bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of volatile compounds and sensory analysis of three blends of coffee: influence of different proportions of Arabica and Robusta and influence of roasting coffee with sugar
Authors: Sanz Cristina , Maeztu Laura , Zapelena Ma Jose , Bello José , Cid Concepción 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOne hundred and forty‐six volatile compounds were identified and quantified using a static headspace sampler in three blends of coffee: Arabica/Robusta 80:20 (A80:R20) natural roasted coffee, Arabica/Robusta 20:80 (A20:R80) natural roasted coffee and Arabica/Robusta 20:80 with 50% of Robusta coffee roasted with sugar (A20:R80 50% Torrefacto). The different proportion of Arabica and Robusta coffee in the blend A80:R20 versus A20:R80 influenced the amounts of 20 chemical families of volatile compounds. Aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, pyrroles, pyrazines, furans, thiazoles, thiophenes, esters, oxazoles, lactones, sulphur compounds, pyridines, alkanes, alkenes, phenolic compounds, benzenic compounds, acids, pyranones and terpenes were present in higher quantities in the sample containing 80% of Arabica coffee, whereas sulphur compounds were more abundant in the coffee with 80% of Robusta. Sensory differences were also found between the two blends of coffee in the burnt, caramel, nutty, earthy and roasty notes. Torrefacto coffee, widely consumed in Spain, is obtained by roasting coffee with sugar. Higher quantities of ketones, alcohols, pyrazines, furans, pyridines, alkanes, phenolic compounds, pyranones and terpenes were found in the blend A20:R80 50% Torrefacto coffee versus A20:R80 natural roasted coffee. These differences in the volatile fraction were perceived by our panellists in the intensities of the nutty, roasty, earthy, burnt and caramel notes.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Methods for the preparation of cell walls from potatoes
Authors: Jardine W G , Doeswijk‐Voragen C H L , MacKinnon I M R , van den Broek L A M , Ha M A , Jarvis M C , Voragen A G J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA group of new methods is described for preparing cell walls from potatoes and processed potato products. Starting from raw domestic potatoes, starch is degraded enzymatically after a very brief 100 °C gelatinisation step conducted after homogenisation to minimise the time required for heat transfer. Protein is removed by detergent and phenol extraction. This procedure (method 1) gave cell wall preparations containing <5% starch, with minimal degradation of wall polysaccharides. It did not, however, remove starch efficiently from industrial potatoes in which the starch content is much higher. A different procedure, method 2, was used in this case. In method 2 a 20 min starch gelatinisation step was used but the temperature was restricted to 70 °C and the pH to 4.0, with the aim of protecting pectins from depolymerisation. Method 2 and method 1A, which is a hybrid procedure involving the starch gelatinisation step from method 2 and other steps from method 1, gave low‐starch cell walls from industrial as well as domestic potatoes. These methods are suitable for a range of potato types and potato products and are either more efficient or more convenient than previous procedures for cell wall isolation.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Transfer of heat and moisture during oven baking of potatoes
Authors: Wilson W D , MacKinnon I M , Jarvis M C 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPotatoes were baked for up to 60 min in a conventional fan‐assisted oven. Temperature profiles within the potato tubers were determined both by direct measurement and by following the inward progress of starch gelatinisation, which occurs at 65 °C. Temperature profiles with time were S‐shaped and about 30 min was needed for the centre to reach 100 °C. From the nature of the temperature profiles, long potato tubers will cook faster than round tubers of the same weight, and a varietal ‘shape factor’ was defined to quantify this effect. The slow temperature rise, compared to other forms of cooking, was due to evaporative cooling. Moisture loss was linear with time after an initial lag and reached 15–20% of the mass of the potato after 1 h of cooking. Approximately half of the moisture was lost from the outermost layer of the potato under the periderm, leaving behind a dried layer of flesh that appeared to restrict water transport and, unlike any other part of the potato, could exceed 100 °C. This has consequences for the thermal development of flavour compounds as well as for perceived texture.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Loss of ascorbic acid during storage of Conference pears in relation to the appearance of brown heart
