bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension in a paediatric liver transplant patient
Authors: Shah Tahir , Isaac John , Adams David , Kelly Deirdre ,   the Liver Units
Published: January 2005

Abstract:  Background:  Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) are pulmonary vascular disorders which occur in patients with severe liver disease and/or portal hypertension. Although these syndromes are frequently diagnosed in patients undergoing assessment for liver transplantation, they seldom occur in the same patient.Method:  This report describes a female paediatric patient, born with extra‐hepatic biliary atresia, who required liver transplantation, at the age of 15, for secondary biliary cirrhosis. She had severe HPS prior to her first liver transplant, which resolved rapidly following surgery, as well as indirect evidence for PPH. She required a second liver transplant 1 yr later for chronic rejection. Whilst evaluating the patient for a third liver transplant, 4 yr later, severe PPH was discovered. The patient died 3 months later from right heart failure.Conclusion:  HPS and PPH may coexist however they may show differing responses to liver transplantation with progression of PPH despite the resolution of HPS.
Haemovigilance in a general university hospital: need for a more comprehensive classification and a codification of transfusion‐related events
Authors: Siegenthaler M. A. , Schneider P. , Vu D.‐H. , Tissot J.‐D. 
Published: January 2005

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyse the transfusion‐related events recorded in a general university hospital.Materials and Methods The method we used was retrospective analysis of the data collected between 1999 and 2003.Results The incidence of transfusion reactions (n = 394) was 4·19 per 1000 blood products distributed: 59% (n = 231) were febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions; 22% (n = 88) were caused by allergy; 5% (n = 21) were caused by bacterial infection; and 14% (n = 54) were classified as other reactions. Platelet concentrates gave rise to a significantly greater number of reactions than erythrocyte concentrates and fresh‐frozen plasma. Transfusion errors and near‐miss events were also observed and were analysed separately. A series of transfusion‐related events, such as haemosiderosis, metabolic disturbances or volume overload, were not reported.Conclusions Our experience prompts us to propose a more comprehensive classification and codification of transfusion‐related events.
Association of ABO gene mutations resulting in a rare B subgroup
Authors: Sousa N. , Anicchino‐Bizzacchi J. M. , Leite E. M. , Locatelli M. F. , Albuquerque D. , Costa F. F. , Barjas‐Castro M. L. 
Published: January 2005

Background and Objectives  B subgroups are rare and the genetic analysis reported to date has been limited.Materials and Methods  Serological and molecular investigations were performed in blood from a B‐subgroup donor.Results  Red cells did not react with anti‐B and anti‐AB reagents. However, cells absorbed anti‐B. Red cells presented positive reactions with anti‐H, and saliva secreted H substance. The molecular study demonstrated a B allele with the substitutions 467C>T, 646T>A, 681G>A, 771C>T, 796C>A, 803G>C, 829G>A and an O allele with the sequence of O02.Conclusions  It is probable that the presence in exon 7 of some of the O02 substitutions could have weakened the enzymatic activity of the encoded B transferase.
Primary autoimmune neutropenia in children: a study of neutrophil antibodies and clinical course
Authors: Bruin M. , Dassen A. , Pajkrt D. , Buddelmeyer L. , Kuijpers T. , De Haas M. 
Published: January 2005

Background and Objectives  Primary autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) in children is characterized by severe neutropenia, but mild bacterial infections and a spontaneous resolution. Neutrophil autoantibodies are involved in the disease. The precise relationship between the specificity and level of reactivity of the antibodies with the absolute neutrophil count and frequency of infections is not known. To obtain a better insight into this relationship, we performed a follow‐up study in 15 patients with primary AIN. In addition, we performed two different neutrophil antibody tests to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity.Materials and Methods  Blood samples from 15 children were tested for neutrophil antibodies, at different time‐points during the disease, by using the indirect granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) and the monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of granulocyte antigens (MAIGA) assay. Clinical data related to the occurrence of bacterial infections and treatment, and neutrophil counts were collected.Results  Early in the disease, antibodies with pan‐FcRIIIb specificity were detected, and HNA‐1a or HNA‐1b specificity of the antibodies developed over time. The sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil antibody detection tests were higher in the GIFT than in the MAIGA assay. Variables predicting time of recovery from neutropenia were not found. Prophylactic antibiotics led to the almost complete disappearance of infections.Conclusions  In patients with primary neutropenia, neutrophil antibody specificity changes over time. Prophylactic antibiotics do benefit the patients.
Heterogeneity of platelet responsiveness to anti‐CD36 in plasma associated with adverse transfusion reactions
Authors: Wakamoto S. , Fujihara M. , Urushibara N. , Morishita K. , Kaneko S. , Yasuda H. , Takayama H. , Yamamoto S. , Azuma H. , Ikeda H. 
