bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staring at the Sun with the Keck Planet Finder: An Autonomous Solar Calibrator for High Signal-to-noise Sun-as-a-star Spectra
Authors: Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Halverson Samuel , Walawender Josh , Hill Grant M. , Howard Andrew W. , Brown Matthew , Ida Evan , Tehero Jerez , Fulton Benjamin J. , Gibson Steven R. , Kassis Marc , Smith Brett , Wold Truman , Payne Joel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) measurements contend with internal noise (instrumental systematics) and external noise (intrinsic stellar variability) on the road to 10 cm s−1 “exo-Earth” sensitivity. Both of these noise sources are well-probed using “Sun-as-a-star” RVs and cross-instrument comparisons. We built the Solar Calibrator (SoCal), an autonomous system that feeds stable, disk-integrated sunlight to the recently commissioned Keck Planet Finder (KPF) at the W. M. Keck Observatory. With SoCal, KPF acquires signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ∼ 1200, R = 98,000 optical (445–870 nm) spectra of the Sun in 5 s exposures at unprecedented cadence for an EPRV facility using KPF’s fast readout mode (<16 s between exposures). Daily autonomous operation is achieved by defining an operations loop using state machine logic. Data affected by clouds are automatically flagged using a reliable quality control metric derived from simultaneous irradiance measurements. Comparing solar data across the growing global network of EPRV spectrographs with solar feeds will allow EPRV teams to disentangle internal and external noise sources and benchmark spectrograph performance. To facilitate this, all SoCal data products are immediately available to the public on the Keck Observatory Archive. We compared SoCal RVs to contemporaneous RVs from NEID, the only other immediately public EPRV solar data set. We find agreement at the 30–40 cm s−1 level on timescales of several hours, which is comparable to the combined photon-limited precision. Data from SoCal were also used to assess a detector problem and wavelength calibration inaccuracies associated with KPF during early operations. Long-term SoCal operations will collect upwards of 1000 solar spectra per six-hour day using KPF’s fast readout mode, enabling stellar activity studies at high S/N on our nearest solar-type star.
A comprehensive study for improving the working parameters for the design of a PSA-based oxygen concentrator
Authors: Shrivastava Siddhant , Verma Abhishek , Ramkumar Janakarajan , Aryal Rupendra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Oxygen concentrators (OC) are medical devices that supply oxygen by separating nitrogen from the atmospheric air. The functionality of PSA-based OC majorly depends on internal pressure dynamics, cycle timing accuracy, orifice dimensioning for flow and pressure regulation, selection of zeolite, air moisture content, and others. This study aimed to develop an improved OC with sustainable performance by optimizing these key parameters. Initially, lithium and sodium-based zeolite adsorbents were experimentally compared, and it was determined that lithium-based 13X zeolite with particle size 0.4–0.8 mm is more effective for OC. An optimization study was performed for the orifice diameter for the required flow rate, purity, and pressure. The 1 mm hole diameter orifice was concluded to deliver the most optimal functionality. The results were validated via analytical and numerical study, which can further be interpolated for higher flow rate OC. After investigation, it was concluded that filters having zeolite with 10%–15% alumina would effectively remove moisture from the air for sustainable OC. An intensive experimental study was conducted to evaluate the cycle timing under optimum operating circumstances, and it was determined that the overall cycle timing is 12–14 s, with flushing accounting for 5%–8% and recharging accounting for 8%–10% of production time. The research developed 10 LPM OC with 95% purity, a recovery rate of 38.46%, and a BSF of 57.2 kgs/TPDO2. Later, the OC was certified by an ISO-13485 prototyping facility and tested in various hospitals, followed by commercialization. The system’s performance was found to be superior to that of other commercialized products.
Aesthetic Improvement of Body Proportion Through Trunk Liposculpture: A Waistline-based Strategy
Authors: Lv Qianwen , Gu Yunpeng , Sun Xuejian , Yang Mingzi , Li Jiyang , Xin Minqiang , Han Xuefeng , Ma Guie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Abdominal contouring through liposuction has been practiced for decades. However, few studies have focused on describing the definition and enhancement of the waistline in torso contouring procedures.

Objectives
In the present study, the authors proposed a waistline-based strategy for abdominal liposculpture to achieve a better aesthetic outcome and emphasize high overall patient satisfaction.

Methods
The data of patients who underwent the waistline-based liposculpture procedure from 2020 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Aesthetic improvement of the central trunk contour was evaluated and analyzed by comparing preoperative and postoperative photogrammetric measurements. Satisfaction with the outcome was assessed with a patient satisfaction questionnaire.

