bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International disease burden of acute viral hepatitis among adolescents and young adults: An observational study
Authors: Yang Qing , Lin Tianxiang , Zhao Yanrong , Qiu Yinwei , Jiang Xuewen , Yang Hongyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdolescents and young adults are the driving force of social development, and the prevalence of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in this population cannot be ignored. At present, there are few studies on the disease burden of AVH in this age group, and most studies focus on chronic liver disease. In this study, we identified global trends in the burden of AVH among adolescents and young adults (15–29) to help policymakers implement precise disease interventions. In this observational study of disease trends, we collected data exclusively from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. This study examined the trends in the prevalence, incidence and mortality of AVH among adolescents and young adults in 21 regions of the world from 2009 to 2019. Age‐specific disease trends were analysed with a joinpoint regression model. The overall global disease burden of AVH declined. The prevalence rate per 100,000 people decreased from 316.13 in 2009 to 198.79 in 2019, the incidence rate decreased from 3245.52 in 2009 to 2091.93 in 2019, and the death rate decreased from 0.87 in 2009 to 0.43 in 2019. During the study period, the prevalence of hepatitis B virtues (HBV) in the young population decreased, but the downward trend of other types of hepatitis other than HBV was not obvious, especially HAV, which even showed an upward trend. Among adolescents and young adults aged 15–29 years, Western Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence of AVH in 2019. There were significant differences in mortality rates among different age groups; 20–24 was the age group with the highest mortality rate from 2009 to 2019, followed by the 15–19 and 25–29 age groups. Although the overall global AVH disease burden declined, some causes of AVH, such as HAV, showed an upward trend during the study period. In addition, the prevalence of AVH among adolescents and young adults in Asia and Africa was higher than that in other parts of the world and warrants more attention. Finally, more research should be conducted on mortality in the 20–24 age group.
Before and after closed season for beach seine fishing in Ghana: Impact on benthic macroinvertebrates species diversity indices
Authors: Akwetey Margaret Fafa Awushie , Mensah Paul Kojo , Tibu Gertrude , Agboli Naomi Aku , Wiredu Gifty 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBeach seine fishery provides a means of livelihood to many households in Africa and it is widely practiced in the coastal communities of Ghana due to the relatively cheaper operational cost. However, the small mesh sizes of beach seine nets and fishing activities that involve dragging a net through the nearshore seabed tend to destroy fish breeding grounds and capture juvenile fish and non‐target benthic macroinvertebrates, which get discarded. This study investigated the impact that before and after closed season for beach seine fishing had on macroinvertebrates species diversity indices at two Ghanaian beaches with different fishing pressures. The study was carried out at OLA and Sisimbo Beaches located in the Central Region of Ghana, taking advantage of the statutory 1‐month national fishing closed season in July 2022. Six (6) replicate sediment samples were taken at each beach after landing by beach seine fishers every month for 6 months, from April to June, and August to October, representing before and after closed season, respectively. Benthic macroinvertebrates were retrieved from the samples using appropriate protocols and subjected to indirect (Shannon, Simpson, Rényi) and direct (species abundance models, species accumulation models, multivariate statistics) measures of species diversity analyses. The indirect species diversity indices increased monotonically the following 2 months after closed season but reduced in the third month after closed season at both beaches. Conversely, the direct measures of diversity indices revealed that closed season for beach seine fishing improved species numbers and richness at both study beaches. This is the first report on the impact of a closed season on macroinvertebrates in any African country.
Variation in phenotypic plasticity across age‐at‐maturity genotypes in wild Atlantic salmon
Authors: Raunsgard Astrid , Persson Lo , Czorlich Yann , Ugedal Ola , Thorstad Eva B. , Karlsson Sten , Fiske Peder , Bolstad Geir H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEvolution of phenotypic plasticity requires genotype–environment interaction. The discovery of two large‐effect loci in the vgll3 and six6 genomic regions associated with the number of years the Atlantic salmon spend feeding at sea before maturation (sea age), provides a unique opportunity to study evolutionary potential of phenotypic plasticity. Using data on 1246 Atlantic salmon caught in the River Surna in Norway, we show that variation in mean sea age among years (smolt cohorts 2013–2018) is influenced by genotype frequencies as well as interaction effects between genotype and year. Genotype–year interactions suggest that genotypes may differ in their response to environmental variation across years, implying genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity. Our results also imply that plasticity in sea age will evolve as an indirect response to selection on mean sea age due to a shared genetic basis. Furthermore, we demonstrate differences between years in the additive and dominance functional genetic effects of vgll3 and six6 on sea age, suggesting that evolutionary responses will vary across environments. Considering the importance of age at maturity for survival and reproduction, genotype–environment interactions likely play an important role in local adaptation and population demography in Atlantic salmon.
