bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SB203580 promote EGF‐stimulated early morphological differentiation in PC12 cell through activating ERK pathway†
Authors: New Liguo , Li Yingqiu , Ge Baoxue , Zhong Hongyin , Mansbridge Jonathan , Liu Kang , Han Jiahuai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMAP kinases have important role in PC12 cell differentiation, since the activities of both extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 have been indicated as necessary signal for PC12 cell differentiation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and NGF both activate ERK and p38 in PC12 cells, but only NGF trigger differentiation. It has been proposed that the duration of ERK activation determines the switch from proliferation to differentiation, since EGF causes more transient activation of ERK than NGF in PC12 cells. Here we report that treatment of PC12 cells with EGF in the presence of SB203580, a widely used p38 inhibitor, caused differentiation. The pro‐differentiation effect of SB203580 in EGF‐treated PC12 cells was found to be independent of its function of p38 inhibition but was through an effect on the ERK pathway that has been recently reported (Kalmes et al. [1999] FEBS Lett. 444: 71–74; Hall‐Jackson et al. [1999] Onc. 18: 2047–2054). We found that SB203580 by itself did not affect the activity of ERK1/2 but significantly extended EGF‐induced ERK activation in PC12 cells, which resulted in early morphological differentiation. Our data indicated that although both ERK and p38 are required for PC12 cell differentiation, activation of p38 is not required when ERK is superactivated. Our data provided further evidence for the threshold theory that differentiation is determined by the duration of ERK activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 585–596, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern recognition strategies for molecular surfaces. II. Surface complementarity
Authors: Exner Thomas E. , Keil Matthias , Brickmann Jürgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFuzzy logic based algorithms for the quantitative treatment of complementarity of molecular surfaces are presented. Therein, the overlapping surface patches defined in article I1 of this series are used. The identification of complementary surface patches can be considered as a first step for the solution of molecular docking problems. Standard technologies can then be used for further optimization of the resulting complex structures. The algorithms are applied to 33 biomolecular complexes. After the optimization with a downhill simplex method, for all these complexes one structure was found, which is in very good agreement with the experimental results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1188–1197, 2002
Definitive heat of formation of methylenimine, CH2NH, and of methylenimmonium ion, CH2NH2+, by means of W2 theory
Authors: de Oliveira Glênisson , Martin Jan M. L. , Silwal Indira K. C. , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA long‐standing controversy concerning the heat of formation of methylenimine has been addressed by means of the W2 (Weizmann‐2) thermochemical approach. Our best calculated values, ΔH°f,298(CH2NH) = 21.1±0.5 kcal/mol and ΔH°f,298(CH2NH2+) = 179.4±0.5 kcal/mol, are in good agreement with the most recent measurements but carry a much smaller uncertainty. As a byproduct, we obtain the first‐ever accurate anharmonic force field for methylenimine: upon consideration of the appropriate resonances, the experimental gas‐phase band origins are all reproduced to better than 10 cm−1. Consideration of the difference between a fully anharmonic zero‐point vibrational energy and B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ harmonic frequencies scaled by 0.985 suggests that the calculation of anharmonic zero‐point vibrational energies can generally be dispensed with, even in benchmark work, for rigid molecules. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1297–1305, 2001
Computational studies of reaction mechanisms of methane monooxygenase and ribonucleotide reductase
Authors: Torrent Maricel , Musaev Djamaladdin G. , Basch Harold , Morokuma Keiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn overview of the computational efforts made by our group during the last few years in the field of nonheme diiron proteins is presented. Through application of ab initio methodology to a reasonable set of molecular models, significant progress is made in understanding how the soluble Methane Monooxygenase system achieves the hydroxylation of methane and how the catalytic cycle of Ribonucleotide Reductase is initiated. In particular, the current studies reveal in more detail (1) the nature of key intermediates in the reaction cycles of these two metalloenzymes, (2) details of how the iron centers regulate the systems, and (3) important aspects of how the carboxylate ligands in the active sites may tailor the enzymatic needs of the metalloprotein. This knowledge also leads to novel connections between the two enzymes. The coordinative unsaturation and carboxylate shifts investigated herein are two properties that are likely to be of more general impact in nonheme proteins. The control of the redox chemistry of the enzyme by the binuclear metal center, also analyzed here, should find common ground among other bimetallic systems as well. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 59–76, 2002
Rapid grid‐based construction of the molecular surface and the use of induced surface charge to calculate reaction field energies: Applications to the molecular systems and geometric objects
