bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super‐Elastic and Dimensionally Stable Polyether Block Amide Foams Fabricated by Microcellular Foaming with CO2&N2 as Co‐Blowing Agents
Authors: Yang Haoqing , Dong Guiwei , Wang Guilong , Zhao Jinchuan , Zhao Guoqun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolyether block amide (PEBA) is an important thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPE) owing to its low density and high resilience. Microcellular foaming can endow PEBA with significant potential in sports, medical, and industrial applications. However, with the current microcellular foaming technology, it remains challenging to obtain PEBA foams with stable shapes, which are critical for their mechanical properties. Therefore, microcellular foaming with CO2 and N2 as co‐blowing agents is utilized in this study to achieve mechanically robust PEBA foams by reducing the dimensional shrinkage. The introduction of N2 can effectively slow the diffusion rate of blowing agents into the air, providing support for the foam to resist external atmospheric pressure and effectively reducing the dimensional shrinkage of PEBA foams. Consequently, a stable foam shape is achieved with an expansion ratio of 7.9. Finally, the PEBA foams with excellent shrinkage resistance and mechanical properties are prepared, and the cell shrinkage mechanism is analyzed to study the effects of blowing agents and foaming methods on the structural evolution of TPE foams. This promising outcome paves way for their practical industrial applications.
GNAO1 Mutations Affecting the N‐Terminal α‐Helix of Gαo Lead to Parkinsonism
Authors: Solis Gonzalo P. , Larasati Yonika A. , Thiel Moritz , Koval Alexey , Koy Anne , Katanaev Vladimir L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients carrying pathogenic variants in GNAO1 present a phenotypic spectrum ranging from severe early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy and developmental delay to mild adolescent/adult‐onset dystonia. Genotype–phenotype correlation and molecular mechanisms underlying the disease remain understudied.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical course of a child carrying the novel GNAO1 mutation c.38T>C;p.Leu13Pro, and structural, biochemical, and cellular properties of the corresponding mutant Gαo—GNAO1‐encoded protein—alongside the related mutation c.68T>C;p.Leu23Pro.ResultsThe main clinical feature was parkinsonism with bradykinesia and rigidity, unlike the hyperkinetic movement disorder commonly associated with GNAO1 mutations. The Leu ➔ Pro substitutions have no impact on enzymatic activity or overall folding of Gαo but uniquely destabilize the N‐terminal α‐helix, blocking formation of the heterotrimeric G‐protein and disabling activation by G‐protein‐coupled receptors.ConclusionsOur study defines a parkinsonism phenotype within the spectrum of GNAO1 disorders and suggests a genotype–phenotype correlation by GNAO1 mutations targeting the N‐terminal α‐helix of Gαo. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Contrasting trends of carbon emission from savanna and boreal forest fires during 1999–2022
Authors: Liu Yunfan , Ding Aijun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiomass burning (BB) as an important atmospheric carbon source has significant environmental and climatic influence. The frequent extreme BB cases in recent years have raised extensive concerns, yet the latest changes in BB emission on a global scale are not fully understood. Here, we systematically quantify the changes in BB carbon emission for 1999–2022 by fire types and on different scales based on the Global Fire Emissions Database with small fires (GFED4s) dataset. We find contrasting trends of savanna and boreal forest fires persistent over the study period, shaping the variation of global total BB carbon emission. The receding savanna fire drives a declining global BB carbon emission at −8 Tg C year−1 (−0.4% year−1) for 1999–2022, while an upturn of global carbon emission (5 Tg C year−1, 0.3% year−1) occurs in the recent decadal period (2008–2022) due to intensified boreal forest fires. The burned area decouples from carbon emission in terms of the changing tendency, as exhibited by the decreasing global burned area after 2008. Regionally, the fire carbon emission enhancement over the past 15 years (2008–2022) mainly comes from the boreal forests in northwestern North America, northeastern Siberia, and parts of the savanna area, all of which coincide with local climate change toward higher fire proneness. This study reveals a climate‐driven aggravation of the BB carbon emission, especially in high‐latitude boreal forests, and calls for attention to its potential impacts and effective fire management strategies.
On constrained Kaczmarz algorithm with momentum for image reconstruction
Authors: Yin Susu , Ouyang Zigen 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe Kaczmarz algorithm is widely used in image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose an enhanced version of the Kaczmarz algorithm by integrating Nesterov momentum into the Kaczmarz algorithm, denoted as the Kaczmarz algorithm with momentum. Our innovation offers a novel approach to accelerate the convergence rate of the Kaczmarz algorithm significantly. Based on greedy rules for selecting work row, we prove that the Kaczmarz method with momentum can achieve global linear convergence rates. Furthermore, we extend a constrained version of the Kaczmarz algorithm with Nesterov momentum for improved image reconstruction and prove its convergence. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the original Kaczmarz algorithm in terms of efficiency for image reconstruction.
