bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spanish-Mexican Rim
Authors: Weber David J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1826 a Pueblo Indian appealed to New Mexico officials to stop non-Indians from acquiring land belonging to his community. As alcalde, or mayor, Rafael Aguilar claimed to represent the “principal citizens of the Pueblo of Pecos,” a once-powerful town that lay astride a key pass between the Rio Grande valley and the western edge of the high plains. Writing in phonetic Spanish, Aguilar reminded authorities that Pueblo Indians enjoyed the rights of citizens, that the law guaranteed their ownership of four square leagues of land around their pueblo, and that non-Indians had no right to acquire Pueblo lands. Aguilar’s petition was one of several formal complaints lodged in the 1820s by natives of Pecos to protect their farms and pastures. In legal terms, the petitions paid off. In 1829 the New Mexico legislature ordered non-Indians to vacate Pecos Pueblo lands.
Anierican Frontier
Authors: West Elliott 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Is any word in the American idiom more evocative and elusive than frontier? Few persons can agree on what the frontier was, yet few will deny that it existed and that before its passing it somehow helped shape the nation. Trans-Appalachian America is a case in point. The frontier certainly left its stamp on this region of more than half a million square miles between the Appalachian plateaus and the Mississippi River. Through the region’s standard histories walk figures-from Daniel Boone and the “men of western waters” to Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison-who became, even in their own lifetimes, icons of the “pioneer experience.” That vague phrase, and particular images of this American frontier, are bound up as well with popular perceptions of the American people and their emerging character.
Animals And Enterprise
Authors: White Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
If a roof had been built over the southern plains in the early 1870s, the American zoologist William Hornaday wrote, it would have been “one vast charnel house.” During the fall of 1873 the corpses, stinking and rotting in the sun, lay in a line for forty miles along the north bank of the Arkansas River. William Blackmore, an English traveler, counted sixty-seven bodies in a space not covering four acres. The bodies were those of bison. They died in such numbers and so close together because if a hunter got properly downwind, if a bluff partially concealed him, and if his luck held, he might shoot, reload, and shoot, again and again and again, without the animals stampeding.
A Region Of Cities
Authors: O’connor Carol A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On 8 October 1957 the newspapers confirmed what the public suspected. The National League baseball team the Brooklyn Dodgers was moving to Los Angeles. Falling gate receipts at Ebbets Field, which suburban fans found inaccessible, together with the failure of squabbling borough chiefs to agree on a new site for the team, prompted the Dodgers to look elsewhere. Los Angeles, already home to the football Rams, beckoned with an audience of proven sports fans eager for a crack at the national pastime. The advent of nationwide jet passenger service enhanced the city’s chances, and bold action on the part of city leaders clinched the deal. Pointing to land formerly slated for “communistic” public housing, they forced out impoverished squatters and offered the Dodgers a site for their stadium at the heart of the metropolitan network of freeways. The Dodgers’s decision, together with the news that the New York Giants were also moving west, endowed Los Angeles and San Francisco with the mantle of major-league status. In the opinion of many Americans, the cities of the West had finally arrived. To some extent such a perception was accurate. With the passing of each year after 1940, the impact of technology and the flow of government dollars furthered the integration of western cities into the national economy and culture. But to the extent that such a perception implied that cities were new to the West, it was wrong. Western history had had a significant urban dimension from the beginnings of nonnative settlement. What was more, in the nineteenth century and especially in the twentieth, western cities contributed to the shape of the American metropolis, helping to determine what modern-day living is all about.
Bill Clinton’s “Affirmative Action” Trade Policy
Authors: Krauss Melvyn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In a meritocracy, the society’s glittering prizes go to its glittering talents. Quotas to achieve politically correct objectives are an anathema. In the modern welfare state, however, protective quotas are omnipresent though they are not called quotas-they are called “affirmative action.” Universities have “affirmative action” admission policies; businesses have “affirmative action” employment policies; and governments have “affirmative action” procurement policies. Now with Bill Clinton as president, the United States has originated an “affirmative action” trade policy.
The Rise of Regionalism
Authors: Krauss Melvyn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Regionalism in Western Europe rose from the ashes of World War II. The economic, political, and spiritual devastation wrought by the war left Western Europe exhausted and vulnerable to a then-growing communist threat. On the theory that a rapid economic recovery was the best defense against communism, the United States put Western Europe’s economic reconstruction at the very top of its postwar agenda. For this country-which emerged from the war unabashedly internationalist, anticommunist, and self-confidentthe question was not whether to help Western Europe get back on its feet, but how best to proceed.
lntimate Boundaries
Authors: Magray Mary Peckham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mother. Magdalen Gould died in 1869 in the Youghal Presentation con vent, which she had founded with her inheritance earlier in the century and where she had been a revered figure for many years. Under her leadership the convent had become particularly successful through its ability to offer a stable, peaceful, and fulfilling life for the women who entered there.
