bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nation Building: The Formulation of the Estonian Swedish Identity, 1870–1940
Authors: Rausing Sigrid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Part One of this book I considered the question of the redefinitions of identity in the post-Soviet transition. I looked at the relationship between culture and ideology, the charged symbolism of the transition, and the symbolic meaning of various forms of gift exchange, consumption, and aid. It became evident that there was a complex interplay between representations of the future, the present, and the past, which might be described as an alliance of consciousness between the past and the future against the experience of the present, or an alliance of the ‘normal’ against the ‘not normal’. The past, consequently, had to be reconfigured in various forms of myth and precedents. It follows that, to understand the tensions and desires of the present, we need to re-examine materials that relate to the past both as history and as a resource for constructing an image of a potential future.
Conflict of Laws and Commercial Remedies: Comment
Authors: Reed Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any useful criticism of the rules distinguishing between substantive and procedural remedies issues must take account of the fact that distinctions between legal systems as to remedies, and particularly as to the quantum of general damages, the law of remoteness of damage, and the availability of disclosure are representative of deep-seated cultural divides between the differing societies that those systems regulate. How much should a person be entitled to recover for the loss of an arm, the loss of the right to bear a child, the loss of a parent, or the loss of a reputation? The answers which society gives in Southern California are very different from the answers given in Bangladesh. One example may serve to illustrate.
Ec Law In Judicial Review— An Overview
Authors: Gordon Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subject of this book is EC law as applied in the national courts by way of judicial review. It is not a work concerned with the overall substantive content of EC law or, indeed, with the working of the EC institutions. Nor is it directed to the enforcement of Save and insofar as substantive EC law has, in particular areas, a relationship with national public law. Part III addresses particular areas of EC law which have given rise to domestic public law issues. That is, the European Parliament, the European Council, and the European Commission. It is though concerned with the case law of the ECJ.
Non-Retroactivity
Authors: Gordon Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Non-retroactivity is a general principle of EC law. As with other general principles, it is used both as a principle of interpretation and as one conferring substantive protection. This means that the Administrative Court—or other national court where public law issues are raised—must apply non-retroactivity in its discrete EC form in those judicial review challenges falling within the scope of EC law. Although (see para 9.86 et seq.) both domestic and HRA law have a similar principle there are distinctions and constraints on non-retroactivity in EC law that do not find formal recognition elsewhere. In essence, non-retroactivity—where it operates as a legal constraint—prevents a Community or relevant national legislative measure from having effect in respect of a period prior to its publication.
Prophecy and Patronage: The Relationship between Charismatic Functionaries and Household OYcers in Early Christianity
Authors: Alistair Stewart-Sykes 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the nineteenth century, and throughout the twentieth, a consensus was built that oYce as such did not exist in early Christianity but developed at a later stage. This consensus has been described at length by Burtchaell and by Brockhaus, and for this reason there will be no attempt to repeat the description at any length. In essence the consensus holds not only that the earliest generation of Christians knew no oYce and that the emergence of oYces was a later development, but that in the absence of any oYce, congregations were ordered by the Spirit in an unmediated manner. Of course there is great variety of detail amongst exponents of the consensus, but this brief statement will suYce for the present.
Development Policy and Human Rights
Authors: Williams Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are two reasons for selecting development policy as central for examining the extent of incoherence in the EU’s human rights approaches. First, development co-operation has been an important component of the Community’s institutional structure ever since the Treaty of Rome. It has formed a focus for external relations and has been invariably affected by the Community’s initiatives in foreign policy. European Political Co-operation, its successor the Common Foreign and Security Policy, and the external commercial policy frameworks have all played significant roles in relations with developing states. Tracking the progression of development policy therefore provides the opportunity to consider perhaps the most complete expression of human rights in an external context. Secondly, the field of development represents the location where the Community confronts its ‘other’, those not of Europe, the ‘uncivilized’, ‘undeveloped’, ‘strangers’, in a structured and institutional manner. Through law, rhetoric, and practice the Community has defined its relationship with the ‘South’. The part played by human rights in this process has been a vital one. Consequently, an analysis of development policy will provide a detailed picture against which the internal condition of human rights practice can be compared.
