bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericranial Flap for Closure of Paramedian Anterior Skull Base Defects
Authors: Noone Michael C. , Osguthorpe J. David , Patel Sunil 
Published: February 2003

OBJECTIVEWe sought to examine the position of a pericranial flap reconstruction of anterior skull base defects with respect to the original floor of the anterior cranial fossa.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective chart and radiology review of 17 patients (1993–2001) with pericranial flap reconstruction for anterior skull base defects and 17 controls was performed.RESULTSAt 6 or more months after surgery, the new positions of the pericranial flaps ranged from 5 mm above to 11.3 mm below the positions of the original cribriform plates. There were no complications related to the pericranial flaps such as hemorrhage, flap loss, or brain herniation except for 2 (11.8%) cerebrospinal fluid leaks, 1 of which required operative correction.CONCLUSIONPericranial flap reconstruction is a reliable method with low morbidity for closure of the most common skull base defect from the craniofacial resection that entails removal—unilateral or bilateral—of the fovea ethmoidalis, cribriform plate, and/or superior septum. This flap creates a watertight seal between the extradural space and the nasal cavity, prevents clinically significant brain herniation, and is associated with a low rate of cerebrospinal fluid leakage even without postoperative lumbar subarachnoid drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid.
Use of Nebulized Antibiotics for Acute Infections in Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Vaughan Winston C. , Carvalho Gerard 
Published: February 2003

OBJECTIVEInfections in patients with chronic sinusitis after surgery can be difficult to treat. Nebulized antimicrobial therapy was studied as a treatment option.STUDY DESIGNPatients with chronic sinusitis, previous sinus surgery, and an acute infection were offered nebulized antibiotics or standard therapy. Cultures were taken and sensitivity testing was performed. Retrospective chart reviews were also performed.RESULTSForty‐two patients were included. The most common side effects were sore throat and cough. Symptomatic and endoscopic data before and after nebulized therapy showed a longer infection‐free period (average, 17 weeks) compared with standard therapy (average, 6 weeks). Improvements in posterior nasal discharge, facial pain/pressure, and emotional consequences were noted.CONCLUSIONNebulized therapy was safe and effective in this cohort. Endoscopy and outcome measure changes showed consistent improvements.SIGNIFICANCEA novel therapy for acute sinus infections in patients with chronic sinusitis and previous endoscopic sinus surgery is presented.
Health Care Utilization and Cost among Adults with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Enrolled in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Murphy Michael P. , Fishman Paul , Short Steven O. , Sullivan Sean D. , Yueh Bevan , Weymuller Ernest A. 
Published: February 2003

OBJECTIVEOur goal was to measure the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on the use and cost of health care by adults in a health maintenance organization (HMO).SETTING AND SUBJECTSIn the setting of the Group Health Cooperative, an HMO in Washington State, we conducted a study of all 218,587 adults (≥18 years) who used services during 1994. Using automated data, 20,175 adults were identified with one or more CRS diagnoses during 1994.OUTCOME MEASURESWe identified nonurgent outpatient visits, pharmacy fills, urgent visits, hospital days, and their associated costs (per adult per year).RESULTSThe marginal utilization associated with a diagnosis of CRS was 2.0 nonurgent outpatient visits, 5.1 pharmacy fills, 0.01 urgent visit, and −0.07 hospital day. The marginal total cost of CRS was $206.CONCLUSIONSAdults with CRS had higher costs primarily because of increased nonurgent outpatient visit and pharmacy fill utilization. The overall direct cost of CRS in the United States in 1994 is estimated to have been $4.3 billion.
Smoke Exposure and Outcome of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Children
Authors: Ramadan Hassan H. , Hinerman Raymond A. 
Published: February 2003

OBJECTIVEThe study goal was to determine whether cigarette smoke exposure in children who are undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic sinusitis will have an impact on the outcome.DESIGNWe conducted a cohort study in a tertiary care children's hospital setting.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study population consisted of 118 patients who underwent ESS between January 1994 and June 1999. The mean age was 6.5 (range, 2 to 13 years). The outcome of ESS was measured ≥1 year after the operation. A questionnaire was mailed to the caretakers to measure success. Those who required revision subsequently were considered as failures.RESULTSMultivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with smoke exposure as an independent variable and outcome measured as success of procedure. The overall success rate was 83%. Univariate analysis of smoke exposure and outcome of surgery revealed that children exposed to smoke in household had a 70% success rate compared with children not exposed to smoke, who had a 90% success rate (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed smoke exposure continued to be an independent predictor of success.CONCLUSIONESS in children with cigarette smoke exposure predisposes to a poorer outcome. This needs to be taken into consideration when recommending ESS for those children.
Management of Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery Injury: A Real Emergency
Authors: Jain Rajan , Marotta T.R. , Redekop G. , Vancouver D. W. Anderson 
Published: February 2003

