bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental perceptions of sibling differences: towards a theory of sibling differentiation
Authors: Pocock David 
Published: November 2003

A hypothesis of ‘triadic and tetradic projective identification’ is derived from work with nine cases in which family therapy was followed by psychodynamic counselling with the mother. It is suggested, first, that the dimensions of personality in which a parent perceives considerable difference between siblings may be linked to earlier traumatic issues experienced by that parent, especially in the family of origin; and, second, that siblings may identify with their parents' perceptions of difference, leading to differential development.Case material is used to illustrate the ideas and a small pilot study of six different families is described, which tests a key element of the hypothesis ‐ that personality dimensions in which a parent perceives most difference between siblings will relate more strongly to parental problem areas than dimensions in which a parent perceives least difference between siblings.Findings give preliminary support to the hypothesis and proposals for further work are presented.
The application of Michel Foucault's philosophy in the problem externalizing discourse of Michael White
Authors: Madigan Stephen Patrick 
Published: November 2003

This paper examines how Michael White's theoretical and practice orientation can be mapped onto the work of French philosopher/historian Michel Foucault. Specifically, Foucault's analysis of his three modes of the objectification of the subject and the inseparability of power and knowledge will be viewed as similar to, and shaping of, White's conceptions of externalizing internalized problem discourse. Where religions once demanded the sacrifice of bodies, knowledge now calls for experimentation on ourselves, calls us to the sacrifice of the subject of knowledge Michel Foucault: Madness and Civilization
Abstracts
Authors: Frude Neil 
Published: November 2003

