bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay among breeding timing, brood size, food quantity, and nestling growth rate in the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo)
Authors: Hadad Ezra , Charter Motti , Ovadia Ofer , Shochat Eyal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Optimal clutch size theory predicts a trade-off between egg number and fledgling body mass, potentially affecting their survival rate. Yet, only a few studies have directly linked clutch or brood size to energy (food), nestling growth rate, and timing of breeding. We studied the relationship among all these variables in the Eurasian eagle owl. Of 150 eggs laid in 48 nests, 119 hatched and 117 nestlings fledged, indicating low nestling mortality. The number of eggs, hatchlings and fledglings (possibly indicating territory quality) decreased with ordinal date. The total amount of food brought to the nest increased with brood size, but the average amount per nestling decreased. Nestling growth rate (and thus probably fledgling body mass) was negatively correlated with brood size. A trade-off between brood size and fledgling survival may lessen the benefit of occupying food-rich territories. However, we suggest that fledglings from large broods, despite their relatively low body mass, may have higher survival rates owing to their relatively early fledging. This may be due to: (1) higher prey abundance in late spring compared with late summer and (2) a longer period before entering the cold season. Variation in brood size may therefore represent a set of strategies linked to prey abundance.
Interplay between inflammasomes and PD-1/PD-L1 and their implications in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Jiao Zhongyu , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The inflammasomes play crucial roles in inflammation and cancer development, while the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is critical for immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent research indicates a reciprocal regulatory relationship between inflammasomes and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in cancer development and PD-1 blockade treatment. By activating in diverse cells in tumor tissues, inflammasome upregulates PD-L1 level in the TME. Moreover, the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 activity by inflammasome activation involves natural killer cells, tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Conversely, PD-1 blockade can activate the inflammasome, potentially influencing treatment outcomes. The interplay between inflammasomes and PD-1/PD-L1 has profound and intricate effects on cancer development and treatment. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between inflammasomes and PD-1/PD-L1 in cancers, exploring their implications for tumorigenesis, metastasis and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance. The combined therapeutic strategies targeting both inflammasomes and checkpoint molecules hold promising potential as treatments for cancer.
Appetite-regulating hormones modulate odor perception and odor-evoked activity in hypothalamus and olfactory cortices
Authors: Zhao Yao , Bhutani Surabhi , Kahnt Thorsten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Odors guide food seeking, and food intake modulates olfactory function. This interaction is mediated by appetite-regulating hormones like ghrelin, insulin, and leptin, which alter activity in the rodent olfactory bulb, but their effects on downstream olfactory cortices have not yet been established in humans. The olfactory tract connects the olfactory bulb to the cortex through 3 main striae, terminating in the piriform cortex (PirC), amygdala (AMY), olfactory tubercule (OT), and anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Here, we test the hypothesis that appetite-regulating hormones modulate olfactory processing in the endpoints of the olfactory tract and the hypothalamus. We collected odor-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses and plasma levels of ghrelin, insulin, and leptin from human subjects (n = 25) after a standardized meal. We found that a hormonal composite measure, capturing variance relating positively to insulin and negatively to ghrelin, correlated inversely with odor intensity ratings and fMRI responses to odorized vs. clean air in the hypothalamus, OT, and AON. No significant correlations were found with activity in PirC or AMY, the endpoints of the lateral stria. Exploratory whole-brain analyses revealed significant correlations near the diagonal band of Broca and parahippocampal gyrus. These results demonstrate that high (low) blood plasma concentrations of insulin (ghrelin) decrease perceived odor intensity and odor-evoked activity in the cortical targets of the medial and intermediate striae of the olfactory tract, as well as the hypothalamus. These findings expand our understanding of the cortical mechanisms by which metabolic hormones in humans modulate olfactory processing after a meal.
Adaptation of Chagas Disease Screening Recommendations for a Community of At-risk HIV in the United States
Authors: Hayon Jesica , Lupo Sofia , Poveda Cristina , Jones Kathryn M , Qian Qian , Wu Hulin , Giordano Thomas P , Fleischmann Charles J , Bern Caryn , Whitman Jeffrey D , Clark Eva H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is underdiagnosed in the United States. Improved screening strategies are needed, particularly for people at risk for life-threatening sequelae of CD, including people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH). Here we report results of a CD screening strategy applied at a large HIV clinic serving an at-risk population.
Unraveling the effect of temperature and humidity on the life cycle ofDiatraea saccharalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the impact on pest outbreaks
Authors: Carbognin Éllen R , Benedito Antone S , Ferreira Cláudia P , Fernandes Odair A 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTemperature and humidity are considered the main abiotic factors that affect both the development and survival of ectothermic organisms. In this study, we estimated the development time as well as the thermal requirements of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794; Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a key insect pest of sugarcane and discussed the influence of temperature and relative humidity and its infestation intensity in a scenario of climate change. The models Brière-1 and Ikemoto-Takai provided the best fit to the data of development rate versus temperature. The average life cycle (from egg to adult) ranged from 39.21 ± 4.84 at 32 °C to 137.10 ± 7.47 at 18 °C days. The thermal constant and average base temperature were 547.69 degree-days and 13.64 °C, respectively. The number of larval instars varied from 4 to 7 depending on the temperature, being higher at lower temperatures. The thermal range comprised the interval from 16.7 °C to 33.9 °C and the optimum temperature was estimated as 27.4 °C. Locations with elevated temperature (≥25 °C) and high relative humidity (≥70%) presented larger populations of D. saccharalis. Our findings show that the infestation pressure of this species is highly influenced by both temperature and humidity, and the studied models allow to forecast pest outbreaks. In the context of climate change, information about the thermal range and the optimum temperature contributes to predicting the spatial-temporal distribution of D. saccharalis and, consequently, aids decision making in pest management.
Characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation treated with direct oral anticoagulants and new insights into inappropriate dosing: results from the French National Prospective Registry: PAFF
Authors: Guenoun Maxime , Cohen Serge , Villaceque Marc , Sharareh Ali , Schwartz Jerome , Hoffman Olivier , Dib Jean-Claude , Ouazana Leon , Assouline Serge , Parrens Eric , Garban Thierry , Pradeau Vincent , Guedj-Meynier Dominique , Lequeux Benoit , Cohen Charlotte , Durand Philippe , Dievart Francois , Dhanjal Tarvinder S , Sabouret Pierre , Lellouche Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Since the introduction of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) for atrial fibrillation (AF) therapy, inappropriate and/or underdosing of these drugs has been a major clinical challenge. We evaluated the characteristics of patients with AF treated with inappropriate and low-dose DOACs.

