bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimization in Cooperative Response to Failing Database Queries
Authors: Godfrey Parke 
Published: October 2003

When a query fails, it is more cooperative to identify the cause of failure, rather than just to report the empty answer set. When there is not a cause per se for the query's failure, it is then worthwhile to report the part of the query which failed. To identify a Minimal Failing Subquery (MFS) of the query is the best way to do this. (This MFS is not unique; there may be many of them.) Likewise, to identify a Maximal Succeeding Subquery (XSS) can help a user to recast a new query that leads to a non-empty answer set. Database systems do not provide the functionality of these types of cooperative responses. This may be, in part, because algorithmic approaches to finding the MFSs and the XSSs to a failing query are not obvious. The search space of subqueries is large. Despite work on MFSs in the past, the algorithmic complexity of these identification problems had remained uncharted. This paper shows the complexity profile of MFS and XSS identification. It is shown that there exists a simple algorithm for finding an MFS or an XSS by asking N subsequent queries, in which N is the length of the query. To find more MFSs (or XSSs) can be hard. It is shown that to find N MFSs (or XSSs) is NP-hard. To find k MFSs (or XSSs), for a fixed k, remains polynomial. An optimal algorithm for enumerating MFSs and XSSs, ISHMAEL, is developed and presented. The algorithm has ideal performance in enumeration, finding the first answers quickly, and only decaying toward intractability in a predictable manner as further answers are found. The complexity results and the algorithmic approaches given in this paper should allow for the construction of cooperative facilities which identify MFSs and XSSs for database systems. These results are relevant to a number of problems outside of databases too, and may find further application.
Semantic Query Processing in the VENUS Environment
Authors: Cardiff John , Catarci Tiziana , Santucci Giuseppe 
Published: October 2003

Recent years have seen the publication of several methodologies for query processing in a Multidatabase (MDB) environment. Whilst different approaches are pertinent to specific CIS architectures, the issue of efficiency of processing has received relatively little attention. This is somewhat surprising considering the potentially large costs associated with MDB queries. In this paper, we consider the efficiency of processing queries in the VENUS (Esprit 6398) environment. The goal of this system is to allow a user to query multiple data sources by interacting with a conceptually single database, and by providing a query interface based on the use of visual formalisms. This system takes advantage of existing multidatabase query processing strategies, and deals with optimization issues by considering the exploitation of inter- and intra-schema semantics. We present a methodology which harnesses knowledge of the set-theoretic relationships between classes participating in a query, and demonstrate that significant saving can be made in MDB query processing. The methodology presented here is based on a powerful data model, the Graph Model, which we argue is suitable as the canonical model of a MDB. We also introduce a logic language to formally express interdependencies between classes belonging to different schemas. These assertions form the "backbone" of the MDB and, we may benefit in several ways from the possibility of reasoning about them, specifically by applying them in MDB query processing.
Highly efficient expression of transgenic proteins by naked DNA-transfected dendritic cells through terminal differentiation
Authors: Larregina Adriana T. , Morelli Adrian E. , Tkacheva Olga , Erdos Geza , Donahue Cara , Watkins Simon C. , Thomson Angus W. , Falo Louis D. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the induction and control of immunity. Genetic engineering of DCs is a promising approach for the development of a broad range of immunomodulatory strategies, for purposes ranging from genetic immunization to tolerance induction. The development of DC-based immunotherapies is limited by the inability to efficiently transfect DCs using naked DNA. Here we demonstrate that after plasmid DNA delivery, the transgene expression level controlled by the human immediate-early cytomegalovirus promoter (hIE-CMVp) is higher in mature DCs than in immature DCs and is further increased after terminal differentiation of DCs by agonist anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or after DC interaction with CD4+ T cells. CD40 signaling of DCs resulted in nuclear translocation of the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator of protein-1 (AP-1), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–responsive element, necessary for the activation of hIE-CMVp. Transgene expression by DCs diminished after the inhibition of these transcription factors or the blockade of adhesion molecules involved in the DC–T-cell synapse. Importantly, CD40 signaling of DCs results in the highly efficient expression and presentation of transgenic antigens and the induction of “in vivo” cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses specific for transgenic antigen peptides, demonstrating the functional potential of genetically engineered DCs.
