bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and modelling of pore water pressure changes and riverbank stability during flow events
Authors: Rinaldi Massimo , Casagli Nicola , Dapporto Stefano , Gargini Alessandro 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPore water pressures (positive and negative) were monitored for four years (1996–1999) using a series of tensiometer‐piezometers at increasing depths in a riverbank of the Sieve River, Tuscany (central Italy), with the overall objective of investigating pore pressure changes in response to ﬂow events and their effects on bank stability.The saturated/unsaturated ﬂow was modelled using a ﬁnite element seepage analysis, for the main ﬂow events occurring during the four‐year monitoring period. Modelling results were validated by comparing measured with computed pore water pressure values for a series of representative events. Riverbank stability analysis was conducted by applying the limit equilibrium method (Morgenstern‐Price), using pore water pressure distributions obtained by the seepage analysis.The simulation of the 14 December 1996 event, during which a bank failure occurred, is reported in detail to illustrate the relations between the water table and river stage during the various phases of the hydrograph and their effects on bank stability. The simulation, according to monitored data, shows that the failure occurred three hours after the peak stage, during the inversion of ﬂow (from the bank towards the river). A relatively limited development of positive pore pressures, reducing the effective stress and annulling the shear strength term due to the matric suction, and the sudden loss of the conﬁning pressure of the river during the initial drawdown were responsible for triggering the mass failure.Results deriving from the seepage and stability analysis of nine selected ﬂow events were then used to investigate the role of the ﬂow event characteristics (in terms of peak stages and hydrograph characteristics) and of changes in bank geometry. Besides the peak river stage, which mainly controls the occurrence of conditions of instability, an important role is played by the hydrograph characteristics, in particular by the presence of one or more minor peaks in the river stage preceding the main one. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
122‐GHz SiGe HBT push‐push oscillator for large‐scale integrated RF‐ and radar‐based sensors
Authors: Steinhauer Matthias , Thiel Michael , Irion Hans , Ruoß Hans‐Oliver 
Published: February 2004

AbstractRF‐ and radar‐based sensors are used in numerous fields of applications with an increasing trend towards mass produced articles. Hence, large‐scale integration is a key component for low‐cost production. For the first time, recent SiGe processes allow the frequency bands beyond 100 GHz to be accessible for this purpose. Initially, the feasibility of key components (for example, oscillators) has to be proven basically for the new processes. Therefore, a SiGe HBT push‐push oscillator has been developed to demonstrate the suitability of this technology for applications in the 122‐GHz ISM frequency band. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 443–444, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20000
Bandwidth analysis in the curved WDM waveguide coupler
Authors: Chen Ye , Joines William T. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe curved WDM waveguide coupler is presented and analyzed in this paper. Compared with the traditional straight coupler, the curved coupler has the advantage of achieving a wider bandwidth. Waveguide theory and the beam propagation method (BPM) are employed to analyze the operation of the couplers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 451–455, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20003
Solution of “switched element” array synthesis problems using the parallel generalized projection algorithm
Authors: Swierczynski Tom , McNamara Derek A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn certain antenna arrays (“switched‐element” arrays), some of the radiating elements are turned on or off during operation to provide some desired reconfigurability at different times, or are effectively turned on or off at different frequencies, through the use of filters connected to groups of radiating elements, in order to retain the same performance over wide‐frequency bands. In such circumstances, the excitations of the elements must be the same, irrespective of whether all or only some of the elements are being used. Thus, one may wish to synthesize an array (that is, determine its element excitations) so that the required performance is obtained under different sets of circumstances. In this paper, we indicate how the use of a parallel approach allows the method of generalized projections to be used for such synthesis problems, and demonstrate its use for a specific example. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 465–471, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20006
Characteristics and potential applications of nonlinear left‐handed transmission lines
Authors: Caloz Christophe , Lin I‐Hsiang , Itoh Tatsuo 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe characteristics of nonlinear left‐handed (NL‐LH) transmission lines (TLs) are discussed for the first time. A LH‐TL with varactor‐diode series capacitance is analyzed in terms of dispersion and nonlinearity characteristics, and its voltage‐wave partial differential equation is derived. Numerical responses of the NL‐LH‐TL to harmonic and pulse waves illustrate the conjoint effects of frequency dispersion and nonlinearity. Potential applications are suggested. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 471–473, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20007
