bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Abnormalities Classification of Red Blood Cells Using Fusion Method on Imbalance Datasets
Authors: Dhar Prasenjit , Suganya Devi K. , Bhattacharjee Ramanuj , Srinivasan P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRed blood cells (RBCs) or Erythrocytes are essential components of the human body and they transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, regulate balance, and support the immune system. Abnormalities in RBC shapes (Poikilocytosis) and sizes (Anisocytosis) can impede oxygen‐carrying capacity, leading to conditions such as anemia, thalassemia, McLeod Syndrome, liver disease, and so on. Hematologists typically spend considerable time manually examining RBC's shapes and sizes using a microscope and it is time‐consuming. The proposed LSTM based neural network (NN) deep‐learning strategy helps to classify abnormal RBCs automatically and accurately and overcome blood‐related disorders at an early stage. After data processing, traditional and high‐level features are fused to clearly distinguish between abnormal RBC classes. Class imbalance favors the dominant class, resulting in biased forecasts. To address class imbalance, a custom loss function is generated by integrating class weights and loss functions before feeding fused features to the NN classifier. Specifically, the loss function is designed to assign higher penalties to the misclassification of underrepresented classes, ensuring that the model is more sensitive to these classes during training. This is achieved by integrating class weights directly into the cross‐entropy loss calculation, thereby balancing the influence of each class on the model's learning process. The proposed approach's performance is evaluated using the publicly accessible Chula‐PIC‐Lab dataset and privately gathered dataset from the Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (CCHRC) in Assam, India. The proposed approach achieves an average of and ‐score and accuracy on the Chula‐PIC‐Lab dataset and an average of and ‐score and accuracy on the CCHRC dataset for and classes and surpasses benchmark models including Custom CNN, Custom LSTM, Efficient Net‐B1, SMOTE, Hybrid NN, and HPKNN.
Assessing Titania Pigment Distribution in Water‐Based Coatings by Image Analysis of Ion Beam Milled Sections
Authors: Chen Qi , Wilbers Arnold , Aloi Antonio , Timmermans Nils , van Meer Mike , Okhuijsen Remco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBy applying various image analysis methods, the distribution of titania pigments in water‐based paint films is assessed in this work. Cross‐sections of paint films containing titania are prepared using triple ion beam milling, and the milled cross‐sections are imaged using scanning electron microscopy. The obtained morphology of the paint films with known difference in pigment distribution is then determined and quantified by means of image analysis. It is found that the inter‐particle distance which is calculated by determining the distance between each individual particle can serve as good differentiator for assessing the quality of pigment distribution. Furthermore, a comparison is made between 2D (triple ion beam milling) and 3D (focused ion beam with slice and view) imaging methods on the same sample. The 2D method, with its ease of use, short experimental time and artefact free imaging, gives better results in the system studied in this work.
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma: Characterization of clonal T and B cells and a patient‐derived xenograft study of coexisting T‐ and B‐cell proliferation
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxian , Jagadeesh Deepa , Bodo Juraj , Durkin Lisa , Lindner Daniel J. , Ondrejka Sarah L. , Hsi Eric D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionAngioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare and aggressive lymphoma with a poor prognosis. AITL is associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive B cells in most cases, suggesting a possible role for the virus in the pathobiology of AITL. Cell lines from AITL patients do not exist and models of human AITL are needed. We aim to establish such a model and use it for preclinical therapeutic evaluation.MethodsPrimary lymph node tissue from an AITL patient was used for tumor cell isolation and injection to NSG mice. The established patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model was characterized by immunophenotyping, whole‐exome sequencing (WES), and T/B‐cell receptor gene rearrangement studies. In vivo AITL PDX trials were performed with elotuzumab, romidepsin, and rituximab.ResultsAn AITL PDX mouse model that includes a coexisting EBV+ B‐cell proliferation was established. We confirmed clonal identity of the engrafted T cells with the primary T‐lymphoma cells. WES on DNA from xenografted sorted T and B cells identified eight and three mutations previously reported in the COSMIC database, respectively. Primary tumor cells could be passaged serially in NSG mice with an increasing percentage of monoclonal B cells that mimic the human condition in which the clonal B‐cell component in some cases may mask an underling T‐cell lymphoma. In this PDX mouse study, single agent elotuzumab or rituximab significantly improved mice survival. Survival was further improved when elotuzumab or romidepsin was combined with rituximab.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of AITL model coexisting with associated EBV+ B cells, and use of such a PDX model for therapeutic evaluation of agents targeting both malignant T cells and B cells simultaneously.
