bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of The Thickness of Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap in Different Fascial Planes: Clinical Results of Subfascial and Superficial Fat Flap
Authors: Tuluy Yavuz , Bali Zülfükar Ulaş , Ünsal Merve Özkaya , Parspancı Aziz , Yoleri Levent , Çiçek Çağla , Filinte Gaye Taylan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a preferred option in the reconstruction of a wide variety of defects, enabling multiple tissue components and thicknesses.
Methods This study was conducted to investigate the correlation of the thickness of the traditional subfascial ALT flap and superficial fat flap with age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). A total of 42 patients (28 males and 14 females) were included in the study.
Results Mean age was 50.2 (range, 16–75) years and mean BMI was 24.68 ± 4.02 (range, 16.5–34.7) kg/m2. The subfascial flap thickness was significantly thinner in male patients (16.07 ± 2.77 mm) than in female patients (24.07 ± 3.93 mm; p < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between male (4.28 ± 1.15 mm) and female patients (4.85 ± 1.09 mm) regarding superficial fat flap thickness (p = 0.13). The thickness of both flaps had a positive correlation with BMI, and the strongest correlation was found for subfascial ALT thickness in female patients (r = 0.81). Age had no effect on both flap thickness measurements. The anterior thigh is thicker in women than in men, although it varies according to BMI. This shows that flap elevation is important in the superthin plane, especially if a thin flap is desired in female patients in defect reconstruction with the ALT flap. Thus, a single-stage reconstruction is achieved without the need for a defatting procedure after subfascial dissection or a second defatting procedure 3 to 6 months later.
Conclusion The appropriate ALT flap plane should be selected considering the gender and BMI of the patient.
Pill Esophagitis: Clinical and Endoscopic Profile
Authors: Pemmada Vikas , Shetty Athish , Murali Megha , Shetty Shiran , Musunuri Balaji , Rajpurohit Siddheesh , Bhat Ganesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Medications can rarely cause esophageal injury and present with acute symptoms. Multiple factors, including the type of medication, comorbidity, and method of ingestion play a role in causing drug-induced or pill esophagitis (PE). We analyzed the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological profiles of PE cases at our gastroenterology outpatient clinic.
Methods Medical records of PE cases were reviewed retrospectively over a period of 5 years at a tertiary care hospital in India from May 2017 to May 2022. The data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.
Results A total of 30 patients diagnosed with PE were involved in the study. A slight male preponderance of 56.7% was noted with a mean age of 40.7 years. Odynophagia was the dominant symptom (70%) with a mean duration of symptoms of 5.63 days. The most common location was at the mid-esophagus (80%) followed by the lower esophagus (10%). The majority (56.7%; 17/30) had over-the-counter (OTC) drug consumption, followed by doxycycline (33.3%; 10/30). Kissing ulcers were seen in 30% of the subjects; 90% of the patients received a combination of proton pump inhibitors and sucralfate suspension for 2 weeks along with discontinuation of the causative drug, with a 96.7% resolution rate.
Conclusion OTC medication and antibiotics such as doxycycline are the leading cause of PE. Prompt recognition and discontinuation of the causative drug are crucial in preventing complications. Patient education is vital in preventing PE regarding the usage of OTC medicines in developing countries.
Effective mass regulating of α-PbSe under pressure
Authors: Cheng Jiaen , You Cun , Wang Lu , Wang Xinglin , Zhao Wei , Wang Dianzhen , Qu Xin , Zhou Qiang , Tao Qiang , Dong Shushan , Zhu Pingwen 
Published: December 2023

High pressure is an effective means to optimize the thermoelectric (TE) performance by sharply improving the electrical properties of materials. Studying the carrier effective mass (m*) is a feasible way to uncover the basic reason for superior electrical properties under high pressure. However, it is still difficult to obtain the m* under pressure in experiments. Thus, in this work, the m* of α-PbSe (Fm3̄m) under high pressure is calculated by band dispersion relation based on the density functional theory. It is found that the high pressure decreases m* of α-PbSe, which is the cause for excellent electrical properties. Moreover, the isotropy of m* enhances with the increase in the pressure, which means the high pressure further optimizes the isotropy of the carrier migration in the structure. It is reveled that the higher the pressure, the more beneficial to improve the electrical properties of α-PbSe, thus optimizing the TE performance before the phase transition pressure (4.5 GPa). This work is of great significance for exploring the mechanism of in situ high-pressure TE properties in the future, as well as the prediction and selection of high-performance TE materials under high pressure.
