bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional diversity of microbial eukaryotes in a meromictic lake: Coupling between metatranscriptomic and a trait‐based approach
Authors: Monjot Arthur , Bronner Gisèle , Courtine Damien , Cruaud Corinne , Da Silva Corinne , Aury Jean‐Marc , Gavory Frederick , Moné Anne , Vellet Agnès , Wawrzyniak Ivan , Colombet Jonathan , Billard Hermine , Debroas Didier , Lepère Cécile 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe advent of high‐throughput sequencing has led to the discovery of a considerable diversity of microbial eukaryotes in aquatic ecosystems, nevertheless, their function and contribution to the trophic food web functioning remain poorly characterized especially in freshwater ecosystems. Based on metabarcoding data obtained from a meromictic lake ecosystem (Pavin, France), we performed a morpho‐physio‐phenological traits‐based approach to infer functional groups of microbial eukaryotes. Metatranscriptomic data were also analysed to assess the metabolic potential of these groups across the diel cycle, size fraction, sampling depth, and periods. Our analysis highlights a huge microbial eukaryotic diversity in the monimolimnion characterized by numerous saprotrophs expressing transcripts related to sulfur and nitrate metabolism as well as dissolved and particulate organic matter degradation. We also describe strong seasonal variations of microbial eukaryotes in the mixolimnion, especially for parasites and mixoplankton. It appears that the water mixing (occurring during spring and autumn) which benefits photosynthetic host communities also promotes parasitic fungi dissemination and over‐expression of genes involved in the zoospore phototaxis and stage transition in the parasitic cycle. Mixoplanktonic haptophytes over‐expressing photosynthesis‐, endocytosis‐ and phagosome‐linked genes under nutrient limitation also suggest that phagotrophy may provide them an advantage over non‐phagotrophic phytoplankton.
Population structure and conservation of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola in a West African rainforest area
Authors: Agwu Onyebuchi Patrick , Bakayoko Adama , Jimoh Saka Oladunni , Ogana Friday Nwabueze , Kanu Chidozie , Stefan Porembski 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNative multi‐purpose tree species in West Africa, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola have the potential to advance agroforestry practices in the sub‐region. There is limited information on the ecology of both species which are currently characterised by low yield (fruit). This study investigated the influences of vegetation type on the population structure and floral association of both species in Nigeria. Data were collected using a purposive sampling design. Dendrometric variables of all the subject trees were measured, and all plant species associated with the subject tree species were enumerated across their places of natural occurrence. A 3‐parameter Weibull Distribution Function was used to describe both species' diameter and height structures. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 84 and 71 plant species were found accompanying G. kola and C. nitida, respectively, in both zones. The height and stem diameter distribution of the two species showed a bell‐shape population structure, suggesting an unstable demographic pattern. The diameter distribution is skewed to the right, indicating the predominance of adult individuals. The height–diameter relationships show a monotonic increment. Both species coexist freely with other species and can be used in agroforestry practices.