Preparation and Optimization of Electrospun Nylon‐6 Fiber‐Reinforced High Strength and Toughness Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites for Potential Use in Prosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: Duan Gaigai , Yang Xiuling , Ding Minmin , Wu Qijun , Zhang Chunmei , Jiang Shaohua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe interfacial aspects of fiber composites are widely favored. Here, three composite strategies based on hot‐pressing, electrospinning, and impregnation of PA6 fibers are presented for the preparation of PA6 fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (PA6/TPU) composites. The morphologies of the electrospun fiber/matrix interface and the mechanical properties of the PA6/TPU composite are investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of the H‐PA6/TPU composite are respectively 29.45 ± 1.477 MPa, 47.28 ± 2.61 MPa, and 38.03 ± 1.996 MJ m−3. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of the E‐PA6/TPU composite are 28.03 ± 1.411 MPa, 73.81 ± 4.16 MPa, and 24.12 ± 1.265 MJ m−3, respectively. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of the I‐PA6/TPU composite are respectively 29.45 ± 1.477 MPa, 47.28 ± 2.61 MPa, and 38.03 ± 1.996 MJ m−3, and the elongation at break is ≈240%. Moreover, without loss of TPU properties, the impregnation method effectively improves the interface adhesion between the fiber and the matrix, and the mechanical properties of PA6/TPU composite are significantly improved even if the fiber content is low. The impregnation method is simple to operate and can be extended to other thermoplastic polymers and other fiber‐reinforced composites.
Synthesis and Polymerization of Thiophene‐Bearing 2‐Oxazolines and 2‐Oxazines
Authors: Lee Aaron , Heck Julian , Goding Josef , Luxenhofer Robert , Green Rylie A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntrinsically conductive polymers have garnered a great deal of attention for use in medical and bioelectronic applications. Despite this, challenges associated with the mechanical stability, processability, and fabrication of conducting polymers have limited their utility. To circumvent these limitations, thiophene substituted 2‐oxazolines (2Ox) and 2‐oxazines (2Ozi) are introduced, which can be polymerized to form a thermally stable and potentially melt‐processable polymers as precursors for conductive polymers. A series of such monomers are synthesized and yields above 50% are obtained for gram scale reactions. The monomers can subsequently be polymerized using standard cationic ring‐opening methods to yield thiophene‐bearing poly(2‐oxazoline)s (POx) and poly(2‐oxazine)s (POzi) with narrow to moderate dispersity. The polymers exhibit glass transition temperatures between 50 °C and 100 °C and thermal stability beyond 250 °C. Moreover, random copolymers can be produced by introducing aliphatic 2‐oxazolines during polymer synthesis, which facilitates tailoring of the polymer properties and may enable new applications in melt extrusion printing or electrospinning of precursors for conducting polymer systems. Overall, a facile approach is described for the synthesis of thiophene‐functionalized monomers and polymers, providing covalent integration of thiophenes that opens new avenues toward the generation of functional and stimuli‐responsive biomaterials.
