bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal lymphoma in cats: 21 cases (1976-1989)
Authors: Spodnick Gary J. , Berg John , Moore Frances M. , Cotter Susan M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 21 cats with spinal lymphoma were reviewed. All cats were evaluated for neurologic deficits, although 85% of cats necropsied had multicentric disease. Eighty-one percent of cats had hind limb paresis. Results of FeLV tests were positive in 84.2% (16/19) of the cats, and 68.7% (11/16) of the cats had leukemic bone marrow. Spinal lymphoma was confirmed by necropsy in 13 cats, by examination of a biopsy specimen in 1 cat, and by examination of cells aspirated from an epidural lesion in 2 cats. In the remaining 5 cats, a presumptive diagnosis was made on the basis of neurologic examination findings, positive FeLV test results, and leukemic bone marrow.
Nine cats were treated with chemotherapy alone. The complete remission rate was 50% in 6 cats given cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. The median duration of complete remission was 14 weeks. Complete remissions were not observed in 3 cats given only corticosteroids. A single cat treated by laminectomy and postoperative chemotherapy had a prolonged remission (62 weeks).
At necropsy, lymphoma of the cns was limited to the vertebral canal in 10 of 13 cats; 2 cats had malignant tissue in the brain and vertebral canal, and in the remaining cat, the tumor extended into the brachial plexus. Most tumors extended over multiple vertebral bodies, and 4 cats had more than 1 level of spinal cord involvement. The lymphoma was high-grade lymphoblastic or immunoblastic type in all cats.
Comparison of serum cortisol concentration before and after intradermal testing in sedated and nonsedated dogs
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Kunkle Gail A. , Beale Karin M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Serum cortisol concentration was evaluated in 71 dogs before and after a stressful procedure was performed. Thirty dogs were skin tested with sedation (group S), 21 dogs were skin tested without sedation (group NS), and 20 dogs had other dermatologic procedures performed (group C). Group-S dogs had significant (P < 0.001) decrease in serum cortisol concentration after skin testing, compared with baseline values. In contrast, dogs of groups NS and C had significant (P < 0.001) increase in poststress serum cortisol concentration. Mean cortisol concentration after stress was significantly lower for dogs of group S, compared with that for dogs of the other 2 groups.
The second part of the analysis consisted of determining the number of false-negative skin test results for dogs of groups S and NS and comparing these with serum cortisol concentration. Difference in the number of suspected atopic dogs with negative skin test results (false-negative) was not evident between groups S and NS. Also, difference was not apparent between cortisol concentration in dogs that had positive or false-negative skin test results in either group. This finding indicates that high serum cortisol concentration does not affect results of skin testing in suspected atopic dogs.
Treatment of pyometra in cats, using prostaglandin F2α: 21 cases (1982-1990)
Authors: Davidson Autumn P. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Treatment with prostaglandin F2α (pgf2α) was evaluated in 21 queens with open-cervix pyometra. The pgf2α was administered (0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg of body weight, sc, q 12 to 24 h) for 3 or 5 days. Transient postinjection reactions caused by pgf2α administration included vocalization, panting, restlessness, grooming, tenesmus, salivation, diarrhea, kneading, mydriasis, emesis, urination, and lordosis. Reactions began as quickly as 30 seconds after pgf2α administration and lasted as long as 60 minutes. All queens improved clinically after pgf2α treatment. One month after completion of the initial series, 1 queen required a second series of pgf2α injections before pyometra resolved. Of 21 queens, 20 (95%) resumed normal estrous cycles without further treatment and 17 (81%) delivered normal litter(s). Use of pgf2α is an acceptable treatment for open-cervix pyometra in queens.
Evaluation of selected plants for acute toxicosis in budgerigars
Authors: Shropshire Crystal M. , Stauber Erik , Arai Mariko 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pairs of budgerigars were given samples, by gavage, of plants considered potentially toxic to pet birds. Samples were prepared by flash-freezing and powdering fresh plant material in liquid nitrogen and resuspending the material in deionized water for administration. Of the 19 plants tested, only 6 induced clinical signs of illness; these plants included yew, oleander, clematis, avocado, black locust, and Virginia creeper (Taxus media, Nerium oleander, Clematis sp, Persea americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Parthenocissus quinquefolio).
