bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Separate Entity Requiring Specific Treatment
Authors: Hess Viviane , A'Hern Roger , Nasiri Nazar , King D. Michael , Blake Peter R. , Barton Desmond P.J. , Shepherd John H. , Ind T. , Bridges J. , Harrington K. , Kaye Stanley B. , Gore Martin E. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Invasive mucinous carcinoma of the ovary (mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer [mEOC]) is a histologic subgroup of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Chemotherapy for mEOC is chosen according to guidelines established for EOC. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this is appropriate. Patients and Methods Women with advanced mEOC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III or IV) who underwent first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were compared with women with other histologic subtypes of EOC in a case-controlled study. Results Eighty-one patients (27 cases, 54 controls) treated with platinum-based regimens were analyzed. The response rates for cases and controls were 26.3% (95% CI, 9.2% to 51.2%) and 64.9% (95% CI, 47.5% to 79.8%), respectively (P = .01). The odds ratio for complete or partial response to chemotherapy for mEOC was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.66; P = .009) compared with other histologic subtypes of EOC. Median progression-free survival was 5.7 months (95% CI, 1.9 to 9.6 months) versus 14.1 months (95% CI, 12.0 to 16.2 months; P < .001) and overall survival was 12.0 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 15.6 months) versus 36.7 months (95% CI, 25.2 to 48.2 months; P < .001) for cases and controls, respectively. The hazard ratio for progression and death was 2.94 (95% CI, 1.71 to 5.07; P < .001) and 3.08 (95% CI, 1.69 to 5.6; P < .001), respectively, for mEOC patients as compared with controls. Conclusion Patients with advanced mEOC have a poorer response to platinum-based first-line chemotherapy compared with patients with other histologic subtypes of EOC, and their survival is worse. Specific alternative therapeutic approaches should be sought for this group of patients, perhaps involving fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
Bronchioloalveolar Pathologic Subtype and Smoking History Predict Sensitivity to Gefitinib in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Miller Vincent A. , Kris Mark G. , Shah Neelam , Patel Jyoti , Azzoli Christopher , Gomez Jorge , Krug Lee M. , Pao William , Rizvi Naiyer , Pizzo Barbara , Tyson Leslie , Venkatraman Ennapadam , Ben-Porat Leah , Memoli Natalie , Zakowski Maureen , Rusch Valerie , Heelan Robert T. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, induces radiographic regressions and symptomatic improvement in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Phase II trials suggested female sex and adenocarcinoma were associated with response. We undertook this analysis to identify additional clinical and pathologic features associated with sensitivity to gefitinib. Patients and Methods We reviewed medical records, pathologic material, and imaging studies of all 139 NSCLC patients treated on one of three consecutive studies of gefitinib monotherapy performed at our institution. We identified patients experiencing a major objective response and compared their clinical and pathologic features with the others. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed on potential predictive features associated with sensitivity to gefitinib. Results Of 139 patients, 21 (15%; 95% CI, 9% to 21%), experienced a partial radiographic response. Variables identified as significant in univariate analysis included adenocarcinoma versus other NSCLC (19% v 0%; P = .004), adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features versus other adenocarcinomas (38% v 14%; P < .001), never smoker status versus former/current (36% v 8%; P < .001), and Karnofsky performance status ≥ 80% versus ≤ 70% (22% v 8%; P = .03). Multivariable analysis revealed the presence of adenocarcinoma with any bronchioloalveolar features (P = .004) and being a never smoker (P = .006) were independent predictors of response. Conclusion Our data suggest that individuals in whom gefitinib is efficacious are more likely to have adenocarcinomas of the bronchioloalveolar subtype and to be never smokers. These observations may provide clues to mechanisms determining sensitivity to this agent and suggest that NSCLC has a different biology in patients who never smoked and those with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
