bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation statistics estimated from radar measurements in MEO satellite communication systems for mobile terminals
Authors: Matricciani Emilio , Selva Simone P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBased on experimental data, we have reported a method to scale the cumulative time, TF,T(A), a given attenuation, A (dB), is exceeded in a MEO satellite system in fixed terminals, to the time, TM,T(A), A is exceeded in mobile terminals. Zigzag routes and ring roads simulated city patterns; straight routes simulated freeways. In all cases, TM,T(A) can be expressed as TM,T(A)=ξTF,T(A) with a probability scaling factor ξ independent of A. Although the satellite systems have been simulated at 19.77 GHz, the results concerning ξ can be considered frequency‐independent. We have used a very large number of rain‐rate maps of storms randomly observed in 1991–1992 by a meteorological radar in Northern Italy. The speed of vehicles was modelled as a lognormal random variable. We found: (a) in zigzag routes TM,T(A)<TF,T(A), i.e. ξ<1, with results depending on vehicle speed modelling and starting conditions; (b) in ring roads there is no difference between fixed and mobile systems (ξ≈1); (c) in straight freeways TM,T(A)≪TF,T(A) (ξ≪1) and TM,T(A) can change significantly in different straight lines and in opposite directions (anisotropy and asymmetry) for medium–large attenuation. When compared with zigzag routes or ring roads, the performance in straight freeways is the most optimistic. The numerical values of ξ applicable to a MEO satellite system are not significantly different from those applicable to a GEO satellite system working in the same conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent learning environment for acquiring knowledge application ability
Authors: Takeuchi Akira , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Fujita Tomoyuki , Ishibashi Kazuko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes an architecture of intelligent learning environments that aims at assisting students in acquiring the ability to apply physical laws to complex systems. This paper also presents its application to a spring‐system learning environment. The learning process in the architecture consists of three steps: to interpret data collected by experiment, to predict results of experiment, and to verify the prediction by experiment. If a student encounters difficulties, the intelligent learning environment provides assistance such as prompting to collect additional data that are useful for interpretation, or providing a new physical system that is suitable for the student's state of understanding. To realize such tailored assistance for each individual student, we need a method to model a student's ability to apply rules. This paper proposes a new student model represented by a multidimensional space. Axes of the space correspond to measures of generality of a subject domain. We implemented an intelligent learning environment called “SpringMaster” to validate the proposed architecture. The result of its evaluation shows that students who learned by SpringMaster had better understanding than students who learned by real instruments. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(8): 1–9, 2001
Development of a support system for hepatectomies and reconstruction of 3D intuitive images visualizing external shapes and internal structures and locations
Authors: Takahashi Shuichi , Uchiyama Akihiko , Suzuki Naoki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA support system for hepatectomies enabling quantitative analyses of three‐dimensional distances between parts or volumes of parts in an operation area to facilitate intuitive understanding of the locational relationships and three‐dimensional structures inside and outside the operated area has been developed. First, imaging and measuring of the three‐dimensional internal structures of the operation area have been performed using ultrasound measuring equipment. A three‐dimensional sensor is installed on the ultrasonic wave probe to obtain three‐dimensional locational information of tomographic images. The tomographic images are rearranged three‐dimensionally in the data space, sampling is performed three‐dimensionally, and three‐dimensional images are reconstructed as voxel data. In addition, the three‐dimensional shape of the operating area surface is image‐measured and three‐dimensional images are reconstructed as polygon data. Three‐dimensional images of the internal structures and three‐dimensional images of the surface shape are collocated three‐dimensionally by superposing the coordinate systems of the two systems on the data space three‐dimensionally, using measurement data of the two measurement systems with respect to established reference points. The internal structures are displayed three‐dimensionally using the volume rendering method and the surface shape is three‐dimensionally displayed by being superimposed on the image plane using the surface rendering method, so that the internal structures and the surface shape of the operated area can be simultaneously observed intuitively as well as quantitatively. Experimental results obtained by this system, using agar phantoms and isolated pig liver, are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(6): 73–82, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1134
Development of virtual learning environment for discovery learning in school education
Authors: Matsubara Yukihiro , Tominaga Hiroyuki , Furukawa Zengo , Yamasaki Toshinori , Nagamachi Mitsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper focuses on learning which emphasizes experience among discovery learning schemes. Knowledge gained by experience is clearly stable compared with learning acquired by simple symbol manipulations. Thus, realizing a learning environment supporting discovery learning using virtual reality (VR) technology is attempted. The VR technology has many characteristic functions and can provide an interactive learning environment with a high degree of freedom which is required in supporting discovery learning which relies on experience. In this paper, considering applications to curriculum education, in which discovery learning is performed frequently, a framework of a virtual learning environment (VLE), which is a learning environment, integrating the functions of a VR environment and an ITS environment is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(7): 61–72, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1142