Comparison of spermatozoal movement and semen characteristics with fertility in stallions: 64 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Jasko D. J. , Little T. V. , Lein D. H. , Foote R. H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Information pertaining to evaluation of single ejaculates of semen and records for 2 consecutive breeding seasons were obtained. In all, data for 99 individual breeding seasons (n = 43 Standardbreds and 56 Thoroughbreds) were evaluated. Included in each semen evaluation was examination of semen characteristics and computer-aided analysis of spermatozoal movement characteristics. On the basis of the analysis of breeding records for 4,175 mares (7,017 estrous cycles), a per-estrous cycle fertility rate was calculated from data for 96 of the breeding seasons. Stallions with lower fertility than the mean overall season fertility had significantly (P < 0.01) lower mean values for subjective appraisal of the percentage of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa and for percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa. Lower mean values were obtained for computer-aided movement analysis of the percentage of motile and progressively motile spermatozoa, and for mean velocity of motile spermatozoa. Semen characteristics, including spermatozoal movement characteristics, and fertility were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated for Thoroughbred and Standardbred stallions when analyzed individually and when data for both breeds were combined. Characteristics most highly correlated (P < 0.01) with fertility data for both breeds combined were: subjective appraisal of the percentage of motile (r = 0.40) and progressively motile (r = 0.46) spermatozoa; percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (r = 0.36); and computer-aided analysis of percentage of motile spermatozoa (r = 0.34). However, on the basis of evaluation of a single ejaculate for each stallion, the variation in these characteristics only accounted for approximately 20% of the observed variation in fertility rate.
Enteric Clostridium perfringens infection associated with parvoviral enteritis in dogs: 74 cases (1987-1990)
Authors: Turk James , Fales William , Miller Margaret , Pace Lanny , Fischer John , Johnson Gayle , Kreeger John , Turnquist Susan , Pittman Louis , Rottinghaus Audrey , Gosser Harvey 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Parvovirus infection was confirmed by fluorescent antibody staining of or viral isolation from specimens of small intestine in 181 (17%) of 1,110 dogs necropsied between July 1, 1987 and Dec 31, 1990. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 74 (69%) of 108 dogs with parvovirus infection from which specimens of jejunum also had been obtained for culture of anaerobic bacteria. Gram-positive bacilli in association with focal to diffuse necrosis of the superficial portions of the villi were observed in histologic sections of specimens of small intestine from 56 (98%) of 57 dogs from which parvovirus and C perfringens had been identified. These findings indicate that C perfringens frequently proliferates in dogs with parvovirus infection.
Diagnosis of luteal and follicular ovarian cysts by palpation per rectum and linear-array ultrasonography in dairy cows
Authors: Farin P. W. , Youngquist R. S. , Parfet J. R. , Garverick H. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the accuracy of palpation per rectum and linear-array ultrasonography for diagnosing follicular vs luteal ovarian cysts in cows. Forty-seven examinations of ovarian cysts from 28 cows were diagnosed by palpation per rectum as either a firm, thick-walled structure (luteal cyst) or a soft, thin-walled structure (follicular cyst) during weekly herd examinations. The ovaries of each cow were then examined by ultrasonography. Ultrasonograms of cysts >25 mm in diameter were diagnosed as luteal or follicular cysts and were recorded on videotape for evaluation by a second clinician. Serum progesterone concentrations at the time of examination were determined by radioimmunoassay and used to classify luteal (>0.5 ng/ml) or follicular (≤0.5 ng/ml) cysts. Selection of this discriminatory level was based on response of a proportion of cows with luteal cysts that were given 25 mg of prostaglandin F2α at the time of diagnosis by ultrasonography.
Sensitivity and specificity of palpation per rectum for diagnosis of type of ovarian cyst were low (43.3 and 64.7%, respectively). In contrast, sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were considerably higher (86.7 and 82.3%, respectively). Agreement between the 2 methods of diagnosis was 57.4%. Overall agreement between the 2 clinicians’ diagnoses by ultrasonography was 85.1%. On the basis of our findings, we confirm that luteal and follicular cysts cannot be accurately differentiated by palpation per rectum alone. These data suggest that linear-array ultrasonography is more effective than palpation per rectum for diagnosing type of ovarian cyst in cows.
