bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluronic Polyol Effects on Human Gingival Fibroblast Attachment and Growth
Authors: Hokett Steven D. , Cuenin Michael F. , O'Neal Robert B. , Brennan William A. , Strong Scott L. , Runner Royce R. , McPherson James C. , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Enhanced speed of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) spreading and attachment, as affected by ionic bonding interactions, may facilitate cell orientation and subsequent collagen synthesis to promote early wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of pluronic polyols, a family of widely used surfactants currently used as drug carriers for antibiotic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐neoplastic agents, on the attachment and growth of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to dentin and plastic surfaces using established tissue culture techniques.Methods: Plastic culture wells containing Eagle's minimal essential media (EMEM) with 10% fetal calf serum and Pluronic F‐68 or F‐127 in concentrations from 1.2 × 10−2 to 1.2 × 10−10 M were incubated with HGF and run in replicates of ten. Attached cells were quantified by measuring the optical density of methylene blue‐stained cells. Additional experiments were conducted using human dentin sections as a substrate and Pluronic F‐68 or F‐127 at a concentration of 1.2 × 10−8 M. In these experiments, HGF were stained with acridine orange and quantified per unit area of dentin by fluorescence microscopy.Results: Attachment and growth of HGF to both plastic and dentin were significantly increased over serum controls by very low concentrations of Pluronic F‐68 and F‐127 by 30 minutes, with attachment reaching a plateau at 2 hours.Conclusions: Pluronic polyols, a family of widely used surfactants, in very low dosages may be beneficial in early postsurgical wound healing by facilitating early attachment and enhancing the growth rate of human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2000;71:803‐809.
Effects of Diode and Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation on Titanium Discs: A Scanning Electron Microscope Examination
Authors: Romanos George E. , Everts Hayo , Nentwig Georg H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Dental lasers have been recommended for uncovering submerged implants as well as decontaminating implant surfaces when treating peri‐implantitis. The aim of this study was to show the possible alterations in titanium disc surfaces using an Nd:YAG or a diode laser.Methods: Three different titanium discs were used (sandblasted, titanium plasma‐sprayed [TPS], and hydroxyapatite [HA] coated) to determine the effects of laser irradiation on these surfaces using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The discs were either irradiated with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a contact handpiece and power settings of 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0W or with a diode laser at 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0W power settings and continuous wave (cw) in the contact handpiece. Irradiated areas were compared with control titanium sites which were not lased. The specimens were prepared for SEM examination after the disc irradiation.Results: The SEM examination demonstrated extensive melting in all of the Nd:YAG laser irradiated areas. Damage was seen in all TPS‐ and HA‐coated discs even at the lowest power setting. Loss of porosity, coating microfractures, and a relatively smooth surface were observed. In contrast, the diode laser did not cause any damage or modify the disc surface. Regardless of the power setting, there was no visible difference between lased and non‐lased surfaces after cw irradiation with the diode laser.Conclusions: From these findings, it was concluded that the diode laser (980 nm) does not damage titanium surfaces, which should be of value when uncovering submerged implants and treating peri‐implantitis. J Periodontol 2000;71:810‐815.
