bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race and Ethnicity and Primary Language in Emergency Department Triage
Authors: Joseph Joshua W. , Kennedy Maura , Landry Alden M. , Marsh Regan H. , Baymon Da’Marcus E. , Im Dana E. , Chen Paul C. , Samuels-Kalow Margaret E. , Nentwich Lauren M. , Elhadad Noémie , Sánchez León D. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceEmergency department (ED) triage substantially affects how long patients wait for care but triage scoring relies on few objective criteria. Prior studies suggest that Black and Hispanic patients receive unequal triage scores, paralleled by disparities in the depth of physician evaluations.ObjectivesTo examine whether racial disparities in triage scores and physician evaluations are present across a multicenter network of academic and community hospitals and evaluate whether patients who do not speak English face similar disparities.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional, multicenter study examining adults presenting between February 28, 2019, and January 1, 2023, across the Mass General Brigham Integrated Health Care System, encompassing 7 EDs: 2 urban academic hospitals and 5 community hospitals. Analysis included all patients presenting with 1 of 5 common chief symptoms.ExposuresEmergency department nurse-led triage and physician evaluation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAverage Triage Emergency Severity Index [ESI] score and average visit work relative value units [wRVUs] were compared across symptoms and between individual minority racial and ethnic groups and White patients.ResultsThere were 249 829 visits (149 861 female [60%], American Indian or Alaska Native 0.2%, Asian 3.3%, Black 11.8%, Hispanic 18.8%, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander &amp;lt;0.1%, White 60.8%, and patients identifying as Other race or ethnicity 5.1%). Median age was 48 (IQR, 29-66) years. White patients had more acute ESI scores than Hispanic or Other patients across all symptoms (eg, chest pain: Hispanic, 2.68 [95% CI, 2.67-2.69]; White, 2.55 [95% CI, 2.55-2.56]; Other, 2.66 [95% CI, 2.64-2.68]; P &amp;lt; .001) and Black patients across most symptoms (nausea/vomiting: Black, 2.97 [95% CI, 2.96-2.99]; White: 2.90 [95% CI, 2.89-2.91]; P &amp;lt; .001). These differences were reversed for wRVUs (chest pain: Black, 4.32 [95% CI, 4.25-4.39]; Hispanic, 4.13 [95% CI, 4.08-4.18]; White 3.55 [95% CI, 3.52-3.58]; Other 3.96 [95% CI, 3.84-4.08]; P &amp;lt; .001). Similar patterns were seen for patients whose primary language was not English.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, patients who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Other race and ethnicity were assigned less acute ESI scores than their White peers despite having received more involved physician workups, suggesting some degree of mistriage. Clinical decision support systems might reduce these disparities but would require careful calibration to avoid replicating bias.
Circulating Tumor HPV DNA for Surveillance of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lang Kuhs Krystle A. , Brenner J. Chad , Holsinger F. Chris , Rettig Eleni M. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceHuman papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has an overall favorable prognosis, yet a subset of patients will experience devastating disease recurrence. Current surveillance standards for detection of recurrent disease are imperfect. There is growing interest in improving detection of recurrent disease through the use of plasma-based assays able to detect circulating tumor HPV DNA.ObservationsAlthough most circulating tumor HPV DNA assays remain in the research domain, the circulating tumor tissue–modified viral HPV DNA assay became commercially available in the United States in early 2020 and has been increasingly used in the clinical setting. With the rapidly increasing incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and concomitant expansion of biomarker capabilities for this disease, it is critical to reexamine current posttreatment surveillance practices and to determine whether emerging technologies may be used to improve outcomes for a growing survivor population. However, caution is advised; it is not yet known whether biomarker-based surveillance is truly beneficial, and as is true with any intervention, it has the capacity to cause harm.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing Margaret Pepe’s classic 5 phases of biomarker development for early detection of cancer as a framework, this article reviews the current state of knowledge, highlights existing knowledge gaps, and suggests research that should be prioritized to understand the association between biomarker-based surveillance and patient outcomes. Specific attention is paid to the commercially available tumor tissue–modified viral HPV DNA assay, given its increasing clinical use. This review may serve as a road map for future research and a guide for clinicians considering its adoption in practice. Enrollment of patients into clinical trials incorporating biomarker-based surveillance should be prioritized.
