bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypercitratemia is a mortality predictor among patients on continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration and regional citrate anticoagulation
Authors: dos Santos Thais Oliveira Claizoni , dos Santos Ferreira Carlos Eduardo , Mangueira Cristóvão Luis Pitangueira , Ammirati Adriano Luiz , Scherer Patricia Faria , Doher Marisa Petrucelli , Matsui Thais Nemoto , dos Santos Bento Fortunato Cardoso , Pereira Virgílio Gonçalves , Batista Marcelo Costa , Monte Julio Cesar Martins , Santos Oscar Fernando Pavão , de Souza Durão Marcelino 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe use of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in liver failure (LF) patients can lead to citrate accumulation. We aimed to evaluate serum levels of citrate and correlate them with liver function markers and with the Cat/Cai in patients under intensive care and undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation (CVVHDF-RCA). A prospective cohort study in an intensive care unit was conducted. We compared survival, clinical, laboratorial and dialysis data between patients with and without LF. Citrate was measured daily. We evaluated 200 patients, 62 (31%) with LF. Citrate was significantly higher in the LF group. Dialysis dose, filter lifespan, systemic ionized calcium and Cat/Cai were similar between groups. There were weak to moderate positive correlations between Citrate and indicators of liver function and Cat/Cai. The LF group had higher mortality (70.5% vs. 51.8%, p = 0.014). Citrate was an independent risk factor for death, OR 11.3 (95% CI 2.74–46.8). In conclusion, hypercitratemia was an independent risk factor for death in individuals undergoing CVVHDF-ARC. The increase in citrate was limited in the LF group, without clinical significance. The correlation between citrate and liver function indicators was weak to moderate.
Ethnic disparity in diagnosing asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis using machine learning
Authors: Celeste Cameron , Ming Dion , Broce Justin , Ojo Diandra P. , Drobina Emma , Louis-Jacques Adetola F. , Gilbert Juan E. , Fang Ruogu , Parker Ivana K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile machine learning (ML) has shown great promise in medical diagnostics, a major challenge is that ML models do not always perform equally well among ethnic groups. This is alarming for women’s health, as there are already existing health disparities that vary by ethnicity. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal syndrome among women of reproductive age and has clear diagnostic differences among ethnic groups. Here, we investigate the ability of four ML algorithms to diagnose BV. We determine the fairness in the prediction of asymptomatic BV using 16S rRNA sequencing data from Asian, Black, Hispanic, and white women. General purpose ML model performances vary based on ethnicity. When evaluating the metric of false positive or false negative rate, we find that models perform least effectively for Hispanic and Asian women. Models generally have the highest performance for white women and the lowest for Asian women. These findings demonstrate a need for improved methodologies to increase model fairness for predicting BV.
Topological structure of complex predictions
Authors: Liu Meng , Dey Tamal K. , Gleich David F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrent complex prediction models are the result of fitting deep neural networks, graph convolutional networks or transducers to a set of training data. A key challenge with these models is that they are highly parameterized, which makes describing and interpreting the prediction strategies difficult. We use topological data analysis to transform these complex prediction models into a simplified topological view of the prediction landscape. The result is a map of the predictions that enables inspection of the model results with more specificity than dimensionality-reduction methods such as tSNE and UMAP. The methods scale up to large datasets across different domains. We present a case study of a transformer-based model previously designed to predict expression levels of a piece of DNA in thousands of genomic tracks. When the model is used to study mutations in theBRCA1gene, our topological analysis shows that it is sensitive to the location of a mutation and the exon structure ofBRCA1in ways that cannot be found with tools based on dimensionality reduction. Moreover, the topological framework offers multiple ways to inspect results, including an error estimate that is more accurate than model uncertainty. Further studies show how these ideas produce useful results in graph-based learning and image classification.
