bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The arrival of postmodernist strategic theory: its academic manifestation and the development of a new modernist perspective
Authors: Woods Adrian , Joyce Paul 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
In this article different ways of conceptualizing strategic planning are explored, namely;

. Modern strategic planning with its emphasis on using scientific methods to find out about and programme the future.
. Postmodern strategic planning that calls into question the strategist's ability to know and programme the future.
. New modern strategic planning that stresses the importance of the strategist(s) interacting with other stakeholders and experimenting through strategic projects rather than planning from on high and then dictating changes which have been totally programmed—being able through foresight as opposed to forecasting to build a bridge from the present to the future.

From this the role of the strategist(s) in organizations as being charged with providing leadership through foresight and being able to forge different stakeholders together is explored.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic breakout in UK telecommunications: the case of Kingston Communications
Authors: Turner Colin 
Published: August 2002

Abstract
The progressive liberalization of the UK telecommunications sector has necessitated a strategic repositioning by its incumbent operators, British Telecommunications (BT) and Kingston Communications (KC), as they face up to increased competition within their traditional market places.
This repositioning has stimulated a process of strategic breakout, a framework derived from the author's on‐going examination of changes in the European telecommunications sector.
Amendments in the regulatory framework governing the industry has enabled firms to move into geographic and product markets from which they were previously excluded. However, they still face a residual regulatory framework that sustains a commitment by them to their base market principally through universal service obligations.
Such a scenario has the potential to create conflict and undermine strategic focus. This paper seeks to explore this conflict through the strategic repositioning of KC since its licence was last reviewed in July 1998. After exploring the process of strategic breakout, the framework is then applied to KC highlighting how the process, when interacting with the residual regulatory framework, creates the potential for strategic conflict.
Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Search for predictors of cooking quality of marrowfat pea (Pisum sativum L) cultivars
Authors: Savage Geoffrey P , Savage Grace E , Russell Adrian C , Koolaard John P 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe grain from 116 marrowfat pea breeding lines was assessed subjectively using current visual methods and then analysed objectively for L*a*b* colour, hydration capacity and cooking quality. The data show that the current method of selecting genotypes by subjective methods is not able to select marrowfat peas for specific processing uses. However, an objective measure, the −a* value of the dry grain, was a very good predictor (p < 0.001) for the hydrated and cooked green colour. Cultivars which have a high hydration coefficient may be more suitable for canning and deep frying because they hydrate to a larger size, while cultivars with a high bulk density and a darker green grain are more suitable for use as extrusion products.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Apoptosis and its correlation with proliferative activity in rectal cancer
Authors: Kim Young‐Ho , Lee Jun Haeng , Chun Hokyung , Nam Seok‐Jin , Lee Woo‐Yong , Song Sang Yong , Kwon O Jun , Hyun Jae Geun , Sung In Kyung , Son Hee Jung , Rhee Poong‐Lyul , Kim Jae J. , Paik Seung Woon , Rhee Jong Chul , Choi Kyoo Wan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlterations in the normal control of apoptosis and cell proliferation are important factors in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of apoptosis and cell proliferation in rectal cancers and to examine their relationship to clinicopathological variables and expression of bcl‐2 and p53.MethodsTerminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and immunohistochemical staining for Ki‐67, bcl‐2, and p53 were performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of 57 rectal cancers.ResultsThere was a positive linear correlation between apoptotic index (AI) and proliferative index (PI) (γ = 0.276, P = 0.038). Both apoptosis and cell proliferation were more frequently found in rectal cancers with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.045 and 0.010, respectively). However, the ratio of AI and PI was not different by nodal status. There was no association between Dukes stage and AI or PI. The frequency of apoptosis was inversely related to the expression of bcl‐2, but was not related to the p53 status of rectal cancer. There were no association between cell proliferation and the expression of bcl‐2 or p53.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the susceptibility to apoptosis in rectal cancer is clearly related to the proliferative activity and high turnover rate of tumor cells may contribute to lymph node metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:236–242. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FDG–PET sensitivity for melanoma lymph node metastases is dependent on tumor volume
