bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthony Tuckney’s Anti-Socinian Lecture on the Divinity of Christ
Authors: Slavinski Sergiej 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter evaluates Anthony Tuckney’s probationary lecture on John 17:3 at the University of Cambridge in 1656, which reflected the Reformed exegetical response to Socinian exegesis during Cromwell’s England. In his Latin lecture, Tuckney defended the divinity of Christ against Socinianism, an anti-Trinitarian movement that used John 17:3 to argue that only God the Father is the ‘true God’, thereby excluding Christ and the Spirit from the Godhead. According to Tuckney, the Socinians made John 17:3 ‘their chief weapon and place it at the front of their battle line’. The chapter fills in the lacuna on the 1650s Cambridge response to the challenge of Socinianism and updates the understanding of Tuckney’s Reformed scholasticism. In doing so, it presents the first English translation of Tuckney’s lecture along with an introduction and annotated text.
Nigel Aston, Enlightened Oxford: The University and the Cultural and Political Life of Eighteenth-Century Britain and Beyond (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023), pp. xxiv + 819
Authors: Darwall-Smith Robin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a review of Nigel Aston’s Enlightened Oxford; The University and the Cultural and Political Life of Eighteenth-Century Britain and Beyond (2023). Aston is not afraid to defend Georgian Oxford to the hilt; he regularly emphasises Oxford University’s national and international importance. He argues that ‘at no point should Oxford be considered intellectually at a clear remove from what one might call the moderate Enlightenment’. Aston rightly observes that contemporary scholarship finds it hard to believe that Christianity was anything other than central to enlightened intellectual activity at this time. The chapter then details the three main parts of the book: ‘Intellectual Presence’, ‘Institutional Presence and Interactions’, and ‘Cultural Constructions, Connections and Tensions’. The first part examines what people studied at Oxford, the second part discusses political matters, while the third part explores the complex links between Oxford and the rest of the country.
What Is It Like to Be an Addict?
Authors: 9780199388943  , Flanagan Owen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In What Is It Like to Be an Addict?, Owen Flanagan, an internationally acclaimed philosopher of mind and ethics, offers a state-of-the-art assessment of addiction science and proposes a new integrated model for understanding and explaining substance addiction. Flanagan has deep personal knowledge of what it is like to be an addict. He was one. And he has encyclopedic knowledge of the philosophy of mind, psychology, neuroscience, and the ethics and politics of addiction. At present, addiction theorizing is divided sharply between advocates of the view that addiction is a brain disorder and views that conceive addiction in psychological and social terms. What Is It Like to Be an Addict? offers a way out of this impasse by integrating the testimony of addicts with psychology, neuroscience, sociology, and cultural anthropology. The new model has important implications for the ethics and politics of addiction.
The Addict’s Point of View
Authors: Flanagan Owen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter distinguishes the problem of addiction from four other related problems: widespread recreational use, the overdose epidemic, deaths of despair, and high mortality among the young. It argues for the necessity of the addict’s point of view for understanding and explaining addiction. We are introduced to the ten main themes of the book: Phenomenology (its importance); subjective and objective (tensions between how things seem to the addict and how things look to the behavioral and brain science that study addiction); addiction and identity; semantic issues; the disunity of addiction; failure of totalizing explanations; responsibility of addicts; willing, unwilling, and resigned addiction; shame for addiction; and the positive and negative ways Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous frame popular understanding of addiction.
What Is It Like to Be an Addict?
Authors: Flanagan Owen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Addiction is best conceived as a psychobiological behavioral disorder. A common identifying feature of an addiction is that the addict (because of their relationship to a drug) undermines the aims they have for their own life. Sometimes they see this; sometimes they don’t. The common feature is, at first pass, existential, not neural, social, or psychological. The existential view is compatible with many social, psychological, and neural views, but they are not all compatible with the existential view. The chapter then explains how phenomenology—the study of how things seem from the subject’s point of view—can assist in understanding the appeals of different drugs to different people. The story of the author’s addiction as well as the testimony of other addicts supports the claim that the existential criterion of addiction is the tie that binds them, not any distinctive causal history or neural regularity.
Identity and Addiction
Authors: Flanagan Owen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many addictions originate in following lineage community practices that model approved substance-use norms and scripts. Cocktail hour; drinking at weddings and funerals; smoking pot before a concert; doing lines of coke at the dance club; and/or in the following practices of adolescent communities that try something new, different, or edgy—Ecstasy and Viagra, say. Many addicts come to identify with their addiction as part of a lifestyle, as a way of belonging to particular communities. The chapter discusses: 1. a variety of autobiographical and literary testimonies of addicts that reveal the ways addictions can be identity absorbing, how this grounds ambivalence about giving up an addiction; 2. arguments about whether we should think of the identity constituting aspects of many addictions as an essential aspect of the addiction, as a part of the reckoning involved in recovery.
