bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum filtration of NB interference in DS‐CDMA satellite systems
Authors: Pawelec Józef J. , Piotrowski Rafał 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe narrow‐band interference can occur as an overlap of two system's bandwidths or as a result of co‐operation of several systems with partially joint bandwidths. It can be also a result of partial‐band jamming. There is no general method for combating this interference. Viterbi algorithm with interleaving fails in the case of DS‐CDMA. This paper presents a linear optimum method that exploits an old whitening phenomenon in a novel DSP framework. A short outline of the theory and a simulation example of DS‐BPSK detection in high‐pass noise are given. The obtained results show high effectiveness of the method. An example of its implementation into the concrete satellite receiver is presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo muscarinic 2 receptor imaging in cognitively normal young and older volunteers
Authors: Podruchny Teresa A. , Connolly Catherine , Bokde Arun , Herscovitch Peter , Eckelman William C. , Kiesewetter Dale O. , Sunderland Trey , Carson Richard E. , Cohen Robert M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe precise effects of normal aging on the cholinergic system are unknown, as both in vitro and PET studies have shown conflicting results. In vivo determination of muscarinic receptor distribution and density has been hampered by both poor subtype selectivity and/or blood–brain barrier permeability of known ligands. Previous in vitro and in vivo work with the F‐18 labeled muscarinic agonist, 3‐(3‐ (3‐[18F]Flouropropyl)thio)‐1,2,5‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl)‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐methylpyridine (18FP‐TZTP) suggested the use of 18FP‐TZTP to selectively quantify M2 receptors in humans. In this study, we used 18FP‐TZTP to infer M2 receptor avidity in the brains of 15 healthy younger subjects (mean age = 28.3 ± 5.5 years) and 20 healthy older subjects (mean age = 62.1 ± 7.7 years). Corrections for subject motion during the 120‐min acquisition and partial voluming (PVC) were performed. A one‐tissue compartment model was used to estimate the volumes of distribution (VT) of 18FP‐TZTP. Within both groups of subjects, volumes of distribution (K1/k2) in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar areas were consistent with M2 receptor topography. Compared to younger subjects older subjects had significantly higher means and standard deviations for the volumes of distribution of 18FP‐TZTP throughout much of the cerebellum, cortex, and subcortex (Global Gray VT = 742 ± 163 in older subjects and 645 ± 74 in younger subjects, P < 0.03). Across all subjects 18FP‐TZTP, regional, and Global Gray distribution volumes were significantly correlated to age (Global Gray VT, r = 0.41, P < 0.01). A lower concentration of acetylcholine in the synapse of some older subjects is one possible explanation for the data. Synapse 48:39–44, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
D1 dopamine receptor regulates alcohol‐motivated behaviors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in alcohol‐preferring (P) rats
Authors: Eiler William J.A. , Seyoum Regat , Foster Katrina L. , Mailey Chaz , June Harry L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractRecent studies have implicated the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) as a potential brain substrate for mediating drug‐related behaviors. Neuroanatomical studies have demonstrated that reciprocal projections exist from the BST to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a dopamine reward substrate proposed to play a role in alcohol abuse. In the present study, we evaluated the role of the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors of the BST in regulating alcohol and sucrose‐motivated behaviors. Alcohol‐preferring (P) rats were trained under an FR4 operant schedule to self‐administer either EtOH (10% v/v) or sucrose (2% w/v). Following training, we evaluated the capacity of a competitive D1 (SCH 23390; 0.5–20.0 μg) and a D2 (eticlopride; 0.5–20.0 μg) dopamine antagonist to selectively reduce EtOH‐maintained responding. Naltrexone, (5–30.0 μg), the nonselective opioid antagonist, was used as a reference agent. The results showed that SCH 23390 dose‐dependently reduced alcohol‐motivated responding. Responding was reduced with the 20.0 μg dose to about 97% of control levels. SCH 23390 also reduced sucrose responding; however, the magnitude of effects was substantially lower with the highest doses (2.5, 20.0 μg) (68–79% of control levels). In contrast, eticlopride failed to significantly alter alcohol responding and reduced sucrose responding only with the 10.0 μg dose. Unlike the dopamine antagonists, all naltrexone doses failed to alter EtOH or sucrose‐maintained responding. The results suggest a salient role for the D1, but not the D2 and opioid receptors in selectively modulating EtOH‐motivated behaviors in the BST. Synapse 48:45–56, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of the plasma membrane biotin transporter from Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Stolz Jürgen 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is auxotrophic for biotin (vitamin H) and growth depends on biotin uptake over the plasma membrane. Here a biotin transport mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to identify the vht1+ gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe plasma membrane transport protein for biotin. SpVht1p belongs to the family of allantoate transporters and has only little sequence homology to the S. cerevisiae biotin transporter. Although having dissimilar primary structures, the biotin transporters in Sz. pombe and S. cerevisiae share similar biochemical properties and regulation. Like in S. cerevisiae, biotin uptake in Sz. pombe is a high‐affinity process, is optimal at acidic pH values and inhibited by protonophores, indicating that SpVht1p acts as a proton–biotin symporter. Desthiobiotin, the metabolic precursor of biotin, is also imported by SpVht1p. Deletion of vht1+ abolishes growth on low external concentrations of the vitamin, showing that vht1+ encodes the only protein that mediates biotin uptake in Sz. pombe. Expression of vht1+ is maximal at low external biotin concentrations, indicating that Sz. pombe can adjust the rate of biotin uptake to meet the requirement for the vitamin. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Function of Candida glabrata ABC transporter gene, PDH1
Authors: Izumikawa Koichi , Kakeya Hiroshi , Tsai Huei‐Fung , Grimberg Brian , Bennett John E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe rapid increase in azole resistance during treatment of patients infected with Candida glabrata may be due to increased azole efflux mediated by ABC transporters, as occurs with increased expression of PDR5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two known C. glabrata homologues of PDR5 influencing azole susceptibility are PDH1 (CgCDR2) and CgCDR1. Disruption of PDH1 in a cgcdr1::ura3 strain increased susceptibility to rhodamine 6G, cycloheximide and chloramphenicol, and also increased rhodamine 6G accumulation, all properties of pdr5 null mutants. Overexpression of PDH1 in S. cerevisiae complemented the pdr5 mutation by reversing susceptibility to rhodamine 6G, chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, as well as by decreasing rhodamine 6G intracellular concentration. Expression of PDH1 in a C. glabrata cgcdr1::ura3 pdh1Δ::ura3 mutant using a multicopy plasmid almost completely restored the wild‐type phenotype, showing that PDH1 at higher levels of expression can replace CgCDR1. Because PDH1 and CgCDR1 have both been reported to have upstream sequences similar to the Pdr1p‐ and Pdr3p‐binding elements of PDR5, we sought similarities in regulation between the three genes. Abundance of PDH1 and CgCDR1 mRNA in C. glabrata was increased by rhodamine 6G, cycloheximide and oligomycin, properties in common with PDR5. PDH1, CgCDR1 and PDR5 have striking similarities in function and regulation. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Female offenders referred for community‐based mental health service as compared to other service‐referred youth: correlates of conviction
Authors: Walrath Christine , Ybarra Michele , Wayne Holden E , Manteuffel Brigitte , Santiago Rolando , Leaf Philip 
Published: January 2003

