bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tandem Synthesis of Valuable Chemicals via Electrocatalysis
Authors: Guan Ming‐Hao , Wu Tao , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTandem synthesis, the integration of multiple chemical transformations into a single process, has emerged as a promising strategy to streamline the synthesis of valuable chemicals. Meanwhile, electrocatalysis has garnered significant attention as a versatile tool for driving various chemical reactions through the application of electrical energy. This concept highlights the synergistic potential of tandem synthesis and electrocatalysis, focusing on their combined applications in the efficient production of valuable chemicals. The inherent selectivity of electrocatalytic processes, coupled with the ability to manipulate reaction pathways using precise control of electrode potentials, offers a platform for designing intricate tandem reactions. Through a comprehensive survey of the literature, key examples are showcased where tandem electrocatalytic processes have enabled the conversion of simple starting materials into valuable target molecules, minimizing waste and energy consumption. Mechanistic insights are discussed that underpin these reactions and perspectives on the future directions and challenges in this rapidly evolving field are provided.
Orthodontic force/torque modeling and experiment of Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire
Authors: Yao Liang , Jiang Jingang , Zhang Yongde , Wang Jingchao , Zhou Shan , Liu Yi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe incidence of oral malocclusion is increasing and is seriously damaging the oral health of human beings. The Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire is an individualized orthodontic arch. It is used clinically for the treatment of tooth‐lingual tilt/root‐lip tilt phenomenon of the central incisors. However, the bending parameters of the Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire used in different patients are based on the clinical experience of the dentists. Therefore, this orthodontic treatment has a high risk and unpredictability. In this paper, the loading performance and orthodontic process of Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire are analyzed. And the prediction model of support resistance and correction torque are established. The bending parameters of the Kitchon root‐controlled auxiliary archwire, as well as the effect of the bending parameters on the support resistance and the correction torque, are all quantified. And the prediction models for the support resistance and the correction torque are calculated separately. The correlation coefficients of calculated data and experimental data are ξT1 > .97 and ξA1 > .96, respectively; the correlation coefficients of simulated data and experimental data are ξT2 > .96 and ξA2 > .96, respectively. The accuracy and reliability of the established prediction models are verified. It provides an effective theoretical guide for dentists to safely and efficiently perform root‐controlled rotation orthodontic treatment on patients' central incisors.
The exploration of mitochondrial‐related features helps to reveal the prognosis and immunotherapy methods of colorectal cancer
Authors: Xie Yun‐hui , Jiang Hui‐zhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism are all intertwined with mitochondria. However, a complete description of how the features of mitochondria relate to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunological landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be made.We performed subgroup analysis on CRC patient data obtained from the databases using non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. Construct a prognostic model using the mitochondrial‐related gene (MRG) risk score, and then compare it to other models for accuracy. Comprehensive analyses of the risk score, in conjunction with the TME and immune landscape, were performed, and the relationship between the model and different types of cell death, radiation and chemotherapy, and drug resistance was investigated. Results from immunohistochemistry and single‐cell sequencing were utilized to verify the model genes, and a drug sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate possible therapeutic medicines. The pan‐cancer analysis is utilized to further investigate the role of genes in a wider range of malignancies.Methods and ResultsWe found that CRC patients based on MRG were divided into two groups with significant differences in survival outcomes and TME between groups. The predictive power of the risk score was further shown by building a prognostic model and testing it extensively in both internal and external cohorts. Multiple immune therapeutic responses and the expression of immunological checkpoints demonstrate that the risk score is connected to immunotherapy success. The correlation analysis of the risk score provide more ideas and guidance for prognostic models in clinical treatment.ConclusionThe TME, immune cell infiltration, and responsiveness to immunotherapy in CRC were all thoroughly evaluated on the basis of MRG features. The comparative validation of multiple queues and models combined with clinical data ensures the effectiveness and clinical practicality of MRG features. Our studies help clinicians create individualized treatment programs for individuals with cancer.
Electrochemical Selective Mono‐ and Polychlorination of Substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Liu Ting , Lu Hao‐Kuan , Shi Zhaojiang , Yan Hong , Li Zhen , Ye Ke‐Yin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn environmentally friendly and efficient electrochemical chlorination of thiophenes has been developed. The monochlorination, dichlorination and trichlorination of thiophenes are selectively achieved. Notably, the reaction has the merits of mild conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, high yields and selectivity, and the capacity for scale‐up, thus providing a synthetically useful alternative to access mono‐ and polychlorinated thiophenes.
