bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic analysis of an induction motor with an unequal slot pitch cage rotor
Authors: Morimoto Mineyo , Morita Ikuro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent developments in induction motors have been moving forward reducing the size and weight of motors. At the same time, there are demands for much quieter operating conditions. Various design methods have been applied to reduce the vibration and acoustic noise of induction motors. One method is to make the slot pitches of the cage rotor unequal, to avoid the resonance with the natural frequencies of the stator frame. In this paper, our purpose is to create guidelines for reducing noise. As the first step for this purpose, we developed a method to analyze the voltage and torque equations of an induction motor with an unequal slot pitch cage rotor and discussed the characteristics from the analyzed currents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(2): 44–52, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10032
A method of mutual coupling effects of multi‐parallel routes in the presence of unbalanced faults
Authors: Tanaka Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe symmetrical method is even now one of the common theoretical approaches to simulating the faulted state of an electric power system, despite this method having major disadvantages, especially for unbalanced fault calculation on multi‐parallel routes due to the necessity of forming a complex equivalent zero‐sequence network. In order to protect the power system, including the multi‐parallel routes in it, from disturbance, a method that can solve the faulted state accurately and efficiently when a disturbance occurs on a multi‐parallel route is needed. From this point of view, this paper presents a newly developed fault calculation method which can easily incorporate the zero‐sequence mutual coupling effect among multi‐parallel routes without any topological changes of the symmetrical network. In the proposed method, the mutual coupling effect is treated as a voltage source inserted into each parallel branch to compensate the mutual coupling effects of other circuits. Since the voltage source can be equivalently expressed as the injection currents of the connected nodes, the faulted state can be calculated easily without topological changes of the zero‐sequence network. Numerical results for several relevant cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(2): 9–17, 2001
Pulse discharge characteristics of composite electrode systems
Authors: Sakamoto Naoki , Kuninaka Yoshito , Ueno Hideki , Nakayama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the discharge characteristics of a needle/dielectric composite electrode in N2 gas produced by a rectangular pulse voltage. Glass or ZnO was placed in contact with the needle for the needle–plane electrode configuration. In the case of glass in contact with the needle, the discharge voltage increased with increasing L (the distance from the tip of the needle to the dielectric). In the case of ZnO in contact with the needle, the discharge voltage increased with increasing L from 0 mm to 2 mm, but it gradually decreased with increasing L from 2 mm to 10 mm. It is considered that these differences in the discharge voltage characteristics originate from the corona extension process and discharge path. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(1): 1–8, 2001
Effects of shock wave on laser‐induced discharge under a nonuniform DC electric field
Authors: Ohsako Yasushi , Nagasawa Satoru , Cho Mengu , Hikita Masayuki , Takeno Hiromasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLaboratory experiments and numerical simulations have been carried out to study the mechanisms of laser‐induced discharge under a nonuniform DC electric field as a basic research for the laser‐induced lightning. Plasma was produced between a rod–plane electrode gap. The electron density was measured via the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The laser‐produced plasma channel serves as an extended rod electrode once the channel becomes a leader. The shock wave generated from the laser‐produced plasma has two effects. It produces a rarefied gas region in the gap, which further decreases the flashover voltage. On the other hand, stagnation at the surface of the rod electrode enhances the gas density and obstructs the leader formation. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(1): 9–16, 2001
The interior coil inference method with the logic parts attaching algorithm for automatic regeneration of sequential control programs
Authors: Ikeda Kazuhisa , Ikkai Yoshitomo , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor the replacement of old sequential controllers for plants by modern programmable controllers (PCs), we have developed the sequential control program automatic inductive regeneration (SPAIR) method and system from input–output signals and action specifications of a target controller. However, this method cannot regenerate the logic included in the interior coils. Therefore, we propose an efficient interior coil logic inference method for SPAIR using the Logic Parts Attaching Algorithm. In this method, the target logic of the interior coil is acquired by the selective attachment of logic parts. We confirmed its effectiveness through the application of the method to some original controllers including interior logic. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 137(1): 42–47, 2001
Calculation of frequency response of thyristor‐controlled series capacitor
