bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soils, and microorganisms: Response to altered precipitation
Authors: Li Jiwei , Deng Lei , Peñuelas Josep , Wu Jianzhao , Shangguan Zhouping , Sardans Jordi , Peng Changhui , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrecipitation changes modify C, N, and P cycles, which regulate the functions and structure of terrestrial ecosystems. Although altered precipitation affects above‐ and belowground C:N:P stoichiometry, considerable uncertainties remain regarding plant–microbial nutrient allocation strategies under increased (IPPT) and decreased (DPPT) precipitation. We meta‐analyzed 827 observations from 235 field studies to investigate the effects of IPPT and DPPT on the C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, soils, and microorganisms. DPPT reduced leaf C:N ratio, but increased the leaf and root N:P ratios reflecting stronger decrease of P compared with N mobility in soil under drought. IPPT increased microbial biomass C (+13%), N (+15%), P (26%), and the C:N ratio, whereas DPPT decreased microbial biomass N (−12%) and the N:P ratio. The C:N and N:P ratios of plant leaves were more sensitive to medium DPPT than to IPPT because drought increased plant N content, particularly in humid areas. The responses of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry to altered precipitation did not fit the double asymmetry model with a positive asymmetry under IPPT and a negative asymmetry under extreme DPPT. Soil microorganisms were more sensitive to IPPT than to DPPT, but they were more sensitive to extreme DPPT than extreme IPPT, consistent with the double asymmetry model. Soil microorganisms maintained stoichiometric homeostasis, whereas N:P ratios of plants follow that of the soils under altered precipitation. In conclusion, specific N allocation strategies of plants and microbial communities as well as N and P availability in soil critically mediate C:N:P stoichiometry by altered precipitation that need to be considered by prediction of ecosystem functions and C cycling under future climate change scenarios.
Helicobacter pylori infection and rheumatoid arthritis as risk enhancers' factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Dore Maria Pina , Erre Gian Luca , Piroddu Jessica , Pes Giovanni Mario 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to established risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (aCVDs), infections and autoimmune diseases, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have been reported as risk–enhancer factors. In this retrospective single‐center, case–control study, the relative weight of RA and H. pylori infection on aCVD was evaluated in a cohort of patients from Northern Sardinia, Italy, where both conditions are frequent.Materials and MethodsData were retrieved from records of subjects undergoing upper endoscopy and screened for H. pylori infection by at least four biopsies. The presence of H. pylori and chronic‐active gastritis were labeled as a current infection or a long‐lasting infection (LLHp) when atrophy and/or metaplasia and/or dysplasia were detected in at least one gastric specimen. Diagnosis of aCVD and RA was made by the cardiologist and the rheumatologist, respectively, according to guidelines. Odd ratios (ORs) for aCVD were evaluated, adjusting for age, sex, excess weight, cigarette smoking, blood hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, H. pylori status, and RA.ResultsAmong 4821 records (mean age 52.1 ± 16.7 years; 66.0% female), H. pylori infection was detected in 2262 patients, and more specifically, a LLHp infection was present in 1043 (21.6%). Three‐hundred‐three (6.3%) patients were diagnosed with aCVD, and 208 (4.3%) with RA. In patients with aCVD (cases), the LLHp infection (33.3% vs. 20.8%, p < 0.0001) and RA (12.2% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.0001) were more frequent in cases compared with controls (patients without aCVD). After adjusting for traditional aCVD risk factors, ORs significantly increased for LLHp infection (1.57; 95% CI 1.20–2.06) and RA (2.63; 95% CI 1.72–4.02). Interestingly, the LLHp infection in patients with RA showed an overall addictive effect on the risk for aCVD (7.89; 95% CI 4.29–14.53).ConclusionsAccording to our findings, patients with RA should benefit from being screened and eventually treated for H. pylori infection.
