bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pt–Se Hybrid Nanozymes with Potent Catalytic Activities to Scavenge ROS/RONS and Regulate Macrophage Polarization for Osteoarthritis Therapy
Authors: Wei Hong , Huang Hongjun , He Haoqiang , Xiao Yuanming , Chun Lu , Jin Zhiqiang , Li Hanyang , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin , Qin Zainen 
Published: January 2024

The activation of pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages by overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) in synovial membranes contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) progression and cartilage matrix degradation. Here, combing Pt and Se with potent catalytic activities, we developed a hybrid Pt–Se nanozymes as ROS and RONS scavengers to exert synergistic effects for OA therapy. As a result, Pt–Se nanozymes exhibited efficient scavenging effect on ROS and RONS levels, leading to repolarization of M1-type macrophages. Furthermore, the polarization of synovial macrophages to the M2 phenotype inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and salvaged mitochondrial function in arthritic chondrocytes. In vivo results also suggest that Pt–Se nanozymes effectively suppress the early progression of OA with an Osteoarthritis Research International Association score reduction of 68.21% and 82.66% for 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a promising strategy to regulate inflammatory responses by macrophage repolarization processes for OA therapeutic.
HEAD UP 30˚ IN HEAD INJURY PATIENTS
Authors: Susyanti Deni , Jundapri Kipa , Siregar Baharuddin , Suharto  , Mayrani Siregar Nita 
Published: January 2024

Cedera kepala meningkatkan tekanan intracranial sehingga mengalami penekanan pada area otak sehingga menimbulkan nyeri. head up 30˚ dapat menurunkan nyeri kepala akibat peningkatan oksigen menuju ke otak maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran tentang posisi head up 30˚ pada pasien cedera kepala untuk menurunkan nyeri. Metode penelitian ini adalah deksriptif dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit TK II Putri Hijau Medan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah nilai p value 0.00 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa posisi head up 30 dapat mengurangi nyeri pada pasien cedera kepala. Rekomendasi kepada perawat untuk menerapkan implementasi posisi head up 30˚ ini pada pasien cedera kepala untuk mengurangi nyeri
Gambaran Pengetahuan Orang Tua Tentang Perawatan Anak Talasemia
Authors: Alviani Gustri , Utami Agnita , Yovinna Tobing Vella , Roslita Riau 
Published: January 2024

Penyakit talasemia pada anak dan pengobatan yang dilakukan rutin dalam jangka waktu yang lama menyebabkan berbagai macam komplikasi seperti, pembesaran hati dan limfa, gangguan pertumbuhan, pubertas terhambat, hingga gagal jantung. Keberlangsungan dari proses pengobatan dan pencegahan komplikasi pada anak penderita talasemia dipengaruhi oleh dukungan orang tua. Orang tua perlu dibekali pengetahuan yang baik, sehingga dapat memberikan perawatan yang baik bagi anak penderita talasemia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dari tingkat pengetahuan orang tua yang merawat anak penderita talasemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif sederhana. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang tua yang memiliki anak penderita talasemia. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah non-probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengetahuan orang tua tentang perawatan anak penderita talasemia diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata usia orang tua 21-40 tahun (53,3%), 20 orang (66,7%) berjenis kelamin perempuan, pendidikan SMA 16 orang (53,3%), lama anak terdiagnosa talasemia ≥ 5 tahun 16 orang (46,7%), 11 orang tua (36,7%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, sebagian besar tingkat pengetahuan orang tua yang merawat anak penderita talasemia berkategori cukup baik yaitu sebanyak 13 orang dengan presentase sebesar (43,3%), dan 6 orang tua (20%) kurang baik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah orang tua yang merawat anak penderita talasemia belum memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang talasemia. Perawat perlu memberikan informasi kesehatan khususnya tentang penyakit talasemia dan perawatan orang tua kepada anak penderita talasemia.
Real-time observation of liquid-gallium ordering on epitaxially-grown GaN(0001) by X-ray scattering measurements
Authors: Sasaki Takuo , Iwata Takuya , Sugitani Kanya , Takahasi Masamitu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
X-ray crystal truncation rod (CTR) measurements are commonly used to analyze surface or interfacial atomic structures quantitatively. However, it is difficult to expand the measurement range to determine three-dimensional atomic structures in real time. We developed a method for CTR measurements that involves the simultaneous intensity measurements of X-rays and electron diffraction under molecular beam epitaxial conditions. Using the proposed method, we observed the formation of liquid gallium ordering on the GaN(0001) surface and determined the ordered structure within each layer.
ﺍﻟﻘﻳﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ د ارﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻔزﻴون اﻟﺸرق اﻷوﺴط
Authors: د. ﻋﺒد اﻟﻤﺤﺴن ﺴﻠﻤﺎن اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ  
Published: January 2024

