bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Nasal Polyposis and Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery: Long‐Term Results, a 65‐Case Study
Authors: Dufour Xavier , Bedier Arnaud , Ferrie Jean‐Claude , Gohler Catherine , Klossek Jean‐Michel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective: To analyze the efficacy of a standardized surgical procedure in patients with nasal polyposis.Study Design: Prospective study of nonrandomized cases from a single institution.Methods: An inception cohort of 65 consecutive patients with nasal polyposis observed from January 1994 to December 1997. Presence of asthma, allergies, or aspirin intolerance, duration of nasal polyposis, previous surgery, and medical treatment were noted. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS), and a preoperative computed tomography scan was performed before the surgical procedure. At the end of the study, an evaluation was performed to collect all information concerning nasal symptoms, asthma conditions, quality of life, and patient's opinion about this type of surgery.Results: Sixty patients have completed the study. Polyposis was isolated in 29 patients (group A), asthma was present in 21 patients (group B), and aspirin intolerance in 10 patients (group C). Nasal obstruction (n = 53/60, 88.3%) and olfactory disturbances (n = 54/56, 96.4%) were the main preoperative complaints, according to the VAS, with a high degree of severity. No significant difference for nasal symptomatology was found between the three groups. Nasal obstruction and olfactory dysfunction was improved in 37 and 42 patients, respectively, without a statistical significance between the groups. A reduction of the antiasthmatic treatment was observed in 24 of 31 patients. A massive and anteriorly localized recurrence was noted in 3 and 19 patients, respectively.Conclusions: Endoscopic sphenoethmoidectomy is indicated for nasal polyposis refractory to intensive medical management with a good improvement of patient's quality of life.
PYCNOCOCCUS PROVASOLII GEN. ET SP. NOV., A COCCOID PRASINOXANTHIN‐CONTAINING PHYTOPLANKTER FROM THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC AND GULF OF MEXICO1
Authors: Guillard Robert R. L. , Keller Maureen D. , O'Kelly Charles J. , Floyd Gary L. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe new genus Pycnococcus Guillard is based on several clones from the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. The type and only described species, Pycnococcus provasolii Guillard, sp. nov., is typified by clone Ω48‐23 from the North Atlantic. Cells of Pycnococcus provasolii are solitary, spherical, 1.5–4.0 μm in diameter, have a resistant cell wall lacking sporopollenin, and have the ultrastructural characteristics of green algae. With the light microscope they are scarcely distinguishable from cells of other coccoid planktonic organisms. In pigmentation P. provasolii resembles Micromonas pusilla, Mantoniella squamata, and Mamiella gilva in having chl a, much chl b, Mg 2,4‐divinylphaeoporphyrin a5 monomethyl ester (presumably), and prasinoxanthin as a major xanthophyll. The pyrenoid of P. provasolii has a cytoplasmic channel, which is unique among species closely related to it. Flagellates, occurring rarely in culture, are similar to but distinguishable from known Pedinomonas species by size and shape. Pycnococcus provasolii is referred to the new family Pycnococcaceae Guillard, in the order Mamiellales of the class Micromonadophyceae (Chlorophyta). Clones of Pycnococcus provasolii are oceanic in nutritional characteristics, require only vitamin B12 in culture, and are well adapted to growth under blue or blue‐violet light of low intensity.
EFFECTS OF HERBIVORE SIZE AND HUNGER LEVEL ON PERIPHYTON COMMUNITIES1
Authors: Steinman Alan D. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe effects of herbivore size and hunger level were tested on lotic periphyton community structure and ash‐free dry mass (AFDM). My hypotheses were 1) that small herbivores would remove more periphyton per unit biomass than large herbivores of the same species because of energetic demands and 2) that within the same size class, starved herbivores would remove more periphyton than nonstarved herbivores. The herbivore used was the prosobranch snail Elimia clavaeformis Lea. Seven treatments were employed: 1) no snails (control); 2) small “starved” snails; 3) large “starved” snails; 4) small and large “starved” snails; 5) small fed snails; 6) large fed snails; and 7) small and large fed snails. Although snails removed significant amounts of periphyton AFDM relative to controls, neither snail size nor degree of starvation had a significant effect on loss of total AFDM. Small snails removed significantly more erect forms of Stigeoclonium tenue (C. A. Ag.) Kütz. than large snails, but snail size had no other significant effect. Starved snails removed significantly more Cocconeis placentula Ehr. than fed snails, suggesting that after the more susceptible growth forms (e.g. erect Stigeoclonium) were removed, Cocconeis cells became more vulnerable to grazing by hungry snails. When small and large snails were combined in chambers, large snails gained weight over time, whereas small snails lost weight. These results suggest that intraspecific competition may occur within populations of Elimia.
