bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akt activity in presenilin 1 wild‐type and mutation transfected human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after serum deprivation and high glucose stress
Authors: Vestling Monika , Wiehager Birgitta , Tanii Hisashi , Cowburn Richard F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe majority of early‐onset familial Alzheimer disease cases are caused by mutations in the genes encoding presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Presenilin mutations have been hypothesised to cause Alzheimer disease either by altering amyloid precursor protein metabolism or by increasing the vulnerability of neurons to undergo death by apoptosis. We showed previously that PS1 exon 9 deletion (PS1 ΔE9) and L250S mutations predispose SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to high glucose stress‐induced apoptosis and that the anti‐apoptotic effect of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) is compromised by these mutations. The present study investigates whether the susceptibility of PS1 mutation transfected SH‐SY5Y cells to undergo apoptosis is likely due to a downregulation of Akt/protein kinase B (Akt), a key intermediate in the phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)‐kinase arm of the IGF‐I signaling pathway. We used two methods to determine the regulation of Akt in response to the pro‐apoptotic stimuli of serum deprivation and high glucose stress, as well as treatment with IGF‐I. We also looked at the phosphorylatiom state of GSK‐3β at Ser9. Using a kinase assay with immunoprecipitated Akt, we detected an increased Akt activity in PS1 L250S cells at 1 hr after the combination of 20 mM glucose plus 10 nM IGF‐I, when compared to the other cell types. This effect, however, was transient in that no mutation related differences were seen at either 6‐ or 24‐hr post‐treatment. Immunoblotting for Phospho‐Akt as a ratio of total Akt, as well as for GSK‐3β phosphorylated at Ser9 revealed no apparent between cell type and treatment differences. This data strongly indicates that PS1 wt and mutant cells show no major differences in the pattern of Akt regulation after exposure to the pro‐apoptotic stimuli of either serum deprivation or high glucose stress, or treatment with IGF‐I. It is suggested that another component of IGF‐I signaling is likely disrupted in these cells to increase their vulnerability to undergo death by apoptosis. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:448–456, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bergmann glial cells form distinct morphological structures to interact with cerebellar neurons
Authors: Grosche Jens , Kettenmann Helmut , Reichenbach Andreas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well established that Bergmann glial cells closely interact with neuronal elements in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. We reconstructed dye‐labeled Bergmann glial cells from electron microscopic serial sections and identified their contact sites with neurons as “glial microdomains“ (Grosche et al. [1999] Nature Neurosci. 2:139–143). In the present paper we describe these structures in more detail, and show that 1) immature Bergmann fibers up to postnatal day 7 are smooth and lack appendages but contain several large mitochondria at sites where the first indications of growing side branches are observed; 2) Bergmann fibers from cerebella at postnatal day 30 form two types of outgrowths, short simple thorns and longer complex appendages; 3) each of the latter (i.e., a glial microdomain) is in contact with only a few synapses and nonsynaptic neuronal excrescences; 4) every given region of the neuropil is occupied by (at least) two interdigitating glial microdomains; 5) the synaptic clefts are entirely surrounded by glial protrusions, whereas the extrasynaptic surfaces and small axons are only partially covered; and 6) many small neuronal excrescenses without vesicles are completely ensheathed by glial caps, representing novel glial‐neuronal structures of unknown function (glial thimbles). Computational modelling of the microdomains indicates that each is electrotonically independent of the stem process from which it arises, as well as of neighbouring domains. We assume that the glial microdomain is a morphological unit to compartimentalize ensembles of synapses, serving to synchronize local synaptic activity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gap junctional communication and connexin expression in cultured olfactory ensheathing cells
