bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized volume-complexity for Lovelock black holes
Authors: Emami Monireh , Parvizi Shahrokh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the time dependence of the generalized complexity of Lovelock black holes using the “complexity = anything” conjecture, which expands upon the notion of “complexity = volume” and generates a large class of observables. By applying a specific condition, a more limited class can be chosen, whose time growth is equivalent to a conserved momentum. Specifically, we investigate the numerical full time behavior of complexity time rate, focusing on the second and third orders of Lovelock theory coupled with Maxwell term, incorporating an additional term – the square of the Weyl tensor of the background spacetime – into the generalization function. Furthermore, we repeat the analysis for case with three additional scalar terms: the square of Riemann and Ricci tensors, and the Ricci scalar for second-order gravity (Gauss–Bonnet) showing how these terms can affect to multiple asymptotic behavior of time. We study how the phase transition of generalized complexity and its time evolution occur at turning point

$$(\tau _{turning})$$

(

τ

turning

)

where the maximal generalized volume supersedes another branch. Additionally, we discuss the late time behavior, focusing on proportionality of the complexity time rate to the difference of temperature times entropy at the two horizons

$$(TS(r_+)-TS(r_-))$$

(
T
S

(

r
+

)

-
T
S

(

r
-

)

)

for charged black holes, which can be corrected by generalization function of each radius in generalized case. In this limit, we also explore near singularity structure by approximating spacetime to Kasner metrics and finding possible values of complexity growth rate with different choices of the generalization function.
Implications of Raychaudhuri equation and geodesic focusing in interacting two fluid systems
Authors: Chakraborty Madhukrishna , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present work analyses Raychaudhuri equation (RE) in Einstein gravity for two interacting fluids. Focusing theorem, a consequence of RE, is directly related to the singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking. In the present work, the signature of the Raychaudhuri scalar or convergence scalar has been examined for two types of interaction forms namely, (i)

$$Q=H(\alpha \rho _1+\beta \rho _2)$$

Q
=
H
(
α

ρ
1

+
β

ρ
2

)

(linear) and (ii)

$$Q=\dfrac{H\xi \rho _1\rho _2}{\alpha \rho _1+\beta \rho _2}$$

Q
=

H
ξ

ρ
1

ρ
2

α

ρ
1

+
β

ρ
2

(non-linear). Finally, the phenomena of focusing of a congruence of geodesics and possible avoidance of singularity have been discussed based on the nature of the two fluids and the interaction term operating between them.
Imbalance of Endogenous Opioids and Its Association With Pruritus Among Renal Transplant Recipients: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Krajewski Piotr K. , Sójka Aleksandra , Tyczyńska Kinga , Olczyk Piotr , Nowicka-Suszko Danuta , Krajewska Magdalena , Szepietowski Jacek C. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic pruritus (CP) is a common and distressing symptom among renal transplant recipients (RTRs), yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system may contribute to pruritus in various conditions, but its role in RTRs has not been thoroughly investigated.Objective: This study aimed to assess the concentrations of specific endogenous opioids (β‐endorphin, dynorphin A, met‐enkephalin, and leu‐enkephalin) in RTRs with and without pruritus to explore their potential role in pruritus pathogenesis.Methods: A total of 129 RTRs and 47 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum levels of β‐endorphin, dynorphin A, met‐enkephalin, and leu‐enkephalin were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Pruritus severity was assessed using the Worst Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (WP‐NRS) and the 4‐Item Itch Questionnaire (4IIQ).Results: Pruritic RTRs had significantly lower serum β‐endorphin levels compared to nonpruritic RTRs (p = 0.008). However, there were no significant differences in dynorphin A, met‐enkephalin, or leu‐enkephalin levels between pruritic and nonpruritic RTRs or between RTRs and healthy controls. The β‐endorphin to dynorphin A ratio also did not differ significantly between groups.Conclusion: The study suggests that disturbances in the endogenous opioid system, particularly involving β‐endorphin, may play a role in the pathogenesis of pruritus in RTRs. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and to explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting the opioid system in this population.
Abstract WMP2: A Trial of Patients Receiving Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Early Stroke (PRICES) in a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines: An Open Label Study
Authors: Ang Kevin Royce , Juangco Dan , Hernandez Maria Kim 
Published: January 2025

The treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is reperfusion. In addition, neuroprotective measures have influenced outcomes in mortality, morbidity, and disability. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a neuroprotective measure that minimizes ischemic reperfusion injury to the target organ. Previous trials have showed its safety and efficacy, but its impact to vascular cognitive impairment and quality of life is undermined. This study aimed to demonstrate its efficacy and impact in terms of disability, cognitive impairment, and quality of life.
This is a single center, open-label trial conducted in a tertiary center in the Philippines which included 104 patients randomized to RIC (n=52) and control (n=52) groups. One dose of RIC comprised of 4 cycles of BP cuff inflation 20mmHg above baseline systolic blood pressure (ceiling of 180mmHg) for 5 minutes followed by 5 minutes of cuff deflation; a total of 8 doses of RIC were given over four days with 12 hour intervals. The control arm did not receive cuff inflations; both groups received guideline-based standard stroke care.
Out of 104 patients, 10 (9.6%) were excluded from full analysis; 6 patients were excluded due to mortality, while 4 patients failed to undergo MOCA-P and HRQoL testing due to severe aphasia. RIC procedure was completed according to the study protocol in all enrolled 52 patients.
Both groups had similar baseline clinical and radiologic findings. NIHSS scores across admission, 24 hours, and discharge timepoints show significant change in the RIC group, while the control group only showed significant NIHSS change between the admission and 24 hour timepoints. The mean MOCA-P scores are 26.5 for RIC group vs control group (25.9). Subgroup analysis for MOCA-P classification showed that RIC group had more normal scores (70.8%) vs control group (65.2%). The control group also had more patients under moderate/severe scores (6.4%). The mean HRQoL score at 90 days for RIC group was 90.6 vs 84.7 for control group. Subgroup analysis showed that the RIC group had a mean pain score of 92.5 vs control group 78.7, which was statistically significant (p<0.01).
Remote ischemic conditioning in acute ischemic stroke reduced stroke severity during admission, and increased the likelihood of better quality of life at 90 days. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was more evident in patients who did not receive RIC, but these findings require replication in a larger trial to prove its statistical power.
Abstract WP148: Assessment of the modified Rankin Scale in Electronic Health Records with Deep Learning
Authors: Milani Marcus , Silva Luis , Bindra Sohum , Kumar Kompal , Jagtap Pramit , Chakravarthula Nitin Ramanujam , Ergen Halil , Frederickson Kaylee , Datta Abhigyan , Tessmer Megan , Cooper Dawson , Guo Yugene , Stangebye Alex , Valcinord Carl-Lewis , Yeung Jeremy , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Streib Christopher 
Published: January 2025

