bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic microsporidiosis unveiled by fine‐needle aspiration cytology of cervical lymph node with literature review
Authors: Singh Brijdeep , Kundu Reetu , Sharma Chayan , Khurana Sumeeta , Bhujade Harish , Singla Neeraj , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrosporidia are highly specialized obligate intracellular organisms closely related to fungi, traditionally linked to diarrheal diseases in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Over the past two decades, an increasing incidence of extraintestinal infections affecting various organ systems, especially in immunocompromised individuals, has been observed. The report presents a unique case of lymph node microsporidiosis in a 38‐year‐old male, positive for human immunodeficiency virus, with coinfections of hepatitis B and C. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from cervical lymph node yielded pus‐like, necrotic material with periodic acid‐Schiff stained smear uncovering small round to oval spores on microscopy suspicious for microsporidia. Based on polymerase chain reaction and sequencing done with aspiration material, the causative agent was identified as Vittaforma corneae. This rare encounter highlights the significance of recognizing unique morphological characteristics of infectious organisms and employing appropriate ancillary techniques for precise identification. The case underscores the crucial role of FNAC in diagnosing opportunistic infections involving the lymph nodes and the growing significance of molecular tests for specific pathogen confirmation.
Qualitative study of the impact on recovery of peer relationships between female inpatients during treatment for anorexia nervosa in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lotery Elizabeth , Bell Rebecca , Combe Gillian , Biddle Lucy , Bould Helen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdmissions to hospitals for people with anorexia nervosa (AN) often last over 2 months, during which significant time is often spent with other patients, but there is little qualitative research on the impact on recovery of the inter‐patient relationships. Our aim was to conduct qualitative interviews with people with a history of inpatient treatment for AN, focusing on the impact of interactions and relationships between patients during hospital admission on recovery, including short‐term and long‐term effects.MethodWe conducted nine semi‐structured, one‐to‐one interviews, specifically exploring the helpful and unhelpful aspects of inter‐patient relationships during inpatient treatment for AN. No type of relationship was either included or excluded. Participants were recruited as volunteers in response to an online advertisement; all who met the eligibility criteria were selected. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThematic analysis identified five themes: (1) comparison and justification, (2) learnt unhelpful behaviors, (3) dealing with distress, (4) compassion, and (5) role‐modeling. All participants expressed conflicting feelings about their relationships with other patients, but generally described developing more resilience to negative effects as they got closer to recovery. Positive effects, such as compassion, appeared to hold significance long term in participants' recovered lives.DiscussionThe detailed exploration of themes in this study provides a deeper understanding of inter‐patient relationships during inpatient treatment for AN. This could aid clinical decision‐making when choosing appropriate treatment settings for individual patients as well as informing clinical practice in hospital.Public SignificanceThis study closely examines the effect on recovery of relationships with other patients during hospital treatment for AN, a severe eating disorder. Findings might help hospital staff to understand the feelings of those they look after and develop ways to protect patients from the negative effects of peer relationships and enhance the positive ones, to support recovery in hospital.
How to Set the “Chirality” of Polyhedral Small Molecule Hydrocarbons: Decoration and Editing of Cubane Skeleton
Authors: Takebe Hiyori , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSmall polyhedral hydrocarbons represented by cubane have attracted attention as potential molecular scaffolds for pharmaceuticals as benzene bioisoster. Cubane is also expected to be used as a chiral scaffold, but due to its high symmetry, it is necessary to introduce chirality by sequential site‐selective introduction of substituents. Furthermore, polyhedral desymmetrized isomers of cubane, such as cuneane and semibullvalene, and extended cage compounds, such as bishomocubane and homocuneane, exhibit chirality and are also expected to be used as new optically active scaffolds. In this concept, we would like to explain the synthetic routes we have planned, specifically, the decoration and editing of the cubane skeleton.
