bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial base changes following coronal suturectomy in craniosynostotic rabbits
Authors: Putz DA , Smith TD , Burrows AM , Cooper GM , Dechant J , Losken HW , Siegel MI , Mooney MP 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt has been suggested that surgical release of synostosed sutures may ameliorate various cranial base abnormalities in craniosynostotic patients. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis in a rabbit model with familial coronal suture synostosis (CSS). Data were collected from 56 New Zealand White rabbits: 32 unaffected controls, 11 with unoperated CSS, and 13 with CSS released by suturectomy performed at 25 days of age. Serial radiographs were taken at 25, 42 and 84 days. Linear, angular and triangular shape cranial base measurements were compared using ANOVA and tensor biometric analysis. Results revealed that at 84 days, both groups of CSS rabbits had significantly (p < 0.05) different anterior and total cranial base lengths, flatter cranial base angles, and dysmorphic anterior cranial base shapes when compared with normals. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were noted only for palatal and cranial base angles and posterior cranial base shape between CSS rabbits with and without suturectomy. However, significant (p < 0.05) changes were noted between pre‐ and post‐operative measurements in posterior and total cranial base lengths and anterior and posterior cranial base shapes in CSS rabbits with suturectomy. Results revealed that surgical release of synostosed coronal sutures through suturectomy did not normalize cranial base growth patterns in CSS rabbits. These findings may be explained by the relatively late age of surgical release or suturectomy site resynostosis with continued dysmorphic cranial base growth. Alternatively, cranial base abnormalities seen in CSS rabbits may be early primary malformations, not secondary deformations amenable to surgical modification.
Structural biology of C1: dissection of a complex molecular machinery
Authors: Arlaud Gérard J. , Gaboriaud Christine , Thielens Nicole M. , Rossi Véronique , Bersch Beate , Hernandez Jean‐François , Fontecilla‐Camps Juan C. 
Published: March 2003

Summary:The classical pathway of complement is initiated by the C1 complex, a multimolecular protease comprising a recognition subunit (C1q) and two modular serine proteases (C1r and C1s) associated as a Ca2+‐dependent tetramer (C1s‐C1r‐C1r‐C1s). Early studies have allowed identification of specialized functional domains in these proteins and have led to low‐resolution models of the C1 complex. The objective of current studies is to gain deeper insights into the structure of C1, and the strategy used for this purpose mainly consists of dissecting the C1 components into modular fragments, in order to solve their three‐dimensional structure and establish the structural correlates of their function. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the structural and functional information generated by this approach, with particular emphasis on the domains involved in the assembly, the recognition function, and the highly specific proteolytic properties of C1.The original work cited in this review was supported in part by the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and the European Union Biotechnology programme.
Gastrointestinal eosinophils
Authors: Rothenberg Marc E. , Mishra Anil , Brandt Eric B. , Hogan Simon P. 
Published: March 2003

Summary: The gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is composed of lymphocytes residing in Peyer's patches, lamina propria, and intraepithelial compartments. In addition to these features which distinguish GALT from other peripheral sites of the immune system, the gastrointestinal immune system is also composed of resident eosinophils. Eosinophils are generally considered to be peripheral blood leukocytes that have an important pro‐inflammatory role in various immune disorders. Although most research concerning this cell has focused on understanding its trafficking and function in the blood and lung, recent studies have also started to elucidate its regulation and function in the gastrointestinal tract. Interestingly, eosinophil numbers in the gastrointestinal tract are substantially higher than in other tissues. At baseline (healthy conditions), most eosinophils reside in the lamina propria in the stomach and intestine. Eosinophil homing to these sites occurs during embryonic development and their levels in perinatal mice are comparable to those in adults, indicating that their homing is not dependent upon the presence of intestinal flora. Furthermore, eosinophil localization to the lamina propria at baseline is critically regulated by eotaxin, a chemokine constitutively expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Although eotaxin is required for eosinophil homing, its expression in the esophagus is not sufficient for eosinophil accumulation, since this organ is devoid of eosinophils at baseline. During Th2‐associated inflammatory conditions (e.g. interleukin (IL)‐5 overexpression or oral allergen challenge), marked increases of eosinophils occur not only in the lamina propria but also in Peyer's patches. The accumulation of Peyer's patch eosinophils, which mainly occurs in the outer cortex and interfollicular regions, is critically regulated by IL‐5 and less significantly by eotaxin, suggesting the involvement of other eosinophil chemokines in this lymphoid compartment. Preliminary investigations have shown that gastrointestinal eosinophils express the α4β7 integrin and that this molecule is responsible, in part, for eosinophil homing. In summary, eosinophils are resident cells of the gastrointestinal immune system whose levels can be induced by antigen exposure under Th2 conditions, in a manner that is critically regulated by eotaxin and IL‐5. We propose that eosinophils are integral members of the gastrointestinal immune system and are likely to be important in innate, regulatory and inflammatory immune responses.This work was supported in part by the National Health Medical Research Council (Australia) C.J. Martin Post‐doctoral Fellowship (S.P.H.), the Jaffe Family Fund of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (S.P.H.), NIH grant R01 AI45898 (M.E.R.) and the Human Frontier Science Program (M.E.R.). The authors wish to thank Drs. K. Frank Austen, Mitchell Cohen, Paul Foster, Glenn Furuta, and Nives Zimmermann for helpful discussions, as well as numerous other colleagues.
