bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of preservatives in cosmetics and food samples by micellar liquid chromatography
Authors: Memon Najma , Bhanger M. Iqbal , Khuhawer M. Y. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn analytical procedure has been developed for the analysis of benzoic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl‐, ethyl‐, propyl‐, isopropyl‐, and butyl esters of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid by micellar liquid chromatography. After dilution in n‐propanol the sample was directly injected onto a Lichrosorb ODS, 5 μm (250×4.6 mm ID) column and eluted with aqueous 2% Brij‐35 adjusted to pH 3.0 with phosphoric acid:propanol (80 : 20 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL min–1 and UV detection at 254 nm. A linear calibration curve was obtained simultaneously for each component in the range of 50–500 μg mL–1 for benzoic acid and 5–150 μg mL–1 for the other components; detection limits were within 25–250 ng mL–1 corresponding to125–1250 pg per injection (5 μL). The reproducibility in terms of average peak area and average retention time was obtained with coefficients of variation (CV) of 1.2% and 0.5%. The method was applied to analysis of these compounds in cosmetics (shampoos, hand lotions, creams, and bath foam) and food samples.
Pledger modelling: Help the Aged case study
Authors: Cole Karen , Dingle Rachel , Bhayani Rajesh 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

The recruitment of pledgers (as a proxy for potential legators) to charitable organisations plays a vital role in their continued success, and as a percentage of all fundraising income generated it can represent substantial proportions. However, of all the ‘donation asks’ made of supporters, asking for a legacy is the most difficult. Therefore, it is important that the target audience should be as well researched and highly targeted as possible.

Help the Aged had reached the stage where decisions need to be made about its future marketing in order to protect longer‐term income. The findings of this legacy targeting project were to feed into communication programmes, direct marketing, and the overall legacy marketing strategy.

The key objective was to identify the best prospects to mail a legacy ask to, across the supporter database, with the likelihood that they are going to pledge as a result.

It was found that whilst tailored data analysis comes at a price, the average value of a legacy justifies the cost of using sophisticated targeting tools. However, because of the pledge‐to‐legacy time lapse, there will always be issues with measuring any long‐term return on investment (ROI). Nonetheless, pledgers have to be taken on their word for the purpose of testing (and subsequent rollouts). Pledge data should be tested and the outcomes should inform legacy marketing. However, as mentioned above, pledgers necessarily need to be taken on their word and therefore, formulating models based on the type and/or value of pledges is not recommended.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased physical activity among headstart children with a history of wheezing: Use of an accelerometer to measure activity
Authors: Firrincieli Vincent , Keller Adrienne , Ehrensberger Ryan , Platts‐Mills James , Shufflebarger Cindy , Geldmaker Bethany , Platts‐Mills Thomas 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAsthma is a severe problem among inner city children, and recent evidence suggests that both allergen exposure and lifestyle can impact the disease early in childhood. This study was designed to investigate the association between physical activity and wheezing among a population of inner city children enrolling in Head Start. The parents of children aged 3–5 years responded to a questionnaire (N = 144) to determine the presence and severity of wheezing and asthma. Information was also gathered regarding home environment, food frequency, and presence of other allergic diseases. Serum was obtained to measure total IgE and specific IgE levels to common allergens. Height and weight for body mass index were recorded. Lastly, motion sensor wristwatches (Actiwatch®) were worn continuously by a subset of these children (n = 54) for 6 or 7 days. Physical activity measured with the motion sensor was decreased among children with a history of wheezing. The significant differences involved those measures of activity relating to prolonged or sustained physical activity. The correlates of asthma associated with decreased levels of physical activity included: 1) a history of wheezing in the last 12 months, 2) the diagnosis of asthma, and 3) presentation to the emergency room in the last 12 months for wheezing or asthma. In a preschool‐age population, decreased physical activity was observed among children with a history of asthma or wheezing. Decreased physical activity could contribute to persistence of asthma or put children at higher risk for obesity and other chronic diseases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limitations of electronic compensation for measuring plethysmographic airway resistance in infants
Authors: Subbarao Padmaja , Hulskamp Georg , Stocks Janet 
Published: April 2005

