bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic and inhibition studies for the aerobic cometabolism of 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, 1,1‐dichloroethylene, and 1,1‐dichloroethane by a butane‐grown mixed culture
Authors: Kim Young , Arp Daniel J. , Semprini Lewis 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBatch kinetic and inhibition studies were performed for the aerobic cometabolism of 1,1,1‐trichloroethane (1,1,1‐TCA), 1,1‐dichloroethylene (1,1‐DCE), and 1,1‐dichloroethane (1,1‐DCA) by a butane‐grown mixed culture. These chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) are often found together as cocontaminants in groundwater. The maximum degradation rates (kmax) and half‐saturation coefficients (Ks) were determined in single compound kinetic tests. The highest kmax was obtained for butane (2.6 μmol/mg TSS/h) followed by 1,1‐DCE (1.3 μmol/mg TSS/h), 1,1‐DCA (0.49 μmol/mg TSS/h), and 1,1,1‐TCA (0.19 μmol/mg TSS/h), while the order of Ks from the highest to lowest was 1,1‐DCA (19 μM), butane (19 μM), 1,1,1‐TCA (12 μM) and 1,1‐DCE (1.5 μM). The inhibition types were determined using direct linear plots, while inhibition coefficients (Kic and Kiu) were estimated by nonlinear least squares regression (NLSR) fits to the kinetic model of the identified inhibition type. Two different inhibition types were observed among the compounds. Competitive inhibition among CAHs was indicated from direct linear plots, and the CAHs also competitively inhibited butane utilization. 1,1‐DCE was a stronger inhibitor than the other CAHs. Mixed inhibition of 1,1,1‐TCA, 1,1‐DCA, and 1,1‐DCE transformations by butane was observed. Thus, both competitive and mixed inhibitions are important in cometabolism of CAHs by this butane culture. For competitive inhibition between CAHs, the ratio of the Ks values was a reasonable indicator of competitive inhibition observed. Butane was a strong inhibitor of CAH transformation, having a much lower inhibition coefficient than the Ks value of butane, while the CAHs were weak inhibitors of butane utilization. Model simulations of reactor systems where both the growth substrate and the CAHs are present indicate that reactor performance is significantly affected by inhibition type and inhibition coefficients. Thus, determining inhibition type and measuring inhibition coefficients is important in designing CAH treatment systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 498–508, 2002.
Common and distinct features of cytokine effects on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed by dose–response surface analysis
Authors: Audet Julie , Miller Cindy L. , Eaves Connie J. , Piret James M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecent studies have identified thrombopoietin (TPO), flt‐3 ligand (FL), Steel factor (SF), and interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) as cytokines able to stimulate amplification of the most primitive murine hematopoietic cells in vitro. However, dose–response and interaction parameters that predict how to optimize mixtures of these cytokines have not been previously defined. To obtain this information, Sca‐1+lin− and c‐kit+Sca‐1+lin− adult mouse bone marrow cells were cultured for 10 and 14 days, respectively, in serum‐free medium with varying concentrations of these cytokines. Quantitative assays were performed to determine the influences of the cytokine combinations tested on changes in long‐term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in vitro colony‐forming cells (CFCs), and total cell numbers. A two‐level factorial design was first used to screen the effects of TPO, SF, FL, and IL‐11 as well as two different incubation temperatures. IL‐11 and SF were found to be the most significant stimulators of murine HSC expansion. More detailed analyses of the effects on c‐kit+Sca‐1+lin− cells of IL‐11, SF, and FL concentrations and their interactions using response surface methodology showed IL‐11 to have a maximal stimulatory effect on HSC expansion at 20 ng/mL with higher concentrations being inhibitory. In contrast, not even high concentration saturation of the effects of either SF or FL was observed as the stimulatory effect of both SF and FL increased beyond 300 ng/mL. A negative interaction between SF and FL on HSCs was discovered. Interestingly, a generally similar pattern of cytokine effects was found to influence the 14‐day output of CFCs and total cells from the same c‐kit+Sca‐1+lin− starting cell population. However, compared with HSCs, the cytokine requirements for maximizing the generation of CFCs and total cells were at much lower cytokine doses. From the information provided by the factorial analysis, mathematical models based on Monod kinetics for inhibitory substrates were developed that allow total cell, CFC, and HSC expansion to be predicted as a function of the IL‐11, SF, and FL concentrations in terms of more widely recognized parameters. Overall, these methods should also serve as a guide for the future design and testing of other ex vivo stem cell expansion systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 393–404, 2002.
