bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial muscle lactate, pyruvate and potassium dynamics in the trapezius muscle during repetitive low‐force arm movements, measured with microdialysis
Authors: Rosendal L. , Blangsted A. K. , Kristiansen J. , Søgaard K. , Langberg H. , Sjøgaard G. , Kjær M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim:  Local muscle metabolic responses to repetitive low‐force contractions and to intense static contractions were studied by microdialysis in humans.Methods:  Microdialysate and electromyography (EMG) were sampled from the trapezius muscle, mixed venous blood samples were taken and perceived exertion was rated (0–9) before and during 20 min of standardized repetitive arm movement (REP), 60 min recovery (R1), and 10 min 90° sustained arm position (SUS) at 20% maximum voluntary contraction, followed by 60 min recovery (R2) in six healthy male participants (28–33 years).Results:  Average muscle activity was 8 ± 2% of EMGmax−RMS (mean ±SEM) during REP and 22 ± 5% of EMGmax−RMS during SUS. Perceived exertion increased from 0 to 3.2 ± 0.5 during REP and from 0 to 8.5 ± 0.3 during SUS. During REP interstitial muscle lactate increased from 2.1 ± 0.2 to 2.9 ± 0.2 mmol L−1 (P < 0.001) and returned to the baseline level during R1, while dialysate [K+] increased from 3.8 ± 0.2 to 4.7 ± 0.2 mmol L−1 (P < 0.002) and returned to 3.8 ± 0.2 mmol L−1 during R1. In contrast, plasma lactate and [K+] remained unchanged. During SUS interstitial muscle lactate increased from 2.3 ± 0.2 to 3.3 ± 0.3 mmol L−1 (P < 0.003), increased further to 6.5 ± 1.3 mmol L−1 post‐exercise (P < 0.001) and returned to baseline levels during R2. Dialysate [K+] increased from 3.9 ± 0.2 to 4.6 ± 0.2 mmol L−1 (P < 0.05) and returned to baseline level during R2. Plasma lactate increased significantly during SUS whereas plasma [K+] was unchanged. During REP and SUS interstitial pyruvate was unchanged but increased in the post‐exercise period proportional to the exercise intensity.Conclusions:  The microdialysis technique was effective in revealing muscle metabolic events that were not found systemically. Furthermore, the trapezius muscle showed an anaerobic metabolism during low‐force contraction, which could indicate inhomogeneous muscle activation.
Bovine umbilical hernia maps to the centromeric end of Bos taurus autosome 8
Authors: Ron M. , Tager‐Cohen I. , Feldmesser E. , Ezra E. , Kalay D. , Roe B. , Seroussi E. , Weller J. I. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryTwelve bull calves were produced by mating elite Israeli cows to ‘Glenhapton Enhancer’, a Canadian Holstein bull. The frequency of umbilical hernia (UH) in the progeny of the sons ranged from 1 to 21%, consistent with the hypothesis that Enhancer is the carrier of major dominant or codominant gene with partial penetrance for UH. Five sons of Enhancer produced progeny with >10% frequency of UH including sire 3259, whereas progeny of three sons had <3% UH. A total of 116 grand‐progeny of Enhancer, all progeny of 3259, were genotyped for 59 microsatellites spanning the 29 bovine autosomes. Of these offspring, 41 were affected. Significant differences in paternal allele frequencies between the affected and unaffected progeny groups were found for marker BMS1591 on bovine chromosome 8 (BTA8). The UH‐associated paternal allele originated from Enhancer. The chromosomal segment associated with UH was more precisely mapped between UWCA47, on the centromeric end of BTA8 and RM321, 12 cM from the centromere. A maximum LOD score of 3.84 was obtained 2.5 cM from the centromere with a support interval of 8 cM. Haplotype analysis of eight sons of Enhancer suggested that the UH gene is located in the centromeric end of BTA8 beyond ARO71/ARO72. Thus, by integrating the results from progeny of sire 3259 and sons of Enhancer the location of the UH gene was further refined to the BTA8 segment between ARO71/ARO72 and UWCA47.
Expression of enamel proteins and LEF1 in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: evidence for its odontogenic epithelial differentiation
Authors: Sekine S , Takata T , Shibata T , Mori M , Morishita Y , Noguchi M , Uchida T , Kanai Y , Hirohashi S 
Published: November 2004