ﻴﺸﻛﻝ اﻹﻋﻼن اﻟﺘﻠﻔزﻴوﻨﻲ واﺤداً ﻤن أﻫم اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺸـﺎت اﻟﺘﻠﻔزﻴـون ٬ ﻟـﻴس
ﻓﻘـط ﺒﺴـﺒب طﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻹﻋـﻼن وﻗﻀـﺎﻴﺎﻩ اﻷﺨﻼﻗﻴـﺔ ٕواﻨﻤـﺎ ﺒﺴـﺒب اﻟـدور اﻟـذي ﻴﻠﻌﺒـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـق
دﺨــﻝ إﻋﻼﻨــﻲ ﺘﺴــﺘﺨدﻤﻪ اﻟﻤﺤطــﺎت اﻹذاﻋﻴــﺔ واﻟﺘﻠﻔزﻴوﻨﻴــﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﺘﻤوﻴــﻝ أﻨﺸــطﺘﻬﺎ وﺒ ارﻤﺠﻬــﺎ

اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
وﻴﺸـــﻬد اﻹﻋـــﻼن اﻟﺘﺠـــﺎري ﺘطـــو ارت ﻤﺘﻌـــددة ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﻤﺴـــﺘوى اﻟﻌـــﺎﻟم ﻤﺴـــﺘﻔﻴداً ﻤـــن
اﻟﺘطــو ارت اﻟﺘﻛﻨوﻟوﺠﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘـــﻲ أﺤــدﺜﻬﺎ اﻷﻨﺘرﻨﻴـــت وﺘﻨــﺎﻤﻲ اﻻﺘﺠــﺎﻩ اﻟﺘﺠـــﺎري ﻓــﻲ وﺴـــﺎﺌﻝ
اﻹﻋﻼم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ٬ واﻤﺘد ﻫذا اﻷﻤر ووﺼﻝ إﻟﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺒ ارﻤﺞ اﻟﻤﻛﻔوﻟﺔ Sponsored )
٬( Programs ﻛﻤـﺎ ظﻬـرت ﺒﻌـض اﻻﺨﺘﻴـﺎ ارت اﻹﻋﻼﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤـن ﺠﺎﻨـب ﺒﻌـض اﻟﻠـذﻴن ﻴرﻋـون

اﻟﺒ ارﻤﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻛون ﻟﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴرﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴرة (١) .
وﻗـد أﺼـﺒﺢ اﻹﻋـﻼن ﺠـزءاً ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠـ أز ﻤـن ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻨـﺎ اﻟﻴوﻤﻴـﺔ ﺤﻴـث زﺤـف ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻘﻨـوات
اﻟﺘﻠﻔزﻴوﻨﻴــﺔ اﻷرﻀــﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬــﺎ واﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺼــورة ﻛﺒﻴــرة وﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟــرﻏم ﻤــن ﺒﻌــض اﻟﺘﺸــرﻴﻌﺎت
واﻟﻘواﻋــد ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻤؤﺴﺴــﺎت اﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴــﺔ إﻻ أن اﻟواﻗــﻊ ﻴﺒــرز ﻋــدم ﻛﻔﺎﻴﺘﻬــﺎ أو ﻋــدم اﻻﻟﺘــ ازم ﺒﻬــﺎ
ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤﺴــﺘوى ﻓــﻲ اﻟﺘطﺒﻴــق واﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴــذ أﻤــﺎ ﻟﻐﻴــﺎب اﻟــوﻋﻲ ﺒﺨطــورة اﻹﻋــﻼن أو ﺴــﻌﻴﺎً ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴــق
أﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﺌــدات اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴــﺔ (٢) . وﻴــرى اﻟــﺒﻌض أن ﺨﺼﺨﺼــﺔ اﻟﻨﺸــﺎط اﻹﻋﻼﻤــﻲ ﻓــﻲ اﻟــوطن
New nematode-resistant potato varieties
Authors: Borzykh O. , Taktaev B. , Pisarenko N. , Podberezko I. , Sigaryova D. , Bondar T. 
Published: January 2024

