bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head & Face Medicine – a new journal for 'intra-interdisciplinary' science. Why? When? Where?
Authors: Stamm Thomas 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The human head and face is the target structure of a large number of medical disciplines which are subject to a continuing trend in medical science – 'ongoing fragmentation' or, to use a better established term, 'opening up new fields'. An adverse side effect of this trend is the separation of scientists, which contributes to a breakdown in communication. Specialization is necessary, but who is able to recombine the pieces of knowledge gained in different branches of science? Who is able to trace back an effect to its cause through the whole system? What is the instrument that enables scientists to think 'laterally', or across disciplines?
To be one of these instruments is the vision of Head & Face Medicine. To induce 'intra-interdisciplinary' thinking of scientists by bringing together the findings achieved by different researchers from various specialties, all exploring the same target structure – the human head and face. Head & Face Medicine's objective is to support scientists in gaining new insights from different views, to recognize patterns, to extract new thoughts, to recombine them and bring new visions to life.
Evolving tools like the internet, e-publishing, Open Access and open peer review make Head & Face Medicine a cross between a traditional journal and a data stream which can be queried, analyzed and processed with the aim of increasing medical knowledge in the area of head and face medicine. These tools represent several advantages: fast publication, increase of a paper's scientific impact and ethical superiority.

Head & Face Medicine looks forward to receiving your contributions.
A rapid and versatile combined DNA/RNA extraction protocol and its application to the analysis of a novel DNA marker set polymorphic between Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and Landsberg erecta
Authors: Berendzen Kenneth , Searle Iain , Ravenscroft Dean , Koncz Csaba , Batschauer Alfred , Coupland George , Somssich Imre E , Ülker Bekir 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Many established PCR-based approaches in plant molecular biology rely on lengthy and expensive methods for isolation of nucleic acids. Although several rapid DNA isolation protocols are available, they have not been tested for simultaneous RNA isolation for RT-PCR applications. In addition, traditional map-based cloning technologies often use ill-proportioned marker regions even when working with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, where the availability of the full genome sequence can now be exploited for the creation of a high-density marker systems.

Results
We designed a high-density polymorphic marker set between two frequently used ecotypes. This new polymorphic marker set allows size separation of PCR products on agarose gels and provides an initial resolution of 10 cM in linkage mapping experiments, facilitated by a rapid plant nucleic acid extraction protocol using minimal amounts of A. thaliana tissue. Using this extraction protocol, we have also characterized segregating T-DNA insertion mutations. In addition, we have shown that our rapid nucleic acid extraction protocol can also be used for monitoring transcript levels by RT-PCR amplification. Finally we have demonstrated that our nucleic acid isolation method is also suitable for other plant species, such as tobacco and barley.

