bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasmosis and other causes of abortions in sheep from north central United States
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Kirkbride C. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Between 1983 and 1989, we examined 1,201 aborted fetuses and dead lambs from the north central United States. Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 17.5%, campylobacteriosis in 9.9%, chlamydiosis in 4.7%, and miscellaneous infections in 15.1%. Inflammatory lesions suggestive of infectious causes were seen in 13%. Noninfectious causes were identified in 6.1%, and a diagnosis was not reached in 33.3%. An agglutination test was used to detect Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in ovine fluids. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected in 223 of 1,064 (20.9%) fluids from fetuses and dead lambs. Of 201 seropositive (≥ 16) fetuses and lambs, T gondii antibody titers (reciprocal) were 16 (21 fetuses and lambs), 32 (10 fetuses and lambs), 64 (2 fetuses and lambs), 128 (7 fetuses and lambs), 256 (9 fetuses and lambs), 512 (5 fetuses and lambs), 1,024 (15 fetuses and lambs), 2,048 (13 fetuses and lambs), 4,096 (13 fetuses and lambs), 8,196 (13 fetuses and lambs), 16,392 (19 fetuses and lambs), and ≥ 32,784 (74 fetuses and lambs).
Brucella ovis excretion in semen of seronegative, clinically normal breeding rams
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A commercial flock of Suffolk and Suffolk-cross breeding rams was monitored for 5 years in an effort to control epididymitis caused by Brucella ovis. Scrotal palpation, semen evaluations, and vaccination against B ovis were used the first 3 years. Serologic evaluation (complement fixation and elisa) was added the fourth year, and bacteriologic culturing was added to the program the fifth year.
Semen culturing in the fifth year revealed 9 (37.5%) of 24 rams were actively excreting B ovis; 6 of those 9 rams were seronegative. Neither semen quality nor the presence of wbc in the semen were dependable criteria to detect these seronegative carriers. In spite of the high percentage of B ovis excretors, few clinical signs of epididymitis were detected in the flock during the last 3 years of the study. It was hypothesized that vaccination protected rams against the clinical disease but not the carrier state. The importance of culturing semen for assessment of a control program was emphasized.
Gastric rupture in horses: 50 cases (1979-1987)
Authors: Kiper Mary Lou , Traub-Dargatz Josie , Curtis Charles R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A computer-based search was conducted of medical and necropsy records of horses admitted to the teaching hospital from Jan 1, 1979, to Dec 31, 1987, to obtain the records of all horses admitted to the hospital for colic and subsequently found to have gastric rupture. Fifty cases of gastric rupture were found. The records were reviewed to obtain data regarding peritoneal fluid analysis. Cell counts of these samples were often erroneous because debris and clumps of bacteria were counted when most WBC were lysed.
A cross-sectional study of gastric rupture cases versus all other colic cases regarding season of admission revealed that there was no association between season and the occurrence of gastric rupture. There was also no increased risk associated with age, gender, breed, and the occurrence of gastric rupture.
One hundred colic cases, matched with the gastric rupture cases by year of admission, were randomly selected via a table of random numbers. A questionnaire regarding age, breed, gender, use of the horse, housing, diet, water source, deworming schedule, and medical history was completed from the medical records and phone conversations with the horse owners. The results indicated that horses on a diet of grass hay or grass/alfalfa hay only or those that drank water from a bucket, stream, or pond were at increased risk for having gastric rupture. In contrast, horses fed grain had a reduced risk.
Long-term jugular vein catheterization in horses
Authors: Spurlock Shauna L. , Spurlock Gareth H. , Parker George , Ward Michael V. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The use of soft catheter materials in large-bore veins has allowed safe long-term venous access in human patients. Similar principles were applied to groups of horses; the jugular vein was catheterized for 14 days (group 1) and for 30 days (group 2). Three catheter materials were compared, and the clinical and histologic findings indicated that the least reaction was associated with silastic, followed by polyurethane; polytetraflouroethylene caused marked reaction. Our results suggest that by using catheters made of materials (especially silastic) that are less stiff or rigid, the duration of catheterization can be increased to 14 days or longer with minimal complications.