Serum‐free suspension cultivation of PER.C6® cells and recombinant adenovirus production under different pH conditions
Authors: Xie Liangzhi , Pilbrough Warren , Metallo Christian , Zhong Tanya , Pikus Lana , Leung John , Auniņš John G. , Zhou Weichang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPER.C6® cell growth, metabolism, and adenovirus production were studied in head‐to‐head comparisons in stirred bioreactors under different pH conditions. Cell growth rate was found to be similar in the pH range of 7.1–7.6, while a long lag phase and a slower growth rate were observed at pH 6.8. The specific consumption rates of glucose and glutamine decreased rapidly over time during batch cell growth, as did the specific lactate and ammonium production rates. Cell metabolism in both infected and uninfected cultures was very sensitive to culture pH, resulting in dramatic differences in glucose/glutamine consumption and lactate/ammonium production under different pH conditions. It appeared that glucose metabolism was suppressed at low pH but the efficiency of energy production from glucose was enhanced. Adenovirus infection resulted in profound changes in cell growth and metabolism. Cell growth was largely arrested under all pH conditions, while glucose consumption and lactate production were elevated post virus infection. Virus infection induced a reduction in glutamine consumption at low pH but an increase at high pH. The optimal pH for adenovirus production was found to be 7.3 under the experimental conditions used in the study. Deviations from this optimum resulted in significant reductions of virus productivity. The results indicate that culture pH is a very critical process parameter in PER.C6® cell culture and adenovirus production. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 569–579, 2002.
Legal issues in maximum security institutions for people with mental illness: liberty, security, and administrative discretion
Authors: Petrila John , Douglas Kevin S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article explores four legal issues relevant to the provision of care in secure hospitals. These include the current status of right to treatment litigation; the potential impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act; new developments in laws governing restraint and seclusion; and the need for uniform institutional policies on risk assessment. These issues illustrate the potential conflicts between individual autonomy and institutional control that have been at the heart of mental health law for three decades. The article suggests that because of the diminishing oversight provided by the federal judiciary, institutional custodians have a particular obligation to ensure that individual rights are not overwhelmed by concerns with security. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architectural design of a secure forensic state psychiatric hospital
Authors: Dvoskin Joel A. , Radomski Steven J. , Bennett Charles , Olin Jonathan A. , Hawkins Robert L. , Dotson Linda A. , Drewnicky Irene N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article describes the architectural design of a secure forensic state psychiatric hospital. The project combined input from staff at all levels of the client organization, outside consultants, and a team of experienced architects. The design team was able to create a design that maximized patient dignity and privacy on one hand, and the ability of staff to observe all patient activity on the other. The design centers around 24‐bed units, broken into smaller living wings of eight beds each. Each eight‐bed living wing has its own private bathrooms (two) and showers (two), as well as a small living area solely reserved for these eight patients and their guests. An indoor–outdoor dayroom allows patients to go outside whenever they choose, while allowing staff to continue observing them. The heart of the facility is a large treatment mall, designed to foster the acquisition of social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral skills that will help patients to safely return to their communities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of medical students' use of Web‐based resources for a gross anatomy and embryology course
Authors: Nieder Gary L. , Nagy Frank 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn extensive Web site supporting our gross anatomy and embryology course, which includes various course management pages as well as online lectures, has been in use for the past 2 years. To determine how this Web site is being used by students, we examined server log files to track access to each of the Web pages on the site. Using this data, along with student responses on a course evaluation, we have been able to quantitatively characterize Web site use and gain some insight into students' perception of the site. This analysis showed that all of the resources available online, including course management information, exam reviews, online lectures, and dissection guides were heavily used and deemed useful by students. Despite universal computer ownership and Internet access from home, most use of the Web site was from on‐campus computer labs, especially for lectures with audio streams. This was probably due to the limited bandwidth of off‐campus connections. Data on the day of the week and time of the day of access showed peak activity at expected times, but also significant activity at all hours, as students took full advantage of ‘access on demand.’ This on‐demand nature of the Web was also evident in students' viewing of lectures in short sessions rather than in one sitting. Online lectures were used regularly by a majority of students both before and after corresponding class sessions, however, this was not the preferred venue for all students. Although the flexibility of Web‐based resources accommodates students' varying study habits, the alternative of traditional print material and live lectures should not be abandoned lightly. Clin. Anat. 15:409–418, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility study of a fiber‐optic system for invasive blood pressure measurements
