bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to Hepatitis A in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease Due to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Missed Opportunities for Vaccination *
Authors: Shim Michael , Khaykis Inessa , Park James , Bini Edmund J. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) superinfection is associated with a high risk of liver failure and death in patients with underlying chronic liver disease. Although HAV vaccination is recommended for all patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, little is known about adherence to these recommendations in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of HAV testing and vaccination among patients with chronic HCV infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,193 patients diagnosed with chronic HCV infection over a 1-year period. During 1,646 person-years of follow-up, patients were seen by their primary care provider a median of 10.0 times (interquartile range, 4.0-20.0). HAV antibody testing was performed in 640 subjects (53.6%), and 317 (49.5%) of those tested were susceptible (HAV antibody negative). Only 94 of the 1,193 patients (7.9%) received the HAV vaccine, including 26.8% of the 317 susceptible patients, 0.9% of the 323 patients who were already immune to HAV, and 1.1% of the 553 subjects who were never tested. Among the 94 vaccinated patients, 45 received only one dose of the vaccine. Three of the unvaccinated patients developed acute HAV infection during follow-up, and 1 of them died of acute liver failure.
In conclusion
, despite published recommendations to vaccinate against HAV in patients with chronic HCV infection, we found that HAV testing and vaccination rates were low in clinical practice. Public health programs to increase awareness about HAV vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease are needed. (Hepatology 2005.)
Locally 2‐arc transitive graphs, homogeneous factorizations, and partial linear spaces
Authors: Giudici Michael , Li Cai Heng , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe establish natural bijections between three different classes of combinatorial objects; namely certain families of locally 2‐arc transitive graphs, partial linear spaces, and homogeneous factorizations of arc‐transitive graphs. Moreover, the bijections intertwine the actions of the relevant automorphism groups. Thus constructions in any of these areas provide examples for the others. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 139–148, 2006
Molecular pathology and pathogenesis of inclusion‐body myositis
Authors: Askanas Valerie , Engel W. King 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe summarize the molecular phenotype, diagnostic criteria, and the newest advances related to seeking the pathogenic mechanism(s) of sporadic inclusion‐body myositis (s‐IBM), a muscle disease usually of persons over age 50. On the basis of our research, several processes seem to be important in relation to the still‐speculative pathogenesis: 1) increased transcription and accumulation of amyloid‐β precursor protein (AβPP), and accumulation of its proteolytic fragment Aβ; 2) abnormal accumulation of cholesterol, caveolin‐1, and apolipoprotein E; 3) oxidative stress; 4) accumulations of intramuscle fiber multiprotein aggregates; and 5) evidence that unfolded/misfolded proteins participate in s‐IBM pathogenesis. Our basic hypothesis is that overexpression of AβPP within the aging muscle fibers is an early upstream event causing a subsequent pathogenic cascade. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:114–120, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating triggers and enhancers of tau fibrillization
Authors: Kuret Jeff , Congdon Erin E. , Li Guibin , Yin Haishan , Yu Xian , Zhong Qi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is characterized in part by the aggregation of tau protein into filamentous inclusions. Because tau filaments form in brain regions associated with memory retention, and because their appearance correlates well with the degree of dementia, they have emerged as robust markers of disease progression. Yet the discovery that mutations in tau protein can lead directly to filament and tangle formation in humans, and that filament formation is linked to neurodegeneration in model biological systems, suggests that tau aggregation may also contribute directly to degeneration in affected neurons. In this context, the mechanism of tau filament formation and its modulation by mutation and posttranslational modification is of fundamental importance. Here, recent progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying tau aggregation deduced from in vivo and in vitro experimentation is reviewed and a model rationalizing the effect of posttranslational and other structural modifications on assembly kinetics and thermodynamics is presented. We hypothesize that tau aggregation can be described as a heterogeneous nucleation reaction, where exogenous effectors, tau gene mutations, or other modifications that stabilize assembly‐competent conformations of tau act to trigger the fibrillization reaction. In contrast, those that modulate postnuclear equilibria can enhance fibrillization by increasing the free energy difference between polymers and unincorporated monomers, resulting in stabilization of filaments at low bulk protein concentrations. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:141–155, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and morphology of the Alzheimer's amyloid fibril
