bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Photoproducts from Irradiation of NADH with Near‐UV Light
Authors: Vitinius Ute , Schaffner Kurt , Demuth Martin , Heibel Marija , Selbach Horst 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAdenosine 5′‐diphosphoribose (ADPR) and a second compound, which may be nicotinamide, are the newly discovered photoproducts resulting from irradiation of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β‐NADH) in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm under oxygen‐poor conditions. Both products emerge there even exclusively, whereas, at higher oxygen concentrations, the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is additionally formed, although still as a minor product. The development of ADPR and NAD+ is clearly oxygen‐dependent, while, for the formation of the second photoproduct, small quantities of oxygen appear to be sufficient.
Calculation of the Specific Rate of Catabolic Activity (Ac) from the Heat Flow Rate of Soil Microbial Reactions Measured by Calorimetry: Significance and Applications
Authors: Barros Nieves , Gallego Marta , Feijóo Sergio 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe calculation of parameters involved in the kinetics of the microbial soil reactions linked to the carbon cycle is strongly limited by the methodologies employed. Hence, a mathematical model is proposed to quantify easily the specific rate of catabolic activity Ac by microcalorimetry based on Belaich's model. It permits to quantify Ac from the plots of the heat flow rate vs. time recorded from soil samples amended with glucose. It was applied for several soil samples collected in the Amazon. The results obtained were compared, and statistical and graphical analyses were used to provide the biophysical significance of Ac in soils. Results suggest that Ac could be used as an empirical measure of stress. It correlates positively with the heat yield, YQ/X, of the soil microbial growth reactions, indicating that higher specific rates of catabolic activity cause higher dissipation of energy per unit of cell, yielding less‐efficient metabolic reactions, which could affect negatively the soil quality. It is strongly affected by the initial microbial population and by the percentage of nitrogen in the samples. The statistical analysis also demonstrated that Ac is more sensitive to changing environmental conditions than YQ/X, yielding more‐accurate information about the soil metabolic processes.
Chenoalbicin, a Novel Cinnamic Acid Amide Alkaloid from Chenopodium album
Authors: Cutillo Francesca , D'Abrosca Brigida , DellaGreca Marina , Zarrelli Armando 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe roots of Chenopodium album were infused in MeOH, and the extract was partitioned between AcOEt and H2O. AcOEt‐Soluble material was subjected to different silica‐gel column chromatographies and then purified by reverse‐phase HPLC to afford a new cinnamic acid amide alkaloid as a racemic mixture. The new compound, named chenoalbicin (1), was characterized by extensive spectroscopic investigation, especially 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Its effects on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa L. has been studied. The results are reported as percentage differences of germination, root elongation, and shoot elongation from the control at concentrations ranging from 10−4 to 10−7 M.
Chemistry and Biodiversity: Darwinism, Evolution, and Speciation
Authors: Schwabe Christian 
Published: October 2004

AbstractComplex structures produced by noncatalyzed multi‐step chemical processes must have highly probable origins and assembly routes. Within any frame of reference, life is easily the most‐complex self‐assembled structure known to man. It is not possible to calculate a finite time for biogenesis by statistical mechanics, but the abundance of life makes it reasonable to propose an accelerating principle of nature that naturally shortened the time for cell formation to a billion years or less. This hypothetical principle, which I have called valence‐orbital bias, is thought to be responsible for the discrepancy between statistics and observation, and carries with it, as a conditio sine qua non, multiple origins of life.The new concept resolves the differences between the predictions based on statistical mechanics and the relatively rapid appearance of life during the post‐accretion period. It suggests as well that species and variants, the units of propagation, may also have been the units of evolution. Produced in profusion by chemistry, the origins are culled by natural selection, whereby failure means extinction, not adaptation. Biodiversity, thus, becomes a direct consequence of chemistry without positive feedback from the environment and without a constructive role for mutation.
