bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of pain patients reporting to the pain clinic of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi (Pakistan)
Authors: Azeem Yasmeen , Mansoor Ayesha , Naeem Uzma , Zahir Jawad , Zareen Abeera 
Published: February 2024

Background & Objective: Pain is the most common symptom, which brings a patient to the doctor. An ever-increasing spectrum of painful conditions are shared by both of the genders and have a significant influence on health and well-being. This impact can be reduced by proper diagnosis and management. We aimed to present an audit of our experience of pain related conditions and their management at our pain clinic at a tertiary care hospital.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Holy Family Hospital, on 1414 patients of both genders, who presented with pain at the specialized pain clinic of our hospital. To record the pattern of diseases among patients attending our specialized pain clinic, the data regarding the pain conditions diagnosed, the management strategies, and the relationship with the age and gender were noted.
Results: The mean age of patients was 44.25 ± 7.04 y; regarding gender, 29.4% were males, while 70.6% were females. Most of the patients were diagnosed with paraspinal muscle spasms and trigger points (24.82%), and osteoarthritis knee (16.19%). Medications and physical therapy (61.74%) served as the mainstay of treatment for mild to moderate pains. The relationship of pain with a causative disease was significant with gender (P ˂ .001), but insignificant with age (P = 0.921).
Conclusion: Patients presented between the ages of 18 to 62 y, and most of them were females. Paraspinal muscle spasm was the most frequent diagnosis. Mild to moderate pains were managed with medication and physical therapy, and severe cases with interventional procedures. The patient's gender was related to pain disorders.
Key words: Pain clinic; Gender; Pain diagnosis; Pain treatment
Citation: Azeem Y, Mansoor A, Naeem U, Zahir J, Zareen A. The spectrum of pain patients reporting to the pain clinic of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi (Pakistan). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):558−564.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4.2266
Received: May 13, 2023; Reviewed: June 28; Accepted: July 06, 2023
Recurrent atrial fibrillation episodes related to monosodium glutamate (MSG) - a case report
Authors: Purvez Akhtar , Valentine C. Michael , Monfredi Oliver J. , Engel Gina D. 
Published: February 2024

Cardiac disease is largely believed to be a gift of modern sedentary life style and junk foods. Yet often the clinicians fail to find the etiologic factors in many of the patients. This case report is about recurrent episodes of atrial fibrillation in a physician. Careful history revealed the relationship of having ingested Chinese food before every episode of the atrial fibrillation. Aspartame and flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate have been considered as the food ingredients that may cause such arrythmias. The patient had to be treated aggressively with drugs and even cardiac cryoablation of four pulmonary veins and radiofrequency ablation of right atrium.
Key words: Monosodium glutamate (MSG); Exocitotoxins; Cardiac arrhythmias; Atrial fibrillation
Citation: Purvez A, Valentine CM, Monfredi OJ, Engel GD. Recurrent atrial fibrillation episodes related to monosodium glutamate (MSG) - a case report. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(4):613−615.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i4.2273
Received: June 29, 2023; Reviewed: July 4, 2023; Accepted: July 4, 2023
Effect of magnesium sulphate on propofol requirement in abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia
Authors: Kaur Haramritpal , Singh Amanjot , Prasad Vimal , Singh Amandeep , Gupta Kewal Krishan , Sharma Prachi 
Published: February 2024

