bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of Thin Films of SiOxCyH in a Surfatron Microwave Plasma Reactor with Hexamethyldisiloxane as Precursor
Authors: Walkiewicz‐Pietrzykowska A. , Cotrino J. , González‐Elipe A. R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThin films of SiOxCyH have been prepared by plasma enhanced (PE)CVD in a surface‐wave, microwave reactor. The films were deposited in direct mode by using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as the precursor, and mixtures of oxygen/argon as the plasma gas. Analysis of the plasma by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) showed that, under reaction conditions, the molecules of the precursor are not greatly fragmented in the plasma. This suggests that polymerization occurs after adsorption of the precursor species on the surface of the growing films. The chemical structure and composition of the films were examined by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A strong correlation is found between the composition and bonding structure of the thin films and the oxygen:HMDSO ratio in the plasma gas. Raising the oxygen concentration leads to an increase in the growth rate and to the removal of the organic groups from the films that, for O2:HMDSO ratios greater than 0.8, reach a composition close to silicon dioxide. It has been shown that the Auger parameter of silicon determined by XPS depends on the composition of the films (e.g., 1714.5 for O2:HMDSO = 0, and 1712.3 for O2:HMDSO = 0.75). It is shown that this parameter can be taken as a measurement of the polarizability of the films. It is concluded that surfatron launchers are a versatile set‐up for an efficient control of the composition and properties of thin films of SiOxCyH prepared by PECVD.
Deposition of HfO2 Films by Liquid Injection MOCVD Using a New Monomeric Alkoxide Precursor, [Hf(dmop)4]
Authors: Loo Y. F. , O'Kane R. , Jones A. C. , Aspinall H. C. , Potter R. J. , Chalker P. R. , Bickley J. F. , Taylor S. , Smith L. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThin films of HfO2 have been deposited by liquid injection metal‐organic (MO)CVD using the new alkoxide precursor [Hf(dmop)4] (dmop = 2‐(4,4‐dimethyloxazolinyl)‐propanolate). The crystal structure of [Hf(dmop)4] has been determined, and shows it to be a six‐coordinate monomeric complex. [Hf(dmop)4] is volatile and is significantly less reactive to air and moisture than simple Hf alkoxide complexes such as [Hf(OtBu)4]. The HfO2 thin films were deposited over substrate temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 650 °C. Analysis by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the films are amorphous at deposition temperatures of 400 °C and below. At substrate temperatures above 450 °C, the films adopt a monoclinic (α‐HfO2) phase with a fiber texture dependent upon growth temperature. Analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) shows that the films are non‐stoichiometric and contain residual carbon (2.1 – 11.6 at.‐%) and nitrogen (0.4 – 1.9 at.‐%).
Editorial: 10 Years of CVD
Authors: Hitchman M. L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIt has been said that ‘the ultimate function of prophecy is not to tell the future, but to make it.’ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of CVD, the Editor, Michael Hitchman, looks back at the predictions made at the launch of the journal to see just how well CVD has succeeded in making its own future over the past ten years, and to prove that the prophet might indeed not be without honor, even in his own land...
