bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Taurine inLycium Barbarum L.and Other Foods by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Cao Yuhua , Zhang Xin , Chu Qingcui , Fang Yuzhi , Ye Jiannong 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ED) was developed for the determination of taurine inLycium Barbarum L., LIPOVIYAN beverage and milk powder. The effects of some important factors such as the acidity of the running buffer, separation voltage, injection time, and applied potential to working electrode were investigated. Operated in a wall‐jet configuration, a 300 μm diameter carbon‐disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits good responses at +1.05 V (vs. SCE) for taurine. Excellent linearity was obtained in the concentration range from 5.0×10−4 mol/L to 5.0×10−6 mol/L. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 1.0×10−7 mol/L. This proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze the actual samples with satisfactory assay results.
An Electrochemical Investigation of Complexation of Pb(II) by a Well‐Characterized Fulvic Acid in Model Systems – Effect of Competition with Major Cations and Trace Metals
Authors: Mandal Rupasri , Salam Mohamed S. A. , Chakrabarti Chuni L. , Back Margaret H. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractEffect of competition of major cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, and trace metals, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+, on the stability of the Pb(II)‐fulvic acid (FA) complexes in model systems at constant pH and ionic strength was investigated by square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The results show that the trace metals compete with the target trace metal, Pb(II), for binding sites of the FA even when they are present in the same concentration as that of Pb(II), whereas the major cations compete with Pb(II) only when they are present in massive excess.
Empirical scrutiny of a familiar narrative: sense of control in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Surgenor Lois J. , Horn Jacqueline , Hudson Stephen M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPsychological control has been hypothesized to play a pivotal role in the variability, natural course, and treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). However both the empirical and theoretical literatures suggest that this relationship is incompletely understood. Employing a multidimensional control inventory to overcome problems identified in previous research, this study examines the relationship between psychological sense of control and clinical variability of AN in 51 women. An adverse overall sense of control, along with reliance on specific means of gaining control was associated with more severe eating disturbance. Greater use of a negative‐assertive style of gaining control was associated with a longer time since first diagnosis, while desire for control was significantly associated with menstrual status. Finally, self‐induced vomiting was associated with specific means of obtaining control, while use of laxatives was associated with reduced control in the domain of body. Such findings have implications for future research and the application of control constructs in treatment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The role of biodevelopmental and psychological factors in disordered eating among adolescent males and females
Authors: McCabe M. P. , Vincent M. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe present study examined the role of biodevelopmental and psychological factors in the development of disordered eating in early adolescent males and females. Three hundred and six girls (mean age = 13.66 years; SD = 1.12 years) and 297 boys (mean age = 13.89 years; SD = 1.13 years) from grades 7–10 completed a questionnaire which assessed disordered eating, biodevelopmental (body mass index (BMI), age and puberty) and psychological factors (self‐esteem, depression, anxiety, ineffectiveness, perfectionism). Not surprisingly, girls were more likely than boys to engage in extreme weight loss behaviours. There were no significant differences between boys and girls on measures of binge eating or bulimic tendencies. Self‐esteem, depression and anxiety were found to be significant predictors of disordered eating among girls, while anxiety, ineffectiveness, self‐esteem and perfectionism were significant predictors among boys. The findings from this study demonstrate the importance of psychological variables in predicting extreme weight loss behaviours among both adolescent males and females. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Can educational programmes raise clinical competence in treating eating disorders? Results from a Norwegian trial
Authors: Rosenvinge Jan H. , Skårderud Finn , Thune‐Larsen Kari‐Brith 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the structure and content of a Norwegian educational programme—‘Body and self‐esteem’—to raise clinical competence among health professionals treating patients with eating disorders. Apart from the individual competence, the aim of the programme is also to increase system‐based competence by forming network groups. Using a pre–post design, the programme's effectiveness is described covering the first 78 participants with respect to competence changes, professional attitudes toward treatment, satisfaction with the programme and dissemination effects. At the end of the programme, statistically significant changes in clinical competence were found. The participant's satisfaction was generally good, particularly with respect to gaining more theoretical knowledge and understanding and clinical skills training. Along with preliminary dissemination findings, the programme would appear to be highly promising. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A comparison of clinical and psychological features in subgroups of patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Oliosi Manuela , Dalle Grave Riccardo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground:In DSM‐IV anorexics who purge without binging (AN‐P) are considered together with the binge eating purging subgroup (AN‐B). Few studies have investigated whether it is binge eating per se or the compensatory behaviours that provide the most relevant marker for subclassifying anorexia nervosa.Methods:We compared 40 restricting‐type anorexics (AN‐R), 40 AN‐B and 38 AN‐P subjects consecutively admitted to our inpatient treatment. We excluded patients who had not had a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa for at least 1.5 years duration.Results:AN‐B patients showed a slightly more severe eating disorder symptomatology, while in terms of body weight AN‐R and AN‐P present a higher degree of weight loss. Psychiatric symptoms were similar in the three groups. Sexual abuse, suicide attempts and dissociative symptoms were higher in AN‐P and AN‐B patients compared to AN‐R.Discussion:Our results together with the fact that it is difficult to define binge eating in anorexic subjects and that purging behaviours are often associated with severe medical complications, support the subtyping system of anorexia nervosa based on the presence/absence of purging behaviours rather than of binge eating. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Development of optimized weighted‐ENO schemes for multiscale compressible flows
