bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scientific Assessment of Integrated Nutrient Management Effects on the Growth and Productivity of Trichosanthes anguina L. (Snake Gourd)
Authors: Biswas Akash Kumar , Khatun Khaleda , Mostarin Tahmina , Ali Al Hasir Gajanfor , Morshed Moheuddin , Parvin Moorshida , Mathin Tasnia Thanim , Mahmud Md. Riad , Labonno Suma Akter , Hashi Samsun Nahar 
Published: October 2023

A field-based experimental investigation was undertaken from March to July 2020 at the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess the impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.). The study employed a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, incorporating a total of 11 nutrient combinations. Various growth, reproductive, and yield parameters, including vine length, number of leaves per plant, leaf dimensions, flowering onset, fruit development, and yield metrics, were evaluated. The results consistently demonstrated positive effects across these parameters in response to different nutrient combinations. The highest recorded yield of snake gourd, at 50.10 t ha-1, was observed in the T10 ((OM (CD5PM5V2 t ha-1) + N80P35K75S18 kg ha-1 + Mg7 kg ha-1 + Zn6 kg ha-1 + B2 kg ha-1) treatment, while the lowest yield, at 14.72 t ha-1, was associated with the T0 (control) treatment. This experiment highlights the prospective efficacy of integrated nutrient management methodologies in augmenting snake gourd production and optimizing crop yield. It provides valuable insights for the improvement of agricultural practices in the specified geographic region.
Treatment Outcomes With Licensed and Unlicensed Stimulant Doses for Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Farhat Luis C. , Flores José M. , Avila-Quintero Victor J. , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Cipriani Andrea , Furukawa Toshi A. , Bloch Michael H. , Cortese Samuele 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceStimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamines) are often prescribed at unlicensed doses for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether dose escalation beyond US Food and Drug Administration recommendations is associated with positive risk benefits is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact, based on averages, of stimulant doses on treatment outcomes in adults with ADHD and to determine, based on averages, whether unlicensed doses are associated with positive risk benefits compared with licensed doses.Data SourcesTwelve databases, including published (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Sciences) and unpublished (ClinicalTrials.gov) literature, up to February 22, 2023, without language restrictions.Study SelectionTwo researchers independently screened records to identify double-blinded randomized clinical trials of stimulants against placebo in adults (18 years and older) with ADHD.Data Extraction and SynthesisAggregate data were extracted and synthesized in random-effects dose-response meta-analyses and network meta-analyses.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in ADHD symptoms and discontinuations due to adverse events.ResultsA total of 47 randomized clinical trials (7714 participants; mean age, 35 (SD, 11) years; 4204 male [56%]) were included. For methylphenidate, dose-response curves indicated additional reductions of symptoms with increments in doses, but the gains were progressively smaller and accompanied by continued additional risk of adverse events dropouts. Network meta-analyses showed that unlicensed doses were associated with greater reductions of symptoms compared with licensed doses (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.23; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.02; very low certainty of evidence), but the additional gain was small and accompanied by increased risk of adverse event dropouts (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.19-3.43; moderate certainty of evidence). For amphetamines, the dose-response curve approached a plateau and increments in doses did not indicate additional reductions of symptoms, but there were continued increments in the risk of adverse event dropouts. Network meta-analysis did not identify differences between unlicensed and licensed doses for reductions of symptoms (SMD, −0.08; 95% CI, −0.24 to 0.08; very low certainty of evidence).Conclusions and RelevanceBased on group averages, unlicensed doses of stimulants may not have positive risk benefits compared with licensed doses for adults with ADHD. In general, practitioners should consider unlicensed doses cautiously. Practitioners may trial unlicensed doses if needed and tolerated but should be aware that there may not be large gains in the response to the medication with those further increments in dose. However, the findings are averages and will not generalize to every patient.
