bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why This Study Now?
Authors: Torrejón Pérez Sergio , Fernández-Macías Enrique , Hurley John 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study of occupational and structural changes in employment has garnered significant attention within the social sciences since the 1970s, driven by early contributions from scholars like Daniel Bell and Harry Braverman, who explored the implications of transitioning to a post-industrial society and the impact of technology on labour, respectively. Since then, particularly from the 1990s onward, the field has expanded, focusing on how technological, organizational and other transformations affect workers based on their skill level or the task content of their jobs, with the common goal of understanding how employment structures evolve over time. This book contributes to this body of literature by pursuing three main objectives. First, it updates the international evidence on occupational change using the most recent data available, covering approximately two decades up to 2022, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment structures. Second, it broadens the scope of analysis beyond the traditionally studied regions (the US and Europe) to include a wider set of countries, encompassing also other developed and developing nations such as Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, India, Russia and South Korea. This expanded coverage allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the global mechanisms driving employment transformations, which can vary significantly across different contexts. Third, the book seeks to produce comparable evidence on a global scale by applying consistent methodologies across all countries studied, thereby minimizing the risk of discrepancies arising from methodological differences rather than actual variations in employment trends.
Job Polarization in the US in the Twenty-First Century: Studying Shifts in Employment Structures Using Occupations and Sectors
Authors: Dwyer Rachel E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Job polarization was first identified in the US in the 1990s, when employment growth concentrated in the highest and lowest wages jobs with much less growth in middle-wage jobs. Research since then has identified continuing polarizing pressures in the US and Europe, but also evidence of job upgrading in some periods even in the US. Prior research on job polarization often focuses on the relationship between individual wage inequality and inequality between jobs defined as occupations. I argue for the value of a focus on the structure of job inequality as distinct from individual wage inequality and, furthermore, argue for the inclusion of sectoral divisions in a jobs-based approach. With that conceptual underpinning, I analyse CPS data and build on prior work to study the first two decades of the 2000s, up to the first pandemic year of 2020. I disaggregate job growth by sector, employment contract and socio-demographic groups. I find that the pattern of job polarization shifted in the 2000s where economic recessions became increasingly crucial in shaping the evolution of job growth. I also find striking race/ethnic disparities in job growth that reinforce both the privileged position of white workers in the US labour market, but also challenges for white workers in middle-wage jobs. Black and Hispanic workers also face particularly significant obstacles in reaching the highest-wage jobs. I close with policy recommendations for supporting equitable job growth.
Pulmonary Infections
Authors: Meirelles Gustavo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pulmonary infections remain a global health challenge, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality rates. These conditions are characterized by acute inflammation of lung tissues, with symptoms such as fever, cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Imaging techniques play a pivotal role in diagnosing these infections, helping to identify pulmonary infiltrates and assess the severity of the disease.
Chest radiography, the most widely accessible imaging modality, is often the first step in detecting major lung abnormalities like consolidations and pleural effusions. However, its sensitivity can be limited in early infection stages, potentially missing subtle findings. Computed tomography (CT), with its superior sensitivity, is frequently employed in cases where radiographic results are inconclusive. It can detect early-stage abnormalities, including ground-glass opacities and nodules, making it a valuable tool in complex or uncertain cases.
This chapter explores the imaging modalities used in diagnosing bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pulmonary infections. It also addresses the limitations and challenges of these techniques and discusses how imaging findings can guide clinical decision-making, including identifying complications associated with pulmonary infections.
Chest Manifestation of Cardiac Disease
Authors: Eberhard Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Non-electrocardiographically (ECG)-gated chest CT is primarily used for lung evaluation but can also reveal critical cardiovascular findings. Significant incidental cardiac findings may include chamber enlargement, cardiac shunts (both intracardiac and extracardiac), valvular disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial and pericardial abnormalities, and cardiac masses. Cardiac conditions can also cause secondary effects such as vascular changes, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and alterations in the lung parenchyma. This chapter discusses common cardiac manifestations seen on non-ECG-gated chest CT.
Diseases of the Pleura and Chest Wall