Combining avidin with CD63 improves basophil activation test accuracy in classifying peanut allergy
Authors: Castaño Nicolas , Chua Kaiser , Kaushik Abhinav , Kim Sungu , Cordts Seth C. , Nafarzadegan Ceena D. , Hofmann Grady H. , Seastedt Hana , Schuetz Jackson P. , Dunham Diane , Parsons Ella S. , Tsai Mindy , Cao Shu , Desai Manisha , Sindher Sayantani B. , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Galli Stephen J. , Nadeau Kari C. , Tang Sindy K. Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundConventional basophil activation tests (BATs) measure basophil activation by the increased expression of CD63. Previously, fluorophore‐labeled avidin, a positively‐charged molecule, was found to bind to activated basophils, which tend to expose negatively charged granule constituents during degranulation. This study further compares avidin versus CD63 as basophil activation biomarkers in classifying peanut allergy.MethodsSeventy subjects with either a peanut allergy (N = 47), a food allergy other than peanut (N = 6), or no food allergy (N = 17) were evaluated. We conducted BATs in response to seven peanut extract (PE) concentrations (0.01–10,000 ng/mL) and four control conditions (no stimulant, anti‐IgE, fMLP (N‐formylmethionine‐leucyl‐phenylalanine), and anti‐FcεRI). We measured avidin binding and CD63 expression on basophils with flow cytometry. We evaluated logistic regression and XGBoost models for peanut allergy classification and feature identification.ResultsAvidin binding was correlated with CD63 expression. Both markers discriminated between subjects with and without a peanut allergy. Although small by percentage, an avidin+/CD63− cell subset was found in all allergic subjects tested, indicating that the combination of avidin and CD63 could allow a more comprehensive identification of activated basophils. Indeed, we obtained the best classification accuracy (97.8% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity) by combining avidin and CD63 across seven PE doses. Similar accuracy was obtained by combining PE dose of 10,000 ng/mL for avidin and PE doses of 10 and 100 ng/mL for CD63.ConclusionsAvidin and CD63 are reliable BAT activation markers associated with degranulation. Their combination enhances the identification of activated basophils and improves the classification accuracy of peanut allergy.
Kaempferol exerts antioxidant effects in age‐related diminished ovarian reserve by regulating the HSP90/NRF2 pathway
Authors: Hua Zhoujia , Zhang Wei , Han Lin , Zhang Yuwei , Jiang Xuejuan , Ding Caifei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKaempferol is the active ingredient of Er‐Xian decoction (EXD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula used clinically to treat ovarian dysfunction, but the mechanism of kaempferol relieving age‐related diminished ovarian reserve (AR‐DOR) is still unclear. In this study, 36 volunteers and 78 DOR patients (37 patients with EXD treatment) were enrolled in the clinical research. Meanwhile, 32‐week‐old female mice were used to establish the AR‐DOR model, and these model mice were intragastrically administered with 100 mg/kg kaempferol in the presence or absence of 200 mg/kg geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) or 1 mg/kg geldanamycin (GDA). The effects of kaempferol on serum hormone levels and oxidative stress‐related indexes were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Antral follicle count (AFC) was determined by hematoxylin–eosin staining. The protein levels of HSP90 and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) were assayed by Western blot. This study displayed that the serum anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) level in DOR patients with EXD treatment was higher than that in DOR patients without EXD treatment. Kaempferol treatment reversed the low levels of AMH, estradiol (E2), AFC, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as the high levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malonaldehyde (MDA). The results showed that HSP90 was predicted to have high affinity with kaempferol, and its expression was inhibited by kaempferol, while the expression of NRF2, the target of HSP90, was up‐regulated by kaempferol. However, the above effects of kaempferol were reversed by GGA. On the contrary, GDA enhanced the therapeutic effects of kaempferol on AR‐DOR mice. Moreover, the treatment of kaempferol resulted in a reduction in the phosphorylation level of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the transcription factor associated with HSP90, and an increase in the phosphorylation level of Src, a client protein of HSP90. In summary, kaempferol exerts an antioxidant effect on AR‐DOR by inhibiting HSP90 expression to up‐regulate NRF2 expression. This study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of kaempferol in AR‐DOR.