Exploring mental health consumer experiences of the strengths model of case management: A phenomenological study
Authors: Dissanayake Rashmi , Olivieri Rebecca , Aguey‐Zinsou Melissa , Yule Elisa , Dunn Leonie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe strengths of model of case management is a recovery‐oriented model of community mental health care that has been linked to positive consumer outcomes. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the consumer perspective of the strengths model of case management using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. In total, six consumers from a metropolitan community mental health service were interviewed. Interview transcripts were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Three major themes were identified: the relationship between the consumer and the case manager is valuable, the strengths assessment supports identifying strengths and areas for action and the strengths model of case management promotes recovery and goal achievement. Implications for practice include an increased understanding of consumer preferences and promoting the consumer voice, thereby supporting the provision of higher quality evidence‐based practice.
Being a child with intellectual disabilities in hospital: The need for an individualised approach to care
Authors: Oulton Kate , Gibson Faith , Kenten Charlotte , Russell Jessica , Carr Lucinda , Hassiotis Angela , Kelly Paula , Kerry Sam , Tuffrey‐Wijne Irene , Whiting Mark , Wray Jo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited qualitative research focussed specifically on what it is like for children and young people with intellectual disabilities coming into hospital, with much of the evidence‐base being about those with Autism Spectrum Condition or adults with intellectual disabilities.AimTo share rich detail of the emotional and physical impact on children and young people with intellectual disabilities of attending hospital, from their own and their parent's perspective.MethodsTalking Mats interviews, sticker survey and photography with children and young people with intellectual disabilities, and in‐depth interviews, hospital diaries and photography with their parents.Results and ConclusionsThe multiple and compounding layers of complexity surrounding hospital care of children and young people with intellectual disabilities resulted in challenges associated with loss of familiarity and routine, undergoing procedures, managing sensory overload, managing pain and having a lack of safety awareness. An individualised approach to their care is needed.
Development of a Lived Experience Panel to inform the design of embedded pragmatic trials of dementia care interventions
Authors: Bennett Antonia V. , O'Brien Kyra , Moreno Monica , Lanigan Kerry , Maslow Katie , Malone Carolyn A. , Hanson Laura C. , Zimmerman Sheryl , Karlawish Jason , Largent Emily A. , Aranda María P. , Hinton Ladson , Nicholson Brenda P. , Phillips Louise , Fazio Sam , Epstein‐Lubow Gary 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe National Institute on Aging (NIA) Imbedded Pragmatic Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Related Dementia Clinical Trials (IMPACT) Collaboratory convened a Lived Experience Panel (LEP) to inform the development of research priorities and provide input on conducting embedded pragmatic clinical trials (ePCTs) of dementia care interventions. Given the importance of people with lived experience to dementia research, and the unique considerations of engaging people with dementia, we report on our process for the recruitment, selection, and initial convening of the IMPACT LEP.MethodsThe IMPACT Engaging Partners Team, in partnership with the Alzheimer's Association, sought nominations of individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early‐stage dementia, care partners of other people living with dementia (PLWD), and proxy representatives for individuals with mid‐to‐late stage dementia. The 11‐member LEP was composed of individuals with diverse personal experiences in part due to their age, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, geography, disability, or type of dementia. In its first year, the LEP met with IMPACT's Patient and Caregiver Relevant Outcomes Core and Ethics and Regulation Core.ResultsLEP members provided valuable insights and nuanced discussion of issues relevant to ePCTs in dementia care from a broad range of personal experience. Panelists identified key research priorities and provided insight on outcomes often studied by researchers. The LEP also informed investigators' approaches to waivers and modifications of written informed consent and evaluation of minimal risk. Summary reports of the LEP meetings with each Core are available on the IMPACT website. At the end of the first year, changes were made to the composition of the LEP, and opportunities were identified for expanding panelist engagement with IMPACT investigators, as were priorities and scope for future input.ConclusionsThe IMPACT LEP provides a model for engaging PLWD and care partners in the research process as collaborators.