Study on a simplified model of a high‐rise shear‐type building for evaluation of Q–Δ resonance
Authors: Anamizu Ryosuke , Kohiyama Masayuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo evaluate Q–Δ resonance, which is a torsional resonance phenomenon caused by geometric nonlinearity, a simplified model for a multistory non‐eccentric building with a shear‐type structure was proposed. A four‐story small‐scale specimen was designed and fabricated, assuming a non‐eccentric steel structure with a height of 324 m, and conducted shaking table tests of the specimen. Q–Δ resonance was confirmed as predicted by the simplified model. In addition, the simplified model reproduced the resonance amplitude calculated using a finite element model of the specimen with constrained out‐of‐plane slab rotation. The simplified model can be used to predict the Q–Δ resonance response when the bending deformation of an entire building is very small.
Energy forecasting with robust, flexible, and explainable machine learning algorithms
Authors: Zhu Zhaoyang , Chen Weiqi , Xia Rui , Zhou Tian , Niu Peisong , Peng Bingqing , Wang Wenwei , Liu Hengbo , Ma Ziqing , Gu Xinyue , Wang Jin , Chen Qiming , Yang Linxiao , Wen Qingsong , Sun Liang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnergy forecasting is crucial in scheduling and planning future electric load, so as to improve the reliability and safeness of the power grid. Despite recent developments of forecasting algorithms in the machine learning community, there is a lack of general and advanced algorithms specifically considering requirements from the power industry perspective. In this paper, we present eForecaster, a unified AI platform including robust, flexible, and explainable machine learning algorithms for diversified energy forecasting applications. Since October 2021, multiple commercial bus load, system load, and renewable energy forecasting systems built upon eForecaster have been deployed in seven provinces of China. The deployed systems consistently reduce the average Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by 39.8% to 77.0%, with reduced manual work and explainable guidance. In particular, eForecaster also integrates multiple interpretation methods to uncover the working mechanism of the predictive models, which significantly improves forecasts adoption and user satisfaction.
Heavy macrophage infiltration identified by optical coherence tomography relates to plaque rupture
Authors: Shi Xuan , Tao Tao , Wang Yi , Han Yunfei , Xu Xiaohui , Yin Qin , Wang Fang , Liu Rui , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveRisk stratification plays a critical role in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. Heavy macrophage infiltration (HMC) is an important factor of plaque destabilization. However, in vivo imaging technologies and screening criteria for HMC remain limited. We aimed to (i) introduce algorithms for in vivo detection of macrophage infiltrations using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and (ii) to investigate the threshold of HMC and its association with plaque vulnerability.MethodsEx vivo OCT images were co‐registered with histopathology in 282 cross‐sectional pairs from 19 carotid endarterectomy specimens. Of these, 197 randomly selected pairs were employed to define the parameters, and the remaining 85 pairs were used to evaluate the accuracy of the OCT‐based algorithm in detecting macrophage infiltrations. Clinical analysis included 93 patients receiving carotid OCT evaluation. The prevalence and burden of macrophage infiltration were analyzed. Multivariable and subgroup analysis were performed to investigate the association between HMC and plaque rupture.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of algorithm for detecting macrophage infiltration were 88.0% and 74.9%, respectively. Of 93 clinical patients, ruptured plaques exhibited higher prevalence of macrophage infiltration than nonruptured plaques (83.7% [36/43] vs 32.0% [16/50], p < 0.001). HMC was identified when the macrophage index was greater than 60.2 (sensitivity = 74.4%, specificity = 84.0%). Multivariable analysis showed that HMC and multiple calcification were independent risk factors for non‐lipid‐rich plaque rupture.InterpretationThis study provides a novel approach and screening criteria for HMC, which might be valuable for atherosclerotic risk stratification.
