bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-stage exchange shoulder arthroplasty for peri-prosthetic infection
Authors: Ince A. , Seemann K. , Frommelt L. , Katzer A. , Loehr J. F. 
Published: May 2005

There are few reports in the literature of the diagnosis and treatment of the infected shoulder arthroplasty. Most deal with resection arthroplasty and two-stage exchange surgery. We present our results of one-stage exchange operation as treatment for the infected shoulder arthroplasty. Our group comprised 16 patients (ten men, six women) with 16 infected arthroplasties. By the time of follow-up, two patients had died (mean 5.8 years), two could not be located and three had already undergone revision surgery. Nine patients were thus available for clinical examination and assessment. The infections were largely caused by staphylococci, Propionibacterium species and streptococci. Two were early infections (within three months of surgery) and 14 were late infections. The mean follow-up was 5.8 years (13 months to 13.25 years) when the mean Constant-Murley score was 33.6 points and the mean University College of Los Angeles score 18.3 points. Further revision was performed in three patients. One sustained a peri-prosthetic humeral fracture, another developed an acromial pseudarthrosis after transacromial surgery and the third suffered recurrent dislocations. No patient had a recurrence of infection. A one-stage exchange procedure using antibiotic-loaded bone cement eradicated infection in all our patients and we suggest that such a procedure is at least as successful as either a resection arthroplasty or a two-stage exchange in the management of the infected shoulder arthroplasty.
En-bloc resection, extracorporeal irradiation, and re-implantation in limb salvage for bony malignancies
Authors: Davidson A. W. , Hong A. , McCarthy S. W. , Stalley P. D. 
Published: May 2005

We treated 50 patients with bony malignancy by en-bloc resection, extracorporeal irradiation with 50 Gy and re-implantation of the bone segment. The mean survivor follow-up was 38 months (12 to 92) when 42 patients were alive and without disease. There were four recurrences. The functional results were good according to the Mankin score (17 excellent, 13 good, nine fair, three failures), the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score (mean 77) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage score (mean 81). There was solid union, but bone resorption was seen in some cases. The dose of radiation was lethal to all cells and produced a dead autograft of perfect fit. Extracorporeal irradiation is a useful technique for limb salvage when there is reasonable residual bone stock. It allows effective re-attachment of tendons and produces a lasting biological reconstruction. There should be no risk of local recurrence or of radiotherapy-induced malignancy in the replanted bone.
Fragility fractures of the ankle
Authors: Lemon M. , Somayaji H. S. , Khaleel A. , Elliott D. S. 
Published: May 2005

Fragility fractures of the ankle occur mainly in elderly osteoporotic women. They are inherently unstable and difficult to manage. There is a high incidence of complications with both non-operative and operative treatment. We treated 12 such fractures by closed reduction and stabilisation using a retrograde calcaneotalotibial expandable nail. The mean age of patients was 84 years (75 to 95). All were women and were able to walk fully weight-bearing after surgery. There were no wound complications. One patient died from a myocardial infarction 24 days after surgery. The 11 other patients were followed up for a mean of 67 weeks (39 to 104). All the fractures maintained satisfactory alignment and healed without delay. Six patients refused removal of the nail after union of the fracture. The functional rating using the scale of Olerud and Molander gave a mean score at follow-up of 61, compared with a pre-injury value of 70.
On the correlation of binary sequences
Authors: Gyarmati Katalin 
Published: May 2005

C. Mauduit conjectured that C2(E)CN3(EN) ?? Nc always holds with some constant 1/2< c = 1. This will be proved for c=2/3, more exactly if for a sequence EN =C {-1,+1}N we have C2 (EN) << N2/3 then C3 (EN) ?? N1/2. Indeed, a more general theorem is proved, involving correlation measures.
A note on the fractional calculus in Banach spaces
Authors: Salem Hussein A. H. , El-Sayed A. M. A. , Moustafa O. L. 
Published: May 2005

