bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid 3D printing of fluid-filled lattices for biomedical applications: a review
Authors: Amirpour Maedeh , Cracknell Dayna , Amirian Amirali , Alipour Arvin N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fluid-Filled Lattices (FFLs), which integrate liquid components into solid porous matrices and create a composite structure, exhibit unique properties, including enhanced flexibility, biomechanical strength, cushioning, and improved thermal and electrical conductivities. Additive manufacturing, particularly 3D printing, is a prominent method for fabricating FFLs and is in high demand due to its ability to customise geometry and composition. This paper investigates the types of fluid materials and lattice topology suitable for FFL based on their biomedical applications. It further explores the methods and types of 3D printing technologies that can be employed to develop novel hybrid fluid-filled lattice structures with potential applications in biomedical sector.
Truncated Affine Rozansky–Witten Models as Extended Defect TQFTs
Authors: Brunner Ilka , Carqueville Nils , Fragkos Pantelis , Roggenkamp Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We apply the cobordism hypothesis with singularities to the case of affine Rozansky–Witten models, providing a construction of extended TQFTs that includes all line and surface defects. On a technical level, this amounts to proving that the associated homotopy 2-category is pivotal, and to systematically employing its 3-dimensional graphical calculus. This in particular allows us to explicitly calculate state spaces for surfaces with arbitrary defect networks. As specific examples we discuss symmetry defects which can be used to model non-trivial background gauge fields, as well as boundary conditions.
Unveiling pterion variability: a meta-analytic approach to enhance neurosurgical precision
Authors: Triantafyllou George , Karangeli Nektaria , Duparc Fabrice , Piagkou Maria , Galzio Renato , Tsakotos George , Botis George , Kalamatianos Theodosis , Luzzi Sabino 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This meta-analytical systematic review aims at investigating the variability of the pterion, focusing on its morphological types and precise distances from various bony landmarks. Additionally, the neurosurgical significance of this critical cranial landmark is examined in depth.

Methods
The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 and Evidence-based Anatomy Workgroup guidelines for anatomical studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Anatomical Quality Assurance Tool (AQUA). The meta-analysis was performed using R programming software and RStudio, employing the “meta” and “metafor” packages.

Results
A total of 79 studies were included, encompassing 18,694 skull sides. The sphenoparietal type was identified as the most prevalent pterion variant, with a pooled prevalence of 78.54%. The epipteric type followed at 8.41%, while the frontotemporal (5.74%) and stellate (4.26%) types were the rarest. Significant differences in the prevalence of the epipteric, frontotemporal, and stellate types were observed across different nationalities. However, sex, side, and study type did not significantly influence pterion morphological variation. The study also extracted and calculated the distances between the pterion and key anatomical landmarks, including the midpoint of the zygomatic arch, the frontozygomatic suture, the mastoid process, and the external acoustic meatus.

Conclusion
This study offers critical anatomical insights by accurately mapping the pterion’s location relative to essential cranial landmarks. These findings are vital for neurosurgical planning, particularly for procedures involving the anterior and middle cranial fossae. The detailed anatomical data provided can enhance the precision and safety of neurosurgical interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Contrasting hydro-climatic trends and drought dynamics in Ethiopia and South Africa under climate change
Authors: Mengistu Achamyeleh G. , Tesfuhuney Weldemichael A. , Woyessa Yali E. , Ejigu Amsalework A. , Alemu Melku D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climate change profoundly impacts hydro-climatic systems, altering precipitation, temperature, and drought dynamics. This study investigates contrasting trends in Ethiopia and South Africa under historical and future scenarios (SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) using CMIP6 datasets. The analysis encompasses national averages and regional clusters to capture both spatial and temporal variability. In Ethiopia, annual precipitation increases by 1.2 mm/year under SSP2-4.5 and 2.5 mm/year under SSP5-8.5, potentially benefiting agriculture but elevating flood risks. Conversely, South Africa experiences decline in precipitation of 0.25 mm/year and 0.32 mm/year under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively, likely to exacerbate water scarcity and compromising agricultural resilience. Both countries see substantial increases in potential evapotranspiration (PET) and temperature extremes. Ethiopia’s PET rises by 0.67 mm/year and 0.97 mm/year, while South Africa’s PET increases by 1.14 mm/year and 1.83 mm/year. Temperature increases in Ethiopia are more pronounced in minimum temperatures, while South Africa shows a similar rate of increase in both maximum and minimum temperatures. Drought analysis using SPEI and SPI indices reveals divergent trends: Ethiopia generally experiences decreased drought occurrence, severity and frequency, whereas South Africa faces increased drought occurrences and its properties, particularly under high emissions. These trends vary across clusters, highlighting the need for tailored adaptation strategies in each region. Despite its comprehensive approach, the study acknowledges limitations, including uncertainties in climate model projections and the need for more localized data. Understanding the interplay between hydro-climatic variables and their extremes is essential for effective adaptation. Ethiopia should strengthen flood management and promote soil conservation practices, while South Africa should focus on water conservation. Both nations must integrate climate projections into planning, enhance early warning systems, and foster public–private partnerships for successful adaptation.
Screening for sickle cell disease by point-of-care tests in Italy: pilot study on 1000 at risk children
Authors: Casale Maddalena , Scianguetta Saverio , Palma Teresa , Pinfildi Laura , Vallefuoco Giampiero , Capellupo Maria Chiara , Roberti Domenico , Perrotta Silverio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a global health problem causing premature deaths and preventable severe chronic complications. A priority goal to improve outcomes both in the short and long term is the screening for early diagnosis and access to specialized care. In Italy, as in other countries, no systematic national screening program is available. A regional pilot project was developed with the aim to screen 1000 children at risk of SCD in Italy. Primary care paediatricians received point-of-care tests (POCTs) to detect abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) to be offered to children regularly followed at their own clinics. Children positive to the POCT were referred to the regional paediatric specialized centre for diagnosis confirmation and follow up. Among 1000 at risk children screened, 85 (8,5%) tested positive for an abnormal Hb. HbS trait was reported in 69 (7%) children, HbC trait in 13 (1,3%) and SCD was diagnosed in 3 (0,3% overall; 0,56% in African background) children. African family background was the most affected by sickle mutations and all children with SCD had African ancestry. Only 56/259 (22%) primary care paediatricians invited but 20/21 (95%) reception centres adhered to the pilot screening project.

