bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of netobimin against Muellerius capillaris and resistant strain of digestive tract strongyles in dairy goats
Authors: Cabaret Jacques 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The efficacy of netobimin against digestive tract strongyles and the small lungworm Muellerius capillaris was tested in a dairy goat herd. The drenches were given orally at the rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight once, 10 mg/kg on 2 successive days, or 7.5 mg/kg on 3 successive days. Fecal egg counts and larval counts were done 8 days before and on the day of drenching; further counts were performed on postdrenching days 8 and 18. Two goats were necropsied, 1 on postdrenching day 5 and 1 on day 10 in the group treated on 3 successive days. The fecal egg counts were reduced by 44 to 79% depending on dosage on postdrenching day 18; the remaining worms were Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The larval counts of M capillaris were reduced by 72 to 92%, depending on dose. The reduction was significant in all the treated groups, compared with that in the control group. The use of netobimin at the dosage of 10 mg/kg given on 2 successive days or 7.5 mg/kg given on 3 successive days might be recommended to treat goats infected with Muellerius spp and digestive tract strongyles.
Functional analysis of ectopic parathyroid activity in cats
Authors: Flanders J. A. , Neth S. , Erb H. N. , Kallfelz F. A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The ability of ectopic parathyroid tissue to support calcium homeostasis was evaluated by measuring serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, albumin, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone before and for 12 weeks after bilateral thyroparathyroidectomy in 14 cats. During the immediate postoperative period, significant decrease was observed in serum calcium, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone (pth) concentrations. Serum pth concentration remained subnormal and did not significantly increase during the 12-week observation period. Despite persistent hypoparathyroidism, serum calcium and magnesium concentrations gradually increased. Ectopic parathyroid tissue is not capable of maintaining normal serum calcium concentration immediately after thyroparathyroidectomy. Serum calcium concentration gradually normalizes after thyroparathyroidectomy, apparently by means of a pth-independent mechanism.
Interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae membranes with porcine lymphocytes
Authors: Messier Serge , Ross Richard F. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Nonspecific mitogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae membranes for blood lymphocytes (bl) and bronchial lymph node lymphocytes (lnl) from swine was investigated. Additionally, the influence of respiratory tract exposure to the same membrane preparation on responsiveness of these cells was evaluated. Membranes utilized in lymphocyte transformation tests and for inoculation of swine were prepared by osmotic lysis of mycoplasma cells. Conventionally reared and cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived swine were given membranes intratracheally and responses of bl and lnl to membranes were assessed from postinoculation day 0 to 14. Utilizing a stimulation index of 3 as the cutoff, heated (56 C) M hyopneumoniae membranes exerted moderate nonspecific stimulation of bl 11 of 12 times when bl were collected from normal (control or preinoculation) swine. Similarly, lnl from conventionally reared and control groups of swine were stimulated nonspecifically 4 of 6 times by the same membrane preparations. Exposure of the respiratory tract to membranes appeared to have no influence on stimulation responses of bl at postinoculation days 6 or 13, whereas moderate to marked increases in responsiveness of lnl were detected when collected at necropsy on postinoculation days 7 or 14. These findings indicated that compartmentalization of lymphocyte sensitization in the bronchial lymph nodes resulted from respiratory tract exposure to mycoplasmal membranes. Results obtained confirm that M hyopneumoniae has a moderate nonspecific stimulatory effect on porcine lymphocytes. Nonspecific mitogenicity of M hyopneumoniae on lymphocytes, resulting in altered immune system function, may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine.
