bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Heat Dissipation and Elasticity of Suspended Silicon Nanowires Revealed by Dual Scanning Electron and Thermal Microscopies
Authors: Sojo‐Gordillo Jose M. , Gadea‐Diez Gerard , Renahy David , Salleras Marc , Duque‐Sierra Carolina , Vincent Pascal , Fonseca Luis , Chapuis Pierre‐Olivier , Morata Alex , Gomès Séverine , Tarancón Albert 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA novel combined setup, with a scanning thermal microscope (SThM) embedded in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), is used to characterize a suspended silicon rough nanowire (NW), which is epitaxially clamped at both sides and therefore monolithically integrated in a microfabricated device. The rough nature of the NW surface, which prohibits vacuum‐SThM due to loose contact for heat dissipation, is circumvented by decorating the NW with periodic platinum dots. Reproducible approaches over these dots, enabled by the live feedback image provided by the SEM, yield a strong improvement in thermal contact resistance and a higher accuracy in its estimation. The results—thermal resistance at the tip‐sample contact of 188±3.7K µW−1and thermal conductivity of the NW of 13.7±1.6W m−1K−1—are obtained by performing a series of approach curves on the dots. Noteworthy, the technique allows measuring elastic properties at the same time—the moment of inertia of the NW is found to be (6.1±1.0) × 10−30m4—which permits to correlate the respective effects of the rough shell on heat dissipation and on the NW stiffness. The work highlights the capabilities of the dual SThM/SEM instrument, in particular the interest of systematic approach curves with well‐positioned and monitored tip motion.
Interfacial Electron Potential Well Facilitates the Design of Cobalt Phosphide Heterojunctions for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cao Xiaofei , Tian Jingzhuo , Tan Yuan , Zhu Yucheng , Hu Jun , Wang Yao , Liu Enzhou , Chen Zhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe interfacial electron modulation of electrocatalysts is an effective way to realize efficient hydrogen production, which is of great importance for future renewable energy systems. However, systematic theory‐guided design of catalysts in heterojunction coupling is lacking. In this work, a multi‐level theoretical calculation is performed to screen optimal candidates to form a heterojunction with CoP (101) surface for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. To overcome the weak adsorption of H+ on CoP (101), rational design of electrons potential well at the heterojunction interface can effectively enhance the hydrogen adsorption. All p‐type cobalt‐based phosphides are considered potential candidates at the beginning. After screening for conductivity, stability, interface matching screening, and ΔGH* evaluation, the CoP/Co2P‐H system is identified to be able to display optimal hydrogen production performance. To verify the theoretical design, CoP, CoP/Co2P‐H, and CoP/Co2P‐O are synthesized and the electrochemical analysis is carried out. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance is consistent with the prediction. This work utilizes the electron potential well effect and multi‐level screening calculations to design highly efficient heterojunction catalysts, which can provide useful theoretical guidance for the rational design of heterojunction‐type catalysts.
Toward Practical Alloy Anode Based Solid State Batteries
Authors: Mahajani Varad , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlloy‐based anodes are regarded as safer and higher capacity alternatives to lithium metal and commercial graphite anodes respectively. However, their commercialization is hindered by poor stability and irreversible loss of active material during cycling. Combining non‐flammable and electrochemically stable solid‐state electrolytes with high‐capacity alloy anodes has chemo‐mechanical benefits that can address these long‐standing issues. The distinctive interfacial characteristics of solid‐state electrolytes reduce the impact of volume variation and dynamic reconstruction of the solid‐electrolyte‐interphase, thereby realizing the best of both worlds. In this perspective, the interfacial underpinnings for alloy anode based solid‐state batteries that are crucial for their success are discussed. The goal is to update the audience with key recent findings that can lay the foundation for future research work in this area. The relevant steps toward commercialization of alloy anode based solid‐state batteries are also discussed, starting from bulk and interface architectures to electrode composite preparation and final cell assembly.
A precisely Assembled Wall‐Like Architecture for High Lithium/Sodium Storage
Authors: Xiao Jiajia , Lin Shengxuan , Cai Zihe , Zhang Ning , Hu Xiaobin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMXene nanosheets and ordered porous carbons both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Assembling and combining the advantages of the two will be a good choice for battery electrode hosts of active materials. In this work, an electrostatic separation‐adsorption strategy is proposed to realize the ordered alternating self‐assembly of MXene nanosheets and ordered porous carbon (MPOC), obtaining a unique wall‐like porous material with a high conductivity and interconnected porous nanostructure, which strengthens the transfer rate of electrons and ions simultaneously. Meanwhile, the introduction of N‐doping from porous carbon into MPOC prolongs the cycle life. When use red phosphorus (RP) as active materials, the MPOC@RP anode exhibited high‐capacity output (2454.3 and 2408.1 mAh g−1 in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) at 0.1 C) and long cycle life (the decay rates per cycle of 0.028% and 0.036% after 1500 and 1200 cycles at 2 C in LIBs and SIBs respectively). The successful application in RP anodes displays great potential in other electrode materials such as silicon, sulfur, selenium, and so on. Meanwhile, this strategy is also effective to design other composites materials like MXene and carbon nanotubes, MXene and Graphene, and so on.
