bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Gastric Cancer Cell Adhesion in Nude Mice by Inraperitoneal Phospholipids
Authors: Jansen Marc , Treutner Karl‐Heinz , Jansen Petra Lynen , Zuber Sebastian , Otto Jens , Tietze Lothar , Schumpelick Volker 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAdhesion of tumor cells to mesothelial cells or extracellular matrix components is a pivotal step in developing peritoneal dissemination after gastric cancer. As phospholipids were found to reduce adhesion formation, especially at sites of peritoneal lesions, we assessed the inhibition of attachment of NUGC‐4 gastric cancer cells by local treatment with phospholipids to the peritoneum in nude mice. Gastric cancer cells (1×l06) suspended in either normal saline (controls) or phospholipid suspension 75 mg/kg body weight (PL75) or 150 mg/kg (PL150) were injected intraperitoneally into 90 female BALB/c nu/nu mice. The treatment groups were subdivided into animals with defined peritoneal lesions and animals without lesions. After 30 days the extent of peritoneal carcinosis and the Peritoneal Cancer Index were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with two factorial ANOVAs. The level of significance was adjusted according to Bonferrorni (α = 0.00278). During a 90‐day observation period the survival rate was determined using the log rank test.After 30 days the intraperitoneal tumor volume was reduced by PL150 up to 0.6 ml (SEM 0.16) and 0.48 ml (SEM 0.09) in mice with peritoneal lesions compared to 0.9 ml (SEM 0.2) and 0.9 ml (SEM 0.1) in the control group (P = 0.04). The mean area of tumor adhesion amounted to 145 mm2 (SEM 17) (P = 0.08) and 164 mm2 (SEM 32.8) (P = 0.049) with peritoneal lesions after treatment with PL150 [controls: 216 mm2 (SEM 28.5) and 245 mm2 (SEM 29.3)]. The peritoneal cancer index was 16.4 (SEM 1.7) in the control group and 9 (SEM 1.68) with PL150 (P = 0.0002). In the subgroup with peritoneal lesions, the respective values were as follows: controls: 20.8 (SEM 0.85); PL 150:14.3 (SEM 1.07) (P = 0.0001). We found a prolonged survival rate after treatment with PL150. However, this effect was not significantly different to that seen in the control group. Treatment with PL75 had no significant influence. Phospholipids may be an efficacious and economic tool for reducing peritoneal tumor cell adhesion and consequently the development of peritoneal carcinosis after resection of gastric cancer.
Safe and Rapid Laparoscopic Access—a New Approach
Authors: Antevil Jared L. , Bhoyrul Sunil , Brunson Mathew E. , Vierra Mark A. , Swadia Nayan D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDespite numerous recent technical advances in minimally invasive surgical technique, the potential exists for serious morbidity during initial laparoscopic access. Safe access depends on adhering to well‐recognized principles of trocar insertion, knowledge of abdominal anatomy, and recognition of hazards imposed by previous surgery. Applying these principles, we describe a safe, rapid, and cost‐effective technique for laparoscopic access using readily available instruments. This technique emphasizes identification and incision of the point at which the midline abdominal fascia is fused with the base of the umbilicus, and the importance of the application of countertraction directly at the point of insertion. This method allows penetration under direct vision with minimal controlled axial force, and without the requirement for fascial sutures or other cumbersome aspects of the traditional open technique. While previous reports describe techniques for laparoscopic access entry based on similar anatomic and surgical principles, we describe an alternative method not yet discussed in the surgical literature.
