bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Divergence of Function and Service: Knowledge and Technology Transfer Understood as the Service Processes of the Science System
Authors: von Grünberg Hans-Hennig , Lange Lütje 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The idea here is to derive properties and categories of knowledge and technology transfer from a theoretical model of the science system, for which we draw on the work of the German sociologists Niklas Luhmann and Rudolf Stichweh. The aim is to determine the characteristics of transfer that are already defined by the autopoiesis of the science system. We will explain why transfer can be understood as the collection of input–output processes across the boundaries of the academic system and can be associated with the science system’s exchange of services with other subsystems of society, but is independent of the fulfilment of the science system’s function. With this distinction between “function” and “service,” we can address two apparent contradictions: How is the paradigm of openness that determines transfer compatible with the closedness that underlies the autopoiesis of science, and how can transfer across system boundaries and multipolar innovation networks be brought together conceptually? This paper distinguishes between three process classes of transfer. While the first two process classes precede or follow a real research process (inside-out and outside-in), the third process class is of the form out → in → out and follows the scheme that a solution is sought for a specific problem that serves external purposes. Then, ten different categories of knowledge and technology transfer are compiled and discussed for the three process classes derived. They show how complex transfer structures can be constructed from elementary processes without having to sacrifice the idea of a system boundary, which is indispensable for the functioning of science, which casts doubt on the assertion often made in the literature that this boundary is dissolving (“blurring of boundaries”). In the end, we also address other important practical and theoretical implications of these considerations.
Semipositive line bundles on punctured Riemann surfaces: Bergman kernels and random zeros
Authors: Liu Bingxiao , Zielinski Dominik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an extensive study on the Bergman kernel expansions and the random zeros associated with the high tensor powers of a semipositive line bundle on a complete punctured Riemann surface. We prove several results for the zeros of Gaussian holomorphic sections in the semi-classical limit, including the equidistribution, large deviation estimates, central limit theorem, and number variances.
Health beliefs mediates the association between the number of non-communicable diseases and preventive behaviors in middle-aged and older adults in southern China
Authors: Huang Yali , Wang Tingjun , Wang Huajun , Zeng Yongjun , Xie Liangdi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The triadic relationship among the number of NCDs, preventive behaviors and health beliefs has not been fully explored, especially the role of health beliefs.

Aims
To explore the association between the number of NCDs and preventive behaviors, as well as the mediating effect of health beliefs and its dimensions among middle-aged and older adults. Provide scientific evidence for developing targeted behavior intervention.

Methods
Data from 2095 middle-aged and older adults who completed demographic information, health beliefs and preventive behaviors questionnaire. Mediation analysis was used to explore the association of health beliefs and its dimensions between the number of NCDs and preventive behaviors.

Results
Health beliefs and self-efficacy positively impacted preventive behaviors, whereas perceived severity, while perceived barriers had negative effects. Health beliefs (β = − 0.1809, 95% CI − 0.2658 to − 0.0960) and its dimensions(Perceived barriers:β = − 0.0881, 95% CI − 0.1533 to − 0.0232, self-efficacy: β = − 0.2706, 95% CI − 0.3592 to − 0.1892) partially mediated the associations between the number of NCDs and preventive behaviors. The negative mediation effects indicates that as the number of NCDs increases, preventive behaviors decrease, partly due to a decline in health beliefs and self-efficacy, as well as an increase in perceived barriers (scored inversely, meaning higher barriers). These mediation pathways exhibited modest strength, highlighting the importance of health beliefs on behavior change.

