bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of specialist and generalist species within mixed plastic derivative-utilizing microbial communities
Authors: Schaerer Laura , Putman Lindsay , Bigcraft Isaac , Byrne Emma , Kulas Daniel , Zolghadr Ali , Aloba Sulihat , Ong Rebecca , Shonnard David , Techtmann Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Plastic-degrading microbial isolates offer great potential to degrade, transform, and upcycle plastic waste. Tandem chemical and biological processing of plastic wastes has been shown to substantially increase the rates of plastic degradation; however, the focus of this work has been almost entirely on microbial isolates (either bioengineered or naturally occurring). We propose that a microbial community has even greater potential for plastic upcycling. A microbial community has greater metabolic diversity to process mixed plastic waste streams and has built-in functional redundancy for optimal resilience.

Results
Here, we used two plastic-derivative degrading communities as a model system to investigate the roles of specialist and generalist species within the microbial communities. These communities were grown on five plastic-derived substrates: pyrolysis treated high-density polyethylene, chemically deconstructed polyethylene terephthalate, disodium terephthalate, terephthalamide, and ethylene glycol. Short-read metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing were performed to evaluate activity of microorganisms in each treatment. Long-read metagenomic sequencing was performed to obtain high-quality metagenome assembled genomes and evaluate division of labor.

Conclusions
Data presented here show that the communities are primarily dominated by Rhodococcus generalists and lower abundance specialists for each of the plastic-derived substrates investigated here, supporting previous research that generalist species dominate batch culture. Additionally, division of labor may be present between Hydrogenophaga terephthalate degrading specialists and lower abundance protocatechuate degrading specialists﻿.
Young people’s happiness in the context of negative life events and coping strategies: a latent profile and latent class analysis
Authors: Polatcı Sema , Antalyalı Ömer Lütfi , Alparslan Ali Murat , Yastıoğlu Seher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractYoung people have to cope with many negative life events and stress factors to maintain their happiness. Although there are studies on how they benefit from different coping strategies and their results, there is no study that profiles/groups young people according to negative life events and coping styles. From this point of view, the study aims to determine different life events classes and stress coping profiles in young people, and to examine the differences in happiness among the new groups created according to the discovered classes and profiles. Participants consisted of 1093 young people (M = 21.08) from different state universities in Turkey. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted, resulting in a 3 profile solution characterizing coping strategies: Positive-oriented (26.8%), slightly positive-oriented (50%), and negative-oriented (23.2%) coping strategy profiles. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted, resulting in a 2 class solution characterizing negative life events: More negative (40.1%) and less negative (59.9%) life events classes. For the purpose of the study, the profiles created with the latent profile analysis and the latent class analysis were considered together and the participants were divided into 6 groups. These groups differed significantly in terms of happiness. The group with the highest level of happiness is the group with positive-oriented coping strategies and less negative life conditions (μ = 4.35, p < .001), and the group with the lowest level of happiness is the group with negative-oriented coping strategies and more negative life conditions (μ = 3.48, p < .001). However, the findings indicated that a positive-oriented coping strategy profile (the profile that scored high on positive coping strategies and low on negative coping strategies) offers the most promising route to happiness whether experienced negative life events are less or more.
Behaviour of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a hydropower regulated freshwater system
Authors: Dahlmo Lotte S. , Velle Gaute , Nilsen Cecilie I. , Pulg Ulrich , Lennox Robert J. , Vollset Knut W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany Norwegian rivers and lakes are regulated for hydropower, which affects freshwater ecosystems and anadromous fish species, such as sea trout (Salmo trutta). Lakes are an important feature of many anadromous river systems. However, there is limited knowledge on the importance of lakes as habitat for sea trout and how hydropower affects the behaviour of sea trout in lakes. To investigate this, we conducted an acoustic telemetry study. A total of 31 adult sea trout (532 ± 93 mm total length) were captured by angling in river Aurlandselva, Norway, and tagged between July 20 and August 12, 2021. The tags were instrumented with accelerometer, temperature, and depth sensors, which provided information on the sea trout’s presence and behaviour in lake Vassbygdevatnet. Our results indicate that there was a large prevalence of sea trout in the lake during the spawning migration, and that the sea trout were less active in the lake compared to the riverine habitats. An increase in activity of sea trout in the lake during autumn might indicate that sea trout spawn in the lake. However, the discharge from the high-head storage plant into the lake did not affect the depth use or activity of sea trout in the lake. Furthermore, the large prevalence of spawners in the lake during autumn will likely cause an underestimation of the size of the sea trout population in rivers with lakes during annual stock assessment. In conclusion, our results could not find evidence of a large impact of the discharge on the behaviour of sea trout in the lake.
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments for Myanmar and its metropolitan areas
Authors: Yang Huan-Bin , Chang Yuan-Kai , Liu Wei , Sung Guan-Yi , Gao Jia-Cian , Thant Myo , Maung Maung Phyo , Chan Chung-Han 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough Myanmar is an earthquake-prone country, there has not been proposed an official national seismic hazard map. Thus, this study conducted a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Myanmar and some of its metropolitan areas. Performing this assessment required a set of databases that incorporates both earthquake catalogs and fault parameters. We obtained seismic parameters from the International Seismological Centre, and the fault database includes fault parameters from paper reviews and the database. Based on seismic activities, we considered three categories of seismogenic sources—active fault source, shallow area source, and subduction zone source. We evaluated seismic activity of each source based on the earthquake catalogs and fault parameters. Evaluating the ground-shaking behaviors for Myanmar requires evaluation of ground-shaking attenuation; therefore, we validated existing ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) by comparing instrumental observations and felt intensities for recent earthquakes. We then incorporated the best fitting GMPEs into our seismic hazard assessments. By incorporating theVs30(the average shear velocity down to 30 m depth) map from an analysis of topographic slope, we utilized site effect and assessed national probabilistic seismic hazards for Myanmar. The assessment shows highest seismic hazard levels near those faults with high slip rates, including the Sagaing Fault and along the Western Coast of Myanmar. We also assessed seismic hazard for some metropolitan cities, including Bagan, Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taungoo and Yangon, in the forms of hazard curves and disaggregation by implementing detailedVs30maps from micro-tremor surveys. The city-scale assessments show higher hazards for sites close to an active fault or/and with a lowVs30, demonstrating the importance of investigating site conditions. The outcomes of this study will be beneficial to urban planning on a city scale and building code legislation on a national scale.
Risk Factors for Concussion in Under 18, Under 22 and Professional Men's Rugby Union: A Video Analysis of 14,809 Tackles
Authors: Kawasaki Takayuki , Kawakami Yuta , Nojiri Shuko , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Kuroki Manabu , Sobue Shogo , Shibuya Kenta , Takazawa Yuji , Ishijima Muneaki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to identify the risk factors for tackle-related concussion observed in matches involving under (U) 18, U 22 and professional men’s Rugby Union players through video analysis.

