bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chemical Treatment and Wrapping Materials on Physico-Chemical Properties and Storage Life of Litchi Fruits (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Cv. Shahi
Authors: Singh A. K. , Kumari Ranju , Tiwari Divya , Azmi N. Y. , Singh J. N. 
Published: January 2024

Litchi fruits have poor shelf life and losses its commercial value within two days after harvest. Several physiological and chemical changes take place which reduces the quality of fruits at room temperature. To overcome these problems, the experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, BHU, Varanasi to find out the effect of post-harvest application of hot water treatment and dipping in different concentrations of calcium nitrate (1 %, 1.5% and 2 %) for five minutes followed by fruit wrapping in newspaper and perforated polythene on physico-chemical changes and storage life of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Shahi. Fruits without treatment were considered as control. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications and observations were recorded on alternate days up to 13 days of storage. It was observed that fruits treated with 2.0% calcium nitrate in combination with perforated polythene bags recorded minimum losses due to spoilage percentage (12.15%), minimum decrease in fruit size (length- 4.97% and breadth- 5.49%) as compared to control on 11th day of storage. Significantly minimum pH (5.1) change and the best economic life up to 11th day of storage were recorded in perforated polythene wrapping with different concentration of calcium nitrate. Total Sugar Content (17.00%) was recorded significantly highest in polythene wrapping along with 1.5 and 2.0% calcium nitrate. Less loss in volume (17.58%) was recorded in fruits treated with hot water along with polythene wrapping. Based on the above observations, it can be suggested that fruit dipping in calcium nitrate at 2.0 percent concentration with polythene wrapping (20% vent) gives better results for extending the storage life of litchi fruit at room temperature.
Integrated System for Accurate Electrical Measurement Monitoring
Authors: Muchtar Taufik , Utami Atikah Tri Budi , Lutfi  , Gani Hamdan 
Published: January 2024

