bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating maternal mortality in rural areas of Mexico: the application of an indirect demographic method
Authors: Hernández B. , Chirinos J. , Romero M. , Langer A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: To measure maternal mortality levels in rural areas of Mexico. Methods: In a cross‐sectional study, a census of 13 378 households was carried out in the municipalities of Yecapixtla and Tlaltizapan, Morelos, Mexico. Information on 10443 subjects from 12 to 49 years old was included in the analysis. An indirect method of measuring maternal mortality — the sisterhood method — was used to estimate maternal mortality. Information about the number of sisters of the interviewees who died due to maternal causes was collected in the census. With this information, estimates of maternal mortality related to a period of 10–12 years before the application of the census were obtained. An innovation to the original method was the calculation of a confidence interval for the estimated maternal mortality rate (MMR). Results: The MMR in this region was 18.68/10 000 live births (95% CI 15.79–21.58/10 000 live births). The average risk of dying due to maternal causes was 1 in 87 for women between 12 and 49 years of age. Conclusions: The sisterhood method was effective for estimating maternal mortality in a small region, with no previous information about this indicator. The method proved to be useful for identifying a priority region for the implementation of maternal mortality reduction programs. Furthermore, the method was particularly convenient since it was applied as part of a multipurpose survey.
Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the hip in pregnancy
Authors: Goldman G.A. , Friedman S. , Hod M. , Ovadia J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: To study the nature of a condition called transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) in pregnancy. Method: Fifty‐three cases of this syndrome of unknown etiology have been reviewed and an additional case has been added. Result and Conclusion: TOH is characterized by hip joint pain during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and signs of demineralization of the femoral head. The course is benign with recovery shortly after birth. No specific therapy is required except bed rest.
Epidemiological correlates of preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Spinillo A. , Nicola S. , Piazzi G. , Ghazal K. , Colonna L. , Baltaro F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: To study the clinical risk factors for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Method: We conducted a case‐control study of 138 patients with PROM between 24 and 35 weeks' gestation and 267 control subjects. Results: In stepwise multiple logistic regression models, the population of cases was more likely to be of low social class. Other risk factors for PROM were smoking in pregnancy, 1st or 2nd–3rd trimester hemorrhages, cervical incompetence and a documented cervico‐vaginal infection during index pregnancy. First trimester hemorrhage and a documented cervico‐vaginal infection during index pregnancy were associated with preterm PROM both in nulliparous and in multiparous women. Conclusion: Few potentially remediable risk factors are associated with the occurrence of preterm PROM.
External cephalic version after previous cesarean section—a clinical dilemma
Authors: Schachter M. , Kogan S. , Blickstein I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVES: To describe our limited experience with external cephalic version from breech to vertex presentation at term, with the use of ritodrine tocolysis, in women who had undergone a previous cesarean delivery. METHODS: Eleven parturients after previous cesarean delivery underwent external version after 36 gestational weeks, utilizing tocolysis with ritodrine, after excluding cases of lowlying placenta, severe oligohydramnion or ruptured membranes. Patients were then followed until delivery and scar examination was carried out after vaginal delivery, or at re‐cesarean section, according to mode of delivery. RESULTS: All 11 attempted versions were successful. Six patients subsequently delivered vaginally and five by re‐cesarean section. None of the uterine scars showed any signs of dehiscence. Three of the five infants delivered by re‐cesarean section weighed over 4000 g, whereas all of the vaginally‐delivered infants weighed under 3500 g. CONCLUSIONS: External cephalic version to vertex presentation after previous cesarean section was successful in all 11 carefully selected patients. No untoward effects were noted, and no signs of scar dehiscence were found. The safety and efficacy of this procedure after previous cesarean delivery should be examined further.
Identity status research: implications for career counseling
Authors: Raskin Patricia M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe an empirical approach to the study of adolescence and to apply research findings to vocational counseling. The study of identity status has enriched and supported Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Case histories of hypothetical clients in the four identity statuses are presented and different approaches for counseling with such clients are suggested.
