bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LAPAROSCOPIC FOLLOW‐UP OF PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN CARCINOMA
Authors: Quinn M. A. , Bishop G. J. , Campbell J. J. , Rodgerson J. , Pepperell R. J 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLaparoscopy with cytology of ascitic fluid or peritoneal washings was performed on 110 occasions in 62 patients with ovarian cancer to assess response to chemotherapy. Damage to bowel occurred on three occasions and complete visualisation of the peritoneal cavity was not possible in 14 patients. When tumour was seen and/or cytology was positive, the prognosis was poor; absence of macroscopic tumour with negative cytology did not preclude continuing disease. A group of patients was identified in whom a change of therapy based on laparoscopic findings after six months of treatment, might have proven beneficial. Laparoscopy has a limited place as a second‐look procedure in patients undergoing treatment for carcinoma of the ovary.
REDUCTION OF MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSS BY DANAZOL IN UNEXPLAINED MENORRHAGIA: LACK OF EFFECT OF PLACEBO
Authors: Chimbira T. H. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Naish C. , Cope E. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn women with menorrhagia of unknown cause, the efficacy of the drug danazol in reducing heavy menstrual blood loss was investigated making objective measurements of menstrual blood loss. Drug regimens tested were daily administration of 200 or 100 mg danazol for 12 weeks and daily danazol given in the luteal phase or during menstruation. The results suggest that 200 mg danazol daily is the most acceptable regimen clinically since it significantly reduced menstrual blood loss and was associated with a relatively low incidence of side effects. In 16 women on this dose menstrual blood loss was suppressed from a mean pre‐treatment loss of 183±25ml to 38±11 ml (p<0.01) in the second, and 26±9 ml (p<0.01)in the third treatment months. The majority of women had regular episodes of bleeding with no alteration in cycle length and a reduction in the number of days of bleeding. Although 100 mg daily suppressed menstrual blood loss, particularly by the third month of treatment, it increased the number of episodes of bleeding in some women which they found unacceptable. Both 200 mg and 100 mg relieved dysmenorrhoea in the majority of women presenting with the symptoms. Danazol taken daily in the early follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle did not significantly alter menstrual blood loss. There was no effect of placebo therapy on measured menstrual blood loss in a single blind trial in eight women with menorrhagia.
MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM WITH 17α‐HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Abad L. , Parrilla J. J. , Marcos J. , Gimeno F. , Bernal A. Loapez 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of male pseudohermaphroditism with 17α‐hydroxylase deficiency is reported in a 23‐year‐old woman presenting with primary amenorrhoea and a history of bilateral inguinal hernia repair. She was tall, had hypoplastic external genitalia with a blood pressure of 220/140 mm Hg. Her karyotype was XY. Acute adrenal failure occurred following exploratory laparotomy. After treatment with gluco‐corticoids and oestrogens, the hormone and electrolyte profiles returned to normal and the blood pressure fell. The biochemical implications of this enzyme deficiency are discussed.
24‐HOUR CREATININE CLEARANCE DURING THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Davison J. M. , Dunlop W. , Ezimokhai M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial changes in 24‐hour creatinine clearance were determined in 10 healthy women during late pregnancy and after the puerperium. A decrease occurred in all subjects during the six weeks preceding delivery, so that mean values for the last three weeks of pregnancy did not differ from the non‐pregnant mean. Possible reasons for this phenomenon and its clinical implications are discussed.
UTERINE ACTIVITY PLOTTED ON AN INDUCTOGRAPH AS AN AID TO MANAGEMENT OF LABOUR
Authors: Gee H. , Beazley J. M 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBy combining uterine activity data with an ‘inductograph’ it is possible to distinguish between normal progress and at least three different types of delayed progress during the early stage of stimulated labour. Delayed progress may be associated with optimal, insufficient or, sometimes, excessive uterine activity. The patterns described facilitate early recognition and management of clinical problems such as cephalopelvic disproportion, undue cervical resistance, inadequate myometrial activity, and impending fetal distress.
SALBUTAMOL AND KETONURIA IN PREGNANCY CASE REPORT
Authors: Scarpello J. H. B. , Phillips P. J , Connor H. , Woods H. F , Ward J. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient is described who had heavy ketonuria without associated glycosuria during treatment with salbutamol in pregnancy. Blood glucose and ketone concentrations were normal while urine secretion of ketone bodies was increased. This suggests that ketonuria resulted from an altered renal threshold rather than a change in intermediary metabolism. Plasma ketone concentration should be measured before stopping salbutamol on the basis of ketonuria alone.
