bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing community expertise in understanding food insecurity to inform responses in a local government area in Victoria, Australia: a mixed methods photovoice study
Authors: Molenaar Annika , Bucello Pieta , Kleve Sue 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Local food systems which support affordable, equitable, accessible, and sustainable food are important to enhance food access and reduce food insecurity. Cardinia Shire Council, a local government in Victoria, Australia has developed and endorsed a ‘Community Food Strategy’ to support their local food system and food security. This study aimed to explore local government community member perspectives regarding food access within their local food environment, and suggested areas to be addressed to better support access.

Methods
A sequential mixed methods photovoice methodology was implemented. Participants aged over 18 years, who resided in Cardinia Shire, completed an online quantitative survey to explore demographics, food access and food security status and severity (18-item USDA Household Food Security Survey Module). The qualitative photovoice method was used, whereby participants were asked to take photographs that represent their experiences of food access. These photographs were used as prompts in a semi-structured interview Interview data were thematically analysed.

Results
Seventeen participants completed the study, of which five participants experienced varied severity levels of food insecurity. From the photovoice interviews four themes were developed: 1) Food: a connector to self, people and place, 2) Influencers of food access and triggers for food insecurity, 3) Savvy food literacy skills to support access to food, 4) Consequences of and struggles with food insecurity. Participants suggested recommendations for action to support future food access in their community.

Conclusions
While food choice is influenced by a range of determinants, the local food environment greatly impacts both food access and food choice. A supportive local food system which promotes inclusion of a community voice, community connectedness, food literacy and physical and economic access to local produce is crucial to support food security.
Do restaurants comply with reduced salt requests from consumers ordering on meal delivery apps?
Authors: Song Chao , Li Wenyue , Cui Ying , Li Beisi , Chen Zhongdan , Snider Paige , Long Ying , Liu Ailing , Galea Gauden 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Chinese urban residents consume more salt from meals prepared outside home than in the past. The purpose of this study is to understand Chinese consumer demand for salt reduction as expressed through their orders on meal delivery apps (MDAs), restaurants’ willingness to promote salt reduction, and the extent to which restaurants comply with reduced salt requests.

Methods
We analyzed consumer comments extracted from 718 restaurants on a Chinese MDA called ELEME for orders made in the July-December 2020 timeframe. A self-designed questionnaire was distributed to the restaurant managers to assess restaurants’ attitude towards salt reduction upon signing up for the study, and laboratory validation was conducted to test whether dishes ordered with reduced salt requests by consumers actually contained less salt.

Results
A total of 25,982 (0.7%) orders out of 3,630,798 orders contained consumer comments. Of the consumer comments, 40.6% (10,549) were about requests for less salt in dishes. Totally 91.5% of 421 surveyed restaurants showed a willingness to respond to consumers’ reduced salt requests. The median sodium content measured in the reduced-salt dishes by the laboratory was significantly lower than that in their regular salt counterparts (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
We observed substantial consumer demand for salt reduction while ordering meals on the MDA and that restaurants did, in response, reduce the sodium content in the meals they provided. As meals delivered via MDAs comprise an increasing proportion of outside foods consumed, there is an opportunity for public health experts and policy makers to work with MDAs and restaurants to promote healthier food selections.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2100047729.
Evaluation of the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography image segmentation of isolated tooth roots based on the dynamic threshold method
Authors: Su Sha , Liu Yu-meng , Zhan Li-ping , Gao Si-yuan , He Cai , Zhang Qing , Huang Xiao-feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Accurate quantification of the root surface area (RSA) plays a decisive role in the advancement of periodontal, orthodontic, and restorative treatment modalities. In this study, we aimed to develop a dynamic threshold-based computer-aided system for segmentation and calculation of the RSA of isolated teeth on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to assess the accuracy of the measured data.

Method
We selected 24 teeth to be extracted, including single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth, from 22 patients who required tooth extraction. In the experimental group, we scanned 24 isolated teeth using CBCT with a voxel size of 0.3 mm. We designed a computer-aided system based on a personalized dynamic threshold algorithm to automatically segment the roots of 24 isolated teeth in CBCT images and calculate the RSA. In the control group, we employed digital intraoral scanner devices to perform optical scanning on 24 isolated teeth and subsequently manually segmented the roots using 3-matic software to calculate the RSA. We used the paired t-test (P < 0.05) and Bland-Altman plots to analyze the consistency of the two measurement methods.

Results
The results of the paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the RSAs obtained using the dynamic threshold method and the optical scanning image reconstruction (t = 1.005, P = 0.325 > 0.05). As per the Bland-Altman plot, the results were evenly distributed within the region of ± 1.96 standard deviations of the mean, with no increasing or decreasing trends and good consistency.

Conclusion
In this study, we designed a computer-aided root segmentation system based on a personalized dynamic threshold algorithm to automatically segment the roots of isolated teeth in CBCT images with a voxel size of 0.3 mm. We found that the RSA calculated using this approach was highly accurate, and a voxel of 0.3 mm in size could accurately display the surface area data in CBCT images. Overall, our findings in this study provide a foundation for future work on accurate automatic segmentation of tooth roots in full-mouth CBCT images and the computation of RSA.
Prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle based on gross and microscopic lesions in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Temesgen , Mamo Gezahegne , Zewude Aboma , Sirak Asegedech , Gumi Balako , Ameni Gobena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis mainly affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. Although paratuberculosis could be prevail in Ethiopia, there is a scarcity of epidemiological data on paratuberculosis in the country. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of paratuberculosis based on gross and microscopic lesions in cattle slaughtered at ELFORA Abattoir, central Ethiopia. Small intestines and associated lymph nodes of 400 apparently healthy cattle which were slaughtered at ELFORA export abattoir were examined for gross and microscopic lesions of paratuberculosis. The microscopic lesions were classified into four grades (I-IV) based on the type and number of cells infiltrated into the lesion. The prevalence of paratuberculosis was estimated on the basis of gross as well as microscopic lesion of paratuberculosis.

Results
The prevalence of paratuberculosis was 11.25% (95% Confidence interval, CI = 0.083–0.148) on the basis of gross lesion. However, relatively lower prevalence (2.0%, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.039) was recorded based on microscopic lesion. The gross lesions were characterized by intestinal thickening, mucosal corrugations and enlargement of associated mesenteric lymph nodes. On the other hand, the microscopic lesions were characterized by granuloma of different grades ranging from grade I to grade III lesions.

Conclusions
The present study indicated the occurrence of paratuberculosis in cattle of Ethiopia based on the detection of gross and microscopic lesions consistent with the lesion of paratuberculosis. The result of this study could be used as baseline information for future studies on the epidemiology and economic significance of paratuberculosis.
CRISPR-Cas12a test strip (CRISPR/CAST) package: In-situ detection of Brucella from infected livestock
Authors: Dang Sheng , Sui Humujile , Zhang Shuai , Wu Dongxing , Chen Zeliang , Zhai Jingbo , Bai Meirong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by Brucella, which causes enormous economic losses and public burden to epidemic areas. Early and precise diagnosis and timely culling of infected animals are crucial to prevent the infection and spread of Brucella. In recent years, RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas12a(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and its associated protein 12a) nucleases have shown great promise in nucleic acid detection. This research aims to develop a CRISPR/CAST (CRISPR/Cas12a Test strip) package that can rapidly detect Brucella nucleic acid during on-site screening, especially on remote family pastures. The CRISPR/Cas12a system combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and lateral flow read-out.

Results
We selected the conserved gene bp26, which commonly used in Brucella infection detection and compared on Genbank with other Brucella species. The genomes of Brucella abortus 2308, Brucella suis S2, Brucella melitansis 16 M, and Brucella suis 1330, et al. were aligned, and the sequences were found to be consistent. Therefore, the experiments were only performed on B. melitensis. With the CRISPR/CAST package, the assay of Brucella nucleic acid can be completed within 30 min under isothermal temperature conditions, with a sensitivity of 10 copies/μl. Additionally, no antigen cross-reaction was observed against Yersinia enterocolitica O:9, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica serovar Urbana O:30, and Francisella tularensis. The serum samples of 398 sheep and 100 cattle were tested by the CRISPR/CAST package, of which 31 sheep and 8 cattle were Brucella DNA positive. The detection rate was consistent with the qPCR results and higher than that of the Rose Bengal Test (RBT, 19 sheep and 5 cattle were serum positive).

