bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned: Shaping the evolution of veterinary specialty education
Authors: Sykes Jane E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn response to concerns regarding numerous complex issues facing the veterinary specialty profession, several organizations, including the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, have made a clarion call to the American Veterinary Medical Association to begin discussions surrounding the formation of an accrediting body for internships, residencies, and fellowships. A proposed name for such a body is the Accreditation Council on Graduate Veterinary Medical Education, in alignment with the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME); the term “graduate” refers to specialty education that occurs after the first 4 years of the MD or DVM degree. Although the structure and financing of graduate education differ between the human medical and veterinary professions, we can nevertheless learn much from the history of evolution of human medical specialization as we navigate the path ahead.
Genomic differentiation and niche divergence in the Hetaerina americana (Odonata) cryptic species complex
Authors: Vega‐Sánchez Yesenia Margarita , Oyama Ken , Mendoza‐Cuenca Luis Felipe , Gaytán‐Legaria Ricardo , González‐Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe evolution of reproductive barriers, that is, the speciation process, implies the limitation of gene flow between populations. Different patterns of genomic differentiation throughout the speciation continuum may provide insights into the causal evolutionary forces of species divergence. In this study, we analysed a cryptic species complex of the genus Hetaerina (Odonata). This complex includes H. americana and H. calverti; however, in H. americana two highly differentiated genetic groups have been previously detected, which, we hypothesize, may correspond to different species with low morphological variation. We obtained single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 90 individuals belonging to the different taxa in the complex and carried out differentiation tests to identify genetic isolation. The results from STRUCTURE and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), based on almost 5000 SNPs, confirmed the presence of three highly differentiated taxa. Also, we found FST values above 0.5 in pairwise comparisons, which indicates a considerable degree of genetic isolation among the suggested species. We also found low climatic niche overlap among all taxa, suggesting that each group occurs at specific conditions of temperature, precipitation and elevation. We propose that H. americana comprises two cryptic species, which may be reproductively isolated by ecological barriers related to niche divergence, since the morphological variation is minimal and, therefore, mechanical barriers are probably less effective compared to other related species such as H. calverti.
Plasticity in branch water relations and stem hydraulic vulnerability enhances hydraulic safety in mangroves growing along a salinity gradient
Authors: Beckett Holly A. A. , Bryant Callum , Neeman Teresa , Mencuccini Maurizio , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoping with water stress depends on maintaining cellular function and hydraulic conductance. Yet measurements of vulnerability to drought and salinity do not often focus on capacitance in branch organs that buffer hydraulic function during water stress. The relationships between branch water relations, stem hydraulic vulnerability and stem anatomy were investigated in two co‐occurring mangroves Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora stylosa growing at low and high salinity. The dynamics of branch water release acted to conserve water content in the stem at the expense of the foliage during extended drying. Hydraulic redistribution from the foliage to the stem increased stem relative water content by up to 21%. The water potentials at which 12% and 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity occurred decreased by ~1.7 MPa in both species between low and high salinity sites. These coordinated tissue adjustments increased hydraulic safety despite declining turgor safety margins at higher salinity sites. Our results highlight the complex interplay of plasticity in organ‐level water relations with hydraulic vulnerability in the maintenance of stem hydraulic function in mangroves distributed along salinity gradients. These results emphasise the importance of combining water relations and hydraulic vulnerability parameters to understand vulnerability to water stress across the whole plant.
The intimate socialities of going carbon neutral
Authors: Collins Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that the generation of social intimacy is critical to enabling acts of environmental care. By interrogating the intimate socialities of a group of young people who grew up in a village community committed to carbon reduction, I untangle the influence of everyday intimacies on everyday (un)sustainabilities, particularly in relation to the popular but uncritical positioning of young people as ‘sustainability saviours’. I problematise assumptions that young people's social intimacies are a straightforward enabler of lifestyle change aligned with sustainability by highlighting the fluidity of intimacies and associated senses of trust throughout young adulthood. I argue further that capitalising on this fluidity might in fact amplify bottom‐up environmental care if young people can move readily between networked spaces of trust and support. Drawing from scholarship on friendship, family and community intimacies and the substantial literature on households as crucibles for more sustainable living, I suggest there is considerable reconciliation work demanded at a personal level in order to live comfortably within the everyday intimacies of social life at the same time as committing to individual environmental action. These arguments advance debates around the optimal social drivers of more sustainable lifestyles, at the same time as sounding a cautionary note in relation to the too easy emplacement of responsibility for driving change at the feet of young people.