The effect of retrieval practice on fluently retrieving multiplication facts in an authentic elementary school setting
Authors: Ophuis‐Cox Fieke H. A. , Catrysse Leen , Camp Gino 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFluently retrieving simple multiplication facts leads to an improvement of overall math scores. In the current study, we investigated how to best reach this fluency in an authentic elementary school setting. We compared the short‐term and long‐term effects of the learning strategies retrieval practice (using flashcards) to a restudy control condition (chanting multiplication facts out loud) on multiplication fact fluency. Forty‐eight second‐grade pupils received an instruction lesson and attended three spaced practice sessions per learning strategy. The learning strategies were counterbalanced across two different sets of multiplication tables in a within‐subjects design. A pre‐test, a five‐minute delay post‐test, and a one‐week delay post‐test were administered. Compared to restudy, retrieval practice led to a stronger short‐term and long‐term increase in the fluency of retrieving multiplication facts. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of retrieval practice on gaining multiplication fact fluency in an authentic classroom setting using original course materials.
Colorful Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescent Afterglow with Excitation Wavelength Dependence Based on Boric Acid Matrix
Authors: Li Zhizheng , Cao Shuai , Zheng Yangyang , Song Leqian , Zhang Huacheng , Zhao Yanli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRoom temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have triggered wide interests because of their excellent performance and various promising applications. However, conventional RTP materials possessing color‐tunable and ultralong afterglow often suffer from low phosphorescent emission efficiency. Herein, a long lifetime and high‐efficiency RTP emission system composed of boric acid as the host matrix and organic phosphors as guest molecules is constructed by suppressing the non‐radiative transition process and promoting the triplet exciton of the phosphors. The synergistic effect of the physically limited domain and supramolecular anchoring also contributes to the ultralong lifetime (up to 1.85 s) and high phosphorescence quantum yield (up to 53%). The afterglow can be visually observed for 30 s. With a large overlap of π‐conjugated chromophores, the emission peak of RTP redshifted, realizing cyan, green, and red afterglow in the monochromatic domain. In addition, the emission of colorful afterglow and white afterglow is adjustable with the different co‐doping ratios. Finally, the application of RTP materials to anti‐counterfeiting encryption is demonstrated.
From Droplets to Devices: Recent Advances in Liquid Metal Droplet Enabled Electronics
Authors: Babatain Wedyan , Kim Min Sung , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLiquid metals, particularly non‐toxic gallium‐based alloys, have emerged as promising materials for future soft electronics due to their unique properties, including fluidity, excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, and surface reactivity. They demonstrate adaptability, responsivity, and self‐healing abilities, offering a platform for innovative electronic devices. Embodied in a droplet form factor, gallium‐based liquid metal droplets (LMDs) combine the traits of liquid metals with the advantages of miniaturized structures, including high surface tension, high surface area, high mobility, and surface functionalization. This review discusses the inherent properties of LMDs, which have driven substantial research interest across various fields, such as sensors, robotics, electronic circuits, energy harvesters, drug delivery, and microfluidics systems, among others. Effective fabrication and processing techniques are detailed for LMDs, illustrating their role in applications previously challenging with conventional materials, such as reconfigurable, self‐healing, and transient electronics. Existing challenges and future directions in this growing field are discussed. This extensive review seeks to further the understanding of LMDs and their potential, offering a roadmap for their journey from a niche interest to a key material in various electronic devices.
Non‐Carbon‐Dominated Catalyst Architecture Enables Double‐High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xiao Ru , Yu Tong , Yang Shan , Zhang Xiaoyin , Hu Tianzhao , Xu Ruogu , Qu Zhuoyan , Hu Guangjian , Sun Zhenhua , Li Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe commonly used “catalyst on carbon” architecture as a sulfur host is difficult to jointly achieve high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries due to the contradiction between low tap density/poor catalytic activity of carbon and the easy agglomeration of metal‐based compounds without carbon. Here, a non‐carbon‐dominated catalytic architecture using macroporous nickel/cobalt phosphide (NiCoP) is reported as the sulfur host for Li–S batteries. The macroporous framework, which accommodates a large amount of sulfur, can accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics by accelerated e− transport, Li+ diffusion, and superior adsorption and catalytic activity of inherent Ni2P/CoP heterostructures. The high tap density (0.45 g cm−3) and mechanically hard features contribute to the excellent structural and physicochemical stability of the NiCoP@S electrode after the pressing and rolling process. These features enable the Li–S coin cell to exhibit excellent electrochemical performance under conditions of high sulfur loading (10.2 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte (electrolyte/sulfur of 2 µL mg−1). Inspiringly, the assembled pouch cell can simultaneously deliver a gravimetric energy density of 345.2 Wh kg−1 and an impressive volumetric energy density of 952.7 Wh L−1 based on the entire device configuration.
