bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoengineering: proactive measures to tackle climate change
Authors: Zhu He 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As of 20 August, 2023, extensive parts of northern China including the capital city of Beijing had experienced arguably the hottest summer in recent years, recording consecutive days of high temperatures at or near 40°C. Against this backdrop, National Science Review (NSR) organized a web forum on a climate-related topic that needs more exposure to Chinese public and researchers alike: geoengineering. Compared to commonly-known methods to address climate change such as emission reduction, geoengineering proposes to take much more proactive measures such as injecting aerosol into the stratosphere to increase solar reflection, implementing iron fertilization in the ocean to promote microbial growth, and capturing and liquifying CO2 and injecting it directly into exhausted oil fields. The forum was hosted by Prof. Tong Zhu of Peking University with four panelists. Together, they introduced the scientific backgrounds and implementations of these proactive measures and discussed the pros and cons anticipated by researchers so far.

Fei Chai (柴扉)
Professor, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University

Zhijun Jin (金之钧)
Professor, SONOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute; Dean, Institute of Energy, Peking University; Dean, Peking University Ordos Research Institute of Energy

Shawchen Liu (刘绍臣)
Professor, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University

Jianhua Xu (徐建华)
Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Management, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University

Tong Zhu (朱彤) (Chair)
Professor, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University
Procalcitonin Monitoring and Antibiotic Duration in Presumed Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Across the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Heren Jamie E , Lund Brian C , Alexander Bruce , Livorsi Daniel J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Randomized controlled trials have shown that procalcitonin-guided algorithms can reduce antibiotic duration for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). The goal of this study was to compare antibiotic duration for LRTIs with and without procalcitonin testing in real-life practice.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all acute care hospital admissions for presumed LRTIs between 1/2018 and 12/2021 at 81 Veterans Affairs facilities with on-site procalcitonin testing. The exposure was procalcitonin testing; the primary outcome was antibiotic duration. We used 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching to estimate the difference in outcome between procalcitonin-tested and nontested patients.

