bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Function is Altered in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Richerson Wesley T. , Meier Timothy B. , Cohen Alexander D. , Wang Yang , Goodman Max J. , Schmit Brian D. , Wolfgram Dawn F. 
Published: November 2023

Key Points

Hemodialysis patients have impaired cerebrovascular reactivity.Hemodialysis patients have cerebral structural deficits.

Background
Hemodialysis patients have declines in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygenation during hemodialysis that may lead to ischemic brain injury. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) may indicate which individuals are more susceptible to intradialytic hypoperfusion and ischemia. We hypothesized that hemodialysis patients would have decreased CVR and increased CBF relative to controls and deficits in CVR would be related to brain structural deficits.

Methods
We measured cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume from T1 and T2 fluid attenuation inversion recovery images, respectively; CVR from a breath hold blood oxygen level–dependent CVR functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); and arterial transit time and CBF from arterial spin labeling. Cerebrovascular and structural deficits in gray matter and white matter (GM and WM) were tested by averaging across the tissue and with a pothole analysis. Finally, we correlated cortical thickness and WMH volume with GM and WM cerebrovascular variables to assess the relationship between brain structure and cerebrovascular health.

Results
In ten hemodialysis patients, cortical thickness was found to be decreased (P = 0.002), WMH volume increased (P = 0.004), and WM CBF increased (P = 0.02) relative to ten controls. Pothole analysis indicated a higher number of increased GM and WM CBF voxels (P = 0.03, P = 0.02) and a higher number of decreased GM and WM CVR voxels (P = 0.02, P = 0.01).

Conclusions
This pilot study demonstrates that hemodialysis patients have decreased CVR and increased CBF relative to controls, along with reduced brain integrity. Further investigation is required to fully understand whether these cerebrovascular deficits may lead to structural changes.
Neurofinance: Exploratory Analysis Stock Trader's Decision-Making Process by Real-Time Monitoring of Emotional Reactions
Authors: Hsu Hsin-Tzu , Lobo Marques João Alexandre 
Published: November 2023

Human emotions can be associated with decision-making, and emotions can generate behaviors. Due to the fact that it could be biased and exhaustively complex to examine how human beings make choices, it is necessary to consider relevant groups of study, such as stock traders and non-traders in finance. This work aims to analyze the connection between emotions and the decision-making process of investors and non-investors submitted to the same set of stimuli to understand how emotional arousal might dictate the decision process. Neuroscience monitoring tools such as Real-Time Facial Expression Analysis (AFFDEX), Eye-Tracking, and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) were adopted to monitor the related experiments of this paper and its accompanying analysis process. Thirty-seven participants attended the study, 24 were classified as stock traders, and 13 were non-traders; the mean age for the groups was 35 and 25, respectively. The designed experiment initially disclosed a thought-provoking result between the two groups under the certainty and risk-seeking prospect theory; there were more risk-takers among non-investors at 75%, while investors were inclined toward certainty at 79.17%. The implication could be that the non-investing individuals were less complex in thought and therefore pursued higher returns besides a high probability of losing the game. In addition, the automatic emotion classification system indicates that when non-investors confronted a stock trending chart beyond their acquaintance or knowledge, they were psychologically exposed to fear, anger, sadness, and surprise. On the contrary, investors were detected with disgust, joy, contempt, engagement, sadness, and surprise, where sadness and surprise overlapped in both parties. Under time pressure conditions, 54.05% of investors or non-investors tend to make decisions after the peak(s) of emotional arousal. Variations were found in the deciding points of the slopes: 2.70% were decided right after the peak(s), 37.84% waited until the emotions turned stable, and 13.51% were determined as the emotional indicators started to slide downwards. Several combinations of emotional responses were associated with decisions. For example, negative emotions could induce passive decision-making, in this case, to sell the stock; nevertheless, it was also examined that as the slope slipped downwards to a particular horizontal point, the individuals became more optimistic and selected the "BUY" option. Future works may consider expanding the study to larger sample size, different demographic groups, and other biometrics for further analysis and conclusions.
From Academic Design Science Research to Start-up: Building a Digital Platform Ecosystem to Promote a Sustainable Knowledge Co-Creating Community
Authors: Schmitt Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

