bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Resilience Through Intrinsic Capacity Networks in Older Adults
Authors: Koivunen Kaisa , Lindeman Katja , Välimaa Maija , Rantanen Taina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The network approach may provide a framework for understanding intrinsic capacity (IC) as a system’s underlying functioning. The system’s resilience to resist functional decline may arise from the interrelationships among system components, that is, body functions or capacities. We applied network analysis to investigate whether the interplay between different intrinsic capacities differs according to age and self-rated health (SRH) in older adults.

Methods
The study sample consisted of a population-based cohort of community-dwelling older adults aged 75, 80, and 85 years (men n = 356 and women n = 469). We quantified 5 IC domains: vitality, locomotion, cognition, psychology, and sensory, using performance-based measurements and questionnaires, and estimated IC networks for 2 age (75 vs 80 and 85 years) and SRH (higher vs lower) groups separately for sexes. Differences in global network properties (eg, density, overall connectivity) and centrality indices were compared between the groups.

Results
Intrinsic capacity network density (ie, the number of edges) was higher in the 80- and 85-year-olds compared to the 75-year-olds, and in the worse compared to the better SRH group in both sexes. However, the differences in edge weights and global strength of the networks were statistically nonsignificant. Walking speed was the most central node in the estimated networks.

Conclusions
With increasing age and health decline, the IC network seems to become denser, which may indicate a loss of system resilience. Walking is a more complex activity than the others requiring the functioning of many subsystems, which may explain why it connects multiple domains in the IC network.
Cacao Procyanidins-Induced Lifespan Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans in a Nervous System and CaMKII-Dependent Manner
Authors: Ohmine Keiya , Morinaga Yuki , Kobayashi Sarina , Matsubara Aika , Sadanaga Kaito , Tohtani Shuhei , Saeki Hideaki , Horiuchi Hiroto , Fujikawa Yuta , Sumi Koichiro , Natsume Midori , Inoue Hideshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Procyanidins are gaining attention due to their potential health benefits. We found that cacao liquor procyanidin (CLPr) from Theobroma cacao seeds increased the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, a representative model organism for aging studies. The genetic dependence of the lifespan-extending effect of CLPr was consistent with that of blueberry procyanidin, which is dependent on unc-43, osr-1, sek-1, and mev-1, but not on daf-16, sir-2.1, or skn-1. The lifespan-extending effect of CLPr was inhibited by neuron-specific RNA interference (RNAi) targeting unc-43 and pmk-1, and in worms with loss-of-function mutations in the odr-3, odr-1, or tax-4 genes, which are essential in sensory neurons, including AWC neurons. It was also inhibited in worms in which AWC neurons or AIB interneurons had been eliminated, and in worms with loss-of-function mutations in eat-4 or glr-1, which are responsible for glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These results suggest that the lifespan-extending effect of CLPr is dependent on the nervous system. In addition, it also requires unc-43 and pmk-1 expression in nonneuronal cells, as demonstrated by the experiments with RNAi in wild-type worms, the neuronal cells of which are not affected by systemic RNAi. The osr-1 gene is expressed in hypodermal and intestinal cells and regulates the response to osmotic stress along with unc-43/calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Consistent with this, CLPr improved osmotic stress tolerance in an unc-43- and pmk-1-dependent manner, and it was also dependent on AWC neurons. The lifespan-extending and osmotic-tolerance-improving activities were attributed to procyanidins with a tetrameric or higher-order oligomeric structure.
Younger and Older Adults’ Health Lies to Close Others
Authors: Frias Jessica C , O’Connor Alison M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Lying is a common social behavior; however, there is limited research on lying about health and if this differs into later life. This study sought to explore age differences in the frequency of and motivations behind telling health-related lies and if lying differs within romantic and parent/child relationships.

Methods
Younger (N = 158) and older adults (N = 149) reported how often they told general health-related lies, how often they lied about health to their romantic partner and parent or adult child, and why they told health lies.

Results
Compared with older adults, younger adults lied more frequently to conceal sickness and pain as well as to feign sickness. Younger adults also told more health lies to their parent than their romantic partner, but older adults lied to their adult child and partner at similar rates. Younger adults reported lying more about their health because they felt ashamed or embarrassed and they worried about what others would think of them compared with older adults.

Discussion
These results suggest that health-related honesty may increase in later life and that younger and older adults differ in why they tell health lies. Implications for psychological theory on lying about one’s health and health interventions are discussed.
Understanding Risk Factors for Suicide Among Older People in Rural China: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Quan , Li Shenao , Wu Yijin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In China, rural older adults face a significantly heightened risk of suicide. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature examining the risk factors associated with suicide among older people in rural China. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of risk factors for this phenomenon among rural older people must be gained. We conducted a systematic literature review on risk factors for suicide among older people in rural China.

