bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Costs of Behavioral and Psychological Withdrawal: A New Model and an Empirical Illustration
Authors: Sagie Abraham , Birati Assa , Tziner Aharon 
Published: March 2003

Ce travail sur la désimplication des salarìés propose un modèle qui intègre les dimensions financière et comportementale et fait appel à des formules mathématiques qui fournissent une estimation du coût global de la désimplication pour l’entreprise. Pour nous différencier des tentatives antérieures de calcul d’un tel coût, nous avons essayé d’englober toute une série de comportements et d’attitudes de retrait, incluant le retrait psychologique, le freinage, les retards, absences et démissions. L’estimation du coût prend en compte des éléments directs et indirects, certains d’entre eux étant même traditionnellement considérés comme ne relevant pas de l’économie. Les équations reposent sur le fond théorique empruntéà la littérature sur le comportement comprenant l’établissement des normes, les interactions à l’intérieur de l’équipe de travail et l’éventuelle dérive d’attitudes et de comportements de retrait relativement discrets vers des formes plus accentuées. On utilise dans les équations des corrélations (corrigées empiriquement) entre les différentes formes de retrait. Ce modèle a été exploité pour évaluer les coûts de la désimplication pour l’année fiscale 1997 dans une société israelienne de dimension moyenne leader dans le domaine de la haute technologic. Il est apparu que le coût de la désimplícation était approximativement de 2,8 millions de dollars américains, ou encore de 16,5% du bénéfice avant impôts de l’entreprise. On discute aussi des consequences théoriques et pratiques de ces résultats.The present study proposes an integrative behavioral‐financial model of employee withdrawal combined with mathematical formulas, allowing the estimation of the overall cost of withdrawal to the firm. In contrast to previous attempts to calculate such a cost, we aimed to cover an entire range of withdrawal attitudes and behaviors, including psychological withdrawal, withholding effort at work, lateness, absence, and turnover. Cost calculation involves direct and indirect components, including those that were traditionally considered non‐economic. The equations are based on theoretical grounds of the behavioral literature, including norm determination, mutual interpersonal influences within the work teams, and the possible progression of relatively mild withdrawal attitudes and behaviors into more severe forms. Empirical mean corrected correlations between withdrawal forms are used in the equations. We applied the model by assessing the withdrawal costs for the fiscal year 1997 in a leading, medium‐sized, Israeli high‐tech company. It was found that the withdrawal cost was approximately 2.8 million US dollars, or 16.5 per cent of the company’s before‐tax income. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.
Neuropsychological and Academic Characteristics of Mexican‐American Children: A Longitudinal Field Study
Authors: Bowler Rosemarie M. , Smith Margot W. , Schwarzer Ralf , Perez‐Arce Patricia , Kreutzer Richard A. 
Published: March 2003

Les performances académiques et de tests psychologiques de 836 enfants mexicains‐américains ont étéétudiées sur une période de quatre ans. Ces enfants, âgés de 6 à 12 ans, vivaient dans une ville rurale de Californie à prédominance Hispanique. Les moyennes des résultats sur les tests psychologiques étaient à l’intérieur d’une déviation standard des normes nationales. Les résultats académiques (lecture, mathématiques et langue) étaient en dessous de la moyenne nationale, bien que à l’intérieur d’une déviation standard des résultats de l’État de Californie. Des régressions hiérarchiques multiples ont été réalisées avec les variables démographiques (langue de l’enfant, langue de la maison, statut d’immigrant, et niveau de pauvreté) et les résultats des tests psychologiques afin de prédire la performance future sur le “CAT”. Les résultats du test “Coding and Digit Span” se sont révélés les meilleurs indicateurs et étaient meilleurs que les variables démographiques pour cette population.Performance in psychological tests and academic achievement over four years was examined for 836 Mexican‐American children aged 6 to 12 years living in a rural and predominantly Hispanic town in California. Mean scores on tests were within one standard deviation of national norms. Reading, math, and language scores were below the national average, but they remained within one standard deviation of the state’s population’s scores. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted for both demographic variables (child’s language, household language, migrant status, and poverty level) and psychological test scores. Demographic variables and psychological test scores were used to predict later test performance on the CAT. Test scores for Coding and Digit Span were the best predictors and were better than these demographic variables for this population.
Structural limits on verb mapping: the role of abstract structure in 2.5‐year‐olds’ interpretations of novel verbs
Authors: Fisher Cynthia 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo experiments showed that 2.5‐year‐olds, as well as older children, interpret new verbs in accord with their number of arguments. When interpreting new verbs describing the same motion events, children who heard transitive sentences were more likely than were children who heard intransitive sentences to assume that the verb referred to the actions of the causal agent. The sentences were designed so that only the number of noun‐phrase arguments differed across conditions (e.g.She’s pilking her over thereversusShe’s pilking over there). These experiments isolate number of noun‐phrase arguments (or number of nouns) as an early constraint on sentence interpretation and verb learning, and provide strong evidence that children as young as 2.5 years of age attend to a sentence’s overall structure in interpreting it.
Ten Criteria for Evaluating the Management of Community Disasters
Authors: Quarantelli E.L. 
Published: March 2003

