bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“In fine whack”
Authors: Pinsker Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Noah Brooks, A Washington Correspondent For The Sacramento Daily Union, decided in July 1863 that it was time to provide his readers with a glimpse of President Lincoln’s daily life at the Soldiers’ Home. “The grounds are extensive and beautiful,” he reported, “and belong to the Government, which erected the large central building for disabled, homeless soldiers of the regular service.” He noted that the president and his family lived in one of “several two-story cottages” built “in the Gothic style” and located near the main hall. “Mr. Lincoln comes in early in the morning and returns about sunset,” he informed his readers, “unless he has a press of business—which is often—when he sleeps at the White House and has ‘prog’ sent up from Willard’s.” Brooks observed that a cavalry escort and an infantry company protected Lincoln, but he was concerned by the apparent gaps in the security around the president. “[T]o my unsophisticated judgment,” he wrote nervously, “nothing seems easier than a sudden cavalry raid from the Maryland side of the fortifications, past the few small forts, to seize the President of the United States.”
Teachers
Authors: Milees Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This passage extends the lineage, inserts the physician into that family, and defines the first of two familial obligations of physicians to this house of medicine. The lineage of medicine began with the Oath’s summoning of Apollo, Asclepius, Panacea, and Hygieia as witnesses and progenitors of medicine. In this passage, a physician enters the professional family of physicians by accepting his medical teachers as equal to his parents. Furthermore, the physician vows to assume filial obligations to the preceding generation of teachers.
The Health of The Public
Authors: Miles Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most bioethicists maintain that the Oath proposes a clinical ethic that is centered on the direct treatment of a patient and does not address the physician’s moral engagement with the broader society. Edelstein, for example, maintained that medical ethics in ancient Greece was simply bedside etiquette and that philosophers articulated the first clinical ethic with the Oath. Veatch describes Hippocratic ethics as “ultra-individualism” in its support for the professional autonomy of each physician. He says that the way that modern medical ethics hold physicians accountable to societal norms, such as the doctrine of informed consent, “essentially overturned the core ethical positions of the Hippocratic tradition.” Pellegrino says the Hippocratic ethic “notably [contains] no sense of the larger responsibilities as a profession for the behavior of each member.
Errors
Authors: Miles Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This passage is puzzling. It reads like a vow to forswear surgery by physicians who proudly and aggressively performed many kinds of surgical procedures (see Table 9-1). Numerous Greek medical texts discussed indications for surgery and described surgical techniques (including how to vary the incising stroke to minimize pain during different kinds of operations), cutting instruments (cold or cauterizing, ostentatious or simply workmanlike), how to illuminate surgical incisions, market surgical skills, and use surgical assistants. Authors recommended surgical instruction early in one’s medical education and suggested military service as the best place to learn trauma surgery. Greek physicians left an enduring impact on surgery.
A Trustworthy Profession
Authors: Miles Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oaths bind promises. The Oath simply puts the swearer’s character on the line for human judgment on whether the physician has honored the pledges to learn, to teach, to sustain the development of medicine, to benefit the ill, and to shun injustice. It is not a legal code. It is not a holy scripture. It is neither a prayer for healing powers nor an affirmative answer to a divine call to be a doctor. It is not a contract with a god that says: “If God grants me healing powers, I will do this.”
The primal scene of instruction
Authors: Bloom Harold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Back from Babylon, Ezra, as scribe of the Return, resolved that his people were to seek always the presence of the Book. The primacy of the Book, and of the Oral Tradition as its interpretation, dates from this heroic resolution of the mid fifth century B.c. Ezra rightly saw himself as a continuator and not as a point of origin, a strong scribe rather than a strong poet:
This Ezra went up from Babylon; and he was a ready scribe in the law of Moses, which the LORD God of Israel had given: and the king granted him all his request, according to the hand of the LORD his God upon him. . . . .
For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the LORD, and to do it, and to teach in Israel statutes and judgments.
Testing the map: Browning’s Childe Roland
Authors: Bloom Harold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reader, like Browning’s belated quester, might wish to separate origins from aims, but the price of internalization, in poetic as in human romance, is that aims wander back towards origins. A study of misprision, as outlined in my previous chapter, allows the reader to see that interpretation of Browning’s great poem is mocked by the poem itself, since Roland’s monologue is his sub lime and grotesque exercise of the will-to-power over the interpretation of his own text. Roland rides with us as interpreter; his every interpretation is a powerful misreading; and yet the union of those misreadings enables him to accept destruction in the triumphant realization that his ordeal, his trial by landscape, has provided us with one of the most powerful of texts that any hero-villain since Milton’s Satan has given us.