Features of Severe Periodontal Disease in a Teenager With Chédiak‐Higashi Syndrome
Authors: Delcourt‐Debruyne Elisabeth M.C. , Boutigny Hervé R.A. , Hildebrand Hartmut F. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome (C‐HS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by defective neutrophil function with abnormal lysosomal inclusions, neutropenia, and reduced chemotaxis. The complete syndrome includes oculocutaneous albinism with photophobia, neurologic features, recurrent infections, and enterocolitis.Methods: A 14‐year‐old male C‐HS patient was referred to us because of serious periodontal destruction with acute inflamed gingiva and ulcers. Clinical and biological investigations were performed, leading to the diagnosis of C‐HS.Results: Laboratory findings included neutropenia and hypergammaglobulinemia. Peripheral blood smears showed giant granules in neutrophils, eosinophils, and granulocytes. Bone marrow smears showed giant inclusions in leukocyte precursor cells. These granules and inclusions were characteristic of Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome. Oral radiographic status showed extensive loss of alveolar bone leading, in most cases, to tooth exfoliation. Bacteria often associated with periodontitis were detected in subgingival plaque samples, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella melaninogenica, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Clostridium sp. Biopsies of periodontal tissues for light and electronic microscopic examinations revealed massive bacterial invasion of the epithelial tissue, epithelial cells, and connective tissue. Ultrastructural observations of periodontal polymorphonuclear leukocytes showed defective granulation, with abnormal granules not discharging their lysosomal content against engulfed bacteria. Viable dividing bacteria were found in the cytoplasm.Conclusions: In this case, early‐onset periodontitis seems to be the expression of C‐HS granulocyte deficiency. Periodontal treatment of these patients is often unsuccessful. This case report illustrates the importance of the dentist in initiating clinical and biological investigations in such early aggressive periodontitis in young patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:816‐824.
Immediate Loading of Implants in Partially and Fully Edentulous Jaws: A Series of 27 Case Reports
Authors: Jaffin Robert A. , Kumar Akshay , Berman Charles L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The concept of immediate loading of dental implants has been researched in animal and man. High predictability with titanium screw implants can be expected under certain circumstances. Delayed loading, which is empirically based, may offer roadblocks to success in the complex case. Micromotion under a denture, retention of compromised teeth, and the necessity for multiple implant surgeries complicate the situation. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate whether in partial and fully edentulous patients, titanium screw implants may be installed and loaded within 72 hours.Methods: The study included 27 jaws (23 mandibles and 4 maxillas) in patients who refused to wear a denture or were told of the possibility of immediately loading their implants. Criteria similar to delayed loading was utilized. The patient had to have adequate volume and density for a minimum of 4 (10 mm) implants in the mandible and 6 in the maxilla, in addition to other requirements. After a thorough presurgical evaluation by the restorative dentist, a template and heat‐cured/metal‐reinforced provisional were fabricated. Following fixture installation, either the fixed provisional was placed or an impression was taken, and the provisional was seated within 72 hours. Once the temporary was placed, it remained until osseointegration was complete.Results: Success rates similar to those in delayed loaded cases may be expected (95%). Fewer sandblasted/acid‐etched titanium screws were lost than machined titanium screws. All patients went on to completion of their original prosthetic prescription.Conclusions: Patients who are partially or fully edentulous may predictably be restored with fixed implant prostheses immediately upon fixture placement if certain parameters are met. J Periodontol 2000;71:833‐838.
Buccal Alveolar Exostoses: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Evidence for Buttressing Bone Formation
Authors: Horning Gregory M. , Cohen Mark E. , Neils Todd A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Buttressing bone formation has been described as the development of thickened or exostotic buccal alveolar bone in response to heavy occlusal forces. Little supporting evidence for this model has been found in previous literature, however, and there is little seen on the prevalence or characteristics of buccal alveolar exostoses.Methods: A sample of 416 selected teeth and investing bone in 52 modern skeletal specimens at the National Museum of Natural History were examined. Two measures of heavy occlusal function––periodontal ligament (PDL) width and occlusal attrition –were analyzed for their relationship to three parameters of buccal alveolar bone (exostoses, lipping, and overall thickness).Results: Buccal alveolar bone enlargements were found in 25% of all teeth examined: 18% were expressed as marginal bony lippings and 7% as buccal exostoses. Exostoses were mainly seen around maxillary molars and bicuspids, especially in males, while lippings were seen in molars, bicuspids, and mandibular incisors, with even gender distribution. When findings were controlled for arch and tooth type, no significant correlations were found between wider PDL spaces or occlusal attrition and exostotic, lipped, or thicker alveolar bone.Conclusions: These results indicate a lack of anatomic evidence for the theory of buttressing bone formation and suggest that other factors may be of greater importance in the etiology of buccal bone enlargements. Incidentally, no correlation was found between widened PDL spaces or severe occlusal attrition and the presence of cervical loss of tooth structure, which casts doubt on the currently popular concept of abfraction. J Periodontol 2000;71:1032‐1042.