Authors: Eccher Zerbini Paola , Rizzolo Anna , Brambilla Ada , Cambiaghi Paola , Grassi Maurizio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo investigate the causes of brown heart (BH) in Conference pears, the contents of ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) in fruits were studied during the first period of storage. AA was studied in 1999 and 2000, DHAA in 1999 only. Pears from normal and very late harvest stored immediately or after a delay in a controlled atmosphere with 2% O2 and low (0.7%) or high (5%) CO2 were compared. DHAA content did not change during storage in any treatment. AA decreased in storage according to an exponential model. The rate of AA loss was different in the two years and was higher in late‐harvest fruits and in those stored in 5% CO2. BH appeared in different treatments when AA decreased below a threshold, which was about 2 mg kg−1 fresh weight, corresponding to 5% of the AA content at harvest. The frequency and severity of symptoms depended linearly on the time spent by fruits in low‐ascorbate conditions. Advanced maturity at harvest and storage in high CO2 determine the appearance of BH and increase the rate of AA loss, probably through a reduction in the turnover of antioxidants.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between free amino acids and glucosinolates in primary and secondary inflorescences of 11 broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var italica) cultivars grown in early and late seasons
Authors: Rosa Eduardo , Gomes M Helena 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAmino acids have been identified as the precursors of a class of secondary plant metabolites, the glucosinolates, but there is no report on the relationship between the two in vivo. In this work we have investigated the relationship between free amino acids and glucosinolates in 11 broccoli cultivars grown in early (April–July) and late (August–January) seasons. Free amino acids and glucosinolates were quantified by HPLC in primary and secondary inflorescences at maturity stage. Analysis of the data revealed that no significant correlation exists between free amino acids and glucosinolates, suggesting that the precursors of these compounds might be used during the first step of the biosynthetic process to form intermediates, the aldoximes and thiohydroximates, which will then be used in the second stage of the biosynthesis to form, apart from glucosinolates, other secondary plant metabolites.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Sole brachytherapy of the tumor bed after conservative surgery for T1 breast cancer: Five‐year results of a phase I–II study and initial findings of a randomized phase III trial
Authors: Polgár Csaba , Sulyok Zoltán , Fodor János , Orosz Zsolt , Major Tibor , Takácsi‐Nagy Zoltán , Mangel László C. , Somogyi András , Kásler Miklós , Németh György 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to test the feasibility of sole interstitial high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR‐BT) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) for T1 breast cancer in a phase I–II study, and to present the initial findings of a phase III trial comparing the efficacy of tumor bed radiotherapy (TBRT) alone with conventional whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT).MethodsForty‐five prospectively selected patients with T1 breast cancer undergoing BCS were enrolled into a phase I–II study of TBRT alone, using interstitial HDR implants. HDR‐BT of 7 × 4.33 Gy (n = 8) and 7 × 5.2 Gy (n = 37) was delivered to the tumor bed. Based on the results of this phase I–II study, a further 126 patients were randomized to receive 50 Gy WBRT (n = 63) or TBRT alone (n = 63); the latter consisted of either 7 × 5.2 Gy HDR‐BT (n = 46) or 50‐Gy wide‐field electron irradiation (n = 17). Breast cancer related events and side effects were assessed.ResultsIn the phase I–II study, at a median follow‐up of 57 months, 2 (4.4%) local, 3 (6.7%) axillary, and 3 (6.7%) distant failures were observed. Two patients (4.4%) died of breast cancer. The 5‐year probability of cancer‐specific, relapse‐free and local recurrence‐free survival was 90.0%, 85.9%, and 95.6%, respectively. The cosmetic results were judged to be excellent in 44 of 45 patients (97.8%). Severe (higher than grade 2) skin sequelae or fibrosis was not found. Symptomatic fat necrosis occurred in one patient (2.2%). In the phase III study, at a median follow‐up of 30 months, the locoregional tumor control was 100% in both arms. The 3‐year probability of cancer‐specific and relapse‐free survival was 98.1% and 98.4% in the WBRT group and 100% and 94.4% in the TBRT group, respectively (P = NS). There was no significant difference between the two treatment arms regarding the incidence of radiation side effects.ConclusionsFive‐year results of our phase I–II study prove that sole HDR‐BT of the tumor bed with careful patient selection and adequate quality assurance is a feasible alternative to WBRT. However, long‐term results of phase III trials are required to determine the equivalence of TBRT alone, compared with WBRT in the management of selected patients with early breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:121–128. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin for unresectable or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus of the portal vein