The discussion herein concerns important factors in the local management of disasters. We contrast this with the related but distinct process of disaster planning. Our assumption is that what is crucial is not management per se, but good management. Thus, to assess intelligently the management of community disasters requires an answer to the question: What is good management? The results of empirical research carried out by social scientists over the past 40 years are drawn upon in considering this question.The criteria identified entail: (1) correctly recognising differences between response and agent‐generated demands; (2) adequately carrying out generic functions; (3) effectively mobilising personnel and resources; (4) generating an appropriate delegation of tasks and division of labour; (5) adequately processing information; (6) properly exercising decision‐making; (7) developing overall co‐ordination; (8) blending emergent and established organisational behaviours; (9) providing appropriate reports for the news media; and (10) having a well‐functioning emergency operations centre.An issue also raised in the paper is how applicable these research findings — derived mostly from developed countries — are to the developing world.
Rethinking the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and its Inter‐American Regional Organization
Authors: Jakobsen Kjeld A 
Published: March 2003

In responding to the impact of corporate globalization on the working class, the trade union movement needs not only to rethink its strategies, but also to review its international organization. This article highlights changes in the labour market such as the increase in unemployment, deregulation, informality, the stronger presence of women, and the issue of child labour. In this context, the article goes on to consider the growing social movements that might form alliances with trade unions for social change.The present international confederations of trade unions—the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), the World Confederation of Labor (WCL), and the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)—were profoundly engaged in the cold war. Their structure today, particularly that of the ICFTU, is the same as 50 years ago. The ICFTU's structure mirrors the Leninist model of centralized direction practiced by its traditional opponent, the WFTU. Many national confederations resisted this East‐West pressure during the Cold War, and chose to stay outside all of the international confederations. Post‐Cold War, most have elected to become members of the ICFTU, believing it to be a democratic space for an open political debate, and in the hope of reform. However, expected change has been slow to materialize. This paper explores the way in which changes already made in the Organización Regional Interamericana de Trabajadores (ORIT) might shape ongoing discussions in the ICFTU.
“Common–Sense” Neoliberalism: Progressive Conservative Urbanism in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Keil Roger 
Published: March 2003

This paper argues that urban neoliberalism can best be understood as a contradictory re–regulation of urban everyday life. Based on an analysis of neoliberalism as a new political economy and as a new set of technologies of power, the paper argues that the urban everyday is the site and product of the neoliberal transformation. Governments and corporations play a key role in redefining the conditions of everyday life through neoliberal policies and business practices. Part of this reorientation of everydayness, however, involves new forms of resistance and opposition, which include the kernel of a possible alternative urbanism. The epochal shift from a Keynesian–Fordist–welfarist to a post–Fordist–workfarist society is reflected in a marked restructuring of everyday life. The shift changes the socioeconomic conditions in cities. It also includes a reorientation of identities, social conflicts, and ideologies towards a more explicitly culturalist differentiation. Social difference does not disappear, but actually becomes more pronounced; however, it gets articulated in or obscured by cultural terms of reference.The paper looks specifically at Toronto, Ontario, as a case study. An analysis of the explicitly neoliberal politics of the province’s Progressive Conservative (Tory) government under Mike Harris, first elected in 1995, demonstrates the pervasive re–regulation of everyday life affecting a wide variety of people in Toronto and elsewhere. Much of this process is directly attributable to provincial policies, a consequence of Canada’s constitutional system, which does not give municipalities autonomy but makes them “creatures of provinces.” However, the paper also argues that Toronto’s elites have aided and abetted the provincial “Common–Sense” Revolution through neoliberal policies and actions on their own. The paper concludes by outlining the emergence of new instances of resistance to the politics of hegemony and catastrophe of urban neoliberalism.
Cross‐cultural Issues in European Bioethics
Authors: Dickenson Donna L. 
Published: March 2003

