bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutionalization after stroke
Authors: Portelli R , Lowe D , Irwin P , Pearson M , Rudd AG 
Published: January 2005

Background and purpose: There are widespread regional variations in the institutionalization rate after stroke. This study sought to identify the factors that predict institutionalization after a primary diagnosis of stroke and determine whether institutionalization rate could be used to assess the quality of hospital care. Methods: A retrospective case note audit of 2778 consecutive admissions with stroke, between 1 September and 31 October 2000 from a randomly selected sample of 79 hospitals in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Data were collected on demographics, case-mix, clinical outcome, organization of discharge, and place of residence at discharge and at three and six months. The figures from this audit were validated using data from the 1998 National Sentinel Audit of Stroke. Results: Overall 14% of patients previously living at home were discharged to nursing or residential homes. Using logistic regression, Barthel Index score at discharge accounted for 40% of variation. Two-thirds of patients with a discharge Barthel score of B=5 were institutionalized. Age alone explained 14% and when taken together with discharge Barthel and length of stay it accounted for 54% of variation. On admission 22% of the variation in institutionalization rate could be accounted for by total Glasgow Coma Score (15, B=15), age and ability to walk unaided. Regional variations in institutionalization rates are evident and may in part be explained by differences in ease of access to the institutions. Conclusions: Discharge disability and older age were the dominant factors determining admission to nursing and residential homes. It is not possible to predict sufficiently reliably for an individual patient the likelihood of institutionalization at admission or at 72 h after admission, to justify early resource allocation decisions.
An allometric comparison of microsomal membrane lipid composition and sodium pump molecular activity in the brain of mammals and birds
Authors: Turner Nigel , Else Paul L. , Hulbert A. J. 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYPrevious research has shown that the lipid milieu surrounding membrane proteins may be an important factor in determining their activity. To investigate this we have examined sodium pump molecular activity and microsomal membrane lipid composition in the brain of five mammalian and eight avian species ranging in size from 30 g mice to 280 kg cattle and 13 g zebra finches to 35 kg emus, respectively. Sodium pump(Na+,K+-ATPase) activity was higher in the smaller species and showed a significant allometric decline with body mass in both the mammals (μmol Pi h-1 mg wet mass-1 =6.2×mass-0.06) and birds (μmol Pih-1 mg wet mass-1 = 5.4×mass-0.07). In small mammals, the elevated enzyme activity was related to allometric changes in both the concentration and the molecular activity (turnover rate) of sodium pumps, while in birds, no significant body-size-related variation was observed for either sodium pump concentration or molecular activity. Microsomal phospholipid fatty acid profile displayed little allometric variation in both the mammals and birds and was not correlated with molecular activity in either group. Brain phospholipids from both endothermic classes were dominated by the long chain n-3 polyunsaturate, docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)], which accounted for an average of 28% and 34% of the total fatty acids in the mammals and birds respectively. Bird membranes also contained a relatively large percentage of 22:5 (n-6) as well as high levels of cholesterol. These results are discussed in relation to neurological function and the emerging field of membrane lipid rafts.
The Intramolecular Electron Transfer between the Type 1 Cu and the Type 2 Cu in a Mutant of Hyphomicrobium Nitrite Reductase
Authors: Suzuki Shinnichiro , Maetani Takehiko , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Kobayashi Kazuo , Tagawa Seiichi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The intramolecular electron transfer (ET) between the type 1 Cu and the type 2 Cu in the Cys114Ala mutant of Hyphomicrobium denitrificans nitrite reductase has been observed by pulse radiolysis. At pH 5.4–7.0, the ET rates of C114A having one type 1 Cu and one type 2 Cu per monomer are 104–105 times as large as those of the native enzyme containing two type 1 Cu sites and one type 2 Cu site.