Study Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods
Twenty Rugby Union matches each for high school (U18), university/college (U22) and professional (Elite) were randomly selected from 202 matches in the 2018/2019 season. Both one-on-one and tackles involving multiple tacklers were analyzed for the 60 matches. The 28 categorical and continuous variables (e.g., tackle characteristics and duration before the tackle) were applied as risk factors to a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis. To identify high-risk situations, a simulation model with coefficients obtained from the Lasso regression was used. Statistical analysis was conducted according to tackle direction.

Results
A total of 14,809 tackles and 41 concussions involving 1800 players were included in the analyses. The incidence rate of concussions (injuries/1000 tackles) was greater in Elite players (4.0) compared with U18 (1.9) and U22 (2.4) players. The factors most highly associated with concussions were head-in-front tackles (where the tackler’s head is placed forward, impeding a ball carrier’s forward movements, 11.26/1000 tackles), and were more often observed among U18 players. A simulation model predicted that the highest risk tackle situation in Elite players was a head-in-front, side-on tackle below the hip of the ball carrier (predicted incidence rate 18.07/1000 tackles).

Conclusion
The risk factors associated with concussion need to be assessed cautiously. Avoiding head-in-front, side-on tackles to the lower extremities of a ball carrier should be considered to reduce injury risks.
A prototype variable corresponding to the proportion of ischemia for the comparison between robotic and open partial nephrectomy: a meta-analysis accompanied by sensitivity analysis
Authors: Artsitas Sotirios , Artsitas Dimitrios , Koronaki Irene , Toutouzas Konstantinos G. , Zografos George C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The primary objective of this study involves the formulation of a novel variable, derived from initial data related to ischemia duration and operative time in partial nephrectomies. The aim was to determine the proportion of ischemia for the comparison between robotic and open approaches in terms of their relative ischemic requirements.

