bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of silane agents and poly(propylene‐g‐maleic anhydride) copolymer as adhesion promoters in glass fiber/polypropylene composites
Authors: Bikiaris D. , Matzinos P. , Larena A. , Flaris V. , Panayiotou C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo organofunctional silanes and a copolymer were used to increase the interfacial adhesion in glass fiber polypropylene (PP) reinforced composites. The performance of the coupling agents was investigated by means of mechanical property measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis. The increased adhesion between the glass fibers and PP matrix observed with SEM resulted in an improvement of the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites. Coupling achieved with the copolymer poly(propylene‐g‐maleic anhydride) (PP‐g‐MA) proved to be the most successful compared with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The combination of PP‐g‐MA with the silanes resulted in further property improvements because of the ability of the MA groups to react with the amino groups of the silanes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 701–709, 2001
Effects of ABS‐g‐MAH on mechanical properties and compatibility of ABS/PC alloy
Authors: Zhang Xiangfu , Chen Yusheng , Zhang Yong , Peng Zonglin , Zhang Yinxi , Zhou Wen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of a compatibilizer, namely, an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) grafted with maleic anhydrade (MAH) (ABS‐g‐MAH), on the mechanical properties and morphology of an ABS/polycarbonate (PC) alloy were studied The results showed that a small quantity of ABS‐g‐MAH has a very good influence on the notched Izod impact strength of the ABS/PC alloy without compromising other properties such as the tensile strength, flexural strength, and Vicat softening temperature (VST). The impact strength of the ABS/PC alloy, to a great extent, depends on the loading of ABS‐g‐MAH and the degree of grafting (DG) of MAH in the ABS‐g‐MAH. DSC analysis and SEM observation confirmed that ABS‐g‐MAH could significantly improve the compatibility of the ABS/PC alloy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 831–836, 2001
Solvent‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives for PVC sign and marking films
Authors: Czech Zbigniew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article shows the influence of parameters such as acrylic acid, initiator content, molecular mass, viscosity, content of methyl acrylate, content of ethyl acrylate, and content of N‐vinyl caprolactam on such important parameters of pressure‐sensitive adhesives as shrinkage, plasticity, adhesion to the steel, and deformation. Pressure‐sensitive adhesives based on acrylic polymers and containing 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and N‐vinyl caprolactam are used for production of self‐adhesives containing polyvinyl chloride carrier. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3212–3219, 2001
Water–alcohol separation by pervaporation through zeolite‐modified poly(amidesulfonamide)
Authors: He Xumin , Chan Wing‐Hong , Ng Ching‐Fai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPervaporation membranes were fabricated by blending different amount of zeolite NaA or NaX with three types of poly(amidesulfonamide) (PASA). The zeolite‐filled membranes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, SEM, sorption measurements, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. By adding the proper amount of NaA into the polymer casting solutions, the resultant zeolite‐filled membranes exhibited improvement in both selectivity and permeability in the separation of 10% aqueous solutions of ethanol and propan‐1‐ol, as compared with the zeolite free membrane. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1323–1329, 2001
Rheology, morphology, and mechanical and thermal properties of recycled PVC pipes
Authors: Sombatsompop N. , Thongsang S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article demonstrated the possibility of recycling PVC pipes by investigating the effect of adding PVC pipes (varying from 0 to 80 % wt) into two commercial PVC virgin grades on the rheological, morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the PVC blends. The results obtained showed an increase in the melt viscosity and no change in the die swell ratio as the concentration of the recycled PVC was increased. The die swell ratio was observed to increase with temperature, this being associated with the presence of gelation that occurred at high temperature. The optimum tensile and impact strengths were detected, the impact strength being explained by use of SEM micrographs of the fracture surface. The hardness result corresponded well to the density of the compounds. The glass transition, degradation, and heat‐deflection temperatures were also found to shift with the recycled PVC loading. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2478–2486, 2001
Preparation and separation properties of polyamide nanofiltration membrane
Authors: Chen Shih‐Hsiung , Chang Dong‐Jang , Liou Rey‐May , Hsu Ching‐Shan , Lin Shiow‐Shyung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUtilizing an interfacial polymerization technique for the preparation of a polymeric composite nanofiltration membrane, both high permeation flux of water and high salt rejection can be achieved. Synthesis conditions, such as concentration of monomer, reaction time, and swelling agent, significantly affected the separation performance of composite membranes. The composite polyamide membrane had a permeation rate of ∼2–5 gallon/ft2/day (gfd) and a salt rejection rate of ∼94–99% when 2000 ppm aqueous salt solution was fed at 200 psi and 25°C. Also, a higher performance nanofiltration membrane could be prepared by suitably swelling the support matrix in the period of polymerization. The results of various feed concentrations showed that permeate flux decreased with increasing salt concentration in the feed solution. This result may be due to concentration polarization on the surface of polyamide membranes. The separation performance of polyamide membranes showed an almost independent relationship with operation pressure until it was up to 200 psi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1112–1118, 2002
