bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling A-site substituent’s influence on magnetocaloric response in La2-xNaxNiMnO6 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) double perovskite manganite materials
Authors: Sever Ibrahim Barış , Ayaş Ali Osman , Kandemir Arda , Ekicibil Ahmet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, the compounds of La2-xNaxNiMnO6 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0) double perovskite manganites have been produced by employing the sol-gel method to investigate their magnetocaloric effect. From X-Ray Diffraction analysis, all compounds crystallized in rhombohedral structure form with the

$${\rm{R}}\bar{3}{\rm{c}}$$

R

3
¯

c

space group confirmed using the Rietveld refinement technique. The compounds show a magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic according to the temperature-dependent magnetization measurement. The phase transition temperatures sharply increased with Na doping (x = 0.1) to 277.8 K which can be considered as under room temperature level and then slowly decreased with further Na concentration to 262.3 K. Using an external magnetic field-dependent magnetization measurements, the isothermal magnetization curves were obtained, and these curves used to find the magnetic entropy change values, which give info about compounds’ characteristics of magnetic cooling performance. Under 5 T magnetic field change, the maximum magnetic entropy change value increased 10 times with a small amount of Na doping (x = 0.1), and compounds’ values changed from 0.21 to 1.29 Jkg−1K−1 for x = 0.0 to 1.0 compounds, respectively. Arrott plots were graphed by using isothermal magnetization curves to demonstrate all the compounds have a 2nd order magnetic phase transition which supports that these compounds can be candidates as magnetic refrigerants.

Graphical Abstract
Treatment practices and survival outcomes for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients according to MGMT promoter methylation status: insights from the U.S. National Cancer Database
Authors: Pham John , Cote David J. , Kang Keiko , Briggs Robert G. , Gomez David , Prasad Apurva , Daggupati Sindhu , Sisti Jonathan , Chow Frances , Attenello Frank , Chen Clark C. , Zada Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is an important prognostic marker in glioblastoma (GBM); however, its implementation in clinical practice remains understudied. Here, we assessed the prevalence of MGMT methylation status among GBM patients in the United States. Additionally, we evaluated treatment practices and survival outcomes of GBM patients according to MGMT promoter methylation status.

Methods
The National Cancer Database was queried to identify all adult U.S. patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with IDH-wildtype GBM between 2018 and 2020. Treatment regimen was grouped into no chemotherapy and no radiotherapy, chemotherapy alone (without radiotherapy), radiotherapy alone (without chemotherapy), and chemoradiotherapy (chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Survival data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling.

Results
A total of 20,734 patients were included, of whom 6,404 (30.9%) had MGMT-methylated GBM, 9,065 (43.7%) had MGMT-unmethylated tumors, and 5,265 (25.4%) had unknown methylation status. The median and three-year overall survival were 12.4 months and 15.5%, respectively, for the entire cohort (16.4 months and 23.9% for MGMT-methylated patients and 11.8 months and 9.8% for MGMT-unmethylated patients, p < 0.001). Chemoradiotherapy was less commonly used for elderly (≥ 70 years, 58.5%) than non-elderly (< 70 years, 79.2%) patients. Among elderly patients, radiotherapy alone was more commonly administered than chemotherapy alone for patients with MGMT-unmethylated tumors (11.2% vs. 2.1%) and MGMT-methylated tumors (6.6% vs. 3.9%). However, chemotherapy alone was associated with a lower mortality risk (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51–0.99, p = 0.04) than radiotherapy alone for elderly patients with MGMT-methylated tumors, while chemotherapy alone was associated with a higher mortality risk (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.09–2.44, p = 0.02) than radiotherapy alone for elderly patients with MGMT-unmethylated tumors. Patients who were elderly, uninsured, insured through Medicaid, lived in zip codes with lower median education levels, or received care at non-academic programs were less likely to undergo MGMT testing.