Pulmonary particle deposition and airway mucociliary clearance in cold-exposed calves
Authors: Diesel Donald A. , Lebel Jack L. , Tucker Alan 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Effect of cold-induced changes in respiratory pattern on pulmonary particle deposition was investigated in 10 male Holstein calves between the ages of 1 and 3 months. Deposition of intranasally instilled fluorescence-enhanced Pasteurella haemolytica was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for cold-exposed calves and appears to be caused by the cold-induced respiratory pattern change. Deposition was greater in apical and mediastinal lung lobes, but the reason for this preferential deposition is uncertain. Nasal mucus velocity was measured in 4 nonanesthetized calves at ambient temperatures of 2 to 4 C and 16 to 18 C, using tantalum-paraffin oil droplets and serial radiography. Nasal mucus velocity was 24% lower during cold exposure. In addition, the effect of mucosal temperature on tracheal mucus velocity was determined in excised tracheas from 7 calves. A direct relationship existed between mucosal temperature and tracheal mucus velocity within the mucosal temperature range studied (35.0 to 39.5 C). Tracheal air temperature measurements in calves at ambient temperatures of −10.4 C (n = 4) and 18.5 C (n = 5) indicated that conditioning of inspired air is not complete at the tracheal level during extreme cold exposure. Therefore, cold air may directly influence tracheal mucociliary clearance. It is speculated that cold exposure increases pulmonary deposition of pathogens, while simultaneously decreasing mucociliary clearance of the upper airways, thus predisposing cold-exposed calves to respiratory tract infection.
Histopathologic features, environmental factors, and serum estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin values associated with ovarian phase and inflammatory uterine disease in cats
Authors: Lawler Dennis F. , Evans Richard H. , Reimers Thomas J. , Colby Emerson D. , Monti Katherine L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Forty-four female American Shorthair cats with inflammatory uterine disease or infertility were evaluated. Data collected included age, month of diagnosis, housing, reproductive history, results of bacteriologic culture of uterine specimens, serum concentrations of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin and histopathologic features of the ovaries and uterus.
Histologically, the ovaries of 19 cats were dominated by active or cystic follicles, whereas 25 cats had luteal-phase ovaries. Of the 25 cats with active corpora lutea, 20 had either recently weaned litters (n = 11) without subsequent exposure to a male cat, or had been housed individually for lengthy periods (n = 9). The finding of active corpora lutea under these circumstances indicates that in queens, ovulation may occur by mechanisms not involving coitus.
Prominent, active corpora lutea on the ovaries were associated with adenomatotic proliferative changes in the superficial and glandular epithelium of the uterus and with myometrial hyperplasia, compared with the uterus of cats with follicular ovaries (P < 0.01).
Serum progesterone concentration ≥ 1.87 ng/ml was consistently associated with luteal-phase ovaries. Serum progesterone values ≤ 0.15 ng/ml were consistently associated with follicular-phase ovaries.
Escherichia coli was the organism most commonly isolated from uterine contents.
Evidence of genome segment 5 reassortment in bluetongue virus field isolates
Authors: de Mattos Cecilia C. P. , de Mattos Carlos A. , Osburn Bennie I. , Ianconescu Marius , Kaufman Rosalia 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A recombinant cdna probe from genome segment 5 obtained from a virulent US bluetongue virus strain (btv-11 strain UC8) was hybridized to US and Israeli btv prototypes and field isolates. The cloned genetic probe hybridized with US btv prototype 10, but not with US prototypes 2, 11, 13, and 17; with the avirulent btv-11 strain UC2; and with the Israeli prototype 10. When the probe was hybridized to field isolates from the US serotypes, it hybridized to 12 of 14 btv-10 isolates and 4 of 17 btv-11 samples, but not to the btv-13 and btv-17 samples tested. Hybridization was not observed with the Israeli field isolates studied. Results indicate that a reassortant event occurred between a strain of US btv-10 and US btv-11 that originated the btv-11 strain UC8.
