bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROSTAGLANDIN E AND F CONCENTRATIONS IN PLACENTAE OF NORMAL, HYPERTENSIVE AND PRE‐ECLAMPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Hillier K. , Smith M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe prostaglandins E and F were measured by radioimmunoassay in placentae from 23 normotensive, 25 hypertensive and 13 pre‐eclamptic patients. The prostaglandin E levels were respectively (pg/mg±SEM) 16.34±2.06, 16±75.2±52 and 12±10.3±63. The prostaglandin F levels were 2.43±0.41, 2.70±0–42 and 2.06±0.31. These prostaglandin concentrations did not differ significantly. Local ischaemia may, therefore, be explained by altered responsiveness to these prostaglandins or to changes in other prostaglandins (such as the vasodilator PGI2) or other vasoactive agents.
THE EFFECT OF PRE‐OPERATIVE POVIDONE IODINE VAGINAL PESSARIES ON VAULT INFECTIONSAFTER HYSTERECTOMY
Authors: Blackmore Meryl A. , Turner Gillian M. , Adams M. R. , Speller D. C. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe frequency of clinical infection of the vaginal vault after hysterectomy was compared in two groups of patients, a study group treated with povidone‐iodine vaginal pessaries for 36 hours pre‐operatively and prepared with povidone‐iodine preparations at the time of operation, and a control group given no preliminary treatment and prepared with chlorhexidine preparations at the time of operation. No significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups. Vault infection occurred in 32 per cent of the entire series of patients (severe infection 14 per cent) and infection correlated with the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the vagina. No significant differences in bacterial colonisation of the vagina between the two groups were demonstrated at any stage of the investigation. Preliminary preparation of the vagina with povidone‐iodine pessaries is not recommended.
REVERSAL OF FEMALE STERILIZATION
Authors: Pill C. F. , Noble A. D. , Letchworth A. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryReversal of sterilization was attempted in 22 women without the use of an operating microscope. Fifty per cent became pregnant. Success was influenced by the site and extent of the tubal damage resulting from the sterilization procedure, mechanical occlusive sterilization techniques offering the best change of a successful reversal.
VAGINAL BLEEDING DISTURBANCES ASSOCIATED bWITH THE DISCONTINUATION OF LONG‐ACTING INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Gray R. H. , Parker R. A. , Dlethelm P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA randomized comparative trial of 832 women receiving norethisterone oenanthate (NET‐OEN) and 846 women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injections at 12 week intervals was conducted in 10 centres. The pregnancy rate with NET‐OEN was significantly higher than with DMPA. The termination rate for amenorrhoea was substantially lower with NET‐OEN than DMPA, whereas the discontinuation rates for bleeding problems were similar with the two drugs. Analysis of bleeding patterns among continuing and discontinuing users suggests that women tolerated frequent bleeding episodes, but found prolonged bleeding or prolonged bleeding‐free intervals unacceptable. Bleeding for more than 30 days during an injection interval and complete amenorrhoea for a whole injection interval were jointly associated with 43.7 per cent of all terminations among NET‐OEN users and 64.5 per cent of all terminations among DMPA users. In future efforts to improve the acceptability of long‐acting injectable contraceptives, more attention should be given to the control of prolonged amenorrhoea and prolonged bleeding.
A CASE OF CLEAR CELL ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE VAGINA IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Davis J. A. , Wadehra V. , McIntosh A. S. , Monaghan J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe case is described of a 20 year old pregnant woman with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina who had been exposed to diethyl stilboestrol in utero. This is the second of three cases known to have occurred in Britain. The importance of radical treatment is discussed. Neither cervical nor vaginal intra‐epithelial neoplasia were seen histologically, although squamous metaplasia was widespread, and in some areas was immature and showed atypical features which could be misinterpreted as intra‐epithelial neoplasia. An area of atypical adenosis was noticed, a hitherto rarely observed feature.
HEPATOBLASTOMA AS A CAUSE OF INTRAUTERINE FETAL DEATH
Authors: Benjamin Elizabeth , Lendon M. , Marsden H. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA hepatoblastoma was found in a 36 week stillborn infant. The tumour compressed the inferior vena cava and was the cause of hydrops foetalis. There was also agenesis of the gall bladder. Amniotic fluid alpha‐fetoprotein levels at 15 weeks were normal and did not indicate the presence of the tumour.
