bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven Building Blocks of Development:Understanding Core Emotional, Behavioral, and Social Competencies
Authors: Hirschland Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A teacher stops her program’s early childhood consultant in the hallway, eager to talk about a distractible four-year-old who has her concerned. A mother calls her kindergarten son’s school social worker after reluctantly acknowledging that his provocative behaviors just aren’t getting any better. A couple shows up for an appointment at a mental health clinic, full of worry about how disengaged their daughter seems compared to her siblings and classmates. Whatever the context, clinicians hear a set of familiar refrains when a young child isn’t thriving at home or in school. “She doesn’t seem to know how to play with other kids.” “It’s really hard to get his attention.” “I can’t get her to calm down when she’s upset, and she’s upset a lot.” “It’s so difficult to understand what he’s trying to tell us.” “She’s always on the move.” Each of these descriptions relates to what we sometimes call a developmental trajectory.
Home-Based Strategies:Helping Parents Set Effective Behavioral Expectations
Authors: Hirschland Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clinicians often struggle to help parents take a look at their own part in children’s poor responses to expectations for behavior: There’s always the danger of setting off feelings of embarrassment that then get in the way of constructive problem-solving. Using the analogy of animal training is one way to add some lightness to such explorations. Thus in parenting groups, I frequently tell the story of “Spot,” a lovable charmer and inveterate beggar, though no one in his family much appreciates the latter. Of course, though the grownups in this family would like to think that dogs will be dogs, they and their children have unwittingly taught Spot to beg. Here’s how.
Classroom-Based Strategies:Mentoring Teachers in the Skills of Developmental Scaffolding
Authors: Hirschland Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Judith is very concerned. The director of a large, urban childcare center, she knows that the program’s “Dino Room” has a particularly challenging group of kids. As a result, she’s been offering its lead teacher Rosa extra support and supervision. But things in the classroom are definitely going downhill, Rosa’s morale has hit a new low, and Judith fears she’s in danger of losing her youngest staff member within weeks. That evening, she picks up the phone to ask for some consultation.
Elementary School and Beyond:Perspectives for the Long Haul
Authors: Hirschland Deborah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As kids proceed through latency and adolescence, they don’t become different people—only, we hope, more comfortable versions of themselves. And, not infrequently, the issues that plague them in their earliest years resurface in various ways as they mature. Children who struggle to attend can get much better at sustaining focus yet, at times, will still need scaffolding to stay on task. Youngsters who used to lose their tempers many times a week may need help staying steady during later periods of stress. Kids who are on the reserved side may look increasingly confident, only to lose ground amidst the social complexities of middle school. Fortunately, the work we do to understand young children stands us in good stead as they grow older. The approaches we come up with to help them often still apply as well, with additions and adaptations as circumstances change and development unfolds. Throughout children’s growing up years, we return to our three-part process over and over again.
Combinatorics
Authors: Bloch William Goldbloom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We begin with a paean to the modern method of denoting numbers, especially the convention of exponential notation, employed first by Descartes in 1637, then extended over the next few decades, primarily by Napier and Newton. (These days, it’s commonly also called scientific notation.) In one of his most famous works, Archimedes, a singularly brilliant intellect of the classical world, needed approximately 12 pages (in English translation) to create names of numbers and methods of multiplication to produce an upper bound —a maximal estimate, a cap—on the number of grains of sand in the world. By using modern notation, particularly the idea of the exponential, it will take us less than one paragraph to produce an upper bound on the number of grains of sand in the universe. Furthermore, in short order these exponential conventions confer the power to accomplish a task that might well have stymied Archimedes: calculating the precise number of distinct books in the Library.
Information Theory
Authors: Bloch William Goldbloom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Information theory is one of the youngest fields in mathematics, essentially born in 1948 when Claude Shannon published “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” As a discipline, it is still unfolding, still crystallizing into a way to analyze and interpret the world. For the purposes of this book, we’ll say that information theory is the study of the compression and communication of complex information. We consider each book in the Library to be a complex piece of information, and our inquiry takes the form of investigating how a catalogue of the Library might encode information about the content and location of books. Since the story was written while Borges was tasked with cataloguing the collection of the Miguel Cané Municipal Library, questions of this nature may have taken on rich significance for him.
More Combinatorics
Authors: Bloch William Goldbloom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Calculating the number of distinct books in the Library, as seen in “Combinatorics: Contemplating Variations of the 23 Letters,” is an example of a straightforward problem with a tidy solution. In this chapter, we do not so much solve a problem as explore how a maximally disordered and chaotic distribution of books in the Library can be seen as a Grand Pattern.
