bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CPT: An Introduction
Authors: Evans Malcolm D , An Rod Moro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The origins of the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture (ECPT) lie in a proposal, inspired by Jean-Jacques Gautier and the Swiss Committee for the Prevention of Torture (SCAT, now renamed the Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT)), for the adoption of an optional protocol to the United Nations Convention Against Torture (the UNCAT). The so-called ‘Costa Rican’ draft optional protocol was first presented to the UN Commission on Human Rights (CHR) in 1980 but it was understood from the outset that it would not be considered until after the UN Convention itself had been adopted. This took place in 1984 but it was not until 1991 that a revised draft optional protocol was submitted to the CHR and an open-ended working group is still engaged in the process of agreeing a text to be put forward for adoption.
Reconciling Five Competing Conceptual Structures of IndigenousPeoples’ Claims in International and Comparative Law
Authors: Kingsbury* Benedict 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On what conceptual foundations do legal claims made by indigenous peoples rest? Uncertainty on this issue has had the benefit of encouraging the flowering of multiple approaches, but it has also done much to heighten national dissensus on questions involving indigenous peoples, and it has been a serious obstacle to negotiation in the United Nations (UN) and the Organization of American States (OAS) of proposed Declarations on the Rights of indigenous Peoples. This chapter seeks to clarify the debate by distinguishing and exploring five fundamentally different conceptual structures employed in claims brought by indigenous peoples or members of such groups:
International Restatements and National Law
Authors: Goode Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is indeed a privilege to be invited to contribute to this collection of essays in honour of Lord Goff, who has made his impress on law and lawyers in so many ways. His profound legal knowledge has never inhibited Robert Goff from blazing a trail, from overthrowing the dead hand of precedent where a new approach was required. This has been particularly evident in the field of unjust enrichment, a subject which, with Professors Gareth Jones and Peter Birks, he made into an established branch of English law, in (no doubt respectful) defiance of the views of Lord Diplock, who was not prepared to recognize any general doctrine of unjust enrichment in English law.
Regulatory Competition and the Global Coordination of Labour Standards
Authors: Charny* David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter develops a framework for analysing regulatory competition in labour standards. The analysis proceeds from two premises. First, assessment of regulatory competition in labour standards must be keyed to the economic impacts of the specific legal standard at issue. Although this is obvious enough stated abstractly, many economic analyses of labour standards model these standards generically as causing a per unit increase in the cost of labour. In fact, the characterization of the economic impact of a standard is rarely so simple. A more refined analysis generates a typology of labour regulations and suggests that many standards should not be problematic in the context of jurisdictional competition, because these standards reduce labour costs or, at least, do not increase them.
Nonfinite Structures in Theory and Change
Authors: Gary Miller D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book investigates the precise nature of nonfinite structures and explores the ways in which they change. Gary Miller examines a broad range of structures, including traditional infinitives, gerunds, and participles, across different Indo-European (and some non-Indo-European) languages now and in the past. As structures which are nonfinite in some languages are not so in others, the question arises whether the concept 'nonfinite' has any meaning or explanatory power. In seeking an answer to this conundrum, the author shows that infinitives with subject person agreement, such as in West Greenlandic, Modern Greek, Portuguese, Welsh, and Hungarian, share properties with prototypical nonfinite formations. Professor Miller examines languages with morphologically marked tense on infinitives, including Ancient Greek and Latin, and Modern Turkish. He demonstrates that nonfinite structures that can be assigned non-structural (inherent or semantic) case differ systematically from those with either structural or no case. The book concludes with a substantial history of infinitives, gerunds, and participles in Old and Middle English, which reveals why and how nonfinite structures change and vary over time. Gary Miller¹s innovative theoretical reasoning and the wide range of evidence on which it is brought to bear make this book a considerable contribution to the understanding of grammatical change and its formal expression, as well as to the history of English.
Introduction
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y , Dixon R M W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume consists of studies of the relationship between areal diffusion and the genetic development of languages from a number of critical parts of the world. In part, they follow up on some of the ideas in Dixon’s essay The Rise and Fall of Languages (1997) —including the punctuated equilibrium model for language development —although in fact they range considerably beyond this.