McDaniel, S. H. (1990) Marital therapy and the resolution of gender role conflict. Journal of Family Psychotherapy Storm, C. L. and Heath, A. W. (1991) Problem‐focused supervision: rationale, exemplification, and limitations. Journal of Family Psychotherapy Burkett, L. P. (1991) Parenting behaviours of women who were sexually abused as children in their families of origin. Family Process Palmer, R. L., Chaloner, D. A. and Oppenheimer, R. (1992) Childhood sexual experiences with adults reported by female psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatry Brewin, C. R., MacCarthy, B., Duda, K. and Vaughn, C. E. (1991) Attribution and expressed emotion in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Association between first trimester maternal serum pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A and adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Kwik Michele , Morris Jonathan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAims:  To investigate whether low pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy are associated with subsequent intrauterine fetal growth restriction, stillbirth and preterm delivery.Methods:  A retrospective review of pregnancy outcomes was undertaken in women who had PAPP‐A carried out in the first trimester of pregnancy at the time of nuchal translucency scan. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed by the review of medical records, and postal questionnaires. Delivery details were collected, including livebirth, neonatal birthweight and gestational age at delivery. The χ2 test was used to investigate the association between low first trimester serum PAPP‐A levels and adverse fetal outcomes. Unpaired t‐test was used for continuous variables. Sensitivities and specificities were then calculated.Results:  A total of 894 women who had blood collected for PAPP‐A were identified, and data was obtained for 827 deliveries. Each had a normal karyotype. There were six intrauterine deaths, 13 babies with birthweights below the 3rd centile, 55 babies weighing below the 10th centile, and 96 women who delivered prematurely. Four of six intrauterine deaths had low PAPP‐A levels (<0.5 multiples of the median), with a relative risk of 13.75. Low PAPP‐A levels were associated with fetal weight below the 10th centile (P = 0.01) but not the 3rd centile. There was no statistically significant association between low maternal serum PAPP‐A levels and preterm delivery.Conclusion:  At 11–13 weeks’ gestation, low maternal serum PAPP‐A levels are associated with fetal death in utero and birthweight below the 10th centile. First trimester PAPP‐A may be a useful tool for identifying pregnancies at risk of adverse fetal outcomes.
Findings on potential teratogens from a case–control study in Western Australia
Authors: Werler Martha M. , Bower Carol , Payne Jan , Serna Peta 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives:  To examine, in Western Australian women, pregnancy use of drugs that have been found to be associated with birth defect risks in other studies.Design:  Data were used from a retrospective study of birth defects in which mothers were sent questionnaires asking about a variety of pregnancy events and exposures, including specific questions on medication use.Population:  Case subjects were fetuses or infants with structural birth defects born in Western Australia from 1997 to 2000, identified from the Western Australian Birth Defects Registry. Control subjects were infants without birth defects, randomly selected from the Western Australian Midwives’ Notification System.Measures:  First trimester uses of corticosteroids, medications that antagonise folic acid metabolism, and vasoactive drugs were compared between case and control mothers.Results:  The mothers of 2.5, 2.4, and 1.9% of controls, cases, and oral cleft cases, respectively, reported corticosteroid use. The mothers of 0.6% of controls and 1.4% of cases used a folic acid antagonising medication, yielding an odds ratio of 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.58–9.4). The mothers of 4.5% of controls and 7.1% of cases used a vasoactive drug (pseudoephedrine, aspirin, ibuprofen, amphetamine, cocaine, or ecstasy). Cigarette smoking is also vasoactive. For exposure to both a vasoactive drug and cigarette smoking, the birth defect risk was 3.0 (0.92–9.6).Conclusions:  There was no difference in corticosteroid use between case and control mothers, although the number of exposed subjects was small. Odds ratio estimates for folic acid antagonists and vasoactive agents support previously reported associations, but they were not statistically significant.
Ultrasound assessment of bladder volume: Is it valid after delivery?
Authors: Pallis Lucinda M. , Wilson Melissa 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAim:  To assess the validity of a commercially available bladder volume scanner in the puerperium.Methods:  A prospective blinded comparison of bladder volume measurement after vaginal delivery using the BladderScan bladder volume instrument (BVI) 3000 and Foley catheter; comparison using the intraclass correlation coefficient.Results:  The mean difference between the two measurements was a 130‐mL over‐measurement by the bladder scanner (range: −156 mL to +422 mL). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.23 (95% confidence interval 0.00, 0.59).Conclusions:  The BladderScan BVI 3000 is not an accurate instrument to assess bladder volume the day after vaginal delivery. Some of the discrepancy might relate to use of the Foley catheter as the reference standard. Further comparison between the BladderScan and a short female catheter or real time ultrasound is indicated.
Herbicidal potential and quantification of causative allelochemicals from several Compositae weeds
Authors: Chon S‐U , Kim Y‐M , Lee J‐C 
Published: November 2003