Background & Objective: Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has the potential to be used as a part of balanced anesthesia due to its inherent pharmacological actions. Its judicial use can enhance patient safety. We evaluated the effect of MgSO4 on the total dose of propofol used under bispectral index (BIS) targeted general anesthesia for abdominal surgeries.
Methodology: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 adult patients of either sex, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were allocated to two study groups of 30 patients each. In Group I, MgSO4 was administered as 30 mg/kg intravenously (IV) in 100 ml normal saline (NS) over 15 min followed by 10 mg/kg/h infusion intraoperatively. In Group II 100 ml NS was administered over 15 min followed by NS infusion intraoperatively. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl, and atracurium in both groups. Intraoperative propofol infusion was started to keep BIS values within 45-55. Data was compared for total dose of propofol used, Ramsay sedation score, recovery characteristics and hemodynamic parameters. Data so collected was statistically analyzed.
Results: The mean quantity of propofol required for induction was less in Group I as compared to Group II, being 1.70 ± 0.19 mg/kg and 2.39 ± 0.58 mg/kg respectively (P < 0.001). Group I achieved BIS 60 (59.20 ± 7.63 seconds) faster than Group II (78.36 ± 13.03 sec) (P < 0.001). The requirement of propofol for maintenance was less in Group I (4.48 ± 0.95 mg/kg/h) as compared to Group II (6.63 ± 1.65 mg/kg/h) (P < 0.001). During recovery, the MgSO4 group needed more time to reach BIS 70 as compared to control group with their mean values being 8.86 ± 1.48 min and 6.88 ± 1.54 min respectively. Response to verbal commands and orientation was also significantly delayed in MgSO4 group as compared to control group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate co-administration with propofol decreases the dosage of propofol to maintain a constant BIS value at 45–55. Sedation and delayed recovery are the notable drawbacks of using magnesium sulphate.
Abbreviations: NMDA - N-methyl-D-aspartate; BIS - Bi‑spectral index; HR - Heart rate; MAP - mean arterial pressure
Preregistration: Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI/2020/11/029315)
Key words: Magnesium Sulphate; Propofol; BIS Target; Balanced Anesthesia
Citation: Kaur H, Singh A, Prasad V, Singh A, Gupta KK, Sharma P. Effect of magnesium sulphate on propofol requirement in abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(5):471−477. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i5.2118
Received: January 14, 2023; Reviewed: July 17, 2023; Accepted: July 20, 2023
Evolution of pain medicine in Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Shahzad 
Published: February 2024

Although the need of adequate pain alleviation has always been felt, but the transition from immersion of body parts in ice cold water to the introduction of opium and then morphine took a long time. Over the previous few decades, the pain medicine emerged as a subspecialty of anesthesiology, but very soon it evolved itself as a whole new specialty, and with it emerged the need of clinical training. Now, most of the countries run their very own training programs, and in most of the nice hospitals pain medicine departments have been established. This editorial tales a quick look at its development around the world and particularly in Pakistan.
Key words: Disability; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Medicine
Citation: Anwar S. Evolution of pain medicine in Pakistan (editorial). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(5):616−618; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i5.2296
Received: May 25, 2023; Accepted: September 05, 2023
Lived experiences of mothers caring for children with burn-induced disabilities
Authors: Shoghi Mahnaz , Borimnejad Leili , Delfani Fatemeh 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Burn itself is a highly painful phenomenon, but even well after the burn wounds have healed, the resultant disabilities in children continue to tax the patience and the ability to care of the mothers of handicapped children. The present study was conducted to explain and interpret mothers' experiences in caring for children with burn-induced disabilities with the interpretive phenomenological method.
Methodology: The research population included the mothers of children with burn-induced disabilities selected through purposive sampling. Face-to-face unstructured interviews were conducted and recorded with an interview guide, and data saturation was achieved after interviewing six mothers. Data were analyzed based on Dickelman’s method.
Results: The analysis of the data extracted from the interviews revealed that mothers’ lived experience of caring for children with burn-induced disabilities could generally be divided into five themes: 1) psycho-emotional breakdown, 2) trying to maintain increasing distress, 3) life continuation in the meaning of care and compensation, 4) raising the child in the care bed, and 5) attention and trying to reach the goal despite the disability.
Conclusion: Mothers of children with burn-induced disabilities experience a wide range of emotions, concerns, and experiences. It's important to acknowledge and understand these feelings to ensure the well-being of both the mothers and their children.
Key words: Burns; Care; Disability; Mother; Phenomenology
Citation: Shoghi M, Delfani F, Borimnejad L. Lived experiences of mothers caring for children with burn-induced disabilities. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(5):526−534; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i5.2308
Received: July 23, 2023; Reviewed: August 16, 2023; Accepted: August 16, 2023
Analysis of Figurative Language Used in The Song Lyrics of Adele's Album “30”
Authors: I Komang Agus Tri Mahendra  , Ni Wayan Suastini  , Komang Dian Puspita Candra  
Published: February 2024

