bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of thoracic epidural and paravertebral blockade in reducing chronic post-thoracotomy pain: 2 (TOPIC 2)
Authors: Shelley Ben , Goebel Andreas , Grant Stephen , Jackson Louise , Jarrett Hugh , Jepson Marcus , Kerr Amy , Marczin Nandor , Mehta Rajnikant , Melody Teresa , Middleton Lee , Naidu Babu , Szentgyorgyi Lajos , Tearne Sarah , Watkins Ben , Wilson Matthew , Worrall Andrew , Yeung Joyce , Smith Fang Gao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Thoracotomy is considered one of the most painful surgical procedures and can cause debilitating chronic post-surgical pain lasting months or years postoperatively. Aggressive management of acute pain resulting from thoracotomy may reduce the likelihood of developing chronic pain. This trial compares the two most commonly used modes of acute analgesia provision at the time of thoracotomy (thoracic epidural blockade (TEB) and paravertebral blockade (PVB)) in terms of their clinical and cost-effectiveness in preventing chronic post-thoracotomy pain.

Methods
TOPIC 2 is a multi-centre, open-label, parallel group, superiority, randomised controlled trial, with an internal pilot investigating the use of TEB and PVB in 1026 adult (≥ 18 years old) patients undergoing thoracotomy in up to 20 thoracic centres throughout the UK. Patients (N = 1026) will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either TEB or PVB. During the first year, the trial will include an integrated QuinteT (Qualitative Research Integrated into Trials) Recruitment Intervention (QRI) with the aim of optimising recruitment and informed consent. The primary outcome is the incidence of chronic post-surgical pain at 6 months post-randomisation defined as ‘worst chest pain over the last week’ equating to a visual analogue score greater than or equal to 40 mm indicating at least a moderate level of pain. Secondary outcomes include acute pain, complications of regional analgesia and surgery, health-related quality of life, mortality and a health economic analysis.

Discussion
Both TEB and PVB have been demonstrated to be effective in the prevention of acute pain following thoracotomy and nationally practice is divided. Identification of which mode of analgesia is both clinically and cost-effective in preventing chronic post-thoracotomy pain could ameliorate the debilitating effects of chronic pain, improving health-related quality of life, facilitating return to work and caring responsibilities and resulting in a cost saving to the NHS.

Trial registration
NCT03677856 [ClinicalTrials.gov] registered September 19, 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03677856. First patient recruited 8 January 2019.
Rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of mechanical neuroprotection in reducing the risk of silent brain infarcts associated with percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: study protocol for a LAAC-SBI trial
Authors: Streb Witold , Lasek-Bal Anetta , Mitręga Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Jacek , Podolecki Tomasz , Kowalska Wiktoria , Olma Anna , Sobczyk Agata , Kalarus Zbigniew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) procedures prevent cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation who have contraindications to oral anticoagulant medications. However, these procedures carry certain risks of peri-procedural complications. One such complication is silent brain infarcts (SBI), which can lead to cognitive impairment and mood disturbances. The implementation of mechanical neuroprotection systems during LAAC procedures may reduce the risk of SBI and associated cognitive and mood disorders.

Methods
The LAAC-SBI trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, and double-blind interventional study. The study aims to enroll a total of 240 patients, with 120 patients allocated to each group. The study group will evaluate the use of the Sentinel CPS during LAAC, while the control group will undergo LAAC procedures without the Sentinel CPS. The primary endpoint of the study is the number of new SBIs or stroke foci detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI). Secondary endpoints include deterioration of cognitive function, development of dementia syndrome, and occurrence of depressive disorders. These endpoints will be assessed using questionnaire tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test (TMT), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The observational period for patients in the study is 2 years.

Discussion
If the study demonstrates a favorable outcome with reduced incidence of SBI and improved cognitive and mood outcomes in patients receiving cerebral protection devices during LAAC, it will have significant implications for clinical management standards. This would support the use of neuroprotection devices not only for LAAC but also in procedures such as atrial fibrillation ablation or transcatheter mitral valve interventions, where the risk of embolic events and subsequent brain injury may also be present.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05369195. Registration on 11.05.2022.
Enhancing prediction of supraspinatus/infraspinatus tendon complex injuries through integration of deep visual features and clinical information: a multicenter two-round assessment study
Authors: Alike Yamuhanmode , Li Cheng , Hou Jingyi , Long Yi , Zhang Jinming , Zhou Chuanhai , Zhang Zongda , Zhu Qi , Li Tao , Cao Shinan , Zhang Yuanhao , Wang Dan , Cheng Shuangqin , Yang Rui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Develop and evaluate an ensemble clinical machine learning–deep learning (CML-DL) model integrating deep visual features and clinical data to improve the prediction of supraspinatus/infraspinatus tendon complex (SITC) injuries.

