bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can vitreous fluorophotometry predict the necessity for photocoagulation? A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Knudsen L. L. , Nielsen‐Kudsk F. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To examine the long‐term outcome of vitreous fluorophotometry including the predictability of retinopathic proliferative development in diabetic subjects.Methods: 21 diabetic subjects were examined by long‐term kinetic vitreous fluorophotometry and their barrier properties, as revealed by a permeability‐index, were compared to a group of normal subjects. 13 diabetics were classified as having a high permeability‐index, while 8 diabetics were classified as having a low permeability‐index. The two groups were followed for 5 years with regard to development of proliferative retinopathy.Results: 6 of 13 diabetics with a high permeability‐index developed proliferative retinopathy within the 5‐year follow‐up period. This was in contrast to the low permeability‐index group where none of 8 diabetics developed proliferative retinopathy.Conclusion: An increased permeability‐index points towards an increased risk of development of proliferative retinopathy.
The effect of phenylephrine on pain and flare intensity in eyes with uveitis
Authors: Zaczek Anna , Zetterström Charlotta 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate the influence of protein concentration in the anterior chamber, measured by laser flare meter, on pain sensation after phenylephrine instillation in patients with iridocyclitis.Methods: Twenty‐five consecutive patients with iridocyclitis were included. Patients with cataract, exfoliation syndrome, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma or any other previous ocular diseases or ocular surgery were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1; without fibrinoid reaction (FR) in the anterior chamber (18 patients), and Group 2; with FR (7 patients). Protein concentration in the anterior chamber was measured with laser flare meter (FC 500, Kowa Co., Japan). Pupil size was measured by Alcon Tilo Scale, and pain sensation was estimated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, Kabi Pharmacia). All measurements were done before and 1 hour after topical instillation of 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride into the subconjunctival sac of the inflammed eyes.Results: Eyes with iridocyclitis and fibrinoid reaction (FR) have a higher flare intensity compared to those without FR (p<0.05). Pupil size was significantly increased after phenylephrine instillation in both study groups (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). The VAS pain and flare intensity were significantly decreased in group without FR after phenylephrine instillation (Group 1) compared to values before treatment (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). In eyes with FR (Group 2), no significant influence of phenylephrine instillation was found on VAS pain and flare intensity.Conclusions: After phenylephrine instillation, flare intensity and pain were significantly decreased only in eyes with iridocyclitis and without FR. The decreasing level of flare intensity, and paralysis of the pupil after phenylephrine instillation seem to alleviate pain in those eyes.
Anterior uveitis following combined vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR): A report of two cases
Authors: Islam S. M. Monowarul , El‐Sheikh Hisham F. , Tabbara Khalid F. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To describe two children who developed anterior uveitis after vaccination for common childhood diseases.Methods: A retrospective study of two Saudi patients who were seen at The Eye Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Results: Aged 12 and 14 , respectively, the two patients developed anterior non‐granulomatous uveitis 6 and 4 weeks after having the combined vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR). No other definite cause of uveitis was detected from history or from laboratory work up. Both patients responded to traditional regimens of uveitis therapy. However, they required a treatment period of several months.Conclusion: Anterior uveitis may occur following MMR vaccination. Cases of vaccination thus require ophthalmic awareness if visual symptoms or a painful red eye develop.
Intraocular pressure and progression in exfoliative eyes with ocular hypertension or glaucoma
Authors: Harju Mika 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: This retrospective study was conducted in exfoliative eyes in order to study the influence of IOP and other possible factors on the conversion from ocular hypertension (OHT) to glaucoma and progression of glaucoma.Methods: 139 patients with exfoliation OHT or glaucoma with exfoliation syndrome were included (mean follow‐up 5.2±3.6 years). The effects of age, gender, weighted mean IOP, maximum IOP, stage of glaucoma at the first visit, refraction, glaucoma medication, and interventions on the hazard of progression were studied by multivariate survival analysis.Results: Conversion from OHT to glaucoma or progression of glaucoma was detected in 63 eyes (45.3%). A significant association with progression was found for age (relative risk 1.042; p‐value 0.043), weighted mean IOP (1.076; <0.001), and stage of glaucoma (1.436; <0.001). History of trabeculectomy (0.360; 0.002) related to a decreased risk.Conclusion: The risk of conversion from OHT to glaucoma and progression of glaucoma increased in exfoliative eyes with severity of stage of glaucoma, weighted mean IOP, and the age of the patient. A history of trabeculectomy was related to decreased risk of progression.
