bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐tumor T cell response and protective immunity in mice that received sublethal irradiation and immune reconstitution
Authors: Ma Jun , Urba Walter J. , Si Lüsheng , Wang Yili , Fox Bernard A. , Hu Hong‐Ming 
Published: July 2003

AbstractTo test whether homeostasis‐driven T cell proliferation in reconstituted lymphodepleted hosts would improve the therapeutic efficacy of tumor vaccines, normal mice and reconstituted lymphopenic mice (RLM; C57BL/6 mice rendered lymphopenic with sublethal total‐body irradiation and reconstituted with naive splenocytes) were used in the vaccination and challenge experiments with weakly immunogenic F10 melanoma cells. Only limited protection was observed in vaccinated normal mice (16.7%), whereas significantly greater protection was induced in vaccinated RLM (63.2%). Protective immunity in RLM depended on CD8 T cells. Following vaccination, a significant increase in the percentage of CD44hiCD62Llo T cells was detected in the tumor vaccine‐draining lymph node (TVDLN) of vaccinated RLM compared to that of vaccinated normal mice. After in vitro stimulation, effector T cells generated from TVDLN of vaccinated RLM produced more IFN‐γ than T cells from vaccinated normal mice, and contained more melanoma‐specific T cells, as assessed by ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining. This study suggests that vaccination of reconstituted lymphopenic hosts could elicit superior anti‐tumor immunity compared to normal hosts, highlighting the potential clinical benefit of performing tumor vaccination during immune reconstitution.
Activated Akt promotes increased resting T cell size, CD28‐independent T cell growth, and development of autoimmunity and lymphoma
Authors: Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Elstrom Rebecca L. , Cinalli Ryan M. , Thompson Craig B. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe mechanisms that regulate basal T cell size and metabolic activity are uncertain. Since the phosphatidylinositol‐3 phosphate kinase (PI3 K) and Akt (PKB) pathway has been shown in model organisms to regulate both cell size and metabolism, we generated transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active form of Akt (myristoylated Akt, mAkt) in T cells. Naive transgenic T cells were enlarged and had increased rates of glycolysis compared to control T cells. In addition, mAkt transgenic T cells resisted death‐by‐neglect upon in vitro culture. Upon activation, mAkt‐transgenic T cells were less dependent than control cells on costimulation through CD28 and could both grow rapidly and secrete cytokines in the absence of CD28 ligation. In addition, transgenic expression of mAkt led to the accumulation of CD4 T cells and B cells with age. Many aged mAkt‐transgenic mice also developed autoimmunity with immunoglobulin deposits on kidney glomeruli and displayed increased incidence of lymphoma. Together, these data show that Akt activation is sufficient to increase basal T cell size and metabolism. Enhancement of T cell metabolism by Akt and more rapid CD28‐independent T cell growth may contribute to the accumulation of excess immune cells and the development of lymphoma and autoimmunity.
The mer receptor tyrosine kinase: expression and function suggest a role in innate immunity
Authors: Behrens Edward M. , Gadue Paul , Gong Shun‐you , Garrett Stacey , Stein Paul L. , Cohen Philip L. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe mer receptor tyrosine kinase mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and modulates cytokine production; it is also required for prevention of systemic autoimmune disease. Using a mer‐specific antibody, we have confirmed the presence of mer on macrophages and now report its expression on NK cells, NKT cells, and dendritic cells (DC). We found that DC do not require mer for ingestion of apoptotic cells, as DC from mer‐deficient mice phagocytose apoptotic cells normally. Mer was observed in splenic sections on cells outside follicular areas, probably representing DC and macrophages. Mer apparentlyparticipates in NKT‐cell antigen‐induced signaling, as NKT cells from mer‐deficient mice evinced much lower cytokine production after in vivo α‐galactosylceramide stimulation; this defect was intrinsic to the mer‐deficient NKT cells. Taken together, these studies show mer expression on cells of the innate immune system. Mer, through its binding of lipid antigens, may not only mediate ingestion of apoptotic cells, but also signal events in NK cells, NKT cells, and DC.
