bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From stationary to directional transition: a case study in Doñana
Authors: Muñoz-Reinoso José Carlos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Context
Doñana’s landscape is a mosaic of different types of transitions at different spatial and temporal scales. Among them, stationary transitions are relatively stable over time, while directional transitions involve the unidirectional movement of boundaries. The fiftieth anniversary of the Doñana National Park (SW Spain) provided a framework to test the transformation of a biotic transition from stationary to directional.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine landscape changes along a stationary groundwater-dependent transition, the processes responsible for them, and the consequences for the biotic transition.

Methods
Through detailed photointerpretation, nine land use/land cover categories were mapped at four dates (1971, 1984, 2002, 2019) on a ca. 2 square km plot, and then changes analysed at three levels (interval, category, and transition) using Intensity Analysis. Potential causes including precipitation, groundwater levels, local management and changes in the surroundings were examined to understand the changes.

Results
Juniper woodland, spontaneous pines and mixed shrub categories showed the greatest gains and were most active. In the third interval (2002–19) largest transitions from pond-grassland to several terrestrial categories and the dead of heathlands indicate the encroachment of xeric communities into hygrophytic ones. Observed changes seem to be due to succession, forestry management and extrinsic drivers such groundwater overexploitation in the surroundings of the protected area.

Conclusions
The long-term study of this stationary transition shows the weakening of the factors that controlled its establishment, the loss of its constituent habitats due to groundwater withdrawal, and its conversion into a directional transition.
Effect of Surface Oxide on Decarburization Reaction in the Austenitic Steel S304HCu
Authors: Zurek J. , Cosler H. , Quadakkers W. J. , Naumenko D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the present work, the high-temperature decarburization of the austenitic stainless steel S304HCu in Ar–4%H2–xH2O at temperatures between 1000 and 1150 °C was investigated. The focus was on determining parameters that influence the decarburization rate during heat treatment. Thermogravimetric experiments were performed with simultaneous measurements of CO release from the sample using a mass spectrometer. The variation of the experimental parameters included the composition of the atmosphere during pre-oxidation and decarburization, the temperature and the sample thickness. The results indicate that the loss of carbon from the specimen occurs faster through reaction of Cr2O3with C from the steel compared to the reaction of C at the steel surface with H2O, provided that in the former case CO can easily evaporate. The overall decarburization process is governed by competing reactions; the destruction of chromium oxide by C and the formation of oxide scale by water vapour. The relative rates of these two reactions determines whether decarburization will occur or whether formation of a protective oxide stops the release of CO, the latter being promoted at lower temperatures and high water vapour contents. A dense, sufficiently thick chromia scale retards the onset of decarburization but does eventually not stop the carbon loss. Indications were found that the destruction of a pre-formed chromia scale by carbon involves a two-step process whereby presence of hydrogen is important.
Why computational complexity may set impenetrable barriers for epistemic reductionism
Authors: Herzog Michael H. , Doerig Adrien , Sachse Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccording to physicalism, everything is physical or metaphysically connected to the physical. If physicalism were true, it seems that we should – in principle – be able to reduce the descriptions and explanations of special sciences to physical ones, for example, explaining biological regularities, via chemistry, by the laws of particle physics. The multiple realization of the property types of the special sciences is often seen to be an obstacle to such epistemic reductions. Here, we introduce another, new argument against epistemic reduction. Based on mathematical complexity, we show that, under certain conditions, there can be “complexity barriers” that make epistemic reduction – in principle – unachievable even if physicalism were true.
