bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and commission of TPC prototype integrated with 266 nm UV laser
Authors: Chang Y. , Qi H.R. , She X. , Zhang J.X. , Yu C.X. , Yuan Z.Y. , Deng Z. , Wang J.C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) serves as the baseline main tracking detector in the Circular Electron Positron Collider Reference Design Report (CEPC refTDR) and is vital for the International Linear Collider (ILC). To achieve high position resolution and dE/dx measurements, a TPC prototype with a UV laser tracking system was developed at the Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS. The prototype includes 6 layers of horizontal single-tracks, 3 layers of vertical multi-beam lasers around the TPC detector chamber, a fast electronics readout with 1000 channels, a Gaseous Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector with an active area of 200 mm × 200 mm. This paper discusses the designs for the drift chamber, field cage, endplate readout, UV laser tracking system, and DAQ system, along with the commissioning results. The results show the reconstruction of 6 laser layers and indicate that a spatial resolution of 97.6 μm is achieved after a 50 mm drift distance in a 0 T magnetic field. All findings indicate that the TPC detector prototype with the integrated UV laser system has been successfully developed and is prepared for further research.
The Structural Conception of Metaphysics
Authors: Thomasson Amie L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Theodore Sider proposed an alternative view of the project of metaphysics: that it has as its goal to determine the “fundamental structure of the world.” Sider generalizes the Armstrong/Lewis view that some predicates are “joint-carving,” in a way that enables us to ask whether any concept (including temporal concepts, modal concepts, logical concepts, etc.) is “joint-carving.” But in generalizing the view about natural kind terms to make it include all kinds of concepts, this approach assumes a kind of functional monism: assuming that all the terms in question (should) function to carve the world at its joints. This assumption prevents us from seeing the many different functions different sorts of language and concepts serve in our theories and our lives, and the different sorts of criteria by which they are appropriately evaluated.
International Validation and Refinement of Oncological Borderline Resectability Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Tumor Burden Score to Predict Survival
Authors: Akabane Miho , Kawashima Jun , Altaf Abdullah , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Cauchy François , Aucejo Federico , Popescu Irinel , Kitago Minoru , Martel Guillaume , Ratti Francesca , Aldrighetti Luca , Poultsides George A. , Imaoka Yuki , Ruzzenente Andrea , Endo Itaru , Gleisner Ana , Marques Hugo P. , Oliveira Sara , Balaia Jorge , Lam Vincent , Hugh Tom , Bhimani Nazim , Shen Feng , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
The aim of this study is to externally validate the original borderline resectability (BR) category for predicting overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following resection and to assess whether incorporating the tumor burden score (TBS) and other clinical factors could enhance predictive accuracy.

Background:
A recent Japanese expert panel introduced a new HCC classification scheme: resectable (R), borderline resectable 1 (BR1), and borderline resectable 2 (BR2).

Methods:
Patients undergoing curative-intent hepatectomy for HCC (2000–2023) were classified as R, BR1, and BR2 using the original BR and a novel TBS-BR category. The TBS-BR category replaces BR’s categorical tumor morphology factors with the continuous TBS (TBS² = [maximum tumor diameter]² + [number of tumors]²). Multivariable analysis identified oncologic, morphometric, and patient-level factors associated with OS, which were incorporated into an online predictive tool.

