bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of drug provision for patients with broncho-obstructive diseases in the Russian Federation
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Linnik S. A. , Tumenko E. E. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article presents data from an analysis of drug provision for patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, both in inpatient conditions and at the stage of outpatient treatment. The object of the study was the provision of medications to patients with broncho-obstructive diseases in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The purpose of our study was to study drug provision for patients with broncho-obstructive diseases. Why the following research methods were used: purchases of medicines in federal districts and some constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2019–2022 were analyzed, the amount of funds per patient diagnosed with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was calculated. Separately, we analyzed the purchases of short- and long-acting bronchodilators, as well as mono- and combination drugs and monoclonal antibody drugs for the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. Data on drug purchases were analyzed using the website zakupki.gov.ru; information on the number of patients in federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation was taken from statistical materials of the Russian Ministry of Health. Results. We found a multiple difference between federal districts in the amount of funds per patient in both 2019 and 2022, and differentiation between federal districts also turned out to be the case when analyzing preferential drug coverage. The dynamics of the amounts of funds spent by entities on the purchase of drugs for the treatment of patients in outpatient settings turned out to be multidirectional: some entities not only did not increase these amounts in 2012 compared to 2019, but, on the contrary, decreased them. At the same time, the difference between the subjects of the same federal district reaches tenfold values. Conclusion. Patients with broncho-obstructive diseases living in different federal districts of the country have different drug coverage both in outpatient and inpatient treatment settings. To improve the drug supply for these patients, it is necessary to introduce a unified methodology for calculating the planned need for drugs and oblige the subjects to provide patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with drugs at the expense of the budgets of the subjects.
Medical support for major international sports events: a literature rewiew
Authors: Benyan A. S. , Makoveeva N. I. , Medvedchikov-Ardiia M. A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article carries out a critical review of the literature and updates the emphasis in organizing the preparation and holding of major sporting events from the point of view of a healthcare organizer.Target: to identify areas of activity that require further improvement and development in the organization of medical support for major sporting events.Materials and methods. An analysis of the available literary sources of databases was carried out: RSCI, RusMed, Pubmed, Web of Science.Results. The most pressing groups of issues for further study and solution have been identified: the uniqueness, significance and complexity of sporting events; statistics and structure of diseases and injuries; features of the structure and course of medical conditions at sports facilities and events; organizing interaction between different services within the healthcare system and interdepartmental interaction; prevention and monitoring of infectious diseases; features of training of medical personnel.Conclusion. The holding of major sporting events, in turn, is a driver for the development of the healthcare system in the host city and country. Preparing for such an event requires the creation of a vision, operational plans, targeted training of personnel and infrastructure.
Generalized Analytical Solutions of Vertically Fractured Wells in Commingled Reservoirs: Field Case Study
Authors: Wei Cao , Li Haitao , Luo Hongwen , Li Ying , Cheng Shiqing 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Accurate identification of the individual-layer parameters for vertically fractured wells in commingled reservoirs is essential for development plan design, reservoir numerical simulation, and stimulation measure selection. Different semi-analytical and numerical models are generally applied in multilayer transient testing (MLT) analysis to determine the properties of individual layer. However, these approaches require numerous computations and are complicated to program due to the fracture and reservoir discretization. This work thus presents the generalized analytical solutions of vertically fractured wells in infinite, closed, or constant-pressure commingled reservoirs with both computational and functional simplicity. The fully analytical solutions are derived based on the early-time approximate solutions of infinite-conductivity fracture and trilinear flow models, infinite-conductivity fracture solutions, pressure superposition principle, and Duhamel principle. A systematic verification by employing a standardized well testing software and trilinear flow model is conducted to ensure the general application accuracy of the presented solutions. The results show that the developed analytical solutions are valid when the dimensionless fracture conductivity is more than 2 (FcD &gt; 2) with an average absolute percent deviation (AAD) of ~2% for pressure and that is ~4% for pressure derivative. The developed analytical solutions also exhibit improvements in early-time pressure and derivative calculation. Finally, a field case of a four-layer fractured well is interpreted by the developed solutions and well testing software to illustrate the feasibility. The interpretation results of two methods are nearly identical, with only a minor difference. The developed analytical solutions are computationally accurate while maintaining functional simplicity and can be considered as an alternative to the current semi-analytical and numerical approaches in MLT analysis.