Results
A total of 35 610 patients with LRTIs were included (6015 [16.9%] with procalcitonin testing; 29 595 [83.1%] without testing). In tested patients, the median number of procalcitonin levels checked (interquartile range) was 2 (1–3). The mean antibiotic duration was 10.0 days in the procalcitonin group compared with 8.3 days in nontested patients (unadjusted difference, 1.7 days; P &lt; .0001). After propensity score matching with 3903 pairs, antibiotic duration remained greater in the procalcitonin group (9.6 days vs 9.2 days; P &lt; .0001). In a subgroup analysis of 2241 tested patients with a procalcitonin value at the standard threshold for antibiotic discontinuation, antibiotic duration was shorter in tested vs nontested patients, with a mean difference of 0.1 days (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
In this retrospective propensity-matched cohort of patients with presumed LRTIs across a geographically diverse group of hospitals, patients who underwent procalcitonin testing did not have a meaningful reduction in antibiotic duration compared with those who were not tested. Poor implementation of procalcitonin testing may have undermined its effectiveness.
Intentional Dental Modification
Authors: Burnett Scott E. , Tiesler Vera , Tremblay Kenneth , Willman John C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Teeth have long been a focus of body modification as a visible and durable medium for communication with others through tooth removal (ablation), or alteration of tooth appearance by imbedding inlays, dyeing or painting the tooth crown, or shaping the occlusal or labial surfaces or both. One or more of these techniques for modification of the dentition have been employed on every populated continent at some point for the past twenty thousand years. Given the geographic and temporal distribution of intentional dental modification, the immense variability in such practices cannot be surprising. This chapter provides an overview of the primary types of intentional dental modification and discusses their classification and identification. It also reviews the geographic and temporal distribution of intentional dental modification worldwide and discusses the cultural significance and implications of these practices.
Archaeological Science and the Identification of Tattooing Tools
Authors: Deter-Wolf Aaron , Gillreath-Brown Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The growing popularity of tattooing in modern culture is accompanied by an increased interest in the practice’s deep past and in identifying evidence of tattooing in archaeological and museum collections. Until recently, most identifications of tattooing artifacts were based on intuition rather than sound cultural comparisons or definitive, replicable data. Recent advances in archaeological science and efforts to contextualize tattooing as a global practice have provided new frameworks for successful artifact identification. This chapter assesses the methods that have been used to identify the material remains of tattooing tools in the archaeological record, ranging from the instincts of investigators to microwear studies, and shows the need for rigorous and comprehensive analyses in studying and discovering tattoo tools, in both the archaeological record and curated collections.
Internal Applications and Puzzles of the Applicability of Mathematics
Authors: Marshall Douglas Bertrand 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Just as mathematics helps us to represent and reason about the natural world, in its internal applications one branch of mathematics helps us to represent and reason about the subject matter of another. Recognition of the close analogy between internal and external applications of mathematics can help resolve two persistent philosophical puzzles concerning its applicability: a platonist puzzle arising from the abstractness of mathematical objects; and an empiricist puzzle arising from mathematical propositions’ lack of empirical factual content. In order to see how this is the case, we will examine what it is to apply mathematics internally and describe examples.
The nuclear pore Y-complex functions as a platform for transcriptional regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Penghui , Zhang Xiaomei , Cheng Zhiyuan , Wang Xu , Miao Yuchen , Huang Guowen , Fu Yong-Fu , Feng Xianzhong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has multiple functions beyond the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of large molecules. Subnuclear compartmentalization of chromatin is critical for gene expression in animals and yeast. However, the mechanism by which the NPC regulates gene expression is poorly understood in plants. Here we report that the Y-complex (Nup107–160 complex, a subcomplex of the NPC) self-maintains its nucleoporin homeostasis and modulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcription via changing histone modifications at this locus. We show that Y-complex nucleoporins are intimately associated with FLC chromatin through their interactions with histone H2A at the nuclear membrane. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assays revealed that Nup96, a Y-complex nucleoporin, enhances FLC positioning at the nuclear periphery. Nup96 interacted with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6), a key repressor of FLC expression via histone modification, at the nuclear membrane to attenuate HDA6-catalyzed deposition at the FLC locus and change histone modifications. Moreover, we demonstrate that Y-complex nucleoporins interact with RNA polymerase II to increase its occupancy at the FLC locus, facilitating transcription. Collectively, our findings identify an attractive mechanism for the Y-complex in regulating FLC expression via tethering the locus at the nuclear periphery and altering its histone modification.
The systemic impact of deplatforming on social media
Authors: Mekacher Amin , Falkenberg Max , Baronchelli Andrea 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Deplatforming, or banning malicious accounts from social media, is a key tool for moderating online harms. However, the consequences of deplatforming for the wider social media ecosystem have been largely overlooked so far, due to the difficulty of tracking banned users. Here, we address this gap by studying the ban-induced platform migration from Twitter to Gettr. With a matched dataset of 15M Gettr posts and 12M Twitter tweets, we show that users active on both platforms post similar content as users active on Gettr but banned from Twitter, but the latter have higher retention and are 5 times more active. Our results suggest that increased Gettr use is not associated with a substantial increase in user toxicity over time. In fact, we reveal that matched users are more toxic on Twitter, where they can engage in abusive cross-ideological interactions, than Gettr. Our analysis shows that the matched cohort are ideologically aligned with the far-right, and that the ability to interact with political opponents may be part of Twitter’s appeal to these users. Finally, we identify structural changes in the Gettr network preceding the 2023 Brasília insurrections, highlighting the risks that poorly regulated social media platforms may pose to democratic life.
Interferon ɛ restricts Zika virus infection in the female reproductive tract
Authors: Xu Chuan , Wang Annie , Ebraham Laith , Sullivan Liam , Tasker Carley , Pizutelli Vanessa , Couret Jennifer , Hernandez Cyril , Kolli Priyanka , Deb Pratik Q , Fritzky Luke , Subbian Selvakumar , Gao Nan , Lo Yungtai , Salvatore Mirella , Rivera Amariliz , Lemenze Alexander , Fitzgerald-Bocarsly Patricia , Tyagi Sanjay , Lu Wuyuan , Beaulieu Aimee , Chang Theresa L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Interferon ɛ (IFNɛ) is a unique type I IFN that has been implicated in host defense against sexually transmitted infections. Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging pathogen, can infect the female reproductive tract (FRT) and cause devastating diseases, particularly in pregnant women. How IFNɛ contributes to protection against ZIKV infection in vivo is unknown. In this study, we show that IFNɛ plays a critical role in host protection against vaginal ZIKV infection in mice. We found that IFNɛ was expressed not only by epithelial cells in the FRT but also by immune and stromal cells at baseline or after exposure to viruses or specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. IFNɛ-deficient mice exhibited abnormalities in the epithelial border and underlying tissue in the cervicovaginal tract, and these defects were associated with increased susceptibility to vaginal but not subcutaneous ZIKV infection. IFNɛ deficiency resulted in an increase in magnitude, duration, and depth of ZIKV infection in the FRT. Critically, intravaginal administration of recombinant IFNɛ protected Ifnɛ−/− mice and highly susceptible Ifnar1−/− mice against vaginal ZIKV infection, indicating that IFNɛ was sufficient to provide protection even in the absence of signals from other type I IFNs and in an IFNAR1-independent manner. Our findings reveal a potentially critical role for IFNɛ in mediating protection against the transmission of ZIKV in the context of sexual contact.
