bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic role of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in HCV cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy with and without schistosomiasis
Authors: Bedewy Essam S. , Elhadidi Abeer , El-Latif Naglaa Abd , Zawawy Yousra T. El , Abbasy Amany N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Liver cirrhosis (LC) advances from an asymptomatic phase (compensated cirrhosis) to a symptomatic phase (decompensated cirrhosis). Up to 80% of patients with LC may experience minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), which is the first stage of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Due to the lack of serum indicators, the diagnosis of MHE is frequently based on neuropsychometric tests. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a diagnostic marker for MHE in HCV cirrhotic patients with or without hepatic schistosomiasis.

Patients and methods
The study consisted of 60 patients with divided into 3 groups (20 patients with HCV-related LC with overt HE, 20 patients with HCV-related LC without overt HE, and 20 patients with HCV-related LC and hepatic schistosomiases co-infection without overt HE) as well as 20 healthy controls. Patients without overt HE were evaluated for MHE by psychometric tests (trail making tests A and B). Serum BDNF was measured in all patients as well as healthy controls.

Results
Serum BDNF was found to be significantly lower in patients with LC regardless of etiology than in healthy controls; however, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with and without overt HE. Upon subdivision of patients without overt HE into “normal” and “deficient” using psychometric tests, serum BDNF was found to be significantly lower in patients with overt as well as those with “deficient” psychometric tests (have MHE). Serum BDNF had a sensitivity of 65.85% and specificity of 84.62%, and positive predictive value (PPV) was 82.0%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 70.0% for diagnosis of MHE.

Conclusion
Serum BDNF concentration was found to be significantly lower in patients with deficient psychometric tests having either overt or covert HE which suggests that serum BDNF can be used as a diagnostic marker for MHE.
Bitcoin adoption in online payments: examining consumer intentions and word-of-mouth recommendations
Authors: Mofokeng Thabang E. , Mbeya Steven , Maduku Daniel K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOnline retailers in emerging markets like South Africa are adopting Bitcoin payments. This study explores factors driving consumer adoption and word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations for Bitcoin in online transactions. Using an integrated model combining valency theory, social contagion theory, and the technology acceptance model (TAM), we analyse data from 521 South African online shoppers. Findings reveal that perceived usefulness, ease of use, social pressures, trust, and perceived risk significantly influence both adoption and WOM. Importantly, self-efficacy moderates the relationship between these factors and behaviour. This research contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive understanding of Bitcoin adoption. For business and policy actors, enhancing consumer self-efficacy can foster trust, ease concerns, and encourage positive WOM, ultimately aiding successful Bitcoin implementation and promotion.
Subclinical pleuro-pulmonary disease in patients with SLE: functional and radiological methods
Authors: Hamed Hanaa S. , Abozaid Mohammed M. N. , Mekawy Enas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with highest prevalence of chest involvement; however, early detection of subclinical pleuropulmonary diseases may improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients. This study aimed to identify the subclinical pleuro-pulmonary involvement in SLE patients without respiratory symptoms.

Methods
A total of 228 patients diagnosed with SLE were recruited and subjected to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest, ultrasound (US) chest, and spirometry for further evaluation and finding of sub-clinical signs.

Results
Around 52.63% of patients had pulmonary involvement in HRCT, while in US, it was 73.68%. Ground glass opacity was observed in 31.58% of HRCT cases, and > 1/3 of patients had pleural thickness in US. Spirometry showed that 26.32% of patients had small airway disease. SLE patients with subclinical lung involvement were significantly female and younger and had shorter disease duration, p < 0.05 for all. SLE severity showed a significant negative correlation with lung function, and was positively correlated with pleural thickness and effusion, and pleural nodules in US finding. However, diaphragmatic excursion showed a negative correlation. Moreover, ground glass opacities, honey combing opacities, interlobular septal thickening, pleural thickness, and effusion in HRCT showed positive correlation with disease severity, p < 0.001 for all, yet, the mosaic pattern showed a negative relationship.