Methods
Patients with suspected SITC injuries were retrospectively recruited from two hospitals, with clinical data and shoulder x-ray radiographs collected. An ensemble CML-DL model was developed for diagnosing normal or insignificant rotator cuff abnormality (NIRCA) and significant rotator cuff tear (SRCT). All patients suspected with SRCT were confirmed by arthroscopy examination. The model’s performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics, and a two-round assessment was conducted to authenticate its clinical applicability.

Results
A total of 974 patients were divided into three cohorts: the training cohort (n = 828), the internal validation cohort (n = 89), and the external validation cohort (n = 57). The CML-DL model, which integrates clinical and deep visual features, demonstrated superior performance compared to individual models of either type. The model’s sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under curve (95% confidence interval) were 0.880, 0.812, 0.836, and 0.902 (0.858–0.947), respectively. The CML-DL model exhibited higher sensitivity and specificity compared to or on par with the physicians in all validation cohorts. Furthermore, the assistance of the ensemble CML-DL model resulted in a significant improvement in sensitivity for junior physicians in all validation cohorts, without any reduction in specificity.

Conclusions
The ensembled CML-DL model provides a solution to help physicians improve the diagnosis performance of SITC injury, especially for junior physicians with limited expertise.

Critical relevance statement
The ensembled clinical machine learning–deep learning (CML-DL) model integrating deep visual features and clinical data provides a superior performance in the diagnosis of supraspinatus/infraspinatus tendon complex (SITC) injuries, particularly for junior physicians with limited expertise.

Key points
1. Integrating clinical and deep visual features improves diagnosing SITC injuries.
2. Ensemble CML-DL model validated for clinical use in two-round assessment.
3. Ensemble model boosts sensitivity in SITC injury diagnosis for junior physicians.

Graphical Abstract
An example of a convergent mixed-methods analysis to examine food security: the case of Popokabaka in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mbunga Branly Kilola , Mapatano Mala Ali , Egbende Landry , Strand Tor A. , Hatloy Anne , Engebretsen Ingunn M. S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Food insecurity is alarming in all four dimensions—availability, access, utilization, and stability—in Popokabaka, DR Congo. In such cases, a unique indicator may not help to develop adapted and local long-term actions. A comprehensive analysis of food insecurity is needed. We aimed to examine the burden and extent of food insecurity and suggest integrative pathways using a mixed approach for transformative actions at the local level.

Methods
We designed a convergent parallel mixed-methods study with four-level data sources collected in Popokabaka: (1) a household food survey (using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), a Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and the Food Consumption Score (FCS), (2) a market food census (assessing food availability and cost per 100 g), and (3) an exit food market survey (assessing buyers' food choices and client satisfaction), and (4) on-farm qualitative study among food producers (exploring challenges and opportunities). Descriptive statistics from our quantitative data were triangulated with themes emerging from qualitative data.

Results
Popokabaka experienced severe food access insecurity (89%), poor food consumption (40.7%), and low dietary diversity (30.2%) at the household level. The quantitative findings at the household level were linked to market characteristics and farmer-reported themes under three pathways: poor diet quality, culturally grounded diet, and risk perception.

Conclusions
The focus should be on improving livestock development, developing adapted communications about nutrition to change established dietary habits, and engaging the government and all stakeholders to empower local communities for improved food security.
Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea
Authors: Tao Siqi , Veen G. F. , Zhang Naili , Yu Tianhe , Qu Laiye 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Declines in plant biodiversity often have negative consequences for plant community productivity, and it becomes increasingly acknowledged that this may be driven by shifts in soil microbial communities. So far, the role of fungal communities in driving tree diversity-productivity relationships has been well assessed in forests. However, the role of bacteria and archaea, which are also highly abundant in forest soils and perform pivotal ecosystem functions, has been less investigated in this context. Here, we investigated how tree and shrub richness affects stand-level tree productivity by regulating bacterial and archaeal community diversity and composition. We used a landscape-scale, subtropical tree biodiversity experiment (BEF-China) where tree (1, 2, or 4 species) and shrub richness (0, 2, 4, 8 species) were modified.

