bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation implications of isotopic variation in nails and blood with wetland quality in three species of Australian freshwater turtle
Authors: Francis Roxane J. , Brandis Kate J. , Chessman Bruce C. , Slavich Eve , Kingsford Richard T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Australian freshwater turtles are declining, reflecting global turtle trends. Understanding variation in turtle diets and habitat requirements can guide protection and restoration of ecosystems. Diet and niche overlap were investigated in three co‐existing species of turtle—the broad‐shelled turtle Chelodina expansa, the eastern long‐necked turtle C. longicollis and the Macquarie turtle Emydura macquarii, in three rivers in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, in relation to environmental variables.
Dietary variation in relation to water quality (salinity) and macrophyte cover was investigated using stable isotope analyses (δ15N and δ13C) of turtle tissues (plasma, red blood cell, whole blood and nail) representing food assimilation over different antecedent periods. These stable isotope results were consistent with current dietary understanding based on stomach flushing, indicating that isotope analyses are a non‐invasive method for obtaining dietary information.
There were temporal dietary differences, with strong shifts between spring and summer sampling periods, particularly in the blood plasma. Intraspecific variation in diets reflected in δ15N and δ13C related to body size. There was evidence of high dietary overlap among the three species, potentially creating competition, particularly when they co‐occur or resources might be limited.
Continued degradation of turtle habitats and water quality affects turtle diet and reduces habitat availability, forcing the three species of turtle to co‐exist in diminishing refugia, increasing interspecific competition for food. Protecting and restoring freshwater ecosystems, including maintaining freshwater refugia, is essential to conserve already declining populations of the three Australian freshwater turtle species.
Synthesis of 2‐(pyridylvinyl)chromen‐4‐ones and their N‐oxide analogs for assessment of their biological activities as anticancer agents
Authors: Ding Yu Chun , Chu Yi‐Cheng , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Liang Jia‐Hua , Chen Jih‐Jung , Shih Tzenge‐Lien 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2‐Styrylchromones have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. Replacing the carbon atom in 2‐styrylchromones with a nitrogen atom in the benzene rings forms 2‐(pyridylvinyl)chromen‐4‐ones (aza‐2‐styrylchromones). We have synthesized a series of novel 2‐(pyridylvinyl)chromen‐4‐ones and their pyridine N‐oxides to evaluate them as potential anticancer agents against human non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells (A549). Among the 18 synthesized molecules, compounds 18 and 8a exhibited comparable inhibitory effects to 5‐fluorouracil and showed no toxicity against normal cells.
Current scenario of chalcone hybrids with antibreast cancer therapeutic applications
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhu Juanying , Zhang Qianru , Tang Jie , Huang Xufeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBreast cancer, an epithelial malignant tumor that occurs in the terminal ducts of the breast, is the most common female malignancy. Currently, approximately 70%–80% of breast cancer with early‐stage, nonmetastatic disorder is curable, but the emergency of drug resistance often leads to treatment failure. Moreover, advanced breast cancer with distant organ metastases is incurable with the available therapeutics, creating an urgent demand to explore novel antibreast cancer agents. Chalcones, the precursors for flavonoids and isoflavonoids, exhibit promising activity against various breast cancer hallmarks, inclusive of proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, inflammation, stemness, and regulation of cancer epigenetics, representing useful scaffolds for the discovery of novel antibreast cancer chemotherapeutic candidates. In particular, chalcone hybrids could act on two or more different biological targets simultaneously with more efficacy, lower toxicity, and less susceptibility to resistance. Accordingly, there is a huge scope for application of chalcone hybrids to tackle the present difficulties in breast cancer therapy. This review outlines the chalcone hybrids with antibreast cancer potential developed from 2018. The structure–activity relationships as well as mechanisms of action are also discussed to shed light on the development of more effective and multitargeted chalcone candidates.