AbstractData from a large federally supported national evaluation of system‐of‐care community mental health services were analysed to identify correlates of conviction. Female adolescents with a reported history of criminal conviction (n=88) were compared to three other service‐referred youth groups: females without conviction histories (n=664), males with conviction histories (n=199), and males without conviction histories (n=1230) for possible differences in number and type of family, individual, and school‐related life challenges. Multinomial regression analyses were first used to compare the quantity of child and family correlates in each conviction group, and then to test specific correlates in the individual, family, and school domains. The conditional odds of reporting a high vs. low number of child correlates was found to be significantly greater for females with a history of conviction compared to all other groups, over and above the number of family risk factors. Further, service‐referred females with a conviction history, when compared to other service‐referred youth groups, were much more likely to report having experienced a living instability (e.g. history of running away, multiple living arrangements) and personal adverse life events (e.g. history of drug and alcohol use, sexual abuse). Implications for community‐based interventions and treatment are discussed.
The mental health of young people attending a Youth Offending Team: a descriptive study
Authors: Stallard Paul , Thomason Jane , Churchyard Sally 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis study documents the health needs of young offenders aged 10–17 attending a community Youth Offending Team (YOT). All young people known to a YOT on a selected date were identified. Health information was collected via semi‐structured interviews and standardized questionnaires. Potential mental health problems that required further specialist assessment were identified in 56% of those assessed. Alcohol was consumed more than twice per week by 68%, with 47% having recently smoked cannabis, and, 11% recently using heroin, methadone or crack cocaine. Use of secondary health‐care services was common although contact with primary‐care services was less frequent with almost half having no contact with a GP in the past year. The process of meeting the physical and mental health needs of young offenders in the community is discussed.
The effectiveness of individual and group‐based parenting programmes in improving outcomes for teenage mothers and their children: a systematic review
Authors: Coren Esther , Barlow Jane , Stewart‐Brown Sarah 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThere is evidence from a range of studies showing adverse child outcomes for the children of teenage parents. Parenting programmes are increasingly being used to promote the well‐being of parents and children, and this review aims to establish whether they can improve outcomes for teenage parents and their children. The findings of the review are based on 14 studies that used varying study designs, and are therefore limited. The results suggest, however, that parenting programmes can be effective in improving a range of psychosocial and developmental outcomes for teenage mothers and their children. Further research is needed.
Insight in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study of an Italian sample
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Dell’Osso Liliana , Di Nasso Elena , Pfanner Chiara , Presta Silvio , Mungai Francesco , Cassano Giovanni B. 
Published: January 2003