As the new digital era is accompanied by accelerating change, people as well as institutions need to adapt and transform. Crucial for their success is how well leaders can cultivate the absorption and sharing of knowledge as a resource and its integration into the organisational endeavours. Innovative system designs may prove vital to providing crucial support.
Based on a prior academic design science research project and published outputs, a recently established start-up aims to create a digital community platform for knowledge co-creation to serve members with diverse ambitions and potentials in their personal and collaborative contexts. The digital platform ecosystem follows a novel knowledge management approach by favouring personalization, mobility, generativity, and entropy reduction. How to sustainably address the inherent system complexities and scaling needs in an entrepreneurial environment known for short iterative cycles of minimum viable developments have proven to be an expected challenge, closely followed by the limited power of academic detail and lingo to create enthusiasm in start-up spaces where attention slots are measured in pitch decks and elevator rides.
This paper looks at this particular case and at the lessons learnt in the transition phase from academia to a business incubation space and, hence, aims to contribute to the discourse between scholars, practitioners, and clients on how digital entrepreneurship and innovation spaces may be best served for mutual benefit.
Technological vs. Non-Technological Mindsets: Learning From Mistakes, and Organizational Change Adaptability to Remote Work
Authors: Kucharska Wioleta , Kucharski Maciej 
Published: November 2023

The permanent implementation of the change in working methods, e.g., working in the virtual space, is problematic for some employees and, as a result, for management leaders. To explore this issue deeper, this study assumes that mindset type: technological vs. non-technological, may influence the organizational adaptability to change. Moreover, the key interest of this research is how non-technological mindsets adapt to remote work in the long run. Based on the OLS regression (SPSS PROCESS), authors analyze three data sets gathered via the questionnaire distributed using the CAWI method among Polish knowledge workers; the first data set was gathered in December 2019 before the COVID-19 crisis, and the next in 2021 and 2022. Findings revealed that before COVID-19, high intensity of contacts via technology-supported change adaptability only for the IT industry. Results obtained two and three years later exposed that interactions via technology also increased the change adaptability in other sectors. This study confirms that the technological environment can change the employee mindset. Nevertheless, at the same time, the adaptability process can be prolonged and complex even for highly educated knowledge workers’ groups. Since there is no development without technology today - patience and long-run perspective thinking are recommended to achieve sustainable growth. It is critical. Adaptation to technology-dominated virtual workspaces must continue, even if this is problematic for non-technological mindsets; abandoning this idea will only make the inevitable transformation longer and more challenging. Collective intelligence creation requires inclusion and patience instead of exclusion of those who face problems or abandonment of change when facing implementation problems rooted in mindsets.
What are the drivers of competence management?
Authors: GAUDENS Lisa , Davies Muriel , Buisine Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Globalization and technological transformations emphasize the need for developing new skills and acting at the peak of one’s capacities. Competence is defined as the combination of external and individual resources to fulfill one’s job demands and contribute to the organization’s purpose. It corresponds to feeling effective and efficient in one’s actions. As such, competence is one of the basic psychological needs, according to self-determination theory. In this paper we focus on diagnosing the drivers of competence in order to implement transformations in a specific organization to improve the use of existing resources, stimulate the development of skills and increase performance. The study was conducted in a major French company from the energy sector. We re-analyzed the corpus of an annual survey gathering the perception of about 11,000 respondents representing all job categories and all hierarchical levels. We conducted a Principal Component Analysis followed by multiple regressions in order to identify the predictors of feeling competent. The first analysis shows that the data could be summarized in 5 key indicators: 1. Involvement and trust in the unit, 2. Team management, 3. Meaningfulness at work, 4. Working conditions, 5. Organization and cooperation. We observed that the item addressing the feeling of competence showed high correlation with the third dimension related to meaningfulness, which further highlights the importance of competence for self-accomplishment. The next step was to search for the drivers of feeling competent in several job categories. The results show that production and maintenance exhibit very different profiles. The only common driver appears to be the role of the manager in developing employee’s skills. For production employees, feeling competent is mainly linked to external resources (unit organization and social identification) whereas for maintenance employees, feeling competent rather depends on individual resources (work content, professional development). Beyond the design of custom interventions based on the specific needs of each job category, this study emphasizes that there is no unique solution for managing competence and that the key to performance and fulfilment should be found in careful analysis of the organization and its members.
A Conceptual bridge where critical reflexivity meets the leadership warrior mystique archetype
Authors: Msweli Pumela 
Published: November 2023

