bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous H2S promotes ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of SREBP1 to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy via SYVN1 S‐sulfhydration
Authors: Zhang Shiwu , Wang Mengyi , Li Hongxia , Li Qianzhu , Liu Ning , Dong Shiyun , Zhao Yajun , Pang Kemiao , Huang Jiayi , Ren Cheng , Wang Yan , Tian Zhen , Lu Fanghao , Zhang Weihua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy, a distinctive complication of diabetes mellitus, has been correlated with the presence of intracellular lipid deposits. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the aberrant accumulation of lipid droplets within cardiomyocytes remain to be comprehensively elucidated.MethodsBoth obese diabetic (db/db) mice and HL‐1 cells treated with 200 μmol/L palmitate and 200 μmol/L oleate were used to simulate type 2 diabetes conditions. Transmission electron microscopy is employed to assess the size and quantity of lipid droplets in the mouse hearts. Transcriptomics analysis was utilized to interrogate mRNA levels. Lipidomics and ubiquitinomics were employed to explore the lipid composition alterations and proteins participating in ubiquitin‐mediated degradation in mice. Clinical data were collected from patients with diabetes‐associated cardiomyopathy and healthy controls. Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the levels of proteins linked to lipid metabolism, and the biotin‐switch assay was employed to quantify protein cysteine S‐sulfhydration levels.ResultsThe administration of H2S donor, NaHS, effectively restored hydrogen sulfide levels in both the cardiac tissue and plasma of db/db mice (+7%, P < 0.001; +5%, P < 0.001). Both db/db mice (+210%, P < 0.001) and diabetic patients (+83%, P = 0.22, n = 5) exhibit elevated plasma triglyceride levels. Treatment with GYY4137 effectively lowers triglyceride levels in db/db mice (−43%, P = 0.007). The expression of cystathionine gamma‐lyase and HMG‐CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (SYVN1) was decreased in db/db mice compared with the wild‐type mice (cystathionine gamma‐lyase: −31%, P = 0.0240; SYVN1: −35%, P = 0.01), and NaHS‐treated mice (SYVN1: −31%, P = 0.03). Conversely, the expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1) was elevated (+91%, P = 0.007; +51%, P = 0.03 compared with control and NaHS‐treated mice, respectively), along with diacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) (+95%, P = 0.001; +35%, P = 0.02) and 1‐acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase 3 (AGPAT3) (+88%, P = 0.01; +22%, P = 0.32). Exogenous H2S led to a reduction in lipid droplet formation (−48%, P < 0.001), restoration of SYVN1 expression, modification of SYVN1's S‐sulfhydration status and enhancement of SREBP1 ubiquitination. Overexpression of SYVN1 mutated at Cys115 decreased SREBP1 ubiquitination and increased the number of lipid droplets.ConclusionsExogenous H2S enhances ubiquitin‐proteasome degradation of SREBP1 and reduces its nuclear translocation by modulating SYVN1's cysteine S‐sulfhydration. This pathway limits lipid droplet buildup in cardiac myocytes, ameliorating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Prognostic value of systemic inflammation and for patients with colorectal cancer cachexia
Authors: Ruan Guo‐Tian , Xie Hai‐Lun , Yuan Kai‐Tao , Lin Shi‐Qi , Zhang He‐Yang , Liu Chen‐An , Shi Jin‐Yu , Ge Yi‐Zhong , Song Meng‐Meng , Hu Chun‐Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Liu Xiao‐Yue , Yang Ming , Wang Kun‐Hua , Zheng Xin , Chen Yue , Hu Wen , Cong Ming‐Hua , Zhu Li‐Chen , Deng Li , Shi Han‐Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe development and progression of cancer cachexia are connected to systemic inflammation and physical performance. However, few relevant studies have reported the survival outcomes prediction of systemic inflammation and physical performance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) cachexia. This