bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the application of microbiologically activated bio-based fertilizers derived from manures on tomato plants and their rhizospheric communities
Authors: Clagnan Elisa , Cucina Mirko , De Nisi Patrizia , Dell’Orto Marta , D’Imporzano Giuliana , Kron-Morelli Roberto , Llenas-Argelaguet Laia , Adani Fabrizio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBio-based fertilizers (BBFs) recovered from animal manure are promising products to optimise resources recovery and generate high agricultural yields. However, their fertilization value may be limited and it is necessary to enrich BBFs with microbial consortia to enhance their fertilization value. Three specific microbial consortia were developed according to the characteristics of three different BBFs produced from manure (bio-dried solid fraction, solid fraction of digestate and biochar) to enhance plant growth and product quality. A greenhouse pot experiment was carried out with tomato plants grown with microbiologically activated BBFs applied either as N-organic fertilizers or as an organic amendment. A next generation sequencing analysis was used to characterise the development of each rhizospheric community. All the activated BBFs gave enhanced tomato yields (fresh and dry weight) compared with the non-activated treatments and similar to, or higher than, chemical fertilization. Concerning the tomato fruits’ organoleptic quality, lycopene and carotenoids concentrations were improved by biological activation. Metagenomic analysis points at Trichoderma as the main driver of the positive effects, with the effects of added bacteria being negligible or limited at the early stages after fertilization. In the context of the circular economy, the activated BBFs could be used to replace synthetic fertilisers, reducing costs and environmental burdens and increasing production.
Time-dependent homeostatic mechanisms underlie brain-derived neurotrophic factor action on neural circuitry
Authors: O’Neill Kate M. , Anderson Erin D. , Mukherjee Shoutik , Gandu Srinivasa , McEwan Sara A. , Omelchenko Anton , Rodriguez Ana R. , Losert Wolfgang , Meaney David F. , Babadi Behtash , Firestein Bonnie L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlasticity and homeostatic mechanisms allow neural networks to maintain proper function while responding to physiological challenges. Despite previous work investigating morphological and synaptic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most prevalent growth factor in the central nervous system, how exposure to BDNF manifests at the network level remains unknown. Here we report that BDNF treatment affects rodent hippocampal network dynamics during development and recovery from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in culture. Importantly, these effects are not obvious when traditional activity metrics are used, so we delve more deeply into network organization, functional analyses, and in silico simulations. We demonstrate that BDNF partially restores homeostasis by promoting recovery of weak and medium connections after injury. Imaging and computational analyses suggest these effects are caused by changes to inhibitory neurons and connections. From our in silico simulations, we find that BDNF remodels the network by indirectly strengthening weak excitatory synapses after injury. Ultimately, our findings may explain the difficulties encountered in preclinical and clinical trials with BDNF and also offer information for future trials to consider.
Dynamic behaviour of platinum and copper dopants in gold nanoclusters supported on ceria catalysts
Authors: Müller Nicole , Banu Rareş , Loxha Adea , Schrenk Florian , Lindenthal Lorenz , Rameshan Christoph , Pittenauer Ernst , Llorca Jordi , Timoshenko Janis , Marini Carlo , Barrabés Noelia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the behaviour of active catalyst sites at the atomic level is crucial for optimizing catalytic performance. Here, the evolution of Pt and Cu dopants in Au25 clusters on CeO2 supports is investigated in the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction, using operando XAFS and DRIFTS. Different behaviour is observed for the Cu and Pt dopants during the pretreatment and reaction. The Cu migrates and builds clusters on the support, whereas the Pt creates single-atom active sites on the surface of the cluster, leading to better performance. Doping with both metals induces strong interactions and pretreatment and reaction conditions lead to the growth of the Au clusters, thereby affecting their catalytic behaviour. This highlights importance of understanding the behaviour of atoms at different stages of catalyst evolution. These insights into the atomic dynamics at the different stages are crucial for the precise optimisation of catalysts, which ultimately enables improved catalytic performance.
