bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of cobalamin activation disorders in relation to ethnicity and Native American tribal affiliation: An exploratory study
Authors: Arnold Taylor , Woolgar Kara , Colville Melanie , James Philip , Aleck Kyrieckos 
Published: November 2023

The Cobalamin activation disorders (CblA‐CblG) are deleterious inborn errors of Vitamin B12 activation, resulting in severe intellectual disability, vision impairment, and seizures. Although cobalamin activation disorders are exceedingly rare, typically occurring 1 in every 200,000 births, Phoenix Children's Hospital has an unusually high number of patients (n=21). We conducted a retrospective, exploratory examination of medical records to identify symptom trends in individuals clinically diagnosed with CblC (n=16) in relation to race, ethnicity, and tribal affiliation. This study is unique due to our direct access to a large population of children with this condition, the majority of whom are Native American (n=6) or Hispanic (n=8), while the remaining 2 are of Caucasian descent. We also examined the symptoms of two Native American children believed to have a novel mutation related to cobalamin metabolism. Of the 16 individuals clinically diagnosed with CblC, those with the most severe eye abnormalities tended to be of Athabascan descent. In addition, growth delays were present in 5 children, with no apparent connection to race or ethnicity. Finally, two children believed to exhibit a novel mutation related to cobalamin activation, who are both of the same Native American tribal (non‐Athabascan) descent, display no ophthalmological symptoms. Findings from this study will expand the clinical understanding of this disease and will shed light on the impact of these conditions in minority populations. In addition, these results lay the foundation for future research examining associations between symptoms, symptom severity, and genetic analysis data. The ultimate goal of this research is to contribute to the Cobalamin activation section of a gene chip that addresses genetic disorders in Native Americans.Support or Funding InformationPhoenix Children's Hospital
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid improves antioxidant capability of RIN‐m5F pancreatic cells under H2O2‐induced oxidative stress
Authors: Tang Xue , Lin Yi , Le Guowei , Shi Yonghui 
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that Gamma‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) maintains cellular redox status, and modulates glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β and antioxidant‐related nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor (NRF2) nuclear mass ratio in the H2O2‐injured RINm5F cells. RINm5F cells were treated with/without GABA (50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) for 48 h and exposed to 100μmol/L H2O2 for 30 min. Viable cells were harvested, and dichloro‐dihydro‐fluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) level; cellular redox status and insulin secretion were measured; cell viability was determined by MTT assay; western blotting was used to determine protein expression of GSK‐3β and p‐GSK‐3β (Ser9), and nuclear and cytoplasmic NRF2. The results showed that H2O2 increased ROS production and cell death, and induced adverse affects in relation to antioxidant defense systems and insulin secretion. These changes were restored by treatment with 100 and 200 μmol/L GABA. Furthermore, western blotting indicated that GABA inhibited GSK‐3β by increasing p‐GSK‐3β (Ser9) level, and directed the transcription factor NRF2 to the nucleus. Overall, our results suggested that GABA exerts its protective effect by regulating GSK‐3β and NRF2 in rat insulin‐producing RINm5F cells, which governs redox homeostasis by inhibiting apoptosis and abnormal insulin secretion by exposure to H2O2.Support or Funding InformationThe present study was supported by the 12th Five‐Year Plan for for Science and Technology Development (No. 2012BAD33B05)
Pasta Consumption is Negatively Associated with Obesity Markers: an Analysis of Moli‐sani and INHES Studies
