bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Pattern of Musculoskeletal Disorder in Panteka Mechanic Village, Kaduna
Authors: Sambo A.Y. , Sahabo M.M. , Onuzulike C.O. 
Published: October 2023

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are illnesses that make working people disabled and generate significant economic loss worldwide. Automobile mechanics are at risk of injury at the onset of MSDs due to repetitive tasks, uncomfortable posture, and heavy lifting of objects. The frequency and pattern of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among auto mechanics in Panteka Village, Kaduna State, are investigated in this study. Using a version of the standard Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire, a quatitative method was used to gather data on the prevalence pattern of musculoskeletal illnesses at Panteka Village. To analyze the data obtained, purposive sampling method was employed. The study found that there was a high prevalence of MSDs among auto mechanics in Panteka village, with rates of 90% (Neck), 92.3% (shoulder), 56.4% (knee) and over 70% prevalence of MSD for lower and upper back. The results of relationship between age of respondents, years spent as a mechanic and prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders showed no significant relationship. However, there was a significant relationship between the respondent's section of mechanic activities ie the nature of their job and MSD. These are primarily the result of poor ergonomics and insufficient rest periods at their workshop. Also, manual handling of heavy loads, repetitive tasks and force exertion were the identified factors. Ergonomic and MSD awareness among workers should be increased through training. In addition, govermnents should investigate more in other to reduce or eliminate risk factors leading to musculoskeletal disorders. Members of the Panteka village committee can use the research's findings to enhance the working environment for mechanics. Therefore, Mechanics will need to be educated more on risk factors associated with MSDs.
Sensitivity Analysis of Housing Affordability under Public Private Partnership (PPP) Scheme in Niger State
Authors: Musa-Haddary Y.G , Oke A.A. , Abdullahi M.S. 
Published: October 2023

The provision of affordable housing has been a concern in developed and developing world because of its role in man’s welfare and productivity. This study aimed to carry out a sensitivity analysis of the affordability of a Public Private Partnership (PPP) housing scheme in Niger State. The study set out to establish what can be done to make repayment for such housing affordable for all categories of allotees. Sensitivity analysis was applied to building cost, repayment period and interest rate. Data used for the analysis were sourced through the collection of archival data and carrying out of a questionnaire survey. The random sampling technique was employed in administering the questionnaire to a sample of 187 beneficiaries. Against standard affordability criteria that housing should consume not more than 30 percent of gross household income, the results revealed that only civil servant allotees on Salary Grade Levels 10 - 16 can afford monthly repayments of ₦10, 000.00 for 2-bedroom housing costing ₦1,900,000.00. The application of sensitivity analysis enabled the study to recommend modifications to the PPP housing scheme that will allow all workers on Salary Grade Levels 01 - 16 to afford a 2-bedroom house at a selling price of ₦1,200,000M, mortgage interest of 3 percent and a repayment period of 25 years.
Common occupational machinery hazards in mechanical engineering workshops in TVET institutions in Nairobi metropolitan, Kenya
Authors: Ronoh Patrick Kipkurui , Mburu Charles M. 
Published: October 2023

