bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of validity testing in psychiatric assessment: evidence from a sample of multimorbid post-9/11 veterans
Authors: Kim Sahra , Currao Alyssa , Brown Emma , Milberg William P. , Fortier Catherine B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Performance validity (PVTs) and symptom validity tests (SVTs) are necessary components of neuropsychological testing to identify suboptimal performances and response bias that may impact diagnosis and treatment. The current study examined the clinical and functional characteristics of veterans who failed PVTs and the relationship between PVT and SVT failures.Method:Five hundred and sixteen post-9/11 veterans participated in clinical interviews, neuropsychological testing, and several validity measures.Results:Veterans who failed 2+ PVTs performed significantly worse than veterans who failed one PVT in verbal memory (Cohen’s d = .60–.69), processing speed (Cohen’s d = .68), working memory (Cohen’s d = .98), and visual memory (Cohen’s d = .88–1.10). Individuals with 2+ PVT failures had greater posttraumatic stress (PTS; β = 0.16; p = .0002), and worse self-reported depression (β = 0.17; p = .0001), anxiety (β = 0.15; p = .0007), sleep (β = 0.10; p = .0233), and functional outcomes (β = 0.15; p = .0009) compared to veterans who passed PVTs. 7.8% veterans failed the SVT (Validity-10; ≥19 cutoff); Multiple PVT failures were significantly associated with Validity-10 failure at the ≥19 and ≥23 cutoffs (p’s < .0012). The Validity-10 had moderate correspondence in predicting 2+ PVTs failures (AUC = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.76, 0.91).Conclusion:PVT failures are associated with psychiatric factors, but not traumatic brain injury (TBI). PVT failures predict SVT failure and vice versa. Standard care should include SVTs and PVTs in all clinical assessments, not just neuropsychological assessments, particularly in clinically complex populations.
LOGICS FROM ULTRAFILTERS
Authors: MUNDICI DANIELE 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ultrafilters play a significant role in model theory to characterize logics having various compactness and interpolation properties. They also provide a general method to construct extensions of first-order logic having these properties. A main result of this paper is that every class

$\Omega $

of uniform ultrafilters generates a

$\Delta $

-closed logic

${\mathcal {L}}_\Omega $

.

