bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of factors associated with early postoperative stiffness in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
Authors: Guo Allen A. , Ting Ryan S. , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A. C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative stiffness affects up to 20% of patients following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Recent evidence indicates that early postoperative stiffness may associated with lower retear rates. This study aimed to identify the independent predictors of early postoperative stiffness.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1526 rotator cuff repairs was performed. Range of motion at 6‐week postop was used to identify stiff patients. Stiffness was defined as external rotation <27.5o or forward flexion <145o. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of 6‐week stiffness.ResultsThe independent predictors for external rotation stiffness at 6‐week postop were more recent cases (Wald = 60), restricted preoperative external rotation (Wald = 36), younger age (Wald = 21) and poorer surgeon‐ranked tissue quality (Wald = 15). The independent predictors for forward flexion stiffness were more recent cases (Wald = 101), restricted preoperative forward flexion (Wald = 16) and external rotation (Wald = 13) and female patients (Wald = 12). All patients that developed early postoperative stiffness had recovered range of motion by 6 months to preoperative levels (P < 0.0001). A significantly greater proportion of younger patients (40–49) developed postoperative stiffness when compared to older patients aged 50–59 (P < 0.0062), 70–79 (P < 0.0126) and 80–89 (P < 0.004). Patients that retore had significantly greater average 6‐week postoperative range of motion.ConclusionsPatients earlier in the study were found to have greater postoperative range of motion, which coincided with a more aggressive rehabilitation program with less immobilization. Thus, the data supports the hypothesis that a temporary period of shoulder stiffness facilitates tendon repair and ultimately a better outcome post rotator cuff repair.
Clinical characteristics of acute lacosamide poisoning: Pavia Poison Control Centre experience
Authors: Bernasconi Lucia , Schicchi Azzurra , Petrolini Valeria M. , Malovini Alberto , Lonati Davide , Fassio Federico , Buscaglia Eleonora , Scaravaggi Giulia , Crema Francesca , Locatelli Carlo A. 
Published: November 2023

AimsLacosamide is a third‐generation antiepileptic drug used as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures. Since its approval in 2008 very few cases of lacosamide overdose have been described in literature. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of acute lacosamide poisoning.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed including all cases of acute lacosamide poisoning referred to Pavia Poison Control Centre from January 2012 to December 2021. For each patient age, sex, ingested dose, coingestants, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome were collected.ResultsA total of 31 subjects (median age 39 years, [interquartile range: 26.5–46.5]; females 22/31) were included. The median lacosamide ingested dose was 1500 mg [650–2800]. In 35.5% of cases lacosamide was the single ingested substance, while in 64.5% coingestants were also present. Coingestants varied from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 3, with the more common being benzodiazepines and valproic acid. Clinical manifestations were present in 87% patients the most common were: vomiting (29%); seizures (29%), coma (25.8%), drowsiness (25.8%), confusion (12.9%), agitation (12.9%), tachycardia (12.9%), tremors (9.7%), bradycardia (9.7%), headache (6.5%) and hypertension (3.2%). The median lacosamide ingested dose was significantly higher in patients that experienced coma compared to patient who did not (2800 vs. 800 mg; P = .0082). Orotracheal intubation was necessary in 32.3% of patients. All patients fully recovered.ConclusionLacosamide acute overdose may lead to a severe clinical picture. Dentral nervous system symptoms predominated, particularly seizures and coma occurred in a high percentage of cases.
