bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projections of Future Climate Change in Southern Africa and the Potential for Regional Tipping Points
Authors: Engelbrecht Francois A. , Steinkopf Jessica , Padavatan Jonathan , Midgley Guy F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSouthern Africa is a climate change hotspot with projected warming and drying trends amplifying stresses in a naturally warm, dry and water-stressed region. Despite model-projected uncertainty in rainfall change over the eastern escarpment of South Africa, strong model agreement in projections indicates that southern African is likely to become generally drier. Sharply increased regional warming and associated strong reductions in soil-moisture availability and increases in heat-waves and high fire-danger days are virtually certain under low mitigation futures. Changes are detectible in observed climate trends for the last few decades, including regional warming, drying in both the summer and winter rainfall regions, and increases in intense rainfall events. The southern African climate is at risk of tipping into a new regime, with unprecedented impacts, such as day-zero drought in the Gauteng province of South Africa, collapse of the maize and cattle industries, heat-waves of unprecedented intensity and southward shifts in intense tropical cyclone landfalls. Many of these adverse changes could be avoided if the Paris Accord’s global goal were to be achieved, but research is urgently required to quantify the probabilities of such tipping points in relation to future levels of global warming. Adaptation planning is an urgent regional priority.
Fighting for PET in German Oncological Guidelines and for Its Reimbursement by Statutory Health Insurances
Authors: Hellwig Dirk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrecision medicine has a substantial basis in nuclear medicine and found its way into diagnosis and treatment of major and rare diseases. Apart from their scientific basis, further aspects are important for new medical procedures to be introduced into broad clinical care. In this matter, we in Germany have special experiences with PET which is still not fully recognized by statutory health insurances as the standard procedure of choice for many important indications despite its recommendation in international guidelines. This chapter describes the long way of PET and PET/CT into German guidelines and reimbursement for the example of lung cancer, to which the jubilarian made crucial contributions.
The Role of Individuals for Innovation: The Nuclear Medicine Biotope
Authors: Kluge Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractToday’s ability of nuclear medicine to diagnostically image almost any physiological target and to translate the obtained diagnostic information into therapeutic interventions is founded on the combination multiple individual innovations in all areas of science. Since the inception of nuclear medicine in 1941, the basic methodologies of nuclide generation, radiochemistry, imaging physics, engineering and biomedical data analysis all had to be developed de novo. This article intends to synoptically highlight individual key contributions enabling current molecular imaging and radiotherapy.
Terbium “Sisters”: More Than just a “Swiss Army Knife”
Authors: Müller Cristina , van der Meulen Nicholas P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe concept of radiotheragnotics is employed at many nuclear medicine entities worldwide, where 68Ga and 177Lu are the most commonly used radiometals for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy, respectively.The application of radionuclides of the same element (i.e., radioisotopes) would enable the preparation of chemically identical radiopharmaceuticals for both imaging and therapy. At the Paul Scherrer Institute, the realization of this concept has been a major research focus over the last decade. Among several interesting metals, terbium is of particular relevance. It comprises four radioisotopes suitable for nuclear medicine purposes, including imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT; terbium-155) and positron emission tomography (PET; terbium-152), respectively, as well as targeted radionuclide therapy using α-particles (terbium-149) and β¯-particles (terbium-161).This chapter presents the birth of the terbium “sisters” at PSI and briefly summarizes the most important achievements obtained with each of the four sisters. Future perspectives and challenges with regard to clinical translation of the “terbium sister concept” are presented and discussed.
On the Use of 203Pb Imaging to Inform 212Pb Dosimetry for 203/212Pb Image-Guided Alpha-Particle Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Graves Stephen , Li Mengshi , Lee Dongyoul , Schultz Michael K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical therapy shows promise for improving the therapeutic efficacy of existing and future targeting ligands by limiting off-target irradiation and by preempting many cell survival mechanisms. Dosimetry-guided therapies are emerging as potentially safer and more effective than approaches based on a fixed-activity-administration paradigm. Among the candidates of alpha-emitting radionuclides, 212Pb shows promise for use under an image-guided dosimetry-informed theranostic paradigm, whereby 203Pb can be used for dosimetry and treatment planning. In this chapter, we model an approach to accurately estimate the dosimetry of 212Pb-based radiopharmaceuticals using 203Pb as a surrogate. However, uncertainties arise in dosimetric predictions for 212Pb based on 203Pb imaging due to the potential for migration of 212Pb radionuclide progeny (i.e., 212Bi, 212Po, 208Tl) from the site of 212Pb decay. On the other hand, based on distinct gamma-ray energies of the 212Pb progeny, the design of in vivo experiments is described that have the potential to define these uncertainties more precisely, so as to gain insights into the potential toxicity of bioconjugated and potentially decoupled 212Bi in tissues. The promise of alpha-particle radionuclide therapy is evidenced by a tenfold increase in publications over the last 30 years, and it is anticipated that the elementally matched 203Pb/212Pb radionuclide pair will play a key role in our progress toward personalized receptor-targeted alpha-particle therapy for cancer.