Saliency models perform best for women’s and young adults' fixations
Authors: Strauch Christoph , Hoogerbrugge Alex J. , Baer Gregor , Hooge Ignace T. C. , Nijboer Tanja C. W. , Stuit Sjoerd M. , Van der Stigchel Stefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSaliency models seek to predict fixation locations in (human) gaze behaviour. These are typically created to generalize across a wide range of visual scenes but validated using only a few participants. Generalizations across individuals are generally implied. We tested this implied generalization across people, not images, with gaze data of 1600 participants. Using a single, feature-rich image, we found shortcomings in the prediction of fixations across this diverse sample. Models performed optimally for women and participants aged 18-29. Furthermore, model predictions differed in performance from earlier to later fixations. Our findings show that gaze behavior towards low-level visual input varies across participants and reflects dynamic underlying processes. We conclude that modeling and understanding gaze behavior will require an approach which incorporates differences in gaze behavior across participants and fixations; validates generalizability; and has a critical eye to potential biases in training- and testing data.
Synthesis of titanium carbide coating on Ti15Mo alloy and its tribological behaviour
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Shen Jiajia , Zhang Weipeng , Xu Zhentao , Zheng Jingjing , Luo Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTi15Mo alloy has been regarded as one of the most potential biomedical materials due to its excellent performance. However, the low hardness and poor wear resistance of titanium alloy limit the further application. Therefore, high temperature solid carburising technology was performed on the surface of Ti15Mo alloys to prepare titanium carbide (TiC) coating with graphene (G) as the carburising agent. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of TiC coating under different lubricants were investigated. Results showed that TiC coating was closely bonded to the titanium substrate. The maximum thickness of TiC coating treated with 1150°C was approximately 184.02 μm, and the microhardness of alloys treated with 1100°C can achieve 1221.5 HV. All modified Ti15Mo alloys showed improved tribological performance compared to the original samples. The wear mechanisms of modified Ti15Mo alloys were abrasive wear and adhesive wear under the SBF lubricant, and the TiC coating was slightly peeled off. The overall friction coefficient and wear rate under 25% calf serum lubricant were lower than the SBF lubricant, and surface scratches were almost absent, and slight abrasive wear and adhesive wear occurred on the surface.
A risk‐based driver behaviour model
Authors: Yuan Yuxia , Wang Xinwei , Calvert Simeon , Happee Riender , Wang Meng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrent driver behaviour models (DBMs) are primarily designed for the general driver population under specific scenarios, such as car following or lane changing. Hence DBMs capturing individual behaviour under various scenarios are lacking. This paper presents a novel method to quantify individual perceived driving risk in the longitudinal and lateral directions using risk thresholds capturing the time headway and time to line crossing. These are integrated in a risk‐based DBM formulated under a model predictive control (MPC) framework taking into account vehicle dynamics. The DBM assumes drivers to operate as predictive controllers jointly optimising multiple criteria, including driving risk, discomfort, and travel inefficiency. Simulation results in car following and passing a slower vehicle demonstrate that the DBM predicts plausible behaviour under representative driving scenarios, and that the risk thresholds are able to reflect individual driving behaviour. Furthermore, the proposed DBM is verified using empirical driving data collected from a driving simulator, and the results show it is able to accurately generate vehicle longitudinal and lateral control matching individual human drivers. Overall, this model can capture individual risk perception behaviour and can be applied to the design and assessment of intelligent vehicle systems.
Optimal gear ratio selection of linear primary permanent magnet vernier machines for wave energy applications
Authors: Jafari Reza , Asef Pedram , Sarhadi Pouria , Pei Xiaoze 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLinear permanent magnet vernier generators offer a high capability of force density, making them appealing configurations for wave energy harvesting systems. In absolute terms, the performance of these machines is significantly influenced by the selection of slot/pole combinations based on the magnetic gearing effect. For the first time, this paper aims to investigate the impact of different gear ratios on a wide array of linear primary permanent magnet vernier machines (LPPMVMs) with different slot/pole combinations based on fair criteria to offer a more comprehensive understanding of gear ratio selection. To find the optimal number of slots and poles, the response surface methodology is adopted to obtain a robust design and make a fair comparison among LPPMVMs with optimum design characteristics using a cost‐effective approach for the fast and reliable optimisation process. The higher gear ratios result in higher thrust force capability. This will help establishing a new route toward faster develpment of advanced LPPMVMs. The power loss models of LPPMVMs are studied to predict their steady‐state and transient thermal behaviours, verifying their stability and safety, while a simple external forced convection method can be utilised. To verify the model, finite element analysis is exploited to confirm the electromagnetic and thermal analysis results and provide a more exhaustive investigation.