Trifluoromethyl Ketone Galactose Catalyst for Asymmetric Epoxidation: Experimental and Theoretical Model
Authors: Imperio Daniela , Casali Emanuele , Del Grosso Erika , Caprioglio Diego , Minassi Alberto , Panza Luigi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the introduction of the Shi catalyst, the organocatalytic epoxidation of olefins has become an area of continued research interest. To explore the possibility of enhancing the efficiency and stability of the catalyst, the synthesis of a galactose‐derived trifluoromethyl ketone, and its use for stereoselective epoxidation reaction that exploits a transitory dioxirane as active species are herein reported. The trifluoromethyl ketone was built on the C6 of a protected d‐galactopyranose. The organocatalyst was obtained smoothly in a few steps, and when utilized for stereoselective epoxidation exhibited excellent stability as no chemical alterations were observed during the reaction. The stereoselectivity, although sometimes moderate, appears surprisingly high considering the conformational freedom of the trifluoromethyl ketone moiety.DFT calculations were performed to investigate the interactions involved in regulating the observed selectivities. Moreover, a new mnemonic model has been developed to serve as a fast‐predicting tool for epoxidation of new substrates.
Biological recovery of phosphorus (BioP‐Rec) from wastewater streams using brewer's yeast on pilot‐scale
Authors: Vučić Vedran , Harms Hauke , Müller Susann 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost recent advances for phosphorus (P) recovery using brewery yeast on laboratory scale were used to scale up to a pilot‐scale process (BioP‐Rec module) and applied in a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A P balance was established for WWTP Markranstädt according to two thresholds: (1) the economic feasibility threshold for P recovery of 0.05 kg/m3 of free P, and (2) the German Sewage Sludge Ordinance (GSSO) threshold, which demands that all WWTPs with a P content in dry matter (DM) of biosolids of 20 gP/kgDM or higher in the coming years must perform mandatory P recovery. In terms of defined thresholds, return and excess sludges were identified as the most feasible WWTP process streams for P recovery. In a 1 m3 BioP‐Rec module a 3 stage process was established. From the P‐rich water‐phase of the return sludge produced in stage 1, which contained 0.051 kg/m3 of free P, 77.56% was taken up by P‐depleted brewer's yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus in 3 h in stage 2. In stage 3, the yeast was concentrated in 1 h to produce yeast sludge as a fertilizer product. We demonstrated a novel pilot‐scale process for the production of bio‐based P‐rich fertilizer.
Analysis of hygroscopicity and pyrolysis behaviour of propanediol esters synthesized by the enzymatic method
Authors: Gao Ziting , Chu Wenjuan , Han Lu , Wan Jiqiang , Li Mengxue , Yang Xiaopeng , Guo Qi , Lu Hongliang , Ji Xiaoming , Tian Haiying , Lai Miao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to develop food or tobacco usable flavour precursors, compounds 2‐hydroxypropyl benzoate (3a), propane‐1,2‐diyl dibenzoate (4a), 2‐hydroxypropyl cinnamate (3b) and propane‐1,2‐diyl (2E,2′ E)‐bis(3‐hydroxypropyl cinnamate) (4b) were synthesized by transesterification propanediol with vinyl benzoate and vinyl cinnamate under the biological enzyme Novozym435. The structures of the propanediol esters were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The hygroscopicity and moisture retention capacity of reconstituted tobacco shreds with the synthesized propanediol were explored by 100 h hygroscopic desorption assay, model validation and low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (LF‐NMR). The results showed that the bound water content of 3a and 3b was lower than that of propanediol and higher than that of the control under both low (RH = 32%) and high (RH = 84%) humidity conditions. In addition, pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) technique was applied to investigate the thermal behaviour of 3a and 3b. Four and five pyrolysis products were formed by pyrolysis of 3a and 3b, respectively. The main pyrolysis products benzoic acid and cinnamic acid could be used as flavouring agents in food and tobacco. 3a and 3b had good moisture and humidity retention effects as well as uniform and sustained flavour release. The results of the study not only effectively improve the water absorbency of reconstituted tobacco and enhance the flavour, which is suitable for the storage and smoking process, but also provide a reference for the further development of new flavour moisturizers in the tobacco industry.
