bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to bovine parvovirus acquired by neonatal pigs through ingestion of virus and antibody in the diet
Authors: Mengeling W. L. , Matthews P. J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The ability of pigs to respond immunologically to ingestion of bovine parvovirus (bpv) was tested by feeding 4 cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (cdcd) pigs a live virus-contaminated, liquid diet for the first 4 weeks of life. Virus-neutralizing (vn) antibodies were detected in the serum of 2 of the 4 pigs when they were 4 weeks old. Antibody titer remained at about the same level for several weeks, then decreased during the remainder of the 29-week interval of testing. The relative reactivity of these sera based on results of indirect immunofluorescence paralleled the corresponding vn titer. Neither of the other 2 pigs exposed to bpv had any appreciable immune response. The potential for passive acquisition of antibody from the diet was tested by feeding 4 other cdcd pigs bovine colostrum containing antibodies to bpv and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) for the first 2 days of life. All had serum vn antibodies for both viruses when they were tested at 2 days of age. The decay rate of the heterologous, passively acquired antibody was approximately linear; however, antibody half-life was relatively short, about 3.5 days, and titers were no longer detectable when pigs were 4 weeks (bpv) and 6 weeks (bvdv) old. An additional 4 cdcd pigs fed a liquid diet without virus or antibody remained free of any appreciable serum reactivity for either bpv or bvdv. Results supported the hypothesis that antibodies for bpv previously detected in the serum of pigs and people may reflect ingestion of virus-contaminated bovine milk or milk products.
Immunoglobulin isotype of specific antibodies in reproductive tract secretions and sera in Tritrichomonas foetus-infected heifers
Authors: Skirrow Susan Z. , BonDurant R. H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Four virgin heifers were experimentally inoculated intravaginally with 7 × 106 Tritrichomonas foetus, and 2 heifers served as uninfected controls. The durations of infection were 13, 20, 21, and 28 weeks, respectively. An ELISA that used whole T foetus antigen was used to detect anti-T foetus immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM) in vaginal, cervical, and uterine secretions, and sera during the course of infection. The vaginal and cervical antibody responses were characterized by significantly increased T foetus-specific IgA and IgG1 at 7 to 9 weeks of infection, whereas uterine IgA and IgG1 responses peaked at 10 to 12 weeks. The antibody response in serum was predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. In all reproductive tract regions, IgA persisted at least until the time of T foetus clearance, and usually longer. The next most persistent isotype was IgG1, lasting longest in the vagina, then cervix, and for the shortest time in the uterus. In local secretions, IgG2 was seen only transiently, increasing at weeks 13 to 15 in the vagina, and at weeks 10 to 12 in the cervix. Little IgM, relative to that present before infection, was detected in any secretion or serum, although cervical secretions had the greatest amount. Eight to 12 weeks after clearance, the 4 experimental heifers were inoculated intravaginally with 1 × 105 T foetus; transient infections (2 to 3 weeks' duration) were established in only 2 of 4 heifers, as determind by culturing of reproductive tract secretions. The lag times of antibody responses during this reinfection were shorter than in the initial infection, and elisa optical densities were at least as high as during the primary infection, suggesting an anamnestic response.
Effect of interferon or Propionibacterium acnes on the course of experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis in specific-pathogen-free and random-source cats
Authors: Weiss Richard C. , Cox Nancy R. , Oostrom-Ram Theresia 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Seventy-four cats (52 treated and 22 untreated) were evaluated in efficacy studies of interferon (ifn), Propionibacterium acnes, or a combination of these drugs against experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis (fip). Cats were given doses of recombinant human leukocyte (α) ifn (rHuIFN-α), feline fibroblastic (β) ifn (FIFN-β) or P acnes at regular intervals before and after inoculation of virulent fip virus (fipv). Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of high doses (106 U/kg of body weight) or moderate doses (104 U/kg) of rHuIFN-α, FIFN-β (103 U/kg), or P acnes (0.4 or 4 mg) did not significantly reduce mortality in treated vs untreated cats. However, the mean survival time in cats treated with 106 U of rHuIFN-α-/kg alone or combined with doses of P acnes was significantly (P = 0.03) increased after inoculation of highly lethal amounts (200 LD100) of FIPV vs survival time in untreated cats. Although P acnes alone was ineffective, there was some indication that a combination of P acnes and high doses of rHuIFN-α was more effective than rHuIFN-α alone. Seemingly, the efficacy of rHuIFN-α treatment was improved in cats challenge-exposed with less fipv; in 1 trial, 4 of 5 cats (80%) treated with high doses of rHuIFN-α survived after inoculation of minimal lethal amounts (0.6 LD100) of fipv, whereas only 2 of 5 untreated cats (40%) survived.
