bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar dysfunction is associated with overexpression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in lupus
Authors: Tomita Michiyo , Holman Brita J. , Williams Lee S. , Pang Kevin C.H. , Santoro Thomas J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology accompanied by central nervous system involvement in up to 60% of patients. The current study chronicles the expression of cerebellar dysfunction in SLE using MRL‐lpr/lpr mice as the experimental model. These mice spontaneously develop an illness that has immunological and clinical features of human lupus. We found that MRL‐lpr/lpr mice manifest severe and progressive behavioral disturbances indicative of cerebellar dysfunction beginning at 11 weeks of age. Although the lpr gene is known to induce autoimmune features, immunologically normal mice rendered congenic for lpr failed to exhibit disturbances in cerebellar function. Because lupus is a cytokine‐driven disease and overexpression of certain proinflammatory cytokines has been associated with neurodegeneration, the relationship between cerebellar dysfunction and cytokine gene expression was examined. Relative to immunologically normal CBA/J mice, the cerebellum of young (11–15 weeks of age) MRL‐lpr/lpr mice contained high levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and interferon‐γ (IFNγ) mRNA, which became even more pronounced in old (22–30 weeks of age) autoimmune mice. mRNA levels for the cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐10 were elevated in the cerebellum of old, but not young, MRL‐lpr/lpr mice relative to CBA/J. In contrast, the levels of cerebellar transcripts for IL‐3 and tumor necrosis factor‐α were comparable in autoimmune and normal mice, indicating that enhanced gene expression of IL‐6, IFNγ, IL‐1β, and IL‐10 was selective. These results suggest a potential role for certain proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cerebellar disturbances in SLE. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:26–33, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcellular distribution, calmodulin interaction, and mitochondrial association of the hyaluronan‐binding protein RHAMM in rat brain
Authors: Lynn B.D. , Turley E.A. , Nagy J.I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe CNS contains high levels of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, and neural cells express a variety of proteins that are members of the hyaladherin family of hyaluronan‐binding proteins. We have previously shown that the hyaladherin RHAMM (receptor for hyaluronan‐mediated motility; CD168) is expressed by neural cells in culture; plays a role in astrocyte motility, neurite migration, and axonal growth; and is widely distributed in neurons and oligodendrocytes of developing and adult rat CNS. Here we demonstrate differential localization of various forms of RHAMM in subcellular fractions of adult rat brain. Western blotting indicated the presence of 66, 75, and 85–90 kDa molecular weight RHAMM forms in whole‐brain homogenates. Subfractionation revealed enrichment of the 66 and 85–90 kDa forms in soluble fractions, whereas the 75 kDa form was enriched in mitochondrial fractions. This latter form was retained in osmotically shocked mitochondria, but was liberated by alkali carbonate, suggesting a nonintrinsic mitochondrial membrane association. By double immunohistochemical labeling for RHAMM and the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase, RHAMM was localized to isolated mitochondria in vitro and to neuronal mitochondria in vivo. Hyaluronan‐sepharose chromatography and cetylpiridinium chloride precipitation confirmed the hyaluronan‐binding capacity of RHAMM forms. By calmodulin‐affinity chromatography, endogenously expressed brain RHAMM was demonstrated to bind calmodulin in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. These results, together with reports of RHAMM association with actin and microtubules in other systems, suggest a role of RHAMM in calmodulin‐mediated cell signaling to cytoskeletal elements and/or mitochondria in the CNS and invoke novel functions of its interactions with hyaluronan. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:6–16, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain amino acid metabolism and ketosis
Authors: Yudkoff Marc , Daikhin Yevgeny , Nissim Ilana , Lazarow Adam , Nissim Itzhak 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relationship between ketosis and brain amino acid metabolism was studied in mice that consumed a ketogenic diet (>90% of calories as lipid). After 3 days on the diet the blood concentration of 3‐OH‐butyrate was ∼5 mmol/l (control = 0.06–0.1 mmol/l). In forebrain and cerebellum the concentration of 3‐OH‐butyrate was ∼10‐fold higher than control. Brain [citrate] and [lactate] were greater in the ketotic animals. The concentration of whole brain free coenzyme A was lower in ketotic mice. Brain [aspartate] was reduced in forebrain and cerebellum, but [glutamate] and [glutamine] were unchanged. When [15N]leucine was administered to follow N metabolism, this labeled amino acid accumulated to a greater extent in the blood and brain of ketotic mice. Total brain aspartate (14N + 15N) was reduced in the ketotic group. The [15N]aspartate/[15N]glutamate ratio was lower in ketotic animals, consistent with a shift in the equilibrium of the aspartate aminotransferase reaction away from aspartate. Label in [15N]GABA and total [15N]GABA was increased in ketotic animals. When the ketotic animals were injected with glucose, there was a partial blunting of ketoacidemia within 40 min as well as an increase of brain [aspartate], which was similar to control. When [U‐13C6]glucose was injected, the 13C label appeared rapidly in brain lactate and in amino acids. Label in brain [U‐13C3]lactate was greater in the ketotic group. The ratio of brain 13C‐amino acid/13C‐lactate, which reflects the fraction of amino acid carbon that is derived from glucose, was much lower in ketosis, indicating that another carbon source, i.e., ketone bodies, were precursor to aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and GABA. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:272–281, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changing careers: the effects of social context
