bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inherent strain method for simulation of additive manufacturing–A critical assessment based on a new variant of the method
Authors: Bellet Michel , Keumo Tematio Joël , Zhang Yancheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo reduce computational time of thermo‐mechanical simulation of additive manufacturing processes, the inherent strain (IS) method is quite efficient, but suffers from a lack of predictivity, preventing concurrent quantitative prediction of distortion and stress. In order to investigate the predictive ability of the IS method, a new variant of the method is proposed in which the determination of the IS tensor is based on simulation results from a standard thermo‐elastic‐viscoplastic simulation applied to a few learning layers of the studied part. More precisely, the inherent strains are determined by a direct resolution performed in each finite element, with a negligible computation cost. Because of these specific features, the predictive ability of this IS method is formulated as its ability to replicate the distortion and stress predicted by the reference standard thermo‐elastic‐viscoplastic simulation. The proposed IS method provides perfect results in a validation test where full‐field inherent strains are used in each added layer: the distortion and stress predicted by the thermo‐elastic‐viscoplastic simulation are exactly replicated by the IS method. However, when applying the IS method to the simulation of an entire part, here a turbine blade mock‐up, the results are degraded with respect to the reference solution obtained by the thermo‐elastic‐viscoplastic simulation. Results are then discussed to evaluate the limitations of the proposed method, and of the IS method in general.
New insights in the mechanisms of weight‐loss maintenance: Summary from a Pennington symposium
Authors: Flanagan Emily W. , Spann Redin , Berry Sarah E. , Berthoud Hans‐Rudolf , Broyles Stephanie , Foster Gary D. , Krakoff Jonathan , Loos Ruth J. F. , Lowe Michael R. , Ostendorf Danielle M. , Powell‐Wiley Tiffany M. , Redman Leanne M. , Rosenbaum Michael , Schauer Philip R. , Seeley Randy J. , Swinburn Boyd A. , Hall Kevin , Ravussin Eric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObesity is a chronic disease that affects more than 650 million adults worldwide. Obesity not only is a significant health concern on its own, but predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Lifestyle interventions effectively promote weight loss of 5% to 10%, and pharmacological and surgical interventions even more, with some novel approved drugs inducing up to an average of 25% weight loss. Yet, maintaining weight loss over the long‐term remains extremely challenging, and subsequent weight gain is typical. The mechanisms underlying weight regain remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this Pennington Biomedical Scientific Symposium was to review and highlight the complex interplay between the physiological, behavioral, and environmental systems controlling energy intake and expenditure. Each of these contributions were further discussed in the context of weight‐loss maintenance, and systems‐level viewpoints were highlighted to interpret gaps in current approaches. The invited speakers built upon the science of obesity and weight loss to collectively propose future research directions that will aid in revealing the complicated mechanisms involved in the weight‐reduced state.
Effect of interface temperature on low‐velocity impact response of injection over‐molded short/continuous fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Paramasivam Anandakumar , Mallina Venkata Timmaraju , Ramachandran Velmurugan , Kumar Vattikuti Vinay 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInjection over‐molded short/continuous fiber reinforced composites are a unique class of materials for fabricating lightweight components having complex geometries in automotive manufacturing due to their higher specific mechanical properties, lower assembly cost, and short production cycle time. The influence of interface temperature on the low‐velocity impact response of short/continuous fiber‐reinforced polypropylene was experimentally investigated by varying the melt temperature. The over‐molded specimens fabricated at an interface temperature considerably higher than the melting point of polypropylene exhibited a 12% enhanced peak load with less impact damage compared with specimens over‐molded at a lower interface temperature. Optical analysis of impacted specimens over‐molded at lower interface temperature revealed interface debonding and insert delamination. Whereas insert delamination alone was observed for the specimens fabricated at higher interface temperature. The specimens over‐molded at high interface temperature exhibited less impact energy absorption and high compression strength after impact because of their strong interfacial adhesion.Highlights
Impact energy absorption is less if melt temperature is high in injection over‐molding.
Higher melt temperature enhances interface bonding by raising interface temperature.
Interface debonding and insert delamination are the dominant impact failure modes.
The compression strength after impact has increased with higher melt temperature.
Impact and compression strength after impact is governed by the interfacial strength.
Cover Image
Authors: Li Zhanhong , Shen Yunheng , Xin Jiayun , Xu Xike , Ding Qianqian , Chen Wei , Wang Jie , Lv Yanhui , Wei Xintong , Wei Yanping , Zhang Weidong , Zu Xianpeng , Wang Shumei 
Published: October 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Cryptotanshinone alleviates radiation-induced lung fibrosis via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism by Zhanhong Li et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7926.image
Comorbidity of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: Hatsukawa Hiroatsu , Ishikawa Masaaki , Hirai Tomoyuki , Endo Kazuo , Saito Emiko , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Okazaki Kouya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe aimed to elucidate details of comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) under the collaboration between otolaryngologists and pulmonologists in a prospective study. The CEP diagnosis was performed by pulmonologists based on clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and/or eosinophilia detected in bronchoalveolar lavage. All patients were referred to otolaryngologists before undergoing oral corticosteroid treatment for CEP. Ten CEP cases visited to otolaryngologists. All cases showed bilateral sinonasal inflammation in computed tomography (CT), indicating comorbid CRS. Nasal polyps (NPs) were observed in 50% of patients on endoscopy. Eighty percent of patients were diagnosed with eosinophilic CRS. In blood eosinophil levels and the mucosal eosinophil count, there were no significant differences between CRS without and with NPs. In Lund–Mackay CT total scores, among‐individual variability was observed in CRS with NPs. The collaboration revealed blood/sinonasal eosinophilia and the variability in Lund–Mackay CT total scores as remarkable findings about the comorbid CRS.
Benign endobronchial lipoma causing repeated pneumonia
Authors: Kawasaki Yasutaka , Yamamoto Kohei , Suda Takuya , Saito Daisuke , Matsumoto Isao 
Published: October 2023

