bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COAGULATION, FIBRINOLYSIS AND PLATELET FUNCTION IN PRE‐ECLAMPSIA, ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION AND PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Howie P. W. , Prentice C. R. M. , McNicol G.P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTests of coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet function were performed in patients with normal pregnancy, severe pre‐eclampsia, mild pre‐eclampsia, essential hypertension and placental insufficiency.Compared with normal pregnancy, severe pre‐eclampsia was associated with higher serum and urinary fibrinolytic degradation products, cryofibrinogen and factor VIII levels, lower plasminogen and antithrombin activity and diminished sensitivity to urokinase‐induced fibrinolysis. In addition severely pre‐eclamptic patients had reduced platelet counts, lower response to adenosine diphosphate platelet aggregation and diminished platelet factor 3 activity. These changes were present before delivery and in the immediate puerperium, but six weeks after delivery the only difference detected between severely pre‐eclamptic and normal patients was reduced platelet disaggregation in the severely pre‐eclamptic group. In mild pre‐eclampsia the changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis were less marked but serum fibrinolytic degradation products, cryofibrinogen, factor VIII and V levels were significantly raised and the platelet count reduced.No abnormalities of coagulation, fibrinolysis or platelet function were detected in essential hypertension. In placental insufficiency there was diminished platelet disaggregation before delivery but all other tests of coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet function were similar to normal pregnancy.These results support the hypothesis that intravascular coagulation is present in pre‐eclampsia.
FAILED INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: MacVicar John 
Published: August 2005

Summary3,359 women who had labour induced by amniotomy were reviewed and if the patient required to be delivered by Caesarean section the reasons for failure of vaginal delivery were assessed. The indications for Caesarean section were many and varied, but the most common factor was a failure of the uterus to act properly, although other indications were frequently present. In almost 2 per cent of patients induced, Caesarean section was required for defective uterine activity alone.
PRENATAL CYTOLOGICAL RECOGNITION OF SEX‐LINKED AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES*
Authors: Polani Paul E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNuclear‐sexing techniques for Barr‐body and Y‐chromosome identification can help with direct guidance to parents who cannot accept the risk of a male child seriously affected by an incurable sex‐linked disorder resulting from a mutant gene, of which the mother is a carrier. Diagnosis of sex by a study of the amniotic cells, though relatively simple, is nevertheless a specialized technique. It can be carried out at about 16–18 weeks of pregnancy.Culture of cells for chromosome preparation is a skilled procedure. In favourable circumstances, some 80 to 90 per cent success can be obtained after a culture time of two to three weeks. Sufficient numbers of viable cells can generally be obtained if amniocentesis is carried out at 13 to 16 weeks. The procedure is useful for prenatal diagnosis when termination is agreed upon because of the high risk, which translocation or interchange carriers or chromosome‐mosaic parents may have, of producing chromosomally unbalanced children.
ANTIBODIES TO TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 HERPES VIRUS IN WOMEN WITH ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY
Authors: Skinner Gordon R. B. , Thouless Margaret E. , Jordan Joseph A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe sera of 335 women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology have been tested for neutralizing antibodies to type 1 and type 2 herpes virus. There were no significant differences between the mean k‐values of any of the groups of patients against type 1 herpes virus. With type 2 virus, patients with histological evidence of cervical disease had significantly higher mean k‐values than both the control gynaecological group and the control group of patients with genital carcinoma of other sites. This difference was independent of age and socio‐economic class. For patients with carcinoma in situ some preliminary evidence is presented suggesting that surgical conization of cervix results in a decline in type 2 herpes virus neutralizing antibody activity.
GONADAL MALIGNANCY IN XY FEMALES
Authors: Dewhurst C. J. , Ferreira H. P. , Gillett P. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis paper considers malignant testicular tumour formation in 76 phenotypic female patients possessing a Y chromosome. Forty‐four patients were considered to belong to the syndrome of androgen insensitivity; 22 belonged to the syndrome of partial androgen insensitivity and 10 to the syndrome of testicular failure. No case of gonadal malignancy was found in the 44 patients with androgen insensitivity and one case of malignancy was found in the 22 with partial androgen insensitivity. Two cases of malignancy occurred in the ten patients with testicular failure. The relevance of these facts to the management of the problem of the female with a Y chromosome is discussed.
