bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language-Aware Soft Prompting: Text-to-Text Optimization for Few- and Zero-Shot Adaptation of V &L Models
Authors: Bulat Adrian , Tzimiropoulos Georgios 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoft prompt learning has emerged as a promising direction for adapting V &L models to a downstream task using a few training examples. However, current methods significantly overfit the training data suffering from large accuracy degradation when tested on unseen classes from the same domain. In addition, all prior methods operate exclusively under the assumption that both vision and language data is present. To this end, we make the following 5 contributions: (1) To alleviate base class overfitting, we propose a novel Language-Aware Soft Prompting (LASP) learning method by means of a text-to-text cross-entropy loss that maximizes the probability of the learned prompts to be correctly classified with respect to pre-defined hand-crafted textual prompts. (2) To increase the representation capacity of the prompts, we also propose grouped LASP where each group of prompts is optimized with respect to a separate subset of textual prompts. (3) Moreover, we identify a visual-language misalignment introduced by prompt learning and LASP, and more importantly, propose a re-calibration mechanism to address it. (4) Importantly, we show that LASP is inherently amenable to including, during training, virtual classes, i.e. class names for which no visual samples are available, further increasing the robustness of the learned prompts. Expanding for the first time the setting to language-only adaptation, (5) we present a novel zero-shot variant of LASP where no visual samples at all are available for the downstream task. Through evaluations on 11 datasets, we show that our approach (a) significantly outperforms all prior works on soft prompting, and (b) matches and surpasses, for the first time, the accuracy on novel classes obtained by hand-crafted prompts and CLIP for 8 out of 11 test datasets. Finally, (c) we show that our zero-shot variant improves upon CLIP without requiring any extra data. Code will be made available.
Smart waste bin monitoring using IoT for sustainable biomedical waste management
Authors: Ishaq Aliyu , Mohammad Shamsuddeen Jumande , Bello Al-Amin Danladi , Wada Surajo Abubakar , Adebayo Adejimi , Jagun Zainab Toyin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSuboptimal management of healthcare waste poses a significant concern that can be effectively tackled by implementing Internet of Things (IoT) solutions to enhance trash monitoring and disposal processes. The potential utilisation of the Internet of Things (IoT) in addressing the requirements associated with biomedical waste management within the Kaduna area was examined. The study included a selection of ten hospitals, chosen based on the criterion of having access to wireless Internet connectivity. The issue of biomedical waste is significant within the healthcare sector since it accounts for a considerable amount of overall waste generation, with estimates ranging from 43.62 to 52.47% across various facilities. Utilisation of (IoT) sensors resulted in the activation of alarms and messages to facilitate the prompt collection of waste. Data collected from these sensors was subjected to analysis to discover patterns and enhance the overall efficiency of waste management practices. The study revealed a positive correlation between the quantity of hospital beds and the daily garbage generated. Notably, hospitals with a higher number of beds were observed to generate a much greater amount of waste per bed. Hazardous waste generated varies by hospital, with one hospital leading in sharps waste (10.98 kgd−1) and chemical waste (21.06 kgd−1). Other hospitals generate considerable amounts of radioactive waste (0.60 kgd−1 and 0.50 kgd−1), pharmaceuticals, and genotoxic waste (16.19 kgd−1), indicating the need for specialised waste management approaches. The study sheds light on the significance of IoT in efficient waste collection and the need for tailored management of hazardous waste.
Lokale Hauptwahl oder nationale Nebenwahl?
