bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Care: The Hospice Perspective
Authors: Sumner Lizabeth H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although much has been written about end-of-life care for adults, far less emphasis has been placed on the needs of dying infants and children. The ongoing painful dilemmas and struggles for families with infants and children who are dying remain hidden from society’s view, yet the demands and challenges of caring for a dying child are being addressed within hospitals and homes on a daily basis. Individuals committed to children with life-threatening illnesses and a modest number of hospice programs are making a difference, finding ways to significantly impact the imbalance in addressing the needs of children. The irony for pediatric caregivers is that “end-of-life care” is often necessary at the very beginning of a child’s life. Nurses can be instrumental in incorporating this contradiction into a realistic and compassionate framework for the care of children and families dealing with terminal illnesses. The report from the Institute of Medicine, When Children Die: Improving Palliative and End-of-Life Care of Children and Their Families, set forward the challenge to improve all aspects of end-of-life care for children and families, including improved quality and access to pediatric hospice. The National Consensus Project Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care published in 2004 also provide direction for pediatric care within the over-all perspective of care for all those, adults or children, facing life-threatening illness.
Nursing Education
Authors: Sheehan Denice K , Ferrell Betty R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the earliest responsibilities of the professional nurse was care of the dying. Florence Nightingale and other nurses provided care to soldiers dying on battlefields as well as to civilians dying as a result of epidemics. A major shift in patterns of disease and treatment began in the 20th century as more effective treatment modalities became available. Today, student nurses are exposed primarily to curative-oriented care and are less likely to encounter comfort-oriented care. Although many health care providers work with people at the end of their lives, nurses spend the most time with the dying and their families. Most nurses will provide palliative care to patients and their families no matter where they practice. Therefore, education in palliative care should begin in the nursing schools and extend through clinical inservices, continuing education courses, and professional conferences.
Harlem Palliative Care Network*
Authors: Canning Eleanor , Payne Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Imagine that you are the 51-year-old, Spanish-speaking, single mother of two children, 11 and 13 years old. You have bilateral breast cancer; you are in extreme pain, and your body is distorted with edema. Your lifelong belief in spiritual healing is no longer helping to relieve the pain and fight the cancer. Your children have no bedroom furniture and are sleeping on mattresses on the apartment floor. Your family, which includes a male companion, is threatened with eviction from your East Harlem, New York, apartment. In fact, the electricity has already been turned off. You are too ill to work. Your health insurance has lapsed; your family does not have enough food. You will die in 276 days. Among other issues important to you in your care is the fact that you want to die at home.
Understanding a Good Death: James’s Story
Authors: Steeves Richard , Kahn David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A good death is as difficult to define as a good life in that the former is, or should be, an extension of the latter. What makes life enjoyable and worth living does not change when a person is dying. But while most of us are concerned with how to make our lives as good as possible, we rarely think about what might make our deaths good. We might consider the details of dying while reading serious fiction, however, we are unlikely to think of them in the context of our daily experience. But to paraphrase an old saw, there is nothing like the prospect of death to focus a person’s attention. The dying want their deaths and what remains of their lives to be as good as possible. They count on palliative care nurses to do as much as possible to ensure this goodness. Of course, there may come a time for any patient when death will seem preferable to life. For example, an 87-year-old man dying of lung cancer, who was an in-formant in our study of cancer patients in hospice, stated: “I’m going downhill now and I don’t like it. It just gets harder to breathe. I can see that eventually I’ll be far enough down that hill that it will be better to be at the bottom and dead then still sliding down.” The goal of palliative care is to ensure that this desire for the bottom of the hill is not inevitable even though finally reaching that bottom may be.
Slayer Slang
Authors: Adams Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Buffy the Vampire Slayer entered stage left, with a whimper. Joss Whedon, a versatile screenwriter whose credits include Alien: Resurrection, Toy Story, and Speed, introduced Buffy the Vampire Slayer in the eponymous feature film (1992), but many considered the film so bad that it looked as though the Buffyverse would end then, without a bang. As we have learned since, however, Whedon is some thing of a genius, not only persistent and ambitious, but brave.
Studying the Micro-histories of Words
Authors: Adams Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When dictionaries not dedicated specifically to recording new words enter a word or sense of a word for the first time, it has very likely been around as long as the person who looks it up. Even a dictionary as comprehensive as the Oxford English Dictionary (henceforth OED) offers little insight into the early lives of words, as entries include evidence of use usually at 50-year intervals: even if the OED accurately identifies the first known written use of a word (as it does usually, but not infallibly), at least the next 25 years of the word’s history is obscure, and those are the very years in which most words assert themselves and gain wider acceptance among English speakers. With all of its commendable detail, the OED nonetheless records only the macro-histories of words.
