bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of bacterial attachment by pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiations: An in vitro study using marine biofilm‐forming bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora
Authors: Nandakumar Kanavillil , Obika Hideki , Shinozaki Tatsuya , Ooie Toshihiko , Utsumi Akihiro , Yano Tetsuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of low mean power laser irradiations with short pulse duration from an Nd:YAG (neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet) laser on a marine biofilm‐forming bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, was investigated in the laboratory. Laser‐irradiated bacteria were tested for their ability to attach on nontoxic titanium nitride (TiN) coupons with nonirradiated bacteria as the reference. Two durations of irradiation were tested, 10 and 15 min. Bacterial attachment was monitored after 20 min, 40 min, and 1 h of irradiation. The average laser fluence used for this study was 0.1 J/cm2. The area of attachment of the irradiated bacteria was significantly less than the reference for both durations of irradiation. The growth of irradiated bacteria showed a longer lag phase than the nonirradiated sample, mainly due to mortality in the former. The bacterial mortality observed was 23.4 ± 0.71 and 48.6 ± 6.5% for 10‐ and 15‐min irradiations, respectively. Thus, the results show that low‐power pulsed laser irradiations resulted in a significant bacterial mortality and a reduced bacterial attachment on nontoxic hard surfaces. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 552–558, 2002.
A randomized trial of 5 vs. 6 French transradial percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Dahm Johannes B. , Vogelgesang Dirk , Hummel Astrid , Staudt Alexander , Völzke Henry , Felix Stephan B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTransradial coronary interventions (TCI) are occasionally limited by radial spasms and postprocedural radial occlusions, which are related to the radial diameter and which possibly may be reduced by the use of smaller guiding catheter. However, 5 Fr, 0.058″ lumen diameter guiding catheter affords less strength, visibility, and backup. In a randomized study, we investigated procedural and clinical success and vascular access complications of 5 Fr in comparison to 6 Fr guiding catheter. One hundred seventy‐one patients with coronary lesions suitable for at least 5 Fr transradial approach (i.e., normal Allen test, only balloon angioplasty and stent) were randomly assigned for 5 or 6 Fr TCI. The primary combined endpoint was procedural and clinical success, and secondary endpoints were vascular access complications and the occurrence of postprocedural radial occlusions at 1‐month follow‐up. Procedural success was achieved in 95.4% of 5 Fr and 92.9% of 6 Fr patients. Selective cannulation of the coronary ostium failed in 1.1% of 5 Fr and 4.8% of 6 Fr patients (P = 0.08). Minor hematomas without need for surgical repair or blood transfusions occurred in 1.1% (5 Fr) and 4.8% (6 Fr; P = 0.07); 1.1% of 5 Fr and 5.9% of 6 Fr patients (P = 0.05) suffered loss of radial pulse due to radial occlusion. Selected noncomplex coronary lesions can successfully and safely be treated either with 5 or 6 Fr guiding catheters. A tendency of higher procedural success rates and lower vascular access complications was documented after 5 Fr in comparison to 6 Fr TCI. This was particularly the case among patients with small radial diameters. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:172–176. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of Inoue balloon dilatation method for treatment of Cor triatriatum stenosis in a child
Authors: Huang Ta‐Cheng , Lee Cheng‐Liang , Lin Chu‐Chun , Tseng Chi‐Jen , Hsieh Kai‐Sheng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old girl was referred for evaluation of a heart murmur and progressive dyspnea with exertion. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed Cor triatriatum with severe stenosis at its orifice. The resting transmembrane CW Doppler velocity was 2.3 m/sec. Cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic assessment were performed and demonstrated a marked increase in pulmonary capillary wedge and pulmonary artery pressures. The stenosis was successfully dilated with an Inoue balloon using a transseptal technique. This is the first description of dilation of a Cor triatriatum using the Inoue technique. Only one previous case report of balloon dilatation for Cor triatriatum sinister has appeared in the English literature using a different technique (double balloon method). Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:252–256. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel software architecture for rapid development of magnetic resonance applications
