bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis provides insights into the origin and evolution of East Asian evergreen broad‐leaved forests
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Yuchang , Liu Bing , Lu Limin , Sauquet Hervé , Li Dezhu , Chen Zhiduan 
Published: January 2024

Summary

Evergreen broad‐leaved forests (EBLFs) are dominated by a monsoon climate and form a distinct biome in East Asia with notably high biodiversity. However, the origin and evolution of East Asian EBLFs (EAEBLFs) remain elusive despite the estimation of divergence times for various representative lineages.

Using 72 selected generic‐level characteristic lineages, we constructed an integrated lineage accumulation rate (LAR) curve based on their crown ages.

According to the crown‐based LAR, the EAEBLF origin was identified at least as the early Oligocene (c. 31.8 million years ago (Ma)). The accumulation rate of the characteristic genera peaked at 25.2 and 6.4 Ma, coinciding with the two intensification periods of the Asian monsoon at the Oligocene – Miocene and the Miocene – Pliocene boundaries, respectively. Moreover, the LAR was highly correlated with precipitation in the EAEBLF region and negatively to global temperature, as revealed through time‐lag cross‐correlation analyses.

An early Oligocene origin is suggested for EAEBLFs, bridging the gap between paleobotanical and molecular dating studies and solving conflicts among previous estimates based on individual representative lineages. The strong correlation between the crown‐based LAR and the precipitation brought about by the Asian monsoon emphasizes its irreplaceable role in the origin and development of EAEBLFs.
The effectiveness of interventions on changing caregivers' feeding practices with preschool children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jian , Chang Yan‐Shing , Wei Xiaoxue , Cao Yang , Winkley Kirsty 
Published: January 2024

SummaryCaregivers' feeding practices are critical in shaping preschool children's eating habits and preventing childhood obesity. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of existing interventions targeting caregivers of preschool children, which aimed to promote child healthy eating and/or manage child weight and/or prevent child nutrition‐related problems and included feeding practices as one of the outcomes. Eighteen studies with 18 intervention programs and 3887 respondents that completed baseline evaluations were eligible for data synthesis. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) frequently used included the following: instruction on how to perform the behavior and demonstration of the behavior. The pooled effects of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on pressure to eat (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.61; 95%CI: −1.16, −0.06), use of food as a reward (pooled SMD = −0.31; 95%CI: −0.61, −0.01), and emotional feeding (pooled SMD = −0.36; 95%CI: −0.66, −0.06) were found statistically significant compared with control groups at post‐intervention. However, there were no pooled effects on restrictive feeding and pressure to eat at other follow‐ups or on other feeding practices at post‐intervention. Interventions may have short‐term effects on decreasing the adoption of coercive control. Future interventions should directly and adequately optimize feeding practices, include components of individual support, and contribute to the maintenance of the effects over the long term.
Drought mitigates the adverse effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis rather than growth: A global meta‐analysis considering plant functional types
Authors: Shang Bo , Agathokleous Evgenios , Calatayud Vicent , Peng Jinlong , Xu Yansen , Li Shuangjiang , Liu Shuo , Feng Zhaozhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTropospheric ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic air pollutant adversely affecting plant growth. High O3 exposures are often concurrent with summer drought. The effects of both stresses on plants are complex, and their interactions are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate whether drought can mitigate the negative effects of O3 on plant physiology and growth based on a meta‐analysis. We found that drought mitigated the negative effects of O3 on plant photosynthesis, but the modification of the O3 effect on the whole‐plant biomass by drought was not significant. This is explained by a compensatory response of water‐deficient plants that leads to increased metabolic costs. Relative to water control condition, reduced water treatment decreased the effects of O3 on photosynthetic traits, and leaf and root biomass in deciduous broadleaf species, while all traits in evergreen coniferous species showed no significant response. This suggested that the mitigating effects of drought on the negative impacts of O3 on the deciduous broadleaf species were more extensive than on the evergreen coniferous ones. Therefore, to avoid over‐ or underestimations when assessing the impact of O3 on vegetation growth, soil moisture should be considered. These results contribute to a better understanding of terrestrial ecosystem responses under global change.
