bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the thermostability and activity of glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 via computational design
Authors: Go Seong-Ryeong , Lee Su-Jin , Ahn Woo-Chan , Park Kwang-Hyun , Woo Eui-Jeon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1, derived from Stevia rebaudiana, plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of rebaudioside A, a natural sugar substitute. Nevertheless, its potential for industrial application is limited by certain enzymatic characteristics, notably thermostability. To enhance the thermostability and enzymatic activity, we employed a computational design strategy, merging stabilizing mutation scanning with a Rosetta-based protein design protocol. Compared to UGT76G1, the designed variant 76_4 exhibited a 9 °C increase in apparent Tm, a 2.55-fold increase rebaudioside A production capacity, and a substantial 11% reduction in the undesirable byproduct rebaudioside I. Variant 76_7 also showed a 1.91-fold enhancement rebaudioside A production capacity, which was maintained up to 55 °C, while the wild-type lost most of its activity. These results underscore the efficacy of structure-based design in introducing multiple mutations simultaneously, which significantly improves the enzymatic properties of UGT76G1. This strategy provides a method for the development of efficient, thermostable enzymes for industrial applications.
Three-dimensional non-Abelian Bloch oscillations and higher-order topological states
Authors: Pan Naiqiao , Chen Tian , Ji Tingting , Tong Xiaoxue , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) have been introduced, and were shown to host topological corner states under the theoretical framework of Benalcazar-Bernevig-Hughes. Here we unveil some topological effects in HOTIs by studying the three-dimensional (3D) non-Abelian Bloch oscillations (BOs). In HOTIs, BOs with a multiplied period occur when a force with a special direction is applied due to the effect of the non-Abelian Berry curvature. Along the direction of the oscillations we find a higher-order topological state that goes beyond the theoretical framework of multipole moments. The emergence of such a higher-order topological state coincides with the appearance of the 3D non-Abelian BOs. That is, the 3D non-Abelian BOs can be used as a tool to probe higher-order topological states. These phenomena are observed experimentally with designed electric circuit networks. Our work opens up a way to detect topological phases theoretically and experimentally.
Can Playing a Game Improve Children's Speech Recognition? A Preliminary Study of Implicit Talker Familiarity Effects
Authors: Flaherty Mary M. , Price Rachael , Murgia Silvia , Manukian Emma 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The goal was to evaluate whether implicit talker familiarization via an interactive computer game, designed for this study, could improve children's word recognition in classroom noise. It was hypothesized that, regardless of age, children would perform better when recognizing words spoken by the talker who was heard during the game they played.

Method:
Using a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design, this study examined the impact of short-term implicit voice exposure on children's word recognition in classroom noise. Implicit voice familiarization occurred via an interactive computer game, played at home for 10 min a day for 5 days. In the game, children (8–12 years) heard one voice, intended to become the “familiar talker.” Pre- and postfamiliarization, children identified words in prerecorded classroom noise. Four conditions were tested to evaluate talker familiarity and generalization effects.

Results:
Results demonstrated an 11% improvement when recognizing words spoken by the voice heard in the game (“familiar talker”). This was observed only for words that were heard in the game and did not generalize to unfamiliarized words. Before familiarization, younger children had poorer recognition than older children in all conditions; however, after familiarization, there was no effect of age on performance for familiarized stimuli.

Conclusions:
Implicit short-term exposure to a talker has the potential to improve children's speech recognition. Therefore, leveraging talker familiarity through gameplay shows promise as a viable method for improving children's speech-in-noise recognition. However, given that improvements did not generalize to unfamiliarized words, careful consideration of exposure stimuli is necessary to optimize this approach.
Inteligencia artificial y visión por ordenador para evaluar los componentes del rendimiento de la vid en viñedos comerciales
Authors: Íñiguez Rubén , Poblete-Echeverría Carlos , Hernández Inés , Gutiérrez Salvador , Barrio Ignacio , Tardáguila Javier 
Published: December 2023

