bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural characterization of the skin in the African straw‐coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum (Pteropodidae)
Authors: Peter‐Ajuzie Iheanyi Kemdirim , Chukwu Hannah Sarah , Igbokwe Casmir Onwuaso 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe African straw‐coloured fruit Bat, Eidolon helvum, is a Yinpterochiroptera bat that is of public health and ecological importance. This study investigated the light microscopic morphology, morphometry and histochemistry of the skin and its glands across the cheek, withers, croup, ventral abdomen, perianal region, wing membrane, intercrural membrane and foot pad of the species. Sweat glands were absent and hypodermis was observed only in the withers, croup and ventral abdomen. The croup had the highest density of hair follicles while the perianal region had the highest density of sebaceous gland acini. The thicknesses of the dermis and epidermis were significantly high in the withers and foot pad respectively. Hair follicles and sebaceous glands were absent in the wing membrane. The sebaceous glands had melanin pigmentation at the periphery and stained positive to Alcian Blue‐periodic acid Schiff at the withers and ventral abdomen. Epidermal and dermal thicknesses reported in this study were generally higher than those of Yangochiroptera bats and the presence of sebaceous glands and hair follicles in the wing membrane were variable in different bat species. This study has provided baseline information on the light microscopic morphology and morphometry of the skin and its glands across the various body regions in the African straw‐coloured fruit bat. This information would be helpful in the understanding, handling, skin disease treatment and management of the bat in captivity for biomedical research purposes.
Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis and comorbid allergies
Authors: Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Gooderham Melinda J. , Hartmann Karin , Konstantinou George N. , Fellmann Marc , Koulias Christopher , Clibborn Claire , Biswas Pinaki , Brunner Patrick M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbrocitinib efficacy by comorbidity status in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been previously assessed. This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in patients with AD and allergic comorbidities.MethodsData were pooled from patients who received abrocitinib 200 mg, 100 mg, or placebo in phase 2b (NCT02780167) and phase 3 (NCT03349060, NCT03575871) monotherapy trials. Patients with and without allergic comorbidities (allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or food allergy) were evaluated for Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) response (clear [0] or almost clear [1]), ≥75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI‐75), ≥4‐point improvement in Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP‐NRS4), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) response (<2 with baseline score ≥2). Other outcomes were Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (PSAAD), and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsOf 942 patients, 498 (53%) reported at least one allergic comorbidity (asthma only, 33%; conjunctivitis only or rhinitis only or both, 17%; food allergies only, 15%; >1 allergic comorbidity, 34%). Regardless of comorbidity status, from Week 2 to Week 12, higher percentages of patients treated with either abrocitinib dose achieved IGA 0/1, EASI‐75, PP‐NRS4, or DLQI 0/1 versus placebo‐treated patients. Changes from baseline in POEM, SCORAD, and PSAAD were greater with abrocitinib than with placebo in patients with and without allergic comorbidities. Most TEAEs were mild or moderate.ConclusionsEfficacy and safety data support abrocitinib use to manage AD in patients with or without allergic comorbidities.
Is SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced disease a decisive factor influencing testosterone in males? Findings from a case‐control ex post facto study
Authors: Capogrosso Paolo , Bertini Alessandro , Pontillo Marina , Ferrara Anna Maria , Cotelessa Alice , Carenzi Cristina , Ramirez Giuseppe A. , Tresoldi Cristina , Locatelli Massimo , Castagna Antonella , De Cobelli Francesco , Tresoldi Moreno , Zangrillo Alberto , Landoni Giovanni , Rovere‐Querini Patrizia , Ciceri Fabio , Montorsi Francesco , Monti Giacomo , Salonia Andrea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhether the observed lower total testosterone (tT) levels in male patients with COVID‐19 are caused by a direct impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or are collateral phenomena shared by other systemic inflammatory conditions has not yet been clarified.ObjectivesTo investigate the independent role of COVID‐19 in reducing circulating tT levels in men.Materials and methodsWe compared demographic, clinical, and hormonal values of patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 admitted during the first wave of the pandemic with a cohort of consecutive male patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the same academic center because of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and no previous history of COVID‐19. Linear regression model tested the independent impact of COVID‐19 on circulating tT levels. Logistic regression model was used to test predictors of death in the entire cohort.ResultsOf 286 patients with COVID‐19, 70 men had been admitted to the ICU ( = cases) and were compared to 79 patients equally admitted to ICU because of severe ARDS but negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and without previous history of COVID‐19 ( = controls). Controls were further grouped into noninfective (n = 49) and infective‐ARDS (n = 30) patients. At baseline, controls were older (p = 0.01) and had more comorbidities (p < 0.0001). Overall, cases admitted to ICU had significantly lower circulating tT levels compared to controls (0.9 nmol/L vs. 2.1 nmol/L; vs. 1.2 nmol/L; p = 0.03). At linear regression, being negative for COVID‐19 was associated with higher tT levels (Coeff: 2.13; 95% confidence interval ‐ CI 0.71‐3.56; p = 0.004) after adjusting for age, BMI, comorbidities and IL‐6 levels. Only age and IL‐6 levels emerged to be associated with higher risk of death regardless of COVID‐19 status.ConclusionsThis case‐control ex post facto study showed lower tT levels in men with COVID‐19 compared to those without COVID‐19 despite both groups have been equally admitted to ICU for severe ARDS, thus suggesting a possible direct impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection toward circulating tT levels and a consequent more severe clinical outcome.
