bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotropic negative thermal expansion in ZrW2O8 and HfW2O8 from 1100 to 1275°C
Authors: Hulbert Benjamin S. , Blake Dylan W. , Mattei Gerard S. , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZrW2O8 (ZrO2•2WO3) and HfW2O8 (HfO2•2WO3) have been the focus of thermal expansion studies due to their isotropic negative thermal expansion (NTE) measured previously at temperatures below 775°C. This work presents measurements of these materials at their thermodynamically stable temperature ranges of 1105 and 1257°C for ZrW2O8 and 1105–1276°C for HfW2O8, where they were characterized with in situ, powder X‐ray diffraction. The linear coefficients of thermal expansion were measured to be −5.52 × 10−6 and −4.87 × 10−6°C−1 for ZrW2O8 and HfW2O8, respectively. The mechanism leading to this NTE is discussed. Powder samples were synthesized by a solution‐based process called the organic–inorganic steric entrapment method. In situ characterization in air was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source II using a hexapole lamp, optical furnace and the Advanced Photon Source using a quadrupole lamp, optical furnace to achieve elevated temperatures.
Characterization of granular micronutrient premixes for food fortification
Authors: Chan Y. K. Kiki , Sodhi Rana N. S. , Cheng Yu‐Ling , Diosady Levente L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGranular micronutrient premixes have been used to fortify salt and proven to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. Expansion of the micronutrient premix technology to other food vehicles requires characterization of the granules to establish a basic understanding of the material. The objective of this study is to determine the physical and chemical properties of micronutrient premixes, and examine these parameters in relation to the attrition of the granules. The physical properties examined were particle shape, density, and compressive strength; and chemical compositions of the granule surfaces and cross sections were mapped using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Currently, premix granules coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and fully hydrogenated soybean oil to a minimum coating thickness of 25 μm is sufficient for resisting attrition under the processing conditions of double‐fortified salt. Micronutrient premix granules can be made more resistant to attrition under harsher processing conditions through reduction in particle size, increase in sphericity, and increase in the coating thickness.Practical ApplicationsTwo billion people worldwide suffer from the deficiency at least one micronutrient, which burdens an individual's health and quality of life. Fortification of staple foods is a proven cost‐effective approach to mitigate micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrient premix granules used to fortify salt have had great success in reducing iron‐deficient anemia. Premix granules must remain intact until they reach the consumer for the micronutrients to be absorbed by the body. Currently, existing formulations of premix can resist breakage under the processing and handling conditions of salt production. However, premix granules have not been tested under elevated temperatures and compression, so their integrity under such conditions remains to be shown. This study reports on the properties of micronutrient premix granules to establish a baseline understanding for the expansion of their use. Our results show that existing premix granules can be made smaller, rounder, and with a thicker coating to withstand harsher processing conditions.
Flood risk assessments—Exploring maturity and challenges in Sweden
Authors: Arvidsson Björn , Johansson Jonas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFloods are destructive to society. Hence, to assess and manage flood risk is imperative. Flood risk assessments require several layers of analysis, from flood hazard to societal impact. This paper explores the maturity level and challenges related to three components of a comprehensive risk assessment: flood hazard, direct consequences, and indirect consequences. This is achieved by introducing and applying a maturity framework on flood hazard reports and flood risk management plans in Sweden, as required by the EU Floods Directive (FD). A longitudinal analysis is conducted over two FD cycles (2009–2015 and 2016–2021). Complementary interviews with county administrative boards and responsible authorities provide deeper insights into processes and practical challenges. The results reveal that the maturity level of flood hazard assessment is high, while direct and, in particular, indirect consequences assessments need increased attention and substantial improvements. Further, there is no significant increase in maturity between the FD cycles, indicating fundamental challenges towards achieving this. Critical steps forward include developing applicable methods for analysing both direct and indirect consequences of floods, improving data availability on functionality and interdependency of critical infrastructure and society at large, and creating incentives for a broader range of societal actors to participate in flood risk management.
Water‐soluble intracellular extract of Desmodesmus sp. YT enhanced the antioxidant capacity of human skin fibroblast to protect the skin from UV damage
Authors: Ying Ming , Zeng Zuye , Li Qin , Chen Xianglan , Xiong Ying , Wu Bo , Peng Liang , Zhang Qian , Wang Li , Dai Zhongming , Li Shuangfei , Chen Huirong , Yang Xuewei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a pivotal factor in skin aging and can even contribute to the development of skin cancer.AimThis study explored the antioxidant effect and mechanism of water‐soluble intracellular extract (WIE) of Desmodesmus sp.YT (YT), aiming to develop a natural antioxidant suitable for incorporation into cosmetics.MethodsThe study evaluated the scavenging capacity of YT‐WIE against free radicals and assessed its impact on human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cell viability and UV resistance using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8). Transcriptome sequencing was employed to elucidate the mechanism of action, while RT‐qPCR and western blot were used to validate the expression of key genes.ResultsYT‐WIE displayed robust antioxidant activity, demonstrating potent scavenging abilities against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; IC50 = 0.55 mg mL−1), 2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid; ABTS; IC50 = 3.11 mg mL−1), Hydroxyl (·OH; IC50 = 2.21 mg mL−1), and Superoxide anion (O2•−; IC50 = 0.98 mg mL−1). Furthermore, compared to the control group, the YT‐WIE group exhibited an 89.30% enhancement in HSF viability and a 44.63% increase in survival rate post‐UV irradiation. Significant upregulation of antioxidant genes (GCLC, GCLM, TXNRD1, HMOX1, NQO1) was observed with YT‐WIE treatment at 400 μg mL−1, with fold increases ranging from 1.13 to 5.85 times.ConclusionYT‐WIE demonstrated considerable potential as an antioxidant, shielding human cells from undue oxidative stress triggered by external stimuli such as UV radiation. This suggests its promising application in cosmetics antioxidants.
The expression of genes encoding novel Sesame oleosin variants facilitates enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves and seeds
Authors: Anaokar Sanket , Liang Yuanxue , Yu Xiao‐Hong , Cai Yingqi , Cai Yuanheng , Shanklin John 
Published: February 2024

