bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuals learning to drive solo before age 18 have superior spatial navigation ability compared with those who learn later
Authors: Yavuz Emre , Manley Ed , Gahnstrom Christoffer J. , Goodroe Sarah , Coutrot Antoine , Hornberger Michael , Spiers Hugo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA challenge associated with driving vehicles can be navigating to the destination. While driving experience would seem beneficial for improving navigation skill, it remains unclear how driving experience relates to wayfinding ability. Using the mobile video game-based wayfinding task Sea Hero Quest, which is predictive of real-world navigation, we measured wayfinding ability in US-based participants (n = 694, 291 men, 403 women, mean age = 26.8 years, range = 18-52 years). We also asked travel-related self-report questions, including the age one started learning to drive, the age one started driving solo and weekly driving hours. A multivariate linear regression model found that those who started driving solo below aged 18 had significantly better wayfinding ability than those starting to drive solo aged 18 and above. Other driving-related self-report measures were not associated with wayfinding ability. Future studies should determine the directionality of the association between driving experience and wayfinding ability.
Full-Length Single-Molecule Protein Fingerprinting
Authors: Filius Mike , van Wee Raman , de Lannoy Carlos , Westerlaken Ilja , Li Zeshi , Kim Sung Hyun , de Agrela Pinto Cecilia , Wu Yunfei , Boons Geert-Jan , Pabst Martin , de Ridder Dick , Joo Chirlmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProteins are the primary functional actors of the cell. Hence, their identification is pivotal to advance our understanding of cell biology and disease. Current protein analysis methods are of limited use for distinguishing proteoforms. In particular, mass spectrometric methods often provide only ambiguous information on post-translational modification sites, and sequences of co-existing modifications may not be resolved. Here we demonstrate FRET-based single-molecule protein fingerprinting to map the location of individual amino acids and a post-translational modification within single full-length protein molecules. Using an approach that relies on transient binding of fluorescently labeled DNA strands to probe the amino acids on a protein one by one we show that we can fingerprint intrinsically disordered proteins as well as folded globular proteins with sub-nanometer resolution. We anticipate that this technology will be used for proteoform identification in biological and translational research with ultimate sensitivity.
Reduced discrimination between signals of danger and safety but not overgeneralization is linked to exposure to childhood adversity in healthy adults
Authors: Klingelhöfer-Jens Maren , Hutterer Katharina , Schiele Miriam A. , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Schümann Dirk , Rosenkranz Karoline , Böhnlein Joscha , Repple Jonathan , Deckert Jürgen , Domschke Katharina , Dannlowski Udo , Lueken Ulrike , Reif Andreas , Romanos Marcel , Zwanzger Peter , Pauli Paul , Gamer Matthias , Lonsdorf Tina B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChildhood adversity is a strong predictor of developing psychopathological conditions. Multiple theories on the mechanisms underlying this association have been suggested which, however, differ in the operationalization of ‘exposure’. Altered (threat) learning mechanisms represent central mechanisms by which environmental inputs shape emotional and cognitive processes and ultimately behavior. 1402 healthy participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm (acquisition training, generalization), while acquiring skin conductance responses (SCRs) and ratings (arousal, valence, and contingency). Childhood adversity was operationalized as (1) dichotomization, and following (2) the specificity model, (3) the cumulative risk model, and (4) the dimensional model. Individuals exposed to childhood adversity showed blunted physiological reactivity in SCRs, but not ratings, and reduced CS+/CS-discrimination during both phases, mainly driven by attenuated CS + responding. The latter was evident across different operationalizations of ‘exposure’ following the different theories. None of the theories tested showed clear explanatory superiority. Notably, a remarkably different pattern of increased responding to the CS-is reported in the literature for anxiety patients, suggesting that individuals exposed to childhood adversity may represent a specific sub-sample. We highlight that theories linking childhood adversity to (vulnerability to) psychopathology need refinement.
The wheat powdery mildew resistance genePm4also confers resistance to wheat blast
Authors: O’Hara Tom , Steed Andrew , Goddard Rachel , Gaurav Kumar , Arora Sanu , Quiroz-Chávez Jesús , Ramírez-González Ricardo , Badgami Roshani , Gilbert David , Sánchez-Martín Javier , Wingen Luzie , Feng Cong , Jiang Mei , Cheng Shifeng , Dreisigacker Susanne , Keller Beat , Wulff Brande B.H. , Uauy Cristóbal , Nicholson Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWheat blast, caused by the fungusMagnaporthe oryzae, threatens global cereal production since its emergence in Brazil in 1985 and recently spread to Bangladesh and Zambia. Here we demonstrate that theAVR-Rmg8effector, common in wheat-infecting isolates, is recognised by the genePm4, previously shown to confer resistance to specific races ofBlumeria graminisf.sp.tritici, the cause of powdery mildew of wheat. We show thatPm4alleles differ in their recognition of differentAVR-Rmg8alleles, and some confer resistance only in seedling leaves but not spikes making it important to select for those alleles that function in both tissues. This study has identified a gene recognising an important virulence factor present in wheat blast isolates in Bangladesh and Zambia and represents an important first step towards developing durably resistant wheat cultivars for these regions.
