bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between histamine‐induced itch and experimental muscle pain
Authors: Wasner G. , Schwarz K. , Schattschneider J. , Binder A. , Jensen T.S. , Baron R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractItch sensation can be inhibited by simultaneously applied cutaneous pain at the same skin site via a central mechanism. Deep muscle pain is often associated with sensory changes in the corresponding dermatome. We investigated whether experimentally induced muscle pain has any influence on histamine‐induced itch and vice versa in a double blind placebo‐controlled study. Experiments were performed in 18 healthy subjects. In nine individuals control iontophoresis of histamine into the forearm produced a distinct itch sensation. Another nine individuals participated in an additional experiment in which histamine and saline were iontophoresed on the forearm in a randomized double‐blinded two‐way crossover design after intramuscular injection of capsaicin into the ipsilateral brachioradial muscle. Capsaicin‐induced muscle pain reduced itch sensation significantly. In contrast, capsaicin‐induced muscle pain increased significantly after cutaneous histamine application compared to muscle pain after iontophoresis of saline (placebo). These novel data indicate that muscle pain inhibits itch and histamine increases muscle pain. A bi‐directional interaction between cutaneous histamine‐sensitive afferents and nociceptive muscle afferents via central mechanisms is suggested.
Allopurinol challenge tests performed before and after living‐related donor liver transplantation in citrullinaemia
Authors: Ito T. , Sumi S. , Kidouchi K. , Ban K. , Ueta A. , Hashimoto T. , Togari H. , Wada Y. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: We performed allopurinol challenge tests to evaluate the metabolic state of a citrullinaemic patient who received a living‐relative donor liver transplant. Before transplantation, large amounts of orotic acid and orotidine were excreted during the challenge test. Following transplantation, excretion of these compounds in response to allopurinol was normalised. The challenge test was a safe and useful method to evaluate the metabolic state of the patient.
Once‐daily pantoprazole 40 mg and esomeprazole 40 mg have equivalent overall efficacy in relieving GERD‐related symptoms
Authors: Scholten T. , Gatz G. , Hole U. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryAim : To compare the efficacy of pantoprazole and esomeprazole for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐ (GERD‐) related symptoms.Methods : In this multicentre, randomized, double‐blind study 217 patients [intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population] diagnosed with endoscopically proven GERD grade B/C received pantoprazole (40 mg once daily (o.d.), n = 112] or esomeprazole (40 mg o.d/, n = 105) for 4 weeks. Patients recorded GERD‐related symptoms (daytime and night‐time) using diaries (daily), and/or by telephone interviews (every third day) and completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire. The area under the time curve (AUC) for the sum score of GERD‐related symptoms (symptom load of each patient during the treatment) and the time to reach adequate relief from GERD‐related symptoms were calculated.Results : Patients reported first adequate relief from daytime GERD‐related symptoms after a mean of 3.7 (pantoprazole) and 5.9 days (esomeprazole) (P = 0.034); the values for the night‐time were 1.7 and 3.5 days, respectively (P = 0.012, ITT). The AUCs for the single symptoms and the sum scores were comparable.Conclusions : Treatment with pantoprazole resulted in significantly faster first‐time relief from daytime and night‐time GERD‐related symptoms than esomeprazole. Pantoprazole and esomeprazole were similar with respect to reduction of load of GERD‐related symptoms.
Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enoxaparin in unstable angina and non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Bruno René , Baille Pascale , Retout Sylvie , Vivier Nicole , Veyrat‐Follet Christine , Sanderink Ger‐Jan , Becker Richard , Antman Elliott M. 
