bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRY EYE SYNDROME AND THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) IN HOSPITAL MEDICAL WORKERS)
Authors: NUR SHANI MEIDA  , Prifina Windy Aulia  , Yunani Setyandriana  
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Background: The need to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) during a pandemic can cause dry eye syndrome. It will increase sweating so reduce tear production and the use of masks increase air flow to the eye area so that tear evaporation increases. Objective: To determine the relationship between the incidence of dry eye syndrome and the use of PPE in hospital medical personnel.
Methods : Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design using the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire. The research was carried out at the Cilacap Hospital in 2021. There were 49 samples (51% male and 49% female), with an age range of 20-50 years. The data was analyzed by using the Spearmans test.
Results : Results: The incidence of dry eye syndrome was 69.5% (mild 18.4%, moderate 18.4%, severe 32.7%). As many as 53.1% of the incidence of dry eye syndrome occurred in wearing PPE for more than 4 hours and was more common in the use of PPE level 1 (40.8%), followed by level 3 (36.7%) and level 2 (22.5%). In the Spearman's test, it was found that there was a significant association between the incidence of dry eyes syndrome and the use of PPE (duration and level of PPE) (p<0.05) but had a weak relationship strength (r=0.3).
Conclusion : Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the incidence of dry eyes syndrome and the use of PPE (duration and level of PPE use) but has a weak relationship strength.
Anterior Orbitotomy with Transcutaneous Approach as Management of Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Sheilla Selvina  , M. Rinaldi Dahlan  , Shanti F Boesoirie  , R. Angga Kartiwa  , Niluh Putu Ayu Dewi  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Orbital cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign orbital lesion in adults. Management of cavernous hemangioma depends on the presented symptoms. Visual impairment is indication of surgical management. Anterior orbitotomy is the preferred surgical technique for cavernous hemangioma.
Case Illustration : A 34-years-old male came with chief complaint of mass in the inferior palpebra left eye (LE) accompanied with double vision for three years. Visual acuity of the right eye (RE) was 1.0 and LE was 0.8. Ophthalmology examination revealed hypertropia, non-axial proptosis, mass lesion sized 4 x2 cm in the left inferior palpebra and RAPD grade I in the LE (Figure 1). Funduscopy examination in both eyes was within normal limit. CT-Scan examination showed intraconal and extraconal inhomogen mass lobulated in the left inferomedial which obliterate inferior and medial rectus muscle (Figure 2). Patient was diagnosed with proptosis and compressive optic neuropathy in LE caused by suspected orbital cavernous hemangioma. Anterior orbitotomy with transcutaneous approach was done (Figure 3). Histopathological examination showed proliferation of large blood vessels lined with endothelial cells as characteristic of cavernous hemangioma (Figure 4). There was improvement of visual acuity and no RAPD after surgery (Figure 5).
Discussion : Orbital cavernous hemangioma can compress optic nerve which will cause visual disturbances. Anterior orbitotomy with transcutaneous approach provides wider space when surgeon take out hemangioma completely. It will reduce bleeding caused by truncated mass of hemangioma and increase successful rate of surgery.
Conclusion : Anterior orbitotomy with transcutaneous approach can correct globe displacement and visual disturbances caused by orbital cavernous hemangioma.
From Trauma to Triumph: A Successful Outcome of Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Primasakti Pattih , Helvanda Weni 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is a medical condition characterized by the presence of a foreign object within the eye. IOFBs can cause significant damage to the eye, leading to vision loss, ocular inflammation, and even blindness.
Case Illustration : We present a case report of a 37-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department with a history of sudden-onset eye pain and decreased vision in the right eye after a gravel had struck him in the eye while working in a field. Slit-lamp examination revealed a 4mm corneal rupture, iris damage, and traumatic cataract. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of the foreign body in inferonasal quadrant of the retina. The patients underwent vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade was placed to support the retina. Foreign body had shattered into small pieces and aspirated during vitrectomy. Endolaser photocoagulation was performed to contain the injury site. Lens was removed and iris claw was implanted. Visual acuity improved from hand movement to 20/100. No signs of endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, or other complications were noted during the follow-up period. ultrasound confirmed the absence of foreign body.
