bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and compositional analysis of the keratinocyte migration track
Authors: Kirfel Gregor , Rigort Alexander , Borm Bodo , Schulte Carsten , Herzog Volker 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSlowly migrating cells such as fibroblasts leave behind a “migration track,” which has been assumed not to occur in fast‐moving cells such as keratinocytes. Here we show that keratinocytes left behind “migration tracks” of cellular remnants consisting of membranous patches or macroaggregates that were anchored to a meshwork of extracellular matrix proteins consisting of collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin, and laminin 5. According to their origin and localisation, two types of macroaggregates could be distinguished : (1) Spherical and elongated tubular structures (diameter about 50–110 nm) both of which were arranged like “pearls on a string” and that apparently derived from fragmentation of retracting fibres. (2) Spherical structures (diameter about 50 nm) left behind in the gaps between the retracting fibres and presumably derived from former focal adhesion sites. Both types of macroaggregates did not contain cytoplasmic proteins but carried on their surface adhesion proteins, particularly high amounts of integrins : type 1 macroaggregates contained α3β1‐integrins, whereas type 2 macroaggregates contained other types of integrins such as α6β4‐integrins. Modulation of keratinocyte adhesion by using poly‐L‐lysine coated cover slips resulted in an increased application of inhibitory β1‐antibodies and slightly reduced migration velocity and track formation. Within 24 h of migration, we observed a migration velocity‐dependent loss of cellular β1‐integrin by macroaggregate formation of about 11% for fast and about 4% for slowly migrating keratinocytes. The physiological role of the migration track is unclear. However, with its multiple adhesion sites it may serve as a provisional basement membrane during reepithelialization of epidermal wounds. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:1–13, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamylated tubulin: Diversity of expression and distribution of isoforms
Authors: Kann Marie‐Louise , Soues Sylvie , Levilliers Nicolette , Fouquet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2003

AbstractGlutamylation of α and β tubulin isotypes is a major posttranslational modification giving rise to diversified isoforms occurring mainly in neurotubules, centrioles, and axonemes. Monoglutamylated tubulin isoforms can be differentially recognized by two mAbs, B3 and GT335, which both recognize either polyglutamylated isoforms. In the present study, immunoelectron microscopy and immunofluorescence analyses were performed with these two mAbs to determine the expression and distribution of glutamylated tubulin isoforms in selected biological models whose tubulin isotypes are characterized. In mouse spermatozoa, microtubules of the flagellum contain polyglutamylated isoforms except in the tip where only monoglutamylated isoforms are detected. In spermatids, only a subset of manchette microtubules contain monoglutamylated tubulin isoforms. Cytoplasmic microtubules of Sertoli cells are monoglutamylated. Mitotic and meiotic spindles of germ cells are monoglutamylated whereas the HeLa cell mitotic spindle is polyglutamylated. Three models of axonemes are demonstrated as a function of the degree and extent of tubulin glutamylation. In lung ciliated cells, axonemes are uniformly polyglutamylated. In sea urchin sperm and Chlamydomonas, flagellar microtubules are polyglutamylated in their proximal part and monoglutamylated in their distal part. In Paramecium, cilia are bi‐ or monoglutamylated only at their base. In all cells, centrioles or basal bodies are polyglutamylated. These new data emphasize the importance of glutamylation in all types of microtubules and strengthen the hypothesis of its role in the regulation of the intracellular traffic and flagellar motility. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:14–25, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of two IQGAPs in cultured cells and early embryos of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Yamashiro Sawako , Noguchi Tatsuhiko , Mabuchi Issei 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMammalian IQGAP1 is considered to modulate organization of the actin cytoskeleton under regulation of signaling proteins Cdc42 or Rac and calmodulin [Bashour et al., 1997: J Cell Biol 137:1555–1566; Hart et al., 1996: EMBO J 15:2997–3005] and also to be involved in cadherin‐based cell adhesion [Kuroda et al., 1998: Science 281:832–835]. However, its function in the cell has not been clear. In order to clarify the function of IQGAP, we investigated IQGAP in Xenopus laevis cells. We isolated two Xenopus cDNAs encoding homologues of mammalian IQGAP, XIQGAP1, and XIQGAP2, which show high homology with human IQGAP1 and IQGAP2, respectively. Immunofluorescent localization of XIQGAPs in Xenopus tissue cultured cells (XTC cells) and in developing embryos was examined. In XTC cells, XIQGAP1 was colocalized with F‐actin at cell‐to‐cell contact sites, membrane ruffles in lamellipodia, and filopodia. During development of embryos, XIQGAP1 was concentrated in the borders of all embryonic cells. An intense staining for XIQGAP1 was found in regions undergoing active morphogenetic movements, such as the blastopore lip of gastrulae, and the neural plate, the notochord, and the somite of neurulae. These results suggest that XIQGAP1 is involved in both cell‐to‐cell adhesion and cell migration during Xenopus embryogenesis and in cultured cells. On the other hand, the localization of XIQGAP2 in XTC cells was distinct from that of XIQGAP1 although it was also seen in lamellipodia, filopodia, and borders between cells. In addition to these regions, strong nuclear staining was observed in both XTC cells and embryonic cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:36–50, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dystrophin upregulation in pressure‐overloaded cardiac hypertrophy in rats
