bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevant repositories of public knowledge?
Authors: Usherwood Bob , Wilson Kerry , Bryson Jared 
Published: July 2005

In a project funded by the AHRB, researchers at the University of Sheffield used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine the perceived contemporary relevance of archives, libraries and museums. The research sought to discern how far the British people value access to these established repositories of public knowledge (RPKs) in what some have called the ‘information age’. A telephone survey was used to establish how Britons perceive, value and use, archives, libraries and museums as sources of public knowledge when seeking information on, and trying to understand, contemporary social concerns. In addition, through a series of focus groups it investigated the perceptions and use of other possible sources of information and understanding, and asked about the perceived trustworthiness and authenticity of these different sources. The data have revealed a number of overlapping themes that help illuminate the role and value of RPKs as understood by a sample of the public, and by the professionals engaged in their day-to-day operations. They also demonstrate how factors such as access and speed of delivery, the depth of complexity of the issues, and the volume of information available can affect the use of libraries, archives and museums. The issue of trust is shown to play a significant part in the public’s information-seeking behaviour, although the data reveal a discrepancy between the information sources that are the most used and those highly trusted. Public libraries are the most trusted sources, and tabloid papers the least. The extent to which the public feel ‘empowered’ or ‘apathetic’ towards the issues of the day is discussed together with the implications of this for RPKs. The research also shows that lifestyle and life stages are significant factors when assessing the value of RPKs, and examining patterns of use. On the basis of the evidence the authors argue that museums, libraries and archives are still regarded as relevant repositories of public knowledge. Further they suggest that they are some of only a relatively small number of true information organizations. RPKs are not necessarily relevant to all people, all of the time, but the data strongly suggest that most consider archives, libraries and museums to be important institutions even if they do not use them on a regular basis. That is to say, people believe that it is essential for society to maintain and sustain the established repositories of public knowledge.
Action Alters Shape Categories
Authors: Smith Linda B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTwo experiments show that action alters the shape categories formed by 2‐year‐olds. Experiment 1 shows that moving an object horizontally (or vertically) defines the horizontal (or vertical) axis as the main axis of elongation and systematically changes the range of shapes seen as similar. Experiment 2 shows that moving an object symmetrically (or asymmetrically) also alters shape categories. Previous work has shown marked developmental changes in object recognition between 1 and 3 years of age. These results suggest a role for action in this developmental process.
An Incremental Procedural Grammar for Sentence Formulation
Authors: Kempen Gerard , Hoenkamp Edward 
Published: July 2005

This paper presents a theory of the syntactic aspects of human sentence production. An important characteristic of unprepared speech is that overt pronunciation of a sentence can be initiated before the speaker has completely worked out the meaning content he or she is going to express in that sentence. Apparently, the speaker is able to build up a syntactically coherent utterance out of a series of syntactic fragments each rendering a new part of the meaning content. This incremental, left‐to‐right mode of sentence production is the central capability of the proposed Incremental Procedural Grammar (IPG). Certain other properties of spontaneous speech, as derivable from speech errors, hesitations, self‐repairs, and language pathology, are accounted for as well.The psychological plausibility thus gained by the grammar appears compatible with a satisfactory level of linguistic plausibility in that sentences receive structural descriptions which are in line with current theories of grammar. More importantly, an explanation for the existence of configurational conditions on transformations and other linguistics rules is proposed.The basic design feature of IPG which gives rise to these psychologically and linguistically desirable properties, is the “Procedures + Stack” concept. Sentences are built not by a central constructing agency which overlooks the whole process but by a team of syntactic procedures (modules) which work—in parallel—on small parts of the sentence, have only a limited overview, and whose sole communication channel is a stack.IPG covers object complement constructions, interrogatives, and word order in main and subordinate clauses. It handles unbounded dependencies, crossserial dependencies and coordination phenomena such as gapping and conjunction reduction. It is also capable of generating self‐repairs and elliptical answers to questions. IPG has been implemented as an incremental Dutch sentence generator written in LISP.
