bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the interferon‐γ–induced T cell–attracting chemokines, interferon‐γ–inducible 10‐kd protein (CXCL10) and monokine induced by interferon‐γ (CXCL9), in the salivary gland lesions of patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Ogawa Noriyoshi , Ping Li , Zhenjun Li , Takada Yukiko , Sugai Susumu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate the mechanism of the development of T cell infiltrates in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), we studied T cell–attracting chemokines and their receptors.MethodsThe expression of the T cell–attracting chemokines, interferon‐γ (IFNγ)–inducible 10‐kd protein (IP‐10; also called CXCL10), monokine induced by IFNγ (Mig; also called CXCL9), and stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF‐1; also called CXCL12), in salivary glands from SS patients was investigated by polymerase chain reaction–enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells that produce chemokines and lymphocytes that express chemokine receptors were identified by immunohistochemistry. The production of IP‐10 and Mig proteins by salivary epithelial cells in response to IFNγ was determined by ELISA.ResultsExpression of IP‐10 and Mig messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly up‐regulated in SS salivary glands compared with normal salivary glands (both P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in SDF‐1 mRNA expression between the SS and normal salivary glands. IP‐10 and Mig proteins were predominantly expressed in the ductal epithelium adjacent to lymphoid infiltrates. Most of the CD3+ infiltrating lymphocytes in dense periductal foci expressed CXCR3, the receptor for IP‐10 and Mig. IFNγ induced the production of high levels of IP‐10 and Mig proteins from cultured SS salivary epithelial cells.ConclusionThese findings suggest that IFNγ stimulates the production of IP‐10 and Mig in the SS ductal epithelium, and that IP‐10 and Mig are involved in the accumulation of T cell infiltrates in the SS salivary gland. Chemokines or chemokine receptors could be a rational new therapeutic target in SS.
Received level detection accuracy in DS‐CDMA system
Authors: Miki Yoshinori , Fujii Teruya 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn cellular mobile communications, the mobile station must detect the received level so as to determine the position of the mobile station. In a broadband DS‐CDMA system, RAKE reception is usual since the paths can be separated. Thus, the detection accuracy should be improvable by the path diversity effect. This paper considers a DS‐CDMA system, and the accuracy of the received level detection is analyzed theoretically and by computer simulation for the case in which both path diversity and antenna space diversity are applied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(2): 51–60, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1153
An experimental evaluation of ice cover effects on the dynamic behaviour of a concrete gravity dam
Authors: Paultre Patrick , Proulx Jean , Carbonneau Charles 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn extensive forced‐vibration testing programme has been carried out on an 84‐m concrete gravity dam located in northeastern Québec, Canada. The dam was subjected to a harmonic load on the crest in summer and severe winter conditions with temperatures ranging from −10°C to −15°C and a 1.0–1.5m ice cover. Acceleration and hydrodynamic frequency responses were obtained in different locations on the dam and in the reservoir. The main objective of the repeated tests was to investigate the effects of the ice cover on the dynamic behaviour of the dam–reservoir–foundation system, by comparing summer and winter results. Modifications in damping and resonance frequencies were observed, as well as an additional resonance that was attributed to an interaction of the dam with the ice cover. These findings provided a reliable and unique database for the investigations of dam–reservoir–foundation interaction and, in particular, the ice‐cover effects for dams located in northern regions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increase in power of transmission‐disequilibrium tests for quantitative traits
Authors: Malkin Ida , Ginsburg Emil , Elston Robert C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAllison ([1997] Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60:676–690) proposed four versions of the transmission‐disequilibrium test (TDT) for quantitative traits when there is extreme‐threshold sampling, i.e., the trios having an offspring trait value between a priori defined thresholds are excluded from the analysis. Keeping intact the ideology and construction of these tests, we propose here an extreme‐offspring design for the trios: for each parent pair of which at least one is heterozygous at a marker locus, the offspring having the most extreme trait value is selected for the trio. Our simulation studies show that the effect of the extreme‐offspring design can be quite substantial (up to 30% increase in test power), and that the increase is greater for smaller values of the association parameter and for traits with smaller heritability: just those cases where the increase in power is especially desirable. Genety. Epidemiol. 23:234–244, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrafamilial correlation of clinical manifestations in neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2)
