bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of processes affecting simulation of diel fine particulate matter variation in the GEOS-Chem model
Authors: Li Yanshun , Martin Randall V. , Li Chi , Boys Brian L. , van Donkelaar Aaron , Meng Jun , Pierce Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The capability of chemical transport models to represent fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the course of a day is of vital importance for air quality simulation and assessment. In this work, we used the nested GEOS-Chem model at 0.25∘×0.3125∘ resolution to simulate the diel (24 h) variation in PM2.5 mass concentrations over the contiguous United States (US) in 2016. We evaluate the simulations with in situ measurements from a national monitoring network. Our base case simulation broadly reproduces the observed morning peak, afternoon dip, and evening peak of PM2.5, matching the timings of these features within 1–3 h. However, the simulated PM2.5 diel amplitude in our base case was 106 % biased high, relative to observations. We find that temporal resolution of emissions, subgrid vertical gradient between surface model-level center and observations, and biases in boundary layer mixing and aerosol nitrate are the major causes for this inconsistency. We applied an hourly anthropogenic emission inventory, converted the PM2.5 mass concentrations from the model-level center to the height of surface measurements by correcting for aerodynamic resistance, adjusted the boundary layer heights in the driving meteorological fields using aircraft observations, and constrained nitrate concentrations using in situ measurements. The bias in the PM2.5 diel amplitude was reduced to −12 % in the improved simulation. Gridded hourly emissions rather than diel scaling factors applied to monthly emissions reduced biases in simulated PM2.5 overnight. Resolving the subgrid vertical gradient in the surface model level aided the capturing of the timings of the PM2.5 morning peak and afternoon minimum. Based on the improved model, we find that the mean observed diel variation in PM2.5 for the contiguous US is driven by (1) building up of PM2.5 by 10 % in early morning (04:00–08:00 local time, LT), due to increasing anthropogenic emissions into a shallow mixed layer;
(2) decreasing PM2.5 by 22 % from mid-morning (08:00 LT) through
afternoon (15:00 LT), associated with mixed-layer growth; (3) increasing
PM2.5 by 30 % from mid-afternoon (15:00 LT) though evening (22:00 LT) as emissions persist into a collapsing mixed layer; and (4) decreasing PM2.5 by 10 % overnight (22:00–04:00 LT) as emissions diminish.
Short- and long-term stratospheric impact of smoke from the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires
Authors: Friberg Johan , Martinsson Bengt G. , Sporre Moa K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. At the end of December 2019 and beginning of 2020,
massive firestorms in Australia formed pyrocumulonimbus clouds (pyroCbs) that
acted like enormous smokestacks, pumping smoke to the upper troposphere and
stratosphere. We study the smoke with data from four satellite-based
sensors: the aerosol observation platforms CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization), OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler), and OMPS-NM (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir Mapper) and
water vapor retrievals from MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder). Smoke was lofted to the upper troposphere
and stratosphere during two events and spread almost exclusively within the
extratropics. Smoke from the first event, starting 29 December, was injected
directly into the stratosphere by pyroCbs, causing a rapid initial increase
in AOD (aerosol optical depth). CALIOP identifies a rapid decline in this stratospheric smoke
(half-life: 10 d), not captured in previous studies of the Australian
fires, indicating photochemical processing of organic aerosol. This decay
rate is in line with model predictions of mid-tropospheric organic aerosol
loss by photolytic removal and is in agreement with our estimates of decay
rates after the North American fires in August 2017. PyroCbs from the second
event, 4 January, injected small amounts of smoke directly into the
stratosphere. Large amounts of smoke were injected to the upper troposphere,
from where it ascended into the stratosphere during several weeks, forming a
second peak in the aerosol load. Hence, we find that pyroCbs can impact the
stratospheric aerosol load both via direct injection to the stratosphere
and through injection of smoke to the upper troposphere from where the smoke
ascends into the stratosphere. The stratospheric AOD from the second-event
fires decreased more slowly than the AOD from the first event, likely due to a
combination of photolytic loss starting already in the troposphere and
continued supply of smoke from the upper troposphere offsetting the loss
rate. Together these injections yielded a major increase in the aerosol load
for almost 1 year.
