bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Samantabhadra and Rudra
Authors: Kapstein Matthew T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I do not propose to examine the historical origins of the myths of Samantabhadra and Rudra in the compass of the present chapter. Even limiting one’s field solely to Buddhist materials, it would be essential to consider an extensive body of Indian literature—above all, the many Buddhist tantras—even before seeking to elaborate peculiarly Tibetan developments. And in Tibet itself, we would have to investigate the manner in which the Indian versions of these myths were variously assimilated and transformed through the historical ramification of Tibetan Buddhism into a great number of distinct lineages and schools.
The Amnesic Monarch and the Five Mnemic Men
Authors: Kapstein Matthew T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the literature of the Great Perfection (rdzogschen) traditions of the Nyingmapa school of Tibetan Buddhism, the words dran-pa, “memory”(= Skt. smrti, smara,:za), and dran-med, “freedom from or loss of memory, unconsciousness, inattentiveness” (= Skt. vismrti, asmrti), are very frequently encountered, among other terms formed on the lexeme dran-, “to remember.” Though no systematic exegesis of the use of these terms within the tradition itself has yet come to my attention, it appears nonetheless possible to attempt a tentative account of the role of certain basic terms relating to memory in a few distinctive contexts.
Managing Delays
Authors: Lass Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a book that has quickly become a best-seller in modern management theory, Peter Senge points to the importance of incorporating the phenomenon of delays into the analysis of organizational behavior: Delays-”when the effect of one variable on another takes time”1-are, together with reinforcing and balancing feedbacks and limiting conditions, the basic components of the systems analysis advocated by Senge. Any organization or, for simplicity’s sake, any task that involves goal-oriented action, can be described as a series of mutually interdependent activities or, more exactly, feedback loops.
Staff Preparation for Automation
Authors: Śliwińska Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The library staff’s preparation for automation is an important and complicated issue. Although I could simply have asserted that the library staff was not prepared for automation, I decided to investigate this issue, with the aid of a questionnaire I sent to all Polish libraries that were introducing integrated library software (VTLS, Horizon, Aleph, Tinlib),1 and another questionnaire that went to librarians who had been educated at library schools. In response, I received 39 completed questionnaires from libraries, and 227 from librarians. Before discussing the responses, I will provide some background data.
Divine Immanence The Ideological Context of Liberal Protestant Devotionalism
Authors: Ostrander Rick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To understand why prayer became problematic for liberal Protestants in the early twentieth century, an excursion into the intellectual universe of classic liberalism is necessary. The prayer-gauge debate of the late nineteenth cetury had proceeded on the basis of a traditional Christian cosmology, one that posited a personal God who created the universe and remained separate from it. This cosmology was expressed by Charles Hodge in his Systematic Theology, which appeared concurrently with the prayer-gauge debate. “Prayer,” Hodge had said, “takes a great deal for granted.” Among other things, it assumed a personal God “independent from the world” who listened to the prayers of his children and sometimes adjusted the natural order of the world in answer to prayer. This Christian God could operate “without second causes as well as with them, or against them.” Conscientious theologians such as Hodge preferred the term “special providence” to miracle, since the latter term was reserved for the biblical epoch. But by whatever term, the effect was the same: God, Christians believed, supernaturally altered the state of the universe in answer to prayer. As the turn-of-the-century Chautaucqua lecturer William Kinsley explained, an answer to prayer required that God “interfere by stepping outside his general providence, in which the evil and the good are served alike, to confer especial favors.”
Gang Characteristics
Authors: Chin Ko-lin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few empirical studies on Chinese gangs exist. Consequently, we know little about the social background of Chinese gang members, the social processes of and reasons for their joining and leaving Chinatown gangs, the structure of the gangs, the levels of gang cohesion, and the nature of the relationship between the gangs and community organizations. This chapter sheds some light on the characteristics and social dynamics of Chinese gang members and their organizations.
The Gang as an Enterprise
Authors: Chin Ko-lin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gangs in the late 1980s and early 1990s have been described by researchers as corporations or enterprises formed by young people who are primarily interested in making money (M. Sullivan, 1989; Taylor, 1990; Padilla, 1992). Unlike the neighborhood gangs observed by A. Cohen (1955) and W. Miller (1958), modern era gangs appear to be made up of predominantly utilitarian-oriented, individualistic young people determined to promote their financial well-being through gang participation (Jankowski, 1991). In order to operate efficiently, the structure, norms, values, and recruiting practices of contemporary gangs are relatively similar to those of legitimate business establishments.
