bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Surface Modification for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes: Divalent Metal Ion Doping and Halide‐Based Ligand Passivation
Authors: Jeong Woo Hyeon , Lee Seongbeom , Song Hochan , Shen Xinyu , Choi Hyuk , Choi Yejung , Yang Jonghee , Yoon Jung Won , Yu Zhongkai , Kim Jihoon , Seok Gyeong Eun , Lee Jeongjae , Kim Hyun You , Snaith Henry J. , Choi Hyosung , Park Sung Heum , Lee Bo Ram 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSurface defects of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) substantially compromise the optoelectronic performances of the materials and devices via undesired charge recombination. However, those defects, mainly the vacancies, are structurally entangled with each other in the PNC lattice, necessitating a delicately designed strategy for effective passivation. Here, a synergistic metal ion doping and surface ligand exchange strategy is proposed to passivate the surface defects of CsPbBr3 PNCs with various divalent metal (e.g., Cd2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+) acetate salts and didodecyldimethylammonium (DDA+) via one‐step post‐treatment. The addition of metal acetate salts to PNCs is demonstrated to suppress the defect formation energy effectively via the ab initio calculations. The developed PNCs not only have near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent stability but also show luminance of 1175 cd m−2, current efficiency of 65.48 cd A−1, external quantum efficiency of 20.79%, wavelength of 514 nm in optimized PNC light‐emitting diodes with Cd2+ passivator and DDA ligand. The “organic–inorganic” hybrid engineering approach is completely general and can be straightforwardly applied to any combination of quaternary ammonium ligands and source of metal, which will be useful in PNC‐based optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, and transistors.
Bioinspired Double‐Broadband Switchable Microwave Absorbing Grid Structures with Inflatable Kresling Origami Actuators
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Lei Hongshuai , Duan Shengyu , Zhao Zeang , Chen Mingji , Wang Changxian , Fang Daining 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTunable radar stealth structures are critical components for future military equipment because of their potential to further enhance the design space and performance. Some previous investigations have utilized simple origami structures as the basic adjusting components but failed to achieve the desired broadband microwave absorbing characteristic. Herein, a novel double‐broadband switchable microwave absorbing grid structure has been developed with the actuators of inflatable Kresling origami structures. Geometric constraints are derived to endow a bistable feature with this origami configuration, and the stable states are switched by adjusting the internal pressure. An ultra‐broadband microwave absorbing structure is proposed with a couple of complementary microwave stealth bands, and optimized by a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The superior electromagnetic performance results from the mode switch activating different absorbing components at corresponding frequencies. A digital adjusting strategy is applied, which effectively achieves a continuously adjusting effect. Further investigations show that the proposed structure possesses superior robustness. In addition, minimal interactions are found between adjacent grid units, and the electromagnetic performance is mainly related to the duty ratio of the units in different states. They have enhanced the microwave absorbing performance of grid structures through a tunable design, a provided a feasible paradigm for other tunable absorbers.
Colloidal InSb Quantum Dots for 1500 nm SWIR Photodetector with Antioxidation of Surface
Authors: Seo Haewoon , Eun Hyeong Ju , Lee Ah Young , Lee Hang Ken , Kim Jong H. , Kim Sang‐Wook 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIII‐V quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as significant alternatives to Cd‐ and Pb‐based QDs, garnering notable attention over the past two decades. However, the understanding of III‐V QDs, particularly in the short wave‐infrared (SWIR) region, remains limited. InAs QDs are widely recognized as the most prominent SWIR QDs, but their absorption beyond 1400 nm presents various challenges. Consequently, InSb QDs with relatively narrower bandgaps have been investigated; however, research on their device applications is lacking. In this study, InSb QDs are synthesized with absorption ranging from 1000 to 1700 nm by introducing Cl− ions to enhance QD surface stability during synthesis. Additionally, it coated InAs and ZnSe shells onto the InSb QDs to validate photoluminescence in the SWIR region and improve photostability. Subsequently, these QDs are employed in the fabrication of photodetector devices, resulting in photodetection above 1500 nm using Pb‐free QDs. The photodetection device exhibited an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.4% at 1370 nm and 6.3% at 1520 nm for InSb core QDs, and 4.6% at 1520 nm for InSb/InAs core/shell QDs, marking the successful implementation of such a device. In detail, the 1520 nm for InSb core device showed a dark current density(JD) value of: 1.46 × 10−9 A/cm2, responsivity(R): 0.078 A/W, and specific detectivity based on the shot noise(Dsh*): 3.6 × 1012 Jones at 0 V.