An evaluation of intracapsular lens extraction and transcorneal lens reduction for treatment of anterior lens luxation in dogs
Authors: Bowyer Ashley N. , Lassaline Mary E. , Holt Elaine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate success rate, complications, and outcomes in dogs with anterior lens luxation (ALL) treated with intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE) or transcorneal lens reduction (TCLR).ProcedureMedical records of dogs with ALL undergoing ICLE or TCLR from 2014 to 2021 were reviewed. Signalment, presenting complaint, history, ophthalmic examination findings, short‐term complications, and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThere were 20 ICLEs and 31 TCLRs; however, some cases were included in both groups. One ICLE was unsuccessful and four had undergone TCLR first, leaving 15 ICLEs. Three TCLRs were unsuccessful, four were lost to follow up, and three subsequently underwent ICLE due to recurrent ALL, leaving 21 TCLRs. Anterior uveitis was more common following ICLE than TCLR, p < .001 The frequencies of other short‐term complications (post‐operative hypertension and corneal ulceration) were not statistically different between groups. Median follow‐up was 256 and 48 days for ICLE and TCLR, respectively. Vision was retained in 7/10 (70%) eyes following ICLE and 4/9 (44%) eyes following TCLR, p = .34. Enucleation was recommended for fewer eyes following ICLE (2/15 [13%]) than TCLR (7/21 [33%], p = .47). In total, lens extraction was achieved in 19/20 (95%) ICLEs and lens reduction was achieved in 28/31 (90%) TCLRs. Anterior lens luxation recurred in 10/24 (41%) TCLRs.ConclusionsThe present study adds data to the current knowledge base regarding the treatment of ALL in dogs and highlights the need for future prospective studies containing a larger number of animals to help inform treatment decisions for dogs with ALL.
Variability Estimation in a Nonlinear Crack Growth Simulation Model With Controlled Parameters Using Designed Experiments Testing
Authors: Yeo Seungju , Funkenbusch Paul , Askari Hesam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Variability in multiple independent input parameters makes it difficult to estimate the resultant variability in a system's overall response. The propagation of errors (PE) and Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are two major methods to predict the variability of a system. However, the formalism of PE can lead to an inaccurate estimate for systems that have parameters varying over a wide range. For the latter, the results give a direct estimate of the variance of the response, but for complex systems with many parameters, the number of trials necessary to yield an accurate estimate can be sizeable to the point the technique becomes impractical. The effectiveness of a designed experiment (orthogonal array) methodology, as employed in Taguchi tolerance design (TD) method to estimate variability in complex systems is studied. We use a linear elastic three-point bending beam model and a nonlinear extended finite elements crack growth model to test and compare the PE and MC methods with the TD method. Our focus is on assessing their effectiveness under those specific circumstances. Results from an MC estimate, using 10,000 trials, serve as a referent to evaluate the result in both cases. We find that the PE method works suboptimal for a coefficient of variation above 5% in the input variables. In addition, we find that the TD method works very well with moderately sized trials of designed experiments for both models. Our results demonstrate how the variability estimation methods perform in the deterministic domain of numerical simulations and can assist in designing physical tests by providing a guideline performance measure.
Dynamic Characteristics of Three-Body Braking System Considering Tire-Road Friction
Authors: Du Shenggang , Zhang Yuhang , Wei Daogao , Zhu Yawei , Zhang Liang , Wu Di 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the significant increase in vehicle ownership in our country, urban traffic conditions have become increasingly congested. Low-speed driving has become more prevalent, leading to more frequent instances of starting and braking. Consequently, the issue of low-speed braking flutter has become increasingly prominent. While the brake is in an open environment, the dust and particles in the air and the debris generated by the brake itself will have an impact on the braking behavior. In addition, according to the theory of modal coupling, the braking stability of the vehicle is also affected by other components. In this paper, different dynamic torsional models of braking system are established according to different braking conditions. Through numerical calculation, the influence of tire parameters, road conditions, and particles on the friction dynamics characteristics of braking system pairs is explored. The results show that the instability of the brake pair system often occurs at low speed. Different tire slip ratios, tire offset factors, and road conditions will lead to different relative motions of the braking system, but the existence of particles in the brake lining-disk interface can enhance the motion stability of the system.
