bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between a Machine Learning Model and Dental Specialists for Measuring Periodontal Bone Loss
Authors: Cerda Diego , Cerda Patricio , Vicuña Daniela , Ortuño Duniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Considering the prevalence of Periodontitis, new tools to help improve its diagnostic workflow could be beneficial. Machine Learning (ML) models have already been used in dentistry to automate radiographic analysis.
Aims
To determine the efficacy of an ML model for automatically measuring Periodontal Bone Loss (PBL) on panoramic radiographs.
Methods
A dataset of 2010 molar images with and without PBL was segmented using Label Studio. The dataset was split into n = 2010 images for building a training dataset and n = 40 images for building a testing dataset. We propose a model composed of three components. Firstly, statistical inference techniques find probability functions that best describe the segmented dataset. Secondly, Convolutional Neural Networks extract visual information from the training dataset. Thirdly, an algorithm calculates PBL as a percentage and classifies it in stages. Afterwards, a standardized test compared the model to two radiologists, two periodontists and one general dentist. The test was built using the testing dataset, 40 questions long, done in controlled conditions, with radiologists considered as ground truth. Presence or absence, percentage, and stage of PBL were asked, and time to answer the test was measured in seconds. Diagnostic indices, performance metrics and performance averages were calculated for each participant.
Results
The model had an acceptable performance for diagnosing light to moderate PBL (weighted sensitivity 0.23, weighted F1-score 0.29) and was able to achieve real-time diagnosis. However, it proved incapable of diagnosing severe PBL (sensitivity, precision, and F1-score = 0).
Conclusions
We propose a Machine Learning model that automates the diagnosis of Periodontal Bone Loss in panoramic radiographs with acceptable performance.
Factors associated with underutilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women in Serenje District, Central Province
Authors: Makina Maphious Shindanyi , Bwembya Phoebe Albina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (UNAIDS 201959). An estimated 604,000 new cases were diagnosed globally and an estimate of 342,000 deaths recorded in 2020 (Sung et al., 2021). According to WHO (202056) about 6.5% of all female cancers are cervical cancer related and 5% of cases are attributable to HIV. Zambia is ranked second on incidences of Cervical Cancer and mortality is estimated at 1,839 (WHO, 202030). Current utilization of cervical cancer screening services (CCSS) in Zambia among HIV positive women at 27%, implies underutilization (UNAIDS 201959). HIV Positive women in Serenje District have not been utilizing the services, as the percentage (25.8) of women accessing the service is low. This study determined factors associated with underutilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services (CCSS) among HIV + women in Serenje district. Methods; Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 303 HIV positive women in Serenje District of central province, Zambia. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit respondents from selected facilities and a structured questionnaire used for data collection. Statistical Software (STATA V 15), Univariate/bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine associations between variables. Results; Utilisation of CCSS in Serenje District was low. Only 42.24% of respondents reported utilizing the service. Being far from a healthcare facility [AOR: 0.49 (P < 0.036, 95% CI 0.25–0.96)], having low/inadequate knowledge [AOR: 0.26 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.13–0.54)], Low income [AOR: 0.16 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.06–0.37)] and attitude of women on CCSS [AOR: 0.26 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.12–0.53)] contributed to reduced utilisation. Conclusion; low knowledge, poor attitude and far distances to facilities as well as poor socio economic status were found to be the contributing factors to underutilization of the CCSS. In order to take the CCSS as closer to the communities as possible, it is recommended that the District designs and implements awareness campaigns on cervical cancer screening service; engages in outreach awareness campaigns; and conducts screening camps.
Physical and chemical characterization of Pb-rich particles from a Pb-Zn smelting and refining factory on the environment and health under semiarid conditions
Authors: JIMENEZ MARTIN SOTO , Roos-Muñoz S. , Soto-Morales S. , Gómez-Lizarrága L. E. , Bucio-Galindo L. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Metal-rich particles originating from non-ferrous metallurgical activities are the primary source of atmospheric metals. These particles vary in size, morphology, and elemental and mineral compositions and become integrated into urban environments alongside aerosols, dust, and soils. Over time, environmental influences cause these particles to weather, leading to alterations in composition, the development of secondary phases, and a significant impact on metal availability and toxicity compared to their initial state. This study focuses on lead (Pb)-rich particles emitted from the Met-Mex Peñoles complex, one of the world's largest Ag-Cd-Pb-Zn smelting and refining facilities, situated in Torreón, North Mexico, operating since 1901. Torreón is characterized by arid conditions, temperature fluctuations, and low humidity. Dry atmospheric particles were collected in 2015 and 2017 from Torreón's urban area within a 3 km radius of the Met-Mex Peñoles complex. Analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were employed to determine the elemental composition and mineralogy of Pb-rich particles. SEM-EDS analysis revealed diverse Pb-rich particle sizes and morphologies with varying Pb and other element contents. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Pb and Zn sulfides, Pb carbonates, Pb sulfate, and Pb oxides in urban dust, both as individual particles and agglomerates. Primary Pb minerals were linked to fugitive feed concentrates and smelter flue gas at Met-Mex Peñoles, while secondary Pb minerals resulted from direct emissions and weathering processes. Compared to galena, secondary Pb minerals like Pb carbonates, Pb sulfate, and Pb oxides exhibit higher chemical availability in the environment, posing greater risks to both the environment and human health. In summary, physical and chemical transformations in Pb-rich particles contribute to increased lead bioavailability and toxicity in urban dust, with substantial implications for environmental and human health. These findings underscore the potential consequences of lead-rich particle presence in urban areas.