Radioiodine-Labeled Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine for Imaging and Treatment of Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma and Neuroblastoma
Authors: Fischer Manfred , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFollowing the new WHO classification of tumors of the endocrine organs (Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Klöppel G, Rodai J, editors. WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2017), this chapter deals with the development of radionuclide therapy of malignant pheochromocytomas, parangliomas, and neuroblastomas. All of these tumors are expressing the noradrenaline transporter, which is responsible for the active uptake of 131I-meta-iodobenzyguanidine (131I-mIBG) into the tumor cells. This tracer was introduced for diagnostic procedures of the adrenal medulla, for the treatment of adrenal medullary hyperplasia and also for malignant neuroendocrine tumors in 1980/1981, and these treatment indications are still valid until today. For treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, an improvement of 5-year overall survival in about 36% was published.In Germany, the most common indication for 131I-mIBG therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma patients is the treatment of persistent mIBG-avid disease before autologous stem cell transplantation. However, 131I-mIBG may also be used in case of neuroblastoma relapse or in palliative intent, in other countries also as first-line treatment. Mean objective tumor response for 131I-mIBG in neuroblastoma was reported with about 32%.Some promising results of recent studies using new tracers (DOTATOC, DOTATATE) with newer beta-emitters are also discussed.
From Concept to Clinic and Commercialization: Cowboys Wanted
Authors: Behrenbruch Christian P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is threefold.Firstly, it is an honor to be included in this Festschrift, a recognition and celebration of the enormous contribution Professor Richard Baum has made to the field of nuclear medicine. I would like to write a few words as to why Richard’s contribution to nuclear medicine and theranostics has been so important from a commercial perspective, and why we need more innovators like him. Secondly, I want to review some of the reasons why, despite enormous potential, the field of nuclear medicine has not been as commercially successful as it could be, and the pitfalls we must address in order to deliver in the future. Finally, I’d like to highlight some of the areas that I am most excited about from a commercial perspective that will likely define the field over the next decade.I’ve spent 20 years hunting money for imaging and nuclear medicine companies and over that time, through varying degrees of economic prosperity, I have received a great deal of candid feedback about how investors view the nuclear medicine industry. These perceptions offer provocative insights into our industry and I believe they are worth sharing, both for information and entertainment. Not all opinions will garner agreement.
“How Do You Feel About Dosimetry?” The Gretchenfrage of Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Blaickner Matthias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDosimetry is Radionuclide Therapy which is a topic often and sometimes even passionately debated among scientists. It revolves around the question whether dosimetry calculations are useful or even necessary and if the calculated values have any clinical significance or advantage for the patient.This article aims to give answers to these questions by systematically reviewing the different aspects of Radionuclide Therapy. First, the most important radionuclides, carrier molecules, and corresponding imaging techniques used in diagnosis and therapy are discussed in the ways they can be combined for theragnostic approaches. Furthermore, the different forms of dosimetry and their levels of detail are outlined including a precis on the physical and radiobiological dose quantities found in literature.Moving forward the evidence for dose-effect relationships is presented, i.e., quantifiable tissue responses as a function of the calculated radiation dose. This includes radiotoxicities of normal, healthy organs which cause an upper limit of the administered activity and are controlled very well. In the case of the kidney the toxicity by Radionuclide Therapy was successfully described via radiobiologic models.Regarding the dose-response of malignant tissue the data is not as comprehensive as in external beam radiotherapy; however, the few studies clearly indicate the existence of a mathematical relation for the mean absorbed dose as well as for more complex dose quantities.Finally, the results are discussed in the context of personalized medicine where the benefits and limits of dosimetry in Radionuclide Therapy are presented.
Emergence of species scale black hole horizons
Authors: Calderón-Infante José , Delgado Matilda , Uranga Angel M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The scale at which quantum gravity becomes manifest, the species scale Λs, has recently been argued to take values parametrically lower than the Planck scale. We use black holes of vanishing horizon area (small black holes) in effective field theories coupled to quantum gravity to shed light on how the three different physical manifestations of the species scale Λs relate to each other. (i) Near the small black hole core, a scalar field runs to infinite distance in moduli space, a regime in which the Swampland Distance Conjecture predicts a tower of exponentially light states, which lower Λs. (ii) We integrate out modes in the tower and generate via Emergence a set of higher derivative corrections, showing that Λs is the scale at which such terms become relevant. (iii) Finally, higher derivative terms modify the black hole solution and grant it a non-zero, species scale sized stretched horizon of radius $$ {\Lambda}_s^{-1} $$

