bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clearing the Bench: The Perils of Appointing Politicians to the Cabinet
Authors: SPIEGLER JONATHAN , SMITH JACOB F. H. , LOVELY AIDAN 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article provides an analysis of the potential danger to a president’s policy agenda that comes from appointing a sitting elected official to the cabinet. We present historical data on cabinet secretaries since the founding and demonstrate that concerns about seats falling to the other party following the appointment of an elected official to the cabinet date back at least to Martin Van Buren’s establishment of the first American mass political party in 1828. We then focus on the post-Seventeenth Amendment cabinet and show that almost 30 percent of cabinet secretaries in this era who were elected officials at the time of their appointment left seats that flipped to the other party by the next regular general election. We conclude by discussing how our results compare with Alexander Hamilton, Martin Van Buren, and Woodrow Wilson’s differing views on the cabinet and the implications for the president’s policy agenda.
Impacts of a tiered intervention on child internalizing and externalizing behavior in the context of maternal depression
Authors: Canfield Caitlin Ford , Miller Elizabeth B. , Taraban Lindsay , Aviles Ashleigh I. , Rosas Johana , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Morris Pamela , Shaw Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGreater maternal depressive symptoms are consistently associated with higher levels of behavioral difficulties in children, emerging in early childhood and with long-lasting consequences for children’s development. Interventions promoting early relational health have been shown to have benefits for children’s behavior; however, these impacts are not always realized in the context of maternal depression. This study examined whether tiered programs could address this limitation by focusing on both parenting, through universal primary prevention, and psychosocial stressors and parent mental health, through tailored secondary prevention. Analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Smart Beginnings (SB) intervention was conducted to determine whether SB attenuated the association between maternal depression and early childhood internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Maternal depression significantly predicted both internalizing and externalizing behaviors in linear regression models. Further, there was a significant interaction between maternal depression and treatment group, such that among mothers with higher depressive symptoms, the SB treatment attenuated the magnitude of the association between depression and child behavior. Findings suggest that while parenting support is important for all families, it may be particularly critical for those with higher levels of depression and underscores the need to consider multidimensional family processes in both research and clinical practice.
Impact of COVID-19 program adaptations on costs and cost-effectiveness of community management of acute malnutrition program in South Sudan
Authors: Alier Kemish Kenneth , Tappis Hannah , Ismail Sule , Doocy Shannon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the protocol adaptations on cost and cost-effectiveness of community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program in South Sudan.

Design:
Retrospective program expenditure-based analysis of non-governmental organisation (NGO) CMAM programs for COVID-19 period (April 2020–December 2021) in respect to pre-COVID period (January 2019–March 2020).

Setting:
Study was conducted as part of a bigger evaluation study in South Sudan.

Participants:
International and national NGOs operating CMAM programs under the nutrition cluster participated in the study.

Results:
The average cost per child recovered from the programme declined by 20 % during COVID from $133 (range: $34–1174) pre-COVID to $107 (range: $20–333) during COVID. The cost per child recovered was negatively correlated with programme size (pre-COVID r-squared = 0·58; during COIVD r-squared = 0·50). Programmes with higher enrollment were cheaper compared with those with low enrolment. Salaries, ready to use food and community activities accounted for over two-thirds of the cost per recovery during both pre-COVID (69 %) and COVID (79 %) periods. While cost per child recovered decreased during COVID period, it did not negatively impact on the programme outcome. Enrolment increased by an average of 19·8 % and recovery rate by 4·6 % during COVID period.

Conclusions:
Costs reduced with no apparent negative implication on recovery rates after implementing the COVID CMAM protocol adaptations with a strong negative correlation between cost and programme size. This suggests that investing in capacity, screening and referral at existing CMAM sites to enable expansion of caseload maybe a preferable strategy to increasing the number of CMAM sites in South Sudan.
Strategies for improving access to primary care services for homeless immigrants in England: a Delphi study
Authors: Namata Carol , Hatzidimitriadou Eleni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of the study was to identify the most prioritized strategies in improving access to primary care services (PCS) for homeless immigrants.

Background:
The issue of improving access to PCS for homeless immigrants is a complex and multifaceted one, and yet there is limited research on the strategies aimed at improving these services. Hence, the need for more studies that directly engage homeless immigrants and service providers in understanding their barriers to accessing PCS and their preferences for improving access to these services.

Methods:
The study used a two round Delphi method to elicit the views of stakeholders. The Delphi process utilized a web-based questionnaire. The stakeholders included healthcare providers and voluntary sector providers. The first round had a total of 58 items belonging to 14 categories. The second round comprised a total of 25 items belonging to 12 categories which were preselected based on participants’ ranking of their importance in the first round. Participants were required to rank the relative importance of all the items on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using the STATA-15 software package.

