bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Ma Xinbo , Bian Ailin , Hu Shimin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Age-associated skeletal muscle loss, a serious global health problem, causes undeniable distress to older people and communities. It can lead to disability and significant economic burden, with serious implications for people's quality of life and physical health. Relevant metabolic studies have shown that loss of skeletal muscle is closely associated with abnormalities in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. A comprehensive study was conducted to delve into the factors associated with sarcopenia and the role of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in the development of sarcopenia.
METHODS
In this study, we screened 650 patients with skeletal muscle reduction (sarcopenia) from 2965 elderly (≥ 60 years old) patients in outpatient clinic and randomly selected 100 elderly patients for a survey study, which we categorized into sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic groups according to the diagnostic criteria of Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS). Each group had 25 patients each and we collected their general information and retained their serum samples for testing.
RESULTS
The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in body mass index (BMI), grip strength, and albumin levels between these two groups of samples (all p-values were less than 0.05). This suggests that these physiological indicators are associated with the development of sarcopenia. In addition, we found no significant differences in total cholesteroll (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C),levels between these two groups of samples. Upon further analysis of human serum metabolites, we found that arginine, histidine, leucine, palmitic acid, and carnitine levels were significantly different between the sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group (all P-values were less than 0.05). These results reveal differences in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism between sarcopenia patients and non-sarcopenia patients.
CONCLUSION
There are differences in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia patients. By supplementing protein and essential amino acids, and reducing palmitic acid and carnitine levels, we can improve skeletal muscle mass and function, and enhance the quality of life in older adults. This finding provides new ideas and approaches for the prevention and treatment of age-related skeletal sarcopenia.
Impact on Glycemic Variability in Newly Onset T2DM Patients Initiating Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin versus Metformin Alone: A Randomized Open Label Clinical Study. The MAGNNIFY Trial.
Authors: Guerrero-Castillo Anna Paula , Benítez-Rentería Alberto Sigfrido , López-Carrasco María Guadalupe , Cuevas-Ramos Daniel , Domínguez-Sánchez Alejandra , Correa-Carranza Horacio , Palacios-Báez Lucía , Rodríguez-Carranza Sandra , Bahena-López Jessica , Brito-Córdoba Griselda Xóchitl , Manjarrez-Martínez Iliana , Silva-Giordano Alejandra Isabel , Juárez-Comboni Sonia Citlali , Gómez-Pérez Francisco Javier , Gómez-Sámano Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04090580 Registered on November 9th, 2019. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of dapagliflozin in addition to metformin (DAPA+MET) at maximum tolerated dose in comparison with metformin alone (MET) on glycemic variability (GV) measured by Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE), in newly onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) subjects.This was an open label randomized clinical trial and we included 88 subjects. The main baseline (W0) characteristics included mean age 52.2±10.4 years, weight 80.6±16.5 kg, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) 133.3±19.3mmHg, HbA1c 9.3±1.5%, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) 100.5±15.4 ml/min/1.73 m2, MAGE 4.2±1.4 mmol/L. Eighty patients completed follow-up at week 12 (W12) (DAPA+MET, n=41; MET, n=39).For the Intention to treat (ITT n=88) analysis results are presented as Δ, which represents the change between W0 and W12 values.In the analysis between groups DAPA+MET vs. MET. The DAPA+MET group achieved a lower GV ΔMAGE between groups: -0.79 mmol/L, p=0.018, achieved longer periods within ΔTIR (time in range) between groups target glucose levels 70-180 mg/dL: +22.9 % of the day, p=0.003, showed a greater weight reduction Δweight between groups: -2.5 kg, p<0.001 and lower serum insulin levels between groups, Δinsulin: -4.5 µU/mL p=0.029.Patients with new onset T2DM treated with DAPA + MET during a 12-week period presented improvements in GV measured by MAGE, achieved a better TIR% target, lower serum insulin levels, and reduced more weight in comparison with patients treated only with MET as Standard of Care (SOC).Starting a dual treatment of DAPA+ MET in newly onset T2DM patients might prevent or delay the development of complications associated to oxidative stress, originated by GV fluctuations.
A New Version of Brocard-Ramanujan Equation
Authors: Ibrahimov Seyran , Emin Ahmet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Let \((F_{m})_{m\geq0}\) be the Fibonacci sequence defined by \(F_{0}=0, F_{1}=1\) and \(F_{m+2}=F_{m+1}+F_{m}\) for \(m\geq0.\) In this study, we investigate the solution of a Diophantine equations \(n!+d=F_{m}\) and in particular \(n!+3=F_{m}\) has only the unique positive solution \((n,m)=(2,5)\) which is a special form of the Brocard-Ramanujan equation.
