bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric and Electronic Engineering in Co/VN Nanoparticles to Boost Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis for Aqueous/Flexible Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Luo Zuyang , Gong Junlin , Li Qiuxia , Wei Fengli , Liu Baofa , Taylor Isimjan Tayirjan , Yang Xiulin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractModulating metal‐metal and metal‐support interactions is one of the potent tools for augmenting catalytic performance. Herein, highly active Co/VN nanoparticles are well dispersed on three‐dimensional porous carbon nanofoam (Co/VN@NC) with the assistance of dicyandiamide. Studies certify that the consequential disordered carbon substrate reinforces the confinement of electrons, while the coupling of diverse components optimizes charge redistribution among species. Besides, theoretical analyses confirm that the regulated electron configuration can significantly tune the binding strength between the active sites and intermediates, thus optimizing reaction energy barriers. Therefore, Co/VN@NC exhibits a competitive potential difference (ΔE, 0.65 V) between the half‐wave potential of ORR and OER potential at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming Pt/C+RuO2 (0.67 V). Further, catalyst‐based aqueous/flexible ZABs present superior performances with peak power densities of 156 and 85 mW cm−2, superior to Pt/C‐based counterparts (128 and 73 mW cm−2). This research provides a pivotal foundation for the evolution of bifunctional catalysts in the energy sector.
Goal‐Oriented Two‐Layered Kernel Models as Automated Surrogates for Surface Kinetics in Reactor Simulations
Authors: Döppel Felix , Wenzel Tizian , Herkert Robin , Haasdonk Bernard , Votsmeier Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMulti‐scale modeling allows the description of real reactive systems under industrially relevant conditions. However, its application to rational catalyst and reactor design is hindered by the prohibitively high computational cost associated with the chemical kinetics on the catalyst scale. Here, the computational cost is drastically reduced by introducing goal‐oriented kernel models that serve as surrogates for the chemical kinetics. This special model type allows for automated training set design and reliable results, even outside the training region. Therefore, it can be envisioned as a plug‐and‐play solution for accelerating reactive flow simulations with guaranteed accuracy.
The motor apparatus of head movements in the Oleander hawkmoth (Daphnis nerii, Lepidoptera)
Authors: Prusty Agnish D. , Sane Sanjay P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHead movements of insects play a vital role in diverse locomotory behaviors including flying and walking. Because insect eyes move minimally within their sockets, their head movements are essential to reduce visual blur and maintain a stable gaze. As in most vertebrates, gaze stabilization behavior in insects requires the integration of both visual and mechanosensory feedback by the neck motor neurons. Although visual feedback is derived from the optic flow over the retina of their compound eyes, mechanosensory feedback is derived from their organs of balance, similar to the vestibular system in vertebrates. In Diptera, vestibular feedback is derived from the halteres—modified hindwings that evolved into mechanosensory organs—and is integrated with visual feedback to actuate compensatory head movements. However, non‐Dipteran insects, including Lepidoptera, lack halteres. In these insects, vestibular feedback is obtained from the antennal Johnston's organs but it is not well‐understood how it integrates with visual feedback during head movements. Indeed, although head movements are well‐studied in flies, the underlying motor apparatus in non‐Dipteran taxa has received relatively less attention. As a first step toward understanding compensatory head movements in the Oleander hawkmoth Daphnis nerii, we image the anatomy and architecture of their neck joint sclerites and muscles using X‐ray microtomography, and the associated motor neurons using fluorescent dye fills and confocal microscopy. Based on these morphological data, we propose testable hypotheses about the putative function of specific neck muscles during head movements, which can shed light on their role in neck movements and gaze stabilization.
Using tissue clearing and light sheet fluorescence microscopy for the three‐dimensional analysis of sensory and sympathetic nerve endings that innervate bone and dental tissue of mice
Authors: Thai Jenny , Fuller‐Jackson John‐Paul , Ivanusic Jason J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBone and dental tissues are richly innervated by sensory and sympathetic neurons. However, the characterization of the morphology, molecular phenotype, and distribution of nerves that innervate hard tissue has so far mostly been limited to thin histological sections. This approach does not adequately capture dispersed neuronal projections due to the loss of important structural information during three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction. In this study, we modified the immunolabeling‐enabled imaging of solvent‐cleared organs (iDISCO/iDISCO+) clearing protocol to image high‐resolution neuronal structures in whole femurs and mandibles collected from perfused C57Bl/6 mice. Axons and their nerve terminal endings were immunolabeled with antibodies directed against protein gene product 9.5 (pan‐neuronal marker), calcitonin gene–related peptide (peptidergic nociceptor marker), or tyrosine hydroxylase (sympathetic neuron marker). Volume imaging was performed using light sheet fluorescence microscopy. We report high‐quality immunolabeling of the axons and nerve terminal endings for both sensory and sympathetic neurons that innervate the mouse femur and mandible. Importantly, we are able to follow their projections through full 3D volumes, highlight how extensive their distribution is, and show regional differences in innervation patterns for different parts of each bone (and surrounding tissues). Mapping the distribution of sensory and sympathetic axons, and their nerve terminal endings, in different bony compartments may be important in further elucidating their roles in health and disease.