Identity and intervention
Authors: Marcia James E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe evidence, I thought, seemed clear enough. Frazier had claimed some innovations in behavioral techniques which I wanted to know more about, but I could imagine a potent technology composed of the principles already used by politicians, educators, priests, advertisers and psychologists. The techniques of controlling human behavior were obvious enough. The trouble was, they were in the hands of the wrong people—or of feeble repairmen. (B. F. Skinner, Walden Two, p. 308.)
The global world—a domain for development in adolescence?
Authors: Solantaus Tytti 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo case studies are presented for the purpose of providing material for theoretical discussion on the development of adolescents in the nuclear age.The two cases originate from a study of 15 girls who were followed from the age of 15–16 to 17–18. Both cases showed an initial concern about nuclear war in earlier adolescence, but their subsequent development proceeded in opposite directions. The first case demonstrates how privatization and turning away from global issues might develop in one's mind and way of life. The second case demonstrates widening interests and activities in the global domain.The cases are analysed using the Vygotskian concepts of internalization and the zone of proximal development. It is suggested that the development of mass media has created a new zone of proximal development in adolescence, the global domain. It is suggested further that an integrated world view is a developmental potential inherent in the global domain.
The adolescent as forgiver
Authors: Enright Robert D. , Santos Maria J.D. , Al‐Mabuk Radhi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA social cognitive developmental model of forgiveness is described and tested in two studies, the second being a replication of the first. In study 1, 59 subjects in grades 4, 7, 10, college and in adulthood were given a forgiveness interview that assessed six stages of forgiveness development, Rest's DIT measure of justice development, and a religiosity scale. As predicted, there were strong age trends for forgiveness and justice. Both forgiveness and justice were related but distinct constructs. The more one practiced one's faith, the higher one was in forgiveness stage. Study 2, with 60 subjects, replicated the above findings. The studies give strong evidence that people's understanding of forgiveness develops with age. Implications for adolescent development are drawn.
Ethnic identity in college students from four ethnic groups
Authors: Phinney Jean S. , Alipuria Linda Line 
Published: April 2004

AbstractResearch on adolescent identity development within Erikson's (1968) framework has not included ethnicity. This study examined ethnic identity search and commitment, the importance of ethnicity as an identity issue, and relationship of ethnic identity to self‐esteem among college students. Questionnaires were given to 196 male and female urban college students from three minority groups (Asian‐American, Black, and Mexican‐American) and a comparison White group. Exploration of ethnic identity issues was significantly higher among minority group, compared to majority group, college students. Ethnicity was considered to be as important as two other traditionally studied areas of identity and was rated as significantly more important by minorities than by Whites. Self‐esteem, especially for minority subjects was related to the extent that subjects had thought about and resolved issues involving their ethnicity.
Family economic stress, maternal and paternal support and adolescent distress
Authors: Lempers Jacques D. , Clark‐Lempers Dania 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of family economic stress on parental support and adolescent maladjustment in 622 9th through 12th graders in a Midwestern farm community. Economic stress had a direct effect on adolescent depressive symptoms, delinquency and drug use. The findings also indicated an indirect effect: increased stress was associated with lower paternal support for female, but not male adolescents, and lower paternal support for females was associated with higher female distress.
A metacognitive analysis of decision making in adolescence
Authors: Ormond Cheryl , Luszcz Mary A. , Mann Leon , Beswick Gery 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSamples of 43 early (CA = 13 years) and 41 middle (CA = 15 years) adolescents were compared on three categories of metacognitive knowledge as they relate to decision making—person knowledge, task knowledge and strategy knowledge. Metacognitive knowledge was assessed using a 19‐item questionnaire. Consistent with our hypothesis, middle adolescents showed significantly greater metacognitive knowledge than early adolescents on all three scales. Self‐reported decision making style (using the Flinders Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire) and decision making performance on a hypothetical scenario were also measured. Middle adolescents reported a more competent decision making style than early adolescents, while group differences on the scenario were not found. Adolescents completing the scenario scored significantly higher on all measures of decision making metacognition. Significant correlations were found between metacognitive knowledge of decision making, self‐reported decision making style and performance on the decision scenario task. By middle adolescence understanding of what is involved in the activity of decision making is well developed. This growth in understanding, accompanied by changes in social domains, plays a part in decision execution and style.
