bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified pine needles as a formaldehyde scavenger for urea-formaldehyde resin in plywood production
Authors: Dukarska Dorota , Kawalerczyk Jakub , Kmieciak Jakub 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to investigate whether it is possible to use ground pine needles as formaldehyde-scavenging filler for urea-formaldehyde resin in the production of plywood. The scope of the research included determinations of both optimal amount of introduced filler and the effect of its modification (silanization, hydrothermal and alkaline treatments). Properties of adhesives such as viscosity, gel time and pH were investigated and their morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. The manufactured plywood panels were tested in terms of their wet shear strength, tendency to delamination in varying conditions and formaldehyde emission. It was found that the addition of pine needles lowers the pH and reduces gel time of the adhesive. Moreover, it was shown that despite the significant reduction in formaldehyde emission, the addition of non-modified needles causes a decrease in bonding quality of plywood. Based on the results, 10 parts by weight of needles per 100 parts by weight of resin can be considered as an optimal loading. The use of ground needles modified hydrothermally and with silane allows to minimize the negative effect on the strength of glue lines and leads to further reduction of formaldehyde emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that pine needle powder has strong potential for the application as a formaldehyde-scavenging filler for urea-formaldehyde adhesive in plywood production.
Anterior cruciate ligament femoral footprint is oblong‐ovate, triangular, or two‐tears shaped in healthy young adults: three‐dimensional MRI analysis
Authors: Lin Jinrong , Zhang Shurong , Xin Enhui , Liang Meng , Yang Liqin , Chen Jiwu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral footprint with three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) in healthy knees.MethodsFifty subjects with healthy knees were recruited, utilising 3D‐SPACE sequences for ACL evaluation. The ACL was manually segmented, and the shape, size and location of the ACL femoral footprint were evaluated on a reformatted oblique‐sagittal plane, which aligned closely with the ACL attachment. Statistical analysis included one‐way ANOVA for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, with a P value < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsThree types of ACL femoral footprint shape were identified, namely, oblong‐ovate (OO) in 33 knees (66%), triangular (Tr) in 12 knees (24%) and two‐tears (TT) in 5 knees (10%), with the mean areas being 58, 47 and 68 mm2, respectively. Within group TT, regions with similar sizes but different locations were identified: high tear (TT‐H) and low tear (TT‐L). Notably, group OO demonstrated a larger notch height index, whilst group TT was characterised by a larger α angle and lateral femoral condyle index. A noticeable variation was observed in the location of the femoral footprint centre across groups, with group TT‐L and group Tr showing a more distal position relative to the apex of the deep cartilage. According to the Bernard and Hertel (BH) grid, the ACL femoral footprint centres in group TT‐L exhibited a shallower and higher position than other groups. Furthermore, compared to group OO and TT‐H, group Tr showed a significantly higher position according to the BH grid.ConclusionIn this study, the morphology of the ACL femoral footprint in healthy young adults was accurately evaluated using 3D MRI, revealing three distinct shapes: OO, Tr and TT. The different ACL femoral footprint types showed similar areas but markedly different locations. These findings emphasise the necessity of considering both the shape and precise location of the ACL femoral footprint during clinical assessments, which might help surgeons enhance patient‐specific surgical plans before ACL reconstruction.Level of evidenceIV.
Felt or Thought: Distinct Mechanisms Underlying Exploitative Leadership and Abusive Supervision
Authors: Pircher Verdorfer Armin , Belschak Frank , Bobbio Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe last two decades have seen a mounting fascination with unethical and destructive forms of leadership. Yet, do we know what all encapsulates this “dark” side of leadership? Despite initial evidence that exploitation is a notable addition to the unethical leadership scene, our understanding of its distinctiveness as well as of how and why it exerts its negative effects is limited. We speak to this gap by testing the distinct mechanisms through which exploitative leadership—relative to the more popular counterpart, abusive supervision—affects followers. Borrowing from the aggression literature, we describe exploitative leadership and abusive supervision as varying forms of aggression that undermine followers’ satisfaction with the leader via altered experiences of their social exchange relationship. Our theoretical model proposes that abusive supervision, as an inherently interpersonal provocation, primarily implicates followers’ emotional experiences within the social exchange process. By contrast, given its inherent focus on self-interest, exploitative leadership is assumed to affect followers primarily through the cognitive understanding of the social exchange. Results from multiple studies using different samples, measures, and research designs provide general support for our predictions. In sum, the evidence emerging from our data shows that exploitative leadership is not a symptom of construct proliferation but rather, adds cumulative knowledge to the field of unethical and destructive leadership.
