bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the disposition of levofloxacin, netilmicin and cefepime in the isolated rat lung
Authors: Martínez María Santos Martínez , Gandarillas Clara Isabel Colino , Lanao José Martínez , Navarro Amparo Sánchez 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
An experimental model of artificially perfused and mechanically ventilated lung has been applied to compare the kinetic behaviour of levofloxacin, cefepime and netilmicin in this body tissue. The study has been performed to explore the usefulness of the isolated lung technique in the pharmacokinetic field, particularly to study the disposition of antibiotics in pulmonary tissue. The lung was perfused with Krebs-Henseleit medium containing 3% bovine albumin at a flow rate of 5 mL min−1. It was ventilated at 60 respirations/min with a 2-mL tidal volume of air previously humidified and warmed to 37°C. The concentrations of the above antibiotics were determined by HPLC techniques and the outflow curves were analysed by stochastic, as well as by model-dependent, methods. The results show pharmacokinetic differences among these antibiotics, which are in accordance with previously reported data, levofloxacin being the drug with the highest distribution coefficient in this tissue (1.25 ± 0.14 vs 0.39 ± 0.07 and 0.41 ± 0.06 mL g−1 for netilmicin and cefepime, respectively). Accordingly, the isolated lung of the rat, under the experimental conditions used here, constitutes an alternative model to be incorporated to pharmacokinetic studies with a great potential use for those drugs that show a pharmacological or toxicological action depending on the kinetic profile in the lung tissue.
Ordovician echinoderms from the Tabas and Damghan regions, Iran: palaeobiogeographical implications
Authors: Lefebvre Bertrand , Ghobadipour Mansooreh , Nardin Elise 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Two echinoderm assemblages are described in the Middle Ordovician of Iran (Darriwilian). The Simeh Kuh section (Damghan area, eastern Alborz range) has yielded a rich and diverse blastozoan fauna consisting of fistuliporite (Echinosphaerites, Heliocrinites) and dichoporite rhombiferans (cheirocrinids indet., hemicosmitids indet.), as well as aristocystitid (Sinocystis) and sphaeronitid diploporites (Glyptosphaerites, Tholocystis). Heliocrinites, cheirocrinids, hemicosmitids, Glyptosphaerites, and Tholocystis are reported for the first time in the Ordovician of Iran. A less diverse assemblage was collected in the Shirgesht section (Tabas area, Derenjal Mountains), and represents the first report of Ordovician echinoderms in east-central Iran. The Shirgesht fauna includes fistuliporite rhombiferans (Heliocrinites), aristocystitid and sphaeronitid diploporites. The new Iranian material documents some of the earliest known assemblages of diploporites and rhombiferans, and thus, brings important information on the radiation of these two major blastozoan classes. The two Iranian echinoderm faunas show relatively strong affinities with contemporary faunas from Baltica, the northern Gondwanan margin (e.g. Bohemia, Morocco), Sibumasu, and South China terranes. Aristocystitids suggest stronger links between Iran, and regions from the “Province à Amphorides” (northern Gondwanan margin, Sibumasu, South China). These observations support a palaeogeographical position of Iran at intermediate palaeolatitudes during the early Middle Ordovician, in the periphery of the northeastern Gondwanan margin.
A giant brachyopoid temnospondyl from the Upper Triassic or Lower Jurassic of Lesotho
Authors: Steyer J. Sébastien , Damiani Ross 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
A jaw fragment of a giant temnospondyl from the Upper Triassic or Lower Jurassic of Lesotho (southern Africa), initially regarded as a Triassic mastodonsaurid because of its size, is redescribed in detail and considered to be a member of the Brachyopoidea (Brachyopidae + Chigutisauridae sensu Warren and Marsicano [2000]) based on its dental morphology, presence of a well-developed ectopterygoid tusk, and the concavity of the ventral margin of the skull in lateral view. Recognition of the specimen as a brachyopid, rather than as a chigutisaurid, is of palaeobiogeographical significance in representing one of the youngest known brachyopids from Gondwana. The Lesotho specimen is also of palaeobiological interest in that an estimate of its overall size indicates that it represents one of the largest amphibians sensu lato ever known.
