bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On criteria for extremality of Teichmüller mappings
Authors: Yao Guowu 
Published: May 2004

Let

f
f

be a Teichmüller self-mapping of the unit disk

Δ
\Delta

corresponding to a holomorphic quadratic differential

φ
\varphi

. If

φ
\varphi

satisfies the growth condition

A
(
r
,
φ
)
=

∬

|

z

|

>
r

|

φ

|

d
x
d
y
=
O
(
(
1
−
r

)

−
s

)

A(r,\varphi )=\iint _{|z|>r}|\varphi |dxdy=O((1-r)^{-s})

(as

r
→
1

r\to 1

), for any given

s
>
0

s>0

, then

f
f

is extremal, and for any given

a
∈
(
0
,
1
)

a\in (0,1)

, there exists a subsequence

{

n
k

}

\{n_k\}

of

N

\mathbb {N}

such that

{

φ
(

a

1

/

2

n
k

z
)

∬
Δ

|

φ
(

a

1

/

2

n
k

z
)

|

d
x
d
y

}

\begin{equation*} \Big \{\frac {\varphi (a^{1/2^{n_k}}z)} {\iint _\Delta |\varphi (a^{1/2^{n_k}}z)|dxdy}\Big \} \end{equation*}

is a Hamilton sequence. In addition, it is shown that there exists

φ
\varphi

with bounded Bers norm such that the corresponding Teichmüller mapping is not extremal, which gives a negative answer to a conjecture by Huang in 1995.
Quantum groups, the loop Grassmannian, and the Springer resolution
Authors: Arkhipov Sergey , Bezrukavnikov Roman , Ginzburg Victor 
Published: May 2004

We establish equivalences of the following three triangulated categories:
\[

D
quantum

(

g

)

⟷

D
coherent
G

(

N

~

)

⟷

D
perverse

(

G
r

)
.

D_\text {quantum}(\mathfrak {g})\enspace \longleftrightarrow \enspace D^G_\text {coherent}(\widetilde {{\mathcal N}})\enspace \longleftrightarrow \enspace D_\text {perverse}(\mathsf {Gr}).

\]
Here,

D
quantum

(

g

)

D_\text {quantum}(\mathfrak {g})

is the derived category of the principal block of finite-dimensional representations of the quantized enveloping algebra (at an odd root of unity) of a complex semisimple Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak {g}

; the category

D
coherent
G

(

N

~

)

D^G_\text {coherent}(\widetilde {{\mathcal N}})

is defined in terms of coherent sheaves on the cotangent bundle on the (finite-dimensional) flag manifold for

G
G

(

=
=

semisimple group with Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak {g}

), and the category

D
perverse

(

G
r

)

D_\text {perverse}({\mathsf {Gr}})

is the derived category of perverse sheaves on the Grassmannian

G
r

{\mathsf {Gr}}

associated with the loop group

L

G
∨

LG^\vee

, where

G
∨

G^\vee

is the Langlands dual group, smooth along the Schubert stratification. The equivalence between

D
quantum

(

g

)

D_\text {quantum}(\mathfrak {g})

and

D
coherent
G

(

N

~

)

D^G_\text {coherent}(\widetilde {{\mathcal N}})

is an “enhancement” of the known expression (due to Ginzburg and Kumar) for quantum group cohomology in terms of nilpotent variety. The equivalence between

D
perverse

(

G
r

)

D_\text {perverse}(\mathsf {Gr})

and

D
coherent
G

(

N

~

)

D^G_\text {coherent}(\widetilde {{\mathcal N}})

can be viewed as a “categorification” of the isomorphism between two completely different geometric realizations of the (fundamental polynomial representation of the) affine Hecke algebra that has played a key role in the proof of the Deligne-Langlands-Lusztig conjecture. One realization is in terms of locally constant functions on the flag manifold of a

p
p

-adic reductive group, while the other is in terms of equivariant

K
K

-theory of a complex (Steinberg) variety for the dual group. The composite of the two equivalences above yields an equivalence between abelian categories of quantum group representations and perverse sheaves. A similar equivalence at an even root of unity can be deduced, following the Lusztig program, from earlier deep results of Kazhdan-Lusztig and Kashiwara-Tanisaki. Our approach is independent of these results and is totally different (it does not rely on the representation theory of Kac-Moody algebras). It also gives way to proving Humphreys’ conjectures on tilting

