bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular behaviour in the first dorsal interosseus following mental fatigue
Authors: Marsala Michael J. , Christie Anita D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe examined sex‐specific changes to neuromuscular function in response to mental fatigue. Twenty‐five young, healthy adults (13 F, 12 M) performed a mentally fatiguing task and control condition for 30 min on two separate days. Neuromuscular function was assessed in the first dorsal interosseous before and after each condition. Reaction time decreased after the mentally fatiguing task (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.47). Males and females reported higher levels of subjective fatigue after the mentally fatiguing task (P < 0.02, η2 = 0.07). Motor unit firing rate increased over time at 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC; P < 0.04, η2 = 0.16), and decreased over time at 50% MVC (P < 0.01, η2 = 0.14); however, this was not unique to either sex. During a variable force contraction, error decreased in females over time and increased in males (P < 0.05, η2 = 0.13), although changes were not unique to mental fatigue. Physiological function of the neuromuscular system was not specifically affected by mental fatigue in males or females.
The Relationships Between External and Internal Training Loads in Mixed Martial Arts
Authors: Kirk Christopher , Langan-Evans Carl , Clark David R. , Morton James P. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: As a multidisciplined combat sport, relationships between external and internal training loads and intensities of mixed martial arts (MMA) have not been described. The aim of this study was to determine the external loads and intensities of MMA training categories and their relationship to internal loads and intensities. Methods: Twenty MMA athletes (age = 23.3 [5.3] y, mass = 72.1 [7.2] kg, stature = 171.5 [8.4] cm) were observed for 2 consecutive weeks. Internal load and intensity (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE]) were calculated using the Foster RPE for the session overall (sRPE-training load [TL]) and segmented RPE (segRPE-TL) for each training category: warm-up, striking drills, wrestling drills, Brazilian jiujitsu (BJJ) drills, striking sparring, wrestling sparring, BJJ sparring, and MMA sparring. External load and intensity were measured via Catapult OptimEye S5 for the full duration of each session using accumulated Playerload (PLdACC) and PLdACC per minute (PLdACC·min−1). Differences in loads between categories and days were assessed via Bayesian analysis of variance (BF10 ≥ 3). Predictive relationships between internal and external variables were calculated using Bayesian regression. Results: Session overall sRPE-TL = 448.6 (191.1) arbitrary units (AU); PLdACC = 310.6 (112) AU. Category segRPE-TL range = 33.8 (22.6) AU (warm-up) to 122.8 (54.6) AU (BJJ drills). Category PLdACC range = 44 (36.3) AU (warm-up) to 125 (58.8) AU (MMA sparring). Neither sRPE-TL nor PLdACC changed between days. PLdACC was different between categories. Evidence for regressions was strong-decisive except for BJJ drills (BF10 = 7, moderate). R2 range = .50 to .77, except for warm-up (R2 = .17), BJJ drills (R2 = .27), BJJ sparring (R2 = .49), and session overall (R2 = .13). Conclusions: While MMA training categories may be differentiated in terms of external load, overall session external load does not change within or between weeks. Resultant regression equations may be used to appropriately plan MMA technical/tactical training loads.
The Influence of a Multistage Mountain-Bike Race on Neuromuscular Activation and Synergies: A Case Study
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Arnold Sarah L. , Thijssen Jordy , van der Schaaf Milou , Engelbrecht Louise , Lamberts Robert P. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: This case study aimed to describe potential changes in neuromuscular activation and synergies after an 8-day cross-country mountain-bike stage race. Methods: A peak power output test was performed 5 days before the race. Two days before the start and after 7 days of racing, the athlete performed a power-based Lamberts Submaximal Cycling Test, including surface electromyography, and completed a Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire. Neuromuscular activation, in terms of root mean square, timing (onset-offset) of muscle activation, and synergies, was obtained from electromyography recordings. Results: The athlete reported an increase in symptoms of experienced stress after the stage race on the Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire. Both biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles showed a reduction in normalized amplitude after the stage race. In addition, the number of synergies that was necessary to describe neuromuscular activation increased from 2 to 3. Conclusions: In this case study, the increase in synergies suggests that, after the stage race, the athlete showed a more complex muscle-recruitment pattern. This may indicate that muscle coordination can change when muscle fatigue occurs; however, further research is needed to confirm these results in a larger sample.
A Program and Session Evaluation of Student-Athletes’ Experiences Participating in a Mental Illness Destigmatization Intervention
Authors: Chow Graig M. , Gabana Nicole T. , Cox Charles , Cooper Brandon T. , Bird Matthew D. 
