bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of: Forensic Science: An Illustrated Dictionary
Authors: Brettell TA , Johnson DG 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Forensic Science: An Illustrated Dictionary is an expanded version of Brenner's Forrensic Science Glossary (CRC Press. Boca Raton, Fl, 1999). This book is an effort by Brenner to keep pace with the ever-growing terminology of the disciplines that comprise the field of forensic science—a siZable task considering the recent explosion of interest in the field. Forensic Science: An Illustrated Dictionary includes terms from both the emerging and also the more traditional, but certainly expanding, branches of forensic science. It addresses a plethora of areas including, but not limited to, DNA technology, biochemistry, trace evidence, drugs, toxicology, firearms identification, questioned documents, photography, computer forensics, crime scene strictly in the light of forensic science, which is appropriate for a field-specific reference. For example, discipline is defined as “a major area of casework for which a laboratory may seek accreditation.”
Review of: Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons, Third Edition
Authors: Kerrigan S 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons is a fully revised and expanded third edition of the book formerly known as Clarke's Isolation and Identification of Drugs. The latter has been a standard reference text in most laboratories for several decades. There are few practicing toxicologists that have not relied on this foundational text during the course of their work. It has become a staple for toxicologists in clinical, forensic, analytical, workplace and sports drugs testing, medical examiner, behavioral and research settings.
Allele Frequency Distribution of STR Loci D5S814 in Four Populations
Authors: Liang W , Lv M , Xu Y , Liao M , Zhou B , Jia Y , Lin Z 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
100 unrelated Chinese volunteer donors, 100 unrelated Thai volunteer donors, 100 unrelated Mongol volunteer donors, 100 unrelated Germany volunteer donors.
Polymorphism Data at D8S315 Locus Among Five Ethnic Groups of Kerala from South India
Authors: Ahmad S , Seshadri M 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
A total of 254 random, healthy individuals belonging to five distinct ethnic groups were analyzed for tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at autosomal microsatellite locus D8S315. The five distinct ethnic groups: Ezhavas, Nairs, Arayas, Vishwakarma, and Muslims belonged to Kerala state of South India. Muslims are religio-ethnic group while other populations mentioned above belong to distinct section of Hindu religion. All these population groups speak “Malayalam,” an Indo-Dravidian language.
Review of: Sudden Death In Infancy, Childhood And Adolescence, Second Edition
Authors: Kalelkar MB 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The second edition of this text is undoubtedly an improvement of the first, in that all aspects of sudden deaths in infancy, childhood and adolescence have been addressed, from birth to early 20's. This edition has also been expanded with an additional 300 new and colorful illustrations as well as 1200 new references. This added feature of citing numerous references at the end of every chapter will be extremely beneficial to researchers and students alike who are learning to investigate pediatric deaths.
Review of: Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry, Second Edition
Authors: Gage BC 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The Second Edition of Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry is a most welcome addition to the forensic literature. Richard Rosner and a talented and diverse group of authors and co-editors have offered up what can only be described as the most definitive exposition of the whole of forensic psychiatry as practiced in the United States. Most notable is that it is a significant improvement on what was already the leading text of its kind. It retains, and even adds to, the breadth and accessibility needed to function as a reference text for diverse professionals while offering more depth and nuance to the experienced forensic practitioner. It is also a much more lively read, perhaps reflecting both the seasoning of the many authors who refined their chapters from the First Edition and the addition of authors in some chapters.
