bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levofloxacin-Induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Oh Young R , Carr-Lopez Sian M , Probasco James M , Crawley Peter G 
Published: June 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) secondary to levofloxacin. CASE SUMMARY: An 82-year-old white man was treated with levofloxacin 500 mg/d for cellulitis. Three days following completion of levofloxacin therapy, the patient presented to the emergency department with severe jaundice, dizziness, and loss of vision. He received packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and was discharged home. Two days later at the follow-up visit, he was diagnosed with AIHA secondary to levofloxacin. The patient was hospitalized and treated with a tapering dose of prednisone and additional PRBC infusion. He was discharged from the hospital in stable condition after 3 days. Repeated hematologic laboratory studies following discharge demonstrated that the hemolytic anemia had resolved. DISCUSSION: Hemolytic anemia due to levofloxacin is an extremely rare, but potentially fatal, adverse drug event. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse reaction was probable. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of levofloxacin-induced AIHA. However, there are published case reports of hemolytic anemia with other fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin (n = 12) and temafloxacin (n = 95). Temafloxacin was withdrawn from the market in 1992 due to this adverse effect. The mechanism by which levofloxacin triggers hemolytic anemia is unknown. We believe that an immune-mediated reaction is most likely. CONCLUSIONS: Levofloxacin-induced AIHA is a rare but serious complication of therapy. Immediate discontinuation of the offending medication and treatment of the hemolytic anemia are essential. Until more information is available, levofloxacin should not be prescribed for patients with previous reactions to any fluoroquinolone.
Perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey: Cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic organization
Authors: Suzuki Wendy A. , Amaral David G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFindings from recent tract‐tracing studies examining the cortical and subcortical connectivity of the medial temporal lobe showed that the pattern of connections of areas TH and TF of the parahippocampal cortex were consistent with previous boundary demarcations of this region. In contrast, the connections of the perirhinal cortex (areas 35 and 36) indicated that the border of area 36 should be placed several millimeters more lateral than in earlier descriptions in the literature. The connections of this region also suggested that the perirhinal cortex extends rostrodorsally to include the medial portion of what is typically referred to as the temporal pole (areas TG, 38, or Pro). To determine if cyto‐ and chemoarchitectonic characteristics are consistent with the boundary scheme suggested by our tract‐tracing studies, we carried out a detailed analysis of Nissl‐ and SMI‐32‐stained material throughout the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices of the macaque monkey. The staining patterns seen in both these preparations are in excellent agreement with the boundaries defined by earlier connectional studies. Based on these studies, we recognize areas 35 and area 36 of the perirhinal cortex and area 36 contains five subdivisions. The parahippocampal cortex is composed of areas TH and TF and area TF contains two subdivisions. For both the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices, we provide descriptions of the cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic features that are most useful for defining each cortical subdivision, as well as the features most useful for defining the boundaries with adjacent cortical regions. We discuss these findings in the context of the results of previous tract‐tracing studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:67–91, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic immune challenge induces preproenkephalin gene transcription in distinct autonomic structures of the rat brain
Authors: Engström Linda , Engblom David , Blomqvist Anders 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe involvement of enkephalins in the immune response was investigated in rats injected intravenously with interleukin‐1β (2 μg/kg). In situ hybridization with a riboprobe complementary to intron A of the preproenkephalin (ppENK) gene showed distinct transcriptional activation within several brain regions known to be activated by immune stimuli, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, the area postrema, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and dual labeling confirmed that a large proportion of the intron expressing neurons co‐expressed c‐fos mRNA. Rats injected with saline (controls) showed little or no heteronuclear transcript in these structures. The induced signal was strongest after 1 hour but was present in some structures 30 minutes after interleukin‐1β injection. At 3 hours, transcriptional activity returned to basal levels. High basal expression of the heteronuclear transcript that appeared unchanged by the immune stimulus was seen in regions not primarily involved in the immune response, such as the striatum, the olfactory tubercle, and the islands of Calleja and in the immune activated central nucleus of the amygdala. The heteronuclear transcript colocalized with ppENK mRNA, demonstrating that it occurred in enkephalinergic neurons and was not the result of alternative transcription from the ppENK gene in other cells. These results demonstrated that enkephalin transcription is induced in central autonomic neurons during immune challenge, suggesting that enkephalins are involved in the centrally orchestrated response to such stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:450–461, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital watermarks for audio signal based on psychoacoustic masking model
