bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients With Postpancreatectomy Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Yoo Daegwang , Kang Minsun , Jung Jaehun 
Published: December 2023

Background
Postpancreatectomy diabetes can be caused by resection of functioning pancreatic tissue and is associated with postoperative pancreatic islet cell mass loss and subsequent endocrine dysfunction. Diabetes is a well‐known risk factor for ischemic heart disease. However, no previous studies have investigated ischemic heart disease in patients with postpancreatectomy diabetes and pancreatic cancer.

Methods and Results
Rates of patients with diabetes diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatectomy between 2002 and 2019 in South Korea were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Patient‐level propensity score matching was conducted to reduce the possibility of selection bias, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between postpancreatectomy diabetes and ischemic heart disease. In total, 30 242 patients were initially enrolled in the study. After applying exclusion criteria and propensity score matching, 2952 patients were included in the comparative analysis between the postpancreatectomy group with diabetes and the group without diabetes. Patients in the postpancreatectomy group with diabetes had significantly higher rates of ischemic heart disease than those in the group without diabetes. In total, 3432 patients were included in the comparison between the postpancreatectomy and prepancreatectomy groups with diabetes. There was no significant difference in the risk of ischemic heart disease between the postpancreatectomy and prepancreatectomy groups with diabetes.

Conclusions
Patients who developed diabetes after pancreatectomy had a higher risk of ischemic heart disease than patients who did not develop diabetes after pancreatectomy, and the rate of ischemic heart disease in these patients was similar to that in patients preoperatively diagnosed with diabetes.
One‐Year Outcomes According to Mitral Regurgitation Etiology Following Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair With the PASCAL System: Results From a Multicenter Registry
Authors: von Stein Philipp , Besler Christian , Riebisch Matthias , Al‐Hammadi Osamah , Ruf Tobias , Gerçek Muhammed , Grothusen Christina , Mehr Michael , Becher Marc Ulrich , Friedrichs Kai , Öztürk Can , Baldus Stephan , Guthoff Henning , Rassaf Tienush , Thiele Holger , Nickenig Georg , Hausleiter Jörg , Möllmann Helge , Horn Patrick , Kelm Malte , Rudolph Volker , von Bardeleben Ralph‐Stephan , Nef Holger M. , Luedike Peter , Lurz Philipp , Pfister Roman , Mauri Victor 
Published: December 2023

Background
We previously reported procedural and 30‐day outcomes of a German early multicenter experience with the PASCAL system for severe mitral regurgitation (MR). This study reports 1‐year outcomes of mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair with the PASCAL system according to MR etiology in a large all‐comer cohort.