Discussion : IOFBs is a sight-threatening condition that can result from various occupational or recreational activities, as well as accidental trauma. Depending on the size, shape, and composition of the foreign body, it can cause damage to the cornea, iris, lens, vitreous, and retina, leading to vision loss or permanent visual impairment.
Conclusion : The management of IOFBs depends on the location, size, IOFB composition, and severity of ocular trauma. Vitrectomy is an effective approach
MANAGEMENT EALES’ DISEASE GRADE III B: A RARE CASE
Authors: Evasha Agung Putra , Amin Ramzi , Ansyori AK 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Eales' disease is an idiopathic occlusive retinal vasculopathy that mostly affects the peripheral retina bilaterally in young, predominately male patients. A hallmark of eales disease is recurrent vitreous hemorrage can all cause some patients to experience severe vision loss
Case Illustration : A 39-year-old male with vitreous hemorrhage caused by Eales Disease grade III B with initial visual acuity 1/300. Ultrasound imaging showed the membrane like lesion with 1/2 retinal reflectivity, after moderate movement and vitreous hemorrhage on both eyes. The photo-fundus showed there is decreased fovea reflex and perimacular exudate with visible contours of sclerotic blood vessels, visible cotton wall spot, and macroaneurysm. There is also haze grade 3 on media, visible folds in the inferior part, visible shadows of cotton wall spots. The patient was managed with pars plana vitrectomy with endolaser
Discussion : In this case, patient was diagnosed as vitreous hemorrhage caused by Eales Disease grade III B on both eyes but it getting worse on left eye further. We chose to perform PPV with endolaser on right eye. The outcome was good on right eye based on better visual acuity and decreased hemorrhage, but in the left eye, which not treated, worsen outcome occurred
Conclusion : The management of this patient’s case showed good results in both anatomic and functional outcomes for right eye, but unfortunately left eye is on serious problem
COMPARATIVE VALIDITY OF LEA CONTRAST SENSITIVITY CHART TO PELLI-ROBSON CONTRAST SENSITIVITY CHART IN NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY PATIENTS
Authors: Valencia Lovenia , Prihatningtias Riski 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVEThe Pelli-Robson and LEA contrast sensitivity chart are widely used to measure clinical contrastsensitivity. The Pelli-Robson is a gold standard with the limitation of its bulky size. The LEAcontrast sensitivity chart offers a reliable test in a way more practical and portable chart. Thiscondition led to a question of whether we can predict Pelli-Robson score based on the LEA score.This study developed a conversion method to facilitate the transition from the LEA to the PelliRobson and validating the conversion score.
METHODSThis study retrospectively examined the relationship between LEA and Pelli-Robson ContrastSensitivity Test. There were 120 eyes included in this study. We produced a conversion tableusing the equipercentile equating method. Then, we evaluated the reliability and accuracy of thisalgorithm to convert the LEA to the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity score.
RESULTSLEA scores were converted to Pelli-Robson scores according to a conversion table that achieveda reliability of 0.91 based on intraclass correlation. The accuracy of this algorithm was 81.6%within 1 point difference from the raw score.
CONCLUSIONSThis study reported a reliable and comparable conversion algorithm for transforming LEA scoresinto converted estimated Pelli-Robson scores. This method will enhance the utility of existing datain clinical and research settings.
Unusual Presentation of Lipemia Retinalis Presented with Visual Field Defect
Authors: Regina Ivanovna  , Irma Suwandi Sadikin  , Dearaini  , Eduard Jordi Luminta  , Rina La Distia Nora  , Yulia Aziza  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Lipemia retinalis is an ocular presentation that associated to hypertriglyceridemia. Most cases are usually asymptomatic, with changes detected only from fundus examination. This case report highlights a case of lipemia retinalis with decreased peripheral visual field.
