bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Pharmacological and Phytochemical Activities
of Neglected Legume of the Mediterranean Basin, as Functional Food
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has been widely cultivated in different parts of the
world, particularly in the Mediterranean region, and the tree belongs to the family Leguminosae.
Several studies have indicated that carobs and their products can improve human health and help
prevent different specific chronic diseases. Carob can considered as functional food due to its
high content in dietary fibers, low-fat content, and high content of minerals. Its fruit is a pod
containing 10%-20% seeds, and the pods consist of sugars, proteins, crude fibers, minerals,
vitamins, polyphenols, vitamins, and lipids. In many countries in the Middle east, carob is
mainly used to prepare as a traditional drink and some kinds of confectioneries. The powders can
be utilized to prepare carob juice concentrate. The systematic review of documents from clinical
trials and scientific societies dedicated to traditional medicine in China has been carried out. The
goal of this review article is a survey of chemical compounds, and pharmaceutical benefits of
carob, especially by considering traditional medicinal sciences. Moreover, clinical trials research
promotes studies to highlight and focus on the scope of application of traditional medicinal
science in the growing system of medicine.
Nanoparticles Perspective in Skin Tissue Engineering: Current Concepts and Future Outlook
Authors: Kaviani Maryam , Geramizadeh Bita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Nanotechnology seems to provide solutions to the unresolved complications in skin tissue
engineering. According to the broad function of nanoparticles, this review article is intended
to build a perspective for future success in skin tissue engineering. In the present review, recent
studies were reviewed, and essential benefits and challenging issues regarding the application of
nanoparticles in skin tissue engineering were summarized. Previous studies indicated that nanoparticles
can play essential roles in the improvement of engineered skin. Bio-inspired design of an engineered
skin structure first needs to understand the native tissue and mimic that in laboratory conditions.
Moreover, a fundamental comprehension of the nanoparticles and their related effects on
the final structure can guide researchers in recruiting appropriate nanoparticles. Attention to essential
details, including the designation of nanoparticle type according to the scaffold, how to prepare
the nanoparticles, and what concentration to use, is critical for the application of nanoparticles
to become a reality. In conclusion, nanoparticles were applied to promote scaffold characteristics
and angiogenesis, improve cell behavior, provide antimicrobial conditions, and cell tracking.
Stratified Mucin-Producing Intraepithelial Lesion of the Cervix in an
HPV-16 Positive Woman: A Rare Encounter
Authors: Kumar Naina , Mangla Mishu , Palo Seetu , Gabbeta Spandana , Aparna J. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally
and has a strong association with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Stratified mucinproducing
intraepithelial lesion (SMILE), a variant of Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), is a rare
cervical precancer lesion that is often missed or detected incidentally.

Case Presentation:
The present case report briefs the finding of a 39-year-old woman who presented
to the gynecological outpatient department with complaints of vaginal discharge for 6-8
months. She had no history of irregular menstrual cycles or postcoital bleeding. Her routine Pap
smear revealed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and was positive
for HPV-16 type. Her cervical biopsy report revealed AIS and her histopathological report of
hysterectomy revealed SMILE, a variant of AIS.

Discussion:
The SMILE variant of AIS is a rare cervical precancerous lesion characterized by
the morphological overlap of both squamous intraepithelial lesions and AIS. It is often difficult
to diagnose on Pap smear and is commonly associated with high-risk HPV infections. The management
of SMILE is the same as that for AIS, which is the excisional procedure followed by a
hysterectomy if the margins are negative and depending on the fertility desires of the patient,
followed by regular follow-up with HPV testing.