Research Design and Methods
Seven English electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) and 3 Chinese electronic databases (CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English or Chinese, from inception to July 25, 2022. For data collection, scientific strategies were used for searching and selecting literature within the electronic databases. The collected data were then synthesized using the thematic analysis method. The study was conducted under PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Results
The final analysis included 16 studies. The identified risk factors were categorized under 6 themes: navigating the challenges of illness, unmet basic needs, experiencing abuse from children, feelings of loneliness, negative life events, and altruistic motivation to benefit children.

Discussion and Implications
Multiple factors affect suicide among older people in rural China. This invaluable information can be used to develop targeted prevention strategies particularly relevant to this age group.
Profile of Caregiving Activities and Association With Physical Health Among Dementia Spousal Caregivers
Authors: Cho Jinmyoung , Sands Laura P , Stevens Alan B , Allore Heather G , Horstman Molly J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study aims to identify patterns of caregiving intensity and assess associations between caregiving intensity and multidimensional physical health indicators and health behaviors among spousal caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from 152 spousal caregivers aged 65 and older, the intensity of their caregiving experience was measured as the number and frequency of health- and medical-related helping activities for their care recipient. Multidimensional health indicators included self-reported fatigue, sleep disturbance, physical functioning, pain interference, general health, and the number of chronic conditions from the electronic health records. Self-reported health promotion behaviors were assessed as health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relations, and stress management.

Results
Two distinct caregiving intensity patterns, high-intensity (37.5%) and low-intensity (62.5%) caregiving, were identified with cluster analysis. Caregivers in the high-intensity caregiving cluster reported feeling more tired (t = 2.25, p &lt; .05), experiencing more sleep disturbance (t = 3.06, p &lt; .01), and performing less physical activity (t = 2.05, p &lt; .05) compared with caregivers in the low-intensity group.

