bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of graded levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth, haematology and serum biochemistry of African catfish Clarias Gariepinus juveniles
Authors: Omitoyin Siyanbola Adewumi , Orisasona Olugbenga , Ajani Kolawole Emmanul , Omitoyin Bamidele Oluwarotimi 
Published: January 2025

The effects of the leaf meal of Moringa oleifera (MLM) as a source of protein in the diet of Clarias gariepinus using growth, haematology and serum biochemistry as indicators were investigated. Four experimental diets MLM1, MLM2, MLM3 and MLM4 were formulated, with M. oleifera leaf meal replacing fish meal at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% levels of inclusion. The four diets were allotted to triplicate groups of one hundred and eighty (180) C. gariepinus(12.5±0.03g mean weight) randomly distributed into 12 plastic aquaria for 84 days at 3% body weight daily. Growth variables including Mean weight gain (MWG), Specific growth rates (SGR), Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and Survival were determined using standard procedures. Samples of blood were collected from randomly selected fish samples before and after the feeding trial for haematological and serum biochemical analysis. Results show that MLM has fat, crude protein, crude fibre and ash contents of 5.34%, 26.62%, 18.97% and 12.01% respectively. Mean weight gain was significantly higher in MLM1 and MLM2 groups (16.75±0.35g and 15.49±0.22g respectively), with these groups having superior FCR values. Survival rate was 95% across treatment. PCV and blood platelets were significantly higher (P0.05) in fish fed MLM diets. Creatinine and total protein showed significantly higher values in the control group with values ranging from 0.40 (MLM3) to 0.67 (MLM1) and 3.16 (MLM3) to 4.70 (MLM1) and respectively. The results indicate that the leaf meal of Moringa oleifera can only replace up to 10% fish meal in Clarias gariepinus diets when growth and haematological parameters are considered.
The characteristics of gelatin from fish waste: A review
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Fahrizal Fahrizal , Arpi Normalina , Amanatillah Dara , Husna Fazilatul 
Published: January 2025

Gelatin is a commonly used ingredient in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. It is obtained through the hydrolysis process of collagen, the main protein found in animal connective tissues. Fish waste such as skin and bone are a promising source for gelatin, however the characteristics of gelatin can vary depending on its source. The purpose of this review is to compare the characteristics of gelatin from fish skin and bones, such as yield, gel strength, and viscosity. The research findings indicate significant differences in the characteristics of gelatin from different types of fish skin and bones. In this study, it was found that gelatin with the best characteristics was derived from the skin of mackerel fish, with a yield of 5.90%, viscosity of 7 cP, and gel strength of 328.57 g bloom. Meanwhile, gelatin from the bones of tilapia fish had a yield of 8.10%, viscosity of 5.85 cP, and gel strength of 376.21 g bloom. It was concluded that gelatin from various types of fish skin and bones had different characteristics, so the specific purpose of using the obtained gelatin had to be considered.
A preliminary study on the preservation of climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792 (Pisces: Anabantidae) oocytes using dry method at different temperature
Authors: Gheitsa Tjut N.G. , Maulida Siti , Muchlisin Zainal Abidin 
Published: January 2025

Climbing perch Anabas testudineus is a freshwater fish that has economic value and has been cultivated in Indonesia. However, the fish farmers face problems with high-quality larvae supply because the breeding technology for this species is not well developed. Sperm and oocyte storage technology is important information in fish breeding. Therefore, this research aims to determine the best storage temperature using the dry storage method. Six levels of storage temperatures were tested in this study, namely: 29°C (room temperature as a control), 8°C, 4°C, 0°C, -4°C, and -8°C. The oocytes are stored at the treatment temperature for 120 minutes, where every 30 minutes the quality of the oocytes is analyzed based on fertilization and hatchability parameters. The results showed that storage temperature had a significant effect on fertility (P0.05) but had no significant effect on hatchability or the normality of larvae (P0.05). The highest percentage of fertility was obtained in treatment B (8°C) at 30 minutes, with a value of 50.33%; this value was significantly different with other treatments. The highest hatchability percentage value was also obtained in treatment B (8°C) at 30 minutes, with a value of 12%. This value was significantly different in treatments E (-4°C) and F (-8°C), but not significantly different with treatments A (29°C), C (4°C), and D (0°C) (P 0.05). The direct observations on the normality of the hatched larvae showed that all larvae had a normal morphology. In general, fertility and hatchability rate decrease with decreasing temperatures. Therefore, it is concluded that climbing perch fish eggs stored using the dry method can only be stored for less than 30 minutes, where the recommended temperature was 8°C.
Effects of dietary xylanase-treated rice husk on performance characteristics of West African Dwarf goats Capra hircus
Authors: Kolade Isiaka Oyeniyi , Yousuf Mahmud Baba , Salako Abiola Yemi , Ajijolakewu Kamoldeen Abiodun , Abdulkareem Tajjudeen Zakari , Sesan Lawal Wasiu 
Published: January 2025