Authors: Higgins Monica C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the social context in which career decisions are made. Results show that beyond individual‐level factors such as demographics and work history, individuals' decisions to change careers are socially embedded. Findings suggest that the greater the diversity of an individual's network of advisors, the greater the likelihood that an individual will change careers. In addition, this paper explores the mechanisms through which different subsets of advice relationships — instrumental versus psychosocial — affect the decision to change careers. Results show that the greater the diversity of an individual's set of instrumental relations, the greater the number of offers he or she receives during the job search process and, further, that the number of offers received is positively related to the likelihood of changing careers. The diversity of an individual's set of psychosocial relations was related to his or her confidence to overcome career obstacles. However, confidence was not, in turn, related to career change, counter to expectations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shared cognition in top management teams: implications for new venture performance
Authors: Ensley Michael D. , Pearce Craig L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a study of two samples of new venture top management teams from the inc. 500. The research poses that shared strategic cognition is the outcome of group processes that occur during the development of strategy. Shared cognition in top management teams (TMTs) is the extent to which those mental models about strategy are shared. A theoretical frame is developed that links shared strategic cognition to group process and new venture performance. The results indicate that the group processes leading to the development of shared strategic cognition are more important than the outcome of shared strategic cognition in terms of predicting organizational performance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the amount of low clouds in Estonia (1955–1995)
Authors: Keevallik Sirje , Russak Viivi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on data from 16 meteorological stations, trends in the amount of low clouds in Estonia have been investigated for the period 1955–1995. Analysis shows that the amount of low clouds has increased in March at all stations, in June at 12 stations and in September at eight stations. The amount of low clouds has decreased in May at seven stations and in October at five stations. Only trends that are significant at at least the 0.1 level were taken into account. Regression analysis shows that the increase in the amount of low clouds in March can be ascribed to changes in the frequencies of occurrence of European circulation patterns and/or to an increase in the amount of low clouds within the zonal circulation. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
Sensitivity of the southern African circulation to dipole sea‐surface temperature patterns in the south Indian Ocean
Authors: Reason C. J. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious observational work suggests that when sea‐surface temperature (SST) is warm (cool) in the southwest Indian Ocean and cool (warm) in the southeast Indian Ocean, increased (decreased) summer rains may occur over large areas of southeastern Africa. In this study, an atmospheric general circulation model is used to investigate the sensitivity of the regional circulation and rainfall over southern Africa to these dipole SST anomalies in the subtropical south Indian Ocean. When the model is forced with positive SST anomalies in the west and negative SST anomalies in the east, increased rainfall occurs over southeastern Africa as a result of the enhanced convergence of moister than average air over the region. Enhanced evaporation occurs over the warm pole in the southwest Indian Ocean and this moist air is advected towards southeastern Africa as a result of the low‐pressure anomaly generated over this pole, which strengthens the onshore flow. Increased and more intense extra‐tropical cyclones occur to the southeast of South Africa, favourable for tropical–temperate trough formation. When the SST poles are reversed in sign, decreased precipitation occurs over southeastern Africa as a result of increased low‐level divergence of low‐level flow and this flow being drier than average. Weaker and fewer extra‐tropical cyclones occur southeast of South Africa in this case.The model results are sensitive to the proximity of the southwest Indian Ocean pole to southeastern Africa. There is also sensitivity in the model low‐level wind changes and precipitation anomaly over low‐latitude southern Africa (but not over South Africa to any significant extent) to the presence or absence of the SST pole over the southeast Indian Ocean. Although the model resolution does not capture the details of the local SST and topographic gradients as well as one would like, the changes in model circulation and precipitation in the experiments with different SST anomalies are consistent with previous observational and theoretical work, hence increasing confidence in the robustness of the results. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Climatic implications of loess deposits from the Beijing region
