bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spicy food consumption reduces the risk of ischaemic stroke: a prospective study
Authors: Li Jiale , Xie Changping , Lan Jian , Tan Jinxue , Tan Xiaoping , Chen Ningyu , Wei Liuping , Liang Jiajia , Pan Rong , Zhu Tingping , Pei Pei , Sun Dianjianyi , Su Li , Zhou Lifang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Previous studies revealed that consuming spicy food reduced mortality from CVD and lowered stroke risk. However, no studies reported the relationship between spicy food consumption, stroke types and dose–response. This study aimed to further explore the association between the frequency of spicy food intake and the risk of stroke in a large prospective cohort study. In this study, 50 174 participants aged 30–79 years were recruited. Spicy food consumption data were collected via a baseline survey questionnaire. Outcomes were incidence of any stroke, ischaemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (HS). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association between the consumption of spicy food and incident stroke. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to examine the dose–response relationship. During the median 10·7-year follow-up, 3967 strokes were recorded, including 3494 IS and 516 HS. Compared with those who never/rarely consumed spicy food, those who consumed spicy food monthly, 1–2 d/week and 3–5 d/week had hazard ratio (HR) of 0·914 (95 % CI 0·841, 0·995), 0·869 (95 % CI 0·758, 0·995) and 0·826 (95 % CI 0·714, 0·956) for overall stroke, respectively. For IS, the corresponding HR) were 0·909 (95 % CI 0·832, 0·994), 0·831 (95 % CI 0·718, 0·962) and 0·813 (95 % CI 0·696, 0·951), respectively. This protective effect showed a U-shaped dose–response relationship. For obese participants, consuming spicy food ≥ 3 d/week was negatively associated with the risk of IS. We found the consumption of spicy food was negatively associated with the risk of IS and had a U-shaped dose–response relationship with risk of IS. Individuals who consumed spicy food 3–5 d/week had a significantly lowest risk of IS.
Variation of subclinical psychosis across 16 sites in Europe and Brazil: findings from the multi-national EU-GEI study
Authors: D'Andrea Giuseppe , Quattrone Diego , Malone Kathryn , Tripoli Giada , Trotta Giulia , Spinazzola Edoardo , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Jongsma Hannah E , Sideli Lucia , Stilo Simona A , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Tortelli Andrea , Velthorst Eva , de Haan Lieuwe , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Rossi Menezes Paulo , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Bobes Julio , Sanjuán Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Arango Celso , Kirkbride James B , Jones Peter B , Rutten Bart P , Van Os Jim , Selten Jean-Paul , Vassos Evangelos , Schürhoff Franck , Szöke Andrei , Pignon Baptiste , O'Donovan Michael , Richards Alexander , Morgan Craig , Di Forti Marta , Tarricone Ilaria , Murray Robin M 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of first-episode psychosis (FEP) varies substantially across geographic regions. Phenotypes of subclinical psychosis (SP), such as psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and schizotypy, present several similarities with psychosis. We aimed to examine whether SP measures varied across different sites and whether this variation was comparable with FEP incidence within the same areas. We further examined contribution of environmental and genetic factors to SP.MethodsWe used data from 1497 controls recruited in 16 different sites across 6 countries. Factor scores for several psychopathological dimensions of schizotypy and PLEs were obtained using multidimensional item response theory models. Variation of these scores was assessed using multi-level regression analysis to estimate individual and between-sites variance adjusting for age, sex, education, migrant, employment and relational status, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. In the final model we added local FEP incidence as a second-level variable. Association with genetic liability was examined separately.ResultsSchizotypy showed a large between-sites variation with up to 15% of variance attributable to site-level characteristics. Adding local FEP incidence to the model considerably reduced the between-sites unexplained schizotypy variance. PLEs did not show as much variation. Overall, SP was associated with younger age, migrant, unmarried, unemployed and less educated individuals, cannabis use, and childhood adversity. Both phenotypes were associated with genetic liability to schizophrenia.ConclusionsSchizotypy showed substantial between-sites variation, being more represented in areas where FEP incidence is higher. This supports the hypothesis that shared contextual factors shape the between-sites variation of psychosis across the spectrum.
