bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen mineralization from mature bio‐waste compost in vineyard soils II. Test of N‐mineralization parameters in a long‐term in situ incubation experiment
Authors: Nendel Claas , Reuter Stephan , Kersebaum Kurt Christian , Kubiak Roland , Nieder Rolf 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA field incubation experiment was carried out to test the applicability of N‐mineralization parameters for mature bio‐waste compost for use in a simulation model. The parameters were previously obtained from a laboratory experiment. Micro‐lysimeters were used for incubation, containing four different vineyard soils that were treated with three different compost‐application rates (0, 30, and 50 Mg compost ha–1). Between 2.0% and 45.2% of total bio‐waste compost N was mineralized and leached from the micro‐lysimeters during the two‐year investigation period. The application of a simulation model for soil N dynamics revealed two major drawbacks of the model: (1) in most of the soils, extraordinary high mineralization rates were observed within a few weeks after compost amendment, which could not be explained by the model, and (2) the average compost‐N‐mineralization rates were estimated as being close to the observed rates (–6%), but distinct deviations in some cases (–46% to +29%) led to considerable miscalculations in long‐term simulations. Excluding the effect of these two processes from the data set, the remaining variance could be well explained by the model for all soils treated with compost (modeling efficiency ≥0.98). Based on the average performance, the mineralization parameters for mature bio‐waste compost are considered to be applicable for use in any simulation model based on the double‐exponential approach for calculating fertilizer recommendations, whereas the functions calculating the impact of environmental factors on N mineralization in the model need to be revised. The initial mineralization flush observed in most of the compost treatments was attributed to a priming effect. The experiment showed that such a priming effect can cause exceptionally high rates of N mineralization from mature bio‐waste compost in a viticultural environment, which exceed the potential mineralization rates known for bio‐waste compost applied to arable soils in Germany.
Evidence‐based medical review update: Pharmacological and surgical treatments of Parkinson's disease: 2001 to 2004
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Poewe Werner , Rascol Olivier , Sampaio Cristina 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study is to update a previous evidence‐based medicine (EBM) review on Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments, adding January 2001 to January 2004 information. The Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force prepared an EBM review of PD treatments covering data up to January 2001. The authors reviewed Level I (randomized clinical trials) reports of pharmacological and surgical interventions for PD, published as full articles in English (January 2001–January 2004). Inclusion criteria and ranking followed the original program and adhered to EBM methodology. For Efficacy Conclusions, treatments were designated Efficacious, Likely Efficacious, Non‐Efficacious, or Insufficient Data. Four clinical indications were considered for each intervention: prevention of disease progression; treatment of Parkinsonism, as monotherapy and as adjuncts to levodopa where indicated; prevention of motor complications; treatment of motor complications. Twenty‐seven new studies qualified for efficacy review, and others covered new safety issues. Apomorphine, piribedil, unilateral pallidotomy, and subthalamic nucleus stimulation moved upward in efficacy ratings. Rasagiline, was newly rated as Efficacious monotherapy for control of Parkinsonism. New Level I data moved human fetal nigral transplants, as performed to date, from Insufficient Data to Non‐ efficacious for the treatment of Parkinsonism, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesias. Selegiline was reassigned as Non‐efficacious for the prevention of dyskinesias. Other designations did not change. In a field as active in clinical trials as PD, frequent updating of therapy‐based reviews is essential. We consider a 3‐year period a reasonable time frame for published updates and are working to establish a Web‐based mechanism to update the report in an ongoing manner. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Steady compressible Navier–Stokes equations in domains with non‐compact boundaries
Authors: Novo S. , Novotný A. , Pokorný M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe consider the steady compressible Navier–Stokes equations of isentropic flow in three‐dimensional domains with several exits to infinity with prescribed pressure drops. On the one hand, when each exit is supposed to contain a cone inside, we shall construct bounded energy weak solution for adiabatic constantγ>3. On the other hand, when the exits do not open sufficiently rapidly, we shall prove a non‐existence result. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dachshund gene is required for the proper guidance and branching of mushroom body axons in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Martini Sharyl R. , Davis Ronald L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe dachshund gene encodes a transcription factor required for the proper development of Drosophila eyes, legs, and mushroom bodies. The mushroom bodies of dachshund mutants exhibit a marked reduction in the size of the vertical lobes and disorganization of the horizontal lobes. In mosaic animals, mutant axons fail to contribute significantly to the mushroom body α lobe. Here we show that this defect is due to the misrouting of αβ axons to the region normally occupied by α′β′ axons. This defect is pronounced for clones generated in larval stages but not clones generated after pupariation, indicating that dachshund function is particularly important around the time of puparium formation. In addition, mushroom body axons exhibit excessive branching in dachshund mutant clones. Thus, dachshund is required in mushroom body neurons for proper axon guidance and branching. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Seasonal‐like plasticity of spontaneous firing rate in a songbird pre‐motor nucleus
