bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of [11C] N‐(2‐chloro‐5‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N′‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐methylguanidine ([11C]GMOM): a candidate PET tracer for imaging the PCP site of the NMDA ion channel
Authors: Waterhouse Rikki N. , Dumont Filip , Sultana Abida , Simpson Norman , Laruelle Marc 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) ion channel plays an important role in a number of neurodegenerative disorders including stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's Chorea, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy. To provide effective radioligands for imaging the PCP binding site of the NMDA ion channel, we synthesized and characterized in vitro the candidate PCP site ligand N‐(2‐chloro‐5‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N′‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐methylguanidine (GMOM: Ki = 5.2 ± 0.3 nM, log P = 2.34). The corresponding PET radiotracer [11C]GMOM was synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 8.4 ± 3.2% EOS and with a specific activity of 1.23 ± 0.25 Ci/μmol EOS (n = 5). The average time required for synthesis, purification and formulation was 52 ± 5 min. The final product was prepared in a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural requirements of nociceptin antagonist Ac‐RYYRIK‐NH2 for receptor binding
Authors: Kawano Michiaki , Okada Kazushi , Honda Takeshi , Nose Takeru , Sakaguchi Kazuyasu , Costa Tommaso , Shimohigashi Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAc‐RYYRIK‐NH2 is a peptide isolated from the peptide library as an antagonist that inhibits the biological activities of nociceptin, a hyperalgesic neuropeptide. In order to clarify the structural requirements of this peptide for binding to the nociceptin receptor ORL1, systematic structure–activity studies were carried out. The result of Ala‐scanning indicated that the N‐terminal tripeptide RYY(=Arg‐Tyr‐Tyr) is crucially important for binding to the ORL1 receptor. Residual truncations from the N‐ or C‐terminus revealed the special importance of the N‐terminal Arg residue. The removal of protecting groups indicated that the N‐terminal acetyl group is essential, but the C‐terminal amide group is insignificant. These results indicated the conspicuous importance of acetyl‐Arg at position 1 of Ac‐RYYRIK‐NH2 as a key structure allowing binding to the receptor. To investigate the binding site of this peptide in the ORL1 receptor, we synthesized and assayed a series of analogues of the nociceptin dibasic repeat region, residues 8–13 of RKSARK. None of the derivatives were active. Ac‐RYYRIK‐NH2 was inactive for the µ opioid receptor to which nociceptin binds with considerable strength. All the results suggested that the mode of binding between Ac‐RYYRIK‐NH2 and the ORL1 receptor is different to that between the ORL1 receptor and nociceptin, and that it may consist of interaction with the receptor site to which nociceptin(1–7) or ‐(14–17) binds. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hormonal and behavioral correlates of estrus in captive giant pandas
Authors: McGeehan Laura , Li Xuebing , Jackintell Lori , Huang Shiqiang , Wang Aiping , Czekala Nancy M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVariability in female estrus expression has been identified as a barrier to captive panda reproduction [Lindburg and Millard, 1995]. In China, researchers have reported that 80% of female giant pandas in captivity exhibit “weak estrus,” or “the absence of overt estrous behavior” [Shuling et al., 1997]. Previous research on the reproductive endocrinology and behavior of female giant pandas has been limited to one to three animals, limiting understanding of the causal factors related to variable estrous expression in captive animals. In 1997 a study was initiated to evaluate the reproductive biology and behavior of one of the largest captive populations of female giant pandas in China. A checksheet was developed to track the presence or absence of 13 behavioral and physiological indices of estrus in six captive females. Daily urine samples were analyzed for estrogens and progestins by enzyme‐immunoassay to determine whether ovulation took place. The behavioral and physiological indicators were aligned to the estrogen peak to examine the relationship between behavior of and ovarian hormones. Analyses of urinary ovarian hormones indicated that all females ovulated during the study. The data revealed that behavioral and physiological indices differed in their temporal relationship to ovarian hormones. Scent‐marking was present 6 days before the estrogen peak, but not afterwards. Bleat and chirp vocalizations were closely associated with the estrogen peak; however, receptive behaviors, such as lordosis and “tail up when touched,” were most closely associated with falling estrogens. Although all females displayed some type of estrous behavior during the study, individual females varied in the presence or absence of attractive, proceptive, and receptive behaviors. Despite the variation in the behavior of individual females, the hormonal data suggest that the variability in estrous expression in this population was not hormonally based. Zoo Biol 21:449–466, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case studies in antelope aggression control using a GnRH agonist
Authors: Penfold L.M. , Ball R. , Burden I. , Jöchle W. , Citino S.B. , Monfort S.L. , Wielebnowski N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMaintaining surplus captive male antelope in bachelor groups can result in aggression in some species, leading to injury or death. Suppressing endogenous testosterone using gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs has been used in primates to control aggressive behavior, but little information is available on the use of GnRH analogs in nondomestic ruminant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a slow‐release GnRH agonist (deslorelin) on circulating hormone concentrations, semen and sperm characteristics and behavior in male gerenuk, dorcas gazelle, and scimitar horned oryx. Body weight, testicular volume, circulating hormone concentrations, ejaculate traits, and behavior were recorded before and during deslorelin treatment. A GnRH challenge (with serial blood sampling) was administered to gerenuk and dorcas gazelles before and during GnRH analog treatment. Quantitative behavioral data were collected for gerenuk and dorcas gazelles for 30 min three times a week, starting 1 month before deslorelin treatment, and the mean incidence of combined aggressive behaviors (supplanting, foreleg kicking, sparring, marking, and mounting) was compared before and during deslorelin treatment. No statistical difference (P>0.05) in body weight, semen volume, sperm concentration, percent sperm motility, percent sperm plasma membrane integrity, or percent normal sperm morphology was found before or during deslorelin treatment. The characteristic rise in luteinizing hormone (LH), occurring ∼10 min following administration of a GnRH challenge in untreated males, was not evident during deslorelin treatment, although tonic LH concentrations were maintained. No differences (P>0.05) in the mean incidence of any aggressive behavioral traits in gerenuk or dorcas gazelle were detected before and during deslorelin. The absence of a GnRH‐induced increase in serum LH in treated males indicated that deslorelin suppressed pituitary responsiveness to endogenous GnRH, but that the continued tonic production of LH was sufficient to maintain testosterone production, aggressive behavior, and subsequent semen production. Zoo Biol 21:435–448, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propranolol Inhibits Hyphal Development in
Candida albicans
Authors: Baker Carol A. , Desrosiers Kevin , Dolan Joseph W. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