Carotid artery pseudoaneurysm or fistula formation can occur due to spontaneous dissection, blunt or penetrating trauma, or iatrogenic injury. Most of the iatrogenic injuries in the petrous region occur during middle ear operations in patients with an aberrant internal carotid artery (ICA). Aberrant ICA is a rare anomaly that can be associated with life‐threatening aural hemorrhage if inadvertently injured during middle ear surgery. Other causes of unexpected hemorrhage during or after middle ear surgery include high jugular bulb, aneurysm, and glomus tumor. The management of aberrant ICA injury has always been a challenging task because of the difficult surgical approach. With major advances in the neuroendovascular field, endovascular treatment of these lesions can be quick and effective.We discuss here a case of endovascular management of an aberrant ICA that was probably injured during previous middle ear operations that led to pseudoaneurysm formation and ruptured subsequent to ear infection and drainage.
Holomorphic extensions from open families of circles
Authors: Globevnik Josip 
Published: February 2003

For a circle

Γ
=
{
z
∈

C

:

|

z
−
c

|

=
ρ
}

\Gamma =\{ z\in \mathbb {C} \colon |z-c|=\rho \}

write

Λ
(
Γ
)
=
{
(
z
,
w
)
:

(
z
−
a
)
(
w
−

a
¯

)
=

ρ

2

,

0
>

|

z
−
a

|

>
ρ
}

\Lambda (\Gamma )=\{ (z,w)\colon \ (z-a)(w-\overline {a}) =\rho ^{2},\ 0>|z-a|>\rho \}

. A continuous function

f
f

on

Γ
\Gamma

extends holomorphically from

Γ
\Gamma

(into the disc bounded by

Γ
\Gamma

) if and only if the function

F
(
z
,

z
¯

)
=
f
(
z
)

F(z,\overline {z})=f(z)

defined on

{
(
z
,

z
¯

)
:

z
∈
Γ
}

\{(z,\overline {z})\colon \ z\in \Gamma \}

has a bounded holomorphic extension into

Λ
(
Γ
)

\Lambda (\Gamma )

. In the paper we consider open connected families of circles

C

\mathcal {C}

, write

U
=
⋃
{
Γ
:

Γ
∈

C

}

U=\bigcup \{ \Gamma \colon \ \Gamma \in \mathcal {C}\}

, and assume that a continuous function on

U
U

extends holomorphically from each

Γ
∈

C

\Gamma \in \mathcal {C}

. We show that this happens if and only if the function

F
(
z
,

z
¯

)
=
f
(
z
)

F(z, \overline {z})=f(z)

defined on

{
(
z
,

z
¯

)
:
z
∈
U
}

\{ (z,\overline {z})\colon z\in U\}

has a bounded holomorphic extension into the domain

⋃
{
Λ
(
Γ
)
:

Γ
∈

Q

}

\bigcup \{ \Lambda (\Gamma )\colon \ \Gamma \in \mathcal {Q}\}

for each open family

Q

\mathcal {Q}

compactly contained in

C

\mathcal {C}

. This allows us to use known facts from several complex variables. In particular, we use the edge of the wedge theorem to prove a theorem on real analyticity of such functions.
Local power series quotients of commutative Banach and Fréchet algebras
Authors: Thomas Marc 
Published: February 2003

We consider the relationship between derivations and local power series quotients for a locally multiplicatively convex Fréchet algebra. In §2 we derive necessary conditions for a commutative Fréchet algebra to have a local power series quotient. Our main result here is Proposition 2.6, which shows that if the generating element has finite closed descent, the algebra cannot be simply a radical algebra with identity adjoined—it must have nontrivial representation theory; if the generating element does not have finite closed descent, then the algebra cannot be a Banach algebra, and the generating element must be locally nilpotent (but non-nilpotent) in an associated quotient algebra. In §3 we consider a fundamental situation which leads to local power series quotients. Let