Multiobjective Optimization Study on the Aerodynamic Performance and Anti-Erosion Characteristics of a Single-Stage Dusty Flue Gas Turbine
Authors: Cai Liuxi , He Yao , Yao Jiawei , Hou Yanfang , Wang Shunsen , Feng Zhenping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Solid particle erosion of dusty energy recovery turbine blades has a great impact on the operating economics and safety of the unit. To mitigate the erosion of blade and improve the aerodynamic performance of the turbine, a multi-objective optimization method for turbine cascade based on the experimental design method, genetic algorithm and CFD multiphase flow simulation was developed. The optimization results show that the number of stator and rotor blades and the trailing edge angle at 50% blade span are the main parameters affecting the efficiency and blade erosion of the dusty turbine. By reducing the number of stator blades and the circumferential bending angle of the stator trailing edge, the impingement velocity and impingement probability of particles impinging on the stator trailing edge decrease by 7.5%–16.8% and 8.9%–46.2%, respectively. Additionally, compared with the original design, the flow separation loss and secondary flow intensity of the rotor blade row are suppressed by adjusting the load distribution and inlet attack angle of the rotor; thus, the turbine efficiency effectively improves by 2.28%. Meanwhile, the optimized blade reduces the particle impingement velocity and probability on the rotor leading edge, and the erosion condition of the rotor leading edge decreases by 70%.
A Holistic Methodology to Quantify Product Competitiveness and Define Innovation Requirements for Micro Gas Turbine Systems in Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Tilocca Giuseppe , Sánchez D. , Torres García M. , Escamilla Perejón A. , Minett S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Microgas turbines are an on-site power and heat generation technology with a small footprint, low gaseous (NOx) and acoustic emissions, low maintenance, and high-grade heat. They entered the market at the dawn of the twentieth century; nevertheless, they achieved minimal success and a marginal role in the microgeneration market. Reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE) raised considerable barriers hindering their market deployment, and fuel cells are also set to compete in this segment. In this scenario, this work presents an analysis of competitiveness grounded in the theory of constraints (TOC). To this end, a specific key performance indicator (KPI) has been produced, which combines technical, economic, and operational factors according to the end-user requirement. This indicator is a function of several penalty factors representing technology and market barriers, which aims to yield a unique insight into the most competitive technology for a given application, accounting for the uncertainty deriving from technical and economic elements. This novel methodology is applied to a new potential niche market: Power-to-Hydrogen-to-Power for remote applications. The methodology is applied to an independent rural community in South Wales for which a backup power system is assessed. Four technologies are considered in the analysis: reciprocating engines, fuel cells, and two different microturbines layouts. Finally, this work provides an overview of the possible R&D&I paths necessary to increase the competitiveness of microgas turbines in certain markets.
Electrohydraulic System Analysis of Variable Recruitment Fluidic Artificial Muscle Bundles With Interaction Effects
Authors: Kim Jeong Yong , Bryant Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the system-level performance of variable recruitment (VR) fluidic artificial muscle (FAM) actuator bundles using a model that incorporates FAM interaction effects. A VR bundle combines multiple FAMs to act as one actuator in which the FAMs are sequentially recruited to increase overall efficiency. In a VR bundle, inactive/low-pressure FAMs are compressed beyond their free strains, exerting resistive forces opposing that of active FAMs. A recent model that captures this behavior is used to simulate sinusoidal contraction of a VR bundle with a hanging mass load. The implications of inter-FAM effects on the force–strain space of a VR bundle are discussed and a method of recruitment state transition required to track a sinusoid is proposed. The dynamics of the electrohydraulic subsystems are presented and used to evaluate its system efficiency and bandwidth limits. Three different electrohydraulic configurations are considered: (1) continuous motor operation with constant pump displacement, (2) intermittent motor operation with constant pump displacement, and (3) continuous motor operation with variable pump displacement. Simulation results show the superior bandwidth capabilities of VR bundles by demonstrating its ability to track sinusoids with amplitudes up to 16% strain at frequencies greater than 0.5 Hz, compared to that of a single equivalent cross section area motor unit (SEMU). In addition to increased bandwidth limit, system efficiencies averaged over a range of amplitudes show up to 170% increase when comparing a VR bundle using variable pump displacement to a SEMU using constant pump displacement.
