bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of TNF-α in patients with omicron coronavirus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abd Al-Salam Aqeel Salman , Esmaeel Nawras Abbas , Abdulridha AL-Ganimi Ahmed Khudhair 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant has spread through the world and has caused a global pandemic. In order to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease’s severity, several immunological and biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), D-dimer, serum ferritin, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) are evaluated immediately.

Objectives:
The current study aimed to determine the concentration of TNF-α level in the omicron coronavirus patients, and to determine the correlation of TNF-α with some biomarkers [TNF-α, D-dimer, serum ferritin, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), GPT, and LDH].

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients (40 males and 20 females), with the age ranging from 23 to 71 years from the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Babylon Iraq, were included in the current investigation. The period of study was between October and December 2021. Included criteria omicron coronaviruses patients with positive “Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)” results while the excluded criteria omicron coronaviruses patients with positive “RT-PCR” results were reviewed. Then the positive patient divided by using saturation oxygen (SPO2) into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe groups). Sex, age, and SPO2 were recorded, and biomarkers (GOT, GPT, and LDH) were measured in all patients using a bio-based device (ACCENT-200 ALAT KIT). The D-dimer and serum ferritin for all patients were done by VIDS instrument.

Results:
In this sample, the ages ranged from 23 to 71, with a mean of 60.32 ± 13.39. TNF-α concentrations were found to be significantly greater in the severe patient group compared to the mild patient group and the moderate patient group (P = 0.06). Severe patients had greater GPT and GOT concentrations than mild and moderate patients. There was a positive and statistically significant association between TNF-α and D-dimer in the mild group (r = 0.734**, P = 0.000). Neither TNF-α nor serum ferritin levels were correlated with liver function tests.

Conclusion:
Among omicron coronavirus patients, GOPT, GPT, and LDH were all elevated in the severe group, whereas there was no statistically significant difference between the mild and moderate groups (mild, moderate, and severe group). TNF-α levels were not associated with liver function tests in this research.
Combinatorial treatment of mupirocin nanomicelle in insulin-based gel for wound healing in diabetic rats
Authors: Zubairi Maysaa Banay , Abd Abdulkareem Hameed , Al-lami Mohammed Sabar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic wounds remain an important clinical challenge over the past few decades. Nanodrug delivery systems play a crucial role in the treatment of chronic infections and wound healing.

Objectives:
To evaluate the wound healing potential of newly synthesized and characterized mupirocin (MP) nanomicelle (NM) in insulin (I)-based gel (MP-NM-I), utilizing alloxan-induced diabetic rat model.

Materials and Methods:
MP-NM-I was prepared by solvent evaporation technique, 96 male rats were assigned randomly into eight groups (n = 12): one group is healthy, and the remaining seven groups were diabetic and wounded receiving treatments of gel base, tween 80, I, MP, MP-I, MP-NM, and MP-NM-I, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 7 and 14 days of wounding. Blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin concentration measurement. Skin biopsies were examined by histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results:
Diabetes was confirmed after a significant increase in blood glucose and a decrease in serum insulin concentrations (P ≤ 0.001). MP-NM– and MP-NM-I–treated groups presented a rapid wound closure (100 ± 0, P ≤ 0.001), and the bacterial growth in these samples was relatively low (P ≤ 0.001). Histological examination established a significant decrease in inflammatory cells (P ≤ 0.001) with a significant elevation in tissue re-epithelialization, fibroblasts, angiogenesis, and collagen fibers (P ≤ 0.001). Immunohistochemical investigation presented a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, increase in vascular endothelial growth factors, and interleukin-10 scores (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:
The developed formula of MP-NM with or without insulin is more effective than MP alone for diabetic wound healing in rats, because it accelerated wound closure. Accordingly, the formula might serve as an innovative tool for diabetic wound healing.
Association between self-care and complications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hermis Alaa Hamza , Muhaibes Fakhria Jaber 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Self-care is essential for diabetes patients to keep control of the disease and avoid complications. Self-care can help minimize these complications.

Objectives:
The study endeavored to examine type 2-diabtic patients’ knowledge regarding self-care management and to determine the association between self-care management and the disease complications.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a quantitative research of cross-sectional design on a sample of 151 patients who visited the endocrine and diabetes center in Al-Dewaynia Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and the Diabetes Self-Care Scale (DSCS).

