bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium supplementation in pregnancy: An analysis of potential determinants in an under-resourced setting
Authors: Ajong Atem Bethel , Kenfack Bruno , Ali Innocent Mbulli , Yakum Martin Ndinakie , Ukaogo Prince Onydinma , Mangala Fulbert Nkwele , Aljerf Loai , Telefo Phelix Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Despite the evidence that calcium supplementation in pregnancy improves maternofoetal outcomes, many women still do not take calcium supplements during pregnancy in Cameroon. This study identifies factors that influence calcium supplementation during pregnancy in a low resource setting.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional hospital-based study (from November 2020 to September 2021) targeting 1074 healthy women in late pregnancy at the maternities of four major health facilities in the Nkongsamba Health District, Cameroon. Data were collected using an interview-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Epi Info version 7.2.4.0, and the statistical threshold for significance set at p-value = 0.05.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 28.20±6.08 years, with a range of 15–47 years. The proportion of women who reported taking any calcium supplements in pregnancy was 72.62 [69.85–75.22]%. Only 12% of calcium-supplemented women took calcium supplements throughout pregnancy, while a majority (50%) took calcium supplements just for 4–5 months. Women believe that taking calcium supplements is more for foetal growth and development (37.12%) and prevention of cramps (38.86%), than for the prevention of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy (2.84%). About all pregnant women (97.65%) took iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy, and 99.24% took these supplements at least once every two days. Upon control for multiple confounders, the onset of antenatal care before 4 months of pregnancy (AOR = 2.64 [1.84–3.78], p-value = 0.000), having had more than 3 antenatal care visits (AOR = 6.01 [3.84–9.34], p-value = 0.000) and support/reminder from a partner on the necessity to take supplements in pregnancy (AOR = 2.00 [1.34–2.99], p-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of taking any calcium supplements in pregnancy.

Conclusion
Calcium supplementation practices in pregnancy remain poor in this population and far from WHO recommendations. Early initiation of antenatal care, a high number of antenatal visits and reminders or support from the partner on supplement intake significantly increase the odds of taking any calcium supplements in pregnancy. In line with WHO recommendations, women of childbearing age should be sensitised to initiate antenatal care earlier and attain as many visits as possible. Male involvement in prenatal care might also boost the likelihood of these women taking calcium supplements.
An interpretable machine learning model of cross-sectional U.S. county-level obesity prevalence using explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Allen Ben 
Published: October 2023

Background
There is considerable geographic heterogeneity in obesity prevalence across counties in the United States. Machine learning algorithms accurately predict geographic variation in obesity prevalence, but the models are often uninterpretable and viewed as a black-box.

Objective
The goal of this study is to extract knowledge from machine learning models for county-level variation in obesity prevalence.

Methods
This study shows the application of explainable artificial intelligence methods to machine learning models of cross-sectional obesity prevalence data collected from 3,142 counties in the United States. County-level features from 7 broad categories: health outcomes, health behaviors, clinical care, social and economic factors, physical environment, demographics, and severe housing conditions. Explainable methods applied to random forest prediction models include feature importance, accumulated local effects, global surrogate decision tree, and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations.

Results
The results show that machine learning models explained 79% of the variance in obesity prevalence, with physical inactivity, diabetes, and smoking prevalence being the most important factors in predicting obesity prevalence.

Conclusions
Interpretable machine learning models of health behaviors and outcomes provide substantial insight into obesity prevalence variation across counties in the United States.
First 72-hours after birth: Newborn feeding practices and neonatal mortality in India
Authors: Mal Piyasa , Ram Usha 
Published: October 2023

Background
The reductions in mortality levels among children under five years are observed in most populations, including populations that were lagging the progress in the past. However, the reduction is not uniform across ages during childhood. The mortality declines within the first month have shown relatively slow progress. Early initiation of breastfeeding and discarding pre-lacteal feed protects the newborn from acquiring infection and, thereby, reduces mortality. This paper assesses the change in the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and pre-lacteal feed along with their associated factors, and their association with neonatal mortality in India.

Methods
We used data from the three rounds of National Family Health Surveys conducted during 2005–06, 2015–16 and 2019–21 in India. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine prevalence rates, risk factors, and relationships between breastfeeding practices, including early initiation of breastfeeding and pre-lacteal feed, and neonatal mortality.

Results
Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth increased rapidly from 25% in 2005–06 to 42% in 2019–21, and the pre-lacteal feeding practice declined from 57% in 2005–06 to 15% in 2019–21. Pre-lacteal feed is lower in states/districts where early breastfeeding initiation is predominant and vice versa. The role of health professionals during pregnancy and the first two days after delivery significantly improved breastfeeding practice. Further, the findings suggest that an early breastfeeding initiation is associated with lower neonatal mortality, whereas pre-lacteal feed is not harmful compared to late breastfeeding initiation.

