bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An infrastructure‐less peer‐to‐peer framework for mobile handheld devices
Authors: Bisignano Mario , Di Modica Giuseppe , Tomarchio Orazio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMobile handheld devices are becoming more and more widely common among users. Their increasing computing and storage capabilities together with the widespreading of new wireless communication technologies, enable these devices for new and useful applications. The peer‐to‐peer (P2P) paradigm, which has recently experienced a wide diffusion among internet users, seems to be very well suited to effectively support mobile applications. However, several questions arise when trying to develop such systems: existing solutions do not address all the requirements of these mobile environments. In this paper, we present a framework to develop mobile applications that exploits the P2P paradigm: it is designed to work on Java micro edition (J2ME) enabled mobile devices, interacting each other in an ad hoc fashion. One of the key features is to be interoperable with JXTA, a well‐known P2P open platform, by extending the advantages of P2P computing to mobile computing environments. A simple but effective example of application is also provided showing the viability of the designed framework. Copyright © 2004 AEI
Validity and extension of the SCS‐CN method for computing infiltration and rainfall‐excess rates
Authors: Mishra Surendra Kumar , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA criterion is developed for determining the validity of the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS‐CN) method. According to this criterion, the existing SCS‐CN method is found to be applicable when the potential maximum retention, S, is less than or equal to twice the total rainfall amount. The criterion is tested using published data of two watersheds. Separating the steady infiltration from capillary infiltration, the method is extended for predicting infiltration and rainfall‐excess rates. The extended SCS‐CN method is tested using 55 sets of laboratory infiltration data on soils varying from Plainfield sand to Yolo light clay, and the computed and observed infiltration and rainfall‐excess rates are found to be in good agreement. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robert E. Horton's perceptual model of infiltration processes
Authors: Beven Keith 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRobert E. Horton is best known as the originator of the infiltration excess overland flow concept for storm hydrograph analysis and prediction, which, in conjunction with the unit hydrograph concept, provided the foundation for engineering hydrology for several decades. Although these concepts, at least in their simplest form, have been largely superseded, a study of Horton's archived scientific papers reveals that his perceptual model of infiltration processes and appreciation of scale problems in modelling were far more sophisticated and complete than normally presented in hydrological texts. His understanding of surface controls on infiltration remain relevant today. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interaction between corporate rescue and labour legislation: lessons to be drawn from the South African experience
Authors: Loubser Anneli 
Published: November 2004

AbstractOne of the main advantages of a successful corporate rescue is that it prevents or at least limits the job losses caused by a business failure. For this reason, labour legislation which is designed to protect the employees of a company in the event of its winding‐up, should take cognisance of the effects such legislation may have on any rescue attempts. As the recent experience in South Africa has shown, ignoring corporate rescue in legislation dealing with labour law in the context of the winding‐up of a company may have the unintended effect of seriously hampering any corporate rescue attempt. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordinated expression of myosin heavy chains, metabolic enzymes, and morphological features of porcine skeletal muscle fiber types
Authors: Quiroz‐Rothe Eugenio , Rivero José‐Luis L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCombined methodologies of electrophoresis, immunoblots, immunohistochemistry, histochemistry, and photometric image analysis were applied to characterize porcine skeletal muscle fibers according to their myosin heavy chain (MyHC) composition, and to determine on a fiber‐to‐fiber basis the correlation between contractile [MyHC (s), myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase), and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) isoforms], metabolic [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activities, glycogen, and phospholamban (PLB) contents], and morphological [cross‐sectional area (CSA), capillary, and nuclear densities] features of individual myofibers. An accurate delineation of MyHC‐based fiber types was obtained with the immunohistochemical method developed. This protocol showed a high sensitivity and objectivity to delineate hybrid fibers with overwhelming dominance of one MyHC isoform. The phenotypic differences in contractile, metabolic, and morphological properties seen between fiber types were related with MyHC content. Slow fibers had the lowest mATPase activity (related to shortening velocity), the highest SDH activity (oxidative capacity), the lowest GPDH activity (glycolytic metabolism), and glycogen content, the smallest CSA, the greatest capillary, and nuclear densities, and expressed slow SERCA isoform and PLB, but not the fast SERCA isoform. The reverse pattern was true for pure IIB fibers, whereas type IIA and IIX fibers had intermediate properties. Hybrid fibers had mean values intermediate in‐between their respective pure phenotypes. Discrimination of myofibers according to their MyHC content was possible on the basis of their contractile and non‐contractile profiles. These intrafiber interrelationships suggest that myofibers of control pigs exhibit a high degree of co‐ordination in their physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features. This study may well be a useful baseline for future work on the pig meat industry and also offers new prospects for muscle fiber typing in porcine experimental studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 65:43–61, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of in situ perfusion‐fixed avian liver, with special reference to structure of the sinusoids