Ephemeral Language
Authors: Adams Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I grew up in a family ruled by an English professor who expected us to speak and write with impeccable grammar and elevated vocabulary. Our models were the literature that I went on to study in graduate school and that I teach today; if we had any questions, we could turn to a dozen dictionaries, including the Oxford English Dictionary. Whenever we lapsed, we were reminded that standard English comprised more words than we were likely to use and that recourse to low language betrayed an unbecoming emptiness of mind. Experience and study, though, have taught me not only to accept, but to admire ephemeral and other supposedly low forms of English.
The Evolving Concept of Schizophrenia
Authors: Williamson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a uniquely human disorder. Many other psychiatric disorders have their counterpart in the animal world. Dogs suffer from acral lick dermatitis, which bears some resemblance to obsessive-compulsive disorders in humans (Stein et al., 1992). Learned-helplessness models in animals also closely approximate depression in humans (Maier and Seligman, 1976). However, no naturally occurring animal model captures the collection of symptoms that we have come to know as schizophrenia (Overall, 2000).
Neuropsychological Studies
Authors: Williamson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kraepelin’s astute observations about the difficulties that patients had with calculation tasks highlighted the presence of cognitive problems in schizophrenia. He speculated that this deficit went beyond the effects of fatigue. Either a “rapid yielding of will-tension” or a problem with attention seemed to be the cause. There have been countless studies since then devoted to trying to define the nature of this psychological deficit. Schizophrenic patients perform poorly on tests of general intelligence. Superimposed on this deficit are more specific deficits. Most of the tests used to assess specific deficits were developed by investigators at the Montreal Neurological Institute, who studied the performance of more than 1000 patients with intractable epilepsy, tumors, or vascular malformations before and after corrective surgery.
Implications for Treatment
Authors: Williamson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It could be argued that the treatment of patients with schizophrenia began with the discovery of chlorpromazine in the early 1950s. Before that time, anyone with this illness had a greater than even chance of spending the rest of their life in an institution. With antipsychotic medication, most patients are able to live in the community, even though they may be unable to work or have a family because of persistent negative and, in some cases, positive symptoms.
Defining Palestrina
Authors: Ellis Katharine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fétis called it “fashionnable” as early as 1827 but remained skeptical of its value as expressive music. By the beginning of the twentieth century it was enshrined, second only to Gregorian chant, as an appropriate vehicle for the Catholic liturgy in the Motu proprio of Pope Pius X on 22 November 1903. Counter-Reformation polyphony was a focus for debate throughout the period, its revival geographically wide spread and uneasily shared between church and concert hall.
Baroque Choral Music: The Popular and the Profound
Authors: Ellis Katharine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Happy shall I be if the publication of this work, by recalling to my countrymen the memory of a great master whom they know too little of, shall suggest to them the regular performance of his immortal works There can be little doubt that the French public would not be slow to reward such an effort. So long as France deprives herself of the oratorios of Handel, there will be found within her a great deficiency in the culture of Musical Art.
The Test of Time
Authors: Walton Kendall L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The test of time is a deeply ingrained tenet of folk wisdom. The works of art which last through the centuries, it is assumed, are those which are great. But why assume this? What does longevity have to do with greatness? What warrant is there for taking longevity as proof of greatness? These questions constitute the framework of Anthony Savile ‘s book.
Myway
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a selection of essays on moral responsibility that represent the major components of John Martin Fischer’s overall approach to freedom of the will and moral responsibility. The collection exhibits the overall structure of Fischer’s view and shows how the various elements fit together to form a comprehensive framework for analyzing free will and moral responsibility. The topics include deliberation and practical reasoning, freedom of the will, freedom of action, various notions of control, and moral accountability. The essays seek to provide a foundation for our practices of holding each other (and ourselves) morally and legally accountable for our behavior. A crucial move is the distinction between two kinds of control. According to Fischer, “regulative control” involves freedom to choose and do otherwise (“alternative possibilities”), whereas “guidance control” does not. Fischer contends that guidance control is all the freedom we need to be morally responsible agents. Further, he contends that such control is fully compatible with causal determinism. Additionally, Fischer argues that we do not need genuine access to alternative possibilities in order for there to be a legitimate point to practical reasoning. Fischer’s overall framework contains an argument for the contention that guidance control, and not regulative control, is associated with moral responsibility, a sketch of a comprehensive theory of moral responsibility (that ties together responsibility for actions, omissions, consequences, and character), and an account of the value of moral responsibility. On this account, the value of exhibiting freedom (of the relevant sort) and thus being morally responsible for one’s behavior is a species of the value of artistic self-expression.
