bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterojunction engineering decorated TiO2/ZnO three‐dimensional hierarchical structure with g‐C3N4 for solar driving water splitting
Authors: Jia Yong , Li Xingzhi , Chen Caiyun , Fang Wenjun , Chen Yongyan , Wang Lingling , Wang Ruyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImproving the carrier separation efficiency plays a decisive role in designing and constructing a high‐efficiency photocatalysis reaction system. Derived from providing a directional transport channel for photogenerated carriers, three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures greatly improve the charge separation efficiency. Herein, TiO2/ZnO (TZ)/g‐C3N4 3D hierarchical nanostructure was constructed to artificially simulate photosynthesis of green plants. The optimal TZ/g‐C3N4 photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 1.46 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode potential, 1.6 times that of pure TiO2 (0.9 mA/cm2). Moreover, under constant illumination (100 mW/cm2), the hydrogen production reached 80 μmol/cm2 within 180 min. It is worth noting that the TZ/g‐C3N4 photoanode shows surprising stability, which is an important indicator for the practical application of the photoelectrode. The excellent photoelectrochemical performance benefits from the following two aspects: TZ nanotree structure provides a directional transport channel for photogenerated carriers, and the modification of TZ by g‐C3N4 extends the response range to the visible region.
Agitation of liquid eggs during ohmic heating pasteurization—Experimental and computer simulation study
Authors: Wang Chunsen , Llave Yvan , Fukuoka Mika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditional pasteurization process of liquid eggs deals with food safety regulations; however, detriment of functional quality properties is also promoted. In this study, an agitated ohmic heating system at 20 kHz was evaluated experimentally and using a 3D computer simulation model, developed using COMSOL Multiphysics. The accuracy of the model was successfully validated by experimental temperature profiles results, showing low errors (RMSRE < 10%), at two different locations. The temperature distribution and flow behavior of liquid eggs during processing were analyzed using the 3D model. Safety and quality retention assessments of processed liquid eggs were performed by calculating the thermal pasteurization value (P‐value) and thermal protein non‐denaturation ratio (X), respectively. A better temperature uniformity was found under 20 rpm than at 10 rpm of rotational speed (temperature difference was reduced from 1.8 to 1.4°C and 5.1 to 4.3°C for egg white and yolk, respectively). Moreover, the degree of protein denaturation (at the point where the P‐value was accomplished) at 20 and 10 rpm were 0.92 and 0.89, and 0.99 and 0.98 for egg white and yolk, respectively. These results are of potential value for the design of ohmic pasteurization systems for fluid foods.Practical applicationsThe applications of the findings of this study include but are not limited to: (a) utilize the measured electrical conductivity values at 20 kHz of egg whites and yolks for further studies; (b) predict the temperature and velocity profiles and distributions of liquid eggs during agitated ohmic pasteurization processes using the developed 3D computer simulation model; (c) evaluate improvements in temperature uniformity, pasteurization efficiency, and quality retention by fine‐tuning processing parameters as evaluated in this study; and (d) use the design and the conducted analysis of agitated ohmic heating system of liquid eggs for developing novel pasteurization applications of fluid foods.
Happily retired! A consensual qualitative research to elaborate theory on resources' categorization, processes and caravans for successful retirement adjustment
Authors: Froidevaux Ariane , Curchod Géraldine , Degli‐Antoni Saskia , Maggiori Christian , Rossier Jérôme 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSuccessfully adjusting to retirement, in terms of achieving psychological comfort with one's retirement life, represents a major challenge for older workers. Although current literature emphasizes that it may depend on the availability and fluctuation of specific resources, little is known about which types and how resources allow recent retirees to adjust to retirement. Drawing on the resource‐based dynamic model for retirement adjustment and conservation of resources theory, the current study aims to elaborate theory on resources' types, relative importance and combinations in caravans, and the processes through which they shape successful retirement adjustment. In a consensual qualitative research using abductive reasoning with recent retirees aged 66–69, we find four major resource types. We show that their importance varies (from the most important to the least: social interactions, life conditions, time management and individuality) and that they travel in caravans within a resource type. We further propose a model highlighting how these resources shape successful retirement adjustment through resources signal, conservation and acquisition processes. Overall, our findings offer theoretical and empirical contributions to the resource perspective on retirement adjustment and to conservation of resources theory's understanding of resources' categorization, processes and caravans.
