bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norge og EU: Betydningen av medlemskap
Authors: Rieker Pernille , Gunnarsdottir Elsa Lilja 
Published: December 2023

Europa er i endring, og vi ser nå en gryende diskusjon om Norges forhold til EU. Dette er nødvendig ettersom Norges avtaler med EU ble fremforhandlet i en tid da verden så veldig annerledes ut. Den sittende regjeringen besluttet våren 2022 å sette sammen et utvalg for å vurdere erfaringene med EØS-avtalen de siste ti årene eller siden sist gang en omfattende utredning av Norges avtaler med EU ble foretatt i 2012 (NOU 2012: 2). I tillegg til å få i oppdrag å vurdere norske erfaringer med EØS-avtalen, har utvalget blitt bedt om å vurdere erfaringene Storbritannia (siden brexit), Sveits og Canada har fra sitt avtalebaserte samarbeid med EU. Det regjeringen derimot ikke har bedt utvalget om, er å gjøre en tilsvarende vurdering av hva et eventuelt norsk medlemskap i EU ville betydd for ulike sektorer. Selv om det ikke er vanskelig å finne en politisk forklaring på hvorfor medlemskapsalternativet ble utelatt i regjeringens mandat til utvalget, så finnes det ingen god faglig begrunnelse for det ettersom medlemskap er et reelt alternativ. Med denne fokusspalten ønsker vi derfor å supplere utvalgets rapport, som er planlagt publisert våren 2024, med en analyse av medlemskapsalternativet.
Abstract in English:Norway and the EU: The Significance of MembershipEurope is changing and we are now seeing an emerging discussion about Norway’s relationship with the EU. This is necessary, since Norway’s agreements with the EU were negotiated at a time when the world looked very different. The current government decided in the spring of 2022 to put together a committee to assess experience with the EEA agreement over the past ten years (the last time a comprehensive investigation/evaluation of Norway’s agreements with the EU was conducted was in 2012). In addition to being tasked with assessing Norway’s experience with the EEA agreement, the committee was asked to assess the experiences of Great Britain (since Brexit), Switzerland and Canada in regards to their agreements with the EU. The government did not asked the committee, however, to carry out a corresponding assessment of what a possible Norwegian EU membership would mean for different sectors. Although it is not difficult to find a political explanation for why the membership option was not included in the mandate the government granted the committee, there are no good research-based justifications for this, as membership is indeed an option. With this special issue, we therefore wish to supplement the committee’s report, which is scheduled to be published in the spring 2024, with an analysis of the membership option.
Blood flow reconstruction in portal vein anatomical variations in right lobe living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Kolyshev I. Yu. , Bashkov A. N. , Artemyev V. I. , Rudakov V. S. , Shabalin M. V. , Popov M. V. , Sushkov A. I. , Vohmyanin G. V. 
Published: December 2023

Background. Adequate restoration of blood flow through the portal vein in the graft is only possible with a clear understanding of its anatomy in the donor.The aim was to describe new and extend current data on the portal vein anatomy in a donor of the right liver lobe, to describe variants and formulate principles of portal reconstruction in right lobe living donor liver transplantation.Material and methods. 306 living donor liver transplantations were performed from 2009 to 2021 in the State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The vascular anatomy of 518 potential donors was analyzed. Portal vein variants of the anatomy of right lobe graft were assessed.Results. Nine types and 3 subtypes of portal vein branching were evaluated. A, B, C, D, E types match the types described earlier in Nakamura classification. Subtypes B1, B2 и D1 are specifications of types B and D. Types F, G, H, I have been described additionally. The incidence of types and subtypes where reconstruction was made: type A (82%), B (4.6%), B1 (3.9%), B2 (1.3%), C (3.9%), D (3.9%). The incidence of E, G, H, I types among 518 potential donors was 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.2%, 0.4%, respectively. The recipient portal vein complications were detected in 12 cases (3.9%), where 3(25%) were Class 3b according to Clavien-Dindo and 9(75%) of Clavien-Dindo Class 2. There were no correlations between portal vein complications and the method of portal vein reconstruction. (p<0.05). No complications occurred with portal vein in donors.Conclusion. The existing classification of right liver graft portal vein has been updated and detailed. A certain way of reconstruction has been proposed for each portal vein type. Anatomical types in which donation and transplantation are contraindicated have been specified.