Evaluation of upper respiratory tract function during strenuous exercise in racehorses
Authors: Morris Elisabeth A. , Seeherman Howard J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Forty-six racehorses with a history of poor performance underwent endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal and pharyngeal function while exercising on a high-speed treadmill. This evaluation allowed the definitive diagnosis of intermittent or continual upper respiratory tract obstruction as a cause of poor performance, as well as the documentation of the dynamic functional anatomy of the obstruction. Ten of the horses (22%) were determined to have afunctional abnormality of the upper respiratory tract. These abnormalities included epiglottic entrapment (1 horse), persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate during exercise (4 horses), and left laryngeal hemiplegia (5 horses). Thirty-two horses were observed to have signs of left laryngeal hemiparesis (asynchronous arytenoid movement) at rest that did not impair full laryngeal abduction during strenuous exercise.
Clinical and immunologic response of cattle to administration of a vaccine containing modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Ellis J.A. , Davis W.C. , Talens L. , Pratt D.L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Healthy yearling beef and dairy cattle were inoculated with a vaccine containing modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (ml-brsv), and sequential changes in clinical signs of disease, blood leukocyte subsets, brsv-specific antibody titer, and in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses were monitored. Vaccination with ml-brsv did not cause pyrexia, local or systemic hypersensitivity reaction, or respiratory tract disease. Episodes of leukopenia, abnormalities in lymphocyte subsets, or depression of phytomitogen-induced blastogenic responses were not observed subsequent to vaccination. Exposure to ml-brsv resulted in at least a 16-fold increase in serum neutralizing antibody titer, with no increase seen in nonvaccinated contact controls. Significant brsv-specific lymphocyte blastogenic responses were not detected, using one dose of several brsv antigen preparations in a whole blood culturing system.
Antimicrobial therapy for rams with Brucella ovis infection of the urogenital tract
Authors: Dargatz D.A. , Smith J.A. , Knight A.P. , Farin P.W. , Kimberling C.V. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Rams shedding Brucella ovis in semen but without palpable abnormalities of the epididymides were treated with long-acting oxytetracycline for 15 days and dihydrostreptomycin for 7 days (n = 9) or conventional oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin (n = 9) for 7 days. Nine rams were not treated. More treated rams were considered to have satisfactory breeding soundness examination results at posttreatment weeks 3, 7, 12, and 19. Nontreated rams continued to shed B ovis in semen. After treatment, B ovis was not recovered from 78% of rams given long-acting oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin or from 89% of rams given conventional oxytetracyclne and dihydrostreptomycin. At week 21, all rams were euthanatized, and specimens of the testes and epididymides were bacteriologically cultured for B ovis. Brucella ovis was not recovered from the testes of rams or from the epididymides from rams not shedding the organism in the semen. In one treated ram, B ovis was recovered from the semen but not from other tissues. All rams remained elisa-positive, with the exception of 2 treated rams that ceased shedding B ovis in semen immediately after treatment was started; both these rams became elisa-negative on the last examination at week 19.
Randomized blind trial of a commercial FeLV vaccine
Authors: Pollock Roy V. H. , Scarlett Janet M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A randomized blind trial of a commercial FeLV vaccine was conducted to evaluate its performance in cats under conditions of long-term natural exposure. Seventy-nine nonviremic, seronegative cats were randomized into 2 groups. Cats were given 3 doses of either FeLV vaccine or placebo (killed rabies virus vaccine) sc at weeks 0, 3, and 9 of the trial. Six weeks later, 44 known-viremic cats were added to the colony. Cats were housed in a single large room and food dishes and litter pans were used in common. Blood samples were collected at 4, 8, and 12 months after the addition of the viremic cats and were assayed for viremia by use of elisa. Twelve-month samples were also assayed independently by use of indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Investigators conducted assays on coded samples without knowledge of the cat's vaccination status; neither the investigators nor colony personnel knew which cats had been given the FeLV vaccine and which had been given the placebo until the twelfth month of exposure. After 12 months of cohabitation with infected cats, vaccinated cats had a significantly (P ≤ 0.02) lower incidence of persistent viremia (defined as 2 positive elisa test results at least 8 weeks apart or 1 positive indirect fluorescent antibody test result), compared with the placebo-inoculated cats. The incidence of persistent viremia was approximately 3 times greater among the placebo-inoculated cats than among vaccinates.