SummaryInsight is a complex phenomenon that can be interpreted according to a dimensional model. Given the controversial data of insight in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), our study aimed to investigate insight in an Italian sample of patients with OCD by means of the specific item on the Yale–Brown obsessive–compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and to explore the possible correlations between it and clinical features. One hundred and seventeen out-patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD and different comorbid psychiatric disorders were included in the study and assessed by means of the Y-BOCS, Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD) and the global clinical impression. The results showed that almost 50% of the patients had an excellent level of insight and 15% had a little or no insight. No correlation between levels of insight and clinical features was observed, except for a negative trend with the presence of somatic obsessions. In addition, a trend towards a lower level of insight was observed in those bipolar patients with a positive history of repeated manic or hypomanic episodes. Further studies seem to be necessary in order to establish whether or not OCD patients with poor insight represent a distinct sub-group of patients.
Self-experienced vulnerability, prodromal symptoms and coping strategies preceding schizophrenic and depressive relapses
Authors: Bechdolf Andreas , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Klosterkötter Joachim 
Published: January 2003

SummaryFor the first time, the present study explores pre-episodic disturbances, i.e. self-experienced vulnerability and prodromal symptoms, and related coping strategies preceding schizophrenic and depressive relapses. After complete recovery from the acute episode, 27 patients with recurrent schizophrenic and 24 patients with recurrent depressive episodes were assessed retrospectively for pre-episodic disturbances and related coping strategies with the “Bonn scale for the assessment of basic symptoms—BSABS”. All (100%) of the schizophrenic and 23 (96%) of the depressive patients showed pre-episodic disturbances. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly more often an increased emotional reactivity and certain perception and thought disturbances. Depressive patients reported significantly more often an impaired tolerance to certain stress and disorders of emotion and affect. Sixty-three percent of the schizophrenics and 87% of the depressives reacted to pre-episodic disturbances with coping strategies. The pre-episodic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia could be described in terms of mild psychotic productivity, those in depressives in terms of mild depressive syndrome. Future studies will have to show if these findings can be replicated in first episode or initial prodromal state samples and if the assessment of mild psychotic productivity and mild depressive syndrome can be used for early diagnosis and early intervention in schizophrenia and depression.
Clinical and psychosocial outcome of patients affected by panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: results from a naturalistic follow-up study
Authors: Carpiniello Bernardo , Baita Antonella , Carta Mauro Giovanni , Sitzia Rossella , Macciardi Adolfo Maria , Murgia Stefano , Altamura Alfredo Carlo 
Published: January 2003

SummaryObjective:A clinical and psychosocial follow-up study of a cohort of 85 patients affected by panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia was performed an average of 40 months after initial observation and following a mean duration of illness of 8 years.Methods:Eighty-five out of 130 patients affected by PDs with or without agoraphobia according to DSM-III R criteria, examined between 1990 and 1995 at an outpatient clinic were re-examined in 1997/1998 using the same standardized clinical evaluation performed on admission. Patients also underwent a structured diagnostic interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, MINI) and psychosocial evaluation (Scale of Sheehan’s Disability Scale, DISS, Baker and Intagliata’s Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale, SLDS).Results:At follow-up, the percentage of patients who had either improved or were in remission was considerably higher among those initially diagnosed as PD with respect to those diagnosed as panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA): Thirty-eight percent of PD and 20.6% of PDA patients were in clinical remission. Mild panic symptoms and phobic avoidance were found in the majority of patients who were still symptomatic (respectively 71% and 57%). Approximately 60% of patients reported a significant difficulty in performing daily activities and 40% expressed dissatisfaction in at least 50% of life domains considered. Seventy-two percent of subjects examined were still undergoing pharmacological treatment at the time of follow-up.Conclusions:The findings of the study are suggestive of a chronic illness with a significant impact on everyday quality of life of patients.
The prognostic importance of heart failure and age in patients treated with primary angioplasty
Authors: Henriques Jose P.S. , Zijlstra Felix , de Boer Menko‐Jan , van't Hof Arnoud W.J. , Gosselink A.T. Marcel , Dambrink Jan‐Henk E. , Suryapranata Harry , Hoorntje Jan C.A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackground:Effective risk stratification is essential in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Available models have not yet been studied and validated in patients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.Methods:The prognostic value of heart failure defined by Killip class and age upon admission and the impact of success and failure of the angioplasty procedure was studied in 1702 consecutive patients treated with primary angioplasty.Findings:The combination of Killip class and age is a strong predictor of 30‐day mortality and categorizes patients in subgroups with 30‐day mortality risk ranging from 0.5 to 70%. Angioplasty failure results in a high 30‐day mortality, in particular in patients with Killip class ≥II and/or age ≥70 years. A large majority of patients (72%), characterized by Killip class I and age <70 years, can be identified with a 0.5% risk of death at 30 days.Interpretation:The presence of heart failure (Killip class) and age predicts 30‐day mortality in patients on their way to the catheterization laboratory for primary angioplasty. This simple and effective early risk stratification, in combination with success and failure of the primary angioplasty, can be used to direct subsequent patient management.
Reflections on the meritocracy debate in Britain: a response to Richard Breen and John Goldthorpe1
Authors: Saunders Peter 
Published: January 2003

