bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Case for Causation
Authors: Vision Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Those who imagine Heaven and Hell neigbours, and conceive a vicinity be tween those two extreams upon consequence of the Parable, where Dives dis coursed with Lazarus in Abraham’s bosome, do too grossly conceive of those glorified creatures, whose eyes shall easily out-see the Sun, and behold with out a perspective the extreamest distances: for if there shall be in our glorified eyes, the faculty of sight and reception of objects, I could think of the visible species there to be in as unlimitable a way as now the intellectual. I grant that two bodies placed beyond the tenth sphear, or in a vacuity, according to Aris totle’s Philosophy, could not behold each other, because there wants a body or Medium to hand and transport the visible rays of the object into the sense; but when there shall be a general defect of either Medium to convey, or light to prepare and dispose that Medium, and yet a perfect vision, we must suspend the rules of our Philosophy, and make all good by a more absolute piece of opticks.
How to Frame the Free Will Problem
Authors: Double Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides the groundwork for the argument of part II of this book. When viewed from the species of Philosophy as Worldview Construction that I call Philosophy as Continuous with Science, FREE will is seen as an unprincipled, subjective term that cannot denote a class of objective entities. If we try to view free choices as denoting a class of choices whose freeness is a characteristic of the choices themselves, it becomes logically contradictory. If free choice is not contradictory, its meaning fragments into a multiplicity of subjective senses. This also would prevent the term from denoting a unified objective reference class, inasmuch as the term would denote wildly disparate entities for different speakers.
Hume’s Principle: The Subjectivity of Moral Responsibility and Free Will
Authors: Double Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I use the Humean principle that one cannot deduce a moral conclusion from a set of non-moral premises (Treatise, III, I, I) to support the subjectivity of moral responsibility and free will. The Humean principle is one of the important intermediary principles that goes into Philosophy as Continuous with Science to support the sort of naturalistic view I advocate. If the argument of this chapter is persuasive, we will see that adoption of the Humean principle by itself gives very strong reason to accept subjectivism about freedom and responsibility.
In section 1, I define the key terms and defend two important premises: that moral responsibility is a moral concept and that subjectivism of moral responsibility strongly supports moral non-realism generally. In section 2, I argue that if we accept the Humean principle, we must conclude that ascriptions of moral responsibility cannot be true. On the premise that if ascriptions of moral responsibility cannot be true, neither can ascriptions using other moral terms, it follows that the Humean principle entails the general doctrine of moral non-realism. In section 3, I argue that if we accept the Humean principle, we must hold that. free will is a moral concept. If we add this premise to the conclusion of the previous argument, the defender of the Humean principle is committed to holding that ascriptions of free choice cannot be true.
Spinoza’s Scepticism and Antiscepticism
Authors: Popkin Richard H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The position developed in Spinoza’s challenge to revealed religion involves a thoroughgoing scepticism about religious knowledge claims, a scepticism that often goes beyond mere doubt to outright denial. Spinoza’s scepticism about revealed religion, which appears primarily in the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, the appendix to book 1 of the Ethics, and some of his letters, grows out of his contact with Isaac La Peyrère’s ideas, and out of his application of Cartesian method to revealed knowledge. The result, as is well known, is a devastating critique of revealed knowledge claims, that has had an amazing effect over the last three centuries in secularizing modern man.
At the same time that Spinoza was so sceptical of religious knowledge claims, he was completely antisceptical with regard to “rational knowledge,” that is, metaphysics and mathematics.
This attitude, the exact opposite of that of a fideist such as Spinoza’s contemporary Pascal, is not necessarily schizophrenic. In fact, a great many modern thinkers would pay homage to Spinoza for being the first to apply rational or scientific methods to religion with properly destructive results, and to refuse to apply the same methods to the scientific or rational world which is in some way self-justifying.
