bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal circFAM63Bsuppresses bone regeneration of postmenopausal osteoporosis via regulating miR‐578/HMGA2 axis
Authors: Li Feng , Zhao Xiaodong , Zhang Yang , Zhuang Qingshan , Wang Song , Fang Xichi , Xu Tao , Li Xiaopeng , Chen Gaoyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) affects hundreds of millions of elderly women worldwide. The imbalance between osteoblast‐mediated bone formation and osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption is the key factor in the progression of PMOP. Recently, exosomal circular RNAs have been considered as critical regulators in physiological and pathological progress. However, their roles in PMOP still require further exploration. Herein, we identified that the expression of exosomal circFAM63B significantly increased in PMOP patients and is closely related to bone density. We further demonstrated that circFAM63B inhibits osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and bone formation in ovariectomy mice by using a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiment strategies. Mechanistically, circFAM63B promotes HMGA2 expression by inhibiting miR‐578, thereby suppressing bone repair. Our study proved that exosomal circFAM63B suppresses the bone regeneration of PMOP by regulating the miR‐578/HMGA2 axis, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and development of PMOP. Knocking down exosomal circFAM63B could be regarded as a new strategy for the treatment of PMOP.
Impact of dietary inflammatory index on gingival health
Authors: Reis Roberta Andrade , Stolf Camila Schmidt , de Carvalho Sampaio Helena Alves , da Costa Silva Bruna Yhang , Özlü Tuğçe , Kenger Emre Batuhan , Miguel Manuela Maria Vianal , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Monteiro Mabelle de Freitas , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal disease is a biofilm‐dependent chronic inflammatory condition triggered by a host response. Several factors impact systemic inflammation and could lead to changes in disease pathogenesis. Recently, studies have assessed the influence of nutritional patterns on the development of periodontitis. In the present cross‐sectional study, we evaluated the dietary inflammatory profile on periodontal conditions, focusing on clinical, subgingival microbial, and cytokine assessment of individuals with periodontal health or gingivitis.MethodsOne hundred patients with periodontal health or gingivitis were included. Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on probing (BoP), the probing depth (PD), and the clinical attachment level (CAL) for each patient were assessed. Nutritional data and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) were recorded by two 24‐h food recalls on non‐consecutive days. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to assess the microbiome profile and inflammatory biomarkers were collected. Multiple regressions focused on the DII, age, and sex as predictors of periodontal conditions were done.ResultsAge and moderate DII scores increased the risk of gingivitis by 1.64 and 3.94 times, respectively. Males with an elevated DII score had 27.15 times higher odds of being diagnosed with gingivitis and BoP (β = 6.54; p = 0.03). Elderly patients with a moderate or high DII score were less prone to gingivitis and increased BoP (p < 0.04) compared with younger subjects. Considering the DII, there were no differences in microbial alpha and beta diversity; however, distinct species abundance and a higher concentration of monocyte‐chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin 33 were seen in patients with a higher DII.ConclusionA pro‐inflammatory diet significantly contributes to periodontal inflammation, modulating inflammatory biomarkers and affecting the subgingival microbial community in healthy individuals.
Water‐Induced Expanded Bilayer Vascular Graft with Good Hemocompatibility and Biocompatibility
Authors: Zhang Quanchao , Chen Jingyi , Wang Huiwen , Xie Denghang , Yang Zhiwei , Hu Jian , Luo Honglin , Wan Yizao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShape memory polymer (SMP) vascular grafts are promising interventional vascular grafts for cardiovascular disease (CAD) treatment; However, hemocompatibility and biocompatibility, which are the critical issues for the SMP vascular grafts, are not systematically concerned. Furthermore, the water‐induced SMP grafts are more convenient and safer than the thermally induced ones in case of the bioapplication. Herein, in this work, the new water‐induced expanded bilayer vascular graft with the inner layer of crosslinked poly(ε‐caprolactone) (cPCL) and the outer layer of water‐induced SMP of regenerated chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (RCS/PVA) are prepared by hot pressing and programming approaches. The results show that the inner and outer layer surfaces of the prepared grafts are smooth, and they exhibit good interfacial interaction properties. The bilayer grafts show good mechanical properties and can be expanded in water with a diameter expansion of ≈30%. When compared with commercial expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), the bilayer graft shows better hemocompatibility (platelet adhesion, hemolysis rate, various clotting times, and plasma recalcification time (PRT)) and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, which thus is a promising material for the vascular graft.