Authors: Stromer Thusnelda , Serpell Louise C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAmyloid fibrils are deposited in a number of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Type 2 diabetes, and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). These insoluble deposits are formed from normally soluble proteins that assemble to form fibrous aggregates that accumulate in the tissues. Electron microscopy has been used as a tool to examine the structure and morphology of these aggregates from ex vivo materials, but predominantly from synthetic amyloid fibrils assembled from proteins or peptides in vitro. Electron microscopy has shown that the fibrils are straight, unbranching, and are of a similar diameter (60–100 Å) irrespective of the precursor protein. Image processing has enhanced electron micrographs to show that amyloid fibrils appear to be composed of protofilaments wound around one another. In combination with other techniques, including X‐ray fiber diffraction and solid state NMR, electron microscopy has revealed that the internal structure of the amyloid fibril is a ladder of β‐sheet structure arranged in a cross‐β conformation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:210–217, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural insights into Alzheimer filament assembly pathways based on site‐directed mutagenesis and S‐glutathionylation of three‐repeat neuronal Tau protein
Authors: Dinoto Luca , Deture Michael A. , Purich Daniel L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAlthough Tau and MAP2 readily assemble into straight filaments (SFs), Tau's unique ability to form paired‐helical filaments (PHFs) may offer clues as to why Tau's microtubule‐binding region (MTBR) is the exclusive building block of the neurofibrillary tangles that accumulate during Alzheimer's disease. To learn more about the factors permitting Tau to form both SFs and PHFs, we investigated the microtubule binding, thiol oxidation, and polymerization reactions of the monomer and dimer forms of Tau and MAP2 MTBRs. This review focuses on electron microscopic evidence (1) that facilitated the identification of amino acid residues within 3‐repeat Tau that promote PHF formation; and (2) provided experimental evidence for the polymerization of S‐glutathionylated three‐repeat Tau, a reaction that unambiguously demonstrates that disulfide‐linked Tau‐S‐S‐Tau dimer formation is not a compulsory step in filament assembly. We also consider these findings within the context of current views on the genetic and biochemical basis of Tau fibrillogenesis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:156–163, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory metamorphosis in the Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)
Authors: Stuelpnagel Jeremy T. , Reiss John O. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study examined the gross morphology and ultrastructure of the olfactory organ of larvae, neotenic adults, and terrestrial adults of the Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). The olfactory organ of all aquatic animals (larvae and neotenes) is similar in structure, forming a tube extending from the external naris to the choana. A nonsensory vestibule leads into the main olfactory cavity. The epithelium of the main olfactory cavity is thrown into a series of transverse valleys and ridges, with at least six dorsal and nine ventral valleys lined with olfactory epithelium, and separated by ridges of respiratory epithelium. The ridges enlarge with growth, forming large flaps extending into the lumen in neotenes. The vomeronasal organ is a diverticulum off the ventrolateral side of the main olfactory cavity. In terrestrial animals, by contrast, the vestibule has been lost. The main olfactory cavity has become much broader and dorsoventrally compressed. The prominent transverse ridges are lost, although small diagonal ridges of respiratory epithelium are found in the lateral region of the ventral olfactory epithelium. The posterior and posteromedial wall of the main olfactory cavity is composed of respiratory epithelium, in contrast to the olfactory epithelium found here in aquatic forms. The vomeronasal organ remains similar to that in large larvae, but is now connected to the mouth by a groove that extends back through the choana onto the palate. Bowman's glands are present in the main olfactory cavity at all stages, but are most abundant and best developed in terrestrial adults. They are lacking in the lateral olfactory epithelium of the main olfactory cavity. At the ultrastructural level, in aquatic animals receptor cells of the main olfactory cavity can have cilia, short microvilli, a mix of the two, or long microvilli. Supporting cells are of two types: secretory supporting cells with small, electron‐dense secretory granules, and ciliated supporting cells. Receptor cells of the vomeronasal organ are exclusively microvillar, but supporting cells are secretory or ciliated, as in the main olfactory cavity. After metamorphosis two distinct types of sensory epithelium occur in the main olfactory cavity. The predominant epithelium, covering most of the roof and the medial part of the floor, is characterized by supporting cells with large, electron‐lucent vesicles. The epithelium on the lateral floor of the main olfactory cavity, by contrast, resembles that of aquatic animals. Both types have both microvillar and ciliated receptor cells. No important changes are noted in cell types of the vomeronasal organ after metamorphosis. A literature survey suggests that some features of the metamorphic changes described here are characteristic of all salamanders, while others appear unique to D. tenebrosus. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the RF field uniformity of a double‐tuned 31P/1H birdcage RF coil for spin‐echo MRI/MRS of the diabetic foot