The Living Elephants
Authors: Sukumar Raman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Living Elephants is the authoritative resource for information on both Asian and African elephants. From the ancient origins of the proboscideans to the present-day crisis of the living elephants, this volume synthesizes the behavior, ecology and conservation of elephants, while covering also the history of human interactions with elephants, all within the theoretical framework of evolutionary biology. The book begins with a survey of the 60-million year evolutionary history of the proboscideans emphasizing the role of climate and vegetation change in giving rise to a bewildering array of species, but also discussing the possible role of humans in the late Pleistocene extinction of mastodonts and mammoths. The latest information on the molecular genetics of African and Asian elephants and its taxonomic implications are then presented. The rise of the elephant culture in Asia, and its early demise in Africa are traced along with an original interpretation of this unique animal-human relationship. The book then moves on to the social life of elephants as it relates to reproductive strategies of males and females, development of behavior in young, communication, ranging patterns, and societal organization. The foraging strategies of elephants, their impact on the vegetation and landscape are then discussed. The dynamics of elephant populations in relation to hunting for ivory and their population viability are described with the aid of mathematical models. A detailed account of elephant-human interactions includes a treatment of crop depredation by elephants in relation to their natural ecology, manslaughter by elephants, habitat manipulation by humans, and a history of the ivory trade and poaching in the two continents. The ecological information is brought together in the final chapter to formulate a set of pragmatic recommendations for the long-term conservation of elephants. The broadest treatment of the subject yet undertaken, by one of the leading workers in the field, Raman Sukumar, the book promises to bring the understanding of elephants to a new level. It should be of interest not only to biologists but also a broader audience including field ecologists, wildlife administrators, historians, conservationists and all those interested in elephants and their future.
Science, Politics, and Pragmatism Conserving the Elephant Populations
Authors: Sukumar Raman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The continued survival of elephants, or of hundreds of thousands of species unknown to science for that matter, is inextricably linked to a host of environ mental, biological, ecological, social, economic, and political factors. As during the late Pleistocene, global climate change, this time human induced, is an en vironmental factor that could potentially make major impacts on landscapes and species. We can barely speculate upon how elephants and their habitats would respond to climate change in the coming decades.
Introduction
Authors: McKay Nellie Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beloved Toni Morrison’S fifth novel, is “the book [that] had to” exist. The author’s eloquent and serious justification befits its raison d’etre. For Morrison, this publication was a conscious act toward healing a painful wound: a studied memorial to the great social wrong of the enslavement of Africans. Her powerful words, on behalf of millions, give voice to a profound lament: the absence of a historical marker to remind us never to let this atrocity happen again. For its absence has neither erased nor diminished its pain; rather, it reminds us only of itself: of what is missing. “I think I was pleading for that wall or that bench or that tower or that tree when I wrote the final words,” Morrison told The World (Morrison and Richardson 4). It is also significant though not surprising that Toni Morrison accepted the responsibility for action to rectify the neglect. She often speaks of the role of the black novelist in the world as one to address and explore issues meaningful to the welfare of the whole world community. As if responding in kind to her expression of grief, and accepting her offering, readers almost unanimously acknowledge the book as a major literary achievement of great purpose. The momentum it generated on its appearance has not abated a decade later. In the attention that they give to it, scholars, general readers, students, and critics alike continue to assess Beloved as one of the great books of this century.
Whose Story Was This? Rape Narratives in Medieval English Courts
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A crime might have many narrators: the victim, the alleged perpetrator, the witnesses, the law enforcement agents, the jurors, and the judges. But in medieval English criminal records, the victim’s voice is often lost, particularly if she was a woman. The predominant voice is the laconic one of the sheriffs’ or justices’ clerks who recorded the bare necessities of the case and entered the verdict. In only two criminal actions did the law accord a woman a strong legal voice: an appeal involving the murderer of a woman’s husband and an appeal involving her own rapist. In both cases she narrated a story of the event and named the culprit. It is tempting to conclude that at last we can read a legal record and hear the woman’s voice, after these many centuries, recounting the calamity and horror that has entered her life as a victim of crime. The voice, however, is not a clear, unambiguous woman’s narrative. Even if she is the one bringing the charges, she must do so within a set formula for making an appeal. She may, instead, have told of the crime to a group of neighborhood men who brought the indictment against the suspect in the king’s name, or her father’s voice may be that reporting his despoiled property in the loss of his daughter’s virginity. Finally, the trial jurors might retell the story in their own words and the justices might also add their versions before reaching a decision.
Narratives of a Nurturing Culture: Parents and Neighbors in Medieval England
Authors: Hanawalt Barbara A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A current trend in thinking about the problems of neglected children and unruly youth is to look more seriously at the community we have lost rather than the family we have lost. Recent newspaper articles speak of community members’ inhibitions about taking any role in intervening with someone else’s children for fear of lawsuits. Governments have increasingly stepped in where a more informal community of neighbors fear to tread. In studying the medieval world, scholars have assumed that it had a strong sense of community and corporate organization, generating not only cooperative action but also emotional loyalties. We who study medieval childhood have been as remiss in ignoring this simple truth about the past as have modern social commentators.