The Fusion Clinic: Integrating the care of people with severe mental illness and diabetes
Authors: Rønne Sabrina Trappaud , Hansen Anne B. , Zabell Vicki , Santos Monica , Olsen Mette Wallbohm , Iversen Peter Bindslev , Tarnow Lise , Holt Richard I. G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimPeople with coexisting severe mental illness (SMI) and type 2 diabetes have a shorter life expectancy and poorer diabetes outcomes than those without SMI. This is partly explained by the separate treatment of diabetes and SMI, which occurs in parallel silos in many healthcare systems. The Steno Diabetes Center Sjaelland and Region Zealand established the Fusion Clinic to offer combined psychiatric and diabetes care delivered by both diabetes and mental healthcare professionals. This study describes how the clinic was established and the initial diabetes outcomes.MethodsThe Fusion Clinic was co‐designed by people with diabetes and SMI and healthcare professionals to improve the care of adults with diabetes and SMI. The clinic approach utilised the F‐ACT model. The 63 people referred to the Fusion Clinic between 01.02.2020 and 01.01.2022 who attended the clinic for more than 6 months were included in this study. Diabetes outcomes were recorded in the electronic medical records (Sundhedsplatformen EPIC).ResultsThere was a high prevalence of diabetes complications at baseline. Furthermore, 70% had one or more additional concomitant diseases, as well as SMI and diabetes. Assessment of diabetes complications and measurements of HbA1c and lipid profile improved after referral to the clinic. HbA1c declined during the first 6 months of attendance at the clinic.ConclusionsThis model of service delivery has the potential to improve the quality of care for people with SMI and type 2 diabetes.
Comparing Large‐Scale Assessments in Two Proctoring Modalities with Interactive Log Data Analysis
Authors: Shin Jinnie , Guo Qi , Morin Maxim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the increased restrictions on physical distancing due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, remote proctoring has emerged as an alternative to traditional onsite proctoring to ensure the continuity of essential assessments, such as computer‐based medical licensing exams. Recent literature has highlighted the significant impact of different proctoring modalities on examinees’ test experience, including factors like response‐time data. However, the potential influence of these differences on test performance has remained unclear. One limitation in the current literature is the lack of a rigorous learning analytics framework to evaluate the comparability of computer‐based exams delivered using various proctoring settings. To address this gap, the current study aims to introduce a machine‐learning‐based framework that analyzes computer‐generated response‐time data to investigate the association between proctoring modalities in high‐stakes assessments. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this framework using empirical data collected from a large‐scale high‐stakes medical licensing exam conducted in Canada. By applying the machine‐learning‐based framework, we were able to extract examinee‐specific response‐time data for each proctoring modality and identify distinct time‐use patterns among examinees based on their proctoring modality.
Effectiveness of the mentalisation‐based serious game ‘You & I’ for adults with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Derks Suzanne D. M. , Willemen Agnes M. , Wouda Mirjam , Sterkenburg Paula S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMentalising and stress regulation pose challenges for adults with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID), emphasising the importance of an intervention program. The study examined the effectiveness and social validity of the serious game ‘You & I’ in enhancing mentalising and stress regulation among adults with MBID.MethodA randomised controlled superiority trial with experimental and waitlist‐control groups was conducted with 159 adults with MBID (Mage = 36) at baseline, post‐test, and follow‐up. Analyses investigated the effects on aspects of mentalising, stress regulation, and social validity.ResultsThe experimental group showed decreased stress from negative interpersonal relations, while the control group experienced increased stress (d = 0.26). There were no significant effects on mentalising, but positive user expectations and experiences were reported.ConclusionsThis initial study on ‘You & I’ provides limited evidence of its effectiveness for people with MBID, warranting further examination of the potential of serious games.
Impaired communication ability in SOX11 syndrome
Authors: Smith H. , Al‐Jawahiri R. , Stokes L. , Freeth M. , Fricke S. , Matthews D. , McNeill A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpeech and language skills are important for social interaction and learning. This study characterised the communication abilities of verbal individuals with SOX11 syndrome using a standardised parent/carer questionnaire, the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC‐2).MethodThirteen parent/carers of verbal individuals (aged 5–19 years) diagnosed with SOX11 syndrome completed the CCC‐2. In order to contextualise findings, responses were compared to norms and to data from Noonan syndrome, a relatively well‐known genetic diagnosis associated with communication impairment.ResultsFor all individuals, the CCC‐2 composite score indicated significant communication difficulties. Language structure (speech, syntax, semantics and coherence), pragmatic language (inappropriate initiation, stereotyped language use of context and non‐verbal communication) and autistic features (social relations and interests) scores were lower than typically developing norms. Subscale comparisons revealed relative difference in use of context compared to other pragmatic domains (stereotyped language and inappropriate initiation). Individual scores showed substantial variation, particularly in regard to language structure profile. Differences were more pronounced than for Noonan syndrome, specifically in domains of speech, syntax, non‐verbal communication and social relations.ConclusionsSOX11 syndrome is associated with communication impairment. It is important to assess communication abilities as part of the management of individuals with SOX11 syndrome and understand individual strengths and difficulties in order to provide targeted support.
