bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-4-induced macrophage-derived IGF-I protects myofibroblasts from apoptosis following growth factor withdrawal
Authors: Wynes Murry W , Frankel Stephen K , Riches David W H 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition in the lung parenchyma. Recent studies have suggested that the fibroproliferative response is associated with immune deviation toward a T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine profile. In addition, myofibroblast accumulation may be the result of resistance to physiologic apoptosis. If and how these events are linked remain largely unknown. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a fibroblast growth and survival factor that has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF. We have previously shown that interstitial macrophage-derived IGF-I correlates with disease severity in IPF, and the Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 stimulate the expression and secretion of IGF-I by macrophages. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that IL-4-induced, macrophage-derived IGF-I protects myofibroblasts from apoptosis. Using a growth factor withdrawal model of apoptosis in the myofibroblast cell line, CCL39, we demonstrate that conditioned media from IL-4-stimulated macrophages protect myofibroblasts from apoptosis. The survival effect is lost when IGF-I is immunodepleted from macrophage-conditioned media with IGF-I-specific antibodies. We also show that the protection of myofibroblasts by macrophage-derived IGF-I correlates with and is dependent on the activation of the prosurvival kinases Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These findings support the view that IL-4-stimulated, macrophage-derived IGF-I may contribute to the persistence of myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis in the Th2-deviated environment of the fibrotic lung.
Macrophages from lupus-prone MRL mice are characterized by abnormalities in Rho activity, cytoskeletal organization, and adhesiveness to extracellular matrix proteins
Authors: Longacre Angelika , Koh Jason S , Hsiao Kevin K-H , Gilligan Hannah , Fan Hanli , Patel Vimal A , Levine Jerrold S 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMacrophages (mφ) from prediseased mice of the major murine models of lupus have an identical defect in cytokine expression that is triggered by serum and/or apoptotic cells. It is striking that cytokine expression in the absence of serum and apoptotic cells is equivalent to that of nonautoimmune mice. Here, we show that mφ from prediseased lupus-prone MRL/MpJ (MRL/+) or MRL/MpJ-Tnfrsf6lpr (MRL/lpr) mice also have reversible abnormalities in morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and adhesive properties. In the presence of serum, MRL mφ adhered in increased numbers to a variety of extracellular matrix proteins compared with mφ from two nonautoimmune strains. However, in the absence of serum, adhesion by MRL mφ was similar to that of nonautoimmune mφ. Increased adhesion by MRL mφ was also observed in the presence of apoptotic, but not necrotic, cells. The morphology and actin-staining pattern of adherent MRL mφ were consistent with reduced activity of Rho, a cytoskeletal regulator. Indeed, MRL mφ cultured in the presence of serum had markedly decreased levels of active Rho compared with nonautoimmune mφ. It is remarkable that when cultured in the absence of serum, MRL mφ displayed normal Rho activity and cytoskeletal morphology. Addition of a Rho inhibitor to normal mφ reproduced the morphologic and cytoskeletal abnormalities observed in MRL mφ. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that mφ from MRL and other systemic lupus erythematosus-prone mice have an apoptotic, cell-dependent, autoimmune phenotype that affects a broad range of mφ functions, including cytokine gene expression and Rho-dependent cytoskeletal regulation.
Phosphatase inhibition potentiates IL-6 production by mast cells in response to FcɛRI-mediated activation: involvement of p38 MAPK
Authors: Boudreau Robert T M , Hoskin David W , Lin Tong-Jun 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMast cells are crucial effector cells in the immune response through mediator secretion and release of cytokines. A coordinated balance between protein kinases and phosphatases plays an essential role in the regulation of mast cell mediator secretion. We have previously shown that treatment of mast cells with okadaic acid (OA), a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor, results in a dose-dependent increase in interleukin (IL)-6 production. We show here for the first time a synergism between OA and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated IL-6 secretion by murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC). Selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibition reduces OA and IgE-mediated IL-6 production. Regulation of p38 MAPK by PP2A was demonstrated, as OA treatment caused a dose-dependent increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Antigen-mediated activation of murine mast cells also resulted in an increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which was potentiated by cotreatment of the cells with OA. Lastly, in two mast cell lines (human mast cell-1 5C6 and murine MC/9) and primary-cultured murine BMMC, we show by coimmunoprecipitation an interaction between p38 MAPK and PP2A. These data support a role for PP2A through interaction with p38 MAPK in the regulation of IgE-dependent mast cell activation.
Contribution of CD30/CD153 but not of CD27/CD70, CD134/OX40L, or CD137/4-1BBL to the optimal induction of protective immunity toMycobacterium avium
Authors: Flórido Manuela , Borges Margarida , Yagita Hideo , Appelberg Rui 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD27 ligand (CD70), CD30 ligand (CD153), CD134 ligand (OX40L), and CD137 ligand (4-1BBL) were screened in vivo for their ability to affect the control of Mycobacterium avium infection in C57Bl/6 mice. Only the blocking of CD153 led to increased mycobacterial burdens. We then used CD30-deficient mice and found an increase in the proliferation of two strains of M. avium in these mice as compared with control animals. The increased mycobacterial growth was associated with decreased T cell expansion and reduced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses as a result of reduced polarization of the antigen-specific, IFN-γ-producing T cells. At late times but not early in infection, the lymphoid cuff surrounding granulomas was depleted in the CD30-deficient animals. This report expands our knowledge about tumor necrosis factor superfamily members involved in the immune responses to mycobacterial infection by identifying CD30–CD153 interactions as required for optimal immune control of M. avium infection.
5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists for Prevention of Late Acute-Onset Emesis
Authors: Constenla Manuel 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVE To review the currently available literature on the efficacy of the 5–HT3 receptor antagonists in the prevention of late acute-onset chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (12–24 h after cytotoxic treatment). DATA SOURCES Primary articles were identified by PubMed search (performed in March 2004) and through secondary sources. Search terms included granisetron, ondansetron, tropisetron, dolasetron, acute, chemotherapy, nausea, and vomiting (a further search was performed for palonosetron in March 2004). STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All studies that performed regular assessments (every 2–6 h) of antiemetic control over the first 24 hours with 5–HT3 receptor antagonists were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS Current guidelines recommend the use of 5–HT3 receptor antagonists for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting but do not differentiate between the available agents. However, there is variability in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of these agents, and this has implications for dosing regimen, safety, efficacy, and potential drug—drug interactions. Cytotoxic agents vary in the time profile of their emetic effect; this must be considered when choosing an appropriate 5–HT3 receptor antagonist. The optimal agent should be simple to administer and provide safe and effective antiemetic protection over the whole 24–hour period. CONCLUSIONS The differences between the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have important consequences for their dosing and efficacy in the control of late acute-onset chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Treatment of Migraine Headaches with Sumatriptan in Pregnancy
Authors: Hilaire Michelle L , Cross L Brian , Eichner Samantha F 
Published: August 2004

