bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Infection and Steroid-Associated Treatment Bone Avascular Necrosis: A Multi-Study Analysis
Authors: Sakellariou Evangelos , Argyropoulou Evangelia , Karampinas Panagiotis , Galanis Athanasios , Varsamos Iordanis , Giannatos Vasileios , Vasiliadis Elias , Kaspiris Angelos , Vlamis John , Pneumaticos Spiros 
Published: December 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges to global healthcare system and emerging evidence suggests a potential link between COVID-19 treatment, specifically steroid therapy, and the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies and case reports investigating the relationship between COVID-19, corticosteroid therapy, and the development of AVN. Understanding the nuances of AVN in the context of COVID-19 is crucial for healthcare professionals to navigate treatment decisions and mitigate potential complications. Materials and Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used in the systematic review until September 1st, 2023. The full-texts of the remaining twenty-three (n=23) articles were independently reviewed by the authors of this review. Conclusions: The association between steroid therapy for COVID-19 and the development of hip AVN is a noteworthy concern even though, no relationship is evident between the duration of treatment, cumulative dosage of medication, maximum daily dosage received, and the presence of AVN. Further research with larger cohorts and long-term follow-up is needed to better understand the causative relationship and optimal management strategies for hip AVN in the context of COVID-19 and steroid therapy
The critical role of emotional communication for motivated reasoning
Authors: Wolf Ingo , Schröder Tobias 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Persuasive appeals frequently prove ineffective or produce unintended outcomes, due to the presence motivated reasoning. This research delves into the impact of emotional content levels, message valence, and the coherence of pre-existing attitudes on the process of biased information evaluation. By conducting a factorial survey (N = 480) and incorporating a computational model of attitude formation, we aim to gain a deeper insight into the cognitive-affective mechanisms driving motivated reasoning. Our experimental findings reveal that motivated reasoning is most pronounced when persuasive appeals employ a combination of emotional and rational elements within a negatively valenced argumentation. Furthermore, our computational model, which estimates belief and affect adjustments underlying attitude changes, elucidates how message framing influences cognitive-affective processes through emotional coherence. The results provide support for a negative correlation between shifts in coherence in response to new information and the propensity for motivated reasoning. The research contributes to computational models of opinion dynamics and social influence, offering a psychologically realistic framework for exploring individual reasoning's impact on population-level dynamics, particularly in policy contexts, where it can enhance communication and informed policy discussions.
Simultaneous profiling of full-length RNA transcripts and chromatin accessibility within single cells of human retinal organoids
Authors: Hu Youjin , Zhang Shuyao , Mo Xinzhi , Xiao Yuhua , Qiu Yuanhui , Zhong Jiawei , Chen Zheyao , Liu Xu , Chen Xu , Dai Wangxuan , Chen Jia , Jin Xishan , Fan Guoping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Single-cell multi-omics sequencing can integrate transcriptome and epigenome to analyze the complex mechanisms underlying neuron development and regeneration, but most current methods are based on second-generation short-read sequencing, which has low efficiency in detecting RNA structural heterogeneity. Long-length sequencing can analyze RNA structures, but the throughput and the number of transcripts detected at the single-cell level are very low, and single-cell level epigenome profiling has not been accomplished either. Therefore, there is currently a lack of an effective method that can integrate RNA splicing and epigenetic modification to analyze the molecular mechanism of neural development. This study developed a single-cell multi-omics assay based on short-read sequencing for the simultaneous detection of single-cell full-length RNA isoforms and DNA accessibility. The accuracy of its resolution in RNA transcript structure can reach 94.5%, and the sensitivity of detecting single-cell gene expression is twice that of third-generation sequencing. And it can detect over 10,000 single nuclei at one run, enabling the effective integrated analysis of single-cell RNA isoforms and DNA accessibility at high throughput. We used this method to construct a multidimensional cell atlas of human retinal organoids, and found that gene expression and differential choices of isoforms of multiple fate-determining factors were significantly associated with chromatin accessibility. This method provides a new technical method for dissecting the multidimensional molecular mechanism of fate determination in neural cell development and regeneration.