Physiological effects of appropriate washing on xerotic skin
Authors: Takeuchi Satoshi , Murakami Yumi , Matsunaka Hiroshi , Nakahara Takeshi , Furue Masutaka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDaily skin care is important for treatment of skin diseases, but few studies have reported on appropriate washing methods.AimThis study aimed to provide guidance on washing techniques and examine changes in skin condition after using the recommended washing technique and foaming‐type skin cleanser in patients with atopic or asteatotic dermatitis.MethodsAn internet‐based questionnaire survey on skin symptoms and cleaning methods was conducted. Further, a left–right comparative, nonrandomized trial was performed in 19 patients with asteatotic or atopic dermatitis and xerosis. Participants were instructed to wash with a cotton towel and their normal cleanser during Weeks 1–4 and with bare hands or a cotton towel and the recommended foaming‐type cleanser during Weeks 5–8.ResultsThe survey revealed that the degree of lathering differed depending on the cleaning tool. In the trial, scores for erythema, desquamation, and xerosis in the lower legs were significantly reduced after 4 weeks compared with scores at the start. Between Weeks 4 and 8, scores for erythema, xerosis, and pruritus in the inner forearm on the side washed with bare hands and scores for xerosis, pruritus, and excoriation on the side washed with a cotton towel were significantly reduced. A significant increase was noted in stratum corneum ceramide content on both left and right inner forearms, whereas a significant decrease was noted in stratum corneum thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine level ratios in the lower legs on both sides.ConclusionsXerotic skin disease symptoms can be improved using appropriate body washing methods.
Fans on the silver screen: Portrayals of fandom in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Authors: Radošinská Jana , Mago Zdenko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFan culture has changed the whole entertainment industry, becoming “mainstream.” Thus, its expressions necessarily shape franchise cinema, including Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The study reacts to this shift, aiming to explore how MCU movies incorporate images of fan culture and turn some of their support characters into “fans.” The offered critical reflection on related theoretical outlines is intertwined with elements of discourse analysis. The authors focus on selected scenes from Marvel's superhero movies that depict and personalize fan culture. The examination is based on the assumption that such images function as efficient ways of celebrating and encouraging real‐life fan activities.
Association of the FGF4L2 retrogene with fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in dogs
Authors: Embersics Colleen , Bannasch Danika , Batcher Kevin , Boudreau Elizabeth C. , Church Molly , Miller Andrew , Platt Simon , Koehler Jey , Olby Natasha , Rossmeisl John , Rissi Daniel , Grahn Robert , Donner Jonas , Dickinson Peter J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCE) is a well‐documented condition in dogs although rarely reported in chondrodystrophic breeds. Genetic associations have not been defined.ObjectivesDefine the association of the chondrodystrophy‐associated FGF4L2 retrogene with histopathologically confirmed cases of FCE.AnimalsNinety‐eight dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of FCE.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study. Dogs were genotyped for the FGF4L2 and FGF4L1 retrogenes using DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. Associations between breed, FCE and retrogene status were investigated with reference to a hospital population and known breed and general population allele frequencies.ResultsFGF4L2 genotype was defined in 89 FCE cases. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was present in 22 dogs from FGF4L2‐segregating breeds with allele frequencies of ≥5%; however, all dogs were wild type. Two Labrador retrievers with FCE carried FGF4L2 alleles. Frequency of the FGF4L2 allele was significantly (P < .001) and negatively associated with FCE relative to predicted hospital‐population dogs. FCE was overrepresented in Boxer, Great Dane, Yorkshire Terrier, Bernese Mountain Dog, Miniature Schnauzer, Rottweiler, and Shetland Sheepdog breeds.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceStudy data based on genotypically and histopathologically defined cases support the historical observation that FCE is uncommon in chondrodystrophic dog breeds. FGF4 plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular integrity; anatomical studies comparing chondrodystrophic and non‐chondrodystrophic dogs might provide insight into the pathogenesis of FCE.
