bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: focus on waste-heat harvesting via thermoelectric conversion: materials, devices and systems for sustainable energy technologies
Authors: Artini C , Isotta E , Demontis V , Pennelli G , Castellero A , Ferrario A , Rossella F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The focus collection ‘Waste-heat harvesting via thermoelectric conversion: Materials, devices and systems for sustainable energy technologies’ collates several research articles and a Roadmap highlighting the most recent advances in the field of thermoelectricity from the viewpoint of both basic and applied research, with a special eye on the work of the Italian community.
Study of resistive switching behavior in HfO2 nanocrystals synthesized via a low temperature hydrothermal method
Authors: Chen Xiaozhang , Li Heng , Tian Zhaobo , Zhu Yuan , Su Longxing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The resistive switching property in HfO2 have attracted increasing interest in recent years. In this work, amorphous HfO2 nanocrystals are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Then, the as-synthesized nanocrystals are rapid thermal annealed in different atmospheres for improving the crystal quality, and monoclinic phase is determined as the main crystal structure of the annealed HfO2. Subsequently, metal–insulator–metal structure devices based on HfO2 samples are fabricated. Electrical measurement indicates that 700 °C annealing processes in Air and Ar environments can slightly improve the bipolar resistive switching and retention behaviors. Higher annealed temperature (900 °C) will further improve the crystal quality of HfO2, while the resistive switching and retention behaviors of the devices continuously attenuate, which can be ascribed to the reduction of the conductive filaments induced by defects.
Inversion of magnetic diameter distribution of magnetic fluids under high and low temperatures
Authors: Xue Shuang , Yang Wenrong , Zhang Yumeng , Lu Xuehui , Zhang Heng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The magnetic diameter is a crucial factor affecting the magnetic properties of magnetic fluids. The magnetic diameter distribution can be estimated based on the magnetic properties. However, the magnetic dipole interaction of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and the variation of the magnetic diameter with temperature have received relatively little attention in previous research. Hence, this research proposes the AP-MMF1-L method to inverse the magnetic diameter which considers the magnetic dipole interaction and derives the magnetic diameter at different temperatures. Firstly, the AP-MMF1-L uses the least square method between the first-order modified mean-field Langevin function (MMF1-L) and the measured magnetization curve as the objective function. Meanwhile, the hybrid Artificial bee colony-particle swarm (AP) optimization algorithm is introduced to inverse the optimal magnetic diameter distribution. Secondly, the hydrodynamic diameter distribution experimental values are compared with the theoretical values, demonstrating the AP-MMF1-L method obtains accurate inversion results of the magnetic diameter distribution when compared to other models. Finally, the arithmetic mean of the magnetic diameter at different temperatures is investigated, revealing a decreasing trend as the temperature rises, approximately following a linear distribution. The AP-MMF1-L provides a novel and effective tool for accurately determining the magnetic diameter of the MNPs across various temperatures.
FLASH radiotherapy sparing effect on the circulating lymphocytes in pencil beam scanning proton therapy: impact of hypofractionation and dose rate
Authors: Galts Antje , Hammi Abdelkhalek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose. The sparing effect of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy has been reported, but its potential to mitigate depletion of circulating blood and lymphocytes (CL) has not been investigated in pencil-beam scanning-based (PBS) proton therapy, which could potentially reduce the risk of radiation-induced lymphopenia. Material and methods. A time-dependent framework was used to score the dose to the CL during the course of radiotherapy. For brain patients, cerebral vasculatures were semi-automatic segmented from 3T MR-angiography data. A dynamic beam delivery system was developed capable of simulating spatially varying instantaneous dose rates of PBS treatment plans, and which is based on realistic beam delivery parameters that are available clinically. We simulated single and different hypofractionated PBS intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) FLASH schemes using 600 nA beam current along with conventionally fractionated IMPT treatment plan at 2 nA beam current. The dosimetric impact of treatment schemes on CL was quantified, and we also evaluated the depletion in subsets of CL based on their radiosensitivity. Results. The proton FLASH sparing effect on CL was observed. In