bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity measurement experiment of metal using heat sensor and Arduino
Authors: Damaira Y A , Muninggar J , Setiawan A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The characteristics of metals are very important to know in order to get optimal utilisation. In this research, a system for measuring the heat propagation of various types of metals is developed. Measurements will be made using a number of LM35 sensors placed scattered on the metal to be tested. In this research, Arduino is used to read the data through ADC which then sends the data to the computer. The data is then processed simultaneously for several metal samples so that the heat propagation of each can be compared. The fixed parameters used in this research are the area of each plate and also the distance between the plates. Finally, the success of the method to measure the heat propagation of different metals is reported. Further results can be developed to identify different types of metals and their purity.
Policy as a catalyst in shaping mobility sector transition for developing countries
Authors: Butt Muhammad Huzaifa , Roy Joyashree , Some Shreya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a modified technology innovation system (MTIS) approach applicable to developing countries. Evidence collected over three decades 1992–2022, shows how policy plays a catalytic role in managing multidimensional low-emission mobility transitions in developing countries such as Pakistan. This paper follows policy and the network of actors, institutions and technology in compressed natural gas (CNG)-based mobility transition in Pakistan. Event-based analysis helped in mapping the development of respective functions, which is later validated by expert consultation. Between 1992 and 2002, deliberate policies for early adoption were put in place to strategically manage a desired transition path. This involved providing guidance and knowledge diffusion through demonstration to increase entrepreneurial activities and market formation. The accelerated diffusion during the take-off period during 2003–2012 was due to the entry of private businesses and multinational companies speeding up entrepreneurial activity and market-formation functions. However, there was a clear policy-driven roll-back and deceleration during 2013–2022. Policies designed to ban CNG licence issuance and renewal resulted in detrimental effects on market and entrepreneurial activities. Social struggle arising from roll-back is now caught in a dilemma if policy innovation will lead to re-emergence of CNG or will support a new transition cycle through the emergence and adoption of electric vehicles in the mobility space of Pakistan. Rapid shifts in the global landscape of innovation and market conditions are creating a need for the effective handling of cascading transition management in developing countries. This paper outlines how lessons learnt from Pakistan’s CNG-MTIS can help in shaping electric vehicle MTIS not only in Pakistan, but also in many other developing countries. It is recommended that, in order to manage cascading transitions in developing countries, new approaches and strategies for reskilling, retraining and redirecting finances to address stranded assets be employed. This can mitigate the negative impacts on those affected by transformation and create an environment for a just transition that restores trust in policy and accelerates transformative change.
Does ERA5-land capture the changes in the terrestrial hydrological cycle across the globe?
Authors: Dutta Riya , Markonis Yannis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Changes in the terrestrial hydrological cycle determine the future water availability across the globe with profound impacts in different facets of society. Precise estimation of such changes is vital for the effective implementation of water management policies. Among the numerous data products that describe the hydrological cycle components, ERA5-Land is one of the most increasingly used dataset. Still, there has been no assessment of its ability capacity to represent the water cycle shifts variability over land. This study endeavors to bridge this gap by comparing the magnitude and direction of change in precipitation minus evaporation (P—E) and runoff, as estimated globally by the ERA5-Land data product. Our findings reveal significant inconsistencies in the changes identified, with the climatological mean of P—E decreasing more substantially than runoff for numerous regions. Consequently, ERA5 presents a declining water availability for most of the regions, but the magnitude of change is incompatible to the change between P—E and runoff. To further validate, the estimates provided by the ERA5-Land product, two different hydrologic models (TerraClimate and Global Land Data Assimilation System, GLDAS-Noah) are also utilized. TerraClimate demonstrates a more reasonable alignment between changes in P—E and runoff, followed by GLDAS-Noah, particularly for the arid regions lying in the parts of Northern Africa and Southern Asia, the European continent, and the northern parts of Asia. Inconsistencies remain high for the tropical regions for both data products. Still, the estimates of change in water availability are better represented by the hydrologic model-based data sources for most parts of the globe, especially for the regions with low precipitation, such as the regions with arid and continental climates. Our results imply that ERA5-Land should be used with extreme caution when assessing the long-term changes in the terrestrial water cycle. Additionally, pinpointing the regions of the highest bias can help to improve the hydrological coupling of ERA5-Land in future versions of the reanalysis.
Breakdown of the Meissner effect at the zero exceptional point in non-Hermitian two-band BCS model
Authors: Taira Takano 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The spontaneous symmetry breaking of a continuous symmetry in complex field theory at the exceptional point (EP) of the parameter space is known to exhibit interesting phenomena, such as the breakdown of a Higgs mechanism. In this work, we derive the complex Ginzburg–Landau model from a non-Hermitian two-band Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer model via path integral and investigate its spontaneous symmetry breaking. We find that analog to the Higgs mechanism, the Meissner effect of the complex Ginzburg–Landau model also breaks down at the EP while the gap parameters stay finite.