Successful umbilical cord blood transplantation for Fanconi anemia using preimplantation genetic diagnosis for HLA‐matched donor
Authors: Bielorai Bella , Hughes Mark R. , Auerbach Arleen D. , Nagler Arnon , Loewenthal Ron , Rechavi Gideon , Toren Amos 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFanconi anemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental anomalies, and a high incidence of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia. Stem cell transplantation is the only curative treatment. In the absence of matched‐ sibling donor, an alternative mismatched family or matched unrelated donor can be used, but the results are inferior to the matched‐sibling transplant and carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been increasingly used in recent years for mutation analysis for many genetic disorders and results in the birth of healthy children, saving the need for the termination of pregnancy of an affected embryo. The use of PGD for combined analysis of mutation and HLA‐matching was reported for the first time in 2001. This enables the birth of an unaffected child who can serve as a donor for an affected sibling in need for stem cell transplantation. We report successful cord blood transplantation for a Fanconi anemia patient from his HLA‐matched sibling, born after PGD that included mutation analysis for Fanconi anemia and HLA typing. PGD can provide an unaffected donor for a sibling affected by genetic disease in the absence of a compatible related donor. Am. J. Hematol. 77:397–399, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Der 2×3‐Werkzeugkasten der metallorganischen Methoden zur regiochemisch erschöpfenden Funktionalisierung
Authors: Schlosser Manfred 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDieser Aufsatz stellt ein Konzept zur überschaubaren und umfassenden Strukturvermehrung vor. Dazu werden einfache aromatische oder heteroaromatische Ausgangsstoffe, oftmals Grundchemikalien, in alle regioisomer möglichen metallischen Zwischenstufen (meist Lithium‐Verbindungen) umgewandelt, die dann mit irgendeinem von zahllosen infrage kommenden Elektrophilen umgesetzt werden können, um auf diese Weise zu begehrten neuen Synthesebausteinen, insbesondere funktionellen Derivaten, zu gelangen. Die praktische Verwirklichung des Ziels beruht auf der Anwendung eines Sortiments ausgeklügelter Rezepte (“Werkzeugkasten”), die entwickelt wurden durch mechanistisch gelenkte Abwandlungen der beiden herausragenden Permutationsverfahren zur Erzeugung polarer metallorganischer Verbindungen, nämlich des Wasserstoff‐Metall‐ und des Halogen‐Metall‐Austausches. Diese methodischen Spielarten (“alte Methoden in neuem Gewand”) vervielfältigen die bestehenden Möglichkeiten für die organische Synthese, indem sie die denkbar höchste Regioflexibilität gewährleisten. Gleichzeitig bieten sie neue Einblicke in die Umstände, die metallorganische Reaktivität regeln, und geben Hinweise, wie man diese geplant ändern oder feineinstellen kann.
The evolution of the peculiarities of mammalian sex chromosomes: an epigenetic view
Authors: Jablonka Eva 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn most discussions of the evolution of sex chromosomes, it is presumed that the morphological differences between the X and Y were initiated by genetic changes. An alternative possibility is that, in the early stages, a key role was played by epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure that did not depend directly on genetic changes. Such modifications could have resulted from spontaneous epimutations at a sex‐determining locus or, in mammals, from selection in females for the epigenetic silencing of imprinted regions of the paternally derived sex chromosome. Other features of mammalian sex chromosomes that are easier to explain if the epigenetic dimension of chromosome evolution is considered include the relatively large number of X‐linked genes associated with human brain development, and the overrepresentation of spermatogenesis genes on the X. Both may be evolutionary consequences of dosage compensation through X‐inactivation. BioEssays 26:1327–1332, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scent wars: the chemobiology of competitive signalling in mice
Authors: Hurst Jane L. , Beynon Robert J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMany mammals use scent marks to advertise territory ownership, but only recently have we started to understand the complexity of these scent signals and the types of information that they convey. Whilst attention has generally focused on volatile odorants as the main information molecules in scents, studies of the house mouse have now defined a role for a family of proteins termed major urinary proteins (MUPs) which are, of course, involatile. MUPs bind male signalling volatiles and control their release from scent marks. These proteins are also highly polymorphic and the pattern of polymorphic variants provides a stable ownership signal that communicates genome‐derived information on the individual identity of the scent owner. Here we review the interaction between the chemical basis of mouse scents and the dynamics of their competitive scent marking behaviour, demonstrating how it is possible to provide reliable signals of the competitive ability and identity of individual males. BioEssays 26:1288–1298, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1,5‐Stereocontrol in Reactions of 5‐Benzyloxy‐4‐methylpent‐2‐enyl Bromides with Aldehydes Mediated by Bi(0): Synthesis of Aliphatic Compounds with 1,5‐syn‐Related Methyl Groups.