The application of a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis of Castleman disease and Castleman‐like lymphadenopathies: A 20‐year retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological features
Authors: Pelliccia Sabrina , Rogges Evelina , Cardoni Antonello , Lopez Gianluca , Conte Esmeralda , Faccini Anna Laura , De Vito Rita , Girardi Katia , Bianchi Antonella , Annibali Ombretta , Fratoni Stefano , Remotti Daniele , De Angelis Gioia , Giordano Carla , Palumbo Giovanna , Scarpino Stefania , Del Porto Flavia , Bianchi Maria Paola , Di Gregorio Francesca , Tafuri Agostino , Di Napoli Arianna 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundCastleman disease (CD) comprises a group of rare and heterogeneous haematological disorders, including unicentric (UCD) and multicentric (MCD) forms, the latter further subdivided into HHV8‐MCD, POEMS‐MCD and idiopathic‐MCD (iMCD). However, according to the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network guidelines, the diagnosis of CD can only be achieved through collaboration between clinicians and pathologists.MethodsWe applied these clinical and pathological criteria and implement with clonality testing to a retrospective cohort of 48 adult and paediatric Italian patients diagnosed with reactive lymphadenitis with CD‐like histological features.ResultsWe confirmed the diagnosis of CD in 60% (29/48) of the cases, including 12 (41%) UCD and 17 (59%; five HHV8‐MCD, three POEMS‐MCD and nine iMCD) MCD. Of the remaining 19 cases (40%) with multiple lymphadenopathy, 5 (26%) were classified as autoimmune diseases, 1 (5%) as autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorder, 1 (5%) as IgG4‐related disease, 11 (83%) as reactive lymphadenitis and 1 (5%) as nodal marginal zone lymphoma.ConclusionsOur study emphasizes the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to reactive lymphadenitis with CD‐like features in order to achieve a definitive diagnosis and choose the appropriate treatment.
Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends of penile cancer: a global population‐based study
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Sze Chai , Pang Wing Sze , Liu Xianjing , Zhang Lin , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi‐Jie , Ng Anthony Chi‐Fai , Necchi Andrea , Spiess Philippe E. , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Wong Martin C.S. ,   Global Society of Rare Genitourinary Tumors (GSRGT)
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the global disease burden and country‐specific trends of penile cancer incidence by age group and investigate its associations with several factors.Materials and MethodsThe Global Cancer Observatory database was interrogated for penile cancer incidence. The 10‐year cancer incidence rates were collected from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus. The country‐specific data were extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Disease databases for conducting risk factors analysis. The penile cancer incidence was presented using age‐standardised rates. Its associations with various factors were examined by linear regression, while the incidence trend was estimated using joinpoint regression and presented as average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups.ResultsThere were an estimated 36 068 new cases of penile cancer in 2020. There was a considerable geographical disparity in the disease burden of penile cancer, with South America reporting the highest incidence. Overall, alcohol drinking, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and unsafe sex were positively associated with a higher penile cancer incidence, while circumcision was found to be a protective factor. There has been a mixed trend in penile cancer incidence overall, but an increasing trend was found among younger males.ConclusionsThere was a global variation in the penile cancer burden associated with prevalence of alcohol drinking, HIV infection, unsafe sex, and circumcision. The increasing penile cancer incidence in the younger population is worrying and calls for early detection and preventive interventions.
Mandatory minimum sentencing and its effect on sentencing distributions: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Penney Jeffrey , Lehrer Steven , Galan Emilia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhether judges and prosecutors should be given full discretionary power in sentencing or mandatory minimum sentences be imposed remains a fiercely debated topic. In this paper, we examine the impact of Canada's 2005 introduction of minimum sentences on sexual offences against children and child pornography on the distribution of sentence lengths using administrative data containing the universe of these offences that occurred between 2003 and 2007. We find that the average sentence length for affected crimes at times increased by substantially more than the newly imposed minimum, and effects of the policy appear even in the middle and upper portions of the sentencing distribution. These increases occur immediately following the policy change, signalling that judges and prosecutors quickly change their sentencing behaviour after the implementation of mandatory minimum sentences. These lengthier sentences have significant implications for the estimation of the fiscal costs of minimum sentencing policies.