A multi‐variables loss of excitation protection scheme to improve the factors of accuracy and speed of detection than the conventional impedance relay
Authors: Fatolahi Mohammad Sajad , Hosseini‐Hemati Saman , Rastgou Abdollah , Kharrati Saeed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe most common disadvantages of loss of excitation (LOE) impedance relay are its improper operation in the conditions of power system disturbances (PSD) and its long operation time. In this regard, to solve the mentioned problems and as a result improve the accuracy and speed of detecting the LOE events, four key variables including active power (Psg), reactive power (Qsg), load angle (δsg), and terminal voltage (Vsg) are selected, on the basis of an in‐depth theoretical‐ and simulation studies. These variables have been implemented in a precise combinational logic. In the developed LOE detection logic of this paper, the dependent parameters of Vsg and Qsg as well as Psg and δsg parameters are examined simultaneously in an AND logic cluster. If both the defined combinations detect the occurrence of LOE, the generator trip command is issued. Otherwise, the normal operation of the under‐study machine will continue. The results of the performed simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment (2017b) during the detailed scenarios of LOE and PSD events on the IEEE 39‐bus standard system confirm the efficiency of the outlined LOE protection model. Meanwhile, its superiority from the viewpoints of accuracy, swiftness, and simplicity and cost of implementation are comprehensively compared with the other schemes.
Sexualität und Gewalt: Normalitätskonstruktionen junger Menschen
Authors: Fixemer Tom , Henningsen Anja , Rusack Tanja , Tuider Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ausgangspunkt des vorliegenden Beitrages ist, dass sowohl Fachdebatten als auch gesellschaftlichen Diskursivierungen zu sexualisierter Gewalt gewisse Narrationen, im Sinne von Mythen, über Sexualität eingeschrieben sind, und gleichzeitig die Sichtweisen junger Menschen auf Gewalt und Sexualität kaum eingeholt werden.
Forschungsziele Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, aktuell bestehende Normalitätskonstruktionen junger Menschen zu Sexualität und sexualisierter Gewalt im Kontrast zu diskursiven Mythenkonstruktionen zu thematisieren.
Methoden Dem Beitrag liegen Forschungen zweier vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderter Verbundprojekte zugrunde („Safer Places“ 2013–2016, „SchutzNorm“ 2018–2021). Mittels erzählgenerierender Interviews (n = 30 aus „Safer Places“ und n = 38 aus „SchutzNorm“) und zweier nicht-repräsentativer Onlinebefragungen (n = 364 aus „Safer Places“ und n = 1221 aus „SchutzNorm“) werden Normalitätskonstruktionen junger Menschen in Bezug auf Sexualität und Gewalt analysiert und mit hegemonialen Narrationen im Sinne von „Mythen des Alltags“ kontrastiert.
Ergebnisse Im Sexualitätsverständnis der befragten jungen Menschen ist eine Zustimmungsmoral zentral. Diese markiert die Abgrenzung zu sexualisierten Grenzüberschreitungen und Gewalt. Eine Vielfalt von Sexualität und Geschlecht ist ebenso wie ein differenziertes Gewaltverständnis sichtbar; körperliche sowie digitale Gewalt werden vordergründig als Verletzung persönlicher Grenzen benannt. Organisationaler Schutz wird nicht als Normalität wahrgenommen und sexualisierte Gewalt wird als Vergewaltigung und individuelles Problem verstanden. Selbstschuldzuweisungen bei Betroffenheit von sexualisierter Gewalt bestehen ebenso wie die Zurückweisung eines Opfer-Stigmas. Heteronormative Täter-Opfer-Bilder schreiben sich fort und Betroffenheiten von LGBTIQ*s werden übersehen.