Effect of tocilizumab on pulmonary gas exchange function in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Lebedev D. A. , Dolya Yu. Kh. , Savkov G. E. , Godkov M. A. , Klychnikova E. V. , Shakotko А. P. , Kosolapov D. A. , Kuznetsov S. N. , Kvasnikov A. M. , Vrabiy Yu. N. , Kiselev K. V. , Poluektova V. B. , Petrikov S. S. , Popugaev K. A. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. COVID-19 causes cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which can lead to severe lung damage and multiple organ dysfunction. Early use of monoclonal antibodies has shown promising results in cytokine storm therapy, but the effects on lung gas exchange function have not yet been studied.Aim. To evaluate the effect of tocilizumab on the dynamics of gas exchange parameters in patients with severe COVID-19. Material and methods. The study included 26 patients in whom gas exchange parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, P/f ratio), blood oxygen saturation (saturation), respiration rate, duration and parameters of high-flow oxygen therapy and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, length of stay in intensive care unit and total hospital length of stay were assessed.Results. Tocilizumab significantly improved oxygenation on the third day (p=0.001) from the time of drug administration.Conclusion. In the presented and analyzed cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 and cytokine storm, the normalization and significant increase of oxygenation parameters (PaO2, p=0.001; P/f ratio, p=0.001) were observed within three days after a single-dose tocilizumab administration in a complex intensive therapy. No significant dynamics in the respiratory support parameters was revealed, nor an effect of this therapy on the duration of the respiratory support or the reduction in the aggressiveness of its parameters was observed within three days after tocilizumab administration (p>0.05).
Dynamics of cognitive functions in patients with hemoblastosis treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kuznetsova T. A. , Grandilevskaya I. V. , Obidin I. Yu. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The number of bone marrow transplantations is increasing worldwide. However, the issue of cognitive impairments following this procedure in hematologic malignancies remains poorly investigated.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the level and dynamics of memory and attention parameters in oncological patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Material and methods. The study was conducted in three stages: pre-operation and two post-operation stages, on days 21 and 60, with control points corresponding to medical protocol milestones. The study involved 43 patients aged 18 to 62, including 22 males and 21 females.Results. The study revealed that most memory-related parameters were at low levels, which may be attributed to preoperative chemotherapy, and further decreased cognitive functions throughout the study (p=0.014, p=0.082, statistically significant in both cases). Attention assessment results indicated predominantly normal levels, while attention-switching parameters decreased from the second to the third stage of the study (p=0.33). The affective sphere before bone marrow transplantation was characterized by depressive symptoms at the sub-depressive level and upper bounds of situational anxiety. By the third stage of the study, these variables gradually decreased to normal values (p=0.03, p=0.07).Conclusions. In the context of this study, a decline in cognitive functions, including mediated, short-term, long-term, and mechanical memory, was observed. A similar trend was noted in attention concentration and attention-switching capabilities.
Modern view on calcification of xenogenic bioprosthetic heart valves and their anti-calcification treatment strategies
Authors: Kostyunin A. E. , Glushkova T. V. , Stasev A. N. , Ovcharenko E. A. 