Conclusion:
SMILE is a rare variant of AIS, which is often missed on cytological screening of
the cervix. It is commonly associated with high-risk types of HPV. Hence, incorporating HPV
testing in the screening of cervical cancer is important and recommended to increase the overall
sensitivity of screening for adenocarcinoma lesions.
Application of Nanocomposites and Nanoparticles in Treating
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Fatima Javeria , Siddique Yasir Hasan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a formidable global health challenge, affecting millions
and imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems worldwide. Conditions, like Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, among others, share common characteristics, such as
neuronal loss, misfolded protein aggregation, and nervous system dysfunction. One of the major obstacles
in treating these diseases is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, limiting the delivery of
therapeutic agents to the central nervous system. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to
overcome these challenges. In Alzheimer's disease, NPs loaded with various compounds have
shown remarkable promise in preventing amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and reducing neurotoxicity.
Parkinson's disease benefits from improved dopamine delivery and neuroprotection. Huntington's
disease poses its own set of challenges, but nanotechnology continues to offer innovative solutions.
The promising developments in nanoparticle-based interventions for neurodegenerative diseases,
like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS), have offered new avenues for
effective treatment. Nanotechnology represents a promising frontier in biomedical research, offering
tailored solutions to the complex challenges posed by neurodegenerative diseases. While much progress
has been made, ongoing research is essential to optimize nanomaterial designs, improve targeting,
and ensure biocompatibility and safety. Nanomaterials possess unique properties that make
them excellent candidates for targeted drug delivery and neuroprotection. They can effectively bypass
the blood-brain barrier, opening doors to precise drug delivery strategies. This review explores
the extensive research on nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative
disorders. These nanomaterials exhibit exceptional abilities to target neurodegenerative
processes and halt disease progression.
Phenolic Bisabolane Sesquiterpene Derivatives from an Arctic Marine-derived
Fungus Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2
Authors: Fu Zhiyang , Gong Xiangzhou , Hu Zhe , Zhao Yujie , Zhang Huawei 
Published: January 2024

Background::
Filamentous fungi in the genus Aspergillus are well known for their important
roles in production of bioactive secondary metabolites with diversely chemical structures and
potential application in pharmaceutical industry.

Objective::
The present study aimed to investigate the phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpene (PBS) derivatives
from an Arctic marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2.

Methods::
In this study, antimicrobial activities were carried out according to the broth microdilution
assay, nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) and BV2 microglial cells
was used to detect the inhibitory effect of compounds in inflammatory reactions, and in vitro inhibitory
cell proliferation activity was determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.

Results::
In this work, chemical investigation of an Arctic marine-derived strain A. sydowii MNP-2
led to the isolation of 11 PBSs (1-11) using various chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures
were unambiguously determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analyses as
well as comparison with literature data. It is noteworthy that compounds 1, 7 and 11 were firstly
obtained from A. sydowii. Antimicrobial assay showed that these chemicals had no potent inhibitory
effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with MIC values > 16
μg/mL. Additionally, the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-
induced inflammation in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) and BV2 microglial cells were all below
10% for compounds 4-6 and 8, indicating almost negligible anti-inflammatory efficacy. Among the
tested compounds 4-6 and 8 for tumor-cell proliferation inhibition activities, compound 5 demonstrated
the strongest inhibitory effect against human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-6) with
a 44.76% inhibition rate.

Conclusion::
In the present study, 11 PBS derivatives were purified and characterized from the solidand
liquid-state fermentations of the Arctic marine-derived fungus A. sydowii MNP-2. Unfortunately,
none of these metabolites had significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, or tumor-cell proliferation
inhibition activities.
QbD Assisted Optimization of Microwave-assisted Synthesis of
Polyacrylamide Grafted Tragacanth: Characterization and Instrumental
Analysis
Authors: Namballa Mahesh , Adimulapu Anilkumar , Jesudasan Rajesh E 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Polysaccharides have recently attracted a lot of attention in the designing of drug delivery systems due to their wide availability, lack of toxicity, and numerous ways that their nature, structure, and functionality can be altered.

Methods:
Microwave-assisted synthesis of graft copolymer of tragacanth (TRA) is done with poly-acrylamide (PAM) by free radical polymerization using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. Grafting polymer concentration, CAN concentration, and exposure time were selected as independent variables, and their effect is studied for Grafting Efficiency (GE) and Intrinsic viscosity (IV) using Box-Behnken optimization design.

Results:
A quadratic model was suggested by the software for further statistical evaluation. On the basis of the desirability approach, optimized parameters for microwave-assisted synthesis were demon-strated, and further grafted TRA (Gr-TRA) was synthesized. Gr-TRA was studied for various charac-terization and elemental analysis. Gr-TRA showed the highest swelling index and least weight loss during the chemical resistance test. Further instrumental analyses like FTIR, XRD, and elemental anal-ysis confirmed the formation of Gr-TRA.