${\mathcal {L}}_\Omega $

is

$\omega $

-relatively compact iff some

$D\in \Omega $

fails to be

$\omega _1$

-complete iff

${\mathcal {L}}_\Omega $

does not contain the quantifier “there are uncountably many.” If

$\Omega $

is a set, or if it contains a countably incomplete ultrafilter, then

${\mathcal {L}}_\Omega $

is not generated by Mostowski cardinality quantifiers. Assuming

$\neg 0^\sharp $

or

$\neg L^{\mu }$

, if

$D\in \Omega $

is a uniform ultrafilter over a regular cardinal

$\nu $

, then every family

$\Psi $

of formulas in

${\mathcal {L}}_\Omega $

with

$|\Phi |\leq \nu $

satisfies the compactness theorem. In particular, if

$\Omega $

is a proper class of uniform ultrafilters over regular cardinals,

${\mathcal {L}}_\Omega $

is compact.
Religiosity and electoral turnout among Muslims in Western Europe
Authors: Kollar Rachel , Geurts Nella , Spierings Niels 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInvestigating the relationship between Islamic religiosity and electoral participation amongst Muslim citizens in Western Europe, this study combines insights from the sociology of religion and Islamic studies with political behavior literature thus creating an improved theoretical framework and a richer empirical understanding surrounding the electoral participation of religious minorities. First, we theorize about three underlying dimensions of Islamic religiosity: frequency of mosque attendance, religious identification, and frequency of prayer. Subsequently, we consider how the religiosity–voting relationship is bolstered or hindered by hostile national environments such as more exclusionary policies and practices (e.g., veil banning or exclusionary citizenship laws).Empirically, we use a unique dataset that harmonizes five European surveys, resulting in a sample size of just under 8,000 European Muslims. Using multi-level techniques, we find, contrary to research on majority religiosity, that communal religiosity is unrelated to electoral participation. However, individual religiosity bolsters voting in particular among the second generation. Opposite to our expectation, we find that hostile environments do not seem to lead to different impacts of Islamic religiosity within Western Europe. Our results support the taking of a more fine-grained approach when measuring religiosity and also highlight how the impact varies across genders and generations.
Sensitivity of Subsurface Permeability in Coastal Deltas to Their Morphodynamic and Geomorphic Characteristics
Authors: Anderson A. M. , Allen D. M. , Venditti J. G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe amount of fresh water moving through coastal deltas worldwide is controlled by the complex subsurface structures within a delta. Morphodynamic influences produced by the feeding river, waves, and tides, in addition to sea level transgressions and regressions, have resulted in deltaic aquifers that are highly heterogeneous. We use 171 unique two‐dimensional morphodynamic models to explore the range of subsurface permeability, hydraulic gradient, and groundwater flux within three end‐member delta types (fluvial, wave, and tidal). We quantify the connectiveness of the subsurface permeability and estimate the horizontal heterogeneity and anisotropy of the permeability. A distance‐based generalized sensitivity analysis is used to investigate the impact morphodynamic influences (fluvial, wave, and tidal), basin conditions (sediment concentration and bathymetric gradient), and geomorphic characteristics (number of channels, shape of the delta plain, and shoreline rugosity) have on the subsurface permeability, hydraulic gradient, and connectivity. We find that the median permeability in deltaic landforms is 4.0 × 10−12 m2 (relating to a hydraulic conductivity of 2.1 × 10−5 m/s), the average hydraulic gradient is 3.9 × 10−4, and the mean specific discharge is 1.3 × 10−8 m/s. High permeability bodies are highly connected and are associated with channelization. Subsurface permeability, hydraulic gradient, and the connectiveness of high permeability areas are sensitive to morphodynamic influences (fluvial, wave, and tidal) and the geomorphic characteristics (number of channels and shoreline rugosity) within a delta. Since morphodynamic influences and geomorphic characteristics are easily identified by looking at the surface of the delta, we suggest that the deltaic subsurface can be characterized by identifying features on the delta surface.
Characteristics and Attribution of Spatiotemporal Changes in Qilian Mountains' Runoff Over the Past Six Decades
