bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic and Antiinflammatory Activities of Ursolic Acid (3 - beta-3hyrdoxy-urs-12-ene -8-oic-acid), a Triterpenoid from Leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl (Verbennaceae)
Authors: Odoh Uchenna Estella , Sangwan Payare L. , Odo Chinenye Cynthia 
Published: October 2023

Background: Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic terpenoid carboxylic acid widely found in medicinal plants has been reported to have multifarious biological activities such as antiinflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities.
Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activities of Ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of leaves of Stachytarpheta jamiacensis (L) Vahl (Verbenaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: A dichloromethane: methanol (1:1) leaves extract was prepared by cold maceration. Dichloromethane fraction obtained from the dichloromethane: methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with different solvents of increasing polarity to isolate the bioactive compounds. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, MS). Phytochemical analysis of the isolate and acute toxicity study was done following standard procedures. The anti-diabetic potential was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose level on hyperglycemic rats at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg for a period of 14days. The isolated compounds’ antiinflammatory activity was investigated using egg albumin-induced rat paw edema in mice at dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight.
Results: Ursolic acid (3-beta-3hyrdoxy-urs-12-ene -8- oic-acid) isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis showed significant (p<0.05) reduction (72.79 and 79.77%) in fasting blood glucose levels at the dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively in treated diabetic animals when compared with the diabetic control. A 77.77 % reduction was observed for standard drug (glibenclamide). Ursolic acid at 20 mg/kg exhibited a maximum inhibition (75.00%, p<0.05) of carrageenan-induced ear edema in mice. It showed positive for terpenoids. There was no death recorded in the acute toxicity test at doses of up to 5000 mg/kg.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that ursolic acid isolated from dichloromethane: methanol extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl possesses significant anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Factors Affecting Adoption of Harari Fuel-Efficient Stoves among Rural Households in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia
Authors: Umer Yusuf , Abdi Eliyas , Abdumalik Mohammed , Chavula Petros 
Published: October 2023

Developing countries attempt different programs and projects to promote and disseminate improved cookstoves with health, economic, and environmental benefits. However, it is also important to understand the factors affecting people's decisions to adopt fuel-efficient cookstoves. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves among rural households in Dire Dawa Administration Ethiopia. The study used a mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods to achieve objectives. Data was collected from 152 sample households randomly selected from the study area (55=adopters and 97=non-adopters) from four rural kebeles (villages). The collected data through household surveys was analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one sample t-test, and binary logistic regression using Stata 16SE software. One sample t‐test result revealed that residents do have a positive attitude toward the benefits of fuel-efficient stoves with statistical significance at P< 0.001 probability. Logistic regression results revealed that access to extension services, awareness of fuel-efficient stoves, kitchen service, and education level of household head were found to be significant in determining the probability of fuel-efficient stove adoption at P< 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that the main barriers to the adoption of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove were a lack of awareness about the benefits of the stove and the size of the household kitchen. However, the study also found a low adoption rate of the Harari fuel-efficient cookstove in the study area. This is due to a variety of factors, such as culture, socioeconomic, institutional, financial, and resource endowments. Thus, policymakers should prioritize the variables indicated above to encourage the adoption of Harari fuel-efficient stoves in the study area as well as in other parts of Ethiopia.
Development of machine learning model to predict pulmonary function with low‐dose CT‐derived parameter response mapping in a community‐based chest screening cohort
Authors: Zhou Xiuxiu , Pu Yu , Zhang Di , Guan Yu , Lu Yang , Zhang Weidong , Fu Chi‐Cheng , Fang Qu , Zhang Hanxiao , Liu Shiyuan , Fan Li 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo construct and evaluate the performance of a machine learning‐based low dose computed tomography (LDCT)‐derived parametric response mapping (PRM) model for predicting pulmonary function test (PFT) results.Materials and methodsA total of 615 subjects from a community‐based screening population (40–74 years old) with PFT parameters, including the ratio of the first second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the one second predicted (FEV1%), and registered inspiration‐to‐expiration chest CT scanning were enrolled retrospectively. Subjects were classified into a normal, high risk, and COPD group based on PFT. Data of 72 PRM‐derived quantitative parameters were collected, including volume and volume percentage of emphysema, functional‐small airways disease, and normal lung tissue. A machine‐learning with random forest regression model and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model were constructed and tested on PFT prediction, which was followed by evaluation of classification performance based on the PFT predictions.ResultsThe machine‐learning model based on PRM parameters showed better performance for predicting PFT than MLP, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.749 and 0.792 for FEV1/FVC and FEV1%, respectively. The Mean Squared Errors (MSE) for FEV1/FVC and FEV1% are 0.0030 and 0.0097 for the random forest model, respectively. The Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE) for FEV1/FVC and FEV1% are 0.055 and 0.098, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for differentiating between the normal group and high‐risk group were 34/40 (85%), 65/72 (90%), and 99/112 (88%), respectively. For differentiating between the non‐COPD group and COPD group, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 8/9 (89%), 112/112 (100%), 120/121 (99%), respectively.ConclusionsThe machine learning‐based random forest model predicts PFT results in a community screening population based on PRM, and it identifies high risk COPD from normal populations with high sensitivity and reliably predicts of high‐risk COPD.
