bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevations in core and muscle temperature impairs repeated sprint performance
Authors: Drust B. , Rasmussen P. , Mohr M. , Nielsen B. , Nybo L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim:  The present study investigated the effects of hyperthermia on intermittent exercise and repeated sprint performance.Methods:  Seven men completed 40 min of intermittent cycling comprising of 15 s exercise (306 ± 22 W) and 15 s rest periods (0 W) followed by 5 × 15 s maximal sprints on a cycle ergometer in normal (∼20 °C, control) and hot (40 °C, hyperthermia) environments.Results:  Completion of the intermittent protocol in the heat elevated core and muscle temperatures (39.5 ± 0.2 °C; 40.2 ± 0.4 °C), heart rate (178 ± 11 beats min−1), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (18 ± 1) and noradrenaline (38.9 ± 13.2 μmol l−1) (all P < 0.05). During the first sprint (n = 6), both peak and mean power output were similar across the environmental conditions. However, mean power over the last four sprints declined to a larger extent during hyperthermia compared with the control trial (P < 0.05). Consequently, average mean power output during the five sprints was lower in hyperthermia (558.0 ± 146.9 W) compared with control (617.5 ± 122.6 W; P < 0.05). Power output during the repeated sprints was reduced by hyperthermia despite an elevated muscle temperature that should promote sprint performance. Venous plasma potassium concentrations (H; 5.3 ± 0.8 mmol l−1 vs. C; 6.3 ± 1.0 mmol l−1, P = 0.06) and muscle lactate levels (H; 76.6 ± 24.3 mmol kg−1 dry weight vs. C; 108.8 ± 20.1 mmol kg−1 dry weight) were lower following the hyperthermic sprints compared to control.Conclusion:  Although an elevated muscle temperature is expected to promote sprint performance, power output during the repeated sprints was reduced by hyperthermia. The impaired performance does not seem to relate to the accumulation of recognized metabolic fatigue agents and we, therefore, suggest that it may relate to the influence of high core temperature on the function of the central nervous system.
Oral pre‐treatment with rosuvastatin protects porcine myocardium from ischaemia/reperfusion injury via a mechanism related to nitric oxide but not to serum cholesterol level
Authors: Bulhak A. A. , Gourine A. V. , Gonon A. T. , Sjöquist P.‐O. , Valen G. , Pernow J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAims:  The aim of this study was to test whether oral pre‐treatment with rosuvastatin at a dosage giving clinically relevant plasma concentrations protects the myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury and to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and neutrophil infiltration.Methods:  Pigs were given placebo (n = 7), rosuvastatin (80 mg day−1, n =7), rosuvastatin (160 mg day−1, n = 7) or pravastatin (160 mg day−1, n = 7) orally for 5 days before being subjected to coronary artery ligation and reperfusion. An additional group was given rosuvastatin 160 mg day−1 and a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor.Results:  Rosuvastatin 80 and 160 mg day−1 resulted in plasma concentrations of 2.6 ± 0.7 and 5.6 ± 1.0 ng mL−1, respectively. Serum cholesterol was not affected. Rosuvastatin 160 mg day−1 and pravastatin limited the infarct size from 82 ± 3% of the area at risk in the placebo group to 61 ± 3% (P < 0.05), and to 61 ± 2% (P < 0.05) respectively. Rosuvastatin 80 mg day−1 limited the infarct size to 69 ± 2%, however, this effect was not statistically significant. Rosuvastatin 160 mg day−1 attenuated neutrophil infiltration in the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium. The protective effect of rosuvastatin 160 mg day−1 was abolished by NOS inhibition. The expression of NOS2 and NOS3 in the myocardium did not differ between the groups.Conclusions:  Oral pre‐treatment with rosuvastatin limited infarct size following ischaemia/reperfusion without affecting cholesterol levels. The cardioprotective effect is suggested to be dependent on maintained bioactivity of NO, without influencing NOS expression.