Multiplexed tumor profiling with generative AI accelerates histopathology workflows and improves clinical predictions
Authors: Rapsomaniki Maria Anna , Pati Pushpak , Karkampouna Sofia , Bonollo Francesco , Comperat Eva , Radic Martina , Spahn Martin , Martinelli Adriano , Wartenberg Martin , Julio Marianna Kruithof-de 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of tumors and its links to disease initiation and progression is a cornerstone of cancer biology. Presently, histopathology workflows heavily rely on hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and serial immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, a cumbersome, tissue-exhaustive process that results in non-aligned tissue images. We propose the VirtualMultiplexer, a generative AI toolkit that effectively synthesizes multiplexed IHC images for several antibody markers only from an input H&E image. The VirtualMultiplexer captures biologically relevant staining patterns across tissue scales without requiring consecutive tissue sections, image registration, or extensive expert annotations. Thorough qualitative and quantitative assessment indicates that the VirtualMultiplexer achieves rapid, robust and precise generation of virtually multiplexed imaging datasets of high staining quality that are indistinguishable from the real ones. The VirtualMultiplexer is successfully transferred across tissue-scales, patient cohorts, and cancer types with no need for model fine-tuning. Crucially, the virtually multiplexed images enabled training a Graph-Transformer that simultaneously learns from the joint spatial distribution of several proteins to predict clinically relevant endpoints. We observe that this multiplexed learning scheme was able to greatly improve the clinical prediction, as corroborated across several downstream tasks, independent patient cohorts and cancer types. Our results showcase the clinical relevance of AI-assisted multiplexed tumor imaging, accelerating histopathology workflows and cancer biology.
Restoration of miR-200c sensitizes breast cancer cells to cytarabine
Authors: Moghaddam Mahsa Maleki , Baghbani Elham , Alizadeh Hadi , Najafzadeh Basira , Kazemi Tohid , Sorkhabi Amin Daei , Alizadeh Nazila , Jafarlou Mahdi , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women, which has led researchers to explore novel treatment strategies. A crucial obstacle in the treatment of breast cancer is the development of acquired chemoresistance. miR-200c has been found to be associated with decreased chemoresistance in various types of cancer. Mehtods and results: The results of the MTT assay indicated that the restoration of miR-200c in combination with cytarabine sensitized MDA-MB-468 cells to cytarabine, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, its restoration led to cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase. Furthermore, qRT-PCR demonstrated reduced levels of c-Myc and Cyclin D1, as well as increased levels of p21. Our findings indicate that miR-200c increases the sensitivity of MDA-MB-468 cells to cytarabine, regulates cell cycle-related genes, and inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-468 cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that the restoration of miR-200c, in combination with cytarabine, could be a promising and innovative approach to treat breast cancer.
Disease perception and coping in patients with dry eye disease : a qualitative study
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Song Ziling , Yao Xin , Huang Xiaoqiong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic eye disease characterized by dry eyes, eye fatigue, and eye discomfort. Few studies have been conducted from the subjective perspective of DED patients to understand how they feel and cope with their symptoms during the disease. This study aims to understand how Chinese DED patients understand and cope with their DED symptoms from the perspectives of disease perception and coping.
Methods
We chose the phenomenological approach in qualitative research used face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with DED patients, and used the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method to analyze the interview data and refine the themes.
Results
A total of 19 patients with DED were interviewed and three main themes were identified, which were 1. perceived health threat; 2. emotional experience of illness; 3. coping with illness.
Conclusions
The results of the study showed that DED patients had certain negative emotions and negative avoidance coping during the process of perceived health threats of DED, suggesting that the medical team should provide a full course of medical support, positive psychological counseling, and guidance to improve disease perception, change disease coping styles, and improve self-management of DED patients.
Changes in the Shape of Craniofacial Skeleton in Children Prenatally Exposed To Anticonvulsant Drugs: a Geometric Morphometric Study
Authors: Doumit Carmen M. , Saade Antoine , Will Leslie A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Children exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs may have a typical facies characterized by midfacial retrusion, a short nose, and anterverted nares. We sought to examine these effects in more detail by using geometric morphometrics (GM). The lateral cephalograms of 65 children exposed prenatally to monotherapy (phenobarbital, phenytoin, or carbamazepine) were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA), and the resulting configurations compared with those of control children. PCA revealed significant separation between the means when PC1 was plotted against PC 2 for all the areas studied: maxilla, entire cranial base, spheno-occipital region, and the total study area. DFA showed a shorter maxilla but taller sphenoidal body, nasion and orbitale more inferior, anterior nasal spine more superior, and sella turcica projected posteriorly and upward. Cross-validation accurately classified between 79.5% − 88.6% of the control group and between 73.8% and 81.5% of the study group when looking at the three anatomic regions. These details may help isolate the mechanism for the anomalies because of GM’s use of shape instead of traditional linear and angular cephalometric measurements.