Cervical carcinosarcoma, report of some cases and a literature review
Authors: Mariño‐Noya Alejandra , Magallanes‐Peláez Nadia , Puga‐González Nerea , Conde‐Ferreirós Marta , Vieitez‐Villaverde María D. , López‐Ramón y Cajal Carlos N. 
Published: October 2023

SynopsisMost data come from case series, so diagnosis and management may pose a challenge. Further investigations are needed to determine HPV's role in this pathology.
Multiloss strategy for breast cancer subtype classification using digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Guo Wei , Li Xiaomin , Gong Zhaoxuan , Zhang Guodong , Jiang Xiran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer for women, and it also is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. As a highly heterogeneous disease, it is crucial to identify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer before individualized therapy. Therefore, we proposed a multiloss network framework to classify the breast cancer subtype based on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images. We employed the multiloss strategy to learn the low‐level features more efficiently and effectively, which would provide a better basis for extracting the high‐level features. Additionally, we also proposed a decomposed attention block (DA), which not only captured the interdependencies between all channels but also the precise positional information at the x‐ and y‐dimensions. The multiloss strategy enables the network to learn useful feature representations of breast cancer subtypes, and the DA block further improves the classification performance by capturing the information between channels and positions.
Development and Validation of an MRI‐Based Nomogram for Preoperative Detection of Muscle Invasion in VI‐RADS 3
Authors: Yu Ruixi , Cai Lingkai , Cao Qiang , Liu Peikun , Gong Yuxi , Li Kai , Wu Qikai , Zhang Yudong , Li Pengchao , Yang Xiao , Lu Qiang 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe relationship between tumor and muscle layer in the vesical imaging‐reporting and data system (VI–RADS) 3 is ambiguous, and there is a lack of preoperative and non‐invasive procedures to detect muscle invasion in VI‐RADS 3.PurposeTo develop a nomogram based on MRI features for detecting muscle invasion in VI–RADS 3.Study TypeRetrospective.Population235 cases (Age: 67.5 ± 11.5 years) with 11.9% females were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 164) and a validation cohort (n = 71).Field Strength/Sequence3T, T2‐weighted imaging (turbo spin‐echo), diffusion‐weighted imaging (breathing‐free spin echo), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (gradient echo).Assessment3 features were selected from the training cohort, including tumor contact length greater than maximum tumor diameter (TCL > Dmax), flat tumor morphology, and lower standard deviation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCSD). Three readers assessed VI‐RADS scores and the tumor morphology.Statistical TestsInterobserver agreement was assessed by Kappa analysis. Features for final analysis were selected by logistic regression. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve, decision curve analysis, and calibration curve.ResultsTCL > Dmax, flat morphology, and lower ADCSD were the independent risk factors for muscle invasive in VI‐RADS 3. The AUCs, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the nomogram 1 composed of three features for detecting muscle invasion were 0.852 (95% CI: 0.793–0.912), 0.756, 0.917, and 0.663 in the training cohort, and 0.885 (95% CI: 0.801–0.969), 0.817, 0.900, and 0.784 in the validation cohort. The nomogram 2 without ADCSD has nearly the same performance as the nomogram 1.Data ConclusionNomogram can be an efficient tool for preoperative detection of muscle invasion in VI–RADS 3.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Preparation and Performance Study of Polyurethane/Epoxy Resin Interpenetrating Networks with Self‐Healing, Shape Memory, and High Damping Properties
Authors: Li Xi , Niu Yanhui , Ai Tao , Li Xu , Yang Peng , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Zhuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInterpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) possessing a wide damping temperature range are commonly employed as damping materials that are applied in numerous fields. But IPNs will gradually appear to fatigue microcracks and fracture when long‐term in the energy absorption and dissipation. So, the ability for IPNs to recover from damage is necessary that can considerably prolong their service life. Based on polyurethane elastomer and cross‐linked epoxy, several innovative self‐healing IPNs are designed and prepared in this research. The IPNs containing dynamic disulfide bond exhibit favorable damping and self‐healing properties. In detail, the loss factor of IPN‐80/20 is beyond 0.3 at temperatures between −0.8 and 65.5 °C that covers the operating temperature range at room temperature. What is more, The PU/EP IPNs also have excellent shape memory properties, self‐healing ability, and thermal stability.
