bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Docetaxel Response in Human Breast Cancer by Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Iwao-Koizumi Kyoko , Matoba Ryo , Ueno Noriko , Kim Seung Jin , Ando Akiko , Miyoshi Yasuo , Maeda Eisaku , Noguchi Shinzaburo , Kato Kikuya 
Published: January 2005

Purpose Docetaxel is one of the most effective anticancer drugs available in the treatment of breast cancer. Nearly half of the treated patients, however, do not respond to chemotherapy and suffer from side effects. The ability to reliably predict a patient's response based on tumor gene expression will improve therapeutic decision making and save patients from unnecessary side effects. Patients and Methods A total of 44 breast tumor tissues were sampled by biopsy before treatment with docetaxel, and the response to therapy was clinically evaluated by the degree of reduction in tumor size. Gene expression profiling of the biopsy samples was performed with 2,453 genes using a high-throughput reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. Using genes differentially expressed between responders and nonresponders, a diagnostic system based on the weighted-voting algorithm was constructed. Results This system predicted the clinical response of 26 previously unanalyzed samples with over 80% accuracy, a level promising for clinical applications. Diagnostic profiles in nonresponders were characterized by elevated expression of genes controlling the cellular redox environment (ie, redox genes, such as thioredoxin, glutathione-S-transferase, and peroxiredoxin). Overexpression of these genes protected cultured mammary tumor cells from docetaxel-induced cell death, suggesting that enhancement of the redox system plays a major role in docetaxel resistance. Conclusion These results suggest that the clinical response to docetaxel can be predicted by gene expression patterns in biopsy samples. The results also suggest that one of the molecular mechanisms of the resistance is activation of a group of redox genes.
Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Docetaxel: Dosing Based on Body-Surface Area Compared With Individualized Dosing Based on Cytochrome P450 Activity Estimated Using a Urinary Metabolite of Exogenous Cortisol
Authors: Yamamoto Noboru , Tamura Tomohide , Murakami Haruyasu , Shimoyama Tatsu , Nokihara Hiroshi , Ueda Yutaka , Sekine Ikuo , Kunitoh Hideo , Ohe Yuichiro , Kodama Tetsuro , Shimizu Mikiko , Nishio Kazuto , Ishizuka Naoki , Saijo Nagahiro 
Published: January 2005

Purpose Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) enzyme, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) is correlated with neutropenia. We developed a novel method for estimating the interpatient variability of CYP3A4 activity by the urinary metabolite of exogenous cortisol (6-beta-hydroxycortisol [6-β-OHF]). This study was designed to assess whether the application of our method to individualized dosing could decrease pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variability compared with body-surface area (BSA) –based dosing. Patients and Methods Fifty-nine patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer were randomly assigned to either the BSA-based arm or individualized arm. In the BSA-based arm, 60 mg/m2 of docetaxel was administered. In the individualized arm, individualized doses of docetaxel were calculated from the estimated clearance (estimated clearance = 31.177 + [7.655 × 10−4 × total 6-β-OHF] − [4.02 × alpha-1 acid glycoprotein] − [0.172 × AST] − [0.125 × age]) and the target AUC of 2.66 mg/L · h. Results In the individualized arm, individualized doses of docetaxel ranged from 37.4 to 76.4 mg/m2 (mean, 58.1 mg/m2). The mean AUC and standard deviation (SD) were 2.71 (range, 2.02 to 3.40 mg/L · h) and 0.40 mg/L · h in the BSA-based arm, and 2.64 (range, 2.15 to 3.07 mg/L · h) and 0.22 mg/L · h in the individualized arm, respectively. The SD of the AUC was significantly smaller in the individualized arm than in the BSA-based arm (P < .01). The percentage decrease in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) averaged 87.1% (range, 59.0 to 97.7%; SD, 8.7) in the BSA-based arm, and 87.4% (range, 78.0 to 97.2%; SD, 6.1) in the individualized arm, suggesting that the interpatient variability in percent decrease in ANC was slightly smaller in the individualized arm. Conclusion The individualized dosing method based on the total amount of urinary 6-β-OHF after cortisol administration can decrease PK variability of docetaxel.
