bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghrelin Expression in Islet Cell Tumors: Augmented Expression of Ghrelin in a Case of Glucagonoma with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm Type I
Authors: Iwakura Hiroshi , Hosoda Kiminori , Doi Ryuichiro , Komoto Izumi , Nishimura Haruo , Son Choel , Fujikura Junji , Tomita Tsutomu , Takaya Kazuhiko , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Hayashi Tatsuya , Inoue Gen , Akamizu Takashi , Hosoda Hiroshi , Kojima Masayasu , Kangawa Kenji , Imamura Masayuki , Nakao Kazuwa 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide that regulates GH release together with GHRH and somatostatin. The expression of ghrelin has been detected in the stomach, small intestine, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, kidney, placenta, and testis. Recently it was reported that ghrelin is present in pancreatic α-cells and that it stimulates insulin secretion. In this study, we examined the ghrelin expression in two cases of glucagonoma and two cases of insulinoma by Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Ghrelin expression was identified in a case of glucagonoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasm type I both by Northern blot analysis using total RNA and by immunohistochemistry, although the plasma ghrelin level was not elevated. This is the first case of tumor in which ghrelin gene expression was detected by Northern blot analysis using total RNA.
Increased Circulatory Level of Biologically Active Full-Length FGF-23 in Patients with Hypophosphatemic Rickets/Osteomalacia
Authors: Yamazaki Yuji , Okazaki Ryo , Shibata Minako , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Satoh Kohei , Tajima Toshihiro , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Fujita Toshiro , Nakahara Kazuhiko , Yamashita Takeyoshi , Fukumoto Seiji 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
Hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia with inappropriately low serum 1,25-dihidroxyvitamin D level is commonly observed in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia, autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia and tumor-induced osteomalacia. Although the involvement of a newly identified factor, FGF-23, in the pathogenesis of ADHR and TIO has been suggested, clinical evidence indicating the role of FGF-23 has been lacking. We have previously shown that FGF-23 is cleaved between Arg179 and Ser180, and this processing abolished biological activity of FGF-23 to induce hypophosphatemia. Therefore, sandwich ELISA for biologically active intact human FGF-23 was developed using two kinds of monoclonal antibodies that requires the simultaneous presence of both the N-terminal and C-terminal portion of FGF-23. The serum levels of FGF-23 in healthy adults were measurable and ranged from 8.2 to 54.3 ng/L. In contrast, those in a patient with TIO were over 200 ng/L. After the resection of the responsible tumor, the elevated FGF-23 level returned to normal level within 1 h. The increase of serum concentrations of 1,25-dihidroxyvitamin D and phosphate, and the decrease of serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D followed the change of FGF-23. In addition, the elevated serum FGF-23 levels were demonstrated in most patients with XLH. It is likely that increased serum levels of FGF-23 contributes to the development of hypophosphatemia not only in TIO but also in XLH.
Improved preventive care in family practices with outreach facilitation: understanding success and failure
Authors: Hogg William , Baskerville Neil , Nykiforuk Candace , Mallen Dan 
Published: November 2002

Objectives: To understand why some family practices with a facilitator improved preventive performance more than others. Sustainability of practice improvements one year after the intervention was also explored. Methods: Interviews with physicians and nurses from seven practices and data gathered during the intervention were used to form case studies of three high performing and four low performing family practices. Case studies were developed using cross-case analysis with a combination of the constant-comparative method and memoing-diagramming. Two researchers independently conducted in-depth coding of transcripts and documents, individual case construction for each study site, and then cross-case analysis of the identified themes between study sites. Results: Staff involvement and a positive attitude toward implementation of changes were central to high improvement in performance. A lack of computers, low staff involvement or high staff turnover were associated with low improvement in performance. Personal characteristics of the facilitator are important. Six of the seven practices still had the prevention tools in place one year after the intervention and all noted that participation had improved their understanding of preventive medicine. Conclusions: When using facilitators, one should avoid practices in turmoil, strive for continuity over time, and recognise the importance of the relationship between the facilitator and the practice.
Using meta ethnography to synthesise qualitative research: a worked example
Authors: Britten Nicky , Campbell Rona , Pope Catherine , Donovan Jenny , Morgan Myfanwy , Pill Roisin 
Published: November 2002