OBJECTIVE To review the literature for treatment of migraine headaches with sumatriptan during pregnancy. DATA SOURCES Studies and reports were located in International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-September 2003) and MEDLINE (1966-week 3 September 2003). DATA SYNTHESIS Research has been performed to evaluate the risk of teratogenesis after sumatriptan exposure in pregnant patients. Data have been collected in areas including placental transmission of sumatriptan, prospective pregnancy registries, open-labeled and controlled prospective studies, and a retrospective prescription-linked study. As of August 6, 2004, no randomized controlled trials have been conducted with exposure to sumatriptan during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Teratogenesis occurs in approximately 150 000 births per year which represents an incidence of 3–5%. Available literature to date indicates that exposure to sumatriptan during pregnancy has no additional risk of birth defects compared with the incidence in the general population.
Motivating offenders to change in therapy: An organizing framework
Authors: McMurran Mary , Ward Tony 
Published: August 2004

Objectives. Motivating offenders to change in therapy is an important aspect of effective offender treatment, yet despite this, offenders' motivation to change has received little close attention in the academic and professional literature. This situation is a result of an over‐emphasis on the risk management model of rehabilitation, and a consequent failure to construe motivation within an overarching theory of offender rehabilitation.Method. We present a social cognitive model of offender motivation — the Good Lives Model (GLM) — that provides a framework for incorporating factors that have been shown to be of importance in enhancing offender motivation. This is based upon the notion that all humans strive to achieve primary goods that are intrinsically rewarding and essential to well‐being. Where offenders are concerned, criminogenic problems relate, not to the goods offenders seek, but to the way they seek them. Any treatment approach should take this into account and focus positively on equipping people with the skills required to achieve goals rather than simply look to manage risk. The motivational construct that we use here is that of goals. In the GLM, goals are the less abstract depictions of primary human goods and it is with these that people are typically engaged in their day‐to‐day activities and lives. Looking at therapeutic goal‐setting, methods and styles of therapy, and therapist approaches, we derive theoretically‐based key issues in motivating offenders to change in therapy.Conclusion. In conclusion, we present a summary of 12 strategies and techniques that will not only help practitioners enhance their therapeutic effectiveness, but hopefully also act as a catalyst in the development of research on offenders' motivation to change.
The use of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles with English young offenders
Authors: Palmer Emma J. , Hollin Clive R. 
Published: August 2004