High‐Throughput Characterisation of Materials by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Atienzar Pedro , Corma Avelino , García Hermenegildo , Serra José M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn automatic system for high‐throughput (HT) characterisation of large libraries of solid materials by photoluminescence spectroscopy is described. The system provides time‐resolved transient emission spectra in the microsecond scale and can be employed for characterisation of materials of interest in the fields of catalysis and electroluminescence, amongst others. Here, we present its application to the optimisation of the ship‐in‐a‐bottle synthesis of a novel electroluminescent polymer (PPV) and a photocatalyst (TP+), both encapsulated in large‐pore zeolites.
Aurora‐C kinase is a novel chromosomal passenger protein that can complement Aurora‐B kinase function in mitotic cells
Authors: Sasai Kaori , Katayama Hiroshi , Stenoien David L. , Fujii Satoshi , Honda Reiko , Kimura Masashi , Okano Yukio , Tatsuka Masaaki , Suzuki Fumio , Nigg Erich A. , Earnshaw William C. , Brinkley William R. , Sen Subrata 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe function of Aurora‐C kinase, a member of the Aurora kinase family identified in mammals, is currently unknown. We present evidence that Aurora‐C, like Aurora‐B kinase, is a chromosomal passenger protein localizing first to centromeres and then to the midzone of mitotic cells. Aurora‐C transcript is expressed at a moderate level albeit about an order of magnitude lower than Aurora‐B transcript in diploid human fibroblasts. The level of Aurora‐C transcript is elevated in several human cancer cell types. Aurora‐C and Aurora‐B mRNA and protein expressions are maximally elevated during the G2/M phase but their expression profiles in synchronized cells reveal differential temporal regulation through the cell cycle with Aurora‐C level peaking after that of Aurora‐B during the later part of the M phase. Aurora‐C, like Aurora‐B, interacts with the inner centromere protein (INCENP) at the carboxyl terminal end spanning the conserved IN box domain. Competition binding assays and transfection experiments revealed that, compared with Aurora‐C, Aurora‐B has preferential binding affinity to INCENP and co‐expression of the two in vivo interferes with INCENP binding, localization, and stability of these proteins. A kinase‐dead mutant of Aurora‐C had a dominant negative effect inducing multinucleation in a dose‐dependent manner. siRNA mediated silencing of Aurora‐C and Aurora‐B also gave rise to multinucleated cells with the two kinases silenced at the same time displaying an additive effect. Finally, Aurora‐C could rescue the Aurora‐B silenced multinucleation phenotype, demonstrating that Aurora‐C kinase function overlaps with and complements Aurora‐B kinase function in mitosis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:249–263, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of pro‐atherogenic adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Peschel Thomas , Niebauer Josef 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAccelerated progression of atherosclerosis in coronary, carotid, cerebral, and peripheral arteries is a phenomenon observed in diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiologic mechanisms are slowly being understood. Pro‐atherogenic adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines are involved in this process. This review addresses current concepts of atherogenesis and focuses on alterations of adhesion molecule and cytokine expression and their regulation in diabetic patients. Molecules are being discussed in both the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic states, with a focus on their atherogenic role in diabetes mellitus. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie disease progression will help to identify high‐risk patients, which is a prerequisite for new treatment strategies aiming at an attenuation of disease progression in diabetic patients. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:78–85, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory immune response on ventilation time after cardiac surgery
Authors: Rothenburger Markus , Tjan Tonny D.T. , Schneider Michael , Berendes Elmar , Schmid Christof , Wilhelm Markus J. , Böcker Dirk , Scheld Hans Heinrich , Soeparwata Rasjid 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundCardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may induce a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which is associated with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The intention of this pilot study was to investigate the influence of the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine responses as well as of released adhesion molecules and endotoxin on the time requirements for assisted postoperative respiration following CPB surgery.MethodsOne hundred consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using