bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance therapy with pantoprazole 20 mg prevents relapse of reflux oesophagitis
Authors: Escourrou  , Deprez  , Saggioro  , Geldof  , Fischer  , Maier  ,   THE EUROPEAN PANTOPRAZOLE STUDY GROUP
Published: March 2003

Background: Proton pump inhibitors can be effective as maintenance therapy in reducing the relapse rate of reflux oesophagitis at a dose lower than that used for acute healing.Patients and methods: Patients (n=396, 18–88 years old) with healed reflux oesophagitis (grade II or III before healing) were included in this multinational, prospective, parallel‐group, randomized double‐blind study. They took oral pantoprazole 20 mg (n=203) or 40 mg (n=193), once daily for up to 12 months. Scheduled endoscopies were performed at entry, after 6 and 12 months, or when symptoms of at least moderate intensity were perceived on 3 consecutive days; symptoms were assessed every 3 months. The primary efficacy parameter was the time until endoscopically proven relapse of reflux oesophagitis occurred; the secondary parameters included tolerability, safety and time until symptomatic relapse occurred.Results: Analysis was performed using the ‘all‐patients‐treated’ approach. Endoscopic relapse rates in the 20 mg group after 6 and 12 months were 16 and 29%, respectively; in the 40 mg group, they were 7 and 19%, respectively. Symptomatic relapse rates after 6 and 12 months were 14 and 21% in the 20 mg group and 10 and 17% in the 40 mg group, respectively. Pantoprazole 20 mg and 40 mg were well tolerated throughout the study; the type and frequency of adverse events reported were similar for both treatment groups.Conclusion: The 20 mg dose was proven to be ‘at least equivalent’ to the 40 mg dose with respect to endoscopic and symptomatic relapse. The 20 mg once daily dose represents an effective and safe maintenance regimen for the majority of patients with healed reflux oesophagitis.
Long‐term lansoprazole treatment for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: clinical efficacy and influence on gastric mucosa
Authors: Geboes K. , Dekker W. , Mulder C. J. J. , Nusteling K. ,   (ON BEHALF OF THE DUTCH STUDY GROUP)
Published: March 2003

Background:Long‐term acid suppression is believed to accelerate atrophic gastritis in Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients. The influence of long‐term therapy with lansoprazole has not been examined.Aim:To study the clinical and endoscopic efficacy and histological evolution of gastric mucosa during 5 years of maintenance treatment with lansoprazole, 30 mg.Methods:Seventy‐eight patients with endoscopically proven oesophagitis were followed for 5 years. Biopsies taken at the start of the study, during follow‐up and after 5 years were available for 73 patients.Results:The total endoscopic relapse rate was 14.1%. At the start of the study, 34 patients were Helicobacter pylori negative and 39 were Helicobacter pylori positive (two atrophy, 25 antral gastritis, 12 pangastritis). At 5 years, no histological changes had occurred in Helicobacter pylori‐negative patients. In the Helicobacter pylori‐positive group, 20 patients developed pangastritis, six had normal histology and one had antral gastritis. Ten of the 12 patients with pangastritis had reduced antral activity. There was no increase in intestinal metaplasia, but there was a tendency towards regression of atrophy in the antrum and towards increased atrophy in the body of the stomach.Conclusions:Maintenance treatment with lansoprazole, 30 mg, is efficacious. The development of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was not accelerated in Helicobacter pylori‐positive patients. Helicobacter pylori eradication must be considered only because of the higher cancer risk associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori‐related gastritis.
A new mesalazine foam enema (Claversal Foam) compared with a standard liquid enema in patients with active distal ulcerative colitis
Authors: Malchow H. , Gertz B. ,   THE CLAFOAM STUDY GROUP
Published: March 2003

Background:Rectally administered mesalazine (5‐aminosalicylic acid) is a recognized therapy for distal ulcerative colitis. It is frequently applied as a liquid enema. However, there are reasons (acceptability to the patient, more uniform topical dispersion and effective adhesion) to prefer a foam‐based enema.Aim:This study compared a foam enema (2 g mesalazine per day, Claversal Foam) with a standard liquid enema (4 g mesalazine per day, Salofalk enema).Methods:Patients with active distal ulcerative colitis, diagnosed according to standardized criteria, were treated for 4 weeks. The primary goal was clinical remission; endoscopic remission, histological changes, global assessment and standard safety measures were also analysed. A major subset of the patients also provided quality‐of‐life data.Results:Both foam and liquid enema gave good rates of clinical and endoscopic remission. The foam enema was shown to be as efficacious as the reference, even though the daily dose in the foam treatment contained only half as much active drug as in the reference treatment. Minor regional differences in efficacy were seen. The tolerabilities of the two formulations were comparable.Conclusions:The foam enema offers a safe, efficacious and acceptable treatment for distal ulcerative colitis.