Effect of time of cisplatin administration on its toxicity and pharmacokinetics in dogs
Authors: Hardie Elizabeth M. , Page Rodney L. , Williams Patrick L. , Fischer W. D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cisplatin (90 mg/m2) was administered in a 5-minute bolus iv infusion to dogs at 8 am (n = 6) or 4 pm (n = 6). Blood and urine samples were collected over a 4-hour period for statistical moment pharmacokinetic analysis. Mean urinary excretion rate of total platinum was increased, whereas mean plasma residence time of ultrafilterable platinum was decreased, in the group treated at 4 pm (pm group), compared with those treated at 8 am (am group). Over a 2-week postinfusion-monitoring period, both groups of dogs developed decreases in creatinine clearance, urine/serum osmolality ratio (UOsm/SOsm), specific gravity, and increase in bun, serum creatinine concentration, urine γ-glutamyltranspeptidase/urine creatinine ratio (UGGT/UCr), fractional excretion of magnesium, and fractional excretion of phosphate. Urine specific gravity and UOsm/SOsm were significantly decreased, whereas UGGT/UCr and bun were significantly increased in the am group, compared with the pm group. The time of administration had a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin, which resulted in significant differences in cisplatin-induced renal toxicosis.
Atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in dogs with congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, and hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Vollmar Angelika M. , Reusch Claudia , Kraft Wilfried , Schulz Rüdiger 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The function of atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) is claimed to be control of salt and water homeostasis, and thus, the hormone may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain diseases with impaired volume regulation. We, therefore, studied plasma anp concentration in dogs with chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure, and hyperadrenocorticism. Dogs with chronic renal failure had twofold higher plasma anp concentration (16.2 ± 5.8 fmol/ml), compared with healthy dogs (8.3 ± 3.5 fmol/ml). An even more distinct increase (sixfold) of plasma anp concentration was found in dogs with congestive heart failure (52.9 ± 29.7 fmol/ml). In contrast, dogs with hyperadrenocorticism did not have high anp plasma concentration (5.5 ± 2.0 fmol/ml). High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of plasma from dogs with congestive heart failure indicated that, in addition to the normal circulating form of anp (99-126), the unprocessed precursor anp (1-126) is detectable in the circulation. These qualitative and quantitative alterations of plasma anp concentration in dogs further suggest involvement of this peptide in the development and/or maintenance of diseases associated with impaired volume regulation.
Thermodilution estimation of cardiac output at high flows in anesthetized horses
Authors: Dunlop C.I. , Hodgson D. S. , Chapman P. L. , Grandy J. L. , Waldron R. D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to compare the thermodilution technique for estimation of cardiac output with the indocyanine green dye dilution technique at flows between 10 and 39 L/min in halothane-anesthetized horses. The estimation of area of dye dilution cardiac output curves was made by using the fore-’n-aft (fa) triangle method. This shorthand technique was compared with logarithmic exponential extrapolation and summation (extrapolated area), using 64 cardiac output curves. Then, 256 simultaneous thermodilution measurements were compared with dye dilution measurements calculated by use of the fa technique. Forty milliliters of iced 0.9% NaCl solution containing 15 mg of indocyanine green dye was used as the indicator. This was delivered in < 1 second to the right atrium, using a power injector. A thermistor positioned in the pulmonary artery detected the thermal indicator. Blood was withdrawn from the carotid artery through a densitometer cuvette to measure the dye concentration. The fa estimations of area were higher than those determined by use of extrapolated area. A multiplicative adjustment of 0.837 was estimated. On average, thermodilution estimates of cardiac output exceeded the adjusted fa determinations. Using a weighted linear regression, we determined the following calibration adjustment: thermal dilution cardiac output/1.048 = indocyanine green dye dilution cardiac output.
Relationship between urine ammonium ion excretion and urine anion gap in dogs
Authors: Shaw Darcy H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Acidemia stimulates renal ammonia production and excretion. This adaptive response allows increased H+ secretion and generation of new bicarbonate. To determine whether a relationship existed between urine ammonium (NH4+) concentration and excretion and urine anion gap (Na+ + K+ − Cl−), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was administered per os for 5 days to induce systemic acidemia in 12 healthy Beagles. During NH4C1 administration, a strong, statistically significant (P < 0.0001) relationship was apparent between urine NH4+ concentration measured in millimoles per liter and urine anion gap.