AbstractElectronic compensation to overcome thermal artifacts during plethysmographic estimations of airway resistance is now used routinely in adults and school‐age children, and was shown to be a valuable means of discriminating airway function between preschool children with and without lung disease. A similar system is now commercially available for infants, which could increase the applicability of this technique. However, we noted marked discrepancies in electronically calculated values of airway resistance in this age group, both with respect to absolute values displayed and marked within‐subject variability on a single test occasion. The aim of this technical report is to summarize our recent findings in order to alert other users to potential problems. Airway resistance (Raw) was measured in 62 infants (28 with cystic fibrosis (CF); 34 healthy). Three to five epochs of quiet regular tidal breathing were collected in each infant. Marked within‐subject, within‐test variability was observed, with the median coefficient of variation (CV) being 9.1% (range, 1.2–52.6%) within and 8.5% (0.1–112%) between epochs. Among healthy infants, Raw varied from 0.1–6.4 (kPa · liter−1 · sec), with no relationship to either body or lung size and complete overlap of results with those from infants with CF, despite abnormal lung function in the latter when assessed by other means. The marked within‐ and between‐subject variability in healthy infants, and lack of discriminative power of Raw when derived from electronically compensated values, currently preclude application in either clinical or research studies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New aspects of the BMN correspondence beyond the planar limit
Authors: Gutjahr P. , Pankiewicz A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe study the one‐loop correction to the energy of free string states in light‐cone string field theory. In particular, we construct the supermultiplet of states with two stringy excitations and explicitly determine the complete perturbative contribution to their energy shift from the impurity‐conserving channel. The result does not reproduce the gauge theory prediction and features half‐integer powers of the effective gauge coupling I'. We show that the above truncation is incompatible with supersymmetry and thus not suited for conclusive tests of the BMN duality.
Supersymmetry and flavor in a sugra dual of 𝒩 = 1 Yang‐Mills
Authors: Paredes A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSome field theory aspects can be addressed holographically by introducing D‐branes in the string theory duals. In this work, we study this issue in the framework of a dual of 𝒩 = 1 YM, the so‐called Maldacena‐Núñez model. Some supersymmetric embeddings for D5‐brane probes are found and they are interpreted as the addition of fundamental flavors to the gauge theory. This allows to give a dual description of some known aspects of 𝒩 = 1 SQCD and to compute a mass spectrum of mesons.
Aspects of WZW models at critical level
Authors: Bakas I. , Sourdis C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe consider non‐compact WZW models at critical level (equal to the dual Coxeter number) as tensionless limits of gravitational backgrounds in string theory. Special emphasis is placed on the Euclidean black hole coset SL(2,R)k/U(1) when k = 2. In this limit gravity decouples in the form of a Liouville field with infinite background charge and the world‐sheet symmetry of the model becomes a truncated version of W∞ without Virasoro generator. This is regarded as manifestation of Langlands duality for the SL(2,R)k current algebra that relates small with large values of the level in the two extreme limits. However, the physical interpretation of the SL(2,R)k/U(1) coset model below the self‐dual value k = 3 remains elusive including the non‐conformal theory at k = 2.
Numerical results for U(1) gauge theory on 2d and 4d non‐commutative spaces
Authors: Bietenholz W. , Bigarini A. , Hofheinz F. , Nishimura J. , Susaki Y. , Volkholz J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present non‐perturbative results for U(1) gauge theory in spaces, which include a non‐commutative plane. In contrast to the commutative space, such gauge theories involve a Yang‐Mills term, and the Wilson loop is complex on the non‐perturbative level. We first consider the 2d case: small Wilson loops follow an area law, whereas for large Wilson loops the complex phase rises linearly with the area. In four dimensions the behavior is qualitatively similar for loops in the non‐commutative plane, whereas the loops in other planes follow closely the commutative pattern. In d = 2 our results can be extrapolated safely to the continuum limit, and in d = 4 we report on recent progress towards this goal.
Intrastriatal dopamine D1 receptor agonist‐mediated motor behavior is reduced by local neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism
Authors: Krolewski David M. , Bishop Christopher , Walker Paul D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that striatal neurokinin receptors modulate dopamine (DA)‐induced motor behaviors. To further examine this, we studied the effects of intrastriatal neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonism on motor behaviors induced by direct infusion of the full DA D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats received bilateral intrastriatal 0.8‐μl infusions of the NK1R receptor antagonist LY 306,740 (0, 27, or 54 nmol/side) followed by intrastriatal infusions of SKF 82958 (0 or 24 nmol/side) into the dorsal striatum. Following each infusion, rats were placed into automated activity monitors for the quantification of horizontal activity, total distance traveled, movement bouts, and stereotypy counts. As expected, SKF 82958 increased motor activity on all behavioral measures. More importantly, whereas 27 nmol was without effect, prior infusion of 54 nmol LY 306,740 significantly reduced most aspects of behavior. The results of this study suggest that functional NK1Rs within the striatum play a permissive role in the motor behaviors induced by D1R stimulation. Synapse 57:1–7, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personal experience withCorynebacterium parvum in human cancers
Authors: IsraËl Lucien , Edelstein Richard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article reviews the results obtained from treating over 800 cancer patients withCorynebacterium parvum in various clinical situations. No fatalities or severe complications occurred.C. parvum is a very safe agent, although it may induce temporary fever and chills, especially when given by the intravenous route. Its use as a single agent has induced some regressions of established tumors when given intravenously, and has always significantly increased the duration of response in chemotherapy responders as shown by 4 distinct randomized studies. These studies and others lead to the conclusion that nonspecific immune stimulation has a role to play in the treatment of disseminated tumors as well as of minimal residual disease, and that far from conflicting with the use of cytostatic agents, it may increase their effectiveness. The mechanisms by which this can be accomplished are discussed and some unsolved problems are reviewed relating to the proper scheduling of immunochemotherapy, the monitoring of nonspecific immune stimulation and the exact place ofC. parvum in a multi‐modality approach to established tumors. It is emphasized that the concepts derived from the use ofC. parvum are more important than the agent itself, which is only one of numerous immunopotentiators that can be used in various combinations.
Levamisole as an immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Amery willem K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLevamisole, as an immunotherapeutic agent, distinguishes itself from the bacterial immunoadjuvants in that it does not stimulate immune responses above the normal level in healthy subjects. Numerous animal and clinical studies on levamisole as an anticancer agent suggest that there is a threshold dose of levamisole (2.5 mg/kg per day for humans) which should be met in order to achieve optimum results and which should be adjusted for body weight or surface area. In addition, levamisole appears most effective on hematogenous metastases and on patients with a heavier pre‐treatment tumor burden. Finally, while most cancers appear susceptible to the effects of levamisole, the drug should be used as an adjunct to classical therapeutic modalities, to stabilize complete remissions, not to induce them by itself. Therefore, immunotherapy with levamisole may be most efficacious when used as an adjuvant to other forms of cytoreductive therapy.
Lymphography of the thyroid gland: Is intraglandular dissemination of thyroid carcinoma possible?
Authors: Fernandez‐Cruz Laureano , Astudillo E. , Pera C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLymphography of the thyroid gland was performed in 82 patients with multinodular goiter (41), solitary thyroid nodule (36), and hyperthyroidism (5). Six of the patients proved to have cancer. The studies showed that each thyroid lobe has its own intraglandular lymphatics and drains only to homolateral cervical lymph nodes. The absence of lymphatic connections between the two thyroid lobes casts doubt on the proposal that cancer cells spread from one lobe to the other by way of the lymphatics. Thyroid lymphography was found to be of value in demonstrating the presence or absence of metastases to cervical lymph nodes and, thereby, in determining the necessity for radical neck dissection. Lymphography was also useful in detecting unsuspected small thyroid nodules.
Use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of adynamic ileus
Authors: Kinnaert P. , Panda M. , Deuvaert F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTen patients suffering from severe adynamic ileus which did not respond to standard treatment, consisting of nasogastric suction and neostigmine, received chlorpromazine either intravenously or intramuscularly in association with neostigmine. This therapy was successful in 8 patients and failed in 2. One 89‐year‐old woman developed a cecal perforation. This complication could presumably have been avoided with a “blow hole” cecostomy.
Tumors of the brachial plexus associated with a tumor of the thyroid gland
Authors: Noterman J. , Dor P. , Jortay A. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis is a report of 3 patients who had brachial plexus tumors associated with thyroid tumors. The brachial plexus tumors were schwannomas in 2 patients and a neurofibrosarcoma in one. The thyroid tumors were a carcinoma in 2 patients and a large colloid goiter in one. The association of these two conditions may be coincidental, particularly since they have nothing in common from the standpoints of embryology and pathology. However, it is interesting that approximately 10% of the reported cases of brachial plexus schwannoma have had an associated thyroid tumor.
Major limb, hand, and digital replantation
Authors: Tamai Susumu , Hori Yoshihide , Tatsumi Yoshitaka , Okuda Hisao , Nakamura Yoshiya , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Takita Takehiko 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSuccessful replantation of an amputated extremity depends mainly upon the accurate repair of blood vessels, but the final goal must be complete restoration of function. Before a decision to replant is made, the extent of tissue damage, the patient's age and general condition, sex, occupation, and the patient's wishes regarding replantation are evaluated. All tissues that influence survival of the replanted part and its ultimate function must be repaired primarily. An operating microscope should always be used for the vascular and nerve repairs, especially in digital replantation. Good postoperative management is the final key for successful replantation, and includes prevention of thrombosis and adequate rehabilitation. Systemic heparinization is used in digital replantation, but is not used in major limb replantation. Rehabilitation is begun on the first post‐operative day, but several reconstructive operations may be necessary on the replanted part to achieve improved function.Between May, 1959 and December, 1977, replantation operations were performed in 218 extremities of 159 patients. Thirteen of 16 major limb replantations and 181 of 204 digital replantations have survived, an overall success rate of 88%. Functional recovery has varied in each individual for several reasons, but most patients are satisfied with the function of their replanted part.
Treatment of acute abdominal diseases by combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine
Authors:   Institute for Acute Abdominal Diseases,   The Research Group for Acute Abdominal Diseases
Published: April 2005