Conclusions
The CRISPR/CAST package can accurately detect Brucella DNA in infected livestock within 30 min and exhibits several advantages, including simplicity, speed, high sensitivity, and strong specificity with no window period. In addition, no expensive equipment, standard laboratory, or professional operators are needed for the package. It is an effective tool for screening in the field and obtaining early, rapid diagnoses of Brucella infection. The package is an efficient tool for preventing and controlling epidemics.
Clinical significance of tumor deposits in gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Song Xiaohai , Liu Kai , Liao Xuliang , Zhu Yunfeng , Peng BoQiang , Zhang Weihan , Zhao Linyong , Chen Xiaolong , Yang Kun , Hu Jiankun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
The value of tumor deposits (TDs) in the prognosis and staging of gastric cancer (GC) is still under debate. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of TDs and the best ways to incorporate TDs in the TNM classification of GC.

Methods
Patients (n = 3460) undergoing curative gastrectomy for GC in the West China Hospital from 2005 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups according to the TD status (positive vs. negative). Later, clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) between the two groups were compared. Thereafter, the associations between the presence of TD and other clinicopathological factors were evaluated through logistic regression. In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were conducted for determining prognostic factors. The possibility of selection bias was reduced through conducting the 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. The modified classification systems proposed previously that incorporated TDs into the TNM staging system were assessed.

Results
There were 10.5% of patients (362/3460) diagnosed with TDs. TDs were significantly related to unfavorable factors such as advanced T stage and N stage and independently associated with poor prognosis. The 5-year OS of patients with TDs was significantly lower than that of patients without TDs (31.0% vs. 60.9%, P < 0.001), whereas higher than that of patients with peritoneal metastasis (31.0% vs. 5.0%, P < 0.001). In patients receiving chemotherapy, the 5-year OS of patients with TDs was also significantly lower than that of patients without TDs (42.0% vs. 50.9%, P = 0.026). Moreover, the system incorporating TDs in the TNM classification as metastatic lymph nodes outperformed others.

Conclusions
TDs are related to the aggressive characteristics and are an independent prognostic factor for GC. Incorporating TDs in the TNM classification as the metastatic lymph nodes increases the accuracy in predicting prognosis.
Molecular mechanism of vimentin nuclear localization associated with the migration and invasion of daughter cells derived from polyploid giant cancer cells
Authors: Fan Linlin , Zheng Minying , Zhou Xinyue , Yu Yongjun , Ning Yidi , Fu Wenzheng , Xu Jing , Zhang Shiwu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), a specific type of cancer stem cells (CSCs), can be induced by hypoxic microenvironments, chemical reagents, radiotherapy, and Chinese herbal medicine. Moreover, PGCCs can produce daughter cells that undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which leads to cancer recurrence and disseminated metastasis. Vimentin, a mesenchymal cell marker, is highly expressed in PGCCs and their daughter cells (PDCs) and drives migratory persistence. This study explored the molecular mechanisms by which vimentin synergistically regulates PGCCs to generate daughter cells with enhanced invasive and metastatic properties.

Methods
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) was used to induce the formation of PGCCs in Hct116 and LoVo cells. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical assays were performed to determine the subcellular localization of vimentin. Cell function assays were performed to compare the invasive metastatic abilities of the PDCs and control cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying vimentin expression and nuclear translocation were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, cell function assays, cell transfection, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by sequencing. Finally, animal xenograft experiments and clinical colorectal cancer samples were used to study vimentin expression in tumor tissues.

Results
Daughter cells derived from PGCCs showed strong proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities, in which vimentin was highly expressed and located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Vimentin undergoes small ubiquitin-like modification (SUMOylation) by interacting with SUMO1 and SUMO2/3, which are associated with nuclear translocation. P62 regulates nuclear translocation of vimentin by controlling SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 expression. In the nucleus, vimentin acts as a transcription factor that regulates CDC42, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D to promote PDC invasion and migration. Furthermore, animal experiments and human colorectal cancer specimens have confirmed the nuclear translocation of vimentin.

