bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a startle on heart rate in patients with multiple system atrophy
Authors: Valls‐Solé Josep , Veciana Misericordia , Leon Lucia , Valldeoriola Francesc 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe patient cooperation usually required for neurophysiological assessment of autonomic cardioregulatory function is difficult to obtain from patients with bradykinesia. A particularly interesting condition occurs in multiple system atrophy (MSA), which features both bradykinesia and autonomic dysfunction. Another characteristic of patients with MSA is their normal motor reaction to a startling stimulus. We used startle as a stimulus for testing autonomic cardioregulatory function in patients with MSA, thus avoiding the need for patient cooperation. In 10 healthy volunteers and 8 MSA patients, we recorded the electrocardiographic QRS complex with surface electrodes attached over the chest and delivered an acoustic startle stimulus after 8 seconds of baseline recording. We calculated the ratio between the pre‐stimulus and the post‐stimulus heart beat intervals (R–R ratio) by dividing the mean prestimulus R–R interval by the shortest R–R interval obtained within 10 seconds poststimulus. Healthy volunteers had a significant shortening of the R–R interval. The peak of the effect occurred after 2 to 5 seconds, with a mean R–R ratio of 1.14 (S.D. = 0.09). In contrast, R–R shortening was markedly reduced in patients, even though they had a normal motor response. The mean R–R ratio in patients was 1.03 (S.D. = 0.03), significantly lower than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.01). Our results demonstrate an abnormally reduced modulation of the heart beat frequency in patients with MSA, compatible with a dysfunction on pathways responsible for autonomic regulation. The method described here may be useful in the assessment of cardioregulatory function in poorly cooperative patients with normal startle responses. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Health‐Related quality of life in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease treated with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei
Authors: Just Helle , Ostergaard Karen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which there is as yet no cure. It affects many aspects of patients' lives, only some of which can be monitored by available clinical rating scales. In the past decade, there has been a new emphasis on the use of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures to describe patient response to treatment. We describe patient‐reported HRQOL in subjects who underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nuclei (STN) for the treatment of PD, compared with a similar group of subjects who did not receive surgical treatment. A consecutive series of patients (n = 11) with advanced idiopathic PD were treated with DBS of the STN. This surgically treated group was compared prospectively with a similar group of patients (n =13) awaiting surgery. Self‐reported HRQOL, measured by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39) was evaluated at three time periods T0, T3, and T6. The surgery group was evaluated according to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Sale (UPDRS) before (T0), 3 (T3), and 6 months (T6) after surgery. HRQOL, UPDRS part II and III, duration of off periods, and dyskinesias improved significantly from T0 to T3 and from T0 to T6 for the surgery group but not for the nonsurgery group. Ten of the 11 patients treated with DBS of the STN reported a lower summary score (indicating better HRQOL) 6 months after surgery. The results of this prospective controlled study suggest that patients with advanced idiopathic PD treated with DBS of the STN obtain significant improvements in patient reported HRQOL and in clinical outcomes 3 and 6 months after surgery. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Friedreich's ataxia with chorea and myoclonus caused by a compound heterozygosity for a novel deletion and the trinucleotide GAA expansion
Authors: Zhu Danqing , Burke Christopher , Leslie Anthony , Nicholson Garth A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFriedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common hereditary ataxia, affecting about 1 in 50,000 individuals. It is caused by mutations in the frataxin gene; 98% of cases have homozygous expansions of a GAA trinucleotide in intron 1 of the frataxin gene. The remaining 2% of patients are compound heterozygotes, who have a GAA repeat expansion in one allele and a point mutation in the other allele. FRDA patients with point mutation have been suggested to have atypical clinical features. We present a case of compound heterozygotes in a FRDA patient who has a deletion of one T in the start codon (ATG) of the frataxin gene and a GAA repeat expansion in the other allele. The patient presented with chorea and subsequently developed FRDA symptoms. The disease in this case is the result of both a failure of initiation of translation and the effect of the expansion. This novel mutation extends the range of point mutations seen in FRDA patients, and also broadens the spectrum of FRDA genotype associated with chorea. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of stroke in Parkinson's disease: A postmortem study
Authors: Mastaglia Frank L. , Johnsen Russell D. , Kakulas Byron A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe results of previous epidemiological studies of the relationship between Parkinson's disease and stroke have been conflicting; some showing a reduced risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke during life, and others indicating an increased likelihood of stroke‐related death. We compared the frequency of cerebral infarcts and haemorrhages at postmortem in 100 cases of pathologically verified idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 100 age‐matched control brains. No significant differences were found in the numbers of infarcts or haemorrhages or stroke‐related deaths between the two groups. Our findings do not indicate either a protective effect against stroke, or a greater susceptibility to death from stroke, in the population studied. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Lower limb replantations: Indications and a new scoring system