CPB were prospectively investigated. Blood levels of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and endotoxins were serially measured at four time points perioperatively.ResultsAll patients survived the observation period. Eighty‐five patients were uneventful (group 1), whereas 15 patients required prolonged ventilation (34.8 ± 9.2 h; group 2). All patients developed a pro‐inflammatory and a compensatory anti‐inflammatory cytokine response. An endotoxin liberation was found in parallel. The prediction of prolonged respirator dependence may be possible at completion of surgery using a combined data pattern analysis, including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐4, endotoxins, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1, age, and cross clamp (x‐clamp) time. Using arbitrary cutoff points improved sensitivity (0.92), specificity (0.90), positive prediction (0.87), and negative prediction (0.85) (all P < 0.02), and the ODD ratio (2.1) was found.ConclusionsCardiac surgery and CPB induces both a pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory immune response. The use of a data pattern instead of several individual parameters seems advantageous for individualized predictions on postoperative recovery in CPB surgery. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:70–74, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pretherapeutic identification of high‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients from immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and clinical parameters
Authors: Valet G. , Repp R. , Link H. , Ehninger A. , Gramatzki M M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of this study concerned the pretherapeutic identification of high‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by data pattern analysis from flow cytometric immunophenotype, cytogenetic, and clinical data.METHODSSixty‐seven parameters of AML patients at diagnosis were classified for predictive information by algorithmic data sieving using iteratively self optimizing triple matrix data pattern analysis (http://www.biochem.mpg.de/valet/classif1.html).RESULTSPretherapeutic predictive values for nonsurvival within five years and two years were 100.0% and 83.2%, respectively, compared to 13.9% and 47.4% for the prediction of survival at five years and two years, respectively. At diagnosis, five‐year nonsurvivors showed increased patient age and higher concentration of cells in the analyzed specimen, as well as increased levels of % CD2, CD4, CD13, CD36, and CD45 positive AML blasts. Two‐year nonsurvivors were characterized by a data pattern of increased patient age and levels of % CD4, CD7, CD11b, CD24, CD45, TH126, and HLA‐DR positive AML blasts and decreased levels of % CD1, CD65, CD95, and TC25 positive AML blasts. Cytogenetic abnormalities were not selected for the optimized discriminatory data patterns.CONCLUSIONSThe comparatively accurate pretherapeutic identification of high‐risk AML patients may prove useful for the development of individualized therapy protocols in stratified clinical patients groups. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:4–10, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein‐losing enteropathy after fontan surgery: Is assessment of risk patients with immunological data possible?
Authors: Lenz Dominik , Hambsch Jörg , Schneider Peter , Tárnok Attila 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundProtein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) is a late complication of the Fontan type surgery for univentricular heart characterized by massive enteric protein loss. The pathogenesis of PLE is not fully understood, and it is unclear why the onset of PLE varies widely and occurs months or even years after surgery. Besides characteristic laboratory findings, a typical cellular feature concerns the almost selective loss of CD4+ lymphocytes at an only slightly changed CD8+ lymphocyte count. The present pilot study aimed to test whether immunological or laboratory parameters differ in patients at risk for PLE.MethodsFrom children (n = 15) with Fontan type circulation, extensive cellular, humoral, and clinical laboratory data were analyzed. Patients without enteric protein loss (group I, n = 8), with transient phases of enteric protein loss in the absence of gastric infections (group II, n = 6), and one PLE patient (group III) were distinguished. The 90 data columns obtained in phases with normal serum protein levels were compared.ResultsClear differences were apparent between patients prior to PLE onset (group III), patients that in at least one occasion exhibited PLE signs (group II), and patients without detectable PLE signs (group I). The most discriminatory parameters between the three patient groups were NK and CD8+TCRαβ+, CD8+TCRγδ+ cell counts, including sL‐selectin, IgE, and Ca2+ (average recognition index = 91.5%, negative/positive prediction/sensitivity/specificity > 83%).ConclusionsThe results of this study seem to provide access to the early detection of PLE patients. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:34–39, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive immunophenotypes: Disease‐related profile in chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Stewart Carleton C. , Cookfair Diane L. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Wende Karl E. , Bell David S. , Warner Carolyn L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence supporting the theory that problems with immune function play an important role in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).MethodsWe studied 90 CFS cases and 50 healthy controls from two different areas of upstate New York to determine whether there were differences in the absolute number and pattern of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T‐cell phenotypes between CFS cases and healthy controls in the two regions. One group was from a small town where a cluster of cases existed; the other was from a large metropolitan area where there was not a known cluster.ResultsThe number of CD56+CD3+CD8+ and CD56+CD3+CD8− cells in cases from the two areas were both significantly elevated over that of controls from the metropolitan area (P < 0.03). The number of CD56+CD3−CD8+ and CD56+CD3−CD8− cells was significantly reduced in the two case groups compared to that of controls from the metropolitan area (P = 0.04). However, controls who were from the same town as the cluster cases had numbers of CD56+CD3+CD8+, CD56+CD3+CD8−, and CD56+CD3−CD8− cells that were more like that of cases than controls. Only the number of CD56+CD3−CD8+ cells (an NK cell subset) was significantly different in cases versus controls from the cluster area (P = 0.022).ConclusionsThese data suggest that differences in controls from cluster and noncluster areas may be responsible for some of the inconsistencies in results from other studies. Furthermore, they suggest the possibility that NK cell function may play an important role in preventing the development of CFS in individuals who live in a community where a cluster of cases have been identified. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:26–33, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Slide‐based cytometry for predicting malignancy in solid salivary gland tumors by fine needle aspirate biopsies
Authors: Gerstner Andreas O. H. , Müller Anne‐Kathrin , Machlitt Julia , Tárnok Attila , Tannapfel Andrea , Weber Anette , Bootz Friedrich 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundTo minimize hospitalization and morbidity for a patient with a solid tumor of a salivary gland, malignancy must be confirmed or excluded as soon as possible. This information cannot be obtained preoperatively by existing standard procedures. Minimal‐invasive approaches with adequate diagnostic analysis represent a promising precondition for optimized therapy.MethodsFor fine needle aspirate biopsies (FNABs), laser scanning cytometry (LSC) offers a semi‐automated slide‐based technology for objective and quantitative analysis. We have established an assay for FNABs from salivary gland tumors. FNAB cells were stained for cytokeratin and DNA followed by LSC analysis. The cells were subsequently HE‐stained and were relocalized on the slide. The LSC analysis quantitatively determines the DNA index (DI) of the tumor cells taking leukocytes as internal DNA diploid standard. Histograms with 0.95 < DI < 1.05 and 1.9 <DI <2.1 were defined as DNA euploid, whereas any other DI was defined as DNA aneuploid. The percentage of cytokeratin positive cells with DI > 2.5 (i.e., 5c exceeding rate, 5cER) was calculated. Samples with DNA aneuploid peaks or with 5cER > 5% were classified as malignant. Routine histopathology was performed as a control.ResultsFNABs from 51 solid salivary gland tumors (41 parotid gland, six submandibular, four parapharyngeal) were analyzed with this assay. Eleven of 14 malignant tumors were DNA aneuploid by LSC analysis. All benign tumors showed diploid DNA content. The positive predictive value for malignancy was 1.0, the negative predictive value was 0.93, the correlation with routine histopathology was highly significant (p = 7.6 × 10‐9, Fisher's exact test). The calculated specificity of LSC analysis was 1.0 and the sensitivity was 0.79.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates the validity of slide‐based cytometry for the preoperative prediction of malignancy in solid tumors being inaccessible for incision biopsy but suitable for FNABs such as those of the parotid gland. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:20–25, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive medicine: Severe trauma and burns
