bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Accidental Falls in the Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A 14-Year Retrospective Study and Review
Authors: Liao Yumei , Zhang Li , Peng Yanmei , Huang Huie , Luo Yuanchang , Gan Jinling , Dong Lina , He Yan , Gao Min , Yang Guang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccidental falls pose a high-risk that should not be overlooked in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as they can result in significant injury or even fatality. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CKD patients with fall injuries during hospitalization, discuss potential mechanisms, and to provide an overview of existing prevention methods.MethodsFalls of all patients in our Nephrology ward from 2009 to 2022 were recorded and counted. 48 patients were enrolled. Patient characteristics, injury distribution, cause of fall injury, relevant blood biochemical indicators, and recovery conditions were counted.ResultsThere were 22,053 hospitalized patients during the study period, with a fall rate of approximately 0.218%. Patients are prone to involuntary falls due to muscle weakness and confusion during nighttime and early morning activities. Injuries are mainly to the head and there is a risk of serious injury and fracture. CKD is associated with anemia, hypertension, water-electrolytes imbalance and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Blood tests showed that patients commonly had anemia, malnutrition, low immunity, as well as abnormal muscle and neuromodulatory ion levels, such as low calcium, low potassium and high phosphorus. Moreover, Patients usually have low blood pressure control ability.ConclusionLong-term CKD may lead to subjective dysfunction and motor dysfunction by inducing anemia, malnutrition, water-electrolytes imbalance, and blood pressure control ability, thus making patients prone to falls. This study has important implications for hospital ward safety management and fall prevention in CKD patients.
Heme’s relevance genuine? Re-visiting the roles of TANGO2 homologs including HRG-9 and HRG-10 inC. elegans
Authors: Sandkuhler Sarah E. , Youngs Kayla S. , Owlett Laura , Bandora Monica B. , Naaz Aaliya , Kim Euri S. , Wang Lili , Wojtovich Andrew P. , Gupta Vandana A. , Sacher Michael , Mackenzie Samuel J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMutations in theTANGO2gene cause severe illness in humans, including life-threatening metabolic crises. However, the function of TANGO2 protein remains unknown. UsingCaenorhabditis elegansand other models, it has recently been proposed that TANGO2 transports heme within and between cells, from areas with high heme concentrations to those with lower concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that heme-related observations in nematodes may be better explained by a previously unreported metabolic phenotype in these worms, characterized by reduced feeding, decreased lifespan and brood sizes, and poor motility. We also show that several genes not implicated in heme transport are upregulated in the low heme state and conversely demonstrate thathrg-9in particular is highly responsive to oxidative stress, independent of heme status. Collectively, these data implicate bioenergetic failure and oxidative stress as key factors in the pathophysiology of TANGO2 deficiency, in alignment with observations from human patients. Our group performed several experiments in yeast and zebrafish deficient in TANGO2 homologs and was unable to replicate prior findings from these models. Overall, we believe there is insufficient evidence to support heme transport as the primary function for TANGO2.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the early immune response in the lymph nodes ofBorrelia burgdorferi-infected mice
Authors: Rinne Varpu , Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela Kirsi , Fair-Mäkelä Ruth , Salmi Marko , Rantakari Pia , Lönnberg Tapio , Alinikula Jukka , Pietikäinen Annukka , Hytönen Jukka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLyme borreliosis is a disease caused byBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato bacteria.Borrelia burgdorferiis known to induce prolonged extrafollicular immune responses and abnormal germinal center formation. However, the mechanism behind this is poorly understood. The extrafollicular response is characterized by strong plasmablast induction and by an IgM, IgG3, and IgG2b dominant antibody production. These antibodies do not generate a neutralizing type of immunity, and the bacteria eventually establish a persistent infection. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the immune landscape of lymph node lymphocytes in the earlyBorrelia burgdorferiinfection in a murine model.Our results indicate that four days afterBorrelia burgdorferiinfection, a notable B cell proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching to IgG3 and IgG2b isotypes, and plasma cell differentiation are induced, all of which are hallmarks of the extrafollicular immune response. In addition, we found infection-derived upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signalling genesSocs1andSocs3,and downregulation of genes involved in MHC II antigen presentation in B cells.Our results support the central role of B cells in the immune response of aBorrelia burgdorferiinfection, and provide cues of mechanisms behind the determination between extrafollicular and germinal center responses duringBorrelia burgdorferiinfection.
