bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vasculitis in lichen sclerosus: an under recognized feature?
Authors: Regauer S , Liegl B , Reich O , Beham‐Schmid C 
Published: December 2004

Aims : To analyse 90 vulvar and 72 penile cases of lichen sclerosus (LS) on haematoxylin and eosin sections for vascular changes and the vascular infiltrates immunohistochemically with antibodies to T cells, B cells and antigen‐presenting dendritic cells. LS is a skin disease of presumed autoimmune origin. Autoimmune diseases are mediated by lymphocytes which occasionally produce a lymphocytic vasculitis.Methods and results : Three types of lymphocytic infiltrates were identified: (i) perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates without damage to vessel walls; (ii) lymphocytic vasculitis in three forms: (a) concentric lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with lamination of the adventitia by basement membrane material which was typical for penile LS; (b) lymphocytic vasculitis with dense perivascular lymphocytic cuffing with occasional fibrin deposition in vessel walls and subendothelial lymphocyte infiltration, quite common in vulvar LS; and (c) intramural lymphocytic infiltrates in large muscular vessels; (iii) leukocytoclastic vasculitis in LS was exceptionally rare. In lymphocytic vasculitis, CD20+ B cells, CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells were the principal infiltrating cells.Conclusions : Dendritic cells capture (foreign) antigens after entry into the affected tissues and initiate immune responses acting as a matrix on which antigen‐specific T and B cells interact. The described vascular features are indicative of antigen‐mediated vasculitic changes in LS.
British Division of the International Academy of Pathology
Authors: Van Den Tweel J , Howat A J , Shepherd N A , Francis N , Harris C 
Published: December 2004

Forthcoming meetings Spring 2004 Symposium on Dermatopathology. Brussels, Belgium10‐‐15 October 2004 XXVth International Congress. Brisbane, Australia26‐‐27 November 2004 Symposium on Pulmonary Pathology. London, UK
Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumour: a traumatized variant of fibrous dysplasia? Report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Heim‐Hall J M , Williams R P 
Published: December 2004