Apolipoprotein H (apoH)-dependent autoantibodies and apoH protein polymorphism in selected patients showing lupus anticoagulant activity
Authors: Vogrinc Željka , Trbojević-Čepe Milica , Coen Désirée , Vitale Ksenija , Stavljenić-Rukavina Ana 
Published: January 2005

AbstractApolipoprotein H (apoH) is considered to be a necessary cofactor for the binding of certain antiphospholipid antibodies to anionic phospholipids. Some apoH-dependent antiphospholipid antibodies also exert lupus anticoagulant (LA) activity, which seems to depend on antiphospholipid antibody epitope specificity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of less frequent
Differential production of immunoglobulin classes and subclasses by mucosal-type human B-lymphocytes exposed in vitro to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
Authors: Cognasse Fabrice , Acquart Sophie , Beniguel Lydie , Sabido Odile , Chavarin Patricia , Genin Christian , Garraud Olivier 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAs B-lymphocytes play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity, we aimed to examine the effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on purified tonsil-originating CD19+ B-cells, representing mucosal B-cells. We screened various K-type ODNs, reactive with human B-cells, and tested for the production of immunoglobulins in vitro. Using one CpG-ODN, DSP30, we observed that it could upregulate not only Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) mRNA expression in activated B-cells, but also the early expression of CD69 followed by the sequential expression of CD80, CD86 and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Furthermore, mRNA expression of certain B-cell-derived cytokines was influenced by exposure to DSP30, with a strong upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and downregulation of IL1-β. Stimulation of B-cells, co-stimulated with IL-2, IL-10 and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) with different CpG-ODNs, had differing effects on the terminal differentiation in vitro of B-cells into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. TLR9 is involved in innate immunity and the recognition of bound CpG DNA from invading bacterial pathogens. As tonsillar B-cells are mucosal-type B-lymphocytes, this study suggests that CpG-ODNs show promise as mucosal adjuvants in modulating the local production of immunoglobulins of certain classes and subclasses, a crucial issue in vaccine perspectives.
The soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)-ferritin index is a potential predictor of celiac disease in children with refractory iron deficiency anemia
Authors: De Caterina Maurizio , Grimaldi Ernesto , Di Pascale Giovanni , Salerno Giuliana , Rosiello Assunta , Passaretti Maria , Scopacasa Francesco 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) distinguishes iron deficiency anemia from other types of anemia. Refractory iron deficiency anemia is often the onset symptom in malabsorption-induced celiac disease. We evaluated whether sTfR levels distinguish celiac disease-associated iron deficiency anemia from iron deficiency anemia of other origin. To this aim we measured sTfR and ferritin levels and their ratio (the sTfR/ferritin index) and other hematological parameters in 42 anemic children (20 with and 22 without celiac disease) vs. 22 non-anemic children with celiac disease and 31 healthy controls (age range 4–12years). Hemoglobin parameters, mean cell volume, and serum iron and ferritin levels were decreased to a similar extent in the anemic patients (celiac and non-celiac). The sTfR level in non-anemic celiac patients was similar to that of normal controls (1.7±0.35mg/L), whereas it was significantly increased in non-celiac and celiac anemic patients (2.2±0.5mg/L, p<0.05 and 2.7±1.2mg/L, p<0.001, respectively). The sTfR/ferritin index was also increased more in the anemic celiac patients (mean 4.4, range 1.5–12.0) than in anemic non-celiac children (mean 2.6, range 1.4–4.0) compared with non-anemic children (mean 1.2, range 0.7–2.0). Differences were more pronounced when ferritin was <5ng/mL. Thus, the sTfR/ferritin index may be a predictive measure in discriminating anemic patients with celiac disease from those without celiac disease.
