bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Tetrathiafulvalenes with Fluoreno[3,2‐b]fluorene and Diindeno[1,2‐b : 1′,2′‐i]anthracene Cores
Authors: Granhøj Jeppe , Zalibera Michal , Malček Michal , Bliksted Roug Pedersen Viktor , Erbs Hillers‐Bendtsen Andreas , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Rapta Peter , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn one‐dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing five‐ and six‐membered rings fused together, one key question is whether the structures possess a quinoidal or aromatic diradical character. Here, we generate such PAHs by reversible oxidation of PAH‐extended tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs). Extended TTFs were thus prepared and studied for their geometrical properties (crystallography), redox properties, and UV/Vis/NIR/EPR characteristics as a function of charge state. The EPR measurements of radical cations showed unique features for each PAH‐TTF. The dications, formally composed of fluoreno[3,2‐b]fluorene and diindeno[1,2‐b:1′,2′‐i]anthracene cores, were experimentally found to exhibit singlet ground states. For the latter, calculations reveal the closed shell, quinoid singlet state to be isoenergetic with the open shell singlet diradical. Each charge state exhibited unique optical properties with radical cations absorbing strongly in the NIR region with signatures from π‐dimers for the large core. The experimental results were paralleled and supported by detailed computations, including spin density distribution calculations, EPR simulations, and nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) xy scans.
Cell Microencapsulation Within Engineered Hyaluronan Elastin‐Like Protein (HELP) Hydrogels
Authors: Hefferon Meghan E. , Huang Michelle S. , Liu Yueming , Navarro Renato S. , de Paiva Narciso Narelli , Zhang Daiyao , Aviles‐Rodriguez Giselle , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional cell encapsulation has rendered itself a staple in the tissue engineering field. Using recombinantly engineered, biopolymer‐based hydrogels to encapsulate cells is especially promising due to the enhanced control and tunability it affords. Here, we describe in detail the synthesis of our hyaluronan (i.e., hyaluronic acid) and elastin‐like protein (HELP) hydrogel system. In addition to validating the efficacy of our synthetic process, we also demonstrate the modularity of the HELP system. Finally, we show that cells can be encapsulated within HELP gels over a range of stiffnesses, exhibit strong viability, and respond to stiffness cues. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Elastin‐like protein modification with hydrazineBasic Protocol 2: Nuclear magnetic resonance quantification of elastin‐like protein modification with hydrazineBasic Protocol 3: Hyaluronic acid–benzaldehyde synthesisBasic Protocol 4: Nuclear magnetic resonance quantification of hyaluronic acid–benzaldehydeBasic Protocol 5: 3D cell encapsulation in hyaluronan elastin‐like protein gels
Multi‐Attribute Method (MAM) Analytical Workflow for Biotherapeutic Protein Characterization from Process Development to QC
Authors: Millán‐Martín Silvia , Jakes Craig , Carillo Sara , Bones Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe multi‐attribute method (MAM) has emerged significantly in recent years to support biotherapeutic protein characterization from process development to the QC environment. MAM is a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) based peptide mapping approach, which combines the benefits from liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution accurate mass mass spectrometry (LC‐HRAM MS), enabling direct assessment of protein sequence and product quality attributes with site specificity. These product quality attributes may impact efficacy, safety, stability, and process robustness. MAM is intended to replace conventional analytical approaches as it offers a more streamlined strategy for parallel monitoring of multiple attributes in a single analysis with high sensitivity and confidence, and ultimately supports more robust Quality by Design (QbD) approaches and faster decision cycles for biotherapeutic development. MAM consists of three main stages. The first stage is sample digestion, which typically entails proteolytic digestion of the protein. The second stage is reversed‐phase chromatographic separation of the generated peptides and detection by HRAM MS in two phases. During MAM Phase I (discovery phase), data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) MS/MS is performed to enable confident identification of peaks and development of a peptide workbook. During MAM Phase II (monitoring phase), full MS acquisition is only carried out for the monitoring of predefined product quality attributes (PQAs). The third stage is data processing, which entails analysis and reporting for each of the two phases including evaluation of sequence coverage, assessment of PQAs and peptide workbook creation during phase I, and targeted monitoring of predefined product attributes and new peak detection (NPD) during phase II. The latter is a comparative analysis that uses a base peak alignment algorithm to determine any non‐monitored differences between the LC‐MS chromatograms of a test sample and a reference standard. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: In‐solution sample digestionAlternate Protocol: Automated sample digestionBasic Protocol 2: Reversed‐phase chromatographic separation and detection by HRAM‐MS (RPLC‐HRAM MS)Basic Protocol 3: Data processing and reporting
Association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jiang Shuai , Hao Meng , Li Yi , Hu Zixin , Jiang Xiao‐Yan , Jin Li , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMotoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome that is characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, the relationship between CMM and MCR is still unclear.METHODSWe included 4744 participants (aged 65+ years) without MCR at baseline from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), who were followed‐up from 2011 to 2018. CMM was defined as the presence of two or more cardiometabolic diseases (including diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke).RESULTSCMM was significantly associated with an increased risk of MCR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.75) in fully adjusted models. Consistent results were observed from stratified analyses of different subgroups. Increasing numbers of cardiometabolic diseases were dose‐dependently associated with increased MCR risk (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20–1.48).DISCUSSIONCMM is associated with an increased risk of MCR in older adults.HIGHLIGHTS
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait speed and cognitive complaints.
