bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI/ML Chatbots’ Souls, or Transformers: Less Than Meets the Eye
Authors: Lazzari Edmund Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven the peculiarly linguistic approach that contemporary philosophers use to apply St. Thomas Aquinas’s arguments on the immateriality of the human soul, this paper will present a Thomistic-inspired evaluation of whether artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) chatbots’ composition and linguistic performance justify the assertion that AI/ML chatbots have immaterial souls. The first section of the paper will present a strong, but ultimately crucially flawed argument that AI/ML chatbots do have souls based on contemporary Thomistic argumentation. The second section of the paper will provide an overview of the actual computer science models that make artificial neural networks and AI/ML chatbots function, which I hope will assist other theologians and philosophers writing about technology, The third section will present some of Emily Bender’s and Alexander Koller’s objections to AI/ML chatbots being able to access meaning from computational linguistics. The final section will highlight the similarities of Bender’s and Koller’s argument to a fuller presentation of St. Thomas Aquinas’s argument for the immateriality of the human soul, ultimately arguing that the current mechanisms and linguistic activity of AI/ML programming do not constitute activity sufficient to conclude that they have immaterial souls on the strength of St. Thomas’s arguments.
THE FRENZIED SWALLOW: PHILOMELA'S VOICE IN SOPHOCLES’ TEREUS
Authors: Blanco Chiara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates Philomela's metamorphosis into a swallow as inferred from Sophocles’ fragmentary Tereus. The first part focusses on the association between the swallow and barbaric language, casting new light on Philomela's characterization in the play. The second investigates the shuttle, the weaving tool which prompts the recognition of Philomela, arguing that the mention of its ‘voice’ in fr. 595 Radt refers not only to the tapestry which it created, but also to the actual sound of the shuttle, which ancient Greeks associated with the swallow, and thus anticipates Philomela's metamorphosis. The representation of Philomela as a speech-impeded and yet vocal character supports the Dionysiac background of the act of vengeance which she and her sister commit.
Triarchic traits as risk versus protective factors for ADHD symptomatology: A prospective longitudinal investigation
Authors: Chan Elizabeth S. M. , Perkins Emily R. , Bertoldi Bridget M. , Lowman Kelsey L. , Soto Elia F. , Tuvblad Catherine , Oskarsson Sofi , Baker Laura A. , Patrick Christopher J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are associated with myriad adverse outcomes, including interpersonal difficulties, but factors that moderate the developmental course and functional impact of ADHD over time are not well understood. The present study evaluated developmental contributions of the triarchic neurobehavioral traits (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) to ADHD symptomatology and its subdimensions from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were twins and triplets assessed at ages 14, 17, and 19 (initial N = 1,185, 51.2% female). Path analyses using negative binomial regression revealed that boldness at age 14 was associated with more ADHD symptoms cross-sectionally (especially hyperactivity/impulsivity), but fewer symptoms (especially inattention) at age 19 in the prospective analysis. Notably, inclusion of interpersonal problems at ages 14 and 17 as covariates reduced the latter effect to nonsignificant. Disinhibition concurrently and prospectively predicted higher levels of ADHD symptoms, including both subdimensions, and the prospective effects were partially mediated by greater social impairment at age 17. Meanness prospectively (but not concurrently) predicted higher levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Sex moderated certain associations of meanness and disinhibition with ADHD symptoms. These findings highlight how fundamental neurobehavioral traits shape both psychopathology and adaptive outcomes in the developmental course of ADHD.
Lee Ufan's ambivalent otherness and art historiography
Authors: Park Sohyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article aims to reexamine the relationship between the artist Lee Ufan and nationalist art history through his idea of “ambivalent otherness,” which he defined as both “suffering” and “power.” Traditional art history is established upon a nationalist framework that emphasizes the artists' nationality, leading to the marginalization of national others at the border. As a zainichi Korean, Lee has undergone the “suffering” of being excluded by the art world and art historiography. However, he transformed it into his source of “power” to challenge art historiography based on nationality. This study analyzes the art criticism of “Japanese Contemporary Art History” written by Minemura Toshiaki and Chiba Shigeo in the 1970s and 1980s and highlights the ruptures that the artist's in-between identity wrought on nationalist art history. This shows how both the Mono-ha movement and the artist were marginalized in the construction of “Japanese Contemporary Art History.” Furthermore, this study scrutinizes how Lee attempted to rewrite art history using Mono-ha art theory and a perspective committed to “overcoming coloniality” from the postcolonial in-between position, by reinterpreting Lee's article on Chosŏn minhwa, written amidst an aesthetic controversy across the border between Japan and Korea.
