bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large bowel lymphoma: An analysis of prognostic factors and therapy in 53 patients
Authors: Avilés Agustin , Neri Natividad , Huerta‐Guzmán Judith 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe performed a retrospective analysis to assess the influence of different prognostic factors, including the International Prognostic Index (IPI), that can predict the outcome in patients with primary large bowel lymphoma (Stage IE) treated with combined therapy (surgery followed by chemotherapy).MethodsAll patients were treated with radical surgery followed by six cycles of combined chemotherapy: CHOP‐Bleo (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicine, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin) or variants (epirubicin instead of doxorubicin). In all cases, an multivariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors (if any), including IPI, that can influence outcome.ResultsAccording to the IPI, event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival were 85% and 87%, respectively, in patients with low and low–intermediate clinical risk that was not statistically significant when compared to patients at high and high–intermediate clinical risk: 69% and 76% (P = 2). Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate the influence of multiple prognostic factors that were analyzed.ConclusionsCombined therapy appears to be an excellent therapeutic approach in this group of patients with prolonged EFS and survival, and without late toxicity. However, no prognostic factors, including IPI, could be identified to define the best therapy, probably because the number of patients, even in large series, is limited. Multicentric studies are necessary to identify prognostic factors to define therapy and outcome in this rare clinical presentation of malignant lymphoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:111–115. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐temperature kinetics of some Si‐ and Cl‐containing ceramic precursors
Authors: Kunz A. , Roth P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article summarizes our recent experimental investigations of high‐temperature kinetics of Si‐ and Cl‐containing precursor molecules relevant to chemical vapor synthesis and ceramic processing. Reaction systems using SiCl4 and SiHCl3 highly diluted in argon, which were studied in a shock tube using the combination of thermal pyrolysis and laser flash photolysis methods, are described. In situ concentrations of the atomic species Si, Cl, and H were measured simultaneously using the atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy. The measured properties were sensitive to a limited number of elementary reactions, which could be analyzed in terms of rate coefficients. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 741–754, 2001
Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing using repetitive long‐pulse exposure and cryogen spray cooling: I. Histological study*
Authors: Majaron Boris , Kelly Kristen M. , Park Hyle B. , Verkruysse Wim , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo evaluate histologically the characteristics of repetitive Er:YAG laser exposure of skin in combination with cryogen spray cooling (CSC), and its potential as a method of laser skin resurfacing.Study Design/Materials and MethodsRat skin was irradiated in vivo with sequences of 10 Er:YAG laser pulses (repetition rate 20 Hz, pulse duration 150 or 550 μs, single‐pulse fluence 1.3–5.2 J/cm2). In some examples, CSC was applied to reduce epidermal injury. Histologic evaluation was performed 1 hour, 1 day, 5 days, and 4 weeks post‐irradiation.ResultsA sequence of ten 550‐μs pulses with fluences around 2 J/cm2 resulted in acute dermal collagen coagulation to a depth of approximately 250 μm, without complete epidermal ablation. CSC improved epidermal preservation, but also diminished the coagulation depth. Four weeks after irradiation, neo‐collagen formation was observed to depths in excess of 100 μm.ConclusionsDermal collagen coagulation and neo‐collagen formation to depths similar to those observed after CO2 laser resurfacing can be achieved without complete ablation of the epidermis by rapidly stacking long Er:YAG laser pulses. Application of CSC does not offer significant epidermal protection for a given dermal coagulation depth. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:121–130, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of optical biosensor using polymeric waveguides integrated with an MSM photodetector
Authors: Borges Ben‐Hur V. , de Barros Luiz Eugenio M. , Flamino Reinaldo S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA detailed design of a new optical biosensor using polymeric waveguides intended for blood glucose concentration measurements is presented. The device is based on a vertically stacked two‐waveguide ARROW structure integrated with an MSM photodetector, simplifying fabrication and avoiding posttuning of sensor parameters. Simulated results obtained for this device represent a significant improvement in performance when compared to conventional Mach–Zehnder sensors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 33–37, 2001.