Aims:  Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) resembles histologically some odontogenic tumours, such as ameloblastoma and calcifying odontogenic cyst. However, there has been no evidence that ACP differentiates also functionally as odontogenic epithelium. The aim of this study was to gain evidence of odontogenic epithelial differentiation in ACP by means of immunohistochemistry. Among normal human tissues, enamel proteins are expressed exclusively in teeth, and lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), in co‐operation with β‐catenin, play an important role in tooth development. The expression of these proteins is therefore indicative of odontogenic epithelial differentiation.Methods and results:  The expression of enamel proteins and LEF1 was examined in 10 adamantinomatous and six papillary craniopharyngiomas. All the ACPs showed a variable degree of enamel protein expression, including amelogenin, enamelin and enamelysin, mainly in ghost cells. LEF1 was also heterogeneously expressed in ACPs; remarkably, its expression pattern was identical to that of nuclear β‐catenin accumulation. In contrast, none of the papillary craniopharyngiomas expressed enamel proteins or LEF1.Conclusions:  These results suggest that ACP consistently shows odontogenic epithelial differentiation. Since ACPs harbour β‐catenin mutation, the inappropriate activation of β‐catenin/LEF1 complex‐dependent transcription may play a critical role in ACP tumorigenesis.
A Follow‐up of Deinstitutionalized Men with Intellectual Disabilities and Histories of Antisocial Behaviour
Authors: Quinsey Vernon L. , Book Angela , Skilling Tracey A. 
Published: November 2004

Background  There is frequently great concern about the dangerousness of deinstitutionalized men with intellectual disabilities who have been institutionalized because they are considered to be at high risk for the commission of serious antisocial acts or sexual offending. Unfortunately, there is little information on whether changes in the behaviour of these men can be used to adjust supervision so as to manage risk.Methods  An appraisal of men with intellectual disabilities and histories of serious antisocial behaviours who were residing in institutions about to be closed led to a 16 month follow‐up of 58 of these clients who had been transferred to community settings.Results  A total of 67% exhibited antisocial behaviour of some kind and 47% exhibited ‘hands‐on’ violent or sexual misbehaviours directed toward other clients or staff. The Violent Risk Appraisal Guide was the best predictor of new violent or sexual incidents and a variety of other pre‐release predictors were related to the likelihood of antisocial incidents of any kind. Overall predictive accuracy was moderate. A field trial showed that monthly staff ratings of client characteristics were related to antisocial incidents.Conclusions  These preliminary data indicate that measures of dynamic risk involving staff ratings are worth developing and evaluating.
GRAPHICAL CONCEPTS FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF EVENTS IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
Authors: DREVERMANN H. , GRAB C. 
Published: November 2004

Different methods to graphically represent points and tracks of events, measured with the ALEPH-detector at LEP, are discussed. Special emphasis is put on projections, that are adapted to the cylindrical geometry of the detector, to the track geometry of charged particles moving in a homogeneous magnetic field and to the event topologies, encountered in Z0 physics. A new concept, the so-called "V-plot", is introduced, which incorporates the full three-dimensional information of spatial points in a single picture. It is ideally suited for the study of more complicated event topologies, such as e.g. decays of particles within jets, and of the correlation between tracks and calorimeter clusters. In addition, we propose ways of combining histograms and projections to incorporate the tracking and calorimetric information into a single picture. We describe methods of employing colour schemes to facilitate recognition of correlations between hits, tracks and/or subdetectors in different representations.
Transcultural Aspects of Psychiatric Patients in Qatar
Authors: EL-ISLAM M. FAKHR 
Published: November 2004

The illness behaviour of Qutari psychiatric patients is defined by the nature of their symptomatology. The importance of somatic symptoms is determining the patient role and patient-doctor relationship is discussed in the light of cultural characteristics of the Qutari community. Delusory cultural beliefs related to possession, sorcery and envy provide a conceptual framework of explanation of many disorders. Inter-generational conflict is an important factor in neurotic disorders. Failure to report symptoms in an abstract fashion is characteristic of Qatari patients. The cultural and religious heritage absorbs many behaviours which would otherwise be considered symptomatic of psychiatric disorder.
TOPOLOGY AND LATTICES
Authors: BEN-AV RADEL , SOLOMON SORIN 
Published: November 2004

