bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hamas movement: origins, activities and development in 1990-2010.
Authors: Fetisov Andrei Vladimirovich 
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the analysis of the fundamental principles and ideological foundations of Hamas, a radical Islamist and Sunni Palestinian movement. The key feature of the organization is the rejection of the existence of Israel as a State and the desire for total control over the Palestinian territories through jihad. These attitudes are deeply rooted in the Islamic doctrine of the movement. The work explores the origins of the organization's formation, basic documents and principles of functioning. Special attention is paid to the study of the decision-making mechanisms of the Hamas leadership and the motivating factors of their actions. The article also provides an overview of various points of view on the ideology and activities of Hamas. At the same time, it is noted that, despite the ambiguous assessments of the organization's methods, the international community as a whole recognizes the legitimacy of the Palestinian demands. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: empirical – analysis of documents (to analyze the Hamas Charter), general scientific – comparative analysis (to establish the differences between the Islamic Resistance Movement and the Palestine Liberation Organization, and, especially, differences in the attitude of these organizations to reconciliation with Israel), logical methods – to formulate the conclusions of the study. The article provides an overview of various points of view on the ideology and activities of Hamas. At the same time, it is noted that, despite the ambiguous assessments of the organization's methods, the international community as a whole recognizes the legitimacy of the Palestinian demands. The radicalization of the Palestinian Hamas movement, which initially emerged as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood, led to the transformation of the organization from a peaceful religious structure with a social orientation into a militant quasi-state. It is noteworthy that, despite its Sunni roots, Hamas receives funding from Shiite Iran. Current trends towards normalization of relations between Israel and the Sunni Arab States have become a catalyst for Hamas to unleash a full-scale conflict. The organization, which has consistently thwarted all attempts at peaceful dialogue between the Palestinians and Israelis, has moved to an active phase of the struggle for the liberation of Palestine, using the current geopolitical window of opportunity. The dominant processes for Hamas in the Arab Sunni environment (the prospects for Arab-Israeli and Sunni-Israeli mutual understanding in the modern historical window of opportunity) pushed the organization to a full-scale war with Israel for the liberation of Palestine.
Short‐chain fatty acid producers in the gut are associated with pediatric multiple sclerosis onset
Authors: Schoeps Vinicius A. , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Horton Mary K. , Zhu Feng , McCauley Kathryn E. , Nasr Zahra , Virupakshaiah Akash , Gorman Mark P. , Benson Leslie A. , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Waldman Amy , Banwell Brenda L. , Bar‐Or Amit , Marrie Ruth Ann , van Domselaar Gary , O'Mahony Julia , Mirza Ali I. , Bernstein Charles N. , Yeh E. Ann , Casper T. Charles , Lynch Susan V. , Tremlett Helen , Baranzini Sergio , Waubant Emmanuelle ,   the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between multiple sclerosis and the gut microbiome has been supported by animal models in which commensal microbes are required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, observational study findings in humans have only occasionally converged when comparing multiple sclerosis cases and controls which may in part reflect confounding by comorbidities and disease duration. The study of microbiome in pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis offers unique opportunities as it is closer to biological disease onset and minimizes confounding by comorbidities and environmental exposures.MethodsA multicenter case–control study in which 35 pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis cases were 1:1 matched to healthy controls on age, sex, self‐reported race, ethnicity, and recruiting site. Linear mixed effects models, weighted correlation network analyses, and PICRUSt2 were used to identify microbial co‐occurrence networks and for predicting functional abundances based on marker gene sequences.ResultsTwo microbial co‐occurrence networks (one reaching significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons;q < 0.2) were identified, suggesting interdependent bacterial taxa that exhibited association with disease status. Both networks indicated a potentially protective effect of higher relative abundance of bacteria observed in these clusters. Functional predictions from the significant network suggested a contribution of short‐chain fatty acid producers through anaerobic fermentation pathways in healthy controls. Consistent family‐level findings from an independent Canadian‐US study (19 case/control pairs) includedRuminococaccaeaeandLachnospiraceae(p < 0.05). Macronutrient intake was not significantly different between cases and controls, minimizing the potential for dietary confounding.InterpretationOur results suggest that short‐chain fatty acid producers may be important contributors to multiple sclerosis onset.
Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing NF‐κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Wu Yu , Cheng Zhong , Hu Wenhui , Tang Shanwen , Zhou Xue , Dong Shiwu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteoclasts overactivity plays a critical role in the progress of inflammatory bone loss. In addition, ROS can facilitate the formation and function of osteoclasts. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with ROS scavenging activity are potential candidates for inflammatory bone loss. In this regard, the biosynthetic Ag NPs with low toxicity and high stability by using Flos Sophorae Immaturus extract as the reducing and capping agents are reported. The inflammatory bone loss model is established by injecting LPS. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot are utilized to determine the expression level of target biomarkers related to osteoclast formation. Ag NPs can significantly reduce the number of TRAP‐positive (TRAP+) cells. In addition, Ag NPs down‐regulate the expression of biomarkers relevant to osteoclast formation. Interestingly, Ag NPs can effectively suppress osteoclast formation via down‐regulating ROS‐mediated phosphorylation of NF‐κB pathways. The in vivo study shows that Ag NPs can ameliorate bone density and decrease osteoclast number. Due to these benefits, the constructed Ag NPs can delay the progression of inflammatory bone loss. These findings suggest that Ag NPs are a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
Liquid Metal Microdroplet‐Initiated Ultra‐Fast Polymerization of a Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogel Composite
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Liao Jiahe , Liu Zemin , Zhang Rongjing , Sitti Metin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent advances in composite hydrogels achieve material enhancement or specialized stimuli‐responsive functionalities by pairing with a functional filler. Liquid metals (LM) offer a unique combination of chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties that show great potential in hydrogel composites. Polymerization of hydrogels with LM microdroplets as initiators is a particularly interesting phenomenon that remains in its early stage of development. In this work, an LM‐hydrogel composite is introduced, in which LM microdroplets dispersed inside the hydrogel matrix have dual functions as a polymerization initiator for a polyacrylic acid‐poly vinyl alcohol (PAA/PVA) network and, once polymerized, as passive inclusion to influence its material and stimuli‐responsive characteristics. It is demonstrated that LM microdroplets enable ultra‐fast polymerization in ≈1 min, compared to several hours by conventional polymerization techniques. The results show several mechanical enhancements to the PAA/PVA hydrogels with LM‐initiated polymerization. It is found that LM ratios strongly influence stimuli‐responsive behaviors in the hydrogels, including swelling and ionic bending, where higher LM ratios are found to enhance ionic actuation performance. The dual roles of LM in this composite are analyzed using the experimental characterization results. These LM‐hydrogel composites, which are biocompatible, open up new opportunities in future soft robotics and biomedical applications.
Large‐Scale Production of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chakraborty Debanjan , Yurdusen Aysu , Mouchaham Georges , Nouar Farid , Serre Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) show captivating performances in many large‐scale applications including gas adsorption and separation, heat reallocation, water production, or remediation which can overcome important drawbacks of the conventionally used porous materials in the industry. This raises, therefore, the commercial interest in MOFs which brings the necessity to decrease the cost of their production, calling for the synthesis optimization from small‐scale to large‐scale. However, the commercial availability, yet very limited, is highly dependent on their production cost. Thus, to promote the commercial development and availability of MOFs, many steps can be taken. In this work, the state‐of‐art of the large‐scale production of MOFs can be first outlined, before discussing the criteria of greener MOF synthesis processes. Besides, a critical evaluation of the available synthesis routes for large‐scale production can be given, taking into consideration their cost, environmental impact, safety, and feasibility. Moreover, since there are strong limitations to the use in the powder form, the shaping procedures can thus be discussed briefly to outline the prospects of MOFs for different industrial applications. Finally, yet importantly, the perspective for MOFs commercialization can be highlighted with an emphasis on the necessity of techno‐economic analyses and life‐cycle assessments.
