bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling a nonionic aqueous‐based metal‐cleaning solution with a ceramic membrane: Pilot‐scale evaluation
Authors: Ferguson David , Chen Abraham S. C. , Stencel Nicholas 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effectiveness of a zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) membrane filter was evaluated for recycling a nonionic aqueous metal cleaning bath under real‐world conditions. The pilot‐scale study consisted of four 7‐ to 16‐day filtration runs. Each processed a portion of the cleaning bath during immersion cleaning of aircraft engine and motor parts. The results indicated that the filter was effective in removing contaminants such as oil and grease and suspended solids from the process solution, thus extending the life‐span of the bath up to three times. The process bath, however, had to be replenished with surfactant additives to compensate for those removed by the filter. The fouled membrane could be effectively cleaned with its permeability fully restored for reuse.
Performance evaluation of a surface acoustic wave analyzer to measure vocs in air and water
Authors: Watson Gary W. , Staples Edward J. , Viswanathan Shekar 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe performance of a fast gas chromatograph equipped with a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) detector is evaluated in this paper. The instrument was developed for the rapid analysis of volatile organic compounds in air or water. The SAW detector, the first and only known integrating detector for gas chromatographs (GCs), operates by responding to the mass of material exiting the GC column. Material adhering to the SAW surface changes its operating frequency, which is detected by the system electronics and converted into a chromatogram. The system requires no high voltages or radioactive ionization sources, and is compact and portable. The millisecond response of the detector allows high speed analysis—measured in seconds—to take place. The performance of the GC/SAW system is comparable to laboratory GCs in terms of limit of detection, precision, accuracy, and interference while screening environments in essentially real time (10 seconds). The results of the instrument evaluation for 10 common organic compounds in air and water matrices are presented.
Learning about dynamical systems via unfalsification of hypotheses
Authors: B. Brugarolas Paul , G. Safonov Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the problem of learning behaviours of a dynamical system from experimental data via unfalsification of hypotheses within the behavioural approach to system theory of Willems. Behaviours of the dynamic systems are postulated as hypotheses and then tested against experimental data. A simple and concise condition for falsification of hypotheses by experimental data in terms of a kernel is presented. The approach is applicable both to learning models for a plant and to adapting controllers to satisfy performance and robustness goals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quaternäre Caesium‐Kupfer(I)‐Lanthanoid(III)‐Selenide vom Typ CsCu3M2Se5 (M = Sm, Gd — Lu)
Authors: Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDurch Oxidation eines Gemenges aus Kupfer‐ und Lanthanoid‐Metall mit elementarem Selen im molaren Verhältnis von 1 : 1 : 2 erhält man in evakuierten Quarzglasampullen durch Zugabe von CsCl innerhalb einer Woche bei 750 °C quaternäre Caesium‐Kupfer(I)‐Lanthanoid(III)‐Selenide vom Formeltyp CsCu3M2Se5 (M = Sm, Gd — Lu). Ein Überschuß an CsCl fördert als Flußmittel das Wachstum der goldgelben bzw. roten, nadelförmigen, hydrolysebeständigen Einkristalle. Die Kristallstruktur von CsCu3M2Se5 (M = Sm, Gd — Lu) (orthorhombisch, Cmcm, Z = 4; z. B. CsCu3Sm2Se5: a = 417, 84(3), b = 1470, 91(8), c = 1764, 78(9) pm bzw. CsCu3Lu2Se5: a = 407, 63(3), b = 1464, 86(8), c = 1707, 21(9) pm) enthält Doppelstränge aus kantenverknüpften [MSe6]9—‐Oktaedern, die entlang [100] verlaufen und über Eckenverknüpfung zweidimensionale Schichten parallel (010) ausbilden. Zwei kristallographisch unterschiedliche Cu+‐Kationen, die ihrerseits stark gewellte Schichten aus kanten‐ bzw. eckenverknüpften [CuSe4]7—‐Tetraedern bilden, vernetzen die {[M2Se5]4—}‐Teilstruktur zu einem dreidimensionalen Gerüst der Zusammensetzung {[Cu3M2Se5]—}. Es bleiben Kanäle längs [100] frei, in welche die Cs+‐Kationen eingelagert werden. Mit acht Cs—Se‐Abständen zwischen 348 und 368 sowie einem neunten, der je nach Lanthanoid zwischen 437 (für M = Sm) bzw. 440 pm (für M = Lu) liegt, ergibt sich als Koordinationsfigur ein (2+1)‐fach überkapptes trigonales Prisma für Cs+.
