bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance Use Patterns and Opioid Abstinence Rates Among Patients on Methadone Treatment at a Referral Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.
Authors: Kuria Susan Wangeci 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background Several evidence-based assessments show that the Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is beneficial. However, patients using multiple substances at the time of enrolment has affected the outcomes of the program. Studies have indicated that patients continue to use opioids and other substances while in the program. We aimed to determine substance use patterns and opioid abstinence rates among patients who were attending the Medically-Assisted Therapy Clinic at Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 713 patients who had enrolled in the Medically Assisted Therapy (MAT) clinic between December 2014 and February 2018. Data for each participant was collected over 24 months. A researcher-designed socio-demographic form and data collecting form were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.Results Most participants were males 611(85.7%). The mean age was 34.2 years (SD 8.55). The majority had attained primary level of education 333(46.7%), were employed 424(59.47%), and were separated 322(45.1%). All the participants had used at least one other substance apart from opioids. The commonest substances were; tobacco 649(91%), followed by cannabis 591(82.9%) and benzodiazepines 367(51.5%). At 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, opioid abstinence rates were 61.3%, 76.0%, 73.5%, and 81.4%, respectively. Abstinence rates increased from 61.3% at 6 months to 81.4% at 24 months, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusions Majority of the patients attending the MAT clinic use more than one substance. There is a need to scale up the program to also offer free management for other substances. This study replicated the evidence of MMT among opioid users. However, there is still a need to explore further why some patients continue to use opioids while in the program.
Identifying characteristics that enable resilient immunization programs: a scoping review
Authors: Baxter Luke , Slater Rebeccah , Hermany Lindsay V. , Bhatti Alexandra , Eiden Amanda L. , Mitrovich Rachel , Connolly Mark , Vanderslott Samantha , Nyaku Mawuli , Bhatt Aomesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the fragility of immunization programs and resulted in a significant reduction in vaccination rates, with increasing vaccine preventable disease outbreaks consequently reported. These vulnerabilities underscore the importance of resilient immunization programs to ensure optimal performance during crises. To date, a framework for assessing immunization program resilience does not exist. We conducted a scoping review of immunization programs during times of crises to identify factors that characterize resilient immunization programs, which may inform an Immunization Program Resilience Tool.
Design Scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.
Data Sources CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science, databases were searched between 01-Jan-2011 to 02-Sep-2023. Citation searching of identified studies was also performed.
Eligibility Criteria We included primary empirical peer-reviewed studies that discussed the resilience of immunization program to crises, shocks, or disruptions.
Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers screened records and performed data extraction. We extracted data on study location and design, crisis description, and resilience characteristics discussed, and identified evidence gaps in the literature. Findings were synthesized using tabulation and an evidence gap map.
Results Thirty-seven studies met eligibility criteria. These studies captured research conducted across six continents, with most concentrated in Africa, Asia, and Europe. One study had a Randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, while 36 studies had observational designs (15 analytical and 21 descriptive). We identified five characteristics of resilient immunization programs drawing on the Health System Resilience Index (Integration, Awareness, Resource Availability and Access, Adaptiveness, and Self-regulation) and several evidence gaps in the literature.
Conclusions To our knowledge, no immunization program resilience tool exists. We identified factors from the Health System Resilience Index coupled with factors identified through primary empirical evidence, which may inform development of an immunization program resilience tool.
Systematic study of high field strength elements during liquid immiscibility between carbonatitic melt and silicate melt
Authors: Zhang Wanzhu , Xue Shuo , Ling Ming-Xing , Ding Xing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Natural carbonatites exhibit a wide range of high field strength elements (HFSEs) and the highest Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios among various rock types. However, primitive carbonatitic melts derived from carbonated peridotite do not display significant fractionation of Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf. To investigate this further, we conducted liquid immiscibility experiments to comprehend the differentiation of these HFSEs. Our experiments revealed substantial changes in partition coefficients for Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf between carbonatite and silicate melts. We identified a positive correlation between the partition coefficients of these elements and Si, indicating that Si determines the differentiation of Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf during liquid immiscibility. The partition coefficients of Si increase as temperature increases and pressure decreases, resulting in higher HFSE concentrations during the early stages of liquid immiscibility. Liquid immiscibility is crucial in differentiating HFSEs in carbonatitic melts, explaining the association between super large carbonatite-related Nb deposits and Si-undersaturated silicate rocks.
The effect of A-site cations on charge-carrier mobility in Fe-rich amphiboles
