bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the control strategy of DC microgrids with distributed energy storage
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhao Feng , Zhuang Li , Wang Qiulin , Wu Chenzhou 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a supplement to large power grids, DC microgrids with new energy access are increasingly widely used. However, with the increasing proportion of new energy in DC microgrids, its output fluctuations directly affect the overall stability of the microgrids. Distributed energy storage can smooth the output fluctuation of distributed new energy. In this paper, an AC-DC hybrid micro-grid operation topology with distributed new energy and distributed energy storage system access is designed, and on this basis, a coordinated control strategy of a micro-grid system based on distributed energy storage is proposed. To maintain the voltage stability of the DC bus and make each station have the power-sharing ability, the AC/DC flexibly interconnected converter should adopt two control strategies. The power can flow bidirectional in the power scheduling and distribution of the energy storage station; At the same time, different power distribution schemes will generate different scheduling costs. To optimize the operation of energy storage power stations, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted in this paper to optimize the scheduling task allocation scheme. The optimization objective is the lowest scheduling cost, to realize the optimal scheduling of energy storage power stations. In this paper, based on a Matlab/Simulink environment, a microgrid system based on an AC-DC hybrid bus is built. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed microgrid coordinated control strategy.
The effects of safinamide according to gender in Chinese parkinsonian patients
Authors: Pellecchia M. T. , Picillo M. , Russillo M. C. , Andreozzi V. , Oliveros C. , Cattaneo C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe incidence and prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is expected to raise dramatically over the next decades. Gender-related differences are not yet widely recognized, particularly regarding the response to dopaminergic medications. To analyse gender differences in the clinical effects of safinamide, compared to placebo, in Chinese PD patients of the pivotal XINDI trial. The XINDI study was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Patients were followed for 16 weeks receiving safinamide or placebo as add-on to levodopa. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in the mean total daily OFF time. Secondary efficacy endpoints included total daily ON time, ON time with no/non-troublesome dyskinesia, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 items. A post-hoc analysis was performed to describe the efficacy of safinamide in both genders on motor symptoms, motor fluctuations and quality of life. 128 (42%) out of 305 patients enrolled were women and 177 (58%) men. Our additional analyses of the XINDI study have shown that safinamide, compared to placebo, was associated with improvements in motor symptoms, motor fluctuations and quality of life in both genders, with some differences in the response that did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to sample size limitation and post-hoc design of the study. The changes from baseline at week 16 were > 50% higher in the females compared to males for the total daily OFF time (− 1.149 h vs − 0.764 h in males), the total daily ON time (1.283 h vs 0.441 h in males), the UPDRS total score (− 8.300 points vs − 5.253 points in males) and the UPDRS part II score (− 2.574 points vs − 1.016 points in males). The changes from baseline at week 16 were higher in the females compared to males in the “ADL” domain (− 6.965 points vs − 5.772 points in males), the “Emotional well-being” domain (− 6.243 points vs − 4.203 in males), the “Stigma” domain (− 6.185 points vs − 4.913 points in males) and the “Bodily discomfort” domain (− 5.196 points vs 1.099 points in males), while were higher in males in the “Mobility” score (− 6.523 points vs − 4.961 points in females) and the “Communication” score (− 3.863 points vs − 1.564 points in females). Safinamide was shown to improve PD symptoms and quality of life in both male and female Chinese patients. Possible differences in the response between genders need to be further studied in larger and different ethnic populations.
R&D status for an innovative crystal calorimeter for the future Muon Collider
Authors: Cantone C. , Ceravolo S. , Colao F. , Di Meco E. , Diociaiuti E. , Gianotti P. , Liedl A. , Lucchesi D. , Paesani D. , Pastrone N. , Pezzullo G. , Saputi A. , Sarra I. , Sestini L. , Tagnani D. 
Published: November 2023

The measurement of physics processes at new energy frontier experiments requires excellent spatial, time, and energy resolutions to resolve the structure of collimated high-energy jets. Calorimeters, as other detectors, must face this increasing performance demand. In a future TeV-scale Muon Collider, the beam-induced background (BIB) represents the main challenge in the design of the detectors and of the event reconstruction algorithms and can pose serious limitations to the physics performance. However, it is possible to reduce the BIB impact on the Muon Collider calorimeter by exploiting some of its characteristics and by ensuring high granularity, excellent timing, longitudinal segmentation and good energy resolution. The proposed R&D is an innovative semi-homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on stackable modules of lead fluoride crystals (PbF2) readout by surface-mount UV-extended Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs): the Crilin calorimeter (CRystal calorImeter with Longitudinal INformation). The calorimeter should operate in a very harsh radiation environment, withstanding yearly a neutron flux of 1014 n1MeV /cm2 and a dose of 100 krad.