Suicidal ideation at end-of-life: The palliative care team's
role
Authors: GOELITZ ANN 
Published: April 2004

Objective: To report on the case of a terminally ill patient
who expresses suicidal ideation.Methods: As this case demonstrates, suicidality at
end-of-life poses numerous challenges for the palliative care team. In
this case, a 49-year-old man with locally extensive head and neck
cancer refused all life-prolonging treatment and expressed a desire to
hasten his own death. Other issues, such as chemical dependency and
lack of social supports, complicated his care.Results: Suicidality lessened as continuity of care, with
ongoing assessments and interventions, addressed sources of suffering
and built relationships with health care professionals.Significance of results: This case highlights the
observation that desire for hastened death fluctuates for patients at
end-of-life and may be influenced by factors under the control of the
palliative care team.
Modification of cysteine 111 in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase results in altered spectroscopic and biophysical properties
Authors: de Beus Mitchel D. , Chung Jinhyuk , Colón Wilfredo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) mutations are involved in about 20% of all cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Recently, it has been proposed that aberrant copper activity may be occurring within SOD at an alternative binding, and cysteine 111 has been identified as a potential copper ligand. Using a commercial source of human SOD isolated from erythrocytes, an anomalous absorbance at 325 nm was identified. This unusual property, which does not compromise SOD activity, had previously been shown to be consistent with a sulfhydryl modification at a cysteine residue. Here, we utilized limited trypsin proteolysis and mass spectrometry to show that the modification has a mass of 32 daltons and is located at cysteine 111. The reaction of SOD with sodium sulfide, which can react with cysteine to form a persulfide group, and with potassium cyanide, which can selectively remove persulfide bonds, confirmed the addition of a persulfide group at cysteine 111. Gel electrophoresis and glutaraldehyde cross‐linking revealed that this modification makes the acid‐induced denaturation of SOD fully irreversible. Furthermore, the modified protein exhibits a slower acid‐induced unfolding, and is more resistant to oxidation‐induced aggregation caused by copper and hydrogen peroxide. Thus, these results suggest that cysteine 111 can have a biochemical and biophysical impact on SOD, and suggest that it can interact with copper, potentially mediating the copper‐induced oxidative damage of SOD. It will be of interest to study the role of cysteine 111 in the oxidative damage and aggregation of toxic SOD mutants.
Filling Big Shoes at the Carlson Companies: Interviews with Curt Carlson and Marilyn Carlson Nelson
Authors: Carlock Randel S. 
Published: April 2004

Curtis L. Carlson is one of America's entrepreneurial icons, having launched the Carlson Companies with an innovative idea—trading stamps, or, as the in- dustry is known today, loyalty marketing. His suc- cessful Gold Bond Stamp Company became the foun- dation for a group of service companies operating in more than 140 countries and employing more than 180,000 people. The Carlson Companies posted 1997 revenues of $20 billion from their family of compa- nies, including the Regent and Radisson Hotels, TGI Fridays, Seven Seas Cruises, and the Carlson Wagonlit Travel Agencies. Mr. Carlson is strongly committed to maintain- ing the Carlson Companies as a family enterprise, owned and led by the Carlson family. He credits his father, Charles Carlson, with sharing an immigrant legacy of hard work and entrepreneurial drive that has energized four generations of Carlsons. During the last few years, Mr. Carlson has been criticized for his unwillingness to step aside and pass the leadership responsibility to the next generation. However, in April 1998, the Carlson Companies experienced its first management transition in 60 years, when Marilyn Carlson Nelson was named CEO, and her father as- sumed the position of chairman. Marilyn Carlson Nelson, Curtis Carlson's daugh- ter, had been chief operating officer of the Carlson Companies. She is widely recognized for her leader- ship capabilities and has demonstrated her prowess as a business owner, a director of other companies, and as cochair of the successful Super Bowl XXVI, held in Minneapolis. Ms. Nelson's son, Curtis, serves as CEO of the Carlson Hospitality Group Worldwide and has been identified as the heir apparent to his mother.