Changes in signalling molecule levels in 10‐day hindlimb immobilized rat muscles
Authors: Machida S. , Booth F. W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim:  Hindlimb immobilization produces similar percentage decreases in muscle mass in the predominantly type I soleus and type II vastus lateralis muscles. Consequently we hypothesized that the percentage changes in potential regulatory molecules for atrophy would be similar in the two muscle fibre types.Methods:  Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to measure phosphorylated p38 MAPK and JNK, as well as the protein levels of p53, growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible 45 (GADD45), and full‐length poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) to determine whether their changes in expression in the soleus and vastus lateralis muscles were similar at 10th day of hindlimb immobilization in young rats.Results:  Unexpectedly, preferential increases in phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK and in the protein levels of p53, GADD45, as well as decreases in full‐length PARP occurred in the soleus muscle, while only p38 phosphorylation increased in the white portion of the vastus lateralis muscle at 10th day of hindlimb immobilization.Conclusion:  Taken together, these results are interpreted to suggest that some of regulatory processes or kinetics in the atrophy of type I and II muscle fibres during limb immobilization may differ at the 10th day of limb immobilization.
The effect of acid suppression on sleep patterns and sleep‐related gastro‐oesophageal reflux
Authors: Orr W. C. , Goodrich S. , Robert J. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryBackground : Several studies have demonstrated that night‐time gastro‐oesophageal reflux affects sleep quality, and thereby impairs daytime functioning.Aim : To determine whether treatment with a proton‐pump inhibitor (rabeprazole) would improve both objective and subjective measures of sleep.Methods : Individuals with complaints of significant gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease were studied by polysomnography and 24‐h pH monitoring on two separate nights. On one occasion, participants received 20 mg rabeprazole b.d., and on another they received placebo. Both study conditions were preceded by a week of treatment with either rabeprazole or placebo. The order of treatments was randomized.Results : Rabeprazole significantly reduced overall acid reflux, but it did not significantly reduce night‐time acid contact. Rabeprazole treatment significantly improved subjective indices of sleep quality. There were no significant differences on objective measures of sleep between placebo and rabeprazole treatment.Conclusions : Consistent with other studies of pharmacological treatments for gastro‐oesophageal reflux, subjective measures of sleep improved with heartburn medication but objective measures were not affected.
Neurolathyrism risk depends on type of grass pea preparation and on mixing with cereals and antioxidants
Authors: Getahun Haileyesus , Lambein Fernand , Vanhoorne Michel , Stuyft Patrick Van der 
Published: January 2005

SummaryObjective  To study an array of household individual and dietary risk factors for neurolathyrism.Method  Case–control study using recent cases in a district highly affected by the recent neurolathyrism epidemic in Ethiopia: 108 households with cases and 104 households with no cases; 170 neurolathyrism cases, 370 intra‐family controls and 170 community controls frequency matched for age and sex.Results  A history of acute illness was associated with a two‐ and threefold increased risk of paralysis in community and intra‐family controls, respectively. Soaking grass pea in water before cooking roughly halved the risk of neurolathyrism but cooking in clay utensils more than quadrupled it. Consumption of grass pea in the green unripe and boiled forms increased the risk 10 times or more. Mixing the food with gravy that contains condiments with antioxidant activity reduced it by a factor of 4. The consumption of grass pea mixed with cereals rich in sulphur amino acids was also highly protective, but the magnitude of the effect depended on the grass pea preparation consumed.Conclusion  Consumption of pure grass pea, especially in the green unripe and boiled forms, should be avoided. Communities at risk of neurolathyrism during famine crises should be encouraged to combine and use grass pea with cereals before the household cereal stock is fully depleted. Breeding programmes, alongside traditional attempts to reduce the toxin content, should enhance the content of sulphur amino acids and antioxidants in grass pea.