Authors: Graeb Frederic , Bernhagen Patrick 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungKommunalwahlen werden nicht zuletzt aufgrund ihrer geringen Wahlbeteiligung häufig als nationale Nebenwahlen betrachtet. Die Fokussierung der Nebenwahlperspektive auf nationale Einflussfaktoren führt jedoch zu einer Unterbewertung lokaler Heterogenität. Der Artikel untersucht, inwiefern lokale Kontextfaktoren, insbesondere Gemeindegröße, Wahl- und Parteiensysteme sowie die wahrgenommene Bedeutung der kommunalen Ebene einen Beitrag zur Erklärung von Beteiligungsunterschieden zwischen Kommunalwahlen leisten. Dazu analysieren wir die Wahlbeteiligung bei den Kommunalwahlen 2014 in neun Bundesländern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Wahlsysteme freier Listen einen negativen Einfluss auf die Wahlbeteiligung haben. Die Erwartung, dass die kommunale Wahlbeteiligung mit steigender Gemeindegröße abnimmt, kann hingegen nur mit Einschränkung bestätigt werden. Auch kann ein Einfluss des lokalen Parteiensystems nur unter Vorbehalt nachgewiesen werden. Gemeinden mit nationalisiertem Parteiensystem genießen zwar eine höhere Wahlbeteiligung, aber der Effekt ist nur von geringem Umfang und kann lediglich auf der Aggregatdatenebene geschätzt werden. In Einklang mit der Nebenwahlthese zeigt sich schließlich, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit der individuellen Wahlteilnahme mit der wahrgenommenen Bedeutung der Kommunalwahlen steigt.
Phase Transformation-Induced Interfacial Debonding of Silica Inclusions in Iron
Authors: Hernández-Escobar David , Slagter Alejandra , Gheysen Julie , Mortensen Andreas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe document that in unstressed, undeformed, samples of pure iron containing silica inclusions precipitated by melt deoxidation, the iron matrix and a small fraction of the silica inclusions are locally separated at room temperature by a void. Thermal cycling, picnometry, dilatometry, and nano-holotomography experiments are combined to demonstrate that those voids originate from silica inclusion/iron matrix interfacial debonding during cooldown from elevated processing temperatures, resulting from the volumetric expansion that accompanies the austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation.
Cross-Validating the Atypical Response Scale of the TSI-2 in a Sample of Motor Vehicle Collision Survivors
Authors: Nussbaum Shayna H. , Ales Francesca , Giromini Luciano , Watson Mark , Erdodi Laszlo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the utility of the Atypical Responses (ATR) scale of the Trauma Symptom Inventory – Second Edition (TSI-2) as a symptom validity test (SVT) in a medicolegal sample. Archival data were collected from a consecutive case sequence of 99 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation following a motor vehicle collision. The ATR’s classification accuracy was computed against criterion measures consisting of composite indices based on SVTs and performance validity tests (PVTs). An ATR cutoff of ≥ 9 emerged as the optimal cutoff, producing a good combination of sensitivity (.35-.53) and specificity (.92-.95) to the criterion SVT, correctly classifying 71–79% of the sample. Predictably, classification accuracy was lower against PVTs as criterion measures (.26-.37 sensitivity at .90-.93 specificity, correctly classifying 66–69% of the sample). The originally proposed ATR cutoff (≥ 15) was prohibitively conservative, resulting in a 90–95% false negative rate. In contrast, although the more liberal alternative (≥ 8) fell short of the specificity standard (.89), it was associated with notably higher sensitivity (.43-.68) and the highest overall classification accuracy (71–82% of the sample). Non-credible symptom report was a stronger confound on the posttraumatic stress scale of the TSI-2 than that of the Personality Assessment Inventory. The ATR demonstrated its clinical utility in identifying non-credible symptom report (and to a lesser extent, invalid performance) in a medicolegal setting, with ≥ 9 emerging as the optimal cutoff. The ATR demonstrated its potential to serve as a quick (potentially stand-alone) screener for the overall credibility of neuropsychological deficits. More research is needed in patients with different clinical characteristics assessed in different settings to establish the generalizability of the findings.