Modulating Force of Nucleated Hydrogen Bubble Adhesion to Boost Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Das Jaysri , Mandal Subhankar , Borbora Angana , Rani Sonam , Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Manna Uttam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the produced hydrogen gas bubbles often adhered to the electrode surface and blocked the active catalytic site. While different catalysts are developed to improve the catalytic performance of HER, the design of a durable and universal approach for minimizing the force of nucleated hydrogen gas‐bubble adhesion to prevent blockage of electrocatalytic sites because of bubbles‐adhesion is unprecedented. Generally, buoyancy should outweigh the capillary force to remove nucleated bubbles, which means these forces ratio, Eötvös number Eo > 1. Herein, a chemically reactive multilayer coating on an electrode is reported to chemically modulate the adhesion force of nucleated gas‐bubble on the electrode. A dual modified coating on Ni‐foam provided a non‐adhesive superaerophobicity with nucleated bubble adhesion force of 4.6 ± 0.3 µN and displayed superior HER performance with lower overpotential (333 to 250 mV) at 100 mA cm−2 with respect to bare Ni‐foam. The chemically‐modulated low bubble‐adhesion facilitates the early removal of nucleated tiny hydrogen gas bubbles with a minimum size of 0.64 mm and Eo = 0.05 to keep catalytic sites available for superior electrochemical HER. Such a positive impact of the prepared coating is also noted for various other electrodes.
Controlled Growth of Single‐Crystal Graphene Wafers on Twin‐Boundary‐Free Cu(111) Substrates
Authors: Zhu Yeshu , Zhang Jincan , Cheng Ting , Tang Jilin , Duan Hongwei , Hu Zhaoning , Shao Jiaxin , Wang Shiwei , Wei Mingyue , Wu Haotian , Li Ang , Li Sheng , Balci Osman , Shinde Sachin M. , Ramezani Hamideh , Wang Luda , Lin Li , Ferrari Andrea C. , Yakobson Boris I. , Peng Hailin , Jia Kaicheng , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSingle‐crystal graphene (SCG) wafers are needed to enable mass‐electronics and optoelectronics owing to their excellent properties and compatibility with silicon‐based technology. Controlled synthesis of high‐quality SCG wafers can be done exploiting single‐crystal Cu(111) substrates as epitaxial growth substrates recently. However, current Cu(111) films prepared by magnetron sputtering on single‐crystal sapphire wafers still suffer from in‐plane twin boundaries, which degrade the SCG chemical vapor deposition. Here, it is shown how to eliminate twin boundaries on Cu and achieve 4 in. Cu(111) wafers with ≈95% crystallinity. The introduction of a temperature gradient on Cu films with designed texture during annealing drives abnormal grain growth across the whole Cu wafer. In‐plane twin boundaries are eliminated via migration of out‐of‐plane grain boundaries. SCG wafers grown on the resulting single‐crystal Cu(111) substrates exhibit improved crystallinity with >97% aligned graphene domains. As‐synthesized SCG wafers exhibit an average carrier mobility up to 7284 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature from 103 devices and a uniform sheet resistance with only 5% deviation in 4 in. region.
FOXA2 Suppression by TRIM36 Exerts Anti‐Tumor Role in Colorectal Cancer Via Inducing NRF2/GPX4‐Regulated Ferroptosis
Authors: Liu Xin , Yan Chunli , Chang Chunxiao , Meng Fansong , Shen Wenjie , Wang Song , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe forkhead box transcription factor A2 (FOXA2) is a transcription factor and plays a key role in embryonic development, metabolism homeostasis and tumor cell proliferation; however, its regulatory potential in CRC is not fully understood. Here, it is found that FOXA2 expression is markedly up‐regulated in tumor samples of CRC patients as compared with the normal tissues, which is closely associated with the worse survival in patients with CRC. Notably, a positive correlation between FOXA2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) gene expression is observed in CRC patients. Mechanistically, FOXA2 depletion weakens the activation of Nrf2 pathway and decreases GPX4 level in CRC cells, thereby leading to ferroptosis, which is further supported by bioinformatic analysis. More intriguingly, the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 36 (TRIM36) is identified as a key suppressor of FOXA2, and it is observed that TRIM36 can directly interact with FOXA2 and induce its K48‐linked polyubiquitination, resulting in FOXA2 protein degradation in vitro. Taken together, all the studies demonstrate that FOXA2 mediated by TRIM36 promotes CRC progression by inhibiting the Nrf2/GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway, thus providing a new therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Stable Decoding from a Speech BCI Enables Control for an Individual with ALS without Recalibration for 3 Months
Authors: Luo Shiyu , Angrick Miguel , Coogan Christopher , Candrea Daniel N. , Wyse‐Sookoo Kimberley , Shah Samyak , Rabbani Qinwan , Milsap Griffin W. , Weiss Alexander R. , Anderson William S. , Tippett Donna C. , Maragakis Nicholas J. , Clawson Lora L. , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Wester Brock A. , Tenore Francesco V. , Hermansky Hynek , Fifer Matthew S. , Ramsey Nick F. , Crone Nathan E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrain‐computer interfaces (BCIs) can be used to control assistive devices by patients with neurological disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that limit speech and movement. For assistive control, it is desirable for BCI systems to be accurate and reliable, preferably with minimal setup time. In this study, a participant with severe dysarthria due to ALS operates computer applications with six intuitive speech commands via a chronic electrocorticographic (ECoG) implant over the ventral sensorimotor cortex. Speech commands are accurately detected and decoded (median accuracy: 90.59%) throughout a 3‐month study period without model retraining or recalibration. Use of the BCI does not require exogenous timing cues, enabling the participant to issue self‐paced commands at will. These results demonstrate that a chronically implanted ECoG‐based speech BCI can reliably control assistive devices over long time periods with only initial model training and calibration, supporting the feasibility of unassisted home use.