Main body
The literature search was conducted from August 2022 to June 2023, primarily encompassing non-randomized comparative studies in the English language. Ultimately, a total of 62 studies involving data from 26,072 patients were included. Following appropriate transformation of the original data under the assumption of normal distribution, the proportion of ischemia (I) was formulated for each study and comparison arm, using estimator functions. Subsequent analysis of the generated data was performed for both the original variables and the I outcome. Statistical significance was only observed regarding the surgical duration, with a mean difference of 19.74 min (CI95% = [11.56; 27.92]) in favor of robotic access. The mean difference in I was estimated on the entire dataset as well as carefully selected subgroups based on publication year, patient matching, the number of referral centers, and risk of bias class. Additionally, meta-regression analysis and four-level sensitivity analysis were conducted. In none of these investigations did statistically significant differences emerge between the two surgical approaches. These findings lead us to hypothesize that the proportion of ischemia in partial nephrectomies may represent an inherent characteristic of the procedure, typically manifesting as baseline ischemia (12–13% of operative time), with fluctuations depending on the chosen strategy or the complexity of the specific intervention.

Short conclusion
There is no difference in the proportion of ischemia between robotic and open partial nephrectomies. In overall, ischemia time appears to be primarily determined by the overall duration of the procedure and the effectiveness in achieving adequate hemostasis.
Improving prestack time migration by introducing a new velocity-related parameter: Parameter picking and 3D real data application
Authors: Xu Jincheng , Zhang Jianfeng 
Published: October 2023

Prestack time migration (PSTM), a commonly used tool for seismic imaging, has been widely applied in 3D seismic data processing. However, the conventional PSTM algorithms use only one effective velocity parameter (i.e., root-mean-square [rms] velocity) for each imaging point, which may not be accurate when stronger lateral variations occur in seismic velocities. In this paper, we introduce a new parameter called the velocity variation factor that considers velocity variations in inhomogeneous media to improve PSTM. This new parameter, together with the rms velocity, describes the propagation Green’s function at an imaging point with two effective parameters rather than one effective parameter as in conventional PSTMs. This provides a more accurate traveltime calculation for the wave propagating through media with moderate lateral velocity variation. Unlike the conventional bending-ray PSTM, the additional effective parameter is fully independent of the rms velocities. We estimate the two effective parameters at each imaging point by flattening the neighboring image gathers with a global optimization algorithm. The objective function is built at each imaging point using a selective crosscorrelation-based time shift, which can quantitatively describe the slight bending of events in the local migrated gathers regardless of the quality of the gathers. We estimate the two effective parameters using the very fast simulated annealing algorithm and multiscale approach, thus avoiding the local minimum caused by the noises in the migrated gathers. We apply our two-parameter PSTM to a real 3D land data set to demonstrate its industrial applicability. A comparison of the new imaging result with the conventional prestack depth migration also is presented.
Characteristics of Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue, Metabolic Health and the Gut Microbiome in Adults
Authors: U-Din Mueez , Ahmed Basma A , Syed Saad A , Ong Frank J , Oreskovich Stephan M , Gunn Elizabeth , Surette Michael G , Punthakee Zubin , Steinberg Gregory R , Morrison Katherine M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContextCompared with the relatively benign effects of increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is a causal risk factor for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In rodents, increased VAT volume and triglyceride density and ectopic lipid accumulation in kidneys and liver have been induced by alterations in the gut microbiome. However, few studies have characterized these relationships in humans.ObjectiveTo evaluate the tissue triglyceride content of VAT and SAT, liver, kidneys, and pancreas in male and female adults and assess associations with markers of glucose tolerance, serum insulin, and lipids and characteristics of the gut microbiome.MethodsCross-sectional observational study of healthy human adults (n = 60) at a clinical research center. Body mass index (BMI), body composition, and oral glucose tolerance were assessed. Microbiome analysis was conducted on stool samples using 16S rRNA v3 amplicon sequencing. The triglyceride content of VAT, SAT, liver, kidney and pancreas were determined by assessing proton density fat fraction (PDFF) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsHigher VAT PDFF and the ratio of VAT to SAT PDFF were related to higher BMI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, non-high–density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. A higher VAT PDFF and VAT to SAT PDFF ratio were associated with lower alpha diversity and altered beta diversity of the gut microbiome. Differences in VAT were associated with higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, lower relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and enrichment of the bacterial genera Dorea, Streptococcus, and Solobacterium.ConclusionVAT PDFF measured with MRI is related to impaired glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and differences in the gut microbiome, independently of the total body fat percentage.
Improve the quality of service through secure routing networks secured in the mail
Authors: Nadhum Kadhum Aseil 
Published: October 2023