Results:
Among 1766 patients, the original BR category grouped 1504 (85.2%) as R, 249 (14.1%) as BR1, and 13 (0.7%) as BR2. Utilizing the TBS-BR category, patients were reclassified as TBS-BR R (n = 684, 38.7%), BR1 (n = 1009, 57.1%), and BR2 (n = 73, 4.1%). Both the original and TBS-BR categories correlated with 5-year OS (original: 65.1%, 48.2%, 46.4%; TBS-BR: 70.8%, 58.3%, 40.0%; P < 0.001 for both; area under the curve: 0.54 vs 0.58). On multivariable analysis, TBS-BR1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.59 [1.20–2.09]; P = 0.001), TBS-BR2 (HR: 2.45 [1.47–4.07]; P < 0.001, reference: TBS-BR R), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class >2 (HR: 1.40 [1.09–1.80]; P = 0.007), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (HR: 1.51 [1.21–1.88]; P < 0.001), and log α-fetoprotein (AFP) (HR: 1.07 [1.03–1.11]; P < 0.001) were independently associated with OS. A TBS-BR composite model based on these factors (TBS-BR category, ASA class, ALBI score, and log AFP) was developed and made available online (https://makbn.shinyapps.io/BRHCC/). The model’s area under the receiver operating characteristic at 5 years (0.70) outperformed both the original BR (0.57) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification (0.64).

Conclusions:
The TBS-BR composite model, integrating tumor morphology (TBS), tumor biology (log AFP), overall physical status (ASA class), and liver function (ALBI score) demonstrated superior predictive accuracy for OS compared with the original BR and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classifications.
Incidence of Femur Fracture Post Hardware Removal in Children With Cerebral Palsy Who Have Undergone Varus Derotational Osteotomy
Authors: Montufar Wright Parma E. , da Almeida Silva Luiz Carlos , Howard Jason J. , Raab Sarah , Rogers Kenneth J. , Lindgren Amelia , Miller Freeman , Trionfo Arianna , Shrader Michael Wade 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often undergo hip reconstruction through proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomy (VDRO), with orthopaedic implants used for fixation. Posthealing, hardware may be retained or removed, either reactively due to complications or prophylactically. The controversy surrounding implant removal persists. This study aimed to compare the rate of proximal femoral fractures in children with CP who retained their hardware versus those who had it removed after VDRO. A secondary aim was to identify fracture risk factors after VDRO and report complications related to hardware removal.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 334 children who met inclusion (VDRO procedure) and exclusion (<2 y postoperative follow-up) criteria; 122 were eligible for the hardware removal group. Patients were followed from the initial VDRO to 2 years, hardware removal, or fracture. After removal, follow-up continued for a minimum of 2 years or until fracture. Frequency distribution summarized categorical variables, while mean and range were used for continuous variables. Median and interquartile range (IQR) was utilized for non-normally distributed data. χ2 testing determined fracture risk factors post-hardware removal, with a significance level set at P-value <0.05.

Results:
Of 334 patients, 11 (3%) experienced a peri-implant fracture after VDRO; 8 (2%) occurred within 2 years. The median time to fracture was 1.3 years (IQR, 3.2; range, 0.0 to 12.4). In the hardware removal group, 10 (5%) of 212 patients fractured postremoval, all within 2 years. The mean time from removal to fracture was 0.48±0.65 years (range, 0.02 to 1.94). Significant risk factors included prior VDRO revision surgery (P=0.029) and hardware removal within 1 year post-VDRO (P=0.007).