Authors: Wagner Jeffrey D. , Schauwecker Donald S. , Davidson Darrell , Wenck Stacie , Jung Sin‐Ho , Hutchins Gary 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to determine the tumor volume threshold for successful positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of melanoma nodal metastases.MethodsReview of a clinical series of patients who had FDG–PET imaging of regional lymph node basins followed by lymphadenectomy. Lymph node tumor volumes were calculated from direct measurements of metastatic nodule(s) in formalin fixed specimens. PET scan interpretations were correlated with histology to determine sensitivity. Sensitivity was correlated with the aggregate lymph node tumor volume in the nodal basin and with AJCC stage group.ResultsForty‐five patients with 49 pathologically positive regional nodal basins comprised the study group. Median total basin tumor volume was 28.3 mm3(range 0.004–22,879 mm3). FDG–PET sensitivity for detection of all tumor volumes was 0.49. The observed 90% sensitivity threshold for detection of nodal metastases was ≥ 78 mm3. PET sensitivity was 0.14 for detection of tumor volumes < 78 mm3. PET sensitivity differed by prescan AJCC stage: I—0.0; II—0.24; III—0.81; IV—1.0 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsFDG–PET reliably detects lymph node tumor deposits greater than approximately 80 mm3 volume, but sensitivity falls rapidly below this. This amount of tumor is most likely to occur in patients with AJCC stage III or IV disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;77:237–242. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 with cervical neoplasia in histological typing and clinical stage in Taiwan: An in‐situ polymerase chain reaction approach
Authors: Shyu Jean‐Shiunn , Chen Cheng‐Jueng , Chiu Chia‐Chang , Huang Su‐Chin , Harn Horng‐Jyh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectives:In situ polymerase chain reaction (ISPCR) promises to considerably enhance our ability to detect a few copies of target nucleic acid sequences in fixed tissues and cells. The aim of this study was to investigate cervical carcinoma to determine the human papillomavirus (HPV) types on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections by ISPCR and standard in situ hybridization. The results will correlate the morphological characteristics of lesions with viral typing results..Methods:This study examined prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 DNA in biopsies from 85 cervical cancer patients by ISPCR, employing HPV 16, 18 consensus primers. There are 45 patients with squamous cell carcinomas, 13 with adenocarcinoma, 2 with adenosquamous carcinomas, 3 with small cell carcinomas, and 22 carcinoma in situ. The relation between the types of HPV detected, tumor type, and clinical stage were analyzed.Results:Fifty‐two of 85 biopsies were HPV 16‐ or 18‐positive, HPV 16 being the most prevalent type. Squamous cell carcinoma had a high prevalence of HPV 16 and adenocarcinoma had a high prevalence of HPV 18. HPV 18 was the predominant type among high clinical stage (III–IV) cases while HPV 16 and mixed HPV 16 with HPV18 were significantly correlated with low clinical stage (0–I–II).Conclusion:Our results indicate that certain malignant cervical tumor phenotypes and stages correlate with specific HPV type, and that ISPCR is a sensitive and fast method to detect HPV in these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:101–109. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chyle withdrawal from an implanted port in occult innominate vein stenosis
Authors: Kao Chiung‐Lun , Chang Jen‐Ping 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTotally implantable venous devices are widely used for chemotherapy and parenteral nutrition. There have been many device‐associated complications reported in the literature. Herein, we report a case of chyle withdrawal from an implanted port that occurred secondary to occult innominate vein stenosis in a patient receiving chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lung metastasis. The port remained patent and functioning well after balloon angioplasty. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:138–140. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attenuation by boron supplementation of the biochemical changes associated with thioacetamide‐induced hepatic lesions
Authors: Ali Shakir , Diwakar G. , Pawa Sonica , Siddiqui M.R. , Jain S.K. , Abdulla M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAcute hepatic failure is a severe complication induced by certain chemicals, drugs, or virus. Thioacetamide generally has been used for the study of hepatic failure in experimental animal model. The present study was aimed at to examine the role of boron in the pathogenesis of acute hepatic failure in rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide produced severe liver injury, as manifested by elevation in serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and hepatic lipid peroxidation. Boron, when administered in the form of boric acid for three consecutive days followed by thioace‐tamide, attenuated thioacetamide‐mediated changes in the level of these biochemical parameters in a dose‐dependent manner. The effect of boron supplementation on the survival rates of rats treated with a lethal dose of thioacetamide was also determined and found to lower the mortality rates in the group of animals supplemented with boron followed by thioacetmide. The effects on biochemical parameters and the survival rates were dependent on the dose of boron administered as boric acid. It is concluded that boron provides protection against the thioacetamide‐induced acute hepatic failure in rats in a dose‐dependent manner. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15: 47–55, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary copper deficiency increases inducible nitric oxide synthase‐mediated vascular dilation in rat aorta
