bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A computational approach for mapping electrochemical activity of multi-principal element alloys
Authors: Yuwono Jodie A. , Li Xinyu , Doležal Tyler D. , Samin Adib J. , Shi Javen Qinfeng , Li Zhipeng , Birbilis Nick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMulti principal element alloys (MPEAs) comprise an atypical class of metal alloys. MPEAs have been demonstrated to possess several exceptional properties, including, as most relevant to the present study a high corrosion resistance. In the context of MPEA design, the vast number of potential alloying elements and the staggering number of elemental combinations favours a computational alloy design approach. In order to computationally assess the prospective corrosion performance of MPEA, an approach was developed in this study. A density functional theory (DFT) – based Monte Carlo method was used for the development of MPEA ‘structure’; with the AlCrTiV alloy used as a model. High-throughput DFT calculations were performed to create training datasets for surface activity/selectivity towards different adsorbate species: O2-, Cl- and H+. Machine-learning (ML) with combined representation was then utilised to predict the adsorption and vacancy energies as descriptors for surface activity/selectivity. The capability of the combined computational methods of MC, DFT and ML, as a virtual electrochemical performance simulator for MPEAs was established and may be useful in exploring other MPEAs.
Resolving Fock states near the Kerr-free point of a superconducting resonator
Authors: Lu Yong , Kudra Marina , Hillmann Timo , Yang Jiaying , Li Hang-Xi , Quijandría Fernando , Delsing Per 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe have designed a tunable nonlinear resonator terminated by a SNAIL (Superconducting Nonlinear Asymmetric Inductive eLement). Such a device possesses a Kerr-free point in which the external magnetic flux allows to suppress the Kerr interaction. We have excited photons near this Kerr-free point and characterized the device using a transmon qubit. The excitation spectrum of the qubit allows to observe photon-number-dependent frequency shifts about nine times larger than the qubit linewidth. Our study demonstrates a compact integrated platform for continuous-variable quantum processing that combines large couplings, considerable relaxation times and excellent control over the photon mode structure in the microwave domain.
Fronto-striato-thalamic circuit connectivity and neuromelanin in schizophrenia: an fMRI and neuromelanin-MRI study
Authors: Choi Sunah , Kim Minah , Kim Taekwan , Choi Eun-Jung , Lee Jungha , Moon Sun-Young , Cho Sang Soo , Lee Jongho , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChanges in dopamine and fronto-striato-thalamic (FST) circuit functional connectivity are prominent in schizophrenia. Dopamine is thought to underlie connectivity changes, but experimental evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Previous studies examined the association in some of the connections using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI (fMRI); however, PET has disadvantages in scanning patients, such as invasiveness. Excessive dopamine induces neuromelanin (NM) accumulation, and NM-MRI is suggested as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function. We aimed to investigate the association between NM and FST circuit connectivity at the network level in patients with schizophrenia. We analysed substantia nigra NM-MRI and resting-state fMRI data from 29 schizophrenia patients and 63 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We identified the FST subnetwork with abnormal connectivity found in schizophrenia patients compared to that of HCs and investigated the relationship between constituting connectivity and NM-MRI signal. We found a higher NM signal (t = −2.12, p = 0.037) and a hypoconnected FST subnetwork (FWER-corrected p = 0.014) in schizophrenia patients than in HCs. In the hypoconnected subnetwork of schizophrenia patients, lower left supplementary motor area-left caudate connectivity was associated with a higher NM signal (β = −0.38, p = 0.042). We demonstrated the association between NM and FST circuit connectivity. Considering that the NM-MRI signal reflects dopamine function, our results suggest that dopamine underlies changes in FST circuit connectivity, which supports the dopamine hypothesis. In addition, this study reveals implications for the future use of NM-MRI in investigations of the dopamine system.