Ethnic differences in adolescent self‐poisoning: a comparison of Asian and Caucasian groups
Authors: Handy S. , Chithiramohan R.N. , Ballard C.G. , Silveira W.R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA study of self‐poisoning in 25 Asian and 25 Caucasian adolescents is presented. Cultural conflicts were the most important factors in the parasuicidal behaviour of Asian children, whereas a variety of factors accounted for the parasuicidal behaviour of Caucasians with a predominance of a disrupted family background. There was little difference in the type of poisoning and the degree of pre‐planning between the two groups.
Male and female patterns in the discovery of sexuality during adolescence
Authors: Zani Bruna 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present paper attempts to analyse the various factors which influence adolescents strategies in their efforts to cope with the problems related to pubertal and sexual development: the physiological changes, the social pressures engendered by family and cultural environment, and the personal meanings young boys and girls attribute thereto.The data came from 603 questionnaires and 60 interviews performed on Italian adolescents (both males and females, students and non‐students) on the following issues: the awareness of physical maturation in the same and opposite sex; the significance of heterosexual relationships; the motivation for early sexual experiences; and their effects on personal identity.Significant differences concerning sex and level of schooling emerged with regard to the elaboration of the subject's psychosexual identity, motivation in the choice of partner and the precocity in the onset of sex life.
Relationship between physical attractiveness, physical effectiveness, and self‐esteem: a cross‐sectional analysis among adolescents
Authors: Thornton Bill , Ryckman Richard M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the present study, the relative contributions of physical attractiveness and physical effectiveness to the self‐esteem were examined among four different grade‐levels of adolescents (mean ages: 12·5, 14·6, 16·3, 18·3 years old). Overall, both attractiveness and effectiveness were significantly related to the self‐esteem of males and females. In contrast to previous research, attractiveness and effectiveness did not appear to be differentially important to the self‐esteem of males and females and consistent patterns were evident across the different grade‐levels. These results are believed to reflect changes occurring in sex‐role expectations and socialization.
Erotomania in an adolescent: clinical and theoretical considerations
Authors: Urbach John R. , Khalily Cyma , Mitchell Patricia P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractErotomania is a relatively rare delusional syndrome, typically seen in heterosexual women of middle‐age or beyond. This is the first reported occurrence in an adolescent, and one of very few involving homosexual orientation. A detailed case report is discussed in the context of adolescent developmental phenomena, including “crushes”, identity formation, and the resolution of sexual orientation. The presentation of erotomania as alleged sexual abuse, and a possible etiologic role for childhood sexual trauma, are considered.
HIV and AIDS among adolescents in the United States: increasing risk in the 1990s
Authors: Bowler Suzanne , Sheon Amy R. , D'angelo Lawrence J. , Vermund Sten H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immuno‐deficiency virus (HIV) are growing problems among U.S. adolescents. By examining recent data on AIDS surveillance and HIV seroprevalence, surveys on teenagers' knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS, key treatment issues, and barriers to prevention, this manuscript reviews the problem and proposes possible ways of combating it. African American youth have the highest rates of AIDS and white youth the lowest. However, the largest number of AIDS cases overall has been recorded in white males, reflecting relatively high case rates in boys with hemophilia and in young male homosexuals. Predominant HIV risk factors for adolescents are unprotected sex and/or sharing injection drug equipment with an infected partner. Relatively high rates of HIV infection in adolescent females may indicate their greater physiological vulnerability than adult females to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Data from HIV seroprevalence studies suggest a substantially increased heterosexual epidemic in the 1990s, especially in large east coast cities and southeastern rural areas where drug use and/or STDs are highly prevalent. More comprehensive prevention and treatment services are needed to prevent on‐going expansion of HIV infection and AIDS in the adolescent age group.