Low-Attaining Secondary School Mathematics Students’ Perspectives on Recommended Teaching Strategies
Authors: Hodgen Jeremy , Foster Colin , Brown Margaret , Martin David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent research syntheses have identified several potentially high-leverage teaching strategies for improving low-attaining secondary school students’ learning of mathematics. These strategies include the structured use of representations and manipulatives and an emphasis on derived facts and estimation. This paper reports on 70 semi-structured interviews conducted with low-attaining students in Years 9–10 (ages 13–15) in England. The interviews addressed the students’ perceptions of learning mathematics and the teaching strategies that they experienced and believed were most helpful. Many students reported rarely using number lines, not spontaneously estimating answers and being unfamiliar with derived facts. During the interviews, with minimal direction, students often showed that they were well able to make use of these strategies; however, they did not report making spontaneous use of them independently. We conclude that many of the most well-evidenced and recommended strategies to support low-attaining students in mathematics appear to be unfamiliar and unvalued, and we discuss how this might be addressed.
The Mg doping ZIF-8 loaded with Icariin and its antibacterial and osteogenic performances
Authors: Li Lili , Zhao Jianghui , Ma Fengcang , He Daihua , Liu Ping , Li Wei , Zhang Ke , Chen Xiaohong , Song Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, ICA@Mg-ZIF-8 was synthesized by Mg doping in ZIF-8 and loaded with icariin (ICA). The morphologies and phases were observed and analyzed by SEM, XRD, and the release behaviors of Mg, Zn ions and ICA were tested. Its antibacterial and mineralization performances were evaluated. The results showed that ICA@Mg-ZIF-8 has the same morphology and crystal structure as ZIF-8. ICA@Mg-ZIF-8 showed enhanced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the antibacterial rate was increased to 87.7 % and 64.0 %, respectively. The results of in vitro mineralization showed that ICA@Mg-ZIF-8 presented better osteogenic performance promoting the uniform deposition of more calcium and phosphorus in simulated body fluids compared to ZIF-8.
Graphical Abstract
Linguistic Illusions Guide Eye Movement: Evidence From Doubling
Authors: Andan Qatherine , Bex Peter , Berent Iris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcross languages, certain phonological patterns are preferred to others (e.g., blog > lbog). But whether such preferences arise from abstract linguistic constraints or sensorimotor pressures is controversial. We address this debate by examining the constraints on doubling (e.g., slaflaf, generally, XX). Doubling demonstrably elicits conflicting responses (aversion or preference), depending on the linguistic level of analysis (phonology vs. morphology). Since the stimulus remains unchanged, the shifting responses imply abstract constraints. Here, we ask whether these constraints apply online, in eye movements. Experiment 1 shows that, in bare phonological forms, doubling is dispreferred, and correspondingly it elicits shorter fixations. Remarkably, when doubling signals morphological plurality, the aversion shifts into preference, in Experiment 2. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the constraints on doubling apply online. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that phonological knowledge arises, in part, from an abstract linguistic source.
Observationally Guided Models for the Solar Dynamo and the Role of the Surface Field
Authors: Cameron Robert H. , Schüssler Manfred 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTheoretical models for the solar dynamo range from simple low-dimensional “toy models” to complex 3D-MHD simulations. Here we mainly discuss appproaches that are motivated and guided by solar (and stellar) observations. We give a brief overview of the evolution of solar dynamo models since 1950s, focussing upon the development of the Babcock–Leighton approach between its introduction in the 1960s and its revival in the 1990s after being long overshadowed by mean-field turbulent dynamo theory. We summarize observations and simple theoretical deliberations that demonstrate the crucial role of the surface fields in the dynamo process and give quantitative analyses of the generation and loss of toroidal flux in the convection zone as well as of the production of poloidal field resulting from flux emergence at the surface. Furthermore, we discuss possible nonlinearities in the dynamo process suggested by observational results and present models for the long-term variability of solar activity motivated by observations of magnetically active stars and the inherent randomness of the dynamo process.
