bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotaxic implantation of 5‐fluorouracil‐releasing microspheres in malignant glioma
Authors: Menei Philippe , Jadaud Eric , Faisant Nathalie , Boisdron‐Celle Michèle , Michalak Sophie , Fournier Dominique , Delhaye Manuel , Benoit Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors developed a new method of drug delivery into the brain using implantable, biodegradable microspheres. The strategy was evaluated initially to provide localized and sustained delivery of the radiosensitizer 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) after patients underwent surgical resection of malignant glioma. In this study, the microspheres were implanted by stereotaxy into deeply situated and inoperable brain tumors.METHODSTen patients with newly diagnosed, inoperable, malignant gliomas were included in the study, and 1 dose of 5‐FU was studied (132 mg). After histologic confirmation, a suspension of poly(D‐L lactide‐co‐glycolide) 5‐FU‐loaded microspheres was implanted by stereotaxy into the tumor in one or several trajectories with one to seven deposits per trajectory. External beam radiation (59.4 grays) was started before postoperative Day 7. Patients were followed by clinical examination, computed tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, and 5‐FU assays in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).RESULTSThe number of trajectories was adapted to the size and shape of the tumor. Microsphere implantation was tolerated well, except in four patients who received a single trajectory and experienced a transitory worsening of preexisting neurologic symptoms. There were no episodes of edema or hematologic complications. 5‐FU was detected in CSF and blood in some patients at very low concentrations. The median overall survival was 40 weeks, with 2 patients who had longer survival (71 weeks and 89 weeks, respectively).CONCLUSIONSIn this study, the authors demonstrated that biodegradable microspheres could be implanted by stereotaxy and were efficient systems for drug delivery into brain tumors. This method may have future applications in the treatment of patients other malignancies. Cancer 2004;100:405–10. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Cigarette smoking and colorectal carcinoma mortality in a cohort with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Colangelo Laura A. , Gapstur Susan M. , Gann Peter H. , Dyer Alan R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDEvidence suggests that colorectal carcinoma (CRC) may be a tobacco‐associated malignancy.METHODSIn the current study, the authors examined the association between cigarette smoking and CRC mortality in the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry study, a cohort of 39,299 men and women with an average of 26 years of follow‐up. To assess whether the association was stronger in participants with a potentially long history of smoking, the authors also stratified the analysis using a baseline age ≥ 50 years versus < 50 years.RESULTSUsing multivariate Cox regression analysis, there was a marginally significant trend (P = 0.06) for men and women combined between smoking and CRC mortality. In the age‐stratified analysis in the older participant group, there was no apparent association for men, women, or men and women combined. In the younger participant group, there appeared to be dose‐response relations for women and for men and women combined (P value for trend = 0.008 and 0.03, respectively) between smoking and CRC mortality. The relative risk for women who smoked >20 cigarettes/day compared with never smokers was 2.49 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.87–7.12), and was 1.87 for men and women combined (95% CI, 1.08–3.22).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study support an association between cigarette smoking and CRC mortality, particularly in women age < 50 years. Cancer 2004;100:288–93. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Comparative genomic hybridization in primary sinonasal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Ariza Manuela , Luis Llorente José , Alvarez‐Marcas Cesar , Baragaño Lucia , Salas Ana , Rodriguez Prado Nuria , Hermsen Mario , Suárez Carlos , Sampedro Andres 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known about the genetic alterations that occur in sinonasal adenocarcinomas. The goal of the current study was to detect recurrent chromosomal gains and losses in a series of 21 primary sinonasal adenocarcinomas using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).METHODSThe authors examined ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma samples from 21 patients. All 21 adenocarcinomas were associated with work‐related exposure to wood dust. CGH was used to detect chromosomal abnormalities, and the results of CGH analysis were evaluated for correlations with clinicopathologic characteristics.RESULTSChromosomal gains and losses were detected in all 21 adenocarcinomas. Gains were detected at high frequencies at 7q11–21 (n = 15 [71%]), 18p11 (n = 14 [66%]), 8q11–22 (n = 13 [62%]), 5p11–13 (n = 12 [57%]), 12q11–13 and 19p (n = 11 [52%]), 20q (n = 10 [47%]), X and 5p (n = 9 [43%]), and 3q26–27 (n = 8 [38%]); and losses were detected at 8p22–23 (n = 18 [86%]), 18q22–23 (n = 17 [80%]), 17p13 (n = 12 [57%]), and 5q31–qter (n = 11 [52%]). Aside from low‐level gains, 43 high‐level amplifications were observed in the current series of 21 tumors, most commonly at Xq13 (n = 7 [33%]).CONCLUSIONSCGH revealed that ethmoid sinus adenocarcinomas carry a large number of chromosomal losses and gains, including high‐level amplifications. To the authors' knowledge, the current study represents the first attempt to investigate sinonasal adenocarcinomas on a genetic level by using CGH. The pattern of chromosomal abnormalities in these tumors was different from the pattern in other tumors within the same anatomic region (e.g., squamous cell carcinomas and salivary gland tumors); this finding may be explained by differences in etiology. Nonetheless, sinonasal adenocarcinomas appear to be genetically similar to adenocarcinomas of the stomach and colon, which also have an etiology that differs from that of sinonasal adenocarcinomas. Further study is necessary to better understand the molecular genetic basis underlying the development of sinonasal adenocarcinomas. In the near future, this type of understanding may present new possibilities for prevention and treatment of malignant disease. Cancer 2004;100:335–41. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Androgen ablation therapy for prostate carcinoma suppresses the immunoreactive telomerase subunit hTERT
Authors: Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Huang Wei , Mazzucchelli Roberta , Pantazis Cooley G. , Stevens Gary R. , Montironi Rodolfo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTelomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that protects the ends of chromosomes from degradation. Its catalytic subunit, hTERT, controls its activity. Prior data in prostate carcinoma cases indicated that immunohistochemical hTERT reactivity increases with tumor grade and may be absent in lower grade cases. The effect of complete androgen ablation (CAA) on tumor hTERT expression was uncertain.METHODShTERT immunostaining was performed on the cancerous pretreatment biopsy tissue of 30 men who consecutively underwent CAA with bicalutamide and goserelin acetate for 30 days prior to undergoing radical prostatectomy, and on their tumor tissue from radical prostatectomy. As controls, biopsy and prostatectomy samples from 30 untreated men were studied. Nuclear staining was evaluated by two observers, and the change in staining between biopsy and prostatectomy samples was evaluated using the Student t test in both groups.RESULTSThe percent of reactive tumor nuclei in treated men declined from 36.7% to 13.2% (P = 0.0001), and declined from 19.8% to 16.1% in untreated men (P = 0.4). The greater mean hTERT reactivity in the treated men's biopsy specimens was attributed to an increased proportion of higher (Gleason score ≥ 7) grade tumors. The decline in hTERT immunostaining remained significant after normalizing it to that of the untreated group (P = 0.002). The original Gleason scores, corresponding declines in the percentage of reactive tumor nuclei, and significance were: Gleason score ≤ 6: 11% (P = 0.03); Gleason score of 7: 23% (P < 0.006); and Gleason score ≥ 8: 46% (P < 0.005) (from a mean 63% to 17%).CONCLUSIONSCAA for prostate carcinoma can be considered an antitelomerase therapy. The steepest reduction in telomerase activity was noted in the highest grade tumors. Cancer 2004;100:294–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Human papillomavirus‐31‐related types predict better survival in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Huang Lee‐Wen , Chao Shiouh‐Lirng , Hwang Jiann‐Loung 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the current study was to explore the clinical implications and prognostic value of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype in cervical carcinomas.METHODSA total of 152 patients diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage I–IV cervical carcinoma were studied between 1992–1999. HPV DNA status was assessed from