Authors: Battiston Bruno , Tos Pierluigi , Pontini Italo , Ferrero Sebastiano 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe need for reconstruction of lower limb amputations is increasing, due to high‐energy trauma in road accidents and work‐related injuries. The indication for lower limb replantation is still controversial. Compared with upper limb replantations, indications are more select due to the frequent complications in lower limb salvage procedures, such as severe general complications or local complications such as necrosis, infections, nonunions, the need for secondary lengthening, or other reconstructive procedures. The satisfactory results given by artificial prosthesis, such as quicker recovery time and fewer secondary procedures, also contribute to the higher degree of selection for lower limb replantation candidates. Since 1993, we have replanted 14 amputations of the lower limb in 12 patients, including 2 bilateral cases. Although survival of the replanted segment was obtained in all patients, 5 cases were subsequently amputated for severe secondary complications. Of the remaining 9 cases, evaluated by means of Chen criteria, 7 had good results (3 Chen I and 4 Chen II), 1 sufficient (Chen III), and 1 poor (Chen IV). The best results were obtained in young patients. Our experience led us to examine the necessity for careful, objective patient selection. We developed a score evaluation system by modifying the international classifying method for severe limb traumas (mangled extremity severity score, or MESS system). This relatively simple system, based on the retrospective study of our cases, considers several parameters (patient's age, general conditions, level and type of lesion, time of injury, and associated lesions), giving each one a score. The total score gives the indication for replantation, predicts the functional outcome, and facilitates decision‐making. © 2002 Wiley Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:187–192 2002
Tilted beam slot loop antenna
Authors: Subbarao B. , Fusco V. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis Letter describes a slot loop antenna that is partially short circuited in order to create beam tilt in the far‐field radiation for the purpose of reduced SAR. Here the characteristics of a partly shorted slot loop constructed on low‐dielectric‐constant PCB material, εr = 2.33 designed to operate at 2400 MHz are illustrated. The loop is fed from a microstrip line, removing the requirement for the balun feed arrangement normally required for loop antennas. The resulting antenna exhibits a 30° beam tilt and has an estimated gain of 6 dBi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 332–333, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10453
Parasitic suppression in high‐Q‐factor dielectric loaded cavity filters
Authors: Simeoni Massimiliano , Verdeyme Serge , Guillon Pierre , Sorrentino Roberto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA principle to suppress parasitic transmission peak occurrence in high‐Q‐factor dielectric‐loaded cavity filters is presented in this Letter. As an example a two–pole filter, using an original structure, is presented and realized. Experimental results fully confirm the predicted behavior of the cavity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 344–347, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10458
On the calculation of safety distances for human exposure to electromagnetic fields from base‐station antennas
Authors: Martínez‐Búrdalo M. , Nonídez L. , Martín A. , Villar R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe validity of simple formulas based on cylindrical and far‐field approximation models for calculating minimum safety distances for the assessment of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from base station antennas is analyzed by comparing with FDTD computations. Results for different actual antenna models show the suitability of each formulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 364–367, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10463
CAD model analysis of the air‐gap type TFBAR
Authors: Kim Kun‐Wook , Yook Jong‐Gwan , Park Han‐Kyu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA CAD model for an air‐gap‐type TFBAR is presented. Aluminum nitride is used as the piezoelectric material with platinum electrodes. To verify the model, simulated and measured results are compared for various top electrode thicknesses, and the agreement is within 0.5% for the parallel resonance frequency. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 384–385, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10469
A CPWG‐fed dual‐frequency rectangular patch antenna
Authors: Chen Jin‐Sen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDesign of a rectangular coplanar patch antenna for obtaining dual‐frequency operation using a coplanar waveguide with ground (CPWG) feed is presented. This is achieved by introducing an CPWG feed line attaching on the diagonal of the patch. Details of the proposed designs are described, and experimental and theoretical results are presented and discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 397–398, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10473
17O, 13C and 1H NMR and IR spectral study of crowded ketones: possible intramolecular C—H···O interactions