Accelerating Bayesian inference for stochastic epidemic models using incidence data
Authors: Golightly Andrew , Wadkin Laura E. , Whitaker Sam A. , Baggaley Andrew W. , Parker Nick G. , Kypraios Theodore 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider the case of performing Bayesian inference for stochastic epidemic compartment models, using incomplete time course data consisting of incidence counts that are either the number of new infections or removals in time intervals of fixed length. We eschew the most natural Markov jump process representation for reasons of computational efficiency, and focus on a stochastic differential equation representation. This is further approximated to give a tractable Gaussian process, that is, the linear noise approximation (LNA). Unless the observation model linking the LNA to data is both linear and Gaussian, the observed data likelihood remains intractable. It is in this setting that we consider two approaches for marginalising over the latent process: a correlated pseudo-marginal method and analytic marginalisation via a Gaussian approximation of the observation model. We compare and contrast these approaches using synthetic data before applying the best performing method to real data consisting of removal incidence of oak processionary moth nests in Richmond Park, London. Our approach further allows comparison between various competing compartment models.
Videobasierte Reflexion von klassenführungsspezifischen Ereignissen – Welche Rolle spielen Wissen und Reflexionsbereitschaft von Lehramtsstudierenden?
Authors: Weber Kira Elena , Neuber Katharina , Prilop Christopher Neil 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Reflexion über Klassenführung als Basisdimension guten Unterrichts ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, welche Rolle reflexionsbezogene Dispositionen (Wissen und Reflexionsbereitschaft) für die Qualität reflexionsbezogener Denkprozesse (Wahrnehmung und wissensgesteuerte Verarbeitung) mit dem Fokus auf Klassenführung spielen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde dieser Zusammenhang anhand einer Stichprobe von 193 Lehramtsstudierenden im Rahmen eines Mixed-Method-Designs empirisch überprüft. Neben der standardisierten Erfassung des deklarativen Wissens über Klassenführung und der Reflexionsbereitschaft wurde den Studierenden ein Unterrichtsvideo gezeigt, welches im Hinblick auf klassenführungsspezifische Situationen von den Studierenden reflektiert werden sollte. Die schriftlichen Reflexionen wurden mit einer strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet mit dem Ziel, die selektive Wahrnehmung, die wissensgesteuerte Verarbeitung klassenführungsspezifischer Situationen sowie das konzeptuelle Wissen zu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse dieser qualitativen Analyse wurden anschließend zum Zwecke statistischer Analysen quantifiziert. Regressionsanalysen ergaben, dass die standardisierte Erfassung des deklarativen Wissens die selektive Wahrnehmung vorhersagen kann, während das konzeptuelle Wissen über Klassenführung einen Prädiktor für die wissensgesteuerte Verarbeitung klassenführungsspezifischer Situationen darstellt. Die Reflexionsbereitschaft hängt signifikant mit beiden Wissensfacetten zusammen, stellt jedoch keinen Prädiktor für die reflexionsbezogenen Denkprozesse dar. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der Relevanz von Reflexionsprozessen kritisch diskutiert.