Crystallization Regulation and Defect Passivation for Efficient Inverted Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells with over 21% Efficiency
Authors: Su Gangfeng , Yu Runnan , Dong Yiman , He Zhangwei , Zhang Yuling , Wang Ruyue , Dang Qi , Sha Shihao , Lv Qianglong , Xu Zhiyang , Liu Zhuoxu , Li Minghua , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn great attention owing to their promising potential for constructing efficient tandem solar cells. However, the rapid crystallization results in poor film properties and easy formation of defects, thereby greatly restricting the acquisition of a small open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit due to the severe nonradiative recombination. Herein, it introduced the triethanolamine borate (TB) to effectively slow down the rapid crystallization for preparing highly crystalline and uniform WBG perovskite films with reduced defects. The strong intermolecular interaction (e.g., coordination and hydrogen bond) between TB and perovskite can suppress the halide vacancy formation and inhibit phase segregation for improving long‐term stability. The devices based on a 1.65 eV perovskite absorber achieved a high efficiency of 21.55% with a VOC of 1.24 V, demonstrating the VOC deficit is as low as 0.41 V, which is one of the lowest reports. By combining a semitransparent WBG subcell with a narrow‐bandgap tin‐based PSC, the four‐terminal tandem solar cell delivers a high efficiency of 26.48%.
Synthesis of Selenocyanated Indoles via PhICl2‐Induced Electrophilic Intramolecular Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylanilines or 2‐Alkenylanilines
Authors: Xu Lingzhi , Zhao Bingyue , Zhao Hui , Zhang Jianing , Li Jinqu , Du Yunfei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe 3‐selenocyanato‐substituted indoles were readily synthesized via (dichloroiodo)benzene (PhICl2)‐induced reaction of 2‐alkynylanilines or 2‐alkenylanilines with KSeCN in MeCN under metal‐free conditions. The reaction sequence was postulated to encompass the formation of a reactive selenocyanogen chloride species, generated in situ from the reaction of PhICl2 and KseCN, followed by electrophilic addition and intramolecular cyclization steps.
Relationships of Cognitive Measures with Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not Imaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease Vary between Black and White Individuals
Authors: Bonomi Samuele , Lu Ruijin , Schindler Suzanne E. , Bui Quoc , Lah James J. , Wolk David , Gleason Carey E. , Sperling Reisa , Roberson Erik D. , Levey Allan I. , Shaw Leslie , Van Hulle Carol , Benzinger Tammie , Adams Morgann , Manzanares Cecelia , Qiu Deqiang , Hassenstab Jason , Moulder Krista L. , Balls‐Berry Joyce E. , Johnson Keith , Johnson Sterling C. , Murchison Charles F. , Luo Jingqin , Gremminger Emily , Agboola Folasade , Grant Elizabeth A. , Hornbeck Russ , Massoumzadeh Parinaz , Keefe Sarah , Dierker Donna , Gray Julia , Henson Rachel L. , Streitz Marissa , Mechanic‐Hamilton Dawn , Morris John C. , Xiong Chengjie 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveBiomarkers of Alzheimer disease vary between groups of self‐identified Black and White individuals in some studies. This study examined whether the relationships between biomarkers or between biomarkers and cognitive measures varied by racialized groups.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF), amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging measures were harmonized across four studies of memory and aging. Spearman correlations between biomarkers and between biomarkers and cognitive measures were calculated within each racialized group, then compared between groups by standard normal tests after Fisher's Z‐transformations.ResultsThe harmonized dataset included at least one biomarker measurement from 495 Black and 2,600 White participants. The mean age was similar between racialized groups. However, Black participants were less likely to have cognitive impairment (28% vs 36%) and had less abnormality of some CSF biomarkers including CSF Aβ42/40, total tau, p‐tau181, and neurofilament light. CSF Aβ42/40 was negatively correlated with total tau and p‐tau181 in both groups, but at a smaller magnitude in Black individuals. CSF Aβ42/40, total tau, and p‐tau181 had weaker correlations with cognitive measures, especially episodic memory, in Black than White participants. Correlations of amyloid measures between CSF (Aβ42/40, Aβ42) and PET imaging were also weaker in Black than White participants. Importantly, no differences based on race were found in correlations between different imaging biomarkers, or in correlations between imaging biomarkers and cognitive measures.InterpretationRelationships between CSF biomarkers but not imaging biomarkers varied by racialized groups. Imaging biomarkers performed more consistently across racialized groups in associations with cognitive measures. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:495–506
