bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phaeodactylum tricornutum: An established model species for diatom molecular research and an emerging chassis for algal synthetic biology
Authors: Russo Monia T. , Rogato Alessandra , Jaubert Marianne , Karas Bogumil J. , Falciatore Angela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiatoms are prominent and highly diverse microalgae in aquatic environments. Compared with other diatom species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum is an “atypical diatom” displaying three different morphotypes and lacking the usual silica shell. Despite being of limited ecological relevance, its ease of growth in the laboratory and well‐known physiology, alongside the steady increase in genome‐enabled information coupled with effective tools for manipulating gene expression, have meant it has gained increased recognition as a powerful experimental model for molecular research on diatoms. We here present a brief overview of how over the last 25 years P. tricornutum has contributed to the unveiling of fundamental aspects of diatom biology, while also emerging as a new tool for algal process engineering and synthetic biology.
Caught in the act: In situ visualization of bacterial secretion systems by cryo‐electron tomography
Authors: Keck Camille , Enninga Jost , Swistak Léa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBacterial secretion systems, such as the type 3, 4, and 6 are multiprotein nanomachines expressed at the surface of pathogens with Gram‐negative like envelopes. They are known to be crucial for virulence and to translocate bacteria‐encoded effector proteins into host cells to manipulate cellular functions. This facilitates either pathogen attachment or invasion of the targeted cell. Effector proteins also promote evasion of host immune recognition. Imaging by cryo‐electron microscopy in combination with structure determination has become a powerful approach to understand how these nanomachines work. Still, questions on their assembly, the precise secretion mechanisms, and their direct involvement in pathogenicity remain unsolved. Here, we present an overview of the recent developments in in situ cryo‐electron microscopy. We discuss its potential for the investigation of the role of bacterial secretion systems during the host‐bacterial crosstalk at the molecular level. These in situ studies open new perspectives for our understanding of secretion system structure and function.
Mechanisms underlying retardation of aging by dietary energy restriction
Authors: Shimokawa Isao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModerate restriction of dietary energy intake, referred to here as dietary restriction (DR), delays aging and extends lifespan in experimental animals compared with a diet of ad libitum feeding (AL) control animals. Basic knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the effects of DR could be applicable to extending the healthspan in humans. This review highlights the importance of forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors downstream of the growth hormone‐insulin‐like growth factor 1 signaling in the effects of DR. Our lifespan studies in mice with heterozygous Foxo1 or Foxo3 gene knockout indicated differential roles of FoxO1 and FoxO3 in the tumor‐inhibiting and life‐extending effects of DR. Subsequent studies suggested a critical role of FoxO3 in metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetic adaptation to DR. Our studies also verified hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (Npy) as a vital neuropeptide showing pleiotropic and sexually dimorphic effects for extending the healthspan in the context of nutritional availability. Npy was necessary for DR to exert its effects in male and female mice; meanwhile, under AL conditions, the loss of Npy prevented obesity and insulin resistance only in female mice. Overnutrition disrupts FoxO‐ and Npy‐associated metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetic adaptive processes, causing the acceleration of aging and related diseases.
Production of transgenic periclinal chimeras in pumpkin – a tool for revealing cell fates of L1 meristem
Authors: Chen X. , He S. , Wang Z. , Zhai Y. , Guo W. , Li X. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Genetic engineering is commonly used to improve the agronomic traits of crops. However, genetic transformation in pumpkin remains a challenge. Conducting transformation trials, we accidentally created transgenic L1 periclinal chimeras in pumpkins.

Using our modified Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation, we generated transgenic L1 periclinal chimeras which have high value in research on development of the meristem.

Fluorescence observations of transformed L1 cells enabled us to reveal cell fates. These L1 cells can develop into stomata, epidermal hairs, seed coat, and epidermis of the root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit. These periclinal chimeras can be propagated vegetatively with minimal risk of transgene flow.

