bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The BOHICA syndrome: a symptom of cynicism towards change initiatives?
Authors: Connell Julia , Waring Peter 
Published: November 2002

Abstract

This paper reports on three case studies that centre on the relationship between organizational change, employee cynicism, the psychological contract and the sustainability of change initiatives.

The findings suggest that when employees fail to perceive a rationale for change, their psychological contracts become reformulated in such a way that they become cynical about further organizational change proposals.

Without appropriate and targeted interventions, this phenomenon, which is described in this paper as the ‘BOHICA syndrome’, may cause employee preparedness to consider new change proposals to be significantly reduced.

The paper presents the lessons learned from three change management experiences and identifies the importance of demonstrating the credibility and logic of managerial action and allowing for incremental change wherever possible in addressing the problem.

Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospital mergers and psychological contracts
Authors: Shield Richard , Thorpe Richard , Nelson Annette 
Published: November 2002

Abstract

National Health Service (NHS) hospitals have been merging to form large, hybrid (two or more culture) organizations. The drivers for this have been many, not least the need to meet the guideline requirements for good clinical governance (a system for assuring the quality of clinical services) as prescribed by the Royal Colleges.

Research conducted in a merged NHS general hospital trust revealed that difficulties had occurred that might have been prevented by paying greater attention to certain HRM aspects of the merger, specifically aspects of the psychological contract.

This study indicated that hospital strategists need to take more care when considering mergers, particularly in respect of the psychological contract. Little academic research has been undertaken that covers this aspect of HRM in the context of NHS hospital mergers.

The paper goes on to explore aspects of the psychological contract following the merger of two further NHS general hospital trusts, in which we have started a second research study.

Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The future for the HRM function in local government: everything has changed—but has anything changed?
Authors: Harris Lynette 
Published: November 2002

Abstract

This paper explores how the contribution of specialist HR services is being evaluated in the context of best value performance reviews in local government.

It examines the perceptions that HRM and line managers have of their respective HR responsibilities and of the contribution made by the specialist function.

Dilemmas involved in measuring a function whose contribution is mediated through the work of others are identified.

The extent to which the best value review process will promote continuous improvement in HR practices and its value as a mechanism for identifying good HR practices and establishing criteria for measuring their effectiveness is discussed.

Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peroxidase activity of germinatingSorghum bicolorgrains: effect of some cations
Authors: Omidiji Olusesan , Okpuzor Joy , Otubu Olugbenga 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe investigated some properties of the major ionic peroxidase (POD) from germinatingSorghum bicolorvar Fara Fara. Peroxidase activity increased eightfold during the first 36 h of germination and declined thereafter to four times the value in the dry grain after 144 h. Gel filtration followed by ion exchange chromatography resolved the major peroxidase into two forms. The predominant POD had an optimum temperature of 55 °C, two pH optima at 5.0 and 7.0, with a sharp decline in activity below pH 4.5, an apparent activation energy of 463 kJ mol−1, an apparent molecular weight of 63.1 kDa and was relatively heat‐stable up to 70 °C. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by dithiothreitol and sodium metabisulphite. Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride below 2 mMenhanced POD activity without any adverse effect on germination, while ammonium chloride and ferric chloride inhibited the enzymatic activity of both forms. At 5 mM, magnesium chloride inhibited POD activity by 50% with only a 14% reduction in germination, while calcium chloride achieved the same effect at 10 mM. These results are pertinent to controlling the undesirable activity of peroxidase in a typical malting or brewing process.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on lipid metabolism in rabbits
Authors: Wientarsih Ietje , Chakeredza Sebastian , ter Meulen Udo 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe efficacy of curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) in lowering blood plasma lipid was evaluated in rabbits. Forty male New Zealand white rabbits (2.3 kg) were divided into four equal groups and offered isoatherogenic diets with no curcuma, low curcuma (2 g kg−1), medium curcuma (3 g kg−1) and high curcuma (4 g kg−1) for 120 days. Faeces and feed samples were collected. Body weight was measured weekly. Blood samples at 1, 2 and 4 months and liver samples at the last blood collection were taken. Curcuma did not influence feed, protein and fat consumption and protein excretion (P > 0.05) but significantly (P < 0.05) increased fat excretion. Cholesterol concentration was decreased by 46.6, 56.4 and 63.2% and HDL concentration was decreased by 9.9, 14.5 and 21.9% at 2, 3 and 4 g kg−1 curcuma respectively. Curcuma significantly (P < 0.05) decreased LDL concentration and significantly (P < 0.01) decreased triglyceride concentration by 20.4, 28.5 and 29.5% at 2, 3 and 4 g kg−1 respectively. HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by curcuma. Glucose was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 6.2, 7.6 and 18.0% at 2, 3 and 4 g kg−1 curcuma respectively. Lipid peroxidation was prevented at 3 and 4 g kg−1 curcuma. The enhanced fat excretion could have been mediated through an acceleration of lipid metabolism from extrahepatic tissues to the liver, which would increase the excretion of cholesterol via the bile and into the faeces. Since this is central to lipid metabolism, curcuma has potential as a phytotherapeutic agent under atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease conditions.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteolytic activity in ruminal fluid from cattle fed two levels of barley grain: a comparison of three methods of determination
Authors: Hristov Alexander N , McAllister Timothy A , Xu Zhong , Newbold C Jamie 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe effects of proportion of concentrate in the ruminant diet and the effects of freezing ruminal content prior to assay on proteolytic activity in ruminal inoculum were evaluated using three analytical techniques. A novel approach for determining proteolytic activity (PA) of ruminal fluid utilising 15N‐labelled casein was compared with two published procedures. In a crossover experiment, four heifers were fed two isonitrogenous diets containing (dry matter basis) 50% barley silage, 45% rolled barley grain and 4% soybean meal (medium‐grain diet, MG) or 8% barley silage, 89% rolled barley grain and 2% soybean meal (high‐grain diet, HG). Ruminal fluid was analysed either fresh or after having been frozen at −40 °C for 45 days. Substrates utilised in measuring PA included 15N‐labelled casein (produced by infusing (15NH)2SO4 into the rumen of a lactating dairy cow), 14C‐labelled casein and azocasein. Incubations were conducted in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) for 20 min at 39 °C. In the 15N‐casein incubations, PA was estimated as (i) N soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCASN), (ii) N soluble in 5% TCA corrected for microbial N uptake (TCAMICR) and (iii) N depleted from the soluble protein N pool (SPR). In the 14C‐casein incubations, PA was measured as TCA‐soluble radioactivity; in the azocasein method it was measured as dye released during incubation. Across treatments the highest (P < 0.001) proteolytic activity was measured by the SPR method, followed by TCAMICR, TCASN and 14C‐casein. The lowest activity was recorded using the azocasein method. Within the 15N‐ and 14C‐casein methods, PA in previously frozen ruminal fluid was higher (P < 0.05) with the HG diet than with the MG diet, and higher (P < 0.05) in previously frozen fluid than in inoculum processed fresh. This study demonstrates that increasing the proportion of grain in the diets of cattle and freezing the ruminal inoculum both increase proteolytic activity measured in ruminal fluid. The proposed 15N‐casein method yielded higher proteolytic activity values than the 14C‐casein method.Copyright © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. Contributions of A N Hristov, T A McAllister and Z Xu. © Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada 2002.
