bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of modified hybrid and logarithmic teleparallel gravity on the interior solutions of compact stars
Authors: Ditta Allah , Tiecheng Xia , Mustafa G. , Errehymy Abdelghani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate spherically symmetric anisotropic solutions that describe compact stellar objects in the modified Rastall teleparallel (MRT) theory of gravity. In order to achieve this goal, we utilize the Karmarkar condition to evaluate the spherically symmetric components of the line element. We explore the field equations by selecting appropriate off-diagonal tetrad fields for two different scenarios. In the first scenario, we use a hybrid form of $$f(T)=\beta e^{m T} T^n$$

f

(
T
)

=
β

e

mT

T
n

and a linear equation of state (EoS) $$p_r=\xi \rho +\phi $$

p
r

=
ξ
ρ
+
ϕ

, where $$0< \xi < 1$$

0
<
ξ
<
1

, to evaluate h(T). In the second scenario, we again use a hybrid form of $$f(T)=\beta e^{m T} T^n$$

f

(
T
)

=
β

e

mT

T
n

and a logarithmic form of $$h(T)=\psi \log (\phi T^{\chi })$$

h

(
T
)

=
ψ
log

(
ϕ

T
χ

)

. We aim to investigate the possible forms of gravity modifications by evaluating the function for different values of m and n, reducing the gravity forms to hybrid, power law form, and exponential form. Our findings reveal that the exponential-logarithmic case is unstable in our scenario. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to attempt to explore compact star models in MRT gravity. After obtaining the field equations, we investigate different physical parameters that demonstrate the stability and physical acceptability of the stellar models. We utilize observational data, such as the mass and radius of the $$PSRJ\;1416-2230$$

P
S
R
J

1416
-
2230

model, to ensure the physical plausibility of our findings.
Lepton $$g-2$$ and W-boson mass anomalies in the DFSZ axion model
Authors: Ahmadvand Moslem , Hajkarim Fazlollah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith regard to the leptonic magnetic dipole moment anomaly as well as the W-boson mass excess, we study the DFSZ axion model. Considering theoretical and experimental constraints, we show that the muon and electron $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomalies can be explained within the parameter space of the model for extra Higgs bosons with mass spectra around the electroweak scale and for an almost equivalent contribution of one-and two-loop diagrams. A negative electron $$g-2$$

g
-
2

could be achieved by introducing heavy neutrinos. Furthermore, the W-boson mass excess can be consistently addressed within the mass range of the matter content testable at collider experiments.
Multicentre investigation of neutron contamination at cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) location due to high-energy photon beams using passive detectors and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Mele A. , Aslian H. , Bolzonella M. , Caresana M. , Ciolini R. , d’Errico F. , Longo F. , Mordacchini C. , Quattrocchi M. , Kaiser S. Ren , Nascimento D. Siqueira , Severgnini M. , Tuttoilmondo E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy treatments involving LINACs operating at accelerating potentials >10 MV generate (photo)neutrons which deliver dose to patients also outside the target volume. This effect is particularly relevant for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), which can be damaged by the therapeutic irradiation. In the last few years, there has been a rising interest in this issue, and it seems that damage to CIEDs is primarily associated with the thermal component of the photoneutron field. In particular, a recent study led by Politecnico di Milano considered CIEDs from various manufacturers and showed that some of these devices can be damaged after an irradiation with a thermal neutron fluence of about $$10^{9}\hbox { cm}^{-2}$$

