bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing shared understanding of economic exchange among children and adults
Authors: Gianinno Lawrence , Crittenden Victoria L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractResearch into children's understanding of economic exchanges has been conducted within two major purviews. Psychologists and sociologists have examined children's understanding via age‐related developmental theories, and economists have focused upon measures of economic literacy. Anthropologists and sociologists have included noneconomic factors in examining the economic‐exchange practices of adults, but the role of such social or moral influences has not been examined within the context of children as consumers. With the use of this research foundation, the current research is one of the first reported attempts to include children and adults in the same study to determine if there is a shared understanding of economic exchanges. As such, the role of noneconomic factors as a part of the everyday economic‐exchange behavior of children was also examined. Study findings suggest that past research has underestimated children's understanding of the economic world, as the current research found that children, ages 7–12 years, exhibited many of the same facets of intuitive economic understanding as adults from their own community group. The findings also suggested that the influence of noneconomic variables becomes greater as children grow into adulthood. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The interaction of retail density and music tempo: Effects on shopper responses
Authors: Eroglu Sevgin A. , Machleit Karen A. , Chebat Jean‐Charles 
Published: May 2005

AbstractResearch examining the effects of store environment on shoppers has found that a number of atmospheric cues have significant effects on shoppers' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. To date, retail atmospheric cues have been studied in isolation, instead of simultaneously, like they occur in the retail setting. This study examines the interactive effects of two atmospheric cues—retail density and music tempo—and their impact on shopper responses within a real shopping environment. Based on the schema incongruity model, it is found that shopper hedonic and utilitarian evaluations of the shopping experience are highest under conditions of slow music/high density and fast music/low density. Significant main effects of music tempo are found for behavioral responses such as approach/avoidance tendency and extent of browsing behavior. The results underscore the need to examine interactive effects of atmospheric cues to better understand the impact of the store environment on shoppers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the mechanism and determinants of compromise effects
Authors: Sheng Shibin , Parker Andrew M. , Nakamoto Kent 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this article, compromise effects are distinguished theoretically from attraction effects, which have received more research attention in the past. This article proposes and tests expected‐loss minimization under decision uncertainty as the underlying mechanism to explain compromise effects. Next, it examines the effects of a consumer's familiarity with the product and attribute‐importance structure on compromise effects. The empirical results demonstrate the negative influences of familiarity and asymmetry of attribute importance on compromise effects, as well as the mediating effect of attribute importance on the familiarity–compromise‐effect relationship. Further research directions are also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clay Functionalization and Organization for Delamination of the Silicate Tactoids in Poly(L‐lactide) Matrix
Authors: Chen Guang‐Xin , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Three kinds of organoclay, i.e., Cloisite15A® (C15A), Cloisite20A® (C20A), and Cloisite30B® (C30B) were modified with silane to prepare twice functionalized organoclay (TFC). The pristine Cloisite® clays and the TFC were melt compounded with poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and morphology of the composites was observed to elucidate the effects of the d001 gallery distance, the epoxy content of TFC, and the compatibility between the organic ammonium surfactant and PLLA on the degree of exfoliation of the clay layers.Plots of ITFC/ICloisite versus epoxy content for PLLA composites with (a) Cloisite15A® (C15A), (b) Cloisite20A® (C20A), (c) Cloisite30B® (C30B).magnified imagePlots of ITFC/ICloisite versus epoxy content for PLLA composites with (a) Cloisite15A® (C15A), (b) Cloisite20A® (C20A), (c) Cloisite30B® (C30B).
Controlling the Deintercalation in Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR)/Organo‐Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by Curing with Peroxide
Authors: Gatos Konstantinos G. , Százdi László , Pukánszky Béla , Karger‐Kocsis József 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: The effect of peroxide vulcanization on organoclay dispersion in hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR)/organo‐montmorillonite (organo‐MMT) nanocomposites was investigated. Three types of organoclays were tested, one containing a primary amine and two bearing quaternary intercalants. In contrast to sulfur vulcanization, which in combination with primary amine intercalants produced a confined/deintercalated clay structure, the peroxide curing yielded well‐ordered intercalated nanocomposites. The tensile mechanical performance and oxygen permeability of the HNBR nanocomposites were determined.Oxygen permeability coefficient ratio for the different HNBR films tested at 0 and 60% relative humidity (i.e., dry and wet conditions, respectively).magnified imageOxygen permeability coefficient ratio for the different HNBR films tested at 0 and 60% relative humidity (i.e., dry and wet conditions, respectively).
