bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-electrochemical coupled modeling of solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Hedayati Davood Peyrow , Singh Gita , Schelkow Rafael , Kucher Michael , Malik Sharali , Keene Tony D. , Böhm Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Solid-state supercapacitors (SSC) are pivotal in modern energy storage technologies due to their high power density, rapid charge–discharge cycles, and extended lifespan. They can be used in both structural and flexible configurations with innovative applications across industries. For practical applications, SSCs need to preserve their electrochemical performance at elevated service temperatures. Therefore, the interplay and effect of high temperatures on the electrochemical performance of SSCs need to be investigated. In this work, for the first time, a multiphysics thermo-electrochemical coupled continuum modeling framework is developed to capture the effect of temperature on the frequency-dependent behavior of SSCs. This novel approach employs finite element analysis (FEA) instead of conventional equivalent circuit methods, enabling more detailed insights into the internal structure effects of temperature on performance parameters such as resistance, diffusion, and double-layer capacitance. The model is numerically solved by means of finite element analysis (FEA). To validate the simulations, a sustainable solid-state supercapacitor was fabricated using biocarbon and chemical vapor deposition. The use of biowaste-derived biocarbon as a novel sustainable electrode material aligns with global sustainability goals. The temperature-dependent impedance of the supercapacitor was measured at temperatures within 20 to 50 °C. The results showed that the model is able to predict the cell impedance behavior at various elevated temperatures. Furthermore, a sensitivity study was conducted to examine the effects of various coupling parameters. Key findings reveal the substantial impact of high temperature on resistance, diffusion, and double-layer capacitance. The system response trend was changed at 50 °C due to polymer electrolyte degradation. This thermo-electrochemical framework provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of next-generation solid-state supercapacitors, contributing to the development of sustainable energy storage solutions.
Minimally invasive biomarkers for triaging lung nodules—challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Afridi Waqar Ahmed , Picos Samandra Hernandez , Bark Juliana Muller , Stamoudis Danyelle Assis Ferreira , Vasani Sarju , Irwin Darryl , Fielding David , Punyadeera Chamindie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
CT chest scans are commonly performed worldwide, either in routine clinical practice for a wide range of indications or as part of lung cancer screening programs. Many of these scans detect lung nodules, which are small, rounded opacities measuring 8–30 mm. While the concern about nodules is that they may represent early lung cancer, in screening programs, only 1% of such nodules turn out to be cancer. This leads to a series of complex decisions and, at times, unnecessary biopsies for nodules that are ultimately determined to be benign. Additionally, patients may be anxious about the status of detected lung nodules. The high rate of false positive lung nodule detections has driven advancements in biomarker-based research aimed at triaging lung nodules (benign versus malignant) to identify truly malignant nodules better. Biomarkers found in biofluids and breath hold promise owing to their minimally invasive sampling methods, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. Although several biomarkers have demonstrated clinical utility, their sensitivity and specificity are still relatively low. Combining multiple biomarkers could enhance the characterisation of small pulmonary nodules by addressing the limitations of individual biomarkers. This approach may help reduce unnecessary invasive procedures and accelerate diagnosis in the future. This review offers a thorough overview of emerging minimally invasive biomarkers for triaging lung nodules, emphasising key challenges and proposing potential solutions for biomarker-based nodule differentiation. It focuses on diagnosis rather than screening, analysing research published primarily in the past five years with some exceptions. The incorporation of biomarkers into clinical practice will facilitate the early detection of malignant nodules, leading to timely interventions and improved outcomes. Further efforts are needed to increase the cost-effectiveness and practicality of many of these applications in clinical settings. However, the range of technologies is advancing rapidly, and they may soon be implemented in clinics in the near future.

Graphical abstract
Methodological and Ethical Approaches to Studying Contract Cheating: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Liyanagamage Nilupulee , Asylguzhina Elvira , Vel Prakash , Khan Zeenath Reza , Fernando Mario , Lancaster Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Contract cheating remains an academic integrity concern in higher education institutions, and scholarly studies in this area have continued to increase. While highly informative systematic literature reviews on contract cheating exist, they have mainly focused on the concept of contract cheating, causal factors, and prevention strategies through detection and punitive measures. To broaden the understanding and study of contract cheating, exploring the research philosophy and theoretical approach underpinning the methodological aspects is essential. This paper aims to identify, synthesize, and critically evaluate methodologies used in the study of contract cheating and provide methodological developments for future research avenues. The findings identify a lack of theoretical foundation, methodological rigour, limited research approaches, data sources, sample diversity, and ethical considerations. Accordingly, the review brings out several methodological implications for data sources, research approaches, type of analysis, and the nature of sample diversity, with special emphasis on the ethical considerations to be aware of when conducting research with sensitive participant groups related to a sensitive research area.
