bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Characterization of Ectopic Adrenal Gene Expression in
Fetal Testes in 21-Hydroxylase Deficient Mice
Authors: Weniger Maximilian , Mattes Maria , Grünewald Thomas G.P. , Köhler Katrin , Hübner Angela , Beuschlein Felix , Reisch Nicole 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTesticular adrenal rest tumors (TART) are a frequent and fertility impairing
long-term complication in males with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Due
to lack of clear experimental data on their origin, they are hypothesized to be
derived from ectopic adrenocortical cells within testicular tissue mainly
growing upon stimulation by chronically elevated levels of adrenocorticotropin
(ACTH). Alternatively, a more totipotent embryological origin has been discussed
as the potential source of these tumors. The aim of this study was to quantify
alterations of ectopic expression of adrenocortical genes (CYP11B1, CYP11B2,
CYP21, MC2R) and the Leydig cell specific marker (INSL3) in testicular tissue of
fetal 21-hydroxylase deficient (21OHD) mice. Timed-pregnancy studies were
performed using H-2aw18 (aw18)-mice. Testes and adrenals of E15.5 and E18.5
mouse fetuses were used for real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Gene
expression levels were analyzed for genotype-dependent alterations and compared
with immunohistochemistry. While enzymes of steroidogenesis showed a significant
increased expression in adrenals of 21OHD mice at both E15.5 and E18.5 compared
to wild-type (WT) mice, expression levels were unaltered in testes of 21OHD
mice. When compared to WT adrenals a significant increase of INSL3 expression in
adrenals of 21OHD mice at E15.5 and E18.5 was detected. Cells with
adrenocortical properties in mice fetal testis differ from in situ
adrenocortical cells in gene expression and growth at E15.5 and E18.5. These
findings suggest that the different local regulation and different local niche
in adrenals and testes influence growth of aberrant adrenal cells.
Maintaining political authority and credibility during the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Berrocal Martina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article explores how communicative influence is instantiated through the analysis of
situational settings, pragmatic means, and discursive strategies at the press conferences held by the Czech government
during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis to maintain political authority and credibility. The analysis is informed by the
rhetorical approach used in crisis communication studies and follows the tenets of corpus-assisted discourse studies
(Taylor and Marchi 2018). It combines quantitative insights with qualitative close reading. The results point to the
fact that the building and maintenance of authority and credibility is achieved by a positive depiction of one’s
crisis management performance and by intensive blame management. In addition, there is a tendency towards strategic
overcommunication which can hinder the understanding and critical scrutiny on the part of the audience.
News media’s epistemological framings of the Covid-19 ‘lab leak’ hypothesis
Authors: Deschrijver Cedric 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite a continuing lack of conclusive evidence on the origins of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has
been a reassessment of the likelihood of various explanations, including the ‘lab leak’ hypothesis. This chapter
analyses selected UK, US, and Chinese media articles’ usage of ‘conspiracy theory’ in relation to the lab leak
hypothesis. It argues that the concept’s use was inseparable from local political contexts, as well as mainly
metapragmatic: Chinese media’s use of the concept is contradictory under an orthodox definition, while UK/US media
explicitly characterize it as a description of certain discourses, rather than indicating the factual likelihood of a
hypothesis. The chapter argues that the implication of ‘conspiracy theory’ in metapragmatics makes it particularly
vulnerable to (counter-)manipulation strategies.
Strategic communication in the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Trevisan Ana Carolina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic underscored the crucial importance of arguments in developing citizens’ trust
and the social risks of manipulation. However, how to assess and describe the argumentative and manipulative
strategies of institutional actors? In this paper, the institutional argumentation of the governing leaders and the
Health Ministries of Brazil and Portugal are coded and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively through the use
of argumentation profiles, which are used for classifying and capturing the types of arguments, the fallacies, and the
emotive language of each speaker. The results show how the different approaches to the crisis of the two countries are
mirrored by distinct argumentative strategies indicating distinct communicative goals, namely pandemic campaigning and
joint decision-making.
Constructional changes in Brazilian Portuguese in the 20th century
Authors: Soares da Silva Augusto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes two constructional changes by deletion of linguistic elements in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in
the 20th century, namely, the null clitic se constructions (specifically, reflexive, reciprocal, middle,
anticausative, passive, and impersonal constructions) and the chopping relative construction, as two relevant manifestations
of the recent standardization of the BP variety diverging from European Portuguese (EP). Based on a usage-feature and
profile-based analysis and adopting a sociocognitive view of language, especially Cognitive Grammar, this study shows that the
deletion of the clitic se conveys a shift to a nonenergetic, absolute construal of the event, and that the
deletion of the preposition correlates with the grammaticalization of the relative pronoun que and highlights
the accessibility of the nominal antecedent. Three contributions to research on language change are stressed: changes by
deletion generate new constructions with their own meanings; synchronic constructional alternation, such as the one existing
in BP between overt and null se constructions and the one already nonexistent in BP but existing in EP
between pied-piping and chopping constructions, allows simulation of the diachronic constructional change in real time; and
successful media from the mid-20th century onward, such as TV Globo for the huge Brazilian population, play a
central role in language change and standardization.
Repertory grids
Authors: Grogan Myles 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) derives from
Personal Construct Psychology. The technique aims to understand
how participants view objects, events, or people chosen as a
kind of thematic sample by comparing them against each other,
revealing the participant’s constructs. After introducing the
“fundamental postulate” and corollaries developed by its
founder, George Kelly, the chapter explores how this technique
may be applied in the field of SLA or language education. After
discussing how this highly adaptable technique has been used,
the chapter shows how researchers can gain qualitative and
quantitative data on research questions relating to change over
time or how different members of a group perceive a phenomenon.
Although this technique presents some challenges for
generalization, the chapter concludes by showing how data may be
analyzed and used productively.
On the sign of the linear magnetoelectric coefficient in Cr2O3
*
Authors: Bousquet Eric , Lelièvre-Berna Eddy , Qureshi Navid , Soh Jian-Rui , Spaldin Nicola A , Urru Andrea , Verbeek Xanthe H , Weber Sophie F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We establish the sign of the linear magnetoelectric (ME) coefficient, α, in chromia, Cr2O3. Cr2O3 is the prototypical linear ME material, in which an electric (magnetic) field induces a linearly proportional magnetization (polarization), and a single magnetic domain can be selected by annealing in combined magnetic (H) and electric (E) fields. Opposite antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains have opposite ME responses, and which AFM domain corresponds to which sign of response has previously been unclear. We use density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the magnetic response of a single AFM domain of Cr2O3 to an applied in-plane electric field at zero kelvin. We find that the domain with nearest neighbor magnetic moments oriented away from (towards) each other has a negative (positive) in-plane ME coefficient,

