bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between intraoperative blood pressure variability and postoperative acute kidney injury in pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Xiao Rong , Luo Ming , Yu Hong , Zhang Yan , Long Feng , Li Weina , Zhou Ronghua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a notably common complication in pediatrics, with an incidence rate ranging from 15 to 64%. This rate is significantly higher than that observed in adults. Currently, there is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the association between intraoperative blood pressure variability (BPV) during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the development of AKI in pediatric patients.

Methods
This retrospective observational study encompassed children aged 0–7 years undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Intraoperative BPV was calculated using coefficients of variation (CVs) and the area under the curve (AUC). Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify risk factors associated with CSA-AKI.

Results
Among 570 patients (median age 1 year) reviewed, 36.1% developed CSA-AKI (68.9% risk stage, 22.8% injury stage, and 8.3% failure stage). After adjusting for other variables, male gender (OR = 2.044, 95% CI 1.297–3.222, P = 0.002), congenital heart surgery risk assessment grade (RACHS-1) classification ≥ 3 (OR = 0.510, 95% CI 0.307–0.846, P = 0.009), longer CPB time (OR = 1.022, 95% CI 1.007–1.037, P = 0.004) and higher peak value of intraoperative vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) (OR = 1.072, 95% CI 1.026–1.119, P = 0.002) were identified as independent risk factors for CSA-AKI. ± 30% AUCm was different in univariate analysis (P = 0.014), however, not statistically different in multifactor analysis (P = 0.610).

Conclusion
Greater BPV, specifically MAP variations exceeding 30% AUC during CPB, may be a potential risk factor for CSA-AKI in pediatric patients. Further large sample clinical studies are warranted to analyze the correlation between BPV and CSA-AKI.

Graphical abstract
Differentially private explanations for aggregate query answers
Authors: Tao Yuchao , Gilad Amir , Machanavajjhala Ashwin , Roy Sudeepa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Differential privacy (DP) is the state-of-the-art and rigorous notion of privacy for answering aggregate database queries while preserving the privacy of sensitive information in the data. In today’s era of data analysis, however, it poses new challenges for users to understand the trends and anomalies observed in the query results: Is the unexpected answer due to the data itself, or is it due to the extra noise that must be added to preserve DP? In the second case, even the observation made by the users on query results may be wrong. In the first case, can we still mine interesting explanations from the sensitive data while protecting its privacy? To address these challenges, we present a three-phase framework DPXPlain, which is the first system to the best of our knowledge for explaining group-by aggregate query answers with DP. In its three phases, DPXPlain (a) answers a group-by aggregate query with DP, (b) allows users to compare aggregate values of two groups and with high probability assesses whether this comparison holds or is flipped by the DP noise, and (c) eventually provides an explanation table containing the approximately ‘top-k’ explanation predicates along with their relative influences and ranks in the form of confidence intervals, while guaranteeing DP in all steps. We perform an extensive experimental analysis of DPXPlain with multiple use-cases on real and synthetic data showing that DPXPlain efficiently provides insightful explanations with good accuracy and utility.
Accuracy of full arch scans performed with nine different scanning patterns– an in vitro study
Authors: Schlögl Kerstin , Güth Jan-Frederik , Graf Tobias , Keul Christine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Evaluation of the accuracy of direct digitization of maxillary scans depending on the scanning strategy.

Materials and methods
A maxillary model with a metal bar as a reference structure fixed between the second molars was digitized using the CEREC Primescan AC scanner (N = 225 scans). Nine scanning strategies were selected (n = 25 scans per strategy), differing in scan area segmentation (F = full jaw, H = half jaw, S = sextant) and scan movement pattern (L = linear, Z = zig-zag, C = combined). Trueness was assessed by evaluating linear differences in the X, Y, and Z axes and angular deviations (α axial, α coronal, α total) compared to a reference dataset. Statistical differences were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.017). Precision was analyzed by the standard deviation of linear and angular aberrations (ISO 5725-1) (p < 0.05).