O'Regan fixed point theorem is used to establish an existence result for the fractional order integral equation x(t) = g(t)+ ?Iaf(.,x(.))(t), t?[0,1], a ? 0, where the vector-valued functionf is nonlinear weakly-weakly continuous. Moreover, existence of weak solutions to the Cauchy problem dx/dt = f(t, x (t)), t ? [0,1], x(0) = x0, is obtained as a corollary.
On the approximation of quadratic algebraic numbers
Authors: H.-Molnár Sándor 
Published: May 2005

In the paper we construct such second order linear recursive sequences G and H of rational integers that with their terms |a -Gn+1 /H n| < 1/ (\sqrtvDH2n) holds for every positive integer n, where a denotes a real quadratic algebraic integer of discriminant D. An approximating sequence of the form Gn+1 /Hn is also given for a if it is only a real quadratic algebraic number (not an algebraic integer), but in this case the approximating constant is not the best.
A method to find the best bounds in a multivariate discrete moment problem if the basis structure is given
Authors: Mádi-Nagy Gergely 
Published: May 2005

The multivariate discrete moment problem (MDMP) is to find the minimum and/or maximum of the expected value of a function of a random vector which has a discrete finite support. The probability distribution is unknown, but some of the moments are given. The MDMP has been initiated by Prékopa who developed a linear rogramming methodology to solve it. The central results in this respect concern the structure of the dual feasible bases. These bases provide us with bounds without any numerical difficulty (which is arising in the usual solution methods). In this paper we shortly summarize the properties of the above mentioned basis structures, and then we show a new method which allows us to get the basis corresponding to the best bound out of the known structures by optimizing independently on each variable. We illustrate the efficiency of this method by numerical examples.
Assaying Aspects of Attention and Impulse Control in Mice Using the 5‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task
Authors: Humby Trevor , Wilkinson Lawrence , Dawson Gerry 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFirst developed in the 1980s by Trevor Robbins in Cambridge to investigate attentional function in rats, the 5‐choice serial reaction time task involves continuous scanning by the subject across a spatial array of visual stimuli. On detecting a brief stimulus at one of five locations, the subject must make a nose poke in order to collect a reward. The task has also been conducted successfully in several strains of mice, including transgenic models. This unit presents the procedures required to run the task in mice, outlining the expected results at each stage of training and presenting examples of the most common manipulations used to dissociate behavior further.
Chemoconvulsant Model of Chronic Spontaneous Seizures
Authors: Hellier Jennifer L. , Dudek F. Edward 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAnimal models of injury‐induced epilepsy may provide insight into the mechanisms of acquired epilepsy. Previous animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) were produced by acute treatments that often have high mortality rates and/or are associated with a low proportion of animals developing spontaneous, chronic motor seizures. In this unit, a protocol is provided for inducing chronic epilepsy in rats using multiple, low‐dose, intraperitoneal injections of an excitotoxic agent, kainic acid. This protocol reliably induces TLE in nearly all treated rats (97% had at least two observed spontaneous motor seizures) with a relatively low mortality rate (<15%). This modified chemoconvulsant treatment protocol (i.e., multiple low doses) is efficient and relatively simple, and the properties of the chronic epileptic state appear similar to those of severe human TLE.
Rule Out (R/O) Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Conrad L. Kirkland , Thibodeau Steven , Grant Ellen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWhen imaging patients for intracranial arteriovenous malformations, the goals are: (1) to determine if an arteriovenous malformation is present; (2) to assess size, shape, and location of the nidus; (3) to determine potential arterial feeders and venous drainage routes (including screening for aneurysms on arterial feeders); and (4) to determine the state of the surrounding brain parenchyma, including the identification of intracranial hemorrhage. A post‐contrast 3‐D spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequence is used for sequences 1 to 3. Standard MR imaging sequences are used to evaluate the brain parenchyma. The protocol contained within this unit can be used for the evaluation of stable patients. In order to perform the optional sequences with perfusion and diffusion studies, a scanner with echoplanar capabilities is required; however, the standard anatomical MR imaging sequences included in the protocols do not require these faster gradients.
Preparation, Culture, and Immortalization of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
Authors: Xu Jianming 
Published: May 2005

