bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust regret optimal control
Authors: Liu Jietian , Seiler Peter 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis paper presents a synthesis method for robust, regret optimal control. The plant is modeled in discrete‐time by an uncertain linear time‐invariant (LTI) system. An optimal non‐causal controller is constructed using the nominal plant model and given full knowledge of the disturbance. Robust regret is defined relative to the performance of this optimal non‐causal control. It is shown that a controller achieves robust regret if and only if it satisfies a robust performance condition. DK‐iteration can be used to synthesize a controller that satisfies this condition and hence achieve a given level of robust regret. The approach is demonstrated two examples: (i) a single‐input, single‐output (SISO) classical design, and (ii) an active suspension for a quarter car model. The SISO example is simple but is intended to provide insight about the robust regret control design. The quarter car example compares the robust regret controllers against regret controllers designed without plant uncertainty.
The Effect of N‐Defect and Axial Halogen Atom on Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of FeN4 Single‐Atom Catalysts: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Yin Chen‐Shuang , Leng Yan , Yang Xikun , Min Chun‐Gang , Ren Ai‐Min , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSingle atom catalysts had been widely used in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the relationship between local coordination environment and catalytic activity were unclear. In this work, the effect of N‐defect and axial halogen atoms on electrocatalytic OER/ORR activity of FeN4 catalysts were investigated by density functional theory calculations (DFT). When the overpotential was the only criterion, FeN3Br was the optimal candidates for OER, followed by FeN3F, FeN4I, FeN4Cl and FeN4Br; FeN4I, FeN4Br and FeN4Cl were also the promising candidates for ORR. FeN4I, FeN4Br and FeN4Cl may be excellent ORR catalysts in an acidic media because of the low overpotential and reaction barrier of kinetics rate limiting step. In summary, N‐defect and axial halogen atoms can effectively balance kinetics, thermodynamics and catalytic activity.
Single‐Atom Co─O4 Sites Embedded in a Defective‐Rich Porous Carbon Layer for Efficient H2O2 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Tao Zheng , Xu Mingyang , Kan Lun , Guo Chuanpan , Liu Jiameng , He Linghao , Du Miao , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the two‐electron electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) is an essential alteration in the current anthraquinone‐based method. Herein, a single‐atom Co─O4 electrocatalyst is embedded in a defective and porous graphene‐like carbon layer (Co─O4@PC). The Co─O4@PC electrocatalyst shows promising potential in H2O2 electrosynthesis via 2e− ORR, providing a high H2O2 selectivity of 98.8% at 0.6 V and a low onset potential of 0.73 V for generating H2O2. In situ surface‐sensitive attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectra and density functional theory calculations reveal that the electronic and geometric modification of Co─O4 induced by defective carbon sites result in decreased d‐band center of Co atoms, providing the optimum adsorption energies of OOH* intermediate. The H‐cell and flow cell assembled using Co─O4@PC as the cathode present long‐term stability and high efficiency for H2O2 production. Particularly, a high H2O2 production rate of 0.25 mol g−1cat h−1 at 0.6 V can be obtained by the flow cell. The in situ‐generated H2O2 can promote the degradation of rhodamine B and sterilize Staphylococcus aureus via the Fenton process. This work can pave the way for the efficient production of H2O2 by using Co─O4 single atom electrocatalyst and unveil the electrocatalytic mechanism.
Enhancing Sustainable Energy Conversion Efficiency by Incorporating Photoelectric Responsiveness into Multiporous Ionic Membrane
Authors: Xian Weipeng , Zhu Changjia , Lai Zhuozhi , Zuo Xiuhui , Meng Qing‐Wei , Zheng Liping , Wang Sai , Dai Zhifeng , Chen Fang , Ma Shengqian , Sun Qi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe evolution of porous membranes has revitalized their potential application in sustainable osmotic‐energy conversion. However, the performance of multiporous membranes deviates significantly from the linear extrapolation of single‐pore membranes, primarily due to the occurrence of ion‐concentration polarization (ICP). This study proposes a robust strategy to overcome this challenge by incorporating photoelectric responsiveness into permselective membranes. By introducing light‐induced electric fields within the membrane, the transport of ions is accelerated, leading to a reduction in the diffusion boundary layer and effectively mitigating the detrimental effects of ICP. The developed photoelectric‐responsive covalent‐organic‐framework membranes exhibit an impressive output power density of 69.6 W m−2 under illumination, surpassing the commercial viability threshold by ≈14‐fold. This research uncovers a previously unexplored benefit of integrating optical electric conversion with reverse electrodialysis, thereby enhancing energy conversion efficiency.