AbstractTreatment of acute abdominal diseases by combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine has extended the scope of nonoperative management. When appropriately applied, the clinical results have been quite satisfactory, being better than those from the practice of either traditional Chinese medicine or modern Western medicine. The combined treatment for acute abdominal diseases does not exclude the use of operation when really indicated. The choice of nonoperative or operative treatment is determined by the individual condition of the patient. The use of herb medicine plays an important role in the combined treatment of acute abdominal diseases. The choice of herbs, the selection of constituents of the prescriptions, and the forms of the preparations employed are determined by the underlying pathologic process and the clinical manifestations of the individual patient.Combined treatment was used in 1,200 patients with acute appendicitis, 486 with acute perforation of peptic ulcer, 1,006 with acute intestinal obstruction, 829 with acute pancreatitis, and 1,408 with acute biliary tract infection. The percentages of patients who recovered without operation were 94.2% with acute appendicitis, 69.5% with perforated ulcer, 71.8% with intestinal obstruction, 97.6% with acute pancreatitis, and 83.4% with acute biliary tract infection. The overall mortality rates for all patients treated by the combined approach were 0.17% for acute appendicitis, 2.7% for perforated ulcer, 2.9% for intestinal obstruction, 0.8% for acute pancreatitis, and 3.3% for acute biliary tract infection.
Transduodenal diverticulectomy for periampullar diverticula
Authors: Lida Futoshi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTransduodenal diverticulectomy was carried out in 14 patients who had diverticula evaginating into the head of the pancreas. There were 13 patients with diverticula associated with gallstones and 1 without gallstones but with symptoms resembling cholelithiasis. Diverticulectomy was securely performed without any complications or deaths. Recurrence of the diverticula was not seen on follow‐up study for 3 years. In 1 patient, 1 of 3 diverticula was missed at the time of operation; it remains asymptomatic. However, it is important to note the exact location and number of diverticula prior to operation.
Progress in the treatment of breast cancer—Introduction
Authors: Forrest A. P. M. , Maureen Roberts M. 
Published: April 2005