single-fraction PBS FLASH, just 1.5% of peripheral blood was irradiated, whereas hypofractionated FLASH irradiated 7.3% of peripheral blood. In contrast, conventional fractionated IMPT exposed 42.4% of peripheral blood to radiation. PBS FLASH reduced the depletion rate of CL by 69.2% when compared to conventional fractionated IMPT. Conclusion. Our dosimetric blood flow model provides quantitative measures of the PBS FLASH sparing effect on the CL in radiotherapy for brain cancer. FLASH Single treatment fraction offers superior CL sparing when compared to hypofractionated FLASH and conventional IMPT, supporting assumptions about reducing risks of lymphopenia compared to proton therapy at conventional dose rates. The results also indicate that faster conformal FLASH delivery, such as passive patient-specific energy modulation, may further enhance the sparing of the immune system.
Coupling the COST reference plasma jet to a microfluidic device: a computational study
Authors: Bissonnette-Dulude Julien , Heirman Pepijn , Coulombe Sylvain , Bogaerts Annemie , Gervais Thomas , Reuter Stephan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The use of microfluidic devices in the field of plasma-liquid interaction can unlock unique possibilities to investigate the effects of plasma-generated reactive species for environmental and biomedical applications. So far, very little simulation work has been performed on microfluidic devices in contact with a plasma source. We report on the modelling and computational simulation of physical and chemical processes taking place in a novel plasma-microfluidic platform. The main production and transport pathways of reactive species both in plasma and liquid are modelled by a novel modelling approach that combines 0D chemical kinetics and 2D transport mechanisms. This combined approach, applicable to systems where the transport of chemical species occurs in unidirectional flows at high Péclet numbers, decreases calculation times considerably compared to regular 2D simulations. It takes advantage of the low computational time of the 0D reaction models while providing spatial information through multiple plug-flow simulations to yield a quasi-2D model. The gas and liquid flow profiles are simulated entirely in 2D, together with the chemical reactions and transport of key chemical species. The model correctly predicts increased transport of hydrogen peroxide into the liquid when the microfluidic opening is placed inside the plasma effluent region, as opposed to inside the plasma region itself. Furthermore, the modelled hydrogen peroxide production and transport in the microfluidic liquid differs by less than 50% compared with experimental results. To explain this discrepancy, the limits of the 0D–2D combined approach are discussed.
Seismic displacement response of SDOF systems with SMA slip friction dampers
Authors: Qiu Canxing , Bai Muyuan , Jiang Tianyuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Owing to superelastic behavior, shape memory alloy (SMA) has been widely utilized to develop self-centering damping devices. Recently, the authors developed a novel SMA damper, i.e. the SMA slip friction (SMASF) damper. The cyclic behavior of the SMASF damper not only depends on the hysteresis shape factors of SMA bars, but also on the coefficient of kinetic friction and the slope of the friction plates. Hence, the basic working mechanism of the SMASF damper is different from that of conventional SMA dampers. In the early work, the features of the SMASF damper have been revealed by static cyclic loading tests. However, the seismic displacement responses of this novel damper remain unknown. To this end, this paper initiates with a brief introduction of the damper, including the configuration, working mechanism, and testing results. And then, extensive seismic analyses based on single-degree-of-freedom systems were conducted. Based on the constant-strength ductility demand spectra, the displacement responses of the SMASF damper were understood through the comparisons with conventional SMA damper and friction damper. A wide range of fundamental periods, strength capacities and seismic intensity levels were considered. Further, parametric analysis was conducted to assess the effect of the hysteresis shape factors of SMA bars and the coefficient of kinetic friction and the slope of the friction plates. This study also sheds light on the force-based seismic design method for this damper.
Evidence for current suppression in superconductor–superconductor bilayers
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , McFadden Ryan M L , Valente-Feliciano Anne-Marie , Beverstock David R , Suter Andreas , Salman Zaher , Prokscha Thomas , Junginger Tobias 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, which are critical components in many particle accelerators, need to be operated in the Meissner state to avoid strong dissipation from magnetic vortices. For a defect-free superconductor, the maximum attainable magnetic field for operation is set by the superheating field,