This study offers new perspectives on development of the meristem and a promising technique for creating transgenic periclinal chimeras in plants.
Modeling of a Hexagonal Microstrip Patch Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Chowdhury Nure Alam , Wang Lulu , Islam Md Shazzadul , Gu Linxia , Kaya Mehmet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is a global problem, and it is inevitable to detect cancerous cells at early stages. In recent years, microwave imaging (MWI) technology has been widely applied in biomedical applications for its nonionizing radiation. Therefore, in this paper, a low profile hexagonal microstrip patch antenna has been proposed for the technology to detect breast cancer. This antenna has wide operating bandwidth of 13.5 GHz (6.6 GHz to 20.1 GHz), and the return loss is as low as −50.83 dB at 8 GHz. To evaluate the antenna performances, the proposed antenna has been simulated in two different simulation software like HFSS and CST MWS. The antenna has achieved a maximum gain of 8.82 dBi with a quasi-omnidirectional radiation pattern. A three-layered human body mimicking breast phantom with different dielectric properties has been designed with and without tumor mimicking tissue. The difference between the dielectric properties of the tumor and the dielectric properties of different layers of breast phantom in the presence of external radiation field can inform the existence of tumor inside the breast phantom. An array of eight elements of proposed antenna is distributed around the breast phantom to detect the tumor with a minimum radius of 2 mm. Because of the low profile and compact in size (7.9 mm×11.4 mm), the proposed antenna is suitable for multistatic MWI technology for breast cancer detection at early stage.
Route-Based Energy Analysis of Hybrid Rail Consists
Authors: Ahuja Nitisha , Martin Jay D. , Yukish Michael A. , Stump Gary M. , Bennett Lorri A. , Schlake Bryan W. , Anstrom Joel R. , Rahn Christopher D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Adding battery locomotives to traditional diesel locomotives to form a hybrid consist has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in freight rail operations. This paper provides route-based estimates of diesel (hpd/ton) and battery (hpb/ton) power requirements and diesel (gal/ton) and battery (hpbhr/ton) energy requirements for hybrid consists. Given a route-specific power profile, the power split between the battery pack and the diesel engine is optimized to minimize fuel consumption by running the diesel engine at maximum efficiency during the entire route. Simulations for 200-mile round trips between Chicago and Harrisburg show that the diesel power is maximum in low-gradient regions at 1.05 (hpd/ton) and battery power is maximum in hilly regions at 2 (hpb/ton) for discharge and 6.5 (hpb/ton) for charge. Maximum fuel efficiency gains of approximately 60% are seen in the mountains, where 2.09 (hpbhr/ton) of battery energy is needed. Minimum fuel economy gains are observed in flat regions, with 20% fuel consumption reduction. With battery current and voltage limits, the battery pack size increases, and fuel savings decrease.
Experimental Validation of Switched Moving Boundary Modeling of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Sakakini Trent J. , Gomez Alexander M. , Koeln Justin P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) devices use phase change materials (PCMs) to store and release thermal energy. Control-oriented models are needed to predict the behavior of TES devices and experimental validation is necessary to demonstrate the predictive capabilities of these models. This paper presents an experimental validation of a switched moving boundary (MB) approach for modeling TES devices, where the dynamics of the device are captured with fewer states than traditional models. A graph-based modeling approach is used to model heat flow, while the moving boundary captures the time-varying liquid and solid regions of the TES. The model uses a finite state machine (FSM) to switch between four modes of operation based on the state-of-charge (SOC) of the TES. Results show that the switched MB approach has similar accuracy and lower computational cost compared to traditional modeling approaches when predicting the SOC of an experimental TES device.
An Energy-Based Framework for Robust Dynamic Bipedal Walking Over Compliant Terrain
Authors: Karakasis Chrysostomos , Poulakakis Ioannis , Artemiadis Panagiotis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bipedal locomotion over compliant terrain is an important and largely underexplored problem in the robotics community. Although robot walking has been achieved on some non-rigid surfaces with existing control methodologies, there is a need for a systematic framework applicable to different bipeds that enables stable locomotion over various compliant terrains. In this work, a novel energy-based framework is proposed that allows the dynamic locomotion of bipeds across a wide range of compliant surfaces. The proposed framework utilizes an extended version of the 3D dual spring-loaded inverted pendulum (Dual-SLIP) model that supports compliant terrains, while a bio-inspired controller is employed to regulate expected perturbations of extremely low ground-stiffness levels. An energy-based methodology is introduced for tuning the bio-inspired controller to enable dynamic walking with robustness to a wide range of low ground-stiffness one-step perturbations. The proposed system and controller are shown to mimic the vertical ground reaction force (GRF) responses observed in human walking over compliant terrains. Moreover, they succeed in handling repeated unilateral stiffness perturbations under specific conditions. This work can advance the field of biped locomotion by providing a biomimetic method for generating stable human-like walking trajectories for bipedal robots over various compliant surfaces. Furthermore, the concepts of the proposed framework could be incorporated into the design of controllers for lower-limb prostheses with adjustable stiffness to improve their robustness over compliant surfaces.
The Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Sand Versus Hard Surfaces on Physical Fitness in Young Male Tennis Players
Authors: Fernandez-Fernandez Jaime , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Boullosa Daniel , Santos-Rosa Francisco Javier , Herrero-Molleda Alba , Granacher Urs , Sanz-Rivas David 
Published: November 2023

Purpose: To examine the effects of a neuromuscular training program combining plyometric exercises with acceleration, deceleration, and change-of-direction drills conducted on sand or hard surfaces on the fitness qualities of young male tennis players. Methods: Thirty-one young male players were allocated to a training group performing 12 training sessions on sand or hard surfaces, during a 6-week period. Tests included linear sprint (10-m acceleration with 5-m split times), change of direction (modified 5-0-5 test), vertical jumps (countermovement jump and the 10/5 repeated-jump test), isometric hip abduction and adduction strength, and dynamic balance (Y-balance test). Perceived training loads and muscle soreness were assessed during the intervention. Results: Both training strategies were similarly effective in improving the analyzed fitness components. Group × time interaction effects were noticed, with countermovement jump (P = .032), repeated-jump test (P = .029), and reactive strength index (P = .008) favoring hard surfaces and 5-m sprint (P = .009), dynamic balance (P < .05), adduction strength (P < .05), and abduction strength (P < .001) indices favoring sand. Furthermore, the sand group promoted greater perceived training loads and muscle soreness (P < .05) than the hard group across the intervention period. Conclusion: Neuromuscular training strategies characterized by a relatively low volume (∼35 min), conducted on sand or hard surfaces, promoted similar improvements in the fitness qualities of young tennis players, with selected surface-interaction effects. Training on sand can cause transiently higher training loads and persistently higher muscle soreness, suggesting the need for an adequate familiarization period.
Cervico-thoracic Morel-Lavallée lesion
Authors: Hughes Andrew James , Joseph Vinay Mathew , Roy Kunal , Lougher Laura 
Published: November 2023

Morel-Lavallée lesions (MLLs) result from high-energy trauma causing separation of subcutaneous tissue from the underlying tissue, most commonly in the gluteal region or thigh.We report the case of a woman in her 40s with a fluctuant collection of the cervico-thoracic region following trauma. Further imaging identified an MLL. An orthoplastic approach resulted in non-operative management with a spinal brace. Three months from initial injury, the lesion completely resolved. She was symptom free at final follow-up and discharged.We present the only recorded case of MLL developing in the cervico-thoracic region. Management posed difficultly as no literature currently exists. We demonstrated conservative management for cervico-thoracic MLL can be effective.We have described the first documented case of cervico-thoracic MLL. MLL is not exclusive to pelvic injuries and can develop in the cervico-thoracic region. We have shown conservative management is a viable treatment of atypical MLL.
Why do children attend school, engage in other activities or socialise when they have symptoms of an infectious illness? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Woodland Lisa , Smith Louise E , Webster Rebecca K , Amlôt Richard , Rubin James G 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo prevent the spread of infectious disease, children are typically asked not to attend school, clubs or other activities, or socialise with others while they have specific symptoms. Despite this, many children continue to participate in these activities while symptomatic.Design and settingWe commissioned a national cross-sectional survey with data collected between 19 November and 18 December 2021.ParticipantsEligible parents (n=941) were between 18 and 75 years of age, lived in the UK and had at least one child aged between 4 and 17 years. Parents were recruited from a pre-existing pool of potential respondents who had already expressed an interest in receiving market research surveys.Outcome measuresParents were asked whether their children had exhibited either recent vomiting, diarrhoea, high temperature/fever, a new continuous cough, a loss or change to their sense of taste or smell in the absence of a negative (PCR) COVID-19 test (‘stay-at-home symptoms’) since September 2021 and whether they attended school, engaged in other activities outside the home or socialised with members of another household while symptomatic (‘non-adherent’). We also measured parent’s demographics and attitudes about illness.ResultsOne-third (33%, n=84/251, 95% CI: 28% to 39%) of children were ‘non-adherent’ in that they had attended activities outside the home or socialised when they had stay-at-home symptoms. Children were significantly more likely to be non-adherent when parents were aged 45 and younger; they allowed their children to make their own decisions about school attendance; they agreed that their child should go to school if they took over-the-counter medication; or they believed that children should go to school if they have mild symptoms of illness.ConclusionTo reduce the risk of spreading disease, parents and teenagers need guidance to help them make informed decisions about engaging in activities and socialising with others while unwell.
Evolution of brain MRI lesions in paediatric myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and its relevance to disease course
Authors: Abdel-mannan Omar , Champsas Dimitrios , Tur Carmen , Lee Vanessa , Manivannan Sharmila , Usman Haroon , Skippen Alison , Desai Ishita , Chitre Manali , Forsyth Rob , Kneen Rachel , Ram Dipak , Ramdas Sithara , Rossor Thomas , West Siobhan , Wright Sukhvir , Palace Jacqueline , Wassmer Evangeline , Hemingway Cheryl , Lim Ming J , Mankad Kshitij , Ciccarelli Olga , Hacohen Yael 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLesion resolution is often observed in children with myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and asymptomatic lesions are less commonly reported in MOGAD than in multiple sclerosis (MS).ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate brain MRI changes over time in paediatric MOGAD.MethodsRetrospective study in eight UK paediatric neuroscience centres. Acute brain MRI and available follow-up MRIs were reviewed. Predictors for lesion dynamic were evaluated using multivariable regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to predict risk of relapse, disability and MOG-Ab status.Results200 children were included (MOGAD 97; MS 103). At first MRI post attack, new symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions were seen more often in MS versus MOGAD (52/103 vs 28/97; p=0.002 and 37/103 vs 11/97; p<0.001); 83% of patients with MOGAD showed at least one lesion’s resolution at first follow‐up scan, and 23% had normal MRI. Only 1 patient with MS had single lesion resolution; none had normal MRI. Disappearing lesions in MOGAD were seen in 40% after the second attack, 21% after third attack and none after the fourth attack.New lesions at first follow-up scan were associated with increased likelihood of relapse (p=0.02) and persistent MOG-Ab serostatus (p=0.0016) compared with those with no new lesions. Plasma exchange was associated with increased likelihood of lesion resolution (p=0.01). Longer time from symptom onset to steroids was associated with increased likelihood of new lesions; 50% increase at 20 days (p=0.01).ConclusionsThese striking differences in lesion dynamics between MOGAD and MS suggest greater potential to repair. Early treatment with steroids and plasma exchange is associated with reduced likelihood of new lesions.
Using nominal group technique to identify the planning considerations for UK Armed Forces medical personnel delivering defence engagement first aid training activities
Authors: Middleton Mark Anthony , Whitaker J 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionDefence Medical Services personnel regularly deploy overseas to deliver training activities as part of defence engagement (DE) to positively influence partners and others. There remains scope for medical planners to enhance our understanding of how to optimally use medical staff and assets for DE. We aimed to develop a tool to improve planning for DE activities delivering first aid training.MethodsWe used nominal group technique to conduct a focus group with UK experts in planning first aid training DE activities to identify and prioritise important planning considerations within a conceptual framework based on the Defence Lines of Development. We validated and refined this framework with international experts from partner nation militaries to help strengthen the final planning tool.ResultsWe developed a detailed tool covering training curriculum and logistical and infrastructure requirements to deliver safe and effective DE training activities. First aid training engagement priorities include being tailored to the training audience and in harmony with the national or military healthcare services of that country. Messaging around the women, peace and security agenda should be integrated into training packages at conception to be effective.ConclusionsWe propose a planning tool to aid in designing first aid training that considers the necessary components to support meaningful education and effective engagement in support of UK’s strategic goals. We welcome the use of and feedback on this tool and its impact to those planning first aid training activities as part of DE operations.
HL-LHC layout for fixed-target experiments in ALICE based on crystal-assisted beam halo splitting
Authors: Patecki Marcin , Mirarchi Daniele , Redaelli Stefano , Fomin Alex , Hadjidakis Cynthia , Galluccio Francesca , Scandale Walter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator colliding beams of protons and lead ions at energies up to 7 Z TeV, where Z is the atomic number. ALICE is one of the experiments optimised for heavy-ion collisions. A fixed-target experiment in ALICE is being considered to collide a portion of the beam halo, split using a bent crystal inserted in the transverse hierarchy of the LHC collimation system, with an internal target placed a few metres upstream of the existing detector. This study is carried out as a part of the Physics Beyond Collider effort at CERN. Fixed-target collisions offer many physics opportunities related to hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma to extend the research potential of the CERN accelerator complex. Production of physics events depends on the particle flux on the target. The machine layout for the fixed-target experiment is developed to provide a flux of particles on the target high enough to exploit the full capabilities of the ALICE detector acquisition system. This paper summarises the fixed-target layout consisting of the crystal assembly, the target and the downstream absorbers. We discuss the conceptual integration of these elements within the LHC ring, the impact on ring losses, and expected performance in terms of particle flux on target.
Stability analysis of anisotropic stars in f(R, T) gravity through cracking technique
Authors: Noureen I. , Raza Ali , Mardan S. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article, cracking technique is developed for spherically symmetric compact sources in the framework of f(R, T) gravity, where R denotes Ricci scalar and T stands for trace of energy momentum tensor. The characteristics of a star with anisotropic pressure stresses are investigated by utilizing the Tolman–Kuchowicz spacetime solutions. Modified field equations are developed for a particular model i.e., $$f(R,T)=R+2\gamma T$$

f
(
R
,
T
)
=
R
+
2
γ
T

, where $$\gamma $$
γ
is constant, that are further used to develop expressions for matter density, radial and tangential pressures. A generalized form of the Tolman Oppenheimer Volkoff (TOV) equation is developed for the modified field equations. The consequence of the local density perturbation scheme, as presented by Biswas et al. (Eur Phys J C 80:175, 2020) is considered. The mathematical framework for cracking has been tested on five realistic stars namely, Vela X-1, Cen X-3, SMC X-1, PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J1903+327. The graph of forces distribution of these stars have been observed to check the stability regions. The results of cracking/overturning for various values of the parameters involved in this model are observed by checking the instability regions in the form intervals.