Published: December 2023

Evidence-based stigma reduction interventions for student-athletes exist, but researchers have focused on assessing their effectiveness with little attention paid to understanding how participants experience such programs. The current study aimed to qualitatively evaluate a mental illness destigmatization intervention delivered to 35 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. The program consisted of four weekly 1 hr empirically based sessions. Program-level results showed that participants increased their understanding of student-athlete mental health and identified actionable ways to combat stigma. Session-level results revealed intervention components impacted knowledge and application consistent with their theoretical underpinnings (i.e., mental health literacy). Practical guidelines based on the findings suggest stigma reduction interventions aimed at student-athletes should provide information specific to the athletic context (i.e., common symptoms experienced by athletes), consider content that moves beyond mental health literacy (e.g., contact-based interventions), and present opportunities for participants to apply what they have learned (i.e., roll play displaying empathy).
The heme oxygenase-1 metalloporphyrin inhibitor stannsoporfin enhances the bactericidal activity of a novel regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a murine model
Authors: Ruelas Castillo Jennie , Neupane Pranita , Karanika Styliani , Krug Stefanie , Quijada Darla , Garcia Andrew , Ayeh Samuel , Yilma Addis , Costa Diego L. , Sher Alan , Fotouhi Nader , Serbina Natalya , Karakousis Petros C. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) poses significant challenges to global tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. Host-directed therapies (HDTs) offer a novel approach to TB treatment by enhancing immune-mediated clearance of Mtb. Prior preclinical studies found that the inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in heme metabolism, with tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) significantly reduced mouse lung bacillary burden when co-administered with the first-line antitubercular regimen. Here, we evaluated the adjunctive HDT activity of a novel HO-1 inhibitor, stannsoporfin (SnMP), in combination with a novel MDR-TB regimen comprising a next-generation diarylquinoline, TBAJ-876 (S), pretomanid (Pa), and a new oxazolidinone, TBI-223 (O) (collectively, SPaO), in Mtb-infected BALB/c mice. After 4 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 5mg/kg reduced mean lung bacillary burden by an additional 0.69 log
10
(
P
= 0.01) relative to SPaO alone. As early as 2 weeks post-treatment initiation, SnMP adjunctive therapy differentially altered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and CD38, a marker of M1 macrophages. Next, we evaluated the sterilizing potential of SnMP adjunctive therapy in a mouse model of microbiological relapse. After 6 weeks of treatment, SPaO + SnMP 10mg/kg reduced lung bacterial burdens to 0.71 ± 0.23 log
10
colony-forming units (CFUs), a 0.78 log-fold greater decrease in lung CFU compared to SpaO alone (
P
= 0.005). However, adjunctive SnMP did not reduce microbiological relapse rates after 5 or 6 weeks of treatment. SnMP was well tolerated and did not significantly alter gross or histological lung pathology. SnMP is a promising HDT candidate requiring further study in combination with regimens for drug-resistant TB.
Defining treatment success in children with surgical conditions
Authors: Rivero-Arias Oliver , Buckell John , Knight Marian , Craig B M , Ramakrishnan Rema , Kenny Simon , Allin Benjamin 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesDevelop a score summarising how successfully a child with any surgical condition has been treated, and test the clinical validity of the score.DesignDiscrete choice experiment (DCE), and secondary analysis of data from six UK-wide prospective cohort studies.Participants253 people with lived experience of childhood surgical conditions, 114 health professionals caring for children with surgical conditions and 753 members of the general population completed the DCE. Data from 1383 children with surgical conditions were used in the secondary analysis.Main outcome measuresNormalised importance value of attribute (NIVA) for number/type of operations, hospital-treated infections, quality of life and duration of survival (reference attribute).ResultsQuality of life and duration of survival were the most important attributes in deciding whether a child had been successfully treated. Parents, carers and previously treated adults placed equal weight on both attributes (NIVA=0.996; 0.798 to 1.194). Healthcare professionals placed more weight on quality of life (NIVA=1.469; 0.950 to 1.987). The general population placed more weight on survival (NIVA=0.823; 95% CI 0.708 to 0.938). The resulting score (the Children’s Surgery Outcome Reporting (CSOR) Treatment Success Score (TSS)) has the best possible value of 1, a value of 0 describes palliation and values less than 0 describe outcomes worse than palliation. CSOR TSSs varied clinically appropriately for infants whose data were included in the UK-wide cohort studies.ConclusionsThe CSOR TSS summarises how successfully children with surgical conditions have been treated, and can therefore be used to compare hospitals’ observed and expected outcomes.