Effects of informant replacement in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials
Authors: Nishida Mikaela K. , Nuño Michelle M. , Grill Joshua D. , Gillen Daniel L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) trials require enrollment with an informant.METHODSWe assessed relationships between informant replacement and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living (ADCS‐ADL) scores across four AD trials. Using generalized estimating equations, we examined associations between replacement and change in ADCS‐ADL between successive visits. We used analysis of covariance to estimate the association between replacement and 18‐month change from baseline, and an F‐test to compare the variance of this change.RESULTSAmong 1336 participants, 63 (≈5%) experienced replacement. Between‐visit mean change in ADCS‐ADL was 2.44 points lower comparing replacement to stable informants (95% confidence interval [CI]: –3.91, –0.98). The difference in between‐visit mean absolute change was 2.38 points (95% CI: 1.24, 3.52). Replacement was not significantly associated with an 18‐month change from baseline. The ratio of variances (replacement/stable) was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.99).DISCUSSIONInformant replacement is associated with bias and increased variability between visits and increased variance for overall ADCS‐ADL.
Biocultural Diversity in Italy
Authors: Nazari Vazrick , Belardinelli Sofia , Pieroni Andrea , Motti Riccardo , Chiarucci Alessandro , Bisol Giovanni Destro , Vacchiano Giorgio , Bortolini Eugenio , Mezzavilla Massimo , Garaffa Luigi , Pievani Dietelmo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs an initial step in more extensive research into the links between biological and cultural diversity in present-day Italy, we reviewed Biocultural Diversity studies that explore the relationship between biological and cultural patterns of diversity to determine whether any direct causal relationships or common drivers could be inferred. We found no significant attempts to quantitatively measure biocultural diversity in the country as a whole. Italy shows a high number of mutual interactions, but common drivers and patterns between biological and cultural diversity were not evident. This could be either a problem of quantification due perhaps to an inherent incommensurability between the two dimensions, or different causative patterns that drive biological and cultural diversity.
Exploring the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Group Chanting in Australia: Reduced Stress, Cortisol and Enhanced Social Connection
Authors: Perry Gemma , Polito Vince , Thompson William Forde 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChanting, an ancient ritual practiced in diverse cultures and traditions worldwide, has typically been employed for meditation, healing, self-awareness, and psychological growth. However, there is little understanding of the physiological and psychological benefits of chanting, and how vocalization might contribute to such effects. This study aimed to determine whether 12-minutes of group chanting, through vocal or silent repetition of the sound “om,“ would reduce stress and anxiety, while increasing feelings of social connection, and whether vocal chanting would yield stronger effects. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to vocal or silent group chanting conditions. Saliva samples were collected before and after chanting to assess cortisol levels, while self-report measures included the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Adapted Self-Report Altruism Scale (including additional items on cross-cultural altruism). Following chanting, participants also provided a written description of their experiences. Both vocal and silent chanting resulted in significant decreases in cortisol levels and self-reported anxiety. The reduction in cortisol was similar for vocal and silent chanting, but self-reported anxiety decreased more following vocal chanting. Altruism scores increased following both vocal and silent chanting. However, there was no evidence of altruistic tendencies extending toward people from a culture other than one’s own. Results are discussed in relation to the phenomenology of chanting, and to current theory and evidence on the physiological and psychological effects of chanting and singing.
Influence of intrinsic decoherence on quantum metrology of two atomic systems in the presence of dipole–dipole interaction
Authors: Abdel-Wahab N. H. , Ibrahim T. A. S. , Amin Magdy E. , Salah Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the dynamics behavior of a two atomic qubits (two two-level atoms) exposed to a dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) under rotating wave approximation (RWA). Each atom resonantly interacts with the vacuum cavity field via one-photon hopping. We assume that the two atoms and field are initially prepared in their excited state and vacuum state, respectively. An exact solution of Milburn equation is given, and then we study a non-classical statistical properties in the full range of decoherence parameters. In the absence and presence of intrinsic decoherence, the influence of dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) on the degree of entanglement between atom-field and atom-atom are evaluated through different entanglement measures, namely, von Neumann reduced entropy and concurrence, respectively. The influence of DDI on geometrical quantum discord (GQD) are discussed. Furthermore, we estimate the sensitive of the atomic system under variation of DDI parameter via the quantum Fisher information.
