bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the earthquake response of a model of a marble classical column
Authors: Mouzakis H. P. , Psycharis I. N. , Papastamatiou D. Y. , Carydis P. G. , Papantonopoulos C. , Zambas C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExperimental results concerning the earthquake response of a marble model of a classical column are reported herein. The model was a 1: 3 scale replica of a column of the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens, made from the same material as the original. Several earthquake motions, scaled appropriately in order to cause significant rocking but no collapse of the column, were used as the excitation. The base motion was applied in plane (in one horizontal and the vertical direction) or in space (in two horizontal and the vertical direction), using the shaking table facility at the Laboratory for Earthquake Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens. It was found that the column might undergo large deformations during the shaking, which are not necessarily reflected by the residual displacements at the end of it. For planar excitations, significant out‐of‐plane displacements can happen, triggered by the inevitable imperfections of the specimen. It was also verified that the response is very sensitive, even to small changes of the geometry or the input motion parameters. For this reason, the experiments were not repeatable and ‘identical’ experiments produced different results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the saltation system under controlled environmental conditions
Authors: Arnold Samantha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe transport of sand by the wind occurs predominantly by the process of saltation. Following the entrainment of sand by an above threshold wind, the saltation system is regulated by the mutual interaction of the atmospheric boundary‐layer, the sand cloud and the sand bed. Despite existing data on the spatial and temporal development of the sand transport system, very little is known about the development of the saltation system towards equilibrium.Results are presented from wind‐tunnel experiments that were designed to address the simultaneous spatial and temporal development of the saltation system, with and without artificial sand feed. The development of the saltation system was monitored over a streamwise length of 8 m during a period of 3600 s. Mass flux data were measured simultaneously at 1 m intervals by the downwind deployment of seven Aarhus sand traps. Wind velocity data were collected throughout the experiments.The downwind spatial development of the saltation system is manifested by an overshoot in mass flux and friction velocity prior to declining towards a quasi‐equilibrium. Mass flux overshoots at approximately 4 m downwind, in remarkable agreement with existing data of a comparable scale. Friction velocity overshoots at approximately 6 m downwind, a result not previously witnessed in saltation studies. The overshoot of mass flux prior to the overshoot in friction velocity is a spatial manifestation of the time lag between the entrainment of grains and the deceleration of the wind by the grains in transport.Temporally, the development of the saltation system is controlled by the availability of entrainable grains from the sand bed. Through time the saltation system develops from a transport‐limited to a supply‐limited system. The depletion of the sand bed through time limits the appropriateness of the assumption of ‘equilibrium’ for the universal prediction of mass flux. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locally modified surface winds on linear dunes as derived from directional raingauges
Authors: Sharon David , Margalit Adina , Berkowicz Simon M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe study deals with local airflow patterns induced by 12–16 m high, partly vegetated dunes, under various prevailing wind conditions. Detailed empirical data were derived by means of an unconventional use of directional raingauges. The utility and accuracy of the method have been previously tested in a combined empirical and numerical study over ridges on a similar scale. Results are presented on the nature, extent and intensity of locally modified patterns of surface flow and on their dependence on wind conditions and slope inclination. Results may serve to verify or refine existing perceptions or models of the flow affecting sand movement over dunes. For example, deflected surface wind flow and even stationary vortices were found to form under winds with resultant angles of incidence of only 5–10° relative to the axes of the dunes, and on slopes inclined only 12–15°, i.e. lower angles than often assumed in previous studies of dune morphology. Various effects of the resulting surface flow on the dune ecosystem are also referred to, e.g. the distribution of settling dust and seed dispersal. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Conservation Easements to Save the Upper San Pedro River
Authors: Luster Kevin J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article will discuss how Fort Huachuca, in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and the Bureau of

Land Management (BLM), has become the first Army installation to use conservation easements2 to fulfill its responsibility under the Endangered Species Act to conserve endangered and

threatened species dependent upon the Upper San Pedro River ecosystem.3 Fort Huachuca

sits at the base of the Huachuca Mountains on the western fringe of the San Pedro River Valley in Cochise

County, 60 miles southeast of Tucson and 15 miles north of Mexico. The Fort covers 73,142 acres of terrain at

elevations ranging from 3,940 feet to 8,625 feet.4 © 2002 Wiley Periodicals,

Inc.*
Planning the Montana Air National Guard Range: A Model for Successful Public Involvement
Authors: Mitnik Tammy J. , Ripley J. Douglas , Speakthunder Benjamin W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article describes the efforts of the Montana Air National Guard (ANG) in planning for the

establishment of a new air‐to‐ground training range in north‐central Montana. While the

requirements and procedures for federal agencies to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act