Bone scintigraphy in the initial evaluation of dogs with primary bone tumors
Authors: Berg John , Lamb Christopher R. , O'Callaghan Michael W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Bone scintigraphy was performed as part of an initial diagnostic evaluation of 70 dogs admitted with primary bone tumors during a 2-year period. Tumors involved major long bones of the appendicular skeleton and included 62 osteosarcomas, 6 fibrosarcomas, and 2 chondrosarcomas. All dogs were free of radiographically detectable pulmonary metastases.
Bone scintigraphy was not of value in distinguishing among various types of primary tumors. One dog with an ulnar chondrosarcoma had a scintigraphically detectable occult osseous metastasis or synchronous primary tumor, and 1 dog with osteosarcoma had a scintigraphically detectable lymph node metastasis. Pulmonary metastases were not detected scintigraphically. Of the 70 dogs, 44.3% had areas of increased isotope uptake associated with nonneoplastic disease processes.
Cat aggression redirected to people: 14 cases (1981-1987)
Authors: Chapman Barbara L. , Voith Victoria L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Among 27 cases of cat aggression manifested toward people, 14 cases were diagnosed as redirected or probable redirected aggression, because the cat was already highly aroused by other stimuli before attacking a person. A detailed behavioral history enabled identification of arousing stimuli. The most common arousing stimulus was the presence of another cat. Other arousing stimuli included high-pitched noises, visitors in the house, a dog, an unusual odor, and being outdoors unexpectedly. Medical problems or other behavioral abnormalities were not detected in any of the cats that could explain their aggressive behavior. Management consisted of avoidance or elimination of arousing stimuli wherever possible and extensive client education. On follow-up there was no recurrence of redirected attacks in 4 cats, variable decreases in the severity and frequency of attacks in 5 cats, and no change in 1 cat. Three cats were euthanatized, including one that had shown some improvement. Follow-up information was not available for the 2 remaining cases. Redirected aggression in cats is not well documented and may be misdiagnosed as idiopathic aggression or other behavioral abnormality. Although redirected attacks may be sudden, severe, and frightening, with careful management, a favorable outcome is possible.
Contracture test and histologic and histochemical analyses of muscle biopsy specimens from horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Hildebrand S.V. , Arpin D. , Cardinet G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Biopsy specimens of the cutaneous omobrachialis muscle were obtained from 10 horses with a problem of myositis from mild exercise. One horse had been evaluated previously and malignant hyperthermia-like contractures developed in its muscle biopsy specimen during the contracture test. In this study, the halothane-caffeine contracture test and histologic and histochemical evaluations were performed on muscle biopsy specimens. In the contracture test, no muscle biopsy specimen developed contracture in the presence of 2 or 4% halothane alone. The mean (± sem) caffeine-specific concentration in the presence of halothane was 5.23 ± 0.5 mM for 2% halothane, and 4.46 ± 0.6 mM for 4% halothane. The caffeine-specific concentration values were not significantly different. Contracture response for any muscle specimen did not resemble contracture associated with malignant hyperthermia.
The cutaneous omobrachialis muscle was composed of type-II fibers, with type-I fibers seldom seen. For 9 of the 10 horses, overall fiber morphology was normal; 1 horse had necrotic fibers. Of the 10 muscle specimens, 9 had fibers that had positive reaction for alkaline phosphatase activity; 3 muscle specimens contained ringed myofibers.