Conclusion:
Based on all of the above findings, the synthesis of PAM-grafted TRA has been optimized and could be used as a new pharmaceutical excipient in designing different dosage forms.
A Review on Osteoarthritis and its Eradication Approaches: An Update
Authors: Pandey Prasoon , Singh Ritika , Srivastava Shefali , Mishra Manoj Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by degeneration of cartilage or wear and
tear. OA is a cause of disability and health issues. It is a disease that affects more than 500 million
adults annually worldwide, of which India accounts for about 22 to 39% of OA patients.
The most common type of osteoarthritis is knee OA. Pathogenesis of OA requires evolution in
basic science and clinical research to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and as well
as different treatment options. It is mainly classified as primary and secondary OA. The treatment
for OA can only reduce the symptoms and cannot cure the disease itself, including pharmacological
treatment, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acting on COX1
(cyclooxygenase 1) and COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2) enzymes. Non-pharmacological treatments
for OA include exercise like walking, and aerobic exercise, diet, weight loss, hot and cold therapy,
as well as electrotherapy, which improves muscle strength and decreases joint pain. Surgical
treatment is the last treatment option for OA patients, which includes arthroscopy and joint
replacement therapy. Thus, necessary precautions should be taken for joints to be healthy and
disease-free.
Efflux-mediated Multidrug Resistance in Critical Gram-negative Bacteria
and Natural Efflux Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Nanjan Praveena , Bose Vanitha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Multidrug Resistance mechanisms in microorganisms confer the slackness of the
existing drugs, leading to added difficulty in treating infections. As a consequence, efficient
novel drugs and innovative therapies to treat MDR infections are necessarily required. One of
the primary contributors to the emergence of multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria has
been identified as the efflux pumps. These transporter efflux pumps reduce the intracellular
concentration of antibiotics and aid bacterial survival in suboptimal low antibiotic concentration
environments that may cause treatment failure. The reversal of this resistance via inhibition of
the efflux mechanism is a promising method for increasing the effectiveness of antibiotics
against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Such EPI, in combination with antibiotics, can make it
easier to reintroduce traditional antibiotics into clinical practice. This review mostly examines
efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in critical gram-negative bacterial pathogens and EPI of
plant origin that have been reported over previous decades.
Network Security and Cryptography: Threats, Obstacles and Solutions - A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Singh Purushottam , Dutta Sandip , Pranav Prashant 
Published: January 2024

Background:
In the wake of escalating cyber threats and the indispensability of robust
network security mechanisms, it becomes crucial to understand the evolving landscape of
cryptographic research. Recognizing the significant contributions and discerning emerging
trends can guide future strategies and technological advancements. Our study endeavors to
shed light on this through a bibliometric analysis of publications in the realms of Network Security
and Cryptography.

Method:
To chronicle and synthesize the progression of research methodologies from their inception
to the present day, we undertook a comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Network
Security and Cryptography. Our data set was culled from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
Database, encompassing 3,897 papers, 603 sources, and 7,886 authors from across the
globe.

Results:
Our analysis revealed a marked upsurge in cryptographic research since 1992, with
China standing out as a dominant contributor in terms of publications. Notably, while 'security'
and 'cryptography' emerged as recurrent research themes, there's an observable downtrend in
international collaborations. Our study also highlights pivotal topics shaping the network security
domain, offering insights into the trajectories of research source growth, structural variabilities
in research relevance, and prospective intellectual and collaborative avenues as guided by
authorship patterns.