Authors: Park Kevin H. J. , Meitzen John , Moore Ignacio T. , Brenowitz Eliot A. , Perkel David J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMany animals exhibit seasonal changes in behavior and its underlying neural substrates. In seasonally breeding songbirds, the brain nuclei that control song learning and production undergo substantial structural changes at the onset of each breeding season, in association with changes in song behavior. These changes are largely mediated by photoperiod‐dependent changes in circulating concentrations of gonadal steroid hormones. Little is known, however, about whether changes in the electrophysiological activity of neurons accompany the dramatic morphological changes in the song nuclei. Here we induced seasonal‐like changes in the song systems of adult white‐crowned sparrows and used extracellular recording in acute brain slices from those individuals to study physiological properties of neurons in the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), a pre‐motor nucleus necessary for song production. We report that: RA neurons from birds in breeding condition show a more than twofold increase in spontaneous firing rate compared to those from nonbreeding condition; this change appears to require both androgenic and estrogenic actions; and this change is intrinsic to the RA neurons. Thus, neurons in the song circuit exhibit both morphological and physiological adult seasonal plasticity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Fundamental boron–oxygen‐related carrier lifetime limit in mono‐ and multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Bothe Karsten , Sinton Ron , Schmidt Jan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBoron‐doped crystalline silicon is the most relevant material in today's solar cell production. Following the trend towards higher efficiencies, silicon substrate materials with high carrier lifetimes are becoming more and more important. In silicon with sufficiently low metal impurity concentrations, the carrier lifetime is ultimately limited by a metastable boron–oxygen‐related defect, which forms under minority‐carrier injection. We have analysed 49 different Czochralski‐grown silicon materials of numerous suppliers with various boron and oxygen concentrations. On the basis of our measured lifetime data, we have derived a universal empirical parameterisation predicting the stable carrier lifetime from the boron and oxygen content in the crystalline silicon material. For multicrystalline silicon it is shown that the predicted carrier lifetime can be regarded as a fundamental upper limit. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaic power plant experience at Arizona Public Service: a 5‐year assessment
Authors: Moore L. , Post H. , Hayden H. , Canada S. , Narang D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractArizona Public Service (APS) currently has over 4·9 MWdc of grid‐connected photovoltaic systems that have been installed in its service territory over the past five years. Most of this installed PV capacity is in support of the Arizona Corporation Commission Environmental Portfolio Standard goal that encourages APS to generate 1·1% of its energy generation through renewable resources by 2007, with 60% of that amount from solar. During this time, much has been learned regarding performance, cost, maintenance, installation and design. This paper presents an assessment of these topics and a perspective associated with this PV experience. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(epichlorohydrin) modified with 3,4,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)benzoate: The structure and dynamics of the aliphatic side chains in the columnar mesophase
Authors: Giamberini Marta , Ronda Joan Carles , Reina José Antonio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe investigated the dynamics and structure of the aliphatic side chains of a randomly grafted copolymer, obtained through the chemical modification of poly(epichlorohydrin) with potassium 3,4,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)benzoate, with solid‐state 13C NMR. Below 283 K, the aliphatic chains partially crystallized in an all‐anti conformation. The calorimetric data were compatible with an orthorhombic packing. Below 323 K, the polymer exhibited a columnar mesophase. Spin–lattice relaxation times were determined in this temperature range and at 333 K, that is, in the isotropic phase. In the liquid‐crystalline state, some carbons exhibited a double decay in the spin–lattice relaxation, and this was attributed to presence of the liquid‐crystalline phase. This hypothesis was supported by a conformational analysis performed by molecular modeling. The activation energies of the relaxation processes in the mesophase were also estimated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2099–2111, 2005
Dependence of the pretreatment efficiency of polymer‐based adsorbents for environmental water on their uniformity and size
Authors: Kubo Takuya , Hosoya Ken , Watabe Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Nobuo , Sano Tomoharu , Kaya Kunimitsu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPolymer‐based adsorbents with excellent size uniformity were used as pretreatment media for real environmental water containing numerous contaminants. A comparison of the results with those from an ideal approach with high‐performance liquid chromatography suggested that the shape size and size uniformity of the adsorbents were very important with respect to the loading pressure for the treatment of the environmental water. Furthermore, one of the uniformly sized polymer adsorbents realized an efficiency comparable to that of a commercially available adsorbent based on a typical silica‐based octadecyl stationary phase. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2112–2118, 2005