10
9

cm

-
2

. The present work results from a collaboration among Politecnico di Milano, the University of Pisa, the University of Trieste and three Italian hospitals located in Lucca, Trieste and Varese, respectively, and it is primarily aimed at evaluating the thermal neutron fluence in CIED region for some high-energy treatments delivered at 15 and 18 MV and to determine whether it is comparable to the critical value given above, which has been experimentally determined to be potentially harmful for CIEDs. Thermal neutron fluence was measured through CR-39 detectors and TLDs, which were housed inside a BOMAB-like phantom mimicking the patient’s trunk. The experimental sessions involved two models of LINAC, Varian Clinac DHX (Varese hospital) and Elekta Synergy (Lucca and Trieste hospitals). The experimental results show that the treatments considered in this study can lead to a thermal neutron fluence in the cardiac region comparable to the critical value. Furthermore, detailed Monte Carlo geometries for the facilities involved in this project were developed with the MCNP code (v. 6.2), and they were tested by comparing simulation results to measurements considering some benchmark irradiation plans. Bubble detectors were also employed for fast neutron fluence measurements to be compared to simulation outputs. These computational models stand out as promising tools for the investigations required in this work, and they can be used for further studies also extending their use to analogous facilities hosting the same models of LINACs.
Glucocorticoid Withdrawal Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Karoonkatima Matee , Narongroeknawin Pongthorn , Chaiamnuay Sumapa , Asavatanabodee Paijit , Pakchotanon Rattapol 
Published: November 2023

Background/Objective. Chronic glucocorticoid (GCS) therapy is associated with increased risk of organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, discontinuation of low-dose GCS might cause withdrawal symptoms. This study is aimed at identifying GCS withdrawal symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among SLE patients. Methods. SLE patients whose prednisolone had been previously withdrawn or taken <5 mg/day were enrolled. Serum morning cortisol levels were collected after 72-hour GCS discontinuation, and low-dose ACTH stimulation test (LDST) was performed. Patient report outcomes (PROs) included SLE-specific quality of life questionnaire (SLEQoL), functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Pittsburgh’s sleep quality index (PSQI). Results. Serum morning cortisol of 100 SLE patients was tested. Most patients were female (88%). Seventy-four patients showed remission. The

mean
±
SD

of prednisolone was

0.73
±
1.08

mg/day. Total SLEQoL and FACIT (

mean
±
SD

) of all patients were

67.05
±
26.15

and

13.7
±
8.87

, respectively. Eighteen percent of patients had moderate-severe depressive symptoms, and 49% were poor sleepers. Adrenal function was determined by LDST in only 39 patients; 5 patients (12.8%) were adrenal insufficiency (AI), and 34 patients were normal adrenal function. Compared to normal adrenal function patients, SLE patients with AI had higher proportion of moderate-severe depressive symptom (

PHQ
−
9
>
9

), but not statistically significant (40% vs. 20.6%,

p
=
0.34

). PROs were comparable between groups. Independent factors associated with SLEQoL were FACIT (adjusted

β

1.31, 95% CI 0.76, 1.86,

p
<
0.001

), PHQ-9 (adjusted

β

5.21, 95% CI 4.32, 6.09,

p
<
0.001

), and PSQI (adjusted

β

4.23, 95% CI 3.01, 5.45,

p
<
0.001

), but not with AI (adjusted

β

-5.2, 95% CI -33.26, 22.93, 0.71,

p
=
0.71

). Conclusion. SLE patients with previous GCS exposure could experience AI and withdrawal symptoms such as sleep disturbance and depression during discontinuation of low-dose GCS. Fatigue, depression, and poor sleeper were significantly associated with poor SLEQoL.
Joint Associations of Pregnancy Complications and Postpartum Maternal Renal Biomarkers With Severe Cardiovascular Morbidities: A US Racially and Ethnically Diverse Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Hong Xiumei , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Heymann Jurgen , Yoshida Teruhiko , Waikar Sushrut S. , Ilori Titilayo O. , Wang Guoying , Rebuck Heather , Pearson Colleen , Wang Mei‐Cheng , Winkler Cheryl A. , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Wang Xiaobin 
Published: November 2023

Background
Pregnancy complications are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the role of renal biomarkers measured shortly after delivery, individually or in combination with pregnancy complications, in predicting subsequent severe maternal CVD.