This study analyzes the figurative language used in the song lyrics of Adele’s album “30”. The song writer plays words and language to create attraction and distinctiveness towards the lyric of the song. Figurative language has the ability to be more impactful for the readers. This study is aimed to answer two problems of the study, they are: (1) To identify the types of figurative language used in the song lyrics of Adele's album "30". (2) To analyze the meaning of figurative language found in the song lyrics of Adele's album “30”. The data was analyzed based on the theory of figurative language proposed by Knickerbocker and Reninger (1974) and theory of Meaning proposed by Geoffrey Leech (1974).The result of this study showed there are 7 types of figurative language found in Adele’s album “30”. They are simile, personification, metaphor, synecdoche, hyperbole, irony and paradox. This study found 3 simile, 2 personification, 4 metaphor, 2 synecdoche, 13 hyperbole, 1 irony and 3 paradox. And otherwise in analyzing the contextual meaning this study found some types of meaning used in lyrics of song, those are connotative meaning, thematic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, and stylistic meaning. The data were presented descriptively and formally by using some tables.
Types of Figurative Language Found in Coldplay Song Lyrics
Authors: Barung Lodovikus , Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi  , Juniartha I Wayan 
Published: February 2024

This study intended to analyze figurative language found in the Coldplay song lyrics. The objectives of this research were to find out types of figurative language and their meanings in Coldplay song lyrics. There were two theories that used in this research such as the first theory proposed by Knickerbocker and Reninger (1974) entitled Interpreting Literature used to find out types of figurative language found in Coldplay song lyrics, and the second theory proposed by Leech (1981) entitled Semantics: The Study of Meaning used to find out the meaning of figurative language found in Coldplay song lyrics. The method used in collecting the data was observation method. The writer collected the data of song lyrics by browsing and downloading song lyrics from the internet, reading and understanding all the song lyrics and taking note and classifying the phrase and senteces that contain of figurative language. The writer analyzed the data descriptively by using qualitative method. After analyzing the sentences in the song lyrics, the writer found several finding of figurative language found in Coldplay song lyrics. There were five types of figurative language that found in song Coldplay song lyrics, they are: 2 of simile (16%) 2 of metaphor(16%) 1 of personification (8%) 2 of metonymy(16%), 4 of hyperbole(33%), and 1 of allusion(8%). All the figurative language has a connotation that implicitly conveys hidden message and values of life.
The Function and Role of Money: Analysis in Islamic Economic Studies as a Unit of Value and as a Medium of Exchange
Authors: Marsinah Marsinah , Marisya Fitria , Indriani R.A Rodia Fitri 
Published: February 2024

In Islamic economic studies, there are only 2 functions of money: money as a unit of value and money as a medium of exchange. There are four functions of money in the conventional economic system: money as a unit of calculation, money as a unit of exchange, but in conventional principles, money not only functions as a legal medium of exchange but also as goods that can be traded or to get profits, money as a unit of store of value, and money as a standard unit of payment in the future. This study aims to find out how the people of Bukittinggi perceive the function of money from an Islamic economic perspective. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. The research informant was the Muslim community of Bandar Lampung City. Collecting data is done through documentation, observation, and interviews. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. From the results of research conducted by researchers, it was found that most people's perceptions about the function of money are in line with Islamic economics, but a small number have perceptions that are not in line with Islamic economics because they think that money can be used as a tool to take personal advantage. This is contrary to the concept and function of money in Islam
A Strengthening and an Efficient Implementation of Alon-Tarsi List Coloring Method
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk 
Published: February 2024

As one of the first applications of the polynomial method in combinatorics, Alon and Tarsi proved that if certain coefficients of the graph polynomial are non-zero, then the graph is choosable, i.e., colorable from any assignment of lists of prescribed size. We show that in case all relevant coefficients are zero, then further coefficients of the graph polynomial provide constraints on the list assignments from which the graph cannot be colored. This often enables us to confirm colorability from a given list assignment, or to decide choosability by testing just a few list assignments. We also describe an efficient way to implement this approach, making it feasible to test choosability of graphs with around 70 edges.
Degree Factors with Red-Blue Coloring of Regular Graphs
Authors: Furuya Michitaka , Kano Mikio 
Published: February 2024

