bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal steroid therapy before 33 weeks' gestation
Authors: Silver R.K. , MacGregor S.N. , Farrell E.E. , Sholl J.S. , Hobart E.D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine those factors influencing contemporary antenatal steroid use in pregnancies delivered prior to 33 weeks of gestation. METHOD: We analyzed the clinical circumstances of 86 consecutive patients who delivered prior to 33 weeks of gestation and compared the 20 women who received dexamethasone prior to delivery with the remaining 66 untreated cases. RESULT: Known risk factors for preterm delivery (e.g. prior preterm birth, n = 17; prior admission and tocolysis during the index pregnancy, n = 15) did not discriminate between treated and untreated subsets. Premature membrane rupture (3/20 vs. 34/66; P < 0.01) and documented preterm labor (1/20 vs. 23/66 P < 0.01) were more common in the untreated cohort and a shorter mean interval from admission to delivery was also observed (2.8 vs 11.2 days). However, a full course of steroids would have been possible in 22/66 untreated women, since delivery was delayed for at least 36 h in these patients. CONCLUSION: These observations reflect the fact that many preterm births cannot be anticipated, even among hospitalized patients. We would therefore suggest that universal steroid treatment be considered for all women with documented preterm labor prior to 33 weeks of gestation. Initiation of steroid therapy at the referral center, (prior to maternal transport) should also be considered. Since both premature membrane rupture and early gestational age (24–28 weeks') confounded many of these cases, steroid use in patients with these circumstances should be reevaluated.
Cytidine deaminase activity in abnormal pregnancy
Authors: Okamura T. , Kigasawa K. , Takeuchi T. , Ohta C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of cytidine deaminase (CTD) activity in the prediction of abnormal pregnancy and the prognosis of fetal outcome. METHOD: The CTD activities in 367 pregnant women and 17 placentas and their cord sera were determined. The CTD activity was estimated to determine the amount of ammonia liberated during conversion of cytidine into uridine. The Kruskal‐Wallis test and paired t‐test were employed for statistical comparisons. RESULT: The placentas contained extremely high levels of CTD activity, but the cord serum did not. The mean value of CTD activity in abnormal pregnancy women was significantly higher than in normal pregnancy women. The two cases with a CTD activity of 40 U or more had the worst infant prognosis. CONCLUSION: The CTD activity in abnormal pregnancies was excessively elevated due to a damaged placenta under progressive deterioration. This CTD assay was simple and had predictive value for the prognosis of an infant of an abnormal pregnancy.
A comparison of the nonstress test, oxytocin challenge test, Doppler velocimetry and biophysical profile in predicting umbilical vein pH in growth‐retarded fetuses
Authors: Shalev E. , Zalel Y. , Weiner E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To examine and compare the value of the nonstress test (NST), oxytocin challenge test (OCT), Doppler velocimetry (S/D ratio), and biophysical profile (BPP) in predicting fetal acidosis. METHOD: NST, OCT, S/D ratio and BPP were performed in 23 pregnancies with growth‐retarded fetuses. The value of each parameter in predicting fetal acidosis (umbilical vein pH obtained by cordocentesis) was examined. Result: The NST, OCT and BPP were found to have the same positive predictive value of 57.1% in predicting fetal acidosis. The S/D ratio was found to have a very low positive predictive value (14.3%). The only combination of two parameters that showed improved positive predictive value, was that of OCT and NST (66.7%). CONCLUSION: (1) The best indirect method in assesing fetal well‐being is the combination of NST and OCT. (2) Since the positive predictive value of the indirect methods is still low, direct assessment of the fetal metabolic status is recommended in premature growth‐retarded fetuses with an abnormal test.
