bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of guided imagery applied on geriatric orthopaedic patients on preoperative anxiety and comfort
Authors: Gunes Huseyin , Saritas Serdar , Ozdemir Ahmet , Bulbul Ali Savas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to examine the effect of guided imagery applied to geriatric orthopaedic patients on preoperative anxiety and comfort.MethodsThis study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial. The population of the study consisted of geriatric patients treated in the orthopaedics and traumatology clinic of a university hospital. The sample consisted of 80 patients, including the experimental group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 40). Personal Descriptive Form, The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and General Comfort Scale were used as data collection tools.ResultsAfter the guided imagery application, it was determined that the anxiety of the experimental group decreased statistically significantly, and their comfort improved (P < 0.05).ConclusionAfter the imagery, it was determined that the patients in the experimental group had a decrease in their anxiety level and an improvement in their comfort. Since it is a low‐cost and easily accessible method, applying imagery in the preoperative period is recommended.
Medium‐term follow up of active surveillance for early prostate cancer at a non‐academic institution
Authors: Leni Riccardo , Roscigno Marco , Barzaghi Paolo , La Croce Giovanni , Catellani Michele , Saccà Antonino , de Angelis Mario , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Da Pozzo Luigi Filippo 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo report oncological outcomes of active surveillance (AS) at a single non‐academic institution adopting the standardised Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance (PRIAS) protocol.Patients and MethodsCompeting risk analyses estimated the incidence of overall mortality, metastases, conversion to treatment, and grade reclassification. The incidence of reclassification and adverse pathological findings at radical prostatectomy were compared between patients fulfilling all PRIAS inclusion criteria vs those not fulfilling at least one.ResultsWe analysed 341 men with Grade Group 1 prostate cancer (PCa) followed on AS between 2010 and 2022. There were no PCa deaths, two patients developed distant metastases and were alive at the end of the study period. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of metastases was 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–6.4%). A total of 111 men were reclassified, and 127 underwent definitive treatment. Men not fulfilling at least one PRIAS inclusion criteria (n = 43) had a higher incidence of reclassification (subdistribution hazards ratio 1.73, 95% CI 1.07–2.81; P = 0.03), but similar rates of adverse pathological findings at radical prostatectomy.ConclusionMetastases in men on AS at a non‐academic institution are as rare as those reported in established international cohorts. Men followed without stringent inclusion criteria should be counselled about the higher incidence of reclassification and reassured they can expect rates of adverse pathological findings comparable to those fulfilling all criteria. Therefore, AS should be proposed to all men with low‐grade PCa regardless of whether they are followed at academic institutions or smaller community hospitals.
Addressing the overlooked: Integrating oral healthcare in a geriatric care system: Insights from Singapore
Authors: Tada Sayaka , Lee Gabriel Keng Yan , Tay Chong Meng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOral health of the older population has long been overlooked in global healthcare agenda. Limited access to oral healthcare for dependent older adults results in poor oral health, negatively impacting their quality of life, nutrition and overall well‐being. Especially for nations experiencing rapid ageing population, efforts must be urgently made to integrate oral healthcare services into the current healthcare system and policy. Singapore stands out as one of the most rapidly ageing nations in Southeast Asia, achieving remarkable progress in the healthcare field, as well as advancements in social modernization and economic growth. It now faces the growing burden of the dependent older population and is required to respond to the complex challenges associated with providing holistic eldercare services and ensuring the well‐being of its ageing population. This narrative review offers an overview of Singapore's current healthcare policy and system development for the older population, with a specific focus on oral healthcare. The goal is to shed light on this underexplored area, highlighting the challenges that need to be tackled to improve the accessibility of oral health services for dependent older adults.
Contact allergy to acrylate‐containing nail cosmetics: A retrospective 8‐year study