Docetaxel Combined With Trastuzumab Is an Active Regimen in HER-2 3+ Overexpressing and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Phase II Trial
Authors: Tedesco K.L. , Thor A.D. , Johnson D.H. , Shyr Y. , Blum K.A. , Goldstein L.J. , Gradishar W.J. , Nicholson B.P. , Merkel D.E. , Murrey D. , Edgerton S. , Sledge G.W. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose To determine the efficacy and safety of weekly docetaxel and trastuzumab as first- or second-line therapy in women with HER-2–overexpressing metastatic breast cancer and to correlate the efficacy of trastuzumab with HER-2 status as determined by immunohistochemistry assay and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Patients and Methods Twenty-six women with HER-2–positive (HercepTest [Dako Corp, Carpenteria, CA]2 to 3+) metastatic breast cancer were enrolled onto this study of trastuzumab (4 mg/kg load; 2 mg/kg/wk administered intravenously) and docetaxel (35 mg/m2/wk for 6 weeks). Results Using an intent-to-treat analysis, the overall response rate was 50% (13 of 26 patients). Eight patients (31%) had a period of stable disease posttherapy. Among HER-2 3+ patients, the overall response rate was 63% (12 of 19 patients) compared with a 14% response rate (one of seven patients) for HER-2 2+ patients (P = .07). Patients with FISH-positive tumors experienced an overall response rate of 64%. Median time to progression was 12.4 months for the entire cohort (HER-2 3+ tumors, 12.3 months; HER-2 2+ lesions, 9.5 months) and median survival was 22.1 months. All HER-2 3+ patients were FISH-positive; the only HER-2 2+ patient responding to treatment was also FISH-positive. Grade 4 toxicities occurred in four patients; most toxicities were mild. Conclusion Trastuzumab plus docetaxel is an active and well-tolerated regimen in women with HER-2 3+ overexpressing or FISH-positive metastatic breast cancer.
Phase I Study of G3139, a bcl-2 Antisense Oligonucleotide, Combined With Carboplatin and Etoposide in Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rudin Charles M. , Kozloff Mark , Hoffman Philip C. , Edelman Martin J. , Karnauskas Robyn , Tomek Ronald , Szeto Livia , Vokes Everett E. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose Bcl-2 is expressed in the majority of cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and may contribute to chemotherapeutic resistance. Bcl-2 suppression by G3139 (oblimersen sodium), a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to the bcl-2 mRNA, has the potential to enhance the antitumor efficacy of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. A dose-finding study was performed evaluating the combination of G3139, carboplatin, and etoposide in patients with previously untreated extensive stage SCLC. Patients and Methods Sixteen patients were treated in three consecutive cohorts. Cohort 1 (n = 5) received G3139 5 mg/kg/d on days 1 to 8 of a 21 day cycle, with carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) = 6 on day 6, and etoposide 80 mg/m2/d on days 6 to 8. In cohort 2 (n = 4), carboplatin dose was reduced to AUC = 5. In cohort 3 (n = 7), G3139 dose was escalated to 7 mg/kg/d. G3139 plasma concentrations and Bcl-2 protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated. Results Two of three assessable patients in cohort 1 experienced cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicity (grade 4 neutropenia). No cycle 1 dose-limited toxicity was observed in cohorts 2 or 3. Of 14 patients assessable for response, partial response was documented in 12 patients (86%), and stable disease in two. Median time to progression was 5.9 months. Carboplatin and etoposide administration did not appear to alter G3139 pharmacokinetics. No evidence of Bcl-2 suppression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed. Conclusion The combination of G3139, carboplatin, and etoposide is well tolerated and results in an encouraging response rate and time to progression in patients with extensive stage SCLC.
Multi-Mode Molecular Switching Properties and Functions of Azo-Conjugated Metal Complexes
Authors: Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Recent studies on the azo-group-combined photochromic metal complexes are reviewed. These studies show unique trans–cis isomerization behaviors that have not been observed in regular organic azobenzenes. In the case of azobenzene-bound bis(terpyridine) complexes of transition metals, photoisomerization behavior depends strongly on the central metals, counterions, and solvents. Rh and Co complexes undergo photoisomerization smoothly, but the isomerization of Ru and Fe complexes is substantially retarded due to the energy transfer from the π–π* excited state to the MLCT transition. The photoluminescence property of an azobenzene-attached Pt complex is switched by photoisomerization of the azo moiety. Tris(azobenzene-bound bipyridine)cobalt undergoes reversible trans–cis isomerization using a combination of the CoIII/CoII redox change and a single UV light source exciting the π–π* transition. The trans–cis conversion yield is higher for the meta isomer (with respect to the position of the azo group against the pyridyl group) than for the para isomer. The trans–cis photoisomerization behavior of a 6,6′-dimethyl-substituted azobenzene-bipyridine ligand is synchronized with coordination of the bipyridine moiety to copper, and the trans/cis isomerization can be controlled reversibly through CuII/CuI redox and a single UV light irradiation. Photoreaction of azoferrocene occurs not only by UV-light irradiation but also by green light irradiation that excites the MLCT transition. 3-Ferrocenylazobenzene undergoes reversible trans–cis isomerization using a single green light source and the FeIII/FeII redox change. Azo-conjugated metalladithiolenes of NiII, PdII, and PtII with diphenylphosphinoethane as a co-ligand show facile photoisomerization. The energy of the reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization is considerably lower than that of azobenzene. The thermal stability of the cis form is, however, much higher than that of the organic azobenzene derivatives showing similar low-energy trans-to-cis photoisomerization. A novel proton response of the azo group occurs, and the combination of photoisomerization and protonation leads to a novel proton-catalyzed cis-to-trans isomerization. These results indicate that several kinds of multi-photo-functionalities can be realized for the azo-conjugated transition metal complexes by tuning the interaction between the azo moiety and the metal complex unit.
Synthesis of Aromatic Species Containing a Heavier Group 14 Element by Taking Advantage of Kinetic Stabilization
Authors: Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
In this Account, the syntheses, structures, and properties of novel aromatic species containing a heavier group 14 element were delineated with systematic comparison, focusing on their aromaticity. Several kinds of silaaromatic compounds, such as silabenzene, 1- and 2-silanaphthalenes, and 9-silaanthracene, which are a very interesting class of novel π-bonding systems containing a silicon atom, were successfully synthesized and isolated as stable compounds by taking advantage of the kinetic stabilization afforded by introduction of an efficient steric protection group, 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt). A similar synthetic approach can be applied to the cases of the first stable germaaromatics, such as germabenzene and 2-germanaphthalene. The molecular structures of the newly obtained metallaaromatic species were systematically investigated based on X-ray crystallographic analysis and spectroscopic studies together with theoretical calculations. During this study, a variety of new reactivities for these metallaaromatic species were revealed and some new insights and deeper knowledge were obtained about the aromaticity of metallaaromatic compounds of heavier group 14 elements.
Bioorganic Studies on Marine Natural Products with Bioactivity, Such as Antitumor Activity and Feeding Attractance
Authors: Suenaga Kiyotake 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
This account describes bioorganic studies on marine natural products with bioactivity, such as antitumor activity and feeding attractance. Chemical studies on the following bioactive compounds of marine origin have been carried out: 1) feeding attractants for the starfish Acanthaster planci, 2) potent toxins from shellfish of the genus Pinna that cause food poisoning, and 3) a variety of cytotoxic and antitumor compounds from marine invertebrates including sea hares, Dolabella auricularia and Aplysia kurodai. Their isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, and some aspects of their biological activities are summarized.