TRANSCUTANEOUS FETAL OXYGEN TENSION AND FETAL HEAR RATE PATTERN PRECEDING FETAL DEATH CASE REPORT
Authors: Weber T. , Secher N. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySimultaneous cardiotocography (CTG) and transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) measurements were made in a pregnancy complicated by membrane rupture and cord prolapse at 27 weeks gestation. A Caesarean section was not done because the fetus was judged to have little chance of survival and to be at very high risk of severe brain damage if it did. The fetus weighed 830 g and the CTG changes preceding fetal death were similar to those described by others. The tcPO2 was zero for periods of a few seconds to 20 minutes at 1 to 2 hours before fetal death, and the tcPO2 was constantly zero during the last 50 minutes of fetal life. Tracings showing the tcPO2/CTG changes preceding fetal death are reproduced.
ORIGIN OF PERITONEAL FLUID IN WOMEN: AN OVARIAN EXUDATION PRODUCT
Authors: Koninckx P. R. , Renaer M. , Brosens I. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe volume of peritoneal fluid was measured after laparoscopic aspiration in 303 women. Contamination with blood was estimated at 4.2 per cent by haemoglobin assay. In 120 women with regular menstrual cycles, the volume of peritoneal fluid increased progressively during the follicular phase, was highest during the early luteal phase (20.0±6.3 ml) and declined thereafter. In 89 women with moderate and mild endometriosis the amounts of peritoneal fluid were similar, but 9 women with severe endometriosis had lower (P<0.05) volumes during the luteal phase. Women with inactive ovaries had uniformly low amounts of peritoneal fluid: 4.2±2.3 ml in 31 women taking combined oral contraceptive pills; 4.7±5.8 ml in 17 women taking 5 mg of lynoestrenol daily and 1.2±1.9 ml in 20 postmenopausal women with an inactive endometrium. In contrast, two postmenopausal women with proliferative endometrium had 7 and 10 ml of peritoneal fluid. Women with active ovaries, 5 with absent or distally occluded Fallopian tubes and 7 without a uterus had normal amounts of peritoneal fluid. The volume of peritoneal fluid was not affected by pelvic varicose veins, a visible corpus luteum or an ovulation stigma. Peritoneal fluid appears to be predominantly an ovarian exudate, neither an exudate from the pelvic peritoneum nor a tubal secretion.
FETAL MOVEMENT PATTERNS IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Van Dongen L. G. R. , Goudie Elizabeth G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFetal movements were examined at various ages during the first trimester of pregnancy in 46 patients. Characteristic types and patterns of movement were found to relate to the age of the fetus. By 10 to 12 weeks, a full range of movements had developed and the movement patterns then closely resembled those normally found in the second and third trimesters of normal pregnancy.
A STUDY OF INVESTIGATIONS USED TO PREDICT OUTCOME OF PREGNANCY AFTER THREATENED ABORTION
Authors: Duff G. B , Evans J. J. , Legge M. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySixty‐nine patients who presented with threatened abortion had a number of investigations aimed at providing information with which to predict pregnancy outcome. Ultrasound examination, and measurement of plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels were all significantly more accurate in predicting the pregnancy outcome than clinical examination. Measurements of plasma levels of β1‐glycoprotein, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), beta subunit human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), cystyl aminopeptidase, and human placental lactogen (hPL) also appeared better than clinical examination but the differences did not reach statistical significance while measurement of hCG levels in early morning urine were less accurate than clinical examination.