Authors: Donnelly Sam , Thomas Eric J. , Fielding Mark 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acid‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Diaryl Hydrazides for the Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized 2,2′‐Diamino‐1,1′‐biaryls.
Authors: Lim Young‐Kwan , Jung Jin‐Woo , Lee Haiwon , Cho Cheon‐Gyu 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Singlet Oxygen Reactions of 3‐Methoxy‐2‐pyrrole Carboxylic Acid tert‐Butyl Esters. A Route to 5‐Substituted Pyrrole Precursors of Prodigiosin and Analogues.
Authors: Wasserman Harry H. , Xia Mingde , Wang Jianji , Petersen Anders K. , Jorgensen Michael , Power Patricia , Parr Jonathan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Modified Flavonoids. Part 24. Synthesis of 4‐Aryloxy‐3‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐hydroxy/alkoxyphenyl)pyrazoles.
Authors: Arkhipov V. V. , Garazd M. M. , Smirnov M. N. , Khilya V. P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Green Chemistry Approaches to the Synthesis of 5‐Arylidenethiobarbituric Acids by a Condensation Reaction Between Aromatic Aldehydes and Thiobarbituric Acid: Comparison of Water, Microwave Irradiation, and Grinding.
Authors: Lu Jun , Li Yingying , Bai Yinjuan , Tian Min 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Directed Synthesis of a 1D Double‐Chain Polyoxometalate Assembly: {[Ag2(bppy)3][Ag(bppy)2][Ag(bppy)]2PW11Co(bppy)O39}·2H2O
Authors: Han Zhangang , Zhao Yulong , Peng Jun , Ma Huiyuan , Liu Qun , Wang Enbo , Hu Ninghai , Jia Hengqing 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA 1D double‐chain assembly based on the monosubstituted Keggin polyoxometalate (POM) with pendant ligands and of formula {[Ag2(bppy)3][Ag(bppy)2][Ag(bppy)]2PW11Co(bppy)O39}·2H2O (1) [bppy = 5‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐2‐(4‐pyridinyl)pyridine] has been synthesised and characterised. The crystals of 1 belong to the space group P$\bar 1$
, Mr = 5801.06, a = 18.720(4) Å, b = 19.474(4) Å, c = 19.815(4) Å, α = 96.30(3), β = 96.07(3), γ = 90.12(3)°, V = 7139(2) Å3, Z = 2, Dcalcd. = 2.699 Mg·m−3. The final statistics based on F2 are GOF = 1.007, R1 = 0.0620 and wR2 = 0.1346 for I > 2σ(I). X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the structure of 1 contains a 1D chain constructed from a monosubstituted tungstophosphate with one pendant conjugated ligand, five silver−bppy groups and two water molecules. The periphery of the Keggin cluster consists of five Ag−bppy groups so that a bicapped trisupporting Keggin structure is obtained. It is rare that a Keggin anion cluster is simultaneously coordinated to five transition metal atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
CuII and ZnII Coordination Chemistry of Pyrazole‐Containing Polyamine Receptors − Influence of the Hydrocarbon Side Chain Length on the Metal Coordination
Authors: Miranda Carlos , Escartí Francisco , Lamarque Laurent , García‐España Enrique , Navarro Pilar , Latorre Julio , Lloret Francisco , Jiménez Hermás R. , Yunta María J. R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe synthesis of a new macrocyclic receptor (L4) containing two 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole units connected by dipropylenetriamine bridges is reported for the first time; pH‐metric titrations indicate that L4 shows six protonation steps in the pH range 2−11. In the absence of metal ions, the pyrazole moieties are not involved in acid‐base processes in this pH range. Addition of CuII and ZnII results in deprotonation of the pyrazole moieties which act as bis(monodentate) η1:η1 ligands. This induced deprotonation occurs at higher pH values than in the complexes of the analogous ligand containing diethylenetriamine bridges (L1). The crystal structures of [Cu2(H−2L4)](ClO4)2 and [Zn2(H−2L4)](ClO4)2 obtained by treatment of Na2[H−2L4] with either Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O or Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O in methanol followed by recrystallisation from water/methanol also show the deprotonation of the pyrazole moieties. The coordination geometry around each metal ion is square‐pyramidal and involves all nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle. The crystal structure of [Zn2(H−2L1)](ClO4)2 shows full involvement of all the nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle in the coordination to the metal ions. The coordination geometry can be defined as midway between a square pyramid and an irregular trigonal bipyramid. Treatment of neutral L4 in methanol