The effect of treatment with omalizumab, an anti‐IgE antibody, on asthma exacerbations and emergency medical visits in patients with severe persistent asthma
Authors: Bousquet J. , Cabrera P. , Berkman N. , Buhl R. , Holgate S. , Wenzel S. , Fox H. , Hedgecock S. , Blogg M. , Cioppa G. Della 
Published: January 2005

Background:  Patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite treatment according to current asthma management guidelines have a significant unmet medical need. Such patients are at high risk of serious exacerbations and asthma‐related mortality.Methods:  Here, we pooled data from seven studies to determine the effect of omalizumab, an anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody, on asthma exacerbations in patients with severe persistent asthma. Omalizumab was added to current asthma therapy and compared with placebo (in five double‐blind studies) or with current asthma therapy alone (in two open‐label studies). The studies included 4308 patients (2511 treated with omalizumab), 93% of whom had severe persistent asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2002 classification. Using the Poisson regression model, results were calculated as the ratio of treatment effect (omalizumab : control) on the standardized exacerbation rate per year.Results:  Omalizumab significantly reduced the rate of asthma exacerbations by 38% (P < 0.0001 vs control) and the rate of total emergency visits by 47% (P < 0.0001 vs control). Analysis of demographic subgroups showed that the efficacy of omalizumab on asthma exacerbations was unaffected by patient age, gender, baseline serum IgE (split by median) or by 2‐ or 4‐weekly dosing schedule, although benefit in absolute terms appeared to be greatest in patients with more severe asthma, defined by a lower value of percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at baseline.Conclusions:  These results suggest that omalizumab may fulfil an important need in patients with severe persistent asthma, many of whom are not adequately controlled on current therapy.
Benefits of omalizumab as add‐on therapy in patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite best available therapy (GINA 2002 step 4 treatment): INNOVATE
Authors: Humbert M. , Beasley R. , Ayres J. , Slavin R. , Hébert J. , Bousquet J. , Beeh K.‐M. , Ramos S. , Canonica G. W. , Hedgecock S. , Fox H. , Blogg M. , Surrey K. 
Published: January 2005

Background:  Patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2002 step 4 therapy are a challenging population with significant unmet medical need. We determined the effect of omalizumab on clinically significant asthma exacerbations (requiring systemic corticosteroids) in the first omalizumab study to exclusively enrol patients from this difficult‐to‐treat patient population.Methods:  Following a run‐in phase, patients (12–75 years) inadequately controlled despite therapy with high‐dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long‐acting β2‐agonists (LABA) with reduced lung function and a recent history of clinically significant exacerbations were randomized to receive omalizumab or placebo for 28 weeks in a double‐blind, parallel‐group, multicentre study.Results:  A total of 419 patients were included in the efficacy analyses. The clinically significant asthma exacerbation rate (primary efficacy variable), adjusted for an observed relevant imbalance in history of clinically significant asthma exacerbations, was 0.68 with omalizumab and 0.91 with placebo (26% reduction) during the 28‐week treatment phase (P =  0.042). Without adjustment, a similar magnitude of effect was seen (19% reduction), but this did not reach statistical significance. Omalizumab significantly reduced severe asthma exacerbation rate (0.24 vs 0.48, P =  0.002) and emergency visit rate (0.24 vs 0.43, P = 0.038). Omalizumab significantly improved asthma‐related quality of life, morning peak expiratory flow and asthma symptom scores. The incidence of adverse events was similar between treatment groups.Conclusions:  In patients with inadequately controlled severe persistent asthma, despite high‐dose ICS and LABA therapy, and often additional therapy, omalizumab significantly reduced the rate of clinically significant asthma exacerbations, severe exacerbations and emergency visits. Omalizumab is effective and should be considered as add‐on therapy for patients with inadequately controlled severe persistent asthma who have a significant unmet need despite best available therapy.
A multifactorial analysis of concurrent patch‐test reactions to nickel, cobalt, and chromate
Authors: Hegewald J. , Uter W. , Pfahlberg A. , Geier J. , Schnuch A. ,   the IVDK
Published: January 2005

Background:  Previous research indicates that positive patch tests to nickel (II) sulphate, cobalt (II) chloride and potassium dichromate commonly occur together.Methods:  To further examine the relationship between nickel, cobalt, chromate, and the factors that may potentially be related to concurrent sensitizations to two or all three metal allergens, data from the Information Network of Dermatology Departments (IVDK, http://www.ivdk.org) have been investigated.Results:  Women had a higher conditional odds of concurrent nickel–cobalt (OR = 6.80; 95% CI: 5.65–8.19) and nickel–chromate (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.67–2.72) reactions than men. Construction workers had a significantly higher odds of cobalt–chromate reactions (OR = 13.89; 95% CI: 10.36–18.64), while the odds of isolated cobalt allergy was only 0.92 (95% CI: 0.48–1.74). Patients with underlying atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome had a 40–90% higher chance of any positive outcome, which involved chromate. Polysensitization, defined as the number of positive reactions to standard series substances other than nickel, cobalt, and chromate, was also significantly associated with the concurrent reactions; moreover, steady and significant effect gradients were noted.Conclusions:  This research confirms the occupational nature of cobalt–chromate concurrent reactions, in particular, in construction workers. Polysensitization, which is considered to represent susceptibility to delayed‐hypersensitivity in general, is also associated with the concurrent reactions to the metals. Hence, not only coupled exposure, but also individual susceptibility may be responsible for concurrent reactions to metals in man.
