bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perturbative effective field theory expansions for cosmological phase transitions
Authors: Gould Oliver , Tenkanen Tuomas V. I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Guided by previous non-perturbative lattice simulations of a two-step electroweak phase transition, we reformulate the perturbative analysis of equilibrium thermodynamics for generic cosmological phase transitions in terms of effective field theory (EFT) expansions. Based on thermal scale hierarchies, we argue that the scale of many interesting phase transitions is in-between the soft and ultrasoft energy scales, which have been the focus of studies utilising high-temperature dimensional reduction. The corresponding EFT expansions provide a handle to control the perturbative expansion, and allow us to avoid spurious infrared divergences, imaginary parts, gauge dependence and renormalisation scale dependence that have plagued previous studies. As a direct application, we present a novel approach to two-step electroweak phase transitions, by constructing separate effective descriptions for two consecutive transitions. Our approach provides simple expressions for effective potentials separately in different phases, a numerically inexpensive method to determine thermodynamics, and significantly improves agreement with the non-perturbative lattice simulations.
Bootstrapping bulk locality. Part I: Sum rules for AdS form factors
Authors: Levine Nat , Paulos Miguel F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The problem of constructing local bulk observables from boundary CFT data is of paramount importance in holography. In this work, we begin addressing this question from a modern bootstrap perspective. Our main tool is the boundary operator expansion (BOE), which holds for any QFT in AdS. Following Kabat and Lifschytz, we argue that the BOE is strongly constrained by demanding locality of correlators involving bulk fields. Focusing on ‘AdS form factors’ of one bulk and two boundary insertions, we reformulate these locality constraints as a complete set of sum rules on the BOE data. We show that these sum rules lead to a manifestly local representation of form factors in terms of ‘local blocks’. The sum rules are valid non-perturbatively, but are especially well-adapted for perturbative computations in AdS where they allow us to bootstrap the BOE data in a systematic fashion. Finally, in the flat space limit, we show that the AdS form factor reduces to an ordinary QFT form factor. We provide a phase shift formula for it in terms of the BOE and CFT data. In two dimensions, this formula makes manifest Watson’s equations for integrable form factors under certain extremality assumptions on the CFT. We discuss the eventual modifications of our formalism to account for dressed operators in AdS.
Brick wall diagrams as a completely integrable system
Authors: Kade Moritz , Staudacher Matthias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the free energy of an integrable, planar, chiral and non-unitary four-dimensional Yukawa theory, the bi-fermion fishnet theory discovered by Pittelli and Preti. The typical Feynman-diagrams of this model are of regular “brick-wall”-type, replacing the regular square lattices of standard fishnet theory. We adapt A. B. Zamolodchikov’s powerful classic computation of the thermodynamic free energy of fishnet graphs to the brick-wall case in a transparent fashion, and find the result in closed form. Finally, we briefly discuss two further candidate integrable models in three and six dimensions related to the brick wall model.
Two-loop coefficient functions in deeply virtual Compton scattering: flavor-singlet axial-vector and transversity case
Authors: Ji Yao , Schoenleber J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We calculate the two-loop flavor-singlet axial-vector and gluon transversity coefficient functions for deeply virtual Compton scattering in QCD. We observe interesting properties regarding the transcendentality of the transversity coefficient function. Our results complete the calculation of the full next-to-next-to-leading order coefficient function in deeply virtual Compton scattering. Numerically, the two-loop corrections in the axial-vector and transversity channel are comparable to their vector counterpart at moderate skewness parameter ξ and hence indispensable for analyzing the upcoming high-precision data from the Electron-Ion Collider.
Mitochondrial oxidative damage reprograms lipid metabolism of renal tubular epithelial cells in the diabetic kidney
Authors: Hou Yanjuan , Tan Enxue , Shi Honghong , Ren Xiayu , Wan Xing , Wu Wenjie , Chen Yiliang , Niu Hiumin , Zhu Guozhen , Li Jing , Li Yafeng , Wang Lihua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe functional and structural changes in the proximal tubule play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Diabetes-induced metabolic changes, including lipid metabolism reprogramming, are reported to lead to changes in the state of tubular epithelial cells (TECs), and among all the disturbances in metabolism, mitochondria serve as central regulators. Mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), is considered one of the primary factors causing diabetic tubular injury. Most studies have discussed how altered metabolic flux drives mitochondrial oxidative stress during DKD. In the present study, we focused on targeting mitochondrial damage as an upstream factor in metabolic abnormalities under diabetic conditions in TECs. Using SS31, a tetrapeptide that protects the mitochondrial cristae structure, we demonstrated that mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes to TEC injury and lipid peroxidation caused by lipid accumulation. Mitochondria protected using SS31 significantly reversed the decreased expression of key enzymes and regulators of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), but had no obvious effect on major glucose metabolic rate-limiting enzymes. Mitochondrial oxidative stress facilitated renal Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) deposition and SS31 limited the elevated Acer1, S1pr1 and SPHK1 activity, and the decreased Spns2 expression. These data suggest a role of mitochondrial oxidative damage in unbalanced lipid metabolism, including lipid droplet (LD) formulation, lipid peroxidation, and impaired FAO and sphingolipid homeostasis in DKD. An in vitro study demonstrated that high glucose drove elevated expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which, in turn, was responsible for the altered lipid metabolism, including LD generation and S1P accumulation, in HK-2 cells. A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant inhibited the activation of cPLA2f isoforms. Taken together, these findings identify mechanistic links between mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and reprogrammed lipid metabolism in diabetic TECs, and provide further evidence for the nephroprotective effects of SS31 via influencing metabolic pathways.
On the profinite rigidity of free and surface groups
Authors: Morales Ismael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLet S be either a free group or the fundamental group of a closed hyperbolic surface. We show that if G is a finitely generated residually-p group with the same pro-p completion as S, then two-generated subgroups of G are free. This generalises (and gives a new proof of) the analogous result of Baumslag for parafree groups. Our argument relies on the following new ingredient: if G is a residually-(torsion-free nilpotent) group and $$H\le G$$