Authors: Debbins Josef , Gould Kristine , Halleppanavar Veena , Polzin Jason , Radick Mark , Sat Giora , Thomas Deepa , Trevino Scott , Haworth Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs the pace of clinical magnetic resonance (MR) procedures grows, the need for an MR scanner software platform on which developers can rapidly prototype, validate, and produce product applications becomes paramount. A software architecture has been developed for a commercial MR scanner that employs state of the art software technologies including Java, C++, DICOM, XML, and so forth. This system permits graphical (drag and drop) assembly of applications built on simple processing building blocks, including pulse sequences, a user interface, reconstruction and postprocessing, and database control. The application developer (researcher or commercial) can assemble these building blocks to create custom applications. The developer can also write source code directly to create new building blocks and add these to the collection of components, which can be distributed worldwide over the internet. The application software and its components are developed in Java, which assures platform portability across any host computer that supports a Java Virtual Machine. The downloaded executable portion of the application is executed in compiled C++ code, which assures mission‐critical real‐time execution during fast MR acquisition and data processing on dedicated embedded hardware that supports C or C++. This combination permits flexible and rapid MR application development across virtually any combination of computer configurations and operating systems, and yet it allows for very high performance execution on actual scanner hardware. Applications, including prescan, are inherently real‐time enabled and can be aggregated and customized to form “superapplications,” wherein one or more applications work with another to accomplish the clinical objective with a very high transition speed between applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 216–237, 2002
Role of Rel/NF‐κB transcription factors in apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Chiao Paul J. , Na Ren , Niu Jiangong , Sclabas Guido M. , Dong Qianggang , Curley Steven A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrimary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the 10 most common human carcinomas in the world. The mechanism by which HCC cells resist apoptosis induced by various treatment modalities is poorly understood.METHODSThe authors sought to determine whether Rel/NF‐κB transcription factors play a key role in controlling apoptosis in human HCCcells. We assessed constitutive and inducible activation of NF‐κB in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐positive (Hep3B) and in hepatitis virus‐negative (Chang, HepG2) HCC cells, as well as the role of known inhibitors of NF‐κB activity.RESULTSThe current study data demonstrate that 1) RelA/NF‐κB activity is activated constitutively in Hep3B cells, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays; 2) RelA/NF‐κB reporter gene activity is inhibited specifically by dominant‐negative mutants of IκBα, IKK1, IKK2, MEKK1, and MEKK3 and it is activated by overexpression of wild‐type MEKK3, suggesting that upstream kinase cascades induce phosphorylation of IκBα and activate RelA/NF‐κB in Hep3B cells; 3) overexpression of the HBV x gene fails to activate NF‐κB in HepG2 and Chang cell lines; 4) The NF‐κB–inducible gene, bcl‐xl, is overexpressed in Hep3B cells and is inhibited by the proteosome inhibitor PS341, which prevents IκBα degradation and RelA/NF‐κB activation; and 5) inhibition of constitutive RelA/NF‐κB activity by PS341 sensitizes Hep3B cells to doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSThese results are consistent with the role of RelA/NF‐κB activity in the regulation of apoptosis through activation of its downstream target genes and suggest that signaling pathways that control RelA/NF‐κB activity may be important targets for novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of human HCC. Cancer 2002;95:1696–705. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10829
Defining sexual outcomes after treatment for localized prostate carcinoma
Authors: Schover Leslie R. , Fouladi Rachel T. , Warneke Carla L. , Neese Leah , Klein Eric A. , Zippe Craig , Kupelian Patrick A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this survey was to identify factors associated with good sexual outcomes in a large group of survivors of localized prostate carcinoma.METHODSA postal survey was sent to 2636 men in the Cleveland Clinic Foundation's Prostate Cancer Registry who either were treated with definitive radiotherapy or underwent prostatectomy for localized prostate carcinoma. The survey asked about demographic items, past and current sexual functioning, partner's sexual function and health, and a number of factors hypothesized to affect sexual satisfaction. Standardized questionnaires included the Sexual Self‐Schema Scale‐Male Version, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), urinary and bowel symptom