Semi-arid Irrigation Farm Dams Are a Small Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Webb Jackie R , Quayle Wendy C , Ballester Carlos , Wells Naomi S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Small artificial waterbodies are larger emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) than natural waterbodies. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommends these waterbodies are accounted for in national emission inventories, yet data is extremely limited for irrigated landscapes. To derive a baseline of their greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, we investigated 38 irrigation farm dams in horticulture and broadacre cropping in semi-arid NSW, Australia. Dissolved CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured in spring and summer, 2021-2022. While all dams were sources of CH4 to the atmosphere, 52% of irrigation farm dams were sinks for CO2 and 70% were sinks for N2O. Relationships in the linear mixed effect models indicate that CO2 concentrations were primarily driven by dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium, and sediment carbon content, while N2O concentration was best explained by an interaction between DO and ammonium. Methane concentrations did not display any relationship with typical biological variables and instead were related to soil salinity, trophic status, and size. Carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions were highest in small (<0.001 km2) dams (305 g CO2-eq m-2 season-1) and in those used for recycling irrigation water (249 g CO2-eq m-2 season-1), with CH4 contributing 70% of average CO2-eq emissions. However, irrigation dams had considerably lower CH4 emissions (mean 40 kg ha-1 yr-1) than the IPCC emission factor (EF) of 183 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1 for constructed ponds and lower N2O EF of 0.06% than the indirect EF for agricultural surface waters (0.26%). This synoptic survey reveals existing models may be severely overestimating (4-5 times) farm dam CH4 and N2O emissions in semi-arid irrigation areas. Further research is needed to define these artificial waterbodies in emissions accounting.
The brain-bone marrow axis and its implications for chronic traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ritzel Rodney , Li Yun , Jiao Yun , Doran Sarah , Khan Niaz , Henry Rebecca , Brunner Kavitha , Loane David , Faden Alan , Szeto Gregory , Wu junfang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes acute and chronic alterations in systemic immune function which contribute to posttraumatic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. However, how TBI affects bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells chronically and to what extent such changes may negatively impact innate immunity and neurological function has not been examined. To further understand the role of BM cell derivatives on TBI outcome, we generated BM chimeric mice by transplanting BM from chronically injured or sham congenic donor mice into otherwise healthy, age-matched, irradiated hosts. After 8 weeks of reconstitution, peripheral myeloid cells from TBIàWT mice showed significantly higher oxidative stress levels and reduced phagocytic activity. At eight months after reconstitution, TBIàWT chimeric mice were leukopenic, with continued alterations in phagocytosis and oxidative stress responses, as well as persistent neurological deficits. Gene expression analysis revealed BM-driven changes in neuroinflammation and neuropathology after 8 weeks and 8 months of reconstitution, respectively. Chimeric mice subjected to TBI showed that longer reconstitution periods were associated with increased microgliosis and leukocyte infiltration. Thus, TBI causes chronic activation and progressive dysfunction of the BM stem/progenitor cell pool, which drives long-term deficits in innate immunity and neurological function, as well as altered sensitivity to subsequent brain injury.
Changes in social inequalities in excess body weight and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in a large Mediterranean city, 2016-2021
Authors: Lopez-Muley Carlos , López Maria José , Pérez Katherine , Sánchez-Ledesma Esther , Serral Gemma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to analyse the presence and changes of socioeconomic inequalities in excess weight and body dissatisfaction, stratified by sex, in 13- to 19-year-olds in a large Mediterranean city (Barcelona, Spain).
