bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kaiser, the Navy, and Weltpolitik
Authors: Kohut Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The wish that the German Kaiser and the German people be listened to in every corner of the world found expression in the burning ambition to practice Weltpolitik, to practice world politics. Events during the reign of Wilhelm II that otherwise seem unintelligible or unrelated become comprehensible and consistent if they are understood as manifestations of the demand that the Reich be accepted and respected as a great world power: the founding of the Pan-German League in 1891 and of the Naval League in 1899; the Kruger telegram in 1896; the German occupation ofKiaochow in 1897; the Kaiser’s visit to the Holy Land in 1898; the Samoan tangle and the Samoan treaty in 1899; the conflict over the construction of a Mittellandkanal in 1899; the reaction to the Boxer Rebellion in 1900; the Bagdad railway; German conduct in the Moroccan crises of 1905 and 1911; the deterioration of Anglo-German relations; and the building of a German battlefleet. So perplexing from the per spective of Bismarckian Realpolitik, German naval development becomes readily intelligible if world politics are understood from the perspective of Gefuhlspolitik, the Wilhelmian politics of feeling.’ It was appropriate, therefore, that the Kaiser regarded the construction of a high seas’ fleet to be his grandest achievement. Bringing his subjects to share his feeling that a mighty navy represented national strength and would therefore secure international recognition for the Reich was the culmination of Wilhelm II’s symbolic leadership of the Germans.
Between the British and the Germans
Authors: Kohut Thomas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before concluding this study of Wilhelm II, it is necessary to consider one last area of his political activity that is as significant as it is puzzling: the Kaiser’s attitude and policy toward England. From the moment of his birth, England played an important role in Wilhelm’s life. Through his mother and other English relatives, English values and attitudes were deeply rooted in his psyche. It is not too much to say that he possessed a partial English identity. At the same time Wilhelm’s affiliation with England created personal and political difficulties for him. Because of its association with figures in his life who were psychologically important and problematic, Victoria par excellence, England was a country about which Wilhelm had powerful and decidedly mixed feelings.
Introduction
Authors: Peterson William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The papers presented as chapters in this volume have been selected by the Program Committee from among those presented at the Eighth International Conference on Input -Output Techniques, held in August 1986 in Sapporo, Japan. The Conference was made possible by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), which gave financial and organizational help, and the University of Hokkaido, which hosted the event. On behalf of all those who attended the Conference I would like to thank both for their efforts. It is clear from the wide range of papers presented at the Conference and from the worldwide home bases of the participants that input-output analysis has become an essential tool of applied economics. Yet it would be misleading in this introduction lo ignore the fact that, particularly in the developed market economics, the combination of the evolution of macroeconomic theory since the early 1970s and the methodological insistence that models must be based on analysis of the optimizing behavior of rational agents threatens to distance input--output analysis from “mainstream” economics. Since I believe that both of these fields would lose from such a development, it seems appropriate here both to discuss factors that have contributed to it and to suggest how input-output economics can learn from, and also contribute to, the more general development of empirical economics.
Private-Led Technical Change in Prewar Japanese Agriculture
Authors: Nagata Shin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of our research is twofold: to build a model in which agricultural producers themselves carry out innovative activities, and to apply the model to prewar Japanese agriculture in order to test its empirical validity. We believe that the construction of such a model, and its empirical verification, are essential to acquiring a deeper understanding of prewar Japanese agricultural development.
A Planning Scheme Combining Input-Output Techniques with a Consumer Demand Analysis: A Concept and Preliminary Estimates for Poland
Authors: Podkaminer Leon , Wyznikiewicz Bohdan , Zienkowski Leszek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If the flexibility of wages and consumer prices is low, some degree of disequilibrium in consumer markets may be unavoidable. (Also, as developments in the market situation in Poland during the period 1980-1985 have proved, high-but misguided--flexibility of prices and wages may bring about accelerating inflation without substantial equilibration of the markets.) However, the structure of the “exogenously” prescribed vector of private consumption and the resulting size of the wage fund may both significantly contribute to market disequilibria.
Design For Manufacturing In An Environment Of Continuous Change
Authors: Sanderson Susan Walsh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objectives of design for manufacturing (DFM) are to identify product concepts that are inherently easy to manufacture, to focus on component design for ease of manufacturing and assembly, and to integrate manufacturing process design and product design to ensure better matching of needs and requirements. Most research on design for manufacturing has focused on the interaction between design and manufacturing in the development of initial prototypes for new products and ignored the problem of upgrades, extensions, and enhancements to products that occur in the normal life cycle of a product. Design for manufacturing is often interpreted as “get it right the first time” with little if any concern for the management of the design process over time.