α

⊥

, at zero kelvin. We show that this sign is consistent with all other DFT calculations in the literature that specified the domain orientation, independent of the choice of DFT code or functional, the method used to apply the field, and whether the direct (magnetic field) or inverse (electric field) ME response was calculated. Next, we reanalyze our previously published spherical neutron polarimetry data to determine the AFM domain produced by annealing in combined E and H fields oriented along the crystallographic symmetry axis at room temperature. We find that the AFM domain with nearest-neighbor magnetic moments oriented away from (towards) each other is produced by annealing in (anti-)parallel E and H fields, corresponding to a positive (negative) axial ME coefficient,

α

∥

, at room temperature. Since

α

⊥

at zero kelvin and

α

∥

at room temperature are known to be of opposite sign, our computational and experimental results are consistent.
Influencing factors and uncertainty analysis for Kerr electro-optic effect based electric field measurements in transformer oil under impulse voltage
Authors: Gao Chunjia , Zhao Xiaolin , Zhang Shuqi , Wang Ke , Qi Bo , Li Chengrong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The design of insulating structures for transformers under impulse voltage relies predominantly on simulation software due to the absence of experimental validation. This underscores the pressing need for comprehensive research into the spatial electric field and charge properties of oil-paper/pressboard insulation systems. In response to this imperative, a suite of specialized instruments leveraging the Kerr electro-optic effect to meticulously measure the spatial electric field within oil-pressboard structures under impulse voltage was established. As the precision of measurements hinges upon a multitude of influencing factors, this study embarks on a multifaceted examination, centering its focus on four pivotal dimensions: incident laser beam angle, electrical noise, temperature and non-ideal optical elements. A quantitative calculation method for electric field measurement errors was presented, and on the basis of which, suppression methods are proposed for the error sources having the largest impacts on the experimental results. Finally, the overall measurement uncertainty of the device is systematically evaluated.
Quasioptical modeling of the electron cyclotron emission diagnostic
Authors: Yanagihara K , Kubo S 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report the first applications of the quasioptical (QO) code PARADE (PAraxial RAy DEscription) for modeling the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic. Geometrical optics (GO) has been exploited to predict the ECE intensity received by an antenna, but is not sufficient since GO drops the information lying on the transverse cross section of the antenna sensitivity. Hence, we studied a QO model of ECE measurement based on the PARADE code. By introducing a weighting operatorWˆ,induced by the envelope profile of a wave beam virtually injected from an ECE receiving antenna, an integral equation, formally identical to the conventional GO model, is newly derived from the wave-action conservation law. A QO ECE prediction module −E3is also newly developed, is applied to the JT-60SA tokamak, and shows that radiation temperature is corrected from conventional GO prediction. The −E3module and the PARADE code are applicable to any fusion plasma devices. By using this ECE prediction package, more realistic calculations of radiation temperature are expected by taking the actual structure of an ECE receiving antenna and plasma parameters as well.
Realizing quantum speed limit in open system with a
PT
-symmetric trapped-ion qubit
Authors: Lu Pengfei , Liu Teng , Liu Yang , Rao Xinxin , Lao Qifeng , Wu Hao , Zhu Feng , Luo Le 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Quantum speed limit (QSL), the lower bound of the time for transferring an initial state to a target one, is of fundamental interest in quantum information processing. Despite that the speed limit of a unitary evolution could be well analyzed by either the Mandelstam–Tamm or the Margolus–Levitin bound, there are still many unknowns for the QSL in open systems. A particularly exciting result is about that the evolution time can be made arbitrarily small without violating the time-energy uncertainty principle, whenever the dynamics is governed by a parity-time (

