bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Cu0−Cu+ dual sites for improved C−H bond fracture towards methanol steam reforming
Authors: Meng Hao , Yang Yusen , Shen Tianyao , Yin Zhiming , Wang Lei , Liu Wei , Yin Pan , Ren Zhen , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jian , Xiao Feng-Shou , Wei Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCopper-based catalysts serve as the predominant methanol steam reforming material although several fundamental issues remain ambiguous such as the identity of active center and the aspects of reaction mechanism. Herein, we prepare Cu/Cu(Al)Ox catalysts with amorphous alumina-stabilized Cu2O adjoining Cu nanoparticle to provide Cu0−Cu+ sites. The optimized catalyst exhibits 99.5% CH3OH conversion with a corresponding H2 production rate of 110.8 μmol s−1 gcat−1 with stability over 300 h at 240 °C. A binary function correlation between the CH3OH reaction rate and surface concentrations of Cu0 and Cu+ is established based on kinetic studies. Intrinsic active sites in the catalyst are investigated with in situ spectroscopy characterization and theoretical calculations. Namely, we find that important oxygen-containing intermediates (CH3O* and HCOO*) adsorb at Cu0−Cu+ sites with a moderate adsorption strength, which promotes electron transfer from the catalyst to surface species and significantly reduces the reaction barrier of the C−H bond cleavage in CH3O* and HCOO* intermediates.
Whole genomes from Angola and Mozambique inform about the origins and dispersals of major African migrations
Authors: Tallman Sam , Sungo Maria das Dores , Saranga Sílvio , Beleza Sandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs the continent of origin for our species, Africa harbours the highest levels of diversity anywhere on Earth. However, many regions of Africa remain under-sampled genetically. Here we present 350 whole genomes from Angola and Mozambique belonging to ten Bantu ethnolinguistic groups, enabling the construction of a reference variation catalogue including 2.9 million novel SNPs. We investigate the emergence of Bantu speaker population structure, admixture involving migrations across sub-Saharan Africa and model the demographic histories of Angolan and Mozambican Bantu speakers. Our results bring together concordant views from genomics, archaeology, and linguistics to paint an updated view of the complexity of the Bantu Expansion. Moreover, we generate reference panels that better represents the diversity of African populations involved in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, improving imputation accuracy in African Americans and Brazilians. We anticipate that our collection of genomes will form the foundation for future African genomic healthcare initiatives.
Sintering-induced cation displacement in protonic ceramics and way for its suppression
Authors: Liu Ze , Song Yufei , Xiong Xiaolu , Zhang Yuxuan , Cui Jingzeng , Zhu Jianqiu , Li Lili , Zhou Jing , Zhou Chuan , Hu Zhiwei , Kim Guntae , Ciucci Francesco , Shao Zongping , Wang Jian-Qiang , Zhang Linjuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProtonic ceramic fuel cells with high efficiency and low emissions exhibit high potential as next-generation sustainable energy systems. However, the practical proton conductivity of protonic ceramic electrolytes is still not satisfied due to poor membrane sintering. Here, we show that the dynamic displacement of Y3+ adversely affects the high-temperature membrane sintering of the benchmark protonic electrolyte BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ, reducing its conductivity and stability. By introducing a molten salt approach, pre-doping of Y3+ into A-site is realized at reduced synthesis temperature, thus suppressing its further displacement during high-temperature sintering, consequently enhancing the membrane densification and improving the conductivity and stability. The anode-supported single cell exhibits a power density of 663 mW cm−2 at 600 °C and long-term stability for over 2000 h with negligible performance degradation. This study sheds light on protonic membrane sintering while offering an alternative strategy for protonic ceramic fuel cells development.