Authors: Maeda Masato , Biro Sadatoshi , Kamogawa Yasuyuki , Hirakawa Tatsumi , Setoguchi Manabu , Tei Chuwa 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDystrophin is a cytoskeletal protein localized to the sarcolemma of skeletal and cardiac muscle, and neurons. We have recently demonstrated that a significant cardiac damage including myocytes injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, was found in dystrophin‐deficient myocardium during pressure overload [Kamogawa et al., 2001: Cardiovasc Res 50:509–515]. However, little is known about how the cardiac sarcolemmal cytoskeleton produces qualitative and quantitative changes in response to pressure overload. Accordingly, we investigated dystrophin gene expression and protein accumulation during cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was produced by banding of the abdominal aorta of rats. Total RNA from the left ventricle of the heart was used for a quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Dystrophin mRNA expression significantly increased by 33 ± 18% at 1 day (P < 0.05) and 45 ± 19% at 2 days (P < 0.01) after banding, while G3PDH mRNA showed no significant change. RT‐PCR for dystrophin tissue‐specific exon 1 revealed that only muscle type promoter, but not non‐muscle type promoter (brain and Purkinje‐cell type), was activated immediately after banding. Immunohistochemistry for dystrophin showed intense cellular membrane staining with an increase in the perimeter of the myocytes by 14% at 3 days (46.3 μm, P < 0.01) and 19% at 7 days (51.2 μm, P < 0.01) after banding. Western blotting also showed dystrophin protein increased by 14 ± 6% at 2 days (P < 0.05) and by 32 ± 10% at 3 days (P < 0.01) after aortic banding. In conclusion, upregulation of dystrophin mRNA expression and protein accumulation occurs in response to cardiac hypertrophy. These data and the vulnerability of dystrophin‐deficient myocardium to pressure overload suggest that dystrophin could play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:26–35, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of elongation factor‐1α as a Ca2+/calmodulin‐binding protein in Tetrahymena cilia
Authors: Ueno Hironori , Gonda Kohsuke , Takeda Tetsuya , Numata Osamu 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCalmodulin (CaM) is known to be a ciliary component. However, the function of CaM in cilia or flagella has not been well understood. Immunoelectron microscopy using anti‐CaM antibody showed that CaM was localized on the axonemal microtubules (MTs) and matrix of Tetrahymena cilia. To investigate the signal transduction of Ca2+/CaM in cilia, we performed Ca2+/CaM‐affinity column chromatography in the membrane and matrix fraction. Elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α) was identified as a Ca2+/CaM‐binding protein in cilia. EF‐1α is a highly conserved protein and functions in protein translation. In addition, EF‐1α has been reported to interact with MTs and F‐actin in several organisms. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that EF‐1α was localized on the axonemal MTs. However, in immunoblot analysis, EF‐1α was mainly extracted in the membrane and matrix fraction from the axonemal MTs by 1% Triton X‐100 extraction. These results suggest that interaction between EF‐1α and axonemal MTs is weak and sensitive to treatment with 1% Triton X‐100 and that EF‐1α mediates between axonemal MTs and CaM in the presence of Ca2+. Moreover, EF‐1α was also localized in cilia of Paramecium, suggesting that EF‐1α functions as a target protein of Ca2+/CaM in ciliate cilia. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:51–60, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skeletal muscle myosin cross‐bridge cycling is necessary for myofibrillogenesis
Authors: Ramachandran Indu , Terry Monica , Ferrari Michael B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA major stimulus affecting myofibrillogenesis in both embryonic and mature striated muscle is contractile activity. There are two major signals associated with contractile activity: a physiological signal, the transient increase in intracellular calcium, and a physical signal, the transient increase in tension production. However, dissociating these two signals to examine their relative contributions to myofibrillogenesis has proven difficult. In this study, we have used two different myosin inhibitors to determine the importance of myosin cross‐bridge cycling in sarcomere assembly. We find that the small‐molecule inhibitor 2,3‐butanedione monoxime (BDM), which inhibits myosin ATPase, disrupts myofibrillogenesis in amphibian myocytes, consistent with results from avian studies. However, BDM is a weak myosin inhibitor and it is non‐specific; concentrations that inhibit contraction and disrupt myofibrillogenesis also disrupt calcium signaling. Therefore, we also used the recently identified skeletal muscle myosin II inhibitor, N‐benzyl‐p‐toluenesulphonamide (BTS), which has high affinity and specificity for skeletal muscle fast myosin. BTS inhibits contraction and results in myofibrillar disruption that phenocopies our results with BDM. However, BTS does not affect either spontaneous or induced calcium transients. Furthermore, BTS is reversible and does not significantly affect the expression levels of myosin or actin. Thus, our convergent results with BDM and BTS suggest that sarcomere assembly depends on active regulation of tension in the forming myofibril. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 55:61–72, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How do you write “yes”?: A study on the effectiveness of online dispute resolution
