bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impairments of Muscles and Nerves Associated with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Their Relationship with Lower Extremity Functioning: The InCHIANTI Study
Authors: Mcdermott Mary McGrae , Guralnik Jack M. , Albay Monique , Bandinelli Stefania , Miniati Benedetta , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To define the relationships between lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD), pathophysiological findings in lower extremity muscles and nerves, and lower extremity performance.Design: Cross‐sectional.Setting: Two communities in Italy.Participants: Nine‐hundred seventy‐nine community‐dwelling men and women aged 60 and older (109 with PAD).Measurements: Presence and degree of lower extremity arterial obstruction were determined using the ankle‐brachial index (ABI). Lower extremity muscle cross‐sectional area was measured using computed tomography. Peroneal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and leg power were also determined. Measures of lower extremity functioning were fast walking speed over 4 meters, time required to walk 400 meters, and the summary performance score.Results: Participants with PAD had significantly poorer performance on functional outcomes than participants without PAD. Adjusting for age and sex, presence of PAD was associated with reduced leg muscle power (83.69 vs 103.51 watts, P<.001), reduced muscle cross‐sectional area (61.5 vs 63.5 cm2, P=.14), and reduced NCV (43.0 vs 44.2 m/s, P=.003). Adjustment for leg power diminished the independent association between ABI and the functional outcomes measures.Conclusion: In community‐dwelling individuals, PAD is associated with reduced NCV and reduced muscle power in the lower extremities. Muscle power may mediate the association between lower ABI levels and poorer functional performance.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single-crystal β-AgVO3 Nanowires and Ribbon-like Nanowires
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Yuanguang , Hu Yonghua , Qian Yitai 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
This paper describes for the first time a routine hydrothermal approach to the large-scale synthesis of one-dimensional (1-D) monoclinic β-AgVO3 nanowires and ribbon-like nanowires. The whole process was actualized without the aid of any templates or surfactants. Some factors that affect the shape of 1-D β-AgVO3 nanomaterials were briefly discussed.
Designing a New Kind of Capsule Catalyst and Its Application for Direct Synthesis of Middle Isoparaffins from Synthesis Gas
Authors: He Jingjiang , Xu Bolian , Yoneyama Yoshiharu , Nishiyama Norikazu , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A catalyst in the form of capsule catalyst was prepared by coating HZSM5 membrane on a preshaped Co/SiO2 catalyst pellet. The capsule catalyst with HZSM5 membrane exhibited excellent selectivity for light hydrocarbon synthesis, especially for isoparaffin synthesis from syngas (CO + H2). Long chain hydrocarbon formation was totally suppressed by the zeolite membrane. The modification of membrane and core catalyst significantly improved the catalytic properties of these new kinds of capsule catalysts.
Facile Preparation of Helical Ladder-type Polymers with Fused Phenoxathiine Rings
Authors: Iwasaki Tomokazu , Tsukahara Yoshiaki , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Poly(3-chiral methylsulfinyl-1,2-phenyleneoxide) was synthesized, and the regioselective intramolecular ring-closing of the pendant sulfoxide on the polymer formed the corresponding helical ladder structure comprising of a fused phenoxathiine ring. The CD of the ladder polymer gave a Cotton effect which was caused by the chirality of the pendant group.
Die Chemie des Zellulären Strahlentodes
Authors: Schulte‐Frohlinde Dietrich 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAuf der Grundlage der Chemie der Desoxyribonucleinsäure (DNA) in wäßriger Lösung und auf der Basis physikalisch‐biologischer Untersuchungen an lebenden Zellen kann heute ein Bild von den chemischen Reaktionen in der Zelle entworfen werden, die nach der Einwirkung energiereicher Strahlung ablaufen und zur Zelldeaktivierung (zum Zelltod) führen können. Weniger wissen wir über die chemischen Vorgänge bei der Entstehung von Mutationen und von Krebs. Ein weiteres Fortschreiten auf dem hier beschriebenen Weg sollte aber auch diese brennenden Fragen einer Antwort näher bringen.
