bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soliton solutions of time-fractional modified Korteweg-de-Vries Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation and modulation instability analysis
Authors: Onder Ismail , Secer Aydin , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we explore analytical solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional time-fractional modified Korteweg–de Vries Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation, which incorporates a conformable derivative. Our interest in this model is driven by its significant role in simulating ion-acoustic waves in magnetized plasma. We adopt the unified Riccati equation expansion method and the new Kudrashov method to discover soliton solutions. Our approach uncovers various soliton types, such as kink, singular, periodic-singular, and bright solitons. We conduct a thorough analysis of how different parameters affect wave propagation, enhancing our study with descriptive figures and insightful observations. Furthermore, we delve into the modulation instability characteristic of this model. The influence of specific parameters, like wave number and the order of the conformable derivative, on wave dynamics is demonstrated through detailed visualizations. We also present 2D and 3D graphical representations of these solutions.
Metallic few-layered 1T-VS2 nanosheets for enhanced sodium storage
Authors: Wu Liang , Wang Peng , Zhai Xingwu , Wang Hang , Zhan Wenqi , Tang Xinfeng , Li Qianwen , Zhou Min 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Metallic few-layered 1T phase vanadium disulfide nanosheets have been employed for boosting sodium ion batteries. It can deliver a capacity of 241 mAh∙g−1 at 100 mA∙g−1 after 200 cycles. Such long-term stability is attributed to the facile ion diffusion and electron transport resulting from the well-designed two-dimensional (2D) electron-electron correlations among V atoms in the 1T phase and optimized in-planar electric transport. Our results highlight the phase engineering into electrode design for energy storage.
First data and preliminary experimental results from a new Doppler backscattering system on the MAST-U spherical tokamak
Authors: Shi P. , Scannell R. , Wen J. , Shi Z.B. , Michael C. , Rhodes T. , Hall-Chen V.H. , Yang Z.C. , Jiang M. , Zhong W.L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A new Doppler backscattering (DBS) system, consisting of Q-band and V-band, has been installed and achieved its first data on the MAST-U spherical tokamak. The Q-band and V-band have separate microwave source systems, but share the same optical front-end components. The Q-band and V-band sources simultaneously generate eight (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48 GHz) and seven (52.5, 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, 65 and 67.5 GHz) fixed frequency probe beams, respectively. These frequencies provide a large range of radial positions from the low-field-side edge plasma to the core, and possibly to the high-field-side edge, depending on the plasma conditions. The quasi-optical system consists of a remotely-tunable polarizer, a focusing lens and a remotely-steerable mirror. By steering the mirror, the system provides remote control of the probed density fluctuation wavenumber, and allow the launch angle to match the magnetic field. The range of accessible turbulence wavenumbers (kθ
) is reasonably large with normalized wavenumber kθρs
ranging from <0.5 to 9. The first data acquired by this DBS system is validated by comparing with the data from the other DBS system on MAST-U (introduced in ref. [21]). An example of measuring the velocity profile spanning from the edge to the center in a high-density plasma is presented, indicating the robust capabilities of the integrated Q-band and V-band DBS systems.
The SIDDHARTA-2 Veto-2 system for X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms at DAΦNE
Authors: Tüchler M. , Amsler C. , Bazzi M. , Bosnar D. , Bragadireanu M. , Cargnelli M. , Carminati M. , Clozza A. , Deda G. , Del Grande R. , De Paolis L. , Dulski K. , Fabbietti L. , Fiorini C. , Friščić I. , Guaraldo C. , Iliescu M. , Iwasaki M. , Khreptak A. , Manti S. , Marton J. , Miliucci M. , Moskal P. , Napolitano F. , Niedźwiecki S. , Ohnishi H. , Piscicchia K. , Sada Y. , Scordo A. , Sgaramella F. , Shi H. , Silarski M. , Sirghi D. , Sirghi F. , Skurzok M. , Spallone A. , Toho K. , Vazquez Doce O. , Widmann E. , Yoshida C. , Zmeskal J. , Curceanu C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Veto-2 is a fundamental component of a multiple-stage
veto system for the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment installed at the
DAΦNE collider at INFN-LNF in Italy. It was developed to
improve the signal-to-background ratio for the challenging
measurement of X-ray transitions to the fundamental level in kaonic
deuterium. Its purpose is the suppression of hadronic background in
the form of Minimum Ionizing Particles by using the topological
correlation between signals in the X-ray and Veto-2 detectors. The
Veto-2 system consists of a barrel of plastic scintillators read out
by Silicon Photomultipliers. The system performed its first
successful test run within the apparatus with a helium-4 target in
2022. The efficiency of the Veto-2 was determined and found to be
0.62 ± 0.01. The Veto-2 improved the signal-to-background ratio
for the kaonic helium-4 Lα measurement by ∼ 16%,
which is crucial due to the low expected X-ray yield of kaonic
deuterium.
The intelligent Photomultiplier Tubes for OSIRIS
Authors: Gao Feng , Kuhlbusch Tim , Stahl Achim , Steinmann Jochen , Vollbrecht Cornelius , Wysotzki Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dimensions of liquid scintillator neutrino detectors
have grown over the years. Thus, the analog cable length required
for the readout increases. In consequence, the signal loss
increases as well. With the intelligent Photomultiplier Tube this
problem can be solved. The digitiser is moved as close as possible
to the Photomultiplier Tube. This concept allows nearly lossless
digitisation of the analog signal. Furthermore, a computing unit
next to the analog-to-digital converter enables implementation of
on-the-fly data processing and control algorithms. This paper
presents the detailed concept and the performance of the intelligent
Photomultiplier Tube.
The periodic N breather anomalous wave solution of the Davey–Stewartson equations; first appearance, recurrence, and blow up properties
Authors: Coppini F , Grinevich P G , Santini P M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The integrable focusing Davey–Stewartson (DS) equations, multidimensional generalizations of the focusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, provide ideal mathematical models for describing analytically the dynamics of