The Processes of Scientific Discovery: The Strategy of Experimentation
Authors: Kulkarni Deepak , Simon Herbert A. 
Published: July 2005

Hans Krebs' discovery, in 1932, of the urea cycle was a major event in biochemistry. This article describes a program, KEKADA, which models the heuristics Hans Krebs used in this discovery. KEKADA reacts to surprises, formulates explanations, and carries out experiments in the same manner as the evidence in the form of laboratory notebooks and interviews indicates Hans Krebs did. Furthermore, we answer a number of questions about the nature of the heuristics used by Krebs, in particular: How domain‐specific are the heuristics? To what extent are they idiosyncratic to Krebs? To what extent do they represent general strategies of problem‐solving search?The relative generality of KEKADA allows us to view the control structure of KEKADA and its domain‐independent heuristics as a model of scientific experimentation that should apply over a broad domain.
Implementation of an Intuitive Writing Interface and a Laparoscopic Robot for Gynaecological Laser Assisted Surgery
Authors: Tang H-W , Brussel H Van , Sloten J Vander , Reynaerts D , Koninckx P R 
Published: July 2005

The research reported in this paper aims at applying the human handwriting skill to improve and facilitate the control of laser-assisted laparoscopic surgery operations performed by gynaecological surgeons. For the purpose, a laparoscopic robot was interfaced with a digitizing tablet. This interface, further called the intuitive writing interface (IWI), directly converts the hand trajectory, handwritten on the tablet, into an input signal to the robot. It replaces the traditional complex manipulations performed by the surgeon during manual laparoscopic surgery by natural handwriting. It provides the surgeon with an intuitive ‘what-you-draw-is-what-you-cut’ control facility by employing his/her familiar handwriting skills to control the laser ablation process accurately. The system was successfully built and tested in vitro. Performance tests on the robot resulted in tracking errors in the order of 1 mm in the target plane at an ablation speed of 20 mm/s. The high accuracy of the system was successfully demonstrated by cutting characters 4 mm high on an apple. These results indicate that laser ablation performance is upgraded by the IWI to the accuracy levels of human handwriting, which is much higher than can be obtained with manual laser laparoscopy. Safety features include the use of pen contact with the tablet as a safety switch, and back drivability in the robot joints for easy manual positioning and evacuation in case of emergency.
Facile Nonsurfactant Route to Silica-based Bimodal Xerogels with Micro/Mesopores
Authors: Yang Dongjiang , Xu Yao , Zhai Shangru , Zheng Junlin , Li Junping , Wu Dong , Sun Yuhan 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
A simple and nonsurfactant synthesis pathway has been developed to prepare silica-based bimodal micro/mesoporous hybrids using mixed polymethylhydrosiloxane and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica sources.
Induction of Optical Activity in Oligosilanes by Chiral Wrapping with β-1,3-Glucan (Schizophyllan)
Authors: Sanji Takanobu , Kato Nobu , Tanaka Masato 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Linear oligosilanes form inclusion complexes with schizophyllan to induce a preferential helical conformation within the chiral environment constructed by wrapping with schizophyllan.
Sulfur-bridged Linkage of [Ni(thiolato)2(amine)2]-type Complexes with Linear Gold(I) Ions Assisted by Aurophilic Interaction
Authors: Konno Takumi , Usami Masafumi , Toyota Atsushi , Hirotsu Masakazu , Kawamoto Tatsuya 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
The reaction of [Ni(aet)2] (aet = −SCH2CH2NH2) with AuI in water gave a S-bridged NiII2AuI2 tetranuclear structure in [Au2{Ni(aet)}2]2+, while the corresponding reaction using [Ni(L)] (L = [−SCH2CH2N=C(CH3)–]2) led to the formation of a NiII4AuI4 octanuclear structure in [Au4{Ni(L)}4]4+. Their molecular structures exhibiting aurophilic interactions were established by X-ray crystallography.