DIFFERENTIAL LOCALIZATION OF CARRAGEENAN GELLING SEQUENCES IN KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII VAR. TAMBALANG (RHODOPHYTA) WITH FITC‐CONJUGATED CARRAGEENAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES1
Authors: Zablackis Earl , Vreeland Valerie , Doboszewski Bogdan , Laetsch Watson M. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe ability of kappa (κ) and iota (ι) carrageenans to form gels is dependent upon the regular repeat of disaccharide units along the carbohydrate chain. Short, chemically‐ and enzymatically‐purified fragments of κ and ι carrageenan were conjugated to fluorescein and used as specific hybridization probes for localization of κ and ι carrageenan gelling sequences within the cells walls and intercellular matrices of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty. The probes label cell walls and intercellular matrices under ionic conditions appropriate for gelation of κ and ι carrageenans. The distribution of κ and ι carrageenans in the matrix and cell walls of K. alvarezii was determined with respect to cell type (epidermis, cortex, medulla, and central axis) and age. The κ‐probe labels the cell walls of all cell types except epidermal in both young and old tissues. In contrast, the ι‐probe labels the cell walls of the epidermis in both young and old tissue and the cell walls of the thylles only in old tissue. Both probes label intercellular matrix material; however, ι‐probe labelling is very much weaker than κ‐probe labelling. The results indicate that FITC‐conjugated carrageenan oligosaccharides are useful tools that provide information on gelling subunit distribution.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF A PUNCTATE SPECIES OF PYRAMIMONAS, P. MUCIFERA SP. NOV. (PRASINOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Sym Stuart D. , Pienaar Richard N. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTPyramimonas mucifera sp. nov., a punctate species of the genus, is unusual both behaviorally and at the fine structural level. It forms two distinct populations in culture, one benthic and one planktonic. Planktonic forms are more conventional for the genus, but benthic forms are found in loosely packed mucilage, have flagellar rather than ciliary beating of the flagella, and display a higher degree of metaboly. Ultrastructurally this species is unusual in that it has a unique scale complement and the cells contain numerous muciferous vesicles, leaving only small pockets of cytoplasm containing the usual organelles. This species has a 3–1 type flagellar apparatus but has an additional fibrillar band, a 4–3‐2–3 microtubular root system and a flexible synistosome.The discovery of a mucilage‐producing species of Pyramimonas draws attention to possible links with other prasinophytes (Halosphaera) and green algae of questionable affiliation (Oltmannsiellopsis and Hafniomonas). It also provides a model of the primitive pyramimonad.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GALLS ON THE RED ALGA GRACILARIA EPIHIPPISORA1
Authors: Apt Kirk E. , Gibor Aharon 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTA strain of Gracilaria epihippisora Hoyle produces gall‐like cell proliferations in culture. These growths can be excised and grown separately, where they retain an undifferentiated morphology and reach 5mm in diameter. The gall tissue consists of a single morphological cell type without any differentiation between surface and internal cells as is characteristic of normal thallus tissue. Gall cells are typically 20–40 μm in diameter and contain the usual complement of organelles and a prominent vacuole, although there are several distinct features. The large multilobed plastids have an extensive proliferation of thylakoid membranes, which form an arrangement of loops and spirals. The thallus outer cell wall layer is highly reduced. The gall growths contain intracellular virus‐like particles (ca. 80 nm in diameter) that occur in discrete groups.
A NEW PHYLOGENY FOR CHROMOPHYTE ALGAE USING 16S‐LIKE RRNA SEQUENCES FROMMALLOMONAS PAPILLOSA(SYNUROPHYCEAE) ANDTRIBONEMA AEQUALE(XANTHOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Ariztia Edgardo V. , Andersen Robert A. , Sogin Mitchell L. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe 16S‐like ribosomal RNA genes fromMallomonas papillosaHarris et Bradley (Synurophyceae) andTribonema aequalePascher (Xanthophyceae) were sequenced and compared to those of other eukaryotes.Mallomonasis closely related toOchromonas(Chrysophyceae) and supports the general hypothesis of a close phylogenetic relationship between the Synurophyceae and Chrysophyceae.Tribonemais specifically related toCostaria costata(C. A. Agardh) Saunders (Phaeophyceae) demonstrating an unexpected phylogenetic relationship between the Xanthophyceae and Phaeophyceae. Distance and parsimony analysis place these four chromophyte genera in a complex evolutionary assemblage that includes the Bacillariophyceae and Oomycetes but excludes the Dinophyceae. The close relationship between the chromophyte algae and the Öomycete fungi supports the hypothesis that protists with tripartite hairs form a natural assemblage.
