bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverging impacts of climate change on the global potential diversity of food crops
Authors: Heikonen Sara , Heino Matias , Jalava Mika , Siebert Stefan , Viviroli Daniel , Kummu Matti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Climate change alters the climatic suitability of important food production areas, likely shifting the spatial distribution and diversity of future production. In existing research, there is limited knowledge on the future climatic suitability of croplands for food crop types beyond the staple four: rice, maize, wheat, and soybean. Further, focusing on a limited number of crop types has hindered analysing how the diversity of food crop production might change in the future. This study extends existing knowledge by projecting geographical shifts in the climatic niches of 27 major food crops and assessing how these shifts affect current crop production and the potential diversity of food crops on the current global croplands. We define the climatic niche for each crop according to the historical climatic extent of their current cultivation areas and perform future analyses at 1.5–5°C global warming. We find that in regions located in low latitudes, 10% – 32% of current production would shift outside the crop specific climatic niches, and potential crop diversity would decline on half of the current cropland area already at 2°C global warming. In contrast, we find increasing potential crop diversity in mid-to-high latitudes, providing opportunities for climate change adaptation. These results highlight large regional differences in the adaptation potential and vulnerability of the global food system at varying levels of global warming.
A Molecular Video-derived Foundation Model Streamlines Scientific Drug Discovery
Authors: Cheng Feixiong , Xiang Hongxin , Zeng Li , Hou Linlin , Li Kenli , Fu Zhimin , Qiu Yunguang , Nussinov Ruth , Hu Jianying , Zeng Xiang-Xiang , Rosen-Zvi Michal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Precise capture of three-dimensional (3D) dynamic conformation during molecular representation learning is crucial for accurate prediction of drug targets and molecular properties. In this study, we propose a molecular video-based foundation model, named VideoMol, pretrained on 120 million frames of 2 million unlabeled drug-like and bioactive molecules with 3D conformations. VideoMol renders the molecular 3D conformation as a 60-frame dynamic video and designs three self-supervised learning strategies on molecular videos to capture diverse conformational changes. We demonstrate high performance of VideoMol in predicting molecular targets and properties across 44 benchmark drug discovery datasets. VideoMol achieves high accuracy in identifying antiviral molecules against SARS-CoV-2 across 11 high-throughput experimental datasets from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and other diverse disease-specific drug targets. We further present high interpretability of VideoMol through observed key chemical substructures related to dynamic 3D conformational changes compared to traditional state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. In summary, VideoMol offers a powerful tool to expedite drug discovery and development.
In-Human Assessment of Radio Frequency Induced Heating for Implants during MRI
Authors: Jiang Changqing , Zhang Feng , Li Yichao , Niu Xiaoyue , Xu Boya , Long Tiangang , Gu Yiyuan , Zhang Zhaoyuan , Yuan Qunran , Li Peishan , Zhang Boyang , Yao Qingyu , Li Luming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Radio frequency induced heating of medical implants during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses a serious threat to patient safety, and in vivo assessment of heating permits individualized on-site safety assessment. Based on the proton resonance frequency (PRF) thermometry, we developed a method for the in vivo evaluation of implant heating. It combined PRF signals around the implants with bioheat transfer law to reduce the interference of metal artifacts and to estimate the RF heating at implant surface. To apply this idea, we proposed a PRF-based test module consisting of processes of thermometry-heating-thermometry and verified its feasibility in phantom. Then, we validated this module for electrodes in the pig brain and investigated the effect of its parameters, as a result, the heating assessment could be achieved in approximately 2 min with a mean difference to probe measurement of 0.6 °C. Finally, we demonstrated the clinical translation in a patient with a conventional deep brain stimulation device and derived the individualized safe RF condition under 3.0T MRI. This study presents a practical solution for the in-human safety assessment of implants during MRI, which can be beneficial for both clinical and research purposes.
The First Case of Multiple Myeloma Treated With ASCT followed by Anti-BCMA CART Cells using Retroviral Vector
Authors: zhi guo , Liqiong Liu , wenxiang zhu , ning liu , shiting gong , qihong ma , huanhuan zhou , nan zhong , wei dai , lijun zhao , rui sun , jianxun wang , yuanyuan shi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
B- cell maturation antigen (BCMA) -targeted chimeric antigen receptor-T (CART) cell therapy has shown great promise in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). In this case, we reported a case of a 41-year-old male patient with MM who finally developed multi-line drug resistance, refractoriness and bone marrow suppression after multiple lines of high-intensity chemotherapy. After physician evaluation, this patient was recommended to receive autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) support followed by immunotherapy with autologous anti-BCMA CART cells. The CART product was a novel anti-BCMA CART based on retroviral vectors (RV). The patient achieved VGPR 1 month after anti-BCMA CART infusion and the remission has been ongoing for 3 months to date. Grade 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed while no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was found. This was the first clinical MM case report of anti-BCMA CART cells using retroviral vector, which demonstrated that the RV-based anti-BCMA CAR-T cells had good therapeutic effect and high safety in triple-refractory MM patients.