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia reveals role of the Postinspiratory Complex in the mediation of normal swallow production
Authors: Huff Alyssa , Karlen-Amarante Marlusa , Oliveira Luiz Marcelo , Ramirez Jan Marino 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder that results in multiple bouts of intermittent hypoxia. OSA has many neurologic and systemic comorbidities including dysphagia, or disordered swallow, and discoordination with breathing. However, the mechanism in which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) causes dysphagia is unknown. Recently we showed the Postinspiratory complex (PiCo) acts as an interface between the swallow pattern generator (SPG) and the inspiratory rhythm generator, the preBötzinger Complex, to regulate proper swallow-breathing coordination (Huff et al., 2023). PiCo is characterized by interneurons co-expressing transporters for glutamate (Vglut2) and acetylcholine (ChAT). Here we show that optogenetic stimulation of ChATcre:Ai32, Vglut2cre:Ai32, and ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 mice exposed to CIH does not alter swallow-breathing coordination, but unexpectedly disrupts swallow behavior via triggering variable swallow motor patterns. This suggests, glutamatergic-cholinergic neurons in PiCo are not only critical for the regulation of swallow-breathing coordination, but also play an important role in the modulation of swallow motor patterning. Our study also suggests that swallow disruption, as seen in OSA, involves central nervous mechanisms interfering with swallow motor patterning and laryngeal activation. These findings are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying dysphagia, both in OSA and other breathing and neurological disorders.
Non-destructive, whole-plant phenotyping reveals dynamic changes in water use efficiency, photosynthesis, and rhizosphere acidification of sorghum accessions under osmotic stress
Authors: Ginzburg Daniel N. , Cox Jack A. , Rhee Seung Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNoninvasive phenotyping can quantify dynamic plant growth processes at higher temporal resolution than destructive phenotyping and can reveal phenomena that would be missed by end-point analysis alone. Additionally, whole-plant phenotyping can identify growth conditions that are optimal for both above- and below-ground tissues. However, noninvasive, whole-plant phenotyping approaches available today are generally expensive, complex, and non-modular. We developed a low-cost and versatile approach to non-invasively measure whole-plant physiology over time by growing plants in isolated hydroponic chambers. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by measuring whole-plant biomass accumulation, water use, and water use efficiency every two days on unstressed and osmotically-stressed sorghum accessions. We identified relationships between root zone acidification and photosynthetic efficiency on whole-plant water use efficiency over time. Our system can be implemented using cheap, basic components, requires no specific technical expertise, and is suitable for any non-aquatic vascular plant species.
FAM210B is dispensable for erythroid differentiation in adult mice
Authors: Perfetto Mark , Rondelli Catherine M. , Gillis Samantha , Stratman Amber N. , Yien Yvette Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIron plays a central role in cellular redox processes, but its ability to adopt multiple oxidation states also enables it to catalyze deleterious reactions. The requirement for iron in erythropoiesis has necessitated the evolution of mechanisms with which to handle the iron required for hemoglobinization. FAM210B was identified as a regulator of mitochondrial iron import and heme synthesis in erythroid cell culture and zebrafish models. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that while FAM210B is required for erythroid differentiation and heme synthesis under standard cell culture conditions, holotransferrin supplementation was sufficient to chemically complement the iron-deficient phenotype. As the biology of FAM210B is complex and context specific, and whole-organism studies on FAM210 proteins have been limited, we sought to unravel the role of FAM210B in erythropoiesis using knockout mice. We were surprised to discover thatFam210b-/-mice were viable and the adults did not have erythropoietic defects in the bone marrow. In contrast to studies inC. elegans, Fam210b-/-mice were also fertile. There were some modest phenotypes, such as a slight increase in lymphocytes and white cell count inFam210b-/-females, as well as an increase in body weight inFam210b-/-males. However, our findings suggest that FAM210B may play a more important role in cellular iron homeostasis under iron deficient conditions. Here, we will discuss the cell culture conditions used in iron metabolism studies that can account for the disparate finding on FAM210B function. Moving forward, resolving these discrepancies will be important in identifying novel iron homeostasis genes.