Adoptive transfer of ex vivo immune-programmed NKT lymphocytes alleviates immune-mediated colitis
Authors: Shibolet Oren , Kalish Yossef , Klein Athalia , Alper Ruslana , Zolotarov Lydia , Thalenfeld Barbara , Engelhardt Dean , Rabbani Elazar , Ilan Yaron 
Published: October 2003

AbstractT lymphocyte-expressing natural killer (NK) cell markers (NKT cells) play a role in immune regulation. Our aim was to evaluate the in vivo effect of adoptive transfer of immune-programmed NKT cells. Colitis was induced in C57/B6 mice by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. NKT, CD4, CD8 lymphocytes, and dendritic cells (DC) were prepared from spleens of naive mice, animals with colitis, and animals with colitis that were orally tolerized. Subsets of splenocytes, NKT, CD4, and CD8 and NKT+CD4, NKT+CD8, and NKT+DC lymphocytes were prepared. Assessment of the T helper cell type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine secretion paradigm in vitro was performed before and following exposure to the antigen. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo immune-programmed lymphocytes from each group was performed into recipient mice, followed by colitis induction. Ex vivo exposure of NKT cells harvested from mice with colitis-to-colitis proteins [colitis-extracted proteins (CEP)] led to a Th2 cytokine shift. The interleukin (IL)-4/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) ratio increased for NKT harvested from colitis-harboring mice following exposure to CEP. Adoptive transfer of NKT lymphocytes harvested from colitis-harboring mice, which were ex vivo-educated, significantly alleviated experimental colitis in vivo. Intrahepatic NKT lymphocytes increased significantly in mice transplanted with NKT lymphocytes harvested from colitis-harboring donor mice, which were ex vivo-exposed to CEP, similar to mice transplanted with NKT lymphocytes harvested from tolerized donors. Exposure of NKT cells to the disease-target antigen induced a significant increase in the IL-4/IFN-γ cytokine ratio. Adoptive transfer of a relatively small number of immune-programmed NKT cells induced a systemic Th1 to Th2-immune shift and alleviated immune-mediated colitis.
Regulation of Collagen Synthesis in Mouse Skin Fibroblasts by Distinct Angiotensin II Receptor Subtypes
Authors: Min Li-Juan , Cui Tai-Xing , Yahata Yoko , Yamasaki Kenshi , Shiuchi Tetsuya , Liu Hong-Wei , Chen Rui , Li Jian-Mei , Okumura Midori , Jinno Toyohisa , Wu Lan , Iwai Masaru , Nahmias Clara , Hashimoto Koji , Horiuchi Masatsugu 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
We examined the possibility of whether angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptor stimulation differentially regulates collagen production in mouse skin fibroblasts. Both AT1 and AT2 receptors were expressed in neonatal skin fibroblasts prepared from wild-type mice to a similar degree, and the AT1a receptor was exclusively expressed as opposed to the AT1b receptor. In wild-type fibroblasts, Ang II increased collagen synthesis accompanied by an increase in expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and these increases were inhibited by valsartan, an AT1 receptor blocker, but augmented by PD123319, an AT2 receptor antagonist. Ang II decreased basal and IGF-I-induced collagen production and inhibited TIMP-1 expression in neonatal skin fibroblasts prepared from AT1a knockout (KO) mice. These Ang II-mediated inhibitory effects on collagen production and TIMP-1 expression observed in AT1a KO fibroblasts were attenuated by the addition of PD123319 or a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate, but not affected by a serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. Moreover, we demonstrated that transfection of a catalytically inactive, dominant negative SHP-1 (Src homology 2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1) mutant inhibited the Ang II-mediated inhibitory effect on both collagen synthesis and TIMP-1 expression in AT1a KO fibroblasts. These results suggest that AT1a receptor stimulation increases collagen production in skin fibroblasts at least in part due to the inhibition of collagen degradation via the increase in TIMP-1 expression, whereas AT2 receptor stimulation exerts inhibitory effects on TIMP-1 expression, which is mediated at least partially by the activation of SHP-1, thereby possibly inhibiting collagen production.
