bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Sleep Patterns and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults
Authors: Keil Samantha A. , Schindler Abigail G. , Wang Marie X. , Piantino Juan , Silbert Lisa C. , Elliott Jonathan E. , Werhane Madeleine L. , Thomas Ronald G. , Willis Sherry , Lim Miranda M. , Iliff Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceSleep disturbances and clinical sleep disorders are associated with all-cause dementia and neurodegenerative conditions, but it remains unclear how longitudinal changes in sleep impact the incidence of cognitive impairment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of longitudinal sleep patterns with age-related changes in cognitive function in healthy older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study is a retrospective longitudinal analyses of the Seattle Longitudinal Study (SLS), which evaluated self-reported sleep duration (1993-2012) and cognitive performance (1997-2020) in older adults. Participants within the SLS were enrolled as part of a community-based cohort from the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound and Health Maintenance Organization of Washington between 1956 and 2020. Data analysis was performed from September 2020 to May 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome for this study was cognitive impairment, as defined by subthreshold performance on both the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Sleep duration was defined by self-report of median nightly sleep duration over the last week and was assessed longitudinally over multiple time points. Median sleep duration, sleep phenotype (short sleep, median ≤7 hours; medium sleep, median = 7 hour; long sleep, median ≥7 hours), change in sleep duration (slope), and variability in sleep duration (SD of median sleep duration, or sleep variability) were evaluated.ResultsOf the participants enrolled in SLS, only 1104 participants who were administered both the Health Behavior Questionnaire and the neuropsychologic battery were included for analysis in this study. A total of 826 individuals (mean [SD] age, 76.3 [11.8] years; 468 women [56.7%]; 217 apolipoprotein E ε4 allele carriers [26.3%]) had complete demographic information and were included in the study. Analysis using a Cox proportional hazard regression model (concordance, 0.76) showed that status as a short sleeper (hazard ratio, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.59-8.50) and higher sleep variability (hazard ratio, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.14-5.49) were significantly associated with the incidence of cognitive impairment.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this community-based longitudinal study of the association between sleep patterns and cognitive performance, the short sleep phenotype was significantly associated with impaired cognitive performance. Furthermore, high sleep variability in longitudinal sleep duration was significantly associated with the incidence of cognitive impairment, highlighting the possibility that instability in sleep duration over long periods of time may impact cognitive decline in older adults.
Types of On-Screen Content and Mental Health in Kindergarten Children
Authors: Wang Haiwa , Zhao Jin , Yu Zhangsheng , Pan Hao , Wu Saishuang , Zhu Qi , Dong Yuanyuan , Liu Huilin , Zhang Yunting , Jiang Fan 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceExcessive screen time has been associated with a higher risk for mental health problems, but whether the associations differ by screen content types is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the allocation of and longitudinal changes in screen exposure across different content types and to explore their associations with mental health in children aged 3 to 6 years.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used 3-wave, lagged generalized estimating equation models to analyze data from the Shanghai Children’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation–Preschool (SCHEDULE-P) study in Shanghai, China. The cohort was a representative sample of kindergarten children. Data were collected between November 2016 and May 2019 when children were aged 3 to 4 years (wave 1), 4 to 5 years (wave 2), and 5 to 6 years (wave 3). Data analysis was performed between June 2022 and May 2023.ExposureScreen exposure (total daily time and time with each type of content, including educational programs, entertainment programs, non–child-directed programs, electronic games, and social media) was collected when children were aged 3, 5, and 6 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMental health of children at age 3, 5, and 6 years was reported by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsOf the 15 965 children included in the representative sample, 8270 were males (51.7%) and the mean (SD) age at wave 1 was 3.73 (0.30) years. As children developed from ages 3 to 6 years, the proportion of screen exposure to educational programs (≤1 hour per day: 45.0% [95% CI, 43.5%-46.5%] to 26.8% [95% CI, 25.3%-28.3%]) and entertainment programs (≤1 hour per day: 44.4% [95% CI, 42.8%-45.9%] to 32.1% [95% CI, 30.4%-33.9%]) decreased, whereas exposure to social media increased (≤1 hour per day: 1.5% [95% CI, 1.2%-1.9%] to 27.1% [95% CI, 25.5%-28.7%]). The associations between on-screen content and mental health varied. For a given total screen time, a higher proportion of screen exposure to educational programs was associated with a lower risk for mental health problems (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90), whereas non–child-directed programs were associated with a higher risk for such problems (AOR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.91-4.18). Regardless of the content, total screen time was consistently associated with mental health problems.Conclusions and relevanceResults of this study indicated that both total screen time and different types of content were associated with mental health problems in children aged 3 to 6 years. Limiting children’s screen time, prioritizing educational programs, and avoiding non–child-directed programs are recommended.