Accession to the Community and Human Rights
Authors: Williams Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any exploration of the incoherence of the Community’s human rights policies would be incomplete without consideration of the approach adopted in the enlargement process. In no other policy dimension is the contrast between the external and internal made quite so stark. For here, third party states on the cusp of entry to the European club experience a strange and ambiguous position. On the one hand they are subjected to human rights requirements and demands to ensure that their membership application proceeds and on the other they can view the prospect of being encompassed by a rights regime of a different hue once they achieve full entry to the Community. The nature of that difference tells a great deal about the extent of incoherence in the Community’s policies.
The Scope of Internal-External Incoherence
Authors: Williams Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The review of the Community’s development and accession policies revealed three main areas of discursive and practical human rights activity: first, in the formulation of the definitions of rights, secondly, in the methods of surveillance adopted, and thirdly, in the powers of enforcement assumed. These components provide useful parameters for undertaking the comparison with the Community’s internal policy. The extent of the alleged incoherence between internal and external affairs can then be mapped more accurately.
To talk of ‘human rights’ as a recognized and established body of principles and concepts would be fallacious. The subject has been and remains contentious. The contents and meanings of the term are fluid and open to debate. Such has been the character of the international discourse for the past fifty years or more.
Explaining Incoherence: the Orthodox Arguments
Authors: Williams Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter makes the case that incoherence between the Community’s internal and external human rights practices and policies is both significant and deeply imbedded. Although the full extent of the distinction might rarely, if ever, have been acknowledged institutionally or academically there has been a willingness to accept that some disparity exists. As a consequence, various arguments can be constructed from what is a highly limited literature on the subject to explain the condition. However, few if any of the commentaries have sought to acknowledge, let alone look deeply into, the incoherence phenomenon. Nonetheless, the purpose of this chapter is to explore these extracted interpretations and to consider their contribution to aiding our understanding of the issue.
On Sectoral Specificities in the Geography; of Corporate Location
Authors: Bottazz1 G1uuo , Dosi Giovanni , Fagiolo Giorgio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The very fact that ‘space matters in economic activity ‘ does not intuitively come as any big news irrespective of the angle from which one tries to interpret the observed spatial distributions of firms, plants, workers, manufacturing output, etc. After all, plenty of evidence witnesses for distributions that are very far from uniform ones, defined on whatever scale, e.g. countries, departments, regions, states, etc.
Complex Knowledge
Authors: Tsoukas Haridimos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book, Haridimos Tsoukas, one of the most imaginative organization theorists of our time, examines the nature of knowledge in organizations, and how individuals and scholars approach the concept of knowledge. Tsoukas firstly looks at organizational knowledge and its embessedness in social contexts and forms of life. He shows that knowledge is not just a collection of free floating representations of the world to be used at will, but an activity constitute of the world. On the one hand, the organization as an institutionalized system does produce regularities that can be captured via propositional forms of knowledge. On the other, the organization as practice as a lifeworld, or as an open-ended system produce stories, values, and shared traditions which can only be captured by narrative forms of knowledge. Secondly, Tsoukas looks at the issue of how individuals deal with the notion of complexity in organizations: Our inability to reduce the behavior of complex organizations to their constituent parts. Drawing on concepts such as discourse, narrativity, and reflexivity, he adopts a hermeneutical approach to the issue. Finally, Tsoukas examines the concept of meta-knowledge, and how we know what we know. Arguing that the underlying representationalist epistemology of much of mainstream management causes many problems, he advocates adopting a more discursive approach. He describes what such an epistemology might be, and illustrates it with examples from organization studies and strategic management. An ideal introduction to the thinking of a leading organizational theorist, this book will be essential reading for academics, researchers, and students of Knowledge Management, Organization Studies, Management Studies, Business Strategy and Applied Epistemology.
Do We Really Understand Tacit Knowledge?
Authors: Tsoukas Haridimos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IT is often argued that knowledge is fundamental to the functioning of late modern economies (Drucker 1993; Stehr 1994; Thurow 2000). ‘Well, what’s new here?’, a sceptic might ask. ‘Knowledge has always been implicated in the process of economic development, since anything we do, how we transform resources into products and services, crucially depends on the knowledge we have at our disposal for effecting such a transformation. An ancient artisan, a medieval craftsman and his apprentices, and a modern manufacturing system all make use of knowledge: certain skills, techniques, and procedures are employed for getting things done’.
