bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Expected Symptoms and Subsequent Quality of Life Measures Among Adults With COPD
Authors: Hart Joanna L. , Summer Amy E. , Ogunduyile Lon , Lapite Folasade C. , Hong David , Whitman Casey , Blette Bryan S. , Harhay Michael O. , Halpern Scott D. 
Published: November 2023

ImportancePatients’ expectations for future health guide their decisions and enable them to prepare, adapt, and cope. However, little is known about how inaccurate expectations may affect patients’ illness outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess the association between patients’ expectation inaccuracies and health-related quality of life.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was conducted from 2017 to 2021, which included a 24-month follow-up period. Eligible participants received outpatient primary care at pulmonary clinics of a single large US health system. Data were analyzed between 2021 and 2023.ExposureExpectation accuracy, measured by comparing patients’ self-reported expectations of their symptom burden with their actual physical and emotional symptoms 3, 12, and 24 months in the future.Main Outcome and MeasureHealth-related quality of life, measured by the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD at 3, 12, and 24 months.ResultsA total of 207 participants were included (median age, 65.5 years [range, 42.0-86.0 years]; 120 women [58.0%]; 118 Black [57.0%], 79 White [38.2%]). The consent rate among approached patients was 80.0%. Most patients reported no or only limited discussions of future health and symptom burdens with their clinicians. Across physical and emotional symptoms and all 3 time points, patients’ expectations were more optimistic than their experiences. There were no consistent patterns of measured demographic or behavioral characteristics associated with expectation accuracy. Regression models revealed that overoptimistic expectations of future burdens of dyspnea (linear regression estimate, 4.68; 95% CI, 2.68 to 6.68) and negative emotions (linear regression estimate, −3.04; 95% CI, −4.78 to 1.29) were associated with lower health-related quality of life at 3 months after adjustment for baseline health-related quality of life, forced expiratory volume over 1 second, and interval clinical events (P &amp;lt; .001 for both). Similar patterns were observed at 12 months (dyspnea: linear regression estimate, 2.41; 95% CI, 0.45 to 4.37) and 24 months (negative emotions: linear regression estimate, −2.39; 95% CI, −4.67 to 0.12; dyspnea: linear regression estimate, 3.21; 95% CI, 0.82 to 5.60), although there was no statistically significant association between expectation of negative emotions and quality of life at 12 months.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with COPD, we found that patients are overoptimistic in their expectations about future negative symptom burdens, and such inaccuracies were independently associated with worse well-being over time. Developing and implementing strategies to improve patients’ symptom expectations may improve patient-centered outcomes.
Classifying Multimorbidity Using Drug Concepts via the Rx‐Risk Comorbidity Index: Methods and Comparative Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Vanderbleek Jared J. , Owensby Justin K. , McAnnally Alex , England Bryant R. , Chen Lang , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Yun Huifeng 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe study objective was to update a method to identify comorbid conditions using only medication information in circumstances in which diagnosis codes may be undercaptured, such as in single‐specialty electronic health records (EHRs), and to compare the distribution of comorbidities across Rx‐Risk versus other traditional comorbidity indices.MethodsUsing First Databank, RxNorm, and its web‐based clients, RxNav and RxClass, we mapped Drug Concept Unique Identifiers (RxCUIs), National Drug Codes (NDCs), and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes to Rx‐Risk, a medication‐focused comorbidity index. In established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) cohorts within the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness registry, we then compared Rx‐Risk with other comorbidity indices, including the Charlson Comorbidity Index, Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI), and Elixhauser.ResultsWe identified 965 unique ingredient RxCUIs representing the 46 Rx‐Risk comorbidity categories. After excluding dosage form and ingredient related RxCUIs, 80,911 unique associated RxCUIs were mapped to the index. Additionally, 187,024 unique NDCs and 354 ATC codes were obtained and mapped to the index categories. When compared to traditional comorbidity indices in the RA cohort, the median score for Rx‐Risk (median 6.00 [25th percentile 2, 75th percentile 9]) was much greater than for Charlson (median 0 [25th percentile 0, 75th percentile 0]), RDCI (median 0 [25th percentile 0, 75th percentile 0]), and Elixhauser (median 1 [25th percentile 1, 75th percentile 1]). Analyses of the OA cohort yielded similar results. For patients with a Charlson score of 0 (85% of total), both the RDCI and Elixhauser were close to 1, but the Rx‐Risk score ranged from 0 to 16 or more.ConclusionThe misclassification and under‐ascertainment of comorbidities in single‐specialty EHRs can largely be overcome by using a medication‐focused comorbidity index.