Conclusion
Prevalence of pre-lacteal feed reduced, and initiation of early breastfeeding increased considerably after the launch of the National Rural Health Mission in India. However, after 2015–16, early breastfeeding initiation has stagnated, and the decline in pre-lacteal feed has slowed down. The future program needs special attention to emphasize the availability and accessibility of breastfeeding advisers and observers in health facilities to help mitigate adverse neonatal outcomes.
Outcomes after ischemic stroke for dual-eligible Medicare-Medicaid beneficiaries in the United States
Authors: Leifheit Erica C. , Wang Yun , Goldstein Larry B. , Lichtman Judith H. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Medicaid serves as a safety net for low-income US Medicare beneficiaries with limited assets. Approximately 7.7 million Americans aged ≥65 years rely on a combination of Medicare and Medicaid to obtain critical medical services, yet little is known about whether these patients have worse outcomes after stroke than patients with Medicare alone. We compared geographic patterns in dual Medicare-Medicaid eligibility and ischemic stroke hospitalizations and examined whether these dual-eligible beneficiaries had worse post-stroke outcomes than those with Medicare alone.

Methods
We identified fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who were discharged from US acute-care hospitals with a principal diagnosis of ischemic stroke in 2014. Medicare beneficiaries with ≥1 month of Medicaid coverage were considered dual eligible. We mapped risk-standardized stroke hospitalization rates and percentages of beneficiaries with dual eligibility. Mixed models and Cox regression were used to evaluate relationships between dual-eligible status and outcomes up to 1 year after stroke, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.

Results
At the national level, 12.5% of beneficiaries were dual eligible. Dual-eligible rates were highest in Maine, Alaska, and the southern half of the United States, whereas stroke hospitalization rates were highest in the South and parts of the Midwest (Pearson’s r = 0.469, p<0.001). Among 254,902 patients hospitalized for stroke, 17.4% were dual eligible. In adjusted analyses, dual-eligible patients had greater risk of all-cause readmission within 30 days (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.09) and 1 year (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.05) and had greater odds of death within 1 year (odds ratio 1.20, 95% CI 1.17–1.23) when compared with Medicare-only patients; there was no difference in in-hospital or 30-day mortality.

Conclusion
Dual-eligible stroke patients had higher readmissions and long-term mortality than other patients, even after comorbidity adjustment. A better understanding of the factors contributing to these poorer outcomes is needed.
Influencia de la farmacogenética en la diversidad de respuesta a las estatinas asociada a las reacciones adversas
Authors: Sainz de Medrano Sainz Jaime I. , Brunet Serra Mercè 
Published: October 2023

Resumen

Introducción
Las estatinas son unos de los medicamentos más prescritos en los países desarrollados por ser el tratamiento de elección para reducir los niveles de colesterol ayudando así a prevenir la enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, un gran número de pacientes sufre reacciones adversas, en especial miotoxicidad. Entre los factores que influyen en la diversidad de respuesta, la farmacogenética puede jugar un papel relevante especialmente en la prevención de los efectos adversos asociados a estos medicamentos.

Contenido
Revisión de los conocimientos actuales sobre la influencia de la farmacogenética en la aparición y prevención de las reacciones adversas asociadas a estatinas, así como del beneficio clínico del test farmacogenético anticipado.

Resumen
Variaciones genéticas en SLCO1B1 (rs4149056) para todas las estatinas; en ABCG2 (rs2231142) para rosuvastatina; o en CYP2C9 (rs1799853 y rs1057910) para fluvastatina están asociadas a un incremento de las reacciones adversas de tipo muscular y a una baja adherencia al tratamiento. Además, diversos fármacos inhibidores de estos transportadores y enzimas de biotransformación incrementan la exposición sistémica de las estatinas favoreciendo la aparición de las reacciones adversas.

Perspectiva
La implementación clínica del análisis anticipado de este panel de farmacogenética evitaría en gran parte la aparición de reacciones adversas. Además, la estandarización en la identificación de los efectos adversos, en la metodología e interpretación del genotipo, permitirá obtener resultados más concluyentes sobre la asociación entre las variantes genéticas del SLCO1B1, ABCG y CYP2C9 y la aparición de reacciones adversas y establecer recomendaciones para alcanzar tratamientos más personalizados para cada estatina.
History of marine mycology – a personal perspective
Authors: Jones E. B. Gareth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article is a personal impression of the key scientists who contributed to the study of marine mycology over past 174 years, especially those the author met during his career studying this unique group of fungi. Marine mycology has been a journey of discovery from a few species to nearly 2000 taxa in nine fungal phyla. Techniques for their study have advanced from morphological observations, to the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, to the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and the unravelling of the genomes of selected species. Thoughts on the conservation of marine fungi, their adaptation to climate change and potential role in the decomposition of plastics are briefly considered.
Features and functions of decision support systems for appropriate diagnostic imaging: a scoping review
Authors: Rahimi Fatemeh , Rabiei Reza , Seddighi Amir Saied , Roshanpoor Arash , Seddighi Afsoun , Moghaddasi Hamid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic imaging decision support (DI-DS) systems could be effective tools for reducing inappropriate diagnostic imaging examinations. Since effective design and evaluation of these systems requires in-depth understanding of their features and functions, the present study aims to map the existing literature on DI-DS systems to identify features and functions of these systems.

