bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mstnet: method for glaucoma grading based on multimodal feature fusion of spatial relations
Authors: Wang Zhizhou , Wang Jun , Zhang Hongru , Yan Chen , Wang Xingkui , Wen Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient multimodal learning framework for the classification of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can result in vision loss and blindness, often due to delayed detection and treatment. Fundus images and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images have proven valuable for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. However, current models that combine features from both modalities often lack efficient spatial relationship modeling. Approach. In this study, we propose an innovative approach to address the classification of glaucoma. We focus on leveraging the features of OCT volumes and harness the capabilities of transformer models to capture long-range spatial relationships. To achieve this, we introduce a 3D transformer model to extract features from OCT volumes, enhancing the model’s effectiveness. Additionally, we employ downsampling techniques to enhance model efficiency. We then utilize the spatial feature relationships between OCT volumes and fundus images to fuse the features extracted from both sources. Main results. Our proposed framework has yielded remarkable results, particularly in terms of glaucoma grading performance. We conducted our experiments using the GAMMA dataset, and our approach outperformed traditional feature fusion methods. By effectively modeling spatial relationships and combining OCT volume and fundus map features, our framework achieved outstanding classification results. Significance. This research is of significant importance in the field of glaucoma diagnosis and management. Efficient and accurate glaucoma classification is essential for timely intervention and prevention of vision loss. Our proposed approach, which integrates 3D transformer models, offers a novel way to extract and fuse features from OCT volumes and fundus images, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of glaucoma classification. This work has the potential to contribute to improved patient care, particularly in the early detection and treatment of glaucoma, thereby reducing the risk of vision impairment and blindness.
Compressive color ghost imaging based on pseudo-inverse matrix
Authors: Liu Yang , Yu Zhan , Bai Xing , Yuan Sheng , Wang Yujie , Chen Xingyu , Li Xinjia , Sun Mingze , Zhou Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a compressive color ghost imaging method based on pseudo-inverse matrix is proposed, which improves the quality of imaging result via post-processing the measurement matrix. For a color ghost imaging utilizing compressive sensing algorithm, if we treat a color image as a form of grayscale image and perform pseudo-inverse operation on the measurement matrix, a new measurement model will be established and the preliminary ghost imaging reconstruction result can be obtained by the compressive sensing algorithm, then the preliminary result is converted into a superposition of three channels to form the final color image. The feasibility of this method is proved by numerical simulation and physical experiment, and comparations among our method and the latest typical improvement methods, i.e., the singular value decomposition compressive ghost imaging and the pseudo-inverse ghost imaging, are conducted. The results show that our method can achieve the better quality of reconstructed color image with a high structure similarity beyond 0.8.
Sensing applications of graphitic carbon nitride (C6N8) for nitrogen oxides: A DFT study
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Saad , Shehzad Rao Aqil , Iqbal Javed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The absorption properties of molecules NOx onto monolayered C6N8 were investigated thoroughly with density functional theory. Detailed orbital, and reactivity analysis on C6N8 monolayer have shown that NO2 and NO were successfully adsorbed onto the C6N8 monolayer with considerable amount of adsorption energy and charge transfer. The electric conductivity of the C6N8 monolayer significantly increased due to the adsorption of the NO2 and NO, resulting in the semiconducting behavior of the material being turned into conducting behavior. It has been established that the absorption rate of NO2 and NO onto the C6N8 monolayer is moderate, making their desorption fairly simple, indicating potential in terms of C6N8 sensor’s reusability. Hence, C6N8 monolayer could be a promising candidate for sensing NO and NO2, which can be validated through further experimental studies.