Neurobiological Correlates of the Unlocking of the Unconscious
Authors: Gaillard Jean‐Michel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, the author has examined the relationships between the “central dynamic sequence” discovered by Davanloo and the activation of specific neuronal systems in the brain. The participation of defined brain areas is postulated in the clinical expression of “superego pathology”. A hypothesis regarding the involvement of subcortical structures in the central neurotic mechanism is proposed. According to this view, human neurosis results from a functional disorder of the brain which can be corrected by the specific interventions of the “system for short‐term dynamic psychotherapy” discovered by Davanloo. Copyright © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct imaging of plasma‐polymerized chemical micropatterns
Authors: Bullett N. A. , Short R. D. , O'Leary T. , Beck A. J. , Douglas C. W. I. , Cambray‐Deakin M. , Fletcher I. W. , Roberts A. , Blomfield C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBoth XPS and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) imaging have been used to characterize chemically micropatterned surfaces formed by plasma polymerization, using a copper transmission electron microscope grid as a mask. Micropatterns of spatially distinct regions of fluorine, carboxylic acid and hydrocarbon functionalities have been imaged by ToF‐SIMS, whereas imaging XPS has demonstrated the ability to produce patterns of nitrogen‐containing functionalities. Features as small as 50μm bars and 75μm ‘islands’ have been imaged. The utility of these chemically defined patterns has been demonstrated by the spatial binding of protein and by the attachment of cerebellar granule neurons. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercomparison of methods for separation of REELS elastic peak intensities for determination of IMFP
Authors: Tougaard S. , Krawczyk M. , Jablonski A. , Pavluch J. , Toth J. , Varga D. , Gergely G. , Menyhard M. , Sulyok A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe consistency and accuracy of inelastic electron mean free paths (IMFPs) determined from comparison of the intensity of elastically reflected electrons with theoretical calculations were studied. The variation with experimental geometry, spectrometer energy resolution and the procedure for background subtraction was studied. Four different types of spectrometers— double pass cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) pre‐retarded CMA, hemispherical analyser (HSA) and retarding field analyser (RFA)— with widely different geometries and energy resolutions, placed in four different laboratories in three countries, were used. Four background subtraction methods (Shirley, linear, Tougaard and ELPSEP) were applied to isolate the elastic peak intensity from the reflected electron spectra. It was found that the IMFPs determined with data from the double pass CMA deviated considerably more (by a factor of 2) from the average values as well as from theoretical IMFP values than IMFPs determined with data from the other spectrometers. The data from the double pass CMA were therefore excluded from the statistical analysis. The root mean square (RMS) deviation of the IMFP from a function fitted to the data was 1.6–2.8 Å, depending on the background subtraction method, and it is smallest for the Tougaard method. The RMS deviation from IMFP values calculated by Tanuma et al. is 2.1–3.2 Å, again with the smallest value for the Tougaard method. The percentage deviation of the results using a Tougaard background from Tanuma et al. values is 12.6%. The results point to the conclusion that the major contribution to the inaccuracies in IMFPs determined with this method is not the background subtraction procedure but rather the lack of accuracy of the presently available models for elastic electron scattering, i.e. atomic elastic scattering cross‐sections and effects of crystallinity that are not included in the presently applied models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample size calculations for the two‐sample problem using the multiplicative intensity model
Authors: Bernardo M. V. Patricia , Harrington David P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we propose formulae for calculating the expected number of events or, alternatively, the required trial duration, for clinical trials involving two treatment groups in which patients may potentially experience multiple events and the data will be analysed using a multiplicative intensity (MI) model. We use a partial likelihood‐based approach and examine in detail two MI models: one that includes a binary treatment variable as the only covariate and a three‐state Markov process model in which a binary time‐varying covariate is added to the previous model. For the simpler model, our formula coincides with those derived by Cook using full likelihood methods. We present applications of the derived formulae to chronic granulomatous disease and breast cancer data sets. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioural attitudes and the level of distress in the process of adaptation to the new society