Clinical Significance of Occult Metastatic Melanoma in Sentinel Lymph Nodes and Other High‐risk Factors Based on Long‐term Follow‐up
Authors: Leong Stanley P.L. , Kashani‐Sabet Mohammed , Desmond Renee A. , Kim Robert P. , Nguyen Dennis H. , Iwanaga Kensho , Treseler Patrick A. , Allen Robert E. , Morita Eugene T. , Zhang Yuting , Sagebiel Richard W. , Soong Seng‐Jaw 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSelective sentinel lymphadenectomy (SSL) following preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is the most significant recent advance in the management of patients with primary melanoma. This study evaluates the prognostic value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) status and other risk factors in predicting survival and recurrence in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. From October 1993 to July 1998 a series of 412 patients with primary invasive melanoma underwent SSL at the UCSF/ Mt. Zion Melanoma Center. The outcome of 363 evaluable patients is summarized in this study. The factors related to survival and disease recurrence were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression models. The overall incidence of patients with positive SLNs was 18%. Over a median follow‐up of 4.8 years, the overall mortality rate in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma was 18.7%, and 74 recurrences occurred (20.4%). Mortality was significantly related to SLN status [HR = 2.06; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 3.58], angiolymphatic invasion (HR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.08, 4.55), ulceration (HR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.02, 3.15), mitotic index (HR =1.38; 95% CI 1.01, 1.90), and tumor thickness (HR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.21, 3.99). Factors significantly related to disease‐free survival included SLN status (HR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.31, 3.34), tumor thickness (HR = 1.89; 95%. CI 1.20,2.98), and age (HR= 1.26 95% CI 1.08, 1.47). SLN status was the most significant factor for melanoma recurrence and death. Other important predictors include tumor thickness, ulceration, lymphatic invasion, and mitotic index.
ACare: A communication training program for shared decision making along a life-limiting illness
Authors: WEINER JOSEPH S. , COLE STEVEN A. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: This article describes an innovative 8-h training program that provides clinicians with the competencies necessary to conduct efficient, effective, and compassionate advance care planning discussions throughout the trajectory of life-limiting illnesses.Method: The Advance Care Training Program (ACare) includes 6 h of group workshops and 2 h of one-on-one faculty–learner interaction. In this article, we describe the (1) objectives of ACare; (2) structure, training procedures, and educational rationale of ACare training; and (3) educational outcome studies in progress.Results: ACare training in various forms has already been provided to over 100 medical professionals (medical students, medical residents, oncology and geriatric fellows, medical attendings, social workers, and nurses). Formative outcome data indicate considerable trainee satisfaction. Emerging summative outcome data indicate improved skills.Significance of results: Widespread adoption of the program could increase the frequency and quality of advance care planning discussions between patients with life-limiting illnesses, their health care providers, and families.
Giving support and getting help: Informal caregivers' experiences with palliative care services
Authors: CAIN ROY , MACLEAN MICHAEL , SELLICK SCOTT 
Published: May 2005