Authors: Pounis Georgios , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Costanzo Simona , Persichillo Mariarosaria , Bonaccio Marialaura , Bonanni Americo , Cerletti Chiara , Donati Maria Benedetta , de Gaetano Giovanni , Iacoviello Licia 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePasta as a traditional component of the Mediterranean Diet (MeD) in Italy has not been studied in deep in the management of body weight (BW). This study aimed at evaluating the association of pasta consumption with body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio, in two large epidemiological datasets.Methods14,402 participants aged≥35 randomly recruited from the general population of the Molise region (Moli‐sani cohort) and 8,964 participants aged >18years from all over Italy (Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey, INHES), were separately analyzed. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)‐food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and one 24‐hour dietary recall were used for dietary assessment. Weight, height, waist and hip circumference were directly measured in Moli‐sani or self‐reported in INHES. Residuals method corrected for either BW or total energy intake was used for the analysis of pasta intake.ResultsHigher pasta consumption was associated with better adhesion to MeD in both genders (P for both <0.001). Predicted standardized‐pasta residuals were significantly and negatively associated with BMI in crude and multi‐adjusted models (including adhesion to MeD) in both Moli‐sani and INHES databases (for all β‐coef<0, P<0.05). One unit increase in standardized residuals (i.e. 35–48g/day increase in pasta) was associated with 12%–24%, decrease in the likelihood of being at a higher BMI group (for all OR<1, P<0.05). Predicted standardized‐pasta residuals were significantly and negatively associated with waist and hip circumference and waist to hip ratio (for all β‐coef<0, P<0.05). The optimal median (1st, 3rd quartiles) pasta intake in normal weight, apparently healthy, free‐living participants was calculated to be 54 (35, 78) and 73 (48, 91) g/day or 0.96 (0.62, 1.36) and 1.06 (0.71, 1.36) g/kg of BW/day for women and men, respectively (P for sex differences<0.001).ConclusionsPasta consumption, a traditional component of the MeD in Italy, was negatively associated with BMI, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio and with the prevalence of overweight and obesity.Support or Funding InformationMOLI‐SANI Project was conducted at the Research Laboratories of the Catholic University in Campobasso (Italy) and supported by research grants from Pfizer Foundation (Rome, Italy), the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR, Rome, Italy)–Programma Triennale di Ricerca, Decreto no.1588 and IL Laboratory, Milan, Italy.INHES study was partially funded by Barilla and the MISE (Italian Ministry of Economic Development) within the frame of the ATENA program MI01_00093 – New Technologies for Made in Italy (D.I. PII MI 6/3/2008).
Effect of Combination of Low Doses of EPA and Curcumin on Muscle Wasting in MAC16 Colon Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Luo Menghua , Mirza Kamran A , Pereira Suzette L. , Tisdale Michael J , Das Tapas J 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)‐containing oral nutrition supplements (ONS) have been clinically shown to attenuate weight loss and improve quality of life in patients with cancer. In animal models, EPA given at a dose of higher than 1g/kg body weight (bw) has found to be effective to prevent cancer cachexia. Curcumin given at 100–250 mg/kg bw also showed anti‐cachectic effects in animal models. This study examined the effect of the combination of lower than therapeutic doses of curcumin and EPA on mitigating cancer cachexia in MAC16 colon tumor‐bearing Mice.Methods and resultsMAC16‐tumor bearing mice were given curcumin C3 (100 mg/kg bw in olive oil) or EPA (500 mg/kg bw in olive oil), alone or in combination (n=8/group) by oral gavage once daily for 6 days. EPA or C3 alone had no effect on weight loss. However, animals treated with the combination gained 2g bw on day 1 and did not have significant weight loss during the treatment. By day 6, the EPA+C3 group lost 1.7 g bw whereas controls lost 7.7g bw. Western blot analysis of gastrocnemius muscle showed the express of 19S and 20S proteasome subunits and the expression of the E3 ligases muRF1 and MAFBx were unaffected by either EPA or curcumin alone, but significantly depressed by EPA+C3 (~20%) comparing to controls (Figure 1).Conclusionthese results suggest that the combination of a low dose of curcumin with a low dose of EPA may be more effective than EPA or curcumin alone in preventing muscle wasting in cancer cachexia in the MAC16 model. These results need to be further evaluated in clinical studies.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH.