Conclusion
To facilitate high-throughput linkage mapping and other genomic applications, our nucleic acid isolation protocol yields sufficient quality of DNA and RNA templates for PCR and RT-PCR reactions, respectively. This new technique requires considerably less time compared to other purification methods, and in combination with a new polymorphic PCR marker set dramatically reduces the workload required for linkage mapping of mutations in A. thaliana utilizing crosses between Col-0 and Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotypes.
The contact-mediated response of peripheral-blood monocytes to preactivated T cells is suppressed by serum factors in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rossol Manuela , Kaltenhäuser Sylke , Scholz Roger , Häntzschel Holm , Hauschildt Sunna , Wagner Ulf 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStimulation of monocytes/macrophages after cell contact with preactivated T cells has been suggested to contribute to the excessive TNF-α production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, T cell-contact-dependent TNF-α production by peripheral-blood monocytes in vitro was investigated and found to be significantly lower in treated and untreated patients with RA than in healthy controls. This suppression was not due to a general deficiency of monocytes to respond, because responses to lipopolysaccharide were comparable in patients and controls. In agreement with the pivotal role of TNF-α in RA, T cell-dependent induction of TNF-α in synovial macrophages was fivefold to tenfold higher than in peripheral-blood monocytes from either patients or controls. The decreased response of peripheral-blood monocytes from patients with RA was found to be mediated by inhibitory serum factors, because the addition of patient sera to monocytes from healthy controls suppressed TNF-α response in the co-culture assay. Preincubation of monocytes from healthy controls with RA serum was sufficient to suppress the subsequent TNF-α response in T cell co-cultures, indicating that inhibitory factors do indeed bind to monocyte surfaces, which might represent a regulatory counter-action of the immune system to the long-standing and consuming autoimmune process in RA. There are some indications that apolipoprotein A-1 might be part of this regulatory system.
Identification of cyanobacterial non-coding RNAs by comparative genome analysis
Authors: Axmann Ilka M , Kensche Philip , Vogel Jörg , Kohl Stefan , Herzel Hanspeter , Hess Wolfgang R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background
Whole genome sequencing of marine cyanobacteria has revealed an unprecedented degree of genomic variation and streamlining. With a size of 1.66 megabase-pairs, Prochlorococcus sp. MED4 has the most compact of these genomes and it is enigmatic how the few identified regulatory proteins efficiently sustain the lifestyle of an ecologically successful marine microorganism. Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) control a plethora of processes in eukaryotes as well as in bacteria; however, systematic searches for ncRNAs are still lacking for most eubacterial phyla outside the enterobacteria.

Results
Based on a computational prediction we show the presence of several ncRNAs (cyanobacterial functional RNA or Yfr) in several different cyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus-Synechococcus lineage. Some ncRNA genes are present only in two or three of the four strains investigated, whereas the RNAs Yfr2 through Yfr5 are structurally highly related and are encoded by a rapidly evolving gene family as their genes exist in different copy numbers and at different sites in the four investigated genomes. One ncRNA, Yfr7, is present in at least seven other cyanobacteria. In addition, control elements for several ribosomal operons were predicted as well as riboswitches for thiamine pyrophosphate and cobalamin.

Conclusion
This is the first genome-wide and systematic screen for ncRNAs in cyanobacteria. Several ncRNAs were both computationally predicted and their presence was biochemically verified. These RNAs may have regulatory functions and each shows a distinct phylogenetic distribution. Our approach can be applied to any group of microorganisms for which more than one total genome sequence is available for comparative analysis.
Self-Conscious Modeling (Modellierung bewusster Systeme)
Authors: Bellman Kirstie L. 
Published: August 2005

Summury
Increasingly diverse and complex computer-based support underlies critical human processes, such as education, commerce, medicine, science, defense, and government. These systems are fed massive amounts of data and due to the complexity and size of these systems, they are integrating and interfacing with each other with less human oversight. Soon, they will need to build, refine, and elaborate their own models and processes, making more decisions about what information to use in what manner and how to approach problems or goals. Hence, these systems must be able to reason about and report out to us their modeling and processing choices in order to help us monitor and control their operations and interactions. In this paper, we discuss our work on creating reflective systems, and how reflection coupled with “generative processes” and “cognitive instrumentation” will help enable organic computing systems. We then briefly describe our testbed for studying self-conscious modeling.
Evolutionäre Elektronikarchitektur für Kraftfahrzeuge (Evolutionary Electronic Systems for Automobiles)
Authors: Hofmann Peter E. H. , Leboch Stefan F. 
Published: August 2005

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass biologische Systeme über eine Vielzahl von Eigenschaften verfügen, die zu sehr widerstandsfähigen und anpassungsfähigen Systemen führen, die scheinbar mühelos mit Veränderungen jeder Art umgehen können wird in diesem Artikel ein Ansatz vorgestellt, der zeigt, wie die Prinzipien der Selbstorganisation auf technische Systeme übertragen werden können. Basierend auf der Idee von autonomen Einheiten, die sich zu einem Verbund kooperierender Einheiten zusammenschließen und so ein föderatives System bilden, welches in der Lage ist, sich dynamisch an neue Gegebenheiten anzupassen, findet dieser Forschungsansatz seine Anwendung in einem von Studenten konstruierten mechatronischen Demonstrationsfahrzeug.
Softwarelokalisierung (Software Localization)
Authors: Fissgus Ursula , Seewald-Heeg Uta 
Published: August 2005

