bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purpose and specifics of the constitutional and legal responsibility of the participants in the election process
Authors: Vyshnevska Maryna 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the purpose and specifics of the constitutional and legal responsibility of the participants of the election process.
It has been established that currently there is insufficient research on the systematic analysis of constitutional and legal responsibility. Ukrainian legislation regulates various types of legal liability, such as civil, criminal, and administrative, but it is little improved with regard to constitutional and legal liability. The term “constitutional and legal responsibility” is not used in the Constitution of Ukraine, although there are separate provisions related to this form of responsibility. This limits the possibility of using constitutional and legal responsibility to perform various tasks provided for by the constitutional law of Ukraine.
It was determined that constitutional and legal responsibility has a political nature and can arise even in the absence of violations of the law. In this context, constitutional responsibility is associated with actions that are viewed from a political point of view as negative. An example of such responsibility is the collective responsibility of the government before the parliament, which is provided for in Article 87 of the Constitution of Ukraine. Although this form of responsibility has a political aspect, it cannot be considered full-fledged political responsibility, since political responsibility and legal responsibility are different concepts. One of the differences of legal responsibility is that it is tied to the violation of legal norms, and this involves the application of appropriate coercive measures or sanctions, which are established by law.
It is emphasized that it is important to create effective regulation of this issue, to ensure a balance between freedom of speech and responsibility for spreading false information. The law should require mandatory fact-checking before publishing information in mass media or social networks during election campaigns.
Arguably, the development and implementation of electronic platforms for engaging citizens in the electoral process can simplify and improve their participation, including electronic voting, online consultations and other interactive means of communication with citizens.
Historical foundations of the formation and development of judicial people’s power in the world
Authors: Berch Veronika 
Published: December 2023

It is established that the development of judicial democracy worldwide is an exceptionally intriguing and relevant topic, as it signifies the gradual transformation of political systems towards increased citizen participation and influence in governance processes. From modern democratic societies to historical events of the past, the development of judicial democracy unveils numerous compelling aspects related to human rights, the principles of the rule of law, and the dynamics of power relations.
The analysis of the development of judicial democracy worldwide becomes a genuinely relevant and important task for understanding contemporary social and political dynamics, as well as for devising effective strategies to ensure justice and protect human rights.
The aim of the work is is to analyze the historical foundations of the formation and development of judicial people’s power in the world.
The methodological basis of the study is an empirical method, methods of diachronic and synchronous analysis in a historical context.
Results. The development of judicial democracy in the world can be periodized as follows: ancient times and ancient civilizations, the Middle Ages and the modern era, the revolutionary period, the 19th to the early 20th century, and the present day. As of today, jury courts operate in many countries worldwide. They handle a variety of cases, including criminal, civil, and administrative ones. In many European countries, jury courts are used to adjudicate serious criminal cases, where the verdict can be quite severe.
Conclusions. The jury system continues to evolve and adapt to contemporary challenges. In many countries, the emphasis is placed on ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all citizens participating in legal proceedings. Technological innovations also enable a more accessible and efficient process for case adjudication.
The jury trial is an integral part of the judicial systems in many countries worldwide. It has evolved over centuries, remaining a crucial mechanism for ensuring justice. The modern jury system reflects democratic values and guarantees citizen participation in legal processes, contributing to the preservation of justice and equality under the law.
Administrative and legal measures to overcome threats to energy security of Ukraine in the oil and gas sector
Authors: Tsybka Andrii 
Published: December 2023

