bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Java 3D, 3D graphical environments and behaviour
Authors: Burrows Anthony L. , England David 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA brief outline of the structure of the Java 3D API as a means of producing graphical environments is provided. We then go on to examine issues in the development of a behaviour rich scene, in particular the issues of scene animation and collisions between scene objects. The animation issue is examined first, where issues of timing and architecture are considered. The Java 3D requirements for, and view of, collision are discussed next from a general perspective, identifying several problems with the implementation. Four simple scenes using animation and collision detection are examined. In each case a number of difficulties have been identified, partly related to the responsiveness of the operating system in the case of animation, but particularly due to the view and implementation of the collision detection system provided. Collisions often involve modifications to the states of all objects involved in the collision and some of the issues this raises in the context of Java 3D's provision are examined and reported on. Finally, we finish with a summary of our findings and conclusions on the suitability of Java 3D for building environments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MEADOW: a middleware for efficient access to multiple geographic databases through OpenGIS wrappers
Authors: Cha Sang K. , Kim Kihong , Lee Byung S. , Song Changbin , Hwang Sangyong , Kwon Yongsik 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWith the proliferation of various geographic databases on the Internet, we have seen increasing needs for accessing them concurrently and remotely via the Web for high‐level decision making. In this paper, we present Middleware for Efficient Access to Databases through OpenGIS Wrappers (MEADOW), an object‐oriented middleware system we have developed to meet these needs. Current OpenGIS standard addresses many interoperability issues involved in such a global utilization of geographic databases. However, existing Simple Feature specification for CORBA (SFCORBA) implementations of OpenGIS proved to be insufficient for MEADOW. The main problems are the complexity of system development and maintenance, and the inefficiency of accessing remote data servers for processing region queries. We resolved the complexity problem by automatically generating a major portion of the application code, specifically wrappers on database servers and client library modules called transparent access providers. A MEADOW view definition language was developed as a high‐level specification language for this purpose. The efficiency problem was resolved by using a region‐based group prefetching of spatial objects from a geographic region. In addition, we implemented an OID‐based semijoin for efficient global query processing, and a region‐level locking to enhance the level of concurrency among region queries. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Data collection and restoration for heterogeneous process migration
Authors: Chanchio Kasidit , Sun Xian‐He 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study presents a practical solution for data collection and restoration to migrate a process written in high‐level stack‐based languages such as C and Fortran over a network of heterogeneous computers. We first introduce a logical data model, namely the Memory Space Representation (MSR) model, to recognize complex data structures in process address space. Then, novel methods are developed to incorporate the MSR model into a process, and to collect and restore data efficiently. We have implemented prototype software and performed experiments on different programs. Experimental and analytical results show that: (1) a user‐level process can be migrated across different computing platforms; (2) semantic information of data structures in the process's memory space can be correctly collected and restored; (3) costs of data collection and restoration depend on the complexity of the MSR graph in the memory space and the amount of data involved; and (4) the implantation of the MSR model into the process is not a decisive factor of incurring execution overheads. With appropriate program analysis, we can practically achieve low overhead. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The BLISS programming language: a history
Authors: Brender Ronald F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe BLISS programming language was invented by William A. Wulf and others at Carnegie‐Mellon University in 1969, originally for the DEC PDP‐10. BLISS‐10 caught the interest of Ronald F. Brender of DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation). After several years of collaboration, including the creation of BLISS‐11 for the PDP‐11, BLISS was adopted as DEC's implementation language for use on its new line of VAX computers in 1975. DEC developed a completely new generation of BLISSs for the VAX, PDP‐10 and PDP‐11, which became widely used at DEC during the 1970s and 1980s. With the creation of the Alpha architecture in the early 1990s, BLISS was extended again, in both 32‐ and 64‐bit flavors. BLISS support for the Intel IA‐32 architecture was introduced in 1995 and IA‐64 support is now in progress.BLISS has a number of unusual characteristics: it is typeless, requires use of an explicit contents of operator (written as a period or ‘dot’), takes an algorithmic approach to data structure definition, has no goto, is an expression language, and has an unusually rich compile‐time language.This paper reviews the evolution and use of BLISS over its three decade lifetime. Emphasis is on how the language evolved to facilitate portable programming while retaining its initial highly machine‐specific character. Finally, the success of its characteristics are assessed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Case study of testing a distributed internet‐system