The objective of this paper is to present a conceptual integration of critical reflexivity and leadership archetype theory to capture the traits and characteristics of leaders leading in extreme contexts. Casting a historiometric glance at wars, battles and conflicts led by women warriors alongside their men in Africa during the trans-Atlantic trade period in the 15th to the 19th century, this paper argues that there is no context where leadership qualities are more discernible and pivotal than in extreme contexts. The paper offers the dance metaphor and archetypes as a theoretical bridge and a tool to problematise leadership performance in extreme contexts. Dance as an operative metaphor makes visible the invisible virtuosity of a leader. The paper builds an argument that dance mobilises a visual expression of mental, emotional, spiritual and physical reflexivity. Epistemically, the paper take a stance that the warrior mystique archetypical energy of an effective leader is relative, and is imprinted in a leader’s “inner theatre” within cultural contexts facilitated by reflexivity capabilities. The paper concludes by demonstrating the contingent and fluid nature of leadership in extreme contexts, and how its practices enable the development of a special kind of nimbleness, agility, kinetic, intuitive, visual, mystique warrior leadership capabilities, required to lead influentially and impactfully in transformative and liberating ways.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENGHAMBATAN ENZIM α-AMILASE DARI ALGA (Eucheuma spinosum)
Authors: Mames Nadya P.P. , Suryanto Edi , Momuat Lidya Irma 
Published: November 2023

Di Indonesia alga merupakan spesies yang sudah dibudidayakan dan digunakan sebagai bahan pangan sumber karagenan dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan aktivitas enzim α-amilase dari alga yang diekstraksi dengan metode sokletasi menggunakan pelarut petrolium eter, etil asetat, etanol dan metanol. Ekstrak alga diuji kandungan total fenolik, aktivitas penyerapan glukosa secara in-vitro dan aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-amilase. Hasil analisis kandungan fenolik adalah ekstrak etil asetat (EEA) sebesar 29,75 μg/mL, sedangkan yang terendah adalah ekstrak etanol (EE) sebesar 28,44 μg/mL. Tingginya kandungan fenolik pada ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan bahwa bahwa senyawa fenol merupakan senyawa yang bersifat semi polar-polar. Hasil penyerapa glukosa secara in vitro pada konsentrasi 50 dan 100 mM EPE memiliki kemampuan yang paling rendah disetiap konsentrasi jika dibandingkan dengan EEA, EE dan EM. Hasil pengujian dari aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-amilase berturut-turut EPE sebesar 97,11%, EEA sebesar 89,63%, EE sebesar 89,11% dan EM sebesar 95,85%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak alga (Eucheuma spinosum) memiliki kemampuan untuk menyerap glukosa dan menghambat aktivitas enzim α-amilase.
Concentration monitoring through a refractive index compass based on metasurface
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Chen Yikai , Liu Xilong , Li Junfeng , Wang Zekai , Zhu Shijun , Shen Zhonghua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have designed a directly-displayed refractive index detection chip based on rotating metal nanopillar arrays. When environments fluctuate, it can focus the detection signal on different directions as designed. This refractive index compass can be easily attached to conventional portable devices due to its compact structure, and has a wide adjustable working range. By utilizing multiple phase information contained in a single metasurface, the environmental refractive index on surface or solution concentration can be accurately determined by observing the position and color of the focal point under dual wavelength common incidence.
Protecting Privacy while Improving Choroid Layer Segmentation in OCT Images: A GAN-based Image Synthesis Approach
Authors: Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Ibrahim Mohammed Nasar , Selvam Amrish , Kurakula Shiva Vaishnavi , Mohammed Abdul Rasheed , Mayer Natasha , Sahel José Alain , Chhablani Jay , Bollepalli Sandeep Chandra 
Published: November 2023

<p>THIS WORK HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR POSSIBLE PUBLICATION. COPYRIGHT MAY BE TRANSFERRED WITHOUT NOTICE, AFTER WHICH THIS VERSION MAY NO LONGER BE ACCESSIBLE.</p>
<p>The choroid, positioned behind the retina, nourishes the retina by supplying oxygen and nutrients. Choroidal structural changes are associated with severe vision-threatening conditions including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging enables the visualization of choroidal changes, and clinicians rely on quantifying choroidal biomarkers through segmentation of the choroid layer in OCT scans for precise diagnosis and disease management. Accordingly, various attempts are made at automated choroid layer segmentation, however, their practicality is constrained by the limited and biased nature of training data. Privacy regulations hinder data aggregation, and supervised machine learning requires substantial annotated data. To tackle this, we propose an innovative image synthesis approach using generative adversarial networks (GANs). It involves a three-step process: generation of choroid-labeled B-scans using a standard GAN architecture, the transformation of these scans to unlabeled B-scans via Pix2Pix-GAN, and the training of a Pix2Pix-GAN choroid segmentation model using the synthesized data. To demonstrate the generalizability and efficacy, we evaluated the proposed choroid segmentation algorithm on the real B-scans from two different OCT imaging devices: enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and swept-source (SS) OCT, yielding Dice coefficient values of84.84% and 85.15%, respectively, buttressing its effective-ness. Further, qualitative performance analysis, including manual grading, confirms that the synthesized choroid-labeled images are distinct from real images, thus ensuring data privacy. The proposed methodology marks an initial step towards developing a comprehensive choroid layer quantification tool using synthetic images, and its adaptability makes it versatile for various medical image segmentation challenges. </p>
Artificial Intelligence in Choroid Through Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Selvam Amrish , Ong Joshua , Driban Matthew , Bollepalli Sandeep Chandra , Chhablani Jay , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar 
Published: November 2023