METABOLIC AND CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF ORAL SALBUTAMOL IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY IN DIABETIC AND NON‐DIABETIC WOMEN
Authors: Wager J. , Fredholm B. B. , Lunell N.‐O. , Persson B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMetabolic and cardiovascular effects of 4 mg oral salbutamol were studied in ten non‐diabetic, ten chemical diabetic and five juvenile diabetic women in late pregnancy. None of the women had been treated with beta‐sympathomimetic drugs earlier in their pregnancy. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded and blood samples for measurement of plasma cyclic AMP, insulin, C‐peptide, glucose, lactate, glycerol, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐HB) were collected every 30 minutes for 120 minutes after salbutamol. All women underwent the same procedure at random without salbutamol. There were significant cardiovascular effects of salbutamol in all the groups but no differences in these effects between the groups. Salbutamol caused significant increases of glycogenolysis and lipolysis in all the groups, significantly larger in the juvenile diabetic than the non‐diabetic and chemical diabetic women. This observation could be explained by the inability of the juvenile diabetics to secrete insulin, shown by their non‐measurable plasma C‐peptide levels. The metabolic responses following salbutamol in the chemical diabetics were intermediate between the non‐diabetic and juvenile diabetic groups. The results show that diabetes does not alter the sensitivity of beta‐receptors involved in cardiovascular regulation, while the metabolic responses to oral salbutamol are enhanced, especially in juvenile diabetics. We suggest that during treatment with beta‐sympathomimetic drugs, blood glucose should be monitored in all patients showing criteria of potential diabetes.
RELIABILITY OF ULTRASOUND AS COMPARED TO DIRECT FETAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY FOR ANTEPARTUM CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY
Authors: Keirse M. J. N. C. , Trimbos J. B. , Mallens T. E. J. M. , van der Heemst M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEighty‐five pairs of simultaneously recorded external and internal cardiotocograms (CTGs) were coded and evaluated with a ten‐point scoring system routinely used for the assessment of antepartum CTG. The highest consistency in interpretation between the external ultrasound and the internal fetal scalp CTG was found for basal heart rate followed by decelerations. Oscillatory amplitude and frequency were interpreted differently in 14 per cent of CTGs and accelerations in 16 per cent. When differences in interpretation arose, there was certainly no tendency for the external CTG to present an optimistic image of the fetal heart rate variables. With the exception of oscillatory amplitude all variables, including oscillatory frequency and the total CTG score, were more frequently underestimated than overestimated on external CTGs. When accelerations were present on only one recording, there was an 85 per cent chance for these to be absent on the external CTG. The study abolishes fears that the routine clinical assessment of antepartum CTGs of adequate technical quality provides overrated and more optimistic data than would be achieved by direct fetal scalp monitoring.
COLPOSCOPY IN PREGNANCY A TWELVE YEAR REVIEW
Authors: Mcdonnell J. M. , Mylotte M. J. , Gustafson R. C. , Jordan J. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a 12‐year period, 195 patients with abnormal cervical cytology in pregnancy had colposcopy, of whom 73 had Grade IV cytology. Colposcopic findings in pregnancy correlated closely with the postpartum colposcopic assessment and this in turn predicted the ultimate histological diagnosis. Wedge biopsies were taken in two women in whom invasive disease could not be excluded colposcopically. Cone biopsy was avoided in all patients. No frank or occult invasive disease was missed but one patient was ultimately found to have a small focus of microinvasive disease six months post partum. Postpartum cytology gave a reasonable guide to the ultimate histology, although postpartum colposcopy was found to be of value even where cytology had by then reverted to normal.