Ritual Language and Police Discretion
Authors: Das Sonia N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The intersection of law enforcement, racial bias, and speech acts has been insightfully explored in the anthropological literature. This chapter examines how the use of ritual language in a police–civilian interaction during a traffic stop, such as when an officer reads civilians their Miranda Rights or asks them to take a sobriety test, functions as an avoidance strategy in response to racist talk. By analyzing speech acts in several video-recorded events, I investigate how the communicative parameters of social action are refracted through the logic of police discretion to entail a favorable outcome for an older White civilian, who utters anti-Black racist language in conversation with a younger White police officer without facing punitive consequences. This chapter theorizes how stancetaking acts of affiliation between two White persons challenge language ideologies requiring listeners to spontaneously, transparently, and forcefully denounce racist talk, thereby reinforcing white supremacist practices in American law enforcement.
Children’s Economic and Social Rights
Authors: Tobin John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A chapter on “children’s economic and social rights” implies a divisible and disaggregated concept within the corpus children’s rights. This chapter interrogates this idea, noting the special status of children within human rights law. It takes a doctrinal perspective in order to examine the special obligations on states with respect to the rights of children. It also analyzes the constructed and artificial nature of the distinction between civil and political rights, and economic and social rights. Finally, it addresses the serious challenges facing the effective implementation of all children’s rights. Particular attention is drawn to the need to bridge what is termed the “disciplinary divide” and shift the conception of children from a welfare-based approach, which highlights the apparent deficits and vulnerability of children, to a rights-based approach, which recognizes their strengths and evolving capacities.
Transing Holodeck Realism in Video Games
Authors: Mejeur Cody 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Taking Janet Murray’s theorization of the holodeck and the hegemony of high-fidelity graphics and photorealism in mainstream games as its starting points, this chapter turns to trans video games to build a theory of trans realism, extending work on the trans real by scholars such as micha cárdenas and Cáel M. Keegan. In sharp contrast to the narrow definition of holodeck realism provided in mainstream gaming, trans video games (which are often developed independently from large studios by individuals or small teams including trans people) offer a different and transformative type of realism that eschews graphical supremacy in favor of creating affective, personal, and glitchy realities. As examples of this trans realism, the chapter examines trans games like Dys4ia (Anna Anthropy 2012) that represent trans realities and embodiments through the feel of their mechanics, those like Curtain (Dreamfeel 2014) that represent queer and trans realities through low fidelity graphics, and those like Sin Sol (Critical Realities Studio 2020) that represent present and future trans realities through memory and glitch. Through the processes highlighted in these games, trans video games effectively trans holodeck realism. Thus, they realize the feminist potential of storytelling with digital media that Murray identified but that has often been lost in games in the years since.
Global Realism and the Gothic Genre
Authors: Bowers Katherine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the gothic as a genre in terms of theories of literary realism, providing a context for the concept of gothic realism. Gothic realism has come to inform a critical trend that seeks to analyze the incursion of generically gothic elements within literary realism on a global scale. The chapter outlines a working definition of “gothic” and its appearance within the bounds of literary realism. Case studies of three realist texts that employ gothic narrative devices in their representation of death support the discussion of gothic realism. In Russian writer Ivan Turgenev’s sketch “Bezhin Meadow” (Bezhin lug, 1851), a gothic framing device enables a folkloric story to exist within the bounds of a realist structure. Norwegian writer Amalie Skram’s novel Constance Ring (1885) employs gothic atmosphere to emphasize its heroine’s experiences of oppression in a patriarchal society. Brazilian writer Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis’s novel The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas (Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, 1881) uses gothic tropes within a realist framework to enable an exploration of strong feelings around death. All three texts demonstrate the function of the gothic genre within the framework of literary realism, where gothic is perhaps not expected but nonetheless flourishes as a method for representing subjective reality.
A Political Ecology of Financialization and Farmland Control
Authors: Isakson S. Ryan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Financial actors have demonstrated a robust and growing interest in farmland over the course of the twenty-first century. Over the past two decades financial engineers have developed a variety of investment products linked to farmland, and as investment opportunities have decreased elsewhere in the economy, financial capital has poured into the farmland-based funds. Drawing on a rich and expanding literature, this chapter explains how financialization in farmland markets shapes land control in agrarian contexts. Formatting farmland for financial purposes is a contingent and complicated process. When it is successful, however, it often institutes new property relations that enable financial actors to extract value from agricultural production and compels farmers to intensify agro-extractive practices that undermine the ecological foundations of sustainable agriculture. With the objective of enabling scholars, activists, and policymakers to undo this process, this chapter not only details how financialization contours the socioecological conditions in agrarian contexts; it also identifies the different types of investors that are involved in the financial land rush, outlines the different types of financial products they use, and describes the processes and conditions that are involved in the financial assetization of farmland.