Authors: Rotenberg Vadim S. , Kutsay Sergey , Venger Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere are no data of the relationships between the level of distress and the subject's behavioural attitudes. We have investigated these relationships on 201 subjects, 80 men and 121 women, after 5 years of emigration from the former USSR to Israel. The level of distress measured by using the Talbieh Brief Distress Inventory and behavioural attitudes estimated by using the test BASE were compared in subjects differing in their level of adaptation to the new society. Search Activity was higher in men than in women, in men it was almost twice as high as stereotyped behaviour, while in women both behavioural attitudes were almost equal. Subjects with different levels of distress do not differ significantly on behavioural attitudes. However, Search Activity in stressful conditions display a tendency to be more flexible in men than in women. Stereotyped behaviour under stressful conditions displays a general tendency to be low. In the absence of stress a tendency toward the stereotyped activity tends to dominate in women, while in the presence of stress they demonstrate a tendency toward the relative increase of panic and passive behaviour. The role of gender in behavioural attitudes in normal and stressful conditions is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved method of selecting regression tests for C++ programs
Authors: Jang Y. K. , Munro M. , Kwon Y. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes an impact analysis technique that identifies which parts should be retested after a system written in C++ is modified. We are interested in identifying the impacts of changes at the class member level by using dependency relations between class members. We try to find out which member functions need unit‐level retesting and which interactions between them need integration‐level retesting. To get precise analysis results, we adopt a technique that classifies types of changes and analyze the impact for each type. Primitive changes, changes which are associated with C++ features, are first defined and their ripple effects are computed in order to construct a firewall for each type of change systematically. We have applied our prototype tool to a real system with small size. This case study shows some evidence that our approach gives reasonable efficiency and precision as well as being practical for analyzing change impacts of C++ programs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertex‐labeling algorithms for the Hilbert spacefilling curve
Authors: Bartholdi John J. , Goldsman Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a method, based on vertex‐labeling, to generate algorithms for manipulating the Hilbert spacefilling curve. The method leads to algorithms for: computing the image of a point in R1; computing a pre‐image of a point in R2; drawing a finite approximation of the curve; finding neighbor cells in a decomposition ordered according to the curve.The method is straightforward and flexible, resulting in short, intuitive procedures that are as efficient as specialized procedures found in the literature. Moreover, the same method can be applied to many other spacefilling curves. We demonstrate vertex‐labeling algorithms for the Sierpinski and Peano spacefilling curves, and variations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing Java server availability with JAS
Authors: Klemm Reinhard , Singh Navjot 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Java programming language is increasingly used in the implementation of servers with stringent availability, reliability, and performance requirements. Our Java Application Supervisor (JAS) software system is an attachment to a Java runtime environment that enhances the availability of a target Java program. To this end, JAS automatically detects and resolves certain reliability and performance problems during the execution of the target program. JAS does not require any source or byte code modifications in the target program. Instead, JAS is configured for a target program by supplying simple policies that determine how JAS reacts to problems during the target program execution. JAS typically imposes little execution time and memory overhead on the target program. We describe an experiment with a Web proxy that exhibits reliability and performance problems under heavy load. In this experiment, running the proxy in conjunction with JAS increased the rate of successful requests to the proxy by 33% and decreased the averagerequest processing time by 22%. JAS was also used successfully in two Java servers at Bell Labs to monitor server reliability and performance and ensure long‐term availability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study using lightweight formalism to review an information system specification
Authors: Polack Fiona 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an approach using derivation of a formal model to review the diagram‐and‐text specification of an information system specification, based on concepts from the formal and structured integrated method, SAZ. Extraction of the formal model is outlined, and the approach is illustrated with a simplified extract from an industrial trial. Some empirical findings from the trial, which reviewed a pre‐existing commercial specification, are presented, and the general applicability of the review approach is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating CMM‐based improvement programs: the accelerator model and method with experiences
Authors: Isacsson Peter , Pedersen Gunnar , Bang Stig 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNever before have there been so many organizations working with process improvement as today. These organizations have higher demands on the improvement concepts that they adopt from research and consulting than the ‘pioneer’ organizations had. Concepts must have a track‐record of proven success in other organizations and they should be directly transferable and adoptable. This requires packaged knowledge, ready to use and including a suitable level of support. This paper describes such packaged knowledge on how to run improvement programs and the experiences from applying it in real industrial software development organizations. This paper describes a model and method for how an organization can introduce and implement a successful improvement program. The model, named the Accelerator model, points out key activities necessary for leading an improvement program and gives recommendations on how to implement those activities based on experience and best practice. This paper also describes a method for how to apply the model to accelerate an improvement program, and finally presents real experiences from the full‐scale implementation at two of Ericsson's software design centres, one in Norway and one in Denmark. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Flexibility metaphors