P
T

) symmetric Hamiltonian. Here we study the QSLs with both

P
T

and anti-

P
T

Hamiltonians, and pose the QSL as a brachistochrone problem on a non-Hermitian Bloch sphere. We then use dissipative trapped-ion qubits to construct the Hamiltonians, where the state evolutions reach the QSL governed by a generalized Margolus-Levitin bound of the non-Hermitian system. We find that the evolution time monotonously decreases with the increase of the dissipation strength and exhibits chiral dependence on the Bloch sphere. These results enable a well-controlled knob for speeding up the state manipulation in open quantum systems, which could be used for quantum control and simulation with non-unitary dynamics.
O08 Severely pruritic juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Best Katie , Leech Suzy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A 7-year-old female with type IV skin and autism spectrum disorder presented with a 4 month history of progressive proximal myopathy, weight loss and 20 month history of a worsening, intensely pruritic rash. Cutaneous examination showed a widespread eczematous eruption, post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, heliotrope rash and firm subcutaneous changes, in addition to palmar-plantar papules, pustules and burrows. Extra-cutaneous findings included multiple fixed flexion deformities and muscle wasting. Investigations revealed a normocytic anaemia, elevated muscle enzymes, strongly positive anti-nuclear antibodies and negative myositis-specific antibodies. Whole body MRI reported proximal muscle oedema. Skin biopsy demonstrated lichenoid and perifollicular inflammation, dermal mucin and subcutaneous calcification. Clinical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), complicated by concurrent scabies.
Prednisolone in combination with methotrexate was commenced as first-line therapy in line with current consensus JDM treatment plans, in addition to topical steroids and sun protection. Muscle power started to improve after 5 months but ongoing cutaneous inflammation prompted second-line therapy with IV immunoglobulin. Oral ivermectin was required for the management of scabies due to topical permethrin failure.
JDM is a rare autoimmune small-vessel vasculopathy with significant morbidity and limited evidence-based guidelines. Unlike adult-onset disease there is no racial predilection or association with malignancy. Calcinosis is more common in children but early treatment reduces disease complications. JDM has a variable disease course with a median time to remission of 4.67 years. Residual skin changes are increasingly recognised to be an early predictor of prolonged recovery time and these patients may benefit from biologic agents.
Artificial intelligence-generated patient information leaflets: a comparison of contents according to British Association of Dermatologists standards
Authors: Verran Callum 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Patient information leaflets (PILs) can supplement a clinical consultation and provide additional information for a patient to read in their own time. A wide range of PILs are available for distribution by the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) and undergo rigorous review ahead of publication. In the UK, 7.1 million adults are estimated to have the reading age of a 9-year-old child and 43% are unable to comprehend written health information.

Objectives
To determine whether artificial intelligence (AI) can produce PILs that include a similar degree of content to current BAD PILs.

Methods
Using the AI tool ChatGPT, 10 PILs were generated, and their contents compared with those of existing BAD PILs using an author-generated list of commonly included themes. Omissions were noted and a repeat series of PILs generated using targeted request phrasing. The readability of AI-generated PILs was also analysed.

