bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcass provisioning and intra-guild risk avoidance between two sympatric large carnivores
Authors: Nordli Kristoffer , Walton Zea , Eriksen Ane , Rogstad Marius , Zimmermann Barbara , Wikenros Camilla , Aronsson Malin , Wabakken Petter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Apex carnivores that rely primarily on predation play a central but complex role within scavenging ecology by potentially suppressing intra-guild competitors, but also facilitating them by providing a reliable supply of carrion. We investigated the competitive relationship between sympatric wolves (Canis lupus) and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Norway across three seasons. We deployed remote cameras at fresh wolf kills (n = 29) and built Bayesian generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to explore the use of fresh wolf-killed prey by sympatric wolves and wolverines. Our results showed that wolves facilitated wolverines by providing scavenging opportunities. Biomass available from wolf kills was influenced by seasonal wolf prey preference and group size. Wolverines visited 100% of wolf kills in fall and winter, whereas only 18% in summer. We found that in winter, wolverines visited wolf kills 3.6 and 6.7 times more often than single wolves and wolf groups revisited their kills, and spent 10 and 25 times as much time at carcasses compared to single wolves and groups of wolves. Thus, wolverines played an important role in the depletion of wolf-killed prey, with potential effects on the scavenging behavior of other guild members. Understanding how globally threatened top predators may function as key species in scavenging processes is important to conservation as this may have community-wide cascading effects and support important ecosystem functions and services.

Significance statement
Large carnivores serve a central role within scavenging ecology through the suppression and facilitation of intraguild competitors. The wolf, as an apex obligate predator, can provide a reliable supply of carrion, that can serve as an important resource to facultative scavengers. However, while facultative behavior helps to mitigate the effects of limited prey for scavengers, it can also increase exposure to competition and intraguild predation. Across three seasons, we explored the use of fresh wolf-killed prey by sympatric wolves and wolverines. Our findings reveal that wolves facilitate wolverines by providing scavenging opportunities, where biomass available from kills is influenced by wolves’ prey preference and group size. Wolverines, like wolves, utilized kills heavily during winter, when increased access to food is important to wolverine reproductive rates. Wolverines exhibited caching behavior, possibly reducing exposure to interspecific competition, while serving an important role in the depletion of carrion biomass.
A 15-year review of lightning deaths in Germany—with a focus on pathognomonic findings
Authors: Bingert Rebecca , Bremer Larissa , Büttner Andreas , Nigbur Stefan , Blumenthal Ryan , Zack Fred 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLethal accidents caused by lightning are divided into observed and unobserved events. Pathognomonic or characteristic findings are often overlooked during external postmortem examination. Classical mistakes may be made which may often lead to an incorrect diagnosis. An analysis of 270 fatalities was performed on a historical collection of the Committee for Lightning Conductor Construction for the United Economic Area e. V. (ABBW) on lethal accidents due to lightning that occurred in Germany for the period 1951–1965. Furthermore, a selective literature research was carried out. The aim of the study was to analyze the death scene, the clothing, and the victim. The authors focused on chief findings which were relevant to the correct diagnosis of “death by lightning.” Both Lichtenberg figures and singed body hair were considered pathognomonic for a lightning strike. The question arose as to whether Lichtenberg figures, for example, represented the finding that most often led to the correct diagnosis. Of the 270 lightning-struck victims from the case collection, 129 (47.8%) had singed body hair and 25 (9.3%) had Lichtenberg figures. A comparison of the frequency of the two reported findings, singed body hair versus Lichtenberg figures, has only been performed in the literature for case numbers below 40. This study is the first evaluation of a relatively large number of lethal accidents due to lightning. Singed body hair was reported more frequently in lightning-struck victims than Lichtenberg figures. This study showed that singed body hair is probably more diagnostically important than Lichtenberg figures.
A visualization analysis of hotspots and global trends on pelvic floor dysfunction in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Jiawen , Wang Xinhao , Ma Tianming , Lu Yu , Yan Zehao , Wang Jianye , Hao Qiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background/objective
Cervical cancer is the major cause of cancer-related mortalities in women globally. It constitutes one of the life-threatening conditions for women in developing countries. The popularization of cervical cancer screening and the improvement of treatment levels has caused the mortality rate of cervical cancer to decrease gradually, but pelvic floor dysfunction before and after cervical cancer treatment has become prominent and attracted more and more attention. Bibliometric analysis has been carried out in this research. The main goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive insight into the knowledge structure and global research hotspots about pelvic floor dysfunction in cervical cancer.