Regression equation: urine [NH4+] = 8.2 − 0.416 × urine anion gap; r = −0.897.
A statistically significant (P = 0.0001) relationship existed between urine NH4+ excretion measured in millimoles per kilogram of body weight per day and urine anion gap.
Regression equation: urine NH4+ excretion = 0.74 − 0.38 × urine anion gap; r = −0.768.
As urine NH4+ concentration or excretion increased, urine anion gap became more negative. Before NH4Cl administration (no systemic acidemia), a weak, but statistically significant (P = 0.015) relationship was observed between urine NH4+ concentration and urine anion gap.
Regression equation: urine [NH4+] = 65.2 − 0.141 × urine anion gap; r = −0.41.
However, a relationship was not evident between urine NH4+ excretion and urine anion gap before NH4Cl administration. Hence, urine anion gap is a reliable index of urine NH4+ concentration and excretion only in dogs with metabolic acidosis. In human beings with distal renal tubular acidosis, NH4+ excretion is inappropriately low and results in a positive urine anion gap. Therefore, as a reliable index of NH4+ excretion, urine anion gap may represent an easy and rapid method to aid in the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis in dogs.
Characterization and comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities and outer membrane protein and plasmid DNA profiles of Pasteurella haemolytica and certain other members of the genus Pasteurella
Authors: Rossmanith Sara Edna Rowe , Wilt G. R. , Wu Gin 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The outer membrane protein (omp), plasmid, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes 1 through 12, a bovine isolate of P multocida, a chicken isolate of P multocida, and an unidentified Pasteurella species of bovine origin were examined. Isolates of P haemolytica serotypes belonging to the same biotype possessed similar omp profiles. Biotype A isolates contained 2 prominent omp of 43 kilodaltons (kD) and 29 kD, whereas biotype-T serotypes contained 3 major omp of 43, 36, and 25 kD. The major omp profiles of the 2 P multocida isolates and the unidentified Pasteurella species were different from each other and from P haemolytica isolates. Plasmid dna screening indicated both plasmid-containing and plasmid-free P haemolytica and P multocida isolates. Multiple drug resistance was found in pasteurellae isolates with and without plasmids. However, a relationship between drug resistance and plasmid isolation was found in 3 of 4 P haemolytica serotype 1 field isolates, all of which contained a 2.51-megadalton plasmid and had multiple drug resistance for benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline.
Safety and efficacy of an attenuated strain of Salmonella choleraesuis for vaccination of swine
Authors: Kramer Ted T. , Roof Michael B. , Matheson Robert R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of a live Salmonella choleraesuis immunizing strain, obtained by repeated ingestion and recovery through porcine neutrophils. The strain was tested in mice and in pigs. The vaccine was safe and effective in controlled experimental trials, using clinical, pathologic, and microbiologic criteria. Vaccinated pigs were able to maintain normal weight gains during the 4-week observation period following challenge inoculation with a high dose of a virulent strain.
Serotype, hemolysin production, and adherence characteristics of strains of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in dogs
Authors: Senior David F. , deMan Peter , Svanborg Catharina 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Virulence factors were studied in 82 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the urine of dogs with urinary tract infections. The most frequently expressed O antigens were 2, 4, 6, 25, and 22/83. Most strains were K nontypeable. Mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (msh) with canine erythrocytes was observed in 71 strains and mannose-resistant hemagglutination (mrh) was observed in 32 strains. Strains that caused msh of erythrocytes from dogs also caused msh of erythrocytes from guinea pigs. Most strains that caused mrh of human A1p1 erythrocytes also reacted with erythrocytes of dogs.
Of 22 strains (27%)_that agglutinated human A1P1 erythrocytes, but not A1P1 erythrocytes, 17 (77%) had specificity for globo A, but did not react with the galactose α1→4galactoseβ disaccharide receptor. The remaining 5 strains and 2 others that simultaneously expressed an X adhesin agglutinated galactose α1→4galactoseβ-coated latex beads.