Conclusion
The radiological assessments of SLE patients via HRCT and ultrasound unveiled prevalent findings such as ground glass opacities and pleural abnormalities. The severity of SLE correlated significantly with pulmonary function tests in a negative way, plus the positive correlation with lung opacities and pleural abnormalities.
Developmental regulation of cellular metabolism is required for intestinal elongation and rotation
Authors: Grzymkowski Julia K. , Chiu Yu-Chun , Jima Dereje D. , Wyatt Brent H. , Jayachandran Sudhish , Stutts Whitney L. , Nascone-Yoder Nanette M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Malrotation of the intestine is a prevalent birth anomaly, the etiology of which remains poorly understood. Here, we show that late-stage exposure of Xenopus embryos to atrazine, a widely used herbicide that targets electron transport chain (ETC) reactions, elicits intestinal malrotation at high frequency. Interestingly, atrazine specifically inhibits the cellular morphogenetic events required for gut tube elongation, including cell rearrangement, differentiation and proliferation; insufficient gut lengthening consequently reorients the direction of intestine rotation. Transcriptome analyses of atrazine-exposed intestines reveal misexpression of genes associated with glycolysis and oxidative stress, and metabolomics shows that atrazine depletes key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites. Moreover, cellular bioenergetics assays indicate that atrazine blocks a crucial developmental transition from glycolytic ATP production toward oxidative phosphorylation. Atrazine-induced defects are phenocopied by rotenone, a known ETC Complex I inhibitor, accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species, and rescued by antioxidant supplementation, suggesting that malrotation may be at least partly attributable to redox imbalance. These studies reveal roles for metabolism in gut morphogenesis and implicate defective gut tube elongation and/or metabolic perturbations in the etiology of intestinal malrotation.
Quadratic Optimization Models for Balancing Preferential Access and Fairness: Formulations and Optimality Conditions
Authors: Schmitt Christian , Singh Bismark 
Published: February 2024

Typically, within facility location problems, fairness is defined in terms of accessibility of users. However, for facilities perceived as undesirable by communities hosting them, fairness between the usage of facilities becomes especially important. Limited research exists on this notion of fairness. To close this gap, we develop a series of optimization models for the allocation of populations of users to facilities such that access for users is balanced with a fair utilization of facilities. The optimality conditions of the underlying nonconvex quadratic models state the precise balance between accessibility and fairness. We define new classes of fairness and a metric to quantify the extent to which fairness is achieved in both optimal and suboptimal allocations. We show that a continuous relaxation of our central model is sufficient to achieve a perfect extent of fairness, while a special case reduces to the classical notion of proportional fairness. Our work is motivated by pervasive ecological challenges faced by the waste management community as policymakers seek to reduce the number of recycling centers in the last few years. As a computational case study, applying our models on data for the state of Bavaria in Germany, we find that even after the closure of a moderate number of recycling centers, large degrees of access can be ensured, provided that the closures are conducted optimally. Fairness, however, is impacted more, with facilities in rural regions shouldering larger loads of visiting populations than those in urban regions. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Funding: Computer resources and support provided by the Erlangen Regional Computing Center are gratefully acknowledged. B. Singh was partially financially supported by the Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art (Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst) under the Competence Network for Scientific High Performance Computing in Bavaria. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0308 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0308 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
When Does the Gittins Policy Have Asymptotically Optimal Response Time Tail in the M/G/1?
Authors: Scully Ziv , van Kreveld Lucas 
Published: February 2024