Entire Solutions Blowing Up at Infinity for Elliptic Systems
Authors: Ghergu Marius , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we are concerned with entire radially symmetric solutions of logistic-type systems in anisotropic media. In terms of the growth of the variable potential functions, we establish conditions such that the solutions are either bounded or blow up at infinity. An important role in the results we establish in this chapter is played by the properties of the central value set.
Bifurcation and asymptotic analysis: The nonmonotone case
Authors: Ghergu Marius , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the framework of the curent chapter, existence and bifurcation results are completely different to those presented in Theorem 5.3.1 in the monotone case. Furthermore, the uniqueness no longer holds in a neighborhood of the bifurcation point λ∗.
‘A Great Shadow over our “Civil Rights”‘: Fighting for the Government
Authors: King Desmond 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN February 1940 a Black American, Bernard Randolph, wrote to the NAACP about his failure to join the Army. He was ‘told point-blank that there’s no place for Negroes’ in the Armed Forces. In Randolph’s view, a ‘great shadow is being cast over our “civil rights” by what we have been schooled to revere as our flag. It is a shadow that must be brightened if complete equality in the name of democracy is ever to evolve in our midst.’ The NAACP’s reply assured Randolph that his rejection was far from exceptional:
A Rudimentary Laboratory In A Small Kitchen
Authors: Mazzarello Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Golgi was about to turn thirty, an important milestone in anyone’s life, when one is not yet looking backward but when one’s past tends to determine one’s future. This is usually an age when economic security has been achieved, or at least within reach, but for Golgi the financial situation was still precarious and the prospects of a career continued to be obscure. Still, his fascination with research was too intense, and up until that moment, scientific satisfactions were enough to repay the many hours spent in Bizzozero’s laboratory.
The Written Examination Less Painful Than You Think
Authors: Armstrong Kira , Beebe Dean W , C.Hilsabeck Robin , Kirkwood Michael W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For those of you who enjoy demonstrating the breadth of your neuropsychological knowledge, get those pocket protectors out, the written exam is your time to shine! For those of you who would rather show off the depths of your clinical acumen, don’t fret, the written exam is still immensely doable. Believe it or not, your clinical knowledge is even going to come in handy at this stage. Be patient too. The time to really show off those clinical skills arrives with the practice sample and oral exam stages, which we will get to just as soon as we notch this written exam in your professional belt. The written exam is no different in form from countless other exams you have taken over the years. It is a closed-book multiple-choice test, made up of 100 questions with a 2-hour time limit. Pediatric and adult-focused practitioners take the same exam, which is designed to evaluate your breadth of clinical neuropsychological knowledge. The exam is not meant to mine the depths of any particular topic area (re-read this sentence 100 times if your studying somehow leads you to the pterygopalatine ganglion!). You can bet that you will find the written exam difficult, but most people actually report that the exam seems fair and that the studying is relevant and useful.
The Practice Sample Showcasing Your Clinical Talents
Authors: Armstrong Kira , Beebe Dean W , C.Hilsabeck Robin , Kirkwood Michael W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now that you have successfully conquered the written exam, the sailing may seem a little smoother from here on out. You cannot coast exactly, but at least you can now focus your efforts on what you do every day . . . evaluate patients, conceptualize cases, and write reports. This is essentially what the practice sample portion of the ABPP/ABCN certification process is all about—show-casing your clinical skills. In theory, next to submitting your credentialing application and materials, it should be one of the least anxiety-provoking parts of the evaluation process, particularly since you have already shown that you possess all the essential training needed to become board certified. However, some people find the thought of other neuropsychologists scrutinizing their written work especially stressful. Fear not! This chapter will help you select your best cases to showcase your neuropsychological skills and talent. In other words, it will help maximize your chances of getting to the oral examination.
Shrews, Moles, And Solenodons Order Soricomorpha
Authors: Reid Fiona A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are 26 genera and about 376 species of shrews. Shrews are found throughout most of the world, but in South America they only reach the northern Andes. Two genera and about 15 species occur in Central America and SE Mexico, mostly in the highlands. Shrews are small, mouselike mammals, with long, pointed snouts and small eyes. They have 5 clawed toes on each foot (unlike mice, which have 4 toes on the front foot). The small, sharp teeth usually have reddish tips and are in a continuous row (in mice there is a large gap behind the incisors). The dental formula is i 3/1, c 1/1, p 3/1 (Sorex) or 2/1 (Cryptotis), m 3/3. Shrews have short, velvety fur that is usually blackish or gray-brown in color. Most shrews have a summer and a winter coat that differ slightly in length and color. Males sometimes have enlarged scent glands on the flanks that appear as hairless ovals; this feature may be helpful in distinguishing the sexes, as the external genitalia are similar in males and females.
