bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islamic ADR in Britain: Diversity, Hybridity, and Women’s Experiences of Community Justice
Authors: Azzouz Fouzia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Key developments in recent decades have contributed to Islamic community justice mechanisms in Britain becoming highly politicized, with a disproportionate focus on Sharia councils. The Sharia council phenomenon, however, does not encompass the full diversity of Islamic Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Britain. This article starts by providing a more comprehensive outlook on Sharia-based ADR mechanisms in Britain by exploring a variety of forums and actors involved in this line of work, including individual imams and Sheikhs, established and lesser-known Sharia councils, and other forums engaged in religious mediation and arbitration. Based on new empirical research conducted with women users and service providers, the article goes on to reflect on ADR processes of mediation and arbitration and reveals that religious actors frequently move back and forth between counselling, negotiating, mediating, and arbitrating within one case and one setting. Finally, the article explores women’s experiences and narratives about faith-based community justice, reflecting particularly on divorce cases which involve domestic violence. Insights into how such cases have been handled by community mechanisms are provided, highlighting where the latter are falling short and identifying avenues for going forward with setting appropriate procedures and responses to protect the welfare of Muslim women.
Genesis of Carbonatite at Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania) from Olivine Nephelinite: Protracted Melt Evolution and Reactive Porous Flow in Deep Crustal Mushes
Authors: Mourey Adrien J , France Lydéric , Ildefonse Benoît , Gurenko Andrey , Laporte Didier 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Carbonatites, carbon-rich magmatic rocks, are thought to form by low-degree partial melting of a relatively carbon-poor mantle followed by protracted differentiation and immiscibility. However, the nature of parental magmas and the characteristics of the early stages of differentiation that shape the subsequent crystal and liquid lines of descent remain poorly constrained. To provide new constraints, deep crustal cumulative xenoliths from Oldoinyo Lengai (East African Rift), the only active volcano erupting carbonatite magmas, were studied. We use major and volatile elements in primitive olivine-hosted melt inclusions, as well as major and trace elements in crystals, to reconstruct the conditions of formation and evolution of cumulates (pressure, temperature, composition). Xenoliths are composed of olivine, diopside, phlogopite, amphibole and accessory minerals. One remarkable feature is the presence of diopside and phlogopite oikocrysts enclosing roundish olivine chadacrysts. Melt inclusions do not have vapor bubble and have major element compositions resembling olivine nephelinite (7–10 wt % MgO after corrections for post-entrapment crystallization). The absence of vapor bubbles implies that the concentrations of volatile components (i.e. CO2, H2O, S) were not compromised by well-known post-entrapment volatile loss into the vapor bubble. Based on the melt inclusion study by SIMS, the volatile concentrations in olivine nephelinite magmas (early stage of differentiation) at Oldoinyo Lengai were 20–130 ppm S, 390–4500 ppm F, 50–540 ppm Cl, up to 6074 ppm CO2 and up to 1.5 wt % H2O. According to the calculated CO2-H2O saturation pressures and geophysical data, xenoliths from Embalulu Oltatwa document a mushy reservoir in the lower crust. Primitive olivine nephelinite melt inclusions have higher H2O contents than olivine nephelinite lavas from other further South volcanoes from the North Tanzanian Divergence (0.2–0.5 wt % H2O), suggesting that the lithospheric mantle source beneath the Oldoinyo Lengai is more hydrated than the mantle beneath the rest of North Tanzanian Divergence. We present a model in which resorption features observed in olivine chadacrysts, together with the LREE enrichments in olivine grains, are the consequences of reactive porous flows in a deep crustal mushy reservoir. We provide constraints on the major, trace and volatile element composition of the parental magmas of carbonatite series and demonstrate with Rhyolite-MELTS models that phonolites and related natrocarbonatites from Oldoinyo Lengai can be produced by protracted differentiation of olivine nephelinite melts.
Fear of sleep in first responders: associations with trauma types, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances
Authors: Reffi Anthony N , Kalmbach David A , Cheng Philip , Tappenden Peter , Valentine Jennifer , Drake Christopher L , Pigeon Wilfred R , Pickett Scott M , Lilly Michelle M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Fear of sleep contributes to insomnia in some individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but remains uncharacterized in first responders, a population with high rates of insomnia and PTSD. We evaluated the clinical relevance of fear of sleep in first responders by (1) examining its relationship with trauma types and clinical symptoms and (2) assessing differences in fear of sleep severity between those reporting provisional PTSD, insomnia, or both.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 242 first responders across the United States (59.2% male, 86.4% white, 56.2% law enforcement officers, 98.7% active duty, and Myears of service = 17). Participants completed the Fear of Sleep Inventory-Short Form and measures of trauma history, psychopathology (e.g. PTSD), and sleep disturbances (insomnia and trauma-related nightmares).

