bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming inhibited new soil organic carbon formation with higher bacterial necromass contribution
Authors: Liao Chang , Zhai Deping , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Warming has been consistently observed to reduce soil carbon (C) storage by accelerating soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. While soil C fraction may differentially respond to warming, and microbial necromass has been considered an important contributor to persistent soil C pool. However, how warming regulates microbial necromass formation and their potential contribution to new soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effects of elevated temperature on newly formed amino sugar C (i.e., indicative of fungal and bacterial-derived microbial necromass C) and its allocation in particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fractions in alpine soils of Southwest China, based on 37-day incubation experiments at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃ by adding 13C labeled glucose and oxalic acid. The results showed that warming significantly reduced the formation of new SOC by lowering the incorporation of new C into both POM and MAOM fractions. Glucose addition was found to enhance new SOC formation more effectively than oxalic acid addition regardless of temperature. Warming also significantly decreased the new microbial necromass in both soil fractions with more bacterial necromass associated with mineral particles, which was primarily attributed to a higher abundance of bacterial community. In addition, glucose addition significantly promoted the fungal necromass contribution to newly formed SOC. Overall, this study revealed that warming significantly altered the allocation of newly-formed SOC and microbial necromass, highlighting the different microbial responses in soil C sequestration with implications for predicting and managing soil C stocks in forest ecosystems under climate change.
Suggested Dosing of Select Beta-lactam Agents for the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in Children
Authors: Lockowitz Christine R , Hsu Alice J , Chiotos Kathleen , Bio Laura L , Dassner Aimee M , Gainey Andrew B , Girotto Jennifer E , Iacono Denise , Morrisette Taylor , Stimes Grant , Tran M Tuan , Wilson William S , Tamma Pranita D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) publishes annual guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) gram-negative infections. Within the AMR guidance, suggested dosages of antibiotics for adults infected with AMR pathogens are provided. This document serves as a companion document to the IDSA guidance to assist pediatric specialists with dosing β-lactam agents for the treatment of AMR infections in children. A panel of 13 pediatric infectious diseases specialists, including 11 pharmacists and 2 physicians, reviewed existing pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, animal, and clinical data for newer β-lactam agents that are available in the United States and suggested for the treatment of AMR infections (ie, cefiderocol, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, sulbactam-durlobactam). Suggested dosing for ampicillin-sulbactam is also provided, given complexities in dosing for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Consensus-based suggested dosing for β-lactam agents used to treat AMR infections in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents and relevant supporting evidence are provided. Content is up to date as of December 1, 2024. Gaps and limitations to existing data are discussed. Optimizing antibiotic dosing is critical to improving the outcomes of children with AMR infections.
Convergent pairs of highly transcribed genes restrict chromatin looping in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Zhegalova Irina V , Ulianov Sergey V , Galitsyna Aleksandra A , Pletenev Ilya A , Tsoy Olga V , Luzhin Artem V , Vasiluev Petr A , Bulavko Egor S , Ivankov Dmitry N , Gavrilov Alexey A , Khrameeva Ekaterina E , Gelfand Mikhail S , Razin Sergey V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular slime mold, developing into a multicellular fruiting body upon starvation. Development is accompanied by large-scale shifts in gene expression program, but underlying features of chromatin spatial organization remain unknown. Here, we report that the Dictyostelium 3D genome is organized into positionally conserved, largely consecutive, non-hierarchical and weakly insulated loops at the onset of multicellular development. The transcription level within the loop interior tends to be higher than in adjacent regions. Loop interiors frequently contain functionally linked genes and genes which coherently change expression level during development. Loop anchors are predominantly positioned by the genes in convergent orientation. Results of polymer simulations and Hi-C-based observations suggest that the loop profile may arise from the interplay between transcription and extrusion-driven chromatin folding. In this scenario, a convergent gene pair serves as a bidirectional extrusion barrier or a ‘diode’ that controls passage of the cohesin extruder by relative transcription level of paired genes.
Genetic ancestry superpopulations show distinct prevalence and outcomes across pediatric central nervous system tumors from the PBTA and PNOC
Authors: Corbett Ryan J , Gullickson Cricket C , Geng Zhuangzhuang , Brown Miguel A , Zhang Bo , Zhong Chuwei , Van Kuren Nicholas , Chroni Antonia , Blackden Christopher , Naqvi Ammar S , Plisiewicz Alexa , McHugh Sean , Drake Emmett , Lehmann Kaitlin , Davidson Tom B , Prados Michael , Storm Phillip B , Resnick Adam C , Waanders Angela J , Waszak Sebastian M , Mueller Sabine , Rokita Jo Lynne , Kline Cassie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors lead to cancer-related mortality in children. Genetic ancestry-associated cancer prevalence and outcomes have been studied, but is limited.

