bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical status of COVID-19 vaccinated pregnant women: an observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Hasina , Yasmin Shamima , Nahar Kamrun 
Published: October 2023

Background: Pregnancy is a special but often stressful time. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this stress. Clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant and lactating women, leading to WHO approval. Consequently, the Bangladesh Government has initiated a vaccination campaign for all expectant mothers to protect them from COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the clinical status of COVID-19-vaccinated pregnant women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka Cantonment, Bangladesh, spanning August to November 2021. The study included 50 pregnant women who had received COVID-19 vaccinations, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis and dissemination were performed using MS Office tools.
Results: The study found that the average age was 19.2±10.8 years, with 66% falling into the 25-35 age group. About 50% had a normal BMI, while 22% were overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 Kg/m2). Hypertension and diabetes were present in 16% and 12% of cases, respectively. Among the 50 pregnant women, 40% were nulliparous, and 60% were multiparous; in most of the cases (54%), multigravidity (1-5) was found. Vaccination distribution was 28% in the 1st trimester, 54% in the 2nd, and 18% in the 3rd trimester.
Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination rates are notably higher among pregnant women aged 25-35. The frequency of normal BMI among COVID-19-vaccinated pregnant women is satisfactory. Most pregnant women opt for COVID-19 vaccination during their second trimester.
Prediction of preterm premature membrane rupture by the platelet-lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Sultana Nargis , Karim Farha , Rahman Mohammad Khalilur 
Published: October 2023

Background: Premature rupture of membranes is a significant obstetric problem. Evaluating platelet -lymphocyte ratio is expected to illuminate the potential scope of early prediction of PPROM. This study showed that PLR could be a new inflammatory marker for diagnosing preterm PROM.
Methods: The study place was the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from May 2019 to October 2019.
Results: It was a case-control study. All mothers were selected by purposive sampling who were PPROM as cases. Age-matched non-PPROM pregnant women at term were also enrolled as control. Afterward, they were scrutinized according to eligibility criteria, and 200 mothers were enrolled. Among them, 100 were cases, and the other 100 were in control. A pre-tested, observation-based, peer-reviewed data collection sheet was prepared before the study. Data regarding clinical, biochemical, and surgical profiles were recorded. Data were compiled, edited, and analyzed. The P-value was determined by the chi-square test (categorical variables) and the student’s t-test (continuous variables). The p-value was significant at <0.05.
Conclusions: The mean age of 100 patients from the case was 24.39±2.81 (age range: 18-36) years, and that of the control, like 100 normal pregnant women, was 24.31±2.34 (age range: 19-35) (p=0.49). The mean parity of case and control were 2.1±0.9 (range: 0-5) and 1.98±0.2 (range: 0-3). The mean gravida of case and control were (3.1±1.2 vs. 3.4±1.4). Platelet count was found to be significantly higher in preterm PROM group (case) than control (241.6±58.7×1000/mm³ vs. 201.7±65.9 ×1000/mm³), p value is <0.001 which is statistically significant. So, PLR might be an excellent inflammatory biomarker to predict preterm PROM.
The gastrointestinal breach: understanding enterocutaneous fistula
Authors: Joshi Rajeev M. , Soni Gagan , Khalife Asma , Ranvir Deepak , Telang Bhushan 
Published: October 2023

The term "fistula" usually refers to abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces and an enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is an abnormal communication between any part of gastrointestinal (GI) tract and skin and lined by epithelium or granulation tissue. Common causes include trauma during abdominal surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, infection, radiation etc. Sepsis and malnutrition are the leading causes of mortality. In cases of high-output fistula, it is essential to adequately replace the excessive fistula discharge. The patient's nutrition plays a crucial role in the successful management of ECFs. If the patient can tolerate oral or enteral feeding, it should be initiated promptly. However, if oral intake is not feasible, parenteral nutrition should be considered. Adequate wound care, including diligent skincare and timely drainage of localized abscesses, is necessary. Before conducting definitive investigations and initiating treatment, it is important to ensure proper resuscitation and stabilization of the patients. Surgical intervention should be approached in staged manner and should not be rushed to prevent failure in managing this complex condition. To conclude management of ECF is complicated and needs multidisciplinary approach. Initial focus for remedy is on treating fluid and electrolyte disturbances, comprehensive treatment of sepsis, management of fistula output, skin care and psychological support.
