bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity of low-calcium fly ash in phosphate hardening binders
Authors:  Брыков А.С. ,  Воронков М.Е. 
Published: December 2023

Легкие, прочные и термостойкие структуры, получаемые при взаимодействии низкокальциевых зол-уноса с фосфорной кислотой, могут представлять интерес для технологии теплоизоляционных высокотемпературных материалов. Однако активность зол-уноса в отношении взаимодействия с растворами ортофосфорной кислоты и способность формировать искусственный камень в результате этого взаимодействия зависят от химического состава и природы стеклофазы золы. Из представленных в данной работе примеров следует, что наряду с золами-уносом, которые легко вступают в эту реакцию при обычной температуре, существуют также золы, проявляющие заметную активность в смесях с H3PO4 только в условиях повышенных температур или остающиеся инертными даже в этих условиях. Результатом химического взаимодействия золы с кислотой является фосфатный камень, прочность которого достигает 10 МПа и более (при плотности 1,4—1,5 г/см3), а после обжига при 900 °C — порядка 15 МПа (при плотности 1,2 г/см3).
Light, strong and heat-resistant structures obtained by the interaction of low-calcium fly ash with phosphoric acid may be of interest for the technology of heat-insulating high-temperature materials. However, the activity of fly ash in the interaction with solutions of orthophosphoric acid and the ability to form artificial stone as a result of this interaction depend on the chemical composition and nature of the glass phase of the ash. From the examples presented in this work, it follows that, along with fly ash, which easily enters this reaction at ordinary temperatures, there exist also ashes that show noticeable activity in mixtures with H3PO4 only at higher temperatures or remain inert even under these conditions. The result of the chemical interaction of ash with acid is phosphate rock whose strength reaches 10 MPa or more (at a density of 1.4—1.5 g/cm3), and after firing at 900° C — about 15 MPa (at a density of 1.2 g/cm3).
High performance concrete of increased resistance to biological corrosion
Authors: Соловьева В.Я. , Степанова И.В. , Соловьев Д.В. 
Published: December 2023

Показано, что повышенная устойчивость бетона к биологической коррозии, достигается при использовании высокоэффективной комплексной химической добавки, содержащей реакционно-активные нанодисперсные частицы диоксида кремния в сочетании с оксидом хрома Cr2O3. Такая добавка обеспечивает формирование высокоплотной структуры бетона с низкой пористостью, а также образование труднорастворимых новых гидратных фаз, которое, возможно, способствует повышению его прочности и устойчивости к воздействию продуктов жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов.
It is shown that an increased resistance of concrete to biological corrosion can be achieved by using a high-performance complex chemical admixture containing reactive nanodispersed particles of silicon dioxide in combination with chromium oxide Cr2O3. Such an additive supports the formation of high-density concrete structure with low porosity, as well as the formation of poorly soluble new hydrate phases, which possibly contributes to the increase of its strength and resistance to the effects of biofouling by microorganisms.