The acute effects of stellate ganglion block on circulation in human ocular fundus
Authors: Nagahara Miyuki , Tamaki Yasuhiro , Araie Makoto , Umeyama Takae 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To study the acute effects of local‐anesthetic stellate ganglion block (SGB) on tissue circulation in the human fundus.Methods: Eleven patients with Bell’s palsy (age 56±6 y, mean±SD) who underwent SGB for its treatment participated in the study. Using the laser speckle method, normalized blur (NB) value, a quantitative index of tissue blood velocity, was measured every 0.125 s over an area located halfway between the macula and the optic nerve head (ONH) with no discrete visible vessels and averaged over 3 pulses when fixation was satisfactory (NBch‐ret). NBch‐ret and intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes, blood pressure (BP), and pulse rate (PR) were measured before, and 10, 20, 30, and 60 min after SGB. SGB was induced by injecting 1% mepivacaine hydrochloride (5 ml) into the vicinity of the seventh cervical vertebra on the paralyzed side.Results: The IOP in the blocked side significantly decreased between 20 and 60 min following SGB, compared to the baseline, while IOP in the unblocked side remained unchanged. The NBch‐ret was significantly increased after 10 min by about 8% in the blocked side, but its effect almost disappeared at 60 min. There was no significant change in NBch‐ret in the unblocked side, BP or PR throughout the experimental period.Conclusion: SGB increased tissue circulation in the fundus in the blocked side, but its effect was thought to be small and transient.
N‐acetyl‐serotonin reduces copper (I) ion‐induced lipid peroxidation in bovine retinal homogenates
Authors: Siu Andrew W. , Cheung Josephine P. , To Chi H. , Chan Eric K. , Chan Joe K. , Cheung Jesse C. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: Chalcosis is an ocular condition caused by penetration injury of copper or its alloy, which leads to extensive ocular inflammation. N‐acetyl‐serotonin has recently been identified as a potent antioxidant against free radical stress. In this study, we determined the efficacy of N‐acetyl‐serotonin against the copper (I)‐induced retinal lipid peroxidation.Methods: Copper (I)‐treated (100 μM) bovine retinal homogenates were incubated with 6 different concentrations (i.e. 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00 mM) of N‐acetyl‐serotonin or vitamin E. The malondialdehyde level was measured as an index of lipid peroxidation.Results: Copper (I) ions induced a significant dose‐dependent increase in malondialdehyde (p=0.007). Co‐incubation with N‐acetyl‐serotonin or vitamin E significantly suppressed the copper (I)‐induced malondialdehyde production (p<0.0001). The concentration to inhibit 50% of damage for N‐acetyl‐serotonin and vitamin E were found to be 1.54 mM and 0.45 mM, respectively.Conclusion: Although N‐acetyl‐serotonin is only 29% as effective as vitamin E in suppressing the copper (I)‐induced lipid peroxidation, the present study supports a pharmacological potential of N‐acetyl‐serotonin combating free radical oxidative damages in the ocular tissues.
