bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotype 3 Antibody Response and Antibody Functionality Compared to Serotype 19A Following 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Immunization in Children
Authors: Fuji Naoko , Pham Minh , Kaur Ravinder , E. Pichichero Michael 
Published: December 2023

Background:Prevention of infections in children vaccinated with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) may be less effective against serotype 3 than 19A.Objective:The aim of this study was to to determine differences in IgG and functional antibody for serotype 3 versus 19A following PCV13 immunization, in IgG antibody levels induced by PCV13 compared to naturally-induced immunity, and assess effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 3 and 19A in prevention of acute otitis media (AOM) and colonization among 6–36-month-old children.Methods:Samples were from a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study conducted in Rochester, NY. Pneumococcal detection was by culture. 713 serum were tested for antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 68 for functional antibody by opsonophagocytosis and 47 for antibody avidity by thiocyanate bond disruption. PCV13 effectiveness in preventing AOM and colonization was determined by comparison of pre-PCV13 detection of serotypes 3 and 19A to post-PCV13.Results:The proportion of children who reached the antibody threshold of ≧0.35 µg/mL after PCV13 was higher for serotype 19A than serotype 3. Only serotype 19A showed significant increase in PCV13-induced opsonophagocytosis assay titers and antibody avidity. Serotype 3 naturally-induced immune children showed a positive trend of increase in antibody level as children got older, but not PCV13-immunized children. PCV13 effectiveness was not identified in preventing AOM or colonization for serotype 3 but effectiveness of 19A was confirmed.Conclusions:PCV13 elicits lower antibody levels and lower effectiveness to serotype 3 versus serotype 19A. Post-PCV13-induced antibody levels for serotype 3 are likely insufficient to prevent AOM and colonization in most young children.
Reducing Risk for Future Violence From Forensic Psychiatric Patients by Using Critical Factors of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability as a Caring Tool
Authors: Pollak Charlotte , Palmstierna Tom 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The dual task for forensic mental health care is community protection and treatment of mental disorders. The Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) has become an established tool for risk assessment and care planning in forensic psychiatry. When using the START, items judged as critical factors are chosen to be addressed in the care plan. However, it is not known which critical factors that are of special interest need to be addressed to reduce the risk for future violence.

Aims
The main aim of this study was to explore how staff's choice of critical factors in the care planning influences risk for future violence.

Methods
The study is based on 787 START assessments from 285 convicted and involuntary admitted inpatients at the Forensic Psychiatric Clinic of Stockholm County, Sweden. The influence on risk for future violence by selecting a certain item as a critical factor in the care plan was measured by comparing patients' sum of vulnerabilities at the time this certain critical factor was selected with this sum at the next assessment.

Results
The results show that a patient's overall risk for future violence decreases significantly when the items “insight,” “attitudes,” “mental state,” “coping,” and “drug use” were addressed as critical factors in the care planning. The importance of specified critical factors differs between diagnostic groups and time after admission.

Conclusions
When staff select certain specified items as critical factors in the care planning, the patients' risk of relapse into acts of violence was significantly reduced.
The Value of Liver Biopsy and Histology in Liver Disease Diagnosis and Patient Care—a Pragmatic Prospective Clinical Practice Study
Authors: Khalifa Ali , Rockey Don C. 
Published: December 2023

Goals:
We aimed to examine the correlation of pre-biopsy clinical diagnosis with hepatic histopathology.

Background:
Liver biopsy provides histologic information and informs physicians about the underlying clinical disease. We hypothesized that expert physicians’ pre-biopsy clinical diagnoses may obviate the need for histopathological diagnosis.

Study Methods:
Patients undergoing liver biopsy to investigate a liver diagnosis were prospectively identified. In the 80 patients included, an anonymous validated questionnaire inquiring about the most likely clinical diagnosis and liver disease stage was completed prospectively by hepatologists before biopsy performance.

Results:
The most common pre-biopsy diagnoses were alcoholic liver disease (19 diagnoses), followed by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis (18 each). Overall, the predicted histologic diagnosis was the same as the histologic diagnosis in 51/80 patients (64%), and thus a new liver disease diagnosis was made in 36% of patients. The diagnosis with the greatest pre-biopsy and post-biopsy diagnosis discrepancy was autoimmune hepatitis, with the correct diagnosis being predicted in 6/18 (33%) of patients (other diagnoses included the following: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (4), alcoholic liver disease (3), drug-induced liver injury (3), others (2)). For fibrosis staging, when grouped as no fibrosis (F0), fibrosis (F1-F3), or cirrhosis (F4), the fibrosis stage was correctly predicted in 68% of patients (54/80). Notably, 7 patients (9%) who were initially thought to have no or early-stage fibrosis had F4 fibrosis, and 6/80 (8%) patients who were considered to have a liver disease diagnosis before their biopsy had normal histology.