Evidence for a dissociation between moral reasoning and moral decision‐making in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Vicario Carmelo Mario , Maugeri Nicoletta , Lucifora Chiara , Prato Adriana , Mucciardi Massimo , Martino Davide , Rizzo Renata 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the growing interest on how Tourette syndrome (TS) affects social cognition skills, this field remains to date relatively under‐explored. Here, we aim to advance knowledge on the topic by studying moral decision‐making and moral reasoning in a group of adolescents with TS and a group of healthy controls. Overall, we found higher endorsement (i.e. a greater ‘yes’ response rate) for utilitarian solutions of incidental and instrumental moral dilemmas in TS compared to controls. By contrast, we reported an overall higher tendency of TS individuals to apply principles described in the moral foundation questionnaire to establish whether something is morally right or wrong. Our results document intact moral reasoning in TS and suggest that a deficit in suppressing inappropriate behaviours and/or altered sense of agency might be responsible for their higher utilitarian moral decision‐making.
Resolving the identity of commercially cultivated Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) in integrated seaweed‐abalone aquaculture farms in South Africa
Authors: Bachoo Teejaswani , Bolton John J. , Macey Brett M. , Kandjengo Lineekela , Reddy Maggie M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpecies of Ulva have a wide range of commercial applications and are increasingly being recognized as promising candidates for integrated aquaculture. In South Africa, Ulva has been commercially cultivated in integrated seaweed‐abalone aquaculture farms since 2002, with more than 2000 tonnes of biomass cultivated per annum in land‐based paddle raceways. However, the identity of the species of Ulva grown on these farms remains uncertain. We therefore characterized samples of Ulva cultivated in five integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture farms (IMTA) across a wide geographical range and compared them with foliose Ulva specimens from neighboring seashores. The molecular markers employed for this study were the chloroplast‐encoded Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rbcL), the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the nuclear, and the chloroplast elongation factor tufA. All currently cultivated specimens of Ulva were molecularly resolved as a single species, U. lacinulata. The same species has been cultivated for over a decade, although a few specimens of two other species were also present in early South African IMTA systems. The name Ulva uncialis is adopted for the Ulva “Species A” by Fort et al. (2021), Molecular Ecology Resources, 22, 86) significantly extending the distribution range for this species. A comparison with wild Ulva on seashores close to the farms resulted in five new distribution records for South Africa (U. lacinulata, U. ohnoi, U. australis, U. stenophylloides, and U. aragoënsis), the first report of a foliose form of U. compressa in the region, and one new distribution record for Namibia (U. australis). This study reiterates the need for DNA confirmation, especially when identifying morphologically simple macroalgae with potential commercial applications.
The role of dried blood spot tests in the detection of hepatitis B infection: A systematic review
Authors: Virtudazo Maria Concepcion C. , Aquino Jericho B. , Arellano Rose Nicole B. , Fortes Robert A. , Kaw Raphaela C. , Tantengco Ourlad Alzeus G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHepatitis B remains a public health problem worldwide despite vaccine availability. Although the existing diagnostic tools help detect the infection, logistics support and limited resources and technologies affect their usefulness and reliability in developing countries. This systematic review evaluated the performance of dried blood spots (DBS) as a collection and storage tool for diagnosing an hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A comprehensive search using OVID, Scopus and CINAHL databases was performed to collate articles published up to April 2023 that detected Hepatitis B infections using DBS. Five reviewers independently performed identification, screening, quality assessment and data extraction. A qualitative synthesis of the included studies was conducted. Of the 402 articles, 78 met the inclusion criteria. The results show that most studies focused on populations with known HBV, HCV and/or HIV status. Approximately half (49%) of the included studies utilized the Whatman Protein Saver Card for DBS collection. The DBS samples were then predominantly stored in room temperature conditions. In line with this, storage conditions influenced the concentration and stability of the analyte from the DBS samples, affecting the accuracy of downstream diagnostic methods. ELISA methods, using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as an HBV marker, were the most widely used diagnostic tool for detecting HBV infection in DBS samples. The simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of the ELISA technique highlight its potential to be used in low‐resource settings. In line with this, the detection of HBsAg using an ELISA immunoassay had higher sensitivity (85.6%–100%), and specificity (95%–100%) ranges as compared to other target molecules and methods. Although this review only performed a qualitative analysis, DBS offers a promising method for collecting and storing blood samples; however, the standardization of sampling, storing conditions and diagnostic techniques is required to ensure sustainable application.