Improving the descendant relationship of cluster galaxies atz< 1
Authors: Souza de Jesus Cleivison , Luis Batista Ribeiro Andre , Cordula Dantas Christine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study how to improve well‐known techniques for detecting progenitors/descendants of galaxies, such as the NDpredict program, when applied to galaxies in clusters. The improvement of this particular method is based on the use of the red sequence of galaxies in those environments. Objects close to the red sequence in the color and magnitude diagram are more likely to belong to the cluster. This defines a probability scale which is then combined with the one generated by NDpredict. This procedure is optimized for the study of galaxies in clusters over different epochs. Our main result is that, for a sample composed of clusters, with masses greater than , selected from the IllustrisTNG simulations (namely, the TNG100 runs). In of the cases (i.e., systems), we obtain better performance with the red sequence method in comparison to the original NDpredict, and the average gain obtained is in the identification of descendants for this sample of cluster galaxies.
Tetralogy of Fallot: Hypoxia, the villain of the story?
Authors: Bojórquez Martínez Carlos Ariel , García Murillo Ingrid Montserrat , Segón Mora Santiago , López Mereles Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a cyanotic congenital heart disease, composed of four malformations: persistent communication between the right and the left ventricle, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricle hypertrophy. The etiology of this disease is not entirely known as yet, but it has been proposed that the pathology has genetic components. During embryonic development, the fetus is exposed to a physiological hypoxia to facilitate the formation of blood vessels and blood cells through de novo processes.MethodsAfter researching scientific databases on the implications of oxygen on the normal and abnormal development of organs, especially the heart, we were able to propose that oxygen deprivation may be the cause of the disease.ResultsDuring this period, the hypoxia‐inducible factor is activated and triggers transcriptional responses that enable adaptation to the hypoxic environment through angiogenic activation. High levels of this protein can alter certain physiological pathways, such as those related to the vascular endothelial growth factor. Research has shown that prolonged oxygen deprivation during embryological development can lead to the occurrence of congenital heart diseases, such as ToF.ConclusionsStudies using animal models have demonstrated that the deficiency or disruption of a protein called “CITED2,” which plays an important role in cardiac morphogenesis and its loss, results in the alteration of pluripotent, cardiac, and neural lineage differentiation, thereby disrupting the normal development of the heart and other tissues.
Unveiling the potential anti‐cancer activity of calycosin against multivarious cancers with molecular insights: A promising frontier in cancer research
Authors: Sohel Md , Zahra Shova Fatema Tuj , shuvo Shahporan , Mahjabin Taiyara , Mojnu Mia Md. , Halder Dibyendu , Islam Hafizul , Roman Mogal Md , Biswas Partha , Saha Hasi Rani , Sarkar Bidhan Chandra , Mamun Abdullah Al 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCalycosin may be a potential candidate regarding chemotherapeutic agent, because already some studies against multivarious cancer have been made with this natural compound.AimThis review elucidated a brief overview of previous studies on calycosin potential effects on various cancers and its potential mechanism of action.MethodologyData retrieved by systematic searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus by using keywords including calycosin, cancer types, anti‐cancer mechanism, synergistic, and pharmacokinetic and commonly used tools are BioRender, ChemDraw Professional 16.0, and ADMETlab 2.0.ResultsBased on our review, calycosin is available in nature and effective against around 15 different types of cancer. Generally, the anti‐cancer mechanism of this compound is mediated through a variety of processes, including regulation of apoptotic pathways, cell cycle, angiogenesis and metastasis, oncogenes, enzymatic pathways, and signal transduction process. These study conducted in various study models, including in silico, in vitro, preclinical and clinical models. The molecular framework behind the anti‐cancer effect is targeting some oncogenic and therapeutic proteins and multiple signaling cascades. Therapies based on nano‐formulated calycosin may make excellent nanocarriers for the delivery of this compound to targeted tissue as well as particular organ. This natural compound becomes very effective when combined with other natural compounds and some standard drugs. Moreover, proper use of this compound can reverse resistance to existing anti‐cancer drugs through a variety of strategies. Calycosin showed better pharmacokinetic properties with less toxicity in human bodies.ConclusionCalycosin exhibits excellent potential as a therapeutic drug against several cancer types and should be consumed until standard chemotherapeutics are available in pharma markets.