ამოცანით მართვის ცნების გაგებისათვის
Authors: მღვდელაძე გვანცა 
Published: December 2023

საქართველოს თავდაცვის ძალებში 2016-2017 წლებიდან აქტიურად ინერგება მართვის ახალი მეთოდი სახელწოდებით „ამოცანით მართვა“. ამ მეთოდის დანერგვა განაპირობა საქართველოსა და მსოფლიოს უახლეს ისტორიაში მომხდარი სამხედრო კონფლიქტებისრთულმა და არაპროგნოზირებადმა ბუნებამ. ამოცანით მართვის არსი ის არის, რომ მისი გამოყენება ხელს უწყობს რთულ რელიეფურ პირობებში რიცხობრივად და აღჭურვილობით გაცილებით ძლიერ მოწინააღმდეგეზე უპირატესობის მოპოვებას, გამოყენებასა და შენარჩუნებას. „სწორედ „ამოცანით მართვა“ არის მართვის ის მეთოდი, რომელიც ეფექტურად უზრუნველყოფს კომპლექსური სამხედრო ოპერაციების მხარდაჭერას ქვეყნის წინაშე არსებულ საფრთხეებზე რეაგირების პროცესში“. (mod.gov.ge)
ტერმინოლოგიური შესიტყვებაც „ამოცანით მართვა“ (ინგ. mission command) ახალი დამკვიდრებულია თავდაცვის ძალებში. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ბევრნაირად შეიძლება ითარგმნოს ინგლისურიდან, არჩევანი სწორედ „ამოცანით მართვაზე“ შეჩერდა.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT OF HEALTH PROTOCOLS IN EFFORTS TO PREVENT AND CONTROL COVID-19 BY SATPOL PP, BANDUNG CITY
Authors: Andhika Handayani Tira , Kurniawan Wawan 
Published: December 2023

SARS-CoV-2 or better known as the Corona Virus is the virus that causes the Covid-19 pandemic. In several countries, including Indonesia, the problem of handling the spread of the corona virus pandemic (Covid-19) continues to be carried out. Since August 2020, the Regional Government of Bandung City has effectively implemented Bandung City Regulation Number 37 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Adaptation of New Habits in the Context of Prevention and Control of Corona Virus Disease 2019. As a leading sector in suppressing the level of spread of the virus, the Bandung City Satpol PP has carried out .
One of the efforts made by the Satpol PP as the implementer of the Bandung City government policy is by making several efforts ranging from socialization, appeals to enforcement. The Satpol PP, assisted by the joint apparatus of the National Police and the National Police, enforces restrictions in several areas that have the potential to accumulate masses at one point, such as areas that are densely populated with street vendors, cafes, parks etc. Law enforcement carried out by the Satpol PP is solely carried out to provide an understanding of the citizens of the importance of maintaining personal health and the environment during the current pandemic. The enactment of the Bandung mayor Regulation, Number 37 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Adaptation of New Habits in the Context of Prevention and Control of Corona Virus Disease 2019. The number of people exposed to not using a mask is still a lot. The effectiveness of implementing health protocols becomes a question when the level of spread and the level of violations of health protocols is still relatively high.
TEI encoding of Hartmann von Aue – digital
Authors: Millet Victor , Pérez Ben Lorena 
Published: December 2023

Hartmann von Aue was a fundamental and widely recognized German author of the end of the 12th century. Currently we are working on digital editions of Hartmann’s four narrative works, which are being hosted in the heiEditions digital edition infrastructure of the Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg. This paper presents the main aspects of the TEI tagging model, developed in conjunction with the German institution and applied homogeneously to the four editions.
Indigenous Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants Used in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Idaguko Chika Anna , Adeniyi Mayowa Jeremiah 
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus is among the most prevalent endocrine disease that causes morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Traditional medical system has been used for the both prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus since ages. This paper reviewed the use of 35 Nigerian plants with putative anti-diabetic properties with the help of published literature. As per the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), status of these species include Sterculia tragacantha, Newbouldia laevis, Solanum anomalum, Ficus exasperate, Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) Azadirachta indica, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia catapp, Solanum macrocarpon, Petersianthus macrocarpus, Xylopia aethiopica, Costus aferker-gawl, Spondias mombin, Eucalyptus globulus Parkia biglobosa, Persea americana, Anacardium occidentale, Vernonia amygdalina as least concern. While the status of Hunteria umbellate and Vitex doniana are reported as threatened and Dacryodes edulis and Dennettia tripetala as vulnerable species. However, the status of Annona muricata, Chrysophyllum albidum, Citrus paradisi Macfad, Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) are not evaluated. The following species like Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus niruri and Telfairia occidentalis are data deficient. Most of the species belonging to common families like Solanaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Annonaceae and Rutaceae. This review offers relevant information and recent scientific findings on the plants used to treat and manage diabetes in Nigeria. The cellular mechanisms through which these natural agents exert their protective and therapeutic effects on diabetes mellitus may include antioxidative stress, restricting the breakdown of glycogen, pancreatic β-cell regeneration, gluconeogenesis, anti-inflammatory and intracellular signals transduction pathways. This study concludes that indigenous medicinal herbs utilized in Nigeria have the potential to treat diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. Further studies are needed to discover potential drugs from these indigenous plants.