(NEPA) in planning their undertakings are fairly clear, many agencies encounter problems in achieving

successful public involvement during the NEPA process. The planning for the Montana ANG Training Range achieved a

high level of success in engaging public participation, including input from the Fort Belknap Indian Community. We

provide a summary of the NEPA approach used by the Montana ANG in planning for this undertaking and suggest that

their experiences may serve as useful models for other agencies preparing similar environmental analyses. ©

2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redirection for Environmental Justice
Authors: Yamada Gerald H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPresident Clinton issued an environmental justice executive order that made each federal agency responsible to

promote environmental justice as part of its mission. Generally, this executive order was not substantively

implemented. For example, implementation of the executive order by the Clinton administration's Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) was frustrated by a lack of clear direction and federal court decisions that

limited the EPA's approach of using a civil rights statute to challenge state environmental decisions.The Bush

administration's EPA reconfirmed that environmental justice is a high agency priority. However, the EPA could

be signaling a different approach. This article examines the reasons why implementation of environmental justice

stalled at the end of the Clinton administration and the forecast for a significant shift in the EPA's

approach.This article discusses how implementation of environmental justice fared at the end of the Clinton administration

and during the first year and a half of the Bush administration.1 The Clinton

administration left office with expectations unfulfilled. The Bush administration, through Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) Administrator Christine Todd Whitman, has reconfirmed that environmental justice remains a

priority. Administrator Whitman, however, appears to be moving toward a NEPA‐like approach and away from

relying on civil rights laws as the primary tool to assess the effects of state environmental decisions on minority

and low‐income communities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innovative Technology Evaluation Program, Camp Edwards, Massachusetts: Part 1—Soil Treatability Studies
Authors: Hill David L. , Gregson Benjamin P. , Weeks Katherine R. , Veenstra Scott C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLive‐fire training activity dating from around 1941 to 1997 resulted in the deposition of spent

munitions, propellants, and explosives in impact‐area soils at the Camp Edwards Training Ranges on the

Massachusetts Military Reservation. Resulting contaminants of concern, including RDX, HMX, TNT, and

2,4‐DNT, are found in particulate form and are heterogeneously dispersed in the soil. An Innovative

Technology Evaluation (ITE) Program was initiated by the Army National Guard in March 2000 to

investigate the potential for remediation of these soils.Remediation technologies chosen for the ITE program to address this problem included soil washing,

low‐temperature thermal destruction (LTTD), composting, solid‐phase bioremediation,

bioslurry, chemical oxidation, and chemical reduction. The soil washing process was shown in field trials to

reduce the volume of soil requiring further treatment by 75 percent. All technologies were effective on soils

that had been treated using soil washing. LTTD, solid‐phase bioremediation, and bioslurry were effective

on untreated soil, while composting was less effective, and chemical reduction and oxidation were not tested on