AbstractGenetically manipulated transgenic and gene‐targeted mouse models are indispensible tools used in defining the role of genes in development and organ function. Similarly, cells isolated from these mice bear the same genetic alterations and therefore can be extremely useful for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms and regulatory gene networks involving the mutated gene under well defined culture conditions. In this unit, detailed protocols regarding isolation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from mouse embryos, culture of MEFs, and immortalization of MEFs are described. These protocols should be particularly useful to those investigators who intend to establish primarily cultured MEFs and to immortalize primary MEFs into stable cell cultures with a permanent growth feature from wild‐type and mutant mouse embryos.
Isolation and Immortalization of Lymphocytes
Authors: Ling Paul D. , Huls Helen M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRecent advances in Genomics and Proteomics have necessitated a constant supply of DNA derived from specific genotypes. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) are of great practical value as an unlimited source of stable genomic DNA and viable cells, which can be used to perform a variety of biochemical and molecular studies. LCLs are typically generated by infection of primary lymphocytes with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). In this unit, we describe simple procedures for production of EBV, isolation of lymphocytes, EBV infection of lymphocytes, and isolation of the resulting LCLs.
Metaphase Chromosome Preparation from Cultured Peripheral Blood Cells
Authors: Bangs Charles D. , Donlon Timothy A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractChromosome preparations currently provide the only direct view of the genome as a whole. Although molecular methods allow a more detailed analysis of specific regions of the genome, the study of genetics is not complete without an appreciation of the metaphase cell. The stimulated T cell system described in this unit is the most widely used means of obtaining large numbers of mitotic cells for genetic analyses. Synchronization of the cell cycle in culture is described, combined with direct inhibition of chromosome condensation, to yield longer high‐resolution prophase or prometaphase preparations. Such preparations are used for detailed analysis of microdeletions or subtle rearrangements, fine breakpoint analysis, and refined mapping. Microscope slide preparation of mitotic chromosomes from harvested cell culture suspensions is also explained in the support protocol.
ZAP‐70 Staining in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Villamor Neus 
Published: May 2005

