bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Kallikrein 4: Quantitative Study in Tissues and Evidence for Its Secretion into Biological Fluids
Authors: Obiezu Christina V , Shan Shannon JC , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Luo Liu-Ying , Grass Linda , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Petraki Constantina D , Papanastasiou Panos A , Levesque Michael A , Diamandis Eleftherios P 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background: Human kallikrein 4 (hK4) is a proteolytic enzyme belonging to the tissue kallikrein family of serine proteases. Previous tissue expression studies have demonstrated highest KLK4 mRNA expression in prostatic tissue, but there has been only limited evidence for the presence of hK4 protein in prostate and other tissues and in corresponding biological secretions.
Methods: To investigate the concentrations of hK4 in tissues and biological fluids, we developed a new hK4-specific sandwich-type immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody as the capture reagent.
Results: The assay has a detection limit of 0.02 μg/L and &lt;0.1% cross-reactivity toward any of the other 14 human kallikreins. Twelve of 40 tissue extracts prepared from various human tissues contained detectable hK4 concentrations (0.68–7143 ng/g of total protein), with healthy prostate tissue containing the highest amount of hK4. Examination of 16 malignant and 18 benign prostate tissues revealed no significant differences in hK4 protein content, and the tissues contained a wide range of values (benign, &lt;0.02 to 801 ng/g; malignant, &lt;0.02 to 824 ng/g). Among the biological fluids tested, seminal plasma and urine contained widely varying amounts of hK4; concentrations in 54 urine samples were &lt;0.02 to 2.6 μg/L, whereas concentrations in 58 seminal plasma samples were 0.2–202 μg/L. Affinity purification of hK4 from seminal plasma and subsequent mass spectrometry demonstrated the secreted nature of hK4 in seminal plasma.
Conclusions: hK4 is found primarily in prostate tissue and is secreted in seminal plasma. Its value as a novel prostatic biomarker needs to be defined further.
Olfactory Evaluation in Children: Application to the CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Chalouhi Christel , Faulcon Patrick , Le Bihan Christine , Hertz-Pannier Lucie , Bonfils Pierre , Abadie Véronique 
Published: June 2005

Objective. To find an efficient tool for testing olfactory function in children and use it to investigate a group of children with CHARGE (coloboma, congenital heart disease, choanal atresia, mental and growth retardation, genital anomalies, and ear malformations and hearing loss) syndrome.
Methods. We adapted for children an olfaction test that had just been validated in an adult French population and investigated a control group of 25 healthy children aged 6 to 13 years. We then tested the olfactory capacity of a group of 14 children with CHARGE syndrome, aged 6 to 18 years. A questionnaire was completed with the parents about their children's feeding difficulties and their ability to recognize odors in everyday life. We recorded and scored the histories of feeding behavior anomalies, the visual and auditory status, and current intellectual levels. MRI of the olfactory tracts and bulbs was analyzed for 9 of 14 children.
Results. We showed that healthy children have similar olfactory function to that of the adult control group, which was representative of the general population, without any difference for either gender or age. We also showed that all children with CHARGE syndrome had olfactory deficiency. Half of them were anosmic, and the others had olfactory residual function (hyposmic). We found no association between olfactory deficiency and feeding behavior, visual or auditory impairment, or intellectual level. Parental subjective evaluations were accurate for only half of the group. All of the MRIs showed anomalies of the olfactory tracts and bulbs varying from moderate hypoplasia to complete aplasia, without any relation between the radiologic and the functional results.
Conclusions. Olfaction can be assessed in children, even the young and disabled. Our results support the proposition that rhinencephalon anomalies should be included as a major criterion for the diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome.
Effects of the State Children's Health Insurance Program Expansions on Children With Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Davidoff Amy , Kenney Genevieve , Dubay Lisa 
Published: June 2005

Objective. To estimate the effects of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) expansions on insurance coverage, use of health care services, and access to care for children with chronic health conditions.