The concept of interpolation relates lattice configurations to continuum configurations. This relation induces from the continuum to the lattice the definitions of “continuous deformation”, topological classification and homotopy classes. The lattice homotopy classes obtained this way are separated by boundaries made out of “exceptional configurations” (EC). The EC boundaries allow the topological classification of the lattice configurations even in models in which it is impossible (or cumbersome) to give in a closed form, a definition of the topological charge in terms of lattice variables. We give the description of the EC boundaries for the 2-dimensional XY spin model and the 4-dimensional SU(2) gauge model.
RADIATIVE AMPLITUDE ZEROS—A TEST OF THE STANDARD MODEL
Authors: SAMUEL KENNETH B. , SAMUEL MARK A. 
Published: November 2004

The radiation amplitude zero in the process du→Wγ is studied as a function of the magnetic moments of the W boson (κ) and the quarks (a) where g=κ+1 and a=(g−2)12. It is shown that the zero occurs only if both κ=1 for the W and a=0 for the quarks. This is now being tested in an experiment underway at the Tevatron (Fermilab) where κ for the W boson can be measured.
RENORMALIZATION GROUP IN MODERN PHYSICS
Authors: SHIRKOV D.V. 
Published: November 2004

Renormalization groups used in diverse fields of theoretical physics are considered. The discussion is based upon functional formulation of group transformations. This attitude enables development of a general method by using the notion of functional self-similarity which generalizes the usual self-similarity connected with power similarity laws. From this point of view we present a simple derivation of the renorm-group (RG) in QFT “liberated” from ultra-violet divergences philosophy, discuss the RG approach in other fields of physics and compare “different” RG’s.
ON THE VACUUM STABILITY IN THE SUPERRENORMALIZED YUKAWA-TYPE THEORY
Authors: EFIMOV G.V. , GANBOLD G. 
Published: November 2004

The stability of the ground state and the possibility of the appearance of a phase transition in the superrenormalizable nonlocal Yukawa-type field theory are investigated. A variational estimation of the upper bound for the effective potential is obtained. It is shown that there exists a finite critical value for the boson-fermion coupling constant. The initial vacuum becomes unstable when this coupling constant exceeds the critical value. As a result, the system under consideration goes into the phase with nonvanishing expectation value of the field.
EXACTLY SOLVABLE CONFORMALLY INVARIANT QUANTUM FIELD MODELS IN D DIMENSIONS
Authors: FRADKIN E.S. , PALCHIK M. Ya. 
Published: November 2004

A class of exactly solvable models of the conformally invariant quantum field theory in D dimensions is proposed. It is shown that in any conformal theory of the field φ(x) with the scale dimension d there exists an infinite collection of the tensor fields Ps of the ranks and the dimensions ds=d+s independently of the type of interaction. These tensor fields appear in the product Tµν(x1)φ(x2) operator expansion where Tµν is the energy-momentum tensor. The fields Ps are analogues to the certain superpositions of the secondary fields of D=2 models. The existence of the fields Ps follows from the structure of the Ward identities for the energy-momentum tensor conformally invariant Green functions. Each model of the above-mentioned class is defined by the operator equation Ps(x)=0. The method of solving these models is proposed. Some of the models coincide with the certain lagrangian models. The method allows us to obtain closed differential equations for each Green function of fundamental and composite fields, and also algebraic equations for scale dimensions of the fields. The derivation of all these equations is based on the energy momentum conformal Ward identities’ specific property. Detailed analysis of the Ward identities is given in the paper. It is shown that each D>2-model involves a special scalar field PD−2 with the scale dimension dP=D−2. This field is an analogue of the central charge of D=2 models and becomes the constant coinciding with the central charge when D=2. A new class of D=2 models with broken infinite parametric symmetry is obtained. In each model the closed differential equations for the highest Green functions are derived and the central charge is calculated. The general method of solving the D≥2 models is illustrated on examples of Thirring and Wess-Zumino-Witten models and on a trivial model in four-dimension space.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Y-Ba-Cu(Cr)-O SYSTEM
Authors: Xianyu Z. , Li R.J. , Zhao Q.H. , Liu L.Q. , Wang Q.T. , He Y.F. , Xiu Z.M. , Li D.X. , Shao Z.B. , Chen T.G. , Gao R.P. , Tu Y , Li Y. , Jin H.Y. , Li D.J. , Hong J.E. , Liu F. , Liu Z.J. , Jia Y.Q. , Sun J.Q. 
Published: November 2004