Dry eye symptoms and signs in United States Gulf War era veterans with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Sanchez Victor , Kim Colin K. , Locatelli Elyana V. T. , Cohen Adam K. , Cabrera Kimberly , Aenlle Kristina , Klimas Nancy G. , O'Brien Robert , Galor Anat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo examine ocular symptoms and signs of veterans with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) diagnosis, ME/CFS symptoms, and controls.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional study of 124 South Florida veterans in active duty during the Gulf War era. Participants were recruited at an ophthalmology clinic at the Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital and evaluated for a diagnosis of ME/CFS, or symptoms of ME/CFS (intermediate fatigue, IF) using the Canadian Consensus criteria. Ocular symptoms were assessed via standardised questionnaires and signs via comprehensive slit lamp examination. Inflammatory blood markers were analysed and compared across groups.ResultsMean age was 55.1 ± 4.7 years, 88.7% identified as male, 58.1% as White, and 39.5% as Hispanic. Ocular symptoms were more severe in the ME/CFS (n = 32) and IF (n = 48) groups compared to controls (n = 44) across dry eye (DE; Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI]: 48.9 ± 22.3 vs. 38.8 ± 23.3 vs. 19.1 ± 17.8, p < 0.001; 5 item Dry Eye Questionnaire [DEQ‐5]: 10.8 ± 3.9 vs. 10.0 ± 4.6 vs. 6.6 ± 4.2, p < 0.001) and pain‐specific questionnaires (Numerical Rating Scale 1‐10 [NRS] right now: 2.4 ± 2.8 vs. 2.4 ± 2.9 vs 0.9 ± 1.5; p = 0.007; Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory modified for the Eye [NPSI‐E]: 23.0 ± 18.6 vs. 19.8 ± 19.1 vs. 6.5 ± 9.0, p < 0.001). Ocular surface parameters and blood markers of inflammation were generally similar across groups.ConclusionIndividuals with ME/CFS report increased ocular pain but similar DE signs, suggesting that mechanisms beyond the ocular surface contribute to symptoms.
Accuracy and patient‐centered results of marker‐based and marker‐free registrations for dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhu Jingxian , Sun Wei , Li Lei , Li Honglei , Zou Yujie , Huang Bin , Ji Wei , Shi Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare implant placement accuracy and patient‐centered results between the dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgeries (d‐CAISs) using marker‐based and marker‐free registration methods.Materials and MethodsA double‐armed, single‐blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which 34 patients requiring single implant placement at the esthetic zone were randomly assigned to the marker‐based (n = 17) or marker‐free (n = 17) groups. The marker‐based registration was performed using a splint containing radiopaque markers, while the marker‐free registration used natural teeth. The primary outcome assessed implant positioning accuracy via angular and linear deviations between preoperative and postoperative implant positions in CBCT. Patients were also surveyed about the intraoperative experience and oral health impact profile (OHIP).ResultsThe global linear deviations at the implant platform (0.82 ± 0.28 and 0.85 ± 0.41 mm) and apex (1.28 ± 0.34 and 0.85 (IQR: 0.64–1.50) mm) for the marker‐based and marker‐free groups respectively showed no significant difference. However, the angular deviation of the marker‐free group (2.77 ± 0.92) was significantly lower than the marker‐based group (4.28 ± 1.58). There was no significant difference in the mean postoperative OHIP scores between the two groups (p = .758), with scores of 2.74 ± 1.21 for marker‐based and 2.93 ± 2.18 for marker‐free groups, indicating mild oral health‐related impairment in both. Notably, patients in the marker‐free group showed significantly higher satisfaction (p = .031) with the treatment procedures.ConclusionsD‐CAIS with a marker‐free registration method for single implantation in the anterior maxilla has advantages in improving implant placement accuracy and patients' satisfaction, without generating a significant increase in clinical time and expenses.
