bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the landscape of Postpartum Depression: a comprehensive review
Authors: Panuciak Kinga , Pawlik Paweł , Trąbka Natalia , Demidowicz Gabriela , Lasek Patryk , Lasota Nina , Smerdzyński Maciej , Ściurka Kinga , Kowalczyk Klaudia , Kozicka Karolina 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose:
The joyous occasion of childbirth is often overshadowed by the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD), a complex mental health condition affecting mothers globally. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on PPD, exploring its frequency, risk factors, pathogenesis, symptoms, and impact on maternal and child health.
Description of the State of Knowledge:
Recent studies indicate an alarming increase in PPD rates, with notable racial and socioeconomic disparities. Symptoms of PPD, ranging from mild to severe include mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, and self-harm ideation. The repercussions extend beyond the postpartum period, affecting long-term child development, breastfeeding practices, and the mother-infant bond. Advancements in screening tools, particularly the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), have facilitated early detection. However, creating an environment conducive to open communication about mental health remains a significant challenge. Interventions for PPD include psychotherapeutic approaches, pharmacological interventions, and complementary therapies. Brexanolone, the first FDA-approved drug for PPD, represents a significant breakthrough. Community-based and peer support programs, alongside a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals and support networks, have shown promise in alleviating PPD symptoms.
Summary:
In conclusion, PPD remains a substantial public health concern. Increased awareness of its multifaceted nature has led to improved screening, diagnosis, and intervention strategies. Ongoing dialogue, supportive environments, and refined treatments are essential for enhancing the well-being of both mothers and their infants in the postpartum period.
Are GIC sealants as effective as composite sealants in caries prevention?
Authors: Matharu Aavan Kaur , Olegário Isabel Cristina 
Published: February 2024

Fissure sealants (FS) are micro-invasive procedures that have proved to be effective in caries prevention in caries-free, first permanent molars. Within high-caries risk individuals, fissure sealants arrest the caries process in early caries lesions stages. Composite resin (CR) sealants have been recognized as the gold standard FS material; however, new evidence has emerged in relation to GIC sealants in their applicability and longevity. This review provides evidence-based information supporting the effectiveness of GIC sealants in caries prevention in comparison to CR sealants, by assessing their properties, methodology and utility in healthy and anomaly-affected teeth. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article will inform clinicians about the effectiveness of GIC sealants and CR sealants in caries prevention.
Theoretical considerations for root canal re-treatment
Authors: Yeng Thai 
Published: February 2024

When considering performing root canal re-treatment, we must first consider why the original treatment failed. Failure of root canal treatments can occur when ideal technical standards for control of the root canal infection are not achieved. Sometimes, extra-radicular infection may prevent a successful treatment outcome. Teeth with post-treatment peri-apical infection can be managed by either non-surgical or surgical root canal re-treatment, both of which aim to restore health to the peri-apical tissues and prolong the survival of the tooth in the oral cavity. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Examples of different clinical circumstances that were considered for root canal re-treatment are presented.
Incidental finding of a horizontal root fracture when considering a tooth for root canal treatment
Authors: Amin Nadine , Qualtrough Alison 
Published: February 2024

A 44-year-old female patient was referred to the restorative department at Manchester University Dental Hospital for root canal treatment of the maxillary right lateral incisor, which appeared to have a sclerosed root canal. The tooth had a history of trauma when the patient was 6 years old. A cone beam computed tomography scan of the tooth revealed an incidental finding of a transverse root fracture that was otherwise not visible on the peri-apical radiograph. This highlights the diagnostic challenge of peri-apical radiographs and emphasizes the value of three-dimensional imaging in endodontics. It also highlights the importance of timely referral and management of traumatic dental injuries to reduce the risk of complications in the future. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report emphasizes the value of three-dimensional imaging in diagnosis.
A technique for easy removal of excess resin cement
Authors: Farga-Niñoles Ignacio , Teris Mihaela 
Published: February 2024