A SEARCH FOR TRIPLE X FEMALES IN A FERTILE POPULATION
Authors: Lucas Mary , Dewhurst C. J. , Hurley Rosalinde , Anderson Sheila , Blunt Susan 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBuccal smears of 3536 puerperal women have been examined and one example of 47 XXX karyotype found in this fertile population. One other triple X female was found during the pilot survey of 100 women. Four males with the karyotype 47 XXY were found among 1811 newborn males. No sex chromosome abnormality was detected in 1678 newborn females.
GAS‐LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH HIGH RESOLUTION GLASS CAPILLARY COLUMNS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF URINARY STEROIDS
Authors: Ros Adriano , Sommerville Ian F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGlass capillary columns coated with OV 101 have been used for gas‐liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of 27 neutral steroids in urine. Results in normal subjects and examples of the application of the method in the study of adrenal and ovarian function are presented.
PREGNANCY RESULTS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH CLOMIPHENE CITRATE
Authors: Murray Moira , Osmond‐Clarke F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree hundred and twenty‐eight infertile women were selected for treatment with clomiphene citrate because the sole cause of their infertility was absent or infrequent ovulation; this was induced in 66.4 per cent with an overall pregnancy rate of 52 per cent.Six types of cytological response to clomiphene are described together with the effect on cervical mucus. Improved results were obtained by a more careful selection of patients and with greater use of combined therapy with human chorionic gonadotrophin, when the ovulatory response rose to 74 per cent with pregnancy rate of 63 per cent.
COLLOID (MUCUS SECRETING) CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Lewis T. L. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFrom 1944 to 1965, 1,274 primary carcinomas of the cervix were treated at the Chelsea Hospital for Women (Blaikley et al., 1969). Eighty‐four (6.1 per cent) were adenocarcinomas. There were only three growths in which mucus secretion was so abundant as to merit the description colloid. Apart from providing evidence of their endocervical origin these tumours present special difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Vaginal bleeding is a late symptom and due to the delay in diagnosis prognosis is poor.
LUNG FUNCTION AT BIRTH IN BABIES DEVELOPING RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
Authors: Hey Edmund , Hull David 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGaseous exchange and total compliance of the chest wall and lung were measured during and after positive pressure ventilation in infants requiring resuscitation at birth. Thirteen infants later developed fatal idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and had hyaline membranes in their lungs at autopsy, Respiratory function in these infants was compared with that observed in 12 infants of short gestation who also required resuscitation at birth but who did not subsequently develop respiratory distress. Pathological changes appeared to be present at the time of delivery in the lungs of at least 9 of the 13 infants who died with hyaline membrane disease; the lungs and chest were abnormally stiff and the lungs did not appear to form a residual volume during resuscitation.These results are compared with the findings in a small group of infants who developed respiratory difficulty after birth because of lung hypoplasia (2 cases), massive aspiration during delivery (3 cases), and intracranial haemorrhage (4 cases).
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BABY WEIGHT AND CHANGES IN MATERNAL WEIGHT, TOTAL BODY WATER, PLASMA VOLUME, ELECTROLYTES AND PROTEINS AND URINARY OESTRIOL EXCRETION
Authors: Duffus Gillian M. , MacGillivray Ian , Dennis K. John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma volume, total body water, plasma protein concentration, serum sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations and urinary oestriol excretion were estimated at approximately 30, 34 and 38 weeks gestation in 20 primigravidae with high weight gain (0.64 kg. per week), 13 with normal weight gain (0.36–0.54 kg. per week) and 20 with low weight gain (0.27 kg. per week or less). The women with large plasma volumes and total body water volumes produced large babies. The greater the intravascular protein mass the greater was the weight of the baby. Neither urinary oestriol nor serum electrolyte levels were related to either maternal weight gain or weight of the baby. The higher the weight gain the greater was the total body water volume, the plasma volume and the incidence of oedema.
