bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness and social isolation correlate with multiple modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases including dementia
Authors: Bartlett Larissa , Fair Hannah , Bindoff Aidan , Kitsos Alex , Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Roccati Eddy , Vickers James C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Loneliness and social isolation are risk factors for chronic diseases including dementia, but the pathways of influence are not yet clear.

Subject and methods
Levels of risk for nine modifiable health risk factors were calculated by applying Australian risk reduction guidelines to cohort study survey data. Serial multiple linear regression models were used to test associations by risk level, and a partial correlation network was used to map the directness of significant relationships.

Results
Regression models indicated that higher social isolation and loneliness were associated with high-risk status on seven of the nine risk factors (mean age 63 years, n = 6670). However, the network analysis suggested that the size and supportiveness of social networks directly influenced rates of physical and cognitive activity, smoking rates, and dietary adherence, while loneliness only directly influenced smoking and higher body mass index (BMI). We found evidence suggesting an indirect influence on the management of cardiometabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption.

Conclusion
The direct associations identified may present potential intervention targets, while the indirect relationships suggest that other factors are influential in the pathway linking social isolation and loneliness with chronic disease and dementia. These results can be used to inform longitudinal studies to investigate underlying mechanisms in the relationships between social isolation, loneliness, and health risk behaviors.
Farmers’ perceptions of Terminalia brownii management in agroforestry Parklands and its impact on soil physicochemical properties in the South Ari District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Handiso Mitiku Ayele , Lemma Bruk , Asfaw Zebene , Bromm Tobias , Mellisse Beyene Teklu , Glaser Bruno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Smallholder farmers in the South Ari District of southern Ethiopia retain natural forest remnants of Terminalia brownii trees in their crop fields. However, little is known about their perceptions of its management in crop fields and its impacts on soil properties. Therefore, we investigated farmers’ perceptions and the impacts of scattered Terminalia brownii trees on soil physicochemical properties. For this purpose, we collected household survey data from 80 farmers and 54 composite soil samples from four directions at three radial distances and two soil depths. A randomized complete block design was used with three independent random field replications for the treatments within factorial arrangements, including the three radial distances and two soil depths. Based on the survey data, 90% of the respondents manage scattered Terminalia brownii trees in their crop fields. Among them, 63% use pollarding, while 49% use pruning techniques to enhance the impact on crops grown beneath trees. Our results revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, plant-available potassium and phosphorus, and bulk density were significantly higher (P < 0.05) under the tree canopy. However, soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable bases depicted no significant differences between the tree canopy and open fields. Hence, retaining Terminalia brownii trees on the crop field is crucial for farmers to improve the soil physicochemical properties. However, sustained long-term studies are essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the diverse functions of Terminalia brownii and its impact on microclimate dynamics and crop productivity.
Developing an educational blueprint for surgical handover curricula: a critical review of the evidence
Authors: Simiceva Anastasija , Ryan Jessica M. , Eppich Walter , Kavanagh Dara O. , McNamara Deborah A. , Morris Marie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background Currently no guidelines exist for the development of surgical handover educational curricula. This critical review synthesises the relevant literature to identify best approaches to handover education and develop an evidence-based framework for teaching and assessing surgical handover skills. Methods The following resources were critically reviewed by two independent researchers to identify key educational components; (1) all published studies primarily utilising an educational intervention to improve surgical handover up to May 2023, (2) key international guidelines and (3) reviews of all handover interventions published within the last 10 years. Results A total of eight comparative studies, two systematic reviews, and four handover guidelines were included. Findings were reported across eight domains; including educational setting, approach, format, content, resources used, assessment, student feedback, and follow-up training. A framework for developing surgical handover curricula was also reported. Conclusion The reported educational framework or ‘blueprint’ aims to assist educators across multiple settings to develop evidence-based surgical handover curricula for undergraduate and postgraduate learners. Future studies need to achieve higher Kirkpatrick levels to demonstrate both effectiveness and sustainability of educational interventions, ensuring safer patient care.