Authors: Naeger David M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The pleura is comprised of a visceral and parietal layer. The potential space between the two is normally filled with a small amount of physiologic fluid. The visceral pleura invaginates to form fissures, and collectively the pleura allows the lobes of the lungs to move relative to each other and the chest wall during respiration. In diseased states, this potential space can fill with abnormal amounts, or atypical types, of fluid.
The pleura can become thickened, often in response to infection, inflammation, or exposures. Tumors can also arise from the pleura. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a particularly aggressive primary tumor of the pleura, which is associated with asbestos exposure. Owing to lymphatics and vascularity, the pleura can also be the site of tumors deposits from malignancies originating outside the pleura. Ectopic tissues may also be found within the pleural space.
The chest wall is external to the pleura, and it is comprised of skin, various fat layers, fascia, muscles, nerves, lymphatics, and bone. Primary tumors, both benign and malignant, and metastases can involve the various layers of the chest wall. There are a few specific pathologies that are unique to the chest wall, which will be reviewed. As a final category, there are a few disease entities, mostly infection and cancer, which can affect both the pleura and the chest wall simultaneously.
Imaging in Patients with Non-fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Prosch Helmut , Roos Justus E. , Ebner Lukas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include over 200 conditions affecting the lung parenchyma. ILDs are classified as non-fibrosing or fibrosing, with many fibrosing forms initially presenting as inflammatory and only progressing to fibrosis over time. Diagnosing ILDs is challenging due to their variety and rarity, with CT scans playing a key role in the process, though final diagnoses are made through multidisciplinary team discussions. Biopsies are generally avoided unless CT results are inconclusive or conflict with clinical findings, emphasizing the importance of a thorough CT protocol and approach.
The systematic evaluation of CT scans for suspected ILD involves a three-step approach: first, describing parenchymal abnormalities; second, assessing extraparenchymal findings such as pleural and mediastinal structures; and finally, determining the differential diagnosis based on the distribution of these findings. Parenchymal abnormalities are divided into decreased lung densities (e.g., emphysema, cysts) and increased lung densities (e.g., ground-glass opacities, consolidations). These findings should follow the Fleischner Society’s terminology for consistency. Extraparenchymal features include abnormalities in the airways, pleura, and mediastinum, as well as possible extra-thoracic manifestations in organs such as liver or spleen. The distribution of findings, whether in different lung zones or within the secondary pulmonary lobule, plays a key role in diagnosing specific diseases, such as differentiating Langerhans cell histiocytosis from lymphangioleiomyomatosis based on cyst location.
Primary School Teachers and the Digital Turn—an Evaluation Study with Lateral Entrants from the Teacher Training Programme of TU Dresden
Authors: Germer Peggy , Oertel Dagmar , Krone Malte 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When the COVID-19 pandemic began, face-to-face teacher education at TU Dresden had to be converted almost overnight into digital education. This digital turn had a particularly strong impact on the Lateral Entry Teacher Education Programme (LETE). The present study focuses on the subjective perceptions of successful learning and helpful support of elementary teacher-students from TU Dresden. It was the main purpose to consider the effect of online-education and adult-education on the pragmatism as a theoretical basis for learning by experience and developing. The results should help with realigned the TU Dresden LETE course concept and practices for future terms. Through a digital qualitative-quantitative questionnaire the data were collected. The lateral entrants’ responses were analyzed using a computer-assisted qualitative content analysis package. This identified learning points within four main themes: (web-based) learning resources, collaboration resources and support structures required by teacher-students and lecturers. Based on the present study, the initial conditions, perceptions and reported experiences of the lateral entrants involved, as well as the adaptations they faced, are outlined and considered.
Final Remarks—Navigating a Global Challenge: Understanding Teacher Shortages from a Multifaceted Perspective
Authors: Gehrmann Axel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Teacher shortages in an international perspective present a multi-faceted challenge that demands nuanced solutions. By dissecting the complexities of the revolving door phenomenon and considering region-specific factors, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of teacher shortages. Lessons drawn from the experiences of eleven countries (Australia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Germany, Ireland, Japan Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States) offer valuable insights for global policymakers, educators, and researchers seeking sustainable solutions to ensure a robust future for education worldwide.
Unimodular totally disconnected locally compact groups of rational discrete cohomological dimension one
Authors: Castellano Ilaria , Marchionna Bianca , Weigel Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is shown that a Stallings–Swan theorem holds in a totally disconnected locally compact (= t.d.l.c.) context (cf. Theorem B). More precisely, a compactly generated