Modular Design And The Economics Of Design For Manufacturing
Authors: Shirley Gordon v. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the past two decades there have been a number of fundamental trends that have affected manufacturing-based industries. Among the more significant of these have been a rapid rate of development of new materials and material processing technologies, a large increase in the number of international players, and a growing integration of global markets. Together these changes have had a significant impact on the nature of competition. As a result, manufacturers in the affected industries have had to develop new approaches to remain competitive.
Holmes, Posner, and Efficient Breach
Authors: Laycock Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mistaken belief that specific remedies are exceptional and damages the norm is central to one of the most famous and pro vocative claims in legal scholarship. This is the claim that in a wide range of circumstances, people are entitled to violate the rights of others so long as they pay the resulting damages.1 But if courts generally stand ready to grant specific relief where feasible, then there is no such entitlement.
Introduction
Authors: Morton Michael S Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Management in the 1990s Research Program was created in 1984 to examine the profound impact that information technology (IT) is having on organizations of all kinds. Its mission was to explore how IT will affect the way organizations will be able to survive and prosper in the competitive environment of the 1990s and beyond. This book is the “final report” of the program. The program began with two basic premises:
The Past and Present as a Window on the Future
Authors: vates Joanne , Benjamin robert i. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is shown in Figure 3-1. This chapter considers the MIT90s framework from a historical perspective, beginning with the development of the telegraph in the mid-1800s. By understanding changes accompanying information technology in the past we will be better able to understand its future possibilities as well as what is necessary to realize them.
Impact of IT on Jobs and Skills
Authors: Osterman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the parts of the 1990s model highlighted in Figure 8-1. The impact of information technology on the organization is contingent upon its context. We have already seen in Part II of this book the importance of the external environment, particularly the dynamics of industry structure under the new forces of IT. Part II also discussed new strategic options available for exploitation.
The Popperian School
Authors: Redman Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a certain risk involved in grouping Popper, Lakatos, Feyerabend, and Bartley together under the heading “the Popperian school.” Their philosophies are in some ways glaringly divergent. Despite their differences, their works do have common features: perhaps most important, they take Popper’s philosophy as their starting point. Lakatos, Feyerabend, and Bartley were all Popper’s students and have achieved a reputation of their own. The Popperian school is hardly limited to the small group that will be discussed here.
Conclusions
Authors: Redman Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have purposefully concluded with the role of the history of science because it has been serving as a thorny reminder to philosophers of science that their canons of rationality do not always correspond to actual practice. Although swinging too far to the opposite (sociological) extreme, the historical aspects have certainly brought to light many of the difficulties of the modern philosophy of science. Those historically minded philosophers, remarks Kuhn (1977g, p. 121), “have at least raised problems that the philosophy of science is no longer likely to ignore.… There is as yet no developed and matured ‘new philosophy’ of science.” The ideas of the historically oriented philosophers of science are still evolving. Hence, it is impossible at this juncture to assess how the school will fare.
Sir Karl Popper’s Philosophy of the Social Sciences: A Disjointed Whole
Authors: Redman Deborah A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unlike many philosophers of science who generally concern themselves only with physics, Popper has aimed at influencing the social sciences. Whereas in the English-speaking world Popper is most often associated with his Logic of Scientific Discovery, where he first develops his falsification thesis, in the German-speaking world Popper is regarded as one of the world’s most important philosophers of social science (Popper, 1987c, p. 54).
It is unfortunate that there seems to be no full treatment of Popper’s philosophy of the social sciences, or of economics, his favorite social science. If one wants to assess whether and to what extent economists have used and benefited from Popper’s philosophy, one must inevitably first understand Popper’s philosophy itself.
Introduction
Authors: London Nancy R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Japanese corporate philanthropy is predominantly a phenomenon of the postwar era and, in particular, of the period of rapid reindustrialization of the country that became evident in the mid-1960s. Large-scale international corporate philanthropy-of the type that has grabbed headlines in the United States and Europe-is even newer, having begun with the Mitsubishi Group’s $1 million gift to Harvard Law School in 1972 and been followed in rapid and dramatic succession by the Sumitomo Group’s contribution of $2 million to Yale University in 1973 and the Mitsui Group’s donation of $1 million to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974.