Authors: Sushil  
Published: August 2002

AbstractFlexibility at various levels of management is desirable to manage organizational change effectively. Flexibility is a multidimensional concept and might have multiple connotations. Some of the significant connotations of flexibility have been explained in this paper with the help of suitable metaphors so as to gain better understanding of the characteristics of flexibility for effective change management. Each connotation is also represented by a sketch to illusirate the metaphor. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An axiological systems theory: some basic hypotheses
Authors: Parra‐Luna Francisco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSocial systems, from global societies to small organizations, are made up of human beings. Acknowledgement of this fact has important epistemological implications, since, contrary to some theoretical formulations e.g., the ‘society without men’ of N. Luhmann, only by regarding human beings as the crucial element of any type of society is it possible to perceive their needs and therefore the values supposedly intended to satisfy them. The ‘need/value’ binomial thereby becomes the essential prime material of sociological analysis. Both NEEDS as a factor of motivation and VALUES as a factor of satisfaction can be operationalized and quantified to depict the principal achievements of complex social organizations, their deviation from predetermined standards and the extent to which they ultimately adapt to the environment. Standardized and therefore comparable axiological profiles comprise a tool that can be generally applied to establish a preliminary measure of the degree of overall organizational efficiency. The concept of organization is taken here in its broader sense and is appilcable to any type of society organized so as to achieve certain goals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What every surgical oncologist should know about digital mammography
Authors: Pisano Etta D. , Kuzmiak Cherie , Koomen Marcia , Cance William 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article reviews the available information on digital mammography for surgeons who care for patients with breast cancer. The limitations of the current film‐based technology and why digital mammography promises to improve breast cancer detection and breast lesion diagnosis are described. The basics of digital imaging technology are reviewed, including a description of image contrast and spatial resolution and its variance from currently available clinical digital mammography systems. The results of clinical trials completed to date are reported. An upcoming large screening trial for digital mammography, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, is described. Future technological developments, including improvements in softcopy display, image processing, computer‐aided detection and diagnosis (CADD), tomosynthesis, and digital subtraction mammography (DSM), are briefly discussed. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 20:181–186, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statechart testing method for aircraft control systems
Authors: Bogdanov K. , Holcombe M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA number of current control systems for aircraft have been specified with statecharts. The risk of failures requires the use of a formal testing approach to ensure that all possible faults are considered. However, testing the compliance of an implementation of a system to its specification is dependent on the specification method and little work has been reported relating to the use of statechart‐specific methods. This paper describes a modification of a formal testing method for extended finite‐state machines to handle the above problem. The method allows one to demonstrate correct behaviour of an implementation of some system, with respect to its specification, provided certain specific requirements for both of them are satisfied. The case study illustrates these and shows the applicability of the method. By considering the process used to develop the system it is possible to reduce the size of the test set dramatically; the method to be described is easy to automate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information agents on the move
Authors: Schroeder Michael , Gomoluch Jacek 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInformation agents process and integrate heterogeneous, distributed information. To achieve this task efficiently, some researchers promote the idea of mobile information agents that migrate between a user's host and other hosts in the network. JACEK GOMOLUCH and MICHAEL SCHROEDER outline the concepts behind mobile information agents and give a survey on load balancing, which aims to optimise distributed information processing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrusion Detection Systems: Problems and Opportunities
Authors: Bruen Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntrusion detection systems (IDS) are gaining more attention in the popular press due to the increased attention given to virus and worm attacks that affect a large part of the Internet. Yet, the number of books and papers written about IDS is very small compared to the security, cryptology and hacker books. ROBERT BRUEN attempts to provide a background and one approach to IDS that goes full circle. He does not address policy, nor is this paper a product review. Most of the software mentioned is free and is provided as examples of a particular concept. Naturally there are many good commercial products available. While the field of IDS has been around for several decades, there is still much room for growth. This is not intended as a criticism of researchers or vendors, only an acknowledgment of the difficulties involved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.