Results
Our findings indicated a noteworthy decline in soil bacterial α-diversity as tree species richness increased from monoculture to 2- and 4- tree species mixtures, but a significant increase in archaeal α-diversity. Additionally, we observed that the impact of shrub species richness on microbial α-diversity was largely dependent on the level of tree species richness. The increase in tree species richness greatly reduced the variability in bacterial community composition and the complexity of co-occurrence network, but this effect was marginal for archaea. Both tree and shrub species richness increased the stand-level tree productivity by regulating the diversity and composition of bacterial community and archaeal diversity, with the effects being mediated via increases in soil C:N ratios.

Conclusions
Our findings provide insight into the importance of bacterial and archaeal communities in driving the relationship between plant diversity and productivity in subtropical forests and highlight the necessity for a better understanding of prokaryotic communities in forest soils.
Nationwide urban ground deformation in Japan for 15 years detected by ALOS and Sentinel-1
Authors: Morishita Yu , Sugimoto Ryu , Nakamura Ryosuke , Tsutsumi Chiaki , Natsuaki Ryo , Shimada Masanobu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInSAR time series analysis has become a major tool for nationwide land deformation monitoring. Sentinel-1 SAR data have enabled us to measure and monitor ground deformation globally with high accuracy and resolution through InSAR time series analysis, due to its constant and frequent global coverage and open data policy since 2014. Although several datasets from previous SAR satellites were available before Sentinel-1, such comprehensive deformation monitoring was not performed due to several limitations such as data quality, analysis technique, data policy, and processing capacity at that time. However, since a large amount of ALOS InSAR products and an open-source InSAR time series analysis tool LiCSBAS have become openly and freely available, we can easily derive the deformation from 2006 to 2011 by using them. In this study, we detected the deformation time series and velocity in all major urban areas in Japan from 2006 to 2011 and compared the results with the deformation from 2014 to 2020 detected by Sentinel-1 data. The two deformation datasets with different time periods revealed various 15-year deformation histories, such as long-term constant subsidence in Tomakomai and Niigata, changes in deformation areas and/or velocities in Hirosaki, Kujyukuri, Kanazawa, and Matsushiro, and appearance or disappearance of deformation in Joso, Yoyogi, and Kyoto. Future abundant and continuous SAR data acquisitions will reveal more long-term deformation transitions and help to understand the details of the mechanisms.
Unintended pregnancy and contraceptive use among women in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gelaw Kelemu Abebe , Atalay Yibeltal Assefa , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Unintended pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality associated with abortion, inadequate contraceptive use, contraceptive failure, and contraceptive discontinuation in low- and middle-income countries. Most unintended pregnancies occur in regions with limited availability of maternal health services, resulting in a significant number of maternal deaths. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the overall prevalence of unintended pregnancy among women using contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries.

Method
PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Ethiopian University Online Library were searched. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA statistical software (version 14). Publication bias was checked using forest plot, Begg rank test, and Egger regression test. To check for heterogeneity, I2 was calculated and an overall estimation analysis was performed. Subgroup analysis was conducted by study setting, study design, and publication. The Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of each study. We performed a one-time sensitivity analysis.

Results
Of the 1304 articles retrieved, 23 studies (involving 40,338 subjects) met the eligibility criteria and were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of unintended pregnancy among women using contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries was 44.68% (95% CI: 35.16–54.20; I2 = 99.7%, P < 0.001). Based on subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of unintended events was 43.58% (CI: 32.99, 54.173) and 49.93% (CI: 28.298, 71.555) for cross-sectional and cohort studies, respectively. Based on the study design, it was 34.47% (CI: 27.012, 41.933) for community studies and 55.85% (CI: 33.364, 78.339) for institutional studies.

Conclusion
The overall prevalence of unintended pregnancy was high among women using contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, it is better to pay attention to prevention strategies for unintended pregnancy, such as information and education accessibility and contraceptive utilization.
Development and application of a self-assembling split-fluorescent protein toolkit to monitor geminiviral movement and infection in plant
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Hu Tao , Liu Hui , Su Chenlu , Xie Li , Wang Zhanqi , Zhou Xueping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGeminiviruses are a group of circular single-stranded DNA viruses that cause severe diseases in many crop plants. However, there is still no fluorescent protein tag suitable for labeling viral proteins endogenously due to the limited genomic space and structure of geminiviruses for foreign gene fragment insertion. Here, we established a split super-folder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP)-based imaging system that provides a platform to visualize the subcellular localization of geminiviral proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. A short fragment of the GFP- coding sequence (GFP11) was inserted into a specific locus of the geminiviral genome, while the remainder of the GFP (GFP1–10) was transiently or constitutively expressed in N. benthamiana. Consequently, complementation fluorescence enables the examination of the subcellular localization of viral proteins in particular cells. Using this split sfGFP system, we examined the subcellular localization of the coat protein and BV1 protein of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) and further monitored its intercellular and long-distance movement in N. benthamiana during viral infection. This approach allows us to study endogenously the subcellular localization and viral movement of geminiviruses in N. benthamiana. This new split sfGFP system may also hold the potential to provide orthogonal fluorescent proteins usable for geminiviral genome tagging in plants.
Screening with Limited Information: A Dual Perspective
Authors: Chen Zhi , Hu Zhenyu , Wang Ruiqin 
Published: November 2023