Introduction: Changing Capitalisms? Internationalization, Institutional Change, and Systems of Economic Organization
Authors: Morgan Glenn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last decade has seen a remarkable resurgence of interest in the differences between market economies and their roots in contrasting institutional arrangements. Whether comparing business systems, social systems of production, forms of regulation or varieties of capitalism, many studies have emphasized the viability and persistence of distinctive systems of economic coordination and control in developed market economies (Berger and Dore 1996; Boyer and Drache 1996; Crouch and Streeck 1997; Hall and Soskice 2001; Hollingsworth and Boyer 1997; Quack et al. 2000; Whitley 1999; Whitley and Kristensen 1996, 1997). These systems vary between institutional contexts, especially those governing capital and labour markets, and have been shown to generate contrasting economic outcomes, particularly in terms of technological development.
Not Such A ‘Timid Thing’: The Uk’s Integrity Right And Freedom Of Expression
Authors: Griffiths Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The potential conflict between the proprietary rights of copyright owners and the public’s right of freedom of expression has now been recognized as a significant issue deserving detailed attention. This collection of essays provides ample evidence of that attention. By contrast, there has been little consideration of the relationship between freedom of expression and the non-proprietary, or moral, right of integrity. In the common law world, such lack of interest ought not to be surprising. Where integrity rights exist. When this conflict is examined today in Canada, and especially from a Quebec perspective, one is immediately confronted with the federal nature of the country.
Freedom of Expression and Copyright Under Civil Law: Of Balance, Adaptation, and Access
Authors: Strowel Alain , Tulkens François 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
European copyright lawyers have not pondered very seriously the impact of freedom of expression on their field. All too often, they have failed to con- sider the requirements that freedom of expression imposes on the contours of copyright, and some copyright scholars still profess, or at least tacitly believe, that copyright should remain immune from free speech concerns. Interestingly, the same opm10n is sometimes shared by copyright lawyers as to the relationship between copyright and competition law: some IP purists maintain that IP should remain immune from any claims arising out of competition law concerns. This extreme view is of course as unacceptable as the one chat competition law always trumps intellectual property law, a view apparently popular among competition lawyers.
Suffering, Humility, and Transgressive Piety
Authors: Wolfson Elliot R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the fourth and final chapter I shall explore the inculcation of the pietistic ideal of spiritual poverty, which provides us with a paradigmatic marker to mark the path to and from an ethics beyond ethics, an ethics that rests on a foundation not subject to the binary of good and evil. My analysis revolves about a presumed transvaluation of values, a process that may be referred to, paradoxically, as holding the centre at the margins. For many kabbalists, modesty and humility are primary values that ought to guide one’s way of walking in the world. The paramount act of devotion is linked to the task of becoming poor in the eyes of the other. The paragon of poverty does not necessarily entail financial hardship, even though some kabbalists have indeed maintained that spiritual wealth is in inverse proportion to economic deprivation, and that those who are in fact impoverished are to be treated as saintly by others who are more privileged.
EC Public Procurement: Case Law and Regulation
Authors: Bovis Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public procurement represents a specialist yet important area of practice in the European and international business and commercial legal environment. This book offers an inclusive, coherent and practical analysis of the relevant law and jurisprudence, with the principal focus on the case law of the European Court of Justice in the public procurement field. The author provides the reader with a taxonomy of the themes and reasoning that has been used by the Court, and a convenient conceptual framework for practitioners and academics alike.
The Blissful Sight of the Trinity
Authors: Saward John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first thing our painter was asked to do was to produce a picture of Heaven, with the Blessed Trinity at its centre: First there must be the form of Paradise, and in this Paradise must be the Holy Trinity. Quarton ’s altarpiece allows us to see on earth, by image and with our bodily eyes, what we hope to see in Heaven, by essence and with the eyes of our intellect made glorious: God, One and Triune.
The University of Louvain at the End of the Sixteenth Century: Coping with Crisis
Authors: Lanoye Diederik , Vandermeersch Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is necessary that His Majesty should provide sufficiently, for otherwise, [the University of Louvain] is in immediate danger of dissolving, because of the want and danger in Louvain. Were this to happen, God only knows when it will be re-established. And everyone can determine the damage that would be caused by the loss of such a famous and important university, out of which have come so many men, excelling in all forms of science and especially in theology, who have been the champions of our holy religion against the heretics in those regions.
Terms Of Reference
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘One of the most popular comedies of the seventeenth century was Thomas Shadwell’s The Virtuoso in which the virtuoso of the title is a scientiﬁc theorist, Sir Nicholas Gimcrack, who is found imitating the movements of a frog in order to learn how to swim. “I content myself with the speculative part of swimming,” he declares, “I care not for the Practick ”‘ Financial law is rooted in practice, and the purely theoretical swimmer is likely to sink. This book offers a conceptual scheme that aims to help lawyers in their business, which is of course to get wet.