Bacteriologic studies in second‐trimester pregnancy termination: A comparison of intra‐ and extra‐amniotic methods
Authors: Reichman Judith , Ashkenazi Jack , Elian Inge , Goldman Jack A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVaginal and cervical cultures were obtained in 20 women undergoing intra‐amniotic saline infusion and 20 women having extraamniotic saline infusion for second‐trimester abortion. Following expulsion intrauterine cultures were taken and the patients were followed for signs of clinical infection.Sixty percent of the patients had pathogenic bacteria cultured prior to abortion, 40% has positive intrauterine cultures after abortion and 7.5% had clinical infection. There was a positive correlation between injection‐abortion time and pathogenic intrauterine cultures. No significant differences in the incidence of positive intrauterine cultures or clinical infection between the two groups were found. Of those patients with positive preabortion cultures 70% had identical pathogens cultured from the uterus after expulsion suggesting that most postabortal pathogens arise from endogenous vaginal and cervical sites rather than from exogenous sources.
Post‐cesarean section endomyometritis: Significance of transcervical endometrial cultures in bacteremic patients
Authors: diZerega Gere S. , Yonedura M. Lynn , Ledger William J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPelvic infection following cesarean section is the most common hospital acquired infection facing the obstetrician‐gynecologist today. In order to prescribe the optimal antibiotic therapy, clinicians must know which organisms generate the infection. This study assessed the utility of transcervical endometrial swab cultures in the isolation of organisms from post‐cesarean section patients. Results of blood cultures obtained from the same patients are used as the standard of comparison.
The influence of lumbar epidural analgesia in labor on mode of delivery
Authors: Chandler Christopher J. , Davidson Brian A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA retrospective analysis of the use of lumbar epidural analgesia in the Leeds Maternity Hospital between 1969 and 1978 has been carried out. The percentage of patients with epidural blocks has been compared with the instrumental delivery and cesarean section rates for each of the 10 years.The data shows that while the epidural rate has risen from 0% to almost 40%, the operative delivery rates have remained almost constant.
Ovarian tumors complicating pregnancy
Authors: Hasan Adnan , Amr Samir , Issa Abdulla , Bata Majed 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBetween the years 1977 and 1981, 9037 patients gave birth at Jordan University Hospital (JUH). Among these ten patients were found to have an associated ovarian tumor, an incidence of one in 900 deliveries. Benign cystic teratomas were the most common ovarian tumors found, followed by mucinous cystadenomas. All of the tumors were benign except one case of Burkitt's lymphoma.
A prospective randomized study of induction of labor
Authors: Sande H.A. , Tuveng J. , Fønstelien T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn a prospective randomized study spontaneous and oxytocin induced labor have been compared with respect to duration of labor and the condition of the fetus and the newborn infant. The study consists of 166 normal patients at full term. No significant differences between the two groups were found, and the results of the study showed that induction of labor between the 40th and 41st week of pregnancy was safe for the fetus. It is concluded that there seems to be no increased risks to mother or fetus from induction of labor compared to normal labor provided that there is cephalic presentation and a normal pregnancy.
Episiotomy pain: Efficacy and safety of fluproquazone compared to aspirin and placebo
Authors: London Robert , Sundaram G.S. , Feldman Susan , Goldstein Phillip 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe analgesic efficacy of fluproquazone at 100 mg and 200 mg doses, was measured in 160 patients with episiotomy pain and was compared to that of aspirin (650 mg) and placebo. The 100‐mg dose of fluproquazone was more effective in relieving episiotomy pain than the 200‐mg dose of fluproquazone, aspirin or placebo in terms of mean pain intensity scores after 1 h. All active compounds were more effective than placebo by all criteria.
