bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital competences in research: creativity and entrepreneurship as essential predictors for teacher training
Authors: Guillén-Gámez Francisco D. , Ruiz-Palmero Julio , Gómez-García Melchor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe first purpose of this study was to analyse the digital research competences of higher education teaching staff, depending on whether the level of creativity of the teacher to initiate new research projects and their level of entrepreneurial spirit was low/good. Following, it was analysed whether the use of different emerging technologies significantly affect the digital skills of teachers in research work; and to know in what order the use of these emerging technologies or the combination of several of them affect the digital competences of teachers. A ex post facto design was used with a sample of 1740 Higher Education teachers. Digital skills were measured using the instrument of Guillén-Gámez et al. (Educ Inf Technol 10.1007/s10639-023-11895-2, 2023). The levels of creativity and entrepreneurship were analyzed with dichotomous variables from a 10-point Likert scale (less than 7 points-low level, greater than or equal to 7-good level). The results showed that, although teachers possessed an adequate level of digital research skills, this could vary depending on transversal skills such as creativity and entrepreneurship, with large differences when these skills were at a basic level. Furthermore, depending on whether teachers had research experience in XR technology, cryptocurrencies, facial authentication systems, wearables or robotics, amongst others, this significantly affected the level of digital competence in research. The added value of this study lies on the one hand, in the fact that there are hardly any studies that analyse this subject; and on the other hand, the implications that this could have for institutions to launch training initiatives for their teaching staff in emerging technologies, as well as in transversal competences in any disciplinary field.
Engineering Strategies for Suppressing the Shuttle Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Jiayi , Gao Li , Pan Fengying , Gong Cheng , Sun Limeng , Gao Hong , Zhang Jinqiang , Zhao Yufei , Wang Guoxiu , Liu Hao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical value. Many methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide, improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of Li–S batteries. Here, we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of Li–S batteries. First, the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in detail. Moreover, the efficient strategies, including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur, confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides (LPS) within cathode host, confining LPS in the shield layer, and preventing LPS from contacting the anode, will be discussed to suppress the shuttle effect. Then, recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode, electrolyte, separator, and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for Li–S batteries. Finally, we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in Li–S batteries.
Urologische Notfälle: akuter Harnverhalt
Authors: Bausch Kathrin , Feicke Antje , Seifert Hans Helge 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDer akute Harnverhalt ist ein häufiger urologischer Notfall und äussert sich als plötzliche Unfähigkeit, spontan zu urinieren, typischerweise assoziiert mit Schmerzen im unteren Bauchbereich. Obwohl die häufigste Ursache eine durch eine benigne Prostatavergrösserung („benign prostate enlargement“ [BPE]) verursachte mechanische Blasenauslassobstruktion („benign prostate obstruction“ [BPO]) ist, kann die Ätiologie vielfältig und multifaktoriell sein. Die Behandlung aller Arten von Harnverhalt zielt darauf ab, die Blase zu entlasten und die zugrunde liegende Ursache des Harnverhalts zu mildern. Dies kann in der Regel in der Notaufnahme ohne sofortige urologische Konsultation durch eine Katheterisierung der Blase erreicht werden; jedoch können bestimmte klinische Merkmale und die langfristige Therapie der Ursache eine fachurologische Abklärung erfordern. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die häufigsten Ursachen des akuten Harnverhaltes sowie die Diagnostik und Therapie von Harnverhalten bei Männern und Frauen in der Notaufnahme.
Nitric Acid Pretreatment Applied to a Refractory Gold-Tellurides Ore
Authors: Argumedo-Jimenez Carlos , Chaverra Dairo E. , Restrepo-Baena Oscar J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results obtained by processing a gold and silver telluride mineral concentrate from a mine in Colombia. An acid wash, also known as acidification, was carried out, followed by oxidation with nitric acid as a pretreatment. Cyanidations of the pretreatment residues were carried out and the results were compared with results from cyanidations of base materials. The removal of carbonates in the acidification, a tellurium extraction close to 90% during the pretreatment, and a 30% improvement in the gold recovery compared to the conventional process were achieved.
Time, Resentment, and Forgiveness: Impact on the Well-Being of Older Adults
Authors: Almeida Bernardo , Cunha Carla 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study explores how resentment and forgiveness can affect older people and how resentment can be alleviated or intensified over time. The investigation is based on a qualitative methodology, using life history interviews, carried out in two moments. Data were collected from 20 individuals over 65 years old. Data were subject to thematic content analysis. The results point to different negative impacts of resentment on well-being and different positive impacts of forgiveness. Our results suggest that over time a set of variables influence the experience of forgiving. Subsequent studies are needed to investigate these variables and validate intervention plans focused on forgiveness among older population.
Large positive magnetoresistance and high mobility in topological insulator candidate LaP
Authors: Wu Desheng , Luo Jianlin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe reported herein the single crystal growth and the comprehensive study of basic physical properties including electronic transport, magnetic, specific heat of topological insulator candidate LaP. Single crystal LaP of rock salt type structure was synthesized by Sn flux method. Under low temperature and high magnetic field of $T= 2$
T
=
2
K and $B= 9$
B
=
9
T, large positive magnetoresistance (LMR) of 500% was discovered. The Hall effect measurements show that the conduction carriers are dominated by holes among the temperature range from 300 K to 2 K, the carrier concentration $n_{h} =4.94\times 10^{19}$