Retention of Multi‐Rooted Teeth With Class III Furcation Lesions Utilizing Resins. Report of 17 Cases
Authors: Anderegg Charles R. , Metzler David G. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Treatment of periodontally diseased multi‐rooted posterior teeth has conventionally consisted of scaling and root planing, apically positioned flaps, tunneling, root amputation, root resection, guided tissue regeneration, osseous grafting, and combination osseous graft and barrier membrane techniques. Successful treatment has often been directed and measured by how well the clinician obtains sufficient access to facilitate patient hygiene efforts. Longterm success is predicated upon tooth retention and the arrest of further destruction within the furcation area.Methods: Seventeen adult periodontal patients with Class III furcation defects were evaluated. Using an open flap procedure, a resin‐ionomer was placed into all 3 furcation defects. The patients were placed on quarterly maintenance appointments and the teeth evaluated up to 1 year.Results: The results revealed that sealing the furcations of multi‐rooted teeth with hopeless prognoses seems to be a viable alternative to accessing the same intraradicular areas for maintenance using more conventional modes of therapy. Sealing further decreases the surface area of the furca and simplifies future maintenance.Conclusions: The present study showed that teeth with hopeless prognoses might be retained by decreasing probing depths, bleeding upon probing, and mobility when furcation areas are sealed with a resinionomer. J Periodontol 2000;71:1043‐1047.
Metabolic Diseases and Their Possible Link to Risk Indicators of Periodontitis
Authors: Noack Barbara , Jachmann Ingeborg , Roscher Solveig , Sieber Lydia , Kopprasch Steffi , Lück Christian , Hanefeld Markolf , Hoffmann Thomas 
Published: February 2005

Background: During the last few years, risk assessment has become one of the main topics of periodontal research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether a predisposition to metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (in the absence of diagnosed diabetic disease) or hyperlipidemia may be risk indicators for periodontitis.Methods: One hundred patients ranging in age from 40 to 70 years were examined. The patients were classified as having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) but no manifest diabetes (56 patients), hyperlipidemia (17 patients, HL), or normal metabolic status (27 control patients). Probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), plaque index (PI), and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Serum antibody titers (SAT) to A. actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), P. intermedia (P.i.), and P. gingivalis (P.g.) were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pooled subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence to detect the same organisms. In addition, respiratory burst activity of peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was evaluated by chemiluminescence (CL).Results: No significant differences were observed between the IGT group and normal controls in the following parameters: 1) percentage of sites exhibiting BOP; 2) mean PI; 3) mean PD and AL; 4) percentage of periodontal microorganisms; and 5) increased SAT. The IGT probands exhibited a significantly higher mean serum level of triglycerides, as well as higher formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP)‐stimulated PMN chemiluminescence than the control group. Patients with hyperlipidemia (HL) showed a significantly higher number of sextants with increased PD (73.4%) than the control group (50.6%). Similar results were obtained when comparing the percentage of all sites with increased PD (HL = 16.7%, control 12.3%). The mean FMLP‐stimulated CL in patients with hyperlipidemia was significantly higher than the control group. When looking at all patients, there was a small but statistically significant correlation between PD and lipid levels. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between lipid serum levels and the FMLP‐stimulated chemiluminescence.Conclusions: These findings suggest that abnormal glucose tolerance, which is a predisposing factor for diabetes mellitus, does not appear to be a risk indicator for periodontal disease. On the other hand, impaired lipid metabolism does seem to be a risk indicator for periodontitis. J Periodontol 2000;71:898‐903.
