bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of phyllosphere microbiota and plant health to application of Bordeaux Mixture
Authors: Ye Guo , Wang Hancheng , Li Tong , Wang Feng , Xu Benbo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To investigate the ecological effects of fungicides on tobacco target spot, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the control efficacy at 3 and 9 days after spraying 80% Bordeaux Mixture and the effect on the phyllosphere microbial communities of tobacco leaves at different persistence periods of the fungicide through high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that Bordeaux Mixture had remarkable control effects against tobacco target spot at the beginning, but showed powerless control effects at the late stage of application. Bordeaux Mixture had significant effects on the phyllosphere microbial communities of tobacco leaves. Compared with the diseased group, the healthy group had a richer species diversity in fungal community structure before application. After application, the diversity of microbial community on diseased leaves increased over time and the abundance of the pathogen Thanatephorus decreased (79.35%) significantly. And the function prediction showed that the relative abundance of “pathotroph” fungal communities decreased after Bordeaux Mixture application. Tobacco target spot had changed the microbial community structure with lower diversity and higher relative abundance of pathogen, after treatment of Bordeaux Mixture, the diversity of community was increasing and the relative abundance of pathogen was decreasing significantly over time.
Dual Cluster-Head Protocol for Limited-Resource Networks within the Internet of Things Using K-Means Machine Learning and Considering Energy Harvesting Capability
Authors: OUKAS Nourredine , HABOUSSI Samia , ABBAS Akli , TELLAB Mohamed Elamine , LOUNIS Tarek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel protocol named the Dual Cluster Heads Routing Protocol (noted DCHRP) designed for the autonomous organization of networks with limited resources within the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed methodology employs K-MEANS machine learning to partition the wireless network into K clusters and establishes two leaders within each cluster. This strategy aims to minimize energy consumption and evenly distribute the workload across the entire network. It is assumed that the network's nodes possess the capability to harness renewable ambient energy for battery recharging. Two versions of DCHRP are presented: the first one (DCHRP-K5) involves segmenting the network into K clusters, where K is set at 5% of the total node count. The second version (DCHRP-K10) maintains a fixed cluster count at 10%. Experimental evaluations conducted using the NS3 simulator demonstrate the capacity of the proposed approach to extend the operational lifespan of such networks. The outcomes of these experiments substantiate the efficacy of both DCHRP versions and their superiority over alternative methodologies such as LEACH and K-LEACH. Furthermore, DCHRP-K10 exhibits superior performance compared to DCHRP-K5.
Severe Intrauterine Adhesions Following Modified B-Lynch Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Feng Ye , Bi Hui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
B-Lynch suture is a highly effective procedure for controlling uterine bleeding due to uterine atony. Recently, various modifications of the B-Lynch suture have been developed, but evidence of these procedures’ safety and efficacy is still not enough.
Case presentation: We reported a 30 years old female patient who underwent cesarean section and modified B-Lynch procedure because of uterine atony and refractory postpartum hemorrhage one year ago. During the surgery, the classic B-Lynch suture was initially applied to the uterus, and then No. 1 absorbable suture tightly encircled the uterine body, passing through the avascular area of the broad ligament below the round ligament, and was knotted at the anterior of the uterus. The patient experienced a significant reduction in menstrual flow after the surgery. Due to the patient's desire to have children, she underwent hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, which revealed severe intrauterine adhesions in the upper portion of the uterus. The patient's fertility was severely compromised.
Conclusions
The safety and effectiveness of uterine compression suture techniques still require further investigation. Obstetricians should exercise caution when selecting uterine compression suture procedures for patients with refractory postpartum hemorrhage and avoid excessive sutures to protect the patient's fertility.
Tolerability Assessment of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Solid Tumor Malignancies and Hypoalbuminemia
Authors: Sadrameli Sarvnaz , Bringgold Sydney , Dow-Hillgartner Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Hypoalbuminemia is common in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies, where there is an increased unbound fraction of highly protein-bound drugs, potentially leading to higher free drug concentration exposure and more toxicities. Despite the increased use of highly protein-bound tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer treatments over the decades, the tolerability of these agents in patients with hypoalbuminemia is not fully known. Our aim is to assess whether patients on oral TKIs with hypoalbuminemia are at higher risk for experiencing medication-related adverse events, therefore requiring careful considerations.