Key messageEndobronchial lipomas are rare; nonetheless, physicians should consider them as a differential diagnosis in patients with repeated pneumonia. Computed tomography and bronchoscopy are recommended for diagnosis. In this case, the patient's cough was ameliorated after undergoing a right basal segmentectomy.
Utility of remotely operated underwater vehicle in flood inundation mapping for dam failure: A case study of Lake Tuscaloosa Dam
Authors: Song Junho , Kam Jonghun , Jones Steven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) is a tethered underwater mobile device that can conduct a bathymetric survey cost‐efficiently. Assessment of the utility of ROV‐based bathymetric surveys in flood inundation mapping remains limited. This study aims to examine the utility of ROV‐based bathymetric surveys in high‐resolution flood inundation mapping for a hypothetical case study of the Lake Tuscaloosa Dam breach in the state of Alabama, USA. This study conducted the sensitivity test of flood inundation mapping to the river channel depth (ROV‐based vs. digital elevation model [DEM]‐based) and initial flow condition (e.g., wet vs. dry), via six different simulations of the parallelized diffusion hydrodynamic model (pDHM). This study found that the ROV‐based pDHM runs had higher maximum water depths over the flood‐inundated areas, ranging from +73% to +166% of the simulated depths of the DEM‐based pDHM runs. However, the impact of initial streamflow condition on the maximum depths was limited. This study also found that the pDHM runs with a dry initial flow condition delayed the time to reach the maximum depth after the dam breach by 2 h relative to the pDHM runs with a wet initial streamflow condition. This study suggests that ROV‐based bathymetry surveys improve flood inundation mapping by emphasizing the influence of river channel depth, initial streamflow conditions, and bathymetry, thereby bolstering community resilience to a potential human‐made hazard such as dam failure.
Magnetic Lateral Ladder for Unidirectional Transport of Microrobots: Design Principles and Potential Applications of Cells‐on‐Chip
Authors: Ali Abbas , Kim Hyeonseol , Torati Sri Ramulu , Kang Yumin , Reddy Venu , Kim Keonmok , Yoon Jonghwan , Lim Byeonghwa , Kim CheolGi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFunctionalized microrobots, which are directionally manipulated in a controlled and precise manner for specific tasks, face challenges. However, magnetic field‐based controls constrain all microrobots to move in a coordinated manner, limiting their functions and independent behaviors. This article presents a design principle for achieving unidirectional microrobot transport using an asymmetric magnetic texture in the shape of a lateral ladder, which the authors call the “railway track.” An asymmetric magnetic energy distribution along the axis allows for the continuous movement of microrobots in a fixed direction regardless of the direction of the magnetic field rotation. The authors demonstrated precise control and simple utilization of this method. Specifically, by placing magnetic textures with different directionalities, an integrated cell/particle collector can collect microrobots distributed in a large area and move them along a complex trajectory to a predetermined location. The authors can leverage the versatile capabilities offered by this texture concept, including hierarchical isolation, switchable collection, programmable pairing, selective drug‐response test, and local fluid mixing for target objects. The results demonstrate the importance of microrobot directionality in achieving complex individual control. This novel concept represents significant advancement over conventional magnetic field‐based control technology and paves the way for further research in biofunctionalized microrobotics.
Epicardial adipose tissue as a prognostic marker in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Aghayev Anar , Hinnerichs Mattes , Wienke Andreas , Meyer Hans-Jonas , Surov Alexey 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been established as a quantitative imaging biomarker associated with disease severity in coronary heart disease. Our aim was to use this prognostic marker derived from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the prediction of mortality and prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

Methods
The clinical database was retrospectively screened for patients with acute pulmonary embolism between 2015 and 2021. Overall, 513 patients (216 female, 42.1%) were included in the analysis. The study end-point was 30-day mortality. Epicardial adipose tissue was measured on the diagnostic CTPA in a semiquantitative manner. The volume and density of EAT were measured for every patient.