with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O yields a blue complex which, after heating in boiling water, crystallises as a red compound. Elemental microanalyses, ESI‐MS and FAB‐MS data of both forms of this complex are consistent with the formula [Cu2L4](ClO4)4·2H2O. Furthermore, these data along with the paramagnetic 1H NMR spectrum of the red form of the compound suggest a structure in which the pyrazole rings are deprotonated while the central nitrogen atoms of the bridging chains are protonated and consequently uncoordinated. The change from the blue (square‐pyramidal) to the red form (square‐planar) can be ascribed to dissociation of the water molecules which occupy the axial positions in the CuII coordination spheres of the blue form. The variation of the magnetic susceptibility of the red complex [Cu2L4](ClO4)4·2H2O and the complex [Cu2(H−2L4)](ClO4)2 with temperature has been studied in the 2−300 K temperature range. Fitting of the experimental data provides J values which are among the highest found for doubly pyrazolate‐bridged dicopper(II) complexes {J = −299 cm−1 for red‐[Cu2L4](ClO4)4·2H2O and J = −286 cm−1 for [Cu2(H−2L4)](ClO4)2}. A trinuclear CuII complex of formula [Cu3(H−2L4)](ClO4)4·2MeOH was also isolated after treatment of L4 with Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O solutions of higher concentration. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Frying as a science – An introduction
Authors: Stier Richard F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFrying is an ancient process, but it is only in the past fifty years that it has gained the attention it deserves from the scientific community. Early frying research tended to focus almost exclusively on the chemistry of the frying oil. Some of the pioneering work is summarized. Recent work has been looking at frying as a system, that is, the oil, the food, the fryer and the operation in general. This approach has yielded greater understanding of the process and has already led to improvements in frying operations. New ideas and aims are presented and these may lead to and create a framework for future work in deep‐fat frying.
Mass spectrometric characteristics of decabromodiphenyl ether and the application of isotopic dilution in the electron capture negative ionization mode for the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Authors: Björklund J. , Tollbäck P. , Östman C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe mass spectrometric properties of 12C‐and 13C‐labeled decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐209) in the low‐resolution mass spectrometry electron capture negative ionization mode (ECNI‐MS) is described in detail and are compared with those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with a lower degree of bromination. The mass spectrometric properties of BDE‐209 make it possible to apply 13C‐labeled BDE‐209 as an internal surrogate standard for the determination of BDE‐209 by isotopic dilution. A combination of the [Br]− and [C6Br5O]− fragment ions is proposed for the detection with ECNI‐MS in the selected ion monitoring mode to increase selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy in the determination of decabromodiphenyl ether together with other polybrominated diphenyl ethers. The importance of optimizing the instrument parameters to obtain optimal response from the mass spectrometer in the analysis of PBDEs is discussed in detail. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Local Chain Conformation‐Based Approach to Physical Ageing Fundamentals of Poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Guarrotxena Nekane , de Frutos Manuel , Retes Jesús 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples prepared at various temperatures have been submitted to a substitution reaction for purposes of selectively removing the GTTG–TT conformations of the mmr termini of long isotactic sequences. The physical ageing of all samples has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Surprisingly, a straight relation between the loss of enthalpy and the above GTTG–TT content, which pass through a minimum, has been found. Such a novel relationship should further lead to better understanding of the reasons why polymeric materials experience nonequilibrium states which are known to cause physical ageing.Dependence of the area of the endothermic peak (Qt) on the degree of the substitution of PVC (sample X) in cyclohexanone solution.imageDependence of the area of the endothermic peak (Qt) on the degree of the substitution of PVC (sample X) in cyclohexanone solution.
