bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air quality, health, and equity impacts of vehicle electrification in India
Authors: Peshin Tapas , Sengupta Shayak , Thakrar Sumil K , Singh Kirat , Hill Jason , Apte Joshua S , Tessum Christopher W , Marshall Julian D , Azevedo Inês M L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ambient air pollution in India accounts for 870 000 deaths per year, including 43 000 from road transportation. Vehicle electrification could posit a sustainable solution. However, 3/4th of India’s electric grid is powered by coal, emitting large amounts of PM2.5, SO2, and NO
x
. This leads to uncertainty regarding the health benefits and distributional consequences from vehicle electrification. Our results show that if electric vehicles made up 30% of vehicle kilometers traveled, there would be 1000–2000 additional deaths each year under present day conditions. Higher increases in pollution exposure are seen in scheduled castes/tribes, poor, and rural populations particularly in high coal production states. Switching to net zero-emitting electricity generation for charging would reduce air pollution attributable deaths by 6000–7000 annually and PM2.5 exposure across all groups of population.
Limited comparability of global and local estimates of environmental flow requirements to sustain river ecosystems
Authors: Messager Mathis L , Dickens Chris W S , Eriyagama Nishadi , Tharme Rebecca E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Environmental flows (e-flows) are a central element of sustainable water resource management to mitigate the detrimental impacts of hydrological alteration on freshwater ecosystems and their benefits to people. Many nations strive to protect e-flows through policy, and thousands of local-scale e-flows assessments have been conducted globally, leveraging data and knowledge to quantify how much water must be provided to river ecosystems, and when, to keep them healthy. However, e-flows assessments and implementation are geographically uneven and cover a small fraction of rivers worldwide. This hinders globally consistent target-setting, monitoring and evaluation for international agreements to curb water scarcity and biodiversity loss. Therefore, dozens of models have been developed over the past two decades to estimate the e-flows requirements of rivers seamlessly across basins and administrative boundaries at a global scale. There has been little effort, however, to benchmark these models against locally derived e-flows estimates, which may limit confidence in the relevance of global estimates. The aim of this study was to assess whether current global methods reflect e-flows estimates used on the ground, by comparing global and local estimates for 1194 sites across 25 countries. We found that while global approaches broadly approximate the bulk volume of water that should be precautionarily provided to sustain aquatic ecosystems at the scale of large basins or countries, they explain a remarkably negligible 0%–1% of the global variability in locally derived estimates of the percentage of river flow that must be protected at a given site. Even when comparing assessments for individual countries, thus controlling for differences in local assessment methods among jurisdictions, global e-flows estimates only marginally compared (R
2 ⩽ 0.31) to local estimates. Such a disconnect between global and local assessments of e-flows requirements limits the credibility of global estimates and associated targets for water use. To accelerate the global implementation of e-flows requires further concerted effort to compile and draw from the thousands of existing local e-flows assessments worldwide for developing a new generation of global models and bridging the gap from local to global scales.
An improved TDE technique for derivation of 2D turbulence structures based on GPI data in toroidal plasma
Authors: WANG 王 Weice 威策 , CHENG 程 Jun 钧 , SHI 石 Zhongbing 中兵 , YAN 严 Longwen 龙文 , HUANG 黄 Zhihui 治辉 , YI 弋 Kaiyang 开阳 , WU 吴 Na 娜 , HE 何 Yu 钰 , ZOU 邹 Qian 千 , CHEN 陈 Xi 熙 , ZHANG 张 Wen 文 , CHEN 陈 Jian 建 , NIE 聂 Lin 林 , JI 季 Xiaoquan 小全 , ZHONG 钟 Wulyu 武律 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper reports an improved time-delay estimation (TDE) technique for the derivation of turbulence structures based on gas-puff imaging data. The improved TDE technique, integrating an inverse timing search and hierarchical strategy, offers superior accuracy in calculating turbulent velocity field maps and analyzing blob dynamics, which has the power to obtain the radial profiles of equilibrium poloidal velocity, blob size and its radial velocity, even the fluctuation analysis, such as geodesic acoustic modes and quasi-coherent mode, etc. This improved technique could provide important 2D information for the study of edge turbulence and blob dynamics, advancing the understanding of edge turbulence physics in fusion plasmas.
Optimization of heat treatment cycle for cast-Al6082 alloy to enhance the mechanical properties
Authors: Singh Pushpraj , Singh Raj Kumar , Das Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present study focused on optimising the heat treatment cycle for the Al6082 alloy, which is commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. The optimisation process consisted of two steps: optimising the solution and artificial ageing treatments. The as-cast Al6082 alloy samples were solutionised at 480 °C, 495 °C, and 510 °C for 6, 8, and 10 h, respectively, and quenched in paraffin oil at room temperature (RT). The optimal solution treatment was at 495 °C for 8 h. The optimisation of artificial ageing treatment of the optimal solution-treated samples was performed at temperatures of 160 °C, 175 °C, 190 °C, 205 °C, and 220 °C for 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. Microstructural analysis, mechanical characterisation, i.e. (tensile strength, % elongation, hardness, and impact strength), and fractography analysis of tensile samples were carried out. The results showed that the optimal ageing cycle was obtained at 205 °C for 6 h. Optimised conditions improved tensile strength (154 MPa to 280 MPa) and hardness (65 BHN to 102 BHN) while slightly increasing the impact energy. However, the % elongation decreased. The study emphasises the importance of optimising the heat treatment cycle to meet the desired properties and application requirements of the Al6082 alloy.