The Role of the Syllable in Speech Perception and Production
Authors: Segui Juan , Ferrand Ludovic 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade, as shown by the articles in this volume, the syllable has come to enjoy a privileged status as a critical unit in phonology both from a linguistic (e.g. Clements and Keyser 1983, Fudge 1969, Kaye 1989, Selkirk 1982) and a psycholinguistic (e.g. Cutler et al. 1986, Levelt and Wheeldon 1994, Mehler et al. 1981, Meyer 1990, Segui 1984, Segui, Dupoux, and Mehler 1990) perspective. In this chapter, we will argue that the syllable is a likely processing unit of speech perception and production in French whereas it might not be the case for English and Dutch.
Setting the scene: perspectives on the history of and policy for child and adolescent mental health services in the UK
Authors: Williams Richard , Kerfoot Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Underpinning our selection of the contents of this book is our assumption that its readers are seeking to develop or, at the least, to better understand child and adolescent mental health services. When doing either, there is a great temptation to get to grips immediately with the front line of provision of services with a view to examining what is happening there and what we would prefer to happen with a view to closing the gap between the two. While we agree that no one should forget that benefits to the public are usually delivered through relationships between them and practitioners, we also believe that the context in which patients, clients, users and their carers relate to staff of services is vital to the success of the whole enterprise. The context frames not only knowledge, skill, and attitudes but, most significantly, can exhort or hold back their acquisition and application, and also shapes the wishes, expectations, and demands of the public. Therefore, we start this text from a position that is about as remote from delivering healthcare as one can get. This is because this book is about the context of practice rather than about that practice itself.
The nature of strategy and its application in statutory and non-statutory services
Authors: Warner Morton , Williams Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strategy and strategic thinking have been around for a very long time. The writer of Proverbs 10 recognized ‘where there is no vision, the people perish’. Perhaps Noah was one of the first people recorded to have seen that strategy implementation is at least as important as strategic initiation. This early example provides another lesson as well—that it is at the least desirable, if not imperative, to develop strategy in response to need. An ark proved more useful than a camel train as the means of transport! Form must follow function.In this chapter, we will elucidate the nature of strategy, challenge often recounted conceptions of strategy as ‘academic’ or dry and impersonal, by showing how important are interpersonal skills to its formulation and implementation, and relate this to developing better child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS).We begin with the most challenging question.
European psychiatry: construction, destruction, and reconstruction
Authors: Shooter Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite a tendency for national isolationism, child and adolescent psychiatry has slowly developed a European perspective. Its history has been traced from the first signs of medical work with the ‘mental disorders of children’ in the second-half of the nineteenth century, through the expansion of the child guidance clinics in the 1920s, the first coining of the words ‘child psychiatry’ in 1933, the establishment of the first Chair, in Stockholm in 1958, the achievement of speciality or sub-speciality status in most Western European Countries by the end of the 1970s, to the foundation of the UEMS Specialist Section for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 1992/93.
Computer-assisted high Tibial Osteotomies
Authors: Ellis Randy E , Rudan John F , Harrison M M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is indicated for the relatively young and active patient who has painful unicompartmental knee arthrosis, especially an arthrosis due to an early stage of osteoarthritis. The intended outcome of the surgical procedure is to realign a bone in order to change the biomechanics of the knee joint, especially to change the force transmission through the joint. Such a procedure must be performed accurately, not only to create the desired geometries but also to provide biological environments for rapid and effective healing.
A History of the Treatment of Renal Failure by Dialysis
Authors: Cameron J Stewart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book tells the extraordinary story of how the function of the first - and so far almost the only - human organ was replaced by a machine, and the “artificial kidney” entered medical and public folk-lore. A practical artificial kidney, or dialyser, came about by advances in science followed by the acquisition of new synthetic materials which made the application of these ideas possible. However it was the dedication and persistence of a number of talented pioneers who pressed ahead against professional opposition tos achieve success, first in the treatment of temporary, recoverable kidney failure, and then permanent renal shut-down which made it a success. The apparent high cost and limited availability of this form of treatment immediately raised ethical questions which had never been questioned before, centering around equity of access to treatment, when and if treatment could be denied, and - worst of all - the agonising decision of when, once established, it should be stopped. Spiralling costs as the true number of people with kidney failure became evident raised major political and financial questions, which were addressed in different countries in different ways which reflected - but also helped change - patterns of how medical care is provided. In developed countries, the problem could be solved by allocating a disproportionate amount of money to the treatment of relatively few kidney patients, but in the developing world the cost of treatment still limits its availability, as it does all forms of modern health care. Nevertheless, today almost one million people world-wide are maintained alive following terminal kidney failure, two thirds of them by various forms of dialysis and the remainder bearing kidney transplants, almost always placed after a period on dialysis. The story is also the sum of the often heroic lives of these hundreds of thousands of patients, a few of whom have today been maintained alive and active for more than 35 years, and many of whom suffered known, but also unexpected complications as a result of their treatment.