Authors: Itamoto Toshiyuki , Nakahara Hideki , Tashiro Hirotaka , Haruta Naoki , Asahara Toshimasa , Naito Akira , Ito Katsuhide 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) for unresectable or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombus of the trunk or first branches of the portal vein (PVTT).MethodsSeven unresectable or recurrent HCC patients with PVTT were enrolled in this study. A one‐week course of chemotherapy consisted of intraarterial administration of CDDP (10 mg on days 1–5) for 1 h and 5‐FU (250 mg on days 1–5) for 24 h, followed by cessation of administration for the subsequent 2 days (days 6 and 7). Three or more sequential courses of chemotherapy were given through an implanted reservoir.ResultsSerum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels before the chemotherapy were >20 ng/ml in six of the seven patients. Serum AFP levels were decreased in four of the six patients after chemotherapy, including two patients (cases 1 and 7) whose AFP levels later returned to normal. Six of the seven patients had measurable lesions in the liver, with a response rate of 33%. In three of the seven patients (43%), PVTTs decreased in size or disappeared after chemotherapy. The mean and median survival periods of all patients were 8.0 and. 7.5 months, respectively.ConclusionsThe chemotherapy described in this report is beneficial in terms of survival for HCC patients with PVTT for whom transcatheter arterial embolization or surgical treatment is contraindicated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:143–148. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visitors' and locals' experiences of Rotorua, New Zealand: an interpretative study using photographs of landscapes and Q method
Authors: Fairweather John R. , Swaffield Simon R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper reports on an interpretative study of locals' and visitors' experiences in Rotorua, New Zealand and shows how experiences vary among different groups. Photographs were Q sorted by a non‐random sample of locals and both overseas and New Zealand visitors, and the data were factor analysed to identify four factors or types of experience. These include experiences of Sublime Nature, Iconic Tourism, New Zealand Family and the Picturesque Landscape. These findings show that Q sort with photographs is a useful research approach which advances our understanding of destination image and provides results that have implications for the contemporary theoretical debate on the nature of tourist experience in New Zealand. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating rural heritage visitor attractions—the Queensland Heritage Trails project
Authors: Prideaux Bruce 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo promote rural heritage in Queensland, the Australian Federal and Queensland State Governments embarked on an ambitious funding programmeme titled the Queensland Heritage Trails Network commencing in 1999. The aim of the programmeme was to fund the development of a series of cultural heritage tourism attractions designed to encourage visitors to travel beyond popular coastal destinations and into the rural hinterland. For a state where travelling times by road are measured in days not hours, the development of visitor attractions away from the relatively closely settled coastal areas is essential if additional visitors are to be attracted to rural hinterland areas. However, distance factors add to the cost of travelling to many remote attractions and may deter all but the most determined travellers. This paper examines a number of demand side issues that may effect the long‐term viability of many of the projects, particularly those in remote areas. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermochemical properties of free radicals from G3MP2B3 calculations