Authors: Rocchia Walter , Sridharan Sundaram , Nicholls Anthony , Alexov Emil , Chiabrera Alessandro , Honig Barry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article describes a number of algorithms that are designed to improve both the efficiency and accuracy of finite difference solutions to the Poisson–Boltzmann equation (the FDPB method) and to extend its range of application. The algorithms are incorporated in the DelPhi program. The first algorithm involves an efficient and accurate semianalytical method to map the molecular surface of a molecule onto a three‐dimensional lattice. This method constitutes a significant improvement over existing methods in terms of its combination of speed and accuracy. The DelPhi program has also been expanded to allow the definition of geometrical objects such as spheres, cylinders, cones, and parallelepipeds, which can be used to describe a system that may also include a standard atomic level depiction of molecules. Each object can have a different dielectric constant and a different surface or volume charge distribution. The improved definition of the surface leads to increased precision in the numerical solutions of the PB equation that are obtained. A further improvement in the precision of solvation energy calculations is obtained from a procedure that calculates induced surface charges from the FDPB solutions and then uses these charges in the calculation of reaction field energies. The program allows for finite difference grids of large dimension; currently a maximum of 5713 can be used on molecules containing several thousand atoms and charges. As described elsewhere, DelPhi can also treat mixed salt systems containing mono‐ and divalent ions and provide electrostatic free energies as defined by the nonlinear PB equation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 128–137, 2002
Validity of the pediatric inpatient behavior scale in an inpatient psychiatric setting
Authors: Kronenberger William G. , Causey David , Carter Bryan D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStandardized assessment of children's behavior during psychiatric hospitalization is increasingly important for evaluation, chart documentation, treatment planning, and outcome monitoring, yet little research has been done to validate the use of behavior checklists developed specifically to assess in‐hospital behavior. The Pediatric Inpatient Behavior Scale (PIBS) was evaluated for its validity as a measure of behavior of children hospitalized on a psychiatric unit. Nurses completed the PIBS for 41 children, based on behavior observed during the first week of hospitalization. DSM‐IV diagnoses and major symptoms were coded based on chart review, and children completed self‐report measures of depression and anxiety. The Pediatric Inpatient Behavior Scale subscale scores were related significantly to diagnosis, as well as to major symptoms, correctly classifying 75 to 85% of cases. The Pediatric Inpatient Behavior Scale subscale scores also significantly correlated with self‐reported symptoms of depression, but not symptoms of state anxiety. Results support the use of the PIBS as a behavioral instrument for hospitalized children with severe psychopathology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1421–1434, 2001.
EMDR: A putative neurobiological mechanism of action
Authors: Stickgold Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerous studies have provided evidence for the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including recent studies showing it to be more efficient than therapist‐directed flooding. But few theoretical explanations of how EMDR might work have been offered. Shapiro, in her original description of EMDR, proposed that its directed eye movements mimic the saccades of rapid eye movement sleep (REM), but provided no clear explanation of how such mimicry might lead to clinical improvement. We now revisit her original proposal and present a complete model for how EMDR could lead to specific improvement in PTSD and related conditions. We propose that the repetitive redirecting of attention in EMDR induces a neurobiological state, similar to that of REM sleep, which is optimally configured to support the cortical integration of traumatic memories into general semantic networks. We suggest that this integration can then lead to a reduction in the strength of hippocampally mediated episodic memories of the traumatic event as well as the memories' associated, amygdala‐dependent, negative affect. Experimental data in support of this model are reviewed and possible tests of the model are suggested. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 61–75, 2002.
Involvement of the cardiac ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Marks Andrew R. , Priori Silvia , Memmi Mirella , Kontula Kimmo , Laitinen Päivi J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), the major calcium release channel on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in cardiomyocytes, has recently been shown to be involved in at least two forms of sudden cardiac death (SCD): (1) Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) or familial polymorphic VT (FPVT); and (2) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type 2 (ARVD2). Eleven RyR2 missense mutations have been linked to these diseases. All eleven RyR2 mutations cluster into 3 regions of RyR2 that are homologous to the three malignant hyperthermia (MH)/central core disease (CCD) mutation regions of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel RyR1. MH/CCD RyR1 mutations have been shown to alter calcium‐induced calcium release. Sympathetic nervous system stimulation leads to phosphorylation of RyR2 by protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 activates the channel. In conditions associated with high rates of SCD such as heart failure RyR2 is PKA hyperphosphorylated resulting in “leaky” channels. SR calcium leak during diastole can generate “delayed after depolarizations” that can trigger fatal cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., VT). We propose that RyR2 mutations linked to genetic forms of catecholaminergic‐induced SCD may alter the regulation of the channel resulting in increased SR calcium leak during sympathetic stimulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 1–6, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct physiological roles of the Gq‐coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors co‐expressed in the same neuronal populations
