bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instructional multimedia program versus standard lecture: a comparison of two methods for teaching the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum
Authors: Aly M. , Elen J. , Willems G. 
Published: January 2004

Aim:  To compare the effectiveness of an interactive multimedia courseware package versus standard lectures regarding knowledge, understanding, and transfer of content, as well as problem‐solving skills in orthodontics.Methods:  Pre‐ and post‐test assessments of final‐year dental students (n = 26), who either used an interactive multimedia courseware package (n = 15) or attended standard lectures (n = 11) on equivalent material of the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum were carried out. Both groups were tested by written and multiple‐choice questions covering knowledge, understanding, and application areas in the curriculum. A one‐way anova was carried out in order to check statistical difference between the two groups. The P‐value was set at 0.05.Results:  There was no difference in prior knowledge between the groups at baseline. Generally, no significant difference was seen between the two groups in relation to answers to questions about knowledge, understanding, and application in the orthodontic curriculum. However, both groups improved their scores after the course. In one question investigating the extent of understanding the instructional content of the multidisciplinary orthodontic treatment, the multimedia courseware package group scored significantly better.Conclusion:  In this study, the instructional interactive multimedia program was found to be at least as effective as the standard lecture of the orthodontic curriculum for undergraduate training in orthodontics.
Internal medicine education in dentistry: knowledge required varies according to dental specialty
Authors: Miyatake Yoshiko , Kazama Miyuki , Isoda Mari , Nejima Jun 
Published: January 2004

Background: With recent increases in the number of elderly and medically compromised patients, dentists are required to have a more comprehensive understanding of medical problems. There is, however, little awareness of the importance of internal medicine at dental schools in Japan.Objective: The aims of the present study were to examine whether dentists need medical knowledge, to examine how often they experience difficulties regarding internal medicine in dental practice, and to determine whether their specialty or career influences their needs or difficulties.Design: A questionnaire based on the above objectives was designed and was sent to all the faculty members in the department of dentistry at Tsurumi University and all dentists who work at the university hospital.Results: Of 408 surveys, 307 (75%) responded. Ninety‐nine per cent of respondents recognized the necessity of internal medicine. The dentists specializing in gerodontology, dental anesthesiology or oral and maxillofacial surgery (group S) felt the need of knowledge of internal medicine more frequently than those of other specialties (group O) (Odds ratio 17.5, 95% CI: 2.4 ∼ 129.9;P = 0.000). Seventy‐four per cent of the dentists experienced difficulties in day‐to‐day practice caused by a lack of medical knowledge. Those in group S, experienced difficulties more frequently than those in group O (Odds ratio 5.3, 95% CI: 2.1 ∼ 12.9;P = 0.000). While the more experienced dentists in group S encountered difficulties more often, the more experienced dentists in group O encountered difficulties less often.Conclusions: The need for instruction in internal medicine varies according to dental specialty. Even very experienced dentists might fail to find solutions because of a lack of knowledge of internal medicine.
Growth of malignant oral epithelial stem cells after seeding into organotypical cultures of normal mucosa
Authors: Mackenzie Ian C. 
Published: January 2004

Background:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated both with the local expansion of clones of malignant cells and with their further migration to regional and distant sites. The interactions that occur between normal and malignant cells during these events are not well modelled by standard culture conditions, but organotypical cultures, in which epithelial cells are grown on a matrix containing fibroblasts, provide a suitable environment for such investigations.Methods:  Cells from five cell lines, each derived from OSCC and marked by retroviral transduction with alkaline phosphatase, were incorporated as small subpopulations (0.1–5%) in uniformly differentiating organotypical cultures constructed from normal oral mucosal cells. The patterns of growth of the malignant cells within the normal epithelium were examined for 3 weeks.Results:  There was variation between the different cell lines in their rates and patterns of growth, but all cell lines produced clusters of malignant cells that had expanded within 3 weeks to replace the normal epithelium. The appearance and spacing of these clusters suggested that each was derived from a single progenitor cell. The number of malignant cells initially present within a given area of organotypical epithelium was much greater than the number of expanding cell clusters subsequently formed. Cluster‐forming cells thus represented only a subpopulation of the tumour cells.Conclusions:  The organotypical model allows examination of interactions occurring between cells derived from OSCC and normal epithelia. The three‐dimensional nature of organotypical cultures, together with their more normal patterns of differentiation, provides an environment that more closely mimics the in vivo environment in which tumours develop. The finding that only a subpopulation of tumour cells forms expanding tumour colonies suggests a range of growth potentials within a tumour population and may provide preliminary evidence for some form of stem and amplifying cell pattern.