“Trust No Man”
Authors: Kennedy J Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite obvious differences in their spheres of achievement—not to mention differences of racial self-identification, education, and ideology—both Edgar Allan Poe and Frederick Douglass grew to manhood in the upper South and for about two years (ca. April 1831-March 183 3) inhabited the same Baltimore neighborhood, only a few blocks from each other. For the record, Poe lived with his aunt, Mrs. Clemm, in “Mechanics Row” on Wilks Street, a short walk from 37 Philpot Street, where young Fred Bailey—as Douglass was then called—lived with the Hugh Auld family. The Aulds, in fact, attended a Methodist Episcopal church on Wilks Street (figure 9.1). Whether or not Poe and Douglass ever crossed paths in the Fell’s Point area, their lives present surprising parallels. As orphans who never knew their fathers and who became separated from their mothers in early childhood, both experienced rejection by surrogate father figures, endured privation, and savored public notice as compensation for early humiliations.
The Confessionalization of Humanism in Reformation Germany
Authors: Rummel Erika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book deals with the impact of the Reformation debate in Germany on the most prominent intellectual movement of the time: humanism. Although it is true that humanism influenced the course of the Reformation, says Erika Rummel, the dynamics of the relationship are better described by saying that humanism was co-opted, perhaps even exploited, in the religious debate.
The Nicodemism of Men of Letters
Authors: Rummel Erika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the mid-1520s many who had been enthusiastic about Luther at first had sober second thoughts when they saw the social and political upheaval caused by his selfdeclared followers. The reformers were widely held responsible for the tumultuous state of affairs in the Empire, but individual analyses of the cause-and-effect relationship range from sophisticated to simplistic, from ideological to mundane.
The Anthology in Jewish Literature: An Introduction
Authors: Stem David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the Talmud to the latest collection of contemporary American Jewish writers in your local bookstore window, the anthology has been a pervasive, ubiquitous presence in Jewish literature throughout its history. The anthology may also be its oldest literary genre - if, that is, one accepts the documentary hypothesis, according to which the Pentateuch is a collection from different literary sources. Even if one does not accept the thesis, it is clear that many biblical books either are themselves collections, such as the books of Psalms or Proverbs, or tend to exhibit what might be called the “anthological habit”-that is, the tendency of gathering together discrete, sometimes conflicting retellings of stories or traditions (e.g., the two versions of the creation of woman, or analogous lists of unrelated commandments and miscellaneous laws) and preserving them side by side as though there were no difference, conflict, or ambiguity between them.
Wisdom and the Anthological Temper
Authors: Kugel James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There existed in ancient Israel a particular notion, “wisdom,” which uniquely favored the anthology genre; the biblical books of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes present the clearest examples of the anthological character of wisdom within the Jewish canon. Indeed, wisdom was an international pursuit, and wisdom anthologies are found elsewhere as well in the ancient Near East, constituting among the oldest surviving literary texts from that region. Before examining how these anthologies emerged in Israel, however, it will be necessary to explain what it is about wisdom that is inherently anthological.
Melville
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Without doubt, Herman Melville remains one of the most enigmatic figures of the American Renaissance. Not surprisingly, then, whereas most of the authors whose work we are considering have a fairly clear relationship to various esoteric traditions, for the most part this cannot be said of Melville’s work, still subject as it is to often wildly varying interpretations by literary scholars. Clearly, as one surveys Melville’s writings, one finds in them some direct allusions to esoteric traditions. In his fiction, in his poems, and in his letters, we find Melville alluding or referring to such traditions as Freemasonry, Rosicrucianism, Neoplatonism, and perhaps most notably of all, Gnosticism. But what can we conclude about Melville’s attitudes toward these esoteric traditions? Does he endorse, doubt, fear, or draw upon them? Has he any certain attitudes at all toward any of them? To answer questions like these, we must delve into Melville’s various works with each of these particular traditions in mind.
Whitman
Authors: Versluis Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Walt Whitman, author of Leaves of Grass, deliberately set out to be the quintessential American poet. As we have seen, however, to be a nineteenth-century American intellectual was to draw upon the traditions of the world, and Whitman was no exception to this tendency. Indeed, as the inclusive poet par excellence, he illustrates it better than anyone except Emerson. Like Emerson, Whitman incorporated Asian religious traditions, especially Hinduism, into his writings and, like Emerson, he was indebted to prior Western esoteric traditions. But Whitman’s personality was of a very different character from that of Emerson or, for that matter, anyone else in the American Renaissance. More than anyone else of the time, Whitman represented an antinomian, world­embracing mysticism of a kind that had a fair ni:imber of European manifestations, but was in Whitman made particularly American.
Minting New Gospels
Authors: Akenson Donald Harman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
if the search for previously unknown (or known, but (unappreciated) documents that take us directly into the world where Yeshua of Nazareth and Saul of Tarsus lived has to be judged fruitless (as yet), there is another angle of attack open to Questors for the historical Yeshua. Many of the Questors believe that they can get back into the world of later Second Temple Judahism by detecting within documents that are demonstrably post-70 ce core texts that are earlier. The task is deceptively simple: if there are no extant pre-70 texts, then build some and sell them. Here the mental agility of the scholars is impressive and the suasive intensity that is invested in promoting some of these texts is quite remarkable. We will examine two examples of this activity at its weakest, and then we will turn to the one that really counts, namely “Q.”
