bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIX-14 Evaluation of Dried Bakery Product Composition Impact on Extruded Pet Food
Authors: Koulicoff Larissa A , Zhang Yunyi , Alavi Sajid , Shi Yong-Cheng , Kim Hee Seong S , Aldrich Charles G G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
New opportunities to upcycle co-products from the food industry into high-value pet food ingredients exist with ingredients such as dried bakery products (DBP), a granular coarse meal from heated and dried bakery products. It has yet to be reported for use in pet food. The objective of the study was to determine variations in the nutrient composition of DBP from various facilities in the US. The DBPs were collected from six production facilities on six dates of production (n = 36) and evaluated for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein, ether extract, total dietary fiber (TDF), gross energy (GE), minerals, and amino acids (Tables 1, 2 and 3). Results were statistically analyzed with location as a fixed effect and date as a replicate using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v9.4), with significant at P &lt; 0.05 using Tukey’s adjustment. Differences were observed in the DM, crude protein, ether extract, TDF, most minerals across locations. Crude protein content varied between 9.4 and 13.6%, crude fat content varied between 8.0 and 12.4%, and TDF content ranged from 6.9 to 20.7%, with the greatest proportion across all samples from insoluble dietary fiber range from 6.3% to 14.41%, and soluble fiber ranged from 0.56% to 13.03%. Ash content, gross energy level, copper and iron level did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among locations. These data suggest that DBP is a valuable ingredient but will need to be managed by location due to high variability among the manufacturing plants if used in modern pet food formulations. Future research will evaluate the effect of DBP inclusion in dog diets on palatability, digestibility, and stool consistency.
PSVIII-21 A Premium Dry Dog Food Elicits Gut Health Benefits Compared with a Grocery Dry Dog Food
Authors: Lin Ching-Yen , Daristotle Leighann , Franz Nolan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the pet humanization trend, pet parents are continuously seeking approaches to improve the health of their pets. Compared with grocery dog foods produced to meet the basic needs of the dog, premium dog foods include high-quality ingredients and functional benefits that can be more appealing to consumers. However, little research is available comparing health measures in dogs fed premium foods vs. basic grocery foods. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feeding a premium dog kibble diet (Blue Buffalo; BB) and a grocery dog kibble diet on digestibility, blood biomarkers, and fecal microbiome in healthy adult dogs. Sixty dogs (mean BW = 10.8 ± 2.0 kg; mean age = 8.2 ± 3.3 yr) were randomly selected to consume BB (n = 30) or the grocery diet (n = 30) for 180 days. On days 0, 90, and 180, fresh fecal samples were collected for fecal microbiome and dysbiosis index analysis and blood samples were collected for measurements of complete blood count, serum chemistry, and serum biomarkers. A separate 10-day digestibility study was conducted using 12 dogs (BB n = 6, grocery diet n = 6; mean BW = 12.0 ± 2.1 kg). Total fecal samples were collected from day 6 to day 10 for nutrient digestibility analysis. Protocols were approved by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee before the study. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS. Stool quality was not different (P &gt; 0.05) between diet groups. Both diets were highly digestible without dietary effects (P &gt; 0.05). All blood cell count and serum chemistry values were within the reference ranges. However, dogs fed the grocery diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) liver enzyme concentrations including alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and greater (P &lt; 0.05) monocyte counts compared with BB. Dogs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) serum pancreatic polypeptide when fed BB. A lower dysbiosis index (less dysbiotic microbiome) was observed in dogs consuming BB. Relative abundances of 23 bacterial genera were altered (P &lt; 0.05) by the diets, with greater abundances of Bifidobacterium and Megamonas and decreased abundance of Streptococcus observed in the BB group compared with the grocery diet group. These results suggest that premium dry dog food could potentially elicit a positive impact on blood parameters and GI health.
