bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in healthcare access experienced by Hispanic chronic kidney disease patients: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ashrafi Sadia Anjum , Alam Rifat Binte , Kraay Alicia , Ogunjesa Babatope Ayokunle , Schwingel Andiara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health concern, and the disease disproportionately affects Hispanics. Improved healthcare access for Hispanic CKD patients can reduce the disease burden. This study assesses the healthcare access disparities experienced by Hispanic CKD patients compared to Whites.

Methods
We analyzed three National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets for 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018. The primary predictor variable was race, and the outcome variable was three domains of healthcare access: insurance status, having any routine place for healthcare, and having any health visits in the past year. Chi-square tests and unadjusted and adjusted multivariate logistic regressions were conducted. The models were adjusted for age, education, income, and CKD stages and were weighted to account for the sampling strategy.

Results
The sample size was 1864 CKD patients from three two-year cycles of NHANES datasets (2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018). The final adjusted model found that Hispanic CKD patients were more likely to be uninsured (OR: 2.52, CI 1.66–3.83) and have no routine place for healthcare (OR: 1.68, CI 1.03–2.75) than White CKD patients, but did not have differences in healthcare visits in the past year.

Conclusions
Hispanic CKD patients have limited healthcare access compared to White populations showing existing care access disparities experienced by them. Improved programs and policies are required to enhance kidney health among Hispanics and promote equity in CKD.
Integrative single-cell analysis: dissecting CD8 + memory cell roles in LUAD and COVID-19 via eQTLs and Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Wu Jintao , Mao Xiaocheng , Liu Xiaohua , Mao Junying , Yang Xianxin , zhou Xiangwu , Tianzhu Lu , Ji Yulong , Li Zhao , Xu Huijuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma exhibits high incidence and mortality rates, presenting a significant health concern. Concurrently, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a grave global public health challenge. Existing literature suggests that T cells, pivotal components of cellular immunity, are integral to both antiviral and antitumor responses. Yet, the nuanced alterations and consequent functions of T cells across diverse disease states have not been comprehensively elucidated. We gathered transcriptomic data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lung adenocarcinoma patients, COVID-19 patients, and healthy controls. We followed a standardized analytical approach for quality assurance, batch effect adjustments, and preliminary data processing. We discerned distinct T cell subsets and conducted differential gene expression analysis. Potential key genes and pathways were inferred from GO and Pathway enrichment analyses. Additionally, we implemented Mendelian randomization to probe the potential links between pivotal genes and lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility. Our findings underscored a notable reduction in mature CD8 + central memory T cells in both lung adenocarcinoma and COVID-19 cohorts relative to the control group. Notably, the downregulation of specific genes, such as TRGV9, could impede the immunological efficacy of CD8 + T cells. Comprehensive multi-omics assessment highlighted genetic aberrations in genes, including TRGV9, correlating with heightened lung adenocarcinoma risk. Through rigorous single-cell transcriptomic analyses, this investigation meticulously delineated variations in T cell subsets across different pathological states and extrapolated key regulatory genes via an integrated multi-omics approach, establishing a robust groundwork for future functional inquiries. This study furnishes valuable perspectives into the etiology of multifaceted diseases and augments the progression of precision medicine.
Development guidelines for individual digital study assistants in higher education
Authors: König Claudia M. , Karrenbauer Christin , Breitner Michael H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncreasing student numbers, heterogeneity and individual biographies lead to a growing need for personalized support. To meet these challenges, an Individual Digital Study Assistant (IDSA) provides features to help students improve their self-regulation and organizational skills to achieve individual study goals. Based on qualitative expert interviews, a quantitative student survey, and current literature we derived requirements for an IDSA. Based on them, we designed, developed, and implemented a first IDSA prototype for higher education institutions (HEI). We continuously evaluated the prototype within different workshops and analyzed the usage data to improve it further in three enhanced prototypes. Based on this iterative process, we derived guidelines for an IDSA design and development. Accordingly, the framework, project management, content, team selection, team development, team communication, marketing, and student habits are important to consider. The guidelines advance the knowledge base of IDSA in HEI and guide and support practitioners in the design, development, and implementation of IDSA in HEI.
Screening and characterization of bioactive compounds from two epiphytic microlichen and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant activity
Authors: Pradhan Shubham , Dash Satyabrata , Sahoo Bijayananda , Parida Sabyasachy , Rath Biswajit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Lichens in symbiosis produce a wide range of primary and secondary fine compounds in extreme environmental conditions that have a broad range of biological properties as well as antioxidant potential and can be used in future pharmaceuticals as a natural source of antioxidant molecules.