An architectural perspective on signaling by the pre‐, αβ and γδ T cell receptors
Authors: Hayes Sandra M. , Shores Elizabeth W. , Love Paul E. 
Published: March 2003

Summary:The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multimeric complex composed of an antigen‐binding clonotypic heterodimer and a signal transducing complex consisting of the CD3 dimers (CD3γε and CD3δε) and a TCR‐ζ homodimer. In all jawed vertebrates there are two T cell lineages, αβ and γδ, distinguished by the clonotypic subunits contained within their TCRs (TCR‐α and ‐β or TCR‐γ and ‐δ, respectively). A third receptor complex, the preTCR, is only expressed on immature T cells. The preTCR, which contains the invariant pre‐Tα (pTα) chain in lieu of TCR‐α, plays a critical role in the early development of αβ lineage cells. The subunit composition of the signal transducing complexes of the pre‐, αβ‐ and γδTCRs was previously thought to be identical. However, recent data demonstrate that there are significant differences in the signal transducing complexes of these three TCRs. For example, αβTCRs contain both CD3γε and CD3δε dimers, whereas γδTCRs contain only CD3γε dimers. Moreover, preTCR function appears to be unaffected in the absence of CD3δ, suggesting that CD3δε dimers are dispensable for pre‐TCR assembly. In this review, we summarize current data relating to the subunit composition of the pre‐, αβ‐ and γδTCRs and discuss how these structural differences may impact receptor signaling and αβ/γδ lineage determination.
Baseline and stress levels of cortisol in conscious and unrestrained Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Suzuki Juri , Ohkura Satoshi , Terao Keiji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: A vest and tethering system was applied to Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) to collect blood samples under less stressful conditions. The level of plasma cortisol was assayed to assess the amount of stress. The pattern of plasma cortisol fluctuation during 24 hours was consistent under non‐stress conditions. The plasma cortisol level was increased significantly by encounter and venipuncture. The increase was especially noteworthy when the experimental macaques encountered a large adult male, reflecting the strong stress on macaques. As venipuncture is a common medical procedure, and the encounter between macaques who have never met before occurs frequently, this vest and tethering system is useful for the assessment of the amount of stress in the daily care of macaques in a laboratory.
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the mandible
Authors: Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , Meneses‐García Abelardo , Ruíz‐Godoy Rivera Luz María , De Lourdes Suárez‐Roa María 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article describes a case of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) in a 55‐year‐old woman who presented such a tumor extending from the midline of the mandible to the right first molar. The tumor was surgically excised and has not recurred or metastasized 6 months after surgery. To date, only 33 well‐documented cases have been reported (including the present case) in the English literature. Twenty‐eight (84.8%) have developed in the mandible and five (15.2%) in the maxilla. Eighteen (54.5%) occurred anterior to the first molar. The vast majority have been diagnosed in patients older than 40 years (30/33), and the mean age at diagnosis is 57.4 years (range: 17–89), with a male/female ratio: 1/2. Recurrences have been described in 17 cases (51.5%) and metastasis in 10 (30.3%). Based on its morphologic, histochemical and immunophenotypic features, CCOC should be distinguished from other primary and metastasic clear cell tumors of the oral and maxillofacial regions.