Supramolecular Cations of (S)‐, (R)‐, and (RS)‐Indan‐1‐aminium(dibenzo[18]crown‐6) in Magnetic [Ni(dmit)2]– Salts
Authors: Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Matsuura Kazumasa , Nishihara Sadafumi , Noro Shin‐ichiro , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMagnetic crystals were formed using supramolecular cation structures that consist of (S)‐AIH+(dibenzo[18]crown‐6), (R)‐AIH+(dibenzo[18]crown‐6), or (RS)‐AIH+(dibenzo[18]crown‐6) (AIH+ = indan‐1‐aminium) as the counter cation to [Ni(dmit)2]– ions (dmit2– = 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate), which bear one S = 1/2 spin. The resulting salts, (S)‐AIH+(dibenzo[18]crown‐6)[Ni(dmit)2] (1), (R)‐AIH+(dibenzo[18]crown‐6)[Ni(dmit)2] (2), and (RS)‐AIH+(dibenzo[18]crown‐6)[Ni(dmit)2] (3), feature supramolecular cations that are formed through the inclusion of the ammonium moiety of AIH+ into the cavity of dibenzo[18]crown‐6 through N–H···O hydrogen bonds. Salts 1, 2, and 3 possess space groups of P21, P21, and P2/m, respectively, and possess similar molecular packings. Chiral cations (S)‐AIH+ (salt 1) and (R)‐AIH+ (salt 2) yielded chiral crystals, whereas racemic (RS)‐AIH+ (salt 3) afforded a racemic crystal with a mirror plane. Within the crystals, alternating layers of [Ni(dmit)2]– ions and(AIH+)(dibenzo[18]crown‐6) cations formed a layered structure along the b axis. Since the 21 axis of salts 1 and 2 were observed along the b axis, effective chiral magnetic interactions between the [Ni(dmit)2]– ions were not observed. In the ac plane, weak interactions among the [Ni(dmit)2]– ions formed a two‐dimensional layer. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibilities of salts 1, 2, and 3 exhibited aCurie–Weiss‐type behavior, which shows weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the [Ni(dmit)2]– ions, with Weiss temperatures of –2.9, –2.9, and –4.2 K, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Cocrystalline Compound of a Rare Earth Metalloporphyrin with Fullerene {[TPPYb(μ‐OH)2Yb(THF)TPP]·C60}n
Authors: Zhang Jie , Cai Ruifang , Chen Minqing , Weng Linhong , Zhou Xigeng 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe reaction of YbI2(THF)2 with TPPLi2 (TPP = 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin) in THF, and then with 0.5 equiv. of C60, which was solvated in toluene beforehand, gave the title compound {[TPPYb(μ‐OH)2Yb(THF)TPP]·C60}n, which is the first example of a rare earth metallofullerene cocrystal compound. X‐ray structural analyses indicate that this compound displays a complicated supramolecular structure, which contains some unique noncovalent interactionsbetween C60 and the rare earth metalloporphyrin units. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Immunomodulatory α‐Galactoglycosphingolipids: Synthesis of 2'‐Fluoro‐2'‐deoxy‐α‐galactosylceramide and an Evaluation of Its Immunostimulating Properties
Authors: Barbieri Lucia , Costantino Valeria , Fattorusso Ernesto , Mangoni Alfonso , Basilico Nicoletta , Mondani Monica , Taramelli Donatella 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn the framework of a project to assess the immunomodulating properties of α‐galactosyl glycosphingolipids, the total synthesis of 1‐O‐(2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl)‐2‐docosanoylamino‐1,3,4‐octadecanetriol (1), a 2'‐fluoro analogue of the immunostimulating α‐galactoglycosphingolipids, was accomplished. The glycosidation reaction of the azido precursor of sphingosine was performed using the Mukaiyama glycosidation reaction. The stimulation of mouse splenocyte proliferation by the 2'‐fluoro analogue was highly reduced compared to that of the α‐galactoglycosphingolipids, thereby confirming that a free galactose 2‐OH group is essential for the immunostimulatory activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Regioselectivity of Michael Additions to 3‐(Pyridin‐3‐yl or Pyrimidin‐2‐yl)propenoates and Their N‐Oxides – Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Lewandowska Elzbieta , Chatfield David C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe demonstrate that nucleophilic addition to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds can be redirected from the usual β‐carbon (Michael) to an α‐carbon regioselectivity by attaching a π‐deficient aromatic substituent to the β‐carbon atom. In particular, propanethiol addition to 3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl or pyrimidin‐2‐yl)propenoate gives a β‐carbon adduct, while addition to the corresponding more π‐deficient N‐oxides gives the α‐adduct or a mixture of α‐ and β‐adducts. This adds to the number of carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions at the α‐position of Michael receptors documented recently. Density functional calculations reveal that the regioselectivity is due to a combination of reduction of the barrier for α‐addition and increase of the barriers for β‐addition and carbonyl addition as the π‐deficient character of the aromatic substituent is increased. The calculations predict a significant solvent effect on the regioselectivity in some cases. The regioselectivity is also consistent with Hammett constants σ–. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐Hydroxystilbenoids by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Ferré‐Filmon Karine , Delaude Lionel , Demonceau Albert , Noels Alfred F. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn efficient and highly stereoselective synthetic procedure is reported for the construction of symmetrical and unsymmetrical (E)‐polymethoxystilbene and (E)‐polyhydroxystilbene derivatives. The strategy rests on a cross‐metathesis reaction catalyzed by stable, well‐defined (alkylidene)ruthenium complexes, in particular the second‐generation Grubbs catalyst [RuCl2(=CHPh)(SIMes)(PCy3)] [SIMes = 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene]. The metathesis of unprotected phenolic styrenes is illustrated by the synthesis of the important phytoalexins (E)‐3,4',5‐trihydroxystilbene (resveratrol) and (E)‐3,3',4,5'‐tetrahydroxystilbene(piceatannol). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A DFT Study of the Concerted Cyclisation of 3‐Azidopropenal to Isoxazole:Is it a Pseudopericyclic Reaction According to Its Magnetic Properties?