Uptake of the Gout and Crystal Arthritis Network Consensus Statements for Gout Nomenclature
Authors: Prendergast Ellen , Dalbeth Nicola , Bursill David , Frampton Chris , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveIn 2019, the Gout and Crystal Arthritis Network (G‐CAN) published consensus statements for the nomenclature of disease elements and states in gout. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to the G‐CAN consensus nomenclature statements since publication.MethodsAmerican College of Rheumatology and EULAR conference abstracts were searched using online databases for the keywords ‘gout,’ ‘urate,’ ‘uric acid,’ ‘hyperuricaemia,’ ‘tophus,’ and/or ‘tophi’ before and after publication of the consensus statements (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017 and January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, respectively). Abstracts were manually searched for labels used to reference gout disease elements and states. Use of the G‐CAN–agreed labels, as well as alternatives, were compared between the two time periods.ResultsThere were 988 abstracts included in the analysis: 596 in 2016 to 2017 and 392 in 2020 to 2021. Use of the agreed labels ‘urate’ and ‘gout flare’ increased between the two periods. There were 219 of 383 abstracts (57.2%) with the agreed label ‘urate’ in 2016 to 2017 compared with 164 of 232 (70.7%) in 2020 to 2021 (P = 0.001). There were 60 of 175 abstracts (34.3%) with the agreed label ‘gout flare’ in 2016 to 2017 compared with 57 of 109 (52.3%) in 2020 to 2021 (P = 0.003). Consistent with the G‐CAN statement, use of the label ‘chronic gout’ reduced between the two time periods. There were 29 of 596 abstracts (4.9%) in 2016 to 2017 that used the label ‘chronic gout’ compared with 8 of 392 abstracts (2.0%) in 2020 to 2021 (P = 0.02).ConclusionUse of G‐CAN–agreed gout labels has increased, but gout nomenclature remains imprecise. Additional efforts are needed to ensure consistent use of agreed nomenclature for gout in the scientific literature.
Health Care Providers’ Experiences of a Mandatory Nationwide Transition to an Adalimumab Biosimilar
Authors: Gasteiger Chiara , Lobo Maria , Wong Lun Shen , Murdoch Rachel , Dalbeth Nicola 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTransitioning patients to biosimilars has become common to reduce costs and improve access. However, it is unclear how the transition process impacts health care providers at the frontline of the brand change. This study explores health care providers’ experiences of a mandatory brand change to an adalimumab biosimilar.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand with 164 providers involved in the nationwide adalimumab brand change. Rheumatologists (n = 39), rheumatology nurses (n = 16), and pharmacists (n = 109) completed a survey that assessed their satisfaction with logistics and supply, information and education, support, and administrative workload and reported what did and did not go well during the transition.ResultsThe mean satisfaction score (0‐10) with the transition was 5.7 (SD = 2.6). Providers were the least satisfied with training for the biosimilar device, information from government agencies, and administrative workload during the transition. Satisfaction with adalimumab safety, efficacy and device quality, and the availability of sharps bins, alcohol wipes, and patient support was lower following the transition. Satisfaction with administrative workload (B = 0.37, P < 0.001) and training for the device (B = 0.20, P = 0.020) predicted overall satisfaction. Providers reported that a poorly implemented initial authorization process, loss of a patient support program, and insufficient communication between providers complicated the transition. The citrate‐free preservative and longer authorization duration after the transition were viewed positively.ConclusionProviders experienced an increased workload and reported less satisfaction with the biosimilar following the transition. Experiences may be improved by ensuring training for the device, a high‐quality patient support program, and functioning authorization processes throughout the transition.