Isolated extramedullary relapse in acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Ginsberg Jill P. , Orudjev Elmar , Bunin Nancy , Felix Carolyn A. , Lange Beverly J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the characteristics and outcome of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experiencing an isolated extramedullary relapse (IEMR).ProcedureThe tumor registry of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia identified 215 patients with AML diagnosed between 1970 and 2000, of which 16 (7.4%) experienced IEMR. Patient‐ and disease‐related features and outcome of patients with IEMR and other patients with AML were compared.ResultsIEMR occurred a median of 4.5 months (1.5–74 months) from diagnosis. Male to female ratio was 4.3:1 in patients with IEMR and 1.1:1 in the other patients with AML (P = 0.048). Median age at diagnosis and median presenting WBC were not significantly different in patients with and without IEMR. Patients with IEMR were more likely to have extramedullary disease (EMD) at diagnosis (31 vs. 4.5%) (P = .002) and FAB M4 or M5 morphology (P = .0001). Leukemic cells in 7 of 13 patients (54%) had t(11q23), inversion 16 or t(8;21) with IEMR compared to 21 of 93 other patients (23%) (P = 0.166). Six of 16 (37.5%) patients survive a median of 4.5 years (range 1.5–15 years) after IEMR and there are 13 survivors (23%) of 57 patients after marrow or combined relapse (P = 0.56). One survivor of IEMR received local irradiation and continued on maintenance therapy while the other five received chemotherapy, irradiation, and allogeneic marrow transplant in second or third remission.ConclusionsPatients with isolated EMR are typically young males with monoblastic or myeloblastic leukemia who present with EMD at diagnosis. Marrow transplant following chemotherapy and local radiotherapy offer the potential for long‐term survival. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38:387–390. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symptomatic hypoglycemia in children receiving oral purine analogues for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ziino Ottavio , Russo Delia , Orlando Maria Antonietta , Benigno Vincenzo , Locatelli Franco , Aricò Maurizio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAntimetabolite‐based continuation therapy is commonly used for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting has been recently reported. We have found that spontaneous, symptomatic hypoglycemia (SH) may also occur in such patients.ProcedureBetween 1995 and 1999, patients treated according to the AIEOP‐ALL‐95 study received BFM‐type intensive chemotherapy; mercaptopurine (6‐MP) was given (60 mg/m2/days, orally for 14 days) during the second part of induction and during consolidation therapy (25 mg/m2/day, orally for 8 weeks); thioguanine (6‐TG) was given during reinduction therapy with protocol II (60 mg/m2/day, orally for 14 days); continuation therapy consisted of a combination of 6‐MP (50 mg/m2/day orally) and methotrexate (MTX, 20 mg/m2/weekly, i.m.). We reviewed the charts of all patients treated for childhood ALL at our two centers. This was done to assess the incidence and the characteristics of all episodes of SH: sweating, pallor, nausea, abdominal pain with or without transient alterations of alertness, in the presence of blood glucose level of under 60 mg/dl.ResultsSix of 86 patients (6.9%) developed 18 episodes of SH. Five were male, none was older than 5 years, and four were only 3 years old. SH episodes occurred during consolidation (n = 2), reinduction (n = 7), and continuation (n = 9) phases.ConclusionsSH is a rare complication associated with administration of the purine analogues, mercaptopurine and thioguanine to children with reduced fat storage and young age. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:32–34. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and social factors that affect the time to diagnosis of Mexican children with cancer
Authors: Fajardo‐Gutiérrez Arturo , Sandoval‐Mex Aidé María , Mejía‐Aranguré Juan Manuel , Rendón‐Macías Mario Enrique , Martínez‐García María del Carmen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies on the factors that influence the time to diagnosis (TD) in childhood cancer. The object of the present study was to determine the influence of some clinical and social factors associated to TD in children with cancer seen at Mexico City (MC) hospitals.ProcedureA retrospective study was performed. A total of 4,940 clinical records of children with cancer were reviewed. Cases of cancer were grouped, according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The median (med) TD was calculated for each group (type) of cancer. The association between delayed TD (longer than 1 month) and type, age at diagnosis, parental educational level, medical institution, and place of residence was analyzed, for which the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained.ResultsLeukemias had the shortest TD (med = 1 month), while Hodgkin disease (HD) and retinoblastoma had the longest TD (med = 5 months). The highest risk for delayed TD was in children with HD (OR = 7.0; 95% CI 5.3–9.3), in the 10–14 age group (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.4–2.3), with low maternal educational level (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–2.1), in the population with no access to social security (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.1–1.4), and whose place of residence is far from MC (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–2.1).ConclusionsIn Mexican children with cancer, age at diagnosis, and societal characteristics are important factors affecting timely diagnosis. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:25–31. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restoration of motion‐related signal loss and line‐shape deterioration of proton MR spectra using the residual water as intrinsic reference
