bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation and optimization of triple cascode operational transconductance amplifiers using GNRFET technology for low power smart devices
Authors: Hashmi Faraz , Nizamuddin M , Amin Syed Umar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Front-end circuits are crucial interfaces between digital electronics and real-world applications in Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems and portable smart devices, necessitating high-speed, energy-efficient, and compact designs. Advanced mixed-signal processing and actuation technologies are essential for leveraging the pivotal role of analog sensors in Artificial Intelligence (AI) functionalities. This study investigates emerging low-power nanoelectronics for analog circuit applications, focusing on Graphene Nano-ribbon Field-Effect Transistors (GNRFETs), particularly one-dimensional armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs). Triple cascode operational transconductance amplifiers (TCOTAs) are implemented using GNRFETs and MOSFETs at the 32-nanometer technology node using HSPICE. Three distinct GNR-based TCOTA configurations are analyzed against conventional CMOS-based TCOTA to assess performance improvements. The evaluation highlights significant enhancements in GNR-based TCOTAs, particularly in the pure GNRFET-TCOTA variant, which exhibits a notable 33.8% increase in DC gain, a 21.4% improvement in common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and substantial growth rates of 5.85 and 8.47 times for slew rate and 3-dB bandwidth, respectively. The pure GNR-based TCOTA shows a 9.4% delay in comparison to Si-CMOS-based TCOTA. Insights into critical design parameters such as dimer lines (N), number of GNRs (n