Design of a novel transversal filter
Authors: Jee Ki Mann , Park Dong Chul 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA novel transversal filter using triple‐coupled‐line directional couplers and its design method are proposed. The performance of the proposed filter is verified by full‐wave analysis and measurement. The measured result is compared with the simulated one and good agreement is achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 474–476, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20008
A simple method to determine the time‐step size to achieve a desired dispersion accuracy in ADI‐FDTD
Authors: Sun Guilin , Trueman C. W. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a simple approach to determine the time‐step size required in the alternate‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain (ADI‐FDTD) method in order to obtain a desired numerical dispersion accuracy. The Courant number, the desired dispersion accuracy, and the maximum mesh size Δmax = max(Δx, Δy, Δz) are governed by the numerical dispersion relation, which can be solved by a simple root‐finding algorithm to evaluate the Courant number and hence the time‐step size for a given mesh size and accuracy. The time‐step size is independent of the aspect ratio. To determine if ADI‐FDTD is more efficient than the Yee's FDTD, this paper provides a simple relation to evaluate the relative Courant–Friedrich–Levy number (CFLN) from the Courant number and the aspect ratio. The ADI‐FDTD method is more efficient than Yee's FDTD when the aspect ratio is high or the mesh density is very large. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 487–490, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20012
Compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna on organic magnetic substrate
Authors: Zhong Shun‐Shi , Cui Jun‐Hai , Xue Rui‐Feng , Niu Jun‐Wei 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA novel compact slotted microstrip antenna for circular polarization (CP), using a new type of organic magnetic substrate for the first time, is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is analyzed using the FDTD method and demonstrated by experiment. The measured results of proposed CP square and circular patches show that this new magnetic substrate design not only reduces the antenna's size, but also provides much wider impedance and CP bandwidth. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 497–500, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20014
Conception and realization of an angular optical sensor
Authors: Cherbi L. , Mehenni M. , Aksas R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIn this work, an angular sensor using optical fiber is achieved. The principle of attenuation of the intensity of the luminous wave in the optical fiber (curved to deduct the angle of curvature) is used. A mechanical system controlled by a PC is conceived to simulate the articulation of a human being in order to test the optical sensor on the during various angular displacements of the articulation. According to the variation of this attenuation, a measure of angle is deducted. This process may offer a useful technique for use in functional rehabilitation, which requires a quantification of the angular kinematics of movements. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 500–503, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20015
Dual‐band reconfigurable antenna for wireless communications
Authors: Chen W. H. , Feng Z. H. , Fan M. Y. , Furuya Y. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA novel planar‐reconfigurable dipole antenna on ungrounded dielectric slab with parasitic reflector which has dual‐band and steerable endfire pattern characteristics, is proposed. A prototype is fabricated and both simulated and measured results validate the advantages of this antenna. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 503–505, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20016
Omnidirectional uniplanar elecromagnetically coupled antenna array
Authors: Nesic Aleksandar , Nesic Dusan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA completely new type of simple uniplanar antenna array with omnidirectional pattern is proposed. The antenna consist of three coplanar strips (TCS), a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with finite narrow ground strips, electromagnetically coupled with four pairs of strips which play the role of the radiating elements. A prototype of the proposed antenna array at 10.5‐GHz frequency is simulated, optimized, and realized. The gain is 8 dBi with a practically pure omnidirectional pattern. The concept of this proposed antenna array may be used for frequencies from some hundreds of MHz to about 30 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 516–518, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20020
Design of an exponentially‐tapered TEM horn antenna for the wide broadband communication
Authors: Choi Hyoungjin , Lee Sangseol 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn antenna is designed and realized using exponentially tapered conductor flares for wireless communications. This exponentially tapered structure of the flares decreases the impedance mismatching a lot and reduces the size and cost of the TEM horn. The VSWR of the antenna is less than 2 in the frequency band of 74.4 MHz to 1.19 GHz, and its gain is more than 8.3 dBi over 200 MHz. Those performances show that the designed TEM horn antenna has wide broadband characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 531–534, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20025