Mobile Superior Glenoid Labrum
Authors: Davidson Philip A. , Rivenburgh Dennis W. 
Published: April 2004

Background Arthroscopic differentiation between a pathologic superior labrum anterior posterior lesion and a normal anatomic variant may be difficult. Hypothesis Various anatomic patterns exist that systematically characterize superior biceps-labral configurations. One variant involves a mobile superior labrum with exposed articular cartilage on the superior glenoid tubercle. The authors seek to demonstrate that this is nonpathologic. Study Design A prospective, consecutive descriptive anatomic study with 1-year clinical follow-up of a subgroup with an identified mobile superior labrum. Methods A total of 191 consecutive patients were prospectively evaluated arthroscopically to quantify the dimensions of the labrum and articular cartilage on the supraglenoid tubercle. Results A subgroup of 49 patients was identified with articular cartilage on the supraglenoid tubercle, a mobile labrum, and no fibrous tearing or evident injury in this region. In postoperative follow-up, only 1 (2.0%) of these patients was clinically symptomatic in the region of the superior labrum-biceps origin. Conclusions Indication for repair of a mobile superior glenoid labrum must be carefully addressed in the context of normal anatomic morphologic variability. The labral and supraglenoid tubercle morphology was noted to be highly variable. Clinical Relevance Patients with mobile labral tissue overlying intact articular cartilage, and no evidence of trauma, are not candidates for repair.
Promoting the Proliferative and Synthetic Activity of Knee Meniscal Fibrochondrocytes Using Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Vitro
Authors: Tumia Nezar S. , Johnstone Alan J. 
Published: April 2004

Background Meniscal tears situated within the inner avascular region do not heal despite suturing. New approaches need to be developed to augment surgical repair. Hypothesis To demonstrate that basic fibroblast growth factor, used as a single agent or in combination with serum, stimulates the activity of fibrochondrocytes by enhancing proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis in all meniscal zones, including the inner (avascular) zone of the meniscus. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Monolayer cell cultures were prepared from the inner, middle, and outer zones of the lateral meniscus. Various concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor were used in the presence or absence of 10% fetal calf serum. The authors measured the uptake of radiolabeled thymidine to assess cell proliferation and radioactive sulfur and proline to assess extracellular matrix formation. Results Overall, basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated cells from all meniscal zones to proliferate and to form new extracellular matrix (P <.05). The basic fibroblast growth factor (in the absence of serum) increased DNA formation and protein synthesis by cells from the inner meniscal zone by 7- and 15-fold, respectively (P < .001). Conclusions These results indicate that meniscal cells and, more important, cells from the avascular zone are capable of responding favorably to the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor by expressing their intrinsic potential to proliferate and generate new extracellular matrix. Clinical Relevance The results suggest that it may be possible to augment surgical repair of the meniscus in the future.