A comprehensive map of the ageing blood methylome
Authors: EYNON NIR , Seale Kirsten , Teschendorff Andrew , Reiner Alexander , Voisin Sarah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

During ageing, the human methylome exhibits both differential (i.e. change in mean) and variable (i.e. change in variance) shifts, along with a general rise in entropy. However, it remains unclear whether DNA methylation sites that increasingly diverge between people (i.e. variably methylated positions (VMPs)) are distinct from those undergoing changes in mean methylation levels (i.e. differentially methylated positions (DMPs)), which changes drive entropy, how they contribute to epigenetic age measured by epigenetic clocks, and whether cell type heterogeneity plays a role in these alterations. To address these questions, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using > 32,000 human blood methylomes from 56 datasets (age range = 6-101 years). Our findings revealed an unprecedented proportion of the blood methylome that is differentially methylated with age (48% DMPs; FDR < 0.005) and variably methylated with age (37% VMPs; FDR < 0.005), with many sites overlapping between the two groups (59% of DMPs are VMPs). We observed that bivalent and Polycomb regions become increasingly methylated and divergent between individuals, while quiescent regions lose methylation in a more homogeneous manner between individuals. Unexpectedly, both chronological and biological clocks, but not pace-of-aging clocks, show a strong enrichment for those CpGs that accrue both mean and variance changes during aging. Furthermore, we uncovered that it is the accumulation of DMPs shifting towards a methylation fraction of 50% that drive the increase in entropy, resulting in an overall smoothening of the epigenetic landscape. However, approximately a quarter of DMPs oppose this direction of change, exhibiting anti-entropic effects. While DMPs were mostly unaffected by changes in cell type composition, VMPs and entropy measurements showed moderate sensitivity to such alterations. This investigation represents the largest to date of genome-wide DNA methylation changes and ageing in a single tissue, offering valuable insights into primary molecular changes that hold meaning for chronological and biological ageing.
Endurance Results of a reFuels Fleet test in a real Application based on directly comparable Truck Test Pairs
Authors: Toedter Olaf , Weyhing Thomas , Koch Thomas , Fritsche Markus , Rodrigues Carlos , Dörr Sebastian , Stöhr Alexander , Weissert Roland , Hübeler Jörg , Behrens Carmen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Synthetic fuels from a renewable base are an essential part of a greenhouse gas neutral mobility, especially in transport sector. While scaling production of e-fuels (fuels based on electrolysis hydrogen) is ongoing, HVO called paraffinic diesel fuels are already available. Their production is based on the hydrogenation of waste and residues and they are established as diesel substitute in several applications. With regard to the approval of these fuels in German regulation, the question repeatedly arises as to whether they can be used easily and what effects can be achieved. This article describes an application in a real logistics application, in which both the everyday use and the concrete comparability to a refueling with conventional gas station diesel were ensured.
The use of several parallel active and different truck pairs has shown that the use of HVO in existing vehicles has achieved the desired CO2 reduction. A detailed analysis of the engine oil also showed that no undesirable effects could be observed here either. From the perspective of this project, HVO fuels are ready for use for a significant greenhouse gas reduction in logistics.
Introducing Digital Air Traffic Controllers for Urban Air Mobility to Ensure Safe and Energy-efficient Flight Operations
Authors: Schier-Morgenthal Sebastian , Abdellaoui Rabeb , Metz Isabel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Facing the continued growth of cities, the introduction of urban air mobility intends to reduce traffic congestion and improve the quality of services such as on-demand-transport, reduced travel times and increased connectivity. Nevertheless, its integration into existing air traffic flows remains one of the biggest challenges ahead, especially once controlled airspace overlaps with urban air mobility areas, such as at airport control zones. Here, air traffic control needs to coordinate among urban air mobility vehicles and conventional air traffic. In 2022, DLR conducted a human-in-the-loop simulation with ten air traffic controllers to validate previously developed workflows for that coordination task applied for Hamburg airport. The simulation results revealed that additional urban air mobility traffic increases controllers’ experienced workload up to 30% while slightly reducing their perceived situation awareness. Thus, a majority of controllers participating in the trials suggested to introduce an additional controller working position to exclusively control airtaxis and traffic following visual flight rules. This option is assessed as owning a high potential as cost intensive adaptions of regulations and procedures can be omitted. Nevertheless, the feasibility of this option is rather low due to the limited availability of endorsed human controllers.
This study proposes a concept for a digital controller taking the responsibility of guidance for airtaxis under visual flight rules traffic (abbr. VFR) within a control zone. This digital controller is named “UAM digital controller” (abbr UDC) and based on algorithms calculating slots and trajectories which have been validated in previous DLR projects. The UDC coordinates with the human controller once a potential conflict is detected. Within the study, first the concept of the digital controller is defined, following existing work. As a second step, a theoretical evaluation based on an air traffic control task model and an operational concept for airtaxi integration will analyse the task load reduction for the human controller. Last but not least, the expected energy saving of flight operations by the digital controllers will be assessed.