Multiple spatial scales of bacterial and fungal structural and functional traits affect carbon mineralization
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Jiao Shuo , Zheng Kaikai , Ni Haowei , Li Dong , Zhang Na , Yang Yunfeng , Zhou Jizhong , Sun Bo , Liang Yuting 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudying the functional heterogeneity of soil microorganisms at different spatial scales and linking it to soil carbon mineralization is crucial for predicting the response of soil carbon stability to environmental changes and human disturbance. Here, a total of 429 soil samples were collected from typical paddy fields in China, and the bacterial and fungal communities as well as functional genes related to carbon mineralization in the soil were analysed using MiSeq sequencing and GeoChip gene microarray technology. We postulate that CO2 emissions resulting from bacterial and fungal carbon mineralization are contingent upon their respective carbon consumption strategies, which rely on the regulation of interactions between biodiversity and functional genes. Our results showed that the spatial turnover of the fungal community was 2–4 times that of the bacterial community from hundreds of meters to thousands of kilometres. The effect of spatial scale exerted a greater impact on the composition rather than the functional characteristics of the microbial community. Furthermore, based on the establishment of functional networks at different spatial scales, we observed that both bacteria and fungi within the top 10 taxa associated with carbon mineralization exhibited a prevalence of generalist species at the regional scale. This study emphasizes the significance of spatial scaling patterns in soil bacterial and fungal carbon degradation functions, deepening our understanding of how the relationship between microbial decomposers and soil heterogeneity impacts carbon mineralization and subsequent greenhouse gas emissions.
Woman, Life, Freedom, One Year Later: Will the Iran Protests Succeed?
Authors: Monshipouri Mahmood , Zamiri Ramtin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis essay argues that the recent protests in Iran, ostensibly driven by the Woman, Life, Freedom movement, are a symbol of a far greater dissatisfaction with arbitrary rule, corruption, and incompetence. While compulsory veiling was the immediate cause, the main drivers are the ailing economy and the decline in public services. Given the depth and breadth of street protests and the ongoing civil disobedience, the Islamic Republic simply cannot return to business as usual. At the same time, the regime is incapable of reinventing itself. It faces political and socioeconomic constraints and a mix of demographic and environmental challenges, among others. As for whether outside pressure can help protesters, the West must balance its championing of the movement with its pursuit of diplomatic engagement on Iran's nuclear program. And Iran is now getting more international assistance by looking eastward to China and Russia. With the government and security forces willing to use violence against protesters, civil disobedience may be the only method to systematically challenge the ruling order.
NLRP3 regulates CIITA/MHC II axis and interferon‐γ‐inducible chemokines in Malassezia globosa‐infected keratinocytes
Authors: Luo Yun , Tang Jin‐Feng , Gao Fei‐Fei , Quan Juan‐Hua , Ma Chuan‐Ting , Li Shi‐Jie , Fan Yi‐Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCIITA, a member of NOD‐like receptor (NLR) family, is the major MHC II trans‐activator and mediator of Th1 immunity, but its function and interaction with NLRP3 have been little studied. We found activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, increased expression of CIITA, CBP, pSTAT1, STAT1, MHC II, IFN‐γ and IFN‐γ‐inducible chemokines (CCL1 and CXCL8), and colocalisation of NLRP3 with CIITA in Malassezia folliculitis lesions, Malassezia globosa‐infected HaCaT cells and mouse skin. CoIP with anti‐CIITA or anti‐NLRP3 antibody pulled down NLRP3 or both CIITA and ASC. NLRP3 silencing or knockout caused CIITA downexpression and their colocalisation disappearance in HaCaT cells and mouse skin of Nlrp3−/− mice, while CIITA knockdown had no effect on NLRP3, ASC, IL‐1β and IL‐18 expression. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and knockdown significantly suppressed IFN‐γ, CCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL10 levels in M. globosa‐infected HaCaT cells. CCL1 and CXCL8 expression was elevated in Malassezia folliculitis lesions and reduced in Nlrp3−/− mice. These results demonstrate that M. globosa can activate NLRP3 inflammasome, CIITA/MHC II signalling and IFN‐γ‐inducible chemokines in human keratinocytes and mouse skin. NLRP3 may regulate CIITA by their binding and trigger Th1 immunity by secreting CCL1 and CXCL8/IL‐8, contributing to the pathogenesis of Malassezia‐associated skin diseases.
Molecular module GmPTF1a/b‐GmNPLa regulates rhizobia infection and nodule formation in soybean
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Chen Jia‐Xin , Lian Wen‐Ting , Zhou Hui‐Wen , He Ying , Li Xin‐Xin , Liao Hong 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Nodulation begins with the initiation of infection threads (ITs) in root hairs. Though mutual recognition and early symbiotic signaling cascades in legumes are well understood, molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial infection processes and successive nodule organogenesis remain largely unexplored.