Indian patients with CHST3‐related chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations
Authors: Singh Swati , Jacob Prince , Patil Siddaramappa J. , Muranjan Mamta , Shah Hitesh , Girisha Katta M. , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCHST3‐related chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations (CDCJD, #MIM 143095), is a rare genetic skeletal disorder caused by biallelic loss of function variants in CHST3. CHST3 is critical for the sulfation of chondroitin sulfate. This study delineates the clinical presentation of nine individuals featuring the key symptoms of CDCJD; congenital joint (knee and elbow) dislocations, short trunk short stature progressive vertebral anomalies, and metacarpal shortening. Additional manifestations include irregular distal femoral epiphysis, supernumerary carpal ossification centers, bifid humerus, club foot, and cardiac abnormalities. Sanger sequencing was carried out to investigate molecular etiology in eight patients and exome sequencing in one. Genetic testing revealed five homozygous variants in CHST3 (four were novel and one was previously reported). All these variants are located on sulfotransferase domain of CHST3 protein and were classified as pathogenic/ likely pathogenic. We thus report on nine individuals with CHST3‐related chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations from India and suggest monitoring the health of cardiac valves in this condition.
Utilizing a Mild and Effective Catalyst, Alum (KAl(SO4)2⋅12H2O), for Carbohydrate Protection
Authors: Chen Jyun‐Siao , Zhang Kai‐Min , Ke Yi‐Fan , Hsu Hsiao‐Lin , Liou De‐Cian , Chen Ching‐Hsien , Kou Chia‐Yang , Yen Wei‐Chung , Wu Hsin‐Ru , Chen Chien‐Sheng , Luo Shun‐Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to optimize the per‐O‐acetylation, deacetylation, and benzylidene protection of carbohydrates and investigate the scope of saccharides via alum‐catalysis. Initially, optimization was based on the previously reported PTA‐catalyzed acetylation of glucose, but alum‐catalysis required heating conditions. The study expanded to investigate the per‐O‐acetylation of different saccharides, including galactose and mannose, which produced stereoisomeric mixtures. The study proposed a plausible reaction mechanism for the isomerization observed in galactose and xylose after acetylation. The mechanism involved chelation of the active alum‐catalyst with the O‐6 position and β‐type O‐1 position of galactopyranose to form a transition state complex via ring opening. This study investigated the generality of the de‐O‐acetylation method on a variety of carbohydrates using per‐O‐acetyl saccharide substrates bearing different functional groups. The direct protection of benzylidene in addition to acetylation/de‐O‐acetylation with a focus on optimizing reaction conditions for the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives. Overall, the study offers insights into optimizing de‐acetylation, per‐O‐acetylation, and benzylidene protection investigating the scope of saccharides via alum‐catalysis.
Toughening Brittle Bio‐P3HB with Synthetic P3HB of Engineered Stereomicrostructures
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Quinn Ethan C. , Olmedo‐Martínez Jorge L. , Caputo Maria Rosaria , Franklin Kevin A. , Müller Alejandro J. , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), a biologically produced, biodegradable natural polyester, exhibits excellent thermal and barrier properties but suffers from mechanical brittleness, largely limiting its applications. Here we report a mono‐material product design strategy to toughen stereoperfect, brittle bio or synthetic P3HB by blending it with stereomicrostructurally engineered P3HB. Through tacticity ([mm] from 0 to 100 %) and molecular weight (Mn to 788 kDa) tuning, high‐performance synthetic P3HB materials with tensile strength to ≈30 MPa, fracture strain to ≈800 %, and toughness to 126 MJ m−3 (>110× tougher than bio‐P3HB) have been produced. Physical blending of the brittle P3HB with such P3HB in 10 to 90 wt % dramatically enhances its ductility from ≈5 % to 95–450 % and optical clarity from 19 % to 85 % visible light transmittance while maintaining desirably high elastic modulus (>1 GPa), tensile strength (>35 MPa), and melting temperature (160–170 °C). This P3HB‐toughening‐P3HB methodology departs from the traditional approach of incorporating chemically distinct components to toughen P3HB, which hinders chemical or mechanical recycling, highlighting the potential of the mono‐material product design solely based on biodegradable P3HB to deliver P3HB materials with diverse performance properties.