Structural Characterization of N‐Methylpyridoxine (MePN; PN = Vitamin B6) and Its Diorganotin Complexes [SnR2(MePN‐H)]I (R = Me, Et, Bu and Ph)
Authors: Casas José S. , Castiñeiras Alfonso , Condori Félix , Couce María D. , Russo Umberto , Sánchez Agustín , Sordo José , Varela José M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractFor comparison with the corresponding pyridoxine complexes we have prepared dimethyl‐, diethyl‐, dibutyl‐ and diphenyltin(IV) complexes of N‐methylpyridoxine (MePN). The compounds [SnMe2(MePN−H)]I (1), [SnEt2(MePN−H)]I (2), [SnBu2(MePN−H)]I (3) and [SnPh2(MePN−H)]I·H2O (4) were isolated and characterized by IR, Raman, Mössbauer, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy, and by EI and FAB mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of [HMePN]I and of compounds 1, 2·2H2O and 3 were determined by X‐ray diffractometry. Their lattices contain dimeric [SnR2(MePN−H)]22+ units (R = Me, Et, Bu) in which two bridging‐chelating methylpyridoxinato anions link pentacoordinate Sn atoms with coordination polyhedra closer to square pyramids than to trigonal bipyramids. NMR results show that the dimeric cations persist in (CD3)2SO. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Degradation of the Second‐Generation Grubbs Metathesis Catalyst with Primary Alcohols and Oxygen − Isomerization and Hydrogenation Activities of Monocarbonyl Complexes
Authors: Dinger Maarten B. , Mol Johannes C. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractReaction of the second‐generation Grubbs metathesis catalyst [RuCl2(=CHPh)(H2IMes)(PCy3)] (2) (H2IMes = 1,3‐dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene) with primary alcohols in the presence of a base produced the complexes [RuClH(CO)(PCy3)2] (3) and [RuClH(CO)(H2IMes)(PCy3)] (5). When benzyl alcohol was used, the ruthenium phenyl complexes [RuClPh(CO)(PCy3)2] (4) and [RuClPh(CO)(H2IMes)(PCy3)] (7) were formed in addition to 3 and 5. Complex 7, characterised by an X‐ray structure analysis, was also formed on exposure of 2 to oxygen. The isomerization and hydrogenation activity of 7 was determined and compared with that of 3 and 4. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Remote Rotamer Control: The Effect of a 4‐tert‐Butyl Group on the Coordination Chemistry of TpR Ligands
Authors: Rheingold Arnold L. , Liable‐Sands Louise M. , Golan James A. , Trofimenko Swiatoslaw 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThree novel homoscorpionate ligands containing a tert‐butyl group in the 4‐position have been synthesized: hydrotris(4‐tert‐butylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate (Tp4tBu), hydrotris(4‐tert‐butyl‐3‐p‐tolylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate (TpTol,4tBu), and hydrotris(4‐tert‐butyl‐3‐isopropylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate (TpiPr,4tBu). The 4‐tert‐butyl group does not alter the coordination chemistry of the first two ligands, relative to their 4‐H analogues, however, the coordination chemistry of the third ligand is dramatically changed, making it a “tetrahedral enforcer”. The complexes Co[Tp4tBu][TpNp] (1), Tl[TpTol,4tBu] (2), Rh[TpTol,4tBu](CO)2 (3), Co[TpiPr,4tBu]Cl (4), Co[TpiPr,4tBu]N3 (5) and Co[TpiPr,4tBu]NCS (6) have been structurally characterized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Pyrene‐Bridged Bis(phenanthroline) Ligands and Their Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Chouai Latif , Wu Feiyue , Jang Youngchan , Thummel Randolph P. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe Friedländer condensation of 8‐amino‐7‐quinolinecarbaldehyde with a series of four isomeric diacetylpyrenes provides the corresponding 1,3‐, 1,6‐, 1,8‐, and 2,7‐bis(2′‐[1′,10′]phenanthrolinyl)pyrenes. These ligands, along with the tetrahydro analogue to the 2,7‐pyrene‐bridged isomer, have been treated with [Ru([D8]bpy)2Cl2], where [D8]bpy = [D8]2,2′‐bipyridine, to afford the dinuclear RuII complexes, 1H NMR and X‐ray crystallographic analysis of which indicate that the bridging pyrene is layered between a [D8]bpy auxiliary ligand coordinated to each metal atom. Although well situated for π−π interactions, little such effect is seen on the photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Ferromagnetism in [Mn(Cp*)2]+‐Derived Complexes: the “Miraculous” Stacking in [Mn(Cp*)2][Ni(dmit)2]