Conclusion
P62-dependent SUMOylation of vimentin plays an important role in PDC migration and invasion. Vimentin nuclear translocation and overexpressed P62 of cancer cells may be used to predict patient prognosis, and targeting vimentin nuclear translocation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for metastatic cancers.
DNMT1 SNPs (rs2114724 and rs2228611) associated with positive symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ping Junjiao , Wan Jing , Huang Caiying , Yu Jinming , Luo Jiali , Xing Zhiqiang , Luo Xingguang , Du Baoguo , Jiang Tingyun , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with complex clinical manifestations, while its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood. Accumulated evidence suggested the alteration in epigenetic pathway was associated with clinical features and brain dysfunctions in schizophrenia. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), a key enzyme for DNA methylation, are related to the development of schizophrenia, whereas the current research evidence is not sufficient. The aim of study was to explore the effects of gene polymorphisms of DNMTs on the susceptibility and symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods
The study was case–control study that designed and employed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as the diagnostic standard. 134 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in the Third People's Hospital of Zhongshan City from January 2018 to April 2020 (Case group) as well as 64 healthy controls (Control group) from the same region were involved. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNMT1 genes (r s2114724 and rs 2228611) and DNMT3B genes (rs 2424932, rs 1569686, rs 6119954 and rs 2424908) were determined with massARRAY. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and haplotype analysis were performed, and genotype and allele frequencies were compared. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was tested by the Chi-square test in SPSS software (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., USA). The severity of clinical symptoms was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The correlation between DNMT1 genes (rs 2114724 and rs 2228611) and DNMT3B genes (rs2424932, rs1569686, rs6119954 and rs2424908) and clinical features was analyzed.

Results
There were no significant differences in genotype, allele frequency and haplotype of DNMT1 genes (rs 2114724 and rs 2228611) and DNMT3B genes (rs 2424932, rs 1569686, rs 6119954 and rs 2424908) between the case and healthy control group. There were significant differences in the PANSS total positive symptom scores, P3 (hallucinatory behavior), P6 (suspicious/persecution), G7 (motor retardation), and G15 (preoccupation) in patients with different DNMT1 gene rs 2114724 and rs 2228611 genotypes. The linkage disequilibrium analysis of gene polymorphic loci revealed that rs 2114724–rs 2228611 was complete linkage disequilibrium, and rs 1569686–rs 2424908, rs 2424932–rs 1569696 and rs 2424932–rs 2424908 were strongly linkage disequilibrium.

Conclusion
The polymorphisms alteration in genetic pathway may be associated with development of specific clinical features in schizophrenia.
Anterior cingulate cortex regulates pain catastrophizing-like behaviors in rats
Authors: Jee Hyun Jung , Zhu Elaine , Sun Mengqi , Liu Weizhuo , Zhang Qiaosheng , Wang Jing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNegative pain expectation including pain catastrophizing is a well-known clinical phenomenon whereby patients amplify the aversive value of a painful or oftentimes even a similar, non-painful stimulus. Mechanisms of pain catastrophizing, however, remain elusive. Here, we modeled pain catastrophizing behavior in rats, and found that rats subjected to repeated noxious pin pricks on one paw demonstrated an aversive response to similar but non-noxious mechanical stimuli delivered to the contralateral paw. Optogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neuron activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during the application of repetitive noxious pin pricks eliminated this catastrophizing behavior. Time-lapse calcium (Ca2+) imaging in the ACC further revealed an increase in spontaneous neural activity after the delivery of noxious stimuli. Together these results suggest that the experience of repeated noxious stimuli may drive hyperactivity in the ACC, causing increased avoidance of subthreshold stimuli, and that reducing this hyperactivity may play a role in treating pain catastrophizing.
An accurate DFT study within conformational survey of the d-form serine−alanine protected dipeptide
Authors: Chahkandi Behzad , Chahkandi Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe conformational analysis of n-formyl-d-serine-d-alanine-NH2 dipeptide was studied using density functional theory methods at B3LYP, B3LYP‒D3, and M06‒2X levels using 6‒311 + G (d,p) basis set in the gas and water phases. 87 conformers of 243 stable ones were located and the rest of them were migrated to the more stable geometries. Migration pattern suggests the more stable dipeptide model bears serine in βL, γD, γL and the alanine in γL and γD configurations. The investigation of side‒chain‒backbone interactions revealed that the most stable conformer, γD–γL, is in the β‒turn region of Ramachandran map; therefore, serine-alanine dipeptide model should be adopted with a β‒turn conformation. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in β‒turns consideration by QTAIM disclosed γD–γL includes three hydrogen bonds. The computed UV‒Vis spectrum alongside of NBO calculation showed the five main electronic transition bands derived of n → n* of intra‒ligand alanine moiety of dipeptide structure.