bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-polarization-locked vortex beam generator with time-varying characteristics
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Li Yongfeng , Yang Hao , Liang Shuang , Zheng Lin , Qin Zhe , Zhu Zhibiao , Chen Hongya , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are considered to hold significant prospects in fields such as super-resolution imaging, high-capacity communications, and quantum optics. Therefore, the techniques of vortex beam generation have attracted extensive studies, in which the development of metasurfaces brings new vigor and vitality to it. However, the generation of reconfigurable vortex beams by metasurfaces at the incidence of arbitrary polarized electromagnetic (EM) waves holds challenges. In this study, an efficient and reconfigurable strategy utilizing PB phase-modulated circularly polarized waves and dynamic phase-modulated linearly polarized waves is proposed, enabling a polarization-locked fully polarization vortex beams generator. Based on this strategy, we designed and fabricated a prototype of the vortex beam generator for full polarization, which verifies the rotating Doppler effect and generates a time-varying vortex beam. All the results have been verified by simulation and measurements. In addition, the proposed strategy can be easily extended to other frequency regions and holds potential in areas such as information encryption, biosensing, and OAM multiplexing communication.
Impact of Preferred Written Language in Patients Discharged With Bronchiolitis From a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Jeffries Kristyn N. , Mundy Allison , Williford Dustin E. , Slagle Brittany , Filipek Jacob , Cantu Rebecca M. 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify differences in length of stay and readmission in patients admitted with bronchiolitis based on preferred written language. A secondary aim was to assess adherence to providing written discharge instructions in patients’ preferred language.

METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, we included 384 patients aged 0 to 2 years discharged from 2 children’s hospitals with bronchiolitis from May 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022; patients were excluded for history of prematurity, complex chronic condition, or ICU stay during the study period. A manual chart review was performed to determine preferred written language and language of written discharge instructions.

RESULTS
Patients preferring a written language other than English had a longer length of stay compared with English-preferring patients (37.9 vs 34.3 hours, P &lt; .05), but there was no significant difference in unplanned 7-day readmissions. All patients who preferred English and Spanish received written discharge instructions in their preferred written language; no patients with other preferred languages did.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who preferred a written language other than English had a longer length of stay than those preferring English but there was no difference in 7-day readmissions, though power for readmissions was limited. The study also identified significant disparities in the provision of written discharge instructions in languages other than English and Spanish.
Pediatric Tuberculosis Infection Care Facilitators and Barriers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Adusumelli Yamini , Tabatneck Mary , Sherman Susan , Lamb Gabriella , Sabharwal Vishakha , Goldmann Don , Epee-Bounya Alexandra , Haberer Jessica E. , Sandora Thomas J. , Campbell Jeffrey I. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
A total of 700 000 US children and adolescents are estimated to have latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Identifying facilitators and barriers to engaging in TB infection care is critical to preventing pediatric TB disease. We explored families’ and clinicians’ perspectives on pediatric TB infection diagnosis and care.

METHODS
We conducted individual interviews and small group discussions with primary care and subspecialty clinicians, and individual interviews with caregivers of children diagnosed with TB infection. We sought to elicit facilitators and barriers to TB infection care engagement. We used applied thematic analysis to elucidate themes relating to care engagement, and organized themes using a cascade-grounded pediatric TB infection care engagement framework.

RESULTS
We enrolled 19 caregivers and 24 clinicians. Key themes pertaining to facilitators and barriers to care emerged that variably affected engagement at different steps of care. Clinic and health system themes included the application of risk identification strategies and communication of risk; care ecosystem accessibility; programs to reduce cost-related barriers; and medication adherence support. Patient- and family-level themes included TB knowledge and beliefs; trust in clinicians, tests, and medical institutions; behavioral skills; child development and parenting; and family resources.