Daily rhythm of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and human chorionic somatomammotropin in normal pregnancy
Authors: Ayala Aquiles R. , Bustos Hugo , Aguilar Rosa Ma. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have quantified the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) serum levels in normal pregnant women at 1‐h intervals during 24 h, through radioimmunoassay procedures. The HCG levels were higher during the first trimester, although no circadian variations were detected. Some variations exceeded by ten fold: these variations decreased with advanced periods of gestation. No diurnal fluctuations in serum HCS were apparent; in a case nearly at term, there was an increase from 05:00 h to 09:00 h simulating a circadian pattern, although it was not statistically significant. These data indicate that the placental protein secretion is autonomous and that HCG levels of fluctuation during early stages of pregnancy might be regulated by factors other than the trophoblast.
Serum prolactin profiles of normal human conceptual cycles
Authors: Adejuwon Christopher A. , Faundes Anibal , Segal Sheldon J. , Alvarez‐Sanchez Francisco 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCommencing on day 10 of the menstrual cycle through onset of subsequent menses, or confirmation of pregnancy, daily sera collected from 15 women planning pregnancy were analyzed by radioimmunoassays (RIA) for prolactin (hPRL), estradiol‐17β and luteinizing hormone (hLH). Two of the observed subjects became pregnant in the single cycles studied. The profiles of these hormones during the early gestation following spontaneous ovulation were established. No distinct midcycle peaks of hPRL were observed in either subject. Enormous spikes were observed in daily prolactin values, with wide variations between subjects.
Continuous twenty‐four hour recording of the fetal cardiac rhythm during normal pregnancies
Authors: Lecoutour X. , Treisser A. , Renaud R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractRecording the fetal cardiac rhythm (FCR) is currently the technique most widely used to assess the well being of the fetus. In view of the importance of the decisions taken on the modifications of the FCR, the authors have recorded and analysed over 24 consecutive hours 10 resting women manifesting a strictly normal pregnancy. They observed no modification in the basal cardiac frequency, very few declarations and above all, never any signs of a flat or sinusoidal rhythm. Flattening of the FCR is invariably pathological. It must not be interpreted as “fetal sleep” period, but it should intensify the surveillance.
Placental hemorrhagic endovasculitis: Risk factors and impact on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Stevens Nancy G. , Sander Charles H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo hundred and eighteen cases of hemorrhagic endovasculitis (HEV), a recently recognized abnormality of human placentas, were identified from placentas submitted to the Michigan Placental Tissue Registry over a 2.5‐year period. HEV appears to focus on fetal placental blood vessels with resultant fragmentation and destruction of fetal RBCs, hemorrhage into villous stroma, microthrombi in villous capillaries and non‐exudative necrosis of medium sized chorionic vessels. Placentas without HEV submitted for evaluation from the same hospitals were selected for comparison. Women with HEV placentas were of similar age, race and parity as control women. The sex of the fetus of HEV cases was somewhat more often female (57% vs 48%, P = 0.05). The presence of HEV appeared to have a deleterious effect on the outcome of pregnancy: 52% (112/218) of the HEV placentas were associated with stillborn infants, in contrast to only 22% (89/400) of control placentas. The difference in the proportion of still‐births was greatest when the gestational age was 25 weeks or greater. Other significant positive associations with HEV included the presence of meconium staining, intrauterine growth retardation, smaller placentas, and maternal hypertension or toxemia. Pathologic findings associated with HEV were chronic villitis, erythroblastosis, thrombosis and cord abnormalities. No association was found with infant Apgar score or fetal anomalies. The association of HEV with a high proportion of stillbirths in the registry suggests that further understanding of this lesion might shed light on the problem of unexplained stillbirths.