Looking Beyond Mean Delay in Queue Scheduling A central aim of queueing theory is to design scheduling policies that reduce delays. Much of literature focuses on minimizing mean delay, but, in practice, it can be more important to reduce the delay tail—that is, the probability of especially large delays. There is a subtle interplay between these objectives. For instance, the SRPT policy (Shortest Remaining Processing Time) prioritizes short jobs over long jobs, which optimizes mean delay. Sometimes, SRPT also has optimal delay tail, but other times, its delay tail is pessimal. Thus, good mean delay need not imply good delay tail. The article When Does the Gittins Policy Have Asymptotically Optimal Response Time Tail in the M/G/1? explores the interplay between mean delay and delay tail for systems with unknown job durations. The article studies the Gittins policy, which optimizes mean delay in this setting. Curiously, its delay tail can be optimal, pessimal, or in between, depending on the job duration distribution. Fortunately, the worst case can be avoided: the article shows how to modify Gittins to avoid pessimal delay tail while maintaining near-optimal mean delay.
Paramedic electrocardiogram interpretation in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wyld Luke , Clegg Lisa , Griffin Kristina 
Published: February 2024

Background: The paramedic use of electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for prehospital identification of acute myocardial infarction. Following an extension to their scope of practice, all paramedics have the capability to identify an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there have been no investigations into paramedic ECG interpretation. Aims: This study aimed to investigate paramedic accuracy regarding ECG interpretation and compare findings with international literature. Methods: Anonymous participants were voluntarily recruited to interpret 12 ECGs. A literature review was undertaken to compare results with previous studies. Findings: Paramedics correctly identified the ECGs with a mean score of 63%. Accuracy in ECG interpretation increased with a higher educational background and specialist training. Postgraduate mean accuracy was 83.33%, with specialist accuracy at 83.53%. Conclusions: Further education and research into interpreting difficult ECGs is necessary. Australian services may consider the implementation of modified cardiac protocols to include suspected non-STEMI.
Retrospective review of a Schwartz Rounds service for a veterinary team
Authors: Martin Amy 
Published: February 2024

Schwartz Rounds are a multidisciplinary forum for human healthcare staff to process the emotional and social issues associated with delivering care. The aim is to care for the emotional needs of team members so that they in turn may attend to the emotional needs of their patients (clients). Aim: To run a pilot program at a large UK veterinary practice to assess the suitability and impact of Schwartz Rounds in this group. Method: Data analysis of feedback forms and attendance records from Schwartz Rounds in veterinary practice. Results: Over 90% of attendees found that the stories presented were: relevant to their daily work; would help them work better with colleagues; found the group discussion helpful; and had a better understanding of their work. Over 90% planned to attend again and recommend Schwartz Rounds to colleagues. Conclusions: The pilot provided sufficient quantitative evidence that Schwartz Rounds increase the wellbeing of practice teams to warrant further investigations.
Erkennungsverfahren für KI-generierte Texte: Überblick und Architekturentwurf
Authors: Pröhl Thorsten , Mohrhardt Radoslaw , Förster Niels , Putzier Erik , Zarnekow Rüdiger 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDurch Transformer-basierte KI-Systeme wurden große Fortschritte, u. a. in den Bereichen Textverarbeitung und -verständnis, erreicht. Diese Deep-Learning-Modelle ermöglichen das Generieren von Texten und bilden die Grundlage moderner Sprachmodelle. Die rasante Entwicklung der letzten Jahre hat große Sprachmodelle, wie ChatGPT, Bard oder VICUNA-13B, hervorgebracht.Der Beitrag präsentiert die Entwicklung der Sprachmodelle hin zu den großen Sprachmodellen. Durch die fortschreitende Entwicklung der Sprachmodelle ergeben sich vielfältige Möglichkeiten und Probleme, weshalb eine Erkennung von LLM-generierten Texten wichtig ist. Dieser Artikel stellt unterschiedliche Ansätze bekannter Erkennungsverfahren dar. Neben statistischen Klassifizierungsverfahren werden auch Deep-Learning-basierte und Zero-Shot-Verfahren besprochen. Daneben werden ein kompressionsorientierter Ansatz vorgestellt sowie Kennzeichnungsverfahren präsentiert. Nach dem tabellarischen Vergleich der in der Literatur vorgestellten Verfahren werden implementierte Softwaredetektoren präsentiert. Im Anschluss werden Überlegungen zum Entwurf eines Trainingsdatensatzes aufgezeigt, wodurch die Grundlage für einen eigenen Ansatz zur Erkennung von KI-generierten Texten in deutscher Sprache geschaffen wird. Darüber hinaus werden die Architektur und das Design des eigenen Ansatzes, dem KI-Inhalte-Detektor, vorgestellt und beschrieben sowie die Limitationen aufgezeigt.
The Technological Products of the 4th Industrial Revolution From Public R&D Institutions In Indonesia And The Challenges Arising From The Development To The Diffusion Process
Authors: Febrianda Rendi , Ririh Kirana Rukmayuninda , Romadona Mia Rahma , Laili Nur , Maludin Syafrizal 
Published: February 2024

