bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
14.4L: Late‐News Paper: Colorimetric Characterization of Wide‐Viewing Angle Technologies
Authors: Ho Kenneth C. , Wright S. L. , Cai C. , Lien A. , Anderson J. E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe viewing‐angle dependence of TFTLCD color characteristics have been studied for a number of wide‐viewing angle technologies. Different color characteristics were obtained for each LC mode. For particular viewing directions relative to the LC director the color shifts can be understood as changes in the relative retardation of different ray components.
15.3: Invited Paper: Volume Holographic Components for Display Applications
Authors: Trout T. John , Gambogi William J. , Steijn Kirk W. , Mackara Steven R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractVolume holographic components are being used to enhance the performance of a variety of liquid crystal and projection display systems. Holographic components address the ever‐present need within display systems for more efficient light management. With proper design, holographic components address this need with higher light throughput, reduced thickness and weight, reduced energy consumption, and additional opportunities for unique system functions.This paper describes design parameters and examples of improved devices by introducing the unique features of diffractive holographic components. These features include angular and spectral selectivity, high efficiency, and multiple optical functions designed into single components. Holographic reflectors, front diffusers, and compensations films have been developed and used in direct view liquid crystal displays. Holographic color filters and projection screens have also been developed based on this technology. For these applications the holographic component and system will be discussed. Finally, design considerations will be discussed that relate to the development of new display systems and components.
16.4: Luminance Degradation of Blue Phosphor BaMgAl10O17: Eu for PDP
Authors: Ushirozawa Mizumoto 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLuminance degradation of blue‐emitting phosphor BaMgAl10O17: Eu caused by the PDP making process and VUV irradiation was studied. The degradation by panel making process was investigated with samples prepared by several panel makers. The least degraded sample maintained 83% luminance after the process. The degradation by VUV was compared for the phosphor degraded by the process and initial phosphor. The luminance of the degraded one by process degraded lesser than non‐processed one. Chemical analysis indicated that the degradation was caused by the change in valence of europium in phosphor surface.
17.2: Ferroelectric Lyo‐Mesophase of Banana‐Shaped Molecules Showing Electro‐Optical Switching at Room Temperature
Authors: Jákli A. , Cao W. , Huang Y. , Wang S. , Lee C. K. , Chien L.‐C. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe prepared ferroelectric lyo‐mesophases of banana‐shaped molecules. It was observed that adding only 15% of non‐polar solvent xylene to the banana‐shaped molecules the isotropic‐B7 transition temperature lowered from 130°C to 70°C and the ferroelectric electro‐optical switching range extended from 1–2°C to more than 50°C, thus maintaining the switching even at room temperature. The textures and the switching characteristics are be discussed in detail.
17.3: Control of the Refractive Index and the Birefringence of Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Copolymers
Authors: Nakanishi Sadahiro , Nakano Shusaku , Mochizuki Amane , Miyatake Minoru , Fujimura Yasuo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe refractive index(no) and the birefringence(Δn) of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline copolymers (LCPs) are investigated. Introduction of the second fragment to a cyanobiphenyl derivative unit conducted LCPs to a wide range of optical properties. This technology is expected to be usable on a variety of optical devices.
17.4: Novel Liquid‐Crystal Materials with High Birefringence and Low Rotational‐Viscosity for the Field‐Sequential Color TN‐LCDs
Authors: Nakajima S. , Sugiyama Y. , Ichinose H. , Numata H. , Naemura S. , Manabe A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLiquid crystal (LC) materials with features of coexistence of high birefringence and low rotational‐viscosity were developed, by introducing novel class of tolane substances. Those LC mixtures exhibit voltage‐holding‐ratio high enough for active matrix addressing, and their excellent physical properties improve the TN‐mode display performances significantly. The extremely fast switching characteristics enable TN LC panels to be applicable to field sequential color displays.
18.2: Galvanic Activity in Reflective LCDs
Authors: Melnik George , Janssen Peter , Cnossen Gerard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractReflective LC displays using an internal reflector are inherently asymmetric. This asymmetry affects the electro‐optic behavior of the LC and has been identified as the major cause of flicker. In this paper we report experiments which associate this flicker with electrochemical activity within the LCD itself.