Published: September 2003

Aims  A major concern with any antithrombotic therapy is an increase in the risk of haemorrhage. The aim of this study was to analyse population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships for enoxaparin in patients with unstable angina (UA) and non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), which may help predict risk of haemorrhage.Methods  Anti‐factor Xa (anti‐Xa) activity was measured as marker of enoxaparin concentration in 448 patients receiving the drug as a single 30‐mg intravenous bolus followed by 1.0 or 1.25 mg kg−1 subcutaneously twice a day. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted and individual estimates of enoxaparin clearance and area under the curve were tested as prognostic factors for the occurrence of haemorrhagic episodes.Results  Basic population PK parameters were an enoxaparin clearance of  0.733 l h−1[95% confidence interval (CI) 0.698, 0.738], a distribution volume of 5.24 l (95% CI 4.20, 6.28) and an elimination half‐life of 5.0 h. Enoxaparin clearance was significantly related to patient weight and creatinine clearance, and was the only independent predictor of experiencing both all (10.7%, P = 0.0013) and major (2.2%, P = 0.0004) haemorrhagic events. A creatinine clearance of 30 ml min−1 was associated with a decrease in enoxaparin clearance of 27% compared with that in a patient  with  a  median  creatinine  clearance  of  88 ml min−1,  and  was  related  to  a 1.5‐ and 3.8‐fold increase in the risk of ‘all’ and ‘major’ haemorrhagic episodes, respectively.Conclusions  Enoxaparin clearance depends on body weight, and, therefore, weight‐adjusted dosing is recommended to minimize interpatient variability in drug exposure and the risk of haemorrhage. The importance of an increased risk of haemorrhage with decreasing renal function must be weighed against the benefit of treatment with enoxaparin in patients with UA and NSTEMI.
Differences in the perception by farmers of organizations acting as sources of information on improved plant genetic resources
Authors: Draper Simon 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe perception by arable farmers in the UK of research organizations and companies acting as sources of information relating to plant genetic resource utilization is represented using brand strength plots. In development situations there exist considerable difficulties in achieving technology transfer. The method of brand analysis applied in this paper could be extended to characterize options in the selection of vectors for technology transfer in development programmes. A survey of potential vectors such as television, radio, extension services, univer- sities, government agencies and commercial companies would reveal their comparative brand strength and hence utility for achieving development objectives.
The Pleasure of your Company: Arendt, Kristeva, and an Ethics of Public Happiness
Authors: Birmingham Peg 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this essay, I examine Arendt's and Kristeva's account of the archaic event of natality, arguing that each attempts to show how this event is the source of our pleasure in the company of others. I first examine Arendt's understanding of natality, showing that in her early writings, specifically in The Origin of Totalitarianism, the event of natality carries with it a capacity for violence that Arendt does not continue to develop in her later formulations. This lack of development leaves her later thought, specifically her notion of "public happiness" strangely light-minded on the topic of domination, unable to give an account of how violence can be part and parcel of our appearance in the public space itself. I then turn to Kristeva's understanding of the event of natality, arguing that her account, specifically the "violence beneath our desires" contributes significantly to Arendt's account of natality, allowing us to understand how pleasure in the company of others is possible despite such violence. I argue that Kristeva locates our capacity for public happiness in the aspect of natality Arendt abandons in her later thought. I conclude by showing how Kristeva's account of natality provides a foundation for Arendt's understanding of public happiness.
History's Remains: Of Memory, Mourning, and the Event
Authors: Naas Michael 
Published: September 2003

AbstractJacques Derrida has written much in recent years on the topic of mourning. This essay takes Derrida's insights into mourning in general and collective mourning in particular in order to ask about the relationship between mourning and politics. Taking a lead from a recent work of Derrida's on Jean-François Lyotard, the essay develops its argument through two examples, one from ancient Greece and one from twentiethcentury America: the role mourning plays in the constitution and maintenance of the state in Plato's Laws and the controversy surrounding the consecration of the tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Vietnam in Arlington National Cemetery. This latter example provides the occasion for questioning the possibilities of mourning the unknown or the unidentifiable and for addressing some of the ways in which the United States has mourned or failed to mourn, remembered or failed to remember, in the wake of September 11.
