bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber digestibility and nitrogen requirements of blue duikers (Cephalophus monticola)
Authors: Shipley Lisa A. , Felicetti Laura 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe examined the energy and protein requirements, and the fiber and protein digestive capacity, of a small African ruminant, the blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola), by conducting a series of complete balance digestion trials with three captive male blue duikers feeding on fruits, leaves, forbs, grass, and pelleted diets ranging from 9.4% to 49% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 2.5% to 30% crude protein. The diets also varied in tannin levels. On these diets, for which indigestible acid detergent lignin (ADL) comprised 5–20% of NDF, blue duikers digested NDF as well as did larger ruminants. With a metabolic fecal nitrogen (MFN) of 2.6 g N/kg dry matter consumed and endogenous urinary N (EUN) of 194 mg/kg0.75/d, the duikers required 643.3 mg N/kg0.75/d. Therefore, if food intake is unrestricted, duikers require a minimum protein content in their diet of about 4%. MFN and N requirements were lower than those of many other ruminants. The protein‐precipitating capacity of tannins found in forages used in this study did not reduce the digestibility of the neutral detergent solubles (NDS) and NDF, but significantly reduced protein digestion. However, this reduction appears to be less than that experienced by larger ruminants. Small ruminants, such as the blue duiker, seem to be able to handle lower‐quality diets than expected for their size. Zoo Biol 21:123–134, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemolytic function of opsonizing proteins of earthworm's coelomic fluid
Authors: Šinkora Marek , Bilej Martin , Tučková Ludmila , Romanovský Alexej 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSynthetic 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate copolymer particles (HEMA) can be opsonized in the coelomic fluid of Eisenia foetida earthworms. The incomplete coelomic fluid (i.e. the coelomic fluid after incubation with HEMA particles) exerts a lower level of hemolytic activity compared to complete coelomic fluid. The decreased hemolysis can be compensated by the addition of isolated opsonins. On the other hand, isolated opsonins do not possess direct hemolytic capacity. It can be suggested that at least one of the isolated opsonins is involved in the hemolytic process. These results support the hypothesized cooperation of humoral and cellular mechanisms in earthworm defence.
Imaging calcium dynamics in living plant cells and tissues
Authors: Read N. D. , Shacklock P. S. , Knight M. R. , Trewavas A. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe central role of Ca2+ signalling in plants is now well established. Much of our recent research has been based on the premise that the direct demonstration of signal‐response coupling via Ca2+ requires the imaging or measurement of cytosolic free Ca2+ in living cells. Methods (confocal microscopy, fluorescence ratio imaging and photon counting imaging) which we use for imaging Ca2+ with fluorescent dyes or recombinant aequorin, are described. Approaches for using dyes are now routine for many plant cells. However, the imaging Ca2+ in whole tissues of plants genetically transformed with the aequorin gene is a very new development. We predict that this method, first employed in our laboratory, will bring about a revolution in our understanding of Ca2+ signalling at the multicellular level.
Multiple pathways to apoptosis.
Authors: Evans Vivian G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEvidence from studies dealing with various aspects of the interdigitating network of proliferative signals supports the concept of multiple signalling pathways. Analogous to these, the concept of multiple pathways to apoptosis is introduced and discussed. Some of these pathways might not necessarily be under genetic control. They might be elicited by a perturbation at any point in the proliferative signalling network, for example by an imbalance in any of the substances involved directly or as second messengers. Diverse findings from recent reports on the induction of apoptosis by various means and in a variety of cell lines imply the presence of such multiple pathways, only one of which should accurately be described as genetic.
Antiproliferative effects of heparin on normal and transformed NIH/3T3 fibroblasts.
Authors: Cavari Simone , Ruggiero Marco , Vannucchi Simonetta 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied the effect of heparin on proliferation and signalling in normal NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, and in cells transformed by different oncogenes. Heparin inhibited the proliferation of normal as well as of v‐sis and v‐erbB transformed fibroblasts in the presence of serum, but failed to inhibit v‐erbB‐driven proliferation in serum‐starved cultures; under these conditions, heparin inhibited by approximately 50% the proliferation of normal and v‐sis‐ transformed cells. Heparin also inhibited PDGF‐induced cell proliferation and inositol lipid turnover in v‐sis transformants, but it did not affect PDGF mitogenic signalling in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts.
