bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF VEGETATIVE AND DIVIDING CELLS OF THE UNICELLULAR RED ALGAERHODELLA VIOLACEAANDRHODELLA MACULATA1
Authors: Patrone Laura M. , Broadwater Sharon T. , Scott Joseph L. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTRhodella violacea(Kornmann) Wehrmeyer andRhodella maculataEvans were investigated for ultrastructural details of vegetative and dividing cells.Rhodella violaceahas a nuclear projection into the pyrenoid similar to that found inR. maculata, although the nuclear projection inR. maculatatraverses a starch‐lined area before contacting the pyrenoid. Unlike most, red algae, the twoRhodellaspecies lack a peripheral encircling thylakoid in the chloroplast and have dictyosomes associated solely with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) instead of with both mitochondria and ER. Both species also have a well‐developed peripheral system of ER connected to the plasmalemma by tubules, a situation found only in red algal unicells, Cell division was studied primarily inR. violacea;a less thorough examinationof R. maculatashowed no essential differences. Both have small, double‐ringed, nucleus‐associated organ files (NAOs) surrounded by moderately electron‐dense material, metaphase–anaphase polar gaps in the nuclear envelope, absence of perinuclear ER. and short interzonal spindles. This pattern of mitosis is similar in most respects to that reported in the unicellFlintiella.Following mitosis, microtubules extend from the region of each NAO to its associated nucleus and to the undivided pyrenoid. The NAOs appear to apply tension to the nuclei and the pyrenoid and may be the mechanism for ensuring equal partitioning of both organdies. Two different forms of pyrenoid‐nucleus association occur during mitosis. Nuclear projections into the pyrenoid, prevalent during interphase and early stages of mitosis, recede at metaphase. Then, the pyrenoid extends protrusions into the nuclear polar areas, forming a cup that partially surrounds the nucleus. Cell division and vegetative characters confirm the close taxonomic affinity of these two species ofRhodellaand support their separation from the genusPorphyridium.
AMPLIFICATION OF THE POLYMORPHIC 5.8S rRNA GENE FROM SELECTED AUSTRALIAN GIGARTINALEAN SPECIES (RHODOPHYTA) BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION1
Authors: Steane Dorothy A. , McClure Bruce A. , Clarke Adrienne E. , Kraft Gerald T. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTWe have initiated comparative studies of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene structure to explore its potential to provide taxonomically useful data within the large red algal order Gigartinales. In southern Australia, this group is extremely diverse and includes large numbers of endemic taxa, many of potential economic importance. The 5.8S rRNA gene occurs in the middle region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cistron and is flanked by two internal transcribed spacers (ITSs). These spacers contain regions of DNA, which are highly consented at the generic level and above, interspersed with highly divergent sequences. The 5.8S and associated ITS s of 11 species of Gigartinales (including five species of the largest Australian endemic marine algal genus, Mychodea), plus five taxa belonging to other orders, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The size of the 5.8S rDNA and its flanking ITSs varied not only within and between genera, but also at the species level. However, this rDNA sequence appears to be relatively constant within populations find may be useful as a populational marker.
REPRODUCTIVE PLASTICITY IN THE KELPALARIA NANA(PHAEOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Pfister Catherine A. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTUnlike terrestrial plants, reproductive control in algae has not been attributed to biotic factors or internal chemical signals. However, experimental removal of reproductive structures (sporophylls) from the kelpAlaria nanaShrader resulted in the development of functional reproducing structures on the vegetative frond in 45% (10/22) of the experimental plants but not on the control plants where sporophylls were left intact (n = 35). In naturally occurringAlaria nana, this compensatory reproductive response occurred at a low incidence and was restricted primarily to larger individuals in the population. Thus, compensation and developmental plasticity, mediated In plant size, may play an important role in how algae respond to reproductive tissue loss.