Multi‐variable relations for soil effects on seismic ground motion
Authors: Bouckovalas George D. , Papadimitriou Achilleas G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSoil effects on peak ground acceleration, velocity and elastic response spectra (5% damping) are expressed by simple approximate relations in terms of five key parameters: (a) the fundamental vibration period of the non‐linear soil, TS, (b) the period of a bedrock site of equal thickness, Tb, (c) the predominant excitation period, Te, (d) the peak seismic acceleration at outcropping bedrock, a, and (e) the number of significant excitation cycles, n. Furthermore, another relation is proposed for the estimation of TS in terms of the soil thickness H, the average shear wave velocity of the soil V̄S,o and a. The aforementioned parameters were first identified through a simplified analytical simulation of the site excitation. The multivariable approximate relations were then formulated via a statistical analysis of relevant data from more than 700 one‐dimensional equivalent‐linear seismic ground response analyses, for actual seismic excitations and natural soil conditions. Use of these relations to back‐calculate the numerical results in the database gives an estimate of their error margin, which is found to be relatively small and unbiased. The proposed relations are also independently verified through a detailed comparison with strong motion recordings from seven well‐documented case studies: (a) two sites in the San Fernando valley during the Northridge earthquake, and (b) five different seismic events recorded at the SMART‐1 accelerometer array in Taiwan. It is deduced that the accuracy of the relations is comparable to that of the equivalent‐linear method. Hence, they can be readily used as a quick alternative for routine applications, as well as for spreadsheet computations (e.g. GIS‐aided seismic microzonation studies) where numerical methods are cumbersome to implement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns in Holocene colluvium and alluvial fans across the prairie–forest transition in the midcontinent USA
Authors: Bettis E. Arthur 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe sediments composing alluvial fans and colluvial slopes harbor some of the most well‐preserved and continuous records of human habitation on the North American continent. Geoarchaeological investigations in the midcontinent of North America have revealed spatial and temporal patterns of sedimentation that control regional and local visibility, preservation, and distribution of archaeological deposits in colluvial slope and alluvial fan settings. Regional colluvial slope and alluvial fan sedimentation began ca. 8,500 yr B.P. Two major fan and slope building episodes are represented in most areas: 8500–6500 and 6000–2000 yr B.P. Within each of the major aggradation episodes, sedimentation was episodic, with shorter intervening periods of reduced sedimentation and soil formation. Late Holocene shifting of feeder stream trenches removed earlier apex and mid‐fan fan sediments, formed a complex series of cut‐and‐fill fan‐trench sequences, and deposited a series of coalescing distal fan lobes. Archaeological deposits older than approximately 8500 yr B.P. pre‐date aggradation of Holocene alluvial fans and colluvial slopes and are not found in these landforms, while archaeological deposits younger than 2000 yr B.P. are shallowly buried on colluvial slopes and alluvial fans except in filled fan‐head trenches and distal fan lobes. The challenge for interpreting and managing cultural resources in alluvial fan and colluvial slope settings is to properly evaluate how geologic processes have modified cultural patterns and affected the visibility of the archaeological record. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethical and legal approaches to ‘the fetal patient’
Authors: Dickens B.M. , Cook R.J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe concept of fetuses being ‘patients’ can serve a benign protective, cautionary purpose, alerting healthcare providers and pregnant women to the implications that medical treatment can have for fetuses. The concept allows women to provide the children they intend to deliver with the care they consider appropriate. A negative effect occurs, however, if healthcare providers decide to treat pregnant women according to providers’ own views of the best interests of fetuses, and compromise patients’ care and self‐determination without their informed consent. Some activists advocate rights of fetuses for the purpose of limiting pregnant women's self‐determination. Recognition that fetuses have legitimate interests, rather than rights, is common, and opens a way to balancing various competing interests without compromising patients’ rights to decide on their medical care. Courts of law generally favor this approach, and tend to allow few limits on women's choice of indicated medical care while pregnant.