ConclusionsIt is clear that unless the surgeon is specially committed to a study of breast cancer, he or she no longer can hope to have the necessary knowledge of the wide variety of techniques now required for the investigation and treatment of this disease. Since women with breast tumors often seek the advice of the surgeon as a first step, it is essential that it be realized that surgery is only part of the management of the patient. Nevertheless, the surgeon must be fully aware of the principles underlying the investigation and planned therapy of women with malignancies of the breast. In this review we have attempted to present a summary of new developments and likely trends for the future.
The curability of breast cancer
Authors: Brinkley Diana , Haybittle J. L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA long‐term follow‐up study was performed of 704 women who were treated for breast cancer during 1947–50 at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England. After 21 years the observed survival curve for the treated patients and the expected survival curve for the normal population became parallel, suggesting a “cure rate” of about 18% for all cases of breast cancer and about 30% for cancers in stages I and II combined. At least 6 patients died of breast cancer after 20 years. Eighty‐one patients survived for 20 or more years, and at least 21 of these originally had metastases in axillary lymph nodes. It would be very worthwhile if this “curable” group could be identified at the time of diagnosis so that they would be spared systemic adjuvant treatments.
Controlled trials in the treatment of “early” breast cancer: A review of published results
Authors: Stewart Helen J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis review summarizes the results of local treatment of “early” breast cancer obtained in 17 clinical trials that can be divided into 3 groups. In the 7 trials in group I, the type of surgery in each was a constant (radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy) and the evaluations were designed to compare the results of various forms of postoperative treatment (immediate radiotherapy, delayed radiotherapy, chemotherapy, placebo, and observation). In the 4 trials in group II, the postoperative management in each was a constant (radiotherapy or observation) and the variable that was evaluated was the type of surgery (simple mastectomy versus radical mastectomy). In the 6 trials in group III, both the type of surgery (super‐radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, simple mastectomy, wide local excision) and the type of postoperative treatment (partial or complete radiotherapy, observation) were varied so as to evaluate different combinations. Although sufficient time has not elapsed to assess the results of many of these trials, the conclusions that appear warranted at this time are: 1) simple mastectomy combined with postoperative radiotherapy is as effective in terms of survival and recurrence rates as radical mastectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy in stage I and stage II breast cancer, and 2) postoperative radiotherapy does not increase survival following radical mastectomy.