The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a commonly used functional outcome assessment in stroke clinical trials and has become an essential metric for stroke research. However, the mRS is not routinely obtained in clinical practice. When necessary, the mRS can be derived retrospectively from electronic health record (EHR) documentation review, but this process is labor-intensive and subjective. Large language models, such as GPT-4, have shown promise in automating chart review for various health outcomes. We developed and tested the ability of a large language model to extract an mRS score from EHR text.
Acute ischemic stroke patients hospitalized within the M Health Fairview system between August 2020 and June 2023 had their charts reviewed at discharge and 90 days post-hospitalization. The mRS score at each clinical encounter was assessed by two independent researchers with any disagreements resolved through case discussion; a third researcher’s assessment was utilized when consensus could not be met. Additionally, each reviewer collected critical EHR text for mRS determination. Extracted EHR text and the corresponding mRS score for each encounter were used for model training and evaluation.
Two separate models were trained on the data: the first received all seven classes of the mRS, and the second received binomial mRS scores reflecting functional independence versus non-independence (mRS 0-2 vs. 3-6). Four-fold cross-validation was conducted, using accuracy and Cohen's kappa as model performance metrics. The base language model employed was Gatortron.
A total of 1616 EHR texts and mRS scores were included in the analysis. The first model—considering all seven classes of the mRS—presented with an accuracy of 74% and a Cohen's Kappa of 0.69. The highest class specific accuracy was achieved on mRS 4 determination (90%). The lowest class specific accuracy was achieved on mRS 2 determination (28%). The second model—considering only 2 classes—achieved an accuracy of 93% and Cohen's Kappa of 0.84.
Our findings demonstrate that large language models can be successfully trained to determine mRS scores through EHR text analysis. The multi-class model had the lowest class specific precision when determining an mRS score of 2, but the outstanding accuracy of the two-class model suggests that this could be improved with more training examples. Validation of our findings in different institutions is warranted to ensure model generalizability.
Abstract WP172: Invariant Pupil Reactivity (PuRe) Score: Robust Smartphone-based Pupillometry for Critical Care Across Lighting, Measurement Conditions, and Hardware Variations
Authors: Chrapkiewicz Radek , Wlodarski Michal , Chrost Hugo , Manohar Sanjay 
Published: January 2025

Smartphone-based pupillometry offers potential for widespread neurological monitoring in critical care, including for stroke patients in both hospital and post-hospital rehabilitation settings. However, varying measurement conditions, operator-dependent differences, and device models affect result reliability [1]. We developed an AI-powered app with an invariant Pupil Reactivity (PuRe) score to enable standardized quantitative pupillometry across diverse settings, addressing the need for consistent neurological monitoring by different healthcare providers under varying conditions [2, 3].
We conducted two studies to validate PuRe score stability. At Nicolaus Copernicus University (Ethics ref: KB42712021), we collected 309 recordings under various lighting conditions (5-11,800 lux). Additionally, we performed 300 measurements on 2 volunteers using three iPhone models (SE2, 13, 15Pro) at phone-face distances of 50-210 mm in dim lighting (275-350 lux). We developed adaptive algorithms to recognize the scene, adjust flash intensity, and provide real-time guidance for positioning. We compared measurements using fixed vs. adaptive settings.
The lighting study showed no significant correlation between pupil reactivity and illumination (Pearson's r=0.064, p=0.26). In the hardware/distance study, a linear mixed effects model showed that adaptive settings significantly reduced parameter dependence on distance: constriction amplitude (F(1,198)=9.27, p=0.0026), ratio (F(1,198)=11.02, p=0.0011), and PuRe score (F(1,198)=10.15, p=0.0017). Without adaptive settings, parameters varied significantly with distance (p<0.001), while adaptive settings eliminated these effects (p>0.5) with no significant device-related differences (F(2,99)=1.47, p=0.235).
The AI-powered pupillometer app with the invariant PuRe score shows consistent performance across varied lighting, distances, and phone models. This reliability enables effective pupillary assessment in diverse critical care and rehabilitation settings, promoting adoption for standardized neurological monitoring. The system's adaptability supports centralized health record data collection and consistent evaluation across care environments, regardless of measurement conditions or device models.
References:

Ong C, et al. (2019).
Neurocrit Care
, 30:316-321.

Bogucki A, et al. (2024).
Front Neurol
, 15:1363190. 10.3389/fneur.2024.1363190

Bogucki A, et al. (2024).
i-Perception
, 15(1):1-4.
Abstract WP211: A Retrospective Analysis of the Association of Rehab Time on Discharge Disposition and Length of Stay in Hospitalized Patients with Ischemic Stroke or Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Eperjesi Sarah , Yutrzenka Kayla , Marginean Horia , Crawford Erin , Lesko Alexandra , Clark Diane 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Physical and occupational therapy are a standard of care for in-hospital stroke patients. The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) daily activity and basic mobility scores, a measure of functional ability, are used to assess the need for rehab time while hospitalized. Previous studies demonstrate that AMPAC predicts a patients discharge disposition (DD). This study aims to evaluate whether NIHSS, AMPAC or total rehab duration while hospitalized predicts DD or length of stay (LOS).

