bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection and Classification of Modic Changes in MRI Images Using Deep Learning: Intelligent Assisted Diagnosis System
Authors: Liu Gang , Wang Lei , You Sheng‐nan , Wang Zhi , Zhu Shan , Chen Chao , Ma Xin‐long , Yang Lei , Zhang Shuai , Yang Qiang 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveModic changes (MCs) are the most prevalent classification system for describing intravertebral MRI signal intensity changes. However, interpreting these intricate MRI images is a complex and time‐consuming process. This study investigates the performance of single shot multibox detector (SSD) and ResNet18 network‐based automatic detection and classification of MCs. Additionally, it compares the inter‐observer agreement and observer‐classifier agreement in MCs diagnosis to validate the feasibility of deep learning network‐assisted detection of classified MCs.MethodA retrospective analysis of 140 patients with MCs who underwent MRI diagnosis and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in Tianjin Hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 was used as the internal dataset. This group consisted of 55 males and 85 females, aged 25 to 89 years, with a mean age of (59.0 ± 13.7) years. An external test dataset of 28 patients, who met the same criteria and were assessed using different MRI equipment at Tianjin Hospital, was also gathered, including 11 males and 17 females, aged 31 to 84 years, with a mean age of 62.7 ± 10.9 years. After Physician 1 (with 15 years of experience) annotated all MRI images, the internal dataset was imported into the deep learning model for training. The model comprises an SSD network for lesion localization and a ResNet18 network for lesion classification. Performance metrics, including accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, confusion matrix, and inter‐observer agreement parameter Kappa value, were used to evaluate the model's performance on the internal and external datasets. Physician 2 (with 1 year of experience) re‐labeled the internal and external test datasets to compare the inter‐observer agreement and observer‐classifier agreement.ResultsIn the internal dataset, when models were utilized for the detection and classification of MCs, the accuracy, recall, precision and F1 score reached 86.25%, 87.77%, 84.92% and 85.60%, respectively. The Kappa value of the inter‐observer agreement was 0.768 (95% CI: 0.656, 0.847),while observer‐classifier agreement was 0.717 (95% CI: 0.589, 0.809).In the external test dataset, the model's the accuracy, recall, precision and F1 scores for diagnosing MCs reached 75%, 77.08%, 77.80% and 74.97%, respectively. The inter‐observer agreement was 0.681 (95% CI: 0.512, 0.677), and observer‐classifier agreement was 0.519 (95% CI: 0.290, 0.690).ConclusionThe model demonstrated strong performance in detecting and classifying MCs, achieving high agreement with physicians in MCs diagnosis. These results suggest that deep learning models have the potential to facilitate the application of intelligent assisted diagnosis techniques in the field of spine research.
Modeling and Influence Factors Analysis of Refueling Emissions for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wu Xudong , He Ren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vehicle fuel evaporative emissions are an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), causing serious pollution to the environment. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) often use high-pressure fuel tank to seal the fuel vapor generated by running loss (RL), hot soak loss (HSL), and diurnal breathing loss (DBL) in the fuel tank, resulting in increased refueling emissions. With the widespread use of PHEVs, the issue of refueling emissions cannot be ignored. In this study, according to the working characteristics of PHEV, the refueling process is divided into depressurization phase and refueling phase, and a mathematical model is established for the fuel vapor emission process. The mathematical model is solved and calculated by using matlab, and compared with the experimental results. The error between experimental and calculated results of refueling emissions is only 2.45%, indicating that the established mathematical model can accurately predict the refueling emissions of PHEVs. The refueling emission experiment activities are carried out, and the influencing factors of PHEV refueling emission are discussed, including initial pressure, ambient temperature, and refueling temperature. The effect of the temperature difference between ambient temperature and refueling temperature on refueling emissions is discussed for the first time, and it is found that refueling temperature has a more significant impact on refueling emissions compared with ambient temperature. When refueling temperature increases to 303 K and 313 K compared to 293 K, refueling emission mass increases by 31.97% and 69.88% respectively.
Optimal Control of District Cooling Energy Plant With Reinforcement Learning and Model Predictive Control
Authors: Guo Zhong , Chaudhari Aditya , Coffman Austin R. , Barooah Prabir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider the problem of optimal control of district cooling energy plants (DCEPs) consisting of multiple chillers, a cooling tower, and a thermal energy storage (TES), in the presence of time-varying electricity prices. A straightforward application of model predictive control (MPC) requires solving a challenging mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) because of the on/off of chillers and the complexity of the DCEP model. Reinforcement learning (RL) is an attractive alternative since its real-time control computation is much simpler. But designing an RL controller is challenging due to myriad design choices and computationally intensive training. In this paper, we propose an RL controller and an MPC controller for minimizing the electricity cost of a DCEP, and compare them via simulations. The two controllers are designed to be comparable in terms of objective and information requirements. The RL controller uses a novel Q-learning algorithm that is based on least-squares policy iteration. We describe the design choices for the RL controller, including the choice of state space and basis functions, that are found to be effective. The proposed MPC controller does not need a mixed-integer solver for implementation, but only a nonlinear program (NLP) solver. A rule-based baseline controller is also proposed to aid in comparison. Simulation results show that the proposed RL and MPC controllers achieve similar savings over the baseline controller, about 17%.
Development of simple, rapid, and sensitive methods for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA from whole blood using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Pauly Matthew D. , Weis-Torres Sabrina , Hayden Tonya M. , Ganova-Raeva Lilia M. , Kamili Saleem 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an underdiagnosed global health problem. Diagnosis of current HCV infections typically requires testing for HCV RNA using high-complexity laboratory tests. Methods for the detection of HCV RNA that are simple, inexpensive, rapid, and compatible with use outside of a laboratory setting are very important in order to improve access to hepatitis C diagnostic testing and facilitate accelerated linkage to care. We developed and evaluated three simple workflows for extracting HCV RNA from small volumes of whole blood for use in a sensitive, pan-genotypic RT-LAMP assay. The water workflow uses osmotic stress to release HCV RNA and has a limit of detection of 4.3 log
10
(IU/mL) (95% CI 4.0–4.9). The heat workflow uses a heating step to release HCV RNA and has a limit of detection of 4.2 log
10
(IU/mL) (95% CI 3.8–5.1). The bead workflow, which uses chemical lysis of the sample and a streamlined paramagnetic solid phase reversible immobilization bead procedure for nucleic acid purification, has a limit of detection of 2.8 log
10
(IU/mL) (95% CI 2.5–3.4). When used to test whole blood spiked with HCV RNA-positive plasma samples in which most HCV levels were below 5.0 log
10
(IU/mL), the water, heat, and bead workflows detected HCV RNA in 69%, 75%, and 94% of samples, respectively. These workflows are compatible with visual lateral flow dipsticks, and each takes less than 60 min from sample to result. Each workflow can be performed with minimal and inexpensive equipment. With further procedural simplifications, these workflows may form the basis of assays for the point-of-care diagnosis of HCV infections.
Low-temperature immunization attenuates the residual virulence of
orf074r
gene-deleted infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus: a candidate immersion vaccine
Authors: Zeng Ruoyun , Fu Jiajie , Pan Weiqiang , Zhan Zhipeng , Weng Shaoping , Guo Changjun , He Jianguo 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

The development of immersion vaccines for preventing viral aquatic infectious diseases is important for Asian aquaculture. Gene-deletion-attenuated vaccines have good potential for administration via immersion. However, most gene-deletion viruses still have residual virulence, and thus, gene-deletion immersion vaccines for aquatic viruses are rarely developed. Herein, an
orf074r
deletion strain (Δ
orf074r
) of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) with residual virulence was constructed, and an immunization process was developed to further attenuate Δ
orf074r
at low temperature (22°C), making it a candidate immersion vaccine for ISKNV. Under conventional aquaculture temperatures (28°C), Δ
orf074r
was attenuated but still had a mortality rate of 46.7% in the mandarin fish
Siniperca chuatsi
, indicating that Δ
orf074r
was not suitable for development as an immersion vaccine. However, over 95% of the surviving fish were protected against ISKNV challenge, and the surviving fish had an increased innate response along with an increase in antiviral antibody levels. To further reduce the mortality rate of Δ
orf074r
, we carried out immersion experiments at 22°C. The results showed that the residual virulence of Δ
orf074r
was further reduced, and all fish survived after immersion in Δ
orf074r
at 22°C. Then, the immunized fish were maintained at 28°C, and 80% of them were protected against ISKNV challenge; their immune responses were also induced. These results suggested that Δ
orf074r
could be a candidate immersion vaccine against ISKNV at 22°C and has good application prospects in the fish farming industry. Our work will aid in the development of an aquatic gene-deletion live attenuated immersion vaccine.

IMPORTANCE

Global aquaculture production yielded a record of 122.9 million tons in 2022. However, ~10% of farmed aquatic animal production is lost each year due to various infectious diseases, resulting in substantial economic waste. Therefore, the development of vaccines is important for the prevention and control of aquatic infectious diseases. Gene-deletion live attenuated vaccines are efficacious because they mimic natural pathogen infection and generate a strong antibody response, thus showing good potential for administration via immersion. However, most gene-deletion viruses still have residual virulence, and thus, gene-deletion immersion vaccines for aquatic viruses are rarely developed. In this study, an
orf074r
deletion strain (Δ
orf074r
) of ISKNV with residual virulence was constructed, and an immunization process was developed to reduce its residual virulence at 22°C, thereby making it a potential immersion vaccine against ISKNV. Our work will aid in the development of an aquatic gene-deletion live-attenuated immersion vaccine.
Morphology of the mural and commissural atrioventricular junction of the mitral valve
Authors: Krawczyk-Ożóg Agata , Batko Jakub , Zdzierak Barbara , Dziewierz Artur , Tyrak Kamil , Bolechała Filip , Kopacz Paweł , Strona Marcin , Gil Krzysztof , Hołda Jakub , Hołda Mateusz K 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study investigates mitral annular disjunctions (MAD) in the atrial wall-mitral annulus-ventricular wall junction along the mural mitral leaflet and commissures.MethodsWe examined 224 adult human hearts (21.9% females, 47.9±17.6 years) devoid of cardiovascular diseases (especially mitral valve disease). These hearts were obtained during forensic medical autopsies conducted between January 2018 and June 2021. MAD was defined as a spatial displacement (≥2 mm) of the leaflet hinge line towards the left atrium. We provided a detailed morphometric analysis (disjunction height) and histological examination of MADs.ResultsMADs were observed in 19.6% of all studied hearts. They appeared in 12.1% of mural leaflets. The P1 scallop was the primary site for disjunctions (8.9%), followed by the P2 scallop (5.4%) and P3 scallop (4.5%). MADs were found in 9.8% of all superolateral and 5.8% of all inferoseptal commissures. The average height for leaflet MADs was 3.0±0.6 mm, whereas that for commissural MADs was 2.1±0.5 mm (p<0.0001). The microscopical arrangement of MADs in both the mural leaflet and commissures revealed a disjunction shifted towards left atrial aspect, filled with connective tissue and covered by elongated valve annulus. The size of the MAD remained remarkably uniform and showed no correlation with other anthropometric factors (all p>0.05).ConclusionsIn the cohort of the patients with healthy hearts, MAD is present in about 20% of all studied hearts. The MADs identified tend to be localised, confined to a single scallop. Moreover, MADs in the commissures are notably smaller than those in the mural leaflet.
Novel uses for implanted haemodynamic monitoring in adults with subaortic right ventricles
Authors: Marshall V William H , Mah May Ling , DeSalvo Jennifer , Rajpal Saurabh , Lastinger Lauren T , Salavitabar Arash , Armstrong Aimee K , Berman Darren , Lampert Brent , Wright Lydia K , Hickey Jenne , Metzger Rachel , Nandi Deipanjan , Gajarski Robert , Daniels Curt J 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in patients with complete dextro-transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after atrial switch (D-TGA/AS) and congenitally corrected TGA (ccTGA). In this population with subaortic right ventricles (sRVs), echocardiography is a poor screening tool for PH; implantable invasive haemodynamic monitoring (IHM) could be used for this purpose, but data are limited. The aim of this study is to report on novel uses of IHM in patients with sRV.MethodsThis retrospective study describes the uses of IHM, impact of IHM on heart failure hospitalisation (HFH) and device-related complications in adults with sRV from a single centre (2015–2022).ResultsIHM was placed in 18 patients with sRV (median age 43 (range 30–54) years, 8 female, 16 with D-TGA/AS, 2 with ccTGA); 16 had moderate or severe sRV systolic dysfunction, 13 had PH on catheterisation. IHM was used for (1) Medical therapy titration, (2) Medical management after ventricular assist device in patients with transplant-limiting PH and (3) Serial monitoring of pulmonary artery pressures without repeat catheterisations to help identify the optimal time for heart transplant referral. In follow-up (median 23 months), HFHs/year were similar to the year prior to IHM (median 0 (IQR 0–1.0) before vs 0 (0–0.8) after, p=0.984). Device migration occurred in one, without long-term sequelae.ConclusionsUses of IHM in patients with sRV are described which may minimise the need for serial catheterisations in a population where PH is prevalent. HFHs were low overall but not impacted by IHM. One device-related complication occurred without long-term consequence.
Comprehensive analyses of immune tumor microenvironment in papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: de Vries-Brilland Manon , Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie , Meylan Maxime , Dauvé Jonathan , Passot Christophe , Spirina-Menand Elena , Flippot Ronan , Fromont Gaëlle , Gravis Gwenaelle , Geoffrois Lionnel , Chevreau Christine , Rolland Fréderic , Blanc Ellen , Lefort Félix , Ravaud Alain , Gross-Goupil Marine , Escudier Bernard , Negrier Sylvie , Albiges Laurence 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPapillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC, and associated with poor outcomes in the metastatic setting. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the immune tumor microenvironment (TME), largely unknown, of patients with metastatic pRCC and identify potential therapeutic targets.MethodsWe performed quantitative gene expression analysis of TME using Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter (MCP-counter) methodology, on two independent cohorts of localized pRCC (n=271 and n=98). We then characterized the TME, using immunohistochemistry (n=38) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) (n=30) on metastatic pRCC from the prospective AXIPAP trial cohort.ResultsUnsupervised clustering identified two “TME subtypes”, in each of the cohorts: the “immune-enriched” and the “immune-low”. Within AXIPAP trial cohort, the “immune-enriched” cluster was significantly associated with a worse prognosis according to the median overall survival to 8 months (95% CI, 6 to 29) versus 37 months (95% CI, 20 to NA, p=0.001). The two immune signatures, Teff and JAVELIN Renal 101 Immuno signature, predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in clear cell RCC, were significantly higher in the “immune-enriched” group (adjusted p<0.05). Finally, five differentially overexpressed genes were identified, corresponding mainly to B lymphocyte populations.ConclusionFor the first time, using RNA-seq and immunohistochemistry, we have highlighted a specific immune TME subtype of metastatic pRCC, significantly more infiltrated with T and B immune population. This “immune-enriched” group appears to have a worse prognosis and could have a potential predictive value for response to immunotherapy, justifying the confirmation of these results in a cohort of metastatic pRCC treated with CPI and in combination with targeted therapies.Trial registration numberNCT02489695.
Targeting myeloid checkpoint Siglec-10 reactivates antitumor immunity and improves anti-programmed cell death 1 efficacy in gastric cancer
Authors: Lv Kunpeng , Sun Mengyao , Fang Hanji , Wang Jieti , Lin Chao , Liu Hao , Zhang Heng , Li He , He Hongyong , Gu Yun , Li Ruochen , Shao Fei , Xu Jiejie 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveImmunotherapy has not yielded satisfactory therapeutic responses in gastric cancer (GC). However, targeting myeloid checkpoints holds promise for expanding the potential of immunotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the critical role of Siglec-10+tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in regulating antitumor immunity and to explore the potential of the myeloid checkpoint Siglec-10 as an interventional target.DesignSiglec-10+TAMs were assessed based on immunohistochemistry on tumor microarrays and RNA-sequencing data. Flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis were employed to characterize the phenotypic and transcriptional features of Siglec-10+TAMs and their impact on CD8+T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. The effectiveness of Siglec-10 blockade, either alone or in combination with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), was evaluated using an ex vivo GC tumor fragment platform based on fresh tumor tissues.ResultsSiglec-10 was predominantly expressed on TAMs in GC, and associated with tumor progression. In Zhongshan Hospital cohort, Siglec-10+TAMs predicted unfavorable prognosis (n=446, p<0.001) and resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy (n=331, p<0.001), which were further validated in exogenous cohorts. In the Samsung Medical Center cohort, Siglec-10+TAMs demonstrated inferior response to pembrolizumab in GC (n=45, p=0.008). Furthermore, Siglec-10+TAMs exhibited an immunosuppressive phenotype and hindered T cell-mediated antitumor immune response. Finally, blocking Siglec-10 reinvigorated the antitumor immune response and synergistically enhances anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in an ex vivo GC tumor fragment platform.ConclusionsIn GC, the myeloid checkpoint Siglec-10 contributes to the regulation of immunosuppressive property of TAMs and promotes the depletion of CD8+T cells, ultimately facilitating immune evasion. Targeting Siglec-10 represents a potential strategy for immunotherapy in GC.
The (Personal) Experience of Values – Scheler and Hildebrand
Authors: Neumann Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are several problems in conceiving of value experience in early phenomenology. What exactly does the experience of a value consist in? How are we to determine the morality of an action that is based on a value which is, as a reality in and of itself, imposed on us from without? How is the experience of values related to the person and in what way can an intuitive value response be reconciled with the application of acquired, personal value stances? In a joint reading of the early works of Max Scheler and Dietrich von Hildebrand, I propose a systematic solution to these various problems which revolve around the non-reflective self-awareness that a value experience entails: we cannot experience the real, material value quality without changing as persons. Rather than reflecting on an object, we experience the value as ourselves, dynamically reacting to it in the context of a given situation.
ʿAjamī Literacies of Africa: The Hausa, Fula, Mandinka, and Wolof Traditions
Authors: Ngom Fallou , Rodima-Taylor Daivi , Robinson David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
African ʿAjamī literatures hold a wealth of knowledge on the history and intellectual traditions of the region but are largely unknown to the larger public. Our special issue seeks to enhance a broader understanding of this important part of the Islamic world, exploring the ʿAjamī literatures and literacies of four main language groups of Muslim West Africa: Hausa, Mandinka, Fula, and Wolof. Through increasing access to primary sources in ʿAjamī and utilizing an innovative multimedia approach, our research contributes to an interpretive and comparative analysis of African ʿAjamī literacy, with its multiple purposes, forms, and custodians. Our Editorial Introduction to the special issue discusses the building blocks and historical development of ʿAjamī cultures in West Africa, outlines the longitudinal collaborative research initiatives that our special issue draws upon, and explores the challenges and opportunities for participatory knowledge-making that accompany the rise of digital technologies in the study of African literatures and literacies.
Consciousness Is Quantum State Reduction Which Creates the Flow of Time
Authors: Hameroff Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In neuroscience, the flow of time is a conscious experience produced by the brain. But in physics, time is either a process, or a dimension in four-dimensional spacetime geometry. Could all three explanations be correct? The Penrose–Hameroff ‘Orch OR’ theory suggests consciousness is a sequence of discrete, irreversible quantum state reductions occurring at an objective threshold (‘objective reduction’, ‘OR’) a process in fundamental spacetime geometry. These ‘self-collapses’ of the quantum wavefunction are ‘orchestrated’ in microtubules inside brain neurons. Each Orch OR event selects microtubule states which purposefully regulate neuronal functions, and provide sequences of ‘NOW’ moments of conscious experience. Connected to fundamental spacetime geometry by Penrose ‘OR’, consciousness is quantum state reduction, a set of irreversible steps which ‘ratchet forward’ in the fine scale geometry of the universe, creating a flow of time.
Borderlands and Linguistic Mestizaje in US Puerto Rican Literature
Authors: DiLiberto Stacey L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effects of neocolonialism, multilingualism, and forced migration on the United States Puerto Rican community have produced notable literary expressions that merit further study for their use of code-switching and hybridization. Using Gloria Anzaldúa’s concept of the “Borderland” as a framework, this paper explores “Nuyorican” poetry as well as the bilingual, bicultural reality for Puerto Ricans in the United States who cross both physical and metaphorical borders and who find liberation living in between languages and cultures.