Authors: Bernardini Simone , Ventura Giancarlo Della , Schlüter Jochen , Hawthorne Frank C. , Mihailova Boriana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Elucidating the high-temperature behavior of rock-forming minerals such as amphiboles (AB2C5 T8O22W2) is critical for the understanding of large-scale geological processes in the lithosphere and, in particular, the development of high conductivity in the Earth’s interior. Recently, we have shown that at elevated temperatures, CFe-bearing amphiboles with a vacant A site develop two types of charge carriers: (1) small polarons and (2) delocalized H+ ions.
To elucidate the effect of A-site cations on the formation and stability of charge carriers within the amphibole structure, here we analyzed synthetic potassic-ferro-richterite as a model Fe-rich amphibole with a fully occupied A site via in situ temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. We further compare the results from in situ time-dependent Raman-scattering experiments on pre-heated and rapidly quenched potassic-ferro-richterite and riebeckite as a model Fe-rich amphibole with a vacant A site.
We show that the presence of A-site cations (1) reduces the activation temperature of mobile polarons and delocalized H+ cations; (2) decreases the magnitude of the polaron dipole moment; (3) slows down the process of re-localization of electrons on cooling; and (4) makes the electrons inert to rapid change in external conditions, supporting the persistence of a metastable state of pre-activated delocalized electrons even at room temperature.
Our results have important geological implications demonstrating that the A-site cations may control the depth of development of high conductivity in subducted amphibole-bearing rocks. Moreover, from the viewpoint of mineral-inspired materials science, our results suggest that the amphibole-structure type has great potential for designing functional materials with tunable anisotropic-conductivity properties.
Water distribution system modelling of GIS-remote sensing and EPANET for the integrated efficient design
Authors: Dongare Pranit , Sharma Kul Vaibhav , Kumar Vijendra , Mathew Aneesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Urban settlement depends on water distribution networks for clean and safe drinking water. This research incorporates geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and hydraulic modelling software EPANET to analyse and construct water distribution systems in Bota town, India. Satellite images and hydrological data have been utilized for the management of the Bota town's water supply network, sources to cater the demand for urban centres. EPANET simulates hydraulic behaviour in the water distribution system under different operating situations. EPANET simulation shows network leaks, low pressure, and substantial head loss. These findings have advised for water distribution system improvements by analysing network shortcomings. Booster pumps, new pipelines, and repairing of existing leakages are examples of such improvements. GIS, RS, and EPANET provided a comprehensive water distribution system study and more accurate and efficient improvement identification. This study emphasizes the necessity of new technologies in water distribution system analysis and design. The study solves Bota town's water distribution system problems of low pressure, high head loss, and leaks utilizing GIS, RS, and EPANET. The findings of this research can help in enhancing the water delivery systems in other towns with comparable issues.
A literature-based comparison of embodied GHG emissions of forced main sewer additives with potential reductions in methane generation
Authors: Parker Wayne J. , Walton J. R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Fugitive emissions of methane (CH4) from force main sewers are of increasing concern. Dosing of additives into force main sewers could be employed to mitigate methane emissions. However, all additives will have embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study examined commonly employed additives in terms of modes of action and potential to mitigate methane generation. Typical dosing strategies reported in the literature for each chemical were compiled and their embodied GHG emissions were summarised from sources in the literature. The net emissions considering mitigated methane generation and embodied GHG emissions were calculated on the basis of typical usage reported in the literature. The results revealed that biofilm shocking strategies and addition of iron have the greatest net reduction in GHG emissions. There is, however, uncertainty associated with the mechanisms by which iron reduces CH4 generation in force mains. Furthermore, future changes in the sourcing of iron may increase its embodied emissions. A qualitative assessment of the impacts of additive use on downstream GHG emissions revealed that they are highly case specific.
Flow field and sediment removal in a stormwater sump utilizing internal structures
Authors: Wang Chunling , Zhu David Z. , Huang Biao , Yang Zhi , Yang Yunze 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the hydraulic characteristics of stormwater sumps and their design optimization for sediment retention using physical experiments. Particle image velocimetry was utilized to measure the flow field, and the use of internal structures was investigated for improving solids retention. Results indicate that these internal structures can significantly improve the sediment removal efficiency of suspended solids with an average size of 125 μm, resulting in an efficiency improvement of 20–30%. Additionally, a modified Péclet number was proposed to more accurately evaluate the sediment removal efficiency of stormwater sumps, and recommendations were provided for further improving and optimizing sump design. This study provides insights into the hydraulic characteristics of stormwater sumps and has important implications for optimizing and designing particle removal systems for various industrial and environmental applications.
ELÂZIĞ MUSİKİ KONSERVATUVARI DERNEĞİNİN YÖRESEL MÜZİĞE VE SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL YAPIYA KATKILARI
Authors: TUNÇ Yüksel , KARABURUN DOĞAN Derya 
Published: December 2023

Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneği, kurulduğu 1971 yılından itibaren Elâzığ-Harput yöre müziğini en iyi şekilde koruyarak en doğru şekliyle gelecek nesillere aktarmaktadır. Kurulduktan iki yıl sonra kamu yararına çalışan dernekler statüsüne girmiştir. Tamamen gönüllü üyelerinin destekleriyle geçmişten günümüze kadar etkin olarak faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Araştırmada ‘Nitel Araştırma’ yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında kaynak taraması yapılmış, konu ile ilgili literatür taranmıştır. Daha sonra, yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneğinin düzenlemiş olduğu konserlerin, sosyal projelerin, söyleşilerin, yarışmaların, kursların, eğitime verdikleri katkılarının ve diğer etkinliklerinin Elâzığ müzik kültürüne ne derecede etki ettiği, yapılan müziğin Elâzığ ilinin sosyo-kültürel gelişimine ne yönde katkılar sağladığı konusunda cevaplar aranmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılan bu çalışmada Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneğinin özellikle yöresel müzik alanında yaptığı etkinliklere yer verilmiştir. Dernek bünyesinde yapılan birçok sanatsal ve eğitimsel faaliyetler aktarılmıştır. Yöre müziğinin tanıtılmasına ve gelişimine öncülük etmesi bakımından önem arz eden derneğin, çeşitli etkinliklerle yöresel müzik kültürüne katkısı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonucunda Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneğinin Elâzığ iline müzik kültürü, müzik eğitimi ve şehrin sosyo-kültürel yapısına büyük katkılar sağladığı, sosyal sorumluluk projeleri ile Elâzığ iline zenginlik kattığı, ayrıca Elâzığ ilinin ve müziğinin diğer illerde tanıtımının sağlanmasına katkıda bulunduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) BERBANTUAN MEDIA VIDEO TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA DI SMP NEGERI 2 KANATANG
Authors: Saingo Lidia - , Bano Vidriana Oktoviana , Ndjoeroemana Yohana 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiÂ pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantuan media video terhadapÂ hasil belajarÂ siswaÂ padaÂ sistem pencernaan pada munanusiaÂ kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Kanatang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Dalam hal ini penelitian memilih nonequivalent control grup desain. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 26 siswa kelas VIIIC sebagai kelas kontrol dan 26 siswa kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan samplingÂ yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling. PenelitianÂ ini dilakukan di SMPN 2 Kanatang, semester genap, T.A 2022/2023. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes tertulis sebanyak 15 soal pretest dan 20 soal postest berbentuk pilihan ganda. Data penelitian ini dianalisis dengan uji statistik, yaituÂ uji validitas dan uji reabilitas, normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji t (paired sampel t test) menggunakan SPSS versi 22. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh data rata-rata nilai postest kelas siswa kelas eksperimen yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share (TPS) berbantuan media video adalah 79,73 lebih tinggi dari kelas yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode ceramah sebesar 68,58. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan uji paired sampel t test diperoleh hasil sig (2- tailed) < 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair ShareÂ (TPS) berbantuan media video terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem pencernaan pada manusia kelas VIII di SMP N 2 Kanatang.
Low Awareness of Diabetes as a Major Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Middle- and High-Income Countries
Authors: Chaudhary Richard S. , Turner Melanie B. , Mehta Laxmi S. , Al-Roub Nora M. , Smith Sidney C. , Kazi Dhruv S. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE
Awareness of diabetes as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) may enhance uptake of screening for diabetes and primary prevention of CVD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The American Heart Association conducted an online survey in 50 countries. The main outcome of this study was the proportion of individuals in each country who recognized diabetes as a CVD risk factor. We also examined variation by sex, age, geographic region, and country-level economic development.