scales from the Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index, and the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36).RESULTSThe return rate was 49%, yielding a sample of 1236 men at an average of 4.3 years post‐treatment. Comparing responders with nonresponders suggested that the sample may have been somewhat biased toward men who were more interested in maintaining sexual function. At the time they were diagnosed with prostate carcinoma, 36% of men had erectile dysfunction (ED). Within the past 6 months, however, 85% of men reported having ED. Only 13% of men were having reliable, firm erections spontaneously, and another 8% of men were having erections with the aid of a medical treatment. Men were as distressed about loss of desire and trouble having satisfying orgasms as they were about ED. Of the 84% of men who reported having a current sexual partner, 66% indicated that she had a sexual problem. Younger age was associated strongly with better sexual outcome (global IIEF score). With demographic factors taken into account, better sexual outcome was related significantly to medical factors, including not having neoadjuvant or current antiandrogen therapy, undergoing bilateral nerve‐sparing prostatectomy or brachytherapy, and having better mental and physical health composite scores on the SF‐36. Sexual factors that were associated with a better outcome included having normal erections before treatment for prostate carcinoma, choosing a treatment based on the hope that it would preserve sexual function, having more sexual partners in the past year, and having a sexually functional partner.CONCLUSIONSThe great majority of men who survive prostate carcinoma do not achieve a return to functional sexual activity in the years after treatment. The priorities a man places on sexuality and on having a sexually functional partner are important factors in sexual satisfaction at follow‐up, over and above the influence of age and medical factors. Cancer 2002;95:1773–85. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10848
Evidence of neoangiogenesis and an increase in the number of proliferating cells within the bronchial epithelium of smokers
Authors: Hiroshima Kenzo , Iyoda Akira , Shibuya Kiyoshi , Hoshino Hidehisa , Haga Yukiko , Toyozaki Tetsuya , Shiba Mitsutoshi , Baba Masayuki , Fujisawa Takehiko , Ohwada Hidemi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDNormal bronchial epithelium gradually acquires cellular and genetic changes that result in the formation of invasive tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of proliferative change and the amount of neovascularization in both normal and preneoplastic lesions in smokers who were at high risk for developing lung carcinoma.METHODSThe authors studied bronchial biopsy specimens from 7 nonsmokers and 52 smokers. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimens with antibodies for the presence of p53 protein, Ki‐67 and CD34 antigens, and vascular endothelial growth factor was performed. The proliferation index (PI) was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for Ki‐67 antigen.RESULTSOverexpression of p53 protein was observed frequently in regions of squamous dysplasia and in squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The PI of normal epithelium from smokers was increased compared with nonsmokers, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The microvessel count (MC) in normal mucosa obtained from smokers was higher compared with the MC in normal mucosa obtained from nonsmokers (P < 0.05). A significant difference in MC also was observed between regions of squamous metaplasia or dysplasia with projections of capillary loops into the bronchial mucosa and similar lesions without capillary loops (P < 0.005); however, there was no difference in either the PI or the incidence of p53 overexpression between these groups.CONCLUSIONSThese results show that smoking appears to induce both a proliferative response and neovascularization in bronchial mucosa. The projection of capillary loops into the bronchial mucosa also may be a result of neovascularization occurring within the lamina propria of the bronchial wall. Cancer 2002;95:1539–45. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10850
Barriers and facilitators to enrollment in cancer clinical trials