Methods. The primary source of data was the National Health Interview Survey. Children with chronic health conditions were identified primarily through reported diagnoses of common chronic conditions (eg, asthma, attention-deficit disorder, mental retardation, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, sickle cell disease, diabetes, arthritis, heart disease) and on the presence of activity limitations caused by a health problem lasting at least 12 months. We examined changes in a broad array of outcomes for children with chronic health conditions who gained eligibility under SCHIP or who were already eligible for coverage under Medicaid, comparing the periods before and after implementation of the program. Changes for these treatment groups were compared with children with slightly higher incomes, who should not have been affected by the eligibility expansions. Comparisons were made with adjustment for child, family, and other characteristics that might have independent effects on the outcomes of interest. Outcomes included health insurance coverage, use of general and specialty services, access to care, and out-of-pocket spending on health care. Selected analyses were conducted for children not identified as having chronic health conditions.
Results. The SCHIP expansions resulted in a 9.8 percentage point increase in the proportion of children with chronic conditions reporting public insurance and a 6.4 percentage point decline in the proportion uninsured. Unmet need for health care decreased by 8 percentage points, with most of the decline found for dental care. Increases in specialist, eye care, and dental visits and decreases in out-of-pocket spending and emergency-department and mental health visits were observed but did not meet standards of statistical significance. Estimated reductions in unmet need were greater for children with chronic conditions than for other children.
Conclusions. Recent expansions in public insurance eligibility under SCHIP have improved coverage for children with chronic conditions, with selected improvements in access to care. However, some eligible children with chronic conditions remain uninsured, and the impact on access to care and service use were limited. Additional progress may require targeted outreach to children with chronic conditions and improvements in Medicaid and SCHIP service-delivery systems. Given the current fiscal environment and the fact that children with chronic conditions have not generally been protected from cutbacks, the recent progress documented in this study may be reversed.
Comparative Photobiology of Growth Responses to Two UV‐B Wavebands and UV‐C in Dim‐red‐light‐ and White‐light‐grown Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Seedlings: Physiological Evidence for Photoreactivation†
Authors: Shinkle James R. , Derickson Darcy L. , Barnes Paul W. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTWe examined the influence of short‐term exposures of different UV wavebands on the elongation and phototropic curvature of hypocotyls of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in white light (WL) and dim red light (DRL). We evaluated (1) whether different wavebands within the ultraviolet B (UV‐B) region elicit different responses; (2) the hypocotyl elongation response elicited by ultraviolet C (UV‐C); (3) whether irradiation with blue light–enriched white light (B/WL) given simultaneous with UV‐B treatments reversed the effect of UV in a manner indicative of photoreactivation; and (4) whether responses in WL‐grown plants were similar to those grown in DRL. Responses to brief (1–100 min) irradiations with three different UV wavebands all induced inhibition of elongation measured after 24 h. When WL‐grown seedlings were irradiated with light containing proportionally greater short wavelength UV‐B (37% of UV‐B between 280 and 300 nm), inhibition of hypocotyl elongation was induced at a threshold of 0.5 kJ m−2, whereas exposure to UV‐B including only wavelengths longer than 290 nm (and only 8% of UV‐B between 290 and 300 nm) induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation at a threshold of 1.6 kJ m−2. The UV‐C treatment induced reduction in elongation at a threshold of <0.01 kJ m−2 for DRL‐grown plants and <0.03 kJ m−2 for WL‐grown plants. B/WL caused 50% reversal of the short‐wavelength UV‐B–induced inhibition of elongation in DRL‐grown seedlings but did not reverse the effect of long‐wavelength UV‐B. B/WL caused 30% reversal of the UV‐C–induced inhibition of elongation in WL‐grown seedlings but did not affect the response to short‐wavelength UV‐B. Short‐wavelength UV‐B also induced positive phototropic curvature in both types of seedlings, and this was reversed 60% or completely in DRL‐grown and WL‐grown seedlings, respectively. The similarity of responses between the etiolated (DRL‐grown) and de‐etiolated (WL‐grown) seedlings indicates that the short‐wavelength specific response may be relevant to natural light environments, and the apparent photoreactivation implicates DNA damage as the sensory mechanism for the response.