Outcome of pregnancy in diabetic mothers
Authors: Nasrat H.A. , Salleh M. , Ardawi M. , Ghafouri H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To study complications seen among newborns of gestational diabetic mothers versus nondiabetics, and to compare the pattern of distribution of those complications to similar reports form Western populations. METHOD: Prospective case controlled study of 384 newborns, (191 of diabetic and 193 of nondiabetic mothers) delivered at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. RESULTS: The overall rate of infant morbidity was greater among newborns of diabetic mothers, especially those who required insulin for metabolic control. The major complications were those associated with increased incidence of large birth weight infants. Complications such as congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation and other severe forms of morbidity often associated with insulin‐dependent diabetes were rarely seen. CONCLUSION: Fetal and neonatal risks associated with diabetes in pregnancy depend not only on the severity, but also on the type of diabetes. In modern societies fetal complications associat ed with diabetes are mainly those due to hyperglycemia in the second half of gestation. The results also emphasize the fact that perinatal morbidity rather than mortality should be the yardstick for the efficacy of management of diabetes in pregnancy.
Operative hysteroscopy
Authors: Prevedourakis C. , Lekkas N. , Makris N. , Dachlythras M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: Analysis of the obtained results after operative hysteroscopy for several intrauterine abnormalities. METHOD: Thirty women with uterine problems (7 polyps, 16 endometrial, 5 endocervical adhesions and 2 lost IUDs) were submitted to operative hysteroscopy under general anesthesia by using fine rigid auxiliary instruments at Lito Private Maternity Hospital and the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Athens University during 1991. RESULT: The adhesiolysis was successful in all the 21 cases with 5 subsequent pregnancies to date, the hysteroscopic excision of the 7 polyps was uneventful and the removal of the 2 lost IUDs was done by using a special forceps for foreign bodies. CONCLUSION: Operative hysteroscopy presented excellent results intra‐operatively, post‐operatively and in the routine follow‐up by diagnostic hysteroscopy 3 months after intervention.
Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac involvement
Authors: To W.W.K. , Ngan H.Y.S. , Collins R.J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIntravenous leiomyomatosis is considered to be a rare neoplastic disease usually arising from uterine fibromyomata, but its true incidence may be under‐recognized. Mortalities from this condition are usually the result of intracardiac involvement. A case report of successful treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension is presented, together with a review of the existing literature concerning this rare condition.
Calculation of plasma estradiol levels by analysis of number and size of follicles measured by ultrasound
Authors: Franco J.G. , Baruffi R.L.R. , Vagnini L. , Oliveira J.B.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To determine the possibility of immediate estimation of plasma estradiol (E2) levels in stimulated ovarian cycles using a multiple regression equation (MRE) based on the analysis of the number and size of ovarian follicles measured by pelvic ultrasound. METHOD: E2 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 47 patients on the day of induction of ovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). MRE was employed to calculate E2 levels after analysis of the number of follicles present, divided into three groups according to their greatest ultrasonic diameters A (10–14 mm), B (15–16 mm) and C (≥ 17 mm). The follicular lots were analyzed retrospectively and a MRE was determined. In a later prospective study, plasma E2 levels were measured by EIA and MRE in 36 patients on the day of induction of ovulation with hCG. RESULTS: The following MRE was obtained for plasma E2 levels as a function of follicular diameter: MRE of E2 (pg/ml) = 556 + 95 A + 98 B + 108 C. In the prospective study, the correlation coefficient for the measurements of E2 levels by the two methods (EIA versus MRE) was 0.70. CONCLUSION: The use of MRE based on the analysis of number and size of ovarian follicles measured by ultrasound permits a relatively precise indirect estimate of plasma E2 levels in stimulated ovarian cycles.