Hematologic effects and feeding performance in cattle fed cull domestic onions (Allium cepa)
Authors: Lincoln S. D. , Howell M. E. , Combs J. J. , Hinman D. D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
For 119 days, 36 cattle, allotted to 6 treatment groups, were fed a balanced growth diet containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25% cull onions on a dry-matter basis. Cattle performance was comparable to that associated with barley-base non-onion diet; statistical differences were not observed among treatments. During the first 28 days of the study, reduction in numbers of rbc hemoglobin concentration, and pcv was observed in all cattle fed onions, but clinical anemia was not seen in any individual animal. After onion feeding was discontinued at 119 days, rbc numbers, hemoglobin concentration, and pcv returned to baseline values within 30 days. Heinz bodies were detected in erythrocytes of all cattle fed onions, and the percentage was proportional to the amount of onions consumed. Addictive onion consumption was prevented by mixing chopped or crushed onions in a total balanced ration.
Evaluation of selected plants for their toxic effects in canaries
Authors: Arai Mariko , Stauber Erik , Shropshire Crystal M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Leaves or fruit from 14 plants considered to be toxic to pet birds were administered by gavage to 15 pairs of canaries (Serinus canaria). Each bird was given 0.12 to 0.70 g of plant material. One pair served as a control and was given distilled water. The plant materials were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, pulverized, and resuspended in deionized water for administration. Of the plants tested, 5 (oleander, lupine, foxglove, yew leaves, and dieffenbachia) were considered highly toxic and were associated with acute death of birds. The remaining plant samples caused no, or only transient, clinical illness.
Relationship to growth performance of pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis lesions detected in pigs at slaughter among four seasons
Authors: Scheidt A. B. , Mayrose V. B. , Hill M. A. , Clark L. K. , Einstein M. E. , Frantz S. F. , Runnels L. J. , Knox K. E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A commercial swine herd was selected for study, because pigs at slaughter repeatedly had lung lesions consistent with enzootic pneumonia and had snout lesions typical of atrophic rhinitis. Pigs born during various seasons of the year were allotted to 4 investigations and were evaluated from birth to slaughter. Individual lungs and snouts were identified and collected at the slaughter plant and later examined for gross lesions of bronchopneumonia and atrophic rhinitis, respectively. Each lesion was scored, and the following comparisons were made within investigations: prevalence and mean scores for lung lesions; prevalence and mean grades for snout lesions; correlations between lung lesion scores and growth indicators; correlations between snout lesion grades and growth indicators; and correlations between lung lesion scores and snout grade scores. Included in the growth indicators were average daily gain during the growing phase, average daily gain during the finishing phase, average daily gain during growing and finishing phases, and days to attain 104.5 kg of body weight. Prevalence of lung or snout lesions, mean values for lung lesion scores, mean values for snout lesion grades, and mean values for the various growth indicators were tested for statistical differences among the 4 investigations.
Prevalence of lung lesions was highest (96%) for winter-slaughtered and lowest (81%) for autumn-slaughtered pigs. Mean scores for lung lesions were 7% (summer), 5% (autumn), 9% (winter), and 16% (spring). Prevalence of snout lesions was highest (85%) for spring-slaughtered pigs and lowest (42%) for autumn-slaughtered pigs. Mean grades for snout lesions were 1.5 (summer), 0.9 (autumn), 1.3 (winter), and 1.9 (spring). Pigs slaughtered in autumn had the lowest mean days to attain 104.5 kg (176 days), whereas pigs slaughtered in winter had the highest mean days to attain 104.5 kg (184 days). None of the correlation coefficients for growth indicators and scores for lung lesions were significant during any investigation. Only 2 significant correlations between growth indicators and snout grades were detected during any of the 4 investigations and those were observed for the winter investigation. Significant correlations were observed between grades for snout lesions and average daily gain-total (−0.37, P < 0.001), and between grades for snout lesions and days to attain 104.5 kg (0.40, P < 0.001). Results do not justify use of scores for lung or snout lesions evaluated in pigs at slaughter during any season to estimate reduction in growth rate or economic impact of pneumonia or atrophic rhinitis.