Mobile Applications for Longitudinal Data Collection: Web-based Survey Study of Former Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Molinnus Denise , Mainz Anne , Kurth Angelique , Lowitsch Volker , Nüchter Matthias , Bloos Frank , Wendt Thomas , Potratz Philipp , Marx Gernot , Meister Sven , Bickenbach Johannes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose: Mobile health plays an important role in providing individualized information about the health status of patients. Limited information exists on intensive care unit (ICU) patients with the risk of suffering from the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), summarizing long-term physical, mental and cognitive impairment. This web-based survey study aims to identify specific needs of former ICU patients for utilizing a newly developed, so called Post-Intensive Care Outcome Surveillance (PICOS) app to collect relevant PICS-related parameters. Methods: A prototype app was developed following interaction principles for interactive systems of usability engineering. Patients from four different German hospitals were asked about demographics, interaction with technology and their perception of the prototype regarding hedonic motivation, perceived ease of use and performance expectancy. Results: 123 patients participated in the survey; the majority owned and used smartphones. Nearly half of respondents would seek help from family members or caregivers using the app. There was a difference in affinity for technology for participants who own a smartphone and those who do not, t(116) = − 0.97, p = .335, and no significant difference in affinity for technology whether the participants would like support when using the app or not, t(97) = 1.81, p = .073. The average hedonic motivation for using the app was M = 4.44 (SD = 1.304). Conclusion: This app prototype was perceived as both beneficial and easy to use, indicating its success among former ICU patients. Due to aging and ongoing health impairments, every second patient would need assistance with the initial use of the app.
Suffering of Common Mental Disorders but Still at Work: A Longitudinal Study During Periods of Differences in Regulations for Having Sick Leave
Authors: Helgesson Magnus , Gustafsson Klas , Leineweber Constanze 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The aim was to analyse the relationships between work environment characteristics and periods of sick leave (> 14 days) in individuals diagnosed with common mental disorders (CMDs) across 1993–2014. Additionally, the study describes changes in the work environment and sick leave trends over these two periods.

Methods
From the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (SWES) 1993–2013, participants with a diagnosis of a CMD up to five years before the interview were drawn (n = 3795). Risk ratios (RRs) of the annual average number of sick leave days one year after the interview in SWES (1993–2014) were calculated for various work environment characteristics, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Having flexible working hours (RR 0.65: 0.46–0.91) and having an active job (RR 0.60: 0.41–0.88), that is, high job demands and high job control, were associated with a significantly decreased risk for a spell of sick leave > 14 days after adjusting for interview year, age, sex, and educational level. There was a tendency that also some aspects of job control, i.e. influence over working hours (RR 0.79: 0.62–1.01) and influence over work pace (0.80: 0.62–1.03), were associated with a lower risk of having  > 14 days of sick leave. There was a more substantial effect on these work environment factors in 2009–2013 than 1993–2007.

Conclusion
Enabling flexible working hours and influencing work pace and working hours can decrease the risk of sick leave among employees diagnosed with a CMD.
Effects of individual incentive reforms in the public sector: the case of teachers
Authors: Martins Pedro S. , Ferreira João R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Can incentive schemes deliver value in the public sector, despite major principal-agent challenges? We evaluate a reform that introduced individual teacher performance-related pay and tournaments in public schools in Portugal, despite trade union opposition. We find evidence that the focus on individual performance decreased student achievement (as measured by national exams) and increased grade inflation. The results follow from a difference-in-differences analysis of matched student-school panels and two complementary control groups (including private schools). Students with a higher proportion of teachers exposed to tournaments also perform worse. Overall, our results highlight the social costs of disrupting workers’ cooperation, a possible unintended consequence of public-sector tournaments.
