bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis and tactics of managing a patient with primary hypophysitis on the example of a clinical case
Authors: Katamadze N. N. , Tskaeva A. A. , Pigarova E. A. , Dzeranova L. K. , Tarbaeva N. V. 
Published: January 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of autoimmune endocrinopathies, which are known to affect various levels of the endocrine system, including the pituitary gland. Hypophysitis is a general term used to describe any form of sellar and suprasellar inflammation that leads to structural changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary region and manifests itself in varying degrees of hormonal deficiency of the anterior and posterior pituitary glands. To date, there is a primary form of hypophysitis, which occurs as a result of an autoimmune lesion directly to the pituitary gland, and a secondary form of hypophysitis, which occurs as a result of the presence of a systemic autoimmune disease. Regardless of the etiology, patients with hypophysitis show various signs and symptoms caused by an inflammatory process in the pituitary gland, which can lead to the development of hypopituitarism, compression of the sellar and parasellar structures. MRI is currently the best non-invasive diagnostic tool for diagnosing hypopituitarism, however, the diagnosis can be made with certainty only by histological examination of the pituitary tissue, which requires an invasive approach, which greatly reduces the feasibility of this procedure. In this article, we present a patient with MRI showing signs of hypophysitis in the absence of clear clinical symptoms.
A promising approach for therapy control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Problems of Endocrinology
Authors: Tiulpakov M. A. , Nagaeva E. V. , Kalinchenko N. Y. , Bezlepkina O. B. 
Published: January 2024

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders requiring lifelong glucocorticoid replacement (GC) therapy. Lack of GC therapy leads to precocious puberty in boys, heterosexual development in girls, accelerated bone maturation and short final height in both sexes. In adolescence, the lack of GC therapy is the cause of menstrual disorders in girls and the development of TART in boys, as a result reducing the reproductive potential in both sexes. On the other hand, an overdose of GC leads to drug-induced Itsenko-Cushing’s syndrome. In order to select adequate doses of GC in childhood and adolescence, multiple determinations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone in blood plasma, and thus multiple venous blood sampling are required. The blood sampling requires specially trained medical staff and can effect on the results due to stress reaction especially in young patients. Hence, the development and implementation of a non-invasive method for determining the steroid profile is extremely important in monitoring GC therapy in children. In addition, the currently used immunofluorescence assay cannot determine other adrenal steroids, has a high variation due to the «cross-reaction» of steroids that are similar in structure, which inflates the results. Unlike immunofluorescence assay, liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is more preferable method, since it is more specific and accurate. In this literature review, saliva presented as an alternative substrate and the non-invasive method for determining the steroid profile. This method can solve the above disadvantages, simplify and make more accurate the selection of GC therapy in patients with CAH, which is especially important in childhood.
Non-local BV functions and a denoising model with L
1 fidelity
Authors: Bessas Konstantinos , Stefani Giorgio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study a general total variation denoising model with weighted

L
1

{L^{1}}

fidelity, where the regularizing term is a non-local variation induced by a suitable (non-integrable) kernel K, and the approximation term is given by the