Summary

Triacylglycerols (TAG), accumulate within lipid droplets (LD), predominantly surrounded by OLEOSINs (OLE), that protect TAG from hydrolysis. We tested the hypothesis that identifying and removing degradation signals from OLE would promote its abundance, preventing TAG degradation and enhancing TAG accumulation.

We tested whether mutating potential ubiquitin‐conjugation sites in a previously reported improved Sesamum indicum OLE (SiO) variant, o3‐3 Cys‐OLE (SiCO herein), would stabilize it and increase its lipogenic potential. SiCOv1 was created by replacing all five lysines in SiCO with arginines. Separately, six cysteine residues within SiCO were deleted to create SiCOv2. SiCOv1 and SiCOv2 mutations were combined to create SiCOv3.

Transient expression of SiCOv3 in Nicotiana benthamiana increased TAG by two‐fold relative to SiCO. Constitutive expression of SiCOv3 or SiCOv5, containing the five predominant TAG‐increasing mutations from SiCOv3, in Arabidopsis along with mouse DGAT2 (mD) increased TAG accumulation by 54% in leaves and 13% in seeds compared with control lines coexpressing SiCO and mD.

Lipid synthesis rates increased, consistent with an increase in lipid sink strength that sequesters newly synthesized TAG, thereby relieving the constitutive BADC‐dependent inhibition of ACCase reported for WT Arabidopsis. These OLE variants represent novel factors for potentially increasing TAG accumulation in a variety of oil crops.
Agroecological genetics of biomass allocation in wheat uncovers genotype interactions with canopy shade and plant size
Authors: Golan Guy , Weiner Jacob , Zhao Yusheng , Schnurbusch Thorsten 
Published: February 2024