Crystal Structures of the Multispecific 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 5: Critical Androgen Regulation in Human Peripheral Tissues
Authors: Qiu Wei , Zhou Ming , Labrie Fernand , Lin Sheng-Xiang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHuman type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD5;AKR1C3) plays a major role in the metabolism of androgens in peripheral tissues. In prostate basal cells, this enzyme is involved in the transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone into dihydrotestosterone, the most potent androgen. It is thus a potential target for prostate cancer therapy because it is understood that the testosterone formation by this enzyme is an important factor, particularly in patients who have undergone surgical or medical castration. Here we report the first structure of a human type 5 17β-HSD in two ternary complexes, in which we found that the androstenedione molecule has a different binding position from that of testosterone. The two testosterone-binding orientations in the substrate-binding site demonstrate the structural basis of the alternative binding and multispecificity of the enzyme. Phe306 and Trp227 are the key residues involved in ligand recognition as well as product release. A safety belt in the cofactor-binding site enhances nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate binding and accounts for its high affinity as demonstrated by kinetic studies. These structures have provided a dynamic view of the enzyme reaction converting androstenedione to testosterone as well as valuable information for the development of potent enzyme inhibitors.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Agardh Elisabet , Agardh Carl-David 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in the Western world in people aged 65 years or less. Intensive blood glucose control reduces the risk for development and progression of retinopathy. There is also a strong association between hypertension and retinopathy, and antihypertensive treatment seems to reduce the risk for both development and progression of retinopathy. The retinal vascular changes may vary from occasional hemorrhages and microaneurysms, to multiple hemorrhages and microaneurysms, prominent retinal thickening and exudates along blood vessels and in the macular region, new vessels, fibrosis, and retinal detachment. Sight‐threatening lesions may well be present without disturbed visual function and visual outcome is dependent on timely treatments like laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy. Therefore, regular screening for diabetic retinopathy is of utmost importance. The molecular pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy includes factors that initiate and promote the vascular disease like hyperglycemia, the polyol pathway, nonenzymatic glycation, oxidative stress, activation of protein kinase C, different growth factors, and vasoactive hormones. Several changes also take place in the retinal vasculature, which cause changed retinal blood flow and heterogeneity of its distribution, areas of nonperfusion and ischemia and hypoxia, which in turn leads to an increased production of vasoactive factors like vascular endothelial growth factor.
Connective Tissue Disorders in Diabetes
Authors: Rosenbloom Arlan L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractConnective tissue disorders in diabetes encompass the major long‐term complications, which can be attributed to alternation in the quantity and quality of structural macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. This chapter reviews the abnormalities of interstitial connective tissue involving skeleton, joints, skin, and periarticular tissues that have been considered to be associated with diabetes, including osteopenia in children and adults; hyperostosis; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; osteolysis; scleroderma diabeticorum; Dupuytren disease; stiff hand syndrome of Lundbaek; carpal tunnel syndrome; flexor tenosynovitis; adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and shoulder–hand syndrome; and limited joint mobility (LJM). Despite an extensive literature defining the characteristic features of the six distinct conditions resulting in limitation of hand joint mobility, recognition of the fact that these are different entities, although they may coexist, is often not appreciated. Among these conditions affecting hand joint mobility, LJM is unique in that it can occur in children and adolescents, in whom it was originally described, does not occur in the nondiabetic young population, is an important risk marker for other complications, correlates with long‐term metabolic control, and has markedly decreased in frequency over the past 20 years, presumably as a result of improved control of type 1 diabetes in children.
Association of a long‐chain fatty acid‐CoA ligase 4 gene polymorphism with depression and with enhanced niacin‐induced dermal erythema