Authors: Faulmann Christophe , Rivière Eric , Dorbes Stéphane , Senocq François , Coronado Eugenio , Cassoux Patrick 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation (X‐ray structure and magnetism) of metal complexes (Ni, Au) with the [Mn(Cp*)2]+ cation and the dmit2− and dmid2− ligands are reported. [Mn(Cp*)2][Ni(dmit)2] (1) and [Mn(Cp*)2][Au(dmit)2] (2) exhibit the same structural arrangement, built on stacks of [Ni(dmit)2]− pairs separated by two [Mn(Cp*)2]+ cations, showing a ···D+D+A−A−D+D+A−A−··· motif. On the contrary, the dmid2− derivative [Mn(Cp*)2][Ni(dmid)2]·CH3CN (3) exhibits a totally different structure, built on mixed layers composed of one [Ni(dmid)2]− unit separated by two [Mn(Cp*)2]+ cations, showing a ···D+D+A−D+D+A−···motif. The layers are separated from each other by perpendicular [Ni(dmid)2]− units and solvent molecules. Compound 2 exhibits antiferromagnetic interactions, whereas 1 and 3 exhibit ferromagnetic interactions at low temperature. Moreover, as confirmed by AC and DC magnetic susceptibility measurements, 1 is a ferrimagnet, the first ever derived from a 1,2‐bis‐dithiolene ligand. The ferromagnetic interactions in 1 and 3 are explained using the McConnell I mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
General equilibrium pricing of nonredundant forward contracts
Authors: Lioui Abraham , Poncet Patrice 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe derive the general equilibrium of a dynamic financial market in which the investors' opportunity set
includes nonredundant forward contracts. We show that Breeden's (1979) consumption‐based
CAPM equation for forward contracts contains an extra term relative to that for cash assets. We name this term a
strategy risk premium. It compensates investors for the (systematic) risk that stems from their very
portfolio strategies when the latter involve nonredundant forward contracts. We also show that Merton's
(1973) multibeta intertemporal CAPM must be amended for forward contracts to exhibit
adjusted risk premia for the market portfolio and all relevant state variables, as opposed to
the usual risk premia for cash assets. Our results are shown not to depend on the usual
cash‐and‐carry relationship, which, in general, does not hold. We, nevertheless, provide a
well‐known special case where it does hold, albeit not grounded on the usual no‐arbitrage
argument. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:817–840, 2003
An examination of the effectiveness of static hedging in the presence of stochastic volatility
Authors: Fink Jason 
Published: July 2003

AbstractToft and Xuan (1998) use simulation evidence to demonstrate that the static hedging method of Derman
et al. (1995) performs inadequately when volatility is stochastic. Particularly, the greater the
“volatility of volatility,” the poorer the static hedge. This article presents an alternative static
hedging methodology, denoted the generalized static hedge, that appears to perform more reliably. Specifically,
the value, delta, and vega of the static hedges closely approximate those values of the barrier option being
hedged. Further, simulation evidence indicates that when volatility of volatility is large, the standard
deviation of simulated cash flows from the generalized static hedge position is less than the standard deviation
of simulated cash flows from previously defined static hedge positions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl
Fut Mark 23:859–890, 2003
The effect of spot and futures trading on stock index market volatility: A nonparametric approach
Authors: Illueca M. , Lafuente J. A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis article provides empirical evidence on the intraday relation between
spot volatility and trading volume in the Spanish stock index futures
market. GARCH methodology is used to estimate spot volatility. We analyze
the potential relation between spot and futures trading volume and
spot volatility by estimating the corresponding conditional density functions
as proposed in Quah (1997). Our results reveal no significant link
between those variables. Similar findings arise when expected and unexpected
volume is considered. Our results suggest that derivative market is
not a force behind episodes of significant spot jump volatility. © 2003
Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:841–858, 2003
Voidable preference reform: a New Zealand perspective on shifting standards and goalposts
Authors: Telfer Thomas G. W. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWhile there is consensus that some form of avoiding power is required in the context of a bankruptcy or company liquidation, there is little agreement on the means to implement a voidable preference regime. The New Zealand experience of the past eight years illustrates the inherent difficulties in designing a workable voidable preference regime. The New Zealand Companies Act 1993 replaced the debtor's intention with a test premised on the overall effect of the transaction with an exception for transactions in the ordinary course of business. The ordinary course of business exception became the most litigated and controversial aspect of the 1993 reforms and recently the government has announced its intention to abandon the ordinary course safe harbour in the pending round of insolvency reform. The paper examines the origins of the 1993 reforms and offers an explanation for the failure of the effects based regime. The New Zealand regime placed too much power in the hands of the liquidator with the result that creditors bore the cost and burden of justifying why the transaction should be saved. Although Parliament enacted the effects based regime with a view to promoting better equality of treatment amongst creditors the regime failed because it achieved too much equality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of the oestrous cycle of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) assessed by progesterone profiles