Authors: Barnett Susan C. , Thompson Russell J. , Lakatos Andras , Pitts John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) is a unique glial cell able to support neurite outgrowth in the CNS throughout life. The OEC has been described as having both Schwann cell‐like and astrocyte‐like characteristics. The purpose of this study was to compare gap junctional communication and connexin (Cx) expression in cultured olfactory ensheathing cells with both astrocytes and Schwann cells to establish which of these two cells types they most closely resemble. We examined the Cx mRNA profile of OECs, astrocytes, and Schwann cells using primers to Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, Cx43, Cx46, and Cx50. All connexins tested except Cx50 were expressed by all three cell types when initially cultured. However, we observed differences in the levels of expression of Cx32 and Cx26 between astrocytes, Schwann cells, and OECs that became pronounced with time. All three cell types show limited and variable gap junctional communication in culture as assessed by the transfer of microinjected Lucifer yellow. OECs had limited coupling compared with Schwann cells and astrocytes, although the extent of the dye spread through OECs was more comparable to that seen with Schwann cells than astrocytes. Thus, OECs display a profile of Cx expression that more closely resembles the Cx expression of Schwann cells rather than astrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:520–528, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of organic‐walled dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from transects across the Polar Front offshore southeast Greenland
Authors: Boessenkool Karin P. , Van Gelder Marie‐josé , Brinkhuis Henk , Troelstra Simon R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Polar Front along the southeast Greenland Margin denotes the contrasting hydrographic properties of the polar and Atlantic water masses on either side. The remains of planktonic organisms in underlying sediments are expected to reflect these contrasts. To test this, we quantitatively analysed the organic‐walled dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblages in surface sediments from transects across the present‐day Polar Front on the southeast Greenland Margin.Proportional differences are found between the composition of the dinocyst assemblages on either side of the Polar Front. The influence of polar water can be traced in the dinocyst record as high abundances of Algidasphaeridium? minutum and the presence of Pentapharsodinium dalei. The influence of Atlantic water is reflected in the presence of Operculodinium centrocarpum and Selenopemphix quanta. All samples include taxa from both environments, but the quantitative composition of the cyst assemblages clearly reflects the hydrographic features of the overlying surface water masses. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ft‐SERS studies on 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione, 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole and 2‐thiouracil adsorbed on chemically deposited silver films
Authors: Joy V. T. , Srinivasan T. K. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdsorption of 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione (ttz), 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (dmtd) and 2‐thiouracil on a silver surface was studied by the FT‐SERS technique. The FT‐SERS spectra of all these molecules indicate dissociative adsorption on the silver surface to the corresponding thiolate ion. For ttz and 2‐thiouracil, the corresponding thiolate ions are found to adsorb to the surface through their sulfur atoms and have a perpendicular orientation on the silver surface. For dmtd, the results suggest that the dithiolate ion has two kinds of adsorption geometries depending on the concentration of the dmtd in solution. At low concentration the diothiolate ion probably adsorbs through the nitrogen atom whereas at high concentration the ion probably adsorbs through its π‐system Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of corn gluten meal
Authors: Wu Y Victor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCorn gluten meal with good emulsifying activity and emulsion stability may have potential in food uses. Commercial corn gluten meal from various producers had a pH around 4 and showed no emulsifying activity. Reducing the particle size to below 15 µm or increasing the pH to 6.6 (with particle size above 53 µm) did not improve the emulsifying activity. When the particle size was reduced to below 44 µm and the pH was adjusted to 6.6 or above, good emulsifying activity and good emulsion stability could be obtained. The emulsifying activities of corn gluten meals (<44 µm) from four different producers at around pH 8 ranged from 49.3 to 51.5 and the corresponding emulsion stabilities ranged from 39.7 to 49.5. There was no significant variation in emulsifying activity between pH 6.9 and 7.8 when NaOH, LiOH and KOH were used to adjust the pH, but LiOH‐ and KOH‐adjusted meal at around pH 7.8 showed better emulsion stability than NaOH‐adjusted meal. Good emulsifying activity of corn gluten meal could be obtained in NaCl solutions at sufficiently high pH. Published in 2001 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) toward the sulfate radical (SO4−)