Conclusions:
Although hepatology experts often predict the correct underlying liver disease diagnosis, histopathological diagnoses different from expected are common.
Esophageal Function Testing Patterns in the Evaluation and Management of Lung Transplantation
Authors: Yamamoto Marilyn , Kamal Afrin N. , Gabbard Scott , Clarke John , Gyawali C. Prakash , Leiman David A. 
Published: December 2023

Goals:
We surveyed esophageal motility laboratories affiliated with adult pulmonary transplant centers to determine esophageal function testing (EFT) practices.

Background:
Gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal dysmotility are associated with worse lung transplant outcomes, yet no consensus guidelines for EFT exist in this population.

Study:
A deidentified online survey was sent to gastrointestinal motility laboratory directors of 49 academic and community-affiliated medical centers that perform lung transplants. Practice characteristics, including annual lung transplant volume and institutional EFT practices pre-lung transplantation and post-lung transplantation were queried. Respondents were categorized by transplant volume into small and large programs based on median annual volume.

Results:
Among 35 respondents (71% response rate), the median annual transplant volume was 37, and there were 18 large programs. Institutional EFT protocols were used pretransplant by 24 programs (68.6%) and post-transplant by 12 programs (34.2%). Among small and large programs, 52.9% and 72.2% always obtained high-resolution manometry before transplant, respectively. Endoscopy before transplant was performed more often in small programs (n=17, 100%) compared with large programs (n=15,83.3%). Pretransplant endoscopy (P=0.04), barium esophagram (P<0.01), and high-resolution manometry (P=0.04) were more common than post-transplant. In contrast, post-transplant reflux monitoring off-therapy was more common than pretransplant (P=0.01). In general, pulmonologists direct referrals for EFT and gastroenterology consultation (n=28, 80.0%), with symptoms primarily prompting testing.

Conclusions:
In the absence of established guidelines, substantial variability exists in pretransplant and post-transplant EFT, directed by pulmonologists. Standardized EFT protocols and gastroenterologist-directed management of esophageal dysfunction has potential to improve lung transplant outcomes.
A bibliometric analysis of research foci and trends in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involving autophagy during 2008 to 2022
Authors: Shi Zhuolu , Xu Tao , Hu Chao , Zan Rui , Zhang Yumei , Jia Gaozhi , Jin Liang 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that typically occurs during the treatment of ischemia, with limited therapeutic options. Autophagy plays a vital role during the reperfusion phase and is a potential therapeutic target for preventing and treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection for publications related to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with autophagy, published between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2023. We analyzed the selected publications using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and other bibliometric tools.

Results:
Our search yielded 877 relevant publications. The field of autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has grown rapidly since 2016. China has been the leading contributor to publications, followed by the USA and Iran. Chen Zhong and Qin Zhenghong have been influential in this field but have yet to reach all groups. In addition, there has been a shortage of collaboration among authors from different institutions. Our literature and keyword analysis identified Neurovascular protection (#11 Neuroprotective, #13 Neurovascular units, etc) and Inflammation (NLRP3 inflammasome) as popular research directions. Furthermore, the terms “Blood-Brain Barrier,” “Mitophagy,” and “Endoplasmic reticulum stress” have been frequently used and may be hot research topics in the future.

Conclusions:
The role of autophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear, and the specific mechanisms of drugs used to treat ischemia-reperfusion injury still need to be explored. This work outlines the changing trends in investigating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involving autophagy and suggests future lines of inquiry.
Clinical efficacy evaluation and potential mechanism prediction on Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis based on meta-analysis, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking
Authors: Qu Pengda , Wang Haiyang , Wang Wei , Hu Qian , Du Shiyu , Peng Zhaorong , Tang Xiaohu 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZD) is a Chinese herb formula. Previous studies have reported that the clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators of gouty arthritis patients could be improved by GSZD. However, no previous study has evaluated and analyzed its efficacy, safety, underlying mechanisms, and the relationship between related ingredients of herbs and targets of gouty arthritis.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials of GSZD for gouty arthritis were retrieved from various databases. Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 17 software. Galbraith plot was used to find studies with possible heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by Egger test and funnel plot. The related ingredients of herbs and the targets of herbs and gouty arthritis were obtained from several databases, such as TCMSP, HERB, and DrugBank. The protein-protein interaction network was conducted by the STRING platform. DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis. Molecular docking and visualization of docking results were carried out by AutoDock and PyMOL software.