Tattooing is Mainly Cultural: A Representative Twin Study of Tattooing Determinants
Authors: Clemmensen Signe B. , Mengel-From Jonas , Kaprio Jaakko , Harris Jennifer R. , Frederiksen Henrik , von Bornemann Hjelmborg Jacob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tattooing has become increasingly common in recent decades, yet little is known regarding factors that influence tattoo behavior. Sources of influence will be important, for instance in aiding studies of long-term health effects. From the population-based Danish Twin Tattoo Cohort established in 2021, the study included 9,173 randomly selected twins born 1920–2004. Among these were 4,790 (52%) responders to a questionnaire on tattooing and lifestyle factors. There were 55% females, 22% were monozygotic twins, and the median age was 51 years. Shared influence of tattooing over time was assessed by comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Responders were population representative on sex, age, and lifestyle factors. The cumulative incidence of being tattooed before age 25 years increased markedly from 6% (95% CI: 4–7%) for males and 0% (0–1%) for females born in 1925–1960 to 30% (25–35%) for males and 41% (37–46%) for females born in 1981–2004. Tattooing was over twice as common among ever smokers compared to never smokers born in 1981–2004 (average smoking effect at age 25 years: 36% (29–43%)). The likelihood of a twin getting tattooed if the co-twin is tattooed, was 2.0 (1.4–2.6) and 1.8 (1.5–2.2) times higher, for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively. The findings indicate that variation in the likelihood of becoming tattooed is primarily explained by shared environmental factors 65% (35–95%), and that genetic influences explained little of this variation. This study demonstrates that strong environmental exposures shared by twin siblings irrespective of degree of genetic relatedness drive the choice for getting tattooed. We conclude that tattooing is a cultural group clustering phenomenon that goes beyond genetically oriented behavioral characteristics.
Acute toxicity of the insecticide Imidacloprid and the herbicide 2,4-D in two species of tropical anurans
Authors: Triana Velásquez Teófila María , Bernal Bautista Manuel Hernando 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of pesticides has notably increased in recent years globally. However, sensitive organisms exposed to these environmental pollutants, such as amphibians, may experience adverse effects. The insecticide imidacloprid (IM) and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are two pesticides commonly used in Colombia, but their toxic impacts on tropical anurans remain poorly understood. In this study, we tested the acute toxic effects of IM and 2,4-D on the survival, total length, and burst swimming speed of tadpoles from two anuran species. Under laboratory conditions, the tadpoles of Boana platanera and Engystomops pustulosus were independently exposed to each pesticide for 96 h. We found that the tadpoles of E. pustulosus were more sensitive to both IM and 2,4-D than those of B. platanera. However, the LC50 values were higher than the reported field concentrations for these pesticides. IM led to a reduction in the total length of B. platanera tadpoles and induced total immobility in surviving individuals of both species. In contrast, the herbicide 2,4-D did not affect the total length or the swimming speed of tadpoles from the two species. In conclusion, based on the results and the reported field concentrations, IM and 2,4-D are not lethal to the studied anurans. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that IM caused strong negative sublethal effects on tadpoles, which could compromise their survival in the future. Finally, we also found that the insecticide IM showed notably greater toxicity to the tested species than did the herbicide 2,4-D.
Sustainable Approach for Synthesis of Ternary Composite Based on Zinc Metal-Organic Framework and Its Boosting Performance for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Youssry Sally M. , Elsherbiny Abeer S. , Gemaey Ali. H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and carbon materials boosts the electrochemical performance of supercapacitor (SC) electrodes. Hereby a facile and inexpensive method for synthesizing new hybrid supercapacitor electrode materials, zinc metal framework/reduced graphene oxide (Zn-MOF/rGO), zinc metal framework/polypyrrole (Zn-MOF/PPy) and zinc metal framework/polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (Zn-MOF/PPy/rGO) composites were performed. Surface and morphological properties of the four composites were conducted using different tools. The synthesized composites were then loaded onto a nickel foam (NF) substrate for supercapacitor electrochemical tests. The produced Zn-MOF/PPy/rGO nanocomposite loaded on NF electrode materials demonstrated improved electrochemical efficiency, with a high specific capacitance of 500.7 Fg− 1 at a scan rate of 3 Ag− 1. Moreover, a capacitance retention of 78.5%, and outstanding cyclic stability over 5000 cycles in the three-electrode setup with 1 M KOH electrolyte was observed. The improved electrochemical behavior of Zn-MOF/PPy/rGO nanocomposite loaded on NF electrode materials for SCs, as well as its fast and simple synthesis process, give a suitable and rapid way to synthesize other types of metal-organic frameworks nanocomposite electrodes for various energy storage devices.
