bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean Wave Slope Observations Using Radar Backscatter and Laser Altimeters
Authors: Vandemark D. , Chapron B. , Sun J. , Crescenti G. H. , Graber H. C. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Combination of laser and radar aboard an aircraft is used to directly measure long gravity wave surface tilting simultaneously with nadir-viewing microwave backscatter from the sea surface. The presented dataset is extensive, encompassing varied wind conditions over coastal and open-ocean wave regimes. Laser-derived slope statistics and Ka-band (36 GHz) radar backscatter are detailed separately to document their respective variations versus near-surface wind speed. The slope statistics, measured for λ &gt; 1–2 m, show good agreement with Cox and Munk's oil-slickened sea measurements. A notable exception is elevated distribution peakedness and an observed wind dependence in this likely proxy for nonlinear wave–wave interactions. Aircraft Ka-band radar data nearly mimic Ku-band satellite altimeter observations in their mean wind dependence. The present calibrated radar data, along with relevant observational and theoretical studies, suggest a large (−5 dB) bias in previous Ka-band results. Next, wave-diverse inland, coastal, and open-ocean observations are contrasted to show wind-independent long-wave slope variance changes of a factor of 2–3, always increasing as one heads to sea. Combined long-wave and radar data demonstrate that this long-wave tilt field variability is largely responsible for radar backscatter variations observed at a given wind speed, particularly at wind speeds below 5–7 m s−1. Results are consistent with, and provide quantititative support for, recent satellite altimeter studies eliciting signatures of long-wave impacts resident in the radar backscatter. Under a quasi-optical scattering assumption, the results illustrate long-wave control on the variance of the total mean square slope parameter due to changes in the directional long-wave spectrum, with high-wavenumbers being relatively unaffected in a mean sense. However, further analysis suggests that for winds above 7 m s−1 the high-wavenumber subrange also varies with change in the longer wave field slope and/or energy, the short gravity wave roughness being measurably greater for smoother seas.
Ablation lesions in Koch's triangle assessed by three-dimensional myocardial contrast echocardiography
Authors: Szili-Torok Tamas , Kimman Geert-Jan , Scholten Marcoen , Thornton Andrew , Cate Folkert Ten , Roelandt Jos , Jordaens Luc 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) allows visualization of radiofrequency (RF) ablation lesions in the left ventricle in an animal model. Aim: To test whether MCE allows visualization of RF and cryo ablation lesions in the human right atrium using three-dimensional echocardiography.

Methods
18 patients underwent catheter ablation of a supraventricular tachycardia and were included in this prospective single-blind study. Twelve patients were ablated inside Koch's triangle and 6, who served as controls, outside this area. Three-dimensional echocardiography of Koch's triangle was performed before and after the ablation procedure in all patients, using respiration and ECG gated pullback of a 9 MHz ICE transducer, with and without continuous intravenous echocontrast infusion (SonoVue, Bracco). Two independent observers analyzed the data off-line.

Results
MCE identified ablation lesions as a low contrast area within the normal atrial myocardial tissue. Craters on the endocardial surface were seen in 10 (83%) patients after ablation. Lesions were identified in 11 out of 12 patients (92%). None of the control patients were recognized as having been ablated. The confidence score of the independent echo reviewer tended to be higher when the number of applications increased.

Conclusions
1. MCE allows direct visualization of ablation lesions in the human atrial myocardium. 2. Both RF and cryo energy lesions can be identified using MCE.
Nutrient Oxidation during Moderately Intense Exercise in Obese Prepubertal Boys
Authors: Maffeis C. , Zaffanello M. , Pellegrino M. , Banzato C. , Bogoni G. , Viviani E. , Ferrari M. , Tatò L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure the nutrient oxidation rate during walking at different speeds and to identify the walking speed associated with the highest fat oxidation rate in a group of prepubertal boys with different levels of adiposity. Twenty-four prepubertal boys (age, 10 ± 1 yr) with different levels of overweight (body mass index, 25.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2; sd score of body mass index, 3.4 ± 1.1) performed a treadmill test. We measured by indirect calorimetry their respiratory exchange while they walked at speeds of 4, 5, and 6 km/h as well as their maximal oxygen uptake. The fat oxidation rate did not change significantly when the speed of walking was increased, whereas carbohydrate oxidation increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001). A significant (P &lt; 0.05) association was found between adiposity (percent fat mass) and the fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio during walking at 4, 5, and 6 km/h (r = 0.37, r = 0.37, and r = 0.36, respectively), adjusting for exercise intensity (maximal oxygen uptake, percentage). The lowest fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio, i.e. the highest fat oxidation/carbohydrate oxidation rate, was found at a walking speed of 4 km/h. Moderately intense exercise promoted the highest fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio. Increasing the exercise intensity did not promote fat oxidation. Therefore, walking at a speed of 4 km/h is recommended as practicable exercise for obese boys and, consequently, for the treatment of childhood obesity.
Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and II on Prostaglandin Synthesis and Plasminogen Activator Activity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Miceli Fiorella , Tropea Anna , Minici Francesca , Orlando Mariateresa , Lamanna Giuseppina , Gangale Maria Francesca , Panetta Barbara , Tiberi Federica , Vaccari Sergio , Canipari Rita , Lanzone Antonio , Apa Rosanna 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
IGFs seem to contribute to the endothelial dysfunction observed in some vascular diseases. Because locally increased IGFs levels were detected in the preeclamptic fetoplacental unit, we hypothesized their involvement in the dysregulation of fibrinolysis and vascular tone typically observed in the fetoplacental compartment in this pregnancy disease. Therefore, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the potential effect of IGFs on the synthesis of plasminogen activators (PAs), PA inibitor-1 (PAI-1), and vasodilator and vasoconstrictor prostaglandins (PGs) was investigated. Moreover, in HUVECs treated with IGFs, the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the rate-limiting enzyme in PG synthesis, was evaluated.
HUVECs were treated for 24 h with IGFs (1–100 ng/ml) or IL-1β (0.1 ng/ml). PA, PAI-1, and COX-2 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR and PG release and PA activity by RIA and colorimetric assay, respectively.
We demonstrated an inhibition of urokinase-type PA activity and a 50% reduction of urokinase-type PA mRNA in HUVECs treated with IGFs. No effect was seen on PAI-1. Finally, both IGFs significantly decreased all PGs tested and COX-2 mRNA, whereas, as expected, IL-1β had an opposite effect.
In conclusion, our results suggest for IGFs a potential involvement in the endothelial dysfunction observed in preeclamptic fetoplacental unit.
PPARγ Staining as a Surrogate for PAX8/PPARγ Fusion Oncogene Expression in Follicular Neoplasms: Clinicopathological Correlation and Histopathological Diagnostic Value
Authors: Sahin Mustafa , Allard Brandon L. , Yates Martin , Powell J. Gregory , Wang Xiao-Li , Hay Ian D. , Zhao Ying , Goellner John R. , Sebo Thomas J. , Grebe Stefan K. G. , Eberhardt Norman L. , McIver Bryan 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The PAX8/PPARγ (PPFP) fusion-oncogene is moderately specific for follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC). It remains unknown whether this can be translated into improved diagnosis, classification, or outcome prediction.
We studied a cohort of well-characterized follicular adenomas (FA), FTC, and Hürthle cell carcinomas (HCC) from patients with complete clinical follow-up, to determine whether PPARγ immunohistochemistry (as a surrogate of PAX8/PPARγ expression) helps to distinguish FA from FTC and to assess its diagnostic accuracy as an adjunct to frozen section. We also correlated PPARγ staining with clinical outcomes to assess its role as a prognostic marker.
PPARγ staining was more common in FTC (31 of 54; 57%) than in HCC (one of 23; 4%) or FA (four of 31; 13%) (P &lt; 0.000001). Adjunctive use of PPARγ immunohistochemistry improved diagnostic sensitivity of intraoperative frozen section from 84% to 96% (P &lt; 0.05) but reduced specificity from 100% to 90% (P &lt; 0.05). PPARγ staining was associated with favorable prognostic indicators (female gender, better tumor differentiation, and lesser risk of metastases).
PPARγ staining may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of FA, FTC, and HCC, particularly when diagnostic sensitivity of histomorphology is reduced (e.g. during intraoperative frozen section). PPARγ staining also shows an association with favorable prognosis and may have a role in risk stratification.
