bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of screening results for depressive symptoms among homeless adults in Los Angeles with latent tuberculosis
Authors: Berg Jill , Nyamathi Adeline , Christiani Ashley , Morisky Donald , Leake Barbara 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine predictors of screening results for depressive symptoms in a Los Angeles homeless population with latent tuberculosis (TB). Four hundred and fifteen homeless adults participating in a nurse case managed intervention were included in this analysis. Logistic regression results indicated that those who reported a physical health limitation, multiple sex partners, daily drug use, alcohol dependence, or not having completed high school, were more likely to screen positive. Social support from non‐drug users was protective. Given the importance of adherence to TB treatment regimens, the high prevalence of a positive screening for depressive symptoms in the homeless and the potential for depression to reduce adherence rates, routine screening and treatment for depression in high risk homeless adults being treated for TB may be warranted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 220–229, 2005
Relationship of age, injury severity, injury type, comorbid conditions, level of care, and survival among older motor vehicle trauma patients
Authors: Scheetz Linda J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this secondary data analysis was to compare age, injury severity, injury types, selected comorbidities, level of care (at trauma center [TC] and non–trauma center [NTC] hospitals), and survival among older motor vehicle trauma patients (N = 1,478). Patients admitted to both levels of care had similar comorbid conditions. TC patients had a higher injury severity, whereas NTC patients had a greater proportion of soft tissue injuries. Results of logistic regression analyses subsequent to group comparisons revealed that higher injury severity was associated with TC admission. The likelihood of TC admission of severely injured patients decreased in the presence of spinal, internal, and head injuries. Internal injuries, liver, renal, and cardiovascular diseases were associated with non‐survival while hypertension was associated with survival. Special attention is needed when triaging older trauma patients because their injuries may be covert, thus putting them at risk for admission to a level of care that may be inappropriate given the extent of their injuries. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 198–209, 2005
Relaxation and music reduce pain following intestinal surgery
Authors: Good Marion , Anderson Gene Cranston , Ahn Sukhee , Cong Xiaomei , Stanton‐Hicks Michael 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree nonpharmacological nursing interventions, relaxation, chosen music, and their combination, were tested for pain relief following intestinal (INT) surgery in a randomized clinical trial. The 167 patients were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or control and were tested during ambulation and rest on postoperative days 1 and 2. Pain sensation and distress were measured with visual analog scales (VAS). Multivariate analysis of covariance showed significantly less post‐test pain in the intervention groups than in the control group on both days after rest and at three of six ambulation post‐tests (p = .024–.001), resulting in 16–40% less pain. Mixed effects after ambulation were due to the large variation in pain and difficulty relaxing while returning to bed; but post hoc explorations showed effects for those with high and low pain. These interventions are recommended along with analgesics for greater postoperative relief without additional side effects. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 240–251, 2005
Healthy aging demonstration project: Nurse coaching for behavior change in older adults
Authors: Bennett Jill A. , Perrin Nancy A. , Hanson Ginger , Bennett Diane , Gaynor William , Flaherty‐Robb Marna , Joseph Carol , Butterworth Susan , Potempa Kathleen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Healthy Aging Project (HAP) tested nurse coaching as a method to support healthy behavior change in older adults. The sample included 111 individuals randomized to a nurse coaching group or usual‐care control group. Participants in the intervention group chose the health behaviors they wanted to change and received coaching by nurses in a single in‐person session followed by telephone calls or email contact for 6 months. Nurses were trained in motivational interviewing (MI). The intervention group had significantly less illness intrusiveness and health distress than the control group at 6 months, although it is not known whether these health outcomes resulted from behavior changes. This clinical demonstration project showed that nurse‐delivered MI, primarily using the telephone and email, is a feasible method to discuss behavioral change with older adults. However, future clinical trials will be needed to evaluate the efficacy of nurse‐delivered MI on actual behavioral changes in older adults. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 187–197, 2005
Qualitative research contribution to a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Schumacher Karen L. , Koresawa Setsuko , West Claudia , Dodd Marylin , Paul Steven M. , Tripathy Debu , Koo Peter , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: May 2005

AbstractQualitative research may be combined fruitfully with intervention studies, but few examples provide detailed methodological strategies for doing so. In this article, we describe the qualitative component of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of the PRO‐SELF© Pain Control Program, an intervention that provides individualized education, coaching, and support for cancer pain management. We conducted three qualitative analyses of verbatim transcripts of “real‐time” audiotaped intervention sessions. As a result, we were better able to ascertain the nature of the individualized coaching component of the intervention, patient and family caregiver use of selected intervention tools, and reasons the intervention did not work for some patients. Study results were used to increase the specificity with which the coaching portion of the intervention is described in the intervention protocol. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 28: 268–280, 2005
Protein sequence tags: A novel solution for comparative proteomics
Authors: Kuhn Karsten , Prinz Thorsten , Schäfer Jürgen , Baumann Christian , Schärfke Marco , Kienle Stefan , Schwarz Josef , Steiner Sandra , Hamon Christian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractComparative proteome profiling using stable isotope peptide labelling and mass spectrometry has emerged as a promising strategy. Here, we show the broad potential of our proprietary protein sequence tag (PST) technology.* A special feature of PST is its ability to detect a wide variety of proteins including the pharmaceutically relevant membrane and nuclear proteins. This procedure addresses a similar number of proteins, compared to the multidimensional protein identification technology approach, but offers additionally a quantitative analysis with its recently developed quantitative PST version.