Authors: Grunfeld Eva , Zitzelsberger Louise , Coristine Marjorie , Aspelund Faye 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe literature continues to report low rates of accrual to cancer clinical trials. Previous studies have examined principally physician‐related or patient‐related barriers. Clinical research associates (CRAs) have a unique perspective on enrollment that has been explored very little. This study sought the views of CRAs on barriers and facilitators to accrual.METHODSFocus groups were held at six of eight tertiary cancer centers in Ontario, Canada. Audiotapes of sessions were transcribed and subjected to content analysis by two of the authors. Emergent themes were identified. These themes are illustrated by representative quotes taken from the transcripts.RESULTSFactors that acted as barriers or facilitators were classified into physician‐related, patient‐related, or system‐related factors. CRAs identified physician attitudes regarding patient participation as the principal physician‐related barrier. Barriers, facilitators, and modifying factors that were related to patient involvement were discussed by CRAs. Patients seemed more knowledgeable about trials than in the past and were willing to participate. System factors were considered to have the greatest impact on the ability to accrue. CRAs identified increasing trial and pharmaceutical demands coupled with tight trial time lines. Time was seen as a diminishing resource. Greater demands not only affect specific clinical trial accrual but also affect general support for trials in the cancer center and hospital.CONCLUSIONSThe impact of greater demands in a climate of decreasing health care resources is perceived by CRAs as having a negative affect on accrual. Consequently, the important process of translating potentially beneficial basic research findings into clinical practice is slowed. Cancer 2002;95:1577–83. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10862
Factors that influence the recruitment of patients to Phase III studies in oncology
Authors: Wright James R. , Crooks Dauna , Ellis Peter M. , Mings Deborah , Whelan Tim J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe multiple determinants of a patient's decision to enter into a clinical trial have been explored largely from the perspectives of patients and their physicians. Little research has involved clinical research associates (CRAs) formally, despite their central role in the process of recruitment. The current study was initiated to explore the factors that influence the decision of patients with cancer regarding clinical trial entry, specifically from the perspective of the CRA.METHODSTwo focus groups of CRAs from the Hamilton Regional Cancer Center were organized. A skilled facilitator guided both groups through exploratory and subsequent confirmatory phases of discussions, which were audiotaped for review and coding using a process of consensus employing intercoder triangulation.RESULTSThe two groups identified a number of factors that they believed influenced the recruitment process. Numerous physician and patient factors were reaffirmed, such as the impression of the scientific merit of a study or the sense of personal benefit, respectively. More uniquely, CRAs identified information transfer within the informed consent process as a major aspect of their specialized role. It was believed that full disclosure of information, in terms of both the content and the techniques and styles of delivery, was an important predictor of recruitment success. The groups quickly reached consensus on which factors they believed were the most important overall with respect to influencing study recruitment.CONCLUSIONSCRAs appear to have a unique role in the process of recruiting patients to active clinical trials. They believe that they have an important influence on recruitment success. Further research to validate this impression is required, because, ultimately, a greater understanding of the relative roles of physician and patient factors and, potentially, CRA factors will be important in the development of ethical and supportive strategies to optimize the recruitment of patients with cancer into randomized clinical trials. Cancer 2002;95:1584–91. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10864
Estrogen receptor‐beta colocalizes extensively with parvalbumin‐labeled inhibitory neurons in the cortex, amygdala, basal forebrain, and hippocampal formation of intact and ovariectomized adult rats
Authors: Blurton‐Jones Mathew , Tuszynski Mark H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEstrogen has been reported to regulate the activity of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons within the hippocampus, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus of adult rodents. Although estrogen receptor‐alpha bearing GABAergic interneurons have been identified previously, the neurotransmitter phenotype of cells that express the more recently characterized estrogen receptor‐beta (ER‐β) has not been examined in vivo. We, therefore, have used fluorescent immunohistochemistry to further characterize the phenotype of ER‐β–bearing cells by double labeling for the GABAergic‐associated calcium‐binding protein, parvalbumin (PV). We find that a large proportion of ER‐β–immunoreactive cells within the cortex, amygdala, basal forebrain, and hippocampal formation of intact and ovariectomized (ovx) adult rats are PV‐immunoreactive. Within the infralimbic, agranular insular, primary motor, parietal association, perirhinal, and lateral entorhinal cortices, an average of 95.6% ± 0.8% (intact) and 94.5% ± 1.4% (ovx) of