untreated soils. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*
Extraction and isolation of Pistacia lentiscus L. essential oil by supercritical CO2
Authors: Congiu Raffaele , Falconieri Danilo , Marongiu Bruno , Piras Alessandra , Porcedda Silvia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSupercritical CO2 extraction coupled to a fractional separation technique (SFE) was used to isolate essential oil from the leaves and berries of Pistacia lentiscus L. The technique adopted allowed us to separate the volatile oil from waxes. In the case of the leaf essential oil, the yield was 0.45% by weight of the charged material. The chemical composition of the oil, determined by GC–MS analysis, revealed the presence of β‐caryophyllene (31.38%), germacrene D (12.05%) and γ‐cadinene (6.48%). Remarkable differences were noticed in the corresponding hydrodistilled oil, composed chiefly by β‐pinene (18.71%), β‐phellandrene (12.83%) and β‐caryophyllene (13.22%). The yield of volatile oil obtained or treating Pistacia lentiscus berries was only 0.2%. β‐myrcene, α‐pinene and α‐phellandrene are the compounds characteristic of the oil obtained with both methods, SFE and hydrodistillation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatile constituents of Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss.) Bor from Iran
Authors: Norouzi‐Arasi Hassan , Yavari Issa , Ghaffarzadeh Fatimeh , Mortazavi Mohammad‐Sadigh 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe constituents of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss.) Bor, growing wild in Iran, was investigated by GC–MS. Forty‐two components, representing 97.6% of the oil, were identified, of which piperitone (53.3%), α‐terpinene (13.6%), elemol (7.7%), β‐eudesmol (4.4%), torreyol (3.3%), limonene (2.9%) and α‐cadinol (2.1%) were the major components. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromenes in Ageratum conyzoides L
Authors: Kasali Adeleke A. , Winterhalter Peter , Adio Adewale M. , Knapp Holger , Bonnlander Bernd 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides leaves was analysed by means of GC and GC–MS; 40 constituents—13 monoterpernoids (5.17%), 17 sesquiterpenoids (13.95%) and eight chromenes (71.05%)—were identified. Two of the chromenes, 6‐(1′‐ hydroxylethyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl chromene and 7‐hydroxyl‐2,2‐dimethylchromene, are, reported for the first time as constituents of A. conyzoides. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐order upwinding and the hydraulic jump
Authors: Ferreira V. G. , Tomé M. F. , Mangiavacchi N. , Castelo A. , Cuminato J. A. , Fortuna A. O. , McKee S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis work is concerned with the computation of incompressible axisymmetric and full three‐dimensional free‐surface flows. In particular, the circular‐hydraulic jump is simulated and compared with approximate analytic solutions. However, the principal thrust of this paper is to provide a real problem as a test bed for comparing the many existing convective approximations. Their performance is compared; SMART, HLPA and VONOS emerge as acceptable upwinding methods for this problem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of fluid flows using an unstructured finite volume method with adaptive tri‐tree grids
Authors: Hu Z. Z. , Greaves D. M. , Wu G. X. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA tri‐tree grid generation procedure is developed together with a finite volume method on the unstructured grid for solving the Navier–Stokes equations. A hierarchic numbering system for the data structure is used. The grid is adapted by adding and removing cell elements dependent on the vorticity magnitude. A special treatment is developed to ensure good quality triangular elements around the cylinder boundary. The adopted finite volume method is based on the cell‐centred scheme. The pressure–velocity coupling is treated using the SIMPLE algorithm. A modified QUICK scheme for unstructured grids is derived. The developed method is used to simulate the flow past a single and multiple cylinders at low Reynolds number. The obtained results are in good agreement with the published data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anisotropic mesh adaptation: towards user‐independent, mesh‐independent and solver‐independent CFD. Part II. Structured grids
Authors: Ait‐Ali‐Yahia Djaffar , Baruzzi Guido , Habashi Wagdi G. , Fortin Michel , Dompierre Julien , Vallet Marie‐Gabrielle 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present paper is the second article in a three‐part series on anisotropic mesh adaptation and its application to (2‐D) structured and unstructured meshes. In the first article, the theory was presented, the methodology detailed and brief examples given of the application of the method to both types of grids. The second part details the application of the mesh adaptation method to structured grids. The adaptation operations are restricted to mesh movement in order to avoid the creation of hanging nodes. Being based on a spring analogy with no restrictive orthogonality constraint, a wide grid motion is allowed. The adaptation process is first validated on analytical test cases and its high efficiency is shown on relevant transonic and supersonic benchmarks. These latter test cases are also solved on adapted unstructured grids to provide a reference for comparison studies. The third part of the series will demonstrate the capability of the methodology on 2‐D unstructured test cases. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional predictability of daily exchange rates
Authors: Tambakis Demosthenes N. , Van Royen Anne‐Sophie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAt what forecast horizon is one time series more predictable than another? This paper applies the Diebold–Kilian conditional predictability measure to assess the out‐of‐sample performance of three alternative models of daily GBP/USD and DEM/USD exchange rate returns. Predictability is defined as a non‐linear statistic of a model's relative expected losses at short and long forecast horizons, allowing flexible choice of both the estimation procedure and loss function. The long horizon is set to 2 weeks and one month ahead and forecasts evaluated according to MSE loss. Bootstrap methodology is used to estimate the data's conditional predictability using GARCH models. This is then compared to predictability under a random walk and a model using the prediction bias in uncovered interest parity (UIP). We find that both exchange rates are less predictable using GARCH than using a random walk, but they are more predictable using UIP than a random walk. Predictability using GARCH is relatively higher for the 2‐weeks‐than for the 1‐month long forecast horizon. Comparing the results using a random walk to that using UIP reveals ‘pockets’ of predictability, that is, particular short horizons for which predictability using the random walk exceeds that using UIP, or vice versa. Overall, GBP/USD returns appear more predictable than DEM/USD returns at short horizons. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of delivery options in basis convergence
Authors: Hranaiova Jana , Tomek William G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe corn futures contract, traded on the Chicago Board of Trade, provides sellers with delivery options about
the timing of delivery, the location of delivery, and the grade to be delivered. These options presumably have
values that can vary from one delivery month to the next. The joint values of the timing and location options
are estimated for each delivery month for the years 1989 through 1997. These estimates are then used in
regression models to determine the degree to which they influence basis variability on the first day of the
maturity month. Econometric models are also developed to see if the estimated implicit options values are useful
in improving the forecasts of basis convergence over the 2‐month period prior to maturity. The results
suggested that variation in the delivery options values in the corn futures contract does indeed help explain
basis variability on the first day of maturity. An option‐value variable, based on estimated values two
months prior to maturity, resulted in occasional, small improvements (from a statistical point of
view) in the precision of forecasts. The existence of delivery options increases basis variability at
maturity, but it is difficult to use this information to improve forecasts of basis convergence. One limitation
of the analysis is that the Chicago cash market had few transactions per day during the sample period, and hence
the reported spot prices may be inadequate for making high‐quality estimates of the options values.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:783–809, 2002
Risk–return relationships in foreign‐currency futures following macroeconomic announcements
Authors: Han Li‐Ming , Ozocak Onem 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study uses the tick data for foreign‐currency futures to examine risk–return relationships on
macroeconomic announcements. This study—different from previous studies—examines the risk–return
relationship by capturing the announcement effect on returns with announcement surprises and on volatilities with
announcement dummies simultaneously in a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity
(GARCH) model. Strong risk–return relationships are detected for the first min after the
announcements. Furthermore, the return–risk tradeoff ratios differ across currencies and across
macroeconomic indicators. The same information can be more profitable when acted on the more liquid currency
futures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22: 729–764, 2002
Pricing efficiency of the S&P 500 index market: Evidence from the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts
Authors: Chu Quentin C. , Hsieh Wen‐Liang Gideon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStandard & Poor's Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) are exchange traded securities representing a