U-Th vs. AMS 14C dating of shells from the Achenheim loess (Rhine Graben)
Authors: Innocent Christophe , Flehoc Christine , Lemeille Francis 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Shells extracted from loess deposits at Achenheim (Rhine Graben) have been investigated for AMS 14C and for U-Th dating by the isochron method on single shells. The two chronometers provide results that are not in agreement : the obtained 14C date is 38 ka B.P. In contrast, U-Th results provide much older ages. The 238U/232Th –230Th/232Th isochron diagram gives an age of 69 kyr, whereas a slightly younger age of 64 kyr is derived from the other, 234U/232Th – 230Th/232Th, diagram. 234U/238U ratios have not been found to vary from a shell to another : the average value is 1.199, slightly higher than radioactive equilibrium. For both isochrons, the Y-axis intercept is slightly negative, which indicates that there is no evidence for a significant detrital component. Thorium 232 that is present in the shells is probably incorporated in the material. The negative intercepts suggest that the two ages have been probably “aged” resulting from a slight mobilisation of uranium. By constraining the Y-axis intercepts at 0, ages that are in good agreement from one to another, can be calculated at 60.9 kyr and 60.4 kyr, respectively. In both cases, the statistical quality of the alignment is only slightly deteriorated.
Since U-Th ages are in agreement with stratigraphic data, in contrast to the 14C date, one may believe that they date the end of early diagenesis, with uranium trapping. In contrast, the AMS 14C date is either thought to reflect analytical limitations of AMS 14C dating for such type of material, or to date a younger geologic event. In this latter case, a possible hypothesis is that this event has triggered the slight opening of the 238U – 234U system.
In any case, this study demonstrates once again that surface formations often tell such complex stories that only one single dating method cannot usually be sufficient to describe precisely these histories. Instead, informations derived from different independent chronometers have to be compared.
Paleoenvironments, paleoclimates and sequences of Westphalian deposits of Lorraine coal basin (Upper Carboniferous, NE France)
Authors: Izart Alain , Palain Christian , Malartre Fabrice , Fleck Stéphanie , Michels Raymond 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Facies and sequences of the Westphalian C are identified in cores and well logs of three boreholes and three seismic lines supplied by Conoco-Phillips from the Lorraine coal Basin. The lithofacies associations suggest various paleoenvironments and sequences during the Westphalian C. Decameter-thick sedimentary bodies display alluvial fan deposits in the northwestern border of the basin (Chaumont borehole). Decametric sedimentary bodies constituted either of conglomeratic and sandy facies with cylindrical shape in well logs represent braided river deposits, or alternations of fining and coarsening upward sequences with sandy, silty and clayey facies with bell and funnel shapes in well log correspond to meander river and lacustrine deltaic deposits in the Saulcy and Lorettes boreholes. Three fining upward third order sequences in the center of the basin in the Lorettes and Saulcy boreholes represent a period 1 with braided river deposits, a period 2 with flood plain, lake and meandering river deposits and a period 3 with anastomosed or meandering river deposits.
Period 1 is correlated with a subsidence period in the basin and uplift of the borders, period 2 with the maximum fresh water flooding period with flood plain or lake deposits and period 3 with the filling period.
The seismic profiles of Conoco-Phillips confirm the tectonic structures described by previous authors in Lorraine Basin. We agree that this basin was a strike-slip basin as demonstrated by previous authors with depocenters near the South Hunsrück and Metz faults from the Westphalian to the Permian. Biomarkers show that paleoclimate changes (wet/dry) of weak amplitude in the equatorial climate could also modify the sedimentation of this basin and act on sequences of second order.
Models of the Measurement Process
Authors: Mari Luca P. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The epistemic requirement that measurement be an objective and intersubjective evaluation is empirically fulfilled by adopting measuring systems that include selective and repeatable sensors and traceable standards; any measurement is then performed as a (direct or indirect) comparison to a chosen standard.
From the instrument output, the measurement result has to be inferred by means of a process based on the information gathered from the instrument calibration and a measurement system model. Such a process is only plausible in its results, that must be expressed specifying both a measurand value and its estimated uncertainty.