Epidemiological characterization of the intermittent and persistent types of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Bauchau V. , Durham S. R. 
Published: January 2005

Background:  A new classification of allergic rhinitis (AR) has been proposed by the allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) workgroup. The validity of this new classification is still largely unknown, especially the extent to which it differs from the classical seasonal/perennial (SAR/PAR) classification, and how and whether intermittent and persistent types of AR, as defined by ARIA, differ from each other.Methods:  Two‐step cross‐sectional, population‐based, in six Western Europe countries; telephone interview followed by clinical diagnosis [including specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurements] in a selected subset.Results:  Within the population with AR, 29% of the subjects had persistent AR. There was no association between the intermittent/persistent and the SAR/PAR classifications. Subjects with persistent AR had more severe symptoms, and higher rate of self‐awareness and previous diagnosis of AR; they were also clearly distinct in their sensitization pattern and medication use.Conclusions:  The classic types of SAR/PAR cannot be used interchangeably with the new classification of intermittent/persistent, as they do not represent the same stratum of disease. There is also evidence that the persistent type describes a distinct group with characteristics that differentiates them from intermittent AR. These results support the validity of the new ARIA classification.
Genetic structure and differentiation of 12 African Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle breeds, inferred from protein and microsatellite polymorphisms
Authors: Ibeagha‐Awemu E.M. , Erhardt G. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryLevel of genetic differentiation, gene flow and genetic structuring of nine Bos indicus and three Bos taurus cattle breeds in Cameroon and Nigeria were estimated using the genetic information from 16 microsatellite, five blood protein and seven milk protein markers. The global heterozygote deficit across all populations (Fit) amounted to 11.7% (p < 0.001). The overall significant (p < 0.001) deficit of heterozygotes because of inbreeding within breeds (Fis) amounted to 6.1%. The breeds were moderately differentiated (Fst = 6%, p < 0.001) with all loci except CSN1S2 contributing significantly to the Fst value. The 12 populations belong to two genetic clusters, a zebu and a taurine cluster. While inferred sub‐clusters within the taurine group corresponded extremely well to predefined breed categorizations, no real sub‐clusters, corresponding to predefined breeds, existed within the zebu cluster. With the application of prior population information, cluster analysis achieved posterior probabilities from 0.962 to 0.994 of correctly assigning individuals to their rightful populations. High gene flow was evident between the zebu populations. Positive and negative implications of the observed genetic structure of the breeds on their development, improvement and conservation are discussed. The study shows that the breeds are threatened by uncontrolled breeding and therefore are at risk to become genetically uniform in the future. This situation can be avoided by putting in place effective breeding and management measures aimed at limiting uncontrolled mating between the breeds and to preserve special characteristics, genetic as well as breed biodiversity. The first step towards realizing these goals might be to geographically demarcate the breeds.