HORMONAL PROFILES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AFTER THERAPY WITH SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTS
Authors: Thom Margaret H. , Collins W. P. , Studd J. W. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma hormones were estimated in 24 postmenopausal patients who had been castrated. Each was given a sub‐cutaneous implant of either 100 mg or 50 mg of oestradiol, or 50 mg of oestradiol with 100 mg of testosterone, or 200 mg of testosterone. Plasma hormone estimations were repeated at two weeks, one month and then monthly for up to 12 months. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were seen to fall at two weeks after all implants containing oestradiol. Plasma testosterone concentrations rose from a mean concentration of 1.0 nmol/1 to 5.0 nmol/1 and 6.7 nmol/1 after implants of 100 mg and 200 mg of testosterone respectively. Implants containing oestradiol caused the pretreatment ratio of the concentrations of oestrone to oestradiol to change from 2:1 to 1:2. The implant of 100 mg of oestradiol caused the plasma oestradiol concentration to rise to a mean value of 602.3 pmol/1 and those of oestrone to rise to 356.7 pmol/1. The more commonly used implants contain 50 mg of oestradiol and these caused the mean concentration of plasma oestradiol to rise to 346.7 pmol/1 and oestrone to rise to 233.9 pmol/1. These values compare favourably with those attained after oral oestrogen therapy.
NON‐POSTURAL SERIAL CHANGES IN RENAL FUNCTION DURING THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Ezimokhai M. , Davison J. M. , Philips P. R. , Dunlop W. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySeventeen healthy women were investigated near the beginning and again near the end of the third trimester of their normal pregnancies. Infusion studies were performed in the left lateral position. There was a highly significant decrease in effective renal plasma flow but not in glomerular filtration rate, measured as inulin clearance. Plasma creatinine concentration increased significantly, but the renal handling of creatinine was unchanged; simultaneous 24‐hour creatinine clearance showed a tendency to decrease. Serum urate concentration also increased significantly, apparently due to an increase in net tubular reabsorption of urate.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS THERAPY DURING LABOUR ON MATERNAL AND CORD SERUM SODIUM LEVELS
Authors: Spencer S. A. , Mann N. P. , Smith M. L. , Woolfson A. M. J. , Benson S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 113 women in labour were studied prospectively to determine the relation between maternal and cord serum sodium levels and the effect of intravenous infusions of glucose solutions and oxytocin during labour on the mother and infant. Maternal and cord sodium levels were correlated, with no systematic difference between the two, which is consistent with passive diffusion of sodium across the placenta. Glucose infusions and oxytocin caused statistically significant depression of maternal and cord serum sodium levels, but with the quantities used this did not adversely affect the mothers or infants. It is recommended that caution should be exercised in prescribing intravenous therapy during labour and, if more than 500 ml of fluid is required, sodium should be included.
PLACENTAL PROTEIN 5 (PP5) IN PLACENTAL ABRUPTION
Authors: Salem H. T. , Westergaard J. G. , Hindersson P. , Seppälä M. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe circulating levels of serum placental protein 5 (PP5) were measured in serial samples from 10 subjects who later had placental abruption. PP5 levels were elevated in five immediately prior to the clinical diagnosis of abruption.
ACUTE‐PHASE C56‐FORMING ABILITY AND CONCENTRATIONS OF COMPLEMENT COMPONENTS IN NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Johansen K. A. , Williams J. H. , Stark J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA prospective study of 61 women who were normotensive at booking revealed an increased incidence of C56‐forming ability in those who later developed hypertension. Similar changes were found before delivery in a separate group of women admitted with latent hypertension and in each of 11 women with severe pre‐eclampsia and a surviving fetus. The C56‐forming ability, an acute phase feature, often preceded the hypertension and the findings suggest an indirect relation between complement changes and the mechanism causing hypertension in pregnancy. Concentrations of complement components in hypertension and normotensive pregnancies were also compared with each other and with those of normal healthy non‐pregnant women. The hypertension patients had increased total alternative pathway function and higher factor B concentrations. The C56‐negative sera from hypertension patients tended to have C7 concentrations higher than normal whereas C56‐positive patients had higher C5 concentrations. The aetiological and pathological implications are discussed.
PERSISTENCE OF SYMPTOMS OF PREMENSTRUAL TENSION IN HYSTERECTOMIZED WOMEN
Authors: Bäckströum C. T. , Boyle H. , Baird D. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDaily symptom ratings were recorded in seven women with premenstrual tension syndrome for one month before and for up to two months after hysterectomy. Ovarian activity was monitored after operation by twice weekly measurements of total oestrogen and pregnanediol in 12‐hour urine samples. Cyclical changes in mood persisted following hysterectomy with the greatest mental and physical symptoms occurring during the late luteal phase of the cycle. In contrast there was a marked decrease in activity and vigour ratings during the late luteal phase of the cycle and during menstruation. There was a small but significant improvement in symptoms in most women following hysterectomy. These results demonstrate that neither the presence of the uterus nor the occurrence of menstruation are necessary for the manifestation of the premenstrual tension syndrome and support the view that it has a hormonal basis.