Adipose‐Derived Stromal Cells Preserve Pancreatic Islet Function in a Transplantable 3D Bioprinted Scaffold
Authors: Abadpour Shadab , Niemi Essi M. , Orrhult Linnea Strid , Hermanns Carolin , de Vries Rick , Nogueira Liebert Parreiras , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Josefsen Dag , Krauss Stefan , Gatenholm Paul , van Apeldoorn Aart , Scholz Hanne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntra‐portal islet transplantation is currently the only clinically approved beta cell replacement therapy, but its outcome is hindered by limited cell survival due to a multifactorial reaction against the allogeneic tissue in liver. Adipose‐derived stromal cells (ASCs) can potentially improve the islet micro‐environment by their immunomodulatory action. The challenge is to combine both islets and ASCs in a relatively easy and consistent long‐term manner in a deliverable scaffold. Manufacturing the 3D bioprinted double‐layered scaffolds with primary islets and ASCs using a mix of alginate/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) bioink is reported. The diffusion properties of the bioink and the supportive effect of human ASCs on islet viability, glucose sensing, insulin secretion, and reducing the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated. Diabetic mice transplanted with islet‐ASC scaffolds reach normoglycemia seven days post‐transplantation with no significant difference between this group and the group received islets under the kidney capsules. In addition, animals transplanted with islet‐ASC scaffolds stay normoglycemic and show elevated levels of C‐peptide compared to mice transplanted with islet‐only scaffolds. The data present a functional 3D bioprinted scaffold for islets and ASCs transplanted to the extrahepatic site and suggest a possible role of ASCs on improving the islet micro‐environment.
Oligo(phenylenevinylene)‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhong Yuelin , Dong Wenbo , Ren Shijie , Li Longyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown great advantages as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. However, the effect of linkage geometry and type of linkage on the extent of π‐electron conjugation in the plane of the framework and photocatalytic properties of COFs remains a significant challenge. Herein, two Kagome (kgm) topologic oligo(phenylenevinylene)‐based COFs are designed and synthesized for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via a “two in one” strategy. Under visible light irradiation, COF‐954 with 5 wt% Pt as cocatalyst exhibits high hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 137.23 mmol g−1h−1, outperforming most reported COF‐based photocatalysts. More importantly, even in natural seawater, COF‐954 shows an average HER of 191.70 mmol g−1h−1under ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) light irradiation. Additionally, the water‐drainage experiments indoors and outdoors demonstrate that 25 and 8 mL hydrogen gas could be produced in 80 min under UV–vis light and natural sunlight, respectively, corresponding to a high HER of 167.41 and 53.57 mmol h−1g−1. This work not only demonstrates an effective design strategy toward highly efficient COF‐based photocatalysts, but also shows the great potential of using the COF‐based photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Recent Advances in Lipase Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions to Synthesize N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Budhiraja Meenakshi , Ali Amjad , Tyagi Vikas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiocatalysis has been an emerging field in organic synthetic chemistry in recent years and has significantly expanded the application of enzymes. Further, the concept of enzymatic promiscuity, where an enzyme catalyzes reactions beyond its natural function, has been recognized as a valuable phenomenon that can enhance the versatility of an enzyme as a biocatalyst. Recent advancements in organic synthesis, driven by the demand for more efficient and environmentally friendly processes, have led to the development of enzyme‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions such as Biginelli reaction, Hantzsch synthesis, Mannich, Ugi, etc. for the synthesis of N‐Heterocyclic compounds. While a number of enzymes have played an important role in this context, lipase enzyme is still indispensable due to its low cost, easy availability, and higher organic solvent tolerance. In particular, the immobilization of lipase enzyme on various supports enhances its stability, reusability, and efficiency in catalyzing organic transformation, which expands its role beyond traditional biocatalytic methods. In this review, we have mainly compiled the findings that highlight the synthetic applications of lipases in manufacturing several types of N‐containing heterocyclic compounds.
Investigating infant feeding development in wild chimpanzees using stable isotopes of naturally shed hair
Authors: Bădescu Iulia , Curteanu Cassandra , Sellen Daniel W. , Watts David P. , Katzenberg M. Anne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMeasuring the relative contributions of milk and non‐milk foods in the diets of primate infants is difficult from observations. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in hair can be used to physiologically track infant feeding through development, but few wild studies have done so, likely due to the difficulty in collecting hair non‐invasively. We assessed infant feeding at different ages in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Ngogo, Uganda using δ13C and δ15N of keratin in 164 naturally shed hairs from 29 infants (61 hairs), 6 juveniles (7 hairs), 28 mothers (67 hairs) and 14 adult males (29 hairs). Hairs were collected when they stuck to feces during defecation or from the ground after chimpanzees groomed or rested. We could not distinguish between the hairs of infants and mothers using strand length and diameter. Infants 1–2 years old were most enriched in 13C and 15N and showed means of 1.1‰ in δ13C and 2.1‰ in δ15N above their mothers. Infants at 2 years had hair δ13C values like those of their mothers, which suggests infants began relying more heavily on plants around this age. While mother‐infant δ13C and δ15N differences generally decreased with offspring age, as is expected when infants rely increasingly more on independent foraging through development, milk seemed to remain an important dietary component for infants older than 2.5 years, as evidenced by continuing elevated δ15N. We showed that stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in naturally shed hairs can feasibly detect trophic level differences between chimpanzee infants and mothers. Since it can mitigate some of the limitations associated with behavioral and fecal stable isotope data, the use of hair stable isotopes is a useful, non‐invasive tool for assessing infant feeding development in wild primates.