Design and simulation of Cu2SnSe3-based solar cells using various hole transport layer (HTL) for performance efficiency above 32%
Authors: Monnaf Md Abdul , Haque A K M Mahmudul , Ali Md Hasan , Bhattarai Sagar , Haque Md Dulal , Rahman Md Ferdous 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The current research investigates the (Ni/V2O5/Cu2SnSe3/In2S3/ITO/Al) novel heterostructure of Cu2SnSe3-based solar cell numerically using the SCAPS-1D simulator. The goal of this study is to determine how the proposed cell’s performance will be impacted by the V2O5 hole transport layer and the In2S3 electron transport layer. To enhance cell performances, the effects of thickness, carrier concentration and defect in the absorber layer, electron concentration, hole concentration, total generation and recombination, interface defect, J-V and Q-E characteristics, and operating temperature are investigated. Our preliminary simulation results demonstrate that, in the absence of V2O5 HTL, the efficiency of a conventional Cu2SnSe3 cell is 22.14%, a value that is in suitable agreement with the published experimental values. However, a simulated efficiency of up to 32.34% can be attained by using the HTL and ETL combination of V2O5 and In2S3, respectively, and optimized device parameters. The ideal carrier concentration and layer thickness for the Cu2SnSe3 absorber layer are, 1018 cm−3 and 1000 nm, respectively,. However, it is also seen that for optimum device performances, the back-contact metal work function (BMWF) must be higher than 5.22 eV. The outcomes of this contribution may open up useful research directions for the thin-film photovoltaic sector, enabling the production of high-efficient and low-cost Cu2SnSe3-based PV cells.
Optical wave solutions of highly dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger equation without the existence of inter-model dispersion
Authors: Jiang Yu-hang , Wang Chun-yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper studies highly dispersive solitons with a nonlinear refractive index without inter-model dispersion, which is of great significance in long-distance optical soliton communication and therefore has important research value. By using the trial equation method and the complete discrimination system for the polynomial method, we get a large number of solutions that were not previously studied by scholars and divide these solutions into four modes: rational modes, solitary wave modes, triangular function periodic modes, and elliptic function double periodic modes. These solutions demonstrate the propagation mode and spatial structure of the equation. Compared with previous scholars’ research, the method used in this article is simpler, easier, and more effective to understand. Besides, two-dimensional images are provided.
Enhancement in photo sensing and photocatalytic degradation activity of Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method
Authors: Ganesh V , Yahia I S , Raj I Loyola Poul , Prakash B , Vinoth S , Isaac R S Rimal , Juliet A Vimala 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the present work, Copper (Cu) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation process. The objectives of the proposed work are to identify the cause of Cu dopant on the crystalline structure, morphology, optical characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic as well as photosensing applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) examinations were used to identify the crystal structure and morphology of the prepared samples. The crystallite size of the undoped ZnO sample was 44 nm, which gets reduced to 36 nm with 5% Cu-doping. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), the band gap of prepared samples of undoped to 5 wt% Cu doped ZnO was calculated, and it was found to be reduced from 3.31 to 3.26 eV. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a decrease in luminous intensity which is in line with the photocatalytic behavior. 5 wt% Cu doped ZnO sample displayed maximum degradation efficiency of 85% in 75 min and degradation rate of 0.02 min−1. Additionally, photo-sensing studies of the 5 wt% Cu doped ZnO sample showed higher responsivity (R), detectivity (D*) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) values of 1.93 × 10−1 AW−1, 1.09 × 1011 Jones and 45% respectively. The rise and fall time of 5 wt% Cu doped ZnO photodetector is in the order of 0.3 and 0.5 s.
Frequency-reconfigurable variode enabled metasurface reflector loaded antenna
Authors: Pande Suyog V , Patil Dipak P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A compact high gain frequency reconfigurable metasurface reflector (MSR) loaded antenna using a varactor diode is proposed in this paper. In comparison to a traditional antenna, a metamaterial (MTM) loaded with CSRR is used to achieve a size reduction up to 70%. The ground plane of the proposed slotted decagon antenna has been loaded with a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR). With dimensions of 0.24 λ × 0.24 λ × 0.013 λ (λ represents the center frequency at 2.40 GHz) the antenna is extremely compact. The antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate with εr = 4.4 & 1.6 mm of thickness. The investigation shows that utilization of the MSR structure has significantly increased gain compared to the decagon antenna without MSR. The MSR-loaded antenna dimension is 0.48 λ × 0.47λ × 0.013 λ (λ represents the center frequency at 2.40 GHz). Frequency reconfigurability is introduced by placing a varactor diode on the patch’s upper side. Changing the varactor’s DC reverse bias voltage from 0 to 10 V causes its resonance frequency to shift from 2420 to 2550 MHz, giving it a tuning ratio of 1.35. The proposed antenna offers efficiency ranges from 70%–80% over the operating bands. Except for a small deviation, there is a fair match between measured and simulated values. The antenna can be used in a variety of current and future communication systems.
