bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calliandra honey and nutritional deficiency influence to spermatozoa motility and viability in Rattus norvegiccus
Authors: Adikara Y A R , Wurlina W , Mulyati S , Susilowati S , Restiadi T I , Mustofa I , Safitri E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nutritional deficiency or malnutrition is one of the severe health problems that causes changes in body weight, body composition, and physical function. The potential of calliandra honey to spermatozoa motility and viability, in the male white rat (Rattus norvegiccus) undergoing nutritional deficiency will be investigated in this research. 24 male white rats with body weights 250-300 grams were used and divided into four groups with each group containing six white rats. The first group was the negative control (C-) group, C+ was the group with fasting condition but without honey administration, T1 and T2 were the fasting treatment in ten days with 30% and 50% honey, respectively. The result was significance differences between C-group with C+ or T1 and T2 (p<0.05). The T1 and T2 can increase the motility and viability of spermatozoa and the difference significant with C+ (p<0.05), but it cannot restore the motility and viability of spermatozoa to normal conditions. It can be concluded that the administration of Calliandra honey in the T1 and T2 with concentrations of 30% and 50% can already improve the quality of spermatozoa which can be seen from the motility and viability of spermatozoa.
Synergistic flame retardancy and electrical conductivity in di-glycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy composites with polyaniline and aluminum Tri-hydroxide
Authors: Afzal Ayesha , Albargi Hasan B , Rashid Iqra Abdul , Tariq Asra , Khaliq Zubair , Shakir H M Fayzan , Qadir Muhammad Bilal , Sharif M Rehan , Nadeem Raveel , Jalalah Mohammed , Abdullah M M , Al-Syadi Aref M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on developing and characterizing multifunctional composites based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy matrix. The aim is to enhance fire resistance and electrical conductivity properties for applications in various fields. To achieve this, aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) was incorporated as a flame retardant (FR) agent, while polyaniline (PANI) was added to impart electrical conductivity. The composites were categorized into three groups: the first containing flame retardant (FR), the second containing PANI for conductivity, and the third containing both PANI and FR for combined effects. E 60-FP emerged as the optimal multifunctional composite, exhibiting superior mechanical properties among the tested formulations. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results provided valuable insights into the thermal stability of E 60-FP, revealing that it retained 42% of its initial mass at a temperature of 600 °C. Additionally, the composite achieved a V-0 rating in the UL 94 test, confirming its excellent fire resistance. Notably, E 60-FP displayed impressive mechanical strength, with a tensile strength of 7.2 MPa and a tensile modulus of 1117.6 MPa. Its flexural strength and modulus were measured at 31.2 MPa and 2800.2 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the composite E 60-FP exhibited remarkable electrical conductivity, measuring 6.1 × 10–6 S cm−1. These findings highlight the potential of DGEBA epoxy composites containing PANI and ATH as promising materials for applications requiring fire resistance and electrical conductivity properties.
Effect of T4 treatment on the corrosion resistance of Mg-4Al-6Er-0.3Mn alloy
Authors: Liang Liang , Ma Hongbin , Qin Qingwei , Liu Ye , Wang Jinhui , Han Li , Jin Peipeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Mg-Al alloys exhibit poor corrosion resistance when they exposed to Cl- attack. To solve this problem, Erbium (Er) and Manganese (Mn) are added to the Mg-4Al alloy and the Mg-4Al-6Er-0.3Mn is T4 treated to enhance the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Then the corrosion behaviors of the as-extruded alloy and the T4 alloy are investigated in this paper. It is found that the effective cathode Mg17Al12 is significantly reduced in the alloy due to the precipitation of Mg17Al12 being suppressed by Al2Er and the dissolution of the Mg17Al12 in the alloy. It is observed that the corrosion products transform from needle-like to tetrahedral-shaped corrosion products during the transformation process, which leads to severe pit corrosion. The results show that the T4 treatment can delay the transformation of the morphologies of the corrosion products, thereby improved the alloy corrosion resistance during the early stages of corrosion.