Taxation
Authors: London Nancy R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tax-exempt status follows automatically from the granting of non-profit status to an organization by the supervising ministry and, as such, is subject to all the discretion inherent in that approval process. The rules that govern the deductibility of contributions, on the other hand, are within the purview of the Finance Ministry and are laid down with greater specificity, though still subject to a great deal of discretion. In this chapter we shall consider the major provisions of the tax law affecting nonprofit organizations, as well as some problems with the current system and proposals for reform.
Organizational Change and Decision Making About New Technology
Authors: Thomas Robert J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent reports on the “state of manufacturing” emphasize the critical role technology can play in the achievement of strategic advantage.1 Two of the key requirements for gaining strategic advantage through technology are speed, particularly in the movement from concept to implementation, and effectiveness or usability of the new technique or system. Unfortunately, the studies that make these claims tend to underplay the complex organizational challenges which can slow the development and introduction of new technology and, in some cases, prevent its most effective use. For example, efforts to implement new technology can be stymied by existing organizational structures, especially when technology implies changes that threaten the distribution of authority, responsibility, and status among different functions, occupations, and professional groups (Crozier, 1964; Pettigrew, 1973). However, it is important to recognize that new technology also challenges the “historical” organization, that is, the routines, vested interests, and customs that accumulate as an organization ages. Technologyinduced changes in organizational structure may be difficult and even painful.
Work, Labor, and Action: Work Experience in a System of Flexible Production
Authors: Piore Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1987 the Institute of Labour Studies of the International Labour Organization in Geneva has been examining the changing size distribution of firms in industrial economies. At the heart of the Institute’s work is a set of commissioned papers reviewing the evolution of small businesses in nine countries. The papers collect both quantitative evidence and qualitative material, drawn largely from case studies of industrial regions where small business has been particularly prominent. The papers confirm the general impression of policymakers and practitioners that in all of these countries there has been a trend, since the 1970s, toward smaller business units. This represents a reversal of the trends of earlier postwar decades, which in some countries can be traced back to the nineteenth century, toward large business units (Sengenberger and Loveman, 1987). Most surprising, however, is the finding that many small businesses —or at least the industrial districts that are constituted by them —exhibit a dynamism in the creation of new products and in the evolution of productive technology which we conventionally associated with large corporate organizations.
Transition: From There to Here
Authors: Lane Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Urban black history in the 20th century has not moved along straight lines. Its three major themes for the purposes of this book are, first, the basic migration from farm to city; second, the assault on racism and move toward acceptance; and third, the change in economic opportunity and conditions, from those of wage-earners and the unemployed at the bottom to educated professionals at the top. The first two have proceeded unevenly, in fits and starts, but generally up; economic conditions have followed an even more complex path, sometimes up and sometimes down. Americans in general were aware of the first two movements as they occurred, as African-Americans were ever more visible on city streets, and the milestones in their long battle for dignity and inclusion were visible in the daily papers, or later on television. Some of the social problems with economic roots, notably rising rates of crime, were also all too apparent. But in general the basic economic situation was not as clear as the more dramatic events which made the headlines, from the Great Migration and Harlem Renaissance of the 191Os and 1920s to the protests and later riots of the 1960s and 1970s. The muse of history, Minerva’s owl, “flies at dusk,” surveying the day only after its close, and it often took years to compile the dry statistics which trace economic and educational trends, and even more years for this historian, at least, to appreciate what they meant.
College Track: From the Paper Chase to Olympic Gold
Authors: Smith Ronald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
sports, while crew and baseball were supreme before the rise of the gridiron game. Track and field became the fourth major college sport of the 1800s, and, like the other three, was imported from the British Isles. Track, of course, was much older than British history or even written history. One may recall that Odysseus won the foot race in Homer ‘s Iliadwhen the goddess Athena made Aias slip in manure, causing the victim to spit out cow dung rather than receive the silver bowl which went to the winner. While the silver trophy remained symbolic of track success, track and field in America never attained the status of baseball, crew,or football, or of running in ancient Greece.
The Swarthmore Case: An Addendum on Freedom
Authors: Smith Ronald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A liberal arts college located outside of Philadelphia at Swarth more was small, peace-loving, and Quaker. The time was 1907. The Swarthmore incident came about during the turmoil surrounding football ethics and brutality. While Swarthmore was not one of the athletic powers of the east, it was represented at the original Mac Cracken meeting to “ban or reform “ football late in 1905, and had voted with the 8-5 majority toreform rather than abolish the game. It sent a delegate to the original meeting of the NCAA that same December, and it was a charter member of the NCAA. Unlike Columbia and Union colleges in the east, Swarthmore continued to play football under the reformed rules.