Cultural Authority
Authors: Magray Mary Peckham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
JOHN TROY, ARCHBISHOP of Dublin, helped to orchestrate the city’s first public profession ceremony for women religious in 1802 at the Presentation convent in George’s Hill, Dublin. To “add to the solemnity” of the occasion, Troy invited the city’s priests to attend, as well as the country’s bishops and archbishops. The first to arrive in town was Doctor Dillon, archbishop of Armagh.
Introduction
Authors: Brennan T Corey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The praetorship was an important military and civil office-of regular magistracies, second only to the consulship-and was one of the most enduring of Roman political institutions: it originated in the mid-fourth century and lasted in some form through the late Empire. The praetor held imperium (traditionally, the original regal civil and military authority) which was defined as being of the same nature as the consuls’, but minus, “lesser,” in relation to theirs. As a magistrate with this type of imperium, almost all activities of the consul were open to the praetor, unless a consul stopped him; but a praetor could not interfere with the consuls. The prae tor’s imperium was also minus in respect to a dictator’s.
Introduction
Authors: Coles Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At one point early in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, James Agee stops to contemplate the awesome task before him, that of doing justice to the lives of the tenant-farmer families he and Walker Evans had met in July of 1936. They had been sent south by the editors of Fortune magazine to do a story on the agricultural economy of that region. They had chosen central Alabama as their locale, the heart of the so-called black belt, a phrase meant to describe not a racial population but a kind of earth, rich and productive for growing crops. They had made their way, with the help of others, to three families, all of them white—and now faced the task of figuring out what to try to learn, and then what to offer the readers who would challenge their words and images.
Thinking Orientals: Migration, Contact, and Exoticism in Modern America
Authors: Yu Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thinking Orientals is a ground breaking study of Asian Americans and the racial formation of twentieth-century American society. It reveals the influential role Asian Americans played in constructing the understandings of Asian American identity. It examines the unique role played by sociologists, particularly sociologists at the University of Chicago, in the study of the “Oriental Problem” before World War II and also analyzes the internment of Japanese Americans during the war and the subsequent “model minority” profile.
Wanted: Interpreters and lnformants—Orientals, Please Apply
Authors: Yu Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
“Chicago is the city from which the most incisive and radical Negro Thought has come; there is an open and raw beauty about that city that seems either to kill or endow one with the spirit of life.” So wrote novelist Richard Wright in his 1945 foreword to St. Clair Drake and Horace Cayton’s Black Metropolis, a study of Chicago’s African American community. In his essay, Wright asserted that Chicago sociology had helped him understand what it had meant to be a Negro in the United States:
Death and Life
Authors: Prada Manuel González , Fornoff Frederick H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Is there great pain in dying or does a comatose state precede the final crisis? Sometimes death lets us die, at other times it kills us. Some show signs of passing on slowly and smoothly, like a perfume that seeps out of the flask through an imperceptible crack; others succumb desperately, as if life were being torn from them piece by piece with white hot pincers. In old age we surrender, but in our youth we fight back. Who knows what death might be like: first, a great pain or a heavy drowsiness; afterwards an invincible dream; then, a polar chill; and finally, something evaporating in the brain and something turning the rest of the body to marble.
Our Indians
Authors: Prada Manuel González , Fornoff Frederick H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
‘This article was not included in the first edition of Horas de lucha. We have included it in this edition because we believe the ideas expressed in it are in harmony with the spirit of the work. We should point out, however, that the author never finished “Nuestros indios,” and he certainly never provided definitive corrections to the pages he had sketched. And we have decided to publish it as he left it, respecting the spontaneous style of the author, instead of incorporating changes in which our good intentions would not always have managed to excuse our clumsiness, so as not to deprive the public of knowing the author’s opinion concerning a topic of such national importance-A.G.P.
Poetry
Authors: Prada Manuel González , Fornoff Frederick H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The time has passed when queens kissed sleeping poets on the mouth or kings were as flattered to have a sonnet engraved in their honor as a crown placed on their heads. Today, even those who write verse take pleasure in denigrating poetry, and a Chateaubriand (who lives through the sentiments and imagination of his books) maintains that “becoming a poet is the same as losing one’s strength of mind.” Still, to a Chateaubriand we can oppose a Victor Hugo.