Case Illustration : Thirty four year-old female came with complaint of blurry right eye (RE) 3 months before hospital visit, especially on inferotemporal part of her right eye. She had history of diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. Her sister also has known history of hypertriglyceridemia. Ophthalmological examination revealed 6/6 visual acuity on both eyes, with normal anterior segment of both eyes. Fundus examination showed creamy retinal vessels on both eyes. Humphrey perimetry result showed inferotemporal visual field defect of RE. At time of visit, triglyceride level was 1440 mg/dL. Patient was prescribed fenofibrate 1x300 mg daily by Endocrinology Department. After 6 months of fenofibrate therapy, serum triglyceride level was decreasing to 185 mg/dL. Ophthalmology exam revealed a significant decrease of creamy white vessel on right eye and normal vessel of left eye. Humphrey perimetry showed decreased visual field defect
Discussion : Hypertriglyceridemia can result from familial or secondary to systemic diseases. Creamy vessel appearance in lipemia retinalis is resulted from presence of triglyceride-laden chylomicrons in the plasma. Lipemia retinalis rarely manifests with reduced peripheral vision, which is presented in this case.
Conclusion : Lipemia retinalis is often overlooked due to its asymptomatic nature. Prompt recognition might be live saving from life-threatening condition resulting from hypertriglyceridemia. Triglyceride- lowering drug therapy is very useful in improving peripheral field defect as presented in our case report.
Devastating Mooren Ulcer Halt by Timely Aggressive Treatment - A Case Report
Authors: Florentina Priscilia  , Lily Raudah Putri  , Annisa Windyani  , Ferdy Iskandar  , Triana Hardianti Gunardi  , Yulia Aziza  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Mooren ulcer is a progressive and painful peripheral ulcerative keratitis of unknown cause. Study aims to show effective aggressive treatment for Mooren ulcer.
Case Illustration : A 43-year-old man was admitted with a marked clinical worsening of the white tissue covering the cornea, accompanied by pain, redness, and blurry vision of the left eye. Initial examination showed visual acuity of 6/21cc. Peripheral corneal ulcer was found from 6 to 2 clock hours with superficial vascularization and epithelial defect. Patient underwent ancillary examinations with unremarkable findings. Patient was diagnosed with Mooren Ulcer and treated with artificial tears and steroid topical. Patient had no significant improvement; therefore conjunctival resection with immunosuppressive therapy were performed. At follow up, no pain was reported, vision improved to 6/15cc, and the ocular surface inflammation resolved.
Discussion : Mooren ulcer is usually misdiagnosed since the clinical signs are similar to other differential diagnoses. The examination must be performed carefully to rule out autoimmune and corneal infection. Treatment goals are to halt the destructive process and promote reepithelization. The stepwise aggressive approach of Mooren Ulcer treatments is crucial. It starts directly with topical steroid to control the progression of inflammation. However, when used alone, topical steroid usually cannot prevent the rapid progression so conjunctival resection is needed to remove the source of collagenase production by cutting the perilimbal blood vessels’ access to the area of the ulcer. Combination with an immunosuppressant will effectively maintain a stable condition.
Conclusion : Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment for Mooren ulcer are needed to prevent the rapid progression.
Ocular Gnathostomiasis in A Farmer From South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Dian Trisnawaty M  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Ocular Gnathostomiasis is a rare parasitic infection caused by the third-stage larvae of the spiruroid nematode. It is a food-borne zoonosis caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Case Illustration : A 37-year-old farmer complained of seeing moving objects in his left eye accompanied by blurred vision. The patient had a history of red left eye with increased intraocular pressure. The visual acuity of the left eye was 20/30. Slit lamp examination showed slight hyperemia of the conjunctiva and a live worm moving in the anterior chamber. The worm was immediately removed using corneal clear incision and sent for parasitological examination. By finding four rows of hooks on the head and fine spines covering the body, the worm was identified as a stage 3 larva of gnathostome sp.
Discussion : Surgical removal of the larvae is considered the most effective treatment. In this case, the patient was then treated with Albendazole 400 mg daily for 21 days and Prednisolone 50 mg for 7 days with reduced doses of 10 mg weekly for three weeks
Conclusion : Ocular Gnathostomiasis by third-stage larvae of spiruroid nematode was found at the eye of a man from Siwa, South Sulawesi. The intracameral worm was successfully extracted from the eye. Patients with complaints of recurrent redness of the eyes accompanied by increased intraocular pressure and a history of living in an area with a habit of eating raw freshwater fish should be considered the possibility of harboring helminth in the eye.
Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome in dark-colored eyes: a case report
Authors: RINA WULANDARI  , FRISMA SAGARA BRILLIYANTO  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : The prevalence of Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS), or Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis, tends to be higher in light colored-eyes population of developed countries, with iris heterochromia as one of the main features. That classic iris finding does not usually present in dark colored-eyes population like Indonesia, in such manner that FUS is often overlooked.
Case Illustration : A 38-year-old male presented with decrease vision of right eye four months before admission. There was minimal anterior chamber reaction, dispersed non-pigmented stellate keratic precipitates (KP), moth-eaten iris, posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract without posterior synechiae and grade 0.5 of vitreous cells. A diagnosis of FUS was made by presenting signs, then cataract surgery was safely performed, and vision significantly improved without exacerbation.
Discussion : FUS is a typically mild unilateral uveitis, with iris heterochromia, cyclitis, and cataract without posterior synechiae as its classic findings. Otherwise, iris heterochromia is probably absent in dark- colored eyes, that iris may appear with nodules and or small diffuse atrophy called moth-eaten appearance. Misdiagnosis is mostly caused by holding that iris heterochromia should always be presented and inflammation should be limited in the anterior segment only. FUS responds poorly to steroid and mistreatment with it causes further complication. In addition, cataract surgery is considered safe in FUS.
Conclusion : This case shows the importance of evaluating FUS’ atypical signs. Iris heterochromia is sometimes overvalued, and its absence often leads to misdiagnosis. Steroid treatment is controversial, moreover, cataract surgery is safe in this case.
Ocular Syphilis in an Immunocompetent Young Man
Authors: Vincentius Handy Suria  , Halida Wibawaty  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Syphilis is called the great imitator because its clinical presentations vary widely and overlap with many other etiologies. We present a case of ocular syphilis in an immunocompetent young man with negative HIV test and history of unprotected sexual activities.
Case Illustration : A 27 year-old male initially presented to an outpatient Solo Eye Hospital with complain of blurred vision and sudden visual impairment in the right eye and acute onset left eye redness, pain, clear discharge. His right eye VA was counting finger and 0,2 in his left eye. The patient diagnosed with acute posterior uveitis in the RE and acute iridocyclitis in the LE. A detailed sexual history, he endorsed having unprotected sex with numerous men in the past. Patient was subsequently started on P-Pred ED/2 hourly, atropine ED and testing to evaluate cause of iridocyclitis was sent. Fundus RE : clouded fundus view, vascular occlusion, vitreous opacification. Fundus LE : within normal limit. Rheumatoid factor negative, HIV antigen antibody screen non-reactive, syphilis IgG reactive, RPR screen reactive, RPR quantitative titer 1:128. ANA screen negative. The patient was started on intravenous penicillin G, and both his genital lesion and bilateral visual acuity improved. He was discharged to complete 14 fays of iv penicillin G.
Discussion : HIV-positive patients may often present with ocular syphilis before the HIV status is known. Ocular syphilis is considered to be neurosyphilis for treatment purposes.
Conclusion : Ocular syphilis should be kept in the differential diagnosis in immunocompetent/HIV negative patient, and the importance of obtaining a detailed sexual history should not be forgotten.
SICS as a procedure for cataract with severe corneal scar: a case report
Authors: Yunita Tina , Rahman Sp. M Dr. Faisal , Anggraeni Sp.M M.Kes Dr. Nila 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Cataracts are the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in Indonesia, according to the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey, which is around 70-80% of patients. Meanwhile, corneal disorders are the second cause of blindness after cataract in the world. Incidence of corneal scar in patients with cataracts can exacerbate visual disturbances to cause blindness and require special treatment.