Effects of spices mixture and cooking on phytochemical content in Ethiopian spicy hot red pepper products
Authors: Medalcho Tadewos Hadero , Ali Kebede Abegaz , Augchew Engeda Dessalegn , Mate Juan Ignacio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpicy hot red pepper, the most popular spice in Ethiopia, is also locally known as berbere, which is highly valued for its pungency, flavor, and color. The spicy hot red pepper powder is used to flavor shiro and other stews, as well as different forms of condiments. The aim of this study was to measure the phytochemical content of raw spices (black cumin, garlic, ginger, and cardamom) and control hot red pepper (HRP), as well as the raw and cooked experimental and commercial spicy hot red pepper products. The samples were analyzed for phytochemical content using a spectrophotometer. Compared to raw experimental spicy hot red pepper, raw spices, and HRP, raw commercial spicy hot red pepper exhibited the highest bioactive phytochemicals. The cooked commercial spicy hot red pepper or sauté had the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) and total carotenoid content (TCC). Similarly, cooked experimental spicy hot red pepper contained the highest levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and β‐carotene. With r values ranging from 0.24 to 0.65, the TPC and TFC of raw spices were correlated with antioxidant activity. There was a significant correlation between TCC and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (r = .71), 2, 2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (r = .95), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (r = .76), as well as between β‐carotene and DPPH (r = .69), FRAP (r = .69), and ferrous ion chelating activity (FICA) (r = .78). This study verified that raw spices and their mix with hot red pepper are good sources of bioactive phytochemicals with radicals scavenging abilities in Ethiopian diets.
Epigenetic age in African American adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional case–control study protocol
Authors: Foster Christy , Mamaeva Olga , Shrestha Sadeep , Hidalgo Bertha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease caused by a relative insulin deficiency compared to the significant insulin requirement needed by the body to achieve glycemic control. T2D in adolescence appears to be increasing in prevalence over the past several decades, necessitating studies to understand for the onset of the disease to occur early in the lifespan. Given the high burden of disease, specifically in young African American adolescents, our study chose to focus initially on feasibility of recruitment of this population.MethodsData was collected at a single study center at Children's of Alabama. The protocol was completed as part of routine care or at a study visit. The study team was able to leverage the Electronic Medical Record to prescreen eligible patients to discuss the study. A variety of times of day were utilized to improve likely of success with reaching potential participants. Inclusion criteria for patients with T2D was focused on the adolescent population (ages 12–18 years), with no history of an obesity syndrome. DNA methylation age will be calculated using the EPIC 850K array. Statistical analysis will be done using linear regression analysis, adjusting for covariates.ConclusionsThis study's aim was to screen and enroll young African American adolescents for a study investigating epigenetic aging and T2D. Our study found that more direct contact (face‐to‐face‐ or phone call) improve success of recruitment. Leveraging the electronic medical record also helped improve success with pre‐screening participants. Challenges included recruiting participants who might come from long distances to a tertiary care center. Consolidating appointments helped improve the success of reaching these participants. Other challenges included frequent address changes and changed phone numbers. Close attention to the barriers as well as the successes will aid in understanding effective strategies for this important population.