PSX-29 Lidobands for Use in Lambs
Authors: Ralston Brenda , Olson Merle , Allan Nick , Hanson Andrea , Ross Joe , Beaugrand Kendall , Schatz Crystal , Nagel Denis , Hammad Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo release concentrations of lidocaine into scrotal neck tissues and tail tissues following the application of lidocaine-loaded elastrator bands (LLBs) at acute time points (0.5, 1, 2, 24, and 72 hours) and chronic time points (14, 21, 28, and 35 days). To correlate the reaction of an animal to peripheral variable nerve stimulation with scrotal tissue lidocaine concentration. To correlate cortisol and substance P concentrations in treated animals at baseline (time 0) and 24, 72, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days to a control group. Fifty lambs were divided into ten groups consisting of Acute Pain Groups: Group A: 5 intact males. After baseline body weights, blood samples, and electro-cutaneous responses were collected, animals were band-castrated and tail-docked via LLBs on day 0, time (T) = 0. At T = 0.5 hr, the band was removed, and an electro-cutaneous response was measured at the tissue at the band sites. Punch tissue biopsies (including skin and subcutaneous tissue) were collected from the areas in direct contact with the band at each site for a total of 4 biopsies per animal. Group B: repeat of group A with the band removed and animal tested at T = 1 hr, Group C: T = 2 hr, Group D: T = 24 hr, Group E: T = 72 hr, Chronic Pain Groups: Group F: T = 14 d, Group G: T = 21 d, Group H: T = 28 d, Group I: T = 35 d, Control Group: Group J: repeat of group A except animals were band castrated and tail-docking with control bands (i.e., no lidocaine) on day 0. Body weight was recorded at T = 0 and 14, 21, and 28 d. A blood sample was collected at T = 0, 24, 72 hr, then T = 8, 21, 28, and 35 d. LLBs yielded decreased stimulation scores by 1 hr (60 min) post-banding with the tails and by 2 hr (120 min) for the scrotums. There were no adverse events or device failures (i.e., band breakage or failure to castrate/ tail-dock) observed during this study. Lidocaine-infused bands hold promise for reducing pain associated with castration and tail docking in lambs.
PSX-3 Animal Science for Non-Majors: Insights on the Relationship Between Student Background and Identity with Overall Course Experience
Authors: Dunlap Alice P Brandão Kathrin , Paudyal Sushil , Ramsey Shawn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how a diverse student cohort was influenced by a general introductory Animal Science course offered to non-majors (ANSC 107, General Animal Science) by the Texas A&M University Department of Animal Science. To achieve this goal, an online survey was offered to students upon course completion and received 270 responses, from a total of 634 enrolled students. Questions on the survey covered aspects of student identity, such as classification, major and self-perception regarding agricultural background. The survey also inquired students about the influence of the course on decision making regarding their future interest in pursuing other animal science-related courses. Respondents in the survey were enrolled in 38 different majors, which were grouped according to college and domain of study, yielding four major-areas: Business, Administration and Economics, (BUAD, n = 36); Agriculture and Life Sciences (AGLS, n = 48); Humanities and Arts, (HUMA, n = 94) and Biomedical Sciences (BIMS, n = 92). There was an effect of major-area (P &lt; 0.01) on perceived agricultural background. More students in AGLS self-identified as having an agricultural background compared with the ones in BIMS (P = 0.0059), who, in turn, also had greater self-perception of their agricultural background (P &lt; 0.0001) when compared with HUMA and BUAD (P = 0.73; 55.72 ± 5.77%; 35.91 ± 4.2%; 4.25 ± 4.38%; 2.38 ± 6.99%, respectively). A major-area effect was also detected for student self-evaluation of their agricultural background in a scale of 0 (weak) to 10 (strong), with AGLS students showing stronger background (5.81 ± 0.42; P &lt; 0.001) compared with BIMS, HUMA and BUAD (3.78 ± 0.30; 3.53 ± 0.32; 3.43 ± 0.51; respectively, P &gt; 0.54). There was a major-area effect on the overall course experience, which was rated by students on a scale from 0 (Negative) to 10 (Positive). Students in BIMS had a more positive experience compared students in AGLS and HUMA (P &lt; 0.04; 9.19 ± 0.19; 8.52 ± 0.26; 8.47 ± 0.20, respectively), but similar to the ones in BUAD (P = 0.38; 8.87 ± 0.32). Major-area also influenced interest of students in animal science based on the course, with students in AGLS, BIMS and BUAD rating their future interest in animal science greater than students in HUMA (P &lt; 0.03, 7.95 ± 0.35; 7.93 ± 0.25; 7.77 ± 0.42; 6.65 ± 0.26, respectively). These results support that student background and perceived self-identity have a significant impact on their experiences in higher education, which is especially relevant for educators in the area of agriculture and animal science.
