bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Patient Experience of Prior Authorization for Cancer Care
Authors: Chino Fumiko , Baez Alexandra , Elkins Ivy B. , Aviki Emeline M. , Ghazal Lauren V. , Thom Bridgette 
Published: October 2023

ImportancePrior authorization (PA) requires clinicians and patients to navigate a complex approval pathway. Resultant delays and denials can be particularly problematic for patients with cancer, who often need urgent treatment or symptom management.ObjectiveTo investigate the patient perspective of PA for cancer-related care, including perceptions about the process, outcomes (including delays and denials), and patient administrative burden.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, anonymous survey used a convenience sample of patients with PA experience. Participants were recruited using social media and email lists of US-based cancer advocacy organizations from July 1 to October 6, 2022.ExposurePrior authorization for any cancer-related service.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDelays to care, outcome of PA, communication, and changes in anxiety (measured on a scale of 0-100, with 0 indicating no anxiety and higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety) and trust.ResultsOf 178 respondents (158 women [88%], 151 non-Hispanic White respondents [84%], 164 respondents [92%] &amp;lt;65 years), 112 (63%) reported that their cancer care was approved and given as recommended, and 39 (22%) did not receive recommended care due to delays or denials. Most respondents (123 [69%]) reported a PA-related delay in care; of those with delayed care, 90 (73%) reported a delay of 2 or more weeks. Most respondents (119 [67%]) had to personally become involved in the PA process; 35 (20%) spent 11 or more hours dealing with PA issues. Overall, the PA experience was rated as bad (70 [40%]) or horrible (55 of 174 [32%]); ratings were associated with the length of delay (ρ = 0.36; P &amp;lt; .001) and the time spent on PA (ρ = 0.42; P &amp;lt; .001). Self-reported PA-related anxiety was higher than usual anxiety (mean [SD] score, 74.7 [20.2] vs 37.5 [22.6]; P &amp;lt; .001) and was correlated with delay length (ρ = 0.16; P = .04), time spent on PA (ρ = 0.27; P &amp;lt; .001), and overall PA experience (ρ = 0.34; P &amp;lt; .001). After PA, 159 respondents (89%) trusted their insurance company less, and 148 respondents (83%) trusted the health care system less. Patient involvement in the PA process was associated with increased odds of distrusting their insurance company (β = 6.0; 95% CI, 1.9-19.2) and the health care system (β = 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-8.1) and of having a negative experience (β = 6.6; 95% CI, 3.1-14.3).Conclusions and RelevanceThis survey-based cross-sectional study of the patient experience with PA highlights an adverse outcome of PA: 22% of patients did not receive the care recommended by their treatment team because of PA. Most respondents experienced a delay in recommended oncology care, and delays were associated with increased anxiety, a negative perception of the PA process, and patient administrative burden.
Characteristics of Recurrent Visions of the Nonphysical World Among Cognitively Unimpaired Elders of an Ojibwe Tribal Nation
Authors: Mantyh William G. , Block Adam D. , Castro Madelyn R. , Hansen Adam , Matheson Matti J. , Strong Corey , Hill Annamarie , Cayci Zuzan , Henderson J. Neil 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceVisual hallucinations are a core feature of dementia with Lewy bodies and primary psychiatric disease, yet identification of a hallucination vs normal spiritual experience depends on cultural context. Almost no information exists in the medical literature regarding normal spiritual experiences in American Indian participants in the context of a neurocognitive evaluation.ObjectiveTo assess the characteristics of a normal spiritual experience in an Ojibwe Tribal Nation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted between August 1, 2021, and August 31, 2022, among an Ojibwe Tribal Nation in northern Minnesota. Participants were evaluated at their tribal nation clinic. Cognitively unimpaired tribal Elders who were enrolled members of the tribal nation and aged 55 years or older were invited to participate via fliers, radio advertisements, and health fair presentations. Thirty-seven tribal Elders volunteered.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEach participant was asked whether they experienced hallucinations or visions of people, animals, or objects that are not part of the physical world. This was an a priori formulated question and part of a comprehensive neurocognitive evaluation consisting of history and physical examination (including cognitive screening with a subspecialty-trained behavioral neurologist); blood tests for metabolic, nutritional, and thyroid conditions; and noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging brain scan. Four patients were excluded from the present analysis due to having mild cognitive impairment or dementia.ResultsThirty-three cognitively unimpaired tribal Elders (mean [SD] age, 66.0 [7.5] years; 22 women [67%]) were included. Sixteen (48%) answered affirmatively, reporting recurrent visions of the nonphysical world. Generally, these visions were well formed, benevolent in nature, and transient; started in preadolescence; involved spirits or ancestors; and were congruent with cultural and spiritual beliefs of the Ojibwe people. No patients had accompanying dream enactment behavior, dysautonomia, parkinsonism, sleep transition–related hallucinations, or moderate to severe depression to suggest a prodrome of an α-synucleinopathy, hypnopompic or hypnagogic hallucinations, or psychosis.Conclusions and RelevanceAlthough based on only 1 Ojibwe Tribal Nation, this study suggests that formed visions of the nonphysical world are common among cognitively healthy Ojibwe individuals and can represent normal spiritual experiences. Clinicians would benefit from careful consideration of cultural or spiritual context to avoid misdiagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease.