Bioassembly of multicellular spheroids to mimic complex tissue structure using surface-modified magnetized nanofibers
Authors: Byun Hayeon , Lee Sangmin , Shin Heungsoo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Advancements in biofabrication have led to major strides toward creating authentic organ models; however, replicating intricate organ structures without scaffolds remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a method utilizing surface-modifiable magnetic nanofibers to achieve precise control over spheroid functions and geometrical features, allowing the creation of multiple functional domains within a single microtissue. We generated magnetized nanofibers by electrospinning magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in poly-L-lactic acid solution. These fibers were then coated with polydopamine (PD) to enhance their biological functions, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. These PD-coated magnetic fibers (PMFs) had magnetic-responsive properties when incorporated into human dermal fibroblast spheroids (0.019 ± 0.001 emu g−1). Furthermore, PMFs within the spheroids effectively regulated ROS levels by upregulating the expression of key anti-oxidative genes such as superoxide dismutase-1 (2.2 ± 0.1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (2.6 ± 0.1). By exploiting the magnetic responsiveness of spheroids, we were able to assemble them into various structures such as linear, triangular, and square structures using remotely applied magnetic forces. Within the assembled three-dimensional constructs, the cells in spheroids incorporating PMFs demonstrated resistance to ROS regulatory activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, while spheroids composed of bare fibers exhibited high ROS levels. Furthermore, we assembled spheroids containing fibroblasts and endothelial cells into complex tissue structures resembling vessels under magnetic manipulation. This innovative method holds tremendous promise for organ modeling and regenerative medicine due to the unprecedented control it allows in developing microtissues that closely emulate real organs.
Tuning the atomic and electronic structures of mirror twin boundaries in molecular beam epitaxy grown MoSe2 monolayers via rhenium doping
Authors: Yu Zhoubin , Xia Yipu , Komsa Hannu-Pekka , Zhang Junqiu , Xie Maohai , Jin Chuanhong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Interplay between defects like mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) and dopants may provide additional opportunities for furthering the research on two-dimensional monolayer (ML) transition metal dichalcogenides. In this work, we successfully dope rhenium (Re) into molecular beam epitaxy grown ML MoSe2 and confirm the formation of a new type of MTBs, named 4|4E-M (M represents metal, Mo/Re) according to the configuration. Data from statistic atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy also reveals a preferable MTB enrichment of Re dopants, rather than intra-domain. In conjunction with density functional theory calculation results, we propose the possible routes for Re doping induced formation of 4|4E-M MTBs. Electronic structures of Re doped MTBs in ML MoSe2 are also predicted theoretically and then preliminarily tested by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy.
To normalize or not?: Dilute Russell viper venom time testing
Authors: Zhang Yong , Creer Michael , Oladipo Olajumoke O 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We conducted a comparison between the nonnormalized dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) screen/confirm ratio (SCR) in patient plasma and the normalized SCR obtained using reference pooled plasma. The aim was to assess the impact of normalization on the lupus anticoagulant (LA) status in our patient population.

Methods
In our retrospective analysis, we included a total of 464 patients who underwent dRVVT testing. For those with positive screens, mixing studies were performed, followed by confirmatory testing. Additionally, the dRVVT of reference pooled plasma was measured. A positive conventional (nonnormalized) or normalized SCR was defined as an SCR greater than or equal to 1.2.

Results
In total, 5.6% (26) of the 464 samples tested were confirmed positive for LA by both methods, out of which 12 had a clinical history of thrombosis. Although a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .0096) was found, the magnitude of absolute mean SCR differences (bias) was 0.04 (2.51%). There was 100% concordance of testing results between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
The lupus anticoagulant status by the dRVVT assay was not changed based on normalization. Normalization was of no clinical benefit in our patient population; therefore, there was no need for the extra calculation step. Normalization may be useful for intermethod and interlaboratory studies and not for within-method LA detection.