Methods:
Data from adult patients who discharged from two medical centers in Portland, OR in 2019 or between January 2022 and May 2023 were abstracted from electronic medical records. Inclusion criteria was a diagnosis of ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Patients were excluded from the analysis if they:

Had a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage or traumatic ICH.
Died in-hospital or entered hospice within 7 days of arrival.
Had concurrent acute disease at arrival that was determined to impact rehab.

The primary outcomes were DD and LOS. We dichotomized DD as “good” (home, inpatient rehab) or “poor” (hospice, left against medical advice, acute care facility, intermediate care, and skilled nursing facility). Generalized linear models were used to test if cohort year, arrival NIHSS, 1
st
AMPAC score, and rehabilitation time associated with DD and LOS. Two-tailed p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
More rehab minutes were documented for the 2019 cohort [178 (105, 320) vs. 115 (78, 195) Table 1]. We found no differences between NIHSS at arrival or 1
st
AMPAC score. Our model showed that NIHSS at admit (OR = 0.94, CL: 0.90-0.99, Table 2) and 1
st
AMPAC score (OR = 1.2, CL: 1.2-1.3, Table 2) were significant predictors of a good DD. 1
st
AMPAC was also a predictor of shorter LOS (β = -3.8, CL: -5.8 to -1.9, Table 2).

Conclusions:
AMPAC was the most predictive measure of a good discharge disposition. These findings highlight the continued importance of AMPAC in predicting discharge outcomes and suggest that variations in rehabilitation minutes and hospital stay do not substantially impact discharge disposition.
Abstract WP81: Stroke Coordinator Onboarding – Developing a Pathway for Success and Longevity of the Stroke Coordinator
Authors: Allen Leigh , McAlpine Candace , Sinkey Shanda , McCabe Penelope 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Factors contributing to stroke coordinator turnover include not understanding the role of the coordinator, not enough time to do all the things of a stroke coordinator, sufficient resources, and stroke coordinator peer support (1). In 2023, the role of the stroke coordinator was given a much-needed definition with regard to roles and responsibilities (2). This information can help the new stroke coordinator understand the roles and responsibilities of the stroke coordinator. In our system we looked to explore how we can formalize a process to support the onboarding of new stroke coordinators. We first turned to our existing coordinator group to help use gather information on what would have been helpful to their onboarding.

Methods:
The system stroke coordinator group was surveyed via a Microsoft Forms questionnaire. All responses were anonymous.

Results:
14 responses were received out of 19 stroke coordinators/program managers.

Question 1: 12 of 14 responses said that having time with the former stroke coordinator or the system stroke coordinator group was most helpful when they were starting their stroke coordinator role
Question 2: 14 of 14 responses said a mentor, time with a stroke coordinator, knowing their roles and responsibilities, and orientation to the GWTG -Stroke tool would have made the transition into their new role easier.
Question 3: Top items for stroke coordinator orientation: regulatory elements, GWTG-Stroke, data management, patient tracers, and daily stroke coordinator expectations.
Question 4: 13 out of 14 responses said “yes” a mentorship would have helped with their onboarding.

Conclusions:
Formalizing and standardizing stroke coordinator onboarding would be helpful when starting the role as a stroke coordinator. Initial steps for our system include development of a stroke coordinator competency tool, partnering new stroke coordinators with a regional stroke program manager for mentorship, training with our local AHA representative, and meeting with our system data abstraction team to understand the data abstraction process. Further data will need to be collected to see if these strategies improve stroke coordinator stability and decrease stroke coordinator turnover.