BURSTING PRESSURE AND COLLAGEN CONTENT OF FETAL MEMBRANES AND THEIR RELATION TO PREMATURE RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES
Authors: Al‐Zaid N. S , Bou‐Resli M. N , Goldspink G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe collagen content and the bursting pressure of human fetal membranes was measured for full term spontaneously ruptured, full term artificially ruptured and prematurely ruptured membranes. The bursting pressure of the prematurely ruptured membranes was significantly higher than the membranes which ruptured spontaneously at term. No significant difference was found in the collagen contents.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE VILLI AND FETAL CAPILLARIES IN PLACENTAS FROM SMOKING AND NONSMOKING MOTHERS
Authors: Asmussen I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe ultrastructure of placental villi from 10 heavy smokers (10≥cigarettes per day) was compared with that of 16 nonsmokers (never smoked). Thickening of the basement membrane and increase in collagen content of the villous stroma was found. The fetal capillaries were fewer in number and with decreased lumen either due to oedema or contraction of the endothelial cells. All cells, both in the fetal capillaries as well as syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast contained large amounts of filaments and fibrillae possibly capable of cell contraction. Thus a result of these findings might be a decreased placental flow in smokers.
THE ABDOMINAL COCOON CASE REPORT
Authors: Marinho A. , Adelusi B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA girl of 17 is described who presented, six weeks after the end of her first pregnancy, with intermittent abdominal pain and an abdominal mass due to encasement of the terminal ileum in a ‘cocoon’ of fibrous tissue. The cocoon was excised and the patient did well. The aetiology and management of this condition are briefly discussed.
THE USE OF FOLEY'S CATHETER IN RIPENING THE UNFAVOURABLE CERVIX PRIOR TO INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Ezimokhai M. , Nwabineli J. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFoley's catheter was used to ripen the cervix prior to induction of labour in 21 primigravidae and the results compared with those obtained using 5 mg of prostaglandin E2 in vaginal gel in another group of 14 primigravidae. The improvement in cervical score and outcome of induction of labour was similar in both groups. There were no complications attributable to the use of these agents. Foley's catheter is easy to use, cheap and readily available.
THE USE OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 ANALOGUE PESSARIES IN PATIENTS HAVING FIRST TRIMESTER INDUCED ABORTIONS
Authors: Nakano R. , Hata H. , Sasaki K. , Yamoto M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA new prostaglandin analogue, 16, 16‐dimethyl‐trans‐Δ2‐PGE1 methyl ester (16 me E1) was used for preoperative cervical dilatation in 23 pregnant women who had abortion induced for socio‐economical reasons in the first trimester of pregnancy. A single vaginal pessary containing 1 mg 16 me E1was inserted into the posterior fornix at 3‐hour intervals. Thirteen (56.5 per cent) of the 23 patients had complete abortions and two patients (8.7 per cent) had incomplete abortions. In six patients (26.1 per cent) the cervix was dilated to at least 10 mm and the remaining two patients (8.7 per cent) required mechanical dilatation at the time of vacuum evacuation. Apart from mild gastrointestinal symptoms, no serious side effects were noted. It is concluded that the new prostaglandin analogue, 16 me E1, could be used safely and effectively for preoperative dilatation of the cervix before surgical abortion in early pregnancy.
PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE OF THE USE OF MEPTAZINOL AS AN OBSTETRIC ANALGESIC
Authors: Jackson M. B. A. , Robson P. J 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFollowing an open pilot trial, meptazinol [m(3‐ethyl‐l‐methyl‐hexahydro‐l‐H‐azepin‐3‐yl) phenol hydrochloride] was compared to pethidine in a single‐blind study in women requiring analgesia during labour. Meptazinol provided significantly better analgesia than pethidine with similar but possibly less distressing maternal side effects. There were no obvious adverse effects in the newborn.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5 IN THE MOTHER: RELATION TO BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: Obiekwe B. C , Grudzinskas J. G , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 914 blood samples was obtained from an unselected population of 400 women between 36 and 40 weeks gestation. Serum PP5 levels were measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. After ranking of PP5 levels and birth weight the value of serum PP5 in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation was examined. The sensitivity, predictive value, and specificity of the test were 17.07, 16.66, and 90.25 per cent respectively; these results suggest that serum PP5 levels are less accurate than other biochemical parameters in the identification of fetal growth retardation in late pregnancy.
LONG TERM RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF CERVIX
Authors: Jolles B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn this survey of 602 patients treated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix during the period 1944–1968 (with a 100 per cent follow‐up) survival rates at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after radiotherapy were 41, 28, 18 and 11 per cent. The crude five‐year cure rate of over 70 per cent for Stage I and 58 per cent for Stage II cases and an overall five‐year survival rate of 42 per cent for all stages compares favourably with results published from other institutions in the United Kingdom.
COLPOSCOPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PREGNANT PATIENT WITH ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY
Authors: Kirkup W. , Singer A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty patients with abnormal cervical cytology had a colposcopy during pregnancy. Their management during and after pregnancy is described and supports the contention that the introduction of a colposcopy service safely permits a greater selectivity in management without recourse to operative intervention during pregnancy. In one patient a preclinical invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix was diagnosed by colposcopy, and in another three, in whom colposcopy could not exclude the presence of invasion, a wedge biopsy under anaesthesia and two punch biopsies without anaesthesia had to be performed. In the remaining 26 patients, the possibility of invasion could be excluded by colposcopy and further treatment deferred until after pregnancy.
SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY INDUCED BY HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN IN A PATIENT WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY AND PRIMARY AMENORRHOEA: CASE REPORT
Authors: Cassar J. , Verco C. J , Joplin G. F 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient with growth hormone deficiency and primary amenorrhoea became pregnant with the help of human menopausal gonadotrophin. Pregnancy was complicated only by abdominal discomfort due to her very small stature and by moderate oedema. She was delivered of healthy female twins by lower segment Caesarean section at the 37th week.
VESICO‐UTERINE FISTULA TREATED BY AMENORRHOEA INDUCED WITH CONTRACEPTIVE STEROIDS. TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: Rubino S. M 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo women with vesico‐uterine fistulae causing amenorrhoea and cyclic hematuria were successfully treated by the continuous administration of an oestrogen‐progestogen combination for six months.
MATERNAL PLASMA AND URINARY HORMONE LEVELS DURING AND AFTER A SUCCESSFUL ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY
Authors: France J. T. , Jackson P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a successful abdominal pregnancy, urinary oestriol levels were about the fifth centile, but other hormone concentrations suggested that placental function was normal until 32 weeks gestation. After that, plasma oestrogen concentrations levelled off and plasma placental lactogen concentrations declined. Pre‐eclampsia developed at 34 weeks and necessitated the delivery at 36 weeks and 2 days of a live normal female infant by laparotomy. The placenta was not removed. All hormone levels fell rapidly during the first weeks of the puerperium and then more slowly during the next six weeks to non‐pregnancy levels. Plasma progesterone, urinary pregnanediol, and plasma oestradiol were the slowest to return to non‐pregnant levels.
EARLY ECTOPIC PREGNANCY AFTER VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: Cocks P. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients with ectopic pregnancy following vaginal hysterectomy are described. In each patient conception occurred prior to hysterectomy. A review of the literature reveals 23 similar cases with 13 presenting as early postoperative complications and 10 as late postoperative complications.
LACK OF EFFECT OF INTERVIEW AND GYNAECOLOGICAL EXAMINATION ON PLASMA LEVELS OF PROLACTIN AND CORTISOL
Authors: Pearce J. M. , McGarrick Gail , Chamberlain G. V. P. , Jeffcoate S. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLevels of prolactin and cortisol were measured in plasma from 18 non‐pregnant patients attending a general gynaecological outpatient clinic for the first time. Each patient was seen by one of two clinicians and blood samples were taken at six different stages of the clinical interview and examination. No significant changes in the levels of prolactin or cortisol were observed suggesting that pulsatile secretion and the response to the stress of an outpatient gynaecological visit are not important factors in the interpretation of plasma prolactin levels.
COMPARISON OF PREGNANCY OUTCOME AFTER AMNIOCENTESIS FOR PREVIOUS NEURAL TUBE DEFECT OR RAISED MATERNAL SERUM ALPHAFETOPROTEIN
Authors: Read A. P. , Donnai D. , Harris R. , Donnai P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniocentesis was performed in 219 pregnancies because a previous pregnancy produced a fetus with neural tube defect (NTD) and in 212 pregnancies in which the indication for amniocentesis was a high maternal serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) level. The proportion of abnormal fetuses, the frequency of low birth weight infants, and the frequency of undesired fetal loss were significantly greater in the group with high maternal serum AFP, in which there was also a significant excess of male births. It is concluded that maternal serum AFP screening defines a group of high risk pregnancies. The greater fetal loss and low birth weight associated with high maternal serum AFP levels were not the result of amniocentesis but were an inherent feature of these pregnancies.