THE CERVICAL FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH OVULATORY INFERTILITY
Authors: Zegers Fernando , Lenton Elizabeth A. , Sulaiman Rafida , Cooke Ian D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty patients with ovulatory infertility had two consecutive postcoital tests. Couples with inconclusive or abnormal results had in vitro sperm penetration tests, using donor mucus and donor sperm. The quality of the cervical mucus, the concentration of plasma oestradiol and luteinising hormone and the result of the post‐coital test were assessed each day. After two consecutive cycles, the postcoital test was normal in 84 per cent, inconclusive in 12 per cent and abnormal in 4 per cent of the women. The in vitro cross reaction test showed that two couples had definite abnormality in the sperm‐cervical mucus interaction and one couple were having inadequate coitus. Normal post coital tests should not be expected with an Insler cervical mucus score of less than 8. Normal postcoital tests were found between days −2 and +1 with respect to the luteinising hormone peak. There is a direct relation between the plasma oestradiol concentration and the individual cervical score but the predictability of plasma oestradiol values for a given cervical score is very poor. The plasma oestradiol concentration was significantly different between groups having cervical scores <7 and 8–10 or 11–12 (p <0.01).
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NEGATIVE HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMEN FOLLOWING INTRACAVITARY IRRADIATION IN STAGE I ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Cheung A. Y. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryClinical stage I endometrial carcinoma in 353 women was treated by pre‐operative intracavitary irradiation with radium and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. No residual tumour was found in 36 per cent of uterine specimens obtained from hysterectomies performed within two weeks compared to 59 per cent of those removed later than eight weeks after the intracavitary irradiation. A negative hysterectomy specimen was a favourable prognostic index. Patients with no residual tumour in the hysterectomy specimens had a significantly lower five‐years relapse rate (3.8 per cent) than those with residual tumour (19.2 per cent).
SCLEROSING STROMAL TUMOUR OF THE OVARY CASE REPORT WITH ENDOCRINE STUDIES
Authors: Quinn M. A. , Oster A. O. , Fortune D. , Hudson B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe findings in a patient who was found to have a sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary associated with a tubal pregnancy are described. Measurement of hormones in blood before and after removal of the tumour suggested the tumour was andro‐gen‐secreting.
MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY ON CHEMOTHERAPY IN ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER
Authors:   Medical Research Council's Working Party on Ovarian Cancer
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 264 eligible patients with advanced ovarian cancer were randomised to single or triple agent cytotoxic therapy; 261 were available for analysis. The treatments were continuous oral cyclophosphamide (arm S), and a combination of oral cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine and methotrexate on a pulsed basis (arm T). Mortality attributed to cancer was slightly lower on arm T (p = 0.06), but this was offset by the greater toxicity of this regimen, and overall survival and activity index were similar on the two arms. There was thus little evidence of greater clinical benefit on the triple agent regimen. Tumour mass removed at operation, extent of remaining tumour and age all showed significant correlation with prognosis. Survival was longer in patients whose disease responded to either therapeutic regimen.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS AT AMNIOTOMY AND THE SUBSEQUENT ONSET OF LABOUR
Authors: Sellers Susan M. , Mitchell M. D. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMaternal peripheral plasma levels of 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F (PGFM) were measured in 16 women following amniotomy performed for the induction of labour at term. After 5½ hours, seven patients were in established labour (Group I) but the remaining nine patients required an intravenous infusion of oxytocin (Group II). An initial rapid rise in PGFM concentrations within five minutes of amniotomy occurred in all women and, therefore, the onset of labour does not appear to be a direct consequence of this initial increase. In Group I there was a significant increase in PGFM concentrations between five and 30 minutes after amniotomy and from 30 minutes to the time at which the last sample was collected; these later rises were associated with the onset and progress of labour in these women. These increases in PGFM concentrations did not occur in patients in Group II. The reason for this difference in response to amniotomy is as yet unclear.
