bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the clinical relevance of grade A post‐hepatectomy liver failure
Authors: Vitello Dominic J. , Shah Dhavan , Ko Bona , Brajcich Brian C. , Peters Xane D. , Merkow Ryan P. , Pitt Henry A. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe International Study Group of Liver Surgery's criteria stratifies post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) into grades A, B, and C. The clinical significance of these grades has not been fully established.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) hepatectomy‐targeted database was analyzed. Outcomes between patients without PHLF, with grade A PHLF, and grade B or C PHLF were compared. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed.ResultsSix thousand two hundred seventy‐four adults undergoing elective major hepatectomy were included in the analysis. The incidence of grade A PHLF was 4.3% and grade B or C was 5.3%. Mortality was similar between patients without PHLF (1.2%) and with grade A PHLF (1.1%), but higher in those with grades B or C PHLF (25.4%). Overall morbidities rates were 19.3%, 41.7%, and 72.8% in patients without PHLF, with grade A PHLF, and with grade B or C PHLF, respectively (p < 0.001). Grade A PHLF was associated with increased morbidity (grade A: odds ratios [OR] 2.7 [95% CI: 2.0−3.5]), unplanned reoperation (grade A: OR 3.4 [95% CI: 2.2−5.1]), nonoperative intervention (grade A: OR 2.6 [95% CI: 1.9−3.6]), length of stay (grade A: OR 3.1 [95% CI: 2.3−4.1]), and readmission (grade A: OR 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3−2.5]) compared to patients without PHLF.ConclusionsAlthough mortality was similar between patients without PHLF and with grade A PHLF, other postoperative outcomes were notably inferior. Grade A PHLF is a clinically distinct entity with relevant associated postoperative morbidity.
Perception of medical practitioners on the importance of medical tourism services
Authors: Li Xiubai , Hyun Sunghyup Sean , Kim Hye‐Sun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study (a) investigates the perception of medical practitioners regarding medical tourism, and (b) examines the differences in the perception of medical practitioners regarding the importance of the services involved. The hypotheses are focused on a series of comparisons of medical institutions that “are or are not involved in medical tourism.” The results showed that (i) professionalism of treatment is recognized as the most important factor regardless of the nature and value of the medical treatment provided while a patient travels; and that (ii) there are no significant differences in surgery, treatment, examination, in‐hospital and patient room costs.
The phenotypic diversity of anteromedial osteoarthritis before and after treatment with medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A radiographic analysis of 1000 knees
Authors: Bayoumi Tarik , ten Noever de Brauw Gaby V. , Ruderman Lindsey V. , van der List Jelle P. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Pearle Andrew D. , Zuiderbaan Hendrik A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess phenotypic variation in the coronal plane of knees with anteromedial osteoarthritis using the functional knee phenotype classification, before and after treatment with medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).MethodsThe study comprised 1000 knees of 835 patients (45% females, 55% males, 90% Caucasian) who underwent medial UKA for anteromedial osteoarthritis. Pre and postoperative alignment was evaluated through the hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), femoral mechanical angle (FMA), and tibial mechanical angle (TMA). Knees were classified according to the functional knee phenotype system which combines limb phenotype (HKA), and femoral and tibial knee phenotypes (FMA and TMA, respectively). Restoration of prearthritic coronal alignment following medial UKA was evaluated by phenotype.ResultsPreoperatively, 76 distinct and 25 relevant (prevalence ≥1%) functional knee phenotypes were identified, of which VARHKA6°VARFMA3°NEUTMA0° was the most common (9.4% of knees). The most prevalent limb phenotype, VARHKA6°, comprised 15 distinct knee phenotypes (FMA and TMA combinations). Postoperatively, 58 distinct and 17 relevant functional knee phenotypes were observed, of which VARHKA3°NEUFMA0°NEUTMA0° had the highest prevalence at 18.3%. Knees with combined tibial and femoral deformities were associated with a lower probability of restoration of prearthritic coronal alignment following medial UKA, compared to knees without extra‐articular deformity, or knees with an isolated tibial or femoral deformity.ConclusionPhenotype analysis using the functional knee phenotype system demonstrated a wide diversity of coronal alignment phenotypes among knees with anteromedial osteoarthritis in a predominantly Caucasian population. Following medial UKA, a reduction from 25 preoperative to 17 postoperative relevant phenotypes was observed. Consideration of phenotypic variation can be of importance when aiming to restore prearthritic coronal alignment during medial UKA.Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective cohort study.