Intersectional research in adult education: A diffractive gaze
Authors: Sim Eunbi , Nicolaides Aliki , Bierema Laura L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInterlocking systems of oppression are embedded and embodied in the world. Utilizing intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989; 1991) as a framework and perspective to interrogate oppressive systems, intersectional research (IR) has been produced across adult education (AE) journals. IR articles published in AE journals were reviewed using diffractive analysis (Barad, 2007). We illuminated how these studies, when diffracted, produce patterns of difference that illuminate new pathways for the purposeful entanglement of IR in AE to produce more just ways of knowing and action.
Dual‐Site Doping and Low‐Angle Grain Boundaries Lead to High Thermoelectric Performance in N‐Type Bi2S3
Authors: Yang Jian , Ye Haolin , Zhang Xiangzhao , Miao Xin , Yang Xiubo , Xie Lin , Shi Zhongqi , Chen Shaoping , Zhou Chongjian , Qiao Guanjun , Wuttig Matthias , Wang Li , Liu Guiwu , Yu Yuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a promising thermoelectric material with earth‐abundant, low‐cost, and environment‐friendly constituents. However, it shows poor thermoelectric performance due to its extremely low electrical conductivity derived from the low electron concentration. Here, a high‐performance Bi2S3‐based material is reported to benefit from the Fermi level tuning by Ag and Cl co‐doping and defect engineering by introducing dense low‐angle grain boundaries. Both Ag and Cl act as donors in Bi2S3, upshifting the Fermi level. This increases the electron concentration without degrading the electron mobility, thereby obtaining improved electrical conductivity. The electron localization function (ELF) contour map indicates that interstitial Ag causes electron delocalization, showing higher electron mobility in Bi2S3. More importantly, dense low‐angle grain boundaries block phonon propagation, yielding an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.30 W m−1 K−1. Consequently, a record ZT value of ≈0.9 at 676 K is achieved in the Bi2Ag0.01S3‐0.5%BiCl3 sample.
Conductive and Ferromagnetic Syntactic Foam with Shape Memory and Self‐Healing/Recycling Capabilities
Authors: Sarrafan Siavash , Li Guoqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein, a new lightweight syntactic foam is reported with strong mechanical properties, unique multifunctionalities, and recyclability. Multifunctionality of materials and structures has gained ever‐increasing interest as an excellent approach to designing minimalistic systems. Inspired by nature, these materials can perform multiple functions besides bearing a load. Due to their shape‐changing and damage‐healing property, shape memory vitrimers (SMVs) are a great example of multifunctional materials readily exploited for many applications. Using nickel and silver‐plated hollow glass microbubbles (HGMs), an SMV‐based syntactic foam is introduced here that supplements the multifunctionality of SMVs with electrical conductivity and ferromagnetism, which enables a series of additional potentials such as strain sensing, damage monitoring, Joule heating, and electromagnetic interference shielding. Despite its low density and outstanding mechanical properties, this foam exhibits shape memory behavior, which can be triggered by an electrical current, and damage healing capability due to its reversible dynamic covalent bonds. Especially its recyclability makes recycling the expensive silver‐coated and nickel‐coated HGMs feasible, making this foam cost‐effective and environmentally sustainable. With its many features and economical manufacturability, this syntactic foam has a potential to be utilized in many applications, ranging from aerospace structures to biomedical devices to household items.