Personalized differential expression analysis in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Cai Hao , Chen Liangbo , Yang Shuxin , Jiang Ronghong , Guo You , He Ming , Luo Yun , Hong Guini , Li Hongdong , Song Kai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Identification of individual-level differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is a pre-step for the analysis of disease-specific biological mechanisms and precision medicine. Previous algorithms cannot balance accuracy and sufficient statistical power. Herein, RankCompV2, designed for identifying population-level DEGs based on relative expression orderings, was adjusted to identify individual-level DEGs. Furthermore, an optimized version of individual-level RankCompV2, named as RankCompV2.1, was designed based on the assumption that the rank positions of genes and relative rank differences of gene pairs would influence the identification of individual-level DEGs. In comparison to other individualized analysis algorithms, RankCompV2.1 performed better on statistical power, computational efficiency, and acquired coequal accuracy in both simulation and real paired cancer-normal data from ten cancer types. Besides, single sample GSEA and Gene Set Variation Analysis analysis showed that pathways enriched with up-regulated and down-regulated genes presented higher and lower enrichment scores, respectively. Furthermore, we identified 16 genes that were universally deregulated in 966 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) samples and interacted with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs or antineoplastic agents, indicating notable therapeutic targets for TNBC. In addition, we also identified genes with highly variable deregulation status and used these genes to cluster TNBC samples into three subgroups with different prognoses. The subgroup with the poorest outcome was characterized by down-regulated immune-regulated pathways, signal transduction pathways, and apoptosis-related pathways. Protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed that OAS family genes may be promising drug targets to activate tumor immunity in this subgroup. In conclusion, RankCompV2.1 is capable of identifying individual-level DEGs with high accuracy and statistical power, analyzing mechanisms of carcinogenesis and exploring therapeutic strategy.
Quantification of biases in predictions of protein–protein binding affinity changes upon mutations
Authors: Tsishyn Matsvei , Pucci Fabrizio , Rooman Marianne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the impact of mutations on protein–protein binding affinity is a key objective for a wide range of biotechnological applications and for shedding light on disease-causing mutations, which are often located at protein–protein interfaces. Over the past decade, many computational methods using physics-based and/or machine learning approaches have been developed to predict how protein binding affinity changes upon mutations. They all claim to achieve astonishing accuracy on both training and test sets, with performances on standard benchmarks such as SKEMPI 2.0 that seem overly optimistic. Here we benchmarked eight well-known and well-used predictors and identified their biases and dataset dependencies, using not only SKEMPI 2.0 as a test set but also deep mutagenesis data on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein in complex with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We showed that, even though most of the tested methods reach a significant degree of robustness and accuracy, they suffer from limited generalizability properties and struggle to predict unseen mutations. Interestingly, the generalizability problems are more severe for pure machine learning approaches, while physics-based methods are less affected by this issue. Moreover, undesirable prediction biases toward specific mutation properties, the most marked being toward destabilizing mutations, are also observed and should be carefully considered by method developers. We conclude from our analyses that there is room for improvement in the prediction models and suggest ways to check, assess and improve their generalizability and robustness.
GRIM-19 deficiency promotes macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype partly through glycolysis in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Yang Yang , Ye Jinwen , Han Xiaojuan , Yang Lin , Huang Yufei , Chao Lan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is closely related to immune system disorders, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of GRIM-19 in URSA and the possible pathogenesis of URSA according to macrophage polarization. Here, we showed that GRIM-19 was downregulated in the uterine decidual macrophages of patients with URSA and that GRIM-19 downregulation was accompanied by increased M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the expression levels of glycolytic enzymes were substantially enhanced in the uterine decidual macrophages of URSA patients, and glycolysis in THP-1-derived macrophages was further enhanced by the downregulation of GRIM-19. Additionally, the increase of M1 macrophages resulting from the loss of GRIM-19 was significantly reversed in cells treated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG, an inhibitor of glycolysis). To provide more direct evidence, GRIM-19 deficiency was shown to promote macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype in GRIM-19+/- mouse uteri. Overall, our study provides evidence that GRIM-19 deficiency may play a role in regulating macrophage polarization in URSA, and that glycolysis may participate in this process.
Systematic and persistent bias against introduced species
Authors: Pereyra Patricio Javier , de la Barra Paula , Amione Ludmila Lucila Daniela , Arcángel Andrea , Marello Buch Barbara Macarena , Rodríguez Emiliano , Mazzolari Ana , Maldonado Mara Anahí , Hünicken Leandro , Wallach Arian D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Critics of invasion biology have argued that conservation science is biased against introduced species. We reviewed 300 randomly selected articles that described the ecological effects of introduced species and assessed whether they were framed negatively, neutrally, or positively. We then asked whether their framing was related to harms as defined by the conservation community; to knowledge about the introduced species, using the species’ taxonomy, habitat, and region as proxies; and to the journal’s focus and prestige and the author's country of affiliation. We also analyzed whether framing differed across space and time. If invasion biology is unbiased, one would expect that negative framing would be more common for introduced species associated with harm. We found that introduced species were framed negatively in two thirds of the articles. Introduced species were framed negatively regardless of attributed harms and across taxonomies, journals, the globe, and time. Our results support that introduced species are persistently regarded as harmful, a bias that raises questions about the validity of the claims made about them.
