bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and simplified design rules concerning the moisture performance of capillary active insulation materials
Authors: Zirkelbach D , Tanaka E , Schöner T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Conventional interior insulation systems protect the wall from condensation in winter by the help of vapor barriers or vapor retarding insulation materials. However, these solutions also reduce the drying potential of the walls towards the inside. This can be a disadvantage if wetting from the outside due to rain or other influences takes place and the drying potential to the outside is not sufficient. In such cases, so called capillary active materials can be an alternative, because they provide additional drying potential to the inside in summer thanks to a rather low vapor diffusion resistance. In winter they work without vapor retarders because they can store and wick water away from the condensation plane back towards the interior by capillary action. In practice, there are currently many different materials under the label "capillary active" with a correspondingly wide range in terms of moisture storage, liquid transport and vapor diffusion resistance and it is difficult to decide, whether material is suitable for an application or not. There is still missing a common definition of the performance of such materials. While for most other materials already simplified design and application rules for the application as interior insulation are available, capillary active interior insulation materials still require an individual design, normally by the help of hygrothermal simulation. In order to simplify also their practice application, a classification of the moisture performance of capillary active interior insulation, considering the influencing parameters of relevance on the moisture level at the critical interface between wall and interior insulation was developed. On this basis, also a simplified verification process as well as design rules for the main practical application fields become possible, which allows designers to choose an appropriate system for the specific situation.
Performance of Bio-based Products for Interior Insulation of Solid Masonry Walls
Authors: Rode Carsten , Jensen Nickolaj Feldt , Møller Eva B. , Hansen Kurt Kielsgaard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A recent Danish project has studied the possibilities of using bio-based materials for interior insulation of solid brick walls, without the use of a vapour barrier. The purpose was to give indications of the possibility to use hygroscopic insulation material in positions as interior insulation, where it is known to be potentially vulnerable to moisture accumulation. Three bio-based thermal insulation materials were investigated: loose-fill cellulose insulation (two variants) and hemp fibre insulation commercially available in Denmark. The hygrothermal performance of the three insulation materials for internal retrofitting purposes was investigated in a large-scale experiment comprising several solid masonry walls. The test walls were built in an outdoor test field north of Copenhagen, and exposed to a controlled indoor climate. The experiments were conducted over 1 year and 9 months where moisture measurements were done in several locations within the walls, including the interface between insulation and masonry, as well as in embedded wooden components such as a beam end and a wall plate. The paper illustrates the results from experiments with or without a hydrophobizing treatment on the exterior surface as causes of moisture content in potentially critical places in the walls. Finally, some results from mould growth determinations are reported. Generally, high levels of moisture content were found in the interior insulation, particularly for non-hydrophobized walls, but critical mould growth conditions were found only in the case of one of the tested materials.
Hygrothermal performance of a CLT Ice Sports Arena in a Nordic climate
Authors: Skagseth Vegard A. , Andenæs Erlend , Aas Bjørn , Lobaccaro Gabriele , Kvande Tore 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Indoor ice sports arenas are complex buildings that typically consume large amounts of energy. The energy is mainly used to freeze the ice rink and to keep the indoor air temperature and relative humidity at appropriate levels. Reducing the energy consumption and the carbon footprint from construction, operation, and material use, presents certain challenges from a building physics point of view. These challenges are especially prominent if the ice sports arena is operated in a climate featuring summer seasons that are warmer than the indoor air temperature and winter seasons that are colder. This study investigates the hygrothermal performance of an ice sports arena built using cross-laminated timber (CLT), located in Sandefjord, Norway. Hygrothermal simulations of the exterior wall were conducted and analysed using WUFI. Locally retrieved weather data is compared to WUFI simulations done in the design process, which were based on Moisture Design Reference Year (MDRY) files for Oslo. The moisture performance of the wall as built is investigated for three different indoor temperatures. Modifications to the wall to improve moisture performance are also investigated. Results indicate that the MDRY files do not accurately reflect the climate on site. The performance of the wall assembly is found to depend greatly on indoor temperature. For indoor temperatures colder than 12 °C, substantial condensation and moisture problems are predicted during summer. None of the investigated modifications are found to sufficiently increase the moisture performance of the wall. Drastic measures may be required to improve moisture safety.