<p> Vision-threatening conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), arise from dysfunctions in the highly vascular choroid layer in the eye’s posterior segment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images play a crucial role in diagnosing choroidal structural changes in clinical practice. This review emphasizes the significant efforts in developing precise detection, quantification, and automated disease classification of choroidal biomarkers. The rapid progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has triggered transformative breakthroughs across sectors including medical image analysis. Recently, the integration of AI within the diagnosis and treatment of choroidal diseases has captured significant attention. Multiple studies highlight AI’s potential to enhance diagnostic precision and optimize clinical outcomes in this context. The review provides an extensive overview of AI’s current applications in choroidal analysis using OCT imaging. It encompasses a diverse array of algorithms and techniques employed for biomarker detection, such as thickness and vascularity index, and for identifying diseases like AMD and CSCR. The overarching goal of this review is to provide an updated and comprehensive exploration of AI’s impact on the choroid, highlighting its potential, challenges, and role in driving innovation in the field. </p>
استراتيجية إدارة الوقت بوصفها احدى استراتيجيات التواصل الفعال ودورها في الحد من الارهاق الوظيفي
Authors: الحدراوي رافد حميد عباس , الخفاجي امير جواد كاظم 
Published: November 2023

يسعى البحث الى التحقق من دور استراتيجية ادارة الوقت (TMS) في الحد من الارهاق الوظيفي (JB), كذلك التحقق من مدى اهتمام الشركة المبحوثة (الشركة العامة لإنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية / الفرات الاوسط) باعتمادها لاستراتيجية ادارة الوقت في العمل, وايضا معرفة مستوى الإرهاق الوظيفي فيها. اذ ان البحث انبثق من خلا مشكلة واقعية تمثلت بحالات من الارهاق لدى عدد من العاملين يعانون منها في احدى المحطات التابعة الى الشركة المبحوثة (محطة كهرباء الحلة الغازية الثانية), مما يتطلب اعتماد استراتيجية لإدارة الوقت والتواصل بينهم وبين المسؤولين, والتي من خلالها يتم اتخاذ الاجراءات التنظيمية وتقليل حالات الارهاق. حيث مثل متغير (استراتيجية ادارة الوقت) المتغير المستقل في البحث الحالي, اما الارهاق الوظيفي فقد مثل المتغير التابع بأبعاده (الارهاق العاطفي, تبدد الشخصية, ضعف الانجاز الشخصي). واعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لغرض الحصول على البيانات المطلوبة. وان (الشركة العامة لإنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية / الفرات الاوسط / محطة كهرباء الحلة الغازية الثانية) مثلت ميدان الجانب التطبيقي للبحث, اذ تم اختيار عينة عشوائية من العاملين وبواقع (224) فردا من اصل مجتمع البحث البالغ (522) فردا, كما اعتمد البحث البرنامج الاحصائي (SMART PLS) في بناء الانموذج الخاص باختبار فرضيات البحث, واعتمدت استمارة الاستبانة بكونها ادارة رئيسية لجمع البيانات والمعلومات المطلوبة لمتغيرات البحث. وتم التوصل الى مجموعة من النتائج كان اهمها ان استراتيجية ادارة الوقت على المستوى الكلي لها تأثير فعلي في تخفيض حالات الارهاق الوظيفي في الشركة المبحوثة, وكما توضح بان البعد الاكثر وضوحا هو بعد الارهاق العاطفي مقارنة وباقي الابعاد.
دور الرقابة الداخلية في تقويم الاداء المالي للوحدات الخدمية (دراسة تطبيقية في دائرة صحة بابل)
Authors: الخيكاني حيدر عمران سهر , الحسيني عباس عبد الأمير ياسين 
Published: November 2023