Thermal Energy Storage Heat Exchanger Design: Overcoming Low Thermal Conductivity Limitations of Phase-Change Materials
Authors: Messenger Melissa A. , Manglik Raj M. , Boetcher Sandra K.S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in solid-to-liquid phase-change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES) solutions in response to ambitious decarbonization goals. While PCMs have very high thermal storage capacities, their typically low thermal conductivities impose limitations on energy charging and discharging rates. Extensive research efforts have focused on improving PCM thermal conductivity through the incorporation of additives. However, this approach presents challenges such as achieving uniform mixtures, maintaining high latent heat, and cost. Alternatively, it has been demonstrated that, in this study, reducing the length scale of the PCM-encasement thickness can eliminate the low thermal conductivity effect of PCMs. To illustrate this concept, a one-dimensional PCM slab was numerically simulated. The thickness of the slab was varied to represent dimensions found in flow passages of compact heat exchangers, and the heat transfer coefficient of the heating fluid was varied to represent lower and upper bounds while also including nominal values encountered in air-to-air heat exchangers. The thermal conductivity was parametrically varied from the natural value of the PCM to simulated enhanced values (potentially achieved through additives) of up to 400 times larger. Results show that reducing the PCM-encasement thickness yields substantially better performance than by improving the thermal conductivity, thereby demonstrating the potential for compact heat exchanger design to overcome the PCM thermal conductivity limitations.
JAVELIN Anchor Adapted for Floating Offshore Wind
Authors: Kovacs Stéphane , Thies Philipp , Johanning Lars , Jones Alun , Spring Mark , Strong Philip 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Anchoring and mooring systems are identified as a key area of innovation in the context of recent increasing demand in Floating Offshore Wind (FLOW) installations.
This paper presents the technology assessment of the JAVELIN Anchor developed by Reflex Marine Ltd for FLOW application in the JAVELIN anchor demonstration program. The deepset JAVELIN Tensile anchor provides a competitive anchoring solution for FLOW installed with low cost work vessel and proven drilling technique.
Several design criteria have to be met: i) sufficient strength of the material in ultimate limit state and the fatigue limit state. ii) anchor design to have low installation and capital cost. iii) efficient in various type of geotechnical formation.
The strength of the material is analysed in finite element package, namely Ansys. A Tensile Member in Carbon Steel met the design requirement with a diameter 0.2 m for 1000 t application.
In addition, the maximum load cases are modeled in hydrodynamic software, namely Orcaflex to simulate the dynamics of the JAVELIN anchor for several sea state, soil resistance and mooring configurations, taking into account the coupled dynamics between wind turbine, floater and mooring systems. For water depths varying from 200–400 m, the tension values are lower than the load cases studied in the strength of the material.
Conceptual Design of a Tension Leg Platform With 22.3 MW Vertical Axis Turbine
Authors: Huang Edward , Ennis Brandon L. , Moore Kevin R. , Chen Xiaohong , Yu Qing , R. Arulmary 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the conceptual design of a tension leg platform (TLP) for the ARCUS “towerless” vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). VAWTs are ideal for floating offshore sites and have several advantages over horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) including reduced top mass, lower center of gravity, increased energy capture, and in turn lower cost. The towerless ARCUS VAWT drives these advantages further through increased structural efficiency and by enabling more optimized TLP designs with simplified installation procedures.
For hull sizing, we have studied three turbine sizes with corresponding power ratings of 5.1 MW, 10.4 MW and 22.3 MW. The largest turbine was identified as having the greatest potential to reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and is the reference size used for the further detailed design process. The conceptual design of the VAWT TLP has been awarded with an ABS Approval in Principle Certificate.
This paper contains brief analysis results and design findings for a TLP designed to house a VAWT, including the following topics:
• Applicable Design Codes
• Metocean Conditions
• ARCUS Turbine Loads
• Design Load Cases and Requirements
- Pre-service TLP Stability
- In-place TLP Global Performance
• Platform Configurations, Hull Structure Scantling Design, Weight and CG Estimation, and General Arrangement Drawings
• Hull Ballast Plan for both Pre-service and In-place Conditions
• Pre-service Quayside Integration, Transportation and Wet Tow Stability Analysis
• Global Performance Analysis for Motions and Tendon tensions
• Summary of cost components and system levelized cost of energy
Numerical Investigation of a SPAR Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform Under Extreme Waves
Authors: Thomas Arya , V. K. Srineash , Behera Manasa Ranjan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The increase in the carbon footprint and growing environmental consciousness are driving the energy sector from conventional fossil fuels to renewable energies. Since oceans provide energies in the form of winds, waves, tides and currents, substantial research has been carried out recently to exploit the ocean renewable energy. Irrespective of the type of ocean renewable energy, it is essential to have an offshore platform for energy extraction from the ocean. The present study focuses on the hydrodynamics of a SPAR type offshore platform housing a wind turbine. The existing literatures show that the frequency of extreme waves like rogue/ freak waves has increased drastically. Therefore, it is also essential to consider and study the interaction of freak wave with the offshore wind energy platforms.
