bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning helps, behavioral disengagement does not: coping and depression in the spouses of heart transplant candidates
Authors: Burker Eileen J , Evon Donna , Loiselle Marci Marroquin , Finkel Jerry , Mill Michael 
Published: September 2005

Abstract:  Objective:  To describe the coping strategies used by the spouses of cardiac patients who are pursuing heart transplant and to determine whether coping strategies predict depression in these spouses.Method:  This is a cross‐sectional design with 28 spouses (86% female) of cardiac patients who were being evaluated for heart transplant at a large medical center. Coping styles were measured using the COPE Inventory (Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK, J Pers Soc Psychol 1989: 56: 267). Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Radloff LS, Appl Psychol Meas 1977: 1: 385).Results:  Spouses reported using adaptive coping strategies more than the less adaptive strategies. Increased levels of depression were positively correlated with ‘behavioral disengagement’ and negatively correlated with ‘planning’ coping strategies.Conclusions:  Most studies find that maladaptive coping styles are associated with psychological distress. Consistent with these findings, we found that behavioral disengagement was associated with increased levels of depression. However, in the present study the more adaptive coping strategy of planning was associated with lower levels of psychological distress. These findings suggest that in the spouses of heart transplant candidates, both maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies may serve as markers of the presence or absence of emotional distress and thus may help in identifying spouses who may benefit from psychological, social work, or nursing interventions.
The natural history of renal function following orthotopic heart transplant
Authors: Al Aly Ziyad , Abbas Samer , Moore Eric , Diallo Ousmane , Hauptman Paul J , Bastani Bahar 
Published: September 2005

Abstract: Background: The outcome of solid organ transplantation has dramatically improved after the introduction of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine. With the increasing longevity of heart transplant recipients, the long‐term effects of cyclosporine on renal function have become more evident. The natural history of kidney function following orthotopic heart transplant is not well defined and long‐term follow up studies are scant.Methods: We conducted an observational study on patients who received a heart transplant at Saint Louis University Hospital between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1988. Patients were followed up for 15 yr or until death whichever occurred first. In order to assess the effect of heart transplantation and cyclosporine exposure on long‐term renal function we restricted the statistical analysis to patients who survived the first year post‐transplantation.Results: A total of 68 patients received orthotopic heart transplants at Saint Louis University Hospital between 1983 and 1988. Forty‐eight (71%) patients survived for more than 1 yr. All patients were treated with cyclosporine based triple immunosuppressive regimen, with gradual cyclosporine dose reduction over time. The mean duration of follow‐up was 8 yr. The estimated GFR at 5 and 10 yr post‐transplant were significantly lower than estimated GFR at baseline and 1 yr post‐transplant. There was no significant difference between estimated GFR at 15 yr and estimated GFR at baseline or 1 yr post‐transplant. The cumulative incidence of chronic renal failure (GFR ≤ 29 mL/min/1.73 m2) at 5, 10 and 15 yr was 4.2, 10.4 and 12.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). The cumulative incidence of severe chronic renal failure (GFR ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) at 5, 10 and 15 yr was 2.1, 8.3 and 8.3%, respectively. The mortality rate was 8, 37, and 52% at 5, 10, and 15 yr, respectively. The 10 and 15 yr survivors had an estimated GFR at 1 yr post‐transplant that was significantly higher than the non‐survivors. Age, pre‐transplantation estimated GFR, pre‐transplantation diabetes and pre‐transplantation hypertension are risk factors associated with ≥10 mL/min/1.73 m2decrement in estimated GFR.Conclusion: Heart transplant survivors beyond the first year post‐transplant have a significant decrease in renal function and significant mortality observed over time. Age, pre‐transplant GFR, pre‐transplant diabetes and pre‐transplant hypertension are important risk factors for decrement in renal function.