Complex Restoration of Oil-Contaminated Soils with New Organomineral Reagents
Authors: Akhanova Tanzilya Rinatovna , Lyubchenko Nina Pavlovna , Sarmurzina Raushan Gaisiyevna , Karabalin Uzakbai Suleimenovich , Muhr Herve , Boiko Galina Ilyasovna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmong pollutants, petroleum hydrocarbons are recognized as the priority pollutants of the environment. Petroleum hydrocarbons can cause changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils, leading to a decrease in the functional activity of the microbiota of soil biocenoses. The aim of the study was to develop ways and methods of oil-contaminated soil remediation with the new generation sorbents based on organomineral biofertilizer “Kazuglegumus” and aluminum alloys activated by indium, gallium, and tin. The structure and composition of the organomineral reagents, as well as soils with different degrees of contamination were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry. As a working hypothesis, it was accepted that the aluminum alloy activated by gallium, indium, and tin forms complex compounds with humic or fulvic acids, which are low-toxic or non-toxic for plants. The efficiency of cleaning oil-contaminated soils with organomineral sorbents was evaluated. The reduction of oil concentration in soil samples by 12–22% depending on the concentration of reagents and oil content in soil was revealed. The character of oil pollution impact on plants of legume families alfalfa, melilot, and sainfoin, which are characterized by the ability to accumulate and then give nitrogen to the soil, was studied. The phytotoxicity of uncontaminated and non-oil-contaminated soils was studied in laboratory and field conditions. Significantly accelerated plant growth was observed in samples of oil-contaminated soil after treatment with sorbent based on activated aluminum alloy Rau-85 and fertilizer “Kazuglegumus”. The plants had stronger root systems. These experiments are explained by the effect of Rau-85 alloys in favor of reducing the oil concentration to the normalized limits, as well as the transformation of natural humic substances and additionally applied fertilizer “Kazuglegumus” (potassium humates), which increased their biological activity.
Reversal of biological age in multiple rat organs by young porcine plasma fraction
Authors: Horvath Steve , Singh Kavita , Raj Ken , Khairnar Shraddha I. , Sanghavi Akshay , Shrivastava Agnivesh , Zoller Joseph A. , Li Caesar Z. , Herenu Claudia B. , Canatelli-Mallat Martina , Lehmann Marianne , Habazin Siniša , Novokmet Mislav , Vučković Frano , Solberg Woods Leah C. , Martinez Angel Garcia , Wang Tengfei , Chiavellini Priscila , Levine Andrew J. , Chen Hao , Brooke Robert T. , Gordevicius Juozas , Lauc Gordan , Goya Rodolfo G. , Katcher Harold L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractYoung blood plasma is known to confer beneficial effects on various organs in mice and rats. However, it was not known whether plasma from young adult pigs rejuvenates old rat tissues at the epigenetic level; whether it alters the epigenetic clock, which is a highly accurate molecular biomarker of aging. To address this question, we developed and validated six different epigenetic clocks for rat tissues that are based on DNA methylation values derived from n = 613 tissue samples. As indicated by their respective names, the rat pan-tissue clock can be applied to DNA methylation profiles from all rat tissues, while the rat brain, liver, and blood clocks apply to the corresponding tissue types. We also developed two epigenetic clocks that apply to both human and rat tissues by adding n = 1366 human tissue samples to the training data. We employed these six rat clocks to investigate the rejuvenation effects of a porcine plasma fraction treatment in different rat tissues. The treatment more than halved the epigenetic ages of blood, heart, and liver tissue. A less pronounced, but statistically significant, rejuvenation effect could be observed in the hypothalamus. The treatment was accompanied by progressive improvement in the function of these organs as ascertained through numerous biochemical/physiological biomarkers, behavioral responses encompassing cognitive functions. An immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation pattern shift from pro- to anti-inflammatory also indicated reversal of glycan aging. Overall, this study demonstrates that a young porcine plasma-derived treatment markedly reverses aging in rats according to epigenetic clocks, IgG glycans, and other biomarkers of aging.
Increasing baseline aortic valve peak flow velocity is associated with progression of aortic valve stenosis in osteoporosis patients—a possible link to low vitamin D status
Authors: Tsuruda Toshihiro , Funamoto Taro , Suzuki Chiyoko , Yamamura Yoshimasa , Nakai Michikazu , Chosa Etsuo , Kaikita Koichi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of the aortic valve and identify factors associated with the progression of aortic valve stenosis (AS) in osteoporosis patients.