PSX-7 Determination of Tryptophan Requirements of Adult and Senior Labrador Retrievers Using the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique
Authors: Dickerson Sarah M , Timlin Claire , Fowler Jason , Graham April , Fischer Danielle , Coon Craig N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nutritional requirements vary across the life stages of canines, and the consumer demand for advanced diets that meet the age-appropriate needs of their pets has steadily increased. Availability of veterinary care and high-quality nutrition has led to a longer average lifespan in companion animals, and although senior dogs represent a significant proportion of the pet population, few studies have targeted the specific amino acid requirements of the aging canine. In this study, the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique was used to compare the tryptophan (Trp) requirements of young adult and senior Labrador retrievers. After 2-day adaptation to Trp-adequate basal diet (Trp = 0.256% dry matter), dogs underwent individual IAOO studies. In brief, all dogs were randomly fed one of six test diets with varying levels of tryptophan ranging from deficient to sufficient (final Trp content in experimental diets was 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.224, 0.25 and 0.256% dry matter). Test diet was divided into 13 equal meals; at the 5th meal, a tracer amino acid was supplied (a bolus L-[1-13C] Phe based on body weight was first given, followed by [1-13C] Phe doses every thirty minutes spanning a four-hour period), and breath samples were collected via respiration mask every 30 minutes. Total production of 13CO2 during isotopic steady state was determined by enrichment of 13CO2 in breath samples and total CO2 production measured via indirect calorimetry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Results for IRMS were converted to atom percent excess (APE) and analyzed using segmented linear regression. The Four Rivers mean and population requirements for tryptophan were 377.7 ± 31.9 mg/1,000 kcal ME (mean ± 2SD) in the young adults and 362.9 ± 31.5 mg/1,000 kcal ME for senior dogs, which are greater than the currently recommended amounts by NRC and AAFCO. As the pet food industry offers more specialized diets for aging canines, updating the amino acid requirements for such animals is increasingly important.
PSX-14 Effects of Forage and Grain-Based Finishing Diets on Fatty Acid Profile of Angus Steers Backgrounded Either in a Moderate Or in a High Plane of Nutrition
Authors: Gamage Nadini Haththotuwe , Giotto Francine , Fonseca Mozart A , de Mello Amilton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile of beef backgrounded in two planes of nutrition and finished with forage-only or corn. Steers (n = 24) weighing approximately 298.63 ± 10.19 kg were randomly backgrounded in Triticale (100% DM; Moderate n = 12) and alfalfa (85% DM) and beardless wheat (15% DM; High, n = 12), blocked, and finished with forage-only (FORAGE – Alfalfa with 21% CP, 100% DM, n = 12) or with a grain-based diet (GRAIN - Alfalfa with 16% CP, 80% DM and Corn, 20% DM, n = 12). The feeding trial lasted 220 days (85 d backgrounding, 30 d finishing diet adaptation, and 105 d finishing). The fatty acid profile of strip loin steaks (m. longissimus lumborum) was assessed, and data were analyzed as a 2x2 factorial. Overall, no interaction effect between plane of nutrition and finishing diet was observed for individual or group of fatty acids. Minimal effects were observed for plane of nutrition. Steaks from steers backgrounded in Moderate had greater concentrations of C14:1T n-5 (P = 0.04) and C18:1TΔ n-9 (P = 0.04) when compared with steaks from steers backgrounded in High. Beef from steers finished with FORAGE showed higher concentrations of C10:0 (P = 0.01), C14:1T n-5 (P &lt; 0.0001), C15:0 (P = 0.003), C16:0 (P = 0 .001), C16:1T n-7 (P &lt; 0.0001), C17:0 (P = 0.001), C18:0 (P = 0.0002), C18:1TΔ n-9 (P = 0.0003), C18:2T n-6 (P = 0.005), C20:1 n-12 (P &lt; 0.0001), C18:3 n-3 (P = 0.0003), 18:2 CLA t10c12 (P &lt; 0.0001), C22:1 n-9 (P = 0.02), C22:2 n-6 (P = 0.001), and C22:5 n-3 (P = 0.02) when compared with beef from steers fed GRAIN. Beef fed GRAIN, had greater concentrations of C16:1 n-7 (P = 0.001), C18:1 n-9 (P = 0.004), C18:1Δ n-11 (P &lt; 0.0001) and C18:2 n-6 (P = 0.02) when compared with beef fed FORAGE. Overall, backgrounding steers in moderate and high planes of nutrition does not affect the fatty acid profile of beef. Beef fed with FORAGE has higher total Omega 3 (P = 0.05), total Saturated (P &lt; 0.0001), and total Trans fatty acids (P &lt; 0.0001) when compared with beef fed GRAIN. GRAIN-fed beef has total Monounsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.0002) and higher Omega6:Omega3 (P = 0.0003). Regarding health indexes, based on its fatty acid profile, FORAGE-fed beef had Atherogenicity (P = 0.01) and Thrombogenicity indexes (P = 0.0001) when compared with beef fed GRAIN (Table 1).