Nocturia as a clinical marker of loss of function and resilience or risk factor for frailty in older adults? Results of the Berlin Aging Study II
Authors: König Maximilian , Malsch Carolin , Mariño Joany , Vetter Valentin Max , Komleva Yulia , Demuth Ilja , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between nocturia and frailty in a cohort of men and women aged 60 years and older, as evidence on this topic was lacking. We analyzed baseline and follow-up data (n = 1671) from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II), a prospective longitudinal cohort study focusing on the factors associated with “healthy” vs. “unhealthy” aging. Self-reported nocturia was dichotomized into < / ≥ 2 micturitions per night, and frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype. Covariables were identified a priori based on a review of the existing literature. At baseline, 70.2% of the participants were robust, 28.9% were pre-frail, and 0.9% were frail; 254 participants (23.6%) had self-reported nocturia. In longitudinal analyses, the prevalence and incidence of frailty at follow-up significantly increased when nocturia was present at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 7.1 years, there were 41 incident frailty cases (IR 5.6, 95%-CI 3.9–7.2 per 1000 person-years). After adjusting for age, sex, morbidity burden, and baseline frailty status, baseline nocturia was associated with a 2.23-fold increased risk (95%-CI 1.17–4.18) of frailty at follow-up. Nocturia is associated with an increased risk of developing or progressing in frailty in older adults, and may serve as an early clinical marker for the progression of frailty.
Stochasticity in dietary restriction-mediated lifespan outcomes in Drosophila
Authors: Mosley Olivia L. , Villa Joel A. , Kamalakkannan Advaitha , James Eliyashaib , Hoffman Jessica M. , Lyu Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is widely considered to be one of the most potent approaches to extend healthy lifespan across various species, yet it has become increasingly apparent that DR-mediated longevity is influenced by biological and non-biological factors. We propose that current priorities in the field should include understanding the relative contributions of these factors to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of DR. Our work conducted in two laboratories represents an attempt to unify DR protocols in Drosophila and to investigate the stochastic effects of DR. Across 64 pairs of survival data (DR/ad libitum, or AL), we find that DR does not universally extend lifespan. Specifically, we observed that DR conferred a significant lifespan extension in only 26.7% (17/64) of pairs. Our pooled data show that the overall lifespan difference between DR and AL groups is statistically significant, but the median lifespan increase under DR (7.1%) is small. The effects of DR were overshadowed by stochastic factors and genotype. Future research efforts directed toward gaining a comprehensive understanding of DR-dependent mechanisms should focus on unraveling the interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This is essential for developing personalized healthspan-extending interventions and optimizing dietary recommendations for individual genetic profiles.
The Analysis of Classroom Management Challenges Faced by Teachers in Online Classrooms
Authors: Adsız Mustafa , Dinçer Serkan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the classroom management challenges encountered by teachers in online classrooms compared to traditional classrooms. A qualitative case study approach was employed, whereby 97 teachers with experience of remote teaching were interviewed using semi-structured questions to identify and analyze the challenges encountered. The findings indicate that online classrooms present a number of challenges, primarily in the form of low student participation, a lack of interaction, technical issues such as internet connectivity and hardware deficiencies, and varying levels of technology literacy among teachers. However, traditional classrooms also present challenges, including discipline problems, overcrowding, and issues related to student motivation and readiness. The study revealed that effective classroom management in online classrooms is crucial for academic success and that teachers should receive continuous in-service training to enhance their technology literacy. Furthermore, improving technical infrastructure, such as internet speed and hardware quality, is recommended to support synchronous learning.
Improving permeability modeling using artificial neural networks in Lower Safa sand reservoir, JG field, Abu El-Gharadig basin, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Khalid Mostafa S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Predicting permeability along and between wells to obtain the 3D spatial distribution is challenging in reservoir modeling. Permeability measurements using core sampling are time-consuming and accord too limited subsurface coverage. This study presents a systematic approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to integrate core data and well logs to overcome these challenges and construct a robust 3D permeability model for the Lower Safa sand reservoir, JG field, Abu El-Gharadig basin, Egypt. The routine core analysis was performed to determine the reservoir quality and heterogeneity. Core-log depth match was performed, and the influential well logs, including effective porosity, bulk density, and deep resistivity logs, were selected to build the permeability model. ANN is applied to integrate the core permeability with the logs to predict permeability logs in the two studied wells. The dataset is randomly split into training, validation, and testing sets to evaluate the model's performance, and different hyperparameters are tuned to improve the prediction accuracy. A detailed comparison between the conventional method and the proposed ANN approach is provided in this study. Results demonstrate that the proposed ANN model was able to improve the permeability prediction performance by capturing the complex relationships between permeability and well logging data. The model achieves outstanding performance, where the coefficient of determination (R2) between the predicted permeability and core permeability is 0.90, 0.91, and 0.88 for the training, validation, and testing datasets, respectively. The developed model was used to predict the permeability logs along the reservoir intervals of the two studied wells. Ultimately, the Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm was used to populate the predicted logs in 3D. The outcomes of the study will aid users of deep learning to make informed choices on the appropriate ANN models to use in clastic reservoir characterization for more accurate permeability prediction with limited available data.