Pretreatment of cats with 106 U of rHuIFN-α/kg resulted in detectable serum ifn activity 24 hours later; serum ifn activity was not detected in cats pretreated with P acnes, fifn-β, or 104 U of rHulFn-α/kg. After inoculation of fipv, increase in serum ifn activity and virus-neutralizing antibody (vna) titer was observed in treated or untreated cats, but increase in serum ifn activity or vna titer was not associated with protective immunity. In contrast to untreated cats, those treated with high doses of rHuIFN-α had temporary suppression of clinical signs of fip and decreased serum ifn or vna responses to fipv, suggesting some antiviral or immunomodulatory (or both) activities. Immunomodulation by rHuIFN-α in cats inoculated with fipv also was suggested by necropsy findings of increased paracortical hyperplasia and decreased necrosis in lymphoid tissues of ifn-treated vs untreated cats.
Results indicated that intensive treatment alone with ifn or P acnes failed to protect most cats against fatal disease after challenge exposure with lethal doses of fipv. High doses of rHuIFN-α alone or combined with P acnes, however, temporarily suppressed disease signs and extended survival time, suggesting a potential role of rHulFN-α as adjunctive, rather than primary, treatment for fip.
Morphometric and ultrastructural study of postnatal lung growth and development in calves
Authors: Castleman W. L. , Lay J. C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The objectives of this study were to characterize basic patterns of postnatal lung growth in 1- to 150-day-old Holstein calves and to identify periods of accelerated lung growth and times of epithelial cell development that might correlate with periods of heightened susceptibility to pulmonary injury by infective agents and dietary toxins. Calves had fully developed alveoli at birth. There was an age-associated increase in total alveolar surface area and alveolar number, which was most marked in calves older than 30 days. Lung volume and body weight increases were also most marked when calves were older than 30 days. Mean bronchiolar cross-sectional area increased significantly (P < 0.05) with age, and there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the percentage of terminal bronchioles with diameters < 3 × 104 μm between 1 and 150 days. In newborn calves, nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells retained fetal characteristics of differentiation, including abundant cytoplasmic glycogen and sparse agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Glycogen deposits were depleted, and agranular endoplasmic reticulum was developed in nonciliated cells by the time calves were 30 days old. We concluded that bronchiolar epithelium in calves is well differentiated by the time they are 30 days old and that lung growth in calves raised in semi-isolation begins most rapidly when calves are approximately 30 days old.
Role of complement S protein (vitronectin) in adherence of Streptococcus dysgalactiae to bovine epithelial cells
Authors: Filippsen Laerte F. , Valentin-Weigand Peter , Blobel Hans , Preissner Klaus T. , Chhatwal Gursharan S. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The binding of bovine complement S protein (vitronectin) to Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from cattle with mastitis and the S protein's role in streptococcal adherence to bovine epithelial cells were investigated. All 25 clinical isolates of S dysgalactiae interacted with bovine S protein. None of the other streptococcal species tested bound to bovine S protein. The S protein-binding sites were saturable and highly sensitive to trypsin. The binding of bovine S protein to S dysgalactiae isolates was specific and could not be inhibited by other plasma proteins, such as fibronectin, albumin, fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin, or IgG. Similarly, streptococcal binding of bovine S protein was not influenced by the synthetic peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, which constituted the host cell attachment sequence of S protein. In adherence experiments, prior binding of bovine S protein to S dysgalactiae enhanced streptococcal adherence to bovine epithelial cells. The enhancing effects by bovine S protein were abolished when the respective binding sites on the streptococci were digested by trypsin. Thus, bovine S protein could be an important mediator of adherence of S dysgalactiae to bovine epithelial cells.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of two formulations of pyrantel pamoate in cats
Authors: Reinemeyer Craig R. , DeNovo Robert C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The efficacy of paste and granule formulations of pyrantel pamoate against concurrent infections of Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma tubaeforme in cats was examined in a controlled trial. Three groups of 8 cats received either no medication (controls) or pyrantel pamoate in paste or granule formulations at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight. After administration of the paste formulation, fecal egg counts of A tubaeforme and T cati were decreased by 98.6 and 96.4%, respectively, and 100% of hookworms and 93.5% of ascarids were removed from the intestine. After administration of the granule formulation, fecal egg counts of A tubaeforme and T cati were decreased by 99.4 and 78.2%, respectively, and 100% of adult hookworms and 88.9% of ascarids were removed. All reductions of egg counts and worm numbers were significant (P < 0.01).
The clinical safety of pyrantel pamoate was evaluated in 4- to 6-week-old kittens. Three groups of 10 kittens received either no medication (controls) or pyrantel pamoate in paste or granule formulations at the rate of 100 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days. Adverse effects were not observed in young kittens following administration of the high dose of pyrantel pamoate.