D
D

be a derivation on a commutative radical Fréchet algebra

R

♯

{\mathcal {R}}^{\sharp }

with identity adjoined. We show in Theorem 3.10 that if the discontinuity of

D
D

is not concentrated in the (Jacobson) radical, then

R

♯

{\mathcal {R}}^{\sharp }

has a local power series quotient. The question of whether such a derivation can have a separating ideal so large it actually contains the identity element has been recently settled in the affirmative by C. J. Read.
Seasonal Changes in Fungal Production and Biomass on Standing Dead
Scirpus
lacustris
Litter in a Northern Prairie Wetland
Authors: Verma Brij , Robarts Richard D. , Headley John V. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

Decaying macrophytes are an important source of carbon and nutrients in fungal and bacterial communities of northern prairie wetlands. Dead macrophytes do not collapse into the water column immediately after death, and decomposition by fungi and bacteria begins while the plants are standing. The seasonal variations in fungal biomass and production on
Scirpus lacustris
stems, both above and below water, were measured to assess which environmental factors were dominant in affecting these variations in a typical prairie wetland. Fungal biomass and production were measured from early May to November, just prior to freeze-up. Fungal decomposition began and was greatest in the spring despite low water temperatures. The fungal production, as measured by the incorporation of [1-
14
C]acetate into ergosterol, ranged from 1.8 to 376 μg of C g of ash-free dry mass (AFDM)
−1
day
−1
, and the biomass, as estimated by using ergosterol, ranged from nondetectable to 5.8 mg of C g of AFDM
−1
. There was no significant difference in biomass or production between aerial and submerged portions of
Scirpus
stems. The water temperature was correlated with fungal production (
r
= 0.7,
P
< 0.005) for aerial stem pieces but not for submerged pieces. However, in laboratory experiments water temperature had a measurable effect on both biomass and production in submerged stem pieces. Changes in fungal biomass and productivity on freshly cut green
Scirpus
stems decaying in the water either exposed to natural solar radiation or protected from UV radiation were monitored over the summer. There was no significant difference in either fungal biomass (
P
= 0.76) or production (
P
= 0.96) between the two light treatments. The fungal biomass and rates of production were within the lower range of the values reported elsewhere, probably as a result of the colder climate and perhaps the lower lability of
Scirpus
stems compared to the labilities of the leaves and different macrophytes examined in other studies performed at lower latitudes.
Detection of
Listeria monocytogenes
from a Model Food by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based PCR with an Asymmetric Fluorogenic Probe Set
Authors: Koo Kai , Jaykus Lee-Ann 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

It has been shown that fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based PCR, including the TaqMan assay and molecular beacons, has potential for rapid detection of pathogens. In these promising real-time detection assays a single internal oligonucleotide probe labeled on both the 5′ (reporter) and 3′ (quencher) ends is used for selective generation of fluorescence. In this paper, we describe the use of a previously reported novel probe design for FRET-based PCR detection of
Listeria monocytogenes
in pure culture and in a model food commodity. In the assay described here an asymmetric probe set is used; this probe set consists of a long 5′ fluorescein-labeled reporter probe and a short, complementary 3′ DABCYL-labeled quencher oligonucleotide, which are used in a 5′ nuclease amplification and detection assay. By using the listeriolysin O (
hly
) and p60 (
iap
) genes as amplification targets, the performance of two primer-probe sets in amplification and subsequent detection of target DNA was evaluated. In studies performed with pure cultures of
L. monocytogenes
, the PCR profiles indicated that the relative change in fluorescence intensity was correlated with both the initial number of cells and the accumulation of specific amplicons for both
hly
and
iap
gene fragments. Experiments were also done to determine the applicability of the method to the detection of
L. monocytogenes
by targeting
hly
DNA and its short-lived mRNA product in a model food commodity. Twenty-five-milliliter samples of reconstituted nonfat dry milk (NFDM) were seeded with
L. monocytogenes
and processed to concentrate the bacteria by centrifugation, and this was followed by nucleic acid extraction and amplification with
hly
-specific primers. Endpoint detection of PCR and reverse transcription-PCR amplicons could be achieved at inoculum levels of 10
3
and 10
4
CFU of
L. monocytogenes
/25 ml of NFDM, respectively. This study demonstrated that this asymmetric FRET-based amplification and detection protocol provides an alternative approach for endpoint detection of nucleic acid amplification products as applied to detection of pathogens in a model food.
Differential Inactivation of Seed Exudate Stimulation ofPythium ultimumSporangium Germination byEnterobacter cloacaeInfluences Biological Control Efficacy on Different Plant Species
Authors: Kageyama Koji , Nelson Eric B. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACTThis study was initiated to understand whether differential biological control efficacy ofEnterobacter cloacaeon various plant species is due to differences in the ability ofE.cloacaeto inactivate the stimulatory activity of seed exudates toPythium ultimumsporangium germination. In biological control assays,E.cloacaewas effective in controllingPythiumdamping-off when placed on the seeds of carrot, cotton, cucumber, lettuce, radish, tomato, and wheat but failed to protect corn and pea from damping-off. Seeds from plants such as corn and pea had high rates of exudation, whereas cotton and cucumber seeds had much lower rates of exudation. Patterns of seed exudation and the release ofP.ultimumsporangium germination stimulants varied among the plants tested. Seed exudates of plants such as carrot, corn, lettuce, pea, radish, and wheat were generally more stimulatory toP.ultimumthan were the exudates of cotton, cucumber, sunflower, and tomato. However, this was not directly related to the ability ofE.cloacaeto inactivate the stimulatory activity of the exudate and reduceP.ultimumsporangium germination. In the spermosphere,E.cloacaereadily reduced the stimulatory activity of seed exudates from all plant species except corn and pea. Our data have shown that the inability ofE.cloacaeto protect corn and pea seeds fromPythiumdamping-off is directly related to its ability to inactivate the stimulatory activity of seed exudates. On all other plants tested,E.cloacaewas effective in suppressing damping-off and inactivating the stimulatory activity of seed exudates.
Biotin Limitation in
Sinorhizobium meliloti
Strain 1021 Alters Transcription and Translation
Authors: Heinz Elke B. , Streit Wolfgang R. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