Published: December 2023

Aim. The aim of this review was to analyze publications describing studies focusing on the pathophysiological mechanisms of calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves, and to substantiate new and promising methods of calcification prevention for the implantable medical devices.Material and methods. Databases and electronic libraries such as PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary were used for searching relevant articles. Search queries included the following word combinations: “bioprosthetic heart valves”, “structural valve degeneration”, “calcification”, “cyclic loading”, “inflammation”, “proteolysis”, “proteolytic enzymes”, “decellularization”, “anticalcification treatment”. The references in relevant articles were used for the search as well. Preference was given to works published from January 2013 to January 2023.Results. We have considered the key aspects of bioprosthetic heart valves calcification and the main strategies of calcification prevention. Calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves incorporates a complex set of mechanisms that includes, but is not limited to: 1) binding of calcium in chemically stabilized biomaterial by free groups of the preservative; 2) precipitation of calcium on residual donor cells and cell debris; 3) pro-calcifying changes in biological material due to proteolysis, mechanical and oxidative stress; 4) cell-mediated biomineralization. Despite modern advances in biopreservation, such as treatment with chemical agents that prevent the deposition of calcium, the problem of bioprosthetic heart valves calcification still prevails. The cause of it lies in the heterogeneity of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the mineralization of biomaterial: the currently developed methods of calcification prevention cannot block all ways of bioprosthetic heart valves calcification.Conclusion. Calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves leaflets is a complex process that underlies the main cause of dysfunction of the medical devices. Supposedly, a new innovative approach that involves polymer hydrogel filler in biomaterials can completely prevent its calcification.
The role of oxygenation in kidney and liver machine perfusion
Authors: Novruzbekov M. S. , Balkarov A. G. , Anosova E. Yu. , Dmitriev I. V. , Anisimov Yu. A. , Zhuravel N. S. , Klychnikova E. V. , Bogdanova A. S. , Yaremin B. I. 
Published: December 2023

Background. Organ transplantation is the optimal decision for patients in the end stage of many diseases. Certain conditions are required for the transportation and preservation of a donor organ after explantation, including factors such as temperature, pressure, and preservative solution. All currently available methods of preservation of donor organs are aimed at maximizing the complete preservation of the functional state of the graft from the moment of its removal to implantation and reperfusion in the recipient's body.Aim. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the results of the studies performed in order to decide on the preferred method of organ preservation.Material and methods. An analysis of literature sources in English and Russian from 2009 to 2023 on this topic was performed in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar. The review highlights the results of preclinical (on animal models) and clinical studies, as well as achievements in the field of ex-vivo machine perfusion with an emphasis on machine hypothermic perfusion and modified oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion, subnormothermic machine perfusion and machine normothermic perfusion.Results. The daily increase in the number of patients in need of organ transplantation delays the timely selection and search for a donor. Organ donation after cardiac death is a promising step in an attempt to overcome the disbalance between the number of patients and organs, but the risk of developing early graft damage increases. The criteria for selecting donors and donor organs are being expanded, as a result, elderly donors and not-optimal grafts are included, but they are less resistant to ischemic damage. In this connection, there is a need for long-term infusion support through machine perfusion.Conclusion. In recent years, research has focused on alternative preservation methods, studying hypothermic, subnormothermic and normothermic machine perfusion. The use of machine perfusion has become the most widespread among kidney transplants and has shown good results. Further development is expected in the field of studying and improving this method of organ preservation, which allows not only transporting, but also improving the functional state of the graft.
Analysis of Atmospheric Air Pollutants using Lichens as a Bio-monitor by Calibration Free-Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Technique
Authors: Mamo Dilbetigle Assefa , Chaubey Ashok Kumar , Hailu Awoke Taddesse , Hibstie Asres Yihunie 
Published: December 2023

Biomonitoring provides information on the quality of the environment or its modification and has been used as an alternative to monitoring chemical pollutants. The lichen bio-monitoring technique and calibration Free-Laser induced Breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) were used to study trace element atmospheric deposition in five areas of Addis Ababa city. The emission of air pollutants, mainly from anthropogenic sources, has led to the degradation of air quality. The element contents of the transplanted Epiphytic lichen were determined in the vicinity of different heavy traffic and small industry places. We identified twenty-one elements (Fe, Ti, U, V, Ni, Eu, Zr, Sr, Ba, Hf, Na, K, Sc, Si, Al, Mg, Ca, C, N, O, and H). Calibration Free-Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and semi-quantitative methods were used to calculate the concentration of pollutants to point out the most polluted areas for the chemical analysis. Dried samples of the lichen containing heavy pollutants elements like Fe, Ti, Sr, Sc, Ba, Ni, Eu, and Zn are found, and their concentration is determined. Comparison of the elemental concentration in lichen samples transplanted in 4-kilo and science faculty compound with those the Bola airport, central bus station, and Laghar train station reveals that the science faculty compound and 4-kilo areas show a considerably higher concentration of most elements in the lichen than observed in the other areas of the city where lichen samples have been transplanted. Advanced MATLAB algorithm have been used for data analysis.