Hygrothermal properties of hollow brick masonry used in veneer
Authors: Karjala P , Tuurala I , Tuominen E , Valovirta I , Vinha J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The material properties of a brick masonry are important when modelling or comparing different veneers. The effect of mortar joint, however, is somewhat an unknown variable. In this study, two different firing batches of a hollow burnt-clay brick product were tested for thermal conductivity, water vapor permeability, water absorption coefficient and capillary moisture content. Brick and mortar materials were tested both exclusively and as masonry specimens. The effect of brick-mortar interface was within margin of error for the first brick batch with slightly lower density, while batch two water vapor permeability, water absorption coefficient and capillary moisture content were noticeably affected. The effect of brick-mortar interface seems to be dependent on brick properties. The differences in hygric properties between brick batches were large, but below 100 %. Accounting for mortar using area weighted properties can improve modelling accuracy, but other factors such as workmanship, degradation and brick batch differences are likely more important.
Determining the net present global warming potential of energy saving measures in buildings
Authors: Petersen Arnkell Jonas , Thiis Thomas Kringlebotn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A framework for evaluating the net present global warming potential (GWP) of an energy saving measure is presented, based on an already established LCA methodology. The framework establishes a connection between the emissions from materials, energy, and the expected time horizon of the impact on energy use. The framework is designed to be used as a decision-support tool by practitioners to evaluate the GWPNP impact of a design decision. This has broad relevance as decisions on building standards are often based upon a cost-efficiency approach, e.g. The European Energy performance of buildings directive (EPDB) requirement that building codes be based upon a cost-efficiency approach. And as the requirements are driven by cost there is no inherent balance between the GWP of the energy saved, and the GWP-investment in the measures that impact energy use. The proposed methodology is exemplified by applying it to investigate the optimum insulation thickness for typical wall construction for different locations/climates and time of installation in Norway and comparing these with current industry standards.
Exploring the health and energy savings dilemma in swimming facilities and the potential influence of Positive Energy Districts
Authors: Mattsson Moa , Olofsson Thomas , Nair Gireesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Positive energy districts (PED) are neighborhoods with a net positive energy balance with the main goal to create sustainable districts that contribute to the energy transition. The three pillars energy efficiency, renewable energy, and energy flexibility forms the foundation of PEDs, and ‘Quality of life’ is one of the key principles.
Indoor swimming facilities for recreation and sports, also called aquatic centers or swimming halls, are important for healthy lifestyles. They are highly energy-demanding facilities due to the large volumes and strict heating- and ventilation requirements to ensure the health of staff, visitors, and bathers. The large energy consumption indicates good potential to reduce their energy use. One possibility might be to include aquatic centers in PEDs: the district could support the facility with locally produced renewable energy. There are also studies that investigates innovative solutions regarding aquatic centers that might have potential to increase resilience and flexibility in the district.
However, one important aspect in studies on energy use in aquatic centers that is often neglected is the presence of disinfection by-products (DBP), which are found in the air and water of chlorinated swimming pools. Several DBPs can lead to health issues, such as asthma, eye irritation, and even cancer.
There are often conflicting goals in studies on swimming halls. The connection between DBP and energy is currently missing, and it could lead to projects compromising health over energy savings. Based on a literature review, this study highlights the research gap between DBPs and energy use in swimming facilities. A suggestion is also presented to integrate swimming halls into PEDs with the aim of increasing possibilities for a healthy lifestyle, supporting the aquatic center’s energy demand with renewable energy, and exploring new solutions for flexibility and resilience in the district.
A Critical Review of Lighting Design and Asset Management Strategies. Illuminating Practices and Lessons Learned for Swedish Public Libraries
Authors: Shen Jingchun , Zhang Xingxing , Mylly Nina , Lin Jing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Most lighting is only designed to meet the visual needs in most public library environments in Sweden. Although lighting-related impacts are relevant to six Unite Nations sustainability goals, some important lighting considerations, such as circadian phase disruption, mode and productivity impact, and energy-efficient operation, are missing in current lighting operating practices. Moreover, most of the current lighting asset management practice in public buildings remains “fix it if only it breaks”. With respect to people-centric health factors, visual index, and lighting asset energy-efficient operation, this study sublimates lighting into a new perspective. Finally, the suggested comprehensive lighting operating strategies integrating digital twins can help designers and operators in defining the optimal design/control strategy in public-built environments, like public library. Digital twin-based decision-making is expected to be applied to lighting design and control in public spaces that improves visual acuity and comfort, positively impact mood and productivity, and provides recommendations on engagement principles under Environment Social Governance (ESG) framework to asset manager/operators.