The effect of feeding value of Aspergillus tubingensis xylanase-treated rice husk supplemented in the dietary treatment to improve nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen retention and body weight gain in WAD goats was investigated. Twenty (20) West African Dwarf (WAD) goats of four to six (4-6) months old with a live weight of 6.5 - 6.6 kg were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments and a control with two replicates comprising two animals in each treatment group in a completely randomized design (CRD). Crude xylanase produced was used for enzymatic degradation of rice husk which enhanced fibre digestion, increases nutritional values and improves performance of WAD goats. The rice husk was initially subjected to physical pre-treatment through milling to increase the surface area. Pre-treated rice husk was treated by spraying the xylanase onto the rice husk at 100g/0.2mL. Xylanase-treated rice husk (XTRH) was used with other ingredients in formulating WAD goat diets at treatment levels of 0 (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (XTRH). The goat was fed on feeding trial for 56 days. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters were evaluated. Crude protein intake and nutrient digestibility was significantly highest (p 0.05) for goats fed diet 4 with 30% inclusion level of xylanase-treated rice husk than for those fed at 10%, 20%, 40% or the control. Differences in feed nutrient intake and digestibility caused gradual improvement (p 0.05) in body weight gain from 16.07 (g/head/day) in the un-supplemented group to 42.88 (g/head/day) in goats fed at 30% (XTRH) inclusion level. Results showed that performance characteristics of goats fed diet 4 with 30% inclusion level of xylanase-treated rice husk was significantly (p0.05) higher than other treatment diets. The inclusion of xylanase-treated rice husk up to 30% in goat’s diet may have increased nutrients and dry matter digestion, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA's) and microbial protein production. The study concluded that xylanase-treated rice husk included at 30% in the diets of WAD goats improved feeding values of feed by increasing the rumen fermentation of fibrous diets and enhanced the growth performance of WAD goats.
Amino acid profiles and growth performance of spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus fed on combination of three mollusk meals
Authors: Kurnia Agus , Muskita Wellem Henrik , Hamzah Muhaimin , Abidin Laode Baytul , Ruslaini Ruslaini , Suaida Suaida , Amanda Rahel 
Published: January 2025

Spiny lobster is an economically important marine fish commodity that has a high price and one of the important protein source for people worldwide. The quality of the protein is strongly depending on the amino acid compositions and concentrations. This study aimed to determine of amino acid profiles and growth of spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) fed with the diet contained combination of three mollusk meal. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain of 40% fish meal,FM (Diet A), 15% telescopium meal, + 15% gold snail meal + 10% scallops meal (Diet B), 15% telescopium meal + 10% gold snail meal + 15% scallops meal (Diet C), 10% telescopium meal + 15% gold snail meal + 15% scallops meal (Diet D) in the test diet. A total of 36 spiny lobster juvenile (initial weight : 120± 15,38 g) were distributed into twelve plastic tanks (three lobster/ tank ) with sized of 60×50 ×50 cm. Feeding the lobster two times a day (08.00 a.m and 05.00 p.m) in dosage of 8% total biomass weight for 60 days of rearing period. The experiment was designed by using completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. Collecting data included of weight gain, survival rate, and amino acid content in the fish body. The results showed that feeding the lobster with different feed test was significantly different in weight gain of spiny lobster. The weight gain of spiny lobster fed with combination of mollusk meal had higher than the feed contain fish meal. The highest amount level of amino acid in the lobster body was leucine , while the lowest one was tryptophan. The types and total number of some amino acid profiles in the fish body was similarly with amino acid profile in the diets which contained mollusk meal. This study concluded that the amino acid profiles in the diet contained mollusk meal were suitable for requirement to improve the growth of spiny lobster.
The effect of β-carotene supplementation above requirement on the production and reproduction performance of female sheep and goats - A mini review
Authors: Ahmed Osman , Hassen Abubeker , Lehloenya Khoboso 
Published: January 2025