COMORBID DISORDERS OF THE SLEEP CYCLE – AWAKENESS IN KINDLING RATS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF USING THE H₃ RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PITOLISANT
Authors: Yehorenko O.S. 
Published: December 2023

Studies of the neuropathophysiological mechanisms of chronic epileptic activity, whicharise with the participation of the endogenous histaminergic system of the brain, allowus to justify effective complex means of controlling both convulsive manifestations andcomorbid states, which include sleep and wakefulness disorders.Aim of the work – to study the characteristics of the sleep-wake cycle in rats with PTZinduced kindling under the condition of using the H3 receptor antagonist pitolisant.Methods. The kindling syndrome was induced in Wistar rats by daily administration ofpentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35.0 mg/kg, i. p.) for three weeks. In rats in the course of kindlingdevelopment, pitolisant (5,0 mg/kg, i. p.) was used for 30 min before epileptogen administration.Research results. In rats with developed kindling, the paradoxical sleep phase wasreduced to 7,1% of the total observation period (4 hours) and its fragmentation increased39,7% and the latent period of paradoxical sleep was 24,0% less compared to the controlgroup (P<0,05). Pitolizant treatment was accompanied by an increase in the durationof the awake phase, which was 29% of the total observation time (P>0,05). At the sametime, the duration of paradoxical sleep was 11,6% (P>0,05), and the slow-wave sleepphase was 71,0% (P>0,05). The number of sleep-wake cycles unreliably exceeded theindicator in the control group 17,2% (P>0,05). Latent periods of falling asleep exceededthe indicator in the control group 44,1% (P<0,05) and at the same time was higher thanin kindling rats 60,2% (P<0,05). The latency period of paradoxical sleep was 34.2%higher than kindling rats (P<0.05).
Conclusions. The formation of PTZ-kindling is accompanied by a reduction in the latent period of emergence and the total duration of the paradoxical phase of sleep, as well as an increase in its fragmentation. Blocking of H3 histamine receptors by pitolisan during the formation of kindling by administration of pentylenetetrazol prevents the occurrence of wake-sleep cycle disorders.
Транскаспійський міжнародний транспортний маршрут: нові можливості для діалогу та співпраці..
Authors: Медеубаєва Жанар , Таштемханова Райхан , Тугаєв Аллаберген 
Published: December 2023

Вторгнення Росії до України та санкції, накладені на агресора, радикально змінили карту транспортно-логістичних зв’язків у Євразії. Випадіння російського сектора з логістичного ланцюжка відкрило можливості для таких країн, як Казахстан, посилює позиції України ефективніше реалізувати свій транзитний потенціал як зв’язувальної ланки між Сходом та Заходом.
Президент Республіки Казахстан К-Ж. Токаєв доручив Уряду РК опрацювати альтернативні маршрути комунікації та перевезення вантажів, означив завдання диверсифікації товарів, назвавши пріоритетним напрямком Транскаспійський маршрут. Слід особливо відзначити, що активний пошук Казахстаном альтернативних можливостей реалізації логістичного потенціалу матиме не лише політико-економічний ефект, а й сприятиме розвитку та зміцненню дружніх відносин та багатогранних зв’язків між Азією та Європою, у тому числі у духовній сфері.