Tailored Fluorosurfactants through Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization for Highly Stable Microfluidic Droplet Generation
Authors: Li Xiangke , Tang Shi‐Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhu Jiayuan , Forgham Helen , Zhao Chun‐Xia , Zhang Cheng , Davis Thomas P. , Qiao Ruirui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDroplet‐based microfluidics represents a disruptive technology in the field of chemistry and biology through the generation and manipulation of sub‐microlitre droplets. To avoid droplet coalescence, fluoropolymer‐based surfactants are commonly used to reduce the interfacial tension between two immiscible phases to stabilize droplet interfaces. However, the conventional preparation of fluorosurfactants involves multiple steps of conjugation reactions between fluorinated and hydrophilic segments to form multiple‐block copolymers. In addition, synthesis of customized surfactants with tailored properties is challenging due to the complex synthesis process. Here, we report a highly efficient synthetic method that utilizes living radical polymerization (LRP) to produce fluorosurfactants with tailored functionalities. Compared to the commercialized surfactant, our surfactants outperform in thermal cycling for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and exhibit exceptional biocompatibility for cell and yeast culturing in a double‐emulsion system. This breakthrough synthetic approach has the potential to revolutionize the field of droplet‐based microfluidics by enabling the development of novel designs that generate droplets with superior stability and functionality for a wide range of applications.
Polyoxometalate–Organic Hybrid “Calixarenes” as Supramolecular Hosts
Authors: Gao Yuan , Guo Ji , Lai Yuyan , Lin Jiaheng , Liu Junrui , Ji Jianming , Yin Panchao , Wang Wei , Zhao Hongmei , Chen Guanying , Wang Lei , Fang Xikui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCalixarenes are among the most useful and versatile macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry. The one thing that has not changed in the 80 years since their discovery, despite numerous derivatizations, is their fully organic, covalent scaffolds. Here, we report a new type of organic–inorganic hybrid “calixarenes” constructed by means of coordination‐driven assembly. Replacing acetate ligands on the {SiW10Cr2(OAc)2} clusters with 5‐hydroxyisophthalates allows these 95° inorganic building blocks to be linked into bowl‐shaped, hybrid “calix[n]arenes” (n=3, 4). With a large concave cavity, the metal–organic calix[4]arene can accommodate nanometer‐sized polyoxoanions in an entropically driven process. The development of hybrid variants of calixarenes is expected to expand the scope of their physicochemical properties, guest/substrate binding, and applications on multiple fronts.
Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Allene C(sp2)−H Cyanation
Authors: Wei Youhao , Wang Zheng , Wang Kaifeng , Qiu Jiang‐Kai , Wang Zhaoshan , Li Haotian , Duan Xiu , Guo Kai , Bao Xiaoguang , Wu Xinxin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile the hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from C(sp3)−H bond has been well explored, the radical‐mediated chemo‐ and regio‐selective functionalization of allenic C(sp2)−H bond via direct HAA from C(sp2)−H bond of allene remains an unsolved challenge in synthetic chemistry. This is primarily due to inherent challenges with addition of radical intermediates to allenes, regioselectivity of HAA process, instability of allenyl radical toward propargyl radical et al. Herein, we report a copper catalyzed allenic C(sp2)−H cyanation of an array of tri‐ and di‐substituted allenes with exceptional site‐selectivity, while mono‐substituted allene was successfully cyanated, albeit with a low yield. In the developed strategy, steric N‐fluoro‐N‐alkylsulfonamide, serving as precursor of hydrogen atom abstractor, plays a crucial role in achieving the desired regioselectivity and avoiding addition of N‐centered radical to allene.