Rad18/Rad5/Mms2‐mediated polyubiquitination of PCNA is implicated in replication completion during replication stress
Authors: Branzei Dana , Seki Masayuki , Enomoto Takemi 
Published: October 2004

Ubiquitination of proteins was previously shown to modulate various processes of DNA metabolism. PCNA, a processivity factor with essential functions in replication and repair, is modified with ubiquitin at K164. In addition, PCNA is sumoylated at K127 and K164. We found that the rad18Δ mutation suppresses the temperature sensitivity of the polymerase δ mutants hys2‐1 and cdc2‐1 as well as the synthetic lethality of cdc2‐1 pol32Δ mutants, suggesting a role for Rad18 in modulating DNA replication. As Rad18 mediates ubiquitination of PCNA, we examined whether PCNA modifications affected its function in replication. Multicopy PCNA alleviated the replication defects of rfc5‐1 strains, but not those of polδ mutants. In contrast, multicopy PCNA‐K164R had reduced ability to suppress the replication defects of rfc5‐1, but alleviated those of polδ mutants. The roles of sumoylated and ubiquitinated PCNA in rfc5‐1 and hys2‐1 mutants were addressed by using mutant backgrounds that selectively affected sumoylation (siz1Δ), ubiquitination (rad18Δ), polyubiquitination (rad5Δ, mms2Δ), or the ability of cells to perform translesion synthesis (polζΔ, polηΔ). Our results are consistent with the idea that the Rad18/Rad5/Mms2 polyubiquitination pathway is important for replication completion, perhaps by promoting a template switch type of DNA synthesis.
ASC is essential for LPS‐induced activation of procaspase‐1 independently of TLR‐associated signal adaptor molecules
Authors: Yamamoto Masatatsu , Yaginuma Katsuyuki , Tsutsui Hiroko , Sagara Junji , Guan Xin , Seki Ekihiro , Yasuda Koubun , Yamamoto Masahiro , Akira Shizuo , Nakanishi Kenji , Noda Tetsuo , Taniguchi Shun’ichiro 
Published: October 2004

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) initiate a signalling cascade via association with an adaptor molecule, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and/or TIR domain‐containing adaptor inducing‐IFN‐β (Trif), to induce various pro‐inflammatory cytokines for microbial eradication. After stimulation of TLR4 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), both IL‐1β and IL‐18 are processed, depending on the activation of caspase‐1, although its mechanism remains unclear. ASC is an adapter protein possibly involved in the activation of procaspase‐1. To unravel the requirement of ASC, we generated Asc−/– mice. Upon stimulation with LPS, Asc−/– macrophages failed in the processing of procaspase‐1 and maturation of pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18, but normally produced other pro‐inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α and IL‐6. MyD88−/– and Trif−/– macrophages showed normal activation of caspase‐1, demonstrating a dispensable role for MyD88 and Trif. After, LPS‐challenged Asc−/– mice lacked serum elevation of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Moreover, the Asc−/– mice exhibited neither acute liver injury nor lethal shock. These results demonstrate critical roles for ASC in the release of IL‐1β/IL‐18 via activation of caspase‐1 and provide new insights into the inflammatory responses for host defence and diseases.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ‐dependent and ‐independent growth inhibition of gastrointestinal tumour cells
Authors: Rumi M. Azharul Karim , Ishihara Shunji , Kadowaki Yasunori , Ortega‐Cava C. F. , Kazumori Hideaki , Kawashima Kousaku , Yoshino Nagisa , Yuki Takafumi , Ishimura Norihisa , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: October 2004

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) acts as a ligand‐activated transcription factor. Although ligand‐induced cellular differentiation and growth inhibition have been mostly studied on human cancers expressing PPARγ, it is unclear if the transcriptional activation of PPARγ is the main mechanism of growth inhibition. In this study, we investigated whether there is a link between growth inhibitory effect and transcriptional activation of PPARγ in several gastrointestinal tumour cell lines. The transcriptional activation potential of PPARγ was assessed by reporter gene assay employing a PPRE‐luciferase vector, and growth inhibitory effect of PPARγ was investigated by 3H‐thymidine incorporation assay, in the presence or absence of thiazolidinedione ligands, rosiglitazone and troglitazone. As expected, in the case of cell lines positive for the transcriptional activation potential of PPARγ (T.Tn, MKN‐45 and LoVo), both the ligands induced growth inhibition. However, in case of some other cell lines negative for the transcriptional activation potential of PPARγ (TT, AGS and HCT‐15), troglitazone still showed a growth inhibitory effect. Administration of the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 did not reverse this growth inhibitory activity of troglitazone. The introduction of dominant negative mutants of PPARγ did not suppress the activity either. These observations suggest that while rosiglitazone inhibits cellular growth predominantly through transcriptional activation of PPARγ, troglitazone can induce it both in PPARγ‐dependent and ‐independent pathways.