Bacterial adherence to canine uroepithelial cells from the bladder was most often observed in strains expressing msh, less often observed in strains expressing mrh, and least often observed in strains that failed to induce hemagglutination. Adherence of msh strains to canine uroepithelial cells was inhibited by α-methyl-D-mannoside. As a group, mrh strains expressing globo-A-and galactose α1→4galactoseβ-specific adhesins did not have strong adherence.
Strains of E coli isolated from dogs with urinaiy tract infections most commonly expressed type-1 fimbriae, and the main mechanism of in vitro adherence to canine uroepithelial cells involved a mannose-sensitive mechanism. Overrepresentation of globo-A-specific adhesins did not appear to be related to adherence of canine uroepithelial cells.
Bioavailability of two ibuprofen oral paste formulations in fed or nonfed ponies
Authors: Vandenbossche Geert M. R. , Bouckaert Stefan , De Muynck Christian , Mommens Guy , Van Zeveren Alex , Reman Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was studied in healthy Shetland ponies. Ibuprofen was administered iv, as a suspension, and as a solid solution oral paste to ponies from which food was withheld. The suspension paste was also administered to ponies that received hay and water ad libitum. Both formulations had an absolute bioavailability of about 80%. Bioavailability was not influenced by feeding.
Safety study of a beef-based chewable tablet formulation of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate in growing dogs, pups, and breeding adult dogs
Authors: Clark J. N. , Pulliam J. D. , Daurio C. P. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To determine the safety of a new combination of ivermectin and pyrantel (as pamoate salt) in a novel beef-based chewable tablet formulation, 3 tolerance trials were conducted and included growing dogs, pups, and breeding adult dogs. Growing dogs, given the combination orally for 5 consecutive days at recommended dosages (5 mg of pyrantel/kg of body weight, 6 μg of ivermectin/kg) or at twice the pyrantel dosage in combination with the recommended dosage of ivermectin, had no adverse effects. The combination also was administered to 6-week-old pups at 1, 3, and 5 times the recommended dose on 3 successive days for 3 times in 1 month. Compared with age-matched controls, treatment had no effect on clinical status, growth rate, or gross or histologic features. Breeding male and female dogs given the combination at 3 times the recommended dose for extended periods had no adverse effects, and prevalence of abnormalities in the offspring was not greater than that in nonmedicated controls.
Abomasal erosions in feedlot cattle
Authors: Jensen Rue , Spraker Terry R. , Glock Robert D. , Jones Robert L. , Collins J. K. , Flack Duane E. , Kerschen Robert , Hoff R. L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The abomasa of 1,949 slaughtered feedlot cattle, 45 necropsied feedlot cattle that died 2 to 45 days after arrival, and 45 necropsied pastured cattle were opened and examined. Of these organs, 484,1, and none, respectively, contained erosions. The slaughtered cattle were fattened at 3 locations: 1,305 with 430 eroded abomasa were fed a ration of corn in northeastern Colorado; 144 cattle with 4 affected abomasa fed a ration of milo in south-central Arizona; and 500 cattle with 50 affected abomasa fed a ration of milo and corn in northwestern Texas. The red-brown lesions developed late during the second semester of fattening and were located mostly on fundic folds. Those on fold edges were linear and were 2 to 15 cm long, whereas those on fold sides were punctate and were 2 to 15 mm in diameter. Normal fold edges contained fewer goblet cells and less surface mucus than did fold sides. Eroded folds had disruption of surface epithelium, damage to endothelial cells, and dilated, thrombosed, congested, and ruptured capillaries. Mean pH values of 16 normal and 17 eroded abomasa were 4.7 and 3.9, respectively. Necrosis of all tissue toward the mucosal surface of erosions was extensive. The cause of gastric erosion in cattle is not known.