Serum amyloid A protein levels as a possible aid in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Lycopoulou Lilia , Mamoulakis Charalambos , Hantzi Eugenia , Demetriadis Dimitrios , Antypas Spyros , Giannaki Maria , Bakoula Chryssa , Chrousos George , Papassotiriou Ioannis 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHematological and biochemical tests, including white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and other acute-phase reactants, have been used in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. However, there is controversy among physicians about the value of this practice in children. The objective of our study was to evaluate serum amyloid A protein (SAA) levels in children with confirmed acute appendicitis and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of this marker of inflammation with those for WBC and CRP. A prospective cohort study of 60 children admitted with abdominal pain to rule out appendicitis was used in the study. Of these, 42 underwent surgery, while 18 children who had spontaneous amelioration within 24h of admission were not operated on and served as controls. WBC and serum SAA and CRP levels were obtained preoperatively. Serum concentrations of the analytes were determined with particle-enhanced immunonephelometric methods. Patients with acute appendicitis had WBC, SAA and CRP levels higher than those of the control group (p<0.001). There was no appendicitis patient with a normal SAA value, while 21.4% of the patients had CRP values within the normal range. The performance of each test was measured by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.849 for WBC, 0.868 for CRP and 0.964 for SAA. The sensitivity and specificity of these methods were 76% and 75% for WBC>10.0×10
Quantitative automated human chorionic gonadotropin measurement in urine using the Modular Analytics E170 module (Roche)
Authors: Ajubi Nasser E. , Nijholt Nine , Wolthuis Albert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOngoing demands on laboratory performance require optimization of processes. An obvious way to achieve this is to reduce manual labor in favor of automated methods. We describe the validation of an automated quantitative urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) analysis on the Roche Modular E170 analyzer to replace the manual qualitative pregnancy test in urine. At urine hCG concentrations of 476, 45 and 11U/L, we found inter-assay variation of 4.3%, 4.3% and 6.8% and average intra-assay variation of 3.0%, 2.6% and 3.0%, respectively. The analytical detection limit was 0.7U/L. We did not detect any loss (due to degradation or adsorption) during a storage period of 5days at 4°C or at −20°C. Recoveries of hCG in urine of a pregnant woman diluted with urine of a pre-menopausal non-pregnant woman (concentration range between 6 and 800mU/L) were between 93% and 112% (y=0.997x−3.843, r
Evaluation of immunoassays for the measurement of insulin-like growth factor-I and procollagen type III peptide, indirect biomarkers of recombinant human growth hormone misuse in sport
Authors: Abellan Rosario , Ventura Rosa , Pichini Simona , Pascual Jose A. , Pacifici Roberta , Di Carlo Simonetta , Bacosi Antonella , Segura Jordi , Zuccaro Piergiorgio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInsulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and procollagen type III peptide (P-III-P) have been proposed as indirect biomarkers for the detection of the misuse of recombinant human growth hormone in sport. An extended intra- and inter-laboratory validation of commercially available immunoassays was carried out. For total IGF-I, two radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits (IGF-I/RIA1, Nichols Institute Diagnostics and IGF-I/RIA2, Mediagnost) and one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (R&D) were evaluated. For P-III-P, two RIA kits (P-III-P/RIA3, Cis-bioInternational and P-III-P/RIA4, Orion Diagnostica) were studied. The intra-laboratory precision and accuracy values for all IGF-I assays were better than 15%. The IGF-I/ELISA showed the lowest limit of quantification (LOQ) and its calibration curve covered the range of concentrations found in human serum samples. Higher agreement between laboratory results was obtained for IGF-I/ELISA and IGF-I/RIA1. Low inter-technique correlation was obtained for the three assays; the only comparable results were obtained between IGF-I/ELISA and IGF-I/RIA1. For P-III-P, intra-laboratory precision and accuracy values better than 15% were obtained for both assays in almost all cases. The calibration curve for P-III-P/RIA4 covered the range of concentrations of serum samples, while 30% of the values for P-III-P/RIA3 were below the calibration sample with the lowest concentration. Inter-laboratory correlation was also higher for P-III-P/RIA4. In summary, ELISA and RIA4 were the most suitable assays for measurement of IGF-I and P-III-P, respectively, in serum samples. However, the validation studies carried out show the need for harmonization of immunoassay parameters to improve the reproducibility and comparability of results between different laboratories and in different studies.
5.1: Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Panel using Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Chuman Takashi , Ohta Satoru , Miyaguchi Satoshi , Satoh Hideo , Tanabe Takahisa , Okuda Yoshiyuki , Tsuchida Masami 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBy using organic thin‐film transistors with pentacene as the active organic layer, active matrix organic light emitting diode panel has been developed. The number of pixels in the panel is 8 × 8, and each pixel is driven by switching and driving transistors. We confirmed 16 gray scales representation by means of an analog driving method.
44.2: Mass Manufacturing of Full Color Passive‐Matrix and Active‐Matrix PLED Displays
Authors: Fleuster M. , Klein M. , Roosmalen P. V. , Wit A. D. , Schwab H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPhilips is preparing the mass production of passive‐ and active‐matrix full‐color polymer OLED displays with ink jet printing. Several major technical challenges had to be solved en route to mass production: First, a reliable and fast full‐color inkjet printing process had to be developed for high‐resolution displays. Second, material lifetimes had to be brought to sufficient levels under real application conditions using inkjet printing. Finally, the necessary mass production equipment had to made available including the accurate stage, the plate handling, and the print heads.
