bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the Seasonal Incidence of Aphids and Coccinellids on the Indian Mustard in Different Varieties and Sowing Dates
Authors: Kishor Ram , Malik Y. P. , Sirajuddin  , Mishra Pramod Kumar , Kushwaha Dhananjay , Verma Shravan Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Ecological engineering plays an important role in Integrated Pest Management. Considering this, a field experiment was conducted at the Students’ Instructional Farm (SIF), Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during the rabi season of 2020-21. The severity of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in mustard (Brussica juncea L.) crop and its period of occurrence were not uniform in two successive crop seasons. The highest aphid intensities of 120.8 aphids per plant, 138.0 aphids per plant, 148.7 aphids per plant, and 176.1 aphids per plant were recorded on mustard varieties Varuna, Varuna, Azad Mahak, and Ashirwad, respectively, during mid-February (6th MSW) when the mustard was planted on 13th November, 23rd November, 25th November, and 10th December 2020. A negative correlation was established between the average temperature (r = -0.3599) and the actual intensity of aphids, as well as the weekly increase of aphids (r = -0.5838). On the other hand, average relative humidity had a positive influence on aphid incidence. The potentiality of predatory beetles (coccinellids) in the mustard ecosystem was found to be weather-dependent. The weather factors favourable for aphid multiplication did not support the enhancement of the population of predatory ladybird beetles.
Interpretation of Mean Values and Extent of Heterosis Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]
Authors: Patel C. J. , Patel R. N. , Gami R. A. , Gameti B. A. 
Published: October 2023

Aims: To Study the mean values and heterosis for fruit yield with associated traits of bottle gourd.
Study Design: Randomized block design.
Place and Duration of Study: The seeds of F1 hybrids were produced during summer 2021 at Potato Research Station, S. D. Agricultural University, Deesa.
Methodology: The experimental material consisted of twelve parents, their 35 Line × Tester crosses and one standard check (ABGH 1).
Results: The study was undertaken to reveal mean and per cent heterosis level in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]. An examination of mean data of parents with (F1) hybrids for fruit yield and associated traits revealed that DBG 5 amongst females and ABGS 11-17 amongst males, while NDBG 132 × PUNJAB LONG, LOCAL × ABGS 14-25, and LOCAL × ABGS 11-17 amongst hybrids exhibited higher mean value for fruit yield per plant with some of its associated traits. The significant relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were perceived in many hybrids for different component traits. The F1 hybrids, NDBG 132 × PUNJAB LONG (75.30, 53.04 & 21.64 %), LOCAL × ABGS 14-25 (34.99, 27.77 and 20.71 %) and LOCAL × ABGS 11-17 (31.82, 23.49 and 19.27 %) manifested significant and positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and the standard check ABGH 1 for fruit yield per plant. These crosses were also given best mean performance, hence hold promising for commercial exploitation.
Conclusion: The analysis of variance revealed that significant differences among the parents for all traits. This indicated a sufficient variability in the parents (i.e., lines and testers) for studied trait. The best heterotic crosses NDBG 132 × PUNJAB LONG, LOCAL × ABGS 14-25, LOCAL × ABGS 11-17 and GPBG 108 × ABGS 11-24 for fruit yield per plant revealed significant positive heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard check.
Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in under-Five Children with Diarrhoea in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Olopade Bolatito Opeyemi , Ekuntuyi Oyindamola Betty , Odetoyin Babatunde Wumi , Onipede Anthony Oladehinde 
Published: October 2023

Aim: Cryptosporidiosis is the fifth leading cause of diarrhoea-related death globally among under-five children. This study was conducted to identify and characterize oocysts of Cryptosporidium in under-five children with diarrhoea in Ile-Ife.
Study Design: It was a case-control study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University between April, and October 2019.
Methodology: Ethical approval was obtained for this study. Consent was also obtained from the parents of the children. Stool samples from 53 children with diarrhoea (cases) and 94 children without diarrhoea (controls) under five years of age were collected. A structured proforma was used to obtain relevant information from the parents of the children. Stool samples were collected and examined macroscopically for consistency, appearance, and colour. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was carried out on all the stool samples. The samples positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts by staining were genotyped by nested polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by sequencing of their 18S rRNA genes. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 20 and STATA 15.