Authors: Qin Xu‐rong , Ishizuka Yasuko , Lomas John S. , Tezuka Takahiro , Nakanishi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUnusual behaviour was observed in the study of the 17O, 13C and 1H NMR and IR spectra of crowded (1‐adamantyl)alkyl ketones. As the size of the alkyl substituent is increased, abnormal upfield chemical shifts in the 13C NMR and downfield shifts in the 17O NMR of the carbonyl group, as well as downfield shifts in the 1H NMR of the adamantyl γ'‐protons, are found. In the IR spectrum, the νCO stretching frequencies of the ketones with bulky substituents show considerable red shifts. Correlation of the NMR shifts with the number of γ‐carbon atoms of the alkyl substituents and comparison with the IR results indicated that there is an intramolecular through‐space CH···O interaction in crowded ketones. This was supported by the results of ab initio calculations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The phenotypic consequences of MECP2 mutations extend beyond rett syndrome
Authors: Hammer Sara , Dorrani Naghmeh , Dragich Joanna , Kudo Shinichi , Schanen Carolyn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough MECP2 was initially identified as the causative gene in classic Rett syndrome (RTT), the gene has now been implicated in several phenotypes that extend well beyond the clinically defined disorder. MECP2 mutations have been found in people with various disorders, including neonatal onset encephalopathy, X‐linked recessive mental retardation (MRX), classic and atypical RTT, autism, and Angelman syndrome, as well as mildly affected females and normal carrier females. To make matters more complex, in approximately 20% of classic sporadic RTT cases and more than 50% of affected sister pairs, no mutation in MECP2 has been found. X‐chromosome inactivation patterns can clearly affect the phenotypic expression in females, while the effect of the type and position of the mutation is more apparent in the broader phenotype than in RTT. Both males and females are at risk, although an excess of paternally derived mutations are found in most cases of classic RTT. Thus, because of the range of disparate phenotypes, the gene may account for a relatively large portion of mental retardation in the population. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:94–98. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct reconstruction of MR images from data acquired on a non‐Cartesian grid using an equal‐phase‐line algorithm
Authors: Qian Yongxian , Lin Jiarui , Jin Deqin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe equal‐phase line (EPL) algorithm is proposed as a means of allowing rapid Fourier transform (FT) reconstruction of MR image data acquired on a non‐Cartesian grid. The pixels on the image are grouped according to their positions. The pixels in a group have the same phase in the complex exponential function −exp[j2π(xu + yv)] and receive the same contribution from a data point. Each group is related to an EPL in the image space. The contribution of a data point can then be distributed to the pixels along the EPLs. The described EPL algorithm enables a decrease of the reconstruction time to about 40% of the direct FT (DrFT) for the non‐Cartesian data. A numerical phantom and two sets of in vivo spiral data were used to investigate an optimal number of the EPLs and to measure the reconstruction time. The EPL algorithm runs nearly as fast as the look‐up table (LUT) method (Dale et al. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2001;20:207–217), but it does not require a large memory to store the coefficients in advance, as is required in the LUT method. Thus, the EPL algorithm can be used to reconstruct images up to 512 × 512 pixels in size in a PC of limited memory, and may be more conveniently applied to a multiprocessor system. Magn Reson Med 47:1228–1233, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perfusion quantification using Gaussian process deconvolution
Authors: Andersen I.K. , Szymkowiak A. , Rasmussen C.E. , Hanson L.G. , Marstrand J.R. , Larsson H.B.W. , Hansen L.K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe quantification of perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC‐MRI) requires deconvolution to obtain the residual impulse response function (IRF). In this work, a method using the Gaussian process for deconvolution (GPD) is proposed. The fact that the IRF is smooth is incorporated as a constraint in the method. The GPD method, which automatically estimates the noise level in each voxel, has the advantage that model parameters are optimized automatically. The GPD is compared to singular value decomposition (SVD) using a common threshold for the singular values, and to SVD using a threshold optimized according to the noise level in each voxel. The comparison is carried out using artificial data as well as data from healthy volunteers. It is shown that GPD is comparable to SVD with a variable optimized threshold when determining the maximum of the IRF, which is directly related to the perfusion. GPD provides a better estimate of the entire IRF. As the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) increases or the time resolution of the measurements increases, GPD is shown to be superior to SVD. This is also found for large distribution volumes. Magn Reson Med 48:351–361, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motor unit activation order during electrically evoked contractions of paralyzed or partially paralyzed muscles
Authors: Thomas Christine K. , Nelson Gary , Than Lara , Zijdewind Inge 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe activation order of motor units during electrically evoked contractions of paralyzed or partially paralyzed thenar muscles was determined in seven subjects with chronic cervical spinal cord injury. The median nerve was stimulated percutaneously with pulses of graded intensity to produce increments in the compound electromyogram (EMG) and force. Each increment corresponded to the activation of another unit. The evoked unit EMG and force was obtained by digital subtraction. The thenar muscles had between 15 and 83 units (26 ± 19) that produced 114.3 ± 127.1 mN force (n = 290). In six subjects, a significant positive correlation was found between activation order and unit force indicating that weaker units were excited before stronger units. These data are contrary to the notion that a reversal of unit activation order occurs during evoked versus voluntary contractions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Relative distribution of three major lactate transporters in frozen human tissues and their localization in unfixed skeletal muscle