Authors: Ponziani D. , Pirozzoli S. , Grasso F. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe present paper deals with the development of optimized weighted–ENO schemes to improve the resolution of a class of compressible flows characterized by a wide disparity of scales, typical of compressible turbulence and/or aeroacoustic phenomena, and shock waves. The approach relies on a least square minimization of both the dispersion and dissipation error components together with the use of symmetric stencil support. Extensive numerical simulations of sound propagation, shock–sound interaction and isotropic compressible turbulence have been carried out, and the results confirm that the optimized schemes yield a resolution in wave number space greater than the non‐optimized ones. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐wall turbulence modelling with enhanced dissipation
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Siikonen T. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA low‐Reynolds number k–ε turbulence model is proposed that incorporates diffusion terms and modified Cε(1,2) coefficients to amplify the level of dissipation in non‐equilibrium flow regions, thus reducing the kinetic energy and length scale magnitudes to improve prediction of adverse pressure gradient flows, involving flow separation and reattachment. Unlike the conventional k–ε model, it requires no wall function/distance parameter that bridges the near‐wall integration. The model is validated against a few flow cases, yielding predictions in good agreement with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct testing of subgrid scale models in large‐eddy simulation of a non‐isothermal turbulent jet
Authors: Gago C. Ferreira , Garnier F. , Utheza F. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA comparative assessment of subgrid models of compressible large‐eddy simulations is performed for a temporally evolving heated round jet at a low Mach number. Initially, the temperature difference with respect to the ambient is chosen according to the one at the nozzle exit of a typical aircraft engine. Subgrid modelling in both the momentum and the energy equations is then necessary to close the problem. As basic models, we have considered the compressible versions of the Smagorinsky model, the mixed‐scale model (which can be defined as a dynamic‐type model) and the similarity model. The first two models are also supplemented with the similarity model or/and a selective function. Large‐eddy simulations (LES) results are compared with those obtained from a direct numerical simulation (DNS). Thus to allow correspondence between DNS and LES the Reynolds number, in the present study, is still not very high and equal to 500. Among the cases investigated the hybrid Smagorinsky model (linear combination of the Smagorinsky model and the similarity model) displays the best performances, especially when dealing with the turbulent stresses and the turbulent heat flux. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing models of equity swaps
Authors: Wang Ming‐Chieh , Liao Szu‐Lang 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis article provides a generalized formula for pricing equity swaps with constant notional principal when
the underlying equity markets and settlement currency can be set arbitrarily. To derive swap values using the
risk‐neutral valuation method, the swap payment is replicated at each settlement date by constructing a
self‐financing portfolio. To obtain the foreign equity index return denominated in the domestic or in a
third currency, equity‐linked foreign exchange options are used to hedge the exchange rate risk. It is
found that if the swap involves international equity markets, then the swap value contains an extra term which
reflects the currency hedging costs. This methodology can easily be applied to price various types of equity
swaps simply by modifying the specifications of the model presented here as required. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:751–772, 2003
Scheduled announcements and volatility patterns: The effects of monetary policy committee announcements on LIBOR and short sterling futures and options
Authors: Sun Peng , Sutcliffe Charles 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBoth the UK spot and futures markets in short‐term interest rates are found to react strongly to
surprises in the scheduled announcements of the repo rate and RPI. Therefore, these announcements should also
affect the market for options on short‐term interest rate futures. Because the repo rate and RPI
announcements are scheduled, the options market can predict the days on which announcement shocks may hit, and
build this information into its volatility expectations. It is argued that the volatility used in pricing
options should alter over time in a predictable nonlinear manner that varies with contract maturity and the
number of forthcoming announcements; but is independent of announcement content. The empirical results
support this hypothesis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:773–797, 2003
Robust estimation of the optimal hedge ratio
Authors: Harris Richard D. F. , Shen Jian 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWhen using derivative instruments such as futures to hedge a portfolio of risky assets, the primary objective
is to estimate the optimal hedge ratio (OHR). When agents have mean‐variance utility and the
futures price follows a martingale, the OHR is equivalent to the minimum variance hedge ratio,which can be
estimated by regressing the spot market return on the futures market return using ordinary least squares. To
accommodate time‐varying volatility in asset returns, estimators based on rolling windows, GARCH, or EWMA
models are commonly employed. However, all of these approaches are based on the sample variance and covariance
estimators of returns, which, while consistent irrespective of the underlying distribution of the data, are not
in general efficient. In particular, when the distribution of the data is leptokurtic, as is commonly found for
short horizon asset returns, these estimators will attach too much weight to extreme observations. This article
proposes an alternative to the standard approach to the estimation of the OHR that is robust to the
leptokurtosis of returns. We use the robust OHR to construct a dynamic hedging strategy for daily returns on the
FTSE100 index using index futures. We estimate the robust OHR using both the rolling window approach and the
EWMA approach, and compare our results to those based on the standard rolling window and EWMA estimators. It is
shown that the robust OHR yields a hedged portfolio variance that is marginally lower than that based on the
standard estimator. Moreover, the variance of the robust OHR is as much as 70% lower than the variance of
the standard OHR, substantially reducing the transaction costs that are associated with dynamic hedging
strategies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:799–816, 2003
Optimal contract design: For whom?