Antiferroelectric LCD with one polarizer in a reflective configuration
Authors: You Doo‐Hwan , Lee Ju‐Hyun , Park Seong‐Sik , Lee Sin‐Doo 
Published: January 2005

Abstract—A reflective antiferroelectric liquid‐crystal (AFLC) display with one polarizer is proposed. An optical retardation film was introduced into the reflective configuration to obtain enhanced electro‐optic (EO) characteristics. Numerical simulations were carried out to optimize the cell parameters so that the EO switching between the black and white states could be easily achieved. The reflective AFLC display with optimized cell parameters was found to exhibit high contrast, excellent brightness, and fast response.
P‐45: Characterization of Tungsten Nanowire Emitter Grown by Self‐catalytic Function
Authors: Choi Chang‐Hoon , Jang Yoon‐Taek , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Yun‐Hi , Oh Myung‐Hwan , Ahn Jin‐Ho , Min Nam‐Ki 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe describe for the first time tungsten nanowires prepared by a simple thermal treatment of a self‐catalytic thin layer. The obtained nanowires at this work have an average diameter of 10‐50 nm showing perfect straightness. We present an application of the W‐nanowires for electron emission sources and the results obtained for the diode configuration show that field electron emission started at 4 V/um and the saturated emission current level is about 0.1mA/cm2. The field enhancement factor β of W nanowire was about 38256. This value is close to the reported field enhancement factor for carbon nanotubes. The observed results may offer a possibility for nano‐sized needle electron sources without nanolithography.
19.5 L: Late‐News Paper: Inkjet‐Printed Bus and Address Electrodes for Plasma Display
Authors: Furusawa M. , Hashimoto T. , Ishida M. , Shimoda T. , Hasei H. , Hirai T. , Kiguchi H. , Aruga H. , Oda M. , Saito N. , Iwashige H. , Abe N. , Fukuta S. , Betsui K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel inkjet technique for forming bus and address electrodes has been developed. Silver nano‐particles dispersed into organic solvent were employed as a special ink for inkjet printing. Bus electrodes of 50‐μm‐width and 2‐μm‐thickness have been inkjet printed using the nano‐particle ink. The resistivity of the bus electrodes was 2 μΩcm after baking at 300°C for 30 minutes. We have fabricated a PDP test panel using inkjet bus electrodes to study its feasibility.
43.4L: Late‐News Paper: A Novel Protective Diffuser for Backlit LCDs
Authors: Uekita Masakazu , Mineo Yutaka , Masaki Hitoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTwo types of diffusers are used in most backlight units for the advanced notebook computers. As the display size is larger, the distortion of optical films is a problem. It is found that the distortion of a protective diffuser is greatly reduced by introducing colloidal silica particles into acrylic binders.
44.4: The Transmittance Control of Film Laminated CRTs by Light Absorbent Anti‐reflective Coating and Pigmented Adhesive
Authors: Hanaoka Hideaki , Ikui Kunio , Watanabe Kazuo , Yamauchi Hideaki , Higuchi Katsushi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe transmittance control method of the anti‐reflective (AR) film laminated CRT is described. The light absorbent three‐layer AR coating whose stack is consist of SiOX/TiN/SiO2 shows wide‐band low reflectance, good adhesion onto plastic film, and less total thickness than the conventional transparent five‐layer one. But it has the ghost problem of displayed pictures and the limitation of adjustable transmittance.The absorbent three‐layer AR coating and pigmented pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) is proposed as the best combination. It achieves both wide‐band low reflectance and wide‐range adjustment of transmittance.Furthermore it improves brightness balance among three colors of CRT by partly applying color filter concept into the pigmented PSA.