Methods
We performed genetic ancestry prediction in 1,452 pediatric patients with paired normal and tumor whole genome sequencing from the Open Pediatric Cancer (OpenPedCan) project to evaluate the influence of reported race and ethnicity and ancestry-based genetic superpopulations on tumor histology, molecular subtype, survival, and treatment.

Results
Predicted superpopulations included African (AFR, N=153), Admixed American (AMR, N=222), East Asian (EAS, N=67), European (EUR, N=968), and South Asian (SAS, N=42). Reported race and ethnicity and ancestry-based genetic superpopulations were non-randomly associated (p&lt;0.001). Patients with an atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor or meningioma were enriched for AFR ancestry (OR=2.6, FDR=0.01; OR=2.9, FDR=0.01, respectively). Among KIAA1549::BRAF fusion-positive low-grade glioma (LGG) diagnoses, EAS and SAS patients disproportionately harbored exon 15:09 breakpoints (FDR&lt;0.05), and AMR patients demonstrated rare breakpoints, which were associated with lesser degree of surgical resection and worse event free survival (EFS) versus other breakpoints (HR=4.6, p=0.03). Non-EUR and AMR patients with germ cell tumors and SHH-activated medulloblastoma, respectively, exhibited worse EFS relative to EUR patients (HR=12.1, p&lt;0.01; HR=5.2, p=0.03) and AFR patients with LGG (HR=16.4, p&lt;0.01) or ependymoma (HR=5.5, p=0.02) had worse overall survival compared to EUR patients. We observed higher frequency of clinical trial enrollment among AMR patients across tumor histologies (OR=2.0, p=&lt;0.01), but increased utilization of photon versus proton radiation relative to other superpopulations (OR=0.55, p=0.04).

Conclusions
Genetic ancestry-associated differences exist across pediatric CNS tumor histological and molecular subtypes from PBTA and PNOC. Further investigation into genetic and socioeconomic factors contributing to these observed inequities is needed.
Cannabis use among Dutch patients with a primary brain tumor
Authors: Belgers Vera , Rietveld Niek A , de Witt Hamer Philip C , Niers Johanna M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cancer patients commonly use cannabis to improve symptoms or for presumed anti-cancer effects. However, the extent and type of cannabis use among Dutch primary brain tumor patients, along with their motivations, remains unclear. This study aims to determine the prevalence of prior or current cannabis use in patients with a primary brain tumor, the type of cannabis used, their motivation, how they perceived the effects of the cannabis, and what adverse effects they noticed.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult primary brain tumor patients who visited the neuro-oncology outpatient clinic at Amsterdam UMC between August and October 2023.

Results
Of 100 responding patients, 51% had ever used cannabis and 14% currently used cannabis. Of the total group, 19% currently or previously used cannabis for tumor-related reasons including symptom relief (n = 14; 74%) and presumed effect on the tumor (n = 8; 42%), indicating that some patients used it for multiple therapeutic purposes. Patients favored cannabidiol (CBD) over Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Self-reported sleep, anxiety, worrying, and depressive symptoms most frequently improved due to cannabis use, and the most common self-reported adverse events included drowsiness, dry mouth, and dizziness.