Authors: Goeschl Siegfried , Sneed Harry M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the testing strategy, methods and tools used for testing a distributed financial services system on the Internet with CORBA interfaces for handling a high volume of queries to a relational database. The new system architecture was derived by reengineering a previous more limited application. The paper starts with an outline of the software architecture, the testing requirements and the testing strategy. It then goes on to describe the tools used in the project and the results achieved. For the project a generic C++ integration test framework was developed especially for testing distributed components. This tool is described in detail. The paper ends with a discussion of the discovered defects and their distribution. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravenous self‐administration of amphetamine is increased in a rat model of depression
Authors: Holmes Philip V. , Masini Cher V. , Primeaux Stefany D. , Garrett Joshua L. , Zellner Andrew , Stogner Kimberly S. , Duncan Alicia A. , Crystal Jonathon D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAffective disorders and substance abuse frequently coexist, yet few previous studies have examined drug self‐administration using animal models of depression. The olfactory‐bulbectomized rat is a well‐established model that exhibits a high degree of neurochemical similarity to depression. Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) increases dopamine receptor densities in the ventral striatum, which may increase the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Experiments were designed to test the hypotheses that acquisition and stable self‐administration of amphetamine would be increased in bulbectomized rats. In the first experiment, rats underwent bilateral OBX or sham surgery and intravenous jugular catheters were implanted 12–14 days later. Acquisition was examined using a standard operant paradigm involving a nose‐poke response for a very low dose of D‐amphetamine sulfate (12 μg/infusion, IV). A separate group of rats received coinfusions of sulpiride. In a second experiment designed to minimize differences in acquisition and examine stable self‐administration, lever pressing for a low (0.10 mg/kg, IV) or high (0.25 mg/kg, IV) dose of D‐amphetamine sulfate was measured in rats pretrained to lever press for food. Bulbectomized rats acquired the self‐administration of very low dose amphetamine faster than sham‐operated rats and this effect was reversed by sulpiride coinfusion. Stable self‐administration of the low dose of amphetamine was also markedly increased in bulbectomized rats. The findings reveal the utility of the OBX model for studying the neurobiological basis of depression and drug abuse comorbidity and support the hypothesis that neurochemical abnormalities associated with depression may enhance the addictive properties of some drugs of abuse. Synapse 46:4–10, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When genres meet: Inquiry into a sixth‐grade urban science class
Authors: Varelas Maria , Becker Joe , Luster Barbara , Wenzel Stacy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study, we explore oral and written work (plays and rap songs) of students in a sixth‐grade all African‐American urban science class to reveal ways affective and social aspects are intertwined with students' cognition. We interpret students' work in terms of the meeting of various genres brought by the students and teachers to the classroom. Students bring youth genres, classroom genres that they have constructed from previous schooling, and perhaps their own science genres. Teachers bring their favored classroom and science genres. We show how students' affective reactions were an integral part of their constructed scientific knowledge. Their knowledge building emerged as a social process involving a range of transactions among students and between students and teacher, some transactions being relatively smooth and others having more friction. Along with their developing science genre, students portrayed elements of classroom genres that did not exist in the classroom genre that the teacher sought to bring to the class. Students' work offered us a glimpse of students' interpretations of gender dynamics in their classrooms. Gender also was related to the particular ways that students in that class included disagreement in their developing science genre. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 579–605, 2002
Constructive texturing based on hypervolume modeling
Authors: Schmitt B. , Pasko A. , Adzhiev V. , Schlick C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe concept of solid texturing is extended in two directions: constructive modeling of space partitions for texturing and modeling of multidimensional textured objects called hypervolumes. A hypervolume is considered as a point set with attributes of both physical (density, temperature, etc.) and photometric (color, transparency, diffuse and specular reflections, etc.) nature. The point set geometry and attributes are modeled independently using real‐valued scalar functions of several variables. Each real‐valued function defining geometry or an attribute is evaluated at the given point by a procedure traversing a constructive tree structure with primitives in the leaves and operations in the nodes of the tree. This approach provides a framework for modeling, texturing and visualization of 3D solids, time‐dependent and multidimensional objects in a completely uniform manner. We introduced a special modeling language and implemented software tools supporting the proposed approach. The concept of constructive hypervolume textures is independent of the geometry representation. We provide examples of textured Frep and BRep objects as illustrations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duiker food selection: Palatability trials using natural foods in the Ituri Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Molloy Lisa , Hart John A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCafeteria‐style palatability feeding trials were conducted with captive duikers in the Ituri Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo. Blue duikers (Cephalophus monticola; n = 3), and white‐bellied duikers (C. leucogaster; n = 3), were offered unlimited amounts of paired foods in two experiments consisting of 20 feeding trials each. Five different foods, including fruits and flowers common to duiker diets, were used in each experiment. Preferred foods were determined by the quantities of foods consumed and ranked using the Bradley‐Terry model for preference data. Chemical