bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent detection of Trypanosoma brucei but not T. congolense DNA in faeces of experimentally-infected cattle
Authors: Saldanha Isabel , Betson Martha , Vrettou Christina , Paxton Edith , Nixon James , Tennant Peter , Ritchie Adrian , Matthews Keith R. , Morrison Liam J. , Torr Stephen J. , Cunningham Lucas J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a significant food security and economic burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Current AAT surveillance tools suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity, with blood sampling requiring animal restraint and trained personnel. Faecal sampling could increase sampling accessibility, scale, and host species range. Therefore, this study assessed feasibility of detecting Trypanosoma DNA in the faeces of experimentally-infected cattle. Holstein-Friesian calves were inoculated with Trypanosoma brucei AnTat 1.1 (n = 5) or T. congolense Savannah IL3000 (n = 6) in separate studies. Faecal and blood samples were collected concurrently over 10 weeks and subsequently screened using species-specific PCR and qPCR assays. T. brucei DNA was successfully detected in 85% of post-inoculation (PI) faecal samples (n = 114/134) by qPCR and 50% by PCR between 4–66 days PI. However, T. congolense DNA was detected in just 3.4% (n = 5/145) of PI faecal samples by qPCR, and none by PCR. These results confirm the ability to consistently detect T. brucei DNA, but not T. congolense DNA, in infected cattle faeces. This disparity may derive from the differences in Trypanosoma species tissue distribution and/or extravasation. Therefore, whilst faeces are a promising potential substrate to screen for T. brucei infection, blood sampling is required to detect T. congolense in cattle.
Alpha Gal Syndrome: A symptomatic presentation in the Emergency Room
Authors: Noor Khutaija , Orren Justin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Alpha Gal syndrome or Meat Allergy is a life-threatening delayed condition diagnosed in patients allergic to Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose after a lone star tick bite. We present a case report of Alpha gal syndrome in a 66-year-old elderly patient in the Emergency Room presenting with symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, chills, and hypertension. Early detection is key in this frequently fatal hypersensitivity reaction; this case report emphasizes the diagnostic allergy panel and symptoms after a Lone star tick bite and the need for appropriate education on avoidance of all types of meat and dairy products as they contain galactose-a-1,3- galactose allergen-specific to IgE sensitization. Method: A case report of a patient with Alpha-gal syndrome.
Excessive Internet Use as a Risk Factor for Suicide Ideation Among University Students in Malawi
Authors: Mzumara Thokozani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background Covid 19 has fast-paced the use of technological innovations mainly the internet. However, Internet use can lead to several behavioral and psychological conditions such as cyberbullying and distorted relationships which could lead to suicide ideation. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young adults. Aim To assess the association between Internet addiction and suicide ideation among university students in Malawi. Furthermore, to assess the factors associated with suicidal thoughts among Malawian college students who surf the World Wide Web. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized secondary research and used data available from https://data.mendeley.com/drafts/xbfbcy5bhv. Internet addiction was measured using the Internet Addiction test. The dependent variable includes suicide ideation. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of the 620 participants, 514 (82.2%) were aged between 15–24. The majority were males 401 (64.7%). The mean IAT score was 46.08 (SD = 14.60). The IAT score was 44.81(SD = 13.85) among males and 48.40 (SD = 15.65) among females (p = 0.003). About 341 (55%) of students use the internet excessively. Suicide ideation was prevalent among 101 (16.3%) of the students. Suicide ideation was significantly associated with internet addiction. (p < 0.001). The odds of developing suicidal thoughts increased about 3 times among excessive internet users compared to average users (OR = 2.91, 95% CI [1.213 to 7.018]). However, Age, gender, discipline, and year of study were not associated with suicide ideation. Conclusion The study suggests that internet addiction affects suicide ideation mainly through distorting social relationships. School settings should increase awareness regarding the safe use of the internet to ensure a balance between online and real-life interactions and curb suicide.
The intracellular visualization of exogenous DNA in fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Greitens Christina , Leroux Jean-Christophe , Burger Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the development of non-viral gene delivery vectors, it is essential to reliably localize and quantify transfected DNA inside the cell. To track DNA, fluorescence microscopy methods are commonly applied. These mostly rely on fluorescently labeled DNA, DNA binding proteins fused to a fluorescent protein, or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, co-stainings are often used to determine the colocalization of the DNA in specific cellular compartments, such as the endolysosomes or the nucleus. We provide an overview of these DNA tracking methods, advice on how they should be combined, and indicate which co-stainings or additional methods are required to draw precise conclusions from a DNA tracking experiment. Some emphasis is given to the localization of exogenous DNA inside the nucleus, which is the last step of DNA delivery. We argue that suitable tools which allow for the nuclear detection of faint signals are still missing, hampering the rational development of more efficient non-viral transfection systems.
