bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of PAS‐diastase and carcinoembryonic antigen staining in the differential diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma and papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Silcocks Paul B. , Herbert Amanda , Wright Dennis H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of malignant mesotheliomas and papillary serous carcinomas of the ovary were stained using the periodic acid Schiff reaction with diastase digestion (PAS‐D) and an immunoperoxidase technique for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The methods were evaluated in terms of repeatability and validity. Staining reactions were classed as positive or negative by three ‘blinded’ observers. Within‐observer repeatability was greater for PAS‐D than for CEA but there was no statistically significant difference for between‐observer repeatability. The validity of the methods clearly differed, however, since the sensitivity and specificity of CEA were consistently less than that of PAS‐D. Our most consistent estimates of sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of other studies and the reasons for this difference were analysed. Positive PAS‐D and CEA staining were uncorrelated but a combination of the two did not appear significantly superior to PAS‐D alone.We believe that PAS‐D remains the method of choice for differentiating peritoneal mesotheliomas and disseminated papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary in the absence of reliable evidence of an ovarian primary because the significance of CEA positivity in occasional mesothelial tumours remains to be determined.
Effects on the rabbit carotid body of stimulation by almitrine, natural high altitude, and experimental normobaric hypoxia
Authors: Smith P. , Heath D. , Fitch R. , Hurst G. , Moore D. , Weitzenblum E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRabbits were given intraperitoneal injections of almitrine in ascending doses for 5 weeks. They were compared with a control group and with a group of rabbits which had been exposed from birth to the natural hypobaric hypoxia found at Cerro de Pasco (4330 m) in the Peruvian Andes. A further group of animals was placed in an experimental normobaric chamber for either 3 or 6 months to subject them to the same degree of hypoxia as that occurring in Cerro. The carotid bodies of the rabbits in all these groups were processed for light and electron microscopy, and examined both qualitatively and quantitatively. The carotid bodies in the group given almitrine showed no changes in their size or in the population of their glomic cells when compared with controls. In contrast, the carotid bodies of Peruvian rabbits were greatly enlarged with a disproportionate increase in the population of the light variant of chief cell. Rabbits from the hypoxic chamber also had enlarged carotid bodies but those killed after 3 months showed an increase in the dark variant of chief cell, whereas after 6 months this cell was reduced in number. There was also intense cytoplasmic vacuolation. Electron microscopy confirmed these changes and revealed that dark cells had larger, more pleomorphic granules than the light variant. Vacuolation of the granules in light cells was most pronounced in Peruvian rabbits, but was uncommon in animals exposed to hypoxia for 3 months. We suggest that the dark cell responds to the early stages of hypoxia but later matures into the light variant of chief cell.
Survival tumour in breast cancer related to oestrogen receptor status and immunohistochemical staining for NCRC 11
Authors: Angus B. , Napier J. , Purvis J. , Ellls I. O. , Hawkins R. A. , Carpenter E. , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNCRC 11 is a monoclonal antibody raised against dissociated breast cancer cells. Using this antibody, it has been shown in an earlier study that staining of a high proportion of tumour cells is strongly associated with superior survival. Many investigators have found that positive tumour oestrogen receptor (OER) status is associated with better survival in breast cancer. In the present study of 136 breast cancer patients followed up for a minimum of 30 months, tumour oestrogen receptor assays were carried out, and using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, histological sections of paraffin embedded material were stained for NCRC 11; for the purpose of this study, tumours showing 25 per cent or less cells staining were regarded as ‘negative’. Patients whose tumours were OER positive had a significantly better prognosis (logrank test P <0·05). Patients whose tumours were graded as negative for NCRC 11 had a poorer prognosis compared with the positive group but this did not attain significance. Our failure to demonstrate convincingly a better prognosis for the NCRC 11 positive patients may relate to the shorter duration of our study, or to different tissue fixation techniques. In this study staining for NCRC 11 was positively correlated with oestrogen receptor status (P < 0·02).