The use and abuse of artificial intelligence-enabled machine translation in the EFL classroom: An exploratory study
Authors: Alharbi Wael 
Published: October 2023

The integration of machine translation (MT) and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly enhanced the precision of MT systems producing translations that rival the quality of skilled human translators. This innovation has broadened the applicability of AI-enabled MT systems attracting users for a variety of purposes. This paper explores the following areas: the application of AI-enabled MT, specifically Google Translate (GT) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. Empirical findings and recent research indicate that students are increasingly reliant on MT particularly in higher educational settings where English is not their first language. The purpose of this research is to provide insight on the practices, beliefs and goals of EFL learners who use GT in the classroom. Data was gathered from 234 university students through a questionnaire along with pre- and post-tests to compare the quality of writing drafts created with and without the aid of GT. The findings are consistent with those of previous research conducted worldwide highlighting the immense potential of AI-enabled MT in not only boosting students' learning experiences but also cultivating more independent learners. The study also indicates that students have positive attitudes towards GT and employ diverse search strategies to address various language-related challenges.
How to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells into sensory neurons for disease modelling: a comparison of two protocols
Authors: Kalia Anil Kumar , Rösseler Corinna , Granja-Vazquez Rafael , Ahmad Ayesha , Pancrazio Joseph J. , Neureiter Anika , Zhang Mei , Sauter Daniel , Vetter Irina , Andersson Asa , Dussor Gregory , Price Theodore J. , Kolber Benedict J. , Truong Vincent , Walsh Patrick , Lampert Angelika 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived peripheral sensory neurons present a valuable tool to model human diseases and are a source for applications in drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Clinically, peripheral sensory neuropathies can result in maladies ranging from a complete loss of pain to severe painful neuropathic symptoms. Sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglion and are comprised of functionally diverse neuronal types. Low efficiency, reproducibility concerns, variations arising due to genetic factors and time needed to generate functionally mature neuronal populations from iPSCs for disease modelling remain key challenges to study human nociception in vitro. Here, we report a detailed characterization of iPSC-derived sensory neurons with an accelerated differentiation protocol (“Anatomic” protocol) compared to the most commonly used small molecule approach (“Chambers” protocol).
Methods
Multiple iPSC clones derived from different reprogramming methods, genetics, age, and somatic cell sources were used to generate sensory neurons. Expression profiling of sensory neurons was performed with Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Manual patch clamp and high throughput cellular screening systems (Fluorescence imaging plate reader, automated patch clamp and multi-well microelectrode arrays recordings) were applied to functionally characterize the generated sensory neurons.
Results
The Anatomic protocol rendered a purer culture without the use of mitomycin C to suppress non-neuronal outgrowth, while Chambers differentiations yielded a mix of cell types. High throughput systems confirmed functional expression of Na+ and K+ ion channels. Multi-well microelectrode recordings display spontaneously active neurons with sensitivity to increased temperature indicating expression of heat sensitive ion channels. Patient-derived nociceptors displayed higher frequency firing compared to control subject with both, Chambers and Anatomic differentiation approaches, underlining their potential use for clinical phenotyping as a disease-in-a-dish model.
Conclusions
We validated the efficiency of two differentiation protocols and their potential application for understanding the disease mechanisms from patients suffering from pain disorders. We propose that both differentiation methods can be further exploited for understanding mechanisms and development of novel treatments in pain disorders.
A Single-Center, Prospective, Pilot Cohort Study of Preoperative Abnormal Sleep Patterns and Postoperative Delirium in Older Hispanic/Latino Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery.
Authors: Mahanna-Gabrielli Elizabeth , Le Tiffany , Shrestha Chandrama , Le Jessica , Kitaigorodsky Marcela , II Michael Fabbro , Lamelas Joseph , Ramos Alberto R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Delirium occurs in 20–50% of older patients after cardiac surgery and is associated with prolonged intensive care and hospital length of stay, postoperative cognitive decline, and dementia. Preoperative abnormal sleep patterns are potentially modifiable risk factors that have been associated with an increased incidence of postoperative delirium. Hispanic/Latinos may be a particularly vulnerable population given their higher prevalence of risk factors for delirium including cognitive impairment, lower level of education, and sleep disturbances, as compared to non-Hispanic White adults. A largescale cohort study is needed to determine if altered sleep patterns increase the risk of delirium in older, Hispanic/Latino patients after cardiac surgery. The primary aims of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility of recruitment, retention, preoperative sleep actigraphy measurements, preoperative sleep questionnaire and cognitive batteries, and postoperative delirium testing.
Methods
We conducted a single-center, prospective, pilot cohort study of older Hispanic/Latino patients undergoing cardiac surgery with and without preoperative sleep disturbances and postoperative delirium from February 2020 to December 2021 at UHealth of the University of Miami, an academic tertiary center in Miami, FL. Patients underwent preoperative cognitive and sleep questionnaire testing and wore an actigraphy wristwatch with a sleep diary for 5 to 7 days prior to surgery. Postoperatively patients were tested for delirium for up to 7 days or hospital discharge. Feasibility of the study protocol was the primary objective of this pilot study.