Phonologically Conditioned Allomorphy
Authors: Bonet Eulàlia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderlying allomorphy poses a challenge to theories of the morphology–phonology interface when the conditioning factors include phonological information. Three basic types of cases are identified with respect to the nature of allomorph selection: (i) phonologically fully optimizing selection; (ii) phonologically partially optimizing selection; and (iii) phonologically arbitrary selection. The approaches that cover these three cases fall into two groups, ones where the selection is left completely to the morphology, with Vocabulary Insertion (in Distributed Morphology terms), and ones where the selection is left to the phonology (within some version of Optimality Theory), for at least fully optimizing and partially optimizing patterns; argumentation is given in favour of the latter approach. A discussion is also included on when and how cases of alleged underlying allomorphy can be reduced to surface‐only allomorphy and hence be assimilated to the regular phonological alternations of the language. For the cases discussed, it is shown that capturing the differences between the alternants in terms of a single representation that includes floating segments is feasible especially when one of the alternants surfaces with a subset of the segments of the other alternant, not with most instances of suppletion. One of the examples of suppletion is still reanalysed as a case of surface‐only allomorphy with the inclusion of a restricted version of the constraint OCP.
Recursion in Morphology
Authors: Miller Taylor L. , Sande Hannah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers phenomena that have been called recursive within morphology. These include cyclic and interleaved application of morphology and phonology, nested morphosyntactic structures, the (non‐)reorderability of affixes and apparent prosodic recursion at the (sub‐)word level. The predictions that existing models make about recursive morphological structures are considered and the chapter examines whether those predictions hold across languages. Case studies from a variety of typologically distinct languages are examined, including Malayalam (Dravidian), Adyghe (Northwest Caucasian), Dakota (Siouan), Zezuru Shona and Chichewa (Bantu), Kaqchikel (Mayan) and English. Ultimately, it is found that morphological recursion tends to align with, but is more restricted than, syntactic recursion. Phonological and semantic constraints tend to limit the kinds of morphological recursion seen across languages.
Suppletion
Authors: Hippisley Andrew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSuppletion is morphological irregularity in the extreme where stems inhabiting the same paradigm have zero phonological relationship such asgo:wentin English. It is a phenomenon that linguists have had to reckon with as far back as Pāṇini since it is pervasive in language, and primarily affects high‐frequency items. Questions answered here include: How does it arise in a language? What are its origins? What counts as suppletion? Is there ‘better’ or ‘worse’ suppletion? Are there tendencies that can be observed when comparing suppletion across languages? What features arenormallyat play? And what are the implications of suppletion for the place of paradigms in language description? This entry looks at the origins of the arrival of the phonologically distinct stem in a lexeme's set of forms, and the coalescence of attributes characterizing suppletion cases. A distinction is drawn betweentypicalandcanonicalsuppletion when a canonical lens is held up to suppletion phenomena. The discussion brings to the foreground the centrality of the paradigm for a robust treatment of suppletion.