Theta frequency deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus improves working memory in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Salehi Narges , Nahrgang Simone , Petershagen Wiebke , Dembek Till A , Pedrosa David , Timmermann Lars , Weber Immo , Oehrn Carina R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Most research in Parkinson’s disease focuses on improving motor symptoms. Yet, up to 80% of patients present with non-motor symptoms that often have a large impact on patients’ quality of life. Impairment in working memory, a fundamental cognitive process, is common in Parkinson's disease. While deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, its impact on cognitive functions is less well studied. Here, we examine the effect of DBS in the theta, beta, low and high gamma frequency on working memory in 20 Parkinson's disease patients with bilateral STN-DBS. A linear mixed effects model demonstrates that STN-DBS in the theta frequency improves working memory performance. This effect is frequency-specific and was absent for beta and gamma frequency stimulation. Further, this effect is specific to cognitive performance, as theta frequency DBS did not affect motor function. A non-parametric cluster-based permutation analysis of whole-brain normative structural connectivity shows that working memory enhancement by theta frequency stimulation is associated with higher connectivity between the stimulated subthalamic area and the right middle frontal gyrus. Again, this association is frequency- and task-specific. These findings highlight the potential of theta frequency STN-DBS as a targeted intervention to improve working memory in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Presenting a mathematical model of blood supply chain considering the efficiency of collection centers and development of metaheuristic algorithm in M/M/C/K queuing system
Authors: Karamipour Meysam , Kermani Mehrdad Agha Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a multiobjective model was devoted to the objectives of minimizing blood supply chain costs and minimizing the waiting time of blood donors for blood transfusion and minimizing blood transfusion schedule and increasing the efficiency of fixed and mobile centers in collecting blood. One of the most important constraints considered in the mathematical model is the capacity constraints of considering fixed and mobile blood facilities and management of the transfer of blood products to centers for collecting and distinguishing healthy and unhealthy blood. A multiobjective model was considered with the objectives of minimizing blood supply chain costs, the waiting time of blood donors for blood transfusion, and blood transfusion timing and increasing the efficiency of fixed and mobile centers in blood collection. The model findings were analyzed in order to validate the model on a larger scale, using the meta-innovative algorithm NSGAII and MOSPO. According to the research findings, we suggest that fuzzy uncertainty and fair distribution problem shouldn’t be added to the dimensions of the main problem, and further analysis should be done in this area. It was shown that the NSGAII algorithm’s performance was better than the MOPSO meta-heuristic algorithm.
A review on Zika vaccine development
Authors: Peng Zhe-Yu , Yang Song , Lu Hong-Zheng , Wang Lin-Min , Li Ni , Zhang Hai-Ting , Xing Si-Yu , Du Yi-Nan , Deng Sheng-Qun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), which belongs to the Flavivirus family, is mainly transmitted via the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. In newborns, ZIKV infection can cause severe symptoms such as microcephaly, while in adults, it can lead to Guillain‒Barré syndrome (GBS). Due to the lack of specific therapeutic methods against ZIKV, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is extremely important. Several potential ZIKV vaccines, such as live attenuated, inactivated, nucleic acid, viral vector, and recombinant subunit vaccines, have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials involving human participants. Therefore, in this review, the recent developmental progress, advantages and disadvantages of these five vaccine types are examined, and practical recommendations for future development are provided.
The beautiful game bringing families together: children’s and parents’ experiences of a family football programme
Authors: Fothergill Melissa A , Gill Gursharan , Graham Pamela L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Children are consistently not achieving recommended levels of physical activity (PA) despite it being a compulsory requirement of the national curriculum in England. Fruit and vegetable consumption also falls below recommended levels for both adults and children. With school PA increasingly being outsourced, football foundations (linked to professional football clubs) are now prominent providers of children’s PA. However, research exploring coach-led interventions in schools is limited with a particular gap in knowledge surrounding the qualitative experiences of children and parents/carers. The current study therefore aimed to explore the experiences of children and parents engaged in a 6-week family football programme. Family football is a free after-school programme engaging parents/carers and their children, to enhance their engagement in PA and healthy nutritional habits. A purposive sample of parents/carers and their children (N = 36) took part in qualitative focus groups to discuss their experiences of participating in family football. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed two themes: (i) healthy lifestyle facilitators and challenges and (ii) added value of programme participation. Children discussed programme content around nutritional practices and parents/carers discussed examples of where nutritional practices had improved at home, though some parents/carers and children highlighted persistent barriers to health improvement. Both parents/carers and children reflected on how the programme had enabled them to spend dedicated time with one another. The findings emphasize the significance of direct parent/carer involvement in school-based health interventions as well as the value of coach-led interventions in the enhancement of PA enjoyment, nutritional knowledge and connectedness of families within schools.
Enhanced Risky Choice in Male Rats Elicited by the Acute Pharmacological Stressor Yohimbine Involves Prefrontal Dopamine D1 Receptor Activation
Authors: Münster Alexandra , Huster Julia , Sommer Susanne , Traxler Corinna , Votteler Angeline , Hauber Wolfgang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute stress alters risk-based decision-making; however, the underlying neural and neurochemical substrates are underexplored. Given their well-documented stress-inducing effects in humans and laboratory animals, glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone and the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine represent potent pharmacological tools to mimic some characteristics of acute stress.

