bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel allele of FUT2 gene containing a deletion of nine bases (c.461_469delGGACCTTCT) in a Chinese Han blood donor
Authors: Zhou Shihang , Wang Liying , Song Wenqian , Xia Yuexin , Shao Linnan , Liang Xiaohua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe FUT2 gene is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body secretions. It is highly polymorphic and population specific. We investigated the FUT2 gene polymorphism in Chinese blood donors and found a novel deletion mutation in one non‐secretor individual. This study aimed to identify mutation(s) responsible for a non‐secretor phenotype.Materials and MethodsThe Lewis blood group of a Chinese Han blood donor was typed using the standard serological technique and the FUT2 gene of the sample was analysed by Sanger sequencing. Clone sequencing was performed for determining the haplotype of the FUT2 gene. Bioinformatics tools were used for predicting the effect of the deletion on the FUT2 gene.ResultsA novel nine‐base deletion (c.461_469delGGACCTTCT) in the FUT2 gene was identified in a Chinese Han blood donor. Two haplotypes Se390,418 and se204,249,461_469del,772,993 were determined by clone sequencing. According to the prediction of bioinformatics tools, the mutation at c.461_469delGGACCTTCT might not influence the activity of the Se enzyme.ConclusionWe identified a new FUT2 mutation, the deletion of nine bases (c.461_469delGGACCTTCT), in a Chinese Han blood donor. This deletion was reported for the first time.
Straightness of Central Anatomical Axes of Human Tibia–Fibula System: Role of Fibula and Its Importance in Biomechanics
Authors: Tiwari Ashish , Wahi Pankaj , Gupta Shakti S. , Sinha Niraj 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fracture may occur in human lower leg bones considering varying loads acting on them while performing various functions. Implants, commonly used in healing the fractures, must be properly aligned with the bones' anatomical axes for their proper functioning. While attempts to establish tibial anatomical axis have been made previously, combined central anatomical axis of human tibia and fibula remains unexplored. In this study, profiles of individual and combined central anatomical axes of tibia and fibula have been obtained using computed tomography (CT). These profiles are found to be approximately straight with the deviation from straight line for the centroidal axis of the combined system being approximately half of that for the tibia. It is further utilized in assessing the role of fibula in determining the critical stresses in the tibia with the help of static finite element analysis (FEA) of a tibia–fibula model. Even though fibula takes a smaller proportion of the total axial load, its absence increases the compressive stresses in the tibia due to increased bending moments at the critical cross section. Furthermore, FEA has been carried out to understand the clinical significance of the mismatch in the centroidal axis of an implant and its parent bone taking the example of the human tibia alone. FEA suggests that these central anatomical axes are in fact the load bearing axes of the bones and any misalignment of implant with the central anatomical axis may lead to patient discomfort and premature failure of the implant.
Identification of Compressor Vibration Aerodynamic Forcing Mechanisms by Spectral Characteristics
Authors: Hernley Valerie , Kang Jeongseek , Montgomery Matthew , Chung Jae Hoon , Jemcov Aleksandar , Morris Scott C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nonsynchronous vibration (NSV) in axial compressors can be caused either by (1) unsteady aerodynamic forces that are not related to motion of the blades or (2) motion-dependent aerodynamic forcing (e.g., flutter). Aerodynamic forcing mechanisms can be challenging to identify in experimental observations of NSV because the temporal vibration characteristics for both forcing mechanisms can appear similar. This work proposes a method for distinguishing between the two mechanisms using spectral characteristics. The method provides an interpretation of experimental data explicitly consistent with the analytical models used to differentiate between forced response and flutter. Two cases of NSV were observed in a 1.5-stage axial compressor at near-stall conditions. The circumferential wavenumber-dependent unsteady pressure spectra and nonintrusive stress measurement system (NSMS) spectra were observed to have distinct characteristics for the two NSV cases. Based on these distinct spectral characteristics, the first case was identified as blade-row aerodynamic forcing, while the second was identified as motion-dependent (flutter). Numerical simulations confirmed low aerodynamic damping at the conditions where flutter was observed.