Conclusion
A high proportion of GBM patients in the United States undergo MGMT promoter testing, though significant sociodemographic disparities exist. While there was a decrease in chemoradiotherapy use with increasing age, radiotherapy alone was more commonly administered to elderly patients than chemotherapy alone irrespective of MGMT promoter methylation status.
Gender-essentialist beliefs and the gender gap in STEM: Evidence on the gender-essentialism theory
Authors: De Gioannis Elena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Horizontal gender segregation persists and is higher in more developed countries (gender-equality paradox). According to the theory of gender essentialism, more developed countries are characterized by more individualism, which in turn pushes individuals to rely more on personal characteristics when deciding about their future careers. The presence of both essentialist beliefs on gender and the endorsement of the stereotypical beliefs that math and science are “for boys” could explain the so-called paradox. By exploiting the large dataset collected by Project Implicit, the study tested the different associations of gender essentialism and implicit and explicit gender stereotypes with attitudes toward science of young women aged 15–19 in 51 countries. The results confirmed that both essentialist and stereotypical beliefs are negatively associated with attitudes toward science, still with differences in the strength of the association. Furthermore, the association between gender essentialism and attitudes toward science is stronger in more developed countries.
The mere-measurement effect of patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Long Preston A. , Huberts Anouk S. , di Torrero Anouk Neureiter , Otto Lisa R. , Rogge Alizé A. , Ritschl Valentin , Stamm Tanja A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The mere-measurement effect is the phenomenon in which subjects exposed to measurements have their perceptions and/or behaviors on the inquired topic affected simply through the act of responding. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used to assess patient perspective and quality of life in clinical trials and different health care settings. This systematic literature review aims to assess what is currently known about the mere-measurement effect of PROs.

Methods
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted. We included studies that provided evidence on perceptual or behavioral changes in patients as a result of exposure to questionnaire items assessing PROs. All adult participants were included regardless of demographics. Any study design was considered eligible for inclusion. The databases MEDLINE [PubMed], CINAHL [Ebsco], Web of Science and ScienceDirect were searched.

Results
The search resulted in 636 articles which led to a final extraction of nine. Overall, seven of the nine articles reported a significant main effect, i.e. presence of the mere-measurement effect. For the meta-analysis, thirteen different interventions were included. There was a one-directional, positive and significant overall risk ratio of 1.17 [CI95% 1.04;1.30].