Authors: George Ch. , Rassy H. El , Chovelon J.‐M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRate constants for a series of alcohols, ethers, and esters toward the sulfate radical (SO4−) have been directly determined using a laser photolysis set‐up in which the radical was produced by the photodissociation of peroxodisulfate anions. The sulfate radical concentration was monitored by following its optical absorption by means of time resolved spectroscopy techniques. At room temperature the following rate constants were derived: methanol ((1.6 ± 0.2) × 107 M−1 s−1); ethanol ((7.8 ± 1.2) × 107 M−1 s−1); tert‐butanol ((8.9 ± 0.3) × 105 M−1 s−1); diethyl ether ((1.8 ± 0.1) × 108 M−1 s−1); MTBE ((3.13 ± 0.02) × 107 M−1 s−1); tetrahydrofuran (THF) ((2.3 ± 0.2) × 108 M−1 s−1); hydrated formaldehyde ((1.4 ± 0.2) × 107 M−1 s−1); hydrated glyoxal ((2.4 ± 0.2) × 107 M−1 s−1); dimethyl malonate (CH3OC(O)CH2C(O)OCH3) ((1.28 ± 0.02) × 106 M−1 s−1); and dimethyl succinate (CH3OC(O)CH2CH2C(O)OCH3) ((1.37 ± 0.08) × 106 M−1 s−1) where the errors represent 2σ. For the two latter species, we also measured the temperature dependence of the corresponding rate constants. A correlation of these kinetics with the bond dissociation energy is also presented and discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 539–547, 2001
Bank robbery: the real losers in the 1998 Bangladesh flood
Authors: Chadwick M. T. , Soussan J. G. , Martin T. C. , Mallick D. , Alam S. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring July, August and September 1998, Bangladesh was subjected to the most extensive flood in living memory. At peak flood, approximately two‐thirds of the country was under water. The media showed submerged houses, drowned livestock, and women and children wading neck deep in water carrying water jars or food on their heads. Such images reinforce many people's perceptions of Bangladesh as a country incessantly subjected to devastating floods that destroy crops and cause untold misery to the nation's people. Yet, beyond this media‐generated view, there is a country where agricultural production is still the mainstay of the rural population's livelihood system. The nation's water resources, both above and below ground, provide a multitude of services to the population: water to drink and in which to bathe, fish to eat and water to irrigate crops. This paper outlines the local‐level research indicating that most rural Bangladeshis living on the central Bangladesh floodplain, view the annual monsoon flood season not as an inconvenience but as a necessity. It suggests that many people in the research areas recognize the benefits associated with extreme flood events. The 1998 flood provided plentiful amounts of fish, a staple diet and labouring work in the form of building up flood defences. It also flushed out stagnant water in ponds and pagars (open system ponds), and in time, led to a bumper harvest of rice. The research highlights the lives of those whose livelihoods are devastated by such events, describes the nature of the monsoon of 1998, analyses the effects on the community's livelihood systems and describes the nature of their coping strategies. It also suggests ways in which the government and aid agencies could better assist those whose livelihoods are most vulnerable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of portwine stain clearance and required number of flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser treatments
Authors: Koster Petra HL , van der Horst Chantal MAM , Bossuyt Patrick MM , van Gemert Martin JC 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objective:Portwine stain (PWS) response to flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser (FPPDL) treatment is variable and unpredictable. Our aim was to develop a model to predict treatment outcome and the required number of treatments.Study Design/Materials and Methods:We hypothesized that PWS clearance decreases exponentially with the number of treatments, as a consequence of the exponential decrease of laser light fluence in human skin. Of 70 patients with a PWS in the head/neck area, the color difference between normal skin and PWS was measured with a chromameter, prior to, and at several stages during FPPDL treatment. Through the obtained values of each of the four color parameters, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE, mono‐exponentially decreasing functions were fitted.Results:All four color parameters showed decreasing exponential functions, with decay rates that were not significantly different, and a mean R2 of 0.6, indicating a reliable fit‐quality.Conclusions:Our model suggests that individual prediction