Authors: Bollen Nicolas P. B. , Smith Tom , Whaley Robert E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn designing a derivative contract, an exchange carefully considers how its attributes affect the expected
profits of its members. On November 3, 1997, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange doubled its tick size of its
S&P 500 futures contract and halved the denomination, providing a rare opportunity to examine empirically
the search for an optimal contract design. This article measures changes in the trading environment that
occurred in the days surrounding the contract redesign. We find a discernible change in the incidence of price
clustering, an increase in the bid/ask spread, a reduction in trading volume, and no meaningful change in
dollar trade size. These results suggest that the contract redesign did not increase accessibility but did
increase market maker revenue. Despite the increase, however, the bid/ask spread of the S&P 500 futures
contract remains low relative to the costs of market making and the spreads in markets for competing
instruments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:719–750, 2003
Tumor necrosis factor is required for RANTES‐induced astrocyte monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 production
Authors: Luo Yi , Berman Michael A. , Abromson‐Leeman Sara R. , Dorf Martin E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAstrocytes respond to stimulation with the chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed) by production of a series of cytokines and chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1). In the present study we demonstrate that RANTES induces TNF, which in turn stimulates subsequent production of MCP‐1. TNF‐R1 (p55) serves as the principal receptor responsible for MCP‐1 synthesis. The results define an astrocyte proinflammatory cascade that amplifies synthesis of proinflammatory mediators. The implications of these findings to inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system are discussed. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constitutive activation of the neuregulin‐1/ErbB receptor signaling pathway is essential for the proliferation of a neoplastic Schwann cell line
Authors: Frohnert Paul W. , Stonecypher Mark S. , Carroll Steven L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNeuregulin‐1 (NRG‐1) proteins promote Schwann cell survival, differentiation and proliferation during development. High levels of an NRG‐like activity are also present in some human peripheral nerve sheath tumors, suggesting that NRG‐1 isoforms may be involved in the development of these neoplasms. We examined the expression of NRG‐1 and its receptors, the erbB membrane tyrosine kinases, in JS1 cells, a rapidly proliferating line derived from a chemically induced rat malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Relative to nontransformed Schwann cells, JS1 cells overexpress the NRG‐1 receptor erbB3 and its erbB2 coreceptor; JS1 erbB2 transcripts show no evidence of the activating mutation commonly found in N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced neoplasms. JS1 cells do not express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a kinase implicated in the pathogenesis of a major subset of MPNSTs. JS1 cells also express mRNAs encoding multiple α and β isoforms from the glial growth factor and sensory and motor neuron‐derived factor NRG‐1 subfamilies. Stimulation with NRG‐1β in the presence of forskolin produces a dose‐dependent increase in JS1 DNA synthesis. Even in unstimulated JS1 cells, however, erbB2 and erbB3 are constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated. Reducing this constitutive phosphorylation with the specific erbB inhibitor PD158780 markedly impairs JS1 DNA synthesis. These observations support the hypothesis that NRG‐1 isoforms and erbB kinases act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to promote mitogenesis in JS1 cells. The absence of EGFR expression in JS1 cells suggests that constitutive activation of the NRG‐1/erbB signaling pathway is an alternative means of inducing Schwann cell neoplasia. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secreted glycoprotein myocilin is a component of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves
Authors: Ohlmann Andreas , Goldwich Andreas , Flügel‐Koch Cassandra , Fuchs Anne V. , Schwager Konrad , Tamm Ernst R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe structure of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves requires the expression of a specific set of proteins. In the present study, we report that myocilin, a member of the olfactomedin protein family, is a component of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. Myocilin is a secreted glycoprotein that forms multimers and contains a leucine zipper and an olfactomedin domain. Mutations in myocilin are responsible for some forms of glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by a continuous loss of optic nerve axons. Myocilin mRNA was detected by Northern blotting in RNA