Conclusion
This systematic review found significant potential for the mere-measurement effect to shape respondents’ behaviors or perceptions for the better, opening the door to the possibility of engineering PROs to serve as a subtle intervention. Future considerations and directions for research are discussed.
Simulating theory and society: How multi-agent artificial intelligence modeling contributes to renewal and critique in social theory
Authors: Shults F. LeRon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article argues that a relatively novel methodology called multi-agent artificial intelligence modeling can play an important role in helping scholars fulfill eight desiderata for a “good” social scientific theory (conceptual clarity, logical consistency, empirical groundedness, parsimony, generativity, testability, insightfulness, and usefulness). The unique contributions of this methodology include its use of psychologically realistic agents in sociologically realistic networks that interact with each other and their simulated environment within an “artificial society.” These simulation tools utilize artificial intelligence in a way that enables scholars to causally generate the emergence of macro-level societal phenomena of interest from the micro-level behaviors and meso-level interactions of simulated agents that represent real world populations. These social digital twins can also integrate multiple social theories within a single causal architecture, providing a unique opportunity for the revolutionizing of our best theoretical frameworks.
Naturalizing normativity: neopragmatist reflections on mental disorder
Authors: Finnegan Colum , Ilieva Alexandra S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper argues that a neopragmatist approach can allow for normativity to be integrated into a thoroughly naturalist account of mental disorder. A recognition of the malleability of norm-governed social practices reveals language, rationality, and mind to be open-ended, fluid processes that resist characterization in terms of fixed mechanistic structures. This, we will argue, foregrounds the import of vocabularies in determining the structure and content of mindedness. Specifically, the broader role that our discursive practices play in generating minds means that the conditions contemporary psychiatric practice seeks to treat are themselves partly constituted by the vocabularies of treatment adopted. We then offer some positive proposals about how mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) may be enhanced once we replace representational approaches to mind with a vocabulary that explicitly articulates the inherent fluidity of self. To do this we draw on insights from mindfulness’s contextual home, namely Buddhism, and elaborate on the significance this tradition places on the doctrine of “not-self” (anātman) as a necessary framework for successful mindfulness practice– a framework that neatly slots into the neopragmatist understanding of mind and self as dynamic and socially constituted.
Disorder or distress? The hermeneutical injustices of overdiagnosis within psychiatry
Authors: Nielsen Thor Hennelund 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Epistemic injustices within diagnostic practices in health care have increasingly been the object of research in recent years. However, most accounts focus on either under- or misdiagnosis resulting from epistemic injustices and have largely neglected the issue of overdiagnosis. This paper explicates what overdiagnosis entails in psychiatry and outline several structural problems within diagnostic practices that enable overdiagnosis. Afterwards, it is argued that overdiagnosis constitutes an instance of hermeneutical injustice. The overdiagnosed are wronged by being classified, perceived, and treated as sick by themselves, healthcare, and society due to problematic diagnostic practices within psychiatry, though their distress might be non-pathological, or they do not stand to benefit from medical treatment. Consequently, the overdiagnosed experience difficulties in being understood, making themselves understood, and understanding themselves, which leads to cognitive disablement and hermeneutical marginalization. Such epistemic injustices indicate the need for less diagnose-centric healthcare systems where help and recognition does not hinge on the ascription of labels.
Understanding human–aquifer interactions using fuzzy cognitive mapping approach at the Palas Basin
Authors: Soylu Mehmet , Dadaser-Celik Filiz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The complex relationships between social and environmental systems create challenges for environmental sustainability. In this study, we used the fuzzy cognitive mapping approach to investigate human–aquifer interactions at the Palas Basin (Kayseri, Türkiye). Cognitive maps are casual maps that reflect the perceptions and understandings of different people/groups. With this approach, we aimed to reveal how goals, perceptions, and understandings of water users/managers affect the groundwater system in the Palas Basin. The cognitive maps were drawn with farmers and state officials and transformed into adjacency matrices for further analyses. Graph theory indices (indegree, outdegree, centrality, density, complexity, hierarchy index) were calculated to characterize maps. The maps of farmers and state officials were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Social cognitive maps were prepared by combining individual cognitive maps. Neural network computational method was used to reveal the response of the system to different management scenarios. This study pointed to the importance of irrigation/irrigated agriculture is for the Palas Basin. Increasing agricultural yields and profits by expanding the cultivation of high water consuming crops and irrigation/fertilization was found to be the priority of people. Both farmers and state officials think that groundwater levels go down due to extensive pumping in the basin. However, farmers are still more focused on short-term economic gains rather than the sustainability of the agricultural system. Fuzzy cognitive mapping approach provided an effective tool for revealing the understandings of water users/managers about the groundwater system. The information obtained in this study could be used in the future for groundwater management in the Palas Basin.
Gradient Structure Evolution During Sintering of WC-TiC-Co Cemented Carbides
Authors: Sten Stella , Odqvist Joakim , Norgren Susanne , Hedström Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Functional gradient sintering of WC-TiC-Co cemented carbides was studied to reveal the effect of powder metallurgical processing conditions on compositional and microstructural, as well as hardness and toughness, gradients. The samples were created by local addition of TiC prior to sintering. Two different starting WC powders, one sub-micron and one medium-coarse, were used. Sintering at two different temperatures of 1410°C and 1475°C was compared. The local addition of TiC created a Ti/Co gradient that affected the structural evolution during sintering. The measured Ti/Co gradient after sintering at 1410°C and 1475°C differed, and the difference was especially apparent for the sample prepared using a sub-micron powder. After sintering at 1475°C, the sample prepared from the sub-micron powder exhibited a large WC grain size gradient and elongated or plate-like WC grains where the Ti concentration was high. In contrast, the sample prepared from the medium-coarse powder only showed a WC grain size gradient and no plate-like WC grain formation. It was also observed that the WC grain surfaces had growth ledges in both samples when the Ti content was enhanced, indicating the influence of Ti on the WC grain growth mechanism.
Novel and Established Neuroimaging Modalities in Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
Authors: Ha Nhi , Khan Mohammad Z. , Kohli Priya , Gaburak Petr , Wang Yusen , Abedi Aidin , Kreydin Evgeniy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is a condition characterized by bladder or urinary sphincter control issues due to neurologic dysregulation. NLUTD commonly causes symptoms like urinary incontinence and retention that impact both urinary health and quality of life. Current NLUTD treatment primarily manages symptoms, as restorative interventions are limited by a lack of diagnostic approaches to understand its underlying neurologic mechanisms. Neuroimaging may help identify neurologic pathways associated with bladder control, providing insights into functional and structural neural changes in NLUTD. This report reviews current neuroimaging modalities and their efficacy in detecting NLUTD.

Recent Findings
Evaluated modalities include functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, functional ultrasonography, electrocorticography, and deep brain stimulation. Each modality’s unique characteristics, such as resolution and invasiveness, shape its application in studying neurologic mechanisms of NLUTD. Collectively, they reveal a consistent finding: reduced brain activation in circuits related to bladder voiding and storage in patients with NLUTD.