Composition and organoleptic characteristics of oil from Arbequina olive (Olea europaea L) trees under deficit irrigation
Authors: Tovar M J , Romero M P , Alegre S , Girona J , Motilva M J 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of different regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies applied to olive (Arbequina cultivar) trees on the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the resulting oil during the maximum evaporative demand period for three consecutive crop seasons. Quality indices, fatty acid composition, pigments, colour, α‐tocopherol and phenolic contents, bitter index, oxidative stability and organoleptic properties of the oil were determined. Irrigation did not affect those parameters used as criteria for classifying olive oil in its commercial grades. Only polyphenol and o‐diphenol contents and, consequently, the bitter index and oxidative stability were affected by the RDI strategy, with increasing values as the water applied decreased. Regulated deficit irrigation resulted in important savings in irrigation requirements without detriment to oil quality.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of supplementing red deer (Cervus elaphus) with different forms of ascorbic acid upon the concentration of ascorbic acid in rumen fluid and blood plasma
Authors: Gurusinghe Ranjan , Manley Timothy R , Barry Tom N , Littlejohn Roger , Stevenson‐Barry Joanne 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTwo indoor experiments were conducted at the Massey University Deer Research Unit to study whether the blood plasma ascorbic acid (AA) concentration in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) could be raised, using a single large intraruminal administration of AA (2.7 g kg−1 live weight) prior to a simulated slaughter situation. Deer fistulated in the rumen were individually fed chaffed lucerne hay ad libitum at 30 min intervals; feed was then withdrawn 8 h before AA was administered, and fasting continued during the period of rumen fluid and blood sampling (30 h of fasting in total). Blood (jugular vein) and rumen fluid samples were taken 15 min before and at various intervals after dosing with AA. Rumen fluid pH values were also recorded. In Experiment 1 the effects of administration of pure ascorbic acid (AA), ethyl cellulose‐coated ascorbic acid (EC) and silicone‐coated ascorbic acid (SC) were compared. All three types increased rumen fluid and blood plasma AA concentrations to a desirable level (500 µg ml−1 blood plasma or greater), with the maximum concentrations in both sites occurring 1 h after administration. The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC), the area under the curve corrected for baseline concentration (AUCB) and the maximum concentration (MAX) of AA in both rumen fluid and blood plasma were not significantly different among the three formulations of AA, indicating that all three were degraded at similar rates in the rumen and that their bioavailabilities were similar. Rumen pH decreased from approximately 7.0 to 5.0 within 1 h of administering each compound, increased to 6.0 after 4 h and then progressively increased to approximately 7.0 after 22 h. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the rumen‐buffering effect after dosing with AA with and without added sodium bicarbonate. Including NaHCO3 increased rumen pH by approximately 1 unit during the first hour after dosing and by 0.7–0.4 units thereafter. AUC and AUCB for rumen fluid were significantly lower for the AA + NaHCO3 group of deer than for the AA group (p < 0.05), indicating that increasing rumen pH increased the rate of ruminal destruction of AA. AUC, AUCB and MAX of AA in blood plasma were not statistically different between the two treatments (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the single large intraruminal AA dose technique could be used to consistently increase AUC, AUCB and MAX of AA in both rumen fluid and blood plasma. Methods for improving the efficiency of the technique are discussed.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Extractability and thermal stability of frozen hake (Merluccius merluccius) fillets stored at −10 and −30 °C
Authors: Careche Mercedes , del Mazo Maria Luisa , Fernández‐Martín Fernando 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe relationship between thermal stability changes and functionality loss was monitored in hake muscle fillets stored for 40 weeks at −10 and −30 °C. The evolution of changes in apparent viscosity, dimethylamine formation and extractability of muscle proteins in NaCl, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or SDS plus mercaptoethanol showed drastic differences as a function of temperature. At the higher storage temperature, both myosin heavy chain and collagen were the most severely unextracted in salt and SDS solutions, with actin becoming unextractable at the end of storage. Differential scanning calorimetry showed differences with storage time and temperature in both onset temperature and thermal denaturation enthalpy, mostly affecting the myosin transitions. Some protein denaturation occurred with little or no functionality loss. A considerably high fraction of hake muscle proteins remained in the native‐like condition even at the higher frozen storage temperature. In these conditions both apparent viscosity and myosin and actin extractability in NaCl were very low.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The diurnal pattern of ileal dry matter and endogenous ileal nitrogen flows in the growing pig