H
≤
G

is a virtually polycyclic subgroup, then H is nilpotent and the pro-p topology of G induces on H its full pro-p topology. Then we study applications to profinite rigidity. Remeslennikov conjectured that a finitely generated residually finite G with profinite completion $${\hat{G}}\cong {\hat{S}}$$

G
^

≅

S
^

is necessarily $$G\cong S$$

G
≅
S

. We confirm this when G belongs to a class of groups $${\mathcal {H}_\textbf{ab}}$$

H
ab

that has a finite abelian hierarchy starting with finitely generated residually free groups. This strengthens a previous result of Wilton that relies on the hyperbolicity assumption. Lastly, we prove that the group $$S\times \mathbb {Z}^n$$

S
×

Z

n

is profinitely rigid within finitely generated residually free groups.
Exploring Winegrowers’ Behaviours and Ecological Impacts Under Climate Change and Policy Scenarios—Examples from Three European Winegrowing Regions
Authors: Chen Yang , Möth Stefan , Winter Silvia , Willemen Louise , Schwarz Nina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractViticulture is an example of a socio-ecological system that poses serious challenges for sustainable soil management and pesticide use, with various interactions between winegrowers’ decision-making and ecological consequences. This study introduces an agent-based model (ABM) on winegrowers’ decision on inter-row management and pesticide use. The ABM builds upon an empirical study of winegrowers’ decision-making in European viticultural landscapes and has been built for three case study regions: Leithaberg (Austria), Palatinate (Germany) and Târnave (Romania). The ABM allows for analysing potential effects of policy instruments including mandatory vegetation cover in the inter-rows, the reduction of fungicide use and ban of insecticides against Lobesia botrana. The effects of policies differ between the case study regions, indicating how important the local context is for effective policies. For example, policies aiming at higher inter-row vegetation cover had the strongest effects on vegetation cover, landscape aesthetics and soil loss in Târnave since many vineyards are currently intensively tilled and there exist no policies supporting inter-row vegetation cover in Romania.
Efficient In Vitro Platform for Multiplication, Acclimatization, and Deliver of High-NaCl-Tolerant Clones of the Halophyte Arthrocaulon macrostachyum
Authors: Jurado-Mañogil Carmen , Díaz-Vivancos Pedro , Hernández José A. , Piqueras Abel , Barba-Espín Gregorio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHalophytes are species able to grow and complete their life cycle under NaCl concentrations above 0.2 M. In a context of growing population and uncertain agricultural food sustainability, there is an interest on halophytes as potential source of food and fodder. However, scarce research has addressed in vitro propagation of halophytes as a tool for study, conservation, and propagation of elite germplasm. In this study, an efficient method for micropropagation of the succulent and salt accumulator halophyte Arthrocaulon macrostachyum has been established for the first time, using shoot tips from in vitro-germinated plant material. During shoot multiplication stage, superior genotypes were selected from explants grown in high strength and NaCl content medium and subsequently rooted and acclimatized to ex vitro conditions. A comprehensive characterization including determination of oxidative stress, photosynthesis performance, and mineral nutrient contents was done. This research gains insight into the physiological and biochemical characterization of halophytes during micropropagation and provides a solid platform for the production of elite A. macrostachyum germplasm for ulterior uses.
Two-stage laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block as an equivalent alternative to thoracic epidural anaesthesia in bowel resection—an explorative cohort study
Authors: Kaufmann M. , Orth V. , Dorwarth T.-J. , Benrath J. , Gerber B. , Ghezel-Ahmadi D. , Reißfelder C. , Herrle F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the effect of the two-stage laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block (TS-L-TAPB) in comparison to thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) and a one-stage L-TAPB (OS-L-TAPB) in patients who underwent elective laparoscopic bowel resection.

