bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-nuclei characterization of pervasive transcriptional signatures across organs in response to COVID-19
Authors:   The COVID Tissue Atlas Consortium, Granados Alejandro A , Bucher Simon , Song Hanbing , Agrawal Aditi , Chen Ann T , Peng Tien , Neff Norma , Pisco Angela Oliveira , Huang Franklin , Wang Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Background:Infection by coronavirus SARS-CoV2 is a severe and often deadly disease that has implications for the respiratory system and multiple organs across the human body. While the effects in the lung have been extensively studied, less is known about the impact COVID-19 has across other organs.Methods:Here, we contribute a single-nuclei RNA-sequencing atlas comprising six human organs across 20 autopsies where we analyzed the transcriptional changes due to COVID-19 in multiple cell types. The integration of data from multiple organs enabled the identification of systemic transcriptional changes.Results:Computational cross-organ analysis for endothelial cells and macrophages identified systemic transcriptional changes in these cell types in COVID-19 samples. In addition, analysis of gene modules showed enrichment of specific signaling pathways across multiple organs in COVID-19 autopsies.Conclusions:Altogether, the COVID Tissue Atlas enables the investigation of both cell type-specific and cross-organ transcriptional responses to COVID-19, providing insights into the molecular networks affected by the disease and highlighting novel potential targets for therapies and drug development.Funding:The Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative, The Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub.
Prevalence of Major Haemoparasites in Cattle at Department of Kounahiri, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Tiba Aristide , Soro Ouation Souleymane , Yéo Nawolo , Bi Zahouli Faustin Zouh , Monney Jacques Dahno , Karamoko Yahaya 
Published: October 2023

Aims: This study was initiated to inventory the various haemoparasites and assess their prevalence in animals in this department.
Place and Duration of Study: This work took place from May 2020 to December 2022 in the department of Kounahiri.
Methodology: 400 randomly selected cattle were used for the samples. Using a lancet, the ear was pricked to draw blood while immobilizing the animal. A drop was then placed on a slide and another slide was beveled at an angle of around 30° and brought into contact with the drop of blood. The smear is then taken on clean, dry slides. The smears are fixed in 95% methanol and stained with Giemsa diluted 1:10 in distilled water, then observed under a light microscope.
Results: The results showed that three types of blood parasites were identified through microscopic observations. The respective infection rates were 87.25% for Anaplasma, 64% for Babesia, and 21.75% for Theileria. Among the observed species of blood parasites, Anaplasma marginale was the most widespread with a significant infection prevalence of 77.5% in cattle. Furthermore, within all age groups, this pathogen (Anaplasma marginale) had the highest infection rate. The respective prevalence rates were 73.58% in cattle aged between 01-12 months, 78.90% in those of 13-24 months, and 78.92% in cattle aged more than 25 months. No difference in infection rates was observed based on the age of the animals. Additionally, no difference was detected in the seasonal distribution of Anaplasma marginale. The infection prevalencies during the two seasons were 73% at the beginning of the rainy season and 82% at the beginning of the dry season.
Conclusion: It will be essential to promote training for livestock farmers in terms of livestock health management.
Cost-Effectiveness of Antiobesity Drugs for Adolescents With Severe Obesity
Authors: Mital Shweta , Nguyen Hai V. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceAlthough the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended treatment with antiobesity drugs for adolescents, the cost-effectiveness of antiobesity drugs for this population is still unknown.ObjectiveTo quantify cost-effectiveness of different antiobesity drugs available for pediatric use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis economic evaluation used a Markov microsimulation model with health states defined by obesity levels. Effectiveness was measured by quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs were calculated from third-party payer perspective, estimated in 2023 US dollars over a 10-year horizon. Data were obtained from the published literature.InterventionAntiobesity drugs orlistat, liraglutide, semaglutide, and phentermine-topiramate vs no treatment. Metformin hydrochloride and 2 types of bariatric surgical procedures (sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass) were considered in sensitivity analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratio.ResultsAmong the 4 antiobesity drugs currently approved for pediatric use, phentermine-topiramate was the most cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $93 620 per QALY relative to no treatment in this simulated cohort of 10 000 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (mode, 15 years) with severe obesity (62% female). While semaglutide offered more QALYs than phentermine-topiramate, its higher cost resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ($1 079 480/QALY) that exceeded the commonly used willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY. Orlistat and liraglutide cost more and were less effective than phentermine-topiramate and semaglutide, respectively. Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass were more effective than phentermine-topiramate but were also more costly, rendering them not cost-effective compared with phentermine-topiramate at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this economic evaluation of weight loss drugs for adolescents with severe obesity, we found phentermine-topiramate to be a cost-effective treatment at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 to $150 000/QALY. Further research is needed to determine long-term drug efficacy and how long adolescents continue treatment.