Results:
The results showed that there was a significant association between the diabetes self-care management and both diabetic foot and neuropathy (0.002 and 0.005), respectively, whereas it was no association between the diabetes self-care management with retinopathy, cardiovascular problems, nephropathy, and hepatic problems at any significant level.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that individuals’ adherence to self-care management of type 2 diabetes is very poor. Enhancing patients’ and community’s regarding changing the lifestyle is essential.
Molecular detection of efflux pump genes (MexAB-OprM) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated form Babylon Province
Authors: Jameel Zainab Hafedh , Alwash Mourouge Saadi , Abdulla Anwar A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The efflux pump system is an important mechanism used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to avoid the effects of antibiotics.

Objectives:
This research aimed to identify whether there was a relationship between the P. aeruginosa efflux pump genes and resistance to various antibiotics.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at various hospitals in Babylon province from March 2022 to November 2022. One hundred thirty P. aeruginosa isolates from (burn, wound, urine, ear, and sputum) were recovered from patients. Both conventional methods and the Vitek2 system were used to identify these isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion was performed on the isolates. Efflux pump-specific primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the molecular identification of MexAB-OprM genes.

Results:
Multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa were present in 125 (96.2 %). The present results showed that mexA was present in all of the 130 isolates, mexb was found in 122 (93.84%) of isolates, and the Oprm gene was present in 127 (97.69%) of isolates. MexAB-OprM was significantly associated with MDR in this study (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The genes regulating efflux pumps are important as a key factor contributing to the development of MDR P. aeruginosa.
Synergistic effects of Cassia fistula extract combination with cisplatin on the regulation of microRNA-145 and gene expression in colon cancer cell line SW480
Authors: Al-Muswie Rana Talib , Enayah Sabah H , Ghaleb Rana A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Combination therapy is an effective strategy for inhibiting cancer cells and stimulating the apoptosis gene, so the potential synergistic effects of combining Cassia fistula extract with cisplatin chemotherapy used in clinical practice have been studied.

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of C. fistula extract in vitro as well as the precise molecular mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:
For 24 h, the human colon cancer cell line SW480 was given a variety of doses of cisplatin and plant extract, as well as cisplatin with various concentrations of C. fistula. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the cisplatin, plant extract, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin with plant, and combination of cisplatin and plant against colon cancer cells. The expression of microRNA, BAX, and BCL2 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results:
The results showed that C. fistula extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells compared with untreated cells and showed synergistic effects when combined with cisplatin (CDDP). Cassia fistula extract induced cell apoptosis via the intrinsic (Bax and Bcl-2) apoptotic pathways and regulated the level expression of microRNA-145. In the SW480 cell line of colon cancer studies, C. fistula extract suppressed tumor growth through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Our results showed synergistic effects when combined with IC50 of CDDP with Cassia extract through increasing the level of gene expression of Bax and reduced level expression of Bcl2. Also the regulated expression of microRNA-145.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that the synergistic of C. fistula extract and cisplatin significantly induce apoptosis by regulating the microRNA-145 gene, which is related to Bax and Bcl2 expression. Therefore, C. fistula, according to its cytotoxic and apoptotic activities, might be considered as a novel finding for the treatment of colon cancer.
Molecular detection of Tn7-like transposons and IntI2 integron integrase in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.
Authors: Hamza Ola Adnan , Omran Rabab 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Transposable elements are mobile DNA sequences that can move and change their location within the genome.

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to investigate class II integron and Tn7-like transposons and their relationship to multidrug resistance in commensal and pathogenic Klebsiella and Escherichia coli isolates.

Materials and Methods:
The disk-diffusion method was used to check the antibiotic susceptibility of 26 Klebsiella isolates and 76 E. coli isolates that had been isolated and preidentified using the VITEK 2 System from healthy stool, diarrhea, and urine in (urinary tract infection) specimens. The presence of the intI2 and Tn7-like transposase genes was then examined using specific primer pairs by polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
A total of 76% of the total isolates harbored Tn7, of which 14% of these isolates appeared to harbor intI2 in the Tn7 in three phylotypes. The other 62% of isolates had five patterns of Tn7. At the same time, the rest of the isolates (24%) were negative for the Tn7 and intI2 genes. Overall, the E. coli and Klebsiella isolates contain different Tn7-like transposons and are associated with pathogenic bacteria (P < 0.05) though some normal flora harbor the transposons. The presence of intI2 and Tn7-like transposons is associated with multidrug resistance in the studied species; intI2 in Tn7-like transposon (P < 0.029) and Tn7-like transposition genes only (P < 0.001). A significant association (P < 0.05) was detected between intI2 in the Tn7-like transposons and resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, azithromycin, and nitrofurantoin.