COL1A1::PDGFB fusion‐associated uterine fibrosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Rota Simone , Franza Andrea , Fabbroni Chiara , Paolini Biagio , Greco Francesca Gabriella , Alessi Alessandra , Padovano Barbara , Casali Paolo , Sanfilippo Roberta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal neoplasms of the uterus encompass a diverse group of tumors, with varying characteristics and origins, collectively accounting for 8% of uterine malignancies. The most common variants include uterine leiomyosarcoma, low‐grade and high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, adenosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma. Clinical presentation is often nonspecific and can lead to delayed diagnosis. Uterine sarcomas are generally aggressive, resulting in poorer prognosis compared to carcinomas. Recent advances in molecular techniques, such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS), have led to the identification of new subtypes of uterine sarcomas, including COL1A1::PDGFB fusion‐associated fibrosarcoma, which has a specific chromosomal translocation t(17;22)(q22;q13). Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is an effective treatment for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), marked by this translocation.CaseWe present the case of a 42‐year‐old woman diagnosed with COL1A1::PDGFB fusion‐associated uterine fibrosarcoma. The patient underwent total hysterectomy and excision of the tumor, initially misdiagnosed as a low‐grade leiomyosarcoma. Subsequent histological examination, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed the diagnosis. After 10 months, disease recurrence was detected, and Imatinib therapy was initiated at a dose of 400 mg daily. An allergic reaction led to a temporary discontinuation, but upon resumption with appropriate medication, a positive radiological response was observed. The patient achieved a complete remission after 2 years and is still on Imatinib treatment.ConclusionsCOL1A1::PDGFB fusion‐associated uterine fibrosarcoma is an extremely rare mesenchymal neoplasm. In a case we present herein, we treated a patient with imatinib as first‐line medical therapy. The patient is currently in complete remission after 37 months from treatment start. To the best of our knowledge, this represents a unique observation. We also provide a detailed literature review of the published cases so far. Prospective case series are needed to further understand the natural history of these tumors and optimize treatment strategies.
Recent Advances in Selenium‐Containing Non‐fullerene Acceptors for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lyu Li , Zhang Zaixin , Lyu Rongna , Zhu Shenbo , Cui Yongjie , Hu Huawei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe diversity in molecular structures and solution processability of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), particularly those containing selenium (Se), plays a pivotal role in advancing organic solar cells (OSCs). Among various molecular design strategies, the introduction of selenium atoms, characterized by their large covalent radius, loose electron cloud, and strong polarization properties, can enhance intermolecular Se‐Se interactions and improve the electron‐donating capability of π‐cores. This approach is considered a significant avenue for optimizing the photovoltaic performance of active layer materials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in selenium‐containing acceptor molecules. These include ITIC‐based fused ring NFAs, Y6‐based fused ring NFAs, Y6‐based polymer acceptors, non‐fused ring electron acceptors and their application in tandem and ternary OSCs. Additionally, we analyze the future prospects and development of selenium‐containing NFAs with the goal of achieving OSC efficiencies exceeding 20 %.
Revelation of the Microwave Absorption Properties of Nano‐Sized Doubly Substituted Hexagonal Ferrites
Authors: Idrees Mishal , Sadiq Imran , Khan Hasan M. , Sadiq Farhan , Hussain Sajjad , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe main theme of this work is to synthesize and investigate different properties of Pr3+‐Cu2+ substituted X‐type hexaferrite Sr2‐xPrxCo2Fe28‐yCuyO46 with concentration (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.1 and y = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) by adopting the sol–gel method. The XRD patterns show the single phase for all the samples. The Pr3+‐Cu2+ substitution in pure X‐type hexaferrites changes the structural parameters. The increment in dielectric properties with Pr3+‐Cu2+ substitution is observed and the patterns show anomalous dielectric behavior. The FTIR analysis also confirms the single phase for the prepared materials. The magnetic properties of the material are enhanced with additives. The difference in saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanence is observed on the basis of allocated cations onto the different lattice sites. The linear increase in saturation magnetization, remanence, and coercivity make them useful as permanent magnets. The thermal analysis is carried out to know the sintering temperature at which the single X‐type phase can be attained. The material exhibits the minimum value of reflection loss (microwave absorption) at higher frequencies that make this material useful to act as microwave absorbing material (MAM) for super high frequency (SHF) devices.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction integrated with membrane/adsorption‐based CO2 capture in gas‐diffusion electrodes and electrolytes
Authors: Rabiee Hesamoddin , Yan Penghui , Wang Hao , Zhu Zhonghua , Ge Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has attracted much attention in the last decade, owing to its unique advantages such as operation at ambient conditions, coupling with renewable electricity, and producing a wide range of products and commodities. The majority of CO2RR studies are focused on pure CO2 as feed, while in real CO2 waste streams, such as flue gas or biogas, CO2 concentration does not exceed 40%. Therefore, the economic feasibility of CO2RR and its carbon footprint are greatly limited by the CO2 purification steps before electrolysis ($70–100 per ton of CO2 for CO2/N2 separation). In recent years, studies have exhibited the importance of this matter by integrating CO2 capture and electroreduction in a single unit. Mostly, CO2 capture solutions as electrolytes have been under attention, and promising results have been achieved to significantly improve the overall economy of CO2RR. The focus on CO2 capture‐electroreduction integration can go beyond the solution/electrolyte‐based CO2 capture (e.g., amine solutions and ionic liquids) and other processes such as solid adsorption and membrane‐based processes, as more efficient options, can be potentially integrated with CO2 electroreduction in the gas‐diffusion electrode design. This article aims to review the recent efforts in integrating capture and electroreduction of CO2 and provides new perspectives in material selection and electrode design for membrane‐ and adsorption‐based CO2 capture‐reduction integration, in addition to the analysis of the economic feasibility of this integration.