Syringaresinol Alleviates Early Diabetic Retinopathy by Downregulating HIF‐1α/VEGF via Activating Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway
Authors: Liu Chang , Cheng Tianwei , Wang Yufei , Li Guangru , Wang Yachen , Tian Wencong , Feng Lifeng , Zhang Shengzheng , Xu Yang , Gao Yang , Li Jing , Liu Jie , Cui Jianlin , Yan Jie , Cao Lei , Pan Zhongjie , Qi Zhi , Yang Liang 
Published: February 2024

ScopeEarly diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by chronic inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, and retinal microvascular damage. Syringaresinol (SYR), as a natural polyphenolic compound, has been proved to inhibit many disease progression due to its antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study focuses on exploring the effect of SYR on hyperglycemia‐induced early DR as well as the underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsWild‐type (WT) and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐knockout C57BL/6 mice of type 1 diabetes and high glucose (HG)‐induced RF/6A cells are used as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively. This study finds that SYR protects the retinal structure and function in diabetic mice and reduces the permeability and apoptosis of HG‐treated RF/6A cells. Meanwhile, SYR distinctly mitigates inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and vitro. The retinal microvascular damages are suppressed by SYR via downregulating hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Whereas, SYR‐provided protective effects are diminished in Nrf2‐knockout mice, indicating that SYR improves DR progression by activating Nrf2. Similarly, SYR cannot exert protective effects against HG‐induced oxidative stress and endothelial injury in small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐Nrf2‐transfected RF/6A cells.ConclusionIn summary, SYR suppresses oxidative stress via activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, which ameliorates retinal microvascular damage by downregulating HIF‐1α/VEGF, thereby alleviating early DR progression.
Chicken Muscle‐Derived ACE2‐Upregulating Peptide VVHPKESF Reduces Blood Pressure Associated with the ACE2/Ang (1‐7)/MasR Axis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Fan Hongbing , Shang Nan , Davidge Sandra T. , Wu Jianping 
Published: February 2024

ScopeThis study aims to investigate the antihypertensive effect of four chicken muscle‐derived angiotensin (Ang)‐converting enzymes (ACE)‐regulating peptides: Val‐Arg‐Pro (VRP, ACE inhibition), Leu‐Lys‐Tyr and Val‐Arg‐Tyr (LKY and VRY, ACE inhibition and ACE2 upregulation), and Val‐Val‐His‐Pro‐Lys‐Glu‐Ser‐Phe (VVHPKESF [V‐F], ACE2 upregulation) in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Methods and resultsRats (12–14 weeks old) are grouped: 1) untreated, 2) VRP, 3) LKY, 4) VRY, and 5) V‐F. Blood pressure (BP) is monitored using implantable telemetry technology. Over 18‐day oral administration of 15 mg kg−1 body weight (BW) per day, only peptide V‐F significantly (p < 0.05) reduces BP, decreases circulating Ang II, and increases ACE2 and Ang (1‐7) levels, and enhances aortic expressions of ACE2 and Mas receptor (MasR). Peptide V‐F also attenuates vascular inflammation (TNFα, MCP‐1, IL‐1α, IL‐15, and cyclooxygenase 2 [COX2]) and vascular oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine). The gastrointestinal (GI)‐degraded fragment of peptide V‐F, Val‐Val‐His‐Pro‐Lys (VVHPK), is also an ACE2‐upregulating peptide. Peptides VRP, LKY, and VRY do not reduce BP, possibly due to low bioavailability or other unknown reasons.ConclusionsPeptide V‐F is the first ACE2‐upregulating peptide, purified and fractionated from food proteins based on in vitro ACE2 upregulation, that reduces BP associated with the activation of ACE2/Ang (1‐7)/MasR axis; the N‐terminal moiety VVHPK may be responsible for the antihypertensive effect of V‐F.
Optically transparent and angularly stable broad‐stopband frequency selective surface for millimeter wave electromagnetic interference mitigation
Authors: Tang Li , Wang Chengrong , Yan Liping , Gao Richard Xian‐Ke , Zhao Xiang , Liu Changjun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn optically transparent and angularly stable frequency selective surface (FSS) with a broad stopband is introduced for addressing millimeter wave (mmW) electromagnetic interference. The unique FSS unit cell pattern incorporates a cross patch with Y‐shaped branches, effectively broadening the bandwidth and enhancing the angular stability. Utilizing transparent conductive indium tin oxide deposited on both sides of a glass substrate enables the FSS to reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves. Consequently, the proposed FSS exhibits an exceptionally wide stopband ranging from 18.7 to 40.2 GHz, featuring an insertion loss of 14 dB and maintaining stable angular response up to 60° for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. Moreover, an equivalent circuit model is developed to characterize the stopband behavior of the FSS. Finally, measurements conducted on a physical prototype of the proposed FSS validate its effectiveness, showing good agreement with the simulation results.