Results
A total of 70 patients were enrolled in this study. During 6 months of postoperative evaluation, the shape of the central trunk contour improved significantly (both waist concavity and hip convexity increased quantitatively, P &lt; .05), while the position of the waist did not differ significantly postoperatively (P &gt; .05). All patients were satisfied with their postoperative outcomes, including their overall aesthetic appearance, waistline position, and waist-to-hip ratio. There were no intraoperative complications or rare postoperative complications.

Conclusions
Waistline-based liposculpture is a simple and effective procedure to improve the aesthetic outcomes of trunk contouring and has highly satisfactory results after long-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence: 5
D2H2: diabetes data and hypothesis hub
Authors: Marino Giacomo B , Ahmed Nasheath , Xie Zhuorui , Jagodnik Kathleen M , Han Jason , Clarke Daniel J B , Lachmann Alexander , Keller Mark P , Attie Alan D , Ma’ayan Avi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Motivation
There is a rapid growth in the production of omics datasets collected by the diabetes research community. However, such published data are underutilized for knowledge discovery. To make bioinformatics tools and published omics datasets from the diabetes field more accessible to biomedical researchers, we developed the Diabetes Data and Hypothesis Hub (D2H2).

Results
D2H2 contains hundreds of high-quality curated transcriptomics datasets relevant to diabetes, accessible via a user-friendly web-based portal. The collected and processed datasets are curated from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Each curated study has a dedicated page that provides data visualization, differential gene expression analysis, and single-gene queries. To enable the investigation of these curated datasets and to provide easy access to bioinformatics tools that serve gene and gene set-related knowledge, we developed the D2H2 chatbot. Utilizing GPT, we prompt users to enter free text about their data analysis needs. Parsing the user prompt, together with specifying information about all D2H2 available tools and workflows, we answer user queries by invoking the most relevant tools via the tools’ API. D2H2 also has a hypotheses generation module where gene sets are randomly selected from the bulk RNA-seq precomputed signatures. We then find highly overlapping gene sets extracted from publications listed in PubMed Central with abstract dissimilarity. With the help of GPT, we speculate about a possible explanation of the high overlap between the gene sets. Overall, D2H2 is a platform that provides a suite of bioinformatics tools and curated transcriptomics datasets for hypothesis generation.

Availability and implementation
D2H2 is available at: https://d2h2.maayanlab.cloud/ and the source code is available from GitHub at https://github.com/MaayanLab/D2H2-site under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Is recovery just the beginning? Persistent symptoms and health and performance deterioration in post-COVID-19, non-hospitalized university students—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Latifi Ashkan , Flegr Jaroslav 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany individuals experience persistent symptoms such as deteriorated physical and mental health, increased fatigue, and reduced cognitive performance months after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is limited data on the long-term trajectory and prevalence of these symptoms, especially in milder cases. Our study aimed to assess the persistent effects of COVID-19 on physical and mental health, fatigue, and cognitive performance in a cohort of 214 students, averaging 21.8 years of age. Of these, 148 had contracted COVID-19 but were not hospitalized, with the time since infection ranging from 1 to 39 months. We utilized a comprehensive panel of cognitive tests to measure intelligence, memory, and psychomotor skills, and a detailed anamnestic questionnaire to evaluate physical and mental health. While contracting COVID-19 did not significantly impact overall health and performance, it was associated with increased reports of fatigue. However, the reported severity of the disease had a pronounced negative influence on physical health, mental well-being, fatigue, and reaction time. Trends of improvement in physical and mental health, as well as error rate, were observed within the first 2 years post-infection. However, fatigue and reaction time showed a trend of deterioration. Beyond the 2-year mark, physical health and error rate continued to improve, while mental health began to deteriorate. Fatigue and reaction time continued to decline. Overall, our findings suggest that some effects of contracting COVID-19 can persist or even deteriorate over time, even in younger individuals who had mild cases that did not require hospitalization.
Integrating direct electrical brain stimulation with the human connectome
Authors: Coletta Ludovico , Avesani Paolo , Zigiotto Luca , Venturini Martina , Annicchiarico Luciano , Vavassori Laura , Ng Sam , Duffau Hugues , Sarubbo Silvio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions are a major public health concern for which new therapies are urgently needed. The development of effective therapies relies on the precise mapping of the neural substrates causally involved in behaviour generation. Direct electrical stimulation (DES) performed during cognitive and neurological monitoring in awake surgery is currently considered the gold standard for the causal mapping of brain functions. However, DES is limited by the focal nature of the stimulation sites, hampering a real holistic exploration of human brain functions at the network level.
We used 4137 DES points derived from 612 glioma patients in combination with human connectome data—resting-state functional MRI, n = 1000 and diffusion weighted imaging, n = 284—to provide a multimodal description of the causal macroscale functional networks subtending 12 distinct behavioural domains. To probe the validity of our procedure, we (i) compared the network topographies of healthy and clinical populations; (ii) tested the predictive capacity of DES-derived networks; (iii) quantified the coupling between structural and functional connectivity; and (iv) built a multivariate model able to quantify single subject deviations from a normative population. Lastly, we probed the translational potential of DES-derived functional networks by testing their specificity and sensitivity in identifying critical neuromodulation targets and neural substrates associated with postoperative language deficits.
The combination of DES and human connectome data resulted in an average 29.4-fold increase in whole brain coverage compared to DES alone. DES-derived functional networks are predictive of future stimulation points (97.8% accuracy) and strongly supported by the anatomical connectivity of subcortical stimulations. We did not observe any significant topographical differences between the patients and the healthy population at both group and single subject level. Showcasing concrete clinical applications, we found that DES-derived functional networks overlap with effective neuromodulation targets across several functional domains, show a high degree of specificity when tested with the intracranial stimulation points of a different stimulation technique and can be used effectively to characterize postoperative behavioural deficits.
The integration of DES with the human connectome fundamentally advances the quality of the functional mapping provided by DES or functional imaging alone. DES-derived functional networks can reliably predict future stimulation points, have a strong correspondence with the underlying white matter and can be used for patient specific functional mapping. Possible applications range from psychiatry and neurology to neuropsychology, neurosurgery and neurorehabilitation.
Verifying the Equivalence of Hawthorn Leaves Standard Decoction and Formula Granules by LC–MS and Oxidative Stress Test
Authors: Wang Ling-Di , Gao Jing-Yun , Duan Li-Ying , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To verify the equivalence of hawthorn leaves standard decoction and formula granules.