Geometrically Compelled Silicon(II)/Silicon(IV) Donor–Acceptor Interaction Enables the Enamination of Nitriles
Authors: Kong Deliang , Li Jiancheng , Dai Wen , Jiang Liuying , Zhao Yiling , Zhu Hongping , Fu Gang , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiscovering new bonding scenarios and subsequently exploring the reactivity contribute substantially to advance the main group element chemistry. Herein, we report on the isolation and characterization of an intriguing class of the hydrido‐benzosiloles 2–4. These compounds exhibit a side arm of the amidinatosilylenyl group, featuring unidirectional silicon(II)/silicon(IV) donor‐acceptor interaction on account of the geometric constraint. Furthermore, the reactions involving 2–4 with nitriles yield the tricyclic compounds that edge‐fused of the Si‐heteroimidazolidine‐CN2Si2, silole‐C4Si, and phenyl‐C6‐rings (5–13). These compounds are manifesting a unique reaction that the silicon(II)/silicon(IV) interaction enables the enamination of the α‐H‐bearing nitriles. The reaction mechanism involved in H‐shift under oxidative addition at silylene followed by hydrosilylation of a ketenimine intermediate was revealed by density function theory (DFT) calculations.
High‐pressure high‐temperature fluid displacement by foam injection within a multiblock matrix‐fracture system
Authors: Fathollahi Alireza , Khosravi Maryam , Rostami Behzad , Saeibehrouzi Ali , Hassani Kamran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFoam injection has been suggested and demonstrated as a potential gas‐based solution for enhancing oil recovery from underground reservoirs. While the pore‐scale behavior of foam has been investigated for many years, most of those studies were done at room temperature and pressure. A high‐pressure high‐temperature (HPHT) cell was constructed to relax this contributing simplification and evaluate foam behavior under reservoir conditions. The performance of foam injection into a fractured reservoir was investigated experimentally at vertical and horizontal pathways utilizing a 2D microfluidic device. The results showed foam had a higher lamellae density in the fracture network and could direct fluids to the matrix. This was mainly attributed to the created pressure drop in the fractured media dictated by foam self‐tuning ability, which is a higher viscosity in areas with higher conductivity. Generating a viscous crossflow in horizontal tests leads to enhanced recovery relative to gas injection. But the presence of gravity in the vertical tests causes the drainage of the foam film and the segregation of the gas and surfactant solution due to gravity, which ultimately reduces the stability of the foam. Comparing the performance of gas and foam in the vertical injection scenario reveals that foam injection results in a considerably more enhanced oil recovery. The oleic phase had a detrimental impact on foam strength and reduced fluids diversion from fracture to matrix. The sizes of gas bubbles were also larger in the presence of the oleic phase.
Zygomatic arch root position in relation to dietary type in haplorhine primates
Authors: Edmonds Hallie M. , Daly E. Susanne , Smail Irene E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe zygomatic root, along with other key craniofacial features, is hypothesized to play a crucial role in strengthening the face in response to stresses and strains related to feeding. As such, it has been cited as indicative of dietary specialization among fossil taxa, although it remains unknown how variable zygomatic arch root position is among living primates, and whether its positioning predicts differences in diet. We test whether primates that consume more mechanically challenging foods possess more anteriorly positioned zygomatic roots compared to those consuming less challenging foods. Zygomatic root position, as defined by the zygomaxillare landmark, was identified and recorded from digital images and physical specimens of adult primate crania. Data were collected from 33 haplorhine species (n = 722). Published data were used to assign species to a dietary type based on patterns of overall consumption along with reliance on especially challenging foods. Pairwise comparisons between mechanically challenging (hard and/or tough) and less mechanically challenging (soft) consumers found significant differences (p < 0.05) in the position of the zygomatic root in 17 of 20 pairs, 11 of which supported the prediction that a more mechanically challenging diet is associated with a more anteriorly placed zygomatic root. PGLS analysis found no significant effect of phylogeny on root position. This suggests that a more anteriorly positioned zygomatic root is useful for identifying dietary specialization in some taxa but is not required for consuming a mechanically challenging diet given that other craniofacial and behavioral factors can facilitate the consumption of such foods.