Enterprise‐wide optimization: A new frontier in process systems engineering
Authors: Grossmann Ignacio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEnterprise‐wide optimization (EWO) is a new emerging area that lies at the interface of chemical engineering and operations research, and has become a major goal in the process industries due to the increasing pressures for remaining competitive in the global marketplace. EWO involves optimizing the operations of supply, manufacturing and distribution activities of a company to reduce costs and inventories. A major focus in EWO is the optimal operation of manufacturing facilities, which often requires the use of nonlinear process models. Major operational items include planning, scheduling, real‐time optimization and inventory control. One of the key features of EWO is integration of the information and the decision‐making among the various functions that comprise the supply chain of the company. This can be achieved with modern IT tools, which together with the internet, have promoted e‐commerce. However, as will be discussed, to fully realize the potential of transactional IT tools, the development of sophisticated deterministic and stochastic linear/nonlinear optimization models and algorithms (analytical IT tools) is needed to explore and analyze alternatives of the supply chain to yield overall optimum economic performance, as well as high levels of customer satisfaction. An additional challenge is the integrated and coordinated decision‐making across the various functions in a company (purchasing, manufacturing, distribution, sales), across various geographically distributed organizations (vendors, facilities and markets), and across various levels of decision‐making (strategic, tactical and operational). © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Maternal fumonisin exposure and risk for neural tube defects: Mechanisms in an in vivo mouse model
Authors: Gelineau‐van Waes Janee , Starr Lois , Maddox Joyce , Aleman Francisco , Voss Kenneth A. , Wilberding Justin , Riley Ronald T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDFumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, a common contaminant of corn worldwide. FB1 disrupts sphingolipid biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzyme ceramide synthase, resulting in an elevation of free sphingoid bases and depletion of downstream glycosphingolipids. A relationship between maternal ingestion of FB1‐contaminated corn during early pregnancy and increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) has recently been proposed in human populations around the world where corn is a dietary staple. The current studies provide an in vivo mouse model of FB1 teratogenicity.METHODSPregnant LM/Bc mice were injected with increasing doses of FB1 on GD 7.5 and 8.5, and exposed fetuses were examined for malformations. Sphingolipid profiles and 3H‐folate concentrations were measured in maternal and fetal tissues. Immunohistochemical expression of the GPI‐anchored folate receptor (Folbp1) and its association with the lipid raft component, ganglioside GM1, were characterized. Rescue experiments were performed with maternal folate supplementation or administration of gangliosides.RESULTSMaternal FB1 administration (20 mg/kg of body weight) during early gestation resulted in 79% NTDs in exposed fetuses. Sphingolipid profiles were significantly altered in maternal and embryonic tissues following exposure, and 3H‐folate levels and immunohistochemical expression of Folbp1 were reduced. Maternal folate supplementation partially rescued the NTD phenotype, whereas GM1 significantly restored folate concentrations and afforded almost complete protection against FB1‐induced NTDs.CONCLUSIONSMaternal FB1 exposure altered sphingolipid metabolism and folate concentrations in LM/Bc mice, resulting in a dose‐dependent increase in NTDs that could be prevented when adequate folate levels were maintained. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apo‐E Genotypes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Sensitivity Study Using Cross‐validatory Criteria
Authors: Glickman Mark E. , Kao Mei‐Fang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Apolipoprotein‐E (Apo‐E) gene, a gene that produces proteins which help to regulate lipid levels in the bloodstream, is of interest in the study of cardiovascular diseases. An approach to making inferences about the genetic effects of the Apo‐E gene has been developed by Glickman and Gagnon (2002). The framework describes the role of genetic and risk factors on the onset ages of multiple diseases, and accounts for the possibility that an individual was censored for reasons related to the diseases of interest. The framework also allows for missing genetic information, so that subjects censored prior to genetic sampling, and therefore missing such information, may still be included in the analysis. We apply an extension to this framework to the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study for measuring the effects of different Apo‐E genotypes on the onset age of various cardiovascular disease events. In particular, we compare the fit of univariate versus multivariate onset age components to the model, whether to incorporate health covariates measured at baseline or at a point later in the study, and whether to assume a heritability model for Apo‐E genotype frequencies. The results of the best fitting model are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Youden Index and the Optimal Cut‐Point Corrected for Measurement Error
Authors: Perkins Neil J. , Schisterman Enrique F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRandom measurement error can attenuate a biomarker's ability to discriminate between diseased and non‐diseased populations. A global measure of biomarker effectiveness is the Youden index, the maximum difference between sensitivity, the probability of correctly classifying diseased individuals, and 1‐specificity, the probability of incorrectly classifying health individuals. We present an approach for estimating the Youden index and associated optimal cut‐point for a normally distributed biomarker that corrects for normally distributed random measurement error. We also provide confidence intervals for these corrected estimates using the delta method and coverage probability through simulation over a variety of situations. Applying these techniques to the biomarker thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS), a measure of sub‐products of lipid peroxidation that has been proposed as a discriminating measurement for cardiovascular disease, yields a 50% increase in diagnostic effectiveness at the optimal cut‐point. This result may lead to biomarkers that were once naively considered ineffective becoming useful diagnostic devices. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Five‐ and Seven‐Membered Rings by [2+2+1], [3+2], [3+2+2], and [4+3] Carbocyclization Reactions of β‐Substituted (Alkenyl)(methoxy)carbene Complexes with Methyl Ketone Lithium Enolates
Authors: Barluenga José , Alonso Jorge , Fañanás Francisco J. 