MS‐Based Glycome Characterization of Biotherapeutics With N‐ and O‐Glycosylation
Authors: Oh Myung Jin , Seo Youngsuk , Seo Nari , An Hyun Joo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the increasing FDA approvals of glycoprotein‐based biotherapeutics including monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, and enzyme treatments, the significance of glycosylation in modulating drug efficacy and safety becomes central. This review highlights the crucial role of mass spectrometry (MS) in elucidating the glycome of biotherapeutics that feature N‐ and O‐glycosylation, directly addressing the challenges posed by glycosylation complexity and heterogeneity. We have detailed the advancements and application of MS technologies including MALDI‐TOF MS, LC‐MS, and tandem MS in the precise characterization of glycoprotein therapeutics. Emphasizing MS‐based strategies for detecting immunogenic glycans and ensuring batch‐to‐batch consistency, this review highlights targeted approaches for glycoprotein, glycopeptide, and glycan analysis tailored to meet the stringent analytical and regulatory demands of biopharmaceutical development.
Double‐Barreled Vascularized Fibula Free Flap in Pediatric Tibial Bone Defect Reconstruction: A 20‐Year Monocentric Experience
Authors: Thuau François , Hamel Antoine , Duteille Franck 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionReconstructing large bone defects for lower limb salvage in the pediatric population remains challenging due to complex oncological or septic issues, limited surgical options, and lengthy procedures prone to complications. The vascularized double‐barreled fibula free flap is pivotal for reconstructing large bones. In this article, we report our experience with this technique in the surgical management of pediatric tibial bone defects.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients under 18 years of age who underwent tibial reconstruction using a double‐barreled fibula free flap at our center between 2004 and 2023. Collected data included demographic information, operative details, time to bone consolidation and full weight‐bearing, and functional outcomes using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.ResultsEight patients (5 females, 3 males) with a mean age of 12.5 years (range 5–17) were included. The average tibial defect length was 11.2 cm (range 7–14 cm), affecting the proximal tibia in 4 cases (50%), the middle third in 3 cases (37.5%), and the distal third in 1 case (12.5%). Reconstruction followed oncologic resection in 7 patients (87.5%) and addressed congenital pseudarthrosis in 1 patient (12.5%).One patient died of sarcoma. Six patients (75%) achieved full weight‐bearing within a median of 7 months (range 6–16) and a bone consolidation at 9 months in median (range 6–18). One reconstruction (12.5%) failed due to septic pseudarthrosis leading to a below‐knee amputation. The mean MSTS score was 81.65 (range 63.3–100).ConclusionThis study is the first to focus on pediatric tibial reconstructions using the double‐barreled vascularized fibula free flap. It highlights the technique's reliability for reconstructing tibial defects, particularly in intermediate‐sized cases (7–14 cm). This single‐stage procedure minimizes stress fracture risk, enables earlier weight‐bearing, and is an alternative to the Capanna technique without requiring an allograft.
Large Deviation Principle for a Two‐Time‐Scale Mckean–Vlasov Model With Jumps
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Xu Yong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis work focuses on the large deviation principle for a two‐time‐scale McKean–Vlasov system with jumps. Based on the variational framework of the McKean–Vlasov system with jumps, it is turned into weak convergence for the controlled system. Unlike general two‐timescale system, the controlled McKean–Vlasov system is related to the law of the original system, which causes difficulties in qualitative analysis. In solving this issue, employing asymptotics of the original system and a Khasminskii‐type averaging principle together is efficient. Finally, it is shown that the limit is related to the Dirac measure of the solution to the ordinary differential equation.
Chromosomal Aberrations in Fetuses With Isolated Persistent Right Umbilical Vein—A Nationwide Study
Authors: Vedel Cathrine , Farlie Richard , Vase Laura , Nielsen Lise Hald , Jensen Ann Nygaard , Barken Sidsel Svennekjaer , Hjort‐Pedersen Karina , Petersen Olav Bjørn 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in fetuses with isolated PRUV in a nationwide cohort with 1st‐trimester screening for aneuploidies.MethodA retrospective study including all pregnancies in Denmark with a due date between 2010 and 2022. We retrieved all cases from patient files, where we searched for “PRUV” in the conclusion field. All retrieved cases were manually assessed to determine if PRUV was present, associated anomalies were present, and genetic tests were performed including results. Additional data on postnatal genetics were retrieved from the Danish Cytogenetic Central Registry.ResultsA total of 262 cases with PRUV were retrieved, of which 19 (7.3%) had associated malformations. Among the isolated cases, 119 (49.0%) had a prenatal invasive genetic test that consisted of CMA, and 5 cases had an NIPT (2.1%): All tests were normal or showed low risk for aneuploidies, respectively. None of the children born with PRUV had a postnatal genetic test performed.ConclusionWe found no chromosomal aberrations in fetuses with isolated or non‐isolated PRUVs. Isolated PRUV does not seem associated with a higher incidence of chromosomal aberrations, so parents can be reassured. However, since PRUV was associated with other malformations in 7% of cases, thorough scans are needed.