Methods and Results
This study included 566 mothers of diverse races and ethnicities from the Boston Birth cohort, enrolled at delivery and followed prospectively. Plasma creatinine and CysC (cystatin C) were measured 1 to 3 days after delivery. CVD during follow‐up was defined by physician diagnoses in electronic medical records. Associations of renal biomarkers and pregnancy complications with time‐to‐CVD events were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. During an average of 10.3±3.2 years of follow‐up, 30 mothers developed 1 or more CVDs. Only a modest association was observed between creatinine and risk of CVD. In comparison, we found that per 0.1 mg/L increase of CysC was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1–1.4) for CVD after adjusting for covariates. Compared with those without preeclampsia and with normal CysC level (≤75th percentile), mothers with preeclampsia and elevated CysC (>75th percentile) had the highest risk of CVD (HR, 4.6 [95% CI, 1.7–17.7]), whereas mothers with preeclampsia only or with elevated CysC only did not have significantly increased CVD risk. Similar synergistic effects for CVD were observed between CysC and preterm delivery.

Conclusions
In this sample of US, traditionally underrepresented multiracial and multiethnic high‐risk mothers, elevated maternal plasma CysC, independently and jointly with pregnancy complications, increased risk of CVD later in life. These findings warrant further investigation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03228875.
Proteomics to Identify New Blood Biomarkers for Diagnosing Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Marto João Pedro , Carvalho Ana Sofia , G. Mollet Inês , Mendonça Marcelo , Salavisa Manuel , Meira Bruna , Fernandes Marco , Serrazina Filipa , Cabral Gonçalo , Ventura Rita , Sobral‐Pinho André , Beck Hans C. , Vieira Helena L. A. , Viana‐Baptista Miguel , Matthiesen Rune 
Published: November 2023

Background
Blood biomarkers are a potential tool for early stroke diagnosis. We aimed to perform a pilot and exploratory study on untargeted blood biomarkers in patients with suspected stroke by using mass spectrometry analysis.

Methods and Results
This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with suspected stroke admitted within 6 hours of last being seen well. Blood samples were collected at admission. Patients were divided into 3 groups: ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and stroke mimics. Quantitative analysis from mass spectrometry data was performed using a supervised approach. Biomarker‐based prediction models were developed to differentiate IS from ICH and ICH+stroke mimics. Models were built aiming to minimize misidentification of patients with ICH as having IS. We included 90 patients, one‐third within each subgroup. The median age was 71 years (interquartile range, 57–81 years), and 49 participants (54.4%) were women. In quantitative analysis, C3 (complement component 3), ICAM‐2 (intercellular adhesion molecule 2), PLGLA (plasminogen like A), STXBP5 (syntaxin‐binding protein 5), and IGHV3‐64 (immunoglobulin heavy variable 3‐64) were the 5 most significantly dysregulated proteins for both comparisons. Biomarker‐based models showed 88% sensitivity and 89% negative predictive value for differentiating IS from ICH, and 75% sensitivity and 95% negative predictive value for differentiating IS from ICH+stroke mimics. ICAM‐2, STXBP5, PLGLA, C3, and IGHV3‐64 displayed the highest importance score in our models, being the most informative for identifying patients with stroke.

Conclusions
In this proof‐of‐concept and exploratory study, our biomarker‐based prediction models, including ICAM‐2, STXBP5, PLGLA, C3, and IGHV3‐64, showed 75% to 88% sensitivity for identifying patients with IS, while aiming to minimize misclassification of ICH. Although our methodology provided an internal validation, these results still need validation in other cohorts and with different measurement techniques.
Genome‐Wide Assessment of Shared Genetic Architecture Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Chung Wonil , Shan Zhilei , Zhu Zhaozhong , Costenbader Karen H. , Liang Liming 
Published: November 2023

Background
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a 2‐ to 10‐fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the biological mechanisms and existence of causality underlying such associations remain to be investigated. We aimed to investigate the genetic associations and underlying mechanisms between RA and CVD by leveraging large‐scale genomic data and genetic cross‐trait analytic approaches.