The impact of glaucoma on the quality of life of patients in Norway
Authors: Odberg Tor , Jakobsen Jan Erik , Hultgren Staale J. , Halseide Reidar 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To evaluate the feelings and experiences of patients living with glaucoma.Methods: A questionnaire was delivered to patients willing to take part, at a regular visit to their ophthalmologist, for filling in anonymously at home. A total of 589 questionnaires were returned.Results: More than 80% reported negative emotions on learning that they had glaucoma, one‐third were afraid of going blind. Half the patients had no visual problem at all, 14% complained of poor or very poor vision. This proportion increased with age.One‐fourth of the patients on topical medication experienced adverse effects of moderate or high degree. About half the patients being treated with laser or surgery felt their situation had improved afterwards. Nine‐tenths of the individuals were satisfied with the information and care given, although their knowledge about glaucoma was rather incomplete. One‐fifth missed information, mainly on causes, treatment and prognosis of the disease. The younger patients were more anxious and inquiring, reported more side effects and were less satisfied than the older patients. The women were in general more dissatisfied than the men.Conclusion: Giving a patient a diagnosis of glaucoma influences his quality of life negatively. Only half of our patients experienced any visual difficulties, whereas one‐fourth reported adverse reactions due to the therapy. Most of the patients were very satisfied with the information and care given. Ophthalmologists in private practice are quite central in the management and care of the glaucoma patients in a medical setting like ours.
External beam irradiation therapy for choroidal haemangiomas. Visual and anatomical results after a dose of 20 to 25 Gy
Authors: Ritland J. S. , Eide N. , Tausjø J. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To evaluate the visual and anatomic results of radiation therapy in ten patients with choroidal haemangiomas.Methods: Nine patients with circumscribed choroidal haemangiomas and one with diffuse choroidal haemangioma have been reviewed retrospectively. They were treated by lens‐sparing external beam radiation therapy (20–24 Gy) (9 eyes) and plaque brachytherapy (25 Gy) (1 eye), respectively.Results: The visual acuity improved by two lines or more in 8 of 10 eyes. No eyes showed deterioration of visual acuity. In all cases the retinal detachment showed complete resolution. A regression in tumour thickness was observed in all cases, and a reduction of anisometropia in cases with submacular infiltration by the tumour. During follow‐up (0.4–8.8 years) there were no signs of radiation cataract, retinopathy or optic neuropathy.Conclusions: External beam radiation (20–25 Gy) is a reasonable alternative for treatment of symptomatic choroidal haemangiomas.
A Horner‐like syndrome and cluster headache. What comes first?
Authors: Havelius Ulf 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To evaluate if an ocular sympathetic lesion may be a prerequisite for cluster headache to occur.Methods: Patients with a permanent Horner‐like syndrome at the debut of cluster headache were identified from history and photographs.Results: Among 57 patients with cluster headache, seven patients (5 males and 2 females) exhibited a permanent Horner‐like syndrome on the painful side when first seen at the outpatient department. During this study it was possible to get information from six of these patients and five of them had side constant cluster headache. In retrospect, these five patients had had a Horner‐like syndrome for years prior to the onset of ipsilateral cluster headache.Conclusion: The findings indicate that a sympathetic lesion or dysfunction may be a prerequisite for the subsequent development of cluster headache.
Increased permeability of the blood‐aqueous barrier after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Larsson Lill‐Inger , Nuija Eva 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To measure the permeability of the blood‐aqueous barrier before and after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Methods: Twenty patients with diabetic proliferative retinopathy in one eye and background retinopathy in the other eye were included. PRP was performed in the proliferative eye, while the other eye served as control. Aqueous flare intensity was measured with a laser flare cell meter before, 10 and 90 days after treatment.Results: The flare was stable in the control eye with a flare of 4.5±2.3, 4.4±2.4, and 4.5±1.7 photon counts/ms (mean±standard deviation) on Day 0, 10 and 90. In the laser treated eye corresponding figures were 5.2±2.4, 9.6±3.3, and 7.1±2.8 photon counts/ms, with a significant increase in aqueous flare at 10 days (p<0.001) and 90 days (p=0.002).Conclusion: A significant increase in aqueous flare was found 10 days after PRP, indicating a breakdown of the blood‐aqueous barrier after retinal laser treatment. The breakdown was still present, however, less pronounced, after 3 months.
