bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐existence between oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among HIV‐infected subjects in Thailand
Authors: Nittayananta Wipawee , Chanowanna Nilnara , Winn Than , Silpapojakul Khachornsakdi , Rodklai Amorn , Jaruratanasirikul Sutep , Liewchanpatana Kriengsak 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to determine whether any relationship exists between the occurrence of oral lesions and opportunistic systemic diseases among HIV‐infected subjects.Methods: A cross‐sectional analytical study was performed in two hundred and seventy‐eight HIV‐infected heterosexual persons and intravenous drug users (IVDUs)(230 males and 48 females, aged 16–65 years, mean 31.9 years). Eighty‐six HIV‐free subjects from the same population were included as controls (61 males and 25 females, aged 17–63 years, mean age 33.1 years). The following information was recorded for each patient: age, gender, risk group and stage of HIV infection, immune status, medication, systemic disease and presence of oral lesions.Results: Oral candidiasis was the most common oral lesion among HIV‐infected individuals (40%), followed by hairy leukoplakia (HL)(26%). The three most common systemic diseases among the subjects were tuberculosis (TB)(53%), cryptococcosis (14%) andPneumocystis cariniipnuemonia (PCP)(11%). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the occurrence of TB and the presence of oral candidiasis (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.6–4.8;P< 0.001), and the occurrence of PCP and the presence of HL (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.3;P< 0.001). Positive predictive values of any oral lesions and oral candidiasis in predicting TB were 87% (95% CI 73.0–94.6) and 67% (95% CI 51.9–80.0), respectively.Conclusions: We concluded that oral candidiasis might be used as a clinical marker for TB, and HL for PCP. Recognition of the lesions by health‐care providers may indicate the need for more intensive clinical and laboratory monitoring and possibly initiation of prophylaxis against these opportunistic systemic infections.
A case of sebaceous carcinoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Siriwardena B. S. M. S. , Tilakaratne W. M. , Rajapakshe R. M. S. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSebaceous carcinoma of salivary gland origin is an extremely rare malignancy. It occurs mainly in the parotid gland. This is a case report of a sebaceous carcinoma in a 57‐year‐old woman who had a lump over the right parotid region for 8–9 months. The tumour was composed of small basaloid cells and large foamy cells. Sebaceous differentiation was evident in some tumour islands. This is the first case reported in the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya.
Experimental induction of anterior disk displacement of the rabbit craniomandibular joint: an immuno‐electron microscopic study of collagen and proteoglycan occurrence in the condylar cartilage
Authors: Sharawy Mohamed , Ali Ayman M. , Choi Won‐Seok 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Results from our previous studies suggest that surgical induction of anterior disk displacement (ADD) in the rabbit craniomandibular joint (CMJ) leads to histopathological alterations consistent with osteoarthritis. In addition, molecular changes in collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were observed using immunohistochemistry. The purpose of the present study was to further characterize those molecular changes in collagens and GAGs using immuno‐electron microscopy.Methods:  The right joint of 15 rabbits was exposed surgically and all discal attachments were cut except for the posterior attachment (the bilaminar zone). The disc was then repositioned anteriorly and sutured to the zygomatic arch. The left joint was used as a sham‐operated control. Ten additional joints were used as non‐operated controls. Mandibular condyles were removed 2 weeks following surgery and processed for light and immuno‐electron microscopy using colloidal gold‐labeled antibodies against collagen type I, II, VI and IX and against keratan sulfate, chondroitin‐4 and ‐6‐sulfate, and link protein.Results:  Light microscopic results showed osteoarthritic changes. Immuno‐electron microscopy of osteoarthritic cartilage demonstrated a decline in type II collagen, the abnormal presence of type I collagen and loss of type VI and IX collagens. Quantitative colloidal gold immuno‐electron microscopy confirmed the depletion of keratan sulfate, chondroitin‐4 and ‐6‐sulfate, and link protein in osteoarthritic cartilage.Conclusion : Anterior disk displacement leads to molecular alterations in both the collagen and the proteoglycans of rabbit condylar cartilage characteristic of osteoarthritis in other synovial joints. These alterations are consistent with loss of the shock absorber function of the cartilage and injury of the underlying bone.