Conclusions
An increasing number of NCDs is associated with reduced engagement in preventive behaviors. Health beliefs and its dimensions play a partial mediating role in this relationship. Effective intervention targeting health beliefs may help promote positive behavioral changes.
Konstruktionen von Normalität und Abweichungen in schulischer Policy zu pädagogischer Diagnostik in der Grundschule
Authors: Sturm Tanja 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht, wie pädagogische Diagnostik in der schulischen Policy für Grundschulen in Bayern und Hamburg konzipiert wird. Er stellt den Unterschied zwischen personal und institutionell orientierter Diagnostik dar. Während pädagogische Diagnostik in Bayern eher als Grundlage für die Zuweisung in spezifische Lehr-Lernangebote verstanden wird, manifestiert sich in Hamburg eine Konkretisierung der adaptiven Unterrichtsgestaltung. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, verstanden als gesellschaftliche Normen, die den Unterricht prägen, und hebt die Notwendigkeit hervor, diagnostische Programmatiken kontextualisiert zu betrachten.
Explaining quantum circuits with Shapley values: towards explainable quantum machine learning
Authors: Heese Raoul , Gerlach Thore , Mücke Sascha , Müller Sabine , Jakobs Matthias , Piatkowski Nico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Methods of artificial intelligence (AI) and especially machine learning (ML) have been growing ever more complex, and at the same time have more and more impact on people’s lives. This leads to explainable AI (XAI) manifesting itself as an important research field that helps humans to better comprehend ML systems. In parallel, quantum machine learning (QML) is emerging with the ongoing improvement of quantum computing hardware combined with its increasing availability via cloud services. QML enables quantum-enhanced ML in which quantum mechanics is exploited to facilitate ML tasks, typically in the form of quantum-classical hybrid algorithms that combine quantum and classical resources. Quantum gates constitute the building blocks of gate-based quantum hardware and form circuits that can be used for quantum computations. For QML applications, quantum circuits are typically parameterized and their parameters are optimized classically such that a suitably defined objective function is minimized. Inspired by XAI, we raise the question of the explainability of such circuits by quantifying the importance of (groups of) gates for specific goals. To this end, we apply the well-established concept of Shapley values. The resulting attributions can be interpreted as explanations for why a specific circuit works well for a given task, improving the understanding of how to construct parameterized (or variational) quantum circuits, and fostering their human interpretability in general. An experimental evaluation on simulators and two superconducting quantum hardware devices demonstrates the benefits of the proposed framework for classification, generative modeling, transpilation, and optimization. Furthermore, our results shed some light on the role of specific gates in popular QML approaches.
Exploring phytoconstituents through molecular dynamics simulation: uncovering potential inhibitors for multiple targeted pathways in breast cancer
Authors: Isa Mustafa Alhaji , Kappo Abidemi Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, affecting women across diverse regions. Despite the availability of various treatment modalities, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and small-molecule drugs, these interventions are often associated with severe side effects and high toxicity, stressing the critical need for safer and more effective therapeutic options. This study emphasizes a novel approach by integrating natural compounds from banana (Musa sapientum) extracts into the drug discovery pipeline, targeting key proteins implicated in breast cancer pathways. Specifically, we investigated interactions involving four pivotal proteins (estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and progesterone receptor (PR)). Potential inhibitory compounds from Musa sapientum extracts were identified using in silico docking and molecular dynamics (MD) Simulation analyses. Crystal structures of the proteins were retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and optimized through structure optimization and energy minimization. From the extracts, we obtained twenty-three compounds, which underwent screening for various physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, including the Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, Ghose and Egan filter, to determine pharmaceutical active ingredients. Of these, only five compounds exhibited drug-like properties, demonstrating efficient oral bioavailability and lower toxicity. These five compounds were then subjected to molecular docking analysis to assess their binding energies with all selected proteins. The results indicated binding energies ranging between − 5.02 and − 9.93 kcal/mol. Two compounds, CID_616859 and CID_1742210, displayed the least binding energies against all four proteins, forming eight complexes. These complexes were further selected for MD Simulation to evaluate the stability of the protein–ligand complex. The analysis confirmed the higher stability of all eight complexes. Consequently, these compounds were identified as potential multiple target inhibitors after successful experimental validation.