Aims: This study aims to develop an integrated system for accurate electrical measurement monitoring.
Study Design: The acquisition embedded system is developed using research and development study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Machinery Automation System, Polytechnic ATI. Makassar, Indonesia, between March 2021 and October 2021.
Methodology: The performance of the proposed integrated acquisition embedded system and conventional measurement is compared through different testing.
Results: The results showed that the device worked as expected and was right on target. The device test error is compared with direct measurement with the measuring instrument; the voltage error is 0.17%, the current error is 0.46%, the power error is 0.89%, and the frequency error is 0.01%. System devices can measure and monitor several electricity measurements.
Conclusion: The experimental results show that the system can function correctly. The integrated acquisition system can operate with great accuracy. This study is expected to contribute to establishing a system that will benefit the government's efforts to preserve energy efficiency.
Fetal hypertension: an insight into the pathogenesis of the twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Mahieu‐Caputo D. , Salomon L. J. , Le Bidois J. , Fermont L. , Brunhes A. , Jouvet P. , Dumez Y. , Dommergues M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate if systemic hypertension occurs in fetuses with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study in a tertiary care centre in 23 pregnant women with TTTS. Polyhydramnios stuck twin sequence occurred at a median gestational age of 22 weeks (range 15–27). Biventricular myocardial hypertrophy was diagnosed in 22/23 recipient fetuses. In cases with atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVR), it was possible to estimate the fetal systolic systemic blood pressure by ultrasound, on the basis of the simplified Bernouilli equation. The diagnosis of fetal hypertension (FHT) was made when the estimated systolic arterial pressure was equal to or above 1.6‐fold the expected value.ResultsIn 10 pregnancies (group A), fetal blood pressure could be assessed in recipients with AVR. The maximum velocities ranged from 2.9 to 5 m/s, leading to estimates of systemic fetal arterial pressure from 37 to 104 mmHg, that is, 1.6‐ to 2.8‐fold the expected values. In 13 pregnancies (group B), fetal blood pressure could not be assessed in the absence of AVR. In group A, perinatal death (16/20) and hydrops (7/20) were significantly more frequent than in group B (8/26 and 1/26 respectively).ConclusionFetal systemic hypertension may occur in recipient twins and could play a role in the pathophysiology of TTTS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative‐fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) for the detection of aneuploidies in single blastomeres
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Ikuta Katsuo , Sherlock Jon , Adinolfi Matteo , Suzumori Kaoru 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of our investigation was to compare the efficiencies of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the quantitative‐fluorescent PCR (QF‐PCR) methods for the detection of sexing and numerical chromosome disorders in single blastomeres collected from the same preimplantation human embryos.MethodsFISH analysis was carried out on 145 blastomeres from the 79 surplus embryos with probes specific for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. QF‐PCR was performed with each one or two of the primers specific for the same chromosomes on 151 blastomeres from the same embryos obtained from patients undergoing IVF treatment.ResultsAnalyses were possible on 135 blastomeres (93%) by FISH and on 117 blastomeres (77%) by QF‐PCR. Of 65 embryos, which could be analyzed by both methods, 20 embryos (31%) were diagnosed as abnormal.ConclusionThe present study shows that FISH tests are more accurate than QF‐PCR assays for the detection of numerical chromosome disorders when performed on single blastomeres. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of thioanisole by hydrogen peroxide: activation by nitriles
Authors: Gillitt Nicholas D. , Domingos Josiel , Bunton Clifford A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe oxidation of thioanisole (PhSMe) by H2O2 is activated by acetonitrile (MeCN) and propionitrile (EtCN) and involves the formation of a transient peroxyimidate, 1, by reaction of $\rm{HO}_2^-$ and RCN, and 1 can be rapidly trapped by PhSMe. The rate of oxidation of PhSMe is then independent of the concentrations of PhSMe and of H2O2, but varies linearly with $\rm{HO}_2^-$ and [RCN]. In very dilute PhSMe it and H2O2 compete in reacting with 1, and the rate then depends on [PhSMe]. The initial reaction gives PhSOMe, and subsequent formation of PhSO2Me is slow. The rates of oxidation are slightly higher than that expected from the MeCN‐activated decomposition of H2O2, which involves a second molecule of H2O2 in conversion of the peroxyimidate into amide and oxygen. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive reinforcement training to elicit voluntary movement of two giant pandas throughout their enclosure
Authors: Bloomsmith M.A. , Jones M.L. , Snyder R.J. , Singer R.A. , Gardner W.A. , Liu S.C. , Maple T.L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThere is a great deal of interest in applying positive reinforcement training to improve the care and management of captive animals. The purpose of the present study was to test the usefulness of positive reinforcement training in managing the “shifting” behavior of two, young giant pandas. This report describes the steps in the training process, the amount of personnel time required, compliance by the pandas and a brief analysis of contextual factors affecting their perfomance. Positive reinforcement training techniques successfully increased the pandas' level of compliance during times of day when they were not routinely asked to move through doorways. During the last 15 training sessions in the seven months that were evaluated for this study, the compliance of each of the two pandas was 87% during routine times and 89% during non‐routine times. Each panda was typically trained during three or four sessions per week, and the mean session duration was 12 minutes; trainers spent a mean of 46 minutes per panda per week on training this behavior. An analysis of the effects of context (on‐going activities at the time a command to shift was given) indicated that most of the time (66%), even when there was a potentially distracting activity taking place, the pandas still responded to the first or second command given. As a wider range of animal species is being trained in zoo settings, unique challenges need to be considered when designing training progams for each of them. Zoo Biol 22:323–334; 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bayesian Inference Under Partial Prior Information
Authors: Moreno Elias , Bertolino Francesco , Racugno Walter 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPartial prior information on the marginal distribution of an observable random variable is considered. When this information is incorporated into the statistical analysis of an assumed parametric model, the posterior inference is typically non‐robust so that no inferential conclusion is obtained. To overcome this difficulty a method based on the standard default prior associated to the model and an intrinsic procedure is proposed. Posterior robustness of the resulting inferences is analysed and some illustrative examples are provided.
GASB's Survival Potential: An Agency Theory Perspective
Authors: Gordon Lawrence A. , Hamer Michelle 
Published: August 2003