Aims : To describe the pathological and radiological features of four cases of liposclerosing myxofibrous tumour (LSMFT). LSMFT is a benign fibro‐osseous lesion of bone with a marked predilection for the intertrochanteric region of the proximal femur. It is characterized by a complex mixture of histological elements including fibrous dysplasia‐like bony trabeculae, myxofibrous tissue, lipomatous areas, xanthoma cells and pseudo‐Paget's bone. This lesion is not a universally accepted pathological entity and often appears in the literature under variants of fibrous dysplasia or other benign lytic bone lesions.Methods and results : All lesions exhibited histological and/or radiological overlap with fibrous dysplasia. A relationship to trauma was noted in three of the cases. The hypothesis that these lesions represent a traumatized variant of fibrous dysplasia was explored. After reviewing the biomechanics of the proximal femur, a possible relationship between predilection of LSFMT for this anatomical region and increased susceptibility to fracture was noted.Conclusions : We hypothesize that when fibrous dysplasia involves the proximal femur, it makes the bone more susceptible to fatigue fracture, thereby altering its histological appearance. The wide variety of histological patterns in LSMFT could represent the end result of repeated reaction to fatigue stresses.
Mucin expression in peripheral airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Caramori G , Di Gregorio C , Carlstedt I , Casolari P , Guzzinati I , Adcock I M , Barnes P J , Ciaccia A , Cavallesco G , Chung K F , Papi A 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To study the expression of mucins in peripheral airways in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods and results:  Peripheral lung sections from smokers with COPD (n = 9) and age‐matched controls including smokers (n = 11) and lifelong non‐smokers with normal lung function (n = 6) were stained with alcian blue, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and by immunohistochemistry of mucins (MUC): MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6. Histochemical staining and immunoreactivity of bronchiolar epithelium were graded and the presence or absence of stained mucus in the bronchiolar lumen was evaluated. There were no differences in alcian blue and PAS epithelial staining between the three groups. Intraluminal PAS staining was significantly more frequent among COPD subjects (P < 0.05). The expression of MUC5AC was significantly higher in the bronchiolar epithelium of patients with COPD (P < 0.05). Within the bronchiolar lumen, the predominant mucin was MUC5B. Intraluminal MUC5B was significantly more frequent among COPD patients (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  COPD is specifically associated with increased expression of MUC5B in the bronchiolar lumen and of the mucin MUC5AC in the bronchiolar epithelium. These changes in mucin production in the peripheral airways may contribute to the pathophysiology of COPD.
Cellular retinol‐binding protein‐1 expression in endometrial stromal cells: physiopathological and diagnostic implications
Authors: Orlandi A , Ferlosio A , Ciucci A , Sesti F , Lifschitz‐Mercer B , Gabbiani G , Spagnoli L G , Czernobilsky B 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  Cellular retinol‐binding protein‐1 (CRBP‐1) contributes to the maintenance of the differentiated state of the endometrium through retinol bioavailability regulation. The aim was to analyse CRBP‐1 expression in endometrial stromal cells at eutopic and ectopic sites in different physiopathological conditions.Methods and results:  Antibodies to CRBP‐1, CD10 and α‐smooth muscle actin were applied to proliferative (n = 10), secretory (n = 9) and atrophic (n = 7) endometrium, decidua (n = 4), adenomyosis (n = 5), endometriosis (n = 10), endometrial polyps (n = 9), simple endometrial hyperplasia (n = 6), well‐differentiated endometrioid carcinoma (n = 6) and submucosal leiomyomas (n = 5). In some cases, Western blotting and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were also applied. CRBP‐1 was expressed by eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells more markedly during the late secretory phase and in decidua of pregnancy. CRBP‐1 expression was low in the stroma of atrophic endometrium and absent in myometrium, leiomyomas and cervical stroma. CD10 immunoreactivity was weak in atrophic endometrium and in decidua.Conclusions:  CRBP‐1 expression characterizes endometrial stromal cells at eutopic and ectopic sites and appears to be more specific than CD10. The level of CRBP‐1 varies in intensity according to hormonal variations, reaching its maximum in predecidua and decidua. Thus, immunodetection of CRBP‐1 may help to elucidate the physiopathological changes which occur in endometrial stroma and can also be applied as an adjuvant stromal marker.
Lingual alveolar soft part sarcoma; 14 cases: novel clinical and morphological observations
Authors: Fanburg‐Smith J C , Miettinen M , Folpe A L , Weiss S W , Childers E L B 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare sarcoma in the buttocks or thigh of young adults, often with metastases to lung, brain, or bone. This study examines the morphological and clinical features of lingual ASPS.Methods and results:  Fourteen cases, in eight males and six females (ages 3–21 years, median 5 years), ranged from 8 to 50 mm, median 25 mm. All tumours were intramuscular, circumscribed and multinodular. Tumours from all but the oldest patient exhibited a predominantly solid (non‐alveolar) growth pattern. Vascular invasion was common. Crystals varied in number from none or extremely rare to nearly 100% of tumour cells.Immunohistochemical results:  Fifty percent desmin positive, all focally smooth muscle antigen (SMA) positive; negative for vimentin, neural/melanocytic, myoid, histiocytic, and epithelial markers. All tumours were surgically excised; only two patients received chemotherapy. Follow‐up on 10 patients showed that all patients were alive without disease (4–32, median 22 years). Only one patient had a microscopic metastasis to lung (3 years) but was without disease at 11 years.Conclusions:  Lingual ASPS is a tumour of childhood with a distinctive, predominantly solid growth pattern. Despite typical vascular invasion, the early diagnosis and small tumour size may explain its relatively good outcome.
Effect of an inhibitor of Jun N‐terminal protein kinase, SP600125, in single allergen challenge in sensitized rats
Authors: Eynott Paul R. , Xu Li , Bennett Brydon L. , Noble Alistair , Leung Sum‐Yee , Nath Puneeta , Groneberg David A. , Adcock Ian M. , Chung K. Fan 
Published: December 2004