Relationships Between Defectivity and Porosity in High Surface Area Porous Aromatic Frameworks**
Authors: Porath Anthony J. , Lybrand Tony , Bour James R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPorous aromatic framework (PAF) microporosity is known to be strongly dependent on synthetic approach but little is known about why certain reactions yield significantly and consistently more porous PAFs. This article explores the connections between synthetic pathway, PAF defectivity, and microporosity. Using a network disassembly strategy, we show that defectivity is highly dependent on synthetic approach and that more defective PAFs are associated with lower surface areas and pore volumes. This empirical association is corroborated through systematic introduction of defects to a modelPAF, which results in significant reduction of apparent surface area and pore volumes. Taken together, these data suggest that only highly efficient coupling reactions should be targeted for the synthesis of ultra‐high surface area porous aromatic frameworks.
Composite polymeric microsponge‐based long‐acting gel formulation for topical delivery of mupirocin
Authors: Ramesh Ghayal Sachin , Hussain Nazir , Roy Subhadeep , Kaity Santanu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTopical delivery of medicaments in a controlled manner is still a promising area of research. Drug‐containing dammar gum‐ethyl cellulose composite microsponge loaded gel formulation (D‐MSPG) was developed for controlled topical delivery of mupirocin. The drug‐loaded microsponges (D‐MSPs) were formulated by the quasi‐emulsion solvent diffusion method and were evaluated for morphology, particle size distribution, entrapment efficiency, thermal properties, and crystallinity. The optimized D‐MSPs (entrapment efficiency 91.5 ± 4.0% and particle size of 55.15 ± 2.9 μm) were dispersed in carbopol 934 gel (D‐MSPG). The final product was characterized for pH, viscosity, texture, spreadability, consistency, syneresis, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo skin penetration study. A comparative study with marketed formulation was performed. For optimized gel formulation (G4), drug content was 104.19 ± 1.68%, and drug release was 84.19% after 24 h. The pH of the optimized gel was observed to be 6.05 ± 0.04. Viscosity of the optimized gel formulation was found to be 1212.15 ± 434.85 mPa‐s at 50 s−1. The steady‐state flux (J) in ex vivo skin permeation was observed to be 53.96 μg cm−2 h−1 and the permeability coefficient was 2.69 cm/h for the optimized gel formulation. According to the findings, the D‐MSPG‐based formulation strategy can act well to prolong the topical delivery of mupirocin or similar drug molecules.
A contrastive analysis on the causes of two regional snowstorm processes influenced by the southern branch trough in Hunan in early 2022
Authors: Hu Yan , Chen Long , Wang Qingxia , Zhao Enrong , Ye Chengzhi , Liu Huanqian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn early 2022, there were four low‐temperature weather processes with rain and snow in Hunan Province, China. Two processes occurred on January 28–29 (referred to as the “0128” process) and February 6–7 (referred to as the “0206” process), and they have overlapping areas of heavy snowfall and high intensity of short‐term snowfall. Multi‐source observation data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data are used to analyze the characteristics of circulation background and mesoscale. In addition, the causes of heavy snowfall processes under the influence of the southern branch trough are discussed based on the dual‐polarization radar products at Changsha station. The results show that two processes are characterized by the rapid phase transformation of rain and snow, concentrated snowfall periods, and heavy snowfall at night. The short‐term snowfall intensity of the “0206” process is greater than that of the “0128” process. The high‐latitude blocking high of the “0206” process is stronger than that of the “0128” process, and the water vapor transport of the southerly jet in low levels in the “0206” process is also stronger. The organized development of cold cloud clusters from the meso‐β scale to the meso‐α scale indicates that the snowfall intensifies, and the maximum blackbody temperature gradient corresponds well to the center of heavy snowfall. The propagation that is similar to the train effect is an important reason for the heavy snowfall process. The vertical variation of the ZH and the bright band of dual‐polarization parameters can determine the phase transformation between rain and snow. When the ZH and ZDR bright bands are 1–3 km away from the ground, the phase state is rain if the ZH near the ground is greater than 0 dBZ and the CC is close to 1; the phase state is the rain‐snow mixed phase if the CC is less than 0.95. When the bottom of the ZH bright band decreases, the CC/ZDR bright band disappears, the near‐surface CC is greater than 0.99 and the ZDR is less than 1 dB, the rain turns to snow. Compared with the “0128” process, the characteristics of the bright ring during the rainfall period of the “0206” process are more obvious, the precipitation intensity judged from the larger ZH and KDP is larger, and the phase transformation is faster due to more significant cooling effect caused by precipitation.