1. Abstract WP396: Barriers to Stroke Coordinator Practice | Stroke (ahajournals.org)
2. Ideal Foundational Requirements for Stroke Program Development and Growth: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (ahajournals.org)
Heat and Hate: Climate Security and Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Africa
Authors: Eberle Ulrich J. , Rohner Dominic , Thoenig Mathias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the impact of climate shocks on farmer-herder violence, using geolocalized data on conflict events for Africa, 1997-2014. We find that a one degree temperature increase yields a 54% increase in conflict probability in mixed areas populated by both farmers and herders (versus 17% in non-mixed areas). Quantifying the impact of projected climate change in 2040, we find that -when factoring in the magnifying effect of mixed settlements- annual conflicts are predicted to rise by a third. Drawing on a fine-grained analysis of groups' mobility patterns, we show that resource competition is a major driver of farmer-herder violence.
Startups, Unicorns, and the Local Influx of Inventors
Authors: Balsmeier Benjamin , Fleming Lee , Marx Matt , Shin Seungryul Ryan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We provide evidence that an influx of technical human capital improves regional entrepreneurship, both by increasing firm entry and reducing entrepreneurial failure. The results also indicate negative externalities upon lowtech and competing industries: an influx of inventors in a county shifts the locus of venture capital investment away from low-tech startups to high-tech startups and moreover towards new ventures in the same sector as those inventors' skills. We strengthen causal inference with a shift-share instrument which combines the spatial distribution of surnames in the LM&gt;= U.S. Census with thousands of surnamespecific shifts based on modern inventor mobility.
Individualized Benefits and Access to Active Labor Market Programs Boost Refugee Women's Economic Integration
Authors: Bratu Cristina , Martén Linna , Ottosson Lillit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The economic and social integration of refugees is a key policy concern and the situation of refugee women is particularly challenging, as many never enter the labor force. We study a reform of the Swedish integration program designed to tackle this issue by increasing women's participation in and access to active labor market programs. Using administrative data and a regression discontinuity design, we show that the reform resulted in lasting improvements in women's earnings and employment. We find no effects for men. Additional analyses suggest that individualizing financial benefits and early registration with the Public Employment Service are key mechanisms.
Persistent Stigma in Space: 100 Years of Japan's Invisible Race and Their Neighborhoods
Authors: Yamagishi Atsushi , Sato Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We provide evidence of a large and persistent land price discount in neighborhoods historically inhabited by the outcaste group (buraku) in Japan. Our border design shows that this price discount declined from 53% in 1912 to 11% in 2006 but remained constant thereafter. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the vestiges of territorial stigma of buraku areas is the primary cause of these persistently lower land prices. Living in the stigmatized buraku area increases the risk of being identified as buraku and experiencing discrimination. Therefore, the lower land prices reflect the higher discrimination risk in the spatial equilibrium of our model.
Sticky Prices or Sticky Wages? An Equivalence Result
Authors: Bilbiie Florin , Trabandt Mathias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show an equivalence result in the representative-agent New-Keynesian model after demand, wage-markup and correlated price-markup and TFP shocks: assuming sticky prices and flexible wages yields identical allocations for GDP, consumption, labor, inflation and interest rates to the opposite case—flexible prices and sticky wages. This equivalence arises with identical price and wage Phillips-curve slopes and generalizes to any slopes' pair whose sum and product are identical. Equilibrium profits and wages are, however, substantially different; equivalence breaks when these factor-distributional implications matter for aggregate allocations, e.g. in New-Keynesian models with heterogeneous agents, endogenous firm entry, and non-constant returns to scale.
Soft Texts
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
David Damrosch’s formulation of world literature has energized the field but struggles to include texts that circulate but are not “read as literature.” This essay takes up the case of songs, and particularly Bhojpuri songs, and follows their trajectory of circulation and of linguistic adaptation to prise open this formulation and make space for songs and oral literature.
Facing Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Zhang Longxi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chinese-Western comparative literature is a difficult area of study that requires a high level of competence in languages, cultures, and histories across the huge differences between China and the West. It also has the remarkable potential to make contributions to comparative literature and comparative poetics. This essay discusses the exemplary works of Zhu Guangqian and Qian Zhongshu as our predecessors and continues to explore the different relationship between parallelism and end rhyme as an example of making contributions to comparative poetics from the perspective of Chinese literature and criticism.