Orofacial granulomas after injection of cosmetic fillers. Histopathologic and clinical study of 11 cases
Authors: Lombardi T. , Samson J. , Plantier F. , Husson C. , Küffer R. 
Published: January 2004

Background: Purposely, cosmetic injections in orofacial tissues of various resorbable, biodegradable, or permanent fillers may be followed by development of foreign‐body granulomas. The aim of this article is to contribute to the histologic identification of the filler material.Methods: Histologic and clinical features of 11 cases of granulomas on orofacial fillers are described.Results: Only 3/11 patients knew the nature of the injected product. Four histologic patterns were found: (i) Artecoll, (ii) Dermalive, and (iii) New‐Fill granuloma, all three of the classic giant cell granuloma type, differing in respect of foreign particles; and (iv) Liquid Silicone granuloma, which featured a cystic and macrophagic type. Information was often missing or misleading, patients or practitioners being reluctant to give the details.Conclusion: Increasing demand for orofacial tissue augmentation makes pathologists face new, and sometimes, puzzling granuloma types. Identification of the foreign product might be required for therapeutic or medico‐legal reasons.
Assignment ofNeisseria meningitidisSerogroups A, C, W135, and Y Anticapsular Total Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2 Concentrations to Reference Sera
Authors: Joseph Helen , Balmer Paul , Bybel Mike , Papa Thomas , Ryall Robert , Borrow Ray 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACTMeningococcal serogroup-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2 concentrations were assigned to three reference sera, CDC 1992, 89-SF, and 96/562, for meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, and W135 via the method of cross standardization. The sum of the serogroup-specific IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations determined for the four meningococcal serogroups showed good agreement with the serogroup-specific IgG either determined here or as previously represented. Following the assignment of meningococcal serogroup-specific IgG1 and IgG2 concentration to these reference sera, a meningococcal serogroup-specific IgG1 and IgG2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol was developed. The serogroup A and C specific subclass distribution of a panel of adult sera collected following vaccination with any combination of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate, bivalent, or tetravalent polysaccharide vaccines was determined. For the determination of serogroup W135 and Y specific subclass distribution, an adolescent panel 28 days following a single dose of either tetravalent polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine was used. The sum of the serogroup-specific IgG1 and IgG2 showed strong correlation with the serogroup-specific total IgG determined. The assignment here of IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses to these reference sera will allow more detailed evaluation of meningococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines.
Fecal Immunoglobulin A Antibodies in Dogs Infected or Vaccinated with Canine Coronavirus
Authors: Decaro Nicola , Pratelli Annamaria , Tinelli Antonella , Martella Vito , Camero Michele , Buonavoglia Domenico , Tempesta Maria , Caroli Anna Maria , Buonavoglia Canio 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACTFecal secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in dogs infected or vaccinated with canine coronavirus (CCV) were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study was carried out with 32 fecal samples collected just before inoculation and at 28 days postinoculation. Five groups were studied: naturally infected dogs, experimentally infected dogs, dogs inoculated with a modified live (ML) CCV vaccine by the intramuscular route, dogs inoculated with an ML CCV vaccine by the oronasal route, and dogs given an inactivated CCV vaccine. Both the naturally and the experimentally infected dogs developed high levels of fecal IgAs. Interestingly, dogs inoculated with the ML CCV vaccine by the oronasal route developed levels of fecal IgA that were higher than those observed in the dogs inoculated with the same CCV vaccine by the intramuscular route or those observed in dogs inoculated with the inactivated vaccine. A relationship between the level of fecal IgAs to CCV and the degree of protection against CCV infection was observed.