The Responsibility of the Anarchist
Authors: Prada Manuel González , Fornoff Frederick H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are two revolutions: one in the field of ideas and one on the field of action. Neither takes precedence over the other, since the word often reaches where the rifle cannot, and a book can demolish fortresses the cannon cannot. Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau are just as much revolutionaries as Mirabeau, Danton, and Robespierre. Luther does not take a back seat to Garibaldi, Comte to Bolivar, nor Darwin to Cromwell. Consciously or unconsciously, the initiators of every political, social, religious, literary, or scientific revolution are paving the way for anarchy. By removing the errors or obstacles from the path, they facilitate the march of the individual toward complete emancipation, playing the role of anarchists without intending or even wanting to do so.
The State
Authors: Prada Manuel González , Fornoff Frederick H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Enslavement to a political cause is equivalent to subservience to a religious cause: slaves of a dinner jacket or sport coat are no different from servants of a cassock or a habit. To acknowledge the omnipotence of a parliament is, perhaps, even more absurd than to confer infallibility on an assembly of bishops. Even in the highest ecclesiastical councils men versed in Latin and canon law engage in false logic and erroneous claims, while gentlemen who can scarcely tell you how many fingers they have on each hand pontificate and quibble over complex legal matters in congresses everywhere.
Socialism and Anarchy
Authors: Prada Manuel González , Fornoff Frederick H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Though we may praise the good intentions of all those who spoke or wrote at the beginning of May, we cannot but lament the con fusion some have displayed about men and things, giving certain individuals a place they do not merit and regarding as equal or similar ideas that exclude or contradict each other. And let us not imagine that this happens only in Peru, where we live in a kind of intellectual in fancy. In Europe, just as among us, many are sincerely seeking a fixed orientation, but the soundness of their intentions does n’t prevent them from groping aimlessly in the dark.
Social Diversity and the Study of State Politics and Policy
Authors: Hero Rodney E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The federal structure of the U.S. political system is important in numerous and varied ways. One major implication of federalism as an institutional feature is that states are permitted-indeed, expected-to be significant governments and policymakers (i.e., “polities”) in the United States. States have historically been the primary domestic public policymakers, and despite tremendous changes in the U.S. political and social systems over time, they remain so.1 By many accounts the policymaking importance of the states has grown over the last generation. In such major policy areas as education, welfare, health, crime and law enforcement, taxation, economic development, and transportation, the states and local governments are equally or more directly involved in policymaking and policy implementation than is the federal government. State governments wield a major portion of the “police power” of government-the power to make laws concerning the health, safety, morals, and well-being of the citizenry-in the United States because of the “reserved powers” clause of the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
The Well-Ordered Prison: England, 1780-1865
Authors: McGowen Randall 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The contrast between a prison in 1780 and one in 1865 could scarcely have been greater. Disorder and neglect were the dominant features of the eighteenth-century prison. On entering the jail, one was confronted with the noise and smell of the place. It was seldom easy to distinguish those who belonged in the prison from those who did not. Only the presence of irons differentiated the felons from the visitors or from the debtors and their families. The jail appeared to be a peculiar kind of lodging house with a mixed clientele. Some of its inhabitants lived in ease while others suffered in squalor. There was little evidence of authority. Some prisoners gambled while others stood drinking at the prison tap. On the other hand, the prison in the mid-nineteenth century was quiet and orderly, if also drab and functional. The eeriness of the building was exaggerated by the ghostly forms of convicts in uniforms and masks. Only prisoners and jailers were present, and the difference between the two groups was apparent at a glance. Conversation and pleasure had been outlawed, but the prison was clean and healthy. Prisoners were confined to identical cells and subjected to a similar diet. Their lives were carefully regulated. A prison had assumed an unmistakable appearance.
Clintoians And Burrites
Authors: Cornog Evan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
THE REPUBLICAN VICTORIES OF 1800 and 1801 had greatly weakened the power of the Federalists, and that weakness allowed existing rivalries within the Republican ranks to sharpen into public discord and even bloodshed. If the politics of New York a decade earlier could be described as being divided among the Schuylers, the Clintons, and the Livingstons, by 1801 Aaron Burr and his associates had created a new force. The founding of the Manhattan Company had given Burr a powerful tool to win influential people to his side, and his skillful conduct of the state campaign for Jefferson in 1800 had won him admirers and made clear his skill in the developing art of popular politics.
Clintonians And Quids
Authors: Cornog Evan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
But into all such political Edens the serpent quickly slithers, and it was indeed with almost biblical disgust that Clinton found his hoped-for puppet governor, Morgan Lewis, forsaking him to advance his own and the Livingston interests. The son of Francis Lewis, a New York merchant and a signer of the Declaration of independence, Morgan Lewis had served in the Continental Army as a quartermaster and as chief of staff to Horatio Gates at the Battle of Saratoga; during the war he had married a daughter of Robert R. Livingston. Before becoming governor, he had been the state attorney general, a state supreme court justice, and then chief justice.