Methods
In this single-center prospective cohort study, we recruited 10 patients (mean age: 75 ± 7 years, 90% female) who were taking anti-resorptive medicines at the outpatient clinic of University of Miyazaki Hospital, Japan. Baseline assessments, including transthoracic echocardiogram, blood sampling, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were performed. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results
During the 2-year follow-up, three patients with aortic valve peak flow velocity (AV PFV) ≥2 m/s at baseline developed moderate AS, which is defined as AV PFV ≥3 m/s. However, seven patients with AV PFV <2 m/s did not exhibit any progression of AS. There were significant variations in terms of bone mineral density, T-score values, and biomarkers associated with bone turnover (i.e., bone alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase-5b) among the enrolled patients, but none of these factors were found to be associated with the progression of AS. All patients exhibited low vitamin D status, with a median level of 16.1 ng/mL (25th percentile, 9.7 ng/mL; 75th percentile, 23 ng/mL). The baseline levels of AV PFV values were negatively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, determined by univariate linear regression analysis (beta coefficient = -0.756, 95% confidence interval, -0.136 ̶ -0.023, p = 0.011).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that low vitamin D status might be a potential risk factor for the progression of AS in osteoporosis patients undergoing treatment with anti-resorptive medicines.

Summary

Elderly patients with osteoporosis patients exhibited a subset of aortic valve stenosis. Our data suggest that the baseline aortic valve peak flow velocity predicts the progression of aortic valve stenosis, and there might be an association between the progression and the co-existing low vitamin D status in these patients.
Vegetative response to Verticillium dahliae of italian varieties of olive (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Basile Boris , Sigillo Loredana , Mataffo Alessandro , Corrado Giandomenico 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVerticillium dahliae, the causal agent of vascular wilt, is a cosmopolitan pathogen of olive (Olea europaea L.). Italy is a traditional oil-producing country and its olive growing system is characterized by hundreds of regional varieties. They are widely employed for yielding oils protected by geographical indication systems of the European Union. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of V. dahliae on the vegetative growth of young, own-rooted olive plants under natural environmental conditions. Specifically, we analyzed differences in stem elongation, number of leaves and stem diameters in eight local varieties of the Campania region of Italy, plus a reference national cultivar, following artificially infection with a non-defoliating pathotype. Multivariate analysis indicated that a distinction in vulnerability among cultivar can be made considering the inhibitory effect of the fungus on stem extension growth, while the other parameters are less influential. Our work also illustrated the variability in some vegetative parameters among the Campanian germplasm and its influence on the inhibitory effect of the pathogen. Further studies will have to analyze the mechanisms connecting the morpho-physiological alterations with the pathogen invasion of the host tissue.
Autorschaft und Literarische Kommunikation in Fanfiction-Portalen
Authors: Weitin Thomas , Bühler Jill , Brottrager Judith , Glawion Anastasia , Doat Joël 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag nimmt mit Metadatenanalysen die Veränderungen der Harry Potter-Fanfiction im ›Corona-Jahr‹ 2020 in den Blick. Dazu wurden sämtliche Texte, die in diesem Jahr auf Fanfiktion.de neu geschrieben oder fortgesetzt worden sind, als Korpus aufbereitetet. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht die Frage, nach welchen Mustern und Kriterien Autorinnen und Autoren Aufmerksamkeit für ihre Texte erhalten. Mit Hilfe von Netzwerkmodellen kann den Ergebnissen deskriptiver Statistik, deren Mittelwerte leicht zu narrativen Unschärfen in der Interpretation führen, eine evidenzbasierte Analyse unterschiedlicher Kommunikationsrollen an die Seite gestellt werden. Topic Models und Sentiment-Analysen der Harry Potter-Romane sowie von Fanfiction und deren Reviews untermauern einen sozialen Trend zum restriktiven Umgang mit Negativität und negativer Kritik.