Gamma Interferon (IFN-γ) and IFN-γ-Inducing Cytokines Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 Do Not Augment Infection-Stimulated Bone Resorption In Vivo
Authors: Sasaki Hajime , Balto Khaled , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Eastcott Jean , Hoshino Katsuaki , Akira Shizuo , Stashenko Philip 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACTPeriapical granulomas are induced by bacterial infection of the dental pulp and result in destruction of the surrounding alveolar bone. In previous studies we have reported that the bone resorption in this model is primarily mediated by macrophage-expressed interleukin-1 (IL-1). The expression and activity of IL-1 is in turn modulated by a network of Th1 and Th2 regulatory cytokines. In the present study, the functional roles of the Th1 cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IFN-γ-inducing cytokines IL-12 and IL-18 were determined in a murine model of periapical bone destruction. IL-12−/−, IL-18−/−, and IFN-γ−/−mice were subjected to surgical pulp exposure and infection with a mixture of four endodontic pathogens, and bone destruction was determined by microcomputed tomography on day 21. The results indicated that all IL-12−/−, IL-18−/−, and IFN-γ−/−mice had similar infection-stimulated bone resorption in vivo as wild-type control mice. Mice infused with recombinant IL-12 also had resorption similar to controls. IFN-γ−/−mice exhibited significant elevations in IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in lesions compared to wild-type mice, but these modulations had no net effect on IL-1α levels. Recombinant IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ individually failed to consistently modulate macrophage IL-1α production in vitro. We conclude that, at least individually, endogenous IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ do not have a significant effect on the pathogenesis of infection-stimulated bone resorption in vivo, suggesting possible functional redundancy in proinflammatory pathways.
Antibody Reactivity to Omp31 fromBrucella melitensisin Human and Animal Infections by Smooth and Rough Brucellae
Authors: Cassataro Juliana , Pasquevich Karina , Bruno Laura , Wallach Jorge C. , Fossati Carlos A. , Baldi Pablo C. 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACTGroup 3 of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) ofBrucellaincludes Omp25 and Omp31, which share 34% identity. Omp25 is highly conserved inBrucellaspecies, and Omp31 is present in allBrucellaspecies, exceptBrucella abortus. Antibodies toBrucella melitensisOmp31 have been sought only in infected sheep, and Western blotting of sera from infected sheep did not reveal anti-Omp31 reactivity. We obtained recombinant purified Omp31 (B. melitensis) and tested its recognition by sera from humans and animals suffering from brucellosis by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum samples from 74 patients, 57 sheep, and 47 dogs were analyzed; brucellosis was confirmed by bacteriological isolation in all ovine and canine cases and 31 human cases of brucellosis. Thirty-five patients (47%) were positive for antibodies to Omp31, including seven cases ofBrucella suisinfection, two cases ofB. abortusinfection, and three cases ofB. melitensisinfection. Of 39 sheep naturally infected withB. melitensis(biovars 1 and 3), 23 (59%) were positive for antibodies to Omp31. Anti-Omp31 antibodies were also detected in 12 of 18 rams (67%) in whichBrucella oviswas isolated from semen. Antibodies to Omp31 were also found in 41 (87%) of the 47 dogs, including 13 with recent infection. These results suggest that an indirect ELISA using recombinant purified Omp31 fromB. melitensiswould be of limited value for the diagnosis of human and animal brucellosis. Nevertheless, the potential usefulness of this antigen in combination with other recombinant proteins fromBrucellashould not be dismissed.