Authors: Steunebrink Iemke M. , de Groot Anton , Rustemeyer Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundOver the last 10 years, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from acrylate‐containing nail cosmetics (acrylic nails, gel nails, gel nail polish) has been reported repeatedly.ObjectivesTo investigate the frequency and clinical features of ACD in nail cosmetics in a university hospital in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study in patients diagnosed with ACD from acrylate‐containing nail cosmetics at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers between January 2015 and August 2023.ResultsSixty‐seven patients, all women, were diagnosed with ACD from nail cosmetics, representing 1.6% of all individuals and 2.3% of all women patch tested in this period. Sixty‐five of sixty‐seven (97%) subjects had a positive patch test to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Forty‐nine patients (73%) were consumers and 18 (27%) were professional nail stylists. The sites most frequently affected with dermatitis were the fingers (79%), hands (40%) and the head and/or neck. Avoidance of contact with acrylate‐containing products resulted in complete clearing of dermatitis in 80% of patients.ConclusionsACD from acrylate‐containing nail cosmetics is frequent in women patch tested in Amsterdam. Nearly all were identified by a positive patch test to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the (meth)acrylate series or the European baseline series.
Comparison of two assessments of real‐world data and real‐world evidence for regulatory decision‐making
Authors: Yuan Lily , Rahman Motiur , Concato John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReal‐world data (RWD) and real‐world evidence (RWE) are increasingly used to support regulatory decision making, but regulatory agencies and stakeholders may apply different definitions for RWD and use different criteria to determine when analysis of such data are considered RWE in decisions on drug approvals. To explore this issue, we reviewed two prominent publications that operationalized the definitions of RWD and RWE when describing the use of RWE in drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Both publications considered noninterventional (observational) studies, RWD as a comparator arm for a single‐arm trial, product‐related literature reviews, and RWD to support clinical trial implementation (e.g., to identify potential participants) as generating RWE. In contrast, inconsistencies were identified regarding types of data sources and study designs that were considered as not generating RWE. For example, a lack of agreement existed regarding whether RWE is generated when RWD describe therapeutic contexts or are used in phase I/II interventional trials, open‐label extension studies, or pharmacovigilance activities. These discrepancies highlight opportunities to develop a consistent understanding of the role of RWE in regulatory decision making for drug approvals among regulatory agencies and stakeholders.
Dermatology practice updates in mycobacterial disease
Authors: Barker Catherine , Alshaikh Hesham , Elston Dirk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtypical mycobacterial infections are commonly acquired through exposure to water, and tuberculosis remains highly endemic in many parts of the world. In this era of global connection, travel, and immigration, it is more important than ever to maintain a high index of suspicion for infection from cutaneous tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria. Epidemics related to surgical procedures have been related to inadequate sterilization, as almost 50% of public water supplies harbor mycobacteria. Improved diagnostic techniques for these microbes, including Auramine–Rhodamine staining and rapid detection of mycobacteria and drug susceptibilities through PCR and MALDI‐TOF, have improved detection and treatment outcomes. Given an increasing number of patients on immunosuppressive therapies, clinicians must remain vigilant.
Effect of sintering temperature on the dielectric properties of 3D‐printed alumina (Al2O3) in the W‐band
Authors: Jenkel Kai‐Daniel , Sánchez‐Pastor Jesús , Baloochian Mohammad Mahdi , Jakoby Rolf , Sakaki Masoud , Jiménez‐Sáez Alejandro , Benson Niels 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis contribution discusses the impact of sintering temperatures on dielectric properties of 3D‐printed alumina (Al2O3) in the W‐band, by evaluating high quality factor (−Q) resonators integrated in a 2D photonic crystal structure. By varying the sintering temperature of the lithography‐based ceramic manufactured (LCM) samples, the microstructure of the material can be defined, which has a direct impact on the dielectric permittivity and material losses. Using a highly accurate photonic crystal structure, with a dimensional variation below 2% from print to print, an accurate extraction and evaluation of the dielectric material properties could be achieved. The relative permittivity of the alumina was tuned from 4.4 at 1250°C to 9.2 at 1650°C, whereas the observed change in dielectric losses was moderate. The maximum in observed dielectric loss for samples sintered at the lowest evaluated temperature, only yields an average value of 30 × 10−4. This demonstrates the versatility of the LCM technology for mm‐ and sub‐mm‐wave applications and its possibilities for material tuneability.
Impact of structural short‐range order and tetrahedral germanium on electronic and dielectric properties in phase‐change materials
