bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using novel self-attention mechanism TCN with soft thresholding method
Authors: Ding Li , Li Qing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rotating machinery (e.g. rolling bearings and gearboxes) is usually operated in high-risk and vulnerable environments such as time-varying loads and poor lubrication. Timely assessment of the operational status of rotating machinery is crucial to prevent damage caused by potential failure and shutdown, which significantly enhances the reliability of mechanical systems, prolongs the service life of critical components in rotating machinery, and minimizes unnecessary maintenance costs. In this regard, in this paper, a novel approach named self-attention mechanism combining time convolutional network with soft thresholding algorithm (SAM-TCN-ST) is proposed for fault intelligent recognition of rotating machinery. Specifically, the vibration signals are transformed into time-frequency graphs with distinct features utilizing the continuous wavelet transform, and then the proposed SAM-TCN-ST algorithm is employed for capturing essential data characteristics and classification performance. Eventually, datasets from rolling bearings and gearboxes are used to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method compared with state-of-the-art benchmark networks such as pure TCN, convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory models. Experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy rate of the proposed SAM-TCN-ST is higher than that obtained from the benchmark methods. This research presents an intelligent and viable solution for achieving real-time monitoring of the status and detecting faults in rotating machinery, thereby expectedly enhancing the reliability of mechanical systems. Consequently, the proposed SAM-TCN-ST algorithm holds significant potential for applications in prognostic and health management practices related to rotating machinery.
Error analysis and modeling of the racetrack magnetohydrodynamic linear motion sensor
Authors: Xu Mengjie , Mo Jiahui , Xia Chenyan , Yang Lei , Ji Feng , Chen Jingjing , Li Xingfei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Micro-vibration measurement methods for spacecraft structures mainly include the use of an accelerometer, laser, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) measurement methods. The micro-vibration measurement sensor developed based on the MHD measurement method has no mechanical wear between internal components, a fast high-frequency vibration response, and strong anti-interference properties. To reduce the measurement error of the racetrack MHD linear motion sensor developed in the laboratory, this paper investigated the sensor error, analysed the error source, combined the BP neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) with variational mode decomposition (VMD), used the VMD-PSO-BP neural network to establish the error compensation model of the racetrack MHD linear motion sensor, and combined the PSO-BP neural network with wavelet threshold de-noising (WTD). The WTD-PSO-BP and RBF neural networks were used to develop the error compensation model of the racetrack MHD linear motion sensor. Comparing the three models, the experimental results show that the VMD-PSO-BP model has the best compensation effect. The mean absolute error of the output signal of the racetrack MHD linear motion sensor compensated by the VMD-PSO-BP neural network model was 1–2 times lower than that before compensation, the signal-to-noise ratio was 10 times higher on average, and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.95.
Power loss model of electromagnetic waves propagation in cell solutions by GHz electrical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang An , Liu Xiayi , Wang Zhilong , Sun Bo , Zhao Tong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The propagation of GHz electromagnetic (EM) waves across cells in cell solutions has been analytically modeled and numerically calculated in order to elucidate the power loss in the boundary between dispersed medium and cell by establishing a theoretical model. Living and dead yeast cells are chosen as objects because of the simple cell structure and ease of observation under optical microscope. Through the model, the average power density of the incident wave
S
avi
, reflected wave
S
avr
, transmitted wave
S
avt
, and ratio of the power loss ψ are calculated and compared to analyze the power loss of EM waves inside living and dead yeast cells by considering the impacts of frequency of EM wave, cell viability, concentration, and component structures of the cell. Results demonstrate decreased
S
avi, S
avr
, and
S
avt
with rising frequency, especially noticeable below 100 MHz due to enhanced absorption from cell components. EM waves in living yeast cell solutions exhibit faster attenuation and stronger reflection compared to dead yeast cells, attributed to intact organelles and membranes intensifying absorption and scattering. The increasing cells concentration further attenuates EM waves. This work elucidates propagation and power loss of EM waves in cell solutions and provides an effective computational approach to optimize EM wave based biomedical applications.
Effect of annealing temperature on structural and electrochemical behaviour on MgFe2O4 as electrode material in neutral aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitors
Authors: Palani Hema , Rastogi Ankur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Binary metal oxides possess unique structures and multiple oxidation states, making them highly valuable in electrochemical analysis. This study aims to determine the effect of annealing temperature on the electrochemical properties of magnesium ferrite when used as an electrode material in a neutral aqueous electrolyte. We utilized the sol–gel technique to synthesize the material and annealed it at various temperatures. Our analysis of the material using different characterization techniques reveals significant changes in its structural and electrochemical properties. We found that the material exhibited a range of phases, and higher annealing temperatures led to improved electrochemical properties. The electrochemical measurements showed reversible and redox pseudo-capacitance behavior, with the material annealed at 500 °C exhibiting the highest specific capacitance of 117 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Capacitive and diffusion-controlled processes govern the total charge storage mechanism, and their contribution changes significantly as the annealing temperature varies. The capacitance retention of 500 °C annealed sample was 58% and it remained stable. This work establishes a correlation between annealing temperature on structural, morphological, and electrochemical behavior, thereby opening up avenues for tailoring them effectively. These findings can be useful in the development of future electrode materials for electrochemical applications.
Soft H-L back transitions by applying resonant magnetic perturbations in the low q
95 EAST plasmas
Authors: Shao L M , Chen R , Sun Y W , Wu M F , Gao W , Li K D , Li X , Jia M N , Ma Q , Meng L Y , Wang H H , Wang M R , Xu G S , Zang Q , Zhang L , Zhou C ,   the EAST Team
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Controlled ‘soft’ H-L transitions with a simultaneous ramp-down of plasma density and stored energy, generated by applying resonant magnetic perturbations (n = 2 RMPs), relevant to the control of ITER terminations, are achieved in the EAST tokamak. These H-mode plasmas are run at median electron densities and a low safety factor q
95 (