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION OF LUCIFERIN‐BINDING PROTEIN ANTI‐SENSE RNA TO THIN SECTIONS OF THE BIOLUMINESCENT DINOFLAGELLATE GONYAULAX POLYEDRA1
Authors: Fritz Lawrence , Milos Patrice , Morse David , Hastings J. Woodland 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTRadiolabeled RNA transcripts from a cDNA clone of Gonyaulax polyedra Stein luciferin‐binding protein (a protein involved in bioluminescence and which increases intracellularly at night) were synthesized in an in vitro transcription assay and hybridized to fixed, thin sections of Gonyaulax cells in both day and night phases. When visualized under dark‐field microscopy, probes, which were complementary in sequence (anti‐sense probes) to the luciferin‐binding protein mRNA, bound to cell sections and revealed a dense, even distribution of photographic silver grains over the cytoplasm, with more intense labeling in night phase cells. Control probes, consisting of the identical sequence as the cellular mRNA (sense probe), revealed little specific labeling in day and night cells. This suggests that cellular levels of luciferin‐binding protein mRNA are higher in night phase cells, which is in contrast to recent biochemical findings that the mRNA levels are constant throughout the day and night. This new data is compared with the previous work, and the utility and limitations of the in situ hybridization technique in analyzing message distribution and abundance is discussed.
ENDOPHYTIC ALGAE OFCHONDRUS CRISPUS(RHODOPHYTA). III. HOST SPECIFICITY1
Authors: Correa Juan A. , McLachlan J. L. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTSusceptibility of rhodophycean macroalgae to infection by the green endophytes,Acrochaete operculataCorrea & Nielsen andA. heterocladaCorrect & Nielsen was studied. Cross‐infection experiments showed thatA. operculatais host specific and developed only in sporophytic fronds ofChondrus crispusStackh. andIridaea cordata(Turn.) Bory. AlthoughA. operculatapenetrated equally the multilamellar outer cell wall of sporophytic and gametophytic fronds ofC. crispus,subsequent development was arrested in the gametophytic fronds. Susceptibility of the sporophytic phase ofC. crispuswas detected early in the development of the host, at a discoid stage that is structurally distinct from the adult fronds. The evidence strongly suggests that host specificity inA. operculatais determined by cell‐wall composition of the hosts, likely the carrageenan fraction. In contrast,A. heterocladawas not host specific, infecting all offered hosts, including carrageenophytes and agarophytes. Germination occurred on the surface of the hosts and led to the development of an epiphytic stage. Subsequent penetration in many cases involved total displacement of cortical tissue in the infected frond.
DISJUNCT DISTRIBUTION OF THE XANTHOPHYLL LOROXANTHIN IN THE GREEN ALGAE (CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Fawley Marvin W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThirty‐five green algal species, representing 17 orders in 5 classes, were examined for the presence of the xanthophyll loroxanthin by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Of these, 16 possessed loroxanthin, including at least one member of each class of green algae. The distribution of loroxanthin as established by this and previous studies is disjunct within the Chlorophyta and does not appear to have any taxonomic significance. Most of the green algae examined possessed one or more xanthophyll pigments that have not been found in land plants.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HERITABLE CHANGES IN CYCLIC AMP LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN FLAGELLAR FORMATION IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII (CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Jayaswal R. K. , Handa Avtar K. , Bressan Ray A. , Cherniack Judith , Filner Philip 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTSynchronously dividing cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. (Chlorophyta) produce a single peak of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), about sevenfold above the basal level, at the time of onset of the flagellar shortening that precedes mitosis. Cultures of a spontaneous palmelloid variant (which forms flagella‐less cell clusters) of C. reinhardtii produce up to 15 times more cAMP per gram fresh weight of cells than do cultures of normal C. reinhardtii. Revertants from the palmelloid phenotype to the normal phenotype exhibit the low levels of cAMP characteristic of normal C. reinhardtii. Thus, elevation of cAMP level and decreased ability to form or maintain flagella are closely related phenomena. We propose that flagellar assembly/disassembly is regulated by endogenous cAMP in C. reinhardtii.