Pressure-dependent performance of two CEN-specified condensation particle counters
Authors: Bauer Paulus S. , Spät Dorian , Eisenhut Martina , Gattringer Andreas , Weinzierl Bernadett 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. One of the most important parameters to quantify an
aerosol is the particle number concentration. Condensation particle counters (CPCs) are commonly used to measure the aerosol number concentration in the
nanometer size range. To compare the data from different measurement
stations and campaigns, it is important to harmonize the instrument
specifications, which is why the CEN/TS 16976:2016 technical specification was introduced for CPCs. Therein, the parameters of the CEN CPC are specified
for standard pressure and temperature. However, CEN CPCs are used in various surroundings, on high mountains or on airplanes, where they are exposed to low-pressure conditions. Here, we present the pressure-dependent performance
(including the concentration linearity and counting efficiency) of two
different models of CEN CPCs, the Grimm 5410 CEN and the TSI 3772 CEN. We
found that their performance at 1000 and 750 hPa was in accordance with
the CEN technical specifications. Below 500 hPa, the performance decreased
for both CPC models, but the decrease was different for the two models. To
gain insight into the performance of the two CPC models, we performed a
simulation study. This study included simulations of the saturation profiles and calculations of internal particle losses within the CPCs. The
simulations reproduced the overall performance decrease with decreasing
pressure and reveal that the internal structure of the CPC has a significant
influence on the performance. We anticipate our publication to provide a
deeper understanding of the counting efficiency of CPCs and their pressure
dependence. Our findings might be a starting point for new standards that
include the pressure-dependent performance, or they could help in designing
new CPCs.
A Bayesian model for quantifying errors in citizen science data: application to rainfall observations from Nepal
Authors: Eisma Jessica A. , Schoups Gerrit , Davids Jeffrey C. , van de Giesen Nick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract. High-quality citizen science data can be instrumental in advancing science toward new discoveries and a deeper understanding of under-observed phenomena. However, the error structure of citizen scientist (CS) data must be well-defined. Within a citizen science program, the errors in submitted observations vary, and their occurrence may depend on CS-specific characteristics. This study develops a graphical Bayesian inference model of error types in CS data. The model assumes that (1) each CS observation is subject to a specific error type, each with its own bias and noise, and (2) an observation's error type depends on the static error community of the CS, which in turn relates to characteristics of the CS submitting the observation. Given a set of CS observations and corresponding ground-truth values, the model can be calibrated for a specific application, yielding (i) number of error types and error communities, (ii) bias and noise for each error type, (iii) error distribution of each error community, and (iv) the single error community to which each CS belongs. The model, applied to Nepal CS rainfall observations, identifies five error types and sorts CSs into four static, model-inferred communities. In the case study, 73 % of CSs submitted data with errors in fewer than 5 % of their observations. The remaining CSs submitted data with unit, meniscus, unknown, and outlier errors. A CS's assigned community, coupled with model-inferred error probabilities, can identify observations that require verification and provides an opportunity for targeted re-training of CSs based on mistake tendencies.
IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE INTEGRATED STRUCTURES IN THE REAL SECTOR IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Seisenbayeva Zh. M. , Nurasheva K. K. , Isatayeva G. B. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of the research. The present research is devoted to the study of the relationship between scientifi c capabilities and innovation eff orts. The purpose of the study is to assess the eff ectiveness of the development of innovative integrated structures in the real sector in Kazakhstan. Scientifi c research makes it possible to study the importance of innovative integrated structures and contributes to the literature on research and development and economic growth.The research methodology was implemented by mathematical modeling. The assessment of the eff ectiveness of the development of innovative integrated structures includes the analysis of indicators refl ecting the results of the activities of the participants of the integrated structure, in particular universities in the form of scientifi c articles, innovative enterprises in the form of the volume of innovative products and scientifi c organizations in the form of patents.The originality / value of the study is confi rmed and justifi ed by the lack of research on the calculation of the eff ectiveness of innovative integrated structures in the regions of Kazakhstan.Findings. Innovative integrated structures are necessary to support the real sector of the economy, which is most prone to crises. To solve many of the challenges that our economy has faced in recent years, it requires the use of research in public policy and decision-making, not based on blind faith in scientifi c recommendations.