THE VALUE OF LEUCOCYTE EXCRETION RATES IN DETERMINING “AT RISK” PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC BACILLURIA
Authors: Wren Barry G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWomen with asymptomatic bacilluria in pregnancy were investigated for the presence of elevated urinary white cell excretion rates. One hundred and twenty‐five women were observed throughout pregnancy with monthly recordings of their urinary leucocyte values; 64 were treated with chemotherapeutic agents and 61 were not treated.Women with asymptomatic bacilluria had a higher incidence of small babies than women who had their bacteria eliminated by chemotherapy. When the leucocyte rate was elevated above 8 × 105 per hour during the last four weeks of gestation the incidence of prematurity rose to 21 per cent, and the perinatal mortality to 8 per cent. Of the 61 women who were not treated when bacilluria was present, 39 (64 per cent) had elevated levels of white cells in urine and these were found to be the women at risk during pregnancy.If four chemotherapeutic agents were given in a continuous rotation throughout pregnancy the organisms were eliminated from urine and the leucocyte excretion rate and the fetal morbidity were reduced.
TWO CASES OF HYDATIDIFORM DEGENERATION OF THE PLACENTA WITH FETAL ABNORMALITY AND TRIPLOID CHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION
Authors: Paterson W. G. , Hobson B. M. , Smart G. E. , Bain A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTriploidy is a fairly common cause of abortion in the first trimester. It is uncommon for such a pregnancy to continue beyond this time. Two cases of triploidy with hydatidiform degeneration of the placenta and fetal abnormality where the pregnancies continued to 29 and 25 weeks are reported. The concentration of HCG in these abnormal placentae was high and the patients excreted larger than normal amounts of it. Severe pre‐eclampsia and anaemia occurred. Other cases in the literature are reviewed.
MITOTIC RESPONSE TO PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ STIMULATION OF HUMAN CORD BLOOD
Authors: Bishun N. , Mills J. , Williams D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBlood cultures were utilized to assess the mitotic response of newborn cord blood to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation by both micro‐ and macromethods. A significantly higher response was obtained in the newborn cord blood than in venous blood of a proportionate number of mothers. The significance of this enhanced response is discussed.
ACTINOMYCIN D IN THE TREATMENT OF METHOTREXATE‐RESISTANT MALIGNANT TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOURS
Authors: Ma H. K. , Yip S. K. , Chun Daphne 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA series of 18 patients with methotrexate‐resistant trophoblastic tumours were treated with actinomycin D at the Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, over a period of three years. Complete remission was attained with ten patients and eight died of the disease. The tumour response was better in patients with low gonadotrophin levels and was unaffected by the addition of 6‐mercaptopurine to the methotrexate. The prognosis was poor when the primary chemotherapy had been used for too long, or when certain organs or multiple sites were involved. Thus, of the nine patients who had received the primary chemotherapy for a period of only 6 to 12 weeks, seven went into complete remission; whereas, of the other nine patients who had received it for more than 12 weeks, only three went into complete remission. All patients with involvement of the brain or kidney or multiple sites died of the disease. Therefore the primary chemotherapy should be discontinued when continuous response is not observed during the first 6 to 12 weeks treatment. It is essential to make an early diagnosis of the resistant tumour which, however, depends chiefly on the availability of accurate gonadotrophin assays.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CERVICAL MUCUS
Authors: Elstein Max , Mitchell R. F. , Syrett J. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe electron microscopy of cervical mucus in different endocrine states was studied.At midcycle there was a tendency for the mucus to condense into globules which were linked together like strings of varying sized beads. At times of progestational influence the organic material tended to arrange itself into an interlacing meshwork of filaments. These findings support Odeblad's concept (1968) of the orientation of cervical mucus, except that at midcycle the micelles comprise of globules rather than fibrils.
POSTPARTUM BROAD LIGAMENT HAEMATOMAS
Authors: Fliegner John R. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe clinical findings and management of 39 patients with large postpartum broad ligament haematomas are described. Eighteen cases occurred immediately after delivery, lower abdominal pain, collapse and signs of internal haemorrhage being constant features. In 21 patients the haematoma formation was delayed, and in these anaemia, pyrexia and secondary postpartum heamorrhage were common modes of presentation.Twenty‐six patients were treated by blood transfusion and chemotherapy, 5 had the uterus and vagina packed, and 8 patients were treated by abdominal hysterectomy. There was one maternal death.A review of the literature and divergent views about the management is presented.
HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPIN IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Spencer T.S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe serum concentration of Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS) during the third trimester of pregnancy has been measured in 230 patients using a solid phase radioimmunoassay technique. The range of levels for normal pregnancy was found to be wide, and no clinical significance could be attributed to a fall in HCS concentration to 50 per cent of its initial value. The measurement of HCS concentration gives some indication of placental function, but hasnot helped in the clinical management of abnormal pregnancies.
THE EFFECT OF ETHYL ALCOHOL ON PROSTAGLANDINS E2 AND F2α INDUCED UTERINE ACTIVITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Sharma S. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIntravenous infusion of 500 ml. of 10 per cent ethanol per hour for one hour inhibited uterine activity initiated and maintained by an infusion of either prostaglandin E2 or prostaglandin F2α.This study was carried out in seven women with intrauterine death of the fetus in the third trimester of pregnancy and in four women in whom therapeutic termination of pregnancy in the second trimester was planned. The significance of these findings in relation to the physiological role of prostaglandins in parturition is discussed.
BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS WITH ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE
Authors: Goldman Jack A. , Eckerling Benjamin , Zukerman Zwi , Mannheimer S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of a progesterone‐type oral contraceptive drug were evaluated by means of changes of blood glucose and plasma insulin levels during a 2‐hour arginine‐stimulation test. Small doses of ethynodiol diacetate (0.35 mg.), when used for 3 months, produced no consistent changes in mean fasting blood glucose and mean blood glucose concentrations, or in the mean fasting plasma insulin and mean plasma insulin concentrations.
THE OVARIAN RESPONSE TO GONADOTROPHINS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF AN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE
Authors: Pujol‐Amat P. , Urgell‐Roca J. M. , Márquez‐Ramirez M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryForty normal women were treated in one or more cycles with ethynodiol diacetate and mestranol. In the last cycle of treatment gonadotrophins were administered. The ovulatory response was assessed by inspection of the ovaries at laparotomy for corpus luteum formation. The results seem to indicate that the oral contraceptive has little or no direct effect on the ovaries and that they act by inhibiting gonadotrophin secretion.
AMNIOTOMY, WITH OR WITHOUT SIMULTANEOUS OXYTOCTN INFUSION
Authors: Patterson W.M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results of induction of labour by amniotomy with simultaneous commencement of dilute oxytocin infusion have been compared with those using amniotomy alone. The shorter induction delivery interval in the former group was associated with a decreased incidence of (1) maternal acidosis, (2) operative delivery, (3) genital tract infection, and (4) low Apgar scores.Less analgesia was required when simultaneous oxytocin was used. There was an increased incidence of hypertension in labour in those with hypertension prior to induction if oxytocin was infused.
LIQUOR VOLUME BY DIRECT SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF INJECTED PAH*
Authors: Thompson W. , Lappin T. R. J. , Elder G. Elizabeth 
Published: August 2005

SummarySodium aminohippurate (PAH) has largely replaced dyes in dilution techniques for estimating the volume of amniotic fluid. Until recently this method depended on a diazo reaction for the determination of PAH concentration. A simple and more rapid method, depending upon spectrophotometric measurement of the absorption peak of PAH at 272 nm, is now presented. At this wavelength the calibration graph of extinction against concentration of PAH is linear under the conditions described. To eliminate interference from protein absorption a pre‐injection liquor sample is used for the preparation of a blank and a series of standards. All samples are measured at a concentration where solvent cut‐off effects are minimized. Comparison of the results of the direct and the diazo methods showed good agreement.