The fabrication of conveyor rubber belt via bio‐oil obtained by rice husk pyrolysis
Authors: Paşa Salih , Gürer Hüseyincan , Alagöz Oğuzhan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBio‐oil, also called pyrolysis oil, bio‐fuel oil, pyrolytic oil, or liquid wood, is produced through biomass pyrolysis at high‐temperature decomposition without added oxygen. In this study, the use of the liquid product (bio‐oil) obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of rice husk was investigated. The aim of the work was the employment of obtained bio‐oil instead of rubber process oil and binder resin in rubber dough mixtures used in the production of conveyor belts. The bio‐oil obtained from pyrolysis of rice husk was used instead of resin and aromatic oil at rates of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in the rubber fabrication. The optimum curing time was initially determined by rheometer tests before the vulcanization process. Then, the adhesion strengths rubber‐cloth (rubber‐weave) and cloth‐cloth (weave‐weave) of belt samples were tested and compared. Furthermore, the appearance and distribution on the surface of rubber samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the bio‐oil derived from rice husk pyrolysis can be effectively utilized in rubber products due to its ability to reduce curing time. Moreover, the torque values also increased as the amount of bio‐oil was increased.Highlights
Bio‐oil was obtained by pyrolysis of rice husk.
Bio‐oil was employed as rubber process oil and softener oil in rubber dough.
The adhesion and rheometer tests of rubber belt samples were investigated.
Rice husk‐derived bio‐oil decreased the curing time of rubber fabrication.
The cross‐linking feature in the belt structure increased.
Convertibility and Barrier Performance of Novel Bio‐Based Extrusion‐Coated Paperboards
Authors: Lev Roman , Lyytikäinen Johanna , Luoma Enni , Tanninen Panu , Leminen Ville 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTConventional fossil fuel–based plastics for food packaging currently cause environmental concerns owing to poor recyclability and degradability, and new strategies are being developed to address these issues. One strategy involves the use of bioresources to produce bio‐based plastics that exhibit similar performance with enhanced sustainability. However, the understanding of the properties of these materials remains limited. Consequently, the convertibility and barrier properties of three extrusion‐coated paperboards before and after creasing were examined in this study. Each coating was composed of a partially bio‐based polymer:low‐density polyethylene (Bio‐PE) and two polybutylene succinate (PBS) grades. All materials demonstrated high oil resistance and low water absorbency (Cobb1800). Certain creased samples of Bio‐PE unexpectedly exhibited a higher barrier to oxygen than the unconverted material, whereas the results for the PBS grades were more consistent. In contrast, Bio‐PE provided a superior barrier to water vapour compared with PBS. The tests indicated that conversion did not reduce the material barrier properties, as confirmed by the negligible surface damage observed using scanning electron microscopy. The issues encountered were attributed to deviations in the production quality of Bio‐PE and insufficient adhesion of both PBS films to the substrate. Although further research is required for improving the coating uniformity and adhesion to substrate, the materials exhibit potential to advance the sustainable packaging.
Investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics of motion fields using three‐dimensional radar echoes to construct an ensemble nowcasting system
Authors: Chung Kao‐Shen , Hsu Yu‐Chiao , Tsou Yi‐Hao , Lin Hsin‐Hung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, a spatial and temporal analysis of three‐dimensional motion fields was conducted to formulate an ensemble nowcasting scheme. These motion fields were derived from radar data covering the entire volume and were analyzed across space and time for five different weather phenomena in Taiwan, namely, autumn precipitation, Meiyu front, squall line, afternoon thunderstorm and typhoon. Subsequently, perturbations will be introduced into the two‐dimensional motion field to develop an ensemble nowcasting framework. The magnitude of the perturbations will be adjusted based on the spatiotemporal analysis of the three‐dimensional motion fields. The effectiveness of the ensemble nowcasting in forecasting radar echoes and accumulated rainfall will be examined using a variety of verification scores. An evaluation of this ensemble nowcasting method demonstrated its efficacy in accurately predicting precipitation occurrences, with a reliability extending nearly three hours for five afore‐mentioned weather events. Furthermore, the forecasted accumulation of rainfall closely mirrored observed patterns, indicating the scheme's ability to capture precipitation distribution accurately. In summary, the ensemble nowcasting scheme mitigates uncertainties associated with motion field and exhibits superior forecasting capabilities compared with the original extrapolation method.
Impact of lipid asymmetry on membrane biophysical properties: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Yong , Lou Jizhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAsymmetry between outer and inner leaflets of cell membrane, such as variations in phospholipid composition, cholesterol (CHOL) distribution, stress levels, and ion environments, could significantly influence the biophysical properties of membranes, including the lateral organization of lipids and the formation of membrane nanodomains. To elucidate the effects of lipid component, lipid number mismatch, CHOL concentration asymmetry, and ionic conditions on membrane properties, we constructed several sets of all‐atom, multi‐component lipid bilayer models. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigated how membrane asymmetry modulates its biological characteristics. Our results indicate that CHOL concentration, whether symmetric or asymmetric between the leaflets, is the primary factor affecting membrane thickness, order parameters of the lipid tail, tilting angles of lipid molecules, water permeability, lateral pressure profiles, and transmembrane potential. Both low and high CHOL concentrations significantly alter lipid bilayer properties. Inducing cross‐leaflet stress by mismatching lipid numbers can modify lipid order parameters and the tilting angles but has only mild effect on lateral pressure profiles and membrane thickness. Additionally, we found that transmembrane potential, generated by ions concentration differences across the membrane, can influence water permeability. Our findings expand the current understanding of lipid membrane properties and underscore the importance of considering CHOL and phospholipid asymmetry in membrane biophysics. The membrane models developed in our study also provide more physiological conditions for studying membrane proteins using MD simulations.
Melatonin improves the in vitro growth of bovine oocytes collected from early antral follicles by maintaining oocyte‐cumulus cell communication
Authors: Islam Md Nuronnabi , Ebara Fumio , Konno Toshihiro , Tatemoto Hideki , Yamanaka Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeIn vitro, oocyte development is susceptible to oxidative stress, which leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study investigated whether the antioxidant melatonin attenuates ER stress and maintains oocyte‐cumulus cell communication during the in vitro growth (IVG) of bovine oocytes.MethodsOocyte‐granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were harvested from slaughterhouse‐derived ovaries and grown in vitro for 5 d at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 humidified air. Melatonin (10−7, 10−9, or 10−11 M) was added to the culture medium.ResultsOocyte diameter increased on day 5 from its initial value in all groups. The antrum formation rate was significantly higher in the 10−9 M melatonin‐treated group than in the control. The melatonin‐treated group showed reduced oxidative stress and increased gap junction communication compared with the control. ER stress‐related genes in OGCs were significantly downregulated in the 10−9 M melatonin‐treated group compared with those in the control. No significant changes were found in subsequent maturation among groups; however, 10−9 M melatonin treatment during IVG and IVM increased the maturation rate compared with that in the control.ConclusionsMelatonin reduces oxidative stress, which attenuates ER stress in OGCs during IVG of bovine oocytes and may improve IVG efficiency in assisted reproductive technology.