Війна в Україні надала імпульсу усвідомленню головної ціннісної ідеї міжнародного права – ідеї миру та всебічного співробітництва, захисту рівних можливостей між державами та їх цілісності, незважаючи на існуючі між ними відмінності. Ця ідея визначає головний зміст основних принципів міжнародного права, втілених, але зневажених у багатьох міжнародно-правових актах. Порушення Росією усіляких принципів міжнародного права націлює на необхідність вироблення ефективних колективних заходів світовим співтовариством для запобігання та усунення загрози миру, придушення актів агресії у ключових сферах життєдіяльності. У цьому контексті зростає значимість Транскаспійського міжнародного транспортного маршруту (далі – ТМТМ), який є мультимодальним шляхом перевезень та альтернативою російському Транссибу для доставки вантажів із КНР до Європи.
Ключові слова: Казахстан, Україна, Китай, Транскаспійський маршрут, логістика, співпраця.
The role of kisspeptin in the pathogenesis of a polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Aasif Adiba , Alam Roshan , Ahsan Haseeb , Khan Mohammad Mustufa , Khan Arshiya , Khan Saba 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there is a disturbance in the HPG axis. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide produced by the KISS1 gene, plays a vital role in the regulation of HPG axis by binding with its receptors KISS1R/GPR54, and stimulates gonadotropin secretion from the hypothalamus into pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Polymorphisms or mutations in the KISS1 gene can cause disturbance in the kisspeptin signaling pathway and is thought to disrupt HPG axis. Altered signaling of kisspeptin can cause abnormal secretion of GnRH pulse, which leads to increased LH/FSH ratio, thereby affecting androgen levels and ovulation. The increased levels of androgen worsen the symptoms of PCOS. In the present article, we review the molecular physiology and pathology of kisspeptin and how it is responsible for the development of PCOS. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview and metabolic profile of kisspeptin in PCOS patients and the expression of kisspeptin in PCOS animal models. In the present article, we also review the molecular physiology and pathology of kisspeptin and how it is responsible for the development of PCOS.
The Right to Decide on Marriage of People in Le Mon Industrial Park, Thanh Hoa City, Under the Impact of Industrialization and Urbanization
Authors: Duyen Nguyen Thi , Thuy Dao Thanh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The process of industrialization and urbanization has been affecting the concept and practice of marital relations in general and of communities in the outskirts of industrial zones in particular. This impact process is clearly shown in the trend of late marriage, wide connection radius, variable selection standards for communication systems. The right to decide on marriage gradually shifts from parents to children, the model of residence and cohabitation after marriage is more independent, the trend of early household separation of newlywed couples. In addition, industrialization and urbanization also have the effect of making marital relationships looser, including the right to decide on marriage, the model of residence and living together after marriage. Research on the right to decide on marriage of the residential community on the outskirts of Le Mon industrial zone, Thanh Hoa city will focus on analyzing the right to decide on marriage, the time of marriage, and the impact of the issue on the right to decide on marriage of the suburban residential community, before and after the establishment of an industrial park in Le Mon industrial park, Thanh Hoa city.
Traceability of Architectural Design Decisions and Software Artifacts: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Hyun Santiago , Hurtado Julio Ariel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The definition of architecture is a crucial task in software development, where the architect is responsible for making the right decisions to meet specific functional and quality requirements. These architectural design decisions form the foundation that shapes the arrangement of elements within a system. Unfortunately, these decisions are often poorly documented, implicit in various artifacts, or inadequately updated, leading to negative consequences on the maintainability of a system and resulting in rework and cost overruns. The objective of this systematic mapping study is to comprehend the current state regarding approaches for traceability of architectural design decisions and how these decisions are linked with the different artifacts used in software development. To achieve this, an information extraction protocol is followed, utilizing databases with search strings, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. The findings demonstrate that this knowledge is highly relevant; however, it is rarely explicitly documented. As a result, most works propose diverse approaches to extract this knowledge from existing technical documentation, commonly used tools, and other sources of product and process information. In contrast, it is evident that there is no standard for documenting design decisions, leading each author to present a subjective version of what is important and where to trace these decisions. This suggests that there is still a significant amount of research to be conducted regarding the traceability of these architectural design decisions and their connection with software artifacts. Such research could lead to intriguing new proposals for investigation.