Immunogenic arenavirus vector SIV vaccine reduces setpoint viral load in SIV-challenged rhesus monkeys
Authors: Boopathy Archana V. , Sharma Bhawna , Nekkalapudi Anurag , Wimmer Raphaela , Gamez-Guerrero Maria , Suthram Silpa , Truong Hoa , Lee Johnny , Li Jiani , Martin Ross , Blair Wade , Geleziunas Romas , Orlinger Klaus , Ahmadi-Erber Sarah , Lauterbach Henning , Makadzange Tariro , Falkard Brie , Schmidt Sarah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHIV affects more than 38 million people worldwide. Although HIV can be effectively treated by lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy, only a handful of patients have been cured. Therapeutic vaccines that induce robust de novo immune responses targeting HIV proteins and latent reservoirs will likely be integral for functional HIV cure. Our study shows that immunization of naïve rhesus macaques with arenavirus-derived vaccine vectors encoding simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVSME543 Gag, Env, and Pol) immunogens is safe, immunogenic, and efficacious. Immunization induced robust SIV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses with expanded cellular breadth, polyfunctionality, and Env-binding antibodies with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Vaccinated animals had significant reductions in median SIV viral load (1.45-log10 copies/mL) after SIVMAC251 challenge compared with placebo. Peak viral control correlated with the breadth of Gag-specific T cells and tier 1 neutralizing antibodies. These results support clinical investigation of arenavirus-based vectors as a central component of therapeutic vaccination for HIV cure.
tRNA-derived small RNA dataset in multiple organs of intrauterine growth-restricted pig
Authors: Jianfeng Ma , Mailin Gan , Yiting Yang , Lei Chen , Ye Zhao , Lili Niu , Yan Wang , Shunhua Zhang , Jingyong Wang , Li Zhu , Linyuan Shen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs neonatal weight and causes multiple organ dysplasia. IUGR not only threatens human health but is also a significant constraint to the development of animal husbandry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IUGR remains to be further elucidated. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNAs) is a regulative non-coding RNA, which has recently been reported to correlate with the onset and progression of several diseases. In this study, we investigated the tsRNAs expression profiles of IUGR pigs. A tsRNAs dataset for multiple organs in normal and IUGR pigs was generated, including muscle, liver, spleen and intestine. We further analyzed the characteristics of tsRNAs in different organs of pigs, and KEGG pathway analysis was performed to investigate possible pathways involved. This dataset will provide valuable information for further exploring the molecular mechanism of IUGR formation.
Breakdown of category-specific word representations in a brain-constrained neurocomputational model of semantic dementia
Authors: Shtyrov Yury , Efremov Aleksei , Kuptsova Anastasia , Wennekers Thomas , Gutkin Boris , Garagnani Max 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe neurobiological nature of semantic knowledge, i.e., the encoding and storage of conceptual information in the human brain, remains a poorly understood and hotly debated subject. Clinical data on semantic deficits and neuroimaging evidence from healthy individuals have suggested multiple cortical regions to be involved in the processing of meaning. These include semantic hubs (most notably, anterior temporal lobe, ATL) that take part in semantic processing in general as well as sensorimotor areas that process specific aspects/categories according to their modality. Biologically inspired neurocomputational models can help elucidate the exact roles of these regions in the functioning of the semantic system and, importantly, in its breakdown in neurological deficits. We used a neuroanatomically constrained computational model of frontotemporal cortices implicated in word acquisition and processing, and adapted it to simulate and explain the effects of semantic dementia (SD) on word processing abilities. SD is a devastating, yet insufficiently understood progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterised by semantic knowledge deterioration that is hypothesised to be specifically related to neural damage in the ATL. The behaviour of our brain-based model is in full accordance with clinical data—namely, word comprehension performance decreases as SD lesions in ATL progress, whereas word repetition abilities remain less affected. Furthermore, our model makes predictions about lesion- and category-specific effects of SD: our simulation results indicate that word processing should be more impaired for object- than for action-related words, and that degradation of white matter should produce more severe consequences than the same proportion of grey matter decay. In sum, the present results provide a neuromechanistic explanatory account of cortical-level language impairments observed during the onset and progress of semantic dementia.