Rib
), and ribbon spacing (W

SP
) are provided, emphasizing their impact on circuit performance. This research underscores the potential of GNRFET to optimize operational transconductance amplifiers, enhancing analog circuit capabilities for IoT systems and portable electronics. The findings contribute to advancing nanoelectronics toward achieving higher performance and efficiency in future electronic applications.
Real-time monitoring and prediction of compressive strength of mortar and concrete
Authors: S Kishore , A Arun Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Developing a real-time monitoring system for evaluating the compressive strength of concrete on construction sites is essential. In this current study, an affordable and detachable automated system using the Internet of Things (IoT) is developed to assess the compressive strength of mortar and concrete in real-time. This system, composed of a digital sensor and Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller, is coded with mathematical algorithms to help forecast the real-time compressive strength. The system uses a pre-programmed algorithm linked to a cloud platform using IoT, and a mobile application has been developed to view the predicted strength remotely. The methodology adopted in this study is the maturity method based on ASTM C1074. The precision of the sensor’s estimated strength is validated by comparing the predicted compressive strength with the experimental strength obtained through accelerated and normal water curing methods. The difference between the predicted strength results using the sensor and the actual laboratory results at 14 days is 0.76% and 1.12%, whereas at 28 days, it is observed to be 7.83% and 7.54%, respectively. The developed system accurately predicts the real-time compressive strength and offers remote access to the results through mobile applications.
An analytic study of hybrid inflationary model with quantum gravity corrections
Authors: Moiz M A , Ansari Rizwan Ul Haq 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the modified hybrid inflationary model to incorporate quantum gravity effects using an effective field theory approach. The inflationary parameters are computed, and they are modified in the presence of higher dimensional operators. We obtain a bound on the Wilsonian coefficient of higher dimensional operator and find that it depends on the vacuum energy density. Our study provides an avenue to explore the quantum gravity effects on hybrid inflationary model and can be extended to include other hybrid inflation models.
Drone mapping links reindeer browsing during an herbivory pulse to divergent vegetation community responses
Authors: Spiegel Marcus P , Kerby Jeffrey T , Ehrich Dorothée , Volkovitskiy Alexander , Terekhina Alexandra , Filippova Violetta , Shklyar Kirill , Sokolova Natalia , Sokolov Aleksandr A , Macias-Fauria Marc 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large herbivores regulate ecosystem structure and functioning across Earth’s biomes, but vegetation community responses to herbivory depend on complex interactions involving the timing and intensity of herbivory pressure and other, often abiotic, controls on vegetation. Consequently, reindeer-driven vegetation transitions in the Arctic occur heterogeneously between and even within landscapes. Here, we employed drone surveys to investigate drivers of spatial heterogeneity in vegetation responses to reindeer herbivory by mapping change comprehensively across a landscape at the fine scale inherent to plant-herbivore interactions. We conducted our surveys on the Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia in coordination with Indigenous Nenets mobile pastoralists managing a reindeer herd of hundreds of animals, including 13 animals with GPS collars. The surveys mapped the focal landscape immediately before the herd arrived, immediately after they had left the site, and one month after the herd’s activity. Using structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry in a novel workflow that accounts for spatially variable uncertainty in the SfM reconstructions, we detected significant decreases in canopy height over 0.4% of the site after the herbivory event and significant increases in canopy height over 3% of the site one month later. Vegetation responses diverged depending on the amount of herbivory pressure, which was derived from the collar GPS data. In areas with higher reindeer activity, there were initial decreases in canopy height strongly suggesting trampling and defoliation, including signs of browsing around the edges of erect shrubs, and subsequent growth instead predominantly in low-lying vegetation one month later. Areas with lower herbivory pressure within the same habitat types showed strikingly little change throughout the study period. Due to our spatially comprehensive approach, we were able to pinpoint immediate and lagged effects of an herbivory pulse, ultimately demonstrating how herbivory can shape the productivity and distribution of vegetation communities within a landscape.
The vulnerability of European agricultural areas to anthesis heat stress increases with climate change
Authors: Lucia Martin Lioba , Smerald Andrew , Kiese Ralf , Klimiuk Tatiana , Ludwig Patrick , Sanchéz-Benítez Antonio , Goessling Helge , Scheer Clemens 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture, primarily through yield losses due to droughts and heatwaves. The flowering phase is a particularly critical period during which many crops are highly susceptible to heat, resulting in long-term damage and substantial yield reduction. By imposing the large-scale atmospheric circulation of the 2018 to 2022 heatwaves in a CMIP6 model, we explore the potential impact of such a multi-year event within future climate scenarios as a storyline. We developed a heat stress index to quantify the amount of stress experienced by crops due to heat exposure during flowering relative to unstressed conditions. This index was then applied to the storylines over the European domain and evaluated for major cereal crops (maize and wheat). Extrapolating 2022 conditions to a scenario with global warming of +4 K, we show that over 30% of the harvested area would experience severe heat stress, resulting in a 10% yield reduction across Europe. Our investigations highlight that the timing and severity of a heatwave can have a much higher impact than the mean warming level, emphasizing the need for accurate seasonal forecasts. Addressing these challenges will require proactive management adaptations, including dynamic forecast-based decisions on planting dates, crop, and variety selection.
Interests of Reason
Authors: Cureton Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The book’s third main question is: What moves us to govern ourselves by reason? The aim of this chapter is to explore the motives that lead a rational and reasonable person to exercise her governing abilities of reason, to comply with requirements of reason, to legislate laws of reason, and otherwise to live as a rationally self-governing person. Traditional Kantian theories contend that our reason includes some limited interests in governing ourselves by moral laws. The third feature of the Sovereignty Conception of Reason is that our power of reason includes or gives rise to many formal and substantive desires, dispositions, drives, goals, needs, feelings, and other interests of reason. Part of having a rational nature is that we care about certain things for their own sakes, are disposed to act in various ways, and have certain needs and certain desires and feelings simply because we are rational. Our power of reason is not inert, passive, or otherwise dependent on our natural desires, natural feelings, or choices. It includes its own active elements. A rational and reasonable person favors unity and harmony, seeks explanations of things, wants to learn as much as she can, values enlightened thought, cares about the lives of other rational people, aims for the development of their own rational and natural abilities, and seeks friendships. This chapter explores the idea of an interest of reason, characterizes two types of them, and suggests that our power of reason includes a wide variety of these formal and substantive interests.