In situ pultrusion of urea–formaldehyde matrix composites. I. Processability, kinetic analysis, and dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Chen Chin‐Hsing , Lue Jun‐Yi , Yen Chih‐Chao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe conducted a feasibility study on the pultrusion of a glass‐fiber‐reinforced urea–formaldehyde (UF) composite using a proprietary method. The UF prepolymer synthesized in this study was prepared from blends of UF monomer and a curing agent (NH4Cl).The process feasibility, kinetic analysis, and dynamic mechanical properties of the glass‐fiber‐reinforced UF composites by pultrusion were investigated. From investigations of the long pot life of the UF prepolymer, the high reactivity of the UF prepolymer, and excellent fiber wet‐out, we found that the UF resin showed excellent process feasibility for pultrusion. A kinetic model, dα/dt = A exp(−E/RT)αm(1 − α)n, is proposed to describe the curing behavior of a UF resin. Kinetic parameters for the model were obtained from dynamic differential scanning calorimetry scans with a multiple‐regression technique. The dynamic storage modulus of the pultruded‐glass‐fiber‐reinforced UF composites increased with increasing die temperature, filler content and glass‐fiber content and with decreasing pulling rate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1242–1251, 2002
Immobilization of invertase onto crosslinked poly(p‐chloromethylstyrene) beads
Authors: Bahar T. , Tuncel A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInvertase was immobilized onto poly(p‐chloromethylstyrene) (PCMS) beads that were produced by a suspension polymerization with an average size of 186 μm. The beads had a nonporous but reasonably rough surface. Because of this, a reasonably large external surface area (i.e., 14.1 m2/g) could be achieved with the proposed carrier. A two‐step functionalization protocol was followed for the covalent attachment of invertase onto the bead surface. For this purpose, a polymeric ligand that carried amine groups, polyethylenimine (PEI), was covalently attached onto the bead surface by a direct chemical reaction. Next, the free amine groups of PEI were activated by glutaraldehyde. Invertase was covalently attached onto the bead surface via the direct chemical reaction between aldehyde and amine groups. The appropriate enzyme binding conditions and the batch‐reactor performance of the immobilized enzyme system were investigated. Under optimum immobilization conditions, 19 mg of invertase was immobilized onto each gram of beads with 80% retained activity after immobilization. The effects of pH and temperature on the immobilized invertase activity were determined and compared with the free enzyme. The kinetic parameters KM and VM were determined with the Michealis–Menten model. KM of immobilized invertase was 1.75 folds higher than that of the free invertase. The immobilization caused a significant improvement in the thermal stability of invertase, especially in the range of 55–65°C. No significant internal diffusion limitation was detected in the immobilized enzyme system, probably due to the surface morphology of the selected carrier. This result was confirmed by the determination of the activation energies of both free and immobilized invertases. The activity half‐life of the immobilized invertase was approximately 5 times longer than that of the free enzyme. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1268–1279, 2002
Changing distribution of monoaminergic markers in the developing human cerebral cortex with special emphasis on the serotonin transporter
Authors: Verney Catherine , Lebrand Cécile , Gaspar Patricia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article reviews the current knowledge of the early onset of the monoaminergic innervation in the developing cerebral cortex in humans and of changes in the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in different neuronal populations of the developing telencephalon. The early genesis of the central monoaminergic neurons in mammals has led to postulations of a trophic role of monoamines in brain morphogenesis—especially in the cerebral cortex. The developmental effects of amines can be linked to the transient expression of different molecules linked to dopamine or serotonin neurotransmission. We present novel data on the immunocytochemistry of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) and of the high‐affinity serotonin transporter (SERT) in human fetuses. SERT is a marker of the serotoninergic axons and allows visualization of the serotonin afferents of the raphe in the human telencephalon. In addition, during a restricted time period corresponding to 12–14 postovulatory weeks, we found SERT‐immunolabeled fibers in the rostral and caudal limbs of the internal capsule that do not correspond to serotoninergic fibers, but do coincide with the calbindin D28k‐labeled thalamocortical fiber tracts. The present observations are correlated with findings in rodents, in which a transient expression of SERT is visible in the thalamocortical axons during early postnatal life. The function of this transporter has been shown to be important for the fine‐tuning of cortical sensory maps during the critical period of development of these maps. Although the present observation does not allow ascertainment of which neurons transiently express SERT, it lends support to the notion that serotonin and serotonin uptake could have important developmental roles, during the formation of brain connections in humans, as they have in rodents. Anat Rec 267:87–93, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic lymphatic system in rodents