Methods and Results

Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes up to 1‐year were investigated according to MR etiology (degenerative [DMR], functional [FMR], or mixed [MMR]) in the first 282 patients with symptomatic MR 3+/4+ treated with the PASCAL implant at 9 centers in 2019. A total of 282 patients were included (33% DMR, 50% FMR, 17% MMR). At discharge, MR reduction to ≤1+/2+ was achieved in 58%/87% of DMR, in 75%/97% of FMR, and in 78%/98% of patients with MMR (
P
=0.004). MR reduction to ≤1+/2+ was sustained at 30 days (50%/83% DMR, 67%/97% FMR, 74%/100% MMR) and at 1 year (53%/78% DMR, 75%/97% FMR, 67%/91% MMR) with significant differences between etiologies. DMR patients with residual MR 3+/4+ at 1‐year had at least complex valve morphology in 91.7%. Valve‐related reintervention was performed in 7.4% DMR, 0.7% FMR, and 0.0% MMR (
P
=0.010). At 1‐year, New York Heart Association Functional Class was significantly improved irrespective of MR etiology (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
In this large all‐comer cohort, mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair with the PASCAL system was associated with an acute and sustained MR reduction at 1‐year in all causes. However, in patients with DMR, MR reduction was less pronounced, reflecting the high incidence of complex or very complex anatomies being referred for mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair.
Stance Detection with Explanations
Authors: Saha Rudra Ranajee , Lakshmanan Laks V. S. , Ng Raymond T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Identification of stance has recently gained a lot of attention with the extreme growth of fake news and filter bubbles. Over the last decade, many feature-based and deep-learning approaches have been proposed to solve stance detection. However, almost none of the existing works focus on providing a meaningful explanation for their prediction. In this work, we study stance detection with an emphasis on generating explanations for the predicted stance by capturing the pivotal argumentative structure embedded in a document. We propose to build a stance tree that utilizes rhetorical parsing to construct an evidence tree and to use Dempster Shafer Theory to aggregate the evidence. Human studies show that our unsupervised technique of generating stance explanations outperforms the SOTA extractive summarization method in terms of informativeness, non-redundancy, coverage, and overall quality. Furthermore, experiments show that our explanation-based stance prediction excels or matches the performance of the SOTA model on various benchmark datasets.
The Construction of Global Hierarchies through Disarmament Law
Authors: Hood Anna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article explores how the Great Powers have employed different forms of disarmament law as tools of governance for constructing and reinforcing global hierarchies since the end of the nineteenth century. I argue that some of the laws have affected entities’ statehood, some have impacted states’ sovereignty, some have worked to symbolically lower the status of states in the eyes of the international community, and some have been infused with civilisational rhetoric that has portrayed the Great Powers as civilised entities while casting others as uncivilised. The article then turns to consider what impact the handful of disarmament law initiatives that have not been spearheaded by the Great Powers have had on global hierarchies. I contend that these treaties have done little to challenge the hierarchies entrenched by the Great Powers’ disarmament practices but that a few of them can, in limited ways, be understood as attempting to create alternative hierarchies in the international system.
Protecting Children’s Rights to Development and Culture by Re-Imagining “Ocean Literacies”
Authors: Strand Mia , Shields Sophie , Morgera Elisa , McGarry Dylan , Lancaster Alana Malinde S.N. , Brown Lindy , Snow Bernadette 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the relevance of existing international legal standards on children’s human rights to a healthy ocean. In particular, we reflect on the still underestimated importance of a healthy ocean for children’s human right to development and cultural rights. Focusing on environmental education, we argue that the concept of ocean literacy should rather be conceptualised as a plurality of “ocean literacies”, better to account for multiple ocean knowledges. Ocean literacies in environmental education should be re-imagined to emphasise a systems approach to the ocean, integrating aspects of environmental justice and avoiding the psychological pressure on children to be responsible for the future of the environment. The paper concludes by providing specific recommendations for contextualising and re-imagining ocean literacies in a time where there is an increased global focus on ocean literacy through the UN Ocean Decade.
A gutsy performance: the potential for supplementation of short-chain fatty acids to benefit athletic health, exercise performance, and recovery
Authors: Ong M.L.Y. , Green C.G. , Bongiovanni T. , Heaney L.M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The gut microbiome is known to play an important role in the day-to-day physiology and health of the human host. It is, therefore, not surprising that there is interest surrounding the gut microbiome and its potential to benefit athletic health and performance. This has, in part, been driven by the consideration that gut bacterial by-products (i.e. metabolic waste) could be harnessed by the host and utilised for a beneficial outcome. The concept of harnessing bacterial metabolites as beneficial health modulators has developed the theory of leveraging short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as novel supplements for enhancing athletic performance. This review discusses the current literature investigating SCFA administration in cellular, animal, and human models, with the aim of linking the demonstrated physiological/biochemical mechanisms to potential exercise/athletic benefit. In addition, practical implications and factors relating to SCFA-supplementation in athletic populations are considered. The literature demonstrates a tangible rationale that SCFAs can have a positive impact on human physiology to afford benefits to the athletic population. These advantages include the capacity to improve respiratory immunity to combat elevated levels/severity of upper respiratory tract infections often reported in athletes; the blunting of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways to aid in exercise recovery; and the role of SCFAs as usable energy sources and metabolism modulators to fuel exercise and improve performance and/or endurance capacity. However, there is currently minimal research completed in human participants and thus further investigations into the direct benefit of SCFAs in exercise performance and/or recovery-based studies are required.
Genetic analysis of the blood transcriptome of young healthy pigs to improve disease resilience
Authors: Lim Kyu-Sang , Cheng Jian , Tuggle Christopher , Dyck Michael , Canada PigGen , Fortin Frederic , Harding John , Plastow Graham , Dekkers Jack 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Disease resilience is the ability of an animal to maintain productive performance under disease conditions and is an important selection target. In pig breeding programs, disease resilience must be evaluated on selection candidates without exposing them to disease. To identify potential genetic indicators for disease resilience that can be measured on selection candidates, we focused on the blood transcriptome of 1594 young healthy pigs with subsequent records on disease resilience. Transcriptome data were obtained by 3’mRNA sequencing and genotype data were from a 650 K genotyping array.