Authors: Ghoddusi Majid , Kelly W. Roger 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBroiler chicken and laying hen livers were fixed using a simple technique of in situ puncture perfusion of cacodylate‐buffered fixative, which allowed characterisation of the fine structure of hepatic parenchyma, hepatocytes, bile ductules, and, in particular, the sinusoidal cells including endothelial, Kupffer, and Ito cells. Sinusoidal endothelial cells with their bulging perinuclear cytoplasm, evident in both transmission and scanning electron micrographs, were easily distinguishable from Kupffer cells, which possessed numerous pseudopodia. Bile ductular epithelium and hepatocytes of the laying hens contained large amounts of lipid. The ultrastructural characteristics of intercalated cells (putative extra‐sinusoidal macrophages of chicken liver) are described and their possible role as precursors of Kupffer cells is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 65:101–111, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of Chemically Tethered Binary Polymer‐Brush Pattern through Two‐Step Surface‐Initiated Atomic‐Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zhou Feng , Jiang Lei , Liu Weimin , Xue Qunji 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: The communication provides a novel and alternative route to generate chemically tethered binary polymer‐brush pattern through two‐step surface‐initiated atomic‐transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). Polymer brush‐1 was prepared by SI‐ATRP, passivated by a reaction with NaN3, and etched with UV irradiation through a transmission electron microscopy grid to create exposed sites for the subsequently attached initiator on which polymer brush‐2 was grown.Schematic representation of the resultant binary polymer brush patterns.imageSchematic representation of the resultant binary polymer brush patterns.
A quasi‐static boundary value problem in multi‐surface elastoplasticity: part 2—numerical solution
Authors: Brokate Martin , Carstensen Carsten , Valdman Jan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMulti‐yield elastoplasticity models a material with more than one plastic state and hence allows for refined approximation of irreversible deformations. Aspects of the mathematical modelling and a proof of unique existence of weak solutions can be found in part I of this paper (Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 2004). In this part II we establish a canonical time–space discretization of the evolution problem and present various algorithms for the solving really discrete problems. Based on a global Newton–Raphson solver, we carefully study and solve elementwise inner iterations. Numerical examples illustrate the model and its flexibility to allow for refined hysteresis curves. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloned pre‐implantation mouse embryos show correct timing but altered levels of gene expression
Authors: Sebastiano Vittorio , Gentile Luca , Garagna Silvia , Alberto Redi Carlo , Zuccotti Maurizio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMammalian embryos obtained by somatic nuclear transfer (NT) struggle to survive throughout development, encountering a number of hurdles leading to wrong functional reprogramming of the donor genome. However, despite these obstacles, some of these embryos continue their development, as if the required transcriptional functions are somehow satisfied. The amount of information gathered on the kinetics and quantitative profile of gene expression in NT pre‐implantation embryos is still scarce and limited to a handful of genes described in two species, bovine and mouse. Using a single‐cell sensitive semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR, we have compared the onset and profile of abundance of Hprt, Tsx, Bex1, Bax, Cpt2, and Oct4 genes, in in vitro fertilised and NT‐derived mouse 1‐cell, 2‐cell, 4‐cell embryos, morulae, and blastocysts. The genes analysed were activated in NT embryos at approximately the correct time compared to control embryos, indicating that the reprogramming phenomenon is developmentally regulated and that the somatic genome is quickly rearranged towards an embryonic‐type of expression during the early stages of segmentation. Despite the right timing of genes onset, the high degree of variability in the number of transcripts found in NT embryos at the latest stages of pre‐implantation development, suggests that genome reprogramming is incomplete and inaccurate. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 146–154, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic nuclear protein pattern and chromatin condensation in the male germ cells of a tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina
Authors: Suphamungmee Worawit , Apisawetakan Somjai , Weerachatyanukul Wattana , Wanichanon Chaitip , Sretarugsa Prapee , Poomtong Tanes , Sobhon Prasert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe basic nuclear proteins (BNPs) in spermatozoa of a tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina, were composed of a majority of protamine‐like (PL) protein and a small amount of histones H1 and H4. Abalone H1 and PL proteins exhibited strong immunological cross reactivities among themselves as well as with chick H5 and calf thymus H1. Thus, all these proteins may belong to the same family. Immunolocalization by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that H1 and H4 were present in all steps of the male germ cells, however, with decreasing amount in late stage cells, particularly spermatids and spermatozoa. On the other hand, PL was present in middle step cells (secondary spermatocytes) with increasing amount in spermatids and spermatozoa when the chromatin became tightly packed. Thus, PL may be involved in the condensation of chromatin in the spermatozoa of this species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 211–221, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MEK inhibitors block AICAR‐induced maturation in mouse oocytes by a MAPK‐independent mechanism