Methods
In this experiment, liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC–MS) was used to examine the chemical composition of hawthorn leaves standard decoction and formula granules, separately. In addition, oxidative stress test was used to explore the antioxidant capacity of them.

Results
71 chemical components were identified by LC–MS. Among them, 64 and 56 compounds were identified in the standard decoction and formula granules, respectively. There were a total of 49 common components, with no significant difference in content. Oxidative stress test showed that hawthorn leaves standard decoction and formula granules had no obvious toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Compared with the model group, the same dose of hawthorn leaves formula granule and standard decoction could inhibit the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde (P &lt; 0.05), and increase the content of superoxide dismutase (P &lt; 0.01), with no statistically significant difference.

Conclusions
There is no significant difference in the main active ingredients between the standard decoction and the formula granules, and the antioxidant activity in vitro is equivalent, providing an important theoretical basis for the further development of hawthorn leaves formula granules.
Ethnicity and IgA nephropathy: worldwide differences in epidemiology, timing of diagnosis, clinical manifestations, management and prognosis
Authors: Lee Mingfeng , Suzuki Hitoshi , Nihei Yoshihito , Matsuzaki Keiichi , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis, is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease. Significant variances in epidemiology, clinical manifestation, timing of diagnosis, management and renal prognosis of IgAN have been reported worldwide. The incidence of IgAN is the most frequent in Asia, followed by Europe, and lower in Africa. Moreover, Asian patients show more frequent acute lesions in renal histology and present poorer renal outcomes compared with Caucasians. The comorbidities also show the difference between Asians and Caucasians. Although the frequency of gross hematuria with upper respiratory tract infection is not different, comorbidities with gastrointestinal diseases are reported to be higher in Europe. Recently, genetic studies for variant ethnic patients revealed widely ranging genetic risks in each ethnicity. A genetic risk score is most elevated in Asians, intermediate in Europeans and lowest in Africans, consistent with the disease prevalence of IgAN globally. Ethnic variance might be highly affected by the difference in genetic background. However, it is also essential to mention that the different timing of diagnosis due to variant urinary screening systems and the indication for renal biopsy in different countries may also contribute to these variances. The management of IgAN also varies internationally. Currently, several novel therapies based on the pathogenesis of IgAN are being assessed and are expected to become available soon. Further understanding the ethnic variance of IgAN might help establish individualized care for this disease. Here, we review the issues of ethnic heterogeneities of IgAN.
The contribution of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and other TNF superfamily members in pathogenesis and progression of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Yeo See Cheng , Barratt Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) have led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and potential disease-specific treatments. Specifically, a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IgAN, mediating B-cell dysregulation and overproduction of pathogenic galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1). Animal and clinical studies support the involvement of APRIL in the pathogenesis and progression of IgAN. An elevated level of APRIL is found in IgAN when compared with controls, which correlates with the level of Gd-IgA1 and associates with more severe disease presentation and worse outcomes. Conversely, anti-APRIL therapy reduces pathogenic Gd-IgA1 and IgA immune complex formation and ameliorates the severity of kidney inflammation and injury. Genome-wide association studies in IgAN have identified TNFSF13 and TNFRSF13B, a cytokine ligand-receptor gene pair encoding APRIL and its receptor, respectively, as risk susceptibility loci in IgAN, further supporting the causal role of the APRIL signalling pathway in IgAN. Several novel experimental agents targeting APRIL, including atacicept, telitacicept, zigakibart and sibeprenlimab, are currently under investigation as potential therapies in IgAN. Preliminary results suggest that these agents are well-tolerated, and reduce levels of Gd-IgA1, with corresponding improvement in proteinuria. Further studies are ongoing to confirm the safety and efficacy of anti-APRIL approaches as an effective therapeutic strategy in IgAN.