Guided Tissue Regeneration Associated With Bovine‐Derived Anorganic Bone in Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects. 6‐Month Results at Re‐Entry
Authors: Simonpietri‐C Jeannette J. , Novaes Arthur B. , Batista Eraldo L. , Feres Filho Eduardo J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The use of graft materials with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in Class II furcation defects is aimed at improving the outcome of the regenerative technique. In this regard, however, there are a limited number of studies discussing the results obtained when GTR and graft materials are used in the treatment of Class II furcation defects. Furthermore, most studies employ either allogeneic or autogenous materials. The present trial sought to determine whether the use of a bovine‐derived anorganic bone (ABB) in conjunction with GTR influenced the outcome of mandibular Class II furcation treatment.Methods: This study included 14 patients who provided 15 pairs of similar periodontal defects. Each defect was randomly assigned to treatment with either a cellulose membrane in combination with bovine‐derived anorganic bone (GTR+ABB) or membrane alone (GTR). Following basic therapy, baseline measurements were recorded including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival margin position (GMP). Hard tissue measurements were performed during surgery to determine alveolar crestal height (CEJ‐AC), and vertical (VDD) and horizontal defect depth (HDD). Membranes remained in position for at least 4 weeks. After 6 months, all sites were re‐entered and soft and hard tissue measurements were recorded.Results: Both surgical procedures resulted in statistically significant probing depth reduction and gain in clinical attachment levels, with no significant difference between groups. Gingival recession was more pronounced in the GTR+ABB group (0.87 ± 0.83 mm), but not statistically different from the GTR group (0.46 ± 1.19 mm). Vertical defect resolution was significant in both groups (GTR: 1.60 ± 1.50 mm; GTR+ABB: 1.80 ± 2.11 mm), without differences between groups. Only horizontal furcation resolution (GTR: 2.47 ± 0.99 mm; GTR+ABB: 3.27±1.39 mm) was significantly different between groups (P <0.05).Conclusions: The use of ABB with GTR techniques improved horizontal defect resolution in mandibular Class II furcation defects, but did not yield superior results regarding soft tissue changes when compared to sites treated with GTR alone. Evaluation of a larger sample could indicate differences and advantages between the evaluated approaches and confirm the real necessity of associating filling materials with GTR. J Periodontol 2000;71:904‐911.
Guided Tissue Regeneration With Bioabsorbable Barriers: Intrabony Defects and Class II Furcations
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Kim Ti‐Sun , Steinbrenner Harald , Dörfer Christof , Holle Rolf 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using 2 different bioabsorbable barriers (control: polylactide acetyltributyl citrate; test: polydioxanon). The polydioxanon barrier is an experimental membrane for GTR therapy that consists of a continuous occlusive barrier that has a layer of slings on the side that is meant to face the mucoperiosteal flap.Methods: In 21 patients with 22 pairs of similar contralateral defects (30 intrabony and 14 Class II furcation lesions), each defect was randomly assigned for treatment with either control (c) or test (t) devices. At baseline and 12 months after surgery, clinical measurements, plaque index (PI) gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and vertical and horizontal clinical attachment loss (CAL‐V; CAL‐H) and standardized radiographs were obtained.Results: Barrier exposure was commonly observed in both groups. Four weeks after surgery 61% of all barriers were exposed to some extent. However, both treatments revealed a significant GI reduction (P <0.005), PD reduction (–3.08 ± 2.29 mm [t]; –3.52 ± 2.67 mm [c]; P <0.001) and CAL‐V gain (2.44 ± 2.29 mm [t], 2.80 mm ± 2.21 [c]; P <0.001) 12 months after surgery in all defects. Within the intrabony defects significant bony fill (2.03 ± 1.70 mm [t]; 1.91 ± 1.20 mm [c]; P = 0.001), and within the furcations a significant but small CAL‐H gain (0.79 ± 0.68 mm [t]; 1.13 ± 1.44 mm [c]; P <0.05), was observed.Conclusions: Regarding GI and PD reduction as well as CALV and CAL‐H gain, this study failed to reveal statistically significant or clinically relevant differences between test and control 12 months postsurgically. Thus, the use of both bioabsorbable barriers in GTR therapy may be recommended. J Periodontol 2000;71:999‐1008.