‘Not so much thought out as danced out’: expanding philosophy of religion in the light of Candomblé
Authors: Burley Mikel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen the anthropologist R. R. Marett affirmed that certain forms of religion are ‘not so much thought out as danced out’ (1914, xxxi), he was, in effect, anticipating a criticism that has been levelled at philosophy of religion in recent decades – namely, the criticism that this branch of philosophy has frequently underplayed the extent to which religions often prioritize ritual activities (including dance) over intellectual matters. Taking Marett's observation as a point of departure, this article reflects philosophically on the Afro-Brazilian tradition of Candomblé as an exemplary case. Special attention is given to the themes of (a) dance as a mode of ‘gestural language’ (Wafer 1991, 178) and (b) ‘embodied knowledge’ (Daniel 2005). It is argued that these themes supply opportunities to enrich our understanding not only of a significant dimension of religion – that is, the dimension of dance – but also of what communication and knowledge can amount to in both religious and non-religious contexts.
Knuth–Morris–Pratt illustrated
Authors: MOY CAMERON 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Knuth–Morris–Pratt (KMP) algorithm for string search is notoriously difficult to understand. Lost in a sea of index arithmetic, most explanations of KMP obscure its essence. This paper constructs KMP incrementally, using pictures to illustrate each step. The end result is easier to comprehend. Additionally, the derivation uses only elementary functional programming techniques.
Population status of the endemic Pitcairn Reed Warbler Acrocephalus vaughani on Pitcairn Island, South Pacific
Authors: Oppel Steffen , Eisler Robert , Aspey Nik 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Reed warblers are widespread throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australasia, and many species undertake long seasonal migrations. By contrast, other species of the genus Acrocephalus are sedentary and endemic to single oceanic islands. The Pitcairn Reed Warbler Acrocephalus vaughani is confined to the small volcanic island of Pitcairn in the South Pacific Ocean, and no population assessments have ever been conducted for this species. Due to its restricted range, the presence of invasive species, and the loss of natural habitat, the species is considered as globally “Endangered”, but its actual conservation status is entirely speculative. We conducted transect surveys and nest monitoring in the austral summer of 2022/23 and present abundance estimates for the species. We counted between 51 and 158 reed warblers along 54 transects that were each 100 m long and covered all habitats and roughly 13% of the vegetated island area. Using binomial mixture models accounting for imperfect detection and habitat variation in abundance, we estimated that Pitcairn may hold 1,568 (95% confidence interval 812–3,237) Pitcairn Reed Warblers, and that the species appeared to be most abundant in introduced Rose Apple Syzygium jambos stands. Based on the monitoring of 49 nests, of which only four failed to fledge any young, we estimated that Mayfield nest survival rate was 0.69 and estimated productivity was 1.07 (± 0.39 standard deviation) fledglings per nest. Assuming that Pitcairn Reed Warblers have similar annual survival probabilities as other island reed warblers, the productivity appears sufficient to maintain the population and there is no indication that the species has decreased significantly over the past three generations. Given the limited extent of occurrence, and the stable current population size between 442 and 2,774 mature individuals, we recommend that the global conservation status of the Pitcairn Reed Warbler be classified as “Vulnerable”.
“Quality of life” analysis in the long-term follow-up after “Fontan” palliation for CHDs—a single-centre experience
Authors: Brosig Susann , Wagner Robert , Twal Rabie , Meier Sabine , Vollroth Marcel , Markel Franziska , Dähnert Ingo , Kostelka Martin , Paech Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground:Complex CHDs are life threatening, and surgical treatment is needed for survival. Fontan palliation led to a significant increase in survival rates during the last decades. Consequently, quality of life became more essential. While a reduced quality of life compared to healthy children has been reported, detailed knowledge about individual quality of life and particular areas is lacking. Furthermore, the effect of different risk factors on quality of life is only rarely evaluated.Method and Results:Database of the department for pediatric cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, was screened for children after total cavopulmonary connection palliation. n = 39 patients were included in the study, the outcome after total cavopulmonary connection was analysed in detail and quality of life data were collected and analysed using the standardised questionnaire “Pediatric quality of life inventory”, version 4.0. We compared the total health score of our patients to the mean score of healthy children in the literature. The mean follow-up time was 6.4 ± 3.2 years, the overall survival was 100% after maximal follow-up time of 11.1 years. We could not find any age or gender dependence, nor an influence of age at total cavopulmonary connection on the later quality of life. Yet, patients with three-staged surgery exhibited a worse quality of life than patients with two-staged palliation. Late complications might influence quality of life, but patient number is too small, to find universal results.Conclusion:The total cavopulmonary connection palliation affects physical and psychological quality of life as well as cardiac health independently from age and gender. More patients and longer observation should be examined to confirm the results.
