bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Fracture Behavior of Ceramic and Metal‐Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Smith Thomas B. , Kelly J. Robert , Tesk John A. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeFailed crowns and failure load data were studied to gain insights into the fracture behavior of prostheses under incisal‐directed, load‐to‐failure testing.Materials and MethodsIncisor crowns (n = 68) were fabricated: two all‐ceramic groups (feldspathic veneer on high‐strength core), differing in core design, and two metal‐ceramic groups, differing in metal oxidation time (30 seconds v 3 minutes). Crowns were loaded to failure on their incisal edge. Gross visual, microscopic, and elemental microprobe analyses of failed crowns were coupled with Weibull analysis of the failure load data.ResultsFailure loads were higher for the normal oxidation time (TN) than for the extended oxidation time (TE) metal‐ceramic crowns (P < .02), but both groups had indistinguishable Weibull moduli indicating the possibility of a common failure origin. Fracture behavior and Weibull results both implicated the oxide layer as being the origin of failure. The ratio of fracture loads (TE/TN) corresponded well with calculated oxide‐volume ratios. Failure loads were lower for the all‐ceramic than for the metal‐ceramic crowns (P < .001). Fifty percent of the all‐ceramic crowns failed by delamination of veneering glass alone, leaving a thin layer of residual glass on the core surface. Scanning electron microscope views showed that delamination occurred 10 to 50 μm away from the core‐veneer interface. Electron microprobe elemental analysis of the core‐veneer interface showed that residual core infiltration glass was not present on the core surface and that chemical alterations in the veneering glass were apparently limited to less than a 2‐ to 3‐μm thick layer.ConclusionsFailure for both restorative systems involved interfacial stresses with crack propagation occurring at or near the core‐veneer interface. The weaker interface in the metal‐ceramic system probably resulted from an increase in surface oxide volume, irrespective of any change in its adherence or physical properties. For the ceramic crowns, delamination crack fronts appeared to propagate through chemically unaltered veneering porcelain. Both the Weibull moduli and characteristic strengths were indistinguishable between either of the two ceramic core designs or between groups failing from delamination with or without core cracking/failure. This is consistent with delamination being the primary fracture process during failure. Clinical implications should not be drawn from results of this study because no correlation is known to have ever been established between clinical behavior and incisal load‐to‐failure results.
Aspergillus lentulus
sp. nov., a New Sibling Species of
A. fumigatus
Authors: Balajee S. Arunmozhi , Gribskov Jennifer L. , Hanley Edward , Nickle David , Marr Kieren A. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

In a prior study, we identified seven clinical isolates of an
Aspergillus
sp. that were slow to sporulate in multiple media and demonstrated decreased in vitro susceptibilities to multiple antifungals, including amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin. These isolates were initially considered to be variants of
Aspergillus fumigatus
because of differences in mitochondrial cytochrome
b
sequences and unique randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR patterns (S. A. Balajee, M. Weaver, A. Imhof, J. Gribskov, and K. A. Marr, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 1197-1203, 2004). The present study was performed to clarify the taxonomic status of these organisms by phylogenetic analyses based on multilocus sequence typing of five genes (the β-tubulin gene, the rodlet A gene, the salt-responsive gene, the mitochondrial cytochrome
b
gene, and the internal transcribed spacer regions). Results revealed that four of the seven variant isolates clustered together in a clade very distant from
A. fumigatus
and distinct from other members of the
A. fumigatus
group. This new clade, consisting of four members, was monophyletic with strong bootstrap support when the protein-encoding regions were analyzed, indicating a new species status under the phylogenetic species concept. Phenotype studies revealed that the variant isolate has smaller conidial heads with diminutive vesicles compared to
A. fumigatus
and is not able to survive at 48°C. Our findings suggest the presence of a previously unrecognized, potentially drug-resistant
Aspergillus
species that we designate
A. lentulus
.