Authors: Kakimoto Naoto , Phongphanphanee Anan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method of analytically calculating an impedance of a thyristor‐controlled series capacitor (TCSC). The TCSC consists of a thyristor‐controlled reactor (TCR) and a capacitor. If a small voltage component of frequency f superimposes the TCSC voltage of frequency fo, then current components of frequency (nfo ± f) flow through the TCR, where n takes even numbers. We derive theoretical equations for them. In the derivation, we consider an influence of odd harmonics in the TCSC voltage. We also consider deviations in its zero‐crossing times due to the superimposed voltage. The current components flow through the capacitor and the transmission line, and produce new voltage components of frequency (nfo ± f). In order to count their influence, we introduce admittance matrices for the TCR, the capacitor, and the transmission line. By solving a network equation consisting of the matrices, we can obtain the distribution of the voltage and current components. We define the impedance of TCSC as a ratio of the voltage component of frequency f to the current one of the same frequency. The impedance analytically obtained corresponds well with that obtained by simulations. Its frequency responses vary with the firing method of thyristors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(3): 35–44, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1158
Development of a distributed power outage scheduling system by using bee‐gent
Authors: Kawamura Takahiro , Hasegawa Tetsuo , Seki Toshifumi , Ohsuga Akihiko , Honiden Shin'ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Power Outage Scheduling Problem is a distributed constraint satisfaction problem in which scattered local power stations have to make schedules that are consistent with one another. However, synchronous backtrack algorithms, a well‐known method for distributed constraint satisfaction problems, have difficulty handling rapid schedule adjustments and impartial assignment of power station schedules. Thus, we propose two kinds of heuristics: parallel assignment and multiple priority strategies. We also developed a distributed system for the power outage scheduling problem which makes use of the above heuristics in order to ensure efficiency. The system is based on Bee‐gent (Bonding and Encapsulation Enhancement aGENT framework) and consists of schedulers for each power station and mediation agents which have cloning and merging functions to support the implementation of the heuristics. The result of the experiment shows an improvement when handling rapid adjustment and impartiality issues and indicates that this improvement is provided with reasonable computational overhead. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(3): 62–72, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1161
Implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) in Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, England and Wales. The tangible results
Authors: Kemp René 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe article analyses implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC in four member states (Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom) and the compliance responses made to the national policies in which the directive is implemented. National policy features heavily influenced compliance choices and the implementation of the directive, as did the characteristics of the water works that were in place. In Germany the directive accelerated improvement programmes but did not really alter them. In Spain it contributed to changes in the organizational structure and to the development of improvement programmes. In England and Wales it led to an alteration of compliance choices and national policies. In the Netherlands it did not have an impact for the simple reason that it did not require a revision in the wastewater treatment programmes. The article describes compliance choices and appraises them. We discovered several suboptimalities such as the building of expensive, capital‐intensive sewage treatment plants, the poor functioning of plants, and the singular focus on wastewater treatment (which were related to civil engineering preferences and national and EU funding arrangements). We also found that possibilities for flexibility in the directive were not well utilized, due to the poor mechanism of information exchange and absence of requirements to weigh the costs against benefits. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Perspectives on compliance: non‐compliance with environmental licences in the Netherlands
Authors: van Snellenberg Ton , van de Peppel Rob 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCompliance with environmental law is not self‐evident. In many instances enforcement of environmental regulations is a necessary means for achieving compliance. Assuming that an enforcement strategy, in order to be effective, has to fit the type of non‐compliance, we integrate six different theoretical perspectives on compliance in order to develop enforcement strategies that can deal with the variety of factors causing compliance. We illustrate our findings with a case of non‐compliance with Dutch environmental regulation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of thiola (N‐2‐mercaptopropionylglycine), a medicine used in the treatment of humans contaminated with mercury
