bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optically Readable Multilevel Magnetic Memory States in Perpendicularly Exchange‐Biased Ferromagnetic Multilayers
Authors: Kim Jeongjun , Kim Han Gyeol , Dho Joonghoe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe construction of multilevel magnetic states using materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) offers a novel approach to enhancing the storage density and read/write efficiency of nonvolatile magnetic memory devices. In this study, optically readable multilevel magnetic domain states are achieved by inducing asymmetric interlayer interactions and decoupling the magnetic reversal behavior of individual ferromagnetic (FM) layers in exchange‐biased FM multilayers with PMA. Hepta‐level magnetic domain states are formed in [Co/Pt]n FM multilayers grown on an antiferromagnetic Fe2O3 layer within a relatively low magnetic field range of ∼±400 Oe. Raising and lowering operations between states are demonstrated to be achievable, enabling the writing of new information without the need for initialization in multilevel magnetic memory applications. This design concept, leveraging multilevel magnetic domain states and facilitating noncontact optical reading of stored information, demonstrates the potential to enhance the storage density of nonvolatile magnetic memory devices as it eliminates the need for electrical circuits typically required in other resistive memory technologies.
Minimizing Zn Loss Through Dual Regulation for Reversible Zinc Anode Beyond 90% Utilization Ratio
Authors: Zhu Yue , Li Haoyu , Sun Xinyi , Chen Aoyuan , Hou Ruilin , He Ping , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLarge‐scale energy storage devices experience explosive development in response to the increasing energy crisis. Zinc ion batteries featuring low cost, high safe, and environment friendly are considered promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, their practical application suffers from the limited anode lifespan under a high zinc utilization ratio, which can be attributed to aggravated Zn loss caused by zinc conversion reactions and “dead” Zn. Herein, n‐propyl alcohol is reported to stabilize the Zn anode under the high depth of discharge through dual regulation of water activity inhibition and zinc‐ion plating regulation. The modified electrolyte exhibits a 76.43% cut in corrosion current benefited from low water activity and benefits SEI surface. The “dead” Zn content is also reduced by 26 times as a result of dendrite‐free zinc ion plating. Thus, the highly reversible zinc plating/stripping with 99.62% CE is achieved for ≈3600 cycles. Moreover, the lifespan of Zn/Zn cells is greatly increased even under a high depth of discharge (310 h, 90%DOD and 120 h, 95.18% DOD). In Zn/NH4V4O10 full cells, the improved anode reversibility enables a remarkable capacity retention of 92.16% after 400 cycles with a low N/P ratio of 2.5.
Recent Advances in the Design and Application of Asymmetric Carbon‐Based Materials
Authors: Cui Chenqi , Ma Haoxuan , Du Juan , Xie Lei , Chen Aibing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAsymmetric carbon‐based materials (ACBMs) have received significant attention in scientific research due to their unique structures and properties. Through the introduction of heterogeneous atoms and the construction of asymmetric ordered/disordered structures, ACBMs are optimized in terms of electrical conductivity, pore structure, and chemical composition and exhibit multiple properties such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, optical characteristics, and magnetic behavior. Here, the recent research progress of ACBMs is reviewed, focusing on the potential of these materials for electrochemical, catalysis, and biomedical applications and their unique advantages over conventional symmetric carbon‐based materials. Meanwhile, a variety of construction strategies of asymmetric structures, including template method, nanoemulsion assembly method, and self‐assembly method, are described in detail. In addition, the contradictions between material synthesis and application are pointed out, such as the limitations of synthesis methods and morphology modulation means, as well as the trade‐off between property improvement and production costs. Finally, the future development path of ACBMs is envisioned, emphasizing the importance of the close integration of theory and practice, and looking forward to promoting the research and development of a new generation of high‐performance materials through the in‐depth understanding of the design principles and action mechanisms of ACBMs.
Chemo‐Mechanical Due‐Biomimetic Approach for Ultra‐Stable Adsorption Across Multiple Scenarios
