bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect contacts between Danish pig farms – what are the frequencies and risk-reducing measures, and how can they be used in simulation models?
Authors: Fertner Mette , Conrady Beate , Røgind Anne Sax , Nielsen Elisabeth Okholm , Boklund Anette 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Information on indirect contacts (e.g. contact with visitors and non-porcine species on farms, shared staff and equipment, contact with trucks) is often poorly recorded even though it constitutes a risk in terms of disease transmission. The aim of the present study was to quantify the number of indirect contacts and associated biosecurity measures in Danish pig herds. A questionnaire survey was conducted among both veterinarians and pig producers in Denmark during 2022–2023. The veterinary questionnaire resulted in 143 answers, representing the Veterinary Health Advisory Service contracts for 53% of non-hobby pig farms. The questionnaire for the pig producers resulted in 373 valid responses and a final response rate of 18%. The results from the veterinary questionnaire provide information on veterinary contacts between pig farms and also estimates on the agreement between registration data and real-life observations.

Results
The questionnaire for veterinarians stated that the majority of veterinarians specialized within pig practice would visit > 3 pig farms per day, with pig farms being located with an average distance between the farms of 15 km. The veterinarians presumed wind, movement of pigs and trucks transporting pigs to be the main routes of PRRS infection. The questionnaire for pig producers provides updated data on indirect contacts (e.g. contact with visitors and non-porcine species on farms, sharing of staff and equipment, procedures for purchase/delivery of pigs and contact with trucks) stratified in terms of farm type and production type. Among respondents, 10% of the pig producers shared staff, while 2% shared equipment (washing robots) with other farms, excluding farms in a joint operation. When purchasing gilts, 70% of the participating pig producers introduced gilts in line with recommendations for strict quarantine for a minimum of 42 days. The delivery of the pigs varied, depending on the type of pigs being delivered: finishers were typically delivered for slaughter through delivery facilities into a (usually empty) slaughterhouse truck, while sows for slaughter were typically delivered by means of a delivery truck offsite into a slaughterhouse truck (usually with other pigs on board).

Conclusion
Since the inclusion of indirect contacts in disease spread models relies on valid data, the present study provided valuable data regarding the frequencies and biosecurity measures of indirect contacts between Danish pig herds, which may be useful in the parametrization of computational epidemiological models.
Structural and topological analysis of thiosemicarbazone-based metal complexes: computational and experimental study of bacterial biofilm inhibition and antioxidant activity
Authors: El‑Sayed Doaa S. , Hassan Shaymaa S. , Jassim Liblab S. , Issa Ali Abdullah , AL-Oqaili Firas , Albayaty Mustafa k. , Hasoon Buthenia A. , Jabir Majid S. , Rasool Khetam H. , Elbadawy Hemmat A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The structural and electronic behavior of thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-based metal complexes of Mn (II), Fe (II), and Ni (II) have been investigated. The synthesized metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, the computational path helped with further structural investigation. The solubility test on the TSC and its complexes revealed their solubility in most organic solvents. DFT computational analysis was performed, and quantum reactivity parameters of the octahedral optimized complexes were calculated to describe the reactivity via the stability states of the synthesized complexes. FMOs map was generated to confirm similar findings and MEP analysis was applied to elaborate the important electrophilic and nucleophilic sites on the studied surfaces. Also, other important topological analyses such as electron localization function and reduced density gradient, to establish the favorable noncovalent interactions, were studied. In silico molecular docking approach was studied against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus to predict the potent inhibition behavior of the studied complexes. The findings summarized the inhibition prediction of the most interactive [NiL2Cl2], then [FeL2Cl2] complexes as confirmed by the binding energy values (− 7.1 kacl/mol and − 6.4 kacl/mol, respectively). Another In silico results, with gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), estimated similar results of the experimental finding, where [MnL2Cl2] (− 9.2 kcal/mol) is the more effective predicted antibacterial inhibitor. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the inhibition of bacterial biofilm, and the DPPH assay was used to measure antioxidant activity, followed by an understanding of the behavior of the current complexes toward free radicals’ removal. The findings observed less aggregated bacterial strains covered with the studied complexes leading to less dense biofilm covering.
Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a social network-based, peer-led HIV self-testing intervention among men in two Ugandan fishing communities, 2022
Authors: Matovu Joseph KB , Namwama Aisha Twahiri , Kemigisha Linda , Taasi Geoffrey , Nakabugo Jennipher , Wandabwa Julius , Bogart Laura M. , Fakier Nuraan , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Musinguzi Joshua , Serwadda David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Social network-based interventions can improve uptake of health interventions. However, limited evidence exists on their feasibility and acceptability in fishing community settings. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a social network-based, peer-led HIV self-testing (HIVST) intervention among men in Uganda.