Results
Heritabilities of the expression of 16,545 genes were estimated, of which 5665 genes showed significant estimates of heritability (p < 0.05), ranging from 0.05 to 0.90, with or without accounting for white blood cell composition. Genes with heritable expression levels were spread across chromosomes, but were enriched in the swine leukocyte antigen region (average estimate > 0.2). The correlation of heritability estimates with the corresponding estimates obtained for genes expressed in human blood was weak but a sizable number of genes with heritable expression levels overlapped. Genes with heritable expression levels were significantly enriched for biological processes such as cell activation, immune system process, stress response, and leukocyte activation, and were involved in various disease annotations such as RNA virus infection, including SARS-Cov2, as well as liver disease, and inflammation. To estimate genetic correlations with disease resilience, 3205 genotyped pigs, including the 1594 pigs with transcriptome data, were evaluated for disease resilience following their exposure to a natural polymicrobial disease challenge. Significant genetic correlations (p < 0.05) were observed with all resilience phenotypes, although few exceeded expected false discovery rates. Enrichment analysis of genes ranked by estimates of genetic correlations with resilience phenotypes revealed significance for biological processes such as regulation of cytokines, including interleukins and interferons, and chaperone mediated protein folding.

Conclusions
These results suggest that expression levels in the blood of young healthy pigs for genes in biological pathways related to immunity and endoplasmic reticulum stress have potential to be used as genetic indicator traits to select for disease resilience.
Frequentmers - a novel way to look at metagenomic next generation sequencing data and an application in detecting liver cirrhosis
Authors: Mouratidis Ioannis , Chantzi Nikol , Khan Umair , Konnaris Maxwell A. , Chan Candace S. Y. , Mareboina Manvita , Moeckel Camille , Georgakopoulos-Soares Ilias 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEarly detection of human disease is associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, many diseases are often detected at an advanced, symptomatic stage where patients are past efficacious treatment periods and can result in less favorable outcomes. Therefore, methods that can accurately detect human disease at a presymptomatic stage are urgently needed. Here, we introduce “frequentmers”; short sequences that are specific and recurrently observed in either patient or healthy control samples, but not in both. We showcase the utility of frequentmers for the detection of liver cirrhosis using metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing data from stool samples of patients and controls. We develop classification models for the detection of liver cirrhosis and achieve an AUC score of 0.91 using ten-fold cross-validation. A small subset of 200 frequentmers can achieve comparable results in detecting liver cirrhosis. Finally, we identify the microbial organisms in liver cirrhosis samples, which are associated with the most predictive frequentmer biomarkers.
Genome- and transcriptome-wide identification of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases (TPP) gene family and their expression patterns under abiotic stress and exogenous trehalose in soybean
Authors: Shao Wenjing , Zhang Xinlin , Zhou Zhiheng , Ma Yue , Chu Duo , Wang Lei , Yang Yiming , Du Lin , Du Yanli , Du Jidao , Zhao Qiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) is an essential enzyme catalyzing trehalose synthesis, an important regulatory factor for plant development and stress response in higher plants. However, the TPP gene family in soybean has not been reported.

