bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Temperature Thermal Property Prediction For Mgo, Kci and Zns
Authors: Wang Kai , Reeber Robert R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Equations of state, phase equilibria, and residual stress calculations require accurate values of thermal expansion, bulk modulus, and specific heat. Experimental data for these parameters from low to intermediate temperatures are usually self-consistent. At high temperatures, when data for materials are either scattered or non-existent, reliable models are required for evaluation or prediction. Theoretical and semi-empirical approaches are available for predicting thermal expansion at high temperatures. Theoretical calculations include interatomic potential approaches based on equations of state, first principle lattice dynamical methods relying on approximate interatomic potentials, and direct methods utilizing quantum theory. Each approach has its own approximate basis and is valid over a limited temperature range.
Atomistic Simulation of Mems Devices via the Coupling of Length Scales
Authors: Broughton Jeremy Q 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This manuscript is a copy of a successful proposal to the High Performance Computing Modernization Program of the Department of Defense for a Grand Challenge Award. Although it does not relate directly to high temperature ceramics (the topic of this conference proceedings), the ideas contained herein are directly pertinent to the realistic simulation of ceramics. This grand challenge project will predict the dynamic and temperature dependent behavior of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices from their atomic constituents by utilizing recently developed parallel codes which enable a coupling of length scales. This powerful methodology will be applied to two MEMS systems thereby providing a new paradigm in device design and prediction and in the relevance of atomistic simulation.
Soil Phosphorus Characterization and Total Element Analysis
Authors: Lajtha Kate , Driscoll Charles T , Jarrell Wesley M , Elliott Edward T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phosphorus is a major element in soil organic matter, and in natural terrestrial ecosystems is derived from the weathering of minerals in parent rock material. It is usually the second most limiting nutrient for terrestrial primary production (after nitrogen) and is often the primary limiting nutrient in freshwater ecosystems. Due to its critical role in controlling aquatic primary production, there is an increased concern over runoff of P from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems and the role of Pin affecting water quality. Studies of P cycling and availability pose a challenge to agronomists and ecologists, in part because P occurs in soils in many different physicochemical forms that are operationally difficult to define, and in part because Pis involved in a myriad of biological and chemical processes. The cycling of P can be controlled by inorganic chemical reactions, but in many systems the turnover of organic P controls the availability of P to plants through organic matter decomposition or the release of P from microbial biomass. Phosphate sorption by various soil constituents is a dominant process in maintaining very low concentrations of Pin soil solutions, particularly in mineral soils. Tight control of P concentrations by adsorption creates difficulty for the measurement of the amount of P available for plant uptake or P release upon organic matter mineralization. Whereas important pools and fluxes of N are readily measured in soils, the different physicochemical forms of soil P are more difficult to categorize or define operationally. As a result, it is challenging to define or measure bioavailable P.
Soil CO2, N20, and CH4 Exchange
Authors: Holland Elisabeth A , Robertson G Philip , Greenberg James , Groffman Peter M , Gosz Richard D Boone James R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The composition of the earth’s atmosphere is largely determined by the exchange of trace gases with the oceanic and terrestrial biosphere. Human-induced perturbations to the earth’s system are changing the atmospheric composition at unprecedented rates. The gases of particular interest can be divided into two categories: those species that are radiatively active and thus influence the radiation balance of the earth (the so-called greenhouse gases: nitrous oxide [N2O], carbon dioxide [CO2], methane [CH4], chlorofluorocarbons [CFCs}, halogenated chlorofluorocarbons [HCFCs}, and ozone [03)), and those species that are photochemically active and thus influence the troposphere’s ability to cleanse itself (its “‘oxidizing capacity”‘: hydroxyl radical OH, hydroperoxy radical HO2, 03, active nitrogen (NOx-NO + NO2), carbon monoxide [CO], CH4, and volatile organic carbon compounds other than methane [VOCs]). The atmospheric lifetime of the radiatively active species is often longer than 10 years, extending to as long as 120 years for N2O in the troposphere (the lower 10-16 km of the atmosphere), whereas the lifetime of the photochemically active species is 1-3 days (Tab. l 0.1). Because of their very long lifetimes, N2O, CFCs, HCFCs, and other halogenated compounds persist long enough to be transported to the stratosphere, where they play an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Some gases, notably 03 and CH4, are both photochemically and radiatively active. Both radiatively active and photochemically active gases are central to global change research; these gases are rapidly altering atmospheric composition and chemistry, in part as a result of changes in biospheric activity.