Estimation of genetic parameters for lactational milk yields using two‐dimensional random regressions on parities and days in milk in Chinese Simmental cattle
Authors: Yang R.Q. , Ren H.Y. , Schaeffer L.R. , Xu S.Z. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryA two‐dimensional random regression model with regressions on days in milk (DIM) and parity number was applied to lactational milk yields in Chinese Simmental cattle. Random regressions were fitted for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects using a two‐dimensional polynomial on DIM and parity number. A total of 4340 lactational milk yields from Chinese Simmental cattle which calved between 1980 and early 2000 were used in this study. Variance components were estimated using Bayesian methodology via Gibbs sampling. Variances of random regression coefficients associated with all terms of the polynomials were significant. A covariance function showed that heritabilities of lactational milk yields between 200 and 400 DIM over parities varied between 0.25 and 0.45. Heritabilities of 305‐day milk yields from 1st to 6–8th parities were 0.28, 0.30, 0.32 0.32, 0.32, and 0.31, respectively. Ratios of permanent environment variances to total variances at each DIM were greater than corresponding heritabilities. Generally, genetic correlations were higher between lactational milk yields with similar DIM and parity number.
Oestrogen receptor genotypes and litter size in Hungarian Large White pigs
Authors: Horogh G. , Zsolnai A. , Komlósi I. , Nyíri A. , Anton I. , Fésüs L. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryA total of 869 litter records of 226 Hungarian Large White sows have been analysed to investigate the possible use of the oestrogen receptor gene (ESR) as marker to improve litter size. First, second and later parities have been evaluated separately. Frequencies of A = 0.55 and B =0.45 have been calculated for the two ESR alleles and the observed/expected number of the three genotypes were as follows: AA: 71/69.1, AB: 108/111.8 and BB: 47/45.1. BB type first and later parity sows were superior to AB and AA sows for number born alive (NBA), total number of born (TNB) and the corrected number of weaned piglets (CNW), respectively.
Dermatophytosis on the eyelid caused by Microsporum gypseum
Authors: Machado Alexandre Paulo , Hirata Sérgio Henrique , Ogawa Marília Marufugi , Tomimori‐Yamashita Jane , Fischman Olga 
Published: January 2005

SummaryWe report a case of tinea on the eyelid in a woman with psoriasis. Due to the history of psoriasis and clinical aspect of the lesion the diagnosis of psoriasis was suggested in the first place; however, laboratory examination revealed Microsporum gypseum. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole resulting in clinical and mycological cure. We emphasize the uncommon location of tinea caused by M. gypseum and the importance of searching for fungal infection on scaly lesions.
Evaluation of a synchronous twin‐pulse technique for shock wave lithotripsy: the first prospective clinical study
Authors: Sheir Khaled Z. , El‐Diasty Tarek A. , Ismail Amani M. 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVETo present the results of the first clinical study of a synchronous twin‐pulse technique for extracorporeal shock‐wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which is effective for in vitro stone fragmentation and safe when assessed in vivo on animal tissue.PATIENTS AND METHODSFifty patients with urinary stones (35 men and 15 women) were enrolled and treated with the TWINHEADS lithotripter. The entry criteria were: age ≥ 18 years, with a radio‐opaque single stone in the kidney or upper ureter, a normal laboratory profile (serum creatinine, liver function, blood, bleeding and clotting times, and prothrombin concentration). The exclusion criteria included lower ureteric stones, patients with urinary tract infection, obstructed urinary tract distal to the stones, or congenital abnormalities. All patients received one session and were evaluated by ultrasonography (US), urinary tract plain X‐ray, and complete laboratory investigations before and immediately after treatment, and after 2, 14 and 30 days. Patients requiring re‐treatment at the 14‐day visit received a second session and were re‐evaluated after 7 and 14 days.RESULTSThe mean (sd, range) stone size (longest diameter) was 12.3 (2.6, 9–18) mm. Intravenous sedation was used in 30 patients. There was mild haematuria in 25 patients on the day of treatment. During the follow‐up there was no evidence of haematoma, gross renal injury, upper urinary tract obstruction or significant changes in the laboratory investigations. After 14 days, 17 patients (34%) were free of stones, with residual stones of ≤ 5 mm in 20 (40%); they were free of stones at the 1‐month follow‐up. Thirteen patients (26%) had residual stones of 6–9 mm, but the stones were half or less of the original size. Patients with residual stones of > 5 mm had another ESWL session and were free of stones within 14 days. Thus all patients were rendered stone‐free within 1 month.CONCLUSIONSSynchronous twin‐pulse ESWL is promising, seems safe and effective for treating patients with renal and upper ureteric lithiasis.