bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the Trade‐off Between Efficient Electrochemical Doping and High State Retention in Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Synaptic Transistors
Authors: Sung Min‐Jun , Seo Dae‐Gyo , Kim Jingwan , Baek Ho Eon , Go Gyeong‐Tak , Woo Seung‐Je , Kim Kwan‐Nyeong , Yang Hoichang , Kim Yun‐Hi , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo achieve superior device performance such as low threshold voltage Vth, high maximum on‐current Ion,max, and long retention time in electrolyte‐gated organic synaptic transistors, efficient electrochemical doping and high state retention are essential. However, these characteristics generally show a trade‐off relationship. This work introduces an effective strategy to increase retention time while promoting efficient electrochemical doping. The approach involves blending two polymer semiconductors (PSCs) that have the same backbone but different types of side chains. Polymer synaptic transistors (PSTs) with the blend film showed the lowest Vth, highest Ion,max, longest retention time, and superior cyclic stability compared to PSTs that used films containing only one of the PSCs. The improvement in electrical and synaptic properties achieved through the blend strategy is consistently reproducible and comprehensive. It is attributed this improvement to the increased redox activity and constrained morphological changes observed in the blended PSCs during electrochemical doping, as confirmed by several electrochemical characterizations. This work is the first to increase retention time in PSTs without increasing the crystallinity of polymer film or sacrificing the electrochemical doping efficiency, which has been regarded as an unavoidable compromise in this field. This method provides an effective way to tune synaptic properties for various neuromorphic applications.
A Low‐Temperature Carbonization Strategy for Efficient Viscous Crude Oil Spill Disposal without Hydrophobic Coating: CoFe‐PBA‐Catalyzed Carbonization of Superhydrophobic Flame Retardant Melamine Sponge
Authors: Guan Haocun , Lian Richeng , Li Rongjia , Zhu Jianhao , Zhao Zexuan , Liu Lei , Chen Xilei , Jiao Chuanmei , Kuang Shaoping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to the difficulty of absorbing viscous crude oil, there is an urgent need for carbon sponges with excellent photothermal properties and oil‐water separation capabilities to reduce viscosity and facilitate oil absorption. However, the preparation of high‐temperature carbonization leads to poor mechanical properties, low absorption capacity, and stringent preparation conditions. To solve these challenges, a highly hydrophobic flame‐retardant melamine sponge (CPBA@CMS) is designed by assembling sponge at the interface of cobalt–iron Prussian blue (CoFe‐PBA) derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and conducting low‐temperature catalytic carbonization under nitrogen. The results demonstrate that CPBA@CMS exhibits excellent superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle = 169.7°) and oil absorption capacity (80.7–219.5 g g−1). Furthermore, CPBA@CMS displays remarkable photothermal effects and thermal conductivity, making it adaptable to various environmental conditions. It can rapidly rise to 141 °C under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiation, with the maximum oil absorption rate reaching 98% and the highest oil absorption capacity at 105.5 g g−1. Additionally, CPBA@CMS shows significant fire safety performance, reducing heat release rate by 84.2%, smoke factor by 97.5%, and CO release rate by 81.4%, respectively. It provides an efficient, safe, and sustainable practical solution for effectively addressing spills of crude oil.
Recent Advances in Hybrid Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Liu Lifeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeawater electrolysis (SWE) is a promising and potentially cost‐effective approach to hydrogen production, considering that seawater is vastly abundant and SWE is able to combine with offshore renewables producing green hydrogen. However, SWE has long been suffering from technical challenges including the high energy demand and interference of chlorine chemistry, leading electrolyzers to a low efficiency and short lifespan. In this context, hybrid SWE, operated by replacing the energy‐demanding oxygen evolution reaction and interfering chlorine evolution reaction (CER) with a thermodynamically more favorable anodic oxidation reaction (AOR) or by designing innovative electrolyzer cells, has recently emerged as a better alternative, which not only allows SWE to occur in a safe and energy‐saving manner without the notorious CER, but also enables co‐production of value‐added chemicals or elimination of environmental pollutants. This review provides a first account of recent advances in hybrid SWE for hydrogen production. The substitutional AOR of various small molecules or redox mediators, in couple with hydrogen evolution from seawater, is comprehensively summarized. Moreover, how the electrolyzer cell design helps in hybrid SWE is briefly discussed. Last, the current challenges and future outlook about the development of the hybrid SWE technology are outlined.