Adolescents and their parents’ perceptions about parenting characteristics. Who can better predict the adolescent's academic competence?
Authors: Pelegrina Santiago , Garcı́a‐Linares M.Cruz , Casanova Pedro F 
Published: September 2003

ABSTRACTThis study examined family factors reported by parents and their children in relation to children's academic competence. Adolescents and their parents (N=323) reported about the same family characteristics: parental acceptance and involvement in the children's education. Measures related to children's academic competence were: academic competence rated by the teacher, self‐reported grades, perceived academic competence and motivational orientation. The results revealed low interrater agreement in family measures. Moreover, ratings by children about parenting characteristics seem higher than those of their parents in predicting academic‐related measures. This was true especially in the case of children's reports on acceptance. However, in the case of involvement, parent's reports contributed towards predicting a higher number of variables.
Clinical Outcomes for the Surgical Treatment of Sinonasal Headache
Authors: Harley David H. , Powitzky Eric S. , Duncavage James 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to explore the changes in patient‐relevant clinical outcomes in a selected group undergoing surgery for nasal septal and turbinate abnormalities.STUDY DESIGNSeventy‐nine consecutive patients with headache and correctable anatomic nasal obstruction were seen at the study institution from March 1998 to May 2000. These patients were evaluated for changes in patient‐relevant clinical outcomes measures after surgical correction of their anatomic abnormalities.RESULTSSeventy‐one patients underwent surgical correction of nasal obstruction. More than half of these patients had contact points preoperatively. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the patient population with respect to 8 of the 10 clinical outcomes measures. Importantly, a decrease in the severity and frequency of headaches was noted after surgery, especially after the correction of contact points.CONCLUSIONThe surgical correction of the septum and turbinates resulted in predictable improvement in headache and a majority of other important outcomes measures.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPain may improve after surgical correction of septal and turbinate abnormalities in a properly selected group.
A Clinical Questionnaire for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: KAMATH V. , STOTHARD J. 
Published: September 2003

This prospective study compared the sensitivities of a scored questionnaire and electrophysiological examination in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients were assessed by a hand surgeon using a scored questionnaire, and then underwent an electrophysiological assessment by an experienced neurophysiologist (blinded to the questionnaire results). Patients diagnosed as having carpal tunnel syndrome by either the questionnaire, the electrophysiological examination or both underwent decompression. Symptom relief was taken as the “gold standard” for true carpal tunnel syndrome. The results showed a sensitivity of 85% for the scored questionnaire and 92% for nerve conduction studies with a positive predictive value of 90% for the scored questionnaire and 92% for nerve conduction studies. The authors recommend that a scored questionnaire can replace nerve conduction studies in the initial assessment of whether patients presenting with dysaesthesiae in the fingers should undergo surgery. This will give major time, personnel and cost benefits.
Transdermal fentanyl: informed prescribing is essential
Authors: Ross Joy R. , Quigley Columba 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWhile morphine is historically the gold standard for the management of severe cancer pain, some patients either do not achieve adequate analgesia, or suffer intolerable side‐effects. For these patients an alternative opioid is recommended. One such alternative is the potent mu opioid agonist fentanyl, delivered in a transdermal controlled release formulation. Similar to morphine, transdermal fentanyl is effective for the management of moderate to severe cancer pain. However, inappropriate prescribing of transdermal fentanyl, particularly in the clinical setting of unstable pain, can cause significant opioid toxicity, as highlighted in the case reports described.