Evaluation of transvaginal color Doppler sonography, transvaginal sonography and CA 125 for prediction of ovarian malignancy
Authors: Sengoku K. , Satoh T. , Saitoh S. , Abe M. , Ishikawa M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler ultrasonography as the predictor of malignant ovarian tumors and to compare the results with CA 125 levels and ultrasonographic morphological patterns. Methods: We compared color Doppler ultrasound with sonographic findings and serum CA 125 levels for predicting ovarian malignancy in 16 patients with malignant and 12 patients with benign ovarian tumors. Results: There was a significant difference in pulsatility index (PI) value of ovarian vessel between benign and malignant tumors (2.42 ± 0.67 for benign and 1.35 ± 0.78 for malignant, respectively, P < 0.01). The specificity of morphological findings and CA 125 was lower than that of PI measurements, but sensitivity was not different between the three methods. In addition, the combination of color Doppler and CA 125 or morphological assessments resulted in a sensitivity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%, respectively. Conclusion: PI measurements by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound combined with CA 125 levels or morphological findings could be an accurate and appropriate screening method for ovarian tumors.
Cervical ripening in women with previous cesarean deliveries
Authors: Del Valle G.O. , Adair C.D. , Sanchez‐Ramos L. , Gaudier F.L. , McDyer D.C. , Delke I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of preinduction cervical ripening in women with previous cesarean deliveries undergoing induction of labor. Methods: Retrospective study of women with previous low transverse cesarean deliveries who underwent ripening of an unfavorable cervix prior to induction of labor (n = 89). Multiparas without previous cesarean deliveries undergoing ripening and induction of labor during the same time period were used for comparison (n = 61). Ripening was performed with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel, or an osmotic dilator, or both. Induction of labor with oxytocin followed the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' guidelines. Outcome data were analyzed using the unpaired Student's t‐test or χ2‐test as appropriate. Significance was established at P < 0.05. Results: The mean gestational age was 39.6 ± 2.6 and 38.2 ± 2.9 weeks for the study and comparison groups, respectively. There were no differences between the groups in Bishop score, duration of the first stage of labor, maximum dose of oxytocin, indications for cesarean delivery, puerperal morbidity, birthweight, Apgar scores or NICU admissions. Sixty‐four percent (57 of 89) of study women delivered vaginally compared with 82% (50 of 61) of women in the comparison group (P < 0.03). The data were analyzed separately for those women undergoing cervical ripening with PGE2 gel only. No differences were observed between the groups in any of the categories mentioned above. Conclusion: Cervical ripening appears to be safe and effective in women with previous low transverse cesarean deliveries undergoing induction of labor with an unfavorable cervix.
A model of psychological dependence in adolescent substance abusers
Authors: Birmingham W.Geoffrey , Sheehy Marina S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAdolescent substance abuse appears to have its foundations in a distortion of perceived events at an age prior to involvement with substances. Substances are used as a compromise in an attempt to establish a lifestyle which has meaning to the individual. Because the individual's involvement with a substance has taken place during the crucial developmental phase of adolescence, and because the use of drugs alters one's perception of one's social, emotional and cognitive state, any experience during this time must, by necessity, be distorted. At the same time, other experiences, necessary for natural development into adulthood, are forsaken. Thus, certain learned skills are replaced by those learned whilst under the influence of substances or as a reaction to the substance abusing lifestyle. The latter two often being inappropriate in drug‐free situations. As the abuse of substances severely hampers the individual's natural development, a model of Developmental Habilitation is the essence of change.
Dilemmas of adolescents with developmental retardation: a review
Authors: Dossetor D.R. , Nicol A.R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAdolescence is highlighted in this review as the age of crisis and concern for those with developmental retardation. The complexities of this stage of life are considered from the perspectives of the individual's development and the commitment required by the family, school, professional services and society. These issues, illustrated with a case vignette, are critically examined using the evidence available in the literature.
Reasons for admission to an adolescent unit
Authors: Jaffa Tony , Dezsery Anna Maria 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThree years admissions to a regional adolescent unit are analyzed to obtain information on the referral, the adolescent and family, and the behaviours leading to admission. The findings are discussed with particular relevance to the N.H.S. Health Advisory Service report on services for disturbed adolescents. Possible implications of the report which are not described by the H.A.S. are described.