Long-Term Survival After Cisplatin-Based Induction Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Pooled Data Analysis of Two Phase III Trials
Authors: Chua Daniel T.T. , Ma Jun , Sham Jonathan S.T. , Mai Hai-Qiang , Choy Damon T.K. , Hong Ming-Huang , Lu Tai-Xiang , Min Hua-Qing 
Published: January 2005

Purpose To evaluate the long-term outcome in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CRT) versus radiotherapy alone (RT). Patients and Methods The data from two phase III studies comparing CRT with RT in NPC were updated and pooled together for analysis. A total of 784 patients were included for analysis, with an equal number of patients in both arms. Induction chemotherapy consisted of two to three cycles of cisplatin, bleomycin, and fluorouracil, or cisplatin and epirubicin. RT was given to the nasopharynx and neck using megavoltage radiation (median dose, 70 Gy). The median follow-up time for surviving patients was 67 months. Analysis was based on intention to treat. Results The addition of induction chemotherapy to RT was associated with a decrease in relapse by 14.3% and cancer-related deaths by 12.9% at 5 years. The 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 50.9% and 42.7% in the CRT and RT arm, respectively (P = .014), and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 63.5% and 58.1% in the CRT and RT arm, respectively (P = .029). The 5-year overall survival rate was 61.9% and 58.1% in CRT and RT arm, respectively (P = .092). The incidence of locoregional failure and distant metastases was reduced by 18.3% and 13.3% at 5 years, respectively, with induction chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the treatment failure patterns between the two arms. Conclusion The addition of cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy to RT was associated with a modest but significant decrease in relapse and improvement in disease-specific survival in advanced-stage NPC. However, there was no improvement in overall survival.
Phase II Trial of Individualized Rituximab Dosing for Patients With CD20-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Gordan Lucio N. , Grow William B. , Pusateri Annette , Douglas Vonda , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Lynch James W. 
Published: January 2005

Purpose To determine the feasibility and efficacy of pharmacokinetic (PK) -based maintenance dosing of rituximab and possibly design a more rational maintenance schedule. Patients and Methods Patients with CD20-positive lymphoproliferative disorders were treated with four weekly infusions of rituximab 375 mg/m2. All patients without progressive disease were then monitored for 1 year and received a single infusion of 375 mg/m2 when the level decreased below 25 μg/mL. Results Twenty-nine of 31 patients were assessable with a variety of histologic subtypes. The overall response rate (ORR) for the entire group was 59% with 27% complete responses (CRs) and 32% partial responses. The median PFS for all patients was 19 months, with a median follow-up of 25 months. In 22 patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (LGNHL), the ORR was 63% with 36% CR and median progression-free survival (PFS) has not been reached. Of 29 assessable patients, 22 were available for PK-based maintenance. The median time to repeat bolus was 5 months (range, 1 to 9 months) for the first, 3.5 months (range, 2 to 5 months) for the second, and 3 months (range, 2 to 4 months) for the third infusion. Ninety-five percent of patients required three or fewer infusions to be maintained in the therapeutic range. Conclusion Individualized PK dosing for rituximab produced efficacy comparable to other published maintenance strategies. PK data from this trial suggest that a rational maintenance strategy in patients with LGNHL would be a single dose of 375 mg/m2 of rituximab every 3 to 4 months.