Authors: Garcia Andres Jose , Landete‐Castillejos Tomas , Gomez‐Brunet Amelia , Garde Jose Julian , Gallego Laureano 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis study examines the length of the oestrous cycle in 16 Iberian red deer females assessed by means of changes in progesterone concentrations, along with the changes in the profile of this hormone. Samples were collected three occasions per week from the week after calving (15 May to 15 June) up to May of the following year. The oestrous cycle lasted 19.57±0.29 days (range 10–27 d) calculated in 130 oestrous cycles examined. Progesterone titres did not rise above 0.5 ng/ml in the follicular phase, except in four samples. The maximum peak in progesterone concentration during the luteal phase remained above 1 ng/ml in most cases. Twenty‐five percent of the individuals studied (4 out of 16) showed an oestrous cycle lasting shorter than the mean (15.2±0.30 days) before the start of the reproductive season, followed by a period of sexual inactivity. The standard progesterone profile in natural oestrous cycles rose from basal levels to those above 0.5 ng/ml four days after onset of oestrus, reached a peak of 1.71±0.07 ng/ml and then declined to less than 0.2 ng/ml after day 20. Following the rapid decline of progesterone after day 14, the concentration remained around the baseline level of 0.1 to 0.2 ng/ml during the immediate pre‐ and post‐ovulatory phase of the cycle. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:143–149, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chloride cell responses to ion challenge in two tropical freshwater fish, the erythrinids Hoplias Malabaricus and Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus
Authors: Moron Sandro Estevan , Oba Eliane Tie , De Andrade Cássio Arilson , Fernandes Marisa Narciso 
Published: July 2003

AbstractChloride cell (CC) responses to ion challenge and plasma ion concentration were evaluated in two ecologically distinct erythrinids, Hoplias malabaricus, an exclusively water‐breathing species, and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, a facultative air‐breathing fish, at one, two, seven, and 15 days of exposure to deionized water and to ion‐rich water. H. malabaricus displayed high CC proliferation on filament and lamellar epithelium during exposure to deionized water and significant CC proliferation in the filament epithelium on the first day of exposure to water rich in NaCl and Ca2+ and in the lamellar epithelium on the first, second, and seventh day of exposure to such water. CC proliferation in H. unitaeniatus occurred only in the lamellar epithelium of fish exposed to deionized water. CC proliferation on both species was not accompanied by significant increase of CC density in contact with the external medium. The increase in the CC fractional area (CCFA) resulted from the increase of individual CC apical surface area on the first and second days of exposure to deionized water in H. malabaricus and only on the first day in H. unitaeniatus. Plasma ions in both erythrinid species showed transitory changes and, on the fifteenth day of exposure to the two types of experimental water, the plasma ion concentration was similar to the control fish. The CC responses of these erythrinid fish showed that CC proliferation depends on previous CC density in the gill and is not related solely to exposure to ion‐poor water. Furthermore, CC proliferation in gill epithelium did not always involve an increase of CC density in contact with the external medium. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:93–104, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcitonin‐like immunoreactivity in serum and tissues of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo
Authors: Nichols Stephanie , Gelsleichter James , Manire Charles A. , Cailliet Gregor M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractCalcitonin is a 32‐amino acid peptide hormone that is best known for its actions in maintaining skeletal integrity and calcium homeostasis in mammals. Calcitonin also appears to function in regulating certain aspects of animal reproduction, but the nature of this role remains unclear, particularly in nonmammalian vertebrates. The present study investigated the relationship between calcitonin and reproduction in the bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), a well‐studied member of the oldest living vertebrate group (i.e. elasmobranchs) known to possess a calcitonin‐producing organ. Serum calcitonin concentrations were measured in 28 reproductively mature female S. tiburo using a heterologous enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Sites of calcitonin immunoreactivity were detected in tissues of mature female and embryonic S. tiburo using immunocytochemistry. Significant increases in serum calcitonin concentrations of mature female S. tiburo occurred during early stages of gestation, a period characterized by yolk‐dependency of developing embryos. Immunoreactive calcitonin was detected in the duodenum and pancreas of embryonic S. tiburo sampled during the same period. The results from this study suggest that calcitonin obtained from endogenous and/or maternal sources may function in regulating yolk digestion in embryonic S. tiburo. Therefore, the association between calcitonin and reproduction in elasmobranchs may reflect an important role for this hormone in embryonic development. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:150–161, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative characteristic of Mytilus muscle cells developed in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Plotnikov Serguei V. , Karpenko Alexander A. , Odintsova Nelly A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe mussel cells from premyogenic larval stages are capable of differentiation into smooth muscle cells in vitro. However, the behavior and protein composition of these cells are not completely identical to those of smooth muscle cells of adult mussels. In this study we compared some properties of mussel muscle cells forming from cells of trochophore (premyogenic larval stage) in vitro with those of muscle cells of veliger and adult mussel. We found a substantial difference between the contractile apparatus protein composition of veliger muscle and cultivated cells. Myorod, one of the molecular markers of the phenotype of mollusc smooth muscle cells (Shelud'ko et al., 1999, Comp Biochem Physiol 122:277–285), is not a constituent of the contractile apparatus of veliger muscle. At the same time the protein composition of contractile apparatus in cultivated cells was similar to that of adult Mytilus muscles. There were only few quantitative differences between them. The contractile activity of cultivated cells was changing in time. The kinetic parameters of first spontaneous contractions were similar to those of phasic contractions, while their period was close to that of tonic contractions. After 50–55 hrs cultivation the cells produced both phasic and tonic contractions, but the character of contractile activity of cultivated cells was regulated after six days of cultivation only. However, there were no muscle cells in vitro, whose contractile activity was similar to that of veliger muscle cells. So, we concluded that properties of muscle cells forming from premyogenic larval mussel cells in culture are similar to those of muscle cells of the adult mussel, but not of veliger. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:77–85, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Farnesyl pyrophosphate promotes and is essential for the binding of RACK1 With β‐tubulin
Authors: Huang Chein‐Fuang , Fan Jun‐Huei , Chuang Nin‐Nin 
Published: July 2003

AbstractReceptors for activated C kinase (RACKs) are a group of protein kinase C (PKC) binding proteins that have been shown to be crucial in the translocation and subsequent functioning of PKC on activation. RACK1 isolated from BALB/3T3 cells transformed with S‐ras(Q61K) exhibits receptor activity for PKCγ as competent as that of RACK1 from BALB/3T3 cells without transformation. However, the ability of RACK1 from transformed cells to bind with β‐tubulin peptide specific for Taxol (PEPtaxol) is defective. Interestingly, when farnesyl pyrophosphate was added at the submicrogram level, the association between RACK1 and PEPtaxol was enhanced significantly in a dosage‐dependent manner. A parallel finding for the enhanced effect of farnesyl pyrophosphate on tubulin binding was established with mice RACK1 expressed in vitro. On the other hand, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, and retinoic acid failed to modulate the binding between RACK1 and tubulin. The dissociation of RACK1 and tubulin was not effective at damaging the binding between RACK1 and membrane receptor integrin β1 in transformed cells. These findings indicate that depletion of farnesyl pyrophosphate provides a mechanism to seal PKC signaling on the membrane with immobile RACK1 and to divert cells to aberrant growth, such as transformation. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:119–127, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.