Parfüme, Salben und Schminken im Altertum
Authors: Pászthory Emmerich 
Published: December 2004

Abstract„Ein Schüttopfer spendete ich auf dem Gipfel des Berges:Sieben und abermals sieben Räuchergefäße stellte ich hin, in ihre Schalen schüttete ich Süßrohr,Zedernholz und MyrteDie Götter rochen den wohlgefälligen Duft,Die Götter scharten wie Fliegn sich um die Opferer.”︁.
Schweinfurter Grün – das brillante Gift
Authors: Andreas Holger 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Geschichte des Schweinfurter Grüns hat gezeigt, wie lange es dauerte, bis man die biochemischen Ursachen zunächst nicht erklärbarer Krankheiten erkannte. Man muß dabei bedenken, daß die organischen Arsenverbindungen erheblich giftiger sind als Arsenik (Arsentrioxid) und deshalb schon in wesentlich geringerer Konzentration wirksam sind. So konnten Erkrankungen in Wohnräumen auftreten, auch wenn mit den damaligen analytischen Mitteln Arsen in der Zimmerluft nicht immer nachgewiesen werden konnte. Auch Leiß sich die Bildung gasförmiger Arsenverbindungen in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts chemisch nicht erklären und daher ein Zusammenhang zwischen den mit arsenhaltigen Farben gestrichenen oder tapezierten Wohnräumen und den Erkrankungen nicht herleiten, obwohl die medizinischen Befunde eindeutig dafür sprachen. Immerhin hat es 50 Jahre gedauert, bis man von den ersten Befunden zum endgültigen Verbot arsenhaltiger Pigmente für Tapeten und lnnenanstriche gelangte.
Gymnestrogenin, ein neues Pentahydroxytriterpen aus den Blättern von Gymnema sylvestre R. BR. Glykoside und Aglykone, 309. Mitteilung
Authors: Stöcklin W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe structure of gymnestrogenin, a new triterpene from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), is proposed to be that of 3β, 16β, 21β, 23, 28‐pentahydroxy‐olean‐12‐ene.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 67. Mitteilung [1]. Die Struktur des Granaticins und des Granaticins B. 2. Teil: Die Kristallstruktur des Tri‐O‐acetyl‐O‐jodacetyl‐granaticins
Authors: Brufani M. , Dobler M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe crystal structure of tri‐O‐acetyl‐O‐iodoacetyl‐granaticin has been determined by X‐ray analysis of threedimensional diffractometer intensity data. The crystals are orthorhombic, a = 17.85, b = 14.90, c = 11.26 Å, Z = 4, space group P212121. The molecular structure was established by the heavy atom method and refined by full‐matrix least‐squares analysis. The molecular constitution and configuration is given by formula II. The chirality was determined by the use of anomalous dispersion effects.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 69. Mitteilung [1]. Über das Venturicidin B, das Botrycidin und die Zuckerbausteine der Venturicidine A und B
Authors: Brufani M. , Keller‐Schierlein W. , Löffler W. , Mansperger I. , Zähner H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe known antibiotic Venturicidin A and two new antifungal compounds, Venturicidin B and Botrycidin, have been isolated from a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens DUGGAR. Venturicidin B gave on methanolysis the methyl glycoside of 2‐deoxy‐D‐rhamnose, Venturicidin A the corresponding 3‐O‐carbamate.
CdO auf Cadmiumanoden in Alkalihydroxidlösungen??
Authors: Huber K. , Stucki S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAnodic films formed potentiostatically in 1M NaOH on Cadmium electrodes were examined by means of electron diffraction under carefully controlled conditions. Glancing incidence electron diffraction indicates the presence of Cd(OH)2 on the electrolyte side of the film and of CdO on the metal side. Transmission electron diffraction of thin isolated films indicates only Cd(OH)2 in films formed below the Flade‐potential of the CdO electrode, but CdO along with Cd(OH)2 above the Flade‐potential. In these films selected area diffraction reveals spots consisting exclusively of a very thin oxid layer.