We functionally investigated a novel pectate lyase enzyme, GmNPLa, and its transcriptional regulator GmPTF1a/b in soybean (Glycine max), where their regulatory roles in IT development and nodule formation were elucidated through investigation of gene expression patterns, bioinformatics analysis, biochemical verification of genetic interactions, and observation of phenotypic impacts in transgenic soybean plants.
GmNPLa was specifically induced by rhizobium inoculation in root hairs. Manipulation of GmNPLa produced remarkable effects on IT and nodule formation. GmPTF1a/b displayed similar expression patterns as GmNPLa, and manipulation of GmPTF1a/b also severely influenced nodulation traits. LI soybeans with low nodulation phenotypes were nearly restored to HI nodulation level by complementation of GmNPLa and/or GmPTF1a. Further genetic and biochemical analysis demonstrated that GmPTF1a can bind to the E‐box motif to activate transcription of GmNPLa, and thereby facilitate nodulation.
Taken together, our findings potentially reveal novel mediation of cell wall gene expression involving the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor GmPTF1a/b acts as a key early regulator of nodulation in soybean.
Combined liver‐kidney transplantation in pediatric patients
Authors: Yi Nam‐Joon , Kim Jiyoung , Hong Su Young , Kang Hee Gyung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCombined liver‐kidney transplantation (CLKT) is a surgical procedure that involves transplanting both liver and kidney organs. There are two types of CLKT: simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation (smLKT) and sequential LKT (sqLKT). CLKT accounts for a small percentage of liver transplantations (LTs), particularly in pediatric cases. Nevertheless, the procedure has demonstrated excellent outcomes, with high survival rates and lower rejection rates. The main indications for CLKT in pediatric patients differ somewhat from that in adults, in which end‐stage kidney disease after LT is the major indication. In children, congenital diseases are common reason for performing CLKT; the examples of such diseases include autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease with congenital hepatic fibrosis which equally affects both organs, and primary hyperoxaluria type 1, a primary liver disease leading kidney failure. The decision between smLKT or sqLKT depends on the dominant organ failure, the specific pathophysiology, and available organ sources. However, there remain significant surgical and societal challenges surrounding CLKT. Innovations in pharmacology and genetic engineering have decreased the necessity for CLKT in early‐diagnosed cases without portal hypertension or kidney replacement therapy. Nonetheless, these advancements are not universally accessible. Therefore, decision‐making algorithms should be crafted, considering region‐specific organ allocation systems and prevailing medical environments.
Immediate extubation after pediatric liver transplantation: Update on a single‐center experience
Authors: Scalise P. Nina , Koo Donna C. , Staffa Steven J. , Cuenca Alex G. , Kovatsis Pete G. , Kim Heung Bae , Lee Eliza J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeImmediate extubation (IE) following liver transplantation (LT) is increasingly common in adult patients. This study reviews our center's experience with IE in children following LT to determine characteristics predictive of successful IE and its effects on post‐operative outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent LT at our institution between January 2005 and November 2022. Patients with concomitant lung transplants and chronic ventilator requirements were excluded.ResultsOverall, 235 patients met study criteria. IE was achieved in 164 (69.8%) patients across all diagnoses and graft types. Of IE patients, only two required re‐intubation within 3 days post‐transplant. IE patients exhibited significantly shorter ICU (2 [1, 3 IQR] vs. 4 [2, 4 IQR] days, p < .001) and hospital lengths of stay (17 [12, 24 IQR] vs. 22 [14, 42 IQR] days, p = .001). Pre‐transplant ICU requirement, high PELD/MELD score, intraoperative transfusion, cold ischemia time, and pressor requirements were risk factors against IE. There was no association between IE and recipient age or weight. The proportion of patients undergoing IE post‐transplant increased significantly over time from 2005 to 2022 (p < .001), underscoring the role of clinical experience and transplant team learning curve.ConclusionSpanning 18 years and 235 patients, we report the largest cohort of children undergoing IE following LT. Our findings support that IE is safe across ages and clinical scenarios. As our center gained experience, the rate of IE increased from 40% to 83%. These trends were associated with lower ICU and LOS, the benefits of which include earlier patient mobility and improved resource utilization.
Matrix exceptional Laguerre polynomials
Authors: Koelink E. , Morey L. , Román P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe give an analog of exceptional polynomials in the matrix‐valued setting by considering suitable factorizations of a given second‐order differential operator and performing Darboux transformations. Orthogonality and density of the exceptional sequence are discussed in detail. We give an example of matrix‐valued exceptional Laguerre polynomials of arbitrary size.