U
q

(

g

)

U_q(\mathfrak {g})

-modules, as will be explained in a separate paper.
Independence of ℓ of monodromy groups
Authors: Chin CheeWhye 
Published: May 2004

Let

X
X

be a smooth curve over a finite field of characteristic

p
p

, let

E
E

be a number field, and let

L

=
{

L

λ

}

\mathbf {L} = \{\mathcal {L}_\lambda \}

be an

E
E

-compatible system of lisse sheaves on the curve

X
X

. For each place

λ
\lambda

of

E
E

not lying over

p
p

, the

λ
\lambda

-component of the system

L

\mathbf {L}

is a lisse

E
λ

E_\lambda

-sheaf

L

λ

\mathcal {L}_\lambda

on

X
X

, whose associated arithmetic monodromy group is an algebraic group over the local field

E
λ

E_\lambda

. We use Serre’s theory of Frobenius tori and Lafforgue’s proof of Deligne’s conjecture to show that when the

E
E

-compatible system

L

\mathbf {L}

is semisimple and pure of some integer weight, the isomorphism type of the identity component of these monodromy groups is “independent of

λ
\lambda

”. More precisely, after replacing

E
E

by a finite extension, there exists a connected split reductive algebraic group

G
0

G_0

over the number field

E
E

such that for every place

λ
\lambda

of

E
E

not lying over

p
p

, the identity component of the arithmetic monodromy group of

L

λ

\mathcal {L}_\lambda

is isomorphic to the group

G
0

G_0

with coefficients extended to the local field

E
λ

E_\lambda

.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Spatial Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Flowers[W]
Authors: Wellmer Frank , Riechmann Joseé Luis , Alves-Ferreira Maércio , Meyerowitz Elliot M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe have compared the gene expression profiles of inflorescences of the floral homeotic mutants apetala1, apetala2, apetala3, pistillata, and agamous with that of wild-type plants using a flower-specific cDNA microarray and a whole genome oligonucleotide array. By combining the data sets from the individual mutant/wild type comparisons, we were able to identify a large number of genes that are, within flowers, predicted to be specifically or at least predominantly expressed in one type of floral organ. We have analyzed the expression patterns of several of these genes by in situ hybridization and found that they match the predictions that were made based on the microarray experiments. Moreover, genes with known floral organ–specific expression patterns were correctly assigned by our analysis. The vast majority of the identified transcripts are found in stamens or carpels, whereas few genes are predicted to be expressed specifically or predominantly in sepals or petals. These findings indicate that spatially limited expression of a large number of genes is part of flower development and that its extent differs significantly between the reproductive organs and the organs of the perianth.
Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels in preeclampsia: relation to maternal serum leptin levels
Authors: Celik Onder , Hascalik Seyma , Ozerol Elif , Hascalik Mehmet , Yologlu Saim 
Published: May 2004

Background.  To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and circulating levels of leptin differ between women with preeclampsia and women who had an uncomplicated pregnancy.Methods.  Maternal serum and CSF leptin concentrations obtained in the third trimester of the gestation were compared in 16 women with mild preeclampsia and 23 normotensive pregnant women who underwent cesarean section. Before administering local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia, 2 mL CSF and 4 mL venous blood sample were taken and were stored at −30 °C until serum and CSF leptin levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results.  Mean CSF leptin concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups (preeclampsia 9.7 ± 4.2 ng/mL, normotensive 13.6 ± 4.3 ng/mL, p = 0.952). Similarly, mean serum leptin concentrations were similar between the two groups (mild preeclampsia 21.7 ± 7.1 ng/mL, normotensive 18.3 ± 6.7 ng/mL, p = 0.698). CSF leptin levels are inversely related to the serum leptin concentrations in preeclamptic patients (r = −0.87, p = 0.000). An inverse relationship was also detected between CSF and serum leptin levels in normotensive pregnant subjects (r = −0.66, p = 0.000).Conclusions.  CSF and serum leptin levels were similar in patients with preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women. However, the CSF leptin was negatively correlated with the serum leptin concentrations in preeclamptic and normotensive control subjects, suggesting that leptin enters the brain by a saturable transport system. Further work is needed to confirm our findings.
A population‐based risk factor scoring will decrease unnecessary testing for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Caliskan Eray , Kayikcioglu Fulya , Öztürk Nilgun , Koc Sevgi , Haberal Ali 
Published: May 2004