Objectives: To demonstrate the benefits of applying meta ethnography to the synthesis of qualitative research, by means of a worked example. Methods: Four papers about lay meanings of medicines were arbitrarily chosen. Noblit and Hare's seven-step process for conducting a meta ethnography was employed: getting started; deciding what is relevant to the initial interest; reading the studies; determining how the studies are related; translating the studies into one another; synthesising translations; and expressing the synthesis. Results: Six key concepts were identified: adherence/compliance; self-regulation; aversion; alternative coping strategies; sanctions; and selective disclosure. Four second-order interpretations (derived from the chosen papers) were identified, on the basis of which four third-order interpretations (based on the key concepts and second-order interpretations) were constructed. These were all linked together in a line of argument that accounts for patients' medicine-taking behaviour and communication with health professionals in different settings. Third-order interpretations were developed which were not only consistent with the original results but also extended beyond them. Conclusions: It is possible to use meta ethnography to synthesise the results of qualitative research. The worked example has produced middle-range theories in the form of hypotheses that could be tested by other researchers.
Crouzon syndrome: Association with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and severe tracheobronchomalacia
Authors: Beck Raphael , Sertie Andrea L. , Brik Riva , Shinawi Marwan 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAirway obstruction is common among patients with craniosynostosis. We describe an infant with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome who presented with respiratory distress and heart murmur in early neonatal life. Cardiac evaluation revealed absent pulmonary valve syndrome. She needed intubation at age 1 month, and repeated trials of extubation failed because of marked respiratory distress, stridor, and severe expiratory obstruction and wheezing. Correction of her cardiac anomaly did not relieve her respiratory distress; only after endobronchial stenting and tracheostomy was it possible to gradually wean her from mechanical ventilation. This case report demonstrates and discusses the different causes of airway obstruction in Crouzon syndrome and the morbidity and mortality that can result from pulmonary involvement in this craniosynostotic syndrome. It also demonstrates the difficult therapeutic challenge created by the combination of cardiopulmonary abnormalities in Crouzon patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:478–481. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring ease of breathing in young patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Orenstein David M. , Holt Lori S. , Rebovich Paul , Campbell Thomas , Nixon Patricia 
Published: November 2002