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a stand-alone system with mobile nodes. Nodes can move around at will. Communication is subject to security breaches without a centralized, secure infrastructure, and the nodes are the biggest offenders. Since security has become one of the most important issues for data transfer via wired and wireless networks, many security-enhanced solutions have been created to enhance the security of data transmission over public networks. The goal of this project is to make routing safer. Proactive routing, as is well known, involves finding alternative routes and requiring packets to choose one at random from their immediate neighbors. Sending hello packets allows us to maintain track of each node's neighbors. The delivery path is then selected from nearby nodes, with the prior hop which is retained as the history node having been arbitrarily excluded. To randomize delivery channels, the proactive routing protocols DSDV and RDSDV were contrasted for various node counts. The Simulation employs this project. The rapid development of mobile computing appli-cations and distant systems has raised awareness of quality of service (QoS) for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In the MANET sce-nario, security is a key component of Qos provisioning. Attacks on the system could result in problems with direction, asset reservations, or even the collapse of the QoS structure if no security tool is used. In this study, two new plans will be provided from the perspectives of two alternative techniques to manage the updating of the organizational idea and allay the worries caused by interface annoyances in order to handle the security challenges of MANET Qos and the actual commitments of this investigation.
Influence of Banditry on Agricultural Activities and Livelihood of Farmers in Bassa Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Onwunali M. R. O. , Oparandudu G. O. , Ajiji V. I. 
Published: October 2023

The study investigated the effect of banditry on agricultural activities in Bassa Local Government Area, Plateau State using, 120 farmers in Jere and Buhit Districts. Five villages were randomly and purposefully selected based on bandit operations. Closed structured questionnaire was used to determine socioeconomic characteristics, types, ways and effects of operations on farmers, and farmers escape strategies. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and mathematical technique (confrontation index) while mean bench mark of 3.0 determined significant level. Results showed that, 59.17 % male, married (56.67%) and within the ages 35 to 44 (29.16%) years dominated farming activites. The farmers had primary education (37.50%) with 11-15 (26.67%) years of farming experiences on 1 acre to 2 hectares, using average household size of 4-6 persons. Fulani herdsmen (4.6%) and Boko Haram (4.38%) were prominent, mostly through kidnapping (4.66%), rampant killing of farmers (4.37) and cattle rustling (4.28). Consequently, high food insecurity (4.56%), loss of people’s jobs, conflicts, life dependency on provider and inflation were imperative. However, farmers organized vigilante group (4.56%) and engaged security guards to protect farms, homes and villages with local weapons and charms. Results also showed that migration for safety village and branding of livestock for identification against theft were among the strategies adopted to survive. It is therefore suggested that, farmers in the interim should intensify effort towards acquiring sophisticated weapons for vigilante and security guards while government at all levels and other stockholders work out permanent solution to end banditry in Bassa for sustainable livelihood.
The Paradox of Leadership Coaching in a VUCA World
Authors: Forbes Raymond L. 
Published: October 2023

What does it feel like to be living right in the middle of a major paradox? Disorienting? Confusing? Unbalancing? One of the definitions of a Paradox is a situation, person, or thing that combines contradictory features or qualities. For many organizational leaders today dealing with paradox has become a recurrent feature of executive life. The contradictory features may arise in the form of a choice between apparently diametrically opposed alternatives. In fact, in the worst case, the best available options might all be equally undesirable. This uncertainty over paradox seems to be reflective of the many quandaries confronted by leaders in the current era. Paradox often takes the form of how to best deal with the outwardly apparent oppositional answers to challenging organizational issues. Among these paradoxical questions are: How can leaders not only survive in tumultuous times but also thrive well into the future? And, what can leadership coaches, who work with these perplexed leaders, do to help them better understand and handle all the ambiguity and confusion that surrounds them on a daily basis? This paper will address these questions as well as offering a perspective for understanding the complex leadership quandary that many leaders now find themselves in. Additionally, positive recommendations will be provided for dealing with this difficult and challenging dilemma. Beginning with a discussion of the new term VUCA, the paper will discuss its origins and what leaders and coaches need to know about it. Next, the work will look at the threats and opportunities VUCA poses. This will be followed by sections on how VUCA might affect the leader-coach relationship and special considerations for coaches. The paper will conclude with specific guidance for coaches and a wrap-up summary.