Emerging Solutions to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Chen Chong , Yao Wenjiao , Tang Yongbing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) are regarded as key for next‐generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy and potential cost‐effectiveness. However, Na‐metal systems remain challenged by several factors, including uncontrollable metallic dendrite growth for liquid systems and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with most organic electrolytes, which limit the feasibility of SMBs. Here, the authors detail the interrelated degradation mechanisms. Afterward, the recent advances in improving the electrochemical performance of SMBs are highlighted. The strategies can be subdivided into the following taxonomy: The utilization of three‐dimensional (3D) conductive skeletons; the introduction of protective layers; the development of compatible electrolyte systems; and the employment of alloy anodes. Designing deposition substrates for the “‘hostless”’ Na has a great effect on reducing the current density and buffering the plating‐stripping volume expansion. The artificial interface approach would introduce efficient mechanical modulus or film‐forming type barriers, which can inhibit detrimental parasitic reactions. Improved solvent‐electrolyte combinations and additives tailored for Na will promise to suppress Na dendrite growth by obtaining a more stable SEI. The formation of alloy phase with Na can tune the bulk properties of the metal per se. Finally, the research challenges and possible development directions of SMBs are also discussed.
Super‐Stable Homogeneously Sustained‐Release System Mediates Transcatheter Arterial Ionic‐Embolization Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy
Authors: Peng Xuqi , Zheng Yating , Xue Yi , Liang Xiaoliu , He Pan , Chen Hu , He Peng , Peng Yisheng , Zhao Zhenwen , Chen Yulun , Gui Xiran , Yang Lei , Xiong Yongfu , Lin Juan , Shi Yesi , Chu Chengchao , Zhang Yang , Liu Gang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe clinical effectiveness of locoregional therapies in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently constrained by multi‐drug resistance and/or tumor metastasis. To surmount these challenges, a promising approach, transcatheter arterial ionic‐embolization (TAIE) is proposed, which can specifically and continuously disrupt the intracellular ionic balance to significantly inhibit tumor activity and invasion. The hydrophilic micro‐nanoscale sodium chloride particles (SCPs) are ingeniously intermixed with hydrophobic lipiodol to create a super‐stable homogeneous embolic formulation (lipiodol‐sodium chloride, LSC). After interventional administration, the LSC selectively deposits in HCC lesions, where lipiodol stably delivers SCPs to disrupt the cell's ionic balance, causing cell death without drug resistance. Notably, it is demonstrated that LSC can significantly hinder tumor cell migration and invasion. The mechanism is through SCP disruption of the ionic balance, which induces cell swelling and subsequent vimentin hydrolysis‐mediated cytoskeletal remodeling. In addition, it is found that LSC treatment notably downregulates the expression of MYLK, TLN, and THBS2 genes in the focal adhesion (FA) signaling pathway of HepG2 cells. LSC formulation integrated tumor‐specific deposition, intratumoral sustained release, efficient tumoricidal activity, significant metastasis inhibition, and excellent biological safety, thereby demonstrating superior in vivo tumor therapeutic effects via TAIE strategy, and showing a promising cancer therapeutic approach for clinical application.
Bio‐Based and Recyclable Self‐Healing Elastomer for the Application of Self‐Powered Triboelectric Nanogenerator in Low‐Temperature
Authors: Wang Hong , Yin Yuxiu , Su Ziyue , Chen Chaoyu , Zhang Linman , Wang Ceyong , Yang Weijun , Huang Yunpeng , Xu Pengwu , Ma Pibo , Liu Tianxi , Ma Piming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cracks in flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) cannot naturally repair themselves during low‐temperature operation, which significantly restricts their practical applications. Yet, the development of elastomers capable of self‐repair at low temperatures has remained a formidable challenge. In this study, a dual dynamic cross‐linking network using multiple hydrogen bonds and β‐hydroxy esters is constructed to fabricate a fully bio‐based elastomer known as PLMBE. This elastomer can be stretched up to an impressive 1200% of its original length and possesses a remarkable autonomous self‐healing capability even under harsh conditions, including low temperatures (−10 °C, 12 h, with a 75% efficiency rate) and exposure to supercooled, high‐concentration saline (10% NaCl solution at −10 °C, 12 h, with a 64% efficiency rate). These remarkable properties are attributed to the elastomer's low glass transition temperature (Tg) of −30 °C and the abundance of hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular interactions. Importantly, this elastomer is highly suitable as a triboelectric layer for creating bio‐based TENG (Bio‐TENG) . These results demonstrate that Bio‐TENG can achieve an impressive output power density of 2.4 W m−2, and the output voltage recovers up to 95% after self‐healing at −10 °C. Consequently, these bio‐based elastomers have promising applications in various fields, including energy storage devices.