Sekundärprävention der Nutzung von Kindesmissbrauchsabbildungen im Internet: ein internationaler Überblicksversuch
Authors: Merdian Hannah L. , Allardyce Stuart , DeBoeck Minne , Gannon Colm , Janssen Ellen , Klapilova Katerina , McCartan Kieran , von Franqué Fritjof , Lehmann Robert 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Prävention des Konsums von Missbrauchsabbildungen von Kindern stellt die Gesellschaft vor eine Vielzahl neuer Herausforderungen und ist eine Priorität der Europäischen Union (EU). Neben der Identifizierung und strafrechtlichen Verfolgung von Personen, die Medien sexueller Gewalt an Kindern nutzen, besteht in der EU auch der Wunsch, diese Verbrechen zu verhindern, bevor sie (wieder) geschehen. Da sich in den letzten Jahren die Anzahl der gemeldeten Fälle des Konsums von Missbrauchsabbildungen im Hellfeld immer wieder verdoppelt hat, kommt der Sekundärprävention dabei eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Basierend auf allgemeinen Präventionsmodellen gibt dieser Artikel einen europabezogenen Überblick über ausgewählte sekundäre Präventionsprogramme und Interventionsansätze. Ziel des Artikels ist es, Fachpersonen aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Versorgung im deutschsprachigen Raum über bestehende Präventionsansätze zu informieren und dadurch bei der Gestaltung und Umsetzung maßgeschneiderter Präventionsmaßnahmen zu unterstützen. Einleitend wird auf die aktuellen Klassifikationskriterien der Europäischen Kommission eingegangen, die dem besseren Verständnis von Programmen zur Prävention von sexuellem Missbrauch von Kindern dienen sollen. Im Folgenden wird 1) auf Ansätze der sekundären Prävention in Form von präventiver Abschreckung durch Strafverfolgungsbehörden eingegangen und die Bedeutung der übergreifenden Zusammenarbeit mit verschiedenen Interessenvertretern wie Technologieunternehmen (z. B. Microsoft) und Nichtregierungsorganisationen (z. B. International Hotline Operators of Europe) aufgezeigt. Hierbei geht es u. a. um die Verhinderung von Tatgelegenheiten und Abschreckung potenzieller Konsumenten von Missbrauchsabbildungen durch die Ermittlungsbehörden. Weiterhin wird 2) anhand von psychosozialen Interventionsanbietern, wie Lucy Faithfull Foundation, Stop it Now! Helpline, Präventionsprojekt PARAPHILE, „Kein Täter werden“ und weiteren sekundären Präventionsangeboten in Deutschland, beispielhaft die Zunahme der Heterogenität von Präventionsanbietern aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden bestehende Herausforderungen der Prävention des Konsums von Missbrauchsabbildungen diskutiert.
The role of SIC on the design of next generation multiple access
Authors: Razzaque Asmad Bin Abdul , Qureshi Hassaan Khaliq , Baiocchi Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interplay of physical layer enhancements and classic random access protocols is the objective of this paper. Successive interference cancellation (SIC) is among the major enhancements of the physical layer. Considering the classic representatives of random access protocols, Slotted ALOHA and Channel Sensing Multiple Access (CSMA), we show that two regimes can be identified as a function of the communication link spectral efficiency. In case of high levels of spectral efficiency, multi-packet reception enabled by SIC is of limited benefit. Sum-rate performance is dominated by the effectiveness of the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. On the contrary, for low spectral efficiency levels, sum-rate performance is essentially dependent on physical layer SIC capability, while the MAC protocol has a marginal impact. Limitations due to transmission power dynamic range are shown to induce unfairness among nodes. However, the unfairness issue fades away when the system is driven to work around the sum-rate peak achieved for low spectral efficiency. This can also be confirmed by looking at Age of Information (AoI) metric. The major finding of this work is that SIC can boost performance, while still maintaining a fair sharing of the communication channel among nodes. In this regime, the MAC protocol appears to play a marginal role, while multi-packet reception endowed by SIC is prominent to provide high sum-rate, low energy consumption, and low AoI.