Most
Sinorhizobium meliloti
strains lack several key genes involved in microbial biotin biosynthesis, and it is assumed that this may be a special adaptation which allows the microbe to down-regulate metabolic activities in the absence of a host plant. To further explore this hypothesis, we employed two different strategies. (i) Searches of the
S. meliloti
genome database in combination with the construction of nine different
gusA
reporter fusions identified three genes involved in a biotin starvation response in this microbe. A gene coding for a protein-methyl carboxyl transferase (
pcm
) exhibited 13.6-fold-higher transcription under biotin-limiting conditions than cells grown in the presence of 40 nM biotin. Consistent with this observation, biotin-limiting conditions resulted in a significantly decreased survival of
pcm
mutant cells compared to parental cells or cells grown in the presence of 40 nM biotin. Further studies indicated that the autoinducer synthase gene,
sinI
, was transcribed at a 4.5-fold-higher level in early stationary phase in biotin-starved cells than in biotin-supplemented cells. Lastly, we observed that open reading frame
smc02283
, which codes for a putative copper resistance protein (CopC), was 21-fold down-regulated in response to biotin starvation. (ii) In a second approach, proteome analysis identified 10 proteins which were significantly down-regulated under the biotin-limiting conditions. Among the proteins identified by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were the ϖ subunit of the RNA polymerase and the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 (L8) subunit, indicating that biotin-limiting conditions generally affect transcription and translation in
S. meliloti
.
Application of New Primer-Enzyme Combinations to Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Profiling of Bacterial Populations in Human Feces
Authors: Nagashima Koji , Hisada Takayoshi , Sato Maremi , Mochizuki Jun 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

New primer-enzyme combinations for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) targeting of the 16S rRNA gene were constructed by using the T-RFLP analysis program (designated TAP T-RFLP) located at the Ribosomal Database Project website, and their performance was examined empirically. By using the fluorescently labeled 516f primer (
Escherichia coli
positions 516 to 532) and 1510r primer (positions 1510 to 1492), the 16S rRNA gene was amplified from human fecal DNA. The resulting amplified product was digested with
Rsa
I plus
Bfa
I or with
Bsl
I. When the T-RFLP was carried out with fecal DNAs from eight individuals, eight predominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected with
Rsa
I and
Bfa
I digestion and 14 predominant OTUs were detected with
Bsl
I digestion. The distribution of the OTUs was consistent with the results of the computer simulations with TAP T-RFLP. The T-RFLP analyses of the fecal DNAs from individuals gave characteristic profiles, while the variability of the T-RFLP profiles between duplicate DNA preparations from the same samples were minimal. This new T-RFLP method made it easy to predict what kind of intestinal bacterial group corresponded to each OTU on the basis of the terminal restriction fragment length compared with the conventional T-RFLP and, moreover, made it possible to identify the bacterial species that an OTU represents by cloning and sequencing.
Impaired Temperature Stress Response of a
Streptococcus thermophilus deoD
Mutant
Authors: Varcamonti Mario , Graziano Maria R. , Pezzopane Romilde , Naclerio Gino , Arsenijevic Slavica , De Felice Maurilio 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