A Rapid, Simple, and Low‐Blank Pumped Ion‐Exchange Column Chromatography Technique for Boron Purification From Carbonate and Seawater Matrices
Authors: Xu Chen , Jurikova Hana , Nuber Sophie , Steele Robert C. J. , Trudgill Molly , Barker Stephen , Lear Caroline H. , Burke Andrea , Rae James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBoron isotope ratios (δ11B) are used across the Earth Sciences and are increasing analyzed by Multi‐Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC‐ICPMS). Accurate δ11B MC‐ICPMS analysis requires boron purification from the sample matrix using ion‐exchange column chromatography. However, the traditional gravity‐drip column method is time‐consuming and prone to airborne contamination due to its long duration and open resin surface. To address these issues, we designed a novel, simple, and reliable column chromatography technique called “peri‐columns.” This method uses a peristaltic pump to generate vacuum on a commonly used column set up. This method uses sealed collection beakers and does not require solutions to pass through pump tubing, minimizing contamination. The duration is reduced by eight‐fold, processing 12 samples in just 1.5 hr. It also yields low and consistent total procedural blanks, averaging 11 pg. The efficiency and efficacy of this method were tested by repeated boron purification from calcium carbonate and high‐sodium matrices with international and in‐house reference materials. The results matched those obtained using the gravity column method and fell within our laboratory long‐term and international certified values. The mean δ11B and 2SD (standard deviation) of repeatedly processed NIST 8301f were 14.57 ± 0.26‰ (n = 31), NIST 8301c was 24.19 ± 0.33‰ (n = 10), STAiG‐F1 was 16.20 ± 0.26‰ (n = 13), and seawater was 39.52 ± 0.32‰ (n = 10). All the components of our techniques are commercially available, and it is easily adaptable to other laboratories and isotope systems.
Identification of Shortcomings in Simulating the Subseasonal Reversal of the Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia Pattern
Authors: Xu Tianbao , Yin Zhicong , Zhang Yijia , Zhou Botao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubseasonal reversal of warm Arctic–cold Eurasia (SR‐WACE) pattern has significant impacts on transitions of weather and climate extremes in Eurasia. This study explored the performances of climate models to simulate the main features of SR‐WACE. For real‐time predictions, most of the state‐of‐the‐art climate models showed limited ability to accurately forecast SR‐WACE in advance. Furthermore, most of the historical simulations from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) had also difficulties in well simulating the SR‐WACE. Further exploration showed that the simultaneous reversal of the Ural blocking high (UB) and Siberian high (SH) is the key atmospheric driver of the SR‐WACE occurrences, which were verified by both of the real‐time predictions and historical simulations. Our results implied that the simulation of SR‐WACE was a huge challenge and the critical solutions included improving simulation of subseasonal reversals of UB and SH in the atmosphere.
Power Spectra and Diurnal Variation of Low‐Level Horizontal Winds Observed by a Wind Profiler Radar Network Over China
Authors: Wang Yinjun , Zeng Xubin , Xu Xiangde , Galarneau Thomas J. , Li Feng , Zhao Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the diurnal variation of horizontal wind in the atmospheric boundary layer is important for weather and climate research and wind energy applications. Here we analyze the hourly data from 91 wind profiler radar sites in China and observe that the power spectral density of horizontal wind in lower troposphere approximately follows the −5/3 power law in the mesoscale range over the ocean and coastal areas. However, in inland areas, the slopes of the power spectra are significantly greater than −5/3. We characterize the temporal and spatial variations of maximum wind speed and low level jets and find that the thermal wind effect may partially contribute to the high percentage of low‐level jets observed in the southeastern coast of China and Hainan Island. While the ERA5 reanalysis reproduces wind spectrum well for time scales >1 day, its spectrum diverges significantly from that of profiler data at shorter time scales.