Results
A comprehensive analysis of the TPP gene family identified 18 GmTPPs classified into eight groups based on the phylogenetic relationships and the conservation of protein in six monocot and eudicot plants. The closely linked subfamilies had similar motifs and intron/exon numbers. Segmental duplication was the main driving force of soybean GmTPPs expansion. In addition, analysis of the cis-regulatory elements and promoter regions of GmTPPs revealed that GmTPPs regulated the response to several abiotic stresses. Moreover, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis of the tissue-specific GmTPPs under different abiotic stresses revealed that most GmTPPs were associated with response to different stresses, including cold, drought, saline-alkali, and exogenous trehalose. Notably, exogenous trehalose treatment up-regulated the expression of most TPP genes under saline-alkali conditions while increasing the carbohydrate and trehalose levels and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in soybean sprouts, especially in the saline-alkali tolerant genotype. Furthermore, the interaction network and miRNA target prediction revealed that GmTPPs interacted with abiotic stress response-related transcription factors.

Conclusions
The findings in this study lay a foundation for further functional studies on TPP-based breeding to improve soybean development and stress tolerance.
Including uncertainty of the expected mortality rates in the prediction of loss in life expectancy
Authors: Leontyeva Yuliya , Lambe Mats , Bower Hannah , Lambert Paul C. , Andersson Therese M.-L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study introduces a novel method for estimating the variance of life expectancy since diagnosis (LEC) and loss in life expectancy (LLE) for cancer patients within a relative survival framework in situations where life tables based on the entire general population are not accessible. LEC and LLE are useful summary measures of survival in population-based cancer studies, but require information on the mortality in the general population. Our method addresses the challenge of incorporating the uncertainty of expected mortality rates when using a sample from the general population.

Methods
To illustrate the approach, we estimated LEC and LLE for patients diagnosed with colon and breast cancer in Sweden. General population mortality rates were based on a random sample drawn from comparators of a matched cohort. Flexible parametric survival models were used to model the mortality among cancer patients and the mortality in the random sample from the general population. Based on the models, LEC and LLE together with their variances were estimated. The results were compared with those obtained using fixed expected mortality rates.

Results
By accounting for the uncertainty of expected mortality rates, the proposed method ensures more accurate estimates of variances and, therefore, confidence intervals of LEC and LLE for cancer patients. This is particularly valuable for older patients and some cancer types, where underestimation of the variance can be substantial when the entire general population data are not accessible.

Conclusion
The method can be implemented using existing software, making it accessible for use in various cancer studies. The provided example of Stata code further facilitates its adoption.
Symptom-based scoring technique by machine learning to predict COVID-19: a validation study
Authors: Vidyanti Amelia Nur , Satiti Sekar , Khairani Atitya Fithri , Fauzi Aditya Rifqi , Hardhantyo Muhammad , Sufriyana Herdiantri , Su Emily Chia-Yu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surges, such as that which occurred when omicron variants emerged, may overwhelm healthcare systems. To function properly, such systems should balance detection and workloads by improving referrals using simple yet precise and sensitive diagnostic predictions. A symptom-based scoring system was developed using machine learning for the general population, but no validation has occurred in healthcare settings. We aimed to validate a COVID-19 scoring system using self-reported symptoms, including loss of smell and taste as major indicators.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate medical records of patients admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from March 2020 to December 2021. Outcomes were defined by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We compared the symptom-based scoring system, as the index test, with antigen tests, antibody tests, and clinical judgements by primary care physicians. To validate use of the index test to improve referral, we evaluated positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity.