Mary Magdalene as Patron of Feminist Politics and Theology
Authors: Wijnia Lieke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mary Magdalene’s womanhood has been a defining characteristic of how she has been interpreted throughout history. Her gender is directly connected to the notions of physicality and sexuality, which in turn are assessed in terms of morality. This chain of connections has had a lasting impact on how Mary Magdalene has been theologically interpreted, and in turn how women at large have been positioned in Christian traditions. It has resulted in a myriad of interpretations, which provide Mary Magdalene with roles ranging from prostitute to prominent disciple, and from penitent sinner to female leader. This chapter, by discussing the Synoptic Gospel references, the search for a historical Magdalene, and her vast reception history, argues how this multiplicity is key to studying Mary Magdalene through a feminist lens.
Nutrition and Neurodevelopment
Authors: Román Charlotte K. , Cannavale Corinne N. , Khan Naiman A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that nutrition has a considerable influence on neurodevelopment. Intake of specific nutrients and bioactives during the necessary developmental period is important not only for normal brain development, but also to support cognitive function and allow individuals to reach their maximum potential. It is widely accepted that optimal nutrition in the first 1000 days of life is key for promoting healthy brain development, with the idea that failure to support neurodevelopment in early life results in consequences that may not be fully reversible. Comparatively little research has focused on nutritional support during childhood and adolescence, despite the importance of these developmental periods. While critical windows in early life nutrition create the foundation for lifelong cognitive, social, and emotional behavioral development, there is further opportunity in childhood and adolescence to optimize neurodevelopment and ameliorate deficits resulting from undernutrition in early life while neuroplasticity is still high. In addition to nutrition, food bioactives provide support for optimal neurodevelopment. While all nutrients support normal brain development, we have identified six important nutrients and four bioactives for neurodevelopment that are discussed in this chapter: protein, folate, iron, iodine, choline, vitamin D, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gangliosides, human milk oligosaccharides, and lutein. Special consideration is given to understudied nutrients and bioactives of interest and periods of brain development when applicable.
Introduction
Authors: Bates Catherine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the volume to the reader as the most comprehensive collection of essays on the life and work of Philip Sidney. It outlines the organisation of the volume into seven sections on I) the personal context of Sidney’s life, II) each of his works (including his correspondence), III) his literary contexts, IV) his choice of forms and genres, V) his poetic craft, VI) the wider historical context in which he lived and wrote, and finally VII) his literary legacy as his works continued to be read and imitated in the centuries after his death. Individual chapter summaries are also provided.
The Politics of Dutch Education Policy
Authors: Honingh Marlies , Stevenson Lars 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter sheds light on the dynamics of and research into the Dutch system of education, rooted in article 23 of the constitution. In article 23, both freedom of education for schools and the necessity of continued government attention to the education system are laid down. Consequently, from article 23 a complex balancing act emerges between schools enjoying freedom of education and government interventions based on the notion of continued attention. The authors offer a historical overview, demarcating four phases between 1917 and 2021 based on how the balance between freedom of education and continued attention changed over time. They discuss the actors that emerged within the system and show how changes in the balance between freedom of education and continued attention affect the power of the different actors in the educational field. With a lack of research on the only actors able to change the system and the balance within it, political parties, the authors provide a short analysis of party manifestos. They show that parties remain in favour of the system based on article 23, but increasingly push the balance within the system towards more government intervention. They discuss the state of research on the education system, arguing that there is a tripartite division with studies focusing (1) on the system, (2) on the governance of the system, and (3) on issues of education unrelated to the system. The authors conclude by reflecting on the impact of continuous government intervention and the role that studies unrelated to the system have in this.
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and its Risk Factors, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Tan Samuel Chin Wei , Zheng Bin-Bin , Tang Mae-Ling , Chu Hongyuan , Zhao Yun-Tao , Weng Cuilian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health challenge, necessitating up-to-date data on their burden for effective care planning and resource allocation.