2‐Year Observation of Attachment Loss in a Rural Chinese Population
Authors: Suda Reiko , Cao Caifang , Hasegawa Kohji , Yang Shi , Sasa Ryuji , Suzuki Motoyuki 
Published: February 2005

Background: Risk indicators for periodontitis seem to vary with study population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether risk indicators of additional attachment loss differ between generations of Chinese villagers in a rural area of China over a 2‐year period.Methods: The study population consisted of 310 subjects aged 15 to 44. In each subject, 2 quadrants from either the upper or lower jaw were randomly selected and 6 sites on each tooth were examined. Clinical parameters included plaque scoring system (PSS), calculus index (CI), probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI). The second examination was done 2 years after the first.Results: In the 15‐ to 24‐year‐old age group, mean PSS, CI, and SBI were significantly higher in subjects with additional attachment loss ≥3 mm (AL+) than in those without attachment loss (AL‐). In the 25‐ to 34‐year‐old age group, mean PD was significantly higher in AL+ than in AL‐, and mean PD and AL were significantly higher in AL+ than in AL− in the 35‐ to 44‐year‐old age group. Although the number of subjects with AL+ increased with age, the mean number of sites with AL+ per subject did not differ by generation. In addition, smokers tended to exhibit attachment loss more often than non‐smokers.Conclusions: The present results suggest that the clinical parameters associated with attachment loss differ between generations and that gingival inflammation is likely associated with the onset of periodontitis more strongly than progression of periodontitis, whereas PD and/or AL are associated with the progression of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2000;71:1067‐1072.
Biological Effects of Cementum and Bone Extracts on Human Periodontal Fibroblasts
Authors: Hou L.‐T. , Liu C. ‐M. , Lei J. ‐Y. , Wong M. ‐Y. , Chen Jin‐Kun 
Published: February 2005

Background: Non‐collagenous proteins of mineralized tissues play important roles in bone induction during mineralization and in regulating the activity of many types of mesenchymal cells. This study was conducted to determine the effects of acetic acid extracts of bone and cementum on alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and in vitro mineralization of cultured human periodontal fibroblasts (hPF).Methods: Alveolar bone and cementum obtained from clinically healthy subjects were extracted by a solution containing 0.5 M acetic acid and enzyme inhibitors. Osteoblastic phenotypes of hPF were assayed by ALPase activity, gene expression of bone marker proteins, and the ability to produce in vitro mineralization in culture media containing 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mM sodium β‐glycerophosphate, and 10‐7 M dexamethasone. The effects of cementum and bone extracts on the expression of osteoblastic phenotypes in hPF were also determined.Results: Many protein components, varying in molecular weight from 10 to 14 to 120 kDa, were detectable in 10% SDS‐PAGE of both cementum and alveolar bone extracts. The hPF cells were found to exhibit a moderate ALPase activity when compared with rat osteosarcoma (ROS) 17/2.8 cells under the same experimental conditions. Gene expression for ALPase, osteocalcin bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and BMP‐7 at mRNA message was detected by RT‐PCR in hPF and ROS 17/2.8 cells. The confluent hPF and ROS 17/2.8 cells showed evidence of calcium deposition in the extracellular milieu at 30 and 15 to 30 days' cultures, respectively, under a mineralization medium. The hPF appeared to form mineralized foci with morphological characteristics different from the mineralized nodules produced by ROS 17/2.8 cells. The addition of low concentrations (5 µg/ml) of either cementum or bone extract produced an increase in the size and number of mineralization spots, as well as greater ALPase activity in both hPF and ROS 17/2.8 cultures during the observation periods.Conclusions: These results suggest that hPF possess certain mineralizing phenotypes, and that acetic acid extracts of bone and cementum contain components capable of stimulating osteogenic differentiation of hPF. J Periodontol 2000;71:1100‐1109.