Efficient synthesis of nanosized zeolite Y utilizing gradual heating: post-synthesis modification and their catalytic performance in propylene oligomerization
Authors: Manrique Cecilia , Botero Tatiana , Solano Roger , Mendoza Carlos , Echavarría-Isaza Adriana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Producing nanosized zeolites Y has been restricted to a Si/Al ratio lower than 2.0, requiring prolonged crystallization periods. This study employed temperature ramps during nucleation and crystallization to synthesize nanosized zeolites Y with a Si/Al ratio of 2.4, ranging from 47 to 100 nm, in just one day. Sequential post-synthesis desilication and dealumination treatments were used to modify the pore structure and acidity of the zeolites, leading to hierarchical zeolite formation. These modifications enhanced the structural stability and porosity of the zeolites while preserving their high crystallinity. Desilicated zeolites, unlike dealuminated ones, possessed straighter and more uniform mesoporous within their crystals, with diameters smaller than 5 nm. Additionally, successive desilication produced a greater number of intracrystalline mesoporous. The solids obtained from both processes exhibited porosity within the zeolite structure connected to the external surface, potentially improving the mass transfer limitations of the original zeolite due to the lack of mesoporous. Catalysts were prepared using modified nanozeolites for evaluation in the propylene oligomerization reaction. Catalysts based on dealuminated and desilicated nanosized zeolite Y showed high conversions above 20%, especially for dealuminated zeolites with conversions of 50%. Additionally, the catalysts demonstrated selectivity towards hydrocarbons in the C5-C7 range, suggesting better diffusion and access of propylene molecules to the active sites, favoring the formation of medium-sized hydrocarbon fractions. Conversely, the formation of longer hydrocarbon chains (C12+) was not favored, possibly due to insufficient mesoporous for larger molecule diffusion and a distribution of acid sites that encourages the union of longer hydrocarbon chains.
MTOR Promotes Astrocyte Activation and Participates in Neuropathic Pain through an Upregulation of RIP3
Authors: Dong Bingru , Li Danyang , Song Shasha , He Na , Yue Shouwei , Yin Sen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP), a chronic pain condition, is the result of abnormalities in both central and peripheral pain conduction pathways. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms associated with this effect. We found that following chronic constriction injury (CCI) surgery, there was an increase of mTOR in astrocytes and an activation of astrocytes within the spinal cord. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR reversed CCI-induced hyperalgesia and neuroinflammation. Moreover, knockdown of astrocytic mTOR rescued the downregulation of spinal glutamate metabolism-related protein expression, underscoring the pivotal role of mTOR in modulating this pathway. Intriguingly, we observed that overexpression of mTOR, achieved via intrathecal administration of TSC2-shRNA, led to an upregulation of RIP3. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of RIP3, while ineffective in modulating mTOR activation, effectively eliminated the mTOR-induced astrocyte activation. Mechanistically, we found that mTOR controlled the expression of RIP3 in astrocytes through ITCH-mediated ubiquitination and an autophagy-dependent degradation. Taken together, our results reveal an unanticipated link between mTOR and RIP3 in promoting astrocyte activation, providing new avenues of investigation directed toward the management and treatment of NP.
Evaluation of spiral-shaped photonic crystal fiber’s performance in nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Biswas Bipul , Vartiainen Erik M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A spiral-shaped photonic crystal fiber (SS-PCF) is described in this research report. Here, by using finer mesh, and finite element method (FEM), the fundamental properties of optical transmission, such as nonlinearity (
$$\:\gamma\:$$
), birefringence (Br), beat length (
$$\:{L}_{b}$$
), confinement loss (
$$\:{L}_{c}$$
), numerical aperture (NA), effective mode area (
$$\:{A}_{eff}$$
) are derived for wavelength range from 0.1
$$\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}$$
to 1.5
$$\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}.$$
Separately employed as core materials, Gallium phosphide (GaP), Graphene, and tellurite exhibit greater performance than that of earlier works. Graphene provides the extremely high nonlinearity of 6.13 ×
$$\:{10}^{12}$$
W− 1km− 1, GaP of 3.70 ×
$$\:{10}^{6}$$
W− 1km− 1 and tellurite of 3.28 ×
$$\:{10}^{5}$$
W− 1km− 1 at 0.1
$$\:\:{\upmu\:}\text{m}$$
. To the best of our knowledge, an SS-PCF is the first to test the performance of numerous ceramic objects in optical nonlinear applications. In actuality, the structure’s evanescent fields aid in the modeling process and display a performance profile with an ultra-high Br of 0.33, an exceptionally high NA of 0.86, and an extremely low
$$\:{L}_{c}$$
of 1.0 ×
$$\:{10}^{-5}$$
dBm− 1. All these results might be crucial in biological imaging, sensing, supercontinuum applications, polarization maintenance, optical parameter amplification, and additional nonlinear applications.