Immunogenicity of different nanoparticle adjuvants containing recombinant RBD coronavirus antigen in animal model
Authors: Ataei Fatemeh , Ahmadi Ali , Fasihi‐R Mahdi , Kachoei Reza , Amani Jafar , Najafi Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOngoing mutations of SARS‐CoV‐2 present challenges for vaccine development, promising renewed global efforts to create more effective vaccines against coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). One approach is to target highly immunogenic viral proteins, such as the spike receptor binding domain (RBD), which can stimulate the production of potent neutralizing antibodies. This study aimed to design and test a subunit vaccine candidate based on the RBD. Bioinformatics analysis identified antigenic regions of the RBD for recombinant protein design. In silico analysis identified the RBD region as a feasible target for designing a recombinant vaccine. Bioinformatics tools predicted the stability and antigenicity of epitopes, and a 3D model of the RBD‐angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 complex was constructed using molecular docking and codon optimization. The resulting construct was cloned into the pET‐28a (+) vector and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21DE3. As evidenced by sodium dodecyl‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analyses, the affinity purification of RBD antigens produced high‐quality products. Mice were immunized with the RBD antigen alone or combined with aluminum hydroxide (AlOH), calcium phosphate (CaP), or zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) as adjuvants. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay assays were used to evaluate immune responses in mice. In‐silico analysis confirmed the stability and antigenicity of the designed protein structure. RBD with CaP NPs generated the highest immunoglobulin G titer compared to AlOH and ZnO after three doses, indicating its effectiveness as a vaccine platform. In conclusion, the recombinant RBD antigen administered with CaP adjuvant NPs induces potent humoral immunity in mice, supporting further vaccine development. These results contribute to ongoing efforts to develop more effective COVID‐19 vaccines.
Current Situation and Development Prospects of Discharge Pretreatment during Recycling of Lithium‐ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Shi Minhao , Ren Yinghui , Cao Jianyun , Kuang Zengyu , Zhuo Xiaojun , Xie Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs the first step in recovering the decommissioned lithium‐ion battery cells, discharge pre‐treatment of decommissioned lithium‐ion batteries plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the subsequent recovery process and improving the comprehensive benefits of lithium‐ion battery recycling. However, current research on the recovery process of decommissioned lithium‐ion batteries focuses on how to efficiently recover elements through fire and wet methods, as well as improve the recovery of active substances by direct reduction. Therefore, this review focuses on the latest research progress of lithium‐ion battery discharge pretreatment, shows the advantages and disadvantages of various existing lithium‐ion battery discharge pretreatment technologies, and analyzes the development potential of discharge pretreatment technologies in further energy recovery, increasing cathode lithium content, and reducing the pollution of active substances. This paper aims to further review and look forward to the development of discharge pretreatment technology and provide a new perspective for improving the comprehensive benefits of the lithium‐ion battery recycling process.
Dissecting cell death pathways in fed‐batch bioreactors
Authors: Mentlak David A. , Raven John , Moses Tessa , Massie Fraser , Barber Nicholas , Hoare Robyn , Burton Graeme , Young Alison , Pybus Leon P. , Rosser Susan , White Robert J. , Ungar Daniel , Bryant Nia J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for production of biologics including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Cell death in CHO cells is a significant factor in biopharmaceutical production, impacting both product yield and quality. Apoptosis has previously been described as the major form of cell death occurring in CHO cells in bioreactors. However, these studies were undertaken when less was known about non‐apoptotic cell death pathways. Here, we report the occurrence of non‐apoptotic cell death in an industrial antibody‐producing CHO cell line during fed‐batch culture. Under standard conditions, crucial markers of apoptosis were not observed despite a decrease in viability towards the end of the culture; only by increasing stress within the system did we observe caspase activation indicative of apoptosis. In contrast, markers of parthanatos and ferroptosis were observed during standard fed‐batch culture, indicating that these non‐apoptotic cell death pathways contribute to viability loss under these conditions. These findings pave the way for targeting non‐conventional cell death pathways to improve viability and biologic production in CHO cells.