Vapor‐Phase Synthesis of Electrocatalytic Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mohamed Syed Ibrahim Gnani Peer , Namvar Shahriar , Zhang Tan , Shahbazi Hessam , Jiang Zhen , Rappe Andrew M. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin , Nejati Siamak 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe inability to process many covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as thin films plagues their widespread utilization. Herein, a vapor‐phase pathway for the bottom‐up synthesis of a class of porphyrin‐based COFs is presented. This approach allows integrating electrocatalysts made of metal‐ion‐containing COFs into the electrodes’ architectures in a single‐step synthesis and deposition. By precisely controlling the metal sites at the atomic level, remarkable electrocatalytic performance is achieved, resulting in unprecedentedly high mass activity values. How the choice of metal atoms, i.e., cobalt and copper, can determine the catalytic activities of POR‐COFs is demonstrated. The theoretical data proves that the Cu site is highly active for nitrate conversion to ammonia on the synthesized COFs.
Multiscale Bioresponses of Metal Nanoclusters
Authors: Shi Yujia , Wu Zhennan , Qi Manlin , Liu Chengyu , Dong Weinan , Sun Wenyue , Wang Xue , Jiang Feng , Zhong Yuan , Nan Di , Zhang Yu , Li Chunyan , Wang Lin , Bai Xue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal nanoclusters (NCs) are well‐recognized novel nano‐agents that hold great promise for applications in nanomedicine because of their ultrafine size, low toxicity, and high renal clearance. As foreign substances, however, an in‐depth understanding of the bioresponses to metal NCs is necessary but is still far from being realized. Herein, this review is deployed to summarize the biofates of metal NCs at various biological levels, emphasizing their multiscale bioresponses at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. In the parts‐to‐whole schema, the interactions between biomolecules and metal NCs are discussed, presenting typical protein‐dictated nano–bio interfaces, hierarchical structures, and in vivo trajectories. Then, the accumulation, internalization, and metabolic evolution of metal NCs in the cellular environment and as‐imparted theranostic functionalization are demonstrated. The organismal metabolism and transportation processes of the metal NCs are subsequently distilled. Finally, this review ends with the conclusions and perspectives on the outstanding issues of metal NC‐mediated bioresponses in the near future. This review is expected to provide inspiration for tailoring the customization of metal NC‐based nano‐agents to meet practical requirements in different sectors of nanomedicine.
Cross‐Wired Memristive Crossbar Array for Effective Graph Data Analysis
Authors: Jang Yoon Ho , Han Janguk , Shim Sung Keun , Cheong Sunwoo , Lee Soo Hyung , Han Joon‐Kyu , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraphs adequately represent the enormous interconnections among numerous entities in big data, incurring high computational costs in analyzing them with conventional hardware. Physical graph representation (PGR) is an approach that replicates the graph within a physical system, allowing for efficient analysis. This study introduces a cross‐wired crossbar array (cwCBA), uniquely connecting diagonal and non‐diagonal components in a CBA by a cross‐wiring process. The cross‐wired diagonal cells enable cwCBA to achieve precise PGR and dynamic node state control. For this purpose, a cwCBA is fabricated using Pt/Ta2O5/HfO2/TiN (PTHT) memristor with high on/off and self‐rectifying characteristics. The structural and device benefits of PTHT cwCBA for enhanced PGR precision are highlighted, and the practical efficacy is demonstrated for two applications. First, it executes a dynamic path‐finding algorithm, identifying the shortest paths in a dynamic graph. PTHT cwCBA shows a more accurate inferred distance and ≈1/3800 lower processing complexity than the conventional method. Second, it analyzes the protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks containing self‐interacting proteins, which possess intricate characteristics compared to typical graphs. The PPI prediction results exhibit an average of 30.5% and 21.3% improvement in area under the curve and F1‐score, respectively, compared to existing algorithms.
Delineating the Impact of Transition‐Metal Crossover on Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation with Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sim Richard , Su Laisuo , Dolocan Andrei , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLithium‐metal batteries (LMB) employing cobalt‐free layered‐oxide cathodes are a sustainable path forward to achieving high energy densities, but these cathodes exhibit substantial transition‐metal dissolution during high‐voltage cycling. While transition‐metal crossover is recognized to disrupt solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on graphite anodes, experimental evidence is necessary to demonstrate this for lithium‐metal anodes. In this work, advanced high‐resolution 3D chemical analysis is conducted with time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) to establish spatial correlations between the transition metals and electrolyte decomposition products found on cycled lithium‐metal anodes. Insights into the localization of various chemistries linked to crucial processes that define LMB performance, such as lithium deposition, SEI growth, and transition‐metal deposition are deduced from a precise elemental and spatial analysis of the SEI. Heterogenous transition‐metal deposition is found to perpetuate both heterogeneous SEI growth and lithium deposition on lithium‐metal anodes. These correlations are confirmed across various lithium‐metal anodes that are cycled with different cobalt‐free cathodes and electrolytes. An advanced electrolyte that is stable to higher voltages is shown to minimize transition‐metal crossover and its effects on lithium‐metal anodes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of maintaining uniform SEI coverage on lithium‐metal anodes, which is disrupted by transition‐metal crossover during operation at high voltages.
Polydopamine‐Enabled Biomimetic Surface Engineering of Materials: New Insights and Promising Applications
Authors: Saraf Mohit , Prateek  , Ranjan Rahul , Balasubramaniam Bhuvaneshwari , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Gupta Raju Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSurface modification is an important approach to modify the properties of materials. Numerous approaches have been adopted to tailor the properties of such materials, which have been proven successful at many scales and parameters. However, most of these techniques are often tedious, poorly adhesive, costly, sometimes hazardous, and surface‐specific, hence cannot be extended on a large scale and all kinds of surfaces. These shortcomings have led to the emergence of new dopamine (DA) based green surface modification technique where a thin polydopamine (PDA) layer is deposited on surfaces through a facile polymerization of DA under alkaline conditions to enable the surface for various applications. This surface modification strategy has several advantages over other techniques in deposition processing under mild conditions, cost‐effective and straightforward ingredients, and applicability to all kinds of surfaces regardless of their sizes, shapes, and types. Moreover, the PDA layer enhances the surface functionality. Therefore, it can serve as a versatile platform for various secondary reactions for a wide range of applications. Herein, the chemistry of DA is summarized and its polymerized form PDA for the modification of different families of materials’ surfaces with an emphasis on energy, environmental and biological applications.
High Brightness Electroluminescence of Non‐Carrier‐Injection QLEDs with Precise Layer Processing by Spontaneous Spreading Method
Authors: Zhao Zebang , Liu Heng , Yao Yanyue , Song Dandan , Xu Zheng , Qiao Bo , Wu Chaoxing , Swelm Wageh , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed , Zhao Suling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe luminescent properties and mechanisms of non‐carrier injection (NCI) mode quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are explored in this work. The intermediate insulator electric layer, Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE)), effectively blocks carrier injection from the electrodes. Carriers for radiative recombination in the quantum dot (QD) layer are generated by the corresponding carrier generation complex layer under an AC electric field. In this investigation, the emission layer (EML), comprising distinct layers of Cd‐based quantum dots, is precisely regulated using the spontaneous spreading (SS) method. The work reveals that the thickness of the QDs in NCI‐QLEDs significantly influences the device's luminescent performance. In NCI‐QLEDs with a double QD layer as the EML, the device exhibits a maximum brightness of 1003.6 cd m⁻2 and a start‐up voltage of 7 root mean square voltage (VRMS). This brightness level represents the highest reported for vertical emission NCI‐QLEDs. All devices exhibit a broad range of driven voltages. Interestingly, luminescence is detected only during a half‐cycle of the driven signal, as indicated by transient time‐resolved spectrum test results. A system is established to analyze the luminescence mechanism comprehensively. Finally, a proposed carrier compounding mechanism sheds light on the behavior of NCI‐QLED devices.
Circularly Polarized Light Detection Through 3D Chiral Metasurface‐Based Phototransistors
Authors: Rajamani Saravanan , Simeone Daniela , Pecora Alessandro , Manoccio Mariachiara , Balestra Gianluca , Bayramov Ayaz H. , Mamedov Nazim T. , Passaseo Adriana , Gigli Giuseppe , Tobaldi David Maria , Tasco Vittorianna , Esposito Marco , Cola Adriano , Cuscunà Massimo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDistinguishing between different handedness of circularly polarized light can be a useful additional property in photodetector technology. The integration of this functionality can be obtained either using optical media with chiro‐optical response, or by the employment of chiral metamaterials. In this work, 3D chiral metasurfaces composed by a 3D helix array, are integrated onto a micrometer‐scale silicon‐based transistor and act as optical filter for circularly polarized light. The technological process involving focused electron beam induced deposition for helix manufacturing is carefully studied with respect to its effect on the phototransistor response. The integrated system exhibits a photoresponse which is dependent on the circular polarization, with a promising asymmetry factor in the visible spectral range. The proposed technology can pave the way for novel potential applications in diverse areas such as materials science, bioimaging, and quantum computing.
Squaraine Dyes for Single‐Component Shortwave Infrared‐Sensitive Photodiodes and Upconversion Photodetectors
Authors: Hu Wei‐Hsu , Nüesch Frank , Giavazzi Davide , Jafarpour Mohammad , Hany Roland , Bauer Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSensitive detection of shortwave infrared (SWIR) light using organic dyes will be a significant advance toward many applications in industry and research. Furthermore, from a fabrication and optimization view, photogeneration of charges in diodes consisting of a single dye layer will be highly attractive. However, SWIR dyes are scarce and organic photodiodes usually utilize a donor–acceptor materials combination to split excitons into charges. Here, it is demonstrated that single‐component layers of several SWIR squaraine dyes operate as efficient photodetectors, with peak external quantum efficiency > 40% beyond 1000 nm and sensitivity out to 1300 nm. Photocurrents show a superlinear dependence on reverse bias. It is shown that this results from a field‐assisted exciton dissociation mechanism, and not from field‐dependent charge injection or extraction. SWIR photodiodes are combined with organic light‐emitting diodes to fabricate upconversion photodetectors – devices that convert SWIR photons directly into visible light. Upconverters are characterized by a low turn‐on voltage (1.5 V) and a high luminance contrast (on‐off ratio 16 000) and SWIR‐to‐visible (λ = 575 nm) photon conversion efficiency (1.85%). Upconversion photodetectors emerge as a promising alternative to the current inorganic‐based imaging technology.
Label‐Free Imaging of Low‐Index Samples Using Substrate‐Enhanced Subwavelength‐Resolution Scattering Nanoscopy
Authors: Wang Dong , Qi Mengping , Cao Yurong , Zhang Yi , Ye Yong‐Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for label‐free imaging of subwavelength low‐index dielectric samples with high contrast and high sensitivity using a dark‐field optical microscope. However, subwavelength low‐index dielectric samples usually do not show strong Mie scattering resonance characteristics due to the weak light confining ability, which makes them difficult to clearly resolve under a traditional optical microscope. In this work, a fast, simple, and effective approach is proposed to enhance the optical response of subwavelength low‐index dielectric samples by using metallic substrate‐enhanced scattering nanoscopy. It is found that the high reflectance of a substrate can significantly enhance the electric dipole resonance of a SiO2 nanoparticle and the substrate‐nanoparticle interaction, which amplifies the scattering signal of the sample and improves the imaging contrast. Compared with the silica substrate, the Ag‐coated substrate can enhance the scattering intensity of a SiO2 nanoparticle up to 3.7 times under 540 nm wavelength illumination. Furthermore, label‐free stand‐alone 50‐nm‐radius SiO2 nanoparticles and ≈100‐nm‐thick bacterial capsules can be clearly observed when placed on Ag‐coated substrates under a conventional dark‐field optical microscope. The substrate‐enhanced subwavelength‐resolution scattering nanoscopy can enhance the scattering of low‐index subwavelength samples and benefit a significant application in biology, medical testing, and optical detection.