Summary
By examining each method’s mechanism, effectiveness, advantages, and limitations, we aim to aid clinicians and researchers in selecting the best techniques for exploring the mechanisms of NLUTD and developing restorative treatments.
An Update of Fungal Endophyte Diversity and Strategies for Augmenting Therapeutic Potential of their Potent Metabolites: Recent Advancement
Authors: Prajapati Chandrabhan , Rai Sachchida Nand , Singh Anurag Kumar , Chopade Balu A. , Singh Yashveer , Singh Santosh Kumar , Haque Shafiul , Prieto Miguel Angel , Ashraf Ghulam Md 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Endophytic fungi represent a significant renewable resource for the discovery of pharmaceutically important compounds, offering substantial potential for new drug development. Their ability to address the growing issue of drug resistance has drawn attention from researchers seeking novel, nature-derived lead molecules that can be produced on a large scale to meet global demand. Recent advancements in genomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics, and improved cultivation techniques have significantly aided the identification and characterization of fungal endophytes and their metabolites. Current estimates suggest there are approximately 1.20 million fungal endophytes globally, yet only around 16% (190,000) have been identified and studied in detail. This underscores the vast untapped potential of fungal endophytes in pharmaceutical research. Research has increasingly focused on the transformation of bioactive compounds by fungal endophytes through chemical and enzymatic processes. A notable example is the anthraquinone derivative 6-O-methylalaternin, whose cytotoxic potential is enhanced by the addition of a hydroxyl group, sharing structural similarities with its parent compound macrosporin. These structure-bioactivity studies open up new avenues for developing safer and more effective therapeutic agents by synthesizing targeted derivatives. Despite the immense promise, challenges remain, particularly in the large-scale cultivation of fungal endophytes and in understanding the complexities of their biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, the genetic manipulation of endophytes for optimized metabolite production is still in its infancy. Future research should aim to overcome these limitations by focusing on more efficient cultivation methods and deeper exploration of fungal endophytes’ genetic and metabolic capabilities to fully harness their therapeutic potential.

Graphical Abstract
Investigation of the Effects of Selenium Against 4-Nonylphenol-induced Toxicity in Rat Testis
Authors: Yılmaz Gülsüm , Eren Ülker , Güleş Özay , Boyacıoğlu Murat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The study aims to investigate whether selenium (Se) has a protective role against testicular toxicity induced by 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in rats and reduces oxidative damage. For this purpose, 30 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (250–300 g/90 days old) were divided into five equal groups: control, sham control, Se, 4-NP, and 4-NP + Se. The trial lasted 48 days, with 4-NP administered at 125 mg/kg/day and Se at 0.5 mg/kg/day. The general microscopic examination of the testicular tissue involved measuring the diameters of seminiferous tubules, epithelial heights, and the density of stage XIV tubules in sections stained with the triple staining method. Caspase 3 and CX43 expressions were observed immunohistochemically, and the numbers of live-dead and normal-abnormal spermatozoa were recorded. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in blood serum and testicular tissue. At the end of the study, testicular toxicity due to 4-NP was demonstrated cytologically, histologically, histometrically, biochemically, and immunohistochemically. Se showed a positive effect against this toxicity, as evidenced by higher stage XIV tubule density in the 4-NP + Se group, lower caspase 3 levels compared to the 4-NP group, decreased MDA levels, increased SOD levels in serum and testicular tissue, and a higher count of live and normal spermatozoa. When used alone, Se may cause metabolic adverse effects, such as decreased live weight gain, reduced tubule diameter and epithelial height, and increased caspase 3 expression, depending on the dose and duration of use.
A case of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growing within the pancreatic duct mimicking an intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm
Authors: Sato Ryosuke , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Uka Mayu , Takagi Kosei , Nishida Kenji , Tanaka Takehiro , Fujii Yuki , Tsutsumi Koichiro , Horiguchi Shigeru , Otsuka Motoyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We herein report a case of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that developed within the pancreatic duct and was initially diagnosed as an intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN). A 76-year-old man presented with weight loss and main pancreatic duct dilation. The imaging studies revealed a 30-mm hypovascular tumor within the main duct of the pancreatic head. An endoscopic examination with a biopsy revealed high-grade atypical epithelial cells with immunostaining patterns suggestive of ITPN. Following robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy, postoperative pathology revealed conflicting features: nodular/cribriform infiltrations typical of ITPN and non-lobular replacement with scattered infiltrations characteristic of PDAC. A comprehensive genomic profiling test detected KRAS and TP53 mutations, leading to the final diagnosis of PDAC (fT3N1aM0, stage IIB). The patient received adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy and remained recurrence-free for 15 months post-surgery. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of differentiating intraductal pancreatic tumors and demonstrates the utility of integrating genetic testing with conventional diagnostic modalities for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection.