bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cocaine regulates antiretroviral therapy CNS access through pregnane-x receptor-mediated drug transporter and metabolizing enzyme modulation at the blood brain barrier
Authors: Colón Ortiz Rodnie , Knerler Stephen , Fridman Lisa B. , Mercado Alicia , Price Amira-Storm , Rosado-Franco Jose J. , Wilkins Hannah , Flores Bianca R. , Orsburn Benjamin C. , Williams Dionna W. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Appropriate interactions between antiretroviral therapies (ART) and drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes at the blood brain barrier (BBB) are critical to ensure adequate dosing of the brain to achieve HIV suppression. These proteins are modulated by demographic and lifestyle factors, including substance use. While understudied, illicit substances share drug transport and metabolism pathways with ART, increasing the potential for adverse drug:drug interactions. This is particularly important when considering the brain as it is relatively undertreated compared to peripheral organs and is vulnerable to substance use-mediated damage.

Methods
We used an in vitro model of the human BBB to determine the extravasation of three first-line ART drugs, emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TFV), and dolutegravir (DTG), in the presence and absence of cocaine, which served as our illicit substance model. The impact of cocaine on BBB integrity and permeability, drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and their master transcriptional regulators were evaluated to determine the mechanisms by which substance use impacted ART central nervous system (CNS) availability.

Results
We determined that cocaine had a selective impact on ART extravasation, where it increased FTC’s ability to cross the BBB while decreasing TFV. DTG concentrations that passed the BBB were below quantifiable limits. Interestingly, the potent neuroinflammatory modulator, lipopolysaccharide, had no effect on ART transport, suggesting a specificity for cocaine. Unexpectedly, cocaine did not breach the BBB, as permeability to albumin and 4 kDa FITC-dextran, as well as tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules remained unchanged. Rather, cocaine selectively decreased the pregnane-x receptor (PXR), but not constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Consequently, drug transporter expression and activity decreased in endothelial cells of the BBB, including p-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). Further, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymatic activity increased following cocaine treatment that coincided with decreased expression. Finally, cocaine modulated adenylate kinases that are required to facilitate biotransformation of ART prodrugs to their phosphorylated, pharmacologically active counterparts.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that additional considerations are needed in CNS HIV treatment strategies for people who use cocaine, as it may limit ART efficacy through regulation of drug transport and metabolizing pathways at the BBB.
The critically ill older patient with sepsis: a narrative review
Authors: Ibarz Mercedes , Haas Lenneke E. M. , Ceccato Adrián , Artigas Antonio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSepsis is a significant public health concern, particularly affecting individuals above 70 years in developed countries. This is a crucial fact due to the increasing aging population, their heightened vulnerability to sepsis, and the associated high mortality rates. However, the morbidity and long-term outcomes are even more notable. While many patients respond well to timely and appropriate interventions, it is imperative to enhance efforts in identifying, documenting, preventing, and treating sepsis. Managing sepsis in older patients poses greater challenges and necessitates a comprehensive understanding of predisposing factors and a heightened suspicion for diagnosing infections and assessing the risk of sudden deterioration into sepsis. Despite age often being considered an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity, recent research emphasizes the pivotal roles of frailty, disease severity, and comorbid conditions in influencing health outcomes. In addition, it is important to inquire about the patient's preferences and establish a personalized treatment plan that considers their potential for recovery with quality of life and functional outcomes. This review provides a summary of the most crucial aspects to consider when dealing with an old critically ill patient with sepsis.
Small object Lentinula Edodes logs contamination detection method based on improved YOLOv7 in edge-cloud computing
Authors: Chen Xuefei , Sun Shouxin , Chen Chao , Song Xinlong , Wu Qiulan , Zhang Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA small object Lentinus Edodes logs contamination detection method (SRW-YOLO) based on improved YOLOv7 in edge-cloud computing environment was proposed to address the problem of the difficulty in the detection of small object contaminated areas of Lentinula Edodes logs. First, the SPD (space-to-depth)-Conv was used to reconstruct the MP module to enhance the learning of effective features of Lentinula Edodes logs images and prevent the loss of small object contamination information, and improve the detection reliability of resource-limited edge devices. Meanwhile, RepVGG was introduced into the ELAN structure to improve the efficiency and accuracy of inference on the contaminated regions of Lentinula Edodes logs through structural reparameterization. This enables models to run more efficiently in mobile edge computing environments while reducing the burden on cloud computing servers. Finally, the boundary regression loss function was replaced with the WIoU (Wise-IoU) loss function, which focuses more on ordinary-quality anchor boxes and makes the model output results more accurate. In this study, the measures of Precision, Recall, and mAP@0.5 reached 97.63%, 96.43%, and 98.62%, respectively, which are 4.62%, 3.63%, and 2.31% higher compared to those for YOLOv7. Meanwhile, the SRW-YOLO model detects better compared with the current advanced one-stage object detection model, providing an efficient, accurate and practical small object detection solution in mobile edge computing environments and cloud computing scenarios.
Seasonality of associations between production of indigenous foods and food security status of mother-child dyads in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Tonui Kenneth Kipngeno , Onyango Agatha Christine , Ouma Collins 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Food insecurity is a major predicament for rural populations, especially mothers and children, whose livelihoods are often dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Indigenous foods have the potential of mitigating food insecurity as they can thrive in poor agro-ecological conditions. However, the associations between indigenous food production and food security status of mothers and children drawn from rural contexts has not been expansively assessed. Food insecurity evident by high food poverty rates remain high in Kisumu County due to over-reliance on food imports from other counties. The objective of the study was to assess seasonality in associations between production of selected indigenous foods (kidney beans, soya beans, millet, cassava, sweet potatoes, groundnuts, green grams, cow peas, amaranth leaves, spider plant leaves, black night shade leaves, mangoes, guavas, lime, and tamarind) and food security status of mothers and children during planting and harvesting seasons.