The metal fabrication sector involves a variety of processes, activities, products, and by-products. This involves various interventions such as milling, turning, welding, drilling, and grinding. Firms in this sector use one or a combination of these interventions where machinery is used, which can expose workers to machinery hazards if proper safety procedures are not observed. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is vital in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions, especially in mechanical engineering programmes where metal fabrication is practised. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness of occupational machinery hazards in mechanical engineering workshops in TVET Institutions. The study adopted a descriptive research design and employed a structured questionnaire for data collection. Purposive sampling was used to identify institutions participating in the study. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse the data and present it in tables and graphs. Noise (90.4%) and vibration (71.9%) were reported as the most common occupational hazards, respectively, in mechanical engineering workshops. Regarding workstations, the grinding section (39.4%) and milling section (15.8%) were reported as experiencing high levels of noise. The study recommends that adequate control measures be put in place to mitigate against these hazards.
Novel breast cancer risk factors in Nigeria: the findings of Nigerian breast cancer risk factor study
Authors: Azubuike Samuel O. , Beeler Dori-Michelle 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: The potential roles of alcohol consumption and family history of breast cancer in breast cancer etiology have not been widely studied in Nigeria. Moreover, no African study has investigated the relationship between Light Exposure at Night (LEAN), interpregnancy gap, and breast cancer risk. This study investigated the association between LEAN alcohol consumption, family history of breast cancer, interpregnancy gap, and breast cancer risk among Nigerian women. METHODS: A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data from 372 cases and 403 controls in five public hospitals in Nigeria. The participants were interviewed in person between October 2016 and May 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS: After adjusting for relevant confounders, frequent LEAN (OR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.21), average interpregnancy gap (AIG) > 3 years (compared to AIG < 1.5 years) (OR 2.21, 95% CI:1.07, 4.57), having a regular history of alcohol consumption (OR 1.67, 95% CI:1.04, 2.69), and family history of breast cancer (OR 2.11, 95% CI:1.14, 3.93) and were significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that LEAN, longer interpregnancy gap, regular alcohol consumption, and family history of breast cancer increase the risk of breast cancer among Nigerian women.
Managing medical emergencies: Sustainable pre-hospital medical education in Rwanda
Authors: Shustak A. , Uwitonze J. M. , Kabagema J. , Wojick M. , Asay B. , Louka A. , Wolfe L. , Dushime T. , Jayaraman S. 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: In Rwanda, non-communicable diseases accounted for 44% of all reported deaths as of 2016. Yet, there is very limited data on pre-hospital management of emergency medical conditions in LMICs. We evaluated the impact of a pre-hospital medical emergencies training course and train-the-trainers program for Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU) to address the burden of NCDs.
METHODS: A 100-question baseline assessment was administered to 25 SAMU staff to assess knowledge of basic anatomy, physiology, medicine, obstetrics, pediatrics, trauma, and scene safety. A two-day Emergency Medical Care Course (EMCC) was developed. Two cohorts (one for instructors and another one for staff) from ten district and provincial hospitals. EMCC 1 and a one- day educator course were conducted for the instructor core. They then taught the second cohort of trainees (EMCC 2).
RESULTS: In the baseline assessment of 25 SAMU staff, the median score was 56% overall and 54% in medical. EMCC 1 median scores were 43% vs 86% (pre vs post), p<0.001 using matched pair analysis of 18 participants. EMCC 2 median scores were 45% vs 82% (pre vs post), p<0.001 using matched pair analysis of 16 participants. A one-way ANOVA mean square analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts post-training, with similar post- assessment scores.
DISCUSSION: This study showed that the course improved knowledge for an instructor core and staff from district and provincial hospitals, confirming the effectiveness of a train-the-trainers model, which will allow for sustainability in pre-hospital emergency medical training in Rwanda.
Pattern of liver enzymes and maternal outcome in eclamptic patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, University College Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Olusola , Bello Oluwasomidoyin 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Eclampsia, a hypertensive disorder, is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in developing countries like Nigeria. We evaluated the relationship between the pattern of liver enzymes and maternal mortality in eclamptic women.
Method: A retrospective study of 55 eclamptic women admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), University College Hospital, Nigeria, was conducted. Data were obtained on their demographic, obstetric, and clinical characteristics, liver enzyme patterns, and maternal outcome. Analysis was by descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and non-parametric tests with level of significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Maternal deaths occurred in 27.3% and elevation of liver enzymes was observed more among the dead patients compared with those who survived. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was the most commonly elevated liver enzyme, occurring in almost all (90.9%) the patients. Maternal mortality was significantly associated with age (p=0.001), saturated oxygen levels (p=0.007), elevated alkaline phosphatase (p=0.008), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.013), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.016), and total bilirubin (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Maternal mortality due to eclampsia was clinically associated with age, elevated liver enzymes and a lower serum level of total bilirubin. Liver transaminases are therefore important prognostic indicators associated with eclampsia.
Prevalence of middle ear effusion among children with adenoid hypertrophy at a national referral hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce , Massawe Enica Richard , Bukanu Faustine 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Middle ear effusion (MEE) is a common childhood disorder that causes hearing impairment due to the presence of fluid in the middle ear which reduces the middle ear’s ability to conduct sound. Temporary or persistent hearing loss as a result of MEE causes speech, language and learning delays in children. There are few studies on MEE in Tanzania despite the huge burden of hearing loss among children with adenoid hypertrophy which is a known risk factor for MEE.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 children aged nine years and below having adenoid hypertrophy with or without MEE. The diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy was confirmed with a lateral view x-ray of the nasopharynx and tympanometry for cases with MEE. The primary objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of MEE among children with adenoid hypertrophy.
Results: The prevalence of MEE among children with adenoid hypertrophy was 61.7%, with 218 (51.9%) males and 202 (48.1%) females. The most affected age group was 2-4 years with an incidence 193 (46%) and in this age group, males (53.9%) were more affected than females (46.1%). Generally, males, 134 (51.7%) were more affected by MEE than females, 125 (48.3%) of all 259 children with MEE. In terms of age group predominance by MEE, children aged 3-4 years, 107(41.3%) were more affected than all other age groups. Additionally, 4 (1.5%) children with MEE presented with hearing loss.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of MEE among children with adenoid hypertrophy but no significant association with hearing loss.
Mineralogy and Geochemical Characteristics of Matamba Kaolin Deposit-Njombe Region South-Western Tanzania: Implications for Industrial Applications
Authors: Nyimbo Melania A. , Massawe Ronald J. , Msabi Michael M. 
Published: October 2023