Discussion and Implications
Future studies are needed to develop effective interventions to address caregiving intensity and its consequences on the health of spousal caregivers of persons with dementia.
Quantifying the characteristics of magnetic oil–water contacts in mature hydrocarbon reservoirs and their capacity for understanding hydrocarbon remigration
Authors: Turney Jack N , Muxworthy Adrian R , Sims Michael J E , Weiss Dominik , Fraser Alastair 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
Increasing magnetization within mature hydrocarbon reservoirs provides a new technique in identifying oil–water contacts (OWCs) in cored wells with the potential to assess yield thereby reducing the need for further exploration. Authigenic precipitation of magnetic minerals at OWCs may also help locate palaeocontacts (PCs), where structural changes to the petroleum system have caused hydrocarbon remigration. This study determines the magnetic characteristics of magnetic enhancements at OWCs and possibly PCs in silliclastic and carbonate reservoirs at the Wytch Farm oil field, Wessex Basin, UK. Increases in saturation magnetization and susceptibility are observed at the OWC in 11 of the 12 analysed cored reservoirs owing to the increased presence of magnetite and vivianite. Geochemical analysis and shallow reservoirs suggest biogenic and inorganic mineral precipitation is extensive at the OWC depending on iron, sulphur and phosphorus availability. Similar magnetic characteristics have been observed in magnetic enhancements above the OWC in numerous wells which may represent OWCs before a basin-wide easterly tilt caused hydrocarbon remigration in the Cenozoic. Multiple magnetic enhancements above the OWC in westerly onshore wells, suggest this remigration may have occurred as numerous phases.
American clusters: using machine learning to understand health and health care disparities in the United States
Authors: Bowser Diana M , Mauricio Kaili , Ruscitti Brielle A , Crown William H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Health and health care access in the United States are plagued by high inequality. While machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in clinical settings to inform health care delivery decisions and predict health care utilization, using ML as a research tool to understand health care disparities in the United States and how these are connected to health outcomes, access to health care, and health system organization is less common. We utilized over 650 variables from 24 different databases aggregated by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality in their Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) database. We used k-means—a non-hierarchical ML clustering method—to cluster county-level data. Principal factor analysis created county-level index values for each SDOH domain and 2 health care domains: health care infrastructure and health care access. Logistic regression classification was used to identify the primary drivers of cluster classification. The most efficient cluster classification consists of 3 distinct clusters in the United States; the cluster having the highest life expectancy comprised only 10% of counties. The most efficient ML clusters do not identify the clusters with the widest health care disparities. ML clustering, using county-level data, shows that health care infrastructure and access are the primary drivers of cluster composition.
Immigrants to the United States contribute to society: Here are 3 ways to support their transition
Authors: Hamad Rita 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The number of migrants entering the United States in 2023 shattered records. Despite prevailing narratives, immigrants, on average, contribute substantially to US society. Rather than slamming the door in the faces of newcomers, federal, state, and local policymakers should provide services to these individuals to ensure they have the maximum opportunity to thrive, both for their own benefit and for the greater social good. Public health and social science research provides ample rigorous evidence on the benefits of different types of investments in these vulnerable individuals upon their arrival in our country. In this Commentary, I review 3 examples of potential evidence-based investments: social inclusion, meeting basic needs, and supportive neighborhoods.
Using co-design to develop the Adolescent Health Literacy Questionnaire for adolescents in Ireland
Authors: Naigaga Desire Alice , Kavanagh Jennifer , Spillane Ailbhe , Hickey Laura , Scott Katherine , Morrissey Janis , Elmer Shandell , Goss Hannah , Murrin Celine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Health literacy measurement studies are important for the success of health promotion efforts targeting adolescents. However, the majority of health literacy measurement tools were originally developed for adult populations and may not be reflective of health literacy in the context of adolescence. The present study sought to co-design a health literacy questionnaire and vignettes for adolescents in Ireland aged 12–18 years. This article describes the qualitative phase of the study. In 2019–2021, eight adolescents from the Irish Heart Foundation’s Youth Advisory Panel participated in two concept mapping workshops during which they defined healthy living. Results of the thematic analysis indicated that adolescents defined ‘healthy living’ as a life that was balanced, prioritizing mental health and sleep. According to their definition, healthy living was comprised of six main constructs, namely, knowledge; sources of quality health information; facilitators and barriers; influence of others; self-efficacy, self-management and resilience; and citizenship and communication. These constructs were used to develop vignettes and items for the Adolescent Health Literacy Questionnaire (AHLQ). These were tested on a sample of 80 adolescents to check whether the respondents understood the items and vignettes as intended. Results of the nine cognitive interviews indicated that the adolescents understood the content of the 10 vignettes and 41 items. While the vignettes and AHLQ were developed with Irish adolescents, the approaches taken can be generalized to adolescents living in other countries. This will allow for the development of tailored and relevant solutions for health literacy development and health promotion for this sub-population.
TSPO-induced degradation of the ethylene receptor RhETR3 promotes salt tolerance in rose (Rosa hybrida)
Authors: Zhao Qingcui , Jing Weikun , Fu Xijia , Yang Ruoyun , Zhu Chunyan , Zhao Jiaxin , Choisy Patrick , Xu Tao , Ma Nan , Zhao Liangjun , Gao Junping , Zhou Xiaofeng , Li Yonghong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The gaseous plant hormone ethylene regulates plant development, growth, and responses to stress. In particular, ethylene affects tolerance to salinity; however, the underlying mechanisms of ethylene signaling and salt tolerance are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that salt stress induces the degradation of the ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 3 (RhETR3) in rose (Rosa hybrid). Furthermore, the TspO/MBR (Tryptophan-rich sensory protein/mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor) domain-containing membrane protein RhTSPO interacted with RhETR3 to promote its degradation in response to salt stress. Salt tolerance is enhanced in RhETR3-silenced rose plants but decreased in RhTSPO-silenced plants. The improved salt tolerance of RhETR3-silenced rose plants is partly due to the increased expression of ACC SYNTHASE1 (ACS1) and ACS2, which results in an increase in ethylene production, leading to the activation of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR98 (RhERF98) expression and, ultimately accelerating H2O2 scavenging under salinity conditions. Additionally, overexpression of RhETR3 increased the salt sensitivity of rose plants. Co-overexpression with RhTSPO alleviated this sensitivity. Together, our findings suggest that RhETR3 degradation is a key intersection hub for the ethylene signalling-mediated regulation of salt stress.
Crohn’s Patient Serum Proteomics Reveals Response Signature for Infliximab but not Vedolizumab
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos G , Stevens Toer W , Verstockt Bram , Gonzalez David J , D’Haens Geert , Dulai Parambir S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Common biologic families used to treat Crohn’s are tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers (infliximab and adalimumab) and immune cell adhesion blockers (vedolizumab). Given their differing mechanisms of action, the ability to monitor response and predict treatment efficacy via easy-to-obtain blood draws remains an unmet need.

Methods
To investigate these gaps in knowledge, we leveraged 2 prospective cohorts (LOVE-CD, TAILORIX) and profiled their serum using high-dimensional isobaric-labeled proteomics before treatment and 6 weeks after treatment initiation with either vedolizumab or infliximab.