AbstractOur objective was to compare two new objective measures of ease of breathing with the visual analog scale (VAS). Twenty‐eight patients with CF, 7–34 years old (FEV1 25–114% of predicted), enrolled. Ease of breathing was evaluated by a standard 10‐cm VAS, maximum phonation (time, in seconds, to sustain the syllable “Ahh”) using a single breath, and counting in a single breath at one number per second (Count) at rest, following 3 min of stepping exercise at 15 steps per minute (STEP15), and 3 min at 30 steps per minute (STEP30). Heart rate (HR) and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) were measured.HR and VAS increased significantly, and SaO2, phonation, and Count decreased significantly from rest to STEP15 and STEP30. Phonation time correlated significantly (and inversely) with HR after exercise. Phonation time was positively correlated with SaO2 at rest and after STEP30. Counts at rest and after STEP30 were significantly related to SaO2. VAS showed no relationship to heart rate at rest or after exercise, but was related to SaO2 at the end of STEP30. Test‐retest reliability for three trials of phonation was 0.92, and for the five trials of counting was 0.93. Correlation coefficients for maximum phonation at rest, STEP15, and STEP30 on 2 separate days were 0.61, 0.94, and 0.91, respectively. Correlation coefficients for Count at rest, STEP15, and STEP30 on 2 separate days were 0.96, 0.94, and 0.94, respectively. Correlation coefficients for VAS at rest, STEP15, and STEP30 on 2 separate days were 0.25, 0.89, and 0.97, respectively. Thus both the maximum phonation and Count have good test‐retest reliability within one session, and across 2 separate days, for both rest and exercise conditions.In conclusion, maximum phonation and Count are valid and reliable measures of ease of breathing; they reflect increasing work loads and show stronger correlations with heart rate and SaO2 than does VAS. These measures could be an important tool for clinical research and patient care. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:473–477. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cystic fibrosis presenting as acute pancreatitis and obstructive azoospermia in a young adult male with a novel mutation in the CFTR gene
Authors: Conway Steven P. , Peckham Daniel G. , Chu Carol E. , Ellis Lucy A. , Ahmed Mushtaq , Taylor Graham R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCystic fibrosis is rare in the Asian population, and is often associated with consanguinity and rare genotypes. We report on a 23‐year‐old Asian man from a consanguineous pedigree referred to the regional cystic fibrosis unit after a diagnosis of congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens during investigations for infertility. A detailed history revealed several previous episodes of acute pancreatitis. Full diagnostic appraisal showed homozygosity for a novel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation, but normal sweat test and nasal potential difference studies. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) showed chronic pancreatitis with bulky side branches. The vas deferens and the pancreas appeared exquisitely sensitive to mild CFTR dysfunction. Patients with cystic fibrosis and unexplained upper abdominal pain should be screened for pancreatitis, and consideration should be given to screening patients with idiopathic pancreatitis for mutations in the CFTR gene. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:491–495. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relapsed non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Phadke Shruti M. , Chini Barbara A. , Patton Donna , Goyal Rakesh K. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPulmonary relapse of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) occurred in a 10‐year‐old girl who presented with cough, blood‐tinged sputum, and chest tightness. The diagnosis of Ki‐1 (CD30) anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma was established using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBB). These procedures demonstrated malignant cells that stained positive for CD30 and had the t(2;5) translocation, thereby avoiding the need for an open lung biopsy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:488–490. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Opioid peptide receptor studies. 16. Chronic morphine alters G‐protein function in cells expressing the cloned mu opioid receptor
Authors: Xu Heng , Lu Yi‐Feng , Rothman Richard B. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractChronic morphine treatment results in functional uncoupling of the mu opioid receptor and its G protein in both cell culture and animal models. In the present study, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing the cloned human mu opioid receptor (hMOR‐CHO cells) were incubated with 1 μM of morphine (or no drug) for 20 h. Subsequently, we assessed DAMGO‐ and morphine‐stimulated [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S binding and agonist‐mediated inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated cAMP accumulation. Using a single concentration of [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S (0.05 nM), chronic morphine treatment did not significantly change basal [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S binding, shifted the morphine EC50 from 59 nM to 146 nM, and decreased the maximal stimulation (Emax) from 201% to 177%. Similar results were observed with DAMGO. Binding surface analysis resolved two [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S binding sites (high‐affinity and low‐affinity sites). In control cells, morphine stimulated [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S binding by increasing the Bmax of the high‐affinity site. In morphine‐treated cells, morphine stimulated [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S binding by decreasing the high‐affinity Kd without changing the Bmax. Morphine treatment increased the EC50 (5–11‐fold) for agonist‐mediated inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated cAMP accumulation. These changes were not observed in cells expressing a mutant mu opioid receptor which does not develop morphine tolerance, suggesting that the changes in [35S]‐GTP‐γ‐S binding observed in hMOR‐CHO cells result from the development of morphine tolerance. Synapse 47:1–9, 2003. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measures induced by analytic functions and a problem of Walter Rudin
Authors: Sundberg Carl 
Published: November 2002

The measure

μ
φ

\mu _\varphi

induced by a bounded analytic function

φ
\varphi

on the unit disk

U
U

may be defined by

μ
φ

(
E
)
=
m
(

φ

−
1

(
E
)
)

\mu _\varphi (E)=m(\varphi ^{-1}(E))

, where

m
m

is normalized Lebesgue measure on

∂
U

\partial U

. We discuss the problem of characterizing such measures, and produce some necessary conditions which we conjecture are sufficient. Our main results are a construction showing that our conjectured sufficient conditions are sufficient for a measure to be weakly approximable by induced measures, and a construction of a function