Authors: Xu Jin , Lu Luo , Cong Qian , Zhang Wei , Zhao Tiancong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe unique adhesion capabilities of soft‐bodied creatures such as leeches and octopuses have provided considerable inspiration for the development of artificial adhesive materials. However, previous studies have either focused on the design of sucker structures or concentrated on the synthesis of adhesive materials, with the combination of these two aspects not yet having been deeply investigated. In this study, inspired from leech's unique adsorption ability, a biomimetic approach is proposed that combined artificial sucker and mucus, to achieve remarkable adhesion stability on rough surfaces using 5 cm diameter silicone suction cups. Even on 40‐mesh substrates, the mucus‐coated suction cups maintained over 95% of their adhesion force compared to smooth surfaces. The formation of a liquid seal by the mucus at the suction cup edges effectively prevented gas leakage on rough substrates, thus ensuring stable adhesion. This experiments across various scenarios and real‐world objects substantiated the stability and versatility of this strategy. In summary, a straightforward method is presented for achieving reliable adhesion with centimeter‐scale suction cups, thereby unveiling new avenues for the development of commercially viable adhesion devices.
Activation energy aspects on the chemically reactive flow of a ternary nanofluid due to a deforming cone: A Galerkin finite element approach
Authors: R Naveen Kumar , B Shilpa , Patel Pinank , Kedia Navin , Abdulrahman Amal , Prakash Chander 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis research examines the influence of heat source/sink and activation energy on the ternary nanoliquid flow due to the rotating cone with the wall‐deforming boundary circumstances in porous media. The suspension of the differently shaped nanoparticles in the base liquid is also considered in the modelling. The development of the boundary layer structure may be determined by analysing von Karman's classic deformable revolving disk flow. Therefore, the engineering community can easily identify the significant physical characteristics of a cone with a certain apex angle by using a multiplication factor associated with the deformable spinning disk flow. The governing partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity variables. The obtained equations are numerically solved using the Galerkin finite element technique. Graphical depictions illustrate the impact of various dimensionless factors on different profiles. The influence of the deformation‐to‐rotation ratio on fluid velocity profiles is shown for both stretching and shrinking scenarios. As the heat source/sink parameter values increase, the temperature rises. The concentration profile decays for the chemical reaction parameter and intensifies for the activation energy parameter.
Analytical simulation for couple stress Williamson nanofluid flow and heat transfer towards a shrinking surface with slip and viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Rehman Ali , Khun Ma Chau , Inc Mustafa , Chou Dean , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis research work simulates analytically the flow and heat transfer properties of a couple stress Williamson nanofluid (WN) across a shrinking surface, accounting for the effects of slip and viscous dissipation. The Williamson and couple stress fluid model, using blood as the base fluid, tackles non‐Newtonian behavior. When there are slip conditions at the boundary, they change the velocity profile. Titanium dioxide and silver are used as nanoparticles, and blood is used as a base fluid for the formation of two different nanofluids. The study also looks at the role of viscous dissipation, which changes mechanical energy into thermal energy and adds to the energy equation. We use the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to analytically solve the governing nonlinear PDEs, which similarity transformations have converted into nonlinear ODEs. We thoroughly examine the effects of significant parameters, such as the couple stress parameter, Williamson fluid parameter, slip length, nanoparticle volume friction, and Eckert number (EN), on the temperature and velocity fields (VF). The results show how these factors interact in complex ways, giving us new ways to think about controlling and managing the heat of non‐Newtonian nanofluid flows in engineering settings.
Approaching Interoperability and Data-Related Processing Issues in a Human-Centric Industrial Scenario
Authors: Syed Danish Abbas , Quadrini Walter , Rahmani Choubeh Nima , Pinzone Marta , Gusmeroli Sergio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Industry 4.0 industrial automation paradigm and the related new Operator 4.0 role and pool of competencies are playing a critical role in bringing forth the Digital Transformation to manufacturing industry and SMEs in particular. The human-centric aspect of Industry 4.0 in combination with resilience, sustainability and circularity of manufacturing processes is gaining wider acceptance in Europe and across the globe while the transition towards Industry 5.0 starts to gain momentum as well as the integration of human centric solutions in Industry 4.0 automation systems. The current work uses a three-pronged approach to wearable sensors integrated with existing Industry 4.0 automation systems, by addressing sensor heterogeneity, data interoperability and network latency issues under the umbrella of a single unified and harmonised solution. Such a solution is realised in a realistic industrial scenario showcasing adaptive Human-Robot collaboration and leverages open-source software and open reference architectures.
Ensemble Counterfactual Explanations for Churn Analysis