Hyperbaric oxygen attenuation of lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury involves heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Huang T.‐Y. , Tsai P.‐S. , Wang T.‐Y. , Huang C.‐L. , Huang C.‐J. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury. This beneficial effect of HBO involves inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and subsequent nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis. We sought to investigate the role of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) on this HBO inhibition of iNOS induction and acute lung injury in septic rat lungs.Methods:  Before the experiment, 72 rats were randomly allocated to receive HBO or air treatment. With or without HBO pre‐treatment, the rats were further divided into the following subgroups (n = 6): (i) LPS injection, (ii) normal saline (N/S) injection, (iii) hemin (a HO‐1 inducer) plus LPS, (iv) hemin alone, (v) tin protoporphyrin (SnPP; a HO‐1 inhibitor) plus LPS, and (vi) SnPP alone. All rats were maintained for 6 h and then sacrificed with a high‐dose pentobarbital injection. Lung injuries and relevant enzymes expression were thus assayed.Results:  Histological analysis, PMNs/alveoli ratio, and wet/dry weight ratio measurements demonstrated that LPS caused significant lung injury and HBO and/or hemin significantly attenuated this LPS‐induced lung injury. Increased pulmonary iNOS expression and NO production were associated with lung injury. Induction of HO‐1, by HBO and/or hemin, significantly attenuated this LPS‐induced iNOS expression and acute lung injury. SnPP, on the contrary, offset the effects of HBO and worsened the LPS‐induced lung injury.Conclusions:  HBO may act through inhibiting pulmonary iNOS expression to attenuate LPS‐induced acute lung injury in septic rats. Furthermore, this HBO attenuation of iNOS expression involves HO‐1 induction.
Blood‐borne factors possibly associated with post‐operative nausea and vomiting: an explorative study in women after breast cancer surgery
Authors: Oddby‐Muhrbeck E. , Eksborg S. , Helander A. , Bjellerup P. , Lindahl S. , Lönnqvist P. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  The pathophysiology behind post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is still not fully understood, especially with respect to gender. According to PONV risk scores, female gender is the strongest predictor for PONV. The risk for PONV after general anaesthesia for breast cancer surgery is 50–80%. The aim of the present explorative study was to identify blood‐borne factors that might be associated with the development of PONV in women undergoing breast cancer surgery as a basis for further studies.Methods:  Fifty patients were enrolled prospectively in the study. A standardized sevoflurane‐based anaesthetic was used. Blood samples for the analysis of vasopressin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, platelet count and blood glucose were taken at six pre‐determined time points peri‐operatively, and PONV was assessed during 24 h.Results:  PONV was found in 27 of 47 patients completing the study. Patients with PONV had a larger variability of the platelet count (P = 0.001), a reduced platelet count on the first post‐operative day (P = 0.02) and a less pronounced relationship between the platelet count and whole blood serotonin (P = 0.004) compared with non‐PONV patients. A lack of a decrease in epinephrine levels in response to the induction of anaesthesia (P = 0.03) and increased levels of vasopressin (P < 0.001), epinephrine (P = 0.005) and blood glucose (P = 0.004) were observed in the early post‐operative period in PONV patients.Conclusion:  Three different platelet‐associated factors and an altered epinephrine pattern were found to be associated with the occurrence of PONV after breast cancer surgery.
The proportion of intensive care unit admissions related to alcohol use: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Uusaro A. , Parviainen I. , Tenhunen J. J. , Ruokonen E. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for serious illnesses, and a history of chronic alcohol abuse adversely affects the outcome of critically ill patients. It is not known what proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions is related to alcohol use. Therefore, we investigated the proportion of emergency admissions related to alcohol.Methods:  A prospective cohort study was conducted in a university hospital ICU. All adult patients (n = 893) who underwent emergency admission to our ICU during a period of 1 year were studied.Results:  The admitting physician determined whether there was a relationship between alcohol use and admission. ICU and hospital mortality and ICU length of stay (LOS) were recorded. The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) was used for ICU resource use estimation. There was a relationship between alcohol use and admission in 24% (215/893) of admissions and, in 156/893 admissions (17.5%), this seemed to be definite. ICU LOS was 1.2 days (0.7; 2.3) (median; interquartile range) for alcohol‐related and 1.8 days (0.9; 3.6) for other admissions (P < 0.001). Patients with alcohol‐related admissions consumed 17.8% of ICU patient‐days and 18.7% of all accumulated TISS scores. ICU (8.8 vs. 10.5%, P = 0.603) and hospital (19.1 vs. 20.2%, P = 0.769) mortalities were no different between alcohol‐related and other admissions.Conclusion:  ICU admission is very often related to long‐term chronic and/or occasional alcohol use.