Impact of High‐Flavanol and High‐Theobromine Chocolate Consumption on Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Women at Risk of Preeclampsia: a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Leblanc Vicky , Lebel Élise Lavoie , Giguère Yves , Babar Asma , Marc Isabelle , Lemieux Simone , Belkacem Abdous , Bujold Emmanuel , Sidi Elhadji Anassour Laouan , Bazinet Laurent , Dodin Sylvie 
Published: November 2023

Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by generalized endothelial dysfunction and impaired maternal tissue perfusion, and insulin resistance is a prominent feature of this disease. A history of PE has also been associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations and higher risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. Despite controversy among previous studies, flavanol‐rich chocolate consumption during pregnancy could have beneficial effects on the risk of PE. Theobromine, a major constituent of dark chocolate, also possesses vasodilatation properties. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of flavanol‐rich chocolate consumption on blood glucose homeostasis in pregnant women at risk of PE.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of high‐flavanol and high‐theobromine chocolate consumption on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in pregnant women at risk of PE.MethodsA single‐center randomized controlled trial was conducted in women with singleton pregnancy between 11 and 14 weeks gestation. Uterine artery Doppler was performed and women with bilateral diastolic notches and either a uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) >95th percentile on one side and/or bilateral PI>50th percentile were considered as potentially eligible for randomization. A total of 131 pregnant women were randomly assigned to either high‐flavanol, high theobromine (HFHT) or low‐flavanol, low‐theobromine (LFLT) chocolate groups. Women had to consume a total of 30 g of chocolate on a daily basis for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric variables were measured at baseline and at 12 weeks.ResultsNo significant group by time interaction was found in fasting glucose and insulin concentrations after 12 weeks of chocolate consumption. A significant time effect was observed in fasting insulin concentrations in both HFHT and LFLT chocolate groups (p<0.0001), with similar increases in fasting insulin concentrations at 12 weeks. A significant time effect was observed in fasting glucose in the LFLT chocolate group only (p= 0.002), with a significant decrease of 4.9% in fasting glucose concentrations at 12 weeks. A significant group by time interaction was noted for body weight (p=0.03), with a greater weight gain in the HFHT group.ConclusionOur results suggest that HFHT chocolate consumption during pregnancy in women at risk of PE does not conduct to more beneficial effect on fasting glucose concentrations compared to LFLT chocolate.Support or Funding InformationThis research project was supported by Canadian Institute of Health Research by the Jeanne and Jean‐Louis Lévesque Perinatal Research Chair at Laval University.
Measuring oral fat sensitivity
Authors: Chmurzynska Agata , Galinski Grzegorz , Mlodzik Monika 
Published: November 2023

Accumulating evidence suggests that humans can taste fatty acids and that considerable variation in fatty acid sensitivity exists. However, there is no commonly accepted test method for measuring fatty acid sensitivity. Currently used methods are too complex and time consuming. The aim of this study was to propose and test a new method for measuring oral fat sensitivity that could be used in association studies. To mimic a natural food matrix, salad dressings with varying concentrations of canola oil (from 2.5% to 35.0%) were used as stimuli. An ascending forced choice triangle procedure was applied. All testing was performed under red light and with the participants wearing nose clips. The test was terminated after three correct responses in a row. Testing was repeated for each subject for three consecutive days. The usefulness of this method in association studies was tested in a pilot study. Since preparing the testing solutions and overall testing procedure for each participant takes no more than 40 minutes, the method would seem to be useful in studies with numerous subjects. Repeated testing did not improve performance. Our fatty acids sensitivity detection method discriminates between hyposensitive and hypersensitive individuals in a time‐effective manner, though repeated testing is suggested to avoid random errors in assignment.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (grant no. 2014/15/B/NZ9/02134).