L
1

{L^{1}}

norm with respect to a non-singular measure with positively lower-bounded

L
∞

{L^{\infty}}

density.
We provide a detailed analysis of the space of non-local

BV

\mathrm{BV}

functions with finite total K-variation, with special emphasis on compactness, Lusin-type estimates, Sobolev embeddings and isoperimetric and monotonicity properties of the K-variation and the associated K-perimeter.
Finally, we deal with the theory of Cheeger sets in this non-local setting and we apply it to the study of the fidelity in our model.
EFLM Working Group Accreditation and ISO/CEN standards on dealing with ISO 15189 demands for retention of documents and examination objects
Authors: Meško Brguljan Pika , Thelen Marc H.M. , Bernabeu-Andreu Francisco A. , Kroupis Christos , Boursier Guilaine , Vukasović Ines , Barrett Edward , Brugnoni Duilio , Lohmander Maria , Šprongl Luděk , Vodnik Tatjana , Ghiţă Irina , Vanstapel Florent , Vaubourdolle Michel , Huisman Willem 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many aspects of the activity of a medical laboratory have to be documented so as to facilitate the maintenance of the ongoing quality of service. As a consequence, many documents, forms and reports are generated. The retention time for each of these has to be specified. In addition to medical laboratory reports as part of the patient’s medical record, the medical laboratory has to retain many documents and specimens according to national legislation or guidance from professional organizations, if these exist. If not, the laboratory management needs to define a retention schedule, which shall define the storage conditions and period of storage, according to ISO 15189:2022 requirements for retention of general quality management documents and records. The EFLM Working Group on Accreditation and ISO/CEN standards provides here a proposal on retention periods of documentation and specimens based on a failure-mode-effects-analysis (FMEA) risk-based approach, a concept of risk reduction that has become an integral part of modern standards.
Robust Multigrid Methods for Discontinuous Galerkin Discretizations of an Elliptic Optimal Control Problem
Authors: Liu Sijing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider discontinuous Galerkin methods for an elliptic distributed optimal control problem, and we propose multigrid methods to solve the discretized system.
We prove that the 𝑊-cycle algorithm is uniformly convergent in the energy norm and is robust with respect to a regularization parameter on convex domains.
Numerical results are shown for both 𝑊-cycle and 𝑉-cycle algorithms.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for the Vlasov–Stokes System
Authors: Hutridurga Harsha , Kumar Krishan , Pani Amiya K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper develops and analyses a semi-discrete numerical method for the two-dimensional Vlasov–Stokes system with periodic boundary condition.
The method is based on the coupling of the semi-discrete discontinuous Galerkin method for the Vlasov equation with discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the stationary incompressible Stokes equation.
The proposed method is both mass and momentum conservative.
Since it is difficult to establish non-negativity of the discrete local density, the generalized discrete Stokes operator become non-coercive and indefinite, and under the smallness condition on the discretization parameter, optimal error estimates are established with help of a modified the Stokes projection to deal with the Stokes part and, with the help of a special projection, to tackle the Vlasov part.
Finally, numerical experiments based on the dG method combined with a splitting algorithm are performed.
Products of primes in arithmetic progressions
Authors: Matomäki Kaisa , Teräväinen Joni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A conjecture of Erdős states that, for any large prime q, every reduced residue class

(

mod
⁡
q

)

{(\operatorname{mod}q)}

can be represented as a product

p
1

⁢

p
2

{p_{1}p_{2}}

of two primes

p
1

,

p
2

≤
q

{p_{1},p_{2}\leq q}

. We establish a ternary version of this conjecture, showing that, for any sufficiently large cube-free integer q, every reduced residue class

(

mod
⁡
q

)

{(\operatorname{mod}q)}

can be written as

p
1

⁢

p
2

⁢

p
3

{p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}}

with

p
1

,

p
2

,

p
3

≤
q

{p_{1},p_{2},p_{3}\leq q}

primes. We also show that, for any

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

and any sufficiently large integer q, at least

(

2
3

-
ε

)

⁢
φ
⁢

(
q
)

{(\frac{2}{3}-\varepsilon)\varphi(q)}

reduced residue classes

(

mod
⁡
q

)

{(\operatorname{mod}q)}

can be represented as a product

p
1

⁢

p
2

{p_{1}p_{2}}

of two primes

p
1

,

p
2

≤
q

{p_{1},p_{2}\leq q}

.
The problems naturally reduce to studying character sums. The main innovation in the paper is the establishment of a multiplicative dense model theorem for character sums over primes in the spirit of the transference principle. In order to deal with possible local obstructions we establish bounds for the logarithmic density of primes in certain unions of cosets of subgroups of

ℤ
q
×

{\mathbb{Z}_{q}^{\times}}

of small index and study in detail the exceptional case that there exists a quadratic character

ψ

⁢

(

mod

⁡
q

)

{\psi~{}(\operatorname{mod}\,q)}

such that

ψ
⁢

(
p
)

=

-
1

{\psi(p)=-1}

for very many primes

p
≤
q

{p\leq q}

.
Algebraic results on rngs of singular functions
Authors: Fernandez Arran , Saadetoğlu Müge 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider a Mikusiński-type convolution algebra

C
α

{C_{\alpha}}

, including functions with power-type singularities at the origin as well as all functions continuous on

[
0
,
∞
)

{[0,\infty)}

. Algebraic properties of this space are derived, including its ideal structure, filtered and graded structure, and Jacobson radical. Applications to operators of fractional calculus and the associated integro-differential equations are discussed.
Bi-parameter and bilinear Calderón–Vaillancourt theorem with critical order
Authors: Chen Jiao , Huang Liang , Lu Guozhen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we establish the sharp Calderón–Vaillancourt theorem on