The dangers of “Chasing the dragon”: a fatal case of heroin-induced leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Bourekba Iliass , Halfi Ismail , Ech Cherif Kettani Najwa , Fikri Meryem , Jidane Mohamed , Touarsa Firdaous 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Heroin-induced leukoencephalopathy (HLE) is a rare toxic encephalopathy associated primarily with heroin inhalation, commonly referred to as “chasing the dragon.” This study presents a clinical case of a 27-year-old polydrug user diagnosed with HLE during hospitalization for rapidly progressive flaccid tetraplegia and aphasia. The clinical manifestations encompassed cerebellar and bulbar dysfunction, coupled with motor impairment and altered consciousness. Based on the clinical data and MRI results, HLE was identified as the most likely cause. This article aims to provide insights into the clinical and radiological aspects of HLE, emphasizing the diagnostic significance of radiological findings. The gold standard examination for diagnosis is MRI, crucial due to the difficulties in obtaining histological confirmation for this rare condition.
Antenatal diagnosis of congenital pouch colon: a case report from the Indian subcontinent with insights into management
Authors: Sharma Jitendra , Malik Rajesh , Ahmed Reyaz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is highly uncommon congenital anorectal malformation where a distended pouch-like structure replaces either some part of the colon or the entire colon and communicates to the genitourinary tract through a fistula. Diagnosis of CPC is usually made after birth when neonate/infant presents with abdominal distension and absence of anal opening. Making antenatal diagnosis of CPC is difficult because of the lack of specific and verifiable signs on sonography. Hence, only a few cases of antenatal diagnosis of CPC have been reported.1,2 In our case, CPC was suspected on a routine antenatal growth scan ultrasound in the late third trimester, showing a hypoechoic tubular-shaped lesion in the pre-sacral region. With this suspicion, we suggested an institutional delivery at a tertiary level centre, and diagnosis of type III CPC was confirmed on post-delivery imaging and emergency primary surgery, done on the day 3 of life (pouch resection, division of fistula, and protective colostomy). The child also underwent further corrective surgeries in a staged manner in second year of life and recovered completely. Beforehand diagnosis prevented any unnecessary delay in operative care, reduced postoperative complications, and improved the overall outcome of this otherwise complex condition.
International postgraduate fellowships in radiology: the good, the bad, and the paperwork
Authors: Hadian Fatemeh , Din Farah , Butt Natasha , Stott Samantha , Navarro Oscar M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Postgraduate fellowships in clinical and interventional radiology are a well-recognized path to enhancing subspecialty skills and widening professional opportunities. They involve 1-2 years of higher-level intensive training in a chosen subspecialty and can aid in the transition from registrar to consultant. International fellowships combine this professional development with a unique exposure to new concepts, healthcare systems, and communities. However, they require careful planning, with applications opening up to 2 years in advance and various processes to navigate prior to commencing the fellowship. Understanding the benefits and considerations of international fellowships, choosing the right fellowship programme, and appreciating the steps to take prior to commencement are important in making an informed decision.
Improved synthesis of free bases of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoid for conversion to silicon(IV) complexes
Authors: Suzuki Hiroya , Furukawa Ko , Minoura Mao , Nakano Haruyuki , Matano Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report herein an improved method for the quantitative preparation of free bases of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoid (TADAP) using Me3SiBr–MeOH to treat the corresponding zinc(II) complexes. Metallation of the free base with HSiCl3 followed by Si–X metathesis with SbF3 and redox reactions afforded difluorosilicon(IV) complexes of TADAP.
High efficiency removal of Congo red from wastewater by metal organic framework material UiO-66
Authors: Fu Qiuping , Yuan Hui , Lou Jie , Zha Lei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Zr-based metal organic framework UiO-66 was synthesized using the solvothermal method. The adsorption properties of UiO-66 for organic dye Congo red (CR) were studied. The results showed the excellent adsorption performance of UiO-66 toward CR. The adsorption equilibrium data were consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanism of CR on UiO-66 were studied. The results of cyclic adsorption experiments showed that UiO-66 could be used repeatedly to adsorb CR.
Constitutional isomerization of cubane to semibullvalene via cuneane in hot water
Authors: Takebe Hiyori , Umemura Tomomi , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The construction of cage-type hydrocarbon scaffolds, potential bioisosteres for benzene, often involves multiple steps, making their selective syntheses challenging. However, by employing a scaffold editing technique that leverages the isomerization of the highly symmetrical cubane as a precursor, these can be synthesized more efficiently with fewer steps. In this study, we present a method for the selective synthesis of semibullvalene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid with a good yield, starting from dimethyl cubane-1,4-dicarboxylate, using a reaction in hot water.