Conclusions
A considerable amount of primary brain tumor patients use cannabis, often for symptom relief or presumed anti-tumor effects. The user rate underscores a demand for clinical research into the therapeutic efficacy of cannabis, particularly concerning its impact on symptoms like sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and anxiety/worrying, as well as its tumor-inhibiting capabilities.
Fifteen Years of NOVA Food-Processing Classification: “Friend or Foe” Among Sustainable Diet Indicators? A Scoping Review
Authors: Tompa Orsolya , Kiss Anna , Soós Sándor , Lakner Zoltán , Raner Ana , Kasza Gyula , Szakos Dávid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It has been 15 years since the introduction of the NOVA food-processing classification. While it was designed to identify ultra-processed foods linked to noncommunicable diseases, the NOVA system has a holistic concept that fits with sustainable nutrition. However, NOVA’s connection to other sustainable diet indicators has not been thoroughly explored. The aim was to summarize the research and methodological context of using the NOVA system with other sustainable diet indicators and to investigate NOVA’s synergies and discordance with them. A scoping review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses—Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies published between 2009 and 2023 were collected from the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. 1612 studies were initially screened; in the selected studies (n = 77), the NOVA system was applied in addition to other sustainable diet indicator(s). The studies were analyzed within a qualitative data analysis framework. 77 studies were analyzed in which healthiness (n = 66), environmental pressure (n = 9), affordability (n = 11), other processing classifications (n = 6), and other sustainable diet indicators (n = 10) were applied with NOVA. Among them, the identified relationships between the NOVA system and other healthfulness indicators were synergistic in the majority of studies (n = 70/93). For environmental pressure indicators, a mixed picture was observed; the NOVA classification was predominantly synergistic with greenhouse gas emissions (n = 8/13), while it was mostly discordant with fresh water use (n = 8/12). Economic affordability was also found to be discordant with the NOVA classification in the majority of studies (n = 10/16). To complete the NOVA classification with nutrient profiling would be beneficial to identify healthy diets. In the case of the integration of NOVA into sustainable nutrition research, environmental pressure and economic affordability indicators should be controlled to reach optimal trade-offs for more sustainable diets. The application of NOVA is gaining relevance; thus, its methodological adaptation to sustainable nutrition research is necessary.
Pembrolizumab ± paricalcitol in metastatic pancreatic cancer postmaximal cytoreduction
Authors: Chung Vincent , Alistar Angela , Becerra Carlos , Kasi Anup , Borazanci Erkut , Jameson Gayle S , Roe Denise J , Wertheim Betsy C , Cridebring Derek , Truitt Morgan , Downes Michael , Barrett Michael T , Korn Ron , Lee Keehoon , Han Haiyong , Evans Ronald , Von Hoff Daniel D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Lessons learned
Intravenous paricalcitol did not improve the efficacy of pembrolizumab, likely related to the short half-life.

Background
Immunotherapy has limited benefit in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with the tumor microenvironment playing a key role in immune resistance. In preclinical studies, vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists have been shown to sensitize pancreatic tumors to PD-1 blockade.

Methods
This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase II trial to evaluate pembrolizumab with or without paricalcitol as maintenance therapy for patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Participants were ≥18 years; histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic PDAC showing no disease progression after frontline systemic therapy, and achieving maximal cytoreduction (eg, with no further antitumor effect), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status of 0 or 1; adequate organ function. Study treatment included: pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks and either paricalcitol 25 mcg IV 3 times per week or placebo. The primary objective was to evaluate 6-month progression free survival (PFS). Secondary objectives include evaluating the toxicity of the combination and overall survival (OS).

Results
There was no significant difference in 6-month PFS, median PFS, median OS, nor treatment-related AEs between the 2 arms.