Methods
The PEer-led HIVST intervention for MEN (PEST4MEN) is a pilot intervention conducted among men in Kalangala and Buvuma districts. Baseline data were collected in July 2022 and follow-up data in September 2022. The intervention was implemented through 22 trained lay men (“peer-leaders”) who received training in HIVST use and distribution processes and requested to refer at least 20 male members from their social networks for study eligibility screening. To be eligible, men had to be aged 15 years or older with unknown or HIV-negative status. After the baseline interview, men were requested to pick two oral fluid-based HIVST kits from their peer-leaders. The intervention was deemed feasible if peer-leaders gave-out > 80% of the kits and acceptable if > 80% of the kits’ recipients used them to self-test for HIV. At the follow-up interview, newly diagnosed HIV-positive men were asked if they had linked to HIV care. Data were descriptively analyzed using STATA version 16.0.

Results
Of 475 screened men, 400 (84.2%) met the eligibility criteria and completed the baseline interview. Of these, 56.7% (n = 227) were engaged in fishing or fishing-related activities. At follow-up, 361 men (90.2%) were interviewed; 98.3% (n = 355) received at least one kit from their peer-leaders. Nearly all (99.1%, n = 352) kits’ recipients used them to self-test for HIV. Of the 352 HIV self-testers, 51 men (14.5%) had reactive (positive) HIV self-test results. Nearly one-third of the HIV self-tested men (31.4%, n = 16) were first-time HIV-positive testers. Of these, 87.5% (n = 14) went for confirmatory HIV testing, 50.0% (n = 7) were confirmed as HIV-positive and 71.4% (n = 5) were linked to HIV care.

Conclusion
Our peer-led HIVST intervention was feasible and acceptable and identified newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who were linked to HIV care. However, while these results are promising, we recommend additional research in a randomized controlled trial prior to the eventual roll-out of this intervention.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT05685498 (retrospectively registered on January 17, 2023).
Exploring timely and safe discharge from ICU: a comparative study of machine learning predictions and clinical practices
Authors: Wu Chao Ping , Shirley Rachel Benish , Milinovich Alex , Liu Kaiyin , Mireles-Cabodevila Eduardo , Khouli Hassan , Duggal Abhijit , Bhattacharyya Anirban 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The discharge practices from the intensive care unit exhibit heterogeneity and the recognition of eligible patients for discharge is often delayed. Recognizing the importance of safe discharge, which aims to minimize readmission and mortality, we developed a dynamic machine-learning model. The model aims to accurately identify patients ready for discharge, offering a comparison of its effectiveness with physician decisions in terms of safety and discrepancies in discharge readiness assessment.

Methods
This retrospective study uses data from patients in the medical ICU from 2015-to-2019 to develop ML models. The models were based on dynamic ICU-readily available features such as hourly vital signs, laboratory results, and interventions and were developed using various ML algorithms. The primary outcome was the hourly prediction of ICU discharge without readmission or death within 72 h post-discharge. These outcomes underwent subsequent validation within a distinct cohort from the year 2020. Additionally, the models’ performance was assessed in comparison to physician judgments, with any discrepancies between the two carefully analyzed.

Result
In the 2015-to-2019 cohort, the study included 17,852 unique ICU admissions. The LightGBM model outperformed other algorithms, achieving a AUROC of 0.91 (95%CI 0.9–0.91) and performance was held in the 2020 validation cohort (n = 509) with an AUROC of 0.85 (95%CI 0.84–0.85). The calibration result showed Brier score of 0.254 (95%CI 0.253–0.255). The physician agreed with the models’ discharge-readiness prediction in 84.5% of patients. In patients discharged by physicians but not deemed ready by our model, the relative risk of 72-h post-ICU adverse outcomes was 2.32 (95% CI 1.1–4.9). Furthermore, the model predicted patients’ readiness for discharge between 5 (IQR: 2–13.5) and 9 (IQR: 3–17) hours earlier in our selected thresholds.

Conclusion
The study underscores the potential of ML models in predicting patient discharge readiness, mirroring physician behavior closely while identifying eligible patients earlier. It also highlights ML models can serve as a promising screening tool to enhance ICU discharge, presenting a pathway toward more efficient and reliable critical care decision-making.
Effect of muscle energy technique versus Pilates on functional outcomes among physiotherapy students with non-specific neck pain
Authors: Arul Janani , R Rachana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that can impact the academic performance and well-being of college students, particularly those in healthcare programs. While both muscle energy technique (MET) and Pilates have shown promise in treating non-specific neck pain, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and deep neck flexor strength in physiotherapy students with non-specific neck pain.