Methods and results
Patients with AF treated with inappropriate and low-dose DOACs from October 2021 to December 2021 were evaluated from the French National Prospective Registry (PAFF). We evaluated 1890 patients with AF receiving DOACs (apixaban 55%, dabigatran 7%, and rivaroxaban 38%). Inappropriate dosing was noted in 18% of the population. Patients with appropriate dosing had less comorbidities: younger age (75 ± 10 vs. 82 ± 8 years old, P &lt; 0.0001), reduced chronic renal failure (26 vs. 61%, P &lt; 0.0001), and lower CHA2DS2VASc and HASBLED scores (3 ± 2 vs. 4 ± 3, P &lt; 0.0001; 2 ±1 vs. 2 ± 2, P &lt; 0.0001), respectively. In multivariate analysis, older age (P &lt; 0.0001) and a higher CHA2DS2VASc score (P = 0.0056) were independently associated with inappropriate DOAC dosing. Among 472 patients (27%) treated with low-dose rivaroxaban or apixaban, 46% were inappropriately underdosed. Patients inappropriately underdosed were younger (82.3 ± 8.4 vs. 85.9 ± 5.9 years, P &lt; 0.0001) with less chronic renal disease (47 vs. 98%, P &lt; 0.0001). However, these patients had higher rates of prior haemorrhagic events (18 vs. 10%, P = 0.01), clopidogrel use (11 vs. 3%, P = 0.0002), and apixaban prescription (74 vs. 50%, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
Within this large registry, DOACs were associated with inappropriate dosing in 18% of cases. Independent predictors of inappropriate dosing were high CHA2DS2VASc scores and older age. Moreover, 46% of patients treated with low-dose DOACs were inappropriately underdosed and more frequently in patients treated with apixaban.
“We’re trained to trust our patients”: a qualitative study on the general practitioners’ trust in patients for colorectal cancer shared care
Authors: Yong Faith R , Naicker Sundresan , Uebel Kerry , Agaliotis Maria , Chan Christopher , Nguyen John D T , Pathirana Thanya , Hawkey Alexandra , Vuong Kylie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
In a therapeutic partnership, physicians rely on patients to describe their health conditions, join in shared decision-making, and engage with supported self-management activities. In shared care, the patient, primary care, and specialist services partner together using agreed processes and outputs for the patient to be placed at the centre of their care. However, few empirical studies have explored physicians’ trust in patients and its implications for shared care models.

Aim
To explore trust in patients amongst general practitioners (GPs), and the impacts of trust on GPs’ willingness to engage in new models of care, such as colorectal cancer shared care.

Methods
GP participants were recruited through professional networks for semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were integrity checked, coded inductively, and themes developed iteratively.