Microbiome and mitogenomics of the chigger mite Pentidionis agamae: Potential role as an Orientia vector and associations with divergent clades of Wolbachia and Borrelia
Authors: Alkathiry Hadil A. , Alghamdi Samia Q. , Sinha Amit , Margos Gabriele , Stekolnikov Alexandr A. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , Darby Alistair C. , Makepeace Benjamin L. , Khoo Jing Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Trombiculid mites are globally distributed, highly diverse arachnids that largely lack molecular resources such as whole mitogenomes for the elucidation of taxonomic relationships. Trombiculid larvae (chiggers) parasitise vertebrates and can transmit bacteria (Orientia spp.) responsible for scrub typhus, a zoonotic febrile illness. Orientia tsutsugamushi causes most cases of scrub typhus and is endemic to the Asia-Pacific Region, where it is transmitted by Leptotrombidium spp. chiggers. However, in Dubai, Candidatus Orientia chuto was isolated from a case of scrub typhus and is also known to circulate among rodents in Saudi Arabia and Kenya, although its vectors remain poorly defined. In addition to Orientia, chiggers are often infected with other potential pathogens or arthropod-specific endosymbionts, but their significance for trombiculid biology and public health is unclear.
Results
Pooled chiggers of 10 species were collected from rodents in southwestern Saudi Arabia and screened for Orientia DNA by PCR. Two species (Microtrombicula muhaylensis and Pentidionis agamae) produced positive results for the htrA gene, although Ca. Orientia chuto DNA was confirmed by Sanger sequencing only in P. agamae. Metagenomic sequencing of three pools of P. agamae provided evidence for two other bacterial associates: a spirochaete and a Wolbachia symbiont. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and multi-locus sequence typing genes placed the spirochaete in a clade of micromammal-associated Borrelia spp. that are widely-distributed globally with no known vector. For the Wolbachia symbiont, a genome assembly was obtained that allowed phylogenetic localisation in a novel, divergent clade. Cytochrome c oxidase I (coi) gene barcodes for Saudi Arabian chiggers enabled comparisons with global chigger diversity, revealing several cases of discordance with classical taxonomy. Complete mitogenome assemblies were obtained for the three P. agamae pools and almost 50 SNPs were identified, despite a common geographic origin.
Conclusions
P. agamae was identified as a potential vector of Ca. Orientia chuto on the Arabian Peninsula. The detection of an unusual Borrelia sp. and a divergent Wolbachia symbiont in P. agamae indicated links with chigger microbiomes in other parts of the world, while coi barcoding and mitogenomic analyses greatly extended our understanding of inter- and intraspecific relationships in trombiculid mites.
Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine: Molnupiravir and Lianhua Qingwen in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)
Authors: Tang Min , Li Na , Dao Jinhua , Wang Jianqiong , Tao Rui , Xu Ning 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Molnupiravir and Lianhua Qingwen in treating patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19).
Methods: We conducted a study involving 14 cases of COVID-19 infection within a unit group in Laos. During the treatment regimen, these patients received the antiviral drugs Molnupiravir and Lianhua Qingwen as prescribed. We utilized laboratory results of viral nucleic acid tests as observational parameters and statistically analyzed the data using SPSS 26.0 software (t-test). Our data analysis aimed to determine if there were significant differences in the Ct values of the N gene and ORF1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2 before and after treatment.
Results: The results indicated statistically significant differences in the N gene (t = -7.014, P < 0.001) and ORF1ab gene (t = -7.398, P < 0.001). Post-treatment, the values of the N gene and ORF1ab gene were significantly higher than their pre-treatment values, signifying that the combined utilization of Molnupiravir and Lianhua Qingwen had a substantial impact on the treatment of COVID-19.
Conclusion:Molnupiravir and Lianhua Qingwen effectively inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2, resulting in a marked improvement in the clinical symptoms of the patients. Laboratory test results also indicated a significant reduction in viral load. These findings provide substantial evidence supporting the efficacy of the combination of Molnupiravir and Lianhua Qingwen in the treatment of COVID-19.