Explanation and Prediction by Covering Laws
Authors: Hempel Carl G , Fetzer James H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay, I propose to present two models of scientific explanation; to comment on the range of their applicability and, briefly, on their qualifications as models of scientific prediction; and to examine some of the criticisms directed against these models and some alternatives to them that have been put forward in the recent literature. I will refer to the models in question as the deductive-nomological, or briefly the deductive, model, and the inductive-probabilistic, or briefly the probabilistic, model. Both have been described in considerable detail in earlier publications,1 and I will therefore be brief in outlining their main characteristics here; but I will add some new amplificatory observations.
Equity, Equality, and Affirmative Action
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Humanity, trudging along a path presumed to lead to perpetual progress, has come to a curious bifurcation. The more familiar of the two forks proclaims that the resources avail­ able to our species are not meaningfully finite. If this is so, it may be legitimate to assume that more people are better-as are more highways, more labor-saving machinery to be kept in repair, and more information pouring in on us per unit time. A hectic life, perhaps, but a defensible one.
The Extended Reach of Gresham’s Law
Authors: Hardin Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Puzzling over repetitious studies of the world’s population, professionals are astounded at the evasive maneuvers of “pragmatic” politicians. The Man from Mars would surely conclude that the attempts to maximize the human population must be motivated by a form of greed. But if our heavenly visitor wanted a welcome to continue his studies, he would keep this conclusion to himself.
Autonomy and the Social Self
Authors: Barclay Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Widespread dissatisfaction with the ideal of individual autonomy is a prominent feature of feminist and communitarian perspectives on moral and political theory. Whether attention is focused on moral impartialism, Kantian ethics, modern political theory, or in particular, contemporary liberalism, a frequently voiced concern is that individual autonomy is overemphasized and that an “atomistic” or “abstract individualistic” conception of the self is presupposed. Both feminists and communitarians have claimed that numerous moral and political theories promote a vision of the autonomous self as essentially independent and self-sufficient, a vision that denies the inescapable connectedness of selves and the fact that their immersion in networks of relationships forms their desires, aspirations, indeed their very identities. In other words, what is denied is that the self is essentially social.
On Moral Considerability
Authors: Bernstein Mark H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this fresh and powerfully argued book, Mark Bernstein identifies the qualities that make an entity deserving of moral consideration. It is frequently assumed that only (normal) human beings count. Bernstein argues instead for "experientialism"--the view that having conscious experiences is necessary and sufficient for moral standing. He demonstrates that this position requires us to include many non-human animals in our moral realm, but not to the extent that many deep ecologists champion.
Chronoscopes
Authors: ter Meulen Alice G B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some essential semantic properties of our use of tense and aspect in ordinary English discourse have been accounted for in Discourse Representation Theory (DRT; Kamp and Reyle 1993), formalising how aspectual properties control the reference to events and states with a classical notion of logical entailment. Further properties of our ordinary reasoning about temporal dependencies may arise in the interpretation of discourse. The richer representational tools of Dynamic Aspect Trees (DAT; ter Meulen 1995) captures other aspects of temporal rea-soning in natural language with a situated, nonmonotonic notion of inference in chronoscopes.
Therapeutic Aspects of Sah: Medical
Authors: Weir Bryce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A prophetic early article on the medical management of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) concluded that surgery in suitable cases is the only treatment that offers reduction in the mortality rate of patients with SAH.1 Therapy should prepare patients for surgery and protect them after it. The aims of medical management of a patient with a recently ruptured intracranial aneurysm are to preserve residual brain function and to prevent systemic complications. The priorities in medical treatment are to prevent cerebral edema with herniation, cerebral ischemia with infarction, rebleeding, and medical complications. The general treatment must be predicated on the neurological status of the patient. For those with a significant depression of consciousness, sedation, paralysis, and intubation are required. The insertion of a ventricular catheter to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) may be necessary. Analgesia should be provided for all patients. Arterial and venous lines are provided as required. For all patients, urgent radiologic evaluation should be performed. This should include a CT scan to make the diagnosis of SAH and a four-vessel angiogram on admission to define the source of bleeding and any coexisting abnormalities. Hematology and biochemistry profiles are performed to rule out serious coexisting disease or intoxications.
Clones, Harms, and Rights
Authors: Rhodes Rosamond 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the possibility of cloning humans looms on the horizon people are worrying about the morality of using the new technology. They are anxious about the ethical borders that might be crossed when virtual genetic duplicates can be produced by creating a zygote from an existing person’s genetic material. They are apprehensive about eugenics, concerned about creating humans as sources of spare parts for others, uneasy about producing humans in the absence of the intention to allow them to live and develop, and uncomfortable about using human clones in business ventures.