Authors: Helms Gunther , Piringer Andreas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA postprocessing method to restore motion‐related signal loss and line‐shape deterioration in single‐volume proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) is presented. Each acquisition is corrected by its phase offset and frequency shift, extracted from the residual water signal prior to averaging. Requirements are good gradient selection and selective suppression of CSF in residual water. Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectra (TE = 30 ms) were analyzed using the LCModel program to study gains in metabolite signal and spectral quality in five brain regions. Increases of total N‐acetyl‐aspartate concentrations of up to 5% were observed. The method may be beneficial for clinical examinations of less compliant subjects and for dynamic spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 46:395‐400, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtle involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Oey P. Liam , Vos Pieter E. , Wieneke George H. , Wokke John H.J. , Blankestijn Peter J. , Karemaker John M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe literature on the involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is conflicting. We therefore investigated several aspects of autonomic function, namely muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure, cardiac function (electrocardiogram; ECG), and respiration in 16 patients with sporadic ALS and in 12 age‐matched healthy volunteers, both at rest and during sympathoexcitatory stimulation. We measured MSNA by provoking venous pooling during short‐lasting lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and during the cold pressor test (CPT). To assess the vagal (baroreflex) control of heart rate (HR), we measured spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). To assess the involvement of the ANS beyond the cardiovascular system, we measured the sympathetic skin response (SSR). The stand‐up test showed that none of the subjects had orthostatic intolerance. In comparison with the control group, the ALS patients had an increased HR and a decreased BRS at rest, and a reduced MSNA response to LBNP. The CPT response was normal and the total MSNA at rest did not differ significantly from that of controls. The latencies of the palmar and plantar SSR were prolonged, and in 3 ALS patients there was no plantar SSR. The results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system shows subtle abnormalities in ALS, predominantly sympathetic overactivity. They also point to the involvement of the preganglionic sympathetic column as the cause of the higher sympathetic activity and the absence of SSR. The higher sympathetic activity is postulated to be due to changes in modulation of the sympathetic system, whereas the absence of the SSR is probably caused by disruption of the reflex pathway. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Physiological alterations of maximal voluntary quadriceps activation by changes of knee joint angle
Authors: Becker Roland , Awiszus Friedemann 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different angles of the knee joint on voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle, estimating the ability of a subject to activate a muscle maximally by means of voluntary contraction. Isometric torque measurement was performed on 6 healthy subjects in 5° intervals between 30° and 90° of knee joint flexion. Superimposed twitches at maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and at a level of 60% and 40% of the MVC were applied and the voluntary activation estimated. At between 30° and 75° of knee flexion, the maximal extension torque increased at an average rate of 2.67 ± 0.6 Nm/degree, followed by a decline with further flexion. However, throughout the joint‐angle range tested, voluntary activation increased on average by 0.37%/degree with a maximum at 90° of flexion. Due to the influence of joint position it is not possible to generalize results obtained at the knee joint angle of 90° of flexion, which is usually used for the quadriceps twitch‐interpolation technique. Consequently, it is useful to investigate voluntary activation deficits in knee joint disorders at a range of knee joint angles that includes, in particular, the more extended joint angles used frequently during daily activity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 667–672, 2001
Inelastic constitutive properties and shear localization in Tennessee marble
Authors: Holcomb D. J. , Rudnicki J. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe inelastic response of Tennessee marble is modelled by an elastic plastic constitutive relation that includes pressure dependence of yield, strain‐softening and inelastic volume strain (dilatancy). Data from 12 axisymmetric compression tests at confining pressures from 0 to 100 MPa are used to determine the dependence of the yield function and plastic potential, which are different, on the first and second stress invariants and the accumulated inelastic shear strain. Because the data requires that the strain at peak stress depends on the mean stress, the locus of peak stresses is neither a yield surface nor a failure envelope, as is often assumed. Based on the constitutive model and Rudnicki and Rice criterion, localization is not predicted to occur in axisymmetric compression although faulting is observed in the tests. The discrepancy is likely due to the overly stiff response of a smooth yield surface model to abrupt changes in the pattern of straining. The constitutive model determined from the axisymmetric compression data describes well the variation of the in‐plane stress observed in a plane strain experiment. The out‐of‐plane stress is not modelled well, apparently because the inelastic normal strain in this direction is overpredicted. In plane strain, localization is predicted to occur close to peak stress, in good agreement with the experiment. Observation of localization on the rising portion of the stress–strain curve in plane strain does not, however, indicate prepeak localization. Because of the rapid increase of mean stress in plane strain, the stress–strain curve can be rising while the shear stress versus shear strain curve at constant mean stress is falling (negative hardening modulus). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of a 3‐D DEM simulation with MRI data