European biomedical ethics is often contrasted to American autonomy‐based approaches, and both are usually distinguished as ‘Western’. But at least three ‘different voices’ within European bioethics can be identified:The deontological codes of southern Europe (and Ireland), in which the patient has a positive duty to maximise his or her own health and to follow the doctor’s instructions, whilst the physician is constrained more by professional norms than by patient rightsThe liberal, rights‐based models of Western Europe, in which the patient retains the negative right to override medical opinion, even if his or her mental capacity is in doubtThe social welfarist models of the Nordic countries, which concentrate on positive rights and entitlements to universal healthcare provision and entrust dispute resolution to non‐elected administrative officials
Pupil‐centred learning, ICT, and teacher behaviour: observations in educational practice
Authors: Smeets Ed , Mooij Ton 
Published: March 2003

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is believed to contribute to innovative, pupil‐centred learning environments. In these environments, curriculum characteristics fit pupil characteristics better and teachers act as coaches instead of lecturers. This article presents results from a study of teaching–learning characteristics and the role of the teacher in ICT learning environments. Observations were carried out in classrooms of 25 technology‐rich primary and secondary schools in five European countries.Qualitative and quantitative results show that in many cases ICT is used to facilitate traditional ways of teaching. Some examples of promising ICT teaching–learning situations are presented. In addition, quantitative results indicate that learning environments are more pupil‐centred when there is a higher degree of curriculum differentiation and when teachers act as coaches. However, even if teachers act as coaches, they tend to stay firmly in control of the learning environment.
An Empirical Evaluation of Conflict in the Franchise System
Authors: Spinelli Steve , Birley Sue 
Published: March 2003

This paper articulates the theoretical rationale for conflict in franchising, operationalizes conflict through the measurement of franchisee satisfaction and labels empirically supported stratified satisfaction levels. Two propositions are advanced in relation to the drivers of conflict in franchise systems. The first proposition is underpinned by relational exchange theory, which postulates that franchisee–franchisor goal congruence is important to the fulfilment of the alliance efficiencies which motivate inter‐organizational forms. Cooperation, communication, coordination and commitment, as perceived by the franchisees, are used in the context of a survey instrument to operationalize goal congruence.The second proposition involves franchisor‐provided services. Transaction‐cost analysis suggests that long‐term contractual relationships must be flexibly interpreted and governed if the relationship is to be maintained over a series of transactions. We propose that the transactional intersection of the franchise system is in franchisor‐provided services. The perceived importance and subsequent adequacy of delivery of these services established a tolerance zone within which transactions support and/or enhance the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee.The empirical objectives of the study are accomplished utilizing a questionnaire sent to nine franchise systems, to which 621 franchisees responded. Three clear clusters of franchisee conflict emerged in near equal proportions. The propositions are supported and illustrated empirically and in CHAID tree diagram form.
Multiresolution Curve and Surface Representation: Reversing Subdivision Rules by Least‐Squares Data Fitting
Authors: Samavati Faramarz F. , Bartels Richard H. 
Published: March 2003

This work explores how three techniques for defining and representing curves and surfaces can be related efficiently. The techniques are subdivision, least‐squares data fitting, and wavelets. We show how least‐squares data fitting can be used to “reverse” a subdivision rule, how this reversal is related to wavelets, how this relationship can provide a multilevel representation, and how the decomposition/reconstruction process can be carried out in linear time and space through the use of a matrix factorization.Some insights that this work brings forth are that the inner product used in a multiresolution analysis in uences the support of a wavelet, that wavelets can be constructed by straightforward matrix observations, and that matrix partitioning and factorization can provide alternatives to inverses or duals for building efficient decomposition and reconstruction processes. We illustrate our findings using an example curve, grey‐scale image, and tensor‐product surface.
Recent Advances in Volume Visualization
Authors: Brodlie Ken , Wood Jason 
Published: March 2003

