bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interval Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Late Blight [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary], Height and Maturity in a Tetraploid Population of Potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum)
Authors: Bradshaw John E , Pande Barnaly , Bryan Glenn J , Hackett Christine A , McLean Karen , Stewart Helen E , Waugh Robbie 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Interval mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to late blight, height, and maturity was performed on a tetraploid full-sib family of potato comprising 227 clones from a cross between a susceptible parent, 12601ab1, and a resistant cultivar, Stirling, which were of similar height and main crop maturity. Thirty-eight AFLP primer combinations provided 585 informative markers, and 23 SSRs proved useful for identifying linkage groups (LGs). A simplex QTL allele was found on LGV of Stirling close to marker STM3179, which was associated with early maturity, short plants, and susceptibility to blight and explained 54.7, 26.5, 26.3, and 17.5% of the variation for maturity, height, tuber blight, and foliage blight. When the residuals from the regressions of foliage and tuber blight on maturity were analyzed, there was no significant effect of a QTL on LGV, but a duplex QTL allele for resistance was found on LGIV of Stirling, which explained 30.7 and 13.6% of the variation for foliage and tuber blight on an additive model. Partial dominance for resistance explained even more of the variation, up to 37.2% for foliage blight. A major gene for blight resistance in Stirling was also mapped to LGXI.
Mutations in the Drosophila Condensin Subunit dCAP-G
Authors: Dej Kimberley J , Ahn Caroline , Orr-Weaver Terry L 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Chromosomes are dynamic structures that are reorganized during the cell cycle to optimize them for distinct functions. SMC and non-SMC condensin proteins associate into complexes that have been implicated in the process of chromosome condensation. The roles of the individual non-SMC subunits of the complex are poorly understood, and mutations in the CAP-G subunit have not been described in metazoans. Here we elucidate a role for dCAP-G in chromosome condensation and cohesion in Drosophila. We illustrate the requirement of dCAP-G for condensation during prophase and prometaphase; however, we find that alternate mechanisms ensure that replicated chromosomes are condensed prior to metaphase. In contrast, dCAP-G is essential for chromosome condensation in metaphase of single, unreplicated sister chromatids, suggesting that there is an interplay between replicated chromatids and the condensin complex. In the dcap-g mutants, defects in sister-chromatid separation are also observed. Chromatid arms fail to resolve in prophase and are unable to separate at anaphase, whereas sister centromeres show aberrant separation in metaphase and successfully move to spindle poles at anaphase. We also identified a role for dCAP-G during interphase in regulating heterochromatic gene expression.
Construction and Evaluation of cDNA Libraries for Large-Scale Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Zhang D , Choi D W , Wanamaker S , Fenton R D , Chin A , Malatrasi M , Turuspekov Y , Walia H , Akhunov E D , Kianian P , Otto C , Simons K , Deal K R , Echenique V , Stamova B , Ross K , Butler G E , Strader L , Verhey S D , Johnson R , Altenbach S , Kothari K , Tanaka C , Shah M M , Laudencia-Chingcuanco D , Han P , Miller R E , Crossman C C , Chao S , Lazo G R , Klueva N , Gustafson J P , Kianian S F , Dubcovsky J , Walker-Simmons M K , Gill K S , Dvořák J , Anderson O D , Sorrells M E , McGuire P E , Qualset C O , Nguyen H T , Close T J 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
A total of 37 original cDNA libraries and 9 derivative libraries enriched for rare sequences were produced from Chinese Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), five other hexaploid wheat genotypes (Cheyenne, Brevor, TAM W101, BH1146, Butte 86), tetraploid durum wheat (T. turgidum L.), diploid wheat (T. monococcum L.), and two other diploid members of the grass tribe Triticeae (Aegilops speltoides Tausch and Secale cereale L.). The emphasis in the choice of plant materials for library construction was reproductive development subjected to environmental factors that ultimately affect grain quality and yield, but roots and other tissues were also included. Partial cDNA expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were examined by various measures to assess the quality of these libraries. All ESTs were processed to remove cloning system sequences and contaminants and then assembled using CAP3. Following these processing steps, this assembly yielded 101,107 sequences derived from 89,043 clones, which defined 16,740 contigs and 33,213 singletons, a total of 49,953 “unigenes.” Analysis of the distribution of these unigenes among the libraries led to the conclusion that the enrichment methods were effective in reducing the most abundant unigenes and to the observation that the most diverse libraries were from tissues exposed to environmental stresses including heat, drought, salinity, or low temperature.