Coherence In Psychotic Discourse
Authors: Ribeiro Branca Telles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based on analysis of two psychiatric interviews, this book investigates ways of establishing coherence in the discourse of a thought-disordered patient. In the first interview, the patient is diagnosed as being in an acute psychotic state. In the second, the same patient is considered to be fully recovered and ready to be discharged from hospital. Ribeiro concludes that psychotic discourse, while incoherent on the level of topic, is coherent on another - that of frame. Hence both topic and frame analysis contribute to an understanding of psychotic discourse and of the contexts of talk where discourse emerges.
Coherence in Psychotic Talk
Authors: Ribeiro Branca Telles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Entering another world-the inner world-can be a lonely experience for the traveler and a mystery to us who are left behind. Only by listening to the voices of those who have stepped beyond can we come closer to them. In listening we may find meaning and coherence. This is the opening of a psychiatric interview between a patient and a doctor. The interview takes place two days after sixty-one-year-old Jurema has been hospitalized in an acute psychotic crisis. The most striking and repetitive aspect of the patient’s behavior reveals a psychological regression as she assumes the role of a child and establishes with her real audience-the doctor-a mother-daughter relationship.
Frame Analysis In The Admitting Interview: Where Coherence Emerges
Authors: Ribeiro Branca Telles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As one listens to Dona Jurema’s talk in the admitting interview, one has at first the impression of a totally fragmented and incoherent text. Chunks of language are connected in a seemingly illogical way, and new references are presented without any link to the previous talk. Doctor Edna, as a listener, feels that she cannot follow what the patient says, although she may be familiar with the vocabulary and the sentence structure patterns. The patient, as a speaker, seems uninterested in participating in the encounter proposed by the doctor.
The Judiciary Act of 1789: Political Compromise or Constitutional Interpretation?
Authors: Marcus Maeva , Wexler Natalie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Judiciary Act of 1789 has often been viewed as the embodiment of Article III of the Constitution.1 The assumption has some validity: many of those who had a hand in drafting the Judiciary Act also contributed to the framing of the Constitution. It is not unreasonable, for example, to presume that Oliver Ellsworth, the principal author of the Judiciary Act, had the same general conception of the federal judiciary in 1789 that he had had in 1787.2 But while Ellsworth may have had no doubt about the meaning of Article III, others in the First Congress did. Debates on the floor of the House of Representatives indicate that congressmen in 1789 found just as much ambiguity in the constitutional language as do judges and lawyers in 1989: each side was able to extract a constitutional clause supporting its position.
Temples of Justice: The Iconography of Judgment and American Culture
Authors: Kammen Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nineteenth-century Americans tended to be tardy in their com memorative observances, and the centennial of the Judiciary Act of 1789 turned out to be no exception. In September 1889, a commit tee formed by the New York City Bar Association finally got around to discussing a celebration planned for February 2, 1890. All the nation’s federal judges as well as New York State’s appellate judges were invited to attend. Better late than never. Then, on December 7, 1889, the Judiciary Centennial Committee met at the Federal Building in New York City to adopt a plan that had been submitted for festivities honoring the hundredth anniversary of the first sitting of the Supreme Court of the United States. It would take place on February 4, 1890, at the Metropolitan Opera House in Manhattan. Former president Grover Cleveland consented to preside over ceremonies attended by the entire Supreme Court. Following remarks by the chief justice, President Benjamin Harrison would give an address. The New York City Bar Association would hold a reception the next day in honor of the justices.
The Judiciary Act of 1789and Judicial Independence
Authors: Casper Gerhard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the more peculiar aspects of American historical conscious ness is the fact that we celebrated the bicentennial of the Bill of Rights in 1991 rather than, in analogy to the bicentennial of the Constitution, in 1989. Congressional agreement on the constitutional amendments was reached on September 24, 1789, and, but for the nonratification of two amendments, the Bill of Rights stands as adopted in 1789-at least as far as its text is concerned. If we viewed 1989 as the anniversary year of both the Judiciary Act and the Bill of Rights, we might give more weight to those elements of the Judiciary Act that are closely related to the Bill of Rights and that tell us much about attitudes toward the judiciary two years after the Constitutional Convention.