Results
Strategy FL showed significantly higher trueness and precision than FZ for VE (p = 0.009), VE(y) (p = 0.010), αoverall (p = 0.004), and αaxial (p = 0.002). Strategy FC demonstrated significantly better trueness than FZ for VE (p = 0.007), αoverall (p = 0.010), and αcoronal (p = 0.013). For scan segmentation, FL showed better trueness for VE(y) (p = 0.001) and αaxial (p < 0.001) than HL. Strategy HL showed better trueness for VE(z) than for FL and SL (p = 0.001, p = 0.002). The scanning patterns FL, FC, and HL exhibited the best performance for trueness and precision.

Conclusions
Scanning motion and segmentation have a significant impact on the trueness and precision of full-arch scans.

Clinical relevance
The scanning strategy is decisive in enhancing the clinical workflow and the accuracy of full-arch scans.
Changing food waste regimes in Africa’s transition to export-oriented production: the case of Tanzanian avocado
Authors: Cromwell Jonas , Whitfield Stephen , Quinn Claire Helen , Blake Megan Kathleen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
African nations are increasingly focusing on exporting high-value crops. However, a major challenge exists: high rates of food waste within supply chains. The problem is often seen as a technological issue—a lack of proper infrastructure and coordination creates inefficiencies. This research takes a different perspective, focusing on social relations within the supply chain. It uses the concept of “food waste regimes” to understand the underlying structures, relationships, and systems that cause food waste, with a focus on Tanzania’s avocado trade. The goals of the research are to: (1) Identify the factors contributing to food waste within Tanzania’s avocado supply chains, particularly in the context of export-oriented production; (2) Explore how these factors change as production shifts towards exports; (3) Analyse the fairness (equity) of how waste burdens are distributed among those involved. We adopted a “follow the thing” approach, combining interviews and observations across both domestic and export avocado supply chains in Tanzania. The research reveals that interactions between various aspects of the supply chain—practices, physical properties of the product (avocado perishability), and established institutions—influence where food waste occurs and who shoulders the burden of that waste. The research exposes how unequal power dynamics between participants lead to some actors bearing a disproportionate amount of the risk and cost of food waste. By taking a social relations approach, this research highlights that tackling food waste and social inequality are intertwined issues. The paper suggests potential areas for future research and intervention to address these interconnected challenges.
Intertwining and Propagation of Mixtures for Generalized KMP Models and Harmonic Models
Authors: Giardinà Cristian , Redig Frank , van Tol Berend 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study a class of stochastic models of mass transport on discrete vertex set V. For these models, a one-parameter family of homogeneous product measures

$$\otimes _{i\in V} \nu _\theta $$

⊗

i
∈
V

ν
θ

is reversible. We prove that the set of mixtures of inhomogeneous product measures with equilibrium marginals, i.e., the set of measures of the form

$$ \int \Big (\bigotimes _{i\in V} \nu _{\theta _i}\Big ) \,\Xi \Big (\prod _{i\in V}d\theta _i\Big ) $$

∫

(

⨂

i
∈
V

ν

θ
i

)

Ξ

(

∏

i
∈
V

d

θ
i

)

is left invariant by the dynamics in the course of time, and the “mixing measure”

$$\Xi $$

Ξ

evolves according to a Markov process which we then call “the hidden parameter model”. This generalizes results from De Masi et al. (Preprint arXiv:2310.01672, 2023) to a larger class of models and on more general graphs. The class of models includes discrete and continuous generalized KMP models, as well as discrete and continuous harmonic models. The results imply that in all these models, the non-equilibrium steady state of their reservoir driven version is a mixture of product measures where the mixing measure is in turn the stationary state of the corresponding “hidden parameter model”. For the boundary-driven harmonic models on the chain