Objective: Palliative care services have made significant contributions to those needing end-of-life care, but the effect of these services on informal caregivers is less clear. This article reviews the literature and examines the influences of palliative care services on caregivers of people who are dying of cancer, HIV-related illnesses, and illnesses of later life.Methods: Based on questions that we developed from the literature review, we conducted six focus groups in Toronto, Thunder Bay, and Ottawa, Canada, with informal caregivers about their experiences with caregiving and with palliative care services.Results: We outline the major themes relating to the 42 focus group participants' experiences of giving support and getting help.Significance of results: Our findings help us better understand the common concerns of caregivers of terminally ill seniors, people with HIV/AIDS, and people with cancer. The article discusses the implications of participants' experiences for palliative care service providers.
Clarifying “meaning” in the context of cancer research: A systematic literature review
Authors: LEE VIRGINIA , COHEN S. ROBIN , EDGAR LINDA , LAIZNER ANDREA M. , GAGNON ANITA J. 
Published: May 2005

Objectives: This article synthesizes the published literature related to the construct of meaning in the adult cancer population.Methods: The databases CancerLit, CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, and the Journal of Psychosocial Oncology and PsychoOncology were searched to identify all studies related to meaning. The methodological aspects of all studies are described and the conceptual aspects are summarized only from those studies that met criteria for methodological rigor and validity of findings. The definitions forglobal meaning, appraised meaning,search for meaning, andmeaning as outcomeas proposed by Park and Folkman were used to interpret the findings.Results: Of 44 studies identified, 26 met the criteria for methodological rigor. There is strong empirical and qualitative evidence of a relationship between meaning as an outcome of and psychosocial adjustment to cancer.Significance of results: The qualitative findings are considered useful for the development of psychosocial interventions aimed at helping cancer patients cope with and even derive positive benefit from their experience. However, variations in the conceptual and operational definitions, frequent reliance on homogeneous and convenience sampling, and the lack of experimental designs are considered to be methodological limitations that need to be addressed to advance the study of meaning in the context of cancer.
The effects of diets containing raw soya-bean flour on the vitamin B12 status of rats
Authors: Williams D. L. , Spray G. H. 
Published: May 2005

1. There were statistically-significant relationships between the concentrations of vitamin B12 in the livers of rats and their urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid, both before and after the intraperitoneal injection of sodium propionate.2. The effects of diets based on raw and heated soya-bean flour (SBF) on the growth rates, urinary excretion of methylmalonate and hepatic vitamin B12 were compared in normal and vitamin B12-depleted rats.3. When female weanling vitamin B12-deficient rats were put on to the raw SBF diet they lost weight and became moribund after 3 weeks, even when the diet was supplemented with vitamin B12. Male adult vitamin B12-deficient rats lost weight but showed no other signs of severe vitamin B12 deficiency.4. Stock weanling male rats were fed on raw SBF diets with or without added vitamin B12. The diets were given alone and supplemented with either methionine or a mixture of methionine, valine, threonine and tyrosine. The rats still did not grow as well as those fed on diets containing heated SBF. However, there was some evidence of increased methylmalonate excretion and lower hepatic concentrations of vitamin B12 in the rats fed on the raw SBF diets.
The vitamin B12 content of meals and items of diet
Authors: Adams J. F. , Mcewan Fiona , Wilson Alison 
Published: May 2005

1. The vitamin B12 content of items of diet and of meals was measured after they had been prepared for consumption.2. There was poor agreement between the vitamin B12 contents of meals estimated by measurements on meal homogenates and the contents estimated by calculations involving the weights and vitamin B12 contents of items.3. The average amount of vitamin B12 absorbed per d from a hospital diet was found to be 1.7 μg.
The winged bean (Psophocarpus palustrisDesv.) in the treatment of kwashiorkor
Authors: Černý K. , Addy Hutton A. 
Published: May 2005

1. A feeding trial with children suffering from kwashiorkor was conducted in which the winged bean (Psophocarpus palustrisDesv.) was used as the major source of protein in the diet.2. Seventy-two children who had been admitted to hospital with moderate or severe kwashiorkor were included in the study. The experimental diet, prepared from a mixture of two parts of the winged beans and three parts of maize flour, enriched with a small amount of skim milk, was given to twelve children with moderate and twenty-four children with severe kwashiorkor. Equal numbers of children with similar clinical, somatometric and biochemical measurements received a control diet in which most of the protein was provided by skim milk. Both groups of children had a supplementary meal of ‘poto-poto’of negligible protein content, which supplied an extra 100–120 kJ per kg per d. The diets were introduced after the children had overcome the most acute phase of the illness during which a routine diet based on skim milk and calcium caseinate had been given. Both diets supplied 4 g protein and 435 kJ per kg body-weight and were given to the children, on the average, for 30 d.3. The experimental diet was well accepted and tolerated, and all children made good clinical progress. The rates of gain in weight were slightly less in the experimental groups than in the children who received the control diet. Although the differences were not statistically significant, they were more marked in children whose weights were between 61 and 75% of standard (classified as second degree kwashiorkor). With both diets, mean daily weight gains were significantly higher in children with severe kwashiorkor than in those with moderate kwashiorkor.4. The increase in total serum protein and the decrease in the amino acid ratio determined 2 weeks after admission were more marked in children given the control diet. At the end of the experimental period, however, the differences between the groups in these two measurements, as well as in values for haemoglobin concentration, protein fractions and the hydroxyproline index were no longer significant.5. The high nutritive value and the pleasant, sweet taste, even in the raw state, are the main advantages of the winged bean. These should outweigh the disadvantage that its skin is tough and more difficult to remove than that of the soya bean.
Experimental protein-energy deficiency in rats. Ratio of serine+glycine to threonine as an index of deficiency
Authors: Salem Sohair I. , Hegazi S. M. , Morcos S. R. 
Published: May 2005