Scale of Dirac leptogenesis and left-right symmetry in the light of recent PTA results
Authors: Barman Basabendu , Borah Debasish , Das Suruj Jyoti , Saha Indrajit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMotivated by the recent release of new results from five different pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments claiming to have found compelling evidence for primordial gravitational waves (GW) at nano-Hz frequencies, we study the consequences for two popular beyond the Standard Model (SM) frameworks, where such nano-Hz GW can arise due to annihilating domain walls (DW). Minimal framework of Dirac leptogenesis, as well as left-right symmetric model (LRSM) can lead to formation of DW due to spontaneous breaking ofZ2symmetry. Considering the NANOGrav 15 yr data, we show that the scale of Dirac leptogenesis should be above 107GeV for conservative choices of Dirac Yukawa couplings with fine-tuning at the level of the SM. The scale ofminimalLRSM is found to be more constrainedMLR∼ 106GeV in order to fit the NANOGrav 15 yr data. On the other hand, thenon-minimalLRSM can be compatible with the NANOGrav data for 102TeV ≲MLR≲ 103TeV but with the correspondingB - Lbreaking scale violating collider bounds.
THz plasmonics and electronics in germanene nanostrips
Authors: Tene Talia , Guevara Marco , Tubon-Usca Gabriela , Villacrés Cáceres Oswaldo , Moreano Gabriel , Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Bellucci Stefano 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Germanene nanostrips (GeNSs) have garnered significant attention in modern semiconductor technology due to their exceptional physical characteristics, positioning them as promising candidates for a wide range of applications. GeNSs exhibit a two-dimensional (buckled) honeycomb-like lattice, which is similar to germanene but with controllable bandgaps. The modeling of GeNSs is essential for developing appropriate synthesis methods as it enables understanding and controlling the growth process of these systems. Indeed, one can adjust the strip width, which in turn can tune the bandgap and plasmonic response of the material to meet specific device requirements. In this study, the objective is to investigate the electronic behavior and THz plasmon features of GeNSs (≥100 nm wide). A semi-analytical model based on the charge-carrier velocity of freestanding germanene is utilized for this purpose. The charge-carrier velocity of freestanding germanene is determined through the GW approximation (

m·s−1). Within the width range of 100 to 500 nm, GeNSs exhibit narrow bandgaps, typically measuring only a few meV. Specifically, upon analysis, it was found that the bandgaps of the investigated GeNSs ranged between 29 and 6 meV. As well, these nanostrips exhibit

-like plasmon dispersions, with their connected plasmonic frequency (≤30 THz) capable of being manipulated by varying parameters such as strip width, excitation plasmon angle, and sample quality. These manipulations can lead to frequency variations, either increasing or decreasing, as well as shifts towards larger momentum values. The outcomes of our study serve as a foundational motivation for future experiments, and further confirmation is needed to validate the reported results.
Gyrokinetic modelling of non-linear interaction of Alfvén waves and EGAMs in ASDEX-Upgrade
Authors: Rettino B. , Hayward-Schneider T. , Biancalani A. , Bottino A. , Lauber Ph. , Weiland M. , Vannini F. , Jenko F. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Energetic particle (EP) dynamics and excitation of EP driven instabilities is an important topic of study for the physics of fusion reactors. In this paper we consider EPs injected in the plasma by neutral beams at high energies to heat it. EP species exist far from thermal equilibrium in the form of anisotropic non-Maxwellian distribution functions. EP driven modes, such as Alfvén waves (AWs) and EP driven geodesic acoustic modes (EGAMs), can redistribute EPs in phase-space and harm confinement. We examine the effects of experimental-like anisotropic EP distribution functions on the excitation and the non-linear coupling of such instabilities with the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code ORB5. The growth rate of EGAMs is found to be sensitively dependent on the phase-space shape of the distribution function as well as on the non-linear wave-wave coupling with AWs. Experimental findings are compared with numerical results.