$$\{1,\ldots , N\}$$

{
1
,
…
,
N
}

with nearest neighbor edges, we recover that the stationary measure of the hidden parameter model is the joint distribution of the ordered Dirichlet distribution (cf. Carinci et al., Preprint arXiv:2307.14975, 2023), with a purely probabilistic proof based on a spatial Markov property of the hidden parameter model.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Whole-school Interventions Promoting Mental Health and Preventing Risk Behaviours in Adolescence
Authors: Lekamge Roshini Balasooriya , Jain Ria , Sheen Jenny , Solanki Pravik , Zhou Yida , Romero Lorena , Barry Margaret M. , Chen Leo , Karim Md Nazmul , Ilic Dragan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the onset of mental disorders and risk behaviours. Based on the Health-Promoting Schools Framework, whole-school interventions offer a promising strategy in this developmentally-sensitive cohort, through championing a systems-based approach to promotion and prevention that involves the key stakeholders in an adolescent’s life. The evidence-base surrounding the effectiveness of whole-school interventions, however, remains inconclusive, partly due to the insufficient number of studies in previous meta-analyses. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis was thus conducted on the effectiveness of whole-school interventions promoting mental health and preventing risk behaviours in adolescence. From 12,897 search results, 28 studies reported in 58 publications were included. Study characteristics and implementation assessments were synthesized across studies, and quality appraisals and meta-analyses performed. Analyses identified a significant reduction in the odds of cyber-bullying by 25%, regular smoking by 31% and cyber-aggression by 37% in intervention participants compared to the control. Whole-school interventions thus offer substantial population health benefits through the reduction of these highly-prevalent issues affecting adolescents. The non-significant findings pertaining to the remaining eleven outcomes, including alcohol use, recreational drug use, anxiety, depression and positive mental health, are likely attributable to suboptimal translation of the Health-Promoting Schools Framework into practice and inadequate sensitivity to adolescents’ local developmental needs. Given the ongoing challenges faced in the implementation and evaluation of these complex interventions, this study recommends that future evaluations assess the implementation of health-promoting activities in both intervention and control conditions and actively use this implementation data in the interpretation of evaluation findings.