SCREENING FOR FETAL RISK WITH URINARY OESTROGEN: CREATININE RATIO AT 34 WEEKS
Authors: O'Herlihy C. , Martin R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe urinary oestrogen :creatinine (O/C) ratio was measured in first morning specimens of 261 women at 34 weeks gestation to assess prospectively its potential in predicting fetal complications. Forty‐two patients (16.1 per cent) had low O/C ratios. All three stillbirths in the series occurred in this group and the incidences of fetal growth retardation and fetal distress in labour were also significantly increased. These complications were unusual when the O/C ratio was high. The O/C ratio at 34 weeks reflected fetal well‐being more accurately than clinical examination or blood pressure measurement. The mean O/C ratios of cigarette smokers and non‐smokers were similar, although smokers were delivered of lighter babies. Measurement of the urinary O/C ratio is simple and inexpensive. Used as a screening test at 34 weeks it appears to provide an early and fairly reliable indication of reduced placental function.
CHANGES IN MATERNAL PERIPHERAL LEUCOCYTES AROUND DELIVERY
Authors: Griffin J. F. T. , Beck I. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChanges in leucocyte populations and lymphocyte transformation with PHA were measured serially in 12 pregnant women, before and after delivery. There was a significant increase in the total numbers of leucocytes and neutrophils at delivery and for the 24 hours post partum. Lymphocyte counts increased, but not at significant levels, at or following delivery. Lymphocyte transformation rates were significantly higher before delivery and at 24 hours post partum, than at delivery or 2 hours post partum. Although plasma suppressor factors were found before and after delivery, plasma taken at delivery or 2 hours post partum was significantly more suppressive for nonpregnant lymphocytes. It is recommended that maternal blood samples should be taken before delivery for assays of maternal immunocompetence or maternofetal mixed leucocyte reactions.
BABIES OF MOTHERS WITH LEPROSY HAVE SMALL PLACENTAE, LOW BIRTH WEIGHTS AND GROW SLOWLY
Authors: Duncan M. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and sixteen women with leprosy and 31 healthy controls were studied throughout 155 pregnancies, and their babies were observed for a period of up to two years. Babies of mothers with leprosy weighed less than those of healthy mothers; the placental weights and coefficients followed the same trend. The babies of the mothers with leprosy grew more slowly than those of the healthy mothers and these findings were most marked in the babies of mothers with lepromatous leprosy. The cause of the reduced feto‐placental weight is thought to be related to the immune status of the mother.
AMNIOTIC FLUID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Seller Mary J. , Cole Kathleen J. , Fensom A. H. , Polani P. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRaised specific acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in amniotic fluid was consistently found to be associated with fetal intrauterine death and neural tube defects, but in just under half of the samples from pregnancies with spina bifida, the increase was marginal. Elevated AChE levels were occasionally found in fluid samples contaminated by maternal blood, and in nearly half of the samples which were a brown or yellow‐brown colour but where there was a normal fetus. Nine fluids, five of which were contaminated with fetal blood, had a false positive result on alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) assay (elevated AFP levels and a normal fetus), but showed normal AChE activities. It is suggested that AChE estimation might be useful in prenatal diagnosis as a second test for those fluids which have an elevated AFP level.
INTRAPARTUM AND POSTPARTUM PYREXIA AND INFECTION AFTER INDUCTION WITH EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN E2 IN TYLOSE
Authors: Callen P. J. , de Louvois J. , Hurley Rosalinde , Trudinger B. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and twenty‐four women, bearing 127 children, in whom labour was induced with extra‐amniotic prostaglandin E2 in tylose were studied. High vaginal swabs taken from 111 patients immediately before insertion of prostaglandin E2were examined, specific identification of microbes being restricted to those present in the amniotic fluid, to haemolytic streptococci, and to other specific microbes. Lancefield group B streptococci were isolated from nine patients, and in eight of these the microbes were isolated from the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid was examined from 86 patients and was shown to be contaminated with microbes potentially pathogenic for mother or baby in 11 out of 86 (13 per cent) of the patients examined; in eight patients, the contaminating pathogen was the group B streptococcus. All 127 blood cultures taken during or just after delivery were negative. Six out of nine patients with a group B streptococcus in the vagina developed fever and proven streptococcal endometritis; one child developed fever and another streptococcal septicaemia.