1. Rats were given a low-protein (10 g/kg) diet for 16 weeks and the changes occurring in their serum amino acids were studied; during this time a full picture of protein-energy malnutrition was manifested. Groups of rats were killed at intervals of 4 weeks.2. Food intake decreased gradually from the 4th to the 8th week, then increased slightly from the 9th to the 11th week, and then decreased again.3. The body-weight of the rats fell progressively from the 1st week on the low-protein diet, remained stationary from the 10th to the 13th week, and then decreased again during the last 4 weeks.4. The ratio of non-essential to essential amino acid was not correlated with the severity of protein deficiency.5. The ratios between some individual amino acids were compared with these ratios in control rats during the 4-week periods of protein deficiency. The ratio of serine+glycine to threonine was always significantly higher in the protein-deficient than in the control rats.
Perinatal mortality, growth and survival to weaning in offspring of rats reared on diets moderately deficient in protein
Authors: Turner M. R. 
Published: May 2005

1. The reproductive performance of rats reared from weaning on a moderately protein-deficient (LP) diet containing 80 g casein/kg, or on a control diet (HP) containing 250 g casein/kg has been studied. Although the rate of growth was reduced in LP animals, these rats eventually achieved the same adult weight and appearance as the controls.2. Weight gain during the first 2 weeks of gestation was similar in the two dietary groups, but during the 3rd week HP rats gained twice as much weight as the LP animals.3. Viable litters were produced by 78% of the HP rats mated but by only 33% of LP rats. Most of the offspring which died did so during or soon after birth; so the perinatal mortality for the offspring of LP rats was 73% compared with only 26% for control rats. After the first few days of life, the chance of survival of HP and LP offspring was similar.4. At birth the mean body-weight of the offspring was 5.4 g for HP offspring and 4.7 g for LP offspring. However, the mean body-weight at birth of viable offspring was similar whether they were from HP or LP rats (HP 5.6 g; LP 5.3 g). At weaning, HP offspring weighed 31.2 g and LP offspring only 13.3 g.5. When the HP diet was given to LP rats at parturition, the viable offspring achieved a weaning weight of 31.5 g, but there was no decrease in the perinatal mortality.
The effect of growth hormone on calcium metabolism in the sheep
Authors: Braithwaite G. D. 
Published: May 2005

1. The effect of subcutaneous administration of bovine growth hormone on calcium metabolism of nearly mature wether sheep has been studied by a combination of a radioactive technique and a nutrient balance technique.2. Administration of growth hormone resulted in a significant increase in the rates of absorption of Ca, accretion of Ca into bone, resorption of Ca from bone and skeletal retention of Ca, and also in the sizes of the exchangeable Ca pools.3. Retention of phosphorus was also significantly increased.4. These changes suggest that the effect of growth hormone was to alter the Ca metabolism of nearly mature wethers to resemble that of younger, more actively growing animals.5. Results are consistent with the theory that oestrogens may alter Ca metabolism of wethers by increasing growth hormone production.
Occurrence and conversion of anhydrolutein into dehydroroetinol in a freshwater fish
Authors: Barua A. B. , Das R. C. 
Published: May 2005

1. Lutein and anhydrolutein have been isolated from liver oils of freshly caught Sacco-branchus fossilis.2. S. fossilis initially contained more dehydroretinol than retinol; administration of anhydrolutein to the vitamin A-depleted fish resulted in the accumulation of dehydroretinol.3. Anhydrolutein has also been isolated from the liver oils of lutein-treated, vitamin A-depleted fish.4. The pathway of the conversion of lutein into dehydroretinol is discussed.
The measurement of gastric transit time in obese subjects using 24Na and the effects of energy content and guar gum on gastric emptying and satiety
Authors: Wilmshurst P. , Crawley J. C. W. 
Published: May 2005