Electrically Tunable Strong Optical Nonlinearity in Near‐Infrared by Coupled Metallic Quantum Wells
Authors: Chen Ching‐Fu , Qian Haoliang , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn electrically tunable nonlinear optical device working at near‐infrared wavelength is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Ultrahigh optical second‐order nonlinearity from titanium‐nitride‐based coupled metallic quantum wells can be electrically tuned by external electric field. Tunability of second‐order susceptibility χ(2) reaches a 63% modulation depth with an average tunability of 10.5% per volt. In addition, electro‐optic modulation of second‐harmonic signal is presented by continuous tuning of χ(2) over a long period of time with high stability. These results provide a new material platform with actively controllable strong nonlinearity for future nonlinear photonic systems, such as ultra‐compact opto‐electronic modulation devices and reconfigurable nonlinear metamaterials and metasurfaces.
Facile Preparation of Ternary Cd0.9Pb0.1Se Quantum Dots Toward Photoelectrochemical Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Yule , Wei Songrui , Zhang Shaohui , Xu Chang , Xu Feicui , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Han , Yu Chengtao , Gao Lingfeng , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to the inherent high dark current of photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetectors (PDs), there is a tricky challenge to detect weak light. In this work, high‐quality Cd0.9Pb0.1Se quantum dots (CPS QDs) are prepared by thermal injection method, with horizontal size of 6.3 nm and thickness of 3.5 nm. The CPS QDs are directly utilized to construct the working electrode of PEC‐type PDs. The effects of experimental parameters on the photo‐response behavior are systematically studied, and optimized photocurrent density of 7.1 µA cm−2 and photo‐responsivity (Rph) of 2.75 mA·W−1 are achieved. Most importantly, the obvious photocurrent signals are observed under a light power density as low as 5.6 µW cm−2. For this interesting weak light detection, apparent Rph of 6.96 mA·W−1, detectivity of 1.2 × 109 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 2.37% are achieved. Therefore, this work not only develops CPS QDs‐based PDs but also provides an example for PEC‐type PDs in weak light detection.
Sulfonate Additive Simultaneously Suppresses Interstitials and Vacancies Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Quantum Dot LEDs
Authors: Fang Tao , Yuan Shichen , Li Xiansheng , Shan Qingsong , Zhou Yihui , Xu Bo , Liu Gaoyu , Zhang Shengli , Li Xiaoming , Li Weijin , Fan Zhiyong , Zeng Haibo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDefect suppression via precursor additives is crucial to achieving high efficiency and stable perovskite quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (Pe‐QLEDs). Herein, a strategy using 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) is developed to simultaneously suppress halide interstitial and vacancy defects by tuning the crystallization process of perovskite quantum dots (Pe‐QDs) through coordinate bonding and chemical circumstance modulation, leading to faster radiative recombination and less carrier accumulation in the device. Meanwhile, the Pe‐QDs with defect suppression demonstrate higher ion migration activation energies. Thanks to the defect suppression strategy with the aid of the alkyl sulfonic group, the obtained Pe‐QDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 20.4% and an operating lifetime of over 100 h in QLED, which is the leading performance of green Pe‐QLEDs. This work provides a strategy from a different aspect for the perovskite QLED field in improving the performance and stability of devices.