Locations and types of neoplasms in immature dogs: 69 cases (1964-1989)
Authors: Keller Evan T. , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Sites, histologic types, and frequencies of neoplasms in immature dogs (≤6 months old) were evaluated from data collected over 25 years. The frequencies of neoplasms in immature dogs were compared with those of mature dogs (>6 months old).
Of 69 immature dogs with neoplasms, 5 had 2 primary neoplasms each, resulting in a total of 74 neoplasms. The 3 most common sites for neoplasia, in decreasing order, were the hematopoietic system, brain, and skin. Immature dogs were 10.9 times more likely to have a neoplasm located in the brain, compared with mature dogs. Immature dogs also were 3.3 times more likely to have a neoplasm associated with the hematopoietic system, compared with mature dogs.
Determination of the number of mast cells in lymph node, bone marrow, and buffy coat cytologic specimens from dogs
Authors: Bookbinder Paul F. , Butt Mark T. , Harvey H. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cytologic samples of popliteal lymph node, proximal femoral bone marrow, and the buffy coat fraction of blood were obtained from 56 dogs. The number of mast cells on 1 slide of each sample was determined by microscopic examination. Eleven of 46 slides of lymph node aspirate contained mast cells (range, 1 to 16; mean, 6.4; median, 5 mast cells/slide). Fifty-one bone marrow aspirate slides were evaluated. Two of these contained a single mast cell. None of the 53 buffy coat smear slides examined contained any mast cells. These results indicated that in clinically normal dogs, a few to several mast cells may be encountered in smears of lymph node aspirate, mast cells are rare in smears of bone marrow aspirate, and mast cells are absent from smears of buffy coat.
Lymphocytic/plasmacytic gastroenteritis in cats: 14 cases (1985-1990)
Authors: Dennis Jeffrey S. , Kruger John M. , Mullaney Thomas P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Over a 5-year period, lymphocytic/plasmacytic gastroenteritis was diagnosed in 14 cats. Purebred cats were affected significantly (P < 0.025) more often than nonpurebred cats. Mean age at onset of clinical signs was 6.8 years (range, 1 to 13 years); 11 cats were male. Vomiting and weight loss, each reported in 10 of 14 cats, were the most common clinical signs. Diarrhea was reported in 7 of 14 cats. Alopecia was found in 4 of 14 cats. High hepatic enzyme activities and low plasma protein concentrations were frequent biochemical findings. Hyperemia, hemorrhage, and a roughened or “cobblestone” mucosa were visualized by endoscopy in only 2 of 8 cats with duodenal disease and in 2 of 5 cats with gastric disease. Lymphocytic/plasmacytic inflammation was detected in biopsy specimens from the stomach or duodenum or both in all cats; the duodenum was affected most commonly. Degree of inflammation frequently varied among gastric, duodenal, and colonic specimens from the same cat. Glucocorticoid treatment and dietary management adequately controlled clinical signs in 7 cats, but treatment was ineffective in 6 cats, 5 of which were euthanatized because of severity of clinical signs.
Surgical treatment of dorsal cortical fractures of the third metacarpal bone in Thoroughbred racehorses: 53 cases (1985-1989)
Authors: Cervantes Carlos , Madison John B. , Ackerman Norman , Reed William O. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Between January 1985 and May 1989, 53 Thoroughbred horses (mean age 3.2 years) were surgically treated for dorsal cortical fractures of the third metacarpal bone (mc III). All horses were treated with cortical drilling through the fracture line (osteostixis). Diagnosis of the fractures was confirmed by xeroradiography. Lifetime racing records were obtained for all horses.
Forty-seven horses returned to racing after surgery (89%). The mean time between surgery and the first race was 6.8 months. Horses had a mean of 10.9 starts before surgery and 16.1 starts after surgery. The mean earnings per start before surgery was $6,459 and after surgery was $5,685. Of the 47 horses that raced after surgery, 70% raced at the same class or improved.