The high rate of metabolic activity during breeding, pregnancy, parturition and lactation may lead to oxidative stress in sheep and goats. Antioxidant supplementation is proposed as a therapy for encountering resultant stress. In animals, β-carotene functions mainly as pro-vitamin A and as a scavenger of free radicals, especially against singlet-state oxygen. This raises the question of whether supplementing β-carotene as an antioxidant above the vitamin A requirement is beneficial. While a number of studies have been conducted on the effect of β-carotene supplementation as a tool to improve the production and reproduction performance of female goats and sheep, the findings are inconsistent. Some of the main reasons for this inconsistency could be attributed to the variation in the amount of β-carotene supplemented, the amount of β-carotene in the animal diet and the difference in the animal requirement for β-carotene. The objective of this review was to determine the effects of β-carotene supplementation on the production and reproductive performance of female sheep and goats fed on a diet deficient or not deficient in β-carotene. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed articles that were searched in the Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Thirteen peer-reviewed published articles were found on the subject under review. We estimated the animal requirement for β-carotene, the amount of β-carotene provided to the animal in the diet and the amount of β-carotene supplementation used in each study. These estimations were made to indicate whether the diet fulfilled the animal's requirement for β-carotene or not. The review revealed that β-carotene supplementation enhances the production and reproduction performance of the sheep when fed on a carotene-deficient diet. Additionally, β-carotene supplementation may increase the levels of some hormones such as progesterone in sheep and goats when fed on a diet that fulfils their requirements of β-carotene. However, the supplementation of β-carotene above the requirements seems to not affect the production and reproduction parameters such as body weight, milk production, estrus parameters, conception rate, pregnancy rate, and litter size. In conclusion, while β-carotene supplementation is essential for female sheep and goats fed β-carotene-deficient diets to attain optimal production and reproductive performance, supplementing β-carotene above the requirements does not appear to provide any further benefits to their overall performance.
High-average-power, few-cycle, 2.1 µm OPCPA laser driver for soft-X-ray high-harmonic generation
Authors: Walke Daniel , Koç Azize , Gores Florian , Zhan Minjie , Forget Nicolas , Maksimenka Raman , Wilkinson Iain 
Published: January 2025