Conclusion:
No significant difference in fracture rates was found between the 2 groups. However, patients with prior revision surgery or hardware removed within 1 year post-VDRO faced increased fracture risks. This study provides evidence to proceed with caution when removing hardware if a patient has had prior revision surgery and to wait at least 1 year after VDRO to remove proximal femoral implants.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Artificial intelligence in medical imaging: From task-specific models to large-scale foundation models
Authors: Bian Yueyan , Li Jin , Ye Chuyang , Jia Xiuqin , Yang Qi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has demonstrated remarkable performance in medical imaging across a variety of modalities, including X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), and pathological imaging. However, most existing state-of-the-art AI techniques are task-specific and focus on a limited range of imaging modalities. Compared to these task-specific models, emerging foundation models represent a significant milestone in AI development. These models can learn generalized representations of medical images and apply them to downstream tasks through zero-shot or few-shot fine-tuning. Foundation models have the potential to address the comprehensive and multifactorial challenges encountered in clinical practice. This article reviews the clinical applications of both task-specific and foundation models, highlighting their differences, complementarities, and clinical relevance. We also examine their future research directions and potential challenges. Unlike the replacement relationship seen between deep learning and traditional machine learning, task-specific and foundation models are complementary, despite inherent differences. While foundation models primarily focus on segmentation and classification, task-specific models are integrated into nearly all medical image analyses. However, with further advancements, foundation models could be applied to other clinical scenarios. In conclusion, all indications suggest that task-specific and foundation models, especially the latter, have the potential to drive breakthroughs in medical imaging, from image processing to clinical workflows.
Artificial intelligence in endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions
Authors: Zhou Nuoya , Yuan Xianglei , Liu Wei , Luo Qi , Liu Ruide , Hu Bing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating early detection, timely diagnosis, and prompt treatment to improve patient outcomes. Endoscopic examination plays a pivotal role in this regard. However, despite the availability of various endoscopic techniques, certain limitations can result in missed or misdiagnosed ESCCs. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted endoscopic diagnosis has made significant strides in addressing these limitations and improving the diagnosis of ESCC and precancerous lesions. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of AI applications for endoscopic diagnosis of ESCC and precancerous lesions in aspects including lesion characterization, margin delineation, invasion depth estimation, and microvascular subtype classification. Furthermore, we offer insights into the future direction of this field, highlighting potential advancements that can lead to more accurate diagnoses and ultimately better prognoses for patients.
Identification of immunogenic HLA-A*02:01 epitopes associated with HCC for immunotherapy development
Authors: Maino Anthony , Bourov﻿a-Flin Ekaterina , Decaens Thomas , Khochbin Saadi , Macek Jilkova Zuzana , Rousseaux Sophie , Plumas Joel , Saas Philippe , Chaperot Laurence , Manches Olivier 
Published: February 2025

Background:
HCC is the most common form of primary liver cancer, and despite recent advances in cancer treatment, it remains associated with poor prognosis and a lack of response to conventional therapies. Immunotherapies have emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, especially through the identification of tumor-specific immunogenic epitopes that can trigger a targeted immune response. This study aimed to identify immunogenic epitopes associated with HCC for the development of specific immunotherapies.

Methods:
We used high-throughput data screening and bioinformatics tools for antigens and epitope selection. The immunogenicity of the selected epitopes was studied after coculture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy donors or HCC patients with a plasmacytoid dendritic cell line loaded with the selected peptides. Specific CD8+ T cell amplification and functionality were determined by labeling with tetramers and by IFN-γ and CD107a expression (flow cytometry and ELISpot).

Results:
We analyzed the transcriptional gene expression landscape of HCC to screen for a set of 16 ectopically expressed genes in a majority of HCC samples. Epitopes predicted to bind to HLA-A*02:01 with high affinity were further validated for their immunogenicity using the previously described plasmacytoid dendritic cell line in ex vivo CD8+ activation assays using patient immune cells. Three out of the 30 tested epitopes, namely FLWGPRALV (MAGE-A3), FMNKFIYEI (AFP), and KMFHTLDEL (LRRC46), elicited a strong T-cell response, in activation assays, degranulation assays, and IFN-γ secretion assays.

Conclusions:
These results highlight the potential of these peptides to be considered as targets for immunotherapies. The discovery of such immunogenic epitopes should improve immune-based treatments for liver cancer in combination with the current treatment approach.
Repression of the ERRγ-CYP2E1 pathway by fibroblast growth factor 4 mitigates alcoholic liver injury
Authors: Wang Luyao , Dong Wenliya , Fan Lei , Kong Hongru , Liang Siyu , Huang Zhuobing , Chen Jie , Zhi Sisi , Xu Siyan , Qiu Qiaoling , Yang Miaomiao , Hou Yushu , Hu Yue , Pan Tongtong , Zheng Minghua , Li Xiaokun , Huang Zhifeng , Song Lintao 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) represents a critical global health challenge characterized by liver damage resulting from excessive alcohol consumption. Early detection and timely intervention are essential for optimizing patient outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver injury have not been fully elucidated. Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) has been implicated in the progression of various liver diseases. This study aims to elucidate the role of FGF4 in the pathogenesis of ALD.