Paleoclimatic Influence on the Evolution of the Late Quaternary Clastic Sediments, Northwestern Arabian Sea
Authors: Dev Vikas , Sahu Anil Kumar , Kumar Suman , Rai A.K. , Das S.S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sedimentological characteristics of the clastic sediments deposited in the Northwestern Arabian Sea at the ODP core sites 723A and 722B are used to reconstruct the paleoclimatic changes recorded during the last 150 kyrs. ODP site 723A is situated at 808 m water depth on the continental margin of Oman, whereas ODP site 722B is located at 2028 m water depth on the Owen Ridge. Clay minerals such as palygorskite, illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite, and non-clay minerals, quartz and feldspar, are present in both cores. However, palygorskite and illite dominated the clay mineral assemblage at core 723A, and illite dominated over palygorskite in the clay mineral assemblage at core 722B. Illites are dominantly well crystalline, with slightly poorer crystallinity occurring during Holocene and inter-glacial stages. Chemically illites are Mg-rich with slightly Al-rich illites associated with aforesaid stages. The higher values of all moisture-clay based humidity tools (ratios of kaolinite/ illite, kaolinite/chlorite, smectite /(illite+chlorite), kaolinite/ palygorskite) are dominantly associated with stronger monsoon based weathering during the interglacial stages, Holocene and interstadial events. The increased total carbonate, elemental concentrations (calcium, barium and phosphorous) and decreased magnetic susceptibility values correlate with the enhanced monsoon intensities during the above events. Glacial stages and millennial-scale drier events (Heinrich, Younger Dryas and stadial events) are marked by the massive influx of wind borne terrigenous material, dominated by clay minerals with higher silicon and aluminium contents; they have increased sediment accumulation rates at both sites. The clay proxies and other sedimentological data demonstrate monsoonal oscillations at 40, 23, 6.3, 4.4 and 3.5kyr cycles in Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch time scales. The present study suggests that the detritus are mainly eolian and primarily originated from the nearby continental areas of Oman, the Arabian Peninsula, Persian Gulf and Iran-Makran regions. The northwesterly wind played a significant role in sediment transportation into the present sites throughout the studied period. The southwest summer and northeast winter monsoon winds played minor roles in the above activity during the interglacial and glacial stages, respectively. The Indus River discharges (predominantly of glacial origin), although low, have contributed some clay minerals in the deeper water core site.
A Comprehensive Study of the Armoured Mud Balls of Tajpur Coast, India
Authors: Das Dibyajyoti , Majumder Arijit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Flow velocity required for erosion of soft-sediment like mud is somewhat of the same order of magnitude as required to erode gravels because of the cohesiveness of mud. Tajpur beach, extreme south of West Bengal experiences erosion of muddy sediments and the outcome is mud balls, a rounded sedimentary structure, consisting of clay material. Desiccation cracks, bioturbation structures with low energetic waves are the root causes for the formation of mud balls. A detailed analysis shows that dimension of the mud balls has no control over their orientation. A trend in-between the transport distance and shape is found like that mud balls are deformed into rod like shapes as they cover longer distance from the source. Break up of cohesive soft-sediment provides fine sediment into the sand dominating environment, but attention needs in terms of management and protection of this sedimentary environment owing to coastal erosion.
Obesity as a risk factor in atrial fibrillation and heart failure
Authors: Jurica Jakub , Péč Martin Jozef , Benko Jakub , Bolek Tomáš , Galajda Peter , Mokáň Marián , Samoš Matej 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this article is to provide an insight into the role of obesity as a risk factor, and as a potential etiologic agent of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).

Methods
A narrative (non-systematic) review article summarizing currently available data regarding the interaction between obesity, AF and HF.

Results
Obesity is considered a risk factor of AF and chronic HF. Multiple recent studies indicate that obesity is also a potential causal factor in the development of AF and HF, the elucidation of pathological mechanisms of which could help devise new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for these conditions. The discussion about obesity in relation to HF cannot omit the so-called obesity paradox, which represents a dilemma for clinicians, and it is still a source of irregularities regarding the strategy of weight reduction in obese patients with HF. Recently, the obesity paradox has also been assumed to play a role in the relationship between obesity and thromboembolic complications of AF.

Conclusions
Obesity is an independent and modifiable risk factor for AF and HF. In addition, there is an increasing volume of experimental and clinical data that suggests an important role of the epicardial adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of AF. However, several issues, such as the issue of optimal pharmacotherapy and weight reduction strategy in obese patients with HF remains still unanswered, and open for future investigation.