SummaryJun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases including asthma. We examined the effect of SP600125 (anthra [1,9‐cd] pyrazol‐6 (2H)‐one), a novel inhibitor of JNK in a model of asthma. Brown‐Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin and treated with SP600125 intraperitoneally (90 mg/kg in total). SP600125 inhibited allergen‐induced, increased activity of phosphorylated c‐jun but not of phosphorylated‐MAPKAPK2, indicative of activation of p38 MAPK, in the lung. SP600125 inhibited macrophage (P < 0·04), lymphocyte (P < 0·05), eosinophil (P < 0·04) and neutrophil (P < 0·005) numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage. Eosinophil and T‐cell accumulation in the airways, mRNA expression for interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐β, interleukin‐3, interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐5, serum levels of allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were not affected by SP600125. Selective inhibition of JNK reduced inflammatory cell egress into the airway lumen after single allergen exposure. The role of JNK mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation may be limited in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness after single allergen exposure.
Compound heterozygosity for Pten and SHIP augments T‐dependent humoral immune responses and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells
Authors: Moody J. L. , Jirik F. R. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryTight regulation of the phosphatidylinositiol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway is essential not only for normal immune system development and responsiveness, but also in the prevention of immunopathology. Indeed, unchecked activation of the PI3K pathway in T cells induces lymphoproliferation and systemic autoimmunity. Evaluating the importance of threshold levels of two key PI3K pathway phosphoinositol phosphatases, we previously reported that mice heterozygous for both Pten and SHIP develop a more rapid progression of a lymphoproliferative autoimmune syndrome than do Pten+\− mice. Investigating the basis for this difference, we now describe a quantitative and qualitative difference in the antibody responses of C57BL\6 Pten+\− SHIP+\− mice upon challenge with a T‐dependent antigen. Suspecting that this phenotypic difference might be the result, at least in part, of a T‐helper cell defect, an in vitro analysis of anti‐CD3/interleukin (IL)‐2‐expanded CD4+ T cells was performed. After stimulation with anti‐CD3, cells from mice heterozygous for both Pten and SHIP exhibited a striking increase in IL‐4 secretion (> 10‐fold), without a corresponding increase in T helper 2 (Th2) cell numbers being evident by intracellular staining for this cytokine. Modest increases were also seen for both IL‐13 and IFN‐γ. Perhaps in keeping with this abnormal in vitro cytokine profile, IgG1 serum levels were significantly elevated in young C57BL\6 Pten+\− SHIP+\− mice. Thus, the relative levels of Pten and SHIP appear to be key variables in CD4+ T‐cell function, primarily via their ability to regulate IL‐4 production.
Detection of acid diffusion through bovine dentine after adhesive application