Epoxide von Cardenoliden und Cardenolidglykosiden Partialsynthetische Versuche in der Reihe der Herzgifte. 1. Mitteilung
Authors: Sawlewicz Ludwika , Linde Horst H. A. , Meyer Kuno 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Partialsynthese der isomeren 4,5‐Epoxide des Canarigenins, des 3‐O‐[β‐D‐Digitoxopyranosido]‐4,5α‐epoxy‐canarigenins sowie der isomeren 14,15‐Epoxide des 14‐Anhydrodigitoxins und des 14,15β‐Epoxids des 14‐Anhydrodigoxins werden beschrieben.
Eine neue Version der Epoxyketon → Alkinon‐Fragmentierung: Thermischer Zerfall der Hydrazone aus α,β‐Epoxycarbonyl‐verbindungen und N‐Amino‐aziridinen. Vorläufige Mitteilung
Authors: Felix Dorothee , Schreiber J. , Piers K. , Horn U. , Eschenmoser A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new version of the epoxyketone → alkynone fragmentation is described. Hydrazones derived from cyclic α,β‐epoxy‐ketones and N‐amino‐aziridines decompose thermally into molecular nitrogen, an olefinic fragment and an acetylenic carbonyl compound (compare scheme 1). The reaction of phenylglyoxal with N‐amino‐phenyl‐aziridine at room temperature produces styrene and diazo‐acetophenone in high yield (compare scheme 3).
Biogenese der Betalaine Biotransformation von Dopa und Tyrosin in den Betalaminsäureteil des Betanins. Vorläufige Mitteilung
Authors: Miller H. E. , Rösler H. , Wohlpart A. , Wyler H. , Wilcox M. E. , Frohofer H. , Mabry T. J. , Dreiding André S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDuring studies on the biogenesis of betalains (I) in cactus fruits (Opuntia sp.). DL‐dopa‐1‐[14C] and ‐2‐[14C] were incorporated into betanin (III) which was obtained radiopure after crystallization. The specific activity remained constant after conversion to betanidin (IV) and to a neobetanidin derivative (IX). Reaction of radiobetanin with proline afforded indicaxanthin (V) carrying more than 90% of the radioactivity. Dopa (VI) is thus an efficient precursor for betalamic acid (VIII) but not for cyclodopa (VII). Decarboxylation of radiobetanidin and radioindicaxanthin showed that the carboxyl group of dopa remained a carboxyl group in the biotransformation to betalamic acid. It is concluded that the aromatic ring of dopa is cleaved and that re‐cyclization involving the nitrogen generates the dihydropyridine moiety. Under the same conditions mevalonic acid, aspartic acid and phenylalanine showed low incorporations. Studies with beet seedlings and DL‐dopa‐1‐[14C], ‐2‐[14C] and DL‐tyrosine‐1‐[14C] afforded similar results but with low incorporations.
Die Synthese von Cyclodopa (Leukodopachrom)
Authors: Wyler H. , Chiovini J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of the methylester of cyclodopa (5.6‐dihydroxy‐indoline‐2‐carboxylic acid) is achieved by oxidative conversion of dopa methyl ester to dopachrome methyl ester and its subsequent reduction at pH 8, using respectively potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and sodium dithionite. The efficiency of the oxidation step was found to be dependent on the rather low concentration of the reactants and the very short reaction time involved. After its production cyclodopa methyl ester was stabilized by immediate protonation followed by acetylation leading in a high yield to O,O,N‐triacetyl cyclodopa methyl ester. By partial hydrolysis this derivative gives an O,N‐diacetyl cyclodopa methyl ester and further N‐acetyl cyclodopa methyl ester. Cyclodopa methyl ester and cyclodopa are obtained by prolonged anaerobic hydrolysis. Micro‐separation procedures, nmr‐, uv‐spectra and chiral‐optical properties of cyclodopa and its derivatives are reported and discussed. It is shown by nmr evidence that under acidic conditions the aromatic proton on C(7) of cyclodopa slowly exchanges with deuterium. When an alcoholic solution of cyclodopa methyl ester and semicarbazide is allowed to oxidize in the air, the semicarbazone of dopachrome methyl ester forms.