Resurrection
Authors: Cornog Evan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
COMPARED WITH CLINTON’S prostration in 1815, that of1823 appeared even more likely to be final. The new state constitution seemed to insure that the reins of state power would remain firmly in the grasp of the Buck tails. Clinton’s most potent issue had lost its salience: everyone now favored the canal. The Federalist party, whose remnants had helped Clinton win and exercise the governorship, had dis solved, and many Federalists had cast their lot with Van Buren’s men, who controlled patronage and, unlike the erratic Clinton, made a point of rewarding faithful adherents.
About Oliver E. Williamson
Authors: Masten Scott E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the history of economic thought, there has been perhaps more than a little want of the spirit of which Cannan spoke. Although a wide variety of institutions and organizational forms influence economic activity, economists have preoccupied themselves primarily with the performance and limitations of markets and, particularly, the role of prices in coordinating production and exchange. The operation and limitations of non-market institutions and, correspondingly, the issue of when one institutional arrangement will-or should-be substituted for another had, until quite recently, elicited relatively little systematic attention.
Corporate Law and Corporate Governance
Authors: Romano Roberta 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Corporate law and corporate governance are flip sides of the same coin. The fundamental task of corporate law is to provide a framework of goverance institutions that mitigate the agency problem arising from the separation of ownership and control in the modern corporation-that the interests of the managers who control corporate decision-making may not coincide with the interests of their principals, the corporation’s owners.
Research Designs
Authors: Murray David M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are four major features that combine to differentiate the designs commonly used in group-randomized trials. The first is whether the design is a main-effects or factorial design. The second is the schedule for data collection. The third is whether the design is a cohort or a cross-sectional design. The fourth is whether or not the design will include a priori matching or stratification. Decisions related to these features will be strongly influenced by the research question, but also by other considerations. This chapter will review the alternatives available for each of these features and the factors that can influence the investigators decisions.
Introduction: Rethinking America’s Liberal Tradition
Authors: Kloppenberg James T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book issues the summons of Langston Hughes to American liberals: “KEEP YOUR HANDS ON THE PLOW! HOLD ON!” For fifty years now the ideas and policies of American liberalism have been on the defensive, first against charges of communism or socialism, more recently against charges of moral as well as economic apostasy. The time has come to reconsider the ideals that inspired generations of Americans to see the rich potential of political engagement as well as the value of private pursuits, to acknowledge the importance of public deliberation about the meanings of our shared standards of liberty and justice for all.
Good-Bye Antitrust (1983-1999)
Authors: Geisst Charles R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After a hundred years of attempting to come to grips with alleged monopolies, no one expected the 1980s and 1990s to become a revolution in industrial organization and a boom for Wall Street’s mergersand-acquisitions specialists. Yet American industry was on the verge of its greatest change since the days of Gould and Vanderbilt.
The Cult As A Social System
Authors: Galanter Marc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At the interface between the charismatic religious sect and society at large, strange things happen. Many people have noted the glazed look of members of such sects as the Unification Church when they venture outside the fold and mix with nonmembers. It has been suggested that such behavior is symptomatic of psychopathology, specifically a dissociative state. Others who studied the sects, however, have not made such observations. In this chapter, we will see how the discrepancy represents different aspects of behavior at the boundary of a social system.
The Nature Of Healing Movements
Authors: Galanter Marc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I considered the study of religious cults an avocation and pursued it along with my day job as a psychiatrist in the addiction field. While the Moonies were making headlines with their aggressive recruitment techniques, I was learning about the remarkable effects of the spiritually oriented group Alco holics Anonymous. M was clearly a zealous and cohesive movement, a charismatic group of sorts, one that worked very well as a worldwide treatment program for alcoholics. Its success suggested that there might be a benefit in applying some of the group techniques observed in both M and in the cults to mobilize patients in alcoholism clinics so they could accept the idea of sobriety more fully, and become more effectively committed to their own recovery.
Equity
Authors:   Aaas
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A Central Problem for reformers is to make science understandable, accessible, and perhaps even enjoyable to all K-12 students. All students are expected to achieve some degree of literacy in reading and mathematics. In contrast, science has been viewed as the province of a privileged few. Even today, there are opinions that most people can, at best, learn about science, rather than how to do science (Shamos, 1996). This chapter explores the implications of science education for various groups of students who presently are underrepresented in science classes and science-related careers, do not achieve highly in science, have difficulty getting access to appropriate learning environments for science, or may not match current stereotypes of students who are interested in science. In addition, the chapter considers the needs of students from groups who have traditionally done well in the sciences in the United States and attempts to assess how science reform might affect them.