Summary
How plants distribute biomass among organs influences resource acquisition, reproduction and plant–plant interactions, and is essential in understanding plant ecology, evolution, and yield production in agriculture. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating allocation responses to the environment are largely unknown.
We studied recombinant lines of wheat (Triticum spp.) grown as single plants under sunlight and simulated canopy shade to investigate genotype‐by‐environment interactions in biomass allocation to the leaves, stems, spikes, and grains. Size‐corrected mass fractions and allometric slopes were employed to dissect allocation responses to light limitation and plant size.
Size adjustments revealed light‐responsive alleles associated with adaptation to the crop environment. Combined with an allometric approach, we demonstrated that polymorphism in the DELLA protein is associated with the response to shade and size. While a gibberellin‐sensitive allelic effect on stem allocation was amplified when plants were shaded, size‐dependent effects of this allele drive allocation to reproduction, suggesting that the ontogenetic trajectory of the plant affects the consequences of shade responses for allocation.
Our approach provides a basis for exploring the genetic determinants underlying investment strategies in the face of different resource constraints and will be useful in predicting social behaviours of individuals in a crop community.
Cross‐sectoral exchange of nurses: An intervention study
Authors: Jungdal Anni , Tousig Charlotte Gad , Christiansen Tanja Kjærgaard , Birkelund Lisbeth , Sørensen Anette Nissen , Roskilde Jesper , Birkelund Regner 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn health policy, much attention has been paid to collaboration between the primary and secondary health care sectors, especially in relation to hospitalisation and discharge. Despite ideal plans for collaboration, the research literature shows that inadequate communication is a well‐known problem that can be a barrier to a safe trajectory for the citizen. Based on the assumption that better knowledge of each other's work will lead to better collaboration, a cross‐sectoral exchange program with nurses was initiated.AimThe aim was to investigate which barriers to good patient trajectories the involved nurses attributed to cross‐sectoral collaboration and what impact the exchange to the opposite sector had for them.MethodsTwenty‐eight nurses were exchanged: 14 from a cardiology department and 14 from municipal home care. The nurses shadowed a colleague from the opposite sector in their daily work. Subsequently, six focus group interviews were conducted. The transcribed material was analysed based on Ricoeur's interpretation theory.ResultsTwo main themes, including sub‐themes emerged: (1) Challenging communicative conditions: (a) Inadequate digital communication, (b) Inadequate care plans and discharge reports, (c) Conversation promotes understanding, and (d) Challenging collaboration and communication with the discharge coordinators. (2) Perceived importance of the exchange: (a) Cross‐sectoral relationship, prejudice and gaining respect for each other and (b) Working in two different worlds.ConclusionElectronic communication is inadequate, and the IT systems do not support sufficient cross‐sectoral communication. The organisational model in the municipal care sector is inflexible in terms of allocations for the current needs of citizens, and professionals feel that their professional judgements are not recognised. The nurses gained insight into each other's work and working conditions and respect for each other's professionalism. The exchange has the potential to both improve the relationship and communication between the sectors for the benefit of a better and more coherent patient course.
On the Spectral Radius and Sombor Energy of the Non-Commuting Graph for Dihedral Groups
Authors: Romdhini Mamika Ujianita , Nawawi Athirah 
Published: February 2024