Expression of Recombinant Stonustoxin Alpha Subunit and Preparation of polyclonal antiserum for Stonustoxin Neutralization Studies
Authors: Hojjati Amir Sajjad Razgi , Nazarian Shahram , Samiei-Abianeh Hossein , kordbache Emad , Aghaie Seyed Mojtaba 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stonustoxin (SNTX) is a lethal protein found in stonefish venom, responsible for many of the symptoms associated with stonefish envenomation. To counter stonefish venom challenges, antivenom is a well-established and effective solution. In this study, we aimed to produce the recombinant alpha subunit protein of stonustoxin from Synanceia horrida and prepare antibodies against it. The SNTXα gene sequence was sourced from GenBank and codon-optimized to match the codon usage of E. coli BL21 (DE3). This optimized sequence was synthesized within the pET17b expression vector. IPTG induction triggered the expression of the SNTXα protein, which was subsequently purified using affinity chromatography. Following purification, the protein was subcutaneously injected into rabbits, and antibodies were extracted from rabbits serum using a G protein column. The isolated antibodies were further confirmed using indirect ELISA. As a result of codon optimization, the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) for the SNTXα cassette increased to 0.94. Predicted structures generated by the I-TASSER server exhibited good quality. SDS-PAGE analysis validated the expression of SNTXα, with a band observed at 73.5 kDa with a yield of 12 mg/L. ELISA results demonstrated rabbits antibody titers detectable up to a 1:256,000 dilution. The isolated antibody from rabbits serum exhibited a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, and its sensitivity allowed the detection of a minimum protein concentration of 9.7 ng. In conclusion, our study successfully expressed the primary toxic domain of stonustoxin in a prokaryotic host, enabling the production of rabbits antibodies for potential use in developing stonefish antivenom.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of atherosclerosis based on fluid-multilayered poroelastic structure interaction model
Authors: An Yanning , Liu Wenjun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we establish a new model of atherosclerosis in the early stage based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model of blood vessel and prove the existence of weak solutions. The model consists of Navier-Stokes equation, Biot equations, and reaction-diffusion equations, which involves the effect of blood flow velocity on the concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and other biological components. We first divide the new model into a FSI submodel and a coupled reaction-diffusion submodel, respectively. Then, by using Rothe's method and operator splitting numerical scheme, we obtain the existence of weak solution of FSI submodel.
In order to solve the nonlinear term representing the consumption of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), we construct a regular system. The results in FSI submodel together with Schauder's fixed point theorem allow us to obtain the existence of non-negative weak solutions for the reaction-diffusion submodel by showing the existence and non-negativity of weak solutions for the regular system.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35Q30, 35M13, 35D30, 74F10.
The Role of Online Social Support Networks in Mitigating Post-Pandemic Psychological Distress Among Women
Authors: Sadiq Alaa M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the efficacy of online social support networks in reducing post-pandemic psychological distress among women in Iraq. Conducted on a diverse group of 260 women from various provinces, the research aimed to understand the role these networks play in mental health during the challenging post-pandemic period. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from interviews and discussions. The survey focused on assessing levels of psychological distress and the usage of online social support networks. The qualitative aspect delved into personal experiences, exploring how these networks provided emotional support, information, and a sense of community. Findings revealed that online social support networks significantly contributed to mitigating psychological distress among the participants. Women who actively engaged in these networks reported lower levels of stress, anxiety, and loneliness. These platforms provided a crucial outlet for sharing experiences, receiving advice, and maintaining social connections during times of physical distancing. The study also highlighted some challenges, such as the digital divide and privacy concerns, which could hinder the effectiveness of these networks. However, the overall positive impact was evident, especially for women in remote or socially conservative areas, who otherwise have limited access to traditional support systems. In conclusion, the research underscores the importance of online social support networks as valuable tools for mental health support among women in post-pandemic Iraq. It suggests that further investment in digital infrastructure and awareness programs could enhance their accessibility and effectiveness, offering a sustainable approach to mental health care in similar contexts.