Methods and Results

Within UK Biobank data, we examined the genetic correlation, shared genetics, and potential causality between RA (N
cases
=6754, N
controls
=452 384) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD, N
cases
=44 238, N
controls
=414 900) using linkage disequilibrium score regression, cross‐trait meta‐analysis, and Mendelian randomization. We observed significant genetic correlations of RA with myocardial infarction (r
g
:0.40 [95% CI, 0.24–0.56), angina (r
g
:0.42 [95% CI, 0.28–0.56]), coronary heart diseases (r
g
:0.41 [95% CI, 0.27–0.55]), and CVD (r
g
:0.43 [95% CI, 0.29–0.57]) after correcting for multiple testing (
P
<0.05/5). When stratified by frequent use of analgesics, we found increased genetic correlation between RA and CVD among participants without aspirin usage (r
g
:0.54 [95% CI, 0.30–0.78] for angina;
P
value
=6.69×10
−6
) and among participants with paracetamol usage (r
g
:0.75 [95% CI, 0.20–1.29] for myocardial infarction;
P
value
=8.90×10
−3
), whereas others remained similar. Cross‐trait meta‐analysis identified 9 independent shared loci between RA and CVD, including
PTPN22
at
chr1p13.2
,
BCL2L11
at
chr2q13
, and
CCR3
at
chr3p21.31
(
P
single trait
<1×10
−3
and
P
meta
<5×10
−8
), highlighting potential shared pathogenesis including accelerating atherosclerosis, upregulating oxidative stress, and vascular permeability. Finally, Mendelian randomization estimates showed limited evidence of causality between RA and CVD.

Conclusions
Our results supported shared genetic pathogenesis rather than causality in explaining the observed association between RA and CVD. The identified shared genetic factors provided insights into potential novel therapeutic target for RA‐CVD comorbidities.
Danish Students’ Understanding of Fractions: A Replication Study
Authors: Færch Julie Vangsøe , Hodgen Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we report on a conceptual replication of a fractions test originally administered in the 1970s in England as part of the ‘Concepts in Secondary Mathematics and Science’ (CSMS) research programme documenting lower secondary students’ understanding of mathematics. We present data from a recent study conducted in Denmark with 336 students aged between 12 and 14 years, presenting descriptive results as in the original research. In addition, we use Rasch modelling — a technique that was not widely used in the 1970s — to further analyse the students’ understanding of fractions and to validate the test. Our findings indicate that Danish students’ fractional understanding in word or diagrammatic contexts is slightly stronger in comparison to that of the English students in the original study, whereas the case for computations involving fractions is the reverse. We discuss the possible reasons for these differences. Our study provides evidence that fractional knowledge involves a number of components and suggest ways in which the test might be improved.
The Impact Sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.24219673
The Level of Knowledge of Organ Transplantation and Attitudes Toward Organ Donation of Carers of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: İlter Sümeyra Mihrap , Tülüce Derya 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Renal transplantation is the most effective treatment method for chronic renal failure and helps improve the quality of life of patients and caregivers.In the present study, the purpose was to determine the knowledge level of the primary caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment about organ transplantation and their attitudes toward organ donation. Method: The study was conducted in a descriptive fashion with the relatives of 71 patients who were receiving treatment in the hemodialysis unit for the end-stage renal failure of a state hospital between 01.08.2022 and 15.10.2022. The data of the study were collected face to face with a questionnaire form, Organ Donation Attitude Scale, and Organ Tissue Donation and Transplantation Information Scale. The SPSS 24 package program was used in the analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics, numbers, percentages, and mean values were used in the analysis of the data. The One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used to evaluate the homogeneity of the data. The Studentt test, the One-Way Analysis of Variance, the Kruskal–Wallis Test, and the Tukey Post-Hoc Test were used for the analysis between the groups. Statistical significance was taken as p < .05. Results: The benevolence and moral values/beliefs sub-dimension score average of the participants was found to be 98.44 ± 14.61, the fear of medical neglect was 32.10 ± 10.09, and the mean bodily injury sub-dimension score was 30.45 ± 11.28. It was also found that the mean score of the Organ-Tissue Donation and Transplant Information Scale was 11.41 ± 2.59. A statistically significant and negative relationship was detected between the participants’ medical neglect and bodily injury attitudes and the Organ-Tissue Donation and Transplant Information Scale score averages ( p < .05). Conclusion and Suggestions: As a result, it was found that the positive attitudes of the caregivers of individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment about organ donation were at a good level, and as the level of organ transplantation knowledge increased, negative attitudes towards organ donation decreased. In this context, it can be suggested that healthcare professionals provide training on organ transplantation and donation to the relatives of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.
Human Rights and Equality Commissions in Kenya and Their Role in Tackling Poverty and Economic Inequality
Authors: Miyandazi Victoria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article explores the significance of the Kenya National Human Rights Commission (‘KNCHR’) and the National Gender and Equality Commission (‘NGEC’), as independent ‘fourth branch’ institutions protecting democracy (‘IPDs’) in Kenya, in promoting and protecting human rights, democracy and addressing poverty and economic inequality. It provides a conceptual background for the establishment of the two Commissions and evaluates their functions and effectiveness compared to civil society organisations with similar roles. It then examines the unique role of the Commissions in addressing poverty and economic inequality and their accomplishments in upholding the rule of law, democratic ideals and human rights in Kenya. The article also analyses the challenges faced by the Commissions in achieving their goals and the opportunities arising from their emergence as fourth branch IPDs. Finally, it concludes that the constitutional entrenchment of the KNCHR and NGEC provides them with credibility, legitimacy and freedom to carry out their work effectively. However, resource constraints and dependence on political goodwill may hinder their effectiveness in translating human rights, particularly socio-economic rights, into reality. Despite these challenges, the Commissions’ oversight, investigation and complaint handling roles are critical in preventing and addressing poverty and economic inequality through data-driven transformation and collaborative efforts.
Investigating the potential of parallel hybrid-electric retrofit of narrow-body airliner for emission reduction
Authors: Jiang Tianhong , Liu Yaolong , Zheng Yao , Elham Ali 
Published: November 2023