Changes at the glomerular tip: A feature of membranous nephropathy and other disorders associated with proteinuria
Authors: Howie Alexander J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRenal biopsies and post‐mortem kidneys were examined for segmental lesions at glomerular tips, consisting of adhesion of the tuft to Bowman's capsule with an area of intra‐capillary foam cells or hyaline material or sclerosed material. Of 72 consecutive renal biopsies showing membranous nephropathy, 46 (64 per cent) had tip changes. Such changes were correlated with the presence of acute tubular damage and with later stages of the nephropathy, but otherwise seemed unrelated to any particular clinical or pathological feature. Fourteen other patients were identified whose renal biopsies showed tip changes in glomeruli that had segmental or global mesangial hypercellularity not of a well‐recognized type such as IgA nephropathy. These patients had persistent proteinuria unresponsive to steroids. Tip changes were also seen in several miscellaneous conditions including IgA nephropathy and diabetic glomerulosclerosis. These findings demonstrate that (a) tip changes are seen in many disorders of the kidney associated with proteinuria and represent a previously unrecognized common response of the glomerulus to some insult, (b) the glomerular tip lesion, as originally defined, is distinguished by the apparent normality of tufts except for the tip changes and can be regarded as presumed minimal change nephropathy plus tip changes and (c) when tip changes are seen, the most important factor determining the prognosis is the condition of the rest of the glomerular tuft.
Contrasting in vitro effects of retinol and mononuclear cell factor on young and old human cartilage
Authors: Huber‐Bruning O. , Wilbrink B. , Vernooij J. E. , Bijlsma J. W. J. , Den Otter W , Huber J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStudies with young animal cartilage have shown that retinol and mononuclear cell‐factor (MCF) cause in vitro breakdown of the cartilage, mediated by the living chondrocyte (indirect degradation). We studied the effects of retinol and MCF on healthy human articular cartilage of different ages, measuring the effects on proteoglycan (PG) content of the cartilage, and on PG synthesis during 8 days of culture. This study shows: (1) Retinol and MCF induce indirect degradation of young, but not of old human cartilage of the humeral head; (2) Both retinol and MCF suppress PG synthesis of young and stimulate PG synthesis of old cartilage; (3) The effects of retinol and MCF on cartilage PG content and on PG synthesis are related to the metabolic state of the chondrocyte; (4) Therefore mononuclear cell‐factor may have a destructive or beneficial effect on cartilage depending on whether proteoglycan synthesizing activity is high or low, respectively.
Immunohistological study in chordomas
Authors: Coindre Jean‐Michel , Rivel Janine , Trojani Monique , De Mascarel Isabelle , De Mascarel Antoine 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn immunohistological study of 15 chordomas, six chondrosarcomas, four liposarcomas and seven carcinomas on paraffin embedded samples using anti‐cytokeratin, anti‐epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), anti‐S100 protein, anti‐vimentin and anti‐neurofilaments showed that chordomas has a characteristic immuno‐staining, i.e. positive for cytokeratin, EMA, S100 protein and vimentin; and negative for neurofilaments. This immuno‐staining allows a clear distinction of chordomas from other tumours.
An autoradiographic technique for en‐face preparations of aortic endothelium
Authors: Zimmerman Matthew J. , McGeachie John K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method for the en‐face preparation of aortic endothelium was developed from various different published accounts of the technique. This was adapted for autoradiography. Eighteen mice had tritiated thymidine (1μCi/g body weight) injected and were killed 1 day later. Perfusion fixed aortae were cut into segments and placed face down on gelatin‐coated slides. The arterial media and adventitia were removed and the en‐face preparations coated with autoradiographic stripping film. After an exposure of 12 weeks the autoradiographs were developed and stained with Harris' haematoxylin. Labelled endothelial cells were clearly distinguishable and there was no distortion of the cells compared with other en‐face and whole mount preparations. The technique described is simple, reliable and produces consistent results.