Young infants display heterogeneous serological responses and extensive but reversible transcriptional changes following initial immunizations
Authors: Nouri Nima , Cao Raquel Giacomelli , Bunsow Eleonora , Nehar-Belaid Djamel , Marches Radu , Xu Zhaohui , Smith Bennett , Heinonen Santtu , Mertz Sara , Leber Amy , Smits Gaby , van der Klis Fiona , Mejías Asunción , Banchereau Jacques , Pascual Virginia , Ramilo Octavio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfants necessitate vaccinations to prevent life-threatening infections. Our understanding of the infant immune responses to routine vaccines remains limited. We analyzed two cohorts of 2-month-old infants before vaccination, one week, and one-month post-vaccination. We report remarkable heterogeneity but limited antibody responses to the different antigens. Whole-blood transcriptome analysis in an initial cohort showed marked overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and to a lesser extent of inflammation-genes at day 7, which normalized one month post-vaccination. Single-cell RNA sequencing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a second cohort identified at baseline a predominantly naive immune landscape including ISGhi cells. On day 7, increased expression of interferon-, inflammation-, and cytotoxicity-related genes were observed in most immune cells, that reverted one month post-vaccination, when a CD8+ ISGhi and cytotoxic cluster and B cells expanded. Antibody responses were associated with baseline frequencies of plasma cells, B-cells, and monocytes, and induction of ISGs at day 7.
Selective C(sp3)–H arylation/alkylation of alkanes enabled by paired electrocatalysis
Authors: Zou Long , Xiang Siqi , Sun Rui , Lu Qingquan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report a combination of electrocatalysis and photoredox catalysis to perform selective C(sp3)–H arylation/alkylation of alkanes, in which a binary catalytic system based on earth-abundant iron and nickel is applied. Reaction selectivity between two-component C(sp3)–H arylation and three-component C(sp3)–H alkylation is tuned by modulating the applied current and light source. Importantly, an ultra-low anodic potential (~0.23 V vs. Ag/AgCl) is applied in this protocol, thus enabling compatibility with a variety of functional groups (>70 examples). The robustness of the method is further demonstrated on a preparative scale and applied to late-stage diversification of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives.
Identifying microbiota community patterns important for plant protection using synthetic communities and machine learning
Authors: Emmenegger Barbara , Massoni Julien , Pestalozzi Christine M. , Bortfeld-Miller Miriam , Maier Benjamin A. , Vorholt Julia A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant-associated microbiomes contribute to important ecosystem functions such as host resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The factors that determine such community outcomes are inherently difficult to identify under complex environmental conditions. In this study, we present an experimental and analytical approach to explore microbiota properties relevant for a microbiota-conferred host phenotype, here plant protection, in a reductionist system. We screened 136 randomly assembled synthetic communities (SynComs) of five bacterial strains each, followed by classification and regression analyses as well as empirical validation to test potential explanatory factors of community structure and composition, including evenness, total commensal colonization, phylogenetic diversity, and strain identity. We find strain identity to be the most important predictor of pathogen reduction, with machine learning algorithms improving performances compared to random classifications (94-100% versus 32% recall) and non-modelled predictions (0.79-1.06 versus 1.5 RMSE). Further experimental validation confirms three strains as the main drivers of pathogen reduction and two additional strains that confer protection in combination. Beyond the specific application presented in our study, we provide a framework that can be adapted to help determine features relevant for microbiota function in other biological systems.
Changes in orogenic style and surface environment recorded in Paleoproterozoic foreland successions
Authors: Huang Bo , Liu Man , Kusky Timothy M. , Johnson Tim E. , Wilde Simon A. , Fu Dong , Deng Hao , Qian Qunye 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Earth’s interior and surficial systems underwent dramatic changes during the Paleoproterozoic, but the interaction between them remains poorly understood. Rocks deposited in orogenic foreland basins retain a record of the near surface to deep crustal processes that operate during subduction to collision and provide information on the interaction between plate tectonics and surface responses through time. Here, we document the depositional-to-deformational life cycle of a Paleoproterozoic foreland succession from the North China Craton. The succession was deposited in a foreland basin following ca. 2.50–2.47 Ga Altaid-style arc–microcontinent collision, and then converted to a fold-and-thrust belt at ca. 2.0–1.8 Ga due to Himalayan-style continent–continent collision. These two periods correspond to the assembly of supercratons in the late Archean and of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia, respectively, which suggests that similar basins may have been common at the periphery of other cratons. The multiple stages of orogenesis and accompanying tectonic denudation and silicate weathering, as recorded by orogenic foreland basins, likely contributed to substantial changes in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere known to have occurred during the Paleoproterozoic.