1. A new method has been used to measure mean gastric transit time.2. This method, based on the absorption of 24Na from the proximal small bowel, is simple, non-invasive and can be used at the bedside.3. The mean transit time was increased by adding guar gum to a test meal.4. There was a significant correlation between mean gastric emptying time and a subjective measure of satiety.
The total content of vitamin D in human milk and cow's milk
Authors: Leerbeck E. , Søndergaard H. 
Published: May 2005

1. It was shown that the water-soluble fraction of cow's milk and human milk did no possess significant antirachitic activity on rats.2. Whole cow's milk was found to contain 38 i.u. vitamin D/1. Whole human milk contained 15 i.u. vitamin D/1, of which 12 i.u. derived from the lipid fraction.3. Thus the values found were much lower than the 204 i.u./1 in cow's milk and 950 i.u./1 in human milk given in the literature based on chemical determination of the sterol sulphate content.
A nutrition survey of children from one-parent families in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1970
Authors: Darke Sylvia J. , Disselduff Molly M. , Try G. P. 
Published: May 2005

1 A 7 d total dietary record was kept in 1970 by schoolchildren from one-parent families and by a control sample matched for sex and age who were living with both parents. The children were aged, on average, 14.5 years and were from schools in Newcastle upon Tyne. Medical assessments were made within 2 weeks of the dietary study.2. Mean daily intakes of food energy and most nutrients were significantly larger (P < 0.05) in the fatherless boys compared with the controls. There was no such difference between the corresponding two groups of girls. The quality of the diet, assessed as nutrients/MJ was similar in all four groups.3. There was no evidence of undernutrition; a few children were considered to be obese. The findings in a period of relative affluence may serve as a baseline for subsequent dietary studies.
The induction of obesity in the rat with bipiperidyl mustard
Authors: Jagot S. A. , Webb G. P. , Rogers P. D. , Dickerson J. W. T. 
Published: May 2005

Bipiperidyl mustard produced increased adiposity in the rat without excessive weight gain or hyperphagia.The results suggest a metabolic aetiology for the obesity as opposed to a disorder of food intake regulation.
Sequential changes in plasma lipoproteins and body fat composition during polyunsaturated fat feeding in man
Authors: Shepherd J. , Stewart Jennifer M. , Clark Janice G. , Carr Kay 
Published: May 2005

1. The early effects of a moderate polyunsaturated fat diet on the composition of circulating lipoproteins and adipose tissue fatty acids were measured in five healthy adults.2. The fatty acid content and gross composition of the three major plasma lipoprotein fractions altered within 7 d of treatment. The response of depot fat was slower but did show a significant and progressive change after 14 d on the diet.3. The efficiency of the moderate diet in changing the composition of the lipoproteins suggests that it should be equally dfective in altering their metabolic handling.
Changes in plasma concentrations of thyroxine binding prealbumin and retinol binding protein in Japanese quail after hatching
Authors: Heaf D. J. , El-Sayed M. , Glover J. 
Published: May 2005

1. Male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were reared under short daily photoperiods (8 h light–16 h dark) to inhibit sexual development with free access to food and water. Blood was sampled at frequent intervals for 13 weeks from hatching in order to monitor the developmental changes in plasma concentrations of the two proteins which are important in the transport of retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA).2. Measurements of body-weight, blood packed cell volume and plasma total protein concentration showed that the birds had a normal pattern of growth and haematological development. Plasma concentrations of TBPA, total immunoreactive RBP (IRBP) and holoRBP were 220, 60 and 45 μg/ml respectively in 1-d-old quail and rose to 430, 165 and 140 μg/ml at 14 d of age, which was 10 d after the corresponding change in total protein. Neither RBP nor TBPA concentrations were significantly different between the sexes during the 13 weeks, but there were minor fluctuations in concentration within relatively narrow limits.