Under martial law conditions in Ukraine since February 24, 2022, the oil and gas sector has faced unprecedented threats to energy security. This article aims to comprehensively analyze the state’s administrative and legal measures in overcoming threats in the oil and gas industry during martial law, focusing on the fuel and gas sectors.
The study employs various methods, including formal legal analysis of regulatory legal acts, the formal and dogmatic method to deduce the content of legal regulation for energy security in the oil and gas sector, and the systematic method to examine specific administrative and legal measures within the broader framework of Ukraine’s energy security.
The study delves into the administrative and legal measures implemented by Ukraine to address threats in the fuel and gas sectors. In the fuel sector, measures include simplifying bureaucratic procedures, prioritizing fuel imports from the EU, altering pricing mechanisms, and tax relief. The gas sector involves legislative changes, moratoriums on pricing and tariff increases, funding allocations, export bans, and the involvement of large energy companies.
Since martial law’s introduction, Ukraine applied diverse administrative and legal measures to enhance energy security in the oil and gas sector. The effectiveness of these measures requires a comprehensive approach, considering potential negative consequences. Strengthening the role of energy entities and aligning antimonopoly legislation with consumer protection is crucial. Timely legislation addressing the energy sector functioning under extraordinary circumstances is recommended for proactive threat response. Finally, the paper highlights the need for sustainable development criteria, emphasizing efficient energy resource use and the integration of renewable energy sources.
Features of responsibility for criminal offenses during martial law in Ukraine: a legislative review 2022-2023
Authors: Mishchuk Mykola 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the review of the legal regulation of criminal liability for the criminal offenses committed during the martial law and the state of emergency in connection with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, which has escalated into a full-scale war since February 24, 2022.
The author examines a package of criminal legal acts which regulate a number of issues related to enhancing criminal liability of criminal law subjects during the martial law. It was found that the introduction of martial law and the state of emergency has its own specific regulations, which means that along with the possible temporary restrictions on the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen for the period of the legal regime of martial law in the state, the specific means and mechanisms of legal regulation of substantive criminal law are becoming important in strengthening criminal liability for collaborative activities, the distribution of information aimed at promoting the actions of the aggressor state, crimes against the foundations of national security, looting etc. The article also considered circumstances that exclude the criminal illegality of an act and provide combat immunity under conditions of martial law.
The latter primarily include the Law of Ukraine “On Ensuring the Participation of Civilians in the Defense of Ukraine” of March 03, 2022 and the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and Other Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Determining the Circumstances Excluding Criminal Illegality of an Act and Ensuring Combat Immunity in the Conditions of Martial Law” of March 15, 2022. In addition, the Criminal Code was supplemented with Article 43-1 “Fulfillment of the duty to protect the Motherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine”. Furthermore, Section 2 “Final and Transitional Provisions” of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine was supplemented with the paragraph 22 as follows: “Civilians shall not be criminally liable for the use of firearms against persons carrying out armed aggression against Ukraine, if such weapons are used in accordance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine “On Ensuring the Participation of Civilians in the Defense of Ukraine”.
In general, taking into account our own experience and the experience of the international community, it is necessary to improve all criminal law institutions, both in the direction of criminalization and decriminalization of certain criminal offenses, given the special tasks of criminal law in a state of emergency. The primary task of the modern criminal law of Ukraine is to ensure the right to life, health of a person and citizen, to ensure peace and security, and to counter criminal offenses committed by the Russian Federation against the Ukrainian people.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Occurrence of Hypertension
Authors: Swapan Kumar Singha  , Abu Zahid Basunia  , AHM Anisuzzaman  
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Coronary and cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with hypertension or high blood pressure being a primary risk factor. Despite being a symptomless and incurable ailment, hypertension is often diagnosed in its severe stage with severe symptoms. Socioeconomic factors are considered to be one of the causes of hypertension, although various studies have yielded conflicting results about the exact relationship between socioeconomic status and hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and socioeconomic status within our country.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the effects of hypertension and socioeconomic status.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Habiganj, Bangladesh during the time period of June 2019 to May 2021 with 160 patients showing stage II and above. The patients were made aware of the study, and properly informed consent was taken from the patients about using their personal data for the study. Ethical approval was collected from the respected authority.
Result: The study included more female than male participants, with a ratio of 3 to 5. Three-fourths of the participants were married, while the rest were unmarried. The youngest participant was 35 years old, and the oldest was 73 years old. Participants aged 35-39 years constituted only 10% of the total sample, whereas 37.5% were older than 60 years. Most of the participants (70%) were from rural areas, while the remaining 30% were from urban localities. Nearly half of the participants (48.75%) had no formal education, and only a small proportion (6.25%) had attained higher education.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, hypertension was more prevalent among females than males. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be lower in individuals with higher levels of education and higher incomes. Hypertension was more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas, and various socioeconomic factors were believed to impact the mental health and stress levels of participants.
A Comparative Study on Social Policy Reforms for Facing the Ageing Population in Japan and Italy
Authors: Shandika Putra Damayana  
Published: December 2023

This study is conducted to analyze the social policies taken from two different countries—Japan and Italy—on facing the issue of an ageing population. Japan and Italy are chosen as the subjects of this study because both countries have similar demography and socio-economic backgrounds. This study focused on analyzing the policy approach on tackling the ageing population issues, especially related to the birth rate, economy, and labour force. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare the effectiveness of these social policies taken in both countries. This study is based on desktop research, mostly uses a secondary data analysis approach through online publications, reports, and regulations from the government and related organizations. The result of this study implies that both Japan and Italy have been successful in reducing the impacts of an ageing population. Both countries have similar policies approach related to these issues, such as the economic support for a family with children, work-life balance policies for career parents, and retirement age adjustment. However, related to migration policy, Japan is more restricted than Italy. The Japanese government has a preference to expand its international investments, rather than increasing the migrant entrance. Based on the lessons learned from Japan and Italy, I propose several recommendations for Indonesia.
Bimbingan Belajar Berhitung Pada Tingkat Anak Sekolah Dasar di Desa Suka Ramai
Authors: Agustini Rini 
Published: December 2023

Berhitung merupakan dasar dari beberapa ilmu yang dipakai dalam setiap kehidupan sehari-hari manusia. Kemampuan berhitung sangat penting bagi manusia, maka kemampuan berhitung ini perlu diajarkan sejak dini, dengan berbagai media dan metode yang tepat sehingga tidak dapat merusak pola perkembangan anak. Berhitung termasuk salah satu kemampuan kognitif yang perlu dikuasai anak-anak. Pendidikan sekolah dasar (SD) di Indonesia saat ini mengharuskan siswanya selain sudah bisa membaca harus bisa juga berhitung. Oleh karena itu kemampuan berhitung sebagai kemampuan dasar harus dimiliki dan dikembangkan. Wilayah Desa Suka Ramai berada di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, dimana Desa tersebut terdapat beberapa anak yang Sekolah Dasar dan sebagian kecil dari mereka kurang mahir bahkan tidak bisa menyelesaikan soal-soal penjumlahan, pengurangan, mengoperasikan perkalian dan pembagian meski usia mereka sudah sepantasnya bisa untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal tersebut. Desa Suka Ramai tidak memiliki program mampu berhitung. Sehingga perlu rasanya untuk memberi bekal kepada anak-anak agar memiliki kemampuan berhitung. Mengacu pada realita sekarang ini, sangat perlu untuk memberikan tindakan cepat yang membuat anak-anak Sekolah Dasar dapat berhitung dengan membuat bimbingan belajar berhitung di Desa Suka Ramai Kabupaten Mandailing Natal.
Suppression of the uprising led by S.T. Razin in Tambov and Shatsky counties in autumn-winter 1670
Authors: Shapovalenko Dmitrii Andreevich 
Published: December 2023

The object of the study is the government's actions to suppress the uprising of Stepan Timofeevich Razin in Tambov and Shatsky counties. The subject of the study is the actions of government troops against the rebels in these regions. The author examines in detail such aspects as: the activities of the voivodes (Y. T. Khitrovo, I. V. Buturlina, E. Pashkov, S. Khrushchev, A. Eropkin and B. E. Myshetsky) and a detailed description of the clashes of the military men of the Russian state with the rebels. Special attention is paid to the successes of the rebels, the number of forces, the number of trophies received after the battles, the interaction between cities, the problems faced by the voivodes, the composition of the troops, including the regional aspect of the serving people, the change in the leadership of the Y. T. Khitrovo regiments to B. E. Myshetsky and the relationship of the voivodes with Moscow. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and consistency. The methods used are logical and historical-genetic. The novelty of this study lies in a detailed analysis of the actions of government troops in Tambov and Shatsky counties. This is especially relevant in connection with the analysis of the situation in neighboring regions, where by the end of 1670 it was possible to localize the Razin movement. A special contribution of the author is a detailed analysis of the source database, which helped in achieving the research goal. The main conclusions of the study are: the situation in these regions that has developed negatively for government troops is due to the large number of military personnel living in Shatsky and Tambov counties who actively joined the ranks of the rebels; the presence of a large number of problems in the regiments and the incompetence of the commanders. Also, as a conclusion, we can note the rather prompt response of the government to such an urgent and rapidly changing situation in the regions.
Groundwater vulnerability to pollution in degraded coal mining areas: modifying the DRASTIC method using the factor of exploitation impact on land surface
Authors: Krogulec Ewa , Bukowski Przemysław , Niedbalska Katarzyna , Trzeciak Joanna , Zabłocki Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

