bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the Reactivity of Bis(bromomagnesio)trimethylsilylmethane − Molecular Structure of a Tebbe‐Type Spiro‐Organomagnesium Compound
Authors: Hogenbirk Marijke , Schat Gerrit , de Kanter Franciscus J. J. , Akkerman Otto S. , Bickelhaupt Friedrich , Kooijman Huub , Spek Anthony L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe reactivity of the 1,1‐di‐Grignard reagent Me3SiCH(MgBr)2(8) towards transition metal dihalides has been investigated. While most transformations were sluggish and gave no well‐defined products, the reaction of8with [Cp2ZrCl2] in a 1:1 ratio gave, in low yield, the novel spiro‐organomagnesium compound [Cp2ZrCHSiMe3(μ‐Br)]2Mg (12), which is stable at room temperature and does not disproportionate on addition of dioxane. An X‐ray crystal structure determination has shown that, in the solid state,12is present as theC2symmetric stereoisomer12a; it is sterically very crowded due to the trimethylsilyl substituents. Partial metalla‐alkene character is indicated by the short zirconium−carbon bonds, and agostic zirconium−hydrogen interactions by the short zirconium−hydrogen distances (Zr···H−C) and small1JC,Hcoupling constants. In benzene solution, equilibrium between12aand itsC1symmetric stereoisomer12bwas detected by1H and13C NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Enzymatic Removal of Phenol and Chlorophenols Using Soybean Seed Hulls
Authors: Bassi A. , Geng Z. , Gijzen M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSoybean peroxidase (SBP), (EC 1.11.1.7) can be readily extracted from soybean seed hulls. This study reports on the direct use of soybean seed‐hull extracts for the bioremediation of phenolic wastes. The crude SBP extract from the hulls, like pure soybean peroxidase, is catalytically active in a broad range of pH and temperatures. As SBP is gradually released into the aqueous solution from seed hulls, the direct use of soybean seed hulls can reduce SBP inactivation by H2O2 and enhance the utilization efficiency of SBP through the slow release of the enzyme from the seed hulls. However, large doses of soybean seed hulls were found to be ineffective in phenol removal. Gradual additions of H2O2 in combination with the SBP released from the hulls were applied to optimize the bioremediation. Since the crude extract contains a mixture of multiple soybean proteins, soybean seed hull slurry required a higher concentration of H2O2 to remove the phenolic substrates than did the purified enzyme. Under the experimental conditions, 80 % of phenol (10.6 mM), 96 % of 2‐chlorophenol (3.9 mM), 95 % of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (3.1 mM), and 94 % of mixed phenol and chlorophenols were removed using soybean seed hulls in a single batch reactor. These results demonstrate that soybean seed hulls, compared to purified SBP, may be a more cost‐effective alternative in the enzymatic removal of phenolic compounds through polymerization reactions.
Improvements in the reliability and quality of unstructured hybrid mesh generation
Authors: Ito Yasushi , Nakahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a reliable and automated approach to the generation of unstructured hybrid grids comprised of tetrahedra, prisms and pyramids for high Reynolds number viscous flow simulations. To enhance robustness, the hybrid mesh generation process starts with the formation of an isotropic tetrahedral grid. Prismatic layers are then added on no‐slip walls fully automatically by obeying user‐specified boundary conditions and three parameters: the number of the layers, an initial layer thickness normal to the walls, and a stretching factor. Topological modifications to the original isotropic tetrahedral elements are prohibited during the layer generation process. The tetrahedral elements near no‐slip walls are shifted inward and the resulting gap between the tetrahedra and the walls is filled up with prismatic elements. To enhance the quality of the prismatic layers around sharp corners, two normals are evaluated for the marching process in these regions. The addition of prismatic elements is locally stopped if negative‐volume elements are created or not enough space is left. An angle‐based smoothing method ensures that the quality of the tetrahedral elements is retained for a reasonable computational cost. The method is demonstrated for two scaled experimental supersonic airplane models designed at the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL). Numerical results are compared with wind tunnel experimental data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit WENO shock capturing scheme for unsteady flows. Application to one‐dimensional Euler equations
Authors: Cadiou A. , Tenaud C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe unsteady numerical simulation of one‐dimensional shock waves is investigated using high‐order convective TVD and WENO schemes. Emphasis is put on the capability of existing explicit and implicit time discretization to capture the correct shock velocity. A new implicit solver is then proposed based on the WENO approach. This scheme is presented for one‐dimensional problems, but is easily extended to multi‐dimensional cases. The implicit WENO scheme is tested against the classical TVD schemes for the case of the shock tube and shock‐entropy wave interaction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of fermentation on the starch digestibility, resistant starch and some physicochemical properties of sorghum flour
Authors: Elkhalifa Abd Elmoneim O. , Schiffler Burkhard , Bernhard Rita 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe effect of natural fermentation of Tabat sorghum cultivar (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) at 37°C for up to 36 h on pH, titratable acidity, starch digestibility, resistant starch and total starch was studied. The pH of the fermenting dough decreased sharply with a concomitant increase in the titratable acidity. In vitro starch digestibility markedly increased as a result of fermentation, while resistant starch and total starch decreased. Results showed that iodine absorption capacity increased during fermentation. Fermented sorghum had more soluble starch and swelling power at 100°C than at 85°C.
