bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: rapid review of postnatal care and outcomes
Authors: de Winter Derek P. , Kaminski Allysen , Tjoa May Lee , Oepkes Dick , Lopriore Enrico 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Advances in postnatal care for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) have occurred over the past decades, but little is known regarding the frequency of postnatal treatment and the clinical outcomes of affected neonates. Most studies reporting on HDFN originate from high-income countries or relatively large centers, but important differences between centers and countries may exist due to differences in prevalence and available treatment options. We therefore aimed to evaluate the postnatal treatment landscape and clinical outcomes in neonates with Rhesus factor D (Rh(D))- and/or K-mediated HDFN and to provide recommendations for future research.

Methods
We conducted a rapid literature review of case reports and series, observational retrospective and prospective cohort studies, and trials describing pregnancies or children affected by Rh(D)- or K-mediated HDFN published between 2005 and 2021. Information relevant to the treatment of HDFN and clinical outcomes was extracted. Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies by two independent reviewers through title/abstract and full-text screening. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality of included studies.

Results
Forty-three studies reporting postnatal data were included. The median frequency of exchange transfusions was 6.0% [interquartile range (IQR): 0.0–20.0] in K-mediated HDFN and 26.5% [IQR: 18.0–42.9] in Rh(D)-mediated HDFN. The median use of simple red blood cell transfusions in K-mediated HDFN was 50.0% [IQR: 25.0–56.0] and 60.0% [IQR: 20.0–72.0] in Rh(D)-mediated HDFN. Large differences in transfusion rates were found between centers. Neonatal mortality amongst cases treated with intrauterine transfusion(s) was 1.2% [IQR: 0–4.4]. Guidelines and thresholds for exchange transfusions and simple RBC transfusions were reported in 50% of studies.

Conclusion
Most included studies were from middle- to high-income countries. No studies with a higher level of evidence from centers in low-income countries were available. We noted a shortage and inconsistency in the reporting of relevant data and provide recommendations for future reports. Although large variations between studies was found and information was often missing, analysis showed that the postnatal burden of HDFN, including need for neonatal interventions, remains high.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021234940. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021234940.
Pan-tumor survey of ROS1 fusions detected by next-generation RNA and whole transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Nagasaka Misako , Zhang Shannon S. , Baca Yasmine , Xiu Joanne , Nieva Jorge , Vanderwalde Ari , Swensen Jeffrey J. , Spetzler David , Korn Wolfgang Michael , Raez Luis E. , Liu Stephen V. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTwoROS1tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved for ROS1 fusion positive (ROS1+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. We performed a pan-tumor analysis of the incidence ofROS1fusions to assess if more ROS1+ patients who could benefit fromROS1TKIs could be identified.MethodsA retrospective analysis of ROS1 positive solid malignancies identified by targeted RNA sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing of clinical tumor samples performed at Caris Life Science (Phoenix, AZ).ResultsA total of 259 ROS1+ solid malignancies were identified from approximately 175,350 tumors that underwent next-generation sequencing (12% from targeted RNA sequencing [Archer]; 88% from whole transcriptome sequencing). ROS1+ NSCLC constituted 78.8% of the ROS1+ solid malignancies, follow by glioblastoma (GBM) (6.9%), and breast cancer (2.7%). The frequency of ROS1 fusion was approximately 0.47% among NSCLC, 0.29% for GBM, 0.04% of breast cancer. The mean tumor mutation burden for all ROS1+ tumors was 4.8 mutations/megabase. The distribution of PD-L1 (22C3) expression among allROS1+ malignancies were 0% (18.6%), 1%-49% (29.4%), and ≥ 50% (60.3%) [for NSCLC: 0% (17.8%); 1–49% (27.7%); ≥ 50% (53.9%).The most common genetic co-alterations of ROS1+ NSCLC were TP53 (29.1%), SETD2 (7.3%), ARIAD1A (6.3%), and U2AF1 (5.6%).ConclusionsROS1+ NSCLC tumors constituted the majority of ROS1+ solid malignancies with four major fusion partners. Given that > 20% of ROS1+ solid tumors may benefit fromROS1TKIs treatment, comprehensive genomic profiling should be performed on all solid tumors.
S100P as a potential biomarker for immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: a bioinformatics analysis and in vitro study
Authors: Hao Weiwei , Zhang Yanyan , Dou Jingwen , Cui Pu , Zhu Jicun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Immunosuppression is a significant factor contributing to the poor prognosis of cancer. S100P, a member of the S100 protein family, has been implicated in various cancers. However, its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of S100P on TME characteristics in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Multiple data (including microarray, RNA-Seq, and scRNA-Seq) were obtained from public databases. The expression pattern of S100P was comprehensively evaluated in RNA-Seq data and validated in four different microarray datasets. Prognostic value was assessed through Kaplan-Meier plotter and Cox regression analyses. Immune infiltration levels were determined using the ESTIMATE and ssGSEA algorithms and validated at the single-cell level. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation between S100P expression and immune checkpoint genes, and tumor mutation burden (TMB). DNA methylation analysis was performed to investigate the change in mRNA expression. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) were utilized to validate the expression using five cell lines and 60 pancreatic cancer tissues.