Indigenizing and Ruralizing NCI Screen to Save Program: Resources, Optimizing Outreach, Teaching, Science (ROOTS)
Authors: Maybee William , Henry Whitney Ann , Lazore-Swan Dakota , Abrams Corrinne , Attwood Kris , Vincent Paula , Catalfamo Kayla , Haring Rodney C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex health disparity in many Indigenous and rural populations. While it affects anyone regardless of race, age, gender, or other common differences among people, Indigenous and rural populations are at a higher risk of dying from colorectal cancer. An NCI Screen to Save (S2S) program was culturally tailored to promote awareness and knowledge of colorectal cancer and screening in both Indigenous and rural communities across a sector in Northeastern USA. Indigenous and rural community outreach teams at an NCI-designated cancer center partnered with a community advisory board to provide an indigenized/ruralized version of the NCI Screen to Save program delivered to both Indigenous and rural/suburban communities. In total, n = 79 pre/post surveys were obtained from n = 82 participants, who had an average age of 49 years. Findings demonstrated that Indigenous/rural participants in both off-territory/non-reservation communities and a tribal community that received a culturally tailored version of NCI’s S2S program were able to identify both smoking and tobacco use along with lack of physical activity as risk factors for colorectal cancer. Post-intervention, participants reported being more likely to increase physical activity. Most importantly, participants said they would be more likely to be screened for colorectal cancer along with their family and friends based on their cancer screening experiences. Culturally tailored CRC messaging is an effective means for increasing screening intentions and decreasing cancer health disparities among both indigenous and rural populations. Future research should include the relationship of diet to obesity-related cancers, greater integration of Indigenous-rural patient navigation programs, creation of more information on genetic screening, and quality improvement to service translational science initiatives.
Finding the homology of manifolds using ellipsoids
Authors: Kališnik Sara , Lešnik Davorin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA standard problem in applied topology is how to discover topological invariants of data from a noisy point cloud that approximates it. We consider the case where a sample is drawn from a properly embedded "Equation missing"-submanifold without boundary in a Euclidean space. We show that we can deformation retract the union of ellipsoids, centered at sample points and stretching in the tangent directions, to the manifold. Hence the homotopy type, and therefore also the homology type, of the manifold is the same as that of the nerve complex of the cover by ellipsoids. By thickening sample points to ellipsoids rather than balls, our results require a smaller sample density than comparable results in the literature. They also advocate using elongated shapes in the construction of barcodes in persistent homology.
Assessment of the efficacy of a novel adhesive haemostat using real world, case series data collection
Authors: Grosheva M. , Liese M. , Menovsky T. , Rasschaert R. , Galun D. , Maric N. , Hayes P. D. , van Herzeele I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Post-operative haemorrhage can lead to significant complications and even mortality. These utilise scarce healthcare resources and increase hospital costs, as well as negatively impacting on patient’s quality of life. Haemostats that exhibit additional adhesive properties can reduce the rate of bleeding complications. Standard gelatin sponges have been used safely in surgery for over 75 years but have almost no adhesive properties. This article reports the performance of a novel adhesive gelatin patch in human surgery for the first time.

Methods
A CE-marked gelatin foam patch (TenaTac®, Selentus Science, UK) has been created through a physical modification of the sponge surface, avoiding the need for the addition of blood-derived components or additional chemicals to stimulate adhesion. Real-world, post-approval clinical evaluations of the device were undertaken, and a structured data form was utilised to collect information on the device’s performance during these procedures.

Results
In total, 63 evaluations were undertaken by 40 surgeons in 13 countries, covering 29 different surgical procedures. When assessing the adherence of TenaTac, 83 % (48/58) of the surgeons assessed the adhesion as very good or excellent. Both “haemostatic effect” and “time to haemostasis” achieved median scores of 4/5 (IQR 4–5), which equated to “very good” on the questionnaire. When surgeons were asked to compare their experience with TenaTac against their usual haemostat, 91.7 % (55/60) rated it as good, very good or excellent. When surgeons were asked if they would recommend the use of TenaTac, 96.5 % (55/57) of the surgeons responded positively to this question.

Conclusion
Real world evaluation of the novel adhesive patch, TenaTac, has confirmed that it exhibits very good adhesive and haemostatic qualities and could be considered for use by a wide variety of surgical specialities.

Highlights
Ownership language informs ownership psychology
Authors: Kemmerer David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many languages grammatically distinguish between alienable and inalienable possessions. The latter are sometimes restricted to body parts, but they often include other kinds of personally significant entities too. These cross-linguistic patterns suggest that one's most precious owned objects tend to fall within a complex self system that includes not only the core (corporeal) self, but also the extended (noncorporeal) self.