Priorities, government institutions and foreign assistance in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Russia
Authors: Davis Christopher , Dickinson Ben 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article argues that for a number of reasons, the Russian state has had limited success in tackling the growing problem of HIV/AIDS. It begins with brief discussions of the health context of HIV/AIDS in the Russian Federation and the development of institutions in Russia post‐1991. It then discusses the attempts that have been made thus far to tackle the HIV/AIDS epidemic, both on the part of the federal government and with the aid of international donor funding. It is argued that a number of factors have contributed to Russia's lack of success in tackling HIV/AIDS. Firstly, the infection has been interpreted as a health problem rather than as a phenomenon which impacts on all aspects of public life. Secondly, there have been weak incentives at the federal level, which has resulted in a lack of a coordinated approach to HIV/AIDS at the national level. Thirdly, there have been regional variations in the autonomy and independence from the federal state impacting on the struggle against HIV in the Russian regions. Evidence from research undertaken by DFID is drawn upon to illustrate these variations in tackling HIV/AIDS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnicity, decentralisation and the fissile state in Georgia
Authors: Jackson Paul 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article addresses the problems entailed in decentralising a successor state of the former Soviet Union. On many different scales, Georgia should be a wealthy country. The population is well educated, there is rich agricultural land, a thriving wine industry, several mineral extraction industries and access to oil. The central argument of this article is that it is governance, or rather the failure of governance that is at the heart of many of Georgia's problems—in particular, a failure over a number of years to find a balance between the considerable ethnic diversity of the country and their aspirations regarding self‐government, and the need for the assertion of central power from Tblisi in occupying the power vacuum left by the demise of the Soviet Union. The structure of the article moves through an analysis of the context of decentralisation, into a brief survey of the major ethnic groups and the nature of the local government system, paying particular attention to the attempts by Tblisi to provide a coherent glue for a state that is liable to break apart. The concept of the ‘fissile state’ is used to convey this brittle context within which institutional reform needs to take place given the pressures from below and the pressures exerted by external actors as Georgia seeks to move closer to the European polity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIV/AIDS, governance and development: the public administration factor
Authors: Moran Dominique 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the literature concerned with the impact of HIV on public administration, looking in particular at projections of the impact of HIV/AIDS on public expenditure, the impact of attrition on the health and education sectors and on the civil service as a whole. ‘Success stories’ such as Uganda and Senegal are discussed through their representation in the literature, and ‘political commitment’ is identified as a critical but under‐theorised factor in tackling HIV. Having taken as its starting point the existing work on HIV and governance, the paper then considers the impact of the epidemic in conditions of state vacuum—conflict situations. The paper concludes that governance is both victim of, and part of the solution to, the problems of HIV/AIDS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpreting reproductive rights: institutional responses to the agenda in the 1990s
Authors: Zhang Heather Xiaoquan , Locke Catherine 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article reviews the way in which three very different international organisations concerned with reproductive health policy responded to the reproductive rights agenda during the 1990s. The intention is not to evaluate these responses but to describe how these organisations saw their roles with respect to establishing and promoting reproductive rights in developing countries. We seek to explore their different strategies of defining and interpreting rights, to examine the imperatives behind these strategies and to consider how these variously fed into the practical actions and agendas with which these organisations were engaged. The organisations included were the Women's Global Network for Reproductive Rights, the International Federation of Family Planning Associations and the UK's Department for International Development. Their diverse understandings about implementing reproductive rights contribute to a plural political environment in which these rights and their interpretation are debated. For all the three, their particular conception of reproductive rights is an important organising principle through which their efforts around reproductive health are given wider meaning. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The politics of action on AIDS: a case study of Uganda