study investigated the prognostic prediction value of systemic inflammation and performance status in patients with CRC cachexia.MethodsThis multicentre cohort study prospectively collected 905 patients with CRC (58.3% males, 59.3 ± 11.5 years old). Cancer cachexia was diagnosed according to the 2011 Fearon Cachexia Diagnostic Consensus. The prognostic value of systematic inflammatory indicators was determined using the area under the curve, concordance index, and multivariate survival analysis. Performance status was evaluated with Eastern Coopertive Oncology Group performance score (ECOG‐PS). Survival data were analysed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.ResultsThe area under the curve, concordance index and survival analysis showed that C‐reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte to CRP ratio (LCR) and CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) were more stable and consistent with the survival of patients with CRC, both in non‐cachexia and cachexia populations. Among patients with CRC cachexia, high inflammation [low LCR, hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 3.33 (2.08–5.32); high CAR, HR (95% CI) = 2.92 (1.88–4.55); high CRP, HR (95% CI) = 3.12 (2.08–4.67)] indicated a worse prognosis, compared with non‐cachexia patients [low LCR, HR (95% CI) = 2.28 (1.65–3.16); high CAR, HR (95% CI) = 2.36 (1.71–3.25); high CRP, HR (95% CI) = 2.58 (1.85–3.60)]. Similarly, among patients with CRC cachexia, high PS [ECOG‐PS 2, HR (95% CI) = 1.61 (1.04–2.50); ECOG‐PS 3/4, HR (95% CI) = 2.91 (1.69–5.00]) indicated a worse prognosis, compared with patients with CRC without cachexia [ECOG‐PS 2, HR (95% CI) = 1.28 (0.90–1.81); ECOG‐PS 3/4, HR (95% CI) = 2.41 (1.32–4.39]). Patients with CRC cachexia with an ECOG‐PS score of 2 or 3–4 and a high inflammation had a shorter median survival time, compared with patients with an ECOG‐PS score of 0/1 and a low inflammation.ConclusionsThe systemic inflammatory markers LCR, CAR and CRP have stable prognostic values in patients with CRC. The ECOG‐PS may be an independent risk factor for CRC. Combined evaluation of systemic inflammation and ECOG‐PS in patients with CRC cachexia could provide a simple survival prediction.
Functional analyses of the polycomb‐group genes in sea lamprey embryos undergoing programmed DNA loss
Authors: Saraceno Cody , Timoshevskiy Vladimir A. , Smith Jeramiah J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring early development, sea lamprey embryos undergo programmatic elimination of DNA from somatic progenitor cells in a process termed programmed genome rearrangement (PGR). Eliminated DNA eventually becomes condensed into micronuclei, which are then physically degraded and permanently lost from the cell. Previous studies indicated that many of the genes eliminated during PGR have mammalian homologs that are bound by polycomb repressive complex (PRC) in embryonic stem cells. To test whether PRC components play a role in the faithful elimination of germline‐specific sequences, we used a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and lightsheet microscopy to investigate the impact of gene knockouts on early development and the progression through stages of DNA elimination. Analysis of knockout embryos for the core PRC2 subunits EZH, SUZ12, and EED show that disruption of all three genes results in an increase in micronucleus number, altered distribution of micronuclei within embryos, and an increase in micronucleus volume in mutant embryos. While the upstream events of DNA elimination are not strongly impacted by loss of PRC2 components, this study suggests that PRC2 plays a role in the later stages of elimination related to micronucleus condensation and degradation. These findings also suggest that other genes/epigenetic pathways may work in parallel during DNA elimination to mediate chromatin structure, accessibility, and the ultimate loss of germline‐specific DNA.