Non‐functioning adrenal cortical carcinoma presenting with metastasis to the tongue
Authors: Dominici Alberto , Rizzo Michelangelo , Travaglini Fabrizio , Nesi Gabriella , Franchi Alessandro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of non‐functioning adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) presenting with metastatic disease to the tongue, which is an extremely uncommon onset for this neoplasm. Histologically, the lesion had the appearance of an anaplastic neoplasm, and a panel of immunohistochemical markers including vimentin, MART‐1, S100 protein, HMB‐45, smooth muscle actin, common muscle actin, desmin, CD31, CD34, CD68, EMA and cytokeratins, was helpful in excluding melanoma, as well as other mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms.
p53, cyclin‐D1, PCNA, AgNOR expression in squamous cell cancer of the lip: a multicenter study
Authors: Fabbrocini G. , Russo N. , Pagliuca M. C. , Delfino M. , Staibano S. , Molea G. , Mancini A. , Virgili A. , Valente M. G. , Bratina G. , Galbiati S. , Marzaduri A. , Orlandi K. , Bottoni U. , Calvieri S. , Landro A. , Cainelli T. , Delfino S. , Rosa G. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The development of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is an interesting model of photocarcinogenesis because of the structural and topographic characteristics of the lips. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of immunohistochemical markers on the lips of patients with lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC), compared with a control population.Methods: Of the 98 subjects involved in the study, 58 were suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. The remaining 40 acted as a control. The case studies were taken from six university and hospital dermatology and plastic surgery departments. Questionnaires were administered to assess the risk factors for LLSCC. The cases involving squamous cell carcinoma underwent surgical excision and punch biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 control patients. Tissues were prepared in 5‐μm‐thick sections to carry out the following immunohistochemical study: PCNA, p53, AgNOR, cyclin‐D1, bcl‐2.Results: The lower lip was the predominant location of squamous cell carcinoma, with the following factors playing important roles: chronic sun exposure, history of smoking, alcohol use and familial risk of cutaneous tumors. The male/female ratio in our survey was 5:1. The p53 protein was positive in approximately 50% of SCC cases and in 20% of controls. This protein is mostly associated with chronically photoexposed skin areas. AgNOR positivity increased with the loss of cellular differentiation; a progressive increase in size and a poorly defined shape were evident in poorly differentiated carcinomas.Conclusions: The results of this multicenter study showed that there is a noticeable difference in the expression of PCNA, p53, cyclin‐D1, and AgNOR in tissues from patients with LLSCC and controls.
Quantitative assessment of narrow‐band UVB induced tanning during phototherapy in Korea
Authors: Choe Y. B. , Rim J. H. , Youn J. I. 
Published: March 2003

Background/Purpose: Narrow‐band (TL‐01) UVB lamps are being increasingly used for phototherapy of psoriasis and other dermatoses, for their excellent effect compared with broad‐band UVB sources. Many patients receiving phototherapy have complained about the tanning effect of ultraviolet radiation especially in dark‐skinned ones. So we wished to know the degree of pigmentation induced by phototherapy during narrow‐band UVB treatment.Methods: A total of 20 psoriasis patients receiving narrow‐band UVB phototherapy were included in this study. A Minolta spectrophotometer CM‐2002 was used to measure pigmentation. All patients were evaluated for skin color every seventh day for 7 weeks. The L* value (luminance) gives information about the relative lightness ranging from total black to pure white. The a* value represents the balance between red and green, and the b* value between yellow and blue.Results: The L* values which indicate luminance decreased continuously until the 5th week, when maximum tanning was obtained. Afterwards minimal change was observed until the 7th week. The change of a* and b* values also showed the pattern that was compatible with the above results. The mean individual typology angle of our subjects was 41.9°, which indicated they fell into ‘light’ group of constitutional skin color category.Conclusion: From this study, we found that pigmentation induced by narrow‐band UVB phototherapy increased continuously until the 5th week and then did not progress. Our results provide standard data of skin pigmentation during narrow‐band UVB phototherapy in Korean brown skin.