Authors: Formigli Lia M. , Ferrari Iris , Grisolia Cesar K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn Brazil, environmental contamination by mercury occurs mainly as a result of gold mining activities, especially in the Amazon region. In this area, human contamination results mainly from consumption of fish. Treatment of current symptoms of acute or chronic mercury contamination is normally carried out by increasing its excretion through metal scavenger compounds. In Japan, human contamination by mercury, which causes Minamata disease, has been successfully treated by the metal scavenger thiola (N‐2 mercaptopropionylglycine). Its effects are based on its capacity to couple with the metal, facilitating its excretion. The possible clastogenic or anticlastogenic effect of thiola was evaluated by the in vivo micronucleus study in bone marrow erythrocytes of mice and also in human lymphocytes in vitro through chromosomal aberration analysis. In both experiments, different concentrations of thiola were used. Treatments with bleomycin (BLM), cyclophosphamide (CP), and also treatments combining these drugs with thiola were carried out with the purpose of studying the anticlastogenicity of thiola, considering its antioxidant properties. Thiola did not induce a significant increase in the micronucleus frequency in polychromatic erythrocytes of mice nor show any protective effect on the damage caused by bleomycin and cyclophosphamide in these cells. At a high dose, thiola showed a cytotoxic effect, significantly decreasing the relative proportion of polychromatic erythrocytes. In human lymphocytes, the tested drug did not increase the frequency of chromosomal aberration and also did not have any protective effect on the damage caused by BLM and CP. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:18–21, 2002 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagenic activity and mutational specificity of antiprotozoal drugs with and without nitrite treatment
Authors: Ono‐Ogata Tomoko , Ogino Tomoe , Nishikawa Michiko , Ohta Toshihiro , Yamagata Hideo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the mutagenic activities of six antiprotozoal drugs (three diaminopyrimidine compounds [pyrimethamine, diaveridine, and trimethoprim] and three 8‐aminoquinoline derivatives [primaquine, pentaquine, and pamaquine]) in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA/pKM101 and Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 with and without nitrite treatment. The diaminopyrimidine compounds showed no mutagenic activity under any condition in any strain. The 8‐aminoquinoline derivatives after nitrite treatment at 5–20 mM for 5 min at pH 3, on the contrary, showed clear mutagenicity in TA100 and WP2uvrA/pKM101 in the presence and absence of S9 mix. We concluded that 8‐aminoquinoline derivatives became mutagenic following nitrite treatment. In the Lac+ reversion assay with E. coli WP3101P–WP3106P, these nitrite‐treated compounds induced G:C → A:T transitions and G:C → T:A transversions in the absence of S9 mix. On the other hand, A:T → T:A transversions were induced only in the presence of S9 mix, suggesting a different kind of products may be responsible for the mutagenicity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:43–48, 2002 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of sodium arsenite on the genotoxicity of potassium dichromate and ethyl methanesulfonate: Studies with the wing spot test in Drosophila
Authors: Rizki Mostapha , Kossatz Elk , Xamena Noel , Creus Amadeu , Marcos Ricardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe wing spot test in Drosophila melanogaster was used to investigate the genotoxicity of arsenic and its effects on the action of two clearly genotoxic agents: potassium dichromate (PDC) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). This assay is based on the principle that the loss of heterozygosity of the suitable recessive markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare‐3 (flr3) can lead to the formation of mutant clones of larval cells, which are then expressed as spots on the wings of adult flies. These spots can be attributed to different genotoxic events: either mitotic recombination or mutation (deletion, point mutation, and specific types of translocation). Pretreatments and chronic cotreatments were comparatively used for combined treatments. From the results obtained it is evident that sodium arsenite (SA) does not increase the frequency of any of the three categories of spots recorded (small, large, and twin spots) at the concentrations tested. The effects of SA in combination with PDC, in both cotreatments and pretreatments, indicate that SA almost suppressed the clones induced by PDC. Nevertheless, no effects of arsenic were observed with respect to the pre‐ and cotreatments with EMS. Thus, SA does not modify the frequencies of mutant clones induced by EMS. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:49–54, 2002 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of pharmacogenetics on medicine
Authors: Weber Wendell W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPharmacogenetics is moving rapidly to assemble a large set of polymorphisms that define the influence of genetic diversity on human drug response. Scientific and technological advances of the last 10 years have led to new approaches to the discovery of genetic drug susceptibility loci, the development of high‐tech analytical strategies for drug susceptibility profiling, and a flood of new gene discoveries in the area of receptors and receptor polymorphisms. Extension and refinement of our knowledge of human genetic diversity is essential to the use of drugs in more of an individualized manner and to the discovery of better therapies, but knowledge of the functional consequences of this diversity, the next great challenge in pharmacogenetics, provides the best chance to profit from this diversity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:179–184,2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant human P450 forms 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 catalyze the bioactivation of heterocyclic amine mutagens in Escherichia coli lacZ strains