Aim
To evaluate the trends and disparities in CVD burden and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2021.

Design
A population-based secondary analysis of global, regional, and national CVD burden using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Methods
We analyzed CVD burden and its risk factors using estimates from the GBD 2021 study.

Results
In 2021, there were 612 million cases of CVD globally, accounting for 26.8% of all deaths. From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence rate of CVD rose by 0.88% to 7179 cases per 100 000 individuals, while mortality and DALY rates fell by 34.3% and 33.0% to 235 and 5056 cases per 100 000 individuals, respectively. The highest CVD burden is seen in low-middle SDI levels. Regional disparities, differences in health system outcomes and SDI-related inequalities persist. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke are significant contributors among CVD subtypes. The burden is more pronounced in older age groups and men. Notably, 79.5% of total CVD disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to 11 risk factors, with high body mass index (BMI) showing the most significant increase.

Conclusion
Despite advancements, CVD remains a significant global burden, especially in low and lower-middle SDI regions. Rising prevalence and the impact of COVID-19 underscore ongoing challenges. The diverse burden across health systems highlights the need for sustained investment in healthcare infrastructure and targeted interventions. Addressing modifiable risk factors and socioeconomic inequalities is essential.
Balancing sterilization and functional properties in Poloxamer 407 hydrogels: comparing heat and radiation techniques
Authors: De Lauretis Angela , Eriksson Agger Anne , Pal Antara , Skov Pedersen Jan , Szostak Szymon Mikolaj , Lund Reidar , Lyngstadaas Ståle Petter , Ellingsen Jan Eirik , Linke Dirk , Haugen Håvard Jostein 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Poloxamer 407, also known as Pluronic® F127, is gaining interest in the cosmetic, biomedical and pharmaceutical fields for its biocompatibility, safety and thermo-sensitive properties. Ensuring sterility is critical in clinical applications, and sterilization is often preferred over aseptic processing. However, sterilization can impact the functional properties of the hydrogel. In this study, we investigate the effects of steam heat (121°C, 20 min), dry heat (160°C, 1 h), gamma irradiation (25 kGy) and electron beam (e-beam) irradiation (15 and 25 kGy) on a 30% w/v Poloxamer 407 hydrogel formulation. Our analysis encompasses gelling properties, pH, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheology, swelling, degradation by-products and lactate dehydrogenase release of the sterilized hydrogels, comparing them to a non-sterile counterpart. We demonstrated that heat sterilization alters the hydrogel’s gelling and structural properties due to water evaporation and oxidation under harsh temperature conditions, especially when applying the dry heat method. Gamma irradiation proved unsuitable, resulting in an acidic and cytotoxic hydrogel due to oxidative degradation. In contrast, e-beam irradiation preserves the hydrogel’s elasticity, gelling and structural properties while enhancing mechanical resilience and moderating swelling. Therefore, e-beam irradiation within the 15–25 kGy range appears to be the most suitable method for sterilizing a 30% w/v Poloxamer 407 hydrogel.
Microsurgical Repair of Large Nasal Septal Defects
Authors: Walton Robert L , Gherlone Nicole , Bai Jenny 
Published: January 2025

Background
Nasal septal defects cause considerable morbidity and represent a challenging reconstructive problem. Traditional repair techniques have employed local intranasal tissues and allograft adjuncts. For large septal defects (>4–5 cm2), less than half are successfully resolved.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients presenting with large (>4 cm2) nasal septal defects treated by microsurgical septal reconstruction using various engineered or prelaminated flaps.

Results
Nine consecutive patients were included in this study. Defect size averaged 7.89 cm2 (range 4.5–13.5 cm2). There were 4 males/5 females. Average age was 49.3 years (range 34.4–76.2 years). Follow-up averaged 10.1 years (range 1.3–25.8 years). Etiology of the septal defects included cocaine (4), neoplasm (2), surgery (1), autoimmune disease (1), and infection (1). Flaps utilized: prelaminated radial forearm flap (3), prelaminated (skin only) radial forearm flap (3), folded radial forearm flap (1), first dorsal metacarpal artery flap (1), and engineered superficial inferior epigastric artery flap (1). There were no flap losses. Recurrent septal perforation occurred in 3 patients. The first patient developed a small 0.5-cm diameter anterior perforation that was the result of a local infection. This was successfully closed using local mucosal flaps. Recurrent septal perforations (each less than 1-cm diameter) were identified in 2 additional patients. In each of these patients, the perforation was located at the posterior, inferior aspect of the septal repair site. An attempt to repair one of these defects was unsuccessful but the defect has remained stable and asymptomatic. Similarly, the other recurrent perforation has also remained asymptomatic and is being managed conservatively. The remaining healed septal defects have remained stable over time without airway obstruction.

Conclusions
This experience underscores the significant clinical challenges confronting repair of large nasal septal defects. Our results demonstrate the safety and utility of microsurgical reconstruction in this setting. Technical precision in flap inset has emerged as a key requisite for a successful outcome. The application of engineered/prelaminated flaps for these defects represents a novel approach to management.