bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological Properties of Rice Starch Dispersions in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Shon Kwang‐Joon , Lim Seung‐Taik , Yoo Byoungseung 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe steady and dynamic shear rheological properties of rice starches dispersed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution (90% DMSO‐10% water) were evaluated at various concentrations (7, 8, 9 and 10%, w/w). Rice starch dispersions in DMSO solution at 25°C showed a shear‐thinning flow behavior (n=0.44–0.60) and their consistency index (K) and apparent viscosity (ηa,100) increased with the increase in concentration. The apparent viscosity over the temperature range of 25–70°C obeyed the Arrhenius temperature relationship, indicating that the magnitudes of activation energy (Ea) were in the range of 11.7–12.7 kJ/mol. The Carreau model provided better fit on the shear rate‐apparent viscosity data than the Cross model. Dynamic frequency sweep test showed that both storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) of rice starch dispersions increased with the increase in concentration. G′′ showed a higher dependence on frequency (ω) compared to G′ due to the higher G′′ slopes. All rice starch dispersions showed the plateau of G′ at high frequencies. Intrinsic viscosity of rice starch dispersions in DMSO was 104.1 mL/g.
Silber‐Nano‐Cluster in einer plasmapolymeren Releaseschicht. Silver nano cluster in a plasma polymer release layer
Authors: Salz D. , Wagener M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDas Problem mangelhafter Haftung und schlechter chemischer Stabilität von Silber‐Nanoteilchen kann durch eine Einbettung in eine plasmapolymere Matrix gelöst werden. Aufgrund der hohen Permeabilität der Matrix ist ein Silberionenaustausch mit der Oberfläche möglich, so dass diese Schichten eine sehr gute anti‐bakterielle Wirkung aufweisen. Für eine klinische Anwendungsstudie wurden Wundauflagen mit dieser Beschichtung ausgerüstet, die dort ein ausgezeichnetes Resultat lieferten.
Design und Herstellung selektiver Dünnschichtabsorber auf Silberinselbasis. Design and fabrication of selective multilayer absorber based on silver island films
Authors: Heger Petra , Stenzel Olaf , Kaiser Norbert 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDie Kombination eines Metallinselfilms mit einem dielektrischen Schichtsystem stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Herstellung von wellenlängenselektiven Absorptionsfiltern dar. Fällt Licht auf einen Metallinselfilm, werden Oberflächenplasmonen angeregt, und es kommt zu einer starken Lichtabsorption. Die Plasmonenresonanzfrequenz hängt von der Größe und Form der Inseln ab, die durch die Herstellungsparameter beeinflussbar sind.Zum Verständnis dieser Systeme wurden als erstes einzelne Silberinselfilme, eingebettet in Al2O3, hergestellt und mittels Spektralphotometer untersucht. Die gewonnenen Spektren erlauben die Bestimmung der optischen Konstanten der Silberinselfilme und zeigen, dass die einzelnen Inselfilme ein maximales Absorptionsvermögen von ca. 40 % besitzen. Bettet man nun diese Silberinselfilme in ein dielektrisches Interferenzschichtsystem ein, erreicht der Absorptionspeak einen Wert von fast 100 %. Dies wird am Beispiel von einem Silberinselfilm in einem Al2O3/TiO2‐Dünnschichtsystem demonstriert.
Case management to improve major depression in primary health care: a systematic review
Authors: GENSICHEN J. , BEYER M. , MUTH C. , GERLACH F. M. , VON KORFF M. , ORMEL J. 
Published: August 2005

Background. Deficits in the care of depression lead to poor medication adherence, which increases the risk of an unfavourable outcome for this care. This review evaluates effects on symptoms and medication adherence of case management in primary health care.Method. A systematic literature search was performed. The quality of the studies was rated according to the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group (EPOC) criteria. To conduct a subgroup analysis interventions were classified as either ‘standard’ or ‘complex’ case management.Results. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. In a meta-analysis we calculated a standard mean difference/effect size on symptom severity after 6–12 months of −0·40 (95% CI −0·60 to –0·20). Patients in the intervention groups were more likely to achieve remission after 6–12 months [relative risk (RR) 1·39, 95% CI 1·30–1·48]. The relative risk for clinical response was 1·82 (95% CI 1·68–2·05). Patients in intervention groups had better medication adherence than the control group (RR 1·5, 95% CI 1·28–1·86). We found heterogeneous results when assessing effects of different types of intervention.Conclusions. We conclude that case management improves management of major depression in primary health-care settings.