Schlussfolgerung Normalitätskonstruktionen junger Menschen zu Sexualität, Gewalt und Schutz sind zukünftig als Ausgangslage in Schutzkonzeptentwicklungen und in den Fachdebatten zu berücksichtigen. Mythenkonstruktionen zu Sexualität und sexualisierter Gewalt von pädagogischen Fachkräften und jungen Menschen sind vertiefend in den forschenden Blick zu nehmen.
BF3@K10: An Efficient Heterogeneous Montmorillonite Catalyst for the Halogenation of N-Heterocycles
Authors: Lazrek Hassan B. , El Mansouri Az-eddine , Lachhab Saida , Mehdi Ahmad , Ait-Ali Mustapha , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Zahouily M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHalogenated N-heterocycles are an essential structural building block in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe an economical and efficient protocol for the regioselective halogenation of several N-heterocycles (pyrimidines, a pyrazole, 2-aminopyridine, theophylline, and an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine) with BF3-doped montmorillonite (BF3@K10). The new catalyst was characterized by FTIR and 11B NMR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDS. The developed strategy provides easy and fast access to iodo-, bromo-, and chloro-N-heterocycles under mild conditions. This method was used to synthesize nine new halogenated pyrimidine derivatives. The reaction is simple and general, affording good to excellent yields of products under conventional heating or microwave conditions in the presence of BF3@K10 as an ecofriendly, inexpensive, and efficient catalyst. This protocol is clearly superior to the conventional route because it offers short reaction times, high yields, and easy workup.
Chronic Hand Eczema Treated with an Individualised Homoeopathic Ultradilution—A Case Report
Authors: Padigapati Dastagiri , Xavier Xinix 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEczema is a skin disease characterised by itching, redness, scaling and can be seen anywhere on the body, and the intensity of the complaints may vary individually. Hand eczema in the acute stage presents with macules, papules, vesicles and oedema; crusting, scaling, hyperkeratosis and fissure are the leading symptoms in the chronic stage if the complaints persist, lasting longer than 3 months or relapsing two or more times per year. However, it can also impact the patient's psychological health, as seen in the current case. Conventional treatment includes topical application and even steroids which can have long-term adverse effects and recurrence. A 48-year-old female presented with eczema on the palm, which had previously been treated by the conventional method. Petroleum 200c was prescribed after case taking and repertorisation, followed by Sulphur 200c as an antipsoric to prevent the recurrence of complaints. This case was followed up for 2 years with no recurrence of the complaints. It shows that the individualised medicine followed by miasmatic prescription will cure the disease. The relationship between treatment and clinical outcome is reaffirmed based on the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy score 9, improvement in Dermatology Quality of Life Index and photographic evidence.
Reactivation of Tumor-like Chagas Disease in the Central Nervous System in Cardiac Transplant Patients: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Prates Júnior Antônio Gilson , Macedo Fernando Augusto Medeiros Carrera , Malheiros José Augusto , Pinheiro Maria Letícia Marques , Souza Lucas Rodrigues de , Pinto Ana Luisa Ribeiro , Pohlmann Bruna Kelren Freitas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease is an important public health problem in Latin American countries, affecting ∼ 6 million people within the region. In patients with chronic Chagas disease who undergo some type of immunosuppression reactivation of the acute form may occur, and manifestations involve many organs, including the central nervous system. Tumor-like brain reactivations are well described in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; however, this is a very rare event among Chagasic patients immunosuppressed after a heart transplantation.
Case Report We describe three cases of cardiac transplant patients who had a tumor-like intracranial lesion, whose biopsies were compatible with Chagas disease. All 3 patients were treated with benznidazole, and 2 of them presented parameters of cure after 60 days of treatment, while 1 required a 2nd cycle of treatment.
