bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Girl with combined cellular immunodeficiency, pancytopenia, malformations, deletion 11q23.3 → qter, and trisomy 8q24.3 → qter
Authors: Õunap Katrin , Bartsch Oliver , Uibo Oivi , Laidre Piret 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe here a 3‐year‐old girl demonstrating combined cellular immunodeficiency of B‐ and T‐cells, pancytopenia, multiple anomalies, and severe mental retardation. Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated an unbalanced translocation of chromosomes 8q and 11q, resulting in monosomy 11q23.3‐qter and trisomy 8q24.3‐qter. The association of cellular immunodeficiency and partial deletion 11q and/or partial trisomy 8q has not been described previously; however, the 11q deletion has been reported with humoral immunodeficiency or pancytopenia. Some one‐third to one‐half of patients with partial monosomy 11q were reported to have pancytopenia, which has been related to the absence of the 11q23‐q24 region. Our case narrows down the critical interval for thrombo‐ or pancytopenia to 11q23.3‐q24 and excludes both the ATM (which resides on 11q23.1) and the MLL genes as possible candidate genes. We are proposing that haploinsufficiency of the NFRKB gene on 11q24‐q25 and/or the ETS‐1 proto‐oncogene on 11q24 may have caused or contributed to the immunodeficiency (decreased levels of B‐ and T‐lymphocytes) in our patient. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duodeno‐jejunal atresia with volvulus, absent dorsal mesentery, and absent superior mesenteric artery: A hereditary compound structure in duodenal atresia?
Authors: Pumberger W. , Birnbacher R. , Pomberger G. , Deutinger J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuodenal atresia predominantly represents an isolated entity, but could also be part of a complexly structured intestinal malformation. We report four children, including two from one family, with duodeno‐jejunal atresia associated with malrotation, volvulus, and absent parietal attachment of the mesentery. Gross absence of the mesentery and absence of distal parts of the superior mesenteric artery were the most remarkable findings. The small intestine was supplied retrogradely from the right colic artery. Consideration of embryological theories of this malformation takes into account the important role of the duodeno‐jejunal flexure during the process of entry of the small bowel loops into the abdomen. Familial occurrence suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. We propose differentiating the pathoanatomical findings in our patients from classical apple peel small bowel syndrome (APSB). © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beta 1 integrin activation mediates adhesive differences between trisomy 21 and non‐trisomic fibroblasts on type VI collagen
Authors: Jongewaard Ian N. , Lauer Ronald M. , Behrendt Douglas A. , Patil Shivanand , Klewer Scott E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTrisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is a common genetic condition with a high incidence of congenital heart defects (CHD), particularly those involving abnormal development of the embryonic atrioventricular (AV) canal. Type VI collagen (Col VI) is expressed in the developing AV canal extracellular matrix, and has been associated with trisomy 21 AV canal defects in human genetic studies. Although the molecular mechanisms linking Col VI and trisomy 21 AV canal defects are not well understood, a computer model predicts increased cell adhesiveness is responsible for these CHD. We compared integrin‐mediated cell adhesive properties for skin fibroblasts isolated from trisomy 21 and non‐trisomic individuals on Col VI, fibronectin (FN) and type I collagen (Col I). Cell lines demonstrate similar adhesion profiles to FN and Col I, but all trisomy 21 cells display increased adhesive capacity for Col VI compared to non‐trisomic fibroblasts. Cell adhesion to type VI collagen was shown to be GRGDS independent, but β1 integrin family dependent. Function‐blocking antibodies identified α3β1 as the predominant integrin mediating trisomy 21 and non‐trisomic skin fibroblast adhesion on Col VI. Trisomy 21 and non‐trisomic fibroblasts display similar expression levels for each of the integrin receptors examined. A β1 integrin‐activating antibody augments non‐trisomic cell adhesion on Col VI, but has no effect upon trisomy 21 fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that β1 integrin family members mediate trisomy 21 and non‐trisomic skin fibroblast adhesion for Col VI. Altered activation state of the β1 integrin is a mechanism responsible for increased trisomy 21 cell adhesion on Col VI. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are bonobos (Pan paniscus) really more bipedal than chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?