In this study, the freak wave impact on a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) SPAR platform is studied using a potential flow theory based numerical model in the time domain. The numerical model is validated using past literature data and the freak wave-structure interaction (WSI) analysis is carried out. The motions of the SPAR FOWT, freak wave related air-gap effects are investigated. The present study aims to provide preliminary insights into the effect of freak wave impact on the design of FOWT.
Application of Uncrewed Surface Vessels Throughout the Life Span of Fixed and Floating Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Newman Paul J. T. , Ashton Ian , Thies Phillipp , Johanning Lars , Berrabah Nassif , Pillai Ajit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Offshore Wind sector is seeking to utilise Robotic and Uncrewed Systems (RUS) to help reduce the costs, emissions, and risks of harm to personal associated with the necessary survey and inspection works required over the whole life of fixed and floating offshore wind farms. New wind energy projects are being built in locations further from onshore support bases than previously, and this can impact the level of accessibility for routine and unplanned works, leading to increased use of offshore support vessels and a drive towards automating tasks if possible.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of RUS technology to give potential adopters and end-users insight into how and why different RUS types may be required (working individually or cooperatively) across the whole life of a wind farm.
A review was conducted of the available RUS technology and its suitability for different tasks encountered throughout the initial development, construction, operation, and decommissioning of offshore wind farms. Uncrewed Surface Vehicles were identified as being both well-established multi-purpose data gathering platforms as well as being able to support other RUS above and below the waterline for survey and inspection roles, and considered that this RUS type represents a vital asset for the offshore wind farms of the future.
On the Use of Response Conditioned Focused Wave and Wind Events for the Prediction of Design Loads
Authors: Tosdevin Tom , Edwards Emma , Holcombe Anna , Brown Scott , Ransley Edward , Hann Martyn , Greaves Deborah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Reducing the time required to predict design loads and responses would result in significant efficiency improvements to the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) design process. Present methods of predicting design values require at least six, 1-hour sea condition simulations. It would therefore be highly beneficial to identify what conditions lead to the extremes of a range of responses of interest to reduce the length of the time series required. The results of physical, 1:70 scale model experiments using the UMaine VolturnUS-S platform and IEA 15MW reference wind turbine are presented. A Real-time hybrid testing approach, where wind loading is calculated via a surrogate model and reproduced by two on board fans is used to approximate the aerodynamic loads at model scale. The response spectra for several responses of interest are used to construct short wave and wind time series using a ‘conditional random response wave’ approach developed in ship design. These time series, the responses they produce, and their resulting design value estimates are compared to those from 1-hour-long, irregular wave, and turbulent wind time series. This comparison is conducted for operating conditions at rated wind speed corresponding to design load case (DLC) 1.6, and it is performed at a location in the Celtic Sea.
Wind Turbine Gust Control Using LIDAR-Assisted Model Predictive Control
Authors: Srikanth Reddy Yiza , Hur Sung-ho 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)-based wind measurement system, positioned forward-facing, can gather information about the approaching wind. It proactively enables the wind turbine to adjust its operation via the feedforward (FF) loop. LIDAR technology can enhance wind turbine performance throughout its entire operational range. It can assist in torque control when wind speeds are below the rated level and in pitch control when wind speeds exceed the rated level. In this study, Model Predictive Control (MPC) is utilized. Within the field of wind turbine research, MPC has garnered significant interest in recent years due to its capability to handle both input and output constraints and leverage advanced on disturbances caused by the incoming wind, measured by the LIDAR. In this study, an FF-MPC is designed and compared with a more standard feedback (FB) MPC. A comparison is conducted in realistic gust wind conditions, considering below and above-rated wind ranges. These comparisons are performed in a realistic, high-fidelity aeroelastic simulation environment, i.e., DNV BLADED. Both controllers are designed for the DNV BLADED Supergen 5 MW wind turbine model. The control algorithm is implemented in C++, compiled into a dynamic link library (DLL), and integrated as an external controller within the DNV BLADED to enable accurate, high-fidelity simulations. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the superiority of FF-MPC over the standard FB-MPC.