Due to the high power and energy demands of large aircraft and low energy density of batteries, parallel hybrid-electric propulsion (HEP) is an in-between solution to reduce carbon emissions instead of full-electric propulsion. Considering the long in-service time, parallel HEP retrofit of existing large commercial or transport aircraft is favorable for technical risks and economic values. To enhance the reliability of the analysis, a comprehensive parallel HEP retrofit study of a narrow-body airliner is carried out in this paper. At first, efficient and accurate aerodynamic and engine deck surrogate models are built to include multidisciplinary impacts. To capture the off-design performance, a detailed flight mission is modeled based on exact flight dynamic equations, which is solved in a time-stepping manner. Then, the hybridization levels and battery usage strategy are thoroughly investigated. Besides, fuel burn, carbon emissions, and total energy consumption performance is studied for fixed take-off weight and selected flight range scenarios. The results show that the total energy in flight can be reduced by 7.9% and fuel combustion and carbon emissions can be reduced by 13.2% for the 2000 km flight distance case compared to the reference case. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions are 3059.8 kg CO2, 1220.0 kg H2O, 0.1937 kg SO4, and 0.0387 kg soot. As our methods have incorporated reliable multidisciplinary data and off-design features, the results and conclusions on the parallel HEP retrofit of large aircraft for carbon emission reductions and sustainable aviation goals are more relevant.
Polyneuritis cranialis as a unique initial presentation of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: Case report
Authors: Tomoum Hoda , El-Owaidy Rasha , El-Zohiery Abeer 
Published: November 2023

Cranial neuropathy is a rare presentation in juvenile (j) SLE and being multiple is even rarer. We describe here an adolescent girl presenting with polyneuritis cranialis (PNC) as an initial presentation of SLE which had not been reported before in literature. She presented with symptoms suggestive of bilateral abducent and hypoglossal neuropathy with nerve conduction studies showing partial axonal neuropathy of left facial and accessory nerves, 6 weeks after common cold. The condition was not associated with any other neurological or systemic manifestations nor features of Sjogren’s syndrome. Her condition responded well to pulsed methylprednisolone therapy and plasma exchange. After exclusion of the common causes and owing to the initial positive ANA results and mild proteinuria, renal biopsy was taken and revealed histopathological features of class III lupus nephritis for which mycophenolate mofetil was started at 1200 mg per m2. Our case highlights the importance of considering collagen disorders including SLE in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with PNC in order to allow adequate management and proper follow-up.