We report the superconductor of Y-Ba-Cu-O system, with Tci= 100K , Tc=95K , Tcf=94.1K and Δ Tc=1K . The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction shows that single phase superconductor has order-disorder transformation around 220K and phase transformation takes place in the multiphase sample in the range of (123–173K). This indicates that the phase transformation related to the high Tci. With the substitution of Cr for Cu, with Cu:Cr=2:1 we have also obtained the superconductor with Tci=95.5 , Tc=91K , Tcf=86.3K and Tc=1K X-ray structural analysis shows that the major superconducting phase of this system is hexagonal phase.
SUBSOLIDUS PHASE RELATIONSHIPS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Gd2O3-BaO-CuO SYSTEM
Authors: LIANG Jingkui , Xu Xianting , RAO Guanghui , XIE Sishen , SHAO Xiuyu , DUAN Zhanguo 
Published: November 2004

The 960°C subsolidus phase relationships in the Gd2O3-BaO-CuO system were determined by means of X-ray diffraction as well as superconductive properties measurements. In the measured partial diagram, two ternary compounds occur: GdBa2Cu3O9−y and Gd2BaCuO5 The relationships between composition and superconductivity were also reported in this paper. Since superconductivity in Ba-Y-Cu-O system was reported(1, 2), many authors have measured the phase diagram for this system (3, 4). In a recent communication we reported superconductivity existing in Ba-Gd-Cu-O system(5). Now we present the results of partial subsolidus phase relationships sintered at 960°C in air, which in turn provide a basis for the sample preparetion technology. We also discussed the effect of compositions on the sintering temperature in this paper.
PHOTOINDUCED I.R. ABSORPTIONS IN THE 1-2-3 SYSTEM
Authors: TALIANI C. , RUANI G. , ZAMBONI R. , MATACOTTA F. C. 
Published: November 2004

The infrared photoinduced absorption (PA) spectrum of the semiconducting tetragonal phase of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−y ( y = 0.79 ÷ 0.85) is investigated in the 3200–350 cm −1 spectral range at low temperature (34 k). A broad electronic band is observed at 0.13 eV and is attributed to long lived metastable hole states generated by photoexcitation. Two PA phonon bands observed at 435 and 510 cm −1 correspond to totally symmetric modes of 1-2-3 involving Cu-O vibrations parallel to c axes. A vibronic activation mechanism is proposed in order to account for their IR activity and the nature of the .13eV midgap hole state is discussed in this framework.
Phenomenological Constraints on Theories for High Temperature Superconductivity
Authors: Varma C.M. 
Published: November 2004

This is an attempt at a coherent view of the normal and superconductive state properties of the high-temperature superconducting materials. The discussion is organized as follows: Phenomenology of the Normal state anomalies, where it is shown that a single hypothesis about the charge and spin polarizability is enough to understand essentially all their properties. Phenomenology of the Superconductive state. Lessons from the Phenomenology. Phenomenology for the choice of a Microscopic Model. Comparison of the Bi-O family with the Cu-O family. Speculations on the Physics of the Magic Polarizability.
HUBBARD MODEL AND ANYON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: A REVIEW
Authors: BALACHANDRAN A. P. , ERCOLESSI E. , MORANDI G. , SRIVASTAVA A. M. 
Published: November 2004

Several different models have recently been proposed to explain high temperature superconductivity. This is a review of two such proposals, namely the Hubbard and anyon models. There is a belief that they are actually interrelated and not mutually exclusive, although a convincing demonstration of any such connection is yet to be found. The choice of these topics as subjects of our review is dictated by our common interests. It is also dictated by our conviction of their physical importance regardless of their role in the study of the novel superconductors.
THERMODYNAMIC STUDY ON YBa2Cu3C7−x
Authors: TOCI F. , SCHUERENKAEMPER A. , TOUSSAINT N. , CAMBINI M. , MANES L. 
Published: November 2004

Results are related to ordering of oxygen vacancies in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x lattice. The concentration and ordering of oxygen in the lattice of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x are fundamental for its superconducting properties. Partial free energies, enthalpies and entropies of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x have been obtained from oxygen standard potential measurements performed between 700 and 1100 K, by means of a miniaturized solid state galvanic cell. The oxygen molar content of the phases investigated was between 6.65 and 6.95. Oxygen diffusion kinetics was also studied by means of the same apparatus, by following the depolarization of the electrode after a coulometric titration. Structural characterization was performed by X-ray powder diffraction, metallography and scanning electron microscopy.
BASIS FOR SYNTHESIS OF SPIRAL LATTICE QUASICRYSTALS
Authors: BURSILL L. A. , RYAN GEORGE , FAN XUDONG , ROUSE J. L. , PENG JULIN , PERKINS ANNE 
Published: November 2004