Authors: Regoli Marì , Bertelli Eugenio , Orazioli Daniela , Fonzi Luciano , Bastianini Arnaldo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe lymphatic network of the pancreas has been little investigated and recent studies have provided contrasting data. This research is aimed to supply the morphologic basis to outline the involvement of the lymphatic system in pancreatic pathology. Guinea pigs, rats, and mice were anesthetized with ether and sacrificed with the same anesthetic. Pieces of pancreas were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Semithin sections were observed by light microscopy and, after positive identification by transmission electron microscopy, lymphatics were followed with long series of consecutive sections to define their distribution. Lymphatics were detected in the pancreas of all the animals both in the inter and the intralobular sites. Closer relations with the exocrine parenchyma (ducts and acini) were observed in guinea pig pancreas. Remarkably, interesting relationships between lymphatics and endocrine tissue were observed in all the animals. Overall, however, the lymphatic network of rat pancreas was less develop and preferentially associated with blood vessels. The distribution of the pancreatic lymphatic network appears consistent with an active role in pancreatic pathology. Anat Rec 263:155–160, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injectable gels for tissue engineering
Authors: Gutowska Anna , Jeong Byeongmoon , Jasionowski Marek 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, tissue engineering approaches using injectable, in situ gel forming systems have been reported. In this review, the gelation processes and several injectable systems that exhibit in situ gel formation at physiological conditions are discussed. Applications of selected injectable systems (alginate, chitosan, hyaluronan, polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide) in tissue engineering are also described. Injectable polymer formulation can gel in vivo in response to temperature change (thermal gelation), pH change, ionic cross‐linking, or solvent exchange. Kinetics of gelation is directly affected by its mechanism. Injectable formulations offer specific advantages over preformed scaffolds such as: possibility of a minimally invasive implantation, an ability to fill a desired shape, and easy incorporation of various therapeutic agents. Several factors need to be considered before an injectable gel can be selected as a candidate for tissue engineering applications. Apart from tissue‐specific cell–matrix interactions, the following gel properties need to be considered: gelation kinetics, matrix resorption rate, possible toxicity of degradation products and their elimination routes, and finally possible interference of the gel matrix with histogenesis. Anat Rec 263:342–349, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue engineering in the cardiovascular system: Progress toward a tissue engineered heart
Authors: Mann Brenda K. , West Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAchieving the lofty goal of developing a tissue engineered heart will likely rely on progress in engineering the various components: blood vessels, heart valves, and cardiac muscle. Advances in tissue engineered vascular grafts have shown the most progress to date. Research in tissue‐engineered vascular grafts has focused on improving scaffold design, including mechanical properties and bioactivity; genetically engineering cells to improve graft performance; and optimizing tissue formation through in vitro mechanical conditioning. Some of these same approaches have been used in developing tissue engineering heart valves and cardiac muscle as well. Continued advances in scaffold technology and a greater understanding of vascular cell biology along with collaboration among engineers, scientists, and physicians will lead to further progress in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering and ultimately the development of a tissue‐engineered heart. Anat Rec 263:367–371, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral nerve injury: A review and approach to tissue engineered constructs
Authors: Evans Gregory R.D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEleven thousand Americans each year are affected by paralysis, a devastating injury that possesses associated annual costs of $7 billion (American Paralysis Association, 1997). Currently, there is no effective treatment for damage to the central nervous system (CNS), and acute spinal cord injury has been extraordinarily resistant to treatment. Compared to spinal cord injury, damage to peripheral nerves is considerably more common. In 1995, there were in excess of 50,000 peripheral nerve repair procedures performed. (National Center for Health Statistics based on Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification for the following categories: ICD‐9 CM Code: 04.3, 04.5, 04.6, 04.7). These data, however, probably underestimate the number of nerve injuries appreciated, as not all surgical or traumatic lesions can be repaired. Further, intraabodominal procedures may add to the number of neurologic injuries by damage to the autonomic system through tumor resection. For example, studies assessing the outcome of impotency following radical prostatectomy demonstrated 212 of 503 previously potent men (42%) suffered impotency when partial or complete resection of one or both cavernosal nerve(s). This impotency rate decreased to 24% when the nerves were left intact (Quinlan et al., J. Urol. 1991;145:380–383; J. Urol. 1991;145:998–1002). Anat Rec 263:396–404, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the synergist, piperonyl butoxide, on the development of deltamethrin resistance in yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Kumar Sarita , Thomas Anita , Sahgal Arunima , Verma Anita , Samuel Thomas , Pillai M.K.