Results
The proportion of patients endoscopically responding to treatment was comparable among infliximab and vedolizumab cohorts; however, the impact of vedolizumab on patient sera was negligible. In contrast, infliximab treatment induced a robust response including increased blood-gas regulatory response proteins, and concomitant decreases in inflammation-related proteins. Further analysis comparing infliximab responders and nonresponders revealed a lingering innate immune enrichments in nonresponders and a unique protease regulation signature related to clotting cascades in responders. Lastly, using samples prior to infliximab treatment, we highlight serum protein biomarkers that potentially predict a positive response to infliximab treatment.

Conclusions
These results will positively impact the determination of appropriate patient treatment and inform the selection of clinical trial outcome metrics.
Hierarchical consumption preferences, redistribution, and structural transformation
Authors: Aboobaker Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In low- and middle-income economies, consumption preferences are hierarchical and the production structure is dualistic. Wage demand correspondingly articulates with the domestic industrial sector in a limited fashion. Where capital accumulation is directed at this modern/industrial sector, downward redistributions are less expansionary than commonly outlined, even if capacity utilization is an adjusting variable influencing investment decisions. Insofar as economic development is underpinned by structural transformation, policies aligned with downward redistributions have important sectoral ramifications neglected in one-sector frameworks. This paper explores these and related propositions formally, drawing from the analysis of a two-sector growth and distribution model.
On the measurement of cause of death inequality
Authors: Permanyer Iñaki , Calazans Júlia Almeida 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Attempts at assessing heterogeneity in countries’ mortality profiles often rely on measures of cause of death (CoD) diversity. Unfortunately, such indicators fail to take into consideration the degree of (dis)similarity among pairs of causes (e.g. ‘transport injuries’ and ‘unintentional injuries’ are implicitly assumed to be as dissimilar as ‘transport injuries’ and ‘Alzheimer’s disease’)－an unrealistic and unduly restrictive assumption.

Development
We extend diversity indicators proposing a broader class of heterogeneity measures that are sensitive to the similarity between the causes of death one works with. The so-called ‘CoD inequality’ measures are defined as the average expected ‘dissimilarity between any two causes of death’. A strength of the approach is that such measures are decomposable, so that users can assess the contribution of each cause to overall CoD heterogeneity levels—a useful property for the evaluation of public health policies.

Application
We have applied the method to 15 low-mortality countries between 1990 and 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Disease project. CoD inequality and CoD diversity generally increase over time across countries and sex, but with some exceptions. In several cases (notably, Finland), both indicators run in opposite directions.

Conclusions
CoD inequality and diversity indicators capture complementary information about the heterogeneity of mortality profiles, so they should be analysed alongside other population health metrics, such as life expectancy and lifespan inequality.
Development path of a modern rural power grid under dual carbon target based on data analysis
Authors: Ye Linhao , Liu Zhiwen , Liang Yu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In China’s economic and social development planning, dual carbon goals and modern rural constructions have become new keywords. It is important to realize the green transformation of energy systems and complete the construction of a modern rural power grid based on data analysis under the guidance of dual carbon goals. Based on the systematic summary of the rural energy structure, this paper assesses the current situation of the scientific and technological development of rural power grids, analyzes the main problems faced by the development of rural power grids, and gives suggestions on the path of energy transformation and the path of rural power grid development. The results show that rural energy transformation plays an important role in the implementation of the dual carbon goals, and the relationship between the long-term and short-term goals of rural energy transformation, top-level design and differentiated development, government regulation and market forces, development stage and energy consumption expenditure must be handled well. In addition, as an important support, rural power grid enterprises should seize the opportunities brought by the construction of rural power grids under the dual carbon goals, make rural power a technology to be valued, and promote the further development of new energy-related technologies.
Privacy and personal information protection in China’s all-seeing state
Authors: Ong Rebecca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled facial recognition technology (FRT) in the provision of vital services that depend on accurate identification of individuals within China’s public and private sectors prompted an urgent need to foster discussions regarding regulatory, societal, and ethical concerns. While there are safety and efficiency gains to be obtained through the use of FRT where establishing identity is necessary, these result in potential trade-offs against the individuals’ fundamental rights, most notably, the violation of the right to privacy, and personal information where individuals are neither informed of nor consented to the collection, use, or storage. To address such concerns, China has put in place laws. The adequacy of which in addressing the concerns remains. This paper argues that, while significant progress has been made with the promulgation of several legislations, much more needs to be undertaken in terms of ensuring transparency in decision-making on public uses and obtaining prior mandatory authorization before the deployment of FRT. The paper further suggests the engagement of a multi-disciplinary team of experts to support and guide research, development, and deployment of AI-enabled FRT and other biometric technology as a positive step forward together with the possible adoption of adaptive governance as a framework for future policy design.