Effects of PentaLyte® and Voluven® hemodilution on plasma coagulation kinetics in the rabbit: role of thrombin‐fibrinogen and factor XIII‐fibrin polymer interactions
Authors: Nielsen V. G. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) administration has resulted in decreased hemostasis and fibrinogen (FI)‐thrombin‐(FIIa)‐Factor XIII (FXIII) interactions. I proposed to determine the hemostatic effect of hemodilution with PentaLyte® (6% HES, mean molecular weight 220 kDa) and Voluven® (6% HES, 130 kDa).Methods:  Rabbits were intravenously administered 20 ml/kg PentaLyte® or Voluven® (n = 8 per fluid) over 10 min. Plasma was obtained prior to, 1 min and 1 h after hemodilution. Thrombelastography was performed, with clot initiation (R, sec), clot propagation (α, degrees), and clot strength (shear elastic modulus, G, dynes/cm2) determined over 20 min. Celite‐activated samples had either no additions or addition of FI, FIIa or activated FXIII (FXIIIa) to restore protein content to pre‐diluted values.Results and conclusions:  While there were no significant differences between the groups, R significantly decreased 1 h after hemodilution compared with values observed before and 1 min after hemodilution, whereas α and G significantly decreased 1 min after hemodilution and then significantly, but only partially, increased 1 h after hemodilution compared with pre‐dilution values. Addition of FI, FIIa and FXIIIa significantly decreased R in both groups. α and G 1 min after hemodilution were significantly enhanced by FI, FIIa, FXIIIa in both groups; however, 1 h after hemodilution, rabbits administered PentaLyte® had α and G enhanced only by FI and FXIIIa addition, whereas animals administered Voluven® had α and G significantly enhanced by FI addition. PentaLyte® and Voluven® hemodilution initially diminishes FIIa‐FI and FXIIIa‐fibrin, but within an hour primarily inhibit FXIIIa‐fibrin interactions in the rabbit.
Post‐operative myocardial dysfunction does not affect the physiological response to early mobilization after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Kirkeby‐Garstad I. , Stenseth R. , Sellevold O. F. M. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  An acute increase in oxygen demand can be compensated for either by increased cardiac index (CI) or increased oxygen extraction, resulting in reduced mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2). We tested the hypothesis that post‐operative cardiac dysfunction may explain why oxygen extraction alone is increased during early mobilization after cardiac surgery.Methods:  Twenty patients with a pre‐operative ejection fraction > 50% were included in an open prospective observational study comparing the changes in SvO2 and hemodynamics during mobilizations immediately prior to surgery and on the first post‐operative morning.Results:  Mobilization induced an absolute reduction in SvO2 of 17.7 ± 7.4% pre‐ and 19.0 ± 5.5% post‐operatively (NS). ANOVA for a series of measurements throughout the mobilization sequence identified no different effect on SvO2 between pre‐ and post‐operative mobilizations (P = 0.567). The SvO2 level was reduced post‐operatively resulting in a SvO2 during standing exercise of 55% before and 49% after the surgery (P < 0.01). Mobilization increased the heart rate (HR) and decreased the stroke volume index (SVI), leaving CI unchanged. This response was similar pre‐ and post‐operatively (NS). Compared with pre‐operative measurements, CI and HR increased post‐operatively while SVI remained unchanged despite elevated cardiac filling pressures and reduced systemic vascular resistance. The left ventricular stroke work index was reduced, indicating reduced myocardial performance.Conclusion:  Myocardial function was reduced on the first morning after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but during post‐operative mobilization this reduction did not significantly influence the changes in CI or SvO2.