Heterogeneous Interface Engineering of Bi‐Metal MOFs‐derived ZnFe2O4–ZnO‐Fe@C Microspheres via Confined Growth Strategy Toward Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Huang Mengqiu , Wang Lei , Pei Ke , Li Bangxin , You Wenbin , Yang Liting , Zhou Gang , Zhang Jincang , Liang Chongyun , Che Renchao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous interface regulation plays an important role in tailoring the intrinsic electromagnetic (EM) properties for obtaining excellent EM wave absorption, which still faces huge challenge. In this work, bi‐metal MOFs‐derived ZnFe2O4–ZnO‐Fe@C (ZZFC) microspheres with custom‐built heterogeneous interfaces are successfully fabricated via a confined growth strategy. Bi‐metal Fe–Zn–ZIF with tailored coordination structure and chemical bonding are first selected as the precursor template. After undergoing the annealing process, the metal Fe2+ host is converted into magnetic Fe nanoparticles (NPs). The Zn2+ host is transformed into semiconductor zinc oxide (ZnO) with increasing (101) crystal‐oriented growth. At the same time, metal hosts Fe2+ and Zn2+ are further reacted to synthesize the zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4). Formed Fe nanoparticles catalyze organic ligands to constitute graphitized carbon layers, which confine the further growth of ZnFe2O4, ZnO, and Fe NPs. Combined with the well impendence and synergy absorption mechanism (magnetic loss, interface polarization, and conduction loss), optimized magnetic–dielectric ZnFe2O4–ZnO‐Fe@C microspheres exhibit outstanding EM wave absorption with the minimum reflection loss −66.5 dB at only 2.0 mm thickness. Bi‐metal MOF‐derived magnetic–dielectric absorption materials with tailored heterogeneous interfaces provide a new sight to design an efficient EM wave absorption system.
Structural Composite Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible and Durable Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Shin Kang Ho , Ji Donghwan , Park Jae Min , Joe Yun Sang , Park Ho Seok , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogel electrolytes consisting of salt ions, water solvents, and 3D polymer networks play the roles of an electrolyte and a separating membrane. These are receiving attention as a substitute for the currently used liquid electrolyte/separator materials in aqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs). In this study, a structural composite hydrogel electrolyte is designed by incorporating layered alumina microplatelets within a polymer matrix to achieve high mechanical strength, stiffness, hardness, thermal conductivity, and a large dielectric constant. The hydrogel electrolyte simultaneously achieves mechanical robustness and fast Zn ion transfer, enabling uniform Zn deposition without notable dendrite growth and propagation. Moreover, the rapid heat‐dissipating ability of the electrolyte demonstrates the potential for effective thermal management of AZMB cells. Consequently, Zn||Zn symmetric cells composed of the as‐designed electrolyte exhibit stable Zn plating/stripping behavior at various temperatures. Zn||poly(3,4‐ ethylenedioxythiophene)‐vanadium pentoxide (PVO) full cells have large energy densities of 356.9 W h kg−1 at 25 °C and 216.6 W h kg−1 at −20 °C and long‐term stability over 1,000 cycles. Further, pouch‐type Zn||PVO full cells with large energy densities operate stably while bent, folded, rolled, cut in half, or immersed in boiling and freezing water.