In the context of cementing indirect dental restorations, the inadvertent bonding of excess cement to adjacent teeth poses a multifaceted challenge, affecting aesthetics, periodontal health and chair time. Using PTFE tape as the sole method for isolation can be time consuming, and occasionally presents challenges. The approach described in this Technique Tip involves manually holding a matrix holder to safeguard neighbouring teeth from sandblasting and etching contamination, providing a pragmatic resolution to these issues. It seamlessly integrates with the established practice of using PTFE tapes to prevent unwanted bonding and cement attachment to adjacent teeth. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Combining PTFE and matrix bands optimises bonding of indirect ceramic restorations for periodontal health and efficiency.
Is ChatGPT a trusted source of information for total hip and knee arthroplasty patients?
Authors: Wright Benjamin M. , Bodnar Michael S. , Moore Andrew D. , Maseda Meghan C. , Kucharik Michael P. , Diaz Connor C. , Schmidt Christian M. , Mir Hassan R. 
Published: February 2024

AimsWhile internet search engines have been the primary information source for patients’ questions, artificial intelligence large language models like ChatGPT are trending towards becoming the new primary source. The purpose of this study was to determine if ChatGPT can answer patient questions about total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) with consistent accuracy, comprehensiveness, and easy readability.MethodsWe posed the 20 most Google-searched questions about THA and TKA, plus ten additional postoperative questions, to ChatGPT. Each question was asked twice to evaluate for consistency in quality. Following each response, we responded with, “Please explain so it is easier to understand,” to evaluate ChatGPT’s ability to reduce response reading grade level, measured as Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Five resident physicians rated the 120 responses on 1 to 5 accuracy and comprehensiveness scales. Additionally, they answered a “yes” or “no” question regarding acceptability. Mean scores were calculated for each question, and responses were deemed acceptable if ≥ four raters answered “yes.”ResultsThe mean accuracy and comprehensiveness scores were 4.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.19 to 4.33) and 3.79 (95% CI 3.69 to 3.89), respectively. Out of all the responses, 59.2% (71/120; 95% CI 50.0% to 67.7%) were acceptable. ChatGPT was consistent when asked the same question twice, giving no significant difference in accuracy (t = 0.821; p = 0.415), comprehensiveness (t = 1.387; p = 0.171), acceptability (χ2 = 1.832; p = 0.176), and FKGL (t = 0.264; p = 0.793). There was a significantly lower FKGL (t = 2.204; p = 0.029) for easier responses (11.14; 95% CI 10.57 to 11.71) than original responses (12.15; 95% CI 11.45 to 12.85).ConclusionChatGPT answered THA and TKA patient questions with accuracy comparable to previous reports of websites, with adequate comprehensiveness, but with limited acceptability as the sole information source. ChatGPT has potential for answering patient questions about THA and TKA, but needs improvement.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(2):139–146.
Mobilizing faith-based COVID-19 health ambassadors to address COVID-19 health disparities among African American older adults in under-resourced communities: A hybrid, community-based participatory intervention
Authors: Adinkrah Edward K. , Bazargan Shahrzad , Cobb Sharon , Kibe Lucy W. , Vargas Roberto , Waller Joe , Sanchez Humberto , Bazargan Mohsen 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected older adults, particularly those with pre-existing chronic health conditions. To address the health disparity and challenges faced by under-resourced African American older adults in South Los Angeles during this period, we implemented a hybrid (virtual/in-person), pre-post, community-based participatory intervention research project utilizing a faith-based lay health advisor model (COVID-19 Health Ambassador Program (CHAP)). We recruited COVID-19 Health Ambassadors (CHAs) and African American older adults (participants) from faith-based organizations who partook in CHA-led meetings and follow-ups that educated and supported the participants. This paper seeks to evaluate this intervention’s implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a reporting tool with an emphasis on fidelity, challenges, and adaptations based on data collected via stakeholder interviews and surveys.

Results
CHAP was delivered to 152 participants by 19 CHAs from 17 faith-based organizations. CHAs assisted with chronic disease management, resolved medication-related challenges, encouraged COVID-19 vaccination, reduced psychological stress and addressed healthcare avoidance behaviors such as COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the participants. Challenges encountered include ensuring participant engagement and retention in the virtual format and addressing technological barriers for CHAs and participants. Adaptations made to better suit the needs of participants included providing communication tools and additional training to CHAs to improve their proficiency in using virtual platforms in addition to adapting scientific/educational materials to suit our participants’ diverse cultural and linguistic needs.

