bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Designing Catalysts and Reaction Systems for Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia
Authors: Liu Honghong , Zhou Zhejian , Chen Gao‐Feng , Ding Liang‐Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current industrial synthesis of ammonia involves an energy‐intensive Haber‐Bosch process, significantly contributing to a massive carbon footprint. An electrochemical synthetic pathway for nitrogen fixation has recently garnered significant attention. It allows ammonia production through a green process without generating harmful pollutants. However, due to the robust N≡N bond, the limited nitrogen solubility, and the competing reactions of hydrogen extraction, the synthesis of ammonia by electrochemical nitrogen reduction (e‐NRR) is far from achieving industrialization. The intrinsic properties of the catalyst, the gas‐solid‐liquid interface, and the specific design of reaction system are the key factors that affect e‐NRR performance. Therefore, this review discusses recent efforts in enhancing e‐NRR performance towards ammonia production with regards to catalyst design, reaction interface optimization, and modulation of the reaction system (including lithium mediated ammonia synthesis). Finally, various promising research strategies and remaining tasks are presented. It is anticipated that this review could be beneficial for the further development of highly efficient and selective e‐NRR to ammonia.
Discovery of (2‐(4‐Substituted phenyl)quinolin‐4‐yl)(4‐isopropylpiperazin‐1‐yl)methanone Derivatives as Potent Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Lihui , Wang Xue , Zhu Dongqi , Xu Guangzhao , Li Honggang , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In pursuit of potent small molecules that block the PCSK9/low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein−protein interaction (PPI), a series of 2‐phenylquinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized based on previously derived molecules. In the in vitro PPI inhibition test, compounds M1, M12, M14, M18 and M27 exhibited potent activities with IC50 values of 6.25 μM, 0.91 μM, 2.81 μM, 4.26 μM and 0.76 μM, respectively, compared with SBC‐115337 (IC50 value of 9.24 μM). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the importance of hydrophobic interactions in the binding of inhibitors to the PPI interface of PCSK9. In LDLR expression and LDL uptake assays, the tested compounds M1, M12 and M14 were found to restore LDLR expression levels and to increase the extracellular LDL uptake capacity of HepG2 cells in the presence of exogenous PCSK9. Collectively, novel small‐molecule PCSK9/LDLR PPI inhibitors (especially M12) with in vitro lipid lowering ability, were discovered as lead compounds for further development of hypolipidemic drugs.
The diagnostic utility of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase immunohistochemistry for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in FNA and small biopsy specimens
Authors: Yu Sanhong , Doyle Leona A. , Hornick Jason L. , Mito Jeffrey K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate diagnosis of pancreatic lesions by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) or fine‐needle biopsy can be challenging. Although surrogate immunohistochemical markers for genetic alterations associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been identified, they have modest sensitivity. Biallelic loss of CDKN2A occurs in up to 46% of PDACs, and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been identified as a reliable surrogate marker for this alteration. The current study evaluates the utility of MTAP IHC for the diagnosis of PDAC.MethodsIn total, 136 cases of EUS‐FNA cell block or core biopsy targeting solid pancreatic masses were identified. MTAP IHC was performed and evaluated for complete loss of expression in neoplastic cells. These results were correlated with available clinical next‐generation sequencing that was performed on a subset of cases.ResultsComplete loss of MTAP expression was identified in 23 of 80 (29%) PDACs. A subset of cases classified as suspicious (4 of 21) and atypical (4 of 22) showed MTAP loss. All morphologically indeterminate cases with MTAP loss were confirmed as PDAC on resection/additional sampling. No benign samples (n = 13) showed loss of MTAP. In samples that had available clinical next‐generation sequencing data (n = 13), copy number loss of CDKN2A was detected in all cases that had loss of MTAP expression (n = 4).ConclusionsLoss of MTAP was identified in approximately 30% of PDAC small biopsy specimens. As loss of MTAP expression is not expected in nonneoplastic cells, and these findings suggest that MTAP IHC can support a diagnosis of PDAC in small biopsy samples.