Sampled Value Optimization Based Bearing-only Localization
Authors: Huang Yushuang , Xu Ziqi , Tang Xiafei , Zou Yiqun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a sampled value optimization based estimator (SVOE) for bearing-only target localization (BTL). When the variances of the bearing noise are unknown, multiple measurements are made at the same sensor location. Then the sampled moments are calculated and used to establish a cost function. When the cost is minimized, the optimal is proven to be consistent and has the covariance proportional to the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the SVOE method over other methods.
A Method for Identifying Energy Consumption of Machine Tools Based on Integrated Models
Authors: Xie Yang , Dai Yiqun , Gao Shangshang , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The uncertainty of the dynamic change process of expenditure of energy from machine tools seriously hinders the development of an intelligent and green manufacturing industry. In response to the multifaceted impact of identification methods in the process of energy consumption change, the difficulty of extracting high-quality features, and the complexity and nonlinearity of energy consumption curves, an identification method for predicting the energy consumption of machine tools based on integrated models was proposed. Taking CNC milling as an example, the model of energy consumption based on different cutting periods was established, which was then trained and predicted by using the preprocessing signal based on Random forest (RF). Meanwhile, the RF was used to identify the cutting stages and realize the energy consumption classification prediction. The advantage and availability of this method have been demonstrated through practical cases, and it has been verified that this recognition method can accurately predict different operating states and energy consumption of each stage on machine tools.
Enabling intelligent HVSR loose fault diagnosis based on vibration perception
Authors: Zhao Changwei , Huang Weiming , Qian Yucheng , Yang Haitao , Liu Zhongyong , Mao Lei , Li Shaofei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The significance of high-voltage shunt reactors (HVSRs) in ensuring the reliability of power grids is widely acknowledged. Nevertheless, the persistent mechanical vibrations experienced by HVSR can loosen vital components such as windings, iron cores, and bolt fasteners. If the mechanical loose fault cannot be detected and mitigated timely, the vibration will be further aggravated, which tends to cause additional detects such as overheating and discharge, even fire disasters. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose loose faults in high-voltage shunt reactors. This study presents a unique data-driven method that utilizes optimal vibration test location selection and a densely connected neural network (DenseNet) for diagnosing loose faults in shunt reactors. Firstly, we integrate the least square method and R-square to explore the fault sensitivity of the vibration signal collected in different locations on the external tank surface, based on which the optimal vibration test points can be determined. Then the vibration data acquired in the selected points are input into the DenseNet model to achieve high-precise loose fault detection and diagnosis for high-voltage shunt reactor. Furthermore, with test data collected from a 35 kV high-voltage shunt reactor, the diagnostic performance of the proposed method is verified and highlighted.
Research on the Application of Motor Field-Oriented Control in Vehicles
Authors: Jing Junchao , Yang Tianyu , Ma Qiaoli , Liu Yiqiang , Su Yangyang , Dai Zhengxing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The motor application of the FOC strategy of the hybrid system in this text is the battery heat control. The specific contents are as below: SVPWM control. SVPWM is based on the three-phase symmetrical sine wave voltage supply and three-phase symmetrical motor stator ideal flux circle as a reference standard, with different switching modes of three-phase inverter for appropriate switching, to form PWM wave and to form the actual flux vector to track its accurate flux circle. By applying reactive voltage with high-frequency variation and using the FOC control strategy, the inductance characteristic of the motor winding is constantly utilized to generate alternating current on the bus. By taking advantage of the high internal resistance of the cell at low temperatures, the joule heat is constantly generated on the cell. While avoiding the risk of lithium analysis of the cell, heat is generated from the cell itself, and the temperature of the cell is raised. The vehicle results are conducted and show that the battery heat performance is enhanced.
Research on the Physical Reproduction Method of Single-phase Grounding Fault in 10 kV Distribution Network Based on Digital Mirroring
Authors: Yin Hui , Zheng Ge , Wang Shizhe , Chen Peng , Wu Yan , Gao Wenpeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is necessary to construct a physical reproduction environment that conforms to the actual working conditions of single-phase grounding faults in 10 kV distribution networks, to effectively verify the single-phase grounding fault disposal capability of distribution automation equipment. In this article, a physical reproduction method of a single-phase ground fault in distribution networks based on digital mirroring is proposed. A digitized mirror model of a single-phase ground fault of a 10 kV distribution network is constructed. The system architecture for equivalent physical reproduction of single-phase grounding fault characterization is designed. Then the solutions to the critical technical problems in the realization are proposed. The reproduced single-phase ground fault signal was applied in the functional verification work of the first and second fusion distribution equipment. The experimental results show that the single-phase grounding fault in the 10 kV distribution network reproduced by this method comprehensively verifies the correct rate of the equipment for the single-phase ground fault disposal as well as the ability to prevent false action. Moreover, the reasons for the failure of the equipment s single-phase grounding fault disposal function were discovered.