Authors: Micoulaut M. , Flores‐Ruiz H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe optoelectronic properties of prototypal Telluride amorphous phase‐change materials (GeTe and Ge2Sb2Te5) are investigated from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Local tetrahedral germanium geometries are identified from topological angular constraint counting and this permits to relate exactly their contribution to targeted properties. The analysis of our computation reveals that the dominant population of tetrahedral Ge contributes to the tail of the valence and conduction band but with an increased electronic localization for the latter, whereas residual (essentially octahedral) geometries induce an overall constant localization at except close to the Fermi gap, where p electrons are largely delocalized. The detailed calculation of the atomic dipoles in the amorphous state indicates that tetrahedral Ge leads to lower momenta, especially in a‐GeTe, and corresponding Ge‐based correlations with Wannier centers also indicate the dual nature of the local geometries. These features which drive optical and dielectric contrast exemplify the unique properties of phase‐change materials, and represent an obvious breakdown of the well‐known Zachariasen rule stating that the short‐range order is similar in crystals and glasses.
Synthesis and pyrolysis of Hf–N–B backbone polymer precursor for HfC/HfB2 composite ceramics
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Han Cheng , Wang Xiaozhou , Wang Yingde 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetallopolymers containing refractory metal in the main chain are highly desired but rarely reported as oxygen‐free single‐source precursors for preparing ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics. Herein, a novel single‐source precursor of poly‐hafnium‐borocarbosilane (PHBCNS) with an Hf–N–B backbone molecular structure was synthesized through the dehalogenation reaction between HfCl4 and B(NHCH3)3. The polymeric Hf–N–B chain with large bond angle and conjugated molecular structure endowed the PHBCNS precursor to be relatively stable, dissolvable, and meltable. Subsequent precursor pyrolysis up to 1800°C resulted in an HfC/HfB2 nanocomposite comprising an Hf content of 87.54 wt%, with the average grain size of HfC and HfB2 to be 34.9 and 74.1 nm, respectively. The ceramization mechanism and phase evolution from the PHBCNS precursor to HfC/HfB2 composite ceramics were thoroughly investigated. This work not only highlights a novel Hf–N–B backbone polymer with high metal content and good shaping properties but also provides fresh insights of designing single‐source precursors for ultrahigh‐temperature composite ceramics.
The agency costs of investment opportunities and debt contracting: Evidence from exogenous shocks to government spending
Authors: Callen Jeffrey L. , Chy Mahfuz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of macroeconomic shocks to firm investment opportunities on firm debt contracting policy. We find that adverse shocks to investment opportunities lead to a significant reduction in the use of debt covenants in syndicated bank loans. Consistent with incomplete contract theory, we show that firms mitigate debt–equity conflicts arising out of investment opportunities by employing accounting‐based financial covenants rather than non‐accounting‐based prepayment covenants. Adverse shocks to investment opportunities also lead to a concomitant decrease in the cost of borrowing. We find consistent evidence for corporate bond covenants and bond market borrowing costs as well. Overall, this study resolves prior mixed evidence concerning the impact of investment opportunities on debt contracting and connects macroeconomic theory with the accounting literature on debt contracting.
Approaching inselberg biodiversity conservation through plant growth and dispersal strategies
Authors: Bondi Luiz , Patreze Camila M. , Louro Ricardo P. , Santiago Laura Jane M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimate change is promoting global declines in plant diversity, which are expected to be more critical in islands or island‐like ecosystems due to environmental constraints and isolation. The species' vulnerability to climate change (VUL) depends on their ability to cope with changes or mitigate them. Therefore, we investigate the influence of growth and dispersal strategies of species from the Sugarloaf Rock Complex, Brazil, an island‐like ecosystem, on their niche breadth (NB), long‐dispersal (LD) capacity, and geographical range (GR). Besides, we evaluate the potential use of these strategies as indicators of species' VUL. We found that rock specialists exhibit narrower NB, lower LD capacity, and a more restricted GR when compared to other species. We also found that 63% of rock specialists are found in conservation red‐lists and they are more vulnerable to climate change than woody plants. Conversely, self‐dispersed plants are expected to be less vulnerable to climate change when compared to species with other dispersal mechanisms. Species vulnerable to climate change are 14 times more likely to be included in conservation red lists, and it might indicate that the species' VUL might also describe the species' vulnerability to other anthropogenic threats. Still, we suggest conservation attention on some species that are expected to be vulnerable to climate change but were not yet included in conservation red lists. We advocate for more efforts to ensure the conservation aspects of different functional groups in which inselbergs might not only offer isolation but also a refuge opportunity.
Small mammal associations with habitat composition, configuration, and management in tallgrass prairies: a review
Authors: Rowland‐Schaefer Erin G. , Koehn Olivia , Jones Holly P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Tallgrass prairie is among the most threatened ecosystems but is often fragmented and surrounded by human‐modified landscapes. Small mammals are integral components of tallgrass prairies. However, little is known about how landscape composition, configuration, and management impact small mammals in tallgrass prairies.