Hume Village and Castle
Authors: Hill Ian , Gamble Michelle , Hall Derek , Haggarty George , Murdoch K Robin , Hunter Fraser , Robertson Calum , Savage Carl E , Thoms Jennifer , Pringle Iain , Lucas Leilani 
Published: December 2023

A three-year community archaeology project was completed on behalf of the Hume Castle Preservation Trust at the village of Hume in the Scottish Borders. The project engaged with over 300 members of the public, providing training and volunteering opportunities in a suite of archaeological skills. The project work focused on Hume Village and its surrounding landscape; in particular Hume Castle and the remains of the former medieval village immediately surrounding it, and the associated kirkyard which housed the former Hume Parish Church. Extensive survey work was completed in the kirkyard and adjacent Glebe, in the grounds of Hume Castle, and at the castle itself. Excavations were completed in the castle grounds, the Glebe, and in the garden of West End Cottage in Hume Village. The results of the survey and excavation works portray the changing settlement pattern and use of land in the village area, particularly highlighting occupation and use of the former buildings surrounding the castle up to 200 years after its destruction. A similar pattern was found in the kirkyard, with continual use of the cemetery over 300 years after the abandonment, and probable destruction, of the former kirk. The results indicate that despite the destruction of its castle and kirk, the village of Hume has persevered, maintaining an important sense of place and memory in the landscape.
Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Visual Impairment in Working-Age Individuals, 1990-2019
Authors: Chen Jianqi , Yang Chunyan , Zheng Weixin , Li Zhidong , Huang Yanyi , Yao Shuyu , Chen Xuhao , Chen Xiaohong , Xie Rui , Luo Ruiyu , Zhang Yuan , Ye Guitong , Shen Xinyue , Xiao Yue , Zhu Yingting , Huang Wenmin 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceVisual impairment in working-age individuals can affect their general health and employment prospects, leading to decreased social and economic productivity and increased poverty rates. Nonetheless, investigations in this population appear to be limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the trends of visual impairment prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in working-age individuals from 1990 to 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, population-based study used data for individuals of working age (15-64 years) from 204 countries and territories obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. The data analysis was performed between May 1 and 10, 2023.ExposureVisual impairment, defined as visual acuity of less than 6/18 (20/60) or near visual acuity of less than 6/12 (20/40) distance equivalent as determined by Snellen chart.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTrends of visual impairment prevalence, DALYs, and corresponding estimated annual percent changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2019 were stratified according to region, nation, and sociodemographic index (SDI).ResultsThere were 437 539 484 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 325 463 851-575 573 588) prevalent cases of visual impairment globally (53.12% female and 46.88% male) in 2019, representing an increase of 91.46% from 1990 (prevalent cases, 228 530 964; 95% UI, 172 515 833-297 118 596). Over 3 decades, visual impairment-associated DALYs increased from 7 601 852 (95% UI, 5 047 030-11 107 897) to 12 563 276 (95% UI, 8 278 866-18 961 723). Among the 5 SDI groups, the low-SDI group had the largest increase in DALYs (898 167 [95% UI, 597 161-1 301 931] in 1990 to 1 634 122 [95% UI, 1 079 102-2 444 381] in 2019). Regionally, the greatest increase in prevalence was observed in Eastern Europe (EAPC, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.19). Among all countries and territories, Nepal had the highest national prevalence of visual impairment per 100 000 population in 2019 (26 008.45; 95% UI, 19 987.35-32 482.09), while South Sudan had the highest DALY rate per 100 000 population (480.59; 95% UI, 316.06-697.06).Conclusions and RelevanceDespite the mild decrease in visual impairment prevalence rates in less-developed countries, these findings suggest that the number of prevalent cases globally has increased substantially, with discernible unfavorable patterns in developed regions. The findings support the notion that visual impairment in working-age individuals is a growing global health challenge. A better understanding of its epidemiology may facilitate the development of appropriate measures for prevention and treatment from both medical and social perspectives.