Repetition-rate upscaling of intense, femtosecond-duration pulses in the short-wave infrared is necessary to further develop and apply tabletop, ultrafast soft-X-ray sources. Here, we present a 20 fs-pulse-duration, 2.1 µm-central-wavelength, optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification laser, which outputs 52 W of amplified signal power at a repetition rate of 52.6 kHz. Despite the potential for deleterious thermal processes, the laser output exhibits excellent spatial and temporal profiles in a 45 W beam at a soft-X-ray-generation target after ∼5 m of propagation. In argon gas, this enables high-harmonic generation up to ∼190 eV photon energies, demonstrating the system’s potential for ultrashort soft-X-ray-pulse production.
Dynamically tunable robust ultrahigh-Q merging bound states in the continuum in phase-change materials metasurface
Authors: Ren Hui , Liu Jietao , Jiang Zengxuan , Zhuang Lingyun , Jiang Botao , Xu Chunhao , Cheng Bo , Song Guofeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are localized states within the radiative continuum that exhibit high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonance, which significantly boosts light–matter interactions. However, out-of-plane radiation losses can arise from inherent material absorption and inevitable technological imperfections during fabrication process. Merging BICs have been introduced as a solution to address the issue of out-of-plane radiation losses. By merging BICs, it is possible to expand the area of high Q-factor resonance in momentum space, thereby enhancing the system’s robustness against external perturbations. However, achieving this enhancement is contingent upon altering the geometrical parameters of the structure, which inherently restricts its dynamic tunability. Here, we propose an emerging approach that integrates phase change materials (PCMs) into photonic crystal slabs (PCs) metasurface, enabling dynamically tuning of merged BICs. By utilizing low-loss Sb2S3 as a tunable PCMs, we demonstrate that altering its phase state can merge BICs, leading to a substantial increase in the high Q-factor across an extended range of wave vectors space. Furthermore, this study validates the universality and robustness of merging BICs against common unit-cell topology fabrication defects. Additionally, by twisting the square holes to break in-plane symmetry, asymmetric merging and inversion of topological charge at the
Γ
-point are achieved. This approach leverages phase-transition states of PCMs to enable reconfigurable polarization distribution of radiation field without scale and parameter changes, which is tunable and offers promising potential applications in optical vortices and nano-lasers.
Crystal structure of (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-κ
4
N,N
′,N
″,N
‴)palladium(II) tetrabromidopalladate(II), C10H24Br4N4Pd2
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
C10H24Br4N4Pd2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.784(7) Å, b = 8.985(5) Å, c = 16.006(12) Å, β = 113.429(17)°, V = 1819.0(19) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0388, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1202, T = 223 K.
Crystal structure of (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-κ
4
N,N′,N″,N‴)palladium(II) bis[trichlorido(dimethyl sulfoxide-κS)platinate(II)], C14H36Cl6N4O2PdPt2S2
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
C14H36Cl6N4O2PdPt2S2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.714(2) Å, b = 9.270(2) Å, c = 9.525(2) Å, α = 68.940(6)°, β = 87.786(7)°, γ = 77.327(7)°, V = 699.9(3) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt
(F) = 0.0153, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0351, T = 223 K.
“Don’t worry, be a senior?” The metaphorical labelling of late-life depression in Australian news media
Authors: Szabó Lilla Petronella , Benczes Réka , Burridge Kate , Allan Keith , Lindgren Mia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since the late 1980s, there has been a reconceptualization of ageing, which is also reflected in how older adults are referred to. Research on Australian English indicates that while the label seniors activates positive associations of health and well-being, the characteristics related to the label the elderly are generally negative. The question is whether this difference in semantic stereotyping is also extended to how a heavily stigmatized and little-researched mental illness, late-life depression, is conceptualized, depending on which label for older adults, i.e., seniors or the elderly, is used in the media. Relying on the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP; Pragglejaz Group. 2007. MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse. Metaphor and Symbol 22(1). 1–39), we examined 26 articles containing the keywords “seniors” and “depression” and 83 articles with the keywords “the elderly” and “depression” published in eight leading Australian newspapers between 1987 and 2022. The analysis found that alternative conceptualizations of late-life depression do emerge, depending on which label is used: while seniors activates a less permanent state of late-life depression over which those affected have some degree of control, the elderly elicits a lasting state where those affected have very little control over their condition. Such findings clearly demonstrate the framing effect of figurative language as used in the media to shape the perception of a debilitating condition such as depression: how mental illness is metaphorically conceptualized can serve to intensify or help disperse the fears and taboos surrounding it.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF DESMIDS (ZYGNEMATOPHYCEAE, STREPTOPHYTA) IN A TROPICAL LAKE (COLOMBIA)
Authors: Donato Rondón John Charles 
Published: January 2025

I here describe 24 taxa of desmids from the Colombian Oriental Plains (Orinoquía). Docidium undulatum var. dilatatum (Cleve) West & G.S. West; Micrasterias arcuata var. robusta O. Borg; Micrasterias radiata var. gracillima. G.M. Smith; Micrasterias torreyi var. curvata. Willi Krieger; Pleurotaenium constrictum var. laeve Irénée-Marie; Pseudomicraterias arcuata (Bailey) C.B. Araujo, C.E.M. Bicudo, Stastny & Skaloud; Spondylosium pulchrum (Bailey) W. Archer 1861; Staurodesmus wandae var. longissimus (Borge) Teiling, and Staurastrum subindentatum var. brasiliense Borge 1918, are reported for the first time in Colombia. The richness and coexistence of desmid species found is remarkable because they are bioindicators of oligotrophic conditions, geographic isolation, and the well-developed littoral zone properties in the lakes of the Orinoquía. Desmids are early warning indicators for the significance of this environment for biodiversity and conservation.
Ocena wpływu bobra europejskiego Castor fiber na środowisko przyrodnicze Poleskiego Parku Narodowego w obszarze oddziaływania Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego
Authors: Czyżowski Piotr , Wójcik Mariusz , Beeger Sławomir 
Published: January 2025