18.3: Implementation of a New Wide Viewing Angle Mode for TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Kwag J. O. , Shin K. C. , Kim J. S. , Kim S. G. , Kim S. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCompare to the conventional twisted nematic (TN) mode TFT‐LCD fabrication process, so far suggested method for the wide viewing angle modes require extra mask‐counts. Patterning of the color filter common electrode to achieve the multi‐domain vertical alignment (VA) mode costs additional process step. In addition, to avoid improper disclinations, strict alignment margin is necessary. Enhanced vertical alignment (EVA) mode has been developed where the multi‐domain cell is formed by the interaction between fringe fields of the pixel electrodes and protrusions on the TFT‐array panel. Compared to the TN‐mode, since the common electrode is not patterned, EVA mode does not require any additional mask‐count. Using the combinations of multi‐layer overlap patterns with gate metal, gate dielectrics, passivation nitride, and source/drain metal, protrusions can be formed during the normal TFT‐array fabrication process. Viewing angle of the EVA mode can even surpass other wide viewing modes.
18.4: Development of a 19‐in.‐diagonal UXGA Super TFT‐LCM Applied with Super‐IPS Technology
Authors: Mishima Y. , Nakayama T. , Suzuki N. , Ohta M. , Endoh S. , Iwakabe Y. , Kagawa H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 19‐inch diagonal UXGA TFT‐LCM with a mega wide viewing angle applied with Super‐IPS technology has been developed. A high aperture ratio which is the same as that of the current 18.1‐ inch SXGA LCM under UXGA resolution in the 19‐inch diagonal LCM was obtained by optimization of pixel structure and the development of a liquid crystal mixture with low driving voltage. Introducing a compensatory pixel structure solved the problem of non‐uniformity of the brightness caused by signal delay. Moreover, the same external dimensions as those of the current 18.1‐inch TFT‐LCM and thinner package were realized.
19.3: Electrical Studies of Mechanically Deformed Indium Tin Oxide Coated Polymer Substrates
Authors: Cairns Darran R. , Sparacin Daniel K. , Paine David C. , Crawford Gregory P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on the reliability of an ITO coated polymer substrate for flexible display applications. The resistance of the ITO layer increases with strain. The increase depends on ITO thickness, substrate material and additional polymer coatings. We present data for cyclic loading of the ITO coated polymer and the increase in resistance with temperature.
20.1: Invited Paper: What Is A Pixel?
Authors: Blinn James F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMost computer graphics researchers would agree that the pixel is the fundamental atomic element of imaging. But what is a pixel? The simple notion of a hardware displayable pixel becomes far more complex when it is examined more closely.Early 2D windowing systems considered a pixel to be a little square. A more enlightened signal processing approach thinks of a pixel as a point sample of a continuous function. Many signal processing problems occur since physical pixels can only have positive values.Hardware pixels are usually given with 8 bits of resolution. But the precise translation of these bit patterns into physical intensities is often not specified. More careful treatment of intensity encoding takes into consideration gamma correction and dithering, as well as the intensity sensitivity of the human eye.Color pixels are generally thought to have Red, Green and Blue components. A closer examination leads to the concept of a pixel as some projection of a full spectral distribution that must take into account the response of the eye and the physics of the display emitters. In addition, some modern displays, like LCD panels, have a predictable geometric offset between the color emitters. This has implications on the proper spatial filtering of an image in addition to any color matching problems. Compositing and blending images leads to the creation of a fourth channel, called alpha, to represent an amount of geometric coverage. The exact meaning of this transparency channel has also been a subject of debate. Furthermore, the traditional single alpha channel is often used to represent colored object transparency. This is another approximation to a more accurate approach that progresses through usage of three alpha channels per pixel to, ultimately, a whole spectral distribution for transmission as well as emission.Finally, there are reasons to specify still more quantities, such as depth information, on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis.Ultimatly, like the blind men and the elephant, a pixel means different things to different people. In fact, when we consider the proper handling of color, geometry and transparency we realize that an ordinary hardware pixel is simply a bad image compression technique.