Mechanism of Visible Light Phototoxicity on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Feuerstein Osnat , Ginsburg Isaac , Dayan Eti , Veler Dalya , Weiss Ervin I. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTPhototoxicity of visible light laser on the porphyrin‐producing bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the absence of photo‐sensitizers and under aerobic conditions was shown in previous studies. Recently, we found that the noncoherent visible light sources at wavelengths of 400–500 nm, commonly used in restorative dentistry, induced a phototoxic effect on P. gingivalis, as well as on Fusobacterium nucleatum, and to a lesser extent on the Streptococci sp. To elucidate the mechanism of this phototoxic effect, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were exposed to light (1) under aerobic and anaerobic environments and (2) in the presence of scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phototoxic effect was not observed when the bacteria were exposed to light under anaerobic conditions. Dimethyl thiourea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, was effective in reducing phototoxicity (P 0.05). Other scavengers, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid, were less effective when applied separately. These results support the assumption that the phototoxic effect of blue light on the periopathogenic bacteria is oxygen dependent and that hydroxyl radicals play an important role in this process.
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study of Hypericin‐photosensitized Oxidation of Low‐density Lipoproteins
Authors: Kascakova Slavka , Refreglers Matthieu , Jancura Daniel , Sureau Franck , Maurizot Jean‐Claude , Miskovsky Pavol 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTBy means of UV‐VIS absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp) interacts nonspecifically with low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), most probably with the lipid fraction of LDL. The molar ratio of monomeric Hyp binding to nonoxidized LDL and mildly oxidized LDL is 30:1. Increasing the Hyp concentration further leads to the formation of Hyp aggregates inside the LDL molecule. We also demonstrate that photoactivated Hyp oxidizes LDL in a light dose and excitation wavelength dependent manner. The level of oxidation of LDL depends on the amount of Hyp inside the LDL molecule. The maximum of the photosensitized oxidation of the LDL by Hyp is achieved for a 30:1 molar ratio, which corresponds to the maximum concentration of monomeric form of Hyp in LDL.
Modeling of a Type II Photofrin‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy Process in a Heterogeneous Tissue Phantom
Authors: Hu Xin‐Hua , Feng Yuanming , Lu Jun Q. , Allison Ron R. , Cuenca Rosa E. , Downie Gordon H. , Sibata Claudio H. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTWe present a quantitative framework to model a Type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) process in the time domain in which a set of rate equations are solved to describe molecular reactions. Calculation of steady‐state light distributions using a Monte Carlo method in a heterogeneous tissue phantom model demonstrates that the photon density differs significantly in a superficial tumor of only 3 mm thickness. The time dependences of the photosensitizer, oxygen and intracellular unoxidized receptor concentrations were obtained and monotonic decreases in the concentrations of the ground‐state photosensitizer and receptor were observed. By defining respective decay times, we quantitatively studied the effects of photon density, drug dose and oxygen concentration on photobleaching and cytotoxicity of a photofrin‐mediated PDT process. Comparison of the dependences of the receptor decay time on photon density and drug dose at different concentrations of oxygen clearly shows an oxygen threshold under which the receptor concentration remains constant or PDT exhibits no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the dependence of the photosensitizer and receptor decay times on the drug dose and photon density suggests the possibility of PDT improvement by maximizing cytotoxicity in a tumor with optimized light and drug doses. We also discuss the utility of this model toward the understanding of clinical PDT treatment of chest wall recurrence of breast carcinoma.