RESULTS
Among 48,988 respondents, 15,747 (32.1%) identified diabetes as a major CVD risk factor. Awareness was similar among men and women, but increased with age, and was greater in high-income than in middle-income countries.

CONCLUSIONS
Two-thirds of adults in surveyed countries did not recognize diabetes as a major CVD risk factor. Given the increasing global burden of diabetes and CVD, this finding underscores the need for concerted efforts to raise public health awareness.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL SEBAGAI INOKULAN DALAM FERMENTASI KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING, KECERNAAN BAHAN ORGANIK, DAN pH RUMEN SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Septian Mohamad Haris 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), nilai kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), dan nilai pH rumen yang diuji secara in vitro dalam fermentasi anaerob kulit singkong dengan biostarter Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) dari media pertumbuhan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan meliputi P0 (1 kg kulit singkong + 1% EM4 + 3% molases), P1 (1 kg kulit singkong + 1% MOL1 + 3% molases), P2 (1 kg kulit singkong + 1% MOL2 + 3% molases), P3 (1 kg kulit singkong + 1% MOL3 + 3% molases). Data dianalisis menggunakan analylis of variance (ANOVA). Fermentasi anaerob kulit singkong dengan penambahan berbagai biostarter MOL memberikan hasil yang berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai KcBK, nilai KcBO dan nilai pH cairan rumen secara in vitro. Nilai rerata pada P0, P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing untuk KcBK adalah 60,38%; 59,43%; 54,94%; 54,41%; untuk KcBO adalah 64,03%; 63,23%; 58,78%; 58,69%; dan untuk pH cairan rumen adalah 6,71; 6,62; 6,58; 6,63. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa penggunakan berbagai biostarter MOL dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan biostarter komersil EM4 dalam proses fermentasi kulit singkong. Kata kunci: fermentasi kulit singkong, MOL ABSTRACT The study aims to identify the Digestibility of Dry Matter (KcBK), Organic Matter Digestibility (KcBO) values, and rumen pH values tested in vitro in anaerobic fermentation of cassava peels with Indigenous Microorganisms (MOL) biostarter from different growth media. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications including P0 (1 kg of cassava peel + 1% EM4 + 3% molasses), P1 (1 kg of cassava peel + 1% IMO1 + 3% molasses), P2 (1 kg of cassava peel + 1% IMO2 + 3% molasses), P3 (1 kg of cassava peel + 1% IMO3 + 3% molasses). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Anaerobic fermentation of cassava peels with the addition of various IMO biostarters gave not significantly different results (P>0.05) on KcBK values, KcBO values, and rumen fluid pH values in vitro. The average scores at P0, P1, P2, and P3 for KcBK were 60.38%; 59.43%; 54.94%; 54.41%; for KcBO were 64.03%; 63.23%; 58.78%; 58.69%; and for rumen fluid pH were 6.71; 6.62; 6.58; 6,63. The results of the study concluded that the use of various IMO biostarters can be used to replace the commercial EM4 biostarter in the cassava peel fermentation process. Keywords: cassava peel fermentation, IMO
Mikilvægi stuðnings við fullgildi barna fyrir inngildandi leikskólastarf
Authors: Þarstardóttir Guðrún Jóna , Pálmadóttir Hrönn , Stefánsson Kristján Ketill 
Published: December 2023