Electrically Tunable Polymer Stabilized Chiral Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystal Microlenses
Authors: Perera Kelum , Haputhantrige Nilanthi , Himel Md Sakhawat Hossain , Mostafa Md , Adaka Alex , Mann Elizabeth K. , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Jákli Antal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTunable optical lenses are in great demand in modern technologies ranging from augmented and virtual reality to sensing and detection. In this work, electrically tunable microlenses based on a polymer‐stabilized chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal are described. The power of the lens can be quickly (within 5 ms) varied by ≈500 diopters by ramping an in‐plane electric field from 0 to 2.5 V µm−1. Importantly, within this relatively low‐amplitude field range, the lens is optically isotropic; thus, its focal length is independent of the polarization of incoming light. This remarkable performance combines the advantages of electrically tuned isotropic lenses and the field‐controlled shape of the lens, which are unique properties of chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals and have no counterpart in other liquid crystals. The achieved lens performance represents a significant step forward as compared to liquid lenses controlled by electrowetting and opens new possibilities in various applications such as biomimetic optics, security printing, and solar energy concentration.
Multidisciplinary Approaches in the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases: A Review
Authors: Chen Jianqi , Zhuo Xiaohua , Zhu Yingting , Zhuo Yehong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRetinal degenerative diseases (RDDs) cause irreversible blindness and affect ≈285 million individuals worldwide. The unavailability of treatment to stop the progression of RDDs or restore normal visual function necessitated development of novel therapeutic strategies. In recent years, multidisciplinary approaches have shown great potential for the treatment of RDDs, including intraocular delivery systems, retinal scaffolds for cell therapy, and visual prostheses with different stimulation strategies. This review focuses on the development prospects and shortcomings of various multidisciplinary treatment approaches for RDDs. The results of this review will hopefully inspire further innovation in the design of novel multidisciplinary approaches for RDD treatment and accelerate their commercialization.
A Quenched Disorder in the Quantum‐Critical Superconductor CeCoIn5
Authors: Jung Soon‐Gil , Jang Harim , Kim Jihyun , Park Jin‐Hong , Lee Sangyun , Seo Soonbeom , Bauer Eric D. , Park Tuson 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmergent inhomogeneous electronic phases in metallic quantum systems are crucial for understanding high‐Tc superconductivity and other novel quantum states. In particular, spin droplets introduced by nonmagnetic dopants in quantum‐critical superconductors (QCSs) can lead to a novel magnetic state in superconducting phases. However, the role of disorders caused by nonmagnetic dopants in quantum‐critical regimes and their precise relation with superconductivity remain unclear. Here, the systematic evolution of a strong correlation between superconductive intertwined electronic phases and antiferromagnetism in Cd‐doped CeCoIn5 is presented by measuring current–voltage characteristics under an external pressure. In the low‐pressure coexisting regime where antiferromagnetic (AFM) and superconducting (SC) orders coexist, the critical current (Ic) is gradually suppressed by the increasing magnetic field, as in conventional type‐II superconductors. At pressures higher than the critical pressure where the AFM order disappears, Ic remarkably shows a sudden spike near the irreversible magnetic field. In addition, at high pressures far from the critical pressure point, the peak effect is not suppressed, but remains robust over the whole superconducting region. These results indicate that magnetic islands are protected around dopant sites despite being suppressed by the increasingly correlated effects under pressure, providing a new perspective on the role of quenched disorders in QCSs.