Characterization of early current quench time during massive impurity injection in JT-60SA
Authors: Yokoyama T. , Matsuyama A. , Yamamoto Y. , Miyamoto S. , Shibata Y. , Inoue S. , Kojima S. , Nakamura S. , Wakatsuki T. , Yoshida M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Characteristics of the early current quench (CQ) time in mitigated disruptions are studied for a full-current (5.5 MA) scenario in the JT-60SA superconducting tokamak. Self-consistent evolution of the plasma temperature and current density profiles during the early CQ phase before the plasma moves vertically is simulated using the axisymmetric disruption code INDEX for given impurity source profiles. It is shown that the hollow (flat) impurity density profiles peaks (flattens) the current density, and it causes a temporal change in the internal inductance in this phase. However the resultant CQ time is found to be insensitive to the impurity source profile for the same assimilated quantity. The simulation results are interpreted by the L/R model including the temporal change in the internal inductance as well as the effect of a gap between the plasma and the conducting vessel structures and stabilizing plates. This results will improve the accuracy to estimate the amount of impurity assimilated into plasma from the observed CQ rate in the massive gas injection (MGI) experiment planned in JT-60SA. The accessible range in which the CQ time can be scanned as well as the electron densities to suppress runaway electrons is also shown for different injected amounts of neon, argon, and their deuterium mixture under the limitation of the MGI gas amount. Mitigated disruptions in JT-60SA typically lead to the CQ time shorter than the vessel wall time, which is expected to produce relevant contributions to disruption mitigation in ITER and future reactors.
A self-sustaining mechanism for internal transport barrier formation in HL-2A tokamak plasmas
Authors: Lin W.H. , Garcia J. , Li J.Q. , Mazzi S. , Li Z.J. , He X.X. , Yu X. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The formation of Internal Transport Barrier (ITB) is studied in HL-2A plasmas by means of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations. A new paradigm for the ITB formation is proposed in which different physics mechanisms play a different role depending on the ITB formation stage. In the early stage, fast ions, introduced by Neutral Beam Injection ion system, are found to stabilize the thermal-ion-driven instability by dilution, thus reducing the ion heat fluxes and finally triggering the ITB. Such dilution effects, however, play a minor role after the ITB is triggered as electromagnetic (EM) effects are dominant in the presence of established high pressure gradients. We define the concept of ITB self-sustainment, as the low turbulence levels found within the fully formed ITB are consequences of large scale zonal flows, which in turn are fed by a non-linear interplay with large scale high frequency EM perturbations destabilized by the ITB itself.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Selection under Medium Altitude Tropics in Preliminary Yield Trial
Authors: Noerwijati K , Wahyuni TS , Budiono R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cassava has a variety of uses, including food, animal feed, and as an industrial raw material for a variety of products. Cassava is more resistant to global climate change, so it will be the food source of the future. Land for cassava cultivation will shift to marginal land in the medium and highlands as a result of land conversion because it cannot compete with high-value food commodities. Based on this, cassava that is adapted to land at medium to high altitudes is required (at least 700 m asl). The results showed that of the 44 clones tested and two control varieties, clone 344 (55.07 t.ha-1) produced the highest tuber yield (2.11 times that of the control varieties). Clones 344 had the highest harvest index of 0.6, the highest dry matter content of 44.18%, the highest starch content of 22.08%, and the highest starch yield of 12.17 t.ha-1. Clones 368 (41.8 t.ha-1), 584 (47.09 t.ha-1), 222 (40.01 t.ha-1), 712 (42.46 t.ha-1), and 183 also had tuber yields greater than 40 t.ha-1 and relatively high branching (42.90 t.ha-1). Tuber yield averaged 17.76 t.ha.-1 for two control varieties.