Self‐Consistent Brownian Dynamics Simulation of an Anisotropic Brush Under Shear Flow
Authors: Tupitsyna Alla I. , Darinskii Anatoly A. , Birshtein Tatiana M. , Amoskov Victor M. , Emri Igor 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: The behavior of an anisotropic polymer brush under a lateral shear flow is considered in the framework of a hybrid method combining a self‐consistent field approach and Brownian dynamics simulation. It is shown that such a flow can induce the compression of an anisotropic brush at shear rates much smaller than those which induce the compression of a conventional isotropic brush. Moreover, a lateral flow can initiate a thermotropic collapse which occurs as an LC phase transition. This collapse takes place at higher temperatures than in the absence of the flow. This can help to find brush compression experimentally. The variation of the internal structure of a brush (density, order parameter, and director orientation profiles, distribution of terminal groups) is also investigated. An anomalous effect of brush densification and ordering near the outer surface is observed. At large shear rates the distribution of chains over their deformation has a bimodal character: one fraction of chains is strongly stretched and another fraction remains unperturbed by the flow. Average characteristics of a brush were compared with predictions of the lattice theory for the box model where the lateral force is applied to chain ends. Satisfactory agreement was observed.Polymer brush under an influence of lateral flow.magnified imagePolymer brush under an influence of lateral flow.
Buckling analysis of shear deformable plates by boundary element method
Authors: Purbolaksono J. , Aliabadi M. H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this paper, the derivation and numerical implementation of boundary integral equations for the buckling analysis of shear deformable plates are presented. Plate buckling equations are derived as a standard eigenvalue problem. The formulation is formed by coupling boundary element formulations of shear deformable plate and two dimensional plane stress elasticity. The eigenvalue problem of plate buckling yields the critical load factor and buckling modes. The domain integrals which appear in this formulation are treated in two different ways: initially the integrals are evaluated using constant cells, and next, they are transformed into equivalent boundary integrals using the dual reciprocity method (DRM). Several examples with different geometry, loading and boundary conditions are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the formulation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypocotyl expression and light downregulation of the soybean tubulin gene, tubB1
Authors: Tonoike Hiroshi , Han In‐Seob , Jongewaard Ian , Doyle Michele , Guiltinan Mark , Fosket Donald E. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryThe tubB1 β‐tubulin gene of Glycine max (previously named spβ1) is highly expressed only in rapidly elongating regions of etiolated seedling hypocotyls and this expression is strongly downregulated when the seedlings are exposed to light. Primer extension demonstrated that the gene was transcribed in these tissues and contained two sites of transcriptional Initiation. To determine the mechanism regulating tubB1 expression, a chimeric reporter gene was constructed by fusing 5′upstream regions of tubB1 to a promoterless (β‐glucuronidase (GUS) gene and these constructs were introduced into protoplasts by electroporation. Strong transient expression of the reporter gene was obtained after electroporation of chimeric constructs containing 1 kb of tubB1 5′upstream sequence into tobacco protoplasts. Deletion of the distal most 300 bp from the 5′sequence of tubB1 enhanced expression, suggesting the possibility of a negative transcriptional regulator in this region. Additional deletions of the 5 sequence reduced expression substantially. Constructs containing a tubB1 3′terminus were expressed at much lower levels than those containing a nopaline synthase (NOS) 3 terminus. The tubB1–GUS chimeric gene also was introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium‐mediated Ti plasmid transformation and the organ‐specific expression pattern of the chimeric gene was determined in seedlings of the transgenic plants. Hypocotyls exhibited strong GUS activity when the seedlings were germinated in darkness, but lacked the GUS enzyme when the seedlings were germinated in the light. This result demonstrates that the cis‐acting elements within the first 2 kb of the translational start site of the tubB1 gene are sufficient for correct expression of the gene in etiolated, elongating hypocotyl tissues, and for the downregulation of this expression by light.