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common chronic leukemia in Western countries. The disease has an extremely variable clinical course, and several prognostic features have been identified to assess individual risk. The configuration of the immunoglobulin variable heavy‐chain gene (IgVH) is a strong predictor of the outcome. CLL patients with unmutated IgVH status have an aggressive clinical course and a short survival. Unfortunately, analysis of IgVH gene configuration is not available in most clinical laboratories. A small number of genes are differentially expressed between unmutated IgVH and mutated IgVH clinical forms of CLL. One of these genes is ZAP‐70, which is detected in leukemic cells from patients with the unmutated IgVH form of CLL. Flow cytometry presents advantages over other methods to detect ZAP‐70, and its quantification by flow cytometry has proved its predictive value. This unit focuses on protocols to quantify ZAP‐70 by flow cytometry in CLL.
Three‐Dimensional Visualization of Blood and Lymphatic Vasculature in Tissue Whole Mounts Using Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Eichten Alexandra , Jennifer Shen H.‐C. , Coussens Lisa M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo vascular systems, cardiovascular and lymphatic, maintain appropriate interstitial and intravascular fluid volume in the body. Each is endowed with innate physiologic response capabilities activated upon tissue or organ “damage.” Chronic activation following pathologic assault, however, can contribute to pathogenesis. Three‐dimensional visualization of vasculature in whole tissues using confocal microscopy is a valuable tool for examining cellular and architectural changes accompanying altered vascular function. The relative affinities of plant lectins for carbohydrate moieties present on luminal surfaces of endothelial cells can be used to characterize endothelium in distinctive physiologic and pathologic states. Perivascular cells that wrap around blood endothelial cells can be visualized using antibodies immunoreactive with α‐smooth muscle actin. Similarly, lymphatic endothelial cells can be detected by antibodies immunoreactive to the hyaluronan receptor LYVE‐1. Together, these approaches allow functional and morphological analysis of blood vasculature distinct from endothelial cells within the lymphatic vascular network and surrounding support cells.
Cover Picture: Microscopic Evidence for Spatially Inhomogeneous Charge Trapping in Pentacene (Adv. Mater. 11/2005)
Authors: Muller E. M. , Marohn J. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTrapped charge has been observed in polycrystalline pentacene films by electric force microscopy in work reported by Muller and Marohn on p. 1410. The cover shows an optical fiber watching the motion of a metal‐coated cantilever hovering over a polycrystalline pentacene film. The film occupies the 6.5  μm gap in a working field‐effect transistor. Trapped charge (dark blue and black areas in the pentacene) appears as large patches randomly distributed throughout the device, implying that long‐lived traps in polycrystalline pentacene are not correlated with grain boundaries.
Inside Front Cover: Polarized‐Light‐Emitting Quantum‐Rod Diodes (Adv. Mater. 11/2005)
Authors: Hikmet R. A. M. , Chin P. T. K. , Talapin D. V. , Weller H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPolarized‐light‐emitting quantum‐rod diodes have been successfully produced using thin layers of quantum rods oriented by a rubbing technique, as shown on the inside cover. Hikmet and co‐workers report on p. 1436 that diode emission at 620 nm with a luminance efficiency of 0.65 cd A–1 and an external quantum efficiency of 0.49 % is obtained. Light emitted polarized parallel to the long axis of the rods is 1.5 times more intense than that polarized perpendicular to the rods.
Thermal behavior and morphology of polycaproamide (PCA)/cationic dyeable polycaproamide (CD‐PCA) polyblended filaments
Authors: Hsiao Keven , Jue Zhi‐Feng , Tsen Wen‐Chin , Shu Yao‐Chi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPolycaproamide (PCA) polymer and cationic dyeable polycaproamide (CD‐PCA) polymer were blended mechanically in the proportions of 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 in a melt twin‐screw extruder to prepare three PCA/CD‐PCA polyblended polymers. Blends of PCA and CD‐PCA were spun into filaments. The molar ratio of 5‐sodium sulfonate dimethyl isophthalate (5‐SSDMI) for CD‐PCA polymer was 1.99%. This study investigated the physical properties of PCA/CD‐PCA polyblended filaments using gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography (GC), potentiometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the density gradient method, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), extension stress‐strain measurement, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Flow behavior of PCA/CD‐PCA polyblends exhibited positive‐deviation blends (PDB), and the 50/50 blend of PCA/CD‐PCA showed a maximum value of the melt viscosity. Experimental results of the DSC indicated PCA and CD‐PCA molecules easily formed miscible domains. The crystallinities of PCA/CD‐PCA polyblended filaments decreased as the 5‐SSDMI content increased. Tenacities/densities of PCA/CD‐PCA polyblended filaments were also found to decline as the 5‐SSDMI content increased. The surface of PCA/CD‐PCA polyblended filament exhibited a uniform morphology from the SEM data. PCA and CD‐PCA polymers were proved to be a compatible system. The weight loss percentages of the PCA/CD‐PCA polyblended filaments increased as the 5‐SSDMI content increased in aqueous NaOH solution. The porous morphology of a larger size from 0.01 to 2 μm in diameter was observed after alkali treatment of PCA/CD‐PCA polyblended filament. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1220–1226, 2005
Multiscale morphological analysis of commingled PP/unidirectional glass fiber composites: Experiment and theory