On–off conduction photoswitching in modelled spiropyran-based metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Mostaghimi Mersad , Pacheco Hernandez Helmy , Jiang Yunzhe , Wenzel Wolfgang , Heinke Lars , Kozlowska Mariana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMaterials with photoswitchable electronic properties and conductance values that can be reversibly changed over many orders of magnitude are highly desirable. Metal-organic framework (MOF) films functionalized with photoresponsive spiropyran molecules demonstrated the general possibility to switch the conduction by light with potentially large on-off-ratios. However, the fabrication of MOF materials in a trial-and-error approach is cumbersome and would benefit significantly from in silico molecular design. Based on the previous proof-of-principle investigation, here, we design photoswitchable MOFs which incorporate spiropyran photoswitches at controlled positions with defined intermolecular distances and orientations. Using multiscale modelling and automated workflow protocols, four MOF candidates are characterized and their potential for photoswitching the conductivity is explored. Using ab initio calculations of the electronic coupling between the molecules in the MOF, we show that lattice distances and vibrational flexibility tremendously modulate the possible conduction photoswitching between spiropyran- and merocyanine-based MOFs upon light absorption, resulting in average on-off ratios higher than 530 and 4200 for p- and n-conduction switching, respectively. Further functionalization of the photoswitches with electron-donating/-withdrawing groups is demonstrated to shift the energy levels of the frontier orbitals, permitting a guided design of new spiropyran-based photoswitches towards controlled modification between electron and hole conduction in a MOF.
CSVRF: A CAM‐based popularity‐aware egress group‐caching scheme for SVRF‐based packet forward engines
Authors: Wu Ruisi , Jia Wen‐Kang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs a key component of high‐performance switches and routers, the packet forwarding engine (PFE) is mainly responsible for selecting the appropriate output port for tens of thousands of packets within an extremely short time frame. However, the performance of PFE is determined by the selected group membership algorithm. This paper puts forth a hybrid strategy–caching scalar‐pair and vectors routing and forwarding (CSVRF), consisting of virtual output port bitmap caching (VOPBC) and fractional‐N SVRF to address major multicast forwarding issues such as scalability by using content addressable memory. In CSVRF, a virtual output port bitmap cache is introduced, which includes the most popular combinations of output port bitmap and divides the big scalar‐pair into N sub‐groups to achieve parallel compute and the reusability of less bit‐length prime. The results demonstrate that the memory space and the forwarding latency are effectively reduced compared with previous work. In space efficiency, it only required 10% memory space compared with the original SVRF/fractional‐N SVRF, decreased 10% memory usage compared with pure VOPBC and nearly improved 1 to 4 orders of magnitude of packet processing time compared with the original SVRF and the fractional‐N SVRF respectively.
Automated fault location scheme for low voltage smart distribution systems
Authors: Naderi Salar , Ketabi Abbas , Sadeghkhani Iman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegrating the self‐healing capability realizes the automated protection of smart distribution systems. This article presents a fault location scheme for low voltage (LV) distribution systems based on the information collected from the smart meters. First, a fault condition is detected and classified by processing the current signal at the secondary side of the distribution transformer by an intelligent electronic device. Then, the faulty feeder and section are determined by calculating the fault‐imposed component of nodal voltages. The reliable performance of the proposed scheme is verified through several case studies using a real semi‐rural distribution system.
Rotated points for object detection in remote sensing images
Authors: Wang Longbao , Shen Yican , Yang Jin , Zeng Hui , Gao Hongmin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObject detection in remote sensing images poses great challenges due to the dense distribution, arbitrary orientation, and aspect ratio variations of objects. Most of the existing methods rely on aligned convolutional features, which fail to capture the geometric information of objects effectively and result in the inconsistency between the classification score and localization accuracy. Moreover, densely packed objects suffer from spatial feature aliasing caused by the intersection of reception fields between objects. To address this issue, a deformable convolution‐based method named rotated points is proposed, which consists of two modules: a point set loss module and a high‐quality sample assignment module. The point set loss module can extract geometric features of objects in arbitrary directions with fine‐grained point sets for feature representation and introduce outlier penalties to penalize outlier points. The high‐quality sample assignment module measures the classification and localization ability, orientation quality, and point‐wise correlation of point sets comprehensively to enhance the consistency of classification and regression significantly. Experiments on the DOTA and FAIR1M datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements over the benchmark model.