Novel 40 µm spot size 3050/3200 nm DFG laser versus CO2 laser for laser‐assisted drug delivery
Authors: T. Suwan Parita , Ahn Ga Ram , Sumner Roger , Paithankar Dilip , Yaroslavsky Ilya V. , Altshuler Gregory , Arkhipova Valeriya , Manstein Dieter , Wang‐Evers Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe use of ablative fractional lasers to enhance the delivery of topical drugs through the skin is known as laser‐assisted drug delivery. Here, we compare a novel 3050/3200 nm difference frequency generation (DFG) fiber laser (spot size: 40 µm) to a commercially used CO2 laser (spot size: 120 µm). The objective is to determine whether differences in spot size and coagulation zone (CZ) thickness influence drug uptake.Materials and MethodsFractional ablation was performed on ex‐vivo human abdominal skin with the DFG (5 mJ) and CO2 (12 mJ) lasers to generate 680 µm deep lesions. To evaluate drug delivery, 30 kDa encapsulated fluorescent dye was topically applied to the skin and histologically analyzed at skin depths of 100, 140, 200, 400, and 600 µm. Additionally, transcutaneous permeation of encapsulated and 350 Da nonencapsulated dye was assessed using Franz Cells.ResultsThe DFG laser generated smaller channels (diameter: 56.5 µm) with thinner CZs (thickness: 22.4 µm) than the CO2 laser (diameter: 75.9 µm, thickness: 66.8 µm). The DFG laser treated group exhibited significantly higher encapsulated dye total fluorescence intensities after 3 h compared to the CO2 laser treated group across all skin depths (p < 0.001). Permeation of nonencapsulated dye was also higher in the DFG laser treated group vs the CO2 laser treated group after 48 h (p < 0.0001), while encapsulated dye was not detected in any group.ConclusionThe DFG laser treated skin exhibited significantly higher total fluorescence uptake compared to the CO2 laser. Additionally, the smaller spot size and thinner CZ of the DFG laser could result in faster wound healing and reduced adverse effects while delivering similar or greater amount of topically applied drugs.
Temporal evolution and source apportionment of BC aerosols during autumn in the grassland of Ordos, China
Authors: Li Yanhong , Zhang Jinwen , Duan Qiyong , Kong Xiangchen , Wang Honglei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMeteorological conditions and source emissions in grassland areas are quite different from those in urban areas, which significantly impacts the spatiotemporal characteristics of black carbon (BC). To obtain the characteristics of BC in the typical grassland environment in China, continuous observations of BC were carried out in Etuoke Banner, a typical grassland environment in Ordos, from September 8 to December 1, 2022. BC in Etuoke Banner in autumn is 22.4–4667.5 ng m−3, and the average concentration is 456.6 ng m−3, accounting for 2.20% of the mass fraction of PM2.5. BCliquid (BC generated from the combustion of liquid fuels) is the main component of BC (accounting for 79.2%); the average concentration is 361.7 ng m−3. The diurnal variations of BC, BCliquid, and BCsolid (BC generated from the combustion of solid fuels) are bimodal, with peaks at 08:00 and 18:00. The first peak is mainly related to traffic sources, cooking sources, and incomplete combustion of carbon‐containing substances; the second peak may be caused by emissions from residential cooking sources under the influence of meteorological conditions unfavorable to diffusion. The diurnal variation of absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) is unimodal, with the peak at 14:00. With the increase in BC mass concentration, AAE and visibility gradually decreased, wind speed first decreased and then increased, P and RH gradually increased, and the contribution of biomass combustion sources to BC decreased. In contrast, the contribution of traffic sources to BC increased. The evolution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants differed with the increase in BC concentration. The potential sources and affecting areas of BC and PM2.5 are mainly concentrated around Etuoke Banner and can affect the North China Plain after 48 h of transmission.