Reduced hyperpolarization in endothelial cells of rabbit aortic valve following chronic nitroglycerine administration
Authors: Kusama Nobuyoshi , Kajikuri Junko , Yamamoto Tamao , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Suzuki Yoshikatsu , Katsuya Hirotada , Itoh Takeo 
Published: August 2005

This study was undertaken to determine whether long‐term in vivo administration of nitroglycerine (NTG) downregulates the hyperpolarization induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in aortic valve endothelial cells (AVECs) of the rabbit and, if so, whether antioxidant agents can normalize this downregulated hyperpolarization.
ACh (0.03–3 μM) induced a hyperpolarization through activations of both apamin‐ and charybdotoxin‐sensitive Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (KCa) in rabbit AVECs. The intermediate‐conductance KCa channel (IKCa) activator 1‐ethyl‐2‐benzimidazolinone (1‐EBIO, 0.3 mM) induced a hyperpolarization of the same magnitude as ACh (3 μM).
The ACh‐induced hyperpolarization was significantly weaker, although the ACh‐induced [Ca2+]i increase was unchanged, in NTG‐treated rabbits (versus NTG‐untreated control rabbits). The hyperpolarization induced by 1‐EBIO was also weaker in NTG‐treated rabbits.
The reduced ACh‐induced hyperpolarization seen in NTG‐treated rabbits was not modified by in vitro application of the superoxide scavengers Mn‐TBAP, tiron or ascorbate, but it was normalized when ascorbate was coadministered with NTG in vivo.
Superoxide production within the endothelial cell (estimated by ethidium fluorescence) was increased in NTG‐treated rabbits and this increased production was normalized by in vivo coadministration of ascorbate with the NTG.
It is suggested that long‐term in vivo administration of NTG downregulates the ACh‐induced hyperpolarization in rabbit AVECs, possibly through chronic actions mediated by superoxide.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 487–497. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706363
De novo synthesis and accumulation of apoplastic proteins in leaves of heavy metal‐exposed barley seedlings
Authors: BLINDA A. , KOCH B. , RAMANJULU S. , DIETZ K.‐.J. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe leaf apoplast is a site of preferential accumulation of heavy metals in the shoot when barley seedlings are grown in the presence of cadmium, nickel or zinc in hydroponic medium. It was shown recently that apoplastic protein content increased concomitantly in plants grown in the presence of high Zn (Brune et al. 1994, Journal Experimental Botany 45, 1189). Here it is demonstrated that apoplastic proteins increase to an even greater extent in Ni‐treated plants, and that the response is intermediate for Cd‐treated plants. The paper focuses on possible causes for the increase in apoplastic proteins. (1) Synthesis of cell wall proteins was studied by in vivo pulse labelling of leaf proteins with 35S methionine followed by extraction of extracellular polypeptides. Depending on growth conditions and leaf age, 1–6% of the protein synthesized de novo in the leaf was allocated to the extractable protein fraction of the leaf apoplast. Under control conditions, labelling reached its maximum after 2 h; labelling continued to rise in Ni‐treated plants, where the maximum level of final labelling was reached only after several hours. Labelling decreased with leaf age and increased proportionally with Ni concentration in the nutrient solution. (2) Autolysis experiments on extracted apoplastic proteins and in situ digestion of infiltrated ovalbumin revealed a low proteolytic activity in the apoplast which was not altered in heavy metal‐treated leaves. (3) Following a sudden application of Ni to the growth medium, protein content and peroxidase activity increased with a 48 h delay and approached the level obtained for continuously Ni‐treated plants, even in previously fully expanded leaf tissue. It is concluded that altered cell wall structure is probably not involved in increasing the extraction yield of apoplastic proteins. (4) The increase in extractable apoplastic proteins was also not due to inhibited ionical or covalent immobilization of proteins in the cell wall matrix of heavy metal‐challenged plants. (5) Northern blotting revealed heavy metalinduced upregulation of mRNA levels of selected apoplastic proteins. Taken together, the data provide evidence for a transcriptional or translational level of regulation as the main cause of the strong response of apoplastic proteins to heavy metal stress.