W pracy zaprezentowano wykorzystanie zdjęć wykonanych przez drony do oceny wpływu działalności bobra europejskiego Castor fiber na ekosystemy Poleskiego Parku Narodowego (PPN). Badania potwierdzają ścisły związek obecności bobrów na tym terenie z wielkością powierzchni lustra wody, co oznacza pozytywny wpływ działalności bobrów na retencję zlewni. Dzięki obecności i działalności tych zwierząt drastyczny spadek poziomu wód powierzchniowych, spowodowany suszą meteorologiczną, nie spowodował suszy glebowej. Może o tym świadczyć wzrost powierzchni roślin zielnych w okresie jesiennym na terenach, na których wykazano całkowity spadek lustra wody. Wraz ze wzrostem powierzchni i liczby żeremi spadała powierzchnia zajmowana przez roślinność suchą. Może to potwierdzać pozytywny wpływ obecności bobrów na retencję wody i roślinność na badanych powierzchniach, szczególnie w warunkach występowania skutków suszy atmosferycznej.
Machado de Assis, o Crítico da Imprensa
Authors: Silva Marcos Fabrício Lopes da 
Published: January 2025

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as crônicas de Machado de Assis publicadas em jornais na segunda metade do século XIX, a fim de destacar a atuação do jornalista/cronista como admirador da imprensa e crítico do jornal. As ocasiões em que o nosso escritor aplaude a imprensa equivalem aos momentos de “palmas”. Os “piparotes”, por sua vez, representam a reprovação de Machado de Assis frente aos deslizes de caráter ético e editorial, cometidos pelos jornais.
Crítica, poética e relações de gênero
Authors: Almeida Edwirgens Aparecida R. Lopes de 
Published: January 2025

Reinterpretando as contradições existentes nas críticas oitocentista e moderna sobre Memórias de um sargento de milícias, de Manuel Antônio de Almeida, este ensaio propõe uma releitura do processo de construção da poética do romance, bem como da verossimilhança com que foram construídas as relações de gênero presentes na mesma.
Monsoon fasiculation paralysis syndrome: revisited
Authors: Pokalkar Apeksha 
Published: January 2025

Cases of sudden onset external ophthalmoplegia with bulbar and skeletal muscle weakness and fasciculations are noted in this region during the monsoon season. The neurological deficit peaks within 2-3 days with potential risk of respiratory paralysis. Total recovery takes place recovery within 4-8 days if respiratory crises is taken care of. Two such cases who presented with acute onset of flaccid quadriplegia with relative preservation deep tendon jerks are reported here. There was no history of any bites or exposure to known toxins. The patients made spontaneous recovery in one week time.
Screening of Groundnut Varieties against Bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier)
Authors: Patel Chintan , Shukla Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

Background: Groundnut bruchid (Caryedon serratus Olivier) is one of the most important stored grain insect pests of groundnut. It adversely affects the quality and market acceptance of groundnut. The grub bore into pods and kernels causing damage by feeding on seeds internally. Therefore, an investigation on evaluation of varietal resistance of groundnut to bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier) was carried out at the Department of Entomology, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2023 to 2024. Methods: Screening of 10 groundnut varieties were carried out in completely randomized design with 3 repetitions. The reaction of varieties were assessed on the basis of adult emergence, pod damage and weight loss of pods after 60, 90 and 120 days of storage. Result: The groundnut varieties GJE-9 and GG-HIPS-2 were found least susceptible among 10 screened genotypes. While, varieties GJE-33, GG-38, GG-35, GJG-31, GG-20 and TG-37-A were found moderately susceptible. However, varieties GJG-32 and GJG-22 were found highly susceptible. Maximum per cent adult emergence, per cent pod damage and per cent weight loss were observed in GJG-32 variety and minimum in variety GJG-9.