An organizing clinical framework for mental health clinicians
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mental health clinicians have extensive skills to draw on. Positive outcomes can be achieved when these skills are integrated into a considered clinical plan based on principles of effective treatments. Of course, intensive training in the evidence-based treatments is desirable, but not necessary nor practical for all clinicians in a mental health service. The following tables are an outline of a clinical framework that is available to general mental health clinicians using existing workforce skills.
Teams
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People meeting diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder have tended to receive treatment that is fragmented and reactive. Poor outcomes have then been used as evidence of the inefficacy of treatment. A cohesive team structure, essential for all areas of mental health, is even more critical in this area. When life and death decisions need to be made, staff differences will frequently be evident. A cohesive team structure, integrated services and clearly defined guidelines assist these differences to be constructive rather than destructive.
In summary
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
+ General and risk assessment is highly individualized+ A detailed history of past and current suicidality and self-harm will provide benchmark information required to develop a longitudinal treatment plan and to guide crisis treatments+ An identified key clinician is at the core of the team The key clinician role is probably the most important staff role in the treatment and needs to be invested with accordingly high value and status Key clinicians need to be empowered to determine treatment The client-clinician relationship provides the foundation for effective treatment A clinical plan created by client and key clinician is at the core of treatment+ Contracts are important
In summary
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has been a stigma towards people meeting diagnostk criteria for borderline personality disorder within the mental health profession Negative or offensive language impacts on client outcomes Clinician values and feelings are critical determinants for effective treatment+ Stigmatization has led to discrimination, most evident in the paucity of intensive, proactive treatment for those most severely affected Often public mental health services only respond to this client group when they are suicidal. This encourages the very behaviours clinicians are trying to decrease
Medicolegal framework
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People meeting diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder represent a significant risk for clinicians and organizations providing service, particularly because of the possibility of suicide and complaints. Involvement of the media and other influential community people such as Members of Parliament increases this risk. Gutheil (1985) in the article “The medico legal pitfalls in the treatment of borderline patients” explains how a lack of understanding about optimal treatment choices and risks involved may lead to clinicians being blamed for ineffective treatment even when that treatment is of a satisfactory or better standard. In the event of an undesirable outcome, clinicians need to demonstrate that they practised according to a “reasonable practitioner standard”, not that they practised perfectly.
Clinical appropriateness of the use of mental health legislation
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Expert opinion is in agreement that use of mental health legislation should be considered an unusual part of treatment. Mental health legislation is generally invoked when a client states acute intention to suicide. When the client makes contact with mental health services, indicates imminent suicide intention and then declines treatment measures to enhance safety, the clinician has to either take a risk of the client suiciding or force treatment by means of mental health legislation. Training, experience and knowledge of the literature assist the discrimination of life-threatening and non-life-threatening suicidal statements (Stone 1993). Knowledge of the client with greatly assist in discriminating between these two states. If the client is not well known, it is wise to err on the side of caution. Like any other unusual treatment, use of mental health legislation needs to be monitored and locally peer reviewed.
Preventing clinician burn-out
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Work in this area is challenging. There is potential for clinician resentment, bitterness and exhaustion alongside the potential for meaningful, satisfying and rich experiences. The clinician may “explode”, “shrivel up” or quietly burn out if overwhelmed with demands exceeding resources and personal capacity. Alternatively, the clinician may be enhanced, enriched and energized if sufficiently on top of the situation. Successful outcomes are likely to be the major factor in maintaining enthusiasm. We may need to remind ourselves and our colleagues of those successes, particularly at times of difficulty. Holding a long-term perspective and being mindful of small gains is also likely to be beneficial. The more knowledge we have of setting up treatment which will enhance successful outcomes, the more the balance is shifted away from burn-out towards satisfaction.