Λ
s

−
1

, showcasing the species scale as the size of the smallest possible black hole describable in the effective theory.We present explicit 4d examples of small black holes in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity, and the 10d example of type IIA D0-branes. The emergence of the species scale horizon for D0-branes requires a non-trivial interplay of different 8-derivative terms in type IIA and M-theory, providing a highly non-trivial check of our unified description of the different phenomena associated to the species scale.
Forward production of a Drell-Yan pair and a jet at small x at next-to-leading order
Authors: Taels Pieter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We perform the analytical next-to-leading order calculation of the process p + A γ∗ + jet + X, at forward rapidities and low x. These kinematics justify a hybrid approach, where a quark from the ‘projectile’ proton scatters off the gluon distribution of the ‘target’, which can be a nucleus or a highly boosted proton. By using the Color Glass Condensate effective theory approach, this gluon distribution is allowed to be so dense that the quark undergoes multiple scattering. Moreover, large high-energy logarithms in the ratio of the hard scale and the center-of-mass energy are resummed by the Balitsky, Kovchegov, Jalilian-Marian, Iancu, McLerran, Weigert, Leonidov, Kovner or BK-JIMWLK evolution equations. We demonstrate that all ultraviolet divergences encountered in the calculation cancel, while the high-energy divergences are absorbed into BK-JIMWLK. The remaining singularities are collinear in nature and can be either absorbed into the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution of the incoming quark, when they stem from initial-state radiation, or else can be treated by a jet function in case they are caused by final-state emissions. The resulting cross section is completely finite and expressed in function of only a small set of color operators.
Quantum corrections to Higgs inflation in Einstein-Cartan gravity
Authors: He Minxi , Kamada Kohei , Mukaida Kyohei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the quantum corrections to the Higgs inflation model in the context of the Einstein-Cartan (E-C) gravity in the large-Nlimit withNbeing the number of real scalar components in Higgs. Recently, it is realized that the Higgs inflation in the E-C formalism smoothly connects those in the metric and the Palatini formalisms in the presence of a non-minimal coupling between the Higgs fields and the Nieh-Yan term. This motivates us to investigate the quantum corrections in large-Nlimit to the E-C Higgs inflation and to clarify how the Ricci curvature squaredR2induced by the quantum corrections succeeds in Ultraviolet (UV)-extending the Higgs inflation in metric formalism while it fails in the Palatini case. We show that a generalizedR2-term required for the renormalization in the E-C formalism induces a new scalar degree of freedom (DoF), the scalaron, which gradually decouples with the system due to its increasing mass as approaching the Palatini limit. The presence of the scalaron extends the UV cutoff at vacuum of the original model except for the parameter space close to the Palatini limit. This UV-extension is expected to solve the strong coupling problem that may exist during (p)reheating in the absence of the scalaron.
Corrected calculation for the non-local solution to the g − 2 anomaly and novel results in non-local QED