Complications related to surgery were seen in 10 horses. Two horses had a second fracture of mc 111 at the same site, and were again treated by osteostixis, after which both horses returned to competition. Fractured drill bits were left in the mc 111 of 4 horses. One of these horses had catastrophic failure of mc III. Two horses developed subcutaneous infections and 2 horses had catastrophic failure of mc 111 in the surgically treated limb. Osteostixis appears to be an effective treatment for returning horses affected with dorsal cortical fractures to racing.
Treatment of dogs with osteosarcoma by administration of cisplatin after amputation or limb-sparing surgery: 22 cases (1987-1990)
Authors: Berg John , Weinstein M. Joy , Schelling Scott H. , Rand William M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Twenty-two dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were treated by amputation (n = 17) or limb-sparing surgery (n = 5). All dogs were given cisplatin (60 mg/m2 of body surface, iv) at 3-week inervals, beginning 1 week after surgery. Number of cisplatin treatments ranged from 1 to 6. Survival data for the 22 dogs were compared with survival data from a historical control group consisting of 162 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone.
Median survival time for the 22 dogs given cisplatin was estimated to be 46.4 weeks, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were estimated to be 45.5 and 20.9%, respectively. Survival time was significantly (P < 0.0001) longer for treated dogs than for control dogs. Statistically significant relation was not found between survival time and number of cisplatin treatments.
Three dogs were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of reporting. Of the remaining 19 dogs, 14 (73.4%) were euthanatized for problems documented to be related to metastases. Nine (47.4%) dogs were euthanatized because of bone metastases, and 5 (26.3%) were euthanatized because of pulmonary metastases. The proportion of dogs euthanatized because of bone metastases was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher for treated than for control dogs. Median survival times for dogs developing bone and lung metastases were estimated to be 51.2 weeks and 21.2 weeks, respectively; however, this difference was not statistically significant.
One local tumor recurrence was observed among dogs that had limb-sparing surgery. Significant difference in survival time was not observed between dogs that had limb-sparing surgery and dogs that underwent amputation.
Use of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in dogs and cats: 25 cases (1982-1989)
Authors: Boothe Harry W. , Boothe Dawn M. , Komkov Andrea , Hightower Dan 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Twenty-five animals (21 dogs and 4 cats) in which hepatobiliary scintigraphy (hbs) was performed between 1982 and 1989 were included in a retrospective study to determine the utility of hbs for diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Final diagnoses, which were based on liver biopsy results and surgical findings in all animals, were hepatocellular disease alone (n = 17), hepatocellular disease and extrahepatic biliary obstruction (n = 7), and normal liver (n = 1). Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed by use of 99mTc-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid in all cases. All 7 cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction were confirmed at surgery. In animals with biliary obstruction, hbs failed to demonstrate radiolabel within either the gallbladder or intestine at any time. Using nonvisualization of the intestine by 180 minutes as the scintigraphic criterion for diagnosis of biliary obstruction, sensitivity was 83% and specificity was 94% in this series. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was concluded to be an accurate indicator of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in this group of animals. High serum bilirubin concentration at the time hbs was performed did not appear to reduce the diagnostic usefulness of the scintigraphic findings.
Variations of response of cattle to experimentally induced viral papillomatosis
Authors: Olson C. , Olson R.O. , Hubbard-Van Stelle S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The common bovine papilloma virus type 1 has been widely used to stimulate basic research on papilloma viruses involved in some cancers of mankind. The usually benign neoplasms of cattle caused by bovine papilloma viruses are frequent clinical problems for veterinarians.
Approximately 240 experimentally induced cutaneous fibropapillomas on 8 susceptible calves had a uniform appearance of initial growth. Their size and duration ranged from about 2 months to nearly 3 years but were similar for the multiple papillomas of each calf. Sequential biopsies were done to examine the histologic changes and existence of viral antigen.
Veterinarians in practice may encounter the common fibropapillomas caused by bovine papilloma virus 1 and 2 as well as papillomas with no fibromatous element. These types may develop on teats of cows in some herds. Interdigital papillomas cause a problem in some dairy herds and a virus suspected but not yet found. Prophylactic vaccination with a formalin-killed vaccine will protect against infection with bovine papilloma virus 1 and 2.