Ethnic differences in adolescents' identity status and associated behavior problems
Authors: Rotheram‐Borus Mary Jane 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe relationships between ethnicity and identity status and between identity status and behavior problems, social competence, and self‐esteem were examined among 330 White, Black, Puerto Rican and Filipino students in an integrated high school. Identity status (i.e., achieved, moratorium, foreclosed, or diffuse) was defined on the basis of a 24‐item self‐report inventory on which students rated their explorations of options and/or commitments to choices in their occupational, political, and religious domains. Ethnic status was also assessed in an 8‐item questionnaire which assessed exploration and commitment to one's ethnic role. White students in the upper grades reported significantly higher moratorium scale scores and perceived themselves as more likely to have explored and be committed to their ethnic role than minority youth. There were no significant ethnic differences in the relationships of identity status to behavior problems, social competence or self‐esteem. Adolescent boys were significantly more likely to be in moratorium regarding their ethnic role than girls. Grade and sex differences in identity status were consistent with those predicted by developmental researchers. Across all ethnic groups, ratings of moratorium status were associated with significantly more behavior problems, less social competence, and lower self‐esteem.
Adaptive regression and ego identity
Authors: Bilsker Dan , Marcia James E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn inventory of adaptively regressive experiences (Taft Ego Permissiveness Inventory) and the Identity Status Interview were administered to 71 college students (35 female, 36 male). As hypothesized, Moratorium status individuals (actively engaged in identity formation) showed a greater disposition to adaptive regression than did individuals in other statuses. This supports the view that adaptive regression may serve an important function in the identity formation process.Contrary to hypothesis, Achievement status individuals did not show greater disposition to adaptive regression than those in Foreclosure status. Females showed substantially greater disposition to adaptive regression than did males.
Preference for outdoor play during early adolescence
Authors: Pellegrini A.D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study examined the extent to which boys' and girls' preference for outdoor, vigorous activity changed as they became socialized to middle school. A sample of 133 boys and girls were studied for one year: those just beginning middle school (sixth graders) and those with one year experience (seventh grade). Measures of children's preference for the playground, the duration of their stay outdoors, and behaviors while outdoors were obtained through direct observational methods. Additionally, teachers' rated children's level of achievement, physical attractiveness, and facility in games. Children also rated each other in terms of dominance status. Results indicated that boys', compared to girls', preference to play outdoors existed only in sixth grade. Factor analyses indicated that three factors described these children: Teachers' Choice, Active Female Oriented, and Outdoor Male Oriented. All three factors varied as children progressed through middle school. Results are discussed in terms of life course developmental theory.
Chronic self‐destructive behavior in normative and delinquent adolescents
Authors: Dolin Ira H. , Kelly David B. , Beasley T.Mark 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe Chronic Self‐Destructiveness Scale (CSDS) and the Psychopathic Deviate and Hypomania scales of the MMPI were administered to 112 delinquent adolescents and to 141 high‐school students. Both male and female delinquents reported significantly higher levels of chronic self‐destructiveness. Significant positive correlations between the CSDS and the MMPI scales were found for all groups. The results indicate that delinquent males have high levels of chronic self‐destructiveness attributable to these personality variables; however, other cultural variables may intervene. The results for delinquent females were similar to those of high‐school males. Thus, these findings raise questions about societal influences and the definitions of delinquent behavior.
The social context of adolescent sexuality: safe sex implications
Authors: Moore Susan , Rosenthal Doreen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study was an examination of the sexual worlds of 153 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years through the content analysis of interviews on the topics of love, romance, relationships between the sexes, sexual values and sexual behaviors. The aim was to develop more detailed descriptions of the dimension of adolescent sexuality and related these dimensions to sexual risk, that is, the tendency to engage in unprotected intercourse, an activity which increases vulnerability to AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. To this end, seven themes were isolated from the interview scripts, these being permissiveness, double standards, belief about sexual control (the Id Factor), romance, regrets about permissiveness, sexual aggression, and questioning. Measures of four of these themes were constructed, and sex and sub‐group differences explored, as were the relationships between themes and sexual risk. The implications of different “pathways” to sexual risk‐taking were discussed.