In this paper, the radiation tolerance measured in several irradiation campaigns and the timing performances evaluated during a test beam at CERN-H2 with 120-GeV electron are discussed. A description of the latest prototype Proto-1, that will be shortly tested, is also provided.
Concept of calorimetry system for ITER
Authors: Tomkow Lukasz , Geulin Eleonore , Iglesias Daniel , Clough Matthew , Vayakis George 
Published: November 2023

The ITER tokamak is expected to produce up to 500 MW of fusion power. Other energy inputs will contribute up to 100 MW. All of this power ultimately converts to heat and the Tokamak Cooling Water System (TCWS) will remove most of it. To ensure safety, diagnostics methods, including calorimetry, will be used.
Thermal methods used in calorimetry are not suitable for online control but rather provide time-averaged or integrated values. The ITER calorimetric system aims to calculate the integrated fusion power after each pulse by determining the total tokamak power using data from the TCWS and other systems involved in the energy transfers. The total fusion power will be then determined by analyzing the thermal balance of the machine. As most of the energy transfers are realised by cooling loops, a general forward model has been developed for their analysis.
The system is designed to measure net fusion power production. At approximately 200MW, the accuracy is around 10%, and at about 500MW, the accuracy improves to 3%. The expected time constant of the measured instantaneous value is in order of 40s (the nominal ITER burn times are in the range 300 3000s). System will be most useful in cross-calibration with fast time resolution neutron systems. The developed system will also serve as a model for future tokamak-based fusion power plants, where its accuracy will be even higher. The paper gives a general description of the system concept, with main inputs required and the expected outputs.
Experimental and numerical results for a new single-cell calorimeter dedicated to nuclear heating rate measurement
Authors: Rebaud J. , Volte A. , Carette M. , Lyoussi A. , Reynard-Carette C. 
Published: November 2023

This paper presents the study of a new innovative heat flow single-cell calorimeter dedicated to the measurement of the nuclear heating rate in research reactors. Before irradiating this type of sensor, it is necessary to characterize it under laboratory conditions to determine its metrological properties.
A general description (design, geometry and materials nature) of this new calorimeter will be given, focusing on the motivations that led to its development. This part will be followed by a presentation of the experimental set-up and operating protocol used to characterize this sensor. The sensor sensitivity and response time will be quantified and discussed with a comparison of those obtained with previous calorimeters. In parallel with these experimental characterizations, parametric 3-D numerical simulations will be carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software. These results, obtained both experimentally and numerically, will be compared to present a complete calorimeter study under laboratory conditions.
Validation of Monte Carlo simulations by experimental measurements of neutron-induced activation in cyclotrons
Authors: Collin Jonathan , Horodynski Jean-Michel , Arbor Nicolas , Barbagallo Massimo , Carminati Federico , Galli Carminati Giuliana , Tagliapietra Luca J. , Nourreddine Abdel-Mjid 
Published: November 2023

Nuclear activation is the process of production of radionuclides by irradiation. This phenomenon concerns particle accelerators used in various fields, from medical applications to industrial ones, both during operation and at the decommissioning phase. For more than three decades, the possibility of using cyclotrons for nuclear power generation and nuclear waste reduction has also been discussed, i.e. in the case of Accelerator-Driven Systems [1]. The radioprotection and dismantling issues of accelerator facilities, that have been raised recently, is even more potent for such installations.
In our study, we are particularly interested in the activation due to secondary neutrons produced by (x,n) reactions, mostly (p,n) occurring in the accelerator’s components. This work focuses on the study of the radioactivity induced in various materials (V, Sc, Tb, W, Ta) irradiated by fast and thermal neutrons, in two different scenarios: through direct irradiation -with an AmBe sourceand around an operating cyclotron at the CYRCé facility (Strasbourg). A broad Monte Carlo study including FLUKA, GEANT4, PHITS and MCNP simulation has been performed, with and without a FISPACT-II coupling, to estimate the reaction rates and to trace the induced radioactivity in samples of known composition. The results of the simulations are compared with the values extracted in two dedicated experimental campaigns in which activated samples underwent high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry.
Neutron coincidence counters for disarmament verification: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Borella Alessandro , Çelik Yurdunaz , Rossa Riccardo 
Published: November 2023

A measurement campaign in support of nuclear disarmament verification was carried out in 2019 on the premises of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN. Well-characterized MOX sources with different types of shielding materials were used during the campaign. The relative content of Pu was up to 14%wt and the isotopic abundance of 239Pu was up to 93%wt. One of the technologies that were deployed was neutron coincidence counting with 3He based slab counters.