Flexible learning in complex worlds
Authors: Leimar Olof , Quiñones Andrés E , Bshary Redouan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cognitive flexibility can enhance the ability to adjust to changing environments. Here, we use learning simulations to investigate the possible advantages of flexible learning in volatile (changing) environments. We compare two established learning mechanisms, one with constant learning rates and one with rates that adjust to volatility. We study an ecologically relevant case of volatility, based on observations of developing cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus that experience a transition from a simpler to a more complex foraging environment. There are other similar transitions in nature, such as migrating to a new and different habitat. We also examine two traditional approaches to volatile environments in experimental psychology and behavioral ecology: reversal learning, and learning set formation (consisting of a sequence of different discrimination tasks). These provide experimental measures of cognitive flexibility. Concerning transitions to a complex world, we show that both constant and flexible learning rates perform well, losing only a small proportion of available rewards in the period after a transition, but flexible rates perform better than constant rates. For reversal learning, flexible rates improve the performance with each successive reversal because of increasing learning rates, but this does not happen for constant rates. For learning set formation, we find no improvement in performance with successive shifts to new stimuli to discriminate for either flexible or constant learning rates. Flexible learning rates might thus explain increasing performance in reversal learning but not in learning set formation, and this can shed light on the nature of cognitive flexibility in a given system.
Enhanced efficacy of the novel recombinant clone VasSF in a mouse model of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Koura Minako , Kameoka Yosuke , Kishi Fukuko , Yamakawa Yoshio , Ito Fuyu , Sugamata Ryuichi , Doi Yuko , Uno Kazuko , Nakayama Toshinori , Miki Takashi , Nakajima Hiroshi , Suzuki Kazuo , Suzuki Osamu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Based on the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), we developed a recombinant single-chain-fragment variable clone, VasSF, therapeutic against AAV in a mouse model (SCG/Kj mice). VasSF is thought to bind to vasculitis-associated apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) as a target molecule. VasSF is a promising new drug against AAV, but difficulties in the yield and purification of VasSF remain unresolved. We produced monomers of new VasSF molecules by modifying the plasmid structure for VasSF expression and simplifying the purification method using high-performance liquid chromatography. We compared the therapeutic effects between 5-day continuous administration of the monomers, as in IVIg treatment, and single shots of 5-day-equivalent doses. We also evaluated the life-prolonging effect of the single-shot treatment. Two-dimensional western blots were used to examine the binding of VasSF to APOA2. Our improved manufacturing method resulted in a 100-fold higher yield of VasSF than in our previous study. Monomerization of VasSF stabilized its efficacy. Single shots of a small amount (1/80 000 of IVIg) produced sufficient therapeutic effects, including decreased glomerular crescent formation, a decreasing trend of serum ANCA against myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA), decreases in multiple proinflammatory cytokines, and a trend toward prolonged survival. Two-dimensional western blots confirmed the binding of VasSF to APOA2. The newly produced pure VasSF monomers are stable and therapeutic for AAV with a single low-dose injection, possibly by removing vasculitis-associated APOA2. Thus, the new VasSF described herein is a promising drug against AAV.
The Utility of Risk Factors to Define Complicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in a Setting With Low Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Prevalence
Authors: van der Vaart Thomas W , Prins Jan M , Goorhuis Abraham , Lemkes Bregtje A , Sigaloff Kim C E , Spoorenberg Veroniek , Stijnis Cornelis , Bonten Marc J M , van der Meer Jan T M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Recommended duration of antibiotic treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is frequently based on distinguishing uncomplicated and complicated SAB, and several risk factors at the onset of infection have been proposed to define complicated SAB. Predictive values of risk factors for complicated SAB have not been validated, and consequences of their use on antibiotic prescriptions are unknown.

Methods
In a prospective cohort, patients with SAB were categorized as complicated or uncomplicated through adjudication (reference definition). Associations and predictive values of 9 risk factors were determined, compared with the reference definition, as was accuracy of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) criteria that include 4 risk factors, and the projected consequences of applying IDSA criteria on antibiotic use.

Results
Among 490 patients, 296 (60%) had complicated SAB. In multivariable analysis, persistent bacteremia (odds ratio [OR], 6.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–12.0), community acquisition of SAB (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9–4.7) and presence of prosthetic material (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5–3.6) were associated with complicated SAB. Presence of any of the 4 risk factors in the IDSA definition of complicated SAB had a positive predictive value of 70.9% (95% CI, 65.5–75.9) and a negative predictive value of 57.5% (95% CI, 49.1–64.8). Compared with the reference, IDSA criteria yielded 24 (5%) false-negative and 90 (18%) false-positive classifications of complicated SAB. Median duration of antibiotic treatment of these 90 patients was 16 days (interquartile range, 14–19), all with favorable clinical outcome.