B

s
h

, which directly depends on the surface current. In heterostructures composed of different superconductors, the current in each layer depends not only on the properties of the individual material, but also on the electromagnetic response of the adjacent layers through boundary conditions at the interfaces. Three prototypical bilayers [

N
b

1
−
x

T
i

x

N

(

50

n
m

)

/

N
b

,

N

b

1
−
x

T

i

x

N

(

80

n
m

)

/

N
b

, and,

N

b

1
−
x

T

i

x

N

(

160

n
m

)

/

N
b

] are investigated here by depth-resolved measurements of their Meissner screening profiles using low energy muon spin rotation (LE-µSR). From fits to a model based on London theory (with appropriate boundary and continuity conditions), a magnetic penetration depth for the thin

N

b

1
−
x

T

i

x

N

layers of

λ

N

b

1
−
x

T

i

x

N

=
182.5
(
31
)

n
m

is found, in good agreement with literature values for the bulk alloy. Using the measured

λ

N

b

1
−
x

T

i

x

N

, the maximum vortex-free field,

B

m
a
x

, of the superconductor-superconductor (SS) bilayer structure was estimated to be

610
(
40
)

m
T

. The strong suppression of the surface current in the

N

b

1
−
x

T

i

x

N

layer suggests an optimal thickness of

∼
1.4

λ

N
b

1
−
x

T
i

x

N

=
261
(
14
)

n
m

.
Transport properties of 2H-NbSe2 synthesized by selenization of Nb thin films
Authors: Zaitsev A G , Beck A , Fuchs D , Hott R , Schneider R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of 2H-NbSe2 thin films by selenization of precursor Nb thin films is reported. The polycrystalline films grow predominantly in the hexagonal 2H-NbSe2 phase with bulk lattice constants. Their remarkable microstructure consists of a three-dimensional network of flake-like grains substantially stacked vertically on the substrate. The electronic transport between 1.2 K and 300 K in zero and applied magnetic fields up to 14 T has been extensively studied. The study comprises resistivity, magnetoresistance, Hall coefficient, upper critical field, and critical current density. The results are discussed taking account of the coexisting charge-density-wave and superconducting phases.
Predicting and understanding residential water use with interpretable machine learning
Authors: Rachunok Benjamin , Verma Aniket , Fletcher Sarah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Predicting residential water use is critical to efficiently manage urban water resource systems. Simultaneously, understanding the factors driving residential water use is required to plan for future urban change and achieve effective water resource management. Current approaches examining residential water use identify the drivers of household water use through parametric or non-parametric statistical approaches. Parametric approaches have high predictive errors and lack the ability to accurately capture interactions between features but allow for easy interpretation. Non-parametric approaches have lower predictive errors and can capture non-linear feature interactions but do not allow for easy interpretation. We use non-parametric statistical models of household water use and recent advances in interpretable machine learning to understand the drivers of residential water use. Specifically, we use post-hoc interpretability methods to examine how drivers of water use interact, focusing on environmental, demographic, physical housing, and utility policy factors. We find all four categories of factors are important for estimating water use with environmental and utility policy factors playing the largest role. Additionally, we identify non-linear interactions between many variables within and across these classes. We show this approach provides both high predictive accuracy and identification of complex water use factors, offering important insight for urban water management.
Embedding of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to emulate the von Neumann measurement scheme
Authors: Singh Gurpahul , Singh Ritesh K , Banerjee Soumitro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The problem of how measurement in quantum mechanics takes place has existed since its formulation. Von Neumann proposed a scheme where he treated measurement as a two-part process— a unitary evolution in the full system-ancilla space and then a projection onto one of the pointer states of the ancilla (representing the ‘collapse’ of the wavefunction). The Lindblad master equation, which has been extensively used to explain dissipative quantum phenomena in the presence of an environment, can effectively describe the first part of the von Neumann measurement scheme when the jump operators in the master equation are Hermitian. We have proposed a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism to emulate the first part of the von Neumann measurement scheme. We have used the embedding protocol to dilate a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that governs the dynamics in the system subspace into a higher-dimensional Hermitian Hamiltonian that evolves the full space unitarily. We have obtained the various constraints and the required dimensionality of the ancilla Hilbert space in order to achieve the required embedding. Using this particular embedding and a specific projection operator, one obtains non-Hermitian dynamics in the system subspace that closely follow the Lindblad master equation. This work lends a new perspective to the measurement problem by employing non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.
Separation and detection of orbital angular momentum states of composite vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence channels
Authors: Hongyan Wei , Han Zhou , Yuejiao Fu , Qianqian Du , Peng Jia , Dongmei Cai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The separation and detection of compound orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are the basis for achieving high-speed and high-capacity communication, but the atmospheric turbulence causes distortion of the phase fronts of vortex beams, which hinders the recognition of OAM modes. To solve this problem, in this work, we propose and investigate a joint scheme of combining the Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm and the phase of addition and subtraction model that can achieve high recognition accuracy and a wide range of OAM modes of compound perfect optical vortex beam under long-distance turbulence environment. At the receiving end, the GS algorithm and phase addition and subtraction are used to compensate and modulate the incident vortex light field to obtain the pre-processed light field, and then the OAM is detected by the coordinate transformation method. The simulation results show that: The detection range of the OAM of the three optical path detection model for the vortex beam transmitting 1000 m reaches −37 to +37 in the vacuum environment, and the mode purity of −37 to +37 can reach more than 0.3 when the turbulence intensity is Cn