Authors: LaRosa Cean , Downs Stephen M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe present study was carried out to assess the possible role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the meiosis‐inducing action of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐ribofuranoside (AICAR). Cumulus cell‐enclosed oocytes (CEO) or denuded oocytes (DO) from immature, eCG‐primed mice were cultured 4 hr in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing dbcAMP plus increasing concentrations of AICAR or okadaic acid (OA). OA is a phosphatase inhibitor known to stimulate both meiotic maturation and MAPK activation and served as a positive control. Both OA and AICAR were potent inducers of meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes and brought about the phosphorylation (and thus, activation) of MAPK, but by different kinetics: MAPK phosphorylation preceded GVB in OA‐treated oocytes, while that resulting from AICAR treatment appeared only after GVB. The MEK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, blocked the meiotic resumption induced by AICAR but not that induced by OA. Although the MEK inhibitors suppressed MAPK phosphorylation in both OA‐ and AICAR‐treated oocytes, meiotic resumption was not causally linked to MAPK phosphorylation in either group. Furthermore, AICAR‐induced meiotic resumption in Mos‐null oocytes (which are unable to stimulate MAPK) was also abrogated by PD98059 treatment. A non‐specific effect of the MEK inhibitors on AICAR accessibility to the oocyte was discounted by showing that they failed to suppress either nucleoside uptake or AICAR‐stimulated phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), a substrate of AMPK. The suppression of AICAR‐induced maturation by MEK inhibitors must, therefore, be occurring by actions unrelated to MEK stimulation of MAPK; consequently, it would be prudent to consider this possible non‐specific action of the inhibitors when they are used to block MAPK activation in mouse oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 70: 235–245, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dendrons and dendritic catalysts immobilized on solid support: Synthesis and dendritic effects in catalysis
Authors: Dahan Adi , Portnoy Moshe 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDendrimers, the aesthetically beautiful macromolecules displaying a variety of potentially useful architecture‐induced properties, are traditionally assembled in solution. However, since 1988, a number of dendritic structures have been assembled on insoluble organic and inorganic polymers, and thus dendronized supports have been formed. One of the major applications of these new materials is in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Supported dendritic catalytic systems, bearing the catalytic units on the dendron periphery, have been examined in the last 5 years in such reactions as hydroformylation, Heck and other Pd‐catalyzed CC bond formations, oxidation, and enantioselective addition to aldehydes. In the majority of these studies, substantial dendritic effects on the reactivity, selectivity, or recyclability of the catalysts were observed. Although a number of factors have been suggested as sources of the effects, it is most likely that the phenomenon has a multicomponent origin. Additional research, including a full determination of the effects and their causes, is likely to lead to markedly better heterogeneous catalytic systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 235–262, 2005
Management system failures identified in incidents investigated by the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
Authors: Blair Angela S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA key mission of the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is to determine the root causes of incidents, report the findings, and issue recommendations to prevent similar incidents from occurring. CSB investigators respond to a variety of events occurring in a wide range of workplaces, from chemical plants and refineries to food‐flavoring factories and steel mills.The details of each investigation are unique and the root causes are pertinent to each specific case. However, a common thread that emerges in CSB investigations is the inadequacy of management systems that might have prevented the incident from occurring. Examples of the systemic issues identified in CSB reports are:

Lack of hazard review to predict and prevent incidents
Insufficient investigation and follow‐up after previous incidents
Inadequate training of staff
Failure to implement effective mechanical integrity programs
These issues are well recognized as elements of a process safety management (PSM) program, although many incidents investigated by the CSB occurred at facilities that are not regulated by OSHA's process safety management rule.1 Indeed, a number of these incidents occurred at facilities that are well outside society's definition of “chemical plants.”Please note that the opinions and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2004
Natural gas pipeline accident consequence analysis