Nomenclature for factors of the Dog Major Histocompatibility System (DLA), 1998: first report of the ISAG DLA Nomenclature Committee
Authors: Kennedy L J , Altet L , Angles J M , Barnes A , Carter S D , Francino O , Gerlach J A , Happ G M , Ollier W E R , Polvi A , Thomson W , Wagner J L 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA Nomenclature committee for Factors of the Dog Major Histocompatibility System or Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA) has been convened under the auspices of the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) to define a sequence based nomenclature for the genes of the DLA system. The remit of this committee includes:

assignment of gene names
rules for naming alleles
assignment of names to published alleles
assignment of names to new alleles
rules for acceptance of new alleles
Integration of the genetic and physical maps of the chicken macrochromosomes
Authors: Smith J , Paton I R , Bruley C K , Windsor D , Burt D W , Ponce de Leon F A , Burke D 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA large amount of genetic mapping information has been obtained in the chicken from the East Lansing, Compton and Wageningen reference populations. Physical mapping information has however, been more limited. We have mapped 14 new clones, both genetically and physically, and all 14 have been assigned to macrochromosomes. The orientation of linkage groups E01C01C11W01 (Chr 1), E06C02W02 (Chr 2), E02C03W03 (Chr 3), E05C04W04 (Chr 4), E07E34C05W05 (Chr 5), E11C10W06 (Chr 6), E45C07W07 (Chr 7) and E43C12W11 (Chr 8) has been established. Here we present integrated maps of the eight macrochromosomes and the Z chromosome of the chicken and correlate genetic with physical distances for chromosomes 1–3 and the Z sex chromosome.
A pedigree‐based study of mitochondrial d‐loop DNA sequence variation among Arabian horses
Authors: Bowling A T , Del Valle A , Bowling M 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThrough DNA sequence comparisons of a mitochondrial d‐loop hypervariable region, we investigated matrilineal diversity for Arabian horses in the United States. Sixty‐two horses were tested. From published pedigrees they traced in the maternal line to 34 mares acquired primarily in the mid to late 19th century from nomadic Bedouin tribes. Compared with the reference sequence (GenBank X79547), these samples showed 27 haplotypes with altogether 31 base substitution sites within 397 bp of sequence. Based on examination of pedigrees from a random sampling of 200 horses in current studbooks of the Arabian Horse Registry of America, we estimated that this study defined the expected mtDNA haplotypes for at least 89% of Arabian horses registered in the US. The reliability of the studbook recorded maternal lineages of Arabian pedigrees was demonstrated by haplotype concordance among multiple samplings in 14 lines. Single base differences observed within two maternal lines were interpreted as representing alternative fixations of past heteroplasmy. The study also demonstrated the utility of mtDNA sequence studies to resolve historical maternity questions without access to biological material from the horses whose relationship was in question, provided that representatives of the relevant female lines were available for comparison. The data call into question the traditional assumption that Arabian horses of the same strain necessarily share a common maternal ancestry.
Microsatellite analysis reveals substantial genetic differentiation between contemporary New World and Old World Holstein Friesian populations
Authors: Hanslik S , Harr B , Brem G , Schlötterer C 
Published: March 2003

SummaryGenotypic data from 39 microsatellite loci typed in 211 animals were used to assess the genetic differentiation between Old World and New World Holstein Friesian cattle populations. Gene diversities were similar in all five Holstein Friesian populations surveyed, ranging from 0.43 to 0.48. A tree of individuals based on the proportion of shared alleles indicated a clear distinction between Old World and New World Holstein Friesian populations. Similarly, genetic differentiation between populations, as measured byF⊂ST⊂, was highly significant. Using the split decomposition method, we were able to visualize the significant introgression of New World Holstein Friesian into European Holstein Friesian populations.