Controlled Synthesis of Novel Chromium Nitride Dendritic and Bundle-like Nanocrystals via Solvent-free Route at Low Temperature
Authors: Luo Wei , Zheng Fei , Zhu Kun , Tian Xiaobo , Xie Yi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
By controlling the supersaturation, cubic CrN with novel dendritic and bundle-like nanostructures was synthesized via the solvent-free reaction of CrCl3 and NaNH2 at 250 °C. On the basis of the characterization of the obtained products by XRD, XPS, TEM, HRTEM, and FESEM, the possible formation mechanism of CrN with different nanostructures is proposed here.
Synthesis of Well-dispersed CuI Nanoparticles from an Available Solution Precursor
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Shuman , Kimura Keisaku 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
A convenient liquid-phase route was proposed to synthesize well-dispersed CuI nanoparticles from Cu+–DMF solution precursor, which was prepared by dissolving bulk CuI in DMF. When water was gradually added, nanoscaled CuI was produced through the decomposition of the complex formed in this solution. A passivation layer of Cu+–DMF adsorbed on the particle surface was suggested to be responsible for the nanoparticle formation.
A Novel Diterpenoid from Euphorbia fischeriana
Authors: Wang Yu-Bo , Yao Guang-Min , Wang Hong-Bing , Qin Guo-Wei 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Langduin D, a novel modified ent-abietane diterpenoid with an arylphloroglucinol moiety was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana. Its structure was established by spectral data and confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Resource Flexibility with Responsive Pricing
Authors: Chod Jiri , Rudi Nils 
Published: July 2005

This article studies two types of flexibility used by firms to better respond to uncertain market conditions: resource flexibility and responsive pricing. We consider a situation in which a single flexible resource can be used to satisfy two distinct demand classes. While the resource capacity must be decided based on uncertain demand functions, the resource allocation as well as the pricing decision are made based on the realized demand functions. We characterize the effects of two key drivers of flexibility: demand variability and demand correlation, assuming normally distributed demand curve intercepts. Demand variability creates opportunity costs and, with fixed prices, decreases the firm’s profit. We show that with the additional flexibility gained from responsive pricing, the firm can maximize the benefits of favorable demand conditions and mitigate the effects of poor demand conditions, ultimately profiting from variability. Positive demand correlation, on the other hand, remains undesirable under responsive pricing. The optimal capacity of the flexible resource is always increasing in both demand variability and demand correlation. This contrasts with the scenarios based on fixed prices, highlighting the crucial difference that responsive pricing makes in the management of flexible resources. We further quantify the value of flexibility for the firm and its customers by considering, as a benchmark, a firm relying on two dedicated resources. The value of flexibility is most significant if the demand levels are highly variable and negatively correlated. In such cases, the firm benefits from demand variability due to responsive pricing, while facing limited demand risk due to resource flexibility. Finally, we endogenize the input price of the flexible resource by considering the pricing decision of the resource supplier.
Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks
Authors: Nasidze Ivan , Quinque Dominique , Dupanloup Isabelle , Cordaux Richard , Kokshunova Lyudmila , Stoneking Mark 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe Kalmyks are an ethnic group along the lower Volga River in Russia who are thought to have migrated there from Mongolia about 300 years ago. To investigate their origins, we studied mtDNA and Y‐chromosome variation in 99 Kalmyks. Both mtDNA HV1 sequences and Y‐chromosome SNP haplogroups indicate a close relationship of Kalmyks with Mongolians. In addition, genetic diversity for both mtDNA and the Y chromosome are comparable in Kalmyks, Mongolians, and other Central Asian groups, indicating that the Kalmyk migration was not associated with a substantial bottleneck. The so‐called “Genghis Khan” Y‐chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) haplotype was found in high frequency (31.3%) among Kalmyks, further supporting a strong genetic connection between Kalmyks and Mongolians. Genetic analyses of even recent, relatively well‐documented migrations such as of the Kalmyks can therefore lead to new insights concerning such migrations. Am J Phys Anthropol 126:, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ion Binding to Bilayers of the Iridescent Phase in Aqueous Tetradecyldimethylaminoxid Studied by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Jakubowska Anna 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe behaviour of a tetradecyldimethylaminoxid (C14DMAO) iridescent solution with a strict composition has been investigated in the presence of NaCl, KCl, NaF, KF, NaClO4, or NH4ClO4 at a constant ionic strength. Specific ion effects (the Hofmeister effects), arising when changing ions of the same valency, have been studied. The interactions of C14DMAO molecules with the added ions have been investigated by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The ESI‐MS results indicate that C14DMAO bilayer interactions are stronger with cations than with anions. Among the cations studied here, potassium ions are more favourably bound at the C14DMAO bilayers than sodium ions. The aminoxide groups of the C14DMAO molecules do not bind NH4+ ions. The positive charge of the electric double layers on the C14DMAO bilayers is neutralised by anions of the added electrolytes. Consequently, the separation distance between the lamellar layers decreases and the ordering in the studied systems is broken. Among the studied counterions, chloride ions are most strongly bound to the interface causing the greatest breakdown of the ordering in the iridescent solution.