Attenuating effect of mexiletine hydrochloride on herpetic pain in mice infected with herpes simplex virus
Authors: Asano Kazuhito , Sameshima Tatsuo , Shirasawa Hiroshi , Hisamitsu Tadashi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The influence of mexiletine hydrochloride on herpes-related pain responses was examined using mice infected with herpes virus. BALB/c mice were inoculated with herpes simplex virus (HSV; 1 times 106 plaque-forming units) on the right hind paw, and the contralateral hind paw was without inoculation. The changes in nociceptive threshold were examined using electric von fray meter. BALB/c mice inoculated with HSV showed a decrease in nociceptive threshold. Intraperitoneal administration of mexiletine prevented the decrease in nociceptive threshold dose-dependently in HSV-inoculated mice, which was firstly observed at a dose of 15.0 mg kg−1, and peaked at doses more than 17.5 mg kg−1. This antinociceptive effect of mexiletine attained peaks at 60–90 min after administration and declined gradually to non-treated levels by 150 min. Intraperitoneal administration of mexiletine at a dose of 17.5 mg kg−1 (but not 10.0 mg kg−1) caused significant increase in β-endorphin levels in the mid brain and hypothalamus of HSV-inoculated mice. However, mexiletine scarcely affected noradrenaline (norepinephrine) levels in the pons and medulla oblongata, even when HSV-inoculated mice were treated with 17.5 mg kg−1 mexiletine. These results strongly suggested that mexiletine exerts antinociceptive effects on herpes-related pain through enhancement of β-endorphin levels in the central nervous system in HSV-inoculated mice. It is also suggested that mexiletine will be a good candidate for an antinociceptive drug in the treatment of acute herpetic pain in man.
Synthesis and biological activity of pyridinium-type acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Alptüzün Vildan , Kapková Petra , Baumann Knut , Erciyas Ercin , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A novel series of bispyridinium-type acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors derived from obidoxime, being active in the lower micromolar range, has been reported recently. According to the hypothesis that shorter pyridinium compounds should exhibit higher activity, a new series of compounds was synthesized that has 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl and phthalimidomethyl moieties, respectively, at one end of the molecule and that are systematically shortened from the contralateral end. The concentration inhibiting the AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by 50% (IC50) was evaluated by means of Ellman's test. Compounds characterized by a phenylpropyl residue at the contralateral end (3) were found to have IC50 values comparable with tacrine. In addition, the affinity of 3c toward the BChE was lower, indicating a lower degree of side effects.