composition, including fiber fractions, protein, and soluble carbohydrates, was determined for foods offered. Blue duikers made consistent food choices in both experiments, whereas white‐bellied duikers displayed consistent preferences in Experiment 2. The choices by the white‐bellied duiker in Experiment 1 were not consistent and appeared to vary at random. The two duiker species had different food preference rankings in Experiment 1, but similar rankings in Experiment 2. The number of times a food was preferred was correlated with the amount of food consumed in both experiments for the white‐bellied duiker and only in Experiment 2 for the blue duiker. Food rankings were not significantly correlated with the chemical constituents assayed, or the size or shape of the food. For blue duikers, consumption in Experiment 1 and Bradley‐Terry rank preference in Experiment 2 were significantly correlated with food color. In summary, duiker selection of natural foods appears to be based on a variety of factors, and is not limited to chemical composition or physical characteristics. Zoo Biol 21:149–159, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of hand‐rearing on the reproductive success of western lowland gorillas in North America
Authors: Ryan Sadie , Thompson Steven D. , Roth Amber M. , Gold Kenneth C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study sought to assess the potential effects of hand‐rearing by evaluating the relationships among rearing type and reproductive success in the American Zoo and Aquarium Association's Species Survival Plan® for western lowland gorillas. Our study included data on 697 gorillas: 257 wild‐born (WB) and 440 born at zoos or related facilities in North America. We found no significant differences in the number of reproductive zoo‐born (ZB) and WB females, but more WB males sired infants than their ZB counterparts. This was influenced by a skew in the number of reproductive years for WB males in the studbook. ZB males showed no difference in infants produced per reproductive year, as compared to WB males, while ZB females produced more infants per reproductive year than did WB females. Mother‐reared (MR), ZB females produced more offspring and used more reproductive opportunity than hand‐reared (HR) females, whereas rearing had no effect on the reproductive success of ZB males. Moreover, MR and partially hand‐reared (PHR) females were more likely to become nurturing mothers themselves. Zoo Biol 21:389–401, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of benzo(a)pyrene and methyl(acetoxymethyl) nitrosamine on thymidine uptake and induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human fetal oesophageal cells in culture.
Authors: Chakradeo P. P. , Kayal J. J. , Bhide S. V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrimary cultures of human fetal oesophageal cells were set up and maintained for 45 days. Epithelial cells were the dominant cell type in the culture for the first four weeks. Thereafter, both epithelial cells and fibroblasts were seen with the fibroblasts becoming the dominant cell type by the 6th week and until the cultures degenerated. The tritiated thymidine uptake showed an upward trend from day 10 up to day 30, with peak uptake at day 30 in the untreated, B(a)P treated and OAc treated cultures and decreased thereafter. The thymidine uptake levels were significantly higher in the B(a)P treated cultures when compared with levels in the untreated cultures. A concurrent increase/decrease was also seen in the cell number in all the three groups of cultures. Cultures with B(a)P and DMN‐OAc showed significantly higher AHH levels as compared with untreated cultures. These results indicate that the human fetal oesophageal cells could be viably maintained under in vitro conditions for long periods of time and also showed capacity to metabolise the carcinogens through aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity.
In vitro studies on chemoprotective effect of purnark against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes.
Authors: Ghaisas S. D. , Bhide S. V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHuman lymphocytes were used as an assay system to test chemopreventive activity of natural products. Purnark, a mixture of extracts of turmeric, betel leaf and catechu, was tested for its chemoprotective activity against BP induced DNA damage. Sister chromatid exchange and micronuclei were used as markers to assess the protective activity of Purnark. Purnark gave 50‐60 % protection against BP induced SCEs and micronuclei. Purnark at 1000μg dose did not show any genotoxicity.
Effect of hyaluronan on the elastase‐type activity of human skin fibroblasts.
Authors: Bernard Emmanuelle , Hornebeck William , Robert Ladislas 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe influence of hyaluronan (HA) on the expression of human skin fibroblast elastase‐type protease (HSFEp) (Homsy et al, 1988) was studied. At confluency of HSF cultures, hyaluronan increased the level of HSFEp in a time and dose‐dependent fashion, Optimal effect was observed after 48 h of culture and at 2 mg/ml HA concentration; the stimulatory, effect of HA could be suppressed by 1 μM cycloheximide. The enhancement of enzyme biosynthesis by HA was dependent on cell proliferation but quasi invariant with HSF passage number (from 7‐21).
Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the human vestibular end‐organs
Authors: Ishiyama Akira , Lopez Ivan , Wackym Phillip A. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTAcetylcholine (ACh) is believed to play a major role in the efferent vestibular system in several animal models, however no information regarding the role of ACh in the human efferent vestibular system has been published. Post‐embedding immunohistochemistry in a hydrophilic resin was used to investigate the choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity (ChATi) and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) histochemistry in human vestibular end‐organs. ChATi and AChE activity was found in numerous bouton‐type terminals at the basal area of the vestibular hair cells. These terminals were found to contact type II vestibular hair cells and the afferent chalices surrounding type I hair cells. This study provides the first evidence that the human efferent vestibular axons and terminals are cholinergic.