Authors: Videan Elaine N. , McGrew W.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOf the living apes, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and bonobo (Pan paniscus) are often presented as possible models for the evolution of hominid bipedalism. Bipedality in matched pairs of captive bonobos and chimpanzees was analyzed to test hypotheses for the evolution of bipedalism, derived from a direct referential model. There was no overall species difference in rates of bipedal positional behavior, either postural or locomotory. The hominoid species differed in the function or use of bipedality, with bonobos showing more bipedality for carrying and vigilance, and chimpanzees showing more bipedality for display. Am. J. Primatol. 54:233–239, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of infant handling and the effects of female rank among Tana River adult female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) using permutation/randomization tests
Authors: Bentley‐Condit Vicki K. , Moore Thomas , Smith E.O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInfant handling has been documented in numerous species. Among cercopithecines, interaction motivations are reported to range from aunting to kidnapping; these interactions are often distressful for both mother and infant. Here we examine handling by adult female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus) at the Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya, using a relatively new, computer‐intensive statistical approach of permutation/randomization tests to deal with repeated measures effects and a skewed sample. We hypothesized 1) a tendency for handlers to handle the infants of females ranked similarly or lower than themselves, and 2) more successful infant handling by higher‐ranked females, particularly with very young infants. We collected focal data on 23 females (11 mother–infant pairs) over an 11‐mo period, with a total of 303 attempted and/or successful “handles” utilized in the permutation analyses. The general patterns apparent in the data seemed to support our hypotheses. However, the permutation tests showed that while females are somewhat more likely to attempt to handle the infants of females ranked “same or lower” than themselves, lower‐ranked females are able to prevent more than three‐fourths of the attempted interactions, and there is no statistically significant trend for females to successfully handle these infants. Further refinement of the analyses showed no significant tendencies for females to handle those infants ranked “lower” or “immediately lower” than themselves, casting doubt on the significant finding for “same or lower” attempts. Further, there was no significant effect for higher‐ranked females to successfully handle an infant during its first month. Thus, rank does not seem to offer any privileges in terms of handling an infant in this population. We believe the permutation tests are an effective way to analyze repeated measures data and offer a more sensitive analysis tool for determining true significance. Am. J. Primatol. 55:117–130, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maxillary canine‐first premolar transposition in two Native American skeletal samples from New Mexico
Authors: Burnett Scott E. , Weets Jaimin D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTooth transposition is a rare anomaly in which the position of two adjacent teeth in the dental arcade is reversed. Maxillary canine and first premolar transposition (Mx.C.P1 transposition) is most commonly observed. Data from Native Americans samples are lacking. The purpose of this study was: 1) to document the occurrence of Mx.C.P1 transposition, and 2) to generate information on the prevalence of this transposition type among world populations. Eleven cases (M = 5, F = 4, ? = 2) of Mx.C.P1 transposition were identified in skeletal samples from Pecos Pueblo (n = 500) and Sambrito Village (n = 10), both in northern New Mexico. Nine cases were unilateral, 6 affecting the right side and 3 affecting the left side. The remaining 2 cases were bilateral. The prevalence rate of Mx.C.P1 transposition in African and Native American samples, including Pecos Pueblo (1.8%), is higher than in samples from Scotland, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, and India. Mx.C.P1 transposition frequencies vary between geographically distinct populations, although sample composition may be a factor contributing to sample variation. Am J Phys Anthropol 116:45–50, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniometric variation and the settlement of the Americas: Testing hypotheses by means of R‐matrix and matrix correlation analyses
Authors: González‐José Rolando , Dahinten Silvia L. , Luis María A. , Hernández Miquel , Pucciarelli Hector M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew archaeological findings and the incorporation of new South American skull samples have raised fundamental questions for the classical theories of the Americas' settlement. The aim of this study was to estimate craniometric variability among several Asian and Native American populations in order to test goodness of fit of the data to different models of ancient population entries and dispersions into the New World. Our data set includes Howells' variables recorded on East Asian, North American, and South American natives (except for Na‐Dene speakers). Five Fuego‐Patagonian samples and one Paleoamerican sample were also included. A multivariate extension of the R‐matrix method for quantitative traits was used to obtain Fst values, which were considered estimations of intergroup variation. Three main models for the peopling of the New World were represented in hypothetical design matrices. Matrix permutation tests were performed to quantify the fit of the observed data with 1) geographical separation of the samples and 2) three ways of settlement, which were the Three Migration Model (TMM), the Single Wave Migration model (SWM), and the Two Components Settlement Model (TCS). R‐matrix results showed high levels of heterogeneity among Native Americans. Matrix permutation analyses suggested that the model involving high Amerindian heterogeneity and two different morphological patterns or components (derived “Mongoloid” vs. generalized “non‐Mongoloid”) explains better the variation observed, even when the effects of geographical separation are removed. Whether these patterns arose as a result of two separate migration events or by local evolution from Paleoamericans to Amerindians remains unresolved. Am J Phys Anthropol 116:154–165, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case‐control study of the extended tau gene haplotype in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Maraganore Demetrius M. , Hernandez Dena G. , Singleton Andrew B. , Farrer Matthew J. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Hutton Michael L. , Hardy John A. , Rocca Walter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the association of Parkinson's disease with tau gene haplotypes. In a sample of 319 unrelated Parkinson's disease patients and 196 control subjects, we observed an increased risk of Parkinson's disease for persons with the H1/H1 genotype (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval: 0.98–2.23); however, the finding was not statistically significant. The results remained similar after adjusting for the possible misclassification of progressive supranuclear palsy patients as Parkinson's disease, but became statistically significant after restricting the analysis to nondemented subjects.