Changes in intravenous immunoglobulin prescribing patterns during a period of severe product shortages, 1995–2000
Authors: Pendergrast J. M. , Sher G. D. , Callum J. L. 
Published: September 2005

Background and Objectives  Canadian consumption of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has increased dramatically since it was first marketed in the early 1980s, and Canada is now the world's largest per capita consumer. During the late 1990s, worldwide product shortages of IVIG occurred. This study was designed to identify the disease conditions for which IVIG was being prescribed in academic hospitals during this period, and to explore the effects that IVIG shortages had on prescribing patterns.Materials and Methods  Blood bank and pharmacy records of IVIG distribution were collected retrospectively from four Toronto teaching hospitals for the period 1995–2000. These records were then cross‐referenced with patient medical records to determine the indication for IVIG administration.Results  A total of 100 208 g of IVIG was prescribed to 429 patients over a 6‐year period. Most of the IVIG consumption was in patients with haematological (22%) or neurological (20%) conditions, in recipients of bone marrow transplants (19%) and in patients with infectious disease‐related conditions (including congenital and acquired hypogammoglobulinaemia, 18%). Dermatological conditions (7%) were the most rapidly growing indication for IVIG usage during the 6‐year period of review, increasing from 0% of annual IVIG usage in 1995 to 16% in 2000. Over 80% of the diseases treated were supported by published recommendations. After 1997 there was an abrupt decline in the annual number of patients treated, primarily owing to a decline in single‐use recipients. Annual consumption of IVIG, however, remained stable.Conclusions  IVIG shortages were followed by a decrease in the number of single‐use recipients, who probably represented empirical use of IVIG; this had little effect on the total amount of IVIG distributed annually. Stricter adherence to currently available published recommendations may not be the optimal means of controlling IVIG use within an academic hospital setting. Rather, emphasis may be better placed on improving the evidence base upon which these recommendations are made, for example by conducting controlled prospective clinical trials.
Prediction of accuracy of estimated Mendelian sampling terms
Authors: Avendaño S. , Woolliams J.A. , Villanueva B. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThis study describes a general framework for predicting the accuracy of Mendelian sampling terms when truncation selection is applied on best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) estimated breeding values. A selection index approach is followed. The pseudo‐BLUP index is extended to include terms related to the Mendelian sampling term. Predicted accuracies are compared with those obtained through stochastic computer simulation. Good predictions for the accuracy of the Mendelian sampling term were obtained both at selection time and at convergence of long‐term contributions of selected candidates for a range of heritabilities and population structures. The prediction approach developed provides a key tool for obtaining predictions of genetic response from quadratic optimization that maximizes the rate of genetic progress while restricting the rate of inbreeding.
A fast algorithm for computing inbreeding coefficients in large populations
Authors: Sargolzaei M. , Iwaisaki H. , Colleau J.‐J. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryInbreeding coefficients of animals are required in many genetic analyses of livestock records. A modification of Colleau's indirect algorithm to compute inbreeding coefficients in large populations is presented. With overlapping generations, the modified algorithm evaluated all progeny of each sire simultaneously in one back and forth exploration of a reduced pedigree. Simulation for a relatively large number of generations, different number of sires, family sizes and mating designs showed that Colleau's algorithm was faster (from 1.2 to 143 times) than two other algorithms under comparison (Tier, modified Meuwissen and Luo), in all situations investigated. Modifying Colleau's algorithm considerably decreased computation time (from 50 to 89%), resulting in a very fast algorithm. The number of sires mostly affected computational efficiency of the modified algorithm, whereas family size and mating design had virtually no effect. In the updating situation, when only animals born in the last year were evaluated, given known inbreeding coefficients for the other, the modified algorithm was also fast compared with the other three algorithms. Memory requirements for the algorithms were also discussed.