Determinism, And Moral Responsibility
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ishtiyaque Haji believes that moral responsibility does not require alternative possibilities and further that it is compatible with causal determinism; but he rejects the contention that causal determinism is compatible with judgements employing “obligation,” “ought,” “ought not,” “right,” and “wrong.”1 Following Haji, let us call the latter “judgments of deontic morality.” Why might one think that the judgments of deontic morality are incompatible with causal determinism? I will treat “ought not” and “wrong” as interchangeable, and “ought” and “obligatory” as interchangeable. I shall lay out the argument with respect to “wrong.” It will be easy to see how to construct parallel arguments for the other judgments of deontic morality.
The Via Naturaliter Negativa
Authors: Hartman Geoffrey h. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Man y readers have felt that Wordsworth’s poetry honors and even worships nature. In this they have the support of Blake, a man so sensitive to any trace of “Natural Religion” that he is said to have blamed some verses of Wordsworth’s for a bowel complaint which almost killed him.1 Scholarship, luckily, tempers the affections, and the majority of readers have emphasized the poet’s progression from nature worship or even pantheism to a highly qualified form of natural religion, with increasing awareness of the “ennobling interchange” between mind and nature and a late yielding of primacy to the activity of the mind or the idealizing power of imagination. A very small group, finally, has pointed to the deeply paradoxical character of Wordsworth’s dealings with nature and suggested that what he calls imagination may be intrinsically opposed to nature. This last and rarest position seems to me closest to the truth, yet I do not feel it conflicts totally with more traditional readings stressing the poet’s adherence to nature. It can be shown, via several important episodes of The Prelude, that Wordsworth thought nature itself led him beyond nature; and, since this movement of transcendence, related to what mystics have called the negative way, is inherent in life and
Wordsworth and the Conception of The Prelude
Authors: Erskine-Hill Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1798–99 The Prelude opens abruptly with a rhetorical question the antecedent of which is never formally identified: ‘Was it for this That one, the fairest of all rivers loved | To blend her murmurs with my nurse’s song...’ (I, I–3).1 This question, well known in eighteenthcentury poetry and carrying with it a series of heroic and mock-heroic associations, goes back in its English form to Harington’s version of Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso.2 (Wordsworth carried an Ariosto with him to read during his tour of France and Switzerland in 1790.3 The context from Orlando Furioso, and from the suggestive analogue in the opening of Milton’s Samson Agonistes (‘For this did the angel twice descend? For this | Ordained thy nurture holy... ?’ (ll. 361–2), invokes a destined hero or heroic enterprise, apparently in utter defeat. In lines closely following this opening description of The Prelude, but dropped after 1799, Wordsworth, thinking of himself, alludes to those similarly marked out by higher powers:
A Language That Is Ever Green
Authors: Bate Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During h is highly p r oductive residence at Racedown in Dorset and then at Alfoxden in Somerset, Wordsworth worked on ‘The Ruined Cottage’, a poem Coleridge took to be one of the most beautiful in the language. Over the last twenty years this poem has come to look absolutely central to Wordsworth’s achievement, and its narrative is now highly familiar to students: owing to failed harvests and high prices, Margaret’s husband enlists as a paid recruit; he does not return, Margaret and her family decline and die, nature reencroaches upon her cottage plot until all that is left is an overgrown ruin. For the poet and the character— originally called the Pedlar, later the Wanderer—who narrates Margaret’s tragedy, the ruined cottage provides an image of consolation. Wordsworth tells of how he traced with milder interest That secret spirit of humanity Which, ‘mid the calm oblivious tendencies Of nature, ‘mid her plants, her weeds, and flowers, And silent overgrowings, still survived.