Immune responses of barramundi,Lates calcarifer(Bloch), after administration of an experimentalVibrio harveyibacterin by intraperitoneal injection, anal intubation and immersion
Authors: Crosbie P B B , Nowak B F 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBarramundi,Lates calcarifer(Bloch), were immunized with an experimentalVibrio harveyibacterin via intraperitoneal injection, immersion and anal intubation. Both specific and non‐specific immune parameters were measured to compare responses to bacterin after delivery by various methods. Elevated antibody activities in sera were found in all treatment groups with barramundi injected intraperitoneally displaying significantly higher antibody activity than the other groups. In addition, there was evidence of memory induction with a heightened antibody response in the intraperitoneally injected group only. Bacteriostatic assays indicated activity againstV. harveyiin the sera of all bacterin‐treated groups; again this activity was significantly higher in the intraperitoneally injected groups. There was no enhancement noted in head kidney macrophage phagocytic activity or in serum lysozyme levels.
Inguinal hernia of seminal vesicle cyst
Authors: INOUE KATSUKI , HIGAKI YOSHIO , YOSHIDA HIDEKI 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSeminal vesicle cysts are uncommon abnormalities in the pelvis. The case of a seminal vesicle cyst that extended through the inguinal canal is reported. A 35‐year‐old man presented with left inguinal swelling. He was diagnosed with a left inguinal hernia. However, the interpretative diagnosis was a spermatic cord tumor. The operation was changed to tumor resection. The tumor existed along with the vas deferens from part of the parietal peritoneum outside the inguinal tunnel to the deep pelvic space. The cylinder‐shaped tumor was 3 cm in diameter and 20 cm long. Pathological examination revealed a seminal vesicle cyst that extended through the inguinal canal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a seminal vesicle cyst inguinal hernia.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Electroporation‐mediated muscarinic M3 receptor gene transfer into rat urinary bladder
Authors: OTANI MASAYUKI , YOSHIDA MASAKI , IWASHITA HITOSHI , KAWANO YOSHIAKI , MIYAMAE KOUICHI , INADOME AKITO , NISHI TORU , UEDA SHOICHI 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground: Muscarinic M3 (M3) receptor has been recognized as a major muscarinic receptor for smooth muscle contractions of the urinary bladder. Under the hypothesis that overexpression of M3 receptor in the urinary bladder would enhance urinary bladder contractions, we have transferred the M3 receptor gene into rat bladders using electroporation (EP) and evaluated the functional expression of the transferred gene.Methods: Plasmids expressing luciferase, a green fluorescence protein and M3 receptor were injected into the rat bladder and square‐wave electric pulses were immediately applied. Two days after gene transfer, we analyzed gene expression. Immunohistochemical staining was performed and the contractile responses from isolated bladder strips, which were induced KCl, carbachol and electrical field stimulation (EFS), were evaluated.Results: The optimal conditions of electroporation were 8 pulses, 45 voltages, 50 milliseconds/pulses and 1 Hz. Under these conditions, luciferase gene expression was enhanced approximately 300‐fold, compared to an injection of DNA only. Regarding immunohistochemistry with an anti‐M3 receptor, an increase in immunoactivity was observed in the M3 receptor gene transferred rat bladder, compared to the bladder of the control rat. In rats with the transferred M3 receptor gene, carbachol‐ and EFS‐induced maximum contractile responses of bladder smooth muscle strips significantly increased.Conclusions: These findings suggest that an in vivo EP procedure is an useful method for gene transfer into the bladder and that an overexpression of M3 receptor in the rat bladder enhances bladder contractility. This technique may become a new treatment modality for detrusor underactivity.