Morphometry of the brain cingulate gyrus and its possible clinical correlations
Authors: Camara Eduardo Poletti , de Souza Pinto Antonio José Assis Xavier , Tavares Marcelo Rodrigo , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Cisne Rafael , de Carvalho da Silva Thais 
Published: November 2023

Introductionthe cingulate gyrus is a cluster of white matter fibers in semicircular shape with communication between the limbic system and cerebral cortex. Standardizing a measure of the amplitude of the cingulate gyrus may be correlated to the size of neuronal axons and possibly their shares to the level of the limbic system.ObjectiveTo carry out the morphometry of the extent of the cerebral cingulate gyrus looking for a standardization of its measurement and its possible relevant clinical relations.Materials and Methodswas held morphometry of the brain cingulate gyrus by manual caliper in 30 human brains (n = 30), in the anatomical center I of University José do Rosário Vellano (Alfenas‐MG), set by conservation methods site. The pictures were taken with a camera of 8 MP and a resolution of 3264 × 2448 pixel.Resultsit was found that there was a predominance of the value of 85 mm for the full range of the cingulate gyrus, accounting for 20% incidence. A new perspective on pain processing and emotion in the cingulate cortex is being biased by Vogt (1996 and 2009). It is suggested the model of four regions and sub‐regions associated. There are four regions due to their sub‐regions that make up the cingulate gyrus. Regions and sub‐regions would be divided as follows: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; s, subgenual; p, pregenual) medial cingulate cortex (CCM; the above; p, posterior), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; d, dorsal ; v, ventral) and back‐splenial cortex (CRE).ConclusionThe study aims to carry out the standardization of the measurement of the cingulate gyrus and its prevalence rate in human brains of the population and the possible correlation with the axon length size and sector division, as well as influence the limbic system.
The effect of intestinal flora on intestinal nutrition of patients having severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: DUAN HUBIN , Hao Chunyan , Ge Lifeng , Li Shuzhen 
Published: November 2023

ObjectsStudy the effect of intestinal flora on intestinal nutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with severe traumatic brain injury after using two kind of enteral nutrition.Methods42 patients who have disturbance of consciousness and need nasogastric enteral nutrition. 21 patients used Enteral nutrition mixed suspension(ENMS), 21patients treated with Enteral nutrition emulsion(ENE). Measuring the ratio change of the two group patients’ test specimens of coccobacillus. Detecting the two group patients’ serum albumin values before and after using two kinds of enteral nutrition. Observing whether the patients have the gastrointestinal complications, such as bloating and diarrhea.ResultsThere is significant difference in gastrointestinal complications of two groups; The use of two kinds of enteral nutrition can increase the patients’ serum albumin and improve the ratio of intestine coccobacillus, but there is no statistical significance between two groups;The gastrointestinal complications disappeared after being given probiotics.ConclusionsThere is no difference between the serum albumin of patients after using above two different kinds of enteral nutrition; but the gastrointestinal complication of ENMS group is less than that of ENE group; The use of probiotics is helpful for the improvement of gastrointestinal complications caused by the enteral nutrition preparation.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Youth (Fund No.30600637), China Postdoctral Foundation (Fund No.2014M561207), Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Fund No. 2011‐096)
Assessment of the Infant and Toddler Nutrition Status in the U.S.: A Recent Literature Review
Authors: Agarwal Sanjiv , Fulgoni Victor L 
Published: November 2023

Infancy and early childhood period is critical in human development and nutrition practices during this period influence the life‐long health. The objective of this review is to compare and contrast the key large scale infants and toddlers nutrition studies in the U.S. A PubMed search (using search terms “Nutrition OR Diet OR [Nutrient Intake]”, past 10 years, in Humans age 1–23 months published in English) provided 10033 publications. Title/abstracts review of these publications provided over 50 relevant publications and many of these publications discussed the data from three major studies on nutritional status of infants and toddlers: 1) the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) ‐ a large cross‐sectional study of US infants and toddlers (n=3022, aged 4–24 mo ‐ FITS 2002 and n=1812, aged less than 2 years ‐ FITS 2008) assessing their usual nutrient intakes and food consumption pattern; 2) Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II) ‐a longitudinal survey study of infant feeding and care practices throughout the first year of life conducted by US Food and Drug Administration in 2005–2007 with