Findings:
A total of 12 stakeholders participated in both rounds of the Delphi survey. The top three strategies encompassed fighting against discrimination and prejudice, improving and promoting mental health services, and empowering homeless immigrants. These evidence-based strategies hold the potential to support the implementation of healthcare interventions aimed at improving access to PCS and healthcare outcomes for homeless immigrants. However, it is crucial to conduct further research that includes homeless immigrants in the Delphi study to gain insights into the strategies that are most important to them in enhancing access to PCS, as they are the primary target users. Such research will contribute to the development of comprehensive and effective interventions tailored to the specific needs of homeless.
Human Conditional Reasoning in Answer Set Programming
Authors: SAKAMA CHIAKI 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven a conditional sentence “
${\varphi}\Rightarrow \psi$
" (if
${\varphi}$
then
$\psi$
) and respective facts, four different types of inferences are observed in human reasoning: Affirming the antecedent (AA) (or modus ponens) reasons
$\psi$
from
${\varphi}$
; affirming the consequent (AC) reasons
${\varphi}$
from
$\psi$
; denying the antecedent (DA) reasons
$\neg\psi$
from
$\neg{\varphi}$
; and denying the consequent (DC) (or modus tollens) reasons
$\neg{\varphi}$
from
$\neg\psi$
. Among them, AA and DC are logically valid, while AC and DA are logically invalid and often called logical fallacies. Nevertheless, humans often perform AC or DA as pragmatic inference in daily life. In this paper, we realize AC, DA and DC inferences in answer set programming. Eight different types of completion are introduced, and their semantics are given by answer sets. We investigate formal properties and characterize human reasoning tasks in cognitive psychology. Those completions are also applied to commonsense reasoning in AI.
Volumetric Changes of Mud on Mars: Evidence From Laboratory Simulations
Authors: Brož P. , Krýza O. , Patočka V. , Pěnkavová V. , Conway S. J. , Mazzini A. , Hauber E. , Sylvest M. E. , Patel M. R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubtle mounds have been discovered in the source areas of Martian kilometer‐sized flows and on top of summit areas of domes. These features have been suggested to be related to subsurface sediment mobilization, opening questions regarding their formation mechanisms. Previous studies hypothesized that they mark the position of feeder vents through which mud was brought to the surface. Two theories have been proposed: (a) ascent of more viscous mud during the late stage of eruption and (b) expansion of mud within the conduit due to the instability of water under Martian conditions. Here, we present experiments performed inside a low‐pressure chamber designed to investigate whether the volume of mud changes when exposed to a Martian atmospheric pressure. Depending on the mud viscosity, we observe a volumetric increase of up to 30% at the Martian average pressure of ∼6 mbar. The reason is that the low pressure causes instability of the water within the mud, leading to the bubble formation that increases the volume of the mixture. This mechanism bears resemblance to the volumetric changes associated with the degassing of terrestrial lava or mud volcano eruptions caused by a rapid pressure drop. We conclude that the mounds associated with putative Martian sedimentary volcanoes might indeed be explained by volumetric changes in the mud. We also show that mud flows on Mars and elsewhere in the Solar System could behave differently to those found on Earth because mud dynamics are affected by the formation of bubbles in response to the different atmospheric pressures.
Magnetism of the Acapulco Primitive Achondrite and Implications for the Evolution of Partially Differentiated Bodies
Authors: Mansbach Elias N. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Schnepf Neesha R. , Lima Eduardo A. , Borlina Cauê S. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Gattacceca Jérôme , Uehara Minoru , Wang Huapei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrimitive achondrites like the acapulcoites‐lodranites (AL) clan are meteorites that formed on bodies in the process of forming a metallic core, providing a unique window into how early solar system processes transformed unmelted material into differentiated bodies. However, the size and structure of the parent body of ALs and other primitive achondrites are largely unknown. Paleomagnetism can establish the presence or absence of a metallic core by looking for evidence of a dynamo field. We conducted a magnetic study of the Acapulco acapulcoite to determine its ferromagnetic minerals and their recording properties. This is the first detailed rock magnetic and first paleomagnetic study of a primitive achondrite group. We determined that metal inclusions inside silicate grains consist of two magnetic minerals, kamacite and tetrataenite, which have robust recording properties. However, the mechanisms and timing by which these minerals acquired any natural remanent magnetization are unknown. Despite this, Acapulco has not been substantially remagnetized since arriving on Earth and therefore should retain a record dating to 4.55 billion years ago. Future studies could characterize this record by using high‐resolution magnetometry measurements of individual populations of grains and developing an understanding of how and when they became magnetized. Our discovery of tetrataenite in ALs provides the first mineralogical evidence for slow cooling [<∼5–10 × 103°C per million years (Ma−1)] of the AL parent body at low temperatures (∼320°C). Its presence suggests the AL parent body is unlikely to have been catastrophically disrupted at AL peak temperatures (∼1,200°C) without subsequent reaccretion.