2
+
1

dimensional anomalous (rogue) waves (AWs). In this paper (i) we construct the N-breather AW solution of Akhmediev type of the DS1 and DS2 equations, describing the nonlinear interaction of N unstable modes over the constant background solution. (ii) For the simplest multidimensional solution of DS2 we construct its limiting subcases, and we identify the constraint on its arbitrary parameters giving rise to blow up at finite time. (iii) We use matched asymptotic expansions to describe the relevance of the constructed AW solutions in the spatially doubly periodic Cauchy problem of DS2 for small initial perturbations of the background, in the case of one and two unstable modes. We also show, in the case of two unstable modes, that (i) no blow up takes place generically, although the AW amplitude can be arbitrarily large; (ii) the excellent agreement of our formulas, expressed in terms of elementary functions of the initial data, with numerical experiments.
Preservation of exhaled breath samples for analysis by off-line SESI-HRMS: proof-of-concept study
Authors: Sola-Martínez Rosa A , Zeng Jiafa , Awchi Mo , Gisler Amanda , Arnold Kim , Singh Kapil Dev , Frey Urs , Díaz Manuel Cánovas , de Diego Puente Teresa , Sinues Pablo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is an established technique in the field of breath analysis characterized by its short analysis time, as well as high levels of sensitivity and selectivity. Traditionally, SESI-HRMS has been used for real-time breath analysis, which requires subjects to be at the location of the analytical platform. Therefore, it limits the possibilities for an introduction of this methodology in day-to-day clinical practice. However, recent methodological developments have shown feasibility on the remote sampling of exhaled breath in Nalophan® bags prior to measurement using SESI-HRMS. To further explore the range of applications of this method, we conducted a proof-of-concept study to assess the impact of the storage time of exhaled breath in Nalophan® bags at different temperatures (room temperature and dry ice) on the relative intensities of the compounds. In addition, we performed a detailed study of the storage effect of 27 aldehydes related to oxidative stress. After 2 h of storage, the mean of intensity of all m/z signals relative to the samples analyzed without prior storage remained above 80% at both room temperature and dry ice. For the 27 aldehydes, the mean relative intensity losses were lower than 20% at 24 h of storage, remaining practically stable since the first hour of storage following sample collection. Furthermore, the mean relative intensity of most aldehydes in samples stored at room temperature was higher than those stored in dry ice, which could be related to water vapor condensation issues. These findings indicate that the exhaled breath samples could be preserved for hours with a low percentage of mean relative intensity loss, thereby allowing more flexibility in the logistics of off-line SESI-HRMS studies.
A new property of the Wallis power function
Authors: Yang Zhen-Hang , Tian Jing-Feng 
Published: November 2023