The primary objective of this article is to develop a framework for examining the survival or demise of an accounting standards setting body, with specific emphasis on analyzing the survival potential of the proposed GASB (Government Accounting Standards Board). In meeting this objective, we will first contrast the survival of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with the demise of the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASE), based on a framework derived from recent developments in agency theory.The position taken in this article is neither that of an advocate nor an adversary of the various accounting regulatory bodies discussed. Instead, the authors' intent is to shed light on the complex issues surrounding the potential for survival of such bodies. An improved understanding of these issues should, in turn, permit a more enlightened analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of such bodies.
Acquired jejuno‐ileal diverticular disease: a diagnostic and management challenge
Authors: El‐Haddawi Falah , Civil Ian D. 
Published: August 2003

Background:  Acquired jejuno‐ileal diverticular disease (JID), a result of abnormalities in the smooth muscle or myenteric plexus of the small bowel, is less rare than was once believed. Approximately 1.3% of the population has JID, of whom approximately 10% present with life‐threatening complications such as inflammation, perforation, bleeding, obstruction and malabsorption. Jejuno‐ileal diverticular disease can be diagnostically and therapeutically challenging, and complications are often diagnosed only at laparotomy, while the best management is not agreed on in the literature. To increase the awareness of this condition and its complications, the Auckland Hospital's experience of JID was reviewed.Methods:  Retrospective review was carried out of the audit data and the discharge coding records of Auckland Public Hospital for the 5 year period leading to November 2001.Results:  Nine cases with a variety of presentations were found. Those cases are described and a literature review of JID is provided.Conclusion:  Jejuno‐ileal diverticular disease should be included in the differential diagnosis when dealing with surgical emergencies in the elderly presenting with features of bowel perforation, obstruction or bleeding.
Asking Fathers and Employers to Volunteer: A (De)Tour of Reconciliation Policy in Germany?1
Authors: VOGT ANDREA , ZWINGEL SUSANNE 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn Germany, up until recently, the combination of weak antidiscrimination laws and the rationale of family benefits had sustained the male breadwinner–female family caretaker model as the norm in social policy arrangements and gender relations. In the context of the unification of East and West Germany and the change in government to a left‐wing coalition in the late 1990s, the biases of this deeply entrenched model have been significantly put into question. After providing a brief description of the German welfare state context, the article presents the development of reconciliation policies in two parts. First, the measures taken by the Christian Democrat/Liberal governments in the 1980s and 1990s are critically summarized. Second, we examine new steps taken by the Social Democrat/Green governments since 1998 and discuss the possible impact of the new approach on reconciliation policy. In this context, we also consider reconciliation policies at the firm level, an object of recent government attention. The article concludes with some further reflections on a gender‐balanced future between work and family obligations in the German context.
Staying Cool When Dry: Worms surmount desertlike assault (Stress resistance)
Authors: Davenport R. John 
Published: August 2003

Even a camel can't match this trick for surviving extreme drought. The minute nematode
Aphelenchus avenae
can lose nearly all its body water, then rebound years later to its slippery self when conditions moisten. New work uncovers several genes that might contribute to this creature's antidesiccation powers. Understanding its resilience could give researchers insight into how living things handle the more modest but related stresses of aging.

A. avenae
and other anhydrobiotic plants and animals--creatures that can live without water--produce large amounts (up to 20% of a cell's mass) of certain sugar molecules that harden into a semisolid state. Molecules enmeshed in this gel are locked into place, which freezes the random chemical movements that normally cause them to deteriorate. The sugars contain many polar chemical groups, which substitute for water and stabilize cellular proteins and membranes until the parched period is over. Recent studies have suggested that numerous genes, in addition to those involved in sugar synthesis, are required for plants to survive extreme dehydration.