Results: The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among the study participants was 23.1% with rates of 43.4% (23) and 11.7% (11) for diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic children respectively. Of the 34 stool samples analysed, 6 (17.6%) were amplified by nested PCR and 4 (11.8%) were identified by sequencing. The species of Cryptosporidium identified were Cryptosporidium parvum (75%) and Cryptosporidium bovis (25%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, Cryptosporidiosis is prevalent among under-five children with Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium bovis as the infecting species.
Effect of Ultrasound Guided Thoracic Erector Spinae Plane Block or Modified Pectoral Fascial Plane Block on the Postoperative Analgesia after Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Gergis Marian Reda Abdo , Fetouh Nadia Hasan Ibrahim , Ismael Sameh Abdelkhalik A. , Elmazny Maram Ibrahim M. 
Published: October 2023

Background: The most common cancer in women worldwide is the breast cancer which needs surgical intervention in large number of cases. The current randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae plane block and ultrasound-guided modified PECs block for female patients subjected to modified radical mastectomy surgeries (MRM).
Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out in the Anasthesia Department at the Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Female patients aged between 21 and 64 years with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status II-III who were scheduled for unilateral Modified radical mastectomy were included. Patients had randomly classified us into three equal groups: 20 patients in each group. Group I: Control group (n=20): Patients of this group did not receive any nerve block, Group II: Erector Spinae plane Block (ESB) (n=20): Patients of this group received ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block with injection of (20 ml) of plain bupivacaine 0.25% injected beneath the erector spinae muscle sheath at the level of the fourth thoracic segment (T4) after induction of general anathesia, Group III: US-modified PEC block (n=20): Patients of this group received ultrasound guided modified PEC block with injection of (10 ml) of plain bupivacaine 0.25% injected between the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor muscle (PECs2)and (20ml)of the same solution between pectoralis major muscle and pectoralis minor muscle after induction of general anathesia.
Results: NRS showed a statistically significant decrease at T2 in group III compared to group II. (P value < 0.05). Comparison between the three groups in intra-operative and post-operative MAP showed statistically significant difference between groups throughout intraoperative and postoperative durations. MAP showed statistically significant decrease in groups II and III compared to group I (P value = 0.001). there was also a statistically significant difference between group II and group III in T0, T15, T45, T60, T00, T2 and T12 in favor of group III. Comparison between the three groups in intra-operative and post-operative HR showed statistically significant difference between groups throughout intraoperative and postoperative duration. HR showed statistically significant decrease in groups II and III compared to group I (P value = 0.001). There was also a statistically different decrease in HR between group II and group III in favor of group III (modified PECS group).
Conclusions: Both ESB and PECSII blocks provided adequate analgesia as indicated by lowering doses of intraoperative fentanyl consumption, longer duration of postoperative analgesia, lower doses of post-operative morphine consumption compared to general anesthesia alone.