Development and initial validation of the trait and state Mindful Eating Behaviour Scales
Authors: Mantzios Michail 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The quantitative assessment of mindful eating has been challenging, even with the latest additions to the field of multifactorial mindful eating psychometric tools. This manuscript presents the development, validity and reliability assessment of a trait and state Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale across four studies driven by recent theory (Mantzios in Nutr Health 27: 1–5, 2021).

Methods
Study 1 assessed the content validity of the scale through ratings of clinical and research experts in the field. Study 2 inspected the scale through exploratory and confirmatory factor, parallel, correlation, and reliability analyses. Study 3 assessed the temporal stability through a test–retest in a 2-week interval. Study 4 assessed the scale in a randomized control experimental design, where a mindful eating (vs. control group) received the trait scale before consuming chocolate, and an equivalent state scale was modified to assess state changes during the 10-min eating session.

Results
Study 1 yielded items to be reflective and concise of the definition of mindful eating behaviour. Study 2 indicated 2 potential factors through exploratory factor analyses, which were further verified through a parallel analysis, while subscales correlation indicated one-dimensionality, which was further verified through confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the internal consistency of the scale and subscales was good. Study 3 certified the reliability of the scale over time, while Study 4 indicated that both the trait and state scales were significant indicators of eating mindfully.

Conclusions
Together, all studies signal the utility of theoretically sound and empirically validated measurements for the replicable assessment of mindful eating behaviour.
Level of evidence: No level of evidence: basic science.
Minding the gap: discovering the phenomenon of chemical transmission in the nervous system
Authors: Bechtel William 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe neuron doctrine, according to which nerves consist of discontinuous neurons, presented investigators with the challenge of determining what activities occurred between them or between them and muscles. One group of researchers, dubbed the sparks, viewed the electrical current in one neuron as inducing a current in the next neuron or in muscles. For them there was no gap between the activities of neurons or neurons and muscles that required filling with a new type of activity. A competing group, the soups, came to argue for chemicals, subsequently referred to neurotransmitters, as carrying out the activities between neurons or between neurons and muscles. But even for them the conclusion that chemicals performed this activity was only arrived over time. I examine the prolonged period in which proponents of chemical transmission developed their account and challenged the sparks. My goal is to illuminate the epistemic processes that led to the discovery of a new scientific phenomenon—chemical transmission between neurons.
Freiheit in Maßen
Authors: Lammers Philipp 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Blankvers als ›ungebundener‹ Vers ist seit seiner Entstehung in der Renaissance Objekt lebhafter Diskussionen um die Freiheit der Dichtung. Grundlage dieser Diskussionen ist der Reim, dessen Fehlen neue Möglichkeiten der Darstellung eröffnet. Gegen die Fesseln des Reims wird der Blankvers im 18. Jahrhundert zunehmend zu einer Freiheitsform stilisiert, so die These des Artikels. Der Beitrag stellt die europaweiten Diskurse um den tragischen Blankvers bis 1800 ins Zentrum seiner Betrachtung. Er untersucht, welche poetologischen Potenziale der Form zugeschrieben und welche historischen und politischen Vorstellungen mit dem reimlosen Vers verknüpft werden.
Pflicht, Supererogation oder Pflicht zur Supererogation?
Authors: Tömmel Tatjana Noemi 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, den normativen Status der elterlichen Fürsorgearbeit zu klären: Fällt sie unter die Kategorie des Supererogatorischen, des Obligatorischen oder bewegt sie sich im Zwischenbereich der Quasi-Supererogation oder der erzwungenen Supererogation?