High Prevalence of Seropositivity to a Major Allergen of
Anisakis simplex
, Ani s 1, in Dyspeptic Patients
Authors: Toro Carlos , Caballero María Luisa , Baquero Margarita , García-Samaniego Javier , Casado Isabel , Rubio Margarita , Moneo Ignacio 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACT

Finding evidence of anisakidosis requires invasive methods. We have developed a serological assay based on the detection of an immunoglobulin E (IgE) specifically directed against Ani s 1 protein, a major parasite allergen of
Anisakis simplex
, which has shown a high level of accuracy in the diagnosis of anisakidosis. We used this tool to determine the prevalence of anti-Ani s 1 IgE in dyspeptic patients and to investigate if its seropositivity could be related to epidemiological factors other than raw fish consumption. A total of 174 dyspeptic patients who submitted to upper digestive tract endoscopy were studied. Specific IgE against Ani s 1 was determined by immunoblotting. Quantitative information on smoking, alcohol consumption, and fish consumption as well as a history of gastric surgery was recorded. Twenty-four (13.8%) patients were seropositive for Ani s 1 protein. The seroprevalence of anti-Ani s 1 IgE increased with age in patients who were less than 62 years old (
P
= 0.047). Seropositivity to Ani s 1 was associated with the consumption of fish in vinegar (
P
< 0.001), raw fish (
P
= 0.001), and smoked fish (
P
= 0.007). There was no relationship between anti-Ani s 1 IgE seropositivity and the number of cigarettes smoked (
P
= 0.098) or alcohol intake (
P
= 0.179). Five patients had undergone previous gastric surgery, and three of those patients were seropositive for Ani s 1 (
P
= 0.019). In multivariate analysis, the consumption of fish in vinegar (
P
= 0.006), raw fish (
P
= 0.017), and smoked fish (
P
= 0.002) and a history of gastric surgery (
P
= 0.005) were independent factors associated with anti-Ani s 1 IgE detection. In conclusion, at present, anisakidosis might frequently be underdiagnosed, and it might have a clinical role in patients with upper dyspeptic symptoms. Uncooked-fish ingestion and previous gastric surgery were associated with seropositivity for Ani s 1 protein.
Identification of Primary and Secondary Measles Vaccine Failures by Measurement of Immunoglobulin G Avidity in Measles Cases during the 1997 São Paulo Epidemic
Authors: Pannuti Cláudio S. , Morello Ricardo José , de Moraes José Cássio , Curti Suely Pires , Afonso Ana Maria S. , Camargo Maria Cláudia Corrêa , de Souza Vanda A. U. F. 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACT
Despite almost universal use of measles vaccines in recent decades, epidemics of the disease continue to occur. Understanding the role of primary vaccine failure (failure to seroconvert after vaccination) and secondary vaccine failures (waning immunity after seroconversion) in measles epidemics is important for the evaluation of measles control programs in developing countries. After a measles epidemic in São Paulo, Brazil, 159 cases previously confirmed by detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were tested for IgG avidity, and a secondary immune response, defined by an IgG avidity index of at least 30%, was established in 30 of 159 (18.9%) patients. Among the 159 patients, 107 (67.3%) had not been vaccinated and 52 (32.7%) had received one or more doses of measles vaccine. Of the 107 unvaccinated patients, 104 (97.2%) showed a primary immune response, defined as an IgG avidity index of less than 30%. Among the 52 patients with documented vaccination, 25 (48.1%) showed a primary immune response and 27 (51.9%) showed a secondary immune response, thereby constituting a secondary vaccine failure. Primary vaccine failure was observed in 13 of 13 patients vaccinated prior to 1 year of age and in 43.5 and 12.5%, respectively, of patients receiving one or two doses after their first birthdays. These results provide evidence that measurement of IgG avidity can be used to distinguish between primary and secondary vaccine failures in vaccinated patients with measles; the method can also be a useful tool for the evaluation of measles control programs.