Methods
We used a longitudinal study design adopting both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A structured questionnaire assessed production of selected indigenous foods in the sampled households, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale for mother’s food security status and Prevalence of Underweight for children’s food security status. Ordinal logistic regression was used to derive odds ratio (OR), which assessed strength of associations between dependent variables (mother’s and children’s food security status) and independent variables (production of selected indigenous foods). Significance was determined at α ≤ 0.05.

Results
Results demonstrated that during planting season, production of kidney beans decreased the odds of mothers being severely food insecure by 53% (OR = 0.469, 95% CI = 0.228–0.964, p = 0.039). In the same season, sorghum production demonstrated 3.5 times increase in odds of children being severely food insecure (OR = 3.498, 95% CI = 1.454–8.418, p = 0.005). During harvesting season, production of kidney beans was associated with a 62% reduction in the odds of children being severely food insecure (OR = 0.379, 95% CI = 0.190–0.754, p = 0.006).

Conclusions
Production of some of the selected indigenous foods demonstrated significant odds of predicting mother’s and children’s food security status across both study seasons. An intervention-based study approach that would best establish causal associations of indigenous food production and food security status is recommended.
Semmes Weinstein monofilament test for detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: sensitivity and specificity
Authors: Aithal Vishnumoorthy , Bhat Smitha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Peripheral neuropathy predisposes to diabetic foot and this predilection is worsened by poorly controlled sugars. Diabetic foot increases the mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes. Thus, it is crucial to screen for diabetic polyneuropathy. Early detection of diabetic polyneuropathy improves foot care and decreases morbidity. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of Semmes Weinstein monofilament test in the diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Forty-three Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients availing IP/OP services of a Medical College Hospital were included for the study. Patients underwent Semmes Weinstein monofilament test, following which they were subjected to nerve conduction study of both lower limbs.

Results
Forty six and half percentage of patients had diabetic peripheral neuropathy, taking NCS as gold standard.Of these 80% of the cases were also detected by the monofilament test.The specificity of the monofilament test was 100%. Positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 85.19% and the overall accuracy of the test was 90.7%.

Conclusions
In this study, we found that sensitivity and specificity of the SWM test are fairly high; thus, it can be used as a valid screening tool for DPN in resource limited settings, such as India.
Short-term forecasting of German generation-based CO2 emission factors using parametric and non-parametric time series models
Authors: Ostermann Adrian , Bajrami Arian , Bogensperger Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on forecasting German generation-based CO2 emission factors to develop accurate prediction models, which help to shift flexible loads in time with low emissions. While most existing research relies on point forecasts to predict CO2 emission factors, the presented methods are utilized to perform interval forecasts. In addition, compared to other studies, recent data that extends over a long period is used. The study describes the used data and discusses the concept of walk-forward validation. Further, various models are employed and tuned to forecast the emission factors, including benchmark, parametric (e.g., SARIMAX), and non-parametric (bagging, random forest, gradient boosting, CNN, LSTM, MLP) models. The study reveals that all applied parametric and non-parametric models yield better results than the benchmark models, while the gradient boosting model has the lowest mean absolute error with 40.66 gCO2/kWh, the lowest mean absolute percentage error 8.17%, and the random forest has the lowest root mean square error with 57.61 gCO2/kWh. However, the potential of the deep learning models was not fully exploited. In a live application, the implementation effort should be evaluated against the benefit of better prediction.
Higher rates of fully preserved posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty using a double tibial cut: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cinotti Gianluca , Ripani Francesca Romana , Perciballi Beatrice , La Torre Giuseppe , Giannicola Giuseppe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty, posterior cruciate ligament damage may occur during tibial cutting. A prospective randomized study was conducted to investigate whether a novel tibial cutting technique was more effective than the currently used techniques.

Materials and methods
Patients undergoing cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty were recruited in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. In 25 patients (group 1) the tibial cut was performed using a double tibial cut technique; in 25 (group 2) and 25 (group 3) patients, the bone island and en bloc resection techniques were performed, respectively. Posterior cruciate ligament integrity and femoral rollback were assessed at the end of surgery. The Oxford Knee Score, WOMAC score and range of motion were assessed postoperatively.

Results
Posterior cruciate ligament was completely preserved in 92% of patients in group 1 and in 64% in group 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.03). The Oxford Knee Score and WOMAC scores did not differ between groups (p = 0.4). The mean knee flexion was 126.4°, 121.5° and 123.9° in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.04). The femoral rollback at 120° flexion was 80.7%, 72.2% and 75.4% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.01).

Conclusions
The double cut technique preserves the posterior cruciate ligament at significantly higher rates than the bone island or en bloc resection techniques. Better posterior cruciate ligament preservation may improve the femoral rollback and knee flexion.

Level of evidence
Prospective randomized controlled trial, Level I.
Association of Elevated Serum Branched-chain Amino Acid Levels With Longitudinal Skeletal Muscle Loss
Authors: Imai Dan , Nakanishi Naoko , Shinagawa Natsuko , Yamamoto Shinta , Ichikawa Takahiro , Sumi Madoka , Matsui Takaaki , Hosomi Yukako , Hasegawa Yuka , Munekawa Chihiro , Miyoshi Tomoki , Okamura Takuro , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Okada Hiroshi , Sakui Norihiro , Sasano Ryoichi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are substrates for protein synthesis. Although their intake may contribute to an increase in skeletal muscle mass, elevated serum BCAA levels have been reported to be associated with insulin resistance, potentially resulting in decreased skeletal muscle mass.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the association between elevated serum BCAA levels and longitudinal skeletal muscle loss.

Design and Setting
A cohort analysis was conducted, in which serum amino acids were analyzed in healthy individuals who underwent a medical health checkup at Kameoka Municipal Hospital (HOZUGAWA study), Japan.

Patients
Seventy-one participants (37 men and 34 women) underwent follow-up checkups after the baseline visit. The follow-up duration was 1.2 ± .4 years.

Main Outcome Measures
The relationship between fasting baseline serum BCAA levels and lifestyle factors, body composition, blood test results, dietary history, and changes in skeletal muscle mass was evaluated.

Results
In both men and women, serum BCAA levels were positively correlated with body weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and serum triglycerides but inversely correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In men, fasting serum BCAA levels were inversely associated with the rate of change in SMI (adjusted β = −.529, P = .006), and elevated BCAA levels were independently associated with a longitudinal decrease in skeletal muscle mass (odds ratio: 1.740; 95% confidence interval: 1.023-2.960 per 50 nmol/mL serum BCAAs increase).

Conclusion
Increased circulating BCAAs could be an indicator of skeletal muscle loss in men.
Essential fatty acid and analysis of their impact on the human body based on latest research
Authors: Taborska Nina , Martyka Anna , Kubicka-Figiel Martyna , Ujma Przemysław 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Fats contained in food are the most concentrated source of energy, fat-soluble vitamins and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (EFA). Of the four types of unsaturated acids, three main families have specific biological effects: omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9.
Objective of the work
The aim of the study was to review the current knowledge about the action and consumption of products rich in EFAs and to present the topic of conscious supplementation with "fashionable" omega acids.
Materials and methodology
A literature selection was performed from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were searched in English and Polish.
Results
Most research indicates the beneficial effect of omega acids on the human body. The recommended daily intake of omega fatty acids is a maximum of 3 grams. EFAs have a versatile effect - they have anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, and support our cardiovascular and autoimmune systems. They have a positive effect on the intestinal microflora and our skin.
Conclusions
Consumption of products rich in omega acids and their appropriate supplementation bring many health benefits. Nevertheless, the assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of various diseases requires further detailed research.
Solving Sparse Separable Bilinear Programs Using Lifted Bilinear Cover Inequalities
Authors: Gu Xiaoyi , Dey Santanu S. , Richard Jean-Philippe P. 
Published: January 2024

