bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law’s Future
Authors: Susskind Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
And so we come now to look to the future-of law, lawyers, and legal service. It is hard to know where to begin when thinking ahead about the future of law. What might our legal institutions look like in, say, one hundred years’ time? In other aspects of our life, we perhaps feel more comfortable about guessing. Manufacturing, we tend to hazard, will be dominated by advanced robotics. Travel will become quicker, smoother, and sleeker no doubt, relying on less offensive energy sources than are used today. Education and learning will be transformed by hugely enhanced information flow and distance learning, dominated we suspect by simulated experiences delivered through virtual reality. Remote diagnosis in medicine seems inevitable as does on-line domestic purchasing without crossing the physical threshold of a shop or store. Above all perhaps, we anticipate that technology will release our descendants from many of the excesses of work to enable fulfilment in a society where leisure activities will play a more prominent role. And so we could go on.
Regulation in the European Community and its Impact on the UK
Authors: Mcgowan Francis , Seabright Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1980s (and the second half of that decade in particular) saw a striking increase in the extent to which regulatory activity in the European Community impinged upon the United Kingdom. This is ironic in view of the deregulatory philosophy widely espoused during the decade (and particularly so as this philosophy was embraced by the UK and the European Commission much more strongly then elsewhere in the Community). Such a development has raised in a stark form the question what the respective spheres of competence of the UK’s and the EC’s regulatory institutions should be, and whether the evolving division of powers is likely to make economic sense. Regulatory sovereignty can admit of many degrees, and considerable regulatory powers have been effectively transferred from the UK to the EC while in no way leaving the UK itself powerless in regulatory matters.
International Trade: Theory
Authors: Bell Clive 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Capital and Growth,Hicks (1965) writes, “Underdevelopment economics is a [... ] practical subject which must expect to call upon any branch of theory [... ] which has any relevance to it. If there is any branch of theory which is especially relevant to it, it is the Theory of International Trade” (pp. 3-4)-authority indeed to begin with a chapter on trade in a book dealing with development policy.
Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Bell Clive 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far, we have proceeded as if everything relevant to a project”s profitability were known with perfect certainty, even into the far future. A little reflection suggests that this involves an unusually strong “willing suspension of disbelief; for experience tells us that things rarely work out exactly as expected. On the technical side, a factory may not function with the productivity claimed by the consulting engineers, especially if the process is new and untried. Prices also have a disconcerting habit of changing unexpectedly. Indeed, some think that world prices are especially given to springing surprises.
Temporal Aggregation of GARCH Processes
Authors: Drost Feike C , Numan Theo E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We derive low frequency, say weekly, models implied by high frequency, say daily, ARMA models with symmetric GARCH errors. Both stock and flow variable cases are considered. We show that low frequency models exhibit conditional heteroskedasticity of the GARCH form as well. The parameters in the conditional variance equation of the low frequency model depend upon mean, variance, and kurtosis parameters of the corresponding high frequency model. Moreover, strongly consistent estimators of the parameters in the high frequency model can be derived from low frequency data in many interesting cases. The common assumption in applications that rescaled innovations are independent is disputable, since it depends upon the available data frequency.
The Organization of Industry
Authors: Richardson G B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was once in the habit of telling pupils that firms might be envisaged as islands of planned co-ordination in a sea of market relations. This now seems to me a highly misleading account of the way in which industry is in fact organized. The underlying idea, of course, was of the existence of two ways in which economic activity could be co-ordinated, the one, conscious planning, holding sway within firms, the other, the price mechanism, operating spontaneously on the relations between firms and between firms and their customers. The theory of the firm, I argued, had as its central core an elaboration of the logic of this conscious planning; the theory of markets analysed the working of the price mechanism under a variety of alternative structural arrangements.
Production, Information Costs and Economic Organization
Authors: Alchian Armen A , Demsetz Harold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mark of a capitalistic society is that resources are owned and allocated by such nongovernmental organizations as firms, households, and markets. Resource owners increase productivity through cooperative specialization and this leads to the demand for economic organizations which facilitate co-operation. When a lumber mill employs a cabinetmaker, co-operation between specialists is achieved within a firm, and when a cabinetmaker purchases wood from a lumberman, the co-operation takes place across markets (or between firms). Two important problems face a theory of economic organization-to explain the conditions that determine whether the gains from specialization and cooperative production can better be obtained within an organization like the firm, or across markets, and to explain the structure of the organization.