The clinical relevance of sensitization to pollen‐related fruits and vegetables in unselected pollen‐sensitized adults
Authors: Osterballe M. , Hansen T. K. , Mortz C. G. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  Previous studies have described cross‐reactivity between fresh fruits, vegetables and pollen. However, no data demonstrates the clinical relevance of sensitization to pollen‐related fruits and vegetables in unselected pollen‐sensitized adults with and without symptoms in the pollen season.Objective:  The aim of this study was to estimate the clinical relevance of sensitization to pollen‐related fruits and vegetables in unselected pollen‐sensitized adults and to examine the diagnostic value of skin‐prick test (SPT), histamine release and specific IgE compared with the outcome of oral challenge.Methods:  In total, 936 unselected adults (female : male 479 : 457, median age 33.7 years) were examined for pollen sensitization and clinical cross‐reactivity with pollen‐related fruits and vegetables by questionnaire, SPT, histamine release, specific IgE and oral challenge.Results:  The prevalence of pollen sensitization was 23.8% (n = 223). The probability of a clinical reaction to pollen‐related foods in the respective pollen‐sensitized groups was: 24% (birch), 4% (grass), 10% (mugwort), 35% (birch + grass), 8% (grass + mugwort) and 52% (birch + grass + mugwort). The odds ratio of a clinical reaction to pollen‐related fruits and vegetables in symptomatic pollen‐sensitized adults was as high as four times (birch + grass) the odds ratio of a clinical reaction in asymptomatic pollen‐sensitized adults.Conclusion:  This study not only demonstrates a high prevalence of clinical reactions to fruits and vegetables in pollen‐sensitized adults, but also a discrepancy between the prevalence of sensitization to fruits and vegetables and the clinical relevance in different pollen‐sensitized groups with symptoms in the pollen season as a significant factor.
Idiopathic Epilepsies with a Monogenic Mode of Inheritance
Authors: Steinlein Ortrud K. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:Idiopathic epilepsies account for ∼40% of all epileptic diseases. For a long time, it has been known that genetic factors play a major role in the etiology of these diseases. Although oligogenic or polygenic inheritance is suspected in most of the common syndromes, a few rare idiopathic epilepsies are single‐gene disorders. They offer a chance to identify candidate genes that also may be involved in epilepsies with complex inheritance. In recent years, major progress has been made regarding the analysis of genetic factors in idiopathic epilepsy. For the first time, gene defects could be linked to two idiopathic epilepsies. Mutations in the CHRNA4 gene, which codes for the α4 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, lead to autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, a rare idiopathic partial epilepsy syndrome. Two highly homologous voltage‐gated potassium channels, KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, were found to be mutated in benign familial neonatal convulsions.
Mouse Models of Spike‐Wave Epilepsy
Authors: Barclay Jane , Rees Michele 
Published: August 2005

Summary:The mouse is a well‐established model for human genetic disorders. An increasing number of single‐gene human diseases are being elucidated through the use of mouse models. Recently genes for three of the six well‐characterised single‐locus models for human spike‐wave epilepsy have been isolated and published. The tottering mouse has been shown to be due to mutations in the gene encoding the high voltage‐activated α1A calcium channel subunit. The lethargic mouse has been shown to be due to mutations in the gene encoding another calcium channel subunit, β4. The slow‐wave epilepsy mouse phenotype is the result of loss of function of the ubiquitous sodium hydrogen exchanger NHEI. These genes and the pathways they are involved in are now candidates for human spike‐wave epilepsy. The six mouse models and those genes underlying the spike‐wave phenotype are discussed in conjunction with how these mutations were discovered and how they may give rise to the seizure phenotypes. Several nonepilepsy human neurologic disorders have been shown to be allelic with the tottering mouse. The question this raises as to the validity of these models for human spike‐wave epilepsy is considered. Finally, the effect these discoveries will have on the understanding and treatment of human spike‐wave epilepsy are discussed.