Verbindungen mit Nägeln im Holzbau – die Erforschung und Entwicklung von Konstruktionsregeln
Authors: Fischer Jens , Schwendner Sascha , Seim Werner , Engelmann Iris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDer metallische Nagel als tragendes Verbindungsmittel in Holzkonstruktionen ist heute weitverbreitet. Doch noch vor 100 Jahren war das anders: sein statisch konstruktiver Gebrauch war in Deutschland nicht normativ geregelt. Das änderte sich Ende der 1920er‐Jahre, als damit begonnen wurde, genagelte Verbindungen systematisch zu erforschen. Seit 1933 ist der Nagel Bestandteil der deutschen Regelwerke und findet seitdem breite Verwendung. Über weite Teile des 20. Jahrhunderts diente er in Not‐ und Sparkonstruktionen wie Brett‐ und Bohlenbindern als hocheffizientes Verbindungsmittel der Wahl. Diese materialsparenden Tragwerke waren in Zeiten wiederkehrender Ressourcenknappheit sehr gefragt und gehören damit zur Konstruktionsgeschichte des Holzbaus. In diesem Beitrag wird über die Forschung zur Anwendung von Nägeln in Holzkonstruktionen und die einhergehend fortlaufende Normierung berichtet. Die stufenweisen Fortschritte werden vorgestellt. Anhand eines Zeitstrahls werden Zusammenhänge zwischen Forschung und Normung gezeigt. Tabellen und Grafiken verdeutlichen die Änderungen innerhalb der Normen von der ersten DIN 1052 im Jahr 1933 über die erste eigenständige Holzbaunorm in der DDR, die TGL 112‐0730, aus 1963 bis zur DIN 1052‐1988. Abschließend wird Bezug zum derzeitigen Entwurf des Eurocode 5 genommen. Allgemein zeigt sich, dass ein Großteil der heute immer noch gültigen Kenntnisse auf die Grundlagenforschung der 1930er‐Jahre zurückgeht.
Nägel im Holzbau – die Erforschung des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens
Authors: Schwendner Sascha , Fischer Jens , Seim Werner , Engelmann Iris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Tragfähigkeit von Nägeln (Drahtstifte) und Nagelverbindungen im Holzbau war lange Zeit ausschließlich über Tabellen, die auf experimentellen Untersuchungen basierten, geregelt. In den letzten 100 Jahren untersuchten unterschiedliche Forscher das Last‐Verformungsverhalten dieser Verbindungen und entwickelten Modelle, mit denen auf Grundlage von analytischen Gleichungen die Tragfähigkeit und das Verformungsverhalten von Nägeln berechnet werden können. Die zunächst in Not‐ und Sparkonstruktionen eingesetzten Nägel werden heutzutage v. a. im Holztafelbau verwendet. Im Bestand finden sich aber auch zahlreiche, teils weitgespannte Fachwerkkonstruktionen, deren Tragsicherheit auf den genagelten Verbindungen in den Knotenpunkten basiert. In dem folgenden Beitrag wird die Erforschung und Entwicklung des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens von Holz‐Holz‐Verbindungen mit Nägeln als Verbindungsmittel chronologisch und detailliert erläutert. Die entsprechenden Meilensteine werden genauer betrachtet. Unterschiedliche Methoden für die Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit werden vorgestellt. Auf mechanische Phänomene, die nach und nach erforscht wurden, wird eingegangen. Mit dem heute erreichten Stand des Wissens können vielfältige Verbindungen nachgewiesen werden. Zudem ist es möglich, deren Steifigkeit explizit zu bestimmen. Tabellen und Grafiken verdeutlichen die einzelnen Meilensteine der geschichtlichen Entwicklung und vergleichen konkret die unterschiedlichen normativen Regelungen seit Beginn der Einführung des Nagels in den Ingenieurholzbau in Deutschland. Hierbei kann gezeigt werden, dass es trotz unterschiedlicher Herangehensweisen seit 1933 kaum Änderungen bei den Ergebnissen der rechnerischen Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit gibt.