Pre-piRNA trimming safeguards piRNAs against erroneous targeting by RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Pastore Benjamin , Hertz Hannah L. , Tang Wen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTIn animal germ lines, The Piwi/piRNA pathway plays a crucial role in safeguarding genome integrity and promoting fertility. Following transcription from discrete genomic loci, piRNA precursors undergo nucleolytic processing at both 5’ and 3’ ends. The ribonuclease PARN-1 and its orthologs mediate piRNA 3’ trimming in worms, insects and mammals. Yet, the significance of this evolutionarily conserved processing step is not well understood. EmployingC. elegansas a model organism, our recent work has demonstrated that 3’ trimming protects piRNAs against non-templated nucleotide additions and degradation. In this study, we present an unexpected finding thatC. elegansdeficient for PARN-1 accumulate a heretofore uncharacterized RNA species termed anti-piRNAs, which are antisense to piRNAs. These anti-piRNAs associate with Piwi proteins and display the propensity for a length of 17-19 nucleotides and 5’ guanine and adenine residues. We show that untrimmed pre-piRNAs inparn-1mutants are modified by the terminal nucleotidyltransferase RDE-3 and erroneously targeted by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase EGO-1, thereby giving rise to anti-piRNAs. Taken together, our work identifies a previously unknown class of small RNAs upon loss ofparn-1and provides mechanistic insight to activities of RDE-3, EGO-1 and Piwi proteins.
The IRE1α/XBP1 signaling axis drives myoblast fusion in adult skeletal muscle
Authors: Joshi Aniket S. , da Silva Meiricris Tomaz , Roy Anirban , Koike Tatiana E. , Wu Mingfu , Castillo Micah B. , Gunaratne Preethi H. , Liu Yu , Iwawaki Takao , Kumar Ashok 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTSkeletal muscle regeneration involves a signaling network that regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of muscle precursor cells to injured myofibers. Inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) is one of the arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that regulates cellular proteostasis in response to ER stress. Here, we demonstrate that inducible deletion of IRE1α in adult muscle stem cells (i.e. satellite cells) of mice impairs skeletal muscle regeneration primarily through inhibiting myoblast fusion step. Knockdown of IRE1α or its downstream target, X-box protein 1 (XBP1), also inhibits fusion of cultured myoblasts during myogenesis. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed that knockdown of IRE1α or XBP1 deregulates the gene expression of molecules involved in the regulation of myoblast fusion. The IRE1α-XBP1 axis mediates the gene expression of multiple profusion molecules, including Myomaker (Mymk) during myogenic differentiation. Our study demonstrates that spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) transcription factor binds to the promoter region ofMymkgene during myogenesis. Overexpression of myomaker in IRE1α-knockdown cultures rescues fusion defects. Finally, our results show that inducible deletion ofIRE1α in satellite cells inhibits myoblast fusion and myofiber hypertrophy in response to functional overload. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IRE1α promotes myoblast fusion through sXBP1-mediated up-regulation in the gene expression of profusion molecules.Significance StatementMyoblast fusion is an essential step for regeneration and post-natal growth of skeletal muscle. We demonstrate that the activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 arm of the unfolded protein response induces myoblast fusion through augmenting the gene expression of multiple profusion molecules, including myomaker. This study has identified a novel signaling axis that link ER stress-induced non-myogenic signaling pathway to myoblast fusion. Augmenting the activity of IRE1α/XBP1 pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy for various muscle degenerative diseases.
Expansion of highly interferon-responsive T cells in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sirkis Daniel W. , Solsberg Caroline Warly , Johnson Taylor P. , Bonham Luke W. , Oddi Alexis P. , Geier Ethan G. , Miller Bruce L. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAltered immune signatures are emerging as a central theme in neurodegenerative disease, yet little is known about immune responses in early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD).METHODSWe examined single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and droplet digital (dd)PCR data from CD4 T cells from participants with EOAD and clinically normal controls.RESULTSWe analyzed ~182,000 PBMCs by scRNA-seq and discovered increased interferon signaling-associated gene (ISAG) expression and striking expansion of antiviral-like ISAGhiT cells in EOAD. We isolated CD4 T cells from additional EOAD cases and confirmed increased expression of ISAGhimarker genes. Publicly available cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte scRNA-seq data from late-onset mild cognitive impairment and AD also revealed increased expression of interferon-response genes.DISCUSSIONISAGhiT cells, apparently primed for antiviral activity, are expanded in EOAD. Additional research into these cells and the role of heightened peripheral IFN signaling in neurodegeneration is warranted.
Conditional Chemoconnectomics (cCCTomics): Conditional Targeting of Chemical Transmission Efficiently
Authors: Mao Renbo , Yu Jianjun , Deng Bowen , Dai Xihuimin , Du Yuyao , Du Sujie , Zhang Wenxia , Rao Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDissection of neural circuitry underlying behaviors is a central theme in neurobiology. We have previously proposed the concept of chemoconnectome (CCT) to cover the entire chemical transmission between neurons and target cells in an organize and created tools for studying it (CCTomics) by targeting all genes related to the CCT in Drosophila. Here we have created lines targeting the CCT in conditional manners after modifying GFP RNA interference, Flp-out and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. All three strategies are validated to be highly effective with the best using chromatin-peptide fused Cas9 variants and scaffold optimized sgRNAs. As a proof of principle, we conduct a comprehensive intersection analysis of CCT genes expression profiles in the clock neurons, uncovering 43 CCT genes present in clock neurons. Specific elimination of each from clock neurons revealed that loss of the neuropeptide CNMa in two posterior dorsal clock neurons (DN1ps) or its receptor (CNMaR) caused advanced morning activity, indicating a suppressive role of CNMa-CNMaR on morning anticipation, opposite to the promoting role of PDF-PDFR on morning anticipation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of conditional CCTomics and its tools created by us here and establish an antagonistic relationship between CNMa-CNMaR and PDF-PDFR signaling in regulating morning anticipation.
The shape and volume of air, kernels and cracks, in a nutshell
Authors: Amézquita Erik J. , Quigley Michelle Y. , Brown Patrick , Munch Elizabeth , Chitwood Daniel H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWalnuts are the second most produced and consumed tree nut, with over 2.6 million metric tons produced in the 2022-23 harvest cycle alone. The United States is the second largest producer, accounting for 25% of the total global supply. Nonetheless, producers face an ever-growing demand in a more uncertain climate landscape, which requires effective and efficient walnut selection and breeding of new cultivars with increased kernel content and easy-to-open shells. Past and current efforts select for these traits using hand-held calipers and eye-based evaluations. Yet there is plenty of morphology that meets the eye but goes unmeasured, such as the volume of inner air or the convexity of the kernel. Here, we study the shape of walnut fruits based on X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) 3D reconstructions. We compute 49 different morphological phenotypes for 1264 individuals comprising 149 accessions. These phenotypes are complemented by traits of breeding interest such as ease of kernel removal and kernel weight. Through allometric relationships —relative growth of one tissue to another—, we identify possible biophysical constraints at play during development. We explore multiple correlations between all morphological and commercial traits, and identify which morphological traits can explain the most variability of commercial traits. We show that using only volume and thickness-based traits, especially inner air content, we can successfully encode several of the commercial traits.Core IdeasX-ray Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is used to compute a broad array of morpho-logical phenotypes in walnuts.These morphological traits suggest biophysical constraints at play during walnut development.Relative inner air, shell, and packing tissue volumes are significantly correlated to the rest of shape phenotypes.These volumes produce the best prediction models for traits of commercial interest such as shell strength.Inexpensive phenotyping platforms that focus solely on volume measurement would enable better walnut breeding.
Reach, adoption, and implementation strategies of a telehealth falls prevention program: perspectives from francophone communities across Canada
Authors: O’Neil Jennifer , Dionne Nathalie , Marchand Sylvie , Cardinal Dominique , Handrigan Grant , Savard Jacinthe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionA fall may impact a person’s physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Fall prevention programs are being implemented to reduce these negative outcomes. However, linguistic barriers in health services may reduce access to such prevention programs. A telehealth fall prevention program was designed to increase access to such programs in French for Francophone minority communities in Canada. This capacity building project aimed to support community partners to deliver this telehealth program and document strategies used to reach, adopt, and implement the program within various Francophone and Acadian Minority Communities.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed methodology was used to document reach, adoption and implementation strategies and describe lived experiences of program facilitators and organization representatives. Reach, adoption, and implementation were documented and analyzed descriptively while lived experiences were analyzed using content analysis following the Consortium Framework Implementation Research.ResultsTwelve organization representatives or program facilitators from eight organizations operating in four different provinces participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data on reach and adoption: external context, internal context, and capacity building. Four themes were identified as barriers and facilitators to implementation: level of preparation and time management, interpersonal relations and telepresence, exercise facilitation and safety, and technological problem-solving.ConclusionUsing tailored reach and adoption strategies such as prioritizing provinces with higher proportions of needs and training local community program facilitators may lead to successful implementation of a new telehealth fall prevention program. Results from this study could potentially inform other primary prevention programs or telehealth program implementation.