Tomato plants expressing a stilbene synthase gene display genotype‐depending alterations in metabolome profile and antioxidant system
Authors: Barba‐Espín Gregorio , Díaz‐Vivancos Pedro , Pérez‐Caselles Cristian , Faize Lydia , Hernández José A. , Pedreño Mª Angeles , Alburquerque Nuria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the present work, we report a study on tomato Micro‐Tom lines expressing the Vitis vinifera StSy1 cDNA encoding stilbene synthase under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic lines (T1 plants) were evaluated in terms of vegetative and reproductive development, fruit production, the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes, and the metabolome profile in both leaves and fruit juices. Trans‐resveratrol and glycosylated derivates accumulated in some of the transgenic lines generated, the concentration of both compounds being higher in the leaves than in the fruit juices. Vegetative development was enhanced by transformation, whereas fruit production decreased, and fruit soluble solids content (°Bx) increased. Remarkably, trans‐resveratrol content in leaves and fruit juices showed no correlation with the expression levels of StSy1. An alteration of the metabolome profile and antioxidant enzyme activities was recorded in most of the transgenic lines. In tomato fruit juices, the variation between the wild type and transgenic lines was attributed to a major number of differentially expressed metabolites as compared to that observed in the leaves. In this sense, the major changes corresponded to an induction of phenylpropanoid pathway‐related compounds in the lines accumulating trans‐resveratrol. Transgenic lines producing resveratrol showed, overall, an imbalanced antioxidant metabolism characterized by higher superoxide dismutase (H2O2‐producing enzyme) activity and lower H2O2‐scavenging enzyme activities. This work contributes to deciphering the biochemical consequences of StSy1 introduction in tomato and opens up prospects for further characterization of the transformants.
Manifesting symbolic representation through collaborative policymaking
Authors: Mewhirter Jack , McLaughlin Danielle , Calfano Brian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCollaboration is a widely employed strategy for addressing “wicked” policy problems. While scholars have long recognized that the organizational composition of collaborative forums can have a dramatic impact on the efficacy and equity of associated forum outputs, little is known about whether such composition impacts the manner in which everyday citizens perceive forum processes and/or participating organizations. In this article, we bridge and extend concepts from the collaborative governance and representative bureaucracy literatures, arguing that when forums attract sufficient membership from organizations that citizens perceive as reflective of their own or their community's interests—what we refer to as “forum representation”—those citizens will have more positive perceptions toward all participating organizations. Conversely, failing to achieve sufficient representation can result in degraded perceptions. While there are theoretically multiple ways to increase forum representation, we focus on one potential pathway: the inclusion of civil society organizations in policy‐making processes. Empirically, we assess whether heightened representation of civil society groups within a specific collaborative policing forum impacts citizens' perceptions of the main participating agency—the police department—finding that greater knowledge of this highly representative forum results in positive spillover effects.
The enhanced emotional negativity bias in parents of atypically developing children: Evidence from an event‐related potentials study
Authors: Huang Jun , Wu Haidong , Jiang Jun , Yang Linhui , Li Kuiliang , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParents of atypically developing children such as parents of children with ASD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability experience higher levels of parenting stress than parents of typically developing children. However, whether they possess enhanced emotional negativity bias was unclear. In the present study, 28 parents of typically developing children and 29 parents of atypically developing children were recruited. The emotional Stroop task and event‐related potentials were adopted to measure their emotional negativity bias, in which participants were required to respond to the borders' color of face pictures. Behaviorally, the impact of parenting stress on emotional negativity bias was not found. At the electrophysiological level, the P2 differential amplitude (negative minus positive) was greater in parents of atypically developing children than in parents of typically developing children, reflecting an enhanced early attentional bias toward negative faces. N2 amplitude for the emotionally negative face was smaller than the positive face in parents of atypically developing children, indicating a too weak attentional control to inhibit distractors. Furthermore, sustained attention to negative faces was observed in parents of atypically developing children, that is, the emotionally negative face elicited greater frontal P3 (300 ~ 500 ms) than the positive faces. These findings revealed that compared to parents of typically developing children, parents of atypically developing children owned an enhanced emotional negativity bias at the early and late stages of information processing.
Frontline nurses' experiences of managing visitor restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a Danish university hospital – Lessons learned
Authors: Ågård Anne Sophie , Rasmussen Gitte Susanne , Mainz Hanne , Gregersen Merete , Vedelø Tina Wang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide visitor restrictions forced nurses to separate patients from their relatives. However, the experience of implementing shifting restrictions from the frontline nurses' perspectives in a Danish context has yet to be assessed.AimThe aim of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore frontline nurses' experiences of managing shifting visitor restrictions in a Danish somatic university hospital during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsAn online questionnaire, including open‐ended questions, was developed. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.Findings116 nurses from 29 departments participated; they were informed about restrictions primarily by their charge nurses and hospital intranet. Shifting visitor restrictions compelled the nurses to constantly adjust and negotiate their practices. When deciding to suggest deviating from the restrictions, they shared their decision‐making with colleagues. Visitor restrictions left the hospital environment quieter, but they also created a lack of overview and predictability, an emotional burden, and a negative impact on the quality of care.ConclusionRestricting relatives' access challenged the nurses' professional values, and it seems to have affirmed their appreciation of relatives' role as important partners in contemporary hospital‐based health care.