The Function of the Landscape of Ceremony
Authors: Nelson Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Critics of silko’s Novel, like those treating House Made of Dawn and The Death of Jim Loney ( and those who treat regionalist works in general), are quick to show how the special quality of thought-the “vision”-of a “satellite culture”1 operates to endow certain places with specialness. My contention here is that, in the relationship between vision and place, shaping can and does operate in the reciprocal direction as well: vision can, and in these works demonstrably does, grow out of place, so that place, in the sense of a physical landscape, provides a reader a referent that allows verification or confirmation of the accuracy of the vision.
Tirukkovaiyār Downstream into God
Authors: Shulman David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To speak of self-transformation is to assume some notion of self, even perhaps an economy of selves, part-selves, or parts of self. In India, the problem is perhaps complicated by the lack of any terms even minimally analogous to the Western ones: the metaphysical self, ātman, is almost by definition not the personal self that might be subject to transformation.’ Dravidian lacks any such lexeme, unless we wish to resort to various permutations of reflexive forms or to adapted Sanskrit usages. And yet Indian literature of all periods abounds in cases of extreme and even multiple transformations of something we might call a “self.” In some cases these shifts and transformations may in fact be said to be or to constitute this self.
Pot Pourri: Whistlings of an Idler
Authors: Cambaceres Eugenio , Dillman Lisa , Ludmer Josefina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eugenio Cambaceres was the first to introduce the naturalist manner of Émile Zola to Argentinean literature in the late nineteenth century. The work of Cambaceres, a precursor to the contemporary Argentinean novel, is crucial for an understanding of the period of consolidation of Argentina, the formation of a national identity, and especially for the role of the intellectual during that transition. This gereation theoretically and methodically built up a literature with features of its own, stressing the cultural primacy of Buenos Aires par excellence, to enhance the evolution of the cosmopolitan metropolis. A rich dandy narrates Pot Pourri, relating a story of marriage and adultery during the carnival celebrations. The volume editor, Josefina Ludmer, describes the dandy as an ambiguous protagonist who acts both as a reflection and a critic of the liberal state. As a new addition to the already-acclaimed Library of Latin America, Pot Pourri should find its rightful place with the ever-growing audience for Latin American literature.
The Many Faces of Profession Alism in Divorce Practice
Authors: Mather Lynn , McEwen Craig A , Maiman Richard J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Divorce lawyers vary in their understandings of professionalism in divorce practice. Some of these differences are shaped by the nature of their practices. Some derive from individual variations in character and values, while others are rooted in gender roles, age, and experience, and still others in the organization of their law firms. Specialists often understand their roles in divorce cases differently than do general practice lawyers. Unlike sole practitioners who do divorce work, lawyers employed by law firms face demands to be attentive to the interests of partners and to firm policies. Attorneys whose clients have few resources find themselves pressed to structure and limit their time in ways that lawyers with well-to-do clients do not. Women appear somewhat more likely than men to see special personal meaning in divorce practice.
Constructing Professional Meaning and Identity in the Practice of Divorce Law
Authors: Mather Lynn , McEwen Craig A , Maiman Richard J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Divorce law practice does not offer up easily the idealized rewards of professional work. Indeed, some lawyers never find them at all. The ideology of professionalism promoted by the organized bar provides a framework and reference point for lawyers to imagine and interpret their own careers (Nelson and Trubek 1992b: 22). It sets out a series of tacit promises about the rewards of a career in law. These rewards include the intrinsic satisfaction to be derived from autonomy, from mastering and applying a complex body of knowledge, and from serving the public, as well as the extrinsic rewards of public esteem, comfortable income, and collegial respect.1 These promises of professional rewards—implicitly supported by much of the scholarly writing on professions2—collide, however, with the stark realities of divorce practice. Even lawyers’ income in family law ranks the lowest of all legal specialties.3 Divorce lawyers thus find that a central challenge of their day-to-day work is to shape it—to the degree they can—to provide themselves with meaningful rewards in relation to their own personal standards and with reference to the communities of practice to which they belong.