The influence of tourist visitation on the heterophyl to lymphocyte ratios and trophic values of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Martillo Island, Argentina
Authors: Harris Sabrina , Scioscia Gabriela , Raya Rey Andrea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Wildlife tourism is increasing worldwide and monitoring the impact of tourism on wild populations is of the utmost importance for species conservation. The Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus colony at Martillo Island, Argentina, was studied in the 2016–2020 breeding seasons. In all seasons, adults and chicks belonged to: (i) an area close to or within the tourist trail or (ii) an area far from the tourist trail and out of sight of the tourists. Blood samples were taken for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition, in order to estimate trophic niches, and for smears that were made in situ and were then stained in the laboratory where leucocyte counts and differentiation were made under optical microscope. Heterophil to lymphocyte ratios were used as proxies of stress. Repeated sampling showed individual stress levels reduced while wintering. In 2017, stress levels and trophic values were lower than 2018 for the same individuals. Trophic levels did not differ between tourism and no tourism areas within each season, and differed between 2017 and the remaining seasons, indicating a possible diet shift that year. Stress levels were higher for the tourism area than the no tourism area for adults and chicks in all years except for 2020, when stress levels in the tourism area were lower and similar to the no tourism area that year and previous years. Vessel transit within the Beagle Channel and tourist visitation to the penguin colony was greatly reduced in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. A combination of internal characteristics and external factors may be affecting the stress physiology of individuals. Therefore, future research should include sampling of multiple aspects of penguin physiology, behaviour and environmental context in order to evaluate each effect on Magellanic penguin stress and, ultimately, inform the conservation of this iconic species in time.
‘Trapped re-entry’ as source of acute focal atrial arrhythmias
Authors: De Coster Tim , Teplenin Alexander S , Feola Iolanda , Bart Cindy I , Ramkisoensing Arti A , den Ouden Bram L , Ypey Dirk L , Trines Serge A , Panfilov Alexander V , Zeppenfeld Katja , de Vries Antoine A F , Pijnappels Daniël A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Diseased atria are characterized by functional and structural heterogeneities, adding to abnormal impulse generation and propagation. These heterogeneities are thought to lie at the origin of fractionated electrograms recorded during sinus rhythm (SR) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and are assumed to be involved in the onset and perpetuation (e.g. by re-entry) of this disorder. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain incompletely understood. Here, we tested whether regions of dense fibrosis could create an electrically isolated conduction pathway (EICP) in which re-entry could be established via ectopy and local block to become ‘trapped’. We also investigated whether this could generate local fractionated electrograms and whether the re-entrant wave could ‘escape’ and cause a global tachyarrhythmia due to dynamic changes at a connecting isthmus.

Methods and results
To precisely control and explore the geometrical properties of EICPs, we used light-gated depolarizing ion channels and patterned illumination for creating specific non-conducting regions in silico and in vitro. Insight from these studies was used for complementary investigations in virtual human atria with localized fibrosis. We demonstrated that a re-entrant tachyarrhythmia can exist locally within an EICP with SR prevailing in the surrounding tissue and identified conditions under which re-entry could escape from the EICP, thereby converting a local latent arrhythmic source into an active driver with global impact on the heart. In a realistic three-dimensional model of human atria, unipolar epicardial pseudo-electrograms showed fractionation at the site of ‘trapped re-entry’ in coexistence with regular SR electrograms elsewhere in the atria. Upon escape of the re-entrant wave, acute arrhythmia onset was observed.

Conclusions
Trapped re-entry as a latent source of arrhythmogenesis can explain the sudden onset of focal arrhythmias, which are able to transgress into AF. Our study might help to improve the effectiveness of ablation of aberrant cardiac electrical signals in clinical practice.