Authors: Fishbein William N. , Merezhinskaya Natalya , Foellmer John W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have prepared affinity‐purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the near‐C‐terminal peptides of human monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 1, 2, and 4 coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Each antiserum reacted only with its specific peptide antigen and gave a distinct molecular weight band (blocked by preincubation with antigen) after chemiluminescence reaction on Western blots from sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of tissue membrane proteins. Densitometry showed distinctive expression patterns for each MCT in a panel of 15 frozen human tissues, with the distribution of MCT1 ≫L:MCT2>MCT4. Fluorescence microscopy of unfixed skeletal muscle using fluorescein‐conjugated secondary antibody was correlated with reverse adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) stained sequential sections to identify fiber‐type localization. MCT1 expression was high in the sarcolemma of type 1 fibers, modest to low in type 2a fibers, and almost absent in type 2b fibers. In contrast, MCT4 expression was low to absent in the membrane of most type 1 fibers, but high in most 2a and in all 2b fibers, favoring the view that their high lactate levels during work may be channeled in part to neighboring type 1 (and perhaps 2a) fibers for oxidation, thereby delaying fatigue. MCT2 expression was limited to the sarcolemma of a type 1 fiber subset, which varied from <5 to 40%, depending on the specific muscle under study. Quantitative chemiluminescent densitometry of 10 muscle biopsies for their MCT2 and MCT4 content, each normalized to MCT1, confirmed the unique variation of MCT2 expression with biopsy site. The application of these antibodies should add to the understanding of motor unit physiology, and may contribute to the muscle‐biopsy assessment of low‐level denervation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 101–112, 2002
Effect of sympathetic muscle vasoconstrictor activity on capsaicin‐induced muscle pain
Authors: Wasner Gunnar , Bréchôt Alexander , Schattschneider Jörn , Allardt Arne , Binder Andreas , Jensen Troels S. , Baron Ralf 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeuropathic pain syndromes with sympathetically maintained pain are often associated with a deep somatic pain component. An adrenergic interaction between sympathetic vasoconstrictor neurons and cutaneous afferents has been demonstrated. To determine whether a sympathetic–afferent interaction exists in deep somatic tissues, we investigated the effect of sympathetic muscle vasoconstrictor activity on experimentally induced pain. In 12 healthy volunteers, capsaicin was infused into the anterior tibial muscle. Intensity and quality of muscle and referred pain were assessed. The analyses were performed during the presence of low sympathetic muscle vasoconstrictor activity induced by breathing 100% O2 gas (normocapnia), and during high activity induced by inspiration of 95% O2 and 5% CO2 (hypercapnia). The degree of sympathetic muscle vasoconstrictor discharge was monitored indirectly by measuring systemic blood pressure and end‐expiratory CO2 and by performing duplex sonography of muscle resistance vessels. The intensity, quality, and spatial distribution of muscle and referred pain were not significantly different during resting and increased sympathetic muscle vasoconstrictor discharge, indicating that such activity does not influence pain after intramuscular infusion of capsaicin. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 113–121, 2002
Interactions between endogenous nitric oxide and hypoxemia in activation of group IV muscle afferents
Authors: Arbogast Sandrine , Darques Jean Luc , Jammes Yves 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt has previously been shown that both hypoxemia and nitric oxide (NO) synthase blockade depress the activation of group IV muscle afferents after muscle stimulation (MS). In the present study, we questioned whether hypoxemia exerts a specific inhibitory influence, independently from its effects on endogenous NO formation. This hypothesis was tested in two groups of anesthetized rabbits in which we examined the effects of hypoxemia, and then of subsequent NO synthase blockade by NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), and vice versa. In each protocol, group IV afferent activity was recorded from the resting tibialis anterior muscle and after 3‐min periods of MS that elicited a significant decrease in muscle force. NO synthase blockade in normoxemia suppressed the group IV afferent response to MS, and hypoxemia alone significantly reduced the post‐MS activation of these nerve afferents (+18% vs. +28% in normoxemia). In hypoxemic rabbits, further NO synthase blockade abolished the post‐MS activation of group IV afferents. Moreover, when hypoxemia followed the NO synthase blockade, MS significantly reduced the discharge of group IV afferents (−28%). Thus, while these muscle afferents are activated after fatiguing muscle contractions when the endogenous NO production is present, they are deactivated by hypoxemia when NO production is blocked. We conclude that endogenous NO production and hypoxemia exert opposite effects on the activation of the group IV afferents. Our data anticipate the neuromuscular side effects of treatments using exogenous NO or drugs acting on endogenous NO production. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 194–200, 2002