The non-commuting graph, denoted by , is defined on a finite group , with its vertices are elements of excluding those in the center of . In this graph, two distinct vertices are adjacent whenever they do not commute in . The graph can be associated with several matrices including the most basic matrix, which is the adjacency matrix, , and a matrix called Sombor matrix, denoted by . The entries of are either the square root of the sum of the squares of degrees of two distinct adjacent vertices, or zero otherwise. Consequently, the adjacency and Sombor energies of is the sum of the absolute eigenvalues of the adjacency and Sombor matrices of , respectively, whereas the spectral radius of is the maximum absolute eigenvalues. Throughout this paper, we find the spectral radius obtained from the spectrum of and the Sombor energy of for dihedral groups of order , where . Moreover, there is an almost linear correlation between the Sombor energy and the adjacency energy of for which is slightly different than reported earlier in previous literature.
A record of Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Insular terrane accretion within the northern Cordillera: Insights from monazite petrochronology across the Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon, Canada
Authors: McKenzie Will F. , Dyck Brendan , Gibson H. Daniel , Larson Kyle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Kluane Schist is a metamorphosed package of siliciclastic and lesser calcareous rocks that lies between the inboard pericratonic Intermontane terranes and outboard Insular terranes of the North American Cordillera within Yukon, Canada. The metamorphic sequence of the Kluane Schist preserves a record of the tectono-thermal evolution and timing of Insular terrane accretion. Here we document the timing of metamorphism and deformation across the Kluane Schist using in situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Th-Pb monazite petrochronology. Monazite-bearing samples collected across an inverted metamorphic sequence preserved in the northern regions of the Kluane Schist yield dates ranging from ca. 70 Ma to 55 Ma. Complementary phase equilibria modeling and thin section analysis indicate monazite grew between ~450 °C and 3.0–3.5 kbar to ~700–715 °C and 4.0–4.5 kbar, coeval with the development of the Kluane Schist's inverted metamorphic sequence. Dating the four chemical zones preserved by monazite demonstrates its protracted growth during three distinct periods of garnet crystallization and breakdown, as well as coeval with melt generation. Our data illustrate that peak metamorphic conditions were reached at progressively younger ages with decreasing structural level within the Kluane Schist. Our results are consistent with Buchan-style metamorphism associated with the terminal accretion of the outboard Insular terranes and southwest-directed overriding of the inboard Yukon-Tanana terrane from ca. 70 Ma to 55 Ma. These findings are further congruous with a Late Cretaceous timing for the terminal accretion of the Insular terranes within southwest Yukon, facilitated by east-dipping subduction beneath a westward migrating North American continent.
Subduction polarity reversal facilitated by plate coupling during arc-continent collision: Evidence from the Western Kunlun orogenic belt, northwest Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tao Zaili , Yin Jiyuan , Spencer Christopher J. , Sun Min , Xiao Wenjiao , Kerr Andrew C. , Wang Tao , Huangfu Pengpeng , Zeng Yunchuan , Chen Wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Subduction polarity reversal usually involves the break off or tearing of the downgoing plate (DP) along the continent-ocean transition zone, in order to initiate subduction of the overriding plate (OP) with opposite polarity. We propose that subduction polarity reversal can also be caused by DP-OP coupling and can account for the early Paleozoic geological relationships in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. Our synthesis of elemental and isotopic data reveals transient (~2 m.y.) changes in the sources of early Paleozoic arc magmatism in the southern Kunlun terrane. The early-stage (ca. 530–487 Ma) magmatic rocks display relatively high εNd(t) (+0.3 to +8.7), εHf(t) (−3.6 to +16.0), and intra-oceanic arc-like features. In contrast, the late-stage (485–430 Ma) magmatic rocks have predominantly negative εNd(t) (−4.5 to +0.3), εHf(t) (−8.8 to +0.9), and higher incompatible trace elements (e.g., Th), similar to the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Tarim craton. This abrupt temporal-spatial variation of arc magmatism, together with the detrital zircon evidence, indicate that subduction polarity reversal of the Proto-Tethys Ocean occurred in a period of ~10 m.y., consistent with the time interval reflected by ophiolite age. This rapid polarity reversal corresponds with the absence of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic and post-collisional magmatic rocks, features normally characteristic of slab break-off or tearing. Numerical modeling shows that this polarity reversal was caused by plate coupling during arc-continent collision. This coupling modified the normal succession of arc-continent collision events, preventing slab break-off or tearing-induced buoyant rock rebound and asthenosphere upwelling. Our model successfully explains early Paleozoic orogenesis in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt and may be applied elsewhere where post-collisional magmatic and UHP rocks are absent.
Injury incidence and prevalence in elite short-course triathletes: a 4-year prospective study
Authors: Crunkhorn Melissa Leith , Toohey Liam Anthony , Charlton Paula , Drew Michael , Watson Kate , Etxebarria Naroa 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo characterise the prevalence, incidence rate (IR) and burden of injuries in elite short-course triathletes over a 4-year training and competition period.MethodsFifty elite Australian triathletes were prospectively monitored for injury during four consecutive seasons (2018–2021). Injuries requiring medical attention were prospectively recorded and further subcategorised according to time loss. The IR and burden (injury IR×mean injury severity) were calculated per 365 athlete days, with sex differences in IR compared using IR ratios (IRR) from negative binomial regression models.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty-six injuries were reported in 46 (92.0%) athletes, of which 67.3% resulted in time loss. The injury IR was 1.87 injuries per 365 athlete days (95% CI 1.70 to 2.80), and comparable between sexes (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.04, p=0.109). Most injuries (70.7%) were training related. The most frequently injured body sites were the ankle (15.8%), foot (12.4%) and lower leg (12.0%). Bone stress injuries (BSIs) were the most burdensome injury type with 31.38 days of time loss per 365 days (95% CI 24.42 to 38.34). Twenty athletes (40.0%) reported at least one bone stress injury (BSI) (range 0–3). The rate of BSIs in female athletes was three times greater compared with male athletes (IRR 2.99, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.07, p=0.013).ConclusionTwo-thirds of injuries reported in elite short-course triathletes resulted in time loss, with the majority occurring during training activities. Foot, ankle and other lower leg injuries had the highest incidence, with BSIs carrying the highest injury burden. The considerably higher rate of BSI observed in female athletes warrants consideration for future prevention strategies in female triathletes.
Effects of Mg2Si Addition on the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of AA7075 Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Ebina Ko , Muto Izumi , Nishimoto Masashi , Sugawara Yu 
Published: February 2024