Resumen
La estimación del rendimiento es muy importante para la industria vitivinícola, ya que proporciona información útil para la gestión de viñedos y bodegas. Los efectos del cambio climático, como el aumento de las temperaturas y la menor disponibilidad de agua, pueden afectar a los componentes del rendimiento del viñedo. En general, la previsión tradicional del rendimiento se basaba en el recuento manual y destructivo de los racimos y el peso de las bayas. Los métodos convencionales no proporcionan una estimación precisa y son lentos, caros y laboriosos. En este estudio, se utilizaron métodos novedosos que emplean tecnologías digitales como el uso de la detección próxima, la visión por ordenador y la inteligencia artificial para la estimación del rendimiento en viñedos comerciales. La visión por ordenador se utilizó para la detección automática de diferentes características del dosel y para la calibración de ecuaciones de regresión para la predicción del rendimiento por cepa. La inteligencia artificial se utilizó para el recuento automático de racimos. Los resultados mostraron que el algoritmo de aprendizaje profundo fue capaz de detectar racimos con una alta precisión. En conclusión, nuestros resultados demostraron la aplicabilidad de estos nuevos métodos para evaluar los componentes del rendimiento en viñedos comerciales.
Use of fumaric acid on must or during alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Davaux François , Cottereau Philippe , Dubernet Matthieu 
Published: December 2023

Fumaric acid has been approved by OIV for the use on wine in 2021. This practice consists in treating wines with fumaric acid to inhibit malolactic fermentation by controlling the growth and activity of lactic acid bacteria. Doses between 300 and 600 mg/L are recommended. Fumaric acid during fermentation is metabolized mainly into malic acid. It could be interesting to use the addition of fumaric acid for acidification by increasing the presence of malic acid (L) at the end of alcoholic fermentation and to participate in the blocking of malolactic fermentation during fermentation. Its use would reduce the risks of unwanted or too early malolactic fermentation, especially in the case of vinification without or with few sulfites.
Trials were conducted by IFV in partnership with Dubernet Laboratories at pilot level, with the main grape varieties from different regions of France, and in red, white, and rosé vinification. The fumaric acid modality was compared to acidification modalities by malic acid and/or tartaric acid with additions in identical concentration in equivalent per liter (20 meq/L or 1.5 g/L expressed in tartaric acid). A test under cellar conditions (under derogation art 4 - reg N° 934/2019) was also carried out by the Dubernet laboratory in the case of vinification in carbonic maceration.
Etiquetado digital en el sector vitivinícola: Trazabilidad, transparencia e información al consumidor
Authors: Hernández Ángel Sánchez , de Jubera Higuero Beatriz Sáenz 
Published: December 2023

Resumen
Implantar la trazabilidad a fin de identificar, no sólo el origen, sino también otros aspectos del producto agroalimentario “seguro”, además de contribuir al adecuado funcionamiento del mercado interior y constituir un instrumento de la Administración para controlar el cumplimiento de los requisitos legales en el ámbito agroalimentario, garantiza el derecho del consumidor a estar informado veraz, eficaz y suficientemente respecto del origen y de otras características esenciales, vg. del vino, a efectos de tomar la decisión más completa y libre de consumirlo o no. La indicación en el etiquetado de los atributos intrínsecos que otorgan la calidad a un vino, aporta mucho valor al consumidor, quien presta atención a la información precisa que recibe referida a la indicación de origen geográfico del vino -DOP e IGP-, así como de sus propiedades intrínsecas relevantes diferenciales, todo lo cual aporta valor y confianza para el consumidor en el vino de calidad. La digitalización en el sector del vino constituye un instrumento que, además de posibilitar el cumplimiento a la normativa vigente sobre etiquetado, ayuda a mejorar la competitividad, la rentabilidad y a reducir la huella medioambiental apostando por mejorar la eficiencia en la utilización de los escasos recursos naturales.
Estilbenos como una alternativa sostenible al anhídrido sulfuroso en vinos
Authors: Gutiérrez-Escobar Rocío , Puertas Belén , Jesús Jiménez Hierro María , José Aliaño-González María , Medrano-Padial Concepción , Pichardo Silvia , Richard Tristan , Cantos-Villar Emma 
Published: December 2023