The demonstration of B‐cell, T‐cell and myeloid antigens in paraffin sections
Authors: West K. P. , Warford A. , Fray L. , Allen M. , Campbell A. C. , Lauder I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe monoclonal antibodies MB1 and MT1, which detect B cells and T cells respectively, have been applied to human lymphoid tissues. The distribution of staining within paraffin sections was compared with that observed using frozen sections and was found to be identical. The antibodies were then applied to paraffin sections of 19 B‐cell lymphomas and 10 T‐cell lesions in which full immunophenotyping had been performed. The B lymphomas all consisted of a large majority of MB1 positive cells with a variable infiltrate of small MT1 positive lymphocytes. The T cell lesions consisted of MT1 positive cells with few MB1 positive cells except in residual B cell areas of lymph nodes. In paraffin sections from cases of Hodgkin's disease anti‐Leu M1 identified Reed‐Sternberg cells and their variants and MB1 and MT1 showed a similar distribution of B cells and T cells to that demonstrated in previous studies using frozen sections. The results show that MB1 and MT1 are useful markers for B and T cells in routinely fixed paraffin embedded tissue. In conjunction with anti‐Leu M1 they provide a valuable panel of antisera for the examination of lymph nodes and other biopsies when frozen tissue is not available.
Lysis of the glomerular basement membrane in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch‐Shönlein nephritis
Authors: Yoshikawa N. , Yoshiara S. , Yoshiya K. , Matsuo T. , Okada S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn electron‐microscopic study of the glomerular basement membrane was made on 242 renal biopsies from 222 children with a variety of renal diseases. Lysis of the basement membrane was observed in 16 of the 25 children with Henoch‐Schönlein nephritis, 36 of the 72 with IgA nephropathy and one with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Lysis was frequently associated with subepithelial dense deposits and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and these are thought to play a role in the lytic process. There was a significant correlation between the presence of lysis of the basement membrane, the degree of proteinuria and the severity of glomerular changes by light microscopy. These findings suggest that the degree of lysis is an indication of the severity of the disease and lysis is associated with progressive disease and a worse prognosis in Henoch‐Schönlein nephritis and IgA nephropathy.
Organ culture of human gastric mucosa and gastric cancers. 1. Morphological aspects
Authors: Wilson Nigel W. , Macartney James C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn organ culture system for explants of human gastric mucosa and gastric cancer from surgical resection specimens is described. Pyloric mucosa has been successfully maintained in vitro for up to 120 h, and gastric carcinoma for up to 48 h. Morphological preservation by light and electron microscopy was good, although some simplification of the glandular pattern occurred in normal mucosa with longer periods of in vitro culture. [3H]‐thymidine and [3H]‐leucine uptake was assessed by autoradiography, and patterns of uptake resembled those described in vivo in normal gastric mucosa and gastric intestinal metaplasia. Labelling indices with [3H]‐thymidine were however low compared with in vivo estimates. Successful organ culture of human gastric tissue offers a useful method for investigating factors affecting growth control in normal and neoplastic gastric epithelium.
Breast carcinoma with stromal multinucleated giant cells—a light microscopic, histochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: McMahon Raymond F. T. , Ahmed Ali , Connolly Charles Eugene 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA rare form of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast containing numerous benign stromal multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) is described. Giant cell tumours of the breast are usually the result of stromal metaplasia or fusion of malignant cells or occur as extraskeletal giant cell tumours. Benign multinucleated cells in breast carcinoma, however, are a very unusual phenomenon and have been said to arise from the fusion of mononuclear cells, in response to increased vascularity. The present investigation by light and electron microscopy, in part, supports an origin for the multinucleated giant cells from mononuclear cells, but immunohistochemistry surprisingly failed to confirm this observation. Also, the formation of the multinucleated giant cells did not show any direct relationship with tumour vascularity.