Authors: Greenman Robert L. , Rakow‐Penner Rebecca 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the B1 field uniformity of a double‐tuned birdcage coil designed for 31P/1H MRI/MRS spin‐echo (SE) imaging of the metatarsal head region of the foot in neuropathic diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsA low‐pass double‐tuned 31P/1H RF birdcage coil was constructed to fit over the adult forefoot. Flip angle (FA) maps were created from B1 data acquired at the 3T 31P (four normal subjects) and 1H (five normal subjects) frequencies. T2‐weighted (T2‐W) 1H images, 31P rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) images, and composite SE pulse CSI data were acquired to demonstrate the uniformity of the resulting images and data.ResultsThe means and standard deviations (SDs) of the range of FAs across the feet of the volunteer subjects indicated good uniformity (the maximum coefficients of variation (CVs) for all of the 31P and 1H FA maps were 7.6% and 7.3%, respectively). The FA values across the metatarsal head region indicated a maximum signal intensity variation of ±3% in a RARE image acquired using an echo train length of 32.ConclusionA 31P/1H birdcage coil constructed for MRI/MRS studies of the human forefoot provided sufficient signal uniformity of SE data to facilitate accurate 31P concentration measurements in muscle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional contrast‐enhanced steady‐state free precession for improved catheter‐directed coronary magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Green Jordin D. , Omary Reed A. , Schirf Brian E. , Tang Richard , Carr James C. , Li Debiao 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of three‐dimensional thick‐partition, contrast‐enhanced, catheter‐directed coronary artery magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and test the hypothesis that three‐dimensional imaging improves coronary artery background contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) compared to two‐dimensional imaging.Materials and MethodsCatheters were advanced into the coronary arteries of swine (N = 6) under MR guidance. Three‐dimensional coronary MRA was performed after intracoronary injection of a small dose of contrast media using magnetization‐prepared steady‐state free precession (SSFP) with two thick partitions. For comparison, two magnetization‐prepared two‐dimensional SSFP scans were also performed, one with no signal averaging and one with two signal averages. All sequences had the same coverage and in‐plane spatial resolution.ResultsThe coronary artery was successfully catheterized in all (6/6) animals. CNR for three‐dimensional imaging was 11.1 ± 1.2 for proximal arterial segments and 4.3 ± 0.4 for distal segments. Without averaging, two‐dimensional imaging CNRs for proximal and distal segments were 5.0 ± 0.7 and 1.2 ± 0.2, respectively. With averaging, two‐dimensional imaging CNRs for proximal and distal segments were 9.4 ± 1.5 and 2.9 ± 0.4, respectively. Three‐dimensional imaging showed a statistically significant increase in CNR over all two‐dimensional imaging for both proximal and distal segments (P < 0.05).ConclusionThree‐dimensional thick‐partition, contrast‐enhanced, catheter‐directed coronary MRA is feasible and improves CNR over two‐dimensional projection imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by aneurysm clips and shunt valves: Dependence on field strength (1.5 and 3 T) and imaging parameters
Authors: Olsrud Johan , Lätt Jimmy , Brockstedt Sara , Romner Bertil , Björkman‐Burtscher Isabella M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate artifact sizes at 3 T compared to at 1.5 T, and to evaluate the influence of scanning parameters with respect to artifact size on a 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system.Materials and MethodsTwo aneurysm clips and five shunt valves were imaged in a water phantom at 1.5 and 3 T. At 3 T the influence of bandwidth (spin echo (SE) images) and echo time (gradient echo (GRE) images) on artifact size (area and extension in two orthogonal directions) was investigated.ResultsArtifact sizes increased substantially (typically 5–10 mm) at 3 T, compared to at 1.5 T, for implants entirely made of metallic materials, whereas the increase was the size less prominent (0–5 mm) for implants only partly containing metal. Artifact areas could be altered by changing the bandwidth or the echo time to about the same extent as it was affected by the increased field strength.ConclusionArtifact sizes increase at 3 T, compared to at 1.5 T, depending on the type and composition of the implant, but can be substantially reduced by altering the imaging parameters. Optimization of imaging protocols to minimize artifacts is therefore important at higher field strengths. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical treatment of extravasation injuries
Authors: Napoli Pietro , Corradino Bartolo , Badalamenti Giuseppe , Tripoli Massimiliano , Vieni Salvatore , Furfaro M. Fabio , Cordova Adriana , Moschella Francesco 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe authors present their experience of treating anti‐cancer drug extravasation by means of a composite surgical technique that consists of infiltration with physiological solution and hyaluronidase and subsequent manual aspiration of solutes alternated with profuse irrigation of the infiltrated area. In the immediate post‐op we carry out a medical therapy that consists of calciparine and topic antibiotic and/or steroid creams. Since the year 2000 this technique has been used on 25 patients. We have had neither complications nor scars. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:264–268. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of impurities in acarbose by using an integrated liquid chromatography‐nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry approach
Authors: Novak Predrag , Cindrić Mario , Tepeš Predrag , Dragojević Snježana , Ilijaš Marina , Mihaljević Krešo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe usefulness of applying an integrated LC‐NMR and LC‐MS approach to acarbose bulk drug impurity profiling is demonstrated. LC‐MS and LC‐NMR methodologies were employed for the online separation and structural elucidation of a final drug product. Combining data provided by the stop‐flow LC‐NMR and LC‐MS experiments made it possible to identify the main components present in the acarbose sample. Spectral analysis revealed thatAandBwere known impurities whileCwas an unknown compound. LC‐MS and LC‐NMR analyses revealed thatCwas a pentasaccharide differing from the acarbose in number and nature of sugar subunits in the molecule. It was subsequently isolated and its structure was confirmed by the offline 1‐ and 2‐D NMR experiments, and atom assignment was made.