Dissecting Key Multivalent Processes in Glycosidase Inhibition: Insights from Thermodynamic Modelling and Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Spichty Martin , Liang Yan , Schettini Rosaria , Izzo Irene , Bodlenner Anne , Compain Philippe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultivalency represents a powerful approach to increase the inhibition potency of moderate glycosidase inhibitors. Regarding the key role of catalytic glycoside hydrolysis in biology, understanding the molecular mechanisms and origin of the multivalent inhibitory effect is of great interest and presents a fascinating playground for theoretical studies. Our teams have recently dissected key processes of multivalent glycosidase inhibition through the use of different neoglycoclusters based on deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) inhitopes and a cyclopeptoid scaffold. This companion article details the theoretical aspects of this former study. A thermodynamic model is developed and validated, compared to literature, and extended to account for particularities of the charged DNJ inhitopes.
Distinct dynamics and proximity networks of hub proteins at the prey-invading cell pole in a predatory bacterium
Authors: Remy Ophélie , Santin Yoann , Jonckheere Veronique , Tesseur Coralie , Kaljević Jovana , Damme Petra Van , Laloux Géraldine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn bacteria, cell poles function as subcellular compartments where proteins localize during specific lifecycle stages, orchestrated by polar “hub” proteins. Whereas most described bacteria inherit an “old” pole from the mother cell and a “new” pole from cell division, polarizing cells at birth, non-binary division poses challenges for establishing cell polarity, particularly for daughter cells inheriting only new poles. We investigated polarity dynamics in the obligate predatory bacteriumBdellovibrio bacteriovorus, proliferating through filamentous growth followed by non-binary division within prey bacteria. Monitoring the subcellular localization of two proteins known as polar hubs in other species, RomR and DivIVA, revealed RomR as an early polarity marker inB. bacteriovorus. RomR already marks the future anterior poles of the progeny during the predator’s growth phase, in a define time window closely following the onset of divisome assembly and the end of chromosome segregation. In contrast to RomR’s stable unipolar localization in the progeny, DivIVA exhibits a dynamic pole-to-pole localization. This behaviour changes shortly before division of the elongated predator cell, where DivIVA accumulates at all septa and both poles.In vivoprotein interaction networks for DivIVA and RomR, mapped through endogenous miniTurbo-based proximity labeling, further underscore their distinct roles in cell polarization and the importance of the anterior “invasive” cell pole in prey-predator interactions. Our work emphasizes the strict spatiotemporal coordination of cellular processes underlyingB. bacteriovorusproliferation, offering insights into the subcellular organization of bacteria with filamentous growth and non-binary division.
PP2A-B55α,δ phosphatase counteracts Ki67-dependent chromosome individualization during mitosis
Authors: Sanz-Flores María , Ruiz-Torres Miguel , Aguirre-Portolés Cristina , Bakkali Aicha El , Salvador-Barberó Beatriz , Villarroya-Beltri Carolina , Ortega Sagrario , Megías Diego , Gerlich Daniel W. , Álvarez-Fernández Mónica , Malumbres Marcos 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTCell cycle progression is regulated by the orderly balance between kinase and phosphatase activities. PP2A phosphatase holoenzymes containing the B55 family of regulatory B subunits (PP2A-B55) function as major CDK1-counteracting phosphatases during mitotic exit in mammals. However, the identification of the specific mitotic roles of these PP2A-B55 complexes has been hindered by the existence of multiple B55 isoforms. Here, through the generation of loss-of-function genetic mouse models for the two ubiquitous B55 isoforms (B55α and B55δ), we report that PP2A-B55 α/δ complexes display overlapping roles in controlling the dynamics of proper chromosome individualization and clustering during mitosis. In the absence of PP2A-B55α/δ activity, mitotic cells display increased chromosome individualization in the presence of enhanced phosphorylation and perichromosomal loading of Ki-67. These data provide experimental evidence for a new regulatory mechanism by which the balance between kinase and PP2A-B55 phosphatase activity controls the Ki-67-mediated spatial organization of the mass of chromosomes during mitosis.