Dosimetric characterization of a new surface‐conforming electron MLC prototype
Authors: Paschal Holly M. (Parenica) , Kabat Christopher N. , Martin Thomas , Saenz Daniel , Myers Pamela , Rasmussen Karl , Stathakis Sotirios , Bonnen Mark , Papanikolaou Nikos , Kirby Neil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose is to reduce normal tissue radiation toxicity for electron therapy through the creation of a surface‐conforming electron multileaf collimator (SCEM). The SCEM combines the benefits of skin collimation, electron conformal radiotherapy, and modulated electron radiotherapy.An early concept for the SCEM was constructed. It consists of leaves that protrude towards the patient, allowing the leaves to conform closely to irregular patient surfaces. The leaves are made of acrylic to decrease bremsstrahlung, thereby decreasing the out‐of‐field dose. Water tank scans were performed with the SCEM in place for various field sizes for all available electron energies (6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV) with a 0.5 cm air gap to the water surface at 100 cm source‐to‐surface distance (SSD). These measurements were compared with Cerrobend cutouts with the field size‐matched at 100 and 110 cm SSD. Output factor measurements were taken in solid water for each energy at dmax for both the cerrobend cutouts and SCEM at 100 cm SSD.Percent depth dose (PDD) curves for the SCEM shifted shallower for all energies and field sizes. The SCEM also produced a higher surface dose relative to Cerrobend cutouts, with the maximum being a 9.8% increase for the 3 cm × 9 cm field at 9 MeV. When compared to the Cerrobend cutouts at 110 cm SSD, the SCEM showed a significant decrease in the penumbra, particularly for lower energies (i.e., 6 and 9 MeV). The SCEM also showed reduced out‐of‐field dose and lower bremsstrahlung production than the Cerrobend cutouts. The SCEM provides significant improvement in the penumbra and out‐of‐field dose by allowing collimation close to the skin surface compared to Cerrobend cutouts. However, the added scatter from the SCEM increases shallow PDD values. Future work will focus on reducing this scatter while maintaining the penumbra and out‐of‐field benefits the SCEM has over conventional collimation.
Recent Advancement in Elimination Strategies and Potential Rejuvenation Targets of Senescence
Authors: Kureel Sanjay Kumar , Blair Brandon , Sheetz Michael P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCellular senescence is a state of exiting the cell cycle, resisting apoptosis, and changing phenotype. Senescent cells (SCs) can be identified by large, distorted morphology and irreversible inability to replicate. In early development, senescence has beneficial roles like tissue patterning and wound healing, where SCs are cleared by the immune system. However, there is a steep rise in SC number as organisms age. The issue with SC accumulation stems from the loss of cellular function, alterations of the microenvironment, and secretions of pro‐inflammatory molecules, consisting of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukins, and extracellular matrix (ECM)‐associated molecules. This secreted cocktail is referred to as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a hallmark of cellular senescence. The SASP promotes inflammation and displays a bystander effect where paracrine signaling turns proliferating cells into senescent states. To alleviate age‐associated diseases, researchers have developed novel methods and techniques to selectively eliminate SCs in aged individuals. Although studies demonstrated that selectively killing SCs improves age‐related disorders, there are drawbacks to SC removal. Considering favorable aspects of senescence in the body, this paper reviews recent advancements in elimination strategies and potential rejuvenation targets of senescence to bring researchers in the field up to date.
Divide and Conquer: Design of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Particles for Soft and Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Park Gyeongsuk , Lee Gun‐Hee , Lee Wonbeom , Kang Jiheong , Park Seongjun , Park Steve 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGallium‐based liquid metal (LM) has attracted considerable attention as a promising material for stretchable conductors due to its remarkable combination of deformability and metallic conductivity. However, LM inherently faces challenges such as high surface tension, resistance increase, electrical failure due to leakage, and limited mechanical stability. Recently, researchers have explored the concept of “dividing” bulk LM into microparticles (LMP) as a means of addressing these limitations. Nonetheless, the fabrication of LMP results in inherent electrical insulation, requiring additional activation steps to enable their use as stretchable conductors. In this review, the potential of LMP is discussed as an alternative to bulk LM and explore various methods to generate stable LMP‐based conductors and electrically activate LMP for their implementation in soft and stretchable electronics.
Textile‐Based Stretchable Supercapacitors with Liquid Metal Current Collectors
Authors: Choi Min‐Young , Kim Ji‐Hye , Kim Sung‐Kon , Koo Hyung‐Jun , So Ju‐Hee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStretchable supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted attention as energy storage devices for wearable electronics due to their excellent power performance, low heat generation, and ease of integration into clothing. This paper presents a stretchable SC composed of liquid metal current collectors on textile substrates. For the liquid metal and textile‐based supercapacitors (LM/Tex SCs), the wetting characteristics and electrical resistance of the liquid metal on different types of textile substrates are investigated. The wettability of the carbon nanotube suspension for an electrochemically active material is also affected by the chemical and structural properties of the textile substrates. The intrinsically stretchable LM/Tex SCs are fabricated by sandwiching a soft gel electrolyte layer between the two liquid metal and textile‐based electrodes. The optimized SCs based on the polyester/neoprene textile exhibit a high areal capacitance of 527.8 mF cm−2 and maintain more than 90% of their initial capacitance after 1000 repetitive stretching cycles. Finally, it is demonstrated that the LM/Tex SC is readily integrated into a shirt and reliably supplies electrical energy to light up a light‐emitting diode even under human motion.