Neuromuscular training improves muscle co‐activation and knee kinematics in female athletes with high risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Ramezani Farzaneh , Saki Farzaneh , Tahayori Behdad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeuromuscular deficits at the proximal or distal to the knee may contribute to knee valgus and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. A valgus or abducted position of the knee greater than 12° for females is suggested to be an indicator of the risk of lower extremity injuries. However, there is a lack of examination regarding neuromuscular patterns in both proximal and distal kinetic chains. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of neuromuscular training on knee valgus and co‐activation of the hip and ankle muscles during a countermovement jump in female athletes with a high risk of ACL injury. Twenty‐eight female athletes, with knee valgus greater than 12°, were randomly assigned into two groups: training (n = 14) and control (n = 14). The following measurements were taken before and after the intervention: co‐activation of Gluteus Maximus‐Tensor Fasciae Latae (GMax‐TFL), Gluteus Medius‐Adductor Longus (GMed‐AL), Tibialis Anterior‐Medial Gastrocnemius (TA‐MG), Tibialis Anterior‐Lateral Gastrocnemius (TA‐LG), Medial Gastrocnemius‐Lateral Gastrocnemius (MG‐LG) muscles, and DKV angle during single‐leg countermovement jump task. Following the intervention, the training group demonstrated increased co‐activation of muscles (except TA‐LG) (P < 0.05). The knee valgus angle in the training group decreased by 5.9° (P = 0.001). Our results demonstrated that neuromuscular training alters muscle activity patterns and the neuromuscular group demonstrated a clinically meaningful and statistical reduction in knee valgus.
Genetic deletion of astrocytic calcineurin B1 prevents cognitive impairment and neuropathology development in acute and chronic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tapella Laura , Dematteis Giulia , La Vitola Pietro , Leva Susanna , Tonelli Elisa , Raddi Marco , Delconti Marta , Dacomo Letizia , La Macchia Alberto , Murari Elisa , Talmon Maria , Malecka Justyna , Chrostek Gabriela , Grilli Mariagrazia , Colombo Laura , Salmona Mario , Forloni Gianluigi , Genazzani Armando A. , Balducci Claudia , Lim Dmitry 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) represents an urgent yet unmet challenge for modern society, calling for exploration of innovative targets and therapeutic approaches. Astrocytes, main homeostatic cells in the CNS, represent promising cell‐target. Our aim was to investigate if deletion of the regulatory CaNB1 subunit of calcineurin in astrocytes could mitigate AD‐related memory deficits, neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. We have generated two, acute and chronic, AD mouse models with astrocytic CaNB1 ablation (ACN‐KO). In the former, we evaluated the ability of β‐amyloid oligomers (AβOs) to impair memory and activate glial cells once injected in the cerebral ventricle of conditional ACN‐KO mice. Next, we generated a tamoxifen‐inducible astrocyte‐specific CaNB1 knock‐out in 3xTg‐AD mice (indACNKO‐AD). CaNB1 was deleted, by tamoxifen injection, in 11.7‐month‐old 3xTg‐AD mice for 4.4 months. Spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze; β‐amyloid plaques burden, neurofibrillary tangle deposition, reactive gliosis, and neuroinflammation were also assessed. The acute model showed that ICV injected AβOs in 2‐month‐old wild type mice impaired recognition memory and fostered a pro‐inflammatory microglia phenotype, whereas in ACN‐KO mice, AβOs were inactive. In indACNKO‐AD mice, 4.4 months after CaNB1 depletion, we found preservation of spatial memory and cognitive flexibility, abolishment of amyloidosis, and reduction of neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis, and neuroinflammation. Our results suggest that ACN is crucial for the development of cognitive impairment, AD neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. Astrocyte‐specific CaNB1 deletion is beneficial for both the abolishment of AβO‐mediated detrimental effects and treatment of ongoing AD‐related pathology, hence representing an intriguing target for AD therapy.