Results
This study found that S100P was differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer and was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Notably, S100P exhibited a significant negative-correlation with immune cell infiltration, particularly CD8 + T cells. Furthermore, a close association between S100P and immunotherapy was observed, as it strongly correlated with TMB and the expression levels of TIGIT, HAVCR2, CTLA4, and BTLA (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, higher S100P expression demonstrated a negative correlation with methylation levels (cg14323984, cg27027375, cg14900031, cg14140379, cg25083732, cg07210669, cg26233331, and cg22266967), which were associated with CD8 + T cells. In vitro RT-PCR validated upregulated S100P expression across all five pancreatic cancer cell lines, and IHC confirmed high S100P levels in pancreatic cancer tissues (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that S100P could serve as a promising biomarker for immunosuppressive microenvironment, which may provide a novel therapeutic way for pancreatic cancer.
Concurrent clinical and pathological response predicts favorable prognosis of patients with gastric cancer after neoadjuvant therapy: a real-world study
Authors: Sun Chongyuan , Niu Penghui , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhao Lulu , Wang Wanqing , Luan Xiaoyi , Han Xue , Chen Yingtai , Zhao Dongbing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Response of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) may be associated with prognosis, but which of the clinical or pathological evaluation can accurately predict a favorable prognosis is still controversial. This study aims to compare the effect of clinical and pathological response on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed LAGC patients who underwent NAT followed by surgery in the China National Cancer Center from January 2004 to January 2021. Clinical and pathological responses after NAT were evaluated using RECIST 1.1 and Mandard tumor regression grade system (TRG) respectively. Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) assessed by computed tomography were regarded as clinical response. For histopathology regression assessment, response was defined as Mandard 1, 2, 3 and non-response as Mandard 4, 5. Furthermore, we combined clinical and pathological evaluation results into a variable termed “comprehensive assessment” and divided it into four groups based on the presence or absence of response (concurrent response, only clinical response, only pathological response, both non-response). The association between the prognosis and clinicopathological factors was assessed in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results
In total, 238 of 1073 patients were included in the study after screening. The postoperative pathological response rate and clinical response rate were 50.84% (121/238) and 39.92% (95/238), respectively. 154 patients got consistent results in clinical and pathological evaluation (66 were concurrent response and 88 were both non-response), while the other 84 patients did not. The kappa value was 0.297(p < 0.001), which showed poor consistency. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that comprehensive assessment (P = 0.03), clinical N stage(P < 0.001), vascular or lymphatic invasion (VOLI) (HR 2.745, P < 0.001), and pre-CA724(HR 1.577, P = 0.047) were independent factors for overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. Among four groups in the comprehensive assessment, concurrent response had significantly better survival (median OS: 103.5 months) than the other groups (P = 0.008).

Conclusion
Concurrent clinical and pathological response might predict a favorable prognosis of patients with gastric cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, further validation is needed in prospective clinical trials with larger samples.
The heart of Detroit study: a window into urban middle-aged and older African Americans’ daily lives to understand psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Davis Kristin M. , Knauft Katherine , Lewis Lena , Petriello Michael , Petrick Lauren , Luca Francesca , Joseph Nataria T. , Fritz Heather , Cutchin Malcolm , Rappaport Lance , Levy Phillip , Engeland Christopher G. , Zilioli Samuele 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans. Psychosocial factors, including the experience of and emotional reactivity to racism and interpersonal stressors, contribute to the etiology and progression of cardiovascular disease through effects on health behaviors, stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes, and immune processes. The full pathway and complexities of these associations remain underexamined in African Americans. The Heart of Detroit Study aims to identify and model the biopsychosocial pathways that influence cardiovascular disease risk in a sample of urban middle-aged and older African American adults.

Methods
The proposed sample will be composed of 500 African American adults between the ages of 55 and 75 from the Detroit urban area. This longitudinal study will consist of two waves of data collection, two years apart. Biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular surrogate endpoints (i.e., heart rate variability and blood pressure) will be collected at each wave. Ecological momentary assessments will characterize momentary and daily experiences of stress, affect, and health behaviors during the first wave. A proposed subsample of 60 individuals will also complete an in-depth qualitative interview to contextualize quantitative results. The central hypothesis of this project is that interpersonal stressors predict poor cardiovascular outcomes, cumulative physiological stress, poor sleep, and inflammation by altering daily affect, daily health behaviors, and daily physiological stress.