Chromosome Bin Map of Expressed Sequence Tags in Homoeologous Group 1 of Hexaploid Wheat and Homoeology With Rice and Arabidopsis
Authors: Peng J H , Zadeh H , Lazo G R , Gustafson J P , Chao S , Anderson O D , Qi L L , Echalier B , Gill B S , Dilbirligi M , Sandhu D , Gill K S , Greene R A , Sorrells M E , Akhunov E D , Dvořák J , Linkiewicz A M , Dubcovsky J , Hossain K G , Kalavacharla V , Kianian S F , Mahmoud A A ,   Miftahudin, Conley E J , Anderson J A , Pathan M S , Nguyen H T , McGuire P E , Qualset C O , Lapitan N L V 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
A total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated 2212 EST loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). EST deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show EST distribution. EST loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. The number of EST loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. The distribution of ESTs along chromosome arms was nonrandom with EST clusters occurring in the distal regions of short arms and middle regions of long arms. Duplications of group 1 ESTs in other homoeologous groups occurred at a rate of 35.5%. Seventy-five percent of wheat chromosome 1 ESTs had significant matches with rice sequences (E ≤ e−10), where large regions of conservation occurred between wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 5 and between the proximal portion of the long arm of wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 10. Only 9.5% of group 1 ESTs showed significant matches to Arabidopsis genome sequences. The results presented are useful for gene mapping and evolutionary and comparative genomics of grasses.
A 2600-Locus Chromosome Bin Map of Wheat Homoeologous Group 2 Reveals Interstitial Gene-Rich Islands and Colinearity With Rice
Authors: Conley E J , Nduati V , Gonzalez-Hernandez J L , Mesfin A , Trudeau-Spanjers M , Chao S , Lazo G R , Hummel D D , Anderson O D , Qi L L , Gill B S , Echalier B , Linkiewicz A M , Dubcovsky J , Akhunov E D , Dvořák J , Peng J H , Lapitan N L V , Pathan M S , Nguyen H T , Ma X-F ,   Miftahudin, Gustafson J P , Greene R A , Sorrells M E , Hossain K G , Kalavacharla V , Kianian S F , Sidhu D , Dilbirligi M , Gill K S , Choi D W , Fenton R D , Close T J , McGuire P E , Qualset C O , Anderson J A 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The complex hexaploid wheat genome offers many challenges for genomics research. Expressed sequence tags facilitate the analysis of gene-coding regions and provide a rich source of molecular markers for mapping and comparison with model organisms. The objectives of this study were to construct a high-density EST chromosome bin map of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes to determine the distribution of ESTs, construct a consensus map of group 2 ESTs, investigate synteny, examine patterns of duplication, and assess the colinearity with rice of ESTs assigned to the group 2 consensus bin map. A total of 2600 loci generated from 1110 ESTs were mapped to group 2 chromosomes by Southern hybridization onto wheat aneuploid chromosome and deletion stocks. A consensus map was constructed of 552 ESTs mapping to more than one group 2 chromosome. Regions of high gene density in distal bins and low gene density in proximal bins were found. Two interstitial gene-rich islands flanked by relatively gene-poor regions on both the short and long arms and having good synteny with rice were discovered. The map locations of two ESTs indicated the possible presence of a small pericentric inversion on chromosome 2B. Wheat chromosome group 2 was shown to share syntenous blocks with rice chromosomes 4 and 7.