Now researchers have found that at least one of these genes also functions in the nematode. Browne and colleagues dried out
A. avenae
individuals and sought genes that ramp up in response. One of the several they identified resembles a plant gene called
LEA
that's also turned on by desiccation. The results raise the possibility that nematodes and plants use some of the same equipment to fight drought. Researchers don't know how these pieces of molecular machinery prevent living things from withering, but previous work in plants suggests that the genes produce ultrastable proteins that help form the protective sugar mesh.

Many mutations and treatments that extend life-span in model organisms also enhance the ability to withstand harsh conditions (see
"Survivor!"
). For instance, the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
can enter a semidormant state known as a dauer to wait out hard times. Animals that carry certain mutations in genes required for dauer formation live much longer than normal worms do and are more resistant to heat and damaging chemicals.
C. elegans
does not possess the same ability to survive without water as
A. avenae
does, and the two species are only distantly related. But
C. elegans
also harbors a gene similar to
LEA
, according to co-author Ann Burnell, a geneticist at the National University of Ireland in Maynooth, although its function has not been pinpointed.

No one knows how the capacity to endure dryness might influence nematode aging, says Burnell. But such feats of endurance could lead researchers to fundamental mechanisms by which organisms stave off the environmental assaults that likely contribute to their demise.
--R. John Davenport

J. Browne, A. Tunnacliffe, A. Burnell, Plant desiccation gene found in a nematode.
Nature
416
, 38 (2002).
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
Trash Talk: AGEs might participate in cell-death signal (Cell death; AGEs)
Authors: Davenport R. John 
Published: August 2003

Long deemed sinister, a particular type of molecular junk might serve a crucial cellular purpose. As cells burn sugar to harness the energy contained in its bonds, they create destructive chemicals. Some of these toxicants, such as methylglyoxal (MG), can glom onto proteins, forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These troublesome appendages accumulate in aging organisms and perhaps contribute to the tissue deterioration observed in older animals (see
"Aging Research Grows Up"
). AGEs were originally thought to be junk that gets tangled in protein machines by chance, but new research suggests that they might instead participate in cellular signaling pathways.

Van Herreweghe and colleagues made this discovery by chance while investigating how a protein called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) kills human cancer cells. To understand the molecular changes induced by TNF, they sought proteins that receive a phosphate group in response to TNF exposure. That chemical addition commonly regulates protein activity. TNF treatment of cultured cancer cells caused phosphorylation of a protein called glyoxylase I. Scientists don't fully understand the function of glyoxylase I, but it appears to disarm MG molecules by turning them back into sugar. Knowing that, the team wondered whether phosphorylation of glyoxylase might hinder its ability to eradicate MG; the resulting accumulation of MG might transmit the deadly signal initiated by TNF.
Further experiments support that idea. Cell death by TNF depends on the phosphorylation of glyoxylase I: A chemical that blocks phosphorylation of glyoxylase I--but not other proteins--reduces by 50% the amount of cell death triggered by TNF. In addition, cells treated with TNF contain more MG than do untreated cells. The researchers also found that inhibition of glyoxylase I phosphorylation reduces the amount of AGEs produced by MG. Based in part on these observations, the researchers propose that phosphorylated glyoxylase might help create specific MG-derived AGEs that trigger cell death.
The idea that AGEs carry messages in cell signaling pathways represents a significant shift in thinking, according to biochemist John Baynes of the University of South Carolina, Columbia. Perhaps future work will clarify how phosphorylation tweaks the operation of glyoxylase I and confirm the role of MG in the TNF pathway. But the results hint that AGEs might expunge organismal dirt--cancer cells--rather than just gum up the works.
--R. John Davenport