An insertional
deoD
mutant of
Streptococcus thermophilus
strain SFi39 had a reduced growth rate at 20°C and an enhanced survival capacity to heat shock compared to the wild type, indicating that the
deoD
product is involved in temperature shock adaptation. We report evidence that ppGpp is implicated in this dual response.
Genetic Differences between Two Strains of
Xylella fastidiosa
Revealed by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization
Authors: Harakava Ricardo , Gabriel Dean W. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to rapidly identify 18 gene differences between a citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) strain and a Pierce's disease of grape (PD) strain of
Xylella fastidiosa
. The results were validated as being highly representative of actual differences by comparison of the completely sequenced genome of a CVC strain with that of a PD strain.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of pMG160, a Mobilizable Cryptic Plasmid from
Rhodobacter blasticus
Authors: Inui Masayuki , Nakata Kaori , Roh Jung Hyeob , Vertès Alain A. , Yukawa Hideaki 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

A 3.4-kb cryptic plasmid was obtained from a new isolate of
Rhodobacter blasticus
. This plasmid, designated pMG160, was mobilizable by the conjugative strain
Escherichia coli
S17.1 into
Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus
, and
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
. It replicated in the latter strains but not in
Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodocyclus gelatinosus
, or
Bradyrhizobium
species. Plasmid pMG160 was stably maintained in
R. sphaeroides
for more than 100 generations in the absence of selection but showed segregational instability in
R. palustris
. Instability in
R. palustris
correlated with a decrease in plasmid copy number compared to the copy number in
R. sphaeroides
. The complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pMG160 contained three open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acid sequences encoded by ORF1 and ORF2 showed high degrees of homology to the MobS and MobL proteins that are involved in plasmid mobilization of certain plasmids. Based on homology with the Rep protein of several other plasmids, ORF3 encodes a putative
rep
gene initiator of plasmid replication. The functions of these sequences were demonstrated by deletion mapping, frameshift analysis, and analysis of point mutations. Two 6.1-kb pMG160-based
E. coli-R. sphaeroides
shuttle cloning vectors were constructed and designated pMG170 and pMG171. These two novel shuttle vectors were segregationally stable in
R. sphaeroides
growing under nonselective conditions.
Cooperation between
Lactococcus lactis
and Nonstarter Lactobacilli in the Formation of Cheese Aroma from Amino Acids
Authors: Kieronczyk Agnieszka , Skeie Siv , Langsrud Thor , Yvon Mireille 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

In Gouda and Cheddar type cheeses the amino acid conversion to aroma compounds, which is a major process for aroma formation, is essentially due to lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In order to evaluate the respective role of starter and nonstarter LAB and their interactions in cheese flavor formation, we compared the catabolism of phenylalanine, leucine, and methionine by single strains and strain mixtures of
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
cremoris
NCDO763 and three mesophilic lactobacilli. Amino acid catabolism was studied in vitro at pH 5.5, by using radiolabeled amino acids as tracers. In the presence of α-ketoglutarate, which is essential for amino acid transamination, the lactobacillus strains degraded less amino acids than
L. lactis
subsp.
cremoris
NCDO763
,
and produced mainly nonaromatic metabolites.
L. lactis
subsp.
cremoris
NCDO763 produced mainly the carboxylic acids, which are important compounds for cheese aroma. However, in the reaction mixture containing glutamate, only two lactobacillus strains degraded amino acids significantly. This was due to their glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, which produced α-ketoglutarate from glutamate. The combination of each of the GDH-positive lactobacilli with
L. lactis
subsp.
cremoris
NCDO763 had a beneficial effect on the aroma formation. Lactobacilli initiated the conversion of amino acids by transforming them mainly to keto and hydroxy acids, which subsequently were converted to carboxylic acids by the
Lactococcus
strain. Therefore, we think that such cooperation between starter
L. lactis
and GDH-positive lactobacilli can stimulate flavor development in cheese.