Results
Twenty-five interviews were analysed. Some GPs view trust as a responsibility of the physician and have a high propensity for trusting patients. For other GPs, trust in patients is developed over successive consultations based on patient characteristics such as honesty, reliability, and proactivity in self-care. GPs were more willing to engage in colorectal cancer shared care with patients with whom they have a developed, trusting relationship.

Conclusions
Trust plays a significant role in the patient’s access to shared care. The implementation of shared care should consider the relational dynamics between the patient and health care providers.
Sustainable production of single-cell oil and protein from wastepaper hydrolysate: identification and optimization of aRhodotorula mucilaginosastrain as a promising yeast
Authors: Campos-Valdez Amador , Kirchmayr Manuel R , Barrera-Martínez Iliana , Casas-Godoy Leticia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of wastepaper hydrolysate as a sustainable and low-cost carbon source for single-cell oil and protein production, attending to the growing need for alternative feedstocks and waste management strategies. Wastepaper, characterized by its high carbohydrate content, was subjected to enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic treatments for carbohydrate release. The chemo-enzymatic treatment performed better, yielding 65.3 g l−1 of fermentable sugars. A total of 62 yeast strains were screened for single-cell oil accumulation, identifying Rhodotorula mucilaginosa M1K4 as the most advantageous oleaginous yeast. M1K4 lipid production was optimized in liquid culture, and its fatty acid profile was analyzed, showing a high content of industrially valuable fatty acids, particularly palmitic (28%) and oleic (51%). Batch-culture of M1K4 in a 3-l reactor demonstrated the strain’s ability to utilize wastepaper hydrolysate as a carbon source, with dry cell weight, total lipid and protein production of 17.7 g l−1, 4.5 g l−1, and 2.1 g l−1, respectively. Wastepaper as a substrate provides a sustainable solution for waste management and bioproduction. This research highlights the potential of R. mucilaginosa for lipid and protein production from wastepaper hydrolysate.
Copy number variations and their effect on the plasma proteome
Authors: Schmitz Daniel , Li Zhiwei , Lo Faro Valeria , Rask-Andersen Mathias , Ameur Adam , Rafati Nima , Johansson Åsa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Structural variations, including copy number variations (CNVs), affect around 20 million bases in the human genome and are common causes of rare conditions. CNVs are rarely investigated in complex disease research because most CNVs are not targeted on the genotyping arrays or the reference panels for genetic imputation. In this study, we characterize CNVs in a Swedish cohort (N = 1,021) using short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and use long-read WGS for validation in a subcohort (N = 15), and explore their effect on 438 plasma proteins. We detected 184,182 polymorphic CNVs and identified 15 CNVs to be associated with 16 proteins (P &lt; 8.22×10−10). Of these, 5 CNVs could be perfectly validated using long-read sequencing, including a CNV which was associated with measurements of the osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR) and located upstream of OSCAR, a gene important for bone health. Two other CNVs were identified to be clusters of many short repetitive elements and another represented a complex rearrangement including an inversion. Our findings provide insights into the structure of common CNVs and their effects on the plasma proteome, and highlights the importance of investigating common CNVs, also in relation to complex diseases.
Discontinuous Galerkin method for solving viscoacoustic wave equations with amplitude dissipation and phase dispersion separation in isotropic and anisotropic media
Authors: Huang Jiandong , Yang Dinghui , He Xijun 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
The standard-linear-solid (SLS) theory works well for viscoelasticity. However, the coupling of amplitude dissipation and phase dispersion makes it impossible to investigate their effects separately by the discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM). In this paper, we have derived newly viscoacoustic wave equations with amplitude dissipation and phase dispersion separation in isotropic and anisotropic media, based on a Fourier method, which is suitable for using a time–space-domain DGM on unstructured meshes. The basic framework of DGM is constructed and the amplitude-dissipation effect and the phase-dispersion effect in viscoacoustic wave equations are investigated. The original equation is first transformed into the frequency–wavenumber domain, where the amplitude dissipation and phase dispersion are separated effectively, and then the decoupled formulation is converted back to the time–space domain. The new equivalent and approximate equations can be obtained. Compared with the original equation, the newly approximated equation enables us to separate the amplitude-loss and phase-delay terms, respectively, and experiences four kinds of effects, namely acoustic effect, only amplitude-dissipation effect, only phase-dispersion effect and both amplitude-dissipation and phase-dispersion effect. Moreover, the stability condition and numerical dispersion for using DGM to solve the new and old equations are presented. Several numerical examples are used to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the modified approximate equations in viscoacoustic isotropic and anisotropic media. The numerical results in a cave and SEG/EAGE salt models demonstrate that the new equations combined with DGM have performances on viscoacoustic media with complex geological structures.
Spectral-infinite-element simulations of seismic wave propagation in self-gravitating, rotating 3-D Earth models
Authors: Gharti Hom Nath , Eaton Will , Tromp Jeroen 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
Although observation of gravity perturbations induced by earthquakes is possible, simulation of seismic wave propagation in a self-gravitating, rotating Earth model with 3-D heterogeneity is challenging due to the numerical complexities associated with the unbounded Poisson/Laplace equation that governs gravity perturbations. Therefore, gravity perturbations are generally omitted, and only the background gravity is taken into account using the so-called Cowling approximation. However, gravity perturbations may be significant for large earthquakes (Mw ≥ 6.0) and long-period responses.
In this study, we develop a time-domain solver based on the spectral-infinite-element approach, which combines the spectral element method inside the Earth domain with a mapped-infinite-element method in the infinite space outside. This combination allows us to solve the complete, coupled momentum-gravitational equations in a fully discretized domain while accommodating complex 3-D Earth models. We compute displacement and gravity perturbations considering various Earth models, including Preliminary Reference Earth Model and S40RTS and conduct comprehensive benchmarks of our method against the spherical harmonics normal-mode approach and the direct radial integration method. Our 3-D simulations accommodate topography, bathymetry, rotation, ellipticity and oceans. Results show that our technique is accurate and stable for long simulations. Our method provides a new scope for incorporating earthquake-induced gravity perturbations into source and adjoint tomographic inversions.
Validity of Clinical Severity Scores for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheikh Zakariya , Potter Ellie , Li You , Cohen Rachel A , Dos Santos Gaël , Bont Louis , Nair Harish ,   PROMISE Investigators, Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Osei-Yeboah Richard , Paget John , Beutels Philippe , Teirlinck Anne , Nohynek Hanna , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Openshaw Peter , Li You , Aerssens Jeroen , Ispas Gabriela , Kumar Veena , Htar Tin , Begier Elizabeth , Atwell Jessica , Vernhes Charlotte , Kramer Rolf , Bangert Mathieu , Dos Santos Gaël , Cohen Rachel , Last Theo , Ahani Bahar , Machin Nuria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread respiratory pathogen, and RSV-related acute lower respiratory tract infections are the most common cause of respiratory hospitalization in children &lt;2 years of age. Over the last 2 decades, a number of severity scores have been proposed to quantify disease severity for RSV in children, yet there remains no overall consensus on the most clinically useful score.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of English-language publications in peer-reviewed journals published since January 2000 assessing the validity of severity scores for children (≤24 months of age) with RSV and/or bronchiolitis, and identified the most promising scores. For included articles, (1) validity data were extracted, (2) quality of reporting was assessed using the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis checklist (TRIPOD), and (3) quality was assessed using the Prediction Model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). To guide the assessment of the validity data, standardized cutoffs were employed, and an explicit definition of what we required to determine a score was sufficiently validated.