Recently, motivated to control a distribution of the vertices having specified degree in a degree factor, the authors introduced a new problem in [Graphs Combin. 39 (2023) #85], which is a degree factor problem of graphs whose vertices are colored with red or blue. In this paper, we continue its research on regular graphs. Among some results, our main theorem is the following:
Let $a$, $b$ and $k$ be integers with $1\leq a\leq k\leq b\leq k+a+1$, and let $r$ be a sufficiently large integer compared to $a$, $b$ and $k$. Let $G$ be an $r$-regular graph. We arbitrarily color every vertex of $G$ with red or blue so that no two red vertices are adjacent. Then $G$ has a factor $F$ such that $\deg_{F}(x)\in \{a,b\}$ for every red vertex $x$ and $\deg_{F}(y)\in \{k,k+1\}$ for every blue vertex $y$.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SABTO ASPEK KOGNITIF BERPIKIR SIMBOLIK MENGENAL KONSEP BILANGAN PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI PAUD ST. BALDUINUS NGEDUMEE KECAMATAN GOLEWA BARAT KABUPATEN NGADA
Authors: Goo Roswita , Ita Efrida 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rancangan atau desain media pembelajara sabto aspek kognitif berpikir simbolik mengenal konsep bilangan pada anak usia 4-5 dan mengetahui tingkat kelayakan media pembelajaran sabto aspek kognitif berpikir simbolik mengenal konsep bilangan pada anak usia 4-5 tahun di PAUD ST. Balduinus Ngedumee. Media sabto ini dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif persentase. Hasil penelitian pengembangan media sabto berdasarkan hasil uji coba ahli dan anak usia dini sebagai pengguna produk adalah sebagai berikut : (1) uji coba ahli media pada kategori valid dengan persentase 84,4%, (2) uji coba ahli materi pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 90%, (3) uji coba ahli desain pada kategori valid dengan persentase 83,3%, (4) uji coba kelompok kecil pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 90%, (5) uji kelompok perorangan pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 100%. Dari hasil diatas menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran sabto layak untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk aspek kognitif berpikir simbolik anak usia 4-5 tahun dalam mengenal konsep bilangan di PAUD ST. Balduinus Ngedumee.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FLASH CARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI PAUD TERPADU CITRA BAKTI
Authors: Woa Afrensiana Siktas , Dua Dhiu Konstantinus , Oka Gde Putu Arya 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui desain media pembelajaran flash card untuk meningkatkan kognitif anak dan menghasilkan media flash card yang praktis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak di PAUD Terpadu Citra Bakti,. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research Development), yang menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Analisis data dengan pendekatan deskrpitif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif persentase. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan flash card menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran flash card yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak ini dikategorikan layak berdasarkan semua aspek yang divalidasi dan diujikan. Validasi materi dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi mendapatkan skor 92% dengan kategori “sangat valid”, penilaian oleh media mendapatkan skor 82% dengan kategori “valid”, penilaian oleh ahli desain pembelajaran mendapatkan skor 90% dengan kategori “Sangat valid” serta uji coba pada kelompok kecil di PAUD Terpadu Citra Bakti sebagai pengguna produk dengan 96% untuk uji coba perorangan dengan kategori “sangat valid” dan uji coba perorangan skor 93% dengan kategori “sangat valid “. Dengan demikian, pengembangan media pembelajaran flash card untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif pada anak usia dini di PAUD Terpadu Citra Bakti layak untuk digunakan.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PAPAN KATA BERGAMBAR UNTUK KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Rona Maria Christina , Meka Marsianus , Juita Angelina Kurnia 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui rancangan atau desain media papan kata bergambar untuk kemampuan membaca permulaan pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di TKK Negeri Kisaraghe, (2) mengetahui kelayakan media papan kata bergambar untuk kemampuan membaca permulaan pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di TKK Negeri Kisaraghe. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini kelompok B TKK Negeri Kisaraghe sedangkan objek yang diteliti adalah aspek bahasa yang dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE. Hasil penelitian pengembangan media papan kata bergambar ini berdasarkan hasil uji coba ahli dan siswa sebagai pengguna produk adalah (1) Kelayakan media papan kata bergambar berdasarkan uji coba ahli isi ada pada kategori “sangat valid”, (2) Kelayakan media papan kata bergambar berdasarkan hasil uji coba ahli desain pembelajaran ada pada kategori “valid”, (3) Kelayakan media papan kata bergambar berdasarkan uji coba ahli media ada pada kategori “valid”, (4) Kelayakan media papan kata bergambar berdasarkan uji coba perorangan dan kelompok kecil ada pada kategori “sangat valid. Dengan demikian hasil uji ahli dan siswa sebagai pengguna produk dalam proses pembelajaran kemampuan membaca permulaan dinyatakan layak digunakan untuk anak usia 5-6 tahun di TKK Negeri Kisaraghe.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BALOK ANGKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Wunu Maria Audensia , Arya Oka Gde Putu , Meka Marsianus 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui desain media balok angka untuk melatih kemampuan kognitif dalam berhitung pada anak usia dini di Kober ST. Leonard Warikeo. Media balok angka ini, dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE. Metode dan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrument berupa Angket dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian pengembangan Balok Angka berdasarkan hasil uji coba ahli dan anak sebagai pengguna produk adalah sebagaiberikut. (1) Tingkat validitas media balok angka berdasarkan uji coba ahli materi ada pada kategori “valid” dengan rata rata 82%, (2) Tingkat validitas media balok angka berdasarkan uji coba ahli media ada pada kategori “valid” dengan rata rata 84%. (3) Tingkat validitas media balok angka berdasarkan uji coba ahli desain ada pada kategori “valid” dengan rata rataa 82%. (4) Tingkat validitas media balok angka berdasarkan hasil uji perorangan ada pada kategori “valid” dengan rata rata 80%. (5) Tingkat validitas media balok angka berdasarkan hasil uji coba kelompok kecil ada pada kategori “valid” dengan rata rata 82,5%.
DAMPAK KONTROL DIRI DAN PENGGEMAR K-POP TERHADAP PERILAKU REMAJA
Authors: Ubhe Maria Laurensia Yustiani , Ngguwa Maria Antonia Pita , Waju Maria Ermelinda , Tawa Maria Goreti , Key Katarina Karmelita , Loy Bii Hendrikus , Fono Yasinta Maria 
Published: February 2024

Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi pada era globalisasi ini sangat memudahkan bagi manusia untuk memperoleh informasi salah satunya dengan akses perkembangan dunia K-Pop. Semakin mudahnya mendapatkan informasi tersebut menyebabkan para remaja menjadi fanatik terhadap orang-orang yang mereka idolakan. Akibat dari fanatisme remaja tersebut menyebabkan beberapa dampak, baik positif maupun negatif. Penyebabnya dari serial drama, music, fashion, kosmetik, budaya, dan media sosial. Peningkatan dari perkembangan Korean wave ini sangat perlu untuk dibahas dan harus diperhatikan oleh orang tua dalam melihat perkembangan anaknya. Tujuan penelitian untuk membahas tentang dampak dari pengaruh kontrol diri dan K-Pop terhadap perilaku para remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan metode wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontrol diri remaja penggemar K-Pop dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA FLIPCHART UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BAHASA ASPEK KEAKSARAAN PADA USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Bupu Anjelina , Ita Efrida , Meo Maku Karmelia Rosfinda 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan media flipchart dan mengetahui kelayakan dari produk tersebut dalam pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa dalam menyebutkan simbol–simbol huruf yang dikenal pada anak usia 5–6 tahun di TKK satu atap SDI Lebijaga. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 10 orang. Metode analisis data menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Dengan adanya media flipchart dapat mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa pada anak usia dini, hal ini dapat dilihat dari uji kelayakan dari ahli materi dengan persentase 96% berada pada kategori Sangat valid, ahli media dengan persentase 83% berada pada kategori valid dan ahli desain pembelajaran dengan persentase 96% berada pada kategori sangat valid. Berdasarkan pada uji coba pengguna produk pada uji perorangan dengan persentase 100% berada pada kategori sangat valid dan uji coba kelompok kecil dengan persentase 100% pada kategori sangat valid. Dengan demikian hasil uji coba media flipchart yang di lakukan oleh ahli dan siswa sebagai pengguna produk dinyatakan layak untuk dipergunakan dalam proses pembelajaran di TKK.