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy of Unverricht‐Lundborg Type
Authors: Lehesjoki Anna‐Elina , Koskiniemi Marjaleena 
Published: August 2005

Summary:Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht‐Lundborg type (EPM1) is characterized by onset at age 6–15 years, stimulus‐sensitive myoclonus, tonic‐clonic seizures, and typical EEG findings, with marked sensitivity to photic stimulation. Previously the course of the disease was progressive throughout the life, and no biochemical or pathologic marker existed for the diagnosis of EPM1. With modern anticonvulsive therapy, the prognosis has improved significantly, the symptoms are nowadays relatively well controlled, and the disease may not always progress. Moreover, the molecular genetic findings have now made possible an etiologic diagnosis of EPM1. The positional cloning strategy was applied to identify the gene whose defects are responsible for EPM1. The underlying gene encodes cystatin B, a cysteine protease inhibitor. The major mutation worldwide is an unstable expansion of a dodecamer minisatellite repeat unit in the promoter region of the cystatin B gene. In addition, five “minor” mutations have been described. Cystatin B mutations are now known to account for both Mediterranean myoclonus and for “Baltic” myoclonus, described mainly from Finland, thus solving a long‐term controversy and proving that these two disorders are one single disease entity. The pathogenetic mechanisms in EPM1 are yet unknown, but in the majority of patients, a reduced level of the cystatin B gene product seems to be the primary mechanism in the pathology. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of EPM1 may lead to the development of specific therapies for the disease.
Is the Sleep‐deprivation EEG a Burden for Both Child and Parent?
Authors: Nijhof Sanne L. , Bakker Annelies L. M. , Van Nieuwenhuizen Onno , Oostrom Kim , Van Huffelen Alexander C. 
Published: August 2005

Summary:  Background and Purpose: Inducing sleep deprivation is supposed to increase interictal epileptic discharges on EEGs from children suspected of having epilepsy. Although it is supposed that depriving a child from sleep is a burden for both child and parent, this assumption has not been investigated in any study so far. Methods: To analyze the perception of the sleep deprivation procedure, we developed two questionnaires, one for the parent and one for the child over ten years of age at the time of the SDEEG. These questionnaires were sent to parents of all 179 patients and 47 children (older than ten) from which a SDEEG was obtained because of suspected epilepsy. A total of 103 questionnaires were returned by the parents and 18 by the children. The extent to which the SDEEG turned out to be inconvenient was assessed with regard to issues that covered the psychological and physical impact of the SDEEG. Results: Our results showed that the whole procedure of the SDEEG proved to be a burden for 18.6% of the parents and 23.5% of the children. 49.6% of the parents reported complaints including their child‐ like fatigue, illness and in 2 cases even an increase in seizure frequency. Overall, 47.1% of the children described having symptoms the next day. These consisted mainly of fatigue. Conclusion: Our survey shows that the SDEEG places a notable burden on both parent and child. This should be taken into consideration before requesting an SDEEG.
Status Gelasticus after Temporal Lobectomy: Ictal FDG‐PET Findings and the Question of Dual Pathology Involving Hypothalamic Hamartomas
Authors: Palmini Andre , Van Paesschen Wim , Dupont Patrick , Van Laere Koen , Van Driel Guido 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose:To present the first ictal fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) evidence of the hypothalamic origin of gelastic seizures in a patient with a hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) and to raise the issue oftruedual pathology related to this entity.Methods:Ictal FDG‐PET was acquired during an episode of status gelasticus with preserved consciousness, in a patient previously operated on for complex partial seizures (CPSs) due to a temporal lobe epileptogenic cyst.Results:Ictal hypermetabolism was localized to the region of the HH during the status gelasticus. CPSs had been completely eliminated after temporal lobe surgery.Conclusions:Ictal FDG‐PET independently confirmed that gelastic seizures in patients with HH do originate in the diencephalic lesion. An HH may coexist with another epileptogenic lesion, in a context of dual pathology.