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was associated with an increased MCR risk.
An increased number of cardiometabolic diseases were dose‐dependently associated with increased MCR risk.
The PIG‐A gene mutation assay in human biomonitoring and disease
Authors: Lawrence Rachel , Munn Kathryn , Naser Hamsa , Thomas Laura , Haboubi Hasan , Williams Lisa , Doak Shareen , Jenkins Gareth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe blood cell phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG‐A) gene mutation assay has been extensively researched in rodents for in vivo mutagenicity testing and is now being investigated in humans. The PIG‐A gene is involved in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchor biosynthesis. A single mutation in this X‐linked gene can lead to loss of membrane‐bound GPI anchors, which can be enumerated via corresponding GPI‐anchored proteins (e.g., CD55) using flow cytometry. The studies published to date by different research groups demonstrate a remarkable consistency in PIG‐A mutant frequencies. Moreover, with the low background level of mutant erythrocytes in healthy subjects (2.9–5.56 × 10−6 mutants), induction of mutation post genotoxic exposure can be detected. Cigarette smoking, radiotherapy, and occupational exposures, including lead, have been shown to increase mutant levels. Future applications of this test include identifying new harmful agents and establishing new exposure limits. This mutational monitoring approach may also identify individuals at higher risk of cancer development. In addition, identifying protective agents that could mitigate these effects may reduce baseline somatic mutation levels and such behaviors can be encouraged. Further technological progress is required including establishing underlying mechanisms of GPI anchor loss, protocol standardization, and the development of cryopreservation methods to improve GPI‐anchor stability over time. If successful, this assay has the potential be widely employed, for example, in rural and low‐income countries. Here, we review the current literature on PIG‐A mutation in humans and discuss the potential role of this assay in human biomonitoring and disease detection.
The assessment of the knowledge and practices of healthcare providers regarding paroxysmal non‐epileptic events (PNES) in children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gündüz Mehmet , Gündüz Bahar Öztelcan , Tubas Filiz , Dulkadir Ramazan , Çakır Bahar Çuhacı , Çamurdan Aysu Duyan , Ceylan Nesrin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveParoxysmal non‐epileptic events (PNEs) are a group of disorders that may be misdiagnosed as epilepsy. This study has aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of family physicians and pediatricians regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of PNEs in children.MethodsThe study was designed as a prospective cross‐sectional study that was conducted between March 1, 2022, and June 1, 2022, by reaching pediatric specialists and assistants, family physicians, subspecialty assistants, and subspecialists using a Google questionnaire. The survey consists of 26 questions. The questionnaire used by the researchers was prepared in accordance with the literature search and it included detailed questions on the diagnosis, treatment, and differential diagnosis of PNEs.ResultsA total of 37.3% worked as specialists. Most of the participants (41.3%) have worked in training and research hospitals, and 44.3% have been physicians for 6–10 years. The mean and standard deviation for the total score were 10.1 ± 2.6. The scores of family physicians were statistically lower than those of specialists, subspecialty assistants, and subspecialists. A total of 67.2% left the decision of whether the patient should stop taking their medication to another clinician. 45% of the doctors said that they were uncomfortable with the diagnosis.SignificanceThe study findings emphasized the significant knowledge gap among healthcare providers regarding PNEs in children, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions to improve their understanding and diagnostic skills in this area.