The Wallis power function is defined on

(
−
min

{
p
,
q
}

,
∞
)

\left ( -\min \left \{ p,q\right \},\infty \right )

by

W

p
,
q

(
x
)

=

(

Γ

(
x
+
p
)

Γ

(
x
+
q
)

)

1

/

(
p
−
q
)

if
p
≠
q
and

W

p
,
p

(
x
)

=

e

ψ

(
x
+
p
)

.

\begin{equation*} W_{p,q}\left ( x\right ) =\left ( \dfrac {\Gamma \left ( x+p\right ) }{\Gamma \left ( x+q\right ) }\right ) ^{1/\left ( p-q\right ) }\text { if }p\neq q\text { and }W_{p,p}\left ( x\right ) =e^{\psi \left ( x+p\right ) }. \end{equation*}

Let

p

i

,

q

i

∈

R

p_{i},q_{i}\in \mathbb {R}

with

0
>

δ

i

=

p

i

−

q

i

≤
1

0>\delta _{i}=p_{i}-q_{i}\leq 1

,

θ

i

=

(
1
−

δ

i

)

/

2

\theta _{i}=\left ( 1-\delta _{i}\right ) /2

for

i
=
1
,
2

i=1,2

and

p

1

+

q

1

=

p

2

+

q

2

=
2
σ
+
1

p_{1}+q_{1}=p_{2}+q_{2}=2\sigma +1

. We prove that, if

q

1

>

q

2

q_{1}>q_{2}

then for any integer

m
∈

N

m\in \mathbb {N}

, the function

x
↦

(
−
1
)

m

[
ln
⁡

W

p

1

,

q

1

(
x
)

W

p

2

,

q

2

(
x
)

−

∑

k
=
1

m

a

2
k

(

θ

1

,

θ

2

)

(
2
k
+
1
)

(
2
k
)

(
x
+
σ
)

2
k

]

\begin{equation*} x\mapsto \left ( -1\right ) ^{m}\left [ \ln \frac {W_{p_{1},q_{1}}\left ( x\right ) }{W_{p_{2},q_{2}}\left ( x\right ) }-\sum _{k=1}^{m}\frac {a_{2k}\left ( \theta _{1},\theta _{2}\right ) }{\left ( 2k+1\right ) \left ( 2k\right ) \left ( x+\sigma \right ) ^{2k}}\right ] \end{equation*}

is completely monotonic on

(
−
σ
,
∞
)

\left ( -\sigma ,\infty \right )

, where

a

2
k

(

θ

1

,

θ

2

)

=

B

2
k
+
1

(

θ

2

)

θ

2

−
1

/

2

−

B

2
k
+
1

(

θ

1

)

θ

1

−
1

/

2

.

\begin{equation*} a_{2k}\left ( \theta _{1},\theta _{2}\right ) =\frac {B_{2k+1}\left ( \theta _{2}\right ) }{\theta _{2}-1/2}-\frac {B_{2k+1}\left ( \theta _{1}\right ) }{\theta _{1}-1/2}. \end{equation*}

This extends and generalizes some known results.
Comparing frailty prevalence between countries: validation of the Global Burden of Disease study Frailty Index (GBD-FI) in the survey of health, ageing and retirement in Europe
Authors: O’Donovan Mark R , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Sezgin Duygu , Liew Aaron , Kabir Zubair , O’Caoimh Rónán 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Accurate comparable prevalence proportions are required to better understand the epidemiology of frailty. Estimates in many countries are missing or incomparable. The Global Burden of Disease Frailty Index (GBD-FI) applies the deficit accumulation model to generate frailty scores from items available in the Global Burden of Disease study.