Concomitant traumatic brain injury as a determinant of survival, and neurological and functional outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Furlan Julio C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not infrequently associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), there is relatively scarce information about the effects of concomitant TBI on outcomes after SCI.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of concomitant mild‐to‐moderate TBI on survival, and neurological and functional outcomes within the first year after acute traumatic SCI.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcute spine trauma centers in the United States.ParticipantsThis study includes all individuals who were enrolled into the Third National Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS‐3). The study population was classified into SCI + TBI group and SCI‐alone group. TBI was defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale score <15 on admission.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresBoth groups were compared regarding their survival and neurological outcomes (ie, NASCIS motor, sensory and pain scores) and functional outcome (ie, Functional Independence Measure score) within the first year following SCI. Data analyses were adjusted for major potential confounders.ResultsThere were 413 individuals in the SCI‐alone group and 86 individuals in the SCI + TBI group (17.2%). Both groups were comparable regarding gender distribution (p = .621). However, the SCI + TBI group was older (p < .001), had a higher proportion of complete (p = .006) and cervical SCI (p = .003), and had a higher blood alcohol level (p < .001) than the SCI‐alone group. The SCI + TBI group did not significantly differ from the SCI‐alone group regarding survival within the first year after SCI (p = .768). Among the survivors, concomitant mild‐to‐moderate TBI did not significantly affect neurological and functional outcomes at 1 year after SCI in the multiple regression analyses after adjusting for major potential confounders.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that concomitant mild‐to‐moderate TBI did not have a significant impact on survival, neurological recovery, and functional outcomes at 1 year after SCI, even though there were some epidemiological differences between SCI‐alone and SCI + TBI groups.
Engineering highly stable variants of Corynactis californica green fluorescent proteins
Authors: Hung Li‐Wei , Terwilliger Thomas C. , Waldo Geoffrey S. , Nguyen Hau B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFluorescent proteins (FPs) are versatile biomarkers that facilitate effective detection and tracking of macromolecules of interest in real time. Engineered FPs such as superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) and superfolder Cherry (sfCherry) have exceptional refolding capability capable of delivering fluorescent readout in harsh environments where most proteins lose their native functions. Our recent work on the development of a split FP from a species of strawberry anemone, Corynactis californica, delivered pairs of fragments with up to threefold faster complementation than split GFP. We present the biophysical, biochemical, and structural characteristics of five full‐length variants derived from these split C. californica GFP (ccGFP). These ccGFP variants are more tolerant under chemical denaturation with up to 8 kcal/mol lower unfolding free energy than that of the sfGFP. It is likely that some of these ccGFP variants could be suitable as biomarkers under more adverse environments where sfGFP fails to survive. A structural analysis suggests explanations of the variations in stabilities among the ccGFP variants.
Deterministic and stochastic tendency adjustments derived from data assimilation and nudging
Authors: Chapman William E. , Berner Judith 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe develop and compare model‐error representation schemes derived from data assimilation increments and nudging tendencies in multidecadal simulations of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 6. Each scheme applies a bias correction during simulation runtime to the zonal and meridional winds. We quantify the extent to which such online adjustment schemes improve the model climatology and variability on daily to seasonal timescales. Generally, we observe about a 30% improvement to annual upper‐level zonal winds, with largest improvements in boreal spring (around 35%) and winter (around 47%). Despite only adjusting the wind fields, we additionally observe around 20% improvement to annual precipitation over land, with the largest improvements in boreal fall (around 36%) and winter (around 25%), and around 50% improvement to annual sea‐level pressure, globally. With mean‐state adjustments alone, the dominant pattern of boreal low‐frequency variability over the Atlantic (the North Atlantic Oscillation) is significantly improved. Additional stochasticity increases the modal explained variances further, which brings the variability closer to the observed value. A streamfunction tendency decomposition reveals that the improvement is due to an adjustment to the high‐ and low‐frequency eddy–eddy interaction terms. In the Pacific, the mean‐state adjustment alone led to an erroneous deepening of the Aleutian low, but this was remedied with the addition of stochastically selected tendencies. Finally, from a practical standpoint, we discuss the performance of using data assimilation increments versus nudging tendencies for an online model‐error representation.