Discussion
This study will provide insight into the biopsychosocial pathways through which experiences of stress and discrimination increase cardiovascular disease risk over micro and macro time scales among urban African American adults. Its discoveries will guide the design of future contextualized, time-sensitive, and culturally tailored behavioral interventions to reduce racial disparities in cardiovascular disease risk.
Cardiorespiratory diseases in an industrialized area: a retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Bustaffa Elisa , Mangia Cristina , Cori Liliana , Bianchi Fabrizio , Cervino Marco , Minichilli Fabrizio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Atmospheric pollution has been recognized as the greatest environmental threat to human health. The population of the Venafro Valley, southern Italy, is exposed to emissions from a Waste-To-Energy (WTE) and a cement plant and potentially also to another WTE located in the neighboring region of Lazio; also, the vehicular atmospheric pollution situation is critical. In order to assess the environmental health risk of residents in eight municipalities of the Venafro Valley, a retrospective residential cohort study during 2006–2019 was carried out.

Methods
Four exposure classes were defined by natural-break method, using a dispersion map of nitrogen dioxides (chosen as proxy of industrial pollution). The association between the industrial pollution and cause-specific mortality/morbidity of the cohort was calculated using the Hazard Ratio (HR) through a multiple time-dependent and sex-specific Cox regression adjusting for age, proximity to main roads and socio-economic deprivation index.

Results
Results showed, for both sexes, mortality and morbidity excesses in the most exposed class for diseases of the circulatory system and some signals for respiratory diseases. Particularly, mortality excesses in both sexes in class 3 for diseases of the circulatory system [men: HR = 1.37 (1.04–1.79); women: HR = 1.27 (1.01–1.60)] and for cerebrovascular diseases [men: HR = 2.50 (1.44–4.35); women: HR = 1.41 (0.92–2.17)] were observed and confirmed by morbidity analyses. Mortality excesses for heart diseases for both sexes [men-class 3: HR = 1.32 (0.93–1.87); men-class 4: HR = 1.95 (0.99–3.85); women-class 3: HR = 1.49 (1.10–2.04)] and for acute respiratory diseases among women [HR = 2.31 (0.67-8.00)] were observed. Morbidity excesses in both sexes for ischemic heart diseases [men-class 3: HR = 1.24 (0.96–1.61); women-class 4: HR = 2.04 (1.04–4.02)] and in class 4 only among men for respiratory diseases [HR = 1.43 (0.88–2.31)] were also found.

Conclusions
The present study provides several not-negligible signals indicating mitigation actions and deserve further investigations. For future studies, the authors recommend enriching the exposure and lifestyle profile using tools such as questionnaires and human biomonitoring.
Association between childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality in adulthood: a population-based study
Authors: Bhattarai Asmita , Dimitropoulos Gina , Bulloch Andrew G.M. , Tough Suzanne C. , Patten Scott B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The association of childhood adversities with mortality has rarely been explored, and even less studied is the question of whether any excess mortality may be potentially preventable. This study examined the association between specific childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality (PPAM) in adulthood in a representative sample of the general population. Also, we examined whether the associations were potentially mediated by various adult socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors.

Methods
The study used data from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS-1994) linked to the Canadian Vital Statistics Database (CVSD 1994–2014) available from Statistics Canada. The NPHS interview retrospectively assessed childhood exposure to prolonged hospitalization, parental divorce, prolonged parental unemployment, prolonged trauma, parental problematic substance use, physical abuse, and being sent away from home for doing something wrong. An existing definition of PPAM, consisting of causes of death considered preventable or treatable before age 75, was used. Competing cause survival models were used to examine the associations of specific childhood adversities with PPAM in adulthood among respondents aged 18 to 74 years (rounded n = 11,035).

Results
During the 20-year follow-up, 5.4% of the sample died prematurely of a cause that was considered potentially avoidable. Childhood adversities had a differential effect on mortality. Physical abuse (age-adjusted sub-hazard ratio; SHR 1.44; 95% CI 1.03, 2.00) and being sent away from home (age-adjusted SHR 2.26; 95% CI 1.43,3.57) were significantly associated with PPAM. The associations were attenuated when adjusted for adulthood factors, namely smoking, poor perceived health, depression, low perceived social support, and low income, consistent with possible mediating effects. Other adversities under study were not associated with PPAM.