Results
The two microlichen species collected are identified based on morphological and molecular techniques; further studies are carried out by analyzing phytochemicals (FTIR, GC MS), and antioxidant assays are evaluated. The non-enzymatic antioxidant activity is evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays. The methanol extract of both lichens showed virtuous DPPH scavenge with IC50 of P. nitida (125.76 ± 0.023 µg/ml) and G. scripta IC50 (176.90 ± 0.058 µg/ml). FRAP activity was prominent in the methalonic extract. The enzymatic antioxidant activity is observed by SOD and catalase activity. The cytosolic (Cu–Zn-SOD and Fe-SOD) and mitochondrial SOD (Mn-SOD) are detected in lichens, though P. nitida shows mitochondrial Mn-SOD and cytosolic Cu–Zn-SOD and Fe-SOD, whereas G. scripta has a single cytosolic Cu–Zn-SOD; however, two isoforms of catalase were reported. GC–MS analysis screened bioactive metabolites such as phenols, Quinons, heterocyclic compounds, benzofurans, fatty acids, pyrans, carboxylic acid, aliphatic aldehydes, organic alcohol, fluorinated aliphatic substances, ketones, terpenes and fatty alcohols in P. nitida, whereas, in G. scripta screened fatty acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds, polyols, terpenes, glycosides, phenols, and sugar alcohols detected in the chromatogram peak. FTIR analysis revealed functional groups like Alcohols, Amines, Amides, Alkanes, Aldehydes, Carboxylic acid, Alkynes, Esters, Ketones, Anhydrides, Acid chlorides, Alkenes, Aromatic compounds, Nitro compounds, Alkyl and Aryl Halides in both lichens.

Conclusions
The results obtained in the present study proved that P. nitida and G. scripta have promising antioxidant activity owing to the presence of polyphenols and terpenes, as evidenced by DPPH and FRAP assay along with enzymatic analysis (SOD and CAT). Thus both the lichens may be used as natural sources of new bioactive molecules having pharmaceutical interest.
Comprehensive preclinical studies on the bioactivity of Orbignya phalerata Mart. (Babassu) and its derived products: a systematic review
Authors: Debia Nicole , Castro Isione Oliveira , Sousa Ana Beatriz Santana , de Oliveira Victor Alves , Negreiros Helber Alves , Ferreira Paulo Michel Pinheiro , de Castro e Sousa João Marcelo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) is a palm tree well distributed in Latin America, whose fruit has a mesocarp and kernel used for human feeding, and empirically related to the treatment of gastritis, vaginitis, and wound healing.

Main body of the abstract
The activities attributed to babassu can guide new research on health applications and, for this reason, this study aimed to report in vitro and in vivo biological activities of O. phalerata constituents through a systematic review. Searches terms were applied in five world databases and the data from the publications were collected according to PICOS criteria, including the fruit component, concentration/dose, time of exposure, and comparative groups. All outcomes were reported and the most relevant outcomes were described by a narrative synthesis and a risk of bias assessment. A total of 28 in vitro (n = 15) and in vivo (n = 11) studies were included, and two showed both experimental designs. The studies were heterogeneous, with the predominance of metabolic analysis, wound and peptic ulcer healing, besides in vivo toxicity, among others. For in vitro analysis, antioxidant tests, cell viability and antimicrobial activity predominated. All in vivo ones used rodents. Meanwhile, tumor and non-tumor cell lines, bacteria strains, Leishmania amazonensis, Artemia salina, and antioxidant reactions were considered for in vitro protocols.

Short conclusion
The most frequent applications included mesocarp and kernel in a wide range of extracts, emulsions, and concentrations. Their low in vitro lethality and cytotoxicity, and no acute toxicity in vivo open possibilities for the development of long-term toxicity assays with repeated doses in rodents and interventions in clinical trials.