Effect of Paclobutrazol on Leaf and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Flowering
Authors: Lala F , Cahyaningrum H , Hidayat Y , Aji H B , Suwitono B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to ascertain paclobutrazol’s impact on clove flowering and leaves. The study was carried out in Talaga Jaya, South Wasile, and East Halmahera between April 2019 and June 2020. On 7-year-old clove trees, the study used a randomized block design with five dosages of paclobutrazol (6 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml, 12 ml, and 14 ml) and a control (0 ml). On each tree, a 1 m2 area was examined to determine the amount of eugenol, gibberellin acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), chlorophyll, and leaf thickness and blister blight. On the other hand, primordial blossoming of cloves was noted. The findings revealed that while 8 ml of paclobutrazol could lessen blister blight, 14 ml of paclobutrazol boosted leaf thickness and chlorophyll content. Paclobutrazol extension at higher doses can boost ABA and quicken generative development. From December 2019 until June 2020, the primordial phase lasts until the blossoming phase. Except for the control plant, which demonstrated the impact of paclobutrazol on the flowering process, flowering persisted in the paclobutrazol-treated plants.
Land Suitability and Upland Rice Productivity with Integrated Crop Management in Sorong Regency
Authors: Cahyono T , Altandjung R I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With Integrated Crop Management, the study is aimed at improving the production of upland rice in West Papua (ICM). On-farm research and land surveys were used to conduct this study. We looked at the following factors: 1) the suitability of the rice field in Sorong Regency, 2) the growth and production of rice plants, and 3) the social and economic factors affecting farmers. The findings indicate that upland rice development is feasible on dry land, over an area of 317,831 ha, which is made up of three types of suitable land: very suitable land (S1), which covers an area of 61,684 ha; quite a suitable land (S2), which covers an area of 59.021 ha with land constraints in the form of nutrient retention (nr); and suitable marginal land (S3), which covers an area of 197.126 ha with constraints in the form of (eh). Dry-milled grain yields in the ICM pattern with the Situ Bagendit and Batutegi varieties were 4.48 t/ha and 4.16 t/ha, respectively, greater than those in the farmer pattern. The ICM pattern has a higher profit of IDR 5,360 compared to the farmer pattern of IDR 2,400 with a B/C value of 1.6 and 1.2.
The Trust Level of Dairy Farmers in Dairy Cooperatives in Sleman District
Authors: Satria N F W , Sulastri E , Putra A R S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When raising animals, cooperatives are a place for the welfare of dairy producers. Cooperatives run a number of programs to help their members get the most out of the resources generated by the animals they farm. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of trust dairy farmers have in the cooperatives in which they participate. A sample of 101 dairy farmers from the Sleman Regency’s Pakem and Cangkringan Subdistricts served as the basis for this study. A questionnaire tool that has undergone validity and reliability testing is used to collect the data in the form of primary data. Dairy farmers’ confidence in cooperatives was measured using PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and the results showed that trust in close friends in cooperatives is the key factor that may reduce other factors and explain 89.174% of the variance that happens.
Efficiency Analysis of Aromatic Ginger Farming (Kaempferia galangal L.) in Kudus Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Herlina Ria , Prasetyo Edy , Setiadi Agus , Gayatri Siwi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Farm efficiency were influenced by the use of inputs as well as production factors to manage a farm. The study aimed were to analyze technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of Aromatic Ginger Farming (Kaempferia galangal L.) in Kudus Regency. Survey was used in this research. The research location was chosen purposively, based on biggest production in Kudus Regency, namely Dawe District and Jekulo District. Determination of respondents was using quota sampling, with 180 respondents. Data was analysed using analysis of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency. The results illustrate that Aromatic Ginger farming was technically efficient with an average technical efficiency value of 0.9962. The production elasticity value of 0.979 means that the production scale was in a reasonable condition.