The obtained background and dead time corrected total and reals rates were used to determine the mass of the assayed sample by using the so-called point model equations. The obtained masses were systematically underestimated by 15 % in average. A calibration approach based on Monte Carlo simulations where the mass is estimated from the calculated number of reals per spontaneous fission event was also used. A Monte Carlo model of the measurements setup was therefore developed to account for the finite source size, multiplication, moderation and absorption in the detector and scattering in the environment, including the measurement room walls, floor and ceiling. By using a Monte Carlo based efficiency for the reals the masses were slightly overestimated by typically few percent. However, outliers were observed.
In an effort to understand the obtained results, additional calculations were carried out to estimate the impact due to both the neutron emission by (>,n) reactions and spontaneous fission decay on the measured observables. The associated total and reals counts were obtained for various configurations and compared with the experimental data. The obtained results indicate the importance of (>,n) reactions when neutron multiplication is not negligible.
Innovative Alveolar Ridge Preservation Surgical Technique with Immediate Dental Implant Placement: A Retrospective Case Report of 1-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Grassi Andrea , Monica Daniele , Minetti Elio , Ballini Andrea , Gianfreda Francesco , Bollero Patrizio , Cicciù Marco , Mastrangelo Filiberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFollowing tooth extraction, the alveolar ridge undergoes morphological and dimensional changes, including a clot formation that is gradually replaced by granulation tissue. Studies indicate that both horizontal and vertical ridge dimensions decrease after extraction; however, these changes can be mitigated through grafting with biomaterials and barrier membranes. Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques are employed to counteract bone resorption postextraction, encompassing periosteal inhibition and modified periosteal inhibition (MPI) techniques. The Degidi clot chamber technique offers a means to achieve biomaterial-free extraction sockets, promoting healing and osteointegration. This study aims to present the first rehabilitation of a postextraction dental implant in the maxilla using an innovative ARP procedure via a MPI technique. The technique does not involve autologous or heterologous grafting materials; instead, a cortical lamina and a customized screw are used in conjunction with the blood clot. The primary objective is to protect the vestibular cortical bone from preosteoclastic aggression, which can trigger bone resorption. The technique employs a 0.5-mm cortical lamina to mechanically shield the vestibular cortical bone, preventing vestibular cortical bone resorption and increasing its thickness without the need for biomaterial insertion, relying on the blood clot. The effectiveness of the technique was assessed through a 12-month postimplantation cone-beam computed tomography scan, revealing a 0.5-mm increase. Although based on a single case, the 1-year follow-up results are promising, and further studies are warranted to validate the technique's efficacy.
The incidence of personal importation of prescription medicines among Australians 45 and older: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ghinea Narcyz , Roberts Andrew , Prvan Tania , Rogers Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Objective This study is the first to investigate the incidence of personal importation of prescription medicines among Australians aged 45 years or older, and the reasons driving this behaviour. Methods An online survey was distributed to Australians, aged 45 years or older, who were taking prescription medicines. Recruitment was conducted via Qualtrics. The survey was completed by 1180 respondents. Results In our sample, 1.8% of respondents had imported prescription medicines in the previous 12 months, 21.9% had not taken, or had delayed taking, a prescribed medicine due to cost, 21.9% described medicines as unaffordable/very unaffordable, and 17.7% took some budgetary measure to pay for their medicines. The most significant predictors (P < 0.001) of importation were doctors raising it as an option (1.0% vs 42.9%), awareness of the Personal Importation Scheme (0.8% vs 22.6%), believing that importing was safe (1.6% vs 20.9%), paying more than the maximum PBS co-payment for any individual medicine (0.4% vs 8.1%), higher monthly spend on medicines (1.0% vs 6%), and delaying or not taking a medicine due to cost (0.9% vs 5.0%). Almost half (44.4%) would consider importing medicines to save money. Conclusions Potentially hundreds of thousands of Australians are importing prescription medicines from abroad, and many Australians indicate they are willing to import medicines to save money.
Topical review: characterization of chalcopyrite CuGa(In)Te2 compounds for high thermoelectric performance
Authors: Zhang Zipei , Luo Sitong , Yu Lu , Wei Sitong , Ji Zhen , Zheng Shuqi , Ang Lay Kee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chalcopyrite compound CuGa(In)Te2 has garnered significant attention due to its safe elemental composition and high thermoelectric potential. Optimizing the carrier concentration and reducing the lattice thermal conductivity of CuGa(In)Te2 can significantly enhance its thermoelectric performance. In this mini-review, we analyze the electronic and phonon structures of CuGa(In)Te2, summarize and categorize the representative methods employed in recent years to improve its thermoelectric performance. Our analysis reveals that reducing thermal conductivity has a more significant impact on enhancing the ZT value of CuGa(In)Te2 compared to increasing the power factor. In conclusion, we outline potential challenges and provide a brief outlook, offering valuable insights into the design of CuGa(In)Te2 chalcopyrite compounds as high-performance thermoelectric materials.