Statistical Study on the Azimuthal Mode Number of Pc5 ULF Wave in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Tong Xin , Liu Wenlong , Zhang Dianjun , Sarris Theodore , Li Xinlin , Zhang Zhao , Yan Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe azimuthal mode number, m, of ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves is a significant contributing factor for radiation belt electron energization, because it determines the conditions for resonant interaction between waves and particles. Based on multi‐point magnetic field measurements of GOES satellites from January to September of 2011, we statistically analyze the distributions of the characteristics of m of Pc5 ULF waves. In the dayside, the local peaks in the distributions of wave power spectra density locate at ∼10 and ∼13 MLT for m < 0 (westward propagation) and m > 0 (eastward propagation) waves respectively, suggesting the waves generally propagate anti‐sunward. In the nightside, the local peaks are at 22–23 MLT for both m < 0 and m > 0 waves, suggesting possible relation to substorm activities. Further investigation shows that, with increasing solar wind activities, the enhancements of dayside peaks are primarily contributed by |m| ≤ 3 waves, whereas the enhancements of nightside peak are contributed by both |m| ≤ 3 and |m| > 3 waves. With increasing AE index, the enhancements are more significant for the nightside peaks comparing to dayside peaks, and for |m| > 3 waves comparing to |m| ≤ 3 waves. The results of this study provide inputs for further investigation on the radial diffusion coefficient of radiation belt electrons with considering mode number information.
Vectorial adaptive optics: expanding the frontiers of optical correction
Authors: Zhang Qiming , Gu Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearchers at the University of Oxford have introduced a groundbreaking technique called vectorial adaptive optics (V-AO), which extends the capabilities of traditional adaptive optics to correct for both polarization and phase aberrations. This novel approach opens new possibilities for manipulating the complex vectorial field in optical systems, enabling higher-dimensional feedback correction.
Necroptosis does not drive disease pathogenesis in a mouse infective model of SARS-CoV-2 in vivo
Authors: M. Bader Stefanie , Cooney James P. , Bhandari Reet , Mackiewicz Liana , Dayton Merle , Sheerin Dylan , Georgy Smitha Rose , Murphy James M. , Davidson Kathryn C. , Allison Cody C. , Pellegrini Marc , Doerflinger Marcel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNecroptosis, a type of lytic cell death executed by the pseudokinase Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL) has been implicated in the detrimental inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We minimally and extensively passaged a single clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolate to create models of mild and severe disease in mice allowing us to dissect the role of necroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 disease pathogenesis. We infected wild-type and MLKL-deficient mice and found no significant differences in viral loads or lung pathology. In our model of severe COVID-19, MLKL-deficiency did not alter the host response, ameliorate weight loss, diminish systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, or prevent lethality in aged animals. Our in vivo models indicate that necroptosis is dispensable in the pathogenesis of mild and severe COVID-19.
VEXAS syndrome is characterized by inflammasome activation and monocyte dysregulation
Authors: Kosmider Olivier , Possémé Céline , Templé Marie , Corneau Aurélien , Carbone Francesco , Duroyon Eugénie , Breillat Paul , Chirayath Twinu-Wilson , Oules Bénédicte , Sohier Pierre , Luka Marine , Gobeaux Camille , Lazaro Estibaliz , Outh Roderau , Le Guenno Guillaume , Lifermann François , Berleur Marie , Le Mene Melchior , Friedrich Chloé , Lenormand Cédric , Weitten Thierry , Guillotin Vivien , Burroni Barbara , Boussier Jeremy , Willems Lise , Aractingi Selim , Dionet Léa , Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Vergier Béatrice , Raynaud Pierre , Ea Hang-Korng , Ménager Mickael , Duffy Darragh , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcquired mutations in the UBA1 gene were recently identified in patients with severe adult-onset auto-inflammatory syndrome called VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic). However, the precise physiological and clinical impact of these mutations remains poorly defined. Here we study a unique prospective cohort of VEXAS patients. We show that monocytes from VEXAS are quantitatively and qualitatively impaired and display features of exhaustion with aberrant expression of chemokine receptors. In peripheral blood from VEXAS patients, we identify an increase in circulating levels of many proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18 which reflect inflammasome activation and markers of myeloid cells dysregulation. Gene expression analysis of whole blood confirms these findings and also reveals a significant enrichment of TNF-α and NFκB signaling pathways that can mediate cell death and inflammation. This study suggests that the control of the nflammasome activation and inflammatory cell death could be therapeutic targets in VEXAS syndrome.