Brain Preservation and Cryonics Through the Lens of Moral Psychology
Authors: German Alexander , Tretter Max 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Structural brain preservation (SBP) and classical cryonics are techniques aimed at preserving the human brain for potential future applications. Reluctant public discourse around these techniques may be explained with intuitive aversions identified by moral psychology. In the first part of the paper, we conjecture the existence of a self-sustaining cycle of moral condemnation of SBP and classical cryonics due to quick, affect-laden moral intuitions. In the second part, we propose an alternative framing of SBP and classical cryonics through a thought experiment featuring a time machine metaphor called "Schrödinger’s chrono-cat", which might avoid triggering aversive moral intuitions and foster public discourse. We discuss the limitations of this framing and its consequences.
Spanish-Speaking Children’s Attitudes Toward School Science: Instrument Development and Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Quílez-Cervero César , Toma Radu Bogdan , Queiruga-Dios Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The current research evaluated the psychometric properties of a questionnaire measuring 1st and 2nd graders' attitudes toward school science (CASS). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, consisting of the 'enjoyableness' and 'self-efficacy' dimensions of school science. This analysis also provided initial evidence of satisfactory internal consistency reliability. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor model provided a better fit than a unidimensional structure and further supported the internal consistency reliability of the instrument. Study 3 provided strong evidence for test–retest reliability. Study 4 offered promising evidence of construct validity by identifying a positive and significant relationship between the 'enjoyableness' and 'perceived self-efficacy' in school science and leisure interest in science-related activities. Finally, Study 5 assessed the instrument's responsiveness to an inquiry-based intervention, showing that it can effectively detect changes over time. Taken together, these findings suggest that the proposed instrument, CASS, yields scores with adequate validity and reliability, making it a reliable tool for assessing young students' attitudes toward school science and evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions in the early elementary school years.
Influence of photobiomodulation therapy on regenerative potential of non-vital mature permanent teeth in healthy canine dogs
Authors: Khattab S. F. , Gomaa Y. F. , Abdelaziz E. A. E. , Khattab N. M. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy on the regenerative potential of non-vital mature permanent teeth of healthy Canine dogs.

Methods
54 mature roots, obtained from 27 premolars, in dogs, were selected and divided into three equal groups where Group I received regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) using blood clot as a scaffold (positive control), Group II received similar treatment as Group I, followed by photobiomodulation therapy (study group) and Group III did not receive any intervention (negative control). Each group was further divided into three equal subgroups for the evaluation of the vascular area percentage and fibroblast count at 3 different intervals; 3, 10, and 15 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed with R statistical analysis software version 4.1.3

Results
Data analysis for vascular area percentages, revealed an insignificant increase in mean values at 3 and 10 weeks for both the positive control and study group, and all values were significantly lower than the negative control (p < 0.001). At 15 weeks, there was an insignificant difference between the study group and the negative control group, with mean values was 9.76 ± 2.25, and 11.97 ± 2.37, respectively. However, both values were significantly higher than the positive control group (2.47 ± 1.0), (p < 0.001).
Regarding fibroblast count, there was a gradual increase in mean values recorded at different intervals, reaching its maximum at the 15th week period; they were 41.40 ± 1.14, 56.60 ± 6.11 and 44.67 ± 17.04 for positive control, study group, and negative control respectively, with insignificant differences between the study group and negative control.

Conclusion
The results of this study support the revascularization of non-vital mature permanent teeth as an alternative treatment modality. Photobiomodulation could improve the construction of regenerated blood vessels and fibroblasts. However, further studies with longer flow-up periods and different animal models are recommended.