Phase Separation and Organisation of Colloidal Spheres Suspended in Sheared Lyotropic Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Zhang Shanju , Terentjev Eugene M. , Donald Athene M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSummary: Organisation behaviours of spherical particles suspended in sheared, lyotropic, liquid‐crystalline polymer solutions have been investigated using polarizing optical microscopy. We find that in a nematic phase the particles phase separate and adopt anisotropic chain‐like structures along the director. An earring defect is observed around a single particle whereas a cross or strings defect between neighbouring particles is found to serve as a repulsive barrier to prevent the particles from contacting each other. A theoretical analysis is presented to explain this new phenomenon.An optical micrograph of 0.01 wt.‐% glass spheres suspended in a nematic solution of 40 wt.‐% ethyl cellulose in chloroform under an external shear force.magnified imageAn optical micrograph of 0.01 wt.‐% glass spheres suspended in a nematic solution of 40 wt.‐% ethyl cellulose in chloroform under an external shear force.
In vitro characterization of an Fe8 cluster as potential MRI contrast agent
Authors: Rodríguez Elisenda , Roig Anna , Molins Elies , Arús Carles , Quintero María Rosa , Cabañas Miquel E. , Cerdán Sebastián , Lopez‐Larrubia Pilar , Sanfeliu Coral 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe complex [(tacn)6Fe8(µ3‐O)2(µ2‐OH)12]Br8·9H2O (Fe8) was evaluated in vitro as a new kind of possible MRI contrast agent. Relaxivities were measured at 1.41 and 9.4 T for Fe8 and commercial Gd‐DTPA dissolved in PBS. There was significant difference for r1 and r2 values between Fe8 and Gd‐DTPA at high field (9.4 T) and for r1 at low field (1.4 T) (p<0.05). Phantom studies with T1‐weighted MRI at 9.4 T suggest T1 contrast potential for Fe8. That is, up to 5.2 times higher intensity enhancement with respect to that of equimolar Gd‐DTPA was obtained with an Fe8 concentration, referred to the whole molecule, of 0.2 mM, for which no toxicity on C6 cells could be detected. No toxic effects on cultured C6 cells were observed up to a concentration of 1 mM Fe8. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interior numerical approximation of boundary value problems with a distributional data
Authors: Babuška Ivo , Nistor Victor 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe study the approximation properties of a harmonic function u ∈ H1−k(Ω), k > 0, on a relatively compact subset A of Ω, using the generalized finite element method (GFEM). If Ω = 𝒪, for a smooth, bounded domain 𝒪, we obtain that the GFEM‐approximation uS ∈ S of u satisfies ‖u − uS‖ ≤ Chγ‖u‖, where h is the typical size of the “elements” defining the GFEM‐space S and γ ≥ 0 is such that the local approximation spaces contain all polynomials of degree k + γ. The main technical ingredient is an extension of the classical super‐approximation results of Nitsche and Schatz (Applicable Analysis 2 (1972), 161–168; Math Comput 28 (1974), 937–958). In addition to the usual “energy” Sobolev spaces H1(𝒪), we need also the duals of the Sobolev spaces Hm(𝒪), m ∈ ℤ+. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Least‐squares finite element method on adaptive grid for PDEs with shocks
Authors: Xue Jiaxing , Liao Guojun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe apply the least‐squares finite element method with adaptive grid to nonlinear time‐dependent PDEs with shocks. The least‐squares finite element method is also used in applying the deformation method to generate the adaptive moving grids. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by solving a Burgers' equation with shocks. Computational results on uniform grids and adaptive grids are compared for the purpose of evaluation. The results show that the adaptive grids can capture the shock more sharply with significantly less computational time. For moving shock, the adaptive grid moves correctly with the shock. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
Numerical solution to the optimal birth feedback control of a population dynamics: viscosity solution approach
Authors: Guo Bao‐Zhu , Sun Bing 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the optimal birth control of a McKendrick‐type age‐structured population dynamic system. We use the dynamic programming approach in our investigation. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation satisfied by the value function is derived. It is shown that the value function is the viscosity solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. The optimal birth feedback control is found explicitly through the value function. A finite difference scheme is designed to obtain the numerical solution of the optimal birth feedback control. The validity of the optimality of the obtained control is verified numerically by comparing with different controls under the same constraint. All the data utilized in the computation are taken from the census of the population of China in 1989. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic light‐emitting devices having chemically‐doped arylamine oligomer as a hole injection layer
Authors: Ito Takayuki , Asaka Jiro , Dao Kinh Luan Thanh , Kido Junji 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA soluble and thermally stable arylamine oligomer containing difluorenyl groups was prepared and applied to organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) as a hole injection layer. The oligomer layer was doped with a Lewis acid and formed by spin coating from the dichloroethane solution. The OLED with a structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/Lewis‐acid‐doped arylamine oligomer/N,N′‐dinaphthyl‐N,N′‐diphenyl bendizine (α‐NPD)/tris(8‐quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (Alq3)/LiF/Al showed lower drive voltages and higher power efficiencies, compared with the devices without the hole injection oligomer layer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are triggered during human liver transplantation