Obwohl supererogatorische Akte eine große Affinität zu der selbstlosen Fürsorge haben, die nach weit verbreiteter Auffassung die Haltung von Eltern auszeichnet, wurde der Status der Elternschaft innerhalb der Supererogationstheorie kaum diskutiert oder sogar explizit ausgeklammert. Durch die Verbindung der Supererogationstheorie mit aktuellen Diskursen innerhalb der Familienethik wird die Frage diskutiert, inwieweit Elternschaft, elterliche Fürsorge oder einzelne im Rahmen der Elternschaft auftretenden Handlungen oder Haltungen als obligatorisch, supererogatorisch oder erzwungen supererogatorisch verstanden werden können. Dabei argumentiert der Beitrag für folgende vier Thesen:
(1) Überhaupt Kinder zu bekommen, ist supererogatorisch; (2) Mit der Übernahme der Elternrolle entstehen weitreichende spezifische Verpflichtungen zur Wohltätigkeit, die außerhalb der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung als supererogatorisch gelten würden; (3) Bestimmte elterliche Handlungen und Haltungen können quasi-supererogatorisch oder supererogatorisch sein. (4) Paradoxerweise sind Eltern oft zu supererogatorischen Handlungen verpflichtet bzw. gezwungen.
Das primäre Ziel des Beitrages liegt in der analytischen Klärung des ethischen Status’ parentaler Handlungen und Haltungen. Angesichts der besonderen moralischen Anforderungen an Eltern werden im letzten Abschnitt kurz erläutert, dass die Gesellschaft als ganze Hilfspflichten hat, Eltern darin zu unterstützen, ihre außergewöhnlichen Pflichten erfüllen zu können.
Evaluating trap and lure combinations using Biotraps and Lynfield traps for the surveillance of Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and other tephritids in southern New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Dominiak B. C. , Bain C , Sharma N , Cooper D 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFruit fly surveillance remains essential for international and domestic trade. The dry cuelure baited Lynfield trap has been the Australian standard since the early 1990s. Here, we tested the two versions of Biotraps against the Lynfield traps in the Riverina area of New South Wales. The Biotraps using a protein gel performed significantly better in trapping Island fly and female Queensland fruit fly. Also, Biotraps were assessed as at least equal to or superior to Lynfield traps for trapping male Queensland fruit fly. However, the number of Newman fly trapped exhibited no significant difference between the two trap types in both time periods A and B. We discuss differences in trap architecture, toxicants and lures between the two traps, along with benefits for storage and transport.
From Theory to Implementation in Practice: A Qualitative Case Study of the Implementation of Virtual Reality in Mental Healthcare
Authors: Kip Hanneke , Buitelaar-Huijsse Gillian K. G. , Kouijzer Marileen T. E. , Kelders Saskia M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile virtual reality (VR) shows much promise for treatment of psychiatric disorders, it is not widely used in practice. Models as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) can be used to guide implementation, but not much is known about how to translate these models into concrete implementation processes. To identify relevant implementation factors, accompanying objectives and strategies, and points of improvement for the implementation of VR in mental healthcare. This case study took place at two organizations for mental healthcare. In Phase 1, an implementation plan with factors, objectives and strategies was developed based on the CFIR, previous research, and experiences from practice. In Phase 2, therapists’ experiences with the implementation process were identified via interviews. Deductive coding with the previously identified factors was used to investigate if and how the factors were experienced and to identify points of improvement regarding the accompanying objectives and strategies. Implementation factors, objectives, and strategies were identified for five domains: characteristics of therapists, patients, the intervention, inner setting and outer setting. In the interviews, few factors related to patients and the outer setting were identified. Points of improvement were related to available time for using VR, suitable skills training, and integration in treatment protocols and organizational structures. Our study showed that most formulated implementation factors were experienced by participants, but that there was room for improvement. Our findings underline the need for systematic and iterative development of multi-level implementation interventions, inspired by theories and framework from behavioural sciences.
Boosting vs. nudging sustainable energy consumption: a long-term comparative field test in a residential context
Authors: Paunov Yavor , Grüne-Yanoff Till 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Boosts and nudges are two separate types of behavioral public policies, distinguished by the mechanisms through which they operate. We investigated whether this theoretical distinction translates into different effects when instances of these policy types are implemented in the context of energy consumption. In a long-term field randomized controlled trial, we competitively tested boosts against nudges. We found that boosts outperform nudges throughout a seven-month period in a student dormitory setting – both in terms of accumulated energy savings, as well as in keeping consumption consistently low during the experimental period. Furthermore, we explored the processes behind the boosts and nudges through a number of mechanistic markers and showed that the tested interventions indeed are instances of the respective types.