Results
155 patients were screened, 40 met full inclusion criteria, and 14 patients were recruited. The mean age was 67.2 years old. Spanish was the preferred language in 21.4% of patients. Poor sleep quality was present in 78.5% of subjects. 57.1% of subjects experienced either delirium or subsyndromal delirium. Despite being conducted during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, our pilot trial met our a priori thresholds for specific feasibility criteria.
Conclusions
The protocol was feasible and a future, definitive prospective cohort study of older Hispanic/Latino patients undergoing cardiac surgery with and without preoperative altered sleep patterns and an outcome of postoperative delirium will be planned.
Trial registration:
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on March 8, 2021 (NCT04786899)
Identification the hub genes of immune cells related to heart failure by WGCNA
Authors: Lv Yuan , Chen Peipei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective To search the potential diagnostic markers of heart failure and analyze the correlation between them and immune cell infiltration by WGCNA.
Methods The expression matrices GSE57338 and GSE116250 related to heart failure were downloaded from the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in heart failure were screened by Limma package, and the WGCNA output module genes; the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate the type of immune cell infiltration in heart failure; The immune gene, module gene and differential gene were intersected to determine the intersection gene, and then GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed via the online website STRING and Cytascape software, and the hub genes were screened. Finally, R software was used to analyze the differential expression of the hub gene and its correlation with differential immune cells.
Results A total of 549 DEGs were obtained in this study, and the number of monocytes in patients with heart failure decreased; The intersection of monocyte-related genes with DEGs and module differential genes was determined to 117 intersection genes. The PPI network and algorithm analysis were constructed to obtain four hub genes (COL14A1, COL16A1, HTRA1 and SOS1). The levels of COL14A1, COL16A1 and HTRA1 increased in HF, which was negatively correlated with monocytes. The level of SOS1 decreased in HF, which was positively correlated with monocytes.
Conclusion Four hub genes (COL14A1, COL16A1, HTRA1 and SOS1) are associated with monocytes and can be used as diagnostic markers of heart failure, and immune cell infiltration plays an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure.
Eye signs as a novel risk predictor in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: lī jianbin , Xiong Jiangbiao , Liu Pengcheng , Peng Yilin , Cai Shuang , fang xia , Yu Shujiao , Zhao Jun , Wu Rui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the role of eye signs in predicting poor outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
Methods
This prospective observational study recruited the patients diagnosed with SLE-PAH from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2010 at the first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, while those with other potential causes of PAH were excluded. the evaluation of various parameters such as N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 6-minute walking distance(6MWD), World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC), echocardiography, and risk stratification based on the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Guidelines were conducted at intervals of every 1–3 months, and a 6-month follow-up period was observed. The primary outcome measure considered improvement if there was a decline in the risk stratification grade at the end point, and unimproved if there was no decline. Conjunctival microvasculation images were observed and recorded.
Results
A total of 29 SLE-PAH patients were enrolled, comprising 12 in the improved group and 17 in the non-improved group. ALL SLE-PAH show various manifestions in eye signs including vessel twisting, dilation, ischemic areas, hemorrhages, reticulum deformity, and wound spots. The non-improved group exhibited significantly lower vessel density (VD) and microvascular flow index (MFI) of conjuctival microvasculation images compared to the improved group. Correlation analysis revealed that VD displayed a negative correlation with the WHO-FC(r=-0.413, p = 0.026)and NT-proBNP (r=-0.472, p = 0.010), as well as a positive correlation with the 6MWD(r = 0.561, p = 0.002). Similarly, MFI exhibited a negative correlation with WHO-FC (r=-0.408, p = 0.028), and NT-proBNP (r=-0.472, p = 0.010), and a positive correlation with 6MWD (r = 0.157, p = 0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that VD (OR 10.11, 95% CI 1.95–52.36), MFI (OR 7.85, 95% CI 1.73–35.67), NT-proBNP, and 6MWD were influential factors in predicting the prognostic improvement of SLE-PAH patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that VD, MFI, 6MWD, and NT-proBNP (with respective ROC AUC values of 0.83, 0.83, 0.76, and 0.90) possessed a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 100%, as well as 83% and 100%, respectively. Regarding prognostic prediction, VD and MFI exhibited higher sensitivity compared to 6MWD, whereas MFI displayed higher sensitivity and specificity compared to NT-proBNP.
Conclusion
SLE-PAH can lead to various conjuctival microvascular manifestions in which vascular density and microvascular flow index can be used to assess the cardiopulmonary function and predict therapeutic efficacy and prognosis in SLE-PAH patients.