Effects of L-carnitine treatment on oxidant/antioxidant state and vascular reactivity of streptozotocin-diabetic rat aorta
Authors: Irat Ali Murat , Aktan Fügen , Ozansoy Gülgün 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
In this study, the effects of L-carnitine treatment on lipids, lipid peroxidation of plasma, reactivity and antioxidant enzyme activity of aorta were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Treatment with L-carnitine (0.6 g kg−1 daily, i.p.) was started 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes and continued for 2 weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (45 mg kg−1, i.p.). Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels and blood glucose levels were significantly increased, although free carnitine levels were markedly decreased in diabetic rats. L-Carnitine treatment completely normalized plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, free carnitine and TBARS levels but partially restored blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. STZ-diabetes caused a significant reduction in the endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh). In diabetic aorta, TBARS levels and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly increased but glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was unchanged. Treatment of diabetic rats with L-carnitine resulted in partial restoration of the endothelium-dependent relaxation response to ACh and completely normalized the oxidant/antioxidant state. These results suggested that the beneficial effects of L-carnitine treatment partially improve vascular reactivity and antioxidant property beyond its reduction of plasma lipids and it may have an important therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluating the concentration of bee venom in rat plasma
Authors: Xing Liu , Liping Xie , Rongqing Zhang , Dawei Chen , Lan Shao 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A simple and reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to determine the concentration of bee venom in rat plasma. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation for the ELISA were less then 3% between 0.1 and 1000 ng mL−1 venom, and the sensitivity of the detection was 0.1 ng mL−1. Total recovery of the bee venom added to rat plasma was determined. Using this ELISA, serum levels of bee venom were easily determined. The rats were administered a single intravenous injection or oral dose of bee venom (1 mg kg−1 of body weight). The bioavailability of the bee venom under the two administrations was compared using pharmacokinetic parameters. Results showed that intravenous administration of bee venom produced high plasma concentrations with a short half-life. The area under the curve for oral administration was 10 times lower than for intravenous administration. This loss of bee venom may be due to the degradation that occurs in the enzymatic and acidic environment of the gastrointestinal tract.
ESR Detection of the Isotopic-site-preference in the Jahn–Teller Distorted Benzene Cation Radicals Produced in MCM-41, Silica Gel, and Halocarbons
Authors: Toriyama Kazumi , Okazaki Masaharu 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Isotopic-site-preference was detected in partially-deuterated benzene cation radicals, which were distorted by the Jahn–Teller effect to the D2h symmetry. In all cases, C–H bonds tend to occupy the positions with higher spin densities in the distorted cation.
Support Effect of Silica on Photocatalytic Degradation of Dibutyl Phthalate by TiO2 Nanoparticles in Water Containing Chloride Anion
Authors: Yoshida Hisao , Nishimoto Jun-ichi , Miyashita Yoshinori , Ooka Chihiro , Komai Shin-ichi , Satsuma Atsushi , Hattori Tadashi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Employing silica as a support of TiO2 reduced the inhibition effect of chloride anion on photocatalytic activity for degradation of dibutyl phthalate in water. This support effect was largely observed in the cases of silica having larger surface area and of smaller TiO2 particles.
Specific Binding of Vanadyl Ion (VO2+) with Thiolate of the Cysteine-34 Residue in Serum Albumin, Demonstrated by CD Spectroscopy and Kinetic Property
Authors: Yasui Hiroyuki , Kunori Yasuo , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Binding feature of the vanadyl ion (VO2+) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied with CD spectrometry based on comparisons with that of Cu2+. The strong positive CD band at 590 nm in the VO2+–albumin system was assigned to the binding of VO2+ and thiolate of Cys-34 in BSA.
Lewis Base-Catalyzed Mannich-type Reaction between Aldimine and Trimethylsilyl Enolate
Authors: Fujisawa Hidehiko , Takahashi Eiki , Nakagawa Takashi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Lithium benzamide- or potassium phthalimide-catalyzed Mannich-type reaction between trimethylsilyl enolates and aldimines proceeded smoothly in a DMF solvent to afford the corresponding β-amino esters in good to high yields.
Highly Efficient and Convenient Deprotection of Methoxymethyl Ethers and Esters Using Bismuth Triflate in an Aqueous Medium
Authors: Reddy S Venkat , Rao R Jagadeeshwar , Kumar U Sampath , Rao J Madhusudana 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
A simple and efficient method has been developed for the hydrolysis of methoxymethyl (MOM) ethers and esters to the corresponding alcohols and acids employing a catalytic amount of bismuth triflate in an aqueous medium. The conversions occur at ambient temperature and the yields of the deprotected alcohols are very good. The reaction was highly selective in the presence of other protecting groups such as TBDMS, TBDPS, benzyl, and allyl ethers.