Authors: Emadali Anouk , Nguyên Duc Thang , Rochon Caroline , Tzimas Georges N , Metrakos Peter P , Chevet Eric 
Published: May 2005

AbstractInjury due to cold ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) represents a major cause of primary graft non‐function following human liver transplantation. This major cellular response translates into a dramatic decrease in intracellular ATP concentration during the ischaemic phase, thus sensitizing cells to reperfusion shock. We postulated that IR‐induced cellular damage might cause alterations of the secretory pathway, particularly at the level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. Under these circumstances, the ER triggers an adaptive response named the ‘unfolded protein response’ (UPR). In this study, we show that the expression of BiP, CHOP/GADD153 and GADD34, known to be induced specifically upon ER stress, are differentially affected upon IR, thus suggesting that distinct ER stress responses are activated during each phase of transplantation. With an approach combining semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and immunoblotting using phospho‐specific antibodies, we show that the IRE‐1 pathway is activated upon early ischaemia and, in a second phase, upon early reperfusion. This occurs through the atypical splicing of XBP‐1 mRNA, its translation into a transcriptionally active XBP‐1 protein and the subsequent increase in EDEM mRNA expression, and may also contribute to the observed reperfusion‐induced activation of MAPK/SAPK. In contrast, we demonstrate that the PERK pathway, leading to inhibition of cap‐dependent translation, is mainly activated upon reperfusion, as shown by PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation. PERK activation is detected restrictively in sinusoidal endothelial cells and could contribute to the exaggerated sensivity of this liver cell type to IR injury. These results correlate well with the observed defect in protein secretion and suggest that the biphasic ER stress response may influence liver secretory functions and, as a consequence, condition liver transplantation outcomes. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithms to identify colonic ischemia, complications of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in medical claims data: development and validation
Authors: Sands Bruce E. , Duh Mei‐Sheng , Cali Clorinda , Ajene Anuli , Bohn Rhonda L. , Miller David , Cole J. Alexander , Cook Suzanne F. , Walker Alexander M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPurposeA challenge in the use of insurance claims databases for epidemiologic research is accurate identification and verification of medical conditions. This report describes the development and validation of claims‐based algorithms to identify colonic ischemia, hospitalized complications of constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsFrom the research claims databases of a large healthcare company, we selected at random 120 potential cases of IBS and 59 potential cases each of colonic ischemia and hospitalized complications of constipation. We sought the written medical records and were able to abstract 107, 57, and 51 records, respectively. We established a ‘true’ case status for each subject by applying standard clinical criteria to the available chart data. Comparing the insurance claims histories to the assigned case status, we iteratively developed, tested, and refined claims‐based algorithms that would capture the diagnoses obtained from the medical records. We set goals of high specificity for colonic ischemia and hospitalized complications of constipation, and high sensitivity for IBS.ResultsThe resulting algorithms substantially improved on the accuracy achievable from a naïve acceptance of the diagnostic codes attached to insurance claims. The specificities for colonic ischemia and serious complications of constipation were 87.2 and 92.7%, respectively, and the sensitivity for IBS was 98.9%.ConclusionsU.S. commercial insurance claims data appear to be usable for the study of colonic ischemia, IBS, and serious complications of constipation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic profiling of facial development in chick embryos
Authors: Mangum Jonathan E. , Farlie Peter G. , Hubbard Michael J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCraniofacial disorders are associated with one‐third of human birth defects but the underlying molecular and cellular causes remain poorly understood. Proteomics seems well‐placed to benefit this medically important area but the scarcity of embryonic tissues poses a major challenge. In this study, we applied a microsample proteomics strategy to investigate the first branchial arch, an embryonic structure crucial for facial development, and found that proteome analysis is both practicable and informative despite the scarcity of tissue. Exploiting the embryonic chick as a tractable source of accurately staged tissue, we developed a sequential extraction procedure to interface with one‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1‐D PAGE) and 2‐D PAGE. In 2‐D gels, about 8% of the visible proteome changed between embryonic days 3 and 5, and the identities determined for 21 proteins accorded with the rapid growth during this period. These results led to the first molecular identification of chicken alpha‐fetoprotein, and an unusual localisation of vimentin to endoderm. With over 470 protein spots accessible, this comparative proteomics approach has good prospects for providing new markers, functional hypotheses and genes to target in functional tests. A broader value of extending these approaches to facial development in other species and to other areas in embryology can be anticipated.