An elastinolytic enzyme detected in the culture medium of human arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Okada Yoshikatsu , Katsuda Shogo , Okada Yasunori , Nakanishi Isao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe culture medium of human arterial smooth muscle cells exhibits an elastinolytic activity with 68 and 64 kDa on elastin substrate gels. The enzymatic activities are inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, a metalloproteinase inhibitor, but not by other inhibitors of serine, cysteine and aspartic proteinases. The proteinase in the culture medium is activatable by 4‐aminophenylmercuric acetate and degrades insoluble elastin. Compared to other matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), the activity shows the similar elastinolytic pattern to that by MMP‐2 purified from human rheumatoid synovium, while MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 have different lytic patterns and MMP‐1 possesses no elastinolytic activity. An immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the 68‐kDa enzyme is MMP‐2. An immunofluorescence study illustrates that MMP‐2 is localized within the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells. These findings suggest that the elastinolytic enzyme secreted by human arterial smooth muscle cells is MMP‐2.
Exogenous catalase introduced in CHO cells by electroporation does not protect against chromosome damage induced by ionizing radiation.
Authors: Cortés Felipe , Domínguez Inmaculada , Sandström Björn 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTThe relative importance of hydrogen peroxide generated as a consequence of irradiation with X‐rays for the production of chromosomal aberrations has been studied in cultured CHO cells. Catalase introduced into cells by electroporation protected DNA from strand breakage induced by hydrogen peroxide given 4h later, and the yield of chromosome aberrations was also reduced. Nevertheless, when the cells were irradiated after treatment with catalase following a similar protocol and the yield of chromosomal aberrations analyzed at metaphase, no protective effect was observed as compared with cells treated with X‐rays alone. These observations seem to support the hypothesis that hydroxyl radicals generated from hydrogen peroxide are not a major factor responsible for chromosome damage induced by ionizing radiation.
Elongation factor 1α is a component of the subcortical actin bundles of characean algae.
Authors: Collings David A. , Wasteneys Geoffrey O. , Miyazaki Masazumi , Williamson Richard E. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTAntibodies to elongation factor 1α (EF1α), a known 50 kDa actin‐bundling protein in Dictyostelium, identified a protein in a whole cell extract of the characean alga Nitella pseudoflabellata that had an apparent molecular weight of 51 kDa. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed labelling by the EF1α antibodies of the subcortical actin bundles, even after the motile organelles of the endoplasm were removed by perfusion with ATP‐containing solutions.
Field bean protease inhibitor preparations, unlike methotrexate, can completely suppress Yoshida sarcoma tumor in rats
Authors: Banerji Ashutosh P. , Fernandes Augustine O. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTProtease inhibitor preparations (PIP) with antitryptic and antichymotryptic activities, isolated from field bean legume as well as doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide could effectively suppress the growth of Yoshida sarcoma ascites tumor cells transplanted in adult rats and prevent their death. As against this, methotrexate and heat‐inactivated PIP were ineffective in such rats at varied doses of treatment tried. The percent survival of animals appeared to be related to the purity, treatment mode and the dose of PIP used. Zymographic analysis of the trypsin activated sarcoma cell homagenate revealed the presence of six protease bands in the molecular weight range of 51kD to 206kD. Prolonged interactions of such zymograms with protease inhibitors such as 20mM EDTA or 5mM diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIFP) or 400 · μg/ml of PIP in reaction buffer indicated that these are not metalloproteases but serine proteases whose activities are inhibited by PIP and DIFP. Since proteases are involved in cell growth regulation and cell transformation, we hypothesize a positive relationship between the field bean protease inhibitor;s blocking action on tumor cell proteases and its tumor suppressing activity
Tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cytokine coregulating sugar uptake by cultured human synovial cells.