Methods
The search was performed using Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and was limited to 2000 to 2021. Analytical studies, descriptive studies, reviews and book chapters that explicitly addressed the functions or features of DI-DS systems were included.

Results
A total of 6,046 studies were identified. Out of these, 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. From these, 22 functions and 22 features were identified. Some of the identified features were: visibility, content chunking/grouping, deployed as a multidisciplinary program, clinically valid and relevant feedback, embedding current evidence, and targeted recommendations. And, some of the identified functions were: displaying an appropriateness score, recommending alternative or more appropriate imaging examination(s), providing recommendations for next diagnostic steps, and providing safety alerts.

Conclusions
The set of features and functions obtained in the present study can provide a basis for developing well-designed DI-DS systems, which could help to improve adherence to diagnostic imaging guidelines, minimize unnecessary costs, and improve the outcome of care through appropriate diagnosis and on-time care delivery.
Experimental investigations on heat transfer enhancement in a double pipe heat exchanger using hybrid nanofluids
Authors: Somanchi Naga Sarada , Gugulothu Ravi , Tejeswar S. V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Heat exchanger (HE) is an instrument that facilitates the operation of HE between two fluids that are at various temperatures. Double-pipe HEs are used in many organizations because of their low installation, design, maintenance costs, flexibility, and their suitability for high pressure applications. Heat transfer (HT) augmentation techniques (passive, active or compound techniques) are used in heat exchangers to reduce the HT surface area, to increase HT capacity and to reduce pumping power. Passive augmentation techniques are much cheaper and do not involve any external power input. They aim to improve the effective surface area, the residence time of the HT fluid and its thermal conductivity by the usage of nanofluids. Nanofluids are used for cooling applications in organizations, transportation, nuclear reactors, electrical and electronic devices and for biomedical applications. Hybrid nanofluids have higher thermal conductivity, low PD and frictional losses and pumping power as compared to the mono nanofluids. In this present work, experiments are conducted in a double pipe HE using TiO2, and SiC-water nanofluids by varying the volume concentration and cold fluid mass flow rate ranging from 17.5 to 34.5 lpm by making constant hot fluid mass flow rate. Further, experiments are conducted using TiO2–SiC/water hybrid nanofluids. Influence of nano and hybrid nanofluids on the overall HTC and friction factor are experimentally investigated. From the experiments, TiO2–SiC/water hybrid nanofluid with nanoparticle ratio TiO2:SiC = 1:2 is found to be optimum as the heat transfer enhancement is more with less improvement in friction factor. The overall heat transfer, and friction factor enhancement is 22.92 %, and 11.20 % higher respectively when compared with base fluid for TiO2:SiC = 1:2.
The role of pathetic fallacy in shaping narrative empathy
Authors: Stradling Fransina , Pager-McClymont Kimberley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One way in which character emotion is communicated in texts is through pathetic fallacy (PF), a figure of speech that projects emotions onto surroundings, which can be conceptualised in terms of variations on the conceptual metaphor emotion is surroundings. This article explores the empathetic affordances of this emotion metaphor, presenting evidence for the ways readers exploit the linguistic forms of PF in Alice Walker’s short story The Flowers to empathise with its protagonist. We draw on think-aloud data and post-reading reflections to analyse evidence of PF perception and empathy, using Pager-McClymont’s protocol for analysing PF perception and Fernandez-Quintanilla’s framework for analysing self-report of empathy. Findings show that (1) PF’s implicit communication of emotions affords empathy even when readers do not recognise the narrative technique, and that (2) specific PF instantiations afford empathy depending on underlying conceptual metaphor, textual context and correspondence with readers’ experiential background.
Exploring the potential of sentiment analysis for the study of negative empathy
Authors: Bonasera Carmen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In connection to literature, negative empathy is a sophisticated form of narrative empathy with fictional characters portrayed as markedly evil and seductive at the same time. Several studies on narrative engagement have explored negative empathy mainly from a theoretical perspective. Conversely, empirical approaches have rarely delved into the dynamics of the linguistic construction of the texts studied. To fill this gap, this paper employs computational techniques to investigate the language of a corpus of novels whose characters are particularly apt for the arousal of negative empathy. More specifically, this study uses Sentiment and Emotion Analysis to explore the lexical representation of emotions and to locate fluctuations in the emotional content of the texts. The ultimate aim is to assess both the potential and the vulnerabilities of Sentiment Analysis for detecting emotional shifts in a literary text and thus for revealing the intensity of its emotional content, which may facilitate the readers’ morally challenging engagement with negative characters.