Published: June 2005

Abstractβ‐Substituted alkenylcarbene complexes react with methyl ketone lithium enolates to give different carbocyclization products depending on the structure of the lithium enolate, on the metal of the carbene complex, and on the reaction media. Thus, the reactions of aryl and alkyl methyl ketone lithium enolates with β‐substituted alkenyl chromium and tungsten carbene complexes in diethyl ether afford 1,3‐cyclopentanediol derivatives derived from a formal [2+2+1] carbocyclization reaction. However, the lithium enolates of acetone and tungsten complexes furnish formal [3+2+2] carbocyclization products. In the case of alkynyl methyl ketone lithium enolates, competitive formal [2+2+1] and [3+2] carbocyclization reactions occur and 1,3‐cyclopentanediol and 3‐cyclopentenol derivatives are formed. Conversely, alkenyl methyl ketone lithium enolates react with alkenylcarbene complexes under the same reaction conditions to form 2‐cycloheptenone derivatives by a formal [4+3] carbocyclization reaction. Finally, when the reaction was performed in the presence of a coordinating medium, the [3+2] carbocyclization pattern was observed independently of the nature of the methyl ketone lithium enolate used.
Methylene‐Azaphosphirane as a Reactive Intermediate
Authors: Slootweg J. Chris , Vlaar Mark J. M. , Vugts Danielle J. , Eichelsheim Tanja , Merhai Winita , de Kanter Frans J. J. , Schakel Marius , Ehlers Andreas W. , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: June 2005

AbstractReaction of the transient phosphinidene complexes R‐PW(CO)5 with N‐substituted‐diphenylketenimines leads unexpectedly to the novel 2‐aminophosphindoles, as confirmed by an X‐ray crystal structure determined for one of the derivatives. Experimental evidence for a methylene‐azaphosphirane intermediate was found by using the iron‐complexed phosphinidene iPr2N‐PFe(CO)4, which affords the 2‐aminophosphindole together with the novel methylene‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[1,3]azaphosphole. Analysis of the reaction pathways with DFT indicates that the initially formed methylene‐azaphosphirane yields both phosphorus heterocycles by way of a [1,5]‐ or [1,3]‐sigmatropic shift, respectively, followed by a H‐shift. Strain underlies both rearrangements, which causes these remarkably selective conversions that can be tuned by changing the substituents.
Density Functional Method Studies of XH (XC, N, O, Si, P, S) Bond Dissociation Energies
Authors: Yao Fu , Xiao‐Yu Dong , Yi‐Min Wang , Lei Liu , Qing‐Xiang Guo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe performances of the density functional theory (DFT) methods in calculating XH bond dissociation energies (BDE, XC, N, O, Si, P, S) were evaluated. It was found that most DFT methods including B3LYP, B3PW91, G96LYP, PBE1PBE and BH&HLYP significantly underestimated the XH BDE by as much as 13–24 kJ/mol. The underestimation is not due to the use of finite basis set, because the DFT methods still significantly underestimate the XH BDE with the complete basis set. Therefore, these DFT methods can not be used to calculate the BDE directly. Nevertheless, the B3P86 method shows very small underestimation for the XH BDE. Further analysis suggests that there be no advantage for using the restricted open‐shell DFT methods. The unrestricted DFT methods actually perform slightly better than the restricted open‐shell DFT methods in most cases. Finally, it was found that the underestimation by the DFT methods was largely systematic. The use of the calibrated UDFT/6‐311++G(d, p) method was recommended to calculate the XH BDE.