Are Private Prisons Intrinsically Wrong? An Analysis
Authors: Duus-Otterström Göran , Poama Andrei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeveral critics have argued that private prisons are not only problematic because of their worse effects but also intrinsically wrong. This article analyzes two prominent arguments for this claim: the representation argument and the condemnation argument. The conclusion is that these arguments fail to show that there is something intrinsically wrong about private prisons. This is especially true if the arguments are extended to non-profit private prisons under social injustice contexts that states are responsible for. In such cases, non-profit private prisons might not only be on a par with public prisons but be preferable to them. However, the arguments are also insufficient to oppose every conceivable for-profit private prison.
Prebiotics: A Solution for Improving Plant Growth, Soil Health, and Carbon Sequestration?
Authors: Alahmad Abdelrahman , Edelman Lucas , Castel Lisa , Bernardon-Mery Aude , Laval Karine , Trinsoutrot-Gattin Isabelle , Thioye Babacar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil fertility and productivity are severely impacted by exploitation and degradation processes. These threats, coupled with population growth and climatic changes, compel us to search for innovative agroecological solutions. Prebiotics, a type of soil biostimulant, are used to enhance soil conditions and plant growth and may play a role in carbon (C) sequestration. Two commercial prebiotics, K1® and NUTRIGEO L® (referred to as SPK and SPN, respectively), were assessed for their effects on agricultural soil cultivated with Zea mays L., compared to untreated soil or control (SP). Analyses were performed at two harvesting dates: three weeks (D1) and ten weeks (D2) after the application of prebiotics. Plant growth parameters and soil characteristics were measured, focusing on soil organic matter, soil bacterial and fungal communities, and plant root mycorrhization. Regarding physicochemical parameters, both prebiotic treatments increased soil electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and soluble phosphorus (P) while decreasing nitrates. Meanwhile, the SPN treatment was distinct in elevating specific cationic minerals, such as calcium (Ca) and boron (B), at D2. At the microbial level, each prebiotic induced a unique shift in the indigenous bacterial and fungal communities’ abundance and diversity, evident at D2. Simultaneously, specific microbial taxa were recruited by each prebiotic treatment, such as Caulobacter, Sphingobium, and Massilia from bacteria and Mortierella globalpina and Schizothecium carpinicola from fungi in SPK as well as Chitinophaga, Neobacillus, and Rhizomicrobium from bacteria and Sordariomycetes and Mortierella minutissima from fungi in SPN. These biomarkers were identified as (a) saprotrophs, (b) plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi, (c) endohyphal bacteria, and (d) endophytic and symbiotic microbiota. This result was reflected in the increase in glomalin content and mycorrhization rate in the treated soils, especially by SPN. We observed that these effects led to an increase in plant biomass (shoots by 19% and 22.8% and roots by 47.8% and 35.7% dry weights for SPK and SPN, respectively) and contributed to an increase in soil C content (organic C by 8.4% and total C by 8.9%), particularly with SPN treatment. In light of these findings, the use of prebiotics ten weeks after application not only increased plant growth by improving soil characteristics and shaping its native microbial community but also demonstrated the potential to enhance C sequestration.
Heterodox modeling: practicing well-tuned provisioning or commoning with networked multi-agent environments
Authors: Miyazaki Shintaro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMarket-driven, profit-oriented, mainstream neoclassical economics is increasingly being challenged by alternative approaches such as heterodox economics. This article contributes to broader discussions in this field, especially of social provisioning, and suggests that integrating perspectives from the overlapping fields of media history and history of economy could not only provide valuable insights and attract more supporters, but even initiate a bottom-up transformation process. Historical knowledge regarding how neoclassical economics gained mainstream status in the early postwar decades provides hints on how to popularize non-profit-driven, well-designed approaches to social provisioning, often referred to as commoning. More specifically, the article firstly addresses the necessity of a large-scale appropriation of computational methods, procedures, tools, media, and models to experiment with economic issues, which are usually applied mostly by mainstream profit-driven approaches. Secondly, it presents the implications of such a practice, which I tentatively refer to as heterodox modeling, while remembering the 1960s North American context of business simulation games and their role within the large-scale effort to educate and train the newly-defined class of “business managers.” The article, thirdly, theorizes heterodox modeling as being based on a still imaginary, not-yet implemented, networked multi-agent online environment, which would integrate the modular programming of agent-based models, group exercises, role-playing, gaming, and testing of operations and processes within large-scale socio-ecological networks of commoning. Finally, the article argues not only to model heterodox economic theories, but at the same time to model in heterodox ways and highlight associated implications.