Authors: Xiong Shangfa , Ding Zhongli , Liu Tungsheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVariations in magnetostratigraphy, pedostratigraphy, grain size and magnetic susceptibility of the loess deposits near Beijing have been studied at two sections. The sections are about 400 km east of the main loess deposits in China, have a maximum thickness of 100 m and extend back to 1.1 Ma. The sequence consists of 14 loess–palaeosol couplets (S0‐S14), which correlate well with sequences in the Loess Plateau. Susceptibility records from the sites near Beijing are comparable to the Xifeng, Luochuan and Baoji sections located in the middle part of the Loess Plateau; however, the down‐core variations in the grain size in the Upper Lishi Formation exhibit some differences. The median grain size increases by about 25–30 µm from L4 to L2, with the sandy grains (>63 µm) increasing from 10–20 wt% to 40–50 wt% . This implies that the depositional environment of the dust sources in the Beijing loess section is different in some aspects from the Loess Plateau. The Beijing loess may have had a different dust source than the Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assignment of the Raman‐active modes of the antitumor agent azathioprine by normal‐mode calculations
Authors: Vivoni Alberto , Chen Shi‐Ping , Qiao Zhuanhong , Hosten Charles M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAzathioprine is a slow‐release prodrug of 6‐mercaptopurine and an established clinical agent for the treatment of human leukemias and other immunologically mediated diseases. The Raman spectra (1600–600 cm−1) of solid and solution azathiopurine were recorded and are presented along with results from normal‐mode calculations. The band assignments were derived from semi‐empirical and ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The ab initio calculations were performed with the restricted Hartree–Fock method and the semi‐empirical methods utilized the AM1, PM3 and MNDO‐d methods. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra of R(PO3)3 metaphosphates (R = Ga, In, Y, Sm, Gd, Dy)
Authors: Ilieva Dora , Kovacheva Daniela , Petkov Christo , Bogachev Georgi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of R(PO3)3 (R = Ga, In, Y, Sm, Gd, Dy) metaphosphate crystals representing four different structural types were prepared and their vibrational spectra recorded. The distribution of internal and external chain modes was obtained taking into account the configuration (site symmetry) of the polyphosphate anions in the corresponding structures. The spectra presented reveal that the P—O− force constants are very sensitive to both the coordination of oxygen atoms and POP bond angles. The spectra of crystalline R(PO3)3 were compared with data for glassy metaphosphates. It was found that decreasing the size of R(III) cation leads to different structural effects in glasses and crystals of the same composition. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sodium selenate fertilisation increases selenium accumulation and decreases glucosinolate concentration in rapid‐cycling Brassica oleracea
Authors: Charron Craig S , Kopsell Dean A , Randle William M , Sams Carl E 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGlucosinolates (GSs) are S‐containing compounds found in Brassica species and whose degradation products may provide protection against cancer. Sulphoraphane, a product of 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl GS degradation, is a particularly potent inhibitor of anticarcinogenic detoxification enzymes. Selenium also has anticancer properties, and consumption of plants containing Se may be an effective way to increase dietary Se. Since plant uptake of Se and S is competitive, GS synthesis may be affected by Se fertilisation. The objective of this study was to determine how Se fertilisation of rapid‐cycling B oleracea would affect Se and GS concentrations. Plants were grown in hydroponic solutions containing 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 6.0, 7.2 or 9.0 mg l−1 Na2SeO4. Mineral and glucosinolate concentrations were measured in shoots harvested just before anthesis. Total GSs decreased from 5.84 µmol g−1 (0.0 mg l−1 Na2SeO4) to 1.90 µmol g−1 (9.0 mg l−1Na2SeO4). Levels of 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl GS decreased 90% when Na2SeO4 fertilisation was increased from 0 to 1 mg l−1, and remained low at higher Na2SeO4 concentrations. Shoot Se concentration was undetectable at 0.0 mg l−1 Na2SeO4 and increased significantly with Na2SeO4 fertilisation. Although B oleracea may not simultaneously deliver high levels of dietary 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl GS and Se, levels of other GSs with anticarcinogenic benefits may be beneficial even with Se fertilisation.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Detection of anthocyanins from elderberry juice in human urine
Authors: Murkovic Michael , Mülleder Ursula , Adam Ulrike , Pfannhauser Werner 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnthocyanins are not only known because of their colouring properties but also for their strong antioxidative capacity. This study shows that anthocyanins from elderberry (Sambucus nigra) are excreted in human urine in low but detectable amounts. The total excreted amount after oral uptake of 500 mg of anthocyanins was between 5 and 14 µg when spray‐dried elderberry juice was ingested without any other nutrients except water. Additionally, within the small group of seven persons studied, two subgroups could be identified that showed significant differences in the excretion kinetics of the cyanidin derivatives. Within 1 h the first anthocyanins were excreted, with a maximum after 3–4 h and a decrease thereafter. The results indicate that anthocyanins from elderberry are incorporated and excreted in urine in their intact glycosidic forms.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of selenium spraying on green tea quality