paraffin‐embedded, formaldehyde‐fixed cervical carcinoma specimens by polymerase chain reaction‐based methods using E7 type‐specific and L1 modified general primers (MY11/GP6+ and GP5+/GP6+). The authors divided the patients into four groups: HPV‐16‐related, HPV‐18‐related, HPV‐31‐related, and HPV‐58‐related types. The relations with clinicopathologic data and overall survival were evaluated.RESULTSHPV DNA was detected in 98% of the tumor specimens and 28.9% of the tumor specimens contained multiple HPV types. The HPV‐16‐related types were detected more often in squamous cell carcinomas, whereas the HPV‐18‐related types were more prevalent in adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas. In addition, Stage I–II diseases were found more frequently in the HPV‐16‐related group than in the other groups (P = 0.001). Otherwise, no significant correlation between the HPV genotype and other clinicopathologic parameters was found. After a median follow‐up of 64.5 months, the 5‐year survival rate was 92% in the HPV‐31‐related group compared with 70% in the HPV‐16‐related group, 69% in the HPV‐18‐related group, and 36% in the HPV‐58‐related group. The survival rates statistically differed among the four groups by log‐rank test (P = 0.02). However, the presence of multiple HPV types was not associated with prognosis. After stratifying for clinical stage, multivariate analysis demonstrated that HPV genotype was an independent prognostic factor. Compared with the HPV‐16‐related group, the long‐term mortality rate was 73 % lower in the HPV‐31‐related group (relative risk, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.76; P = 0.013).CONCLUSIONSThe presence of HPV‐31‐related types was an independent predictor of better survival in patients with cervical carcinoma. Therefore, HPV genotyping of cervical carcinomas may have profound implications for future patient management. Cancer 2004;100:327–34. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Prospective randomized controlled study of interferon‐alpha in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after medical ablation therapy for primary tumors
Authors: Lin Shi‐Ming , Lin Chun‐Jung , Hsu Chao‐Wei , Tai Dar‐In , Sheen I‐Shyan , Lin Deng‐Yn , Liaw Yun‐Fan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after ablation therapy for primary tumors is common.METHODSTo evaluate the effectiveness of interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) in preventing HCC recurrence, 30 eligible patients were randomized into three groups: 11 patients treated with three mega units (MU) of IFN‐α three times weekly for 24 months (IFN‐α‐continuous group), 9 patients treated with 3 MU of IFN‐α daily for 10 days every month for 6 months followed by 3 MU of IFN‐α daily for 10 days every 3 months for a further 18 months (IFN‐α‐intermittent group), and 10 patients who received no IFN‐α therapy (control group). The three groups were comparable in terms of etiology, demographics, and laboratory data at entry and HCC characteristics.RESULTSAfter a median follow‐up of 27 months (range 4–53 months), 9 patients (90%) in the control group and 9 patients (45%) in 2 treatment groups (6 patients in the IFN‐α‐continuous group and 3 patients in the IFN‐α‐intermittent group) developed an HCC recurrence (P= 0.021). Cumulative HCC recurrence rates in the IFN‐α‐intermittent, IFN‐α‐continuous, and control groups were 22.2%, 27.3%, and 40% at the end of 1 year and 33.3%, 54.6%, and 90% at the end of 4 years (P= 0.0375), respectively (control vs. IFN‐α‐intermittent group,P= 0.0123; vs. IFN‐α‐continuous group,P= 0.0822). If both IFN‐α groups were combined, the cumulative HCC recurrence rate of the patients treated with IFN‐α and the control group was 25% and 40% at the end of 1 year and 47% and 90% at the end of 4 years, respectively (P= 0.0135).CONCLUSIONSThe data suggested that IFN‐α therapy may reduce HCC recurrence after medical ablation therapy for primary tumors. Cancer 2004;100:376–82. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Large cell neuroblastoma