Objectives. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) with a sample of imprisoned English young offenders.Method. The reliability and validity of the PICTS scales were investigated, and changes in scores on the PICTS scales over a 6‐month period were analysed.Results. The findings suggested that from a psychometric perspective the PICTS scales were not performing as well with young offenders as with adult prisoner samples. The indices of reliability and validity were of a moderate level. Test‐retest scores calculated over the 6 months showed little change on the PICTS scores.Conclusion. The use of the PICTS scales with young offenders is discussed with reference to previous research with adult offenders in England and North America.
Do court‐ and self‐referred domestic violence offenders share the same characteristics? A preliminary comparison of motivation to change, locus of control and anger
Authors: Bowen Erica , Gilchrist Elizabeth 
Published: August 2004

Objectives. The purpose of this research was to assess whether court‐ and self‐referred domestic violence offenders differ on levels of motivation to change, personal control and anger, and hence whether these two offender groups are distinct.Method. Thirty‐eight court‐referred and 14 self‐referred male domestic violence offenders completed three scales: URICA‐DV, Levenson Locus of Control and Novaco Anger Scale.Results. It was found that self‐referred men exhibited significantly higher levels of motivation to change, internal locus of control and anger in response to anger‐provoking situations than did court‐referred men.Conclusions. The results indicate that there may be fundamental differences between these two offender groups and question the suitability of combining these groups in offender treatment. Results are discussed in the context of treatment efficacy and outcome.
Minimizing extraneous, interviewer‐based interrogative suggestibility
Authors: Boon Julian C.W. , Baxter James S. 
Published: August 2004

Objectives. Previous work has established that interviewer demeanour can distort interviewee performance on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS). The present study assesses the effect of reducing interpersonal interaction in the GSS procedure. Interviewees' interrogative suggestibility (IS) scores obtained under four conditions were compared with established norms for the scales to identify the method most likely to reduce the effects of interpersonal factors when using the scales.Method. Participants were allocated at random to one of four conditions: (1) standard procedure but with questions in writing (Written Questions), (2) condition 1 procedure plus written answer (Written Questions: Written Answers), (3) condition 1 procedure but with written negative feedback (Written Questions: Written Feedback), and finally (4) condition 2 procedure but with written negative feedback (Written Questions: Written Answers: Written Feedback).Results. A key finding was that the procedure used in condition 4, in which verbal contact between interviewer and interviewee was least, produced GSS scores most closely approximating established norms for the GSS. GSS scores were higher in the other groups, although the differences between the GSS scores of conditions 4 and 2 were not significant.Conclusion. The findings suggest ways in which the effects of interviewer demeanour on IS may be reduced. The potential usefulness of adopting new procedures for administering the GSSs is discussed, as is the potential for developing a computerized format for the GSSs.
What Do We Think? Investigating the Attitudes and Life Goals of Young Offenders
Authors: Shears Gemma 
Published: August 2004

This study investigates whether life goals and attitudes differ between young offenders, those deemed at risk of turning to offending behaviour, and non-offenders. The article questions (as Matza does in his delinquency and drift theory (Brown, 1998, p. 24)) the notion that the delinquent can meaningfully be distinguished from the non-delinquent. By seeking to understand the various life goals and attitudes held by young offenders, particularly with regard to crime and delinquency, this study sought to investigate ‘the effect[s] of offending behaviour programmes in influencing those attitudes' (Youth Justice Board Review, 2000/01, p. 4). Findings from the present study mirrored those of Carroll, Hattie, Durkin, and Houghton (1997) in which differences between the three groups were noted in terms of the life goals to which the members ascribed. Particular support is lent to Carroll et al.'s findings that delinquent young people attach more importance to delinquency and freedom autonomy goals, goals associated with achieving a social image, whilst non-offenders attach more importance to educational and interpersonal goals, goals associated with achieving an academic image (Carroll, Houghton, & Baglioni, 2000; Carroll, Baglioni, Houghton, & Bramston, 1999; Carroll et al., 1997). Findings from the second stage of the study were limited as acknowledgement was made of the difficulties of relating any attitudinal and life goal changes to the specific programmes alone. In the view of this author future studies would benefit from the adoption of a longitudinal approach, including the use of life histories to provide a continual in-depth analysis of the life goals ascribed to by young offenders.
μ-Opioid Receptor Trafficking on Inhibitory Synapses in the Rat Brainstem
Authors: Browning Kirsteen N. , Kalyuzhny Alexander E. , Travagli R. Alberto 
Published: August 2004