Maximizing Therapeutic Benefit of Rituximab: Maintenance Therapy Versus Re-Treatment at Progression in Patients With Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma—A Randomized Phase II Trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network
Authors: Hainsworth John D. , Litchy Sharlene , Shaffer Don W. , Lackey Van L. , Grimaldi Manuel , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: January 2005

Purpose To compare the benefit of maintenance rituximab therapy versus rituximab re-treatment at progression in patients with previously treated indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients and Methods Between June 1998 and August 2002, 114 patients who had received previous chemotherapy for indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with a standard 4-week course of rituximab. Patients with objective response or stable disease were randomly assigned to receive either maintenance rituximab therapy (standard 4-week courses administered at 6-month intervals) or rituximab re-treatment at the time of lymphoma progression. The duration of rituximab benefit was measured from the date of first rituximab treatment until the date other treatment was required. Results Ninety (79%) of 114 patients had objective response or stable disease after initial rituximab treatment, and were randomly assigned to treatment. Progression-free survival was prolonged in the maintenance group (31.3 v 7.4 months; P = .007). Final overall and complete response rates were higher in the maintenance group. Duration of rituximab benefit was similar in the maintenance and re-treatment groups (31.3 v 27.4 months, respectively). More maintenance patients remain in continuous remission, and more are currently in complete remission. Both treatment approaches were well tolerated. Conclusion In patients who have objective response or stable disease with single-agent rituximab therapy, duration of rituximab benefit is substantially prolonged with either scheduled maintenance treatment or rituximab re-treatment at the time of progression. At present, the magnitude of benefit with either approach appears similar. However, additional follow-up of this trial is required, and completion of phase III randomized trials is necessary to definitively answer this question.
Dynamics and interaction of caveolin-1 isoforms with BMP-receptors
Authors: Nohe Anja , Keating Eleonora , Underhill T. Michael , Knaus Petra , Petersen Nils O. 
Published: January 2005

Caveolae are small invaginations of the cell membrane that are thought to play a role in important physiological functions such as cell surface signaling, endocytosis and intracellular cholesterol transport. Caveolin-1 is a key protein in these domains and contributes to the organization of cholesterol and saturated lipids within these vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane. Caveolae are thought to be involved in the signaling of tyrosine kinase receptors and serine threonine receptors. In this article we focus on the involvement of caveolae in the signal transduction of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMPs play important roles during embryonic development and especially in chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis and hematopoiesis. The initiation of the signal tranduction starts by the binding of a BMP to a corresponding set of BMP receptors.
Using image cross-correlation spectroscopy, we show that the BMP receptors BRIa and BRII colocalize with caveolin-1 isoforms α and β on the cell surface. BRIa colocalizes predominantly with the caveolin-1 α isoform. Coexpression of BRII leads to a redistribution of BRIa into domains enriched in caveolin-1 β. After stimulation with BMP-2, BRIa moves back into the region with caveolin-1 α. BRII is expressed in regions enriched in caveolin-1 α and β. Stimulation of cells with BMP-2 leads to a redistribution of BRII into domains enriched in caveolin-1 α. Immunoprecipitation studies using transfected COS-7 cells indicate that BRII binds to caveolin-1 α and β. The binding of BRII to caveolin-1 was verified using A431 cells. Stimulation of starved A431 cells with BMP-2 lead to a release of caveolin-1 from the BMP receptors. We show further that the caveolin-1 β isoform inhibits BMP signaling whereas the α isoform does not.
Insulin Detemir—A New Basal Insulin Analog
Authors: Goldman-Levine Jennifer D , Lee Karen W 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trial data, adverse effects, and role in therapy of insulin detemir. DATA SOURCES: Articles and meeting abstracts were identified through searches of MEDLINE (1996–June 2004), EMBASE (1980–June 2004), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–June 2004) databases, and unpublished information was provided by the manufacturer. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All available studies relating to insulin detemir's pharmacology were selected. Only human studies were used for pharmacokinetic, drug interaction, efficacy, and safety data. DATA SYNTHESIS: Insulin detemir is a basal insulin analog that has been shown to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin detemir offers some benefits over NPH for use as basal insulin in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
IR Spectroscopy of Microsolvated Aromatic Cluster Ions: Ionization-Induced Switch in Aromatic Molecule–Solvent Recognition
Authors: Dopfer Otto 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and quantum chemical calculations are employed to characterize the intermolecular interaction of a variety of aromatic cations (A+) with several types of solvents. For this purpose, isolated ionic complexes of the type A+–L
n
, in which A+ is microsolvated by a controlled number (n) of ligands (L), are prepared in a supersonic plasma expansion, and their spectra are obtained by IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in a tandem mass spectrometer. Two prototypes of aromatic ion–solvent recognition are considered: (i) microsolvation of acidic aromatic cations in a nonpolar hydrophobic solvent and (ii) microsolvation of bare aromatic hydrocarbon cations in a polar hydrophilic solvent. The analysis of the IRPD spectra of A+–L dimers provides detailed information about the intermolecular interaction between the aromatic ion and the neutral solvent, such as ion–ligand binding energies, the competition between different intermolecular binding motifs (H-bonds, π-bonds, charge–dipole bonds), and its dependence on chemical properties of both the A+ cation and the solvent type L. IRPD spectra of larger A+–L
n
clusters yield detailed insight into the cluster growth process, including the formation of structural isomers, the competition between ion–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions, and the degree of (non)cooperativity of the intermolecular interactions as a function of solvent type and degree of solvation. The systematic A+–L
n
cluster studies are shown to reveal valuable new information about fundamental chemical properties of the bare A+ cation, such as proton affinity, acidity, and reactivity. Because of the additional attraction arising from the excess charge, the interaction in the A+–L
n
cation clusters differs largely from that in the corresponding neutral A–L
n
clusters with respect to both the interaction strength and the most stable structure, implying in most cases an ionization-induced switch in the preferred aromatic molecule–solvent recognition motif. This process causes severe limitations for the spectroscopic characterization of ion–ligand complexes using popular photoionization techniques, due to the restrictions imposed by the Franck–Condon principle. The present study circumvents these limitations by employing an electron impact cluster ion source for A+–L
n
generation, which generates predominantly the most stable isomer of a given cluster ion independent of its geometry.
Anisotropic and Isotropic Light Scattering Data of Neon Gas Simultaneously Fitted by an Isotropic Ground State Interatomic Potential
Authors: El-Kader Mahamed Sayed Abdel , El-Eraky S. M. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The binary anisotropic and isotropic collision-induced light scattering spectra by gaseous room temperature neon, over an extended frequency domain have been used for deriving the empirical multi-parameter Morse–Morse–Morse–Spline van der Waals interatomic potential. These new data of scattering are accurate enough to permit for the first time a reliable determination of the isotropic potential as a function of the interatomic separation. The potential parameters describing the location and depth of the attractive well are given by ε = 41.07 K and r
m = 3.087 Å. Comparison with other potentials based on bulk properties and ab initio calculations are presented; the temperature dependence of pressure second virial coefficient, self diffusion, thermal conductivity and viscosity are also discussed for the proposed potentials. In addition, our empirical potential was used to solve the nuclear Schrödinger equation for comparison with and predication of spectroscopic properties of the dimer. The results show that it is the most accurate potential reported to date for this system.
Solar-Thermal Zinc Oxide Reduction Assisted by a Second Redox Pair
Authors: Rager Timo , Golczewski Jerzy 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Thermochemical cycles have been investigated for quite some time as a means to convert heat into storable chemical energy. A particularly attractive reaction is the solar-thermal decomposition of zinc oxide into zinc and oxygen, but the efficiency of this process is impaired by the fast recombination of zinc and oxygen upon cooling of the gas phase. The combination with a second, nickel/nickel oxide redox cycle is presented as a possibility to avoid the simultaneous presence of metal and oxygen in the gas phase.
Introduction
Authors: Cassidy Suzanne B. , Allanson Judith E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis chapter gives details on how the book is organized and informs the reader about the genetics‐related terms used. Each chapter is dedicated to the diagnosis and management of a specific syndrome that is encountered with regularity in specialty programs and occasionally in primary care experience. The authors are experts who have considerable personal experience in the management of the disorder. Each chapter contains unpublished information based on the author's experience and personal approach in addition to a review of published information. The format of each chapter is similar and provides general information on incidence and inheritance, pathogenesis, and etiology, diagnostic criteria and testing, and differential diagnosis of the specific syndrome. The myriad manifestations of each syndrome are presented system by system with emphasis on the features, evaluation, management, and prognosis. Photographs of physical findings important for diagnosis or management are provided. Each chapter concludes with a listing of family support organizations and resources available to families and professionals in print and electronic formats. Selected references stressing management issues and citations of good review articles are included.
Albinism andHermansky‐Pudlak Syndrome
Authors: King Richard A. , Summers C. Gail 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe term albinism refers to a group of congenital genetic abnormalities resulting from an inability of the pigment cell (melanocyte) to synthesize normal amounts of melanin pigment and is produced by mutations in at least 12 genes. Reduced melanin synthesis in the melanocytes of the skin, hair, and eyes produces oculocutaneous albinism, while a reduction primarily involving the retinal pigment epithelium produces ocular albinism. Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome includes the triad of oculocutaneous albinism, a mild bleeding diathesis, and a ceroid storage disease affecting primarily the lungs and the gut. Oculocutaneous albinism is the most common inherited disorder of generalized hypopigmentation, with an estimated frequency of 1 in 20,000 in most populations. It has been described in all ethnic groups and in all animal species making it one of the most widely distributed genetic abnormalities in the animal kingdom. Ocular albinism is less common with an estimated frequency of 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 60,000. It is X‐linked. Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome is a rare condition in most populations. In the Puerto Rican population, however, two forms are found with type 1 having an estimated frequency of approximately 1 in 1800.
Arthrogryposis
Authors: Hall Judith G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractArthrogryposis, or multiple congenital contractures, is relatively common, affecting one child in 3000. The challenge is to determine the specific diagnosis. Congenital contractures occur because of decreased fetal movement. The longer the reduction or lack of movement, the more severe the contractures. Decreased fetal movement occurs on the basis of abnormalities of brain, muscle, nerve, connective tissue, lack of space, maternal illness, environmental agents, or vascular compromise. Therapy may differ depending on the limb positioning and diagnosis.
ATR‐X
Authors: Gibbons Richard J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn ATR‐X syndrome severe mental retardation is found in association with characteristic facial dysmorphism, genital abnormalities, and a variety of other congenital anomalies. Many affected individuals have α thalassemia, which arises because of a transcription defect in the synthesis of the α‐globin chains of adult hemoglobin (HbA, α2β2). ATR‐X results from mutation of a putative chromatin remodeling factor encoded by a gene,ATRX, on the X chromosome. The features of this syndrome indicate the importance of this gene product in the efficient transcription of an extensive repertoire of genes.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chudley Albert E. , Longstaffe Sally E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder is an “umbrella” term that describes the spectrum of ethanol teratogenesis in humans. At one end of the spectrum are the subset of individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome, and at the other end of the spectrum are those individuals with behavioral and cognitive deficits who exhibit minimal or no physical stigmata as a consequence of ethanol‐induced prenatal brain injury. It was not until the past 3 decades that the medical community was convinced of the devastating effects of excessive alcohol use in pregnancy on the children. Although the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome and its spectrum is a medical diagnosis, its effects on society are far‐reaching. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is distinct from many genetic syndromes described in this book in that the disorder is potentially entirely preventable, and the diagnosis points toward two affected individuals: the drinking mother and the alcohol‐exposed child. Diagnosis, intervention, and prevention offer some of the greatest challenges to health care providers, families, and their communities. Multidisciplinary diagnostic teams are developing throughout North America and other parts of the world that provide accurate and comprehensive assessments and treatment options for affected individuals with this common disorder.