Authors: Hammond Anne‐Marie G. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article is derived from original research into the applicability and effectiveness of online dispute
resolution, particularly mediation, for resolving disputes in the real and virtual worlds. It records the
experience of a variety of mediators and disputants in fifteen online mediation simulations, using eight
different dispute scenarios, some of them multiparty, in consumer transactions, insurance claims, and workplace
and family cases. The objective of the study was to seek answers to the questions: How can online communications
be organized and managed so that parties have the greatest possible opportunity to achieve a mutually beneficial
agreement? What behaviors, skills, strategies, and techniques will most enhance effective
communications? What is required in an online process to effectively facilitate communications and enable
the resolution of disputes?
Mediation, power, and cultural difference
Authors: Brigg Morgan 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn Western mediation practice, conflict and violence are typically seen as destructive and unhelpful ways of
being, and this does not allow for the constitutive and productive role of conflict in many non‐Western
traditions. The playing out of these assumptions in mediation practice effects an operation of power that is
particularly significant in intercultural mediations. Explicit and implicit mediator techniques lead disputants
in intercultural mediations to behave in ways consistent with the goals of mediation and Western norms around
conflict and selfhood. The specificity of this analysis means that the findings are indicative and explorative
rather than comprehensive. Nevertheless, the results highlight the need to consider ways in which researchers
and mediators can begin to mitigate this operation of power and respond to cultural difference in ethical
ways.
Victims, targets, protectors, and destroyers: Using disputant accounts to develop a grounded taxonomy of disputant orientations
Authors: Harrison Tyler R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractStudies of dispute resolution have generally neglected the perspective of the disputant in favor of the
perspective of the dispute handler. Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect studies have addressed some of the
circumstances under which individuals give voice to their grievances, but these have generally neglected the
area of voice beyond offering predictions of when it will be used. This paper examines how forty‐five
disputants express voice as they pursue grievances through an ombud's office. The data yielded a grounded
taxonomy of disputant motivations with placement of blame and desired outcome as underlying dimensions. Seven
categories of disputants emerged from the data: information seekers, exception seekers, victims, enforcers,
protectors, targets, and destroyers. In addition to expanding our understanding of voice, the focus of this
research on disputant accounts, motives, and desired courses of action has implications for the strategies
dispute handlers choose in managing grievances and may lead to the development of better organizational
disputing systems.
Balancing on words: Human change processes in mediation
Authors: Hoskins Marie L. , Stoltz Jo‐Anne M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMediation literature has been devoted to developing strategies to help people resolve differences. But within
this prolific body of knowledge, few studies explore the subjective experience that people engage in while
trying to bridge differences. This article reports the findings of a study conducted to understand the processes
of change from the perspective of those who experienced significant changes following formal mediation. All of
the participants had experienced long‐term conflict in the workplace. Three to six months after the
mediation, the participants were asked to describe how the process has affected their beliefs, values,
expectations, and behaviors within the conflicted relationships and to reflect on how they had changed since the
mediation. Implications for mediators are included.
Type I and Type II errors in culturally sensitive conflict resolution practice
Authors: Avruch Kevin 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDrawing on recent, critical work dealing with culture theory, ethnicity, and multiculturalism, this article seeks to address the nexus between conflict resolution theory and practice and aims primarily to contribute to the work of practitioners functioning as third parties and intervenors in intercultural and interethnic conflicts and disputes. Two conceptions of culture are proposed and analyzed: a technical, “experience‐distant” sense of the term, crucial for conflict analysis (and for education and training); and an affectively laden, often politicized, “experience‐near” sense of the term, at the root of so much intergroup conflict and thus implicated in effective and ethical intercultural practice.