Prevalence of undiagnosed dyslexia in African-American primary school children
Authors: Cassidy Laura , Reggio Kayla , Shaywitz Bennett A. , Shaywitz Sally E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDyslexia is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children, yet despite its high prevalence all too frequently goes undiagnosed. Consequently dyslexic children all too often fail to receive effective reading interventions. Here we report our findings from a study using a teacher completed evidence-based dyslexia screener to first screen then test predominantly African-American children in grades kindergarten through second grade in two inner city public charter schools in New Orleans. Almost half (49.2%) of the children screened as at risk for dyslexia and of these the majority were found to be dyslexic on more detailed testing. Our results suggest that large numbers of African-American students with dyslexia may be overlooked in schools.
District-scale surface temperatures generated from high-resolution longitudinal thermal infrared images
Authors: Lin Subin , Ramani Vasantha , Martin Miguel , Arjunan Pandarasamy , Chong Adrian , Biljecki Filip , Ignatius Marcel , Poolla Kameshwar , Miller Clayton 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a dataset collected by infrared thermography, a non-contact, non-intrusive technique to acquire data and analyze the built environment in various aspects. While most studies focus on the city and building scales, an observatory installed on a rooftop provides high temporal and spatial resolution observations with dynamic interactions on the district scale. The rooftop infrared thermography observatory with a multi-modal platform capable of assessing a wide range of dynamic processes in urban systems was deployed in Singapore. It was placed on the top of two buildings that overlook the outdoor context of the National University of Singapore campus. The platform collects remote sensing data from tropical areas on a temporal scale, allowing users to determine the temperature trend of individual features such as buildings, roads, and vegetation. The dataset includes 1,365,921 thermal images collected on average at approximately 10-second intervals from two locations during ten months.
Electropneumatic system for the simulation of the pulmonary viscoelastic effect in a mechanical ventilation scenario
Authors: Castaño Jacobo , Giraldo Mario A. , Montoya Yesid , Montagut Yeison J. , Palacio Andrés F. , Jiménez León D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of the lung have important implications during respiratory mechanics in terms of lung movement or work of breathing, for example. However, this property has not been well characterized due to several reasons, such as the complex nature of the lung, difficulty accessing its tissues, and the lack of physical simulators that represent viscoelastic effects. This research proposes an electropneumatic system and a method to simulate the viscoelastic effect from temporary forces generated by the opposition of magnetic poles. The study was tested in a mechanical ventilation scenario with inspiratory pause, using a Hamilton-S1 mechanical ventilator (Hamilton Medical) and a simulator of the human respiratory system (SAMI-SII). The implemented system was able to simulate the stress relaxation response of a Standard Linear Solid model in the Maxwell form and showed the capacity to control elastic and viscous parameters independently. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system incorporated into a physical lung simulator that represents the viscoelastic effect in a mechanical ventilation scenario.