Beach and Dune Subsurface Hydrodynamics and Their Influence on the Formation of Dune Scarps
Authors: Bond Hailey , Wengrove Meagan , Puleo Jack , Pontiki Maro , Evans T. Matthew , Feagin Rusty A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractErosive beach scarps influence beach vulnerability, yet their formation remains challenging to predict. In this study, a 1:2.5 scale laboratory experiment was used to study the subsurface hydrodynamics of a beach dune during an erosive event. Pressure and moisture sensors buried within the dune were used both to monitor the water table and to examine vertical pressure gradients in the upper 0.3 m of sand as the slope of the upper beach developed into a scarp. Concurrently, a line‐scan lidar tracked swash bores and monitored erosion and accretion patterns along a single cross‐shore transect throughout the experiment. As wave conditions intensified, a discontinuity in the slope of the dune formed; the discontinuity grew steeper and progressed landward at the same rate as the R2% runup extent until it was a fully formed scarp with a vertical face. Within the upper 0.15 m of the partially saturated sand, upward pore pressure gradients were detected during backwash, influencing the effective weight of sand and potentially contributing to beachface erosion. The magnitude and frequency of the upward pressure gradients increased with deeper swash depths and with frequency of wave interaction, and decreased with depth into the sand. A simple conceptual model for scarp formation is proposed that incorporates observations of upward‐directed pressure gradients from this study while providing a reference for future studies seeking to integrate additional swash zone sediment transport processes that may impact scarp development.
Resting-state EEG power differences in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Neo Wei Siong , Foti Dan , Keehn Brandon , Kelleher Bridgette 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNarrative reviews have described various resting-state EEG power differences in autism across all five canonical frequency bands, with increased power for low and high frequencies and reduced power for middle frequencies. However, these differences have yet to be quantified using effect sizes and probed robustly for consistency, which are critical next steps for clinical translation. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of published and gray literature on resting-state EEG power in autism. We performed 10 meta-analyses to synthesize and quantify differences in absolute and relative resting-state delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma EEG power in autism. We also conducted moderator analyses to determine whether demographic characteristics, methodological details, and risk-of-bias indicators might account for heterogeneous study effect sizes. Our literature search and study selection processes yielded 41 studies involving 1,246 autistic and 1,455 neurotypical individuals. Meta-analytic models of 135 effect sizes demonstrated that autistic individuals exhibited reduced relative alpha (g = −0.35) and increased gamma (absolute: g = 0.37, relative: g = 1.06) power, but similar delta (absolute: g = 0.06, relative: g = 0.10), theta (absolute: g = −0.03, relative: g = −0.15), absolute alpha (g = −0.17), and beta (absolute: g = 0.01, relative: g = 0.08) power. Substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes was observed across all absolute (I2: 36.1–81.9%) and relative (I2: 64.6–84.4%) frequency bands. Moderator analyses revealed that age, biological sex, IQ, referencing scheme, epoch duration, and use of gold-standard autism diagnostic instruments did not moderate study effect sizes. In contrast, resting-state paradigm type (eyes-closed versus eyes-open) moderated absolute beta, relative delta, and relative alpha power effect sizes, and resting-state recording duration moderated relative alpha power effect sizes. These findings support further investigation of resting-state alpha and gamma power as potential biomarkers for autism.
Metabolic signature of the pathogenic 22q11.2 deletion identifies carriers and provides insight into systemic dysregulation
Authors: Courraud Julie , Russo Francesco , Themudo Gonçalo Espregueira , Laursen Susan Svane , Ingason Andrés , Hougaard David M. , Cohen Arieh S. , Werge Thomas , Ernst Madeleine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLarge deletions at chromosome 22q11.2 are known to cause severe clinical conditions collectively known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Notwithstanding the pathogenicity of these deletions, affected individuals are typically diagnosed in late childhood or early adolescence, and little is known of the molecular signaling cascades and biological consequences immediately downstream of the deleted genes. Here, we used targeted metabolomics to compare neonatal dried blood spot samples from 203 individuals clinically identified as carriers of a deletion at chromosome 22q11.2 with 203 unaffected individuals. A total of 173 metabolites were successfully identified and used to inform on