Skin Transplantation: Clinical Applications and Current Issues
Authors: Greenleaf Glenn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As with musculoskeletal tissue, transplantation of allograft skin has expanded as a result of increased donor supply, technical advances in processing and preservation, and clinical innovations. These developments greatly enhance our ability to repair or replace diseased, damaged, or inadequate tissue, benefiting over 30,000 patients each year. Although skin banking is closely tied to musculoskeletal banking, the field attracts a range of unique and sometimes controversial issues in areas such as recovery, supply, and clinical uses. This chapter provides an over view of the uses of allograft skin and some of the economic, social, and ethical issues surrounding skin banking.
The View from the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Warner Jill Hartzler , Zoon Kathryn C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration’s goals with regard to the regulation of human tissue are to prevent the spread of communicable disease, as sure that manufacturers of cellular and tissue-based therapeutic products demonstrate safety and effectiveness (where appropriate) and encourage the development and availability of these products through a risk-based, rational, and comprehensive regulatory framework. The FDA’s new regulatory approach, when completed, will apply to a broad range of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products, including the subject of this book, musculoskeletal tissue and skin. The FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research has lead responsibility.
Legal Characterizations of Human Tissue
Authors: Charo R Alta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This rather modem-sounding cry for examining the market for human tissue actually comes from an article by Francis Carey in the late nineteenth century, when the supply of cadavers for medical education was dwindling. But whether one dates the transformation to the nineteenth or twentieth century, it is certain that, as Carey wrote, “[ or better or worse, we have irretrievably entered an age that requires examination of our understanding of the legal rights and relationships in the human body and the human cell.”Where once the value of the human body was seen exclusively in terms of its ability to perform labor or produce offspring or bring sensual and other personal satisfaction, the potential of the human body as a source of transferable physical material has led some to see its value in medicaland, if made available for sale,3 economic terms as well.
The Gift and the Market: Cultural Symbolic Perspectives
Authors: Campbell Courtney S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tissue banking in the United States is currently in the midst of an ethical identity crisis. The stage for this crisis was set in the late 1980s, when the tissue banking community underwent a significant change in both philosophy and practice. The immediate catalyst for this ethics crisis was the entrance of for-profit companies in the distribution and marketing of tissue.
Implementing best practice and expert consensus procedures
Authors: Corcoran Kevin , Vandiver Vikki L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidence-based practice (EBP) reflects the continuum in the development of the scientific revolution. Prior to the scientific revolution, methods of answering questions were paramount to the accuracy of the answer (Dear, 2001). The scientific revolution, in contrast, improved the soundness of the methods in order to increase the likelihood of more accurate observations. Improved methods tended to provide more persuasive evidence. Evidence-based practice is generally this same scientific revolution. It is a process of utilizing a variety of databases to find an appropriate guide to an intervention for a particular diagnostic condition (Vandiver, 2002; Vandiver, Corcoran, 2002). The goal is to select the most accurate, valid if you will, information derived from the best available methods. This may, as is often the case for theory development, be an in-depth description of a single case or a few cases, for example, Piaget’s small children, J.B. Watson’s Baby Albert, Skinner’s few pigeons and only daughter, and, yes, even Freud’s cases. While the accuracy of these examples varies considerably, what is common to them all is that social scientists have used more rigorous methods to test, support, refute, and revise these and other areas of case assessment in the behavioral and social sciences.
Treatment evidence in a non-experimenting Practice environment: Some Recommendations for Increasing Supply and Demand
Authors: Camasso Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evidence-based practice has become a fashionable theme in contemporary discussions of social work interventions. Gambrill’s (1999, 2001) important essays calling for a social work practice built upon a bedrock of empirical research are among the spate of recent publications that feature “evidence-based” or “empirical-based practice” (Corcoran, 2000; Cournoyer, Powers, 2002; Lloyd, 1998; Thyer, Wodarski, 1998; Vandiver, 2002). This is not to say that empirical research has become the sole or even main source that guides client intervention; the broad consensus in social work would appear to indicate otherwise. Evidence-based practice, defined as practice based on empirical studies preappraised for scientific validity and prescreened for clinical relevance (Gambrill, 2001), remains far less common than practice that sterns from authority, face validity, practice wisdom, common practice, and the principle of the respectable minority (Beutler, 2000; Gambrill, 1999; Reid, 1997; Rosen, Proctor, Morrow-Howell,, Staudt, 1995).