MSC Classification: 11D04 , 11D09 , 11D75 , 11B75
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute type B intramural hematoma among elderly patients
Authors: Li Xinyang , Liu Chong , Wang Chuanjiang , Hu Haidi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Intramural hematoma (IMH) within the aorta constitutes one of the acute aortic syndromes. Typically, individuals diagnosed with IMH tend to be of advanced age in comparison to those with aortic dissection (AD). The primary objective of this investigation was to gain insights into the prognosis of elderly patients suffering from type B IMH (TBIMH) and to ascertain the risk factors influencing their prognosis.
Methods
From January 2015 to October 2022, 71 consecutive elderly patients with TBIMH were admitted to the affiliated hospitals of China Medical University. Every patient in the cohort received their initial diagnosis of TBIMH. The basic information, initial imaging information, and survival outcomes of the patients were collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 71 individuals (mean age 69.5 ± 6.6 years, 61% male) were included in this research. Among elderly patients with TBIMH, the 60–69 age group (33/71, 46.5%) was equivalent to patients in the 70 and older age group (38/71, 53.5%). The two groups exhibited no significant variation in terms of mid- and long-term survival. Kaplan–Meier survival curves suggested that alcoholism (P = 0.002), renal insufficiency (P = 0.031), presence of ulcer-like projections (ULPs; P = 0.039), and a maximum hematoma thickness of more than 13 mm (P = 0.026) were associated with aortic-related deaths. The Cox survival analysis demonstrated that a maximum hematoma thickness greater than 13 mm (HR = 3.782, 1.272–11.243; P = 0.017) was shown to significantly predict the progression of IMH.
Conclusions
In elderly patients with TBIMH, the presence of a hematoma exceeding 13 mm in thickness was identified as an independent risk factor for aortic-related mortality. Additionally, the coexistence of ULP and alcoholism appeared to be potentially correlated with an elevated risk of aortic-related mortality.
Factors Associated with Worsening Interstitial Fibrosis/Tubular Atrophy in Lupus Nephritis Patients Undergoing Repeat Kidney Biopsy
Authors: Shao Daming , Jimenez Alejandra Londoño , Guerrero Maria Salgado , Wang Shudan , Broder Anna 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA) on kidney biopsies strongly predicts progression to end-stage renal disease. However, factors associated with progression of IFTA are not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and histopathological factors at the time of index kidney biopsies that are associated with worsening IFTA on repeat biopsies.
Methods
Patients with LN Class I to V or mixed LN on index biopsies who underwent a clinically indicated repeat biopsy between 2004 and 2020 were identified. None-mild IFTA was defined as < 25% acreage of the interstitium affected by fibrosis and atrophy, and moderate-severe IFTA was defined as ≥ 25% of the interstitium affected. Patients with none-mild IFTA on index biopsies who progressed to moderate-severe IFTA on repeat biopsies were defined as progressors. Patients with none-mild IFTA on both biopsies were defined as non-progressors.
Results
Seventy-two patients who underwent clinically indicated repeat kidney biopsies were included, and 35 (49%) were identified as progressors. Compared to non-progressors, progressors had a higher proportion of proliferative LN (20 [57%] vs. 6 [17%], p = 0.002) and crescents (9 [26%] vs. 3 [8%], p = 0.045) on index biopsies. There was no difference regarding the time to repeat biopsy or the baseline characteristics, including eGFR, presence of hypertension and diabetes, urine protein to creatinine ratio, or the initial treatments.
Conclusions
Proliferative LN and the presence of crescents on index biopsies were associated with subsequent IFTA progression on repeat biopsies. This association indicates that glomerular damage is one of the major drivers of tubulointerstitial scarring in SLE. IFTA progression may, in turn, be the driving factor of poor treatment response and progression to chronic kidney disease.
Three minutes of fame: Effects of movie commentary video style on users’ liking and commenting intentions
Authors: Li Zhi , Huai Sicheng , Lin Yang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate how measures of short video content are associated with users’ engagement behavior on TikTok interactively. To this end, the movie commentary video as a representative of short video, is selected to examine the underlying mechanisms through which video style (plot narrative, emotional contagion and suggestive twist) influence user behavioral engagement intentions (liking and commenting). Grounded in the Cognition–Affection–Conation (C-A-C) framework, and emotional contagion theory, the theoretical hypotheses are proposed, and empirically tested using a sample of 488 movie commentary video data. Results reveal that the ability of movie commentary video to attract users is related to video style (e.g., emotional contagion) and movie genre (e.g., drama); their matching degree exerts a more significant influence on user behavioral engagement intentions. In addition, for the emotional contagion type, vloggers can optimize video production by focusing on video characteristics such as shots, tone of commentator, and movie content. Overall, our findings highlight the role of video style and video content for the study of popularity short videos. An important contribution of this study is about understanding the relationship between user generated content (UGC) and how user engagement manifests itself on short video platform. Insights are provided into the role video style plays in influencing user engagement behavior.