Viral Load Dynamics of COVID-19 and Public Health Strategies: Modelling for Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Sadiq Alaa M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This research paper delves into the interplay between viral load dynamics and the formulation of public health strategies for enhanced pandemic preparedness. By harnessing the capabilities of global epidemiological platforms such as the World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) and Johns Hopkins University's COVID-19 Dashboard, our study constructed sophisticated computational models to predict and analyze viral transmission patterns. The study revealed that monitoring fluctuations in community viral loads could act as an early-warning system, prompting pre-emptive public health interventions. Our findings emphasize that interventions tailored to viral load assessments can markedly curb transmission, alleviate healthcare system strains, and reduce pandemic-induced mortality. Key insights from our research advocate for the integration of real-time data from global surveillance platforms into national health strategies to bolster pandemic response initiatives. We highlight the vital role of global data transparency and the swift exchange of viral load information in crafting agile and targeted public health policies. The research underscores the importance of international collaboration in pandemic preparedness, advocating for the establishment of an interconnected global network that leverages viral load dynamics for forecasting outbreaks. By doing so, public health authorities can better anticipate pandemic phases, optimize resource allocation, and implement timely interventions. The predictive models presented here offer a blueprint for decision-makers to strengthen pandemic readiness and protect global health.
The politics of regulating ultra-processed foods for public health: an analysis of Codex standard-setting processes on food labelling
Authors: Boatwright Monique , Lawrence Mark , Carriedo Angela , Slater Scott , McCoy David , Northcott Tanita , Baker Phillip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The rise of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in diets and associated harms to human and planetary health, has prompted calls for regulatory action. This challenges the approach of food regulatory systems that emphasize food safety risks over wider harms to population and ecological health and confronts the interests of a powerful UPF industry. To understand this challenge, our paper aims to understand the politics of UPF-related standard-setting in the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), focusing on the development of new Front-of-pack Nutrition Labelling (FOPNL) guidelines. We adopted a case study design involving, i) collection of documents from the Codex Committee on Food Labelling (CCFL) meetings (2016-23), ii) identification, categorization, and enumeration of actors, and iii) guided by a constructivist framework, analysis of how actors framed and contested proposed food labelling provisions and characterized ‘risk/harm’. We found that country representation was skewed towards high-income, over middle-income, and low-income governments, and non-health ministries over health ministries. Delegations were also dominated by industry over civil society organizations, as were Codex observers. Contestations included preferential FOPNL schemes and which products would require FOPNL. Commercial and public health interest actors characterized ‘risk/harm’ as, non-scientific labelling that discourages consumer choice, and as, inadequate FOPNL leading to non-communicable diseases and trade challenges. Any ambition to comprehensively regulate UPFs requires examination of underlying interests and ‘risk/harm’ perceptions of actors, and how resource and power asymmetries can impact UPF-relevant standards. This calls into question the design of food regulatory systems, and especially how they impact human and planetary health.
Response to Interleukin-17A Inhibitors According to Prior Biologic Exposures: A Danish Nationwide Study
Authors: Loft Nikolai , Egeberg Alexander , Isufi Daniel , Rasmussen Mads K. , Bryld Lars E. , Dam Tomas N. , Ajgeiy Kawa K. , Bertelsen Trine , Skov Lone 
Published: November 2023

Whether response to an interleukin (IL-17) inhibitor is different in patients with previous exposure to an IL-17 inhibitor compared with patients with exposure to biologics with other cytokine targets remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether previous exposure to an IL-17A inhibitor was associated with worse response than exposure to (an)other biologic(s). All patients in the DERMBIO register treated with an IL-17A inhibitor (secukinumab or ixekizumab) were included. With an absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) ≤ 2 as response, the proportion of responders treated with IL-17A inhibitors was assessed in patients previously treated with another IL-17A inhibitor and compared with patients with previous exposure to (an)other biologic(s), using a χ2 test. In total, 100, 93 and 83 patients with previous exposure to an IL-17A inhibitor and 414, 372 and 314 patients with previous exposure to (an) other biologic(s) were assessed after 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. No differences in the proportion of patients achieving PASI ≤ 2 were observed between the 2 groups after 3 months (54% vs 57%, p = 0.59), 6months (70% vs 66%, p = 0.42) and 12 months (69% vs 60%, p = 0.14). In conclusion, when treating patients with IL-17A inhibitors the cytokine target of the previous biologic does not appear to affect the response.
Duration of rehabilitation therapy to achieve a minimal clinically important difference in mobility, walking endurance and patient-reported physical health: an observational study
Authors: Kool Nicoline , Kool Jan , Bachmann Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Objective: To compare the duration of exercise therapy needed to achieve a minimal clinically important difference in mobility, walking endurance and patient-reported global physical health in patients referred for inpatient rehabilitation after knee surgery, hip surgery, or with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease.