Recurrent heart failure hospitalizations in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of TOPCAT trial
Authors: Wang Qi , Yu Fei , Su Hao , Liu Zhiquan , Hu Kai , Wu Guohong , Yan Ji , Chen Kangyu , Yang Dongmei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsRecurrent heart failure hospitalization (HFH) is an important feature of the progression of heart failure (HF). In the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial, we analysed risk factors for recurrent HFH events in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and developed a risk prediction model for recurrent HFH.Methods and resultsThis analysis focused on the subset of TOPCAT participants enrolled in the Americas (n = 1767). Recurrent HFH was defined as two or more hospitalizations for HF during the follow‐up period. Lasso regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen the risk factors, and the risk prediction model of recurrent HFH was established. During a median follow‐up period of 3.4 (95% confidence interval: 3.3–3.6) years, 72.2% (542 of 751 total hospitalizations) of HFH events occurred in 9.4% (n = 163) of patients with recurrent HFHs. Patients in the recurrent HFH group had higher cardiovascular mortality rate [6.2 per 100 patient‐years (PY) vs. 3.8 per 100 PY, P = 0.016] and all‐cause mortality rate (10.0 per 100 PY vs. 6.8 per 100 PY, P = 0.015) than those in the non‐recurrent HFH group. The model consisting of nine predictors has moderate predictive power for recurrent HFH events in patients with HFpEF (AUC = 0.75, Brier score = 0.08). Decision curve analysis showed a net clinical benefit from the application of the prediction model.ConclusionsIn patients with HFpEF, the majority of HFHs occur in a small proportion of patients with repeated hospitalizations, who typically have more comorbidities and are at higher risk of death. The predictive model developed in this study helps to identify patients at high risk of recurrent HFH.
Too little money or time? Using justifications to maintain a positive image after self‐control failure
Authors: Steinmetz Janina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch has shown that people frequently fail at exerting self‐control. Yet, having good self‐control is essential for being trusted and relied on. In this research, I test which common and frequent excuses for self‐control failures (i.e., resulting from lack of time vs. money) allow people to maintain an image of good self‐control despite failure. In six studies (five pre‐registered), using different types of self‐control domains, I show that participants perceived someone who failed at a resolution to nevertheless have good self‐control if they failed because they lacked money (vs. time) to follow through (Study 1). This effect was due to the mediated (Study 2a) and manipulated (Study 2b) perceived controllability of the excuse. This effect had downstream consequences for participants’ hypothetical and real behaviour toward the individual when their outcomes were interdependent (Studies 3 and 4). Finally, participants lacked insight into these patterns when communicating their own self‐control failures, which they attributed to a lack of time over money (Study 5).
Analysis of Joule heating and viscous dissipation on electromagnetohydrodynamic flow with electroosmotic effect in a porous microchannel: A heat transfer miniature enhancement
Authors: Rilwan Usman S. , Oni Michael O. , Jha Basant K. , Jibril Haruna M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of Joule heating and viscous dissipation due to electric double layer (EDL) and electroosmotic effect on steady fully developed electromagnetohydrodynamic flow in a porous microchannel. Dimensionless formulations of the Poisson–Boltzmann, momentum, and energy equations are derived for the electric potential, velocity profile, and temperature distribution in the microchannel. Exact solutions for the temperature distributions and velocity profiles were obtained using the method of undetermined coefficients. The Debye–Hückel linearization is used to get an exact solution for the electric potential. The results showed that the Brinkmann number , Joule heating parameter , Debye–Hückel parameter , Hartmann number , electric field , and suction/injection parameter have a substantial impact on flow formation and heat transfer. Using MATLAB software, graphical simulations are provided to deliver a greater understanding of the influence of relevant parameters on the results achieved.