SPE – Microwave‐assisted extraction coupled system for the extraction of pesticides from water samples
Authors: Mutavdžić Dragana , Horvat Alka J. M. , Babić Sandra , Kaštelan‐Macan Marija 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSPE is a commonly applied technique for preconcentration of pesticides from water samples. Microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) technique is the extraction applied for preconcentration of different compounds from solid samples. SPE coupled with MAE is capable of preconcentrating these compounds from water samples too. This investigation was aimed at improving the efficiency of atrazine, alachlor, and α‐cypermethrin pesticide extraction from the spiked water samples applying SPE followed by MAE. In this way, MAE served for elution of pesticides from C18‐extraction disks with solvent heated by microwave energy. Various elution conditions were tested for their effects on the extraction efficiency of the SPE–MAE combined technique. Several parameters, such as elution solvent volume (mL), elution temperature (°C), and duration of elution (min), affect the extraction efficiency of the SPE–MAE coupled system and need to be optimized for the selected pesticides. In order to develop a mathematical model, 15 experiments were performed in the central composite design. The equation was then used to predict recoveries of the pesticides under specific experimental conditions. Optimization of microwave extraction was accomplished using the genetic algorithm approach. Best results were achieved using 20 mL of ethanol at 60°C. Optimal hold time was 5 min and 24 s. The SPE–MAE combination was also compared with the conventional SPE extraction technique with elution of a nonpolar or a moderately polar compound with nonpolar solvents.
Two‐dimensional chromatography as a tool for studying band broadening in size‐exclusion chromatography
Authors: Popovici Simona T. , van der Horst Aschwin , Schoenmakers Peter J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractComprehensive 2‐D size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC×SEC) has been realized. SEC×SEC is not a useful technique for characterizing complex polymers. However, it is potentially an elegant tool to study band‐broadening phenomena. If narrow fractions can be collected from the first dimension, the band broadening in the second dimension is only due to chromatographic dispersion. This would allow a clear distinction to be made between chromatographic band broadening (column and extra‐column) and SEC selectivity (band broadening due to sample polydispersity). In comparison with MALDI‐MS, SEC×SEC allows the study of polymers across a much broader molar‐mass range.
Identification of drying oils in mixtures of natural binding media used for artistic and historic works by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Harrison Sabine M. , Kaml Isabella , Rainer Florian , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo characterise the technologies and to find the appropriate treatments, the identification of the binding media of artistic and historic objects is of high importance for the restorer and conservator. Often applied together with other binders, in the present paper, the applicability of a CZE method was ascertained for the identification of the constituents of drying oils in mixtures with animal glues and/or plant gums. The drying oils are identified after alkaline hydrolysis due to their content of long‐chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic) and shorter‐chain dicarboxylic acids (pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic). The dicarboxylic acids occur as products of the unsaturated acids by oxidative degradation during the drying process. The possible interferences in CE caused by the other binders are amino acids and/or monosaccharides. Such interferences could be expected as indirect UV detection has to be used, which is highly unspecific. It was found that none of the constituents of the animal glues or plant gums migrate in the time window of the analytes, thus not obstructing the identification of the analytes in any of the oil mixtures with one binder, or with a combination of both. No interference is observed even in excess of the glues. The method was applied for the identification of a drying oil in a paint layer from a ceremonial mask originating from Papua New Guinea. There is evidence that the oil is most probably from candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccana).
Sleep quality in complicated grief
Authors: Germain Anne , Caroff Krissa , Buysse Daniel J. , Shear M. Katherine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate severity of sleep disturbances in a group of 105 individuals presenting with complicated grief (CG) accompanied or not by comorbid depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A sample of 105 adults meeting criteria for CG was included in this study. All completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The total sample presented a mean global PSQI score of 9.44, indicating overall poor sleep quality. Comorbid depression, but not PTSD, further worsened sleep quality. Further studies are required to investigate the potential role of poor sleep quality as a modifiable risk factor of complicated grief response.
Identification problem for a one‐dimensional vibrating system
Authors: Trooshin Igor , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe discuss an inverse problem of determining a coefficient matrix and an initial value for a one‐dimensional non‐symmetric hyperbolic system of the first order by means of boundary values over a time interval. Provided that a time interval is sufficiently long and a given initial value satisfies some non‐degeneracy condition, we characterize coefficient matrices and initial values realizing the same boundary values. In the case where the initial value is fixed, we can prove the uniqueness in determining all the components of the coefficient matrices. The proof is based on a transformation formula and spectral properties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.