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti were tested for the potential to develop resistance to the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, alone or a combination of deltamethrin with the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Although continuous larval selection for 40 generations resulted in 703‐fold resistance, the resistance ratio in the adults was only 1.3. Similarly, adult selections with deltamethrin showed a resistance ratio of less than four after 40 generations, indicating differential response to deltamethrin selection in the two developmental stages of the insect. When the susceptible larvae were subjected to selection pressure of deltamethrin and PBO in the ratio of 1:5 for 20 generations, the speed of selection for deltamethrin resistance slowed down by 60%. The F24 larvae obtained from the strain selected with deltamethrin alone were further subjected to selection pressure with synergized deltamethrin, which resulted in 89% reversal in deltamethrin resistance in just one generation. However, long‐term selection with the insecticide‐synergist combination returned resistance close to original levels in 15 generations. The data indicate the involvement of cytochrome P450‐dependent detoxification as the primary mechanism of development of resistance to deltamethrin in the larvae. Implications of the results on the management of larval and adult stages of Ae. aegypti are discussed.Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 50:1–8, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Schlumberger array—potential and pitfalls in archaeological prospection
Authors: Aspinall A. , Gaffney C. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe orientation‐sensitive performance of the Schlumberger array, when used to survey narrow, linear features, has long been recognized in geophysical prospecting for geology. However, in spite of frequent use of the array for archaeological survey, particularly in eastern Europe and the Far East, this directional effect is not apparent in the survey of walls and ditches. In order to examine the array's performance some experiments were carried out in a shallow electrolytic tank using insulating and conducting cylinders. Broadside and longitudinal traverses with systematic expansion of the current electrode spacing facilitated the production of pseudosections. The results confirmed the high selectivity of the Schlumberger response to the orientation of the feature. Broadside traverse of the conductor and longitudinal traverse of the insulator produced very large changes: much smaller signals were recorded for the alternative orientations. A subsequent experiment, however, on a simulated ditch in bedrock revealed no signal. The directional effect for a linear insulator was confirmed in field studies of a simple stone‐walled structure. Implications for survey of low‐contrast linear archaeological features are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiphospholipid antibodies induced in mice by immunization with a cytomegalovirus‐derived peptide cause thrombosis and activation of endothelial cells in vivo
Authors: Gharavi Azzudin E. , Pierangeli Silvia S. , Espinola Ricardo G. , Liu Xiaowei , Colden‐Stanfield Margaret , Harris E. Nigel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the binding and functional properties of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) induced by immunization with a viral peptide and to determine whether aPL are pathogenic in vivo.MethodsTen murine monoclonal aPL were generated from spleen cells of PL/J mice immunized with TIFI, a phospholipid‐binding peptide spanning Thr101–Thr120 of ULB0‐HCMVA from human cytomegalovirus (CMV), which shares structural similarity with the phospholipid‐binding site of β2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI).ResultsThe antibodies generated had aPL activity that was inhibited by cardiolipin liposomes, and this inhibition was enhanced in the presence of β2GPI. Some of the antibodies exhibited binding to cultured endothelial cells in vitro, and some had lupus anticoagulant activity. Injection with 2 of the monoclonal aPL in mice resulted in a significant increase in the number of leukocytes adhering to endothelial cells and enhanced thrombus formation in vivo.ConclusionThese results indicate that aPL induced by immunization with a phospholipid‐binding CMV peptide are pathogenic in vivo. The results also suggest a mechanism (molecular mimicry) by which pathogenic aPL may be generated in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Experience with etanercept in an academic medical center: Are infection rates increased?
Authors: Phillips Kristine , Husni M. Elaine , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Coblyn Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesThere is little established information regarding the safety of antitumor necrosis factor therapies used outside the setting of clinical trials. This study evaluated the long‐term safety and tolerability of open‐label use of etanercept when used to treat patients with a variety of systemic rheumatic diseases. Reduction of concomitant corticosteroid and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug was also assessed.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of 180 patients who were started on etanercept between December 1998 and April 2000 at an academic medical center.ResultsMost patients (81%) remained on therapy for longer than 6 months, and a significant number (43%) of patients for longer than 12 months. Etanercept was prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 144 patients and for diseases other than RA, including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and polymyositis, in 36 patients. Fifty‐six percent of patients taking corticosteroids were able to reduce their dose and 51% of patients were able to taper their methotrexate dosages. Forty‐three patients (26%) discontinued etanercept. Reasons for discontinuing therapy included serious adverse events (2.9%), of which infection was most common. These included a psoas abscess secondary to Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare, septic wrist, bacteremia, and septic total hip replacement. Two deaths associated with infection were seen.ConclusionsThe majority of the studied patients tolerated etanercept for longer than 6 months. Many of these patients were able to subsequently taper or even discontinue corticosteroid and methotrexate therapy. Serious infections occurred in this patient population. Our results underscore the value of long‐term observation under the conditions of clinical practice beyond controlled clinical trials.