Approach and Results:
We analyzed human liver specimens and observed significant upregulation of FGF4 mRNA and protein levels in patients with ALD. Consistent findings were noted in mouse models subjected to a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet. Importantly, hepatic FGF4 expression exhibited a positively correlated with ALD severity in both human subjects and murine models. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Fgf4 (Fgf4-LKO) exacerbated alcohol-induced liver injury through increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Specifically, Fgf4-LKO mice demonstrated heightened susceptibility to ethanol plus CCl4-induced fibrosis and liver injury. However, treatment with the ERRγ inverse agonist GSK5182 and CYP2E1 inhibitor chlormethiazole (CMZ) mitigated the exacerbated liver injury associated with Fgf4 deficiency. Mechanistic investigations revealed that FGFR4 phosphorylates ERRγ, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation in hepatocytes. Hepatic-specific knockout of Fgfr4 intensified alcohol-induced liver injury and nullified the protective conferred of recombinant FGF4△NT.

Conclusions:
Our study identifies FGF4 as a stress-responsive regulator in liver pathophysiology, operating via an FGFR4-mediated ERRγ-CYP2E1 signaling pathway. These results underscore the potential of FGF4 and its downstream pathways as therapeutic targets for ALD treatment.
Review of the Current Clinical and Preclinical Evidence Pertaining to the Immunomodulatory Effects of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa)
Authors: Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir , Shanmugam Arun 
Published: February 2025

Humans and other vertebrates are safeguarded from invading pathogenic microbes by the immune system. Black seed, scientifically known as Nigella sativa, has garnered attention for its potential immunomodulatory effects in both clinical and preclinical studies. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing body of evidence surrounding the immunological impact of black seeds. In this review, we analyze the immunomodulatory potentials of black seeds (N. sativa). For the purpose of finding pertinent publications, the literatures was searched in web-based databases, including Web of Science, Medline/PMC/PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and reference lists. Several clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that supplementation with black seeds (N. sativa) has potential immunomodulatory activity. Black seeds (N. sativa) may influence immune responses through a variety of mechanisms. By synthesizing and critically assessing the current state of knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic uses and future research directions for harnessing the immunological benefits of this natural remedy.
Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A158.
The superficial capillary plexus perivascular gliosis occurring in retinitis pigmentosa revealed by multimodal retinal imaging.
Authors: Arrigo Alessandro , Aragona Emanuela , Cremona Ottavio , Antropoli Alessio , Bianco Lorenzo , Saladino Andrea , Bandello Francesco , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
In this study, our goal was to deepen the understanding of the clinical significance and underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the hyperreflective ganglion cell layer (HGB) observed in optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods:
The study was designed as observational, cross-sectional. RP patients with and without HGB were recruited and underwent complete multimodal retinal imaging assessment, including OCT, OCT angiography (OCTA) and Dense Automatic-RealTime (DART) OCTA. Morphological outcome measures included OCTA vessel density (VD), foveal avascular zone area and ellipsoid zone (EZ) width. Functional outcome measures were LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal sensitivity.

Results:
Twenty eyes with HGB (20 RP patients) and 20 eyes without HGB (20 RP patients) were included. A reference control group was included as well. RP eyes with HGB were characterized by significantly worse LogMAR BCVA and retinal sensitivity, compared with RP eyes without HGB. Moreover, HGB subgroup showed significantly worse VD values of intraretinal capillary networks. The main superficial capillary plexus (SCP) VD reduction was detected in the extrafoveal region. DART OCTA allowed to support the SCP perivascular gliosis pathogenic origin of HGB. DART OCTA was able to detect (I) SCP perivascular hyperreflectivity; (II) SCP perfusion signal reduction and (III) peripheral SCP capillaries closure.