PROSTACYCLIN‐LIKE AND KALLIKREIN ACTIVITY OF AMNIOTIC FLUID IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Bodzenta A. , Thomson J. M. , Poller L. , Burslem R. W. , Wilcox F. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAmniotic fluid from patients with pre‐eclampsia was compared with samples obtained from normotensive controls with respect to the inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation (PGI2‐like activity) and activating effect on the plasma kallikrein assay and Russell's viper venom test. After 39 weeks gestation, amniotic fluid from pre‐eclamptic patients showed significantly less PGI2‐like activity (p <0.01) and significantly lower kallikrein levels (p <0.01) than that from normotensive controls. The study suggests that the biosynthesis and release of PGI2‐like activity and kallikrein may be impaired in pre‐eclampsia. In view of the association of pre‐eclampsia with intravascular clotting, the highly significant reduction of PGI2‐like activity seems important and appears to warrant a clinical trial of prostacyclin administration in this disorder.
THE INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION TIME OF FETAL HEART IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY RHESUS HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE
Authors: Brambati Bruno , Pardi Giorgio 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe duration and shape of the fetal QRS complex were studied in 88 pregnancies complicated by rhesus isoimmunization. A clear correlation between ventricular depolarization time and haemoglobin levels at birth was observed. A single QRS value greater than 4 SD above the normal mean value, or a tendency to rapid increase was very suggestive of a bad prognosis, while a QRS duration below ±4 SD or declining in sequential determinations reflects a temporary compensation of fetal conditions. From the QRS complex analysis a clear indication appeared of the constant and early involvement of the heart in terms of myocardial hypertrophy and/or cardiac enlargement. The sensitivity of QRS to anaemia and the feasability of continuous non‐invasive monitoring might allow, with the determination of bilirubin concentration in amniotic fluid, improvement in the management of rhesus haemolytic disease.
PUERPERAL HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES
Authors: Taylor D. J. , Phillips P. , Lind T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaematological indices were studied serially in 33 healthy women, at one week before delivery, during the first six days of the puerperium, at six weeks and six months post partum. Red cell count, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit decreased during the first four days of the puerperium; haemoglobin concentrations up to 3·5 g/dl less than pre‐delivery values were recorded in the absence of clinical postpartum haemorrhage. The second puerperal day haemoglobin concentration correlates most closely with the six week postpartum value. A leucocytosis of greater than 20 × 109/1 was found on the first puerperal day in 15 per cent of the women studied.
PROLACTIN CONCENTRATION IN VAGINAL FLUID: A NEW METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING RUPTURED MEMBRANES
Authors: Koninckx P. R. , Trappeniers H. , Van Assche F. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProlactin concentrations were assayed in vaginal fluid, urine and plasma in 20 women between 38 and 41 weeks gestation. Plasma concentrations of 12·3 (7·3–20·8) mU/ml (n = 40) were found whereas urine concentrations were low or undetectable. Vaginal fluid concentrations were generally lower than 0·25 mU/ml but occasionally elevated up to 3 mU/ml in women with unruptured membranes. Half an hour after artificial rupture of the membranes, vaginal fluid prolactin concentrations were always higher than paired maternal plasma concentrations (p < 0·001). In women suspected of premature rupture of the membranes, prolactin concentrations in vaginal fluid were always higher than the plasma concentrations except in those in whom the clinical outcome showed that the membranes had not ruptured. A rapid prolactin radioimmunoassay is therefore recommended as a new clinical tool for the diagnosis or exclusion of prematurely ruptured membranes.
ELEVATION OF MATERNAL SERUM MYOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS DURING DELIVERY
Authors: Kosowicz J. , Gryczyńska M. , Drews K. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum myoglobin was determined by radioimmunoassay in 32 women immediately after delivery, in the umbilical cord blood of 30 newborn infants, in 18 women in the third trimester of pregnancy and in 24 healthy non‐pregnant women. In maternal blood following delivery there was a 3 to 10 fold rise in serum myoglobin concentration (mean ± SD = 117·2 ± 82·5 ng/ml). On the other hand, in umbilical cord blood and in late pregnancy, serum myoglobin concentrations did not differ from those in healthy non‐pregnant women (mean ± SD = 23·6±12·6 ng/ml).