Socioeconomic circumstances, health-related behaviours and paediatric infections: a mediation analysis
Authors: Videholm Samuel , Silfverdal Sven Arne , Gustafsson Per E 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo examine how the effect of disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances on the risk of paediatric infections is mediated by pregnancy smoking, excess weight during pregnancy and breast feeding in children under 5 years of age.DesignA population-level, retrospective cohort study. The Swedish Medical Birth Register was combined with the National Patient Register, the longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies, the Cause of Death Register and a local register held by the Child Health Care Unit in Uppsala Region.SettingUppsala Region, Sweden.Patients63 216 term and post-term singletons born to women who resided in Uppsala Region, Sweden between 1997 and 2015.Main outcome measuresNumber of hospital admissions for infectious diseases. Secondary outcomes were the number of hospitalisations for respiratory and enteric infections, respectively.ResultsThe effect of disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances, that is, low maternal education on the overall risk of paediatric infections was mediated to a considerable (33%–64%) proportion by pregnancy smoking, excess weight during pregnancy and breast feeding.ConclusionsPregnancy smoking, excess weight during pregnancy and breast feeding mediate a considerable proportion of the association between deprived socioeconomic circumstances and paediatric infectious diseases. Therefore, inequalities in paediatric infectious diseases may be reduced by public health policies addressing these health-related behaviours.
Pulmonary function outcomes after tuberculosis treatment in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lew Yao Long , Tan Angelica Fiona , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Yeo Tsin Wen , Chang Anne B. , Lowbridge Christopher P. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDespite tuberculosis (TB) being a curable disease, current guidelines fail to account for the long-term outcomes of post-tuberculosis lung disease—a cause of global morbidity despite successful completion of effective treatment. Our systematic review aimed to synthesise the available evidence on the lung function outcomes of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).MethodsPubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library and ProQuest databases were searched for English-only studies without time restriction (latest search date 22 March 2023). Inclusion criteria were (1) patients who had TB with pulmonary involvement at age ≤18 years; (2) pulmonary function tests (PFTs) performed on patients after treatment completion; and (3) observational studies, including cohort and cross-sectional studies. We adhered to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.ResultsFrom 8040 records, 5 studies were included (involving n=567 children), with spirometry measures from 4 studies included in the meta-analyses. The effect sizes of childhood TB on forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity z-scores were estimated to be −1.53 (95% CI −2.65, –0.41; p=0.007) and −1.93 (95% CI −3.35, –0.50; p=0.008), respectively.DiscussionThe small number of included studies reflects this under-researched area, relative to the global burden of TB. Nevertheless, as childhood PTB impacts future lung function, PFTs (such as spirometry) should be considered a routine test when evaluating the long-term lung health of children beyond their completion of TB treatment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021250172.
IgG4-related disease of the mastoid: a rare presentation of a novel diagnosis
Authors: Achanta Mohit , Jaber Hisham , Onovo Adaku , Stew Ben 
Published: November 2023

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an inflammatory condition characterised by infiltration of tissue by IgG4-positive plasma cells. This is the seventh reported case of IgG4-RD affecting the mastoid and informs clinicians in diagnosing patients affected by this rare condition.A woman in her 20s presented with unilateral otalgia, hearing loss and vertigo. She deteriorated despite antibiotic therapy and cross-sectional imaging revealed a destructive extra-axial lesion of the mastoid cells. Biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of IgG4-RD. She was successfully treated with prednisolone and azathioprine.Inflammatory conditions should be considered in patients with persistent middle ear symptoms after infection and malignancy are excluded. Delays in diagnosis can lead to irreversible mass effects and may occur as current diagnostic criteria exclude mastoid-specific features.IgG4-RD remains a rare diagnosis. To avoid significant effects on a patients’ quality of life, prompt multidisciplinary treatment is vital alongside development of diagnostic criteria specific to otolaryngology.
Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with cluster sign and galaxy sign
Authors: Nakamura Tomoaki , Nishimura Naoki 
Published: November 2023

In a routine medical check-up, a healthy man in his 20s was found to have an upper left lung abnormality. Subsequent chest CT revealed the cluster sign (CS) and galaxy sign (GS). Although tests such as sputum analysis and interferon-gamma assays reduced the likelihood of tuberculosis, these abnormalities remained unchanged. A lung biopsy indicated non-caseating granuloma unrelated to tuberculosis. Initially suspected of sarcoidosis, the patient later developed fever and malaise. Follow-up CT showed CS progressing to a cavitatory shadow and GS intensification. The detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in a subsequent sputum analysis prompted treatment with antitubercular drugs, leading to symptom relief.CS and GS are usually associated with sarcoidosis but can also occur in tuberculosis, connected to slower pathogen growth and lower isolation rates. Furthermore, pulmonary tuberculosis may ultimately be present even when biopsies show non-caseating granulomas that are not typical ofM. tuberculosisand sputum culture results are negative forM. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis should not be ruled out lightly, and patients should be carefully followed-up.