Methods
Here, we analyzed the effects of the pharmacological stressors corticosterone and yohimbine given systemically on risk-based decision-making in male rats. Moreover, we investigated whether pharmacological stressor effects on risk-based decision-making involve dopamine D1 receptor stimulation in the dorsal prelimbic cortex (PL). We used a risk discounting task that requires choosing between a certain/small reward lever that always delivered 1 pellet and a risky/large reward lever that delivered 4 pellets with a decreasing probability across subsequent trials.

Results
Systemic administration of yohimbine increased the preference for the risky/large reward lever. By contrast, systemic single administration of corticosterone did not significantly promote risky choice. Moreover, co-administration of corticosterone did not enhance the effects of yohimbine on risky choice. The data further show that the increased preference for the risky/large reward lever under systemic yohimbine was lowered by a concurrent pharmacological blockade of dopamine D1 receptors in the PL.

Conclusions
Our rodent data provide causal evidence that stimulation of PL D1 receptors may represent a neurochemical mechanism by which the acute pharmacological stressor yohimbine, and possibly nonpharmacological stressors as well, promote risky choice.
Equivariant K-Homology and K-Theory for Some Discrete Planar Affine Groups
Authors: Flores Ramon , Pooya Sanaz , Valette Alain 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider the semi-direct products $G={\mathbb{Z}}^{2}\rtimes GL_{2}({\mathbb{Z}}), {\mathbb{Z}}^{2}\rtimes SL_{2}({\mathbb{Z}})$, and ${\mathbb{Z}}^{2}\rtimes \Gamma (2)$ (where $\Gamma (2)$ is the congruence subgroup of level 2). For each of them, we compute both sides of the Baum–Connes conjecture, namely the equivariant $K$-homology of the classifying space $\underline{E}G$ for proper actions on the left-hand side, and the analytical K-theory of the reduced group $C^{*}$-algebra on the right-hand side. The computation of the LHS is made possible by the existence of a 3-dimensional model for $\underline{E}G$, which allows to replace equivariant K-homology by Bredon homology. We pay due attention to the presence of torsion in $G$, leading to an extensive study of the wallpaper groups associated with finite subgroups. For the first and third groups, the computations in $K_{0}$ provide explicit generators that are matched by the Baum–Connes assembly map.
Love, Money, or Fame? Determinants of Turkey’s Leader Visits
Authors: Balci Ali , Pulat Abdüssamet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-level leader visits serve as credible signals in international relations, as they not only reveal the priorities of states in foreign relations but also convey messages to third parties. Observations of Turkey’s elevated diplomatic encounters with Iran, China, and Russia suggest a potential deviation from the West, while visits to Middle Eastern capitals are interpreted as evidence of Turkey’s Islamization. Beyond these individual cases, is it possible to identify a pattern of motivations that determine Turkey’s visit dynamics? By constructing a novel dataset from primary sources like official state documents, “Turkey Visits,” which spans the period from 1989 to 2022, this study aims to both characterize the distribution patterns of high-level leader visits and investigate the underlying factors that influence these patterns.
Exploring long-term breast cancer survivors’ care trajectories using dynamic time warping-based unsupervised clustering
Authors: Giannoula Alexia , Comas Mercè , Castells Xavier , Estupiñán-Romero Francisco , Bernal-Delgado Enrique , Sanz Ferran , Sala Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS) constitute a complex group of patients, whose number is estimated to continue rising, such that, a dedicated long-term clinical follow-up is necessary.