Armed Cyclen Receptors: From Three Dimensional Cation Recognition to Supramolecular Architecture
Authors: Tsukube Hiroshi , Shinoda Satoshi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The concept and examples of armed cyclens are described and some of their recent applications in molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry are explained. Armed cyclens are characterized by a parent tetraamine ring and functionalized sidearms. They can act as three-dimensional ligands for octadentate metal complexation. They exhibit comparable logK values for Na+ complexation to bicyclic cryptands, though they have flexible, open-chained structures. Since the resulting octacoordinate metal complexes have quadruple helicated structures, they can work as unique building blocks having C4 symmetry for chiral supramolecular architecture. Cholesterol-armed cyclen typically formed a self-aggregate with the integrated chirality in aqueous solution, in which asymmetrically helicated cyclen complexes were arrayed on a supramolecular scale. The self-aggregate had asymmetrically ordered domains, in which achiral organic anions and racemic metal complexes were nicely accommodated in stereo-controlled fashions. Since the armed cyclens have broad structural variations, they are applicable as specific receptors for cation recognition at the molecular level and also as building blocks for supramolecular architecture.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Electrical Properties of Anion Radical Salts of Novel Electron Acceptors, 2,6-Dicyanomethylene-4-oxo-2,6-dihydrocyclopentadithiophene (CPDT-TCNQ) and Its Diselenophene Analogue (CPDS-TCNQ), Having Three Electron-Withdrawing Groups
Authors: Tarutani Shinji , Takahashi Kazuko 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Novel heterophene analogues of tetracyanodiphenoquinodimethane (TCNDQ) having three electron-withdrawing groups in one molecule, 2,6-dicyanomethylene-4-oxo-2,6-dihydrocyclopentadithiophene (CPDT-TCNQ: 1) and 2,6-dicyanomethylene-4-oxo-2,6-dihydrocyclopentadiselenophene (CPDS-TCNQ: 2), have been synthesized. CPDT-TCNQ and CPDS-TCNQ have a good coplanar conformation and have a fairly high electron-accepting ability due to the existence of the central carbonyl group in addition to the two terminal dicyanomethylene groups. The anion radical salts, Me4X(CPDT-TCNQ)2 (X = N, P, and As), Et4N(CPDT-TCNQ)2, and Me4X(CPDS-TCNQ)2 (X = P and As), showed a metallic conducting behavior (σrt = 260 to 42 S cm−1) down to 130–255 K. In the crystal structures of Me4X(CPDT-TCNQ)2 (X = N, P, and As), which are isostructural with each other, the acceptor molecules form rigid and tight two-dimensional networks consisting of strong S···N and O···H inter-column contacts in the side-by-side direction. However, these salts have an extremely one-dimensional electronic structure along the stacking direction. This fact indicates that the chalcogen atoms in the acceptor molecules do not increase the dimensionality of the electronic structures of the anion radical salts; that property is significantly different from the role of chalcogen atoms of TTF or BEDT-TTF type donor molecules. The existence of the central carbonyl group in CPDT-TCNQ and in CPDS-TCNQ plays a very important role to give metallic anion radical salts due to the rigid conformation. The phase transition at 130 K on Me4N(CPDT-TCNQ)2 is regarded as 2kF CDW instability. The origins of the phase transitions at 165 K for Me4P(CPDT-TCNQ)2 and 185 K for Me4As(CPDT-TCNQ)2 are regarded as 4kF CDW. Thus the phase transition mechanisms of these salts are significantly different from each other, although the crystal structures are isostructural.
Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions in trans-Stilbene Crystals
Authors: Takeshita Hideyoshi , Suzuki Yoshio , Hirai Yuko , Nibu Yoshinori , Shimada Hiroko , Shimada Ryoichi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Pressure effects on the phase transitions in [1H12] and [2H12]trans-stilbene crystals were studied. Pressure–frequency plots and pressure–half band width plots for the Raman bands due to the inter- and intramolecular vibrations of [1H12] and [2H12]trans-stilbene crystals showed inflectional variations of the slopes of the plots at about 2 and 4 GPa. The fact that no clear discontinuous changes of the slopes of the plots were observed indicates that the second-order phase transitions take place at about 2 and 4 GPa. The low-frequency Raman bands of [1H12] and [2H12]trans-stilbene crystals were reinvestigated and assignments to the intermolecular rotational vibrations about the x, y, and z axes were made on the basis of the isotopic effect on the vibrational frequency.
Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Studies of Inclusion Complex Formation between Tetradecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (TTAB) and β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD)
Authors: Rafati Amir Abbas , Bagheri Ahmad 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The behavior of the inclusion complex consisting of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was studied using ion selective electrodes sensitive to surfactant ions. Two different methods were used in the construction of the ion selective electrode: (i) Membrane ion selective electrode (MISE) and (ii) Coating wire ion selective electrode (CWISE). The data obtained from two methods showed a consistency between two methods under all conditions. The CWISE method showed a faster response relative to the MISE ones. The experiments were carried out at different temperatures and in different concentrations of cyclodextrin. The data obtained indicate that the inclusion complexes S(CD) and S(CD)2 had formed between TTAB and β-cyclodextrin in an aqueous environment. In addition to the 1:1 complex, TTAB formed 1:2 complexes with β-cyclodextrin. Further investigation showed that K1 for S(CD) was greater than K2 for S(CD)2. Finally, thermodynamic parameters of the complexation, i.e., ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° were also calculated.