Carnivores Order Carnivora
Authors: Reid Fiona A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 15 families of carnivores, with about 286 species in 126 genera, occur worldwide. There is considerable debate on the taxonomy of several groups of carnivores at all levels of classification. Carnivores are adapted to catch and kill animal prey and have teeth designed for tearing and slicing. All but the cats have rear molars designed for crushing. Not all members of the order are strict meat-eaters, however; the 5 families in south- east Mexico and Central America include the omnivorous skunks, raccoons, and foxes (mephitid, procyonid, and canid families) and fruit specialists such as the Kinkajou (procyonid family). The largest and smallest carnivores in the region, Jaguar (felid fam- ily) and Long-tailed Weasel (mustelid family), are both strictly carnivorous and can kill prey larger than their body size.
Odd-toed ungulates Order Perissodactyla
Authors: Reid Fiona A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are 3 families of odd-toed ungulates: tapirs, horses, and rhinoceroses. Although perissodactyls are externally similar to the artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates), the 2 or- ders may not be each other’s nearest relatives. Some authors suggest that the closest living relative to the odd-toed ungulates in Central America may be the West Indian Manatee (Fischer and Tassy, 1993). Tapirs are the only members of the order that include living species native to the New World.
Whales, Dolphins, and porpoises Order Cetacea
Authors: Reid Fiona A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cetaceans are aquatic mammals that breathe air and suckle their young. As a result of modifications associated with life in water, they are fishlike in form. Many dolphins have upright, sharklike dorsal fins; however, the tail of a dolphin is flattened horizontally, whereas a shark’s tail is vertical. Unlike fish, cetaceans breathe through blowholes (nos- trils) located on the top of their head. Whales and dolphins do not resemble other orders of mammals, but are related to artiodactyls (progenitors of modern ungulates), based on similar fossil ancestors and other evidence. Cetaceans are divided into 2 major groups, the toothed whales (suborder Odontoceti) and the baleen whales (suborder Mysticeti).
The Therapeutic Process: An Overview
Authors: Barish Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the preceding chapters, I have presented an emotion-based perspective on optimal and pathological development in childhood. From this perspective, psychological health is characterized by a predominance of positive emotions and positive expectations—an expansion of thoughts and fantasies (or scripts, or beliefs) associated with the affects of interest, excitement, joy, pride, and love. In emotional health, the child develops the capacity to bounce back from emotional injuries and restore a positive feeling about herself and her future. We call this emotional resilience, or psychological immunity.
History of Sudoku
Authors: Block Seymour S , Tavares Santiago A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Sudoku puzzle is derived from an offshoot of the magic square, called the Latin square, that was created by the great mathematician Leonhard Euler in 1783. The Sudoku was the invention of an American architect from Indianapolis, Howard Garns, in 1979. It appeared in the Dell puzzle magazine where it was called Number Place, and it is still called that today in that magazine. The originator was determined by some detective work by Will Shortz, the puzzle editor of the New York Times. Nobody at the magazine now was there in 1979 or knew what had occurred then, and the magazine had not attached Garns’s name to the puzzles. Shortz examined the list of contributors in issues when the Number Place puzzle appeared and found that the name Howard Garns was listed with the contributors but was absent whenever that puzzle did not appear. He was able to confirm his evidence with Garns’s associates at his architectural firm who witnessed him creating the puzzles. Unfortunately, Garns died in 1989 before his puzzle had achieved its worldwide popularity (Hayes [18]).
Magic Squares Terminology
Authors: Block Seymour S , Tavares Santiago A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Antimagic squares A particular case of heterosquares, where the addition of each number on each row, column, and two diagonals gives numbers that form a consecutive sequence of 2(n + 1) integers, where n is the order of the square. Associated magic square A magic square where all pairs of cells diametrically equidistant from the center of the square equal the sum of the first and last terms of the sequence, or n2 + 1 (Heinz [97]). It is also called symmetrical or center-symmetric. Bent column A line that starts at the top middle to right of the square, goes down at an angle of 45◦ until the middle of the left side of the square, then it bends back at an angle of 90◦ until it reaches the bottom of the square. If the lines are bent left, they have the shape of a less than sign (&lt;) as shown in Figure 10.29. The shape of a greater than (&gt;) sign results if the lines start top middle to right, then are bent to the right, as shown in Figure 10.31.