Conclusion
The community-centered hybrid approach in addition to our partnership with faith-based organizations and their respective COVID-19 health ambassadors proved to be essential in assisting underserved African American older adults manage chronic health conditions and address community-wide health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adaptability, cultural sensitivity, and teamwork are key to implementing health interventions especially in underserved populations.
Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Addis Ababa terminals, Ethiopia, 2022: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adal Abebaw Bires , Kassa Rahel Nega , Habte Mekdes Hailegebreal , Jebesa Melkamu Getaneh , Ademe Sewunet , Tiruneh Chalachew Teshome , Andualem Atsedemariam , Aynalem Zewdu Bishaw , Bewket Bekalu 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem that is often unrecognized, and its detection and control should be prioritized. The level of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Ethiopia is unknown.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Addis Ababa bus terminals.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 long-distance bus drivers from December 15, 2021, to January 15 2022 at five cross-country bus terminals in Addis Ababa. A standardized and structured questionnaire was adapted based on the WHO stepwise approach to a non-communicable disease study and translated into Amharic. Data were coded, cleaned, and entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were selected for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Independent variables with a P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The magnitude of association between independent and dependent variables was measured by odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.

Results
In this study, 391 study participants were involved with a response rate of 97.1%. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 22.5% (CI: 18.7%, 26.6%). Poor level of knowledge (AOR: 2.00, CI: 1.08, 3.70), long duration of driving per day (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.37–4.56), habit of chewing of chat (AOR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.44, 4.73), regular alcohol consumption (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI: 1.70, 7.05), overweight (AOR:3.14, 95%CI: 1.54,6.42) obesity (AOR: 3.21, 95% CI 1.35, 7.61) and regular physical exercise (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.29) were statistically significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension.

Conclusion
This study revealed that the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among long-distance bus drivers was 22.5%, which was associated with modifiable behavioral factors, lack of regular physical exercise, lack of adequate awareness and high body mass index.

Recommendation
Stakeholders must implement the necessary preventive measures. These include increasing the level of awareness of hypertension among long-distance drivers and developing prevention of hypertension strategies and policies focusing on lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
A wellbeing program to promote mental health in paediatric burn patients: Study protocol
Authors: Wickens Nicole , McGivern Lisa , de Gouveia Belinelo Patricia , Milroy Helen , Martin Lisa , Wood Fiona , Bullman Indijah , Janse van Rensburg Elmie , Woolard Alix 
Published: February 2024

Background
One of the most traumatic injuries a child can experience is a severe burn. Despite improvements in medical treatments which have led to better physical outcomes and reduced mortality rates for paediatric burns patients, the psychological impact associated with experiencing such a traumatic injury has mostly been overlooked. This is concerning given the high incidence of psychopathology amongst paediatric burn survivors.

Objectives
This project will aim to pilot test and evaluate a co-designed trauma-focused intervention to support resilience and promote positive mental health in children and adolescents who have sustained an acute burn injury. Our first objective is to collect pilot data to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention and to inform the design of future trauma-focussed interventions. Our second objective is to collect pilot data to determine the appropriateness of the developed intervention by investigating the changes in mental health indicators pre- and post-intervention. This will inform the design of future interventions.

Methods
This pilot intervention study will recruit 40 children aged between 6–17 years who have sustained an acute burn injury and their respective caregivers. These participants will have attended the Stan Perron Centre of Excellence for Childhood Burns at Perth Children’s Hospital. Participants will attend a 45-minute weekly or fortnightly session for six weeks that involves building skills around information gathering, managing reactions (behaviours and thoughts), identifying, and bolstering coping skills, problem solving and preventing setbacks. The potential effects and feasibility of our intervention will be assessed through a range of age-appropriate screening measures which will assess social behaviours, personal qualities, mental health and/or resilience. Assessments will be administered at baseline, immediately post-intervention, at 6- and 12-months post-intervention.

Conclusion
The results of this study will lay the foundation for an evidence-based, trauma-informed approach to clinical care for paediatric burn survivors and their families in Western Australia. This will have important implications for the design of future support offered to children with and beyond burn injuries, and other medical trauma populations.
The validity and reliability of school-based fundamental movement skills screening to identify children with motor difficulties
Authors: Eddy Lucy H. , Preston Nick , Boom Shania , Davison Jessica , Brooks Rob , Bingham Daniel D. , Mon-Williams Mark , Hill Liam J. B. 
Published: February 2024

Aim
Assess whether school-based teacher-led screening is effective at identifying children with motor difficulties.

Methods
Teachers tested 217 children aged between 5 and 11 years old, after a one hour training session, using a freely available tool (FUNMOVES). Four classes (n = 91) were scored by both researchers and teachers to evaluate inter-rater reliability. Researchers assessed 22 children using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2; considered to be the ‘gold standard’ in Europe for use as part of the diagnostic process for Developmental Coordination Disorder) to assess concurrent and predictive validity.

