bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salicylic acid‐derived poly(anhydride‐esters) inhibit bone resorption and formation in vivo
Authors: Harten Robert D. , Svach David J. , Schmeltzer Robert , Uhrich Kathryn E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel polymer that biodegrades into salicylic acid (SA) on the healing of critical sized long bone defects. Microspheres of the homopolymer, or a copolymer containing 50% less of the SA, were packed into 5‐mm mid‐diaphyseal defects in rat femurs. Control animals received collagen sponge implants. After 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, bone healing was evaluated using microradiography and quantitative histomorphometry. Four weeks postsurgery, significantly less new bone was formed in both of the polymer groups (p < 0.038). Reduced bone loss was also noted with the polymers at this time, although it was not statistically significant. However, at 8 weeks postsurgery, a statistically significant reduction in bone loss was observed in both of the polymer groups compared with controls (p < 0.0072). Both polymers seemed to elicit identical tissue responses because there were no differences detected between the homopolymer and copolymer materials at either time point. These results indicate that locally released SA can significantly reduce both bone loss and bone formation in this animal model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 354–362, 2005
Sensory quality and mineral and glycoalkaloid concentrations in organically and conventionally grown redskin potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Wszelaki Annette L , Delwiche Jeannine F , Walker Sonia D , Liggett Rachel E , Scheerens Joseph C , Kleinhenz Matthew D 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTriangle tests were used to determine if panellists could distinguish (by tasting) cooked wedges of potatoes grown organically, either with (+) or without (−) compost, and conventionally. Mineral and glycoalkaloid analyses of tuber skin and flesh were also completed. When the skin remained on the potatoes, panellists detected differences between conventional potatoes and organic potatoes, regardless of soil treatment. However, they did not distinguish between organic treatments (± compost) when samples contained skin, or between any treatments if wedges were peeled prior to preparation and presentation. Glycoalkaloid levels tended to be higher in organic potatoes. In tuber skin and flesh, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur and copper concentrations were also significantly higher in the organic treatments, while iron and manganese concentrations were higher in the skin of conventionally grown potatoes. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
On first order congruences of lines in ℙ4 with irreducible fundamental surface
Authors: De Poi Pietro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this article we study congruences of lines in ℙn, and in particular of order one. After giving general results, we obtain a complete classification in the case of ℙ4 in which the fundamental surface F is in fact a variety, i.e. it is integral, and the congruence is the irreducible set of the trisecant lines of F. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A relative index on the space of 3‐dimensional embeddable CR‐structures of finite type
Authors: Greiner Peter , Staubach Wolfgang , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFor a small deformation Φ of a 3‐dimensional pseudoconvex embeddable CR‐structure of finite type, we prove that Φ defines an embeddable CR‐structure if and only if the Szegö projection from ker $ ^{\rm \Phi} {\bar \partial} _{b} $ to ker $ {\bar \partial} _{b} $ is a Fredholm operator. This defines a relative index which is in this case equal to the negative of number of small eigenvalues of the operator $ ^{\rm \Phi} \bar \partial _{b}^{*} \, ^{\rm \Phi} \bar \partial _{b}^{} $. We also prove a cocycle formula for the relative index. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized Bessel potentials on Lipschitz type spaces
Authors: Iaffei Bibiana 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe introduce generalizations of Bessel potentials by considering operators of the form φ[(I – Δ)–½] where the functions φ extend the classical power case. The kernel of such an operator is subordinate to a growth function η. We explore conditions on η in such a way that these operators become isomorphisms between generalized Lipschitz spaces. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An inversion formula for the dual horocyclic Radon transform on the hyperbolic plane
Authors: Katsevich Alexander 
Published: January 2005

AbstractConsider the Poincare unit disk model for the hyperbolic plane H2. Let Ξ be the set of all horocycles in H2 parametrized by (θ, p), where eiθ is the point where a horocycle ξ is tangent to the boundary |z| = 1, and p is the hyperbolic distance from ξ to the origin. In this paper we invert the dual Radon transform R* : μ(θ, p) → $ \check \mu $(z) under the assumption of exponential decay of μ and some of its derivatives. The additional assumption is that Pm(d/dp)(μm(p)ep) be even for all m ∈ ℤ. Here Pm(d/dp) is a family of differential operators introduced by Helgason, and μm(p) are the coefficients of the Fourier series expansion of μ(θ, p). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1H and 13C assignments of three new drimenes from Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Authors: Rios María Yolanda , Berber Laura Álvarez 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe structure elucidation and 1H and 13C assignments of iresin (1) and three new drimenes, 3β,14‐dihydroxy‐Δ7, 8‐drimen‐11,12‐acetonide (2), 3β,7β,14‐trihidroxy‐Δ8, 9‐drimen‐11,12‐olide (3) and 3β,7α,14‐trihydroxy‐Δ8, 9‐drimen‐11,12‐olide (4), isolated from the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. are reported. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Venous refocusing for volume estimation: VERVE functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Stefanovic Bojana , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging‐based method for measuring changes in venous cerebral blood volume (CBVv) is presented. Venous refocusing for volume estimation (VERVE) exploits the dependency of the spin–spin relaxation rate of deoxygenated blood on the refocusing interval. Interleaved CPMG EPI acquisitions following a train of either tightly or sparsely spaced hard refocusing pulses (every 3.7 or 30 msec, respectively) at matched echo time were used to isolate the blood signal while minimizing the intravascular blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal contribution. The technique was employed to determine the steady‐state increase in the CBVv in the visual cortex (VC) in seven healthy adult volunteers during flickering checkerboard photic stimulation. A functional activation model and a set of previously collected in vitro human whole blood relaxometry data were used to evaluate the intravascular BOLD effect on the VERVE signal. The average VC venous blood volume change was estimated to be 16 ± 2%. This method has the potential to provide efficient and continuous monitoring of venous cerebral blood volume, thereby enabling further exploration of the mechanism underlying BOLD signal changes upon physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic perturbations. Magn Reson Med 53:339–347, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and correction of frequency instabilities for volumetric 1H echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Ebel Andreas , Maudsley Andrew A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSpectral quality in 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) critically depends on the stability of the main magnetic field. For echo‐planar MRSI implemented at 3 T, temperature variation in the passive steel shims of the magnet system can lead to a significant drift in the resonance frequency. A method is presented that incorporates interleaved measurement of the instantaneous resonance frequency of a reference water signal into a volumetric MRSI sequence and allows correction for the drift during postprocessing. Results from normal human brain at 3 T indicate that the correction largely removes lineshape distortions, recovers metabolite signal loss, and improves spectral quality by reducing the width of spectral lines; however, particularly in inferior regions, other sources of distortion may be present that cause broadening of spectral lines. Magn Reson Med 53:465–469, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On labeling the vertices of products of complete graphs with distance constraints
Authors: Erwin D.J. , Georges J.P. , Mauro D.W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVariations of Hale's channel assignment problem, the L(j, k)‐labeling problem and the radio labeling problem require the assignment of integers to the vertices of a graph G subject to various distance constraints. The λj,k‐number of G and the radio number of G are respectively the minimum span among all L(j, k)‐labelings, and the minimum span plus 1 of all radio labelings of G (defined in the Introduction). In this paper, we establish the λj,k‐number of ∏ K for pairwise relatively prime integers t1 < t2 < … < tq, t1 ≥ 2. We also show the existence of an infinite class of graphs G with radio number |V(G)| for any diameter d(G). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005
Stability and error analysis for a spectral Galerkin method for the Navier‐Stokes equations with H2 or H1 initial data
Authors: He Yinnian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this article we consider a spectral Galerkin method with a semi‐implicit Euler scheme for the two‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes equations with H2 or H1 initial data. The H2‐stability analysis of this spectral Galerkin method shows that for the smooth initial data the semi‐implicit Euler scheme admits a large time step. The L2‐error analysis of the spectral Galerkin method shows that for the smoother initial data the numerical solution u exhibits faster convergence on the time interval [0, 1] and retains the same convergence rate on the time interval [1, ∞). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005.
Downregulation of internal enhancer activity contributes to abnormally low immunoglobulin expression in the MedB‐1 mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma cell line
Authors: Ritz Olga , Leithäuser Frank , Hasel Cornelia , Brüderlein Silke , Ushmorov Alexey , Möller Peter , Wirth Thomas 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPrimary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a highly aggressive tumour with a unique pattern of clinical, morphological, immunological and genetic features distinct from other diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas. PMBLs are characterized by a mature B‐cell phenotype, but they typically lack immunoglobulin (Ig) gene expression. The PMBL cell line MedB‐1 shares many characteristic properties of the primary tumour, including low‐level Ig production despite a functionally rearranged IgVH gene and absence of ‘crippling’ mutations. In this study, a search was undertaken for reasons for downregulated Ig expression. Similar levels of the B‐cell‐specific transcription factors BOB.1/OBF.1 and PU.1 were found in MedB‐1 cells to those in the Ig‐producing UM‐1 lymphoblastoid cell line. However, MedB‐1 lacked the Oct2 transcription factor. Reporter assays showed that Ig‐type promoters were active in MedB‐1 cells. In contrast, activity of the intronic heavy chain enhancer was dramatically reduced. Ectopic expression of Oct2 was able partially to restore enhancer activity but transcription from the endogenous IgVH gene could not be rescued. Therefore, the role of epigenetic factors in the downregulation of Ig was investigated. Methylated histone 3 lysine 9, a reliable marker of chromatin silencing, was not detected in MedB‐1 promoter and enhancer regions. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and of histone deacetylases also did not reactivate Ig production. These data suggest the existence of alternative mechanisms of Ig inhibition in MedB‐1 cells, different from chromatin silencing and the lack of Oct2. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of Bcl‐2 expression in follicular lymphoma may be caused by mutations in the BCL2 gene or by absence of the t(14;18) translocation