q

95

=
3.5

–4.0) under neutral beam injection (NBI) dominant heating. During a slow ramp in the RMP current the internal transport barrier for the electron density collapses at the beginning and the edge transport barrier for the electron density collapses later. Before the controlled H-L back transitions, the plasma stored energy W
MHD is linearly correlated with the core line-averaged density

⟨

n

e

⟩

. These controlled H-L back transitions ensue from the collapse of the edge transport barrier and at a similar energy confinement time

τ

e

H-L

∼
48

ms. These H-L transitions are not sensitive to the NBI power but are very sensitive to the fueling rate and ramp-up rate of the RMP current.
Controlled multiple spectral hole burning via a tripod-type atomic medium
Authors: Tiaz Gul , Sadia Qureshi Haleema , Ullah Shakir , Ghafoor Fazal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In limit of saturation spectroscopy, we theoretically study the spectral hole burning (SHB) in the absorption spectrum of a probe field through a tripod atomic system. The response function for the probe field is calculated in a Doppler-broadened medium. Burning of spectral holes is observed only for the counter propagation of either one or both the coupling fields in the medium. The SHB is not observed below some critical temperature which is a condition for the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the medium. The most interesting and significant feature is that the Doppler broadening acts as a decoherence effect in case of EIT, however, the Doppler broadening acts inversely in case of SHB and consequently the burning effect enhances. The SHB is further enhanced and controlled by classes of the average velocity of atoms. The classes of high average atomic velocity in the medium increase the number of spectral hole burns (HBs). The widths of HBs can be controlled by the intensity of the driving fields. A single HB can be switched to multiple HBs in a well-controlled manner using different classes of high average atomic velocity. The various switchable holes can be burned in a desired position of the absorption spectrum which in turn simultaneously slow down multiple probe fields. The phenomenon of SHB may be useful in the construction of multichannel optical switching and storage devices.
Optimal remote restoring of quantum states in communication lines via local magnetic field
Authors: Fel’dman E B , Pechen A N , Zenchuk A I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Optimal state transport across spin chains, which are proposed as quantum wires for information transfer in solid state quantum architectures, is an important topic for quantum technologies. In this work, we study the remote restoring of a quantum state transferred along a spin chain. The structural state-restoring technique provides proportionality between the appropriate elements of the density matrices of the initial sender state and receiver state at some time instant. We develop a remote state-restoring protocol which uses an inhomogeneous magnetic field with step-wise time-dependent Larmor frequencies as the state-control tool. For simulating the multiparametric Hamiltonian we use two approximating models. First model is based on the Trotter-Suzuki method, while the second model is based on using short pulses of high intensity. In both cases we estimate the accuracy of the approximation and find the optimal restoring parameters (Larmor frequencies) of the protocol which maximize the coefficients in the proportionality for spin chains of various lengths.
Experimental study on AC loss of 1G and 2G HTS coils with an identical structure, geometry and number of turns
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yang Tianhui , Li Wenxin , Xing Yuying , Li Ning , Li Chao , Xin Ying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Devices made of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) will suffer AC loss during AC operations, which has unnegligible influence on energy consumption, overall efficiency, cooling cost, and operational stability of the devices. In this study, comparative measurements on 1G and 2G HTS coil samples with an identical structure, geometry, and number of turns were systematically conducted with a calorimetric method at different current values (I
rmss) and frequencies (fs). The AC loss characteristics of the HTS samples were analyzed and compared based on the experimental results. The results show that eddy current and coupling play a more dominant role than magnetic hysteresis in the total AC loss of coils made of HTS tapes. The AC loss of both samples increases with I