The Regulation of Technology
Authors: Warnock Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everybody recognizes that most of the problems in medical ethics arise, these days, from innovations in medical technology. We would not have had to lay down laws or ethical guidelines about assisted reproduction had it not been for the new technology of in vitro fertilization, which produced the first IVF baby in 1978. We would not be currently anxious about the ethics of possible human cloning had it not been for the production in Edinburgh of Dolly, the lamb whose birth resulted from the removal of a mammary gland cell from an adult sheep. So the question is whether there is some research into developing technology that is too dangerous, that will lead to consequences too dramatic for humanity, for the research itself to be permitted. Should there be control over what technological innovation should be permitted?
Cloning Issues in Reproduction, Science, and Medicine: A Report by a Joint Working Group of the UK Human Genetics Advisory Commission and the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
Authors: Deech Onora O’Neil & Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
News of the UK Human Genetics Advisory Commission’s first meeting was overshadowed by the Roslin Institute’s announcement of Dolly the sheep, the first vertebrate cloned from another adult. Since that event, cloning has been a subject of intense debate. While the major motivation for the work that resulted in Dolly was to develop methods for the genetic improvement of livestock, subsequent commentary has understandably been marked by fears that this technique might be open to misuse.
The trees of Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Felger Richard Stephen , Johnson Matthew Brian , Wilson Michael Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The definitive treatment of the trees and tree-like plants of Sonora, a remarkably diverse and biologically important region, ranging from some of the driest and hottest areas in North America to cool, temperate woodlands and the northernmost tropical regions in the New World. The majority of the trees in this semi-arid region are at their northern limits in the Americas in this state and many range to South America. Thus, this book will be important to biologists in regions well outside of the area covered. Felger is the recognized expert in the area, and the book contains an enormous body of information nowhere else obtainable. The introductory chapter contains biotic and climatic information and an analysis of the geographical distributions of the trees of a state that is poorly known biologically. Two hundred eighty-five species of native and naturalized trees are covered, featuring extensive identification keys and illustrations, most of them newly produced for this book. The descriptive species accounts include common names, indigenous names, and synonyms, detailed botanical descriptions, ecological and geographic data, geographic ranges, natural history, economic uses, and, in many cases, other information such as horticultural uses and conservation status.
The Mechanical Functions of Silks and Their Correlated Structural Properties
Authors: Riekel C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides background information on why and how different amino acids can affect the folding patterns of silk proteins. In considering these configurations, chapter 2 describes how molecular genetic processes can result in the substitution of one amino acid for another. The remaining chapters identify factors that can act as selective agents on the protein variation that the molecular genetic processes generate.
Five hypotheses have been advanced to explain the diversity and evolution of silks spun by the Orbiculariae: (1) random genetic events (Rudall and Kenchington 1971); (2) selection for synthetic efficiency (Mita et al. 1988; Candelas et al. 1990; Hayashi and Lewis 1998; chapter 2); (3) selection for mechanical properties such as strength and elasticity (Denny 1976; Denny 1980; Gosline et al. 1984; Craig 1987a; Gosline et al. 1994; Kohler and Vollrath 1995); (4) selection for reduced reflectance and hence reduced web visibility (chapter 4); and (5) selection for amino acids that may reflect the composition or diet of the silk producer ‘s prey (chapter 7).
Central Sleep Apnea and Hypoventilation During Sleep
Authors: Aldrich Michaels. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a condition in which absence of respiratory effort leads to cessation of breathing. Gastaut and coworkers 1 first used the term central sleep apnea to distinguish central apneas from obstructive apneas, in which respiratory effort persists and the apnea is caused by airway occlusion. The term periodic breathing is also used to describe regularly recurring periods of central apnea and other breathing patterns in which variations in rate or amplitude occur in a regular, repetitive fashion.
Psychiatric Disorders and Sleep
Authors: Aldrich Michaels. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are common in patients with sleep complaints, particularly those with insomnia. About one-third of insomniacs evaluated at sleep centers have a primary psychiatric diagnosis and an other 40% have a secondary psychiatric diagnosis. According to community-based surveys, as many as 40% of those who complain of insomnia have a psychiatric illness, usually a mood disorder or an anxiety disorder. 2, In addition, mood disorders subsequently develop in many patients who initially present with insomnia, suggesting that insomnia can be an initial symptom of depression or that the irritability, anxiety, and dysphoria that often accompany insomnia increase the likelihood that depression will develop., Whether treatment of insomnia can pre vent depression is uncertain.