Authors: Valenti Ornella , Conn P. Jeffrey , Marino Michael J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, exhibit a high degree of sequence homology, and are often found co‐expressed in the same neuronal populations. These receptors couple to a broad array of effector systems, and are implicated in diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. Due to the high degree of sequence homology, and the findings that these receptors couple identically in recombinant systems, it has been generally assumed that these two group I mGluR subtypes would exhibit redundant function when co‐expressed in the same neurons. With the advent of subtype‐selective pharmacological tools, it has become possible to tease apart the functions of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the same neuron. The emerging picture is one of diverse function, which implies differential regulation. Interestingly, the group I mGluRs are modulated by a rich variety of regulatory systems, which may explain how these receptors can mediate divergent actions when present in the same cell. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 125–137, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells
Authors: Gronthos Stan , Franklin Dawn M. , Leddy Holly A. , Robey Pamela G. , Storms Robert W. , Gimble Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman bone marrow stromal cells are a multipotent population of cells capable of differentiating into a number of mesodermal lineages as well as supporting hematopoeisis. Their distinct protein and gene expression phenotype is well characterized in the literature. Human adipose tissue presents an alternative source of multipotent stromal cells. In this study, we have defined the phenotype of the human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells in both the differentiated and undifferentiated states. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry show that human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells have a protein expression phenotype that is similar to that of human bone marrow stromal cells. Expressed proteins include CD9, CD10, CD13, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD 49d, CD 49e, CD54, CD55, CD59, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD166. Expression of some of these proteins was further confirmed by PCR and immunoblot detection. Unlike human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells, we did not detect the STRO‐1 antigen on human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells. Cells cultured under adipogenic conditions uniquely expressed C/EBPα and PPARδ, two transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis. Cells cultured under osteogenic conditions were more likely to be in the proliferative phases of the cell cycle based on flow cytometric analysis of PCNA and Ki67. The similarities between the phenotypes of human adipose tissue‐derived and human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells could have broad implications for human tissue engineering. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recovery of tartaric acid from industrial enological wastes
Authors: Versari Andrea , Castellari Massimo , Spinabelli Umberto , Galassi Sergio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe recovery of tartaric acid (TA) from three industrial enological wastes: (i) cream of tartar, (ii) lees, and (iii) eluates from the regeneration of anion exchange resins used for the production of grape liquid sugar, was studied. Recovery of TA ranged between 58 and 99%, the highest being from cream of tartar. The level of addition of calcium salts is important to improve the recovery of calcium tartrate from lees and eluates. A significant inverse correlation between TA recovery and the percentage of organic acids, except for tartaric acid, was found; this index may help to optimize the level of calcium addition. Enological eluates would represent a commercial source of malic acid (recovery of 51%).© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid 1: Photo‐assisted ozonation
Authors: Beltran J , Torregrosa J , Dominguez J R , Peres J A 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe oxidation of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution by UV radiation and by photo‐assisted ozonation (UV+O3) has been studied. The effects of temperature (10, 20, 30 and 40 °C), pH (2, 5, 7 and 9) and ozone partial pressure (0.10–0.38 kPa) on the conversion of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid were established. Experimental results indicated that the kinetics for both oxidation processes fit pseudo‐first‐order kinetics well. In the combined process, the overall kinetic rate constant was split into two components: direct oxidation by UV radiation (photolysis) and oxidation by free radicals (mainly OH·) generated in the system. The importance of these two reaction paths for each specific value of ozone partial pressure, temperature and pH was quantified. Lastly, a general expression is proposed for the reaction rate which takes into account the two reaction pathways and is a function of known operating variables.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in blood flow velocity in the middle and anterior cerebral arteries evoked by walking
Authors: Nedeltchev Krassen , Arnold Marcel , Nirkko Arto , Sturzenegger Mathias , Rihs Frank , Bühler Robert , Mattle Heinrich P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTranscranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is an established method for assessing changes in blood flow velocity (BFV) coupled to brain activity. Our objective was to investigate whether walking induces measurable changes in BFV in healthy subjects.MethodsChanges in BFV in both middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of 40 healthy adult subjects during walking on a treadmill were measured using bilateral TCD. In 8 of the 40 subjects, 1 anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was monitored simultaneously with the contralateral MCA. The percentage increase in BFV (BFVI%) compared with the baseline velocity (V0), the percentage decrease in BFV (BFVD%) compared with the V0, and the normalized ACA‐MCA ratio were analyzed.ResultsThe overall mean (± standard deviation [SD]) V0 was 59.9 ± 11.6 cm/second in the left MCA and 60.1 ± 12.9 cm/second in the right MCA. Women had higher V0 values than men had. Walking evoked an initial mean overall BFVI% in both left (8.4 ± 5.1%) and right MCAs (9.1 ± 5.1%), followed by a decrease to below baseline values in 38 of 40 subjects. A statistically significant increase of the normalized ACA‐MCA ratio was measured, indicating that changes in BFV in the ACA territory were coupled to brain activation during walking.ConclusionsThe use of functional TCD showed different changes in BFV in the ACAs and MCAs during walking. This method may be an interesting tool for monitoring progress in patients with motor deficits of the legs, such as paresis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:132–138, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10047