20.2: Improved Character Representation by Non‐Square Pixel Grids
Authors: Sluyterman A. A. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe spacing between and representation of characters, in particular Italic characters and characters with oblique lines such as A, V and W, on a CRT display can be drastically improved with a non‐square pixel grid. The horizontal addressable pixel density is thereby increased without increasing the number of scanned lines.
20.3: Visual Search Performance on LCD and CRT Displays: An Experimental Comparison
Authors: Hollands J. G. , McFadden S. , Cassidy H. A. , Boothby R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe examined visual search performance using 52‐cm liquid‐crystal (LCD) and cathode‐ray tube (CRT) displays. Twenty‐four subjects searched for navy tactical display symbols on a map background. When display clutter was low (few symbols), there was a CRT advantage for off‐axis viewing, but this advantage disappeared as the number of symbols increased.
20.4: Displaced Filtering for Patterned Displays
Authors: Betrisey Claude , Blinn James F. , Dresevic Bodin , Hill Bill , Hitchcock Greg , Keely Bert , Mitchell Don P. , Platt John C. , Whitted Turner 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the filtering used in Microsoft ClearType. ClearType is a software system than enhances the resolution and readability of fonts on displays that contain a repeating pattern of addressable colored sub‐pixels. The filtering in ClearType is based on a perceptual model of human vision. The perceptual model leads to an optimization technique for finding the best output values. The results of the optimization can be approximated by pre‐filtering each color channel of an input image and then sampling each filtered color image at the spatial locations of the same colored sub‐pixels in the display. We refer to this filtering followed by displaced sampling as RGB decimation. RGB decimation eliminates the phase error caused by standard anti‐aliasing. A further approximation of the optimal filter yields RGB decimation with displaced box filters. Fourier analysis demonstrates that both the optimization technique and the displaced box filter suppress frequencies that contribute most to color fringing in unfiltered displaced sampling.
21.1: Invited Paper: The Digital Revolution in Electronic Projection Display Technology
Authors: Kahn F. J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAlthough analog CRTs continue to enable most of the world's electronic projection displays such as US consumer rear projection televisions, digital AMLCD and DLP reflective mirror array projectors have rapidly created large non consumer markets—primarily for business. Recent advances in image quality, compactness and cost effectiveness of digital projectors have revolutionary implications for major consumer and entertainment markets as well. Fueled by advances in imaging panels, light sources and micro‐optics, digital projection is improving at a rate 5X to 12X faster than flat panel plasmas and analog CRT projectors. Continued rapid improvement is expected due to relative immaturity and the wide diversity of technological improvements being pursued by materials suppliers, component suppliers and the projector manufacturers themselves. As a result digital projection is likely to dominate both the consumer HDTV and the cinema market by 2010. Shipments for all projection markets should exceed 10M units per year in 2010 with upside potential for 70M units shipments driven by high image quality, low depth, relatively low cost and the potential to be the primary large area high definition display in most of the worlds living rooms.
23.1: Fast‐Switching LCD with Multi‐Domain Vertical Alignment Driven by an Oblique Electric Field
Authors: Yoshida H. , Nakanishi Y. , Sasabayashi T. , Tasaka Y. , Okamoto K. , Inoue Y. , Sukenori H. , Fujikawa T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have developed a novel fast‐switching LCD with multidomain vertical alignment driven by an oblique electric field. The oblique electric field is applied between comb‐shaped source electrodes and comb‐shaped common electrodes on a TFT substrate and an ITO electrode on a CF substrate covering the entire display area. The ITO electrode is covered by a dielectric layer. The LCD has a wide viewing range (>160°), a high contrast ratio (>250:1) and fast response times even in black‐and‐white (13 ms (rise), 4 ms (decay)), and gray‐scale (<17 ms) switching. The LCD has no problems with electrostatic charge, disclination, or slow gray‐scale switching.
23.2: Twisted Discotic Film Compensated Single‐Domain and Two‐Domain TN LCDs
Authors: Lu Minhua , Yang K. H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA single‐layer twist discotic film with negative birefringence is used to compensate either a single‐domian (1D) TN or a two‐domain (2D) TN with advantages of higher contrast ratio, wider viewing angles, lower operating voltage, faster response times, and lower color‐shift over the uncompensated ones, respectively. The compensation on 2DTN has the added advantage of no extra light leakage at the locations of the disclination lines between two domains at any gray level so that no black matrix is needed at these locations. Further increases in viewing angles are possible by combining the compensation scheme with wide‐viewing‐angle polarizers. The compensation scheme can also be applied to reflective TNs for either direct‐view or projection displays.