Results
AI-generated PILs were found to include similar factual content to BAD PILs but excluded information that was felt to be more pertinent to patient concerns such as curability and heritability. Targeted request phrasing saw AI generate PILs including this content. The readability of AI-generated PILs was beyond that of a large number of UK adults.

Conclusions
Where a condition-specific PIL is not readily available, an AI-generated PIL can provide relevant information of lesser quality than existing BAD PILs, which may be inaccessible to some patients. Specific caution is advised regarding AI-generated medication-specific PILs.
O04 Reintroducing pen and leaving quin-alone: examining the impact of a penicillin allergy de-labelling project on antibiotic prescribing in a hospital setting
Authors: Duffy Lisa , Mulhall Jennifer , Cunningham Deirdre , Moran Cathleen , Connelly Alan , O’Malley Mary , Davenport Ksenia , Lee-Brennan Caríosa , Gallagher David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The label of penicillin allergy is carried by between 8 and 25% of all patients (1). Alternative antibiotics may not be as efficacious, can be more expensive and lead to more adverse effects (2). Interrogation of a penicillin allergy is an important stewardship intervention considering only 1-10% of these patients are truly allergic to penicillin (1). The aim of this study was to investigate if a penicillin allergy de-labelling project altered antibiotics subsequently prescribed in a hospital setting.

Methods
A review was carried out of 75 patients identified as part of a penicillin allergy de-labelling project in Galway University Hospital over a 15 month period. Self-reported penicillin allergy by hospitalized patients was investigated and clarified by a collaboration from pharmacy, immunology and infectious diseases. Allergy labels were either reinforced, immediately de-labelled or further investigated with skin testing or oral challenge. Antibiotics prescribed prior to allergy de-labelling and following allergy clarification were noted. This information was obtained from the electronic hospital record.

Results
In total, 118 patients had penicillin allergy assessment. 75 patients had their penicillin allergy de-labelled. 44 patients were de-labelled from history, 22 were de-labelled after skin testing and oral challenge and 9 were de-labelled following an oral challenge only. 47 patients (63%) received penicillin post de-labelling. Out of these 47 patients, 27 had been previously treated with fluoroquinolones (57%), 4 had received teicoplanin surgical prophylaxis for surgical procedures (9%), 4 had received linezolid, 2 had received ceftazidime and 2 had been seemingly prescribed meropenem based on allergy.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that appropriate de-labelling of penicillin allergy has a positive impact on future antibiotic prescription in a hospital setting. It results in reduced use of fluoroquinolones as well as other restricted antibiotics with higher risk of adverse effects and is a useful antimicrobial stewardship tool.
Load carriage exercise increases calcium absorption and retention in healthy young women
Authors: Gaffney-Stomberg Erin , Nakayama Anna T , Lutz Laura J , McClung James P , O’Brien Kimberly O , Staab Jeffery S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aerobic exercise reduces circulating ionized Ca (iCa) and increases parathyroid hormone (PTH), but the cause and consequences on Ca handling are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of strenuous exercise on Ca kinetics using dual stable Ca isotopes. Twenty-one healthy women (26.4 ± 6.7 yr) completed a randomized, crossover study entailing two 6-d iterations consisting of either 60 min of treadmill walking at 65% VO2max wearing a vest weighing 30% body weight on study days 1, 3, and 5 (exercise [EX]), or a rest iteration (rest [REST]). On day 1, participants received intravenous 42Ca and oral 44Ca. Isotope ratios were determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Kinetic modeling determined fractional Ca absorption (FCA), Ca deposition (Vo+), resorption (Vo−) from bone, and balance (Vbal). Circulating PTH and iCa were measured before, during, and after each exercise/rest session. Data were analyzed by paired t-test or linear mixed models using SPSS. iCa decreased and PTH increased (P &lt; .001) during each EX session and were unchanged during REST. On day 1, urinary Ca was lower in the EX pool (25 ± 11 mg) compared to REST (38 ± 16 mg, P = .001), but did not differ over the full 24-h collection (P &gt; .05). FCA was greater during EX (26.6 ± 8.1%) compared to REST (23.9 ± 8.3%, P &lt; .05). Vbal was less negative during EX (−61.3 ± 111 mg) vs REST (−108 ± 23.5 mg, P &lt; .05), but VO+ (574 ± 241 vs 583 ± 260 mg) and VO− (−636 ± 243 vs −692 ± 252 mg) were not different (P &gt; .05). The rapid reduction in circulating iCa may be due to a change in the miscible Ca pool, resulting in increased PTH and changes in intestinal absorption and renal Ca handling that support a more positive Ca balance.