Preregistration: A pre-registered PROSPERO protocol (ID: CRD42023491619) informed this study.
Production of Highly Metalized Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) in Fluidized Bed by CO and H2: Determination of the Kinetic Triplet
Authors: Dilmaç Nesibe , Alsalihi Elaf A. T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, calcined iron ore samples from Menteş, Türkiye were isothermally reduced in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor using several blends of CO, H2, and N2 gases. The experiments were carried out at 3 temperatures (800 °C, 850 °C, and 900 °C), with 4 reductant concentrations (1:1:2, 0:1:3, 1:1:6, and 1:0:3 molar ratios for “CO:H2:N2,” respectively). Almost full metallization was achieved with the first gas composition at 800 °C and 850 °C. However, 900 °C tests exhibited the lowest reduction degrees for almost all reductant compositions due to the sintering of the particle surfaces. The results showed that the conversion of the ore was more sensitive to reductant concentration (especially to the H2 ratio in the mixture) than the temperature. The kinetic analysis revealed that the gaseous reduction of calcined Menteş iron ore in the fluidized bed can be represented by the “Two-Dimensional Diffusion, D2(α)” model and the process requires 19.73 kJ/mol activation energy (Ea). Thanks to the low Ea requirement and relatively high Fe2O3 content, calcined Menteş iron ore was evaluated as a proper raw material for DR applications.
Sleep and inflammation: a bidirectional relationship
Authors: Engert Larissa C. , Besedovsky Luciana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sleep and inflammation are bidirectionally linked, and this relationship is assumed to be important for the health and wellbeing of patients and the general population. Inflammatory activation affects sleep through pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and prostaglandins, which act on the central nervous system. These molecules can enhance but also disturb sleep, depending mainly on the magnitude of the inflammatory processes. Sleep, in turn, has far-reaching but complex effects on inflammation. Sleep deficiency has been shown to increase inflammatory molecules and activate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, which may lead to immunopathology when chronically activated. In addition, sleep was shown to affect counter-inflammatory mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid and pro-resolving resolution pathways. Here, we summarize established concepts and the most recent research in the field of sleep and inflammation. We further highlight the relevance of sleep–immune interactions in the clinical context, with examples related to insomnia, long COVID, and critical care. Finally, practical guidance is given for sleep and immune health in healthcare settings, and a research agenda is provided.
Investment strategies of bank-affiliated and independent venture capitalists: a focus on innovation in the fintech sector in the wake of the global financial crisis
Authors: Croce Annalisa , Ughetto Elisa , Fronzetti Colladon Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate how bank-affiliated VCs (BVCs) change their investment strategy in fintech startups relative to independent VCs (IVCs) after the global financial crisis (GFC). To this end, we use the concept of mimetic isomorphism as a theoretical lens. We measure the innovation level of invested ventures by resorting to patent and patent quality data and several proxies deriving from text mining and semantic network analysis. We look at the selection dynamics of VCs based on the innovation level of their target ventures. We analyze data on VC investments in 6711 fintech ventures worldwide from 1995 to 2019. Our findings show that BVCs have changed, compared to IVCs, their patterns of investments after the exogenous shock provided by the GFC. While BVCs selected less innovative ventures compared to IVCs before the crisis, they aligned with IVCs by choosing more innovative ventures after the crisis.
Gut microbes associated with functional cure of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Ishizu Yoji , Imai Norihiro , Ito Takanori , Yamamoto Kenta , Yokoyama Shinya , Muto Hisanori , Inukai Yosuke , Kato Asuka , Murayama Asako , Yoshio Sachiyo , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kawashima Hiroki , Kato Takanobu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is prevalent worldwide and is difficult to eradicate. Current treatment strategies for chronic hepatitis B ultimately seek to achieve functional cure (FC); however, the factors contributing to FC remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the gut microbiota profiles of patients with chronic hepatitis B who achieved FC.

Methods
Among 105 HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B, 70 were enrolled, after excluding patients with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma and those receiving nucleoside analogs. The gut microbiota of patients who achieved FC was assessed and compared with that of patients with high-titer of HBV DNA (HBV DNA ≥ 3.3 log IU/mL) or low-titer of HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 3.3 log IU/mL). Furthermore, we used cell culture-generated HBV (HBVcc) as a model for HBV infection to evaluate the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the identified bacteria.

Results
There was no difference in the alpha or beta diversity of the gut microbiota between the FC group and the other groups. However, compared with the other groups, the FC group presented a greater relative abundance of bacteria that produce SCFAs, especially butyrate. In vitro studies demonstrated that 1.0 mM butyrate reduces HBsAg production in HBVcc-infected cells. Furthermore, butyrate administration was most effective at the post-HBV infection stage.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that butyrate-producing bacteria contribute to FC in HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B through butyrate-mediated inhibition of HBV production.

