bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Momordica charantia and Mucuna pruriens in experimental diabetes and their effect on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Rathi S. S. , Grover J. K. , Vats V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed traditional plant therapies. Two such plants, i.e. Momordica charantia (MC) and Mucuna pruriens (MP), earlier shown to reduce hyperglycaemia, were assessed for their anti hyperglycaemic effect on varying degrees of hyperglycaemia and diabetic complications. Alcohol and aqueous extracts of MC (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) and only an alcohol extract of MP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in a pilot study (plasma glucose >180 mg/dL, 21 days), a chronic study in alloxanized rats (plasma glucose >280 mg/dL, 120 days) and streptozotocin (STZ) mice (plasma glucose >400 mg/dL, 60 days). In the pilot study, the maximum antihyperglycaemic effect occurred with an aqueous extract of MC at week 3 and an alcohol extract of MP at week 6 at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. In chronic alloxanized rats, the selected dose of MC led to a significant fall of 64.33%, 66.96%, 69.7% and 70.53% in plasma glucose levels at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, respectively. MP showed a decrease of 40.71%, 45.63%, 50.33% and 51.01% at the same time period. In chronic STZ diabetic mice, MC led to a mean reduction of 15.37%, 18.68% and 22.86% in plasma glucose levels on days 40, 50 and 60 of sampling while MP had no significant effect. The alteration in hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content and hepatic glucokinase, hexokinase, glucose‐6‐phosphate and phosphofructokinase levels in diabetic mice were partially restored by MC but not by MP. The mechanism of action of MC and MP is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sedative and anticonvulsant activities of goodyerin, a flavonol glycoside from Goodyera schlechtendaliana
Authors: Du Xiao‐Ming , Sun Ning‐Yi , Takizawa Nanako , Guo Yong‐Tian , Shoyama Yukihiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGoodyerin is a flavonol glycoside isolated from the whole plants of Goodyera schlechtendaliana which has been used as a substitute for the crude drug, Anoectochilus formosanus. The pharmacological properties of goodyerin were assayed for effects on spontaneous locomotor activity, on pentobarbital‐induced hypnosis, and on anticonvulsant activity against picrotoxin‐induced seizures in rodents. Goodyerin exhibited a significant and dose‐dependent sedative and anticonvulsant effect. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of luteolin on the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Ko W. G. , Kang T. H. , Lee S. J. , Kim Y. C. , Lee B. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLuteolin, a flavonoid isolated from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia, has been examined with regard to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia HL‐60 cells. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of the growth after 96 h was 15 ± 1.1 μM. The mode of cell death induced by luteolin was found to be apoptosis, as judged by the morphologic alteration of the cells and by the detection of DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis. The degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and flow cytometric analysis. These results suggest that luteolin may be used as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polysaccharides isolated from Echinacea purpurea herba cell cultures to counteract undesired effects of chemotherapy—a pilot study
Authors: Melchart Dieter , Clemm Christof , Weber Bernhard , Draczynski Thorsten , Worku Felege , Linde Klaus , Weidenhammer Wolfgang , Wagner Hildebert , Saller Reinhard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an open prospective study with matched historical controls we aimed to evaluate whether a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the herb Echinacea purpurea could counteract the undesired effects of ­chemotherapy. Fifteen patients with advanced gastric cancer undergoing palliative chemotherapy with etoposide, leucovorin and 5‐fluorouracil (ELF) received for 10 days (beginning 3 days before chemotherapy) daily i.v. injections of 2 mg of a polysaccharide fraction isolated from Echinacea purpurea herb cell cultures (EPS‐EPO VIIa). The median number of leukocytes 14–16 days after chemotherapy was 3630/μL (range 1470–5770) in the patients receiving EPS‐EPO VIIa compared with 2370/μL (870–3950) in the patients of the historical control group (p = 0.015). EPS‐EPO VIIa had no clinically relevant effects on phagocytic activity of granulocytes or on lymphocyte subpopulations. Sixty‐eight adverse events including two deaths were observed, most likely due to chemotherapy and the general condition of the patients. However, an association with the test intervention cannot be ruled out completely. The results of this pilot study suggest that EPS‐EPO VIIa might be effective in reducing chemotherapy‐induced leukopenia. The efficacy and safety should be investigated in further studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Mangifera indica L. extract (QF808) on protein and hepatic microsome peroxidation