Natural Perfection
Authors: Cureton Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our power of reason includes substantive final interests in the natural perfection of all people. As rational and reasonable people, we care about developing our understanding, imagination, agility, dexterity, and other physical and mental abilities we have. We also value cultivating these powers in other people. The aims of this chapter are to describe a conception of what it is to be a naturally perfect human person, to explain our interest of reason in this kind of natural perfection of all people, to distinguish it from others, and to explore some presumptive laws of reason that are favored by our interest of reason in the natural perfection of everyone. A human person is naturally perfect just in case she has intrinsic properties that, for any end, lead to the realization of that end. Such an ideal person can accomplish all ends and is immanently useful for satisfying all ends. Rational and reasonable persons with interests of reason in the natural perfection of all could or would favor presumptive laws of reason that concern cultivating our own powers of body and mind, learning new skills, acquiring knowledge, toughening our bodies, not mutilating people, and educating children. Various kinds of friendships, social groups, economic competition, educational institutions, and political arrangements provide favorable conditions for enhancing the natural perfection of human persons. Our interests in natural perfection also favor laws that require us to feel pleasure, not pain, at the perfections of others and to feel pain, not pleasure, at their imperfections.
Respect and Expressions of Respect
Authors: Cureton Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our power of reason includes substantive final interests in respect and expressions of respect. As rational and reasonable people, we care about respecting and not disrespecting rational nature, reasonable actions and characters, and the laws of reason themselves. We also value expressions of respect for these things in word, manner, and deed. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate how the Sovereignty Conception of Reason can capture and explain a wide variety of judgments in reflective common sense about respect, contempt, and their expressions. It explores a novel conception of respect as a judgment that something is an object of our interests of reason. This is an unorthodox view of respect that fits with some themes in Kant’s thinking and helps to explain why we sometimes fail to respect the things we should. The chapter also considers presumptive laws of reason that our interests in respect and expressions of respect favor. Our interests of reason in respect favor presumptive requirements to make accurate judgments of inner worth, guard against biases in these judgments, be modest in assessing actions and characters of others, and communicate with others to correct errors in them. Our interests of reason in expressions of respect favor laws that presumptively require us to express accurate judgments of inner worth and to exercise due care in what signs we use. Both interests favor laws about defending ourselves from mistaken judgments of our inner worth and not giving occasion for people to make and express such mistaken judgments.
European Sirens
Authors: Andriessen Louis , Ligeti György , Lutoslawski Witold 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on salons given by European composers Louis Andriessen, György Ligeti, and Witold Lutoslawski. Most of Freeman’s patronage favored American composers; she was wary of European musical aesthetics and knew European countries were more generous with grants to artists than the United States. However, her attention and support expanded toward European composers beginning in the late 1980s. While the composers in this chapter represent a European origin (though not the only Europeans included in this book), in many ways this is where their similarities end. Still, their presence in the Music Room represents a heightened awareness of the European avant-garde and, partially through events like Freeman’s musicales, shows how important connections between composers on both continents were made.
Ap-Vas1 distribution unveils new insights into germline development in the parthenogenetic and viviparous pea aphid: from germ-plasm assembly to germ-cell clustering
Authors: Lin Gee-Way , Chang Chun-che 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Targeting the distribution of germ-cell markers is a widely used strategy for investigating germline development in animals. Among these markers, the vasa (vas) orthologues, which encode ATP-dependent RNA helicases, are highly conserved. Previous studies have examined asexual (parthenogenetic) and viviparous embryos of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum using a cross-reacting Vas antibody. This study utilized a specific antibody against Ap-Vas1, a Vas orthologue in the pea aphid, to gain new insights into germline development. The Ap-Vas1-specific antibody facilitates earlier detection of germ-plasm assembly at the oocyte posterior, challenging the previous assumption that germ-plasm assembly begins only at the onset of embryogenesis. Treatment of oocytes and early embryos with cytoskeleton inhibitors suggests that germ-plasm assembly primarily depends on actin, in contrast to the fly Drosophila melanogaster, where both actin and microtubules are essential. Since pea aphids lack an orthologue of osk, which encodes the protein Osk responsible for anchoring Vas to the germ plasm in Drosophila, this suggests that pea aphids employ distinct mechanisms for osk- and microtubule-independent formation of the germ plasm. Moreover, the clustering of germ cells into germarium-like structures in the extraembryonic region before entering the embryos suggests a gonad formation process different from that in Drosophila, where germ cells begin to cluster into germaria after settling within the embryonic gonads. Therefore, the analysis of the Ap-Vas1 distribution provides a deeper understanding of germline development in asexual pea aphids, uncovering novel aspects of parthenogenetic and viviparous reproduction in insects.
2651 UHS SHINE service: haematology is looking to establish a novel MDT approach for the Management of Elderly non-Hodgkin’s patients
Authors: Brown H , Singh A , King A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
In conjunction with Roche, an 18-month project was proposed to facilitate a more holistic approach in managing this patient cohort post-diagnosis and in turn improve outcomes, reduce length of stay and improve patient experience.