Cost estimation and performance evaluation of 3D printed membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Thiam Baye Gueye , El Magri Anouar , Vaudreuil Sébastien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe membrane is a central component in the commercialization of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), with Nafion being the preferred material for those membranes. Nafion suffers however from high vanadium crossover and high cost, thus limiting its wider commercial application in VRFB. To address this, studies have focused on sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as an alternative material. This work presents an economic study on the production costs of 3D printed SPEEK (3D‐SPEEK) membranes for VRFB, with multiple production scenarios evaluated. This analysis relies on the performances of 3D‐SPEEK membranes prepared in our laboratory, which have shown higher Coulombic efficiency and lower vanadium ions diffusion than Nafion membranes. Results from the economic analysis revealed that the cost of the 3D‐SPEEK membrane varies from 567.77 to 79.35 €/m2 depending on the production scheme and scale used. Production costs lower than commercial Nafion membranes are achieved when a large production scheme is used. Further analysis shows that 3D‐SPEEK membranes might even be cheaper than conventional SPEEK membranes if their printing time is reduced.
Drying of Tarhana dough by Refractance Window™ technology under vacuum/atmospheric conditions: Characterization of physical and quality parameters
Authors: Bardakçi Merve Seçil , Karacabey Erkan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to produce dried tarhana using a refractance window drying (RWD) system. The drying process was also carried out under vacuum; the current study is the first in the literature. Using different heating mediums, the maximum temperature can be adjusted to a level above that used in RWD studies. Considering results, process time savings in RWD were over 85% and 75% compared to control groups (oven and hot air dryer), respectively. Tarhana samples dried in RWD were also faster (50%) under vacuum conditions than atmospheric ones. The highest preservation of total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) was for samples dried by RWD at 110°C under atmospheric conditions. Techno‐physical properties were better than the control group. The rheological behavior of tarhana soups was similar to pseudoplastic flow behavior and well defined by the Power law and Herschel–Bulkey models. In conclusion, RWD can be a promising technique for tarhana production.
Who makes health governance decisions at the local level? A cross sectional study from primary health facilities in Tanzania
Authors: Kesale Anosisye M. , Kinyaga Ally , Mwakasangula Eliza , Mollel Henry , Rashid Seif S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsLower‐ and middle‐income countries have decentralized decision‐making at the community level, as well as community governance structures, to encourage community participation in governance processes, particularly in primary healthcare (PHC). In Tanzania, decentralization resulted in the establishment of Health Facility Governing Committees (HFGCs) to encourage community participation in the governance of primary health facilities to improve the quality and responsiveness of health service delivery. Nonetheless, despite the presence of HFGCs, PHC delivery remains ineffective and of poor quality. It is unclear who makes governance decisions at PHC facilities to ensure that services delivered are of expected quality and respond the community's needs, tastes, and preferences. This paper aims to assess the perspectives of members of the HFGC on who make governance decision in the context of fiscal decentralization.Design and MethodsA cross‐section design was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. A four‐multistage sampling technique was adopted to selects regions, council, health facilities, and HFGC members. Respondents who participated in structured questionnaire responses were chosen using proportional sampling, whereas those who participated in in‐depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions were chosen using purposive selection. The data was analyzed descriptively and thematically.ResultsThe study revealed that HFGCs members perceive that governance decisions in primary health facilities are primarily made by the health facility management, and later are presented in HFGCs. As such, HFGCs are used a passively used to justify participation in decision that was already made by the management, which contradict with the principal of decentralization that emphasizes community participation on fiscal decisions.ConclusionDecentralization of PHC facilities does not guarantee the participation of community members in fiscal decision of their respective primary health facilities through HFGCs. HFGC is passively used governance structure to substitute community participation in primary health facilities' fiscal decisions. Enforcement mechanisms are required to facilitate effective community participation.
Challenges for influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among lactating mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in Borama District, Somaliland: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Said , Hossain Md. Moyazzem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has been demonstrated to have positive effects on a child's survival, growth, and development, as well as a mother's health and well‐being. The authors aim to examine the barriers to EBF among lactating mothers in Borama town, Somaliland, with infants aged <6 months.MethodsThe authors collected primary data on a sample of 153 lactating mothers in Borama town, Somaliland, for this study. This study used descriptive statistics with frequencies and percentages. Moreover, the multivariable logistic regression model is applied to analyze the data.ResultsFindings revealed that about 28.1% of mothers pointed out that breastfeeding should be the baby's first meal. Surprisingly, 69.3% of the women were unaware that 6 months of EBF may keep a baby healthy. Results depict that EBF was influenced by lack of education (AOR: 0.013; 95% Cl: 0.001, 0.124), marital status (AOR: 0.40; 95% Cl: 0.004, 0.427), employed mothers (AOR: 0.070; 95% Cl: 0.043, 0.94), mothers perception of milk quantity (AOR: 0.033; 95% Cl: 0.001, 0.124), and perceived rejection to breastfeeding by the baby (AOR: 0.043; 95% Cl: 0.021, 0.134). Mothers who had no formal education or a primary level of education have less chance of practicing EBF than higher‐educated mothers.ConclusionsIt is observed that the educational level of mothers, marital status (widow), employed mother, perceived insufficient milk, and the perceived rejection of breastfeeding by the baby are the major challenges for enhancing the EBF practice. The authors suggested that the Ministry of Health examine how effectively breastfeeding counseling is implemented in medical facilities. Moreover, the authors suggest that the government, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and community associations collaboratively plan and carry out suitable programs focusing on vulnerable groups.