50.4: Anti‐Reflection (AR) Coating on Plastic Panels for Display Applications
Authors: Chen Dinguo , Yan Yongan , Westenberg Enrico , Niebauer Dan , Sakaitani Norikazu , Chaudhuri S. Ray , Sato Yoshitake , Takamatsu Masahiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTraditionally, various vacuum‐based processes have been used for producing interference‐type anti‐reflection (AR) coatings on large area substrates for different commercial applications. In this paper, the development of sol‐gel derived AR coating on large plastic substrates for display application is presented. The sol‐gel dip coating process was used to deposit thin films on large size plastic panels. By developing solutions with different refractive indices, multi‐layer thin‐film AR coating stacks were designed and fabricated. Optical constants of the coating materials were characterized by using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Optical, mechanical and environmental tests were performed on the sol‐gel derived AR coating stack. These coatings possess good uniformity and meet stringent automotive specifications. This technology has been commercialized successfully for dashboard instrument panel application in Toyota Prius, a new hybrid car. The sol‐gel derived AR coating possesses equivalent or superior properties when compared to the major commercially available AR coating products. These AR coated panels are also useful for other commercial applications.
53.3: Multisync Poly‐Si AMLCD
Authors: Kim I. G. , Lee H. H. , Kim D. H. , Park W. Y. , Min B. H. , Souk J. H. , Jung B. H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe propose a new scan driver circuit to implement multi display mode(mutisync function), which uses an identical conventional scan driver circuit without an additional circuit. The new scheme is simple and takes a small area, compared with the prior schemes for multisync mode. We have fabricated 7‐inch QVGA low‐temperature Poly‐Si TFT LCD employing our scan driver architecture and obtained good display images for normal mode and cinema mode.
55.2: Pre‐Processing for Large Area Displays
Authors: Simpson R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA variety of large area displays is now in use, including tiled videowalls, big single screen projected images and large emissive displays used in stadiums. In practice it is found that different types of display, and different applications, benefit from pre‐processing—either to improve significantly the subjective image quality, or to create more cost‐effective systems. This paper gives some examples and explains their technical basis.
L‐2: Late‐News Paper: A New Shadowmask System for Flat Face CRTs
Authors: Ohmae Hideharu , Demi Yoshikazu , Hoshi Toshiharu , Hirotoshi Watanabe , Takakuwa Ayumu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have started producing tension type shadow masks, which are made of invar and expected to be used for next‐generation flat type television sets. Invar is used in most TV CRTs, since it maintains good characteristics due to its low coefficient of thermal expansion, preventing doming and mask looseness. We have investigated a tension type mask using material which consists mainly of iron from the viewpoint of cost reduction. In this paper we report our success in obtaining a new tension type shadow mask which maintains the necessary tension even at raised temperatures caused by electron beam radiation and better characteristics with respect to mask vibration and doming.
27.2: Market Trends for Displays in Consumer Television
Authors: Castellano Joseph A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWorldwide shipments of color television sets in 2000 will top 135 million units valued at $60 billion. While the directly viewed cathode ray tube (CRT) remains the dominant display technology for television today, penetration of the market by projection systems and directly viewed flat panel displays will increase steadily during this decade. Unit shipments of projection televisions will double over the next four years, reaching 2.2 million units valued at $5.9 billion in 2004. The market for televisions based on plasma display panels (PDPs) will grow to 1.1 million units valued at $3.2 billion in 2004. In addition, LCD television shipments will reach 2.6 million units valued at $547 million in 2004. Finally, while it is still too early to forecast specific shipments, field emission displays and organic light emitting diode displays will also find applications in various segments of the television market.
28.2: Formation of Nano‐structured Molybdenum Microtips by Reactive Ion Etching of Polyimide‐Coated Field Emitter Arrays
Authors: Choi Jun Hee , Lee Hang Woo , Park Young Jun , Cha Seung Nam , Kim Jung Woo , Jung So Yeon , Kang Suk Hun , Lee Eun Soo , Jung Jae Eun , Park Nam Shin , Lee Nae Sung , You Jong Hun , Kim Jong Min 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMorphologies of Spindt‐type molybdenum microtips were modified by reactive ion etching following polyimide coating on field emitter arrays(FEAs). The modification produces nano‐structured apexes on the microtips. The nano‐structured geometry provides multiple emission sites to lower the driving gate bias by around 30V and to remarkably improve emission uniformity on 5.2″ FEAs. In addition, the double‐gated FEAs, which are stable in a high voltage operation, were fabricated to achieve high brightness by taking advantage of the modification process.