CONCLUSIONS
Risk identification, education techniques, trust, family resources, TB stigma, and care ecosystem accessibility enabled or impeded care cascade engagement. Our results delineate an integrated pediatric TB infection care engagement framework that can inform multilevel interventions to improve retention in the pediatric TB infection care cascade.
Delay discounting of protected sex and compulsive sexual behavior in women with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Finkenstaedt Maja , Biedermann Daniel , Schröder Johanna , Mazinan Rose Gholami , Fuss Johannes , Biedermann Sarah V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health condition characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and unstable interpersonal relationships. Some individuals with BPD regularly engage in sexual risk behavior such as unprotected sex and are at higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. This study investigates discounting of condom- or dental dam-protected sex in women with BPD compared with a control group.MethodsData were collected from 40 women diagnosed with BPD and 40 healthy controls with an average age of 27.28 years (SD = 6.14) using the Sexual Delay Discounting Task (SDT), the Borderline Symptom List-23 (BSL-23), and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale-19 (CSBD-19).ResultsWomen with BPD were less likely to use an immediately available condom or dental dam and more likely to discount safer sex than controls. Partner desirability and the perceived STI risk influenced the participants' likelihood of having protected sex. Women with BPD showed more symptoms of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) than controls. However, sexual delay discounting was not significantly correlated with borderline symptoms or CSB in the BPD group.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings contribute to our understanding of sexual impulsivity in women with BPD and highlight the omission and delayed availability of safety measures as important contributors to sexual risk behavior and STI risk in women. Impulsive sexual behavior, as well as the accompanying sexual health concerns, should receive special attention in the treatment of women with BPD.
The effect of piezocision in canine distalization: A prospective split-mouth study
Authors: Kamboj Ashish , Pradhan Ishan , Vats Raghuvinder S , Thakur Vivek Kumar , Datana Sanjeev , Sharma Mohit , Jain Amit 
Published: February 2024

: This study evaluated the duration for distalization of canine and the amount of root resorption with and without piezocision. : The study sample consisted of 15 adult patients in a prospective split-mouth study design, requiring therapeutic extraction of bilateral maxillary first premolar and bilateral canine distalization. The subjects were evaluated for the time taken for the maxillary canine to achieve a positive contact with the maxillary second premolars bilaterally. Intervention in form of piezocision was carried out on one side of the maxillary arch using piezotome vis-a viz the control side. The study further uses pre & post CBCT records to evaluate the amount of blunting of the maxillary canine root apexes bilaterally when distalization was completed. : Duration of canine retraction in the piezocision group was 4.66 ± 0.52 months which is comparatively faster than that of the control group which took almost 5.72 ± 0.65 months. : The study concluded that the use of piezocision in cases of individual maxillary canine retraction results in a shorter duration of maxillary canine distalization and overall treatment time, with no significant difference in root resorption with or without piezocision.
Management of anchor loss with the use of infrazygomatic implants – A case series
Authors: Shivangi  , Kumar Mukesh , Goyal Manish , Nongthombam Haripriya , Kumar Sumit 
Published: February 2024

The mesial tipping of the first molar marks the onset of anchorage loss, and changes in the angulation of the first molar are closely related to anchorage loss. Despite the various treatment strategy, different patients show different tendencies towards anchorage loss, which influences the treatment results and must be managed. The quest for search for an ideal intraoral anchorage device has led orthodontists to micro-implants or temporary anchorage devices (TADs), which offer to solve one of the greatest dilemmas of “anchorage control. The use of miniscrews has been increased recently due to their ease of insertion and removal, reasonable cost, biocompatibility and capability to withstand orthodontic forces The introduction of the mini screw and infrazygomatic implant has provided orthodontists with a solution to the significant challenge of "anchorage control." This case series describes the successful management of anchor loss with the infrazygomatic implant(IZC) that occurred during premolar extraction space closure in a Class I and Class II malocclusion patients with severely proclined maxillary incisors.
İRAN’IN FARS VİLÂYETİNDE YAŞAYAN YERLEŞİK TÜRKLERİN NÜFUS VE YERLEŞİM YERLERİ
Authors: BEKBABAYİ Behruz , GHOLAMRAHMANİ Yasamin 
Published: February 2024