Studying personality and social structure
Authors: Antonoplis Stephen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeople's personalities are expressed and develop amidst a range of social structures, such as laws, social networks, cultural practices, and institutions, which produce and maintain hierarchies in society. In turn, the purpose and form of social structures are impacted by people's personalities. Yet, research on how personality and social structure interact is still rare. Here, I introduce theoretical framework that can help guide research on this topic. I first define personality and social structure and then use concepts from theoretical work on person–environment transactions to describe how personality and social structure interact. I highlight selection, manipulation, evocation, and socialization as transactions between personality and social structure through which hierarchies are enhanced or attenuated. Supported by this conceptual work, I describe two examples of dynamics in which personality and social structure reinforce each other in the U.S.: Conscientiousness and voting, and Openness and protest. Finally, to motivate future research, I propose novel questions that psychologists can ask about how personality and social structure interact, and I address possible limitations of the framework.
It's a wonderful NHS? A counterfactual perspective on the creation of the British National Health Service
Authors: Powell Martin , Greener Ian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile there have been some studies of counterfactual analysis in history and other academic disciplines, there are very few studies in social policy and health policy. This paper explores a major critical juncture and counterfactual in the creation of the NHS. In particular, it explores the critical juncture of the discussion in the Labour Cabinet involving Bevan's proposal for nationalising the hospitals and Morrison's alternative proposal based on local government, and the counterfactual of Prime Minister Attlee summing up in favour of Morrison. It reviews the literature on the criteria for counterfactuals, and justifies the focus on the Cabinet Discussion, as this was a considered option which, with minimum change, might have led to significantly different outcomes. We consider how such an event could have come about, how credible that alternative was, and what its implications might have been.
Young Chinese female body skin pigmentation map: A pilot study
Authors: Han Yuqing , Zhang Yexiang , Li Benyue , Yang Jie , Qi Yunji , Liu Qi , Chang Sisi , Zhao Hua , Pan Yao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost studies have discussed variations in facial skin colour based on age, gender, and anatomical site within a specific ethnic group. However, skin pigmentation on the body is also a concern for many people.AimThe aim of this study is to gather baseline data for Chinese young females, conduct a comprehensive assessment of body skin pigmentation, and create a body skin pigmentation map.MethodIndividual type angle (ITA°) was registered by CL 400 and melanin index (MI) was registered by MX 18 in 100 body points of 20 Chinese females. A total of 12,000 measurements were recorded.ResultOur results showed significant differences among the symmetrical points on both sides of the body, including the clavicle, inner wrists, groin, inner ankle, elbow, armpit, waist side, the space between the thumb and index finger, instep, back shoulder, and popliteal space. Of all the points tested on the body, the points with the most severe skin pigmentation were the back of the neck, the heel, the elbow, and the popliteal space.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive study of skin pigmentation conducted on the human body. In young Chinese women, the points with the most severe skin pigmentation were the back of the neck, heels, elbows, and the popliteal space.
Mapping cognitive place associations within the United Kingdom through online discussion on Reddit
Authors: Berragan Cillian , Singleton Alex , Calafiore Alessia , Morley Jeremy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper explores cognitive place associations; conceptualised as a place‐based mental model that derives subconscious links between geographic locations. Utilising a large corpus of online discussion data from the social media website Reddit, we experiment on the extraction of such geographic knowledge from unstructured text. First we construct a system to identify place names found in Reddit comments, disambiguating each to a set of coordinates where possible. Following this, we build a collective picture of cognitive place associations in the United Kingdom, linking locations that co‐occur in user comments and evaluating the effect of distance on the strength of these associations. Exploring these geographies nationally, associations were shown to be typically weaker over greater distances. This distance decay is also highly regional, rural areas typically have greater levels of distance decay, particularly in Wales and Scotland. When comparing major cities across the UK, we observe distinct distance decay patterns, influenced primarily by proximity to other cities.