Materials and Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study including patients ≥ 18 years of age with a solid tumor malignancy who had taken at least one dose of oral TKIs with a protein binding of ≥ 90% between 06/01/2016 and 06/01/2021.
Results: Patients with hypoalbuminemia had shorter time on treatment (median Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimate: 2.8 months (95 % CI 2.3–4.5 months) vs. 4.3 months (95 % CI 2.8 –6.4 months), p=0.003) compared to those without hypoalbuminemia. In patients who had TKI discontinuation, dose reduction was associated with longer time on treatment in patients in the normal albumin group compared to patients in the hypoalbuminemia group or patients without dose reduction (p<0.0001). Patients in the hypoalbuminemia group experienced significantly more grade 3/4 adverse events compared to those in the normal albumin group (73% vs. 27%, p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is a risk factor for shorter time on treatment in patients with solid tumor malignancies, when taking highly protein-bound oral TKIs.
Zika Virus NS1 Drives Tunneling Nanotube Formation for Mitochondrial Transfer, Enhanced Survival, Interferon Evasion, and Stealth Transmission in Trophoblasts
Authors: Michita Rafael T. , Tran Long B. , Bark Steven J. , Kumar Deepak , Toner Shay A. , Jose Joyce , Mysorekar Indira U. , Narayanan Anoop 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection continues to pose a significant public health concern due to limited available preventive measures and treatments. ZIKV is unique among flaviviruses in its vertical transmission capacity (i.e., transmission from mother to fetus) yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that both African and Asian lineages of ZIKV induce tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in placental trophoblasts and multiple other mammalian cell types. Amongst investigated flaviviruses, only ZIKV strains trigger TNTs. We show that ZIKV-induced TNTs facilitate transfer of viral particles, proteins, and RNA to neighboring uninfected cells. ZIKV TNT formation is driven exclusively via its non-structural protein 1 (NS1); specifically, the N-terminal region (50 aa) of membrane-bound NS1 is necessary and sufficient for triggering TNT formation in host cells. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry of cells infected with wild-type NS1 or non-TNT forming NS1 (pNS1ΔTNT) proteins, we found mitochondrial proteins are dominant NS1-interacting partners, consistent with the elevated mitochondrial mass we observed in infected trophoblasts. We demonstrate that mitochondria are siphoned via TNTs from healthy to ZIKV-infected cells, both homotypically and heterotypically, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration reduced viral replication in trophoblast cells. Finally, ZIKV strains lacking TNT capabilities due to mutant NS1 elicited a robust antiviral IFN-λ 1/2/3 response, indicating ZIKV's TNT-mediated trafficking also allows ZIKV cell-cell transmission that is camouflaged from host defenses. Together, our findings identify a new stealth mechanism that ZIKV employs for intercellular spread among placental trophoblasts, evasion of antiviral interferon response, and the hijacking of mitochondria to augment its propagation and survival. Discerning the mechanisms of ZIKV intercellular strategies offers a basis for novel therapeutic developments targeting these interactions to limit its dissemination.
Perception and Effectiveness of Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) in Creating Engaging Learning Environments: A Study of West African Universities
Authors: Olugbade Damola 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study surveyed 51 lecturers from 11 universities in Ghana and Nigeria to gauge their perceptions of Moodle Learning Management System's (LMS) ability to create engaging learning environments within the PEBL West Africa program. Participants from diverse academic backgrounds were selected through convenience sampling. Using an online survey based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research covered multiple facets of Moodle. Analysis included descriptive statistics and advanced methods, revealing consistently positive views across demographics. Lecturers' positive perceptions of Moodle correlated with its efficacy in promoting learner engagement. Implications highlight Moodle's pivotal role in enhancing teaching and learning experiences in West African universities. Emphasizing ongoing support for educators is crucial to maximizing Moodle's potential. This study provides valuable insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers, guiding efforts to improve blended learning practices. Future research can explore strategies to further leverage Moodle's potential for enhanced learner engagement and improved academic outcomes in the region.