A quantitative textual analysis of the subjective effects of ayahuasca in naïve users with and without depression
Authors: Cruz Lucas , Bienemann Bheatrix , Palhano-Fontes Fernanda , Tófoli Luís Fernando , Araújo Dráulio B. , Mograbi Daniel C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAyahuasca is a brew with psychoactive properties that has been used as an entheogen for centuries, with more recent studies suggesting it is a promising treatment for some clinical disorders. Although there is an emerging scientific literature on its effects, to the best of our knowledge no study has explored the self-reported experiences of first-time ayahuasca users with quantitative textual analysis tools. Accordingly, the current study aimed to analyze the subjective experience of naive individuals with depression and healthy controls after consuming ayahuasca. For this purpose, responses from a subsample of participants from a previous clinical trial to open-ended questions regarding their experience with ayahuasca underwent textual analysis. Data from nine patients with treatment-resistant depression and 20 healthy individuals were included, and quantitative textual analysis was performed using IRaMuTeQ 0.7 alpha 2 and R 3.1.2. The analysis identified five clusters: alterations in the state of consciousness, cognitive changes, somatic alterations, auditory experiences, and visual perceptual content. Additionally, findings suggest specific features of the experience of people with depression with ayahuasca, such as increased aversive bodily reactions. The results are consistent with previous findings indicating central axes of the psychedelic experience, and may inform therapeutic approaches using ayahuasca.
Evaluating the association between caesarean delivery and weight status in early childhood in a Japanese birth cohort study
Authors: Miyayama Chiharu , Morisaki Naho , Ogawa Kohei , Tanaka Hisako , Shoji Hiromichi , Shimizu Toshiaki , Sago Haruhiko , Horikawa Reiko , Urayama Kevin Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo examine whether the prevailing hypothesis of an association between caesarean section (CS) delivery method and increased weight status in early childhood is observed in Japanese. A total of 1277 mother-infant pairs from a prospective hospital-based mother-infant birth cohort that recruited women in their first trimester from May 2010 to November 2013 were included. We assessed the relationship between delivery method and weight status of delivered children at 1, 3 and 6 years of age. In total, 366 children (28.7%) were delivered by CS. Delivery by CS was not associated with body mass index (BMI) z-score (≥ 75 percentile) at age 1 year, (odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–1.36), 3 years (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.67–1.42), and 6 years (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.45–1.12), and also showed no association with low weight status (< 25th percentile). Supplemental evaluations addressing the influence of preterm births, pre-pregnancy BMI, emergency CS, and modification by breastfeeding were consistent with the primary analyses. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that children born by CS are at risk of being overweight in childhood among the Japanese population.
Influence of forest vegetation restoration on carbon increment after mining
Authors: Zou Hang , Song Yali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe have clarified the study area has a history of 65 years and has been restored for 6 years. This study investigated the carbon storage characteristics of undisturbed natural forests and restored mining vegetation in Yunnan Province, China. The goal was to quantify carbon reserves and increments to inform ecological restoration strategies. Four vegetation components (tree, shrub, herb, litter) and five soil layers (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–60 cm) were analyzed. In natural forest, the tree layer stored 60% of carbon (273 Mg ha−1), overwhelmingly dominating vegetation carbon stocks. Shrub, herb, and litter layers each comprised < 1%. Surface soil layers (0–30 cm) stored 64% of soil carbon. In the restored mining area, the tree layer contributed 75% of vegetation carbon increment (16 Mg ha−1), though stocks were lower than natural forest. Soil layers showed the highest carbon increment (69%) despite lower biomass than natural conditions. Unexploited forests thus exhibit robust carbon storage, while restored mining areas have weaker carbon gains, indicating recovery potential. Strategic interventions targeting soil quality, stimulating vegetation growth, and increasing carbon sequestration could significantly augment reserves and ecological functionality. Prioritizing vegetation succession and soil revitalization are paramount to ensuring ecological integrity and sustainable development. Fostering a positive regional ecological feedback loop will be pivotal. This research quantifies carbon storage differences between undisturbed and restored mining areas, highlighting soil and vegetation as critical targets for optimizing carbon sequestration and ecosystem recovery in degraded environments.