Method
The aim of the project was to design the MDT, ensure there is sufficient clinician capacity for implementation as well as develop accompanying pathways. The patient cohort was all patients with a diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma over the age of 65. Whilst all patients meeting these criteria would potentially be eligible to be reviewed by the MDT, the patients would first complete a comprehensive frailty assessment at the end of which the clinician will assign a clinical frailty score (CFS). Any patient scoring 4 or above with a clinical concern will be added to the MDT for review. The MDT itself will aim to address all aspects of the patient’s health care journey post diagnosis. To this end, the roles that have been defined as critical are: Haematologist, Geriatrician, Pharmacist, Physiotherapist/Occupational Therapist, Dietician, Clinical Nurse Specialist and Support Worker.

Results
Currently over 90 patients assessed. Over 60 discussed in MDT, with over 170 total reviews. Further qualitative TBC.

Conclusions
Currently at UHS there is limited provision of frailty services. This unmet need manifests as e.g. reduced rates of treatment completion or increased treatment modifications, increased length of stay for post treatment episodes, missed appointments and non-elective admissions. All of which subsequently impact the patient’s prognosis and NHS resources.
Evidence shows centres with a geriatric oncology service have seen increased success in completion of treatment for patients and length of stay reduced by an average of 4.5 days. This pilot has enabled the Trust to collate evidence of this being the case locally, ultimately facilitating improved patient experience, better patient outcomes and reduced.
2659 Setting up a frailty virtual Ward: opportunities, successes and challenges
Authors: Savage L , Gibbons C , Chatterjee S , Alexander H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The Gloucestershire Frailty Virtual Ward (FVW) is a novel multidisciplinary collaborative project which seeks to improve care for frail older patients. We describe our experience, reflect on lessons learnt and plans for future service development.

Methods
The Gloucestershire FVW was started in early 2023. It arose from an understanding that the needs of frail patients can often be better met in their own homes, by utilising a combination of digital technology combined with improved working across organisational boundaries at the primary/secondary care interface. We reviewed data from all patients admitted onto our FVW between October 2023 and March 2024.

Results
66 patients were included. The majority of patients were ‘step-down’, having been in hospital prior to FVW admission. The minority were ‘step-up’, having been referred from community colleagues. Clinical frailty scores ranged from 2–8, with a mean of 6. During this period, our FVW managed a range of different clinical problems. The most common reason for FVW admission was infection, then heart failure, delirium and acute kidney injury. Most patients were admitted for the management of a single problem (58%), although a significant proportion had 2 or more problems (42%). Our FVW conducted a variety of interventions, including blood tests, face-to-face reviews, amending medications including antimicrobials, diuretics and analgesia. Our FVW was also involved in decisions around the withdrawal of active care and initiation of a palliative approach.

Conclusions
Our FVW has helped facilitate early discharge and avoid hospital admission, with associated benefits to both patients and the acute trust. As a new service which aims to sit between primary and secondary care, we have encountered logistical and governance challenges associated with working across organisational boundaries. Additionally, we have found that the use of digital technology can cause anxiety for patients and place additional strain on carers.
2865 Revamping ReSPECT: a qualitative assessment of the documentation in the ‘clinician recommendations’ section in ReSPECT forms
Authors: de Silva C , Twigg M , Dykes L , Gilpin R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This project is based in the geriatric department of Wye Valley NHS trust which serves Herefordshire and mid-Powys.

Introduction
In frail, older patients, cardiopulmonary (CPR) resuscitation has low rates of success. Lack of appropriately completed ReSPECT forms leads to futile attempts of CPR, repeated readmissions and patient harm.
This project aims to improve patient centred advance care planning (ACP), and the quality of their documentation in the ‘clinician recommendations’ section in ReSPECT forms through development of new educational tools.

Methods
The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicator Tool (SPICT) was used to identify patients benefitting from ACP in the department. Data was collected on how many patients had ReSPECT forms and how well they were completed against standards adapted from the Resuscitation Council guidelines.
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle 1 was completed developing an aide-memoire (ReSPECT tool), and an interactive workshop. PDSA cycle 2 lead to design of the project poster titled ‘Revamp your ReSPECT discussions’ which was displayed on the wards and shared on social media. PDSA cycle 3 was conducted to measure response and aid direction.

Results
PDSA 1 showed 71% patients meeting SPICT criteria had ReSPECT forms. This improved to 82% by PDSA 3. PDSA cycle 1 revealed that only 32% of ReSPECT forms were completed to audit standards, by PDSA 3 this improved to 43%. The project received engagement from the wider healthcare community on Twitter/X where the project poster garnered over 36,600 views and has been shared in the trusts latest issue of safety bites.

Conclusions
Our work led to an improvement in the quality of documentation and illustrated a novel approach to communicating the standards expected when delivering patient-centred ACP. The interest received via social media highlighted the importance of sharing this experience. We plan on building on this success through wider communication of the standards.