Kaolin is a commercial clay material composed of hydrated aluminosilicate mineral kaolinite and used in various industrial applications such as ceramics, paper, paints, refractories, fiberglass, plastics, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It is formed as a result of strong chemical weathering of crystalline and feldspar-rich rocks or hydrothermal alteration of granitic rocks at relatively low temperature and pressure conditions. The kaolin deposit of Matamba originated from the weathering of leucogabbro rock during the development of the African land surface. In view of highlighted properties, the mineralogy and chemical characteristics of the Matamba kaolin deposit were investigated to determine its industrial applications. As part of the study approach, forty-six (46) samples were collected and analyzed for major oxides using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and mineralogical composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results indicated that the Matamba kaolin is dominantly composed of kaolinite (10.1–100%) with other phases such as albite (1.2–56.8%), oligoclase (10.1–54.3%), quartz (1.2–33.9%), goethite (1.0–9.4%) and muscovite (1.1–29.5%). The dominant major oxides are SiO2 (39.78–67.96 wt.%), Al2O3 (14.60–38.07 wt.%) and subordinate amounts of Fe2O3 (0.93–6.37 wt.%), MgO (1.42–4.74 wt.%), Na2O (0.10–1.09 wt.%), K2O (0.14–2.01 wt.%), CaO (0.08–0.99 wt.%), TiO2 (0.07–1.66 wt.%), P2O5 (0.36–1.77 wt.%) and LOI (1.91–13.97 wt.%). These major oxides correlate with the mineralogical composition supporting kaolinite dominance. Consequently, compared with some industrial specifications, these results indicate that Matamba kaolin deposit may be useful for ceramic products, refractories such as fireclay crucibles and electrolytic production of aluminium and its alloys. However, it should be beneficiated and upgraded to improve some technical properties to qualify for other industrial applications.
The Form Of Resolving The Laka Lalu Case With A Restorative Justice Approach According To Police Regulation Number 8 Of 2021 On Handling Criminal Acts Based On Restorative Justice
Authors: Ardyan Ardyan , Sitompul Ariman , Ruslan Ruslan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractJudicial procedures in Indonesia in resolving criminal cases have not been in accordance with the wishes society to feel fair in law. People who feel less Justice issued opinion or criticism of judicial procedures in indonesia. The problem of traffic accidents refers to the act No. 22/2009 on LLAJ and Criminal Procedure Code. The second legal basis for the settlement of traffic accident cases it is not yet possible to solve problems based on restorative justice. This research aims to find out and analyze procedures to solve the problems of past accidents traffic that can cause casualties both serious injuries and fatalities using the approach of Justice restorative justice according to police Regulation Number 8 of 2021 on handling criminal acts based on Justice Restorative, a form of settlement of accident cases and then with a restorative justice approach according to the police Perarturan Number 8 of 2021 on handling criminal acts based on restorative justice and legal certainty to resolve the issue of laka and then with a restorative justice approach. Methods used in this research using empirical approach and normative juridical approach to the paradigm of analysis qualitative data. Research and Discussion: 1. Legal arrangement for settlement of traffic accident cases it is not based on restorative justice. 2. Legal weaknesses in the settlement of traffic accident cases using a restorative justice approach. 3. Reconstruction of last accident settlement law cross with restorative justice approach, namely by revising the provisions of Article 230 and Article 235 U.S. No. 22/2009 on LLAJ, so that the case of traffic accidents light, medium and heavy can based on restorative justice. Excluded against traffic accidents that cause casualties soul, the resolution of things based on restorative justice does not drop the prosecution of thingsKeywords: Settlement Of Traffic Matters, Justice, Restorative.
La percepción respecto a la violencia contra las mujeres y personas de distinta orientación sexual que tienen los alumnos de la Facultad de Comercio y Administración de Tampico influye en sus actitudes y valores
Authors: Gómez María Del Lourdes Arias , Gómez Enrique Arias , Gómez Jesús Arias , Blanco Azalea María Peña , Arteaga Lorena Gabriela Hernández , Torres Lilian Esperanza Rodríguez , Segovia Lourdes Leticia Cárdenas 
Published: October 2023