Vision Testing for Adolescents in the US
Authors: Oke Isdin , Slopen Natalie , Hunter David G. , Wu Ann Chen 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceUntreated refractive error contributes to the racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in visual function of adolescent children in the US.ObjectiveTo describe patterns in vision testing as a function of age among US adolescents and identify sociodemographic factors associated with vision testing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (2018-2019), a nationally representative survey of the noninstitutionalized US pediatric population. A total of 24 752 adolescent children (aged 12 to &amp;lt;18 years) were included. Data were analyzed from March 22 to August 11, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the caregiver report of vision testing within the last 12 months. Linear regression was used to describe the patterns in reported vision testing as a function of participant age. Logistic regression was used to describe the association of sociodemographic factors with the report of vision testing in each setting.ResultsAmong 24 752 adolescents, the median (IQR) age was 14 (13-16) years; 12 918 (weighted, 51%) were male. Vision testing in any setting within the previous year was reported by caregivers of 18 621 adolescents (weighted, 74%). Vision testing was reported to have occurred at an eye clinic in 13 323 participants (weighted, 51%), at a primary care clinic in 5230 participants (weighted, 22%), at a school in 2594 participants (weighted, 11%), and at a health center in 635 participants (weighted, 4%). The percentage of adolescents reported to have vision tested decreased with age (−1.3% per year; 95% CI, −2.5% to 0% per year) due to a decrease in testing in primary care and school settings. After adjusting for age and sex, there were lower odds of vision testing reported for adolescents who were uninsured vs insured (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.87), had caregivers with less than vs greater than high school education (AOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95), and were from a family born outside vs inside the US (AOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, vision testing in adolescents decreased as a function of age due to fewer reported tests performed in primary care and school-based settings. Relative to children in socioeconomically advantaged families, those from disadvantaged families were less likely to report receiving vision testing in clinical settings. Efforts to expand the role of school-based vision testing for older adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds may enable opportunities to address disparities in untreated refractive error.
Comparative evaluation of a surface‐based respiratory monitoring system against a pressure sensor for 4DCT image reconstruction in phantoms
Authors: Qubala Abdallah , Shafee Jehad , Batista Vania , Liermann Jakob , Winter Marcus , Piro Daniel , Jäkel Oliver 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFour‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), which relies on breathing‐induced motion, requires realistic surrogate information of breathing variations to reconstruct the tumor trajectory and motion variability of normal tissues accurately. Therefore, the SimRT surface‐guided respiratory monitoring system has been installed on a Siemens CT scanner. This work evaluated the temporal and spatial accuracy of SimRT versus our commonly used pressure sensor, AZ‐733 V.A dynamic thorax phantom was used to reproduce regular and irregular breathing patterns acquired by SimRT and Anzai. Various parameters of the recorded breathing patterns, including mean absolute deviations (MAD), Pearson correlations (PC), and tagging precision, were investigated and compared to ground‐truth. Furthermore, 4DCT reconstructions were analyzed to assess the volume discrepancy, shape deformation and tumor trajectory.Compared to the ground‐truth, SimRT more precisely reproduced the breathing patterns with a MAD range of 0.37 ± 0.27 and 0.92 ± 1.02 mm versus Anzai with 1.75 ± 1.54 and 5.85 ± 3.61 mm for regular and irregular breathing patterns, respectively. Additionally, SimRT provided a more robust PC of 0.994 ± 0.009 and 0.936 ± 0.062 for all investigated breathing patterns. Further, the peak and valley recognition were found to be more accurate and stable using SimRT. The comparison of tumor trajectories revealed discrepancies up to 7.2 and 2.3 mm for Anzai and SimRT, respectively. Moreover, volume discrepancies up to 1.71 ± 1.62% and 1.24 ± 2.02% were found for both Anzai and SimRT, respectively.SimRT was validated across various breathing patterns and showed a more precise and stable breathing tracking, (i) independent of the amplitude and period, (ii) and without placing any physical devices on the patient's body. These findings resulted in a more accurate temporal and spatial accuracy, thus leading to a more realistic 4DCT reconstruction and breathing‐adapted treatment planning.