Authors: Abu-Ajamieh Fayez , Okada Nobuchika , Vempati Sudhir K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We provide the corrected calculation of the (g − 2)μ in non-local QED previously done in the literature. In specific, we show the proper technique for calculating loops in non-local QED and use it to find the form factors F1(q2) and F2(q2) in non-local QED. We also utilize this technique to calculate some novel results in non-local QED, including calculating the correction to the photon self-energy, the modification to the classical Coulomb potential, the modification to the energy levels of the hydrogen atom, and the contribution to the Lamb shift. We also discuss charge dequantization through non-locality, and show that the experimental bounds on the electric charge on Dirac neutrinos, translate into strong flavor-dependent bounds on the scale on non-locality that range between 105−1010 TeV. We also discuss the inconsistencies of unrenormalized non-local Quantum Field Theories (QFTs) and the need for renormalizing them, even when they are free from UV divergences.
Split NMSSM from dimensional reduction of a 10D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 E8 over SU(3)/U(1) × U(1) × Z3
Authors: Patellis Gregory , Porod Werner , Zoupanos George 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We examine an extension of the Standard Model which results from a 10D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, E8 gauge theory. The theory is dimensionally reduced over a M4 × B0/Z3 space, where B0 is the nearly-Kähler manifold SU(3)/U(1) × U(1) and Z3 is a freely acting discrete group on B0 that triggers a Wilson flux breaking, leading to an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, SU(3)3 × U(1)2 effective theory in 4D. At lower energies we are left with the Split NMSSM. Its 2-loop analysis yields third generation quark and light Higgs masses within the experimental limits and predicts a neutralino LSP mass < 800 GeV.
Photon-rejection power of the Light Dark Matter eXperiment in an 8 GeV beam
Authors:   The LDMX collaboration, Åkesson Torsten , Bravo Cameron , Brennan Liam , Bryngemark Lene Kristian , Butti Pierfrancesco , Dukes E. Craig , Dutta Valentina , Echenard Bertrand , Eichlersmith Thomas , Eisch Jonathan , Elén Einar , Ehrlich Ralf , Froemming Cooper , Furmanski Andrew , Gogate Niramay , Grieco Chiara , Group Craig , Herde Hannah , Herwig Christian , Hitlin David G. , Horoho Tyler , Incandela Joseph , Ketchum Wesley , Krnjaic Gordan , Li Amina , Mans Jeremiah , Masterson Phillip , Middleton Sophie , Moreno Omar , Mullier Geoffrey , Muse Joseph , Nelson Timothy , O’Dwyer Rory , Östman Leo , Oyang James , Pascadlo Jessica , Pöttgen Ruth , Sarmiento Luis G. , Schuster Philip , Solt Matthew , Suarez Cristina Mantilla , Tompkins Lauren , Toro Natalia , Tran Nhan , Wallin Erik , Whitbeck Andrew , Zhang Danyi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is an electron-beam fixed-target experiment designed to achieve comprehensive model independent sensitivity to dark matter particles in the sub-GeV mass region. An upgrade to the LCLS-II accelerator will increase the beam energy available to LDMX from 4 to 8 GeV. Using detailed GEANT4-based simulations, we investigate the effect of the increased beam energy on the capabilities to separate signal and background, and demonstrate that the veto methodology developed for 4 GeV successfully rejects photon-induced backgrounds for at least 2 × 1014 electrons on target at 8 GeV.
Exploring slicing variables for jet processes
Authors: Buonocore Luca , Grazzini Massimiliano , Haag Jürg , Rottoli Luca , Savoini Chiara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider the class of inclusive hadron collider processes in which one or more energetic jets are produced, possibly accompanied by colourless particles. We provide a general formulation of a slicing scheme for this class of processes, by identifying the various contributions that need to be computed up to next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD perturbation theory. We focus on two novel observables, the one-jet resolution variable ∆Et and the n-jet resolution variable $$ {k}_T^{\textrm{ness}} $$