Results:
Twenty studies with 1633 patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated that GSZD could better improve the clinical efficiency and visual analogue scale score, and reduce the level of blood uric acid and inflammatory biomarkers (including C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) than conventional treatment. In addition, we retrieved 157 active compounds, 517 herb target genes, 3082 disease targets, and 295 intersection targets of herb and disease. The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that the core related ingredients included quercetin, kaempferol, sitosterol, luteolin, catechin, etc. The core intersection targets contained AKT1, TNF-α, TP53, IL6, etc. And the critical signaling pathways included IL-17, HIF-1, TNF, PI3K-Akt, etc. Among the 56 molecular docking results, only 8 results had binding energy values greater than −5.0 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:
GSZD could be a satisfactory complementary and alternative therapy for treating gouty arthritis. However, it should be verified by further studies. Future research on gouty arthritis could be conducted from the active components including beta-sitosterol and sitosterol, the targets including TNF-1, IL1B, and ESR1, and the signaling pathways including IL-17 and HIF-1.
A case report: Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Wei , Deng Yongjun , Li Siqi , Liu Yulin , Liang Jianping 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare acute or subacute interstitial lung disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrin within the alveoli and organizing pneumonia with a patchy distribution. The clinical features of AFOP are nonspecific, and it is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia, cancer, tuberculosis, or other lung disorders.Patient concerns:In this case report, a 58-year-old woman presented with chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough and sputum. A chest CT scan showed multiple patchy shadows in both lungs. She was initially diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Her purified protein derivative skin test was positive, but sputum was negative for acid-fast bacilli.Diagnoses:AFOP was diagnosed by bronchoscopic lung biopsy and histopathology.Interventions:Following AFOP diagnosis, all anti-infective drugs were discontinued, and replaced by methylprednisolone and prednisone.Outcomes:After 1 week of treatment with methylprednisolone 40 mg daily, the patient chest CT and clinical symptoms improved. After 1 month, the patient symptoms had demonstrated dramatic improvement and CT scan revealed complete absorption of lesions in both lungs. After 5 months of follow-up, the patient symptoms completely disappeared.Lessons:Acute AFOP is an uncommon lung condition with poor prognosis; hence, early diagnosis and identification are particularly important. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological findings. Currently, there is no unified treatment guideline for AFOP, and treatment must be tailored based on the etiology and severity of each individual patient disease. Subacute AFOP shows a good response to corticosteroid treatment.
Prostate tuberculosis mimicking prostate cancer: Case report and literature review
Authors: Li Yu , Dan Siyu , Yang Fang , He Xiuli , He Ling , Yue Wensheng 
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
Prostate tuberculosis (PTB) has no specific symptoms, or insidious presentation in male reproductive system tuberculosis, and is difficult to detect in the early stage. When PTB develops to the late stage, it leads to disease progression and irreversible organ and tissue damage. At present, the imaging manifestations of prostate tuberculosis vary and are not well known to imaging physicians and urologists.

Diagnoses and Interventions:
This case was a PTB patient, whose main manifestation was elevated serum prostate-specific antigen and the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. We analyzed the imaging performance of various imaging techniques, and summarized and explored the imaging characteristics reported in the previous literature, with the aim of improving the early detection rate and providing evidence-based practice for early regular antituberculosis treatment in PTB.

Outcomes:
The multiparametric transrectal ultrasound performance of PTB is characteristic, and can be used for the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer causing elevated prostate-specific antigen levels in aged men.
Are congenital heart defects connected to more severe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Tarek , Shaban Abdelgalil Mahmoud , Elbadawy Merihan A. , Mahmoud Elrosasy Amr , Elkhadragy Ali , El Garhy Mahmoud , Awad Ahmed K. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common cause of birth defect-related infant morbidity and mortality, affecting 1% of 40,000 births per year in the United States. On the other side, the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is multifactorial. Multiple studies have found that cardiac surgery patients have higher morbidity of having this disorder. Many studies have investigated the prevalence of ADHD in different subtypes of CHD, but few have focused on the severity of ADHD symptoms. Thus, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the severity of ADHD symptoms in CHD patients.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 6, 2023 without any restrictions. We included observational studies published in English language that evaluated burden of symptom of ADHD in CHD patients. Moreover, the standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled. P-values <.05 are considered as significant, and we performed all statistical analyses using RevMan software Version 5.4.1.