Conclusion:
Cryptographic research is on an upward trajectory, both in volume and significance.
However, the tapering of international collaborations and an evident need to concentrate
on emergent challenges, such as data privacy and innovative network attacks, emerge as notable
insights. This bibliometric review serves as a compass, directing researchers and academicians
towards areas warranting heightened attention, thereby informing the roadmap for future
investigative pursuits.
COVID-19 Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review of Development, Action
Mechanisms, and Global Implications
Authors: Rajbahadur Yadav Sandhya , Chougule Pushpalata 
Published: January 2024

:
The fast spread of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus pandemic virus, across the world presents
a significant population health dilemma. Various protective measures were adopted to address
this worldwide health crisis, and among those, the production of vaccines is of paramount importance.
This review focuses on the prominent vaccines developed against the pandemic virus during
the ongoing worldwide outbreak. The mechanisms of action for each vaccine resemble that of
Pfizer's comirnaty in the United States of America, Moderna vaccine in the United States of America,
and AstraZeneca's adenovirus-based vaccine developed by the UK's Oxford-based university.
The demand for vaccines to counter pandemic corona virus, the pathogen behind COVID-19, is imperative.
These vaccines, including those from Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca, are
poised to play a pivotal role in addressing the urgent global need. This review seeks to offer an allencompassing
perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its epidemiology, transmission,
advancements in treatment, vaccines, as well as the genetic variability and life cycle of the pandemic
coronavirus, relying on the latest research in conjunction with available data.
Effects of Smoking Habits on Omega-3 Food Intake in Adults
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Aditama I Gede Agus Sindhu , Suryadinata Rivan Virlando , Raharjo Dian Natasya 
Published: January 2024

Smoking habits have been shown to impact omega-3 food intake, and cigarette smoke can increase lipid peroxidation through the induction of oxidative stress. Omega-3, an essential fatty acid, can be obtained through the consumption of fish, milk, eggs, and supplements. This cross-sectional research aimed to assess the relationship between omega-3 food intake and smoking habits. The research was conducted from March to June 2022 in Rungkut District, Surabaya, Indonesia. Data collected included the respondents’ quantities and frequency of consuming foods containing omega-3, namely fish, milk, and eggs. Additionally, the level of nicotine dependence among smokers was evaluated using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The method for data analysis was the chi-square test. The total respondents in this study were 116 people, consisting of 41 smokers and 75 non-smokers. No significant differences were observed in the consumption patterns of omega-3-rich foods, including eggs, fish, and milk, between smokers and non-smokers (p > 0.01 for each food item). However, a significant difference was observed in the consumption of supplements containing omega-3 between the smoker and non-smoker groups (p < 0.005). However, the overall omega-3 intake did not exhibit a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers. Notably, a higher proportion of respondents who smoked reported consuming omega-3 supplements compared to the non-smoker group. Consequently, there is a need to conduct further research to identify the underlying factors that influence the habit of smokers toward consuming omega-3.
Augmenting K-Means Clustering With Qualitative Data to Discover the Engagement Patterns of Older Adults With Multimorbidity When Using Digital Health Technologies: Proof-of-Concept Trial
Authors: Sheng Yiyang , Bond Raymond , Jaiswal Rajesh , Dinsmore John , Doyle Julie 
Published: January 2024

Background
Multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity) are becoming more prevalent among aging populations. Digital health technologies have the potential to assist in the self-management of multimorbidity, improving the awareness and monitoring of health and well-being, supporting a better understanding of the disease, and encouraging behavior change.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze how 60 older adults (mean age 74, SD 6.4; range 65-92 years) with multimorbidity engaged with digital symptom and well-being monitoring when using a digital health platform over a period of approximately 12 months.

Methods
Principal component analysis and clustering analysis were used to group participants based on their levels of engagement, and the data analysis focused on characteristics (eg, age, sex, and chronic health conditions), engagement outcomes, and symptom outcomes of the different clusters that were discovered.

Results
Three clusters were identified: the typical user group, the least engaged user group, and the highly engaged user group. Our findings show that age, sex, and the types of chronic health conditions do not influence engagement. The 3 primary factors influencing engagement were whether the same device was used to submit different health and well-being parameters, the number of manual operations required to take a reading, and the daily routine of the participants. The findings also indicate that higher levels of engagement may improve the participants’ outcomes (eg, reduce symptom exacerbation and increase physical activity).

Conclusions
The findings indicate potential factors that influence older adult engagement with digital health technologies for home-based multimorbidity self-management. The least engaged user groups showed decreased health and well-being outcomes related to multimorbidity self-management. Addressing the factors highlighted in this study in the design and implementation of home-based digital health technologies may improve symptom management and physical activity outcomes for older adults self-managing multimorbidity.