L
p

L^{p}

spaces for bi-parameter and bilinear pseudo-differential operators with symbols of critical order by deriving a sufficient and necessary condition on its symbol. This sharpens the result of [G. Lu and L. Zhang,
Bi-parameter and bilinear Calderón–Vaillancourt theorem with subcritical order,
Forum Math. 28 2016, 6, 1087–1094] which was only proved for symbols of subcritical order.
Performance comparison of Duobinary, AMI, CNRZ and CSRZ for next generation FSO communication system
Authors: Ejaz Sidra , Shafqat Sawaiba , Qureshi Kainat , Qamar Farhan , Shahzadi Romana , Ali Mudassar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
FSO, known as free-space optics, is a competent technology in wireless communication for providing license free spectrum, bandwidth, and high efficiency in next-generation networks. In this paper, an experimental approach is used to deploy FSO channel communication using different intensity modulation schemes such as CSRZ, chirped NRZ, duobinary and AMI. The performance of FSO link is adversely affected by weather conditions like haze, rain, and fog. By using different techniques, it is possible to overcome the effect of atmospheric turbulences. Therefore, four different modulation formats are compared and analyzed by testing different parameters like laser power, range, attenuation, and data rates. Quality of received signal is judged by taking Q-factor, bit error rate (BER), and eye-diagrams. An operating wavelength of 850 nm has been used to simulate the system designs. This paper aims to conclude the best intensity modulation scheme for its use in next generation networks such as 5G where direct deployment of optical fiber is not possible or feasible.
A modified bandwidth allocation algorithm for XGPON network
Authors: Patel Mehul C. , Mandloi Abhilash S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the current era of everything online, home-users are demanding high speed internet access at their figure tip. The giga-bit (XGPON) fiber based network has proven its capacity to provide higher speed internet at a light-speed. However in such network effectiveness is directly relies on the bandwidth allocation to the each of the user in timely manner. In this paper, modified bandwidth allocation algorithm is proposed to prove its capacity to support larger user with effective bandwidth allocation. The throughput result of this proposed DBA is carried out in network simulator-3 (NS-3), which is improved by 3 % over the existing DBA like Giant, Proportional DBA etc., at little increase in the delay performance of the TCONT-4 based traffic.
Medical malpractice liability in large language model artificial intelligence: legal review and policy recommendations
Authors: Shumway David O. , Hartman Hayes J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The emergence of generative large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence (AI) represents one of the most profound developments in healthcare in decades, with the potential to create revolutionary and seismic changes in the practice of medicine as we know it. However, significant concerns have arisen over questions of liability for bad outcomes associated with LLM AI-influenced medical decision making. Although the authors were not able to identify a case in the United States that has been adjudicated on medical malpractice in the context of LLM AI at this time, sufficient precedent exists to interpret how analogous situations might be applied to these cases when they inevitably come to trial in the future. This commentary will discuss areas of potential legal vulnerability for clinicians utilizing LLM AI through review of past case law pertaining to third-party medical guidance and review the patchwork of current regulations relating to medical malpractice liability in AI. Finally, we will propose proactive policy recommendations including creating an enforcement duty at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to require algorithmic transparency, recommend reliance on peer-reviewed data and rigorous validation testing when LLMs are utilized in clinical settings, and encourage tort reform to share liability between physicians and LLM developers.
Study on the mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled brick aggregate concrete with waste fiber
Authors: Wang Ting , Cui Shenao , Ren Xiaoyu , Zhang Weishen , Yang Xuechao , Gong Shangwei , Yang Deqiang , Li Bangxiang , Zhang Wengang , Su Tian , Mei Xuefeng , Dong Xiaoming , Duan Liancheng , Ma Zhiyuan , Cao Xueyun , Yu Xiyao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recycled concrete technology can promote the sustainable development of the construction industry, but the insufficient mechanical properties of recycled concrete have become a key constraint on its development. By adding waste fibers, the mechanical properties of recycled concrete can be improved, and the problem of disposing of waste polypropylene fibers can be solved. In this article, the effects of recycled brick aggregate content and waste fiber content on the mechanical properties and microstructures of recycled brick aggregate concrete through macroscopic mechanical experiments and microstructure experiments are investigated. The results show that the addition of recycled brick aggregate reduces the mechanical properties of concrete; when the content of recycled brick aggregate is 100%, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength decrease by 22.04 and 20.00%, respectively. The addition of waste fibers can improve the mechanical properties of recycled brick aggregate concrete, but it is necessary to control the contents of waste fibers in a certain range. When the content of waste fibers is 0.08%, the best improvement effect on the mechanical properties of concrete is achieved; the compressive strength of concrete with a 50% (100%) recycled aggregate replacement rate increases by 6.06% (8.90%), while the splitting tensile strength of concrete with a 50% (100%) recycled aggregate replacement rate increases by 2.30% (6.16%). Through microstructural analysis, the mechanism by which waste fiber improves the mechanical properties of recycled brick aggregate concrete is revealed. The addition of waste fibers has the effect of strengthening the framework inside the recycled brick aggregate concrete, forming a good structural stress system and allowing the recycled brick aggregate concrete to continue to bear loads after cracking. In this study, waste brick aggregate and waste fiber are effectively utilized, which can not only reduce pollution to the environment but also realize the sustainable utilization of resources.