n
h

=
4.94
×

10

19

cm−3 and $n_{e} =5.02\times 10^{16}$

n
e

=
5.02
×

10

16

cm−3 and the mobility of LaP reached as high as $\mu _{h}=1.57\times 10^{4}$

μ
h

=
1.57
×

10

4

cm2 V−1 S−1 and $\mu _{e} = 1.55\times 10^{3}$

μ
e

=
1.55
×

10

3

cm2 V−1 S−1 obtained at 2 K, which can be explained by multiband model physics like other topological quantum material systems with large MR. LaP shows diamagnetism over a wide temperature range from 2 K to 300 K without any magnetic phase transition by susceptibility measurements. No evidence of phase transitions from 2 K to 300 K was observed in the specific heat measurement. The electronic specific heat coefficient is obtained 0.538 m J mol−1 K−2 for LaP single crystal, which responds to a small electron density state near the Fermi level. Our results would be helpful in renewing interest in studying emergent phenomena arisen from topological semimetals. LaP offers a platform for understanding the interactions between large magnetoresistance, high mobility and topological band structure.
Temporal variations, sources, and regional transport of carbonaceous species in PM2.5 in a northern China city: the role of domestic heating
Authors: Sun Yuewei , Xin Ke , Ai Jing , Huang Huiying , Zhang Lingyun , Qin Weihua , Yu Qing , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDomestic heating is an important source of carbonaceous aerosols in northern China in winter. The seasonal variations, sources, and regional transport of carbonaceous species in PM2.5 in Yuncheng in the winter and summer of 2020–2021 were investigated in this study, with a particular focus on the role of domestic heating. Meanwhile, the pollution characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing in winter were also investigated for comparison. The mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and their contributions to PM2.5 were significantly enhanced during the heating period compared to other sampling periods in Yuncheng, however, no obvious differences were observed before and during the heating periods in Beijing. Source apportionment results showed that the heating related emission (50.9%) was the dominant source of total carbon in Yuncheng in the heating period, while vehicular emission (49.6%) was dominant in summer. Combing the positive matrix factorization (PMF) and potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis, it was concluded that both local and regional heating activities contributed highly to carbonaceous aerosols in Yuncheng. It would be therefore of great environmental benefits to promote the clean residential heating transition in Yuncheng and other similar cities.
Graphical Abstract
Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with delayed second doses of antibiotics in sepsis at a large academic medical center
Authors: Cook Meghan E. , Schuler Brian R. , Schontz Michael J. , McLaughlin Kevin C. , Lupi Kenneth E. , DeGrado Jeremy R. , Rhee Chanu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical impact of delays in second doses of antibiotics in patients with sepsis.

Design:
Single-center, retrospective, observational study.

Setting:
Large teaching hospital.

Patients:
Adult patients who triggered an electronic sepsis alert in the emergency department (ED), received ≥2 doses of vancomycin or an antipseudomonal beta-lactam, and were discharged with an ICD-10 sepsis code.

Methods:
We assessed the prevalence of delays in second doses of antibiotics by ≥25% of the recommended dose interval and conducted multivariate regression analyses to assess for risk factors for delays and in-hospital mortality.

Results:
The cohort included 449 patients, of whom 123 (27.4%) had delays in second doses. In-hospital death occurred in 31 patients (25.2%) in the delayed group and 71 (21.8%) in the non-delayed group (p = 0.44). On multivariate analysis, only location in a non-ED unit at the time second doses were due was associated with delays (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.20–6.32). In the mortality model, significant risk factors included malignant tumor, respiratory infection, and elevated Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score but not delayed second antibiotic doses (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.69–2.05). In a subgroup analysis, delayed second doses were associated with higher mortality in patients admitted to non-intensive care units (ICUs) (OR 4.10, 95% CI 1.32–12.79).