Information acquisition and dissemination among a sample of people who inject drugs in Australia
Authors: Sutherland Rachel , Peacock Amy , Crawford Sione , Holly Carol , Gava Peta , Dicka Jane , Manu Geoff , Byrne Jude 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis paper examines the acquisition and dissemination of harm reduction information among people who inject drugs, as well as preferred sources of information.MethodsData were obtained from 862 people who inject drugs, recruited from Australian capital cities for the 2021 Illicit Drug Reporting System. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess potential factors associated with knowledge sharing.ResultsAlmost two‐fifths (37%) reported that they had received information about how to keep themselves safe when using drugs within the past 6 months. Reporting on their last occasion of receiving information, participants stated that it was commonly about injecting practices (56%), overdose prevention (26%) and injection‐related injuries (22%), and was mostly received from an alcohol and other drug worker (54%), followed by other health professional (24%) and social network (18%). Among those who reported receiving information, 50% shared this information with other people, predominantly with their social network: no factors were found to be significantly associated with sharing information. The majority reported that peer workers and/or people with lived experience would be the first person they would talk to for information about a range of topics (e.g., injecting/harm reduction practices, overdose prevention).Discussion and ConclusionsTwo in five participants had recently obtained information about how to keep themselves safe while using drugs, with half sharing this information with their social network. Peer workers were the preferred source of information, suggesting that the peer educator workforce should be expanded to embrace the capacities and expertise of people who inject drugs.
Estimation of integrated price elasticities for alcohol and tobacco in the United Kingdom using the living costs and food survey 2006–2017
Authors: Pryce Robert , Wilson Luke B. , Gillespie Duncan , Angus Colin , Morris Damon , Brennan Alan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionEvidence shows that price is an important policy lever in reducing consumption of alcohol and tobacco. However, there is little evidence of the cross‐price effect between alcohol and tobacco.MethodsThis paper uses an econometric model which estimates participation and consumption elasticities, on data from the UK Living Costs and Food Survey 2006–2017 and extends the literature by, for the first time, estimating joint price elasticities for disaggregated alcohol and tobacco products. This paper presents new price elasticities and compares them to the existing literature.ResultsThe own‐price elasticity estimates are all negative for both participation and consumption. There is no pattern to the estimates of cross‐price elasticities. The elasticity estimates, when used in the Sheffield Tobacco and Alcohol Policy Model, produce bigger changes in consumption for the same change in price compared to other elasticity estimates in the existing literature.Discussion and ConclusionsConsumption of alcohol and tobacco are affected by the prices of one another. Policymakers should bear this in mind when devising alcohol or tobacco pricing policies.
A model‐informed approach to accelerate the clinical development of cofrogliptin (HSK7653), a novel ultralong‐acting dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor
Authors: Cui Cheng , Cao Fangrui , Kong Iok Ian , Wu Qinghe , Li Fangqiong , Li Haiyan , Liu Dongyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo employ a model‐informed drug development approach in facilitating decision making and expediting the clinical progress of cofrogliptin (HSK7653), a novel ultralong‐acting dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) via a biweekly dosing regimen.MethodsFirstly, a population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PopPKPD) model was developed using PK and PD data from a single ascending dose study to simulate the PK and PD time profiles of HSK7653 after multiple doses. Secondly, model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) was performed on published clinical studies of Eastern Asian subjects for all DPP‐4 inhibitors. We hypothesized a consistent relationship between PK and DPP‐4 inhibition in both healthy individuals and in those with T2D, establishing a quantitative correlation between DPP‐4 inhibition and HbA1c. Finally, the predicted PK/DPP‐4 inhibition/HbA1c profiles were validated by T2D patients in late clinical trials.ResultsThe PK/DPP‐4 inhibition/HbA1c profiles of T2D patients treated with HSK7653 matched the modelled data. Our PopPKPD and MBMA models predict multiple ascending dosing PK and PD characteristics from single ascending dosing data, as well as the long‐term efficacy in T2D patients, based on healthy subjects.ConclusionsSuccessful waiver approval for the phase 2b dose‐finding study was achieved through model‐informed recommendations, facilitating the clinical development of HSK7653 and other DPP‐4 inhibitors.