Patterns of blood flow during the postprandial response in ball pythons, Python regius
Authors: Starck J. Matthias , Wimmer Christian 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARY
We present evidence supporting the hypothesis that postprandial upregulation of the size of the small intestine and the liver is caused by an increased blood flow volume to the organs. The postprandial response of ball pythons was characterized by measurements of oxygen consumption, organ size changes and histological evaluation of the mucosal epithelium and liver parenchyme. Synchronized with these changes in measurements were changes in the patterns of blood flow volume to small intestine and liver. A correlation analysis of organ size change and blood flow volume showed a significant nonlinear relationship, which explained about 50% of the overall variances in organ size (small intestine, liver). Histological analysis indicated that incorporation of lipid droplets in enterocytes and in hepatocytes contributes to an increase of absorptive surface magnification (in small intestine) and hepatocyte size (in liver). Collectively, these data support the concept that in the ball python, postprandial upregulation of organ size does not reflect new mitotic activity, but rather results from increased blood volume in the intestinal villi and incorporation of lipid droplets into enterocytes and hepatocytes, respectively.
Synthesis, Analgesic and Antiinflammatory properties of Certain 5‐/6‐Acyl‐3‐(4‐substituted‐1‐piperazinylmethyl)‐2‐benzoxazolinones Derivatives
Authors: Köksal Meriç , Gökhan Nesrin , Küpeli Esra , Yesilada Erdem , Erdoğan Hakkı 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel series of Mannich bases of 5‐/6‐acyl‐5‐methyl‐2‐benzoxazolinones has been described. The structures attributed to compounds 2a, 3a, 4a, 4b, 9a, 9b, 5a–5g, 6a–6g, 10a, 10g, 11a, 11g have been elucidated using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques besides elemental analysis. The compounds have been evaluated for their in vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities using the p‐benzoquinone‐induced writhing test and the carrageenan hind paw oedema test in mice, respectively. In addition, the ulcerogenic effects of the compounds were determined. Among the tested derivatives most promising results were obtained for the compounds bearing a 6‐(4‐chlorobenzoyl) at C‐6 position and 2‐/4‐fluorophenyl at C‐3 position of 2‐benzoxazolinone ring (11c, 11d).
A longitudinal study of palliative care
Authors: Strömgren Annette S. , Sjogren Per , Goldschmidt Dorthe , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Pedersen Lise , Hoermann Linda , Groenvold Mogens 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current article evaluated the course of patient‐assessed symptomatology in specialized palliative care and tested for bias due to patient attrition in measures of initial symptomatology and treatment outcome.METHODSOver 2 years, 267 consecutive, eligible patients were referred to a department of palliative care. Upon arrival, 201 patients consented to participate in a questionnaire‐based evaluation of quality of life (QOL). Of these, 175 patients participated, and 142, 119, and 95 participated in the study at 1, 2, and 3 weeks, respectively. Weekly, participants completed the self‐assessment questionnaires European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Physicians used the Mini Mental State Examination to evaluate cognitive function. Changes from the initial symptom scores for each week were calculated. Initial scoring and change after 1 week were tested for association with completion level, i.e., whether the patient completed questions at 1, 2, 3, or 4 time points.RESULTSHigh initial symptom intensity and significant improvements over time were observed for pain, lack of appetite, nausea/vomiting, sleeplessness, constipation, and overall QOL/well‐being. For some symptoms, initial scores were significantly higher in patients who dropped out, but the changes over the first week were not significantly different between completion levels for any symptom.CONCLUSIONSImprovement in symptom intensity was identified. Dropout was associated with higher initial symptomatology but not with poorer outcome of palliative treatment. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A watermark embedding and extracting method for printed documents
