bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo dynamics of galactose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Metabolic fluxes and metabolite levels
Authors: Ostergaard Simon , Olsson Lisbeth , Nielsen Jens 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dynamics of galactose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by analyzing the metabolic response of the CEN.PK 113‐7D wild‐type strain when exposed to a galactose pulse during aerobic growth in a galactose‐limited steady‐state cultivation at a dilution rate of 0.097 h−1. A fast sampling technique and subsequent methanol‐chloroform/solid phase extractions were applied for in vivo measurements of the dynamic changes of the AMP, ADP, ATP levels and the sugar phosphates of the Leloir pathway. The ATP level was found to be significantly lower for yeast growing under galactose limitation (0.37 ± 0.05 μmol/g CDW) than what has been reported for growth under glucose limitation. The galactose pulse of 5.58 mM was consumed within 40 min (t = 40) and 7 min after the pulse was added cell growth stopped. Subsequently, the cells started to grow and at t = 30 the specific growth rate had recovered to half the steady‐state growth rate (0.047 h−1). To evaluate the change in flux distribution at steady state and during the galactose transient, a stoichiometric model describing the aerobic metabolism of S. cerevisiae was set up for quantification of the metabolic fluxes. At t = 7 the flux entering the TCA cycle was low and acetate and ethanol started to be excreted to the extracellular medium. During recovery of cell growth the flux entering the TCA cycle increased again, and at t = 30 this flux exceeded the corresponding steady‐state flux. During the pulse an enhanced level of Gal‐1P was measured, which may be responsible for a toxic metabolic response in S. cerevisiae. The increase in the Gal‐1P concentration is intensified by the low affinity of Gal7 towards Gal‐1P and, hence, under the physiological conditions examined Gal7 seems to exert control over flux through the Leloir pathway. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 412–425, 2001.
Influence of anaerobic culture acclimation on the degradation kinetics of various substrates
Authors: Gavala H. N. , Lyberatos G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe adaptation of an anaerobic culture (anaerobic sludge) to a specific substrate brings significant changes to its microbial population. These changes can be described by the sludge's ability to treat various substrates such as carbohydrates or proteins or “intermediate” products of anaerobic metabolism such as L‐lactic, propionic, and acetic acids. The activity of the sludge with respect to a specific substrate is a critical parameter, because the anaerobic degradability of wastewaters depends strongly on it. This work examines and quantifies the differentiation of two anaerobic sludges of the same origin, following an adaptation period of about 18 months to lactose and gelatin, respectively. The acclimation has a significant effect on the maximum specific utilization rates of various compounds and on their apparent consumption kinetics. It is noticeable, however, that even if the anaerobic cultures were not exposed to a specific substrate for a prolonged period of time (more than a year), they still kept the ability of hydrolyzing or degrading it. In addition, the acclimation has an unquestionable effect on the stoichiometry of the production of volatile fatty acids and L‐lactate. Finally, from codigestion experiments it is shown that codigestion of lactose and gelatin appears to have no effect on their hydrolysis kinetics in any of the lactose or gelatin acclimated cultures; specifically, the hydrolysis kinetics remained the same as calculated when lactose or gelatin were the only fed substrates. Similarly, the kinetics of L‐lactate and D‐glucose biodegradation seemed to be unchanged. On the other hand, codigestion has a significant effect on the production of L‐lactic, propionic, and acetic acids, which can be attributed to the increased hydrogen production accompanying gelatin biodegradation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 181–195, 2001.