Genome‐wide identification and expression analysis of salinity stress–related protein kinase in cotton
Authors: Ur Rahman Shafeeq , Shehzad Muhammad , Qin Anzhen , Zain Muhammad , Shahzad Sher Muhammad , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSalinity stress is a worldwide problem that damages crop growth and development. As a principal regulatory component in eukaryotic cells, protein kinase is key to regulating crop tolerance to salinity stress. However, it is still unclear about the responses of protein kinase to salinity stress across different upland cotton species in China. This study was conducted to evaluate the functional expression of protein kinase genes in three cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboretum) under salinity stress. A total of 134 genes that encode the protein kinase were recognized in cotton species. The results indicated that 67 genes belonged to G. hirsutum, 34 genes belonged to G. arboretum, and 33 genes belonged to G. raimondii, respectively. Protein kinase genes were unequally distributed on the chromosomes of the three cotton species. Based on the syntenic analysis, 58 protein kinase genes were duplicated in G. hirsutum, G. raimondii, and G. arboretum. The results of synonymous (Ks), non‐synonymous (Ka), and Ka/Ks values for orthologous genes showed that the top 10 G. hirsutum protein kinase genes were mostly expressed. Co‐expression network analysis of protein kinase genes confirmed their function in improving crop tolerance to salinity stress for different cotton species. It was concluded that protein kinase genes were stress‐inducible and were linked to stress‐responsive miRNAs in cotton species. The findings can be used for breeding new salt‐tolerant cotton varieties in China.
Paleoserological detection of Coronavirus antigens in dental calculus of human remains dating from the beginning of the 19th century, French Ardennes
Authors: Merrouche N. , Edouard S. , Oumarou Hama H. , Gucker D. , Thiol S. , Orain N. , Aboudharam G. , Drancourt M. , Terrer E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveVanishing viral RNA restricts our ability to detect ancient pathogens, so, we used paleo serological approaches to trace the dynamics of the Coronavirus in ancient populations.Materials and MethodsWe investigated 10 ancient dental calculus samples collected from a cemetery dated to the beginning of the 19th century and excavated in Charleville‐Mézières. After paleoserum samples were extracted from dental calculus, paleoserology using mini‐line‐blot incorporating one alpha‐Coronavirus (Coronavirus 229 E) and two beta‐Coronavirus (Coronavirus OC 43, SARS‐CoV‐2) antigens and controls was completed by an automated Western blotting assay.ResultsOnce appropriate controls had validated the data, mini‐line‐blot detected antibodies against the two beta‐Coronavirus antigens in individuals US1300 and US1339, automated Western blotting confirming one beta‐Coronavirus antigen for individual US1300 and an additional individual US1326.DiscussionCombing mini‐line blot and automated Western blot assays made it possible to detect immunoreactive immunoglobulin tracing circulation of Coronavirus in France at the very beginning of the 19th century.
The placebo effect in randomized‐controlled trials of medical treatments for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pipaliya Royal M. , Duckett Kelsey A. , Monaghan Neil P. , Miller Emma Marin , Young Gabrielle , Brennan Emily A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe placebo effect observed in clinical trials evaluating medical treatments for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not well understood. This systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to characterize the placebo effect present within CRS outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Nursing (CINAHL) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating medical treatments for CRS versus placebo were included. We assessed patient‐reported (sino‐nasal outcome test 22 [SNOT‐22], nasal obstruction, sense of smell, nasal obstruction visual analogue score [VAS], sense of smell VAS, anterior rhinorrhea, and postnasal drip) and objective (Lund–Mackay Computed tomography (CT) score, peak nasal inspiratory flow [PNIF], nasal polyp scores, 40‐item Smell Identification Test, serum IgE, and blood eosinophil levels) outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐one RCTs were included, comprising 1437 patients (mean age 49.2 years). Biologics were the most common treatment investigated (n = 9). Eleven studies administered background steroids along with placebo. Following placebo administration, multiple patient‐reported outcomes significantly decreased, including SNOT‐22 (mean difference −9.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−11.26, −7.73]), nasal obstruction (−0.33 [−0.54, −0.13]), sense of smell (−0.22 [−0.33, −0.11]), nasal obstruction VAS (−2.47 [−2.87, −2.06]), and loss of smell VAS (−2.31 [−4.14, −0.47]) scores. For objective measures, significant changes occurred in Lund–Mackay CT score (−0.82, [−1.48, −0.16]) and PNIF (4.70, [4.76, 24.64]) with placebo. Placebo arms had the greatest impact when no background medications were used.ConclusionsPlacebo treatments have a statistically and potentially clinically significant effect on patient‐reported and some objective CRS outcomes. Further investigation is required to fully understand placebo effect, which could improve assessment of RCTs and impact patient care.