Resumen
El anhídrido sulfuroso (SO2) es el conservante más empleado en la industria agroalimentaria y enológica por sus propiedades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas. Sin embargo, también es un alérgeno que puede provocar problemas de salud en personas sensibles a él. Por otra parte, la madera de poda procedente de los viñedos es uno de los principales subproductos de la industria vitivinícola, con un volumen estimado entre 2 y 4 toneladas por hectárea y año. Este subproducto vitícola contiene polifenoles, entre otros estilbenos bioactivos con propiedades saludables. En el presente trabajo se ha elaborado y caracterizado un extracto puro de estilbenos obtenido a partir de madera de poda de la vid, para utilizarlo como alternativa sostenible al SO2 en la elaboración de vinos blancos y rosados. Se evaluó el impacto del extracto sobre la calidad de los vinos (parámetros enológicos, color, compuestos fenólicos y perfil sensorial) tanto en el embotellado y a los doce meses del embotellado. En paralelo se evaluó la posible toxicidad del extracto. Los resultados obtenidos concluyen que el extracto puro de estilbenos, obtenido a partir de madera de poda de la vid, puede proponerse como alternativa natural y sostenible al empleo de SO2 en la vinificación de vinos blancos y rosados. Además, el extracto no mostró toxicidad ni in vitro ni in vivo.
A Comparative Study of Endoderm Differentiation Between Activin A and
Small Molecules
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Jin , Wang Ping , He Xiaoqun , Hong Mingzhao , Liu Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSmall molecules such as ROCK inhibitors (Fasudil) and inducer of definitive
endoderm 1 (IDE1) can promote differentiation of definitive endoderm, but their
effects remain controversial. Therefore, we attempted to verify the effect of
these small molecules on promoting definitive endoderm differentiation and found
that Fasudil or IDE1 alone could not achieve a similar effect as activin A. On
the contrary, CHIR99021 could efficiently promote definitive endoderm
differentiation. Nearly 43.4% of experimental cells were SRY-box
transcription factor 17 (SOX17)-positive under the synergistic effect of IDE1
and CHIR99021, but its ability to differentiate towards definitive endoderm was
still insufficient. Transcriptional analysis and comparison of IDE1 and
CHIR99021 synergistic groups (IC) and activin A and CHIR99021 synergistic groups
(AC) showed significantly down-regulated definitive endoderm markers in the IC
group compared with those in the AC group and the differences between the two
groups were mainly due to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP4) and fibroblast
growth factor 17 (FGF17). Further single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed
lower expression of BMP4 in SOX17-positive populations, while mothers against
decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) protein translation signal and FGF17 in the AC
group were higher than that in the IC group. Western blot analysis showed a
significant difference in levels of p-SMAD2/3 between AC and IC groups,
which suggests that regulating p-SMAD2/3 may provide a reference to
improve the differentiation of definitive endoderm.
Intradermal testing and serum allergen-specific IgE-testing in cats
with naturally occurring feline bronchial disease
Authors: Richter Petra , Stursberg Ulrike , Pfeiffer Isabella , Loesenbeck Gerhard , Sauter-Louis Carola , Hartmann Katrin , Mueller Ralf S. , Doerfelt Renè , Schulz Bianka S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives While feline asthma (FA) is considered to be of allergic
origin, the etiology of feline chronic bronchitis (CB) to date is unknown. Aim
of the study was to compare the results of intradermal testing (IDT) and serum
testing for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (SAT) in cats diagnosed with FA
and CB.
Material and methods Twenty-seven client-owned cats with clinical signs,
suggestive of feline inflammatory bronchial disease (FBD) were prospectively
enrolled in the study. Patients were assigned to 3 groups based on results of
bronchoalveolar-lavage-fluid (BALF)-cytology: FA (n=8), CB
(n=10), or cats with a physiological BALF cytology (PB; n=9). A
standardized IDT for 27 allergens was performed in all cats. In addition,
allergen-specific IgE was measured in serum samples using an
FcεRIα-ELISA. The number of positive reactions in both tests was
compared between groups, and agreement between test results of both tests was
evaluated.
Results Regarding the number of positive reactions, no statistically
significant difference was detected between groups in IDT (p=0.65) and
SAT (p=0.51). When comparing the 2 test systems, a weak correlation was
found for the allergens Tyrophagus putrescentiae (k=0.256),
Dermatophagoides farinae (k=0.276), and rye
(k=0.273). The most commonly observed reactions were to house dust
mites, storage mites, rye and nettle in IDT and to sheep sorrel, storage mites,
and house dust mites in SAT.
Conclusion and relevance IDT and SAT in cats with feline inflammatory
bronchial disease (FBD) cannot be used interchangeably for allergen detection.
Sensitization to environmental allergens can occur in cats with and without
airway inflammation. Therefore, a positive test result should always be assessed
in context with clinical signs and allergen exposure.