Authors: Zhao Y. , Kumar R.A. , Baser M.E. , Evans D.G.R. , Wallace A. , Kluwe L. , Mautner V.F. , Parry D.M. , Rouleau G.A. , Joe H. , Friedman J.M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMeasuring correlation in clinical traits among relatives is important to our understanding of the causes of variable expressivity in Mendelian diseases. Random effects models are widely used to estimate intrafamilial correlations, but such models have limitations. We incorporated survival techniques into a random effects model so that it can be used to estimate intrafamilial correlations in continuous variables with right censoring, such as age at onset. We also describe a negative‐binomial gamma mixture model to determine intrafamilial correlations of discrete (e.g., count) data. We demonstrate the utility of these methods by analyzing intrafamilial correlations among patients with neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), an autosomal‐dominant disease caused by mutations of the NF2 tumor‐suppressor gene. We estimated intrafamilial correlations in age at first symptom of NF2, age at onset of hearing loss, and number of intracranial meningiomas in 390 NF2 nonprobands from 153 unrelated families. A significant intrafamilial correlation was observed for each of the three features: age at onset (0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.47), age at onset of hearing loss (0.51; 95% CI, 0.35–0.64), and number of meninginomas (0.29; 95% CI, 0.15–0.43). Significant correlations were also observed for age at first symptom within NF2 families with truncating mutations (0.41; 95% CI, 0.06–0.68) or splice‐site mutations (0.29; 95% CI, 0.03–0.51), for age at onset of hearing loss within families with missense mutations (0.67; 95% CI, 0.18–0.89), and for number of meningiomas within families with splice‐site mutations (0.39; 95% CI, 0.13–0.66). Our findings are consistent with effects of both allelic and nonallelic familial factors on the clinical variability of NF2. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:245–259, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on a new heat transfer model for liquid film convective evaporation in annular flow
Authors: Qin Wei , Li Yongguang , Cai Zhuhui 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBased on the phenomenon of turbulence restraint in liquid‐vapor interface, an analytical model is proposed for annular flow with a velocity distribution. The liquid‐vapor interface affecting district mixing length model was amended, and a new liquid film convective evaporation heat transfer model at the annular flow was developed. Compared with the experimental data, the results show that the new model is better than the model based on full tube flow velocity distribution. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(7): 524–530, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10051
Relationship between serum hormone concentrations, reproductive history, alcohol consumption and genetic polymorphisms in pre‐menopausal women
Authors: García‐Closas Montserrat , Herbstman Julie , Schiffman Mark , Glass Andrew , Dorgan Joanne F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReproductive characteristics, alcohol intake and polymorphisms in genes encoding sex‐steroid metabolizing enzymes might influence the risk of hormone‐related cancers by changing circulating concentrations of sex hormones. The relationship between these factors and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and DHEA was evaluated in a cross‐sectional study of 218 pre‐menopausal women from Kaiser Permanente Health Plan in Portland, Oregon. Risk factor information was obtained from questionnaires and hormone serum concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassays. Genotypes for CYP11A 5′UTR(tttta)n, CYP17 5′‐UTR −34 T>C, CYP19 IVS4(ttta)n, CYP1B1 (L432V and S453N) and COMT (V158M) were determined from genomic DNA samples. Increasing number of full‐term pregnancies was associated with a significant decrease in late‐follicular progesterone levels (p‐trend = 0.03). Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with higher estradiol levels averaged through the menstrual cycle (p‐trend = 0.009) and higher progesterone levels during luteal phase (p‐trend = 0.04). Androstenedione and testosterone levels were higher among light to moderate drinkers compared to non‐drinkers, although we only observe a significant trend with increasing levels of alcohol consumption for androstenedione. Women heterozygous or homozygous for the CYP1B1 L432V or the S453N polymorphisms had increased luteal estradiol levels (p‐value = 0.04 for L432V and 0.04 for S453N). None of the other factors evaluated was significantly associated with serum concentration of hormones. In conclusion, results from this cross‐sectional study of pre‐menopausal women provide support for an association between light to moderate alcohol intake and elevated levels of estrogen and androgen levels. Our data suggest that circulating levels of progesterone might be related to parity and alcohol consumption, however the biological plausibility of the observed associations is unclear. We found little support for an influence of the evaluated genetic polymorphisms in the steroid synthesis and metabolism pathway on serum hormone levels, except for a possible effect of the CYP1B1 L432V and S453N polymorphisms on serum estradiol levels. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus type 16 is episomal and a high viral load may be correlated to better prognosis in tonsillar cancer
Authors: Mellin Hanna , Dahlgren Liselotte , Munck‐Wikland Eva , Lindholm Johan , Rabbani Hodjattallah , Kalantari Mina , Dalianis Tina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the physical state and the viral load of HPV‐16 in tonsillar cancer and to correlate these findings with clinical outcome. To distinguish between integrated and episomal forms of HPV, 22 fresh‐frozen tonsillar cancer samples were analysed by a method based on restriction enzyme cleavage, ligation and PCR (rliPCR). HPV‐16 was detected in 11/22 and HPV‐33 in 1/22 of the cancers, hence 12/22 (55%) of the tumours were HPV positive. Only extrachromosomal forms of HPV‐16 were observed. Full‐length episomal HPV was detected exclusively in 7/11 of the cancers, whereas both full‐length and deleted forms of episomal HPV‐16 were found in parallel in 2 other tumours. In 1 tumour only a deleted episomal form of HPV‐16 was present. In the remaining HPV‐16 positive tumour both full‐length episomal as well as an 11 kbp PCR product were detected and if the 11 kbp product contained integrated HPV, or was off‐size linearised episomal could not be determined. In 2 cervical cancer controls, HPV‐16 was integrated and could be chromosome located. HPV‐16 was quantified by real‐time PCR and most tonsillar cancers contained between 10 to a few hundred copies of HPV per β‐actin. The 6 patients with tumour sections with ≥190 HPV‐16 copies/β‐actin remained tumour free (p = 0.026) and had a better survival rate (p = 0.039) when compared to the 5 patients with tumours sections with ≤60 HPV‐16 copies/β‐actin. In conclusion, HPV‐16 is mainly episomal in tonsillar cancer. The viral load showed a wide distribution and the clinical outcome in our study was better when the HPV load was higher. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of melanocortin type 3 receptor as a molecular mechanism for adrenocorticotropic hormone efficacy in gouty arthritis
Authors: Getting Stephen J. , Christian Helen C. , Flower Roderick J. , Perretti Mauro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that local activation of melanocortin receptor(s) by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) could be responsible, at least in part, for its efficacy in human gouty arthritis.MethodsMonosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals were administered into rat knee joints either alone or with ACTH or a selective melanocortin type 3 receptor (MC3‐R) agonist. Neutrophil migration, arthritis score, increases in joint size, and cytokine levels were measured over time. MC3‐R expression on rat knee joint macrophages was monitored by electron microscopy and intracellular accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate.ResultsMSU crystals produced a knee joint inflammation that was time dependent and was characterized by cell influx and cytokine release that was sensitive to treatment with classic anti‐arthritic drugs (indomethacin, colchicine, dexamethasone). Local, but not systemic, ACTH had an antiinflammatory effect in normal rats, a dose that did not alter circulating corticosterone (5 μg). This treatment was also effective in adrenalectomized rats. Rat knee joint macrophages expressed functional MC3‐R. The MC3‐R antagonist (SHU9119, 10 μg) blocked ACTH antiinflammatory actions, whereas antiinflammatory activity was retained with a selective MC3‐R agonist (γ2‐melanocyte–stimulating hormone).ConclusionThis research provides evidence for a separate mechanism of action of ACTH in experimental gouty arthritis and points to a novel antiinflammatory target (selective agonists at MC3‐R) for clinical management of human gouty arthritis and possibly other chronic inflammatory conditions.
Uncoupling of type II collagen synthesis and degradation predicts progression of joint damage in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Garnero Patrick , Ayral Xavier , Rousseau Jean‐Charles , Christgau S. , Sandell Linda J. , Dougados Maxime , Delmas Pierre D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) is the loss of articular cartilage. This loss arises from an imbalance between cartilage synthesis and cartilage degradation over a variable period of time. The aims of this study were to investigate the rates of these processes in patients with knee OA using two new molecular markers and to investigate whether the combined use of these markers could predict the progression of joint damage evaluated by both radiography and arthroscopy of the joints during a period of 1 year.MethodsSeventy‐five patients with medial knee OA (51 women, 24 men; mean ± SD age 63 ± 8 years, mean ± SD disease duration 4.8 ± 5.2 years) were studied prospectively. At baseline, we measured serum levels of N‐propeptide of type IIA procollagen (PIIANP) and urinary excretion of C‐terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX‐II) as markers of type II collagen synthesis and degradation, respectively. Joint space width (JSW) on radiography and medial chondropathy at arthroscopy (assessed using a 100‐mm visual analog scale [VAS]) were measured in all patients at baseline and in 52 patients at 1 year. Progression of joint destruction was defined as a decrease of ≥0.5 mm in JSW on radiography and as increased chondropathy (an increase in the VAS score of >8.0 units) between the baseline and 1‐year evaluations.ResultsAt baseline, compared with 58 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls, patients with knee OA had decreased serum levels of PIIANP (20 ng/ml versus 29 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and increased urinary excretion of CTX‐II (618 ng/mmole creatinine [Cr] versus 367 ng/mmole Cr; P < 0.001). The highest discrimination between OA patients and controls was obtained by combining PIIANP and CTX‐II in an uncoupling index (Z score CTX‐II − Z score PIIANP), which yielded a mean Z score of 2.9 (P < 0.0001). Increased baseline values in the uncoupling index were associated with greater progression of joint damage evaluated either by changes in JSW (r = −0.46, P = 0.0016) or by VAS score (r = 0.36, P = 0.014). Patients with both low levels of PIIANP (less than or equal to the mean − 1 SD in controls) and high levels of CTX‐II (greater than or equal to the mean + 1 SD in controls) had an 8‐fold more rapid progression of joint damage than other patients (P = 0.012 and P < 0.0001 as assessed by radiography and arthroscopy, respectively) and had relative risks of progression of 2.9 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.80–11.1) and 9.3 (95% CI 2.2–39) by radiography and arthroscopy, respectively.ConclusionPatients with knee OA are characterized by an uncoupling of type II collagen synthesis and degradation which can be detected by assays for serum PIIANP and urinary CTX‐II. The combination of these two new markers could be useful for identifying knee OA patients at high risk for rapid progression of joint damage.