Microglial immunometabolism endophenotypes contribute to sex difference in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hou Yuan , Caldwell Jessica Z. K. , Lathia Justin D. , Leverenz James B. , Pieper Andrew A. , Cummings Jeffrey , Cheng Feixiong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe molecular mechanisms that contribute to sex differences, in particular female predominance, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence, symptomology, and pathology, are incompletely understood.METHODSTo address this problem, we investigated cellular metabolism and immune responses (“immunometabolism endophenotype”) across AD individuals as a function of sex with diverse clinical diagnosis of cognitive status at death (cogdx), Braak staging, and Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD (CERAD) scores using human cortex metabolomics and transcriptomics data from the Religious Orders Study / Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort.RESULTSWe identified sex‐specific metabolites, immune and metabolic genes, and pathways associated with the AD diagnosis and progression. We identified female‐specific elevation in glycerophosphorylcholine and N‐acetylglutamate, which are AD inflammatory metabolites involved in interleukin (IL)‐17 signaling, C‐type lectin receptor, interferon signaling, and Toll‐like receptor pathways. We pinpointed distinct microglia‐specific immunometabolism endophenotypes (i.e., lipid‐ and amino acid‐specific IL‐10 and IL‐17 signaling pathways) between female and male AD subjects. In addition, female AD subjects showed evidence of diminished excitatory neuron and microglia communications via glutamate‐mediated immunometabolism.DISCUSSIONOur results point to new understanding of the molecular basis for female predominance in AD, and warrant future independent validations with ethnically diverse patient cohorts to establish a likely causal relationship of microglial immunometabolism in the sex differences in AD.Highlights
Sex‐specific immune metabolites, gene networks and pathways, are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and disease progression.
Female AD subjects exhibit microglial immunometabolism endophenotypes characterized by decreased glutamate metabolism and elevated interleukin‐10 pathway activity.
Female AD subjects showed a shift in glutamate‐mediated cell‐cell communications between excitatory neurons to microglia and astrocyte.
Tailored Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (TSC‐ZIF) for water purification: Evaluating TSC‐ZIF affinity towards heavy metal ions in multi‐metal solutions
Authors: Jaafar Amani , Youness Fatima , Bilbeisi Rana A. 