Enhancing the Kubernetes Platform with a Load-Aware Orchestration Strategy
Authors: Marchese Angelo , Tomarchio Orazio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microservice architecture is increasingly favored for building large-scale applications designed for deployment in distributed and resource-constrained cloud-to-edge computing environments. As a cloud-native approach, microservices are particularly powerful due to their loosely coupled, independently deployable, and scalable characteristics. These features enable distributed deployment and flexible integration across robust cloud data centers and heterogeneous, often resource-limited, edge nodes. To fully leverage these advantages, there is a need for advanced placement algorithms that can optimize application performance by utilizing the strengths of microservices. In response to these challenges, we propose to extend Kubernetes with a load-aware orchestration strategy, which enhances its capability to deploy microservice applications within shared clusters characterized by dynamic resource usage patterns. Our approach orchestrates applications dynamically, based on real-time resource usage, allowing for continuous adjustment of their placement to match evolving conditions. Evaluation of a prototype system in a testbed environment demonstrates that this approach offers substantial benefits compared to the standard Kubernetes scheduler.
Psychosocial Development and Student Engagement in School: A Study with Girls and Boys in Early and Late Adolescence
Authors: de Carvalho Nuno Archer , Veiga Feliciano Henriques , Martínez Isabel , Veiga Carlota Margarida 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on psychosocial development and its relation with school is key for adolescent students’ well-being. This study aims to complement existing research by understanding how adolescents‘ psychosocial development and student engagement in school differ according to age and gender. Participants were 708 students in early and late adolescence, including girls and boys. The study used a short version of Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages Inventory and the Student Engagement in School Four-Dimensional Scale. Results showed a significant decline from early to late adolescence for psychosocial trust and identity and all dimensions of student engagement in school. They also stressed the differences between girls and boys, which persisted from early to late adolescence. The results underlined that schools’ difficulty in addressing gender stereotypes and student engagement decreased. These findings challenge schools to go beyond academics and offer specific directions for enhancing adolescents’ psychosocial development and engagement in school.
“The Problems that we have Today, are Yesterday’s Solutions”: Enabling Circular Non-toxic Supply Chains
Authors: Börjeson Natasja , Ågerstrand Marlene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Today’s production and consumption are increasingly overusing and polluting natural resources. In response, actors globally are developing circular economy strategies to use resources such as materials and products in a sustainable way. An important but often neglected part of the circular economy is hazardous chemicals. These are part of everyday products and when recycled they become part of the resource cycle. This paper discusses the management of circular non-toxic supply chains, focusing on goal conflicts and synergies in policy and regulation, issues of transparency and traceability in supply chains, and difficult trade-offs and knowledge gaps regarding circularity and end-of-life. The exploratory study builds on semi-structured interviews and reference group discussions with respondents from the chemicals management and circular economy sectors. The results show that the transition to a circular non-toxic economy is impeded by insufficient legislation, policy incoherence and low supply chain transparency and traceability. This leads to the circulation of hazardous chemicals in materials and products, including legacy chemicals, significantly increasing consumer and environmental exposure. The findings illustrate how designing products and materials to be non-toxic from the start creates synergies and opportunities for a sustainable use of resources and how a hazard-based approach to risk management promotes circularity and safer consumer products. It also identifies relevant management and policy steps to achieve a circular, non-toxic economy as part of the transition to a society that meets today’s environmental and resource challenges.
Observationally constrained estimates of the annual Arctic sea-ice volume budget 2010–2022
Authors: Heorton Harold , Tsamados Michel , Landy Jack , Holland Paul R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sea-ice floating in the Arctic ocean is a constantly moving, growing and melting layer. The seasonal cycle of sea-ice volume has an average amplitude of