Anti‐HDV reflex testing in HBsAg‐positive subjects: An efficacious strategy to identify HDV infection
Authors: Cossiga Valentina , Brusa Stefano , Montalti Roberto , De Conte Annachiara , Jannuzzi Giuseppe , Ranieri Luisa , Sorrentino Rosanna , Vallefuoco Luca , Pignata Luca , Guarino Maria , Portella Giuseppe , Morisco Filomena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe prevalence of HDV infection in HBsAg carriers is about 9.9% in Italy. However, the real prevalence is underestimated because the anti‐HDV test is not performed routinely in all HBsAg carriers. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and the absolute number of HDV infection identified in HBsAg‐positive subjects tested at University Hospital Federico II before and after the introduction of anti‐HDV reflex testing.MethodsFrom January to December 2022, reflex test for the detection of total HDV antibodies was performed in all HBsAg‐positive subjects tested at University Hospital Federico II. The control group consisted of all the HBsAg‐positive subjects tested at the same laboratory in 2019, before the implementation of anti‐HDV reflex testing. Sera were evaluated with ADVIA Centaur HBsAgII Qualitative, Liaison Murex HBsAg Quantitative and Liaison Murex Total Anti‐HDV Qualitative.ResultsBefore reflex testing, anti‐HDV had been tested in 16.4% (84/512) of HBsAg‐positive subjects, while after its implementation, 100% (484/484) of HBsAg‐positive patients was tested for anti‐HDV. The anti‐HDV positive prevalence was lower than before the introduction of reflex test (10.7% vs. 16.6%) but the absolute number of anti‐HDV positive patients increased (14 vs. 52 subjects). HDV‐RNA was detectable in 26 (53%) of 49 tested subjects.ConclusionsOur data showed that the implementation of anti‐HDV reflex testing increased the diagnoses of HDV infection. In this setting, due to the approval of specific anti‐HDV drugs, a reflex test for anti‐HDV should be implemented to early identify patients with HBV/HDV infection.
Limited introgression from non‐native commercial strains and signatures of adaptation in the key pollinator Bombus terrestris
Authors: Franchini Paolo , Fruciano Carmelo , Wood Thomas J. , Shastry Vivaswat , Goulson Dave , Hughes William O. H. , Jones Julia C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsect pollination is fundamental for natural ecosystems and agricultural crops. The bumblebee species Bombus terrestris has become a popular choice for commercial crop pollination worldwide due to its effectiveness and ease of mass rearing. Bumblebee colonies are mass produced for the pollination of more than 20 crops and imported into over 50 countries including countries outside their native ranges, and the risk of invasion by commercial non‐native bumblebees is considered an emerging issue for global conservation and biological diversity. Here, we use genome‐wide data from seven wild populations close to and far from farms using commercial colonies, as well as commercial populations, to investigate the implications of utilizing commercial bumblebee subspecies in the UK. We find evidence for generally low levels of introgression between commercial and wild bees, with higher admixture proportions in the bees occurring close to farms. We identify genomic regions putatively involved in local and global adaptation, and genes in locally adaptive regions were found to be enriched for functions related to taste receptor activity, oxidoreductase activity, fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic processes. Despite more than 30 years of bumblebee colony importation into the UK, we observe low impact on the genetic integrity of local B. terrestris populations, but we highlight that even limited introgression might negatively affect locally adapted populations.