Self‐Assembled Nanocarrier Delivery Systems for Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Zhang Yuning , Ding Rui , Zhang Kai , Guo Huiyuan , Lin Yingying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough bioactive compounds (BCs) have many important functions, their applications are greatly limited due to their own defects. The development of nanocarriers (NCs) technology has gradually overcome the defects of BCs. NCs are equally important as BCs to some extent. Self‐assembly (SA) methods to build NCs have many advantages than chemical methods, and SA has significant impact on the structure and function of NCs. However, the relationship among SA mechanism, structure, and function has not been given enough attention. Therefore, from the perspective of bottom‐up building mechanism, the concept of SA‐structure‐function of NCs is emphasized to promote the development of SA‐based NCs. First, the conditions and forces for occurring SA are introduced, and then the SA basis and molecular mechanism of protein, polysaccharide, and lipid are summarized. Then, varieties of the structures formed based on SA are introduced in detail. Finally, facing the defects of BCs and how to be well solved by NCs are also elaborated. This review attempts to describe the great significance of constructing artificial NCs to deliver BCs from the aspects of SA‐structure‐function, so as to promote the development of SA‐based NCs and the wide application of BCs.
A comprehensive exploration of diverse green analytical techniques and their influence in different analytical fields
Authors: Nanda Bibhu Prasad , Chopra Arshdeep , Kumari Yogindra , Narang Raj Kumar , Bhatia Rohit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe primary goals of green analytical chemistry (GAC) involve the development of novel analytical technologies or the modification of existing methods to incorporate procedures with reduced reliance on hazardous chemicals. Several approaches can be employed to achieve these objectives, including the utilization of environmentally friendly solvents and reagents, shortening chromatographic separation times, and the miniaturization of analytical devices. The review summarizes the evolution of GAC with its specific principles and with special emphasis on recent applications in modern era. A detailed exploration of the choice of green solvents and their practical utilization in green liquid chromatography (LC) techniques for environmentally friendly analysis of pharmaceuticals has been discussed. An ordinary description with a tabular illustration of various modern green analytical techniques like micellar LC, superheated water chromatography, high‐speed LC, enhanced fluidity LC, two‐dimensional LC, and aspects of gas chromatography has been thoroughly provided for concepts with their mechanism and limitations. GAC provides potential applications for food analysis, environmental analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aquatic environment with special emphasis on strategies for greening LC and impurity profiling, and so on. Numerous benefits, limitations, and challenges that are linked to the field of GAC are highlighted in this review. We pay special attention to new green approaches, such as automation, miniaturization, direct analysis techniques, and some initiatives like the National Environmental Methods Index Label for Analytical Eco‐Scale assessment. In spite of many promising advancements, the understanding is still limited and challenging.
Elucidating key immunological biomarkers and immune microenvironment dynamics in aging‐related intracranial aneurysm through integrated multi‐omics analysis
Authors: Wang Kai , Xiao Yangyang , Zhang Wenjia , Yang Haiguang , Li Chaoqun , Wang Jia , Li Guoshu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe exact cause of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is still unclear. However, pro‐inflammatory factors are known to contribute to IA progression. The specific changes in the immune microenvironment of IAs remain largely unexplored.MethodsThis study analyzed single‐cell sequencing data from a male mouse model of brain aneurysm, focusing on samples before and after elastase‐induced Willis aneurysms. The data helped identify eight distinct cell subpopulations: fibroblasts, macrophages, NK cells, endothelial cells, B cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. The study also involved bulk RNA sequencing of 97 IA samples, utilizing ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithms for analysis. Intercellular communication among these cells was inferred to understand the immune dynamics in IA.ResultsThe study found that fibroblasts and macrophages are predominant in various disease states of IA. Notably, the onset of IA was marked by a significant increase in fibroblasts and a decrease in macrophages. There was a marked increase in cellular interactions, especially involving macrophages, at the onset of the disease. Through enrichment analysis, 12 potential immunogenic biomarkers were identified. Of these, Rgs1 emerged as a critical molecule in IA formation, confirmed through secondary validation in a single‐cell sequencing dataset.ConclusionThis comprehensive analysis of immune cell composition and intercellular communication in IA tissues highlights the significant roles of macrophages and the molecule Rgs1. These findings shed light on the physiological and pathological conditions of IA, offering new insights into its immune microenvironment.