Diastereoselective addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to chiral O‐, S‐ and N‐heterocyclic aldimines
Authors: Iovel Irina , Golomba Lena , Popelis Juris , Lukevics Edmunds 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSystematic investigation of asymmetric trimethylsilylcyanation of heterocyclic azomethines has been realized. The addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to optically active furan, thiophene and pyridine aldimines, derived from (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐phenylethylamine, was studied in the presence of Lewis acids, and a series of the corresponding α‐amino nitriles was obtained in fair to good yields (up to 91%). Unsaturated nitriles were also formed from pyridine imines. The sense of asymmetric induction and the degree of diastereoselectivity in the synthesis of α‐amino nitriles were determined by means of 1H NMR. The stereochemical outcome is a result of the same sense of asymmetric induction: Re face attack to the (S)‐imines and Si face addition to the (R)‐imines took place. The (R,R)‐ (up to 81%) or (S,S)‐ (up to 87%) α‐amino nitriles predominated in the products obtained from the all furan, thiophene and pyridine (R)‐ or (S)‐imines respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postcrosslinking of macroporous styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers via pendant vinyl groups: Effect of the starting copolymers on the pore structure of the postcrosslinked products
Authors: Zhou Chuncai , Yan Jun , Cao Zhinong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the presence of anhydrous ferric chloride as a Friedel–Crafts catalyst, the postcrosslinking reaction of macroporous styrene–divinylbenzene (St–DVB) copolymers synthesized under different conditions was carried out with 1,2‐dichloroethane as a solvent. Without an externally added crosslinking agent, the specific surface area and pore volume, for copolymers with different DVB isomers or different DVB contents after reaction, in most cases increased significantly, and the increase was found to be heavily dependent upon the amount of the pendant vinyl groups in the starting copolymers. These results further confirm the role of the pendant vinyl groups in creating new crosslinking bonds in addition to those created by a free‐radical crosslinking reaction in the starting copolymers, and an alkylation reaction of the vinyl groups with neighboring aromatic rings is believed to dominate the course of the postcrosslinking at a relatively high level of the vinyl group contents. The synthesis conditions, including the n‐heptane content in a mixed diluent and the amount of the diluent, under which the starting copolymers were synthesized, play an important role in the increase of the surface area and pore volume of the copolymers after postcrosslinking. The effect of these conditions is attributed mainly to the swelling ability of the starting copolymers thus obtained in the solvent used for reaction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1668–1677, 2002
Unsaturated polyester as compatibilizer for styrene–butadiene (SBR)/acrylonitrile–butadiene (NBR) rubber blends
Authors: Mansour S. H. , Tawfik S. Y. , Youssef M. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of the addition of 5 and 10 phr of unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) on the compatibility and physicomechanical properties of styrene–butadiene (SBR) and acrylonitrile–butadiene (NBR) rubber blends was studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrical, and ultrasonic techniques were used to determine the degree of the compatibility (DC). The results obtained revealed that, by the addition of 10 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) UPE as a compatibilizer for SBR/NBR blends, the degree of compatibility was greatly enhanced. The rheological and mechanical properties of the blends were also improved. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2314–2321, 2002
Functionally gradient silicone sheet made by treatment of swelling and polymerization with n‐butyl methacrylate
Authors: Horiuchi Kenichi , Suzuki Makoto , Tanaka Kotaro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA silicone sheet was dipped into n‐butyl methacrylate monomer including benzoyl peroxide and was swollen for 0.5 h at 23°C. Then, the sheet was put into a glass tube equipped with a three‐way stopcock and was deoxygenated by freezing under dry nitrogen. Polymerization was carried out by heating at 80°C for 2 h under dry nitrogen. The resultant sheet was a component gradient silicone sheet with poly‐n‐butylmethacrylate. The content of poly‐n‐butylmethacrylate increased gradually from either surface to the middle of the sheet. This phenomenon was assumed to occur because of the volatilization of n‐butyl methacrylate monomer during the polymerization. The properties of the sheet include increased tear strength and decreased gas permeability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3152–3155, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10177
Surface immobilization of star‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide) on poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Authors: Park Yong Soon , Kang Yong Soo , Won Jongok 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA thin layer of star‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (starPEO), on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane was prepared by a simple immobilization procedure. Photoreactive molecules were introduced on the surface of the polymeric support to achieve the formation of thin starPEO film from the materials having no functional groups. This novel technique enabled us to immobilize any kind of chemical, especially one that had no functional groups, and readily to control the amount of immobilization. The gas permeation properties of the starPEO‐immobilized PDMS membranes were investigated for pure propane and propylene. The permeance of gases were found to decrease in the starPEO‐immobilized PDMS membranes, although the ideal separation factors for propylene/propane were increased with the loading amount of silver ions, because of the facilitation action of silver ions in the immobilized PEO unit on the PDMS membranes, as propylene carriers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2369–2373, 2002