Muscle wobbling mass dynamics: eigenfrequency dependencies on activity, impact strength, and ground material
Authors: Christensen Kasper B. , Günther Michael , Schmitt Syn , Siebert Tobias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn legged locomotion, muscles undergo damped oscillations in response to the leg contacting the ground (an impact). How muscle oscillates varies depending on the impact situation. We used a custom-made frame in which we clamped an isolated rat muscle (M. gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis: GAS) and dropped it from three different heights and onto two different ground materials. In fully activated GAS, the dominant eigenfrequencies were 163 Hz, 265 Hz, and 399 Hz, which were signficantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the dominant eigenfrequencies in passive GAS: 139 Hz, 215 Hz, and 286 Hz. In general, neither changing the falling height nor ground material led to any significant eigenfrequency changes in active nor passive GAS, respectively. To trace the eigenfrequency values back to GAS stiffness values, we developed a 3DoF model. The model-predicted GAS muscle eigenfrequencies matched well with the experimental values and deviated by − 3.8%, 9.0%, and 4.3% from the passive GAS eigenfrequencies and by − 1.8%, 13.3%, and − 1.5% from the active GAS eigenfrequencies. Differences between the frequencies found for active and passive muscle impact situations are dominantly due to the attachment of myosin heads to actin.
Prevalence and prognostic value of neurological affections in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 based on objective assessments
Authors: Balloff Carolin , Bandlow Carolina , Bernhard Michael , Brandenburger Timo , Bludau Patricia , Elben Saskia , Feldt Torsten , Hartmann Christian J. , Heinen Elisa , Ingwersen Jens , Jansen Corinna , Jensen Björn-Erik O. , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Luedde Tom , Penner Iris-Katharina , Slink Isabel , Stramm Kim , Telke Ann-Kathrin , Timm Jörg , Vetterkind Lana , Vollmer Christian , Wolff Georg , Schnitzler Alfons , Meuth Sven G. , Groiss Stefan J. , Albrecht Philipp 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently described. In this prospective study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients without a history of neurological conditions, we aimed to analyze their prevalence and prognostic value based on established, standardized and objective methods. Patients were investigated using a multimodal electrophysiological approach, accompanied by neuropsychological and neurological examinations. Prevalence rates of central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous system affections were calculated and the relationship between neurological affections and mortality was analyzed using Firth logistic regression models. 184 patients without a history of neurological diseases could be enrolled. High rates of PNS affections were observed (66% of 138 patients receiving electrophysiological PNS examination). CNS affections were less common but still highly prevalent (33% of 139 examined patients). 63% of patients who underwent neuropsychological testing (n = 155) presented cognitive impairment. Logistic regression models revealed pathology in somatosensory evoked potentials as an independent risk factor of mortality (Odds Ratio: 6.10 [1.01–65.13], p = 0.049). We conclude that hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 display high rates of PNS and CNS affection, which can be objectively assessed by electrophysiological examination. Electrophysiological assessment may have a prognostic value and could thus be helpful to identify patients at risk for deterioration.