Impaired adaptation of pulmonary circulation to extrauterine life in newborn pigs exposed to hypoxia: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Allen Kim M. , Haworth Sheila G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwelve Large White pigs aged <1 min, and 3, 5.5, and 14 days were exposed to hypoxia (380 torr) for 2.5 – 3 days. The wall structure of terminal bronchiolar (resistance arteries) and elastic arteries was assessed by light and electron microscopy using quantitative morphometric techniques. In animals exposed from birth, mean terminal bronchiolar arterial medial thickness was increased (p>0.05) because endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) retained their fetal shape, position, overlap, interdigitation and the low surface/volume ratio characteristic of fetal life. In all older animals, the cells had a normal postnatal shape and surface/volume ratio. In the elastic vessels hypoxia did not prevent the normal postnatal reduction in mean SMC diameter of animals exposed from birth. SMC hypertrophy did not occur in any age group, but all animals save those first exposed at 14 days, showed an increase in SMC myofilament volume density (p < 0.01). Connective tissue volume density also increased (p < 0.01), mainly due to an increase in elastin and ground substance. Thus a short period of neonatal hypoxia impaired adaptation and appeared to potentiate contractile capacity in stiff‐walled arteries but elicited a less marked response from animals first exposed at 14 days.
The cellular composition of human lymph nodes after allogeniec bone marrow transplantation: An immunohistological study
Authors: Dilly Susan A. , Sloane John P. , Psalti Ionna S. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing immunohistological techniques, the cellular composition of lymph nodes was assessed in 18 patients who had died 15 to 326 days after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia. The lymph nodes showed reduced cellularity of the cortex and paracortex, dilated sinuses and no lymphoid follicles. The majority of leucocytes were T lymphocytes with an inversion of the normal T4:T8 ratio. No cells were detected expressing immature cortical thymocyte antigens, using NA1/34 and OKT10, but an excess of T11 (E rosette receptor)+ cells over the sum of T4+, T8+ and HNK1+ cells raised the possibility of the presence of immature cells. B lymphocytes were extremely rare and present as clusters in only two patients. Despite this, plasma cells were prominent in many cases and their number increased with time post transplant. The predominant immunoglobulin heavy chain class was IgA in seven cases, IgG in three cases, IgM in two cases and IgE in one case with no relationship between dominant class and days post transplant. In patients with graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), there was a significantly lower T4:T8 ratio but no increase in expression of lymphocyte activation markers. Pyknotic leucocytes were present in half of the cases with GvHD and none of the other cases. No differences were detected in patients who had received marrow purged with monoclonal antibodies (Campath‐I or UCHT1). Chimeric studies on three recipients of one haplotype matched marrow, using a monoclonal antibody specific for HLA‐A2 and A28 antigens, showed a significant influx of donor cells by 56 days but this did not appear to be an immediate prelude to full morphological reconstitution.
Immunocytochemical application of monoclonal antibodies to rat liver glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Teasdale Jane , Lewis Fraser A. , Barrett Ivor D. , Abbott Alison C. , Wharton John , Bird Colin C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeven per cent (10/145) of hybridomas raised against partially purified activated glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver produced monoclonal antibody to receptor. Six IgM secreting clones selected for further investigation bound equally well to activated and non‐activated receptor from fresh rat liver, but significantly less well (11–25 per cent) to receptor from frozen rat liver. No interaction was found with oestrogen receptor from rat uterus but extensive cross reaction occurred with progesterone receptor. Although none of the antibodies bound to glucocorticoid receptor from human or porcine liver or lymphoid cells, several cross‐reacted with mouse liver glucocorticoid receptor. Immunoelectroblotting of proteins from fresh and frozen rat liver cytosol showed the antibodies bound to 90 000 and 40 000 MW forms of receptor respectively. Immunostaining of both frozen and paraffin embedded sections of rat tissue showed that receptor is preserved during fixation and processing of tissues. Using both indirect immunoperoxidase and immunogold silver staining methods, the pattern of receptor staining observed correlates with the known glucocorticoid responsiveness of the tissues studied.
