bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart drugs among students – multidimensional view on present ways of cognitive enhancement
Authors: Pisera Piotr , Kiełkowicz Aleksandra , Pactwa Filip , Popińska Zuzanna , Żmuda Bartłomiej , Ślusarczyk Daniel , Jakubowska Wiktoria , Żuberek Michał 
Published: December 2023

Background: Nootropic drugs, at the beginning of their career, were used in the treatment of diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease and narcolepsy. Nowadays, they are becoming more and more popular among students, where they are often called smart drugs or cognitive enhancers. Their properties that improve intellectual abilities and cognitive functions are used to, among other things, improve academic performance.
Aim of the study: The purpose of this article was to summarize the current state of knowledge relating to the use of smart drugs among students. This study discusses the multidimensional issues of using this group of drugs.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional search of relevant literature was performed in databases using accepted wording. Publications from 2003-2023 were included. The entire process has been supplemented with additional procedures to increase the reliability of this publication.
Results: In most sources, the most common representative of smart drugs turned out to be methylphenidate. Nootropics were most often obtained by obtaining a prescription from a doctor, online trading or from friends. The factors motivating the use of substances from this group are primarily the desire to improve academic results, competitiveness and the number of obligations at the university. There are many risks associated with their use, but students are more aware of the positive effects.
Conclusion: This paper presents various dimensions of the progressive spread of nootropic drugs. In addition to their undeniably positive effects, there are many risks, which are discussed in this article. Students' awareness should be formed through appropriate educational methods.
Central line-associated bloodstream infection related with umbilical vein catheterization and peripherally inserted central catheter in preterm infants: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Sandinirwan Indra , Leo Henry , Muslim Bani , Hasanah  , Karina Permata Putri 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a serious complication in preterm infants undergoing catheterization, including umbilical vein catheterization (UVC) and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement. This study aimed to compare the occurrence rate of CLABSI in preterm infants associated with UVC and PICC.
METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from 2000 to 2023 using a random effects model from 3 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar). This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023416471).
RESULTS Of 10 articles included in the systematic review, 2 were randomized controlled trials, 3 were prospective studies, and the rest were retrospective. A total of 3,962 UVCs and 2,922 PICCs were incorporated in the meta-analysis. The incidence rate of CLABSI in the UVC group was lower than that in the PICC group (1.23 versus 3.03 per 1,000 catheter days). However, the odds of developing CLABSI for infants with a UVC compared to those with a PICC were not statistically significant (odds ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.42).
CONCLUSIONS UVCs had a lower incidence rate of CLABSI than PICCs. Therefore, additional prospective studies are required to confirm these results.
Dynamics of an eco-epidemic model with Allee effect in prey and disease in predator
Authors: Kumar Bipin , Sinha Rajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, the dynamics of a food chain model with disease in the predator and the Allee effect in the prey have been investigated. The model also incorporates a Holling type-III functional response, accounting for both disease transmission and predation. The existence of equilibria and their stability in the model have also been investigated. The primary objective of this research is to examine the effects of the Allee parameter. Hopf bifurcations are explored about the interior and disease-free equilibrium point, where the Allee is taken as a bifurcation point. In numerical simulation, phase portraits have been used to look into the existence of equilibrium points and their stability. The bifurcation diagrams that have been drawn clearly demonstrate the presence of significant local bifurcations, including Hopf, transcritical, and saddle-node bifurcations. Through the phase portrait, limit cycle, and time series, the stability and oscillatory behaviour of the equilibrium point of the model are investigated. The numerical simulation has been done using MATLAB and Matcont.