Parallel Density‐Based Spatial Clustering with Dual‐Functional Memristive Crossbar Array
Authors: Cheong Sunwoo , Shin Dong Hoon , Lee Soo Hyung , Jang Yoon Ho , Park Taegyun , Han Janguk , Shim Sung Keun , Kim Yeong Rok , Han Joon‐Kyu , Ghenzi Néstor , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnalog and digital switching performances in a Ta/HfO2/RuO2(THR) memristor are studied to implement a density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm in a low‐power, parallel‐computing memristor crossbar structure. In the analog mode THR memristor, more than 256 states can be stored through a fine‐tuning process with a denoising scheme. The analog mode crossbar array facilitates Euclidean distance calculation between any points in the given graphic dataset. In the digital mode, the on/off ratio of more than three orders of magnitude between the binary states is achieved, providing functionality to cluster the data points with a reduced number of operations. The parallel computing capacity of the adopted crossbar decreases the time complexity of the original DBSCAN from O(n2) to O(n). Through array‐level simulations, the effectiveness of hardware functionality is validated using representative synthetic datasets and single‐cell RNA sequences datasets.
A Double‐Charged Organic Molecule Additive to Customize Electric Double Layer for Super‐Stable and Deep‐Rechargeable Zn Metal Pouch Batteries
Authors: Hu Nan , Lv Wensong , Chen Wenjian , Tang Huan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Qin Hongyu , Huang Dan , Zhu Jinliang , Chen Zhengjun , Xu Jing , He Huibing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) is highly dependent on the electric double layer (EDL) properties at Zn electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, a novel reconfigured EDL is constructed via a double‐charged theanine (TN) additive for super‐stable and deep‐rechargeable AZMBs. Experiments and theoretical computations unravel that the positively charged TN not only serves as preferential anchor to form a water‐poor Helmholtz plane onto the Zn anode, but also its anionic end could coordinate with Zn2+ to tailor the solvation structure in the diffusion layer and further reconstruct the inner H‐bonds networks, thus effectively guiding uniform Zn deposition and suppressing the water‐induced side reactions. Consequently, the Zn//Zn cells acquire outstanding cycling stabilities of nearly 800 h at a high depth of discharge of 80%. Moreover, the Zn//VOX full cells deliver substantial capacity retention (94.12% after 1400 cycles at 2 A g−1) under practical conditions. Importantly, the designed 2.7 Ah Zn//VOX pouch cell harvests a recorded energy density of 42.3 Wh Kgcell−1 and 79.5 Wh Lcell–1, with a remarkable capacity retention of 85.93% after 220 cycles at 50 mA g−1. This innovative design concept to reshape the EDL chemistry would inject fresh vitality into developing advanced AZMBs and beyond.
Biosyncretic Robots Actuated by Living Materials
Authors: Yang Lianchao , Zhang Chuang , Wang Ruiqian , Qin Hengshen , Zhang Yiwei , Tan Wenjun , Yang Jia , Wang Feifei , Liu Lianqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, biosyncretic robots, a novel type of robot that integrates living and artificial materials, have gained significant attention. Biosyncretic robots are expected to leverage the advantages provided by living materials and offer a new approach to address the challenges faced by traditional robots, such as biocompatibility, intrinsic safety, and miniaturization. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the current state of development of biosyncretic robots. First, the existing research on biosyncretic robots based on commonly used living materials is systematically categorized and introduced, including cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells, insect dorsal vascular tissue, and microorganisms. Subsequently, their potential in the fields of in vivo medical diagnosis and treatment, organ‐on‐a‐chip, tissue engineering, environmental monitoring, and postdisaster rescue in detail is also discussed. Finally, the current challenges faced by biosyncretic robotic research, including establishing theoretical models, fabrication, cultivation, and maintenance of living materials, controllability, versatility, artificial material, and entering the human body or leaving the laboratory, are examined. This review summarizes the cutting‐edge progress of biosyncretic robots and provides insights into their future development.