A Review of Advanced Abdominal Wall Hernia Patch Materials
Authors: Liang Kaiwen , Ding Cuicui , Li Jingyi , Yao Xiao , Yu Jingjing , Wu Hui , Chen Lihui , Zhang Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTension‐free abdominal wall hernia patch materials (AWHPMs) play an important role in the repair of abdominal wall defects (AWDs), which have a recurrence rate of <1%. Nevertheless, there are still significant challenges in the development of tailored, biomimetic, and extracellular matrix (ECM)‐like AWHPMs that satisfy the clinical demands of abdominal wall repair (AWR) while effectively handling post‐operative complications associated with abdominal hernias, such as intra‐abdominal visceral adhesion and abnormal healing. This extensive review presents a comprehensive guide to the high‐end fabrication and the precise selection of these advanced AWHPMs. The review begins by briefly introducing the structures, sources, and properties of AWHPMs, and critically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of different types of AWHPMs for AWR applications. The review subsequently summarizes and elaborates upon state‐of‐the‐art AWHPM fabrication methods and their key characteristics (e.g., mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties in vitro/vivo). This review uses compelling examples to demonstrate that advanced AWHPMs with multiple functionalities (e.g., anti‐deformation, anti‐inflammation, anti‐adhesion, pro‐healing properties, etc.) can meet the fundamental clinical demands required to successfully repair AWDs. In particular, there have been several developments in the enhancement of biomimetic AWHPMs with multiple properties, and additional breakthroughs are expected in the near future.
Ultraviolet light irradiated high‐efficiency crosslinking and insulating properties of LLDPE/EPDM blends
Authors: Shao Manzhi , Li Chunyang , Zhao Hong , Zhu Shuiliang , Yue Zhenguo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUltraviolet light (UV) irradiation crosslinked linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites with different blending ratios were prepared using benzophenone (BP) as photoinitiator and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) as crosslinking agent. The irradiation time was determined, the effects of rubber‐plastic ratio on the crystallization behaviors, mechanical properties, crosslinking properties and electrical properties of LLDPE/EPDM composites were investigated. The results show that with the increase of EPDM content, the crystalline structure of LLDPE/EPDM composite become looser and the crystallinity decreased. The blending of EPDM and LLDPE results in two different aggregation states of the same crystalline form. With the increase of LLDPE content, the crosslinking efficiency, tensile strength, and energy storage modulus show a significant upward trend. When two polymers simultaneously exist in the material, if the difference between the contents of two polymers is large, the breakdown strength of the composite is relatively lower. The relaxation polarization of LLDPE/EPDM at low frequencies increases with the content of EPDM, thus leading to the increase of loss factor at low frequencies. A novel UV crosslinked modified EPDM insulating material with high production efficiency and improved insulation performances has been developed for use as an insulating layer for flexible power cables.
Thermodynamic and Catalytic Insights into Non‐Reductive Transformation of CO2 with Amines into Organic Urea Derivatives
Authors: Yabushita Mizuho , Fujii Ryotaro , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) utilization as a carbonyl source is an attractive and promising approach to yielding value‐added organic urea derivatives, which are currently produced with toxic reagents such as phosgene and carbon monoxide, along with the contribution to mitigating global warming. However, the direct intermolecular reaction between CO2 and amines into organic urea derivatives has thermodynamic limitations, and such obstacles need to be considered well in order to establish efficient reaction systems. Herein, this review describes the thermodynamic aspects for producing several organic urea compounds, viz., N,N’‐dibutylurea, N,N’‐di(tert‐butyl)urea, 2‐imidazolidinone (ethylene urea), N,N’‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone, tetrahydro‐2‐pyrimidinone (propylene urea), and N,N’‐diphenylurea, based on the results of computational calculations. Besides, a variety of the state‐of‐the‐art reaction systems with/without catalyst for synthesizing such organic urea compounds operated under pressurized CO2 have been summarized and discussed to make not only advantages but also disadvantages clear. We have also overviewed the very recently reported approaches that employ alkylcarbamic acids as substrates and instead does not require external CO2. The thermodynamic and catalytic insights garnered here could be a fruitful guideline for fairly assessing each reaction system and further improving the efficiency of CO2 utilization as a carbonyl source.
