bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit and explicit COVID‐19‐vaccine harmfulness/helpfulness associations predict vaccine beliefs, intentions, and behaviors
Authors: Hinojosa Bianca M. , Meese William B. , Howell Jennifer L. , Lindgren Kristen P. , O’Shea Brian , Teachman Bethany A. , Werntz Alexandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigated the role of implicit and explicit associations between harm and COVID‐19 vaccines using a large sample (N = 4668) of online volunteers. The participants completed a brief implicit association test and explicit measures to evaluate the extent to which they associated COVID‐19 vaccines with concepts of harmfulness or helpfulness. We examined the relationship between these harmfulness/helpfulness COVID‐19 vaccine associations and vaccination status, intentions, beliefs, and behavior. We found that stronger implicit and explicit associations that COVID‐19 vaccines are helpful relate to vaccination status and beliefs about the COVID‐19 vaccine. That is, stronger pro‐helpful COVID‐19 vaccine associations, both implicitly and explicitly, related to greater intentions to be vaccinated, more positive beliefs about the vaccine, and greater vaccine uptake.
Objective conditions, political knowledge, and perceptions of electoral competition in U.S. mayoral elections
Authors: Holbrook Thomas M. , Heideman Amanda , Weinschenk Aaron 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article investigates the extent to which perceptions of the competitive context of mayoral elections reflect actual levels of competition and how that relationship is shaped by political expertise.MethodsWe use a unique survey data set of more than 6000 respondents interviewed in 40 separate mayoral elections.ResultsIn broad strokes, people living in competitive cities are more likely than others to predict competitive outcomes. However, in keeping with the knowledge gap hypothesis, the relationship between objective levels of competition and perceived levels of competition is much stronger among those with relatively high levels of political knowledge than those with low levels of political knowledge.ConclusionsThe connection between actual and perceived conditions does not hold evenly for all segments of society—the information‐rich respond to their political environment, while the information‐poor are relatively unmoved by that environment. This pattern of asymmetric information acquisition is a familiar one in American politics and provides further evidence of an important source of political inequality.
Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana, Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter haemolyticus in Pediculus humanus lice in Nigeria, West Africa
Authors: Kamani Joshua , Nachum‐Biala Yaarit , Bukar Laminu , Shand Mike , Harrus Shimon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe human lice Pediculus humanus is distributed worldwide but, it thrives and flourishes under conflict situations where people are forced to live in crowded unhygienic conditions. Molecular methods were used to identify and screen human lice for the DNA of pathogens of public health importance in an area that has been under insurgency related to religious and political conflicts with tens of thousands of internally displaced people (IDP). DNA of Bartonella quintana, Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter haemolyticus was detected in 18.3%, 40.0% and 1.7%, respectively, of human lice collected from children in Maiduguri, Nigeria. More body lice than head lice were positive for pathogen's DNA (64.3% vs. 44.4%; χ2 = 1.3, p = 0.33), but the difference was not significant. Two lice samples were found to harbour mixed DNA of B. quintana and A. baumannii. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene sequences of the positive lice specimens placed them into clades A and E. This is the first report on the molecular identification of human lice and the detection of the DNA of pathogens of public health importance in lice in Nigeria, West Africa. The findings of this study will assist policy makers and medical practitioners in formulating a holistic healthcare delivery to IDPs.
Finiteness theorems on elliptical billiards and a variant of the dynamical Mordell–Lang conjecture
Authors: Corvaja Pietro , Zannier Umberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe offer some theorems, mainly finiteness results, for certain patterns in elliptical billiards, related to periodic trajectories; these seem to be the first finiteness results in this context. For instance, if two players hit a ball at a given position and with directions forming a fixed angle in , there are only finitely many directions for both trajectories being periodic. Another instance is the finiteness of the billiard shots which send a given ball into another one so that this falls eventually in a hole. These results (which are shown not to hold for general billiards) have their origin in ‘relative’ cases of the Manin–Mumford conjecture and constitute instances of how arithmetical content may affect chaotic behaviour (in billiards). We shall also interpret the statements through a variant of the dynamical Mordell–Lang conjecture. In turn, this variant embraces cases, which, somewhat surprisingly, sometimes can be treated (only) by completely different methods compared to the former ones; here we shall offer an explicit example related to diophantine equations in algebraic tori.
Medicine communication between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and health professionals: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Speare Tobias , Rissel Chris , Hughes Jaquelyne , Ryder Courtney , Bower Madeleine , Stothers Kylie , Mackean Tamara 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
This scoping review will describe strategies to support communication between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and health professionals about medicines.