Cycloaddition reactions via “on water” protocol reactions: A density functional theory study
Authors: López‐Sosa L. , Calaminici P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, the reactions of quadricyclane with dimethyl azodicarboxylate (DMAD) and of quadricyclane with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in gas phase and in water environments were studied by a first‐principles investigation within the framework of auxiliary density functional theory (ADFT). For these type of organic reactions is known that water is required to accelerate them. Since the reason of why this occur is still unknown, this work aims to gain insight into this reaction mechanism. For this investigation, the generalized gradient approximation as well as a hybrid functional were employed. The obtained optimized structures for the reactants, of the products and of the transition states are reported, together with the corresponding frequency analysis results and the reaction profiles. Along the proposed concerted reaction mechanism, a critical points search of the electron density and a charge analysis were performed. The calculated potential energy barriers of these reactions in gas phase and in water environments are compared. In agreement with experiment, the obtained results indicate that both reactions occur faster in water than in gas phase. This study shows that there is a change in the polarity of the two most important carbon atoms of the formed compounds along the reactions and that the decrease of the activation energy barrier which occurs in liquid phase in these reactions is because the structures of the main transition states are stabilized by the water environment. Therefore, the here obtained results demonstrate the important role played by the water‐molecule framework into the activation energy barrier and structures of the molecules that participate in the DMAD and DEAD cycloaddition reactions.
Interplay of early negative life events, development of orbitofrontal cortical thickness and depression in young adulthood
Authors: Backhausen Lea L. , Granzow Jonas , Fröhner Juliane H. , Artiges Eric , Paillère‐Martinot Marie‐Laure , Lemaître Hervé , Sticca Fabio , Banaschewski Tobias , Desrivières Sylvane , Grigis Antoine , Heinz Andreas , Brühl Rüdiger , Papadopoulos‐Orfanos Dimitri , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Robinson Lauren , Walter Henrik , Winterer Jeanne , Schumann Gunter , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Smolka Michael N. , Vetter Nora C. ,   the IMAGEN Consortium
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly negative life events (NLE) have long‐lasting influences on neurodevelopment and psychopathology. Reduced orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) thickness was frequently associated with NLE and depressive symptoms. OFC thinning might mediate the effect of NLE on depressive symptoms, although few longitudinal studies exist. Using a complete longitudinal design with four time points, we examined whether NLE during childhood and early adolescence predict depressive symptoms in young adulthood through accelerated OFC thinning across adolescence.MethodsWe acquired structural MRI from 321 participants at two sites across four time points from ages 14 to 22. We measured NLE with the Life Events Questionnaire at the first time point and depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at the fourth time point. Modeling latent growth curves, we tested whether OFC thinning mediates the effect of NLE on depressive symptoms.ResultsA higher burden of NLE, a thicker OFC at the age of 14, and an accelerated OFC thinning across adolescence predicted young adults' depressive symptoms. We did not identify an effect of NLE on OFC thickness nor OFC thickness mediating effects of NLE on depressive symptoms.ConclusionsUsing a complete longitudinal design with four waves, we show that NLE in childhood and early adolescence predict depressive symptoms in the long term. Results indicate that an accelerated OFC thinning may precede depressive symptoms. Assessment of early additionally to acute NLEs and neurodevelopment may be warranted in clinical settings to identify risk factors for depression.
Prenatal developmental sequences of the esophageal epithelium in the New Zealand white rabbits: Light and electron microscopic analysis
Authors: Gaber Wafaa , Khalil Fatma , Mohamedien Dalia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral morphogenetic sequences occur during esophageal development and birth defects occur due to defects in foregut morphogenesis. This work aimed to record the cellular events in the morphogenesis of rabbits' esophageal epithelium. On the 16th day of gestation, the esophageal epithelium varied from stratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous type. The surface epithelium presented mucous cells with mucigen granules of various sizes occupying their supranuclear cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vacuolation was evident in all layers of the esophageal epithelium at this age. On the 18th gestational day, some light cells could be detected in the middle portion of the epithelium, while others occupied the whole epithelial length. On the 21st day, mucous cells are more frequently observed at the apical esophageal part as well as at the surface epithelium. Numerous elongated dark cells could be distinguished embedded between the basal cells. On the 24th gestational day the number of the mucous cells reached its peak. Reaching the 30th gestational day, several lamellar bodies, a keratinized layer and mitotic divisions could be demonstrated, and the number of both mucous and dark cells was greatly decreased. Collectively, detection of surface mucous and dark cells together with the non‐cornified surface in some regions of the rabbit esophageal epithelium at the end of gestation ensure a postnatal development to reach the adult epithelium essential to sustain the passage of the harsh raw food. Future immunohistochemical studies are recommended to investigate the components of secretions in mucous cells and functional studies to highlight the dark cells significance.Research Highlights
Esophageal epithelium of fetal rabbit was analyzed by light and transmission microscopy.