El análisis del tema de la percepción respecto a la violencia de género que tienen los alumnos de la Facultad de Comercio y Administración de Tampico, tiene como objetivo conocer la conducta de los universitarios, por ello nos preguntamos ¿Están conscientes los estudiantes de la violencia de género que se presenta en el entorno de la Facultad de Comercio y Administración de Tampico? Los resultados obtenidos en la presente investigación nos indican que los alumnos se han acostumbrado a ver violencia, por ese motivo, ofender, insultar y pegar a sus hermanos, amigos o compañeros y faltar el respeto a sus padres o profesores les resulta de lo más normal. Es una realidad inobjetable que los valores de los jóvenes se ven afectados por la violencia intrafamiliar y social al imitar en sus relaciones personales, lo que con frecuencia observan en su casa.
Simposio 2: Nuevas estrategias de protección renal en diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Elbert Alicia 
Published: October 2023

El National Kidney Foundation (NKF) modificó en los últimos años el término “nefropatía diabética”, que solo se utiliza para la patología confirmada por biopsia, por enfermedad renal diabética (ERC), con el fin de comprender que algunos de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) presentan enfermedad renal de otra etiología, por lo cual debería ser derivados oportunamente al nefrólogo para diagnosticar y realizar el tratamiento adecuado.
Sin embargo, actualmente el paradigma en la elección de la medicación para la DM se ha modificado desde lo glucocéntrico a una mirada cardiorrenal metabólica que permitió aunar algunos conceptos para establecer mejores elecciones en el tratamiento, y evitar la aparición y/o la progresión de la ERC.
Simposio 6: Prevención y tratamiento
Authors: Daín Alejandro 
Published: October 2023

El concepto de variabilidad en la homeostasis hormonal se conoce desde hace tiempo. Tenemos diversos ejemplos en los modelos biológicos de fluctuaciones u oscilaciones de las concentraciones hormonales o de sus efectores finales. La variabilidad glucémica (VG) es un componente de la homeostasis de la glucosa en conjunto con sus reguladores hormonales y no hormonales. La VG es una medida de dispersión relacionada con el desvío estándar. Cuando estas dispersiones u oscilaciones superan las barreras de control homeostáticos, pueden ocasionar alteraciones fisiopatológicas con consecuencias clínicas, aumentando el riesgo de complicaciones vasculares y neurocognitivas, entre otras.
Para comprender mejor este concepto, lo podemos comparar con una montaña rusa y sus múltiples curvas. El tiempo de exposición (duración del viaje) lo correlacionamos con la media o valor promedio, mientras las subidas y bajadas con su dispersión o desvío estándar. La resultante de dividir el DS sobre la media x 100 nos devuelve el valor de VG.
Simposio 7: Algoritmo farmacológico en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sin eventos previos
Authors: Ávila Pablo Javier 
Published: October 2023