from the rat sciatic and ophthalmic nerves. By one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from the rat and human sciatic nerves, myocilin was found to migrate at an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.2–5.3 and a molecular weight of 55–57 kDa. Immunohistochemistry showed immunoreactivity for myocilin in paranodal terminal loops of the nodes of Ranvier and outer mesaxons and basal/abaxonal regions of the myelin sheath. Double‐labeling experiments with antibodies against myelin basic protein showed no overlapping, while overlapping immunoreactivity was observed with antibodies against myelin‐associated glycoprotein. The expression of myocilin in the sciatic nerve became detectable at postnatal day (P) 15 and reached adult levels at P20. No or minor expression of myocilin mRNA was found in brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. mRNA of myocilin was detected in schwannoma cells in situ, but at considerably lower levels than in myelinated nerves. Myocilin might significantly contribute to the structure of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell cytotoxicity of human Schwann cells: TNFα promotes fasL‐mediated apoptosis and IFNγ perforin‐mediated lysis
Authors: Bonetti Bruno , Valdo Paola , Ossi Giovanni , De Toni Luca , Masotto Barbara , Marconi Silvia , Rizzuto Nicolò , Nardelli Ettore , Moretto Giuseppe 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe ability of resident cells to induce apoptosis of invading immune cells is a major regulatory factor operating in immune‐privileged tissues, including the nervous system. We investigated the cellular and molecular factors participating in modulation of immune response in peripheral nerves, focusing on two cytotoxic pathways: fas ligand (fasL) and perforin. fasL and perforin expression was found by immunochemistry on Schwann cells (Sc) in nerve biopsies from patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis and on human Sc cultures. Treatment of Sc with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interferon (IFN) γ upregulated the expression of both molecules. In a coculture model, Sc exposed to TNFα or IFNγ were able to induce both apoptotic and lytic injury of T‐lymphocytes. Inactivation of fasL with the neutralizing antibody NOK‐2 abolished T‐cell apoptosis induced by Sc treated with TNFα, but not by Sc treated with IFNγ. Conversely, T‐cell lysis was significantly decreased when IFNγ‐activated Sc were treated with concanamycin A, which inhibited perforin release. At variance with T‐lymphocytes, B‐cells were less sensitive to cytokine‐treated Sc toxicity. Thus, Sc exposed to inflammatory cytokines have the capacity of inducing selective damage of T‐lymphocytes and have the potential of regulating the immune response in the peripheral nervous system. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pepstatin A induces extracellular acidification distinct from aspartic protease inhibition in microglial cell lines
Authors: Okada Mitsuko , Irie Shin , Sawada Makoto , Urae Ryuji , Urae Akinori , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio , Akazawa Kohei , Nakanishi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe extrusion of protons is considered a very general parameter of the activation of many kinds of membrane or intracellular molecules, such as receptors, ion channels, and enzymes. We found that pepstatin A caused a reproducible, concentration‐related increase in the extracellular acidification rate in two microglial cell lines, Ra2 and 6‐3. Washing abolished pepstatin A‐induced acidification immediately. However, pepstatin A did not cause the extracellular acidification in other cell types, such as CHO, C6 glioma, and NIH3T3 cells. These observations strongly suggest that pepstatin A interacts with certain membrane proteins specific to both Ra2 and 6‐3 cells from outside. N‐methylmaleimide and N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, inhibitors of H+‐ATPase, were found to reduce pepstatin A‐induced response strongly, while bafilomycin A1, a vacuolar H+‐ATPase inhibitor, vanadate, a P‐type H+‐ATPase inhibitor, and NaN3, an F1 ATPase inhibitor, virtually did not. 5‐(N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyl) amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1, greatly enhanced pepstatin‐induced response, while amiloride did not. Zn2+, a voltage‐dependent proton channel blocker, did not affect pepstatin‐induced response neither. Staurosporine, a nonspecific inhibitor of protein kinase C, inhibited pepstatin A‐induced response, while chelerythrine, more selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, greatly enhanced it. H‐7 and H‐8 did not affected the response. These findings suggest that pepstatin A induces extracellular acidification in microglia cell lines, Ra2 and 6‐3, through an N‐methylmaleimide‐ and N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide‐sensitive, but bafilomycin A1‐insensitive, ATPase, which seems to be distinct from protein kinase C‐dependent process. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.