Mask-inspired moisture-transmitting and durable thermochromic perovskite smart windows
Authors: Liu Sai , Li Yang , Wang Ying , Du Yuwei , Yu Kin Man , Yip Hin-Lap , Jen Alex K. Y. , Huang Baoling , Tso Chi Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThermochromic perovskite smart windows (TPWs) are a cutting-edge energy-efficient window technology. However, like most perovskite-based devices, humidity-related degradation limits their widespread application. Herein, inspired by the structure of medical masks, a unique triple-layer thermochromic perovskite window (MTPW) that enable sufficient water vapor transmission to trigger the thermochromism but effectively repel detrimental water and moisture to extend its lifespan is developed. The MTPW demonstrates superhydrophobicity and maintains a solar modulation ability above 20% during a 45-day aging test, with a decay rate 37 times lower than that of a pristine TPW. It can also immobilize lead ions and significantly reduce lead leakage by 66 times. Furthermore, a significant haze reduction from 90% to 30% is achieved, overcoming the blurriness problem of TPWs. Benefiting from the improved optical performance, extended lifespan, suppressed lead leakage, and facile fabrication, the MTPW pushes forward the wide applications of smart windows in green buildings.
A fast ceramic mixed OH−/H+ ionic conductor for low temperature fuel cells
Authors: Zou Peimiao , Iuga Dinu , Ling Sanliang , Brown Alex J. , Chen Shigang , Zhang Mengfei , Han Yisong , Fortes A. Dominic , Howard Christopher M. , Tao Shanwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLow temperature ionic conducting materials such as OH− and H+ ionic conductors are important electrolytes for electrochemical devices. Here we show the discovery of mixed OH−/H+ conduction in ceramic materials. SrZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ exhibits a high ionic conductivity of approximately 0.01 S cm−1 at 90 °C in both water and wet air, which has been demonstrated by direct ammonia fuel cells. Neutron diffraction confirms the presence of OD bonds in the lattice of deuterated SrZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ. The OH− ionic conduction of CaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ in water was demonstrated by electrolysis of both H218O and D2O. The ionic conductivity of CaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ in 6 M KOH solution is around 0.1 S cm−1 at 90 °C, 100 times higher than that in pure water, indicating increased OH− ionic conductivity with a higher concentration of feed OH− ions. Density functional theory calculations suggest the diffusion of OH− ions relies on oxygen vacancies and temporarily formed hydrogen bonds. This opens a window to discovering new ceramic ionic conducting materials for near ambient temperature fuel cells, electrolysers and other electrochemical devices.
Omicron Spike confers enhanced infectivity and interferon resistance to SARS-CoV-2 in human nasal tissue
Authors: Shi Guoli , Li Tiansheng , Lai Kin Kui , Johnson Reed F. , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Compton Alex A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOmicron emerged following COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, displaced previous SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern worldwide, and gave rise to lineages that continue to spread. Here, we show that Omicron exhibits increased infectivity in primary adult upper airway tissue relative to Delta. Using recombinant forms of SARS-CoV-2 and nasal epithelial cells cultured at the liquid-air interface, we show that mutations unique to Omicron Spike enable enhanced entry into nasal tissue. Unlike earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2, our findings suggest that Omicron enters nasal cells independently of serine transmembrane proteases and instead relies upon metalloproteinases to catalyze membrane fusion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this entry pathway unlocked by Omicron Spike enables evasion from constitutive and interferon-induced antiviral factors that restrict SARS-CoV-2 entry following attachment. Therefore, the increased transmissibility exhibited by Omicron in humans may be attributed not only to its evasion of vaccine-elicited adaptive immunity, but also to its superior invasion of nasal epithelia and resistance to the cell-intrinsic barriers present therein.