Ophthalmic manifestations in children with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Öhnell Hanna Maria , Kjellström Ulrika , Eklund Erik , Pearsson Kevin , Bekassy Zivile , Gränse Lotta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeTo report on the ophthalmic findings in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in southern Sweden, and to investigate the frequency of refractive errors, strabismus and cerebral visual impairment associated with this condition.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study including all paediatric patients with TSC in southern Sweden born between 1983 and 2020. Medical records were reviewed regarding retinal findings, visual acuity, refractive error, strabismus, full‐field electroretinography results and cerebral visual impairment.ResultsOphthalmological records were available for 50 of the 52 children in the region diagnosed with TSC. The mean age at the last visit was 12.4 (SD 7.2) years. Monocular visual acuity had been measured in 38 patients, and the median value did not deviate from that expected for their age in the better eye, but by −0.2 Snellen decimal acuity in the worse eye. Refractive errors were found in 62% of the patients, and strabismus in 16%. Retinal astrocytic hamartomas were found in 34% and achromatic patches in 34%. Ten of the patients on medication with vigabatrin were examined with full‐field electroretinography and treatment had to be stopped or lowered in three (30%), due to a reduced response. Investigation of cerebral visual impairment had not been conducted in any of the children.ConclusionRefractive errors and strabismus were common among children with TSC. None of the patients in this cohort had undergone investigation for cerebral visual impairment. The general awareness of cerebral visual impairment among ophthalmologists is poor and constitutes an important area for improvement.
Editorial: Liver hypercortisolism as a potential target for MASH treatment—Authors' reply
Authors: Kim Yun , Hwang Inyoung , Lee Sang W. 
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kim et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17726andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17757
Relationship between prolonged gestation and nifedipine pharmacokinetics in long‐term tocolysis
Authors: Tamura Miho , Murata Susumu , Ota Chihiro , Tanaka Shoko , Arichika Hitomi , Hakuno Daiki , Okada Naoto , Ushijima Kentaro , Tsuji Yasuhiro , Kitahara Takashi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examined the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine and investigated the maternal and foetal background factors that prolong pregnancy in pregnant women undergoing long‐term tocolysis. This prospective observational study included 38 pregnant women hospitalised for threatened preterm labour and treated with nifedipine extended‐release tablets in combination with an intravenous ritodrine infusion. Maternal plasma nifedipine concentrations were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. All patients were administered 20 or 40 mg/dose of nifedipine every 6 h at the time of blood sampling. The plasma trough concentration (Ctrough) was 22.6 ± 17.3 ng/mL, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 30.9 ± 15.3 ng/mL and the time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.70 ± 1.10 h, as determined using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). The area under the curve for drug concentration (AUCtau) was 152.3 ± 91.8 mg/L・h, and oral clearance (CL/F) was 0.17 ± 0.08 L/h. Using logistic regression analyses, we identified the factors that predicted term delivery from 37 weeks to <42 weeks of gestation. Gestational age at admission and the AUCtau of nifedipine can predict term delivery. The AUCtau of nifedipine is a valuable regulatory predictor of term delivery in pregnant women undergoing long‐term tocolysis.
Maternal early pregnancy body mass index and bipolar disorder in the offspring
Authors: Beer Rachael J. , Cnattingius Sven , Susser Ezra S. , Wang Lu , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between maternal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring bipolar disorder (BPD).MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cohort study among 1,507,056 non‐malformed singleton live‐births in Sweden born 1983–2004. Using national registries with prospectively recorded information, we followed participants for a BPD diagnosis from ages 13 to up to 35 years. We compared BPD risks by early pregnancy BMI using hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from adjusted Cox models. We also conducted sibling‐controlled analyses among 874,047 full siblings.ResultsThere were 9970 BPD diagnoses. Risk of BPD was 0.72% through 25 years of age. Maternal early pregnancy BMI was positively associated with offspring BPD risk. Compared with normal BMI (18.5–24.9), adjusted HR (95% CI) for overweight (BMI 25–29.9), obesity grade 1 (BMI 30–34.9), and obesity grades 2–3 (BMI ≥35) were 1.08 (1.02, 1.15), 1.26 (1.14, 1.40), and 1.31 (1.07, 1.60), respectively. Adjusted HR per unit BMI was 1.015 (95% CI 1.009, 1.021). A similar trend was observed among siblings. Pregnancy and neonatal complications did not substantially mediate the association between maternal obesity (BMI ≥30) and offspring BPD.ConclusionsMaternal BMI ≥25 is associated with offspring BPD risk in a dose–response manner.