Authors: Liu Zhe , Wang Ninglian , Cuo Lan , Liang Liqiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTibet's Qilian Mountains (QM) include critical water conservation areas and important ecological barriers, which help maintain downstream inland river oasis stability. For decades, contemporaneous climatic and cryospheric variation has severely impacted QM's hydrological processes, challenging local water resource management and sustainable development. However, due to prevalent data and methodological limitations, QM research has primarily focused on runoff change at a basin scale. Spatial distributions and temporal changes in runoff subsequently remain unclear. Based on multi‐source data and the literature, we estimated that QM's mountain outlets generate approximately 15.671 km3 in total annual runoff, exhibiting a spatially decreasing pattern from northeast to southwest. Moreover, runoff distribution and trend variation at seasonal and annual scales depend upon the river replenishment source type. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, eastern rain‐fed rivers experienced a downward trend while those dominated by meltwater or simultaneously fed by multiple sources in its central and western regions experienced an upward trend. As an integrated product of mixed multi‐factor effects, runoff is regulated by temperature, precipitation, and cryospheric meltwater. Moreover, the main controlling runoff factors varied seasonally under different water source concentrations. Annually, precipitation was the main driver for runoff change in the eastern region while, correspondingly, temperature was in the western region where glaciers and the snow line boundary predominant. Besides, this study highlighted that the existing literature has significant limitations in understanding interactions among different cryospheric components and hydrologic process mechanisms when exploring the reasons for runoff variations, which needs further exploration in the future.
Google Earth Engine‐Based Estimation of the Spatio‐Temporal Distribution of Suspended Sediment Concentrations in a Multi‐Channel River System of the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Zhao Yang , Huang Mingyan , Li Zhiwei , Li Dongfeng , Li Jiaguang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLowland multi‐channel alluvial river systems are highly variable in frequency and magnitude of floodplain inundation and are vulnerable to human activities such as damming. In the Yangtze River Basin, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has trapped >80% of upstream sediment supply, causing downstream scouring and rapid geomorphic changes in river and its floodplain lakes. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is widely used to monitor river morphodynamics, but traditional measurements of SSC are time consuming, costly and difficult to quantify SSC in a large spatial scale. Using Google Earth Engine and in situ observed hydrological data, we created a multiple linear regression model to map SSC in the multi‐channel system Songzi River of the Yangtze. The new SSC predictive model achieved high accuracy (R2: 0.87) and showed opposite downstream trends in SSC during peak flood years and normal flood years. For the first time, we found that in the peak flood year of 1998 the study rivers exhibit a downstream increase trend of SSC with an abrupt increase in their middle reach, while SSC in normal flood years experiences a downstream decline with minimal changes. A prominent difference in SSC is also revealed after the TGD with a reduction of 60%. Furthermore, SSC in the closely hydrologically connected lakes is more dynamic than the less connected lakes. Our study demonstrates that the proposed method enables to rapidly quantify the spatio‐temporal SSC distribution in the multi‐channel systems on the floodplain of large alluvial rivers and highlights the importance of connectivity in regulating SSC dynamics.
Effect of exercise training on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: a meta–analysis
Authors: Baffour-Awuah Biggie , Man Melody , Goessler Karla F. , Cornelissen Véronique A. , Dieberg Gudrun , Smart Neil A. , Pearson Melissa J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) management reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in regulating and maintaining blood volume and pressure. This analysis aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on plasma renin, angiotensin-II and aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, urinary sodium and potassium, BP and heart rate (HR). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials until 30 November 2022. The search strategy included RAAS key words in combination with exercise training terms and medical subject headings. Manual searching of reference lists from systematic reviews and eligible studies completed the search. A random effects meta-analysis model was used. Eighteen trials with a total of 803 participants were included. After exercise training, plasma angiotensin-II (SMD −0.71; 95% CI −1.24, −0.19; p = 0.008; n = 9 trials), aldosterone (SMD −0.37; 95% CI −0.65, −0.09; p = 0.009; n = 8 trials) and norepinephrine (SMD −0.82; 95% CI −1.18, −0.46; p < 0.001; n = 8 trials) were reduced. However, plasma renin activity, epinephrine, and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion remained unchanged with exercise training. Systolic BP was reduced (MD −6.2 mmHg; 95% CI −9.9, −2.6; p = 0.001) as was diastolic BP (MD −4.5 mmHg; 95% CI −6.9, −2.1; p < 0.001) but not HR (MD −3.0 bpm; 95% CI −6.0, 0.4; p = 0.053). Exercise training may reduce some aspects of RAAS and sympathetic nervous system activity, and this explains some of the anti-hypertensive response.
Lipid overload-induced RTN3 activation leads to cardiac dysfunction by promoting lipid droplet biogenesis