Electronic and structural properties of orthorhombic KTiOPO4 and related isomorphic materials
Authors: Lowther J. E. , Manyum P. , Suebka P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAb‐initio electronic structure calculations using the local density (LDA) and generalized gradient approximations (GGA) are undertaken on Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) and isomorphic materials. The crystal structure is better predicted using one of the GGA approximations. The affect of Rb replacing K on the essential TiO6 and PO4 blocks of the alloyed system are investigated as are affects of AsO4 replacing PO4. It is observed that the asymmetry in the K–Rb alloy very slightly affects the electronic properties of the material. Electronic charge density distributions clearly show the cation conduction channels, with changes found to occur between the different structural isomorphs. A calculated density of electronic states shows the importance of Ti–O interactions around the Fermi energy that lead to important laser properties. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum Monte Carlo approach to the Holstein polaron problem
Authors: Hohenadler Martin , Evertz Hans Gerd , von der Linden Wolfgang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA recently developed quantum Monte Carlo approach to the Holstein model with one electron [Phys. Rev. B 69, 024301 (2004)] is extended in several aspects. In addition to a straight‐forward generalization to higher dimensions, a checkerboard breakup for the hopping part of the Hamiltonian is introduced, which allows significantly faster simulations. Moreover, results are extrapolated towards the limit of continuous imaginary time to remove the error due to the Trotter–Suzuki approximation. The performance and accuracy of the current approach are compared to existing quantum Monte Carlo methods. To demonstrate the applicability of our method for almost arbitrary parameters, we study the small‐polaron crossover in one to three dimensions by calculating the electronic kinetic energy. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of selenium telluride glass
Authors: Mauro John C. , Varshneya Arun K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe develop model interaction potentials for the heterogeneous selenium–tellurium system based on ab initio molecular simulations and a cluster expansion technique. The model potentials are used in classical Monte Carlo simulations to characterize the structure of SeTe glass in the canonical ensemble. The simulated structure is in good qualitative agreement with available experimental data.1. Computed structure of SeTe glass (20 Å × 20 Å × 20 Å subset). The smaller (gray) atoms are selenium, and the larger (blue) atoms are tellurium. The SeTe glass consists of homopolar Se and Te chains with very little heteropolar bonding.image1. Computed structure of SeTe glass (20 Å × 20 Å × 20 Å subset). The smaller (gray) atoms are selenium, and the larger (blue) atoms are tellurium. The SeTe glass consists of homopolar Se and Te chains with very little heteropolar bonding.(© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The vibrational structure of the OH radical in solid argon: A transfer‐matrix path‐integral approach
Authors: Costa Cabral B. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe vibrational structure of the hydroxyl radical in argon was investigated by transfer‐matrix path‐integral calculations. The results for the OH X2Π ground state in Ar indicate that the vibrational structure in the matrix is modified relative to the gas phase. However, only vibrational levels above v = 12 are significantly perturbed. The changes of the higher vibrational energy levels can be explained by interactions between the OH radical and the Ar matrix. We predict that the position of the OH fundamental in argon matrix is 3540 cm−1 in good agreement with the experimental result (3548.2 cm−1). This value is red‐shifted by ∼6 cm−1 relative to the free radical (3546 cm−1). In contrast with previous results for Br2 in solid Ar, where a very large barrier related to confinement effects inhibits dissociation, the present study indicates that the OH radical can dissociate in the matrix. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Study of peptide on‐line complexation with transition‐metal ions generated from sacrificial electrodes in thin‐chip polymer microsprays
Authors: Rohner Tatiana C. , Girault Hubert H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA miniaturized polymer electrospray‐type interface is used to study metal‐ion chelation with model peptides. Taking advantage of the intrinsic electrochemical behavior of electrospray, a sacrificial electrode is used to generate at the same time electrospray and transition‐metal ions coming from the anodic dissolution of the electrode. The microspray interface provides enhanced mass transport due to its small dimensions, increasing the yield of possible reactions, in particular complex formation. Transition‐metal electrodes, e.g. copper, zinc, nickel, iron and silver, are used to obtain on‐line complexation with model peptides. It is demonstrated that the use of in‐reservoir sacrificial electrodes is an efficient way to generate metal ions in order to form and study complexes with peptides, avoiding the addition of metallic salts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doppler‐derived umbilical artery absolute velocities and their relationship to fetoplacental volume blood flow: a longitudinal study