Transaction Types
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the contracts that create simple financial positions. Law, practice and (for some purposes) regulation divide such contracts into different categories. These categories include guarantees, insurance, derivatives, standby credits, and performance bonds. These are discussed briefly in turn in sections 4.2 to 4.6 below. Alternative arrangements achieving outcomes similar to simple positions, namely comfort letters, and joint and several liability, are discussed briefly in section 4.7.
Overview
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whereas Part II related to simple positions, Part III turns to funded positions. The legal and operational means by which risk is taken differs in the cases of simple and funded positions as follows. With simple positions, the exposure of the risk taker has the form of a promise. The risk taker agrees to pay the protection buyer or beneficiary upon the occurrence of certain events. But promises may be broken, and reliance on a promise involves exposure to credit risk. In contrast, with funded positions, the exposure of the risk taker has the form of a payment, which is to be restored if and to the extent that the risks in question do not materialize.
Overview
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A fundamental problem of the human condition is exposure to unforeseeable and uncontrollable hazards. Historic responses to this problem have included stoicism, faith, and magic. Contemporary Western society’s response to a wide range of risks includes financial law, so that banks and insurance companies now perform the roles previously performed by philosophers, priests, and magicians. Financial law synthetically approximates a known and controlled future, by prospectively diverting the costs of misfortune from protection buyers to risk takers.
Conclusions
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Financial law is a vast, complex, and fast-moving subject, of which this book merely sketches the outlines. But the book does suggest a couple of simple conclusions. The fi rst is the need to respond to sectoral convergence. The second is the further need to assess critically the success of judicial and statutory regulation in protecting the risk taker. The book closes with a note on fi nancial law and imagination.
The Origins of ‘The Second World War’
Authors: Reynolds David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is now impossible to imagine the twentieth century without the terms ‘First World War’ and ‘Second World War’. Together they define the first half of the century, with the ‘pre-war’ and ‘inter-war’ eras as punctuation marks. They also conjure up the ultimate horror, World War III, lurid imaginings of which helped prevent the Cold War from turning hot. Yet use of the phrase ‘world war’ for these conflicts was by no means axiomatic.
Financial Assistance for the Acquisition of Shares
Authors: Roberts Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a practical guide to the subject of financial assistance for the acquisition of shares, in which the authors give a detailed analysis of the current legislation and a critical review of the relevant case law. Financial assistance is a complex, technical and highly regulated aspect of company law, and mistakes have serious civil consequences and criminal sanctions. This book assists practitioners with the interpretation of this difficult area of law and allows them to advise with confidence. Financial assistance is one of the most challenging areas of company law. It is renowned for causing practical difficulties and for the risk involved of giving advice on this area. This book seeks to interpret the position of financial assistance by close reference to the statutory material and abundant case law. Part I deals with the derivation of the legislation and sets out the legislation verbatim with a commentary thereon. Part II contains further analysis of the component parts of the prohibition on the giving of financial assistance. Part III offers factual and critical analysis of some of the most significant cases on this area of the law. The relevant cases will also be cited in Part I and II.
Financial Assistance and the Companies Act 1981
Authors: Roberts Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The statutory prohibition on the provision of financial assistance by a company for the acquisition of its shares was recast completely by sections 42 to 44 (inclusive) of the Companies Act 1981. The Companies Act 1981 received the Royal Assent on 30 October 1981. This legislation joined the Companies Act 1948 and three additional Companies Acts of 1967, 1976, and 1980 as the legislation governing companies.
Exemption for Solvent Private Companies—Sections 155–158 of the Companies Act 1985
Authors: Roberts Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Solvent private companies only are exempted from the prohibitions set out in section 151 of the Companies Act 1985 provided there is due and proper compliance with the provisions of sections 155 to 158 (inclusive) of that Act. The impact of these important sections is to provide a statutory regime for private companies to follow in order to be free of the prohibitions set out in section 151 of the 1985 Act. The legislation sets out a precise procedure and timetable which must be followed. This procedure is popularly referred to as the ‘whitewash’ procedure. The directors of a company play a vital role in the process. Their opinion concerning the financial position of the company is subject to the scrutiny of the company’s auditors, and approval of the members is generally required by way of a special resolution. In addition, provision is made for some degree of protection for minority shareholders.