rms and f, but the AC loss is more sensitive to I
rms than to f. Under the same conditions, the 1G coil sample has a slightly larger AC loss than the 2G one.
Damped Kadomtsev Petviashvilli equation for magnetosonic waves in a dissipative OH plasma in the ionospheric F-Layer
Authors: Tariq Z , Shah H A , Kahlon L Z , Asam M T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the linear and nonlinear dynamics of magnetosonic waves in a dissipative Oxygen-Hydrogen (OH) plasma. It is shown that such waves can propagate nonlinearly as solitary structures for both super and sub, acoustic and Alfvenic regimes. We use the hyperbolic tangent method to solve the collisional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation and obtain a damped solitary wave solution. Both compressive and rarefactive damped solitary structures are obtained and are significantly affected by the oxygen ion-neutral collision frequency, temperature, propagation angle, and ambient magnetic field present in the F-layer of Earth’s ionosphere.
Correlated noise enhances performance of joint remote state preparation in quantum multi-hop network
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Zhang Hanchen , Shen Beining , Qiu Zhipeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Joint remote state preparation (JRSP for short) can increase the security of quantum communication by distributing different parts of classical information to different senders. However, the communication efficiency in terms of fidelity decreases with the increase of intermediate nodes in multi-hop network. In this paper, we try to explore methods to improve fidelity of JRSP in multi-hop network presented by Zhang and Chen in 2023 Phys. Scr. 98 065107. Specifically, correlated Pauli noise with partial memory was introduced into the shared channel. We find that the fidelity increases with the increase of memory parameters, which compensates for the loss of fidelity caused by the increase of network nodes.
Application of the reproducing kernel method for solving linear Volterra integral equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Amoozad Taher , Allahviranloo Tofigh , Abbasbandy Saeid , Rostamy Malkhalifeh Mohsen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article proposes a new approach for solving linear Volterra integral equations with variable coefficients using the Reproducing Kernel Method (RKM). This method eliminates the need for the Gram-Schmidt process. However, the accuracy of RKM is influenced by various factors, including the selection of points, bases, space, and implementation method. The main objective of this article is to introduce a generalized method based on the Reproducing Kernel, which is successful in solving a special type of singular weakly nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs). The easy implementation, elimination of the Gram-Schmidt process, fewer calculations, and high accuracy of the present method are interesting. The conformity of numerical results, including tables and figures, with theorems related to error analysis and convergence order, confirms the practicality of the present method.
Temperature-dependent characterization of optical parameters in novel high birefringence nematic liquid crystal mixtures: an empirical investigation
Authors: Farezi Navid , Khoshsima Habib , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh , Ranjkesh Amid , Yoon Tae-Hoon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the temperature-dependent behaviors of three novel high-birefringence (Δn) nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) with varying clearing temperatures (T

NI
). The high birefringence of the studied novel nematic liquid crystals is advantageous for LCD applications. It ensures fast response times, wide viewing angles, enhanced color reproduction, and reduced cross-talk, optimizing display performance and image quality. The goal is to characterize their order parameters (S(T)), effective geometry parameters (α
eg), normalized polarizabilities, and crossover temperatures (T

co
). Utilizing a modified four-parameter model for temperature-dependent refractive indices, we extract adjustable parameters and analyze their impact on T

co
and S(T). Three approaches, including the Vuks model, the Haller approximation model, and an effective geometry parameter-based model, are employed to assess S(T). The study focuses on four unknown parameters (A, B, (Δn)
0, and β) derived from the modified model, along with the nematic–isotropic transition temperature (T