Improving the physical and optical characteristics of Zinc doped borate glass for bone replacement
Authors: Salatein N. M. , Abdelghany A. M. , Fahim I. S. , ElHussiny F. A. , Abdou Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe presented study explores the potential of zinc-doped modified borate glass as a biomaterial for bone bonding applications. The glass samples were prepared using a melt quenching technique with a definite composition of (45-x) B2O3–24.5Na2O–24.5CaO–6P2O5–xZnO, where x = 1, 2, 5, 7.5, and 10 (wt.%) and soaked in SBF for extended periods to explore their suitability for bone bonding applications. XRD and FTIR analysis were used to examine the structural properties of the samples before and after immersion in SBF. XRD analysis of the prepared samples reveals their amorphous nature before immersion. However, after four weeks of immersion, the XRD spectra show a reduction in the broad band observed at 2θ angles between 20 and 35°, indicating increased crystallization and the formation of a HA layer. FTIR data demonstrates significant modifications in the spectra after immersion, including the disappearance of certain bands and an increase in bands related to (BO4) units. Additionally, the appearance of a new band at approximately 561 cm−1 confirms the formation of crystalline apatite. SEM images confirm the morphological changes, with a transition from a rough surface to a cotton shape, indicative of apatite formation. Electronic spectrum measurements (UV/Vis) were used to assess the samples' optical characteristics, showing that increasing Zn content decreases the optical energy gap, indicating improved optical properties. These findings highlight the structural, morphological, and optical changes induced by zinc ion doping and immersion in SBF, making it a more viable option for bone replacement.
The interplay between cell wall integrity and cell cycle progression in plants
Authors: Soni Nancy , Bacete Laura 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant cell walls are dynamic structures that play crucial roles in growth, development, and stress responses. Despite our growing understanding of cell wall biology, the connections between cell wall integrity (CWI) and cell cycle progression in plants remain poorly understood. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between CWI and cell cycle progression in plants, drawing insights from studies in yeast and mammals. We provide an overview of the plant cell cycle, highlight the role of endoreplication in cell wall composition, and discuss recent findings on the molecular mechanisms linking CWI perception to cell wall biosynthesis and gene expression regulation. Furthermore, we address future perspectives and unanswered questions in the field, such as the identification of specific CWI sensing mechanisms and the role of CWI maintenance in the growth-defense trade-off. Elucidating these connections could have significant implications for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.
Signifiers of Bildung, the Curriculum and the Democratisation of Public Education
Authors: Bergheim Pedro Vincent Dias 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article argues that curriculum work can benefit from signifiers of Bildung to promote democracy in public education. The argument is built on the premise that cultural and intellectual traditions that value Bildung presume a link between the inner cultivation of the individual and the development of better societies (Horlacher 2017). I start by presenting Mouffe’s (2000) democratic paradox and how pluralism is the defining feature of liberal democracies. Based on how curriculum work is a standard of public education (Hopmann 1999), I state that the curriculum must formalise pluralism in education and convey the democratic paradox in educational terms. With reference to Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory, I then argue that such a laborious task can be achieved in the curriculum with the aid of signifiers of Bildung. Signifiers of Bildung are discursively empty and cannot acquire a definite meaning. Because of this, they make it possible to speak of the student and the society of liberal democracies while impeding a too narrow comprehension of what they are and ought to be. Therefore, to implement signifiers of Bildung in the curriculum can help establish both a standard of public education and limits to popular sovereignty. However, their use must undergo careful scrutiny, and teachers must remain free to interpret them.
The Early HOSPITAL Score to Predict 30-Day Readmission Soon After Hospitalization: a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Mathys Philippe , Bütikofer Lukas , Genné Daniel , Leuppi Jörg D. , Mancinetti Marco , John Gregor , Aujesky Drahomir , Donzé Jacques D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The simplified HOSPITAL score is an easy-to-use prediction model to identify patients at high risk of 30-day readmission before hospital discharge. An earlier stratification of this risk would allow more preparation time for transitional care interventions.

Objective
To assess whether the simplified HOSPITAL score would perform similarly by using hemoglobin and sodium level at the time of admission instead of discharge.

Design
Prospective national multicentric cohort study.

Participants
In total, 934 consecutively discharged medical inpatients from internal general services.

Main Measures
We measured the composite of the first unplanned readmission or death within 30 days after discharge of index admission and compared the performance of the simplified score with lab at discharge (simplified HOSPITAL score) and lab at admission (early HOSPITAL score) according to their discriminatory power (Area Under the Receiver Operating characteristic Curve (AUROC)) and the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI).