GLUT1 regulates the release of VEGF‐A in the alveolar epithelium of lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Liang Yan , Zhang Hailing , Li Jiahui , Wang Xilong , Xie Jianpeng , Li Yijian , Li Jiehong , Qian Yunyao , Zhang Haiyun , Wang Tao , Tang Haixiong , Chen Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease with high mortality and poor prognosis, characterized by excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) contributes to the development and progression of ALI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in alveolar epithelial VEGF‐A production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI. An ALI mouse model was induced by LPS oropharyngeal instillation. Mice were challenged with LPS and then treated with WZB117, a specific antagonist of GLUT1. For the vitro experiments, cultured A549 cells (airway epithelial cell line) were exposed to LPS, with or without the GLUT1 inhibitors WZB117 or BAY876. LPS significantly upregulated of GLUT1 and VEGF‐A both in the lung from ALI mice and in cultured A549. In vivo, treatment with WZB117 not only markedly decreased LPS‐induced pulmonary edema, injury, neutrophilia, as well as levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but also reduced VEGF‐A production. Yet, the maximum tolerated concentration of WZB117 failed to suppress LPS‐induced VEGF‐A overexpression in vitro. While administration of BAY876 inhibited gene and protein expression as well as secretion of VEGF‐A in response to LPS in A549. These results illustrated that GLUT1 upregulates VEGF‐A production in alveolar epithelia from LPS‐induced ALI, and inhibition of GLUT1 alleviates ALI.
Ag‐Nanocatalysts Based on Porous Organic Polymers in Chemical Fixation of CO2 for the N‐Methylation and N‐Formylation of Amines
Authors: Chakrabortty Pekham , Kumar Susmitha , Chowdhury Avik , Khan Aslam , Bhaumik Asim , Islam Sk Manirul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChemical fixation of CO2 for the synthesis of valuable chemicals is very demanding in the context of green and sustainable chemistry. Herein, we report highly efficient silver‐loaded porous organic polymer catalysts for the exclusive N‐formylation and N‐methylation of amines under ambient reaction conditions using CO2 as a green C1 source. By adjusting the solvent and temperature of the reaction, the successful production of formamides and methylamines could be accomplished with high levels of selectivity and efficiency. POP‐based materials Ag@TTP‐1 and Ag@PAN‐T are utilized as low‐cost catalysts for both the N‐methylation and N‐formylation of primary and secondary amines and the product yields up to 98 % could be achieved. Ag@TTP‐1 demonstrated superior catalytic efficiency compared to Ag@PAN‐T in the N‐methylation and N‐formylation reactions. This result suggests that the grafting of Ag nanoparticles onto POP surface with a high surface area plays a crucial role in these CO2 fixation reactions. The above‐mentioned catalysts (Ag@TTP‐1 and Ag@PAN‐T) are characterized through powder XRD, FT IR spectroscopy, FE‐SEM, TEM, thermogravimetric techniques, N2 sorption and XPS analysis. Ag‐nanocatalysts demonstrated heterogeneous nature and high recycling efficiency for several cycles in this CO2 fixation reaction.
Organic Polar Crystals, Second Harmonic Generation, and Piezoelectric Effects from Heteroadamantanes in the Space Group R3m
Authors: Abdur‐Rashid Kareem , Saha Shraman K. , Mugisha Jules , Teale Sam , Wang Sasa , Saber Meelad , Lough Alan J. , Sargent Edward H. , Fekl Ulrich 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolar crystalline materials, a subset of the non‐centrosymmetric materials, are highly sought after. Their symmetry properties make them pyroelectric and also piezoelectric and capable of second‐harmonic generation (SHG). For SHG and piezoelectric applications, metal oxides are commonly used. The advantages of oxides are durability and hardness – downsides are the need for high‐temperature synthesis/processing and often the need to include toxic metals. Organic polar crystals, on the other hand, can avoid toxic metals and can be amenable to solution‐state processing. While the vast majority of polar organic molecules crystallize in non‐polar space groups, we found that both 7‐chloro‐1,3,5‐triazaadamantane, for short Cl‐TAA, and also the related Br‐TAA (but not I‐TAA) form polar crystals in the space group R3m, easily obtained from dichloromethane solution. Measurements confirm piezoelectric and SHG properties for Cl‐TAA and Br‐TAA. When the two species are crystallized together, solid solutions form, suggesting that properties of future materials can be tuned continuously.
Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of a pH‐Sensitive Quadracyclic Uridine (qU) Analogue
Authors: Le Hoang‐Ngoan , Kuchlyan Jagannath , Baladi Tom , Albinsson Bo , Dahlén Anders , Wilhelmsson L. Marcus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFluorescent base analogues (FBAs) have become useful tools for applications in biophysical chemistry, chemical biology, live‐cell imaging, and RNA therapeutics. Herein, two synthetic routes towards a novel FBA of uracil named qU (quadracyclic uracil/uridine) are described. The qU nucleobase bears a tetracyclic fused ring system and is designed to allow for specific Watson‐Crick base pairing with adenine. We find that qU absorbs light in the visible region of the spectrum and emits brightly with a quantum yield of 27 % and a dual‐band character in a wide pH range. With evidence, among other things, from fluorescence lifetime measurements we suggest that this dual emission feature results from an excited‐state proton transfer (ESPT) process. Furthermore, we find that both absorption and emission of qU are highly sensitive to pH. The high brightness in combination with excitation in the visible and pH responsiveness makes qU an interesting native‐like nucleic acid label in spectroscopy and microscopy applications in, for example, the field of mRNA and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics.
One‐Step Photochemical Preparation of CdS/Poly(MMA‐co‐MAA) Composite with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Huang Zhenxun , Ma Qingrong , Sun Fengqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a one‐step photochemical method for the preparation of CdS/Poly(MMA‐co‐MAA) composite photocatalyst, based on the concept of simultaneous photocatalytic polymerization of organic monomers during UV‐light induced formation of CdS. The preparation is carried out in an aqueous solution of Na2S2O3, CdSO4, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), under a UV lamp. The continuously formed CdS particles with photocatalytic activity act the role of initiator to directly initiate the copolymerization of MMA and MAA, resulting in the in situ formation of the composite and full contact of the CdS particles with the oxygen‐containing groups in the polymer. Taking the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as a case study, the composite exhibited significantly higher activity under simulated solar light compared to the pure CdS. By analysis on various data, the enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, and especially the high electron‐hole separation efficiency caused by the electrostatic interaction between photogenerated holes and carbonyl oxygen atoms with negatively charged features. Furthermore, the composite displays excellent sunlight activity and recyclability, suggesting its potential for practical applications. Such a one‐step construction strategy relying only on photo‐energy is green, low‐cost and promising in obtaining high‐performance semiconductor/polymer composite photocatalysts.
Total Synthesis of Ganoderma Meroterpenoids Cochlearol B and Its Congeners Driven by Structural Similarity and Biological Homology
Authors: Zhou Qin , Ma Xia , Qiao Jin‐Bao , He Wen‐Jing , Jiang Ming‐Rui , Shao Hui , Zhao Yu‐Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSecondary metabolites that have the same biological origin must share some relationship in their biosynthesis. Exploring this relationship has always been a significant task for synthetic biologists. However, from the perspective of synthetic chemists, it is equally important to propose, prove, or refute potential biosynthetic pathways in order to elucidate and understand the biosynthesis of homologous secondary metabolites. In this study, driven by the high structural similarity between the homologous Ganoderma meroterpenoids cochlearol B and ganocin B, two chemically synthetic strategies were designed and investigated sequentially for the synthesis of cochlearol B from ganocin B. These strategies include intramolecular metal‐catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) and intramolecular photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition. The aim was to reveal their potential biosynthetic conversion relationship using chemical synthesis methods. As a result, a highly efficient total synthesis of cochlearol B, cochlearol T, cochlearol F, as well as the formal total synthesis of ganocins A–B, and ganocochlearins C–D, has been achieved. Additionally, a novel synthetic approach for the synthesis of 6,6‐disubstituted 6H‐dibenzo[b,d]pyran and its analogues has been developed through palladium(II)‐catalyzed Wacker‐type/cross‐coupling cascade reactions.