Coalescence‐Induced Jumping Bubbles during Pool Boiling
Authors: Park Hyunggon , Ahmadi S. Farzad , Foulkes Thomas P. , Boreyko Jonathan B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSurfaces with micro/nano‐structures significantly enhance the critical heat flux of nucleate boiling by increasing the wickability of the liquid phase to delay film boiling. An alternative strategy, of removing surface bubbles at smaller sizes, is largely ignored. Here, they fabricate a rationally designed micro‐structured surface that enables the coalescence‐induced departure of microscopic vapor bubbles during the pool boiling of water at diameters an order of magnitude smaller than single‐bubble buoyant departure. Arrays of micro‐cavities or micro‐grooves serve as tailored nucleation sites to nucleate close‐packed vapor bubbles, which coalesce at unusually small sizes compared to a homogeneous surface. Two different modes of coalescence‐induced bubble departure are observed and modeled: capillary‐inertial jumping for smaller micro‐bubbles and buoyant‐inertial liftoff for larger micro‐bubbles. Capillarity‐enhanced pool boiling on micro‐structured surfaces has the potential to dramatically enhance the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux of pool boiling.
Characterization of Chitosan‐Gallic Acid Graft Copolymer for Periodontal Dressing Hydrogel Application
Authors: Feng Mengge , Zeng Xuelian , Lin Quan , Wang Yunxiao , Wei Hongjiang , Yang Shanyi , Wang Guangwei , Chen Xingyu , Guo Mengqin , Yang Xin , Hu Jun , Zhang Yufeng , Yang Xiangliang , Du Yangge , Zhao Yanbing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe postoperative periodontal wound is in a complex physiological environment; the bacteria accumulation, the saliva stimulation, and the food residues retention will aggravate the wound deterioration. Commercial periodontal dressings have been widely used for postoperative periodontal treatment, and there still exists some problems, such as poor biocompatibility, weak adhesion, insufficient antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, a chitosan‐gallic acid graft copolymer (CS‐GA) is synthesized as a potential periodontal dressing hydrogel. CS‐GA possesses high swelling rate, adjustable degradability, self‐healing ability, biocompatibility, strong adhesion ability, high mechanical properties and toughness. Furthermore, CS‐GA has good scavenging ability for ·OH, O2−, and 1O2. And CS‐GA has good inhibition effect on different bacterial through bacterial membranes damage. CS‐GA can stop bleeding in a short time and adsorb erythrocytes to form physical blood clots to enhance the hemostatic performance. In addition, CS‐GA can reduce inflammatory factors expressions, increase collagen fibers deposition, and neovascularization to promote wounds healing, which makes it as a potential periodontal dressing for postoperative tissue restoration.