Hemostatic Risk Factors and Insulin Sensitivity, Regional Body Fat Distribution, and the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Godsland I. F. , Crook D. , Proudler A. J. , Stevenson J. C. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Disturbances in the thrombotic and fibrinolytic systems are a feature of insulin resistance, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. However, there are few studies in which these relationships have been explored in mainly asymptomatic individuals using sophisticated measures of insulin sensitivity and regional adiposity. Variables of the hemostatic system were measured in 106 men (aged 32–68 yr; body mass index, 20–34 kg/m2). Insulin sensitivity was measured by minimal model analysis and regional adiposity by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Clustering of intercorrelated variables was assessed by the statistical technique of factor analysis. Plasma levels of procoagulant factors VII and X, anticoagulant proteins C and S, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 correlated positively with total and percent central body fat (r = 0.25–0.38; P &lt; 0.05) and negatively with insulin sensitivity (except protein S; r = −0.24 to −0.35; P &lt; 0.05). On factor analysis, procoagulant factors VII and X, proteins C and S, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were components of the cluster of variables that explained the greatest proportion of the variance in the data (39.2%). Other variables included in this cluster were those typical of the metabolic syndrome and also serum γ-glutamyl transferase activity. These results suggest that factors VII and X and proteins C and S are features of the intercorrelated disturbances of the metabolic syndrome. Associations with adiposity and liver enzyme activity suggest the involvement of hepatic fat deposition.
Gonadotroph Tumor Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Benito Maria , Asa Sylvia L. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , West Valerie A. , Snyder Peter J. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Although anterior pituitary tumors constitute a main clinical feature of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), and most types of pituitary tumors have been associated with MEN1, gonadotroph tumors have not previously been recognized clinically as part of this syndrome. We report here a woman who presented with ovarian hyperstimulation due to a gonadotroph tumor that was confirmed biochemically and immunohistochemically. She then developed hyperparathyroidism, and she was found to have three hypercellular parathyroid glands. Subsequently, she developed a temporal lobe metastasis of the gonadotroph tumor, demonstrating that it was a gonadotroph carcinoma. The diagnosis of MEN1 was confirmed by finding a deletion mutation (c.307delC) on the second exon of the MEN1 gene that predicts truncation of the resulting menin protein 15 codons downstream from the deletion (p.Leu103fsX15). This case illustrates that gonadotroph tumors, like other pituitary tumors, can be part of MEN1. The clinical implications of this case are that the clinical and biochemical features of gonadotroph tumors should be considered when evaluating patients for MEN1, and MEN1 should be considered in patients who have gonadotroph tumors.
Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Glucose Intolerance in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients without a Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Choi K. M. , Lee K. W. , Kim S. G. , Kim N. H. , Park C. G. , Seo H. S. , Oh D. J. , Choi D. S. , Baik S. H. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
We examined the prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism and its association with inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. This prospective study enrolled 52 AMI patients, and 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing was performed on 30 patients at discharge and again 3 months later. We also measured serum adiponectin, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and IL-6 on both occasions. Data were compared with those of 30 type 2 diabetic patients without a history of AMI. Forty percent and 36.7% of AMI patients had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at discharge and at 3 months, respectively. The corresponding proportions for newly diagnosed diabetes are 33.0% and 30.0%. At discharge, AMI patients with IGT or diabetes showed higher high sensitive C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels compared with AMI patients with normal glucose tolerance or control type 2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, AMI patients with IGT or diabetes exhibited higher IR and lower serum adiponectin levels than AMI patients with normal glucose tolerance at 3 months after discharge. Previously undiagnosed diabetes and IGT are common in Korean patients with AMI. These glycometabolic abnormalities are associated with inflammation, IR, and serum adiponectin levels.