Authors: Tonati Samuele , Di Vece Marzio , Pellungrini Roberto , Giannotti Fosca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Counterfactual explanations play a crucial role in interpreting and understanding the decision-making process of complex machine learning models, offering insights into why a particular prediction was made and how it could be altered. However, individual counterfactual explanations generated by different methods may vary significantly in terms of their quality, diversity, and coherence to the black-box prediction. This is especially important in financial applications such as churn analysis, where customer retention officers could explore different approaches and solutions with the clients to prevent churning. The officer’s capability to modify and explore different explanations is pivotal to his ability to provide feasible solutions. To address this challenge, we propose an evaluation framework through the implementation of an ensemble approach that combines state-of-the-art counterfactual generation methods and a linear combination score of desired properties to select the most appropriate explanation. We conduct our experiments on three publicly available churn datasets in different domains. Our experimental results demonstrate that the ensemble of counterfactual explanations provides more diverse and comprehensive insights into model behavior compared to individual methods alone that suffer from specific weaknesses. By aggregating, evaluating, and selecting multiple explanations, our approach enhances the diversity of the explanation, highlights common patterns, and mitigates the limitations of any single method, offering to the user the ability to tweak the explanation properties to their needs.
ETIA: Towards an Automated Causal Discovery Pipeline
Authors: Biza Konstantina , Ntroumpogiannis Antonios , Triantafillou Sofia , Tsamardinos Ioannis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce the concept of Automated Causal Discovery (AutoCD), defined as any system that aims to fully automate the application of causal discovery and causal reasoning methods. AutoCD’s goal is to deliver all causal information that an expert human analyst would provide and answer user’s causal queries. To this goal, we introduce ETIA, a system that performs dimensionality reduction, causal structure learning, and causal reasoning. We present the architecture of ETIA, benchmark its performance on synthetic data sets, and present a use case example. The system is general and can be applied to a plethora of causal discovery problems.
Software and Data
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter first outlines why software and data are relevant to consider when developing safety-critical applications and which requirements need to be considered in this context. We consider both the software that companies buy and the software they develop themselves, but also pay attention to the software already present within the hardware that is in use. The chapter also provides a section on data, pointing out some key aspects relevant to consider in the context of developing AI and safety-critical systems.
Developmental basis of natural tooth shape variation in cichlid fishes
Authors: Bloomquist Ryan F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While most dentate non-mammalian vertebrates possess simple conical teeth, some demonstrate complex tooth shapes. Lake Malawi cichlid fishes are an extreme example of this, exhibiting a myriad of tooth shapes driven by an ecologically derived rapid evolution of closely related but distinct species. Tooth shape in mammals is generally considered to be established by signaling centers called primary and secondary enamel knots, which are not believed to be present in non-mammalian vertebrates. In this study, signaling centers of gene expression with epithelial folding with similar molecular patterns to that of mammalian enamel knots are identified, and differences of asymmetric gene expression are identified between fish that possess species specific polymorphisms of either bicuspid or tricuspid teeth. Gene expression is then manipulated indirectly using a small molecule inhibitor of the Notch pathway, resulting in phenotypical aberrations of tooth shape and patterning, including a mimic of a tricuspid tooth in a fish with a naturally occurring bicuspid dentition. This study provides insight into the evolutionary origins of tooth shape and advances our knowledge of the molecular determinants of dental morphology with translational utility in regenerative dentistry.
100 years Cell and Tissue Research: the founders and their successors
Authors: Unsicker Klaus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One hundred years ago, Cell and Tissue Research was founded under the title “Zeitschrift für Zellen- und Gewebelehre,” later “Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie.” The founders were four eminent German and Swiss cell biologists and zoologists, R. Goldschmidt, W. von Möllendorff, H. Bauer, and J. Seiler.
Comparison of software-assisted and freehand methods of rotational assessment for diaphyseal tibia fractures
Authors: Blough Christian , Huang Kevin , Raszka Samuel , Shah Sapan , Garlich John , Moon Charles , Marecek Geoffrey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Accurate rotational reduction following tibial shaft fracture fixation is absent in up to 36% of cases yet may be critical for lower extremity biomechanics. The objective of this cadaveric study was to compare the results of freehand methods of reduction with software-assisted reduction.

