While levels of Neuroticism were similar in AN‐R and AN‐BP, both had significantly higher scores on Neuroticism compared to the normal controls.DiscussionThe present results confirm that AN‐R and AN‐BP can be meaningfully distinguished, not only on basis of eating disorder symptoms, but also on basic personality variables. The high levels of general psychological distress and emotional instability in both subtypes of AN compared to normal controls, strongly suggest that the focus of treatment of AN should not be limited to disordered eating behaviours and cognitions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The impact of a motivational assessment interview on initial response to treatment in adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Gowers S. G. , Smyth B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis study was a pilot for a larger study to evaluate a time‐limited outpatient programme for adolescent anorexia nervosa, to explore the ability of an assessment interview to change self‐reported motivation and ascertain the extent to which this predicted engagement with treatment and early behavioural change. Forty‐two adolescents with anorexia nervosa rated their motivation for change before and after attending a new‐style assessment interview. Initial (6 week) effectiveness of the programme was evaluated by measuring engagement with treatment, weight change, clinician (HoNOSCA) and self‐rated (EDI, MFQ, HoNOSCA‐SR) outcome measures, overall and in relation to motivational status. The assessment interview significantly improved motivation. Motivational category after interview was unrelated to physical status, cognition or general functioning but predicted engagement with treatment. Whilst for the whole sample, treatment produced physical, cognitive and general improvements at 6 weeks, motivational status was a powerful predictor of weight gain. A client‐centred assessment interview engaged 80% in an outpatient programme based on CBT. Motivational enhancement may improve engagement and specifically result in behavioural change and early weight gain. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The prevalence of eating pathology and its relationship to knowledge of eating disorders among high school girls in Japan
Authors: Nishizono‐Maher Aya , Miyake Yuko , Nakane Akira 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe authors investigated for thinness and related eating pathology among high school girls in Japan in relation to their knowledge of eating disorders. In a Tokyo high school, the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 and the Child Depression Inventory were completed by girls aged 13–14 years (n = 243) and 15–16 years (n = 291), together with questionnaires on their knowledge of eating disorders. Japanese teenagers are comparable to Western college students in the distribution of the drive for thinness scores. Senior high school girls show a stronger drive for thinness but this is not closely related to their BMI. Among junior high school girls, the degree of thinness is related to a higher BMI. Subjects who have had personal contact with eating disordered patients have the highest drive for thinness. Both age and knowledge are related to school children's attitudes to eating disorders. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Reduced bone mineral density in bulimia as well as anorexia nervosa
Authors: Morris Jane , Tothill Peter , Gard Maisie , McPhail Karen , Hannan James , Cowen Stephen , Freeman Chris 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe conducted a case controlled study to examine bone mineral density (BMD) in 47 women with bulimia nervosa, 51 with anorexia nervosa, 45 women recovered from past eating disorders, and 40 healthy controls. Lumbar spine and whole body BMD were measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. In contrast with previous studies, we found that subjects with active bulimia nervosa, even with no previous history of anorexia, had lower whole body and lumbar spine BMD than controls, although higher than in anorexia. Non‐traumatic spinal fractures were detected in two anorexic subjects and two bulimic subjects, but none of the controls. Assessment of BMD should be considered in patients with severe bulimia as well as anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The effect of prenatal care on birthweight: a full‐information maximum likelihood approach
Authors: Rous Jeffrey J. , Jewell R. Todd , Brown Robert W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper uses a full‐information maximum likelihood estimation procedure, the Discrete Factor Method, to estimate the relationship between birthweight and prenatal care. This technique controls for the potential biases surrounding both the sample selection of the pregnancy‐resolution decision and the endogeneity of prenatal care. In addition, we use the actual number of prenatal care visits; other studies have normally measured prenatal care as the month care is initiated. We estimate a birthweight production function using 1993 data from the US state of Texas. The results underscore the importance of correcting for estimation problems. Specifically, a model that does not control for sample selection and endogeneity overestimates the benefit of an additional visit for women who have relatively few visits. This overestimation may indicate ‘positive fetal selection,’ i.e., women who did not abort may have healthier babies. Also, a model that does not control for self‐selection and endogenity predicts that past 17 visits, an additional visit leads to lower birthweight, while a model that corrects for these estimation problems predicts a positive effect for additional visits. This result shows the effect of mothers with less healthy fetuses making more prenatal care visits, known as ‘adverse selection’ in prenatal care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive decision analytical modelling in economic evaluation: a Bayesian approach