Three horses of this study were administered general anesthesia; 2 were research horses, anesthetized with halothane and succinylcholine, and 1 was a clinical case given halothane anesthesia plus a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. One research horse developed a malignant hyperthermia-like reaction to anesthesia, with severe rhabdomyolysis evident after anesthesia, and an episode of muscle cramping in its stall 2 days after anesthesia. The other 2 horses had unremarkable postanesthetic periods.
Herd benefit-to-cost ratio and effects of a bovine mastitis control program that includes blitz treatment of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Erskine R. J. , Eberhart R. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Twelve dairy herds that had participated in the Pennsylvania Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) program for at least 12 months, that had a 12-month mean DHIA somatic cell count > 700,000 cells/ml, and that had > 25% of lactating cows infected with Streptococcus agalactiae participated in a herd blitz treatment program. Initially, quarter milk samples for bacteriologic culturing were collected from all lactating cows. Subsequently, all cows identified as infected with Str agalactiae were treated, using a commercial penicillin-novobiocin intramammary infusion product. In addition, a herd mastitis management program of postmilking teat dipping and treatment of all cows at the start of the nonlactating period was instituted. Thirty days after the initial herd visit, samples from all lactating cows were again cultured, and cows infected at that time were treated. Twelve months after the initial herd visit, samples from all lactating cows were again cultured.
Mean prevalence of infection with Str agalactiae decreased (P < 0.05) from 23.0% of quarters and 41.6% of cows initially to 3.4% of quarters and 9.3% of cows at 30 days and 1.6% of quarters and 4.2% of cows at 1 year. Mean herd DHIA somatic cell count decreased (P < 0.05) from 918,000 cells/ml initially to 439,000 cells/ml at 30 days and 268,000 cells/ml at 1 year. The mean net increase in 365-day DHIA rolling herd production for the first year after treatment was 512 kg of milk and 14 kg of butterfat.
Benefit-to-cost ratios were estimated for 3 methods of identifying cows for treatment in a blitz treatment program. Analysis revealed similar economic gains for culturing of all lactating cows followed by treatment of those infected with Str agalactiae (benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.28:1), and for treatment of all lactating cows with a DHIA linear somatic cell count score ≥ 4, regardless of infection status (benefit-to-cost ratio of 2.18:1).
Treatment of all lactating cows, regardless of somatic cell count or infection status, was least cost-effective (benefit-to-cost ratio, 1.26:1). It is suggested that blitz treatment, used with postmilking teat dipping and treatment of all cows at the start of the nonlactating period, is an economically justifiable program for herds with high prevalence of Str agalactiae mastitis, and owing to labor considerations, the use of DHIA linear somatic cell counts may be the best method to identify cows for treatment.
Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to estimate prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle of Florida
Authors: Braun R. Kenneth , Buergelt Claus D. , Littell Ramon C. , Linda Stephen B. , Simpson James R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A survey was conducted from 1986 through 1987, for which an ELISA was used to obtain information on the prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in cattle of Florida. Results revealed prevalence of 8.6% in beef cattle and 17.1% in dairy cattle. In beef and dairy cattle, prevalence increased with increasing herd size. It was concluded that ELISA-detectable circulating antibodies to M paratuberculosis are widespread in cattle of Florida.
Serologic survey for Borrelia burgdorferi antibody in horses referred to a mid-Atlantic veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Bernard William V. , Cohen Daniel , Bosler Ed , Zamos David 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Blood samples obtained from 13 of 100 (13%) and 6 of 91 (7%) horses at the George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals in the months of June and October, respectively, had antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi as determined by ELISA. Horses from the states of New York, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania were seropositive for B burgdorferi. The frequency of antibody response in horses from New Jersey was greater (P < 0.05) than the frequency of antibody response in horses from Pennsylvania or that of horses from the other states combined. Statistically significant difference was not found when a comparison was made between horses with serotiter and open diagnosis of neurologic or musculoskeletal disease and horses with negative serotest results and open diagnosis of neurologic or musculoskeletal disease.