Conclusions:
There is a correlation between multidrug resistance and the presence of Tn7-like transposition and intI2 genes.
Effect of gender on salivary immunoglobulin and complements in autism children
Authors: Abd Suha Talal , Abdulla Wasan Lafta , Saleem Muna Abdulla , Mutlak Shaimaa Sabte , Hasson Zahraa Tariq 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a disease of neurological development; until now, there are no specific tests or biological indicators that may be utilized to establish the diagnosis. A delay in ASD diagnosis delays the initiation of pharmacological and therapeutic interventions, preventing biopsychosocial development and lowering the individual’s prognosis.

Objectives:
This study aimed to find a correlation between ASD and gender effect for some salivary immunoglobulin (Ig) and complements to facilitate the diagnosis ASD.

Materials and Methods:
It involved 30 child diagnosed with autism, aged 6- to 12-year-old. Those children were represented all ASD children of both sexes who satisfied the criteria of diagnosis for autism, saliva samples were collected and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure C3, C4, IgA, and IgG.

Results:
The result shows a significant increase in the concentration of IgG in male children as compared to female children, in spite of higher level of the rest variables for the male children with ASD.

Conclusion:
There was an effect of gender on salivary Ig in patient with ASD.
Detection of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and high mobility group protein box 1 HMGB1 levels in patients’ serum with breast cancer
Authors: Zaki Hind Shawqi , Alta’ee Abdulsamie Hassan , Mohammed Mushtaq Qahtan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer (BC) is an unchecked proliferation of epithelial cells that begin in the breast lobules or ducts. BC develops and spreads as a result of the high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1). The survival, development, and metastasis of tumor cells have all been analyzed for the patients from Oncology Center in Merjan Medical City, Babylon Governorate. HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) levels in patients and controls were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Objectives:
The current study’s goal is to analyze the blood levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in both BC patients and healthy volunteers and evaluate how their expression changes as the disease progresses.

Materials and Methods:
Samples collected from BC levels exhibited a 76% sensitivity and a 70% specificity, respectively. Serum RAGE levels were 74% sensitive and 70% specific for the diagnosis of BC, respectively, and their substantial P value = 0.023 correlated with tumor size.

Results:
Patients had significantly higher HMGB1 and RAGE levels than did the healthy control group. In order to identify BC, serum HMGB1 is linked to HMGB1 binding to the RAGE receptor.

Conclusion:
The presence of HMGB1 in the serum may serve as a helpful biomarker for the detection of BC. BC RAGE is useful for monitoring the growth of tumor size.
Asprosin in early detection of nephropathy in type2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Abed Alwahid Ola Hussein , Khalil Talat Tariq , AL-Ridha Ismael Mohamed Abed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) accounts for the most prevalent cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, accounting for about 50% of all ESRD patients that need management with dialysis or a renal transplant.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to the role of Asprosin as an independent and trustworthy biomarker for the quick diagnosis of DN by knowing the sensitivity and specificity, acceptable to add to the diagnostic protocol. Evaluated fasting blood glucose asprosin, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, and albumin levels in apparently healthy groups, diabetic groups, and diabetic groups with nephropathy to determine their medical significance; asprosin can be used as an independent and trustworthy biomarker for the quick diagnosis of DN by knowing the sensitivity and specificity, acceptable to add to the diagnostic protocol.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples were obtained from the Diabetes and Endocrine Center in Hilla city, Babylon province’s Marjan Medical City, from October 25, 2021 to January 31, 2022. Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were classified into 30 with diabetes mellitus, 30 with DN, and 30 apparently healthy patients. Serum asprosin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical analysis.

Results:
Both T2DM patients with and without nephropathy had considerably higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), asprosin, serum urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the healthy appearance group, although both groups had significantly lower levels of albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Asprosin additionally showed a positively correlated with serum urea, TG, and HDL-C and shown negative correlation with serum albumin. The sensitivity and specificity of the test at the cut-off value of asprosin 17.5 ng/mL were 86.7% and 80%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.92, P-value = 0.001.

Conclusion:
Because blood asprosin levels have a sensitivity and specificity of more than 80% in T2DM patients with nephropathy, they can be used as an independent and trustworthy biomarker for the quick diagnosis of DN.
The saddle angle and its relationship with different sagittal skeletal patterns for Iraqi population
Authors: Mohammed Lamis Khidher , Abdullah Issam Merzah , Abeas Kasem Ahmed , Al Azzawi Arkan M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The cranial base has a substantial role in determining how the maxilla and mandible are related to each other and its growth influences the maxillo-mandibular growth.

Aim:
The main aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the relationship of the saddle angle (NSAr) with different patterns of the sagittal interarch skeletal relationship for the Iraqi population and detect the effect of gender on it.