Discussion A tumor-like Chagas disease reactivation in the central nervous system may happen in heart-transplant patients and, due to the multiple differential diagnoses, we believe that brain biopsies should be considered when feasible.
Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Burns Heather R. , Wang Daniel S. , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Dempsey Robert F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDistraction osteogenesis (DO) of the craniofacial skeleton has become an effective technique for the treatment of both nonsyndromic and syndromic conditions. The advent of craniofacial DO has allowed for earlier intervention in pediatric patients with less complication risk and morbidity compared to traditional techniques. In this review, we will discuss current application and technique for craniofacial DO by anatomical region and explore future applications in craniofacial surgery.
Pediatric Microsurgery and Free-Tissue Transfer
Authors: Burns Heather R. , Skochdopole Anna J. , Alfaro Zeledon Richardo , Pederson William C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdvancements in microsurgery, along with increased microsurgical experience in pediatric patients, have made free-tissue transfer a reliable modality for pediatric bone and soft tissue reconstruction today. Free-tissue transfer is most commonly used in children for the coverage of large or complex defects resulting from traumatic, oncologic, or congenital etiologies. While flap success and complication rates between pediatric and adult populations are similar, special considerations must be taken into account within the pediatric population. In this article, we will describe common indications, technical nuances, and clinical considerations for the management of the pediatric free-tissue transfer patient.
Exploring and understanding perceived relationships between doctoral students and their supervisors in China
Authors: Xu Yanru , Liu Ji’an 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFit in supervisory relationships is crucial for doctoral students’ outcomes, where supervisory relationships are influenced by cultural and disciplinary contexts. This article qualitatively explores fit or misfit between students’ perceptions and those of their supervisors on supervisory relationships in STEM in the cultural context of Chinese Confucianism. Considered through the lens of person-supervisor fit, two dimensions, consisting of four distinctions of supervisor-doctoral student fit or misfit in supervisory relationships, are identified: (1) a conceptual dimension consisting of supplementary fit or misfit; and (2) a practical dimension consisting of complementary fit or misfit. Supplementary fit is illustrated through three conceptual congruences regarding the nature of doctoral learning, students’ dispositions and the modelling and nurturing roles of supervisors. The term supplementary misfit refers to a conceptual incongruence regarding supervisors’ familial roles, which demonstrates contradictions between sustained cultural influences and the present-day academic profession. Complementary fit includes needs–supplies fit and demands–abilities fit, which bear disciplinary characteristics in modern STEM doctoral education. Complementary misfit refers to supervisors’ strict practices as against students’ demands for autonomy. This article advances the application of the person-supervisor fit perspective in STEM doctoral supervision and contributes to the understanding of disciplinary and cultural influences on the present-day academic supervisory relationships in China.
Scalable and highly tunable conductive oxide interfaces
Authors: Cohen-Azarzar Dana , Baskin Maria , Lindblad Andreas , Trier Felix , Kornblum Lior 
Published: November 2023

Conducting oxide interfaces have attracted considerable attention, motivated by both fundamental science and potential for oxide electronic devices. An important gap for maturing such device technology is scalability and routes to control the electronic properties, which can narrow the device engineering space. Here, we demonstrate and explain the mechanisms of highly tunable conductive oxide interfaces. We synthesized amorphous–crystalline Al2O3/SrTiO3 interfaces using the scalable and industry-compatible atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. An NH3 plasma pretreatment is employed in the ALD chamber, and its duration is used as a tuning parameter for the electrical properties, where a span of three orders of magnitude in the sheet resistance is observed at room temperature. For the most conductive sample, our results are comparable to the highest carrier density values reported for all-crystalline oxide interfaces prepared with state-of-the-art epitaxial growth techniques, such as pulsed laser deposition. We pinpoint the origin of conductivity to oxygen vacancies caused by the SrTiO3 reduction by the NH3 plasma pretreatment. These results present a simple, scalable, and industry-compatible route for realizing conductive oxide interfaces, with a broad parameter space, offering a versatile and flexible toolkit for oxide device engineering.