Time course of ultraviolet‐induced skin reactions evaluated by two different reflectance spectrophotometers: DermaSpectrophotometer® and Minolta spectrophotometer CM‐2002®
Authors: Park Seok‐Beom , Huh Chang‐Hun , Choe Yong‐Beom , Youn Jai‐Il 
Published: March 2003

Backgrounds: Many attempts have been made to quantify ultraviolet (UV)‐induced erythema and pigmentation, but most studies have been focused on the initial changes of reaction for a few hours or days and neglected the later events.
Methods: A time course of skin colour changes induced by fluorescent sunlamp with a broad band of UVA and UVB radiation was evaluated in 15 Korean male volunteers using two different reflectance spectrophotometers for 28 days. The results were presented by E (erythema)‐ and M (melanin)‐index as well as values converted to the L*a*b* system recommended by the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage).Results: The mean individual typology angle of the subjects was 46.6°, which indicated ‘light’ group in constitutional skin colour category. A day after UV exposure, the L* and b* values decreased significantly, following the colour direction of persistent pigment darkening. The values went in the opposite direction persistently until after the 1st week, when maximum tanning was obtained. They then shifted toward their original positions, parallel to the constitutive melanization axis. The a* index showed a significant increase toward the mean colour of haemoglobin on day 1. It returned to its original value along the constitutive melanization axis. The E‐index showed a maximum value at day 1, then returned to baseline. The value of M‐index reached a peak at day 7. There was no significant difference between the two instruments, but each has its own characteristic features.Conclusion: These promising quantitative methods should enable us to achieve objective measurement of the dermatophysiologic changes and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic modalities on skin disorders without the inherent errors associated with subjective judgement. Our results provide standard data on a time course of UV‐induced skin erythema and pigmentation.
Use of human reconstituted epidermis Episkin® for assessment of weak phototoxic potential of chemical compounds
Authors: Portes P. , Pygmalion M. J. , Popovic E. , Cottin M. , Mariani M. 
Published: March 2003

Background/purpose: Drug‐induced phototoxicity is a non‐immunological inflammatory skin reaction, caused by concurrent topical or systemic exposure to a specific molecule and ultraviolet radiation. Most of phototoxic compounds absorb energy particularly from UVA light leading to activated derivatives, which can induce cellular damage. This type of adverse cutaneous response can be reproduced, in vitro, using human skin models. In this study, we investigated the ability of human reconstituted epidermis Episkin® to assess skin phototoxicity of weak phototoxic compounds such as 6‐methylcoumarin and ofloxacin, compared to a strong one, chlorpromazine, and two negative controls (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sulisobenzone).Methods: After 1 h incubation with five test concentrations of each chemical compound, epidermis was then exposed or not to UVA at a non‐cytotoxic dose (50 J/cm2). 18 h after UVA exposure, cellular damage was evaluated measuring cytotoxicity by MTT conversion test; in addition, pro‐inflammatory mediator IL‐1α release was also investigated.Results: Topical pretreatment of Episkin®, with weak phototoxic compounds induced, after UVA exposure, a dose‐dependent decrease in cell viability, in concordance with an increasing IL‐1α release. Moreover, compared to chlorpromazine, the lower IL‐1α release observed with 6‐methylcoumarin and ofloxacin could be linked to their weak phototoxic potential.Conclusion: Human reconstituted epidermis Episkin® can be useful to study in vitro the onset of cutaneous phototoxic reactions and particularly to identify weak phototoxic compounds.
014 In‐vivo determination of UVA sunscreen efficacy using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Moyal D. , Chardon A. 