Group 3 Chromosome Bin Maps of Wheat and Their Relationship to Rice Chromosome 1
Authors: Munkvold J D , Greene R A , Bermudez-Kandianis C E , La Rota C M , Edwards H , Sorrells S F , Dake T , Benscher D , Kantety R , Linkiewicz A M , Dubcovsky J , Akhunov E D , Dvořák J ,   Miftahudin, Gustafson J P , Pathan M S , Nguyen H T , Matthews D E , Chao S , Lazo G R , Hummel D D , Anderson O D , Anderson J A , Gonzalez-Hernandez J L , Peng J H , Lapitan N , Qi L L , Echalier B , Gill B S , Hossain K G , Kalavacharla V , Kianian S F , Sandhu D , Erayman M , Gill K S , McGuire P E , Qualset C O , Sorrells M E 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The focus of this study was to analyze the content, distribution, and comparative genome relationships of 996 chromosome bin-mapped expressed sequence tags (ESTs) accounting for 2266 restriction fragments (loci) on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Of these loci, 634, 884, and 748 were mapped on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D, respectively. The individual chromosome bin maps revealed bins with a high density of mapped ESTs in the distal region and bins of low density in the proximal region of the chromosome arms, with the exception of 3DS and 3DL. These distributions were more localized on the higher-resolution group 3 consensus map with intermediate regions of high-mapped-EST density on both chromosome arms. Gene ontology (GO) classification of mapped ESTs was not significantly different for homoeologous group 3 chromosomes compared to the other groups. A combined analysis of the individual bin maps using 537 of the mapped ESTs revealed rearrangements between the group 3 chromosomes. Approximately 232 (44%) of the consensus mapped ESTs matched sequences on rice chromosome 1 and revealed large- and small-scale differences in gene order. Of the group 3 mapped EST unigenes ∼21 and 32% matched the Arabidopsis coding regions and proteins, respectively, but no chromosome-level gene order conservation was detected.
Competition in the Japanese wholesale potato market
Authors: Higaki Yusuke , Gunjal Kisan , Coffin Garth 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Japanese potato market is characterized by regional domination of production and marketing by strong cooperatives exhibiting a high degree of concentration with potential oligopolistic market power. In this research, the level of competition in the Japanese potato market was evaluated using conjectural variations technique on the time series data from 1989 to 1995. Four wholesale markets with eight production sources were analyzed. From the empirical analysis, it can be concluded that, despite the high level of concentration in production, all producing regions including the dominant producer, Hokkaido, seem to have behaved competitively. However, the degree of competition is found to vary depending on the season. Hokkaido, the leading producer, may be setting prices close to marginal costs under pressure of competition from foreign suppliers. {Econ‐Lit citations: L100, L130] © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The perceived importance of veal meat attributes in consumer choice decisions
Authors: West Gale E. , Larue Bruno , Touil Chedlia , Scott Shannon L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnimal scientists have recently found a way to produce extremely pale grain‐fed veal, thus achieving high quality grade, while averting concerns over unethical treatment and medication residues in milk‐fed veal production. Consumers, however, may reject pale cuts of veal labeled as “grain‐fed.” This article uses questionnaire data from six groceries in the province of Quebec, Canada, to investigate frequency of veal purchases and perceived importance of price, color, and production type as determinants of veal purchases. Consumers do not appear to have clear preferences for milk‐fed veal characteristics. Frequency of consumption and importance of veal meat attributes were influenced more by variables of habit formation than by price, income, or education. The veal industry might be advised to encourage consumption of veal as a means to diversify consumers' meat menu. [Econ‐Lit citations: D120, Q130] © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slotting allowances and price‐cost margins: A note
Authors: Azzam; Azzeddine M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIt has become common practice for retail grocers to charge grocery manufacturers a slotting allowance for placing products on the retail shelf. Manufacturers view the allowance as anti‐competitive. Retailers view it as compensation for the risks associated with stocking new products. The largely theoretical literature on the subject is consistent with both views. This article proposes an empirical model to test the effect of slotting allowances on performance, and discusses if and how the model can be tied to the qualitative predictions of existing theoretical literature. [JEL classification: L100, L140, L420] © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Racial variation in fasting and random homocysteine levels