Factors Influencing Power-5 Football Coaches’ Recruiting Responsibilities: The Intersection of Race, Role, and Geography
Authors: Corr Chris , Atwater Christopher , Anders Allison D. , Stokowski Sarah 
Published: January 2024

Football Bowl Subdivision football success (i.e., winning) is predicated on the ability to successfully recruit prospective athletes. Reflective of NCAA rules and regulations, assistant (i.e., position) coaches are relied upon to secure the enrollment of prospective athletes. Extant literature has established that Black position coaches are tasked with greater recruiting responsibilities than their White counterparts. Such tasking is indicative of a structural barrier limiting Black coaches’ opportunities for professional advancement. The present study sought to examine recruiting responsibilities among position coaches relative the demography of unique geographic areas they were assigned to recruit. Findings illustrate disproportionate responsibilities among racially dissimilar coaches.
Synthesis of Azole Derivatives of 1,2,3-Dithiazole-5-imines and Study of Their Fungicidal
Authors: Tsaplin G. V. , Bashkalova E. I. , Alekseenko A. L. , Popkov S. V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A three-stage method was proposed for the synthesis of new 4-[4-(2-azolylethyl)piperazine-1-yl]-N-aryl-5H-1,2,3-dithiazole-5-imines. This approach includes the reaction of Appel salt with anilines to produce 1,2,3-dithiazole-5-imines, which were converted into 4-[(4-chloroethyl)piperazine-1-yl]-5H-1,2,3-dithiazole-5-imines, alkylating azoles at the final stage. The high fungicidal activity of target compounds and intermediate 4-chloro-N-aryl-1,2,3-dithiazole-5-imines was shown in vitro tests versus six species of phytopathogenic fungi.
Acute rehabilitation following traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation
(ARTISAN): pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kearney Rebecca S , Ellard David R , Parsons Helen , Haque Aminul , Mason James , Nwankwo Henry , Bradley Helen , Drew Stephen , Modi Chetan , Bush Howard , Torgerson David , Underwood Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effects of an additional programme of physiotherapy in
adults with a first-time traumatic shoulder dislocation compared with
single session of advice, supporting materials, and option to self-refer
to physiotherapy.

Design
Pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
(ARTISAN).

Setting and participants
Trauma research teams at 41 UK NHS Trust sites screened adults with
a first time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation confirmed
radiologically, being managed non-operatively. People were excluded if
they presented with both shoulders dislocated, had a neurovascular
complication, or were considered for surgical management.

Interventions
One session of advice, supporting materials, and option to
self-refer to physiotherapy (n=240) was assessed against the same advice
and supporting materials and an additional programme of physiotherapy
(n=242). Analyses were on an intention-to-treat basis with secondary per
protocol analyses.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was the Oxford shoulder instability score (a
single composite measure of shoulder function), measured six months
after treatment allocation. Secondary outcomes included the QuickDASH,
EQ-5D-5L, and complications.

Results
482 participants were recruited from 40 sites in the UK. 354 (73%)
participants completed the primary outcome score (n=180 allocated to
advice only, n=174 allocated to advice and physiotherapy). Participants
were mostly male (66%), with a mean age of 45 years. No significant
difference was noted between advice compared with advice and a programme
of physiotherapy at six months for the primary intention-to-treat
adjusted analysis (between group difference favouring physiotherapy 1.5
(95% confidence interval −0.3 to 3.5)) or at earlier three month and six
week timepoints. Complication profiles were similar across the two
groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions
An additional programme of current physiotherapy is not superior to
advice, supporting materials, and the option to self-refer to
physiotherapy.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trialsisrctn63184243.
Pragmatic Adaptive Trial for Respiratory Infection in Children (PATRIC) Clinical Registry protocol
Authors: Pavlos Rebecca , Bhuiyan Mejbah U , Jones Mark , Oakes Daniel , O'Brien Sharon , Borland Meredith L , Doyle Sarah , Richmond Peter , Martin Andrew C , Snelling Thomas L , Blyth Christopher C 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAcute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common cause of paediatric hospitalisation. There is an urgent need to address ongoing critical knowledge gaps in ARI management. The Pragmatic Adaptive Trial for Respiratory Infections in Children (PATRIC) Clinical Registry will evaluate current treatments and outcomes for ARI in a variety of paediatric patient groups. The registry will provide a platform and data to inform a number of PATRIC clinical trials, testing various interventions in ARI treatment and management to optimise paediatric ARI care.Methods and analysisThe PATRIC Clinical Registry is a single-centre, prospective observational registry recruiting from a tertiary paediatric Emergency Department in Western Australia. Through characterising demographic, clinical, treatment and outcome data, the PATRIC Clinical Registry will improve our understanding of antibiotic utilisation and ARI outcomes in children.Ethics and disseminationThe PATRIC Clinical Registry is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (CPMP/ICH/13595) July 1996. Approval is provided by the Child and Adolescent Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). Study results will be communicated by presentation and publication (HREC: RGS0000003078.)Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12619000903189. UTN: U1111-1231-3365.