New tools, new outlooks, new opportunities
Authors: Ottino Julio M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractI argue that much of the success of chemical engineering during the period 1960–1980 was due to the adoption and mastering of mathematical tools, tools that opened horizons and helped define the profession. I argue that a similar opportunity is faced today, and that several tools from the area of complex systems, which we can readily embrace and develop, should be part of the standard toolkit of chemical engineering. I argue that the field is ready for this expansion, and that these tools will expand the core, crosslink domains, and open up areas where the profession will have much to contribute. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Analysis of human tear fluid by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Nagase Yasushi , Yoshida Satoshi , Kamiyama Kenji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to find some useful spectroscopic factors in human tear fluid contents to monitor diurnal changes of the physicochemical ocular conditions noninvasively. All tear fluid samples were collected with glass microcapillary tubes from both eyes of three donors and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR). We measured the peak intensities at 2852, 1735, 1546, and 1242 cm–1, and the peak intensity ratios among those peaks in the second derivative spectra. We found significant diurnal and individual variations in those peak intensities for tear fluid obtained from right and left eyes. Among these variations, we observed significant changes in tear samples between right and left eyes. In this case the peak intensity ratio between 1242 (phosphate ester) and 2852 cm–1 (fatty acid methylene) of right eye tear fluid was increased in the afternoon (1600 to 1900 h), while that of left eye tear fluid did not change significantly. In the ratio between 1242 (phosphate ester) and 1546 cm–1 (amide II), the difference was not observed between both eyes. We conclude that the difference in diurnal variations of biochemical constituents between right and left eye tear fluids could be monitored noninvasively and nondestructively by FTIR technique and this method could be useful in the future for tear diagnoses.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 18–27, 2005This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The Binding of Single‐Stranded DNA and PNA to Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Probed by Flow Linear Dichroism
Authors: Rajendra Jascindra , Rodger Alison 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe binding of single‐stranded DNAs and a neutral DNA analogue (peptide nucleic acid, PNA) to single‐walled carbon nanotubes in solution phase has been probed by absorbance spectroscopy and linear dichroism. The nanotubes are solubilised by aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate, in which the nucleic acids also dissolve. The linear dichroism (LD) of the nanotubes, when subtracted from that due to the nanotubes/nucleic acid samples, gives the LD of the bound nucleic acid. The binding of the single‐stranded DNA to the single‐walled nanotubes is quite different from that previously observed for double‐stranded DNA. It is likely that the nucleic acid bases lie flat on the nanotube surface with the backbone wrapping round the nanotube at an oblique angle in the region of 45°. The net effect is like beads on a string. The base orientation with the single‐stranded PNA is inverted with respect to that of the single‐stranded DNA, as shown by their oppositely signed LD signals.
Investigation of the Phase Diagrams of the Systems Ln—Ni—Pb (Ln: Y, La, Ce, Dy) and Crystal Structure of the Compounds Ln4Ni3Pb4 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr) and Ln5NiPb3 (Ln: Y, La, Ce, Pr, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu).
Authors: Gulay L. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Inversion of Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Biocatalytic Decarboxylation by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis Based on the Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Ijima Yoichiro , Matoishi Kaori , Terao Yosuke , Doi Nobuhide , Yanagawa Hiroshi , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Grignard Reagents with Aryl Fluorides via Pd‐ or Ni‐Activation of the C—F Bond: An Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biaryls — Application of Microwave Technology in Ligand and Catalyst Screening.
Authors: Dankwardt John W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Suzuki and Heck Coupling Reactions Mediated by Palladium Complexes Bearing trans‐Spanning Diphosphines.
Authors: Smith Rhett C. , Bodner Christina R. , Earl Meredith J. , Sears Nathaniel C. , Hill Nicholas E. , Bishop Lee M. , Sizemore Nicholas , Hehemann Dave T. , Bohn Justin J. , Protasiewicz John D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NaI‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Ring‐Opening [1 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Cyclopropenes with Imines: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐Vinylic Aziridines.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Zhang Junliang , Lu Lianghua , Jin Xin , Cai Yangjun , Hou Hairong 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Preparation of Trisubstituted (Z)‐Alkenes: Synthesis of the C17—C27 Fragment of (‐)‐Laulimalide.
Authors: Uenishi Jun'ichi , Ohmi Masashi , Matsui Katsuaki , Iwano Megumi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Materials Derived from YBCO: CrSr2LnCu2O8 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Lu).
Authors: Ruiz‐Bustos Rocio , Aguirre Myriam H. , Alario‐Franco Miguel A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Allylic and Homoallylic Alcohols with Dialkylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Pineschi Mauro , Del Moro Federica , Crotti Paolo , Di Bussolo Valeria , Macchia Franco 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleophilic Acyl Substitutions of Esters with Protic Nucleophiles Mediated by Amphoteric, Oxotitanium, and Vanadyl Species.