Internet addicts show impaired interference control ability: Evidence from Event- related potentials and oscillatory brain responses
Authors: Rostami Farzad , Esteki Ali , Khoniveh Sepideh , Ghamari Rana , Sarabi-Jamab Atiye 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Impairment in interference control and inhibitory control is common in internet addiction disorder (IAD). This study explores the relationship between these impairments, event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs), and conflict monitoring indices in IAD. The Stroop and a modified Stroop tasks were administered to IAD participants and healthy controls (HC) while recording electroencephalography. Early MFN, late MFN, and SP components were determined by comparing the pre-onset baseline with the grand averaged ERP activity. ERSPs were extracted from the EEG to measure power differences between groups at each time frequency point. A cluster-based random permutation test was used for statistical analysis. The IAD group displayed decreased ERP activity in early and late MFN due to diminished ability to detect stimulus and response conflicts. They also showed reduced activity in conflict SP, indicating defective neuronal reflections of compensatory cognitive control and adjustment processes. ERSP analysis revealed significant involvement of low-frequency (theta) and high-frequency (beta2 and gamma) bands in interference control. The IAD group showed significantly reduced ERSP Stroop effect in theta in an earlier time window and significantly higher ERSP Stroop effects at beta2 and gamma frequencies. The study suggests that IAD individuals have impaired executive function, diminished conflict detection, response selection, and resolution, and attenuated conflict adaptation compared to HCs. The diminished conflict monitoring effect in IADs, as indicated by the early and late MFN indices, underscores the need for further research into the neural underpinnings of these impairments.
Association of Physical Activity Trajectories with Longitudinal Changes in Renal Function among Older Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yuan Du , Zhou Linshan , Chen Xiaojun , Liu Hong , Liu Yu , Chen Guochun , Zeng Mengru 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
To investigate association between physical activity trajectories and longitudinal changes in renal function. We performed this study in Chinese adults with 60 years or older using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011 and 2015.
Methods
Latent class trajectory modeling (LCTM) was applied to identify heterogeneous trajectories of physical activity scores (PAS) from 2011 to 2015. Generalize linear models were adopted to investigate the relationship between trajectories of PAS and the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine and cystatin C (slope of eGFRcr-cys). Serial mediation analysis was conducted to reveal significant mediating pathways from trajectories of PAS to the slope of eGFRcr-cys.
Results
A total number of 407 participants aged 60 years or older were divided into 5 classes based on different PAS trajectories. After adjustment for potential confounders (age, drinking in last year, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, kidney disease, baseline eGFRcr-cys and baseline uric acid), compared with class 1, class 2 was associated with an increase of 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI), -0.39-1.68] in the slope of eGFRcr-cys; class 3 was associated with an increase of 1.24 (95%CI, 0.37–2.10) in the slope of eGFRcr-cys; class 4 was associated with an increase of 1.64 (95%CI, 0.65–2.63) in the slope of eGFRcr-cys; class 5 was associated with an increase of 2.37 (95%CI, 1.37–3.36) in the slope of eGFRcr-cys. Notably, a significant mediating pathway from trajectories of PAS to the slope of eGFRcr-cys through serial mediation of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and baseline eGFRcr-cys was found.
Conclusions
A slow-rise trajectory starting from a more than moderate level of PAS.(class 5) is preferable in terms of slowing renal function decline among older Chinese adults aged 60 years or more. For older people, this PA trajectory is recommended owing to its potential beneficial impact on renal function. A significant mediating pathway from trajectories of PAS to the slope of eGFRcr-cys is through serial mediation of TyG index and baseline eGFRcr-cys, which partially explains how PA trajectories are associated with longitudinal changes in renal function.
Novel Anatomical Locking Plate for Treatment of Fractures of Posterior Acetabular Wall and Column
Authors: Lee Hsin-Hsin , Wang Jou-Hua , Yang Jui-Ming , Wu Po-Ting , Su Hong-Lin , Hu Ming-Hsien , Lee Pei-Yuan , Chuang Chang-Han 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of an innovative anatomical locking plate known as the anatomical posterior acetabular plate (APAP) for posterior plating for acetabular fractures. From January 2015 to December 2018, 19 patients who had posterior wall or posterior column fractures and underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with the APAP using the standard Kocher–Langenbeck approach were included. Relevant surgical data were collected for clinical evaluation. Reduction quality was graded according to Matta’s radiological criteria. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the modified Merle d’Aubigné scoring system and the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) questionnaire. Satisfactory anatomical reduction was achieved in 16 (84.2%) patients. The final modified Merle d’Aubigné scores were excellent for one hip (5.3%), good for ten hips (52.6%), fair for six hips (31.6%), and poor for two hips (10.5%). The mean OHS was 33.3 (10–44). The incidence of heterotopic ossification, posttraumatic osteoarthritis, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head was 10.5%, 21%, and 26.3%, respectively. The rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty was 15.8% after 4 years. The results of this study indicate that the APAP provides adequate fixation and satisfactory short-term results in treating posterior acetabular fractures.