Single-cell and genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies causative genes for gout
Authors: yang yubiao , Hu Ping , Zhang Qinnan , Ma Boyuan , Chen Jinyu , Wang Bitao , ma Jun , Liu Derong , Hao Jian , Zhou Xianhu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background Gout is a prevalent manifestation of metabolic osteoarthritis induced by elevated blood uric acid levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of gene expression regulation in gout disease and elucidate its pathogenesis. Methods The study integrated gout genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) data for analysis, and utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization study to comprehend the causal relationship between proteins and gout. Results We identified 17 association signals for gout at unique genetic loci, including four genes related by protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis: TRIM46, THBS3, MTX1, and KRTCAP2. Additionally, we discerned 22 methylation sites in relation to gout. The study also found that genes such as TRIM46, MAP3K11, KRTCAP2, and TM7SF2 could potentially elevate the risk of gout. Through a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we identified three proteins causally associated with gout: ADH1B, BMP1, and HIST1H3A. Conclusion According to our findings, gout is linked with the expression and function of particular genes and proteins. These genes and proteins have the potential to function as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for gout. These discoveries shed new light on the pathological mechanisms of gout and clear the way for future research on this condition.
Understanding Treatment Preferences and Cognitive Outcomes in Patients with Gliomas
Authors: Succop Benjamin , Richardson Daniel R. , Rauf Yasmeen , Higgins Dominique , Catalino Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective: Understanding how glioma patients value specific cognitive outcomes is essential to personalizing their treatment plans. The purpose of this study was to identify the modifiable cognitive functions most affected by treatment and most important to patient quality of life.
Methods:
Patients with gliomas were prospectively enrolled in focus groups and individual interviews guided by a standardized guide focused on cognitive functions. Patient values and treatment preferences were elicited and compared to the frequency of reported deficits. NVivo natural language processing software was used to perform thematic analyses on qualitative data.
Results:
Twenty participants participated, of whom 60% were female. Racial identification consisted of 75% White, 15% Black/African American, and 10% other. The cognitive functions most essential to the quality of life in this cohort were a sense of self (80% of participants), memory (70% of participants), and communication (25% of participants). The functions that experienced the most deficits because of treatment were memory (65% of participants), concentration (65% of participants), and special senses (40% of participants). “Dealbreakers” to treatment were complete loss of independence, sense of self, and/or ability to interact with loved ones.
Conclusions:
Glioma patients in this study prioritized cognitive functions according to intrinsic values, personal identity, and their ability to interact with loved ones. For this cohort, memory, sense of self, and communication were most highly valued by patients. The next phase of this study will investigate the relative survival value of these key functions using patient preference elicitation to optimize surgical decision-making.
Comparison of Isothermal Oxidation Performance of IN 939 Produced by Casting and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Başbozkurt Batuhan , Sarıoğlu Cevat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The focus of this study is to compare the isothermal oxidation behavior of IN 939 nickel-based superalloys manufactured by powder bed fusion (PBF) and casting methods. Oxidation experiments were performed on heat treated and non-heat treated IN 939 specimens to reveal the role of heat treatment and manufacturing methods on oxidation behavior. Microstructure of as cast IN 939 had a dendritic structure with gamma prime precipitates. After heat treatment two kinds of gamma prime precipitates were visible. IN 939 manufactured by Powder bed fusion exhibited clearly visible melt pools and no trace of gamma prime precipitates. After heat treatment the melt pools disappeared, and gamma prime precipitates formed. Weight gain results showed that all samples experienced similar mass gain characteristics however, PBF IN 939 with heat treatment showed slightly superior spallation behavior than other samples at 1000˚C. Spallation did not occur at 800 and 900˚C whereas at 1000˚C all samples experienced spallation. All samples followed a parabolic rate law. The activation energies of all samples, calculated for three temperatures (800, 900 and 1000˚C,) were similar, ranging between 260.99-287.51 kJ/mole. XRD and EDS analyses were performed to investigate the oxidation products on the surface. Results indicated that the oxide scale that formed on all IN 939 samples were mainly Cr2O3 and TiO2 in rutile form. In conclusion, based on oxidation weight gain (kinetics) results and oxide scale analysis, additively manufactured IN939 superalloys showed similar oxidation resistance compared to as cast IN939 alloy. These results supported the replacement of as cast manufacturing technique with additive manufacturing techniques for IN 939 alloys with respect to high temperature oxidation resistance.