Immunohistochemical evidence of PTEN in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with the histological malignancy grading system
Authors: Squarize Cristiane Helena , Castilho Rogério Moraes , Pinto Décio Santos 
Published: March 2003

Abstract PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a dual phosphatase protein capable of modulating membrane receptors and interaction of the cell and extracellular stimuli. PTEN regulates cell physiology such as division, differentiation/apoptosis and also migration and adhesion. The expression of PTEN was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in OSCC and compared to a well‐established histological malignancy grading system. The well‐differentiated OSCC were 59.1% and poorly differentiated were 40.9%. According to PTEN expression, the cases were 45.5% positive (the entire tumor showed stained), 22.7% mixed (both negative and positive cells were present) and 31.8% negative (no staining was seen in the tumor cells). PTEN expression in OSCC was related to the malignancy grade (P < 0.0005). Aggressive tumors with a high score of malignancy did not express PTEN, and clearly, the PTEN expression was present in the epithelium adjacent to the tumor. Negative cells were in the invasion border of the tumor. This result suggests that PTEN is related to histologic pattern and biological behavior of OSCC and may be a used as a prognostic marker in the future. The role of PTEN during carcinogenesis and as a biomarker should be further investigated.
SPARC stimulates the synthesis of OPG/OCIF, MMP‐2 and DNA in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Fujita Tsuyoshi , Shiba Hideki , Sakata Masatoshi , Uchida Yuushi , Nakamura Shigeo , Kurihara Hidemi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Osteonectin/secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in periodontal ligaments. Therefore, a better understanding of the action of SPARC on periodontal ligament cells could help to elucidate remodelling and repair mechanisms in periodontal tissue. In the present study, we examined the effects of human platelet‐derived SPARC (hp‐SPARC) on the expressions of SPARC and osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OPG/OCIF), alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) production and DNA synthesis in cultures of human periodontal ligament (HPL) cells.Methods:  HPL cells at the sixth passage were exposed to hp‐SPARC. The expression of OPG/OCIF and SPARC mRNAs was examined by Northern blot analysis. The protein levels for OPG/OCIF and MMP‐2 were determined by Western blot analysis. ALPase activity was measured by the method of Bessey et al. DNA synthesis was estimated by incorporation of [3H]thymidine.Results:  Hp‐SPARC enhanced OPG/OCIF synthesis at the protein and mRNA levels. Hp‐SPARC also enhanced DNA and MMP‐2 synthesis dose‐dependently, but had little effect on ALPase activity and SPARC mRNA expression.Conclusion:  SPARC may play a role in remodelling and repair of periodontal tissue by promoting proliferation and MMP‐2 production. It may also regulate osteoclast formation through OPG/OCIF in periodontal ligament cells.
The effect of diabetes mellitus on the expression of Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in mucosal epithelium under experimental denture bases in rats
Authors: Maruo Yukinori , Sato Takashi , Hara Testuya , Mori Shingo , Shirai Hajime , Minagi Shogo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Expression of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was counted on mucosal epithelium to detect whether the AgNOR count (the number of AgNOR per nucleus) is, for 20 weeks, affected by streptozotocin‐induced diabetes mellitus.Methods:  Diabetic rats were applied non‐denture wearing, non‐pressure contact, continuous pressure (0.5, 1.5 or 3.4 kPa) and intermittent pressure (10.5, 33.0 or 81.7 kPa), respectively.Results:  In the non‐denture wearing or the non‐pressure contact group, AgNOR count was almost constant (ranging 1.86–1.92) without significant difference. Under continuous pressure, AgNOR count significantly decreased at earlier stage and finally recovered to the non‐pressure contact group. A similar effect of continuous pressure appeared to manifest itself in intermittent pressure, but to a greater degree. Consequently, AgNOR count under intermittent pressure showed no recovery at 20‐week stage.Conclusion : Diabetes mellitus exerted, by itself, no influence on the cellular proliferative activity under continuous pressure, whereas the activity deteriorated under intermittent pressure.