25.3: An Ultra‐High‐Quality MVA‐LCD Using a New Multi‐Layer CF Resin Spacer and Black‐Matrix
Authors: Taniguchi Y. , Inoue H. , Sawasaki M. , Tanaka Y. , Hasegawa T. , Sasaki T. , Koike Y. , Okamoto K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn ultra‐high‐quality MVA‐LCD has been developed using a newly designed CF. The Cr black‐matrix was replaced by multi‐layer CF resin, which was also used to eliminate the conventional bead spacer. The protrusions that are essential to building rubbing‐less MVA panels are stacked on the multi‐layer CF resin coated by ITO to prevent electrical shorting between the CF and TFT substrates and to maintain the appropriate cell gap. This beadless MVA panel improves the transmittance and cell gap uniformity. Moreover, this new design removes Cr BM from the CF structure and eliminates both spacer dispersion and rubbing from the MVA panel process.
26.2: Optimally Reducing Motion Artifacts in Plasma Displays
Authors: Klompenhouwer M. A. , de Haan G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPlasma Display Panels (PDPs) suffer from motion artifacts caused by the subfield driving method. Motion compensation helps to prevent motion blur and dynamic contouring artifacts. Our new algorithm for motion compensation is very regular, inherently avoids rounding errors, and outperforms the earlier methods.
27.1:Invited Paper: The Promise of Plasma Displays for HDTV
Authors: Weber Larry F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe excellent image quality of HDTV demands display diagonals larger than 50 in. to satisfy human visual‐acuity limits in typical US home‐theater applications. PDPs will meet the HDTV market requirements by means of image‐quality issues, device characteristics and signal‐processing techniques reviewed here.
28.3: Evaluation of Thin Film Materials for Field Emission Displays
Authors: Chalamala Babu R. , Reuss Robert H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA simple method for the evaluation of materials suitable for the fabrication of field emission displays is presented. The technique is based on the sensitivity of a large field emitter array to the outgassing or desorption of gas species from thin films under electron beam excitation. We demonstrate the usefulness of the technique for the evaluation of thin film materials suitable for use with Mo field emitter arrays.
28.4: Matrix Flat‐Panel Application of Ballistic Electron Surface‐Emitting Display
Authors: Komoda Takuya , Honda Yoshiaki , Hatai Takashi , Watabe Yoshifumi , Ichihara Tsutomu , Aizawa Koichi , Kondo Yukihiro , Koshida Nobuyoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBallistic electron Surface‐emitting cold cathode based on porous polysilicon exhibits excellent performance as a novel flat panel display. It is demonstrated that emission current is stable up to an ambient pressure of 10 Pa. 53(RGB) × 40 pixels multicolour matrix panel is fabricated and evaluated its performance. Fabricating process is mainly based on conventional silicon process and anodisation process, for which we can expect lower production cost at larger panel fabrication.
29.2: New Photo Alignment Technology Based on •‐(4‐Chalconyloxy) Alkyl Groups
Authors: Kimura M. , Nakata S. , Makita Y. , Matsuki Y. , Kumano A. , Takeuchi Y. , Yokoyama H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a new photo alignment method based on the •‐(4‐Chalconyloxy) Alkyl side group with styrene units and phenylmaleimide units. We compared the proposed photo alignment method with the rubbing method and found that there was a gain in anchoring energy at the interface between the alignment film and LC. Furthermore, we found the improvement in TN cell electro‐optical characteristics when we used this new photo alignment method. We think this photo alignment method was available in practical applications.
6.2: Integrated TFT‐ LCD Timing Controllers with RSDS Column Driver Interface
Authors: Lee A. , Lee D. W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new generation of TFT LCD Timing controllers (TCON) are developed. This TCON offers higher levels of integration by integrating the industry de facto FPD Interface standard, LVDS receiver. In addition, This TCON provides support for multiple LCD Panel Design. This Timing Controller also features a new Column Driver interface, RSDS™, Reduce Swing Differential Signaling. Through the implementation of this high speed interface, higher resolutions at reduced EMI can be achieved. This paper will review the technical features of this new TCON, FPD87310.
