bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edwardsiella ictaluri
T3SS effector EseN is a phosphothreonine lyase that inactivates ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and PDK1 and modulates cell death in infected macrophages
Authors: Koirala Ranjan , Fongsaran Chanida , Poston Tanisha , Rogge Matthew , Rogers Bryan , Thune Ronald , Dubytska Lidiya 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

EseN is an
Edwardsiella ictaluri
type III secretion system effector with phosphothreonine lyase activity. In this work, we demonstrate that EseN inactivates p38 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in infected head-kidney-derived macrophages (HKDMs). We have previously reported inactivation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Also, for the first time, we demonstrated that EseN is involved in the inactivation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), which has not been previously demonstrated for any of the EseN homologs in other species. We also found that EseN significantly affected mRNA expression of
IL-10
, pro-apoptotic
baxa
, and
p53
, but had no significant effect on anti-apoptotic
bcl2
or pro-apoptotic apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1. EseN is also involved in the inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3/7 but does not affect caspase-9 activity. Repression of apoptosis was further confirmed with flow cytometry using Alexa Fluor 647-labeled annexin V and propidium iodide. In addition, we found that the
E. ictaluri
T3SS is essential for the inhibition of IL-1β maturation, but EseN is not involved in this process. EseN did not affect cell pyroptosis, as indicated by the lack of EseN impact on the release of lactate dehydrogenase from infected HKDM. The transmission electron microscopy data also indicate that HKDM infected with WT or an
eseN
mutant died by apoptosis, while HKDM infected with the T3SS mutant more likely died by pyroptosis. Collectively, our results indicate that
E. ictaluri
EseN is involved in inactivation of ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and PDK1 signaling pathways that lead to modulation of cell death among infected HKDMs.

IMPORTANCE

This work has global significance in the catfish industry, which provides food for increasing global populations.
E. ictaluri
is a leading cause of disease loss, and EseN is an important player in
E. ictaluri
virulence. The
E. ictaluri
T3SS effector EseN plays an essential role in establishing infection, but the specific role EseN plays is not well characterized. EseN belongs to a family of phosphothreonine lyase effectors that specifically target host mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways important in regulating host responses to infection. No phosphothreonine lyase equivalents are known in eukaryotes, making this family of effectors an attractive target for indirect narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Targeting of major vault protein and PDK1 kinase by EseN has not been reported in EseN homologs in other pathogens and may indicate unique functions of
E. ictaluri
EseN. EseN targeting of PDK1 is particularly interesting in that it is linked to an extraordinarily diverse group of cellular functions.
The Activity of a Solar-Type Star TOI-1422 and Mass Loss of the Atmosphere of the Planet TOI-1422b
Authors: Savanov I. S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The results of the analysis of the activity of a solar type star G2V TOI-1422 are presented and estimates of the loss of atmospheric matter of the planet TOI-1422b are made. The planet can be attributed to the type of hot Neptunes. Compared to other exoplanets of a similar mass range, it is expected that the planet has an extensive gas envelope. According to the long-term photometric survey of Kamogata Wide-field Survey (KWS) the TOI-1422 activity was analyzed and the existence of possible activity cycles of 1650–1680 days and 2450 days was suggested. The probable value of the rotation period P of the star lies in the range of 27 (+19, –8) days, observations of the KWS survey in the V filter indicate the most possible value for the period P = 32 days. Mass loss of the planet’s atmosphere is determined using an approximation formula corresponding to the model of atmospheric loss with an energy restriction. To estimate the flux of XUV photons analytical dependences were used linking the flux values and the parameter $$\log R_{{{\text{HK}}}}^{'}$$. Calculations have shown that the atmosphere matter loss of TOI-1422b is $$\dot {M} = 9.4 \times {{10}^{8}}$$ g/s; considering the existing errors in determining the parameters of the atmosphere it lies in the range from $$6.8 \times {{10}^{8}}$$ to $$1.4 \times {{10}^{9}}$$ g/s, and considering the uncertainty in the value of the chromospheric activity index—from $$8.3 \times {{10}^{8}}$$ to $$1.1 \times {{10}^{9}}$$ g/s.
Interactive effects of ambient fine particulate matter and ozone on daily mortality in 372 cities: two stage time series analysis
Authors: Liu Cong , Chen Renjie , Sera Francesco , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Guo Yuming , Tong Shilu , Lavigne Eric , Correa Patricia Matus , Ortega Nicolás Valdés , Achilleos Souzana , Roye Dominic , Jaakkola Jouni JK , Ryti Niilo , Pascal Mathilde , Schneider Alexandra , Breitner Susanne , Entezari Alireza , Mayvaneh Fatemeh , Raz Raanan , Honda Yasushi , Hashizume Masahiro , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Gaio Vânia , Madureira Joana , Holobaca Iulian-Horia , Tobias Aurelio , Íñiguez Carmen , Guo Yue Leon , Pan Shih-Chun , Masselot Pierre , Bell Michelle L , Zanobetti Antonella , Schwartz Joel , Gasparrini Antonio , Kan Haidong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective

To investigate potential interactive effects of fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
) and ozone (O
3
) on daily mortality at global level.

Design
Two stage time series analysis.

Setting
372 cities across 19 countries and regions.

Population
Daily counts of deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease.

Main outcome measure

Daily mortality data during 1994-2020. Stratified analyses by co-pollutant exposures and synergy index (>1 denotes the combined effect of pollutants is greater than individual effects) were applied to explore the interaction between PM
2.5
and O
3
in association with mortality.

Results

During the study period across the 372 cities, 19.3 million deaths were attributable to all causes, 5.3 million to cardiovascular disease, and 1.9 million to respiratory disease. The risk of total mortality for a 10 μg/m
3
increment in PM
2.5
(lag 0-1 days) ranged from 0.47% (95% confidence interval 0.26% to 0.67%) to 1.25% (1.02% to 1.48%) from the lowest to highest fourths of O
3
concentration; and for a 10 μg/m
3
increase in O
3
ranged from 0.04% (−0.09% to 0.16%) to 0.29% (0.18% to 0.39%) from the lowest to highest fourths of PM
2.5
concentration, with significant differences between strata (P for interaction <0.001). A significant synergistic interaction was also identified between PM
2.5
and O
3
for total mortality, with a synergy index of 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.47 to 3.34). Subgroup analyses showed that interactions between PM
2.5
and O
3
on all three mortality endpoints were more prominent in high latitude regions and during cold seasons.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest a synergistic effect of PM
2.5
and O
3
on total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, indicating the benefit of coordinated control strategies for both pollutants.
PM2.5exposure, glycemic markers and incidence of type 2 diabetes in two large Indian cities
Authors: Mandal Siddhartha , Jaganathan Suganthi , Kondal Dimple , Schwartz Joel D , Tandon Nikhil , Mohan Viswanathan , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Narayan K M Venkat 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionExposure to fine particulate matter has been associated with several cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. However, such evidence mostly originates from low-pollution settings or cross-sectional studies, thus necessitating evidence from regions with high air pollution levels, such as India, where the burden of non-communicable diseases is high.Research design and methodsWe studied the associations between ambient PM2.5levels and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 12 064 participants in an adult cohort from urban Chennai and Delhi, India. A meta-analytic approach was used to combine estimates, obtained from mixed-effects models and proportional hazards models, from the two cities.ResultsWe observed that 10 μg/m3differences in monthly average exposure to PM2.5was associated with a 0.40 mg/dL increase in FPG (95% CI 0.22 to 0.58) and 0.021 unit increase in HbA1c (95% CI 0.009 to 0.032). Further, 10 μg/m3differences in annual average PM2.5was associated with 1.22 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.36) times increased risk of incident T2DM, with non-linear exposure response.ConclusionsWe observed evidence of temporal association between PM2.5exposure, and higher FPG and incident T2DM in two urban environments in India, thus highlighting the potential for population-based mitigation policies to reduce the growing burden of diabetes.
Quality standards for the management of alcohol-related liver disease: consensus recommendations from the British Association for the Study of the Liver and British Society of Gastroenterology ARLD special interest group
Authors: Parker Richard , Allison Michael , Anderson Seonaid , Aspinall Richard , Bardell Sara , Bains Vikram , Buchanan Ryan , Corless Lynsey , Davidson Ian , Dundas Pauline , Fernandez Jeff , Forrest Ewan , Forster Erica , Freshwater Dennis , Gailer Ruth , Goldin Robert , Hebditch Vanessa , Hood Steve , Jones Arron , Lavers Victoria , Lindsay Deborah , Maurice James , McDonagh Joanne , Morgan Sarah , Nurun Tania , Oldroyd Christopher , Oxley Elizabeth , Pannifex Sally , Parsons Graham , Phillips Thomas , Rainford Nicole , Rajoriya Neil , Richardson Paul , Ryan J , Sayer Joanne , Smith Mandy , Srivastava Ankur , Stennett Emma , Towey Jennifer , Vaziri Roya , Webzell Ian , Wellstead Andrew , Dhanda Ashwin , Masson Steven 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveAlcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the most common cause of liver-related ill health