Methods
Literature related to cervical cancer and pelvic floor dysfunction as of May 2023 was searched on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). The visualization and bibliometric analyses of the number and contents of publications were performed to analyze the temporal trends, spatial distribution, collaborative networks, influential references, keyword co-occurrence, and clustering.

Results
There were 870 publications from 74 countries or regions, with the U.S. publications in a leading position. Since 2020, the number of publications has rapidly increased with the emphasis on the quality of life of cervical cancer patients. Although pelvic floor dysfunction in cervical cancer mainly occurs in developing countries, developed countries have made great contributions to this disease. However, in developing countries such as China and India, the quality of publications needs to be improved. In this field, the studies focused on the sexual dysfunction or urinary incontinence of cervical cancer patients, and the most cited papers discussed the effect of cervical cancer treatment on the sexual activities of females. The frontier keywords were represented by pelvic radiotherapy and risk factors.

Conclusion
This study provides an objective and comprehensive analysis of the literature available on pelvic floor dysfunction in cervical cancer and identifies future trends and current hotspots. It can provide a valuable reference for researchers in this field.
Preference learning and multiple criteria decision aiding: differences, commonalities, and synergies–part I
Authors: Hüllermeier Eyke , Słowiński Roman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultiple criteria decision aiding (MCDA) and preference learning (PL) are established research fields, which have different roots, developed in different communities – the former in the decision sciences and operations research, the latter in AI and machine learning – and have their own agendas in terms of problem setting, assumptions, and criteria of success. In spite of this, they share the major goal of constructing practically useful decision models that either support humans in the task of choosing the best, classifying, or ranking alternatives from a given set, or even automate decision-making by acting autonomously on behalf of the human. Therefore, MCDA and PL can complement and mutually benefit from each other, a potential that has been exhausted only to some extent so far. By elaborating on the connection between MCDA and PL in more depth, our goal is to stimulate further research at the junction of these two fields. To this end, we first review both methodologies, MCDA in this part of the paper and PL in the second part, with the intention of highlighting their most common elements. In the second part, we then compare both methodologies in a systematic way and give an overview of existing work on combining PL and MCDA.
An innovative methodology for the adjustable use of energy line angle for susceptibility mapping by using cone propagation approach
Authors: Kalender Aycan , Sonmez Harun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRockfall frequently occurs in the mountainous areas and threatens structures such as settlement areas, transportation lines, and agricultural field. The empirical approaches for rockfall mapping have been an attractive research topic in rock mechanics in the recent years, because producing rockfall maps of large areas by using the deterministic and the probabilistic analysis seems difficult due to the necessity of numerous inputs. The cone propagation approach is preferred as a practical tool particularly in the regional scale. The digital elevation model (DEM) of a region prone to rockfall is used for determination of possible propagation zones based on a simple geometric rule known as the energy line angle (reach angle). As a new term, ELAmax_stop was defined to represent the energy line angle that extends to the border of the propagation zone as the maximum run-out distance that is obtained from application of the cone approach to all points (pixels) in source area. The angle denoted as α refers to the threshold slope angle of the steep areas utilized to identify potential source areas by using DEM. Conceptually, the fallen rock blocks within a rockfall-prone region stop within the cone propagation zone, which is bounded by the energy line angles α and ELAmax_stop. While the value of α is susceptible to the resolution of DEM, ELAmax_stop, which exhibits a wide angle range as documented in the literature, is controlled by rock block features together with slope surface properties of the propagation zone. Due to the variability of ELAmax_stop and α depending on the studied region and the resolution of the DEM, the boundary value of the energy line angles between different susceptibility classes need to be adjusted by considering α and ELAmax_stop. By adopting the cone propagation approach to enable adjustable use of energy line angles for rockfall susceptibility mapping, a series of graphical presentations was prepared. These graphical presentations allowed for the prediction of energy line angles corresponding to various rockfall susceptibility classes including very low, low, medium, high, and very high. In addition to the graphical presentations, a series of practical equations were derived for the same purpose. In the final part of the study, a new rating system, namely the run-out distance rating (RDR), was introduced for the preliminary determination of ELAmax_stop. Due to the empirical structure of the methodology, the suggested supportive approach to the practitioners for determining ELAmax_stop should be considered as an initial step that opens to improvement. The proposed methodology in this study was implemented in the regions of Kargabedir Hill and Sivrihisar residential areas in Turkey to prepare rockfall susceptibility maps.