IG-YOLOv5-based underwater biological recognition and detection for marine protection
Authors: Huo Jialu , Jiang Qing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Underwater biological detection is of great significance to marine protection. However, the traditional target detection techniques have some challenges, such as insufficient feature extraction for small targets and low feature utilization rate. To address these challenges, an underwater biological detection model IG-YOLOv5 based on the idea of feature reuse is proposed. An Improved-Ghost module with feature reuse is designed. The module adds batch normalization operations to the identity mapping branch using the Add operation with feature fusion and the Sigmoid Linear Unit activation function with smoother zeros. The proposed model uses the Improved-Ghost module to reconstruct the CSPDarknet structure of YOLOv5, so as to realize the lightweight and accuracy improvement of the model. In addition, in order to solve the problem of target size and shape change in underwater environment, the optimized loss function is Wise-IoU v3, which is used to evaluate the accuracy and robustness of detection results. The results show that the IG-YOLOv5 model performs well in the 2021URPPC data set, with 0.5 mAP reaching 74.2, 4.3% higher than that of YOLOv5 model, and 2.7 less floating-point operations. In a word, IG-YOLOv5 model has high accuracy and robustness in underwater target detection, and Wise-IoU index can evaluate the quality of target detection results more accurately, which is suitable for underwater robots, underwater monitoring, and other fields and has a practical application value.
“Every word is a world”: loanword ideologies and linguistic purism in post-Soviet Armenia
Authors: Portugal Emma , Nonnenmacher Sean 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Through the analysis of materials such as online articles, blogs, and radio broadcasts, this paper investigates linguistic purism toward Russian and English loanwords in the understudied context of post-Soviet Armenia. Our analysis finds that public commentators categorize potential loanwords as “borrowings” (փոխառություն [pʰokhaṛutʰyun]) if acceptable and “foreignisms” (օտարաբանություն [ōtarabanutʰyun]) if unacceptable, while also comparing these loanwords with acceptable and unacceptable Armenian equivalent words. In categorizing both loanwords and Armenian equivalents, commentators base their arguments on evaluative contrasts related to threats to the language, the desirability of word meaning and usage, and stylistic appropriateness. Though commentators situate themselves into opposing purist and moderate camps, differentiated by their tolerance of loanwords and classifications of individual words, the two camps rely on the same ideological framework of contrasts and use similar argumentation. Thus, while the debate invokes binary criteria for evaluating words, similar to those identified in other instances of linguistic purism, Armenian commentators themselves often defy binary categorization, falling along a fluid language-ideological continuum in which seemingly opposing commentators sometimes demonstrate striking similarities. Framed alongside prior studies of language ideologies in post-Soviet spaces, this evidence suggests that the loanword debate has a more symbolic than practical function in Armenia’s contemporary multilingual society.
Märchenhafter Materialismus. Zur Konkretion der profanen „Theologie“ Siegfried Kracauers in seinen Figurationen des Jüdischen
Authors: Martins Ansgar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In a polemic against Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig of 1926, Siegfried Kracauer (1889–1966) insisted that truth had come to reside in the spheres of the profane. The following article explains the theology of history underlying Kracauer’s postulate and traces its literary, political and philosophical variants in his texts and his correspondences. Prima facie, his single-minded focus on the profane seems to point to a form of negative theology. Relying on vague references to the Jewish prohibition of the image, Kracauer implies that the absolute may be identified only by critiquing profane reality. This claim notwithstanding, Kracauer repeatedly points to positive motifs too. His notion of Jewishness as the particularist embodiment of a universal form of reason and his references to hedonistic and aesthetic experiences that embody the Messianic are cases in point. While the latter tended ultimately to reflect Buber’s concept of Hasidism, Kracauer explicated this approach in his treatment of (actually or supposedly) Jewish artists such as Franz Kafka, Jacques Offenbach and Charlie Chaplin. Kracauer’s canonization of these figures as nonconformists bears a notable resemblance to Isaac Deutscher’s concept of the “non-Jewish Jew” and Hannah Arendt’s notion of the “Jew as pariah”.