Conclusions
Risk factors have low to moderate predictive value to identify complicated SAB and their use may lead to unnecessary prolonged antibiotic use.
Redo procedures after sinus node sparing hybrid ablation for inappropriate sinus tachycardia/postural orthostatic sinus tachycardia
Authors: de Asmundis Carlo , Marcon Lorenzo , Pannone Luigi , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Beaver Thomas M , Brodt Chad R , Monaco Cinzia , Sorgente Antonio , Audiat Charles , Vetta Giampaolo , Ramak Robbert , Overeinder Ingrid , Kronenberger Rani , Bala Gezim , Almorad Alexandre , Ströker Erwin , Sieira Juan , Sarkozy Andrea , Brugada Pedro , Chierchia Gian Battista , La Meir Mark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
A novel sinus node (SN) sparing hybrid ablation for inappropriate sinus node tachycardia (IST)/postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) has been demonstrated to be an effective and safe therapeutic option in patients with symptomatic drug-resistant IST/POTS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term rate of redo procedures after hybrid IST ablation and procedural strategy, outcomes and safety of redo procedures.

Methods and results
All consecutive patients from 2015 to 2023 were prospectively enrolled in the UZ Brussel monocentric IST/POTS registry. They were analysed if the following inclusion criteria were fulfilled: 1) diagnosis of IST or POTS, 2) symptomatic IST/POTS refractory or intolerant to drugs, and 3) hybrid SN sparing ablation performed. The primary endpoint was redo procedure. The primary safety endpoint was pacemaker (PM) implantation. A total of 220 patients undergone to hybrid IST ablation were included, 185 patients (84.1%) were treated for IST and 61 patients (27.7%) for POTS.
After a follow-up of 73.3 ± 16.2 months, 34 patients (15.4%) underwent a redo. A total of 23 patients (67.6%) had a redo for IST recurrence and 11 patients (32.4%) for other arrhythmias. Pacemaker implantation was performed in 21 patients (9.5%). Nine patients (4.1%) had no redo procedure and experienced sick sinus syndrome requiring a PM. Twelve patients (5.4%) received a PM as a shared therapeutic choice combined with SN ablation procedure.

Conclusion
In a large cohort of patients the long-term free survival from redo procedure after hybrid IST ablation was 84.6% with a low PM implantation rate.
Novel Plastid Genome Characteristics in Fugacium kawagutii and the Trend of Accelerated Evolution of Plastid Proteins in Dinoflagellates
Authors: He Jiamin , Huang Yulin , Li Ling , Lin Sitong , Ma Minglei , Wang Yujie , Lin Senjie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Typical (peridinin-containing) dinoflagellates possess plastid genomes composed of small plasmids named “minicircles”. Despite the ecological importance of dinoflagellate photosynthesis in corals and marine ecosystems, the structural characteristics, replication dynamics, and evolutionary forcing of dinoflagellate plastid genomes remain poorly understood. Here, we sequenced the plastid genome of the symbiodiniacean species Fugacium kawagutii and conducted comparative analyses. We identified psbT-coding minicircles, features previously not found in Symbiodiniaceae. The copy number of F. kawagutii minicircles showed a strong diel dynamics, changing between 3.89 and 34.3 copies/cell and peaking in mid-light period. We found that F. kawagutii minicircles are the shortest among all dinoflagellates examined to date. Besides, the core regions of the minicircles are highly conserved within genus in Symbiodiniaceae. Furthermore, the codon usage bias of the plastid genomes in Heterocapsaceae, Amphidiniaceae, and Prorocentraceae species are greatly influenced by selection pressure, and in Pyrocystaceae, Symbiodiniaceae, Peridiniaceae, and Ceratiaceae species are influenced by both natural selection pressure and mutation pressure, indicating a family-level distinction in codon usage evolution in dinoflagellates. Phylogenetic analysis using 12 plastid-encoded proteins and five nucleus-encoded plastid proteins revealed accelerated evolution trend of both plastid- and nucleus-encoded plastid proteins in peridinin- and fucoxanthin-dinoflagellate plastids compared to plastid proteins of nondinoflagellate algae. These findings shed new light on the structure and evolution of plastid genomes in dinoflagellates, which will facilitate further studies on the evolutionary forcing and function of the diverse dinoflagellate plastids. The accelerated evolution documented here suggests plastid-encoded sequences are potentially useful for resolving closely related dinoflagellates.