Tadpole cosmology: Milne solution as a cosmological constant hideout
Authors: Appleby Stephen , Bernardo Reginald Christian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dynamical cancellation frameworks present a potential means of mitigating the effect of a large vacuum energy, that would otherwise ruin the late-time, low energy dynamics of the Universe. Certain models in the literature, such as the Fab Four and Well Tempering, realize this idea by introducing some degeneracy in the dynamical equations. In this paper, we introduce a third potential route to self-tuning, and infer the existence of a new, exact Milne solution in the simplest tadpole plus cubic-Galileon scalar-tensor theory. We study the dynamics of the scalar field and metric in the vicinity of the Milne coordinate singularity, and find that the vacuum solution belongs to a more general family of Milne-like metrics. By numerically evolving the field equations for a range of initial conditions, we show that the Milne solution is not an attractor, and varying the initial scalar field data can lead to completely different asymptotic states; exponential growth of the scale factor, a static non-spatially flat metric or a severe finite-time instability in the scalar field and metric. We generalise the Milne solution to a class of FLRW spacetimes, finding that the tadpole-cubic Galileon model admits perfect-fluid-like solutions in the presence of matter. Finally, we present a second Horndeski model which also admits an exact Milne solution, hinting at the existence of a larger undiscovered model space containing vacuum-energy-screened solutions.
Rethinking building envelope design: Machine learning approaches to evaluate its impact on indoor ozone exposures
Authors: Ma N , Zhang Q , Braham W W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ozone is widely recognized as an ambient air contaminant that causes acute and chronic health effects. However, there is a limited number of studies investigating indoor exposures to ozone in occupied houses and linking design variables to the predictive power of indoor ozone levels. This study focuses on typical envelope airflow paths used in residences in the Philadelphia area in the United States. The model development draws from the field data, including indoor and outdoor ozone concentration, environmental parameters, and building characteristics from four building envelopes. Five machine learning algorithms (i.e., support vector machine, lasso regression, random forest, Bayesian bridge regression, and gradient boosting) are employed, with indoor ozone concentration as the dependent variable, as it indicates how the hot and sunny weather that might lead to the possibility of indoor air quality (IAQ) alerts due to ozone. The results showed that gradient boosting model based on all field measurements had the highest R-squared value of 0.974 and low enough root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) which are 1.182 and 0.788, respectively. We conclude that indoor ozone forecasting model based on inputting environmental survey (ES) in addition to either design variables or indoor environment characteristics can effectively predict and can therefore be used at the building design phase to improve healthy living environments.
Experimental study of the performance of a novel solution with double skin façade and diffuse ceiling ventilation
Authors: Zhang C , Hu Y , Larsen O , Larsen T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In Denmark, about 80% of public schools were built before 1980, and most of them are with the Energy label D or lower. In addition, more than 60% of schools suffer from poor air quality and thermal comfort. The need for school renovation is undeniable. A novel renovation solution was proposed recently by combining double-skin façade (DSF) and diffuse ceiling ventilation (DCV). The integrated system can adapt its operating modes based on indoor and outdoor conditions. The performance of the above-mentioned solution was tested in a small-scale classroom and compared to a reference room with the traditional renovation solution. The results show that the novel solution was able to provide better indoor comfort than the traditional solution. Although significant overheating was observed in both rooms, the novel solution showed promise in mitigating the maximum operative temperature and shifting the peak hour. In terms of energy efficiency, the novel solution optimized the utilization of natural sources. The DSF was able to recover the transmission loss through the glazing and capture the heat gain by solar radiation. The heat recovery rate reached 1 when the solar radiation was strong.
A framework to generate local spectral skies for spectral daylight simulations
Authors: Balakrishnan Priji , Knoop Martine , Doppler Lionel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Spectral daylight simulations are becoming increasingly important in predicting non-visual responses to light and more accurate daylight colour and temporal patterns. However, the availability of locally measured spectral sky data is limited and current spectral sky models do not capture the local colour variability of skies. This paper presents a novel framework for generating high-accuracy, location-specific spectral sky data using typically measured atmospheric data at meteorological stations as inputs to physics-based radiative transfer programs like libRadtran. A comparison of measured and simulated data across the year demonstrates that using location-specific atmospheric profiles leads to significantly more accurate predictions of irradiances, spectral global and direct irradiances, and better captures the variability of clear skies regarding colour accuracy and appearance than simulations with default settings.