“It felt like I had an old fashioned telephone ringing in my breasts”: An online survey of UK Autistic birthing parents' experiences of infant feeding
Authors: Grant Aimee , Griffiths Catrin , Williams Kathryn , Brown Amy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAround 3% of people are Autistic. Autistic people communicate differently from non‐Autistic people and experience the sensory world differently. There is limited evidence that Autistic people can face additional barriers to breastfeeding. We are an Autistic‐led research team that developed an online survey following consultation with the Autistic community. Autistic people from the UK who had been pregnant were eligible to take part in the survey, which focused on the entire maternity journey. A total of 193 people participated, of whom 152 had experiences of infant feeding (137 breastfeeding, 82 formula feeding). Participants were highly motivated to breastfeed, and almost half of those who breastfed found it positive always or most of the time. However, breastfeeding—and in particular the milk let‐down reflex—could result in pain and sensory difficulties, including ‘feeling odd’. Expressing breastmilk always or most of the time was reported by 10% of breastfeeding participants. The intensity and unpredictability of both breast and formula feeding were challenging to manage. Parents reported that it was easy to understand how to prepare infant formula, but that it could also be a negative and anxiety‐inducing experience. Support for breast and formula feeding was often considered inadequate. When parents did access breastfeeding support, this significantly improved a range of breastfeeding experiences. However, participants recommended more tailored support and continuity of carer. To meet the needs of Autistic birthing parents, those providing infant feeding support should receive training on Autism through a neurodiversity‐affirming lens, which should be delivered by Autistic people.
Application of machine learning for mortality prediction in patients with candidemia: Feasibility verification and comparison with clinical severity scores
Authors: Hu Wei‐Huan , Lin Shang‐Yi , Hu Yuh‐Jyh , Huang Ho‐Yin , Lu Po‐Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinical severity scores, such as acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), Pitt Bacteremia Score (PBS), and European Confederation of Medical Mycology Quality (EQUAL) score, may not reliably predict candidemia prognosis owing to their prespecified scorings that can limit their adaptability and applicability.ObjectivesUnlike those fixed and prespecified scorings, we aim to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) approach that is able to learn predictive models adaptively from available patient data to increase adaptability and applicability.MethodsDifferent ML algorithms follow different design philosophies and consequently, they carry different learning biases. We have designed an ensemble meta‐learner based on stacked generalisation to integrate multiple learners as a team to work at its best in a synergy to improve predictive performances.ResultsIn the multicenter retrospective study, we analysed 512 patients with candidemia from January 2014 to July 2019 and compared a stacked generalisation model (SGM) with APACHE II, SOFA, PBS and EQUAL score to predict the 14‐day mortality. The cross‐validation results showed that the SGM significantly outperformed APACHE II, SOFA, PBS, and EQUAL score across several metrics, including F1‐score (0.68, p < .005), Matthews correlation coefficient (0.54, p < .05 vs. SOFA, p < .005 vs. the others) and the area under the curve (AUC; 0.87, p < .005). In addition, in an independent external test, the model effectively predicted patients' mortality in the external validation cohort, with an AUC of 0.77.ConclusionsML models show potential for improving mortality prediction amongst patients with candidemia compared to clinical severity scores.