Effect of Immunosuppressive or Immunomodulatory Agents on Severe COVID‐19 Outcomes: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Marozoff Shelby , Tan Jeremiah , Lu Na , Kirmani Ayesha , Loree Jonathan M. , Xie Hui , Lacaille Diane , Kopec Jacek A. , Esdaile John M. , Corradetti Bonnie , Malone Peter , Koehn Cheryl L. , Mennell Philippa , Hoens Alison M. , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveWe estimated the association between immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agent (IIA) exposure and severe COVID‐19 outcomes in a population‐based cohort study.MethodsParticipants were 18 years or older, tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 between February 6, 2020, and August 15, 2021, and were from administrative health data for the entire province of British Columbia, Canada. IIA use within 3 months prior to positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test included conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (antimalarials, methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, individually), immunosuppressants (azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolate sodium [MMF], cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, individually and collectively), tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) biologics (adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, collectively), non‐TNFi biologics or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs) (rituximab separately from abatacept, anakinra, secukinumab, tocilizumab, tofacitinib and ustekinumab collectively), and glucocorticoids. Severe COVID‐19 outcomes were hospitalizations for COVID‐19, ICU admissions, and deaths within 60 days of a positive test. Exposure score–overlap weighting was used to balance baseline characteristics of participants with IIA use compared with nonuse of that IIA. Logistic regression measured the association between IIA use and severe COVID‐19 outcomes.ResultsFrom 147,301 participants, we identified 515 antimalarial, 573 methotrexate, 72 leflunomide, 180 sulfasalazine, 468 immunosuppressant, 378 TNFi biologic, 49 rituximab, 144 other non‐TNFi biologic or tsDMARD, and 1348 glucocorticoid prescriptions. Risk of hospitalizations for COVID‐19 was significantly greater for MMF (odds ratio [95% CI]): 2.82 [1.81‐4.40], all immunosuppressants: 2.08 [1.51‐2.87], and glucocorticoids: 1.63 [1.36‐1.96], relative to nonuse. Similar outcomes were seen for ICU admission and MMF: 2.52 [1.34‐4.74], immunosuppressants: 2.88 [1.73‐4.78], and glucocorticoids: 1.86 [1.37‐2.54]. Only glucocorticoids use was associated with a significant increase in 60‐day mortality: 1.58 [1.21‐2.06]. No other IIAs displayed statistically significant associations with severe COVID‐19 outcomes.ConclusionCurrent use of MMF and glucocorticoids were associated with an increased risk of severe COVID‐19 outcomes compared with nonuse. These results emphasize the variety of circumstances of patients taking IIAs.