Results
Our searches identified 8541 results, of which 1779 were excluded as duplicates. After title and abstract screening, 6670 references were excluded. Following full-text screening and snowballing, 32 articles, including 31 scores, were included. The most frequently assessed scores were the modified Tal score and the Wang Bronchiolitis Severity Score; none of the scores were found to be sufficiently validated according to our definition. The reporting and/or design of all the included studies was poor. The best validated score was the Bronchiolitis Score of Sant Joan de Déu, and a number of other promising scores were identified.

Conclusions
No scores were found to be sufficiently validated. Further work is warranted to validate the existing scores, ideally in much larger datasets.
Adenosine Triphosphate Release From Influenza-Infected Lungs Enhances Neutrophil Activation and Promotes Disease Progression
Authors: Ledderose Carola , Valsami Eleftheria-Angeliki , Elevado Mark , Junger Wolfgang G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enhances neutrophil responses, but little is known about the role of ATP in influenza infections.

Methods
We used a mouse influenza model to study if ATP release is associated with neutrophil activation and disease progression.

Results
Influenza infection increased pulmonary ATP levels 5-fold and plasma ATP levels 3-fold vs healthy mice. Adding ATP at those concentrations to blood from healthy mice primed neutrophils and enhanced CD11b and CD63 expression, CD62L shedding, and reactive oxygen species production in response to formyl peptide receptor stimulation. Influenza infection also primed neutrophils in vivo, resulting in formyl peptide receptor–induced CD11b expression and CD62L shedding up to 3 times higher than that of uninfected mice. In infected mice, large numbers of neutrophils entered the lungs. These cells were significantly more activated than the peripheral neutrophils of infected mice and pulmonary neutrophils of healthy mice. Plasma ATP levels of infected mice and influenza disease progression corresponded with the numbers and activation level of their pulmonary neutrophils.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that ATP release from the lungs of infected mice promotes influenza disease progression by priming peripheral neutrophils, which become strongly activated and cause pulmonary tissue damage after their recruitment to the lungs.