more than 3000 U.S. infants sampled in the neonatal period and about 1800 followed through 12 months of age; and 3) the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2012 ‐ a cross‐sectional study of 2740 U.S. infants and toddlers aged 0–24 months as a part of a ongoing national survey monitoring the diets and health status of all Americans. Data from FITS indicated that although the diets of U.S. infants and toddlers were overall nutritionally adequate, nutritious food choices such as milk, fruits and vegetables, and whole grains in a variety of forms need to be encouraged. IFPS II raised concerns with several infant feeding practices including substantial infant formula supplementation, early introduction of solid foods, late introduction of meats, and feeding of high‐fat/high‐sugar foods to infants. NHANES 2005–2012 indicated that while human milk, infant formula and baby foods were the top sources of nutrition among infants, a variety of food groups including milk, fruit juices and grains contributed to nutrient intakes of toddlers, however, a number of foods of low nutritional quality including sweet bakery products, sugar‐sweetened beverages and savory snacks were also part of their diet. Overall, these studies provide useful insight but they also raise concerns and emphasize the need for developing the science based dietary guidelines to improve the diets of infants and toddlers.Support or Funding InformationBeech‐Nut Nutrition Company
Technology and Weight Loss: A Systematic Revew
Authors: Batheja Sapna 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of technology on a weight‐loss program.DesignSystematic review of randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials and cohort studies.Data sourcesPubMedStudy selection20 studies: fourteen randomized controlled trials, one retrospective cohort, one experimental control trial, one cohort study, and one semi‐randomized control trial. Two studies looked at video technology, one through video conferencing, and one through video telehealth, and one through home‐based DVDs. Five of the studies included a text messaging component as part of the intervention. Three studies used a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) as the technological intervention. Three studies used a website as part of the intervention. Two studies used social media outlets, such as Twitter or Facebook. One study used a virtual reality program for weight loss. Two studies used unique smart phone applications. One study utilized Integrated Voice Recognition software in conjunction with a weight loss program. Two studies used podcasts centered on weight loss strategies. Three studies used two types of technology components in the weight loss intervention.Main outcome measuresweight loss, dietary behaviors, physical activity and quality of lifeResultsInclusion of a technology component to complement a traditional classroom weight loss program increased weight loss and physical activity and improved dietary behaviors.ConclusionTechnology as a supplement to a face‐to‐face weight loss program is an effective and innovative strategy for maintenance of weight loss.
(−)‐Epicatechin Mitigates High‐fat‐associated Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Wang Ziwei 
Published: November 2023

Obesity constitutes a major public health concern worldwide, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a frequent negative consequence of obesity. Evidence from studies in humans and experimental animals suggest that consumption of the flavan‐3‐ol (−)‐epicatechin (EC) and of EC‐rich foods and food extracts may improve insulin sensitivity. To further understand the potential benefits of dietary EC consumption on T2D, this study investigated the capacity of EC supplementation to prevent high fat diet‐induced insulin resistance in mice. To assess the underlying mechanisms, the deregulation of intestinal barrier permeability leading to endotoxemia, fatty liver and impaired insulin signaling were investigated. The consumption of a high fat diet for 15 w caused obesity, intestinal permeabilization, and insulin resistance in male C57BL/6J mice. This was evidenced by findings of high fasted and fed plasma glucose and insulin levels, impaired responses to ITT and GTT tests, increased permeability to FITC‐dextran, and alterations in the activation of different components of the insulin‐triggered signaling cascade (insulin receptor (IR), IRS1, ERK1/2, Akt). Although EC only partially reduced body weight gain and adiposity, it acted preventing high fat diet‐induced increased intestinal permeability, mitigating liver fat deposition, and the improving insulin‐triggered activation of IR, IRS1, ERK1/2, and Akt. In summary, results show dietary EC supplementation improved insulin sensitivity in high fat‐fed mice. This could in part be due to the prevention of intestinal permeabilization and mitigation of fatty liver development. Thus, the above results support the concept that consumption of EC‐rich foods can constitute a dietary strategy to mitigate obesity‐associated insulin resistance.Support or Funding InformationDr. Patricia I. Oteiza grants (PIOGFTN)Jastro Shields Research Award from UC Davis