Authors: Suzaki Masahiko , Suto Masayuki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new method of embedding watermarks into printed documents as well as extracting the watermarks from the printed documents. In the embedding process, unique mesh patterns in which microdots are assigned with equal spaces between them are inserted. We then assign 0 or 1 symbols to them, and generate and print a document image in which information is embedded by superimposing these mesh patterns as a document background. The extraction method involves filtering a scanned image of a watermarked printed document. We use a symbol assigned dot pattern as a 2D waveform, and a Gabor filter as a watermark detection filter. In this way, we implemented watermark detection resistant to various kinds of noise such as printing and scanning, or daily usage. We also provide results of basic performance evaluations, as well as test system evaluations for embedding and extracting watermarks in a practical environment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(7): 43–51, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20142
Generating prime degree irreducible polynomials by using irreducible all‐one polynomial over F2
Authors: Makita Kei , Nogami Yasuyuki , Sugimura Tatsuo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn most of the methods of public key cryptography devised in recent years, a finite field of a large order is used as the field of definition. In contrast, there are many studies in which a higher‐degree extension field of characteristic 2 is fast implemented for easier hardware realization. There are also many reports of the generation of the required higher‐degree irreducible polynomial, and of the construction of a basis suited to fast implementation, such as an optimal normal basis (ONB). For generating higher‐degree irreducible polynomials, there is a method in which a 2m‐th degree self‐reciprocal irreducible polynomial is generated from an m‐th degree irreducible polynomial by a simple polynomial transformation (called the self‐reciprocal transformation). This paper considers this transformation and shows that when the set of zeros of the m‐th degree irreducible polynomial forms a normal basis, the set of zeros of the generated 2m‐th order self‐reciprocal irreducible polynomial also forms a normal base. Then it is clearly shown that there is a one‐to‐one correspondence between the transformed irreducible polynomial and the generated self‐reciprocal irreducible polynomial. Consequently, the inverse transformation of the self‐reciprocal transformation (self‐reciprocal inverse transformation) can be applied to a self‐reciprocal irreducible polynomial. It is shown that an m‐th degree irreducible polynomial can always be generated from a 2m‐th degree self‐reciprocal irreducible polynomial by the self‐reciprocal inverse transformation. We can use this fact for generating 1/2‐degree irreducible polynomials. As an application of 1/2‐degree irreducible polynomial generation, this paper proposes a method which generates a prime degree irreducible polynomial with a Type II ONB as its zeros. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(7): 23–32, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20151
Agreement between experiment and hybrid DFT calculations for OH bond dissociation enthalpies in manganese complexes
Authors: Lundberg Marcus , Siegbahn Per E. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractInformation on the accuracy of DFT functionals for redox reactions in transition metal systems is rather limited. To analyze the performance of some popular functionals for redox reactions in manganese systems, calculated OH bond dissociation enthalpies for Mn‐ligands in six different complexes are compared to experimental results. In this benchmark, B3LYP performs well with a mean absolute error of 3.0 kcal/mol. B98 gives similar results to B3LYP (error of 3.8 kcal/mol). B3LYP* gives lower OH bond strengths than B3LYP and has a mean error of 5.0 kcal/mol. Compared to B98 and B3LYP, B3LYP* has an error trend for the manganese ligands that is more similar to the error for a free water molecule. The nonhybrid functional BLYP consistently and significantly underestimates the OH bond strengths by approximately 20 kcal/mol. HCTH407 has a rather large mean error of 9.4 kcal/mol and shows no consistent trend. The results support the use of hybrid functionals and the present computational method for large model systems containing manganese. An example is the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II where hybrid functionals predict the appearance of a Mn(IV)‐oxyl radical before the OO bond formation step. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 661–667, 2005