Materials and Methods:
The samples included 125 true lateral cephalometric radiographs for Iraqi patients of both genders (male and female) between the age of 18–25 years obtained from the clinic’s archives of the Orthodontic Department at the Dentistry Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Dentistry, Baghdad University, Iraq, who was looking for orthodontic therapy. The samples were divided according to the value of ANB angle into skeletal Cl I (33 females and 14 males), skeletal Cl II (27 females, 14 males), and skeletal Cl III (17 females and 20 males) groups, then the saddle angle were digitized and recorded using AutoCAD 2012 computer program, the data then analyzed by SPSS version 24 (2016) computerized statistical analysis.

Results:
The results clarified that the mean value of saddle angle was smaller in the skeletal Cl III group for both genders, with females showed the smallest value with no significant difference, and the larger value of saddle angle was in the skeletal Cl II group for both genders with females showed the largest value with no significant difference.

Conclusion:
The sagittal skeletal relationship tends to alter from skeletal Cl III to Cl II with progressive flattening of the cranial base and vice-versa. The effect of gender on saddle angle was more than that of sagittal skeletal classes.
Computed tomographic assessment of renal length in correlation to anthropometric parameters: A cross-sectional hospital-based observational study from Iraq
Authors: Assi Mohammed Hussein , Zghair Muna Abdulghani , Ghanem Mohammed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Measuring the renal size is an important parameter used in the assessment of patients with renal diseases. There is no conventional nomogram for kidney length in the Iraqi population.

Objectives:
The main objective of our study was to evaluate the ranges of normal renal length in our population.

Material and Methods:
The right and the left kidney lengths were measured by computed tomography (CT) scan in 100 adult individuals without apparent renal condition. Analysis for differences was conducted according to laterality, age, and sex. The correlation of renal length with anthropometrical indices like body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA) was also evaluated.

Results:
The mean length of the right kidney was 11.4 cm for males and 10.2 cm for females, and of the left kidney was 11.5 cm in males and 10.8 cm in females. The mean renal lengths in the Iraqi population were similar to Iranian and American populations. The left kidney was longer than the right. Age-group analysis exhibited a significant decline in renal length beyond the sixth decade. There was a modest positive correlation of renal length with height, weight, and BSA but no correlation with BMI.

Conclusion:
The research supports the knowledge of the standard renal length range in a study population of apparently healthy Iraqi individuals by using CT scan imaging and derives linear regression equations that can be simply used in clinical practice to estimate the renal length according to body indices such as height or weight.
Malocclusion traits and speech disorders
Authors: Mohammed Shahbaa AbduGhafoor , Saloom Jinan Eliewy , Obaid Dina Hamid , Alhuwaizi Akram Faisal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Speech is the ability of communication or expression of thoughts among people in spoken words. Human communication via speech is essential since any impairment in this process may have serious social and occupational consequences. Malocclusion is a possible cause of speech impairment in addition to many other etiological factors like hearing loss, neurological disorders, physical disorders, and drug abuse. This article throws light upon the association between speech disorders and malocclusion.
Evaluation of BRAF v600 mutation by single strand conformation polymorphism-PCR (SSCP-PCR) in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Ejam Sura Salman , Abd Ali Israa Al-Humairi , Karbel Hadeel Abdulelah , Al-Jabory Mohammed Ali 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Many studies demonstrating a high predominance of pulmonary disease among individuals with interstitial lung disease (ILD), genomic examinations have recognized and initiated mutations in proto-oncogene B-Raf (BRAF) among patients with lung malignant growth. To support our hypothesis of being ILD could show a more vital event for framing into bronchogenic threat BRAFV600E change was examined.

Objectives:
To inquire about the frequency of BRAF (V600E) mutation in ILD with the possible evaluation of the presence of BRAF V600 mutation and such parameters as patient’s age, gender, and histopathological type.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2017 to April 2019, a review study was led in a few confidential labs and the Teeba respiratory focus in Hilla city, Babylon region. Sixty patients with interstitial lung issues’ clarifying data were recuperated, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue portions were furthermore collected, all of the results were surveyed by three expert histopathologists, and the last attestation of the examination was done. Equivalent number (60) of healthy lung tissues were also involved and used as control tests for polymerase chain reaction review.

Results:
Only two (3.3%) of ILD tests harbored BRAF V600E change, all of them were between 41 and 50 years and were the usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) type.

Conclusions:
BRAF V600E mutation likely could be identified in ILD especially UIP. Prognosis of such patients with mutated BRAF gene should be observed.