Design: Retrospective pre-post intervention observational cohort study.
Subjects: A total of 388 patients (57% women, mean age 65.6 years (standard deviation 9.5)) with a minimum length of stay 10 days were included between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2021.
Methods: Outcomes were assessed at the start of, and discharge from, rehabilitation, using the following measures: mobility (Timed Up and Go test), walking endurance (6-minute walk test), patient-reported global physical health (Global Physical Health subscale of the 10-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System). The duration of exercise therapy needed to achieve a minimal clinically important difference was determined using anchor-based and distribution-based methods.
Results: The duration of therapy needed to achieve a minimal clinically important difference was longer in patients with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease (18–88 h) than in patients after knee or hip surgery (8–25 h). In all patient groups, the duration of exercise therapy needed, determined using the distribution-based method, was shortest for patient-reported global physical health (knee surgery 9.6 h, hip surgery 6.8 h, multiple sclerosis 38.7 h, Parkinson’s disease 18.4 h).
Conclusion: The duration of active therapies required to achieve a minimal clinically important difference in physical outcomes varies widely (range 8–88 h) among different patient groups and outcomes.
Effect of Nigella Sattiva (Kalonji) Oil Based Mouth Wash on Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Level in Patients with Chronic Periodonititis- A Randomized controlled Trial
Authors: Hassan Ghazala , Ghafoor Sarah , Chaudhry Saima , Khan Zubair Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

<p><strong>Background and Objective</strong>: Salivary level of Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), a collagen degradation enzyme, is known to increase during chronic periodontitis. Nigella sativa is one of the potent anti[1]inflammatory compounds that has a promising role in oral inflammatory conditions. Present study aims to explore the salivary MMP-8 levels after Nigella sativa oil-based mouth wash as compared to placebo(normal saline) after non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> This parallel arm randomized controlled trial was conducted at FMH College of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Lahore Pakistan from January 2018 to June 2019. Fifty patients suffering from chronic periodontitis were recruited and randomized into the treatment group that received Nigella sativa oil and the control group that received simple normal saline. Salivary samples for MMP-8 levels were collected , once before non-surgical periodontal therapy and secondly after two weeks of&nbsp;rinsing with Nigella sativa oil-based mouthwash in one group and normal saline in the second. Salivary MMP-8 levels were determined through ELISA. The comparison within groups was done through paired t test and between groups through independent sample t-test.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> Mean pre-treatment concentration of salivary MMP-8 of the Nigella Sativa group and normal saline group were 199.37 &plusmn; 300.75 ng/l and 195.29 &plusmn; 175.89 ng/l that decreased post-treatment to 147.35 &plusmn; 144.9ng/l and 114.17 &plusmn; 129.21ng/l respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in the salivary MMP-8 levels between the chronic periodontitis patients using Nigella sativa or normal saline mouth wash twice daily for two weeks.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The salivary levels of MMP-8 reduced in patients with chronic periodontitis after scaling and root planning with the use of Nigella sativa oil-based mouthwash as well as placebo (normal saline). However, this reduction was statistically non-significant both within and between the study groups.</p>
Comparison of Oral Health Status of Students Attending Three Different Education Systems in Pakistan
Authors: Zaib Nadia , Zafar Mahrukh , Masood Rabia , Kiyani Amber 
Published: November 2023

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> &nbsp;The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental caries through the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index ​​of students belonging to the three different education systems of Pakistan in order to ascertain the baseline statistics for the Pakistani student population.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> &nbsp;A cross-sectional study was conducted during the year 2018 to record DMFT scores of students studying in madrassas, government and private schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A total of 663 students underwent a DMFT evaluation by trained dentists following the consent of their parents. The results were analyzed by using one way ANOVA and post-hoc tests for comparing DMFT scores among the students of different school system using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and a P-value of &lt;0.05 was taken as significant.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> &nbsp;Madrassa group of students had the best DMFT scores; mean DMFT of 1.2 &plusmn; 1.9 whereas private school students had a mean DMFT of 2.17 &plusmn; 2.9 and Government school children had a mean DMFT score of 2.09 &plusmn; 2.08. While comparing the DMFT scores of madrassa students with government and private school students, statistically significant results were observed.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> &nbsp;Although an acceptable DMFT score was obtained for each of the three education systems; madrassa, government and private schools; the DMFT scores were the lowest for the madrassa students indicating best dental health in them.</p>