Authors: Metropolo P.L. , Brown A.E.P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIndustrial licensing activities require safety and environmental studies to enhance safety and environmental protection especially as applied to pipelines. After World War II, industrial activities increased and accident risk analyses are now routinely made to reduce hazards. Most common accidents such as toxic emissions, fires, and explosions must be avoided. The risk analysis technique is used to prevent these undesired events. In this paper, accident scenarios and consequence analysis are conducted to investigate events and consequences concerning a natural gas (NG) pipeline. We found that fatalities can occur within a 260‐m radius if there is a gas pipeline collapse. At distances < 30 m, injuries can occur as a result of thermal radiation exposure to the jet fire. Secondary effects from gas explosions will also occur within these distances. These results demonstrate the importance of (1) routing pipelines away from populated areas and (2) preventive maintenance to prevent leaks. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2004
Unplanned shutdowns plus lack of knowledge equals incidents
Authors: Ness Albert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTwo incidents and a near miss, each precipitated by an unplanned shutdown, are reviewed. In every case, a lack of understanding of the process control and/or chemistry led to an uncontrolled reaction that resulted in process equipment damage and, in one case, injured several people. The incidents are described in detail, and some general lessons and recommendations are drawn from them. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2004
On calculations of correlated wave functions with heavy configurational mixing
Authors: Nicolaides Cleanthes A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe discuss aspects of the theory and computation of wave functions and energies of discrete states of polyelectronic atoms that are represented in zero order by configurations with holes in subshells below the valence subshell. Both in zero order and in the remaining correlation components, such wave functions have particularities stemming from the state‐specific self‐consistent field and the heavy configurational mixing associated with near‐degeneracies and hole‐filling correlations. By referring to a variety of examples from small‐ and large‐scale calculations, it is noted that appropriate penetration into the many‐body problem can provide, in an economic and physically transparent way, reliable interpretations and semi‐ and fully quantitative understanding of issues related to states with inner holes and to cases of near‐degeneracies that result in strongly correlated wave functions. Whenever hole‐filling correlations are allowed, multiple correlations (i.e., beyond single‐ and double‐orbital substitutions in the single reference configuration) acquire increased importance relative to that in ordinary electronic structures. This is demonstrated via large‐scale multiconfigurational Hartree–Fock (MCHF) plus configuration interaction (CI) calculations on the Cl KL3s3p6 2S discrete state, which is the lowest of its symmetry. The calculations incorporated correlations up to selected sextuple orbital excitations from the M shell. MCHF plus CI calculations at the level of quadruple orbital substitutions were also carried out for the Cl KL3s23p5 2Po ground state and the excitation energy at this level of calculation was found to be 85,364 cm−1, in excellent agreement with the experimental value of the fine‐structure‐weighted average, 85,385 cm−1 (10.59 eV). Within the approximations of the calculation, the hole‐filling triple and quadruple orbital correlations, which, of course, are absent from the 2Po state, contribute about 1 eV, which is significant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Was und wie? Effektivität und Effizienz verschiedener OpRisk‐Management‐Alternativen
Authors: Kaiser Thomas 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUngeachtet der Wichtigkeit des Controllings Operationeller Risiken (OpRisk) sollte die Hauptzielsetzung analog zu den übrigen Risiko‐Arten immer das Risikomanagement im weiteren Sinne (dessen Bestandteil das Controlling darstellt) sein. Dabei geht es darum, unter Einsatz effektiver und unter Kostengesichtspunkten effizienter Maßnahmen das Risiko‐Profil eines Bereiches oder der Gesamtbank in Übereinstimmung mit der strategisch verankerten Risiko‐Neigung zu bringen. Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Management‐Alternativen beschrieben, die in Abhängigkeit der Zielsetzung eingesetzt werden können.
Wechselspiel. Kennen Sie den Einfluss von IT‐Projekten auf Ihr Risikomanagement?
Authors: Simon Anja 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIT‐Projekte gehören zweifellos zu den innovativsten Projekten mit einer nicht zu verachtenden Wirkung auf das Kostenbudget einerseits und einer leider oftmals viel zu wenig beachteten Wirkung auf das gesamte Unternehmen andererseits. Neue Systeme stellen nicht nur an die User und an den Service neue Anforderungen, sondern ziehen neben einem Kulturwandel auch ein gewisses Änderungspotenzial im Risikomanagement des Unternehmens nach sich.
Den Stein ins Rollen bringen. Sarbanes‐Oxley bei der Xerox GmbH Deutschland
Authors: Jessenberger Jutta , Zimmermann Gundolf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDie beiden Ziele des im Juli 2002 vom amerikanischen Kongress verabschiedeten Sarbanes‐Oxley‐Acts (SOA) — Sicherstellung korrekter Veröffentlichungen (Section 302) sowie Vorhandensein und Testat eines internen Kontrollsystems (Section 404) — haben auf die Xerox GmbH als (mittelbare) Tochter eines USamerikanischen Unternehmens beträchtliche Auswirkungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt das bei der Xerox GmbH durchgeführte Projekt zur Einführung des internen Kontrollsystems nach Section 404 vor. Dabei werden die Herausforderungen beschrieben, die sich durch die anfängliche Unsicherheit in Bezug auf den notwendigen Dokumentationsumfang, die Xerox‐Konzernstruktur sowie die knappen Zeitvorgaben ergaben sowie die gefundenen Lösungswege dargestellt. Den Abschluss bildet ein Ausblick auf den in der Zukunft notwendigen Prozess zur Erfüllung der SOA‐Kriterien, seine Auswirkung auf das operative Geschäft und seine Wirksamkeit in Bezug auf das Risikomanagement.