Immunohistochemical and genetic analysis of mandibular cysts in heterozygous ptc knockout mice
Authors: Ohki Kousuke , Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Kondo Mari , Taniguchi Yoshihiro , Tanigami Akira , Ooya Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  Alterations of human patched (ptc) homolog have been proven to be responsible for basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS). Mandibular cysts in heterozygous ptc knockout mouse (ptc+/− mouse) were microradiologically, histologically, immunohistochemically, and genetically examined to investigate the possible role of the ptc gene and its associates in the jaw cysts.Methods:  The mandibular bones were prepared from 63 ptc+/− mice and 6 ptc+/+ mice. Soft X‐ray radiographs and histological sections were examined for detection of the presence of mandibular cysts. The mandibular cysts were immunohistochemically investigated using anti‐ptc, shh, and smo antibodies. PCR analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of ptc was performed in genomic DNA from the mandibular cysts.Results:  Six ptc+/+ mice showed no pathologic change in any examinations. Microradiologically, ptc+/− mice did not show any apparent lesion. Mandibular cysts were often multiple, and were histologically detected in the alveolar bones or periodontal ligaments of the molars in 16 (25.4%) ptc+/− mice. The mandibular cysts were lined by thin parakeratotic stratified squamous epithelium and contained keratinized materials. Immunohistochemical examination showed sonic hedgehog (shh) protein mainly in cyst lining epithelium, and ptc and smoothened (smo) proteins in cyst lining epithelium, and surrounding fibrous connective tissue. Expression of ptc protein in the cyst lining epithelium tended to be weak as compared with incisor enamel organs and gingival stratified squamous epithelium. LOH of the ptc gene couldn't be found in lining epithelium of mandibular cysts in any ptc+/− mice.Conclusions:  Ptc
+/− mouse is a useful model of BCNS from the standpoint of occurrence of jaw cysts, and downregulation of ptc protein in cyst lining epithelium caused by gene targeting would be associated with formation of jaw cysts in ptc+/− mice.
Initial effect of controlled release chlorhexidine on subgingival microorganisms
Authors: Daneshmand Nazanin , Jorgensen Michael G. , Nowzari Hessam , Morrison John L. , Slots Jørgen 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Little or no data exist on the ability of subgingival application of PerioChip® (2.5 mg chlorhexidine gluconate in a biodegradable chip; Astra Pharmaceuticals, Westborough, MA, USA) to suppress periodontopathic microorganisms. The present study compared the subgingival microbiota of periodontitis sites receiving the chlorhexidine chip plus scaling and root planing (Sc/Rp) or Sc/Rp alone.Methods: Seven males and six females, mean age 49 years, with moderate to advanced periodontitis participated in the study. In each patient, two bilateral pockets probing 6–7 mm were randomly assigned to treatment by chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp, or by Sc/Rp alone. Subgingival placement of chlorhexidine chips was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sc/Rp was performed with hand instruments for at least 10 min in each study tooth. Subgingival samples were collected by paper‐points at baseline, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks post‐treatment. Anaerobic culture methods were used for microbial isolation and identification. The microbiologic examination was carried out blindly. Microbiological data were evaluated by a repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: No statistical difference was found in total colony counts between subgingival sites treated with chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp and those treated with Sc/Rp alone. Also, the percentage of major periodontal pathogens (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus) and the percentage of total periodontal pathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, Prevotella intermedia‐group, Fusobacterium, Eubacterium, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus micros, Eikenella corrodens, enteric rods) were not significantly different between the chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp group and the Sc/Rp group. At baseline, A. actinomycetemcomitans was recovered from 4 chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp sites and 2 Sc/Rp sites, P. gingivalis from 5 chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp sites and 4 Sc/Rp sites, and B. forsythus from 9 chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp and 7 Sc/Rp sites. At 4 weeks, A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 2 chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp sites but not in any site receiving Sc/Rp, P. gingivalis in 2 chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp sites but not in any Sc/Rp site, and B. forsythus in 1 chlorhexidine chip + Sc/Rp and in 2 Sc/Rp sites.Conclusion: The present data obtained from bilateral periodontitis lesions of 13 adults suggest that chlorhexidine chip treatment of adult periodontitis lesions provides little or no additional antimicrobial benefits compared to thorough Sc/Rp alone.