Zusammenfassung
Entwicklung von Software für den globalen Markt setzt Softwarelokalisierung, d.h. die Anpassung der Software an Sprache und Kultur des Zielmarktes, voraus. Der vorliegende Artikel skizziert die Entwicklung der Softwarelokalisierung, beschreibt die daraus resultierenden Implikationen für den Softwareentwicklungsprozess, analysiert Werkzeuge und Standards und thematisiert die für eine erfolgreiche Softwarelokalisierung notwendigen Kompetenzen sowie Aus- und Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten.
Sorption of radiocobalt on pottery
Authors: Helal Abd-Allah A. , Aly Hisham F. , Khalifa Salah M. , Ahmad Mohammad I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRemoval of the radioactive tracer60Co from solution using pottery and its raw material (potter's clay) was studied at different conditions. The results confirmed that pottery (as a natural cheap material) has a high ability to sorb the radiotracer. The rate of sorption was found to increase with increasing surface area of the sorbent, shaking time, amount of sorbent and pH of the aqueous solution. The sorption by the potter's clay material was found to be slightly higher than the pottery, because of the presence of humic, and other organic, materials. The capacity of the sorbents for the sorption of Co2+was found 10.35, 9.68, mmole metal/g sorbent for raw and pottery, respectively. The sorption behavior is described by a Freundlich type isotherm, within the experimental Co2+concentrations used. The sorption mechanism was suggested to occurviaadsorption and ion exchange.By using a pottery container (pot) as a filtering device, low level radioactive waste solution containing60Co +(152,154)Eu or60Co +(152,154)Eu +65Zn were completely decontaminated.
Approximations of empirical probability generating processes
Authors: Szűcs Gábor 
Published: August 2005