A VR-based workflow to assess perception of daylit views-out with a focus on dynamism and immersion
Authors: Cho Yunni , Karmann Caroline , Andersen Marilyne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Amongst the elements often overlooked in existing studies, dynamic movement and temporal changes in the content of views-out have been suggested to have a high potential to improve its perceived quality and occupant satisfaction. Moreover, in past and ongoing view-out research, most view quality indicators and representation methodologies primarily rely on static time-independent views and fail to acknowledge the importance of including dynamic features in the viewing content. To address this research gap, the present study introduces a novel VR representation workflow to accurately capture dynamic views in experimental settings. This study is the first to examine VR’s effectiveness in maintaining immersion and dynamism when studying daylit views-out, using original data based on human subjects. The results provide insights into VR’s suitability for representing office window views and assess a new workflow employing a dual fisheye lens and scale model to depict views in physically-based IVE.
Field study challenges: Customisation and personalisation during lighting control research in residences
Authors: Aries Myriam B C , Tabbah Alyaá , Fischl Géza 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Residential lighting control can assist in creating a comfortable atmosphere, providing information, and supporting well-being. Field studies are used to investigate lighting control, but study protocol customisation or personalisation may be required due to actual life events and situations. An 8-week field study tested three protocols for effects on behaviour, well-being, and sleep patterns and was executed in 14 apartments during the winter. Light amount and timing were controlled: residents woke up with a dawn simulation, experienced lights turn-off as an indication to leave for work, and were prepared for bed during a dusk simulation scenario. Sleep trackers results showed later and more wide-ranged wake-up and bedtimes than assumed. As expected, the apartments’ different floorplans challenged comparable light exposure. Unexpectedly, several participants requested a reduced wake-up frequency and reported sleeping elsewhere on Fridays and Saturdays. Everybody experienced a full dawn simulation, but some people left home soon after wake-up, calling for lighting control customisation. Real-time field applications may demand a certain level of customisation or personalisation, affecting intentions and results. Discussing and documenting (un)intentional adjustments during final interviews and in scientific publications can benefit in explaining findings and further research.
Indoor thermal and visual well-being of people with autism: preliminary results from a field study in Denmark
Authors: Zaniboni L , Khanie M Sarey , Toftum J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The literature contains very little knowledge regarding the indoor well-being of people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Though, when dealing with higher autism levels and specific co-morbidities, the lack of autonomy of potential subjects makes standard comfort studies difficult or even impossible. As part of the EU-funded project “SENSEwellbeing”, the present paper shows the preliminary results of a field study on the indoor thermal and visual well-being of non-autonomous people with ASC, performed in a Danish care-center. Due to the fragility of the subjects involved and ethical issues related, we had to overcome several challenges. A determining example is the limited possibility to directly involve the subjects and make interventions in their private spaces in comfort-related experiments. For this reason, the caregivers working in the facility were involved in a semi-structured interview to indirectly characterize the thermal and visual preferences of subjects. Additionally, short- and long-term measurements of indoor quantities were taken in common rooms and empty living spaces. The interviews’ outcomes were linked to the environmental measurement, allowing a preliminary characterization of the adequacy of indoor design in terms of well-being of non-autonomous people with ASC. The study highlights the differences in perception of thermal and visual environment among people with ASC, and the necessity to find solutions to more directly involve non-autonomous subjects in studies on the indoor environment. The present research may also inspire other studies with people with special needs, whose comfort perception would otherwise be challenging to collect.
Simulation workflows in multi-objective lighting design optimisation for human well-being and building performance metrics: a scoping review
Authors: Tabbah Alyaá , Aries Myriam B C , Moscati Annika , Johansson Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lighting in the built environment has effects on different aspects, ranging from building performance in terms of costs and energy consumption to human well-being in terms of thermal comfort, visual effects, and beyond-vision effects. Buildings optimised for specific performance metrics rarely consider performance aspects simultaneously, leading to sub-optimised, unbalanced, or non-trade-off solutions. Therefore, multi-objective optimisation has been more commonly used to overcome conflicting performance objectives. Recently, metrics to quantify light effects beyond vision became available, but it is unclear if and how they are integrated with other existing building performance metrics. A scoping review investigated the state-of-art in multi-objective lighting design optimisation regarding building performance and human well-being focusing on performance metrics, simulation workflows, and the overall information flow. The search in Scopus and Web of Science databases resulted in 89 journal articles and conference papers, and the 21 papers reaching the highest optimisation level were discussed. The information extracted was categorised into optimisation metrics, levels, and design variables. The results show that none of the papers combines visual and beyond-vison effects with other building performance metrics.
