bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood and AIDS in America Science, Politics, and the Making of an Iatrogenic Catastrophe
Authors: Bayer Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On July 16, 1982, three cases of Pneumocystis cariniipneumonia were reported among hemophiliacs in the Centers for Disease Control’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report1. Two had died; one remained critically ill. All three were heterosexual. None had a history of intravenous drug use. In commenting on these cases, the CDC stated, “Although the course of the severe immune dysfunction is unknown, the occurrence among the three hemophiliac cases suggests the possible transmission of an agent through blood products.” These were the sentinel cases of an iatrogenic catastrophe that would affect the lives of thousands of blood transfusion recipients and hemophiliacs dependent on factor VIII concentrate for the treatment of their disorder. And although the numbers affected would be relatively small compared to the hundreds of thousands who would become infected through sexual contact and intravenous drug use, the plight of those infected through blood would, because of its implications for the vulnerability of all Americans, take on special significance.
Training Soprano Voices
Authors: Miller Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All soprano voices have characteristics in common, but each type of soprano voice also has special features that require a particular approach in teaching. A young dramatic soprano must not be forced into a soubrette mold, nor should the soubrette soprano be assigned dramatic tasks. Training Soprano Voices offers a complete system for training each type of soprano voice based on historic vocal pedagogy coupled with modern-day research on the singing voice. Designed as a practical program for singers, teachers, and voice professionals, the book places emphasis on the special nature of the soprano voice and the proper physiological functioning for the establishment of vocal proficiency. For each category of voice, Miller supplies a detailed description, recommends appropriate literature, and provides an effective system for voice building, including techniques for breath management, vibratory response, resonance balancing, language articulation, vocal agility, sostenuto, proper vocal registration, and dynamic control. The book concludes with a daily regimen of vocal development for healthy singing and artistic performance. Dozens of technical exercises, vocalization material taken from the performance literature, and numerous anatomical illustrations are included.
The Polo Grounds
Authors: Tygiel Jules 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I first experienced the Polo Grounds in its afterlife. It was no longer what writers in the 1910s dubbed “the eighth wonder of the world”: nor was it the “opera house and the fighting cockpit of the golden age of Sports” of the 1920s, or even the inspirational site of Bobby Thomson’s 1951 “Shot Heard ‘Round the World.. or Willie Mays’s miracle catch in the 1954 World Series. The Polo Grounds in 1962 more resembled, according to a Sporting News headline, a “Torpedoed Ship That Refuses to Sink,” or, in the words of Roger Angell, a “doomed old stadium:’ Given up for dead after the Giants had moved to San Francisco in 1958, the Polo Grounds had won a brief reprieve from demolition with the arrival of the New York Mets. While New York City built a new pleasure palace in Flushing Meadows, the fledging Mets would cavort in the well-worn arena on the banks of the Harlem River in upper Manhattan.
Sewanee-How To Make A Yan Kee Southern Memories of the 1940s
Authors: Brown Bertranu Wyatt 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A dead mule was lying in the middle of the two-lane road. The trip in the late summer of 1940 to reach the University of the South on the Cumberland plateau had been scary enough for an eight-year-old from Pennsylvania Dutch country. Although Harrisburg, my birthplace, was not at the center of that culture, I had had two teenage Amish girls for nannies. The new territory was something really different. I had no experience at all with mountains or country life, much less farm animals, alive or dead. Hairpin turns on a narrow highway, yawning vistas into the deep coves below-these motions and sights had me slightly dizzy. We were riding in my much older brother Charles’s “Blue Flash,” as he had christened his 1936 four-door Ford convertible.
Psychopathologic Phenomena
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To practice neuropsychiatry well, you need to be able to recognize and elicit psychopathology. You use the patient’s psychopathology to make a DSM diagnosis. If you understand the neurologic implications of these and other behaviors, you also can determine which brain systems are dysfunctional. This awareness helps shape treatment. How a patient sits in a waiting area, greets you, and interacts with other patients or staff on the inpatient unit are some of the behaviors that reveal how that patient’s brain is working.
Traumatic Brain Injury And Stroke
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Each year about 200/100,000 Americans (80% mild, 10% substantial, 10% severe) suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Only 15% are hospitalized, but 50%-100% have ongoing neurologic impairment. Reduced head injury mortality has increased the number of persons with TBI-related neuropsychiatric disabilities. TBI incidence peaks between 15 and 25 years of age and again after 60 years. Males are two to three times as likely as females to be seriously injured, and 50% of persons with TBI have substantial blood alcohol levels at time of injury. About 20% of victims are left with significant disability.