Geometry of the logarithmic Hodge moduli space
Authors: de Cataldo Mark Andrea , Herrero Andres Fernandez , Zhang Siqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe show the smoothness over the affine line of the Hodge moduli space of logarithmic ‐connections of coprime rank and degree on a smooth projective curve with geometrically integral fibers over an arbitrary Noetherian base. When the base is a field, we also prove that the Hodge moduli space is geometrically integral. Along the way, we prove the same results for the corresponding moduli spaces of logarithmic Higgs bundles and of logarithmic connections. We use smoothness to derive specialization isomorphisms on the étale cohomology rings of these moduli spaces; this includes the special case when the base is of mixed characteristic. In the special case where the base is a separably closed field of positive characteristic, we show that these isomorphisms are filtered isomorphisms for the perverse filtrations associated with the corresponding Hitchin‐type morphisms.
Neural coordination of bilateral hand movements: evidence for an involvement of brainstem motor centres
Authors: Dietz Volker , Holliger Nicole Sarah , Christen Andrin , Geissmann Marina , Filli Linard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBilateral hand movements are assumed to be coordinated by a neural coupling mechanism. Neural coupling is experimentally reflected in complex electromyographic (EMG) responses in the forearm muscles of both sides to unilateral electrical arm nerve stimulation (ES). The aim of this study was to examine a potential involvement of the reticulospinal system in neural coupling by the application of loud acoustic stimuli (LAS) known to activate neurons of this system. LAS, ES and combined LAS/ES were applied to healthy subjects during visually guided bilateral hand flexion–extension movements. Muscle responses to the different stimuli were evaluated by electrophysiological recordings. Unilateral electrical ulnar nerve stimulation resulted in neural coupling responses in the forearm extensors (FE) of both sides. Interestingly, LAS evoked bilateral EMG responses that were similar in their configuration to those induced by ES. The presence of startles was associated with a shift of the onset and enhanced amplitude of LAS‐induced coupling‐like responses. Upon combined LAS/ES application, ES facilitated ipsilateral startles and coupling‐like responses. Modulation of coupling‐like responses by startles, the similarity of the responses to ES and LAS, and their interaction following combined stimulation suggests that both responses are mediated by the reticulospinal system. Our findings provide novel indirect evidence that the reticulospinal system is involved in the neural coupling of hand movements. This becomes clinically relevant in subjects with a damaged corticospinal system where a dominant reticulospinal system leads to involuntary limb coupling, referred to as associated movements.
imageKey points
Automatic coordination of hand movements is assumed to be mediated by a neural coupling mechanism reflected by bilateral reflex responses in forearm muscles to unilateral electrical arm nerve stimulation (ES).
Loud acoustic stimuli (LAS) were applied to assess a potential involvement of the reticulospinal system in the neural coupling mechanism.
LAS evoked a bilateral reflex response in the forearm extensors that was similar to the neural coupling response to ES, and which could be separated from the acoustic startle response.
Combined application of LAS and ES resulted in a facilitation of startle and coupling‐like responses ipsilateral to ES, thus indicating an interaction of afferences from both stimuli.
These novel findings provide indirect evidence that the reticulospinal system is a key motor structure for the coupling of bilateral hand movements.
Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Automated Knee Segmentation in Medical Imaging: A Performance Evaluation
Authors: Ghidotti Anna , Vitali Andrea , Regazzoni Daniele , Cohen Miri Weiss , Rizzi Caterina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Segmentation of anatomical components is a major step in creating accurate and realistic 3D models of the human body, which are used in many clinical applications, including orthopedics. Recently, many deep learning approaches have been proposed to solve the problem of manual segmentation, which is time-consuming and operator-dependent. In the present study, SegResNet has been adapted from other domains, such as brain tumors, for knee joints, in particular, to segment the femoral bone from magnetic resonance images. This algorithm has been compared to the well-known U-Net in terms of evaluation metrics, such as the Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance. In the training phase, various combinations of hyperparameters, such as epochs and learning rates, have been tested to determine which combination produced the most accurate results. Based on their comparable results, both U-Net and SegResNet performed well in accurately segmenting the femur. Dice similarity coefficients of 0.94 and Hausdorff distances less than or equal to 1 mm indicate that both models are effective at capturing anatomical boundaries in the femur. According to the results of this study, SegResNet is a viable option for automating the creation of 3D femur models. In the future, the performance and applicability of SegResNet in real-world settings will be further validated and tested using a variety of datasets and clinical scenarios.