Authors: Nakayama Akira , Lu Jinlin , Nakamura Satoshi , Shikano Kiyohiro 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper describes one digital watermarking method for audio signals using the MPEG psychoacoustic model. It is important that a digital watermark be perceptually inaudible to the human auditory system. One watermark algorithm that takes this into account is the digital watermark algorithm using the MPEG psychoacoustic model proposed by Boney and colleagues. However, this method has several drawbacks such as it is susceptible to MPEG encoding and there is no synchronized detection measure. As a result, several improvements were made to increase the robustness of the digital watermark to MPEG encoding, and information from psychoacoustic tests was also used to introduce successive masking. These improvements enabled a watermark to be implemented that is even robust to MPEG encoding. To ensure robustness to D‐A/A‐D conversions or cropping attacks, a whitened cross‐correlation method (cross‐power spectrum phase) was used to implement synchronized detection. This enabled a watermark that is robust to D‐A/A‐D conversions to be implemented. This watermark was also shown to be robust to attacks such as noise addition, filtering, and downsampling. In addition, this paper shows the results of subjective evaluation experiments, which indicate that there is little quality deterioration due to watermarking. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(12): 65–75, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10143
Characterization of the volatile compounds that constitute fresh sweet cream butter aroma
Authors: Peterson D. G. , Reineccius G. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine which volatile compounds are primarily responsible for the aroma of fresh sweet cream butter. Static headspace analysis with gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) was used to select key odourants and purge and trap–GC–mass spectrometry (MS) for their quantiﬁcation. Twenty odour‐active compounds were detected in the headspace (static) of fresh butter (hydrogen sulphide, acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulphide, 2,3‐butanedione, hexanal, 2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal, 1‐hexen‐3‐one, butanoic acid, dimethyl trisulphide, 1‐octen‐3‐one, hexanoic acid, δ‐hexanolactone, nonanal, (Z)‐2‐nonenal, (E)‐2‐nonenal, δ‐octanolactone, skatole, δ‐decanolactone and γ‐dodecanolactone). Aroma recombination studies followed by sensory analysis indicated that our fresh aroma model was signiﬁcantly different from the reference (direct from manufacturing plant) but ranked the same (similarity) as the aroma of a commercial margarine or an unsalted fresh butter. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of two populations of Tanzanian Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Ngassapa Olipa , Runyoro Deborah K. B. , Harvala Evangelia , Chinou Ioanna B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe chemical composition of essential oils obtained from leaves of two samples of Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng, collected from the same locality in Tanzania, was analysed by GC and GC–MS. Sixty constituents (91.3%) of one sample and 38 constituents (76.0%) of the other sample were identiﬁed. The main components of the two oils were geranial, neral, limonene, germacrene‐D, camphor, linalool, β‐caryophyllene and myrcene. The two oils were signiﬁcantly different in their chemical composition. This implies that the two L. javanica populations could be two different chemical races. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity of the oils was evaluated against six Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative bacteria and three pathogenic fungi, using the agar dilution technique. It was found that both oils exhibited moderate to strong activities against the bacteria tested, while both were inactive against the fungi tested. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical composition of essential oils of Senecio nutans Sch.‐Bip. (Asteraceae)
Authors: De Feo Vincenzo , Urrunaga Soria Emma , Urrunaga Soria Rosa , Senatore Felice 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe essential oils from the aerial parts of Senecio nutans Sch.‐Bip., collected in two different localities at 3500 and 4800 m above sea level in the Department of Arequipa, Perù, were obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.16% and 0.18% yields, respectively, related to the fresh weight. The oils were characterized by GC and GC–MS analyses. In the oil from plants at the lower altitude, 21 of 25 components were identiﬁed; the oil from the higher altitude site showed the presence of 46 components, 41 of which were identiﬁed. Monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated in both oils, with sabinene and α‐terpinene as the main constituents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of fruit volatiles and annual changes in the volatiles of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. growing in Greece
Authors: Tsiri Dimitroula , Kretsi Ourania , Chinou Ioanna B. , Spyropoulos Caroline G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe chemical components of the essential oils obtained from fruits of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and of those obtained from its leaves during the course of one year, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. From the identiﬁed 52 constituents of the fruit essential oil, representing the 62.0% of the total oil, spathulenol (19.0%), β‐pinene (8.8%) and p‐cymene (4.8%) were found as the main components, while the concentration of 1,8‐cineole, the main leaf constituent, was relatively low (3.8%). The composition of the leaf essential oil varied qualitatively and quantitatively over the course of 1 year. Generally, from the identiﬁed 43 constituents representing the 74.7–94.2%, the main constituent was 1,8‐cineole (25.3–44.2%). Although spathulenol was the second most abundant constituent (highest concentration 19.2%), there were months when its concentration was exceptionally low (0.5%). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