Detailed Gaseous and Particulate Emissions of an Allison 250-C20B Turboshaft Engine
Authors: Rohkamp Marius , Rabl Alexander , Gündling Benedikt , Saraji-Bozorgzad Mohammad Reza , Mull Christopher , Bendl Jan , Neukirchen Carsten , Helcig Christian , Adam Thomas , Gümmer Volker , Hupfer Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aviation is known to be one of the most significant contributors to air pollutants. This includes gaseous emissions, like carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), and also particulate matter (PM), especially in the form of soot. This study conducted emission measurements on an Allison 250-C20B turboshaft engine operating on Jet A-1 fuel with a focus on gaseous compounds (e.g., ozone precursors) and PM. The different engine loading points were chosen based on the percentage thrust ratios of the International Civil Aviation Organization LTO-Cycle. A standard FTIR/O2/FID system to measure general gaseous combustion compounds, e.g., CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), and NOx. For the investigation of the volatile organic compounds (VOC), which are known to act as ozone precursors, a gas chromatograph was applied. Different measurement methods were used to characterize the PM emissions. For the particle size distribution (PSD), we used two types of electrical mobility analyzers and an aerodynamic aerosol classifier. All measurement systems yielded comparable PSD results, indicating reliable results. The particle measurement methods all show increasing aerosol diameter modes (electrical and aerodynamic) with increased engine loading. The aerosol diameter modes were shifting from 29 nm to 65 nm. The size and shape of different individual particles were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope. A correlation between the injection system and the particle formation was established. Gaseous turboshaft engine emissions show high CO and UHC values at Ground Idle level. NOx levels were the highest at Take-Off conditions. Acetylene and ethylene were the most significant contributors to ozone formation.
Influence of Rate Effects, Temperature, and Moisture Content on the Geomechanical Behavior of Marine Clays
Authors: Godoy Vinícius Batista , Schnaid Fernando , Cirio Eduardo , Scheuermann Filho Hugo , Leonhardt Adriana , Pestana Inácio Abreu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study of the geomechanical behavior of marine clays is a basic requirement for project optimization of the oil and natural gas industry. As part of a large-scale project, this study explored the effects of moisture content, temperature, and rate effects using laboratory vane shear tests. A series of results has helped in the identification of the effects of ground freezing on the undrained shear strength. For temperatures below freezing (−2.0 °C) the undrained shear strength increases with increasing water content and decreases with increasing shear rates for applied angular velocities in the range of 0.0025– 0.015 rpm. Apparently, with the freezing of pore fluids, the shear strength is partially governed by the strength of the ice-soil particle bonds. The increase in shear rate appears to facilitate the breakage of the ice bonds and afterwards the ice crystals reducing the viscous effects on the mobilized shear strength. Conversely, samples tested at temperatures above freezing show an increase in undrained shear strength with the increase in the imposed angular velocity and decreases with increasing soil moisture. Based on these studies, it is concluded that rate effects should be coupled to the influence of temperature and moisture content in the design of offshore structures.
2.5-Dimensional Ultrasonic Imaging for Pipe-Like Damage
Authors: Wang Xiaocen , Li Jian , Lin Min , Tong Junkai , Chen Shili , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Structural damage is a significant factor that threatens the service life and operation safety. At present, many technical methods can only achieve qualitative damage detection, without providing specific information. Quantitative damage evaluation is more challenging and significant than qualitative damage detection of structures. Pipe-like damage is a common occurrence, caused by factors such as corrosion, welding, and excavation, etc. Ultrasonic detection is a common technique which is very suitable for pipe detection. In this paper, a quantitative evaluation technology based on ultrasonic detection and deep learning is proposed. The 3 dimensional structure is converted into 2 dimensional plate. The plate is discretized into pixels that represent the spatial structure in 2 dimensions. Then, the ultrasonic signal is mapped to 2 dimensional pixels through deep learning to realize the imaging of the damage of the pipe. This method is commonly referred to as 2.5 dimensional imaging because it is not a direct 3D imaging method but can be converted into a 3D structure. Numerical experiments were conducted on typical pipe-like structures, and the results demonstrate that physical information of damage, including location, size and shape, can be accurately detected. Although this imaging method has only been verified by simulation, and it is expected to be explored and applied in future studies to more complex structures, such as aircraft wings, trusses, and beams, for the purpose of detecting and imaging damage.