Terapijsko čitanje Matoševe pripovijetke Camao
Authors: Piskač Davor 
Published: December 2023

Cilj ovoga rada jest prikazati mogućnost uporabe književnosti u terapijske svrhe rada s emocijama. Prema načelima simboličkoga modeliranja, ugrađena se metafora u književnome diskursu vrlo vjerojatno može funkcionalizirati i kao tzv. emocijska metafora. Svrha je ovoga rada uputiti na to da je možda moguće povezati postavke kognitivne terapije o kauzalitetu misli, emocija i postupaka, odnosno životnih odabira sa simboličkim modeliranjem metafora na temelju metaforičkoga potencijala narativnoga diskursa. Navedeno će biti prikazano na modelu literarne biblioterapije kao jedne od terapijskih tehnika. Teorijski se model temelji na hipotezi da je u kontekstu terapijskoga čitanja možda moguće potaknuti proces usmjerenog tumačenja i razumijevanja emocijskih metafora književnoga diskursa, na temelju pozorne analize i interpretacije narativnoga diskursa, te da je u skladu s time vrlo vjerojatno moguće književne likove duboko okarakterizirati i u emocionalnome smislu. Predstavlja se mogućnost da se ono što narativni diskurs izriče kao misaonu komponentu, bilo da je izriče sam književni lik ili pripovjedač, shvati kao emocijska metafora prema načelima simboličkoga modeliranja. Potom se u skladu s postavkama kognitivne terapije može utvrditi kauzalitet emocija i događaja.
Rezultati teorijskoga promišljanja u terapijskome smislu će se oprimjeriti na Matoševoj pripovijetci Camao, s time da će se naglasak staviti na uočavanje emocijskoga obrasca prema kojem Kamenski živi: ugodne emocije – neugodne emocije i frustracija – bijeg, sve do točke kada se zaljubio i prvi se puta u životu pokušao suprotstaviti bijegu, ali nažalost, njegov ga je životni obrazac u tome spriječio.
The Extraction of Oxalate Acid from Porang Flour (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) using Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction
Authors: Ansori Ansori , Kusuma Heri Septya , Maula Fikaputri Rohmatul , Qadariyah Lailatul , Mahfud Mahfud 
Published: December 2023

Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is one of the local annual plants that contain high levels of oxalate. Oxalates are undesirable compounds in porang flour, and their levels must be removed or reduced to obtain high quality porang flour as a food ingredient. In this research, the extraction of oxalate acid was conducted using microwave-assisted solvent extraction and mechanical separation methods. This study aims to analysis the parameters that influence the extraction of oxalate acid using microwave-assisted solvent extraction such as the effect of microwave power, extraction time, feed-to-solvent ratio (F/S) and material size. The mechanical separation process will be studied the effect of material size for extraction of oxalate acid. The optimum yield obtained for oxalate acid extraction with microwave-assisted solvent extraction was microwave power of 600 W, extraction time of 30 min, feed-to-solvent ratio of 0.05 g/mL and porang size of 100 mesh obtained by oxalate acid yield of 24.78%. Porang size of 100 mesh was the optimum yield obtained for extraction of oxalate acid using mechanical separation method. The result of physical properties test using SEM-EDX and FTIR shows that extraction of oxalate acid from porang using microwave extraction method could produce oxalic acid which has good quality. In addition, extraction using microwave offers an environment-friendly extraction method, which can accelerate and increase the oxalate acid extraction yield.