Conclusions: A screening program for SCD performed by the primary care paediatricians is feasible and relatively easy to organize. SCD affects mainly children with African family background and the scarce adherence of primary care paediatricians, in contrast to the high adhesion of charitable institutions, outlines the need for a mandatory screening for SCD, and improved awareness among health care providers.

What is Known:• Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a serious global health problem that requires management in specialized centres from the first months of life.• In the absence of neonatal screening for SCD, primary health care settings represent a feasible and costeffective approach for early disease detection.

What is New:• In Italy, screening for SCD performed by primary care pediatricians detected a hemoglobin variant in 8.5% children, with a disease prevalence of 0.3% in the whole population and 0.56% in children with African family background.• The poor adherence of paediatricians to the voluntary screening for SCD highlights the need for legislative interventions and training activities to ensure early diagnosis and rapid access to care for all children affected by SCD.
Acute kidney injury in paediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Mohidin Barian , Marks Stephen D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in paediatric kidney transplant recipients is common. Infection including urinary tract infection (UTI) and rejection are the most common causes in children. Surgical complications often cause AKI early post-transplant, whereas BK polyomavirus nephropathy rarely occurs in the first month post-transplant. Understanding kidney physiology helps to appreciate the sensitivity of the allograft to AKI, more so than native kidneys. Although the cause of AKI is often multi-factorial, there may be an underlying process that is treatable. Eliciting the aetiology, in this regard, is of paramount importance. Pre-renal and post-renal causes of allograft dysfunction are important to distinguish from intrinsic kidney disease. Clinical information and examination of fluid balance, urine dipstick testing, blood tests, bladder and kidney transplant ultrasound, and kidney transplant biopsy remain vital assessment tools in narrowing the differential diagnosis. A careful prescribed and recreational drug history is always warranted as many drugs including supplements are nephrotoxic. Additional causes such as allograft rejection, recurrent disease, and calcineurin inhibitor toxicity need to be considered in cases of allograft dysfunction, which would not affect the native kidneys. Early detection and assessment of AKI is crucial in promoting recovery. Significant progress has been made in specific pathologies over the last 20 years, which has improved kidney allograft survival rates considerably. Research into identifying AKI biomarkers to assist early diagnosis, before the serum creatinine rises, is ongoing.

Graphical abstract
Longitudinal impact of extended-hours hemodialysis with a liberalized diet on nutritional status and survival outcomes: findings from the LIBERTY cohort
Authors: Imaizumi Takahiro , Okazaki Masaki , Hishida Manabu , Kurasawa Shimon , Nishibori Nobuhiro , Nakamura Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Shigefumi , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Takeda Yuki , Otobe Yuhei , Kondo Toru , Kaneda Fumika , Kaneda Hiroshi , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Protein-energy wasting (PEW), a unique weight loss linked to nutritional and metabolic abnormalities, is common in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and associated with adverse outcomes. This study investigated whether extended-hours HD combined with a liberalized diet could overcome PEW and improve survival.

Methods
The body mass index (BMI) and survival outcomes in patients undergoing extended-hours HD were evaluated for up to 8 years using data from the LIBeralized diet Extended-houRs hemodialysis Therapy (LIBERTY) cohort. Extended-hours HD was defined as weekly dialysis length ≥ 18 h.