2 = 2 × 10−15 m−2/3. The detection range of the OAM of the vortex can be further expanded by increasing the optical path. This study provides a new method for the separation and detection of OAM of composite vortex beams.
Royalist memorials of the civil war in the Vendée during the early Third Republic
Authors: Oakland Gareth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the 1890s, when statuomanie was at its peak, conservatives in the Vendée erected two statues to commemorate figures from the royalist armies in the civil war in order to contest republican education politics and memory culture. The first, aristocrat Henri de La Rochejaquelein (1772–94), was unveiled in 1895. The second, erected a year later, celebrated the first commander-in-chief of the royalist army, Jacques Cathelineau (1759–93). The contested nature of these commemorations illustrates the distinctive character of the Vendée in the early Third Republic; leading conservative politicians and churchmen did not mediate between grandes and petites patries within a republican frame, but rather rejected the notion of the secular democratic republic in its entirety. The memorials sought to assert a distinctive regional history to local Vendéen audiences, but they did so in the service of a vision of France and its history that contradicted the dominant project of republicanism and thus constituted a unique chapter of the wider debate about memory and history in France during the Third Republic.
sTREM-1: A Biomarker of Mortality in Severe Malaria Impacted by Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Mufumba Ivan , Kazinga Caroline , Namazzi Ruth , Opoka Robert O , Batte Anthony , Bond Caitlin , John Chandy C , Conroy Andrea L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Malaria is an important cause of mortality in African children. Identification of biomarkers to identify children at risk of mortality has the potential to improve outcomes.

Methods
We evaluated 11 biomarkers of host response in 592 children with severe malaria. The primary outcome was biomarker performance for predicting mortality. Biomarkers were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis comparing the area under the ROC curve (AUROC).

Results
Mortality was 7.3% among children in the study with 72% of deaths occurring within 24 hours of admission. Among the candidate biomarkers, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) had the highest AUROC (0.78 [95% confidence interval, .70–.86]), outperforming several other biomarkers including C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. sTREM-1 was the top-performing biomarker across prespecified subgroups (malaria definition, site, sex, nutritional status, age). Using established cutoffs, we evaluated mortality across sTREM-1 risk zones. Among children with acute kidney injury, 39.9% of children with a critical-risk sTREM-1 result had an indication for dialysis. When evaluated relative to a disease severity score, sTREM-1 improved mortality prediction (difference in AUROC, P = .016).

Conclusions
sTREM-1 is a promising biomarker to guide rational allocation of clinical resources and should be integrated into clinical decision support algorithms, particularly when acute kidney injury is suspected.
Occupational asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer: updated systematic review
Authors: Turati F , Rossi M , Spinazzè A , Pira E , Cavallo D M , Patel L , Mensi C , La Vecchia C , Negri E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The association between asbestos exposure and ovarian cancer has been questioned given the possible misdiagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma as ovarian cancer.

Aims
To update a systematic review on ovarian cancer risk in women occupationally exposed to asbestos, exploring the association with the time since first exposure and the duration of exposure.

Methods
We searched PubMed from 2008 onwards, screened previous systematic reviews, combined standardized mortality ratios (SMR) using random effect models and quantified heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. To assess tumour misclassification, we compared the distribution of observed excess ovarian cancers (OEOC) to that expected (EEOC) from the distribution of peritoneal cancers in strata of latency and exposure duration.

Results
Eighteen publications (20 populations), including a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts, were included. The pooled SMR was 1.79 (95% confidence interval 1.38–2.31), with moderate heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 42%), based on 144 ovarian cancer deaths/cases. The risk was increased for women with indirect indicators of higher exposure, longer duration and latency, and lower for chrysotile than for crocidolite exposure. The effect of duration and latency could not be completely disentangled, since no multivariate analysis was available for time-related variables. The dissimilarity index between OEOC and EEOC for the time since first exposure was small suggesting a similar pattern of risk.

Conclusions
While some misclassification between ovarian and peritoneal cancers cannot be excluded, the observed excess risk of ovarian cancer should be added to the overall disease burden of asbestos.
Workplace violence in radiology: results of a systematic review
Authors: Busch I M , Rimondini M , Scott S D , Moretti F , Cecchin D , Wu A W , Giraudo C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Workplace violence (WPV) is a growing issue in health care with far-reaching consequences for health workers’ physical and psychological well-being. While some medical specialities like emergency medicine have always been considered at higher risk for WPV, several studies have also reported its occurrence in radiology.

Aims
This systematic review aimed to comprehensively synthesize the types of WPV in radiology, its psychological impact, and the underlying risk and protective factors.

Methods
We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL) and additional literature, including grey literature, and established weekly search alerts. Two reviewers independently conducted all methodological steps, involving a third reviewer in case of disagreement.

Results
Of the 12 205 retrieved records, 103 full-text articles were evaluated, and 15 studies were included. Across studies, verbal aggression, sexual harassment (mostly against women) and physical violence were experienced by up to 100%, 85% and 46% of health workers, respectively. Perpetrators were patients and patients’ caregivers, followed by co-workers. Victims suffered from various psychological symptoms, such as anxiety (22%–54%), fear (6%–39%), depression (32%) and repeated disturbing memories (21%). Risk factors included female gender, understaffing, worker inexperience, poor communication and lengthy waiting times. Social support and security personnel presence were among the identified protective factors.

Conclusions
Health workers are at high risk of experiencing WPV in the radiological setting, with a strong psychological impact. Radiological departments should create a safe healthcare environment that actively manages the identified risk factors and offers psychological support to affected workers.