Authors: Tornóczky Tamás , Kálmán Endre , Kajtár Pál G. , Nyári Tibor , Pearson Andrew D. J. , Tweddle Deborah A. , Board Julian , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong cases of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated tumors in the neuroblastoma (Schwannian stroma–poor) category, the authors histologically identified a group of rare tumors, known as large cell neuroblastomas (LCNs), that are composed of large cells with sharply outlined nuclear membranes and 1–4 prominent nucleoli.METHODSHistologic and immunohistochemical features of LCN were characterized. Morphologic characteristics, clinical features, and MYCN status were compared between LCNs and conventional neuroblastomas documented in the files of two European centers (the Sir James Spence Institute of Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, and the Medical and Health Sciences Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary).RESULTSOf 92 peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNTs; including neuroblastoma [n = 81]; ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed [n = 6]; and ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular [n = 5]), 7 (7.6%) qualified as LCN. All 7 LCNs were classified as having unfavorable histology (UH) according to the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification. The LCNs were composed of monomorphous undifferentiated neuroblasts and shared certain histologic features, such as a high incidence of high mitosis‐karyorrhexis index and a low incidence of calcification, with other neuroblastomas in the conventional UH (c‐UH) group. These features were significantly different from those of neuroblastomas in the conventional favorable histology (c‐FH) group. On immunohistochemical analysis, LCN tumor cells were positive for neuron‐specific enolase (5 of 5 cases), protein gene product 9.5 (5 of 5 cases), synaptophysin (5 of 5 cases), tyrosine hydroxylase (focally in 3 of 3 cases), and NB84 (3 of 5 cases) and negative for CD99. Patients with LCN and patients with c‐UH disease had similar clinical features (diagnosis at age > 1 year, often with distant metastasis). The clinical features of these patients also were significantly different from those of patients with c‐FH disease. Further analysis demonstrated that the LCN group was significantly different from both the c‐UH and c‐FH groups with respect to MYCN status (MYCN amplification, 4 of 5 vs. 3 of 17 vs. 8 of 17, respectively; P = 0.023) and survival rate (4‐year expected survival, 0% vs. 71% vs. 17%, respectively; P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSBecause of its unique clinicopathologic features, the authors propose that LCN be recognized as a distinct entity within the undifferentiated and poorly differentiated subtypes of the neuroblastoma category. Cancer 2004;100:390–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
News media coverage of human papillomavirus
Authors: Anhang Rebecca , Stryker Jo Ellen , Wright Thomas C. , Goldie Sue J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDNow that human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is being incorporated into cervical cancer screening programs, salient and accurate media information about HPV will be crucial to inform women's screening choices and to manage psychosocial responses to HPV DNA test results.METHODSThe authors conducted a content analysis of 111 news stories about HPV from the 10 most circulated newspapers and from 3 major television networks for the period from January 1995 through July 2002. Stories were assessed for predominant theme (STD, cancer, or new tests); information about symptoms, transmission, prevention, and cancer‐causing properties of HPV; screening test descriptions; and recommended screening guidelines.RESULTSThirty‐six percent of stories primarily were about new tests for HPV or cervical cancer, 30% of stories focused on cervical cancer or its link to HPV, and 27% of stories emphasized sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or genital warts. Seventy‐nine percent of stories mentioned that HPV is an STD, and 50% of stories reported that HPV is very common. Twenty‐six percent of stories reported that most women with HPV will not develop cervical carcinoma. Of 81 stories that mentioned a screening test for HPV or cervical carcinoma, 38% reported the sensitivity of the test; 30% mentioned wrong, uncertain, or unnecessary test results; and 25% mentioned consequences of such results.CONCLUSIONSMedia coverage of HPV could better fulfill women's educational needs by including information about low‐risk and high‐risk types of HPV and their differing links to cervical cancer; describing HPV prevention, transmission, and symptoms; explaining the benefits and consequences of HPV testing; and outlining the latest screening guidelines in every story. Cancer 2004;100:308–14. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Women's desired information about human papillomavirus