Putting an End to Ecosystem Depletion
Authors: Southgate Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beginning in the 1960s, infrastructure development created myriad opportunities to exploit environmental wealth in the American tropics. For example, there were only 300 kilometers of paved roads in the Brazilian Amazon in 1960 (Mahar, 1989). In 1964, a federal highway traversing the eastern fringes of the watershed was completed to link Brasilia and Belem. During the next dozen years, as many as 320,000 people migrated to the road’s zone of influence (Katzman, 1977), where conditions for crop and livestock production are, for the most part, better than conditions found in the watershed’s interior.
Environmentally Sound Timber Production
Authors: Southgate Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of those who hope to arrest the loss of threatened habitats in Latin America by promoting sustainable development of selected forest resources, like latex and aguaje, staunchly resist any form of timber harvesting. Their aversion to the latter activity is easy to understand since, for many years, most of the region’s loggers have exhibited little if any concern for environmental impacts.
Nature-Based Tourism
Authors: Southgate Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of all the economic alternatives contemplated for threatened habitats in the developing world, none appear to hold as much commercial promise as tourism. The business of accommodating people who wish to experience different planes firsthand has grown rapidly and, since the late 1980s, has accounted for 7 percent of all international trade in goods and services (Whelan, 1991). Formerly the esoteric pursuit of a few people, vacations taken for the purpose of viewing and learning about exotic flora and fauna in their natural settings now comprise an important part of the tourism market in many places (Boo, 1990).
Inside Bluebeard’s Castle
Authors: Leafstedt Carl S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first book-length examination of Bartók’s 1911 opera Duke Bluebeard’s Castle, one of the twentieth century’s enduring operatic works. Writing in an engaging style, Leafstedt adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the opera by introducing, in addition to music-dramatic analysis, a number of topics that are new to the field of Bartók studies. These new areas of critical and scholarly terrain include a detailed literary study of the libretto and a gender-focused analysis of the opera’s female character, Judith. Leafstedt begins with a short introductory chapter that places Duke Bluebeard’s Castle within the context of Bartók’s early composing career, his discovery of folk music, and its impact on his later work. The book goes on to explore the composition’s troubled history, its failure to win two early Hungarian opera competitions, and the three versions of the ending that resulted, discussed here in depth for the first time. The core of the book is devoted to the musical and dramatic organization of the opera and offers an analysis of the seven individual door scenes, including a detailed analysis of scene six, the “lake of tears “ scene, illustrating the work’s complex tonal organization and dramatic structure. A separate chapter places this darkly psychological version of the Bluebeard story within the broader context of European history and literature. Throughout the book, Leafstedt draws on original Hungarian source material, much of it newly translated by the author and available here for the first time in English, and he includes a generous selection of musical examples. Inside Bluebeard’s Castle is an ideal starting point for research in twentieth-century music, Hungarian cultural history, and opera studies, as well as an invaluable guide for anyone interested in Bartók’s only opera.
Torn From the Nest
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clorinda Matto de Turner was the first Peruvian novelist to command an international reputation and the first to dramatize the exploitation of indigenous Latin American people. She believed the task of the novel was to be the photograph that captures the vices and virtues of a people, censuring the former with the appropriate moral lesson and paying its homage of admiration to the latter. In this tragic tale, Clorinda Matto de Turner explores the relationship between the landed gentry and the indigenous peoples of the Andean mountain communities. While unfolding as a love story rife with secrets and dashed hopes, Torn from the Nest in fact reveals a deep and destructive class disparity, and criticizes the Catholic clergy for blatant corruption. When Lucia and Don Fernando Marin settle in the small hamlet of Killac, the young couple become advocates for the local Indians who are being exploited and oppressed by their priest and governor and by the gentry allied with these two. Considered meddling outsiders, the couple meet violent resistance from the village leaders, who orchestrate an assault on their house and pursue devious and unfair schemes to keep the Indians subjugated. As a romance blossoms between the a member of the gentry and the peasant girl that Lucia and Don Fernando have adopted, a dreadful secret prevents their marriage and brings to a climax the novel's exposure of degradation: they share the same father--a parish priest. Torn from the Nest was first published in Peru in 1889 amidst much enthusiasm and outrage. This fresh translation--the first since 1904--preserves one of Peru's most distinctive and compelling voices.
8
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
one the priest and the governor had left Lucia’s house after the interview to which she had summoned them to plead for the Yupanqui family, an interview whose details we learned in Chapter 5, these two worthies walked down the street chatting as follows: “What an idea! What do you say to the demands of this high and mighty lady, my dear Don Sebastian?” said the priest, taking a cheap cigarette from his case and smoothing out its ends. “Frankly, dear Father, that’s all we needed, having outsiders come here to set rules for us and, frankly, change customs handed down from our ancestors,” the governor replied, stopping for a moment to wrap himself in his great cape. “That’s right, you get these Indians all worked up, and pretty soon there’ll be nobody to so much as draw the water for washing our dishes.