Use of thistle seeds of modified composition in chocolate mass technology
Authors: Stankevych Serhii , Zabrodina Inna , Lutsenko Maryna , Derevianko Іryna , Zhukova Liubov , Filenko Olesia , Ryabev Anton , Tonkoshkur Maksym , Zolotukhina Olena , Ashtaeva Natalia 
Published: December 2023

The object of the study is the analytical values of lipids of milk thistle seeds of a modified composition, namely acid and peroxide values, as well as the induction period of lipids of chocolate mass with the addition of milk thistle seeds. The paper substantiates rational parameters of thistle seed processing for the inactivation of lipases and lipoxygenases. Approximate dependences of the acid and peroxide values of thistle seed lipids on the pH of the wetting solution and the wetting degree of seeds were obtained. This makes it possible to substantiate such rational processing parameters of thistle seeds that inhibit the accumulation of free fatty acids and primary oxidation products in seeds during storage. An increase in the induction period of the oxidation of the lipid component of the chocolate mass with the use of thistle seeds of a modified composition was proven, which is 2.5 times higher than the induction period of the chocolate mass sample with thistle seeds with a native enzyme complex. The research results make it possible to develop a technology of healthy chocolate mass using thistle seeds of a modified composition, the lipid component of such mass is stable to oxidation and hydrolysis. The data obtained in the work are explained by an increase in the ability to inactivate lipolytic and lipoxygenase enzymes of milk thistle at high humidity in an acidic environment under the influence of microwave radiation. The advantage of the obtained results is the possibility of not violating the integrity of thistle seeds during the inactivation of the enzyme complex, which allows extending the shelf life of this raw material. An applied aspect of using the scientific result is the possibility of expanding the range of healthy chocolate masses with the use of thistle seeds
Determining the influence of raw milk protein composition on the yield of cheese and its nutrient content
Authors: Ladyka Volodymyr , Bolgova Natalia , Synenko Tetiana , Skliarenko Yuriy , Vechorka Viktoriia 
Published: December 2023

Cheese production is a complex process that is influenced by many factors: protein:fat ratio, acidity, and type of rennet. An option for improving the profitability of the cheese industry is the genetic selection of dairy cows to produce milk with good rennet protein coagulation. The object of the study is the technology of cheeses made from milk from cows with different β-casein genotypes (А1А1, А1А2, А2А2). The subject of the study is the physical-chemical parameters of milk from cows with different genotypes for β-casein; yield of cheese from this milk and its quality indicators. Samples of Gouda cheese were produced according to traditional technology. The research established that the quality indicators of milk samples are typical for fresh cow's milk. The content of fat, protein, and dry matter in the milk of cows with the β-casein genotype A2A2 were slightly higher compared to A1A1 and A1A2. The study of the quality indicators of the cheese samples showed that the type of β-casein did not affect the organoleptic properties of the cheese. However, according to the content of the main chemical components, cheeses made from A1A2 milk had a higher content of dry matter and protein (61,6 % and 19,2 % on average, respectively) and a lower fat content (37.2 %). The amino acid profile of cheese from milk of cows with β-casein A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes showed a higher total content of amino acids – 14.89 mg/g and 13.84 mg/g, respectively. Calculations of cheese yield showed that cheese yield from milk of cows with β-casein genotype A1A2 was higher (mean value 13.1 %) than with A1A1 and A2A2. The obtained results are of practical importance, as it is possible to take into account how changes in the β-casein genotype in milk can affect the yield of cheese, and therefore, the profitability of production
Development of technology of cooked sausages with a changed fatty acid composition for military personnel in the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: Savinok Oksana , Novgorodska Nadia , Ovsienko Svitlana 
Published: December 2023

The peculiarities of the nutrition of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the requirements for the chemical composition of daily rations, and calorie content were analyzed. It was established that the diet of the military has an insufficient volume of proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins, in particular, vitamins A and C. It is noted that the food of the analyzed category of people contains an excess of lipids, which are unbalanced in terms of fatty acid composition. Boiled sausage with a changed chemical composition is proposed to ensure the rational nutrition of military personnel.
The justified formulation and technology of boiled sausage are presented.
A feature of the development is the use of fat emulsion from internal pork fat and olive oil in a ratio of 1:1. To stabilize the emulsion, dry milk was added in the amount prescribed by the recipe. It was established that the addition of fat emulsion to the hydrated proteins of low-fat raw materials, beef and chicken, made it possible to stabilize the minced meat system, to obtain a tender, juicy and, at the same time, elastic consistency.
The combination of internal pork fat and olive oil in the recipe of cooked sausage made it possible to increase the mass share of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids by 10.5 % and reduce the share of saturated fatty acids. However, the use of only two fats did not balance the proportion of ω-3 fatty acids. To enrich ω-3 fatty acids, it is recommended to add soybean or rapeseed oil.