Authors: Ng Tang‐Tat , Wang Changming 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of a granular material studied experimentally and numerically. Simple shear tests were performed inside the magnetic core of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment. Spherical pharmaceutical pills were used as the granular material, with each pill's centre location determined by MRI. These centre locations in the initial assembly were then used as the initial configuration in the numerical simulation using the discrete element method. The contact properties between pharmaceutical pills used in the numerical simulation were obtained experimentally. The numerical predication was compared with experimental data at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Good agreement was found at both levels. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative coloring extension of a maximum clique
Authors: Caramia Massimiliano , Dell'Olmo Paolo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we present an improved branch and bound algorithm for the vertex coloring problem. The idea is to try to extend the coloring of a maximum clique to its adjacent vertices. If this succeeds, its successive neighbors are considered; in case of failure (i.e., in the case the initial colors are not sufficient), working on the subgraph induced by the maximum clique and its neighborhood, the lower bound is improved by seeking for an optimal coloring of this subgraph by branch and bound. The process is repeated iteratively until the whole graph is examined. The iterative scheme exploits a further lower bound obtained by integrating a simple algorithm into the maximum clique search, and a new method to compute upper bounds on subgraphs. Furthermore, a new branching rule and a method for the selection of the initial maximum clique are presented. Extensive computational results and comparisons with existing exact coloring algorithms on random graphs and benchmarks are given. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistic 48: 518–550, 2001
Blockade of the central generator of locomotor rhythm by noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Cattaert Daniel , Birman Serge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe noncompetitive antagonists of the vertebrate N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor dizocilpine (MK 801) and phencyclidine (PCP), delivered in food, were found to induce a marked and reversible inhibition of locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. To determine the site of action of these antagonists, we used an in vitro preparation of the Drosophila third‐instar larva, preserving the central nervous system and segmental nerves with their connections to muscle fibers of the body wall. Intracellular recordings were made from ventral muscle fibers 6 and 7 in the abdominal segments. In most larvae, long‐lasting (>1 h) spontaneous rhythmic motor activities were recorded in the absence of pharmacological activation. After sectioning of the connections between the brain and abdominal ganglia, the rhythm disappeared, but it could be partially restored by perfusing the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine, indicating that the activity was generated in the ventral nerve cord. MK 801 and PCP rapidly and efficiently inhibited the locomotor rhythm in a dose‐dependent manner, the rhythm being totally blocked in 2 min with doses over 0.1 mg/mL. In contrast, more hydrophilic competitive NMDA antagonists had no effect on the motor rhythm in this preparation. MK 801 did not affect neuromuscular glutamatergic transmission at similar doses, as demonstrated by monitoring the responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the motor nerve or pressure applied glutamate. The presence of oxotremorine did not prevent the blocking effect of MK 801. These results show that MK 801 and PCP specifically inhibit centrally generated rhythmic activity in Drosophila, and suggest a possible role for NMDA‐like receptors in locomotor rhythm control in the insect CNS. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 48: 58–73, 2001
From medical images to anatomically accurate finite element grids
Authors: Cebral Juan Raul , Löhner Rainald 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe successful application of computational modelling of blood flow for the planning of surgical and interventional procedures to treat cardiovascular diseases strongly depends on the rapid construction of anatomical models. The large individual variability of the human vasculature and the strong dependence of blood flow characteristics on the vessel geometry require modelling on a patient‐specific basis. Various image processing and geometrical modelling techniques are integrated for the rapid construction of geometrical surface models of arteries starting from medical images. These discretely defined surfaces are then used to generate anatomically accurate finite element grids for hemodynamic simulations. The proposed methodology operates directly in 3D and consists of three stages. In the first stage, the images are filtered to reduce noise and segmented using a region‐growing algorithm in order to obtain a properly defined boundary of the arterial lumen walls. In the second stage, a surface triangulation representing the vessel walls is generated using a direct tessellation of the boundary voxels. This surface is then smoothed and the quality of the resulting triangulation is improved. Finally, in the third stage, the triangulation is subdivided into so‐called discrete surface patches for surface gridding, the desired element size distribution is defined and the finite element grid generated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a two‐level finite element method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Franca L. P. , Nesliturk A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider the Galerkin finite element method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in two dimensions, where the finite‐dimensional space(s) employed consist of piecewise polynomials enriched with residual‐free bubble functions. To find the bubble part of the solution, a two‐level finite element method (TLFEM) is described and its application to the Navier–Stokes equation is displayed. Numerical solutions employing the TLFEM are presented for three benchmark problems. We compare the numerical solutions using the TLFEM with the numerical solutions using a stabilized method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.