Über Pyrrolizidinchemie. 10. Mitteilung [1]. Synthese von (±)‐dehydroheliotridin
Authors: Viscontini M. , Gillhof‐Schaufelberger H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Synthese von (±)‐Dehydroheliotridin, dem enzymatisch produzierten Hauptabbauprodukt der Alkaloide Lasiocarpin und Heliotrin, wird beschrieben. Als Edukt dient 1,6‐Dihydroxy‐2, 5‐dicyan‐hexatrien‐(1,3,5)‐dicarbonsäure‐(1,6)‐diäthylester, der mit β‐Alaninäthylester versetzt wird. Das erhaltene 1‐(2‐Äthoxycarbonyl‐äthyl)‐2‐äthoxycarbonyl‐3‐cyanpyrrol wird zu einer Tricarbonsäure hydrolysiert, dann verestert und schliesslich zu (±)‐1,6‐Diäthoxycarbonyl‐7‐oxo‐6, 7‐dihydro‐5H‐pyrrolizidin cyclisiert. Letzteres ergibt Dehydroheliotridin durch Verseifung, Decarboxylierung, Veresterung zu 1‐Methoxycarbonyl‐7‐oxo‐6, 7‐dihydro‐5K‐pyrrolizidin und anschliessende LiAH4‐Reduktion.
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Pig Kidney Particulate Aminopeptidase
Authors: Wacker Hans , Lehky Pavel , Fischer Edmond H. , Stein Eric A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPig kidney particulate aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.1.2) was purified by a modification of the procedure of Wachsmuth et al. [3] to a state of homogeneity according to criteria of ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and some of its physical and chemical properties were determined.The purified enzyme (specific activity 30 ± 3 μmoles leucine‐p‐nitroanilide hydrolyzed/min/mg) has a s20,w = 9.82 S at pH 8 and a molecular weight of about 280,000 as determined by high speed sedimentation equilibrium. Divergence between the number‐, weight‐ and z‐ average molecular weights, and a sharp decrease of these values at low protein concentration, suggest that one is dealing with an associating‐dissociating system.Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of considerable quantities of carbohydrates in the enzyme. Colorimetric, gas chromatographic and enzymatic analyses demonstrated the presence of glucosamine, galactose, mannose, fucose and sialic acid residues in the ratio of 1:0.89:0.75: 0.13: 0.13, amounting to ca. 400 residues or 20% (56,000 daltons) of the molecular weight. With the exception of sialic acid, the carbohydrate content was remarkably constant from preparation to preparation.Analyses by both atomic absorption spectrometry and the dithizone method showed that zinc–the only metal found in significant amount–was always present in the ratio of 2 atoms per molecule. It is therefore proposed that pig kidney particulate aminopeptidase is a Zn‐containing glycoportein.
Dünnschichtchromatographie als Hilfsmittel in der radiochemie. 6. Mitteilung. 1. Trennung von Sn, 125Sb und 125mTe. ‐ 2. Trennung von As, Sb und Sn
Authors: Seiler H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract1. Thin‐layer chromatography is applied to the separation of the nuclids of the decay‐chain: 125Sn → 125mTe. Different factors influencing the separation are investigated. The method can be used for the carrier‐free separation of 125mTe. 2. As, Sb and Sn have been separated by thin‐layer chromatography.
Etude par spectrométrie de masse du cyclopentanediol‐trans‐1,2
Authors: Singy G. A. , Buchs A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe electron impact induced fragmentation of trans cyclopentane‐1, 2‐diol has been investigated using derivatives specifically labelled with deuterium and high‐resolution mass spectral data. The elimination of the elements of water from the molecular ion involves at least three mechanisms whose relative importance has been evaluated. A fragmentation scheme based upon metastable peaks and labelling is presented.
Kinetik und Mechanismus einer Dis‐Azokupplung. 22. Mitteilung zur kenntnis der azokupplungsreaktion
Authors: Gloor B. , Zollinger H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of the second step in the formation of a dis‐azocompound from 4,4′‐bis‐diazobiphenyl (bisdiazotized benzidine) with 2‐naphthol‐3,6‐disulfonic acid have been investigated at 25°C, ionic strength I = 0.01 in aqueous buffers (pH 6.78 to 7.71). As expected the reaction is first order with respect to the naphtholdisulfonate (triple) anion, but astonishingly it has only an apparent order n = 0.65 with respect to the electrophilic reagent. This order is due to an aggregation equilibrium in which dimeric and oligomeric aggregates are formed whose electrophilicity is at least 50 times lower than that of the monomeric diazonium ion.
Substituted 9‐Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]‐ and 9‐Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (Part II)
Authors: Ganter C. , Duthaler R. O. , Zwahlen W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe preparation, isolation, structure determination, and some reactions of the two stereoisomers of 2‐iodo‐9‐oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (9 and 10) and of 2‐iodo‐9‐oxabicyclo[3.3.1]‐nonane (11 and 12), respectively, are described.Iodine cleavage of the [4.2.1]‐iodomercuri compound 3 yielded the iodides 9, 10, and 11, and iododemercuration of the [3.3.1]‐iodomercuri compound 6 afforded the iodo compounds 9, 11, and 12, respectively. Direct treatment of 4‐cycloocten‐1‐ol (1) with iodine in chloroform resulted in the exclusive formation of the two endo‐iodides 9 and 11.Raney nickel treatment as well as lithium aluminium hydride reduction of each índividual iodo compound 9, 10, 11, and 12 gave the corresponding unsubstituted 9‐oxabicyclononane (4 or 8, respectively) with the unaltered skeleton. No rearrangement products could be observed.An oxonium ion is involved as an intermediate in the reaction of the endo‐iodides 9 and 11 with silver acetate leading to an identical mixture of the two acetates 15 and 16 as well as in the isomerization of 9 to 11.
Mechanismus der Bildung und des Zerfalls von Amidkomplexen, II. Ni2+ und N, N′‐Diglycyl‐äthylendiamin bzw. N, N′‐Diglycyl‐1,3‐diaminopropan
Authors: Kaden Th. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of a two proton transfer between a blue octahedral and a yellow square planar nickel(II) complex with N, N′‐diglycylethylenediamine (I, n = 1) resp. N, N′‐diglycyl‐1, 3‐diaminopropane (I, n = 2) have been studied by spectrophotometry and pH‐stat technique. The structure of these complexes and the mechanism of their interconversion are discussed and their reactions are compared with the analogous reactions of the copper(II)‐N, N′‐diglycyl‐1, 3‐diamino‐propane complexes [1].
Sulfidkontraktion via alkylative Kupplung: Eine methode zur darstellung von β‐dicarbonylderivaten. Über synthetische methoden, 1. Mitteilung
Authors: Roth M. , Dubs P. , Götschi E. , Eschenmoser A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe experiments described in reaction schemes 1–12 indicate that sulfide contraction via alkylative coupling (see scheme p. 729) is a potentially general method for the synthesis of secondary vinylogous amides and enolizable β‐dicarbonyl compounds.
Photochemische Umwandlungen, 42 [1] Photoisomerisierungen im 5‐Isopropyliden‐tetracyclo‐[4.3.0.02,4.03,7]non‐8‐en‐System. Vorläufige mitteilung
Authors: Prinzbach H. , Auge W. , Basbudak M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDirect photochemical excitation of the tetracyclo[4.3.0.0.2,4.03,7]non‐8‐enes 7a–d leads to a mixture of the isomers 8a–d and 10a–d, with the former being the main products. On sensitization by acetone the formation of 10a–d is clearly favored. The cis‐bishomobenzenes 9a–d are the postulated intermediates. Spectral data and some thermal reactions are described.