Authors: Schraders Margit , de Jong Daphne , Kluin Philip , Groenen Patricia , van Krieken Han 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFollicular lymphoma (FL), except grade 3B, is characterized by the chromosomal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21), which results in over‐expression of the Bcl‐2 protein. Ten per‐cent of all FLs, however, do not show Bcl‐2 protein expression with standard immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal Bcl‐2 antibody against residues 41–54 of the Bcl‐2 protein. In this study, the biological background of 18 Bcl‐2‐negative FL cases grade I, II, or IIIa was investigated by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis with alternative antibodies. Bcl‐2 protein was demonstrated in five of the 18 cases and all of these carried the t(14;18) translocation. Of the 13 cases that were Bcl‐2 negative with alternative antibodies, 12 lacked the t(14;18) translocation. PCR and subsequent sequence analysis of cDNA demonstrated that three cases with a t(14;18) contained somatic mutations in the translocated BCL2 gene, resulting in amino acid replacements in the region of the epitope recognized by the antibody. In conclusion, the majority of Bcl‐2‐negative FL lack a t(14;18) but a significant subset of these tumours are false negative due to mutations in the BCL2 gene. These findings may have consequences for the use of Bcl‐2 immunohistochemistry for diagnostic purposes. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression analysis of renal carcinoma: adipose differentiation‐related protein as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for clear‐cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Yao Masahiro , Tabuchi Hisahiro , Nagashima Yoji , Baba Masaya , Nakaigawa Noboru , Ishiguro Hitoshi , Hamada Kenji , Inayama Yoshiaki , Kishida Takeshi , Hattori Keiko , Yamada‐Okabe Hisafumi , Kubota Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe gene expression profiles of 33 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and nine normal kidney samples were examined using high‐density oligonucleotide microarrays in an attempt to identify biomolecular markers for the diagnosis of tumour subtypes and also for prediction of prognosis. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that clear‐cell RCC, chromophobe RCC, and normal kidney tissue showed distinctive gene expression profiles. The mean expression levels of 149 of 12 500 genes were more than three times higher in clear‐cell RCC than in chromophobe RCC and normal kidney tissue. Among the genes whose expression was upregulated in clear‐cell RCC, adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADFP) and nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) were selected for further analysis. Consistent with the results of the microarray, increased levels of ADFP and NNMT mRNA were found more frequently in clear‐cell RCCs than in other non‐clear‐cell tumour subtypes using real‐time quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry for ADFP showed strong and unique tumour cell staining patterns in the majority of clear‐cell RCCs. More importantly, patients bearing tumours with higher AFDP mRNA levels showed significantly better survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. ADFP is a lipid storage droplet‐associated protein and its transcription is considered to be regulated by the von Hippel–Lindau/hypoxia‐inducible factor pathway. It is known that clear‐cell RCC contains abundant lipids and cholesterols. Thus it is likely that sustained upregulation of ADFP following VHL inactivation is involved in the morphological appearance of clear‐cell RCC. Moreover ADFP expression status may provide useful prognostic information as a biomolecular marker in patients with clear‐cell RCC. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and validation of prognostic markers in breast cancer with the complementary use of array‐CGH and tissue microarrays
Authors: Callagy Grace , Pharoah Paul , Chin Suet‐Feung , Sangan Trogon , Daigo Yataro , Jackson Lucy , Caldas Carlos 
Published: January 2005

AbstractGene amplification, an important mechanism of oncogene activation in breast cancer, can have both prognostic and therapeutic implications. In this work, an attempt is made to identify amplified genes that can be used to improve prognostication in breast cancer. A series of 52 node‐negative tumours was screened for genomic gains at 57 loci by array‐CGH. A subset of these genes was identified that could divide the series into two divergent outcome groups of either long‐term survivors or early disease‐related deaths (p = 0.01) using a combination of k‐means clustering and statistical analysis. The prognostic significance of amplification of four of the genes (EMS1, TOP2A, CCNE1, and ERBB2) was then evaluated, using fluorescent in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray, in a second larger ‘validation’ series of 232 tumours with a median follow‐up of 4.8 years. Adverse disease‐related outcome was associated with amplification of TOP2A (p = 0.004); ERBB2 (p = 0.002); and with the combined amplification of TOP2A, ERBB2, and EMS1 (p = 0.01). EMS1 amplification was more common (26% of cases) than previously reported but, in isolation, had no prognostic significance. Amplification of CCNE1, seen in only 6% of cases, had no prognostic role. These results indicate that the complementary use of array‐CGH and tissue microarrays has the potential to help in the identification and validation of molecular markers that can be used to classify breast cancers into different prognostic groups. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of Hela‐type caldesmon in tumour neovascularization: a new marker of angiogenic endothelial cells