Amyloid detection and typing yield of skin biopsy in systemic amyloidosis and polyneuropathy
Authors: Pinton Sandra , Vacchi Elena , Chiaro Giacomo , Raimondi Andrea , Tzankov Alexandar , Gerber Bernhard , Gobbi Claudio , Kaelin‐Lang Alain , Melli Giorgia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveDisease‐modifying therapies are available for amyloidosis but are ineffective if end‐organ damage is severe. As small fiber neuropathy is an early and common feature of amyloidosis, we assessed detection and typing yield of skin biopsy for amyloid in patients with confirmed systemic amyloidosis and neuropathic symptoms.MethodsIn this case–control study, patients with transthyretin and light chain amyloidosis (ATTRv, ATTRwt, and AL) were consecutively recruited. They were sex and age‐matched to three control groups (1) non‐neuropathic controls (NNC), (2) monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and (3) other neuropathic disease controls (ONC). Patients underwent a double 3 mm skin biopsy in proximal and distal leg. Amyloid index and burden, protein typing by immuno‐electron microscopy, intraepidermal nerve fiber density, electroneuromyography, and clinical characteristics were analyzed.ResultsWe studied 15 subjects with confirmed systemic amyloidosis, 20 NNC, 18 MGUS, and 20 ONC. Amyloid was detected in 100% of patients with amyloidosis (87% in ankle and 73% in thigh). It was not detected in any of the control groups. A small fiber neuropathy was encountered in 100% of amyloidosis patients, in 80% of MGUS, and in 78% of ONC. Amyloid burden was higher in ATTRv, followed by AL and ATTRwt. The ultrastructural examination allowed the identification of the precursor protein by immunotyping in most of the cases.InterpretationSkin biopsy is a minimally invasive test with optimal sensitivity for amyloid. It allows amyloid typing by electron microscope to identify the precursor protein. The diagnostic work up of systemic amyloidosis should include a skin biopsy.
Anchored Cell Sheet Engineering: A Novel Scaffold‐Free Platform for in vitro Modeling
Authors: Shahin‐Shamsabadi Alireza , Cappuccitti John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiofabricated in vitro models hold unrealized potential in accelerating drug discovery and reducing new drug costs, but current models are overly simplified and lack physiological relevance. Certain platforms capable of mimicking in vivo conditions face hurdles such as complexity, high costs, and non‐standardized applications. Existing cell sheet engineering methodologies, despite being physiologically relevant, have technical limitations like creating suitable 3D forms with proper anchorage. An innovative platform is introduced here, designed for in vitro modeling, which capitalizes on 2D culture systems and scaffold‐free cell sheets to create self‐assembling 3D tissue constructs. It provides precise control over cellular behavior, especially ECM production and remodeling. Scaffold‐free muscle fibers and lung epithelial cell cultures served as examples. This platform can fuse various scaffold‐free models to construct assembloids mimicking organ structures and functions. Different tissues can be linked via a fluidic system for body‐level simulations. Moreover, ECM‐rich constructs from cell sheets can create organ‐level ECM scaffolds, and the resulting cell sheet‐derived ECM (CSdECM) can be solubilized to facilitate 2D cellular behavior. This versatile platform, compatible with other cell sheet engineering techniques, is set to revolutionize in vitro modeling.
Rational Engineering of a Multifunctional DNA Assembly for Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy and Accelerated Wound Healing
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Wang Jing , Liang Meijuan , Shang Jinhua , Chen Yingying , Liu Xiaoqing , Song Dengpeng , Wang Fuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDNA‐based assemblies hold immense prospects for antibacterial application, yet are constrained by their poor specificity and deficient antibacterial delivery. Herein, the fabrication of a versatile rolling circle amplification (RCA)‐sustained DNA assembly is reported, encoding simultaneously with multivalent aptamers and tandem antibacterial agents, for target‐specific and efficient antibacterial application. In the compact RCA‐sustained antibacterial platform, the facilely organized multivalent aptamers guarantee the target bacteria‐specific delivery of sufficient antibacterial agents which is assembled through DNA‐stabilizing silver nanostructures. It is shown that the biocompatible DNA system could enhance bacteria elimination and simultaneously facilitate wound healing in vivo. By virtue of the programmable RCA assembly, the present RCA‐sustained system provides a highly modular and scalable approach to design versatile multifunctional therapeutic systems.