Authors: Hernvann Alain , Souliac‐Marc Catherine , Aussel Christian , Ekindjian Ohvanesse 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTConfluent cultures of osteoarthritic and rheumatoid human synovial cells were treated with human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) The cytokine increased uptake of 2‐deoxy‐D‐[1‐3H]glucose (2‐DOG) in a time‐ and concentrations‐dependent manner. In synovial cells obtained from osteoarthritic patients (OA cells), the stimulation of 2‐DOG uptake occurred 3 hours following addition of TNF‐α (1 ng/ml) and was maximal by 24 hours Rheumatoid synovial cells (RA cells) appeared less sensitive to the cytokine: 2‐DOG uptake stimulation was only significant after 6 hours of incubation. In both OA and RA cells, the effect was protein synthesis‐dependent, and was not secondary to prostaglandin E2 synthesis or cell growth. Interteukin‐1β was more efficient than TNF‐α for 2‐DOG uptake stimulation The two cytokines seemed to act in an additive manner.
Cytotoxicity of vacuolar H+ ‐ATPase inhibitors to UMR‐106 rat osteoblasts: an effect on iron uptake into cells?
Authors: Hall Tony J. 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACTTreatment of rat osteoblastic UMR‐106 cells with bafilomycin A1 rhamnoside or concanamycin A, which are potent and specific inhibitors of the vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase), caused a rapid rounding up of the cells (within 6 hr), inhibition of cell growth (IC50 = 3.3 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively, at 24 hr) and cell death at 54 hr. Since proliferating cells have an absolute requirement for iron and the V‐ATPase plays a crucial role in iron uptake into cells via the transferrin cycle, the effect of the iron chelator, desferal, was tested on UMR‐106 cells. A time‐dependent cell rounding, suppression of cell growth followed by cell death very similar to that observed with the V‐ATPase inhibitors was seen. Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of V‐ATPase inhibitors may be due, at least in part, to their preventing iron uptake into cells.
The effect of cisplatin and transplatin on the conformation and association of F‐actin.
Authors: Hui Zeng Hui , Fen Lu Jing , Kui Wang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of cisplatin and transplatin on the conformation and association of F‐actin were studied by ESR, turbidimetry and CD measurement. The results indicate that the major component affecting F‐actin secondary conformation is derived from their effect on the tertiary or quaternary conformation and association states of F‐actin. The effect of platinum is seen by the fact that binding of cisplatin causes first an increase in molecular size followed by a later decrease. The induction time for the association depended on the concentration of cisplatin. Transplatin was able to reach the target site more readily, resulting in the dissociation of F‐actin even at a very low concentration.
WHERE AM I? HOW A CELL RECOGNIZES ITS POSITIONAL INFORMATION DURING MORPHOGENESIS
Authors: HATA RYU‐ICHIRO 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMorphogenesis is an old, and one of the latest, fascinating fields in biological science and a huge number of papers on molecular mechanisms underlying it have been published. But most of the works and reviews on these mechanisms pertain to molecules of, as it were, the planning or design of morphogenesis, such as morphogens and homeodomain proteins. In this review, I will describe the function of extracellular matrix (ECM) and other cell adhesion molecules in morphogenesis as that of actual morpho‐creating molecules, morphocreators, and discuss their roles as positional information‐pertaining molecules.
CISPLATIN INHIBITS PINOCYTOSIS INDICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM
Authors: REDDY T.B.K , CHATTERJEE S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects ofcis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) [cisplatin], a potential anticancer drug, were studied on pinocytotic functions in the cellular slime mouldDictyostelium discoideumby administering FITC‐dextran as a fluid phase marker. Cisplatin treatment at a concentration of 100 and 200 μg/ml for 1 h causes inhibition in pinocytotic uptake in growingDictyosteliumcells in a dose‐dependent manner. Cisplatin treatment induced the association of more actin with the cell cortex, thereby presumably restricting the flexibility of the cell membrane and inhibiting the formation of pinosomes. Ultrastructural analysis of cisplatin‐treated cells showed a lower number of pinosomes. These results have been discussed in the light of cisplatin's known actions that affect various cellular functions.