Geotechnical reliability‐based design optimization updating under changing design scenarios
Authors: Wang Tao , Ji Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the context of geotechnical uncertainty characterization, the reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO) provides an effective means to achieve the most balanced design outcome between the targeted safety and the risk‐based cost planning. As a common practice, the geotechnical RBDO is conducted on the premise of prescribed statistical information of those uncertain parameters. Nevertheless, the uncertain geotechnical parameters are usually subject to amendment resulting from further site investigation. In other words, changing design scenarios must be properly handled in advanced geotechnical RBDO. Thus, in this study, a novel reliability updating method using a sample reweighting technique that requires only a single simulation run is developed for RBDO. Simultaneously, the RBDO is readily extendable to RBDO updating under changing design scenarios while avoiding any further re‐evaluation of the performance functions. The proposed RBDO updating method allows for the consideration of a continuous design space encompassing an infinite number of feasible designs, whereas the existing simulation‐based method can only consider a finite number of feasible designs in a discrete design space. Moreover, the efficiency and flexibility of the proposed RBDO updating method are illustrated through a standard RBDO test problem and a practical rock slope design example, where the changing design scenarios of different means, standard deviations, correlation coefficient, and distributions are respectively studied.
A topological approach for optimizing the dimensional properties of various bioinspired periodic type honeycomb latticed carbon fiber reinforced glycol‐modified poly (ethylene terephthalate) composite materials
Authors: Mathiazhagan N. , Sivakumar Narain Kumar , Palaniyappan Sabarinathan , Muthuramamoorthy Muthumareeswaran 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present research efforts are directed toward investigating dimensional stability, focusing on bio‐inspired periodic honeycomb lattice structures within carbon fiber reinforced glycol‐modified poly ethylene terephthalate (PETG) composites. These samples are fabricated using extrusion‐based 3D printing, with topological parameters such as shell thickness (ST), unit cell type (UCT), wall thickness (WT), unit cell orientation (UCO), skewing angle (SA), and unit cell size (UCS) being manipulated across three different levels. The experimental findings indicate that achieving the lowest dimensional length error is attainable under specific conditions, including a smaller ST of 0.5 mm, a square UCT, a WT of 0.5 mm, a UCO of 90°, a SA of 0°, and a UCS of 4 mm. Analyzing the results with ANOVA reveals that UCT (28.82%) and WT (18.73%) exert the most significant influence on the dimensional stability response. The regression model closely aligns with experimental outcomes, with an error percentage of 3%, rendering it suitable for large‐scale customization. Under the optimized topological parameters, carbon fiber‐reinforced PETG latticed composites exhibited a dimensional length error of 0.292 mm and a compressive strength of 21.56 MPa. Fractography analysis revealed a brittle mode of fracture across all samples, indicating their stiffness and strength, especially when compared to samples with lower wall thickness. These findings suggest that the designed carbon fiber‐reinforced PETG latticed composite material holds potential for use in minor surgical orthotic and prosthetic applications.Highlights
Bio‐inspired periodic honeycomb lattice structured PETG composites.
Topological optimization on the dimensional properties.
Taguchi optimization is performed on design‐based lattice structures.
Unit cell type has highest contribution of 28.82% on dimensional properties.
Investigation of the performance of dopamine‐modified carbon fiber‐reinforced natural rubber‐based magneto‐rheological elastomers
Authors: Yue Xinqi , Liang Jicai , Li Yi , Teng Fei , Zhu Yanchao , Zhao Zengxia , Liang Ce 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFive types of magneto‐rheological elastomers (MREs) based on natural rubber were synthesized by incorporating carbonyl iron particles (CIP) as the primary filler. The objective was to investigate the influence of carbon fiber and magnetic particle content on the mechanical and magneto‐rheological properties of the MREs. Carbon fibers (CF) were further added as secondary reinforcement pre‐modified with polydopamine. The composite's microstructure was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the mechanical and magnetodynamic properties were assessed using an electronic universal testing machine and an advanced rotational rheometer. The addition of appropriate amounts of CIP and CF resulted in increased rubber modulus, indicating the formation of a filler‐rubber network and the synergistic effect between carbon fibers as a supporting structure and CIP. Compared to the unfilled MREs, the mechanical and magnetodynamic properties were further improved by adding 2 and 4 wt% CF. These findings demonstrate that employing carbon fibers as reinforcing fillers and incorporating suitable magnetic fillers can enhance the magnetic and mechanical properties of the materials, providing a theoretical basis for the study of MREs' performance.Highlights
CF and CIP synergistically enhance the strength of the rubber matrix.