Modification of photoinitiated cationic epoxide polymerizations by sulfides
Authors: Falk B. , Zonca M. R. , Crivello J. V. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe addition of sulfides has a marked effect on the rates of onium salt induced photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerizations of epoxide monomers. Various behaviors have been observed that depend on the structure of the sulfide. Dialkyl sulfides strongly inhibit the photopolymerizations of these monomers, whereas diaryl sulfides have a retarding effect on the photopolymerizations. Real‐time infrared spectroscopy and optical pyrometry have been employed as analytical methods to probe the kinetic effects of the addition of a variety of sulfides on cationic epoxide ring‐opening photopolymerizations. A mechanism is proposed that involves the formation of sulfonium salts as intermediates. The observations made in this study have important implications for cationic photopolymerizations in general and for photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerizations of epoxides in particular. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2504–2519, 2005
Monooxygenase mediated pyrethroid detoxification in sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
Authors: Sevatdal Sigmund , Fallang Anders , Ingebrigtsen Kristian , Horsberg Tor Einar 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe role of monooxygenases in detoxification of the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin was examined. Four strains of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer) with normal or moderately reduced sensitivity towards the pyrethroids were tested in bioassays by exposure to the pyrethroid alone and in combination with an oxygenase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The normal (baseline) sensitivity was considered as the sensitivity range for the two most sensitive strains. Pre‐treatment with PBO elevated the sensitivity (P < 0.01) compared with groups exposed to the pyrethroid only. A positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between the activity of haem peroxidases and the pyrethroid concentration immobilizing 50% of the parasites was demonstrated (ρ = 0.500 for deltamethrin and ρ = 0.310 for cypermethrin). The results indicate that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in detoxification of pyrethroids in sea lice. 14C‐Deltamethrin was absorbed in a lesser amount in a group of sea lice exposed to a mixture of the compound and PBO than in a group exposed to 14C‐deltamethrin alone. A significant difference could be demonstrated both immediately after exposure (P < 0.01) and 24 h after exposure (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups pre‐treated with PBO and groups exposed to 14C‐deltamethrin only. 14C‐Deltamethrin was taken up mainly through the cuticle, especially the cuticle on the extremities of the ventral surface, and subsequently distributed throughout the body of the parasite. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of a Chenopodium‐based botanical insecticide/acaricide on Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Bostanian Noubar J , Akalach Mohammed , Chiasson Hélène 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUDA‐245 is a Chenopodium‐based natural insecticide. Forty‐eight hours after treatment with this compound, Orius insidiosus (Say) and Aphidius colemani Viereck showed slight contact toxicity at 5 g AI liter−1. There was no residual toxicity to A colemani. These two beneficials are currently used in commercial flower and vegetable greenhouses for the management of thrips, spider mites, aphids and small caterpillars. In contrast, abamectin and insecticidal soap were toxic by contact to both species. UDA‐245 did not reduce the number of eggs laid by treated O insidiosus. The eclosion of these eggs was also not adversely affected by UDA‐245. The other two insecticides, abamectin and insecticidal soap had no effect on the emergence of A colemani from treated aphid mummies. However, abamectin decreased the percentage of aphid parasitism by A colemani following a residual treatment. The LC50 for UDA‐245 for the two beneficials is slightly over twice the recommended field dose. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Grazing‐incidence diffraction strain analysis of a laterally patterned Si wafer treated by focused Ge and Au ion beam implantation
Authors: Grenzer J. , Pietsch U. , Bischoff L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe cover picture of the present issue of physica status solidi (a) shows a reciprocal space map of the strain sensitive Si(400) reflection from a lateral nanostructure with a period of 550 nm, produced by a focused Ge ion beam. Nominal implantation was along K = 0; the dotted line shows that the true implantation direction was about 3 degrees off.The first author, Jörg Grenzer, is now at the Research Center Rossendorf. His main working field is semiconductor nanostructures, particularly the investigation of strain phenomena which can be exploited in device related structures.