φ
\varphi

, not a constant multiple of an inner function, whose induced measure is rotationally symmetric. This function is not inner, but satisfies

∫
φ

(

e

i
θ

)

m

φ

(

e

i
θ

)

n

¯

d
θ

2
π

=
0

\int \varphi \left (e^{i\theta }\right )^m\overline {\varphi \left (e^{i\theta }\right )^n} \frac {d\theta }{2\pi }=0

if

m
≠
n

m\ne n

, thus answering a question posed by Walter Rudin.
Bidirectional Cyclic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Column-Superstructure Subassemblies
Authors: Mosalam Khalid M. , Naito Clay J. , Khaykina Svetlana 
Published: November 2002

The paper presents the methodology and findings from large-scale experiments conducted on reinforced concrete bridge subassemblies. Each subassembly consisted of the middle column/cap-beam joint of a three-column bridge bent and a large part of the monolithically cast-in-place box-girder of a typical California highway bridge. The subassemblies were subjected to constant gravity load and gradually increasing bidirectional cyclic lateral loading. One subassembly represented common practice in California and the other considered new design using headed reinforcing bars with reduced volume of transverse reinforcement to improve joint construction. When loading in the transverse direction, i.e., parallel to the cap-beam, the use of headed bars led to better global and local performances due to improved confinement of the joint region with less volume of reinforcement. On the other hand, when loading in the longitudinal direction, i.e., parallel to the box-girder, the headed bars were more engaged, as evident by their yielding, in confining the joint region than the conventional reinforcement. The effect of bidirectional loading on global damage of the box-girder slabs is presented as variation of the effective moment of inertia of the cap-beam cross section with displacement ductility indicating that Caltrans estimates are conservative up to displacement ductility of five. Key words: bidirectional cyclic loading, box-girders, bridge joints, headed reinforcement, reinforced concrete
Major ear surgery in a paediatric day care unit
Authors: Rowlands R. G. , Harris R. , Hern J. , Knight J. R. 
Published: November 2002

Abstract Traditionally major ear surgery in children has been regarded as an in-patient procedure. Evidence from the USA for adults, however, concludes that it is both safe and effective to perform many major ear procedures as day cases. We have been carrying out major ear operations on children as day cases routinely for six years in a dedicated children’s day unit and examined our data to find out whether it was both safe and feasible to perform major ear surgery in children on a day-case basis. As our main outcome measure we used the rate of unplanned admissions.We found that the unplanned admission rate for surgery, excluding mastoid surgery, was 6.7 per cent and that procedures such as myringoplasty, ossiculoplasty, bilateral pinnaplasty, meatoplasty and tympanotomy with excision of cholesteatoma, were eminently suitable for day surgery.
Techniques for measurement of thoracoabdominal asynchrony
Authors: Prisk G. Kim , Hammer J. , Newth Christopher J.L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractRespiratory motion measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography often deviates from the sinusoidal pattern assumed in the traditional Lissajous figure (loop) analysis used to determine thoraco‐abdominal asynchrony, or phase angle ϕ. We investigated six different time‐domain methods of measuring ϕ, using simulated data with sinusoidal and triangular waveforms, phase shifts of 0–135°, and 10% noise. The techniques were then used on data from 11 lightly anesthetized rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; 7.6 ± 0.8 kg; 5.7 ± 0.5 years old), instrumented with a respiratory inductive plethysmograph, and subjected to increasing levels of inspiratory resistive loading ranging from 5–1,000 cmH2O · L−1 · sec−1.The best results were obtained from cross‐correlation and maximum linear correlation, with errors less than ∼5° from the actual phase angle in the simulated data. The worst performance was produced by the loop analysis, which in some cases was in error by more than 30°. Compared to correlation, other analysis techniques performed at an intermediate level. Maximum linear correlation and cross‐correlation produced similar results on the data collected from monkeys (SD of the difference, 4.1°) but all other techniques had a high SD of the difference compared to the correlation techniques.We conclude that phase angles are best measured using cross‐correlation or maximum linear correlation, techniques that are independent of waveform shape, and robust in the presence of noise. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:462–472. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Host brain regulation of dopaminergic grafts function: Role of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in amphetamine‐induced responses
Authors: Muñoz Ana , Rodriguez‐Pallares Jannette , Guerra Maria Jose , Labandeira‐Garcia Jose Luis 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe indirect dopaminergic (DA) agonist amphetamine has frequently been used to study functional responses of DA grafted neurons. However, it is not known if striatal responses, primarily related to DA release by the grafted neurons, are modulated by the host striatal afferents. We investigated the changes in amphetamine‐induced rotational behavior and striatal expression of Fos in DA‐denervated and grafted rats subjected to serotonergic denervation and/or treatment with the α1‐adrenergic receptor antagonist Prazosin. Acute serotonergic lesions with p‐chlorophenylalanine suppressed the expression of Fos induced by 1 mg/kg of amphetamine in both the grafted and the contralateral striatum. Chronic serotonergic denervation with 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine induced a significant reduction in Fos expression in both the grafted and nongrafted striata and a nonsignificant reduction in the contraversive rotation. In DA‐innervated striata, Prazosin significantly reduced the expression of Fos but only in the presence of serotonergic innervation. However, Prazosin did not decrease the expression of Fos induced by grafts located in striata not subjected to serotonergic denervation. The present results suggest functional integration of transplanted DA neurons and major host striatal afferent systems, particularly the serotonergic system, in modulating responses of the host striatal neurons. However, indirect effects exerted by the noradrenergic system on the normal striatum were not observed in the DA‐denervated and grafted striata. Synapse 47:66–76, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in regional and subcellular localization of Gq/11 and RGS4 protein levels in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with muscarinic M1 receptor binding parameters
Authors: Muma Nancy A. , Mariyappa Ramesh , Williams Kyle , Lee John M. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractDeficits in M1 muscarinic receptor system signaling in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prompted an analysis of components of these systems, namely, the Gq/11 protein and the regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) 4 protein. In AD parietal cortex, total levels of Gq/11 and RGS4 proteins were significantly lower than age‐matched control cases by 40% and 53%, respectively. However, the levels of membrane‐bound Gq/11 and RGS4 protein in AD parietal cortex were maintained at levels comparable to controls. Furthermore, in the frontal cortex and cerebellum both the total and membrane levels of Gq/11 and RGS4 protein were not altered in AD cases compared to control cases. To our knowledge, this is the first report to examine RGS proteins in AD. Using receptor binding assays on the parietal cortex membrane fractions from AD cases, we found the muscarinic agonist carbachol still bound to high‐ and low‐affinity sites (two‐site fit) and the potency of 5‐guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp) to shift receptors from the high‐ to low‐affinity state (based on the ternary complex model) was greater in AD cases compared to controls. In contrast, we previously reported a lack of high‐affinity agonist binding sites in the frontal cortex in AD cases even in the absence of GppNHp. The data suggest that the equilibrium dynamics between the cytosolic and membrane levels of Gq/11 and RGS4 may contribute to the regional differences in the coupling of muscarinic M1 receptors in AD and have implications for the variability in effects of cholingeric treatment strategies currently in place. Synapse 47:58–65, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Industrial Ecosystem Development at the Metropolitan Level
Authors: Kincaid Judy , Overcash Michael 
Published: November 2002

SummaryThis article presents the result of a two‐year project funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to identify potential by‐products partnerships between industries in a six‐county metropolitan area in North Carolina, U.S.A. The project gathered data from 182 industries and institutions in the region regarding (1) by‐products that might be usable by other, nearby firms, and (2) the inputs they used that might be furnished from another facility's by‐products. These data, which were also linked to geographic information system maps, were used to identify potential regional partnerships for the reuse of materials, water, and energy. Of the 182 participating facilities, probable or possible partnerships were found for 48% during the limited project period. This project demonstrated the value of a local facilitator and the value of specific techniques for identifying and promoting potential by‐products partnerships.