The influence of level and polarity of figure‐ground contrast on vision
Authors: Pointer Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To document the effect upon human foveal vision of changes in the level and polarity of figure‐ground contrast under photopic controlled test conditions, with particular emphasis on performance at low contrast levels.Methods: Using a forced‐choice psychophysical paradigm, threshold acuity estimates were derived at 9 discrete levels over a near‐3 octave contrast range for Landolt ring‐type stimuli of either positive or negative polarity. Data were obtained under binocular conditions from 10 young adults, each wearing their optimum low myopic spectacle correction.Results: Visual acuity declined linearly with reducing stimulus contrast, the deterioration increasing substantially at <10% figure‐ground contrast regardless of stimulus polarity. Performance was slightly (but not statistically significantly) better for positive contrast stimuli.Conclusion: Irrespective of contrast polarity, a reduction in stimulus figure‐ground contrast <10% produces an accelerated decrement in photopic foveal vision compared to the performance at levels >10%. Some clinical and practical implications of this outcome are considered with regard to the examination of patients with normal and compromised visual function.
An intervention trial on efficacy of atropine and multi‐focal glasses in controlling myopic progression
Authors: Shih Yung‐Feng , Hsiao C. Kate , Chen Chien‐Jen , Chang Ching‐Wei , Hung Por T. , Lin Luke L.‐K. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: This randomized clinical trial assessed the treatment effects of atropine and/or multi‐focal lenses in decreasing the progression rate of myopia in children.Methods: Two hundred and twenty‐seven schoolchildren with myopia, aged from 6 to 13 years, who were stratified based on gender, age and the initial amount of myopia were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 0.5% atropine with multi‐focal glasses, multi‐focal glasses, and single vision spectacles. Each subject was followed for at least eighteen months. These results report on the 188 patients available for the follow‐up.Results: The mean progression of myopia in atropine with multi‐focal glasses group (0.41 D) was significantly less than the multi‐focal (1.19 D) and single vision group (1.40 D) (p<0.0001). But no significant difference was noted between the last two groups (p=0.44). The progression of myopia was significantly correlated with the increases of axial length (r=0.65, p=0.0001), but not with the changes of corneal power (r=−0.09), anterior chamber depth (r=−0.023), lens thickness (r=−0.08), or intra‐ocular pressure (r=−0.008).Conclusion: The 0.5% atropine with multi‐focal lenses can slow down the progression rate of myopia. However, multi‐focal lenses alone showed no difference in effect compared to control.
Timolol increased retrobulbar flow velocities in untreated glaucoma eyes but not in ocular hypertension
Authors: Bergstrand Ingar C. , Heijl Anders , Wollmer Per , Hansen Flemming , Harris Alon 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate retrobulbar blood flow velocities and the effects of topical timolol treatment in eyes with newly detected, previously untreated open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.Methods: Fifteen eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and 12 eyes with ocular hypertension (OH), in the same number of patients, all untreated and newly detected, were examined with colour Doppler imaging of retrobulbar vessels before and after 1 month of topical timolol treatment (0.5% Timoptic® BID).Results: Baseline central retinal artery end diastolic velocity was lower (48%, p=0.0002) and resistive index higher (7.6%, p=0.018) in the OAG group than in the OH group. In the glaucoma group mean end diastolic velocity increased by 41%, (p=0.006) while resistive index decreased by 5.8%, (p=0.02) on treatment, while no significant changes were seen in the OH group. Blood flow velocities in the ophthalmic artery did not change with treatment. Baseline IOP and IOP reduction did not differ between OAG and OH group.Conclusion: Peripheral resistance to blood flow was found to be increased in untreated glaucoma eyes as compared to a similar group of eyes with ocular hypertension. Timolol treatment diminished resistance significantly in the glaucoma group, but not in the ocular hypertension group. Thus the two groups responded differently to timolol treatment. The reaction to IOP lowering treatment could indicate defective autoregulation in the glaucoma group.