Authors: Hiraishi N. , Kitasako Y. , Nikaido T. , Foxton R. M. , Tagami J. , Nomura S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  Acidic diffusion through bovine dentine was investigated by measuring pH changes on dentine surfaces after applying three adhesive systems.Methodology  Coronal incisor bovine dentine discs, 0.5 mm thick, were prepared from dentine close to the pulp chamber. A single‐bottle adhesive system‐Single Bond, a self‐etching primer system‐Clearfil SE Bond and an ‘all‐in‐one’ adhesive system‐AQ Bond were used. The labial dentine surfaces were conditioned as follows: Single Bond groups: (SB‐1) 35% phosphoric acid etchant was applied and left in place; (SB‐2) the etchant was applied for 15 s and rinsed off for 10 s; (SB‐3) application of adhesive agent and light curing following step SB‐2; Clearfil SE Bond groups: (SE‐1) SE primer was applied for 20 s and dried; (SE‐2) application of adhesive agent and light curing following step SE‐1; AQ Bond groups: (AQ‐1) AQ Bond adhesive was applied for 20 s and dried, applied for additional 5 s and dried again; (AQ‐2) light curing following step AQ‐1. The pH change on the pulpal dentine surface was measured using a pH‐imaging microscope.Results  All the Single Bond groups revealed a lower pH on the pulpal surface (pH 6.25, 6.59 and 6.64 for SB‐1, SB‐2 and SB‐3, respectively) compared with intact dentine. Clearfil SE Bond and AQ Bond groups showed no significant deference in pH value from intact dentine.Conclusions  Acid diffusion from phosphoric acid etching was observed when placed on 0.5 mm‐thick dentine discs; however, there was only limited evidence of acid diffusion from SE primer and AQ Bond.
Electronic apex locators
Authors: Gordon M. P. J. , Chandler N. P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPrior to root canal treatment at least one undistorted radiograph is required to assess canal morphology. The apical extent of instrumentation and the final root filling have a role in treatment success, and are primarily determined radiographically. Electronic apex locators reduce the number of radiographs required and assist where radiographic methods create difficulty. They may also indicate cases where the apical foramen is some distance from the radiographic apex. Other roles include the detection of root canal perforation. A review of the literature focussed first on the subject of electronic apex location. A second review used the names of apex location devices. From the combined searches, 113 pertinent articles in English were found. This paper reviews the development, action, use and types of electronic apex locators.
A soluble fibre gel produced from rice bran and barley flour as a fat replacer in Asian foods
Authors: Inglett George E. , Carriere Craig J. , Maneepun Saipin , Tungtrakul Patcharee 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA hydrocolloidal fibre composite made from rice bran and barley flour, called Ricetrim, was found to have similar rheological properties to coconut cream. Coconut cream displayed a very narrow region of linear viscoelastic behaviour, both above and below strain values of 0.1%, the oscillatory shear modulus dropped sharply with increasing strain, indicating non‐linear viscoelastic behaviour. This region of linear viscoelastic behaviour extended to strains of 10%. When Ricetrim was substituted for coconut cream in Thai foods, it was found to produce acceptable products, but with lower saturated fat contents. Cookies, pumpkin pudding, layer cake, dip for pot crust, taro custard and sauté chicken curry were produced with fat contents reduced by 47.8, 94.3, 59.8, 75.3, 61.3 and 60.6%, respectively. Some differences in flavour and texture were observed at the higher levels of substitution, but these differences appeared to present only small changes in the overall score of general acceptability, or suitability, of the fibre gel foods. Scanning electron micrographs of the pumpkin pudding revealed only small changes in their surfaces with Ricetrim addition, even at higher levels of substitution.
Statistical evaluation of different technological and rheological tests of Polish wheat varieties for bread volume prediction
Authors: Konopka Iwona , Fornal Łucja , Abramczyk Danuta , Rothkaehl Jadwiga , Rotkiewicz Daniela 
Published: December 2004