Early coagulation changes and survival outcomes, a multi-perspective retrospective analysis post severe burn
Authors: Huang Shengyu , Ma Qimin , Liao Xincheng , Yin Xi , Shen Tuo , Liu Xiaobin , Tang Wenbin , Wang Yusong , Wang Lei , Xin Haiming , Li Xiaoliang , Chang Liu , Chen Zhaohong , Liu Rui , Wu Choulang , Wang Deyun , Guo Guanghua , Zhu Feng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Coagulation alterations manifest early after severe burns and are closely linked to mortality outcomes. Nevertheless, the precise characterization of coagulation changes associated with early mortality remains elusive. We examined alterations in indicators linked to mortality outcomes at both the transcriptome and clinical characteristic levels. At the transcriptional level, we pinpointed 28 differentially expressed coagulation-related genes (DECRGs) following burn injuries and endeavored to validate their causal relationships through Mendelian randomization. DECRGs tied to survival exhibit a significant association with neutrophil function, wherein the expression of CYP4F2 and P2RX1 serves as robust predictors of fatal outcomes. In terms of clinical indicators, early levels of D-dimer and alterations in serum calcium show a strong correlation with mortality outcomes. Coagulation depletion and fibrinolytic activation, stemming from the hyperactivation of coagulation pathways post-severe burns, are strongly linked to patient mortality. Monitoring these early coagulation markers with predictive value can effectively identify individuals necessitating priority critical care.
Intra and interspecies variation and population dynamics of Fasciola gigantica among ruminants in Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Kamal , Chatanga Elisha , Mohamed Nouh S. , Ahmed Ayman , Alasmari Saeed , Almathen Faisal , Nakao Ryo , Salim Bashir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Fasciola gigantica is a widespread parasite that causes neglected diseases in livestock worldwide. Its high transmissibility and dispersion are attributed to its ability to infect intermediate snail hosts and adapt to various mammalian definitive hosts. This study investigated the variation and population dynamics of F. gigantica in cattle, sheep, and goats from three states in Sudan. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes were sequenced successfully to examine intra and inter-specific differences. ND1 exhibited higher diversity than COI, with 15 haplotypes and 10 haplotypes, respectively. Both genes had high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity, with 21 and 11 polymorphic sites for ND1 and COI, respectively. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests revealed that F. gigantica from different host species was in a state of population expansion. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees and median networks revealed that F. gigantica in Sudan and other African countries had host-specific and country-specific lineages for both genes. The study also indicated that F. gigantica-infected small ruminants were evolutionarily distant, suggesting deep and historical interspecies adaptation.
Genome-wide Mendelian Randomization analysis reveals specific inflammatory traits as causal risk factors for oral cancer
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Peng Xulin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Previous research has suggested a potential connection between persistent inflammation and the risk of developing oral cancer. However, the causal relationships between inflammatory traits and oral cancer are not yet fully understood.
Methods
To delve deeper into this inquiry, we implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, utilizing genetic data from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this analysis, we explored several inflammatory traits as potential exposures, while considering oral cancer as the outcome. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytical approach, alongside tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
Results
The IVW method identified two immune-mediated inflammatory diseases that showed associations with an increased risk of oral cancer. In particular, inflammatory bowel disease was found to be correlated with a higher risk of oral cancer (p < 0.001), as well as its subtypes such as Crohn's disease (p = 0.026). Additionally, elevated levels of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) were found to be potentially associated with an increased risk of oral cancer (p = 0.048), while higher levels of IL-18 showed a protective effect on oral cancer (p = 0.011).
Conclusion
The results of this study offer compelling evidence supporting a causal link between distinct inflammatory traits and the susceptibility to oral cancer. These findings hold significant implications for the clinical management of oral cancer, spanning various aspects such as prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
A vibration-resistant detection method of position and gap for seam tracking of Z-weave GMAW
Authors: Gao Jiapeng , Hong Bo , Jia Aiting , Zheng Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the failure problem of automatic weave weld tracking of V-butt welds with gaps due to arc light, molten metal splash, seam gap variations, and inertial vibration of the weave motion in the manufacture of weave gas metal arc welding for pipelines vessels and ships, a vibration-resistant detection method of position and gap based on laser vision sensing was proposed. In this method, an improved random sampling consistency algorithm and an adaptive grayscale centroid algorithm are proposed to overcome the interference of arc light and molten metal splash to achieve the simultaneous image detection of weld position and gap, as well as a moving polynomial fitting algorithm was proposed to overcome the interference of vibration at the direction of weave motion and to further correct the weld position. Finally, the experimental results of Z-weave welding seam tracking of S-curve welds show that the proposed method is effective and can significantly reduce the weld tracking error, which meets the requirements of practical welding. This study provides a novel solution for eliminating the vibration interference of system device in practical weave welding manufacture.
Improving Energy Efficiency Using IoT Technology through the Development of a Smart Network Clustering Path Determined by the Distance between Nodes
Authors: Radwan Abujassar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The main challenge for IoT-enabled networks lies in the transmission of large volumes of data produced by sensor nodes. The overconsumption of communication power presents a risk to the longevity of nodes. Hence, it is imperative to offer remedies for network-related problems such as Quality of Service (QoS), security, network heterogeneity, congestion avoidance, reliable routing, and energy conservation. Routing protocols are crucial for addressing the aforementioned issues of sending data across different firms. Data aggregation techniques are essential for the collection and consolidation of information in order to reduce traffic congestion , operational costs, energy consumption, and the lifespan of the network. Developing reliable, energy-efficient, and efficient route planning is challenging in scenarios where data is aggregated for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The current investigation presents a novel routing system named Cluster-based Energy-aware & Nearest Neighbour Protocol (CEnNP), which utilizes NS2 simulation. The technique use decision trees and neural networks to evaluate the probability of a successful delivery. When training the model, we consider various factors such as the predictability value obtained from the CEnNP routing scheme, node popularity, node power consumption, speed, and location. The simulation findings indicate that CEnNP outperforms a reliable routing system for NS2 1 in terms of successful deliveries, lost messages, overhead, and hop count. However , these enhancements result in only marginal increments in buffer length and buffer occupancy levels. The proposed hybrid routing technique consists of two main stages: cluster formation and intra-and inter-cluster routing. The findings indicate that CEnNP outperforms prior studies in terms of network resilience, packet transmission efficiency, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption
PEG-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan films with biodegradability and antibacterial activity for food packaging: preparation and properties
Authors: Yang Bing , Liu Baoliang , Gao Yuanyuan , Wei Junjie , Li Gang , Wang Linlin , Hou Zhaosheng , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This study developed a kind of PEG − crosslinked O − carboxymethyl chitosan (O − CMC − PEG) with various PEG content for food packaging. The crosslinking agent of isocyanate-terminated PEG was firstly synthesized by a simple condensation reaction between PEG and excess diisocyanate, then the crosslink between O − carboxymethyl chitosan (O − CMC) and crosslinking agent occurred under mild conditions to produce O − CMC − PEG with a crosslinked structure linked by urea bonds. FT − IR and 1H NMR techniques were utilized to confirm the chemical structures of the crosslinking agent and O − CMC − PEGs. Extensive research was conducted to investigate the impact of the PEG content (or crosslinking degree) on the physicochemical characteristics of the casted O − CMC − PEG films. The results illuminated that crosslinking and components compatibility could improve their tensile features and water vapor barrier performance, while high PEG content played the inverse effects due to the microphase separation between PEG and O − CMC segments. The in vitro degradation rate and water sensitivity primarily depended on the crosslinking degree in comparison with the PEG content. Furthermore, caused by the remaining − NH2 groups of O − CMC, the films demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. When the PEG content was 6% (medium crosslinking degree), the prepared O − CMC − PEG− 6% film possessed optimal tensile features, high water resistance, appropriate degradation rate, low water vapor transmission rate and fine broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity, manifesting a great potential for application in food packaging to extend the shelf life.
Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure response to spinal anaesthesia in euvolaemic vascular surgery patients
Authors: Gkounti Georgia , Loutradis Charalampos , Tzimou Myrto , Katsioulis Christos , Nevras Vasileios , Pitoulias Apostolos , Argiriadou Helena , Efthimiadis Georgios , Pitoulias Georgios 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:
Regional anaesthesia techniques provide highly effective alternatives to general anaesthesia. Existing evidence of the effect of spinal anaesthesia (SA) on cardiac diastolic function is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a single-injection, low-dose SA on left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) using echocardiography in euvolaemic patients undergoing elective vascular surgery.
Methods:
This is a prospective study in adult patients undergoing elective vascular surgery with SA. Patients with contraindications for SA or significant valvular disease were excluded. During patients’ evaluations fluid administration was targeted using arterial waveform monitoring. All patients underwent echocardiographic studies before and after SA for the assessment of indices reflective of diastolic function. LVEDP was evaluated using E/e’ ratio. Blood samples were drawn to measure troponin and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels before and after SA.
Results
A total of 62 patients (88.7% males, 71.00 ± 9.42 years) were included in the analysis. In total population, both end-diastolic (EDV, 147.51 ± 41.36 vs 141.72 ± 40.13 ml; p = 0.044) and end-systolic volume (ESV, 69.50 [51.50] vs 65.00 [29.50] ml; p < 0.001) decreased and E/e’ ratio significantly decreased (10.80 [4.21] vs 9.55 [3.91]; p = 0.019). In patients with elevated compared to those with normal LV end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP), an overall improvement in diastolic function was noted. The A increased (-6.58 ± 11.12 vs 6.46 ± 16.10; p < 0.001) and E/A decreased (0.02 ± 0.21 vs -0.36 ± 0.90; p = 0.004) only in the elevated LVEDP group. Patients with elevated LVEDP had a greater decrease in E/e’ compared to those with normal LVEDP (-0.03 ± 2.39 vs -2.27 ± 2.92; p = 0.002).
Conclusion
This study provides evidence that SA in euvolaemic patients undergoing elective vascular surgery improved LVEDP.