Acute airsacculitis in turkeys inoculated with phorbol myristate acetate
Authors: Ficken M. D. , Barnes H. J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Phorbol myristate acetate (pma), which induces acute pulmonary injury in mammals, induced acute airsacculitis in turkeys after intra-airsac inoculation of 0.1 mg/kg. Grossly, air sacs contained multifocal to diffuse hemorrhage and edema at postinoculation hours (pih) 3 and 6. Microscopically, there was multifocal congestion and small thrombocyte aggregates within small blood vessels by pih 0.5, with a few vessels containing small numbers of marginating heterophils. By pih 1.5, thrombocyte aggregates were larger and more numerous, and moderate numbers of heterophils were located perivascularly. Erythrocytes and proteinaceous fluid were in air sac interstitium. By pih 3 and 6, hemorrhage and exudation of proteinaceous fluid had increased, in some instances severely distending the air sac. Ultrastructurally, changes resulting from pma-induced injury were thrombocyte aggregation and degeneration, air sac epithelial cell vacuolation with separation of interdigitating cell processes, and endothelial cell vacuolar degeneration with loss of vascular integrity. Air sac lavage fluids had mildly increased total cell counts by pih 1.5, but values returned to baseline by the end of the experiment, indicating lack of cell exudation into the air sac lumen. Circulating leukocyte changes included transient lymphopenia at pih 3 and marked heterophilia at pih 6. These results indicate that thrombocytes and/or heterophils are central to the pathogenesis of injury induced in air sacs by pma and that the air sac responds differently to pma than to pathogenic bacteria.
Bovine leukosis virus transmission with mouthparts from Tabanus abactor after interrupted feeding
Authors: Perino L. J. , Wright R. E. , Hoppe K. L. , Fulton R. W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A successful attempt was made to mechanically transmit bovine leukosis virus (blv) from a blv-infected cow with a normal lymphocyte count to sheep by inoculation with horse fly (Tabanus abactor) mouthparts. After interrupted natural feeding, horse flies were anesthetized with CO2. Mouthparts were severed and pooled into a tissue grinder containing medium. Five inocula containing the mouthparts of 10 flies each, and 5 inocula containing the mouthparts of 20 flies each, were prepared and inoculated sc in the right axilla of 10 blv antibody-negative sheep. Five additional sheep served as controls. Serum samples were collected at 2-week intervals and tested by agar gel immunodiffusion for blv antibodies.
One sheep injected with 20 mouthparts developed antibodies to blv at 10 weeks after inoculation. Six months after inoculation with fly mouthparts, 1 blv antibody-negative sheep was randomly selected from each treatment group and injected, in the left axilla, with 3 ml of blood from the donor cow to confirm susceptibility of the sheep. All 3 sheep developed antibodies to blv within 4 weeks.
Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol in halothane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Greene S. A. , Hartsfield S. M. , Tyner C. L. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, iv) and responses associated with subsequent administration of naloxone (0.04 mg/kg, iv) were studied in halothane (1.2% end-tidal concentration)-anesthetized dogs. Transient, but statistically significant (P < 0.05), decreases in heart rate, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressures, and rate-pressure product were observed after butorphanol administration. Cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly. Except for the decrease in heart rate, changes in the values of the cardiovascular variables measured after butorphanol administration did not appear to be clinically relevant. Sixty minutes after butorphanol administration, naloxone was given. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, and rate-pressure product, along with dysrhythmias were observed. Stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged after administration of naloxone. Naloxone administration was associated with changes indicative of increased myocardial oxygen consumption.
Comparison of plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle carnitine concentrations in cats with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis and in healthy cats
Authors: Jacobs Gilbert , Cornelius Larry , Keene Bruce , Rakich Pauline , Shug Austin 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Concentrations of total, free, and esterified carnitine were determined in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle from cats with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis and compared with values from healthy cats. The mean concentrations of plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle total carnitine; plasma and skeletal muscle free carnitine; and plasma and liver esterified carnitine were greater (P < 0.05) in cats with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis than in control cats. The mean for the ratio of free/total carnitine in plasma and liver was lower (P < 0.05) in cats with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis than in control cats. These data suggest that carnitine deficiency does not contribute to the pathogenesis of feline idiopathic hepatic lipidosis.
Quantitative noninvasive assessment of liver size in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Godshalk Cynthia P. , Kneller Stephen K. , Badertscher Robert R. , Essex-Sorlie Diane 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Measurements of liver size were made from radiographs of 16 clinically normal anesthetized dogs. Two measurements were made from each of 3 views: right and left lateral and ventrodorsal. Each measurement was correlated with liver weight and volume. Liver weight and volume were also correlated with both measurements from the same radiograph multiplied together. All measurements, with the exception of ventrodorsal depth, correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with liver weight and volume. The multiplication of the 2 measurements made from the right lateral radiograph correlated most highly with liver weight. These data were then compared with those from similar studies involving liver measurements obtained from nuclear scintigraphic and ultrasonographic scans on the same dogs. The radiographic measurements made from the right lateral view had the highest correlation with liver weight, followed by the nuclear scintigraphic measurements made from the same position.