A new class of fault recognition method for wind turbine systems based on deep learning
Authors: Wang Junnian , Liu Jun , Tong Pengcheng , Yu Wenxin , Wang Zhenheng 
Published: October 2023

SummaryConventional fault recognition algorithms can only recognize the classes of faults that have appeared in wind turbine systems. However, if a new category of faults appears, the traditional algorithm can only misclassify it into the class of pre‐existing faults. In this paper, a new class fault recognition method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, the initialized model is built using known fault data, including detectors and classifiers. Secondly, the new class fault data detected by the detectors are put into the cache, and when the cache overflows, the new class faults are augmented with data using generative adversarial networks. Finally, the new class fault data and the generated data are added to the initial training set, and the structure and weights of the initialized model are updated using the new training set. In this way, the purpose of recognizing the new class of faults is achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed detection algorithm can effectively detect new class faults and the model can efficiently solve the problem of the new class of fault recognition after data augmentation.
Prescribed‐time adaptive bipartite time‐varying formation tracking for multiple Lagrangian systems with arbitrary disturbance
Authors: Wang Meixue , Han Tao , Xiao Bo , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThis article focuses on the problem of bipartite time‐varying formation tracking for multiple Lagrangian systems with prescribed‐time adaptive sliding mode under the signed digraph. First, for each Lagrangian system, the local prescribed‐time disturbance estimator is proposed to estimate arbitrary disturbances in the prescribed time with the condition of bounded disturbances. Then the distributed prescribed‐time observers are designed to observe the position and velocity of the leader, and the consensus problem is transformed into bipartite formation tracking via introducing above observers. Based on designing two types of observers and disturbance estimators, a new prescribed‐time adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to ensure the tracking errors of the sliding mode surface converge to origin in a prescribed time. Ultimately, the feasibility of the provided results is further demonstrated through numerical simulation.
MLC1 Overexpression Inhibits Tumor Progression through PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wu Zonglin , Ni Jinliang , Zhang Houliang , Zhang Yifan , Lv Chengxun , Wang Yidi , Wang Keyi , Peng Bo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProstate cancer (PC) is a prevalent malignancy in males, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Despite MLC1 being established as a key mediator in tumor progression, its role in PC remains unexplored. This study aims to validate MLC1's anti‐tumor effects and uncover potential mechanisms. MLC1's clinical significance is assessed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression databases. MLC1 expression is significantly reduced in PC samples compared with the adjacent normal tissues. MLC1 expression correlates negatively with tumor metastasis and positively with the survival of patients with PC. In vitro, up‐regulating MLC1 effectively inhibits tumor progression by curtailing proliferation, infestation, and migration through the deactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conversely, down‐regulating MLC1 promotes PC progression, a phenomenon alleviated by the PI3K/AKT inhibitor, Gefitinib. Furthermore, the anti‐tumor function of MLC1 is corroborated by a reduction in tumor volume compared with the negative control in vivo. This study confirms the anti‐tumor effects of MLC1 via in vitro and in vivo experiments, demonstrating its potential mechanism of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Hybrid mRNA Nano Vaccine Potentiates Antigenic Peptide Presentation and Dendritic Cell Maturation for Effective Cancer Vaccine Therapy and Enhances Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Shi Lu , Yang Jingxing , Nie Ying , Huang Yizhou , Gu Hongchen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) represent great potential application, yet the insufficient tumor antigen presentation and immature dendritic cells hinder improved efficacy. Here, a hybrid nano vaccine composed by hyper branched poly(beta‐amino ester), modified iron oxide nano adjuvant and messenger RNA (mRNA) encoded with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is presented. The nano vaccine outperforms three commercialized reagents loaded with the same mRNA, including Lipofectamine MessengerMax, jetPRIME, and in vivo‐jetRNA in promoting dendritic cells’ transfection, maturation, and peptide presentation. In an OVA‐expressing murine model, intratumoral administration of the nano vaccine significantly induced macrophages and dendritic cells’ presenting peptides and expressing co‐stimulatory CD86. The nano vaccine also elicited strong antigen‐specific splenocyte response and promoted CD8+ T cell infiltration. In combination with ICB, the nano vaccine aroused robust tumor suppression in murine models with large tumor burdens (initial volume >300 mm3). The hybrid mRNA vaccine represents a versatile and readily transformable platform and augments response to ICB.