SummaryForty‐two Polish wheat flour were used to establish correlation coefficients between protein content, Zeleny test, falling number value, amylograph viscosity, farinograph water absorption, bread volume and rheological properties of dough, as shown by use of a extrusion chamber and alveograph. The equations expressing the changes of bread volume and flour water absorption as a function of significantly correlated parameters were calculated. The correlations and their significance depended on wheat quality and the alveographic parameters were significantly correlated with the dough extrusion parameters. The dough extrusion parameters were significantly correlated only with the water absorption of soft wheats. The dough rheological tests were correlated to a greater extent with the values of the Zeleny test than to the protein content. The prediction of the bread volume as a function of flour quality parameters and dough rheological properties was best done by grouping wheat varieties into specific qualitative classes.
Successional patterns on pen shell communities at local and regional scales
Authors: Munguia Pablo 
Published: December 2004

Summary

I present a successional study of marine organisms on pen shells (Atrina rigida) at different regions of St Joe Bay, Florida. By incorporating measures of relative abundance and assembly time I show how the relationship between local and regional diversity develops through different successional stages.
The results showed that, with time, motile species richness increases significantly while evenness indices remain high and constant. Sessile species, on the other hand, increased in both species richness and evenness through time.
For the motile species, regions seem to remain different while local saturation is observed. These results suggest that this group is under species‐sorting: species are mobile enough that recruits and adult dispersal within a region maintain differences among regions, while local communities are saturated.
For the sessile species, the local–regional relationship was unsaturated at all sampling dates with both untransformed and rarefied data. Regions are initially similar in community structure, then differ through time to become similar again at the last sampling date. This may reflect a priority effect: propagules that arrive at a shell may initially exert influence on the species composition on a shell, so that at intermediate sampling times regions differ in community structure. However, at the last sampling there were no differences detected among regions, suggesting that dispersal distances might be larger for this group of species.
These results suggest the following. (1) The degree of species saturation will depend on the successional stage of a community. (2) Incorporating species abundances (i.e. through rarefaction or other techniques) demonstrates the role of species commonness or rarity in determining patterns of community diversity at different scales. (3) Depending on the group of species studied, the size of the region will vary and will influence the local–regional dynamics: the perceived region for sessile species may be larger than for motile species.
Age of primiparity and implications of early reproduction on life history in female Columbian ground squirrels
Authors: Neuhaus P. , Broussard D. R. , Murie J. O. , Dobson F. S. 
Published: December 2004

Summary

Factors leading to differences in age of primiparity and possible life‐history implications arising from these differences were studied in a population of Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus; Ord, 1815). We used data collected from 1992 to 2000 on two neighbouring colonies of ground squirrels in south‐eastern Alberta, Canada.
Earlier born females were more likely to wean successfully a litter at the age of 2. Among 2‐year‐old females, those who emerged earlier and heavier from hibernation were more likely to wean offspring than those females who emerged later and lighter from hibernation. The presence of the mother had a significant positive impact on reproductive output in 2‐year‐old females.
Although there was a positive correlation between lifetime reproductive success and age at death, there was no difference in lifetime reproductive success or in age at death, depending on age of primiparity. For individual females, litter size at weaning at 2 years old did not differ from that at 3 years old.
We conclude that body condition, presence or absence of the mother and environmental conditions are the main factors leading to differences in age of first successful reproduction in Columbian ground squirrels. Previous breeding experience does not seem to play a role in determining reproductive success. Finally, differences in age of first successful reproduction do not seem to have an effect on lifetime reproductive success or longevity.
Dietary macro‐ and micronutrient intakes of nonsupplemented pre‐ and postmenopausal women with a perspective on menopause‐associated diseases1
Authors: Massé P. G. , Dosy J. , Tranchant C. C. , Dallaire R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectives  To assess the dietary intakes and diet quality of menopausal women relative to premenopausal women, and to determine whether their diets are compatible with reducing risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis.Design  Cross‐sectional study using 3‐day food records and anthropometric measurements.Subjects  Thirty apparently healthy, nonoestrogen using and nonsupplemented women menopausal since 3–5 years and 30 well‐matched premenopausal women.Outcome measures  Nutrient intakes, diet nutrient density, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio and serum oestradiol.Results  Energy intake and body weight of pre‐ and postmenopausal women were comparable. Their BMI, waist circumference and waist‐to‐hip ratios were within healthy ranges. The diet of postmenopausal women was compatible (less total lipids and saturated fatty acids; more fibres, antioxidant vitamins and potassium) with North American nutritional recommendations linked to cardiovascular health. Their dietary iron intakes exceeded their reduced physiological need, which may jeopardize their cardiovascular system. Their calcium and vitamin D intakes were far below recommendations for healthy bones. Five other nutrients were also suboptimal. Phosphorus intake (high in both groups) correlated with dietary proteins, sulphur amino acids and calcium.Conclusions  The diet of the postmenopausal women studied were more compatible with national nutritional recommendations than that of premenopausal controls. However, these postmenopausal women, not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and having inadequate dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes, may be at increased risk of osteoporotic fracture later in life. More studies on CVD risk inherent to body iron accumulation involving a large number of postmenopausal women are warranted before planning public health measures regarding dietary iron intake.