Results
The LIBERTY cohort included 402 patients who initiated extended-hours HD. An increase in the length and frequency of HD sessions was observed over time, with approximately 70% and 20% of patients undergoing extended-hours HD for > 21 h/week and > 3 sessions/week at 5 years, respectively. The BMI and percentage creatinine generation rate were maintained over time, with no substantial increase in the phosphorus and potassium levels. The estimated BMI initially increased, and thereafter plateaued over time in patients with a baseline BMI < 25 kg/m2, whereas it decreased gradually in patients with a baseline BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 after several years from baseline. Ninety-one patients died, and 108 discontinued extended-hours HD during the median follow-up period of 6.2 years (interquartile range, 3.5–8.0), yielding a 5-year survival rate of 85%.

Conclusions
Extended-hours HD with a liberalized diet may help achieve favorable survival outcomes and maintain nutritional status. Thus, it is a promising treatment option for managing PEW in patients undergoing HD.
The influence of GP advice on physical activity and health promotion in elderly patients – findings from a quantitative waiting room survey in Germany
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim
Physical activity can help maintain an independent and healthy life, especially at an older age. In view of the ageing population, the necessity for better prevention concepts is becoming evident. The present study has ascertained the importance and potential of primary care in the task of motivating patients to participate in exercise, fitness, and health programmes.

Subject and methods
As part of a waiting room survey conducted between November 2022 and April 2023, a total of 1701 patients aged 70 and older were surveyed in 35 GP practices in the federal state of Hesse.

Results
Half of those surveyed participate in sports activities on a regular basis. It is widely considered a problem that there is a lack of health and exercise programmes that match the (health) situation of individuals. Many of those questioned also have no overview of what courses are available in their vicinity. GPs enjoy an excellent reputation as highly trustworthy and reliable advisors for health and exercise programmes; 46% of respondents stated that their GP had already recommended an increase in physically activity, 38% stated that their GP had drawn their attention to specific sports, fitness, or health programmes. Of these, 84% decided to try out this recommendation. Ninety percent were in favour of a closer cooperation between GPs and health course providers.

Conclusion
The results indicate that the primary care setting is in a particularly good position to introduce older people to exercise and health programmes and motivate them to take part. General practitioners should be encouraged to assume such an intermediary role with regard to prevention. For this purpose, it would appear that urgent action is necessary in local and municipal health promotion networks as well as relevant training of GPs and practice staff.
Probabilistic parametric analysis of capacity, fragility and expected seismic damage of framed reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Pujades L. G. , Vargas-Alzate Y. F. , Lantada N. , González-Drigo R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
1160 framed reinforced concrete buildings, holding 3–13 stories, have been modelled in a probabilistic way. Capacity spectra have been calculated and characterized by means of 5 parameters: initial stiffness, ultimate capacity (Sdu, Sau), μ and σ. μ is related to ductility, and σ controls the way the building strength degrades. A strong correlation among these five parameters has been found. Moreover, the also high correlation between the initial stiffness and the number of stories allows to define median and percentile capacity spectra starting from the number of stories. Afterwards, for each number of stories, a fragility analysis is performed for the median capacity spectrum. The Barcelona city, in Spain, is used to depict the expected physical damage for a probabilistic and a deterministic seismic hazard scenario. Two procedures, based on the bilinear form of the capacity spectrum and on the Park and Ang damage index, are used to define damage states thresholds. The probabilistic scenario is more damaging than the deterministic one is and, damage states thresholds based on the capacity spectrum lead to more damages than the ones based on the Park and Ang damage index. Mean damage states close to 2.0 are obtained, being 25% and 6% the probabilities of Severe, and Complete, damage states, which would have significant impact on the number of homeless people and victims. Maps of expected damages depict the physical seismic risk of the probabilistic scenario. These scenarios are very useful for emergency planning and for earthquake protection.
Development of optical microneedle–lens array for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Park Jongho , Zhang Jingzong , Kim Beomjoon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) which involves a photosensitizer (PS), a special drug activated by light, and light irradiation has been widely used in treating various skin diseases such as port-wine stain as well as cancers such as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. PDT comprises two general steps: the introduction of PS into the body or a specific spot to be treated, and the irradiation process using a light source with a specific wavelength to excite the PS. Although PDT is gaining great attention owing to its potential as a targeted approach in the treatment of skin cancers, several limitations still exist for practical use. One of the biggest challenges is the limited penetration of light owing to scattering, reflection, and absorption of light inside the skin layers. In addition, accidental light exposure of the target area causes additional cellular damage, which causes unexpected complications. To solve these issues, we introduced an optical microneedle–lens array (OMLA) to improve the efficiency and safety of PDT treatment. We designed and fabricated a novel optical microneedle–lens array with controlled dimensions to optimize light transmission. In addition, PS was coated uniformly over the tips of the OMLA using the dip coating method. Finally, we confirmed that the PS coated on the OMLA was released into the target area and subsequently generated radical oxygen by light irradiation. We expect that our proposed OMLA for PDT treatment can realize a new light-transmission platform optimized for PDT with targeting various types of skin cancers.