Characterization of vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser structures by modulation spectroscopy: A status report
Authors: Klar P. J. , Karcher C. , Metzger B. , Hosea T. J. C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe present issue of physica status solidi (a) contains contributions from the International Workshop on Modulation Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Structures (MS3), held in Wrocław, Poland, 1–3 July 2004.Editor's Choice is the article by P. J. Klar et al. [1] in which the advantages of these techniques are used to characterize optoelectronic devices. For a vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser structure (shown schematically in the lower part) to operate, the emission wavelength λqw of its active region and the cavity mode at λcav of its resonator structure need to coincide. The photomodulated reflectance spectrum (upper left part, bottom) shows clear features at both wavelengths whereas a feature at λqw cannot be distinguished in the corresponding reflectance spectrum (top) due to its complicated photonic nature.The first author, Peter J. Klar is currently a lecturer of Physics at the Philipps‐University of Marburg, Germany. His research interests include the physics of magnetic semiconductors and hybrids for spintronics, of III–N–V semiconductor structures for optoelectronics, and of novel nanostructures ranging from nanomagnetism to applications in catalysis.
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 202/7
Authors: Pollak Fred H. , Misiewicz Jan , Sitarek Piotr 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have recently observed a growing interest in using the powerful technique of optical modulation spectroscopy. These applications are related mostly to the characterization of low dimensional semiconductor structures and devices based on them.The International Workshop on Modulation Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Structures (MS3) at the beginning of July 2004 gathered in Wrocław (in the southwest part of Poland) almost 40 participants, half of them from abroad. The 8 invited and 16 contributed talks were presented by the leaders of research teams from the USA, Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Russia, Lithuania and Poland. Part of the MS3 workshop was held at the Laboratory of Advanced Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, where discussions on technical matter of the modulation spectroscopy were carried out in a relaxing atmosphere over a cup of coffee.The topics of the MS3 workshop included: advantages of photoreflectance, electroreflectance, contactless electroreflectance, thermoreflectance, differential reflectance and wavelength‐modulated surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The applications of the above methods to investigate transistor, diode and laser structures including VCSELs, low dimensional structures of both wings of the spectrum, i.e. wide band gap materials like GaN, AlGaN, ZnO and low band gap materials such as GaInN(Sb)As, InAs, InSb, and FeSi2 were demonstrated.It is our great pleasure to publish the most interesting of the MS3 workshop presentations in this issue of physica status solidi (a).The organizers acknowledge Wrocław University of Technology, the Center of Exellence CEPHONA from the Institute of Electron Technology in Warsaw and the Polish Committee for Scientific Research for financial support of the workshop.
Methods to adjust for the interference of N2O on δ13C and δ18O measurements of CO2 from soil mineralization
Authors: Beheydt D. , Boeckx P. , Clough T. J. , Vermeulen J. , Sherlock R. R. , Van Cleemput O. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this paper we present an overview of the present knowledge relating to methods that avoid interference of N2O on δ13C and δ18O measurements of CO2. The main focus of research to date has been on atmospheric samples. However, N2O is predominantly generated by soil processes. Isotope analyses related to soil trace gas emissions are often performed with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometers, which do not necessarily have the high precision needed for atmospheric research. However, it was shown by using laboratory and field samples that a correction to obtain reliable δ13C and δ18O values is also required for a commercial continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The capillary gas chromatography column of the original equipment was changed to a packed Porapak Q column. This adaptation resulted in an improved accuracy and precision of δ13C (standard deviationGhent: from 0.2 to 0.08‰; standard deviationLincoln: from 0.2 to 0.13‰) of CO2 for N2O/CO2 ratios up to 0.1. For δ18O there was an improvement for the standard deviation measured at Ghent University (0.13 to 0.08‰) but not for the measurements at Lincoln University (0.08 to 0.23‰). The benefits of using the packed Porapak Q column compared with the theoretical correction method meant that samples were not limited to small N2O concentrations, they did not require an extra N2O concentration measurement, and measurements were independent of the variable isotopic composition of N2O from soil. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical considerations for the use of 15N‐DNA stable‐isotope probing for functional microbial activity in soils
Authors: Cadisch Georg , Espana Mingrelia , Causey Rachel , Richter Michael , Shaw Eve , Morgan J. Alun W. , Rahn Clive , Bending Gary D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractStable‐isotope DNA probing is a culture‐independent technique that may provide a link between function and phylogeny of active microorganisms. The technique has been used in association with 13C substrates while here we evaluate feasibility and limitations of 15N‐DNA stable‐isotope probing (SIP) using labelled and unlabelled pure microbial cultures or soil extracts. Our results showed that 15N‐DNA probing is feasible for cultures as well as soil samples. Limitations of 15N‐DNA‐SIP are (a) the need for relatively large quantities of DNA to visualise bands (although molecular resolution is much higher) and (b) 15N‐DNA enrichment needed to ideally be >50 at%; however, this requirement can be lowered to approx. 40 atom% 15N with pure cultures using a modified CsCl centrifugation method (140K g for 69 h). These advances in 15N‐DNA‐SIP methodology open new opportunities to trace active microbial populations utilising specific N substrates in situ. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent shift from labile to recalcitrant carbon sources of arctic heterotrophs