SummaryCompositae plants contain biologically active substances that are allelopathic to weed species. Aqueous extracts from leaves of 16 plants were bioassayed against lucerne (Medicago sativa) to determine their allelopathic effects, and the results showed the highest inhibition for the extracts from Lactuca sativa, Xanthium occidentale and Cirsium japonicum. The extracts applied to filter paper in Petri‐dish bioassay tests significantly inhibited root growth of lucerne. Extracts of 40 g dry tissue L−1 from L. sativa, X. occidentale and C. japonicum were completely inhibitory to lucerne root growth, but hypocotyl growth of lucerne was less sensitive. Although allelopathic effects of methanol extracts were much less than those of coumarin or alachlor, early seedling growth of both lucerne and Echinochloa crus‐galli was significantly reduced by methanol extracts. Mixture of L. sativa, X. occidentale and C. japonicum extracts had more inhibitory effects on test plants than each single extract treatment. By means of high‐performance liquid chromatography, responsible causative allelopathic substances present in L. sativa, X. occidentale and C. japonicum were isolated from various fractions and identified as coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid, o‐coumaric acid and p‐coumaric acid. These results suggest that some Compositae have various herbicidal potentials, and that their activities, types and amount of causative compounds differ, depending on the plant species.
Androgen metabolic response to indomethacin and the alkaline phosphatase inhibitor levamisole in fibroblasts
Authors: Soory M. , Tilakaratne A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this investigation is to study the effects of indomethacin (I) and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) inhibitor levamisole (L) on androgen 5α‐reductase expression in gingival and periosteal fibroblasts, in the context of repair in the periodontium. Chronically inflamed human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were used to demonstrate the comparative effects of L on HGF and human oral periosteal fibroblasts (HPF).Material and Methods: Monolayer cultures of six cell lines of HPF of the fifth to ninth passage were incubated in duplicate with 14C‐testosterone/14C‐4‐androstenedione as substrates in Eagle's MEM; I was added at concentrations of 1 and 3 μg/ml in the presence or absence of the established inhibitory concentration of 30 μg/ml L and incubated for 24 h. The medium was solvent extracted for radioactive metabolites, separated by thin layer chromatography and quantified.Results: L caused 50% inhibition of 5α‐reductase and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in HGF. In HPF, 5α‐reductase expression was enhanced by I with both substrates, by 65–76% (n=6; p<0.01), inhibited by 30–50% (n=6; p<0.01) with L and restored to control values in combination.Conclusion: Yields of androgen metabolites may be linked to ALP activity, with implications on healing, during adjunctive treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease with I.
Efficacy of swallowing training for residents following stroke
Authors: Lin Li‐Chan , Wang Shu‐Chen , Chen Seng Hwa , Wang Tyng‐Guey , Chen Miao‐Yen , Wu Shiao‐Chi 
Published: November 2003

Background.  The presence of dysphagia is associated with an increased risk of mortality, malnutrition, dehydration, compromised pulmonary function, and disability. Appropriate swallowing training can establish optimal nutritional status and eliminate or reduce the risk of developing medical complications associated with swallowing impairment.Aim(s) of the study.  The aim of this study was to examine the functional swallowing and nutritional outcomes of swallowing training in institutionalized stroke residents with dysphagia.Design and methods.  A quasi‐experimental parallel cluster design was used. Seven institutions with similar bed sizes were selected. All subjects in the experimental group received a structured swallowing training programme. The subjects in the experimental group (n = 40) received 30 minutes of swallowing training each day for 6 days per week for 8 weeks. The control group (n = 21) did not receive any training.Results.  After swallowing training, mean differences in volume per second, volume per swallow, mid‐arm circumference and body weight between pre‐ and post‐training of the experimental group were significantly higher than for the control group, while mean differences in neurological examination and choking frequency during meals for the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group.Conclusion.  This study used objective timed swallowing tests, a swallowing questionnaire, and a neurological examination to evaluate the effects of swallowing training. However, videofluroscopy is generally considered the best method for evaluating the pharyngeal and esophageal stages of swallowing, and introducing this technique is recommended for future studies. Furthermore, it is recommended that nursing professionals should conduct swallowing training protocols in stroke patients to help prevent aspiration from dysphagia.
A comprehensive model for predicting burnout in Korean nurses
Authors: Lee Haejung , Song Rhayun , Cho Young Suk , Lee Gil Za , Daly Barbara 
Published: November 2003

Background. Although burnout among nurses has been studied in a great deal, this work has not included Korean nurses. Furthermore, the role of personal resources such as empathy and empowerment in predicting the variance in burnout has never been examined.Aim. The purpose of this study was to understand the phenomenon of burnout among Korean nurses. A comprehensive model of burnout was examined to identify significant predictors among individual characteristics, job stress and personal resource, with the intention of providing a basis for individual and organizational interventions to reduce levels of burnout experienced by Korean nurses.Methods. A cross‐sectional correlational design was used. A sample of 178 nurses from general hospitals in southern Korea was surveyed from May 1999 to March 2000. The data were collected using paper and pencil self‐rating questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression.Results. Korean nurses reported higher levels of burnout than nurses in western countries such as Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Nurses who experienced higher job stress, showed lower cognitive empathy and empowerment, and worked in night shifts at tertiary hospitals were more likely to experience burnout.Conclusions. Identifying a comprehensive model of burnout among Korean nurses is an essential step to develop effective managerial strategies to reduce the problem. Suggestions to reduce the level of burnout include enhancing nurses’ cognitive empathy and perceived power, providing clear job descriptions and work expectations, and exploring nurses’ shift preferences, especially at tertiary hospitals. In future research we recommend recruiting nurses from broader geographical areas using random selection in order to increase the generalizability of the findings.
Effect of dietary protein on lean body wasting in dogs: correlation between loss of lean mass and markers of proteasome‐dependent proteolysis
Authors: Wakshlag J. J. , Barr S. C. , Ordway G. A. , Kallfelz F. A. , Flaherty C. E. , Christensen B. W. , Shepard L. A. , Nydam D. V. , Davenport G. M. 
Published: November 2003

SummaryTo determine the effect of dietary protein intake on lean body wasting in adult canines a study was undertaken to investigate the Ubiquitin Proteasome (UP) pathway and concurrent changes in lean and fat body mass of canines fed variable sources and concentrations of dietary protein.Purpose‐bred, intact female canines (56) between the ages of 2 and 3 years were fed either 12 or 28% protein diet for 10 weeks. Each diet contained variable amounts of corn gluten meal and chicken protein sources in ratios of 100 : 0, 67 : 33, 33 : 67 and 0 : 100 per cent (w/w), respectively. All diets were isocaloric with calories coming from protein : fat : carbohydrate at the respective ratios of 12 : 40 : 48% for the 12% diets, and 28 : 40 : 32% for the 28% diets. Standard dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was performed to assess total body lean and fat mass at weeks 0 and 10 of the dietary trial. Muscle biopsies were also taken and processed for protein determination and standard gel electrophoresis with subsequent Western blotting for 20S proteasome and PA700 regulatory cap subunit p31. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate degree of correlation between increasing quantities of corn gluten, which is low in essential amino acids (i.e. lysine, tryptophan), and increasing loss of lean body mass over the 10‐week study (R = 0.56). Furthermore, a moderate degree of correlation was observed between increasing concentrations of corn gluten protein and decreased expression of the p31 subunit of the 26S proteasome (R = 0.49). Additionally, the dogs consuming the 12% protein diets had a significant increase in fat mass regardless of the protein source. These findings suggest that lean body wasting in adult canines can be associated with the consumption of low protein diets consisting of predominantly corn gluten, which is likely due to imbalances or subclinical deficiencies of specific essential amino acids, and that low protein diets may augment accumulation of adipose tissue. Although the mechanisms remain unclear, alteration of molecular targets of skeletal muscle proteolysis, specifically involving the UP pathway occur.
Salvage chemotherapy for refractory or relapsed post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in patients after solid organ transplantation with a combination of carboplatin and etoposide
Authors: Oertel Stephan H. , Papp‐Váry Matthias , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Hummel Manfred W. , Jonas Sven , Riess Hanno B. 
Published: November 2003