Methods: We used data from the 2016 and 2021 editions of the FRESC survey, which is a representative citywide survey that captures various aspects of adolescent health. Excess weight was determined by objective body mass index measurements. Body dissatisfaction was defined as the discrepancy between perceived and desired body shape. Socioeconomic status was divided into five pseudo-quintiles by using the Family Affluence Scale. We calculated the corresponding prevalence estimates and fitted robust Poisson regression models to estimate both simple and complex measures of inequality, including relative and absolute differences between the two survey years.
Results: During the study period, the overall prevalence of excess weight (25.3[23.9-26.6] vs. 29.8[28.2- 31.4]) and body dissatisfaction (44.2[42.6-45.8] vs. 60.4[58.7-62]) increased. Socioeconomic inequalities in excess weight significantly increased in girls (adjusted ratio of the relative index of inequalities = 1.72[1.08;2.74] but not in boys. Presence and persistence of socioeconomic inequalities were detected in body dissatisfaction in both girls and boys.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the presence of a sex-specific change in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent well-being regarding excess weight and body dissatisfaction. These results underscore the need for local public policies to improve social equity in adolescent health.
Trichoplusia Ni Transcriptomic Responses to the Phytosaponin Aglycone Hederagenin: Sex-related Differences
Authors: CHEN YINTING , LAFLEUR CHRISTINE , SMITH RYAN J. , KAUR DILJOT , DRISCOLL BRIAN T. , BEDE JACQUELINE C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many plant species, particularly legumes, protect themselves with saponins. Previously, a correlation was observed between levels of oleanolic acid-derived saponins, such as hederagenin, in the legume Medicago truncatula and caterpillar deterrence. Using concentrations that reflect the foliar levels, hederagenin did not have a toxic effect on 4th instar caterpillars of the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni nor did it act as a feeding deterrent. However, female caterpillars consumed more diet than males, presumably to obtain the additional nutrients required for oogenesis, and are, thus, exposed to higher hederagenin levels. When fed diet with lower hederagenin levels, male caterpillars expressed more genes encoding trypsin-like (LOC113500509, LOC113501951, LOC113501953, LOC113501966, LOC113501965, LOC113499659, LOC113501950, LOC113501948, LOC113501957, LOC113501962, LOC113497819, LOC113501946, LOC113503910) and the cytochrome P450 6B2-like (LOC113493761). When fed the high hederagenin, male caterpillars expressed stress-responsive genes (LOC113503484, LOC113505107). In contrast, female caterpillars expressed high levels of the cytochrome P450 6B7-like (LOC113492289). Bioinformatic tools predict that cytochrome P450s could catalyze the oxygenation of hederagenin which would increase the hydrophilicity of the compound. Expression of the MFS transporter (LOC113492899) showed a hederagenin dose-dependent increase in gene expression suggesting that this transporter may be involved in saponin efflux. These sex-related differences in feeding and detoxification should be taken into consideration in insecticide evaluations to minimize pesticide resistance.
Integration of Whole-Exome Sequencing and Structural Neuroimaging Analysis in Major Depressive Disorder: A Joint Study
Authors: Ham Byung-Joo , Oh Eun-Young , Han Kyu-Man , Kim Aram , Kang Youbin , Tae Woo-Suk , Han Mi-Ryung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness worldwide and is triggered by an intricate interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Although there are several studies on common variants in MDD, studies on rare variants are relatively limited. In addition, few studies have examined the genetic contributions to neurostructural alterations in MDD using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We performed WES in 367 patients with MDD and 161 healthy controls (HCs) to detect germline and copy number variations. Gene-based rare variants were analyzed to investigate the association between genes and individuals, followed by neuroimaging-genetic analysis to explore the neural mechanisms underlying the genetic impact in 234 patients with MDD and 135 HCs using diffusion tensor imaging data. We identified 40 MDD-related genes and observed 95 recurrent regions of copy number variations. We also discovered a novel gene, FRMPD3, carrying rare variants that influence MDD. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs771995197 in the MUC6 gene was significantly associated with the integrity of widespread white matter tracts. Moreover, we identified 918 rare exonic missense variants in genes associated with MDD susceptibility. We postulate that rare variants of FRMPD3 may contribute significantly to MDD, with a mild penetration effect.
Well-being during pregnancy and the transition to motherhood: an explorative study through the lens of healthcare professionals
Authors: Ekelöf Katarina , Thomas Kristin , Almquist-Tangen Gerd , Nyström Christine Delisle , Löf Marie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The perinatal period can be an overwhelming time involving significant physiological and psychosocial changes. The perinatal period has shown to be a time of increased vulnerability for onset or relapse of mental illness. Mental well-being such as resilience have positive effects on women’s physical and mental health during pregnancy as well as on pregnancy related outcomes. However, more knowledge is needed on what entails mental well-being during pregnancy and how it can be promoted. This qualitative study explores mental well-being during the perinatal period and promoting factors through the lens of healthcare professionals.