Materials and Methods
A dynamic time warping-based unsupervised clustering methodology is presented in this article for the identification of temporal patterns in the care trajectories of 6214 female BCS of a large longitudinal retrospective cohort of Spain. The extracted care-transition patterns are graphically represented using directed network diagrams with aggregated patient and time information. A control group consisting of 12 412 females without breast cancer is also used for comparison.

Results
The use of radiology and hospital admission are explored as patterns of special interest. In the generated networks, a more intense and complex use of certain healthcare services (eg, radiology, outpatient care, hospital admission) is shown and quantified for the BCS. Higher mortality rates and numbers of comorbidities are observed in various transitions and compared with non-breast cancer. It is also demonstrated how a wealth of patient and time information can be revealed from individual service transitions.

Discussion
The presented methodology permits the identification and descriptive visualization of temporal patterns of the usage of healthcare services by the BCS, that otherwise would remain hidden in the trajectories.

Conclusion
The results could provide the basis for better understanding the BCS’ circulation through the health system, with a view to more efficiently predicting their forthcoming needs and thus designing more effective personalized survivorship care plans.
Persistence of Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after the 2000s and its characteristic aging-related tau astrogliopathy
Authors: Tsuji Kazumi , Nakayama Yoshiaki , Taruya Junko , Ito Hidefumi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a unique disease that occurs in the southern portion of the Kii Peninsula and exhibits a dual pathology of TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) proteinopathy and tauopathy. The incidence of ALS in this region was very high in the 1960s, briefly decreased through the 1980s, but began increasing again after 2000 with a change of high-concentration geographic foci. It is unclear, however, whether the unique pathological features have changed along with the incidence changes. This study analyzed postmortem specimens from neuropathologically confirmed Kii ALS cases from the 1970s (n = 4) and those after 1999 (n = 12) from the southern Kii Peninsula or outside of the area. Our results confirm the continued occurrence of Kii ALS after 2000 in the southern Kii Peninsula and the preservation of disease-specific neuronal tau pathology, including the widespread occurrence throughout the brain and spinal cord, sparse neuropil threads, and predominance in superficial layers. Furthermore, we assessed the glial tau pathology of Kii and non-Kii ALS in accordance with the aging-related tau astrogliopathy classification method for the first time and detected a unique brainstem predominant appearance of gray matter aging-related tau astrogliopathy in Kii ALS cases, which may provide clues to pathogenetic mechanisms.
The properties of RR Lyrae variable stars in the Local Group dwarf galaxy LGS-3
Authors: Sarajedini Ata 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a sample of 56 RR Lyrae variable stars (48 ab-type and 8 c-type) measured from a set of F475W (≈B filter) and F814W (≈I filter) archival images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys of one field in the Local Group dwarf galaxy LGS-3 (also known as the Pisces Dwarf or Pisces I). The ab-type variables exhibit a mean period of =0.623 ± 0.007 d. Applying a relationship between [Fe/H] and period, we calculate a mean metallicity of 〈[Fe/H]〉 = −1.81 ± 0.04 on the Zinn & West scale. Finally, we conclude that the mean metal abundance of the RR Lyraes in LGS-3 is consistent with that of the LGS-3 field stellar population at an age of &gt;10 Gyr.
Ages and metallicities of globular clusters in M81 using GTC/OSIRIS spectra
Authors: Lomelí-Núñez Luis , Mayya Y D , Rodríguez-Merino L H , Ovando P A , Alzate Jairo A , Rosa-González D , Cuevas-Otahola B , Bruzual Gustavo , Cortesi Arianna , Gómez-González V M A , Escudero Carlos G 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We here present the results of an analysis of the optical spectroscopy of 42 globular cluster (GC) candidates in the nearby spiral galaxy M81 (3.61 Mpc). The spectra were obtained using the long-slit and multi-object spectroscopic modes of the OSIRIS instrument at the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias at a spectral resolution of ∼1000. We used the classical H β versus [MgFe]′ index diagram to separate genuine old GCs from clusters younger than 3 Gyr. Of the 30 spectra with continuum signal-to-noise ratio &gt;10, we confirm 17 objects to be classical GCs (age &gt;10 Gyr, −1.4 &lt; [Fe/H] &lt; −0.4), with the remaining 13 being intermediate-age clusters (1–7.5 Gyr). We combined age and metallicity data of other nearby spiral galaxies (≲18 Mpc) obtained using similar methodology like the one we have used here to understand the origin of GCs in spiral galaxies in the cosmological context. We find that the metal-poor ([Fe/H] &lt; −1) GCs continued to form up to 6 Gyr after the first GCs were formed, with all younger systems (age &lt;8 Gyr) being metal rich.