Mutation analysis of copper transporter genes in patients with ethylmalonic encephalopathy, mitochondriopathies and copper deficiency phenotypes
Authors: Fu X. , Rinaldo P. , Hahn S. H. , Kodama H. , Packman S. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: The trace metal copper is an essential cofactor for a number of biological processes, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, free‐radical eradication, neurotransmitter synthesis and maturation, and iron metabolism. Consequently, copper transport at the cell surface and the delivery of copper to intracellular proteins are critical events in normal cellular homeostasis. Four genes have been reported to influence the cellular uptake and the delivery of copper to specific cell compartments and proteins. These include hCTR1, which regulates cellular copper uptake; HAH1, which mediates the transfer of copper to the Menkes and Wilson disease transporters; CCS, which is related to the transfer of copper to superoxide dismutase; and hCOX17, which directs trafficking of copper to mitochondrial cytochrome‐c oxidase. At present, no genetic disorders have been associated with defects in these four copper transporter genes. In this study, we test the possibility that defective copper uptake or intracellular translocation represents the basic defect in three categories of candidate phenotypes among 22 patients: ethylmalonic encephalopathy; mitochondriopathies of unknown aetiology; and neurodevelopmental abnormalities with clinical and chemical evidence of copper deficiency. Mutation analyses of the copper uptake protein, hCTR1, and the three copper chaperones were performed by direct sequencing of the whole coding regions. No causative mutations were identified for the four copper transporter genes in 22 patients. A heterozygous polymorphism (847G>A) for CCS was detected in 7 patients. For the distinct disease entity ethylmalonic encephalopathy, we additionally show normal mRNA levels for each of the four genes. The negative results notwithstanding, we encourage ongoing study of additional patients with candidate phenotypes. Further, our results are consistent with the notion that other unknown copper‐related transporters could be involved in diseases.
The relationship of plasma glutamine to ammonium and of glycine to acid–base balance in propionic acidaemia
Authors: Al‐Hassnan Z. N. , Boyadjiev S. A. , Praphanphoj V. , Hamosh A. , Braverman N. E. , Thomas G. H. , Geraghty M. T. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: Hyperammonaemia is a common and serious complication of propionic acidaemia. Treatment of hyperammonaemia with sodium phenylacetate or phenylbutyrate has not been well studied in this disorder. We reviewed the medical records of 5 patients with propionic acidaemia over a 16‐year period. We collected information on events where plasma amino acids and ammonium, plasma acids and acid‐base balance, or all 3 parameters were obtained simultaneously. All patients were on protein‐restricted diet and carnitine throughout the period. In contrast to hyperammonaemia in patients with a urea cycle disorder, plasma glutamine levels were below the normal mean and there was no correlation between plasma ammonium and glutamine levels. The absence of positive correlation between plasma glutamine and ammonium suggests that the routine use of sodium phenylacetate or phenylbutyrate to treat hyperammonaemia in propionic acidaemia should be questioned until further studies are done. Throughout follow‐up of our propionic acidaemia patients, we have observed that plasma glycine levels correlated positively with serum bicarbonate. The association of high plasma glycine with good acid‐base balance might have a potential role in management and warrants further investigation.
Acetylcholinesterase induces neuronal cell loss, astrocyte hypertrophy and behavioral deficits in mammalian hippocampus
Authors: Chacón Marcelo A. , Reyes Ariel E. , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) promotes the assembly of amyloid‐β‐peptides into neurotoxic amyloid fibrils and is toxic for chick retina neuronal cultures and neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, AChE is present in senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Here we have studied the effect of AChE on astrocytes and hippocampal neurons in vivo. Morphological as well as behavioral disturbances were analyzed after intrahippocampal injection of AChE. Rats were trained in the Morris water maze and assayed for behavioral parameters. Neuronal cell loss was found in the upper leaf of the dentate gyrus in rats injected with AChE in comparison with control animals. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity showed astrocytic hypertrophy and the magnitude of the response was associated with neuronal cell loss. Behavioral results show that injection of AChE produces cognitive impairment demonstrated by an altered water maze performance including (i) a higher escape latency score, (ii) a decreased spatial acuity and (iii) a shorter time of swimming in the platform quadrant. These findings indicate that a local increment in neuronal AChE concentration at the mammalian hippocampus, such as those present in amyloid deposits, may play a role in triggering neuropathological and behavioral changes such as those observed in AD brains.