Drug‐Eluting Shear‐Thinning Hydrogel for the Delivery of Chemo‐ and Immunotherapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Falcone Natashya , Ermis Menekse , Gangrade Ankit , Choroomi Auveen , Young Patric , Mathes Tess G. , Monirizad Mahsa , Zehtabi Fatemeh , Mecwan Marvin , Rodriguez Marco , Zhu Yangzhi , Byun Youngjoo , Khademhosseini Ali , de Barros Natan Roberto , Kim Han‐Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant and deadly form of liver cancer with limited treatment options. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, a procedure that delivers embolic and chemotherapeutic agents through blood vessels, is a promising cancer treatment strategy. However, it still faces limitations, such as inefficient agent delivery and the inability to address tumor‐induced immunosuppression. Here, a drug‐eluting shear‐thinning hydrogel (DESTH) loaded with chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents in nanocomposite hydrogels composed of gelatin and nanoclays is presented as a therapeutic strategy for a catheter‐based endovascular anticancer approach. DESTH is manually deliverable using a conventional needle and catheter. In addition, drug release studies show a sustained and pH‐dependent co‐delivery of the chemotherapy doxorubicin (acidic pH) and the immune‐checkpoint inhibitor aPD‐1 (neutral pH). In a mouse liver tumor model, the DESTH‐based chemo/immunotherapy combination has the highest survival rate and smallest residual tumor size. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis confirms that DESTH application enhances cell death and increases intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T‐cells. In conclusion, the results show that DESTH, which enables efficient ischemic tumor cell death and effective co‐delivery of chemo‐ and immunotherapeutic agents, may have the potential to be an effective therapeutic modality in the treatment of HCC.
Stable Solid‐State Zinc–Iodine Batteries Enabled by an Inorganic ZnPS3 Solid Electrolyte with Interconnected Zn2+ Migration Channels
Authors: Lv Zeheng , Kang Yuanhong , Chen Guanhong , Yang Jin , Chen Minghui , Lin Pengxiang , Wu Qilong , Zhang Minghao , Zhao Jinbao , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc–iodine (Zn–I2) batteries, with their outstanding merits in safety, cost, and environmental friendliness, have received extensive attention. However, the unstable electrochemistry at the electrode–electrolyte interface originating from free water results in zinc dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and polyiodide ions shuttle, hindering their practical applications. Herein, solid‐state Zn–I2 batteries based on an inorganic ZnPS3 (ZPS) electrolyte are developed to overcome inherent interfacial issues associated with aqueous electrolytes. The inorganic ZnPS3 electrolyte, with a low Zn2+ diffusion energy barrier of ≈0.3 eV, demonstrates an exceptional ion conductivity of 2.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 (30 °C), which also satisfies high chemical/electrochemical stability and mechanical strength. The solid Zn2+ conduction mechanism, facilitated by bounded water only on grains, effectively suppresses HER and polyiodide ions shuttling. During cycling, a ZnS functional layer is spontaneously formed on the anode/electrolyte interphase, promoting dendrite‐free Zn deposition behavior with a more stable (002) crystal orientation. Consequently, the solid‐state configuration of Zn–I2 battery enables an impressive reversible capacity of 154.2 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. Importantly, the compatibility of the solid‐state ZnPS3 electrolyte is also confirmed in the Zn||CuS cell, indicating its potential as a versatile platform for developing inorganic solid‐state zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs).
Synthesis of Ultra‐Incompressible and Recoverable Carbon Nitrides Featuring CN4 Tetrahedra
Authors: Laniel Dominique , Trybel Florian , Aslandukov Andrey , Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Fedotenko Timofey , Yin Yuqing , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Tasnádi Ferenc , Ponomareva Alena V. , Jena Nityasagar , Akbar Fariia Iasmin , Winkler Bjoern , Néri Adrien , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Milman Victor , Schnick Wolfgang , Rudenko Alexander N. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Abrikosov Igor A. , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbon nitrides featuring three‐dimensional frameworks of CN4 tetrahedra are one of the great aspirations of materials science, expected to have a hardness greater than or comparable to diamond. After more than three decades of efforts to synthesize them, no unambiguous evidence of their existence has been delivered. Here, the high‐pressure high‐temperature synthesis of three carbon–nitrogen compounds, tI14‐C3N4, hP126‐C3N4, and tI24‐CN2, in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells, is reported. Their structures are solved and refined using synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Physical properties investigations show that these strongly covalently bonded materials, ultra‐incompressible and superhard, also possess high energy density, piezoelectric, and photoluminescence properties. The novel carbon nitrides are unique among high‐pressure materials, as being produced above 100 GPa they are recoverable in air at ambient conditions.