Objectives
The objective was to assess the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and neck flexor strength using the painDETECT Questionnaire and Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire.

Methodology
A total of 32 physiotherapy students were divided into two groups: Group A (Pilates, n = 16) and Group B (MET, n = 16). The painDETECT Questionnaire, Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire, and pressure biofeedback were used to assess pain, disability, and neck flexor strength. Both groups underwent a 3-week intervention, with three sessions per week.

Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in pain, disability, and neck flexor strength (p < 0.05). The MET group had a slightly greater reduction in pain (− 13.51%) compared to Pilates (− 11.27%), while the Pilates group showed marginally better improvement in disability (− 48.00% vs. − 46.53%).

Conclusion
MET and Pilates are both effective in reducing pain, improving disability, and enhancing deep neck flexor strength in students with non-specific neck pain. Both interventions present viable treatment options for managing neck pain in college students.
The impact of air pollution on neurodegenerative diseases: a narrative review of current evidence
Authors: Aderinto Nicholas , Ajagbe Abayomi Oyeyemi , Olatunji Gbolahan , Kokori Emmanuel , Ogieuhi Ikponmwosa Jude , Abdulbasit Muili Opeyemi , Babalola Adetola Emmanuel , Mobolaji Ayoola Abdulateef , Edun Mariam Tolulope , Giwa Kudirat Abike , Olawade David , Oyewo Oluwaseun , Ezeano Chimezirim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This narrative review explores the relationship between air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Historically, air pollution has been linked primarily to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, but recent evidence suggests that it may also impact neurological health. With the global increase in neurodegenerative diseases, understanding environmental risk factors has become crucial. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies, highlighting the potential role of air pollutants—particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and heavy metals—in the onset and progression of NDs. Key mechanisms under investigation include brain inflammation and microglial activation, which are believed to contribute to neurodegenerative processes. Animal and human studies have shown correlations between air pollution exposure and increased risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Research indicates that air pollution may exacerbate neuroinflammation and cause white matter abnormalities, which disrupt neural communication and cognitive function. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that environmental factors like residential greenness and climate action could mitigate some of these adverse effects. Despite advancements, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding the long-term impact of chronic exposure and the specific molecular pathways involved. This review shows the need for further research to clarify these mechanisms and develop targeted interventions. Addressing air pollution’s impact on neurodegenerative diseases requires comprehensive public health strategies, including stricter environmental regulations and increased awareness, alongside continued research into preventive and therapeutic measures.
Shear properties of jointed dual-pylon of the cable-stayed bridge with separated unequal-width decks under asymmetric load
Authors: Luo Chao , Xin Jingzhou , Yang Jiafeng , Jiang Yan , Huang Lei , Zhou Jianting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The significant load disparity between the two decks of a cable-stayed bridge with separated unequal-width decks results in complex asymmetric static effects in the jointed dual-pylon. To investigate the structural behaviour and reliability of the jointed dual-pylon under asymmetric loads, a 1:30 scaled model test and numerical simulation were conducted based on the world's first road-railway same-level cable-stayed bridge with jointed pylons. The test results indicate when the unbalanced horizontal force of the jointed dual-pylon structure reaches its maximum during the service phase, the stress at the dual-pylon connectivity node remains relatively low, indicating good shear resistance of the dual-pylon connectivity node. Structural failure occurs when the load reaches 1.82 times the maximum shear stress at the tower column merging section, and the railway beam will experience severe cracking and stiffness degradation, ultimately leading to loss of bearing capacity. The calculation results further reveal that under the combined action of dead load, full-span moving load, and lateral wind load, the minimum calculated nonlinear stability coefficient of the dual-pylon connectivity node is 1.65. Moving load and longitudinal wind load have minimal impact on the nonlinear stability coefficient, and the dead load and lateral wind load primarily govern the failure of the dual-pylon connectivity node.
Super pan-genome reveals extensive genomic variations associated with phenotypic divergence in Actinidia