Electrically empowered microcomb laser
Authors: Ling Jingwei , Gao Zhengdong , Xue Shixin , Hu Qili , Li Mingxiao , Zhang Kaibo , Javid Usman , Lopez-Rios Raymond , Staffa Jeremy , Lin Qiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Optical frequency comb underpins a wide range of applications from communication, metrology, to sensing. Its development on a chip-scale platform -- so called soliton microcomb -- provides a promising path towards system miniaturization and functionality integration via photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology. Although extensively explored in recent years, challenges remain in key aspects of microcomb such as complex soliton initialization, high threshold, low power efficiency, and limited comb reconfigurability. Here we present an on-chip laser that directly outputs microcomb and resolves all these challenges, with a distinctive mechanism created from synergetic interaction among resonant electro-optic effect, optical Kerr effect, and optical gain inside the laser cavity. Realized with integration between a III-V gain chip and a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) PIC, the laser is able to directly emit mode-locked microcomb on demand with robust turnkey operation inherently built in, with individual comb linewidth down to 600 Hz, whole-comb frequency tuning rate exceeding 2.4×1017 Hz/s, and 100% utilization of optical power fully contributing to comb generation. The demonstrated approach unifies architecture and operation simplicity, high-speed reconfigurability, and multifunctional capability enabled by TFLN PIC, opening up a great avenue towards on-demand generation of mode-locked microcomb that is expected to have profound impact on broad applications.
Influence of waste polyethylene/WCO composite on physical and chemical properties of asphalt
Authors: Gan Zhengxu , Chen Meizhu , Zhang Jianwei , Hu Jinxuan , Jiang Qi , Zhang Yunlong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The use of waste polyethylene (WPE) in modified asphalt is frequently employed to reduce environmental pollution and improve asphalt properties. However, research has shown that using WPE alone as a modifier does not effectively enhance the low-temperature flexibility of asphalt. This study aims to investigate the potential of utilizing WPE and waste cooking oil (WCO) as composite modifiers to enhance the properties of virgin asphalt under both high and low-temperature conditions. The contents of WPE and WCO used, and the preparation process for the modified asphalt were optimized through an orthogonal experiment. The test results indicate that the optimal comprehensive properties of WPE/WCO composite modified asphalt (WPE/WCO-A) is attained when the mass ratio of WPE and WCO was 8% and 1% of virgin asphalt, respectively, and after a maintenance process at a temperature of 140 ℃ and a duration of 2 h. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) results reveal that WPE/WCO composite modifier can greatly improve the high-temperature deformation resistance of asphalt. Bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests confirm that WPE adversely affects the low-temperature flexibility of asphalt, while the addition of WCO can improve it. WPE/WCP-A has even better low-temperature properties than VA. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) results suggest that physical action is the main method of modification for WPE/WCO-A. Furthermore, the fluorescence microscopy test results demonstrate that WCO can promote WPE swelling in asphalt. This study offers a novel approach to improving the comprehensive properties of asphalt through composite modification using WPE and WCO.
Zoning the risk of transporting phytoplankton blooms from multiple reservoirs to the primary drinking water intake in Uruguay
Authors: Zabaleta Bernardo , Achkar Marcel , Aubriot Luis 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms pose potential health and economic risks when they reach drinking water intakes. In basins with intensive agricultural production, there are numerous small and medium-sized (0.25-60 ha) productive freshwater reservoirs. These reservoirs create favorable conditions for the excessive growth of phytoplankton, which can be transported downstream after heavy rainfall events. These environments have been identified as potential sources of cyanobacterial inoculum in Uruguay's main drinking water intake, located in the Santa Lucía River Basin. To pinpoint areas with the highest risk of cyanobacterial biomass export, this study integrated chlorophyll-a concentration monitoring in 325 reservoirs using Sentinel-2 satellite images, along with meteorological and structural information from the reservoirs. An Export Index (EI) for biomass was developed, and spatial distribution patterns were explored through geostatistical and multivariate analyses. According to the EI, the western and southern zones, characterized by intensive agricultural land uses such as dairy farming and horticulture, were the most at risk for biomass export. Conversely, the northeastern zone exhibited the lowest risk, aligning with extensive cattle ranching practices associated with low nutrient export to aquatic systems. This study marks the initial effort to assess the risk of transporting cyanobacterial inoculum from numerous reservoirs to Uruguay's primary drinking water intake, providing valuable input for the development of early warning systems for the occurrences of cyanobacterial blooms.