Goal. Creation of new varieties of potatoes of different groups of ripeness, table use, high productivity, increased level of starch and good taste qualities, resistant to the golden cyst-forming nematode, common and aggressive pathotypes of cancer, fungal and bacterial diseases.
Methods. Selection work was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted scheme of the selection process. The resistance of breeding material against Globodera rostochiensis was evaluated in accordance with the «Regulations on the Procedure for Testing Potato Varieties and Hybrids».
Results. The 12 best hybrids — Zlagoda, Myroslava, Knyaginya, Vzyrets, Bazaliya, Opillya, Bazhana, Fanatka, Avangard, Predslava, Oleksandrite and Rostavitsa — were selected and submitted to the State Trial as varieties. Of the 12 transferred varieties, 11 (Zlagoda, Myro slava, Knyaginya, Vzyrets, Bazaliya, Opillya, Avangard, Predslava, Oleksandrit, Fanatka, Rostavitsa) successfully passed the State variety test in 2023 and were entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine.
Conclusions. The new 11 varieties included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine are advisable to use as a means of controlling the harmfulness of the golden potato nematode in areas infected with Globodera rostochiensis (pathotype Ro1).
ANALISIS PROSES PERENCANAAN DAN PENGANGGARAN BELANJA MODAL DPU KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN ANGGARAN 2019
Authors: Muji Bagus Prastyo  , Antonius  , Abdul Rochim  
Published: January 2024

Presidential Regulation No. 54 of 2010 concerning Government Procurement of Goods/Services which is relatively more comprehensive is expected to be able to regulate order in the implementation of government procurement of goods and services. The government provides the widest opportunity for small businesses, micro-enterprises and cooperatives to take part in tenders for goods/services procurement work packages. The purpose of this study is divided into 2 (two) which are research stages, namely analyzing the effectiveness of the regional financial performance of the Semarang City Government, analyzing the efficiency of the regional financial performance of the Semarang City Government with variables.
The type of research used in this research is research using quantitative methods with SWOT analysis and questionnaire methods, qualitative descriptive analysis by measuring the financial performance of the DPU Semarang City Government through the concepts of effectiveness and efficiency. Measurement is measured through a comparison of actual revenue with revenue budget
Based on the results of the analysis using SWOT analysis with IFAS and EFAS scores, it can be seen that the Planning and Budgeting of Capital Expenditures for the DPU for the City of Semarang for the 2019 Fiscal Year is located in Quadrant I. From the calculation of the effectiveness and efficiency of the DPU for the City of Semarang in 2019 it looks effective but not efficient, because it obtained the effectiveness value is 105.53% where the value indicates it is effective, and the efficiency value is 106.7% where the value indicates it is not efficient.
Містобудівний аналіз історико-архітектурної спадщини міста берестечко
Authors: Парфентьєва І.О. , Степанюк В.О. , Ротко С.В. 
Published: January 2024

Охорона історико-архітектурної спадщини українських міст повинна бути пріоритетним завданням сучасного містобудування. Недостатнє фінансування і недбалість місцевої влади призводять до руйнування і знищення цінних будівель та споруд. До списку таких міст входить Берестечко Волинської області. В статті проведено містобудівний аналіз Берестечка і аналіз архітектурних споруд, що мають історичну цінність, визначено найбільш перспективні напрямки розвитку міста і запропоновано шляхи подолання наявних проблем в планувальній структурі міста.
Урахування впливу послідовності зведення на напружено-деформований стан конструкцій при автоматизованому проєктуванні будівель і споруд
Authors: Ротко С.В. , Ужегова О.А. , Талах Л.О. , Булда К.О. , Артемук Т.С. 
Published: January 2024

У роботі представлено результати дослідження напружено-деформованого стану конструктивних елементів багатоповерхової монолітної будівлі без урахування та з урахуванням послідовності зведення
A Study on Exclusive Brand’s Marketing Optimization
Authors: - Bhagyalakshmi G , - Suriyanarayanan G S 
Published: January 2024