Results
Inter-rater reliability for all individual activities within FUNMOVES ranged from 0.85–0.97 (unweighted Kappa; with 95%CI ranging from 0.77–1). For total score this was lower (κ = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.68–0.84), however when incorporating linear weighting, this improved (κ = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.89–0.99). When evaluating FUNMOVES total score against the MABC-2 total score, the specificity (1, 95%CI = 0.63–1) and positive predictive value (1; 95%CI = 0.68–1) of FUNMOVES were high, whereas sensitivity (0.57, 95%CI = 0.29–0.82) and negative predictive values (0.57, 95%CI = 0.42–0.71) were moderate. Evaluating only MABC-2 subscales which are directly related to fundamental movement skills (Aiming & Catching, and Balance) improved these values to 0.89 (95%CI = 0.52–1) and 0.93 (95%CI = 0.67–0.99) respectively.

Interpretation
Teacher-led screening of fundamental movement skills (via FUNMOVES) is an effective method of identifying children with motor difficulties. Such universal screening in schools has the potential to identify movement difficulties and enable earlier intervention than the current norm.
Perspectives of patients who inject drugs on a needle and syringe program at a large acute care hospital
Authors: Brooks Hannah L. , Speed Kelsey A. , Dong Kathryn , Salvalaggio Ginetta , Pauly Bernadette (Bernie) , Taylor Marliss , Hyshka Elaine 
Published: February 2024

Background
People who inject drugs in North America often continue to inject while hospitalized, and are at increased risk of premature hospital discharge, unplanned readmission, and death. In-hospital access to sterile injection supplies may reduce some harms associated with ongoing injection drug use. However, access to needle and syringe programs in acute care settings is limited. We explored the implementation of a needle and syringe program integrated into a large urban tertiary hospital in Western Canada. The needle and syringe program was administered by an addiction medicine consult team that offers patients access to specialized clinical care and connection to community services.

Methods
We utilized a focused ethnographic design and semi-structured interviews to elicit experiences and potential improvements from 25 hospitalized people who inject drugs who were offered supplies from the needle and syringe program.

Results
Participants were motivated to accept supplies to prevent injection-related harms and access to supplies was facilitated by trust in consult team staff. However, fears of negative repercussions from non-consult team staff, including premature discharge or undesired changes to medication regimes, caused some participants to hesitate or refuse to accept supplies. Participants described modifications to hospital policies regarding inpatient drug use or access to an inpatient supervised consumption service as potential ways to mitigate patients’ fears.

Conclusions
Acute care needle and syringe programs may aid hospital providers in reducing harms and improving hospital outcomes for people who inject drugs. However, modifications to hospital policies and settings may be necessary.
Personality traits and high cigarette dependence among university students: Insights from Lebanon
Authors: Bou-Hamad Imad , Hoteit Jaafar , Yehya Nadine , Ghandour Lilian 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe use of tobacco and cigarette products remains widespread globally, with varying patterns across countries. Understanding the factors influencing cigarette dependence among young adults is crucial for effective smoking prevention and control programs. Personality traits are one of the factors that influence smoking behaviour, yet the evidence on their role in high cigarette dependence among young adults remains inconclusive. This study aims to provide insights and initial evidence on the potential association between personality dimensions, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students.MethodsA convenient sample of 212 student smokers from one private and one public university in Lebanon participated in an online survey. The survey included measures of personality traits using the Big-Five framework, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD). Logistic regression models and mediation analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results revealed significant associations between personality dimensions and high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. Smokers with higher levels of Openness to Experience were more likely to have high cigarette dependence (β = 0.408, p < = 0.015). Conversely, smokers with higher levels of Conscientiousness (β = -0.500, p < 0.001) and Agreeableness (β = -0.491, p < 0.01) were less likely to have high cigarette dependence. Additionally, attending a public university (β = 1.198, p = 0.018), having more close friends who smoke (β = 0.525, p < 0.01), and switching to a cheaper cigarette brand (β = 0.928, p < 0.05) were associated with a higher cigarette dependence.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of considering personality dimensions, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle habits in understanding high cigarette dependence among Lebanese university students. The results can inform the development of targeted interventions to address high cigarette dependence in this population.