Authors: Hodgkinson Suzanne M , Moughan Paul J , Morel Patrick C H , Reynolds Gordon W 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe aim was to examine the diurnal pattern of endogenous nitrogen flow at the terminal ileum of the pig. Seven entire male pigs with a mean body weight of 58 kg had post‐valve T‐caecum (PVTC) cannulae surgically implanted for the collection of ileal digesta. The pigs were fed equal‐sized meals (10% of metabolic body weight, W0.75, per day) twice daily at 08:00 and 17:00. The semi‐synthetic diet included enzyme‐hydrolysed casein (<5000 Da, 100 g kg−1 diet) as the sole source of nitrogen (N). The diet also contained chromic oxide (6 g kg−1) as an indigestible marker. The pigs received the diet for an 8 day period, and digesta were continuously collected for 24 h periods (commencing at 08:00) on the fifth and eighth days. Digesta were analysed for dry matter (DM) and chromium (Cr), and endogenous N was determined in the precipitate + retentate fraction of the digesta following centrifugation and ultrafiltration (10 000 Da molecular weight cut‐off). The concentration of Cr expressed on a digesta DM basis and the ratio of endogenous N to Cr in the digesta were relatively constant over the 24 h digesta collection periods, with no statistically significant (P > 0.05) differences found for the latter measure in the digesta collected between 12:00 and 08:00. The endogenous N flow through the terminal ileum is the net effect of the secretion and reabsorption of endogenous N that occurs throughout the digestive tract. The net result of the latter two processes in the small intestine of the pig leads to a relatively constant endogenous N flow over time post‐feeding.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical analysis and photoprotective effect of an extract of wine from Jacquez grapes
Authors: Spagna Giovanni , Tomaino Antonio , Cimino Francesco , Barbagallo Riccardo N , Ventura Dario , Bonina Francesco , Saija Antonella 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe present study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo photoprotective activity of an extract of wine obtained from Jacquez (Vitis aestivalis‐cinerea × V vinifera) grapes (JW‐E). The chemical profile of the JW‐E was characterised by a significant level of proanthocyanidins, together with lower amounts of anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids. The antioxidant activity of the JW‐E was assessed by means of various in vitro tests (bleaching of the stable 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical; peroxidation, induced by the water‐soluble radical initiator 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) hydrochloride, on mixed dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/linoleic acid unilamellar vesicles; UV radiation‐induced peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine multilamellar vesicles). In all in vitro tests employed, the JW‐E proved to possess strong antioxidant/free radical‐scavenging effectiveness. Furthermore, when topically applied, a gel formulation containing the JW‐E afforded significant in vivo protection against UVB light‐induced skin erythema (monitored by reflectance spectrophotometry) in healthy human volunteers.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymes of the small intestine of the calf: effect of dietary protein source on the activities of some enzymes in the small intestinal mucosa and digesta
Authors: Montagne Lucile , Salgado Paulo , Toullec René , Lallès Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary protein source on the morphology and enzyme activities in the small intestinal mucosa and digesta of preruminant calves. The control diet contained skim milk powder. Plant proteins from soy concentrate (unhydrolysed or partially hydrolysed) and potato concentrate were incorporated into experimental diets. Duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosal biopsies and digesta were collected from calves fitted with simple cannulae and continuously infused with milk replacers into the abomasum. Biopsies were used for morphology measurements. The activity of dipeptidylpeptidase IV, aminopeptidases, lactase and alkaline phosphatase was estimated in biopsies and digesta. Incorporating plant protein had a limited effect on the intestinal mucosa. A partial villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia were noted with the soy concentrate only. Decreases in the activity of dipeptidylpeptidase IV with the potato concentrate diet and of aminopeptidase N and lactase with the hydrolysed soy concentrate diet, were also observed in ileal biopsies. Mucosal enzymes were released in the lumen and most of them accumulated in digesta of the distal small intestine. The activity of aminopeptidase N and lactase in ileal digesta was higher in calves fed the soy and potato concentrate diets than in those fed the control diet.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of previous chilled storage on rancidity development in frozen horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)
Authors: Aubourg Santiago P , Lehmann Ines , Gallardo José M 
Published: November 2002