NI
). Findings reveal that a higher absolute value for the B parameter, a smaller β parameter value, elevated T

NI
values, and increased (Δn)0 values enhance the T

co
value.
Nonlinear complex generalized zakharov dynamical system inconformal sense utilizing new kudryashov method
Authors: Secer Aydin , Bayram Mustafa , Ozdemir Neslihan , Onder Ismail , Esen Handenur , Cinar Melih , Aydin Huseyin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We take into account the nonlinear complex generalized Zakharov dynamical system which models the spread of the Langmuir waves in ionized plasma, in the conformal sense in this manuscript. Fractional wave transformation is enforced to convert the nonlinear fractional system to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation system. The new Kudryashov method which was recently introduced and is an efficient method, is implemented to the presented equation to acquire analytical solutions. The required constraint conditions are offered to ensure the validity of the obtained solutions. To analyze the physical interpretations for some of the produced solutions, we illustrate some graphical representations. We derive the bright and singular solitons. Furthermore, 2D views of the behavior of the solitons are represented to investigate the effect of the values of the parameters in the proposed model and fractional parameters. Also, the modulation instability of the model is investigated to ensure the obtained results are stable.
Not-so-efficient proton acceleration by an intense laser pulse obliquely incident on a structured target
Authors: Khan Imran , Saxena Vikrant 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The interaction of an obliquely incident laser pulse with a flat TNSA target is known to enhance the cut-off energy of protons/ions as compared to a normally incident laser pulse, owing to Brunel or v × B heating. However, it is not well understood how the oblique incidence of the laser pulse would affect the protons/ion spectra in the case of a micro-structured target. Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we show here that the protons/ions cut-off energies are rather reduced in the case of oblique incidence of the laser pulse if the target has a micron-sized groove on its front surface. This is also found to be true for a periodically grooved target.
Quasi-mode evolution in a stochastic magnetic field
Authors: Cao Mingyun , Diamond P.H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present a multi-scale model of quasi-mode evolution in a stochastic magnetic field. The similarity between a quasi-mode and a ballooning mode enables us to address the challenges arising from the disparate geometries in the theories of ballooning modes in the presence of resonant magnetic perturbations. We obtain useful insights into our understanding of ballooning mode dynamics in a stochastic background. To maintain quasi-neutrality at all scales, the beat between the quasi-mode and the stochastic magnetic field drives microturbulence, which drives the turbulent background that promotes mixing and damps the quasi-mode. As a result of the broad mode structure of the quasi-mode, the turbulent viscosity and the turbulent diffusivity produced by the microturbulence are larger than those in our related study on resistive interchange modes. The stochastic magnetic field can also enhance the effective plasma inertia and reduce the effective drive, thereby slowing the mode growth. A nontrivial correlation between the microturbulence and the magnetic perturbations is shown to develop. This could account for the reduction in the Jensen–Shannon complexity of pedestal turbulence in the Resonant Magnetic Perturbation Edge-Localized Mode suppression phase observed in recent experiments. Directions for future experimental and theoretical studies are suggested.
β-induced Alfvén eigenmodes and fishbone driven by energetic electrons in EAST electron heating dominant plasmas
Authors: Chao Y. , Xu L.Q. , Mai C.W. , Wu M.Q. , Duan Y.M. , Lin S.Y. , Geng K.N , Zhou C. , Hu L.Q. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
β-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (e-BAE) and fishbone (e-fishbone) driven by the energetic electrons have been identified on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak in electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), low hybrid wave (LHW) together with neutral beam injection plasma and in pure radio frequency heating plasma, respectively. The e-BAE is predominantly located near the pedestal region, and its frequency typically displays a chirping characteristic. The frequency is notably associated with the count of energetic electrons with energy between 30 keV and 80 keV driven by LHW and undergoes three distinct phases. A direct correlation is established between the frequency of e-BAE and the global parameters, including electron temperature, Alfvén velocity and

β

p

. The e-fishbone emerges in the core and becomes noticeable shortly after ECRH initiation, in an electron heated dominant and core confinement enhanced discharge. Experimental analyses suggest that the e-fishbone ties closely with both the population and energy distribution of energetic electrons. These observations can provide valuable insights into the behavior of energetic electrons, which play a crucial role in the formation and sustainability of transport barriers within hybrid plasma, both in the internal and pedestal regions.