Cohesin chromatin loop formation by an extrinsic motor
Authors: Guérin Thomas M. , Barrington Christopher , Pobegalov Georgii , Molodtsov Maxim I. , Uhlmann Frank 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ring-shaped cohesin complex topologically entraps two DNAs to establish sister chromatid cohesion1–3. Cohesin also shapes the interphase chromatin landscape with wide-ranging implications for gene regulation4–7, which cohesin is thought to achieve by actively extruding DNA loops without topologically entrapping DNA8–11. The ‘loop extrusion’ hypothesis finds motivation fromin vitroobservations12–14– whether this process underliesin vivochromatin loop formation remains untested. Here, using the budding yeastS. cerevisiae, we generate cohesin variants that have lost their ability to extrude DNA loops but retain their ability to topologically entrap DNA. Analysis of these variants suggests thatin vivochromatin loops form independently of loop extrusion. Instead, we find that transcription promotes loop formation, as well as acts as an extrinsic motor that expands these loops and defines their ultimate positions. Our results necessitate a re-evaluation of the loop extrusion model and point to an alternative mechanism for cohesin-dependent chromatin organisation. We propose that cohesin, akin to sister chromatid cohesion establishment at replication forks, forms chromatin loops by DNA-DNA capture at places of transcription, thus unifying cohesin’s two roles in chromosome segregation and interphase genome organisation.
BNIP3 as a new tool to promote healthy brain aging
Authors: Neikirk Kit , Marshall Andrea G. , Santisteban Monica M. , Hinton Antentor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe article “Neuronal induction of BNIP3‐mediated mitophagy slows systemic aging in Drosophila” reveals BCL2‐interacting protein 3 as a therapeutic target to counteract brain aging and prolong overall organismal health with age. In this spotlight, we consider the roles of BNIP3, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, in the adult nervous system, including its induction of mitophagy and prevention of dysfunctional mitochondria in the aged brain. Implications for other tissue types to reduce the burden of aging are further considered.
The gender composition of the members of the editorial board of toxicology journals: Assessment of gender equality
Authors: Hancı Volkan , Yakar Mehmet Nuri , Shermatov Nurgazy , Kara Fevzi , İbişoğlu Emel , Oltulu Merve , Köşker Rıza Kaan , Bilge Duygu , Geylani Batuhan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn many areas of medicine, gender equality has not yet been fully adopted despite recent developments. The inequality of gender in various areas of medicine is still debated. In this study, we analysed the gender composition of the editorial boards of toxicology journals in the Science Citation Index‐Expanded (SCI‐E) databases and the factors affecting this composition.The genders of the participants were determined by the data obtained from the official websites of the journals in September 2023. We analysed the journal metrics and publisher properties using Mann–Whitney U, Fisher's exact, Chi‐square tests and Spearman's correlation coefficient. We used logistic regression analysis to reveal the independent factors related to gender parity. The representation rates of women were 28.62% on all editorial boards and 23.33% in editor‐in‐chief positions. The ‘Neuroscience’ (OR, 2.46 95%CI, 1.68–3.60, p < 0.001), ‘Reproductive Biology’(OR, 2.05 95%CI, 1.22–3.42, p = 0.006) and ‘Public, Environmental & Occupational Health’(OR, 1.49 95%CI, 1.18–1.88, p = 0.001) as a coverage category, the United States as a journal country (OR, 1.21, 95%CI, 1.04–1.40, p = 0.001), 5‐year‐IF≥3.6(OR, 1.54, 95%CI, 1.27–1.86, p < 0.001), 5‐year H index≥29 (OR, 1.23, 95%CI, 1.01–1.49, p = 0.037) were the independent factors for gender parity. However, ‘Oncology’ (OR, 0.08 95%CI, 0.01–0.55, p = 0.011), ‘Biochemistry, Molecular Biology’ (OR, 0.62 95%CI, 0.44–0.86, p = 0.005) and ‘Pharmacology & Pharmacy’ (OR, 0.69 95%CI, 0.59–0.82, p < 0.001) as a coverage category, Japan as a publisher country (OR, 0.52 95%CI, 0.35–0.77, p = 0.001), and Switzerland as a journal country (OR, 0.61, 95%CI, 0.46–0.81, p = 0.001) were related to gender disparity. Greater endeavours are needed to reduce gender discrimination in toxicology. Toxicology authorities should continuously improve existing policies by optimising the analysis of objective information to eliminate barriers for toxicologists in terms of gender equality.