Reaction of mock jurors to testimony of a court appointed expert
Authors: Cooper Joel , Hall Joan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA study was conducted to assess the impact of court appointed experts on the judgments of mock jurors. A civil proceeding was adopted for the experiment. Mock jurors heard testimony about a plaintiff's injury in an automobile accident. In some conditions, medical testimony for the plaintiff and defendant was provided by experts hired by each side. In other conditions, a medical expert appointed by the court testified in addition to the two adversarial experts. In one of these conditions, the court expert sided with the plaintiff; in another, the expert sided with the defendant. The plaintiff in the case was always an individual. The defendant was sometimes a corporation and sometimes an individual. The results showed that mock jurors sided with the court appointed expert in every condition except when the expert favored a corporate defendant. The results were discussed in terms of heuristic processing of persuasive information. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review and update on the practice of evaluatingMirandacomprehension
Authors: Oberlander Lois B. , Goldstein Naomi E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article summarizes recent developments in constitutional law relevant to theMirandawarning. We describe the origins of the warning, concerns about the use of theMirandawarning, perspectives on the utility of the warning, and the relevance of the warning. We describe how the warning has changed over time, requirements for administering the warning, and procedures that police use in delivering the warning and obtaining confessions. We review case law relevant to “coerced”Mirandawaivers and confessions, changes over time in the court's interpretation of what constitutes “coercion,” use of the warning with special populations, and the recent focus in case law on individual factors that might impairMirandacomprehension. We review empirical research on factors associated with deficits inMirandacomprehension. We integrate case law rulings and empirical research into suggested approaches to forensic assessment ofMirandacomprehension. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compartment syndrome of the foot
Authors: Andermahr Jonas , Helling Hans Joachim , Tsironis Kostas , Rehm Klaus Emil , Koebke Jürgen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe hindfoot compartment syndrome occurs in 10% of cases after calcaneal fracture. We analyzed the pathological anatomical reasons for this syndrome using the 10 feet from cadavers plastinated and cut into 4‐mm thick sequential sections. CT scans of patients with calcaneal fractures were then compared with the anatomical findings. The key component of this compartment syndrome is the quadratus plantae muscle. The sustentacular calcaneal fragment causes bleeding from the bone or the medial calcaneal arteries into this compartment. The medial and lateral plantar nerves and vessels are then compressed between the quadratus plantae muscle and the short flexor digitorum muscle. Relieving pressure by surgical decompression of the quadratus plantae compartment via a medial or plantar approach is the recommended treatment. Clin. Anat. 14:184–189, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional cephalometry using individual skeletal laser technology models
Authors: Z'Graggen Marcel , Schiel Harald J. , Kunz Christoph , Lambrecht J. Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen planning operations on the facial skull, transversal asymmetries of the maxillo‐mandibular complex cannot be adequately assessed using conventional two‐dimensional (2D) x‐ray cephalometry. On eight patients who presented with facial skull asymmetries, a three‐dimensional (3D) laser technology model (LTM) using CT data was fabricated. Five sagittal plane points and six symmetry points were marked on the LTM, measured with the FlashPoint® 3‐D Digitizer and then geometrically converted, such that using the sagittal plane points, sella, basion, and nasion, a method could be developed that allowed the localization of each spatial point in the three symmetry planes. Thus one could quantitatively record a patient's specific facial skull asymmetry in all three planes and a 3D measurement became feasible. Based on the measurements, the asymmetry could be assessed with respect to the sagittal, vertical, and horizontal planes. With the 3‐D LTM Digitizer measuring system, the surgeon now had precise numerical information regarding the symmetry ratios of the skull at his disposal, information that would have been difficult to evaluate solely using a model analysis. The results from this study show that our measuring system is applicable and useful for complex maxillofacial asymmetries. The planning of surgical interventions was optimized because precise numerical values regarding the degree of the asymmetry were available. With the 3‐D LTM Digitizer measuring system, cephalometric analysis of complex asymmetries in the three spatial planes can be pragmatically supported. Clin. Anat. 14:258–268, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computational and experimental dynamics project for an integrated engineering curriculum
Authors: Smolinski Patrick , Hake Richard , Onipede Dipo , Miller Mark C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn experimental and computational bungee‐drop project for use in an integrated engineering curriculum is described. The project combines aspects of physics, computer programming, calculus, and engineering mechanics to model and analyze experiments. The prediction of a computer model is compared to the experimental results and the students find the sources of error. This project was used successfully in a university‐wide freshman engineering course that introduces computer programming and where example problems were taken from all engineering departments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 1–7, 2001
Package for filter design based on MATLAB