Transaction-Cost Economics Governance of Contractual Relations
Authors: Williamson Oliver E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The new institutional economics is preoccupied with the origins, incidence, and ramifications of transaction costs. Indeed, if transaction costs are negligible, the organization of economic activity is irrelevant, since any advantages one mode of organization appears to hold over another will simply be eliminated by costless contracting. But despite the growing realization that transaction costs are central to the study of economics,1 skeptics remain. Stanley Fischer’s complaint is typical: ‘Transaction costs have a well-deserved bad name as a theoretical device . . . [partly] because there is a suspicion that almost anything can be rationalized by invoking suitably specified transaction costs.’ Put differently, there are too many degrees of freedom; the concept wants for definition.
Corporate Culture and Economic Theory
Authors: Kreps David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I explore how an economic theorist might explain or model a concept such as corporate culture. While the theoretical construction that is given is far from inclusive (which is to say that many aspects of corporate culture are not covered), I conclude that economic theory is moving in the direction of what seems a reasonable story. But before that story can be considered told, we must employ tools that are currently missing from the economist’s tool kit. In particular, we require a framework for dealing with the unforeseen.
Interpenetration Of Organization and Market: Japan’s Firm and Market in Comparison with the US
Authors: Imai Ken-ichi , Itami Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have two purposes in this paper. One is to present a general conceptual framework of resource allocation mechanisms which will enable us to analyse resource allocation both in the market and in the organization (i.e., the firm here) from a common vantage point. Our emphasis is on the mixture of market principles and organization principles in allocating resources either in the market or in the organization. Market principles penetrate resource allocation in the organization and organization principles creep into resource allocation in the market. This mixing phenomenon which we call interpenetration is essential to understanding various resource allocation patterns in the real world.
Joint Ventures and lnterorganizational Interdependence
Authors: Pfeffer Jeffrey , Nowak Phillip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are many varieties of interorganizational linkage. Corporations interlock their boards of directors (Dooley, 1969; Levine, 1972; Pfeffer, 1972a); there is movement of personnel from one organization to another (Baty, Evan, and Rothermel, 1971; Pfeffer and Leblebici, 1973); forms of contractual and noncontractual relations develop (Macaulay, 1963); and, at times, organizations absorb other organizations through merger (Pfeffer, 1972b). The varieties of linkage have been discussed by Thompson and McEwen (1958), who noted that goals and actions of organizations inevitably are constrained by their environments. Interorganizational linkages enable the organization to manage some of its environmental constraints and control some of the contingencies it confronts. Thompson and McEwen wrote that organizations face a dilemma in dealing with their environments.
The Social Shaping of Technology
Authors: Williams Robin , Edge David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies of the Social Shaping of Technology (SST) emerged in the 1980s through a critique of the prevailing ‘technological determinism’ tradition, which had limited its scope of enquiry to monitoring the social adjustments required by technological progress.1 In contrast, SST researchers ‘problematized’ technological change by showing that it is patterned by the conditions of its creation and use, rather than developing solely according to an inner technical logic.
Technologies as Cultural Artefacts
Authors: Woolgar Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What does it mean to say that technology has ”social dimensions’? Answers to this question vary widely. One view—typified by the general injunction to ”take the human element into account’—supports the idea that the design, development, and use of ICTs are driven, on the whole, by the ‘actual’ characteristics of the technology. It admits the involvement of ‘humans’, for example through their participation in economic and political decisions affecting the adoption and implementation of ICTs. But this involvement is generally regarded as having no bearing upon the hardware and software which make up the core of the technology. Such a restricted conception of ‘the social’ also supports a version of ‘technological determinism’—the belief that new technology emerges as an extrapolation of previous technologies, with the characteristics of a technology having a direct impact on social arrangements.
Computer Power and Human Limits
Authors: Peltu Malcolm , Mackenzie Donald , Shapiro, Stuart , Dutton William H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Disasters involving ICTs loom large in the public mind, with the computer often featuring as a major culprit. Some public anxieties may be exaggerated because of fictional dramas like 2001: A Space Odyssey and Jurassic Park. However, their fears have been reflected in the analyses of experts since the 1960s, for example in warning about a software crisis’ causing many operational problems, ranging from annoying ”bugs’ to catastrophic failures.