The use of prednisolone during Ramadan fasting in patients with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Hee Nicholas Ken Yoong , Lim Quan Hziung , Paramasivam Sharmila , Lim Lee Ling , Vethakkan Shireene , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Ratnasingam Jeyakantha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveOnce daily prednisolone taken at predawn has been proposed to be the glucocorticoid replacement of choice in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) who intend to fast for the month of Ramadan. However, the effects of prednisolone on metabolic parameters and quality of life during fasting for Ramadan are unknown.Design, Patients and MeasurementsPatients with AI on twice‐daily hydrocortisone, who had low or moderate risk and intended to fast, were recruited. Patients were converted to prednisolone 5 mg once daily taken at sahur (predawn) and Ramadan education given. Weight, sleep duration, biochemical parameters and quality of life measures (SF‐36 questionnaire) were analysed at the end of Ramadan and compared against baseline.ResultsTwenty patients (13 men) were recruited, with a mean age of 59.9 ± 15.0 years. All patients were on hydrocortisone 15 mg daily (in divided doses) as pre‐Ramadan glucocorticoid replacement. Half had type 2 diabetes with low IDF‐DAR risk. Eighty‐five percent of patients completed the full 29 days of fasting with no complications. There was a significant reduction in weight (−1.1 ± 1.6 kg, p = .005), with no significant change in blood pressure or sleep duration. There was a significant increase in urea (0.80 ± 1.1 mmol/L, p = .005) and haematocrit, (0.011 ± 0.019 L/L, p = .019) and decrease in serum sodium (−1.6 ± 3.0 mmol/L, p = .028), with no change in serum creatinine or liver function. Quality of life measures were preserved in all domains with significant improvement in role limitation due to physical health (15.3 ± 21.6, p = .005) and bodily pain (8.8 ± 16.3, p = .031).ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that converting patients with AI who are fasting for Ramadan from twice‐daily hydrocortisone to prednisolone 5 mg daily at sahur was safe, with no major short‐term adverse effects. Despite the higher equivalent glucocorticoid doses, patients experienced weight loss and no clinically significant change in blood pressure, sleep, biochemical parameters or quality of life. This study paves the way to trial even lower doses of prednisolone once daily in patients fasting for Ramadan with AI.
Reimaging activism to save the planet: Using transdisciplinary and participatory methodologies to support collective youth action
Authors: Jones Lisa , Parsons Katie J. , Halstead Florence , Wolstenholme Joshua M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article offers new insights into the important role that transdisciplinary, participatory action research approaches offer young people as a safe space to ‘act’ on climate change and environmental degradation. Drawing upon methodological meta‐reflections on three separate, but interlinked, projects (two UK‐based, one in Vietnam), we highlight an evolving approach that fuses knowledge, local context and emotional connection to engage action. We argue that these innovative approaches facilitate the empowerment of young people to co‐create and lead solutions, adaptations and mitigations that can make a significant impact on the climate and biodiversity crises whilst influencing policymakers and inspiring collaborative change‐making.