<p>This study was aimed to identify and to compile both the primary and the secondary data of the technological products based on the technology of the 4<sup>th</sup> industrial revolution developed by public R&amp;D institutions in Indonesia, then to analyze the emerging challenges from the development to the diffusion process. The primary data were obtained through the interview with experts. The secondary data were obtained from each institution’s website, report archives, and written publications. A qualitative analysis using SWOT approach was applied in this study. As the result, this study has identified as many as 33 technological products, in which the 15 products belong to agriculture as the leading sector, followed by fishery, healthcare, and other sectors. The majority of the products’ statuses are prototypes that still require further development. Four main challenges have emerged from the development to the diffusion process: (1) the supporting technologies are mostly imported components and the supplies are not regularly available; (2) the disbursement of the components budget is considered complicated; (3) there is no potential licensing with the private sectors; and (4) the diffusion of the products is considered difficult when it comes to deal with the users that have low level of digital literacy.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: 4<sup>th</sup> industrial revolution, public R&amp;D institution, technology, challenge, Indonesia</p>
Não verás país nenhum – 40 anos depois: Entrevista com Ignácio de Loyola Brandão
Authors: Brandão Ignácio de Loyola Lopes , Gatti Márcio Antônio , Bruschini Grecca Gabriela , De Mello Silva Oliveira Júlia 
Published: February 2024