Recently a class of second-order cone representable convex inequalities called lifted bilinear cover inequalities were introduced, which are valid for a set described by a separable bilinear constraint together with bounds on variables. In this paper, we study the computational potential of these inequalities for separable bilinear optimization problems. We first prove that the semidefinite programming relaxation provides no benefit over the McCormick relaxation for such problems. We then design a simple randomized separation heuristic for lifted bilinear cover inequalities. In our computational experiments, we separate many rounds of these inequalities starting from McCormick’s relaxation of instances where each constraint is a separable bilinear constraint set. We demonstrate that there is a significant improvement in the performance of a state-of-the-art global solver in terms of gap closed, when these inequalities are added at the root node compared with when they are not. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms – Discrete. Funding: S. S. Dey gratefully acknowledges the support by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N000141912323].
Approximate Kernel Learning Uncertainty Set for Robust Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Loger Benoît , Dolgui Alexandre , Lehuédé Fabien , Massonnet Guillaume 
Published: January 2024

Support vector clustering (SVC) has been proposed in the literature as a data-driven approach to build uncertainty sets in robust optimization. Unfortunately, the resulting SVC-based uncertainty sets induces a large number of additional variables and constraints in the robust counterpart of mathematical formulations. We propose a two-phase method to approximate the resulting uncertainty sets and overcome these tractability issues. This method is controlled by a parameter defining a trade-off between the quality of the approximation and the complexity of the robust models formulated. We evaluate the approximation method on three distinct, well-known optimization problems. Experimental results show that the approximated uncertainty set leads to solutions that are comparable to those obtained with the classic SVC-based uncertainty set with a significant reduction of the computation time. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design and Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by the German-French Academy for the Industry of the Future [Data-driven collaboration in Industrial Supply Chains project].
Effectiveness of a kinesio-taping-based treatment in stage IV sacral pressure ulcers in older patients: a pilot study
Authors: Badino Giorgio , Veronese Nicola , Cella Alberto 
Published: January 2024

Objective: As reduced tissue vascularity is one of the mechanisms that prevent skin ulcers from healing, treatments that can improve local circulation could accelerate their clinical resolution. Given that kinesio-taping (KT) can improve tissue blood circulation and lymphatic drainage, we aimed to determine whether applying KT close to stage IV pressure ulcers (PUs) could improve their healing. Method: Older patients with stage IV sacral PUs, and impaired mobility and functional dependency who were consecutively admitted in a six-month period to the Home Care service of Galliera Hospital (Genoa, Italy) were screened for participation in this pilot clinical trial. Patients' PUs were divided into two treatment areas—in the experimental intervention, KT was applied close to a portion of the PU, while the contralateral portion of the same lesion was treated according to the standard protocol (‘control’). The surface reduction of both portions was measured every four days, for a total of five examinations (timepoints (T2–T6) after the baseline evaluation (T1). Results: A total of 12 patients (male=5, female=7; mean age 78.83±8.94 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. At all timepoints (T2–T6), the mean percentage reduction was significantly greater in KT-treated areas than in control areas: T2=20.66% versus 6.17%, respectively; p<0.001; T3=37.33% versus 17.31%, respectively; p<0.001; T4=57.01% versus 30.06%, respectively; p<0.001; T5=69.04% versus 40.55%, respectively; p<0.001; and T6=80.34% versus 51.91%, respectively; p<0.001. Furthermore, from T3 onwards, a significantly higher number of KT-treated areas than control areas had halved in size, the maximum difference being recorded at T5 (10 versus two, respectively; p=0.002). Conclusion: From the findings of this pilot study, KT would seem to be an effective, rapid, low-cost therapy for advanced sacral PUs in older patients with impaired mobility and functional dependency. Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Efficacy of one-hour negative pressure wound therapy and magnetic field energy in wound healing
Authors: Ozer Aysel Y , Keskin İlknur , Kelestemur Taha , Ayturk Nilufer , Ersavas Cenk , Gunal Mehmet Y 
Published: January 2024

Objective: Wound healing is an important aspect of health but needs further research to identify the effects and interactions of different treatment approaches on healing. The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of one-hour negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and compare histological differences between one-hour NPWT and magnetic field energy (MFE) in rats on early-stage wound healing, wound size and angiogenesis. Method: Standardised wounds were created on Wistar rats that were allocated and divided into NPWT, MFE and control groups. Both treatments were applied for 1 hour/day for 10 days. Wound size, histological changes and wound area blood flow were assessed. Results: The wound size of all groups was similar on days 0, 2 and 10. The MFE group's wound size was smaller than the NPWT group on days 4, 6 and 8 (p<0.05). Development of the granulation tissue in both the one-hour NPWT and MFE groups was greater than in the control group. Additionally, the inflammatory phase was shorter, and wounds entered the proliferative stage faster in the MFE group than both of the other groups. Conclusion: Treatment with MFE may be more effective in terms of early stage wound closure and angiogenesis. On the other hand, the NPWT group's wound area blood flow was significantly greater than the other two groups. MFE is superior to one-hour NPWT in terms of wound area and angiogenesis. Furthermore, it is worthwhile to note that one-hour NPWT increases bloodflow in the wound area, which stimulates healing.