Inngilding (e. inclusion) er mikilvæg fyrir gæðaríkt leikskólastarf sem getur haft langvarandi jákvæð áhrif á nám og þroska barna. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var því að skoða hvaða þættir í fari starfsfólks leikskóla, starfshátta þeirra og starfsumhverfis tengdust sterkast trú starfsfólks á eigin getu til inngildingar. Gögn úr starfsmannakönnun leikskóla á vegum Skólapúlsins árin 2020 og 2021 voru greind með marglaga líkani (e. multilevel model). Þátttakendur voru 1854 og náði úrtakið til rúmlega þriðjungs allra leikskóla á Íslandi. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar sýndu að til að auka trú starfsfólks á eigin getu til inngildingar væri vert að horfa sérstaklega til þess að auka trú starfsfólks á eigin getu til að styðja við fullgildi (e. belonging) barna. Einnig var áhugavert að trú starfsfólks á eigin getu til að mæta krefjandi hegðun barna skipti töluverðu máli í leikskólum þar sem trú á eigin getu til inngildingar var lág en minna máli eftir því sem trú á eigin getu til inngildingar mældist hærri. Aðrar forspárbreytur rannsóknarinnar; trú á eigin getu til að styðja börn með sérþarfir, samstarf innan leikskólans og starfsreynsla, sýndu marktæk en veik tengsl við trú á eigin getu til inngildingar. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar staðfesta jafnframt fræðilega aðgreiningu hugtakanna inngilding og fullgildi
Efnisorð: fullgildi, inngilding, leikskóli, skóli án aðgreiningar, trú á eigin getu
A Basic Set of Cancellation Violating Sequences for Finite Two-Dimensional Non-Additive Measurement
Authors: Ng Che Tat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cancellation conditions play a central role in the representation theory of measurement for a weak order on a finite two-dimensional Cartesian product set X. A weak order has an additive representation if and only if it violates no cancellation conditions. Given X, a longstanding open problem is to determine the simplest set of cancellation conditions that is violated by every linear order that is not additively representable. Here, we report that the simplest set of cancellation conditions on a 5 by 5 product X is obtained.
Maxillary molar intrusion with micro-implant anchorage (MIA)
Authors: Park Hyo-Sang , Jang Bong-Kyu , Kyung Hee-Moon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Intrusion of the maxillary molars is difficult to accomplish using traditional methods of anchorage.

Aims: To describe methods of maxillary molar intrusion with the aid of micro-implants.

Methods: Micro-implants provide stable intra-oral anchorage and enable the maxillary molars to be intruded without the usual side effects. Three adult patients are presented showing how micro-implants can be used to intrude the maxillary molars. In the first patient micro-implants were placed in the alveolar process between the second premolar and first molar, in the second patient micro-implants were placed in the palatal alveolar process between the first and second molars, and in the third patient a micro-implant was placed in the palate paramedially. A transpalatal bar was used to prevent bucco- or linguoversion of the molars during intrusion.

Conclusions: The maxillary molars can be intruded with intra-oral anchorage derived from microscrew implants.
Tribological behaviour of orthodontic archwires under dry and wet sliding conditions in-vitro. I - Frictional behaviour
Authors: Berradja Abdenacer , Willems Guy , Celis Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the frictional behaviour of orthodontic archwires in dry and wet conditions in-vitro.

Methods
Two types of archwire materials were investigated: stainless steel and NiTi. A fretting wear tribometer fitted with an alumina ball was operated at 23°C in three different environments: ambient air with 50 per cent relative humidity, 0.9 wt. per cent sodium chloride solution, and deionised water.

Results
NiTi archwires sliding against alumina exhibited high coefficients of friction (about 0.6) in the three environments. Stainless steel archwires sliding against alumina had relatively low coefficients of friction (0.3) in the solutions, but high coefficients (0.8) in air.

Conclusion
The low frictional forces of the stainless steel wires sliding against alumina in the solutions were due to a lubricating effect of the solutions and corrosion-wear debris. The high frictional forces between the NiTi wires and alumina are attributed to an abrasive interfacial transfer film between the wires and alumina.