A Machine Learning Protocol to Directly Translate Molecular Infrared or Raman Spectra into Molecular Formula
Authors: Hu Wei , Hu Tianqing , Li Bo , Zou Zihan , Zhu Tong , Zhang Yujin , Jiang Jun , Luo Yi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Molecular recognition usually adopts the molecular spectra library matching or the simulation-based ‘trial-and-error’ strategies. However, these two methods are largely limited by the low coverage rate, high construction cost and the time-consuming process. Here we developed TranSpec, a deep learning model based on the convolutional neural networks and multi-head attention mechanism, to directly ‘translate’ the molecular vibrational spectra into the simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) representations. Taking the QM9S dataset that includes the quantum chemistry simulated spectra of 130K molecules as the benchmark, we have demonstrated the greedy search (generating only one SMILES) can precisely identify 90%-100% functional groups, and provide about 60% correct SMILES based on the infrared (IR) or Raman spectra. To enhance the translation accuracy, we proposed several strategies such as leveraging the packed IR and Raman spectra as input, employing threshold search to generate more SMILES candidates, and filtering with the molecular mass. Finally, we demonstrated that TranSpec has good transferability through translation experimental infrared spectra and found that threshold searches (generating top 1 and top 10 SMILES candidates) correctly identified 21.8% and 55.9% of the molecules, respectively. The proposed TranSpec realized the direct interpretation of molecule spectra and paved a promising way to achieve fast and real-time molecular recognition.
Long-term continuous cropping induced phenolic acid accumulation, acidification and microbial deterioration in greenhouse-based strawberry soil
Authors: tongyi yang , Zou Xinjue , Wang Xiujie , Guo Zechong , Zhao Mengdi , Jiao Huazhe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Continuous cropping (CC) can trigger drastic variations in the microenvironment of farmland soil, resulting in the development of persistent soil-borne diseases. However, the integrated influences of long-term CC on the abiotic and biotic factors of the strawberry soil have not been sufficiently characterized. In this study, variations in physico-chemical characteristics, enzymatic activities, phenolic acids and microorganisms were investigated in long-term strawberry CC soil. The results demonstrated a continuous decrease in soil pH and a first increase and then decrease in soil enzyme activities. Additionally, phenolic acid concentrations were found to accumulate. CC for 15 and 18 years resulted in a significant decrease microbial diversity, relative abundance, and the ratio of bacteria to fungi in soil. Specifically, bacterial Bacillus (Top2 genus) increased considerably in the two and five years, while fungal Fusarium (Top2 genus) decreased in the fifteen and eighteen years. Moreover, the structural equation model (SEM) provided a comprehensive insight into the effects of strawberry CC on soil conditions. The SEM revealed that the standardized regression coefficients of CC on enzyme activity, phenolic acid, bacterial and fungal communities were 0.86, 0.95, -0.39, and 0.17, respectively. In conclusion, the findings contribute to a deeper knowledge of the challenges posed by CC and provide insights for future research and agricultural management practices.
Using unfolding case studies to develop critical thinking for Graduate Entry Nursing students: An educational design research study
Authors: Macdiarmid Rachel , Merrick Eamon , Winnington Rhona 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background: Graduate Entry Nursing (GEN) programmes have been introduced as another entry point to nurse registration. In the development of a new GEN programme, a problem-based approach to learning was used to develop critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills of motivated and academically capable students.
Objective: This article reports on the experiences of both students and teaching staff of using unfolding case studies.
Methods: An educational design research approach was used to explore the learning experiences of GEN students using an unfolding case study approach situated in experiential pedagogy and the teaching experiences of the academics who designed it. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with students once they had finished the course and weekly reflective diary recordings by academic staff throughout implementation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.
Findings: Student reflections highlighted that this cohort had insight into how they learned and were comfortable voicing their needs to academic staff. While the unfolding case studies were not liked by all participants, for some it offered a unique learning opportunity; particularly when scaffolded with podcasts, simulation labs, tutorials and clinical placements. Staff reflections primarily aligned with student experiences.
Conclusion: The gaps highlighted in the delivery of the course suggest that a blended pedagogical approach to graduate entry nurse education is required. Specifically, GEN students are aware of the learning needs and are happy to express these to academic staff, thus suggesting that engaging with a co-design curriculum approach will benefit future cohorts.