Exploring the impact of soil water variability and varietal diversity on alfalfa yield, nutritional quality, and farm profitability
Authors: Baral Rudra , Jagadish S. V. Krishna , Hein Nathan , Lollato Romulo P. , Shanoyan Aleksan , Giri Anil K. , Kim Jiyung , Kim Myungkyo , Min Doohong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite high nutritional and economic value, alfalfa yield has not been improved in the United States. Soil moisture critically influences alfalfa's yield and quality, affecting its physiological processes, nutrient uptake, and stand growth. Additionally, the maturity stage at harvest can significantly impact both hay yield and quality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of different soil moisture levels and harvesting times on forage yield, nutritive value, and the overall profitability of commercially cultivated alfalfa.MethodsTwo conventional and three lower‐lignin alfalfa varieties were planted in a randomized complete block with split plot design under drought, rainfed, and irrigation conditions in 2020 in Manhattan, Kansas, USA. The dry matter yield (DMY) and forage nutritive value were evaluated at late bud, early flowering, and 7 days after early flowering stages, respectively.ResultsDMY varied with production year, soil water availability, and growth stages, with drought conditions causing a decline in DMY of 5% to 38% in the second production year. Water conditions and maturity stages influenced crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Higher soil moisture and advancing maturity stages negatively impacted CP, IVDMD, and relative forage quality. The study revealed net profit margins of 62%, 64%, and 52% for drought‐prone, rainfed, and irrigated production, respectively.ConclusionsHarvest timing and irrigation practices were found to have substantial implications for forage yield and nutritive value of alfalfa. The yield‐quality trade‐off differed under drought and irrigation, with early harvesting leading to lower yields but higher protein content and digestibility. The study findings provide potential guidance for improving alfalfa hay yield, quality, and profitability.
How can countries respond to the health and care workforce crisis? Insights from international evidence
Authors: McPake Barbara , Dayal Prarthna , Zimmermann Julia , Williams Gemma A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFuture global health security requires a health and care workforce (HCWF) that can respond effectively to health crises as well as to changing health needs with ageing populations, a rise in chronic conditions and growing inequality. COVID‐19 has drawn attention to an impending HCWF crisis with a large projected shortfall in numbers against need. Addressing this requires countries to move beyond a focus on numbers of doctors, nurses and midwives to consider what kinds of healthcare workers can deliver the services needed; are more likely to stay in country, in rural and remote areas, and in health sector jobs; and what support they need to deliver high‐quality services. In this paper, which draws on a Policy Brief prepared for the World Health Organization (WHO) Fifth Global Forum on Human Resources for Health, we review the global evidence on best practices in organising, training, deploying, and managing the HCWF to highlight areas for strategic investments. These include (1). Increasing HCWF diversity to improve the skill‐mix and provide culturally competent care; (2). Introducing multidisciplinary teams in primary care; (3). Transforming health professional education with greater interprofessional education; (4). Re‐thinking employment and deployment systems to address HCWF shortages; (5). Improving HCWF retention by supporting healthcare workers and addressing migration through destination country policies that limit draining resources from countries with greatest need. These approaches are departures from current norms and hold substantial potential for building a sustainable and responsive HCWF.
The evolution of anesthesiology education: Embracing new technologies and teaching approaches
Authors: Bastola Priska , Atreya Alok , Bhandari Prawesh S. , Parajuli Subigya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsMedical education requires regular reforms to include emerging best practices and technologies, while also critically evaluating effectiveness of traditional didactic teaching methods. This manuscript examines the challenges and opportunities associated with modernizing the anesthesiology curriculum.MethodsNarrative review of literature on innovations in medical education, with a specific emphasis on anesthesiology training.ResultsEducators face difficulties implementing new teaching approaches and evaluating their effectiveness. However, active learning methods, blended with selected traditional techniques, can enhance learner engagement and competencies. Self‐directed learning and simulations prepare students for real‐world practice, while flipped classrooms and online platforms increase accessibility.ConclusionsA blended approach, integrating interactive technology alongside modified lectures and seminars, may optimize anesthesiology education. Despite the promise of improved pedagogies, further research is required to assess outcomes. By embracing innovation while retaining certain foundational methods, programs can equip anesthesiologists with modern skills. This evolution is key to meeting the needs of 21st‐century anesthesia care needs. Remaining at the forefront of this transformation will be vital in preparing competent future anesthesiologists through state‐of‐the‐art education.