TOURIST DESTINATION AS A MECHANISM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION
Authors: Shokhan R. , Mutaliyeva L. M. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of the research – the organization and management of a tourist destination is a prerequisite for the development of the tourism market in the region. The article is aimed at considering the importance of a tourist destination for the sustainable development of the region, analyzing the current state of the industry and assessing the statistical indicators of such tourist destinations as Shchuchinsko-Borovskaya and Zerendinskaya, located in the Akmola region.Methodology. Within the framework of the problem under consideration, the method of bibliographic analysis was used as the main research methods, with the help of which a review of the works of authors who studied this area was carried out. To assess the development of the tourist destination of the region in the analytical part of the study, economic and statistical methods were used. The development of the Shchuchinsko-Borovskaya and Zerenda tourist destinations in the Akmola region, included in the tourist grouping of the republican level, was characterized using the SWOT-analysis method. On the basis of abstract-logical methods, conclusions are drawn about the current state of the use of tourist destinations in the Akmola region for tourism purposes and proposals are formulated aimed at developing the industry.Originality / value of the research. The results of the study allow making optimal decisions to improve the activities of tourist destinations.Findings: the role of the tourism industry in the economy is determined, the specifi cs of the tourist destination as a category are characterized, the grouping of tourist destinations of republican and local signifi cance is considered in accordance with the tourist resources on the territory of the country, and the assessment of the current state of tourist destinations in the Akmola region is given.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TERRITORIAL MARKETING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWN OF KHROMTAU
Authors: Shurenov N. B. , Tovma N. A. , Saimova M. D. 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of socio-economic development of the city of Khromtau, the only single-industry town with high potential in the Aktobe region, and use marketing opportunities in further developmentMethodology – general scientifi c research methods, such as analysis, comparison, generalization Uniqueness/ value of the study.Originality / value of the research. It can be used in the development of a roadmap for the development of the region, a comprehensive development plan by socio-economic assessment of the pace of development of the monotown Khromtau.Findings. As a result of the study, based on the results of the study of the socio-economic state of the monotown of Khromtau, it was determined that the economic, social sphere, and infrastructure situation are at an average level. Chromite ore mined and exported to Khromtau is competitive in the world due to its rich ore content and has special properties of the hardest chemical element. Chrome ore makes the city of Khromtau a potential monotown for the coming decades. Nevertheless, the production left over from Soviet times and the level of deterioration of some infrastructure facilities in the city remains high. Despite the largescale work in this direction, in general, there are common problems characteristic of single-industry towns in Kazakhstan. The main goal of the development of single-industry towns should be the creation of new industries, improving the level and quality of life of people. Therefore, it is fi rst necessary to create enterprises as a point of growth, and then develop the infrastructure for revenues from these enterprises to the budget. To do this, it is recommended to form the image of a single-industry town.
Architecture and Afterlife: Small Portable Shrines and Ritual Activities from Tyre to Ibiza
Authors: Orsingher Adriano 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The miniaturization of architecture in past and modern societies is a cross-cultural phenomenon, which has received enormous attention in scholarship, particularly in works relating to the Bronze and Iron Age eastern Mediterranean. This article focuses on some small-scale terracotta buildings known from Phoenicia around the seventh to the sixth centuries BCE, argues for their identification as portable shrines, compares them to similar examples from Cyprus, and includes finds from Carthage, Malta, and Ibiza in the discussion. All of this evidence reflects a time when small chapels were increasingly adopted in Phoenician architecture, reproduced at different scales in multiple media, and used in a variety of contexts. Finally, Tyre al-Bass Tomb 8 and other funerary assemblages yielding portable shrines support the idea that they were the focus of ritual activities at burial sites, and their deposition may have followed their use in practices involving storytelling, the libation of scented liquids, and/or the burning of aromatic substances.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SDIT Ibnu Hajar Balikpapan Menggunakan Metode Inkuiri pada Pembelajaran IPAS
Authors: Bima Muhammad , Ariyani Linda Fauziyah , Sanjaya Siska Meinita Putri 
Published: October 2023

Sebagai mata pelajaran yang mengandung cakupan materi yang sangat luas, mata pelajaran IPAS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Sosial) memiliki beban materi yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan mata pelajaran yang liannya. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya metode khusus yang lebih menarik agar tujuan pembelajaran IPAS dapat tercapai dengan optimal. Penelitian tindakan ini untuk menganalisis penggunaan metode inkuiri untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang melibatkan 15 siswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Data hasil belajar siswa didapatkan melalui angket, observasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data pada siklus pertama menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai dengan persentase 13,33% dalam pemahaman konsep dan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Dimana nilai awal siswa memiliki rata-rata 76,8 meningkat menjadi 77,9. Dalam hal ini beberapa siswa masih belum mencapai nilai ketuntasan belajar yaitu 78. Sedangkan nilai pada siklus kedua menunjukkan peningkatan yang lebih besar dalam hasil belajar siswa dengan persentase 100% diatas nilai ketuntasan dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 84,8. Peningkatan nilai juga diiringi dengan peningkatan dalam hal keaktifan, pemahaman, dan respons pembelajaran siswa pada pembelajaran inkuiri. Kegiatan pembelajaran yang menerapkan metode inkuiri pada mata pelajaran IPAS dapat memberikan dampak yang signifikan untuk meningkatkan hasil prestasi dan minat belajar siswa di kelas IV SDIT Ibnu Hajar Balikpapan. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil penelitian pembelajaran dengan metode inkuiri dapat menjadi bukti bahwa pendekatan inkuiri bisa digunakan dalam konteks pembelajaran di sekolah dasar untuk mempromosikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan keterlibatan siswa yang lebih aktif dalam pembelajaran IPAS.