Subdermale Hyaluronsäureinjektion zur Behandlung eines
Oberlidentropiums bei einem Kaninchen
Authors: Drießen Freya 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Entropium wird in der Regel chirurgisch therapiert. Gerade bei
älteren Patienten und vor allem bei kleinen Heimtieren besteht
häufig ein nicht unerhebliches Narkoserisiko, welches häufig zur
Ablehnung der chirurgischen Therapie von Seiten der Besitzer führen
kann. Das im Folgenden vorgestellte, 9 Jahre alte Kaninchen litt unter einem
superfiziellen Hornhautulkus und einem Oberlidentropium. Die Lidstellung wurde
mittels subdermaler Hyaluronsäureinjektion (Alayna SG 24
Distinct®, BSC Medical Devices GmbH, München,
Deutschland) ohne Allgemeinanästhesie oder Sedierung erfolgreich
korrigiert. Nach 273 Tagen machte ein Rezidiv eine erneute Injektion notwendig,
die ebenfalls erfolgreich die Lidstellung korrigierte. Ein Entropium am
kontralateralen Auge während des Beobachtungszeitraums machte auch hier
eine Therapie notwendig. Die Anwendung von subdermal injizierter
Hyaluronsäure zeigte sich bei diesem Patienten als insgesamt
komplikationsfrei und erfolgreich.
Alveoläre Echinokokkose bei Mastschweinen in einem
konventionellen Haltungssystem
Authors: Igelbrink Ralf , Frey Tanja , Schwabe Ingo , Prot Manuel , Reimus Fenja , Oehme Rainer , Löwenstein Frederik 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIn einem konventionellen Schweinemastbetrieb in Süddeutschland wurden im
Jahresverlauf 2022 bis zu 100 % der Lebern einzelner Schlachtpartien
wegen parasitärer Läsionen beanstandet. Eine Intensivierung der
Antiparasitenmetaphylaxe mit Fenbendazol zur Bekämpfung von Ascaris
suum im Bestand blieb erfolglos. Im Rahmen einer pathomorphologischen
Untersuchung von 6 Lebern aus 2 Schlachtpartien konnten oligofokale bindegewebig
gekapselte Entzündungen festgestellt werden. Histologisch wurden eine
chronische granulomatöse Hepatitis mit massenhafter Beteiligung von
eosinophilen Granulozyten sowie zentrale parasitäre Strukturen eines
Helminthen nachgewiesen. Die Untersuchung der Leberläsionen mittels PCR
ergab den Nachweis von Echinococcus (E.) multilocularis. Zur
Ermittlung der Eintragsquelle in den Bestand wurden Kotproben von halbwild
lebenden Hauskatzen nahe des Futtermischers und im Stallgang entnommen.
Parasitologisch wurden Cestoden-Eier in den Kotproben nachgewiesen.
Genomfragmente von E. multilocularis konnten mittels PCR aus dem Kot
nicht amplifiziert werden. Im vorliegenden Fall wurden Hauskatzen als
wahrscheinlichste Eintragsquelle in den Bestand vermutet.
Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen zielten auf die Vermeidung des
Parasiteneintrags durch eine Therapie mit Antiparasitika der Hauskatzen ab.
Differentialdiagnostisch konnten mittels PCR und bakteriologischer Untersuchung
keine anderen in Frage kommenden Erreger nachgewiesen werden.
Applicant Perceptions of In-Person versus Virtual Interview Format for Surgical Retina Fellowship
Authors: Besagar Sonya , Patel Shriji , Vajzovic Lejla , Scott Adrienne W. , Ji Xiangyu , Chen Qingxia , Finn Avni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose This article compares applicants' perceptions of and experiences with virtual and in-person interviews for surgical retina fellowship.
Methods A survey was distributed via email to all applicants of three vitreoretinal surgery fellowship programs for the 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023 application cycles.
Main Outcome Measures Participants were surveyed regarding cost; burden of scheduling; number of applications and interviews completed; ability to gain a true feel of the program, location, and preceptor; and number of work and surgical days missed.
Results Of 151 applicants contacted, 36 completed the survey (23.8% response rate). Of the respondents, 25.0% attended only virtual interviews, 19.4% attended mostly virtual interviews, 30.6% attended mostly in-person interviews, and 25.0% attended half virtual and half in-person interviews. Average expenditure was significantly lower for applicants with mostly and completely virtual interviews compared with applicants with mostly in-person and half virtual, half in-person (p < 0.001). Applicants with mostly virtual interviews reported a lower ability to gain a true perception of the program and the program location (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was no difference in burden of scheduling, number of interviews completed, or number of work and surgical days missed. When applicants were asked what type of interview format they would prefer if they could repeat the cycle, those who interviewed mostly in-person largely chose in-person as their preference (72.7%), while participants who interviewed mostly or completely virtually were evenly split between in-person, virtual, and hybrid (p = 0.136).
Conclusion As fellowship programs and institutions decide whether they will return to in-person interviews or maintain a virtual interview format in the long term, they must weigh the lower cost of virtual interviews with the improved ability to gain a more accurate perception of the program and location allowed by in-person interviews, as well as potentially greater satisfaction with the in-person format.
On Liouville-type theorems for 𝑘-Hessian equations with gradient terms
Authors: Doerr Cameron , Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we investigate several Liouville-type theorems related to