Authors: Zheng Ping‐Pin , van der Weiden M , Kros Johan M 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCaldesmon (CaD) is a major actomyosin‐binding protein found in various cell types. There are at least two high‐molecular‐weight isoforms (h‐CaD) and four low‐molecular‐weight isoforms (l‐CaD) produced by alternative splicing. The alternatively spliced variants of the l‐CaD class are further differentiated by inclusion (Hela l‐CaD) or exclusion (WI‐38 l‐CaD) of exon 1. Currently, nothing is known about differential expression of the Hela l‐CaD in tumour neovascularization. In a previous study, expression of the Hela‐type transcripts was found in glioma blood vessels but not in the normal cerebral vasculature. To investigate whether the differentially expressed transcripts are translated into protein, a specific antibody against the peptide encoded by exon 1 was raised. Initially, exclusive expression of the protein in glioma vasculature was confirmed. To determine further whether these findings are generalizable to neovascularization in a wide variety of other tumour types, a large cohort of cancers derived from various organs, including breast, lung, kidney, colon, stomach, ovary, uterus, prostate, thyroid, liver, giving a total of 180 cases, were examined. Expression of the Hela l‐CaD was restricted to tumour vasculature and was not found in normal blood vessels. Hela l‐CaD was preferentially expressed in the early stage of tumour neovascularization and the Hela l‐CaD+ endothelial cells (ECs) were frequently enlarged, multinucleated, and developed elongated cell projections or free fragments of cytoplasm, correlating with the features of motile cells. In the Hela l‐CaD+ ECs, disassembly of focal adhesion and the formation of podosome‐like structures was observed. Therefore, the findings support the notion that quiescent ECs undergo activation of motility, necessary for ubiquitous tumour‐associated neovascularization. The data indicate that Hela l‐CaD can be considered as a marker for angiogenic ECs during the early stages of tumour neovascularization. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD10+ stromal cells form B‐lymphocyte maturation niches in the human bone marrow
Authors: Torlakovic Emina , Tenstad Ellen , Funderud Steinar , Rian Edith 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn adult mammals, early B‐lymphopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow in close association with stromal cells. Both the phenotype of the stromal cells and the molecules involved in this essential interaction are as yet inadequately described. In this study, all benign, differentiating B‐cells (Pax‐5+ lymphoid cells) are shown, by using two‐colour immunohistochemistry on biopsies from human bone marrow, to be in close contact with scant dendritic CD10+ stromal cells until they leave via the sinusoids. This CD10+ stromal cell population does not fully overlap with the VCAM‐1+ stromal cell population. Furthermore, using a set of B‐cell differentiation markers (TdT, Pax‐5, and CD20), B‐cell development is shown to be spatially oriented, with maturation progressing towards bone marrow sinusoids. In conclusion, CD10+ stromal cells form distinct B‐lymphocyte maturation niches in the human bone marrow. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic alteration of the E‐cadherin/catenin complex during cell differentiation and invasion of undifferentiated‐type gastric carcinomas
Authors: Nakamura Etsuko , Sugihara Hiroyuki , Bamba Masamichi , Hattori Takanori 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo examine qualitative alterations of the E‐cadherin/catenin complex (CCC) during cell differentiation and invasion of undifferentiated‐type gastric carcinoma, immunoreactivity for the intracytoplasmic domain and the extracellular domain (ECD) of E‐cadherin, and that of β‐catenin, was analysed in the mucosal, submucosal, and deepest invasive parts of 20 early and 20 advanced cancers that had a component of intramucosal signet ring cell carcinoma. Histological subtype affected the mode of E‐CCC alteration. The tumours with a tubular component and without organized differentiation of signet ring cells in a layered structure were associated with nuclear expression of β‐catenin and may derive from tubular adenocarcinomas through de‐differentiation and de‐regulation of the Wnt pathway. These tumours were characterized by relatively stable ECD expression throughout the course of tumour progression. On the other hand, the tumours with a layered structure, which may derive from signet ring cell carcinoma by de novo abnormality of E‐cadherin, were characterized by dynamic alteration of ECD expression during cell differentiation and tumour progression; intramucosal spread (with a layered structure) as well as deep invasion (beyond the submucosa) commonly showed cellular dissociation with downregulation of ECD, whereas submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis often showed cellular cohesion and retention (or ‘reappearance’) of ECD. Thus, cellular dissociation did not always reflect enhanced invasive activity but may be reversibly regulated during tumour progression. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.