Detection of paralytic shellfish toxins by near‐infrared spectroscopy based on a near‐Bayesian SVM classifier with unequal misclassification costs
Authors: Liu Yao , Xiong Jianfang , Qiao Fu , Xu Lele , Xu Zhen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDParalytic shellfish poisoning caused by human consumption of shellfish fed on toxic algae is a public health hazard. It is essential to implement shellfish monitoring programs to minimize the possibility of shellfish contaminated by paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) reaching the marketplace.RESULTSThis paper proposes a rapid detection method for PST in mussels using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. Spectral data in the wavelength range of 950–1700 nm for PST‐contaminated and non‐contaminated mussel samples were used to build the detection model. Near‐Bayesian support vector machines (NBSVM) with unequal misclassification costs (u‐NBSVM) were applied to solve a classification problem arising from the fact that the quantity of non‐contaminated mussels was far less than that of PST‐contaminated mussels in practice. The u‐NBSVM model performed adequately on imbalanced datasets by combining unequal misclassification costs and decision boundary shifts. The detection performance of the u‐NBSVM did not decline as the number of PST samples decreased due to adjustments to the misclassification costs. When the number of PST samples was 20, the G‐mean and accuracy reached 0.9898 and 0.9944, respectively.CONCLUSIONCompared with the traditional support vector machines (SVMs) and the NBSVM, the u‐NBSVM model achieved better detection performance. The results of this study indicate that NIRS technology combined with the u‐NBSVM model can be used for rapid and non‐destructive PST detection in mussels. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Frequency‐Modulated Combs via Field‐Enhancing Tapered Waveguides
Authors: Senica Urban , Dikopoltsev Alexander , Forrer Andres , Cibella Sara , Torrioli Guido , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme , Scalari Giacomo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFrequency‐modulated (FM) combs feature flat intensity spectra with a linear frequency chirp, useful for metrology and sensing applications. Generating FM combs in semiconductor lasers generally requires a fast saturable gain, usually limited by the intrinsic gain medium properties. Here, it is shown how a spatial modulation of the laser gain medium can enhance the gain saturation dynamics and nonlinearities to generate self‐starting FM combs. This is demonstrated with tapered planarized terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). While simple ridge THz QCLs typically generate combs presenting a mixture of amplitude and frequency modulation, the on‐chip field enhancement resulting from extreme spatial confinement leads to an ultrafast saturable gain regime, generating a pure FM comb with a flatter intensity spectrum and a clear linear frequency chirp. The observed linear frequency chirp is reproduced using a spatially inhomogeneous mean‐field theory model, which confirms the crucial role of field enhancement. In addition, the modified spatial temperature distribution within the waveguide results in an improved high‐temperature comb operation, up to a heat sink temperature of 115 K, with comb bandwidths of 600 GHz at 90 K. The spatial inhomogeneity leads as well to very intense radio frequency (RF) beatnotes up to ‐30 dBm and facilitates dynamic switching between various harmonic states in the same device.
Microstructural Insights into Ethylene Glycol‐Mediated Polyether Polyols Using Double Metal Cyanide Catalyst
Authors: Verma Akash , Sharma Bhawna , Gupta Piyush , Ray Anjan , Behera Babita , Kumar Umesh , Viswanadham Nagabhatla 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolyether polyols are well established category of polymers, which are synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) industrially using Double Metal Cyanide (DMC) catalyst with glycols as initiators. Establishing the role of glycol in initiation and its involvement in the polymer chain during the ROP of propylene oxide (PO) via DMC catalysis is of utmost importance. In this work, the experimental method is established to understand the role of ethylene glycol (EG) and its participation during initiation and chain propagation. Furthermore, the microstructure analysis of synthesized polyether polyols reveals that ethylene glycol initiates from both sides and participated in random copolymerization besides its role as an initiator in the polymeric backbone during the ROP of PO. Also, in‐depth studies of the polymeric microstructural distribution are carried out using 1H‐1H COSY, 1H‐13C HMQC, and 1H‐13C HMBC with the aid of multi‐pulse 2D correlation techniques along with carbon‐13 NMR chemical shifts. In‐depth understanding of the microstructure of the polyether polyols is established with the aid of the obtained polymeric regio‐irregular structures. The reactivity ratios of PO are found to be 0.89 and 0.57 by modified Kelen–Tudos and Fineman–Ross method, respectively, indicating higher reactivity of PO monomer in comparison to EG.
Nostalgia and negotiation: The electronic word‐of‐mouth and social well‐being of older consumers
Authors: Wilson‐Nash Carolyn , Pavlopoulou Ismini 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs older people turn to the internet for consumption and social connection, it is imperative to understand how online consumption behaviors, such as generating and absorbing electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM), influence feelings of belonging. This study therefore explores how organic conversations around brands, products, and services influence older consumers' social well‐being. A 6‐month netnography was conducted in a social media platform geared toward older consumers where eWOM activity was created relating to books, household items, technology, furniture, financial services, clothing, and leisure activities. The findings reveal four types of eWOM—nostalgic, seeking reassurance/advice, providing reassurance/advice, and negotiation, which create experiences of social well‐being. This research contributes to the marketing literature by (1) exploring the implications of eWOM on consumer well‐being (2) investigating how the social value of eWOM interacts with social well‐being, and (3) developing pioneering knowledge of older consumers generating and absorbing eWOM.