Avaliação das Boas Práticas de Manipulação no fluxograma operacional de preparações cárneas servidas em uma unidade de alimentação e nutrição
Authors: Filgueiras Bruna Garcia Alves , Paula Adriana Hocayen de , Barbosa Wagner Miranda , São José Jackline Freitas Brilhante de , Silva Erika Madeira Moreira da 
Published: October 2023

O mercado da alimentação coletiva cresceu nas últimas décadas, influenciado pelas diversas mudanças ocorridas na sociedade. Ao mesmo tempo em que houve o crescimento da utilização dos serviços de alimentação coletiva, verificou-se aumento na ocorrência de doenças de origem alimentar, influenciado por práticas inadequadas de manipulação. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar as boas práticas de manipulação relacionadas ao fluxograma operacional de preparações cárneas servidas em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição. Como instrumento de avaliação foi utilizada uma lista de verificação (check-list), baseada na legislação vigente. Além disso, foram aferidas as temperaturas durante a distribuição de 12 preparações cárneas servidas como prato principal. A média de adequações evidenciadas por meio da aplicação da lista de verificação foi igual a 46 %, sendo a maior parte das inadequações encontradas nas instalações da unidade. Em relação à distribuição, verificou-se que o balcão térmico da unidade não era capaz de manter os alimentos em temperatura segura para o consumo. Entretanto, as preparações não foram expostas por tempo prolongado. Percebe-se a necessidade da implantação de ações corretivas a fim de minimizar os possíveis riscos encontrados na unidade avaliada.
Community Health Promotion Program (PKMRS) Self Care Management Of Diabetes Mellitus At Rsi Jemursari Surabaya
Authors: Robi’atus Sholiha Siti , Ayom Pangestu Yoga , Manan Abdul , Yunita Sari Ratna , Khoiroh Himyatul 
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both. Prevention measures that can be taken to avoid DM include self-care management. This health promotion activity aims to educate the community, especially families affected by DM, about self-care management, with a total of 30 respondents. The health promotion method utilizes Power Point presentations (PPT) and leaflets, with pre-tests and post-tests conducted to assess the respondents' level of understanding. The research results show a significant difference in the respondents' knowledge of self care management before and after receiving education. The conclusion of this study is that providing health promotion to the community has a positive impact on the respondents' knowledge and quality of life, as well as on other members of the community.
Postoperative Spinal Orthoses: Types and Outcomes
Authors: Donato Zachary , Gonzalez Derek , Markowitz Moses , Gjolaj Joseph 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Postoperative bracing (POB) after spinal surgery is a common practice that has been used for many decades. In the past few years, the indications, types, and outcomes of POB have been heavily questioned after many studies revealed no consistent evidence to support or refute the use of spinal orthoses after surgery.

Summary:
Currently, there are no indications of the type, duration, or indication for many spinal orthoses and few studies have assessed their efficacy. Although much of the literature lacks adequate comparisons of brace types or specific indications, POB is still widely used for various surgical procedures. This study evaluated the current evidence concerning POB of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spine.
Artikel 6:119a BW – wetgeving waar weinigen wijzer van worden?
Authors: Uijen M. 
Published: October 2023

Artikel 6:119a BW – wetgeving waar weinigen wijzer van worden?
In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de vraag of de praktijk iets heeft aan de steeds strengere wettelijke regels voor afspraken over betaaltermijnen. Uitgelegd wordt op welke manieren bedrijven nog steeds aan die regels kunnen ontsnappen, en waarom verdere aanscherping tot nu toe weinig effectief is gebleken.
Wordt het nu niet eens echt tijd om afdeling 6.5.3 BW (algemene voorwaarden) aan te passen?
Authors: van Wechem T.H.M. 
Published: October 2023

Wordt het nu niet eens echt tijd om afdeling 6.5.3 BW (algemene voorwaarden) aan te passen?
In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur eerst in op het arrest van het HvJ EU (HvJ EU 20 april 2023, ECLI:EU:C:2023:311) om vervolgens in te gaan op het arrest van de Hoge Raad van 2 juni 2023 (HR 2 juni 2023, ECLI:NL:HR:2023:835), om daarna af te sluiten met een pleidooi voor aanpassing van afdeling 6.5.3 BW.
Hoe gemakkelijk wil je het hebben?
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M. 
Published: October 2023

Hoe gemakkelijk wil je het hebben?
Deze bijdrage gaat over twee arresten waarin algemene voorwaarden centraal staan. Het eerste arrest betreft de vraag of groothandelleveranciers dienstverrichters in de zin van de Dienstenrichtlijn zijn en hoe zij aan het elektronisch terbeschikkingstellen van algemene voorwaarden kunnen voldoen. Het tweede arrest behandelt de verplichting van rechters om de terbeschikkingstelling van algemene voorwaarden door gebruikers ambtshalve te controleren.