Ropivacaine inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via the SNX10/SRC/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Deng Rong‐rong , Yuan You‐ping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGastric cancer currently has no effective treatment due to its high metastasis and heterogeneity. It has been reported that ropivacaine (Rop) can inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer. However, the therapeutic mechanism of Rop still needs to be further explored to provide insights for its clinical application. This study aimed to explore the effects of Rop on the growth, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of SNX10 were assessed in gastric cancer tissues and cell line AGS by qRT‐PCR. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, wound‐healing assay, and transwell assay were then used to examine the effects of Rop on the AGS cell viability, migration, invasion, and proliferation, respectively. Additionally, colony formation assay was used to measure cell proliferation ability, and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis level. Protein levels of SNX10, SRC, and STAT3 were detected by western blot. According to the experimental results, the decreased SNX10 mRNA expression was observed in gastric cancer tissue and cell line AGS. Rop inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of AGS cells, but promoted apoptosis and upregulated SNX10 expression. Moreover, Rop inhibited the expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, phosphorylation of SRC and STAT3. SNX10 knockdown could reverse Rop‐induced anticancer effects. Collectively, Rop showed a potential role in preventing proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer. The action mechanism of Rop may be related to the upregulation of SNX10 expression and further inhibition of SRC/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the anticancer properties of Rop.
Cosmetovigilance for infrequent allergens in Spain using a national online registry: The example of allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenylethyl resorcinol
Authors: Mercader‐García Pedro , Gatica‐Ortega Maria Elena , González‐Pérez Ricardo , Pastor‐Nieto María Antonia , Carrillo Andrés , Borrego Leopoldo ,   the REIDAC
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring of adverse events induced by cosmetics performed by health authorities, known as cosmetovigilance, has been relied on the collection of case notifications.ObjectivesWe aimed to show how a contact dermatitis registry can contribute to the cosmetovigilance of emerging allergens. We used the example of phenylethyl resorcinol, an infrequent allergen with only 6 previous cases reported in Europe and Japan since 2013.MethodsA systematic search in the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC) database was performed to identify patients with positive patch test to phenylethyl resorcinol or cosmetics that contains it between June 2018 and January 2023. We collected the main clinical features of these patients and compared them with those of patients recorded in the registry with similar epidemiological features.ResultsThirteen patients with positive patch test to phenylethyl resorcinol were identified. All the patients were women with a mean age of 42 years (range 32–59) and their lesions were mainly in the face.ConclusionAssessing the importance of infrequent allergens based solely on a case series is difficult. Multicentre registries facilitate the collection of cases and provide appropriate background information for new allergens.
A cloudy forecast for species distribution models: Predictive uncertainties abound for California birds after a century of climate and land‐use change
Authors: Clare John D. J. , de Valpine Perry , Moanga Diana A. , Tingley Morgan W. , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCorrelative species distribution models are widely used to quantify past shifts in ranges or communities, and to predict future outcomes under ongoing global change. Practitioners confront a wide range of potentially plausible models for ecological dynamics, but most specific applications only consider a narrow set. Here, we clarify that certain model structures can embed restrictive assumptions about key sources of forecast uncertainty into an analysis. To evaluate forecast uncertainties and our ability to explain community change, we fit and compared 39 candidate multi‐ or joint species occupancy models to avian incidence data collected at 320 sites across California during the early 20th century and resurveyed a century later. We found massive (>20,000 LOOIC) differences in within‐time information criterion across models. Poorer fitting models omitting multivariate random effects predicted less variation in species richness changes and smaller contemporary communities, with considerable variation in predicted spatial patterns in richness changes across models. The top models suggested avian environmental associations changed across time, contemporary avian occupancy was influenced by previous site‐specific occupancy states, and that both latent site variables and species associations with these variables also varied over time. Collectively, our results recapitulate that simplified model assumptions not only impact predictive fit but may mask important sources of forecast uncertainty and mischaracterize the current state of system understanding when seeking to describe or project community responses to global change. We recommend that researchers seeking to make long‐term forecasts prioritize characterizing forecast uncertainty over seeking to present a single best guess. To do so reliably, we urge practitioners to employ models capable of characterizing the key sources of forecast uncertainty, where predictors, parameters and random effects may vary over time or further interact with previous occurrence states.
Temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake in northern high latitudes during the past four decades
Authors: Zhu Dan , Wang Yilong , Ciais Philippe , Chevallier Frédéric , Peng Shushi , Zhang Yao , Wang Xuhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the northern high latitudes, warmer spring temperatures generally lead to earlier leaf onsets, higher vegetation production, and enhanced spring carbon uptake. Yet, whether this positive linkage has diminished under climate change remains debated. Here, we used atmospheric CO2 measurements at Barrow (Alaska) during 1979–2020 to investigate the strength of temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake reflected by two indicators, spring zero‐crossing date (SZC) and CO2 drawdown (SCC). We found a fall and rise in the interannual correlation of temperature with SZC and SCC (RSZC‐T and RSCC‐T), showing a recent reversal of the previously reported weakening trend of RSZC‐T and RSCC‐T. We used a terrestrial biosphere model coupled with an atmospheric transport model to reproduce this fall and rise phenomenon and conducted factorial simulations to explore its potential causes. We found that a strong–weak–strong spatial synchrony of spring temperature anomalies per se has contributed to the fall and rise trend in RSZC‐T and RSCC‐T, despite an overall unbroken temperature control on net ecosystem CO2 fluxes at local scale. Our results provide an alternative explanation for the apparent drop of RSZC‐T and RSCC‐T during the late 1990s and 2000s, and suggest a continued positive linkage between spring carbon uptake and temperature during the past four decades. We thus caution the interpretation of apparent climate sensitivities of carbon cycle retrieved from spatially aggregated signals.
Within‐ and transgenerational stress legacy effects of ocean acidification on red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) growth and survival
Authors: Neylan Isabelle P. , Swezey Daniel S. , Boles Sara E. , Gross Jackson A. , Sih Andrew , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms by which individual organisms respond and populations adapt to global climate change is a critical challenge. The role of plasticity and acclimation, within and across generations, may be essential given the pace of change. We investigated plasticity across generations and life stages in response to ocean acidification (OA), which poses a growing threat to both wild populations and the sustainable aquaculture of shellfish. Most studies of OA on shellfish focus on acute effects, and less is known regarding the longer term carryover effects that may manifest within or across generations. We assessed these longer term effects in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) using a multi‐generational split‐brood experiment. We spawned adults raised in ambient conditions to create offspring that we then exposed to high pCO2 (1180 μatm; simulating OA) or low pCO2 (450 μatm; control or ambient conditions) during the first 3 months of life. We then allowed these animals to reach maturity in ambient common garden conditions for 4 years before returning the adults into high or low pCO2 treatments for 11 months and measuring growth and reproductive potential. Early‐life exposure to OA in the F1 generation decreased adult growth rate even after 5 years especially when abalone were re‐exposed to OA as adults. Adult but not early‐life exposure to OA negatively impacted fecundity. We then exposed the F2 offspring to high or low pCO2 treatments for the first 3 months of life in a fully factorial, split‐brood design. We found negative transgenerational effects of parental OA exposure on survival and growth of F2 offspring, in addition to significant direct effects of OA on F2 survival. These results show that the negative impacts of OA can last within and across generations, but that buffering against OA conditions at critical life‐history windows can mitigate these effects.
Amplifying the voices of Black racial minorities in mental health research through public involvement and engagement: The importance of advisory roles
Authors: Onwumere Juliana , Gentle Anthony , Obanubi Rachel , Davis Annette , Karuga Moffat , Ali Rubbia ,   BeFine Study Team, Cardi Valentina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionEnsuring adequate representation and the active, meaningful and visible involvement of groups likely to be most impacted by research findings and/or the lack of research inquiry are increasingly acknowledged. This is particularly relevant for Black racially minoritised groups who are less visible as research participants and in patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) roles. Our viewpoint article sought to discuss reflections and insights on their involvement experience, with particular attention to perceived barriers and enablers to PPIE involvement.MethodsQualitative data were collected as part of facilitated group discussions from nine Black racially minoritised experts‐by‐experience involved in a PPIE advisory group. Data were subjected to thematic analysis to identify key themes.ResultsFive main themes were identified that reflected factors linked to practicalities: role unfamiliarity, benefits for the larger community, acknowledgement of previous harm and mental health stigma.ConclusionGiven the existence and importance of the direct links between research and service and treatment innovations in health and social care, ensuring that those from underrepresented Black racial communities are meaningfully and equitably supported to have roles in advising and influencing research programmes should be prioritised and an ongoing consideration for different stakeholders, including research funders, researchers, healthcare providers and community leaders/representatives.Patient or Public ContributionThis viewpoint article is a collaboration between lived experience stakeholders and researchers, comprising conceiving the original idea for the paper, its conceptualisation and data generation and the coproduction including editing of the manuscript.