Managed competition in Colombia: convergence of public and private insurance and delivery
Authors: Castano Ramon , Prada Sergio I. , Maldonado Norman , Soto Victoria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Colombian health system has made a deep transition into managed competition since a major reform in 1993. A market for insurers was created, the consumer has free choice of insurer and a national-level equalisation fund distributes revenues via a per-capita payment. Fully subsidised insurance for the poor and informal, and a comprehensive standardised benefit package for subsidised and contributory schemes (both schemes covering 98 per cent of the population), has led to a low level of out-of-pocket expenses and high financial protection, as well as to reduced gaps in equity in access. The preconditions for managed competition are largely met, but improving health care providers' organisation towards integrated care, to enable them to deliver more value, is a necessary step to achieve the expected results of managed competition in terms of efficiency and quality. Although the current system is likely to be reformed in the coming months, the nature and extent of those reforms are not defined yet, so our analysis is based on the current system.
Energy efficient microwave curing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer via metamaterial matching and advanced electromagnetic exposure control
Authors: Alekajbaf Yasin , Murali Suraj , Dancila Dragos 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study proposed an effective and sustainable technique for the curing of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) using microwaves. The method involves applying a metallic resonance coating layer to envelop the CFRP composite’s surface. Next, the composite is positioned within a multi-mode cavity, which is used as an applicator, and is powered by four 250 W solid-state power amplifiers. To ensure precise control over the heating pattern and achieve uniform heating of the composite, a sophisticated control algorithm is developed. This algorithm can independently regulate the phase, power level, and frequency of each power amplifier. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of this proposed approach in achieving precise control over the microwave-based curing process for CFRPs.
Composition of Photosynthetic Gas Bubbles From Submerged Macrophytes
Authors: Shikhani Muhammed , Reinschke Lena , Aurich Patrick , Waldemer Carolin , Koschorreck Matthias , Boehrer Bertram 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDissolved oxygen plays a central role for all organisms dwelling in water. However, the flux of oxygen by ebullition has not received much attention in environmental science. For a better quantitative understanding of the oxygen flux due to ebullition, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments, where we forced macrophytes to produce photosynthetic gas bubbles. Raising the CO2 concentration in the water greatly increased bubble formation. Depth was varied to compare the results with theoretically predicted composition of photosynthetic bubbles forming at minimum required gas pressure. Oxygen concentrations lay between this theoretical line as lower boundary (ca. 21% O2 at 0.3 m depth and 45% of O2 at 4.5 m) and 45% of oxygen as the purely empirical upper limit for all depths. As a consequence, no bubble formation was observed at depths below 4.5 m.
Magnetic Signatures of the Interaction Between Europa and Jupiter's Magnetosphere During the Juno Flyby
Authors: Addison Peter , Haynes C. Michael , Stahl Aaron M. , Liuzzo Lucas , Simon Sven 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased on a hybrid model of Europa's magnetospheric interaction, we provide context for the magnetic field perturbations observed by the Juno spacecraft during its only close flyby of the moon in September 2022. By systematically varying the incident flow conditions and the density profile of Europa's atmosphere, we demonstrate that the observed, large‐scale signatures of magnetic field draping are consistent with a dawn‐dusk asymmetry in the moon's neutral envelope. During the flyby, such an asymmetry would have enhanced the magnetic perturbations in Europa's anti‐Jovian hemisphere, explaining why the spacecraft already detected strong field line draping while still several moon radii away. Conversely, a reduced neutral density in the sub‐Jovian hemisphere can explain why the perturbations in the flow‐aligned field component remained nearly constant as Juno approached Europa. While a dawn‐dusk asymmetry in Europa's atmosphere has been predicted by theoretical work, our results provide the first in situ hints of its presence.