Distribution of oxidation enzyme eNOS and myeloperoxidase in primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Lin Hui‐Ju , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Tsai Shih‐Wei , Fan Seng‐Sheen 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGenetic factors and the influence of superoxide are known to play roles in the etiology of glaucoma. We evaluated the association between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and two polymorphisms in the epithelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, and one polymorphism in the myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene. We enrolled 66 patients with POAG and 100 healthy volunteers in this study. The polymorphisms in the eNOS and the polymorphism MPO −463 G‐to‐A in the MPO gene were resolved by polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the eNOS intron −4 (P=0.481), eNOS promotor −786 (P=0.555), and MPO −463 (P=0.292) gene polymorphisms between the POAG patients and the volunteers (P‐values=0.481, 0.555, and 0.292, respectively). None of the alleles from either gene differed between the groups (P‐values=0.483, 0.554, and 0.183, respectively). Superoxide is closely related to glaucoma, and eNOS and MPO are two important enzymes in the free radical pathway. However, polymorphisms of the eNOS intron‐4, eNOS promotor −786, and MPO −463 gene polymorphisms did not reveal significant differences between POAG patients and controls in our study. The use of these agents and other superoxide‐related genes for clinical applications requires further investigation. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 19:87–92, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AT1 receptor A1166C and AT2 receptor –1332A/G gene polymorphisms: Efficient genotyping by single‐tube PCR
Authors: Živković Maja , Stanković Aleksandra , Alavantić Dragan 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAngiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) genes have been investigated in recent years as potential etiologic candidates for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The pathogenic implications of AT1 A1166C and AT2 A–1332G gene polymorphisms have been shown. Here we describe a rapid and reliable method for detecting both AT1 and AT2 gene polymorphisms by a single‐tube PCR, to reduce analysis time and simplify the genotyping procedure. In contrast to previously described methods, our method does not require hybridization, primer extension, or nested PCR for genotyping. In most previous studies concerning gene polymorphisms of RAS, both AT1 and AT2 receptor gene polymorphisms were investigated. The advantage of our method is that it makes it possible to detect both of these polymorphisms in a duplex PCR. The procedure described is convenient for routine laboratory use with manual sample processing, and offers the potential for further automation as well. Its simplicity makes it practical for large‐scale screening of individuals and families at risk for cardiovascular or renal diseases. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 19:84–86, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Association with Hand–Arm Vibration Syndrome: A Review of Claimants Seeking Compensation in the Mining Industry
Authors: BURKE F. D. , LAWSON I. J. , MCGEOCH K. L. , MILES J. N. V. , PROUD G. 
Published: March 2005

Twenty six thousand eight hundred and forty-two miners seeking compensation were clinically assessed for vascular and neurosensory impairment arising from exposure to occupational hand–arm vibration (Hand–Arm Vibration Syndrome). They were also assessed clinically for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome which, if present, would result in additional compensation. Fifteen per cent were assessed as having both HAVS and CTS. Thirty-eight per cent of claimants had nocturnal wakening, 1.3% wasting of abductor pollicis brevis, 15% had a positive Tinel’s test and 20% had a positive Phalen’s test. The 15% prevalence reported is lower than the rates cited previously in several small population studies of workers exposed to vibration. This paper reports the results of the assessment process and discusses the difficulty of discriminating Carpal Tunnel Syndrome from diffuse neurosensory impairment arising from HAVS.
Conceptual Design of a Cellular Filter To Remove Trace Viral Contaminants in Blood
Authors: Mohan K. Krishna , Tsao I‐Fu , Wang H. Y. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVarious process alternatives and designs of using a filter containing cellular adsorbents to remove trace viral contaminants from blood and other protein solutions have been studied. Sterilization charts have been developed that can be used to estimate the filter size required to achieve a desired sterilization criterion. A parametric study was carried out to identify various process parameters that may affect this physical trace removal process. It has been demonstrated that the adsorption rate constant is a critical parameter in the design of an efficient cellular filter for viral contaminant removal. This constant is characteristic of the virus‐cell system under consideration and is shown to be particularly sensitive to the cell surface receptor density, adsorbent diameter, and fluid flow rate. Higher log titer reduction in virus concentrations can be achieved with low flow rates and no recycle. Preliminary analyses indicate the feasibility of using a magnetically stabilized fluidized filter (MSFF) reactor design for effective virus removal from these complex solutions.