Conclusions:
The presence of HGB is identified as an adverse finding in a subset of eyes affected by RP. HGB correlates with markedly deteriorated retinal morphology and function. The possible pathogenic mechanism underlying HGB manifestation is the perivascular gliosis of the SCP.
Effectiveness of CT Histogram Analysis to Differentiate Lung Metastases From Second Primary Lung Cancer to Decrease Need for Lung Biopsy
Authors: Bilgin Erkan , Yaltirik Bilgin Ezel , Bayrak Ahmet , Törenek Şahap 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Differentiating lung metastasis from second primary lung cancer is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy. Lung biopsy, the gold standard for diagnosis, is an invasive procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CT histogram analysis as a noninvasive method for differentiating these 2 conditions in solitary pulmonary nodules.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on CT images of patients with solitary pulmonary nodule, confirmed to be either lung metastasis or second primary lung cancer histopathologically. Histogram analysis features of the lesion and perilesional area were extracted from the CT images and subjected to statistical analysis to identify significant differences between the 2 groups. The performance of histogram analysis was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve.

Results:
The data of 26 (46%) patients whose lung biopsy pathology was determined as second primary lung cancer and 30 (54%) patients defined as lung metastasis were investigated. The second primary lung cancer’s mean pathologic tumor diameter was statistically higher than the lung metastasis [25.3 (5.7) mm, 18.3(5.6) mm; P=0.003]. The mean skewness (P=0.020) and entropy (P=0.018) values in the second primary lung cancer were statistically significantly lower in the lesion area. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean measurement of SD (P=0.001), skewness (P<0.001), kurtosis (P<0.001), and entropy (P<0.001) values between the 2 groups in the perilesional area.

Conclusion:
CT histogram analysis shows promise as a noninvasive method for differentiating lung metastasis from second primary lung cancer in solitary pulmonary nodules.
A Systematic Review and Independent Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Prophylactic Mesh Augmentation for Incisional Hernia Prevention after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery (I-PREVENT-AAA) A Collaborative European Hernia Society Project
Authors: van den Berg Rudolf , Den Hartog Floris P J. , Baart Sara J. , Bali Christina , Matsagkas Miltiadis , Bevis Paul M. , Earnshaw Jonothan J. , Debus Eike S. , Honig Susanne , Berrevoet Frederik , Detry Olivier , Stabilini Cesare , Muysoms Filip E. , Tanis Pieter J. ,   European Hernia Society Prophylactic mesh study group collaborators
Published: February 2025

Objective:
To analyze the effectiveness of prophylactic mesh augmentation (PMA) of the abdominal wall following open aortic aneurysm repair as compared to primary sutured closure in preventing incisional hernia (IH) formation by performing an individual patient-data meta-analysis (IPDMA).

Summary Background Data:
IH is a prevalent complication after abdominal surgery, especially in high-risk groups. PMA of the abdominal wall has been studied as a preventive measure for IH-formation, but strong recommendations are lacking.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted till 23 September 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared PMA with PS after open AAA surgery. Lead authors of eligible studies were asked to share individual patient-data. A one-stage analysis was performed, and Cox-regression analyses were used to assess time-to-event outcomes.

Results:
Five randomized trials with a total of 493 patients were included. Intention to treat analysis revealed that PMA was associated with significantly lower risk of IH (hazard ratio of 0.25 (95% CI 0.12-0.50)) as compared to PS closure. Three-year incisional hernia rates were 13.2% and 39.6%, respectively, with a number needed to treat of 3.7. The effect was similar for onlay and retro-rectus PMA. PMA resulted in longer operative time (mean 27 minutes) and more seroma formation (especially onlay PMA) but did not increase the risk of surgical site infection.

Conclusions:
PMA after elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery is proven to be an effective measure to reduce IH formation and should be considered in future guidelines as standard of care.