Optimization of process parameters in micro-scale pneumatic aerosol jet printing for high-yield precise electrodes
Authors: Jeong Hakyung , Lee Jae Hak , Kim Seungman , Han Seongheum , Moon Hyunkyu , Song Jun-Yeob , Park Ah-Young 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAerosol jet printing (AJP) is a new non-contact direct writing technique designed to achieve precise and intricate patterns on various substrates. Specifically, the pneumatic AJP process breaks down the ink into fine particles, significantly reducing the risk of nozzle clogging and rendering it highly advantageous for industrial applications. This paper focuses on the optimization of the line electrode formation process using soluble silver clusters as the conductive ink, along with the aerosol formation procedure. The main parameters of the AJP process, namely sheath flow rate, atomizer flow rate, and dispensing speed, were identified and examined for their influence on line width and resistivity. Through this analysis, an operability window, including optimized conditions for printing high-quality lines using the AJP process, was established, along with a regression equation enabling the statistical estimation of line width. In summary, the outcomes of this investigation underscore the feasibility of an integrated printing system capable of precision control over line width, achieved through the optimization of AJP process parameters. Furthermore, it was established that pneumatic AJP offers robust process stability. The practical applicability of the proposed optimization techniques was assessed, highlighting their potential utilization in electrode formation processes within the electronic and display industry.
Music compensates for altered gene expression in age-related cognitive disorders
Authors: Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Navarro Laura , Pardo-Seco Jacobo , Bello Xabier , Pischedda Sara , Viz-Lasheras Sandra , Camino-Mera Alba , Currás María José , Ferreirós Isabel , Mallah Narmeen , Rey-Vázquez Sara , Redondo Lorenzo , Dacosta-Urbieta Ana , Caamaño-Viña Fernando , Rivero-Calle Irene , Rodriguez-Tenreiro Carmen , Martinón-Torres Federico , Salas Antonio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtensive literature has explored the beneficial effects of music in age-related cognitive disorders (ACD), but limited knowledge exists regarding its impact on gene expression. We analyzed transcriptomes of ACD patients and healthy controls, pre-post a music session (n = 60), and main genes/pathways were compared to those dysregulated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as revealed by a multi-cohort study (n = 1269 MCI/AD and controls). Music was associated with 2.3 times more whole-genome gene expression, particularly on neurodegeneration-related genes, in ACD than in controls. Co-expressed gene-modules and pathways analysis demonstrated that music impacted autophagy, vesicle and endosome organization, biological processes commonly dysregulated in MCI/AD. Notably, the data indicated a strong negative correlation between musically-modified genes/pathways in ACD and those dysregulated in MCI/AD. These findings highlight the compensatory effect of music on genes/biological processes affected in MCI/AD, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of music on these disorders.
A guidance system for robotic welding based on an improved YOLOv5 algorithm with a RealSense depth camera
Authors: Li Maoyong , Huang Jiqiang , Xue Long , Zhang Ruiying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVision-based automatic welding guidance technology plays an essential role in robotic welding. A laser vision sensor (LVS) relies on manual intervention to guide the robot when near the workpiece, which reduces the autonomy of the welding robot and productivity. To solve this problem, a robot welding guidance system based on an improved YOLOv5 algorithm with a RealSense Depth Camera was proposed. A coordinate attention (CA) module was embedded in the original YOLOv5 algorithm to improve the accuracy of weld groove detection. The center of the predicted frame of the weld groove in the pixel plane was combined with the depth information acquired by a RealSense depth camera to calculate the actual position of the weld groove. Subsequently, the robot was guided to approach and move over the workpiece. Then, the LVS was used to guide the welding torch installed at the end of the robot to move along the centerline of the weld groove and complete welding tasks. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by experiments. The maximum error was 2.9 mm in guiding experiments conducted with a distance of 300 mm between the depth camera and the workpiece. The percentage error was within 2% in guidance experiments conducted with distances from 0.3 to 2 m. The system combines the advantages of the depth camera for accurate positioning within a large field and the LVS for high accuracy. Once the position of the weld groove of the workpiece to be welded has been determined, the LVS combined with the robot can easily track the weld groove and realize the welding operation without manual intervention.