$${\mathcal{C}\mathcal{O}}$$

C
O

-bounded t.d.l.c. group G of rational discrete cohomological dimension less than or equal to 1 must be isomorphic to the fundamental group of a finite graph of profinite groups. This result generalises Dunwoody’s rational version of the classical Stallings–Swan theorem to t.d.l.c. groups. The proof of Theorem B is based on the fact that a compactly generated unimodular t.d.l.c. group with rational discrete cohomological dimension 1 has necessarily non-positive Euler–Poincaré characteristic (cf. Theorem H).
Deformation theory for finite cluster complexes
Authors: Ilten Nathan , Nájera Chávez Alfredo , Treffinger Hipolito 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the deformation theory of the Stanley–Reisner rings associated to cluster complexes for skew-symmetrizable cluster algebras of geometric and finite cluster type. In particular, we show that in the skew-symmetric case, these cluster complexes are unobstructed, generalizing a result of Ilten and Christophersen in the

$$A_n$$

A
n

case. We also study the connection between cluster algebras with universal coefficients and cluster complexes. We show that for a full rank positively graded cluster algebra

$$\mathcal {A}$$

A

of geometric and finite cluster type, the cluster algebra

$$\mathcal {A}^\textrm{univ}$$

A

univ

with universal coefficients may be recovered as the universal family over a partial closure of a torus orbit in a multigraded Hilbert scheme. Likewise, we show that under suitable hypotheses, the cluster algebra

$$\mathcal {A}^\textrm{univ}$$

A

univ

may be recovered as the coordinate ring for a certain torus-invariant semiuniversal deformation of the Stanley–Reisner ring of the cluster complex. We apply these results to show that for any cluster algebra

$$\mathcal {A}$$

A

of geometric and finite cluster type,

$$\mathcal {A}$$

A

is Gorenstein, and

$$\mathcal {A}$$

A

is unobstructed if it is skew-symmetric. Moreover, if

$$\mathcal {A}$$

A

has enough frozen variables then it has no non-trivial torus-invariant deformations. We also study the Gröbner theory of the ideal of relations among cluster and frozen variables of

$$\mathcal {A}$$

A

. As a byproduct we generalize previous results in this setting obtained by Bossinger, Mohammadi and Nájera Chávez for Grassmannians of planes and

$${{\,\textrm{Gr}\,}}(3,6)$$

Gr

(
3
,
6
)

.
Existence of solutions for 1-laplacian problems with singular first order terms
Authors: Balducci Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We prove existence of solutions to the following problem

$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta _1 u +g(u)|Du|=h(u)f & \text {in } \Omega ,\\ u=0 & \text {on } \partial \Omega , \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$

-

Δ
1

u
+
g

(
u
)

|
D
u
|

=
h

(
u
)

f

in

Ω
,

u
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

where

$$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

, with

$$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

, is an open and bounded set with Lipschitz boundary, g is a continuous and positive function which possibly blows up at the origin and bounded at infinity and h is a continuous and nonnegative function bounded at infinity (possibly blowing up at the origin) and finally

$$0 \le f \in L^N(\Omega )$$

0
≤
f
∈

L
N

(
Ω
)

. As a by-product, this paper extends the results found where g is a continuous and bounded function. We investigate the interplay between g and h in order to have existence of solutions.
Assessment of sacroiliitis using zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging: a comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Bayrak Yunus Emre , Özer Törehan , Anik Yonca , Balci Sibel , Aydin Duygu , Şahin Nihal , Sönmez Hafize Emine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), a subset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is characterized by frequent involvement of the sacroiliac (SI) joints.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of zero echo time (ZTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying structural lesions in patients with ERA. Conventional MRI pulse sequences often struggle to adequately visualize osseous and calcified tissues.