Authors: Peña‐Gallego Angeles , Rodríguez‐Otero Jesús , Cabaleiro‐Lago Enrique M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA comprehensive B3LYP/6‐31+G(2d,p) study of the nature of the concerted cyclisation of 3‐azidopropenal to isoxazole was conducted. For this purpose, the complete pathway was determined and changes in different magnetic properties [magnetic susceptibility (χ), magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (χanis) and the nucleus‐independent chemical shifts (NICS)] were monitored along the reaction profile with a view to estimating the aromatisation associated with the process. We have also applied the ACID (anisotropy of the current‐induced density) method with the same intention. Analysis of the results in depth indicates a pseudocoarctate character for this reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Isolation of Phlorin‐Dipyrrin Conjugates from the Acid‐Catalyzed Condensation of Dipyrromethanes and Aldehydes
Authors: Gryko Daniel T. , Koszarna Beata 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe product distribution of the acid‐mediated condensation of dipyrromethanes and aldehydes was studied and a novel type of macrocycle phlorin‐dipyrrin conjugate was isolated and identified by X‐ray analysis. The generality of its formation from sterically hindered dipyrromethanes and pentafluorophenyldipyrromethane was demonstrated. The influence of the meso‐aryl groups on the stability of the phlorin was studied. The reported two‐step synthesis of a phlorin derivative is one of the simplest routes leading to this type of molecules. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Transannular Hydride Migration in Pseudo‐Geminally Substituted [2.2]Paracyclophanes: A Vinylogous Pinacol Rearrangement
Authors: Birsa M. Lucian , Jones Peter G. , Hopf Henning 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA vinylogous pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement is reported that takes place although the two hydroxyl groups are formally separated by seven bonds. It involves a transannular hydride shift that occurs between the benzylic positions of the pseudo‐geminally substituted [2.2]paracyclophanes 1a–c, 7, 8 and 9. Under mild acidic conditions the corresponding pseudo‐geminally substituted cyclic ethers were established as stable intermediates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
New Insights into the Chemistry of gem‐Bis(phosphonates): Unexpected Rearrangement of Michael‐Type Acceptors
Authors: Szajnman Sergio H. , García Liñares Guadalupe , Moro Pablo , Rodriguez Juan B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe use of tetraethyl ethylidenebis(phosphonate) as a Michael acceptor with different nucleophiles was investigated. It was found that in some cases this compound undergoes phosphate removal, depending on the nature of the nucleophile. The chemical behavior of its epoxy derivative tetraethyl oxiranylidenebis(phosphonate) as an electrophile was also studied. This compound underwent a very attractive and remarkable phosphonate‐phosphate rearrangement resulting in the enol phosphate 8 regardless of the nucleophile employed. Different mechanistic studies were conducted in an attempt to explain the mechanisms involved. To the best of our knowledge, this reaction constitutes a remarkable novelty, being the first reported rearrangement reaction of an epoxy derivative of a gem‐bis(phosphonate). In addition, evidence supporting the involvement of a radical or a polar mechanism, depending on the nature of the nucleophile, is discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Properties of an Unsymmetrical Triazole‐Functionalized (Phthalocyaninato)zinc Complex
Authors: Vagin Sergej , Frickenschmidt Antje , Kammerer Bernd , Hanack Michael 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of 5,6‐dicyano‐1H‐1,2,3‐benzotriazole (2) was significantly simplified and its overall yield was increased. This opens up the possibility for an extended use of 2 as a precursor for triazole‐functionalized phthalocyanines. One of them, the unsymmetrical {9,10,16,17,23,24‐hexakis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenoxy)[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5‐b]phthalocyaninato}‐zinc (5) was prepared in a statistical condensation of 2 and 4,5‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenoxy)phthalonitrile (3) with subsequent separation by column chromatography. The triazole‐functionalized (phthalocyanine)zinc complex 5 shows interesting spectral properties in solutions depending on the chemical medium because of the reactions which are typical for the triazole fragment. These are acid ionization of NH, coordination to metal ions, N‐alkylation and N‐acylation, among others. Compound 5 was characterized in detail using UV/Vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF), and elemental analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Preparation of Conformationally Constrained α2 Antagonists:The Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Approach