An Industrially Applicable Passivation Strategy for Significantly Improving Cyclability of Zinc Metal Anodes in Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Wu Peng , Xu Luyu , Xiao Xuemei , Ye Xiaoman , Meng Yuezhong , Liu Sheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe cycling instability of metallic Zn anodes hinders the practicability of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries, though aqueous Zn‐ion batteries may be the most credible alternative technology for future electrochemical energy storage applications. Commercially available trivalent chromium conversion films (TCCF) are successfully employed as robust artificial interphases on Zn metal anodes (ZMAs). Fabricated through a simple immersion method, the TCCF‐protected Zn (TCCF@Zn) electrode enables a superlow nucleation overpotential for Zn plating of 6.9 mV under 1 mA cm−2, outstanding Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% at 3 mA cm−2 for 1600 cycles in Zn||Cu asymmetric cells and superior cyclability in symmetric Zn||Zn batteries at 0.2, 2, and 5 mA cm−2 for 2500 h and 10 mA cm−2 for 1200 h. More importantly, the TCCF@Zn||V2O5 full cell exhibits a specific capacity of 118.5 mAh g−1 with a retention of 53.4% at 3 A g−1 for 3000 cycles, which is considerably larger than that of the pristine Zn||V2O5 full cell (59.7 mAh g−1 with a retention of 25.7%). This study demonstrates a highly efficient and low‐cost surface modification strategy derived from an industrially applicable trivalent chromium passivation technique aimed at obtaining dendrite‐free ZMAs with high reversibility for practical Zn batteries in the near future.
Inhibiting Endothelial Cell‐Mediated T Lymphocyte Apoptosis with Integrin‐Targeting Peptide‐Drug Conjugate Filaments for Chemoimmunotherapy of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Cai Ying , Zhu Binyu , Shan Xiaoting , Zhou Lingli , Sun Xujie , Xia Anqi , Wu Binhao , Yu Yang , Zhu Helen He , Zhang Pengcheng , Li Yaping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTumor‐associated endothelial cells (TECs) limit antitumor immunity via inducing apoptosis of infiltrating T lymphocytes through a Fas ligand (FasL) mediated mechanism. Herein, this work creates a peptide‐drug conjugate (PDC) by linking 7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) to hydrophilic segments with either RGDR or HKD motif at their C‐terminus through a glutathione‐responsive linker. The PDCs spontaneously assemble into filaments in aqueous solution. The PDC filaments containing 1% of SN38‐RGDR (SN38‐HKD/RGDR) effectively target triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and TECs with upregulated expression of integrin, and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and FasL downregulation of TECs. SN38‐HKD/RGDR increases infiltration, activity, and viability of CD8+ T cells, and thus inhibits the growth of primary tumors and pulmonary metastasis. This study highlights the synergistic modulation of cancerous cells and TECs with integrin‐targeting PDC filaments as a promising strategy for TNBC chemoimmunotherapy.
Antibacterial and Angiogenic (2A) Bio‐Heterojunctions Facilitate Infectious Ischemic Wound Regeneration via an Endogenous–Exogenous Bistimulatory Strategy
Authors: Li Bin , Yang Weizhong , Shu Rui , Yang Hang , Yang Fan , Dai Wenyu , Chen Wanxi , Chan Yau Kei , Bai Ding , Deng Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn infectious ischemic wounds, a lack of blood perfusion significantly worsens microbe‐associated infection symptoms and frequently complicates healing. To overcome this daunting issue, antibacterial and angiogenic (2A) bio‐heterojunctions (bio‐HJs) consisting of CuS/MXene heterojunctions and a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐mimicking peptide (VMP) are devised and developed to accelerate infectious cutaneous regeneration by boosting angiogenesis via an endogenous–exogenous bistimulatory (EEB) strategy. Assisted by near‐infrared irradiation, the bio‐HJ platform exhibits versatile synergistic photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic effects for robust antibacterial efficacy. In addition, copper ions liberated from 2A bio‐HJs elevate VEGF secretion from fibroblasts, which provokes VEGF receptors (VEGFR) activation through an endogenous pathway, whereas VMP itself promotes an exogenous pathway to facilitate endothelial cell multiplication and tube formation by directly activating the VEGFR signaling pathway. Moreover, employing an in vivo model of infectious ischemic wounds, it is confirmed that the EEB strategy can considerably boost cutaneous regeneration through pathogen elimination, angiogenesis promotion, and collagen deposition. As envisaged, this work leads to the development of a powerful 2A bio‐HJ platform that can serve as an effective remedy for bacterial invasion‐induced ischemic wounds through the EEB strategy.