Initial attachment of osteoblasts to various guided bone regeneration membranes: an in vitro study
Authors: Wang H.‐L. , Miyauchi M. , Takata T. 
Published: March 2003

Objective and background:  Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has proved to be a suitable and somehow predictable technique for promoting bone regeneration. Avariety of synthetic and naturally derived GBR barriers have been used in clinics to facilitate bone regeneration. These barriers may differ in composition and structure and these may affect the outcomes of GBR. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro ability of osteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1) to attach to various GBR membranes.Materials and methods:  Six GBR/GTR (guided tissue regeneration) membranes [BioMend® (BM), Resolut® (RL), Guidor® (GD), EpiGuide® (EG), Gore‐Tex® (GT) and Millipore filter® (MP)] were tested. For controls, cells were directly plated on culture dishes (CD). Each test membrane was secured to the bottom of a culture dish with a double‐sided adhesive tape. All samples were triplicate. At 1.5 and 24 h after plating of 2 ml (5 × 104 cells/ml) of MC3T3‐E1 (passage 7) cells, the specimens were rinsed with phosphate‐buffered saline to wash out any unattached cells and then fixed with a 10% buffered formalin solution for 1 d. After washing with distilled water, the cells were stained with hematoxylin. The number of attached cells was counted under a light microscope equipped with an ocular‐micrometer in a unit area of 0.25 mm2 (five areas on each membrane). In addition, cell morphology attached to the membranes was evaluated under scanning electron microscope.Results:  Data were presented as mean ± standard error and analyzed for statistical difference using a generalized Wilcoxon's test. Cell attachment at 1.5 h was as follows: MP (27.5 ± 2.1) > RL (17.0 ± 1.4) ≈ BM (14.5 ± 1.4) ≈ EG (11.4 ± 1.0) > GD (5.2 ± 0.8) ≈ GT (3.1 ± 0.6); and at 24 h was: MP (67.6 ± 3.6) > RL (35.8 ± 1.8) > BM (15.4 ± 0.9) ≈ EG (13.3 ± 1.3) > GD (5.9 ± 0.7) ≈ GT (5.6 ± 1.3). At 24 h, the scanning electron microscope finding revealed that cells attached on MP, RL, BM and EG were flatter in shape, like cells on CD, than cells on GD and GT, where cells were rather round.Conclusions:  Results from this study suggested that MP, BM, RL and EG enhanced the early osteoblast attachment. However, the true benefit of this observation in clinic remains to be determined.
Photochemotherapy of vascular cells with 8‐methoxypsoralen and visible light: differential effects on endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Authors: Lee David M. , Gasparro Francis P. , Wang Xiu Jie , Kopec Chris , DeLeo Kier , Sumpio Bauer E. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The long‐term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is limited by the restenosis which occurs in approximately 40% of patients, usually within 6 months of the procedure.Purpose: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) activated with visible light on the properties of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC) in vitro.Methods: Cells were seeded in polystyrene wells, allowed to attach over a 24‐h period, incubated with 1, 20, or 50 µg/ml 8‐MOP and then exposed to 12 J/cm2 visible light (447 nm). Cell counts were performed for up 14 days (n = 4–6 wells per time point), and each experiment was performed in triplicate. Cellular migration, morphology, and size were also analyzed.Results: The lowest 8‐MOP dose (1 µg/ml) had no significant effect on SMC proliferation, while the highest dose (50 µg/ml) induced cytostasis. An intermediate dose of 8‐MOP (20 µg/ml) produced a transient and reversible inhibition of proliferation. There was no significant effect on proliferation of EC at lowest dose of 8‐MOP (1 µg/ml). However, in contrast to the SMC experiments, a transient and reversible inhibition of EC proliferation was seen at both 20 and 50 µg/ml 8‐MOP.Conclusions: These experiments demonstrate that while 8‐MOP photoactivated with 447 nm visible light can reversibly inhibit the proliferation of both SMC and EC in a dose‐dependent fashion, SMC are more sensitive to the treatment than EC.