Modeling the Drug delivery Lifecycle of PLG Nanoparticles Using Intravital Microscopy
Authors: Li Zhuoxuan , Kovshova Tatyana , Malinovskaya Julia , Valikhov Marat , Melnikov Pavel , Osipova Nadezhda , Maksimenko Olga , Dhakal Namrata , Chernysheva Anastasia , Chekhonin Vladimir , Gelperina Svetlana , Wacker Matthias G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolylactide‐co‐glycolide (PLG) nanoparticles hold immense promise for cancer therapy due to their enhanced efficacy and biodegradable matrix structure. Understanding their interactions with blood cells and subsequent biodistribution kinetics is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic potential. In this study, three doxorubicin‐loaded PLG nanoparticle systems are synthesized and characterized, analyzing their size, zeta potential, morphology, and in vitro release behavior. Employing intravital microscopy in 4T1‐tumor‐bearing mice, real‐time blood and tumor distribution kinetics are investigated. A mechanistic pharmacokinetic model is used to analyze biodistribution kinetics. Additionally, flow cytometry is utilized to identify cells involved in nanoparticle hitchhiking. Following intravenous injection, PLG nanoparticles exhibit an initial burst release (<1 min) and rapidly adsorb to blood cells (<5 min), hindering extravasation. Agglomeration leads to the clearance of one carrier species within 3 min. In stable dispersions, drug release rather than extravasation remains the dominant pathway for drug elimination from circulation. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the interplay between competing kinetics that influence the lifecycle of PLG nanoparticles post‐injection. The findings advance the understanding of nanoparticle behavior and lay the foundation for improved cancer therapy strategies using nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems.
Flexible Nanogenerators Based on Enhanced Flexoelectricity in Mn3O4 Membranes
Authors: Chowde Gowda Chinmayee , Cavin John , Kumbhakar Partha , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Mishra Rohan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtomically thin, few‐layered membranes of oxides show unique physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk forms. Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) membranes are exfoliated from the naturally occurring mineral Hausmannite and used to make flexible, high‐performance nanogenerators (NGs). An enhanced power density in the membrane NG is observed with the best‐performing device showing a power density of 7.99 mW m−2 compared to 1.04 µW m−2 in bulk Mn3O4. A sensitivity of 108 mV kPa−1 for applied forces <10 N in the membrane NG is observed. The improved performance of these NGs is attributed to enhanced flexoelectric response in a few layers of Mn3O4. Using first‐principles calculations, the flexoelectric coefficients of monolayer and bilayer Mn3O4 are found to be 50–100 times larger than other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Using a model based on classical beam theory, an increasing activation of the bending mode with decreasing thickness of the oxide membranes is observed, which in turn leads to a large flexoelectric response. As a proof‐of‐concept, flexible NGs using exfoliated Mn3O4 membranes are made and used in self‐powered paper‐based devices. This research paves the way for the exploration of few‐layered membranes of other centrosymmetric oxides for application as energy harvesters.
Radio, Women, and Politics
Authors: Heywood Emma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines women’s empowerment through the role of radio in promoting participation in politics and decision-making approaches. It focuses on the output of two radio studios, one in Niger and one in Mali, which both broadcast a series of women-related programmes on political engagement.Radio as a communicative tool draws on multiple formats to promote listener engagement and information retention. Broadcasts must be designed to be ‘listenable’ for their intended audience, and the format and content must therefore ensure that both the message giver (the radio studio) and the message receiver (the listener) have their information needs met.The chapter analyses the benefits and shortcomings of the formats used by the two studios to allow various voices to be heard and to promote political participation among women in the two countries. In doing so, it questions how the provision of information can help women make first-order strategic choices or decisions on a macro level and whether to engage in politics while meeting their civic responsibilities and gendered expectations.
‘We’re More Than Just a Radio’: Radio Scout and Its Women’s Listening Associations
Authors: Heywood Emma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses a ‘bottom-up’ approach to radio broadcasting drawing on the example of a women-only listening association formed in 2018, as a result of the research in this book, in the outskirts of Niamey, Niger’s capital. The chapter draws on concepts of empowering environments to demonstrate how, through collective solidarity or through power with, women have been able to create and develop their own listening associations. This has given members the opportunity, on the one hand, to meet, discuss, and cascade information, improving their lives and those of their families and communities, and, on the other hand, to set up microcredit facilities as part of these associations enabling them to create small businesses and use the income to the benefit of their families, even sending daughters to school and empowering the next generation. The chapter also shows how women, used to being under the domination of men, recognise their capacity to transform their daily lives by participating in community action. In doing so, shifts in women’s critical consciousness emerge in the chapter from perceiving themselves as secondary or incapable of effecting social change.
Radio, Women IDPs, and Women Journalists
Authors: Heywood Emma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis final chapter brings together the various threads in the book. It builds on empowerment theories already discussed and intertwines them with concepts of trauma, emotional labour, emotions and affect, and affective proximity by examining humanitarian radio journalism broadcast among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Burkina Faso and the provision of practical responses to their information needs. It considers how women journalists at a radio studio cover the plight of women IDPs in Burkina Faso and the strategies they have used for the IDP women to gain a voice but also be listened to, all the while supported by a Western development media (radio) organisation and its funders.It first discusses the problems faced by women examined in previous chapters but now in extreme situations. It then examines how women journalists, by being both women and journalists, navigate social structures to gain access to and responses from the IDP women, and it finally investigates the approaches taken by a media development NGO radio studio to best communicate with their IDP listeners but also advocate on their behalf.