Factors that determine glucose variability, defined by the coefficient of variation in continuous glucose monitoring values, in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wen Xi , Yang Huijun , Yang Man , Tao Wenyu , Chen Jiaoli , Zhao Shanshan , Yin Mingliu , Zhou Xing , Yang Ying , Li Yiping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo elucidate the clinical determinants of the coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose by analysing the pancreatic β‐cell function of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 716 Chinese subjects with T2DM were included. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to assess blood glucose, and the CV was calculated. C‐peptide concentration at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 hours (Cp0h, Cp0.5h, Cp1h, Cp2h and Cp3h, respectively) was measured after a standard 100‐g steamed bun meal test to assess pancreatic β‐cell function. The determinants of glucose variability defined by the CV of CGM values were explored from two perspectives: the CV of qualitative variables and the CV of quantitative variables.ResultsOur data revealed that C‐peptide concentration (Cp0h, Cp0.5h, Cp1h, Cp2h, Cp3h), area under the curve for C‐peptide concentration at 0.5 and 3 hours (AUC‐Cp0.5h and AUC‐Cp3h) decreased with increasing CV quartile (P < 0.05). The CV was negatively correlated with homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function index, C‐peptide concentration at all timepoints, and AUC‐Cp0.5h and AUC‐Cp3h (P < 0.001). Quantile regression analysis showed that AUC‐Cp0.5h had an overall negative effect on the CV in the 0.05 to 0.95 quartiles, and AUC‐Cp3h tended to have a negative effect on the CV in the 0.2 to 0.65 quartiles. After adjusting for confounders, multinomial logistic regression showed that each 1‐unit increase in AUC‐Cp0.5h was associated with a 31.7% reduction in the risk of unstable glucose homeostasis (CV > 36%; P = 0.036; odds ratio 0.683; 95% confidence interval 0.478‐0.976). We also identified the AUC‐Cp0.5h (0.735 ng/mL) and AUC‐Cp3h (13.355 ng/mL) cut‐off values for predicting unstable glucose homeostasis (CV >36%) in T2DM subjects.ConclusionOur study suggests that impaired pancreatic β‐cell function may be a clinical determining factor of CV of glucose in people with T2DM.
How to improve tax compliance by wealthy individuals? Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Santoro Fabrizio , Waiswa Ronald 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotivationAppropriately taxing the richest is a priority for African governments, which need tax revenues to invest and pay for public services. In Uganda, the revenue authority launched a unit in 2015 to monitor the tax affairs of high‐net‐worth individuals (HNWIs) and very important persons (VIPs), 393 individuals in all. The unit combined persuasion, assistance, and enforcement.PurposeTo establish the extent to which the unit was able to improve tax compliance by the rich.Methods and approachIn collaboration with the Uganda Revenue Authority, this study builds on taxpayer‐level data on tax filing and payment. The analysis employs a standard difference‐in‐difference framework, exploiting the timing of the launch of the unit (September 2015). It also makes use of the existence of the target group of 393 wealthy individuals and a group of another 1,731 potentially wealthy individuals who have been identified but never included in the unit's operations owing to limited resources. We match the groups using a propensity score algorithm.FindingsThe unit has been only partially successful. While the unit increased the probability of filing a return, especially by VIPs, taxpayers declared less on different measures, with no impacts on tax liability. On tax payments, only a small and significant positive impact was found, again due to complex offsetting responses across tax categories. This study also measures the spillover effect on companies controlled by the richest—again documenting complex compensating reactions and no meaningful impacts on tax take. Lastly, while deterrence is more effective for HNWIs, taxpayer assistance and public shaming are more relevant for VIPs.Policy implicationsThis case shows that the rich can be identified and their tax monitored. It also shows the limits of what can be achieved. The Uganda unit lacked staff; it needed twice as many people to monitor the tax of wealthy persons adequately. Moreover, it was hamstrung by the difficulties of sharing data between different departments of the Tax Authority, among government agencies, and between government and key agents such as banks. Ultimately, the unit did not have the staff and data to challenge the tax avoidance schemes deployed by wealthy people and the companies they own.