Authors: Putzel James 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article examines the political dimensions of Uganda's progress in bringing a generalised HIV/AIDS epidemic under control. The article documents the history of the political processes involved in Uganda's battle against HIV/AIDS and analyses the complexities of presidential action and the relation between action at the level of the state and that taken within societal organisations. By the mid‐1980s, Uganda was experiencing a full‐blown epidemic, the virulence of which was connected with social dislocation and insecurity related to economic crisis and war. Political authorities faced the same challenge as other regimes experiencing the onslaught of AIDS in Africa. The epidemiological characteristics of HIV and AIDS—transmission through heterosexual activities, with a long gestation period, affecting people in the prime of their productive life—meant that action required wide‐reaching changes in sexual behaviour, and the educational activities to achieve this, as well as relatively complex systems to monitor the virus and control medical practices (blood supplies, injection practices, mitigating drug delivery). The centralist character of the Museveni regime was crucial not only to mobilising state organisations and foreign aid resources, but also to ensuring significant involvement from non‐state associations and religious authorities. The Ugandan experience demonstrates that there is a tension between the requirements for systematic action that a strong public authority can deliver and the need to disseminate information requiring a degree of democratic openness. The President was able to forge a coalition behind an HIV/AIDS campaign in part because the virus largely ignored the privileges of wealth and political power. With the development of antiretroviral therapy and the access that the wealthy can gain to these drugs, this basis for the broadest possible coalition to fight HIV/AIDS may be weakened in the future. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who controls the machine, III: accountability in the results‐based revolution
Authors: Mathiason John R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFollowing up on two previous analyses of the efforts of Member States to solve the problems of command and control in the United Nations and its organisations, the article focuses on the latest effort, the institution of results‐based budgeting. The approach as applied to assessed budgets is critical for the maintenance of support of major contributors to the United Nations and other international organisations. After reviewing the problems inherent in previous efforts at using programme planning to control the organisation and make it accountable, the article focuses on the use of monitoring and evaluation as means of holding organisations accountable for producing results and on the conditions necessary for this to be effective. It argues that refocusing the work of the Committee for Programme and Coordination and the Office of Internal Oversight Services as its independent secretariat could make the results‐based revolution work and Member States finally to control the machine. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and flame retardancy of methacrylated phosphate/diphosphate
Authors: Zhu Shengwu , Shi Wenfang 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMethacrylated phosphate (MAP) and diphosphate (MADP) and were synthesized using diethylphosphoric acid and glycidyl methacrylate, and were characterized by FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis. The thermostability and combustion behaviours of UV‐cured MAP, MADP and their blend films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter tests. The results obtained have shown that the samples containing a higher percentage of MAP exhibit relatively lower thermostability at lower temperatures while higher thermostability at elevated temperatures and more char was formed compared with those containing lower percentage of MAP. The average heat release rate (HRR), the smoke extinction area (SEA) and the total smoke production (TSP) during combustion decreased by increasing the MPA content in the films. The LOI values increased from 26.8 to 28.5 by increasing the content of MADP, which depended on the increasing gel content of the UV‐cured films. Compared with MADP, MAP was better in a real fire as it displayed lower HRR, SEA and TSP values, although the LOI was lower than that of MADP. These new compounds can effectively improve flame retardancy if used as components in UV‐curing formulations. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Cibacron Blue F3GA‐attached magnetic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) beads for human serum albumin adsorption
Authors: Odabaşı Mehmet , Denizli Adil 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn affinity dye ligand, Cibacron Blue F3GA, was covalently attached onto magnetic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (mPHEMA) beads for human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption from both aqueous solutions and human plasma. The mPHEMA beads, in the size range of 80 to 120 µm, were prepared by a modified suspension technique. Cibacron Blue F3GA molecules were incorporated on to the mPHEMA beads. The maximum amount of Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment was obtained as 68.3 µmol g−1. HSA adsorption onto unmodified and Cibacron Blue F3GA‐attached mPHEMA beads was investigated batchwise. The non‐specific adsorption of HSA was very low (1.8 mg g−1). Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment onto the beads significantly increased the HSA adsorption (94.5 mg g−1). The maximum HSA adsorption was observed at pH 5.0. Higher HSA adsorption was observed from human plasma (138.3 mg HSA g−1). Desorption of HSA from Cibacron Blue F3GA‐attached mPHEMA beads was obtained by using 0.1 M Tris/HCl buffer containing 0.5 M NaSCN. High desorption ratios (up to 98% of the adsorbed HSA) were observed. It was possible to re‐use Cibacron Blue F3GA‐attached mPHEMA beads without any significant decreases in their adsorption capacities. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry