bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Fibroblasts Ubiquitously Express Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65): Possible Effects of Connective Tissue Inflammation on GAD Antibody Titer
Authors: Kono Takayuki , Nishimura Fusanori , Sugimoto Hikaru , Sikata Kenichi , Makino Hirofumi , Murayama Yoji 
Published: February 2005

Background: Type 1 diabetes is caused by a destruction of pancreatic β cells due to autoimmunity. Autoantibody against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 expressed in pancreatic β cells is widely used as a predictive marker for pancreatic destruction. In this study, we hypothesized that if certain cells in periodontal tissues could express GAD, then it may influence GAD antibody titer.Methods: We used: 1) reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to detect GAD 65 mRNA in various cells; 2) nucleotide sequencing analysis to confirm that amplified PCR product is the gene encoding GAD; and 3) Western blotting to determine the expression of GAD 65 protein in human gingival fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical staining of GAD 65 protein in normal and inflamed gingiva was performed to examine the potential influence of periodontal inflammation on GAD 65 expression. GAD antibody titer in sera of periodontal patients as well as healthy subjects was measured to determine if periodontal patients could develop autoantibody against GAD 65.Results: Cultured human gingival, periodontal, and dermal fibroblasts and mesangial cells expressed GAD mRNA. Nucleotide sequencing analyses confirmed the amplified PCR product as GAD 65. Western immunoblotting analyses and immunohistochemical staining revealed that the GAD 65 protein was expressed in vitro and in vivo. The expression of GAD 65 in inflamed tissue was higher than that in normal tissues. Two of 62 periodontal patients without diabetes showed an increased antibody titer against GAD 65, while none of the systemically healthy subjects showed an increased antibody titer against this antigen.Conclusions: We concluded that periodontal inflammation may result in higher levels of GAD and influence GAD antibody titer, and, hence, affect diabetic diagnosis based upon GAD antibody production. J Periodontol 2001;72:598‐604.
Prevalence and Risk of Gingival Enlargement in Patients Treated With Nifedipine
Authors: Miranda Jaume , Brunet Lluís , Roset Pere , Berini Leonardo , Farré Magí , Mendieta Carlos 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival enlargement is a known side effect of nifedipine use. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for gingival enlargement in nifedipinetreated patients.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a primary care center. Data from 65 patients taking nifedipine were compared with 147 controls who had never received the drug. All patients were examined for the presence of gingival enlargement using 2 different indices: vertical gingival overgrowth index (GO) in 6 points around each tooth, and horizontal MB index in the interdental area. Gingival index, plaque index, and probing depth were also evaluated.Results: The prevalence of gingival enlargement was significantly higher in nifedipine‐treated cases than in controls (GO index, 33.8% versus 4.1%; MB index, 50.8% versus 7.5%, respectively). Higher gingival and plaque indices were observed in patients taking nifedipine. Among the possible risk factors, only the gingival index showed a significant association with gingival enlargement. The risk (odds ratio [OR]) of gingival enlargement associated with nifedipine therapy was 10.6 (3.8‐29.1) for the GO index and 14.4 (6‐34.6) for the MB index. Gingival index‐adjusted ORs were 9.6 (3.3‐28.1) and 9.7 (3.9‐23.3), respectively. In the subset of high nifedipine exposure patients, the odds ratio for gingival enlargement increased to 17.4 (5.3‐56.3) for the GO index and 23.6 (7.7‐72.3) for the MB index. The concordance between GO and MB indices showed a kappa value of 0.689 in controls and 0.642 in patients treated with nifedipine.Conclusions: Patients taking nifedipine are at high risk for gingival enlargement, and gingivitis acts as a predisposing factor. J Periodontol 2001;72:605‐611.
Naturally Occurring Periodontal Bone Loss in the Wild Deer Mouse, Genus Peromyscus
Authors: Wiebe Colin B. , Adkins Christine A. , Putnins Edward E. , Hakkinen Lari , Larjava Hannu S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Historically, animal models for the study of periodontal diseases have incorporated surgically created defects, plaque retentive ligatures, as well as soft and high‐sucrose diets which may not accurately reflect progression of the natural disease. Spontaneous periodontal disease is seen in a few animal species, but these are often expensive to maintain and are unsuitable for manipulation using advanced molecular biology techniques. Mice are inexpensive, easy to maintain, and are routinely used for transgenic experiments and are therefore an optimal animal for research purposes. However, it is commonly accepted that mice do not spontaneously develop periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if a mouse population that exhibits periodontal breakdown in the wild could be found, allowing for genetic manipulation of naturally occurring periodontal disease.Methods: We examined over 2,500 dry skulls of several Peromyscus species from various locations and habitats on the west coast of North America for periodontal bone loss in the molars, using furcation involvement as an indicator of disease severity. Alveolar bone loss was classified as Grade I) horizontal component of bone loss in the furcations; II) through‐andthrough furcations; and III) through‐and‐through furcations with alveolar bone loss into the apical third of the root.Results: The proportions of individual mice experiencing bone loss were 3.8% for Class I‐III involvement, 1.3% for Class II‐III involvement, and 0.5% for Class III alone. Three subspecies of P. keeni and one subspecies of P. maniculatus had periodontal disease prevalences in 7% to 13.5% of their samples. Mice from isolated islands had 1.8‐ to 4.7‐fold higher disease prevalence than those located on the mainland, with even greater prevalence on small islands. No statistically significant differences between genders were found.Conclusions: It appears that periodontal disease is far more common in this mouse genus than previously believed. Some of the subspecies demonstrated severe periodontal disease at a prevalence comparable to that found in humans. J Periodontol 2001;72:620‐625.
Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains to Cultured Epithelial Cells From Patients With a History of Chronic Adult Periodontitis or From Patients Less Susceptible to Periodontitis
Authors: Quirynen M. , Papaioannou W. , van Steenbergen T.J.M. , Dierickx K. , Cassiman J.J. , van Steenberghe D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study aimed to explain the interindividual variation in periodontitis susceptibility by differences in the initial adhesion rate of Porphyromonas gingivalis to the pocket epithelium of these individuals, and/or by inter‐P. gingivalis strain differences in association capacity (adhesion and internalization).Methods: Adhesion assays were performed on epithelial monolayers (cultured in vitro from pocket epithelium belonging to patients who were less or more susceptible to chronic adult periodontitis) using 11 genetically different clinical strains of P. gingivalisResults: Both the disease category (less susceptible versus susceptible) and the interstrain variation were found to have a significant effect (both P <0.05) on the initial bacterial association. The chronic adult periodontitis group showed significantly more association of P. gingivalis when compared to less susceptible patients (4.2 × 106 versus 3.5 × 106). Also, the interstrain variation was significant, with strains Pg 4 and 5 representing the least and best associating bacteria (1.8 × 106 colony forming units for Pg 4, 9 × 106 for Pg 5).Conclusions: These results indicate that periodontitis susceptibility is influenced by both the interindividual differences in pocket epithelium (allowing more adhesion of P. gingivalis) or by the strain type by which the patient is infected (intra‐species differences in adhesion capacity). J Periodontol 2001;72:626‐633.
Gliding Capacity of Different Dental Flosses
Authors: Dörfer Christof E. , Wündrich Dominik , Jörg Staehle Hans , Pioch Thomas 
Published: February 2005

Background: One of the major concerns with the use of dental floss is the passage of the proximal contact, which might be influenced by the material characteristics of the floss. The aim of this study was to compare the gliding capacities of different flosses with major differences in structure and experimental behavior in vivo.Methods: In a clinical, single‐blind, crossover study of 27 subjects, the forces necessary for passing all 14 proximal contacts between the first premolars were measured using 2 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐based flosses, 2 nylon‐based flosses, and 1 nylon‐based tape. The flosses were fixed in a special holder with strain gauges, which allowed registration of the maximum forces at insertion into and removal from the interdental area.Results: In most contacts, the PTFE flosses needed less force compared to the nylon flosses. The range between the flosses was higher in the mandible compared to the maxilla and increased from the mesially located contacts to the more distally located contacts. The nylon tape required higher forces at insertion for all maxillary contacts. All other flosses proved to be equivalent at these contacts.Conclusions: PTFE flosses are superior to nylon flosses in terms of passing stronger proximal contacts in both directions. Due to gliding differences between different types of floss, the selection of a floss has the potential of compensating intra‐ and interindividual variation in contact strengths. J Periodontol 2001;72:672‐678.
Human Papillomavirus Infection in Cyclosporin‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth in Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Bustos Dolores A. , Grenón Miriam S. , Benitez Mónica , de Boccardo Graciela , Pavan Jorge V. , Gendelman Héctor 
Published: February 2005

Background: Host immunity plays an important role in the development of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated disease. The HPV infection in oral cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients has not been investigated previously. The aim of this study was to establish the HPV infection of cyclosporin‐induced gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients through morphological changes and use of the in situ hybridization technique.Methods: We examined 13 renal transplant recipient biopsies with gingival overgrowth lesions and 4 healthy mucosa samples of these patients. The histopathological diagnoses were established on the basis of widely accepted criteria, and the pathologist was not aware of the HPV result. An in situ molecular hybridization was carried out under low stringent conditions to detect HPV species with mixed biotin‐labeled probes of HPV 6 and HPV 11, and under high stringent conditions with HPV 6, HPV 11, HPV 16, and HPV 18 probes for HPV typing.Results: The HPV prevalence among the 13 samples studied was 92.31% (12/13), of which 4 tested positive for HPV 6‐11 and 1 for HPV 16. The 4 biopsies of normal mucosa from gingival overgrowth patients were also reactive for HPV DNA. In 11/12 (91.7%) HPV‐positive cases, koilocytotic atypia was found.Conclusions: The suppression of T‐cell function by cyclosporin therapy can result in an increase of HPV infection, adding to the proliferative activity of cyclosporin in the oral mucosa. J Periodontol 2001;72:741‐744.
Coronally Advanced Flap Procedure: Is the Interdental Papilla a Prognostic Factor for Root Coverage?
Authors: Saletta Daniele , Prato Giovanpaolo Pini , Pagliaro Umberto , Baldi Carlo , Mauri Mauro , Nieri Michele 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study was designed to verify if the dimension of the interdental papilla may be a prognostic factor for the clinical outcome of the coronally advanced flap (CAF) in the treatment of gingival recessions.Methods: Thirty‐three Miller Class I recessions were treated in 33 patients using the CAF procedure. Two types of measurements were performed: 1) clinical measurements (probing depth, recession depth, width of keratinized tissue, clinical attachment level) were recorded at baseline and 3 months after surgery and 2) all recessions were photographed and transformed into computer images. A specific software allowed recording of both linear and square measurements. The following digital measurements were recorded at baseline: 1) base, height, and area of the mesial and distal papillae adjacent to the involved tooth and 2) width/depth of the recession and the area of the exposed root surface of the involved tooth. The residual recession area, if any, was recorded 3 months after surgery. The digital measurements of the height and of the area of the papilla were used in statistical analysis (multiple linear regression and logistic regression) to evaluate a possible correlation with root coverage (mm2) and/or with complete root coverage.Results: Root coverage was not significantly correlated to the papilla area (P = 0.3692) or to papilla height (P = 0.0968). The complete root coverage was not correlated to the papilla area (P = 0.3181), but it was correlated to papilla height (P = 0.0499).Conclusions: This study indicates that the root coverage following CAF procedure is not significantly correlated to papilla dimension. However, complete root coverage is significantly more frequent in sites with lower height of the adjacent papilla. J Periodontol 2001;72:760‐766.
Successful Periodontal Maintenance of a Case With Papillon‐Lefévre Syndrome: 12‐Year Follow‐Up and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wiebe Colin B. , Häkkinen Lari , Putnins Edward E. , Walsh Priscilla , Larjava Hannu S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Various approaches to treating the periodontal condition associated with Papillon‐Lefévre syndrome have been reported. These include oral hygiene instruction, use of mouthrinses, frequent debridement, multiple antibiotic regimens, periodontal surgery, extraction of hopeless teeth, and extraction of all deciduous teeth. Because Papillon‐Lefévre syndrome is rare, most publications are case reports, and very few document long‐term successful treatment of the periodontal condition.Methods: In 1986, a 3.5‐year‐old Indo‐Canadian male was diagnosed with Papillon‐Lefévre syndrome and began periodontal treatment. Initial therapy consisted of debridement every 3 weeks, a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse, 2 regimens of metronidazole, and oral hygiene instruction for his parents. After 10 months it became apparent that the treatment was having little beneficial effect, since the periodontal destruction continued and teeth 51 and 61 exfoliated. At age 4, all remaining deciduous teeth were extracted and complete dentures inserted for the following 2‐year edentulous period; then a 3‐month maintenance schedule was maintained.Results: The patient is now 17 years old and all his adult teeth are present with the exception of the third molars. His oral hygiene varies between moderate and good, with his most recent plaque score at 80% effectiveness. There are no probing depths greater than 4 mm, with the exception of the distal of the lower second molars where opercula are present.Conclusions: Extraction of all the deciduous teeth followed by a period of edentulousness may partially explain the fact that there has been no recurrent attachment loss in the permanent teeth up to age 17. Other explanations are discussed as part of the literature review of Papillon‐Lefévre syndrome. J Periodontol 2001;72:824‐830.
Effects of Furcation Involvements on Periodontal Status and Healing in Adjacent Proximal Sites
Authors: Ehnevid Helge , Jansson Leif E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: In a recent study it was found that following non‐surgical treatment, probing depth (PD) reduction in proximal sites is significantly less in the presence of a vertical destruction in the adjacent site of the neighboring tooth. The present investigation was undertaken to study whether the presence of a proximal furcation involvement also influences the periodontal conditions in the adjacent site of the neighboring tooth.Methods: The investigation was conducted as a retrospective study on a consecutive referral population based on full‐mouth oral radiographic examinations and PD and plaque score registrations. The statistical analyses were performed on a final sample of 136 patients, with 153 (periodontal status) and 123 (periodontal healing) second maxillary premolars with an adjacent first maxillary molar.Results: Baseline pockets were significantly deeper, relative radiographic attachment levels significantly reduced, and periodontal PD significantly less reduced after non‐surgical treatment in the distal sites of second maxillary premolars adjacent to first maxillary molars with a mesial furcation involvement of degree ≥2, compared to distal sites adjacent to first maxillary molars with a mesial furcation involvement of degree ≤1.Conclusions: Periodontal status and healing after non‐surgical treatment in proximal sites are negatively influenced by the presence of a deep furcation involvement in the adjacent site in the same proximal space. The presence of a deep proximal furcation involvement should consequently be considered a risk factor for the adjacent site of the neighboring tooth. J Periodontol 2001;72:871‐876.
Interleukin‐1β and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) Levels After Phase I Periodontal Therapy in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Tüter Gülay , Kurtiş Bülent , Serdar Muhittin 
Published: February 2005

Background: Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), a potent stimulator of bone resorption, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal tissue destruction. There is also a clearly defined and substantial role for free radicals or reactive oxygen species in periodontal destruction. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) is a commonly applied test to measure free radical activity. The aims of this study were to investigate the amount of crevicular IL‐1β, tissue TBARS levels, and the clinical status of patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and the effect of phase I periodontal therapy on these clinical parameters and measurements.Methods: Twenty‐five chronic periodontitis and 25 healthy control (C) patients were selected for the study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded from each sampling area. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling and clinical index scores were recorded at the initial examination (IE) and 6 weeks after phase I periodontal therapy (APT). Assays for GCF IL‐1β were carried out by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gingival tissue samples were obtained from sites requiring periodontal flap surgery due to unresolved pockets to determine the tissue TBARS levels. The pairedsamples t test was used to compare the IL‐1β levels and clinical parameters between IE and APT. The independent‐samples t test was used to determine the significance of all parameters between IE and C, and between APT and C. The correlation among the IL‐1β levels, clinical parameters, and tissue TBARS levels was analyzed using the Pearson correlation.Results: The concentration of IL‐1β levels was not statistically different among IE, APT, and C groups, but the total amount of IL‐1β levels was statistically different among the 3 groups. While the levels of IL‐1β and the clinical parameters were reduced following phase I periodontal treatment, pretreatment IL‐1β, post‐treatment IL‐1β, and TBARS levels were statistically higher in IE and APT groups than C specimens. Tissue TBARS levels in the APT group were statistically greater than controls. No correlations were noted between tissue TBARS levels and clinical parameters in the APT group. A positive statistical correlation was detected between the total IL‐1β and TBARS levels in the APT group.Conclusion: These data suggest that the levels of crevicular IL‐1β and gingival tissue TBARS are closely associated with periodontal status. This relationship may be valuable in treating and monitoring periodontal disease progression. J Periodontol 2001;72:883‐888.
Clinical Periodontal Findings and Microflora Profiles in Children With Chronic Neutropenia Under Supervised Oral Hygiene
Authors: Okada Mitsugi , Kobayashi Masao , Hino Takamune , Kurihara Hidemi , Miura Kazuo 
Published: February 2005

Background: This is the first known case report that used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method to help identify the oral microflora in patients with chronic neutropenia. In this study, we report clinical periodontal findings and microflora profiles of 2 children, 1 with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN, Kostmann type) and 1 with cyclic neutropenia (CN).Methods: The SCN patient had severe gingivitis, whereas the patient with CN had mild gingivitis in the gingival margins. Monthly oral cleaning instruction and review were performed without subsequent periodontal therapy. Oral hygiene conditions remained satisfactory and visible plaque was scarce, despite the persistence of mild gingivitis. Under supervised oral hygiene, we examined the presence of periodontal pathogens from patient plaque samples.Results: By a PCR‐based method, Prevotella nigrescens, Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, and Capnocytophaga gingivalis were detected in the SCN patient and P. intermedia, C. rectus, C. gingivalis, and C. sputigena in the CN patient, suggesting the existence of periodontal pathogens. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and C. ochracea were not found in either patient.Conclusions: Use of 1% povidone iodine solution and local antibiotic application under supervised oral hygiene were helpful to improve gingival conditions in patients with chronic neutropenia. J Periodontol 2001;72:945‐952.
The Natural History of Periodontal Disease in Man. Risk Factors for Progression of Attachment Loss in Individuals Receiving No Oral Health Care
Authors: Neely Anthony L. , Holford Theodore R. , Löe Harald , Ånerud Åge , Boysen Hans 
Published: February 2005

Background: Few investigations have reported on risk factors for periodontal attachment loss over time in subjects with no home or professional dental care. The purpose of this report was to identify potential risk factors for progression of periodontal attachment loss among male Sri Lankan tea laborers who participated in a 20‐year investigation of the natural history of periodontal disease.Methods: Data for this report were obtained from the 154 subjects who participated in the 1970 baseline and the final 1990 examinations and included data from their interim examinations performed in 1971, 1973, 1977, 1982, and 1985. Oral health assessments included: 1) attachment levels in millimeters on mesial and mesio‐buccal surfaces of all but third molar teeth; 2) plaque index (PI); 3) gingival index (GI); 4) calculus index (CI); 5) caries index (DMFS); and 6) presence or absence of teeth. Other variables included age, history of smoking, and/or use of betel nut. Statistical analyses used multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The final adjusted model indicated that attachment loss increased significantly with age (X2 = 74.0; df = 1), GI (X2 = 45.5; df = 1), CI (X2 = 52.7; df = 1) and follow‐up time (X2 = 219.8; df = 6, P <0.0001 for all variables).Conclusions: Age, GI, CI, and time were significantly associated with mean attachment loss over 20 years. Neither PI, history of smoking, or history of betel nut use were significantly associated with attachment loss over time. J Periodontol 2001;72:1006‐1015.