Therapeutic cancer targeting peptides
Authors: Aina Olulanu H. , Sroka Thomas C. , Chen Man‐Ling , Lam Kit S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAntitumor monoclonal antibodies have shown clinical promise as cancer cell surface targeting agents. More tumor targeting antibodies are likely to be approved by the FDA in the next few years. However, there are two major limitations in antibody‐targeted therapy: large size and nonspecific uptake of the antibody molecules by the liver and the reticuloendothelial system. These result in poor tumor penetration of antibody pharmaceuticals and dose‐limiting toxicity to the liver and bone marrow. Peptides are excellent alternative targeting agents for human cancers, and they may alleviate some of the problems with antibody targeting. In the last decade, several investigators have successfully used combinatorial library methods to discover cell surface binding peptides that may be useful for cancer targeting. The phage‐display library technique and the “one‐bead one‐compound” combinatorial library method are the two approaches that have been used. Cancer cell surface receptors or endothelial cell surface receptors of the neovasculature are the two popular therapeutic targets for cancer. Results from preclinical studies with some peptides are encouraging in their targeting potential. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 184–199, 2002
Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of controlled steel moment‐resisting frame structures
Authors: Barroso Luciana R. , Winterstein Steven 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a proposed methodology, referred to as probabilistic seismic control analysis, for the development of probabilistic seismic demand curves for structures with supplemental control devices. The resulting curves may be used to determine the probability that any response measure, whether for a structure or control device, exceeds a pre‐determined allowable limit. This procedure couples conventional probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with non‐linear dynamic structural analyses to provide system specific information. This method is performed by evaluating the performance of specific controlled systems under seismic excitations using the SAC Phase II structures for the Los Angeles region, and three different control‐systems: (i) base isolation; (ii) linear viscous brace dampers; and (iii) active tendon braces. The use of a probabilistic format allows for consideration of structural response over a range of seismic hazards. The resulting annual hazard curves provide a basis for comparison between the different control strategies. Results for these curves indicate that no single control strategy is the most effective at all hazard levels. For example, at low return periods the viscous system has the lowest drift demands. However, at higher return periods, the isolation system becomes the most effective strategy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental analysis of seismic torsional ground motion recorded by the LSST‐Lotung array
Authors: Laouami Nasser , Labbe Pierre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to perform an experimental analysis of the amplitude of full‐scale spatial variability of seismic motions with regard to earthquake engineering. The LSST‐Lotung array in Taiwan provides a good set of records for this type of study. Of interest are the free‐field torsional seismic components induced by the spatial variability of seismic motions. In this study, three events have been considered: LSST‐06, LSST‐07 and LSST‐16. In time domain analysis, the experimental results obtained show that when the separation distance increases, the induced torsion decreases, and the normalized differential motion parameter increases. Also, the results show that the stronger the event, in terms of maximum PGA, the larger the induced torsional amplitude and the smaller the induced normalized differential motion parameter. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the polymorphic CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene in patients with testicular germ cell cancer
Authors: Rajpert‐De Meyts Ewa , Leffers Henrik , Daugaard Gedske , Andersen Charlotte B. , Petersen Peter M. , Hinrichsen Jane , Pedersen Lene G. , Skakkebæk Niels E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChanges in the length of a polymorphic trinucleotide (CAG) repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which may lead to altered transactivation of the AR gene, have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of several forms of endocrine cancer and certain reproductive disorders. Subjects with reproductive disorders that are associated with a relative deficiency of androgen function carry an increased risk for testicular cancer, therefore we have examined the (CAG)n in the AR gene in DNA isolated from peripheral blood cells of 102 patients diagnosed with testicular germ cell neoplasia and compared them with a control group of 110 healthy men with proven fertility. All patients and control subjects underwent comprehensive andrological examination that included reproductive hormone profiles and the analysis of the (CAG)n in the AR gene that was done by means of PCR and DNA sequencing. There was no difference in the distribution of (CAG)n between the subjects and controls, no association of (CAG)n and the tumor type and no association with severity of the disease. We conclude that the high risk of testicular germ cell cancer in the Danish population is not associated with the (CAG)n polymorphism in the AR gene. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.