Results
Fear of sleep was associated with trauma types characterized by interpersonal violence and victimization, as well as symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol use problems, insomnia, and trauma-related nightmares. Fear of sleep was most pronounced among first responders reporting provisional PTSD comorbid with insomnia compared to those with PTSD or insomnia only. Post hoc analyses revealed PTSD hyperarousal symptoms and trauma-related nightmares were independently associated with fear of sleep, even after adjusting for the remaining PTSD clusters, insomnia, sex, and years of service.

Conclusions
Fear of sleep is a clinically relevant construct in first responders that is associated with a broad range of psychopathology symptoms and is most severe among those with cooccurring PTSD and insomnia. Fear of sleep may merit targeted treatment in first responders. This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Health in the Justice System Collection.
Risk mapping of wildlife–vehicle collisions across the state of Montana, USA: a machine-learning approach for imbalanced data along rural roads
Authors: Bell Matthew , Wang Yiyi , Ament Rob 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals are estimated to cost the USA over 8 billion USD in property damage, tens of thousands of human injuries and nearly 200 human fatalities each year. Most WVCs occur on rural roads and are not collected evenly among road segments, leading to imbalanced data. There are a disproportionate number of analysis units that have zero WVC cases when investigating large geographic areas for collision risk. Analysis units with zero WVCs can reduce prediction accuracy and weaken the coefficient estimates of statistical learning models. This study demonstrates that the use of the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to handle imbalanced WVC data in combination with statistical and machine-learning models improves the ability to determine seasonal WVC risk across the rural highway network in Montana, USA. An array of regularized variables describing landscape, road and traffic were used to develop negative binomial and random forest models to infer WVC rates per 100 million vehicle miles travelled. The random forest model is found to work particularly well with SMOTE-augmented data to improve the prediction accuracy of seasonal WVC risk. SMOTE-augmented data are found to improve accuracy when predicting crash risk across fine-grained grids while retaining the characteristics of the original dataset. The analyses suggest that SMOTE augmentation mitigates data imbalance that is encountered in seasonally divided WVC data. This research provides the basis for future risk-mapping models and can potentially be used to address the low rates of WVCs and other crash types along rural roads.
Exploring Evidence of Fatigue in Survivors of Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Wood Jennifer , Verity Sarah Jane 
Published: December 2023

Background:
As the number of survivors of childhood brain tumor increase, fatigue is increasingly recognized as a long-term correlate of survivorship.

Objective:
To systematically evaluate the evidence for fatigue in pediatric brain tumor survivors.

Method:
A systematic search using EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO identified 20 papers meeting the inclusion criteria.

Result:
Nineteen of the 20 studies reviewed showed conclusive evidence of fatigue in survivors of pediatric brain tumor. This review found that the construct of fatigue was poorly defined throughout, with early onset fatigue associated with the physical effects of treatment and later emergent fatigue associated with long-term cognitive impairment not distinguished.

Conclusion:
Poor construct validity reduces the generalizability of the data and its utility in developing effective interventions. Current research does not provide a sound basis for developing effective management and rehabilitation plans and fails to support children who have survived brain tumor.

Implications for Practice:
The nebulous definition and imprecise measurement of posttumor fatigue leaves survivors without a clear diagnosis of impairment, and, in the case of some regions, access to treatment. Further research built on a well-defined construct offers the potential to improve the quality of life of pediatric brain tumor survivors.

What is Foundational:
Despite the significant impact of “fatigue” on cancer survivorship, much of the research available is based upon a poorly defined construct. This paper is the first to question the utility of this all-encompassing construct and to call for further research that identifies the fatigue experience in different subgroups of brain tumor survivors.
Comprehensive Monitoring of Psychoactive Substances in Psychiatric Patients Using Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Key Tool for Treatment Planning and Understanding Consumption Patterns in Rome, Italy
Authors: La Maida Nunzia , Di Giorgi Alessandro , Pichini Simona , Pellegrini Manuela , Di Trana Annagiulia , Elmo Maria Giuseppa , Polselli Gian Marco , Casella Pietro , Di Stefano Adele , Ducci Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

Background:
The comprehensive monitoring of licit and illicit drug consumption plays a crucial role in understanding the complexities of patient conditions and designing effective treatment strategies. In this study, the prevalence of psychoactive prescription drugs, classical illicit drugs, and new psychoactive substances (NPS) were objectively assessed in individuals diagnosed with drug-related psychiatric disorders or episodes.

Methods:
Blood, urine, and hair samples were collected from psychiatric patients admitted to the Mental Health Department and Drug Addiction Service of the North Rome Local Health Authority with declared or suspected psychoactive drug use. Comprehensive drug screening was conducted for all samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Results:
A total of 71 blood and urine and 50 hair samples were analyzed to confirm the suitability of the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry method for the study purposes. The main substances found in blood and urine were antipsychotics (71.8% and 66.2%) and benzodiazepines (62.0% and 59.2%), respectively, whereas cocaine (84.0%) and antipsychotics (74.0%) was more evident in hair. Z-drugs were detected in blood (7.0%), urine (5.6%), and hair (24%) samples; amphetamines were mainly detected in hair samples (14.0%). Synthetic cathinones were the most frequently detected NPS in hair specimens (8.0%), whereas synthetic cannabinoids were mainly found in blood samples (11.3%). These analyses showed that patients were polydrug users (77.5% detected in blood and urine, and 94.0% in hair).

Conclusions:
Comprehensive screening enabled the assessment of past, recent, and actual consumption of psychoactive substances, including licit and illicit drugs and NPS, by psychiatric patients. A thorough understanding of substance consumption patterns can enhance therapeutic interventions and management of psychiatric disorders associated with psychoactive substance use.
Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Trust in Home Health Workers in New York City: A Pilot Study
Authors: McCabe Chelsea Aleo , Venkatram Chinmayi , Yarakala Sahiti , Korin Maya , Boulos Alexander , Oliver Kristin 
Published: December 2023

Objective
This study aimed to identify characteristics surrounding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and trust in home health workers (HHWs) in New York City.

Methods
Data were collected from HHWs through focus group sessions conducted via Zoom. We developed a facilitator guide using the 5C Scale, a validated psychometric tool for assessing vaccine hesitancy. We performed qualitative thematic analysis using a combined inductive and deductive approach.

Results
Major themes that emerged included the following: conflicting information decreased vaccine confidence; individualized outreach is valued when information gathering; mandates and financial incentives may increase skepticism; low health literacy and conflict in personal relationships are barriers to acceptance; and experiencing a severe infection and fear of exposure at work increase acceptance.