Complement resistance in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae infection of swine
Authors: Rycroft A. N. , Cullen J. M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The possible role of the complement-mediated bactericidal system in protection of swine against contagious pleuropneumonia was investigated. Strains of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae representing serotypes 2, 3 and 5 were found to be fully resistant to the bactericidal action of porcine serum from precolostral, clinically normal adult, and chronically infected pigs. All strains were also resistant to hyperimmune rabbit serum, but 3 of 4 strains were sensitive to normal human serum. This bactericidal effect was lost when human serum was previously absorbed with the homologous bacteria, indicating that antibody was necessary for killing. Addition of human serum to porcine serum or to absorbed human serum did not restore the bactericidal system. Pretreatment of the bacteria with undiluted heat-treated human serum also failed to sensitize the bacteria to the absorbed serum, indicating that a heat-labile, absorbable factor may have been required for killing of A pleuropneumoniae. None of the strains was sensitized to porcine serum by sublethal treatment with polymyxin B, a treatment that is known to disrupt the integrity of the outer membrane and induce serum sensitivity in gram-negative bacteria. The ability of A pleuropneumoniae to resist complement killing in vitro may reflect a virulence mechanism in vivo that assists bacteria in avoiding the pulmonary defenses of swine and promotes bacterial invasion of the lungs.
Ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in dogs and cats anesthetized with tiletamine/zolazepam and halothane
Authors: Bednarski Richard M. , Muir William W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ade) was determined in 6 dogs anesthetized with halothane alone or with halothane after injection of tiletamine/zolazepam (tz). Respiratory rate and tidal volume were controlled and sodium bicarbonate was administered to maintain arterial pH and blood gas values within reference range. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded during determination of the ade. The ade (mean ± sd) was no different during anesthesia with use of halothane alone (8.9 ± 4.3) than it was when injections of tz preceded administration of halothane (6.7 ± 2.8). Tiletamine/zolazepam was also administered iv immediately after determination of the ade during halothane-induced anesthesia. The tz administered in this manner did not alter the ade. Blood pressure and heart rate were significantly greater during infusion of epinephrine than immediately prior to infusion. The administration of tz did not alter blood pressure response.
The ade was also determined in 6 cats anesthetized with halothane preceded by administration of tz. The ade (mean ± sd) was 0.7 ± 0.23 μg/kg, a value similar to that reported for cats during anesthesia with halothane alone.
Heritability of susceptibility to scrotal herniation in swine
Authors: Vogt D. W. , Ellersieck M. R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Data on 5,711 Duroc-sired, 2,227 Landrace-sired, and 2,494 Yorkshire-sired male pigs born over a 9-year period were used to evaluate the genetic influence on scrotal herniation. Differences in frequency of this defect among boar breeds (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) were significant (P < 0.01). Differences among sires within the Duroc and Landrace boar groups were significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), but differences within the Yorkshire group were not significant. Frequency of scrotal hernia among male full siblings of affected males was consistently higher than the overall frequency of the defect among progeny in each of their respective breed of boar groups. Percentage of affected pigs among male full siblings of affected males for Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire groups, respectively, was 3.0, 3.0, and 2.7 times greater than the overall percentage affected in their respective breed groups. Heritability of susceptibility to scrotal hernia development was estimated to be 0.29 ± 0.17, 0.34 ± 0.23, and 0.34 ± 0.19 in Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire-sired pig groups, respectively.
Procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide in serum and synovial fluid of dogs with hip dysplasia and coxarthrosis
Authors: Madsen J. S. , Jensen L. T. , Strøm H. , Hørslev-Petersen K. , Svalastoga E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Hip dysplasia is an affection of the coxofemoral joint that progresses until stabilization is caused by fibrosis and osteoarthritic changes. This stabilization process can be examined by clinical and radiographic methods. The capability of evaluating the procollagen concentrations in liquids, such as serum and synovial fluid, has further offered the basis for an objective biochemical evaluation of the stabilization process. Our study was performed to evaluate whether determination of procollagen concentrations was suitable for the use in practice.
The procollagen type-III aminoterminal peptide (p-III-np) concentration was measured in serum and in synovial fluid from coxofemoral joints in 20 dogs. Dogs were grouped on the basis of evidence of dysplasia and osteoarthritic changes of the hip: (1) a control group of 6 dogs without clinical or radiographic signs of hip dysplasia, and (2) dysplastic group of 14 dogs, which was further grouped with respect to the coxofemoral joint laxity, as determined by the Ortolani test.
Synovial fluid concentration of p-III-np was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fluid from dysplastic joints than in fluid from normal joints. Serum concentrations of p-III-np were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in dogs in which results of the Ortolani test were positive.