A Deep Learning Based Super-Resolution Approach for the Reconstruction of Full Wavefields of Lamb Waves
Authors: Ullah Saeed , Kudela Pawel , Ostachowicz Wieslaw 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) is widely used to obtain the full wavefields of propagating guided waves, particularly Lamb waves. Signal processing is applied on such full wavefields in order to reveal the defects in the inspected structure. However, obtaining the full wavefields of guided Lamb waves is very time-consuming.
To tackle this problem, one possible solution is to acquire the guided Lamb waves in a low-resolution form and then apply a compressive sensing (CS) or a deep learning-based super-resolution approach to that low-resolution form of full wavefields data.
In this research, we applied a deep learning-based super-resolution technique on a large synthetic dataset of full wavefields of propagating Lamb waves in low-resolution format on a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate. The developed deep learning approach is elaborated, and the results acquired from the deep learning-based process are compared with the conventional CS approach. The developed deep learning-based super-resolution approach is evaluated with two evaluation metrics namely peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson CC) and has achieved promising results. It is concluded that the developed deep learning-based method outperforms the traditional CS approach, and the deep learning-based approach for super-resolution can improve the speed of data acquisition by SLDV.
Acetobacter pomorum
in the
Drosophila
gut microbiota buffers against host metabolic impacts of dietary preservative formula and batch variation in dietary yeast
Authors: Sannino David R. , Dobson Adam J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Gut microbiota are fundamentally important for healthy function in animal hosts.
Drosophila melanogaster
is a powerful system for understanding host-microbiota interactions, with modulation of the microbiota inducing phenotypic changes that are conserved across animal taxa. Qualitative differences in diet, such as preservatives and dietary yeast batch variation, may affect fly health indirectly via microbiota, and may potentially have hitherto uncharacterized effects directly on the fly. These factors are rarely considered, controlled, and are not standardized among laboratories. Here, we show that the microbiota’s impact on fly triacylglyceride (TAG) levels—a commonly-measured metabolic index—depends on both preservatives and yeast, and combinatorial interactions among the three variables. In studies of conventional, axenic, and gnotobiotic flies, we found that microbial impacts were apparent only on specific yeast-by-preservative conditions, with TAG levels determined by a tripartite interaction of the three experimental factors. When comparing axenic and conventional flies, we found that preservatives caused more variance in host TAG than microbiota status, and certain yeast-preservative combinations even reversed effects of microbiota on TAG. Preservatives had major effects in axenic flies, suggesting either direct effects on the fly or indirect effects via media. However,
Acetobacter pomorum
buffers the fly against this effect, despite the preservatives inhibiting growth, indicating that this bacterium benefits the host in the face of mutual environmental toxicity. Our results suggest that antimicrobial preservatives have major impacts on host TAG, and that microbiota modulates host TAG dependent on the combination of the dietary factors of preservative formula and yeast batch.

IMPORTANCE

Drosophila melanogaster
is a premier model for microbiome science, which has greatly enhanced our understanding of the basic biology of host-microbe interactions. However, often overlooked factors such as dietary composition, including yeast batch variability and preservative formula, may confound data interpretation of experiments within the same lab and lead to different findings when comparing between labs. Our study supports this notion; we find that the microbiota does not alter host TAG levels independently. Rather, TAG is modulated by combinatorial effects of microbiota, yeast batch, and preservative formula. Specific preservatives increase TAG even in germ-free flies, showing that a commonplace procedure in fly husbandry alters metabolic physiology. This work serves as a cautionary tale that fly rearing methodology can mask or drive microbiota-dependent metabolic changes and also cause microbiota-independent changes.