F. Van Herreweghe, J. Mao, F. W. R. Chaplen, J. Grooten, K. Gevaert, J. Vandekerckhove, K. Vancompernolle, Tumor necrosis factor-induced modulation of glyoxalase I activities through phosphorylation by PKA results in cell death and is accompanied by the formation of a specific methylglyoxal-derived AGE.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
99
, 949-954 (2002).
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
UV–visible spectroscopic study of the hydrophilic and solvatochromic 4‐[2,6‐diphenyl‐4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)pyridinium‐1‐yl]‐2,6‐bis(pyridin‐3‐yl)phenolate betaine dye in eight binary solvent mixtures
Authors: Herodes Koit , Koppel Juta , Reichardt Christian , Koppel Ilmar A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSolvent effects on the recently synthesized hydrophilic and negatively solvatochromic 4‐[2,6‐diphenyl‐4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)pyridinium‐1‐yl]‐2,6‐bis(pyridin‐3‐yl)phenolate betaine dye [ET(8) dye] in binary solvent mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile with water, methanol, propan‐2‐ol and 2‐methylpropan‐2‐ol were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy and compared with analogous measurements of the standard ET(30) betaine dye [2,6‐diphenyl‐4‐(2,4,6‐triphenylpyridinium‐1‐yl)phenolate]. A preferential solvation model was applied to the data obtained. The applicability of the ET(8) betaine dye for the determination of ET(30) values for aqueous media is discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of arecoline (areca nut alkaloid) in neonatal biological matrices by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Pichini Simona , Pellegrini Manuela , Pacifici Roberta , Marchei Emilia , Murillo Janeth , Puig Carme , Vall Oriol , García‐Algar Oscar 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with mass spectrometric detection is described for determination of arecoline in newborn meconium, urine and cord serum, using pilocarpine as internal standard. The analytes were extracted from neonatal biological matrices with chloroform/isopropanol (95:5, v/v) at alkaline pH. Extracts were analyzed by HPLC coupled to an electrospray (ESI) interface and a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Chromatography was performed on a C8 reversed‐phase column using 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.3)/acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase. The mass spectrometer was operated in selected ion monitoring mode. The method was validated over the concentration range 0.005–1.00 μg/g meconium, 0.004–1.00 μg/mL cord serum and 0.001–1.00 μg/mL urine. Mean recoveries ranged between 86.5 and 90.7% for arecoline in the different biological matrices, with precision always better than 10%. The quantification limits of arecoline were 0.005 μg/g meconium, 0.004 μg/mL cord serum, and 0.001 μg/mL urine. The method was applied to the analysis of neonatal biological matrices to assess eventual fetal exposition to arecoline. Two newborns from Asian mothers who declared areca nut consumption presented arecoline in meconium with concentrations in the range 0.006–0.008 μg/g; also the urine from one neonate tested positive for the drug. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of proteins separated by one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization ion trap mass spectrometry; comparison with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass fingerprinting
Authors: Zeng Rong , Chen Yong‐Bing , Shao Xiao‐Xia , Shieh Chia‐Hui Paul , Miller Ken , Tran Helen , Xia Qi‐Chang 
Published: August 2003

AbstractDigests from ten gel bands containing low abundance proteins were analyzed by both matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization ion trap (MALDI‐IT) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) methods. MALDI‐TOF techniques were able to identify only one protein from all 10 gel bands, while MALDI‐IT identified eight proteins from the same 10 bands. The ability to perform MS/MS experiments with a MALDI‐IT instrument leads to protein identifications based on both peptide molecular mass and sequence information, and is much less prone to errors and uncertainties introduced by peptide fingerprinting methodologies in which protein identification is based on peptide molecular masses alone. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Unbiased Estimation of Positive Integral Powers of the Natural Parameter in Exponential Families
Authors: Baringhaus Ludwig 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe explore the structure of one‐parameter exponential families admitting an unbiased estimator for a positive integral power of the natural parameter. It is seen that only exponential families dominated by Lebesgue measure can have this property. It is outlined that similar results can be obtained for other functions of the natural parameter.