and liver-related deaths in the UK, and deaths from ALD have doubled in the last decade. The management of ALD requires treatment of both liver disease and alcohol use; this necessitates effective and constructive multidisciplinary working. To support this, we have developed quality standard recommendations for the management of ALD, based on evidence and consensus expert opinion, with the aim of improving patient care.DesignA multidisciplinary group of experts from the British Association for the Study of the Liver and British Society of Gastroenterology ALD Special Interest Group developed the quality standards, with input from the British Liver Trust and patient representatives.ResultsThe standards cover three broad themes: the recognition and diagnosis of people with ALD in primary care and the liver outpatient clinic; the management of acutely decompensated ALD including acute alcohol-related hepatitis and the posthospital care of people with advanced liver disease due to ALD. Draft quality standards were initially developed by smaller working groups and then an anonymous modified Delphi voting process was conducted by the entire group to assess the level of agreement with each statement. Statements were included when agreement was 85% or greater. Twenty-four quality standards were produced from this process which support best practice. From the final list of statements, a smaller number of auditable key performance indicators were selected to allow services to benchmark their practice and an audit tool provided.ConclusionIt is hoped that services will review their practice against these recommendations and key performance indicators and institute service development where needed to improve the care of patients with ALD.
Are diabetes self-management interventions delivered in the psychiatric inpatient setting effective? A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Goff Zoe , Palmer Charlotte , Jadhakhan Ferozkhan , Barber Alice 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionDiabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the most significant contributor to increased mortality due to natural causes in those with severe mental illness (SMI). Self-management interventions for diabetes have been shown to be effective in the general population, however, effects of these interventions in those with SMI is still unclear. Psychiatric admission could be used opportunistically to deliver interventions of this kind and help improve diabetes self-management. This review aims to assess whether interventions of this kind improve diabetes outcomes and have an effect on reducing cardiovascular risk.Methods and analysisThis review will include studies assessing diabetes self-management interventions designed to be delivered to those aged 18 and over with comorbid type 2 diabetes and SMI during admission to psychiatric inpatient settings. Databases including the Cochrane Library, Medline, Psychinfo, CINAHL, Embase, WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, International Health Technology Assessment Database, UK Clinical Research Network and ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched from inception to September 2022. Where possible, meta-analysis of included studies will be conducted. If heterogeneity is high and meta-analysis is not possible, we will use other means of data synthesis and will include a narrative description of included studies.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as the systematic review will only include data from existing studies. The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and presentation at relevant national and international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022357672
Mental health data available in representative surveys conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean countries: a scoping review
Authors: Ramírez-Bontá Francesca , Vásquez-Vílchez Rafaela , Cabrera-Alva Milagros , Otazú-Alfaro Sharlyn , Almeida-Huanca Guillermo , Ambrosio-Melgarejo Juan , Figueroa-Quiñones Joel , Romero-Cabrera Alejandra B , Huaman-Santa Cruz Anayeli , Chávez-Hinostroza Esthefani , Rosado-Medina Melanie , Siancas-Villano Wildo , Quintana-Castro Camilo , Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos , Villarreal-Zegarra David 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundMental health data from Latin America and the Caribbean countries (LACC) national and international surveys are essential for public health surveillance. This review aimed to identify and describe available mental health survey data in LACC, providing access details for researchers.MethodsOur study was a scoping review. The search for available mental health survey