Evidence for a new model of the complex interrelationship of ball possession, physical intensity and performance in elite soccer
Authors: Jerome Benjamin W. C. , Stoeckl Michael , Mackriell Ben , Dawson Christian W. , Fong Daniel T. P. , Folland Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHow the physical metrics, especially physical intensity, and possession interact with each other, and subsequently combine to influence performance remains opaque. Therefore, we investigated the interrelationship of possession, physical metrics, and team performance in elite soccer.MethodsFour seasons of a top European league were used to derive 80 team league performances (points), together with possession and physical data. Physical metrics were absolute distances (m) during the whole match and ball‐in‐play, and rates of distance covered (m⋅min−1) as the index of physical intensity, notably when in‐possession/out‐of‐possession, in total and within five speed categories. Interrelationships of possession, physical metrics, possession, and performance were assessed with Pearson's correlations and mediation analysis.ResultsOverall possession (r = 0.794) and time out‐of‐possession within the defensive third (r = −0.797) were most strongly correlated with performance. The strong relationships between in‐possession distances and performance appeared coincidental due to greater time in‐possession. Physical intensity had a complex relationship with possession and performance, with opposite relationships according to possession status: lower physical intensity when in‐possession and higher physical intensity when out‐of‐possession were associated with possession and performance. Mediation analysis revealed the direct, independent importance of possession for team performance; however, the association of physical intensity with performance was largely (>79%) mediated by possession.ConclusionBased on these findings, we propose a novel model of the interrelationships between possession, physical intensity, and performance, whereby higher possession is the largest, direct contributor toward enhanced team performance, with lower physical intensity in‐possession a consequence of higher possession, but greater physical intensity when out‐of‐possession a cause of increased possession.
Sustainable phosphorus recycling: A review of advanced recovery methods with a focus on hydrothermal humification technology and potential phosphorus resources in China for this method
Authors: Tang Chunyu , Gai Shuang , Liu Zhuqing , Sui Long , Cheng Kui , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe management of phosphorus (P) resources is facing dual challenges mediated by human activities: the scarcity of bioavailable P in soil and the disposal of massive undeveloped P resources in waste streams. In China, large amounts of P resources remain unexploited, including crop straw (0.9 Tg/year), pig manure (1.1 Tg/year), sludges (0.2 Tg/year), faeces (0.5 Tg/year) and outbreaking algae (0.48 Tg/year). Traditional P recovery technologies, including precipitation, acidulation and thermochemistry technology (PAT) and enhanced biological phosphorus removal technology (EBPR), have shown limitations in P recovery from these biomass waste streams. Hydrothermal humification technology (HTH) is a promising new technology, capable of converting typical waste streams into phosphate fertilizer for green and sustainable development. We estimate that the amount of available P that HTH could potentially extract from straw, macroalgae waste and sludge totals 0.46 Tg/year. Accordingly, the consistent development of HTH for the recycling of waste P in biomass will effectively improve China's P cycle and relieve the absence of phosphate rock sources and environment pollution.
A tau class glutathione S‐transferase in tea plant, CsGSTU45, facilitates tea plant susceptibility to Colletotrichum camelliae infection mediated by jasmonate signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Wuyun , Jiang Hong , Cao Qinghai , Ren Henze , Wang Xinchao , Wang Yuchun 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYTea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze], as one of the most important commercial crops, frequently suffers from anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum camelliae. The plant‐specific tau (U) class of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTU) participates in ROS homeostasis. Here, we identified a plant‐specific GST tau class gene from tea plant, CsGSTU45, which is induced by various stresses, including C. camelliae infection, by analyzing multiple transcriptomes. CsGSTU45 plays a negative role in disease resistance against C. camelliae by accumulating H2O2. JA negatively regulates the resistance of tea plants against C. camelliae, which depends on CsGSTU45. CsMYC2.2, which is the key regulator in the JA signaling pathway, directly binds to and activates the promoter of CsGSTU45. Furthermore, silencing CsMYC2.2 increased disease resistance associated with reduced transcript and protein levels of CsGSTU45, and decreased contents of H2O2. Therefore, CsMYC2.2 suppresses disease resistance against C. camelliae by binding to the promoter of the CsGSTU45 gene and activating CsGSTU45. CsJAZ1 interacts with CsMYC2.2. Silencing CsJAZ1 attenuates disease resistance, upregulates the expression of CsMYC2.2 elevates the level of the CsGSTU45 protein, and promotes the accumulation of H2O2. As a result, CsJAZ1 interacts with CsMYC2.2 and acts as its repressor to suppress the level of CsGSTU45 protein, eventually enhancing disease resistance in tea plants. Taken together, the results show that the JA signaling pathway mediated by CsJAZ1‐CsMYC2.2 modulates tea plant susceptibility to C. camelliae by regulating CsGSTU45 to accumulate H2O2.