cDNA array technology in melanoma: An overview
Authors: Baldi Alfonso , Santini Daniele , uca Antonio De L , Paggi Marco G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractGenetic aberrations, mostly resulting in changes in gene expression, are critical events in cancer onset and progression. The advent of the cDNA array technology allows the screening and the efficient measurement of expression of thousands genes simultaneously in a wide spectrum of experimental and clinical models. This genomic scale approach is being currently used to obtain global views of human cancer gene expression and to identify genetic markers that might be important for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review discusses some recent findings obtained by means of cDNA arrays investigating the human melanoma. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 219–223, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Sp1 transcription factor does not directly interact with the HIV‐1 Tat protein
Authors: Loregian Arianna , Bortolozzo Katia , Boso Silvia , Sapino Barbara , Betti Monica , Biasolo Maria A. , Caputo Antonella , Palú Giorgio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe role of Sp1 in regulating the trans‐activating activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) Tat protein has not yet been clearly defined. In fact, studies on the physical and functional interaction between Sp1 and Tat have yielded contradictory results. Here we investigated whether a physical interaction between Sp1 and Tat indeed occurs, exploiting both biochemical and genetic techniques that allow detection of direct protein–protein interactions. Studies performed with the yeast two‐hybrid system indicate that Sp1 does not directly interact with the HIV‐1 Tat protein. Control experiments demonstrated that both proteins are functionally expressed in the yeast cells. In vitro binding assays further confirmed that Sp1 does not physically bind Tat. These data suggest that in vivo Tat and Sp1 most likely take part of a multicomponent complex and thus encourage the search of the molecule(s) which mediate Tat–Sp1 interaction. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 251–257, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth retardation as well as spleen and thymus involution in latent TGF‐β binding protein (Ltbp)‐3 null mice
Authors: Chen Yan , Dabovic Branka , Colarossi Cristina , Santori Fabio R. , Lilic Mirjana , Vukmanovic Stanislav , Rifkin Daniel B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe latent TGF‐β binding protein (LTBP)‐3 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that binds the small latent complex (SLC) of TGF‐β. Disruption of the Ltbp‐3 gene by homologous recombination in mice yields mutant animals that display multiple skeletal abnormalities. In addition, these mice have retarded growth. On an inbred 129 SvEv background, half of the Ltbp‐3 mutant mice die between 3 and 4 weeks after birth. These mice show severe involution of the thymus and spleen and a sharp reduction in the numbers of CD4/CD8 double positive T‐cells in the thymus. The thymus and spleen defect is caused by elevated corticosterone levels in the serum and can be reversed by injection of aminoglutethimide (AMG), an inhibitor of steroid synthesis. This result indicates that the thymus and spleen defect is a secondary defect due to high corticosterone levels probably induced by stress of unknown etiology. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 319–325, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperoxia induces Egr‐1 expression through activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 pathway
Authors: Jones Nicole , Agani Faton H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEarly growth response gene (Egr‐1) is a stress response gene activated by various forms of stress and growth factor signaling. We report that supraphysiologic concentrations of O2 (hyperoxia) induced Egr‐1 mRNA and protein expression in cultured alveolar epithelial cells, as well as in mouse lung in vivo. The contribution of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and PI3‐kinase pathways to the activation of Egr‐1 in response to hyperoxia was examined. Exposure to hyperoxia resulted in a rapid phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 kinases in mouse alveolar epithelial cells LA4. MEK inhibitor PD98059, but not inhibitors of p38 MAPK or PI3‐kinase pathway, prevented Egr‐1 induction by hyperoxia. The signaling cascade preceding Egr‐1 activation was traced to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Hyperoxia is used as supplemental therapy in some diseases and typically results in elevated levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in many lung cell types, the organ that receives highest O2 exposure. Our results support a pathway for the hyperoxia response that involves EGF receptor, MEK/ERK pathway, and other unknown signaling components leading to Egr‐1 induction. This forms a foundation for analysis of detailed mechanisms underlying Egr‐1 activation during hyperoxia and understanding its consequences for regulating cell response to oxygen toxicity. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 326–333, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biphasic effects of 17‐β‐estradiol on expression of occludin and transendothelial resistance and paracellular permeability in human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Ye Lin , Martin Tracey A. , Parr Christian , Harrison Gregory M. , Mansel Robert E. , Jiang Wen G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTight junctions govern the paracellular permeability of endothelial and epithelial cells. Aberrations of tight junction function are an early and key event during the vascular spread of cancer and inflammation. This study sought to determine the role of estrogen in the regulation of tight junctions and expression of molecules making tight junctions in endothelial cells. Human endothelial cell, HECV, which express ER‐β but not ER‐α was used. 17‐β‐estradiol induced a concentration‐ and time‐dependent biphasic effect on tight junction. At 10−9 and 10−6 M, it decreased the level of occludin and increased in paracellular permeability of HECV cells, but at 10−12 M it decreased in paracellular permeability and increased the level of occludin. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TER), however, was reduced by 17‐β‐estradiol at lower concentrations (as low as 10−12 M). Furthermore, the time‐dependent biphasic effect was observed over a period of 4 days, with the first reduction of TER seen within 15 min and the second drop occurring 48 h after 17‐β‐estradiol treatment. It was further revealed that protein and mRNA levels of occludin, but not claudin‐1 and ‐5, and ZO‐1, were reduced by 17‐β‐estradiol, in line with changes of TER. This study shows that 17‐β‐estradiol can induce concentration‐ and time‐related biphasic effects on tight junction functions expression of occludin in endothelial cells and that this perturbation of tight junction functions may have implications in the etiology of mastalgia and the vascular spread of breast cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 362–369, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro fertilization and polyspermy in the pig: Factors affecting fertilization rates and cytoskeletal reorganization of the oocyte
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Saito Yosuke , Kagawa Noriko , Yang Xiangzhong 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPolyspermy is a common phenomenon in the pig. Extensive information has become available from in vitro studies on not only the quality of oocytes but also the quality of spermatozoa. However, little information is available on the relative penetration rates of fresh and frozen spermatozoa from the same ejaculate from boars of different breeds. The present results, based on a total of 15 boars of three different breeds, revealed that the inter‐breed variation in fertilization and polyspermic rates is larger than intra‐breed variation. It was also shown that the incidence of polyspermy as well as penetration rate was greatly decreased by freezing and thawing, even if a higher number of sperm was coincubated with cumulus‐free oocytes for a longer period compared to fresh sperm of the same ejaculate. This study focuses on the cytoskeletal organization of the oocyte with respect to the status of cumulus investment, and monospermic and polyspermic fertilization. The status of cumulus cells correlated with the density of transzonal cumulus‐cell processes and with the maturation rate of oocytes and, to some degrees, the incidence of polyspermy. Polyspermic zygotes formed multiple microtubule domains in association with individual male pronuclei (PN), but in a high degree of polyspermy (more than trispermy), the pronuclear apposition did not proceed. The effect of multiple PN of paternal and maternal origin on the cytoskeletal reorganization is also discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 61:327–334, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multichannel surface EMG: Basic aspects and clinical utility
Authors: Zwarts Machiel J. , Stegeman Dick F. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe generation of the surface electromyogram (sEMG) is described with regard to the properties of the single muscle fiber action potential as source, the physical aspects of volume conduction and recording configuration, and the properties and firing pattern of motor units (MUs). The spatial aspect of the motor unit action potential (MUP) is emphasized in relation to the results of high‐density, multichannel sEMG measurements. The endplate zone, depth, size, and position of MUs can be estimated. The use of muscle fiber conduction velocity measurements in channelopathies and the changes in pathological fatigue are described. Using the unique patterns of spatial spread of MUPs over the skin (MU fingerprint), MU classification and the determination of firing moments is done noninvasively. Clinical applications of high‐density sEMG measurements are reviewed. Emerging possibilities provided by MUP size and fingerprint measurements in neuromuscular disease and motor control are discussed. We conclude that multichannel sEMG adds unique, and sometimes indispensable, spatial information to our knowledge of the motor unit. Muscle Nerve 28: 1–17, 2003
Muscle fiber number in the biceps brachii muscle of young and old men
Authors: Klein Cliff S. , Marsh Greg D. , Petrella Robert J. , Rice Charles L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe have compared the number of muscle fibers in the biceps brachii muscle (BB) of six old men (82.3 ± 4.3 years) and six young men (21.2 ± 1.9 years). Muscle fiber number was estimated by dividing the maximal area of the BB, determined with magnetic resonance imaging, by the mean fiber area of the BB determined in a muscle biopsy. The percentage of type II fibers in the BB (∼60%) and the type I fiber area were not different between the groups. The BB area (−26%), type II fiber area (−24%), mean fiber area (−20%), and maximal voluntary contraction strength (MVC) of the elbow flexor muscles (−27%) were lower in the old than young group. However, the estimated number of muscle fibers was not significantly different between the young (253,000) and old (234,000) men. Consequently, the smaller BB area of the old men could be explained primarily by a smaller type II fiber size. These findings suggest that old age is not associated with a reduced number of muscle fibers in the BB. The relative contribution of a reduction in fiber number to age‐related muscle atrophy may be muscle‐dependent. Muscle Nerve 28: 62–68, 2003