Long‐Term Nicotinamide Riboside Use Improves Coordination and Eye Movements in Ataxia Telangiectasia
Authors: Presterud Rebecca , Deng Wei Hai , Wennerström Anna Berit , Burgers Trudy , Gajera Bharat , Mattsson Kirsten , Solberg Agnes , Fang Evandro F. , Nieminen Anni I. , Stray‐Pedersen Asbjørg , Nilsen Hilde 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSupplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR) ameliorates neuropathology in animal models of ataxia telangiectasia (A‐T). In humans, short‐term NR supplementation showed benefits in neurological outcome.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the safety and benefits of long‐term NR supplementation in individuals with A‐T.MethodsA single‐arm, open‐label clinical trial was performed in individuals with A‐T, receiving NR over a period of 2 years. Biomarkers and clinical examinations were used to assess safety parameters. Standardized and validated neuromotor tests were used to monitor changes in neurological symptoms. Using generalized mixed models, test results were compared to expected disease progression based on historical data.ResultsNAD+ concentrations increased rapidly in peripheral blood and stabilized at a higher level than baseline. NR supplementation was well tolerated for most participants. The total scores in the neuromotor test panels, as evaluated at the 18‐month time point, improved for all but one participant, primarily driven by improvements in coordination subscores and eye movements. A comparison with historical data revealed that the progression of certain neuromotor symptoms was slower than anticipated.ConclusionsLong‐term use of NR appears to be safe and well tolerated, and it improves motor coordination and eye movements in patients with A‐T of all ages. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
QbTest in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review of the evidence
Authors: Gustafsson Urban , Hansen Mikkel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe technology described in this review is QbTest. This evaluation focuses on QbTest in the clinical assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with emphasis on studies designed to evaluate the performance of QbTest as a decision support tool, that is, the intended use, and studies designed to evaluate discriminatory ability as a diagnostic test. A literature search of publications was made until May 2023. For the first part, studies investigating QbTest as a decision support tool were included. For the second part, studies designed to evaluate QbTest as a stand‐alone test were included if sufficient information for a weighted average calculation of discriminatory power was included in the publication. Eleven studies on participants with ADHD were included for which QbTest was used in the diagnostic procedures of the disorder. One prospective randomized controlled study designed to evaluate QbTest when used for its intended purpose demonstrated a reduced time to diagnosis and increased diagnostic confidence. Ten studies designed to evaluate QbTest as a diagnostic test were identified. QbTest performed well with a weighted average sensitivity of 0.89 and specificity of 0.87 across studies with normative controls. In the challenging group of population with differential diagnosis (participants referred to a secondary or tertiary clinical care level), QbTest performed with a weighted average of 0.79 and 0.71 for both sensitivity and specificity. When including only studies of robust sample size (each study arm ≥50), the weighted averages were 0.83 and 0.86 for specificity and sensitivity, respectively. The addition of a QbTest reduced the time to a diagnostic decision without compromising diagnostic accuracy in a randomized control trial. When QbTest was evaluated for discriminative ability, an overall satisfactory weighted average sensitivity and specificity was found. The intended use of QbTest is to be used as a support tool rather than a standalone test in the clinical assessment of ADHD.
Comparing the incidence of spontaneous autopolyploidy in wild and hatchery Lake Sturgeon
Authors: Weisgerber Kaitlynn A. , Anderson W. Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Living species of Acipenseriformes, sturgeons and paddlefishes, are characteristically polyploid, having more than two complete sets of chromosomes (&gt;2n). They undergo spontaneous autopolyploidy, an unintentional one and a half times increase in genome size, more frequently than any other order of fish. For Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, which are evolutionary octoploids (8n), spontaneous autopolyploidy results in fertile dodecaploid (12n) progeny. When 12n individuals reproduce with octoploids, it is possible that resulting decaploid (10n) offspring will have poor physiological performance and survivorship. Spontaneous autopolyploidy in the wild is very low; however, incidence in fish hatcheries is greater, as seen in other 8n sturgeon species. We investigated this disparity in Lake Sturgeon, predicting to find more dodecaploid individuals in hatchery populations than in the wild.