Scientometric analysis of quantum-inspired metaheuristic algorithms
Authors: Pooja  , Sood Sandeep Kumar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantum algorithms, based on the principles of quantum mechanics, offer significant parallel processing capabilities with a wide range of applications. Nature-inspired stochastic optimization algorithms have long been a research hotspot. The fusion of quantum mechanics with optimization methods can potentially address NP-hard problems more efficiently and exponentially faster. The potential advantages provided by the ground-breaking paradigm have expedited the scientific output of quantum-inspired optimization algorithms locale. Consequently, a pertinent investigation is required to explain how ground-breaking scientific advancements have evolved. The scientometric approach utilizes quantitative and qualitative techniques to analyze research publications to evaluate the structure of scientific knowledge. Henceforth, the current research presents a scientometric and systematic analysis of quantum-inspired metaheuristic algorithms (QiMs) literature from the Scopus database since its inception. The scientometric implications of the article offer a detailed exploration of the publication patterns, keyword co-occurrence network analysis, author co-citation analysis and country collaboration analysis corresponding to each opted category of QiMs. The analysis reveals that QiMs solely account to 26.66% of publication share in quantum computing and have experienced an impressive 42.59% growth rate in the past decade. Notably, power management, adiabatic quantum computation, and vehicle routing are prominent emerging application areas. An extensive systematic literature analysis identifies key insights and research gaps in the QiMs knowledge domain. Overall, the findings of the current article provide scientific cues to researchers and the academic fraternity for identifying the intellectual landscape and latest research trends of QiMs, thereby fostering innovation and informed decision-making.
Personalized choice prediction with less user information
Authors: Chen Francine , Zhang Yanxia , Nguyen Minh , Klenk Matt , Wu Charlene 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile most models of human choice are linear to ease interpretation, it is not clear whether linear models are good models of human decision making. And while prior studies have investigated how task conditions and group characteristics, such as personality or socio-demographic background, influence human decisions, no prior works have investigated how to use less personal information for choice prediction. We propose a deep learning model based on self-attention and cross-attention to model human decision making which takes into account both subject-specific information and task conditions. We show that our model can consistently predict human decisions more accurately than linear models and other baseline models while remaining interpretable. In addition, although a larger amount of subject specific information will generally lead to more accurate choice prediction, collecting more surveys to gather subject background information is a burden to subjects, as well as costly and time-consuming. To address this, we introduce a training scheme that reduces the number of surveys that must be collected in order to achieve more accurate predictions.
The potential of patient-based nurse staffing – a queuing theory application in the neonatal intensive care setting
Authors: Sülz Sandra , Fügener Andreas , Becker-Peth Michael , Roth Bernhard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFaced by a severe shortage of nurses and increasing demand for care, hospitals need to optimally determine their staffing levels. Ideally, nurses should be staffed to those shifts where they generate the highest positive value for the quality of healthcare. This paper develops an approach that identifies the incremental benefit of staffing an additional nurse depending on the patient mix. Based on the reasoning that timely fulfillment of care demand is essential for the healthcare process and its quality in the critical care setting, we propose to measure the incremental benefit of staffing an additional nurse through reductions in time until care arrives (TUCA). We determine TUCA by relying on queuing theory and parametrize the model with real data collected through an observational study. The study indicates that using the TUCA concept and applying queuing theory at the care event level has the potential to improve quality of care for a given nurse capacity by efficiently trading situations of high versus low workload.
Decolonising the African doctorate: transforming the foundations of knowledge
Authors: Gumbo Mishack T. , Knaus Christopher B. , Gasa Velisiwe G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite revolutions, ongoing student protests, and long-standing transformational efforts, African higher education remains steeped in a colonial model, with current structures, approaches, and purposes paralleling Western universities. The doctorate, the highest level of formal education one can attain, reflects this commitment to Western domination, relying upon European conceptions of knowledge to shape the entire research process. Thus, knowledge construction in higher education, and particularly in the African doctorate, has remained fixed to Eurocentrism. This conceptual article presents a critical race theory model to transform the African doctorate towards a social justice orientation, arguing for investments in race-conscious, Black affirming approaches that recognise doctoral researcher positionalities and African languages as ways to disrupt socio-political and racialised contexts. This transformation requires re-alignment of the entire research endeavour through an Ubuntu lens, with doctoral recipients engaging in training and support that embody antiracist, decolonial, and African Indigenous-affirming approaches.