İran’da çeşitli Türk boylarının yaşadığı bilinmektedir. Ancak bu Türk toplulukları hakkında henüz detaylı bilgiler ortaya çıkmış değildir. Örneğin bunların Türkçenin hangi ağzını konuştuklarını, hangi ağız özelliklerini taşıdıklarını, yerleşim yerleri ve yerleşim özellikleri, folklorları ve edebiyatları hakkında bilgi eksikliği söz konusudur.
İran Türkleri hakkında söz konusu bilgileri edinmek için başvurabileceğimiz tek kaynak 1949’da İran ordusu tarafından yapılan istatistiktir. Bu istatistik İran ordusu tarafından on cilt halinde yayımlanmıştır. İran’da şimdiye kadar yapılan resmî istatistikler arasında sadece bu istatistikte etnikler ve onların konuştukları dil, sayıları, yerleşim yerleri ve üretimleri hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İran Türklerine ait bilgileri ise Tebrizli Albay Mahmut Penahiyan adlı bir şahıs bu istatistiklere dayanarak 1972 yılında dört cilt halinde yayımlamıştır.
Bu yazıda İran Türkleri hakkındaki temel bilgiler 1949 yılında yapılan bu istatistiklere dayanmaktadır. Bu istatistiklere dayanarak İran’ın Fars vilâyetinde yaşayan Türklerin yerleşim yerleri ve sayları çizelgelerde verilip haritalar üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca bu bilgiler, yerleşim adları üzerinden 2011 yılında yapılan istatistiklere dayanarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu arada İran’ın Fars vilâyetindeki Türklerin bugünkü durumu tespit edilmeye çalışılmış. 1949 yılında yapılan istatikte geçen bazı hatalara ve bilgi eksikliğine de değinilmiş ve dönemin bilgileriyle günümüz bilgiler karşılaştırılarak sonuçlar incelenip tartışılmıştır.
Bu çalışma İran’da yaşayan Türklerin yerlerini ve sayılarını belirlemeyi hedeflemiştir. Dolayısıyla gelecek çalışmalara özellikle ağız çalışmalarına ve dil atlası hazırlanmasında kolaylık sağlayacağı kanaatindeyiz.
The Existence of Chinese Language in The Globalization Era
Authors: Murtadhoh Nuzulul Luthfi , Arini Wulan 
Published: February 2024

<p>In an era of globalization marked by ever-stronger digital connectivity and close economic growth, languages play an important role in cross-cultural communication and international trade. Mandarin, being the official language of the People's Republic of China and the mother tongue of approximately one billion individuals worldwide, is one language that has a prominent role in this context. This article discusses the existence of Mandarin in the era of globalization. Mandarin is quite important in the context of the global economy, in line with the rapid economic growth in China, which is becoming a very influential world economic power. This article is written using a qualitative method by using supporting literature such as books and journals. Globalization brings real business and cultural exchange opportunities, and Mandarin holds the key to maximizing the benefits of these opportunities. The findings of this study are that many language learners are interested in learning Mandarin. In addition, the popularity of Chinese as the second most spoken language outside of China continues to increase, especially in education in schools and language study centres worldwide. Nevertheless, the existence of Mandarin Chinese also faces various obstacles and barriers in the era of globalization. Despite these obstacles, the potential and opportunities in intercultural communication, global economy, and diplomacy continue to grow. Overall, the Chinese have an increasingly important role in the era of globalization. It reflects the ongoing global changes and the importance of cross-cultural understanding to maintain world peace in an increasingly connected world.</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: -35px; top: 21px;"> </div>
Potential and Barriers to Development in Atule'er Village
Authors: Styawati Endah , Kristy Abelia 
Published: February 2024