Introduction
Authors: Child John , Faulkner David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cooperative strategy is the attempt by organizations to realize their objectives through cooperation with other organizations, rather than in competition with them. It focuses on the benefits that can be gained through cooperation and how to manage the cooperation so as to realize them. A cooperative strategy can offer significant advantages for companies which are lacking in particular competences or resources to secure these through links with others possessing complementary skills or assets; it may also offer easier access to new markets, and opportunities for mutual synergy and learning.
Control
Authors: Child John , Faulkner David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Control is widely regarded as a critical issue for the successful management and performance of strategic alliances. It might appear strange that it generates so much concern in the case of organizations founded on collaboration. This is because the formation of an alliance requires each partner to share some control, which introduces an additional dimension of uncertainty. As Geringer and Hebert (1989: 236) have put it rather graphically with reference to international joint ventures, ‘although each partner must, by definition, relinquish some control over an IJV’s activities, such a move is often accompanied by great consternation’.
Emerging Economies
Authors: Child John , Faulkner David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Developing countries contain almost Bo per cent of the world’s consumers, and almost all of the world’s population-based market growth will occur in them during the twenty-first century. From an economic point of view, the most significant developing countries are those whose economies are ‘emerging’ both in terms of market opportunity and in the sense that they are coming out from the constraints of state administration and restrictions on foreign trade. These economies are now seeking to modernize rapidly with the assistance of foreign governments and companies.
Applied Macroeconometrics
Authors: Favero Carlo A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This text provides graduate students of macroeconomics, econometrics, and monetary economics with discussion and practical illustrations of the techniques used in applied macroeconometrics. Until the 1970s, there was consensus regarding both the theoretical foundations and the empirical specification of applied macroeconometric modelling, commonly known as the Cowles Commission approach. This is no longer the case: the Cowles Commission approach broke down in the 1970s, to be replaced by a number of prominent competing methods--the LSE (London School of Economics) approach, the VAR approach, and the intertemporal optimization/Real Business Cycle approach. Applied Macroeconometrics examines the empirical research strategy of these alternatives by interpreting them as attempts to solve the problems observed in the Cowles Commission approach. The different research strategies are illustrated with specific reference to real-world examples, particularly with respect to the monetary transmission mechanism. A common US dataset is used in these examples, thus allowing the reader easy comparisons. The presentation is based on the view that identification, a central concept in econometrics, provides a natural framework in which to discuss the alternative strategies currently dominating research. The first part of the book introduces time-series models and details the importance of their identification. The second part illustrates, chapter by chapter, the alternative approaches, providing detailed applications of each methodology. Data used in the applications are available in a variety of formats from the author's web site, and will be supplemented by exercises for the reader to perform.
Var Approach
Authors: Favero Carlo A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The LSE methodology has interpreted the failure of the traditional Cowles Commission approach, heralded by the critiques of Lucas (1976) and Sims (1980a), as the result of using mis-specified and ill-identified models. The LSE methodology, however, does not question the potential of macroeconometric modelling for simulation and econometric policy evaluation. In fact, at the stage of simulation and policy evaluation, there is no difference between the traditional Cowles Commission approach and the LSE approach. The LSE solution to the problems of traditional macroeconometric modelling concentrates on the stages of identification and specification. The importance of estimation is de-emphasized, in that congruency of the specification is considered as a much higher priority than the choice of the most appropriate estimator. No innovation is proposed at the stage of simulation and policy evaluation: the traditional methods are applied, after having tested, tested, and tested.
The Treatise on General Sociology
Authors: Pareto Vilfredo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the various complex phenomena observable in a society, the regime or system of government is of very great importance, for it is intimately associated with the character of the governing class, and both of them are in a relationship of interdependence with other social phenomena. Those for whom the form of government is of highest importance are much exercised by the question: ‘What is the best form of governmental system? ‘ But this question has little or no meaning unless the particular society is indicated to which the system is to be applied, and unless the term ‘best ‘ is explained, for it refers in a very indefinite way to the various individual and social utilities. Although now and then this has sometimes been discerned intuitively, consideration of forms of governmental system has begotten endless numbers of derivations which ultimately appear as various myths. Both myths and derivations are worth nothing at all from the logico-experimental viewpoint, but both of them (or rather the sentiments they manifest) may have effects of great significance in motivating human behaviour.