Improving access to safe, quality surgical care for gynecologic cancers through capacity‐building interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Hill Sarah K. , Bempong‐Ahun Nefti , Okolo Isioma Dianne , Lalla Amber Trujillo , Worku Dawit , Asres Tadios , Philpotts Lisa , Fallah Parisa N. , Varallo John , Corlew Scott , Kamfwa Paul , Parham Groesbeck P. , Hicks Michael L. , Ibbotson Geoffrey , Randall Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the launch of the World Health Organization's Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, diagnosis is expected to increase, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). A well‐integrated surgical system is critical to treat cervical cancer. Two major approaches have been employed to build human capacity: task‐sharing and training of gynecologic oncologists (GynOncs).ObjectivesThis review aimed to explore existing literature on capacity‐building for surgical management of early‐stage gynecologic cancers.Search StrategyThe search strategy was registered on Open Science Framework (doi 10.17605/OSF.IO/GTRCB) and conducted on OVID Medline, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science. Search results were exported and screened in COVIDENCE.Selection CriteriaStudies published in English, Spanish, French, and/or Portuguese conducted in LMIC settings evaluating capacity building, task‐sharing, or outcomes following operation by subspecialists compared to specialists were included.Data Collection and AnalysisResults were synthesized using narrative synthesis approach with emergence of key themes by frequency.Main ResultsThe scoping review identified 18 studies spanning our themes of interest: capacity building, subspecialized versus non‐subspecialized care, and task‐shifting/−sharing.ConclusionsA multilayered approach is critical to achieve the WHO Strategy to Eliminate Cervical Cancer. Capacity‐building and task‐sharing programs demonstrate encouraging results to meet this need; nevertheless, a standardized methodology is needed to evaluate these programs, their outcomes, and cost‐effectiveness.
Maternal health and human rights impacts of Russian drug policy
Authors: Golichenko Mikhail , Chu Sandra Ka Hon , Lehman Renée 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article describes how Russian drug policy defies international ethical standards in patient care and violates the human rights of pregnant people who use drugs. While the CEDAW Committee previously found Russia to be in violation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) by failing to ensure that pregnant people have access to gender‐sensitive drug dependence treatment, to date the Committee has refused to address the role of drug criminalization in enabling this human rights violation. This article outlines the gendered impacts of Russia's punitive approach to drug use, including its detrimental effects on maternal health, and concludes by urging the CEDAW Committee to follow the approach of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the UN Chief Executives, the World Health Organization, and UNAIDS, as well as senior UN lawyers and international legal experts to assess drug criminalization critically through the prism of the CEDAW convention.
Artificial visual‐tactile perception array for enhanced memory and neuromorphic computations
Authors: He Jiaqi , Wei Ruilai , Ge Shuaipeng , Wu Wenqiang , Guo Jianchao , Tao Juan , Wang Ru , Wang Chunfeng , Pan Caofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe emulation of human multisensory functions to construct artificial perception systems is an intriguing challenge for developing humanoid robotics and cross‐modal human–machine interfaces. Inspired by human multisensory signal generation and neuroplasticity‐based signal processing, here, an artificial perceptual neuro array with visual‐tactile sensing, processing, learning, and memory is demonstrated. The neuromorphic bimodal perception array compactly combines an artificial photoelectric synapse network and an integrated mechanoluminescent layer, endowing individual and synergistic plastic modulation of optical and mechanical information, including short‐term memory, long‐term memory, paired pulse facilitation, and “learning‐experience” behavior. Sequential or superimposed visual and tactile stimuli inputs can efficiently simulate the associative learning process of “Pavlov's dog”. The fusion of visual and tactile modulation enables enhanced memory of the stimulation image during the learning process. A machine‐learning algorithm is coupled with an artificial neural network for pattern recognition, achieving a recognition accuracy of 70% for bimodal training, which is higher than that obtained by unimodal training. In addition, the artificial perceptual neuron has a low energy consumption of ∼20 pJ. With its mechanical compliance and simple architecture, the neuromorphic bimodal perception array has promising applications in large‐scale cross‐modal interactions and high‐throughput intelligent perceptions.image