Intuitive Moral Bias Favors the Religiously Faithful: Evidence from Two Societies
Authors: Dayer Alex , Aswamenakul Chanuwas , Turner Matthew A. , Nicolay Scott , Wang Emily , Shurik Katherine , Holbrook Colin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Belief in powerful supernatural agents that enforce moral norms has been theoretically linked with cooperative altruism and prosociality. Correspondingly, prior research reveals an implicit association between atheism and extreme antisociality (e.g., serial murder). However, findings centered on associations between lack of faith and moral transgression do not directly address the hypothesized conceptual association between religious belief and prosociality. Accordingly, we conducted two pre-registered experiments depicting a “serial helper” to assess biases related to extraordinary helpfulness, mirroring designs depicting a serial killer used in prior cross-cultural work. In both a predominantly religious society (the U.S., Study 1) and a predominantly secular society (New Zealand, Study 2), we successfully replicated previous research linking atheism with transgression, and obtained evidence for a substantially stronger conceptual association between religiosity and virtue. The results suggest that an intuitive conceptual association between religiosity and prosociality is both real and global in scale.
Do the teaching, practice and assessment of clinical communication skills align?
Authors: Dewi Sari Puspa , Wilson Amanda , Duvivier Robbert , Kelly Brian , Gilligan Conor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence indicates that communication skills teaching learnt in the classroom are not often readily transferable to the assessment methods that are applied nor to the clinical environment. An observational study was conducted to objectively evaluate students’ communication skills in different learning environments. The study sought to investigate, (1) the extent to which the communication skills demonstrated by students in classroom, clinical, and assessment settings align; and (2) the extent to which communication skills practised in the classroom and clinical environment prepare students for the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) assessment.MethodA mixed methods study was conducted to observe and evaluate students during the fourth year of a five-year medical program. Participants were videorecorded during structured classroom ‘interactional skills’ sessions, as well as clinical encounters with real patients and an OSCE station calling upon communication skills. The Calgary Cambridge Observational Guideswas used to evaluate students at different settings.ResultThis study observed 28 students and findings revealed that while in the classroom students were able to practise a broad range of communication skills, in contrast in the clinical environment, information-gathering and relationship-building with patients became the focus of their encounters with patients. In the OSCEs, limited time and high-pressure scenarios caused the students to rush to complete the task which focussed solely on information-gathering and/or explanation, diminishing opportunity for rapport-building with the patient.ConclusionThese findings indicate a poor alignment that can develop between the skills practiced across learning environments. Further research is needed to investigate the development and application of students’ skills over the long term to understand supports for and barriers to effective teaching and learning of communication skills in different learning environments.
The impact of visuospatial cues on human spatial perception abilities
Authors: Salehi Faezeh , Pariafsai Fatemeh , Dixit Manish K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we conducted spatial perception tests, including distance perception (DP) and size perception (SP) tests, under various experimental conditions to investigate their effects on response accuracy and response time. Participants were divided into a control group (CG), Experimental group 1 (EG1), and Experimental group 2 (EG2). Significant differences were observed between CG and EG1, as well as between EG1 and EG2, with CG and EG2 showing higher response accuracy compared to EG1. Response time differences were also significant among the three groups. Further analysis revealed no significant difference in DP test accuracy means, indicating that limited or no availability of landmarks did not impact participants' distance perception. However, SP test accuracy showed a significant difference, suggesting that the presence or absence of landmarks influenced participants' ability to perceive size. Pairwise comparisons indicated that SP responses in CG and EG2 were more accurate than in EG1. Response time analysis showed a significant difference in SP test response time between EG1 and EG2, with EG1 having longer response times. Gender analysis in EG1 revealed that males performed more accurately than females in this test condition. Demographic factors such as age and gamer/non-gamer status did not significantly influence participants' response accuracy. Participants' performance on DP and SP tests revealed consistent overestimation of distance in the sagittal plane and underestimation in the frontal plane. SP test results indicated that most participants overestimated the height of the cube and underestimated its depth, with no significant gender or gamer/non-gamer differences. This study contributes valuable insights into the impact of experimental conditions on spatial perception, emphasizing the importance of considering these factors in designing tasks or interventions requiring spatial perception. The findings have implications for fields such as cognitive psychology, human-computer interaction, and virtual reality design.