portfolio of S&P 500 stocks. They allow investors to track the spot portfolio and better engage in index

arbitrage. We tested the impact of the introduction of SPDRs on the efficiency of the S&P 500 index market.

Ex‐post pricing efficiency and ex‐ante arbitrage profit between SPDRs and futures were also

examined. We found an improved efficiency in the S&P 500 index market after the start of SPDRs trading.

Specifically, the frequency and length of lower boundary violations have declined since SPDRs began trading. This

result is consistent with the hypothesis that SPDRs facilitate short arbitrage by simplifying the process of

shorting the cash index against futures. Tests of pricing efficiency comparing SPDRs and futures suggested that

index arbitrage using SPDRs as a substitute for program trading in general results in losses. Although short

arbitrages earn a small profit on average, gains are statistically insignificant. A trade‐by‐trade

investigation showed that prices are instantaneously corrected after the presence of mispricing signals,

introducing substantial risk in arbitraging. Evidence in general supported pricing efficiency between SPDRs and

the S&P 500 index futures—both ex‐post and ex‐ante. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Jrl Fut Mark 22:877–900, 2002
Trading activity in stock index futures markets: The evidence of emerging markets
Authors: Huang Yu Chuan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the trading activity of the Taiwan Futures Exchange (TAIFEX) and Singapore

Exchange Derivatives Trading Limited (SGX‐DT) Taiwan Stock Index Futures markets by analyzing the

intraday patterns of volume and volatility. In addition, the market closure theory, which may explain such

patterns, is examined. Overall, the trading pattern appears to be U‐shaped for the TAIFEX futures and

U+W‐shaped for the SGX‐DT. For the SGX‐DT futures, volatility follows the same pattern

as that of the number of price changes. For the TAIFEX futures, however, after the peak at the close of the spot

market, the volatility in the TAIFEX futures drops consistently until the end of the day while volatility in the

SGX‐DT still reaches a smaller peak at the close of the futures market. In addition, a visual inspection of

the intraday patterns of these two markets shows that the market closure theory can effectively explain the

intraday patterns of these two markets. The empirical results support the market closure theory in that liquidity

demand from traders rebalancing their portfolios before and after market closures creates larger volume and

volatility at both the open and close. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:983–1003,

2002