Published: November 2023

In response to the growing concerns surrounding water pollution and the presence of multiple metal ions in environmental matrices, we conducted a comprehensive study to explore the potential of a thiosemicarbazone Schiff base in the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (TSC‐ZIF‐1) as an efficient adsorbent for removing harmful metal ions from aqueous solutions. Our investigation assessed the adsorption capacity and efficiency of TSC‐ZIF 1 towards three key metal ions—Hg(II), Ag(I), and Pb(II)—in homo‐ionic, tertiary, and multi‐metal ion systems. TSC‐ZIF 1 exhibited unprecedented adsorption behavior towards all three metal ions in the homo‐ionic system, with the Langmuir isotherm models fitting well (R2 ~ 0.98 to 0.99). The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 1,667 mg/g for Hg(II), as previously reported; 285 mg/g for Ag(I); and 769 mg/g for Pb(II); these values serve as baseline values. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis for a tertiary system, Hg(II)/Ag(I)/Pb(II), where the three metals co‐existed in one solution. The adsorption capacity for each metal ion was reduced to varying extents; notably, the adsorption capacity for Pb(II) experienced the most significant reduction, reaching a qm value of 57 mg/g, representing an ~93% decrease compared to the homo‐ionic metal system. Conversely, the adsorption capacity for Ag(I) exhibited a minor decrease of ~3%. Despite a decrease in the adsorption capacity for Hg(II) by approximately 34%, the removal capacity remains the highest among the other metals. Our investigation of the competitive adsorption among the metal ions in the Hg(II)/Ag(I)/Pb(II) system revealed an antagonistic effect, indicating strong adsorption competition for available sites on TSC‐ZIF 1. When extending this study to a more complex multi‐metal ion system containing six metal ions, TSC‐ZIF 1 exhibited high selectivity (higher than 60% removal) towards Hg(II), Ag(I), and Pb(II) in a multi‐ionic system, including Hg(II), Ag(I), Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Mg(II).
Structural, photoluminescence, and photocatalytic performances of Ce3+‐activated orthovanadate oxides M3(VO4)2 (M: Mg or Zn) synthesized by solution combustion route
Authors: Sharma Nikita , Sahay Pradosh Prakash 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a research investigation into the synthesis of vanadate oxides M3(VO4)2 (M: Mg or Zn) using the solution combustion method and investigates their structural, photoluminescence, and photocatalytic properties after introducing cerium (Ce) as a dopant. The resulting synthesized samples all display an orthorhombic crystalline structure with crystallite sizes ranging from 71 to 110 nm. Morphological diversity among the samples is revealed through field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imagery. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy discloses that the introduction of Ce3+ as a dopant leads to an increase in the band gap energy. Notably, when excited at a wavelength of 340 nm, the photoluminescence emission intensity reaches its peak across all samples. This intensity undergoes enhancement due to Ce3+ doping, causing a slight shift toward shorter wavelengths attributable to the augmented band gap resulting from the dopant. Markedly, among the investigated materials, Ce3+‐activated Mg3(VO4)2 stands out with the most pronounced emission intensity, positioning it as a highly promising luminescent material. Additionally, the incorporation of Ce3+ has a positive effect on the photocatalytic performance of Mg3(VO4)2, resulting in notable improvement.
Development and optimization of a frequency mixing sensor for adjacent samples quantitative detection on a lateral flow assay
Authors: Li Tangan , Zheng Chujun , Xu Hao , Ning Qihong , Sun Qingwen , Yu Ruoyao , Cui Daxiang , Wang Kan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrequency‐mixing technology has been widely used to precisely identify magnetic nanoparticles in applications of quantitative biomedical detection in recent years. Examples include immune adsorption, lateral flow assays (LFAs), and biomagnetic imaging. However, the signals of magnetic response generated by adjacent magnetic samples interfere with each other owing to the small spacing between them in applications involving multi‐sample detection (such as the LFA and multiplexing detection). Such signal interference prevents the biosensor from obtaining characteristic peaks related to the concentration of adjacent biomarkers from the magnetic response signals. Mathematical and physical models of the structure of sensors based on frequency‐mixing techniques were developed. The theoretical model was verified and its key parameters were optimized by using simulations. A new frequency‐mixing magnetic sensor structure was then designed and developed based on the model, and the key technical problem of signal crosstalk between adjacent samples was structurally solved. Finally, standard cards with stable magnetic properties were used to evaluate the performance of the sensor, and strips of the gastrin‐17 (G‐17) LFA were used to evaluate its potential for use in clinical applications. The results show that the minimum spacing between samples required by the optimized sensor to accurately identify them was only about 4–5 mm, and the minimum detectable concentration of G‐17 was 11 pg mL−1. This is a significant reduction in the required spacing between samples for multiplexing detection. The optimized sensor also has the potential for use in multi‐channel synchronous signal acquisition, and can be used to detect synchronous magnetic signals in vivo.