Influence of vitamin B6 supplementation on polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration in serum and liver of rats fed a diet restricted in protein
Authors: Bertrandt Jerzy , Klos Anna , Debski Bogdan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe influence of vitamin B6 on fatty acids content in serum and liver of rats receiving low protein diets was studied. Addition of B6 decreased linoleic acid (LA) and increased α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in serum of rats fed a protein‐deficient diet (9% energy from proteins) for 3 months. Further restriction of dietary protein (4.5% of energy from protein) caused an increase of the DHA concentration and sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In the liver of undernourished rats significant changes of PUFA composition were noticed, although without any significant influence of vitamin B6.
Autoproteolysis rate of rainbow trout muscle proteins
Authors: Fik Mirosław , Surówka Krzysztof 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEffect of some physicochemical agents (pH, temperature and incubation time) and iced storage of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on autoproteolysis of muscle proteins and quality (sensory assessment, instrumental texture, total bacterial counts) were determined. The results showed that the autoproteolysis rate proceeded with its highest intensity at pH 4.2 and temperature about 55°C. The rate of protein hydrolysis and protease activity, as well as microbial contamination, gradually increased with prolonged periods of iced storage of fish. Properly iced trout immediately after its evisceration was acceptable in quality for up to 10 days.
Changes of chemical composition and dough rheology in two fractions of sieve‐classified Polish spring wheat flour
Authors: Konopka Iwona , Drzewiecki Jerzy 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe study of chemical composition and dough rheology changes in sieve‐classified two fractions (up to 60 and 60–240 μm particles) of wheat flour was the subject of this study. The straight grade flours were obtained by the milling of three Polish varieties of spring wheat, differing in •• abbreviation? (PSI) values. The flours were separated with the use of a SZ‐1 laboratory sifter. The yield of fine fraction was in the range 50.0–55.7%. The obtained fractions were assayed for the content and composition of free lipids, gluten proteins, damaged starch, ash, water absorption and amylograph viscosity. Dough rheology (extrusion in OTMS cell, alveograph and farinograph tests) and baking trials were also performed. The content of free lipids, including the non‐polar and phospholipids was lower and the content of glycolipids was higher in fine flours. Those fractions were more rich in linoleic acid but the lower content of oleic and linolenic acids resulted in a higher oxidizability index of free lipids. Fine flours contained less ash and significantly more damaged starch. At the same time, they were characterized by a higher content of wet gluten, water absorption, amylograph viscosity and better dough parameters. This was reflected in the bread volume, which was higher by 6.3–10.7%. The influence of the changes in composition and the content of free lipids upon the rheology of the dough after the 90 days flour storage has not been defined unambiguously and requires further research.
Influence of bioflavonoids from the radix extract of Scutellaria baicalensis on the level of serum lipids, and the development of laboratory rats fed with fresh and oxidized fats
Authors: Regulska‐Ilow Bożena , Biernat Jadwiga , Grajeta Halina , Ilow Rafał , Drzewicka Maria 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of bioflavonoids from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis on the level of lipids, via the determination of the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the plasma of laboratory rats fed high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diets, and via the calculation of their atherogenic index. We also studied the influence of bioflavonoids on their physical development by measuring the increase in their body mass and liver mass. The rats were fed a diet with a 15% content of fresh or oxidized lard or sunflower oil, along with 0.5% added cholesterol. 0.05% S. baicalensis radix extract was added to the diet of half of the rats as the source of bioflavonoids. In the group of rats fed a diet containing oxidized oil we observed a significantly lower increase in body mass (15.5 ± 7.6 g/4 weeks/rat) than that observed for the control rats (77.0 ± 15.7 g/4 weeks/rat). The addition of S. baicalensis radix extract to the diet raised the increase in body mass in the groups receiving oil as the source of fat; those receiving fresh oil had a 40% increase, and those receiving oxidized oil showed a 300% increase relative to the appropriate controls. In all the groups of rats fed a diet with bioflavonoids added, a beneficial decrease in the plasma triglyceride content was observed relative to the appropriate controls. In the plasma of rats on a diet containing the extract and fresh or oxidized oil or fresh lard, we observed a beneficial reduction in the total cholesterol level relative to the appropriate controls. The atherogenic index was higher for the group of animals fed with fresh lard than for those fed with fresh oil, and higher for those fed with oxidized oil than for those fed with oxidized lard. The addition of bioflavonoids to the diet beneficially reduced the atherogenic index value in the group fed with fresh oil, and increased its value in the group fed with oxidized lard.