Graph-based multi-modality integration for prediction of cancer subtype and severity
Authors: Duroux Diane , Wohlfart Christian , Van Steen Kristel , Vladimirova Antoaneta , King Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPersonalised cancer screening before therapy paves the way toward improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Most approaches are limited to a single data type and do not consider interactions between features, leaving aside the complementary insights that multimodality and systems biology can provide. In this project, we demonstrate the use of graph theory for data integration via individual networks where nodes and edges are individual-specific. We showcase the consequences of early, intermediate, and late graph-based fusion of RNA-Seq data and histopathology whole-slide images for predicting cancer subtypes and severity. The methodology developed is as follows: (1) we create individual networks; (2) we compute the similarity between individuals from these graphs; (3) we train our model on the similarity matrices; (4) we evaluate the performance using the macro F1 score. Pros and cons of elements of the pipeline are evaluated on publicly available real-life datasets. We find that graph-based methods can increase performance over methods that do not study interactions. Additionally, merging multiple data sources often improves classification compared to models based on single data, especially through intermediate fusion. The proposed workflow can easily be adapted to other disease contexts to accelerate and enhance personalized healthcare.
Influence of loss- and restoration-oriented stressors on grief in times of COVID-19
Authors: Palm Svenja , Doering Bettina K. , Kubiak Thomas , Geschke Katharina , Fellgiebel Andreas , Wuttke Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the influence of COVID-specific stressors on cross-sectional and longitudinal bereavement outcomes. According to the Dual Process Model of grief these stress-inducing factors can relate to the loss (loss-oriented stressors) or to manage everyday life (restoration-oriented stressors) and require coping in the grief process. A total of 491 participants (94.1% female; 43.92 years on average; 44.4% loss of a parent) were included at the first measurement time point (T0), of whom 99 individuals also participated in a follow-up assessment 6 months later (T1). Participants frequently reported loss-oriented (on average 7.30 out of 21 queried) and restoration-oriented stressors (on average 6.99 out of 19 queried). Cross-sectionally, higher acute grief intensity was associated with a higher number of loss-oriented stressors, poorer mental well-being, and sociodemographic variables. This effect disappeared longitudinally, with only acute grief intensity and poorer mental well-being at T0 predicting higher prolonged grief at T1. Common resilience factors did not buffer the effects of the pandemic on grief. Loss-oriented stressors seem to be especially relevant for understanding grief and might be a mediator of higher long-term grief. The findings suggest that COVID-specific strains need to be specifically taken into account in the support of bereaved individuals.
Analysis of the impact of the combined use of rebar bolts and FRP bolts in the roadway enclosure
Authors: Lyu Jinguo , Qi Linfan , Wang Xuebin , Peng Yisheng , Han Wenhe , Li Shixu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to investigate the support effect of the combination of FRP bolts and rebar bolts in the roadway, taking a coal mine as the background of the project, research and analysis of the engineering geological conditions of the mine and the layout of the mining roadway, stress analysis of the roadway peripheral rock, and put forward the combination of rebar and FRP bolts in the roadway peripheral rock support program. Based on different scenarios, FLAC3D was applied to simulate and analyze the distribution of axial force, maximum principal stress of the surrounding rock, yield damage of the surrounding rock, and displacement of the surrounding rock under three conditions: no support, full rebar bolt support, and combined rebar and FRP bolt support. The results show that (1) In the pre-action period between the bolt and the surrounding rock of the roadway, the FRP bolt carries the force first; in the late action period, the rebar bolt and the FRP bolt carry the force together. (2) From the analysis of the stress concentration degree of the maximum principal stress of the roadway surrounding rock, the horizontal displacement of the roadway surrounding rock and the distribution characteristics of the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding rock, it can be concluded that the support strength of FRP bolts is slightly lower than that of rebar bolts. (3) Under the state of combined support of FRP and rebar bolts, the range of plastic zone of surrounding rock in the roadway is analyzed in comparison with the effect of full rebar bolt support, and the range of reduction of plastic zone of surrounding rock is not obvious, and the effect of full rebar bolt support and combined support of FRP and rebar bolts on controlling the damage of surrounding rock is similar. (4) The side part of the roadway perimeter rock mining adopts FRP bolts instead of rebar bolts, and if the FRP bolts are not damaged, the combination of FRP and rebar bolts can be used for support, which can maintain the stability of the roadway perimeter rock.