Theoretical Study on the Coupling Mode of BrOH2O and HOBrH2O Complexes
Authors: Qiao Sun , Zhen Li , Xiao‐Qing Zeng , Mao‐Fa Ge , Dian‐Xu Wang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe structural properties of two BrOH2O (1 and 2) and three HOBrH2O complexes (3, 4 and 5) have been investigated using four methods at the 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set level. In the two BrOH2O complexes, the complex 2 with 2A′ state, in which the interaction exists between Br atom of BrO and O atom of water, has a binding energies of about 11.37–13.92 J/mol and it is global minimum. As to HOBrH2O complexes, the binding energies of 3 and 4 are about 16.30–21.32 J/mol and the stability order of the three HOBrH2O complexes is: complex 3≈︁complex 4>complex 5.
Standard Molar Enthalpy of Formation of RE(C5H8NS2)3(o‐phen)
Authors: Xiang‐Xin Meng , Sheng‐Li Gao , San‐Ping Chen , Xu‐Wu Yang , Gang Xie , Qi‐Zhen Shi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFive solid ternary complexes of RE(C5H8NS2)3(o‐phen) (RE=Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) have been synthesized in absolute ethanol by rare earth chloride low hydrate reacting with the mixed ligands of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) and 1,10‐phenanthroline·H2O (o‐phen·H2O) in the ordinary laboratory atmosphere without any cautions against moisture or air. IR spectra of the complexes showed that the RE3+ coordinated with six sulfur atoms of three PDC‐ and two nitrogen atoms of o‐phen·H2O. It was assumed that the coordination number of RE3+ was eight. The constant‐volume combustion energies of the complexes, ΔcU, were determined as (−16788.46±7.74), (−15434.53±8.28), (−15287.80±7.31), (−15200.50±7.22) and (−15254.34±6.61) kJ·mol‐1, respectively, by a precise rotating‐bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard molar enthalpies of combustion, Δc$ H^{\Theta}_{m} $, and standard molar enthalpies of formation, Δf$ H^{\Theta}_{m} $, were calculated as (−16803.95±7.74), (−15450.02±8.28), (−15303.29±9.28), (−15215.99±7.22), (−15269.83±6.61) kJ·mol‐1 and (−1115.42±8.94), (−2477.80±9.15), (−2619.95±10.44), (−2670.17±8.22), (−2650.06±8.49) kJ·mol‐1, respectively.
Study on the Interaction between Antitumor Drug Daunomycin and DNA
Authors: Gui‐Fang Cheng , Jie Zhao , Yong‐Hua Tu , Pin‐Gang He , Yu‐Zhi Fang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA detection of anthracycline antitumor drug daunomycin (DNR) reacting with DNA in simulate metabolismin vitro has been made. It was found that DNR could react with DNA to form DNR‐DNA adducts. The adduct compositions of DNR with fish sperm DNA and thermally denaturated DNA were determined. The equilibrium association constant K of DNR with fish sperm DNA is 1.98×105 L/mol and that of DNR with denaturated DNA is 2.29×104 L/mol. Semiquinone free radicals, metabolic products of DNR, can destroy both fish sperm DNA and its thermally denaturated DNA. It is verified by hyperchromic effect increase observed in UV spectrum and AFM experiments. The mechanism of DNA degradation has also been investigated. Results obtained allow one to explain the reason of side effect of anthracycline drug and give the way to depress, which were of clinical significance.
An in vitro Study on Transition from NO‐Hemoglobin to Methemoglobin: Oxygen Effect
Authors: Jiong Ma , Yan Cen , Ji‐Yao Chen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe nitrosyl‐hemoglobin (HbNO) is the carrier of nitric oxide (NO) which is the important messenger molecule displaying multiple physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. However it is still not clear for the fate of HbNO molecules during the venous‐arterial transit. In this letter, the HbNO transition in vitro was studied by using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. It was found that HbNO molecules were stable when oxygen did not exist in the system but not stable in aerobic conditions. The absorption spectra further revealed that the methemoglobin (metHb) was the product of HbNO in aerobic environment, showing that the HbNO changed to metHb when there were enough oxygen molecules in the system.