Identification and characterization of a new allele for the beta subunit of follicle‐stimulating hormone in Chinese pig breeds*
Authors: Li M D , Rohrer G A , Wise T H , Ford J J 
Published: March 2003

SummaryDuring evaluation of follicle‐stimulating hormone‐beta (FSHB) expression in anterior pituitary glands by an RNase protection assay (RPA), the expected fragment of 205 nucleotides at positions 759–963 was not detected in one boar that had moderate plasma and pituitary FSH concentrations. After subcloning and sequencing, mRNA from this boar lacked an 11‐bp fragment (5′‐CATTTGGAAAC‐3′) at nucleotide positions 807–817 of the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR, D allele). Wild‐type FSHB (WT allele) was present in pituitary RNA and genomic DNA in both Meishan (MS) and White Composite (WC) pigs; whereas the D allele was present only in MS pigs (P< 0·01; 5/6 MS vs. 0/6 WC). Also, we found the D allele in five other Chinese breeds but absent in ten American Landrace, 11 Yorkshire and 17 Berkshire pigs. Additionally, the D allele had one silent nucleotide change in the coding region plus six, single nucleotide changes in the 3′‐UTR.
Biochemical, molecular and physiological characterization of a new β‐casein variant detected in Korean Cattle
Authors: Han S K , Shin Y C , Byun H D 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThere are seven known genetic variants of bovine β‐casein (β‐CN) ‐ A1, A2, A3, B, C, D and E. In this study, we identified a new genetic variant (named β‐CN H) which migrates slower than the other variants in acidic starch gel electrophoresis. We confirmed through protein and DNA sequence analyses that the H variant differs at five residues from the A2 sequence: Arg25/Cys, Leu88/Ile, Gln117/Glu, Glu175/Gln and Gln195/Glu. Of these substitutions the 25th residue was contained in the casein phosphopeptide (CPP) region. In rats, calcium solubilizing effect of the CPP of bovine variant H was increased by ≈ 23% compared with that of the CPP of non‐H. Using extensive Korean Bos taurus pedigrees, we confirmed that β‐CN H was controlled by a codominant allele.
The genetic structure of Spanish Celtic horse breeds inferred from microsatellite data
Authors: Cañon J , Checa M L , Carleos C , Vega‐Pla J L , Vallejo M , Dunner S 
Published: March 2003

SummaryPartition of the genetic variability, genetic structure and relationships among seven Spanish Celtic horse breeds were studied using PCR amplification of 13 microsatellites on 481 random individuals. In addition, 60 thoroughbred horses were included. The average observed heterozygosity and the mean number of alleles were higher for the Atlantic horse breeds than for the Balearic Islands breeds. Only eight percentage of the total genetic variability could be attributed to differences among breeds (mean Fst ;≈ 0.08; P < 0.01). Atlantic breeds clearly form a separate cluster from the Balearic Islands breeds and among the former only two form a clear clustering, while the rest of Atlantic breeds (Jaca Navarra, Caballo Gallego and Pottoka) are not consistently differentiated. Multivariate analysis showed that Asturcon populations, Losina and Balearic Islands breeds are clearly separated from each other and from the rest of the breeds. In addition to this, the use of the microsatellites proved to be useful for breed assignment.