Perspectives on Indigenous well‐being and climate change adaptation
Authors: Jarillo Sergio , Crivelli Carlos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThough it is often said that climate change is a risk to people's well‐being, the specific ways in which it affects people's well‐being is still poorly understood, especially as it relates to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Two interrelated issues contribute to this gap in knowledge: (1) the use of different conceptualizations of well‐being across disciplines; and (2) the limited use of local and context‐specific understandings of well‐being that are meaningful to people exposed to climate change. Here, we review 103 articles covering the topic of climate change adaptation and well‐being. We find that, despite the growing interest on the topic, most of the articles do not include definitions of well‐being. We then propose an approach informed by emic values to better understand how climate change may affect well‐being in Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. We conclude that, given the increasing recognition of well‐being as a fundamental marker of successful adaptation, well‐being should be central to climate change research and policymaking, but for this to be of benefit to Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities context‐specific understandings of well‐being are necessary.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation
Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Duck hunters and difficulty complying with harvest regulations
Authors: Gruntorad Matthew P. , Vrtiska Mark P. , Chizinski Christopher J. , Duberstein Jennifer N. , Fulton David C. , Harshaw Howard W. , Raedeke Andrew H. , Spaeth Jason 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDue to the steady decline of duck hunter participation, several studies have investigated means to bolster the duck hunter population. Researchers and wildlife professionals have assumed that simpler regulations would attract new and unconfident hunters to participate in duck hunting. In light of this, we sought to identify what portion of the duck‐hunting population had difficulty understanding species‐specific bag limits or complying with species‐specific bag limits in the field. We also sought to describe hunters who had difficulty complying with specific bag limits and how their difficulties were associated with elements related to demography, attitude, and behavior. We found most hunters had no difficulty understanding (82%) or complying with (74%) species specific bag limits, but flyway (χ2 = 35.06, P < 0.01), number of ducks harvested (χ2 = 9.76, P < 0.01), number of years hunted (χ2 = 9.20, P < 0.01), and gender (χ2 = 4.14, P < 0.05), were important to predicting hunter difficulty with compliance. Hunters who can overcome their difficulties understanding and complying with species‐specific bag limits may be more likely to be integrated into the duck hunting culture, and more likely to continue duck hunting in the future. More species identification tools and fewer species‐specific bag limits may be appropriate for the 18% of the duck hunter population who indicated that bag‐specific regulations were difficult to understand and the 26% who indicated that it was difficult to comply with species‐specific bag limits in the field. A closer look may be warranted for how the trade‐offs associated with the combination of species‐specific bag limits in combination with the variety of duck season zone and split options states employ, license/stamp requirements, area‐specific regulations, and trespass laws may influence duck hunter experiences.
Magneto‐thermoelastic interactions in a photothermal semiconducting medium with diffusion and microtemperatures
Authors: Jangra Amit , Choudhary Suman , Deswal Sunita 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current manuscript is an attempt to investigate the disturbances in a two‐dimensional homogeneous, isotropic, magneto‐thermoelastic material with mass diffusion, microtemperatures and photothermal effect. The expressions for different physical variables such as displacement, stresses, carrier density, temperature field and microtemperatures are obtained in the physical domain. The formulation is subjected to a thermal load. Normal mode analysis is adopted to procure the exact solution of the problem. Numerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB programming and the results are illustrated graphically. The graphical results indicate that the effects of photothermal parameters, magnetic parameter, diffusion parameters and time are very much pronounced on the field variables. Results of some earlier authors have been reduced as particular cases of the present formulation.
Analysis and Treatment of Gas Pulsation in the Pipeline of a Hydrogen Diaphragm Compressor
Authors: Xiao Jun , Geng Maofei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased on the plane wave theory and the transfer matrix method, the modeling, calculation and analysis of gas pulsation in a complex pipeline system of a hydrogen diaphragm compressor were carried out. The calculations show that the gas pulsations of the intake and exhaust pipelines of the cylinder gradually attenuate along the pipeline upstream and downstream, and the gas pulsation of the exhaust pipeline of the second stage cylinder is larger. The gas pulsations of the exhaust pipelines of the first and second stage cylinders are significantly higher than the limit values of API 618. From the perspective of pulsation control, an attempt was made to add orifice plates at appropriate positions of the pipeline to reduce the pulsation amplitude. The trial calculations show that the added orifice plate can effectively reduce the maximum gas pulsation of the pipeline, and can provide a useful reference for the treatment of gas pulsation.
Airworthiness Design and Verification Analysis of Unconventional Thermodynamic Cycle Hydrogen Aero-Turbine Engines
Authors: Tang Xinhao , Shen Suhua , Hu Yanjie , Wang Chunxiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogen fuel is an extremely ideal aviation power with its characteristics of high power density and zero carbon emission. Hydrogen fuel is stored in a low-temperature liquid state in aircraft, and the liquid hydrogen needs to be warmed up to hydrogen gas by heat transfer before entering the combustion chamber to participate in combustion. Since liquid hydrogen has the traits of low temperature and high specific heat capacity, large amount of heat is required to complete the heat transfer process. And the engine thermal cycle process can be fully utilized for heat transfer of liquid hydrogen. This paper presents the design and verification of unconventional thermal cycle system based on an unconventional thermal cycle configuration for hydrogen aero-turbine engines under the existing airworthiness regulations. This paper can provide support for the airworthiness design and verification of hydrogen aero-turbine engines with unconventional thermal cycle configurations, and provide a reference for the introduction of the airworthiness validation special conditions policy applicable to hydrogen aero-turbine engines.