k
T
ness

, and explicitly compute all the ingredients needed to carry out NLO computations using these variables. We contrast the behaviour of these variables when the slicing parameter becomes small. In the case of $$ {k}_T^{\textrm{ness}} $$

k
T
ness

we also present results for the hadroproduction of multiple jets.
New inflationary probes of axion dark matter
Authors: Chen Xingang , Fan JiJi , Li Lingfeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
If a light axion is present during inflation and becomes part of dark matter afterwards, its quantum fluctuations contribute to dark matter isocurvature. In this article, we introduce a whole new suite of cosmological observables for axion isocurvature, which could help test the presence of axions, as well as its coupling to the inflaton and other heavy spectator fields during inflation such as the radial mode of the Peccei-Quinn field. They include correlated clock signals in the curvature and isocurvature spectra, and mixed cosmological-collider non-Gaussianities involving both curvature and isocurvature fluctuations with shapes and running unconstrained by the current data analyses. Taking into account of the existing strong constraints on axion isocurvature fluctuations from the CMB, these novel signals could still be sizable and potentially observable. In some models, the signals, if observed, could even help us significantly narrow down the range of the inflationary Hubble scale, a crucial parameter difficult to be determined in general, independent of the tensor mode.
Association between reduced physical performance measures and short-term consequences after major emergency abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kokotovic Dunja , Schucany Aide , Soylu Liv , Fenger Andreas Q. , Puggard Iben , Ekeloef Sarah , Gögenur Ismail , Burcharth Jakob 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Major emergency abdominal surgery is associated with high morbidity with outcomes worse than for similar elective surgery, including complicated physical recovery, increased need for rehabilitation, and prolonged hospitalisation.

Purpose
To investigate whether low physical performance test scores were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications, and, furthermore, to investigate the feasibility of postoperative performance tests in patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery. We hypothesize that patients with low performance test scores suffer more postoperative complications.

Methods
The study is a prospective observational cohort study including all patients who underwent major abdominal surgery at the Department of Surgery at Zealand University Hospital between 1st March 2017 and 31st January 2019. Patients were evaluated with De Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) score, hand grip strength, and 30-s chair-stand test.

Results
The study included 488 patients (median age 69, 50.6% male). Physiotherapeutic evaluation including physical performance tests with DEMMI and hand grip strength in the immediate postoperative period were feasible in up to 68% of patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery. The 30-s chair-stand test was less viable in this population; only 21% of the patients could complete the 30-s chair-stand test during the postoperative period. In logistic regression models low DEMMI score (< 40) and ASA classification and low hand grip strength (< 20 kg for women, < 30 kg for men were independent risk factors for the development of postoperative severe complications Clavien–Dindo (CD) grade ≥ 3.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing major emergency surgery low performance test scores (DEMMI and hand grip strength), were independently associated with the development of significant postoperative complications CD ≥ 3.
Anstieg der natürlichen Hörschwelle nach Cochleaimplantatversorgung
Authors: Moermans Nathalie , Sudhoff Holger , Todt Ingo 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungMehr als 5 % der Weltbevölkerung leiden an einem behindernden Hörverlust. Bei unklarer Ursache des Hörverlusts bezeichnet man dies als „idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss“ (ISSNHL). Nach ausbleibendem Erfolg der Standardtherapie wird in aller Regel die Verwendung von Hörgeräten oder ein Cochleaimplantat (CI) empfohlen. In diesem Fall wurde ein 55-jähriger Patient mit ISSNHL und erfolgloser konservativer Therapie mit einer Cochleaimplantation behandelt. Rund 1 Jahr nach Implantation und 7 Jahre nach dem Hörsturz wurde anhand von subjektiven Messungen eine weitestgehende Wiederherstellung der Hörschwelle festgestellt.