The use of dietary chicken, fats rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A and vitamin C allowed us to devise a recipe for cooked sausage of high quality and a changed chemical composition. Consumption of this product could balance the diet and increase the resistance of the personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to negative external factors
Devising an approach to the use of distance education technologies in performing control measures for technical students
Authors: Kharchenko Anna , Tsybulskyi Vitalii , Kovbasenko Serhii , Simonenko Vitalii , Kolbasin Mykola 
Published: December 2023

The object of this study is the process of implementation of control measures with the help of distance learning technologies for students of technical specialties. The problem of the application of information and communication technologies for the effective implementation of final control during distance learning has been studied. An authentic algorithm for creating a test on the Moodle platform has been developed. The proposed algorithm is based on the use of the classical structure of the ticket, which allows implementing an approach to final control that is closest to the traditional one. This is important for assessing the acquired practical students competences of engineering specialties since for them the control measure may include a combination of textual, graphic, and computational tasks. The application of the algorithm in practice allows one to improve the quality of the final assessment by ensuring equal conditions for students, attracting the optimal set of tools for this, as well as identifying the student and thus ensuring the transparency of the control measure.
Verification of the developed algorithm during the quarantine period sessions at the Faculty of Transport Construction of the National Transport University demonstrated a better adaptability of students to conduct control measures in remote form. This is confirmed by an increase in quality (from 1.16 % to 6.8 %) and success (to 7.4 %) rates among students, as well as a high level of student satisfaction in 2022 with the effectiveness of online learning, which was determined through an anonymous questionnaire. Promising steps regarding the use of the algorithm in the final evaluation are the development of measures for the implementation of automated recognition of the emotional status of students
Дважды бедные: кто испытывает дефицит времени и дефицит денег
Authors: Калабихина Ирина , Шамсутдинова Виктория 
Published: December 2023

Дефицит свободного времени может являться серьезным ограничением в развитии личности взрослых и детей, благополучия семьи и ее членов, инклюзивного участия в экономической и социальной жизни. Сочетание дефицита денежного дохода и дефицита свободного времени является еще более серьезным барьером инклюзии, что мотивирует выявлять многомерную бедность – по времени и по доходу. Используя микроданные Выборочного наблюдения использования суточного фонда времени населением Росстата за 2019 г., авторы методом кластеризации выделяют социально-­демографические группы российских домохозяйств с дефицитом свободного времени, а также одновременно с дефицитом дохода и свободного времени. В исследовании под свободным временем понимается время, потраченное на досуг (чтение книг, интернет, хобби, спорт), образование, религиозные практики, услуги обществу и помощь другим домохозяйствам (волонтерство). Эти виды деятельности описывают свободное время человека в широком смысле, то есть с учетом всех видов развивающей человека деятельности. В исследовании различными методами определяется уровень и профиль одномерной бедности домохозяйств по времени или по доходу. Подробно рассмотрено четыре подхода: установление порога бедности по доходу на уровне 50 % от медианного дохода в выборке; порог бедности по времени, равный 50 % от медианного доступного свободного времени; порог бедности по времени на уровне 150 % от оплачиваемого рабочего времени; порог бедности по времени на уровне 300 % от рабочего оплачиваемого времени для выявления крайней бедности. Уровень и профиль многомерной бедности домохозяйств, учитывающей как время, так и доход, определяется в исследовании посредством двух подходов. Согласно первому методу, бедным считается домохозяйство, если как доход, так и свободное время на одного члена домохозяйства составляют менее 50 % от медианного значения в выборке. В рамках второго метода, бедным считается домохозяйство, если доход на одного члена семьи составляет менее 50 % от медианного значения, а время оплачиваемой работы превышает 150 % медианного значения. В работе выделено пять социально-­демографических типов домохозяйств, описывающих разную степень бедности по дефициту дохода и дефициту свободного времени; определены целевые группы и уровень двой­ной бедности для разработки социальной политики по снижению бедности и росту возможностей для инклюзии.