Multielement Determination of Trace Metals in Seawater by ICP-MS Using a Chelating Resin-Packed Minicolumn for Preconcentration
Authors: Zhu Yanbei , Itoh Akihide , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
A chelating resin-packed minicolumn was developed to pretreat seawater samples for the determination of trace metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The preconcentration conditions, such as the flow rate of sample loading, pH for adsorption, amount of ammonium acetate for eliminating matrix elements, and the amount of nitric acid for eluting trace metals from the resin, were investigated and optimized. Firstly, 50 mL of seawater samples was adjusted to pH 6.0 and loaded into the column at the flow rate of 3 mL min−1. Secondly, 8 mL of 1 M ammonium acetate and 5 mL of pure water were passed through the column for eliminating matrix elements, such as Mg and Ca. Finally, trace metals were eluted with 2.25 mL of 2 M nitric acid, and then 0.25 mL of internal standard elements (Ge, In, Re, Tl, 100 μg L−1 each) was added to the eluted solution in order to correct matrix effects in the ICP-MS measurements. The recoveries for 23 elements (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Cd, all-REEs, Pb, and U) were more than 80%. The analytical results for the concentrations of trace metals in seawater reference material (NASS-5) agreed well with certified or reference values. The present method was also applied to the multielement analysis of the coastal seawater samples from the Take Island (Gamagoori, Aichi prefecture, Japan) and the Ise Bay (Nagoya, Aichi prefecture, Japan).
In-Situ DRIFT Study of a New Low-Temperature Methanol Synthesis Mechanism
Authors: Yang Ruiqin , Fu Yilu , Zhang Yi , Xu Bolian , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In-situ DRIFTS was used to clarify the reaction mechanism of a new methanol synthesis method on a Cu/ZnO catalyst at low temperature from syngas containing CO2 using an ethanol promoter. The formate species was formed by exposing Cu/ZnO catalyst to syngas, and it reacted easily with ethanol to form an ethyl formate species at low temperature. Ethyl formate was easily reduced to form methanol.
Substituent Effects on the Gas Phase Acidity of Phenylacetylenes and Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Matsuoka Mio , Mustanir  , Than Soe , Mishima Masaaki 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The gas phase acidities of meta- and para-substituted phenylacetylenes and benzyl alcohols were determined by measuring equilibrium constants of proton transfer reactions using a FT-ICR spectrometer. The gas phase acidities of phenylacetylenes and benzyl alcohols are related linearly to those of benzoic acids with a slope of unity. Since the CH2 group of benzyl alcohol prevents a direct π-electron interaction between substituents and the negative charge at the oxygen atom, the existence of these linear relationships suggests that σo parameters best describe the substituent effects in all three systems. Indeed, the acidities of phenylacetylenes and benzoic acids correlate with σo values determined in the gas phase. The theoretical calculations of these acidities at MP2/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory could reproduce the substituent effects observed experimentally. The optimized geometries and the elctrostatic charges computed using the CHELPG scheme of Breneman for the conjugate anions of all three acid systems also indicate that there is no π-delocalization of the negative charge into the benzene ring.
Investigation of the Structure and Stability of an Alcohol-Based Polymer for Hydrogen Storage in the Form of Ions
Authors: Matsuura Hiroshi , Tanikawa Tamio , Ushiba Shuichi , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
This study reports on the structure and stability of an alcohol-based polymer, which stores hydrogen in the form of ions. The hydrogen-storing polymer is produced from alcohol using a plasma-induced method. Measurements of the electrical resistivity and the IR spectra of the polymer indicate that it is in an electrically unstable state. The hydrogen produced by the polymer following the application of an electric signal demonstrates that the hydrogen ions are trapped within the polymer. The development of hydrogen-storing techniques in the form of ions improves the controllable extraction of hydrogen.
Platinum-catalyzed Tandem Carboalkoxylation-Claisen Rearrangement of Arylalkynes Bearing an ortho-1,5-Dihydro-3H-2,4-dioxepine Group
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Bajracharya Gan B , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The platinum-catalyzed tandem carboalkoxylation-Claisen rearrangement reaction of arylalkynes 1 bearing an ortho-1,5-dihydro-3H-2,4-dioxepine group gave the corresponding tricyclic compounds 2 in good to allowable yields. For example, the reaction of 2-[2-(pent-1-ynyl)phenyl]-4,7-dihydro[1,3]dioxepin 1a, 2-[2-(oct-1-ynyl)phenyl]-4,7-dihydro[1,3]dioxepin 1c, and 2-[2-(phenylethynyl)phenyl]-4,7-dihydro[1,3]dioxepin 1d in the presence of 10 mol % of PtCl2 and 40 mol % of β-pinene in acetonitrile at 100 °C gave the corresponding tricyclic compounds 2a, 2c, and 2d in 69, 63, and 50% yields, respectively.