Authors: Martínez Gregorio , Giuliani Attilia , León Olga Sonia , Pérez Gema , Núñez Selles Alberto J 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antioxidant activities of QF808, a steam bark extract of Mangifera indica L., were studied on hydroxyl‐mediated oxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and in a hepatic microsome system. The extract was effective in reducing the oxidation of BSA, since its half‐ maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) was 0.0049% w/v in the inhibition of carbonyl group formation and lower than 0.0025% w/v in the inhibition of sulfhydryl group loss. QF808 inhibited lipid peroxidation which was initiated enzymatically by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), IC50= 0.00075% w/v, or non‐enzymatically by ascorbic acid, IC50 = 0.0126% w/v. The extract tested did not inhibit NADPH‐dependent cytochrome P‐450 reductase activity, since it had no effect on the oxidation rate of NADPH. These results suggest that QF808 has an antioxidant activity, probably due to its ability to scavenge free radicals involved in microsome lipid peroxidation. In addition, QF808 antioxidant profile in vitro is probably similar to its principal polyphenolic component, mangiferin, a glycosylated xanthone. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy and tolerability of a standardized willow bark extract in patients with osteoarthritis: randomized placebo‐controlled, double blind clinical trial
Authors: Schmid B , Lüdtke R , Selbmann H‐K , Kötter I , Tschirdewahn B , Schaffner W , Heide L 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study assessed the clinical efficacy of a chemically standardized willow bark extract in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Willow bark extract, in a dose corresponding to 240 mg salicin/day, was compared with placebo in a 2‐week, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial. The primary outcome measure was the pain dimension of the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. Secondary outcome measures included the stiffness and physical function dimensions of the WOMAC, daily visual analogue scales (VAS) on pain and physical function, and final overall assessments by both patients and investigators. A total of 78 patients (39 willow bark extract, 39 placebo) participated in the trial. A statistically significant difference between the active treatment and the placebo group was observed in the WOMAC pain dimension (d = 6.5 mm, 95% C.I. = 0.2–12.7 mm, p = 0.047); the WOMAC pain score was reduced by 14% from the baseline level after 2 weeks of active treatment, compared with an increase of 2% in the placebo group. The patient diary VAS confirmed this result, and likewise the final overall assessments showed superiority of the willow bark extract over the placebo (patients' assessment, p = 0.0002; investigators' assessment, p = 0.0073). It is concluded that the willow bark extract showed a moderate analgesic effect in osteoarthritis and appeared to be well tolerated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial properties of star anise (Illicium verum Hook f)
Authors: De Minakshi , De Amit Krishna , Sen Parimal , Banerjee Arun Baran 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStar anise (Illicium verum Hook f) has been shown to possess potent antimicrobial properties. Chemical studies indicate that a major portion of this antimicrobial property is due to anethole present in the dried fruit. Studies with isolated anethole (compared with standard anethole) indicated that it is effective against bacteria, yeast and fungal strains. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunomodulatory activity of septilin, a polyherbal preparation
Authors: Daswani B. R. , Yegnanarayan Radha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeptilin is a polyherbal preparation, claimed to be effective in conditions such as chronic stubborn URTI, tonsillitis, cutaneous infections, dental infections and also prescribed as a health supplement. In view of this, the present experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Septilin on different arms of the immune system. The experimental animals (male albino rats and mice) were divided into three groups. Group I received distilled water; group II received Septilin in a dose of 1 g/kg (rats) or 1.5 g/kg (mice); group III received Septilin 2 g/kg (rats) or 3 g/kg (mice) orally for 28 days. They were evaluated for immunological function on day 29 by studying weight gain, resistance against E. coli sepsis, haemogram, phagocytic activity of PMN cells and reticuloendothelial system, delayed hypersensitivity to oxazolone and the plaque forming cell response of splenic lymphocytes to sheep erythrocytes.