Green chemistry and its implementation in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Al-Shatti Bashayer J. , Alsairafi Zahra , Al-Tannak Naser F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The expanding progression of industrial development has been a pioneer for world economic growth. Green chemistry has been defined as ‘the employment of techniques and methodologies that reduce or eliminate the use or production of feedstocks, products, by-products, solvents, and reagents that are harmful to human health or the environment’. The quality-by-design approach is well-known in the pharmaceutical industry, and it has a great influence on analytical methods and procedures. In the green method of chemistry, the core consideration is directed towards the design of a material or the chemical procedure; four of twelve principles are associated with design, e.g. designing fewer hazardous chemical syntheses, designing harmless chemicals and products, designing for energy effectiveness, and designing for degradation. One of the most active fields of research and development in green chemistry is the establishment of analytical methodologies, leading to the beginning of so-called green analytical chemistry. The influences of green chemistry on pharmaceutical analysis, the environment, the population, the analyst, and companies are discussed in this review, and they are multidimensional. Every selection and analytical attitude affects both the end-product and everything that surrounds it.
The application of epoxy resin polymers by laser induction technologies
Authors: Yu Chao , Yang Weiwei , Meng Fanxing , Zhao Zhonghai , Cao Fubao , Xing Chengcheng , Du Jingxuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The fabrication of robust and high-performance graphene-based electrodes on engineering plastics has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this study, we present a novel methodology to produce porous graphene structures derived from epoxy resin (EP) utilizing a straightforward laser direct-scribing process. Under the influence of a CO2 laser in an ambient atmosphere, EP undergoes a transformation to yield laser-induced graphene (LIG-APP/EP). Furthermore, this LIG-APP/EP was employed to construct an electrode for lithium-ion batteries, which exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance. Notably, the initial charge and discharge capacities of the LIG-APP/EP electrode material were recorded at 976 and 1,452 mAh g−1, respectively, with a coulombic efficiency of 67.2%. Such impressive performance can be ascribed to the hierarchical porous architecture of LIG-APP/EP and the concurrent doping with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) atoms. Given these findings, LIG-APP/EP demonstrates significant potential for applications in advanced electrochemical systems. This innovative approach also offers profound implications for the sustainable recycling of discarded engineering plastics.
Multiscale water diffusivity prediction of plain woven composites considering void defects
Authors: Wang Meng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To reveal the effects of void defects on the diffusivities of plain woven composites, a multiscale analysis framework considering the microscale and mesoscale voids is developed in this study. Different void modeling methods and analysis strategies are used to reveal the effects of void size, void shape, and void modeling assumptions on the equivalent diffusivities of the tows and plain woven composites. The analysis results show that the transverse or longitudinal diffusivities of tows predicted with an element-based modeling method are larger than those with void shapes considered. Considering void shape results in the variation of the predicted diffusivities. Based on the uniform assumption used for modeling the voids in the tows, the through-thickness and in-plane diffusivities are found to be dependent on the transverse and longitudinal diffusivities, respectively. Based on the element-based void modeling method for the tows, the predicted values are larger than those based on the uniform assumption. These tow void modeling methods cannot result in variation within predicted values. The effects of void shapes in the pure matrix on the diffusivities are also revealed, and the variation is observed.
Mobilising the Masses: Explaining the Rapid Rise of Worker Activism in Transnistria in the Late 1980s
Authors: Harrington Keith 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Between August and September 1989, Russian-speaking workers in Moldova went on strike against a series of laws that made Moldovan the sole official language of the republic. While workers from across the republic participated, it was only in the Transnistrian region that a group such as the United Soviet of Work Collectives (OSTK) was able to use the strikes to usurp power. This article questions why the strikes destabilised the Transnistrian region but not the other predominantly Russian-speaking regions that participated. The author argues that there were three reasons for this. Firstly, local political elites in Transnistria were largely inactive, creating a power vacuum the OSTK was willing and able to fill. Secondly, the OSTK launched an effective propaganda campaign aimed at undermining people’s trust in existing institutions. Finally, the Russian-speaking inhabitants of Transnistria were more hostile to Moldovan cultural demands than their counterparts elsewhere in the republic.
Generalized lower characteristic involving measures of non-strict singularity
Authors: Baraket Sami , Ghorbal Anis Ben , Jeribi Aref 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work establishes a connection between the class of generalized lower characteristic operators and[⋅]a{\left[\cdot ]}_{a}acting on a Banach space involving measures of non-strict singularity. This study presents findings on the Jeribi essential spectra of the sum of two bounded linear operators and the Jeribi essential spectra of each operator. The results are based on certain requirements related to the measure of non-strict singularity of Fredholm inverses on a Banach space X. A particular application is provided.