Synergistic effects of sequential light treatment with 222-nm/405-nm and 280-nm/405-nm wavelengths on inactivation of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Chen Hanyu , Moraru Carmen 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Light-based technologies of different wavelengths can inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, but each wavelength has its limitations. This work explores the potential of sequential treatments with different wavelengths for enhancing the disinfection performance of individual treatments by employing various bactericidal mechanisms. The effectiveness, inactivation kinetics, and bactericidal mechanisms of treatments with 222/405, 280/405, and 405 nm alone against
Escherichia coli
O157:H7,
Listeria monocytogenes
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Salmonella
Typhimurium, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
were evaluated. Inactivation experiments were performed in thin liquid bacterial suspensions that were treated either individually with 48 h of 405-nm light or sequentially with (i) 30 s of 222-nm far-UV-C light, followed by 48 h of 405-nm light, or (ii) 30 s of 280-nm far-UV-C light, followed by 48 h of 405-nm light. Survivors were recovered and enumerated by standard plate counting. All inactivation curves were non-linear and followed the Weibull model (0.99 ≥
R
2
≥ 0.70). Synergistic effects were found for
E. coli
,
L. monocytogenes
, and
S
. Typhimurium, with maximum inactivation level increases of 2.9, 3.3, and 1.1 log CFU after the sequential treatments, respectively. Marginal synergy was found for
S. aureus
, and an antagonistic effect was found for
P. aeruginosa
after sequential treatments. Significant differences in reactive oxygen species accumulation were found (
P
< 0.05) after various treatment combinations, and the performance of sequential treatments was correlated with cellular oxidative damage. The sequential wavelength treatments proposed demonstrate the potential for enhanced disinfection of multiple foodborne pathogens compared with individual wavelength treatments, which can have significant food safety benefits.

IMPORTANCE
Nonthermal light-based technologies offer a chemical-free method to mitigate microbial contamination in the food and healthcare industries. However, each individual wavelength has different limitations in terms of efficacy and operating conditions, which limits their practical applicability. In this study, bactericidal synergism of sequential treatments with different wavelengths was identified. Pre-treatments with 280 and 222 nm enhanced the disinfection performance of follow-up 405-nm treatments for multiple foodborne pathogens by inducing higher levels of cellular membrane damage and oxidative stress. These findings deliver useful information for light equipment manufacturers, food processors, and healthcare users, who can design and optimize effective light-based systems to realize the full potential of germicidal light technologies. The results from the sequential treatments offer practical solutions to improve the germicidal efficacy of visible light systems, as well as provide inspiration for future hurdle disinfection systems design, with a positive impact on food safety and public health.
Unveiling the regulatory mechanisms of salicylate degradation gene cluster
cehGHIR4
in
Rhizobium
sp. strain X9
Authors: Ke Zhijian , Zhu Qian , Zhang Mingliang , Gao Siyuan , jiang Mingli , Zhou Yidong , Qiu Jiguo , Cheng Minggen , Yan Xin , Wang Jinbo , Hong Qing 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

In a previous study, the novel gene cluster
cehGHI
was found to be involved in salicylate degradation through the CoA-mediated pathway in
Rhizobium
sp. strain X9 (Mol Microbiol 116:783–793, 2021). In this study, an IclR family transcriptional regulator CehR4 was identified. In contrast to other regulators involved in salicylate degradation,
cehR4
forms one operon with the gentisyl-CoA thioesterase gene
cehI
, while
cehG
and
cehH
(encoding salicylyl-CoA ligase and salicylyl-CoA hydroxylase, respectively) form another operon.
cehGH
and
cehIR4
are divergently transcribed, and their promoters overlap. The results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting showed that CehR4 binds to the 42-bp motif between genes
cehH
and
cehI
, thus regulating transcription of
cehGH
and
cehIR4
. The repeat sequences IR1 (5′-
TTTATATAAA
-3′) and IR2 (5′-
AATATAGAAA
-3′) in the motif are key sites for CehR4 binding. The arrangement of
cehGH
and
cehIR4
and the conserved binding motif of CehR4 were also found in other bacterial genera. The results disclose the regulatory mechanism of salicylate degradation through the CoA pathway and expand knowledge about the systems controlled by IclR family transcriptional regulators.