Forest Trade on the Amazon Frontier and Its Interaction with the EUDR
Authors: Trevizan Ana Flávia , Leal Alan Marques Miranda , Valle Victor Esteves Najjar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article analyzes how the European Union’s Deforestation-Free Products Regulation (EUDR) could affect the production of forest goods in Mato Grosso (MT), a Brazilian state whose economy depends on commodity exports. The text is divided into five topics: the first discusses the context of forestry products in the Brazilian state; the second analyzes the trade in forestry goods in the EU, its regulation, and the prospects for its application in MT; the third offers a conceptualization of the Brussels Effect and its manifestation in Brazil; the forth one presents the results of field research with actors in the forestry sector in the state, exploring their perceptions about the EU Brussels Effect; and the last one analzyes which Mato Grosso’s municipalities are more exposed to the EUDR in their timber exports. The results obtained through semi-structured interviews highlight the diversity of knowledge of the different groups interviewed about European regulations in the country’s timber forestry industry. State authorities show a clear awareness of the influence of EU regulations, mainly concerning local public policies and international pressure on deforested areas in the Amazon. Stakeholder perceptions reveal a complex intersection between environmental, economic, and social concerns, highlighting the importance of constructive dialogue between different actors to mitigate conflicts and promote sustainable practices in the forestry sector, in line with global and local conservation demands for environmental and sustainability. Additionally, more than 80 Mato Grosso municipalities will be directly impacted by the EUDR, given their export profiles.
Associations between Sexual Harassment Victimization and Mental Health Outcomes – Does It Matter How We Measure Mental Health?
Authors: Svensson Åsa , Dahlqvist Heléne , Gillander Gådin Katja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Poor mental health in adolescent boys and girls has been linked to both in-person and online sexual harassment (SH), but studies have typically analyzed the association using a single measure. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of SH victimization using different measures and cut-off values for mental ill health among adolescents. The study used a cross-sectional design with data collected by a web-based questionnaire in 2012. Participants were 1,026 students in grades 7–9 in nine public and one independent school in Sweden. Data were analyzed with logistic regression models for the total sample and separately for girls and boys. In the total sample, all forms of victimization were significantly positively associated with all dependent variables of mental ill health irrespective of the cut-off values used. ORs ranged from 1.54 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.08) for low quality of life using a cut-off value of < 7 and SH victimization, to 5.12 [95% CI: 3.52, 7.46] for self-harm and SH and online unwanted sexual solicitation (USS) combined. Statistically significant associations were also found in the analyses stratified by gender, with a few exceptions. There were no consistent patterns in the differences between girls and boys. The results imply that questions about SH should be included in adolescent mental health research and can inform the choice of measures used to assess mental ill health. The consistent associations shown for SH victimization and mental ill health should be of interest for policy makers for adolescent health promotion.
Multiple cutaneous nerve sheath tumours with myxoid differentiation in farmed Russian sturgeons (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeburg 1833)
Authors: Mandrioli Luciana , Brocca Ginevra , Zamparo Samuele , Orioles Massimo , Morini Maria , Cortinovis Luana , Fiocchi Eleonora , Anjomanibenisi Maral , Toffan Anna , Pretto Tobia , Verin Ranieri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sturgeon species are well-suited for aquaculture because of their favourable characteristics, including robustness, suitability for farming in facilities unsuitable for other fish species, and adaptability to diverse farming conditions. The Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeburg 1833) is one of the most prominent farmed species; however, like other aquaculture species, it is susceptible to significant losses from bacterial and viral diseases. Beyond infectious causes, there are few reports documenting conditions that produce cutaneous masses in Russian sturgeons. This study presents a multidisciplinary investigation of six farmed Russian sturgeons exhibiting discrete, multiple cutaneous masses. Bacteriological analysis of tissue samples revealed the presence of Morganella morganii and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, identified as opportunistic bacteria. Virological assays targeting the principal viruses affecting sturgeon, Acipenser iridovirus and Acipenser herpesvirus, yielded negative results. Ultrastructural analysis with direct negative staining revealed no evidence of biological agents. Histologically, the dermal masses were well-demarcated, expansile, and moderately cellular, consisting of spindle-to-stellate neoplastic cells that were multifocally periodic acid–Schiff-positive and embedded in abundant alcianophilic ground substance. Immunohistochemistry with the S-100 antibody confirmed cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells. A final diagnosis of cutaneous nerve sheath tumour with myxoid differentiation was made, replicating findings from a similar tumour in rainbow trout. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of multiple cutaneous nerve sheath tumours in sturgeon species. The potential factors contributing to the development of this neoplastic condition are discussed.