Objective
To externally validate the GBD-FI.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A 20-item modified GBD-FI was compared with established frailty measures: a 70-item frailty index (FI-70), the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Frailty Phenotype (FP) and SHARE-FI. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were fitted to examine diagnostic accuracy for frailty and predictive validity for 2-year mortality.

Results
In total, 31,624 participants aged ≥50 years from 15 countries were included. Frailty prevalence was 22% using the GBD-FI (ranging from 8% in Switzerland to 41% in Poland). The GBD-FI had good to excellent diagnostic accuracy for frailty, irrespective of approach; the AUC ranged from 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.85–0.87) measuring frailty using the CFS to 0.94 (0.93–0.94) with the FI-70. The GBD-FI had similar accuracy for 2-year mortality (AUC 0.71, 0.69–0.74) compared with the CFS (0.73; P = 0.186), FP (0.73; P = 0.392) and SHARE-FI (0.70; P = 0.255) but lower than the FI-70 (0.76; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The GBD-FI demonstrated concurrent and predictive validity, suggesting it is a valid measure of frailty. It has the potential to be an efficient, replicable and consistent approach to comparing frailty between countries and regions across time using GBD data.
PLAG1 Rearranged Soft Tissue Tumor in an Adult
Authors: Alkayyali T , Hwang H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
PLAG1 rearranged soft tissue tumor is a recently described entity in the pediatric population. Less than 10 cases have been reported identifying PLAG1 gene fusions with various gene partners. This tumor is characterized by spindled cells with low cellularity in fibromyxoid stroma, expressing CD34 and desmin. PLAG1 gene fusions have been identified in various other tumors, including lipoblastoma, salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelial tumors, uterine epithelioid and myxoid leiomyosarcomas, and chondroid syringoma. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a PLAG1 rearranged soft tissue tumor in an adult.

Methods/Case Report
A 32-year-old female with no significant medical history presented with a left thigh mass. MRI showed a 9.8 cm mass involving subcutaneous fat and causing marked sartorius muscle displacement. Resection showed a well-circumscribed, spindle cell tumor of low cellularity in a myxo-collagenous stroma. Bland, elongated, and ovoid-shaped spindled cells with occasional punctate nucleoli were seen. No mitoses or necrosis were identified. The tumor cells expressed CD34 and androgen receptors, partially expressed desmin and estrogen receptors, and focally expressed S100. MUC4 and beta-catenin were negative. Next-generation sequencing performed at Mayo Clinic Labs identified UBC::PLAG1 gene rearrangement.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
To our knowledge, we describe the first case of PLAG1 rearranged soft tissue tumor in an adult. This case is also unique as the fusion partner gene, UBC, was not previously identified. All other cases reported occurred in those four years of age or younger, with one report in a 15-year-old female. Our patient has had less than six months of follow-up with no recurrence. With few cases reported, and relatively short follow-up periods thus far, the behavior of these tumors remains undetermined.
Angiosarcoma with Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells: A Rare Presentation and Review of Literature
Authors: Belogrivtseva Y , Nobee A , Lazim A , Taraif S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Diagnosing angiosarcoma can be challenging, especially in cases with atypical morphology. For the unsuspecting pathologist, some histopathologic features can be misleading, especially when presenting as the predominant component of a tumor or in unusual locations. Herein, we describe an osteoclast-like giant cell-rich angiosarcoma, which initially presented as a groin mass followed by pulmonary metastasis.