Propranolol was used to investigate the role of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol in the dimorphic transition in
Candida albicans
. Propranolol was able to inhibit the appearance of germ tubes without decreasing growth rate. Data suggest that inhibition of morphogenesis may be due to binding by propranolol of PA derived from PLD1 hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.
Clinical Strain of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Carrying a
bla
TEM-21
Gene Located on a Chromosomal Interrupted Tn
A
Type Transposon
Authors: Dubois Véronique , Arpin Corinne , Noury Patrick , Quentin Claudine 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

A clinical isolate of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
was found to produce a clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamase with a pI of 6.4. PCR, cloning, and sequencing experiments showed that the corresponding
bla
TEM-21
gene was part of a chromosomally located Tn
801
transposon disrupted by an IS
6100
element and adjacent to an
aac(3)-II
gene.
LPS-induced platelet response and rapid shock in mice: contribution of O-antigen region of LPS and involvement of the lectin pathway of the complement system
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Ohtaki Yuko , Yamaguchi Kouji , Matsushita Misao , Fujita Teizo , Yokochi Takashi , Takada Haruhiko , Endo Yasuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIntravenous injection of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice induces a rapid accumulation of platelets in the lung and liver. When degradation of the accumulated platelets occurs, anaphylactoid shock follows rapidly, the severity of the shock paralleling the quantity of platelets accumulated in the lung. Here we examined the contributions made by LPS structure and the complement system to the platelet response to LPS. BALB/c mice were injected with an LPS fromEscherichia coli O8, O9, O111, or K-12, or from recombinant mutants of K-12. The O-regions of the O8 and O9 LPSs consist of a mannose homopolysaccharide (MHP), while that of O111 consists of a heteropolysaccharide (not including mannose), and K-12 LPS lacks an O-region. O111 LPS was devoid of the ability to induce the platelet response or shock, while the ability of K-12 LPS was weak. The 2 recombinant LPSs—each having an O-region (from O8 or O9) linked to K-12 LPS—exhibited activities similar to or stronger than those of their original LPSs. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complexed with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) bound strongly to LPSs containing MHP and caused C4 activation. Moreover, the abilities of these LPSs to activate the complement system corresponded well with their abilities to induce the platelet response and rapid shock. These results suggest that the structure of the O-antigen region is important for the platelet response to LPS, and that activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system is involved in this response.
Rituximab in the treatment of acquired factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: Wiestner Adrian , Cho Hearn J. , Asch Adam S. , Michelis Mary Ann , Zeller Jack A. , Peerschke Ellinor I. B. , Weksler Babette B. , Schechter Geraldine P. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII) are rare but can cause life-threatening bleeding requiring costly factor replacement and prolonged immunosuppression. We report 4 consecutively treated patients whose acquired FVIII inhibitors responded rapidly to immunosuppressive regimens that included rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against CD20+ B cells. Three patients had spontaneously occurring inhibitors. The fourth, a patient with mild hemophilia A, developed both an autoantibody and an alloantibody following recombinant FVIII treatment. Pretreatment FVIII activities ranged from less than 1% to 4% and inhibitor titers from 5 to 60 Bethesda units (BU). One patient with polymyalgia rheumatica who developed the inhibitor while receiving prednisone responded to single agent rituximab. The hemophilia patient had rapid resolution of the autoantibody, whereas the alloantibody persisted for months. Responses continue off treatment from more than 7 to more than 12 months. This report adds to the growing evidence that rituximab has efficacy in immune disorders resulting from autoantibody formation.
Window on the Ear: Barbara Hepworth and the Fenestration Series of Drawings
Authors: Booth John B. 
Published: October 2002