Authors: Acharya G. , Wilsgaard T. , Berntsen G. K. R. , Maltau J. M. , Kiserud T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo construct reference ranges for serial measurements of the umbilical artery (UA) absolute blood flow velocities in the second half of pregnancy and to test the hypothesis that significant associations exist between UA velocities and placental volume blood flow assessed from umbilical vein blood flow velocities and diameter.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study of the umbilical circulation. UA absolute velocities and umbilical vein blood flow were measured at 4‐weekly intervals between 19 and 42 weeks' gestation in 130 low‐risk singleton pregnancies. A total of 511 observations were used to construct the reference ranges and assess the association between UA absolute velocities and placental volume flow using multilevel modeling.ResultsBoth UA absolute velocities and placental volume blood flow showed a steady increase throughout the second half of pregnancy. However, the gestational age‐related increase in the UA end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) was greater than the corresponding increase in the peak systolic velocity (PSV). The time‐averaged intensity‐weighted mean velocity (TAWMV)/time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV) was 0.6 indicating probably not a completely parabolic velocity profile. There was a significant positive association (P < 0.00001) between UA absolute velocities and placental volume blood flow, but this association was modified by the gestational age. The intraobserver coefficients of variation for the UA PSV, EDV, TAMXV and TAWMV and placental volume blood flow were 10.17%, 16.29%, 11.46%, 18.18% and 8.61%, respectively.ConclusionWe have established new reference ranges for the UA absolute velocities based on longitudinal data. They show a significant association with fetoplacental volume blood flow and may have a clinical value in the assessment of the umbilical circulation. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the gap between the fetal nasal bones at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation by three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Peralta C. F. A. , Falcon O. , Wegrzyn P. , Faro C. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo detect the presence of a gap between the fetal nasal bones at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation and to verify if this gap could lead to the erroneous diagnosis of absent nasal bone.MethodsThree‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound was used to assess the fetal nose in 450 singleton pregnancies, immediately after two‐dimensional (2D) evaluation of the nasal bones and screening for chromosomal defects by a combination of maternal age and the measurement of fetal nuchal translucency at 11 to 13 + 6 (median, 12) weeks of gestation. A 3D volume of the fetal face was acquired and then analyzed using the multiplanar mode. A sequence of transverse views was used to confirm the presence or absence of the nasal bones and when they were present any visible gap between them was measured. A perfectly mid‐sagittal plane was then examined to determine if the nasal bone was visible or not.ResultsIn 421/450 (93.6%) cases the nasal bone was present during 2D ultrasound. Using the multiplanar mode of 3D ultrasound, in 83/421 (19.7%) fetuses a gap between the nasal bones could be demonstrated and in 36/83 (43.4%) cases the nasal bone was found to be absent in the perfect mid‐sagittal view. In 29/450 (6.4%) cases the nasal bones were absent during the 2D scan. In the 3D assessment there was absence of both bones in 25/29 (86.2%) cases and absence of one of the two bones in 4/29 (13.8%) cases. Chorionic villus sampling demonstrated that the fetal karyotype was normal in 404 and abnormal in 46 cases, including 31 cases of trisomy 21. There was absence of one or both nasal bones in three (0.7%) of the chromosomally normal fetuses, in 19 (61.3%) with trisomy 21 and in seven (46.7%) with other chromosomal defects.ConclusionsAt 11 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation there is a gap between the nasal bones in about 20% of fetuses, and in about 40% of these cases in the perfect mid‐sagittal plane the nasal bone may erroneously be considered to be absent. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical interpolation of ozone measurements from satellite data (TOMS, SBUV and SAGE II) using the kriging method
Authors: Tranchant B. J. S. , Vincent A. P. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract. This study demonstrates that ordinary kriging in spherical coordinates using experimental semi-variograms provides highly usable results, especially near the pole in winter and/or where there could be data missing over large areas. In addition, kriging allows display of the spatial variability of daily ozone measurements at different pressure levels. Three satellite data sets were used: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data, Solar Backscattered UltraViolet (SBUV), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) ozone profiles. Since SBUV is a nadir-viewing instrument, measurements are only taken along the sun-synchronous polar orbits of the satellite. SAGE II is a limb-viewing solar occultation instrument, and measurements have high vertical resolution but poor daily coverage. TOMS has wider coverage with equidistant distribution of data (resolution 1° × 1.25°) but provides no vertical information. Comparisons of the resulting SBUV-interpolated (column-integrated) ozone field with TOMS data are strongly in agreement, with a global correlation of close to 98%. Comparisons of SBUV-interpolated ozone profiles with daily SAGE II profiles are relatively good, and comparable to those found in the literature. The interpolated ozone layers at different pressure levels are shown.Key words: Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere - composition and chemistry) - Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)