Summary
First we polish an argument of Rémillard and Theodorescu for the weak convergence of the empirical probability generating process. Then we prove a general inequality between probability generating processes and the corresponding empirical processes, which readily implies a rate of convergence and trivializes the problem of weak convergence: whenever the empirical process or its non-parametric bootstrap version, or the parametric estimated empirical process or its bootstrap version converges, so does the corresponding probability generating process. Derivatives of the generating process are also considered.
Carbonic Anhydrase-Related Protein VIII Deficiency Is Associated With a Distinctive Lifelong Gait Disorder in Waddles Mice
Authors: Jiao Yan , Yan Jian , Zhao Yu , Donahue Leah Rae , Beamer Wesley G , Li Xinmin , Roe Bruce A , LeDoux Mark S , Gu Weikuan 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The waddles (wdl) mouse is a unique animal model that exhibits ataxia and appendicular dystonia without pathological abnormalities of either the central or the peripheral nervous systems. A 19-bp deletion in exon 8 of the carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII gene (Car8) was detected by high-throughput temperature-gradient capillary electrophoresis heteroduplex analysis of PCR amplicons of genes and ESTs within the wdl locus on mouse chromosome 4. Although regarded as a member of the carbonic anhydrase gene family, the encoded protein (CAR8) has no reported enzymatic activity. In normal mice, CAR8 is abundantly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells as well as in several other cell groups. Compatible with nonsense-mediated decay of mutant transcripts, CAR8 is virtually absent in mice homozygous for the wdl mutation. These data indicate that the wdl mouse is a Car8 null mutant and that CAR8 plays a central role in motor control.
Disentangling Linkage Disequilibrium and Linkage From Dense Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Trio Data
Authors: Clarke Geraldine M , Cardon Lon R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Parent-offspring trios are widely collected for disease gene-mapping studies and are being extensively genotyped as part of the International HapMap Project. With dense maps of markers on trios, the effects of LD and linkage can be separated, allowing estimation of recombination rates in a model-free setting. Here we define a model-free multipoint method on the basis of dense sequence polymorphism data from parent-offspring trios to estimate intermarker recombination rates. We use simulations to show that this method has up to 92% power to detect recombination hotspots of intensity 25 times background over a region of size 10 kb typed at density 1 marker per 2.5 kb and almost 100% power to detect large hotspots of intensity &gt;125 times background over regions of size 10 kb typed with just 1 marker per 5 kb (α = 0.05). We found strong agreement at megabase scales between estimates from our method applied to HapMap trio data and estimates from the genetic map. At finer scales, using Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) pedigree data across a 10-Mb region of chromosome 20, a comparison of population recombination rate estimates obtained from our method with estimates obtained using a coalescent-based approximate-likelihood method implemented in PHASE 2.0 shows detection of the same coldspots and most hotspots: The Spearman rank correlation between the estimates from our method and those from PHASE is 0.58 (p &lt; 2.2−16).
Measurements of FRET in a Glucose‐sensitive Affinity System with Frequency‐domain Lifetime Spectroscopy
Authors: Liang Feng , Pan Tianshu , Sevick‐Muraca Eva M. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTWe report measurements of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for glucose sensing in an established concanavalin A–dextran affinity system using frequency‐domain lifetime spectroscopy. A dextran (MW 2000000) labeled with a small fluorescent donor molecule, Alexa Fluor 568, was used to competitively bind to a sugar‐binding protein, concanavalin A, labeled with acceptor molecule, Alexa Fluor 647, in the presence of glucose. The FRET‐quenching kinetics of the donor were analyzed from frequency‐domain measurements as a function of both glucose and acceptor‐protein concentrations using a Förster‐type decay kinetics model. The results show that the frequency‐domain measurements and donor decay kinetics can quantitatively indicate changes in the competitive binding of 0.09 μM dextran to labeled concanavalin A at a solution concentration of 10.67 μM in the presence of glucose at concentrations ranging from 0 to 224 mg/dL.
Flow Cytometric Sorting of Fresh and Frozen‐Thawed Spermatozoa in the Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: O'Brien J.K. , Stojanov T. , Crichton E.G. , Evans K.M. , Leigh D. , Maxwell W.M.C. , Evans G. , Loskutoff N.M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe adapted flow cytometry technology for high‐purity sorting of X chromosome‐bearing spermatozoa in the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Our objectives were to develop methodologies for liquid storage of semen prior to sorting, sorting of liquid‐stored and frozen‐thawed spermatozoa, and assessment of sorting accuracy. In study 1, the in vitro sperm characteristics of gorilla ejaculates from one male were unchanged (P>0.05) after 8 hr of liquid storage at 15°C in a non‐egg yolk diluent (HEPES‐buffered modified Tyrode's medium). In study 2, we examined the efficacy of sorting fresh and frozen‐thawed spermatozoa using human spermatozoa as a model for gorilla spermatozoa. Ejaculates from one male were split into fresh and frozen aliquots. X‐enriched samples derived from both fresh and frozen‐thawed human semen were of high purity, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH; 90.7%±2.3%, overall), and contained a high proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa (86.0%±1.0%, overall). In study 3, we processed liquid‐stored semen from two gorillas for sorting using a modification of methods for human spermatozoa. The sort rate for enrichment of X‐bearing spermatozoa was 7.3±2.5 spermatozoa per second. The X‐enriched samples were of high purity (single‐sperm PCR: 83.7%) and normal morphology (79.0%±3.9%). In study 4 we examined frozen‐thawed gorilla semen, and the sort rate (8.3±2.9 X‐bearing sperm/sec), purity (89.7%), and normal morphology (81.4%±3.4%) were comparable to those of liquid‐stored semen. Depending on the male and the type of sample used (fresh or frozen‐thawed), 0.8–2.2% of gorilla spermatozoa in the processed ejaculate were present in the X‐enriched sample. These results demonstrate that fresh or frozen‐thawed gorilla spermatozoa can be flow cytometrically sorted into samples enriched for X‐bearing spermatozoa. Am. J. Primatol. 