Manual censoring of impedance tracings by the Wingate consensus reduces the number of impedance episodes, impacting on reflux categorization
Authors: Kindt Sébastien , Surmont Magali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Lyon consensus classifies the evidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) based on endoscopic features and results of pH/impedance monitoring (pH‐MII) including the post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWI) and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI). The Wingate consensus established criteria to reduce inter‐reviewer variability when assessing reflux episodes and PSPWI by impedance. This study aims to assess the influence of the Wingate criteria on the different pH‐MII parameters obtained by automated analysis.MethodsThirty consecutive pH‐MII off PPI were reviewed according to Wingate criteria. Number of impedance episodes and PSPWI were compared before and after censoring from automatic analysis. Reflux categorization according to Lyon consensus between censored and uncensored data was compared. Pearson correlations between impedance parameters and censored episodes were calculated.Key ResultsCensoring the tracings significantly reduced the number of reflux episodes (66 [42–90.25] vs. 44.5 [21.5–61.5], p = 0.0105). Reasons for censoring were as follows: 1/ anterograde episode: 9.5 [6–13], 2/ impedance drop <50%: 1 [0–3], 3/ duration <4 s: 1 [0–2], 4/ <2 distal channels: 2.5 [1–4], and 5/ artifacts: 2 [1–5]. Censored episodes were in majority non‐acid (16.5 [13–26.5] vs. 2 [0–4], p < 0.00001). Censoring altered the categorization of impedance episodes (<40 episodes, 6 vs. 13 for resp. uncensored vs. censored tracings, 40–80 episodes: 13 vs. 13, and >80 episodes: 11 vs. 4, p = 0.0264), but not the symptom index, the symptom association probability, or the categorization according to the Lyon consensus. Nevertheless, individual tracings were affected. The percentage of censored episodes was inversely correlated with the number of acidic impedance episodes (r = −0.62, p = 0.0002).Conclusion and inferencesManual interpretation of impedance tracings based on the Wingate consensus reduces the number of impedance episodes, impacting on reflux categorization. Acidic reflux episodes are less likely to be censored, harboring a potential at improving automatic pH‐MII analysis.
Analysis of the factors contributing to residual weakness after sugammadex administration in pediatric patients under 2 years of age
Authors: Cates Alexandra C. , Freundlich Robert E. , Clifton Jacob C. , Lorinc Amanda N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSugammadex reverses the neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium and vecuronium and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in patients aged over 2 years. There is, however, a paucity of data regarding its dosing profile in infants and children younger than 2 years.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the risk of recurarization, or re‐paralysis, in children under 2 years of age to increase awareness on the importance of appropriate neuromuscular blocked monitoring and reversal.MethodsAll patients aged ≤24 months who underwent an operative procedure at a tertiary medical center between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, and received both rocuronium for neuromuscular blockade and sugammadex for neuromuscular blockade reversal, were identified in the electronic medical record. Patients were excluded from analysis if they (1) received vecuronium, cisatracurium, atracurium, or succinylcholine for neuromuscular blockade, (2) received neostigmine for reversal, or (3) underwent more than one operation within 24 h. We performed a survival analysis of sugammadex redose using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsWe reviewed 2923 records. Sugammadex was redosed in 123 (4.2%) cases. The median [IQR] time to redose was 7 [4–17] min, and the median [IQR] amount of redose administered was 2.74 [1.96–3.99] mg/kg. Increasing patient age (p < .01) and weight (p < .01) were associated with reduced hazard rate of sugammadex redose. For a patient of median weight, increasing age from 3 to 13 months was associated with a 53% risk reduction (HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24–0.91). For a patient of median age, increasing weight from 4.7 to 9.2 kg was associated with 41% risk reduction (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.32–1.07). We failed to detect any other associations.ConclusionsIn this single‐center, retrospective cohort study of pediatric surgery patients, there was an association between the hazard of sugammadex redose with both increased age and weight.