Published: January 2005

Background and Objectives  Antibodies to CD36 (anti‐CD36) are clinically important. As some platelet immunoglobulins produced by transfusion or pregnancy have been shown to induce platelet activation and to play roles in non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTRs), we investigated the in vitro response of platelets to plasma containing anti‐CD36.Materials and Methods  Plasma containing anti‐CD36, implicated in the development of NHTRs and subsequent thrombocytopenia, was incubated with CD36‐positive platelets. Plasma‐induced platelet activation was examined by evaluating platelet aggregation and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal, T‐cell expressed, and presumably secreted) release.Results  Platelet activation was induced by plasma alone in four out of 20 CD36‐positive subjects. In seven subjects, platelet activation was synergistically induced by the combination of epinephrine priming and the plasma. The platelets of the nine remaining subjects failed to respond to the plasma. Platelet activation induced by either the plasma alone or by synergy with epinephrine required the involvement of FcγRIIa. The different responsiveness of the platelets was partially associated with the surface levels of CD36 and FcγRIIa, but not with FcγRIIa polymorphisms.Conclusions  Plasma containing anti‐CD36, implicated in the development of NHTRs, exhibited a platelet‐activating capability. Additionally, platelets from healthy human subjects exhibited a considerable degree of heterogeneity in their responsiveness to this plasma. The heterogeneity of these responses may determine the occurrence of anti‐CD36‐related NHTRs.
The impact of two whole blood inline filters on markers of coagulation, complement and cell activation
Authors: Runkel S. , Bach J. , Haubelt H. , Anders C. , Hitzler W. , Hellstern P. 
Published: January 2005

Background and Objectives  There exists a current lack of information about the impact of different inline filters, used for the leucoreduction of whole blood (WB), on the levels of clotting factors and markers of coagulation, complement and cell activation in plasma. Only a few small comparisons of different types of WB inline filters have been published to date.Materials and Methods  This study compared two plasma types of 200 units each. Both study groups were derived from WB, inline‐filtered and held for 2 h at 20° between donation and filtration. Then, 200 units (Group A) were filtered using a positively charged polyester filter (Baxter RZ2000) and the other 200 units (Group B) were filtered using an uncharged polyester filter (Fresenius). After filtration, both groups were analysed for fibrinogen, factors V and VIII:C (FV and FVIII:C, respectively), immunoglobulin G (IgG), residual leucocytes and platelets, and markers of coagulation, complement and cell activation. Predonation plasma samples from CPDA1‐anticoagulated blood were obtained from 100 different individuals and served as controls.Results  WB inline filtration did not influence fibrinogen, FV, FVIII:C or IgG levels. Neither filter induced thrombin or fibrin formation. The charged filter caused substantial complement activation and neutrophil elastase and platelet factor 4 release. In contrast, the plasma filtered through the uncharged filter showed markedly lower levels of C3a‐desArg, C5a, neutrophil elastase and platelet factor 4, and moderately reduced levels of prothrombin fragments 1+2 and d‐dimer, compared with controls.Conclusions  Filter type has a significant impact on the quality of plasma derived from WB filtered through inline filtration systems. Some filters produce substantial coagulation and complement activation and cell release, while others appear to reduce the plasma levels of activation markers. The clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined.
A New Report of Fruit Rot of Lemon Caused byCeratocystis radicicolafrom Iran
Authors: Mirzaee M. R. , Mohammadi M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn the year 2000, a fungus was isolated from rotting lemon (Citrus limon) fruit in the Kahnouj region, south‐eastern Iran and subsequently identified asCeratocystis radicicola(anamorph:Chalarasp.). A pathogenicity test was carried out to fulfil Koch's postulates. The pathogen could only enter the ripen lemon fruit and cause the rot disease through the wounds and cracks. The fungus was also pathogenic on fruit of other citrus species as well as date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Symptom development was slow on fruits on the tree but accelerated after fruit harvest.
Sulphur Deficiency Causes a Reduction in Antimicrobial Potential and Leads to Increased Disease Susceptibility of Oilseed Rape
Authors: Dubuis P.‐H. , Marazzi C. , Städler E. , Mauch F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe reduction of atmospheric sulphur dioxide pollution is causing increasing problems of sulphur deficiency in sulphur‐demanding crop plants in northern Europe. Elemental sulphur and many sulphur containing compounds such as cysteine‐rich antifungal proteins, glucosinolates (GSL) and phytoalexins play important roles in plant disease resistance. The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of inadequate sulphur supply on disease resistance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Compared with fertilized oilseed rape, healthy looking S‐deficient plants showed increased susceptibility to the blackleg fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, to the generalist necrotroph Botrytis cinerea and to the oomycete Phytophthora brassicae. To analyse possible causes of the increased disease susceptibility of S‐deficient plants, protein extracts and methanolic extracts of secondary metabolites of plants grown with and without adequate sulphur supply were tested for antimicrobial activity. None of the protein extracts showed antimicrobial activity. However, extracts containing secondary metabolites from normally grown plants showed a strong antimicrobial activity in in vitro tests with various fungal and bacterial pathogens. This activity was almost totally lost in extracts derived from S‐deficient plants. The antimicrobial activity did not appear to be based on the activity of phytoalexins because it was present in healthy plants and was not increased by a previous inoculation with Botrytis cinerea. The loss of antifungal activity in S‐deficient plants correlated with a strong reduction of various GSL, thus suggesting a reduced level of GSL as a possible cause of the reduced antimicrobial potential. However, limited tests of commercially available GSL or their degradation products did not demonstrate a causal link. Our results show that S‐deficiency of oilseed rape negatively affects disease resistance and suggest that this effect is at least partially caused by a reduction of sulphur‐dependent phytoanticipins.