Conclusions
Based on our study, personalized yet consistent messaging may be key to reaching hesitant HHWs.
An online and telehealth intervention for women diagnosed with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Journey Ahead pilot and feasibility trial
Authors: Manne Sharon , Virtue Shannon , Kashy Deborah , Frederick Sara , Jim Heather , Leiser Aliza , Studts Christina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Women diagnosed with gynecological cancer suffer from disease-related and treatment-related symptoms that can result in diminished quality of life and persistent distress. There are few evidence-based treatments to mitigate distress for these survivors.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Journey Ahead, a blended online and telehealth coaching intervention adapted from the in-person Coping and Communication Intervention.

Methods:
Fourteen women diagnosed and treated for gynecological cancer completed a baseline survey and were enrolled in Journey Ahead, which consisted of eight online modules and five telehealth coaching calls, and then completed a follow-up survey and treatment evaluation.

Results:
Acceptance rates (27.5%) and follow-up survey completion (57.1%) were lower than expected. Eighty-six percent of participants logged into the online program, and 64.2% completed it. Eighty-three percent of participants completed four or five of the telehealth sessions, and 35.7% attended one session or did not attend any of the telehealth sessions. The results indicated that this intervention reduced depressive symptoms and cancer-related distress and increased emotional well-being, emotional expression, acceptance, psychological flexibility, and coping efficacy.

Conclusions:
The results highlight the challenges of recruiting during the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of collecting detailed information from study participants about how to engage them in fully remote interventions. Overall, this single-arm pilot and feasibility study demonstrated satisfactory feasibility, excellent acceptability, and a promising preliminary impact on psychological outcomes.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children
Authors: Rees Chris A. , Kuppermann Nathan , Florin Todd A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common cause of childhood mortality globally. In the United States, CAP is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalization and antibiotic use and is associated with substantial morbidity. There has been a dramatic shift in microbiological etiologies for CAP in children over time as pneumococcal pneumonia has become less common and viral etiologies have become predominant. There is no commonly agreed on approach to the diagnosis of CAP in children. When indicated, antimicrobial treatment should consist of narrow-spectrum antibiotics. In this article, we will describe the current understanding of the microbiological etiologies, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, risk factors, treatment, and future directions in the diagnosis and management of pediatric CAP.
Top 10 academic progress on traditional Chinese medicine in 2022
Authors:   China Association of Chinese Medicine
Published: November 2023