Authors: Estrada Dolores A. , Billett Henny H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHomocysteine (Hcy) levels have been shown to be a predeterminant of thrombotic diseases. We measured the Hcy levels of 50 blacks and 50 whites equally divided by gender to determine if there is a significant racial difference in either fasting or random Hcy levels. Dietary, medication, smoking, alcohol, past medical, educational, and occupational histories were obtained, and the body mass index calculated. Total serum fasting and random Hcy levels, B12, folate, BUN, creatinine, and lipid profiles were drawn from each participant. Analysis of the results showed that white males have the highest fasting Hcy levels, 10.5 μM/l, whereas random Hcy levels were not significantly different. Correlation between fasting and random Hcy levels was poor (R = 0.61). B12 levels in black subjects were significantly higher, 490.8 pg/ml, compared to whites, 382.8 pg/ml, P = 0.001, but contributed little to total Hcy levels (R2 = 0.08). Folic acid levels, all within normal range, were not significantly different between the two racial groups and also did not appear to greatly affect Hcy levels (R2 = 0.06). Our study demonstrates that, despite the genetic diversity of these two racial groups in the U.S., white males in this age group have higher fasting Hcy levels than black males, and white males, but not black males, have higher fasting homocysteine levels than females. This discrepancy in Hcy levels may reflect methylene‐tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme polymorphisms, known to be higher in whites, rather than socioeconomic influences. Am. J. Hematol. 66:252–256, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ability to trace migrant farmworkers ten years after initial identification in a Northern State (Wisconsin)
Authors: Nordstrom David L. , Krauska Michelle , DeStefano Frank , Colt Joanne S. , Zahm Shelia Hoar 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundMigrant farmworkers have rarely been included in epidemiologic studies. To assess the feasibility of following farmworkers over extended periods, a critical feature of many study designs, we attempted to trace a sample of Mexican‐American farmworkers identified in a clinic in Wisconsin.MethodsWe randomly chose 100 farmworkers from a migrant health center registration list for 1984–85. In 1995, we searched recent clinic records, made telephone calls, and visited migrant camps to find these farmworkers in Wisconsin during the growing season. We also attempted to find 46 farmworkers at their homes in southwest Texas over a two‐week period in 1996 using the address listed in the clinic records, local phone books, and conversations with next‐door neighbors.ResultsAlthough 25 farmworkers had reregistered at the clinic in recent years, we found only 6 of them in Wisconsin in 1995. In southwest Texas, we either located or ascertained information about the vital status of 25 of the 46 farmworkers (54%).ConclusionsTracing efforts must include extensive contacts in farmworkers' home states and must incorporate a variety of information sources. Tracing farmworkers in epidemiologic studies appears to be feasible but requires more intensive methods over longer periods of time than those used in this study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:592–595, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cumulative exposure to styrene and visual functions
Authors: Castillo Laura , Baldwin Mary , Sassine Marie‐Pascale , Mergler Donna 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundResults from a 1990–1992 longitudinal study of several reinforced plastics plants showed that for those workers whose styrene exposure had decreased, color vision (CV) improved; while near visual contrast sensitivity (CS) was poorer.MethodsIn 1999, we retested these visual functions in 18 workers with good visual acuity. A cumulative exposure index (CEI), corrected for respirator use, was calculated for each worker.ResultsIntra‐individual comparison of mandelic acid (MA) showed a significant decrease over time (Friedman; P = 0.015), but current values were not related to CEI. For CV, no significant difference was observed between 1992 and 1999; present results were not related to MA or CEI. The CS profile decreased over time, with significant differences at 3 cpd (Friedman; P < 0.05). CS did not vary with MA levels, but was significantly depressed at the intermediate frequencies among those in the upper CEIH category (Kruskal–Wallis; P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CS loss increases with long‐term cumulative exposure, reflecting chronic damage to the neuro‐optic pathways. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:351–360, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agreement between clinical examination and quantitative tests of neurologic function among 384 subjects*