Results
Overall, 60 patients (10.4%) died within the 30-day observation period. The mean EAT volume was 128.3 ± 65.0 cm3 in survivors and 154.6 ± 84.5 cm3 in nonsurvivors (p = 0.02). The density of EAT was −79.4 ± 8.3 HU in survivors and −76.0 ± 8.4 HU in nonsurvivors (p = 0.86), and EAT density was associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03; 1.1, p < 0.001) but did not remain statistically significant in multivariable analysis. No association was identified between EAT volume and 30-day mortality (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 1.0; 1.0, p = 0.48).

Conclusion
There might be an association between EAT density and mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Further studies are needed to elucidate the prognostic relevance of EAT parameters in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
Disability benefits protect against lost income for South Africans living with Schizophrenia
Authors: Wootton Olivia , King Aisha , Moy Kayley , Stein Dan J. , Susser Ezra S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the economic impact of disability grants for people living with schizophrenia in low- and middle- income countries. In this brief report, we show that receipt of disability benefits is significantly associated (β = 0.105, p < 0.0001) with increased household and personal wealth in large sample of people living with schizophrenia in South Africa (n = 1154). This study provides further support for the use of disability grants as a mechanism to protect people living with schizophrenia and their families against the economic costs associated with schizophrenia.
Knees with anteromedial osteoarthritis show a substantial phenotypic variation prior and following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: ten Noever de Brauw G. V. , Bayoumi T. , Ruderman L. V. , Kerkhoffs G. M. M. J. , Pearle A. D. , Zuiderbaan H. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic variation using the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification among 1000 knees with anteromedial osteoarthritis (OA) both prior to and following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). The secondary aim of this study was to investigate whether knees maintained their preoperative CPAK phenotype and to evaluate the phenotypic alterations following medial UKA.MethodsThe CPAK classification was used to analyze 1000 knees that underwent medial UKA as treatment for anteromedial OA. Knees were categorized into nine distinct CPAK phenotypes based on their arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle (aHKA), which estimates the pre‐arthritic alignment, and joint line obliquity (JLO), both pre‐ and postoperatively. Phenotypic variation was analyzed by sex and age, and the phenotypic alterations following medial UKA were evaluated by phenotype.ResultsPreoperatively, CPAK phenotype I had the highest prevalence (45.0%). Among males, the preoperative prevalence of CPAK phenotype I was significantly higher compared to females (53.2% vs. 35.0%, respectively; p ≤ .001), whereas females exhibited a significantly higher occurrence of CPAK phenotype V compared to males (9.8% vs. 4.4%, respectively; p ≤ .015). Following medial UKA, CPAK phenotype II had the highest prevalence (53.3%). Overall, 45.1% of knees maintained their preoperative CPAK phenotype following medial UKA, which was most frequently observed among CPAK phenotype II (67.7%) and III (65.8%).ConclusionThere is a substantial variation in CPAK phenotypes among knees with anteromedial OA, as well as following treatment with medial UKA. This variability challenges the assumption of uniform characteristics among knees with an identical wear pattern associated with anteromedial OA and emphasizes the complexity and variability of this specific form of OA.Level of evidenceIII, Retrospective cohort study.
Hypohydration induced by prolonged cycling in the heat increases biomarkers of renal injury in males
Authors: Juett Loris A. , Drury Jack E. , Greensmith Thomas B. , Thompson Alfie P. , Funnell Mark P. , James Lewis J. , Mears Stephen A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies have shown that hypohydration can increase renal injury. However, the contribution of hypohydration to the extent of renal injury is often confounded by exercise induced muscle damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of manipulating hydration status during moderate-intensity cycling in the heat on biomarkers of renal injury.

Methods
Following familiarisation, fourteen active males (age: 21 [20–22] y; BMI: 22.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2; $$ \dot{V} $$

V
˙

O2peak: 55 ± 9 mL/kg/min) completed two experimental trials, in a randomised cross-over design. Experimental trials consisted of up to 120 min of intermittent cycling (~ 50% Wpeak) in the heat (~ 35 °C, ~ 50% relative humidity). During exercise, subjects consumed either a water volume equal to 100% body mass losses (EU) or minimal water (HYP; 75–100 mL) to induce ~ 3% body mass loss. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, 30 min post-exercise and 24 h post-baseline, with an additional urine sample collected immediately post-exercise.