Words of hope from clients
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Watson Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A word of advice to mental health professionals that cannot be stressed too strongly: don’t define people with borderline personality disorder too strongly by any textbook limitations you have read. I have exceeded my doctor’s expectations for improvement and he doesn’t know how far I can progress. For the most part I’ve stayed out of the hospital, maintain long-term full time employment, live independently, have a motor vehicle, and plan to pursue further educational opportunities. If I as one of the most chronic, regular, persistent visitors to emergency rooms in my community between the late 1980s and early 1990s, and as one of the most chronic hospital escapees, and write this editorial, I realized that despite the incredible stresses of the past year, I have not cut, burned nor bruised myself. I have not even considered doing so. In the midst of profound grief, shock, outrage, and fear, I did not consider SIV (self-inflicted violence). I did not need to. I had not made a promise to anyone, including myself to avoid SIV. I have always believed that if I need to cut, I need to cut. Survival always comes first. But I also can attest to the possibility of living without SIV, even in immensely difficult times. One after another, unexpectedly for most, I lost many I loved. My own healing had evolved to a place, however, wherein I did not consider SIV to help me cope with very deep and raw emotions and extremely difficult decisions.
Cognitive analytic therapy
Authors: Kerr Ian B , Ryle Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) is an integrative model of psychotherapy developed over recent decades by Ryle and subsequently further elaborated by others (Denman 2002; Ryle and Kerr 2002). Although devised as a brief therapy for ‘neurotic’ problems, it has become a mature model of development and psychopathology applicable to an expanding range of conditions. Committed to evidence-based practice, its origins lie partly in process research (Ryle 1980; Bennett and Parry 2003, 2004). Its evidence base is primarily naturalistic although formal outcome studies (notably for borderline personality disorder; BPD) are in progress.
Child and adolescent psychotherapy
Authors: Emanuel Ricky 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Winnicott famously said, ‘There is no such thing as a baby’. Similarly, children (I shall use this term to cover adolescents as well) cannot be realistically considered outside their context. When they are therefore referred for help, the approach has to be systemic, that is, viewing them in their own right, with their own difficulties and as members of a family, school, and com- munity, all of which may affect their difficulties or vice versa.
Cybernetic Theory of Stress, Coping, and Well-Being: Review and Extension to Work and Family
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cybernetic theory provides a useful general framework for understanding human behavior. Cybernetic theory was originally developed to describe the functioning of self-regulating systems (Ashby, 1966, Wiener, 1948). According to cybernetic theory, the purpose of self-regulating systems is to minimize discrepancies between environmental inputs and internal standards that serve as reference criteria. This purpose is achieved through the negative feedback loop, which assesses discrepancies between environmental input and internal standards and attempts to minimize these discrepancies by changing the environment, adjusting standards, or both. Cybernetic theory has been adapted to explain human behavior, often under the rubric of control theory (Carver and Scheier, 1981; Miller et al., 1960; Powers, 1973), and has been further elaborated to explain specific psychological and behavioral phenomena, such as motivation (Hyland, 1988; Klein, 1989; Lord and Hanges, 1987; Taylor et al., 1984), goal-setting (Campion and Lord, 1982), impression management (Bozeman and Kacmar, 1997), and mental and physical health (Hyland, 1987; Pyszczynski and Greenberg, 1987; Seeman, 1989).
Essential Skills for Dentists
Authors: Mossey Peter A , Holsgrove Gareth J , Stirrups David R , Davenport Elizabeth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is directed primarily at undergraduate dental students and the newly-qualified dentist but it will also be of value to medical and dental educationalists. In its concept and content it is closely aligned to recent developments in dental education in the United Kingdom by reference to the General Dental Council’s recommendations for the Undergraduate Dental Curriculum and the Quality Assurance Agency’s Benchmark Statements for Dentistry. This facilitates the description of Essential Skills for Dentists in the light of contemporary documentation, and the authors of the various chapters have been chosen on the basis of their clinical and educational expertise within the dental establishments of Great Britain and Ireland. The book is divided into three main sections dealing with generic skills, discipline specific skills, and integrated skills respectively, thus enabling comprehensive coverage with cross-referencing as appropriate. The core function of the book is to facilitate learning and by clearly defining the learning outcomes, using checklists for in-course formative assessment of defined clinical competencies and the use of mind maps to facilitate revision, the book aims to integrate the complementary relationship between learning and assessment. The topic-oriented layout of the book allows the graduate or trainee to dip into specific topics or subjects on a stand-alone basis, and references and further reading are provided to facilitate exploration of the subject in greater detail if desired.