Authors: Dubouloz‐Monnet F. , Mélé P. , Albérola N. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractQuantitative 2D image processing has been performed to assess the morphology of commingled polypropylene composites reinforced by a range of glass fiber contents. Quantitative morphological probes, derived from both local and global analyses, point out the heterogeneous dispersion of unidirectional fibers within the polymer matrix, i.e., the presence of aggregates. It is found that more than 86% of fibers are packed into aggregates at a maximum packing fraction of 0.84 whatever the filler content. Moreover, accounting for these morphological characteristics and based on the percolation concept, prediction of the morphology behavior of such composites is proposed. A good agreement between theory and experiment is found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1038–1050, 2005
Rheological behavior of polymer melts with natural fibers
Authors: Steller Ryszard T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFlow behavior of polymer liquids filled with short fibers (particulate fillers) was theoretically analyzed from the point of view of the free volume theory. Assuming that the filler addition changes the occupied volume, while the temperature variations cause mainly the free volume changes, a general expression describing the viscosity of the system as a function of the filter content, temperature variations, and rheological properties of the pure polymer liquid was derived. If the viscosity curve of the unfilled polymer is described by the Carreau equation, the corresponding viscosity curve of the filled polymer is also represented by an equation of Carreau type. However, this equation has other values of Newtonian viscosity and the power exponent in comparison with the initial equation. Both parameters depend on the filler content and temperature. The derived equation predicts a viscosity rise and a stronger non‐Newtonian behavior of the system with increasing filler content. The temperature rise exerts an opposite effect on the rheological behavior. The theoretical predictions are in good accordance with viscosity measurements for low‐density polyethylene and polystyrene melts filled with short cotton, flax, and hemp fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1401–1409, 2005
Evaluation of Alfa grass soda lignin as a filler for novolak molding powder
Authors: Hattali Samir , Benaboura Ahmed , Dumarçay Stéphane , Gérardin Philippe 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBehavior of Alpha grass soda lignin was investigated for the preparation of novolak molding powders. Thermal analysis of the different investigated formulations indicated that molding powders prepared from Alpha grass soda lignin were more resistant to thermal degradation compared to a standard formulation prepared from wood flour. Limiting oxygen index determined for the different composites confirmed the higher thermal stability of Alpha grass soda lignin composites. Mechanical properties tested either from Shore hardness tests or from impact strength measurements revealed a slight decrease of mechanical properties for composites prepared from Alpha grass soda lignin. All these results showed the possibility to replace imported wood flours by locally available Alpha grass soda lignin to obtain phenolic composites with quite similar properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1065–1068, 2005
Antimicrobial finishing of acrilan fabrics with cetylpyridinium chloride: Affected properties and structures
Authors: Cai Zaisheng , Sun Gang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDurable antimicrobial acrilan fabrics were prepared by using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in a chemical finishing process. The CPC could form ionic interactions with anionic groups on acrilan fibers, which contribute to durable antimicrobial functions. Reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, and time of the chemical treatment affected exhaustion of CPC and antimicrobial properties. However, the pH conditions of the finishing bath also impacted mechanical properties and color of the fabrics, particularly under alkaline conditions. Although a more alkaline condition is preferred for durable antimicrobial functions, high pH reduces tensile strength and results in yellowing of acrilan fibers. The yellowing of the acrilan fibers is caused by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrle groups and induced formation of conjugated CN systems in the polymers. The conjugated systems were characterized by FTIR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1227–1236, 2005
Proton‐exchange membranes via the grafting of styrene and acrylic acid onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer by a preirradiation technique. III. Thermal and mechanical properties of the membranes and their sulfonated derivatives
Authors: Phadnis S. , Patri M. , Chandrasekhar L. , Deb P. C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPolymer electrolyte membranes were prepared via the grafting of styrene and acrylic acid onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer with a preirradiation technique and subsequent sulfonation. The thermal and mechanical properties of the grafted membranes and their sulfonated derivatives were dependent on the degree of grafting. The grafted membranes showed a two‐step degradation pattern, whereas their sulfonated derivatives showed a three‐step degradation pattern. The glass‐transition temperature and crystallinity percentage of the membranes were determined with differential scanning calorimetry. With an increase in the degree of grafting and sulfonation, the glass‐transition temperature increased, whereas the crystallinity percentage decreased. The tensile strength and elongation decreased with the degree of grafting and sulfonation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1418–1425, 2005