Treating Juvenile Delinquents With Conduct Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, And Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Springer David W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Juvenile delinquents with externalizing disorders are a challenging, yet rewarding, population to treat. The externalizing disorders-namely, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)-are some of the most common encountered by practitioners working with juvenile delinquents (Kazdin, 2002; Kronenberger, Meyer, 2001). In studies of community and clinic samples, a large percentage of youths with CD or ADHD (e.g., 45% to 70%) also met criteria for the other disorder (Fergusson, Horwood,, Lloyd, 1991), and comorbidity between CD and ODD, anxiety disorders, and depression is common as well (Kazdin, 2002). In a recent epidemiological study that examined psychiatric disorders in juvenile delinquents (Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan,, Mericle, 2002), the most common disorders were substance use disorders and disruptive behavior disorders (ODD and CD), with more than 40% of males and females meeting criteria for a disruptive behavior disorder. Accordingly, this chapter presents a case exemplar of treating a juvenile delinquent dually diagnosed with conduct disorder and alcohol abuse.
Epidemiology Basics And Foundation Skills
Authors: Streiner David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No, you have not inadvertently picked up the wrong book; this is not (as some people might believe) a chapter on skin diseases. In fact, the root of the word epidemiology is epidemic, not epidermis. The full derivation is from the Greek epi, meaning “among,” and demos, meaning “the people.” Last’s Dictionary of Epidemiology (2001) defines it as “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems” (p. 62), which really does not help too much in explaining the term. Somewhat more useful is Alderson’s (1983) description of three types of studies used in epidemiological research.
Application Of Remote Sensing For Disease Surveillance In Urban And Suburban Areas
Authors: Tran Annelise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For 30 years the use of remotely sensed data (satellite images, aerial photographs, etc.) in epidemiological studies has become more and more frequent (Boone, McGwire, Otteson, et al., 2000; Cline, 1970). Indeed, because it provides information on the environment, remote sensing offers an important potential for the study of diseases related to environmental conditions (Curran, Atkinson, Foody, et al., 2000). In particular, remote sensing is of particular relevance for the comprehension and modeling of vectorborne diseases, the spatial distribution of which is related to the vector habitat (Linthicum, Anyamba, Tucker, et al., 1999; Thomson, Connor, Milligan, et al., 1997). The main difficulty with the use of this kind of data is in establishing successive links between the information contained in the remotely sensed image and the risk of disease. This relationship is particularly difficult to clarify in urban or suburban areas, where the application of remote sensing is limited by the satellite images’ spatial resolution and landscape complexity (Beck, Lobitz,, Wood, 2000).
Prevalence Of Smoking And Cessation Among Northern Plains Indians
Authors: Holzman Greg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a leading behavioral cause of death in the United States (McGinnis, Foege, 1993). Although an estimated 23% of the general adult population smokes cigarettes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002), the prevalence of this preventable cause of illness and death is much higher for some subgroups in the population, notably American Indians and Alaskan Natives (Bursae, Campbell, 2002; Denny, Holtzman, 1999; Kaplan, Lanier, Merritt,, Siegel, 1997) and specifically Northern Plains American Indians (Denny, Holtzman, 1999; Goldberg et al., 1991; Sugarman, Warren, Oge,, Helgerson, 1992; Welty et al., 1995). American Indians of the northern plains have higher cardiovascular and cancer mortality rates than American Indians from other regions of the United States (U.S. Indian Health Service, Regional differences in Indian health: 1998-99). This is likely associated with the higher prevalence of smoking in this group. Efficacious smoking cessation methods have been demonstrated (Fiore, U. S. Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel, 2000). Unfortunately, these evidence-based methods have not been systematically applied among American Indians in the northern plains.
Using Evaluation Data As The Basis For A Local Ordinance To Control Alcohol And Tobacco Billboards In Chicago
Authors: Hackbarth Diana P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Practice-based research that systematically evaluates the implementation and outcomes of health-related public policies can have a profound impact on society. Research findings based on practice can be used to validate existing policies, promote modification in policies, or justify abandoning current policies and seeking another course of action (Gerston, 1997). Methods are similar to those used to evaluate other types of health and social programs (Posavac, Carey, 2003). However, additional factors must be considered if the goal is to produce data that can serve as a catalyst for policy change at the community level. One important factor is the social, political, economic, and legal climate in which the evaluation is conducted. A second consideration is the possible uses of the data once the evaluation is completed. Sensitivity to these issues is essential when researchers from the advocacy community are scrutinizing the business practices of powerful special interests such as the alcohol, tobacco, or outdoor advertising industries (Bobo, Kendall,, Max, 2001; Meredith, Dunham, 1999).