Ellison’s Invisible Man
Authors: Callahan John F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ralph Waldo Ellison was no stranger to what he called “our national library,” the Library of Congress. In 1964, more than a decade after publication of Invisible Man, he brought his middle name out of hibernation at the library’s Jefferson Building, where an elegant room, looking out on the Capitol, now bears his name and houses his most cherished books. His talk that evening was called “Hidden Name and Complex Fate.” In my mind’s eye I see him then, almost fifteen years before I knew him, speaking in a confident, steady voice that would rise a little at first, as it did when he was nervous or impatient, and, after he relaxed, settle into a southwestern drawl. I can see him— dreamy, boyish, wistful, intense, and stubborn, by turns—as his warm, defiant, brown eyes flashed up from his manuscript to individual faces in the hall.... “[Ralph Waldo] Emerson’s name was quite familiar to Negroes in Oklahoma during those days when World War I was brewing,” Ellison remembered on that evening thirty-five years ago, “and adults, eager to show off their knowledge of literary figures, and obviously amused by the joke implicit in such a small brown nubbin of a boy carrying around such a heavy moniker, would invariably repeat my first two names and then, to my great annoyance, they’d add ‘Emerson’.” Unlike the invisible protagonist of his eponymous novel, who allows his name to be changed by others, Ellison merely “reduced the ‘Waldo’ to a simple and,” he hoped, “mysterious ‘W’.” Trying to have it both ways, Ellison told his audience at the Library of Congress that he “did not destroy that troublesome middle name of mine; I only suppressed it.”
Impeaching the President
Authors: Sunstein Cass R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a well-functioning democracy, impeachment of high officials is likely to be exceedingly rare even if the constitution provides for it. In the United States and England, for example, impeachment turns out to be irrelevant to almost all of constitutional life. But the questions raised by the impeachment power, or by any other provisions governing the removal of high officials from office, are nonetheless extremely important. Their importance lies partly in what they say about a system of checks and balances, or the separation of powers. Despite its infrequent use, impeachment provisions carry large lessons about the relationship between constitutionalism and democracy; and they tell us a great deal about other constitutional provisions with much greater daily importance, such as bicameralism in the legislature and the power of the president to veto legislation, subject to a two-thirds vote to override.
Homosexuality and the Constitution
Authors: Sunstein Cass R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is far from clear. For one thing, sexual orientation is not highly visible; it can be readily concealed. For another, gays and lesbians, as a group, do not rank systematically below heterosexuals along multiple dimensions of social welfare. It cannot be said, for example, that gays and lesbians are poorer, less employed, and more subject to criminal violence than hetero-sexuals (though hate crimes against homosexuals are not uncommon). On the other hand, homosexuals do face discrimination in many arenas, and they are often subject to humiliation, in a way that produces damage to self-respect and is also associated with barriers to political inﬂuence. The most sensible conclusion is that even though gays and lesbians do not entirely qualify as a lower caste, the anticaste principle raises serious questions about discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
The Land Looks After Us
Authors: Martin Joel W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Native Americans practice some of America’s most spiritually profound, historically resilient, and ethically demanding religions. Joel Martin draws his narrative from folk stories, rituals, and even landscapes to trace the development of Native American religion from ancient burial mounds, through interactions with European conquerors and missionaries, and on to the modern-day rebirth of ancient rites and beliefs. The book depicts the major cornerstones of American Indian history and religion--the vast movements for pan-Indian renewal, the formation of the Native American Church in 1919, the passage of the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act of 1990, and key political actions involving sacred sites in the 1980s and ‘90s. Martin explores the close links between religion and Native American culture and history. Legendary chiefs like Osceola and Tecumseh led their tribes in resistance movements against the European invaders, inspired by prophets like the Shawnee Tenskwatawa and the Mohawk Coocoochee. Catharine Brown, herself a convert, founded a school for Cherokee women and converted dozens of her people to Christianity. Their stories, along with those of dozens of other men and women--from noblewarriors to celebrated authors--are masterfully woven into this vivid, wide-ranging survey of Native American history and religion.
The S.O.B.’s
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Waties Waring’s ancestors were early arrivals in South Carolina. Charleston was founded in 1670 along a coastal peninsula between what are now the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Thirteen years later, the year of Charleston’s incorporation, Benjamin Waring, the founder of Waties Waring’s family in South Carolina, settled on 700 acres of land along the Ashley River and soon became a man of some prominence. In 1693 he was a member of the colonial assembly from Berkeley County; in 1703 and 1711 he served as commissioner of taxes for the north side of the Ashley. His sons Thomas, Benjamin, and Richard also held public offices. William Waties, the first of Waties Waring’s maternal Welsh ancestors to migrate to South Carolina, settled on 250 acres of coastal land in 1694.
The Civil War had had a devastating effect on the fortunes of many South Carolinians, including the Waring and Waties families. By the time of Waties’ birth on July 27, 1880, however, Charleston’s economic recovery was proceeding rapidly. The use of phosphate fertilizer had restored area agricultural production, and in 1882, the state agricultural society held a major exhibition in Charleston to advertise state progress in agriculture since the war. Earlier that year, the U.S. Electric Illumination Co. of Charleston began providing electric lighting for the city, though for a number of years the service would remain largely a novelty item. With a population of more than 52,000, Charleston was by far the state’s largest city as well as its major port, rail, and trade center.