PSXIII-26 Investigating the Genetic Background of Juniper Consumption in Goats
Authors: Mulim Henrique A , Walker John , Waldron Daniel F , Quadros Danilo , Benfica Lorena F , de Carvalho Felipe Egute , Brito Luiz F F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Junipers (Juniperus spp.) are woody invasive plants that have caused encroachment problems in the U.S. western rangeland, decreasing forage productivity and biodiversity. A potential solution to this issue is the use of goats in target grazing programs. Selecting goats for juniper consumption is of great interest to rangeland farmers. Therefore, our main objectives were to 1) estimate genetic parameters, including heritability and repeatability, for juniper consumption in Angora (ANG) and Boer x Spanish (BxS) composite population of goats grazing on West Texas rangelands (USA); and, 2) perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with juniper consumption. Fecal samples were collected multiple times between 2008 and 2017 and analyzed using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the percentage of juniper in the diet of goats, using calibration equations previously developed in controlled studies. We analyzed a dataset comprising 2,327 records from 459 ANG and 8,714 records from 1,996 BxS. The pedigree file included 1,601 and 2,426 ANG and BxS goats, respectively. Genomic information for 50,957 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 93 ANG and 238 BxS goats was included in the analyses. Sampling date and sex were fitted as categorical fixed effects and age as a linear covariate in the statistical models. Animal direct additive genetic and permanent environment were considered as random effects. Genetic parameters were calculated based on the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method under the single-step genomic BLUP procedure implemented in the BLUPf90+ family of programs. We used de-regressed estimated breeding values and whole-genome sequence data for the GWAS analyses with 8 million SNP for the ANG and 5.3 million SNP for the BxS. The software GCTA was employed for these analyses. Juniper percentage in their diets varied across the years and ranged from 2.14% (± 7.51%) to 14.6% (± 11.0%) for ANG and from 10.5% (± 14.7) to 33.8% (± 18.1) for the BxS population. The heritability estimate for juniper consumption was 0.19 (± 0.038) for ANG and 0.28 (± 0.022) for BxS, indicating that juniper consumption can be increased through selection. The repeatability values were 0.21 for ANG and 0.37 for BxS. The GWAS revealed 1,257 significant SNP located within or close to 220 genes in ANG, and 878 SNP related to 159 genes in BxS, suggesting their association with juniper consumption. These findings suggest that juniper consumption is under genetic control and has a polygenic inheritance pattern influenced by multiple genes of small effect. The heritability and repeatability estimates indicate that genetic improvement of juniper consumption is feasible in both goat populations.