Authors: Yu Xiaofen , Qu Minghao , Wu Pan , Zhou Miao , Lai Enhui , Liu Huan , Guo Sumin , Li Shan , Yao Xiaohong , Gao Lei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important horticultural fruit crop worldwide. The genomic data of several kiwifruit species have been released, providing an unprecedented opportunity for pan-genome analysis to comprehensively investigate the inter- and intra-species genetic diversity and facilitate utilization for kiwifruit breeding. Here, we generated a kiwifruit super pan-genome using 15 high-quality assemblies of eight Actinidia species. For gene-based pan-genome, a total of 61,465 gene families were identified, and the softcore and dispensable genes were enriched in biological processes like response to endogenous stimulus, response to hormone and cell wall organization or biogenesis. Then, structural variations (SVs) against A. chinensis ‘Donghong’ were identified and then used to construct a graph-based genome. Further population-scale SVs based on resequencing data from 112 individuals of 20 species revealed extensive SVs which probably contributed to the phenotypic diversity among the Actinidia species. SV hotspot regions were found contributed to environmental adaptation. Furthermore, we systematically identified resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in the 15 assemblies and generated a pan-RGA dataset to reveal the diversity of genes potentially involved in disease resistance in Actinidia. The pan-genomic data obtained here is useful for evolutionary and functional genomic studies in Actinidia, and facilitates breeding design.
Metastatic Insulinoma Managed With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Young Female Patient
Authors: Bondarenko Darya , Thelmo Franklin L , Shirodkar Monika K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms and causes of hypoglycemia. They present with neuroglycopenic symptoms, including confusion and seizures. Suspected diagnosis must be confirmed through bloodwork and imaging. The majority of insulinomas are benign and cured surgically; less than 10% of insulinomas are malignant. Malignant insulinomas present a unique and rare challenge in managing persistent hypoglycemia and tumor burden. We present a case of a young woman who presented with Whipple triad and high-grade masses in her pancreas, liver, and distant lymph node metastases on imaging. Insulinoma was diagnosed. Hypoglycemia was managed with continuous dextrose infusion, diazoxide, and lanreotide. She was discharged on medical management and a continuous glucose monitor. Her metastatic disease is being treated with a capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) regimen showing 30% reduction in tumor burden. In conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, she is undergoing evaluation with numerous neuroendocrine tumor surgeons for cytoreductive surgery.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia Localized by Systemic Venous Sampling and 68Ga-DOTATOC Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Nakao Tomomi , Takeshima Ken , Morita Shuhei , Yamauchi Ichiro , Koyasu Sho , Matsuoka Taka-Aki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tumor-induced osteomalacia is characterized by hypophosphatemia and fragility fractures caused by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-producing tumors. We report a case of tumor-induced osteomalacia in which the tumor location could be determined by gallium 68 (68Ga)-DOTATOC positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). A 74-year-old woman had recurrent fractures and bone pain. Blood tests showed hypophosphatemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and FGF23 levels and CT and bone scintigraphy showed multiple bone fractures. Tumor-induced osteomalacia was therefore suspected. Indium 111 (111In)-pentetreotide scintigraphy showed focus of increased activity in the head, and CT and magnetic resonance images showed a mass-like lesion in the posterior ethmoidal sinus. However, in systemic venous sampling, serum FGF23 level was highest in the left common iliac vein. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT clearly demonstrated focal uptake in the left anterior inferior iliac spine consistent with systemic venous sampling. Retrospectively analyzed, focal uptake in the head was considered to be a physiological uptake in the pituitary gland. The tumor was resected and the pathological diagnosis was phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. A combination of systemic venous sampling and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was useful in detection of a small FGF23-producing tumor. Precise tumor localization in such cases requires careful interpretation of scintigraphy.
Recurrent Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Successfully Treated With Radiation and Immunotherapy
Authors: Hamidi Sarah , Ning Matthew S , Phan Jack , Zafereo Mark E , Gule-Monroe Maria K , Dadu Ramona 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A 65-year-old patient presented with recurrent, locally advanced poorly differentiated thyroid cancer despite 2 neck surgeries, and with newly diagnosed brain and skull base metastases. He was treated with palliative stereotactic radiosurgery to the brain and skull base lesions. Thereafter, as no targetable genetic alteration was identified and antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors were deemed at high risk of hemorrhagic complications, off-label systemic therapies were considered. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus could not be obtained due to lack of insurance coverage, so the patient was treated with single-agent pembrolizumab. He showed an initial remarkable response, but unfortunately had disease progression in the neck and upper mediastinum after 1 year of therapy. At that time, he was treated with external beam radiotherapy, with concomitant pembrolizumab. He was then found to have an CTSB::ALK fusion, which has previously been described in 2 cases of thyroid cancer. However, as he showed a positive response to radiation with pembrolizumab, he continued single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition and had a persistent marked response almost a year after completing radiation. The patient was then followed at an outside institution and was transitioned to hospice at time of progression per his preference. He died 4 years after his initial diagnosis.