Authors: Steenland Kyle , Dick Robert , Fine Lawrence 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative neurological tests are often cheaper and easier than clinical examinations, and provide continuous data which may discriminate between exposed and nonexposed groups with more sensitivity than dichotomous (normal/abnormal) examination data.MethodsWe compare clinical examinations and analogous quantitative tests for arm tremor, postural sway, and vibrotactile sensitivity (finger and toe), for 384 subjects.ResultsThe “abnormal” clinical outcomes studied were relatively common (range, 3–36%), and did not result in impairment of daily activity for affected subjects. All the quantitative tests were reasonably good predictors of the corresponding clinical outcome. The most predictive test was for toe vibrotactile sensitivity. The probability of an abnormal clinical result for those in the worst quartile for the toe test was 0.63, compared with 0.36 for all subjects.ConclusionsOur results suggest that certain quantitative tests might be used in epidemiologic studies instead of a physical examination. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:361–368, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory symptoms in Swiss farmers: An epidemiological study of risk factors
Authors: Danuser Brigitta , Weber Christoph , Künzli Nino , Schindler Christian , Nowak Dennis 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe study was undertaken to assess the prevalance and risk factors of self‐reported asthma, symptoms of chronic bronchitis, hay fever, and work‐related respiratory symptoms in Swiss farmers as well as to compare the prevalance rates of respiratory symptoms with the Swiss population (SAPALDIA‐Study).MethodsAn epidemiological study was performed with a representative sample of 1,542 Swiss farmers using a self‐administered questionnaire. To investigate the effect of the type of farming on reported symptoms, the farmers were subdivided into seven groups according to the time farmers spent in different animal confinement buildings. A multivariate analysis was performed by the methods of binary and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and smoking habits.ResultsIn farmers the prevalence rate was 16.0% for chronic bronchitis, 15.4% for asthma symptoms, and 42.0% for reporting at least one work‐related symptom. Using logistic regression analysis, it was established that poultry farming and pig/cattle farming was a risk factor for reporting nasal irritation at work [OR 5.33, (1.57–18.0), OR 3.37 (1.04–10.87)]. Poultry farmers experienced the highest symptom rates. In crop farmers, the prevalance for chronic bronchitis was increased [OR 2.32 (1.03–5.23)]. Over 4 hr spent per day in animal confinement buildings more than doubled the risk for reporting chronic bronchitis [OR 2.61 (1.01–6.76)] and phlegm [OR 2.3 (0.99‐5.4)] independent of the type of farming. The comparison of Swiss farmers with the Swiss population showed a twofold elevated risk of reporting chronic bronchitis [OR 1.89 (1.32–2.95)] and a 4.5‐fold elevated risk for bringing up phlegm regularly [OR 4.5 (3.25–6.69)] in farmers. In contrast, the risk of farmers to report nasal allergies was less than half as high [OR 0.40 (0.29–0.56)] as that of the general population.ConclusionsThis study shows that agricultural work in Switzerland is associated with an elevated risk for reporting symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic phlegm compared with the general Swiss population. These main results most likely indicate occupational disorders as the exposure‐response relationship (hours spent in animal confinements) was particularly obvious for these symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:410–418, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of MMT in Canadian gasoline: Health and environment issues
Authors: Zayed Joseph 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundMethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic derivative of manganese (Mn) used in Canadian gasoline since 1976 as an antiknock agent and to improve octane rating. Combustion products of MMT are mainly a mixture of Mn phosphate and Mn sulfate. In 1997, the Canadian federal government adopted a law (C‐29) which banned both the interprovincial trade and the importation for commercial purposes of manganese‐based substances, including MMT. However, the government reworded this law in July 1998 so that manganese‐based fuel additives were not included in the restrictions. MMT is now approved for use in Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, the United States, France, Russia, and conditionally in New Zealand. Nevertheless, these countries are not using MMT intensively and they are waiting for strong evidence of the absence of effects on human health. Even after several years of use of MMT in Canada, many uncertainties remain.MethodsDifferent methods were used in order to assess (1) environmental contamination and human exposure to the parental form of MMT, (2) nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions associated with the use of MMT, and (3) qualitative and quantitative assessments of Mn emissions to the environment.ResultsThe results provide timely information with regard to the impact of MMT on environmental/ecosystem Mn contamination in abiotic and biotic systems as well as on human exposure. Moreover, results raise major concerns with regard to public health effects related to exposure to Mn.ConclusionsObviously, there is still an important lack of adequate toxicological information and further studies are needed to provide successful implementation of evidence‐based risk assessment approaches. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:426–433, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.