Graphic abstract
Neuroimaging features in a patient with non-ketotic hyperglycaemic seizures: A case report
Authors: Wu Jing , Feng Huijie , Zhao Yaxiong , Li Junfeng , Li Ting , Li Kefeng 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Non-ketotic hyperglycaemic (NKH) seizures are a rare neurological complication of diabetes caused by hyperglycaemia in non-ketotic and non-hyperosmotic states. The clinical characteristics of NKH seizures are atypical and lack unified diagnostic criteria, leading to potential misdiagnoses in the early stages of the disease.
CASE SUMMARY
This report presents a rare case of NKH seizures in a 52-year-old male patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We performed comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies at admission, 12 d post-admission, and 20 d post-discharge. The imaging techniques included contrast-enhanced head MRI, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffusion-weighted imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and magnetic resonance venography. At the time of admission, T2WI and FLAIR of the cranial MRI showed that the left parieto-occipital cortex had gyrus-like swelling and high signal, and subcortical stripes had low signal. MRS showed a reduced N-acetylaspartate peak and increased creatine and choline peaks in the affected areas. A follow-up MRI 20 d later showed that the swelling and high signal of the left parieto-occipital cortex had disappeared, and the low signal of the subcortex had disappeared.
CONCLUSION
This case study provides valuable insights into the potential pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of NKH seizures. The comprehensive MRI findings highlight the potential utility of various MRI sequences in diagnosing and characterizing NKH seizures.
Removal of intrahepatic bile duct stone could reduce the risk of cholangiocarcinoma: A single-center retrospective study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Tae In , Han Sung Yong , Lee Jonghyun , Kim Dong Uk 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Intrahepatic duct (IHD) stones are among the most important risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (CCC). Approximately 10% of patients with IHD stones develop CCC; however, there are limited studies regarding the effect of IHD stone removal on CCC development.
AIM
To investigate the association between IHD stone removal and CCC development.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 397 patients with IHD stones at a tertiary referral center between January 2011 and December 2020.
RESULTS
CCC occurred in 36 of the 397 enrolled patients. In univariate analysis, chronic hepatitis B infection (11.1% vs 3.0%, P = 0.03), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9, 176.00 vs 11.96 II/mL, P = 0.010), stone located in left or both lobes (86.1% vs 70.1%, P = 0.042), focal atrophy (52.8% vs 26.9%, P = 0.001), duct stricture (47.2% vs 24.9%, P = 0.004), and removal status of IHD stone (33.3% vs 63.2%, P < 0.001) were significantly different between IHD stone patients with and without CCC. In the multivariate analysis, CA19-9 > upper normal limit, carcinoembryonic antigen > upper normal limit, stones located in the left or both lobes, focal atrophy, and complete removal of IHD stones without recurrence were independent factors influencing CCC development. However, the type of removal method was not associated with CCC risk.
CONCLUSION
Complete removal of IHD stones without recurrence could reduce CCC risk.
Left ventricular thrombosis caused cerebral embolism during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: A case report
Authors: Bai Yao-Bang , Zhao Feng , Wu Zhen-Hua , Shi Guo-Ning , Jiang Nan 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), an effective short-term circulatory support method for refractory cardiogenic shock, is widely applied. However, retrospective analyses have shown that VA-ECMO-assisted cases were associated with a relatively high mortality rate of approximately 60%. Embolization in important organs caused by complications of left ventricular thrombosis (LVT) during VA-ECMO is also an important reason. Although the incidence of LVT during VA-ECMO is not high, the consequences of embolization are disastrous.
CASE SUMMARY
A 37-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital because of fever for 4 d and palpitations for 3 d. After excluding the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, we established a diagnosis of “clinically explosive myocarditis”. The patient still had unstable hemodynamics after drug treatment supported by VA-ECMO, with heparin for anticoagulation. On day 4 of ECMO support, a left ventricular thrombus attached to the papillary muscle root of the mitral valve was found by transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular decompression was performed and ECMO was successfully removed, but the patient eventually died of multiple cerebral embolism.
CONCLUSION
LVT with high mobility during VA-ECMO may cause embolism in important organs. Therefore, a "wait and see" strategy should be avoided.
The effectiveness of acellular nerve allografts compared to autografts in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Broeren Berend O. , Hundepool Caroline A. , Kumas Ali H. , Duraku Liron S. , Walbeehm Erik T. , Hooijmans Carlijn R. , Power Dominic M. , Zuidam J. Michiel , De Jong Tim 
Published: January 2024

Background
Treatment of nerve injuries proves to be a worldwide clinical challenge. Acellular nerve allografts are suggested to be a promising alternative for bridging a nerve gap to the current gold standard, an autologous nerve graft.

Objective
To systematically review the efficacy of the acellular nerve allograft, its difference from the gold standard (the nerve autograft) and to discuss its possible indications.

Material and methods
PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched until the 4th of January 2022. Original peer reviewed paper that presented 1) distinctive data; 2) a clear comparison between not immunologically processed acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers; 3) was performed in laboratory animals of all species and sex. Meta analyses and subgroup analyses (for graft length and species) were conducted for muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count diameter, tetanic contraction and amplitude using a Random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted on graft length and species.

Results
Fifty articles were included in this review and all were included in the meta-analyses. An acellular allograft resulted in a significantly lower muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count and smaller diameter, tetanic contraction compared to an autologous nerve graft. No difference was found in amplitude between acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers. Post hoc subgroup analyses of graft length showed a significant reduced muscle weight in long grafts versus small and medium length grafts. All included studies showed a large variance in methodological design.