Taner Akçam as Scholar-Activist and Armenian-Turkish Relations
Authors: Theriault Henry C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn important debate in the field of comparative genocide studies emerged about 15 years ago. Should scholars of genocide disconnect themselves from the political and even ethical dimensions of engagement with past genocides and prevention of future genocides? In other words, does being a proper scholar require disinterest, or is it permissible—and even laudable—for a scholar of genocide to take ethical stands and to advocate for intervention against ongoing genocides, justice—however defined—for past cases, and prevention of genocide in the future?The stakes were very high and, as in any academic context, there were numerous factors, possibly including personal ones. Nonetheless, the question of whether scholarship must be engaged or disinterested precipitated a rupture in the membership of the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) and led to the formation of the International Network of Genocide Scholars (INoGS) in the mid-2000s. The latter group espoused the view that activist scholarship favoring a particular ethical, policy, or related position, is necessarily tainted by the scholar’s agenda and thus poor scholarship. Many in the former group maintained the position that not taking ethical and policy stands on issues of justice for past genocides, intervention against ongoing genocides or processes that are leading to genocide, and prevention of future genocides is in effect to act as bystanders. Their silence, moreover, enables ongoing and future genocides and perpetuates the suffering of victims of past genocides and the denials and lack of rectification efforts that is their typical affliction.
Anatomy of the Orbit: Overall Aspects of the Peri- and Intra Orbital Soft Tissues
Authors: Gooris Peter J. J. , Cornelius Carl-Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoft tissue systems in and around the orbit are presented in detail. The complexity of the soft tissue structures and its topographical location provides optimal environment for the delicate globe and supportive elements.Anatomic aspects and the protective and physiological function of the eyelids are described. The secretory lacrimal system and the spread of aqueous fluid along the globe and final drainage will be discussed. Anatomical features of the globe and the accompanying extraocular musculature are highlighted. The involved musculature allows for a most efficient guarantee of function and protection. Participating fat compartments provide a cushion and play a gliding role. The control via the neuro-ophthalmologic pathways, motor-, sensory-, and autonomic innervation is the essential base for the function of the eye.
Imaging of the Orbit: “Current Concepts”
Authors: de Win Maartje M. L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrbital imaging with CT or MRI can be essential in the evaluation of many orbital conditions. Because of its superior bony characterization and fast acquisition, CT is imaging method of first choice in urgent situations like trauma, infection, and evaluation of lesions arising from the orbital wall. Through recent years, CT has also gained a prominent role in (pre)operative planning and navigation, especially through the development of postprocessing software. For the evaluation of more complex orbital disease, MRI is the preferred modality. With its superior soft-tissue differentiation, MRI is useful for determining the extent of orbital lesions, like inflammatory disease, vascular malformations, and orbital tumors. By adding functional MRI techniques, like diffusion and perfusion-weighted imaging, and by combining parameters of different imaging techniques in multiparametric imaging, it is possible to further improve characterization of orbital lesions. In this chapter, the optimal approach to orbital imaging is described, combining knowledge of orbital imaging techniques and imaging indications, together with a structured way of reviewing the orbital images, knowledge of radiological features of common, and more uncommon orbital pathology, and integrating this with the clinical features of the patient.
“The Trouble With Inclusivity:” How Promoting Inclusive Peace Led to an Exclusive Outcome
Authors: Palmiano Federer Julia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter is divided into three parts. The first part discusses how the inclusivity norm localized as all-inclusiveness, and how the discourse around all-inclusiveness resulted in a more exclusive rather than inclusive peace process outcome. Through analyzing the provisions for “inclusive” post-agreement structures and mechanisms in ceasefire agreements and other texts, as well as drawing from accounts from negotiating teams, I analyze how inclusivity localized into all-inclusiveness. The second part looks at the power differentials between the negotiating parties and the NGO mediators in this phase of the peace process and analyses why they did not achieve their intended outcome of displacing the exclusive nature of Myanmar politics. The third part discusses the effects of the norm localization of inclusivity as all-inclusiveness on the Myanmar peace process itself. All-inclusiveness actually reified existing identity divisions between EAGs and other armed actors. NGO mediator’s lack of control over the process’ outcome was also illustrated in the conflation of ceasefire agreement and peace agreement logic, and the inclusion of armed actors and non-armed actors.