Genetic distinctness of African, Asian and South American local chickens
Authors: Wimmers K , Ponsuksili S , Hardge T , Valle‐Zarate A , Mathur P K , Horst P 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe genetic variability of various local chicken populations derived from Bolivia, India, Nigeria and Tanzania was evaluated with 22 microsatellites. Between two and 11 alleles per locus were detected. All populations showed high levels of heterozygosity with the lowest value of 45% for the population named Aseel from India and the highest value of 67% for Arusha from Tanzania. A dendrogram was constructed based on CHORD distance by upg ma analysis. Within this tree the populations were assorted according to their geographical origin. Bootstrapping values within the dendrogram were between 37 and 99%. The contribution of the determination of genetic variability with genetic markers to the decision on conservation and/or further use of the populations in crossbreeding programs designed to create genetic stocks with improved adaptability and productivity in tropical countries is discussed.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for stress induced alterations in porcine leukocyte numbers and functions
Authors: Edfors‐Lilja I , Wattrang E , Andersson L , Fossum C 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTo identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with effects on ‘stress’ induced alterations of porcine immune functions, a number of immune capacity traits were analysed in the F2 generation of a Wild Boar ‐ Yorkshire intercross. All traits were measured prior, and one day after, exposure to experimental ‘stress’ (mixing and transport). The ‘stress’ protocol induced a decrease in numbers of circulating neutrophils and in spontaneous proliferation in vitro, whereas phagocytic capacity, mitogen induced proliferation and spontaneous IL‐2 activity increased. The IFN‐α production tended to decrease, although the individual variation was pronounced. More than 200 genetic markers have been scored in the entire pedigree and were used to trace the inheritance of individual chromosome segments. Wild Boar alleles were on average associated with higher mitogen induced IL‐2 activity and a slightly lower decrease in IFN‐α production after mixing and transport. Four QTLs with significant effects were identified; one influencing ‘stress’ induced alteration in numbers of neutrophils (chromosome 8), one influencing spontaneous proliferation after ‘stress’ (chromosome 2), one influencing mitogen induced IL‐2 activity after ‘stress’ (chromosome 6) and one influencing ‘stress’ induced alterations in mitogen induced IL‐2 activity (chromosome 12). In addition, several suggestive QTLs were indicated.
Sequence and transfection of BoLA‐DRB3 cDNAs
Authors: Russell G C , Fraser D C , Craigmile S , Oliver R A , Dutia B M , Glass E J 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBovine MHC (BoLA‐) DRB3 alleles encoded by the DH8A, DH22A and DH24A class II haplotypes were cloned from cDNA and characterized by sequence analysis. Comparison with other full‐length DRB3 sequences suggested that DRB3 alleles may have evolved through multiple lineages. All three BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were shown to express on the surface of transfected cells, and the transfectants were used to define or confirm the class II specificity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies.
Evolution of the ovine MHC DQA region
Authors: J G H Hickford , H J Ridgway , A P Escayg 
Published: March 2003

SummarySouthern hybridisation was used to define an apparent gene duplication event at the ovine DQA2 locus. Approximately 500 sheep from five different breeds were genotyped at their DQA1 and DQA2 loci. A subset of these were selected for further characterisation. Southern hybridisation of TaqI digested DNA revealed no DQA1 region in some sheep. It was also noted in these DQA1 null animals the DQA2 specific probe hybridised to two bands. An EcoRV‐RFLP designed to distinguish copy number confirmed this duplication of the DQA2 region. The results showed that the duplication was exclusively associated with the DQA1 null haplotype and occured only in alleles DQA2‐F, ‐G, ‐I and ‐J. Comparison with bovine MHC genes revealed that they also contained a DQA1 null haplotype and that this haplotype was associated with a putative DQA3 gene. The potential for an ovine DQA3 locus is discussed.
Identification of a premature stop codon in the melanocyte‐stimulating hormone receptor gene (MC1R) in Labrador and Golden retrievers with yellow coat colour
Authors: Everts R E , Rothuizen J , van Oost B A 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe have examined whether black/yellow coat colour in Labrador retrievers is controlled by allelic variants at the extension locus. As the gene encoding the melanocyte‐stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) has been shown to correspond to the extension locus in several species, we have determined the genomic MC1R sequence in Labrador retrievers with black and with yellow coat colour. Using primers based on the fox (Vulpes vulpes) MC1R sequence we initially isolated and sequenced the innerpart of the canine MC1R. By means of inverse PCR we succeeded in the characterization of both flanking regions of the MC1R gene (Genbank: AF064455). Comparison of the complete MC1R sequences of a yellow and a black Labrador retriever revealed a single C→T mutation at nucleotide position 916 in the yellow dog. This transition changed the codon for arginine at position 305 into a stop codon, resulting in the elimination of the evolutionary strongly conserved 10 carboxyterminal amino acid residues. With an allele‐specific‐oligonucleotide (ASO) test it was shown that the mutation cosegregated with the recessively inherited yellow coat colour in the Labrador retriever. Golden retrievers also appeared to be homozygous for the mutation. Seventeen other breeds were all negative for the mutation. Since the Labrador and Golden retriever are closely related, we suggest a common founder for the yellow coat colour in Labrador and Golden retrievers.