Sensory and rheological properties of transgenically and chemically modified starch ingredients as evaluated in a food product model
Authors: Ahmt Tina , Wischmann Bente , Blennow Andreas , Madsen Finn , Bandsholm Ole , Thomsen Jens 
Published: April 2004

AbstractStarches derived from five genetically modified potato lines, two chemically modified potato starches and two native starches from potato and maize were subjected to physical and chemical analyses and their functionality evaluated in a milk‐based food product model. The transgenic starches were specifically modified with respect to amylopectin chain length and phosphorous content by suppression of the starch branching enzyme and overexpression of glycogen branching enzyme. Transgenic starches with long amylopectin chains and high phosphorous content had increased gelatinisation temperatures, produced gels with a higher tendency to retrograde and a low freeze/thaw stability as compared to starches with shorter amylopectin chains and lower phosphorous content. The textural properties of the food product model prepared from genetically and chemically modified starches were characterised by sensory and rheological analyses. To clearly visualise the effects of the modifications, data was evaluated by radar plots and multiple regression analysis (chemometrics). Genetically modified potato starches with longer amylopectin chains and increased phosphorous content gave a more gelled and a shorter texture as compared to starches with shorter amylopectin chains and decreased phosphorous content. Acetylated and hydroxypropylated potato starches gave sticky and stringy textures. Correlations between rheology parameters and sensory parameters were found. The sensory parameter stringy/long could be predicted from the rheological data.
A utility‐theoretic approach to the aggregation of willingness to pay measured in decomposed scenarios: development and empirical test
Authors: Hammerschmidt Thomas , Zeitler Hans‐Peter , Leidl Reiner 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor cost–benefit analysis, health technologies with multiple effects should be valued in a single scenario by a holistic willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) measure. Recent studies instead used decomposed scenarios in which respondents report their WTP for each individual effect. Evidence can be found that the sum of such decomposed WTPs overestimates the holistic WTP, i.e. the holistic WTP is sub‐additive. This sum of decomposed WTPs can lead to wrong conclusions on the efficiency of health technologies. This is also relevant in decision making about new technologies that are valued separately in different surveys. To date, no utility‐theoretical and empirically validated aggregation function for decomposed WTPs exists. Within an expected utility model, this paper identifies as a reason for sub‐additivity – beside risk aversion with respect to wealth – a negative influence of better health on the marginal utility of wealth, i.e. marginal utility of wealth is smaller in better health states. Assuming mutual utility independence of health and wealth, a theoretically founded aggregation function covering these two impacts is derived. In a contingent valuation study, 92 patients with diabetes were asked to state their WTP for reductions of the risk of several diabetic complications in decomposed as well as in holistic scenarios. The patients had preferences with a significant negative influence of health on the marginal utility of wealth. Sub‐additivity occurred and theoretically founded aggregation could considerably lower the degree of overestimation. These results suggest that the theoretically founded aggregation function might reduce problems of sub‐additivity that can be economically relevant. Further empirical testing of the approach is indicated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does more choice reduce waiting times?