Results:
Eight studies were included in our review with a total number of 120,158 patients. CHD was associated with a statistically significant increase in both ADHD index T score and ADHD Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Subscale (informant) with (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI [0.40, 0.90], P < .00001, I2 = 81%) and (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI [0.04, 0.28], P = .008, I2 = 0%). Regarding ADHD Inattention Subscale (informant), the pooled data showed that a significant increase of this score in the CHD group (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI [0.13, 0.37], P < .001, I
2 = 0%), and ADHD Combined Score (informant) showed a significant increase of this score in the CHD group (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI [0.11, 0.35], P = .0002, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion:
Our study revealed a strong association between CHD and not only ADHD, but also the severity of ADHD, making early diagnosis of ADHD in children with CHD a mandatory step in the clinical evaluation practice to improve these children on both clinical and psychological aspects.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease: a multi-centre retrospective study
Authors: Al Jarallah Mohammed , Abdulsalam Salman , Rajan Rajesh , Dashti Raja , Zhanna Kobalava D. , Setiya Parul , Al-Saber Ahmad , Alajmi Mohammad , Brady Peter A. , Luisa Baca Georgiana , Al Balool Joud , Tse Gary 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbid condition in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Reported outcome studies on the association of baseline CKD and mortality is currently limited.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients undergoing TAVR and analyse their overall procedural outcomes.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study was conducted at 43 publicly funded hospitals in Hong Kong. Severe aortic stenosis patients undergoing TAVR between the years 2010 and 2019 were enroled in the study. Two groups were identified according to the presence of baseline chronic kidney disease.

Results:
A total of 499 patients (228, 58.6% men) were enroled in the study. Baseline hypertension was more prevalent in patients with CKD (82.8%; P=0.003). As for primary end-points, mortality rates of CKD patients were significantly higher compared to non-CKD patients (10% vs. 4.1%; P=0.04%). Gout and hypertension were found to be significantly associated with CRF. Patients with gout were nearly six times more likely to have CRF than those without gout (odds ratio = 5.96, 95% CI = 3.12–11.29, P<0.001). Patients with hypertension had three times the likelihood of having CRF compared to those without hypertension (odds ratio=2.83, 95% CI=1.45–6.08, P=0.004).

Conclusion:
In patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR, baseline CKD significantly contributes to mortality outcomes at long-term follow up.
Knowledge of Maternal Mortality Risk Among Women with Substance Use Disorders during Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Renbarger Kalyn M. , Slater Greta , Phelps Barbara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of maternal mortality risk of women with substance use disorder in the perinatal period.

Study Design:
This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive design.

Methods:
Participants were recruited from a residential substance use treatment center in a rural Midwestern city. We used semi-structured interviews during which participants described their understanding of maternal mortality risk and their related experiences. We analyzed the transcribed interviews using content analysis to yield themes and subthemes.

Results:
Sixteen women participated. Three main themes were identified: Women with substance use disorder lack understanding of maternal mortality; Women with substance use disorder experience barriers to perinatal care; and Women with substance use disorder have additional risk factors for maternal mortality.

Clinical Implications:
Nurses can use validated screening tools, offer brief interventions, and refer women to appropriate substance use disorder treatment and mental health resources. Nurses must educate women with substance use disorder about their risk for maternal mortality as well as the signs and symptoms of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Nurses should provide education about the access and use of naloxone. A non-judgmental and trauma-informed approach should be used during interactions with this population.
Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Incidence and Mortality of Stroke
Authors: Lin Wenjian , Pan Jie , Li Jiahe , Zhou Xiaoyu , Liu Xueyuan 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The relationship between short-term exposure to various air pollutants [particulate matter <10 μm (PM10), particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide, and ozone (O3)] and the incidence and mortality of stroke remain unclear.

Review Summary:
We conducted a comprehensive search across databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and others. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% CIs. Short-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3 was associated with increased stroke incidence [per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5: OR = 1.005 (95% CI: 1.004-1.007), per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10: OR = 1.006 (95% CI: 1.004-1.009), per 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2: OR = 1.034 (95% CI: 1.020-1.048), per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2: OR = 1.029 (95% CI: 1.015-1.043), and O3 for per 10 μg/m3 increase: OR: 1.006 (95% CI: 1.004-1.007)]. In addition, short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 was correlated with increased mortality from stroke [per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5: OR = 1.010 (95% CI: 1.006-1.013), per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10: OR = 1.004 (95% CI: 1.003-1.006), per 10 μg/m3 increase in SO2: OR = 1.013 (95% CI: 1.007-1.019) and per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2: OR = 1.012 (95% CI: 1.008-1.015)].

Conclusion:
Reducing outdoor air pollutant levels may yield a favorable outcome in reducing the incidence and mortality associated with strokes.