Conclusion
Our review shows that the included studies, investigating the use of acellular allografts, showed a large variance in methodological design and are as a consequence difficult to compare. Nevertheless, our results indicate that treating a nerve gap with an allograft results in an inferior nerve recovery compared to an autograft in seven out of eight outcomes assessed in experimental animals. In addition, based on our preliminary post hoc subgroup analyses we suggest that when an allograft is being used an allograft in short and medium (0-1cm, > 1-2cm) nerve gaps is preferred over an allograft in long (> 2cm) nerve gaps.
Distress, multimorbidity, and complex multimorbidity among Chinese and Korean American older adults
Authors: Oh Hannah , Morey Brittany N. , Shi Yuxi , Lee Sunmin 
Published: January 2024

Background
Studies suggest that distress is associated with various health conditions such as hypertension, asthma, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. However, only few studies focused on Asian Americans and little is known about the association with multiple comorbidity.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 400 Chinese and Korean American participants (aged 50–75 years) of the STOP CRC randomized controlled trial. Perceived distress was assessed using the distress thermometer scale (range 0–10). Disease diagnosis was self-reported by the participants. Multimorbidity (MM) was defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions. Complex multimorbidity (CMM) was defined as having ≥3 of the following body system disorders: circulation disorder, endocrine-metabolic disorder, cancer, anxiety or depression, breathing problem, and other health problems. We performed logistic regression for CMM and Poisson regression with robust error variance for MM to estimate associations with distress, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
The mean age was 58.4 years and mean distress score was 3.65. One-unit increase in distress score was associated with a 1.22-fold increase in the odds of having CMM (95% CI: 1.04–1.42). The magnitude of association slightly increased after additional adjustment for socioeconomic factors and health insurance status (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10–1.52). Higher distress score was positively associated with MM but the association was only marginally significant (PR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99–1.10), adjusting for socioeconomic factors and health insurance status.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that higher perceived distress may be associated with simultaneous dysfunction of multiple distinct body systems among Chinese and Korean American older adults.
Chloroquine decreases cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiac function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Hirata Takuya , Baba Shiro , Akagi Kentaro , Matsuda Koichi , Umeda Katsutsugu , Adachi Souichi , Heike Toshio , Takita Junko 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe degenerative skeletal and cardiac muscle disease, has a poor prognosis, and no curative treatments are available. Because decreased autophagy has been reported to contribute to skeletal muscle degeneration, therapies targeting autophagy are expected to improve skeletal muscle hypofunction. However, the role of this regulatory mechanism has not been evaluated clearly in DMD cardiomyocytes.MethodsIn this present study, we evaluated myocardial fibrosis and its mechanism inmdxmice, a model of DMD, and also evaluated changes in cardiac function.ResultsAs assessed by LC3 immunohistochemistry, a small number of autophagosomes were detected in cardiomyocytes of bothmdxmice and control wild-type (WT) mice. The number of autophagosomes was significantly enhanced by 4 weeks of isoproterenol-induced cardiac stress in cardiomyocytes ofmdxbut not WT mice. Simultaneously, isoproterenol increased cardiomyocyte fibrosis inmdxbut not WT mice. Administration of chloroquine significantly decreased cardiomyocyte fibrosis inmdxmice, even after isoproterenol treatment. Left ventricle size and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Left ventricular contraction was decreased inmdxmice after isoproterenol treatment compared with control mice, which was alleviated by chloroquine administration.ConclusionsHeart failure in DMD patients is possibly treated with chloroquine, and the mechanism probably involves chloroquine’s anti-inflammatory effects.
Factors influencing the work of researchers in Scientific Initiation: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Costa Woska Pires da , Fernandes Michele da Silva Valadão , Memon Aamir Raoof , Noll Priscilla Rayanne E. Silva , Sousa Marcos de Moraes , Noll Matias 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Scientific Initiation (SI) is an educational activity that allows students to begin their scientific training and research under the guidance of an experienced researcher. While several studies have examined students’ perceptions of SI, research on the perspective of researchers working in this field is currently lacking. Thus, this study’s aim is to describe the protocol design for conducting a systematic review. At the same time, the review aims also to identify factors influencing the work of researchers in SI and explore the motivations leading researchers to engage in research projects within institutions and their respective impacts.

Method and analyses
Literature search will be done using the bibliographic databases, including Academic Search Premier, APA PsycNet, CINAHL Plus, ERIC, SocINDEX, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy was guided by the PICo framework (Population, phenomenon of Interest, and Context). The preparation and development of this protocol following guidelines were employed: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015), Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies 2015 (PRESS 2015), and PRISMA-Search (PRISMA-S). Original, peer-reviewed articles that examine the factors related to the work of researchers in SI will be included without any language or publication date restrictions. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies will be screened by two independent researchers. The included studies will be analyzed to identify factors, policies, and their impacts obtained analytically. Findings will be objectively categorized and synthetically represented through figures, diagrams, and graphic models. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and the Downs and Black checklists. A third senior reviewer will resolve any discrepancies.

Discussion
We aim to understand the factors that drive researchers to engage in SI research through the dissemination of the findings of this systematic review. This may aid the development of institutional strategies and actions that can support the enhancement of SI programs and encourage greater researcher participation.