Authors: Josephy P. David , Batty Sarah M. , Boverhof Darrell R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree recombinant human P450 enzymes, forms 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1, were coexpressed with NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase in an E. coli lacZ strain suitable for detection of the mutagenicity of heterocyclic and aromatic amines. The resulting strains expressed the recombinant P450 holoenzymes at high levels. MeIQ (2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline) was activated effectively by P450 1A2, weakly by P450 1A1, and not detectably by P450 1B1. MeIQx (2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline) and Trp‐P‐2 (3‐amino‐1‐methyl‐5H‐pyrido[4,3‐b]indole) were activated by all three enzymes, with form 1A2 the most effective. These strains facilitate analysis of the substrate specificity of human P450 forms that participate in the metabolic activation of carcinogens. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:12–18, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The estimation of biological population size at large scale by incomplete area surveys and replicated counts
Authors: Pisani C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA two‐stage estimation of biological population abundance is considered at large scale. In the first stage some area units are selected using without‐replacement sampling, while in the second stage the estimation of abundance in each selected unit is performed through a suitable counting strategy. In order to account for the variability due to varying sizes, the use of unit size as an auxiliary variable is proposed at the design level by handling the inclusion probabilities of the units, at the estimation level by combining the single abundance estimates as in the ratio and regression criteria, or at both levels. The results of an artificial comparison suggest the joint use of simple random sampling and ratio criterion. The asymptotic properties of the resulting estimator are derived when the estimation of abundances at the second stage is performed through the replicated use of the counting strategy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proportioning earthquake‐resistant RC frames in central/eastern U.S.
Authors: Browning JoAnn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA maximum allowable period criterion is used to determine reasonable stiffness requirements for reinforced concrete frames with the seismicity associated with central and eastern U.S. A general relationship is developed to describe the displacement demand expected for central and eastern U.S. based on a survey of available ground motions, opinions of seismologists, and code‐based provisions. A series of hypothetical reinforced concrete frames is proportioned using a maximum allowable period criterion and evaluated for expected maximum displacement response using non‐linear dynamic analyses and a suite of ground motions. Results indicate that for the reinforced concrete structural systems considered in the study, proportioning for gravity loads will provide sufficient stiffness in central and eastern U.S. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pounding of structures modelled as non‐linear impacts of two oscillators
Authors: Chau K. T. , Wei X. X. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new formulation is proposed to model pounding between two adjacent structures, with natural periods T1 and T2 and damping ratios ζ1 and ζ2 under harmonic earthquake excitation, as non‐linear Hertzian impact between two single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators. For the case of rigid impacts, a special case of our analytical solution has been given by Davis (‘Pounding of buildings modelled by an impact oscillator’ Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1992; 21:253–274) for an oscillator pounding on a stationary barrier. Our analytical predictions for rigid impacts agree qualitatively with our numerical simulations for non‐rigid impacts. When the difference in natural periods between the two oscillators increases, the impact velocity also increases drastically. The impact velocity spectrum is, however, relatively insensitive to the standoff distance. The maximum relative impact velocity of the coupled system can occur at an excitation period Tn* which is either between those of the two oscillators or less than both of them, depending on the ratios T1/T2 and ζ1/ζ2. Although the pounding force between two oscillators has been primarily modelled by the Hertz contact law, parametric studies show that the maximum relative impact velocity is not very sensitive to changes in the contact parameters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shaking table tests of 1:4 reduced‐scale models of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame buildings
Authors: Žarnić Roko , Gostič Samo , Crewe Adam J. , Taylor Colin A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo models of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame buildings were tested at the shaking table. Models were built in the reduced scale 1:4 using the materials produced in accordance to modelling demands of true replica modelling technique. The first model represented a one‐storey box‐like building and the second one the two‐stories building with plan shaped in the form of a letter H. Models were shaken with the series of horizontal sine dwell motions with gradually increasing amplitude. Masonry infills of tested models were constructed of relatively strong bricks laid in weak mortar. Therefore, typical cracks developed and propagated along mortar beds without cracking of bricks or crushing of infill corners. Data collected from tests will be used in future evaluation, verification and development of computational models for prediction of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane behaviour of masonry infills. The responses of tested models can be well compared with global behaviour of real structures using the modelling rules. The similarity of local behaviour of structural elements, e.g. reinforced concrete joints, is less reliable due to limitations in modelling of steel reinforcement properties. The model responses showed that buildings designed according to Eurocodes are able to sustain relatively high dynamic excitations due to a significant level of structural overstrength. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.