From Forest to Future: Synthesis of Sustainable High Molecular Weight Polyamides Using and Investigating the AROP of β‐Pinene Lactam
Authors: Kleybolte Magdalena M. , Winnacker Malte 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolyamides (PA) are among the most essential and versatile polymers due to their outstanding characteristics, for example, high chemical resistance and temperature stability. Furthermore, nature‐derived monomers can introduce hard‐to‐synthesize structures into the PAs for unique polymer properties. Pinene, as one of the most abundant terpenes in nature and its presumable stability‐giving bicyclic structure, is therefore highly promising. This work presents simple anionic ring‐opening polymerizations of β‐pinene lactam (AROP) in‐bulk and in solution. PAs with high molecular weights, suitable for further processing, are produced. Their good mechanical, thermal (Tds up to 440 °C), and transparent appearance render them promising high‐performance biomaterials. In the following, the suitability of different initiators is discussed. Thereby, it is found that NaH is the most successful for in‐bulk polymerization, with a degree of polymerization (DP) of about 322. For solution‐AROP, iPrMgCl·LiCl is successfully used for the first time, achieving DPs up to about 163. The obtained PAs are also hot‐pressed, and the dynamic mechanical properties are analyzed.
A further case of AFG2B‐related neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and microcephaly allows further clarification of pathogenicity of the variant c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro)
Authors: Grosch Sarah , Kehrer Martin , Riess Olaf , Bevot Andrea , Haack Tobias B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBi‐allelic variants in AFG2B (previously known as SPATA5L1) have recently been associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity, as well as isolated hearing loss. We report on a 6 1/2‐year‐old girl with a history of global developmental delay, subsequent intellectual disability without relevant language acquisition, sensorineural hearing loss, muscular hypotonia and microcephaly.MethodsWe performed trio exome sequencing on the patient and her parents.ResultsTrio exome sequencing revealed likely pathogenic compound heterozygous missense variants in AFG2B [c.527G>T, p.(Gly176Val) and c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro)] in the patient.ConclusionOf note, the change c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro) has been observed in a previously published patient as part of a complex disease allele along with a second homozygous missense change, so the exact contribution of the two alterations to this patient's disease had initially remained unclear. Our results support the pathogenic relevance of the c.1313T>C, p.(Leu438Pro) allele while providing detailed insights into the disease manifestation of a further patient.
Description of the abilities of physiotherapists in terms of diagnostic hypothesis and management decision for self‐referred patients with musculoskeletal disorders in France using clinical vignettes: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Vignaud Hermine , Molins Constance , Legaux Clara , Slusznis Anouchka , Sarhan François‐Régis , Demont Anthony 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDirect access to physiotherapy has been introduced in several countries. In France, the healthcare system is evolving towards its introduction; however, no study has described the ability of physiotherapists in this context.ObjectiveTo describe the ability of physiotherapists practicing in France to formulate correct diagnostic hypotheses and make appropriate management decisions using clinical vignettes.MethodsPre‐existing validated clinical vignettes were used and integrated into a numerical questionnaire. The percentages of correct answers were calculated from the results concerning the choice of diagnostic hypothesis and the management decision, both overall and for the three different patient categories: musculoskeletal, non‐critical medical, and critical medical.ResultsFour hundred eighty‐two participants (1.7%) responded to the study. For the formulation of a diagnostic hypothesis, there were 43.0% (415/964), 26.6% (128/482), and 17.8% (86/482) correct answers respectively for the musculoskeletal, non‐critical medical, and critical medical categories. For management decisions, there were 60.8% (586/964), 61.6% (297/482), and 85.1% (410/482) correct answers respectively for the same categories.ConclusionsOur results related to the management decision were better than those for the diagnostic hypothesis, especially for the critical medical category. There is still room for improvement. It might be interesting to support this initial study by using more clinical vignettes validated in a French context.
How does the lower urinary tract contribute to bladder sensation? ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Grundy Luke , Wyndaele Jean J. , Hashitani Hikaru , Vahabi Bahareh , Wein Alan , Abrams Paul , Chakrabarty Basu , Fry Christopher H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimBladder sensation is critical for coordinating voluntary micturition to maintain healthy bladder function. Sensations are initiated by the activation of sensory afferents that innervate throughout the bladder wall. However, the physiological complexity that underlies the initiation of bladder sensory signaling in health and disease remains poorly understood. This review summarises the latest knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the generation of bladder sensation and identifies key areas for future research.MethodsExperts in bladder sensory signaling reviewed the literature on how the lower urinary tract contributes to bladder sensation and identified key research areas for discussion at the 10th International Consultation on Incontinence—Research Society.ResultsThe importance of bladder sensory signals in maintaining healthy bladder function is well established. However, better therapeutic management of bladder disorders with exaggerated bladder sensation, including overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is limited by a lack of knowledge in a number of key research areas including; the contribution of different nerves (pudendal, pelvic, hypogastric) to filling sensations in health and disease; the relative contribution of stretch sensitive (muscular) and stretch‐insensitive (mucosal) afferents to bladder sensation in health and disease; the direct and indirect contributions of the muscularis mucosae to bladder contraction and sensation; and the impact of manipulating urothelial release factors on bladder sensation.ConclusionDisturbances in bladder sensory signaling can have severe consequences for bladder sensation and function including the development of OAB and IC/BPS. Advancing therapeutic treatments for OAB and IC/BPS requires a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of bladder sensation, and key areas for future research have been identified.