Conclusions and relevance
Paricalcitol did not improve the efficacy of pembrolizumab likely related to its short half-life of only 5-7 hours. Microbiome analysis revealed significant difference between long-term (&gt;12 weeks) and short-term (&lt;12 weeks) survival groups across treatment arms. Modulation of the tumor microenvironment will likely require more sustained VDR activity.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT03331562.
Why High-Level Explanations Exist
Authors: Strevens Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High-level explanation would be impossible without a certain kind of independence of high-level behavior from low-level behavior. This partial autonomy has been characterized in various ways by scientists and philosophers; the present chapter advances a particular characterization deemed ‘semi-detachment’. The main business of the chapter is to pose and suggest an answer to the question why semi-detachment should be so widespread, enabling the existence of explanatory scientific disciplines—evolutionary biology, sociology, economics—that operate almost entirely separately from the disciplines that study their lower-level substrates (microbiology and psychology, for example). The approach explored here turns on low-level details' propensity to cancel or balance out in much the same way that the outcomes produced by a simple chance setup such as a coin toss balance out to produce stable frequencies. Such ‘canceling out’ considerations, it is argued, provide at least a partial account of why high-level explanations in the sciences should be, not merely possible, but plentiful.
Popemaniacs (1). Idolatrous Ingenuity
Authors: Garrod Raphaële 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Among pope idolaters venerating Canon Law, Pantagruel experiences the itch to beat a papal usher after holding their book of Decretals. He describes their papal portrait (a prized relic to them) as Dædalic art before his companions equate his supposed powers to the divine ability a beggar’s gangrenous leg would have to draw gold to its owner. The episode satirizes papal artistic propaganda fostering idolatry as contagion. It also discloses Rabelais’s exploration into the animation of artefacts. Drawing on Erasmus’s adage ‘The Works of Dædalus’ and Fernel’s account of gangrene or ‘sideration’ as live infection, Rabelais articulates an alternative account of the aesthetic impact of ingenious art: one which does not foreground appreciation for mimetic lifelikeness born from the artist’s regulated talent, but wonder and the sympathetic pull of simulated animation born from the alienating cunning of its maker and from its audience’s spirited rather than spiritual ingenium.
Popemaniacs (2). Grotesque Reflections on Social Ingenuity
Authors: Garrod Raphaële 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter investigates Rabelais’s ambiguous take on the social performances of ingenuity—as conversational wit, as gastronomical and sartorial refinement, as ceremonial grace—and embeds it in Renaissance grotesque visual culture. Rabelais acknowledges that ingenuity manifests our embodiment; its inventions fostering elaborate sociability are also manifestations of sin, as the parting exchange of gifts makes clear. In the table-talk at the Papimanes banquet, Pantagruel’s crew indulges in a sustained, witty set of attacks against the witlessness and lack of spirituality of their blissfully unaware host. All their anecdotes apparently praising the powers of Canon Law (evil befalls anyone who misuses them) in fact denounce specific failures of cognitive ingenuity in their host: lack of flair, of quick-thinking, of conversational empathy. Yet they themselves fall prey to excesses of ingenuity: they lust for the graceful ceremony of the maids, and indulge in hypocritical dissimulation.
The Breath and the Breeze
Authors: Garrod Raphaële 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the Macræons episode, Rabelais explores the limits of animation: the airy dissolution of the heroic ingenium or inborn nature into last breath and the tempestuous, portentous winds that mark it. A rewriting of Plutarch’s On the Obsolescence of Oracles, this episode also owes much to the Hippocratic ‘meteorological’ conception of animation and its Galenic reception, which forefront the importance of air, breath, and wind. It also captures the dynamism of collective ingenuity in the form of the eschatological impulse of shared conjectures—from natural-philosophical explanations to divination—as the crew attempts to make sense with their host, the old Macrobius, of the tempest which has spewed them on his shores and, beyond death, of the experience of the dying breath. This impulse culminates lyrically in Pantagruel’s story about the oracular foretelling of the death of Pan shaking the whole of nature, which he reinterprets as the death of Christ.
Animation and the Matter of Voice