Introduction:
Poor communication is a well-established risk factor contributing to adverse medicine events. Communication challenges are exacerbated for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples due to their poorer health status, greater use of medicines, a first language that may not be English, cultural bias and systemic racism in health services, and lower health literacy resulting from ongoing colonization. A scoping review will assist in summarizing strategies to support the communication process.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies describing strategies related to medicine communication between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and health professionals.

Methods:
The proposed review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The review will include all published and unpublished literature in English since 2000, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods study designs, systematic reviews, text and opinion pieces, and gray literature. Databases to be searched will include CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Informit, Indigenous HealthInfoNet, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar. Two researchers will screen titles and abstracts independently and assess the full text of selected citations against inclusion criteria. Extracted data will be presented in narrative format accompanied by tables that reflect the objective of the review.
A Deep Anomaly Detection With Same Probability Distribution and Its Application in Rolling Bearing
Authors: Yuxiang Kang , Guo Chen , Wenping Pan , Hao Wang , Xunkai Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An innovative deep-learning-based model, namely, deep anomaly detection with the same probability distribution (DADSPD) is proposed to improve the accuracy of anomaly detection (AD) of rolling bearings driven only by normal data. First, the main framework of feature extraction based on a residual network was established, and a three-layer encoder structure was used to extract multidimensional features. Second, a new loss function based on the same probability distribution is designed, and the function of its probability distribution is to complete the training of the model by calculating the similarity between the outputs. Subsequently, the vibration data were preprocessed using wavelet and envelope analysis, and the processed data are converted into two-dimensional image signals and used as the input of the DADSPD. Finally, the model is verified on three sets of run-to-failure experimental datasets of rolling bearing. The results demonstrate that the proposed DADSPD model reaches more than 99%, which indicates that the DADSPD model has a high fault early warning and AD capability.
Chatter Avoidance by Spindle Speed and Orientation Planning in Five-Axis Ball-End Milling of Thin-Walled Blades
Authors: Karimi Behnam , Altintas Yusuf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Selecting suitable cutting conditions is crucial in maintaining chatter stability and achieving acceptable surface quality. However, the selection of a constant set of cutting parameters is not feasible due to the time-varying dynamics of highly flexible thin-walled blades. This paper presents an optimal selection of tool orientation and spindle speed along the tool path as the metal is removed during the ball-end milling of blades. The effects of tool orientation and speed on the mechanics and dynamics of the ball-end milling process are formulated. Test case simulations are used to demonstrate the impact of tool orientation and speed on chatter stability and forced vibrations. The proposed algorithm identifies the optimal spindle speed and tool orientation by continuously updating the workpiece dynamics as a function of time and tool position to achieve improved stability and surface quality. Stability simulations are conducted to assess the optimization approach's performance, and the results are compared with experiments by machining a series of thin-walled twisted fan blades.
Morality- and Norm-Based Subgroups of Disability-Sport Athletes Differ on Their Anticipated Guilt and Intentions Toward Doping
Authors: Harris Tyler S. , Smith Alan L. , Boardley Ian 
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine whether subgroups of disability-sport athletes exist on morality- and norm-based doping cognitions and whether these groups differ in anticipated guilt or doping intentions. A survey was completed by 186 athletes (Mage = 37.5 years, 78.0% male, 45.1% wheelchair basketball) assessing norms, doping moral disengagement, anticipated guilt, and intentions to dope. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct subgroups of athletes, including one potentially high-risk subgroup characterized by relatively high scores on doping moral disengagement, subjective norms, and descriptive norms. One-way analysis of variance revealed significantly lower anticipated guilt in two athlete subgroups characterized by relatively higher doping moral disengagement than the other two subgroups. Moreover, the potentially high-risk group had a greater proportion of athletes showing some presence of intention to dope. This study suggests there is a small subgroup of disability-sport athletes at elevated risk of doping who might benefit from targeted antidoping interventions.
Synechococcus elongatus
Argonaute reduces natural transformation efficiency and provides immunity against exogenous plasmids
Authors: Taton Arnaud , Gilderman Tami S. , Ernst Dustin C. , Omaga Carla A. , Cohen Lucas A. , Rey-Bedon Camilo , Golden James W. , Golden Susan S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The cyanobacterium
Synechococcus elongatus
PCC 7942 produces an active prokaryotic Argonaute nuclease, SeAgo, whose function is unknown. Here, we show that SeAgo reduces natural transformation and prevents the maintenance of RSF1010 replicons in
S. elongatus
. In addition, a Cas4-like nuclease and two other proteins, UvrD and RecJ
cy
(cyanobacterial lineage), were found to reduce the transfer or maintenance of RSF1010 replicons. Like other prokaryotic Argonautes, our results indicate that SeAgo provides defense against invading DNA. An
S. elongatus ago
deletion strain shares the same morphology, growth rate, and circadian gene expression as the wild type, has higher transformation efficiency, and enables the use of RSF1010-based plasmids for genetic engineering.