Conclusions:
Over a quarter of patients with sepsis experienced delays in second doses of antibiotics. Delays in second antibiotic doses were not associated with higher mortality overall, but an association was observed among patients admitted to non-ICUs.
Natural Kinds: The Expendables
Authors: Papale François , Montminy David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTheoreticians that defend a form of realism regarding natural kinds minimally entertain the belief that the world features divisions into kinds and that the natural kind concept is a useful tool for philosophy of science. The objective of this paper is to challenge these assumptions. First, we challenge realism toward natural kinds by showing that the main arguments for their existence, which rely on the epistemic success of natural kinds, are unsatisfactory. Second, we show that, whether they exist or not, natural kinds are expendable when it comes to describing and analyzing scientific explanations accurately.
Factors Associated With Delayed Pre-Hospital Times During Trauma-Related Mass Casualty Incidents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alruqi Fayez , Aglago Elom K. , Cole Elaine , Brohi Karim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Critically injured patients have experienced delays in being transported to hospitals during Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs). Extended pre-hospital times (PHTs) are associated with increased mortality. It is not clear which factors affect overall PHT during an MCI. This systematic review aimed to investigate PHTs in trauma-related MCIs and identify factors associated with delays for triaged patients at incident scenes.

Methods:
This systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched between January and February 2022 for evidence. Research studies of any methodology, and grey literature in English, were eligible for inclusion. Studies were narratively synthesized according to Cochrane guidance.

Results:
Of the 2025 publications identified from the initial search, 12 papers met the inclusion criteria. 6 observational cohort studies and 6 case reports described a diverse range of MCIs. PHTs were reported variably across incidents, from a median of 35 minutes to 8 hours, 8 minutes. Factors associated with prolonged PHT included: challenging incident locations, concerns about scene safety, and adverse decision-making in MCI triage responses. Casualty numbers did not consistently influence PHTs. Study quality was rated moderate to high.

Conclusion:
PHT delays of more than 2 hours were common. Future MCI planning should consider responses within challenging environments and enhanced timely triage decision-making.
Managing plastic pollution in the Arctic ocean: An integrated quantitative flux estimate and policy study
Authors: Dewey Sarah , Mackie Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plastic pollution in the Arctic marine system is sparsely quantified, and few enforceable policies are in place to ameliorate the issue. With an inflow-outflow budget for the Arctic Ocean, we identify gateways through which plastic enters and exits the Arctic marine system. While estimating the flux of plastic through rivers, sea ice, and ocean, we also quantify marine plastic pollution from Arctic shipping and fishing. Plastic fluxes are calculated using horizontal volume fluxes of water and ice and combining them with plastic waste concentration data; flux from fishing and shipping is generated through combining waste estimates with estimated ship traffic. We estimate that fishing and shipping contribute 105 tonnes of plastic flux per annum, compared to 10−1 tonnes per annum from river inflow. The ocean has a far smaller net outflow, dwarfed by that of ice, at 10−8 to 10−7 and 10−5 to 10−3 tonnes per annum, respectively. We examine how a suite of proposed policy interventions would quantitatively change those concentrations, and how the current governance environment makes each feasible; we find interventions targeting vessel traffic most effective. These interventions include a prohibition on the use of certain plastics in fishing as well as a Polar Code permitting scheme.
Germination niche of a pioneer woody species (Manihot grahamii hook.): a strategy of seed heat stimulation to cope with disturbance in dry subtropical forests
Authors: Zeballos Sebastián R. , Venier Paula , Pereyra Mariana , Simian Denise , Funes Guillermo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLight and temperature conditions trigger germination in specific temporal windows and microhabitats, thus determining the germination niche of plant species. Manihot species grow in fire-prone ecosystems and their seeds show heat tolerance. Successful establishment in disturbed environments might be related to seed attributes that allow seeds to cope with or avoid stressful environments. We studied some characteristics of the germination niche of Manihot grahamii, a pioneer woody species present in dry subtropical forests of central Argentina, to understand its successful establishment in disturbed environments. We evaluated the germination ecology of the seeds of M. grahamii with the aims to (1) characterize seed traits (viability, mass and moisture content); (2) determine whether it has dormancy and if it is physical or physiological; (3) evaluate the effect of several pre-treatments (gibberellic acid, after ripening, dry prechilling and dry prechilling + warm) on seed dormancy; and (4) assess the effect of different environmental events of high temperatures on the germination process simulating two treatments: fire intensities (with three levels of heat shock) and a gap temperature. M. grahamii seeds have large mass (0.24 g), low moisture content (8%), physiological dormancy, negative photoblastic behaviour and high heat tolerance. Dormancy was alleviated and seeds became insensitive to light when they were exposed to pre-treatments of dry prechilling + warm and high-temperature treatments. This germination strategy promotes secure germination timing into the rainy season on undisturbed habitats as well as a cue for competition-released gaps which in turn favour recruitment in open, disturbed and dry habitats, respectively. In the context of global change, with an increasing habitat fragmentation and fire frequency, M. grahamii could become more abundant and extend its geographic distributional range in central Argentina.
The quality of death and dying of patients with advanced cancer in hospice care in Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Goombs Mary , Mah Kenneth , Namisango Eve , Luyirika Emmanuel , Mwangi-Powell Faith , Gikaara Nancy , Chalklin Lesley , Rydall Anne , Zimmermann Camilla , Hales Sarah , Wolofsky Kayla , Tilly Alyssa , Powell Richard A. , Rodin Gary 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesMinimal information is available about the quality of dying and death in Uganda and Kenya, which are African leaders in palliative care. We investigated the quality of dying and death in patients with advanced cancer who had received hospice care in Uganda or Kenya.MethodsObservational study with bereaved caregivers of decedents (Uganda: n = 202; Kenya: n = 127) with advanced cancer who had received care from participating hospices in Uganda or Kenya. Participants completed the Quality of Dying and Death questionnaire and a measure of family satisfaction with cancer care (FAMCARE).ResultsQuality of Dying and Death Preparation and Connectedness subscales were most frequently rated as good to almost perfect for patients in both countries (45.5% to 81.9%), while Symptom Control and Transcendence subscales were most frequently rated as intermediate (42.6% to 60.4%). However, 35.4% to 67.7% of caregivers rated overall quality of dying and overall quality of death as terrible to poor. Ugandan caregivers reported lower Preparation, Connectedness, and Transcendence (p < .001). Controlling for covariates, overall quality of dying was associated with better Symptom Control in both countries (p < .001) and Transcendence in Uganda (p = .010); overall quality of death, with greater Transcendence in Uganda (p = .004); and family satisfaction with care, with better Preparation in Uganda (p = .004).Significance of resultsFindings indicate strengths in spiritual and social domains of the quality of dying and death in patients who received hospice care in Uganda and Kenya, but better symptom control is needed to improve this outcome in these countries.
Seeing the Light in Self-Reported Glare
Authors: Johnston Elisha , Reise Steven P. , Spritzer Karen L. , Hays Ron D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract: We conducted a secondary analysis to evaluate two glare items versus a composite score from the two items in a sample of 544 patients (38% women; Mdn = 29 years old; 13% high school education or less) before and after eye surgery. The first question was from a National Eye Institute (NEI) survey and the second question included a definition and picture of glare. At baseline, 28% of participants reported glare on the NEI item versus 39% on the question with the definition and picture. There was 76% agreement between the two questions ( K = .46). Three months after baseline, there was no change in the percentage of participants who reported glare on the NEI question (27%), but a significant decrease in participants reporting glare on the question with the definition and picture (38% at baseline to 25% 3 months later). A 2-item glare scale was more reliable and highly correlated with multi-item measures of halos and starbursts than the individual items. Change in the scale was more strongly associated than the items with the change in satisfaction with vision and with satisfaction with surgery. The scale may provide a better indicator of glare than either item alone.
An Investigation on the Ionospheric Response to the Volcanic Explosion at Hunga Ha'apai in 2021
Authors: Qiu Shican , Zhang Zhanming , Soon Willie , Velasco Herrera Victor Manuel , Dou Xiankang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Hunga Ha'apai volcano eruption (20.536°S, 175.382°W in Tonga), which started intermittently around December 2021 and most violently erupted on 15 January 2022, is considered to be the largest volcanic outbreak in recent decades. In this research, we derived the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Sanya (18.400°N, 109.600°E), Wuhan (30.530°N, 114.610°E), and Mohe (53.500°N, 122.370°E), from the Global Navigation Satellite System observations. Then we investigated the coupling between the volcano eruption and ionosphere through the TEC variations. The TEC anomaly decayed from about 10 days before main eruption of the Hunga Ha'apai volcano, and showed obvious fluctuations during the eruption phase. The TEC anomaly propagated periodically, with its autocorrelation‐analyzed period of about 16.5 hr during the intermittent outbreak and about 8 hr during the main outbreak phase. Its independently derived wavelet‐analyzed periods are about 9.4 hr during the intermittent outbreak and about 9.4 and 18.8 hr during the main outbreak phase. The propagation is mainly expressed in low frequencies, with energy concentrated in the range of 0–10−3 Hz. This study highlights that the preeruption activities may play an important role in the coupling between the volcanic eruption and ionosphere disturbances.