mRNA-miRNA analyses reveal the involvement of CsbHLH1 and miR1446a in the regulation of caffeine biosynthesis in Camellia sinensis
Authors: Jin Qifang , Wang Zhong , Sandhu Devinder , Chen Lan , Shao Chenyu , Shang Fanghuizi , Xie Siyi , Huang Feiyi , Chen Zhenyan , Zhang Xiangqin , Hu Jinyu , Liu Guizhi , Su Qin , Huang Mengdi , Liu Zhonghua , Huang Jianan , Tian Na , Liu Shuoqian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Caffeine, a primary flavor component in tea, has been the subject of intense research. With the goal of shedding light on the complex regulatory processes governing caffeine biosynthesis in tea plants, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS), transcriptomics, and small RNA analyses were employed on diverse tea cultivars such as ‘Jianghua Kucha’ [including ‘Xianghong 3’ (XH3H) and ‘Kucha 3’ (KC3H)], ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ (FDDB), ‘Yaoshan Xiulv’ (YSXL), and ‘Bixiangzao’ (BXZ). The results showed that the caffeine level in ‘Jianghua Kucha’ was significantly higher than that in other tea plant cultivars. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that that the CsbHLH1 gene might play a pivotal role as a potential hub gene related to the regulation of caffeine biosynthesis. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the CsbHLH1 protein was localized in the nucleus of the cells. Moreover, CsbHLH1 suppresses the transcription of TCS1 by binding to the TCS1 promoter, as evidenced by a yeast one-hybrid assay, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dual luciferase analysis. In addition, a microRNA, miR1446a, was identified that directly cleaves CsbHLH1, leading to an increase in caffeine levels. Therefore, our findings imply that CsbHLH1 binds to the TCS1 promoter (−971 to −1019 bp) to reduce its expression, thereby negatively regulating caffeine biosynthesis. On the other hand, miR1446a enhances the biosynthesis of caffeine by suppressing the expression of CsbHLH1. This work enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of caffeine biosynthesis in tea plants and offers potential directions for manipulating caffeine levels in future tea cultivation.
MdSnRK1.1 interacts with MdGLK1 to regulate abscisic acid-mediated chlorophyll accumulation in apple
Authors: Yang Yu-Ying , An Xiu-Hong , Rui Lin , Liu Guo-Dong , Tian Yi , You Chun-Xiang , Wang Xiao-Fei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), as a plant hormone, plays a positive role in leaf chlorosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is less known. Our findings provide ABA treatment reduced the chlorophyll accumulation in apple, and Malus × domestica Sucrose Non-fermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase 1.1 (MdSnRK1.1) participates in the process. MdSnRK1.1 interacts with MdGLK1, a GOLDEN2-like transcription factor that orchestrates development of the chloroplast. Furthermore, MdSnRK1.1 affects MdGLK1 protein stability through phosphorylation. We found that Ser468 of MdGLK1 is target site of MdSnRK1.1 phosphorylation. MdSnRK1.1-mediated phosphorylation was critical for MdGLK1 binding to the target gene MdHEMA1 promoters. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ABA activates MdSnRK1.1 to degrade MdGLK1 and inhibit the accumulation of chlorophyll. These findings extend our understanding on how MdSnRK1.1 balances normal growth and hormone response.