systemic dysregulation caused by the genomic lesion and to discriminate carriers from non-carriers. We found 84 metabolites to be differentially abundant between carriers and non-carriers of the 22q11.2 deletion. A predictive model based on all 173 metabolites achieved high Accuracy (89%), Area Under the Curve (93%), F1 (88%), Positive Predictive Value (94%), and Negative Predictive Value (84%) with tyrosine and proline having the highest individual contributions to the model as well as the highest interaction strength. Targeted metabolomics provides insight into the molecular consequences possibly contributing to the pathology underlying the clinical manifestations of the 22q11 deletion and is an easily applicable approach to first-pass screening for carrier status of the 22q11 to prompt subsequent verification of the genomic diagnosis.
Breaking solvation dominance of ethylene carbonate via molecular charge engineering enables lower temperature battery
Authors: Chen Yuqing , He Qiu , Zhao Yun , Zhou Wang , Xiao Peitao , Gao Peng , Tavajohi Naser , Tu Jian , Li Baohua , He Xiangming , Xing Lidan , Fan Xiulin , Liu Jilei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow temperatures severely impair the performance of lithium-ion batteries, which demand powerful electrolytes with wide liquidity ranges, facilitated ion diffusion, and lower desolvation energy. The keys lie in establishing mild interactions between Li+ and solvent molecules internally, which are hard to achieve in commercial ethylene-carbonate based electrolytes. Herein, we tailor the solvation structure with low-ε solvent-dominated coordination, and unlock ethylene-carbonate via electronegativity regulation of carbonyl oxygen. The modified electrolyte exhibits high ion conductivity (1.46 mS·cm−1) at −90 °C, and remains liquid at −110 °C. Consequently, 4.5 V graphite-based pouch cells achieve ~98% capacity over 200 cycles at −10 °C without lithium dendrite. These cells also retain ~60% of their room-temperature discharge capacity at −70 °C, and miraculously retain discharge functionality even at ~−100 °C after being fully charged at 25 °C. This strategy of disrupting solvation dominance of ethylene-carbonate through molecular charge engineering, opens new avenues for advanced electrolyte design.
Identification of inulin-responsive bacteria in the gut microbiota via multi-modal activity-based sorting
Authors: Riva Alessandra , Rasoulimehrabani Hamid , Cruz-Rubio José Manuel , Schnorr Stephanie L. , von Baeckmann Cornelia , Inan Deniz , Nikolov Georgi , Herbold Craig W. , Hausmann Bela , Pjevac Petra , Schintlmeister Arno , Spittler Andreas , Palatinszky Márton , Kadunic Aida , Hieger Norbert , Del Favero Giorgia , von Bergen Martin , Jehmlich Nico , Watzka Margarete , Lee Kang Soo , Wiesenbauer Julia , Khadem Sanaz , Viernstein Helmut , Stocker Roman , Wagner Michael , Kaiser Christina , Richter Andreas , Kleitz Freddy , Berry David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrebiotics are defined as non-digestible dietary components that promote the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms. In many cases, however, this capability is not systematically evaluated. Here, we develop a methodology for determining prebiotic-responsive bacteria using the popular dietary supplement inulin. We first identify microbes with a capacity to bind inulin using mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with inulin. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of sorted cells revealed that the ability to bind inulin was widespread in the microbiota. We further evaluate which taxa are metabolically stimulated by inulin and find that diverse taxa from the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria respond to inulin, and several isolates of these taxa can degrade inulin. Incubation with another prebiotic, xylooligosaccharides (XOS), in contrast, shows a more robust bifidogenic effect. Interestingly, the Coriobacteriia Eggerthella lenta and Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens are indirectly stimulated by the inulin degradation process, expanding our knowledge of inulin-responsive bacteria.
Static and dynamic coding in distinct cell types during associative learning in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Ceccarelli Francesco , Ferrucci Lorenzo , Londei Fabrizio , Ramawat Surabhi , Brunamonti Emiliano , Genovesio Aldo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex maintains information in memory through static or dynamic population codes depending on task demands, but whether the population coding schemes used are learning-dependent and differ between cell types is currently unknown. We investigate the population coding properties and temporal stability of neurons recorded from male macaques in two mapping tasks during and after stimulus-response associative learning, and then we use a Strategy task with the same stimuli and responses as control. We identify a heterogeneous population coding for stimuli, responses, and novel associations: static for putative pyramidal cells and dynamic for putative interneurons that show the strongest selectivity for all the variables. The population coding of learned associations shows overall the highest stability driven by cell types, with interneurons changing from dynamic to static coding after successful learning. The results support that prefrontal microcircuitry expresses mixed population coding governed by cell types and changes its stability during associative learning.