Capacity Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage System in Microgrid
Authors: Jing Yanwei , Zhao Zhihao , Jiang Wen , Liang Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA hydrogen fuel station is an infrastructure for commercializing hydrogen energy using fuel cells, especially in the automotive field. Hydrogen, produced through microgrid systems of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, is a green fuel that can greatly reduce the use of fossil fuels in the transportation sector. In this study, taking the Winter Olympics as the background, hydrogen production was carried out through the wind-solar hybrid microgrid system installed in Chongli, Zhangjiakou, so as to meet the fuel supply of hydrogen buses during the Winter Olympics. This analysis is the capacity optimization configuration design of the microgrid including the hydrogen production system, and the simulation analysis is carried out by using the Homer simulation software. In this study, NASA’s ground-based meteorology and solar databases were used. Therefore, the annual average wind speed of the site is 5.72 m/s, and the annual average solar radiation is 5.08 kWh/m2/d. According to the optimization results obtained for the proposed configuration, different system configuration schemes are found, and a variety of schemes are compared to select the most economical capacity configuration scheme. It was finally shown that a microgrid including a hydrogen production system powered by renewable energy is economically feasible.
Penetration Behavior Analysis of Resin During the Impregnation Progress of Expanded Graphite Plates
Authors: Fan Runlin , Zheng Junsheng , Zhan Zize 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResin impregnation is an important process in the manufacture of composite graphite bipolar plates to reduce their porosity and improve their air tightness as well as flexural strength. In order to improve the filling efficiency of resin into expanded graphite plates and to investigate the factors influencing the resin penetration process, we compare the penetration rate and the upper limit of absorption of epoxy resin, acrylic resin and water in graphite plates. It was found that capillary force is part of the driving forces for resin penetration into the graphite plates, while the boundary layer is the main source of resistance. The higher viscosity of the resin not only leads to a lower resin flow rate, but also results in the formation of a thicker boundary layer, creating additional resistance. Further, the pores are not permeable by resin when the thickness of the boundary layer is greater than the pore size, which is an important reason why the expanded graphite plate is difficult to be filled by resin adequately.
Research on Space Regenerative Fuel Cell System and Comprehensive Energy Utilization Technology
Authors: Feng Lei , Chen Wen , Wang Jingrun , Xie Wen , Cui Qingxin , Bai Jingying , Wan Cheng’an 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the application demands and research progress of fuel cells in the space field. Subsequently, an analysis of the comprehensive energy utilization modes of fuel cells from the aspects of water, gas, and heat is conducted. The fuel evaporated from the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks of spacecraft can be used for fuel cell power generation, and the heat generated by fuel cells, together with the low-absorption and low-emissivity thermal control coatings, maintains the temperature of the spacecraft in the shadow area. The product water from fuel cells can be purified for reuse in thermal control, environmental control, and water electrolysis cells. The hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolyzing water can be recycled for fuel cell power generation, and the oxygen can also be used for environmental control and life support, while the hydrogen can be used for methane production. To reduce system weight and achieve comprehensive utilization of energy and resources, integrated system design and research on regenerative fuel cell system principles are carried out. Finally, through the analysis of prototype performance parameters, the design scheme demonstrates the feasibility of energy and resource recycling.
High Efficiency Fuel Cell Stack and Key Technologies of Power Module
Authors: Hsu Che-Jung , Lin Cheng-Huei , Lee Chih-Hung , Tsai Li-Duan , Lai Chien-Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the development of key technologies in fuel cell stacks and fuel cell power modules are reported, with emphasis on high-volume production (>10,000 units/year). Fuel cell stack design is focused on the development of high-efficiency membrane electrode assemblies (≧300 mA/cm2 @0.8 V) suitable for continuous roll-to-roll manufacturing and high volumetric efficiency stacks (1.5 kW/L) with power rating of at least 10 kW. Power module design focuses on the union of liquid-cooled fuel cell stack, smart power conditioning technology, battery, hydrogen storage system and balance-of-plant into a fully-integrated, drop-in unit for MHE (Material Handling Equipment) systems. Technical verification was conducted by integrating the fuel cell power module into an automated guided vehicle as a turn-key replacement for the original power system. Power module performance was demonstrated with continuous current loading up to 240 A and peak current loading of 300 A. All core technologies of the fuel cell power module are deliverable as a free-standing total solution, expanding the potential applications beyond vehicle systems, and allowing rapid commercialization of related technologies.