Mutual coupling reduction in antenna arrays using the novel mushroom electromagnetic band gap and defected ground structure
Authors: Chang Wenchi , Chen Shuli , Chen Ke , Yu Pengfei , Liu Qing Huo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe multi‐input and multi‐output antennas have been developed to increase the communication capacity in many applications, but they also bring coupling problems between array elements, which will seriously affect their performance. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce mutual coupling between array elements. In this article, a novel mushroom electromagnetic band gap (EBG) and defected ground structure (DGS) are introduced to reduce mutual coupling between array elements. Simulation results show that the EBG with metal vias placed between the array elements can improve the port isolation by 36 dB, and the introduced DGS can further suppress the coupling and achieve the decoupling effect of 47 dB. The measured results demonstrate the performance of the proposed structure for suppressing mutual coupling.
Semi‐analytical solution for double‐layered elliptical cylindrical foundation model improved by prefabricated vertical drains
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Guo Nanning , Cao Wenzhao , Gong Wenhui , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work proposes a semi‐analytical solution for a double‐layered elliptical cylindrical soft foundation improved by prefabricated vertical drains. The governing equations, continuity conditions are boundary conditions in the elliptical cylindrical system are introduced first. The Laplace transform is employed to convert the time variable t in partial differential equations into the Laplace complex argument s. Based on the boundary condition and continuity condition, the solution in the frequency domain is derived. By using Abate's fixed Euler Algorithm, the solutions in the time domain are obtained. A finite element analysis is performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed solution. Then, parametric studies reveal that soil permeability and soil compressibility have great influences on the second layer of soil in the elliptical cylindrical system, but relatively small effects on the first layer. Neglecting differences in the hydraulic conductivity and the coefficient of volume compressibility of multi‐layered soil in the elliptical cylindrical system could not predict the excess pore pressure in the second layer correctly.
Motion‐compensated image reconstruction for improved kidney function assessment using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Ariyurek Cemre , Koçanaoğulları Aziz , Afacan Onur , Kurugol Sila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccurately measuring renal function is crucial for pediatric patients with kidney conditions. Traditional methods have limitations, but dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) provides a safe and efficient approach for detailed anatomical evaluation and renal function assessment. However, motion artifacts during DCE‐MRI can degrade image quality and introduce misalignments, leading to unreliable results. This study introduces a motion‐compensated reconstruction technique for DCE‐MRI data acquired using golden‐angle radial sampling. Our proposed method achieves three key objectives: (1) identifying and removing corrupted data (outliers) using a Gaussian process model fitting with a
‐space center navigator, (2) efficiently clustering the data into motion phases and performing interphase registration, and (3) utilizing a novel formulation of motion‐compensated radial reconstruction. We applied the proposed motion correction (MoCo) method to DCE‐MRI data affected by varying degrees of motion, including both respiratory and bulk motion. We compared the outcomes with those obtained from the conventional radial reconstruction. Our evaluation encompassed assessing the quality of images, concentration curves, and tracer kinetic model fitting, and estimating renal function. The proposed MoCo reconstruction improved the temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio for all subjects, with a 21.8% increase on average, while total variation values of the aorta, right, and left kidney concentration were improved for each subject, with 32.5%, 41.3%, and 42.9% increases on average, respectively. Furthermore, evaluation of tracer kinetic model fitting indicated that the median standard deviation of the estimated filtration rate (
), mean normalized root‐mean‐squared error (nRMSE), and chi‐square goodness‐of‐fit of tracer kinetic model fit were decreased from 0.10 to 0.04, 0.27 to 0.24, and, 0.43 to 0.27, respectively. The proposed MoCo technique enabled more reliable renal function assessment and improved image quality for detailed anatomical evaluation in the case of bulk and respiratory motion during the acquisition of DCE‐MRI.
A family‐based and mobile‐assisted intervention for lifestyle behaviors in youths: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tsai Shao‐Yu , Tung Yi‐Ching , Huang Chuen‐Min , Lee Chien‐Chang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a family‐based and mobile‐assisted lifestyle intervention in reducing weight gain among school‐age children with overweight and obesity. A total of 164 school‐age children with overweight or obesity and their parents were randomized to the treatment intervention (n = 82) or an attention‐control group (n = 82). The treatment intervention included three face‐to‐face education sessions, augmented by monthly text messages sent to parents on their mobile devices. The primary outcome was child BMI‐for‐age z‐score. Secondary outcomes included child BMI, percent body fat, and actigraphy‐assessed sleep as well as parental sleep quality. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after the intervention, with treatment effects analyzed using general linear models for repeated measures. Our results showed that children in the treatment intervention group had significantly lower BMI‐for‐age z score, BMI, and percent body fat than did those in the control group, with an adjusted mean difference of 0.31 units (95% CI: −0.59 to −0.03; p = 0.03), 1.34 kg/m² (95% CI, −2.42 to −0.26; p = 0.01), and 3.12% (95% CI, −5.93 to −0.30; p = 0.03), respectively. No treatment effects were observed for child and parental sleep. Our findings suggest that family‐based and mobile‐assisted lifestyle intervention results in significant and sustained benefits to enhanced weight management for school‐age children with overweight and obesity. Nurses planning and delivering childhood overweight and obesity treatment interventions should consider a family‐based approach with the assistance of mobile devices.
Preliminary observations on the associations between sensory processing abnormalities and event‐related potentials in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Mizui Ryo , Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Okazaki Kosuke , Uratani Mitsuhiro , Kashida Natsuko , Ishida Rio , Makinodan Manabu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is thought to involve a variety of neurophysiological characteristics. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) reflect cognitive functions in the brain's cognitive processing. In this study, we investigated differences in P300 and N100 of ERPs between ASD and typically developing groups and focused on the relationship between the components of ERPs and measures of autistic traits and sensory processing characteristics.MethodsERPs were measured in 96 subjects in the ASD group and 62 subjects in the age‐ and sex‐adjusted typically developing group. Correlations between each component and the scores of the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient Japanese version (AQ‐J) and the Adolescent and Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) were also evaluated.ResultsThe ASD group showed a significant decrease in the amplitude of N100 at C3. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between lower amplitude at C3 of N100 and low registered sensory scores in both groups.ConclusionOur findings imply that the N100 amplitude at C3 could be a potential indicator for examining the neurophysiological traits of ASD; however, these results should be interpreted with caution due to their preliminary nature. These tentative insights into sensory processing anomalies may be discernible in specific subsets of the ASD population, providing a foundation for future investigative pathways.
Identifying high‐risk medications and error types in Danish patient safety database using disproportionality analysis
Authors: Tchijevitch Olga , Birkeland Søren F. , Bogh Søren B. , Hallas Jesper 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedication error (ME) surveillance in Danish healthcare relies on the mandatory national incident reporting system, the Danish Patient Safety Database (DPSD). Individual case reviews and descriptive statistics with frequency counts are the most often used approaches when analyzing MEs in incident reporting systems, including the DPSD. However, incident reporting systems often generate a large number of reports and may suffer from underreporting; consequently, additional approaches are needed to overcome these challenges. Disproportionality analysis (DPA) is a statistical tool used for signal detection of adverse drug reactions in pharmacovigilance reports, but the evidence for using DPA on ME analysis in safety reporting systems is limited.ObjectivesWe aimed to test the feasibility of DPA by analysing harmful MEs reported to DPSD 2014–2018.MethodsWe utilized proportional reporting ratios (PRR) to identify signals of diproportionality.ResultsWe identified well‐known high‐risk medicines, including anticoagulants, opioids, insulins, antiepileptic, and antipsychotic drugs, and their association with several ME types and stages in a medication process.ConclusionDPA might be suggested as an additional tool for screening MEs and identifying priority areas for further investigation in safety reporting systems.
Using machine learning to predict the bleeding risk for patients with cardiac valve replacement treated with warfarin in hospitalized
Authors: Hu Yixing , Zhang Xuemeng , Wei Meng , Yang Tongtong , Chen Jinjin , Wu Xia , Zhu Yifan , Chen Xin , Lou Sheng , Zhu Junrong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing warfarin‐related bleeding risk at the bedside remains challenging. Studies indicate that warfarin therapy should be suspended when international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 4.5, or it may sharply increase the risk of bleeding. We aim to develop and validate a model to predict the high bleeding risk in valve replacement patients during hospitalization.MethodCardiac valve replacement patients from January 2016 to December 2021 across Nanjing First Hospital were collected. Five different machine‐learning (ML) models were used to establish the prediction model. High bleeding risk was an INR ≥4.5. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used for evaluating the prediction performance of different models. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used for interpreting the model. We also compared ML with ATRIA score and ORBIT score.ResultsA total of 2376 patients were finally enrolled in this model, 131 (5.5%) of whom experienced the high bleeding risk after anticoagulation therapy of warfarin during hospitalization. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) exhibited the best overall prediction performance (AUC: 0.882, confidence interval [CI] 0.817–0.946, Brier score, 0.158) compared to other prediction models. It also shows superior performance compared with ATRIA score and ORBIT score. The top 5 most influential features in XGBoost model were platelet, thyroid stimulation hormone, body surface area, serum creatinine and white blood cell.ConclusionA model for predicting high bleeding risk in valve replacement patients who treated with warfarin during hospitalization was successfully developed by using machine learning, which may well assist clinicians to identify patients at high risk of bleeding and allow timely adjust therapeutic strategies in evaluating individual patient.