12
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arcola, who headed for the rectory accompanied by her pretty Margarita and the forty silver soles, found Father Pascual sitting by the door of his small study, near a rustic old pine table covered with a cloth that hinted at having been blue in the days of its youth. In his left hand he held his breviary, with his index finger wedged between two pages half-way through the volume; and he was, albeit mechanically, reciting the prayer of the day. Marcela stepped up to him timidly and greeted him with, “Hail Mary, tata curay”;13 and she bent down to kiss his hand, indicating to Margarita that she should do likewise. “Senora Luda lent it to me, and now give me my change so I can leave,” said Margarita’s mother, abashed at having disobeyed her bene factress’ first command with this revelation; and on hearing that name, Father Pascual, as though the viper of resentment had stung him, replied, “Change? What change? I’ll give it to you some other day,” and biting his lips with barely contained fury, he murmured, “Lucia! Lucia!” The priest sat down again, lost in thought and taking no notice of Marcela’s and Margarita’s humble parting words. He saw them disappear as he kept on muttering broken sentences, perhaps continuing the prayers that Juan Yupanqui’s wife had interrupted.
1
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The heart of man is like the cloud-covered sky: capable, it seems, of infinite variety, yet ever the same in the course followed by its violent upheavals. The stormy night gives way to a new day bright with sunshine. After the lamentable events that we reported in the first part of our tale, a period of calm settled on the people of Killac, not unlike the exhaustion that follows a time of excessive work, though the storm that had arisen in Manuel’s heart, fanned by loneliness and idleness, kept gathering strength. Several months passed in this way. A judicial inquiry was launched to. discover those truly responsible for the attack; but the preliminary procedures, legalistic as they were, had neither found them out nor discovered any part of what we know, while the entire process was marked by that slowness that is the hope of the guilty and that in Peru.
15
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Teodora’s flight was soon noticed by the revelers. The lieutenant governor was the :first to remark on it, saying, “This is the rotten old man’s doing, Colonel, because she was obviously ready to oblige your excellency.” “Are they trying to make a fool of me? I won’t put up with it, no sir! By my honor I won’t!” said Paredes, striding back and forth across the room. “Let’s go look for her, my friends,” the lieutenant governor proposed, seizing a burning candle and ready to leave. “Yes, sir, I’ll retrieve my little houri from the very bowels of the earth, yes, sir!” the subprefect repeated furiously while those eager to please.
21
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Martina rushed panting into her husband’s cell; but as she came from the bright light of day, her eyes were temporarily blinded by the darkness reigning in the place. Gradually such scanty light as seeped through the cracks between the adobes obstructing a wide sky light fell on her retina and at last allowed her to make out the walls, the floor, the bench that served as a bed, and, seated on it, her husband, who looked at his visitor not daring to ask her anything, for fear of hearing news of additional misfortunes.
22
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As day followed day, the clouds were swept from the sky and the financial arrangements made in Manuel’s home turned out to be more promising than he had expected. Manuel would go to Lima to enroll in the School of Law. His spirits were buoyed by the hope of living near Margarita, whose enrollment in one of the best schools in the capital had also been decided on. Meanwhile, all the efforts of Don Fernando and Manuel to free Isidro from jail were fruitless, for the justice of the peace barricaded himself behind a mountain of legalisms, requested a report from the prosecutor’s office, and would go no further than to assure the parties of a rapid resolution of the matter. Don Fernando could no longer delay his departure, and he said to his wife, “My love, I’ve thought of a way to bring about a general reconciliation between us and these people in Kfllac, but for the sole purpose of getting Isidro released.”
23
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than twenty horses stood saddled in the courtyard of the white house, for the residents of the town, once they had received Don Fernando’s invitation, decided to pay him the customary honor of accompanying him in his departure for the distance of a league. Twelve mules, in full traveling harness, were being loaded with suitcases, trunks, and leather bags for bedding. These were Don Fernando Marin’s last hours in K.illac. Manuel and his family were among the first guests to arrive and to be courteously received. The table had been set in the ample dining room and bore, as specialties of the season, aromatic strawberries and purple plums, artistically displayed in white china bowls. Next to them, enormous platters stimulated the appetite with pigeons marinated in cider vinegar, bearing sprigs of parsley in their beaks. The parlor was overflowing with people; and the Jew to whom Don Fernando had sold his furnishings was walking from one side to another with a worried face, as though on guard lest his newly acquired property should suffer any damage.