Methods/Case Report
A 54-year-old woman presented with a golf ball size mass near her right groin that she noticed 1 year ago. MRI demonstrated a heterogeneous complex mass with solid and cystic components within the right gracilis muscle. Following the diagnosis of poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm on biopsy, the patient underwent wide excision. Histopathologic examination revealed epithelioid to “rhabdoid-like” cells arranged in a fascicular pattern interspersed with osteoclast-like giant cells. Immunohistochemical stains showed tumor cells are positive for vimentin, CD10, CD31 (focal), CD99 (focal), while negative for Desmin, CD34, SMA, AE1AE3, HMB45, ALK1, CD30, S100, and Melan-A. CD68 highlighted only osteoclast-like giant cells. The lesion was diagnosed as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). Nine months later, chest CT showed a 1.3 cm lung nodule. The resected nodule was immunohistochemically and morphologically similar to the groin mass, including the presence of osteoclast-like giant cells. In addition, tumor cells were also diffusely positive for ERG and FLI1.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft tissue angiosarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cells presenting with lung metastasis. A high index of suspicion for an angiosarcoma in tumors occurring in proximal sites, characterized by epithelioid to “rhabdoid-like” cells, despite the presence of many osteoclast-like giant cells, is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis. Awareness of this histopathologic pattern and diagnostic confirmation with necessary immunohistochemical stains is important to avoid misinterpretation. UPS is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion, which should only be considered following extensive workup to eliminate all other possibilities.
What is the fuss about FUS fused rhabdomyosarcoma?
Authors: Al-kharouf I , Abdo M E , Hamza A , Meyer A R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that primarily affects children and adolescents. It arises from primitive mesenchymal cells committed to skeletal muscle differentiation.
Understanding the molecular drivers and genetic alterations underlying RMS is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. Recently, a novel fusion event involving the transcription factor CP2-like protein 2 (TFCP2) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) has emerged as a potential oncogenic driver in a subset of RMS cases. This fusion event represents a novel genetic alteration with implications for RMS pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies.

Methods/Case Report
A 58-year-old female presented with a tender fullness along the right mandibular body. A biopsy performed at an outside institution was notable for a spindle cell neoplasm. She underwent resection of the lesion with pathology demonstrating a predominantly monomorphic spindle cell sarcoma with focal areas of pleomorphism. The lesion was diffusely positive for MyoD1. SOX10, S100, H-caldesmon, SMA, and pan-cytokeratin were negative. H3K27me3 was retained, arguing against malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with extensive rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Break-apart FISH studies for FUS gene were positive. Overall, the findings were those of a recently described RMS variant with rearranged TFCP2 gene with FUS or EWSR1 as the partner gene. The patient later received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite that, her restaging scan 12 months later showed rapid progression with involvement of lungs, bone, and local recurrence in the jaw bilaterally.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
TFCP2-FUS gene fusion drives an emerging family of RMS with a predilection for the jaws. Recognition of this rare entity can guide personalized therapeutic approaches and improve the prognostic stratification of RMS patients
A Rare Case of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of Pineal Gland in An Adult Male
Authors: Iqbal S , Raja F , Cai D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), mesenchymal derived tumor, is predominantly diagnosed in the pediatric population but may present at any age. Less than 1% of all adult solid malignant cancers are sarcomas, and rhabdomyosarcoma comprises &lt;0.001% of adult sarcomas. Primary intracranial RMS is rare and has been reported in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and the meninges. The occurrence of a primary intracranial RMS arising from the pineal gland is exceedingly rare.

Methods/Case Report
An adult male presented to the ED with complaint of several months of headaches, progressive confusion, forgetfulness and most recently difficulty in finding words. CT scan showed a large mass arising from the pineal gland causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Subsequently, the patient underwent excisional biopsy. The histopathology examination revealed small round basophilic cells and large polygonal cells with large eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm containing globular paranuclear eosinophilic inclusions, characteristic of rhabdoid cells. Immunohistochemical (IHC) showed tumor cells are positive for Desmin, MyoD1, CK8/18, INI1 (hSNF5; SMARCB1) with retained nuclear expression and faint positivity for Synaptophysin and focally positivity for Neurofilament. The tumor cells showed negative staining for Pankeratin, SOX10, Oct4, SALL4, INSM1, LCA AND CD30, which excluded the possibility of Germ cell tumor and Pineoblastoma. The case was finalized as primary malignant neoplasm, consistent with Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma of pineal gland.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
This case highlights the rare occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the pineal gland in an adult male. Morphologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Since primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the pineal gland is rare, this case contributes to the limited body of literature on such cases. It underscores the importance of considering unusual entities in intracranial tumors. The distinct morphology and the use of IHC aids in diagnosing this rare entity.