<p>Tourist villages, in general, are rural areas with several characteristics worthy of being used as tourist destinations. It has several supporting factors, such as a unique location, unique accessibility to the village and a socio-economic system that also colours the tourist village. The village with steep stairs leading to the sky in the Daliang Mountains, Atule'er Village, Sichuan Province, China, is known as "Cliff Village". There are 2,556 steps to enter the village. Some areas have slopes of almost 90 degrees. The harvest is abundant, but it cannot be transported out due to the difficulty of access to the outside, which requires climbing down a cliff, and transportation still needs to be improved. This research aims to determine the development potential and obstacles of Atule'er Village in Sichuan Province, China. Apart from that, it also seeks to discover the challenges faced in the development process of Atule'er Village. The method used in this research is qualitative, utilizing literary sources such as books, journals and relevant related materials, which are used to collect data about the development potential and obstacles faced by Atule'er Village, Sichuan Province, China. The research results concluded that Atule'er Village, or what is usually called "Cliff Village", is a unique tourist village located around 800 meters above ground level, with a million good and bad stories and continues to grow to become "Tebing Village". "This has been talked about a lot and even become famous.</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: -43px; top: 21px;"> </div>
Permeability Modeling of Pore Shapes, Compaction, Sorption, and Molecular Diffusivity in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Afagwu Clement , Alafnan Saad , Mahmoud Mohamed A. , Alajmei Shabeeb , Patil Shirish 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Shale and ultratight gas reservoirs are multiscale, containing organic matter (OM) and inorganic minerals in multiple pore compartments of different pore shapes and scales. Selecting a suitable model to describe the multiscale transport mechanisms requires a minimum understanding of the inherent pore shape, OM content, typical pore size, and inherent flow regime. Interestingly, during gas production and associated pressure depletion, some mechanisms, such as pore compressibility, pore diffusion, and diffusion of sorbed gas molecules, become significant at lower pressure. In this study, multiscale and multiphysics permeability models are introduced that couple the effects of poroelasticity (especially in slit-shaped pores with &lt;1.0 aspect ratio) and sorbed gas diffusion, Fick diffusion, transition diffusion, or Knudsen diffusion, depending on the pore structural properties at multiscale for shale and ultratight gas applications. Shale here refers to organic-rich low-permeability rock with &gt;1–2 wt% OM, while ultratight gas has negligible organic content with &lt;1.0 wt%. These experimentally and computationally validated models could be combined with Gaussian pressure transient solutions to effectively understand the uncertainty in multiphysics gas permeability in addition to the hydraulic and natural fracture parameters for large-scale flow simulation of hydraulically fractured unconventional reservoirs.
Global patterns and drivers of dissolved organic matter across Earth systems: Insights from H/C and O/C ratios
Authors: Hu Ang , Han Lei , Lu Xiancai , Zhang Ganlin , Wang Jianjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous and contains a complex pool of thousands of distinct molecules, and their chemical characteristics help us inform the fate of global carbon. Yet, a more holistic perspective of molecular characteristics of DOM and underlying mechanisms across Earth systems and climates remain understudied. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the molecular characteristics of DOM using two abundance-weighted average indices, i.e., H/C and O/C ratios by compiling 3,558 samples from 317 studies covering the waters, land, plant, petroleum, and atmosphere systems, and the climatic regions from tropics to tundra. H/C ratios are lower on average in waters (H/C = 1.15 ± 0.005) and land (H/C = 1.20 ± 0.010) than the other systems, while their O/C ratios rank between plant and atmosphere. In the waters and land systems, the H/C ratios of DOM vary from the highest to the lowest in the habitats of land-to-ocean continuum generally as snow > glacier > marine ≥ freshwater/soil > groundwater. The H/C ratios show predictably U-shaped patterns along latitudinal gradients indicating the lowest abundance of more hydrogen saturated molecules at around mid-latitudes of 40°-50° in river water, lake water, and forest soil. The two ratios are primarily controlled by the environmental factors such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and carbon and nitrogen contents. We further unveil additional and considerable links between the ratios and the extremes of climatic factors such as precipitation of warmest quarter and maximum temperature of warmest month. Our synthesis provides molecular-level perspectives to characterize the global distribution and underlying drivers of DOM, which is complementary for our understanding global carbon cycle’s processes under future global change.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of virtual reality intervention on hospitalized patients with acute pain after thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Song , Cao Weibo , Ren Fan , Li Tong , Li Xuanguang , Jia Xuewang , Cao Cancan , Yu Haochuan , Mao Fuling , Li Hanyi , Zu Lingling , Chen Gang , Wei Li , Lu Yi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