Methods
We compared a TS-L-TAPB (266 mg bupivacaine), which was performed bilaterally at the beginning and end of surgery, with two retrospective cohorts. These were patients who had undergone a TEA (ropivacaine/sufentanil) or an OS-L-TAPB (200 mg ropivacaine) at the beginning of surgery. Oral and i.v. opiate requirements were documented over the first 3 postoperative days (POD).

Results
Patients were divided into three groups TEA (n = 23), OS-L-TAPB (n = 75), and TS-L-TAPB (n = 49). By the evening of the third POD, patients with a TEA had a higher cumulative opiate requirement with a median of 45.625 mg [0; 202.5] than patients in the OS-L-TAPB group at 10 mg [0; 245.625] and the TS-L-TAPB group at 5.625 mg [0; 215.625] (p = 0.1438). One hour after arrival in the recovery room, significantly more patients in the TEA group (100%) did not need oral and i.v. opioids than in the TS-L-TAPB (78%) and OS-L-TAPB groups (68%) (p = 0.0067).This was without clinical relevance however as the median in all groups was 0 mg. On the third POD, patients in the TEA group had a significantly higher median oral and i.v. opioid dose at 40 mg [0; 80] than the TS-L-TAPB and OS-L-TAPB groups, both at 0 mg [0; 80] (p = 0.0009).

Conclusion
The TS-L-TAP showed statistically significant and clinically meaningful benefits over TEA and OS-L-TAP in reducing postoperative opiate requirements.
Autologous microfragmented adipose tissue treatment of knee osteoarthritis demonstrates effectiveness in 68% of patients at 4-year follow-up
Authors: Onorato Francesco , Rucci Massimiliano , Alessio-Mazzola Mattia , Bistolfi Alessandro , Castagnoli Carlotta , Formica Matteo , Ferracini Riccardo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells are an interesting therapeutic option for early knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment due to their high plasticity, easiness of harvesting and rapidity of administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medium-term effectiveness and safety of Microfragmented Autologous Fat Tissue (MFAT) injection treatment at 4-year follow-up and to investigate potential correlations among patients’ pre-treatment clinical condition and clinical outcomes to identify possible predicting factors for procedure success or failure.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective trial enrolling 46 patients with diagnosis of symptomatic knee OA and failure of previous conservative measures who underwent diagnostic arthroscopy and single autologous MFAT injection between June 2017 and July 2018. Patients were assessed with repeated clinical scoring systems at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 4 years after surgery. The evaluation included demographic characteristics, arthroscopic findings, and stem cell number from injected tissue.

Results
No major complications were reported during follow-up period and there was a significant increase of Lysholm knee score from baseline value of 61.7 ± 13.8 to 79.5 ± 16.9 at 4 years (p < 0.001). The WOMAC score increased from a baseline value of 66.5 ± 14.7 to 82.8 ± 15.7 at 4 years (p < 0.001) and there was a significant decrease of VAS pain score from baseline value of 6.3 ± 1.5 to 3.5 ± 2.6 at 4-year follow-up (p < 0.001). ROM improved significantly from 118.4 ± 2.6 to 122.5 ± 2.5 at 12 months (p < 0.001), but did not improve at 4 years (p > 0.05). 15 patients (32.6%) were considered treatment failures, because they required secondary surgery, further injection therapy or experienced symptoms persistence. Patient with synovitis had 75% failure rate, although synovitis did not result as a statistically significant factor influencing clinical outcome up to 4-year follow-up (p = 0.058). Age, cartilage defects severity, BMI, concomitant procedures, and stem cell number from injected MFAT did not show any significant correlation with the results.

Conclusions
MFAT intra-articular injection is a safe procedure with positive improvements up to 4-year follow-up in patients with early knee OA. These findings suggest MFAT could be a minimally invasive treatment of early knee OA with durable benefits at mid-term evaluation.

Trial registration
IRB number ID-3522.
Treatment of cartilage defects in the patellofemoral joint with matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation effectively improves pain, function, and radiological outcomes after 5–7 years
Authors: Eichinger Martin , Henninger Benjamin , Petry Benjamin , Schuster Philipp , Herbst Elmar , Wagner Moritz , Rosenberger Ralf , Mayr Raul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of the present study was to evaluate midterm outcomes 5–7 years after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) in the patellofemoral joint.