Graphical abstract
Targeting MYC for the treatment of breast cancer: use of the novel MYC-GSPT1 degrader, GT19630
Authors: Tang Minhong , Crown John , Duffy Michael J. 
Published: January 2025

Summary

Background
Since MYC is one of the most frequently altered driver genes involved in cancer formation, it is a potential target for new anti-cancer therapies. Historically, however, MYC has proved difficult to target due to the absence of a suitable crevice for binding potential low molecular weight drugs.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel molecular glue, dubbed GT19630, which degrades both MYC and GSPT1, for the treatment of breast cancer.

Methods
The antiproliferative potential of GT19630 was evaluated in 14 breast cancer cell lines representing the main molecular subtypes of breast cancer. In addition, we also investigated the effects of GT19630 on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and degradation of the negative immune checkpoint protein, B7-H3.

Results
GT19630 inhibited cell proliferation, blocked cell cycle progression, promoted apoptosis, and decreased cell migration at low nanomolar concentrations in breast cancer cell lines. By contrast, previously described MYC inhibitors such as specific MYC-MAX antagonists affected these processes at micromolar concentrations. Consistent with the ability of MYC to promote immune evasion, we also found that GT19630 degraded the negative immune checkpoint inhibitor, B7-H3.

Conclusions
We conclude that the novel molecular glue, GT19630, is a potent mediator of endpoints associated with cancer formation/progression. Its ability to degrade B7-H3 suggests that GT19630 may also promote host immunity against cancer. To progress GT19630 as a therapy for breast cancer, our finding should now be confirmed in an animal model system.
Development and Validation of Deep Procedural Knowledge Test on Angles and Polygons (Deep-ProKT-AngPoly)
Authors: Aydınyer Yurdagül , Ubuz Behiye 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This mixed methods study aimed to develop a test assessing middle school students’ predominantly deep procedural knowledge of angles and polygons and then to determine its validity based on test content (expert evaluation and developmental field testing) and internal structure (dimensionality and internal consistency). Deep procedural knowledge of angles and polygons refers to knowing how to use the three major elements (i.e., applying figural procedures, using corresponding geometric statements, and making arithmetical calculations) to find the unknown(s) for solving “geometric calculation” questions. The results suggest that the Deep Procedural Knowledge Test on Angles and Polygons including 14 constructed-response questions demonstrates satisfactory validity evidence based on test content and internal structure. In conclusion, such a content-specific test could be valuable to be used in classrooms and research to assess students’ deep procedural knowledge of angles and polygons.
The effect of single versus group culture on cumulus-oocyte complexes from early antral follicles
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohammadreza , Mara Laura , Succu Sara , Gadau Sergio Domenico , Palmerini Maria Grazia , Chessa Fabrizio , Dattena Maria , Sotgiu Francesca D. , Pasciu Valeria , Mascitti Ilaria Antenisca , Macchiarelli Guido , Luciano Alberto Maria , Berlinguer Fiammetta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single versus group culture strategies for cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from early antral follicles (EAFs), with the goal of optimizing culture conditions to increase oocyte availability for assisted reproductive technologies.

Methods
COCs isolated from EAFs (350–450 µm) from sheep ovaries were cultured in TCM199 medium supplemented with 0.15 µg/mL Zn++ as zinc sulfate, 10−4 IU/mL FSH, 10 ng/mL estradiol, 50 ng/mL testosterone, 50 ng/mL progesterone, and 5 µM Cilostamide. After 5 days of long in vitro culture (LIVC), COCs underwent in vitro maturation. This study investigated the effects of single and group culture conditions on COCs, focusing on morphology (integrity of oocyte-granulosa cell complex), viability, oocyte diameter, chromatin configuration, and ultrastructure. Additional factors influencing developmental competence were assessed, including global transcriptional activity, gap junction communication, and meiotic competence. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial activity were also measured.

Results
No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of morphology, viability, oocyte diameter, chromatin configuration, ROS levels, or mitochondrial activity. However, group culture resulted in ultrastructural changes, with a notable reduction in global transcriptional activity, an increase in active gap junctions, and a higher rate of meiosis resumption (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Overall, group culture of COCs derived from sheep EAFs promoted meiosis resumption, suggesting that this approach could improve in vitro culture techniques, increase the availability of mature gametes, and support fertility preservation programs.

Graphical abstract