IMPORTANCE

S. elongatus
is an important cyanobacterial model organism for the study of its prokaryotic circadian clock, photosynthesis, and other biological processes. It is also widely used for genetic engineering to produce renewable biochemicals. Our findings reveal an SeAgo-based defense mechanism in
S. elongatus
against the horizontal transfer of genetic material. We demonstrate that deletion of the
ago
gene facilitates genetic studies and genetic engineering of
S. elongatus
.
The heterogenous and diverse population of prophages in
Mycobacterium
genomes
Authors: Abad Lawrence , Gauthier Christian H. , Florian Isabella , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Hatfull Graham F. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacterial genomes commonly carry one or more integrated prophages, although prophage prevalence varies greatly in different bacterial genera and species. We have used the recently developed DEPhT software to discover prophages present in sequenced
Mycobacterium
genomes. Prophages are unevenly distributed among mycobacteria;
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains are devoid of intact prophages, whereas 75% of
Mycobacterium abscessus-chelonae
strains carry at least one prophage, and some have up to nine. Newly discovered prophage sequences are generally distinct from those of lytic phages isolated using
Mycobacterium smegmatis
as a host, although assembly of over 3,800 phage and prophage genomes into clusters based on shared sequence similarity yields seven clusters containing both phage and prophage genomes.
M. abscessus
prophages use a usually large repertoire of
attB
sites for prophage integration, and new integration-proficient vectors demonstrate the functionality of integration systems identified
in silico
and provide tools useful for advancing
M. abscessus
genetics. Genomic analysis reveals additional accessory and likely mobile parts of
Mycobacterium
genomes including defective prophages, prophage-like regions, and satellite elements proposed to be candidate phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs).
M. abscessus
prophages and PICIs are unusual in that they often encode phage-encoded ESX-secreted toxin (PEST) systems that are located adjacent to the phage integration functions and are lysogenically expressed and likely provide a fitness advantage to their host.

IMPORTANCE

Mycobacterium
species include several human pathogens and mycobacteriophages show potential for therapeutic use to control
Mycobacterium
infections. However, phage infection profiles vary greatly among
Mycobacterium abscessus
clinical isolates and phage therapies must be personalized for individual patients.
Mycobacterium
phage susceptibility is likely determined primarily by accessory parts of bacterial genomes, and we have identified the prophage and phage-related genomic regions across sequenced
Mycobacterium
strains. The prophages are numerous and diverse, especially in
M. abscessus
genomes, and provide a potentially rich reservoir of new viruses that can be propagated lytically and used to expand the repertoire of therapeutically useful phages.
Efficacy of ceftaroline and rifampin, alone or combined, in a rat model of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
osteomyelitis without implant
Authors: Albac S. , Anzala N. , Bonnot D. , Mirfendereski H. , Chavanet P. , Croisier D. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The
in vivo
efficacy of ceftaroline and rifampin alone or in combination was investigated in an experimental rat model of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
(MRSE) osteomyelitis. After a 3-day treatment, the mean tibial bacterial load was significantly reduced in animals receiving rifampin alone or combined with ceftaroline (1.89 and 1.68 log
10
CFU/g, respectively,
P
< 0.0001), whereas ceftaroline alone did not show any significant reduction at this early stage. After a 7-day treatment, the mean tibial bacterial load was reduced for ceftaroline alone compared to control animals (3.6 log
10
CFU/g versus 4.4 log
10
CFU/g, respectively,
P
< 0.05) and reached the limit of detection in almost all animals receiving rifampin alone or combined with ceftaroline (
P
< 0.0001). Finally, after a 14-day treatment the efficacy of ceftaroline alone was enhanced (
P
< 0.0001), and no MRSE was recovered from the tibias of animals receiving rifampin alone or combined with ceftaroline. No emergence of rifampin resistance was observed, regardless of the treatment group (monotherapy or combined therapy) or the timepoint of interest. Ceftaroline administered with rifampin could represent a valuable therapeutic option in the management of MRSE osteomyelitis.