Physiotherapeutic Management of a Sitting Program for Subjects with Altered Consciousness: A Case Series
Authors: Candoni Gerardo , Lecuona Daniela , Troia Carolina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background/Objective: The verticalization of subjects with altered consciousness through a standing table or sitting generates improvements in their behavior, wakefulness, and level of consciousness. The objective of this study was to describe the physiotherapeutic management of a verticalization program for subjects with altered consciousness in acute and subacute stages.Methods Subjects with a diagnosis of altered consciousness and fluent in Spanish were included, while those with missing 20% of data were excluded. A sitting program was conducted for 30 minutes a day for 10 days, measuring the change in the level of consciousness using the Revised Coma Scale and monitoring adverse effects.Results Out of the eight subjects included in the study, seven exhibited improvements in their level of consciousness, with only one subject experiencing adverse effects during the sitting program. One subject was eliminated from the study due to incomplete data.Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive description of the physiotherapeutic management of a verticalization program for subjects with altered consciousness during the acute and subacute stages. The majority of included subjects demonstrated an improvement in their level of consciousness.
Effect of different physical activity interventions on perinatal depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Shuai Yu , Wu Jinlong , Li Chenmu , Li Dong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Perinatal depression can have profound impacts on both families and society. Exercise therapy is gradually becoming a widely used adjunct treatment for perinatal depression. Some studies have already focused on the relationship between physical activity and perinatal depression (PND). However, there is currently a lack of systematic and comprehensive evidence to address the crucial question of making optimal choices among different forms of physical activity. This study aims to compare and rank different physical activity intervention strategies and identify the most effective one for perinatal depression.
Methods
Four databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of physical activity interventions on perinatal depression. The search covered the period from the inception of the databases until June 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1.
Results
A total of 45 studies were included in the analysis. The results indicate that relaxation therapy has the most effective outcome in reducing perinatal depression (SUCRA = 96.6%). Following that is mind-body exercise (SUCRA = 73.8%). Traditional aerobics and aquatic sports were also effective interventions (SUCRA = 70.1% and 67.6%, respectively).
Conclusion
Our study suggests that integrated mental and physical (MAP) training such as relaxation therapy and mind-body exercise show better performance in reducing perinatal depression. Additionally, while exercise has proven to be effective, the challenge lies in finding ways to encourage people to maintain a consistent exercise routine.
Trial registration
Registration and protocol CRD 42023469537.
Trial registration
This study has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42023469537).
Atmospheric circulation to constrain subtropical precipitation projections
Authors: Chemke Rei , Yuval Janni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Accurately assessing future precipitation changes is one of the largest challenges of climate change. A leading source of uncertainty in precipitation predictions stems from potential fu10 ture changes in atmospheric circulation1, 2. Specifically, in the tropics, changes in the Hadley circulation are expected to considerably affect precipitation in dry subtropical and wet equatorial regions3–6. However, while climate models project a robust weakening of the Northern Hemisphere circulation in the coming decades1, 7, currently, we have low confidence in the magnitude of such weakening and its impact on regional precipitation patterns1. Here, using emergent constraint analyses and observed-based Hadley circulation strength changes8, we show that the Hadley circulation is expected to undergo substantially stronger weakening in the coming decades, relative to current predictions. The more robust projected weakening of the flow is found to yield more than a doubling of subtropical precipitation increase than currently forecasted, while it implies a weaker future increase in equatorial precipitation. Our findings not only diminish the uncertainty surrounding tropical circulation and precipitation projections but also suggest that the dry Northern Hemisphere subtropics, currently projected to get drier, might, in fact, get wetter in the coming decades.
LCC-based approach for design and requirement specification for railway track system
Authors: Famurewa Stephen Mayowa , Kirilmaz Elias , Chamkhorami Khosro Soleimani , Kasraei Ahmad , Garmabaki Amir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is an important tool for effective infrastructure management. It is an essential decision support methodology for selection, design, development, construction, and maintenance of railway infrastructure system. Effective implementation of LCC analysis will assure cost-effective operation of railways from both investment and life-cycle perspectives. A major setback in the successful implementation of LCC by infrastructure managers is the availability of relevant, reliable, and structured data. Different cost estimation methods and prediction models have been developed to deal with this challenge. However, there is a need to integrate prediction models as an integral part of LCC methodology to account for possible changes in the model variables. This article presents an LCC based approach for requirement specification. It integrates degradation models with an LCC model to study the impact of change in design speed on key decision criteria such as track possession time, service life of track system, and LCC. The methodology is applied to an ongoing railway investment project in Sweden to investigate and quantify the impact of design speed change from 250 km/h to 320 km/h. The results from the studied degradation models show that the correction factor for a change in speed varies between 0,79 and 0,96. Using this correction factor to compensate for changes in design speed, the service life of ballasted track system is estimated to decrease by an average of 15%. Further, the LCC of the route under consideration will increase by an expected value of 30%.