Methods
Individual interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals (n=16) through the chain of care. The informants worked in maternity healthcare centers, maternity wards and primary child healthcare centers and included midwives, obstetricians, psychologists and child healthcare nurses. A semi-structured interview guide and open-ended questions were used, and inductive content analysis was performed.
Results
Results described mental well-being during the perinatal period as “the being and the becoming of a mother – equanimity in the transition to motherhood”. According to data, mental well-being during pregnancy relies on inner resources that promote trust in the process of pregnancy, capability of being one’s own best friend and gatekeeping one’s mind. Additionally, experiencing trust during pregnancy including being in a safe environment, being able to share the transition, as well as experiencing fairness and equity were described as factors promoting mental wellbeing. Similarly, belonging to a caring and supportive wider network was also described as promoting mental well-being in terms of having access to role models through peer support groups and having emotional and practical support.
Conclusion
Mental well-being during the transition to motherhood can be promoted by supporting and building resources for equanimity. Findings emphasize the need to target mental health promoting factors on multiple levels including strengthening the inner resources of the individual, but also building social support structures around the individual.
Intraoperative circulatory arrest secondary to high-risk pulmonary embolism. Case series and updated literature review.
Authors: Cruz Gustavo , Pedroza Santiago , Giraldo Miller , Peña Alvaro , Calderón Camilo , Quintero Ivan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) with cardiac arrest (CA) represents a critical and potentially fatal condition. Available treatments include systemic thrombolysis, catheter-based thrombus fragmentation or aspiration, and surgical embolectomy. However, limited studies are focused on the optimal treatment choice for this critical condition. We present a case series and an updated review of the management of intraoperative CA secondary to PE.
Methods
A retrospective review of patients who developed high-risk intraoperative PE was performed between June 2012 and June 2022. For the updated review, a literature search on PubMed and Scopus was conducted which resulted in the inclusion of a total of 46 articles.
Results
A total of 196 174 major non-cardiac surgeries were performed between 2012 and 2022. Eight cases of intraoperative CA secondary to high-risk PE were identified. We found a mortality rate of 75%. Anticoagulation therapy was administered to one patient (12.5%), while two patients (25%) underwent thrombolysis, and one case (12.5%) underwent mechanical thrombectomy combined with thrombus aspiration. Based on the literature review and our 10-year experience, we propose an algorithm for the management of intraoperative CA caused by PE.
Conclusion
The essential components for adequate management of intraoperative PE with CA include hemodynamic support, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the implementation of a primary perfusion intervention. The prompt identification of the criteria for each specific treatment modality, guided by the individual patient's characteristics, is necessary for an optimal approach.
Network pharmacology and bioinformatics-based study on the mechanism and experimental validation of the inhibitory effect of Gan Song Drink on mechanism of action and experimental validation study of renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Yuan Ling , Liu Qian , Li Xiangyang , Yang Yifan , Li Jiaqing , Jiao Taiqiang , Niu Yang , Zhang Lei , Nan Yi , Dou Hongli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Gan Song Drink (GSY) is originated from the scripture "Gan Song Pills", a medical work of the Ningxia ethnic minorities, and its treatment of kidney diseases has good results. Its method of treating kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is still unknown, nevertheless.Methods Screening of GSY for active ingredients and targets using a network pharmacology approach and searching for KIRC-related targets via Genecards and GEO databases.Further construction of the protein interaction network and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were carried out. After that, molecular docking was carried out. Then, the clinical correlation analysis of the results of network pharmacology was carried out by using the method of biological information analysis. Finally, we used 786-O and ACHN cells for CCK8, apoptosis, cell cycle, plate clone formation, qRT-PCR and Western blotting in vitro cell experiments to verify the results of network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.Results With the help of network pharmacological analysis, six Hub targets were eliminated. Bioinformatics study revealed that the Hub target has clinically significant clinical guiding importance. The experimental findings demonstrated that GSY decreased the ability of 786-O and ACHN cells to produce clones, hindered the proliferation of these cells, induced apoptosis, halted the cell cycle, increased the expression of the ALB and CASP3 genes, and decreased the expression of the EGFR, JUN, MYC, and VEGFA genes.Protein expression of ALB and CASP3 increased, and protein expression of EGFR, JUN, MYC, and VEGFA showed a decreasing trend.Conclusions Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis showed that GSY could act on multiple targets through a variety of components to achieve the effect of treating KIRC. In this study, we confirmed that GSY inhibits KIRC by regulating the expression of core targets through in vitro cellular experiments, thus providing a reference for subsequent related studies.