Summary.  This pilot study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of salvage chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide; CE) supported by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) in patients with refractory or relapsed post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) following solid organ transplantation. Intensified salvage regimens were not feasible for these patients, due to their immunosuppressive conditions and potential organ (especially kidney and bone marrow) malfunctions. Salvage chemotherapy consisted of carboplatin [area under the curve (AUC) 4], on day 1, etoposide (120 mg/m2), on days 1–3 and GCSF (5 μg/kg) starting on day 5. This therapeutic regimen was planned to be repeated every 21 d. Nine patients (seven with refractory, two with relapsed disease) were enrolled. Five patients were heart transplant recipients, three liver transplant recipients and one patient had been a double lung transplant recipient. Five patients achieved a complete remission (CR), with follow‐up at 92, 39, 55+, 17 and 9+ months. One patient showed stable disease after two cycles of CE and one patient had progressive disease. Two patients experienced early deaths, after the first and third cycles of chemotherapy respectively. One died of septic complications and one because of a perforated intestine, which had been infiltrated by lymphoma. In respect of the difficulties experienced in treating patients with refractory or relapsed PTLD after solid organ transplantation, the combination of carboplatin and etopoide with GCSF support (filgrastim) proved to be an effective regimen.
MIB‐1 and S‐phase cell fraction predict survival in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Mochen C. , Giardini R. , Costa A. , Silvestrini R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody anti‐Ki67 is used to detect proliferating cells, but its main limitation is the requirement of fresh‐frozen material. On a series of patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, we used a Ki67 equivalent monoclonal antibody, the recently proposed MIB‐1, on formalin‐fixed histopathological material using microwave antigen retrieval. MIB‐1 expression was analysed in relation to other proliferation indices, such as autoradiographic 3H‐thymidine labelling index (3HTL1) and flow cytometric S‐phase cell fraction (FCM‐S) and to pathological status. Moreover, the prognostic relevance of the cell kinetic indices was defined in uni‐ and multivariate analyses including histology and tumour stage. The relationship between MIB‐1 index and the other proliferation indices was statistically significant even though the correlation coefficient was around 0.6. The MIB‐1 index was also related to the REAL (Revised European American Lymphoma) classification, but not to the Ann Arbor stage classification. Univariate analysis showed that the MIB‐1 index was a significant predictor of 6‐year survival in the overall series and in distinctly analysed low‐grade and high‐grade lymphoma subgroups. With regard to S‐phase indices, 3HTLI was a powerful prognosticator in patients with high‐grade histologies and FCM‐S in patients with low‐grade histologies. Multivariate analyses revealed that MIB‐1 indiex, 3HTLI and FCM‐S retained their prognostic significance independent of histology. In conclusion, the MIB‐1 antibody provides prognostic information in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas and has the main advantage that it can be used in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens.
Determinants of IGF‐I status in a large cohort of growth hormone‐deficient (GHD) subjects: the role of timing of onset of GHD
Authors: Lissett Catherine A. , Jönsson Peter , Monson John P. , Shalet Stephen M. 
Published: November 2003

Summarybackground  IGF‐I standard deviation score (SDS) is widely used in clinical practice; however, factors determining IGF‐I SDS in GH‐deficient (GHD) individuals remain incompletely understood. Earlier studies have been limited by the small size of cohorts studied. We have used the KIMS database to examine if a true difference exists between subjects who developed GHD in adult life (AO), and those who developed GHD in childhood (CO).patients  A total of 1317 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 1073 with AO GHD and 244 with CO GHD.methods  Serum IGF‐I concentrations were determined by a hydrochloric acid–ethanol extraction radioimmunoassay method using synthetic IGF‐I for labelling. The reference range was calculated using normative data from healthy Swedish individuals.results  A total of 86% of patients with CO GHD but only 52% of patients with AO GHD had IGF‐I SDS below −2 SDS. The CO cohort had a lower IGF‐I SDS (−4·69 vs.−2·24, P < 0·0001), a smaller body mass index (BMI; 26·6 vs. 28·6 kg/m2, P < 0·0001) and waist–hip ratio (WHR; 0·90 vs. 0·92 P < 0·001) than the AO cohort. A stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to examine the principal determinants of IGF‐I SDS. Age at onset of GHD was the most important determinant of IGF‐I SDS, contributing 17% towards the variability of IGF‐I SDS. Timing of onset, gender, BMI, and number of pituitary hormone deficiencies other than GH deficiency were also significant determinants of IGF‐I SDS.conclusion  Whilst age at onset of GHD was the most important determinant of IGF‐I SDS, individuals with CO GHD had values on average 1·43 lower than those with AO GHD, all other factors being equal. Potential explanations include differences in GH secretory patterns, variation in body composition, and/or suboptimal treatment of GHD in childhood.