Authors: Siciliani Luigi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper develops a model of the supply of elective treatments within a duopolistic market structure where patients can be referred to the hospital with the lowest waiting times. We investigate the effect of a higher degree of substitutability among the two hospitals on equilibrium supply, waiting time and the size of the waiting list. The degree of substitutability is interpreted as the degree of choice or the extent to which patients can switch from one hospital to the other.We show that the greater the degree of substitutability among hospitals, the lower is the supply and the higher the waiting time. The effect on waiting list size is ambiguous. This result holds either when the hospital is remunerated with a fixed budget or with activity‐based funding. However, the reduction in supply and the increase in waiting time generated by higher substitutability are higher when hospitals are remunerated with fixed budgets. The main implication of the model is that, under certain assumptions, policies aimed at increasing provider choice may fail to reduce waiting times. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the internal consistency of the lottery equivalents method using health outcomes
Authors: Oliver Adam 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe standard gamble has a firm basis in the theory of risk and, for this reason, is the preferred method of health state value elicitation for many researchers. However, it is widely recognised that the use of immediate death as the failure outcome in the standard gamble renders the method insufficiently sensitive for the direct valuation of minor and temporary health states. Consequently, the indirect valuation of minor and temporary health states through a process of ‘chaining’ has been recommended. Unfortunately, a number of researchers have observed internal inconsistency in the standard gamble. That is, for health states that are not thought to be subject to the above mentioned insufficient sensitivity, the values elicited from indirect chained questions quite often significantly and systematically exceed those elicited from the direct procedure. A potential explanation for this is the possible influence of loss aversion when people are asked to weigh certainty against risk. The lottery equivalents method, an alternative value elicitation instrument that also has a firm grounding in the theory of risk, modifies the standard gamble approach of certainty versus risk to one of risk versus risk. The absence of certainty offers reason to suspect that the influence of loss aversion will be diminished (or even removed), and that the lottery equivalents method will thus prove to be internally consistent. The study reported in this article tests the internal consistency of the lottery equivalents method. In a manner similar to that observed with the standard gamble, the results indicate that the internal consistency of the lottery equivalents method is also to some extent compromised. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterologous CpG island becomes extensively methylated in the genome of transgenic mice
Authors: Ioudinkova Elena , Verbovaia Lilia , Kadulin Sergey , Goldman Igor , Razin Sergey V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIt is demonstrated that a heterologous (chicken) CpG island containing five Sp1 canonical recognition sequences becomes highly methylated in the genome of transgenic mice bearing one or several copies of the transgene. Similar levels of methylation of the chicken CpG island were observed in different tissues of transgenic mice except the brain where the level of methylation of this chicken CpG‐rich fragment was significantly lower than in other tissues. Analysis of susceptibility of the “transgenic” CpG island to Hpa II and Msp I restriction nucleases revealed an unusual methylation pattern interfering with the action of both of these enzymes. A conclusion has been drawn that heterologous CpG island per se does not contain all necessary signals permitting to maintain its own non‐methylated status in the genome of transgenic animals. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and P15INK4b expression by ECRG1 through interaction with Miz‐1
Authors: Zhao Nianxi , Wang Jianbo , Cui Yongping , Guo Liping , Lu Shih‐Hsin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractECRG1 is a novel candidate of tumor suppressor gene identified from human esophagus. To study the biological role of ECRG1 gene, we performed a GAL4‐based yeast two‐hybrid screen of a human fetal liver cDNA library. Using the ECRG1 cDNA as bait, we identified two putative clones as associated proteins, Miz‐1 and FLNA (Filamin A). The interaction of ECRG1 and Miz‐1 was confirmed by glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST)‐pull‐down assays in vitro and co‐immunoprecipitation experiments in vivo. ECRG1 was co‐localized with Miz‐1 in nucleus, as shown by confocal microscopy. Transfection of ECRG1 gene into the esophageal cancer (EC) cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1 phase arrest of cell cycle. In the co‐transfection of ECRG1 and Miz‐1 assays, we found inhibition of cell proliferation and G1/S phase in EC cells, but the levels of cell proliferation inhibition and G1/S phase arrest were more strongly compared with the transfection of ECRG1 or Miz‐1 alone. In addition, the interaction of ECRG1 and Miz‐1 could induce expression of P15INK4b gene in esophageal cancer 9706 (EC9706) cells. However, the transfection of ECRG1 or Miz‐1 alone was not revealed the expressions of P15INK4b gene. When antisense ECRG1 interdicted expression of endogenous ECRG1 in Balb/c‐3T3 cells, Transfection of Miz‐1 couldn't induce P15INK4b expression. The results provide evidences that ECRG1 and Miz‐1 in EC cells may be acting as a co‐functional protein associated with regulation of cell cycle and induction of P15INK4b expression. It suggests that ECRG1 may inhibit tumor cell growth by affecting cell cycle, and that expression of P15INK4b may be likely to enhance G1 cell cycle arrest during the interaction of ECRG1 and Miz‐1. The physical interaction of ECRG1 and Miz‐1 may play an important role in carcinogenesis of EC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Citrobacter amalonaticus and Citrobacter farmeri in dissimilatory perchlorate reduction
Authors: Bardiya Nirmala , Bae JaeHo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article deals with the novel physiological function of dissimilatory perchlorate reduction by strains JB101 and JB109 isolated from a laboratory‐enriched mixed consortium originating from a sewage treatment facility. The biochemical and physiological data of the strains showed good correspondence with members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The partial 16S rDNA sequence of the strains JB101 and JB109 had similarity of 99.8% to Citrobacter amalonaticus and 98% to Citrobacter farmeri, respectively. The results inferred the possibility of Citrobacter spp. to form an important group of dissimilatory perchlorate reducers among the γ subclass of Proteobacteria, since the majority of the perchlorate reducers belong to two monophyletic groups, Dechloromonas and Dechlorosoma in β subclass. The perchlorate‐grown Citrobacter strains preferred perchlorate to nitrate as an electron acceptor unlike most of the reported dissimilatory perchlorate reducers. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)