A Concealed Property of the Topological Index Z
Authors: Gutman Ivan , Furtula Boris , Vidovic Dušica , Hosoya Haruo 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Examination of the structure-dependence of the total π-electron energy leads to the equation F(G, x) = ln Z(G), where F(G, x) is the Coulson function (of the molecular graph G) and Z(G) is the corresponding topological index Z. The (positive and unique) solution of this equation is called the Z-point of G and is denoted by xH. By the analysis of the Z-points of trees and chemical trees the following generally valid regularities were established: (a) Not all trees have a Z-point, but all chemical trees have a Z-point. (b) The Z-points of all chemical trees (irrespective of their size and other structural features) are nearly equal; for all chemical trees, xH ≈ 1.2.
Effects of an Eruption on Miyake Island on the Behavior of Air Pollutants and Chemical Components of Rainwater in Kyoto
Authors: Yamada Etsu , Nishimura Yoshiaki , Furuya You , Huang Song-Nan , Fuse Yasuro 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Continuous measurements of air pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3) by passive samplers and chemical components of rainwater in Kyoto were made from 1996 to 2002. An eruption on Miyake Island and urban climate changes were found to greatly affect the seasonal changes of air pollutants and chemical components of rainwater in 2000 and 2001. Several peaks of NO2 concentrations at mountains around the Kyoto basin occurred in the spring and summer of 2000 and 2001. The higher NO2 concentration in the summer of 2000 and 2001 may be attributed to the formation of a temperature-inversion layer. Atmospheric SO2 concentrations became abruptly higher in September 2000, and the concentration range of atmospheric SO2 in mountains around the Kyoto basin was 1.0–7.9 ppb from September 2000 to July 2001, which was about two-times higher than that until 1999. These results suggest that a large quantity of SO2 discharge by the eruption on Miyake Island may have affected the increase of atmospheric SO2 concentrations in Kyoto. The O3 concentrations in the summer of 2000 and 2001 were higher than that until 1999. The cause may be O3 production by a photochemical reaction with an increase of anthropogenic NOx in the warm months after 2000. The concentration of gaseous H2O2 was very low when the SO2 content was high in September, 2000, and in June and July, 2001, which may have been due to a large quantity of SO2 discharge that occurred as a result of the eruption on Miyake Island. These results indicate that gaseous H2O2 may largely determine the formation of aerosol sulfate in the warm months. Thus, the increase of anthropogenic or natural SO2 emission may significantly affect the increase of SO42− concentration in rainwater.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of New Quaternary Ag-Containing Group 5 Chalcogenides: KAg2MVSe4 and K3Ag3MV2S8 (MV = Nb, Ta)
Authors: Chen Wen-Tong , Ma Hong-Wei , Guo Guo-Cong , Deng Lei , Zhou Guo-Wei , Dong Zhen-Chao , Huang Jin-Shun 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Four new quaternary Ag-containing group 5 chalcogenides, KAg2NbSe4 (1), KAg2TaSe4 (2), K3Ag3Nb2S8 (3), and K3Ag3Ta2S8 (4), have been prepared through the use of molten alkali metal polychalcogenides as reactive fluxes and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The layer-type structures of 1 and 2 can be regarded as constructed from the basic building block of the incomplete cubane [Ag3MVSe3], which are corner-shared to form an infinite chain along the a direction. These incomplete cubane chains are interconnected and further bridged by Se atoms along the c direction, leading to a two-dimensional structure. The crystal structure of 3 and 4 consists of one-dimensional triple-metal [Ag3MV2S8]3− anionic chains seperated by K+ cations. The alternate packing of MVS4 and AgS4 tetrahedra via edge-sharing along the b direction leads to mixed-metal sub-chains, every two of which are further linked by AgS4 tetrahedra along the a direction through edge-sharing to the MVS4 tetrahedra, thus yielding the so-called triple-metal chains.