The MR effect is gradually enhanced with the increase of CIP content.
Modified CF has a promoting effect on the magnetic responsivity.
Magnetic responsivity increases with increasing modified CF content.
Improved mechanical and magnetodynamic properties of composites.
Structural effects of AgNWs/MXene in artificial nacre‐Like hybrid cellulose nanofiber films on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jiang Xinbo , Wang Yanming , Zhang Hao , Wang Yu , Cheng Haokai , Zhai Shimin , Chen Kai , Yu Yihao , Qi Dongming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneous interface generally offers unique conductive behaviors in nacre‐like films. Reasonable interface and composition regulation are important to enhance EMI shielding performance when containing one and two dimensional nanofillers together. Herein, a series of flexible cellulose‐based EMI shielding nacre‐like films with different content of AgNWs and/or Ti3C2Tx nanosheets were prepared by vacuum‐assisted filtration method. To explore their different interaction behaviors, three different nacre structures (mixed, double‐layered, and multilayered structure) are fully prepared. The comparison results show that the Ti3C2Tx sheets are more advantageous to form a conductive path at a lower addition (<15%) than AgNWs. Surprisingly, the mixed structure leads to even lower SET values due to the break of original compact conductive network and interface resistance enhancement. Particularly, the layered‐structure film obtains the synergistic effect. However, with increasing layer numbers, the SET values reached the maximum at six layers (54.86 dB) and then dropped to 51.50 dB at eight layers, which is even lower than that of two layers (52.36 dB). Consequently, this work provided a detailed contrastive experimental process and discussion to obtain optimal EMI shielding films by adjusting composition and architecture. The interface coupling strategy may offer a useful path to guide the structural design.Highlights
EMI shielding nacre‐like films were prepared with interface structure.
Synergistic shielding effect of 1D AgNWs and 2D Ti3C2Tx nanosheets.
Mixed, double‐layered, and multilayered structural films were prepared.
The layered structure exhibits superior EMI SE than mixed structure.
Excessive layered structure leads to the degradation of EMI SE.
A botanical oasis rather than a biological desert: Rediscoveries, new species and new records in a tropical city
Authors: Neo Louise , Chong Kwek Yan , Lindsay Stuart , Middleton David J. , Tan Puay Yok , Er Kenneth Boon Hwee 
Published: January 2024

Societal Impact StatementCities present a unique challenge for conservation. While overall native biodiversity is reduced, remnant habitats in the urban matrix can be important refugia for native and endemic species. This study reviews the rediscovery of 173 presumed nationally extinct plant taxa and discovery of 155 new native plant records, including 22 new to science and five endemics, in the botanically densely‐collected tropical city‐state of Singapore. The findings of this study indicate that plant rediscoveries and new discoveries are still possible in cities and urban areas with remaining fragments of original forest reserved for species protection, and investment in comprehensive botanical surveys and taxonomic research.Summary

The conservation of native species‐dominated forest fragments and investment into botanical surveys and taxonomic research have enabled the rediscovery of presumed nationally extinct plant taxa and discovery of new native plant records in the tropical city‐state of Singapore.
We compared national plant checklists of 2009, 2022, and the national Red Data Book (third edition in press) to enumerate rediscovered and newly discovered native vascular plant taxa in the last 14 years. We examined if these were from taxonomic specialist redetermination of only pre‐existing specimens or newly collected from field surveys, and if they were from particular sites and vegetation types, disproportionately represented by certain life forms and families, and predominantly threatened.