Authors: Bonnaud Bernard , Funes Philippe , Jubault Nathalie , Vacher Bernard 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe aim of the research was to discover antagonists at α2 receptor subtypes potentially more selective than known compounds. We focused on new, conformationally restricted analogues of atipamezole. The key step in the synthetic sequences leading to target compounds relied on a rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction, the outcome of which varied with the nature of the diazo styrene precursor. Thus, depending on the substitution pattern of the double bond and the electronic properties of the diazo precursors, the cyclopropanes 2 or 7, naphtalenes 8, or pyrazolines 17 were formed. The byproducts 8 and 17 originated from different, nonoverlapping mechanisms. Among the racemates synthesized, three compounds (1a, 22a, and 22b) showed increased selectivity for α2A vs. α2B and α2C receptor subtypes, and consequently were prepared in enantiomerically pure form. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
High‐Yielding Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Triazole‐Linked Glycodendrimers by Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Joosten John A. F. , Tholen Niels T. H. , Ait El Maate Fatna , Brouwer Arwin J. , van Esse G. Wilma , Rijkers Dirk T. S. , Liskamp Rob M. J. , Pieters Roland J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA facile and high‐yielding synthesis of multivalent 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked glycodendrimers is described. Azido carbohydrates are linked by a CuI‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction to dendritic acetylenes using microwave irradiation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Three‐Phase Microemulsion/Sol‐Gel System for Aqueous Catalytic Hydroformylation of Hydrophobic Alkenes
Authors: Abu‐Reziq Raed , Avnir David , Blum Jochanan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe extended the three‐phase transport methodology to the catalytic hydroformylation of alkenes. The method enables to carry out an all‐hydrophobic reaction – substrate, product and catalyst – in water. The alkene is microemulsified in the aqueous medium and the solubilized substrate is assumed to be carried to an organometallic rhodium catalyst entrapped within a partially hydrophobicized silica sol‐gel matrix. The substrate is then spilled into the porous heterogenized catalyst in which the hydroformylation takes place. The products formed are desorbed from the ceramic material and microemulsified by the same surfactant. Upon breaking of the microemulsion the products are separated. The heterogenized catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and be recycled. The hydroformylation process was carried out on various alkenes with reaction yields from ca. 62 to 99 %. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Characterization of 6q abnormalities in childhood acute myeloid leukemia and identification of a novel t(6;11)(q24.1;p15.5) resulting in a NUP98–C6orf80 fusion in a case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tosi Sabrina , Ballabio Erica , Teigler‐Schlegel Andrea , Boultwood Jackie , Bruch Jochen , Harbott Jochen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractChromosome abnormalities of 6q are not frequently observed in myeloid disorders. In this article, we report the incidence of these chromosome changes in childhood myeloid leukemia as 2%–4% based on the cytogenetic database of a single institution. We applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to characterize precisely the types of 6q abnormalities in seven patients (six with acute myeloid leukemia and one with myelodysplastic syndrome). They carried various translocations involving different breakpoints in 6q, as confirmed by FISH using a whole‐chromosome‐6 paint. Four cases were reported as t(6;11), although the breakpoints varied. Among these, we identified a novel translocation, t(6;11)(q24.1;p15.5), in a patient with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Molecular cytogenetic studies using the PAC clone RP5‐1173K1 localized the genomic breakpoint on chromosome 11 to within the NUP98 gene. The breakpoint on chromosome 6 was narrowed down to a 500‐kb region between BAC clones RP11‐721P14 and RP11‐39H10. Reverse‐transcription PCR was performed using a forward primer specific for NUP98 and a reverse primer for the candidate gene in the 500‐kb interval in 6q. This experiment resulted in the identification of a new fusion between NUP98 and C6orf80. Further studies will aim to fully characterize C6orf80 and will elucidate the role of this new NUP98 fusion in myeloid leukemia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emotional availability: Differential predictions to infant attachment and kindergarten adjustment based on observation time and context