Authors: Reesink Koen D. , van der Nagel Theo , Bovelander Jan , Jansen Jos R.C. , van der Veen Frederik H. , Schreuder Jan J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA comparative study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a fiber‐optic sensor in invasive blood pressure measurements. Static and wide‐bandwidth stimuli were offered to the fiber‐optic, Millar, Baxter, and Sentron devices to measure static transfer function and transient response. Animal experiments focused on offset drift, dynamic accuracy, and electromagnetic sensitivity. Compared to the Millar, Sentron, and Baxter devices, the fiber‐optic sensor had a near‐identical static transfer function. Gain and offset errors were < 3.4% and < 0.25%, respectively. Hysteresis nonlinearity was < 0.1%. The dynamic accuracy of the fiber‐optic system matched that of the Millar and Sentron systems. Time delay was < 1 msec. Maximum rate of change was > 30,000 mm Hg/sec and bandwidth was 0–150 Hz minimum. Offset drift was 0.6 ± 0.03 mm Hg. Application of diathermy highlighted the fiber‐optic sensor's excellent electromagnetic disturbance rejection. The fiber‐optic system appears to be a reliable, high‐fidelity pressure monitor in demanding clinical environments. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:272–276. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extraction of previously deployed stent by an entrapped cutting balloon due to the blade fracture
Authors: Kawamura Akio , Asakura Yasushi , Ishikawa Shiro , Asakura Keiko , Okabe Teruo , Yamane Akiko , Fujikura Kana , Suzuki Yusuke , Ogawa Satoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring treatment for in‐stent restenosis, entrapment of cutting balloon occurred because of the blade fracture. Removal of the balloon caused stent extraction, inducing acute occlusion of the coronary artery. Application of cutting balloon for in‐stent restenosis requires every caution against such type of complications. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:239–243. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of online‐dual‐column extraction in conjunction with chiral liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for determination of terbutaline enantiomers in human plasma
Authors: Xia Yuan‐Qing , Liu David Q. , Bakhtiar Ray 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn online sample extraction chiral bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of terbutaline, a β2‐selective adrenoceptor agonist, spiked into human plasma by using two extraction columns and a chiral stationary phase (CSP) in conjunction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). In this method, two Oasis HLB extraction columns were used in parallel for plasma sample purification and a Chirobiotic T CSP was used for enantiomeric separation. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS/MS was employed in multiple reaction monitoring mode for the detection and quantification. Subsequent to the addition of an internal standard solution, the plasma samples were directly injected onto the system for extraction and analysis. This method allowed the use of one of the extraction columns for purification while the other was being equilibrated. Hence, the time required for reconditioning the extraction columns did not contribute to the total analysis time per sample, which resulted in a shorter run time and higher throughput. A lower limit of quantification of 1.0 ng/mL was achieved using only 50 microliter of human plasma. The method was validated with a dynamic range of 1.0–200 ng/mL. The intra‐ and interday precision was no more than 11% CV and the assay accuracy was between 94–106%. Chirality 14:742–749, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Racial differences in treatment and survival from early‐stage breast carcinoma
Authors: Joslyn Sue A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfrican‐American women have a significantly worse prognosis from breast carcinoma compared with white women, even when the stage at diagnosis is equivalent. The purpose of this study was to analyze racial differences in the treatment (use of breast‐conserving surgery and radiation therapy) of women with early‐stage breast carcinoma and the resulting effects on survival rates.METHODSSubjects included 10,073 African‐American and 123,127 white women diagnosed with Stage I, IIA, or IIB breast carcinoma in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 1988 and 1998. Comparisons were made by race with treatment, age, hormone receptor status, and stage at the time of diagnosis. Survival analyses were conducted to compare risk of death for African‐American and white women while controlling for age, stage, and hormone receptor status.RESULTSAmong women diagnosed with early‐stage breast carcinoma who receive breast‐conserving surgery, African‐American women were significantly less likely to receive follow‐up radiation therapy in every 10‐year age group except in the older than 85 age group. Whether treatment was equivalent or suboptimal, survival for African‐American women with early‐stage breast carcinoma was significantly worse. However, when treatment was equivalent, the effects of racial differences on survival were significantly less compared with survival associated with suboptimal treatment.CONCLUSIONSSignificant racial differences exist in the treatment of women with early‐stage breast carcinoma. Public health efforts to eliminate suboptimal treatment would reduce, but not eliminate, racial disparity in survival. Cancer 2002;95:1759–66. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10827
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein measured at the time of first visit is an indicator of bone metastases and survival in lung carcinoma patients with hypercalcemia
Authors: Hiraki Akio , Ueoka Hiroshi , Bessho Akihiro , Segawa Yoshihiko , Takigawa Nagio , Kiura Katsuyuki , Eguchi Kenji , Yoneda Toshiyuki , Tanimoto Mitsune , Harada Mine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDParathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTH‐rP) is a major cause of tumor‐induced hypercalcemia (TIH) and frequently is found to be elevated in serum of patients with TIH. In the current study, the authors examined the usefulness of PTH‐rP measurement at the time of first presentation in the follow‐up of lung carcinoma patients with TIH.METHODSThe authors retrospectively studied 23 of 1149 lung carcinoma patients who were found to have TIH at the time of first presentation for the correlation between serum PTH‐rP and the development of bone metastases and survival compared with lung carcinoma patients without TIH who were matched by gender, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, histological type of tumor, and stage of the disease.RESULTSTwenty‐three lung carcinoma patients with TIH demonstrated significantly increased serum levels of PTH‐rP (mean ± standard error [SE], 84.1 ± 16.5 pmol/L) compared with control patients without TIH (mean ± SE, 36.2 ± 2.0 pmol/L) at the time of first presentation, (P < 0.001). In these hypercalcemic patients, patients whose serum PTH‐rP was > 150 pmol/L (n = 16) were found to have a significantly increased rate of bone metastases (71.4% vs. 12.5%; P = 0.01) and decreased survival (median survival of 1.4 months vs. 5.4 months; P < 0.015) compared with patients whose serum PTH‐rP was < 150 pmol/L (n = 7).CONCULUSIONSThe data from the current study suggest that serum PTH‐rP as determined at the time of first presentation is a useful indicator of not only hypercalcemia but also bone metastasis and eventual survival in patients with lung carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:1706–13. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10828
Characteristics and outcome of patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative,bcr/ablnegative chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Onida Francesco , Ball Greg , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Smith Terry L. , Glassman Armand , Albitar Maher , Scappini Barbara , Rios Mary Beth , Keating Michael J. , Beran Miloslav 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDUp to 5% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) do not have the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) or abcr/ablmolecular rearrangement. Although the diagnostic criteria of this entity are still under debate, there is general agreement that patients with Ph negative,bcr/ablnegative CML have a severe clinical course that is not affected significantly by current treatment options.METHODSA population of 76 patients withbcr/ablnegative CML who had received minimal or no previous therapy was characterized carefully with the intent of investigating clinical and hematologic variables and their association with survival by univariate, correlation, and multivariate analyses. A group of 73 patients with Ph negative CML who were not tested for thebcr/ablrearrangement (bcr/ablunknown) was analyzed separately and used for extension of the analysis.RESULTSIn thebcr/ablnegative patient population, the median overall survival was 24 months. At the time of the analysis, 38 patients (50%) had died, and blastic transformation preceded death in 31%. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 30% of the 76 patients, with trisomy 8 the most common abnormality. Complex chromosomal abnormalities were rare, and monosomy 7 was not observed. Survival was not affected significantly by treatment. Multivariate analysis identified older age (> 65 years), anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL), and severe leukocytosis (white blood cells > 50 × 109/L) as variables with independent prognostic significance for poor survival. A prognostic scoring system stratified patients into a low‐risk group (53%) and a high‐risk group (47%), with median survivals of 38 months and 9 months, respectively.CONCLUSIONSBcr/ablnegative CML is a distinct clinical entity associated with very poor prognosis. Two risk categories are identifiable using a simple scoring system based on age, hemoglobin level, and leukocyte number. Cancer 2002;95:1673–84. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10832
Childhood cancer survival in Europe and the United States
Authors: Gatta Gemma , Capocaccia Riccardo , Coleman Michel P. , Ries Lynn A. Gloeckler , Berrino Franco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurvival rates for most major adult cancers are higher in the United States compared with the survival rates in Europe. The objective of this study was to determine whether transatlantic differences in survival also are present in childhood cancers.METHODSThe authors analyzed 16,148 European patients and 3476 patients in the United States who were diagnosed with malignant disease at age < 15 years during 1985–1989. The patients were obtained from 34 EUROCARE cancer registries in 17 countries and from 9 SEER registries in the United States. The authors considered the major 14 diagnostic categories of the International Classification of Childhood Cancers. To increase the power of comparisons, they also considered all childhood cancers together. Observed survival was calculated by actuarial methods.RESULTSFor all cancers combined, northern Europe had the highest 5‐year survival rate at 75% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 72–78%), and Eastern Europe had the lowest survival rate at 55% (95%CI, 52–58%). The survival rate in the United States was roughly comparable to the survival rates in Italy and other Western European countries at 70%. Northern Europe also had highest survival rate for patients with lymphoid leukemias (83%; 95%CI, 78–88%); whereas Germany, Italy, and the other Western European countries had survival rates similar to the average survival rate for patients in the United States (77%; 95%CI, 74–80%). The survival rate was 7–9% lower in Europe compared with the survival rate in United States for patients with neuroblastoma and Wilms tumors and 8% higher for patients with retinoblastoma (all significant). Small, nonsignificant differences were found for patients with osteosarcoma, ependymoma, and medulloblastoma (with a higher survival rate in the United States) and for patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (with a higher survival rate in Europe). Very similar survival rates among the two populations were found for the other cancers.CONCLUSIONSUnlike the survival of adults with cancer, the survival of children with cancer in Europe (except Eastern Europe) is very similar to that in the United States. Childhood cancers are generally more responsive to therapy than adult cancers, but these results also may reflect wide accessibility of these treatments for most patients. These results are relevant to the interpretation of differences in adult cancer survival. Cancer 2002;95:1767–72. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10833