k
k

-Hessian equations with non-linear gradient terms. More specifically, we study non-negative solutions to

S
k

[

D
2

u
]
≥
h
(
u
,

|

D
u

|

)

S_k[D^2u]\ge h(u,|Du|)

in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

. The results depend on some qualified growth conditions of

h
h

at infinity. A Liouville-type result to subsolutions of a prototype equation

S
k

[

D
2

u
]
=
f
(
u
)
+
g
(
u
)
ϖ
(

|

D
u

|

)

S_k[D^2u]=f(u)+g(u)\varpi (|Du|)

is investigated. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a non-trivial non-negative entire solution to

S
k

[

D
2

u
]
=
f
(
u
)
+
g
(
u
)

|

D
u

|

q

S_k[D^2u]=f(u)+g(u)|Du|^q

for

0
≤
q
>
k
+
1

0\le q>k+1

is also given.
Generic symmetry defect set of an algebraic curve
Authors: Dias L. , Farnik M. , Jelonek Z. 
Published: December 2023

Let

X
⊂

C

2
n

X \subset \mathbb {C}^{2n}

be an

n
n

-dimensional algebraic variety. We define the algebraic version of the generic symmetry defect set (Wigner caustic) of

X
X

. Moreover, we compute its singularities as well as degree, genus and Euler characteristic for

X
d

X_d

being a generic (smooth and transversal to the line at infinity) curve of degree

d
d

in

C

2

\mathbb {C}^2

.
Diagnosis of Malignant Pulmonary Nodules Using a Combination of Tumor-associated Autoantibodies and Computed Tomography
Authors: Liu Xiao , Shen Qing , Wen Yuchan , Jiang Zhijiao , Ma Zheng , Zeng Pinqiang , He Jian , Liao Yu , Huang Yong , Huang Jing 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Diagnosis of malignant pulmonary nodules can greatly reduce the occurrence of lung cancer death, and computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in diagnosis. In addition, tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) show high specificity and stability. We aim to establish a computable risk model of pulmonary nodules by combining CT with TAAb detection.

Methods:
The concentrations of 7 TAAbs (p53, PGP9.5, SOX2, GAGE7, GBU4-5, CAGE, MAGEA1, and CAGE) were assayed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 136 patients with pulmonary nodules (84 with newly diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma, 21 with squamous cell carcinoma, and 31 with benign nodules) and 42 control subjects without pulmonary nodules. We then drew receiver operating characteristic curves and conducted logistic regression to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of our method in the detection of lung cancer.

Results:
The positivity rate of the 7 TAAbs was 49.5%, and the specificity was 83.6%. Our regression results indicated 65% overall accuracy, 44.76% sensitivity, and 76.71% specificity. Notably, when combined with CT imaging and the demographic characteristics, diagnostic accuracy increased to 73.4%, sensitivity to 61.5%, and specificity to 87.1%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93% and 41%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our study provides a method that combines 7 serum TAAbs with imaging and demographic characteristics to diagnose malignant pulmonary nodules more accurately than existing methods.