First Observation of Negative Capacitance in Molecular Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Feng Zi‐Jie , Xiong Yu‐An , Sun Wen‐Cong , Sha Tai‐Ting , Yao Jie , Pan Qiang , Hu Huihui , Dong Shuai , Xiong Ren‐Gen , You Yu‐Meng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOn the path of persisting Moore's Law, one of the biggest obstacles is the “Boltzmann tyranny,” which defines the lower limit of power consumption of individual transistors. Negative capacitance (NC) in ferroelectrics could provide a solution and has garnered significant attention in the fields of nanoelectronics, materials science, and solid‐state physics. Molecular ferroelectrics, as an integral part of ferroelectrics, have developed rapidly in terms of both performance and functionality, with their inherent advantages such as easy fabrication, mechanical flexibility, low processing temperature, and structural tunability. However, studies on the NC in molecular ferroelectrics are limited. In this study, the focus is centered on the fabricated high‐quality thin films of trimethylchloromethyl ammonium trichlorocadmium(II), and a pioneering investigation on their NC responses is conducted. The findings demonstrate that the NC exhibited by molecular ferroelectrics is comparable to that of conventional HfO2‐based ferroelectrics. This underscores the potential of molecular material systems for next‐generation electronic devices.
Nanoparticle‐Based Bioaffinity Assays: From the Research Laboratory to the Market
Authors: Farka Zdeněk , Brandmeier Julian C. , Mickert Matthias J. , Pastucha Matěj , Lacina Karel , Skládal Petr , Soukka Tero , Gorris Hans H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdvances in the development of new biorecognition elements, nanoparticle‐based labels as well as instrumentation have inspired the design of new bioaffinity assays. This review critically discusses the potential of nanoparticles to replace current enzymatic or molecular labels in immunoassays and other bioaffinity assays. Successful implementations of nanoparticles in commercial assays and the need for rapid tests incorporating nanoparticles in different roles such as capture support, signal generation elements, and signal amplification systems are highlighted. The limited number of nanoparticles applied in current commercial assays can be explained by challenges associated with the analysis of real samples (e.g., blood, urine, or nasal swabs) that are difficult to resolve, particularly if the same performance can be achieved more easily by conventional labels. Lateral flow assays that are based on the visual detection of the red‐colored line formed by colloidal gold are a notable exception, exemplified by SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid antigen tests that have moved from initial laboratory testing to widespread market adaption in less than two years.
Processability Considerations for Next‐Generation Organic Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Yang Xinrong , Shao Yiming , Wang Shanshan , Chen Mingxia , Xiao Bo , Sun Rui , Min Jie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe evolution of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has resulted in unforeseen outcomes. This has provided substitute choices of photoactive layer materials, which effectively convert sunlight into electricity. Recently developed OPV materials have narrowed down the gaps in efficiency, stability, and cost in devices. Records now show power conversion efficiency in single‐junction devices closing to 20%. Despite this, there is still a gap between the currently developed OPV materials and those that meet the requirements of practical applications, especially the solution processability issue widely concerned in the field of OPVs. Based on the general rule that structure determines properties, methodologies to enhance the processability of OPV materials are reviewed and explored from the perspective of material design and views on the further development of processable OPV materials are presented. Considering the current dilemma that the existing evaluation indicators cannot reflect the industrial processability of OPV materials, a more complete set of key performance indicators are proposed for their processability considerations. The purpose of this perspective is to raise awareness of the boundary conditions that exist in industrial OPV manufacturing and to provide guidance for academic research that aspires to contribute to technological advancements.
Discovery of the Layered Thermoelectric Compound GeBi2Se4 and Accelerating Its Performance Optimization by Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Shaoqin , Wang Xiangdong , Li Zhili , Luo Pengfei , Zhang Jiye , Yang Jiong , Luo Jun 
Published: December 2023

Searching for new materials with intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity is crucial for the exploration of high‐performance thermoelectric materials. Herein, the layered compound GeBi2Se4 with intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity is discovered, and its thermoelectric performance optimization is accelerated by machine learning. The ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.53 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature for the GeBi2Se4 sample can be ascribed to the large anharmonicity and miscellaneous crystal defects. By alloying tellurium (Te) at the selenium (Se) site, the lattice thermal conductivity is further reduced due to the alloy scattering effect and chemical bond softening while the density‐of‐states effective mass of electrons is significantly increased. Finally, the best n‐type thermoelectric GeBi2Se1.9Te2.1 sample with a dimensionless figure of merit zT of 0.56 at 460 K is screened out by machine learning and verified by experiments, which increases by 140% in comparison with the pristine GeBi2Se4.