Authors: Babcock George F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSevere trauma and burn injury are often associated with a life‐threatening systemic inflammatory response, only to be followed by severe infections. Although many parameters of the immune system are depressed or altered, only the innate immune system has been directly correlated with infections in these patients. The innate immune system plays an important role in both the inflammatory response and defense against infections. These types of sequelae suggest that at any particular point in time, depending upon the patient status, either a hyperactive or suppressed polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response may be detected. In fact, this dichotomy has been shown to occur in numerous published studies. Cytometry Part B (Clin. Cytometry) 53B:48–53, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for the involvement of neurotrophins in muscle transdifferentiation and acetylcholine receptor transformation in the esophagus of Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− and NT‐3−/− embryos
Authors: Reddy Tyler , Kablar Boris 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe primary aim of our study was to determine whether the esophageal innervation (i.e., vagal and enteric) and the skeletal muscle‐secreted neurotrophins have a role in smooth‐to‐skeletal muscle transdifferentiation and in the muscarinic‐to‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor type transition. To that end, we used genetically engineered embryos and immunohistochemistry. We found that, in the absence of Myf5 and MyoD, the esophageal muscle cells failed to develop the striated phenotype of acetylcholine receptors. In addition, the development of vagal and enteric innervation was delayed in Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− and NT‐3−/− mutants, but it was reestablished 2 days before the end of gestation. The smooth muscle cells in the esophagus appeared to be a distinct subpopulation of cells and their ability to transdifferentiate was based on their competence to express neurotrophins and their receptors. Finally, our data suggest a role for NT‐3 in the esophageal muscle transdifferentiation. Developmental Dynamics 231:683–692, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish IRX1b in the embryonic cardiac ventricle
Authors: Joseph Elaine M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe synchronous contraction of the vertebrate heart requires a conduction system. While coordinated contraction of the cardiac chambers is observed in zebrafish larvae, no histological evidence yet has been found for the existence of a cardiac conduction system in this tractable teleost. The homeodomain transcription factor gene IRX1 has been shown in the mouse embryo to be a marker of cells that give rise to the distinctive cardiac ventricular conduction system. Here, I demonstrate that zebrafish IRX1b is expressed in a restricted subset of ventricular myocytes within the embryonic zebrafish heart. IRX1b expression occurs as the electrical maturation of the heart is taking place, in a location analogous to the initial expression domain of mouse IRX1. The gene expression pattern of IRX1b is altered in silent heart genetic mutant embryos and in embryos treated with the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan. Furthermore, injection of a morpholino oligonucleotide targeted to block IRX1b translation slows the heart rate. Developmental Dynamics 231:720–726, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of heparan sulfate 6‐O‐sulfotransferase isoforms in the mouse embryo suggests distinctive roles during organogenesis
Authors: Sedita Jeff , Izvolsky Konstantin , Cardoso Wellington V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) interactions with secreted morphogens such as fibroblast growth factors, hedgehogs, and Wnts are essential for embryonic development. Formation of biologically relevant HS structures is a result of the coordinated action of various biosynthetic enzymes. HS 6‐O‐sulfotransferases (6OST) catalyze the transfer of sulfate groups to the 6‐O position of glucosamine residues in HS. Three 6OST isoforms have been described in the mouse; however, little is known about their role in generating specific HS protein‐binding sequences, expression pattern, and function in vivo. To gain insights into the distribution of these isoforms and their potential role in development, we mapped 6OST1–3 gene expression during mouse organogenesis. We report dynamic expression of these isoforms with striking differences in tissue distribution in many developing organs. We show that 6OST transcripts are differentially expressed in several sites where heparin‐binding growth factors are critical for development. 6OST1 is predominantly transcribed in epithelial and neural‐derived tissues, whereas 6OST2 is more mesenchymal. 6OST3 appears at later stages and in a more restricted manner. The patterns reported here strongly suggest that the HS structures modified by these enzymes have different roles in growth factor‐induced developmental processes. Developmental Dynamics 231:782–794, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.