Magnitude of Serum and Intestinal Antibody Responses Induced by Sequential Replicating and Nonreplicating Rotavirus Vaccines in Gnotobiotic Pigs and Correlation with Protection
Authors: Azevedo Marli S. P. , Yuan Lijuan , Iosef Cristiana , Chang Kyeong-Ok , Kim Yunjeong , Van Nguyen Trang , Saif Linda J. 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACT

A sequential mucosal prime-boost vaccine regimen of oral attenuated (Att) human rotavirus (HRV) priming followed by intranasal (i.n.) boosting with rotavirus protein VP2 and VP6 rotavirus-like particles (2/6-VLPs) has previously been shown to be effective for induction of intestinal antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses and protection in gnotobiotic pigs. Because serum or fecal antibody titers, but not intestinal ASC responses, can be used as potential markers of protective immunity in clinical vaccine trials, we determined the serum and intestinal antibody responses to this prime-boost rotavirus vaccine regimen and the correlations with protection. Gnotobiotic pigs were vaccinated with one of the two sequential vaccines: AttHRV orally preceding 2/6-VLP (VLP2x) vaccination (AttHRV/VLP2x) or following VLP2x vaccination (VLP2x/AttHRV) given i.n. with a mutant
Escherichia coli
heat-labile toxin (mLT) as adjuvant. These vaccines were also compared with three i.n. doses of VLP+mLT (VLP3x) and one and three oral doses of AttHRV (AttHRV1x and AttHRV3x, respectively). Before challenge all pigs in the AttHRV/VLP2x group seroconverted to positivity for serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. The pigs in this group also had significantly higher (
P
< 0.05) intestinal IgA antibody titers pre- and postchallenge and IgG antibody titers postchallenge compared to those in the other groups. Statistical analyses of the correlations between serum IgM, IgA, IgG, and virus-neutralizing antibody titers and protection demonstrated that each of these was an indicator of protective immunity induced by the AttHRV3x and the AttHRV/VLP2x regimens. However, only IgA and not IgM or IgG antibody titers in serum were highly correlated (
R
2
= 0.89;
P
< 0.001) with the corresponding isotype antibody (IgA) titers in the intestines among all the vaccinated groups, indicating that the IgA antibody titer is probably the most reliable indicator of protection.
Maintenance of Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Nuclear Antigen 2 in Healthy Individuals from Different Age Groups in a Japanese Population with a High Childhood Incidence of Asymptomatic Primary EBV Infection
Authors: Harada Shizuko , Kamata Yoshio , Ishii Yasuyuki , Eda Hiroyuki , Kitamura Ryo , Obayashi Maya , Ito Sayuri , Ban Fumihiko , Kuranari Jun , Nakajima Haruhiko , Kuze Tomoko , Hayashi Masao , Okabe Nobuhiko , Senpuku Hidenobu , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Nakamura Yoshiko , Kanegane Hirokazu , Yanagi Kazuo 
Published: January 2004

ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigens 2 and 1 (EBNA-2 and EBNA-1, respectively) were studied using sera from healthy individuals of a population with a high incidence of asymptomatic primary EBV infections during infancy or childhood in Japan. Two CHO-K1 cell lines expressing EBNA-2 and EBNA-1 were used for anticomplement and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The positivity rate for EBNA-2 IgG rose in the 1- to 2-year age group, increased and remained at a plateau (∼45%) between 3 and 29 years of age (3- to 4-, 5- to 9-, 10- to 14-, and 15- to 29-year age groups), and then reached 98% by age 40 (≥40-year age group). Both seropositivity for EBNA-1 and seropositivity for EBNAs in Raji cells (EBNA/Raji) were detected in the 1- to 2-year age group, remained high, and finally reached 100% by age 40. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of EBNA-2 IgG reached a plateau in the 5- to 9- and 10- to 14-year-old groups and remained elevated in the older age groups (15 to 29 and ≥40 years). The GMT of EBNA-1 IgGs increased to a plateau in the 1- to 2-year-old group and remained unchanged in the older age groups. The GMT of EBNA/Raji IgGs also reached a plateau in the 1- to 2-year-old group, remained level throughout the 3- to 14-year age groups, and decreased in the 15- to 29-year-olds. EBNA-2 IgGs emerged earlier than EBNA-1 IgGs in 8 of 10 patients with infectious mononucleosis, who were between 1 and 27 years old, and declined with time in three of eight cases. These results suggest that EBNA-2 IgG antibodies evoked in young children by asymptomatic primary EBV infections remain elevated throughout life, probably because of reactivation of latent and/or exogenous EBV superinfection.