Authors: Garrod Raphaële 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This episode captures the reactions and reinventions that the diffuse animation of ancient voices can prompt. The first of these reactions is panic. It is met once again by Pantagruel’s conjectures. These progress from an oracular interpretation undermined by irony to an increasingly facetious and poetic allegory of the transmission of culture as ingenious, grotesque reinvention. Rabelais manipulates the polysemy of spiritus—soul, air, voice—in order to represent cultural transmission as a natural phenomenon characterized by elusive fragmentariness. This precarious transmission prompts synaesthetic wonder. Once materialized, as they release the soundscape of war, the thawing words become noise but also potentially taste, colour, and palpable textures. Rabelais’s exploration of our response to voice is also a genealogy of its biological production: onomatopoeia repeatedly puns medical accounts of voice. Cultural transmission no longer entails passing on truths or clear auctorial meanings but re-animating the expressive potential of ancient voices.
Gastrointestinal problems
Authors: Hauer Julie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter covers sources of acute and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including those due to the impaired nervous system. Management of recurrent GI pain, emesis, and functional ileus is covered in detail, including scheduled medications and acute management plans for breakthrough episodes. Routine considerations reviewed include constipation, gastro-oesophageal reflux, anti-emetic drugs, formula osmolality, blenderized diet, and dysmenorrhea. Children with severe neurological impairment who are non-ambulatory with a feeding tube and low length for age have risk for overestimated calories that can result in GI symptoms and excess weight gain. A guide to calorie decisions is included. A review of feeding intolerance distinguishes the routine time frame for feed advancement from a slower pace over 10–14+ days, highlighting why this can be needed and when to consider. Finally, a review of intractable feeding intolerance following comprehensive assessment and management considers the options of peripheral nutrition, discontinuation of medical nutrition, and intestinal failure that can be a feature at the end of life.
Problems of the central nervous system
Authors: Hauer Julie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Children with severe neurological impairment (SNI) often have comorbid neuro-problems due to the impaired central nervous system. This chapter covers spasticity, dystonia, autonomic dysfunction, seizures, altered sleep, dementia, and delirium. A framework for all problems uses the ABCD tool from Chapter 1 and covers problems that can worsen neuro-problems both acutely and chronically, such as acute illness, adverse drug reactions, and neuro-pain. Treatment of neuro-problems is covered, using a goal-directed framework, starting with a goal of seizure free and no breakthrough neuro-problem events. This goal can shift to treatment that enhances good days without oversedation from multiple medications. Evidence-based guidelines include management outside of the intensive care unit and dosing guidelines when clonidine formulation is limited to tablets given clonidine’s use for neuro-problems. Specific challenges covered include communicating risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), delirium in children with SNI, dementia in childhood conditions, and neuronal apoptosis as a reason for persistent problems without a clear aetiology.
Comfort as the primary care goal and end-of-life considerations for children with severe neurological impairment
Authors: Hauer Julie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
End-of-life (EOL) care is a continuation of care throughout life. This chapter expands on information from prior chapters, with an emphasis on shared perspectives at times of diminishing likelihood of achieving a desired goal. Respect for parent preferences is a cornerstone of EOL care. The many tasks leading up to and through the dying and bereavement phase require significant time and specific skills. The tasks covered in this chapter include different trajectories prior to EOL, goal-directed considerations that precede EOL, location of death, logistical tasks before and following death, anticipatory grief, memory making, EOL symptom management, the anticipated time frame, preparing families for EOL features, death that is sudden or feels unexpected, reflecting with parents on events leading up to death, grief and bereavement care for families, and team support.
What is RLS?
Authors: Spector Andrew R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Restless legs syndrome is a sensorimotor disorder in which people experience an unpleasant urge to move, often in the legs, that is worse later in the day and better with movement. The diagnosis is clinical and does not rely on specific tests. RLS must be distinguished from the related condition of periodic limb movements of sleep. Diagnostic mimics for RLS include neuropathy, leg cramps, akathisia, and painful legs moving toes syndrome. People with RLS should seek medical help when the symptoms are bothersome enough to impact their quality of life.