Background.  To determine the effectiveness of a population‐based risk factor scoring to decrease unnecessary testing for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods.  We formed a risk factor scoring over five, which questions maternal age, body mass index and first‐degree relatives with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, a prior macrosomic fetus and adverse outcome during the previous pregnancies. All participants underwent a 50‐g glucose challenge test (GCT) followed by a 100‐g oral glucose tolerence test (OGTT). We opened the 50‐g GCT envelope if the participant had a risk score ≥ 1 and opened the 100‐g OGTT envelope if the 50‐g GCT value was ≥ 7.2 mmol/l. After all patients delivered we also built other strategies and tested their detection rates.Results.  Fourteen patients (3.3%) were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus via a 100‐g OGTT. None of the patients with a score of zero had gestational diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in the score by one caused a three times increase in gestational diabetes mellitus risk (OR = 3, CI = 1.9–5). Compared with the universal screening, our strategy to screen if the risk score was ≥ 1, followed by a 50‐g GCT with a 7.2‐mmol/l cut‐off value, decreased the number of women to be screened by 30% and diagnosed all cases with GDM. Screening the patients with a score ≥ 2 would have decreased the number of women to be screened by 63%, still diagnosing 85% of cases with GDM. Also, risk factor‐based screening strategies cause a 50% and 53% reduction in the number of OGTT applied, respectively.Conclusion.  A well integrated, population‐based scoring will decrease the number of unnecessary testing but still diagnose 85–100% of GDM cases.
Fatty acid synthase expression and clinicopathological findings in endometrial cancer
Authors: Tsuji Takahiro , Yoshinaga Mitsuhiro , Togami Shinichi , Douchi Tsutomu , Nagata Yukihiro 
Published: May 2004

Background.  Over‐expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the enzyme involved in the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrates to fatty acid, has been reported in many human malignancies. This study investigated whether clinicopathological findings [histological grade, myometrial invasion, vessel permeation, lymphatic permeation, nodal metastasis, and Federation of International Gynecologic Obstetrics (FIGO) stage] and body fat distribution differ with the level of FAS expression in endometrial cancer.Methods.  Subjects were 73 postmenopausal women (mean age, 62.2 ± 7.4 years; range, 49–75 years) with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Baseline characteristics included age, height, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and years since menopause (YSM). Percentage of body fat and the trunk‐leg fat mass ratio were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. FAS expression was determined using immunohistochemical methods in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded cancer specimens. FAS expression was defined as none, low, and high.Results.  Sixty‐six (90.4%) cases showed positive FAS status. Sixty‐nine percent of cases showed myometrial invasion ≥1/2, 50% of cases showed myometrial invasion <1/2, and 23% of cases without myometrial invasion demonstrated a positive FAS status. Lymphatic permeation, vessel permeation, nodal metastasis, and advancing FigO stage were associated with FAS status. The trunk‐leg fat ratio and BMI in high and low FAS status groups were significantly greater than that in those not expressing FAS (p < 0.05). However, age, height, weight, YSM, and percentage of body fat did not differ with FAS status.Conclusion.  FAS expression in endometrial cancer is associated with cancer progression and upper body fat distribution.
Nordic gynecologists’ opinion on quality assessment registers
Authors: Dueholm Margit , Rokkones Erik , Löfgren Mats , Härkki Päivi , Arason Guðmundur 
Published: May 2004

Background.  The Board of the Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology established a Quality Group for Gynecological Surgery connected with benign diseases with one member from each of the Nordic countries. The aim was to suggest guidelines for the quality assessment of such surgery.Methods.  A questionnaire study was carried out in all Nordic gynecological departments concerning quality assessment and the elaboration of guidelines.Results.  Most of the departments (80.4%) want to participate in establishing and maintaining a quality register. The majority of responders strongly agree that registers detect areas of satisfactory as well as unsatisfactory quality, and are necessary for comparison of treatment results among departments. Several departments are hesitant about joining a register if it will incur financial costs (59.5%) and/or extra work (47.6%). Most departments (71.4–94.6%) consider that all major gynecological surgery should be monitored. The departments agree that pre‐, per‐, and post hospital patient events should be included in any register. These results are incorporated into common general guidelines for quality assessment of gynecological surgery in the Nordic countries.Conclusion.  The gynecological departments in the Nordic countries agree on the necessity for and the main content of registers for quality assessment, but the interest drops when extra work is needed, and if the departments have to pay to participate, which emphasize the need for simple and low‐cost registers. In accordance with the results of the Nordic questionnaire, common general quality guidelines for gynecological surgery are suggested.
Maternal and neonatal outcome of 93 consecutive triplet pregnancies with 71% vaginal delivery
Authors: Alran Séverine , Sibony Olivier , Luton Dominique , Touitou Séverine , Fourchotte Virginie , Féraud Olivia , Oury Jean‐FranÇois , Blot Philippe 
Published: May 2004

Background.  The aim of this study was to investigate neonatal and maternal data in a large series of triplet pregnancies as a function of the decision regarding the route of delivery.Methods.  A retrospective series of 93 triplet pregnancies managed and delivered between 1989 and 2001 in a single perinatal department was analyzed. Seventy‐eight women with triplet gestations who underwent a trial of labor were compared with 15 women with triplet gestations who delivered their infants by elective cesarean delivery. Neonatal outcomes assessed included respiratory distress syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage and Apgar scores. Maternal outcomes assessed included preeclampsia, blood transfusion, endometritis and urinary tract infection.Results.  Sixty‐six of 78 women (84%) who underwent a trial of labor had a successful vaginal delivery of all three neonates. The other 12 delivered their infants by cesarean delivery. Perinatal mortality referred to 104 triplet pregnancies was 48/1000.Conclusions.  Our experience suggests that offering vaginal delivery is an acceptable management plan for triplet gestation in a center with a sufficient number of triplet deliveries.
Power Doppler vascularity index for predicting the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chi‐An , Cheng Wen‐Fang , Lee Chien‐Nan , Su Yi‐Ning , Hsieh Chang‐Yao , Hsieh Fon‐Jou 
Published: May 2004

Background.  To evaluate whether the power Doppler vascularity index (PDVI) can predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in cervical carcinoma.Methods.  Twenty‐five women with bulky early stage cervical carcinoma treated by NACT followed by surgery were enrolled. Their response to NACT was evaluated. Clinical characteristics and pathologic data were recorded. Transvaginal power Doppler was performed before, during and after NACT. PDVI was detected using power Doppler and a quantitative image processing system. Factors that can potentially correlate with the response to NACT were analyzed.Results.  Twelve (48%) patients showed a response (responders) to NACT and 13 (52%) were unchanged or had progressive disease (nonresponders) after NACT. Higher PDVI values were noted in tumors with lymphovascular emboli and pelvic lymph node metastasis both before and after NACT. The mean values of the PDVI of the nonresponders before (19.27 ± 6.01 vs. 12.28 ± 7.06, p = 0.014), during (20.2 ± 1.5 vs. 12.9 ± 2.1, p = 0.009) and after NACT (18.1 ± 6.0 vs. 9.3 ± 5.4, p = 0.001) were significantly higher than those of the responders. When the cutoff point for predicting nonresponders to NACT was set at a PDVI value of 15%, the sensitivity was 92.3% and the specificity 66.7%.Conclusions.  The power Doppler vascularity index can predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer, and might be useful for the evaluation of response to chemotherapy in cancer patients in the future.
Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tarim Ebru , Bagis Tayfun , Kilicdag Esra , Erkanli Serkan , Aslan Erdogan , Sezgin Nurzen , Kuscu Esra 
Published: May 2004

Objective.  This prospective study investigated the occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia in a population of patients with gestational diabetes. The aim was to determine whether elevated plasma homocysteine is associated with gestational diabetes in Turkish women.Study design.  This prospective controlled study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Baskent University Faculty of Medicine between April 2002 and June 2003, and involved 304 Turkish women with uncomplicated pregnancies who were at 24–28 weeks gestation. The women in the study were assigned to one of three groups according to the results of the 50‐g glucose screening and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): group 1 comprised women who had normal glucose levels (≤ 135 mg/dL) after the 50‐g challenge; group 2 comprised women with abnormal screening test results (> 135 mg/dL) but normal OGTT results; and group 3 comprised patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the OGTT. Levels of fasting glucose, homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels were measured in the three groups. Levels of insulin sensitivity were calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) formula.Results.  The mean level of homocysteine in group 1 was significantly lower than the levels in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001) The mean triglyceride and VLDL levels in group 3 were significantly higher than the corresponding levels in group 1 (p < 0.05 for both). There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to levels of total cholesterol, vitamin B12, folic acid, creatinine, fasting glucose or insulin. The mean HOMA value in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (p < 0.05). Only the blood glucose level after the 50‐g glucose screening [p = 0.000, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.009–0.027] had a significant correlation with homocysteine levels.Conclusion.  In this prospective study of Turkish women, we found that patients with gestational diabetes and women with abnormal screening test results (> 135 mg/dL) but normal OGTT results have higher homocysteine levels than normal pregnant women. This increased level seems to be related to an abnormal 50‐g test but not to insulin resistance. Further investigations are needed to follow up for these patients in the postpartum period and later in their life.
Multiple birth and cerebral palsy in Europe: a multicenter study
Authors: Topp Monica , Huusom Lene Drasbek , Langhoff‐Roos Jens , Delhumeau Cecile , Hutton Jane L. , Dolk Helen 
Published: May 2004

Background. A European multicenter study (Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe, SCPE) was used to describe changes over time in multiple birth rates and cerebral palsy (CP) rates among multiple born infants, to compare CP rates and clinical types between multiples and singletons, and to analyse the influence of birth order in twins.Methods. Data were collected from 12 European population‐based CP registers on 6613 children born in 1975–90, as well as demographic data.Results. The rate of multiple birth in the populations increased from 1.9% in 1980 to 2.4% in 1990, and the proportion of multiples among CP infants increased from 4.6% in 1976 to 10% in 1990. Multiples have a four times higher rate of CP than singletons [7.6 vs. 1.8 per 1000 live births, relative risk (RR) 4.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.76–4.97] overall. The risk is marginally higher in multiples with birthweight > 2500 g (RR 1.60; 95% CI 0.95–2.28) and born at term (RR 1.65; 95% CI 0.91–2.40), and there is no difference in the risk for the low‐birthweight and preterm groups. Correcting for differences in gestational age and birthweight, the clinical type of CP was the same in multiples and singletons. Twin CP infants are more often second than first born (56% vs. 44%,p < 0.05).Conclusions. Multiple born infants have a four times higher risk of developing cerebral palsy than singletons, mainly related to the higher risk of preterm birth in multiples. As the rate of multiples doubled through the 1980s, cerebral palsy cases in multiples increased in the same period.
A longitudinal study on different models of postabortion care in Tanzania
Authors: Rasch Vibeke , Massawe Siriel , Mchomvu Yasinta , Mkamba Mashombo , Bergström Staffan 
Published: May 2004

Objective.  To identify women having unsafe abortions and elucidate whether an acceptable follow‐up rate among these women can be retrieved.Study population.  One thousand three hundred and fifty‐seven women attended Temeke Municipal Hospital, Dar es Salaam with an abortion‐related diagnosis.Methods.  Women having unsafe abortions were identified by an empathetic dialogue, offered a contraceptive service and asked to return for follow‐up. Three different ways of achieving follow‐up information were tested. In phase 1, a combination of hospital‐based and home‐based interviews was utilized, in phase 2, an additional 1‐month control visit was added to the protocol, and in phase 3, the contraceptive counseling and service was provided by technically well‐skilled counselors.Results.  Seven hundred and eighty‐eight women were identified as having had unsafe abortions and 491 women as spontaneous abortions. Women having unsafe abortions were younger, more often single and of higher parity than women having spontaneous abortions. The follow‐up rate achieved varied from 47%−72%, being lowest in phase 1 and highest in phase 3. The two most common reasons for loss to follow‐up were the interviewer's inability to locate the respondent's house either because of an unspecific or a remote address (58%) and migration (29%).Conclusion.  If hospital‐based and confidential home‐based interviews are used combined and if the women having unsafe abortions are counseled by technically well‐skilled counselors, it is possible to achieve a reasonable follow‐up rate among women having unsafe abortions.