Kilogram-scale [60]Fullerene Separation from a Fullerene Mixture: Selective Complexation of Fullerenes with 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)
Authors: Nagata Koichi , Dejima Eiji , Kikuchi Yasuharu , Hashiguchi Masahiko 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
A very simple and efficient separation procedure for [60]fullerene from a fullerene mixture has been developed using the novel selective complexation of fullerenes with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). From 3.3 kg of the fullerene mixture, 1.35 kg of pure [60]fullerene was obtained.
A New Method for the Lactonization of ω-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids with Di-2-thienyl Carbonate by the Promotion of DMAP and Iodine
Authors: Oohashi Yoshiaki , Fukumoto Kentarou , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Successive reactions of ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids with an equimolar amount of di-2-thienyl carbonate (2-DTC) in the presence of a catalytic amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) followed by an addition of 2–4 equimolar amounts of iodine afforded the corresponding lactones in good to high yields.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral cis-Arylmethylenebicyclo[3.3.0]octanes Using α-Thio- and α-Selenoorganolithium Compounds
Authors: Wang Libo , Nakamura Shuichi , Shibata Norio , Toru Takeshi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Enantioselective reaction of α-thio carbanion derived from 1-phenyl-1-(phenylthio)-1-(tributylstannyl)methane with cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,7-dione monoethylene ketals in the presence of bis(oxazoline)s gave products with high diastereoselectivity and with high enantioselectivity. The reaction of α-seleno carbanions derived from bis(phenylseleno)arylmethanes also showed high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Deprotection and subsequent stereospecific elimination afforded axially chiral cis-arylmethylenebicyclo[3.3.0]octanes with high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee).
Lewis Base-catalyzed anti-Selective Mannich-type Reaction between Trimethylsilyl Enolates and Aldimines
Authors: Takahashi Eiki , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Potassium or ammonium carboxylates catalyzed Mannich-type reaction between trimethylsilyl enolates and aldimines proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding β-amino carbonyl compounds in good to high yields with high anti selectivity.
Simplified Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite Nanotubes Using Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Ji G B , Su H L , Tang S L , Du Y W , Xu B L 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Cobalt ferrite nanotubes with diameter of 50 nm were prepared using a simple sol–gel process within the pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM were used to characterize the morphology, crystalloid structure, and magnetic properties of the samples. The results indicate that the cobalt ferrites thus prepared were polycrystalline phase with the smooth and uniform tube-like structure. The method is also expected to be applicable to the preparation of other multicomponent oxide nanotubes.
IT Outsourcing Success: A Psychological Contract Perspective
Authors: Koh Christine , Ang Soon , Straub Detmar W. 
Published: January 2005

Information technology (IT) outsourcing success requires careful management of customer-supplier relationships. However, there are few published studies on the ongoing relationships, and most of these adopt a customer perspective, de-emphasizing suppliers. In this study, we look at both customer and supplier perspectives, by means of the psychological contract of customer and supplier project managers. We apply the concept of psychological contract to perceived mutual obligations, and to how such fulfillment of obligations can predict success. Our research questions are (1) What are the critical customer-supplier obligations in an IT outsourcing relationship? and (2) What is the impact of fulfilling these obligations on success? We use a sequential, qualitative-quantitative approach to develop and test our model. In the qualitative study, we probe the nature of customer-supplier obligations using in-depth interviews. Content analysis of interview transcripts show that both customers and suppliers identify six obligations that are critical to success. Customers perceive supplier obligations to be accurate project scoping, clear authority structures, taking charge, effective human capital management, effective knowledge transfer, and effective interorganizational teams. Suppliers perceive customer obligations as clear specifications, prompt payment, close project monitoring, dedicated project staffing, knowledge sharing, and project ownership. In the second quantitative study, we assess the impact of fulfilling these obligations on success through a field study of 370 managers. Results show that fulfilled obligations predict success over and above the effects of contract type, duration, and size.