La diabetes mellitus (DM) en el mundo crece a pasos agigantados. Según la International Diabetes Federation (IDF), más de 450 millones de personas padecen DM y el pronóstico no es muy promisorio1. En Argentina la situación no es distinta donde más del 12% de la población padece esta enfermedad, aunque la mitad desconoce su diagnóstico2. Las guías actuales de tratamiento en los pacientes con DM2 consensuadas entre la American Diabetes Association (ADA) y la European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) los dividen en dos grupos: los que presentan riesgo cardiovascular o enfermedad renal o cardíaca establecida y los que no lo tienen; en este segundo grupo nos centraremos para desglosar las guías de recomendación.
En el concepto hasta hace poco aceptado a su vez se subdividían en grupos de priorización a aquellos con necesidad apremiante de evitar hipoglucemia, un segundo subgrupo con necesidad de perder peso, y aquellos en los cuales el costo es un problema importante3. Recientemente se propuso una actualización según la nueva evidencia que plantea un cambio de paradigma enfocando solo en dos aspectos: el glucocéntrico y el peso centrista.
Simposio 8: Epidemiología y morbimortalidad
Authors: Sosa Lucas 
Published: October 2023

La prediabetes es una etapa intermedia entre la glucemia normal y la diabetes mellitus (DM), con una alta prevalencia, especialmente en grupos de mayor edad y personas obesas. Actualmente se utilizan cinco definiciones diferentes basadas en puntos de corte de HbA1c: glucosa en ayunas (GPA) y glucosa a las 2 horas (2hGP). Los riesgos atribuibles a la prediabetes, incluyendo la DM, se relacionan con complicaciones micro y macrovasculares, neuropáticas, enfermedad cardiorrenal, cáncer y muerte (según la definición utilizada).
Son incompletos los datos sobre la prevalencia mundial de la prediabetes. La International Diabetes Federation (IDF 2019) estimó la prevalencia mundial de tolerancia alterada a la glucosa en 7,5%. La gran mayoría de las personas con prediabetes (72,2%) reside en países de ingresos bajos y medianos.
Por el sí
Authors: Dieuzeide Guillermo 
Published: October 2023

Desde la publicación del DCCT en 1993, el tratamiento estándar de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) se basa en un plan de insulinoterapia intensificado con la aplicación de varias dosis de insulinas diarias, asociando insulinas de acción basal, lentas, e insulinas rápidas o ultra rápidas previo a las comidas principales.
Este modelo de insulinoterapia intensificada, sin embargo, no siempre logra objetivos de buen control glucémico y está sujeto a grandes limitaciones ya que, concomitantemente, predispone al paciente a mayor riesgo de hipoglucemias, y especialmente al aumento de peso y desarrollo de síndrome metabólico. La coexistencia de DM1 y obesidad con características del clásico síndrome de insulinorresistencia (DM dual), del tipo observado clásicamente en DM2, puede llevar al paciente DM1 con varios años de evolución a un riesgo acentuado de complicaciones cardiometabólicas y renales. El estudio EDIC demostró que a mayor aumento de peso en pacientes DM1, mayor riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares.
Hipertrigliceridemia en diabetes mellitus tipo 2: ¿cómo y cuándo tratamos?
Authors: Fretes Osvaldo 
Published: October 2023

Numerosos estudios epidemiológicos han puesto en evidencia la condición de alto riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM), equiparable a las personas sin DM que han tenido un evento cardiovascular mayor previamente1.
De los factores inherentes a la DM que puede explicar este fenómeno, uno de los más relevantes es la llamada “dislipidemia aterogénica”, caracterizada por hipertrigliceridemia, HDL-c bajo y otros cambios lipoproteicos cualitativos actualmente bien caracterizados, que forman parte de los criterios del síndrome metabólico.