Authors: Gobejishvili Leila , Saari Jack T. , Adeagbo Ayotunde S.O. , Zhang Xiaodong , Schuschke Dale A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe attenuation of endothelium‐dependent nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated vasodilation is a consistent finding in both conduit and resistance vessels during copper deficiency. However, there is often no effect on systemic blood pressure in experimental animals, suggesting that peripheral vascular resistance is not altered. We hypothesized that baseline vascular smooth muscle relaxation may be maintained by a chronic increase in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, as has been documented in hearts of copper‐deficient rats. We used endothelium‐denuded rat aortic rings to examine the role of iNOS in the regulation of vascular reactivity during dietary copper deficiency. Male weanling rats were fed a copper‐adequate (CuA, 5.6 mg Cu/kg diet) or copper‐deficient diet (CuD, 0.33 mg Cu/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The induction of “functional” iNOS was indicated by a relaxation response to the NO precursor L‐arginine or to Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD), which preserves basal NO. Time to 50% relaxation in response to either compound was significantly shorter in the CuD than in the CuA aortas. The maximal relaxation response to L‐arginine was blocked by the iNOS inhibitor L‐NIL, and the relaxation response to Cu,Zn‐SOD was blocked by the NO‐sensitive guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ. Maximal activation of iNOS expression with lipopolysaccharide pretreatment did not cause a difference in vascular relaxation between dietary groups in response to L‐arginine. Expression of the iNOS protein in the aortas was also not different between groups. These results suggest that although there is no apparent increase in protein expression, copper deficiency increases baseline iNOS activity in the vascular wall. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:85–95, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shock tube determination of the overall rate of NH2 + NO → products in the thermal De‐NOx temperature window
Authors: Song S. , Hanson R. K. , Bowman C. T. , Golden D. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe rate coefficient of the reaction NH2 + NO → products (R1) was determined in shock tube experiments using frequency‐modulation absorption spectroscopy for detection of NH2. Because of the sensitivity of the diagnostic system, very low reactant concentrations could be employed in order to reduce the influence of secondary reactions on the NH2 profiles. Benzylamine, C6H5CH2NH2, was used as a thermal source of the NH2 radicals in the experiments. To determine the reaction rate, a perturbation strategy was employed that is based on changes in the NH2 profiles when NO is added to the C6H5CH2NH2/Ar mixtures. The measured NH2 profiles were interpreted by detailed kinetic modeling to obtain the overall reaction rate of R1 in the temperature range 1262–1726 K. The lower temperature limit of the present study is in the middle of the Thermal De‐NOx temperature window. The present rate measurements are consistent with both our previous determination of the rate at higher temperatures and lower temperature data. A rate expression obtained by combining our higher temperature data and lower temperature data is
k1 = 6.83 × 1015 T−1.203 e106/T (K) cm3 mol−1 s−1
for the temperature range 200–2500 K. The estimated uncertainty of the rate coefficient is ±20%. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 715–721, 2001
Temporal changes of resource use, soil fertility and economic situation in upland Northwest Vietnam
Authors: Wezel A. , Luibrand A. , Thanh Le Quoc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAgricultural land in lowland Vietnam is scarce due to population growth. Hence, cultivation is increasingly practised on the steep upland slopes. Factors affecting resource use, soil fertility and household economics were studied in six villages of the Black Thai ethnic group in northwest Vietnam. Farmers were interviewed about their individual household situation. Yield development of major crops and cropping patterns in upland cultivation over the last 50 years were recorded in group discussions. In addition, soil fertility was analysed on different land‐use units.Formerly predominant upland rice changed to maize and cassava production at present. Decreasing soil fertility and a shift from subsistence to market‐oriented production, facilitated by new maize varieties and better access to markets are major causes. The Black Thai farmers economy has improved in recent years. The decline in soil fertility is concealed by higher maize yields from new varieties, and soil fertility conservation ranks low among farmers' priorities. The improved economy of the individual households might be of short duration if farmers cannot be sensitized to new resource management options. These have to be developed in line with farmers' priorities and the fragile environment of Vietnam's uplands. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diode‐pumped fiber lasers: A new clinical tool?