Preparation of protein extracts from recalcitrant plant tissues: An evaluation of different methods for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis
Authors: Carpentier Sebastien Christian , Witters Erwin , Laukens Kris , Deckers Peter , Swennen Rony , Panis Bart 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study focuses on the specific problems of protein extraction from recalcitrant plant tissues and evaluates several methods to bypass them. Sample preparation is a critical step in a two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis proteome approach and is absolutely essential for good results. We evaluated four methods: the classical trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone precipitation, TCA/acetone precipitation and fractionation, an alternative based on fractionation and without precipitation, and phenol extraction methanol/ammonium acetate precipitation. We optimized the phenol extraction protocol for small amounts of tissue, which is essential when the study material is limited. The protocol was optimized for banana (Musa spp.) and was subsequently applied to two other plant species: apple (Malus domestica L.) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Banana (Musa spp.) is a good representative of a “difficult” plant species since it contains many interfering metabolites. Only classical TCA/acetone precipitation and phenol extraction methods proved useful as standard methods. Both methods are associated with a minor but reproducible loss of proteins. Every extraction method and the subsequent analytical procedure have their physicochemical limitations; both methods should be investigated before selecting an appropriate protocol. The study, which is presented in this paper, is useful for guiding the experimental setup of many other nonmodel species, containing various interfering elements.
Holistic differential analysis of embryo‐induced alterations in the proteome of bovine endometrium in the preattachment period
Authors: Berendt Frank J. , Fröhlich Thomas , Schmidt Susanne E. M. , Reichenbach Horst‐Dieter , Wolf Eckhard , Arnold Georg J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDuring the peri‐implantation period, molecular signaling between embryo and endometrium (layer of tissue lining the uterus lumen) is supposed to be crucial for the maintenance of pregnancy. To investigate embryo‐induced alterations in the proteome of bovine endometrium in the preattachment period (day 18), we used monozygotic cattle twins (generated by embryo splitting) as a model eliminating genetic variability as a source for proteome differences. One of the twins was pregnant after the transfer of two in vitro produced blastocysts, while the corresponding twin received a sham‐transfer and served as a nonpregnant control. The two‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE) analysis of the endometrium samples of three twin pairs (pregnant/nonpregnant) revealed four proteins with significantly higher abundance (p < 10−9) in each sample derived from the pregnant animals: Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta; 20 alpha‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha‐HSD); soluble NADP+‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; and acyl‐CoA‐binding protein. To verify the accuracy of the 2‐D DIGE quantification, the abundances of 20 alpha‐HSD were quantified by a targeted cleavable isotope‐coded affinity tag (ICAT) approach. The mass spectrometry‐based ICAT quantification matched perfectly the results obtained by 2‐D DIGE quantification, demonstrating the accuracy of our data. These results demonstrate that our model (monozygotic twins) in combination with the appropriate analytical tools is particularly suitable for the detection of the proteins involved in the embryo–maternal interactions.
Proteome profile of human urine with two‐dimensional liquid phase fractionation
Authors: Soldi Monica , Sarto Cecilia , Valsecchi Cristina , Magni Fulvio , Proserpio Vanessa , Ticozzi Davide , Mocarelli Paolo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo‐dimensional liquid chromatography separation (2‐DL), based on chromatofocusing for first dimension and hydrophobicity for second, can be used as a complementary method to two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). A platform now available, ProteomeLab PF 2D provided by Beckman Coulter, (Fullerton, CA, USA), assembles these methods in automation. This system was applied to resolve large numbers of urine proteins. Reproducibility and sensitivity in protein resolution were evaluated in this study using urines collected from male blood donors. About 1000 peaks were detected at a pH range of 4.0–8.5 by applying 1 mg of proteins. Furthermore, the same fractions showing peaks with high absorbance intensities in second dimension were collected and subjected to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight/mass spectrometry analysis for identification. The results showed that the 2‐DL provides high reproducibility of two‐dimensional protein map, and lends fractions to subsequent mass spectrometry analysis without the further need for extraction or solubilization of samples as required for spots excised from 2‐DE gels. In addition, this system also allows to separate particularly proteins with 40–9 kDa molecular weight.
Glycoproteomics of N‐glycosylation by in‐gel deglycosylation and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight mass spectrometry mapping: Application to congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Šagi Dijana , Kienz Petra , Denecke Jonas , Marquardt Thorsten , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA general strategy for the structural evaluation of N‐glycosylation, a common post‐translational protein modification, is presented. The methods for the release of N‐linked glycans from the gel‐separated proteins, their isolation, purification and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis of their mixtures were optimised. Since many glycoproteins are available only at low quantities from sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or two‐dimensional gels, high attention was paid to obtain N‐glycan mixtures representing their actual composition in human plasma by in‐gel deglycosylation. The relative sensitivity of solid MALDI matrices for MS analysis of acidic N‐glycans was compared. The most favourable results for native acidic N‐glycans were obtained with 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone monohydrate/diammoniumcitrate as a matrix. This matrix provided good results for both neutral and acidic mixtures as well as for methylated N‐glycans. In the second part of this paper the potential of such an optimised MS strategy alone or in combination with high pH anion‐exchange chromatography profiling for the clinical diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation is presented.