ABSTRACTA paper by Breen and Goldthorpe recently claimed to have exposed ‘fatal flaws’ in my work on meritocracy in Britain. This paper responds to their criticisms. The results of their re‐analysis of the NCDS data set are shown to be consistent with my earlier findings and arguments. Furthermore, re‐running some of my earlier models using measures that they favour and a method designed to privilege their position, the results once again demonstrate that, while class origins have some effect on class destinations (in particular, for those born into the middle class), ability and effort exert a much greater effect. Based on these results, the paper identifies three core propositions about meritocracy in Britain on which all parties to this debate should now be able to agree.
Ideal types, stereotypes and classes
Authors: Prandy Kenneth 
Published: January 2003

ABSTRACTSeveral recent articles seeking to validate the Goldthorpe class schema have implicitly raised some interesting questions about the relation between analytical techniques and theory. The favoured technique of latent class analysis actually brings this variety of class analysis close to the much older tradition of ideal‐type analysis. In doing so, it helps to illustrate a much wider problem that arises in any conceptualization in terms of classes. The paper seeks to show how, just as in popular discourse around ‘class’, stereotypes are used to simplify and summarize a complex set of related characteristics, so similarly ideal types, as used in class analysis, are an over‐simplification. As elsewhere in social science, the danger of using them is that they serve to protect a theoretical concept from empirical refutation. An alternative ‘research programme’ to that of class analysis is presented, based on measures of stratification arrangements that are more closely linked to the reproducing structure of inequalities.
Iron Lactate-Induced Osteopenia in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Matsushima Shuuichi , Hoshimoto Mariko , Torii Mikinori , Ozaki Kiyokazu , Narama Isao 
Published: January 2003

Osteopenia was induced in rats fed a diet containing 50,000 ppm (5%) iron lactate for 2 or 4 weeks. Blood chemistry, urinalysis, and bone histomorphometry of the proximal tibial metaphysis were performed. Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinolin e and the osteoclast number per bone surface were selected for the measurement of dynamic resorption. The osteoclast surface, eroded surface, and osteoblast surface increased at both ends of the exposure periods, and bone resorption and formation both increased. The bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number decreased, and the secondary spongiosa of proximal metaphysis showed a marked bone loss. However, no mineralization defect was observed. At the end of the 2-week exposure period, biomarkers of osteoclasts and osteoblasts had increased the most, and the osteoblast surface, osteoclast surface, and osteoclast number per bone surface increased with prolonged exposure. The pathological changes of the bone lesion in iron lactate-overloaded rats were similar to those in rats of the osteoporotic model, because they consisted of changes reflecting the increase of bone resorption and formation without an osteomalacic change. However, the decline of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels was different from that of the osteoporosi s model rat. We concluded iron-induced bone lesions probably differ from those of low turnover bone diseases.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and pneumococcal serotypes
Authors: Fenoll A. , Asensio G. , Jado I. , Berrón S. , Camacho M. T. , Ortega M. , Casal J. 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance and the possible changes in serotype prevalence as a consequence of a new conjugated vaccine have contributed to renewed interest in the study of pneumococcal serotypes and their antibiotic resistances. Spain still has one of the highest penicillin resistance rates, but in the past 4–5 years a slight decrease has been observed. The level of resistance has not increased either, 12.7% of the 11 165 isolates studied showed high-level penicillin resistance but 94% of these had an MIC of only 2 mg/L. Serotypes 6, 9, 14, 19 and 23 included 83% of the penicillin-resistant pneumococci; the remaining 17% belonged to 18 different serotypes. We analysed these minor penicillin-resistant serotypes in view of their potential increase following a possible child vaccination programme. Four of these serotypes (11, 15, 21 and 35) were the most prevalent, and among them serotype 15 was particularly frequent with &gt;50% of its strains resistant. The effective control of these minor penicillin-resistant serotypes should be based on continuous surveillance of pneumococcal epidemiology.