Connecting with the world: poetic synaesthesia, sensory metaphors and empathy
Authors: Anthony-Gerroldt Laure-Hélène 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many poems rely on sensory lexis and metaphors, making them amenable to the readerly experience of sensory overlap or fusion that characterizes synaesthesia. Such sensory language can be considered a way to connect with our emotions and bodies, since our bodily experiences directly influence and control many of our other experiences. Synaesthetic metaphors can thus be related to empathy via embodiment, especially when empathy is understood as playing a part in the reader’s or the spectator’s sensory engagement with works of art. In this article, I explore how empathy can derive from our sensory experience of a few poems that may allow embodied reading experiences. Analyzing sensory language in poems by Dadaist Hugo Ball, Romantics John Keats and Wilfred Owen, and Modernist H.D., I contend that loading poetry with sensations could be construed as an attempt to bridge the gap(s) between the body and the mind by stimulating readers’ empathic response.
An overview of recent advances and challenges in predicting compound-protein interaction (CPI)
Authors: Li Yanbei , Fan Zhehuan , Rao Jingxin , Chen Zhiyi , Chu Qinyu , Zheng Mingyue , Li Xutong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Compound-protein interactions (CPIs) are critical in drug discovery for identifying therapeutic targets, drug side effects, and repurposing existing drugs. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have emerged as powerful tools for CPI prediction, offering notable advantages in cost-effectiveness and efficiency. This review provides an overview of recent advances in both structure-based and non-structure-based CPI prediction ML models, highlighting their performance and achievements. It also offers insights into CPI prediction-related datasets and evaluation benchmarks. Lastly, the article presents a comprehensive assessment of the current landscape of CPI prediction, elucidating the challenges faced and outlining emerging trends to advance the field.
“Who are you standing with?”: cultural (self-re)translation of a Russian-speaking conference immigrant-interpreter in Israel during the war in Ukraine
Authors: Voinova Tanya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The war in Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, has led to a significant civilian involvement in Israel, particularly among immigrants from the former Soviet Union, who began to provide humanitarian assistance, including interpreting. Highlighting the interrelation between translation and migration, I argue that the war strongly affects multiple hybrid identities of immigrant-interpreters who along with interlingual translation engage also in processes of cultural (self-re)translation. Scholarly attention for such experiences has been relatively limited, since most research on interpreting in war and conflict has prioritized interpreter experiences within war struck regions. Little attention has also been devoted to the work of (conference) interpreters who are themselves immigrants. In this autoethnographic study therefore, I present my own experience during the war as both an immigrant from Russia and a conference interpreter who works with Russian and Hebrew. I discuss several aspects pertinent to the immigrant-interpreter experience within and beyond the interpreting practice: being part of a collective of immigrants, involved in humanitarian assistance; negotiating the devaluation of Russian(ness); facing challenges to the (in)visibility, implied in the interpreter’s role; and moving in-between the origin and the host countries.
ANÁLISIS DEL RELATO CINEMATOGRÁFICO
Authors: Roger-Monzó Vanessa 
Published: October 2023

Comprender un relato audiovisual es el primer paso tanto para poder disfrutarlo plenamente como para poder ser capaz de realizarlo. Sobre esta premisa, descansa el libro “Análisis del relato cinematográfico”, escrito por los doctores Josep Prósper Ribes y Jorge Chenovart González.
Sin duda, abordar los relatos de ficción supone adentrarse en un ámbito tan extenso como interesante. En este caso, los autores reflexionan y desgranan el análisis de relatos cinematográficos tomando como punto de partida las perspectivas de Aumont y Marie (1990, p. 13): “… no sólo no existe una teoría unificada del cine, sino tampoco ningún método universal de análisis de films”.
En el inicio del libro se destaca, además, que “la bibliografía sobre el análisis audiovisual es abundante, aunque muy divergente en contenidos y propósitos”. En este sentido, la obra se basa en una sustanciosa bibliografía esencial, así como en conceptos teóricos explicados mediante multitud de ejemplos. Precisamente, el continuo estudio de ejemplos para explicar cómo funcionan los textos audiovisuales, constituye la principal contribución de este libro, ya que facilitan que el lector pueda desarrollar sus propios análisis. El resultado final es un manual divulgativo sustentado sobre un sólido pilar investigador, orientado tanto a docentes como a estudiantes.