of treatment outcome and the required number of treatments is possible in an early stage of FPPDL treatment of PWS, in theory already after one single laser treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:151–155, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two consistently deleted regions within chromosome 1p32‐pter in human non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chizhikov Victor , Zborovskaya Irina , Laktionov Konstantin , Delektorskaya Vera , Polotskii Boris , Tatosyan Alexander , Gasparian Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAllelic losses at 1p32‐pter have been reported as frequent events in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To further characterize the region of deletions, we studied loss of heterozygosity on a panel of 102 microdissected NSCLC samples with 20 polymorphic markers spanning 1p32‐pter. Two shortest regions of the overlap of the deletions (SROs) were found: SRO 2a (D1S417–D1S57) and SRO 2b (D1S450–D1S243). Allelic losses at either region correlated independently with advanced stage of disease and with postoperative metastasis and relapse (P < 0.05), suggesting that crucial genes in these regions are involved in NSCLC progression. Mol. Carcinog. 30:151–158, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Business profitability versus social profitability: evaluating industries with externalities, the case of casinos
Authors: Grinols Earl L. , Mustard David B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCasino gambling is a social issue, because in addition to the direct benefits to those who own and use casinos, positive and negative externalities are reaped and borne by those who do not gamble. To correctly assess the total economic impact of casinos, one must distinguish between business profitability and social profitability. This paper provides the most comprehensive framework for addressing the theoretical cost–benefit issues of casinos by grounding cost–benefit analysis on household utility. It also discusses the current state of knowledge about the estimates of both the positive and negative externalities generated by casinos. Lastly, it corrects many prevalent errors in the debate over the economics of casino gambling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant and other biological activities of phenols from olives and olive oil
Authors: Visioli Francesco , Poli Andrea , Gall Claudio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOlive oil is the principal source of fats in the Mediterranean diet, which has been associated with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease and certain cancers. Phenolic compounds, e.g., hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, in extra‐virgin olive oil are responsible for its peculiar pungent taste and for its high stability. Recent findings demonstrate that olive oil phenolics are powerful antioxidants, both in vitro and in vivo, and possess other potent biological activities that could partially account for the observed healthful effects of the Mediterranean diet. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 1, 65–75, 2002
Time–frequency characteristics of single‐mode fiber dispersion
Authors: Ai‐Huang Guo , Jun‐Mei Fu , Eng‐Xin Fen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPulsed light through the different distance of a single‐mode fiber is calculated. The dispersion characteristics are analyzed by the time‐window, frequency‐window, and time–frequency planes of the Wigner–Vill distribution. Time–frequency analysis can provide more information about the dispersion and energy changes of pulsed light transmission. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 299–302, 2001.
Accurate analysis of waveguide junctions with rectangular coupling cavity
Authors: Chumachenko Vitaliy P. , Karaçuha Ertuğrul , Petrusenko Igor V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe domain‐product technique is applied to modeling of H‐ and E‐plane loaded waveguide junctions with a rectangular connecting cavity. A specific use of the edge condition accelerates the convergence of the solution. Very high efficiency of the technique is demonstrated by the example of the right‐angle bend. The approach is also suitable for T‐junctions and cross junctions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 305–308, 2001.
A new recursion method for fiber grating analysis
Authors: Wang Zi Hua , Peng Gang‐Ding , Ankiewicz Adrian , Chu Pak L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new recursion method for the analysis of fiber gratings has been derived. Bragg‐matched and detuned uniform gratings and nonuniform gratings have been analyzed by using this method. The results have been compared with that by using the coupled‐mode theory and other methods. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 308–313, 2001.