MODULATION OF INTERFERON γ INDUCED INCREASES IN CATHEPSIN B IN THP‐1 CELLS BY ADRENERGIC AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS
Authors: LI QINGDI , BEVER CHRISTOPHER T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to investigate the possible modulation of macrophage function by the autonomic nervous system, the effect of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on interferon (IFN)‐γ‐induced increases in cathepsin B (CB) in a macrophage‐like cell line was studied. It has been shown previously that IFN‐γ induces increased CB activity in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)‐primed THP‐1 cells. Isoproterenol (ISO) (10μm), a mixed β‐receptor agonist, increased the induction of CB activity in the cells but norepinephrine (10μm) and epinephrine (10μm), the α and β receptor agonists, had little effect. The addition of the mixed α‐receptor antagonist phentolamine (10μm) had no effect on ISO induced increases but the mixed β‐receptor antagonist propranolol (10μm) and the selective β1‐receptor antagonist atenolol produced significant inhibition. These results suggest that the activation of β‐receptors could be involved in the induction of CB activity in macrophages and provide a possible mechanism for the regulation of macrophage effector function by the autonomic nervous system. Dibutyryl cAMP (1mm) alone also induced increases in CB in THP‐1 cells, and H‐89 or HA1004 abrogated the effect of dibutyryl cAMP, suggesting that the effect of ISO on CB could be through the elevation of cAMP and the activation of cAMP‐dependent protein kinases.
SIMS MICROSCOPY: METHODOLOGY, PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN MAPPING DRUGS AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMPOUNDS
Authors: CLERC JÉRÔME , FOURRÉ CATHERINE , FRAGU PHILIPPE 
Published: October 2002

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy, a mass spectrometry method designed in the 1960s, offers new analytical capabilities, high sensitivity (ppm to ppb region), high specificity and improved lateral resolution, thus facilitating insight into many physiological and biomedical questions. Apart from the sample preparation and the physical characteristics of the detection, the biological model must also be considered.SIMS analysis of diffusible ions and molecules requires strict cryogenic procedures which always begin by a flash‐freeze fixation. Cellular integrity can be checked by mapping the major element distributions since intra and extracellular ions are redistributed only in damaged cells. Cryofixing may be followed either by a freeze‐fracture methodology or by cryoembedding and dry‐cutting. Chemical sample preparation is only used for ions or molecules bound to fixed cell structures.The use of scanning procedures ameliorates the lateral resolution and chromosome imaging has been reported with probe size of below 50nm. Absolute quantification can be derived for embedded specimen by using internal references included in tissue equivalent resins. The sensitivity is limited by the ionization yield of the tag element and may be further impaired when working at high mass resolution (≥5000) to eliminate interfering cluster ions.SIMS drug mapping is usually performed after in vitro administration of a molecule to cell culture systems. Drug detection is accomplished indirectly by detecting a tag isotope naturally present or introduced by labelling, mainly with halogens,15N and14C. Molecular imaging with TOF‐SIMS is an appealing alternative especially for heavier compounds. We stress some biological problems through a critical review of published SIMS drug studies. SIMS proved useful in assessing the targeting specificity of nuclear medicine pharmaceutics, even after in vivo administration. The first microscopic evidence of a thionamide induced follicular blockade of the iodine organification process is presented in a human sample.
Fertile Usnea Longissima in the Oregon Coast Range
Authors: Keon D. B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractApothecia from Usnea longissima thalli collected in the Oregon Coast Range are described. Fertile U. longissima specimens have seldom been observed and rarely documented in the literature. A brief history of accounts in the literature is given, and possible reasons for the infrequent occurrence of apothecia are discussed. This is the first published account of fertile U. longissima specimens in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.