ANTIBODIES TO GAMMA GLOBULIN IN PREGNANT WOMEN: INCIDENCE, AETIOLOGY AND SIZE
Authors: McKay E. , Thom H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAntiglobulins detectable at a titre of 1 in 8 were found in 8.1 per cent of 1457 pregnant women. In 4.1 per cent of the women the antiglobulins were specific for genetic factors Gm 1, 2, 5 or Inv 1 while in the remainder they were non‐specific or of undetermined specificity.The molecular size of a proportion of the antiglobulins was assessed by 2‐mercapto‐ethanol reduction, Sephadex G200 gel filtration or by the presence or absence of the antibody in umbilical cord blood. Most of the antiglobulins examined were of 19S type but a few specific antibodies appeared to be 7S or intermediate sized.In 31 cases with specific antiglobulins, phenotyping of three generations suggested that most of the women had been sensitized by maternal gamma globulin in utero while two women had probably been sensitized by their fetuses.The Gm and Inv phenotypes of mother and infant at birth were compared in 92 pairs and showed complete agreement.Antiglobulins were found in 3 of 6 infants aged six months who could have formed antibodies against a maternal Gm or Inv factor.
THE MICROVASCULATURE OF COMMON UTERINE ABNORMALITIES, OTHER THAN FIBROIDS
Authors: Beilby J. O. W. , Farrer‐Brown Geoffrey , Tarbit M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA detailed study of the arterial and venous patterns in human uteri with endometrial hyperplasia, adenomyosis and polypi by using an injection technique coupled with microradiography and histology is described and the possible causes of abnormal haemorrhage in these conditions are discussed.
CEPHALHAEMATOMA FOLLOWING VACUUM EXTRACTION
Authors: Fahmy Kamal 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe factors that may predispose to cephalhaematoma after vacuum extraction have been studied. Statistically significant factors include high position of the fetal head, slipping of the cup, a large baby, and traction for more than 10 minutes. Cephalhaematoma after vacuum extraction may be of the classical subperiosteal type, or of the more diffuse subaponeurotic type. Cephalhaematoma appears to be a relatively harmless lesion that can be minimized by care and experience with the vacuum extractor.
THE UNDERWEIGHT JAMAICAN PARTURIENT
Authors: Roopnarinesingh Syam , Morris David , Chang Elizabeth 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe reproductive efficiency of 146 underweight mothers has been compared with that of a control group of 146 women weighing more than 100 pounds (45.4 kg.) at booking. All patients were of similar ethnic and social background. The main hazards to the underweight parturient were anaemia and prematurity. Pre‐eclampsia was uncommon. The mean birthweight in the underweight group was less than in the control group, and a good correlation between maternal size and birth‐weight was established.
DIURNAL BLOOD‐PRESSURE VARIATION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Seligman S. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBlood‐pressure variation throughout the 24 hours has been measured in pregnancy using an automatic cuff type recorder. There is a fall during sleep, the lowest systolic pressures being half the highest during the waking period. This is the same pattern as in the non‐pregnant.A similar pattern exists when pregnancy is accompanied by chronic hypertension, the fall in blood‐pressure being much greater in absolute terms.In pre‐eclampsia the degree of the fall in blood‐pressure during sleep is reduced.
MATERNAL METABOLIC RESPONSE TO TWIN PREGNANCY IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE
Authors: MacGillivray Ian , Campbell Doris , Duffus Gillian M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn normal primigravid twin pregnancies the plasma volume and red cell volume are greater than in singleton pregnancies; the total protein concentration is lower but the intravascular protein mass is the same; urinary oestriol excretion is higher. The body weight is greater but the total body water is the same, suggesting that there is more fat storage in twin pregnancies. There is no difference in serum sodium, potassium, chloride, non‐protein nitrogen or osmolality between singleton and twin pregnancies.
A RAPID SEMI‐AUTOMATED METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN CHORTONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN. THE NORMAL RANGE IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER AND ITS RELATION TO FETAL WEIGHT
Authors: Letchworth A. T. , Boardman R. J. , Bristow Christine , Landon J. , Chard T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA rapid semi‐automated radioimmunoassay for human chorionic somatomam‐motrophin has been developed, based on the use of the Analmatic preparation unit and centrifuge. Several hundred samples can be assayed in a working week and the accuracy with which the individual reactants are added is at least as good as that which can be attained manually. The ease with which large numbers of samples can be assayed has facilitated the introduction of extensive quality controls. Within‐assay precision is excellent, but between‐assay precision is less satisfactory, due to undefined variations between different preparations of labelled hormone. The range of plasma levels of human chorionic somatomammotrophin in the third trimester of pregnancy has been established in 100 normal subjects. A relationship was found between mean circulating levels of the peptide and fetal weight.