Granular micromagnetic HAMR model: investigation of damping dependence and parametric optimization for high performance
Authors: Pantasri W , Meo A , Chantrell R W , Chureemart P , Chureemart J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a novel high-density magnetic recording technology that relies on thermal assist from a laser during the writing process. To achieve high writing performance, it is important to study and optimize the crucial factors affecting the magnetization reversal mechanism at elevated temperature. In this work, we use a multiscale approach that combines atomistic and micromagnetic models to study the magnetization reversal behavior in the recording medium. The atomistic model allows to parameterize accurately the macroscopic approach, which is utilized to model the system and its dynamics. We perform a parametric investigation of the switching properties as a function of the HAMR setup characteristics as well as the material properties, such as magnetic damping. The results show that high damping and moderate external fields can achieve high-performance HAMR media characterized by high switching probability, short switching time and low peak temperature. We demonstrate that switching occurs via the linear reversal mechanism. By systematic variation of the longitudinal susceptibility we force a transition to coherent reversal and demonstrate that this reduces the switching probability, showing linear reversal to be an important component within the HAMR process.
An ensemble deep learning approach for untrained compound fault diagnosis in bearings under unstable conditions
Authors: Jiang Miao , Xiang Yang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based on the dimension invariance property of the data-driven bearing fault diagnosis method, unstable condition data can result in the loss of information and reduced diagnostic accuracy due to inconsistent data dimensions. Furthermore, the fixed parameters of the output layer restrict its ability to accurately diagnose faults beyond the training set, particularly compound faults with limited data. To address these challenges, this study proposes an ensemble deep learning approach for identifying untrained compound faults in bearings operating under non-stationary conditions. Firstly, a signal angular domain processing technique is employed to standardize the dimensionality of the bearing’s state information, effectively mitigating information loss. Secondly, a feature extraction model is established to dynamically capture local microscopic and multilevel features utilizing the adaptability of convolutional neural network (CNN), and it can mine the relevant features of compound faults through the single-fault features. In the verification process, the kmeans algorithm with scalable classification is used to optimize the classifier of CNN. Specifically, the number of cluster centers in kmeans is set to exceed the count of training fault categories. Identification of untrained compound faults is achieved by calculating the Euclidean distances between each feature and the cluster centers, based on the principle of minimum distance. It addresses the challenge of inadequate diagnostic rates for untrained compound faults. The diagnostic outcomes prove that the proposed method has a high diagnostic robustness and generalization ability, which can effectively solve the problem of insufficient fault data and provide a new way of diagnosing untrained compound faults.
Reconstructed estimation method of the multi-frequency GNSS inter-frequency clock bias
Authors: Xiao Jingxin , Li Haojun , Kang Qi , Wang Hu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In consideration of contributions from both carrier phase and pseudorange observations during computation, this study introduces a reconstructed method for estimating the multi-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) inter-frequency clock biases (IFCB). Diverging from conventional approaches that separately calculate the time-varying and constant parts of IFCBs using carrier phase and pseudorange observations, the reconstructed method directly utilizes their combination to estimate satellite IFCBs. To validate the efficacy of the presented approach, 7 d observations from 87 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations are analyzed, with a specific focus on triple-frequency GPS, multi-frequency BDS-3, and Galileo IFCBs, aiming to scrutinize their distinctive characteristics. Furthermore, the performances of satellite IFCB estimation are investigated in both precise point positioning (PPP) and single-point positioning (SPP) using 35 IGS stations over 3 d. The results demonstrate that IFCBs of GPS BLOCK IIIA satellites exhibit centimeter-level variations, distinguishing them from BLOCK IIF counterparts. The Galileo IFCBs vary from millimeter to centimeter level, while those of BDS-3 reach a centimeter level. These variations significantly impact GPS PPP convergence performances but have minimal effects on Galileo and BDS-3 PPP. SPP performances are slightly enhanced when the time-varying IFCB part are taken into account. Additionally, we note disparities in the constant parts of satellite IFCBs computed with differential code bias (DCB) products, reconstructed, and pseudorange observation-based methods, particularly for BDS-3 C2I/C6I-C1P/C5P and C2I/C6I-C1P/C6I combinations. The differences of IFCB estimated with different strategies, SPP and PPP performances show that the reconstructed method is better than others, and the IFCB accuracy decreases when computed with satellite DCB products.