We documented 173 rediscoveries and 155 new records after 2009, including 22 new to science and five endemics. Most rediscoveries were newly collected from field surveys, but most new records resulted from redetermination of pre‐existing specimens. Native species‐dominated forest fragments were the most important sites for the first collection of new records or first re‐collection of rediscoveries. Trees and climbers were well‐represented among the rediscoveries and new records. Epiphytes were significantly under‐represented compared to their proportion in the presumed nationally extinct flora. Most rediscoveries and new records are nationally Critically Endangered but regionally and globally not assessed.
Our findings indicate hope for the persistence of rare native plant species and opportunities for conservation in cities.
Controlling Remote Entanglement and One‐Way Steering Via a Squeezed Vacuum Field and an Optical Parametric Amplifier
Authors: Wei Jing‐Nan , Wang Tie , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong‐Fu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA scheme is proposed for generating remote entanglement and one‐way Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) steering between two mechanical resonators in a cavity optomechanical system. Both mechanical resonators are coupled to a common cavity, which contains an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and is driven by a squeezed vacuum field. The entanglement and EPR steering can be generated by the squeezed vacuum field and significantly enhanced by the gain of OPA. By manipulating the ratio of two effective optomechanical coupling strengths, the asymmetric EPR steering with excellent controllability on the direction, even the one‐way EPR steering can be achieved. Moreover, both the squeezed vacuum field and the OPA can effectively enhance the robustness of EPR steering against the environment temperature, and the temperature‐dependent one‐way EPR steering is explored. This work paves the way toward generating macroscopic mechanical entanglement and EPR steering with potential applications in quantum information processing.
Effect of SH/SBA‐15 Molar Ratio on Pb(II) and Cd(II) Ions Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Mercaptopropyl‐grafted SBA‐15 Mesoporous Material as Adsorbent
Authors: Denoyel Renaud , Boucherif Zayneb , Cherif‐Aouali Leïla , Saidi‐Bendahou Karima , Bouri Rokia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe purposes of the current study were to investigate the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by thiol‐functionalized SBA‐15 materials designed by SBA‐15‐SH (x) where x is the SH/SBA‐15 molar ratio, which corresponds to the introduced moles number of Mercapto moieties to that of siliceous of the SBA‐15 materials. Furthermore, these materials were synthesized using 3‐Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) via post‐grafting approach. SBA‐15‐SH(x) materials were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption‐desorption and FT‐IR. The incorporation of SH fragments was proved by FT‐IR Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and solid state 13C and 29Si NMR Spectroscopy.The removal of lead ions is more important than that of cadmium ions. Furthermore, the lead removal on SBA‐15‐SH(x) increased with the increase of SH/SBA‐15 molar ratio (removal rate of 28.5, 71.3, and 96.8 % for SH/SBA‐15 molar ratio=0.35, 0.7 and 1.4, respectively) while the removal of cadmium was not affected (around 57 % removal rate for all molar ratios).
Role of ZnO/GO nanocomposite in photocatalytic degradation of mixture of organic pollutants and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Chundawat Tejpal Singh , Chandra Harish , Vaya Dipti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA number of carcinogenic dyes and microbial infections have negative effects on living being. These also have a detrimental effect on water quality and responsible for major health problems. ZnO/GO nanocomposites (NCs) (10 wt. % GO) is synthesized via one pot ecofriendly route. It is utilized for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous solution of Malachite green (MG), Crystal violet (CV) and first time mixture of pollutants (CV+MG) dyes in 1 : 2 ratio. These synthesized NCs are analyzed by using many techniques such as P‐XRD, FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM, BET and UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. Kinetics and mechanism of photocatalytic degradation is also explored. The photocatalytic degradation followed the order (CV+MG) (1 : 2) binary system > MG > CV dyes. On the other hand, an antibacterial activity is also investigated against Gram positive (+ve) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as well as Gram negative (−ve) bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Citrobacter sp. The ZnO/GO NCs followed the antibacterial activity order: E. coli > S. aureus ~ Citrobacter sp. > E. faecalis and the inhibition zones diameters are 20, 15, 15 and 10 mm respectively which is comparable with standard drug Gentamycin.