Authors: Chen Chien‐Tien , Kuo Jen‐Huang , Ku Cheng‐Hsiu , Weng Shiue‐Shien , Liu Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Phenylenedi(4′,4′′‐tetrahydroquinoline) and Di(4′,4′′‐tetrahydropyridine) Derivatives.
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Fang Fang , Zhu Songlei , Li Tuanjie , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhuang Qiya , Ji Shuijun , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of N‐Protected Allylic Amines and α‐Methylene‐β‐amino Acids from Vinylalumination/Baylis—Hillman Products via Tandem SN2′ Substitution—Overman Rearrangement.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Burghardt Thomas E. , Reddy M. Venkat Ram 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Substituted α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones, Pyrazoles, Isoxazoles and 2,4,6‐Triarylpyrylium Chlorophosphates via β‐Lithiation of Benzotriazolylvinyl Ethyl Ether.
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah Ashraf A. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organic Azides in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 33. Synthesis and Ring Closure Reactions of Pyrido[3,2,1‐jk]carbazol‐6‐ones.
Authors: Dang Hoai V. , Knobloch Bernd , Habib Nargues S. , Kappe Thomas , Stadlbauer Wolfgang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Acyl(imidoyl)ketenes. Part 8. Thermolysis of 3‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydropyrrolo [1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,2,4‐triones. Structure of 2‐(3‐Oxo‐4‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinoxalinyl)‐2,4‐di (ethoxycarbonyl)‐6‐phenyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrido [1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,3,5‐trione.
Authors: Maslivets A. N. , Aliev Z. G. , Krasnykh O. P. , Golovnina O. V. , Atovmyan L. O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bridgehead Nitrogen Heterocyclic System: Facile Synthesis and Bioactivity of s‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles, s‐Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazines and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Mohan Jag 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantiopure α‐Silyl‐Substituted α‐Hydroxyacetic Acids Using O—H Insertion Methodology and Boron‐Based Asymmetric Reductions.
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Saladin Sandra , Classen Arno , Kasyan Andrey , Veri Elisabetta , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Example of Hydrothiophosphorylation of 3‐Thiolene 1,1‐Dioxide.
Authors: Gusarova N. K. , Ivanova N. I. , Bogdanova M. V. , Sinegovskaya L. M. , Sukhov B. G. , Kopylova L. I. , Trofimov B. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Current Status of Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Methods for Discovering New Materials and Catalysts
Authors: Woo Seong Ihl , Kim Ki Woong , Cho Hyun Yong , Oh Kwang Seok , Jeon Min Ku , Tarte Naresh Hiralal , Kim Tai Suk , Mahmood Asif 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Two Dinuclear Iron(III) Complexes with Tripodal Ligands
Authors: Jin‐Lei Tian , Ming‐Jin Xie , Shi‐Ping Yan , Dai‐Zheng Liao , Zong‐Hui Jiang , Peng Cheng 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBy using the tripodal tetradentate ligands of tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) or tris(2‐benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (NTB), two dinunclear iron(III) complexes [Fe2L2(μ2‐O)(μ2‐p‐NH2‐C6H4COO)]3+ (L=TPA, 1 and L=NTB, 2) were obtained. Both of the two complexes crystallize in monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c. The cell parameters of 1: a=1.4529(4) nm, b=1.6622(5) nm, c=2.0625(6) nm, β=100.327(5)°, V=4.900(3) nm3, Z=4, F(000)=2344, Mr=1142.91, Dc=1.549 g/cm3, R1=0.0544, R2=0.0962. The cell parameters of 2: a=1.3378(4) nm, b=2.1174(7) nm, c=2.4351(7) nm, β=97.315(6)°, V=6.842(4) nm3, Z=4, F(000)=3116, Mr=1505.08, Dc=1.444 g/cm3, R1=0.0793, R2=0.1623. In both cases, the central iron(III) metal ions are coordinated to the four nitrogen atoms of TPA (or NTB) and two oxygen atoms from two different bridges to form a distorted octahedral geometry.