Surface epithelium presented mucous cells with mucigen granules of various sizes. They reached their maximum number on 24th day then decreased.
On the 16th day, cytoplasmic vacuolation was evident in all epithelial layers.
On the 21st day, numerous elongated dark cells could be distinguished embedded between the basal cells.
Before birth, several lamellar bodies, a keratinized layer and mitotic divisions could be demonstrated, and the number of both mucous and dark cells was greatly decreased.
Soil greenhouse gas flux and nitrogen mineralization following manure application from tannin‐fed dairy cows
Authors: Romanko Claire A. , Gay Justin D. , Powell J. Mark , Wattiaux Michel , Barford Carol , Larson Rebecca A. , Ruark Matthew D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGrowing concerns about environmental impacts of dairy farms have driven producers to address greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen (N) losses from soil following land application of dairy manure. Tannin dietary additives have proved to be a successful intervention for mitigating GHG and ammonia (NH3) emissions at the barn scale. However, it is unknown how land application of dairy manure from cows fed tannin diets affects crop–soil nitrogen dynamics and soil GHG flux. To test this, cows were fed diets at three levels of tannins (0.0%, 0.4%, and 1.8% of dry matter intake) and their manure was field applied at two N rates (240 and 360 kg N ha−1). Soil NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, corn silage yield, and soil GHG flux were then measured over a full growing season. Soils amended with tannin manure had lower initial NH4+‐N concentrations and lower total mineral N (NH4+‐N + NO3−‐N) concentrations 19 days after application, compared to soils amended with no tannin manures. Despite lower early season N availability in tannin‐fertilized plots, there were no differences in corn silage yield. No differences in soil GHG and NH3 emissions were observed between manure‐amended treatments. These results demonstrate that while tannin addition to dairy cow feed does not offer short‐term GHG or NH3 emissions reductions after field manure application, it can promote slower soil N mineralization that may reduce reactive N loss after initial application.
A High MCT‐Based Ketogenic Diet Suppresses Th1 and Th17 Responses to Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Inhibiting GSDMD and JAK2‐STAT3/4 Pathways
Authors: Zhang Qianye , Sun Wei , Wang Qingpeng , Zheng Xuexing , Zhang Ruiyan , Zhang Ning 
Published: December 2023

ScopeInflammation and pyroptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diet (KD) in EAE.Methods and resultsThe administration of KD reduces demyelination and microglial activation in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Meanwhile, KD decreases the levels of Th1 and Th17 associated cytokines/transcription factors production (T‐bet, IFN‐γ, RORγt, and IL‐17) and increases those of Th2 and Treg cytokines/transcription factors (GATA3, IL‐4, Foxp3, and IL‐10) in the spinal cord and spleen. Corresponding, KD reduces the expression of chemokines in EAE, which those chemokines associate with T‐cell infiltration into central nervous system (CNS). In addition, KD inhibits the GSDMD activation in microglia, oligodendrocyte, CD31+ cells, CCR2+ cells, and T cells in the spinal cord. Moreover, KD significantly decreases the ratios of p‐JAK2/JAK2, p‐STAT3/STAT3, and p‐STAT4/STAT4, as well as GSDMD in EAE mice.Conclusionsthis study demonstrates that KD reduces the activation and differentiation of T cells in the spinal cord and spleen and prevents T cell infiltration into CNS of EAE via modulating the GSDMD and STAT3/4 pathways, suggesting that KD is a potentially effective strategy in the treatment of MS.
Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anodes Enabled by Exploring Polar‐Face‐Rich 2D ZnO Interfacial Layers for Rechargeable Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Xueqing , Borowiec Joanna , Zhu Yijia , Liu Xiaopeng , Wu Ruiqi , Ganose Alex M. , Parkin Ivan P. , Boruah Buddha Deka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractZinc metal is a promising candidate for anodes in zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), but its widespread implementation is hindered by dendrite growth in aqueous electrolytes. Dendrites lead to undesirable side reactions, such as hydrogen evolution, passivation, and corrosion, causing reduced capacity during prolonged cycling. In this study, an approach is explored to address this challenge by directly growing 1D zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) and 2D ZnO nanoflakes (NFs) on Zn anodes, forming artificial layers to enhance ZIB performance. The incorporation of ZnO on the anode offers both chemical and thermal stability and leverages its n‐type semiconductor nature to facilitate the formation of ohmic contacts. This results in efficient electron transport during Zn ion plating and stripping processes. Consequently, the ZnO NFs‐coated Zn anodes demonstrate significantly improved charge storage performance, achieving 348 mAh g−1, as compared to ZnO NRs (250 mAh g−1) and pristine Zn (160 mAh g−1) anodes when evaluated in full cells with V2O5 cathodes. One significant advantage of ZnO NFs lies in their highly polar surfaces, promoting strong interactions with water molecules and rendering them exceptionally hydrophilic. This characteristic enhances the ability of ZnO NFs to desolvate Zn2+ ions, leading to improved charge storage performance.
Continuous Anhydrous Synthesis of Oxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers by Reaction of Dimethyl Ether with Molecular Formaldehyde
Authors: Billion Andreas , Schulte Jonas , Vogel Andreas , Hilfinger Felix , Krossing Ingo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA novel gaseous synthesis route to oxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEn, n = 3−5) starting from CO2 and green H2 by using molecular formaldehyde (FA) and dimethyl ether (DME) is presented. The anhydrous reaction runs in a pressure free, gaseous, and continuous reaction setup. Hetero‐geneous cata‐lysts including zeolites and ion exchange resins (IER) are investigated, if they catalyze this reaction. While IER is almost inactive, zeolites with a 3D pore structure and an acidity exceeding ρm,H+(NH3,ads) = 250 µmol·gcat.−1 proved to be catalytically active. DME conversions of up to 2.76 mol‐% are observed. The observed product gas stream compositions confirm thermo‐dynamic considerations with back reactions / OMEn decomposition occurring as part of the equilibria under the investigated reaction conditions (90…180 °C). However, feed gas ratio variations (FA:DME = 1:2 to 1:9.5) highlighted the possibility to shift the product selectivity in favor of OMEn and suppress FA disproportionation to methyl formate. FA trimerization to trioxane is almost completely suppressed by running the reaction at 120 °C. The results presented here provide an important and unprecedented contribution to understand the complex reaction network in the OMEn synthesis reaction necessary to establish an energy efficient sustainable OMEn production process.
Underwater Biomimetic Lateral Line Sensor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Dynamic Pressure Monitoring and Trajectory Perception
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Xu Peng , Liu Bo , Xi Ziyue , Li Yuanzheng , Guo Linan , Guan Tangzhen , Zhu Peng , Meng Zhaochen , Wang Siyuan , Wang Hao , Xu Minyi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeveloping desirable sensors is crucial for underwater perceptions and operations. The perceiving organs of marine creatures have greatly evolved to react accurately and promptly underwater. Inspired by the fish lateral line, this study proposes a triboelectric dynamic pressure sensor for underwater perception. The biomimetic lateral line sensor (BLLS) has high sensitivity to the disturbance amplitude/frequency, good adaptability to underwater environments and (relative) low cost. The sensors are deployed at the bottom of the test basin to perceive various moving objects, such as a robotic fish, robotic seal, etc. By analyzing the electrical signal of the sensor, the motion parameters of the objects passed over can be obtained. By monitoring signal variations across multiple sensors, the ability to sense different disturbance movement trajectories, including linear and angular trajectories, is achievable. The study will prove significant in forming an unconventional underwater perceiving method, which can back‐up the sonic/optical sensors when are impaired in complex underwater environments.