Authors: Biasi Christina , Rusalimova Olga , Meyer Hildegard , Kaiser Christina , Wanek Wolfgang , Barsukov Pavel , Junger Högne , Richter Andreas 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSoils of high latitudes store approximately one‐third of the global soil carbon pool. Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is expected to increase in response to global warming, which is most pronounced in northern latitudes. It is, however, unclear if microorganisms are able to utilize more stable, recalcitrant C pools, when labile soil carbon pools will be depleted due to increasing temperatures. Here we report on an incubation experiment with intact soil cores of a frost‐boil tundra ecosystem at three different temperatures (2°C, 12°C and 24°C). In order to assess which fractions of the SOM are available for decomposition at various temperatures, we analyzed the isotopic signature of respired CO2and of different SOM fractions. Theδ13C values of CO2respired were negatively correlated with temperature, indicating the utilization of SOM fractions that were depleted in13C at higher temperatures. Chemical fractionation of SOM showed that the water‐soluble fraction (presumably the most easily available substrates for microbial respiration) was most enriched in13C, while the acid‐insoluble pool (recalcitrant substrates) was most depleted in13C. Our results therefore suggest that, at higher temperatures, recalcitrant compounds are preferentially respired by arctic microbes. When the isotopic signatures of respired CO2of soils which had been incubated at 24°C were measured at 12°C, theδ13C values shifted to values found in soils incubated at 12°C, indicating the reversible use of more easily available substrates. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acid profiles showed significant differences in microbial community structure at various incubation temperatures indicating that microorganisms with preference for more recalcitrant compounds establish as temperatures increase. In summary our results demonstrate that a large portion of tundra SOM is potentially mineralizable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compound‐specific δ13C analysis of individual amino sugars – a tool to quantify timing and amount of soil microbial residue stabilization
Authors: Glaser Bruno , Gross Simone 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThere is strong scientific evidence that microbial residues such as amino sugars may be stabilized in soil. However, up to now, no investigation has been carried out to quantify both the amount and timing of such stabilization. This is primarily due to methodological constraints, because it is not possible to differentiate between stabilized (old) and recently produced (new) amino sugars when these biomarkers are conventionally analyzed, e.g. by means of gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test whether compound‐specific isotope analysis (δ13C) of amino sugars extracted from soil could be used to differentiate between old and new microbial residues. For this aim a method for the δ13C analysis of individual amino sugars was developed and optimized. First results of δ13C values of glucosamine, galactosamine, mannosamine, and muramic acid in soil samples from two different ecological studies are presented, clearly indicating that discrimination between soil inherent and newly formed amino sugars is possible in stable isotope labeling experiments. Our results further showed that, in the short term (within 1 month), only few amino sugars were built, thus making highly 13C‐enriched substrates necessary for the quantification of new amino sugar production and for the determination of amino sugar turnover rates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of twenty‐three flavonoids in the extract of Dalbergia odorifera
Authors: Liu Rongxia , Ye Min , Guo Hongzhu , Bi Kaishun , Guo De‐an 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA method incorporating high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry, with parallel analysis by HPLC with UV detection using a diode‐array detector, was developed for the qualitative characterization of flavonoids in D. odorifera. Twenty‐three flavonoids, including six isoflavones, six neoflavones, four isoflavanones, three flavanones, two chalcones, one isoflavanonol and one pterocarpan, were unambiguously identified by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with those of authentic compounds. Furthermore, the collision‐induced dissociations of the [MH]− ions were studied to clarify the MS behavior of the different types of flavonoids. In negative ion ESI‐MS all the flavonoids yielded prominent [MH]− ions in the first order mass spectra. Fragments involving losses of CH, H2O, CO, C2H2O, and CO2 were observed in the MS/MS spectra. Each of the seven types of flavonoid showed characteristic MS/MS fragmentation patterns. The isoflavanones, flavanones and chalcones were observed to undergo retro‐Diels‐Alder fragmentations. The spectra of almost all the neoflavonoids unexpectedly exhibited only [MHCH3]−. radical anions as base peaks without any further fragmentation. Substitution positions also remarkably influenced the fragmentation behavior, which could assist in distinction among the flavonoid isomers. The fragmentation rules deduced here could aid in the characterization of other flavonoids of these types. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.