Authors: Biringen Zeynep , Damon Jamie , Grigg Wendy , Mone Jen , Pipp‐Siegel Sandra , Skillern Shauna , Stratton Janie 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTwo studies are used to illustrate the importance of context and length of time in the use of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) to predict aspects of child development. The purpose of the first study was to examine whether prediction of attachment by the EAS is better with increasing amounts of time. We scored emotional availability (EA) every 15 min for a total of 2 hr, with correlations showing an increasingly stronger relation with attachment with increasing time. In addition, difference scores were calculated between the first and the last 15 min for each EAS dimension. The difference score was significantly higher for the insecure group, suggesting that we need more observation time for the prediction of insecure attachments than is the case for the prediction of secure attachments. The second study investigated whether EA is differentially predictive based on context. We explored play contexts versus reunion contexts. We also explored the relations with other indices of child development. Results revealed that some dimensions of EA (e.g., maternal nonhostility) are difficult to detect outside of a stress context. Maternal nonhostility during the reunion (but not the play situation) was correlated with child aggression in the kindergarten classroom. In addition, most dimensions of EA assessed in the reunion context were better predictors of teacher reports of kindergarten adjustment than was EA assessed in the play situation.
Negative emotional reactivity and regulation in 12‐month‐olds following emotional challenge: Contributions of maternal–infant emotional availability in a low‐income sample
Authors: Little Christina , Carter Alice S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe predicted that the quality of mother–infant play as measured by the second edition of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1993) would be significantly associated with infant emotion regulation over and above infant emotional reactivity in response to an emotionally challenging event. Forty‐five 12‐month‐old infants and their mothers participated in a play session and a protocol designed to elicit infant emotional reactivity and emotion regulation. Emotional reactivity (initial negative response to stress) was conceptualized as reflective of infant temperament while emotion regulation was expected to be associated with emotional availability (EA). Dyads were primarily African American (72%), unmarried (93%), and low income. When compared to most studies using the EAS, this sample was characterized by higher levels of nonoptimal EA in both children and mothers. The expectation that EA would be related to infant emotion regulation was supported. Greater maternal hostility was significantly associated with infant difficulty in regulating distress during an emotion challenge and marginally associated with difficulty in emotion regulation in the postchallenge conditions, over and above the impact of emotional reactivity. There also were trends for infants from less emotionally available dyads to be more likely to experience difficulties in emotion regulation during and after the emotional challenge condition than infants from more emotional available dyads, over and above reactivity.
Gender and patterns of emotional availability in mother–toddler and father–toddler dyads
Authors: Lovas Gretchen S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRecent research has revealed gender differences in emotional communication and affect regulation during early mother–child interactions that are consistent with later gender differences in relational behavior. The current study extends those findings to father–child interactions. Parent–toddler dyads were videotaped during quiet indoor play when the toddlers were 19 and 24 months old. The observations were coded with Biringen, Robinson, and Emde's (1998) Emotional Availability scales (3rd ed.), which yields scores for parent sensitivity, structuring, nonintrusiveness, and nonhostility, and for child responsiveness to and involvement of the parent. Analyses of mean differences revealed a consistent pattern of larger parent than child gender differences. Dyadic analyses revealed more complex results. Mother–daughter dyads displayed the highest scores, followed by mother–son, then father–daughter, and finally father–son dyads for all variables but hostility, which by 24 months was higher in same‐sex than in opposite‐sex dyads. Scores for father–son dyads more often fell below the scale point indicating “good enough” parenting than scores for other dyads. The inclusion of fathers in the sample extends previous findings both by eliciting an increased range of variation within child gender and by providing a first look at the emotional availability of fathers relative to that of mothers.