CsMLO8/11 are required for full susceptibility of cucumber stem to powdery mildew and interact with CsCRK2 and CsRbohD
Authors: Dong Shaoyun , Liu Xin , Han Jianan , Miao Han , Beckles Diane M , Bai Yuling , Liu Xiaoping , Guan Jiantao , Yang Ruizhen , Gu Xingfang , Sun Jiaqiang , Yang Xueyong , Zhang Shengping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most destructive diseases that threaten cucumber production globally. Efficient breeding of novel PM-resistant cultivars will require a robust understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cucumber resistance against PM. Using a genome-wide association study, we detected a locus significantly correlated with PM resistance in cucumber stem, pm-s5.1. A 1449-bp insertion in the CsMLO8 coding region at the pm-s5.1 locus resulted in enhanced stem PM resistance. Knockout mutants of CsMLO8 and CsMLO11 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 both showed improved PM resistance in the stem, hypocotyl, and leaves, and the double mutant mlo8mlo11 displayed even stronger resistance. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was higher in the stem of these mutants. Protein interaction assays suggested that CsMLO8 and CsMLO11 could physically interact with CsRbohD and CsCRK2, respectively. Further, we showed that CsMLO8 and CsCRK2 competitively interact with the C-terminus of CsRbohD to affect CsCRK2-CsRbohD module-mediated ROS production during PM defense. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of CsMLO proteins during PM defense responses.
Frobenius on the Cohomology of Thickenings
Authors: Bhatt Bhargav , Blickle Manuel , Lyubeznik Gennady , Singh Anurag K , Zhang Wenliang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We investigate the injectivity of the Frobenius map on thickenings of smooth varieties in projective space over a field of positive characteristic. We obtain uniform bounds—that is, independent of the characteristic—on the thickening that ensures an injective Frobenius map when the projective variety is a smooth complete intersection or an arbitrary projective embedding of an elliptic curve. Our bounds are sharp in the case of hypersurfaces, and in the case of elliptic curves.
A commentary on ‘Patient-derived gene and protein expression signatures of NGLY1 deficiency’
Authors: Suzuki Tadashi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The cytosolic peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase; NGLY1 in human and PNG1 in budding yeast) is a deglycosylating enzyme widely conserved in eukaryotes. Initially, functional importance of this enzyme remained unknown as the png1Δ mutant in yeast did not exhibit any significant phenotypes. However, the discovery of NGLY1 deficiency, a rare genetic disorder with biallelic mutations in NGLY1 gene, prompted an intensification of research that has resulted in uncovering the significance of NGLY1 as well as the proteins under its influence that are involved in numerous cellular processes. A recent report by Rauscher et al. (Patient-derived gene and protein expression signatures of NGLY1 deficiency. J. Biochem. 2022; 171: 187–199) presented a comprehensive summary of transcriptome/proteome analyses of various cell types derived from NGLY1-deficient patients. The authors also provide a web application called ‘NGLY1 browser’, which will allow researchers to have access to a wealth of information on gene and protein expression signature for patients with NGLY1 deficiency.
Preventing and Managing Operating Room Fires in Plastic Surgery: A Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Recommendations With Case Experiences
Authors: Mortada Hatan , Abu alqam Rakan , AlNojaidi Taif Fawaz , Alshammari Abdulmohsen Jameel , Khider Maya , Albarrak Maha , Alrobaiea Saad , Alalola Rayan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fires in operating rooms are rare yet devastating incidents. There are guidelines for the prevention and management of surgical fires; however, these recommendations are based on expert opinion and case reports. Almost all surgical procedures have an oxidizer (oxygen, nitrous oxide), an ignition source (such as a laser or “Bovie”), and a fuel, which together make up the 3 elements of an operating room fire. Our review analyzes each fire component to decide on the most effective clinical approach for reducing the risk of fire. We investigate the incidence, risk factors, legal repercussions, preventive strategies, and the precise management of fires in the operating room, with a particular focus on plastic surgery procedures. In addition, we share insights from our own experiences and propose guidelines based on our findings to enhance safety and response measures in surgical settings. Fires most commonly occur around the head, neck, and upper chest. High-risk procedures include tonsillectomies, tracheostomies, laryngoscopies, and facial/neck surgeries. Checklists help ensure proper precautions are taken, such as using moist towels and lowering oxygen concentration. If a fire erupts, prompt removal of the oxygen source and irrigation is critical. From our experience, fires spread rapidly and can cause severe burns and inhalation injuries. We share an illustrative case of a surgical fire at our institution. Our review underscores the importance of fire prevention and preparedness through safety protocols, equipment maintenance, staff training, and maintaining situational awareness. More research is needed to quantify risk factors and determine optimal management strategies when fires do occur.