Whole-cell recordings were made from identified gastric-projecting rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons. The amplitude of evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs) was unaffected by perfusion with met-enkephalin (ME) or by μ-, δ-, or κ-opioid receptor selective agonists, namelyd-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Glycol5-enkephalin (DAMGO), cyclic [d-Pen2-d-Pen5]-enkephalin, or trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrolytinil)-cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide methane sulfonate (U50,488), respectively. Brief incubation with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin or the nonhydrolysable cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP, thyrotropin releasing hormone, or cholecystokinin revealed the ability of ME and DAMGO to inhibit IPSC amplitude; this inhibition was prevented by pretreatment with the μ-opioid receptor (MOR1) selective antagonistd-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2. Conversely, incubation with the adenylate cyclase inhibitor dideoxyadenosine, with the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitorN-[2-(p-Bromocinnamyl-amino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H89), or with the Golgi-disturbing agent brefeldin A, blocked the ability of forskolin to facilitate the inhibitory actions of ME. Immunocytochemical experiments revealed that under control conditions, MOR1 immunoreactivity (MOR1-IR) was colocalized with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-IR in profiles apposing DMV neurons only after stimulation of the cAMP-PKA pathway. Pretreatment with H89 or brefeldin A or incubation at 4°C prevented the forskolin-mediated insertion of MOR1 on GAD-IR-positive profiles.These results suggest that the cAMP-PKA pathway regulates trafficking of μ-opioid receptors into the cell surface of GABAergic nerve terminals. By consequence, the inhibitory actions of opioid peptides in the dorsal vagal complex may depend on the state of activation of brainstem vagal circuits.
45,X/47,XXX/47,XX, del(Y)(p?)/46,XX mosaicism causing true hermaphroditism
Authors: Nieto Karem , Peña Rocío , Palma Icela , Dorantes Luis M. , Eraña Luis , Alvarez Rebeca , García‐Cavazos Ricardo , Kofman‐Alfaro Susana , Queipo Gloria 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSex differentiation in humans depends on the presence of the Y‐linked gene SRY, which is activated in the pre‐Sertoli cells of the developing gonadal primordium to trigger testicular differentiation. Occasionally testicular formation can take place in subjects lacking a Y chromosome resulting in a 46,XX sex reversal condition. True hermaphroditism (TH) is a rare form of intersexuality characterized by the presence of testicular and ovarian tissue in the same individual. Genetic heterogeneity has been proposed as a cause of dual gonadal development in some cases and recently, hidden mosaicism was reported to cause TH in some 46,XX SRY negative patients. Here we report a TH case in which hidden mosaicism for the Y and X chromosome was detected by PCR and FISH in peripheral blood and gonadal tissue, supporting the fact that mosaicism may cause TH and that molecular analysis of gonadal tissue should be performed in all 46,XX cases. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Addition of a peptide fragment on an α‐helical depsipeptide induces α/310‐conjugated helix: Synthesis, crystal structure, and CD spectra of Boc–Leu–Leu–Ala–(Leu–Leu–Lac)3–Leu–Leu–OEt
Authors: Oku Hiroyuki , Ohyama Takafumi , Hiroki Akihiro , Yamada Keiichi , Fukuyama Keiichi , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki , Katakai Ryoichi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe depsipeptide Boc1–Leu2–Leu3–Ala4–Leu5–Leu6–Lac7–Leu8–Leu9–Lac10–Leu11–Leu12–Lac13–Leu14–Leu15–OEt16 (1) (Boc = tert‐butyloxycarbonyl, Lac = L‐lactic acid residue) has been synthesized from the peptide Boc–Leu–Leu–Ala–OEt (2) and a depsipeptide, Boc–(Leu–Leu–Lac)3–Leu–Leu–OEt (3). Single crystals of 1 were successfully obtained and the structure has been solved by direct methods (such as Sir2002 and Shake‐and‐Bake). Interestingly, 1 adopts an α/310‐conjugated helix containing a kink at the junction of peptide and depsipeptide segments, Leu3–Lac7. This is significantly different from the conformation of 3, which has a straight α‐helical structure with standard ϕ and ψ angles. Microcrystalline CD spectra were also studied to compare structural properties of 1 and 3. The differences between α/310‐ and α‐helices appear in these CD spectra. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
A critical and integrated view of the yeast interactome
Authors: Cornell Michael , Paton Norman W. , Oliver Stephen G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractGlobal studies of protein–protein interactions are crucial to both elucidating gene function and producing an integrated view of the workings of living cells. High‐throughput studies of the yeast interactome have been performed using both genetic and biochemical screens. Despite their size, the overlap between these experimental datasets is very limited. This could be due to each approach sampling only a small fraction of the total interactome. Alternatively, a large proportion of the data from these screens may represent false‐positive interactions. We have used the Genome Information Management System (GIMS) to integrate interactome datasets with transcriptome and protein annotation data and have found significant evidence that the proportion of false‐positive results is high. Not all high‐throughput datasets are similarly contaminated, and the tandem affinity purification (TAP) approach appears to yield a high proportion of reliable interactions for which corroborating evidence is available. From our integrative analyses, we have generated a set of verified interactome data for yeast. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.