A note on the theory of interatomic long‐range forces
Authors: Fukui Kenichi , Yamabe Tokio 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA comment is made on the multipolar expansion formula of the long‐range force between hydrogen atoms previously obtained. The second‐order perturbation energy neglecting exchange in the framework of the Unsöld approximation is evaluated exactly. An extension is made to helium atoms, and to other s‐electron interactions. An approximate method is suggested to estimate the interatomic force between two atoms in general.
Scaled AMO calculations on the hydrogen molecule. III. The 1s2s3∑ state
Authors: Brändas Erkki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe potential energy curve for the 1s2s 3∑ state of the hydrogen molecule is calculated in a scaled version of the AMO approximation. Deviations from a simple potential curve occur. The agreement with experimental data is found to be better for the present state than for the 1sσ2pσ 1∑ state studied in a previous paper.
Upper and lower bounds and the generalized variation‐perturbation approach of many‐electron theory
Authors: Goscinski Osvaldo , Sinanoǧlu Oktay 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe theory of upper and lower bounds is used in conjunction with the “varied‐portions approach” (VPA) of the “many‐electron theory of atoms and molecules” (MET). Upper and lower bounds equations are derived. It is recognized that if a very natural portion of the full variational expression is made stationary, according to (VPA), a for of Löwdin's lower bound wave equation results. By using the bracketing theorem it is also possible to give lower bounds to the quantities arising from the (VPA) of (MET). This will be useful to study in the future the (MET) pair correlations and to supplement the computational methods currently available with lower bound estimates as well.
Application of the extended method of calculation for atoms and ions having the electronic configurations 1s22s22pN
Authors: Jucys A. P. , Kaminskas V. A. , Kaveckis V. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe atoms and ions in the electronic configurations 1s22s22pN (N = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) are examined. N hydrogen‐like radial orbitals for 2p electrons were used. The calculated energies of the 2p shell are compared with those of the ordinary method and with experimental results. The intermultiplet separation ratios are considered as well.
The calculation of atomic associations using LISP
Authors: Schnupp P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPreuss's approximation formula for energy surfaces of multicentered molecules uses the “atomic associations” of the molecule to calculate certain constants. A LISP program was developed which calculates all atomic associations of a given molecule taking into consideration possible permutation degeneracy. As an example the atomic associations of methyl alcohol are listed. The largest molecule under study so far is ethyl alcohol. Its 289 different atomic associations were obtained in 3 min including compilation time. Not using the permutation degeneracy one would have had to consider 21147 atomic associations for this molecule, a task unfeasible from memory space and computing time limitations.
Long‐range coherence and energy storage in biological systems
Authors: Fröhlich H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBiological systems are expected to have a branch of longitudinal electric modes in a frequency region between 1011 and 1012 sec−1. They are based on the dipolar properties of cell membranes; of certain bonds recurring in giant molecules (such as H bonds) and possibly on pockets of non‐localized electrons. In Section 2 it is shown quit generally that if energy is supplied above a certain mean rate to such a branch, then a steady state will be reached in which a single mode of this branch is very strongly excited. The supplied energy is thus not completely thermalized but stored in a highly ordered fashion. This order expresses itself in long‐range phase correlations; the phenomenon has considerable similarity with the low‐temperature condensation of a Bose gas. General consequences and proposals of experiments are discussed in section 3.
Das SCF–MO–P(LCGO)‐Verfahren und seine Varianten
Authors: Preuss H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA modification of the SCF–MO–LCGO method is proposed in the form of a qualitative ab initio method. Naphthalene is treated as a test case; good agreement between calculated and experiemental results is obtained. The capabilities of the method for quantum‐chemical calculations are discussed.