A radar extended target angle estimation method based on effective phase clustering
Authors: Zhang Shuhao , Luo Yunhua , Wang Zijian , Sun Hao , Wang Xiaoyi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor high‐resolution radar, traditional direction of arrival (DOA) angle measuring algorithms for point‐like targets cannot be directly applied to extended targets. Instead, pixel‐based detection and clustering must be performed first, followed by angle estimation. However, the presence of factors such as clutter and system noise makes it impossible to guarantee a one‐to‐one correspondence between the multiple scattering points of an extended target and the real target, which may result in significant discrepancies between the angle estimation and localization results and the real target. To address this issue, this paper proposes and discusses a radar extended target arrival angle estimation method based on effective phase clustering. The proposed method selects effective target scatterers through the interferometric phase information between channels, clusters these points, and then estimates the DOA angle of the extended target, effectively reducing the impact of interference scatterers on DOA angle estimation and improving the angular measurement accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by the measured data obtained from an airborne digital beamforming radar system.
Coronal dimmings as indicators of the direction of early coronal mass ejection propagation
Authors: Jain Shantanu , Podladchikova Tatiana , Chikunova Galina , Dissauer Karin , Veronig Astrid M. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale eruptions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun that can cause severe disturbances in space weather. Earth-directed CMEs are responsible for the disruption of technological systems and damaging power grids. However, the early evolution of CMEs, especially Earth-directed ones, is poorly tracked using traditional coronagraphs along the Sun-Earth line.
Aims. The most distinct phenomena associated with CMEs in the low corona are coronal dimmings, which are localized regions of reduced emission in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-rays formed due to mass loss and expansion during a CME. We present a new approach to estimating the early CME propagation direction based on the expansion of coronal dimmings.
Methods. We developed the Dimming InfeRred Estimate of CME Direction (DIRECD) method. First, we performed simulations of CMEs in 3D using a geometric CME cone model and varying parameters such as width, height, source location, and deflection from the radial direction to study their influence on the CME projection onto the solar sphere. Second, we estimated the dominant direction of the dimming extent based on the evolution of the dimming area. Third, using the derived dominant direction of the dimming evolution on the solar sphere, we solved an inverse problem to reconstruct an ensemble of CME cones at different heights, widths, and deflections from the radial propagation. Finally, we searched for which CME parameter combinations the CME orthogonal projections onto the solar sphere would match the geometry of the dimming at the end of its impulsive phase best; we did so to derive the CME direction in 3D. We tested our approach on two case studies on 1 October, 2011 and 6 September, 2011. We also validated our results with 3D tie-pointing of the CME bubble in an EUV low corona and with 3D reconstructions by graduated cylindrical shell modeling (GCS) of white-light CMEs higher up in the corona.
Results. Using DIRECD, we found that the CME on 1 October, 2011 expanded dominantly toward the south-east, while the CME on 6 September, 2011 was inclined toward the north-west. This is in agreement with the CME direction estimates from previous studies using multi-viewpoint coronagraphic observations.
Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that coronal dimming information can be used to estimate the CME’s direction early in its evolution. This allows us to provide information on the CME direction before it is observed in the coronograph’s field of view, which is of practical importance for space weather forecasting and the mitigation of potential adverse impacts on Earth.
Detection of zinc in pig feed based on the cavities of different shapes combined with LIBS
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Mengqin , Wu Shujia , Liu Zihao , Yao Mingyin , Liu Muhua , Xue Long 
Published: December 2023

Considering the serious risks posed by the heavy metals present in pig diets, monitoring and controlling the amount of these metals is crucial. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technique for performing elemental analysis due to its unique advantages, such as rapid, in situ, nondestructive, and online detection of various minerals. In order to improve the detection accuracy and detection limit (LOD) of elements, the spatial constraint combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CC-LIBS) is used to detect the quantity of zinc in pig feed and achieve the detection of samples with lower concentrations. Zn I 480.86 nm is selected as the characteristic spectral line, and the effects of different two-dimensional (cylindrical) and three-dimensional (hemispherical, truncated cone) cavities on the enhancement factor are compared under different time delays. The results show that the optimal conditions include a truncated cone cavity D5H3, a delay time of 2.08, and an enhancement factor of 3.01 associated with the analytical spectral line. The detection limit of zinc in samples under CC-LIBS is 62.67 mg/kg (the recommended quantity of zinc in pig diet mentioned in the safe use of feed additives is 43–80 mg/kg), which is 35.65% lower than that under the LIBS (97.39 mg/kg). Therefore, this work provides a new test basis and idea for the detection of zinc in pig feed.
Neue Therapieziele in der Therapie des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
– Gewichtsreduktion als co-primäres Therapieziel
Authors: Lautenbach Anne , zur Wiesch Clarissa Schulze , Aberle Jens 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungGemäß der Empfehlungen des aktuellen Konsensusberichts von ADA
und EASD wird die Bedeutung des Gewichtsmanagements bei der Behandlung der
Hyperglykämie verstärkt in den Mittelpunkt gerückt und
im Behandlungsalgorithmus dem Glukosemanagement gleichgestellt. Auch wenn die
Bedeutung einer Gewichtsabnahme bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit T2D seit
Langem bekannt ist, gilt der aktualisierte Therapiealgorithmus als Wendepunkt in
der Behandlung von Menschen mit T2D. Dieser berücksichtigt, dass
mittlerweile wirksame Substanzen zur Verfügung stehen, die gleichzeitig
den Blutzuckerspiegel senken und zur Gewichtsregulierung beitragen. Der neue
holistische, patientenzentrierte Therapieansatz enthält darüber
hinaus detailliertere Empfehlungen zu Lebensstilmaßnahmen
einschließlich gesunder Ernährung, körperlicher
Aktivität und Schlafqualität und -quantität.
Liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors: Conventional transarterial chemoembolization and thermal ablation
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Naguib Nagy N.N. , Lingwal Neelam , Bolik Philipp 
Published: December 2023

Purpose To identify prognostic factors for patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM) undergoing conventional transarterial chemoembolization (c-TACE), microwave ablation (MWA), or laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) and to determine the most effective therapy regarding volume reduction of NELM and survival.
Materials and Methods Between 1996 and 2020, 130 patients (82 men, 48 women) were treated with c-TACE, and 40 patients were additionally treated with thermal ablation. Survival was retrospectively analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier-method. Additional analyses were performed depending on the therapeutic intention (curative, palliative, symptomatic). Prognostic factors were derived using Cox regression. To find predictive factors for volume reduction in response to c-TACE, a mixed-effects model was used.
Results With c-TACE, an overall median volume reduction of 23.5 % was achieved. An average decrease in tumor volume was shown until the 6th c-TACE treatment, then the effect stopped. C-TACE interventions were most effective at the beginning of c-TACE therapy, and treatment breaks longer than 90 days negatively influenced the outcome. Significant prognostic factors for survival were number of liver lesions (p = 0.0001) and type of therapeutic intention (p < 0.0001). Minor complications and one major complication occurred in 20.3 % of LITT and only in 8.6 % of MWA interventions. Complete ablation was observed in 95.7 % (LITT) and 93.1 % (MWA) of interventions.
Conclusion New prognostic factors were found for survival and volume reduction. Efficacy of c-TACE decreases after the 6th intervention and treatment breaks longer than 90 days should be avoided. With thermal ablation, a high rate of complete ablation was achieved, and survival improved.
Key points
Reliability of the Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate in
Rowers
Authors: Held Steffen , Rappelt Ludwig , Brockherde Julia , Donath Lars 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe maximal lactate accumulation rate (VLamax) has been linked to lactic
anaerobic performance. Hence, accurate and reliable assessment is crucial in
sport-specific performance testing. Thus, between-day reliability data of
rowing-specific VLamax assessment was examined. Seventeen trained rowers (eight
females and nine males; 19.5±5.2 yrs;
1.76±0.08 m; 70.2±8.9 kg;
V̇O2max: 54±13 ml/min/kg)
performed 20-s sprint tests on two separate days (one week apart) on a rowing
ergometer. VLamax, peak lactate concentration, time to peak lactate, and mean
rowing power were measured. Good to excellent intraclass correlation
coefficients (ICCs), low standard error of measurement (SEM), and acceptable
levels of agreement (LoAs; 90% confidence interval) for VLamax
(ICC=0.85; SEM=0.02 mmol/L/s;
LoA±0.09 mmol/L/s), peak lactate
(ICC=0.88; SEM=0.3 mmol/L;
LoA±1.4 mmol/l), time to peak lactate (ICC=0.92;
SEM=0.1 min; LoA±0.5 min), and mean rowing power
(ICC=0.98; SEM=3 W; LoA±39 W) were
observed. In addition, VLamax was highly correlated (r=0.96;
p≤0.001) to rowing power. Thus, VLamax and sprint performance
parameters can be measured highly reliably using this sport-specific sprint test
in rowing.
Identification of Key Genes and Related Drugs of Adrenocortical
Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wei Jian-bin , Zeng Xiao-chun , Ji Kui-rong , Zhang Ling-yi , Chen Xiao-min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant carcinoma with an extremely poor
prognosis, and its pathogenesis remains to be understood to date, necessitating
further investigation. This study aims to discover biomarkers and potential
therapeutic agents for ACC through bioinformatics, enhancing clinical diagnosis
and treatment strategies. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ACC and
normal adrenal cortex were screened out from the GSE19750 and GSE90713 datasets
available in the GEO database. An online Venn diagram tool was utilized to
identify the common DEGs between the two datasets. The identified DEGs were
subjected to functional assessment, pathway enrichment, and identification of
hub genes by performing the protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology
(GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The
differences in the expressions of hub genes between ACC and normal adrenal
cortex were validated at the GEPIA2 website, and the association of these genes
with the overall patient survival was also assessed. Finally, on the QuartataWeb
website, drugs related to the identified hub genes were determined. A total of
114 DEGs, 10 hub genes, and 69 known drugs that could interact with these genes
were identified. The GO and KEGG analyses revealed a close association of the
identified DEGs with cellular signal transduction. The 10 hub genes identified
were overexpressed in ACC, in addition to being significantly associated with
adverse prognosis in ACC. Three genes and the associated known drugs were
identified as potential targets for ACC treatment.
Efficient Synthesis of Pyrido[3,4-c]cinnolines and Pyrido[3,2-c]cinnolines by Intramolecular Azo Coupling Reaction of 4,6-Diaryl-3-pyridine Diazonium Salts and Study of Their Antiviral Activity
Authors: Sagitullina Galina P. , Fisenko Alina Yu. , Shuvalov Vladislav Yu. , Arshinov Evgenii V. , Glizdinskaya Larisa V. , Shishkina Larisa N. , Bormotov Nikolay I. , Serova Olga A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA new method is proposed for the synthesis of pyrido[3,4-c]cinnolines and pyrido[3,2-c]cinnolines. Pyridine-3-diazonium tetrafluoroborates, containing donor methoxy groups in one of the aryl substituents, form pyridocinnolines at 0 °C by intramolecular azo coupling reaction. The 2′-methoxy group in the aryl substituent of the pyridine-3-diazonium salt participates in the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, which results in the elimination of the diazo group to form benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine and benzofuro[3,2-b]pyridine. The intermediate and target reaction products were isolated in high yields.