Role of sonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder perforation
Authors: Sood Bimal P. , Kalra Naveen , Gupta Sanjay , Sidhu Ravinder , Gulati Madhu , Khandelwal Niranjan , Suri Sudha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeGallbladder perforation is a dreaded complication of acute cholecystitis that is associated with a high mortality rate. Early detection of gallbladder perforation reduces the associated mortality and morbidity rates. The purpose of this study was to highlight the role of sonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder perforation and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of sonography with that of CT.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the sonographic and CT findings in surgically proven cases of gallbladder perforation.ResultsIn 18 of 23 cases, both sonography and CT had been performed; in the other 5 cases, only sonography had been performed. Sonography helped to diagnose the defect in the gallbladder wall and gallbladder perforation in 16 (70%) of 23 patients. In the 18 cases in which both sonography and CT had been performed, sonography showed the wall defect in 11 cases (61%), whereas CT was diagnostic in 14 cases (78%). The difference between sonography and CT in the ability to visualize a defect in the gallbladder wall was not statistically significant.ConclusionsSonography is useful for diagnosing gallbladder perforation and detecting the defect in the gallbladder wall. We believe that sonography should be the first‐line imaging modality for evaluating the patients in these cases. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:270–274, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10071
Development of a web‐based SEM specifically for K–12 education
Authors: Chumbley L.S. , Cassucio G. , Kritikos D. , Lentz H. , Mannes C. , Mehta K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe scanning electron microscope (SEM) is uniquely suited for use in education due to its ability to produce clear three‐dimensional‐looking images of virtually any sample. Elementary and secondary science textbooks regularly contain SEM images of bugs, plants, human tissue, rocks, etc. as a means of illustrating the microscopic world to students. However, despite the widespread use of SEM images for educational purposes microscope companies have virtually ignored the area of education in their development and design of SEMs, due presumably to a perceived lack of marketing potential in this area. This article presents the results of a program aimed at developing a Web‐based SEM that is specifically designed for educational use by students and teachers in precollege classrooms. While virtually all companies tout some form of remote control, no concerted effort has been made to fully develop these capabilities for use by the education sector. The microscope under development, termed the WebSEM, seeks to remedy this situation and address this neglected market. Remote control of the WebSEM is possible by means of a simple web interface that allows the users a wide range of controls, depending on the skill of the operator at the remote site. The web interface is specifically designed to be simple and reliable such that little or no training is required for use. This joint effort between educators and a microscope manufacturer is the first attempt at the development of a truly education‐oriented SEM suitable for use in the classroom. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:454–461, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation of Dlx and Emx gene cognates in an agnathan species, Lampetra japonica, and their expression patterns during embryonic and larval development: Conserved and diversified regulatory patterns of homeobox genes in vertebrate head evolution
Authors: Myojin Miyoko , Ueki Tatsuya , Sugahara Fumiaki , Murakami Yasunori , Shigetani Yasuyo , Aizawa Shinichi , Hirano Shigeki , Kuratani Shigeru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAgnathan cognates of vertebrate homeobox genes, Emx and Dlx, were isolated from embryonic cDNA of a Japanese marine lamprey, Lampetra japonica. Analyses of amino acid sequences indicated that the Dlx cognate was closely related to the common ancestor of gnathostome Dlx1 and Dlx6 groups and termed LjDlx1/6. Southern blot analyses could not rule out the possibility that L. japonica possesses more than one paralog for both LjDlx1/6 and LjEmx, the lamprey cognate of Emx. Expression of LjDlx1/6 was regulated spatially as well as developmentally, and its transcripts were mainly found in the craniofacial and pharyngeal mesenchyme and in the forebrain. The expression pattern of LjEmx changed dramatically during embryogenesis; expression was seen initially in the entire neural tube and mesoderm, which were secondarily downregulated, and secondarily in cranial nerve ganglia and in the craniofacial mesenchyme. No specific expression of LjEmx was seen in the telencephalon. Comparisons of Dlx and Otx gene expression patterns suggested a shared neuromeric pattern of the vertebrate brain. Absence of Emx expression implied that the patterning of the lamprey telencephalon is not based on the tripartite plan that has been presumed in gnathostomes. Expression domains of LjDlx1/6 in the upper lip and of LjEmx in the craniofacial mesenchyme were peculiar features that have not been known in gnathostomes. Such differences in expression pattern may underlie distinct morphogenetic pathway of the mandibular arch between the agnathans and gnathostomes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 291:68–84, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.