Published: March 2003

A variety of in vitro and in vivo methods have been proposed to evaluate the UVA efficacy of sunscreens. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a recent approach that allows measuring sunscreen protectiveness in the UVA portion of the spectrum. FDA representatives have shown a marked interest for the development of this alternative method. The absorption spectrum of the product is obtained by measuring the change in skin reflection due to the product. From this absorption spectrum the UVA efficacy of a sunscreen product can then be calculated for an appropriate UV source and a given skin response action spectrum. One major advantage of this test method is that the UVA protection is determined directly on human skin, thus accounting for sunscreen/skin surface and emulsion interactions encountered in vivo, but not in vitro.Both DRS and in vivo persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method were used to compare the UVA efficacy of various UVA sunscreens (such as oxybenzone, avobenzone, ecamsule and zinc oxide at different concentrations) and of marketed products. A significant correlation was found between DRS and PPD results only for photostable products. To get a correlation with PPD results with photo‐unstable products, a pre‐exposure of the products applied on skin was found necessary before performing the DRS measurements.The DRS method allows evaluating both the UVA absorption spectrum of the products and their broadness of absorption and can thus be considered as a powerful tool for the in‐vivo evaluation of sunscreen UVA protective efficacy.
019 The COLIPA Standard for solar simulators failed to standardize sunscreen SPFS
Authors: Sayre R.M. 
Published: March 2003

The COLIPA Standard for solar simulators was developed to insure that SPF tested in different laboratories was not different because of the solar simulator used. Indeed for products with lower SPFs 2‐10, the solar simulator standard reasonably assures similar SPFs when tested in different laboratories. For products with SPFs greater than 15, the SPF for the same product could be tested at 15 in one laboratory but as an SPF 100 in another.Differences in SPF due to solar simulator filtration will occur only for sunscreen products that exhibit absorption like cut‐off filters. Products which generally absorb all UV wavelengths equally will not exhibit differences in SPF due to solar simulator filtration.In addition because of different amounts of UVA allowed within the COLIPA standard, the actual response for a given exposure may in one laboratory produce persistent pigment darkening and in another a simple sunburn. Ways to correct this flaw will be examined.
008 The time‐course of TL‐01 UVB erythema
Authors: Man I. , Dawe R.S. , Ferguson J. , Ibbotson S.H. 
Published: March 2003

We examined the characteristics of TL‐01 UVB erythema and determined the optimal starting dose prior to TL‐01 phototherapy, Twenty‐eight subjects were recruited. Eight test sites on each subject's back were irradiated with a TL‐01 dose series (50‐550 mJ/cm2). Erythema was recorded visually and with a reflectance device at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h in 19 subjects and at 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 h in nine subjects. Dose‐response curves were constructed and the D0.025 (equivalent to the visual minimal erythema dose [MED]) and the maximum slope determined.Erythema was evident at 4 h in the 19 subjects tested. The lowest median MED occurred at 12 h (170 mJ/cm2) and this was significantly lower that at 24 h (median 200 mJ/cm2; P = 0.019). the majority of subjects were at maximal erythema at 12 h (22/28) and 15 h (8/9). MED reading at 24 h (MED24 h) would miss peak erythema in 15/28 subjects. If, as is commonly practiced, 70% of the MED24 h was given, 10/28 subjects would have received a first treatment dose that would be equal to or exceed the lowest MED. If 50% of the MED24 h was given, only 2/28 would develop erythema (P = 0.0078, 95% Cl [10‐46.5%]). From the dose‐response data, D0.025 at 12 h was significantly lower than at 24 h (P = 0.0019). The slope of the erythemal dose‐response curve remained constant from 8 to 48 h. Maximal TL‐01 UVB erythema occurs at 12 h. Our data suggest that the optimal first TL‐01 treatment dose is 50% of the MED24 h.