Estimation of heritability for Tying‐up syndrome in the Thoroughbred racehorse by Gibbs sampling
Authors: Oki H. , Miyake T. , Hasegawa T. , Sasaki Y. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryTying‐up is a condition that primarily affects the muscles of horses. In this study, the heritability of the Tying‐up syndrome in the Thoroughbred racehorse was estimated by Bayesian analysis with Gibbs sampling based on the threshold model for binary traits. The data used were the clinical data in racehorses diagnosed by veterinarians of the Racehorse Clinics of Japan Racing Association from 2000 to 2003. The health status of the Tying‐up was treated as a binary trait. In the genetic analysis, the effect of changing the amount of the pedigree or inbreeding information on the estimation of heritability was investigated, too. The heritability estimates with non‐zero probability in the posterior densities were approximately 0.16–0.18 in minimum, suggesting that the heritability of the Tying‐up is not zero at least. The posterior density distributions of the heritability estimates were generally more pointed and sharp with using inbreeding coefficients than without using it, suggesting that more stable estimations were obtained when inbreeding coefficients were used. Among the different amounts of pedigree and inbreeding information, the heritabilities obtained with three or four generations of pedigree using inbreeding coefficients seems to be preferable, i.e. heritability of 0.42 or 0.43 for Tying‐up.
Prediction of inbreeding in commercial females maintained by rotational mating with partially isolated sire lines
Authors: Honda T. , Nomura T. , Mukai F. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe solution to the inbreeding problem for livestock breeds in commercial use is often complicated by hierarchical population structure, in which favourable genes are accumulated in the upper level of the hierarchy (breeding population) by artificial selection and the genetic progress achieved is transferred to the lower level through migration of males. When the breeding population is subdivided into several isolated lines, rotational mating with the lines has been shown to be quite an effective system to reduce the short‐ and long‐term inbreeding of commercial females in the lower level. In practice, however, some amount of migration should be allowed among the lines to reduce the rate of inbreeding in each line. In this study, we developed the recurrence equation for the inbreeding coefficient of the commercial females maintained by the rotational mating with partially isolated lines. Numerical computations were carried out to evaluate the effect of the migration on the efficiency of the rotational mating. It was shown that even with a small amount of migration among the lines, the inbreeding of commercial females is substantially inflated. However, when four or five lines are available, the inbreeding coefficient of commercial females can be suppressed to an acceptable level, irrespective of the effective size of line and the migration rate. Application of the mating system to the population of Japanese Black cattle was also examined.
Molecular cloning and characterization of bovine PRKAG3 gene: structure, expression and single nucleotide polymorphism detection
Authors: Yu S.L. , Kim J.E. , Chung H.J. , Jung K.C. , Lee Y.J. , Yoon D.H. , Lee S.H. , Choi I. , Bottema C.D.K. , Sang B.C. , Lee J.H. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe protein kinase adenosine monophosphate‐activated γ3‐subunit (PRKAG3) gene encodes a muscle‐specific isoform of the regulatory gamma‐subunit of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase, which plays a key role in regulating energy homeostasis in eucaryotes. It is well known that mutations in the PRKAG3 gene affect high glycogen content in the porcine skeletal muscle and, consequently, meat quality. The genomic structure and sequence of the bovine PRKAG3 were analysed from a Korean cattle BAC clone. The bovine PRKAG3 gene comprises 13 exons and spans approximately 6.8 kb on BTA2. From 5′ and 3′‐rapid amplification of cDNA ends experiments, the full‐length cDNA of bovine PRKAG3 has been identified, encoding a deduced protein of 465 amino acids. Two splice isoforms, generated by the alternative splicing of exon 2, were also identified. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that, similar to other species, the bovine PRKAG3 transcript was only expressed in skeletal muscle. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms, including two previously identified variants, were detected in four Bos taurus cattle breeds. The bovine PRKAG3 gene described in this study may be involved in muscle‐related genetic diseases or meat quality traits in cattle.