all ER‐β–immunoreactive cells coexpress parvalbumin, and this proportion is strikingly similar across these diverse cortical regions. ER‐β/PV double‐labeled cells represent 23.3% ± 1.6% (intact) and 25.8% ± 2.0% (ovx) of all PV‐labeled cells within these regions. ER‐β/PV double‐labeled cells are also observed within the lateral, accessory basal, and posterior cortical nuclei of the amygdala, and periamygdaloid cortex. Within the basal forebrain, 31.0% ± 3.1% (intact) and 26.0% ± 5.2 % (ovx) of ER‐β–immunoreactive cells coexpress PV. Almost all ER‐β–immunoreactive cells within the subiculum, a major output region of the hippocampal formation, double label for PV (intact = 97.2% ± 2.8%; ovx = 100% ± 0.0%). Thus, ER‐β exhibits extensive colocalization with a subclass of inhibitory neurons, suggesting a potential mechanism whereby estrogen can regulate neuronal excitability in diverse and broad brain regions by modulating inhibitory tone. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:276–287, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drugmart: Heroin epidemics as complex adaptive systems
Authors: Agar Michael H. , Wilson Dwight 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIllicit drug epidemics are infamous for their unexpected arrival and their speed of onset. Based on ethnographic work with youthful heroin experimenters in the Baltimore metropolitan area, an explanation was constructed based on circulating stories of drug reputation. An agent‐based model was built in SWARM to evaluate the explanation with good and bad stories about the drug passed among agents, which changed their initial attitudes. On repeated runs with different initial attitudes the model shows wide variation in outcomes and a dampening effect of increased social connections, contrary to epidemiologic expectations. The conclusion spells out implications for drug intervention and social research that relies on single case studies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel apoptosis research method with imaging‐combined flow cytometer and HITC or IR‐125 staining
Authors: Wang Fu‐sheng , Kubota Fumio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe most commonly used methods for apoptotic research include terminal transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling, annexin V testing of phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner leaflet to the outer plasma membrane by flow cytometry, DNA electrophoresis, and cell morphology. These methods provide apoptotic information from different aspects. To find a new way in apoptosis research and potential clinical application, we recently developed a novel method with an imaging‐combined flow cytometer (IFC) and an innovative cell staining process by using 2‐[7‐(1,3‐dihydro‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐2H‐indol‐2‐ylidene)‐1,3,5‐heptatrienyl]‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indolium iodide (HITC) and 2‐[7‐[1,3‐dihydro‐1,1‐dimethyl‐3‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐2H‐benz[e]indol‐2‐ylidene]‐1,3,5‐heptatrienyl]‐1,1‐dimethyl‐3‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐1H‐benz[e]indolium hydroxide, inner salt, sodium salt (IR‐125). The IFC used in the research is a new generation of cytometry designed for simultaneous observations of cell populations and images. This is possible because the IFC is equipped with dual laser beams, one argon and one infrared. A promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL‐60, was used in the research. The cells were stained with our newly developed HITC or IR‐125 staining method and a traditional nucleic acid dye, propidium iodide. The cells stained with HITC or IR‐125 appeared completely dark in the IFC image window before washing. Phosphate buffered saline wash did not change the cell appearance. A wash with 50% methanol caused the cells to have a clear cell image with bright nuclei on the IFC. To obtain apoptotic cells, we treated the HL‐60 cells with 0.15 μM of camptothecin (CAM), a topoisomerase I inhibitor and experimental apoptosis inducer, for 4 h. The control showed larger round cells with bright nuclei and one to three dark nucleoli. The CAM‐induced apoptotic cells were smaller, with fragmented and condensed nuclei on the IFC. These appearances were identical to the cell morphology of with light and electron microscopy. We used other methods including FACScan and DNA electrophoresis to confirm the apoptotic changes after CAM treatment and compared them with the IFC method. In addition, we found that the novel method with the IFC and HITC or IR‐125 staining can show not only cell apoptotic changes but also peripheral blood cell populations and images simultaneously. This study suggests many potential applications of the IFC and this novel staining method in other cellular biological researches and clinical assays. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:267–274, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.