Abstract A061: Understanding health-seeking delays for post-menopausal bleeding among Haitian women
Authors: Chery Maurice J. , Morales Vanessa , Rolle Lashae , Casas Alejandra , Zapata Diana , George Sophia H.L. , Schlumbrecht Matthew P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Black women have the highest risk of Endometrial cancer (EC) among any racial group in the US. When disaggregated, Haitian women specifically have been shown to have a higher incidence of high-grade EC, present at more advanced stages, and have lower overall survival compared to US-born Blacks. There is no screening test for EC, and women are diagnosed when they develop symptoms. The most common symptom of EC is postmenopausal bleeding (PMB). Little data exist about understanding/perception of PMB and subsequent care-seeking delays in this population of at-risk women. Utilizing the Safer and Anderson model of total patient delay, our objective was to qualitatively evaluate perceptions of PMB and how these may guide care-seeking behaviors among a healthy population of at-risk postmenopausal Haitian women. Methods: Nineteen women were included. Participants were 1) Haitian Black women; 2) ≥ 50 years of age; 3) living in South Florida; and 4) without a personal or family history of breast or gynecologic cancer. Participants were recruited through a mix of purposive and snowball sampling strategies via multiple channels (community outreach, radio advertisements, social media). Women participated in focus group discussions, conducted in Creole, and guided by a semi-structured interview guide designed to capture perceptions about PMB. Sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded by a team of 5 raters. Dedoose software was used for content analyses and identification of emerging themes. Results: Three key themes that aligned primarily within the Safer and Andersen constructs of appraisal delay and illness delays were identified: 1) There was a significant lack of knowledge about the meaning of PMB. Resumption of fertility, PMB as a normal part of aging, and interpreting the symptom as reflective of a benign disease (e.g., food poisoning) were common. Cancer was not a primary concern in the setting of PMB, and there was consistent low perceived severity of the symptom. In fact, there was a conveyed sense of invulnerability to cancer purely due to the nature of being Haitian. 2) Women would preferentially use cultural-specific coping strategies in lieu of seeking immediate medical care. Such strategies included use of home remedies such as teas, and prayer/reliance on God. 3) Appraisal of PMB and discussion of severity involves consultation with spiritual leaders and others in the community for guidance. There was a perception that community members may dissuade the pursuit of traditional medical care. The use of the Internet as a facilitator for care was not considered primary. Conclusion: This study underscores the complexity of factors impacting potential help-seeking delays among Haitian women experiencing PMB. Our findings highlight the need for culturally-tailored, comprehensive educational interventions to increase awareness of the meaning of PMB and its health relevance to improve earlier care-seeking and timely diagnosis of EC.
Citation Format: Maurice J. Chery, Vanessa Morales, Lashae Rolle, Alejandra Casas, Diana Zapata, Sophia H.L. George, Matthew P. Schlumbrecht. Understanding health-seeking delays for post-menopausal bleeding among Haitian women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A061.