data was conducted in PubMed and through grey literature searches, and the search dates were between 26 August 2021 and 15 October 2021. Included survey data were/had (1) nationally representative, (2) the latest version available from 2012 onward, (3) collected in at least one LACC and (4) at least one mental health variable or related factor. We accepted all written languages, including Spanish and English.ResultsA total of 56 national and 13 international surveys were included, with data available on 95 mental health variables classified into 10 categories. Most national surveys were performed in upper-middle-income countries. Variables categorised as ‘Substance use’ and ‘Violence’ were the most frequent. Mexico and Colombia had the highest production in both the national and international surveys. The main target population was the adult population. However, there are several mental health topics and LACC yet unsurveyed.ConclusionWe identified a total of 69 representative surveys from LACCs since 2012. We categorised the available data on mental health variables into 10 categories, and provided technical details to facilitate the future selection and use of these surveys.
Euvichol-plus vaccine campaign coverage during the 2017/2018 cholera outbreak in Lusaka district, Zambia: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Mukonka Victor M , Sialubanje Cephas , Matapo Belem Blamwell , Chewe Orbrie , Ngomah Albertina Moraes , Ngosa Willaim , Hamoonga Raymond , Sinyange Nyambe , Mzyece Hannah , Mazyanga Lucy , Bakyaita Nathan , Kapata Nathan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the coverage for the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign conducted during the 2017/2018 cholera outbreak in Lusaka, Zambia.Study designA descriptive cross-sectional study employing survey method conducted among 1691 respondents from 369 households following the second round of the 2018 OCV campaign.Study settingFour primary healthcare facilities and their catchment areas in Lusaka city (Kanyama, Chawama, Chipata and Matero subdistricts).ParticipantsA total of 1691 respondents 12 months and older sampled from 369 households where the campaign was conducted. A satellite map-based sampling technique was used to randomly select households.Data management and analysisA pretested electronic questionnaire uploaded on an electronic tablet (ODK V.1.12.2) was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were computed to summarise respondents’ characteristics and OCV coverage per dose. Bivariate analysis (χ2test) was conducted to stratify OCV coverage according to age and sex for each round (p<0.05).ResultsThe overall coverage for the first, second and two doses were 81.3% (95% CI 79.24% to 83.36%), 72.1% (95% CI 69.58% to 74.62%) and 66% (95% CI 63.22% to 68.78%), respectively. The drop-out rate was 18.8% (95% CI 14.51% to 23.09%). Of the 81.3% who received the first dose, 58.8% were female. Among those who received the second dose, the majority (61.0%) were females aged between 5 and 14 years (42.6%) and 15 and 35 years (27.7%). Only 15.5% of the participants aged between 36 and 65 and 2.5% among those aged above 65 years received the second dose.ConclusionThese findings confirm the 2018 OCV campaign coverage and highlight the need for follow-up surveys to validate administrative coverage estimates using population-based methods. Reliance on health facility data alone may mask low coverage and prevent measures to improve programming. Future public health interventions should consider sociodemographic factors in order to achieve optimal vaccine coverage.
Safety and feasibility of faecal microbiota transplantation for patients with Parkinson’s disease: a protocol for a self-controlled interventional donor-FMT pilot study
Authors: Vendrik Karuna EW , Chernova Vlada O , Kuijper Ed J , Terveer Elisabeth M , van Hilten Jacobus J , Contarino Maria Fiorella 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionExperimental studies suggest a role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) via the gut–brain axis. The gut microbiota can also influence the metabolism of levodopa, which is the mainstay of treatment of PD. Therefore, modifying the gut microbiota by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be a supportive treatment strategy.Methods and analysisWe have developed a study protocol for a single-centre, prospective, self-controlled, interventional, safety and feasibility donor-FMT pilot study with randomisation and double-blinded allocation of donor faeces. The primary objectives are feasibility and safety of FMT in patients with PD. Secondary objectives include exploring whether FMT leads to alterations in motor