Materials and methods
All MRI examinations were conducted using a 1.5-T (T) scanner. The MRI protocol included standard sequences such as fat-suppressed axial T2-weighted, axial T1-weighted, coronal short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and axial T2-weighted sequences. In addition to conventional MRI, a ZTE sequence was employed. Low-dose computed tomography (CT) served as the reference standard and was performed using a 640-multislice CT device. Structural lesions, including erosions, sclerosis, and changes in joint space, were compared between imaging modalities.

Results
A total of 20 patients were included in the study (12 boys, 8 girls), with a median age at diagnosis of 14 years. ZTE-MRI demonstrated similar sensitivity to low-dose CT in detecting erosion (7 vs 8, P = 0.707). The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between low-dose CT and ZTE-MRI was 0.993 (P < 0.001), indicating excellent agreement. Moreover, ZTE-MRI showed strong agreement with low-dose CT in detecting sclerosis (ICC = 0.954, P < 0.001) and changes in joint space (ICC = 0.998, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Zero echo time imaging shows promise in providing sacroiliac joint visualization comparable to low-dose CT scans, thereby improving the detection of subtle erosion and sclerosis in these joints.

Graphical Abstract
Interactions among wildtype and heat-evolved photosymbionts shape performance of coral recruits
Authors: Ivory Elizabeth A. , Mieog Jos C. , Nitschke Matthew R. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Abrego David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change has driven many coral reef ecosystems to the brink of collapse as extreme temperature events cause widespread bleaching and mortality. Interventions that boost coral resilience are being developed to help restore reefs, and one such intervention is the manipulation of a coral’s symbiotic algae (which greatly affects their host’s physiology). New experimentally evolved symbiont strains have shown promise in increasing their host’s thermal tolerance, but how they will perform in juvenile corals when other strains are present is unclear. This study investigates the uptake and establishment of experimentally evolved Cladocopium proliferum and Durusdinium trenchii in mixed inocula and describes the effects hosting multiple symbiont strains has on the growth and survival of juvenile corals. Our results reveal that while both strains in the mixed culture inocula were taken up, most recruits were dominated by D. trenchii. Corals hosting D. trenchii over C. proliferum also displayed faster growth despite previous studies showing the opposite. We show that the costs and benefits of hosting mixed communities are highly dependent on the identities of the individual strains therein and suggest the compatibility of symbiont–symbiont–host assemblages should be assessed before being used for restoration.
Flexion–extension cervical MRI imaging in pediatric patients with achondroplasia unsupervised by neurosurgery or radiology, is it safe?
Authors: Masarwy Aseel , Watterson Christopher , Tuchman Alexander , Danielpour Moise 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and purpose
Achondroplasia, a common form of skeletal dysplasia, can be associated with cervical spine compression and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow compromise, potentially leading to neurological complications. Accurate assessment of the cervical spine is essential for identifying children at increased risk of neurological injury. However, concerns regarding the safety of dynamic MRI under anesthesia in young children have limited its use. This study evaluates the safety of dynamic MRI under anesthesia in pediatric patients with achondroplasia, utilizing the largest dataset reported to date.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 81 patients with achondroplasia who underwent a total of 124 flexion–extension MRIs under anesthesia. All imaging procedures were performed by MR technologists and anesthesiologists without direct supervision by a neurosurgeon or radiologist. Data reviewed included anesthesia type, neurological examinations by a senior pediatric neurosurgeon before and after imaging, surgical intervention, follow-up MRIs, and the presence of CSF obstruction at the craniocervical junction.

Results
A total of 81 patient charts were reviewed (mean age, 2.03 ± 2 years; age range, 1 month to 6 years). Of the 124 flexion–extension MRIs, 113 were performed under general anesthesia, and 11 under sedation alone. Foramen magnum stenosis with CSF flow compromise was documented in 38 cases (46%). No adverse events, neurological deficits, or anesthesia-related complications were documented. Neurological examinations conducted by the senior author, a pediatric neurosurgeon, before and after imaging remained stable across all cases.