Authors: Hu Qiuhui , Xu Jaun , Pan Genxing 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis research was conducted to determine the effects of different selenium treatments on the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea harvested in the summer tea‐producing season. Green tea was produced from fresh tea leaves sprayed with sodium selenite or organically bound selenium solution. The results showed that the sweetness and aroma of green tea extracts were significantly increased and the astringent taste and bitterness were significantly reduced by selenium spraying during the summer tea‐producing season. Significant differences in astringent taste, bitterness and sweetness of green tea extracts were found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. The total amino acid and vitamin C contents of green tea were significantly increased and the ratio of polyphenols and amino acids was significantly decreased by selenium spraying. The vitamin C content of green tea during storage was more stable as a result of selenium treatment. No significant difference was found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. These results demonstrate that the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea were significantly improved by selenium spraying.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical coherence tomography monitoring for laser surgery of laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Shakhov Andrey V. , Terentjeva Anna B. , Kamensky Vladislav A. , Snopova Ludmila B. , Gelikonov Valentin M. , Feldchtein Felix I. , Sergeev Aleksandr M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to apply a new bioimaging modality, the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), for intraoperative control in laser surgery of laryngeal carcinoma.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe studied 26 patients with laryngeal carcinoma in situ and in T1, T2 stage. We used an endoscopic OCT device for imaging at a wavelength of 0.83 μm with the acquisition rate of approximately 0.5 frames/s for a single (200 × 200 pixel) tomogram. All patients were operated with a surgical YAG:Nd laser at two switchable wavelengths of 1.44 μm and 1.32 μm by laryngofissure, direct microlaryngoscopy, and fibrolaryngoscopy.ResultsInformation on structural alterations in laryngeal mucosa to the depth of 2 mm, obtained by OCT, makes it possible to precisely locate tumor borders, thus giving an opportunity to control the surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. The YAG:Nd laser scalpel with wavelengths of 1.32 μm and 1.44 μm is successful in surgical procedures both in open and closed larynx due to efficient coagulation and minimization of collateral tissue damage area. Combination of the two wavelengths in the single laser unit and intraoperative OCT monitoring result is a new modality for minimally invasive larynx surgery.ConclusionsOCT is promising to become a new diagnosing method of laryngeal carcinoma and a tool for laser treatment monitoring. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;77:253–258. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrosarcoma in pediatric patients: Results of the Italian Cooperative Group studies (1979–1995)
Authors: Cecchetto Giovanni , Carli Modesto , Alaggio Rita , Dall'Igna Patrizia , Bisogno Gianni , Scarzello Giovanni , Zanetti Ilaria , Durante Gianfranco , Inserra Alessandro , Siracusa Fortunato , Guglielmi Maurizio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFibrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that has two peaks of incidence in pediatric patients: one in infants and young childern (infantile fibrosarcoma), another in older children (“adult type” fibrosarcoma). The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and the treatment results in patients affected by fibrosarcoma enrolled in two consecutive studies run by the STS‐Italian Cooperative Group (ICG) between 1979 and 1995.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐five evaluable patients were grouped according the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma staging (IRS) system: 12 Gr I, 5 Gr II, 8 Gr III. The cut‐off point between the two forms was considered the age of 2 years: 14 patients were affected by infantile and 11 by adult type of fibrosarcoma. The therapeutic guidelines were not strict and not different for the two forms: patients with initial macroscopic excision (Gr I–II) were given IVA or VAC; Gr III had VAC or VAIA and subsequent excision, if feasible. Radiation therapy (RT) was delivered in patients > 3 years with microscopic (42 Gy) and macroscopic (54 Gy) residuals.ResultsThirteen patients are alive without evidence of disease: 10 in first complete remission (CR), 7 Gr I, 1 Gr II, 2 Gr III, 3 in second CR after local relapse (LR) (2 Gr I, 1 Gr II). Two Gr I patients are alive with metastatic relapse. Nine patients died: six of progressive disease (PD) (three Gr II, three Gr III), two because of a second tumor (one Gr I, one Gr III) and one because of other causes (Gr III). One Gr III patient was lost at follow up, 2 years from diagnosis. The 10 years overall survival (OS) is 67.4% and the progression‐free survival (PFS) is 52.2%. The OS for patients < 2 years is 78.6% (11 of 14), versus 51% for patients > 2 years (5 of 11).ConclusionsThe complete excision at diagnosis was the treatment of choice and was related to the best outcome. Microscopical residuals were difficult to treat with chemo‐radiotherapy in both forms of fibrosarcoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) obtained a partial remission (PR) only in three of eight cases, while no conclusions concerning the efficacy of CT for infantile forms are possible. Patients < 2 years had a better outcome than the older ones: most of them had a tumor on extremities which was excised at diagnosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:225–231. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.