Association of foveal avascular zone change and glaucoma progression
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Moghimi Sasan , Walker Evan , Gunasegaran Gopikasree , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Kamalipour Alireza , Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Zangwill Linda M , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: December 2023

Background/aimsTo investigate the association between longitudinal changes of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the rate of structural and functional progression in glaucoma.MethodsA longitudinal cohort included 115 eyes (46 glaucoma suspect and 66 primary open-angle glaucoma) of 81 patients having ≥2 year follow-up, and ≥4 visits with optical coherence tomography angiography and visual field (VF). Eyes in the longitudinal cohort with a slope greater than that found in 95 percentile of separate healthy test–retest series for FAZ area were categorised into FAZ progressors; all other eyes were defined as FAZ non-progressors. A generalised linear mixed-effect model was used to investigate the association of FAZ progressors with demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsFaster ganglion cell complex (GCC) thinning and faster VF mean deviation (MD) loss were found in eyes with FAZ progressors compared with FAZ non-progressors (mean difference: −0.7 (95% CI, −1.4 to −0.1) µm/y; p=0.026, −0.3 (−0.5 to −0.1) dB/y; p=0.017, respectively), while whole image vessel density was not associated with FAZ progressors (p=0.929). SD of intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP range were also associated with FAZ progressors in separate multivariable models (OR: 1.54 (1.02 to 2.32) per 1 mm Hg higher, p=0.041; OR: 1.20 (1.01 to 1.41) per 1 mm Hg higher; p=0.035, respectively).ConclusionsSignificant FAZ increase was weakly associated with moderately faster rates of both GCC thinning and VF MD loss, but not macular vessel density change in glaucoma eyes. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological associations between macula GCC thinning and FAZ area increases in glaucoma.
Factors affecting the implementation of calcium supplementation strategies during pregnancy to prevent pre-eclampsia: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Cormick Gabriela , Moraa Hellen , Zahroh Rana Islamiah , Allotey John , Rocha Thaís , Peña-Rosas Juan Pablo , Qureshi Zahida P , Hofmeyr G Justus , Mistry Hema , Smits Luc , Vogel Joshua Peter , Palacios Alfredo , Gwako George N , Abalos Edgardo , Larbi Koiwah Koi , Carroli Guillermo , Riley Richard , Snell Kym IE , Thorson Anna , Young Taryn , Betran Ana Pilar , Thangaratinam Shakila , Bohren Meghan A 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesDaily calcium supplements are recommended for pregnant women from 20 weeks’ gestation to prevent pre-eclampsia in populations with low dietary calcium intake. We aimed to improve understanding of barriers and facilitators for calcium supplement intake during pregnancy to prevent pre-eclampsia.DesignMixed-method systematic review, with confidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach.Data sourcesMEDLINE and EMBASE (via Ovid), CINAHL and Global Health (via EBSCO) and grey literature databases were searched up to 17 September 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included primary qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies reporting implementation or use of calcium supplements during pregnancy, excluding calcium fortification and non-primary studies. No restrictions were imposed on settings, language or publication date.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We analysed the qualitative data using thematic synthesis, and quantitative findings were thematically mapped to qualitative findings. We then mapped the results to behavioural change frameworks to identify barriers and facilitators.ResultsEighteen reports from nine studies were included in this review. Women reported barriers to consuming calcium supplements included limited knowledge about calcium supplements and pre-eclampsia, fears and experiences of side effects, varying preferences for tablets, dosing, working schedules, being away from home and taking other supplements. Receiving information regarding pre-eclampsia and safety of calcium supplement use from reliable sources, alternative dosing options, supplement reminders, early antenatal care, free supplements and support from families and communities were reported as facilitators. Healthcare providers felt that consistent messaging about benefits and risks of calcium, training, and ensuring adequate staffing and calcium supply is available would be able to help them in promoting calcium.ConclusionRelevant stakeholders should consider the identified barriers and facilitators when formulating interventions and policies on calcium supplement use. These review findings can inform implementation to ensure effective and equitable provision and scale-up of calcium interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021239143.