Authors: Cooper Nicola J. , Sutton Alex J. , Abrams Keith R. , Turner David , Wailoo Allan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDecision analytical models are widely used in economic evaluation of health care interventions with the objective of generating valuable information to assist health policy decision‐makers to allocate scarce health care resources efficiently. The whole decision modelling process can be summarised in four stages: (i) a systematic review of the relevant data (including meta‐analyses), (ii) estimation of all inputs into the model (including effectiveness, transition probabilities and costs), (iii) sensitivity analysis for data and model specifications, and (iv) evaluation of the model. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the individual components of decision modelling, outlined above, may be addressed simultaneously in one coherent Bayesian model (sometimes known as a comprehensive decision analytical model) and evaluated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in the specialist software WinBUGS. To illustrate the method described, it is applied to two illustrative examples:(1) The prophylactic use of neurominidase inhibitors for the prevention of influenza.(2) The use of taxanes for the second‐line treatment of advanced breast cancer.The advantages of integrating the four stages outlined into one comprehensive decision analytical model, compared to the conventional ‘two‐stage’ approach, are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Labor market costs of illness: prevalence matters
Authors: DeLeire Thomas , Manning Willard 
Published: February 2004

AbstractWe present a model of the labor market effects of health impairments. In particular, we describe several economic models in which health affects worker productivity and the demand for and supply of market labor services. These models provide a framework for estimating the social cost of prevalent health impairments – a necessary step in conducting cost–benefit analyses and in determining the cost‐effectiveness of potential health interventions from a broader social perspective. Our approach suggests that several measures used in the literature provide an incomplete and systematically biased assessment of the economic impact of health impairment or of the treatment of illness and impairment. The problem arises because of the reliance on an approximation at the firm level and from the bias from the neglect of the effect of impairment in shifting the labor market equilibrium. If the illness is prevalent, the effects on labor market equilibrium wage rates could be substantial. In addition, many analyses also ignore the effects of illness on producers' surplus. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of stated preference methods for estimating monetary values
Authors: Ryan Mandy 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of willingness to pay (WTP) estimates generated from a dichotomous choice (DC) contingent valuation experiment and a choice experiment (CE). The study was conducted with subjects undergoing assisted reproductive techniques in the Grampian area of Scotland. Subjects first completed a DC WTP questionnaire. They were sent a CE questionnaire two months later. Welfare estimates for the DC WTP study and CE were not significantly different. Important research questions are raised concerning the validity of the various approaches to estimating WTP. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of two strategies for mass screening for colorectal cancer in France
Authors: Berchi Célia , Bouvier Véronique , Réaud Jean‐Marie , Launoy Guy 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe implementation of colorectal cancer mass screening is a high public health priority in France, as in most other industrialised countries. Despite evidences that screening using guaiac fecal occult blood test may reduce colorectal cancer mortality, no European country has organised widespread mass screening with this test. The low sensitivity of this test constitutes its main limitation. Immunological tests, which provide higher sensitivity than the guaiac test, may constitute a satisfactory alternative. This study was carried out to compare the costs and the effectiveness of 20 years of biennial colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with an automated reading immunological test (Magstream) with those obtained with a guaiac stool test (Haemoccult).The model used to estimate the costs and effectiveness of successive biennial CRC screening campaigns was a transitional probabilistic model. The parameters used in this model concerning costs and CRC epidemiological data were calculated from results obtained in the screening program run in Calvados or from published results of foreign studies because of the lack of French studies.The use of Magstream for 20 years of biennial screening costs 59 euros more than Haemoccult per target individual, and should lead to a mean increase in individual life expectancy of 0.0198 years (i.e. about one week), which corresponds to an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of 2980 euros per years of life saved.Our results suggest that using an immunological test could increase the effectiveness of CRC screening at a reasonable cost for society. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.