Osteoclasts contain macrophage and megakaryocyte antigens
Authors: Athanasou N. A. , Heryet A. , Quinn J. , Gatter K. C. , Mason D. Y. , McGe J. O'D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe origin and mechanism of formation of the osteoclast remains controversial. Although it is known to be derived from a circulating mononuclear precursor, the identity of this cell is unknown. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against macrophage and other marrow‐derived cells, we determined the immunocytochemical staining of human osteoclasts in both fetal bone metaphyseal imprints and frozen sections. Osteoclasts and marrow mononuclear cells were stained by three broad spectrum antimacrophage antibodies, EBM‐11, Y182a and BM2. T310, an antibody which stains macrophages and T helper cells, and C17, an antimegakaryocyte antibody, also stained osteoclasts. EBM‐11, Y182a and BM2 also stained megakaryocytes in bone imprints as well as normal bone marrow smears. The presence of macrophage‐associated antigens in osteoclasts, megakaryocytes and bone marrow mononuclear cells indicates that they are phenotypically similar to macrophages.
The pathogenesis of acute systemic candidiasis in a susceptible inbred mouse strain
Authors: Papadimitriou J. M. , Ashman R. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histopathological features of the acute infection by Candida albicans in susceptible CBA/H mice, as well as its dissemination in various organs has been examined. The brain, in which the localization of blastospores is minimal, is the organ most severely affected. A significant deposition of blastospores occurs in lungs, liver, spleen and kidney, but of these organs, only in the kidneys is infection established. A transient myocarditis follows the minor blastospore deposition that occurs in the heart. Infection in the affected organs is characterized by abscess formation while in the brain the process is complicated by the development of hydrocephalus and a pachymeningitis that erodes the petrous temporal and involves the vestibular apparatus. There is also infection of the retinae with an accompanying endophthalmitis.
Basement membrane charge in human glomerular disease
Authors: Furness Peter N. , Turner David R. , Cotton Roger E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFixed anionic charges in the mammalian glomerulus, on both the basement membrane and the eptihelial cell foot processes, are believed to form an important part of the glomerular filtration barrier. There is good evidence that their loss causes proteinuria. The charges can be visualized ultrastructurally using cationic dyes, but the requirement of these techniques for perfusion or immersion of fresh tissue has largely confined such studies to experimental models.We have extended the widely used polyethyleneimine technique, to study the charge of glomerular basement membranes in human tissue reprocessed out of paraffin blocks up to 10 years old. We studied selected cases of glomerular disease, where the diagnosis was not in any doubt. In the majority of diseases studied, a continuous charge layer persisted despite severe abnormalities of the basement membrane. Two exceptions were found. In amyloidosis, accumulation of fibrils was associated with a considerable decrease or loss of stainable basement membrane charge. In S.L.E., numerous small defects in the charge layer were noted.The persistence of charge is contrary to reported findings in several animal models of glomerular disease, including puromycin nephrosis, Heymann nephritis and streptozotocin diabetes. Although this method is not subject to precise quantitative analysis, we conclude that in the majority of cases, proteinuria in man is not caused by an extensive loss of glomerular basement membrane anionic charge.
Presence of apocrine epithelial antigen (AEA) in type II pneumocytes and in hyaline membranes of neonatal RDS
Authors: Forsman Lisbeth M. , Hallman Mikko , Autero Matti , Rapola Juhani , Anderson Leif C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have investigated the distribution of an apocrine membrane antigen (AEA) in pulmonary tissue using a rabbit antiserum raised against fat globule glycoproteins isolated from human milk. In indirect immunostaining (PAP, IF) of sections from normal lung tissue, the membranes facing the alveolar lumen of cells corresponding to the type II pneumocytes in the alveolar walls were decorated. The selective distribution of AEA to the membranes of type II pneumocytes was confirmed in double immunostaining by identification of these cells with rat antibodies against surfactant apoprotein.In fetal lung tissue, the AEA antigen was detected by the 9th week of gestation. In lung samples from newborns which had died of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) the intra‐alveolar hyaline membranes stained for the AEA antigen.SDS‐PAGE of the immunoprecipitate obtained with anti‐AEA serum from radiolabelled glycoprotein fraction of normal lung tissue revealed a single band of 79000 dalton apparent molecular weight.These findings indicate that the AEA constitutes a membrane marker of the type II pneumocytes and might be involved in the secretory process of surfactant. Immunohistological evidence for the presence of AEA in the hyaline membranes of neonatal RDS is also presented.