In November 1943, one of Barbara Hepworth’s daughters (Sarah, one of triplets) developed osteomyelitis of the thigh. This necessitated operation and subsequent treatment at the Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre in Exeter by Mr. Norman Capener. Artist and surgeon subsequently became friends and she encouraged his activities as a ‘weekend sculptor’. At his invitation she came to the hospital in November 1947 watching him in out-patients but more particularly in the operating theatre; other visits to London and Exeter followed. These studies of orthopaedic procedures form the great majority of Hepworth’s sixty-plus hospital drawings/paintings but there is also a small group of six paintings involving an operation on the ear made in April and May 1948. The link between these two and the introduction to the ear surgeon, Mr Garnett Passe, is unclear.Five of the paintings of the ear operation are still in circulation but there is also a sketchbook containing no fewer than 28 drawings. A selection of the sketches together with the fenestration series of paintings will be discussed and also the relationship with the surgeon, Mr Garnett Passe.
Clinical features of pharyngeal cancer: a retrospective study of 258 consecutive patients
Authors: Uzcudun A. Escribano , Fernández P. Bravo , Sánchez J. J. , Grande A. García , Retolaza I. Rabanal , Barón M. González , Bouzas J. Gavilán 
Published: October 2002

Pharyngeal cancer still presents an unsatisfactory mortality (30-40 per cent in most series, with a slightly better prognosis for nasopharyngeal cancer relative to both oropharyngeal and hypophyarngeal cancers) despite advances in treatment. Therefore, it is critical to know the clinical features of pharyngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most relevant clinical features of pharyngeal cancer (oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal) in order to improve knowledge of this malignancy with the aim of ameliorating diagnosis and treatment.The retrospective study was based on a review of medical records from 258 consecutive patients with pharyngeal cancer (oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) diagnosed at La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, between January 1 1991 and and December 31 1995. Medical records were provided by the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radiation Oncology, and Medical Oncology.All medical records were analysed for the following clinical variables: 1) incidence, 2) sociodemographics, 3) sites (oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx) and subsites, 4) clinical and histological staging, 5) pathlogy, 6) presenting symptoms, 7) time to diagnosis, 8) patients’ general performance status at diagnosis, 9) personal cancer history and synchronous head and neck tumours, 10) premalignant lesions, and 11) paediatric cases.Our most outstanding finding was the excessively long time that elapsed between first clinical manifestation appearance and conclusive diagnosis of pharyngeal cancer (4.7 months for pharynx, 4.5 for oropharynx, 4.4 for hypopharynx and 6.5 for nasopharynx cancers). It was found that nasopharyngeal cancer was quite different from both oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers with respect to its potential aetiology, risk factors and clinical presentation. In addition it has a better prognosis.
Randomized trial on the treatment of oedematous acute otitis externa using ear wicks or ribbon gauze: clinical outcome and cost
Authors: Pond Franklin , McCarty Dan , O’Leary Stephen 
Published: October 2002

Acute otitis externa is a common condition that can be extremely painful. When there is considerable canal oedema, packing is necessary to facilitate the passage of medication. The experience at the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital is that ear wicks generally require removal in two to three days by medical staff and can be labour intensive as they often involve serial removals following re-insertions. Alternatively, medicated ribbon gauze is cheap and can be removed by the patient at home. Ear wick and mediated ribbon gauze were investigated by a prospective randomized trial involving 94 patients.Fewer out-patient visits were required for the ribbon gauze group (two vs. three, p<0.0001) with considerably less material and labour costs than the wick group. Similar resolution rates were achieved (70 per cent vs. 64 per cent, p = 0.58). Following development of guidelines, theproportion of otitis externa patient reviews in the accident and emergency department declined from 49 per cent to 36 per cent.Compared with the ear wick, medicated ribbon gauze is a cost-effective method of treating oedematous acute otitis externa.
Lateral rhinotomy through nasal aesthetic subunits. Improved cosmetic outcome
Authors: Hussain A. , Hilmi O. J. , Murray D. P. 
Published: October 2002