Methods
Four fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons attempted rotational correction in a cadaveric model with fluoroscopic assistance (without radiographic visualization of the fracture site) using (1) their method of choice (MoC) and (2) software assistance (SA). After correction, deviation from baseline rotation was calculated.

Results
The mean difference between the two methods (MoC–SA) was − 0.2° which was not statistically significant. There was no difference in variability between methods. The rate of clinically relevant rotational deformity (> 15°) was 28% using MoC and 31% using SA.

Conclusion
Rotational assessment of diaphyseal tibia fractures in this cadaveric model was not significantly different when compared between method of choice and software augmentation.
Stabilizing Decomposition of Multiparameter Persistence Modules
Authors: Bjerkevik Håvard Bakke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While decomposition of one-parameter persistence modules behaves nicely, as demonstrated by the algebraic stability theorem, decomposition of multiparameter modules is known to be unstable in a certain precise sense. Until now, it has not been clear that there is any way to get around this and build a meaningful stability theory for multiparameter module decomposition. We introduce new tools, in particular

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

-refinements and

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

-erosion neighborhoods, to start building such a theory. We then define the

$$\epsilon $$

ϵ

-pruning of a module, which is a new invariant acting like a “refined barcode” that shows great promise to extract features from a module by approximately decomposing it. Our main theorem can be interpreted as a generalization of the algebraic stability theorem to multiparameter modules up to a factor of 2r, where r is the maximal pointwise dimension of one of the modules. Furthermore, we show that the factor 2r is close to optimal. Finally, we discuss the possibility of strengthening the stability theorem for modules that decompose into pointwise low-dimensional summands, and pose a conjecture phrased purely in terms of basic linear algebra and graph theory that seems to capture the difficulty of doing this. We also show that this conjecture is relevant for other areas of multipersistence, like the computational complexity of approximating the interleaving distance, and recent applications of relative homological algebra to multipersistence.
The NBD-Dirichlet model for Italian sparkling wines: understanding competitive relationships among brands
Authors: Bassi Francesca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The NBD-Dirichlet model is applied to describe the Italian market of sparkling wines by means of repeated purchases recorded by a sample of families over two years. Sparkling wine is a convenience good with a moderate level of involvement, high frequency of purchase and low perceived differentiation. The Italian market of sparkling wine is characterized by a large number of brands proposing similar products offered in supermarkets. This very large assortment represents a very particular situation, both in terms of sales strategies and consumer purchasing behavior. This specific type of market can be well represented by the NBD-Dirichlet model to obtain analyses that explain the competitive dynamics among brands and their relative performance. Results of model estimation identified at least three groups of brands with different positioning in the market. Managerial implications of these results are linked to the possibility for each single brand to compare actual performance with that estimated by the model and with competitors belonging to the same segment.
Assessing the Image Quality of Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs from Chest CT
Authors: Paalvast Olivier T. , Hertgers Omar , Sevenster Merlijn , Lamb Hildo J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rising computed tomography (CT) workloads require more efficient image interpretation methods. Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), generated from CT data, may enhance workflow efficiency by enabling faster radiological assessments. Various techniques exist for generating DRRs. We conducted a pilot study to explore which DRR technique best approaches the image quality of chest X-Rays (CXR). We quantitatively and qualitatively compared four DRR techniques. A retrospective convenience sample of 217 patients who underwent both ultra-low-dose (ULD) chest CT and CXR was used. Four DRRs were generated per ULDCT, and CheXNet, a neural network trained to detect 14 diseases, was applied to CXRs and DRRs to compute area under the curve (AUC) scores. For qualitative assessment, six radiologists rated the image quality of the four DRRs generated from six ULDCTs on a Likert scale from 1 to 6 (‘not diagnostic quality’ to ‘diagnostic quality’) and provided feedback, which was analysed using inductive category development. CheXNet’s AUC for CXRs was 0.80, while DRR techniques ranged from 0.75 to 0.82 (p > 0.26). Radiologists rated the diagnostic quality of the DRRs between 3.0 and 3.5 on average. The SoftMip technique scored highest in both the quantitative (AUC = 0.82) and the qualitative (score = 3.5) evaluation. DRRs showed comparable disease detection performance to CXRs, suggesting non-inferiority. However, radiologists expressed concerns about DRR image quality, particularly in terms of resolution, noise, and overall look-and-feel. Addressing these limitations with advanced techniques may further align DRRs with the diagnostic standards of CXRs.
Patterns of Social Support and LGBTQ + Community Involvement Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Australia and Their Effect on HIV-Related Outcomes: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Chan Curtis , Bavinton Benjamin R. , Wong Horas T. H. , Rule John , Nguyen Loc , Spencer Steven , Holt Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Peer support from social networks of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) has been recognised as a critical driver of engagement with HIV prevention. Using data from an online cross-sectional survey of 1,032 GBMSM aged 18 or over in Australia, a latent class analysis was conducted to categorise participants based on social support, LGBTQ + community involvement, and social engagement with gay men and LGBTQ + people. Comparisons between classes were assessed using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. Participants were allocated into four classes: ‘Gay men focused’ (n = 293, 28.4%) with high levels of support from gay men, ‘High and diverse’ (n = 75, 7.3%) with high support from people with a range of gender and sexual identities, ‘Moderate overall’ (n = 177, 17.2%) who reported some support from all sources, and ‘Low overall’ (n = 487, 47.2%) who had low support. Lifetime HIV testing was lower in the ‘Low overall’ (78.0%) and ‘Moderate overall’ (81.9%) classes compared to the ‘Gay men focused’ (96.9%) and ‘High and diverse’ (93.3%) groups. Among non-HIV-positive participants (n = 971), lifetime PrEP use was lower in the ‘Low overall’ (28.9%) than the ‘Gay men focused’ group (56.2%) but similar in the ‘High and diverse’ (59.7%) and ‘Moderate overall’ (37.5%) groups. Greater levels of social engagement with gay men and LGBTQ + people were associated with higher levels of HIV testing and PrEP use. Interventions are needed to reach GBM who are less engaged with GBMSM networks or LGBTQ + communities.