Preneoplastic cells switch to Warburg metabolism from their inception exposing multiple vulnerabilities for targeted elimination
Authors: Myllymäki Henna , Kelly Lisa , Elliot Abigail M. , Carter Roderick N. , Johansson Jeanette Astorga , Chang Kai Yee , Cholewa-Waclaw Justyna , Morton Nicholas M. , Feng Yi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOtto Warburg described tumour cells as displaying enhanced aerobic glycolysis whilst maintaining defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production almost 100 years ago [1, 2]. Since then, the ‘Warburg effect’ has been widely accepted as a key feature of rapidly proliferating cancer cells [3–5]. What is not clear is how early “Warburg metabolism” initiates in cancer and whether changes in energy metabolism might influence tumour progression ab initio. We set out to investigate energy metabolism in the HRASG12V driven preneoplastic cell (PNC) at inception, in a zebrafish skin PNC model. We find that, within 24 h of HRASG12V induction, PNCs upregulate glycolysis and blocking glycolysis reduces PNC proliferation, whilst increasing available glucose enhances PNC proliferation and reduces apoptosis. Impaired OXPHOS accompanies enhanced glycolysis in PNCs, and a mild complex I inhibitor, metformin, selectively suppresses expansion of PNCs. Enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation might be underlining impaired OXPHOS and blocking mitochondrial fragmentation triggers PNC apoptosis. Our data indicate that altered energy metabolism is one of the earliest events upon oncogene activation in somatic cells, which allows a targeted and effective PNC elimination.
Rescue nasopharyngeal tube for preterm infants non-responsive to initial ventilation after birth
Authors: Belting Carina , Rüegger Christoph M. , Waldmann Andreas D. , Bassler Dirk , Gaertner Vincent D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Physiological changes during the insertion of a rescue nasopharyngeal tube (NPT) after birth are unclear.

Methods
Observational study of very preterm infants in the delivery room. Data were extracted at predefined timepoints starting with first facemask placement after birth until 5 min after insertion of NPT. End-expiratory lung impedance (EELI), heart rate (HR) and SpO2/FiO2-ratio were analysed over time. Changes during the same time span of NIPPV via facemask and NIPPV via NPT were compared.

Results
Overall, 1154 inflations in 15 infants were analysed. After NPT insertion, EELI increased significantly [0.33 AU/kg (0.19–0.57), p < 0.001]. Compared with the mask period, changes in EELI were not significantly larger during the NPT period [median difference (IQR) = 0.14 AU/kg (−0.14–0.53); p = 0.12]. Insertion of the NPT was associated with significant improvement in HR [52 (33–96); p = 0.001] and SpO2/FiO2-ratio [161 (69–169); p < 0.001] not observed during the mask period.

Conclusions
In very preterm infants non-responsive to initial facemask ventilation after birth, insertion of an NPT resulted in a considerable increase in EELI. This additional gain in lung volume was associated with an immediate improvement in clinical parameters. The use of a NPT may prevent intubation in selected non-responsive infants.

Impact

After birth, a nasopharyngeal tube may be considered as a rescue airway in newborn infants non-responsive to initial positive pressure ventilation via facemask. Although it is widely used among clinicians, its effect on lung volumes and physiological parameters remains unclear.

Insertion of a rescue NPT resulted in a considerable increase in lung volume but this was not significantly larger than during facemask ventilation. However, insertion of a rescue NPT was associated with a significant and clinically important improvement in heart rate and oxygenation.

This study highlights the importance of individual strategies in preterm resuscitation and introduces the NPT as a valid option.