RETRACTED: Structure Change of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes Integrating with Carbon Nanotubes and Amphiphilic Surfactant Pluronic
Authors: Arahman Nasrul , Rosnelly Cut Meurah , Sari Widia Puspita , Sari Indah Maulana , Aulia Muhammad Prayogie , Haikal Rinal Diaul , Yusni Yusni , Ambarita Aulia Cintia , Mulyati Sri , Gunawan Poernomo , Koyuncu Ismail , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Selection Criteria for Public Transportation Priority Areas
Authors: Lin Liang-Tay , Su Jau-Ming , Chang Chien-Yen , Yeh Chao-Fu , Chen Chih-Wa , Chang Chih-Hung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of public transportation services is to protect the basic rights of the public to "access." In Taiwan, there is a low demand for public transportation in remote areas, non-metropolitan areas, and areas with insufficient public transportation. The implementation of generalized transportation improvement schemes cannot effectively solve local problems. The Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) has recently addressed this issue, but its definition of remote areas is based on content provided by the Ministry of the Interior and the coverage of public transportation services. In order to identify and analyze areas with inadequate public transportation services, this study reviews the definitions of remote areas in various ministries and abroad, analyzes transportation parameters, and examines the characteristics of remote areas. Bus stop information, population density, elderly population, and income serve as screening criteria to analyze rural areas throughout Taiwan and to propose a definition of "public transportation priority areas." This definition can be used as a reference for the MOTC and related planning agencies to adjust and improve public service resources.
Factors Affecting Surgical Research Collaboratives in Africa: a Meta-research Study
Authors: Kirengo Thomas Onyango , Dossajee Hussein , Onyango Evans Mbeka , Rachakonda Reema H. , Schneider Bailey , Sela Declan P. , Hosseinzadeh Zahra , Nadeem Zohaib , Obonyo Nchafatso G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: In December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for rapid collaboration, research, and interventions. International research collaborations foster more significant responses to rapid global changes by enabling international, multi-centre research, decreasing biases, and increasing study validity while reducing overall research time and costs. However, there has been low uptake of collaborative research by African institutions andindividuals.
Aim: To systematically review the critical success factors and challenges to collaborative surgical research studies conducted in Africa.
Methodology: A meta-research review using PubMed®/ MEDLINE and EMBASE on surgical collaboration in Africa from 1st of January 2011 to 31st of September 2021 per PRISMA guidelines. Fifty-five papers met the criteria for inclusion. In addition, data on the study period, geographical regions, and research scope, success factors, and challenges, were also e extracted from the studies retrieved from the search.
Results: Most of the collaborations in Africa occurred with European institutions (76%). Of the 54 African countries, 63% (34/54) participated in surgical collaborations. The highest frequencies of collaborations were occurring in South Africa (11%) and Nigeria (8%). However, the highest number of publications originated from Eastern Africa (43%). Leveraging synergies between high- and low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), well-defined structures and secure data platforms led to successful collaborations. However, the under-representation of collaborators from LMICs was a significant challenge.
Conclusion: Available literature provides critical insights into the successes and challenges of collaborative research in Africa. However, there is a need for a detailed qualitative study to explore further the themes highlighted.
Review protocol:
PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022352115 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022352115
Detecting potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Jia , Fei Bojian , Wang Chao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite previous research indicating a strong correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the exact causal relationship between these factors remains uncertain. Consequently, we conducted an extensive investigation utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the influence of GM on the susceptibility to developing GERD.
Method
This study utilized instrumental variables derived from 211 GM taxa obtained from the Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data. Subsequently, a MR study was conducted to evaluate the impact of GM on GERD, utilizing data from the IEU open GWAS summary data repository, which included 129,080 cases and 473,524 controls. The primary method employed to analyze causality in this study was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach, and a range of sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the reliability and consistency of the findings.
Results
The IVW method revealed a positive association between the class Mollicutes (OR: 1.0976, 95% CI: 1.0046–1.1992, p = 0.0393), genus Coprococcus2 (OR 1.0620, 95% CI: 1.0026–1.1248, p = 0.0405), and phylum Tenericutes (OR 1.0976, 95% CI: 1.0043–1.1996, p = 0.0400) with the risk of GERD. However, the weighted median method did not support genus Coprococcus2 (OR 1.0672, 95% CI: 0.9893–1.1512, p = 0.0928) as a risk factor for GERD. Sensitivity analyses further validated the reliability of the MR findings.
Conclusion
Our study contributes evidence to the close relationship between the GM and GERD. Future research should focus on developing microbiome-oriented therapeutic approaches for managing GERD.