This research walk-through the various methods used by exclusive and upscaled organizations that minimized its marketing Champaign and budgeting. Generally, posh products and service are not marketed through Integrated channels that are commonly available. As these companies differentiate themselves through unique innovative features they opt for specific single streamed path for marketing that directly reach-out its targeted customer group than spending on popularity promotions. In further discussions exclusive brand is categorized into known and Un-known,
•	Known Brands: Posh and exclusive brands that has a brand image among common customer base and spend on brand awareness and popularity promotion, such as Apple and Tesla.
•	Unknown Brands: Completely exclusive service or product which does not focus on brand awareness and also ensure they do not exist in common market, but strategically sustain stronger among its targeted customer segment.
Study includes a market research analysis about the brand awareness and customer’s perceived knowledge about exclusive brands along their products and service that facilitate for its premium pricing.
The Impact of Unidentified Elementary School Students' Character Values in the Independent Curriculum Class IV Science Science Teacher's Book
Authors: Yusnidar Yusnidar 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze the impact of student character values that have not been identified as Independent Curriculum Class IV Science Teacher's Book.
Methodology: The method used is qualitative. Researchers use a document study instrument to collect the required literature, such as soft books/hard books, and others. The sample used in this study was class IV science subjects in the Independent Curriculum teacher's book.
Main Findings: This study shows that in class IV, several character values are not found in students. This is because the teaching and learning process is not directed at these character values. This hurts students, affecting the learning process in class and when students are in their environment.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The latest from this study is to analyze the character value of students in elementary schools in aspects of the independent curriculum.
Efforts to Improve Science Learning Outcomes Through the Problem-Based Learning Model for Students in Bengkulu
Authors: Sukarno Sukarno 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of the study: This research aims to address the low student learning outcomes in the science learning subjects of class IV elementary school students in Bengkulu by applying the Problem Based Learning model and examining its effectiveness in enhancing the student learning outcome.
Methodology: The research uses a Classroom Action Research method with two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, evaluation and reflection stages. The research subjects are 20 students in class IV Elementary School in Bengkulu. The data collection technique is a test.
Main Findings: The research data shows that the Problem Based Learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class IV elementary school students in Bengkulu. The completeness of learning outcomes increases from 3% in the pre-cycle to 65% in the first cycle and 85% in the second cycle, exceeding the expected outcome of 75%.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty in this research is the application of the Problem Based Learning model in the science learning subjects of class IV elementary school students in Bengkulu, which have different characteristics and needs from other students in other regions or countries. The research also contributes to the development of the Classroom Action Research method, which involves the active participation of the teacher and the students in the learning process and the improvement of the learning quality. The research has implications for the improvement of the science curriculum and the teacher training program in Bengkulu.
اضطراب التواصل اللُّغوي لدى عينة من أطفال التوحد كما يدركه القائمون بالرعاية في مدينة بنغازي
Authors: الحضيري د.سعدة احمد , عبدالعاطي د.نزيهة سليمان 
Published: January 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة مستوى الاتصال اللغوي، ومعرفة مستوى كل بعد من أبعاد الاتصال اللغوي المتمثلة في: مهارة التقليد، الانتباه، الفهم والتعرف، التعبير، والتسمية عند أطفال التوحد، كما تسعى إلى معرفة الفرق في مستوى الاتصال اللغوي بين أطفال التوحد الملتحقين بالمراكز التأهيلية العامة والخاصة في مدينة بنغازي. وقد طبقت هذه الدراسة على عينة مقصودة من أطفال التوحد، الذين تراوحت أعمارهم من (14:6) سنة، وبلغ عددهم (50) بواقع (25) طفلا، من كل مركز لتأهيل أطفال التوحد، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدمت استمارة البيانات الأولية، التي تحتوي على بيانات أولية عن الطفل. وكذلك استخدم مقياس تقدير الاتصال اللغوي لدى أطفال التوحد من إعداد (نصر، 2002) للتعرف على مظاهر الاتصال اللغوي ومستواه، عند حالات التوحد، ويشتمل المقياس على (50) موقفا موزعا على خمسة أبعاد لغوية، كل بعد يمثل مهارة من مهارات الاتصال اللغوي وهي التقليد، الانتباه، الفهم والتعرف، التعبير، التسمية. وقد استخرجت البيانات السيكومترية للمقياس بطرق عدة؛ للتأكد من صلاحية استخدامه على البيئة الليبية. وتبين من نتائج الدراسة أن ما يقارب نصف أفراد العينة لديهم مستويات متوسطة فأقل من التواصل اللغوي تقدر بحوالي (46 %)، كما أظهرت النتائج أن الاتصال اللغوي المرتفع، والمرتفع تماما كان لصالح المركز الليبي التخصصي لتأهيل أطفال التوحد (الخاص)؛ حيث بلغت نسبة مستوى الاتصال اللغوي (72%). وكانت مهارة التقليد أعلى مهارات التواصل اللغوي عند أطفال التوحد، بينما مهارة الفهم والتعرف، والتسمية كانت الأقل. وبناء على نتائج الدراسة أوصت بتفعيل برامج التدريب؛ لرفع مهارات التواصل اللغوي عند أطفال التوحد، وبخاصة مهارتي الفهم والتعرف، والتسمية، مع تدريب الآباء والأمهات ودمجهم في البرامج التدريبية المستهدفة؛ لتحسين المستوى اللغوي لأطفال التوحد.
Could mycophenolate mofetil combined with benazapril delay tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats?
Authors: LIU Wen-hu , TANG Ni-na , ZHANG Qi-dong 
Published: January 2024