Disperse dyeing of polyester fibers: Kinetic and equilibrium study
Authors: Georgiadou K. L. , Tsatsaroni E. G. , Eleftheriadis I. C. , Kehayoglou A. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the dyeing rate constant k, diffusion coefficient D, time of half‐dyeing t1/2 was evaluated for the dyeing of polyester fibers with two disperse dyes, an azo and an anthraquinone dye. Activation energies of diffusion E were calculated. The polyester dyeing equilibrium was also studied and the partition coefficient K and standard affinity Δμ° at various temperatures were determined for the anthraquinone dye. Standard enthalpy ΔH° and standard entropy ΔS° of dyeing were also obtained. The same equilibrium parameters were not obtained for the azo dye because of its dyeing behavior. A similar kinetic and equilibrium study was made for the pure azo and anthraquinone compounds free from the dispersing agents present in the commercial dyes and the results are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2785–2790, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10254
Synthesis in inverse emulsion and properties of water‐soluble associating polymers
Authors: Pabon Martial , Corpart Jean‐Marc , Selb Joseph , Candau Françoise 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn inverse, free‐radical emulsion polymerization technique was designed for the preparation of copolymers of acrylamide and sodium acrylate modified with low amounts (<0.5 mol %) of a series of amphiphilic comonomers, the isooctylphenoxy–poly(oxyethylene)(n) methacrylates (1 ≤ n ≤ 12). The products of the reaction were hydrophobically modified water‐soluble polymers (HMWSPs) of high molecular weight encapsulated within water droplets dispersed in an organic medium. Kinetic studies showed that the full‐conversion samples were rather homogeneous in composition because of the specificity of the process. A mechanistic scheme is proposed that accounts for the incorporation level of the amphiphilic comonomer as a function of its hydrophile–lipophile balance and the nature of the redox initiator (hydrophilic or lipophilic). The rheological properties of the HMWSPs in aqueous solutions were investigated as a function of the comonomer content and the nature of the initiator with steady‐flow experiments. The thickening properties were directly correlated to the conditions of synthesis and were optimal when the initiator and the amphiphilic comonomer were located in two distinct phases. A maximum in viscosity was observed for a hydrophobe content of about 0.3 mol %. An examination of the viscosity as a function of the shear rate and time showed that these solutions had all the characteristics of associating polymers. The complex rheological behavior was the result of the balance between interchain and intrachain hydrophobic liaisons and the kinetics of disorganization and reorganization of the network structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1418–1430, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10337
Rheological properties of polypropylenes with different molecular weight distribution characteristics
Authors: Fujiyama Mitsuyoshi , Kitajima Yoshiyuki , Inata Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRelationships between the rheological properties and the molecular weight distribution of two polypropylene series with different molecular weight distribution characteristics were studied. The end correction coefficient in capillary flow is determined by the molecular weight Mw and the molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn, and is higher as both characteristic values are larger. The die swell ratio at a constant shear rate depends on Mw, Mw/Mn, and Mz/Mw, and is higher as the three characteristic values are larger. The critical shear rate at which a melt fracture begins to occurs depends on the molecular weight Mw and the molecular weight distribution Mz/Mw, and is proportional to Mz/Mw2 in a log–log plot. The critical shear stress does not depend on the molecular weight, and is higher as Mz/Mw is higher. The zero‐shear viscosity is determined by a molecular weight of slightly higher order than Mw, and the characteristic relaxation time is determined by Mz. The storage modulus at a constant loss modulus scarcely depends on the molecular weight, and is higher as the molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn is higher. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2128–2141, 2002
High Tg second‐ order nonlinear optical poly(urethane–imide)s prepared from disperse Red 19, pyromellitic dianhydride, and tolylene diisocyanate
Authors: Sui Yu , Lu Jiong‐Xin , Yin Jie , Wang Dong , Zhu Zi‐Kang , Wang Zong‐Guang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of poly(urethane–imide)s with high glass transition temperatures were easily prepared from a commercial nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore (Disperse Red 19), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), and 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate (TDI). The resulting polymers possessed good solubility and high glass transition temperatures (231–272°C) and thermal decomposition temperatures. They exhibited excellent film‐forming properties and good‐quality films were easily obtained by spin coating. These polymers also possessed a high coefficient of optical nonlinearity with good temporal stability of the dipole orientation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 944–949, 2002