Pattern‐reversal Visual Evoked Potentials in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy
Authors: Genç Bülent O. , Genç Emine , Güney Figen , İlhan Nurhan 
Published: August 2005

Summary:  Purpose: The possible occurence of evoked potential (EP) abnormalities in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy has been little investigated. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate possible changes in pattern‐reversal visual evoked potential (P‐VEP) responses in newly diagnosed epilepsy patients. Methods: By using P‐VEPs, latency values of the N75 and P100 together with amplitude values of P100 were recorded in newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy patients. The patients comprised two groups; nonphotosensitive (non‐PS), and photosensitive (PS) patients. Results: Shortened N75 and normal P100 latencies of the P‐VEP with higher than normal P100 amplitudes were detected in PS patients. In non‐PS patients, N75 latencies of the P‐VEPs were unaffected; however, P100 latencies were prolonged, and P100 amplitudes were unchanged. Conclusions: P‐VEPs are different from those of controls in previously untreated idiopathic epilepsy patients. Results also indicate different P‐VEP features in patients with and without photoparoxysmal responses. The changes might be the result of a disorder of one or more neurotransmitters or subtle morphologic damage such as microdysgenesis.
Evidence‐based emergency medicine at the ‘coal face’
Authors: Than Martin , Bidwell Susan , Davison Carol , Phibbs Rebecca , Walker Marg 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhile evidence‐based medicine may be trumpeted by zealots, managers and politicians, incorporating it into clinical practice is easier said than done. The present article aims to show that it can be achieved and gives some clinical examples to illustrate this. An appendix contains a summary of useful databases and websites for accessing good medical information and evidence, quickly and reliably near the bedside.
Evidence‐based medicine: Arguments for and against
Authors: Doherty Steven 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this article I will discuss the various definitions of evidence‐based medicine (EBM), and summarize the application, criticisms and limitations of EBM. The spectrum of evidence, from pathophysiological inference to randomized controlled trials, will be presented as a mechanism for filtering bias with more rigorous evidence being required when bias is more likely. Although randomized controlled trials and meta‐analyses are at the top of the evidence hierarchy, they are not always necessary, might not be the most appropriate forms of evidence for some clinical questions, and have their own limitation that need to be understood. Best available evidence, applied to individual patients, is the corner stone of EBM. Although there are valid criticisms and limitations of EBM, if these are understood then the practice of EBM can provide guidance to the clinician and enhance patient care.
Diagnostic use of C‐reactive protein in bacteraemic emergency department patients
Authors: Adams Nicholas G 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:  To assess C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of bacteraemia in ED patients.Methods:  A retrospective review of a convenience sample of adult patients was conducted at an urban, tertiary care, academic ED. Patients were included in the present study if they had CRP and blood cultures taken during their ED assessment. Neutropenic patients were excluded. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios for CRP in the detection of bacteraemia were calculated.Results:  Over a 12 month period 1214 patients were included in the present study. Blood cultures were positive in 77 (6.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.0–7.6%), and contaminated in 33 (2.7%, 95% CI 1.8–3.6%). An elevated CRP was 94% sensitive (95% CI 86–98%) and 18% specific (95% CI 16–20%) for concurrent bacteraemia. The positive likelihood ratio for bacteraemia with an elevated CRP was 1.15 (95% CI 1.07–1.23), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.33 (95% CI 0.23–0.49).Conclusion:  Although the present study has limitations, it appears to show that CRP has limited diagnostic utility for the detection of bacteraemia in ED patients.
Acceptability of compulsory powers in the community: the ethical considerations of mental health service users on Supervised Discharge and Guardianship
Authors: Canvin K , Bartlett A , Pinfold V 
Published: August 2005

Objectives:To explore mental health service users’ views of existing and proposed compulsory powers.Design:A qualitative study employing in-depth interviews. Participants were asked to respond to hypothetical questions regarding the application of compulsory powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 for people other than themselves.Setting:Community setting in Southeast England.Participants:Mental health service users subject to Supervised Discharge/Guardianship.Results:Participants considered that the use of compulsory powers was justified if there were some ultimate benefit, and if there was evidence of mental health problems, dangerousness, or a lack of insight. However, participants rejected intrusions into their autonomy and privacy.Conclusions:This paper’s participants indicated that the proposed CTO may be unacceptable because it would threaten service users’ autonomy. Service users’ acceptance of proposed changes is conditional and they emphasised the importance of consent; there is no suggestion that consent will be required for the CTO. The findings also have implications for the exploration of mental health service users’ views and how they might contribute to policy, service planning, and research.