VARIATION IN NUMBER OF APICAL RAMIFICATIONS AND VEGETATIVE CELL LENGTH IN FRESHWATER POPULATIONS OF CLADOPHORA (ULVOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Parodi Elisa R. , Cáceres Eduardo J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTPopulations of Cladophora with two different levels of ploidy, n = 18/2n = 36 (18/36) and n = 24/2n = 48 (24/48), are present in creeks in the southern part of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The goals of our study were to 1) relate the number of apical branches · mm−2 in 18/36 and 24/48 populations with the water velocity at the collection site; 2) correlate the number of apical ramifications · mm−2 in plants of the same population (24/48) growing in sectors with distinct water velocities; 3) compare cell length among populations with different ploidy levels, analyzing the sources of variation in different sectors of the same creek and in different plants of the same sector; and 4) analyze the sources of variation in cell length in 24/48 populations, including variations among different creeks.Our results suggest that 1) the number of branches · mm−2 tends to increase with higher water velocity; 2) the 24/48 populations have more ramifications · mm−2 than the 18/36 ones; 3) the length of vegetative cells is not an adequate criterion for differentiating between 18/36 and 24/48 populations; and 4) variations in vegetative cell length in 24/48 populations are highly significant among plants from different sectors of the same creek.
A METHOD FOR OBTAINING AXENIC ALGAL CULTURES USING THE ANTIBIOTIC CEFOTAXIME WITH EMPHASIS ON CLADOPHOROPSIS MEMBRANACEA (CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Kooistra Wiebe H. C. F. , Boele‐Bos Stella A. , Stam Wytze T. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTAxenic cultures of the tropical green seaweed Cladophoropsis membranacea (C. Agardh) Boergesen were obtained by cutting 2‐mm apical tips from fast‐growing unialgal filaments and incubating them in 1/2PES containing 100 μg · mL−1 cefotaxime. After 1 week, apical tips were cut from the newly grown plantlets, washed through a series of sterile drops of seawater, and incubated in sterile 1/2PES. Plantlets were screened for the presence of bacteria by incubating droplets of the culture medium on peptone agar plates and by examining DAPI‐stained filaments. Ninety to one hundred percent of the plantlets obtained with this treatment were axenic. Cefotaxime was also effective against cyanobacteria but of only limited value in rhodophytes.
FORMATION OF NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE MONOSACCHARIDES (NDP‐SUGARS) BY THE AGAROPHYTE PTEROCLADIA CAPILLACEA (RHODOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Manley Steven L. , Burns Deborah J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe following nucleoside diphosphate monosaccharides (sugar nucleotides) were identified by HPLC from Pterocladia capillacea Born and Thur.: ADP‐glucose, UDP‐glucose, UDP‐d‐galactose, and GDP‐glucose + mannose. GDP‐l‐galactose was not identified due to the lack of a standard. Several extraction methods were evaluated for their efficacy. A freeze/ thaw (liquid N2) step fallowed by formic acid (1 M) extraction, reduced pressure evaporation, and solubilization in water was the preferred method. Differences in media nitrate that resulted in different tissue‐N levels (1.8, 2.3, and 3.5% dry wt) and agar yields (34, 31, and 28% dry wt, respectively) also resulted in a marked difference in UDP‐d‐galactose and ADP‐glucose tissue levels (decrease with increasing tissue‐N) while the levels of the other sugar nucleotide agar precursors remained unchanged. Activities of UDP‐glucose, GDP‐glucose, and GDP‐mannose pyrophosphorylases, and UDP‐D‐glucose‐4‐epimerase were detected in cell‐free extracts using unlabeled and 14C‐labeled substrates. This study‐strongly supports the proposition that the d‐galactose component of agar is synthesized via G‐1‐P → UDP‐glucose→ UDP‐d‐galactose and that, the l‐galactoae component is produced via mannose‐1‐P → GDP‐mannose → GDP‐l‐galactose.