IMPORTANCE

The long-term residue of aromatic compounds in the environment has brought great threat to the environment and human health. Microbial degradation plays an important role in the elimination of aromatic compounds in the environment. Salicylate is a common intermediate metabolite in the degradation of various aromatic compounds. Recently,
Rhizobium
sp. strain X9, capable of degrading the pesticide carbaryl, was isolated from carbaryl-contaminated soil. Salicylate is the intermediate metabolite that appeared during the degradation of carbaryl, and a novel salicylate degradation pathway and the involved gene cluster
cehGHIR4
have been identified. This study identified and characterized the IclR transcription regulator CehR4 that represses transcription of
cehGHIR4
gene cluster. Additionally, the genetic arrangements of
cehGH
and
cehIR4
and the binding sites of
CehR4
were also found in other bacterial genera. This study provides insights into the biodegradation of salicylate and provides an application in the bioremediation of aromatic compound-contaminated environments.
PlzD modifies
Vibrio vulnificus
foraging behavior and virulence in response to elevated c-di-GMP
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Pu Meng , Subramanian Sundharraman , Kearns Dan , Rowe-Magnus Dean 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Some marine bacteria can swim at speeds exceeding 50× their body length per second as they actively seek out fleeting microscale nutrient patches. Yet, even in vast marine environments, most micro-organisms live in surface-associated biofilm communities. Such astonishing speeds can pose a serious challenge to initiating biofilm formation, and our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate deceleration is lacking. Calcium, a major constituent of marine ecosystems, promotes biofilm formation in the marine bacterium and opportunistic human pathogen
Vibrio vulnificus
by increasing cellular levels of the key secondary signaling molecule bis-(3´-5´)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Here, we show that elevated c-di-GMP levels inhibit
V. vulnificus
swimming motility and identify a PilZ domain protein, PlzD, that mediates this effect. PlzD is localized at the flagellar pole in slow-moving, initially adherent, and mature biofilm cells. This positioning was partly dependent on the flagellar stator protein PomA and was regulated by c-di-GMP. Mutating the conserved RXXXR c-di-GMP binding motif of the PilZ domain abrogated PlzD activity. Single-cell tracking of bacterial swimming trajectories revealed that PlzD altered the foraging behavior of cells by slowing swimming speed and by decreasing the number of directional changes, ultimately limiting exploration of the surrounding 3D space. The cumulative effects were increased biofilm formation, aggregation, oyster colonization, and attenuated virulence in mice, phenotypes underpinning the evolution of
V. vulnificus
as a resilient environmental organism and potent human pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

Many free-swimming bacteria propel themselves through liquid using rotary flagella, and mounting evidence suggests that the inhibition of flagellar rotation initiates biofilm formation, a sessile lifestyle that is a nearly universal surface colonization paradigm in bacteria. In general, motility and biofilm formation are inversely regulated by the intracellular second messenger bis-(3´-5´)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Here, we identify a protein, PlzD, bearing a conserved c-di-GMP binding PilZ domain that localizes to the flagellar pole in a c-di-GMP-dependent manner and alters the foraging behavior, biofilm, and virulence characteristics of the opportunistic human pathogen,
Vibrio vulnificus
. Our data suggest that PlzD interacts with components of the flagellar stator to decrease bacterial swimming speed and changes in swimming direction, and these activities are enhanced when cellular c-di-GMP levels are elevated. These results reveal a physical link between a second messenger (c-di-GMP) and an effector (PlzD) that promotes transition from a motile to a sessile state in
V. vulnificus
.
A rabies-related lyssavirus from a
Nycticeinops schlieffeni
bat with neurological signs, South Africa
Authors: Viljoen Natalie , Ismail Arshad , Weyer Jacqueline , Markotter Wanda 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the coding-complete sequence of a lyssavirus, provisionally designated Phala bat lyssavirus (PBLV), characterized using a metagenomics approach. PBLV was identified in a
Nycticeinops schlieffeni
bat that exhibited neurological signs and died within 24 hours of admission to a wildlife rehabilitation center in Phalaborwa, South Africa.