Contractility, ventriculoarterial coupling, and stroke work after acute myocardial infarction using CMR‐derived pressure‐volume loop data
Authors: Nordlund David , Lav Theodor , Jablonowski Robert , Khoshnood Ardavan , Ekelund Ulf , Atar Dan , Erlinge David , Engblom Henrik , Arheden Håkan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive left ventricular (LV) pressure‐volume (PV) loops derived by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) have recently been shown to enable characterization of cardiac hemodynamics. Thus, such PV loops could potentially provide additional diagnostic information such as contractility, arterial elastance (Ea) and stroke work (SW) currently not available in clinical routine. This study sought to investigate to what extent PV‐loop variables derived with a novel noninvasive method can provide incremental physiological information over cardiac dimensions and blood pressure in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsA total of 100 patients with acute MI and 75 controls were included in the study. All patients underwent CMR 2−6 days after MI including assessment of myocardium at risk (MaR) and infarct size (IS). Noninvasive PV loops were generated from CMR derived LV volumes and brachial blood pressure measurements. The following variables were quantified: Maximal elastance (Emax) reflecting contractility, Ea, ventriculoarterial coupling (Ea/Emax), SW, potential energy, external power, energy per ejected volume, and efficiency.ResultsAll PV‐loop variables were significantly different in MI patients compared to healthy volunteers, including contractility (Emax: 1.34 ± 0.48 versus 1.50 ± 0.41 mmHg/mL, p = .024), ventriculoarterial coupling (Ea/Emax: 1.27 ± 0.61 versus 0.73 ± 0.17, p < .001) and SW (0.96 ± 0.32 versus 1.38 ± 0.32 J, p < .001). These variables correlated to both MaR and IS (Emax: r2 = 0.25 and r2 = 0.29; Ea/Emax: r2 = 0.36 and r2 = 0.41; SW: r2 = 0.21 and r2 = 0.25).ConclusionsNoninvasive PV‐loops provide physiological information beyond conventional diagnostic variables, such as ejection fraction, early after MI, including measures of contractility, ventriculoarterial coupling, and SW.
A digital geometric approach for discrete Voronoi diagram construction using GPU
Authors: Dhar Soumi , Pal Shyamosree , Bhattacharjee Gaurav , Pandey Abhishek 
Published: January 2024

SummaryVoronoi diagram is a versatile geometric structure used in solving many computational geometry problems in the field of image analysis, computer vision, engineering, medicine, molecular biology and various other disciplines. As a result it is a popular research domain. The literature boasts of many elegant and efficient methods for the construction of the Voronoi diagram in the real space. But these algorithms often fail to perform well when applied to the discrete domain. We present in this paper a novel algorithm for the construction of discrete Voronoi diagram using digital geometric concepts that takes care of the geometric perspective of the Voronoi diagram in the discrete domain. Although our technique is more suited for the CPU but by careful use of some cut‐off heuristics we are able to design a parallel programming approach for the construction of the Voronoi diagram making use of the GPU computational power. The speedup of our algorithm is compatible with the popular GPU technique for Voronoi diagram construction, namely, Jump flood algorithm. But since our algorithm uses the geometric perspective for the construction of Voronoi diagram it gives more accurate output and hence requires no correction step as is the case for the Jump flood algorithm. Furthermore, our approach focuses on extensibility, allowing for easy amenability for construction of higher dimensional Voronoi diagram. This ensures that the Voronoi diagram generation process can be adapted and expanded upon to meet specific requirements or incorporate future enhancements. We present an implementation of the proposed algorithm on a GPU using TAICHI language and describe its performance benefits on multiple input sites.