AA7075 containing Mg2Si was fabricated by Spark plasma sintering (SPS). Gas-atomized AA7075 powders and Mg2Si powders were mixed and sintering was performed at 773 K for 15 min. After sintering, hot-forging was conducted at 773 K, and heat-treatment was conducted at 688 K for 2 h. The specimens were polished with a diamond paste down to 0.25 µm.
The surface of specimens was observed using an optical microscope and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system (EDS). Electrochemical measurements were performed in 0.1 M NaCl at pH 6.0 adjusted with NaOH. With the exception of the electrode area, the surfaces of specimens were coated with an epoxy resin. The size of the exposed electrode area was ca. 5 mm × 5 mm. Dip and dry tests were conducted to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the specimens. The specimens were dipped in 0.1 M NaCl (pH 6.0) for 20 min and dried at 298 K and 50%RH for 60 min. In addition, the effect of Mg2Si on pH of 0.1 M NaCl was investigated. The variation of pH due to addition of Mg2Si to 1 L of 0.1 M NaCl at pH 6.0 was measured.
The open circuit potential of Mg2Si-containing AA7075 decreased significantly after immersion compared to AA7075. In 20 cycles of dip and dry, mass loss was reduced by Mg2Si addition. Oxide films containing Al were formed on the Mg2Si-containing AA7075; however, Mg was not detected from the films. When Mg2Si was added to 1 L of 0.1 M NaCl, the pH increased significantly. The increase in pH on the specimen surface is thought to contribute to improvement of the pitting corrosion resistance.
Semantic Technologies to Model Battery Data and Knowledge
Authors: Flores Eibar , Hansen Hannah , Clark Simon 
Published: February 2024

Data-intensive battery research is here to stay. With open data incentives on the rise and simpler software interfaces granting access to powerful machine learning algorithms, researchers are uncovering a wealth of insights from battery data. However, data without context are just unusable digital bits. Battery data must be appropriately described to render it interoperable and reusable for traditional and data-intensive research. This requires overcoming numerous challenges associated to data heterogeneity, inconsistency, standardization, and meaning. Semantic technologies address these challenges by providing a unified and flexible framework for integrating and reasoning about data from heterogeneous sources.
In this contribution, we will introduce Semantic Technologies and how they enable both human and software agents to understand and reuse battery data. We will present the tools we are developing to i) encourage the adoption of a common standard vocabulary to describe the battery domain[1], ii) connect research resources (datasets, experts, reports, publications, projects) within an accessible platform[2], and iii) reduce the effort required to upgrade data with semantic context. Overall, these tools take concrete steps towards guaranteeing compliance with FAIR data principles. We will further outline plans for future development, including strategies for reaching out to the global battery landscape, facilitate the curation of battery data for data-driven research, and enable knowledge exploration via natural language models.
[1] S. Clark et al., "Toward a Unified Description of Battery Data," Adv. Energy Mater., vol. 2102702, 2021.
[2] https://github.com/BIG-MAP/Demo-BatteryDataSemanticSearch