Bi- and Tri-specific antibodies in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: current data and perspectives
Authors: Abou Dalle Iman , Dulery Remy , Moukalled Nour , Ricard Laure , Stocker Nicolas , El-Cheikh Jean , Mohty Mohamad , Bazarbachi Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are a new group of targeted therapies that are revolutionizing the treatment landscape of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL). In the relapsed/refractory setting, salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation are capable of curing 50% of patients, whereas the other half will have a dismal outcome with a median overall survival of less than 12 months. This unmet need reinforced the importance of innovative therapies like the BsAbs and CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, we delve into BsAbs in B-NHL from the preclinical development to clinical data in both refractory and frontline settings, and then discuss future perspectives.
Large-scale genomic rearrangements boost SCRaMbLE in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhao Shijun , Li Tianyi , Hou Sha , Luo Zhouqing , Xu Jinsheng , Yu Wenfei , Jiang Shuangying , Monti Marco , Schindler Daniel , Zhang Weimin , Hou Chunhui , Ma Yingxin , Cai Yizhi , Boeke Jef D. , Dai Junbiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSynthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution (SCRaMbLE) is a promising tool to study genomic rearrangements. However, the potential of SCRaMbLE to study genomic rearrangements is currently hindered, because a strain containing all 16 synthetic chromosomes is not yet available. Here, we construct SparLox83R, a yeast strain containing 83 loxPsym sites distributed across all 16 chromosomes. SCRaMbLE of SparLox83R produces versatile genome-wide genomic rearrangements, including inter-chromosomal events. Moreover, when combined with synthetic chromosomes, SCRaMbLE of hetero-diploids with SparLox83R leads to increased diversity of genomic rearrangements and relatively faster evolution of traits compared to hetero-diploids only with wild-type chromosomes. Analysis of the SCRaMbLEd strain with increased tolerance to nocodazole demonstrates that genomic rearrangements can perturb the transcriptome and 3D genome structure and consequently impact phenotypes. In summary, a genome with sparsely distributed loxPsym sites can serve as a powerful tool for studying the consequence of genomic rearrangements and accelerating strain engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Electrostatic catalysis of a click reaction in a microfluidic cell
Authors: Sevim Semih , Sanchis-Gual Roger , Franco Carlos , Aragonès Albert C. , Darwish Nadim , Kim Donghoon , Picca Rosaria Anna , Nelson Bradley J. , Ruiz Eliseo , Pané Salvador , Díez-Pérez Ismael , Puigmartí-Luis Josep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectric fields have been highlighted as a smart reagent in nature’s enzymatic machinery, as they can directly trigger or accelerate chemical processes with stereo- and regio-specificity. In enzymatic catalysis, controlled mass transport of chemical species is also key in facilitating the availability of reactants in the active reaction site. However, recent progress in developing a clean catalysis that profits from oriented electric fields is limited to theoretical and experimental studies at the single molecule level, where both the control over mass transport and scalability cannot be tested. Here, we quantify the electrostatic catalysis of a prototypical Huisgen cycloaddition in a large-area electrode surface and directly compare its performance to the conventional Cu(I) catalysis. Our custom-built microfluidic cell enhances reagent transport towards the electrified reactive interface. This continuous-flow microfluidic electrostatic reactor is an example of an electric-field driven platform where clean large-scale electrostatic catalytic processes can be efficiently implemented and regulated.
Down-selection of biomolecules to assemble “reverse micelle” with perovskites
Authors: Wu Haodong , Hou Yuchen , Yoon Jungjin , Knoepfel Abbey Marie , Zheng Luyao , Yang Dong , Wang Ke , Qian Jin , Priya Shashank , Wang Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiological molecule-semiconductor interfacing has triggered numerous opportunities in applied physics such as bio-assisted data storage and computation, brain-computer interface, and advanced distributed bio-sensing. The introduction of electronics into biological embodiment is being quickly developed as it has great potential in providing adaptivity and improving functionality. Reciprocally, introducing biomaterials into semiconductors to manifest bio-mimetic functionality is impactful in triggering new enhanced mechanisms. In this study, we utilize the vulnerable perovskite semiconductors as a platform to understand if certain types of biomolecules can regulate the lattice and endow a unique mechanism for stabilizing the metastable perovskite lattice. Three tiers of biomolecules have been systematically tested and the results reveal a fundamental mechanism for the formation of a “reverse-micelle” structure. Systematic exploration of a large set of biomolecules led to the discovery of guiding principle for down-selection of biomolecules which extends the classic emulsion theory to this hybrid systems. Results demonstrate that by introducing biomaterials into semiconductors, natural phenomena typically observed in biological systems can also be incorporated into semiconducting crystals, providing a new perspective to engineer existing synthetic materials.