Amylopectin
Authors: Zhao W Brooke , Kadla John F , Braun Jennifer L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Thickeners, stabilizers, and adhesives. Properties of Special Interests The highly branched nature of amylopectin accounts for the extreme brittleness of its films and extrudates. The extensive branching reduces chain entanglements usually required in high polymers to achieve satisfactory film properties. Preparative Techniques Fractionation of starches. Native starches usually contain about 70–80% amylopectin. Genetic modification can result in starches having virtually no amylose content, such as waxy maize.
Cellulose
Authors: Mansencal Rachel , Kadla John F , Braun Jennifer L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Functions It is the basic structural material of the cell walls of all higher land plants and of some seaweeds. Natural Sources Wood (coniferous, deciduous), bamboo, cotton, hemp, straw, jute, flax, reed, sisal. Cellulose is isolated from the plant cell walls and is never in a pure form in nature. Always associated with lignin and hemicellulose.
Hydroxypropylcellulose
Authors: Yang Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Lubricants for artificial eyes , pharmaceutical excipients such as tablet binder, tablet coatings, modified drug release, food additives, protective colloid for emulsion polymerization, rheology additive for coatings, inks, adhesives, cosmetics, and papers. Properties of Special Interest Completely soluble in water and organic polar solvents such as alcohols.
Nylon 6,12
Authors: Peterson Gus G , Zhao W Brooke , Abouhussein R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Preparative Techniques Polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and Major Applications Engineering resin, flbers for textiles, brushes and sutures, cable sheathing and tubing and bearings, cams, gears, and casings for tools and appliances. Properties of Special Interest Low water-absorbing nylon; heat , chemical, and wear resistance and lubricity; excellent toughness and strength.
Poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Orwoll Robert A , Chong Yong S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Thickening and suspension agents for petroleum recovery, pigment dispersements in paint, ion exchange resins (with cross-linking), flocculating agents for particles suspended in water, adhesives, dental cements, drag reduction in fluid flow through pipes. Many applications involve copolymers of acrylic acid. Properties of Special Interest Amorphous polymers.
Poly(γ -benzyl-L-glutamate)
Authors: Gold Douglas G , Miller Wilmer G , Sen Taner Z , Kloczkowski Andrzej 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications Modeling of conformational changes of biopolymers and modeling of α-helical polypeptides. Used in chromatography as a stationary phase for the resolution of racemic materials. Microencapsulation of pharmaceutically active hydrophobic liquids. Improves shatter resistance of plastics when blended with poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl acetate), or their copolymers. Photo-induced energy transfer switches containing chromophores at both ends of oligopeptide chains. Properties of Special Interest Exists in a highly ordered, well-defined, α-helical conformation held intact by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The α-helical structure renders the polymer as a relatively stiff rigid rod and is retained when the polymer is dissolved in many solvents. In these helicogenic solvents, PBLG exists as a single isotropic phase at low concentration. At higher concentrations a liquid-crystalline cholesteric phase is present.
Poly(1,3-dioxepane)
Authors: Riande Evaristo , Guzmán Julio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications None known Properties of Special Interest None known Preparative Techniques Cationic polymerization of 1,3-dioxepane in solution or in bulk at temperatures normally lower than 25◦C. Initiators: Lewis acids, oxonium salts, etc.
Poly(1,3-dioxolane)
Authors: Riande Evaristo , Guzmán Julio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major Applications None known. Stabilizer of Delrin by copolymerization with trioxane. Properties of Special Interest Possible use as a modifier for elastomers. Preparative Techniques Cationic polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane in solution or in bulk at temperatures normally lower than 25-C. Initiators: Lewis acids, oxonium salts, etc.
Poly(epichlorohydrin)
Authors: Yuan-Huffman Qingwen Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Odian G. Principles of Polymerization. 3rd ed. Wiley Interscience; 1991. 2. Rodriguez F. Principles of Polymer Systems. 4th ed. Taylor & Francis Publishers; 1996. 3. Brabdrup J, Immergut EH. Polymer Handbook. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley Interscience; 1989.
Polyethylene, Elastomeric (very highly branched)
Authors: Prasad A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction POE is a new family of ethylene α-olefin copolymers produced using a metallocene catalyst. The metallocene catalyst selectively polymerizes the ethylene and comonomer sequence and on increasing the comonomer content, produces chains of higher elasticity due to efficient incorporation of the comonomer that effectively disrupts the polymer crystallinity. The uncross-linked polymers referred to in this chapter are known to have only moderate elastomeric recovery properties (up to 96%). These copolymers are characterized by a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) (Mw /Mn = 2–2.5) and homogeneous comonomer distribution.