Neither of the doses of Septilin altered weight gain, absolute lymphocyte counts, or host resistance against E. coli sepsis. The higher dose of Septilin reduced phagocytic activity of the PMN cells/reticuloendothelial system, but both doses increased the percentage and absolute number of circulating neutrophils, stimulated humoral immunity and suppressed cellular immunity.Thus, Septilin has dual effects on the immune system, with lower doses showing greater stimulant and higher doses showing predominantly suppressant effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing computer systems against 21 CFR Part 11: developing a checklist
Authors: Carter Angela , Lou Clark Mary 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 21 CFR Part 11 Checklist can satisfy many business, process, and educational needs of companies that use computer systems that must comply with Part 11. This article identifies a strategy for creating your own Part 11 Checklist. Suggestions are presented for: analyzing and sorting the regulations into manageable units; organizing the Checklist; adding supportive information to help users understand and navigate through the Checklist; and including enhancement features such as information mapping and special software. Finally, a sample excerpt from our own Checklist is provided. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A visual interface for model‐fitting
Authors: Smith Andrew J , Malik Zahid , Nelder John , Spence Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a tool which supports the activity of a human being in fitting a mathematical model to measured or simulated data. The tool offers two principal advantages; its use requires a minimum of statistical knowledge, and its visual and interactive nature ensures that its use is intuitive. The tool is novel in that, in the iterative and often exploratory construction of a model, it represents graphically the benefit of all possible single changes to the existing model; a single selection action suffices to add a new term to a model or to remove it. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach to solving problems of multi‐state system reliability optimization
Authors: Levitin Gregory , Lisnianski Anatoly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsually engineers try to achieve the required reliability level with minimal cost. The problem of total investment cost minimization, subject to reliability constraints, is well known as the reliability optimization problem. When applied to multi‐state systems (MSS), the system has many performance levels, and reliability is considered as a measure of the ability of the system to meet the demand (required performance). In this case, the outage effect will be essentially different for units with different performance rate. Therefore, the performance of system components, as well as the demand, should be taken into account. In this paper, we present a technique for solving a family of MSS reliability optimization problems, such as structure optimization, optimal expansion, maintenance optimization and optimal multistage modernization. This technique combines a universal generating function (UGF) method used for fast reliability estimation of MSS and a genetic algorithm (GA) used as an optimization engine. The UGF method provides the ability to estimate relatively quickly different MSS reliability indices for series‐parallel and bridge structures. It can be applied to MSS with different physical nature of system performance measure. The GA is a robust, universal optimization tool that uses only estimates of solution quality to determine the direction of search. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing experiments with degradation data for improving reliability and for achieving robust reliability
Authors: Chiao Chih‐Hua , Hamada Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStatistically designed experiments provide a proactive means for improving reliability; moreover, they can be used to design products that are robust to noise factors which are hard or impossible to control. Traditionally, failure‐time data have been collected; for high‐reliability products, it is unlikely that failures will occur in a reasonable testing period, so the experiment will be uninformative. An alternative, however, is to collect degradation data. Take, for example, fluorescent lamps whose light intensity decreases over time. Observation of light‐intensity degradation paths, given that they are smooth, provides information about the reliability of the lamp, and does not require the lamps to fail. This paper considers experiments with such data for ‘reliability improvement’, as well as for ‘robust reliability achievement’ using Taguchi's robust design paradigm. A two‐stage maximum‐likelihood analysis based on a nonlinear random‐effects model is proposed and illustrated with data from two experiments. One experiment considers the reliability improvement of fluorescent lamps. The other experiment focuses on robust reliability improvement of light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio calculations of the structural, energetic, and vibrational properties of some hydrogen bonded and van der Waals dimers. Part 4. The acetonitrile dimer
Authors: Ford Thomas A. , Glasser Leslie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe structures, interaction energies, Mulliken atomic charges, and vibrational spectra of five dimers of acetonitrile, CH3CN, have been determined by means of ab initio molecular orbital theory, at the second order level of Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, using the 6‐31++G(d,p) split‐valence polarized basis set, augmented with diffuse functions. The structural features of the dimers are discussed, as well as their respective interaction energies, which have been corrected for basis set superposition error by the full counterpoise technique of Boys and Bernardi. The atomic charge reorganizations resulting from dimerization have also been discussed. The vibrational wavenumbers and infrared intensities of each dimer have been computed and, in the case of the most probable dimer, they have been used to determine the wavenumber shifts relative to the corresponding modes of the monomer. The shifts have been compared with those in the infrared and Raman spectra of acetonitrile molecules trapped in cryogenic matrices, previously reported in the literature. The computed and experimental results support the conclusion that the favored dimer structure is a centrosymmetric cyclic species of C2h symmetry, stabilized by two weak CHN hydrogen bonds. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 84: 226–240, 2001
Rearrangement with formamide extrusion in the electrospray mass spectra of aminoacylbenzylamines