Domino Reactions with Dicyanoalkenes and Fluorinated Conjugated Sulfinyl Imines. A Convenient Strategy for the Generation of Structural Diversity
Authors: Gaviña Daniel , Escolano Marcos , Sotorríos Lía , Gómez‐Bengoa Enrique , López‐Ortiz Fernando , Sánchez‐Roselló María , del Pozo Carlos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDicyanoalkenes are versatile reagents in organic synthesis and they have been extensively used in a wide variety of organic transformations. However, their reactivity towards fluorinated imines remained almost unnoticed. The divergent reactivity of fluorinated conjugated sulfinyl imines with dicyanoalkenes is described herein. On the one hand, when tert‐butyl sulfinyl imines were employed, a cycloaromatization cascade process took place preferentially, rendering valuable trifluoromethyl arenes. On the other hand, the reaction with p‐tolyl sulfinyl imines mainly led to a complex tetracyclic skeleton, involving an azetidinimine rearrangement of a reaction intermediate. Finally, when 1‐indanone‐derived dicyanoalkenes were employed, the aromatization process was interrupted, rendering a new family of diene derivatives. Theoretical calculations were performed in order to shed light on the mechanistic outcome of this transformation.
Discovery of a Robust P‐Type Ultrawide Bandgap Oxide Semiconductor: LiGa5O8
Authors: Zhang Kaitian , Vangipuram Vijay Gopal Thirupakuzi , Huang Hsien‐Lien , Hwang Jinwoo , Zhao Hongping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLiGa5O8, an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor, is discovered to exhibit p‐type conductivity at room temperature, making it the widest bandgap p‐type oxide semiconductor known to date. Utilizing a mist–chemical vapor deposition (M–CVD) technique, successful growth of p‐type LiGa5O8 thin films on c‐plane sapphire and GaN‐on‐sapphire substrates is achieved. Characterization through X‐ray diffraction and cross‐sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) confirms the spinel cubic crystal structure of LiGa5O8. Comprehensive investigations into the effects of growth conditions on surface morphology, material composition, and p‐type charge carrier transport are conducted. As‐grown LiGa5O8 thin films exhibit a broad range of hole concentrations, ranging from 1015 cm−3 to 1018 cm−3, depending on growth conditions. Elemental compositions of Li, Ga, and O are extracted using X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Both Li‐poor and Li‐rich LiGa5O8 films demonstrate p‐type conductivity. Optical absorption measurements reveal the bandgap of LiGa5O8 films to be ≈5.36 eV. Additionally, temperature‐dependent Hall measurements of the p‐type LiGa5O8 thin films show robust p‐conductivity down to 150 K. Results from this study promise the advancement of future power electronics based on ultrawide bandgap Ga2O3 and related semiconductor material systems.
Graphene‐Based Sulfur Cathodes and Dual Salt‐Based Sparingly Solvating Electrolytes: A Perfect Marriage for High Performing, Safe, and Long Cycle Life Lithium‐Sulfur Prototype Batteries
Authors: Castillo Julen , Soria‐Fernández Asier , Rodriguez‐Peña Sergio , Rikarte Jokin , Robles‐Fernández Adrián , Aldalur Itziar , Cid Rosalía , González‐Marcos Jose Antonio , Carrasco Javier , Armand Michel , Santiago Alexander , Carriazo Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe growing requirements for electrified applications entail exploring alternative battery systems. Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) have emerged as a promising, cost‐effective, and sustainable solution; however, their practical commercialization is impeded by several intrinsic challenges. With the aim of surpassing these challenges, the implementation of a holistic LSB concept is proposed. To this end, the effectiveness of coupling a high‐performing 2D graphene‐based sulfur cathode with a well‐suited sparingly solvating electrolyte (SSE) is reported. The incorporation of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt to tune sulfolane and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropylether based SSE enables the formation of a robust and compact lithium fluoride‐rich solid electrolyte interphase. Consequently, the lithium compatibility is improved, achieving a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.8% in the Li||Cu cells and enabling thin and dense lithium depositions. When combined with a high‐performing 2D graphene‐based sulfur cathode, a symbiotic effect is shown, leading to high discharge capacities, remarkable rate capability (2.5 mAh cm−2 at C/2), enhanced cell stability, and wide temperature applicability. Furthermore, the scalability of this strategy is successfully demonstrated by assembling high‐performing monolayer prototype cells with a total capacity of 93 mAh, notable capacity retention of 70% after 100 cycles, and a high average CE of 99%.