SSRIs in the course of COVID‐19 pneumonia: Evidence of effectiveness of antidepressants on acute inflammation. A retrospective study
Authors: Fei Leonardo , Bozza Bernardo , Melani Giulia , Righi Lorenzo , Santarelli Gabriele , Boy Ottone Baccaredda , Benedetti Davide , Falone Andrea , Flaccomio Dario , Giuranno Gabriele , Martelli Michela , Merola Pierpaolo , Moretti Sandra , Ndoci Endrit , Pecoraro Vincenzo , Siviglia Serena , Berni Andrea , Fanelli Alessandra , Giovagnini Eleonora , Morettini Alessandro , Nozzoli Carlo , Para Ombretta , Rostagno Carlo , Tozzetti Camilla 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionRelationships between inflammation and mood have been observed in terms of pro‐inflammatory effects induced by depressive conditions and, in parallel, by an antidepressant‐induced favorable effect on the recovery of inflammatory states. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs were hypothesized to improve the prognosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, a typical acute inflammation, in terms of decreased mortality rate and pro‐inflammatory cytokine serum levels.MethodsThe medical records of COVID‐19 pneumonia inpatients at Careggi University Hospital (Florence) were analyzed for prognosis and Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) after admission for over a period of 22 months. Medical records of patients treated at admission and not discontinued until discharge with an SSRI or with vortioxetine were identified. Two groups, one treated with antidepressants, the other not treated, were evaluated according to the mentioned parameters. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were performed.ResultsThe entire sample composed of 1236 records (recovered patients 77.1%, deceased patients 22.9%). The treated group (n = 107) had a better prognosis than the untreated group in spite of age and comorbidity both being greater than in the untreated group. Correspondingly, IL‐6 levels in the treated group were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the levels in the untreated group, in every comparison.ConclusionsOutcomes of this study support the hypothesis of the favorable influence of some antidepressants on the prognosis of COVID‐19, possibly mediated by IL‐6 modulation. Reduction in acute inflammation induced by the action of antidepressants was confirmed.
Inherited episodic ataxia type 2 in pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Mascherpa Margaret , Fichera Anna , Orabona Rossana , Recupero Daniela , Borroni Barbara , Odicino Franco Edoardo , Prefumo Federico 
Published: December 2023

SynopsisAn optimal materno‐neonatal outcome was obtained in a pregnancy with inherited episodic ataxia through a multidisciplinary team handling timing and mode of delivery.
Treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer with BRCA2 germline mutation treated with olaparib
Authors: Ikeda Riko , Matsuoka Yoh , Inoue Masaharu , Ishikawa Ayataka , Akagi Kiwamu , Kageyama Yukio 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe efficacy of olaparib for treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer is unknown. Here, we report a case of treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer with a BRCA2 mutation that was treated with olaparib with 1‐year efficacy.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old man initially diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma developed treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer after 10‐year androgen deprivation therapy. Despite the initial temporary effects of etoposide and carboplatin, the patient experienced prostate bed tumor recurrence 1 year after chemotherapy cessation. FoundationOne® detected a BRCA2 gene mutation, and olaparib was initiated after repeating one chemotherapy course using the same chemotherapeutic agents. The patient received olaparib with sustained tumor regression for 1 year without severe side effects.ConclusionOlaparib may be the treatment of choice for treatment‐related neuroendocrine prostate cancer in patients with BRCA mutations.
Measuring farmer time preferences: A systematic literature review for Europe and North America
Authors: Wuepper David , Henzmann Severin , Finger Robert 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present the first systematic review of the literature on farmer time preference measurements across Europe and North America. We synthesize methodological developments, summarize the empirical findings, and discuss challenges and potential areas for further research. The average reported discount rate of the farmers in Europe and North America is 23% per annum. Farmer time preferences are, however, highly heterogeneous within and across studies. Moreover, we identify methodological challenges and knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research. We draw conclusions for policymakers and researchers.