The Association between Federal Nutrition Assistance Programs and Adolescent Food Security during the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Evidence from Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Mmari Kristin , Harper Kaitlyn , Kawatachi Jon , Gross Susan , Lu Stacy , Skinner Rebecca , Marshall Beth 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government authorized several temporary changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to alleviate the increased economic hardships, including creating a new program called the Pandemic-Electronic Benefit Transfer (P-EBT) and expanding the eligibility and benefits of SNAP. While evidence suggests that these changes may provide positive impacts for adults and younger children, very little is known about how they can mitigate food insecurity among adolescent children. To address this gap, this study evaluated the association of P-EBT and increased SNAP benefits, with food security status among adolescents. Adolescents, ages 14-19 years, who completed an application to a Baltimore City youth employment program and lived in SNAP-eligible households, were invited to participate in two online surveys. The first survey (Survey 1) was implemented between October 2020-January 2021, while the second survey (Survey 2) took place one year later from November 2021- January 2022 after schools had re-opened. We then matched survey participants with data obtained from the Maryland Department of Human Services to obtain their household participation in food nutrition assistance programs. Our results show that there were no significant associations between adolescent food security and participation in any of the federal nutrition assistance programs during the COVID pandemic. While federal assistance programs during the pandemic resulted in families receiving nearly $700 more a month, they were not associated with improved food security among adolescents. Increased attention on how best to improve adolescent food security in low-income households is clearly warranted.
Psycho-nutritional intervention to improve the self-concept of body image and increase self-esteem of overweight and obese individuals
Authors: Gómez-Díaz Magdalena , González-Fernández Elvira , Xandri-Martínez Raquel , López-Navas Julia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The current prosperity has led to the acquisition of inadequate habits, which can result in overweightness and obesity and the deterioration of body image. The aim of the present study was to assess the suitability of a psycho-nutritional model to improve the perception of body image and increase the self-esteem of individuals who are overweight or obese. Methods: A total of 55 participants (55 men and 30 women) were included in the study. The measurements were taken under ambulatory treatment, to obtain measurements of weight, self-esteem, and perception of body image, with the use of the Rosenberg scale, and the Body Self-esteem scale. Results: At the end of the intervention, and after a year, weight reductions of 11 and 16.3 Kgs (for women and men, respectively), increases of 65.2% and 76.1% in the positive perception of image (in women and men, respectively), as well as an improvement of 51.4% and 60.3% in self-esteem (women and men, respectively). Addressing overweightness and obesity in a plural manner, as in the psy-cho-nutritional model, is an efficient approach, favoring far-reaching perspectives. Conclusions: The model is effective for weight reduction, together with improved levels of self-esteem, and favorable perceptions of body image.
Unveiling the Rotational States of Mars-crossing Asteroids: A Yarkovsky Effect Study
Authors: Hou Xi-Yun , Liu Xin , Yao Jun , Liu Shanhong , Roberto Armellin , Gan Qingbo , Yang Zhi-tao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the rotational characteristics of Mars-crossing Asteroids (MCAs) through the analysis of the Yarkovsky effect. Leveraging precise orbit determination processes, we estimate the Yarkovsky parameter for 67 MCAs, shedding light on their rotational states. The observed retrograde-to-prograde ratio ($N_R/N_P = 1.48^{+0.43}_{-0.63}$) unveils a distinctive pattern, diverging from near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs). This discrepancy aligns with the prevailing origin theory, providing key insights into the dynamic evolution of small bodies in the solar system. Our findings underscore the significance of the Yarkovsky effect in understanding asteroid behavior and offer firm support to the current evolutionary framework.