Authors: Chen Jing , Jiang Yang , Fu Hua , Chen Yi , Cheng Chang‐mei , Zhao Yu‐fen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral aminoacylbenzylamines and their analogs were synthesized and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry together with high‐resolution and tandem mass spectrometric techniques. Fragment ions ([M + H − CH3NO]+) were observed and attributed to a transfer of the benzyl group to the N‐terminal amino group, leading to elimination of formamide. The proposed mechanism is supported by accurate mass measurements, and by experiments on deuterium labeling and variations of functional groups. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioactive dahlein peptides from the skin secretions of the Australian aquatic frog Litoria dahlii: sequence determination by electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Wegener Kate L. , Brinkworth Craig S. , Bowie John H. , Wallace John C. , Tyler Michael J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEleven dahlein peptides are present in the skin secretion of the Australian aquatic frog Litoria dahlii. All peptides have been sequenced using a combination of electrospray mass spectrometry (ES‐MS) and Lys‐C digestion/MS, with each sequence confirmed by automated Edman sequencing. The 13‐residue dahlein 1 peptides (e.g. dahlein 1.1 GLFDIIKNIVSTL‐NH2) exhibit weak wide‐spectrum antimicrobial activity but no significant activity in the anticancer testing program of the National Cancer Institute (Washington). There are no potent antimicrobial peptides present in the glandular secretion, but the dahleins 5 strongly inhibit the formation of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (e.g. dahlein 5.1 GLLGSIGNAIGAFIANKLKP‐OH). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of perfluorooctanoic acid ammonium salt in human serum by high‐performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sottani Cristina , Minoia Claudio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA sensitive, specific, accurate and reproducible analytical method was developed and validated to quantify perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in human serum. After initial extraction with an ion‐paring reagent, the procedure for quantifying PFOA is based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced to negative ion tandem mass spectrometry, operating in selected ion monitoring mode. The retention times of PFOA and its internal standard (D,L‐malic acid) were 5.85 and 1.70 min, respectively. The assay was linear over the range 0–500 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification (LOQ) of 25 ng/mL, and with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.3%. The lower limit of detection (LOD) was assessed as 10 ng/mL. The overall precision and accuracy were assessed on three different days. The within‐ and between‐day precision was ≤9.7 and 6.8%, respectively, and the accuracy was in the range 96–114%. The mean extracted recovery assessed at three different concentrations (100, 250, and 500 ng/mL) was always more than 85%. With this method no derivatization procedure was needed, thus avoiding possible thermal and chemical decomposition reactions of PFOA. The assay was applied to quantify perfluorooctanoic acid in serum from employees exposed to fluorochemicals commonly used in industrial applications for polymer production. The quantitative results for PFOA blood levels were found to vary between 100 and 982 ng/mL. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron impact mass spectral fragmentation of chiral bisbenzoxazole, bisbenzothiazole and biscarbamide derivatives of 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Jiao Peng , Deng Dayi , Zhang Qihan , Tsang Chun Wai , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mass spectrometric fragmentation behaviour of five pairs of (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐4,5‐bis(benzoxazol‐2‐yl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane derivatives, one pair of (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐4,5‐bis(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolanes, and three pairs of (R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyaryl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dicarbamides, all important compounds for asymmetric catalysis (P. Jiao et al., Tetrahedron Asymmetry 2001; 12: 3081), has been studied with the aid of mass‐analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry and accurate mass measurements under electron impact ionization conditions. The spectral observations have been rationalized in terms of fragment ion structures and fragmentation mechanisms that will provide an aid to spectral interpretation for new compounds of this type. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy — pathogenesis and management
Authors: Xunrong Luo , Wing Yan Au , Liang Raymond , Lau George K. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an endemic area for chronic hepatitis B infection, reactivation of this virus is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy. Careful prospective serological testing has shown that hepatitis B virus reactivation is a two‐staged process. The initial stage occurs during intense cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy and is characterised by enhanced viral replication, as reflected by increases in the serum levels of hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase and infection of naïve hepatocytes with hepatitis B virus. The second stage is related to restoration of immune function following withdrawal of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy, which causes rapid immune‐mediated destruction of infected hepatocytes. Clinically, this can lead to hepatitis, hepatic failure and even death. The occurrence and severity of hepatitis B virus reactivation after various cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy is unpredictable and treatment has been disappointing, largely due to the late administration of therapy. Recently, pre‐emptive treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients undergoing cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy, with potent nucleoside analogues has shown some promising results. Further controlled studies are needed to define the incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B reactivation so that pre‐emptive treatment with nucleoside analogues could be administered to those patients at high risk of disease. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive exponential stabilization of mobile robots with unknown constant‐input disturbance
Authors: Wu Weiguo , Chen Huitang , Wang Yuejuan , Woo Peng‐Yung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper concentrates on the discussions on stabilization of mobile robots with unknown constant‐input disturbance. Continuous time‐varying adaptive controllers are designed for mobile robots in a chain‐form by using Lyapunov approach. With the property of homogeneous systems, uncertain mobile robots governed by the proposed control algorithms become homogeneous of order 0 to achieve exponential stability. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.