Results
Thirty minutes post-exercise, body mass and plasma volume were lower in HYP than EU (P < 0.001), whereas serum and urine osmolality (P < 0.001), osmolality-corrected urinary kidney injury molecule-1 concentrations (HYP: 2.74 [1.87–5.44] ng/mOsm, EU: 1.15 [0.84–2.37] ng/mOsm; P = 0.024), and percentage change in osmolality-corrected urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations (HYP: 61 [17–141] %, EU: 7.1 [– 4 to 24] %; P = 0.033) were greater in HYP than EU.

Conclusion
Hypohydration produced by cycling in the heat increased renal tubular injury, compared to maintaining euhydration with water ingestion.
Prevalence of the virulence genes and their correlation with carbapenem resistance amongst the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Wang Xiaohuan , Gao Kaijing , Chen Cuicui , Zhang Cuiping , Zhou Chunmei , Song Yuanlin , Guo Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the top-listed pathogens in nosocomial infection. It is notorious for its complicated virulence system and rapid adaptability to drugs or antimicrobials. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sixteen virulence genes in four groups including type III secretion system, biofilm formation, extracellular toxin biosynthesis and enzymes amongst 209 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. We investigated the different distribution patterns of virulence genotypes based on carbapenem-resistant phenotype or the carriage of carbapenemase genes. The detection rate of each virulence gene varied greatly. phzM and plcN were detected in all collected strains, while pilB and exoU were only carried by a small portion of isolates (6.7% and 16.3%). Additionally, the number of genotypes observed in each group of examined virulence genes ranged from 4 to 8. Only the distribution of genotypes of type III secretion system showed statistical difference between carbapenem-mediated or carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-sensitive strains. The virulence genotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was possibly interrelated to its resistance mechanism. Further research suggested that one particular TTSS genotype exhibited higher ratio in carbapenemase-producing strains and exoS was less frequently detected in CRPA strains carrying carbapenemase gene. Generally, the significant genetic diversity of virulence genes amongst Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was highlighted in this study. Specific TTSS genotypes were associated with carbapenem-resistance. In particular, certain incompatibility might exist between exoS and carbapenemase genes, which provided valuable information for further understanding the relationship between carbapenem resistance and virulence.
What climate? The different meaning of climate indicators in violent conflict studies
Authors: Dahm Ruben , Meijer Karen , Kuneman Ernst , van Schaik Louise 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the operationalization of climate-related indicators in violent conflict research. The climate-conflict narrative gained traction in recent decades and climate change is often referred to as a ‘threat multiplier’ by both policy makers and scholars. Yet, the relationships between climate-related phenomena and violent conflict are complex and context-specific. However, limited attention has been given to the climatic indicators applied in climate-conflict research. This paper addresses that gap by analyzing 32 studies published from 2004 to 2020 on the operationalization of climatic indicators and their relationship with violent conflict. It first categorizes climate indicators operationalization into five clusters: natural disasters, basic climate variability, advanced climate variability, freshwater availability, and the ENSO. The study evaluates the climate indicators for each cluster and shows that at an aggregate level these clusters examine 68 different climate representations. When paired with their respective conflict types, it finds a total of 113 climate-conflict combinations. Most operationalizations represent various forms of climate-related phenomena and variability rather than climate change. Some indicators are advancements over time, for example moving from changes in average rainfall to standardized precipitation indices. However, other indicators refer to various natural processes, making it challenging to determine whether climatic variability impacts conflict. The paper then demonstrates a discrepancy between the pathways through which climate may affect violent conflict and the representation of these pathways in the selected climate indicators. It discusses how the selection and operationalization of climate indicators requires careful consideration, and the phenomena researched should be well-specified in research findings.
Digitalization and its impact on labour market and education. Selected aspects
Authors: Hetmańczyk Piotr 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe main purpose of the article is to demonstrate the need for multidimensional professional training of employees for challenges related to the rapidly-developing digitalization, which consequently translate into the competitiveness of the economy. The theses presented in the article have been verified using: literature review, critical literature analysis, document research and comparative analysis. Based on this article, we can discuss a future in which man and the surrounding reality will depend on the rapidly-developing digitalization. This phenomenon may lead to a fading of the known world and the transition to a new one defined by technologies based on the flow of data and its analysis. However, knowledge will still remain important for such a change. It seems that the ongoing education system should be better connected with competencies allowing for changes that are taking place in the economic environment. The article demonstrates the importance of knowledge and provides an opportunity to exchange ideas in the vigorously-developing digitalization. Through the knowledge presented in the article, it can be concluded that the digitalization of the education system and labour market means revolutionary changes, incomparable with the objectives and scope of the existing measures.