Authors: Jackson Stuart D. , Lauto Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDiode‐pumped fiber lasers are a compact and an efficient source of high power laser radiation. These laser systems have found wide recognition in the area of lasers as a result of these very practical characteristics and are now becoming important tools for a large number of applications. In this review, we outline the basic physics of fiber lasers and illustrate how a number of clinical procedures would benefit from their employment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe pump mechanisms, the relevant pump and laser transitions between the energy levels, and the main properties of the output from fiber lasers will be briefly reviewed. The main types of high power fiber lasers that have been demonstrated will be examined along with some recent medical applications that have used these lasers. We will also provide a general review of some important medical specialties, highlighting why these fields would gain from the introduction of the fiber laser.Results/ConclusionIt is established that while the fiber laser is still a new form of laser device and hence not commercially available in a wide sense, a number of important medical procedures will benefit from its general introduction into medicine. With the number of medical and surgical applications requiring high power laser radiation steadily increasing, the demand for more efficient and compact laser systems providing this capacity will grow commensurately. The high power fiber laser is one system that looks like a promising modality to meet this need. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:184‐190, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser‐tissue soldering with biodegradable polymer films in vitro: Film surface morphology and hydration effects
Authors: Sorg Brian S. , Welch Ashley J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePrevious research introduced the concept of using biodegradable polymer film reinforcement of a liquid albumin solder for improvement of the tensile strength of repaired incisions in vitro. In this study, the effect of creating small pores in the PLGA films on the weld breaking strength is studied. Additionally, the effect of hydration on the strength of the reinforced welds is investigated.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA 50%(w/v) bovine serum albumin solder with 0.5 mg/mL Indocyanine Green dye was used to repair an incision in bovine aorta. The solder was coagulated with an 806‐nm CW diode laser. A poly(DL‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) film was used to reinforce the solder (the controls had solder but no reinforcement). Breaking strengths were measured acutely and after hydration in saline for 1 and 2 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (P < 0.05) and multiple comparisons of means were performed using the Newman–Keuls test.ResultsThe creation of pores in the PLGA films qualitatively improved the film flexibility without having an apparent adverse effect on the breaking strength, while the actual technique of applying the film and solder had more of an effect. The acute maximum average breaking strengths of some of the film reinforced specimens (114.7 g–134.4 g) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the acute maximum average breaking strength of the unreinforced control specimens (68.3 g). Film reinforced specimens were shown to have a statistically significantly higher breaking strength than unreinforced controls after 1‐ and 2‐day hydration.ConclusionsReinforcement of liquid albumin solders in laser‐assisted incision repair appears to have advantages over conventional methods that do not reinforce the cohesive strength of the solder in terms of acute breaking strength and after immersion in moist environments for short periods of time. Using a film with the solder applied to one surface only may be advantageous over other techniques. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:297–306, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical‐thermal simulation of tonsillar tissue irradiation
Authors: Shah Rahul K. , Nemati Babak , Wang Lihong V. , Shapshay Stanley M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDespite laser applications targetted toward tonsillar tissue, there has been no characterization of underlying optical and thermal events during laser irradiation of tonsillar tissue.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe optical properties of canine and human tonsils were determined at 805 nm (diode laser) and 1,064 nm (Nd:YAG laser). An optical‐thermal simulation was developed to predict the temperature rise in irradiated human tonsils.ResultsThe optical properties of human and canine tonsillar tissue are similar at both wavelengths. The optical‐thermal simulation was validated and predicts that at 10 W and 1 minute of irradiation, the heat will be contained within the human tonsil. The diode laser causes more superficial heating than the Nd:YAG laser.ConclusionsThe safety of irradiating human tonsils was shown. The diode laser is superior to the Nd:YAG laser because less heat affects collateral structures. The optical‐thermal simulation detailed in this study can be used to predict the temperature rise in tissues undergoing irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:313–319, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of narrow but deep lesions suitable for ablation of atrial fibrillation using a saline‐cooled narrow beam Nd:YAG laser catheter
Authors: Thomas Stuart P. , Guy Duncan J.R. , Rees Arianwun , Collins Lee , Ross David L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLines of radiofrequency ablation for cure of atrial fibrillation are broad, and the consequent loss of atrial mass may impair atrial function and contribute to the risk of stroke. We studied whether Nd:YAG laser could produce deep but narrower lesions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsLaser lesions were made in ventricular myocardium of nonperfused ovine hearts and at thoracotomy in dogs.ResultsLesions were well demarcated, deep, and narrow. Saline irrigation prevented crater formation for energy levels below 200 J. Lesion depth increased with increasing duration of ablation (maximum 5.3 ± 0.8mm, P < 0.01). The depth to width ratio was >1 in all cases (maximum 2.5 ± 1.6). The narrowest lesions were made by using high power, short duration of exposure, and intermittent delivery.ConclusionsIrrigated Nd:YAG laser can be used to make deep narrow myocardial lesions without crater formation. Laser ablation may be more suitable than radiofrequency ablation for intraoperative or catheter‐based cure of atrial fibrillation. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:375–380, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.