Challenges and Advances in Rechargeable Batteries for Extreme‐Condition Applications
Authors: Wu Jialing , Wu Yunling , Wang Liguang , Ye Hualin , Lu Jun , Li Yanguang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRechargeable batteries are widely used as power sources for portable electronics, electric vehicles and smart grids. Their practical performances are, however, largely undermined under extreme conditions, such as in high‐altitude drones, ocean exploration and polar expedition. These extreme environmental conditions not only bring new challenges for batteries but also incur unique battery failure mechanisms. To fill in the gap, it is of great importance to understand the battery failure mechanisms under different extreme conditions and figure out the key parameters that limit battery performances. In this review, the authors start by investigating the key challenges from the viewpoints of ionic/charge transfer, material/interface evolution and electrolyte degradation under different extreme conditions. This is followed by different engineering approaches through electrode materials design, electrolyte modification and battery component optimization to enhance practical battery performances. Finally, a short perspective is provided about the future development of rechargeable batteries under extreme conditions.
Optical Helicity and Polarization Dependent NIR Negative Photocurrent in the 2D Magnetic Semiconductor CrI3
Authors: Chen Jiamin , Cheng Xing , Cheng Zhixuan , Wang Ziruo , Li Minglai , Jia Xionghui , Ran Yuqia , Li Yanping , Dai Lun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional magnetic semiconductors provide a fascinating platform for studying magneto‐optoelectronic properties at the atomically thin limit and have potential in developing novel devices. In this paper, the superior negative photoconductivity (NPC) characteristics of graphene‐CrI3‐graphene van der Waals heterostructure in light detection, such as a broader detection range (650–1250 nm) and faster response time (<0.32 ms), as well as light helicity and polarization sensitivity are reported. Under near‐infrared (NIR) light illumination, the NPC‐related photoresponsivity R and specific detectivity D* are 1.18 A W−1 and 1.26 × 109 Jones, respectively. Under magnetic field conditions, the NPC and positive photoconductivity (PPC) show opposite optical helicity dependence. The photoresponsivity helicity of the NPC‐dominated photocurrent can reach 16.01%. Besides, NPC and PPC show obvious and similar linear polarization dependence, independent of magnetic fields. It is demonstrated that NPC is superior to PPC in some aspects, such as fast detection of red and NIR lights as well as their helicity and polarization, especially in the NIR region. This work explores many unique phenomena of NPC, further revealing the interplay between magnetic and optoelectronic properties in CrI3, and paves the way for expanding traditional photoelectric detection and optical communication with higher data transmission rates.
Sunlight Driven Reversible and Tunable Plasmon Resonance in 2D Amorphous Molybdenum Oxide
Authors: Kong Weiqian , Liu Wei , Zheng Xiaoli , Xu Qun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional molybdenum oxide (2D MoO3), as a non‐noble metal semiconductor material, is of particular significance for exploring the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, the high excitation energy and the irreversible LSPR performance significantly restrict its practical application. To resolve these challenges, the hydrogen intercalated 2D amorphous MoO3 is investigated, and it can be observed that tunable plasmon resonances in the visible and near‐infrared regions occur. More importantly, the LSPR effect can be triggered by visible light and monochromatic light. For the first time, it is found out that the hydrogen intercalated 2D amorphous MoO3 presents a light‐modulated reversible LSPR effect, and its color can transfer from dark blue under illumination to transparent in light‐off. Additionally, solar energy can be effectively stored in bulk‐amorphous MoO3 materials. Therefore, these findings may provide a new platform to utilize sun power.