Authors: Báez‐López David , Báez‐Villegas David , Alcántara René , Romero Juan José , Escalante Tomás 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElectric filters have a relevant importance in electronic systems because they are present in almost any electronic system. For example, communication systems, as many other electric systems, make intensive use of filtering to separate unwanted noise from the desired signal. Unfortunately, filter design is an intensive computational task requiring a significant amount of numerical calculations to obtain either the parameters of a filter transfer function or the element values for a filter circuit realization. This paper describes a software package whose purpose is to provide a tool to be used as a teaching aid in analog and digital filter design courses. The feature of this package is that it uses MATLAB [2] for the numerical computations. The main advantage of the filter design software package described in this paper is that makes uses of one of the MATLAB toolboxes, the signals toolbox (which is used for analog and digital filter design), but used with an interface that makes possible even to the novice user to readily design filters, either analog or digital, without any previous knowledge of MATLAB or the signals toolbox. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 259–264, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.cae.10004
Intelligent computer aided design, analysis, optimization, and improvement of thermodynamic systems
Authors: Wu Chih , Sherrill Donald C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn intelligent computer aided instruction (ICAI) software to aid teaching, design, and optimization of thermodynamic systems is presented. The concept of articulate virtual laboratory (AVL), the role of design, the ICAI software, and the use of AVL at the US Naval Academy are described. An example is used to demonstrate that using the ICAI software is indeed an effective method to analyze and improve thermodynamic systems design. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 220–227, 2001; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10005
Computer package development: Applications to engineering education
Authors: Almajdoub Salah A. , Qamber Isa S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA well developed program that uses flow graph theory to calculate the steady state probabilities is presented in this paper. Two examples are tested, and their results are successfully obtained. The first model is a seven state model and represents two transmitters fed from a common power supply unit. The second model is an eight‐state model which represents three electric generators supplying part of State of Bahrain electrical network. The high accuracy and the time saving advantages show that the proposed method gives excellent agreement with the results obtained by the Runge‐Kutta method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 20–25, 2001
Can spreadsheet solvers solve demanding optimization problems?
Authors: Ferreira Eugénio C. , Salcedo Romualdo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPracticing engineers resort to modular simulators or to algebraic tools such as GAMS or AMPL for performing complex process optimizations. These tools, however, have a significant learning curve unless they have been introduced at the undergraduate level beforehand. In this work we show how the Solver feature of the Excel spreadsheet can be used for the optimization of a fairly complex system, i.e., a classic solvent extraction/pollution prevention with heat integration process. The specific goal was the design optimization for continuous recovery of organic solvents (VOCs) using a gas absorption tower with solvent recovery in a stripper. It is shown that the Solver feature of the Excel spreadsheet can be used to converge on local optima for these complex systems, provided proper care is taken in the solution procedure. The complexities of optimization can also be demonstrated with this tool, as can several common pitfalls encountered during optimization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 49–56, 2001
The effectiveness of a computer‐based safety programme for children with severe learning difficulties
Authors: Lee Deborah , McGee Anna , Ungar Simon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study reports the findings of a research study into the development of a safety programme for those with severe and complex learning difficulties. A full description of the study was reported in Lee et al. (1998). The aims of the study were twofold. The research was intended to fill the prevailing gap in appropriate prevention materials designed for those with severe learning difficulties. Attention was paid to the medium through which such concepts were taught and it was proposed that multimedia technology might circumvent the problems encountered when introducing personal safety to this group. The second aim was to extend knowledge of developmental concepts towards a practical and applied programme to teach safety skills. As this research involved the design and implementation of a personal safety programme for those with severe learning difficulties, the general hypothesis was that after completion of the programme, the experimental group would be significantly more able to respond to the interview vignettes. An examination of the participants' level of authority reasoning related to their performance on the safety interview was also undertaken. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who uses services for homeless people? An investigation amongst people sleeping rough in London
Authors: Fountain Jane , Howes Samantha , Marsden John , Strang John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrom a sample of 389 homeless people in London, the characteristics of those who used services for homeless people are presented and the implications for service planning and delivery explored. Staff providing services for this client group need knowledge about drug use and the confidence to work effectively with homeless drug users. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulphydryl groups involved in Na+–Li+ exchange in human erythrocytes