MFB‐1, an F‐box‐type ubiquitin ligase, regulates TGF‐β signalling
Authors: Aoyama Yukako , Urushiyama Seiichi , Yamada Misato , Kato Chikako , Ide Hiroko , Higuchi Satoshi , Akiyama Tetsu , Shibuya Hiroshi 
Published: October 2004

TGF‐β signalling regulates cell growth, differentiation, morphogenesis and apoptosis. MAFbx/Atrogin‐1 has been identified as a regulator for skeletal muscle atrophy and encodes an F‐box‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase. However, little is known about how MAFbx/Atrogin‐1 regulates cellular signalling. Here, we identify and genetically characterize MFB‐1, a MAFbx/Atrogin‐1 homologue fromCaenorhabditis elegans. Themfb‐1deletion mutant significantly enhanced the dauer constitutive (Daf‐c) phenotype caused by mutations in the DAF‐7/TGF‐β‐like signalling pathway, but not the DAF‐2/insulin receptor‐like signalling pathway. Conversely, the Daf‐c phenotypes of DAF‐7 pathway mutants were partially suppressed bymfb‐1cDNA transgenes. Therefore, MFB‐1 acts genetically downstream in the DAF‐7 pathway. A mfb‐1::GFP fusion was found to be expressed in the nervous system, hypodermis and intestine and overlapped expression of many DAF‐7 pathway genes. We propose that MFB‐1 is a novel F‐box protein that negatively regulates dauer formation in concert with the DAF‐7 signalling pathway inC. elegans.
Internucleosomal DNA cleavage in apoptotic WEHI 231 cells is mediated by a chymotrypsin‐like protease
Authors: Murn Jernej , Urleb Uros , Mlinaric‐Rascan Irena 
Published: October 2004

Although several lines of evidence support a role for serine proteases in apoptosis, little is known about the mechanisms involved. In the present study, we have examined the apoptosis‐inducing potential and dissected the death‐signalling pathways of N‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and N‐tosyl‐L‐lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), inhibitors of chymotrypsin‐ and trypsin‐like proteases, respectively. Our results designate two distinct roles for serine proteases. Firstly, we show that both inhibitors induce biochemical and morphological characteristics of apoptosis, including proteolysis of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP‐1) and inhibitor of caspase‐activated DNase (ICAD), as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, and that their action is abrogated by the caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl‐Val‐Ala‐Asp.fluoromethylketone (z‐VAD.fmk). These results suggest that inhibition of anti‐apoptotic serine proteases governs the onset of the caspase‐dependant apoptotic cascade. Secondly, we also demonstrate the involvement of a serine protease in the terminal stage of apoptosis. We showed that chymotrypsin‐like protease activity is required for internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cells. Hence, DNA fragmentation is abrogated in TPCK‐pre‐treated WEHI 231 cells undergoing apoptosis triggered either by anti‐IgM or TLCK. These results indicate that internucleosomal DNA cleavage in apoptotic cells is mediated by a chymotrypsin‐like protease.
Late relapse of stage I testicular seminoma metastatic to just a para‐ureteropelvic region
Authors: TADOKORO MANABU , MASUDA HITOSHI , FUJII YASUHISA , KOBAYASHI TSUYOSHI , KAGEYAMA YUKIO , KIHARA KAZUNORI 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA follow‐up ultrasonography study 43 months after an operation for left stage I testicular seminoma in a 39‐year‐old man revealed left hydronephrosis. Serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) levels were slightly increased. Computed tomography scans of the abdomen showed a bulky tumor around the ureteropelvic region without para‐aortic lymph node enlargement, but did not show a clear distinction between a recurrence of the testicular tumor and an invasive ureteral tumor. After the patient underwent two cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide, the tumor mass decreased by approximately 60% and β‐hCG levels returned to normal. We then performed a resection of the residual tumor involving the upper ureter and left kidney and a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection under a clinical diagnosis of recurrence of the testicular tumor. Histologically, no viable cancer cells remained. The patient has been well with no evidence of recurrence for more than two years.
Intravesical mass consisting of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue
Authors: SUZUKI TSUNEKI , MATSUMURA TSUYOSHI , ITO ICHIRO 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report on a patient with an intravesical mass consisting of hyperplastic follicles in mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue. Computed tomography and ultrasonography revealed two intravesical masses measuring 3.5 cm and 1.5 cm along the long axis. Imaging diagnosis was invasive tumors of the bladder. However, the pathological diagnosis on transurethral bladder tumor biopsy was a lesion in lamina propria consisting of hyperplastic follicles and lymphatic infiltrate between them with no cell atypia. Light microscopically, the lesion was considered to be reactive follicular hyperplasia. Antibiotic therapy resulted in an almost complete disappearance of the tumors. Such large follicular hyperplasia in the lamina propria of the bladder is rare.