A Real‐Time Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection of Sphaeropsis sapinea from Inoculated Pinus nigra Shoots
Authors: Luchi N. , Capretti P. , Surico G. , Orlando C. , Pazzagli M. , Pinzani P. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract Pinus nigra (Austrian pine) is a tree widely planted in central and southern Europe in the reforestation of areas with poor soils. One of the major constrains of P. nigra is a fungal disease caused by Sphaeropsis sapinea which causes shoot tip dieback and tree mortality. This paper describes a real‐time quantitative PCR assay based on the partial sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA of S. sapinea to detect and quantify DNA of the fungal pathogen in S. sapinea inoculated shoots. The study found that real‐time quantitative PCR was a reliable technique to diagnose this disease and suggests that it can also be used to study fungal behaviour in host tissue and particularly to quantify fungal growth in the latent or endophytic phase.
Effect of Sowing Time on Development of Safflower Anthracnose Disease and Degree of Resistance in Various Cultivars
Authors: Park S. D. , Park K. S. , Kim K. J. , Kim J. C. , Yoon J. T. , Khan Z. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractField experiments were conducted under natural as well as under vinyl house conditions to determine the effect of sowing time on development of anthracnose of safflower caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, and to determine the level of resistance of seven cultivars. When crops were sown from March 1 to April 1; safflower anthracnose disease (SAD) incidence was low and increased slowly (0.7–10.9%) throughout the growing season. When sowing was delayed to April 15, disease incidence ranged between 29.5 and 48.5% from late May to July. Similarly, SAD severity and its severity index were higher (3.5 and 3.3, respectively) in plots sown on April 15 than in the plots sown from March 1 to April 1 (1.9–2.4 and 1.8–2.2, respectively). In contrast under vinyl houses that sheltered from rain, sowing time did not affect neither SAD, nor severity and severity index, which were 5.7–6.4%, 1.5–1.7 and 1.5–1.7, respectively. Among seven cultivars tested for resistance to SAD, Uisong‐1, China‐2 and India were highly susceptible (80–97%) under natural conditions followed by China‐1, Uisan, Uisong‐7 and Cheongsu (27–35%); however, under vinyl house conditions, SAD was lower (5.7–8.2%) and there was no significant difference between cultivars.
In Vitro Selection for Improved Plant Resistance to Toxin‐Producing Pathogens
Authors: ŠVábová L. , Lebeda A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSimultaneously with the progress in plant biotechnology since the 1980s, new methods in plant pathology have been developed. This review summarizes papers that cover basic research on the effects of selective agents on in vitro cultures of host plants, as well as applications of agents in regeneration systems that result in lines with increased variability in resistance or susceptibility. The first part of the study deals with theoretical aspects of the interactions between plants and toxin‐producing pathogens, mode of phytotoxic action, and host‐ and non‐host‐selective toxins. The second part lists and describes various agents used for selections in vitro. In the last two decades more than 100 publications focused on these selections for the improvement of resistance to plant pathogens. Over 30 plant species were examined to utilise various selection agents extracted from about 40 plant pathogens. The review covers basic research studies and methods that elucidate the relationships between in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of resistance, but also try to develop practical applications to obtain resistant breeding lines. Such methods often utilise some type of explant cultures of the host plants that are treated with various selective agents (culture filtrates, toxins, elicitors), which then elicit typical reactions that parallel those by the pathogens. Their application successfully resulted in resistant lines in banana, carnation, grapevine, strawberry and wheat. Nowadays, these techniques are an important complement to classical breeding methods.