Key Results
During the study period, a total of 3239 patients were screened and 934 included. In total, 122 (13.2%) of them had a 30-day unplanned readmission or death. The simplified and the early versions of the HOSPITAL score both showed very good accuracy (Brier score 0.11, 95%CI 0.10–0.13). Their AUROC were 0.66 (95%CI 0.60–0.71), and 0.66 (95%CI 0.61–0.71), respectively, without a statistical difference (p value 0.79). Compared with the model at discharge, the model with lab at admission showed improvement in classification based on the continuous NRI (0.28; 95%CI 0.08 to 0.48; p value 0.004).

Conclusion
The early HOSPITAL score performs, at least similarly, in identifying patients at high risk for 30-day unplanned readmission and allows a readmission risk stratification early during the hospital stay. Therefore, this new version offers a timely preparation of transition care interventions to the patients who may benefit the most.
Strongly Coupled Ag/Sn–SnO2 Nanosheets Toward CO2 Electroreduction to Pure HCOOH Solutions at Ampere-Level Current
Authors: Zhang Min , Cao Aihui , Xiang Yucui , Ban Chaogang , Han Guang , Ding Junjie , Gan Li-Yong , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 converts intermittent renewable electricity into value-added liquid products with an enticing prospect, but its practical application is hampered due to the lack of high-performance electrocatalysts. Herein, we elaborately design and develop strongly coupled nanosheets composed of Ag nanoparticles and Sn–SnO2 grains, designated as Ag/Sn–SnO2 nanosheets (NSs), which possess optimized electronic structure, high electrical conductivity, and more accessible sites. As a result, such a catalyst exhibits unprecedented catalytic performance toward CO2-to-formate conversion with near-unity faradaic efficiency (≥ 90%), ultrahigh partial current density (2,000 mA cm−2), and superior long-term stability (200 mA cm−2, 200 h), surpassing the reported catalysts of CO2 electroreduction to formate. Additionally, in situ attenuated total reflection-infrared spectra combined with theoretical calculations revealed that electron-enriched Sn sites on Ag/Sn–SnO2 NSs not only promote the formation of *OCHO and alleviate the energy barriers of *OCHO to *HCOOH, but also impede the desorption of H*. Notably, the Ag/Sn–SnO2 NSs as the cathode in a membrane electrode assembly with porous solid electrolyte layer reactor can continuously produce ~ 0.12 M pure HCOOH solution at 100 mA cm−2 over 200 h. This work may inspire further development of advanced electrocatalysts and innovative device systems for promoting practical application of producing liquid fuels from CO2.
Do We Look Material? Human Ontology and Perceptual Evidence
Authors: Segal Aaron 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccording to certain views about human ontology, the way we seem is very different from the way we are. The appearances are a threat to such views. Here I take up and defuse the threat to one such view.Pure immaterialism says that each of us is wholly immaterial. The appearances suggest otherwise. I argue that despite the fact that we might sometimes appear to be at least partly material, and that we can be perceptually justified in believing something solely on the basis of having a perceptual experience as of its being the case, none of us is ever perceptually justified in believing that we are even partly material (or that we’re not). Bottom line: we might be able to know whether we’re material, but we can’t know just bylooking.
dCNN/dCAM: anomaly precursors discovery in multivariate time series with deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Boniol Paul , Meftah Mohammed , Remy Emmanuel , Didier Bruno , Palpanas Themis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Detection of defects and identification of symptoms in monitoring industrial systems is a widely studied problem with applications in a wide range of domains. Most of the monitored information extracted from systems corresponds to data series (or time series), where the evolution of values through one or multiple dimensions directly illustrates its health state. Thus, an automatic anomaly detection method in data series becomes crucial. In this article, we propose a novel method based on a convolutional neural network to detect precursors of anomalies in multivariate data series. Our contribution is twofold: We first describe a new convolutional architecture dedicated to multivariate data series classification; We then propose a novel method that returns dCAM, a dimension-wise Class Activation Map specifically designed for multivariate time series that can be used to identify precursors when used for classifying normal and abnormal data series. Experiments with several synthetic datasets demonstrate that dCAM is more accurate than previous classification approaches and a viable solution for discriminant feature discovery and classification explanation in multivariate time series. We then experimentally evaluate our approach on a real and challenging use case dedicated to identifying vibration precursors on pumps in nuclear power plants.
Association of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine booster with control of a COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care facility in Switzerland, November to December 2021
Authors: Leiblein Thomas W. , Winistörfer Annemarie , Seiler Kurt , Hauri Rudolf , Sommerstein Rami 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in long-term care facilities are often correlated with high case fatality rates. We describe the association of administration of an mRNA booster with the control of an outbreak. Our findings highlight the possibility of vaccine booster early in an outbreak as a promising method to mitigate the spread of infection.