هدف هذا البحث هو معرفة دور الرقابة الداخلية في تقويم الاداء المالي في الوحدات الخدمية وايضا معرفة مفهوم واهمية واهداف الرقابة الداخلية واهمية اللجوء اليها لتقويم الأداء المالي
و ايضا تسليط الضوء على الاداء المالي في الوحدات الحكومية والعوامل التي يمكن ان توثر بها وقد توصل الباحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات من اهمها ان الرقابة الداخلية تسعى في الوحدات الخدمية سعي الى تحقيق العديد من الاهداف اهمها تقويم كفاءة الانشطة والعمليات وفعاليتها في وحدات القطاع العام وهذه من الامور التي يجب مراعاتها في اجراءات التدقيق الداخلي وان الرقابة الداخلية تقوم بفحص وتقويم كفاءة الاداء المالي من خلال مقارنة الاداء الفعلي مع المخطط او المحدد مسبقا من قبل الادارة وايضا ومن الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصل اليها هو عدم استخدام الحاسوب الالكتروني في عملية التدقيق والرقابة الداخلية ولما هذه التقنية الحديثة من اهمية كبيرة ومتطورة وقد اوصى الباحث بعدد من التوصيات اهمها تزويد قسم الرقابة الداخلية والتدقيق بالكوادر المختصة في مجال اعمال الاقسام الاخرى من خلال سحب هذه الكوادر وربطها بقسم الرقابة والتدقيق لتقوم بعملية التدقيق والرقابة على اقسامها, ضرورة قيام قسم الرقابة الداخلية بالزيارات الميدانية الى كافة الاقسام والوحدات التابعة لها للتأكد من التزامها بالقوانين والانظمة والتعليمات, وأيضا اللجوء الى المعايير المحلية والدولية الخاصة بالرقابة الداخلية لغرض تطوير العمل الرقابي.
قياس اثار السياسة التجارية على متغيرات المربع السحري لكالدور في الاقتصاد العراقي خلال المدة 1990-2019
Authors: الشمري مايح شبيب , جياد علي حمزة 
Published: November 2023

تٌعَدٌ السياسات التجارية أحد المكونات الرئيسة لإطار السياسات الاقتصادية الكلية، التي يتم من خلالها رسم الخطط والاستراتيجيات التي تحدد المسار الاقتصادي للدولة، وتمارس هذه السياسات دورا مهما في البلدان المتقدمة والنامية على حد سواء من خلال التأثير على أداء الاقتصاد الكلي، هذا التأثير الذي ينساب عن طريق مجموعة من الاليات ليصل إلى الأهداف التي تسعى لتحقيقها هذه البلدان وأهم هذه الأهداف هو الزيادة المستمرة في الناتج المحلي الإجمالي بزيادة تفوق معدل النمو السكاني مع المحافظة على استقرار المستوى العام للأسعار وتحقيق وضع جيد لميزان مدفوعات البلد تجاه العالم الخارجي فضلاً عن المحافظة على معدل متدني للقوى العاملة المتعطلة، هذه الأهداف الذي اختصرها نيكولاس كالدور من خلال فكرة مربعه السحري .
لذلك حاولت هذه الدراسة تقييم وقياس أثر السياسات التجارية على متغيرات مربع كالدور في الاقتصاد العراقي خلال المدة 1990-2019 باستخدام أساليب الاقتصاد القياسي لبيان أثر السياسات التجارية والية التمثيل البياني الذي اقترحته الاكاديمية الفرنسية (فيرساي) لتقييم اهداف المربع المذكور انطلاقاً من فرضية مفادها (ان تقييم الواقع الفعلي لأهداف مربع كالدور في العراق يبتعد كثيراً لاسيما لبعض اهدافه عن الحالة المثلى للمربع المذكور فضلاً عن ان قياس أثر السياسات التجارية على اهداف المربع لم يكن ايجابياً بالشكل الذي يرتقي بتحقيق تلك الأهداف) .
ولتحقق هذه الفرضية فقد تم تقسيم هيكل الدراسة إلى ثلاثة مباحث، تناول الاول التأصيل النظري لمتغيرات الدراسة، اما الثاني فقد تناول تحليل واقع السياسات التجارية في الاقتصاد العراقي واما الثالث فتناول قياس أثر السياسات التجارية على متغيرات مربع كالدور في الاقتصاد العراقي وتحليل النتائج.
وجاءت نتائج الدراسة مؤكد للفرضية الموضوعة اذ اثبتت عدم فاعلية السياسات التجارية المدروسة في التصدي للازمات، فيما اوصت الدراسة بضرورة أن يتم التنسيق بين السياسات الاقتصادية في تنويع مصادر الدخل وإيجاد هذه المصادر ولا سيما الاستثمارات المحلية والأجنبية من أجل معالجة الاختلالات الهيكلية وبناء قاعدة استثمارية رصينة تدعم القطاعات الانتاجية وترفع من آليات انتقال أثار السياسات التجارية لتحسين وضع مؤشرات الاقتصاد الكلي.