Improvement of access to mental health care through implementing telehealth services by clinical pharmacist practitioners
Authors: Goodman Courtney S. , Chiulli Dana L. , Seratt Kimberly G. , Smith Tammy J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe nationwide shortage of psychiatric providers delays patients from receiving vital mental health (MH) treatments. Mental Health clinical pharmacist practitioners (CPPs) are qualified to provide comprehensive medication management (CMM) services and expand care; however, many MH interdisciplinary teams have not incorporated MH CPPs or have not optimized their role. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how MH CPPs leveraged telemedicine to provide CMM to outpatient MH clinics requiring provisional coverage for other prescribing providers. This paper also reviews supplemental services and barriers to implementation. The Veterans Integrated Services Network (VISN) 6 Clinical Resource Hub‐Telemental Health (CRH‐TMH) is a centralized interdisciplinary team that provides telemental health services to veterans through coordination with their local Veterans Health Administration Health Care Systems located in North Carolina and Virginia. The MH CPPs serve as advanced practice providers with a scope of practice that authorizes prescriptive authority including controlled substances. The VISN 6 CRH‐TMH program was initiated in 2020 and expanded from one MH CPP to include three MH CPPs and a MH CPP supervisor. Since initiation, the MH CPPs have supported 10 outpatient MH clinics. From October 2021 to March 2023, the MH CPPs have completed 5080 clinical encounters. The MH CPPs decreased phone appointments and increased the percentage of video‐to‐home encounters from 56% in fiscal year 2021 to 91% by March fiscal year 23. Virtual same‐day access was implemented at three locations and the substance use disorder program provided timely access to life‐saving treatments. The joint intake clinic optimized veterans' intake into the MH clinic by the therapist providing diagnostic services and the CPP performing CMM during the same appointment. The telehealth learning experience increased training opportunities for residents. The success of this initiative further supports the expansion of MH CPPs as advanced practice providers.
Exposure of quantum dots in the nervous system: Central nervous system risks and the blood–brain barrier interface
Authors: Guan Shujing , Tang Meng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuantum dots currently possess significant importance in the field of biomedical science. Upon introduction into the body, quantum dots exhibit a tendency to accumulate in diverse tissues including the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, it becomes imperative to devote specific attention to their potential toxic effects. Moreover, the preservation of optimal CNS function relies heavily on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, thereby necessitating its prioritization in neurotoxicological investigations. A more comprehensive understanding of the BBB and CNS characteristics, along with the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to neurotoxicity, will greatly aid researchers in the development of effective design strategies. This article offers an in‐depth look at the methods used to reduce the harmful effects of quantum dots on the nervous system, alongside the progression of effective treatments for brain‐related conditions. The focal point of this discussion is the BBB and its intricate association with the CNS and neurotoxicology. The discourse commences by recent advancements in the medical application of quantum dots are examined. Subsequently, elucidating the mechanisms through which quantum dots infiltrate the human body and traverse into the brain. Additionally, the discourse delves into the factors that facilitate the passage of quantum dots across the BBB, primarily encompassing the physicochemical properties of quantum dots and the BBB's inherent capacity for self‐permeability alteration. Furthermore, a concluding summary is presented, emphasizing existing research deficiencies and identifying promising avenues for further investigation within this field.
Expanded molecular detection of MPL codon p.W515 and p.S505N mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Miller Eric W. , Lamberson Celeste M. , Akabari Ratilal R. , Nasr Michel R. , Sperber Steven M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients negative for the JAK2 p.V617F somatic variant are frequently reflexed to testing for MPL exon 10 variants. Detection of these variants via multiplexed allele‐specific PCR followed by fragment analysis has been previously published. The present study builds on this concept by improving the detection of the p.W515A variant, adding a second allele‐specific primer to detect the p.W515R variant, and incorporating an improved primer for p.S505N detection.MethodsThe W515 amplification employs 5′‐labeled allele‐specific forward primers to detect p.W515K, p.W515L, p.W515R, and p.W515A. The p.S505N amplification includes an allele‐specific reverse primer with a tail extension. Fragments were subject to capillary electrophoresis on an ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer and analyzed using GeneMapper 6.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific).ResultsThirty MPL‐negative and 13 MPL‐positive samples previously tested by a reference laboratory were tested with the MPL LDT. Results were 100% concordant. The MPL LDT has a limit of detection of at least 5% VAF for the p.W515 variants and 10% VAF for the p.S505N variant.ConclusionCurrent MPL assays are predominantly focused on p.W515L/K and p.S505N mutations. We have engineered an MPL test for detecting p.W515A/L/K/R and p.S505N variants, thereby increasing the diagnostic yield with little additional expense or technician time.