Activation of LC3 binders by C‐S‐H nucleation seeding with a new tailored admixture for low‐carbon cements
Authors: Cuesta Ana , Morales‐Cantero Alejandro , De la Torre Angeles G. , Santacruz Isabel , Mazanec Oliver , Dalla‐Libera Alessandro , Dhers Sebastien , Schwesig Peter , Borralleras Pere , Aranda Miguel A.G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of supplementary cementitious materials is currently the most favorable strategy for reducing CO2 emissions in cements. Limestone Calcined Clay Cements, LC3, are a type of cement that allows the reduction of CO2 emissions up to 40%. The proportions of the mixtures can vary, but the most investigated combination, LC3‐50, contains about 50 wt% clinker, 30 wt% calcined kaolinitic clay, 15 wt% limestone and an optimised calcium sulphate content. However, the mechanical strengths of LC3 at early ages are not good enough and they should be improved. One way of doing this is by employing commercial strength‐enhancing (accelerator) admixtures based on C‐S‐H nucleation seeding. For this work, LC3‐50 cements were prepared with clays with varying kaolinite contents. Mortars and pastes were fabricated using a new PCE‐based superplasticizer developed to avoid the loss of fluidity at early ages typical of LC3 binders. The selected accelerator for this study was Master X‐Seed STE53. The results show that the loss of fluidity of LC3 mortars during the first hours could be solved by a recently developed PCE‐based superplasticizer. The compressive strengths at 1 day for LC3 mortars strikingly improved by using the C‐S‐H seeding admixture and this behavior was maintained for up to 28 days.
Boosting Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Alkyl‐Locked Axial Chirality Scaffold by Restriction of Molecular Motions
Authors: Huang Wenbin , Zhu Yuxin , Zhou Kang , Chen Letian , Zhao Zujin , Zhao Engui , He Zikai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBoosting the circularly polarized luminescence of small organic molecules has been a stubborn challenge because of weak structure rigidity and dynamic molecular motions. To investigate and eliminate these factors, here, we carried out the structure‐property relationship studies on a newly‐developed axial chiral scaffold of bidibenzo[b,d]furan. The molecular rigidity was finely tuned by gradually reducing the alkyl‐chain length. The environmental factors were considered in solution, crystal, and polymer matrix at different temperatures. As a result, a significant amplification of the dissymmetry factor glum from 10−4 to 10−1 was achieved, corresponding to the situation from (R)‐4C in solution to (R)‐1C in polymer film at room temperature. A synergistic strategy of increasing the intramolecular rigidity and enhancing the intermolecular interaction to restrict the molecular motions was thus proposed to improve circularly polarized luminescence. The though‐out demonstrated relationship will be of great importance for the development of high‐performance small organic chiroptical systems in the future.
A Powerful P−N Connection: Preparative Approaches, Reactivity, and Applications of P‐Stereogenic Aminophosphines
Authors: Huber Tanja , Bauer Jonathan O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor more than five decades, P‐stereogenic aminophosphine chalcogenides and boranes have attracted scientific attention and are still in the focus of ongoing research. In the last years, novel transition metal‐based synthesis methods have been discovered, in addition to the long‐known use of chiral auxiliaries. Enantiomerically pure compounds with N−P+−X− (X=O, S, BH3) motifs served as valuable reactive building blocks to provide new classes of organophosphorus derivatives, thereby preserving the stereochemical information at the phosphorus atom. Over the years, intriguing applications in organocatalysis and transition metal catalysis have been reported for some representatives. Asymmetric reductions of C=C, C=N, and C=O double bonds were feasible with selected P‐stereogenic aminophosphine oxides in the presence of hydrogen transfer reagents. P‐stereogenic aminophosphine boranes could be easily deprotected and used as ligands for various transition metals to enable catalytic asymmetric hydrogenations of olefins and imines. This review traces the emergence of a synthetically and catalytically powerful functional compound class with phosphorus‐centered chirality in its main lines, starting from classical approaches to modern synthesis methods to current applications.