Synthesis of a Reduced Tridecavanadate Dimer Linked by Eight Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Kurata Taisei , Hayashi Yoshihito , Uehara Akira , Isobe Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The reaction of highly condensed heptadecavanadate with labile metal compound gave the first reduced tridecavanadate with hydrogen bonds to make a novel dimeric structure: the protonated and reduced sites were unambiguously determined by X-ray analysis. The reduced tridecavanadate was not directly converted chemically or electrochemically into the oxidized form.
Reline Materials—Handle with Care?
Authors: Williams David R , Chacko David , Jagger Daryll C , Harrison Alan 
Published: October 2003

Introduction The fit of the denture base to the alveolar ridge progressively declines with alveolar ridge resorption. Once a denture becomes ill-fitting there are two main treatment options: to construct a new denture or to restore the fit of the existing denture. A denture may be relined as a laboratory procedure or at the chairside in the dental clinic. The chairside reline technique involves the direct application of auto-polymerising acrylic resin materials to the prepared denture base and the material is allowed to polymerise in the patient's mouth. The reline materials are generally supplied as a powder and a liquid. Clinicians and laboratory dental staff do not always follow manufacturers’ recommended guidelines and the tendency can be simply to add varying quantities of powder and liquid until the desired consistency is achieved. This method however may have deleterious effects on the properties of the resultant material. Materials and method The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of varying the powder/liquid ratio on some properties of three auto-polymerising acrylic resin reline materials. The properties investigated were the flow characteristics in terms of the manipulation and setting time and the hardness. Four powder and liquid ratios were chosen. Results and conclusions For all the materials studied, a clinically useful lengthening of the manipulation time can be achieved by increasing the amount of liquid added to the powder. However, this is perhaps offset by the fact that it is associated with a corresponding increase in the setting time and resultant increase in clinical chair-side time. There were significant differences in surface hardness when the powder/liquid ratio was altered.
Investigation of Genetic Alterations Associated With Interval Breast Cancer
Authors: Rodriguez Juan , Grassmann Felix , Xiao Qingyang , Eriksson Mikael , Mao Xinhe , Bajalica-Lagercrantz Svetlana , Hall Per , Czene Kamila 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceBreast cancers (BCs) diagnosed between 2 screening examinations are called interval cancers (ICs), and they have worse clinicopathological characteristics and poorer prognosis than screen-detected cancers (SDCs). However, the association of rare germline genetic variants with IC have not been studied.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether rare germline deleterious protein-truncating variants (PTVs) can be applied to discriminate between IC and SDC while considering mammographic density.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based genetic association study was based on women aged 40 to 76 years who were attending mammographic screening in Sweden. All women with a diagnosis of BC between January 2001 and January 2016 were included, together with age-matched controls. Patients with BC were followed up for survival until 2021. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2021 to December 2022.ExposureGermline PTVs in 34 BC susceptibility genes as analyzed by targeted sequencing.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOdds ratios (ORs) were used to compare IC with SDC using logistic regression. Hazard ratios were used to investigate BC-specific survival using Cox regression.ResultsAll 4121 patients with BC (IC, n = 1229; SDC, n = 2892) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 55.5 (7.1) years. There were 5631 age-matched controls. The PTVs of the ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and PALB2 genes were more common in patients with IC compared with SDC (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06-2.05). This association was primarily influenced by BRCA1/2 and PALB2 variants. A family history of BC together with PTVs of any of these genes synergistically increased the probability of receiving a diagnosis of IC rather than SDC (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.97-7.92). Furthermore, 10-year BC-specific survival revealed that if a patient received a diagnosis of an IC, carriers of PTVs in any of these 5 genes had significantly worse survival compared with patients not carrying any of them (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.06-3.92). All of these associations were further pronounced in a subset of patients with IC who had a low mammographic density at prior screening examination.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study may be helpful in future optimizations of screening programs that aim to lower mortality as well as the clinical treatment of patients with BC.