IMPORTANCE

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus epidermidis
(MRSE) contributes to a high percentage of orthopedic infections, and their treatment represents a huge challenge. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ceftaroline alone or combined with rifampin in a rat MRSE osteomyelitis model and the bone penetration of ceftaroline. A ceftaroline monotherapy showed a significant bacterial reduction in infected bones after a 7-day period of treatment. The combination ceftaroline plus rifampin leveraged rifampin’s bactericidal activity, shortening the duration of positive culture in infected animals. These results suggest that ceftaroline and rifampin combination therapy could represent a valuable therapeutic option for human MRSE osteomyelitis and deserves further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
Rapid and sensitive on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from environmental surfaces using portable laboratory devices
Authors: Kitamura Kouichi , Ueno Minami Kikuchi , Yoshida Hiromu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Monitoring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on inanimate surfaces plays a crucial role in environmental surveillance, enabling the indirect detection of infected individuals and facilitating rapid infection control responses. However, developing a practical on-site, end-to-end method for detection remains a challenge. In this study, we established protocols for on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on surfaces using two portable laboratory devices: The PicoGene PCR1100 and Bento Lab. Test particles comprised of inactivated viral particles containing partial sequences of SARS-CoV-2, type 1 poliovirus, coxsackie virus A16, and norovirus genogroups I and II were applied to reference materials as simulated contaminants. The direct detection method with the PicoGene PCR1100 achieved a recovery efficiency of 35.1% for the dried reference material. Furthermore, the Bento Lab, equipped with a microcentrifuge for on-site RNA purification, successfully detected a low concentration of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 reference standard. The recovery efficiency of the on-site RNA purification method on plastic, stainless steel, glass, and polyvinyl chloride surfaces ranged from 15.5% to 21.2%. Through the combination of these portable devices, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected within 1 h of swab sampling. This study contributes to the on-site risk assessment of infectious diseases by enabling the rapid detection of viral genomes.

IMPORTANCE
This study presents the development of a highly sensitive on-site method for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on various surfaces, including doorknobs and tables. Identifying SARS-CoV-2 RNA on these surfaces can be crucial in guiding decision-making for implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as zoning strategies, improving ventilation, maintaining physical distancing, and promoting increased hand hygiene practices. Moreover, the on-site detection system can facilitate the swift initiation of mitigation responses in non-laboratory settings, including long-term care facilities and schools. The protocols established in this study offer a comprehensive approach for achieving both sensitivity and rapidity in on-site SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Furthermore, since the RT-qPCR assay serves as the gold standard for detecting viral RNAs, the developed protocol holds potential for application to other viruses, including enteroviruses and noroviruses.
Common scab disease: structural basis of elicitor recognition in pathogenic
Streptomyces
species
Authors: Kerff Frédéric , Jourdan Samuel , Francis Isolde M. , Deflandre Benoit , Ribeiro Monteiro Silvia , Stulanovic Nudzejma , Loria Rosemary , Rigali Sébastien 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

In
Streptomyces scabiei
, the main causative agent of common scab disease of root and tuber crops, the interaction between the substrate-binding protein (SBP) CebE (CebE
scab
) and cellotriose released by the plant host (
K

D

in the nanomolar range) is the first event for the onset of its pathogenic lifestyle. Here, we report the structure of CebE
scab
in complex with cellotriose at a resolution of 1.55 Å, adopting a general fold of the B subcluster of SBPs. The interaction between CebE
scab
and cellotriose involves multiple direct or water-mediated hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, with the glucose monomer at the non-reducing end occupying the most conserved part of the substrate-binding cleft. As main interactions between the two domains of CebE involve cellotriose itself, the closed conformational state of CebE is performed via an induced-fit ligand binding mechanism where cellotriose binding triggers the domain movement. Analysis of regulon predictions revealed that the signaling pathway from CebE-mediated cellotriose transport to the transcriptional activation of thaxtomin phytotoxin biosynthesis is conserved in
Streptomyces
spp. causing common scab, except for
Streptomyces ipomoeae,
which specifically colonizes sweet potatoes and responds to other and yet unknown virulence elicitors. Interestingly, strains belonging to the pathogenic species
turgidiscabies
and
caniscabiei
have a cellotriose-binding protein orthologous to the CebE protein of the saprophytic species
Streptomyces reticuli
with lower affinity for its substrate (
K

D

in the micromolar range), suggesting higher cellotriose concentrations for perception of their host. Our work also provides the structural basis for the uptake of cellobiose and cellotriose by non-pathogenic cellulose-decomposing
Streptomyces
species.

IMPORTANCE

Common scab is a disease caused by a few
Streptomyces
species that affects important root and tuber crops including potato, beet, radish, and parsnip, resulting in major economic losses worldwide. In this work, we unveiled the molecular basis of host recognition by these pathogens by solving the structure of the sugar-binding protein CebE of
Streptomyces scabiei
in complex with cellotriose, the main elicitor of the pathogenic lifestyle of these bacteria. We further revealed that the signaling pathway from CebE-mediated transport of cellotriose is conserved in all pathogenic species except
Streptomyces ipomoeae,
which causes soft rot disease in sweet potatoes. Our work also provides the structural basis of the uptake of cellobiose and cellotriose in saprophytic
Streptomyces
species, the first step activating the expression of the enzymatic system degrading the most abundant polysaccharide on earth, cellulose.