An updated method on the injectivity of integral operators related to Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Adam Dumitru 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

A new theorem on the injectivity of the linear operators on separable Hilbert spaces is introduced, extending the Injectivity Criteria from [1]. The Corollary puts it together with the Injectivity Criteria backing up the discretization methods, Galerkin and the finite rank operators orthogonal projections.
Their matrix representations of the integral operator on the dense family of approximation subspaces, almost coincide and, in both cases we proved the injectivity of the integral operator used by Alcantara-Bode equivalent formulation of the Riemann Hypothesis.
Some observations regarding the sparsity of the matrix representations of the integral operators projections are made too.
subjclass: 65R99, 47G10, 45P05
A multivariate statistical approach for mineral geographic provenance determination using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and electron microprobe chemical data: A case study of copper-bearing tourmalines
Authors: Dutrow Barbara L. , McMillan Nancy J. , Henry Darrell J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The geographic provenance of minerals provides key insights into a range of geologic problems, including the source of gem materials. The tourmaline supergroup is unparalleled in its ability to record and preserve extensive chemical signatures of its formational environment. To evaluate the likelihood that tourmalines of similar compositions from separate geographic localities could be differentiated, a multivariate statistical approach has been utilized on two complementary data sets. These chemical analytical data sets of copper-bearing “Paraíba” tourmaline include data sets acquired with Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA).
Fifty-four samples of copper-bearing tourmalines from known source locations from Brazil (São José de Batalha of Paraíba state and the neighboring Rio Grande do Norte state), Mozambique, and Nigeria, were analyzed using LIBS with a subset of these samples analyzed by EMP. Data sets obtained by each method were evaluated with multivariate statistics (PCA, PLSR). Although the sample set is limited, sequential PLSR modeling of the spectra clearly distinguished the four localities with high success: &gt;95% for LIBS and &gt;87% for EMP. The statistical analyses of the two techniques, LIBS and EMP, suggest that each technique emphasizes different elements for discrimination when considered in the context of the available data. The elements Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ti, Zn, K, H, Co, and V were significant in LIBS chemometric models. Statistically significant elements in EMP models were Mn, Cu, Al, Ca, K, and F. Each technique results in a robust determination for geographic provenance of tourmalines with comparable compositions. The significant distinguishing chemical elements reflect geochemical distinctions in each host environment that are imparted on the tourmaline. Multivariate statistics applied to LIBS and EMP data provide an effective tool for provenance discrimination of Paraíba tourmalines, distinguishing Brazilian-sourced samples from African-sourced materials. These data provide new methods for separating the geographic origin of minerals with very similar composition such as demonstrated here for copper-bearing tourmalines.
Quantification of Ammonium Release from an Aging Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland To Improve Treatment Performance
Authors: Kamrath Brock J.W. , Burchell Michael R. , Birgand François , Aziz Tarek 
Published: December 2023

One potential cause of declining performance in free water surface (FWS) constructed wetlands (CW) is the accretion of decaying biomass or detritus. Over time (10–20 years), this detritus can form a new substrate above the antecedent wetland soil. As FWS CWs continue to age across the country, we must better understand the influence of this accumulated detritus substrate on nitrogen (N) removal to improve design and inform operators about the importance of management and removal. A laboratory study was conducted to quantify the ammonium (NH4-N) released from accumulated detritus and to develop a kinetic model that would represent this release. Three experimental runs were conducted, each using 9 wetland microcosms equally loaded with detritus (mainly from Typha spp.) from a 20+ year-old FWS CW. Each run was conducted with 3 variable initial NH4-N concentrations in the water column (0 mg L-1, 5 mg L-1, and 10 mg L-1). Each initial concentration was triplicated and randomly assigned. The release of NH4-N was inversely proportional to initial water column concentrations and was reasonably represented using first order kinetics (mean R2 = 0.77). Valid parameter values were calibrated for 23 of the 27 experimental units (i.e., wetland microcosms). The porewater NH4-N concentration (Cpw ) and the rate constant (ku) parameter values ranged from 4.7 mg L-1 to 21.5 mg L-1 and 0.004 m d-1 to 0.13 m d-1 (1.5 m yr-1 to 47.4 m yr-1 ), respectively. The potential areal NH4-N release rates (JUF) from the detritus substrate at an overlying water column concentration of 4 mg L-1 and 6 mg L-1 were 0.21 g-N m-2 d-1 and 0.14 g-N m-2 d-1 (70 g-N m-2 yr-1 and 50 g-N m-2 yr-1), respectively. At these rates, NH4-N diffusion from the detritus substrate would substantially influence N removal performance in lightly loaded systems (TKN load &lt;120 g-N m-2 yr-1). These results provided an initial estimate of the magnitude of NH4-N release from accumulated detritus, as well as evidence to support the inclusion of NH4-N flux in initial design models and the importance of regular FWS CW maintenance.