Comparison of two sample collection methods for quantitative bacteriologic culture of canine prostatic fluid
Authors: Ling Gerald V. , Nyland Thomas G. , Kennedy Peter C. , Hager David A. , Johnson Deedra L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ejaculate, urine, urethral swab specimens, and ultrasonography-guided small-needle prostatic cyst aspiration and/or tissue core biopsy specimens were collected for bacteriologic culture from 25 dogs in which prostatic disease was suspected on the basis of history, clinical signs of disease, or results of physical examination. The prostate gland in each dog was examined ultrasonographically, and the tissue core biopsy specimens were examined histologically and bacteriologically.
Two methods were used to assess bacterial prostatitis. In 5 dogs (20%), bacteriologic culture results of paired urethral swab and ejaculate specimens differed from culture results of specimens obtained by needle aspiration of prostatic cyst fluid or tissue core biopsy.
The prostate gland in 17 dogs had 1 or more cystic, fluid-filled structures (0.5 to 4.0 cm in diameter). Ultrasonographic appearance of the prostate gland did not have obvious correlation with culture results from dogs of the study. Histologic results of prostatic tissue core biopsy specimens correlated well with culture results.
Single-phase methylene diphosphate bone scintigraphy in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with osteosarcoma
Authors: Hahn Kevin A. , Hurd Cheryl , Cantwell H. Dan 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In this study, 25 dogs each with a histopathologically diagnosed appendicular or axial osteosarcoma were prospectively and consecutively examined by methylene diphosphate nuclear scintigraphy. Scannings that revealed scintigraphically enhanced focal increased activity via bone uptake of the 99mTc methylene diphosphate radionuclide at sites other than the primary tumor site were compared with scintigrams obtained from dogs without osteosarcoma. Secondary scintigraphic sites were evaluated by survey radiography and, if possible, by histologic examination (biopsy or necrospy specimens).
On the basis of our findings, scintigraphy seems to be more efficient than physical examination and radiographic bone survey for the diagnosis of multicentric, metachronous, or metastatic canine osteosarcoma.
Drug therapy in cats: A systems approach
Authors: Boothe Dawn Merton 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In the second part of this 4-part series, drug therapy in cats is discussed by use of a systems approach. Specifically, drugs that can be used safely for treatment of disorders affecting the feline gastrointestinal, central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, and urogenital systems are described. Many drugs that are used in dogs can be safely used in cats according to the same or similar dosing regimens. Several drugs that have traditionally been considered inappropriate (eg, morphine derivatives, primidone) can probably also be used, if cautiously, in cats. In contrast, use of several drugs that are safely used in other species should be avoided in cats (eg, selected emetics and antiemetics, phosphate salt enemas, and selected urinary antiseptics). Cats are more sensitive than dogs to the adverse side effects of a variety of drugs (eg, aspirin, digoxin, selected antiarrhythmics), and extra precautions must be taken when these drugs are used in cats. Finally, several drugs are used for the treatment of illnesses that tend to be unique to cats (eg, taurine and calcium-channel blockers in selected feline cardiovascular disorders).
Evaluation of an inactivated rabies virus vaccine in domestic ferrets
Authors: Rupprecht Charles E. , Gilbert Jeannine , Pitts Robert , Marshall Kent R. , Koprowski Hilary 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Efficacy of an sc-administered commercial inactivated vaccine for prevention of rabies was evaluated in domestic ferrets. Ferret immunity was challenged by the 1m inoculation of street rabies virus. All ferrets developed titers of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies within 30 days of vaccination (geometric mean titer [GMT]=154, n=41) that were maintained for at least one year (GMT= 106, n=36), compared with no seroconversion in controls (GMT < 5, n=39). Following rabies virus challenge inoculation, 89% (32/36) of vaccinated ferrets survived vs < 6% (2/38) survival in control ferrets. These results demonstrate the protective efficacy of a commercial, inactivated rabies vaccine of at least one year's duration for domestic ferrets.