Graphical abstract
Levels of democraticness and degrees of stateness: viability, trust and legitimacy in ‘liberal’ democracies
Authors: Keman Hans 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the literature on democracy the role of the state tends to be underspecified. Studies of liberal democracy focus generally on free and fair elections, pluralist party representation, political and civil rights and the Rule of Law. The level of ‘democraticness’ is judged by its institutional coherence and completeness. However, it falls short to evaluate liberal democracy as a system of governance serving society through its degree of ‘stateness’: the institutionalized interactions between public authority and its citizens. In this paper the nexus between levels of ‘democraticness’ and degrees of ‘stateness’ is explored across 36 democracies asking how this combination affects citizens’ trust in politics and the performance of the democratic state in view of its ‘output’ legitimacy. It appears that the degree of ‘stateness’ is vital to understand the different levels of ‘democraticness’ over time. The role of the state in democratically organized societies ought to be elaborated and further analysed.
Sport destination development—insights from alpine hikers
Authors: Hofmann Verena , Happ Elisabeth , Scholl-Grissemann Ursula 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nature-based-sports activities and hiking as a current trend have already been the focus of the management of sport destination development. However, there is a lack of research on what makes sport destinations attractive for hikers and how these aspects form destination attachment. This study thus contributes to previous research by examining hikers’ perceptions of factors relating to destination attractiveness and attachment of hiking destinations and by considering hikers’ destination-based emotions as an underlying mechanism. Two qualitative studies following an exploratory perspective show that scenery, amenities and sustainability are most relevant for a hiking destination’s attractiveness and attachment. The quantitative study confirms these factors being important for destination attractiveness and development and further shows that attractiveness drives hikers’ destination-based emotions and resultant destination attachment. Overall, this study contributes to the literature by considering sustainability scenery as relevant for attractive destination development. Resultant outcomes encourage hiking destinations to develop specific products for hikers and consider their needs in terms of nature-based and sustainable hiking products.
CVIT 2025 clinical expert consensus document on intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Saito Yuichi , Kobayashi Yoshio , Fujii Kenichi , Sonoda Shinjo , Tsujita Kenichi , Hibi Kiyoshi , Morino Yoshihiro , Okura Hiroyuki , Ikari Yuji , Kozuma Ken , Honye Junko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides precise anatomic information in coronary arteries including quantitative measurements and morphological assessment. To standardize the IVUS analysis in the current era, this updated expert consensus document summarizes the methods of measurements and assessment of IVUS images and the clinical evidence of IVUS use in percutaneous coronary intervention.
Distribution, Recognition, and Just Medical AI
Authors: Daus Zachary 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Medical artificial intelligence (AI) systems are value-laden technologies that can simultaneously encourage and discourage conflicting values that may all be relevant for the pursuit of justice. I argue that the predominant theory of healthcare justice, the Rawls-inspired approach of Norman Daniels, neither adequately acknowledges such conflicts nor explains if and how they can resolved. By juxtaposing Daniels’s theory of healthcare justice with Axel Honneth’s and Nancy Fraser’s respective theories of justice, I draw attention to one such conflict. Medical AI may improve the distribution of opportunity qua health while simultaneously mis-recognizing patients and thereby reducing their self-respect. I argue that justly resolving this conflict will at times require greater inclusion of those mis-recognized in deliberation about medical AI, and consider what such inclusion may entail.
Transforming contaminated biosolids into biochar for a sustainable cement replacement material
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Whelan Anna , Cannon Patrick , Reeves Louise , Antunes Elsa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Contaminated biosolids especially with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids pose significant environmental risks, restricting their potential applications and necessitating sustainable solutions to address these challenges. In this context, pyrolysis emerges as a promising technology capable of degrading contaminants while transforming biosolids into useful products like biochar. This study demonstrates the application of pyrolysis at different temperatures of 450–750 °C to investigate its effect on contaminant removal and the properties of the resulting biochars. Subsequently, the biochars were utilized to prepare cement mortars by replacing 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6% of cement weight with biochar, and their compressive strengths were determined after 7 days of curing. The findings revealed that biosolids contained significant levels of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), 324 ng/g, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), 9.15 ng/g, and heavy metals. Pyrolysis at 450 °C effectively degraded most contaminants, including PFAS. The biochar produced at 450 °C exhibited the highest concentrations of inorganic nutrients such as potassium (K), calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), though their levels decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. On the other hand, compressive strength tests for cement mortars with varying proportions of biochar replacement demonstrated that a 0.5% replacement was beneficial for all biochars (except 650 °C—biochar that achieved the maximum compressive strength with 2%). This resulted in a 30–45% increase in compressive strength compared to plain cement mortar. However, increasing the biochar content to 6% significantly reduced compressive strength. Overall, this study highlights the potential of biochar as a sustainable solution for enhancing cement mortar strength while mitigating biosolid contamination.

Graphical abstract