Behaviour of dissociated hypoblast cells on the basal lamina and on extracellular fibrils in the gastrulating chicken embryo.
Authors: Andries Luc , Harrisson Fernand , Vakaet Lucien 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe spreading behaviour of dissociated hypoblast cells on and besides a band of aligned fibrils associated with the basal lamina of the epiblast was investigated by the use of scanning electron microscopy. A horse‐shaped band of aligned fibrils, first demonstrated by Wakely and England (1979), is present during the gastrulation stages of chicken embryos on the ventral side of the epiblast at the cranial and lateral borders of the area pellucida. The basal lamina of the area pellucida situated inside the fibrillar band enables the spreading and probably the locomotion of dissociated cells, which appeared as polarized cells. Numerous cells were also found on the fibrillar band, and these cells lacked distinct lamellae and a polarized shape. Extensions of the cells contacted the extracellular fibrils and, at these sites of contact, the pattern of the fibrils was frequently deformed. From these observations and from previous results emerged the concept that spreading and locomotion of dissociated hypoblast cells, as well as single mesoblast cells and healing hypoblast epithelium, are inhibited by the band of extracellular fibrils, which acts as a physical barrier. The cell biological basis of the mechanism by which extracellular fibrils associated with the basal lamina arrest the migration of hypoblast and mesoblast cells, but guide the migration of primordial germ cells, is discussed.
Cycle delay in irradiated cytochalasin‐induced polykaryons. Does cytoskeleton status affect cell cycle checkpoints?
Authors: Davies H. E. , Court J. B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFollowing exposure of CHO‐K1 cells to137Cs irradiation at doses up to 20Gy, a delay in G2 was observed to occur in cells permitted to divide normally, while cells induced to become giants by means of cytochalasin B demonstrated a minimal delay in the transition 2C–8C suggesting that the inhibition of cytokinesis results in modification of one or more cell cycle checkpoints. We postulate that this may occur as a consequence of damage tolerance, or by a feedback loop resulting from the reorganisation of the cytoskeleton that precludes cytokinesis.
Effects of K+‐induced depolarization and purinergic receptor activation on elemental content in insulin‐producing RINm5F‐cells.
Authors: Pålsgård Eva , Lindh Ulf , Juntti‐Berggren Lisa , Berggren Per‐Olof , Roomans Godfried M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractX‐ray microanalysis was used to detect elemental changes in the insulin‐producing tumor cell‐line RINm5F. To improve discrimination between mobile ions and ions bound to macromolecules a new approach was employed, consisting of multivariate statistical analysis of correlations between the concentrations of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca. RINm5F cells, cultured on Formvar‐coated titanium grids, were stimulated with high K+ or ATP, that are both known to stimulate insulin release. The buffers used contained Ca2+ or one of the Ca2+‐analogues Sr2+ and Ba2+, to represent Ca2+ uptake in response to stimulation. After stimulation the cells were shock‐frozen and freeze‐dried overnight. Incubation for 10‐20 seconds in a Ca2+‐containing buffer did not significantly affect elemental composition, whereas cellular Mg, P and K decreased in a Sr2+‐containing buffer. Depolarization with high K+ concentration caused an increase in the cellular Na content, both in Ca2+‐ and Sr2+‐containing buffers, but not in the buffer where Ca2+ had been replaced by Ba2+. X‐ray microanalysis is useful for detection of elemental changes subsequent to stimulation of cultured cells. Moreover, multivariate statistical analysis strengthens the idea that stimulation of RINm5F cells causes redistribution of ions possibly due to changes in the state of binding of some elements to cellular proteins.
Distribution of fibronectin in foetal tissues.
Authors: Trebichavsky Ilja , Nyklicek Otakar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe distribution of fibronectin in tissues of four human foetuses (7‐14 gestation weeks/GW) and twenty seven pig foetuses (25‐114 days of gestation) was investigated using immunofluorescence and avidin/biotin methods. Fibronectin was abundant in the circulatory and gastrointestinal system and its derivates, in reticular stroma of immune organs, and in connective tissues and chorionic villi at all developmental stages.
Dye‐coupling between term pregnant human myometrial cells before labor: Carboxyfluorescein versus lucifer yellow
Authors: Çiray H. Nadir , Persson Bo‐Eric , Roomans Godfried M. , Ulmsten Ulf 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTerm pregnant human myometrial cells in whole mounts were microinjected by pressure with the fluorescent probes Lucifer Yellow and carboxyfluorescein. Tissues obtained from acute and elective sections displayed weak dye‐coupling when injected with Lucifer Yellow. Injection of carboxyfluorescein into cells from the elective sections resulted in a more extensive dye‐coupling than that observed with Lucifer Yellow. These results indicate that term pregnant human myometrial cells are metabolically coupled before labor and carboxyfluorescein is superior to Lucifer Yellow in detecting the coupling.