Properties of high‐εr microstrip lines
Authors: Crute John R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHigh‐dielectric‐constant (high‐εr) ceramic materials provide opportunities for developing ultra‐miniaturized microstrip circuits. This paper investigates the properties of high‐εr microstrip transmission lines on (Zr, Sn)TiO4 (εr=37) and BaO–PbO–Nd2O3–TiO2 (εr=88) substrates. An electromagnetic (EM) field solver is used to determine the frequency‐dependent characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant of a range of microstrip lines up to 5 GHz. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 313–314, 2001.
Accurate experimental determination of cutoff wavelengths in channel waveguides
Authors: Simos Christos , Di Bin Philippe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a simple experimental technique for the fast and accurate determination of the effective cutoff wavelength of the second‐order modes in channel waveguides. The technique is based on a spectral analysis of the output power when the guide is excited by even and odd field patterns alternately with the wavelength. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 14–17, 2002.
Improved tuning accuracy of fiber grating lasers using a linear variable differential transformer
Authors: Chung W. H. , Tam H. Y. , Demokan M. S. , Wai P. K. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA microprocessor‐controlled feedback system using a linear variable differential transformer to measure the compression of a fiber Bragg grating with a view to improve the tuning accuracy of a fiber grating laser is reported. This technique overcomes the large hysteresis of the PZT actuator normally used to compress the grating. A tuning range of about 20 nm with a readout wavelength accuracy of better than ±0.05 nm was achieved. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 37–40, 2002.
On the evaluation of the true phase of interferograms
Authors: Ahmad Falih H. , Helms Gary L. , Castellane Ray M. , Durst Bartley P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn iterative technique that uses sine and cosine modulations along with low‐pass filtering to extract the true phase values of a carrier frequency interferogram is proposed in this paper. An illustrative example is given in which this technique is applied. Results generated from the application of this technique are compared with exact phase values, and excellent agreement between the exact and computed phase values is demonstrated. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 40–43, 2002.
Polarizability of polyhedral dielectric scatterers
Authors: Avelin Juha , Sihvola Ari 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents numerical results for the dielectric polarizability of canonically shaped homogeneous scatterers: cube, tetrahedron, and octahedron. The method is based on solving the integral equation for the static scalar potential on the surface of the scatterer by the method of moments. Easy‐to‐use interpolation formulas are given for the polarizabilities as a function of the permittivity. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 60–64, 2002.
Addition effect of barium and strontium titanate on the reflectivity of ferri and ferromagnetic composites
Authors: Pinho Magali S. , Gregori Maria Luisa , Carvalho Aristóteles S. , Nunes Regina Célia R. , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of barium and strontium titanate on the microwave reflectivity properties of carbonyl–iron and doped hexaferrite in polychloroprene matrices was investigated. The electromagnetic properties of these materials were evaluated between 8 and 16 GHz. The T/R method was adopted to determine their complex permeabilities (μ*r) and permittivities (ε*r). © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 325–327, 2002.
A hybrid DWDM system based on a Fabry–Perot laser diode and an optical circulator with a fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Lee Chi‐Sen , Lu Hai‐Han 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA hybrid dense‐wavelength‐division‐multiplexing (DWDM) system using a combination of a Fabry–Perot (FP) laser diode, an optical circulator (OC), and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), as well as half‐split‐band and WDM techniques, is demonstrated. It is a four‐wavelength system, in which two wavelengths are for AM–VSB video, one wavelength is for a 256‐QAM digital signal, and one wavelength is for OC‐48 digital baseband signal transmission. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 390–393, 2002.
Relationship between linear light incidence and circular light incidence in single‐mode optical fibers
Authors: Min‐Ning Ji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA fundamental relation S+S=1 between output light polarization magnitudes with linear light incidence and circular light incidence is found to exist universally in single‐mode optical fibers. It is confirmed theoretically and experimentally, and is employed to analyze the SOP‐maintaining capability of a fiber. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 16–19, 2001.