Visualizing the Structure, Composition and Activity of Single Catalyst Particles for Olefin Polymerization and Polyolefin Decomposition
Authors: Werny Maximilian J. , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe structural and morphological characterization of individual catalyst particles for olefin polymerization, as well as for the reverse process of polyolefin decomposition, can provide an improved understanding for how these catalyst materials operate under relevant reaction conditions. In this review, we discuss an emerging analytical toolbox of 2D and 3D chemical imaging techniques that is suitable for investigating the chemistry and reactivity of related catalyst systems. While synchrotron‐based X‐ray microscopy still provides unparalleled spatial resolutions in 2D and 3D, a number of laboratory‐based techniques, most notably focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, infrared photoinduced force microscopy and laboratory‐based X‐ray nano‐computed tomography, have helped to significantly expand the arsenal of analytical tools available to scientists in heterogeneous catalysis and polymer science. In terms of future research, the review outlines the role and impact of in situ and operando (spectro−)microscopy experiments, involving sophisticated reactors as well as online reactant and product analysis, to obtain real‐time information on the formation, decomposition, and mobility of polymer phases within single catalyst particles. Furthermore, the potential of fluorescence microscopy, X‐ray microscopy and optical microscopy is highlighted for the high‐throughput characterization of olefin polymerization and polyolefin decomposition catalysts. By combining these chemical imaging techniques with, for example, chemical staining methodologies, selective probe molecules as well as particle sorting approaches, representative structure–activity relationships can be derived at the level of single catalyst particles.
Discovery of a Potent Deubiquitinase (DUB) Small‐Molecule Activity‐Based Probe Enables Broad Spectrum DUB Activity Profiling in Living Cells**
Authors: Conole Daniel , Cao Fangyuan , am Ende Christopher W. , Xue Liang , Kantesaria Sheila , Kang Dahye , Jin Jun , Owen Dafydd , Lohr Linda , Schenone Monica , Majmudar Jaimeen D. , Tate Edward W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeubiquitinases (DUBs) are a family of >100 proteases that hydrolyze isopeptide bonds linking ubiquitin to protein substrates, often leading to reduced substrate degradation through the ubiquitin proteasome system. Deregulation of DUB activity has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and auto‐inflammation, and several have been recognized as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Ubiquitin‐derived covalent activity‐based probes (ABPs) provide a powerful tool for DUB activity profiling, but their large recognition element impedes cellular permeability and presents an unmet need for small molecule ABPs which can account for regulation of DUB activity in intact cells or organisms. Here, through comprehensive chemoproteomic warhead profiling, we identify cyanopyrrolidine (CNPy) probe IMP‐2373 (12) as a small molecule pan‐DUB ABP to monitor DUB activity in physiologically relevant live cells. Through proteomics and targeted assays, we demonstrate that IMP‐2373 quantitatively engages more than 35 DUBs across a range of non‐toxic concentrations in diverse cell lines. We further demonstrate its application to quantification of changes in intracellular DUB activity during pharmacological inhibition and during MYC deregulation in a model of B cell lymphoma. IMP‐2373 thus offers a complementary tool to ubiquitin ABPs to monitor dynamic DUB activity in the context of disease‐relevant phenotypes.
An Activatable Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Precise Detection of the Pulmonary Metastatic Tumors: A Traditional Molecule Having a Stunning Turn
Authors: Jia Qian , Zhang Ruili , Yan Haohao , Feng Yanbin , Sun Fang , Yang Zuo , Qiao Chaoqiang , Mou Xiaocheng , Tian Jie , Wang Zhongliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn accurate detection of lung metastasis is of great significance for making better treatment choices and improving cancer prognosis, but remains a big challenge in clinical practice. In this study, we propose a reinventing strategy to develop a pH‐activatable near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe, pulmonary metastasis tracer (denoted as PMT), based on assembly of NIR dye IR780 and calcium phosphate (CaP). By delicately tuning the intermolecular interactions during the assembly process and dye doping content, as well as the synthetic condition of probe, the fluorescence of PMT could be finely adjusted via the tumor acidity‐triggered disassembly. Notably, the selected PMT9 could sharply convert subtle pH variations into a distinct fluorescence signal to generate high fluorescence ON/OFF contrast, dramatically reducing the background signals. Benefiting from such preferable features, PMT9 is able to precisely identify not only the tumor sites in orthotopic lung cancer models but also the pulmonary metastases in mice with remarkable signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). This study provides a unique strategy to turn shortcomings of traditional dye IR780 during in vivo imaging into advantages and further expand the application of fluorescent probe to image lung associated tumor lesions.