Fallacy 2: Wealth Equals Health
Authors: Revesz Richard l. , Livermore Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every college student who studies statistics is told that correlation is not causation. In other words, just because Y and Z correlate with each other, we cannot assume that Y causes Z or that Z causes Y. Both are possibilities, but it is also possible that the correlation is random, or that some third agent, X, is causing both Y and Z. For instance, the weather correlates with the seasons, but no one would say that the weather causes the seasons.
Fallacy 6: We Are Worth More than Our Children
Authors: Revesz Richard l. , Livermore Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discounting in the long-latency context is an empirical question of people’s time preferences; it does not raise any substantial moral issues. Discounting in the future-generations context, however, is very different. Deciding how much to spend today in order to reduce environmental risks for future generations is not a question of time preferences for any group of people, but is an allocation question between people living at different times. Fundamentally, such allocation decisions are moral.
Fallacy 7: People Value Only What They Use
Authors: Revesz Richard l. , Livermore Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of existence value as a technique for assigning value to environmental preservation. Existence value is the value people assign to natural resources, such as the Grand Canyon and endangered species, even if they never “use” those resources. Environmentalists tend to favor the use of existence value—equally predictably, their opponents have sought to discredit existence value and the stated-preference surveys usually used to measure it. This chapter argues that it is incorrect to believe that people can value only what they use, and that, therefore, regulatory benefits for important preservation programs will be seriously understated if existence value is not counted.
Fallacy 8: Industry Cannot Adapt
Authors: Revesz Richard l. , Livermore Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Earlier chapters focused largely on how regulatory benefits should be measured—whether life-years rather than lives should be used; whether benefits to future generations should be discounted or not. This, the final of the eight chapters discussing the fallacies of cost-benefit analysis, turns from the benefit side of the equation to the cost side and argues against the idea that industry cannot adapt to new regulations. Cost-benefit analysis, by assuming that industry does not respond to regulations by finding the cheapest possible way to comply, has traditionally overestimated the cost of compliance—in some cases quite significantly.
What Is a Disability? What Is a Learning Disability?
Authors: Mapou Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents ideas, concepts, and definitions that form the foundation for evaluation of adults with learning disabilities and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). First, the distinction between a learning disability as a neuropsychological concept and a learning disability as a condition that warrants accommodation from a legal standpoint is introduced. This includes the earliest known definition of a learning disability, which drove service provision and research starting in the 1970s, and the broad definition of a disability under the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Next, the chapter focuses on definitions of learning disabilities that have been used for children, a discussion of their limitations, a definition that is better for adults, and the author’s proposed definition for adults. The population that fits into the category “adults with learning disabilities or ADHD,” which is the subject of this book, is defined. The chapter concludes with an outline of the types of learning disabilities that are covered in this book. The typology is largely based on research conducted with children.
Accommodations and Interventions
Authors: Mapou Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because the focus of this book is on assessment, this chapter only briefly touches upon accommodations and interventions. However, no report is complete without detailed recommendations for the client, despite the fact there is limited research on the effectiveness of accommodations and interventions in adults. As noted earlier in the book, many referrals for assessment of adult learning disabilities and ADHD are geared toward documenting the need for accommodations. Thus, accommodations are covered first and include those for students and for individuals in the workplace. Interventions that can help treat the learning disability or ADHD are described next. These interventions include assistive technology and software, medication, evidence-based programs to improve reading, tutoring, coaching, psychotherapy, and self-development. The chapter concludes with additional evaluations or consultations that are sometimes needed following neuropsychological evaluation.
Fantasy And Reality: A Primer On Media And Social Construction
Authors: Dill Karen E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Right now, at this moment in history, Americans are having a love affair with mass media. While this romance is sometimes sublime, as with many affairs of the heart, many of us are still seeing the object of our affections through rose-colored glasses, unable to acknowledge the flaws that may end up hurting us. On the other hand, the reason we fell in love with the mass media in the first place is understandable. It’s like one of those relationships where the chemistry is good, so we ignore those niggling problems that are always in the background. We know we should do something about it, but we just keep muddling through, hoping for the best. But if this is going to be the kind of relationship that adds to who we are, rather than one that does more harm than good, the relationship is going to need work.
Classification
Authors: Blashfield Roger K , Keeley Jared W , Burgess Danny R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Diagnosis is simple. Diagnostic systems, generally called classifi cations, are lists of terms for conventionally accepted concepts that are used to describe psychopathology. Within the broad framework of classifi cation, there are three different processes for which specifi c names can be assigned. Classification, when the term is used specifi cally, refers to the activity of forming groups.