Glaucoma in East Greenlandic Inuit
Authors: Bourne Rupert R. A. , Sørensen Knud Erik , Klauber Anne , Foster Paul J. , Johnson Gordon J. , Alsbirk Poul Helge 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To determine the prevalence of primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) in an isolated Greenlandic Inuit community and to examine the anatomical risk factors for this disease.Methods: All individuals aged ≥40 years were examined. Visual acuity, refractive error, anterior chamber depth (ACD), intraocular pressure (IOP), gonioscopy, and optic disc characteristics were recorded.Results: Seventy‐nine individuals (65% response rate) were examined. Mean IOP was 12.0 mmHg. ACD was shallow and decreased with age and hypermetropia. ACD was deeper than observed in the same community in 1981 and another East Greenland population in 1970. Two subjects had definite PACG (2.5 %).Conclusion: This is the first study to use applanation tonometry in a Greenland population and confirms a low IOP as found in other populations of Inuit and Mongolians. ACD measured in 1998 was deeper than in 1981 in the same community which may represent a cohort effect indicating a secular change.
Iris transluminance in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Voutilainen‐Kaunisto Raija , Niskanen Leo , Uusitupa Matti , Teräsvirta Markku 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  Cross‐sectional analysis of iris transluminance in type 2 diabetic patients compared with control subjects, all followed in a cohort study.Methods:  A cohort consisting of a well‐characterized group of 82 type 2 diabetic patients were followed for 10 years after diagnosis, as were 125 control subjects. The prevalence of iris transluminance was determined by transscleral transillumination and by grading of black‐and‐white positive prints at the 10‐year examination. The frequency of diabetic retinopathy was prospectively determined by grading of fundus photographs at baseline and after five and 10 years.Results:  Iris transluminance was found in 27% of diabetic patients and 8.0% of control subjects (P = 0.001). The diabetic patients with more severe and short‐term retinopathy more commonly had abnormal iris transluminance than those with no or only mild retinopathy (P < 0.05). Iris transluminance was not associated with intraocular pressure or glycemic control.Conclusions:  In type 2 diabetic patients, abnormal iris transluminance tended to associate with more severe and short‐term retinopathy. Therefore we assume that hypoxia is responsible for the defects in the pigment layer of the iris. Thus, abnormal iris transluminance may serve as a marker for rapidly progressive retinopathy.
Use of latanoprost to reduce acute intraocular pressure rise following neodymium: Yag laser iridotomy
Authors: Liu Catherine J. , Cheng Ching‐Yu , Chiang Shu‐Chiung , Chiu Allen W. , Chou Joe C. K. , Hsu Wen‐Ming , Liu Jorn‐Hon 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of latanoprost in reducing acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after neodymium:Yag laser iridotomy (LI).Methods: Primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes were randomized to receive premedication with latanoprost and pilocarpine or with pilocarpine only before LI. Postoperative IOP changes were compared with Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test using the fellow eyes of 47 patients who had one eye in each group.Results: Postoperative pressure spikes were significantly lower (p = 0.010) in the latanoprost group (4.1 ± 5.0 mmHg) than in the control group (6.7 ± 7.0 mmHg). Mean elevation of IOP was less in the latanoprost group than in the control group at 1 hour (2.5 ± 4.8 versus 4.1 ± 4.7 mmHg, p = 0.013) and 2 hours (0.8 ± 5.6 versus 4.4 ± 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.003) postoperatively. Eleven eyes in the latanoprost group (23.4%) and 20 eyes in the control group (42.6%) developed a rise in IOP ≥ 6 mmHg (p = 0.048).Conclusion: Latanoprost may reduce the pressure rise following LI in PACG eyes, but its application is limited by a late onset of effect.