Observations of the sunflower Helianthus tuberosus reveal the occurrence of both Fibonacci and Lucas numbers of visible spirals (parastichies). This species is multi-headed, allowing a quantitative study of the relative abundance of these two types of phyllotaxis. The florets follow a spiral arrangement. It is remarkable that the Lucas series occurred, almost invariably, in the first-flowering heads of individual plants. The occurrence of left-and right-handed chirality was found to be random, within experimental error, using an appropriate chirality convention. Quantitative crystallographic studies allow the average growth law to be derived (r = alτ−1; θ = 2πl/(τ + 1), where a is a constant, l is the seed cell number and τ is the golden mean [Formula: see text]). They also reveal departures from classical theoretical models of phyllotaxis, taking the form of persistent oscillations in both divergence angle and radius. The experimental results are discussed in terms of a new theoretical model for the close-packing of growing discs. Finally, a basis for synthesis of (inorganic) spiral lattice structures is proposed.
A NEW HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTOR YBa2Ca2Cu3Ox
Authors: SHIMA A. , SHOJI T. , UKAKU M. , WATANABE Y. , TAZAWA Y. , SAKAI H. 
Published: November 2004

We report that the high temperature superconductivity observed in a new ceramic Y–Ba–Ca–Cu oxide compound which exhibited the onset of superconductivity clearly at above 90 K and became completely superconductive at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). Powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal structure of this new superconductor had the same one as a YBa 2 Cu 3 O x.
MELT PROCESSING OF YBaCuO SUPERCONDUCTORS AND CRITICAL CURRENTS
Authors: MURAKAMI MASATO 
Published: November 2004

In the Y–Ba–Cu–O system, the superconducting phase is produced by a peritectic reaction: Y2 BaCuO 5(211) + L → 2YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (123). In order to promote the continuous growth of the 123 phase, uniform distribution of 211 in the liquid is required. In this review, I first present the melt process which enables us to achieve fine dispersion of 211 in the liquid. Large 123 crystals can be grown from this precursor structure by slow cooling in temperature gradient. As a result of incomplete peritectic reaction, the crystals contain fine 211 inclusions. The fine dispersion of 211 inclusions in the 123 matrix is considered to have three beneficial effects: 1) to suppress crack formation; 2) to promote oxygen diffusion; and 3) to provide pinning centers. Such crystals exhibit large J c values exceeding 104 A/cm 2 at 77 K and 1 T according to both transport and magnetic measurements. Magnetization measurements also show that the critical state model is established in the sample indicating that no weak-link is present. Flux creep rate is reasonably small compared to that of single crystals. Attainable J c due to the 211 inclusions is estimated based on the conventional flux pinning theory. Finally, I propose the application of such crystals as a superconducting permanent magnet.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ELECTRIC CHARGING OF THE SAMPLE SURFACE AND KINETICS OF OPTICALLY STIMULATED EXOELECTRON EMISSION (OSEE) FROM CRYOSOLIDIFIED NaCl SOLUTION
Authors: GIEROSZYŃSKI A. 
Published: November 2004

It was found that OSEE kinetics from electron bombarded cryosolidified NaCl solution, depend on electric charging of the sample surface. It was shown that from the relationship between the maximum surface potential and the parameters of OSEE kinetic, intensities of electric fields in the emitter layer could be estimated. It is supposed that nonhomogeneous electric fields existing in the emitter surface region, influence the emission levels responsible for the course of OSEE kinetics.
STUDY OF THE DEPENDENCE OF HIGH Tc ON VARIOUS SINTERING TEMPERATURES FOR Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: NAQVI S.M. M.R. , QIDWAI A.A. , ZIA-UL-HAQUE S.M. , AHMAD FIROZ , RIZVI S.D.H. , HUMAYUN MUMTAZ 
Published: November 2004

Bi1.7-Pb0.3-Sr2-Ca2-Cu3-Ox superconducting samples were prepared at 855°C, 862 C, 870 C, and 882 C sintering temperatures respectively. All samples were sintered for 120 hours. The samples were then quenched in liquid nitrogen. The electrical resistivity measurements showed that the samples sintered at 870° C had the best Tc. For these samples the Tc onset was around 120 K and the zero resistance was obtained at 108 K. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the samples were multiphased.