Melatonin protects SHSY5Y neuronal cells but not cultured astrocytes from ischemia due to oxygen and glucose deprivation
Authors: Pei Zhong , Cheung Raymond Tak Fai 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: As a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, melatonin protects brain tissue against ischemia–reperfusion injury, partly via suppression of ischemia‐induced production of nitric oxide, when given before ischemia–reperfusion or within 2 hr of onset of ischemia. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of melatonin in an in vitro model of ischemia. Primary cultured astrocytes were subjected to 4 or 8 hr of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), and cultured SHSY5Y human neuronal cells were exposed to 1 hr of OGD. Melatonin was added to the medium at the commencement of OGD to achieve different final concentrations, and cell death was quantified using the measurement of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) at 24 hr after reversion of OGD. Treatment with melatonin did not affect the astrocytic cell death following 4 or 8 hr of OGD. The relative MTT values of the neuronal cells were (as mean ± S.E.M.) 59.1 ± 2.4% in the vehicle‐treated OGD group and 80.1 ± 2.7%, 82.5 ± 2.9%, 74.1 ± 2.3%, 64.2 ± 2.3%, 62.7 ± 2.8%, and 61.0 ± 3.9% in the OGD groups treated with melatonin at 10−3, 10−4, 10−5, 10−6, 10−7, and 10−8 m, respectively. Reduction in cell death was significant following treatment with melatonin at 10−3, 10−4, or 10−5 m. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction showed that human mt1 and MT2 membrane receptors were not expressed in the cultured neuronal cells. Our results show that melatonin co‐treatment protects cultured neuronal cells but not astrocytes against OGD‐induced cell death in a dose‐dependent manner and that the neuroprotection is independent of its known membrane receptors.
Muscle performance, sex hormones and training in peri‐menopausal and post‐menopausal women
Authors: Sipilä S. , Poutamo J. 
Published: March 2003

Age‐related deterioration in muscle performance is one of the major reasons for decreased functional capacity and disability in older people. In women, impaired muscle performance has already been observed during peri‐menopause in concert with rapid and dramatic decrease in ovarian hormone production. This observation suggests that female sex steroids may have an important role among other agents in regulating muscle performance in middle‐aged and older women. Previous experimental studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and intensive physical training have positive effects on muscle force and explosive power in healthy post‐menopausal women.  Hormone replacement therapy in combination with physical training may exert even greater gains in muscle performance than HRT and training alone. Despite the significant mean increase in muscle force and power by HRT and/or training, a considerable variability in the individual responses is observed. The mechanism, by which female sex steroids act on muscle performance, is still unclear. Therefore, more research is needed in order to explore all the pathways, by which these steroids could act on skeletal muscle in peri‐menopausal and post‐menopausal women.
Potential of a high‐frequency correlation method to study skin blood flow
Authors: Gens Fabrice , Remenieras Jean‐Pierre , Patat Frédéric , Diridollou Stéphane , Berson Marceau 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: The vast number of existing dedicated techniques proves that skin blood flow estimation is an unsolved problem. Specificities of cutaneous vascularization (very low blood velocity, noisy environment, complexity of the vascularization architecture) result in the unsuitability of conventional ultrasonic Doppler techniques (long acquisition time, low spatial resolution). The object here was to present a high‐frequency time‐domain correlation method. In particular, the difficulties of adaptating this type of measurement (data processing, hardware problem) are pointed out.Methods: Radio‐frequency (RF) backscattered signals, obtained with a modified version of a home‐made 20 MHz skin imaging system, are studied. Time shifts between successive windowed sections of the RF signals are determined by the mean of the cross‐correlation algorithm. A realignment procedure (to remove the artefacts caused by the movements of the patient and the manipulator) and a stationary echo cancelling procedure (to remove the signals coming from the cutaneous tissues and to permit the detection of very small vessels) are used.Results: In vitro results show that velocity measurements as low as 0.1 mm/s are attainable with a 80 μm axial resolution, and blood vessels of 100 μm are detectable. Our technique has also been validated by means of in vivo experiment on an erysipelas located on a human leg. In this way, a 180‐μm‐diameter blood vessel has been detected on a M‐mode RF image and the corresponding velocity profile has been obtained.Conclusion: Further improvements can be expected, and the level of performance obtained in vitro in this work should be also attainable in vivo and should then provide an effective tool for skin physiology and pathology.