Ureteral obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to a solitary internal iliac aneurysm
Authors: MINETA KAORI , NOMURA MASAYOSHI , FUJIMOTO NAOHIRO , TAKAHASHI KOICHI , MATSUMOTO TETSURO 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report a case of ureteral obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to a solitary left internal iliac aneurysm. It has been reported that as a cause of ureteral obstruction, an internal iliac aneurysm without aortic and/or common iliac aneurysms is very rare. In the present case, magnetic resonance imaging was a useful modality to diagnose retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to an internal iliac aneurysm as a direct cause of ureteral obstruction.
Transsphincteric repair of rectourethral fistulas following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: DAFNIS GEORGE , WANG YU‐HUI , BORCK LEIF 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRectourethral fistula is a serious complication following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We report our experience with a transsphincteric approach in the repair of this uncommon complication. The rectourethral fistula was repaired in a three‐stage procedure comprising fecal diversion, transsphincteric repair of the fistula and, finally, closure of the stoma. Two patients with rectourethral fistulas underwent this procedure and the postoperative course was uneventful. In conclusion, a transsphincteric approach in the repair of rectourethral fistula by a three‐stage procedure is safe and may be the treatment of choice.
Bladder cancer in Sri Lanka: Experience from a tertiary referral center
Authors: GOONEWARDENA S.A.S. , DE SILVA W.A.S. , DE SILVA M.V.C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies occurring worldwide. No published data exists on bladder cancer in Sri Lanka. The objective of the study was to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder in Sri Lanka.Methods: Three hundred and one patients were diagnosed with primary bladder cancer during a 7.5‐year period from 1993 to 2000. Two hundred and eighty‐one patients (239 men and 42 women; mean age, 66 years; range, 26–88) with TCC of the bladder were evaluated with regard to clinical presentation, cystoscopic findings and histopathological data.Results: Transitional cell carcinoma accounted for 93.4% of primary bladder cancer. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 6 : 1. The majority of patients (63.7%) were in the 7th and 8th decades of life. Painless hematuria was the most common presenting symptom (52.7%), followed by painful hematuria (39.2%). The median duration of hematuria for all TCC patients, as well as for muscle‐invasive TCC patients, was 3 months. Papillary configuration at cystoscopy, was found in 89.7% of non‐invasive urothelial tumors. In contrast, 77.8% of invasive TCC patients had a solid/mixed tumor configuration. One hundred and forty‐five patients (51.6% of TCC) had non‐invasive urothelial tumor and 136 patients (48.4%) had muscle‐invasive disease. In the non‐invasive urothelial tumor category, 61 patients (42.0%) had pTa tumors and 84 patients (58.0%) had pT1 tumors. Of newly diagnosed TCC cases, 5.3% were found to be T1G3 urothelial carcinomas. Fifty‐six patients (38.6%) with non‐invasive urothelial tumor had a tumor greater than 5 cm in size.Conclusions: More than 90% of primary bladder tumors in Sri Lanka are TCC, with nearly half the patients having muscle‐invasive diseases on initial presentation. Even in non‐invasive urothelial tumors, the majority (58.0%) have lamina propria invasion.
Inverse correlation of microvessel density with metastasis and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: IMAO TETSUYA , EGAWA MASAYUKI , TAKASHIMA HIROSHI , KOSHIDA KIYOSHI , NAMIKI MIKIO 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground: Although a correlation between microvessel density (MVD) and tumor aggressiveness has been established for several malignancies, the data for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is conflicting. In order to clarify the significance of MVD, we investigated the relationships between MVD and tumor stage, grade, size, occurrence of metastasis and patient survival.Methods: Tumor specimens from 70 patients with primary renal cell carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemical staining for CD34.Results: There was a tendency for MVD to decrease from G1 to G3 tumors or from stage T1 to T3 tumors, although this was not statistically significant. However, the MVD for 56 non‐metastatic and 14 metastatic tumors were significantly different (P = 0.005) at 109 ± 67 and 58 ± 35 per ×400 field (mean ± SD), respectively. Microvessel density for 36 large and 34 small tumors was also significantly different (P < 0.0001) at 48 ± 22 and 142 ± 54 per ×400 field, respectively. The survival rate of patients with small, low grade and hypervascular tumors was significantly higher than that of patients with large (P = 0.0015), high grade (P = 0.05) or low MVD (P = 0.039) tumors. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that tumor grade and size emerged as independent prognostic factors.Conclusion: High MVD in RCC was inversely associated with tumor aggressiveness, but MVD was not the independent prognostic factor.