A presente entrevista foi concedida no âmbito do Projeto “Diálogos Interdisciplinares”, atividade de extensão do Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Condição Humana – PPGECH, da Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, pode também ser conferida na íntegra no canal do YouTube do Programa A entrevista foi transmitida em ao vivo em 17 de novembro de 2021, tal como as demais atividades do projeto. Participaram desta entrevista, Márcio Antonio Gatti, docente do PPGECH e da UFSCar, Júlia de Mello Silva Oliveira, doutoranda do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Estudos de Literatura da Universidade Federal de São Carlos e Gabriela Bruschini Grecca, doutora em Estudos Literários (UNESP) e docente da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG-Divinópolis). A entrevista comemora os 40 anos de publicação (completados em 2021) do livro Não Verás País Nenhum e foi uma parceria entre o PPGECH e o grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologia, Cultura e Sociedade, o NEPeTeCS, da UFSCar.
Romsdalens topografiske magi
Authors: Gujord Heming H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the summer of 1935 Ernst Jünger stayed for seven weeks in the small village Eidsbygda in the Romsdal-region on the west coast of Norway. In the book Myrdun (Lat. Eriophorum) he published letters elaborating on the local culture, but also transcended his observations into the realms of mythology and the unseen. In the novel Besuch auf Godenholm (A visit to Godenholm) Jünger further explores the realms of the human mind, alluding to Nordic culture, but also by means of a hallucinating trip to counteract the cultural despair in the aftermath of the Second World War. The article explores Jüngers transformation of a factual landscape into literature of different genres and modes of expression. Jüngers picture of Romsdal is also compared to the notion made by the Nobel laureate Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson who was raised in Romsdal.
Ein Wiener am Nordkap
Authors: Ilgner Julia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The essay examines the exclusive journey to Scandinavia of the 34-year-old Austrian poet Arthur Schnitzler in the summer of 1896 on the basis of its documentation in the diary as well as in various correspondences. Especially in his love letters to his mistress Marie Reinhard, the young Viennese author, creates the ,fictional idea of an imaginary journey for two‘ in order to let her participate in his experiences abroad. On this source basis, Schnitzler’s ,touristic view‘ of the north and Western Norway in particular, as well as its productive reception in his literary work, are discussed in order to show the fictional as well as factual components of his image of the north and of northerness in general.
Den konservative revolusjonen – i Thorleif Schirmer sitt forfattarskap
Authors: Øveraas Morten 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article asks if the phenomenon of the Conservative Revolution had exponents in rural western Norway in early 20th century. It sheds light on Thorleif Schirmer (1877–1941), a teacher and writer. Schirmer elaborated his ideology with radical and conservative rhetoric, influenced by German literature and politics. He presented a cyclical understanding of culture. To secure its existence, nations should revolutionize its mythical origins. Antisemitism fuelled his theories. The positive reception of Schirmer’s writings, indicates conceptual resemblance between the Scandinavian folk and the German Volk.
Electronic nicotine delivery system: a narrative review on growing threat to tobacco control and health of the young Indian population
Authors: Shruti Tulika , Sharma Priyanka , Budukh Atul , Khanna Divya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The electronic cigarette (EC) was developed as an alternative to cigarette smoking. In less than a decade, the prevalence of past-month EC usage increased from 1.5 to 27.5 % among US high-school students. In the coming years, Asia–Pacific countries will have the highest sales of electronic nicotine/non-nicotine delivery systems (ENDS/ENNDS) after Western Europe. Based on the World Health Organization and Indian Council of Medical Research recommendations, India approved a complete ban on EC in 2019. Even though it has been three years since the ban, EC is still being sold in India’s grey markets, where marketing is not regulated. In this narrative review, we discuss that vaping is not just a harm reduction strategy for tobacco smoking cessation but poses a serious threat to India’s existing tobacco control efforts as well as the health of the country’s young people.
Regulating Shared Employment in Post-Pandemic China
Authors: Lu Yi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During the pandemic, shared employment emerged as a market solution to balance the sudden imbalance in labor supply and demand. However, China’s current labor law system lacks clear and strong protection for shared employees, resulting in a mismatch with recent socioeconomic development. This paper highlights a fundamental issue in China’s labor law – the current regulatory system only recognizes the unitary employment relationship. This orientation deprives shared employees of full labor law protection under the protective principle. The paper analyzes two aspects of shared employment in China. First, it examines the evolution of the existing problematic labor law framework and why it fails to match China’s development. Second, this paper proposes basic principles for restructuring China’s labor law system to match its development. The paper concludes with three proposals, including theoretical and political repositioning towards the dual/multiple labor relations path, combining mandatory and autonomous norms to ensure worker protection, and safeguarding compensation for third parties.
Nanotechnology-based delivery systems to overcome drug resistance in cancer
Authors: Patel Harsh , Li Jiaxin , Bo Letao , Mehta Riddhi , Ashby Charles R. , Wang Shanzhi , Cai Wei , Chen Zhe-Sheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is defined as the application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials for the formulation of cancer therapeutics that can overcome the impediments and restrictions of traditional chemotherapeutics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells can be defined as a decrease or abrogation in the efficacy of anticancer drugs that have different molecular structures and mechanisms of action and is one of the primary causes of therapeutic failure. There have been successes in the development of cancer nanomedicine to overcome MDR; however, relatively few of these formulations have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. This is primarily due to the paucity of knowledge about nanotechnology and the fundamental biology of cancer cells. Here, we discuss the advances, types of nanomedicines, and the challenges regarding the translation of in vitro to in vivo results and their relevance to effective therapies.