Risk-Adjusted Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Hendryx Michael S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Donabedian (1980) defines a health care outcome as a “change in a patient’s current and future health status that can be attributed to antecedent health care” (pp. 82-83). An outcome is the result of health care or, in other words, is caused by the health care that was received by the patient. There continue to be intense and ongoing efforts to develop measures of health care outcomes. These efforts are in response to rising health care costs, capitation models of financing, and concerns with widespread variation in health care practices and outcomes across providers or settings (lezzoni, 1997a; Kramer, Daniels, Zieman, Williams,, Dewan, 2000; Young, Sullivan, Burnam,, Brook, 1998). Measuring and reporting outcomes of care is an attempt to ensure that payers receive good value for their dollars and that patients receive high-quality care. However, the measurement of outcome is influenced by other characteristics of the patient, in addition to health care.
Overview Of Health Scales And Measures
Authors: Streiner David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Measurement is an essential component of most scientific research, whether it involves determining the temperature of stars, taking a patient’s blood pressure, or assessing a person’s attitudes and beliefs. In many of the “hard” sciences, such as physics or astronomy, there is little inherent difficulty, other than building the appropriate apparatus. The measurement itself is relatively objective, and subjective judgment plays a minor role. Although errors may still arise because of miscalibration or observer error (such as in noting the exact time a satellite transits its planet), greater accuracy and minimizing errors are usually achieved through technical solutions, that is, building a better instrument. In the “softer,” human sciences, though, researchers are acutely aware of the fallibility of human judgment and the difficulties encountered in trying to measure subjective states. This is seen by sociologists attempting to measure belief systems, psychologists assessing traits or moods such as anxiety and depression, and health care researchers from a number of disciplines trying to measure patients’ quality of life. The result has been the birth of a discipline called psychometrics, which originally arose from psychology and education, with the aim of making the assessment of aptitudes and achievement more rigorous.
Clinician And Patient Satisfaction With Computer-Assisted Diagnostic Assessment In Community Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Mullen Edward J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Community mental health clinics often have difficulty designing intake procedures that facilitate accurate and timely diagnostic assessments. A delay in accurate identification of patient clinical problems, symptoms, and diagnoses at intake impedes timely treatment for patients who, increasingly, are in need of immediate therapeutic services. Too often initial assessments are not accurate because of lack of information or expertise. Garfield (2001) has described many of the problems and issues pertaining to the clinical diagnosis of psychopathology, including varying interpretations of clinical diagnosis, reliability, and validity. Kutchins and Kirk (1997) present a comprehensive analysis of issues pertaining to arriving at meaningful diagnoses based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). In validation studies comparing standardized diagnostic assessment instruments with clinician-based diagnoses, clinician assessments have been found less reliable (Piacentini et aL, 1993; Schwab-Stone et aL, 1996). To address these problems, computerized diagnostic assessment software programs, both lay-administered and self-administered, have been developed to serve as decision supports for busy practitioners (Mullen, 1989; Mullen, Schuerman, 1990; Schuerman, Mullen, Stagner,, Johnson, 1989). These programs can be designed to gather, analyze, and report information collected from patients and collaterals, for use by practitioners, thus facilitating rapid assessment. However, it is not known if such programs would be found useful by practitioners, patients, and collaterals in community mental health clinic settings.
Constructing And Validating Assessment Tools For School-Based Practitioners: The Elementary School Success Profile
Authors: Bowen Natasha K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accurate and appropriate assessment is critical to the process of evidence-based practice. In Vandiver’s “algorithm for using practice guidelines in a mental health setting” (2002, p. 735), for example, assessment is the starting point of intervention. And, according to Thyer (2002), the practitioner’s use of a “systematic, hypothesistesting approach” with every case starts with a “careful assessment” (p. 739). Without relevant, accurate, and complete assessment information, the practitioner is unlikely to design an appropriate and effective evidence-based intervention strategy. The quality of available assessment tools, therefore, potentially establishes the credibility of the entire subsequent evidence-based practice sequence. The quality of assessment tools, in turn, is related to the quality of the instrument development process. In this chapter we argue that involving end users and targeted populations in the process of developing assessment tools enhances their validity, reliability, and practical utility.