complications (fluctuations and dyskinesias) and PD motor and non-motor symptoms (including constipation), determining alterations in gut microbiota composition, assessing donor–recipient microbiota similarities and their association with PD symptoms and motor complications, evaluating the ease of the study protocol and examining FMT-related adverse events in patients with PD. The study population will consist of 16 patients with idiopathic PD that use levodopa and experience motor complications. They will receive FMT with faeces from one of two selected healthy human donors. FMT will be administered via a gastroscope into the duodenum, after treatment with oral vancomycin, bowel lavage and domperidone. There will be seven follow-up moments during 12 months.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee Leiden Den Haag Delft (ref. P20.087). Study results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberInternational Clinical Trial Registry Platform: NL9438.
Perceptions, attitudes, awareness and perspectives towards sustainability practices and climate change among nurses: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Akore Yeboah Ebenezer , Adegboye Amanda Rodrigues Amorim , Kneafsey Rosie 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionClimate change has been described as the most significant threat to humanity and human health to have emerged this century. It is widely accepted that contemporary human activities are the major causes of climate change. It is also acknowledged that damaging human activities could be amenable to change through proactive environmental behaviours. Healthcare professionals have the potential to promote climate advocacy and mitigation through collective effort and individual actions. However, research suggests that nurses may not be aware of their potential to effect positive action. This review will synthesise evidence regarding nurses’ perceptions, attitudes, awareness and perspectives towards sustainable nursing practices and climate change.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for mixed-methods systematic reviews will be applied to this proposed systematic review. It will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and PubMed databases will be searched. Data appraisal will be completed using the JBI and Mixed Methods Assessment Tool critical appraisal tool. Data synthesis and integration will follow the JBI convergent integrated approach.Ethics and disseminationIn compliance with university ethics requirements for secondary research and postgraduate researchers, ethical approval will be sought from the Coventry University Ethics Committee, UK. Dissemination of findings will be achieved through peer-review publications, conference presentations and seminars with local, national and international audiences.
Methods for measuring short-term geographical mobility used in infectious disease research: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Robsky Katherine O. , Tram Khai Hoan , Dowdy David W. , Zelner Jon 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionGeographical mobility, the movement of individuals or populations, may increase an individual’s risk of acquiring or transmitting infectious diseases, including HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and COVID-19. Many studies have collected information on short-term mobility through self-reported travel histories or using GPS trackers, but there has been no consistent conceptualisation and operationalisation of such geographical mobility in global health research. This protocol aims to describe and synthesise different approaches to measuring short-term mobility.Methods and analysisWe will search three databases (PubMed, Embase and Global Health) for peer-reviewed articles. After removing duplicates, two reviewers will first screen the titles and abstracts and then proceed to full-text screening. We will include studies that measure mobility at the individual level in the context of infectious diseases, including clinical trials, epidemiological studies and analyses of register data. Additional articles for inclusion may be identified through review of references in selected papers. We will summarise the method of data collection (GPS trackers, cellphones, retrospective self-report, travel journal, etc) and the specific measures used (overnight travel, having a secondary residence, travel outside of district, etc).Ethics and disseminationThis study consists of reviewing and abstracting existing data from publicly available materials, and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be submitted for peer reviewed publication and may be presented at a relevant global health conference.