30.3: Seamless Tiling Technology for Large Direct‐View Color AMLCD's
Authors: Greene R. G. , Krusius J. P. , Seraphim D. P. , Skinner D. , Yost B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe a novel low cost seamless AMLCD tiling technology that has been developed by Rainbow Displays, Inc. This tiling technology facilitates robust, continuous, and uniform displays without visible seams. Prototype displays with 4 tiles, 38.6″ diagonal size, 4×3 aspect ratio, 800×600 resolution, 200 nit brightness, and 160° horizontal viewing angles have been built. Displays with 16×9 aspect ratio and higher resolution are under development.
30.4L: Late‐News Paper: 15‐in. Quad‐VGA TFT‐LCD High Resolution for Multimedia Applications
Authors: Gofuku Eishi , Takahashi Seiki , Numano Yoshinori 
Published: January 2005

Abstract15‐inch Quad‐VGA LCD panel which has 1,280 × 960 resolution is developed (Figure 1). This LCD panel provides adaptability to the new media such as DVD using PC because of 4/3 screen format. 15‐inch diagonal size is the best selection for a personal use monitor from standpoint of ergonomics. Main features of this panel are higher brightness, higher contrast ratio, higher color saturation and smooth gray‐scale to achieve excellent images especially for motion pictures on high‐resolution screen using generic PC systems.
30.5L: Late‐News Paper: An Advanced 23‐inch In‐Plane‐Switching Mode TFTLCD with H1920 × V1200 Pixels
Authors: Kimura M. , Fukami T. , Kumagawa K. , Asada S. , akemoto H. , akubo Y. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new 23‐inch diagonal IPS (In‐Plane‐Switching) mode TFT‐LCD with H1920 × V1200 pixels has been developed. This TFT‐LCD has obtained good uniformity by using an advanced driving method which combines the Dual‐line driving and the design of optimized storage‐capacitance for each pixels. Furthermore, using a new pixel structure, which is a zigzag shaped pixel including zigzag shaped source lines, common electrodes, pixel electrodes and a color‐filter, the aperture ratio becomes 25% larger than a conventional LCD.
32.2: Design of the Double Q‐pole Deflection Yoke for the Real Flat CRT (Cybertube)
Authors: Spanjer T. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe design of the deflection yoke of the Philips Cybertube is presented. Two dynamically driven magnetic quadrupoles have been added to vary the virtual gun pitch seen at the screen synchronously with the frame deflection. This gun pitch modulation enables additional mask curvature for improved doming, drop‐test and microphony performance.
32.4: New Driving Scheme for the Camel CRT
Authors: Huqiang Long , Dong Xu , Baolin Huang , Shuquan Lin , Denyi Tang 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSome characteristics of the black‐white camel CRT made in our lab are briefly presented in this paper, and the detailed descriptions of the new driving scheme for the camel CRT are then given. New circuit design has a very simple structure and can effectively remove or decrease the bright or black stripe between both unit‐images of a camel CRT.
6.4: Image Scaling at Rational Ratios for High‐Resolution LCD Monitors
Authors: Kazuo Sekiya , Shimizu Junya 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe propose a new scaling technology, called “Expansion Scaling with Complementary Outlining on Rule‐based Trace (ESCORT),” which expands the digital video image at rational ratios. ESCORT has been developed with targeting the computer screen images and gives superior legibility at the expansion ratios less than two whose ratios are required in high‐resolution LCDs.
33.1: Invited Paper: Displays for Hand‐Held Portable Electronic Products
Authors: Akins R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe hand‐held electronic product field includes most telecommunication, palm computing and navigation products, making this a large market for smaller displays (typically from 1″ to 4″ diagonal). Historically, this market has demanded displays with low power and cost, rather than high image quality, as evidenced by the historical dominance of monochrome TN and STN displays. However, within these constraints there is a strong trend toward larger displays capable of higher information content, including a migration toward low power color solutions.