Judgment Logic of 10 kV Line Trunk Power Failure Based on Association Rules
Authors: Wei Wenting , Chai Yufeng , Cai Bing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the traditional 10 kV line trunk outage fault judgment logic which mainly adopts the fixed receiver to collect the emergency repair work instructions and is susceptible to the influence of restrictive logic transmission, resulting in the problem of low fault judgment feedback integrity, it is necessary to design a new association rule-based 10 kV line trunk fault judgment logic. The association rules are used to generate the trunk fault judgment strategy, clarify different fault judgment attributes, and calculate the importance of the association rules by the improved Apriori algorithm. Combined with the spatial information service and the basic application service, the information interaction is realized through the bus exchange to generate the optimization logic of the 10 kV trunk fault judgment and complete the trunk fault judgment. The results of the example analysis show that the designed trunk line outage judgment logic has high feedback integrity, which proves that the designed outage judgment logic is effective and reliable with a certain application value, and makes a certain contribution to reducing the risk of trunk line outage.
Offshore Wind Power Transmission Decision-making Based on Grey Correlation and Topsis
Authors: Li Zhichuan , Qi Lei , Sun Zhaoheng , Chen Shi , Liu Xiaoyan , Xiao Shi , Wang Yong , Chen Juan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the profound transformation of the global energy structure, the development and utilization of wind energy have become the focus of global attention. The offshore wind power industry has ushered in a historic development opportunity and China’s offshore wind power industry has entered the fast track of development. However, due to the variety of transmission schemes available for offshore wind power, there are many differences in the economy, reliability, environment, risk, and other aspects of different transmission schemes, so it is difficult to make the optimal decision. To comprehensively compare the advantages and disadvantages of different transmission schemes in actual scenarios, this paper first identifies their influencing factors to obtain an evaluation index system and uses the entropy weight method to determine the index weight based on the index evaluation data of typical offshore wind power transmission projects at home and abroad, and the grey correlation method and TOPSIS method are integrated to build a comprehensive evaluation model suitable for offshore power transmission. Finally, the scientific and rigorous nature of the research method and model is verified by example analysis. The optimal decision comprehensive evaluation model constructed in this paper can realize scientific and comprehensive evaluation of offshore wind power transmission schemes and has important decision-making significance for the selection of transmission schemes in different scenarios.
An Exquisite Modeling Method for Energy Storage of MMC
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Jiang Wenjin , Huang Xianan , Tu Xiazhe , Yang Yanwei , Shen Yu , Liu Qiaomei , Que Dingfei , Zheng Wendi , Liu Zhiyuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
At present, battery energy storage systems are available in increasingly higher voltage levels and capacities. The traditional topology cannot meet the demand, and the converter needs to adopt the multilevel voltage topology. In this paper, an exquisite equivalent modeling method for energy storage modular multilevel converter (MMC) is proposed. In this method, the model parameters of the bridge arm and battery pack are obtained by the Kalman filtering algorithm and improved recursive least square method. Secondly, the whole bridge arm is equivalent by using Thevenin’s theorem, and the simplified equivalent modeling of the whole bridge arm is realized. Time domain simulation results show that this method can achieve fine equivalent modeling of energy-storage MMC, reduce the number of electrical nodes in the simulation circuit, and greatly reduce the amount of calculation.
Comparison of tensile strain capacity models of oil and gas pipelines
Authors: Zhang Zhenyong , Liu Yuqing , Deng Liang , Zhang Dong , Fu Yaru , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the field of strain-based pipeline design, the widely used pipeline tensile strain capacity models mainly include CSA Z662, PRCI-CRES, and EXXON MOBIL. In this paper, the methods for calculating the ultimate tensile strain, toughness, and other key parameters of various models are emphatically introduced, and their applicable ranges are compared. Ninety-six sets of full-scale test and curved wide plate test data are collected in this paper. The prediction accuracy of various tensile strain capacity models under different steel grades is compared and verified by the test results. The CSA Z662 model has few parameters to consider, the TSC prediction value is relatively low, and EXXON MOBIL has more nonconservative situations when the strain is less than 4%. The PRCI-CRES model has the highest prediction accuracy.