Dementia
Authors: Taylor Michael Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Five percent of persons over age 65 years, and 20% or more of those over age 80 years, are demented. Dementia, however, is not an inevitable outcome of aging, although cognitive decline is. Dementia is characterized by widespread cognitive impairment, usually of slow onset, and, in the early stages, a clear sensorium. Some dementing processes can resolve if identified and treated (e.g., due to depression, medications, hypothyroidism). Most end in a chronic defect state.
An Ethic for Health Promotion
Authors: Buchanan David R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What are the goals of health promotion and the most apropriate means of achieving them? The prevailing view is that these goals are to prolong life and reduce mortality rates. Since the leading causes of morbidity and mortality are now largely attributable to lifestyle behaviors--smoking, diet, exercise, etc.--the means of achieving reductions in heart disease, cancer, strokes, diabetes and other chronic conditins are to identify more effective techniques for changing people's behavior. Virtually all health promotion research is currently directed towards accomplishing this objective. But at what cost? As researchers strive for more effective ways to change people's behavior, what are the implications for individual autonomy, integrity, and responsibility? Buchanan sets out to explain why a science of health promotion is neither imminent or estimable. He argues that health promotin is inescapably a moral and political endeavor and that goals more befitting the realization of human well-being are to promote self-knowledge, individual autonomy, integrity, and responsibility through putting into practice more democratic processes of self-direction and mutual support in civil society.
Stardust Melody
Authors: Sudhalter Richard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hoagy Carmichael was one of that remarkable group of songwriters who created the American popular song in its great age from the 1920s to the 1930s. Unlike most of the other leading songwriters of the period - such as Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern, Richard Rodgers, George Gershwin, Cole Porter, among others, all of whom were strongly New York based and directed - Carmichael's origins were in the Midwest, and his music, as one writer describes it, reflected the 'sounds of summer in a small-town America that is long ago but still longed for'. The American popular song developed and reached its peak in the same years that jazz extended its hold on America's music. Hoagy Carmichael has the strongest jazz roots of all America's great songwriters. He was intimately involved with the legendary jazz trumpeter Bix Beiderbecke, who was the dominant influence on his music. He sang and played piano in jazz groups well into the 1930s, and many of his songs greatly reflected these jazz roots - among them, 'Riverboat Shuffle', 'Washboard Blues', 'Georgia on my Mind', 'Lazy Bones', and 'Skylark'. Carmichael wrote 'Star Dust' - one of the most famous and popular American songs - which could be heard everywhere in the 1930s. In the late 1930s Carmichael began composing songs for Hollywood musicals, among them 'Two Sleepy People', 'I Get Along Without You Very Well', 'Ale Buttermilk Sky', and 'In the Cool, Cool of the Evening'. Carmichael also had a successful career in Hollywood as an actor, singer, and piano player. He appeared in 'To Have and Have Not' (with Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall), 'The Best Years of Our Lives', and 'Young Man With A Horn'. Throughout his career, Carmichael never lost his early affinity for, and deep love of, the dynamic jazz music of his youth. And some of the most majestic moments in the career of Louis Armstrong, jazz's preeminent figure, occur in performances of Carmichael's songs. And as Richard Sudhalter brilliantly reveals in this perceptive and moving biography, Carmichael and his music represent a special vision of America: 'open and decent, worldly but appreciative of simple pleasures, pragmatic yet principled, secular yet deeply moral.' Sudhalter understands Carmichael's music and its jazz roots, but he has an equally deep feel for this extraordinary man. He has written one of the great biographies of an American musical figure.
Populations and Places in Rural America
Authors: Ricketts Thomas C , Johnson-Webb, Karen D , K.Randolph Randy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The United States is a continental nation; it covers 3,787,319 square miles and is the third largest nation in the world. Its size and physical characteristics have meant that this single nation could accommodate thriving cities built on the trade from sheltered ports as well as vast farm, ranch, and wilderness areas distant from,urban growth. The great land area and generally moderate climate of the United States offer conditions for successful rural habitation. Even as the country's population has become proportionally more urban, its rural population has continued to grow. The 1990 census counted 61,658,330 "rural" people. That total is greater than the 1996 population of the United Kingdom (58 million), Spain (39 million), Italy (57 million), or France (58 million).
Reactions of Alkenes with03
Authors: Calvert J G , Atkinson R , Kerr J A , Madronich S , Moortgat G K , Wallington, T J , Yarwood G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of 03 with alkenes proceed by initial addition of 03 to the &gt; C=C &lt; bond(s) (Atkinson and Carter, 1984; Atkinson, 1994, 1997b). This mechanism is supported by the observed small deuterium isotope effect on the measured rate coefficients for ethene and ethene-d4, and propene and propene-d6: kHIk0 of 0.83 ± 0.06 and 0.86 ± 0.02, respectively, at 299 ± 2 K (Japar et al., 1974b). Further evidence that addition is the dominant reaction mechanism comes from the observation that the Oralkene rate coefficients show the same effects of alkyl-radical substitutions on the &gt; C=C &lt; bond as is observed in the OH-alkene and NOralkene reactions, for which the addition mechanism is well established; see table IV-A-1.