Authors: Guo Dong , Zhang Mingming , Qi Bingchao , Peng Tingwei , Liu Mingchuan , Li Zhelong , Fu Feng , Guo Yanjie , Li Congye , Wang Ying , Hu Lang , Li Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLipid droplet (LD) accumulation is a notable feature of obesity-induced cardiomyopathy, while underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we show that mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited significantly increase in cardiac LD and RTN3 expression, accompanied by cardiac function impairment. Multiple loss- and gain-of function experiments indicate that RTN3 is critical to HFD-induced cardiac LD accumulation. Mechanistically, RTN3 directly bonds with fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) to facilitate the directed transport of fatty acids to endoplasmic reticulum, thereby promoting LD biogenesis in a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 dependent way. Moreover, lipid overload-induced RTN3 upregulation is due to increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), which positively regulates RTN3 transcription by binding to its promoter region. Notably, above findings were verified in the myocardium of obese patients. Our findings suggest that manipulating LD biogenesis by modulating RTN3 may be a potential strategy for treating cardiac dysfunction in obese patients.
Dbh+ catecholaminergic cardiomyocytes contribute to the structure and function of the cardiac conduction system in murine heart
Authors: Sun Tianyi , Grassam-Rowe Alexander , Pu Zhaoli , Li Yangpeng , Ren Huiying , An Yanru , Guo Xinyu , Hu Wei , Liu Ying , Zheng Yuqing , Liu Zhu , Kou Kun , Ou Xianhong , Chen Tangting , Fan Xuehui , Liu Yangyang , Tu Shu , He Yu , Ren Yue , Chen Ao , Shang Zhouchun , Xia Zhidao , Miquerol Lucile , Smart Nicola , Zhang Henggui , Tan Xiaoqiu , Shou Weinian , Lei Ming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe heterogeneity of functional cardiomyocytes arises during heart development, which is essential to the complex and highly coordinated cardiac physiological function. Yet the biological and physiological identities and the origin of the specialized cardiomyocyte populations have not been fully comprehended. Here we report a previously unrecognised population of cardiomyocytes expressing Dbhgene encoding dopamine beta-hydroxylase in murine heart. We determined how these myocytes are distributed across the heart by utilising advanced single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses, genetic fate mapping and molecular imaging with computational reconstruction. We demonstrated that they form the key functional components of the cardiac conduction system by using optogenetic electrophysiology and conditional cardiomyocyte Dbh gene deletion models. We revealed their close relationship with sympathetic innervation during cardiac conduction system formation. Our study thus provides new insights into the development and heterogeneity of the mammalian cardiac conduction system by revealing a new cardiomyocyte population with potential catecholaminergic endocrine function.
Learning few-shot imitation as cultural transmission
Authors: Bhoopchand Avishkar , Brownfield Bethanie , Collister Adrian , Dal Lago Agustin , Edwards Ashley , Everett Richard , Fréchette Alexandre , Oliveira Yanko Gitahy , Hughes Edward , Mathewson Kory W. , Mendolicchio Piermaria , Pawar Julia , Pȋslar Miruna , Platonov Alex , Senter Evan , Singh Sukhdeep , Zacherl Alexander , Zhang Lei M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCultural transmission is the domain-general social skill that allows agents to acquire and use information from each other in real-time with high fidelity and recall. It can be thought of as the process that perpetuates fit variants in cultural evolution. In humans, cultural evolution has led to the accumulation and refinement of skills, tools and knowledge across generations. We provide a method for generating cultural transmission in artificially intelligent agents, in the form of few-shot imitation. Our agents succeed at real-time imitation of a human in novel contexts without using any pre-collected human data. We identify a surprisingly simple set of ingredients sufficient for generating cultural transmission and develop an evaluation methodology for rigorously assessing it. This paves the way for cultural evolution to play an algorithmic role in the development of artificial general intelligence.
Ongoing shuffling of protein fragments diversifies core viral functions linked to interactions with bacterial hosts
Authors: Smug Bogna J. , Szczepaniak Krzysztof , Rocha Eduardo P. C. , Dunin-Horkawicz Stanislaw , Mostowy Rafał J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiological modularity enhances evolutionary adaptability. This principle is vividly exemplified by bacterial viruses (phages), which display extensive genomic modularity. Phage genomes are composed of independent functional modules that evolve separately and recombine in various configurations. While genomic modularity in phages has been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to protein modularity—proteins consisting of distinct building blocks that can evolve and recombine, enhancing functional and genetic diversity. Here, we use a set of 133,574 representative phage proteins and highly sensitive homology detection to capture instances of domain mosaicism, defined as fragment sharing between two otherwise unrelated proteins, and to understand its relationship with functional diversity in phage genomes. We discover that unrelated proteins from diverse functional classes frequently share homologous domains. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced within receptor-binding proteins, endolysins, and DNA polymerases. We also identify multiple instances of recent diversification via domain shuffling in receptor-binding proteins, neck passage structures, endolysins and some members of the core replication machinery, often transcending distant taxonomic and ecological boundaries. Our findings suggest that ongoing diversification via domain shuffling is reflective of a co-evolutionary arms race, driven by the need to overcome various bacterial resistance mechanisms against phages.
MicroRNA-mediated attenuation of branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes ferroptosis in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sone Hisakatsu , Lee Tae Jin , Lee Byung Rho , Heo Dan , Oh Sekyung , Kwon Sang-Ho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease can develop from kidney injury incident to chemotherapy with cisplatin, which complicates the prognosis of cancer patients. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by pairing with specific sets of messenger RNAs. Therefore, elucidating direct physical interactions between microRNAs and their target messenger RNAs can help decipher crucial biological processes associated with cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Through intermolecular ligation and transcriptome-wide sequencing, we here identify direct pairs of microRNAs and their target messenger RNAs in the kidney of male mice injured by cisplatin. We find that a group of cisplatin-induced microRNAs can target select messenger RNAs that affect the mitochondrial metabolic pathways in the injured kidney. Specifically, a cisplatin-induced microRNA, miR-429-3p, suppresses the pathway that catabolizes branched-chain amino acids in the proximal tubule, leading to cell death dependent on lipid peroxidation, called ferroptosis. Identification of miRNA-429-3p-mediated ferroptosis stimulation suggests therapeutic potential for modulating the branched-chain amino acid pathway in ameliorating cisplatin-induced kidney injury.
Structural and functional insights into the delivery of a bacterial Rhs pore-forming toxin to the membrane
Authors: González-Magaña Amaia , Tascón Igor , Altuna-Alvarez Jon , Queralt-Martín María , Colautti Jake , Velázquez Carmen , Zabala Maialen , Rojas-Palomino Jessica , Cárdenas Marité , Alcaraz Antonio , Whitney John C. , Ubarretxena-Belandia Iban , Albesa-Jové David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBacterial competition is a significant driver of toxin polymorphism, which allows continual compensatory evolution between toxins and the resistance developed to overcome their activity. Bacterial Rearrangement hot spot (Rhs) proteins represent a widespread example of toxin polymorphism. Here, we present the 2.45 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of Tse5, an Rhs protein central to Pseudomonas aeruginosa type VI secretion system-mediated bacterial competition. This structural insight, coupled with an extensive array of biophysical and genetic investigations, unravels the multifaceted functional mechanisms of Tse5. The data suggest that interfacial Tse5-membrane binding delivers its encapsulated pore-forming toxin fragment to the target bacterial membrane, where it assembles pores that cause cell depolarisation and, ultimately, bacterial death.
Segmentation of lung lobes and lesions in chest CT for the classification of COVID-19 severity
Authors: Khomduean Prachaya , Phuaudomcharoen Pongpat , Boonchu Totsaporn , Taetragool Unchalisa , Chamchoy Kamonwan , Wimolsiri Nat , Jarrusrojwuttikul Tanadul , Chuajak Ammarut , Techavipoo Udomchai , Tweeatsani Numfon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo precisely determine the severity of COVID-19-related pneumonia, computed tomography (CT) is an imaging modality beneficial for patient monitoring and therapy planning. Thus, we aimed to develop a deep learning-based image segmentation model to automatically assess lung lesions related to COVID-19 infection and calculate the total severity score (TSS). The entire dataset consisted of 124 COVID-19 patients acquired from Chulabhorn Hospital, divided into 28 cases without lung lesions and 96 cases with lung lesions categorized severity by radiologists regarding TSS. The model used a 3D-UNet along with DenseNet and ResNet models that had already been trained to separate the lobes of the lungs and figure out the percentage of lung involvement due to COVID-19 infection. It also used the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) to measure TSS. Our final model, consisting of 3D-UNet integrated with DenseNet169, achieved segmentation of lung lobes and lesions with the Dice similarity coefficients of 91.52% and 76.89%, respectively. The calculated TSS values were similar to those evaluated by radiologists, with an R2 of 0.842. The correlation between the ground-truth TSS and model prediction was greater than that of the radiologist, which was 0.890 and 0.709, respectively.