AbstractRancidity development during frozen storage (−20 °C) of an underutilised medium‐fat‐content fish species, horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), was studied. Special attention was given to the effect of previous chilled storage (0, 1, 3 and 5 days) on the quality of the frozen fish. For this, chemical (free fatty acid and conjugated diene contents; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA‐i; fluorescent compound formation) and sensory (rancid odour and taste) analyses were carried out. Hydrolytic rancidity showed an increase with frozen storage time; however, no effect of previous chilling time was observed on the frozen product. Oxidative rancidity measured by chemical (PV, TBA‐i and fluorescence) and sensory (odour and taste) indices increased with frozen storage time and also with previous chilling time. Satisfactory quality was maintained up to 7 months of frozen storage of horse mackerel provided that a short chilling time (not longer than 3 days) was employed.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of phytase inclusion and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the performance and nutrient retention of grower–finisher pigs fed barley/wheat/soya bean meal‐based diets
Authors: Brady S M , Callan J J , Cowan D , McGrane M , O'Doherty J V 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) level and calcium (Ca)/total P (tP) ratio on the efficacy of microbial phytase. Experiment 1 examined the effects of P concentration and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance, while experiment 2 examined the effects of Ca/tP ratio and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance. In experiment 1, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n = 4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (T1) 5.5 g kg−1 tP, 2.3 g kg−1 available P (aP) and 8.0 g kg−1 Ca, (T2) 5.5 g kg−1 tP, 2.3 g kg−1 aP, 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 Peniophora lycii phytase, (T3) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 1.4 g kg−1 aP and 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and (T4) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 1.4 g kg−1 aP, 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 P lycii phytase. In experiment 2, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n = 4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (TT1) 4.3 g kg−1 tP and 8.0 g kg−1 Ca, (TT2) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 P lycii phytase, (TT3) 4.3 g kg−1 tP and 5.0 g kg−1 Ca and (TT4) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 5.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 P lycii phytase. All diets were formulated, using standard feeding values for the ingredients, to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and lysine. In experiment 1, pigs offered the low‐P diets had significantly lower P intake (P < 0.001), faecal P excretion (P < 0.05), Ca intake (P < 0.05) and faecal Ca excretion (P < 0.05) compared with pigs given the adequate‐P diets. These pigs also had significantly lower daily gain (P < 0.01), feed intake (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The inclusion of phytase in both the adequate‐ and low‐P diets increased the digestibility of energy (P < 0.05) and Ca (P < 0.01) but had no effect on pig performance. In experiment 2, lowering the Ca/tP ratio from 1.85:1 to 1.15:1 increased the DE content of the diet (P < 0.05). The inclusion of phytase increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of protein (0.874 versus 0.840, SEM 0.009) and Ca (0.427 versus 0.380, SEM 0.019) as well as the DE content of the diet (14.47 versus 14.26 MJ kg−1, SEM 0.073). There was a significant ratio × phytase interaction (P < 0.5) for P digestibility. Microbial phytase significantly increased P digestibility when added to the 1.15:1 ratio diet but had no effect when added to the 1.85:1 ratio diet. The
inclusion of microbial phytase increased feed intake (2.16 versus 2.00 kg day−1, SEM 0.05; P < 0.05) and weight gain (0.893 versus 0.818 kg day−1, SEM 0.022; P < 0.05). Lowering the Ca/tP ratio resulted in a significant improvement in FCR (2.32 versus 2.40 kg kg−1, SEM 0.03; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the beneficial effects of microbial phytase supplementation of pig diets are adversely affected by a wide Ca/tP ratio.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry