bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The plant growth, water and electricity consumption, and nutrients uptake are influenced by different light spectra and nutrition of lettuce
Authors: Soufi Hamid Reza , Roosta Hamid Reza , Hamidpour Mohsen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different replacement methods of nutrient solution (complete replacement, electrical conductivity (EC)- based replacement, and replacing based on the plant needs) and different LED light spectra (monochromic white, red, blue, and a combination of red/blue) on the uptake of mineral nutrients, water and electricity consumption and biomass production of two varieties of lettuce (Lollo Rossa and Lollo Bionda; Lactuca sativa var. crispa) in the hydroponic systems. The results showed that replacement methods based on the plant needs and based on EC increased shoot fresh mass and yield index in the NFT system. Also, results showed that the combination of red/blue light increased shoot fresh mass and yield index in the NFT system and in the plant factory under treatment by replacement method based on plant needs. Increasing the concentrations of N, K, and Zn and loss of Fe in nutrient solution were observed in all three replacement methods of nutrient solution in the NFT system. Water consumption was decreased under plant nutrition based on plant needs and based on EC. In the plant factory, the application of LED light spectrum also decreased electricity consumption and cost against fluorescent lamps. In general, it is concluded that nutrient solution replacement based on the plant needs and based on EC and the use of different LED light spectra (especially the combination of red and blue light) can be used to reduce the consumption of water and nutrients in the hydroponic cultivation of lettuce.
Digital health application integrating wearable data and behavioral patterns improves metabolic health
Authors: Zahedani Ashkan Dehghani , McLaughlin Tracey , Veluvali Arvind , Aghaeepour Nima , Hosseinian Amir , Agarwal Saransh , Ruan Jingyi , Tripathi Shital , Woodward Mark , Hashemi Noosheen , Snyder Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in reducing caloric intake and increasing physical activity for preventing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been previously demonstrated. The use of modern technologies can potentially further improve the success of these interventions, promote metabolic health, and prevent T2D at scale. To test this concept, we built a remote program that uses continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and wearables to make lifestyle recommendations that improve health. We enrolled 2,217 participants with varying degrees of glucose levels (normal range, and prediabetes and T2D ranges), using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) over 28 days to capture glucose patterns. Participants logged food intake, physical activity, and body weight via a smartphone app that integrated wearables data and provided daily insights, including overlaying glucose patterns with activity and food intake, macronutrient breakdown, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and activity measures. The app furthermore provided personalized recommendations based on users’ preferences, goals, and observed glycemic patterns. Users could interact with the app for an additional 2 months without CGM. Here we report significant improvements in hyperglycemia, glucose variability, and hypoglycemia, particularly in those who were not diabetic at baseline. Body weight decreased in all groups, especially those who were overweight or obese. Healthy eating habits improved significantly, with reduced daily caloric intake and carbohydrate-to-calorie ratio and increased intake of protein, fiber, and healthy fats relative to calories. These findings suggest that lifestyle recommendations, in addition to behavior logging and CGM data integration within a mobile app, can enhance the metabolic health of both nondiabetic and T2D individuals, leading to healthier lifestyle choices. This technology can be a valuable tool for T2D prevention and treatment.
An explainable machine learning-based phenomapping strategy for adaptive predictive enrichment in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Thangaraj Phyllis M. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Ross Joseph S. , Young Lawrence H. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Suchard Marc A. , Khera Rohan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRandomized clinical trials (RCT) represent the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine but are resource-intensive. We propose and evaluate a machine learning (ML) strategy of adaptive predictive enrichment through computational trial phenomaps to optimize RCT enrollment. In simulated group sequential analyses of two large cardiovascular outcomes RCTs of (1) a therapeutic drug (pioglitazone versus placebo; Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial), and (2) a disease management strategy (intensive versus standard systolic blood pressure reduction in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)), we constructed dynamic phenotypic representations to infer response profiles during interim analyses and examined their association with study outcomes. Across three interim timepoints, our strategy learned dynamic phenotypic signatures predictive of individualized cardiovascular benefit. By conditioning a prospective candidate’s probability of enrollment on their predicted benefit, we estimate that our approach would have enabled a reduction in the final trial size across ten simulations (IRIS: −14.8% ± 3.1%, pone-sample t-test = 0.001; SPRINT: −17.6% ± 3.6%, pone-sample t-test < 0.001), while preserving the original average treatment effect (IRIS: hazard ratio of 0.73 ± 0.01 for pioglitazone vs placebo, vs 0.76 in the original trial; SPRINT: hazard ratio of 0.72 ± 0.01 for intensive vs standard systolic blood pressure, vs 0.75 in the original trial; all simulations with Cox regression-derived p value of  < 0.01 for the effect of the intervention on the respective primary outcome). This adaptive framework has the potential to maximize RCT enrollment efficiency.
Improved estimates of carbon dioxide emissions from drained peatlands support a reduction in emission factor
Authors: He Hongxing , Roulet Nigel T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnder the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Annex 1 countries must report annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from peatlands drained for extraction. However, the Tier 1 emission factor (EF) provided in the IPCC 2014 Wetland Supplement is based mainly on warm season data from a limited number of sites. Here we evaluate the current IPCC EF and revise it with newly published data. The updated EF is 2.46 ± 0.25 t C ha−1 yr−1, a 12% reduction and a threefold decrease in the confidence interval compared to the current IPCC (2014) EF. We generate a Tier 3 EF, 1.4 ± 0.25 t C ha−1 yr−1 for a typical extraction site in eastern Canada using numerical CoupModel that explicitly considers seasonality and interannual climatic variability, and suggest how to account for seasonality for the previously published EFs. This reduction has implications for comparing alternatives to peat-based growing substrates, the assessment of offsets, and possible punitive carbon taxes or cap-and-trade schemes.
Public discourses and government interventions behind China’s ambitious carbon neutrality goal
Authors: Zhang Fang , Xu Manchi , Yan Yikuan , Huang Keman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMobilizing the public supports on ambitious climate change goals is crucial for climate action. Here we examine what public discourses have emerged in China around its ambitious carbon neutrality goal and how Chinese government has influenced its public opinion. By using deep learning model to analyze approximately one million microblogs from China, we track the evolution of seven climate discourses among the online public discussing China’s carbon neutrality goal, including scientific, moral, economic, co-benefit, energy security, political, and global frames. Among this community, we find a high level of supports towards China’s carbon neutrality goal. Opposers cite global and moral concerns as their main reason for opposition and are increasingly internally divided in China. Those who are neutral are more easily influenced by an economic discourse. Major climate policies are more effective than politics to influence public views on carbon neutrality.
O-GlcNAcylation is essential for therapeutic mitochondrial transplantation
Authors: Park Ji Hyun , Tanaka Masayoshi , Nakano Takafumi , Licastro Ester , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Li Wenlu , Esposito Elga , Mandeville Emiri T. , Chou Sherry Hsiang-Yi , Ning MingMing , Lo Eng H. , Hayakawa Kazuhide 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Transplantation of mitochondria is increasingly explored as a novel therapy in central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease. However, there are limitations in safety and efficacy because mitochondria are vulnerable in extracellular environments and damaged mitochondria can induce unfavorable danger signals.

Methods
Mitochondrial O-GlcNAc-modification was amplified by recombinant O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and UDP-GlcNAc. O-GlcNAcylated mitochondrial proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and the antiglycation ability of O-GlcNAcylated DJ1 was determined by loss-of-function via mutagenesis. Therapeutic efficacy of O-GlcNAcylated mitochondria was assessed in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. To explore translational potential, we evaluated O-GlcNAcylated DJ1 in CSF collected from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke (SAH).

Results
We show that isolated mitochondria are susceptible to advanced glycation end product (AGE) modification, and these glycated mitochondria induce the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE)-mediated autophagy and oxidative stress when transferred into neurons. However, modifying mitochondria with O-GlcNAcylation counteracts glycation, diminishes RAGE-mediated effects, and improves viability of mitochondria recipient neurons. In a mouse model of stroke, treatment with extracellular mitochondria modified by O-GlcNAcylation reduces neuronal injury and improves neurologic deficits. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from SAH patients, levels of O-GlcNAcylation in extracellular mitochondria correlate with better clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that AGE-modification in extracellular mitochondria may induce danger signals, but O-GlcNAcylation can prevent glycation and improve the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted mitochondria in the CNS.
Segmentation of nucleus based on dynamic convolution and deep features of stain distribution
Authors: Zhou Haoyang , Feng Bao , Chen Hongbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnalysis of the pathology image is important to diagnose cancer of lung, breast and stomach. Segmenting the nucleus is a key step for quantitative analysis, and has significance to the pathology researches and computer aided diagnosis systems. The inconsistency of colour, fuzzy boundary of nucleus and overlapping of cells are the universally acknowledged challenges. To solve these problems, the difference between the inside and outside of nucleus is enhanced by obtaining the distribution of the haematoxylin based on Lambert–Beer's law and the optical characteristics of stains. An inferior encoder, which is supervised by the inferior decoder, is proposed to extract the deep features of the distribution of stains. And these features are fed into the primary encoder to improve the accuracy of segmentation. To relieve the problem that some nuclei are segmented as background because the deep feature is inapparent, dynamic convolution is introduced into the encoders. The experiments show that the proposed model can segment the nucleus in the pathological images more precisely than the compared models. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and panoptic quality (PQ) are 0.810 and 0.512, respectively.
Bulldog Scalp Syndrome
Authors: Mir Mohd Altaf , Jain Jaya , Kumar Prince , Maurya Rajesh , Rana Manjit Kaur , Goswami Aakansha Giri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBulldog scalp syndrome or cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a rare cutaneous disorder with an incidence of just 0.026 to 1 per 100,000 population and cosmetic problems should not be ignored as they can affect the quality of life of patients in social and psychological aspects. In CVG the scalp thickens to form folds resembling sulci and gyri just as the skin fold of bulldog. It is a clinical diagnosis with various etiologies. It is classified as primary essential or nonessential and secondary CVG. It can manifest with symptoms ranging from mild to severe intensity. Cosmetic problems are the major concern that can affect patients' social and psychological health. If the folds are heavy, they can cause mass symptoms. Thus, surgery remains the definitive treatment option for improving the cosmetic appearance. Both our cases have different etiologies, however, were managed surgically with removal of skin folds (gyrae) and scoring of aponeuroses of the scalp followed by stretching of the scalp and closure to improve appearance. The surgical team as well as patients were satisfied with the appearance of the scalp after healing. CVG though a rare disease with various etiologies is a benign condition with good prognosis with no reports of malignant transformation so far.
Current Evidence and Future Directions of Omega-3 Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Dwiputra Bambang , Santoso Anwar , Purwowiyoto Budhi Setianto , Radi Basuni , Pandhita Bashar Adi Wahyu , Fatrin Serlie , Ambari Ade Meidian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOmega-3 supplementation has a controversial role in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Despite large clinical trials published over the years, the evidence of omega-3 in preventing cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease, is still inconclusive. However, recent clinical trials using higher dose of omega-3 or highly purified esters of omega-3 shows promising result, with reduction in cardiovascular death and incidence of cardiovascular disease. This review aims to summarize the possible mechanism of omega-3 in preventing cardiovascular disease and future directions of research regarding the benefit of omega-3 in cardiovascular disease.
Aikido Tourism Development in Tanabe, Wakayama, Japan
Authors: Ito Eiji 
Published: November 2023

Summary
This case study illustrates the successful promotion and development of budo (martial arts) tourism by the Japan Sports Agency. It focuses primarily on aikido tourism and provides insights into strategies and initiatives that can be implemented to leverage the region’s unique cultural and sport-related heritage for tourism purposes. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of authenticity in sport tourism experiences, emphasising Tanabe’s role as the birthplace of aikido’s founder and the involvement of the sensei (instructor), and its possession of a rich historical background and competent guides/translators. These aspects ensure authentic and meaningful encounters with tourists. Additionally, this case study emphasises the significance of industry-government-academia collaboration in enhancing sustainable tourism development. Collaboration between the Japan Sports Agency, local tourism agencies, aikido practitioners, and the community demonstrates the value of leveraging resources and expertise to create meaningful tourism experiences.

Information
© The Author 2023
Transcriptome-based network analysis of cell cycle-related genes in response to blue and red light in maize
Authors: Liu Tiedong , Zhang Xiwen , Liu Shengqun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In maize, blue and red light are key environmental factors regulating cell-cycle progression. We used transcriptomics to investigate and compare differential gene expression under the four light conditions: red light, blue light, red converted to blue and blue converted to red. A total of 23 differentially expressed genes were identified. The gene–gene interaction analysis indicated a significant interaction between four unidentified genes, 100191551, pco143873, 100284747 and pco060490, and cell-cycle-related genes. Using multiple sequence alignment analysis and protein structure comparisons, we show here that these four unidentified genes were characterized as ALP1-like, ALP1, cyclin P1-1 and AEBP2, respectively. By constructing a protein–protein interaction network, we inferred that 100191551 and pco143873 are potentially regulated to avoid DNA damage by abiotic stress response factors in the cell cycle. The gene 100284747 regulates the cell cycle in response to phosphate starvation signalling. The gene pco060490 potentially negatively regulates the cell cycle through the mediation of Histone H3 and CYCD6 in response to red light. In conclusion, the cell-cycle-related genes are sensitive to blue and red light, and four novel functional genes may be involved in the cell cycle.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy after pancreatectomy in patients with node-negative pancreatic cancer: target trial emulation
Authors: Kirkegård Jakob , Ladekarl Morten , Johannsen Ida Ravnsbæk , Mortensen Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The effect of adjuvant therapy in node-negative pancreatic cancer is uncertain. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival after surgery for pancreatic cancer in patients with node-negative (pN0) and node-positive (pN+) disease using target trial emulation.

Methods
This was an observational cohort study emulating a hypothetical RCT by the clone–censor–weight approach using population-based Danish healthcare registries. The study included Danish patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for pancreatic cancer during 2008–2021, who were discharged alive no more than 4 weeks after surgery. At the time of discharge after surgery, the data for each patient were duplicated; one copy was assigned to the adjuvant chemotherapy strategy and the other to the no adjuvant chemotherapy strategy of the hypothetical trial. Copies were censored when the assigned treatment was no longer compatible with the observed treatment. To account for informative censoring, uncensored patients were weighted according to measured confounders. The primary outcomes were absolute difference in 2-year survival and median overall survival, comparing adjuvant with no adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results
Some 424 patients with pN0 and 953 with pN+ disease were included. Of these, 62.0 and 74.6% respectively initiated adjuvant chemotherapy within the 8-week grace period. Among patients with pN0 tumours, the difference in 2-year survival between those with and without adjuvant therapy was −2.2 (95% c.i. −11.8 to 7.4)%. In those with pN+ disease, the difference in 2-year survival was 9.9 (1.6 to 18.1)%. Median overall survival was 24.9 (i.q.r. 12.8–49.4) and 15.0 (8.0–34.0) months for patients having adjuvant and no adjuvant therapy respectively.

Conclusion
In a target trial emulation using observational data, adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve survival after surgery for node-negative pancreatic cancer.
Changes in Bacteroides and the microbiota in patients with obstructed colorectal cancer: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cao Yinghao , Shang Fumei , Jin Min , Deng Shenghe , Gu Junnan , Mao Fuwei , Qin Le , Wang Ju , Xue Yifan , Jiang Zhenxing , Cheng Denglong , Liu Li , Nie Xiu , Liu Tao , Liu Hongli , Cai Kailin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The relationship between intestinal obstruction due to colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiota remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between alterations in gut microbiota and CRC in the presence of intestinal obstruction.

Methods
Patients with CRC with or without obstruction were recruited and compared using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Total DNA from tumours and adjacent normal tissues of 84 patients and 36 frozen tumour tissues was extracted and amplified. 16S RNA sequencing was used to uncover differences in microbiota composition between the two groups.

Results
A total of 313 patients with CRC were recruited. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients in the obstruction group had shorter overall survival time and disease-free survival (DFS) time than those in the non-obstruction group. Microbial richness and diversity in tumour tissues of patients with obstruction were significantly higher than those of patients with no obstruction. The alpha diversity indices and beta diversity exhibited were different between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). At the phylum and genus levels, Bacteroidetes were significantly enriched in the tumour tissues of patients with obstruction. Alpha diversity in tumour tissues was closely related to specific microbiota. These findings were replicated in the 16S rRNA analyses from frozen samples. There were more Bacteroidetes in CRC patients with obstruction.

Conclusions
Patients with obstructed CRC have worse prognosis and have differences in their microbiota. Higher levels of Bacteroides were observed in patients with obstructed CRC.
Tumour, narrow pelvis and surgery specific factors for total mesorectal excision quality and morbidity following rectal cancer resection
Authors: Tschann Peter , Brock Thomas , Weigl Markus P , Clemens Patrick , Brunner Walter , Attenberger Christian , Königsrainer Ingmar , Emmanuel Klaus , Konschake Marko , Jäger Tarkan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Pelvic anatomy is critical in challenging rectal resections. This study investigated how pelvic anatomy relates to total mesorectal excision (TME) quality, anastomotic leakage rate, and long-term oncological outcomes.

Methods
Patients undergoing elective rectal cancer resection from 2008 to 2017 in an Austrian institution were retrospectively reviewed regardless of the surgical approach. CT scans were analysed for pelvic measurements and volumes. The primary outcomes of interest were the correlation between pelvic dimensions and the TME quality and anastomotic leakage. Subanalysis was done by surgical approach (open, laparoscopic, transanal TME). Secondary outcomes were overall and disease-free survivals.

Results
Among 154 eligible patients, 112 were included. The angle between pubic symphysis and promontory significantly correlated with worse TME grades (TME grade 1: mean(s.d.) 102.7(5.7)°; TME grade 2: 92.0(4.4)°; TME grade 3: 91.4(3.6)°; P &lt; 0.001). A significantly lower distance between tumour and circumferential resection margin (CRM) was observed in grade 3 resections, whereas no difference appeared in grade 1 and grade 2 resection (TME grade 1: mean(s.d.) 11.92(9.4) mm; TME grade 2: 10.8(8.1) mm; TME grade 3: 3.1(4.1) mm; P = 0.003). The anastomotic leakage rate was significantly higher in case of a lower CRM (patients with anastomotic leakage: mean(s.d.) 6.8(5.8) mm versus others: 12.6(9.8) mm, P = 0.027), but not associated with pelvimetry measurements. The transanal TME (TaTME) subgroup displayed a wider angle between the pubic symphysis and promontory, younger age and improved TME quality compared to others (respectively, mean TME grades in TaTME versus open versus laparoscopic: 1.0 ± 0.0, 1.5 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.5, P = 0.013). Finally, oncological survival was not impacted by pelvic measurements or worse TME quality.

Conclusion
The angle between the pubic symphysis and promontory and the distance between tumour and CRM were associated with worse TME grades. The anastomotic leakage was associated with a lower CRM but not with pelvimetric measures.
Wound healing, scarring and management
Authors: Sangha Mahaveer S , Deroide Florence , Meys Rhonda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding wound healing is imperative for the dermatological physician to optimize surgical outcomes. Poor healing may result in negative functional, cosmetic and psychological sequelae. This review briefly outlines the physiology of wound healing, with a view to improving the management of wounds and scars, and minimizing the long-term scarring complications.