A new method for endometrial dating using computerized virtual pathology
Authors: Or Yuval , Shufaro Yoel , Mashiach Shlomo , Czernobilsky Bernard , Aviel-Ronen Sarit , Apel-Sarid Liat , Dahan Mazal , Kolatt Tsafrir S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEndometrial dating (ED) is the process by which the menstrual cycle day is estimated and is an important tool for the evaluation of uterine status. To date, ED methods remain inaccurate and controversial. We demonstrate how the rise of computerized virtual histology changes the state of affairs and introduce a new ED method. We present the results of a clinical trial where magnified images of ex-vivo endometrial tissue samples were captured at different cycle days, together with measurements of serum hormone levels on the same day. Patient testimonies about their cycle day were also collected. Computerized image analysis, followed by statistical representation of the tissue features, allowed mathematical representation of the cycle day. The samples underwent ED histological assessment, which is currently the ED gold standard. We compared dating results from patient reports, serum hormone levels, and histology to establish their concordance level. We then compared histology-based ED with the new method ED in the secretory phase (i.e. post ovulation). The correlation coefficient between the two resulted in an R = 0.89 with a P-value of P < 10–4. The new method, Virtual Pathology Endometrial Dating (VPED), has the benefit of being a real time, in-vivo method that can be repeatedly applied without tissue damage, using a dedicated hysteroscope. One practical use of this method may be the determination of accurate real-time embryo transfer timing in IVF treatments.
Identification of intergenerational epigenetic inheritance by whole genome DNA methylation analysis in trios
Authors: Díez-Villanueva Anna , Martín Berta , Moratalla-Navarro Ferran , Morón-Duran Francisco D. , Galván-Femenía Iván , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Carreras Anna , de Cid Rafael , Peinado Miguel A. , Moreno Victor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified thousands of loci associated with common diseases and traits. However, a large fraction of heritability remains unexplained. Epigenetic modifications, such as the observed in DNA methylation have been proposed as a mechanism of intergenerational inheritance. To investigate the potential contribution of DNA methylation to the missing heritability, we analysed the methylomes of four healthy trios (two parents and one offspring) using whole genome bisulphite sequencing. Of the 1.5 million CpGs (19%) with over 20% variability between parents in at least one family and compatible with a Mendelian inheritance pattern, only 3488 CpGs (0.2%) lacked correlation with any SNP in the genome, marking them as potential sites for intergenerational epigenetic inheritance. These markers were distributed genome-wide, with some preference to be located in promoters. They displayed a bimodal distribution, being either fully methylated or unmethylated, and were often found at the boundaries of genomic regions with high/low GC content. This analysis provides a starting point for future investigations into the missing heritability of simple and complex traits.
Growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed an environmentally and economically sustainable low marine protein diet in sea cages
Authors: Alfonso Sébastien , Mente Elena , Fiocchi Eleonora , Manfrin Amedeo , Dimitroglou Arkadios , Papaharisis Leonidas , Barkas Dimitris , Toomey Lola , Boscarato Marilena , Losasso Carmen , Peruzzo Arianna , Stefani Annalisa , Zupa Walter , Spedicato Maria Teresa , Nengas Ioannis , Lembo Giuseppe , Carbonara Pierluigi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe large use of fish meal/fish oil in carnivorous fish feeds is the main concern regarding environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Here, we evaluated the effects of an innovative diet, designed to be (1) environmentally sustainable by lowering the marine protein content while being (2) cost effective by using sustainable alternative raw materials with acceptable cost and produced on an industrial scale, on growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a key species of the Mediterranean marine aquaculture, reared in sea cages. Results show that the specific growth rate of fish fed the low marine protein diet was significantly lower than those fed conventional diet (0.67% vs 0.69%). Fatty acid profile of fillets from fish fed a low marine protein diet presented significant lower n-6 and higher n-3 content when compared to conventional ones. Then, a significant increase in the abundance of Vibrio and reduction of Photobacterium were found in the gut of fish fed with the low marine protein diet but effects on sea bass health needs further investigation. Finally, no major health and welfare alterations for fish fed the low marine protein diet were observed, combined with a potential slight benefit related to humoral immunity. Overall, these results suggest that despite the low marine protein diet moderately affects growth performance, it nevertheless may enhance environmental and economic sustainability of the sea bass aquaculture.