Stable and efficient pure blue quantum-dot LEDs enabled by inserting an anti-oxidation layer
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Li Bo , Chang Chun , Chen Fei , Zhang Qin , Lin Qingli , Wang Lei , Yan Jinhang , Wang Fangfang , Chong Yihua , Du Zuliang , Fan Fengjia , Shen Huaibin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe efficiency and stability of red and green quantum-dot light-emitting diodes have already met the requirements for commercialization in displays. However, the poor stability of the blue ones, particularly pure blue color, is hindering the commercialization of full-color quantum-dot light-emitting diode technology. Severe hole accumulation at the blue quantum-dot/hole-transport layer interface makes the hole-transport layer prone to oxidation, limiting the device operational lifetime. Here, we propose inserting an anti-oxidation layer (poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)) between this interface to take in some holes from the hole-transport layer, which mitigates the oxidation-induced device degradation, enabling a T50 (time for the luminance decreasing by 50%) of more than 41,000 h with an initial brightness of 100 cd m−2 in pure blue devices. Meanwhile, the inserted transition layer facilitates hole injection and helps reduce electron leakage, leading to a peak external quantum efficiency of 23%.
Toward grouped-reservoir computing: organic neuromorphic vertical transistor with distributed reservoir states for efficient recognition and prediction
Authors: Gao Changsong , Liu Di , Xu Chenhui , Xie Weidong , Zhang Xianghong , Bai Junhua , Lin Zhixian , Zhang Cheng , Hu Yuanyuan , Guo Tailiang , Chen Huipeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReservoir computing has attracted considerable attention due to its low training cost. However, existing neuromorphic hardware, focusing mainly on shallow-reservoir computing, faces challenges in providing adequate spatial and temporal scales characteristic for effective computing. Here, we report an ultra-short channel organic neuromorphic vertical transistor with distributed reservoir states. The carrier dynamics used to map signals are enriched by coupled multivariate physics mechanisms, while the vertical architecture employed greatly increases the feedback intensity of the device. Consequently, the device as a reservoir, effectively mapping sequential signals into distributed reservoir state space with 1152 reservoir states, and the range ratio of temporal and spatial characteristics can simultaneously reach 2640 and 650, respectively. The grouped-reservoir computing based on the device can simultaneously adapt to different spatiotemporal task, achieving recognition accuracy over 94% and prediction correlation over 95%. This work proposes a new strategy for developing high-performance reservoir computing networks.
A multiplexed, confinable CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive can propagate in caged Aedes aegypti populations
Authors: Anderson Michelle A. E. , Gonzalez Estela , Edgington Matthew P. , Ang Joshua X. D. , Purusothaman Deepak-Kumar , Shackleford Lewis , Nevard Katherine , Verkuijl Sebald A. N. , Harvey-Samuel Timothy , Leftwich Philip T. , Esvelt Kevin , Alphey Luke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAedes aegypti is the main vector of several major pathogens including dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. Classical mosquito control strategies utilizing insecticides are threatened by rising resistance. This has stimulated interest in new genetic systems such as gene drivesHere, we test the regulatory sequences from the Ae. aegypti benign gonial cell neoplasm (bgcn) homolog to express Cas9 and a separate multiplexing sgRNA-expressing cassette inserted into the Ae. aegypti kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kmo) gene. When combined, these two elements provide highly effective germline cutting at the kmo locus and act as a gene drive. Our target genetic element drives through a cage trial population such that carrier frequency of the element increases from 50% to up to 89% of the population despite significant fitness costs to kmo insertions. Deep sequencing suggests that the multiplexing design could mitigate resistance allele formation in our gene drive system.