PSXIV-6 Comparison of Changes in Snp Effects and Gebv Using Different Training Populations in Simulated Data
Authors: Dutta Gaurav , Santana Bruna , Ampofo Issabelle , Curutchet Agustin , Riser Molly M , Fragomeni Breno O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies using SNPs aim to capture QTL effects across the genome. However, the results of GWAS vary across studies, even when traits and populations are similar. Fluctuation in estimating SNP effects and variances can be caused by several biological factors such as selection, genetic architecture of trait, and population stratification, and by nonbiological factors, such as method and inflation of the predictor error for SNP effects. The current study aims to compare changes in SNP effects and GEBVs using different training populations. A simulation study was conducted using data from 20,000 individuals generated in the AlphaSimR package in R. Data for a trait with 10 chromosomes were simulated, and linkage disequilibrium was created by random crossing across 1,000 generations. The trait genetic architecture was controlled by 100 loci on each chromosome, accounting for 100% of the genetic variation. Pedigree, phenotypes, and genotypes for all individuals in the population were created, but phenotypes for individuals in the last generation were masked for validation purposes. The training population was then divided into three types comprising all, only odd, and only even animals. Genomic breeding values (GEBV) were estimated using the genomic information by single-step GBLUP. SNP effects and variance were calculated by back-solving the GEBVs. The correlation between all and odd populations was 0.83, all and even populations was 0.81, and odd and even populations were 0.40. Correlations for all 50k SNP effects between all and odd population was 0.75, the all and even population was 0.75, and the odd and even populations was 0.20. Changing the training population data by half led to small changes in accuracy. However, SNP effects fluctuated across populations more than GEBVs. Visual inspection of Manhattan plots showed that the peak regions varied with the training population used. The top regions were more stable and experienced fewer fluctuations, while the intermediate regions varied more often. The largest differences were between the odd and even scenarios. The regions explaining more variance were not the same, and the variations were greater when less data were used for training (odd and even). Overall, the fluctuations in SNP effects in GWAS highlight the complexity of genetic influences on traits, and how sensitive those studies are to small changes in the data. Understanding the factors that contribute to GWAS fluctuations may help improve the design and interpretation of such studies. We expect to derive a novel tool that uses the fluctuations of SNP effects to leverage QTL discovery.
PSVII-19 Evaluation of Live and Carcass Performance of Holstein Steers Fed Lubabegron During the Finishing Period
Authors: Wagner Reagan , Hays Tayler , Horton Taylor , Kayser William , Rincker Phillip , Woerner Dale R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of duration of lubabegron supplementation on live and carcass performance of Holstein steers. Holstein steers (n = 330) were enrolled in a feeding program supplementing lubabegron daily into a total mixed ration (TMR) at 3.2 g/ton for 0 (control) 28, 56, or 84 d. Steers were stratified by initial body weight (BW = 538 ± 37 kg) and then randomly assigned to treatments and pens. There were 8 pens total with approximately 40 head per pen. A GrowSafe feed intake recording system was used for the duration of the study to collect daily feed intake and feeding behavior on individual animals. Samples of premix were taken weekly for treatments to ensure nutrient requirements were being met and lubabegron concentration was accurate. Prior to departure from the feedlot and immediately upon arrival at the harvest facility, mobility of all animals was assessed. Individual IDs were matched with carcass identification and used throughout the harvest process to ensure the integrity of individual data. Carcasses were chilled for 48 hours and then went through USDA quality and yield grading protocols. Cattle fed lubabegron for 28 and 56 d had the greatest (P ≤ 0.01) average daily gain, total gain, as well as the least feed to gain ratio (P = 0.01) as compared with control steers and those fed lubabegron for 84 d. Conversely, control steers had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio. No differences (P ≥ 0.08) were observed between supplementation time for initial body weight, final body weight, and dry matter intake. Additionally, mobility scores were not different among supplementation protocols, neither at the feed yard, nor the harvest facility (P ≥ 0.64). Steers within the 28 d and 56 d treatments had among the greatest (P = 0.02) hot carcass weight. Ribeye area was increased (P = 0.01) by at least 3.87 cm2, when the cattle were fed lubabegron for any period of time. Cattle fed lubabegron for 56 and 84 d had an increased (P = 0.01) dressing percentage compared with 28 d and controls. While overall marbling scores were decreased (P = 0.04), the percentage of carcasses receiving USDA Prime, Choice, or Select quality grades were not different for animals receiving supplementation (P ≥ 0.31). The data suggest that lubabegron can positively influence live growth attributes; thus, translating to increased carcass yield, without sacrificing animal mobility or carcass quality.