A Dual Perspective to the Robust Screening Problem Robust screening problem is concerned with the problem of a seller seeking a selling mechanism that maximizes the worst-case revenue obtained from a buyer whose valuation distribution lies in a certain ambiguity set. In the paper “Screening with Limited Information: A Dual Perspective”, Z. Chen, Z. Hu, and R. Wang show that strong duality holds between the problem of finding the optimal robust mechanism and a minimax pricing problem, where the adversary first chooses a worst-case distribution and then the seller decides the best posted price mechanism. The duality result connects prior literature that separately studies the primal (robust screening) and problems related to the dual and offers a unified geometric intuition in solving the problem.
The Influence of Paola Serena's Endorsement on Avoskin's Brand Awareness Through Instagram Social Media
Authors: Fadillah Elsa Kurnia , Hariyanti Nunik 
Published: November 2023

This research aims to determine the influence of beauty influencer Paola Serena on Avoskin brand awareness among her followers. Paola Serena is known as a beauty influencer who is quite influential on Instagram. Avoskin is a local Indonesian skincare brand that was founded in 2014. Avoskin carries out brand awareness by holding make some new product they call “devine Aura Series” to reintroduce Avoskin products to increase brand awareness to the public, by collaborating with Paola Serena. This method of this research is used quantitative methods, with probability sampling involving 134 respondents, and was processed using SPSS 22.0. The research results showed the calculation of the Celebrity Endorser variable score has the highest score, 34.72, its mean that there is a success from Endorsement Beauty Influencer Paola Serena who made her followers know about Avoskin and even bought Avoskin products. The cumulative score for the brand awareness variable is 27.67. The cumulative score of all variables was a value of 31.19, which shows that the results are within the effective scale range. Meanwhile, the effects and results of the persuasive message that Paola Serena conveyed show that there is an influence on Avoskin's brand awareness on Instagram social media.
Analysis of the moral message contained in the just Mom Movie 2021
Authors: Azizy Ahmad Aufarul , Nur Fitrinanda An 
Published: November 2023

Human life never escapes communication. The process of interaction interacts socially through symbols and messaging systems. Communication is an important aspect of people's lives, both directly and indirectly. With communication, it can add insight and information. Film is one of the words that is familiar to today's society, film can be considered a powerful communication tool because it is in the form of audio visual which means it has a message contained in it. One of the messages contained in the film is a moral message. There are many types of moral messages conveyed through means of communication. One of them is through a comprehensive film media for the public.Film is a form of mass communication medium that presents messages effectively. The film not only presents exciting experiences but also relates to daily life experiences that are packaged interestingly, as depicted in a family film called Just Mom. Using John Fiske's semiotics, this study focuses on knowing the moral message contained in the film Just Mom through the level of reality, level of representation, and level of ideology. The results of this study show that the moral message contained in the film "Just Mom" is represented through expression, dialogue and interaction between parents and children.
Subscriber perception of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia documentary film "Bergerak Dengan Bahagia, Bergerak Untuk Indonesia" in 2022
Authors: Faiz Ramadhan Andhika Srindra , Suciati Suciati 
Published: November 2023

PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI) is the only company that provides railway transport in Indonesia. PT KAI conducts its promotional strategy through its YouTube channel namely Kereta Api Kita, by creating documentary film with the title " Bergerak dengan Bahagia, Bergerak untuk Indonesia". This is a strategy used by a transport service company to promote its services and build the company's brand image to consumers. The purpose of this study is to describe the subscriber's perception of PT KAI's documentary film " Bergerak dengan Bahagia, Bergerak untuk Indonesia". The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing the three speakers and through documentation. Data analysis used is by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found that subscribers positive perceptions about the narrative techniques displayed in the KAI documentary are well presented, the conflict is not engineered and the plot of the film is in line with reality. In addition, negative perceptions include testimonials regarding the facilities provided that are considered not representative of the reality that occurs in the field. Some testimonials given are considered mere settings. The subscriber's interest in PT KAI and also the experience in using PT KAI services are the main factors in perceiving the documentary film.