Methods
Ploidy was determined using red blood cells from individuals in three hatchery and two wild populations of Lake Sturgeon in Manitoba, Canada (n = 1004). Red blood cell volume was evaluated with a Z2 Coulter counter and used to determine ploidy, based on the average of triplicate measures of the erythrocyte modal nuclei volume (fL). A subsample from each environment type was further examined using blood smear analysis (n = 130) and flow cytometry (n = 27).

Result
One 12n hatchery individual was found, along with significant differences in erythrocyte morphometry between the five populations. Fluctuations in modal nuclei volume were also observed over 169 days of repeated measurement within a single hatchery population.

Conclusion
The well-developed relationship between erythrocyte size and fishes external and physiological environment may explain the variance both between and within populations. These results demonstrate the need for ploidy monitoring in artificial hatcheries, as releasing even a single 12n fish could produce thousands of 10n offspring that, if recruited, would have a detrimental effect on the population fitness.
Separation of Iron and Rare Earths from Low‐Intensity Magnetic Separation (LIMS) Tailings through Magnetization Roasting‐Magnetic Separation
Authors: Hou Shaochun , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Bo , Li Wenjun , Guo Chunlei , Li Qiang , Li Erdou 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLow‐intensity magnetic separation tailings (LIMS tailings) are a common by‐product obtained after magnetite magnetic separation. In this article, various techniques such as chemical analysis, X‐ray diffraction, ICP‐MS, and Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) were employed to investigate the LIMS tailings. The primary iron‐bearing mineral identified was hematite and rare earth minerals were monazite and bastnaesite. The main gangue species was fluorite with small amounts of dolomite and amphibole. Due to the weak magnetism of hematite and rare earth minerals, magnetic separation has low efficiency. However, magnetization roasting‐magnetic separation is an effective method to recover hematite. The present study focuses on the separation of iron and rare earth from LIMS tailings through magnetization roasting‐magnetic separation. The results demonstrate that with a roasting temperature of 650 °C, a roasting time of 60 min, a slurry concentration solid‐liquid ratio of 25 : 1, a rough magnetic field intensity of 0.16 T, and a selected magnetic field intensity of 0.10 T, the iron grade in the magnetic concentrate increases to 65.49 % and an iron recovery rate of 65.16 % can be achieved. The XRD patterns of magnetic separation concentrate show that the main mineral phases in concentrate are magnetite (Fe3O4) and fluorite (CaF2), which can be removed by grinding and reverse flotation fluorite to obtain a high‐grade iron concentrate. The REO grade of magnetic separation tailings is 11.98 %, and its recovery rate is 97.96 %. Consequently, rare earth can be effectively extracted and separated after the subsequent flotation‐leaching process.
PECVD and PEALD on polymer substrates (part I): Fundamentals and analysis of plasma activation and thin film growth
Authors: de los Arcos Teresa , Awakowicz Peter , Benedikt Jan , Biskup Beatrix , Böke Marc , Boysen Nils , Buschhaus Rahel , Dahlmann Rainer , Devi Anjana , Gergs Tobias , Jenderny Jonathan , von Keudell Achim , Kühne Thomas D. , Kusmierz Simon , Müller Hendrik , Mussenbrock Thomas , Trieschmann Jan , Zanders David , Zysk Frederik , Grundmeier Guido 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis feature article presents recent results on the analysis of plasma/polymer interactions and the nucleation of ultra‐thin plasma films on polymeric substrates. Because of their high importance for the understanding of such processes, in situ analytical approaches of the plasma volume as well as the plasma/substrate interfaces are introduced before the findings on plasma surface chemistry. The plasma activation of polymeric substrates is divided into the understanding of fundamental processes on model substrates and the relevance of polymer surface complexity. Concerning thin film nucleation and growth, both plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition and plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition processes as well as the combination of both processes are considered both for model substrates and technical polymers. Based on the comprehensive presentation of recent results, selective perspectives of this research field are discussed.