Mining activities such as underground exploitation of hard coal deposits and open cast mining are strong factors on groundwater depending on mine life cycle phases. The impact of coal mining activities on groundwater have been reported from many countries. In this case, a vulnerability assessment was conducted base on standard DRASTIC method and its modification DRASTIC MINE (DRASTICM) method. In order to take into account, the impact of mining activities, a new parameter was added which defined the impact of coal seams on the rock mass above, including the degree of its drainage and the range of its impact. In the standard DRASTIC method, the results indicate that groundwater vulnerability with high (38.6%) and very high occurrence classes (16.9% of the area), mostly covers the central part of the cast mine. In contrast, the reclaimed area of the excavation is a low-class area. The DRASTICM method increased the vulnerability index from 3 to 24 on 95% of the area, so a new vulnerability class of extremely high was delineated, which occurred in 1.6% of the area. This indicates areas that should be treated as a priority in order to avoid pollution, and in the final stage to plan activities in the field of the reclamation of mining areas. The results showed that groundwater vulnerability assessment in coal mining areas can be significantly improved.
Assessment of Auditory Brainstem Response in Infants Suffering from Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: ElBaioumy Nesma Ghareeb , ElShehaby Walid Ahmed , ElGharib Amany Mohammed , Morad Lamia , ElToukhy Abeer Abdelrahman 
Published: December 2023

Background: Congenital heart defects are the singular most common congenital anomalies and account for a significant fraction of childhood mortality and morbidity. Hearing impairment was the most frequent sensory deficit. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was determined to assess the maturation and function of brainstem, and hence, hearing in infants. Therefore, we used ABR for hearing assessment in infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 infants, below or above the age of 12 months, both sexes, with CHD. Infants were furtherly divided into two equal groups: Group A with a cyanotic infant, and group B with cyanotic infants. All patients were subjected to Echocardiography.
Results: 20% of our cases to be affected with varying degrees of hearing loss. No significant difference was found between the cyanotic and a cyanotic infant. However, cyanotic infants below 12 months had higher incidence of hearing loss when compared to those above the age of 12 months; whether the cyanotic or the cyanotic peers.
Conclusions: High prevalence of hearing loss amongst patients with CHD warrants the addition of those patients to the high-risk registry for hearing loss, in order that they may benefit from early detection and intervention, and ergo protected against the affection of hearing impairment on their neurodevelopment. Routine follow-ups for patients with cyanotic heart disease from the age of 6 months to assess the effect of chronic hypoxemia on the inner ear and monitor the rate of improvement in ABR results, as to establish an accepted rate of improvement, and an appropriate time of intervention, if needed.
Ethno-Botanical Survey: Exploring Indigenous Remedies for African Animal Trypanosomosis in Nigeria
Authors: Shehu Makoshi Micah , Elisha Ishaku Leo , Adeoye Bisi Olajumoke , Arowolo R. O. A. 
Published: December 2023

The Fulani pastoralist of Nigeria and other indigenous livestock farmers have used medicinal plants to treat various animal diseases for centuries, amongst which include the African animal trypanosomosis (AAT). It is a severe debilitating parasitic disease of livestock and some wild animal species. It is caused by pathogenic Trypanosomes and transmitted by Tsetse flies. It causes severe economic losses to livestock farmers in Africa. In this study, an ethno-botanical survey was conducted in the Tsetse-endemic areas of Bauchi, Plateau and Kaduna States of Nigeria to identify medicinal plants used traditionally to treat AAT. During the study, eighty questionnaires were administered to the respondents who were predominantly Fulani pastoralists, and other indigenous livestock farmers. seventy-eight questioners were fully completed and retrieved. The study revealed that that most of the respondents have retained the tradition knowledge system of medicinal plants passed down to them for generations. The study revealed various herbal preparation methods employed by indigenous Nigerian livestock farmers, including decoctions, infusions, and incorporating plant material into feed. Fifteen medicinal plants species belonging to 13 families were identified to be used by Nigerian pastoralist for the treatment AAT. These included Khaya senegalensis (28.2%), Azadirachta indica (25.6%), Boswellia dalziellii (23%), Prosopis africana (23%), Anogeisus leocarpus and Terminalia avicennioides (21.8%), Adansonia digitata and Annona senegalensis (19.2%), Pilostigma thoningii (16.7%), Nauclea latifolia (15.0%). Balanites aegyptiaca (12.5%). Eucalyptus torelliana (11.5%), Tamarindus indica (10.3%), Ximenia americana (9%) and Guiera senegalensis 7.7%).
Conclusions: The information obtained from this study and the medicinal plants identified can be harnessed for the development of plant-based medicaments for the treatment of AAT.