Review of the globally invasive freshwater mussels in the genus Sinanodonta Modell, 1945
Authors: Douda Karel , Zieritz Alexandra , Vodáková Barbora , Urbańska Maria , Bolotov Ivan N. , Marková Jana , Froufe Elsa , Bogan Arthur E. , Lopes-Lima Manuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the biology, ecology, and impact of Sinanodonta freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae), native to East Asia, that have successfully invaded Europe, Central America, North Africa, and several Asian regions. The main introduction pathways of Sinanodonta were reconstructed based on DNA sequence data and distribution records. We show that invasive lineages of Sinanodonta belong to three species, namely, S. woodiana s. str. (“temperate invasive” lineage), S. pacifica (“tropical invasive” lineage), and S. lauta. Their generalist fish-dispersed larvae, short life span, high fecundity, use by humans for multiple purposes, and ability to establish populations in anthropogenically disturbed conditions were identified as crucial traits driving their invasions. Information on the consequences is scarcer, but Sinanodonta can impact native species through larval parasitism, host fish/food competition, and parasite transmission. In addition, ecosystem effects through their filtration—biodeposition—excretion activity and the occurrence of massive die-offs were detected. Ecosystem services and disservices have not yet been quantified, even at local scales, and management methods in the invasive range are understudied. A better understanding of Sinanodonta ecology, impacts, and management options is urgently needed to make informed decisions and set realistic and impactful restoration goals.
Pathways between Child Maltreatment, Psychological Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction: A Network Analysis in Adolescent Inpatients
Authors: Kolar David R. , Monteleone Alessio Maria , Cascino Giammarco , Ertl Sebastian , Meule Adrian , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChild maltreatment is a risk factor for mental disorders and decreased life satisfaction during adolescence. We investigated whether child maltreatment would link to life satisfaction both directly and through psychological symptoms, whether these relations would change from admission to discharge after treatment, and which types of maltreatment, symptoms and facets of life satisfaction would be most influential in adolescent inpatients with internalizing mental disorders. N = 896 adolescent receiving inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment completed questionnaires on child maltreatment experiences, current psychopathology and subjective life satisfaction at admission and discharge (n = 765). Main diagnoses were affective (n = 322), eating (n = 447), obsessive–compulsive (n = 70) and anxiety disorders (n = 57). Network models of child maltreatment, psychopathology and life satisfaction nodes were estimated at admission and discharge and compared using network comparison tests. Potential causal shortest pathways were investigated using directed acyclic graphs.Network models were stable with no significant differences between admission and discharge. Strongest nodes of each cluster were “emotional abuse” (child maltreatment), “worthlessness”, “thinking about dying” and “feeling lonely” (psychopathology) and “satisfied with life” (life satisfaction) at both admission and discharge. Emotional neglect showed direct connections to life satisfaction, indicating its relevance for therapeutic interventions. At both admission and discharge, “sexual abuse” indirectly predicted lower life satisfaction through psychological symptoms. In conclusion, child maltreatment is directly and indirectly connected to life satisfaction in adolescents with mental disorders. Emotional abuse and neglect were especially important in linking child maltreatment to life satisfaction and psychopathology.
New semi-analytical solution of fractional Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation arising in nonlinear optics with non-singular and non-local kernel derivative
Authors: Maghsoudi-Khouzani Sara , Kurt Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a combined form of Laplace transform is applied with the Adomian Decomposition technique for the first time to obtain new semi-analytical solutions of the fractional Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation which is a model arising in nonlinear optics with Caputo–Fabrizio derivative which involves non-singular and non-local kernels in its definition. The obtained results by the suggested method are compared with exact solutions, as a result of remarkable concurrence between the acquired results and the exact proposed method and the exacted solutions. Plotted graphs and given tables illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique. All the calculations are made by the computer software called MAPLE and Mathematica.