Conclusion
The findings imply that the psychological sequelae of childhood physical abuse and being sent away from home and subsequent uptake of adverse health behavior may lead to increased risk of potentially avoidable mortality. The potential mediators identified offer directions for future research to perform causal mediation analyses with suitable data and identify interventions aimed at preventing premature mortality due to potentially avoidable causes. Other forms of adversities, mostly related to household dysfunction, may not be determinants of the distal health outcome of mortality.
Superior short-term outcomes of FNS in combination with a cannulated screw in treating femoral neck fractures
Authors: Su Min , He Zexing , Huang Nianlai , Lin Xiaocong , Fang Kaibin , Dai Zhangsheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the femoral neck system alone or in combination with a cannulated screw compared with other internal fixation methods for treating femoral neck fractures. We further investigated the predictive effects of tip-apex distance (TAD) on clinical efficacy.

Methods
Data from 129 young adults with femoral neck fractures followed up at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2016 and June 2022 were retrospectively collected. The patients were categorized into four groups based on the different internal fixation methods. Analysis and comparisons of the four group were performed according to age, ASA score, operation time, blood loss, fracture classification, fracture healing time, Harris score, TAD value, presence of complications (osteonecrosis of the femoral head, screw failure, and femoral neck shortening), and changes in the neck-shaft angle.

Results
All 129 patients were followed up for at least one year. The group who received treatment with the femoral neck system combined with a cannulated screw exhibited the shortest fracture healing time. Differences were observed in the change of neck-shaft angle among the four groups (P < 0.001), with the smallest change observed in the aforementioned group (0.76 ± 0.54°). The femoral neck shortening was also lower in groups with the femoral neck system or combined with a cannulated screw. At the last follow-up surgery, the combined treatment group achieved the highest HHS score. Subgroup analysis revealed that when the TAD was less than 25 and 49 mm for the femoral neck system and combined groups, respectively, there was less femoral neck shortening, less change in the neck-shaft angle, and a higher HHS score.

Conclusions
The femoral neck system alone or combined with a cannulated screw demonstrated better short-term efficacy in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Furthermore, TAD may serve as a predictive indicator of the potential success of femoral neck fracture treatment.
Tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste and associated factors among Chinese adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Cui Zhiying , Wang Wenhui , Si Yan , Wang Xing , Feng Xiping , Tai Baojun , Hu Deyu , Lin Huancai , Wang Bo , Wang Chunxiao , Zheng Shuguo , Liu Xuenan , Rong Wensheng , Wang Weijian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste has become the most important way to provide the anti-caries effect of fluoride around the world. China has promoted the use of fluoridated toothpaste since 1989. However, there are few studies on the national profile of use of fluoridated toothpaste and related factors in Chinese adolescents. We carried out this study to investigate oral hygiene behaviours, especially the status of tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste and its correlates among adolescents, based on data from the latest Nation Oral Health Survey in mainland China.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 118,601 participants aged 12–15 years using multistage stratified sampling. Questionnaires were completed by students at school. Data employed in analyses were extracted from the questionnaire, including information on tooth brushing, fluoridated toothpaste, dental floss, sociodemographic factors, fluoride knowledge and attitude towards regular dental check-ups. A binary logistic regression was performed to compute the odds ratios (OR). Tooth brushing twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste was the dependent variable. Sociodemographic factors, fluoride knowledge, attitude towards regular dental check-ups, dental visit experience and perceived oral health were the independent variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 32.6% of participants brushed their teeth twice daily, 7.4% used fluoridated toothpaste, and 3.9% cleaned their teeth twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste. The logistic regression showed the probability of twice-a-day tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste was higher among these groups: females (OR: 1.141; 95%CI: 1.072–1.214), 15-year-olds (OR: 1.786; 95%CI: 1.634–1.952), from urban areas (OR: 1.389; 95%CI: 1.288–1.497), without siblings (OR: 1.351; 95%CI: 1.259–1.450), with an educated father (OR: 1. 605; 95%CI: 1.442–1.788) and mother (OR: 1.706; 95%CI: 1.530–1.903), having dental visit experiences (OR: 1.702; 95%CI: 1.589–1.823), rating one’s oral health as good (OR: 2.341; 95%CI: 2.083–2.631), having fluoride knowledge (OR: 4.345; 95%CI: 4.034–4.678) and having a positive attitude towards regular dental check-ups (OR: 1.589; 95%CI: 1.460–1.729).

Conclusions
The oral hygiene behaviours of Chinese adolescents were undesirable. Twice daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste was significantly associated with sociodemographic factors, fluoride knowledge, and attitudes towards regular dental check-ups.