Sublingual sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: Faster onset of action with less dose
Authors: DEVECI SERKAN , PEŞKIRCIOǦLU LEVENT , AYGÜN CEM , TEKIN M. İLTERIŞ , DIRIM AYHAN , ÖZKARDEŞ HAKAN 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground: The aim of the present study was to show the efficacy and safety of sublingual sildenafil and to determine whether lower doses cause the same effect with a faster onset of action in this mode of application.Methods: Fourty consecutive patients with erectile dysfunction for more than three months were included in the study. The mean age was 55 years (range, 25–65). Serum glucose and testosterone levels, lipid profile and erectile function scores were obtained in all patients. Twenty patients received placebos and the other 20 patients received 20 mg sublingual sildenafil in a double blind randomized design.Results: The effect of sildenafil on erection was significantly higher than that of placebo. Sixty‐five percent of patients (13/20) who received sublingual sildenafil achieved satisfying erections and coitus, whereas the rate was 15% in the placebo group (3/20). The mean onset of action with sublingual sildenafil was 15.5 min and lasted for an average of 40 min. Minimal headaches, sweating and flushing were noted as the side‐effects.Conclusions: 20 mg sublingual sildenafil is safe and effective in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sublingual administration has some advantages as it is not effected by food ingestion and quickly appears in the circulation. These advantages provide a faster onset of action with a lower dose when compared to oral sildenafil. Sublingual use of sildenafil may be more cost‐effective and possibly provides a more predictable onset of action.
Estimation of damaged tubular epithelium in renal allografts by determination of vimentin expression
Authors: MURAMATSU MASAKI , MIYAGI MORIATSU , ISHIKAWA YUKIO , AIKAWA ATSUSHI , MIZUIRI SONOO , OHARA TAKEHIRO , ISHII TOSHIHARU , HASEGAWA AKIRA 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground: Various invasive and non‐invasive methods have been investigated for their prognostic value in predicting the outcome of renal allografts. In the present study, vimentin expression in tubular epithelial cells (TEC) was determined by the immunohistochemical examination of biopsy specimens and the prognostic value of this method was assessed.Methods: Ninety‐two renal transplant recipients were recruited for the present study. Protocol biopsy of the renal graft was performed 1, 3 and 5 years after transplantation in each case. All biopsy specimens were treated with conventional stains and immunostained with an antivimentin antibody. The correlation between vimentin expression and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the association between vimentin expression and histopathological findings were determined.Results: Vimentin was localized in TEC adjacent to interstitial lesions with lymphocyte infiltration and also in TEC with tubulitis or in atrophic tubules. Vimentin positivity significantly correlated with GFR and both vimentin positivity and GFR were significantly associated with the extent of chronic allograft nephropathy, but not with acute rejection. Additionally, vimentin expression and GFR 3 and 5 years after transplantation were higher in cases where graft loss occurred between 5 and 7 years after transplantation compared with graft survival cases.Conclusions: These results suggest that immunohistochemistry using antivimentin antibodies on protocol biopsy specimens is useful for the detection of injured TEC and as a predictor of allograft outcome.
Large intestinal type‐urachal adenocarcinoma with focal expression of prostatic specific antigen
Authors: KATO HARUAKI , HAYAMA MASAYOSHI , KOBAYASHI MIKIKO , OTA HIROYOSHI , NISHIZAWA OSAMU 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe present a case of colonic‐type adenocarcinoma, which might arise from an urachal remnant through a villous adenoma. The cancer tissue in the present case showed focal immunoreaction to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). This is the first report of urachal adenocarcinoma expressing PSA.