The role of spatial scale and the perception of large‐scale species‐richness patterns
Authors: Rahbek Carsten 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDespite two centuries of exploration, our understanding of factors determining the distribution of life on Earth is in many ways still in its infancy. Much of the disagreement about governing processes of variation in species richness may be the result of differences in our perception of species‐richness patterns. Until recently, most studies of large‐scale species‐richness patterns assumed implicitly that patterns and mechanisms were scale invariant. Illustrated with examples and a quantitative analysis of published data on altitudinal gradients of species richness (n = 204), this review discusses how scale effects (extent and grain size) can influence our perception of patterns and processes. For example, a hump‐shaped altitudinal species‐richness pattern is the most typical (c. 50%), with a monotonic decreasing pattern (c. 25%) also frequently reported, but the relative distribution of patterns changes readily with spatial grain and extent. If we are to attribute relative impact to various factors influencing species richness and distribution and to decide at which point along a spatial and temporal continuum they act, we should not ask only how results vary as a function of scale but also search for consistent patterns in these scale effects. The review concludes with suggestions of potential routes for future analytical exploration of species‐richness patterns.
Dispersal‐induced desynchronization: from metapopulations to metacommunities
Authors: Koelle Katia , Vandermeer John 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe conceptualization of fragmented populations in terms of metapopulation theory has become standard over the last three decades. It is well known that increases in between‐patch migration rates cause more synchronous population fluctuations and that this coherence increases the risk of global metapopulation extinction. Because species’ migration rates and the probability of individuals surviving migration events depend on the effective distance between patches, the benefit of improving conservation corridors or the matrix between habitat patches has been questioned. As populations occur in the context of larger communities, moving from a metapopulation to a metacommunity model framework is a natural extension to address the generality of these conclusions. We show how considering a metacommunity can modify the conclusion that decreasing the effective distance between habitat patches (via improving matrix quality or other measures) necessarily increases the degree of metapopulation synchrony. We show that decreases in effective between‐patch distance may deter population synchrony because of the simultaneous effect this change has on the migration patterns of other species. These results indicate that species interactions need to be considered when the effect of conservation measures on population synchrony, and ultimately persistence, is addressed.
Anthropogenic impacts upon plant species richness and net primary productivity in California
Authors: Williams John W. , Seabloom Eric W. , Slayback Daniel , Stoms David M. , Viers Joshua H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe assess the importance of anthropogenic land‐use, altered productivity, and species invasions for observed productivity–richness relationships in California. To this end, we model net primary productivity (NPP) c. 1750 AD and at present (1982–1999) and map native and exotic vascular plant richness for 230 subecoregions. NPP has increased up to 105% in semi‐arid areas and decreased up to 48% in coastal urbanized areas. Exotic invasions have increased local species diversity up to 15%. Human activities have reinforced historical gradients in species richness but reduced the spatial heterogeneity of NPP. Structural equation modelling suggests that, prior to European settlement, NPP and richness were primarily controlled by precipitation and other abiotic variables, with NPP mediating richness. Abiotic variables remain the strongest predictors of present NPP and richness, but intermodel comparisons indicate a significant anthropogenic impact upon statewide distributions of NPP and richness. Exotic and native species each positively correlate to NPP after controlling for other variables, which may help explain recent reports of positively associated native and exotic richness.
Microevolution in agricultural environments: how a traditional Amerindian farming practice favours heterozygosity in cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz, Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Pujol Benoît , David Patrice , McKey Doyle 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe demonstrate a novel case of selection for heterozygosity in nature, involving inadvertent human selection on a population of domesticated plants. Amerindian farmers propagate cassava (Manihot esculenta) clonally by cuttings. Seedlings also appear spontaneously in fields, and farmers allow them to grow, later using some for cuttings. These ‘volunteers’ contribute new genotypes. However, many are inbred, whereas multiplied clones are highly heterozygous. We demonstrate the selective retention of heterozygous volunteers. When farmers weeded fields, they killed small volunteers, but retained large ones. Plant size and heterozygosity were correlated, and both increased after weeding. The process we document allows maintenance of genotypically diverse and heterozygous clonal stocks. Demonstrating heterosis in nature usually requires large sample sizes, but novel features of our system allowed escape of this constraint. Traditional agroecosystems offer unusual opportunities for the microevolutionary studies required to give on‐farm conservation of genetic resources a solid scientific basis.
Insect herbivory stimulates allelopathic exudation by an invasive plant and the suppression of natives
Authors: Thelen Giles C. , Vivanco Jorge M. , Newingham Beth , Good William , Bais Harsh P. , Landres Peter , Caesar Anthony , Callaway Ragan M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractExotic invasive plants are often subjected to attack from imported insects as a method of biological control. A fundamental, but rarely explicitly tested, assumption of biological control is that damaged plants are less fit and compete poorly. In contrast, we find that one of the most destructive invasive plants in North America, Centaurea maculosa, exudes far higher amounts of (±)‐catechin, an allelopathic chemical known to have deleterious effects on native plants, when attacked by larvae of two different root boring biocontrol insects and a parasitic fungus. We also demonstrate that C. maculosa plants experimentally attacked by one of these biocontrols exhibit more intense negative effects on natives.