Molecular cloning and developmental expression of foxP2 in zebrafish
Authors: Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Chien Chi‐Bin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractForkhead domain transcription factors are a large gene family with multiple roles in development. FOXP2, a recently identified member of this family, has been shown to be critical for normal development of language in humans, but little is known of its broader function during nervous system development. We report here the cloning of foxP2, the zebrafish ortholog of FOXP2. Zebrafish FoxP2 is highly conserved in its zinc‐finger and forkhead domains, but lacks the large glutamine repeat characteristic of its orthologs. In examining the spatial and temporal distribution of foxP2 during development, we find that it is specifically expressed in many domains of the nervous system, including the telencephalon, diencephalon, cerebellum, hindbrain, tectum, retinal ganglion cells, and spinal cord. Thus, in addition to specific roles in language development, foxP2 likely has a more general conserved role in nervous system development. Developmental Dynamics 234:740–746, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of melanoblast and retinal pigment epithelium development by Xenopus laevis Mitf
Authors: Kumasaka Mayuko , Sato Shigeru , Yajima Ichiro , Goding Colin R. , Yamamoto Hiroaki 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMitf is a central regulator of pigment cell development that is essential for the normal development of the melanocyte and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lineages. To understand better the role of Mitf, we have used the Xenopus laevis experimental system to allow a rapid examination of the role of Mitf in vivo. Here, we report the function of XlMitfα‐M on melanophore development and melanization compared with that of Slug that is expressed in neural crest cells. Overexpression of XlMitfα‐M led to an increase in melanophores that was partly contributed by an increase in Slug‐positive cells, indicating that XlMitfα‐M is a key regulator of melanocyte/melanophore development and melanization. Moreover, overexpression of a dominant‐negative form of XlMitfα led to a decrease in the number of melanophores and induced abnormal melanoblast migration. We also observed an induction of ectopic RPE and extended RPE by overexpression of XlMitfα‐M and possible interactions between XlMitfα and several eye‐related genes essential for normal eye development. Developmental Dynamics 234:523–534, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blind deconvolution using TV regularization and Bregman iteration
Authors: He Lin , Marquina Antonio , Osher Stanley J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper we formulate a new time dependent model for blind deconvolution based on a constrained variational model that uses the sum of the total variation norms of the signal and the kernel as a regularizing functional. We incorporate mass conservation and the nonnegativity of the kernel and the signal as additional constraints. We apply the idea of Bregman iterative regularization, first used for image restoration by Osher and colleagues [S.J. Osher, M. Burger, D. Goldfarb, J.J. Xu, and W. Yin, An iterated regularization method for total variation based on image restoration, UCLA CAM Report, 04‐13, (2004)]. to recover finer scales. We also present an analytical study of the model discussing uniqueness of the solution, convergence to steady state and a priori parameter estimation. We present a simple algorithmic implementation of the model and we perform a series of numerical experiments to show evidence of the good behavior of the numerical scheme and quality of the results, improving on results obtained by Chan and Wang [T.F. Chan and C.K. Wong, Total variation blind deconvolution, IEEE Trans Image Process 7 (1998), 370–375]. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 74–83, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20040
Simultaneous total variation image inpainting and blind deconvolution