Materials and methods
Twenty-six patients who had undergone MACI using the Novocart® 3D scaffold were prospectively evaluated. Clinical outcomes were determined by measuring the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) values preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months, and a mean of 6 years postoperatively. At the final follow-up, the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score was evaluated.

Results
Twenty-two patients with 23 focal cartilage defects (19 patella and four trochlea) were available for the final follow-up. The mean defect size was 4.0 ± 1.9 cm2 (range 2.4–9.4 cm2). All clinical outcome scores improved significantly until 5–7 years after MACI (SF-36 score, 61.2 ± 19.6 to 83.2 ± 11.6; P = 0.001; IKDC score, 47.5 ± 20.6 to 74.7 ± 15.5; P < 0.001; and WOMAC, 29.8 ± 15.7 to 8.2 ± 10.3; P < 0.001). The mean MOCART score was 76.0 ± 11.0 at the final follow-up. Nineteen of the 22 patients (86.4%) were satisfied with the outcomes after 5–7 years and responded that they would undergo the procedure again.

Conclusion
MACI in the patellofemoral joint demonstrated good midterm clinical results with a significant reduction in pain, improvement in function, and high patient satisfaction. These clinical findings are supported by radiological evidence from MOCART scores.

Level of evidence
IV–case series.
The effects of an interdisciplinary employment program on paid employment and mental health among persons with severe mental disorders
Authors: Hijdra R. W. , Robroek S. J. W. , Sadigh Y. , Burdorf A. , Schuring M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluates the effects of the interdisciplinary employment program ‘Work As Best Care (WABC)’ on employment participation and mental health of persons with severe mental disorders.

Methods
WABC is a ‘work first’ employment program for unemployed persons with severe mental disorders in which employment professionals work closely together with mental health professionals. In a longitudinal non-randomized controlled study, participants of WABC (n = 35) are compared with participants of the control group (n = 37), who received regular employment support. Participants were followed for 1 year and filled out questionnaires on individual characteristics and health at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. This information was enriched with monthly register data on employment status from 2015 until 2020. Difference-in-differences analyses were performed to investigate changes in employment participation among participants of WABC and the control group. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to compare changes in mental health (measured on 0–100 scale) between the two groups.

Results
Before WABC, employment participation was 22.0%points lower among participants of WABC compared to the control group. After starting WABC, employment participation increased with 15.3%points per year among participants of WABC, compared to 5.6%points in the control group. Among all participants of WABC, no change in mental health was found (β 1.0, 95% CI − 3.4; 5.5). Only female participants of WABC showed a significant change in mental health (β 8.0, 95% CI 2.6; 13.4).

Conclusion
To enhance employment participation of persons with severe mental disorders, an interdisciplinary ‘work-first’ approach in which professionals of employment services and mental health services work in close collaboration, is of paramount importance.
A century of exercise physiology: effects of muscle contraction and exercise on skeletal muscle Na+,K+-ATPase, Na+ and K+ ions, and on plasma K+ concentration—historical developments
Authors: McKenna Michael J. , Renaud Jean-Marc , Ørtenblad Niels , Overgaard Kristian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis historical review traces key discoveries regarding K+ and Na+ ions in skeletal muscle at rest and with exercise, including contents and concentrations, Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) and exercise effects on plasma [K+] in humans. Following initial measures in 1896 of muscle contents in various species, including humans, electrical stimulation of animal muscle showed K+ loss and gains in Na+, Cl− and H20, then subsequently bidirectional muscle K+ and Na+ fluxes. After NKA discovery in 1957, methods were developed to quantify muscle NKA activity via rates of ATP hydrolysis, Na+/K+ radioisotope fluxes, [3H]-ouabain binding and phosphatase activity. Since then, it became clear that NKA plays a central role in Na+/K+ homeostasis and that NKA content and activity are regulated by muscle contractions and numerous hormones. During intense exercise in humans, muscle intracellular [K+] falls by 21 mM (range − 13 to − 39 mM), interstitial [K+] increases to 12–13 mM, and plasma [K+] rises to 6–8 mM, whilst post-exercise plasma [K+] falls rapidly, reflecting increased muscle NKA activity. Contractions were shown to increase NKA activity in proportion to activation frequency in animal intact muscle preparations. In human muscle, [3H]-ouabain-binding content fully quantifies NKA content, whilst the method mainly detects α2 isoforms in rats. Acute or chronic exercise affects human muscle K+, NKA content, activity, isoforms and phospholemman (FXYD1). Numerous hormones, pharmacological and dietary interventions, altered acid–base or redox states, exercise training and physical inactivity modulate plasma [K+] during exercise. Finally, historical research approaches largely excluded female participants and typically used very small sample sizes.