Group Responsibility and Historicism
Authors: Collins Stephanie , de Haan Niels 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the moral responsibility of organized groups in light of historicism. Historicism is the view that any morally responsible agent must satisfy certain historical conditions, such as not having been manipulated. We set out four examples involving morally responsible organized groups that pose problems for existing accounts of historicism. We then pose a trilemma: one can reject group responsibility, reject historicism, or revise historicism. We pursue the third option. We formulate a Manipulation Condition and a Guarding Condition as addendums to historicism that are necessary to accommodate our cases of group responsibility.
Byakangelicol suppresses TiPs-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction via COX-2/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Tao Huaqiang , Chu Miao , Yu Lei , Yang Peng , Wang Qiufei , Lu Jun , Yang Huilin , Wang Zhenheng , Zhang Hailin , Geng Dechun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aseptic loosening (AL) is considered a significant cause of prosthesis revision after arthroplasty and a crucial factor in the longevity of an artificial joint prosthesis. The development of AL is primarily attributed to a series of biological reactions, such as peri-prosthetic osteolysis (PPO) induced by wear particles around the prosthesis. Chronic inflammation of the peri-prosthetic border tissue and hyperactivation of osteoclasts are key factors in this process, which are induced by metallic wear particles like Ti particles (TiPs). In our in vitro study, we observed that TiPs significantly enhanced the expression of inflammation-related genes, including COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6. Through screening a traditional Chinese medicine database, we identified byakangelicol, a traditional Chinese medicine molecule that targets COX-2. Our results demonstrated that byakangelicol effectively inhibited TiPs-stimulated osteoclast activation. Mechanistically, we found that byakangelicol suppressed the expression of COX-2 and related pro-inflammatory factors by modulating macrophage polarization status and NF-κB signaling pathway. The in vivo results also demonstrated that byakangelicol effectively inhibited the expression of inflammation-related factors, thereby significantly alleviating TiPs-induced cranial osteolysis. These findings suggested that byakangelicol could potentially be a promising therapeutic approach for preventing PPO.
The pros and cons of using automated sleep scoring in sleep research
Authors: Rayan Abdelrahman , Szabo Anna B , Genzel Lisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sleep scoring plays a pivotal role both in sleep research and in clinical practice. Traditionally, this process has relied on manual scoring by human experts, but it is marred by time constraints, and inconsistencies between different scorers. Consequently, the quest for more efficient and reliable approaches has sparked a great interest in the realm of automatic sleep-scoring methods. In this article, we provide an exploration of the merits and drawbacks of automatic sleep scoring, alongside the pressing challenges and critical considerations that demand attention in this evolving field.
Changes in straylight after cataract surgery
Authors: Reus Nicolaas J. , van den Berg Thomas J.T.P. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:To investigate straylight in the immediate postoperative period after cataract surgery.Setting:Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands.Design:Prospective, comparative, single-arm, single-center, single-surgeon study.Methods:Patients underwent cataract surgery on both eyes. 1 eye was randomly selected for implantation with a Clareon CNA0T0 intraocular lens (IOL); the fellow eye received a Vivinex XY1 IOL. Straylight was measured with the C-Quant straylight meter.Results:25 patients were included. Preoperatively, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, eyes with a CNA0T0 IOL had straylight levels (mean ± SD) of 1.48 ± 0.23, 1.26 ± 0.20, 1.06 ± 0.19, 1.11 ± 0.25, and 1.09 ± 0.20 log(s), respectively. For eyes with an XY1 IOL, these values were 1.48 ± 0.21, 1.41 ± 0.41, 1.10 ± 0.20, 1.13 ± 0.20, and 1.16 ± 0.20 log(s), respectively. From 1 week postoperatively, straylight values did not change (1 week vs 3 months:P= .40 andP= .14 and 1 month vs 3 months:P= .74 andP= .50 for CNA0T0 and XY1, respectively). The Pearson correlation coefficient for straylight values between the 2 eyes of individual subjects was 0.80 at 3 months.Conclusions:Straylight levels can be considered stable 1 week after cataract surgery. We believe it is safe to use straylight measurements 1 month postoperatively for clinical trials. Straylight is highly correlated between the 2 eyes of an individual postoperatively.
Agreement between youth and caregiver report of pain and functioning in pediatric sickle cell disease: PedsQL sickle cell disease module
Authors: Alberts Nicole M. , Gilbert Alexandra , Kang Guolian , Okhomina Victoria I. , Flynn Jessica S. , Hodges Jason , Hankins Jane S. , Klosky James L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pain is a primary symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD) and is often severe and chronic. To treat SCD-related pain, proper assessment of SCD pain among youth, including the degree of concordance or agreement between youth and caregiver reports of pain, is essential but has not yet been adequately evaluated. In this study, 525 youth with SCD and their parents were evaluated as part of the Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program (SCCRIP) to examine pain rating concordance and predictors of concordance. Youth and parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Sickle Cell Disease module (PedsQL-SCD) to measure pain, pain interference, and pain-related constructs. Disease, clinical, and demographic variables were obtained from the SCCRIP database. Intraclass correlations demonstrated moderate-to-poor consistency between youth and caregiver reports of pain and pain interference (ICCs range from 0.17 to 0.54). Analysis of covariance and regression models found that patient age, frequency of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, economic hardship, and fetal hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with varying pain-rating agreement levels among parent proxy and child self-report pain. Concordance of pain assessments among youth with SCD and their caregivers using the PedsQL-SCD Module was moderate at best, corroborating prior research. Youth factors predicting discordance among pain-related factors included increased ED visits, older age, and female sex. Collectively, these results bolster the use of integrated pain assessments to reduce parent–child discrepancies, thereby improving the adequacy of SCD-related pain assessment and treatment.
Prevalence and effects of acute myocardial infarction on hospital outcomes among COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chan Kelvin , Conroy Abigail , Khosla Atulya , Rubens Muni , Saxena Anshul , Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Roy Mukesh , Appunni Sandeep , Doke Mayur , Ahmed Md Ashfaq , Zhang Zhenwei , McGranaghan Peter , Chaparro Sandra , Jimenez Javier 
Published: October 2023

Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most lethal complications of COVID-19 hospitalization. In this study, we looked for the occurrence of AMI and its effects on hospital outcomes among COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Data from the 2020 California State Inpatient Database was used retrospectively. All COVID-19 hospitalizations with age ≥ 18 years were included in the analyses. Adverse hospital outcomes included in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay (LOS), vasopressor use, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission. Prolonged LOS was defined as any hospital LOS ≥ 75th percentile. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to understand the strength of associations after adjusting for cofactors.

Results
Our analysis had 94 114 COVID-19 hospitalizations, and 1548 (1.6%) had AMI. Mortality (43.2% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001), prolonged LOS (39.9% vs. 28.2%, P < 0.001), vasopressor use (7.8% vs. 2.1%, P < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (35.0% vs. 9.7%, P < 0.001), and ICU admission (33.0% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher among COVID-19 hospitalizations with AMI. The odds of adverse outcomes such as mortality (aOR 3.90, 95% CI: 3.48–4.36), prolonged LOS (aOR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10–1.37), vasopressor use (aOR 3.71, 95% CI: 3.30–4.17), mechanical ventilation (aOR 2.71, 95% CI: 2.21–3.32), and ICU admission (aOR 3.51, 95% CI: 3.12–3.96) were significantly more among COVID-19 hospitalizations with AMI.

Conclusion
Despite the very low prevalence of AMI among COVID-19 hospitalizations, the study showed a substantially greater risk of adverse hospital outcomes and mortality. COVID-19 patients with AMI should be aggressively treated to improve hospital outcomes.
Addressing disparities in technology use among patients with type 1 diabetes: a review
Authors: Kanbour Sarah , Everett Estelle 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
The benefits of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are widely recognized. However, glaring disparities in access exist, particularly in marginalized and economically disadvantaged groups that stand to benefit significantly from diabetes technology use. We will review recent data describing drivers of these disparities and approaches to address the disparities.

Recent findings
Several qualitative studies were published in recent years that have investigated the drivers of disparities reported over the past decades. These studies report that in addition to typical barriers seen in the diabetes technology, marginalized patients have unique challenges that make insulin pumps and CGMs less accessible.

Summary
Barriers to technology use in these groups include stigmatization, lack of support, financial constraints, provider biases, stringent insurance policies, and clinic infrastructure. To address inequities, multifaceted strategies across community, healthcare, and provider sectors are essential. Key initiatives include enhancing public awareness, refining health policies, ensuring access to high-quality care, and emphasizing patient-centered approaches. The equitable use of technology can narrow the gap in T1D outcomes. The social and economic implications of suboptimal T1D management further underscore the urgency of these efforts for both improved health outcomes and cost-efficient care.