Authors: Romano L. , Sidoti A. , De Luca G. , Gugliotta T. , Romano P. , Scuteri A. , Amato A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOxidative stress causes cellular injury that is thought to be due to increased cytosolic cation levels. Disturbances of a variety of mechanisms which normally maintain intracellular anion/cation homeostasis, occur during oxidative stress. Reactivity of the SH‐ groups essential for oubain‐resistant Na+–Li+ exchange by N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) and selenite was studied in human erythrocytes. In addition, the reactivity of the substances on SH‐ groups and Li+ influx have been studied as a function of pH of the medium. The results show that NEM induces an irreversible inhibition of Li+ influx. It diminishes progressively with the increasing pH of the medium. Whereas we obtain increasing intracellular Li+ concentration with the rising selenite concentration in the medium. The maximum effect with this substance is reached at about pH 8.0. We can state that the ‐SH reagents (NEM and selenite) studied behave differently: NEM inhibits Li+ influx by modifying the essential SH‐groups of the membrane proteins in such a way that the exchange is reduced, whereas it maintains the Na+ permeability almost unaltered. The slight increase in intracellular Na+ induced by selenite suggests that the oxidative changes in the intracellular sulphydryl groups may constitute an important mechanism for the regulation of the intracellular cations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the living skin equivalent as a model of cutaneous re‐epithelialization
Authors: O'Leary Ronan , Arrowsmith Martin , Wood Edward J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe living skin equivalent, a three‐dimensional organotypic model, has been widely used to investigate many aspects of cutaneous biology. However, there are relatively few studies assessing how faithfully the skin equivalent reproduces normal skin biology. The skin equivalent was fabricated by seeding human epidermal keratinocytes onto the upper surface of a hydrated collagen lattice populated with human dermal fibroblasts and subsequently raised to the air–liquid interface where keratinocyte stratification and differentiation led to the formation of a tissue which showed many common morphological features to that of normal skin. Histology and immunohistochemical detection of keratinocyte integrins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were used as cytological markers to assess the accuracy of the model during cutaneous re‐epithelialization. Analysis of expression of keratinocyte integrins revealed that whilst there were a number of similarities to normal skin, skin equivalent keratinocytes appeared to be ‘activated’ and hyper‐proliferating. Wounding of the skin equivalent, by complete bisection, induced re‐epithelialization from both wound edges within 8–12 h, which completely restored the epidermis within 4 days. This migration, like that in vivo, was associated with nascent expression of MMPs and upregulation of certain integrins. However, whilst integrin expression, was similar to in vivo re‐epithelialization, there were subtle differences in the level of expression and distribution of certain integrins. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studying transfer students: Designs and methodological challenges
Authors: Kozeracki Carol A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis chapter discusses the different methodological perspectives of the research done on transfer students. Documents from the ERIC database and journal articles are used to answer the questions, Who is conducting research&quest; What methods are being used to gather information&quest; and What types of data are being collected on transfer students&quest; Finally, this chapter presents examples of studies that have implications for researchers and other stakeholders and can be adapted at the institutional level.
Evaluating the etiology of mechanical valve obstruction: Use of clinical parameters, fluoroscopy, and echocardiography
Authors: Licata Anthony , Matthai William H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProsthetic valve obstruction is a life‐threatening complication most commonly caused by thrombus, pannus, or both. We report a St. Jude tricuspid valve obstruction, initially treated with thrombolytic therapy, found to be caused by pannus on pathologic examination. Clinical evaluation and diagnostic evaluation with fluoroscopy and echocardiography in distinguishing pannus from thrombus are reviewed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:495–500. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complications of cardiac catheterization in the current era: A single‐center experience
Authors: Chandrasekar Baskaran , Doucet Serge , Bilodeau Luc , Crepeau Jacques , deGuise Pierre , Gregoire Jean , Gallo Richard , Cote Gilles , Bonan Raoul , Joyal Michel , Gosselin Gilbert , Tanguay Jean‐François , Dyrda Ihor , Bois Marc , Pasternac Andre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConsecutive cardiac catheterization procedures done over a 2‐yr period (April 1996 to March 1998) were prospectively analyzed to determine and characterize procedure‐related complications (in‐hospital and 1‐mo follow‐up), as they occur at present. During the study period, 11,821 procedures (7,953 diagnostic and 3,868 therapeutic) were performed. The majority of procedures (> 60%) were done in high‐risk patients. Stents were implanted in 33% of patients, and adjunctive abciximab was used in 6.6% of therapeutic procedures. The overall complication rate was 8% (3.6% of diagnostic procedures and 15.1% of therapeutic procedures). The procedure‐related mortality rates were 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.5% for total, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures, respectively. Cardiac complications were seen in 3.9% (1.5% of diagnostic and 9% of therapeutic procedures). Emergency cardiac surgery was required in 0.05% of the diagnostic procedure group and 0.3% of the therapeutic procedure group (total, 0.1%). Despite marked changes in patient population and practice, the complication rates of cardiac catheterization remain very low. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:289–295. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.