Noninvasive Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease with Scintillating Nanotubes
Authors: Senapati Sudipta , Secchi Valeria , Cova Francesca , Richman Michal , Villa Irene , Yehuda Ronen , Shenberger Yulia , Campione Marcello , Rahimipour Shai , Monguzzi Angelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective and accessible treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are urgently needed. Soluble Aβ oligomers are identified as neurotoxic species in AD and targeted in antibody‐based drug development to mitigate cognitive decline. However, controversy exists concerning their efficacy and safety. In this study, an alternative strategy is proposed to inhibit the formation of Aβ oligomers by selectively oxidizing specific amino acids in the Aβ sequence, thereby preventing its aggregation. Targeted oxidation is achieved using biocompatible and blood‐brain barrier‐permeable multicomponent nanoscintillators that generate singlet oxygen upon X‐ray interaction. Surface‐modified scintillators interact selectively with Aβ and, upon X‐ray irradiation, inhibit the formation of neurotoxic aggregates both in vitro and in vivo. Feeding transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human Aβ with the nanoscintillators and subsequent irradiation with soft X‐ray reduces Aβ oligomer levels, extends lifespan, and restores memory and behavioral deficits. These findings support the potential of X‐ray‐based therapy for AD and warrant further development.
Ultrasound‐Driven Non‐Metallic Fenton‐Active Center Construction for Extensive Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wu Jiyue , Meng Yun , Wu Fan , Shi Jieyun , Sun Qingwen , Jiang Xingwu , Liu Yanyan , Zhao Peiran , Wang Qiao , Guo Lehang , Wu Yelin , Zheng Xiangpeng , Bu Wenbo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging tumor microenvironment‐responsive cancer therapeutic strategy based on Fenton/Fenton‐like reactions. However, the effectiveness of CDT is subject to the slow kinetic rate and non‐homogeneous distribution of H2O2. In this study, a conceptual non‐metallic “Fenton‐active” center construction strategy is proposed to enhance CDT efficiency using Bi0.44Ba0.06Na0.5TiO2.97 (BNBT‐6) nanocrystals. The separated charge carriers under a piezoelectric‐induced electric field synchronize the oxidation of H2O and reduction of H2O2, which consequently increases hydroxyl radical (·OH) yield even under low H2O2 levels. Moreover, acceptor doping induces electron‐rich oxygen vacancies to facilitate the dissociation of H2O2 and H2O and further promote ·OH generation. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that BNBT‐6 induces extensive intracellular oxidative stress and enhances cell‐killing efficiency by activating necroptosis in addition to the conventional apoptotic pathway. This study proposes a novel design approach for nanomaterials used in CDT and presents a new treatment strategy for apoptosis‐resistant tumors.
Low‐Dimensional Phase Distribution of Quasi‐2D Perovskites Induced by Interfacial Effect Enables Efficient Blue Lighting‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xu Linlin , Wu Zhixian , Jiang Chunli , Liu Mengqin , Li Bo , Lin Hechun , Liu Weimin , Peng Hui , Luo Chunhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough tremendous advances have recently been achieved in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), development of the blue PeLEDs needed to achieve full‐color displays is far behind the red and green counterparts. Here, a simple and effective interface engineering strategy is reported to achieve efficient blue PeLEDs by modifying poly(3, 4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic (PEDOT:PSS) substrate with an amphiprotic molecule glycine. As a multifunctional additive, glycine can not only modulate the pH of PEDOT:PSS, but also trigger strong interfacial effect. Cooperative coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions between glycine and perovskite at the interface can passivate the interfacial defects and manipulate upper perovskite crystallization. Therefore, high‐quality perovskite films with grade‐distributed phases are obtained, enabling efficient cascade energy transfer and suppression of leakage current. The resulting PeLED exhibits the electroluminescence (EL) peak at 473 nm with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.2%, which is ≈5.5 times that of the unmodified device. Realizing the regulation of low‐dimensional phase distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites through interfacial effect provides a reliable way to fabricate efficient blue PeLEDs.