Background
It was reported that combination of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enalapril could reduce proteinuria, improve renal function, and down-regulate diabetes-induced macrophage recruitment and expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in diabetic renal tissue. But there are no compelling data available for the combination of MMF and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) for suppressing tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney diseases. The present study was to disclose the effect of MMF combined with benazapril on delaying tubulointerstitial fibrosis and its possible mechanisms in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.

Methods
Fifty male SD rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 NX) were randomized into the following groups: NX (5/6 nephrectomized rats, distilled water, n=10), MMF (MMF 20 mg·kg-1·d-1, p.o., n=10), Ben (benazepril 10 mg·kg-1·d-1, p.o., n=10), MMF/Ben (MMF 20 mg·kg-1·d-1, p.o., and benazapril 10 mg·kg-1·d-1, p.o., n=10). They were monitored for proteinuria and systolic blood pressure every two weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were assayed and pathological damage to the kidney were evaluated. Renal expression and serum levels of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metaloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA methods.

Results
After 8 weeks of treatment, 24-hour proteinuria, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower in treated groups compared with the untreated rats. MMF and benazepril combination therapy had a greater effect than either drug alone. MMF alone had no effect on systolic blood pressure, but benazapril and MMF/benazapril could significantly reduce blood pressure. Rats that underwent 5/6 nephrectomy had greater tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen accumulation than sham-operated rats; all treatments, especially MMF/benazepril, ameliorated these effects. Tubules in 5/6 nephrectomized rats expressed higher levels of PDGF-BB and TIMP-1 and lower MMP-9 compared with sham-operated rats. MMF and benazepril similarly reversed these phenomenons and combination therapy almost completely restored the expression of these cytokines in renal tissue and their plasma concentration.

Conclusions
MMF, especially combined with benazepril, can reduce proteinuria, improve renal function, ameliorate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. These effects might be, in part, associated with down-regulation of PDGF-BB and TIMP-1, and MMP-9 up-regulation in renal tissues.
Clinical analysis and follow-up study of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection in 53 pediatric cases
Authors: LU Gen , XIE Zheng-de , ZHAO Shun-ying , YE Ling-jun , WU Run-hui , LIU Chun-yan , YANG Shuang , JIN Ying-kang , SHEN Kun-ling 
Published: January 2024

Background
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) has been previously reported to be sometimes associated with an aggressive clinical course. The characteristics of CAEBV in Mainland Chinese pediatric patients are largely unreported. The main aims of this survey were to recognize the clinical features of CAEBV in children and to explore its diagnostic criteria and risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed on 53 pediatric patients (36 boys and 17 girls) with CAEBV who were admitted to Beijing Children’s Hospital between 2003 and 2007. All their medical records were reviewed and analyzed. For each patient, demographic, clinical, laboratory data and outcome were collected. Independent-samples t test was used for statistical analysis.

Results
The age at onset of CAEBV was from 2 months to 14.6 years (mean (5.3±3.3) years). At the time of onset, 43.4% patients had an infectious mononucleosis-like symptom. Most patients exhibited intermittent fever (92.5%, 49/53), hepatomegaly (81.1%, 43/53) and splenomegaly (77.4%, 41/53). Life-threatening complications including hemophagocytic syndrome (24.5%, 13/53), interstitial pneumonia (24.5%, 13/53), hepatic failure (15.1%, 8/53) and malignant lymphoma (11.3%, 6/53) were also observed. The serum EBV DNA level in 23 patients with CAEBV was in the range of 5.05×102-4.60×106 copies/ml with a mean value of 103.7 copies/ml. Many patients with CAEBV generally had continuous symptoms during the observational period. Eleven out of 42 patients (26.2%) died 7 months to 3 years after onset. Deceased patients were more likely to have had lower platelet counts and albumin levels than the living patients (P <0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions
The study reveals that CAEBV in Chinese pediatric patients has a severe clinical course and prognosis is poor. Thrombocytopenia and decreases in albumin might potentially be risk factors for a poor prognosis. EBV loads should be measured and tissue should be stained on hybridization probes for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) if a patient presents with the known symptoms of CAEBV.