The impact of external evaluation on donations to nonprofit organizations: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Lee Ye Ji , Choi Kiho , Yoo Ji Seon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines whether and to what extent each stage of evaluation by a nonprofit agency impacts donation revenue. We test the effects of the Korean evaluation agency's scoring, selection, and ratings disclosure stages on nonprofit organizations' future donations. Using a sample of Korean nonprofit organizations for 2017–2018, we find that the governance and financial performance scores constructed by the agency in the scoring stage are positively correlated with nonprofit organizations' future donations. We also find a positive correlation between selection by the agency during the selection stage and future donations to the selected organizations. Finally, we show that the star ratings disclosed by the agency in the ratings disclosure stage do not impact future donations because ratings are predicted by the governance and financial performance scores. Our results imply that the scoring and selection stages have strong positive signal effects on donors, whereas the ratings disclosure stage does not. These findings suggest that to help donors make decisions about resource contributions, external nonprofit agencies must primarily focus on improving the scoring methodology and selection criteria.
Transplacental non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs versus expectant management in fetal Ebstein anomaly with circular shunt: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mustafa Hiba J. , Aghajani Faezeh , Bairmani Zinah A. , Khalil Asma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEbstein anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation associated with high perinatal mortality. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to investigate the outcomes of pregnancies affected by EA or tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) with circular shunt, focusing on two prenatal management approaches: (1) expectant management (EM) and (2) transplacental non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) therapy. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science systematically from its inception until June 2023. The random‐effect model was used to pool the data. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value. Twenty‐one studies with a total of 610 fetuses with EA/TVD with circular shunt were included in the synthesis, of which 17 studies (583 fetuses) were on EM and 4 studies (27 fetuses) used transplacental NSAID therapy. The NSAID group had higher rates of moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation, hydrops, and pericardial effusion on prenatal ultrasound compared with the EM group. However, ductal constriction was achieved in 81% of NSAID cases, mitigating the disease pathophysiology, although 65% of them experienced oligohydramnios. Notably, the NSAID group showed significantly higher rates of live birth (86%) and survival to hospital discharge (89%) compared with the EM group (67% and 43%, respectively). Despite these promising results, it's important to acknowledge that the number of cases treated with NSAIDs was small, with limited safety data. Therefore, caution is advised in interpreting these findings, and patients considering NSAID therapy should be informed about these limitations. Future multicenter studies are necessary to further explore the safety and effectiveness of NSAID therapy in this particular population.
PIEZO1 is the most common monogenic etiology of non‐immune hydrops fetalis detected by prenatal exome sequencing
Authors: Brewer Casey J. , Makhamreh Mona M. , Shivashankar Kavya , McLaren Rodney , Toro Mariella , Berger Seth I. , Al‐Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the relevance of PIEZO1 variants detected by prenatal exome in the context of non‐immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF).MethodsA systematic review of prenatal exome studies from 1/1/2000‐8/1/2022 was performed. Thirty‐six studies met the inclusion criteria. PIEZO1 variants were categorized by disease mode (dominant (AD) versus recessive (AR)) and classified by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines.ResultsTwenty‐two pregnancies with 35 distinct PIEZO1 variants were included. We deemed PIEZO1 variants to be “likely diagnostic” in 12/22 pregnancies, “possibly diagnostic” in 7/22, and “unlikely diagnostic” in 3/22. In total, 19 of 191 NIHF cases diagnosed by prenatal exome were attributed to PIEZO1. Among likely diagnosed cases, the disease mode was AR in eight and AD in four. PIEZO1 variants causing AR NIHF were characterized by loss of function and isolated NIHF phenotype. PIEZO1 variants causing AD NIHF were characterized by gain of function in red blood cells, scarcity in databases, and sporadic inheritance. Missense variants associated with NIHF were clustered in three domains: transmembrane helical unit 4 (THU4), THU5, and the Cap.ConclusionPIEZO1 variants were reported in 10% of NIHF cases diagnosed by prenatal exome, making PIEZO1 the most common single gene reported in NIHF.