Ternary Electrification for Efficient Charge Accumulation and Synergetic Charge Collection
Authors: Shan Chuncai , Li Kaixian , Wu Huiyuan , Fu Shaoke , Liu Anping , Wang Jian , Zhang Xuemei , Liu Boyuan , Wang Xue , Hu Chenguo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA direct current triboelectric nanogenerator (DC‐TENG) based on corona discharge has a high efficiency in collecting electrification charges. However, enhancing the constant current output with an ultra‐low crest factor and average power density of DC‐TENG through a rational structure design is still a great challenge. Herein, a novel ternary dielectric electrification TENG (TDE‐TENG) is proposed with Kapton/electrode/Polytetrafluoroetylene (PTFE) on the slider and Polyurethane (PU) modified by PTFE powder on the stator. The PTFE powder is coated on PU film to regulate its triboelectricity and realize its electropositivity/electronegativity under friction with PTFE/Kaption, which is an important discovery for tribomaterials. The collecting electrode on the slider can synergistically capture charges generated from its adjacent two tribo‐materials. This structure of TDE‐TENG can further realize multiple unit integration to fully capture the tribo‐charges. TDE‐TENG achieves a charge density of 5.5 mC m−2 and a constant current output with an ultra‐low crest factor of 1.02 at 30 rpm. Moreover, the sliding TDE‐TENG has an average power density of 12.4 W m−2, which breaks the record for all sliding DC‐TENGs. The direct connection of the 4‐unit TDE‐TENG with the PMC generates an output charge of 1.17 mC s−1. This work provides a novel strategy for enhancing DC‐TENG output performance.
Self‐Assembled Perovskite Nanocomposite With Beneficial Lattice Tensile Strain as High Active and Durable Cathode for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Du Zhihong , Shen Leyu , Gong Yue , Zhang Min , Zhang Jingyan , Feng Jiangyuan , Li Keyun , Świerczek Konrad , Zhao Hailei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at low temperatures and the fast degradation of the cathode are the main obstacles to the commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, it is still very challenging to achieve both high catalytic activity and favorable stability for single‐phase materials. Herein, a highly active and durable nanocomposite cathode (Ba0.5Sr0.5)0.75Pr0.25Co0.575Fe0.3W0.125O3‐δ (BSPCFW) for low‐temperature SOFC (≤650 °C) is presented, which self‐assembles into two cubic perovskites: the simple perovskite Pr0.38Ba0.25Sr0.37Co0.62Fe0.38O3‐δ (PBSCF‐c) and the B‐site cations ordered double perovskite Ba1.30Sr0.70Co1.0Fe0.25W0.75O6‐δ (BSCFW‐c). The former PBSCF‐c serves as the highly conductive and active catalyst for ORR, while the latter BSCFW‐c with a large lattice parameter introduces a key beneficial lattice tensile strain into the PBSCF‐c phase through a coherent interface, which significantly promotes the ORR activity at low temperatures with the area specific resistance of 0.034 Ω cm2 at 650 °C, and the long‐term stability of 2 years storage and 1280 h operation in symmetrical cell. The introduction of the beneficial lattice tensile strain in self‐assembled composite catalysts is an effective way to synergistically enhance the electrochemical activity and durability of the electrode materials for electrochemical devices.