Carnivore Diversity in the Late Quaternary of Israel
Authors: Dayan Tamar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring the past 70,000 years, Israeli carnivore faunas have varied only slightly in richness (number of species), but widely in diversity (including the relative abundances of the different species). Human population growth, sedentism, and the beginning of agriculture are often considered to have caused habitat destruction toward the end of the Pleistocene that may have affected animal populations. However, patterns of changing carnivore diversities from three sites in the Mediterranean region of Israel correlate well with changes in precipitation: species diversity is higher during more humid phases and lower during drier phases. The environmental effect of sedentism may have accelerated the later drop in carnivore diversity but cannot account for fluctuations in diversity preceding it.
SEM Analysis of Quartz Sand Grain Surface Textures Indicates Alluvial/Colluvial Origin of the Quaternary “Glacial” Boulder Clays at Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), East-Central China
Authors: Helland P. E. , Huang Pei-Hua , Diffendal R. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGeomorphic features and Pleistocene deposits on Huangshan have been attributed to glaciation. Recent reassessment questions this interpretation. As part of the reassessment, quartz sand grains from deposits identified as glacial boulder clays (till composed of boulders in a clay or silt matrix) were analyzed by scanning electron microscope for evidence of their sedimentary history. Surface textures found on the boulder-clay grains were compared with those on grains with known sedimentary histories including glacial, grus, colluvial, and alluvial grains. The analysis shows that the grains lack typical glacial textures. The surface textures present indicate a complex history. Nonuniformly weathered grain surfaces point to chemical weathering of the source rock. This is supported by the deep weathering of the nonquartz clasts in the sand-sized fraction as well as in boulders at the outcrops. The close correspondence in surface-texture frequencies with those of the alluvial grains indicates an alluvial component to the grains’ history. The similarity with the colluvial grains and the outcrops’ structures suggest an alluvial/colluvial origin for the deposits. The history indicated by the surface textures agrees with the recent reassessment of the geomorphic features and points to warm climatic conditions in east-central China for at least part of the Pleistocene.
Interfaces for Refining Recursion and Procedures
Authors: Staples Mark 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
This paper presents novel definitions of interfaced recursion blocks, interfaced procedures, and interfaced recursive procedures for the Refinement Calculus. These definitions allow step-wise refinement rules to be formally stated and proved for these constructs. An interface is associated with a (recursive) call by preceding the body of the implementation by an assertion statement which says that the interface refines to the implementation. An interface will typically be a specification statement, but in principle can be any command. The theory and rules presented in this paper have been mechanised in the theorem prover Isabelle/ZF.
A Multi-formalism Approach for the Validation of UML Models
Authors: Dupuy Sophie , du Bousquet Lydie 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.

Our approach is based on UML models. They are edited with the rational Rose
™
tool [Rat96] and complemented with annotations that state several constraints. The class diagram is the starting point of a translation process that produces formal specifications in Z [Spi92] and Lustre [CHP87]. The RoZ tool is used to translate the class diagram into Z automatically. The Z and Lustre specifications are used to validate the UML models by means of a prover and a testing environment.
Data Abstraction Techniques in the Validation of CSP-OZ Specifications
Authors: Wehrheim Heike 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.

CSP-OZ is an integrated formal method which combines the state-oriented specification language Object-Z with the process algebra CSP, thereby allowing a description of static as well as dynamic aspects of a system. Checking correctness of CSP-OZ specifications can be done via a
translation
into (FDR-)CSP, on which automatic verification can be performed with the FDR model checker if the state space of the resulting CSP process is not too large to be processed. This paper investigates how
data abstraction
techniques can be used to bring a translated specification within range of automatic verification.
Abstraction and Testing in CSP
Authors: Schneider Steve 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
Restricted views of process behaviour result in a form of abstraction which is useful in the construction of specifications involving fault-tolerance and atomicity. This paper presents an operational characterisation of abstraction for refusable and non-refusable events in terms of testing. This view is a generalisation of standard notions of testing, and is given a new denotational characterisation encapsulated within the CSP denotational semantics. It informs, reinforces and extends the traditional denotational approach to abstraction.