66:297–315, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of male residency and intergroup transfer in gray‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)
Authors: Olupot William , Waser Peter M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe describe the movements and fates of 36 collared gray‐cheeked male mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) that resided in seven social groups in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The male mangabeys were captured, radiotagged, and then contacted regularly over a period of up to 8 years. Individuals varied considerably in how tightly they were associated with their groups. “Central” males were usually found in close spatial association with their own groups, but they sometimes visited others. “Peripheral” males were often found several hundred meters away from their own groups. Most adult males were characterized by repeated intergroup transfers, manifested as “visits” and “dispersals.” Visits were transfers that did not result in mating. The visits were brief, and ranged from a few minutes to a few days before the male returned to his previous group, moved on to another group, or returned to solitary life. The term “dispersal” refers to a transfer that results in mating, after which the male remains in the new group. Young males began to drift away from their natal groups in early subadulthood, but the timing of first associations with estrous females in other groups was highly variable. Natal dispersers were generally solitary for a month or more, and at least half moved into nonadjacent groups. Secondary dispersal was common. After they immigrated, adult males remained in a group for a median of 19 months before they emigrated again, with the probability of departure being approximately constant in time. Secondary dispersal was usually made into an adjacent group and lasted less than 7 days. Emigration and immigration were not seasonal, and males emigrated singly and apparently independently; however, immigrations were clumped in time, and male dispersal contributed to considerable heterogeneity of group composition.L. albigenadispersal patterns are intermediate between those described forPapiobaboons and forestCercopithecus, and models that predict demographic consequences of dispersal for baboons can be refined to apply to mangabeys. Am. J. Primatol. 66:331–349, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of anogenital swelling size and their endocrine correlates during ovulatory cycles and early pregnancy in free‐ranging barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) of Gibraltar
Authors: Möhle U. , Heistermann M. , Dittami J. , Reinberg V. , Hodges J.K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn macaques and other cercopithecoid primates, large anogenital swellings (AS) are generally found only in those species in which reproduction is not seasonally restricted. In this respect, the Barbary macaque is unusual because while it shows a marked degree of reproductive seasonality, it also exhibits a striking, exaggerated swelling of the circumanal region and labia. Information on the characteristics of AS in female Barbary macaques is limited in that it is largely based on semiquantitative assessments of swelling size, and there are no data on endocrine parameters associated with AS during ovulatory cycles or early pregnancy. In the present study, we combined quantitative measurements of four swelling size parameters (AS width, height, and depth, and labial width) using a video‐imaging technique with fecal estrogen and progestagen determinations in free‐ranging females of the Gibraltar Barbary macaque population to 1) characterize the pattern of AS throughout the mating season and early gestation, and 2) examine the relationships among changes in swelling size and endocrine parameters. The patterns of all four swelling parameters correlated significantly with one another, although measures of AS depth and labial width were difficult to obtain. Using the product of AS height and width, the data demonstrate that the occurrence of AS is highly seasonal, with pronounced cyclical changes during the mating season and early pregnancy. Furthermore, the swelling cycles are characterized by progressive size increases from the early to the late follicular phase, in association with an elevated estrogen:progestagen (E:P) ratio, with ovulation occurring during the maximum swelling phase. The results also demonstrated a conspicuous postconception increase in swelling between days 18–30 of gestation. The postconception swellings were on average 80% of the size of that of the conception cycles, and were preceded by a large increase in fecal estrogen levels and the E:P ratio. This is the first study to characterize swelling patterns and their endocrine correlates during ovarian cycles and early pregnancy in naturally reproducing female Barbary macaques. The data provide a solid basis for further studies to explore sociosexual behavioral patterns and the functional significance of AS in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 66:351–368, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.