Oxygen Vacancies‐Rich Metal Oxide for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Cycle
Authors: Wei Xiaoxiao , Chen Chen , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of industry and agriculture has been accompanied by an artificially imbalanced nitrogen cycle, which threatens human health and ecological environments. Electrocatalytic systems have emerged as a sustainable way of converting nitrogen‐containing molecules into high value‐added chemicals. However, the construction of high‐performance electrocatalysts remains challenging. The development of oxygen vacancy engineering strategy has promoted more research efforts to explore the structure‐activity relationship between catalytic activity and oxygen vacancies. This review systematically summarizes the recent development of oxygen vacancies‐rich metal oxides for electro‐catalyzing nitrogen cycling systems, involving electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction, nitric oxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, C─N coupling, urea oxidation reaction, and nitrogen oxidation reaction. First, the construction methods and characterization methods of oxygen vacancies are summarized. Then, the effect of oxygen vacancy on electrocatalytic activity of metal oxides is discussed in terms of regulating the electronic structures of electrocatalysts, improving the electroconductivity of catalysts, lowing the energy barrier, and strengthening adsorption and activation of intermediate species. Finally, future directions for oxygen vacancy engineering and electrocatalytic nitrogen cycle are anticipated.
Geriatric care‐related outcomes in patients 75 years and older admitted to a pulmonary disease center and predictors for hospital‐related complications
Authors: Cataneo‐Piña Daniela Josefina , Hernández‐Favela Celia Gabriela , Mondragón‐Posadas Lidia Aurora , Torres Nuñez Citlalic 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of targeted interventions, administered through comprehensive geriatric assessments on the incidence of hospitalization‐related complications among older adults diagnosed with pulmonary diseases.MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical records encompassed individuals aged 75 years and older who were admitted to a lung center during the period spanning from March to June 2023. These admissions occurred in a context where standardized geriatric management protocols were systematically implemented. This study's scope extended to assessing the prevalence of hospital‐related complications, encompassing delirium and pressure ulcers. A rigorous multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to discern and characterize associated factors.ResultsThe integration of comprehensive geriatric assessment yielded a substantial reduction in in‐hospital complications among the cohort of 118 patients (mean age : 82.1 ± 5.6 years, 44.5% women). The incidence of delirium decreased from 53.3% to 21.8% [odds ratio (OR): 0.246, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.134–0.450, p < 0.001], whereas the presence of pressure ulcers decreased from 43.9% to 25% (OR: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.217–0.715, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis uncovered independent associations between delirium and variables including community‐acquired pneumonia (OR: 4.417, 95% CI : 1.574–12.395, p = 0.005), severe disability (OR: 2.981, 95% CI: 1.140–7.798, p = 0.026), and hearing loss (OR: 3.219, 95% CI : 1.260–8.170, p = 0.014). Prolonged hospital stays emerged as the sole factor significantly associated with pressure ulcers (OR: 1.071, 95% CI: 1.033–1.109). Furthermore, an intricate bidirectional relationship was evident between delirium and pressure ulcers (OR: 7.158, 95% CI: 2.962–17.300, p < 0.01).ConclusionIn conjunction with its consequent interventions, geriatric evaluation assumes a pivotal role in ameliorating adverse outcomes stemming from hospitalization among older adults afflicted with pulmonary ailments. This role gains particular salience among subpopulations characterized by heightened susceptibility, such as individuals coping with hearing loss and severe disability.