Theories, Hypotheses, and Statistics
Authors: Scheiner Samuel M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ecology is more and more an experimental science. Ecologists are increasing their use of experiments to test theories regarding organizing principles in nature (Hairston 1989; Resetarits and Bernardo 1998). However, ecological experiments, whether carried out in laboratories, greenhouses, or nature, present many statistical difficulties. Basic statistical assumptions are often seriously violated. Highly unbalanced designs are often encountered as a result of the loss of organisms or other biological realities. Obstacles such as the large scale of ecological processes or cost limitations hinder treatment replication.
ANOVA and ANCOVA: Field Competition Experiments
Authors: E.Goldberg Deborah , Scheiner Samuel M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Competition has occupied a central place in ecological theory since Darwin’s time, and experiments on competition have been conducted on many different organisms from many different environments (see reviews in Jackson 1981; Connell 1983; Schoener 1983; Hairston 1989; Gurevitch et al. 1992). There are many different kinds of competition experiments. The main focus of this chapter is how to choose the appropriate designs and statistical analyses for addressing particular kinds of questions about competition. Such choices depend on many aspects of the questions and systems under study.
Repeated-measures Analysis: Growth and Other Time-dependent Measures
Authors: von Ende Carl N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are many situations in which ecologists make repeated measurements on the same individual, on the same experimental unit, or at the same sampling site. Most commonly, some characteristic or factor is measured at several different times. For example, we may be interested in how body size, plant size, survivor ship, clutch size, population size, nutrient level, or pollutant level change over time for different populations, locations, or experimental treatments. A second type of study involving repeated measurements exposes each individual organism to different levels of some treatment and measures its response at each level.
Path Analysis: Pollination
Authors: Mitchell Randall J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Naturalists have recognized the importance of pollination in plant reproduction for more than 2500 years (Baker 1983). However, modem attempts to understand the details of this interaction have faced numerous difficulties. The major complication is that plant reproduction involves a number of sequential and relatively distinct stages, and experimental investigation of all the stages simultaneously is not feasible. Consider, for example, reproduction of the herbaceous monocarp (dies after reproducing) scarlet gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata, Polemoniaceae), found in mountains of western North America.
Meta-analysis: Combining the Results of Independent Experiments
Authors: Gurevitch Jessica , Hedges Larry V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we examine methods to statistically combine the results of separate studies to reach general conclusions. The statistical synthesis of the results of independent experiments is known as meta-analysis. These relatively new statistical techniques have been introduced fairly recently to the field of ecology (Gurevitch et al. 1992; Arnqvist and Wooster 1995), although they have had considerable influence on research synthesis in medicine (e.g., Sacks et al. 1987; Chalmers et al. 1989) and in the social sciences (e.g., Glass et al. 1981; Hyde and Linn 1986).
Talking as a Decision Procedure
Authors: Schauer Frederick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a source of continuing astonishment for me that such a small percentage of even my soundest opinions command widespread assent. Indeed, my only source of solace in this is the knowledge that most others experience life in similar ways and thus must confront daily the obtuseness of their fellow citizens. For many of us, the resistance of other members of the community to even our strongest arguments is a continuing and puzzling frustration.
Deliberation, and What Else?
Authors: Walzer Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recent outpouring of books and articles on deliberative democracy is very impressive, and many of the arguments are persuasive. But there has been so little disagreement about deliberation-and no effort at all to consider its contexts and complements-that the idea is in danger of becoming common-place and sterile.1 So I intend to indulge a contrarian impulse and try to make a list of all the nondeliberative activities that democratic politics legitimately, and perhaps even necessarily, involves. I doubt that the list is exhaustive, though I have not knowingly left anything out. As will quickly become obvious, I have not made deliberation synonymous with thinking; mine is not a list of thoughtless activities. Deliberation here describes a particular way of thinking: quiet, reflective, open to a wide range of evidence, respectful of different views. It is a rational process of weighing the available data, considering alternative possibilities, arguing about relevance and worthiness, and then choosing the best policy or person.
Mutual Respect as a Device of Exclusion
Authors: Fish Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A good part of the argument of Democracy and Disagreement appeared earlier in Gutmann and Thompson’s influential essay “Moral Conflict and Political Consensus.”1 That piece begins by observing that “religious controversy has traditionally been regarded as the paradigm of moral conflict that does not belong on the political agenda”2 (because it is intractable) and fairly quickly turns into a discussion of how to exclude from that agenda policies favoring racial discrimination. The authors think of themselves as going against the grain of Nagel-like appeals to higher-order principle, but in the end (and predictably) they make just such an appeal themselves in the name of”mutual respect.”