BackgroundTo implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and theOpinions on Promoting the Inheritance, Innovation, and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), regularly summarize the research results of TCM, present the academic progress on TCM dynamically, and fully leverage the academic leadership of academic groups, the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized the selection of the top 10 academic progress on TCM in 2022. The selection process adhered to 4 orientations, eliminated any biases, highlighted the solutions to clinical problems, answered scientific questions, and led the industry’s development. It reflected an exploratory and forward-looking approach, emphasizing innovation and breakthroughs. The selection focused on new laws, new discoveries, new methods, new products, and new theories in the field of basic research and applied basic research in TCM. Through a process of dynamic collection, preliminary examination, review, and final judgment, the top 10 academic progress of TCM in 2022 were determined.
Identifying Naturalistic Movies from Human Brain Activity with High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Markow Zachary E. , Tripathy Kalyan , Svoboda Alexandra M. , Schroeder Mariel L. , Rafferty Sean M. , Richter Edward J. , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Anastasio Mark A. , Chevillet Mark A. , Mugler Emily M. , Naufel Stephanie N. , Yin Allen , Trobaugh Jason W. , Culver Joseph P. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTModern neuroimaging modalities, particularly functional MRI (fMRI), can decode detailed human experiences. Thousands of viewed images can be identified or classified, and sentences can be reconstructed. Decoding paradigms often leverage encoding models that reduce the stimulus space into a smaller yet generalizable feature set. However, the neuroimaging devices used for detailed decoding are non-portable, like fMRI, or invasive, like electrocorticography, excluding application in naturalistic use. Wearable, non-invasive, but lower-resolution devices such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been limited to decoding between stimuli used during training. Herein we develop and evaluate model-based decoding with high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a higher-resolution expansion of fNIRS with demonstrated promise as a surrogate for fMRI. Using a motion energy model of visual content, we decoded the identities of novel movie clips outside the training set with accuracy far above chance for single-trial decoding. Decoding was robust to modulations of testing time window, different training and test imaging sessions, hemodynamic contrast, and optode array density. Our results suggest that HD-DOT can translate detailed decoding into naturalistic use.
Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults
Authors: Cheng Susan F. , Yue Wan Lin , Ng Kwun Kei , Qian Xing , Liu Siwei , Tan Trevor W.K. , Nguyen Kim-Ngan , Leong Ruth L.F. , Hilal Saima , Cheng Ching-Yu , Tan Ai Peng , Law Evelyn C. , Gluckman Peter D. , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Chong Yap Seng , Meaney Michael J. , Chee Michael W.L. , Yeo B.T. Thomas , Zhou Juan Helen 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBrain age has emerged as a powerful tool to understand neuroanatomical aging and its link to health outcomes like cognition. However, there remains a lack of studies investigating the rate of brain aging and its relationship to cognition. Furthermore, most brain age models are trained and tested on cross-sectional data from primarily Caucasian, adult participants. It is thus unclear how well these models generalize to non-Caucasian participants, especially children. Here, we tested a previously published deep learning model on Singaporean elderly participants (55−88 years old) and children (4−11 years old). We found that the model directly generalized to the elderly participants, but model finetuning was necessary for children. After finetuning, we found that the rate of change in brain age gap was associated with future executive function performance in both elderly participants and children. We further found that lateral ventricles and frontal areas contributed to brain age prediction in elderly participants, while white matter and posterior brain regions were more important in predicting brain age of children. Taken together, our results suggest that there is potential for generalizing brain age models to diverse populations. Moreover, the longitudinal change in brain age gap reflects developing and aging processes in the brain, relating to future cognitive function.
Epigenomic signatures as circulating and predictive biomarkers in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma
Authors: El Zarif Talal , Semaan Karl , Eid Marc , Sep Ji-Heui , Semaan Simon Garinet , Davidsohn Matthew P. , Fortunato Brad , Canniff John , Nassar Amin H. , Abou Alaiwi Sarah , Bakouny Ziad , Lakshmi Gitanjali , Savigano Hunter , Lyons Kevin , Matar Sayed , Ali Atef , Saad Eddy , Saliby Renee Maria , Cordeiro Paulo , Zhang Ziwei , El Ahmar Nourhan , Nabil Laimon Yasmine , Labaki Chris , Shah Valisha , Freeman Dory , O’Toole Jillian , Lee Gwo-Shu Mary , Hwang Justin , Pomerantz Mark , Signoretti Sabina , Xie Wanling , Berchuck Jacob E. , Viswanathan Srinivas R. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Braun David A. , Choueiri Toni K. , Freedman Matthew L. , Baca Sylvan C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation (sRCC) is associated with poor survival and heightened response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Two major barriers to improving outcomes for sRCC are (1) a limited understanding of its gene regulatory programs and (2) difficulty identifying sarcomatoid differentiation on tumor biopsies due to spatial heterogeneity. To address these challenges, we characterized the epigenomic landscape of sRCC by profiling 107 epigenomic libraries in tissue and plasma samples from 50 patients with RCC and healthy volunteers. We identified highly recurrent epigenomic reprogramming, as assessed by histone modifications and DNA methylation, that distinguishes sRCC from non-sarcomatoid RCC. Computational analysis of RCC epigenomic profiles and CRISPRa experiments implicated the transcription factor FOSL1 in activating sRCC-associated gene regulatory programs. Analysis of two randomized clinical trials identified FOSL1 expression as a predictive biomarker of response to ICIs in RCC. Finally, we demonstrate that epigenomic signatures of sRCC are detectable in patient plasma, establishing an approach for blood-based diagnosis of this clinically important phenotype. These findings provide a framework for the discovery and non-invasive detection of epigenomic correlates of tumor histology via liquid biopsy.