Case Illustration : A 75 years old woman with blurry eyes since 1 year ago. Acuity of the right eye (OD) was 1/300 and the left eye (OS) was 1/300. Extensive and severe scars were found on the corneas of both eyes. Lens opacities were found in the anterior eye segment. Patient was diagnosed with ODS mature senile cataract and ODS corneal scar. Surgical treatment was carried out using the small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) method, IOL inserted and iridectomy.
Discussion : Mature cataract patients with advanced age tend to have a denser and harder lens. Cataract extraction performed by phacoemulsification procedure in very dense and hard cataracts requires higher ultrasound energy settings thereby increasing the risk of corneal endothelial trauma and burns which will exacerbate corneal scarring in patients. SICS is a better treatment compared to phacoemulsification in patients with complex situations such as corneal scarring in dense and hard cataracts with minimal surgical complications and optimal results. Iridectomy in cataract surgery can be performed if iris prolapse occurs due to high pressure from the posterior segment of the eye.
Conclusion : The SICS procedure shows good results for cataract patients with severe corneal scars
Involutional Entropion of The Upper Eyelid: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Patrick Toar Panelewen  , Yuliana Hartono  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Entropion is a condition in which the eyelid folds inward or the edge of the eyelid folds inward, causing the eyelashes, eyelid margin, and skin to touch the eyeball. The most common entropion is involutional which caused by the aging process, but reports of cases of involutional entropion in the upper eyelid are rare.
Case Illustration : A 66-years-old woman presented with redness, foreign body sensation and teary on both eyes. No history of trauma or foreign body exposure. She had a history with similar complaint 2 years ago. Upper eyelid turn inward, dermatochalasis, and corneal abrasion of both eyes were found in ophtalmic examination. Patient was diagnosed with involutional entropion of the left upper eyelid and treated with anterior lamellar repositioning (ALR). A week after the ALR procedure, on examination it was found that the position of the left eye's upper eyelid was good, there was still minimal swelling, with intact sutures.
Discussion : Involutional entropion generally occurs in elderly patients over 60 years old and is more common in women. Progressive senile changes in the structure of the eyelid cause the occurrence of involusional entropion. Involutional entropion in the upper eyelid is associated with dermatochalasis. One management option for involutional entropion is ALR, which aims to pull the folded-in eyelid margin outward.
Conclusion : This case shows that involutional entropion on the upper eyelid can still occur, albeit very rarely. ALR can be a simple and safe surgical option for patients with involutional entropion on the upper eyelid.
Topical Immunosuppressant Agent Cyclosporine (CsA) as Therapy for Ocular Alkali Chemical Injury: Is It Really Beneficial?
Authors: Rijena Karina Abigael F .K. Bangun  , Balgis Desy Sulistyowati  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Alkali chemicals can cause more severe ocular injury than acidic chemicals, because the alkali can rapidly penetrate the cornea into the anterior chamber of the eye and damage the iris, ciliary body, lens and trabecular meshwork, which can cause significant visual impairment. A topical immunosuppressant Cyclosporine (which also known as Cyclosporin A or CsA) was used in the treatments.
Case Illustration : A 3-year-old male patient presented painful eyes 3 days after an accidental ocular injury with Calcium Hydroxide. The ophthalmic examination revealed based on Roper-Hall grading, the injuries indicated grade III-IV ODS. The patient's BCVA OD 2/60, and OS 20/200. The patient was hospitalized and underwent intensive conservative pharmacological therapy, including topical CsA. Corneal healing was examined by serial corneal Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and showed improvement of the corneal haze throughout the follow-ups. From the last follow-up, the BCVA OD 20/70, OS 20/40.
Discussion : Topical CsA reduces the number of CD3-positive cells (T lymphocytes) and the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines, which was associated with the decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, inducible nitric oxide synthase, VEGF and active caspase-3. Corneal neovascularization is a clinical condition caused by alkali burn that, when left untreated, leads to significant visual impairment. VEGF-A is one of the most important mediators of angiogenesis, leading to neovascularization. Hence, topical CsA 0.1% eye drops may play a role in the treatment of alkali corneal injury.
Conclusion : This case report showed that topical CsA gave a significant corneal wound healing, combined with the mainstay of alkali chemical injury.