$10\,000\,\mathrm{km}^3$

or 9 trillion tonnes of sea ice. The role of dynamic redistribution of sea ice is observable during winter growth by the incorporation of satellite remote sensing of ice thickness, concentration and drift. Recent advances in the processing of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry data have allowed for the retrieval of summer sea-ice thickness. This allows for a full year of a purely remote sensing-derived ice volume budget analysis.
Here, we present the closed volume budget of Arctic sea ice over the period October 2010–May 2022 revealing the key contributions to summer melt and minimum sea-ice volume and extent. We show the importance of ice drift to the inter-annual variability in Arctic sea-ice volume and the regional distribution of sea ice. The estimates of specific areas of sea-ice growth and melt provide key information on sea-ice over-production, the excess volume of ice growth compared to melt. The statistical accuracy of each key region of the Arctic is presented, revealing the current accuracy of knowledge of Arctic sea-ice volume from observational sources.
Do external threats increase bipartisanship in the United States? An experimental test in the shadow of China's rise
Authors: Yeung Eddy S. F. , Xu Weifang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Do external threats increase American bipartisanship? We subject this question to an experimental test. Leveraging the Biden and Trump administrations’ similar characterization of the China threat, we exposed American respondents to real-world primes about security threats from China, while randomizing the messenger of such primes. We find that the threat primes—regardless of the partisan identity of their messenger—boosted Democrats’ and Republicans’ support for assertive foreign policy in a largely parallel manner, thereby failing to reduce preference polarization. Importantly, there were no measurable changes across multiple indicators of affective polarization. These findings clarify the limits of external threats in uniting Americans, while also challenging recent perspectives that external threats—often colored by elite rhetoric—will further polarize the American public.
The epiphytic leprose Leprocaulon inexpectatum sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Leprocaulaceae) from Italy and its photosynthetic partner Symbiochloris
Authors: Gheza Gabriele , Malíček Jiří , Vančurová Lucie , Feiertag Doris , Nascimbene Juri , Mayrhofer Helmut 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLeprocaulon inexpectatum is described here as a new lichen species and the fourth member of the genus known from Europe. It is characterized by the crustose-granulose, blue-grey to bluish green thallus composed of ±discrete, soredia-like granules c. 45–70 μm in diameter, and the production of usnic acid and zeorin. Based on ITS rDNA, the lichen is closely related to the saxicolous American species L. beechingii. The new species is reported here from numerous localities in north-western Italy. It occurs on the bark of oaks, chestnut, and black locust in open deciduous forests, often in floodplain ecosystems. Our investigation of its photobiont identity using ITS, 18S and rbcL demonstrated that its symbiotic partner represents an undescribed species within the genus Symbiochloris (Trebouxiophyceae). We provide an identification key to sterile crustose sorediate lichens containing usnic acid and zeorin found in Europe.
A heroism for the new times in the protest songs of Gerhard Gundermann
Authors: Robb David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The story of East German singer-songwriter Gerhard Gundermann provides a vibrant illustration of a much-neglected area of protest song history. Gundermann, who died prematurely in 1998 at the age of 43, was an excavator driver in an open cast mine for most of his adult life. A stalwart of the singing club and Liedertheater (song theatre) movements in the GDR, he emerged after 1990 as a musical and poetic mouthpiece for the culturally and economically marginalised ‘losers’ of German unification. This article will examine Gundermann's utopian aesthetic: how he creatively transformed a socialist realist ideal of the heroic into a new narrative persona that addressed the democratic deficits of the GDR and later the growing environmental threat. It will also link his utopianism to his deep entanglement with the state, as reflected in his role as a Stasi informer in his early career. While Gundermann's case is symptomatic of the GDR's heavily state-monitored music scene, this article will also set his work within the wider context of international protest and environmental song.
Moral Mimesis: Confucian Education for the Lesser, Women, and Children
Authors: Kim Heisook 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Core moral concepts in Confucianism, such as benevolence, righteousness, and faithfulness, are often so vague that in moral teachings one must rely on intuitive understanding aided by metaphor and etymology that illustrate them. In addition, case stories play a crucial role in clarifying these abstract moral concepts. Confucian ethics heavily depends on stories of wise men and exemplary figures who have been revered throughout Confucian history. In this paper, I will explore the role of examples in Confucian ethics, particularly within the context of moral education.
Recursive subtyping for all
Authors: ZHOU LITAO , ZHOU YAODA , WAN QIANYONG , OLIVEIRA BRUNO C. D. S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recursive types and bounded quantification are prominent features in many modern programming languages, such as Java, C#, Scala, or TypeScript. Unfortunately, the interaction between recursive types, bounded quantification, and subtyping has shown to be problematic in the past. Consequently, defining a simple foundational calculus that combines those features and has desirable properties, such as decidability, transitivity of subtyping, conservativity, and a sound and complete algorithmic formulation, has been a long-time challenge.
This paper shows how to extend

$F_{\le}$

with iso-recursive types in a new calculus called

$F_{\le}^{\mu}$

.

$F_{\le}$

is a well-known polymorphic calculus with bounded quantification. In

$F_{\le}^{\mu}$

, we add iso-recursive types and correspondingly extend the subtyping relation with iso-recursive subtyping using the recently proposed nominal unfolding rules. In addition, we use so-called structural folding/unfolding rules for typing iso-recursive expressions, inspired by the structural unfolding rule proposed by Abadi et al. (1996). The structural rules add expressive power to the more conventional folding/unfolding rules in the literature, and they enable additional applications. We present several results, including: type soundness; transitivity; the conservativity of

$F_{\le}^{\mu}$

over

$F_{\le}$

; and a sound and complete algorithmic formulation of

$F_{\le}^{\mu}$

. We study two variants of

$F_{\le}^{\mu}$

. The first one uses an extension of the

$\textrm{kernel}~F_{\le}$

(a well-known decidable variant of

$F_{\le}$

). This extension accepts equivalent rather than equal bounds and is shown to preserve decidable subtyping. The second variant employs the

$\textrm{full}~F_{\le}$

rule for bounded quantification and has undecidable subtyping. Moreover, we also study an extension of the kernel version of

$F_{\le}^{\mu}$

, called

$F_{\le\ge}^{\mu\wedge}$

, with a form of intersection types and lower bounded quantification. All the properties from the kernel version of

$F_{\le}^{\mu}$

are preserved in

$F_{\le\ge}^{\mu\wedge}$

. All the results in this paper have been formalized in the Coq theorem prover.