Self‐Trapped Excitons‐Based Warm‐White Afterglow by Room‐Temperature Engineering toward Intelligent Multi‐Channel Information System
Authors: Yang Huanxin , Chen Xiangxiang , Lu Haolin , Li Yue , Sun Wenda , Zhang Yuhai , Liu Xiaowang , Long Guankui , Zhang Libing , Li Xiyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the era of intelligence, the output colors of foundational phosphors are expected to be controlled by programs, while current activators‐determined afterglow candidates with fixed spectral channel have limitations in creating customized colors. Here, a long‐lived warm‐white emission is successfully demonstrated originating from self‐trapped excitons (STEs) in non‐toxic Cs2NaInCl6:Ag,Bi, ranging from 400 to 850 nm, of which the afterglow color can be easily customized using filters. This investigation indicates that 3% of Ag alloying breaks the dark STEs and introduces traps for efficient afterglow, while 3% Bi doping further improves the quantum yield to ≈100% and greatly enhances afterglow by ≈100‐fold compared with the initial intensity, allowing for an impressive afterglow persistence of over 20,000 s. Intriguingly, the self‐trapped defect bands from Jahn‐Teller distortions are prolonged from hundreds of femtoseconds to several hours, and they are first detected in the steady‐state absorption spectra after the cessation of excitation sources, contributing to the concluded dynamic afterglow model for STEs. And its intelligent application is corroborated by designed multi‐channel information system. These findings offer a novel scheme for understanding dynamic luminescence of STEs and supply an exemplification of designing white afterglow phosphors.
Temporal Enzymatic Treatment to Enhance the Remodeling of Multiple Cartilage Microtissues into a Structurally Organized Tissue
Authors: Burdis Ross , Gallostra Xavier Barceló , Kelly Daniel J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractScaffold‐free tissue engineering aims to recapitulate key aspects of normal developmental processes to generate biomimetic grafts. Although functional cartilaginous tissues are engineered using such approaches, considerable challenges remain. Herein, the benefits of engineering cartilage via the fusion of multiple cartilage microtissues compared to using (millions of) individual cells to generate a cartilaginous graft are demonstrated. Key advantages include the generation of a richer extracellular matrix, more hyaline‐like cartilage phenotype, and superior shape fidelity. A major drawback of aggregate engineering is that individual microtissues do not completely (re)model and remnants of their initial architectures remain throughout the macrotissue. To address this, a temporal enzymatic (chondroitinase‐ABC) treatment is implemented to accelerate structural (re)modeling and shown to support robust fusion between adjacent microtissues, enhance microtissue (re)modeling, and enable the development of a more biomimetic tissue with a zonally organized collagen network. Additionally, enzymatic treatment is shown to modulate matrix composition, tissue phenotype, and to a lesser extent, tissue mechanics. This work demonstrates that microtissue self‐organization is an effective method for engineering scaled‐up cartilage grafts with a predefined geometry and near‐native levels of matrix accumulation. Importantly, key limitations associated with using biological building blocks can be alleviated by temporal enzymatic treatment during graft development.
Electroactive Polymers for On‐Demand Drug Release
Authors: Alkahtani Manal E. , Elbadawi Moe , Chapman Christopher A. R. , Green Rylie A. , Gaisford Simon , Orlu Mine , Basit Abdul W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConductive materials have played a significant role in advancing society into the digital era. Such materials are able to harness the power of electricity and are used to control many aspects of daily life. Conductive polymers (CPs) are an emerging group of polymers that possess metal‐like conductivity yet retain desirable polymeric features, such as processability, mechanical properties, and biodegradability. Upon receiving an electrical stimulus, CPs can be tailored to achieve a number of responses, such as harvesting energy and stimulating tissue growth. The recent FDA approval of a CP‐based material for a medical device has invigorated their research in healthcare. In drug delivery, CPs can act as electrical switches, drug release is achieved at a flick of a switch, thereby providing unprecedented control over drug release. In this review, recent developments in CP as electroactive polymers for voltage‐stimuli responsive drug delivery systems are evaluated. The review demonstrates the distinct drug release profiles achieved by electroactive formulations, and both the precision and ease of stimuli response. This level of dynamism promises to yield “smart medicines” and warrants further research. The review concludes by providing an outlook on electroactive formulations in drug delivery and highlighting their integral roles in healthcare IoT.