Authors: Janoschek R. , Rossi M. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFor a set of 32 selected free radicals, energy minimum structures, harmonic vibrational wave numbers ωe, principal moments of inertia IA, IB, and IC, heat capacities C°p(T), entropies S°(T), thermal energy contents H°(T) − H°(0), and standard enthalpies of formation ΔfH°(T) were calculated at the G3MP2B3 level of theory in the temperature range 200–3000 K. In this article, thermodynamic functions at T = 298.15 K are presented and compared with recent experimental values. The mean absolute deviation between calculated and experimental ΔfH°(298.15) values resulted in 3.91 kJ mol−1, which is close to the average experimental uncertainty of ± 3.55 kJ mol−1. The influence of hindered rotation on thermodynamic functions is studied for isopropyl and tert‐butyl radicals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 550–560, 2002
Knowledge management in the AEC sector: an exploration of the mergers and acquisitions context
Authors: Carrillo Patricia , Anumba Chimay 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKnowledge Management (KM) is a relatively new terminology within the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, although certain aspects have always been practised within the industry. This paper conducts an exploratory study of how mergers and acquisitions affect knowledge management initiatives. The paper introduces the CLEVER conceptual framework that was developed at Loughborough University, UK. The conceptual framework is used to formulate the key aspects organizations should consider when implementing knowledge management initiatives. The paper presents case studies of AEC organizations that have recently undergone mergers and acquisitions. The case studies demonstrate what these companies are doing in terms of knowledge management, especially to collate and deploy the bodies of knowledge held in the hitherto separate organizations, to enhance their competitive advantage. The paper concludes by providing guidelines for companies to consider in developing knowledge management initiatives to cope with structural changes at an operational level. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of anchorage‐independent growth of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa‐2 cells by signaling from protein kinase C to mitogen‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Ishino Keiko , Fukazawa Hidesuke , Shikano Mayumi , Ohba Motoi , Kuroki Toshio , Uehara Yoshimasa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe found that 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) promoted anchorage‐independent growth but did not affect anchorage‐dependent growth of MIA PaCa‐2 human pancreatic carcinoma cells. TPA markedly activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase in an anchorage‐independent manner. Two protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, conventional PKC (cPKC) and novel PKC (nPKC), but not apical PKC, translocated from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction upon TPA treatment. To identify the PKC isoforms involved in the regulation of anchorage‐independent growth, four PKC isoforms (α, δ, ε, and ζ) were forced to be expressed in MIA PaCa‐2 cells with an adenovirus vector. Overexpression of nPKCδ or nPKCε activated MAPK and promoted anchorage‐independent growth. Overexpression of cPKCα alone did not influence anchorage‐independent growth but lowered the concentration of TPA that was required to enhance such growth. Expression of constitutively active MAPK kinase‐1 (MEK1) also promoted anchorage‐independent growth. Furthermore, PKC inhibitors or an MEK inhibitor completely suppressed both TPA‐induced activation of MAPK and promotion of anchorage‐independent growth, but a cPKC‐selective inhibitor partially suppressed TPA‐induced promotion of the growth. Based on these results, we suggest that MAPK activation, mediated by certain isoforms of PKC, plays a part in oncogenic growth of MIA PaCa‐2 cells. In summary, our data indicated that specific inhibitors of the cPKC and nPKC signaling pathway might be selective anti‐oncogenic growth agents for some types of human pancreatic cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible parkinsonian syndrome in systemic and brain vasculitis
Authors: Fabiani Giorgio , Teive Hélio A.G. , Germiniani Francisco M.B. , Sá Daniel S. , Werneck Lineu César 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA young female patient with chronic renal failure due to a systemic vasculitis and a parkinsonian syndrome secondary to brain vasculitis, most likely systemic lupus erythematosus, is described. The patient had a dramatic response to a pulse of methylprednisolone, with remision of her parkinsonian symptoms. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Further extension of the H1 haplotype associated with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Pastor Pau , Ezquerra Mario , Tolosa Eduardo , Muñoz Esteban , José Martí María , Valldeoriola Francesc , Molinuevo José Luís , Calopa Matilde , Oliva Rafael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe recent finding of disequilibrium among several polymorphisms along the tau gene and the strong association of one of the two haplotypes formed by these polymorphisms (H1) with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) suggests that a single allele in or near the tau gene at 17q21 is responsible for increased risk in most of the PSP cases. We sought to determine whether mutations in the tau gene are responsible for the disease in 45 sporadic PSP patients. Furthermore, we analyzed some markers located in the common region of linkage (D17S800‐D17S791), associated with some cases of familial frontotemporal dementia (FTDP‐17), and the SNPs rs1816 and rs937 close to the tau gene, to determine their possible association with sporadic PSP. We did not find pathogenic mutations in exons 9, 10, 12, or 13 of the tau gene, indicating that tau mutations in both the splice‐site region of the exon 10 and in the microtubule‐binding region of tau gene are not a cause of PSP in this study group. We found significant overrepresentation of the haplotypes H1, extended up to the promoter of the tau gene (H1P), in PSP patients as compared with controls. In addition, a significant overrepresentation of the D17S810 2/2 and 3/2 genotypes, of the SNP rs1816 A/A, and of the SNP rs937 delG/delG genotypes was detected in PSP, further extending the haplotype described previously. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a change either in the 5′ or in the 3′ flanking regions of the tau gene, or even other genes contained in the H1E haplotype, could increase the genetic susceptibility to PSP. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Characterisation of striatal NMDA receptors involved in the generation of parkinsonian symptoms: Intrastriatal microinjection studies in the 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rat
Authors: Nash Joanne E. , Brotchie Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTreatments for Parkinson's disease based on replacement of lost dopamine have several problems. Following loss of dopamine, enhanced N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐mediated transmission in the striatum is thought to be part of the cascade of events leading to the generation of parkinsonian symptoms. We determined the localisation and pharmacological characteristics of NMDA receptors that play a role in generating parkinsonian symptoms within the striatum. Rats were lesioned unilaterally with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), and cannulae implanted bilaterally to allow injection of a range of NMDA receptor antagonists at different striatal sites. When injected rostrally into the dopamine‐depleted striatum, the glycine site partial agonist, (+)‐HA‐966 (44–400 nmol) caused a dose‐dependent contraversive rotational response consistent with an antiparkinsonian action. (+)‐HA‐966 (400 nmol) had no effect when infused into more caudal regions of the dopamine‐depleted striatum, or following injection into any striatal region on the dopamine‐intact side. To determine the pharmacological profile of NMDA receptors involved in inducing parkinsonism in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats, a range of NMDA receptor antagonists was infused directly into the rostral striatum. Ifenprodil (100 nmol) and 7‐chlorokynurenate (37 nmol), but not MK‐801 (15 nmol) or D‐APV (25 nmol) elicited a dramatic rotational response when injected into the dopamine‐depleted striatum. This pharmacological profile is not consistent with an effect mediated via blocking NR2B‐containing NMDA receptors. The effect of intrastriatal injection of ifenprodil was increased in animals previously treated with levodopa (L‐dopa) methyl ester. This was seen as an increase in on‐time and in peak rotational response. We propose that stimulation of NR2B‐containing NMDA receptors in the rostral striatum underlies the generation of parkinsonian symptoms. These studies are in line with previous findings suggesting that administration of NR2B‐selective NMDA receptor antagonists may be therapeutically beneficial for parkinsonian patients, when given de novo and following L‐dopa treatment. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Painful arm and moving fingers: Clinical features of four new cases
Authors: Supiot F. , Gazagnes M.D. , Blecic S.A. , Zegers de Beyl D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe syndrome of painful arm and moving fingers associates pain in one arm or hand with involuntary movement of one or several fingers. In the four cases described, an association between a central and a peripheral nervous system lesion is demonstrated or suspected. Treatment of the condition is disappointing. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society