Authors: Chan Tony F. , Yip Andy M. , Park Frederick E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe propose a total variation based model for simultaneous image inpainting and blind deconvolution. We demonstrate that the tasks are inherently coupled together and that solving them individually will lead to poor results. The main advantages of our model are that (i) boundary conditions for deconvolution required near the interface between observed and occluded regions are naturally generated through inpainting; (ii) inpainting results are enhanced through deconvolution (as opposed to inpainting blurry images). As a result, ringing effects due to imposing improper boundary conditions and errors due to imperfection of inpainting blurry images are reduced. Moreover, our model can also be used to generate boundary conditions for regular deconvolution problems that yields better results than previous methods.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 92–102, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20041
Synthetic scaffold morphology controls human dermal connective tissue formation
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Pieper Jeroen , Péters Fabienne , van Blitterswijk Clemens A. , Lamme Evert N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEngineering tissues in bioreactors is often hampered by disproportionate tissue formation at the surface of scaffolds. This hinders nutrient flow and retards cell proliferation and tissue formation inside the scaffold. The objective of this study was to optimize scaffold morphology to prevent this from happening and to determine the optimal scaffold geometric values for connective tissue engineering. After comparing lyophilized crosslinked collagen, compression molded/salt leached PEGT/PBT copolymer and collagen‐PEGT/PBT hybrid scaffolds, the PEGT/PBT scaffold was selected for optimization. Geometric parameters were determined using SEM, microcomputed tomography, and flow permeability measurements. Fibroblast were seeded and cultured under dynamic flow conditions for 2 weeks. Cell numbers were determined using CyQuant DNA assay, and tissue distribution was visualized in H&E‐ and Sirius Red‐stained sections. Scaffolds 0.5 and 1.5 mm thick showed bridged connected tissue from top‐to‐bottom, whereas 4‐mm‐thick scaffolds only revealed tissue ingrowth until a maximum depth of 0.6–0.8 mm. Rapid prototyped scaffold were used to assess the maximal void space (pore size) that still could be filled with tissue. Tissue bridging between fibers was only found at fiber distances ≤401 ± 60 μm, whereas filling of void spaces in 3D‐deposited scaffolds only occurred at distances ≤273 ± 55 μm. PEGT/PBT scaffolds having similar optimal porosities, but different average interconnected pore sizes of 142 ± 50, 160 ± 56 to 191 ± 69 μm showed comparable seeding efficiencies at day 1, but after 2 weeks the total cell numbers were significantly higher in the scaffolds with intermediate and high interconnectivity. However, only scaffolds with an intermediate interconnectivity revealed homogenous tissue formation throughout the scaffold with complete filling of all pores. In conclusion, significant amount of connective tissue was formed within 14 days using a dynamic culture process that filled all void spaces of a PEGT/PBT scaffolds with the following geometric parameters: thickness 1.5–1.6 mm, pore size range 90–360 μm, and average interconnecting pore size of 160 ± 56 μm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Theoretical study of quinolines–I2 intermolecular interaction and implications on dye‐sensitized solar cell performance
Authors: Kusama Hitoshi , Sugihara Hideki 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe monomer and intermolecular charge‐transfer complexes of 13 different quinoline derivatives with diiodine were studied using ab initio molecular orbital (MO) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. Calculations revealed that the σ* orbital of iodine interacts with the nitrogen lone pair in the quinoline ring. The open‐circuit photovoltage (Voc) values of an Ru(II) complex dye‐sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell with an I−/I redox electrolyte in acetonitrile using quinoline additives were compared to the computational calculations on the intermolecular interaction between quinolines and I2. The optimized geometries, frequency analyses, Mulliken population analyses, natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, and interaction energies indicate that the Voc value of the solar cell is higher when quinoline complexes more favorably interact with I2. Therefore, the interaction between the quinoline additives and iodine redox electrolyte is an important factor for controlling dye‐sensitized solar cell performance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1372–1382, 2005