Top Management Styles 1n Europe: Implications for Business and Cross-National Teams
Authors: Kakabadse A , Myers A , McMahon, T , Spony G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At an individual level, Eurobarometer (CEC 1991), which assesses public opinion in the European Community (now the European Union), posed the question in its survey ‘how frequently does one feel European? ‘ In the European Community only 15 per cent of citizens said they thought of themselves as not only their nationality but also European ‘often ‘, 33 per cent ‘sometimes ‘, and 49 per cent ‘never ‘. A positive shift in opinion is likely to take time, perhaps a number of years. At an organizational level, based on the number of mergers and acquisitions that have taken place in recent times, a large number of multinationals are now operating inside the European Community: for example, Sumitomo ‘s acquisition of Dunlop ‘s European operation, Rhone-Poulenc ‘s full integration with May and Baker, Tryghansa‘s expansion throughout Europe. As a result, some commentators believe that the emergence of a European management style is a distinct possibility.
Sexual Static
Authors: Rosener Judy B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whatever their fundamental origin, gender differences give rise to a subtle phenomenon seldom taken into account in discussions of women in the workplace. I call this phenomenon ‘sexual static ‘. Sexual static is like snow on the television set or noise on the radio-it causes interference with messages being communicated. In the workplace, messages sent between men and women are difficult to understand because of sexual static in the air. Both men and women experience sexual static. It causes frustration for women and discomfort for men. Women are frustrated because they feel the static could be minimized if men understood gender differences. Men just want the static to go away. They feel working with women means walking on eggshells, and although they ‘re not sure what causes the static, they know it ‘s associated with the presence of women.
Voicing Seduction to Silence Leadership
Authors: Calás Marta B , Smircich Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everything is seduction and nothing but seduction. They wanted us to believe that everything was production. The leitmotive of world transformation, the play of productive forces is to regulate the flow of things. Seduction is merely an immoral, frivolous, superficial, and superfluous process; one within the realm of signs and appearances; one that is devoted to pleasure and to the usufruct of useless bodies. What if everything, contrary to appearances-in fact according to the secret rule of appearances-operated by (the principle of) seduction? (Baudrillard 1988: 162) ‘... If you cannot give something up for something of like value, if you consider it non substitutable, then you do not possess it any more than it possesses you.
Understanding self-harm
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the purposes of our discussion, we are defining self-harm as deliberate behaviours intended to do physical harm to the body with-out intent to die, that serve a short-term function but have negative long-term consequences. We have deliberately not outlined the specific behaviours of self-harm as we wish to focus attention rather on alternative solutions to the feelings that precipitate self-harm behaviour. Common short-term functions of self-harm can be divided into two broad groups:
Is treatment effective?
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Treatment can be effective! Expert agreement is that psychotherapy is the primary treatment for BPD with medication to assisty.
Of course if you are engaged in an effective treatment you are likely to recover more fully and faster than you would just with the passage of time. When science explores whether a treatment is effective, all the outcomes are pooled (joined) together. This means that science will report an analysis of the averages of all outcomes. So, when we write about an effective treatment, it means that if you are involved in this treatment there is a statistically similar chance of you achieving the same outcome. However, as in any group some people will have better and worse outcomes than others, which affect the averages reported.
What to expect from treatment
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Treatment for BPD is generally a relatively long-term commitment, both on your part, and the part of your clinicians. The average frequency of therapy sessions if you are seeing a therapist might be one hour/week, with some people being seen more often and some less often. Change is a process that does not work in a straight line, so do not be disappointed if you feel like you are taking two steps forward and one back. From every clinician you should expect respect, clear limits/boundaries, knowledge, hope, a relatively long-term view, collaboration, and confidentiality. If you have been in the mental health system for a long time and have only recently been given a BPD diagnosis, do not despair, this could represent a major turning point in your recovery.
Support network
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Getting support from family and/or friends could be important for you and for your recovery; however, relationships may have become strained. Initially you may only have a few people in your support system. This is OK, as you can build your network as you go along. Family and friends can have a huge role in your recovery. They may be the people who know you best and may be the people who walk your journey most closely with you. It is important that you nurture and look after your support relationships. One way to help willing people in your support system is to help them understand the BPD condition.
Is it what we do with emotions of anger, guilt, and regret that makes a difference?
Authors: Krawitz Roy , Jackson Wendy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We do not necessarily have to act on our feelings and urges. We all feel anger at times. Anger may arise in response to feeling threatened or used. To be able to deal with our anger skilfully, we first have to identify that we are angry. Often the guilt we experience comes directly from our self-talk and the messages we were given as vulnerable children. Many people’s lives have turned around when they were able to stop blaming themselves for damaging things others have done to them, such as sexual assault.