Climate Variability and Glacier Evolution at Selected Sites Across the World: Past Trends and Future Projections
Authors: Al‐Yaari Amen , Condom Thomas , Junquas Clementine , Rabatel Antoine , Ramseyer Victor , Sicart Jean‐Emmanuel , Masiokas Mariano , Cauvy‐Fraunié Sophie , Dangles Olivier 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe availability of freshwater from glaciers and snowmelt is of vital importance for people and ecosystems in the context of global climate change. Here, we focus on 25 glaciers located in different climates and latitudes and investigate their recent (1958–2020) and future projected trends (2020–2050 and 2070–2100) in monthly precipitation (Pr), maximum and minimum temperatures, ice mass loss, and their relationships with cloud properties. The study sites are located in Temperate Europe (France), the Inner (Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia) and Outer Tropics (Bolivia and Peru), Central America (Mexico), tropical Southeast Asia (Indonesia), Equatorial Africa (Uganda), and the Southern dry and Patagonian Andes (Chile and Argentina). The climate analyses are based on TerraClimate data (Monthly Climate and Climatic Water Balance for Global Terrestrial Surfaces) and 28 CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) climate simulations. Our findings reveal that, extrapolating current glacier volume change trends, almost half of the studied glaciers are likely to vanish (95%–100% volume loss) by 2050, with widespread warming and drying trends since 1958. A shift toward wetter conditions at Pico Humboldt (Venezuela) and Martial Este (Argentina) identifiable in the CORDEX simulation will very likely not have a limiting impact on glacier mass loss owing to increasing temperatures, which will raise the elevation of the rain/snow limit. Our results provide useful new information to better understand glacier‐climate relationships and future scenarios dominated by ice mass loss trends across the globe. These findings suggest serious consequences for future water availability, which exacerbate the vulnerability of local populations and ecosystems.
Sohlh2 promotes pulmonary fibrosis via repression of p62/Keap1/Nrf2 mediated anti-oxidative signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Lanlan , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Ruihong , Wang Liyan , Zhi Sujuan , Feng Xiaoning , Liu Xuyue , Shen Ying , Hao Jing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDisturbance in the redox balance of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) was considered as a causal factor for pulmonary fibrosis. The regulatory mechanisms of redox hemostasis in the development of pulmonary fibrosis remain largely unknown. Using a type II AEC-specific Sohlh2 conditional knock-in (CKI) mouse model, we found that Sohlh2, a basic HLH transcription factor, accelerated age-related pulmonary fibrosis. High-fat diet (HFD) resulted in a tremendous increase in lung inflammation and fibrotic changes in the lung tissues of Sohlh2 CKI mice. Sohlh2 overexpression led to a significant rise of intracellular ROS and apoptosis in the lung, mouse primary AECIIs, and human A549 cells, which was attenuated by ROS inhibitor (NAC). Sohlh2 enhanced oxidative stress via repressing p62/Keap1/Nrf2 mediated anti-oxidative signaling pathway. p62, a direct target of Sohlh2, mediated Sohlh2 effects on ROS generation and apoptosis in A549 cells. Hence, our findings elucidate a pivotal mechanism underlying oxidative stress-induced pulmonary fibrosis, providing a framework for aging-related disorder interventions.