We conducted a systematic literature review to identify species‐specific and community associations with three broad topics: landscape composition, landscape configuration, and management practices.

We identified 61 studies that assessed our variables of interest. We categorised the location, species assessed, variables monitored, and results by species and for the community.

The majority of studies (64%) were conducted in two states, Illinois and Kansas. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), and white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) showed specific associations with landscape variables, with deer mice preferring bare ground and recently burned plots, and prairie voles preferring thatch and negatively associated with prescribed fire. White‐footed mice were frequently associated with wooded areas.

Small mammal biodiversity was positively associated with patchy habitats containing greater diversity in vegetative composition and management regime. Management and land composition were both relatively well studied for several species; habitat configuration was understudied.

We identified significant gaps in our understanding of small mammal landscape ecology in tallgrass prairies. With tallgrass prairie restoration a growing trend in this region, a greater understanding of drivers of small mammal populations will be crucial to successful restoration efforts. Future research should focus on understudied areas and species, and examine how habitat heterogeneity impacts small mammal biodiversity.
The Pasinetti theorem in a task‐based model of automation
Authors: Jacobs Arthur 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe integrate the notion of task‐based automation into a two‐class model and study the interaction between endogenous automation and the wealth distribution between capitalists and workers. We find that, as the economy becomes more automated, the possibility of a sustained capitalist class naturally arises. We show that capital‐augmenting technical progress induces automation and that it can generate a historical path from the dual equilibrium (where workers own all wealth), over the Pasinetti equilibrium (where capitalists own some wealth) to the anti‐dual outcome (where capitalists own all wealth). The model's implications are related to Piketty's account of rising wealth inequality.
Identifying diagnostic and prognostic factors in cerebral amyloid angiopathy‐related inflammation: A systematic analysis of published and seven new cases
Authors: Szalardy Levente , Fakan Bernadett , Maszlag‐Torok Rita , Ferencz Emil , Reisz Zita , Radics Bence L. , Csizmadia Sandor , Szpisjak Laszlo , Annus Adam , Zadori Denes , Kovacs Gabor G. , Klivenyi Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)‐related inflammation (CAA‐RI) is a potentially reversible manifestation of CAA, histopathologically characterised by transmural and/or perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. We aimed to identify clinical, radiological and laboratory variables capable of improving or supporting the diagnosis of or predicting/influencing the prognosis of CAA‐RI and to retrospectively evaluate different therapeutic approaches.MethodsWe present clinical and neuroradiological observations in seven unpublished CAA‐RI cases, including neuropathological findings in two definite cases. These cases were included in a systematic analysis of probable/definite CAA‐RI cases published in the literature up to 31 December 2021. Descriptive and associative analyses were performed, including a set of clinical, radiological and laboratory variables to predict short‐term, 6‐month and 1‐year outcomes and mortality, first on definite and second on an expanded probable/definite CAA‐RI cohort.ResultsData on 205 definite and 100 probable cases were analysed. CAA‐RI had a younger symptomatic onset than non‐inflammatory CAA, without sex preference. Transmural histology was more likely to be associated with the co‐localisation of microbleeds with confluent white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Incorporating leptomeningeal enhancement and/or sulcal non‐nulling on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) enhanced the sensitivity of the criteria. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was associated with a decreased probability of clinical improvement and longer term positive outcomes. Future lobar haemorrhage was associated with adverse outcomes, including mortality. Immunosuppression was associated with short‐term improvement, with less clear effects on long‐term outcomes. The superiority of high‐dose over low‐dose corticosteroids was not established.ConclusionsThis is the largest retrospective associative analysis of published CAA‐RI cases and the first to include an expanded probable/definite cohort to identify diagnostic/prognostic markers. We propose points for further crystallisation of the criteria and directions for future prospective studies.
Wall‐associated kinase GhWAK13 mediates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Jia Shuangjie , He Yiming , Wen Jingshang , Li Dongxiao , Yang Wan , Yue Ying , Li Huiling , Cheng Kai , Zhang Xiao 
Published: December 2023

Summary

The cell wall is the major interface for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. However, the roles of cell wall proteins and cell wall synthesis in AM symbiosis remain unclear. We reported that a novel wall‐associated kinase 13 (GhWAK13) positively regulates AM symbiosis and negatively regulates Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.

GhWAK13 transcription was induced by AM symbiosis and Verticillium dahliae (VD) infection. GhWAK13 is located in the plasma membrane and expressed in the arbuscule‐containing cortical cells of mycorrhizal cotton roots.

GhWAK13 silencing inhibited AM colonization and repressed gene expression of the mycorrhizal pathway. Moreover, GhWAK13 silencing improved Verticillium wilt resistance and triggered the expression of immunity genes. Therefore, GhWAK13 is considered an immune suppressor required for AM symbiosis and disease resistance. GhWAK7A, a positive regulator of Verticillium wilt resistance, was upregulated in GhWAK13‐silenced cotton plants. Silencing GhWAK7A improved AM symbiosis. Oligogalacturonides application also suppressed AM symbiosis. Finally, GhWAK13 negatively affected the cellulose content by regulating the transcription of cellulose synthase genes.

The results of this study suggest that immunity suppresses AM symbiosis in cotton. GhWAK13 affects AM symbiosis by suppressing immune responses.