Racial differences in the etiology of abruptio placentae
Authors: Omu A.E. , Diejomaoh F.M.E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOf 13,500 deliveries in a 6‐year period, 326 cases of antepartum hemorrhage (2.4%) were encountered. Fifty‐six (0.42%) of these patients had abruptio placentae while 130 (0.96%) had placenta previa. An inverse ratio of placenta previa and abruptio placentae was observed in this study, which may be due to a racial difference — probably a result of the late onset of preeclampsia among Nigerians. A high perinatal mortality of 643/1000, influenced mainly by the high prematurity rate, was observed; cesarean section resulted in the lowest perinatal mortality (154/1000). There was one maternal death, giving a maternal mortality rate of 18/1000.
Pictorial maternal and neonatal records for illiterate traditional birth attendants
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Walia Inderjeet 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA pictorial card was devised for illiterate traditional birth attendants to record the important events during pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period. Between October 1979 and July 1980, traditional birth attendants from 15 villages completed 88 pictorial records. The card has served successfully as a prompting device to ensure continuing maternal and newborn care.
Seizures in the Nigerian neonate: Perinatal factors
Authors: Omene J.A. , Longe A.C. , Okolo A.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA prospective study of 55 infants with neonatal seizures admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 5.5‐year period revealed that perinatal asphyxia and hypoglycemia were the principal aetiologic factors in about 71% of the cases. The most frequently encountered seizure types were unilateral clonic (51.5%). Generalized clonic and massive generalized myoclonic seizures were found in 14 (25.5%) and seven (12.7%) cases, respectively, and subtle seizures in three.The overall incidence was 3.5/1000 live births, with a preponderance of male infants in the seizure population, among whom preterm infants were significantly more common.The mortality, (34.5%) was closely related to the etiology. Since the associated adverse perinatal events are largely preventable, improved prenatal and perinatal health care delivery should lead to a decline in the frequency of neonatal seizures.
Monitoring perinatal mortality by birth weight specific mortality rates
Authors: Erkkola R. , Kero P. , Seppälä A. , Grönroos M. , Rauramo L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe perinatal mortality at University Central Hospital of Turku, Finland decreased significantly from 15.7/1000 in years 1970–1975 to 8.9/1000 in years 1976–1978. The main decrease has occurred in weight groups of 1000 g and more. In years 1976–1978 the perinatal mortality of non‐malformed babies in the weight group 1500–1999 g was 93/1000, in the group 2000–2499 g 21/1000 and in the group of 2500 g and over 1.7/1000. The early neonatal mortality of non‐malformed infants has decreased significantly only in the weight group of 1500–1999 g. The 1‐week survival rate has been 48% in the weight group 500–999 g, but 77% in the weight group 1000–1499 g. The birth weight specific mortality rates are greatly required when the quality of obstetrical care is assessed. Birth weight specific neonatal mortality rates are essential when guidelines for elective termination of third trimester pregnancy are designed.
Effect of oestrogen replacement therapy on blood coagulation factors in postmenopausal women
Authors: Varma T.R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractNatural oestrogens “Premarin”, (Ayerst, conjugated equine oestrogens) “Harmogen”, (Abbott, piperazine oestrone sulphate) and “Progynova” (Schering, oestradiol valerate) alone and in combination with proestational agents such as “Primolut N”, (Schering, norethisterone) “Neogest”, (Schering, norgestrel), “Norgeston”, (Schering, levonorgestrel), “Duphaston” (Duphar, dydrogesterone) did not have adverse effects on clotting factors. One patient developed deep vein thrombosis following treatment using “Progynova” (oestradiol valerate) alone and a second patient suffered from mild myocardial infarction following the use of “Premarin” (conjugated equine oestrogens) alone.