Quantization of linear acoustic and elastic wave models in characterizations of isomorphism
Authors: Yang Chen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
From the macroscopic to the microscopic world, quantum mechanical effects in acoustics and elastic waves have become increasingly important. Observations on the quantum effects of acoustic and elastic waves using experimental methods have been reported in the literature. However, the conventional formulations of acoustic and elastic waves are still mainly governed by classical models. In this study, we investigated the quantization of acoustic and elastic waves using generalized Lorenz gauges. The potential variables of acoustic and elastic waves can be quantized in a manner similar to that of electrodynamics. The results include the Schrödinger equation with minimal coupling between the field and particles. The quantization of field variables is established as a consequence of the gauge symmetry property of the Schrödinger equation. Later, we explored the connections between the parallel formulations of mechanics and waves through an algebraic aspect. This highlights the isomorphism pattern from the characterization of parallel formulations. To support the results, the derivations of potential formulations based on Lorenz gauges and functional mapping between field variables are presented.
Effect of the mass vaccination duration on the spread of COVID-19 evaluated by a flexible compartment model
Authors: Ohmori Hiroo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
For COVID-19, infected individuals are isolated from the community when they become symptomatic, and when they become the recovered individuals who have immunity, they return to the community. With increase in the number of recovered individuals in the community, the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals is reduced, resulting in a decrease in the number of infected individuals. Vaccination causes not only a decrease in the number of susceptible individuals in the community but also a reduction in the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals with an increase in the number of vaccinated individuals as the recovered individuals do. From a viewpoint of herd immunity, the vaccination duration, which is the period between the start and the end of mass vaccination, must need to be examined because the number of vaccinated individuals actually increases gradually day by day according to vaccination programs and the total number of vaccinated individuals depends on the mass vaccination duration, controlling the spread of COVID-19. How long should we continue the mass vaccination to contain COVID-19 pandemic by a physical viewpoint? The number of infected individuals by different mass vaccination durations is calculated by a flexible compartment model specific to COVID-19. The model contains the vaccination rate as an independent valuable in the calculation equations and, as the dependent valuables, the number of isolated/recovered individuals and the population excluding the individuals kept in isolation, both of which affect the contact rate between infected individuals and susceptible individuals. The effect of the mass vaccination duration can be evaluated by comparing the total numbers of infected individuals among the cases with different mass vaccination durations for the cases with different start-date of vaccination, with different vaccination rate and with different symptomatic rate. The results show that, since the contact rate decreases with an increase in the vaccinated individuals, the earlier the start-date of vaccination is, the smaller the total number of infected individuals becomes, and the longer the mass vaccination duration is, the smaller the total number of infected individuals becomes. The results also show that, when vaccination is continued until the day when the sum of the number of recovered individuals and the number of vaccinated individuals becomes more than an ‘expedient herd immunity threshold’, the total number of infected individuals is significantly reduced and the duration of infection is also markedly shortened as expected for the case with a sufficient mass vaccination duration.
Combining the me Thods of Smallholders Land Capture by Officials of the Central Chernozem Region from the Second half of XVII by the end of XVIII Century
Authors: Kudlanov K. B. 
Published: December 2023

Relevance. The volume of redistribution of the smallholder land fund directly depended on the success of combining the methods of land seizures by officials. For the one-courtyard people of the Central Chernozem region, the voiced question was so relevant that it significantly influenced their property status and choice of habitat.Purpose. The study of a combination of various methods of capturing one-courtyard people's land by officials of the Central Chernozem region from the middle of XVII-th to the end of XVIII-th century.Objectives consist of the study of individual and successive methods of seizing smallholder land by officials, as well as reusable land acquisitions by individuals upcoming «in business» together with their direct descendants.Methodology. In the process of the work were used analytical-synthetic and comparative-historical methods, as well as retrospective and historiographical analyses.Results. In the study, the author shows the whole structure of the methods of seizing one-courtyard people's land by officials, providing a statistical comparison of their application in practice. Then the researcher studies of the combined use of different methods of possession, which alternate at all levels (subtypes, types, and methods) for success. Finally, the author examines the multiple acquisitions of smallholder land by officials, along with their collective seizures by entire clans.Conclusion. The reason for combining the methods of capture lay in the steadfastness of the one-courtyard people and the greed of individual officials. The cessation of a series of attempts to seize the land was determined by the success of one side or another. The variety of combinations of methods depended on both officials and onecourtyard people. For example, the characters of the invader and the victim. The versatility of possessions expanded with the powers of the upcoming «in business» in progression: the higher the position, the wider the list of its capabilities, and the lower the level of the invader, the more rudely he applied the methods of seizures. On the whole, the process of redistributing the land fund of the one-courtyard people of the Central Chernozem region was not an individual phenomenon, since it involved several generations of all parties involved in the process.