Telemedicine during the COVID‐19 epidemic improves outcomes in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: A 1206 visits retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Ji , Du Xiaonan , Yu Lifei , Zhou Yuanfeng , Zhou Shuizhen , Wang Yi , Ding Yifeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the benefits of telemedicine in children with tuberous sclerosis complex during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, comparing telemedicine and in‐person visits within the timeframe spanning from June 1, 2021, to June 1, 2022. Disparities in demographics, emergency visits, hospitalizations, adverse effects (AEs) associated with sirolimus, and the incidence of drug‐refractory epilepsy (DRE) between telehealth and in‐person care were assessed. Additionally, distinctions between audio and video telehealth, as well as varying frequencies of telehealth encounters, were investigated and reported as odds ratios (ORs).ResultsA total of 378 patients with 1206 visits were included, of which 137 were telemedicine patients and 241 were in‐person patients. The median age was 5.0 years (IQR 2.8–10.0 years). There were 197 males (52.12%), 691 in‐person visits (57.30%), and 515 telemedicine visits (42.70%). Children under 12 years old, those farther away from the center, mothers with more than 12 years of education, and children treated with sirolimus were more likely to visit via telemedicine. Telehealth was associated with significantly fewer emergency visits, hospitalizations, AEs of sirolimus, and DRE. With 10 or more visits, the incidence of emergency visits, hospitalization, and DRE was significantly reduced.ConclusionTelemedicine visits are almost as close in number as in‐person visits. Younger patients, patients in remote areas, and mothers with higher education levels are more willing to complete telemedicine visits. Telemedicine visits were associated with a significantly lower number of emergency visits, hospitalizations, and AEs of sirolimus. Patients with more than 10 visits per year seemed to have better clinical outcomes.
Maintaining traditional values and looking for novel uses assure equines' survival as a species
Authors: Desta Takele Taye 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundRoutine tasks performed by equids have been taken over by motorised transportation and agricultural mechanisation services, and both are rapidly expanding in developing nations. For instance, in developing nations, the length of all‐season roads annually has increased by 0.2% and the number of vehicles by 15% to 17%. Consequently, rural agriculture no longer regularly recruits equines.ObjectivesStrategies need to be developed to safeguard the use values of equids to guarantee their crucial role in the daily lives of rural people.Study designThe report has compiled the findings of field‐based exploratory qualitative study.MethodsThis study involved in‐depth interviews of 10 knowledgeable informants and analysed FAOSTAT historical dataset to assess the population status of equids.ResultsTo encourage people to use equids for companionship and recreational purposes, the hobbies of equine farming need to be promoted in both urban and rural areas. Equestrian riding and racing can be beneficial for festivals and sociocultural events, like weddings, funerals and competitions. It is illogical to disregard the transportation, ploughing and crop harvesting roles of equids. It is worthwhile to include donkeys and mules in the well‐established sports of horseracing and riding. Bovines can produce high‐quality carcasses when equids are used as work animals. Equine manure is rich in nutrients compared with ruminant manure. Equid meat is occasionally consumed and exported. Equid hides can be used to produce leather goods and parchments. It is essential to investigate the medicinal value of equine products. By clipping hair from horses' tails and manes, handicraft people can make whiskers and cords of musical instruments. Equids are highly sought‐after in landscape management and scientific studies. In rangelands, horses can assist in monitoring grazing and browsing livestock. In open urban public spaces and rural areas, equines can graze on communal grazing lands as stray animals and a population of feral animals may eventually emerge.Main limitationsThis is an exploratory qualitative study and it needs to be supported by extensive studies involving formal surveys.ConclusionTo ensure the continued existence of equids, it is worthwhile to explore the derived use values, enhance the existing ones and alleviate their major production constraints.