Conclusion
Flexion–extension MRI did not result in adverse outcomes in this cohort of pediatric patients with achondroplasia. While these findings support the dynamic MRI’s safety in appropriate settings, further studies are needed to validate these results and explore its broader application.
Prognostic value of folate-associated gene expression in stage II colon cancer
Authors: Kaidi Donia , Odin Elisabeth , Wettergren Yvonne , Bexe Lindskog Elinor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Prognostic variability in stage II colon cancer underscores the need for better risk stratification. Analyzing folate-associated gene expression in stage II colon cancer could provide researchers and clinicians with deeper insights into tumor biology and potentially aid in identifying early prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers.

Methods
Patients with stage II colon cancer and recurrence (n = 48) were matched to patients with a 5 year recurrence-free follow-up (n = 133). Gene expression of ABCC3, AMT, FPGS, GGH, MFT, PCFT, RFC-1, and TYMS was analyzed in tumor tissue and matching colon mucosa using qPCR and evaluated in relation to time to recurrence (TTR), as well as to demographic and clinicopathological variables.

Results
Independent of other covariates, TYMS expression in tumors, pT4 stage, and emergency surgery were associated with TTR. There were significant differences in expression levels of all examined genes between tumor and mucosa. ABCC3, GGH, and RFC-1 expression levels differed in mucosa between microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) compared to microsatellite stable/microsatellite instability-low (MSS/MSI-L) tumors, whereas tumoral expression of AMT, GGH, and TYMS differed between MSI-H and MSS/MSI-L tumors. Depending on tumor location, the expression of ABCC3, AMT, GGH, and RFC-1 in mucosa, as well as the tumoral expression of AMT, GGH, PCFT and RFC-1 differed.

Conclusion
Low tumoral expression of TYMS was associated with worse TTR, independent of MSI status, pT stage, and emergency surgery. The indication of a better outcome for patients with MSI-H status and high tumoral TYMS expression might be of particular interest in the stratification of patients for immunotherapy.
Notfallmedizinische Betreuung am Spielfeldrand. Best-Practice-Beispiel zur UEFA-Fußballeuropameisterschaft der Herren 2024
Authors: Becht Andreas , Heitkötter Kalle , Hussmann Thomas , Blecker Ulf , Palmer Romy , Tesche Clara , Potempa Tim , Skorning Max , Otto Sandra , Brüls Michael , Michael Mark 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Einführung
Für den internationalen Spielbetrieb im Fußball existieren Vorgaben der Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) für die medizinische Betreuung. Für die spezielle notfallmedizinische Versorgung zum Beispiel bei einem plötzlichen Herztod („sudden cardiac arrest“ [SCA]) existieren ebenfalls Empfehlungen zur Notfallversorgung. Besondere organisatorische Herausforderungen bestanden im Rahmen der Fußballeuropameisterschaft der Herren (UEFA EURO 2024) zur Notfallversorgung im Stadion und auf dem Spielfeld.

Methoden
In der Vorbereitung der UEFA EURO 2024 in Deutschland wurde für den Standort Düsseldorf ein umfangreiches Sicherheitskonzept entwickelt, welches auch eine spezielle notfallmedizinische Versorgung am Spielfeldrand vorsah. Spezielle Versorgungsalgorithmen wurden hierbei erstellt und trainiert.

Ergebnisse
Während der fünf Spieltage in der Arena Düsseldorf wurde eine einzelne Hilfeleistung am Spielfeldrand dokumentiert. Die Erfahrung mit dem ausgearbeiteten Versorgungskonzept wurde jedoch äußerst positiv bewertet.

Diskussion
Die entwickelten und trainierten Konzepte zur notfallmedizinischen Versorgung am Spielfeldrand können als Best-Practice-Beispiel für weitere Sportveranstaltungen dienen, sowohl für die Einsatzorganisation als auch medizinisch.