Constitutionalism and Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Knight Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contemporary debate about deliberative democracy often has a rather utopian quality. Advocates of deliberation regularly take it as self-evident truth that deliberation is a superior form of democratic decision-making. Similarly, many maintain the view that the only things that prevent deliberation from producing a consensus on complex social questions are constraints on time, energy, and resources. In addition, a positive and reciprocal relationship between individual attitudes and collective deliberation is assumed: On the one hand, deliberation requires a certain open and generous stance of mutual respect on the part of the participants, while on the other hand, we are assured that participation in the deliberative process will develop such an individual perspective. And, perhaps most important, the primary focus of the debate remains on abstract conceptions of deliberation, without much attention to how deliberative democracy can actually be institutionalized and maintained. In Democracy and Disagreement, Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson interject a significant dose of realism into the debate over the value of deliberation for democratic decision-making.1 They should be commended for advancing this debate on several fronts.
Internal Disagreements: Deliberation and Abortion
Authors: Wertheimer Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson’s Democracy and Disagreement is a major contribution to liberal egalitarian democratic theory. Unlike many works in democratic theory, the book does not speak to institutions or voting schemes. It goes to the moral spirit of interpersonal relations among citizens and their representatives. The core idea of the book is allegedly “simple”: “When citizens or their representatives disagree morally, they should continue to reason together to reach mutually acceptable decisions” (1). But just as the “one very simple principle” of Mill’s On Liberty turns out to be more than one principle, none of which are very simple, the authors’ core idea is rich and complex. And like Mill’s harm principle, their core idea gives rise to questions and difficulties for those, like myself, who are genuinely sympathetic with the project. In what follows, I want to discuss four issues that are internal to their theory. First, I want to ask what it means to seek “mutually acceptable decisions.” Second, I suggest that they do not do as much to accommodate those with whom they disagree as their theory suggests that they should. Third, I suggest that the authors’ account of the principles that should constrain the deliberative process may provide less space for genuine disagreement and democratic choice than a robust theory of democracy should permit. Fourth, I shall examine how their theory might approach the way in which citizens and representatives should view the results of a voting process.
Communicating a Poor Prognosis
Authors: Fischer Gary S , Tulsky, James A , Arnold Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most essential tasks in caring for a dying patient is communicating the prognosis accurately to the patient. Not only do patients need accurate prognostic information to make informed, rational decisions about their medical treatment,1-3 but they also need the opportunity to prepare for the expected course of their illness and eventual death. An honest, sensitive, and compassionate discussion about a poor prognosis sets the stage for an exploration of the emotions, fears, and spiritual needs surrounding the dying process.4 Furthermore, the quality of the prognostic discussion has an important influence on the patient’s emotional and physical well-being.
General Introduction
Authors: Krebs Charles J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We focus in this book on one particular part of the boreal forest, the Kluane sector of the Western Mountains region described by Rowe (1972) and Botkin and Simpson (1989). The Kluane region of the boreal forest differs from the surrounding regions in its relatively high elevation and in its location in the climatic rain shadow of the St. Elias Mountains. The white spruce is the only conifer in this area, and typical boreal forest trees such as black spruce, paper birch, lodgepole pine, and larch are absent at Kluane, although they occur within 200 km both northwest and southeast of Kluane. The relatively high elevation of the Kluane area (600-1100 m) is reflected in a colder climate and lower productivity than one finds farther north in central Alaska or in the southeastern Yukon.
Word Philology and Text Philology in Analects 9:1
Authors: Bruce Brooks E , Taeko Brooks A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sinological method, over the years, has largely focused on the philology of the single word and its meanings. Its concern with a text has traditionally been to ask whether it is authentic or not. If it is, it counts as an area within which consistent word and concept usage may be expected to obtain. If it is not, it is generally not much discussed by scholars. The problems raised by compound or complex texts, which have an identity but are not homogeneous in the way that integral texts are homogeneous, have scarcely been noticed. This traditional lack has not been made good by the availability of modern Western textual expertise, whose principal model is also a presumed single compositional starting point, from which variant texts gradually diverge.1
An Existentialist Reading of Book 4 of the Analects
Authors: Yearley Lee H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the more haunting of the many haunting passages in the Analects is the one that begins “The more I strain my gaze towards it, the higher it soars. The deeper I bore down into it, the harder it becomes. I see it in front; but suddenly it is behind” (Waley 9: 10). The comment describes, it could be said, not only the Confucian Way but also the figure or, better, figures of Confucius that appear in the text, as well as the text itself, or at least significant parts of it.