Flux Enhancement in Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration for the Recovery of Acid Cheese Whey Precipitates
Authors: Heng Meng H. , Glatz Charles E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUltrafiltration (UF) is commonly used to recover the soluble proteins from cheese whey. One major limitation of its application is concentration polarization resulting in flux reduction. We report on a strategy of using polyelectrolyte [(carboxymethyl)‐cellulose (CMC)] precipitation to convert a portion of the polarizing macromolecules into potentially flux‐enhancing particles. The polymer dosage used can affect the resultant slurry (both protein removal and particle size) and is the important determinant of the flux rates obtainable. Over the CMC dosage range studied, 0.25–3.5 kg/m3, the CMC‐whey slurries have higher permeate flux than the corresponding supernatant, but both have similar permeate flux‐CMC dosage relationships, indicating that the effects reported here are superimposed on membrane‐fouling behavior. Permeate flux was doubled when CMC dosages ranging from 0.75 to 1.75 kg/m3 were added to the whey. The presence of particles was crucial for flux enhancement. The flux behavior of the resultant CMC‐whey slurries showed that the mechanism of enhancement has some of the features of hydrodynamic shear‐induced diffusion.
Large‐Scale Bioprocessing of Solids
Authors: Andrews Graham 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe bioremediation of contaminated soils, bacterial leaching of metals from ores, biode‐sulfurization of coal, and the direct fermentation of biomass to ethanol are all relatively new processes in which the microbial substrate is a solid. They involve high volume low‐value products, so if they are to be economically viable, the bioreactor must be as small and cheap as possible. Bioreactor design for all these processes has much in common, but it has not been addressed in a systematic way. This paper examines the effect of particle size on reactor type (heap versus slurry), problems of gas transfer into heaps and concentrated slurries, and the desirability of longitudinal mixing.
Enhanced Antibody Production at Slowed Growth Rates: Experimental Demonstration and a Simple Structured Model
Authors: Suzuki E. , Ollis D. F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA simple structured model for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production kinetics was formulated by combining the cell cycle theory with the estimated number of MAb‐coded messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules per cell: it is assumed that the rate‐controlling step is first order in this mRNA and that the growth rate variation does not alter the MAb synthesis rate within any cycle phase but only changes the relative time length of the individual phases. The model predicted “negatively growth associated”MAb production kinetics and thus an enhanced MAb production rate to be achieved by slowing the cell growth. Experiments consistent with these assumptions provided support for the model. Hybridoma cultures where growth was slowed by either a DNA synthesis inhibitor (thymidine or hydroxyurea) or by a selective inhibitor of initiation of nonantibody protein (potassium acetate) exhibited 50–130% MAb production rate enhancement for growth slowed up to 50%; however, further decreases in the growth rate also decreased the MAb production rate. Experiments inconsistent with these assumptions showed other behavior: general inhibition of protein chain elongation (by cycloheximide) or inhibition of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis (by actinomycin D) each slowed both growth and the specific MAb production rate, leading to net “positive”growth associated MAb production rates. Thus, a need for models with greater structure is also demonstrated.
Indole Alkaloid Formation by Catharanthus roseus Cells in a Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Kargi F. , Ganapathi B. , Maricic K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCatharanthus roseus cells producing indole alkaloids were grown in the form of a biofilm. Production medium was circulated through the reactor parallel to the upper surface of the horizontal biofilm. Sugar consumption and indole alkaloid formation were followed to compare the performance of cultures with different biofilm thicknesses. Dissolved oxygen concentration gradients within the biofilms were determined at the end of each run. RNA and protein content of the cells in the upper and lower layers of the biofilms were compared. Results obtained in the biofilm experiments were compared to those obtained with suspension cultures. At optimized biofilm thicknesses, the biofilm reactor was more effective than suspension cultures in maximizing indole alkaloid titers. This is thought to be due to better cell‐cell contact within the biofilm and nutrient concentration gradients, which resulted in low growth rates.