Autosomal dominant retinal dystrophy (Rdy) in Abyssinian cats: exclusion of PDE6G and ROM1 and likely exclusion of Rhodopsin as candidate genes
Authors: Gould D. J. , Sargan D. R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryRetinal dystrophy (Rdy) is an autosomal dominant photoreceptor dysplasia of Abyssinian cats and a model for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) in man. We have pursued a candidate gene approach in the search for the causal mutation in Rdy. The genes RHO (encoding rhodopsin), ROM1 (encoding the structural retinal outer‐membrane protein‐1) and PDE6G (encoding the γ subunit of the visual transduction protein cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐phosphodiesterase) were polymerase chain reaction‐amplified from normal feline genomic DNA. Leader, coding and 3′ untranslated regions of each gene, and parts of introns were sequenced. Single‐stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of Rdy‐affected and normal cats was used to identify intragenic polymorphisms within ROM1 and PDE6G. DNA sequencing of all three genes in Rdy‐affected cats was used to confirm results from SSCP. For both ROM1 and PDE6G polymorphisms identified by SSCP and sequencing showed disconcordance between the polymorphism and the disease phenotype within an Rdy disease pedigree. SSCP analysis of RHO performed across the 5′ untranslated region, the entire coding sequence and the intron/exon boundaries in Rdy‐affected and control cats failed to identify any intragenic polymorphisms that could be used for linkage analysis. DNA sequencing of these regions showed no differences between Rdy‐affected and control cats. Mutations in ROM1 or in PDE6G are not causative of feline Rdy. The absence of potentially pathogenic polymorphisms in sequenced portions of the RHO gene makes it unlikely that a mutation in this gene is the cause of Rdy.
Within‐breed heterozygosity of canine single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by across‐breed comparison
Authors: Brouillette J. A. , Venta P. J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIdentification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by DNA sequence comparison across breeds is a strategy for developing genetic markers that are useful for many breeds. However, the heterozygosity of SNPs identified in this way might be severely reduced within breeds by inbreeding or genetic drift in the small effective population size of a breed (population subdivision). The effect of inbreeding and population subdivision on heterozygosity of SNPs in dog breeds has never been investigated in a systematic way. We determined the genotypes of dogs from three divergent breeds for SNPs in four canine genes (ACTC, LMNA, SCGB, and TYMS) identified by across‐breed DNA sequence comparison, and compared the genotype frequencies to those expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Although population subdivision significantly skewed allele frequencies across breeds for two of the SNPs, the deviations of observed heterozygosities compared with those expected within breeds were minimal. These results indicate that across‐breed DNA sequence comparison is a reasonable strategy for identifying SNPs that are useful within many canine breeds.
Polymorphisms in MHC‐DRAand ‐DRBalleles of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) reveal different features from cattleDRalleles
Authors: Sena L. , Schneider M. P. C. , Brenig B. , Honeycutt R. L. , Womack J. E. , Skow L. C. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySeventy‐five individuals ofBubalus bubalisbelonging to four different breeds, three of river buffalo and one of swamp buffalo, were studied for polymorphism in MHCDRB(Bubu‐DRB) andDRA(Bubu‐DRA) loci. Eight alleles ofBubu‐DRBwere found, and all alleles in the swamp type were shared with the three river breeds. All alleles sampled from the breed of European origin (Mediterranean) were present in breeds sampled in Brazil, thus variability of this locus may have been preserved to a great extent in the more recently founded Brazilian population.Bubu‐DRBalleles contained higher proportions of synonymous vs. non‐synonymous substitutions in the non‐peptide‐binding sites (PBS) region, in contrast to the pattern of variation found inBoLA‐DRB3, the orthologous locus in cattle. This indicated that either the first domain exon (exon 2) ofBubu‐DRBhas not undergone as much recombination and/or gene conversion as in cattle alleles, orBubu‐DRBmay be more ancient thanBoLA‐DRB3alleles. Phylogenetic analysis ofDRBalleles fromBubalus,Syncerus c. caffer, the Cape buffalo, and domestic cattle demonstrated transspecies polymorphism. Water buffalo contained two alleles ofDRAthat differed from each other in two amino acid positions, including one in the PBS (α22) that was also shared withAnoa depressicornis, the anoa. Discovery of variation inDRAwas surprising as the first domain of DRA is a highly conserved polypeptide in mammals in general and especially in ruminants, where no other substitution in PBS was seen.