The traditional lateral rhinotomy incision described originally by Moure in 1902 has proved a versatile approach to the mid-facial skeleton. It is not, however, without its complications, particularly poor cosmesis due to depression of the nasofacial groove. In one series 10 per cent of patients developed wound complications. We present our modification of the lateral rhinotomy incision, that takes account of the nasal aesthetic subunits by placing the incision between the dorsal and side wall nasal subunits with extension inferiorly along the alar groove.From November 1994 to February 2001, a retrospective review of case notes showed that 20 patients underwent modified lateral rhinotomy incision for a variety of pathology. Ten cases were for transitional papilloma, nine for malignant disease and one for chronic osteitis of the maxilla and ethmoids post-trauma. Follow up ranged from two weeks to five years. In five cases we were able to preserve the bony piriform aperture without compromising the excision or exposure. We believe that preservation of the bony piriform aperture will further enhance the overall cosmesis and nasal function. No complaints related to the incision were recorded.Our experience with the modified lateral rhinotomy incision has been very satisfactory. It provides good exposure, a low complication rate and excellent cosmetic outcome without undue technical difficulty. It is our preferred incision for all surgery on the mid-facial skeleton and anterior skull base.
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Obesity Development in Canadian Children
Authors: Chen Zheng Hao , Mousavi Sara , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Simons Elinor , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Subbarao Padmaja , Miliku Kozeta 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceUltraprocessed foods (UPF), characterized as shelf-stable but nutritionally imbalanced foods, pose a public health crisis worldwide. In adults, UPF consumption is associated with increased obesity risk, but findings among children are inconsistent.ObjectivesTo examine the associations among UPF intake, anthropometric adiposity indicators, and obesity status in Canadian children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn the CHILD Cohort Study, one of the largest prospective, multicenter, population-based pregnancy cohorts in Canada, diet was assessed during the 3-year visit (September 2011 to June 2016), and anthropometric measurements were assessed at the 5-year visit (December 2013 to April 2018). Data analysis was performed between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024.ExposureDiet intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at 3 years of age. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification system.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnthropometric adiposity indicators were measured at 5 years of age and used to calculate age- and sex-standardized z scores for body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, and obesity, which was defined using BMI z score cutoffs. Multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were used to examine the associations of UPF with adiposity and obesity development, accounting for parental, birth, and early-childhood factors.ResultsAmong 2217 participants included in this study, median age at the outcome assessment was 5.0 (IQR, 5.0-5.1) years, and 1175 (53.0%) were males. At 3 years of age, UPF contributed 45.0% of total daily energy intake. UPF energy contribution was higher in males vs females (46.0% vs 43.9%; P &amp;lt; .001). Among all participants, higher UPF intake at 3 years of age was associated with higher anthropometric adiposity indicators at 5 years of age, primarily driven by males. In males, every 10% UPF energy increase was associated with higher adiposity indicator z scores for BMI (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03-0.14), waist to height ratio (β, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.12), and subscapular (β, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.18) and triceps (β, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.15) skinfold thickness and higher odds of living with overweight or obesity (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36). No significant associations were observed among females.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of Canadian children, high UPF consumption during early childhood was associated with obesity development, primarily in males. These findings can inform targeted public health initiatives for early childhood centers and caregiver education programs to reduce UPF intake and prevent obesity.
Modelling alternative management strategies of invasive tree species at the expansion front: Ligustrum lucidum as a case study
Authors: Montti Lia , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Powell Priscila A. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Travis Justin M. J. , Ponchon Aurore 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Managing invasive non‐native species is a global challenge, especially for long‐lived trees like Ligustrum lucidum, known for its detrimental effects on invaded ecosystems.

Using individual‐based models (IBMs), we simulated different control methods on the population dynamics and range expansion propensity of the established population. Across different sets of simulations, we varied the number of life stages and sites targeted. We additionally investigated how changing the management strategy over time affected outcomes.

Controlling all life stages was essential to contain the expansion of L. lucidum. Removing both reproductive and non‐reproductive stages was more than twice as effective as removing either saplings or reproductive stages only, especially if a high number of sites were targeted every year. The method of selecting sites for removal within the population was important if only saplings were removed; in which case targeting the most recently colonized sites was the most effective strategy. Finally, a strategy that switches after 5 years from controlling all stages to focusing exclusively on early life stages could be effective at reducing both the total population size and the area occupied.

Practical implication: This approach could be valuable when the availability of long‐term resources for control is limited. The ability of IBMs to simulate various scenarios and assess outcomes at population and landscape levels enhances their utility for predicting invasive non‐native species management success. It can be a solution to reducing the time and cost of fieldwork, helping to identify potential limitations of control actions.