Results
After clinical judgement with a PPV of 61% (n = 327/530, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 60% to 62%), confirmation with the index test resulted in the highest PPV of 85% (n = 30/35, 95% CI: 83% to 87%) but the lowest sensitivity (n = 30/180, 17%, 95% CI: 15% to 19%). If this confirmation was defined by either positive predictive scoring or antigen tests, the PPV was 92% (n = 55/60, 95% CI: 90% to 94%). Meanwhile, the sensitivity was 88% (n = 55/62, 95% CI: 87% to 89%), which was higher than that when using only antigen tests (n = 29/41, 71%, 95% CI: 69% to 73%).

Conclusions
The symptom-based COVID-19 predictive score was validated in healthcare settings for its precision and sensitivity. However, an impact study is needed to confirm if this can balance detection and workload for the next COVID-19 surge.
KRAS status predicted by pretreatment MRI radiomics was associated with lung metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer patients
Authors: Xiang Yirong , Li Shuai , Song Maxiaowei , Wang Hongzhi , Hu Ke , Wang Fengwei , Wang Zhi , Niu Zhiyong , Liu Jin , Cai Yong , Li Yongheng , Zhu Xianggao , Geng Jianhao , Zhang Yangzi , Teng Huajing , Wang Weihu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Mutated KRAS may indicate an invasive nature and predict prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We aimed to establish a radiomic model using pretreatment T2W MRIs to predict KRAS status and explore the association between the KRAS status or model predictions and lung metastasis.

Methods
In this retrospective multicentre study, LARC patients from two institutions between January 2012 and January 2019 were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and the support vector machine (SVM) classifier were utilized to select significant radiomic features and establish a prediction model, which was validated by radiomic score distribution and decision curve analysis. The association between the model stratification and lung metastasis was investigated by Cox regression and Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis; the results were compared by the log-rank test.

Results
Overall, 103 patients were enrolled (73 and 30 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively). The median follow-up was 38.1 months (interquartile range: 26.9, 49.4). The radiomic model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.983 in the training cohort and 0.814 in the testing cohort. Using a cut-off of 0.679 defined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, patients with a high radiomic score (RS) had a higher risk for lung metastasis (HR 3.565, 95% CI 1.337, 9.505, p = 0.011), showing similar predictive performances for the mutant and wild-type KRAS groups (HR 3.225, 95% CI 1.249, 8.323, p = 0.016, IDI: 1.08%, p = 0.687; NRI 2.23%, p = 0.766).

Conclusions
We established and validated a radiomic model for predicting KRAS status in LARC. Patients with high RS experienced more lung metastases. The model could noninvasively detect KRAS status and may help individualize clinical decision-making.
Association of fresh vegetable and salt-preserved vegetable consumptions with estimated glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Zheng Haiqing , Li Huixian , Pan Liyan , Hu Lianting , Chen Xuanhui , Hou Jiaxin , Liang Huiying 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of fresh and salt-preserved vegetables and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which requires further research.

Methods
For this purpose, the data of those subjects who participated in the 2011–2012 and 2014 surveys of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and had biomarker data were selected. Fresh and salt-preserved vegetable consumptions were assessed at each wave. eGFR was assessed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation based on plasma creatinine. Furthermore, a linear mixed model was used to evaluate associations between fresh/salt-preserved vegetables and eGFR.

Results
The results indicated that the median baseline and follow-up eGFRs were 72.47 mL/min/1.73 m² and 70.26 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively. After applying adjusted linear mixed model analysis to the data, the results revealed that compared to almost daily intake, occasional consumption of fresh vegetables was associated with a lower eGFR (β=-2.23, 95% CI: -4.23, -0.23). Moreover, rare or no consumption of salt-preserved vegetables was associated with a higher eGFR (β = 1.87, 95% CI: 0.12, 3.63) compared to individuals who consumed salt-preserved vegetables daily.

Conclusion
Fresh vegetable consumption was direct, whereas intake of salt-preserved vegetables was inversely associated with eGFR among the oldest subjects, supporting the potential benefits of diet-rich fresh vegetables for improving eGFR.