Authors: Anhang Rebecca , Wright Thomas C. , Smock Laura , Goldie Sue J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is incorporated into cervical carcinoma screening programs, educational messages must be developed to inform women's screening choices and manage psychosocial responses to HPV DNA test results. However, little is known about women's questions and concerns about HPV or their attitudes toward HPV testing.METHODSEight focus groups with 48 ethnically diverse, low‐income women were conducted at community centers, family planning and primary care clinics, and substance abuse rehabilitation facilities in Massachusetts.RESULTSThe participants' comments and questions about HPV revealed five major themes. First, most women overestimated the likelihood that women with HPV would develop cancer. Second, women struggled to balance the anxiety of knowing that HPV infection causes cervical carcinoma with the information that HPV infection often regresses without treatment. Third, many women were confused that Papanicolaou smear results could be normal when HPV infection is present. Fourth, women preferred to receive a personalized risk profile to assess their own likelihood of contracting HPV infection and cervical carcinoma. Fifth, younger women focused on the sexual transmission of HPV infection, rather than on its potential to cause cancer.CONCLUSIONSEffective HPV education must include information about transmission, prevention, treatment, and cervical carcinoma risk; tailor messages to describe HPV susceptibility according to age and risk profile; present clarification regarding HPV strains and their consequences; offer explanations of different types of tests and their results; and provide a balance between accurate discussion of cancer risk and reassurance that following recommended screening practices will reduce risk to negligible levels. Cancer 2004;100:315–20. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Quality of life as a survival predictor for patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Fang Fu‐Min , Liu Yi‐Tien , Tang Yeh , Wang Chong‐Jong , Ko Sheung‐Fat 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccumulating reports suggest that quality of life (QoL) may predict survival in patients with malignant disease. In the current study, the authors investigated if baseline QoL and changes in QoL during treatment were prognostic for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radiotherapy.METHODSThe authors studied 102 consecutive new patients with HNSCC treated with primary radiotherapy. The Taiwan Chinese versions of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and Head and Neck Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐H&N35) were completed before and during radiotherapy. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the impact of clinical and QoL variables on survival.RESULTSClinical variables that were significant survival predictors included American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, N status, and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) after multivariate analysis. After introducing the QoL variables, baseline fatigue scale and N status emerged as the most significant survival predictors, whereas KPS lost its significance. Changes in the QoL scales during radiotherapy were not significantly correlated with survival. An increase in the baseline fatigue score of 10 points corresponded to a 17% reduction in the likelihood of survival (95% confidence interval: 8–27%). Significant correlations between baseline fatigue scale and KPS, comorbidity, hemoglobin level, AJCC stage, T status, and most QoL scales also were observed.CONCLUSIONSThe data support the correlation of patient reported QoL scales with survival. Pretreatment fatigue level was a significant survival predictor for patients with advanced HNSCC treated with radiotherapy. Cancer 2004;100:425–32. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Smoking causes colon carcinoma
Authors: Colditz Graham A. , Yaus Kathleen P. 
Published: January 2004

In the study by Colangelo et. al., the authors reported their findings regarding the correlation between smoking and mortality from colorectal carcinoma in a cohort of 39,299 subjects with an average of 26 years of follow‐up. The editorial concludes that smoking causes colon cancer and tobacco control should be the highest public health priority.See also pages 288–93.
Human papillomavirus infections
Authors: Monk Bradley J. , Wiley Dorothy J. 
Published: January 2004

In this issue of Cancer, Anhang et al. present a review of written and verbal media reports that concern human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer screening, and sexually transmitted infection. Their findings suggest that it is little wonder that the public is informed so inadequately about the virus, the consequences of infection, and the natural history of cervical neoplasia.See also pages 308–14.