Faith-based organisations and their role in supporting vaccine confidence and uptake: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Song Melodie Yunju , Blake-Hepburn Denessia , Fadel Shaza , Allin Sara , Ataullahjan Anushka , Di Ruggiero Erica 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionFaith-based organisations (FBOs) and religious actors increase vaccine confidence and uptake among ethnoracially minoritised communities in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent vaccine rollout, global organisations such as the WHO and UNICEF called for faith-based collaborations with public health agencies (PHAs). As PHA-FBO partnerships emerge to support vaccine uptake, the scoping review aims to: (1) outline intervention typologies and implementation frameworks guiding interventions; (2) describe the roles of PHAs and FBOs in the design, implementation and evaluation of strategies and (3) synthesise outcomes and evaluations of PHA-FBO vaccine uptake initiatives for ethnoracially minoritised communities.Methods and analysisWe will perform six library database searches in PROQUEST-Public Health, OVID MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS- all, PROQUEST - Policy File index; three theses repositories, four website searches, five niche journals and 11 document repositories for public health. These databases will be searched for literature that describe partnerships for vaccine confidence and uptake for ethnoracially minoritised populations, involving at least one PHA and one FBO, published in English from January 2011 to October 2023. Two reviewers will pilot-test 20 articles to refine and finalise the inclusion/exclusion criteria and data extraction template. Four reviewers will independently screen and extract the included full-text articles. An implementation science process framework outlining the design, implementation and evaluation of the interventions will be used to capture the array of partnerships and effectiveness of PHA-FBO vaccine uptake initiatives.Ethics and disseminationThis multiphase Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) project received ethics approval from the University of Toronto. Findings will be translated into a series of written materials for dissemination to CIHR, and collaborating knowledge users (ie, regional and provincial PHAs), and panel presentations at conferences to inform the development of a best-practices framework for increasing vaccine confidence and uptake.
From intentions to practices: what drove people to get the COVID-19 vaccine? Findings from the French longitudinal socioepidemiological cohort survey
Authors: Spire Alexis , Sireyjol Antoine , Bajos Nathalie 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveIn many countries, before COVID-19 vaccines became available, reluctance to get vaccinated was particularly prevalent among women, the most disadvantaged social groups and ethnoracial minorities, known to be at higher risk for the virus. Using a longitudinal perspective, we analyse the social determinants that are associated with the transition from attitudes towards vaccination to actual vaccination practices.DesignRepresentative population-based prospective cohort.SettingsFrom November 2020 to July 2021.ParticipantsAdults included in the Epidemiology and Living Conditions (EpiCoV) cohort (n=86 701).Main outcome measuresAttitudes towards vaccination in November 2020 before COVID-19 vaccines were available in France (in January 2021) and vaccination practices in July 2021.ResultsAmong those who were initially reluctant in November 2020, the youngest, the poorest 10% (OR=0.68, 0.59–0.77), non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.59–0.88) and descendants of non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.61–0.86) were less likely to be vaccinated in July 2021, irrespective of trust in government and scientists. The same social factors were associated with non-vaccination among those who initially were undecided or who favoured vaccination.ConclusionDespite the fact that COVID-19 vaccines were relatively available and free of charge in France in July 2021, social inequalities in vaccination against the virus remained the same than those observed in vaccination reluctance in November 2020, before vaccines were available. While adjusting for trust, migration background, younger age and lower income were associated with lower vaccination uptake irrespective of initial intention. By neglecting to genuinely target specific groups that were initially reluctant to be vaccinated, vaccination policies contributed to strengthening pre-existing social inequalities around COVID-19 burden.
Anaesthesia provision challenges in public hospitals of Pakistan’s Punjab province: a qualitative study of expert perspectives
Authors: Shahbaz Sumbal , Zakar Rubeena , Howard Natasha 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesAnaesthesia delivery in Pakistan remains limited to conventional intraoperative procedures, with research showing ongoing challenges in quality and resourcing. We aimed to identify systemic challenges in the delivery of the WHO-World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists’ (WHO-WFSA) ‘highly recommended’ standards of quality anaesthesia services for surgical support in Pakistan’s Punjab province.Study design and settingThis single-method qualitative study included 22 semistructured interviews with purposively selected anaesthesia system experts in Punjab province, including heads of teaching hospital anaesthesia departments, healthcare commission (HCC) representatives and health department officials. We analysed data thematically, using deductive and inductive coding.Participants10 participants worked as anaesthesia department heads of teaching hospitals across Punjab, 5 worked for the HCC and 7 worked for the health department. All were selected purposively and had at least 5 years of experience working as head of department or serving in legislative departments.ResultsWe identified three themes experienced as major challenges within the specialty, namely anaesthetist recruitment and retention, quality of care and in-service training, and discrepancies between specialities. Findings indicated that workforce shortages and maldistribution, insufficient in-service training and standards, inadequate equipment maintenance and lack of anaesthesia representation in decision-making compromised anaesthesia provision quality and safety.ConclusionsImproving anaesthesia provision in Punjab would require increasing physician and non-physician anaesthetist numbers and rotation to peripheral postings, strengthening training quality and ensuring availability of WFSA-specified essential equipment and supplies. To achieve essential anaesthesia provision standards, policy interventions are needed to, for example, balance anaesthesiologist and surgeon/obstetrician-gynaecologist numbers, require that anaesthesiology postgraduates work a few years in-country (eg, scholarship bonds), ensure in-service training attendance for skills updates and implement quality assurance standards for equipment and supplies.