In the past few years, there have been key advances in the three main approaches to the visualization of volumetric data: isosurfacing, slicing and volume rendering, which together make up the field of volume visualization.In this survey paper we set the scene by describing the fundamental techniques for each of these approaches, using this to motivate the range of advances which have evolved over the past few years.In isosurfacing, we see how the original marching cubes algorithm has matured, with improvements in robustness, topological consistency, accuracy and performance. In the performance area, we look in detail at pre‐processing steps which help identify data which contributes to the particular isosurface required. In slicing too, there are performance gains from identifying active cells quickly.In volume rendering, we describe the two main approaches of ray casting and projection. Both approaches have evolved technically over the past decade, and the holy grail of real‐time volume rendering has arguably been reached.The aim of this review paper is to pull these developments together in a coherent review of recent advances in volume visualization.
Radiosity in Flatland
Authors: Heckhert Paul S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe radiosity method for the simulation of interreflection of light between diffuse surfaces is such a common image synthesis technique that its derivation is worthy of study. We here examine the radiosity method in a two dimensional, flatland world. It is shown that the radiosity method is a simple finite element method for the solution of the integral equation governing global illumination. These two‐dimensional studies help explain the radiosity method in general and suggest a number of improvements to existing algorithms. In particular, radiosity solutions can be improved using a priori discontinuity meshing, placing mesh boundaries on discontinuities such as shadow edges. When discontinuity meshing is used along with piecewise‐linear approximations instead of the current piecewise‐constant approximations, the accuracy of radiosity simulations can be greatly increased.
Landscapes Synthesis Achieved through Erosion and Deposition Process Simulation
Authors: Roudier P. , Peroche B. , Perrin M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper describes an original approach to terrain evolution in landscapes synthesis. In order to create some realistic landforms, we simulate geologically contrasted terrains and apply to them deterministic erosion processes. This allows us to relate the erosion on any point of the landsurface to local geological parameters. Any height field may be chosen as an initial topographic surface. Small perturbations may be introduced to avoid unpleasant regularities. A 3D model defines the geological parameters of each point according to its elevation. Our method is iterative: at each step, rock removal and possible alluvial deposition are computed at each point of the landsurface. The available erosion laws simulate mechanical erosion, chemical dissolution and alluvial deposition. At the end of each iteration, a new landsurface and the corresponding river network are created. Landsurfaces can be visualized at the final stage by two rendering algorithms including natural textures mapping. The stream network and the ridges may also be visualized.
A Data Structure for Artificial Terrain Generation
Authors: Dixon A. R. , Kirby G. H. , Wills D. P. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper addresses the problems of maintaining the consistency of spatial data under recursive subdivision algorithms for artificial terrain generation. Fractal modelling techniques are outlined, with particular reference to those based on fractional Brownian motion, and included is a brief history of recursive subdivision techniques. Existing polyhedral data structures are reviewed and shown to be inadequate for maintenance of consistency as polygons are subdivided. A new edge‐based data structure is presented which provides for the efficient use and consistent storage of spatial data under these conditions. The data structure is applicable to polygons of any order and allows neighbouring polygons of different order to be stored and subdivided. Artificial terrain is demonstrated from subdivision of the hexagon, of the quadrilateral and of a combination of hexagons, quadrilaterals and triangles.
Symbolic and Numeric Computation in Curve Interrogation
Authors: Elber Gershon 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe control of shape of curves is of great importance in computer aided geometric design. Determination of planar curves' convexity, the detection of infection points, coincident regions, and self intersection points, the enclosed area of a closed curve, and the locations of extreme curvature are importantfeatures of curves that can affect the design, in modelling environments.In this paper, we investigate the ability to robustly answer the above queries and related questions using an approach which exploits both symbolic computation and numeric analysis.
Isometric Piecewise Polynomial Curves
Authors: Fiume Eugene 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe main preoccupations of research in computer‐aided geometric design have been on shape‐specification techniques for polynomial curves and surfaces, and on the continuity between segments or patches. When modelling with such techniques, curves and surfaces can be compressed or expanded arbitrarily. There has been relatively little work on interacting with direct spatial properties of curves and surfaces, such as their arc length or surface area. As a first step, we derive families of parametric piecewise polynomial curves that satisfy various positional and tangential constraints together with arc‐length constraints. We call these curves isometric curves. A space curve is defined as a sequence of polynomial curve segments, each of which is defined by the familiar Hermite or Bézier constraints for cubic polynomials; as well, each segment is constrained to have a specified arc length. We demonstrate that this class of curves is attractive and stable. We also describe the numerical techniques used that are sufficient for achieving real time interaction with these curves on low‐end workstations.
A Geometrical Based Method for Highly Complex Structured Textures Generation
Authors: Dischler Jean‐Michel , Ghazanfarpour Djamchid 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConventional 2D or 3D texturing methods do not permit an efficient simulation of highly complex structured textures like fire, fur, cotton, etc. More recent techniques, using specific kinds of 3D textures, such as hypertextures or texels based on volume rendering algorithms, are more interesting, for the simulation of such special types of textures. Unfortunately, these techniques remain still restricted because either they need a functional modelling of the object, as it is the case of hypertextures, or they are strictly limited to one specific kind of texture, as it is the case of texels.In this paper we present a new approach for applying a wide range of very different types of highly complex structured textures (fur, fire, water drops, cotton, fume, …) on every kind of objects. This method is particularly based on the geometrical information given by a geometrical model (as the polyhedral or CSG modelling). Like hypertextures or texels, our method uses the volume density rendering, but it isfree of the serious above mentioned restrictions of these methods. In addition, it allows an easy and very intuitive control of the global geometrical shape of generated textures. Its manipulation is simple evenfor a novice user.