Authors: Covault Jonathan , Pettinati Helen , Moak Darlene , Mueller Timothy , Kranzler Henry R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHypotheses about relationships between changes in membrane lipids and mental illness have focused primarily on three long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Membrane deficiencies of these fatty acids have been reported in schizophrenia (AA, EPA, and DHA) and in depression (EPA and DHA). Long‐chain fatty acid‐CoA ligase type 4 (FACL4; MIM 300157) is a key enzyme involved in the metabolism of AA, EPA, and DHA. FACL4 selectively esterifies these fatty acids with co‐enzyme A, forming acyl‐co‐A, which can then be incorporated into membrane phospholipid. We used niacin‐induced dermal erythema as one index of AA metabolism to identify a common C to T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the first intron of the FACL4 gene (Xq22.3), which is associated with enhanced dermal erythema in both schizophrenia and control subjects. Male subjects with the T0 genotype showed greater dermal erythema following topical application of methylnicotinate, suggesting that this polymorphism may be in linkage disequilibrium with a functional polymorphism of the FACL4 gene that modulates re‐sequestration of agonist‐released free AA. We also examined the allele frequency of this polymorphism in 555 European–Americans (EA), including 229 control subjects, 198 subjects with major depression, 58 with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and 70 with alcohol dependence without co‐morbid psychiatric illness. We observed a significant excess of the T allele in subjects with major depression, as compared with controls (49% vs. 38%; P = 0.003) and a non‐significant excess of the T allele in schizophrenia (44%; P = 0.29). The allele frequency for subjects with alcohol dependence did not differ from controls. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between the FOXP2 gene and autistic disorder in Chinese population
Authors: Gong Xiaohong , Jia Meixiang , Ruan Yan , Shuang Mei , Liu Jing , Wu Suping , Guo Yanqing , Yang Jianzhong , Ling Yansu , Yang Xiaoling , Zhang Dai 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSeveral genomewide screens indicated that chromosome 7q was linked to autistic disorder. FOXP2, located on 7q31, is a putative transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract and a forkhead DNA binding domain. It is one member of the forkhead family who are known to be key regulators of embryogenesis. A point mutation at a highly conserved residue within the forkhead domain co‐segregated with affected status in the KE family who was a unique three generation pedigree with a severe speech and language disorder and FOXP2 was directly disrupted by a translocation in an individual who had similar deficits as those of the KE family. Several studies have investigated the role of FOXP2 polymorphisms in autism and none of them found positive association. We performed a family‐based association study of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FOXP2 in 181 Chinese Han trios using the analyses of transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype. We found a significant association between autistic disorder and one SNP, as well as with specific haplotypes formed by this SNP with two other SNPs we investigated. Our findings suggest that the FOXP2 gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of autism in Chinese population. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple dimensions of familial psychopathology affect risk of mood disorder in children of bipolar parents
Authors: Wals Marjolein , Os Jim van , Reichart Catrien G. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Ormel Johan , Verhulst Frank C. , Nolen Willem A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe aim of our study was to determine whether familial loading of unipolar disorder, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder are associated with DSM‐IV mood disorders in adolescents at risk for bipolar disorder. One hundred and forty adolescents aged 12–21 years of 86 bipolar parents participated in the study. Lifetime DSM‐IV diagnoses of the bipolar offspring were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children Kiddie‐SADS‐Present and Lifetime Version (SADS‐PL). Parents were interviewed using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FH‐RDC) which were used to calculate a continuous familial loading score (FL) for unipolar disorder, bipolar disorder, and for substance use disorder in first‐ and second‐degree relatives of the adolescents. FL for unipolar disorder and substance use disorder were strong and independent predictors for lifetime mood disorders in the adolescents. The gender adjusted hazard ratios for mood disorders in the children were 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–2.0) for FL of unipolar disorder and 1.8 (95% CI = 1.3–2.4) for FL of substance use disorder. Expression of mood disorders in children of bipolar parents varies with the degree of additional FL of unipolar disorder and substance use disorder in the extended family. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How much can cladistics tell us about early hominid relationships?
Authors: Hawks John 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough cladistic analysis has been used to compare hypotheses of relationships among early hominids, the outcomes of different studies have depended entirely on the assumptions made by different investigators. Problems include the close genetic relationship of early hominid taxa, small fossil sample sizes, possible correlations among characters, and a lack of understanding about the evolutionary factors affecting characters. This study investigates the interaction of some of these problems affecting early hominid phylogenetics. Monte Carlo simulations of character state evolution in closely related taxa demonstrate that the sample sizes and close genetic relationships of early hominids do not permit cladistic analyses to obtain unequivocal results. Even with unrealistically good assumptions about the evolutionary dynamics affecting characters, the probability of the most parsimonious hypothesis being true is unacceptably small. In the face of these problems, even phylogenetic statements that are supported by a strong consensus of cladistic studies may nevertheless be in error, and such errors are likely to confound the placement of new specimens and taxa. Advancement in our knowledge of hominid phylogeny can depend only on a fuller understanding of the natural history and evolutionary dynamics of traits. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.