Vertical Sky Component (VSC) and daylight regulation compliance by the EN 17037 and BFS 2011:6 standards
Authors: Czachura A , Gentile N , Kanters J , Wall M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between the Vertical Sky Component (VSC) metric and the European and Swedish daylighting regulations. VSC, a static geometrical metric, is considered a useful early indicator of indoor daylighting, as it is insensitive to late-stage design details such as material properties and internal layout. However, its relationship with modern building daylighting legislation has not been established. To address this gap, the paper investigates the relationship of VSC and daylight compliance by static and dynamic methods through simulations of a ‘shoebox’ room with varying Window-to-Floor Ratios (WFRs) and external obstruction dimensions. The results demonstrate that VSC has a large effect on daylighting compliance and can be a useful early planning tool. The study concludes that using VSC as a daylighting indicator in the urban planning process can lead to improved early design routines for better daylight compliance in the late design stages. Future work should aim to establish VSC performance thresholds.
Are the next-generation households ready for the energy transition? A survey on their positioning and practice with energy management tools
Authors: Antonini E , Marchi L , Gaspari J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the last decades, significant effort has been put towards technological advancement in housing for energy transition. Massive retrofitting actions have been called for, and innovative technologies for smart energy management at home have been deployed. However, undesired energy trends in housing suggest that relevant factors have been neglected. Among these, increasing importance is now given to occupants’ behaviour, and their capacity to interact with energy management devices available in dwellings. This study investigates what is the position of next-generation users on energy transition at home. Two years ago, the authors launched a survey to explore people’s awareness of energy use practices, interaction with metering devices, and user motivation to change when informed. As a pilot survey, over 300 people from the academy were involved to see what was the position of a sample which was supposed to be informed more than the average, in Italy. The test yielded early outcomes on how people become more interested to change as they gain knowledge and are offered suggestions. Despite the expectations, the sample’s level of awareness was low. This suggested that a more user-centred approach is needed for wide-scale progress. Especially results from the youngest were below prospects. The questionnaire was relaunched to examine if the pandemic, energy crisis and latest news on climate change have affected positions of the youngsters. A testing session involving university students was performed, and results have been compared with the previous. As a result, reflections on the energy use patterns of the next-generation households are provided.
Is there an optimum balance between indoor environment, energy consumption and health?
Authors: Larsen T S , Rohde L , Jensen R L , Larsen O K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the pros and cons of passive strategies in the indoor environment (IE) in relation to energy consumption (EC). It is widely accepted that IE improvements often require energy, particularly for thermal and atmospheric IE. As a result, demands for energy savings might compromise the indoor environmental comfort and health. However, the energy consumption can be reduced by introducing passive measures both regarding temperature and ventilation rates. To investigate this, measurements of temperature and ventilation rates were carried out in eight newly built single-family homes and four renovated single-family homes in a Danish context for three years. The study analyzes the effect of passive cooling using different types of solar shading. The findings show that external solar shading can effectively reduce high temperatures without additional energy consumption for cooling in a Scandinavian context. Also, the difference between mechanical and natural ventilation on CO2 levels in bedrooms and children’s rooms in relation to sleep quality are analysed. Here the results show, that natural ventilation is insufficient to ensure healthy sleeping conditions when it comes to proper ventilation rates and air quality. Supplemental ventilation by either window airing or mechanical aid is necessary.
Method to assess the integration of personalization, stimulus and environmental design principles in school classrooms
Authors: Piderit-Moreno María Beatriz , Leighton Javiera , Chandia Valentina , Perez-Fargallo Alexis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown that a series of architectural factors of the physical learning environment affect the educational experiences of students in schools, particularly learning and well-being. This study proposes a method to holistically assess school classrooms considering three design principles: personalization, stimulus, and environmental. An evaluation matrix has been prepared considering 40 architectural factors, which are categorized into three ranges to generate a score and show their level of compliance. This was applied to a sample size of 30 classrooms from 23 Chilean schools. A classification was generated using the compliance levels, determining deciles and quartiles to set ranges appropriate to local realities along with three classroom classifications: insufficient, sufficient, and satisfactory. This classification proposes a starting point that can evolve as factors in the classroom improve or other cases are incorporated into the database. The method can be replicated in other contexts because it allows identifying which design parameters need to be improved or integrated into school classrooms.