DOA estimation using recursive 2D unitary ESPRIT
Authors: Kuroda Tadaaki , Kikuma Nobuyoshi , Inagaki Naoki 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn mobile communications, it is important to have a knowledge of the multipath wave propagation environment. It is a very effective means of analysis for this purpose to estimate the signal parameters (such as the direction of arrival) of the individual arriving waves. ESPRIT is considered an interesting parameter estimation method. It is an algorithm in which eigenvalue expansion is iteratively applied to the correlation matrix of the input data, and the parameters are estimated. The method works effectively when the number of array elements is small, but a long time is required to arrive at the estimate when the number of elements is increased. Consequently, this paper extends recursive ESPRIT based on QR decomposition, in which recursive calculation is performed, to 2D estimation. Furthermore, in order to improve computation efficiency and to make estimation pairing easy, recursive 2D unitary ESPRIT is proposed. The complex representation is used as the simplest method of pairing for the estimated signal parameters. Spatial averaging is also introduced. Computer simulations of direction angle and azimuth angle estimation for arriving waves with high correlation are performed. The features of the proposed method are thereby demonstrated from the viewpoints of accuracy of estimation, computation time, and tracking performance. Important results are obtained, which will provide a path to future development. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(9): 67–77, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10036
A polarization diversity antenna using a printed dipole and patch with a hole
Authors: Michishita Naobumi , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a polarization diversity antenna that has a half beam width of 60° in the horizontal plane for use in wireless telephony base stations. Specifically, a printed dipole antenna is used as a vertical polarization element and a patch antenna with a hole is used as a horizontal polarization element. With these two combined, a small diversity antenna is constructed. Also, this antenna is analyzed by means of FDTD, confirming the experimental characteristics and elucidating the effect of the antenna parameters on the half beam width in the horizontal plane. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(9): 57–66, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10072
Local SAR estimation system using solid phantom and fixed E‐field probe
Authors: Iyama Takahiro , Tarusawa Yoshiaki , Uebayashi Shinji , Nojima Toshio , Fujiwara Osamu 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe propose a local Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) estimation system using solid phantom and fixed E‐field probe for application to portable wireless devices such as cell phones. This system is constructed from a solid phantom molded from a lossy dielectric and an electric field (E‐field) probe inserted into the phantom. The advantage of this system is the ability to easily measure in a relatively short time the local SAR with measurement deviations of about ±30% compared to the measurements made by the conventional technique using a liquid phantom. First, we perform numerical analysis using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method in the basic parameter design to clearly show the effects of the size of the insertion hole for the E‐field probe in the solid phantom and the complex dielectric permittivity on the antenna input impedance and local SAR. Next, we develop a local SAR estimation system using solid phantom and fixed E‐field probe, and measure and evaluate the antenna input impedance and local SAR of two solid phantoms having different complex dielectric permittivities. We confirmed that their properties tend to nearly agree with the calculated results. Finally, we measure the local SARs of 32 portable phones using this system. We confirmed that compared to the measurements by the E‐field probe scanning method, the measurements of about 77% of the phones have deviations within 30%, and the target measurement accuracy during development could almost be achieved. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(9): 46–56, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10082
Analysis of built‐in antennas for handset using human (head, hand, and finger) model
Authors: Morishita Hisashi , Hayashida Syogo , Ito Jun , Fujimoto Kyohei 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWith increasing size reduction and performance enhancement of portable handsets, there is an increasing requirement to conceal the antenna inside the handset package. When a smaller portable handset is actually used, most users hold the handset with the index finger straight. In this paper, the characteristics of the built‐in antennas for the handset are analyzed by an electromagnetic field simulator with the human body (head, hands, and fingers) taken into account so that the effect presented to the antenna by the human body is clarified. The analysis model consists of a human model made of a head and a hand and fingers holding the handset with an antenna attached to a metal box. The built‐in antenna is either the planar inverted F antenna used in practice or the folded loop antenna proposed as a balanced‐feed antenna. The numerical results by the present analysis model agree well with the experimental values and hence the characteristics of the handset antenna including the effect of the human model can be analyzed accurately. By means of this model, the characteristics of the planar inverted F antenna attached to the handset for operation at the frequency of W‐CDMA are computed in comparison with those of the 5/8‐wavelength monopole antenna frequently used in actual handsets. It is found that the radiation efficiency of the planar inverted F antenna is degraded to near 20% due to the effect of the human model including the fingers. In the case of the folded loop antenna, the radiation efficiency is improved by about 10% in comparison with the planar inverted F antenna since no current flows on the metal box. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(9): 35–45, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10085