Following in Their Footsteps
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cliff was at first a carpentry contractor and then a successful home builder. His wife, Lorna, was a social worker who specialized in work with children. They tried to have children of their own but to no avail. Still, they wanted to contribute together to the welfare of children. Men they were in their mid-thirties, Lorna thought of how they could combine their talents and find ways to work with agencies that address problems of homelessness for children in third-world countries. Cliff could use time in the winter months, his off-season. Lorna could allocate her vacation time at first and, if things began to work out, go on a part-year schedule where she worked. Cliff responded enthusiastically to her idea and plan. For several years they went to locations around the world and did what they could. Cliff worked side-by-side with others in home construction. He learned from local workers about available materials, traditional building styles, environmental constraints, and the like. He learned to adapt what he knew to diverse conditions, and he passed many of his skills on to others.
They Are with Us in Our Souls
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Henry never underestimated how precious Grace was to him. He did not call her “Amazing” for nothing. He expressed his gratitude often. Still, when she died, he was painfully aware of how much he never told her. He wishes he could again look into her eyes and tell her all that he has discovered about how much she meant to him. Instead, he begins to tell her at night as he lies awake thinking of her and the events of the day. Henry tells Grace of how he is finding his way in the home they made together. Surrounded by so many reminders of the life they shared, he feels he still belongs there. It has been their house for thirty years, and so it always will be. Gradually, he comes to cherish the memories that echo there without tears. He is grateful to sense her presence in so many of the things they accumulated and treasured together. He is grateful, too, for the way the walls resonate with their family history.
Finding Our Roots in Their Life Stories
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After Grace died, Henry and his children continued to fill his home with stories of Grace and their life with her. Conversation at Nagel family reunions always included tales and anecdotes about Grandma, rarely about Grandpa. Kathryn gathered stories about Mark and life with him from family and friends and shared them with him before he died. Now she reviews them and adds others of her own in sessions with her children who were too young when Mark died to have clear memories of him. Alex Haley probed his family history and told the world what he found in Roots. We often tell stories about those who have died and our lives with them. Typically, we tell and cherish the stories because they delight or fascinate us. We hold dear their principal characters. We keep their memories alive in and through the stories. We find in them many things that are useful in our practical lives. But we can, and often do, cherish the stories for deeper reasons.
Striving
Authors: Attig Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like so many immigrants before him, my Grandpa Nagel came to America in 1914 to escape a coming war and to find and make a better life for himself and his family. Grandma shared his hopes and supported his aspirations. She followed him with their four children and gave birth first to my mother and then to four more in the years that followed. The Nagel family echoes with stories of how my grandparents struggled to learn a new language and culture. How they made homes in the row houses of Chicago. How they worked hard to make ends meet and feed their growing family. How the changes and struggles took their toll on the relationship between them. Grandma believed education was a key to success. Her oldest son, Helmut, wanted to continue beyond grammar school into high school. Grandpa blocked his way, thinking he should apprentice as he would have in Germany. Grandma saw that that was not the way in this new country. She stood up to Grandpa, by no means an easy thing to do. She insisted my uncle be allowed to complete high school. She encouraged all her children to do well in school.
The Claim of Reason
Authors: Cavell Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This reissue of an American philosophical classic includes a new preface by Cavell, in which he discusses the work’s reception and influence. The work fosters a fascinating relationship between philosophy and literature both by augmenting his philosophical discussions with examples from literature and by applying philosophical theories to literary texts. Cavell also succeeds in drawing some very important parallels between the British analytic tradition and the continental tradition, by comparing scepticism as understood in Descartes, Hume, and Kant with philosophy of language as practiced by Wittgenstein and Austin.
Cognitive Pharmacology of Stimulants in Children with ADHD
Authors: Denney Colin B , Rapport Mark D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychostimulant effects on higher order cognitive processes in children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are of central interest to researchers in the field of clinical child psychopharmacology. This interest reflects the importance of studying drug effects for understanding the etiology and treatment of the disorder. Several lines of evidence indicate that drugs affecting different neurochemical systems show generalized and in some cases selective effects on cognitive functioning, but the mechanisms responsible have not yet been definitively elucidated.
Understanding Medications Used to Treat Moderate Pain
Authors: Patt Richard B , Lang Susan S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When pain is moderate and can’t be adequately controlled with nonopioid (nonnarcotic) drugs, usually the next step (as dictated by the World Health Organization’s analgesic ladder; see Chapter 1) is the addition or substitution of a weak opioid, of which codeine is the most well known. These codeine-like drugs, referred to in the past simply as the “weak” or “mild” opioids (in contrast to the “strong” or “potent” opioids such as morphine), are today referred to as “opioids conventionally used to treat moderate pain” (versus “opioids conventionally used to treat severe pain”).