bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sepsis Prediction at Emergency Department Triage Using Natural Language Processing: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brann Felix , Sterling Nicholas William , Frisch Stephanie O , Schrager Justin D 
Published: December 2023

Background
Despite its high lethality, sepsis can be difficult to detect on initial presentation to the emergency department (ED). Machine learning–based tools may provide avenues for earlier detection and lifesaving intervention.

Objective
The study aimed to predict sepsis at the time of ED triage using natural language processing of nursing triage notes and available clinical data.

Methods
We constructed a retrospective cohort of all 1,234,434 consecutive ED encounters in 2015-2021 from 4 separate clinically heterogeneous academically affiliated EDs. After exclusion criteria were applied, the final cohort included 1,059,386 adult ED encounters. The primary outcome criteria for sepsis were presumed severe infection and acute organ dysfunction. After vectorization and dimensional reduction of triage notes and clinical data available at triage, a decision tree–based ensemble (time-of-triage) model was trained to predict sepsis using the training subset (n=950,921). A separate (comprehensive) model was trained using these data and laboratory data, as it became available at 1-hour intervals, after triage. Model performances were evaluated using the test (n=108,465) subset.

Results
Sepsis occurred in 35,318 encounters (incidence 3.45%). For sepsis prediction at the time of patient triage, using the primary definition, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and macro F1-score for sepsis were 0.94 and 0.61, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and false positive rate were 0.87, 0.85, and 0.15, respectively. The time-of-triage model accurately predicted sepsis in 76% (1635/2150) of sepsis cases where sepsis screening was not initiated at triage and 97.5% (1630/1671) of cases where sepsis screening was initiated at triage. Positive and negative predictive values were 0.18 and 0.99, respectively. For sepsis prediction using laboratory data available each hour after ED arrival, the AUC peaked to 0.97 at 12 hours. Similar results were obtained when stratifying by hospital and when Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hospital toolkit for adult sepsis surveillance criteria were used to define sepsis. Among septic cases, sepsis was predicted in 36.1% (1375/3814), 49.9% (1902/3814), and 68.3% (2604/3814) of encounters, respectively, at 3, 2, and 1 hours prior to the first intravenous antibiotic order or where antibiotics where not ordered within the first 12 hours.

Conclusions
Sepsis can accurately be predicted at ED presentation using nursing triage notes and clinical information available at the time of triage. This indicates that machine learning can facilitate timely and reliable alerting for intervention. Free-text data can improve the performance of predictive modeling at the time of triage and throughout the ED course.
ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF KABAU SEED POWDER SUSPENSION (ARCHIDENDRON BUBALINUM (JACK) I. C. NIELSEN) IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: RIASARI HESTI , FITRIANSYAH SANI NURLAELA , FAUZI NOVI IRWAN 
Published: December 2023

Objective: The study was to optimize the method of test dosage form kabau seed simplicia suspension in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models.
Methods: Simplisia powder sizing was carried out using three sieve sizes through meshes of 80, 120, and 200. Making a suspension of kabau seed powder is carried out using two methods, with the addition of CMC, which has been developed first and the powder is added with CMC, which is then developed and then homogenized. The study consisted of six groups, dosage given of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW. Blood glucose levels were determined by the GOD-PAP, phytochemical screening and TLC tests were carried out on the test material. The data were tested statistically using One Way ANOVA.
Results: The powdered crude material with a particle size of 74 microns, obtained by sieving through a mesh size of 200, is utilized as the test material in the second method. An effective dose of 1000 mg/kg BW with a decrease in blood sugar levels by 132±13 mg/dl. Phytochemical screening contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, steroids, quinones and saponins. TLC of the test material, mobile phase used in TLC was toluene: chloroform: ethyl acetate (4:5:1), obtained 6 spots which gives a specific spot after being sprayed with the chromogenic reagent.
Conclusion: powder with a particle size of 74 microns was used as the test material, using the second method. The effective dose as an antidiabetic is 1000 mg/kg BW with a reduction in blood sugar levels of 132.7±13 mg/dl.
Deteksi Risiko Stroke Dan Edukasi Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Primer Terjadinya Stroke
Authors: Firmawati Erfin , Rochmawati Erna , Setyopranoto Ismail 
Published: December 2023

Latar belakang. Stroke adalah penyakit neurovaskular yang merupakan penyakit ketiga terbanyak dan penyebab kematian kedua di dunia. Prevalensi stroke di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Meningkatnya prevalensi stroke dapat disebabkan oleh pencegahan stroke yang rendah. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan stroke adalah pengetahuan dan kesadaran. Upaya untuk mengurangi kejadian stroke adalah pencegahan primer. Metode. Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan di Kendangan, Caturharjo Sleman yang meliputi dua kegiatan. Kegiatan pertama adalah deteksi risiko stroke menggunakan Stroke Risk Scorecard, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, berat badan, pengukuran glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol. Deteksi risiko stroke diikuti oleh 67 orang. Kegiatan kedua adalah pemberikan edukasi kesehatan tentang pencegahan stroke. Hasil. Hasil deteksi faktor risiko menemukan bahwa orang yang berisiko tinggi terkena stroke berjumlah 4 orang (6%), dan 63 orang berisiko rendah terkena stroke (94%). Orang dengan hipertensi 31 (46%), hiperkolesterolemia 26 (38%), merokok 7 (10%), tidak pernah berolahraga 50 (74%), dan overwigth7 (10%). Pendidikan stroke diikuti oleh 36 orang. Pengetahuan meningkat setelah diberikan pendidikan (skor 15) dengan skor pre-test rata-rata 59,41 (min-max 20-100) dan post-test 74,41 (min-max 30-100). Kesimpulan. Sebagian besar masyarakat memiliki resiko rendah terkena stroke. Edukasi deteksi risiko stroke dan pencegahan primer merupakan upaya penting untuk mencegah stroke, sehingga dianjurkan untuk dilakukan secara terus menerus.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Induced Cough among Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Institution in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Abonyi Michael , Okechukwu U C , Ezeude C M 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide, with the attendant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially heightened by co-existing hypertension and proteinuria. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been a drug target of particular interest because of its involvement in the cardiovascular and renal disease progression. The ACE inhibitors (ACEI) have been proven effective for reducing cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, these medications are associated with cough in certain subjects which could lead to poor drug adherence and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study sought to determine the prevalence of ACEI-induced subjects in DM patients.
Methodology: A total of 100 patients who fit eligibility criteria were included in the study. A questionnaire was administered on subjects who were on ACEI while data was abstracted from the medical records of subjects who had been on the medication in the preceding two years.
Results: The prevalence of ACEI-induced cough was 20%. Female gender (p=0.022) and prolonged use of the medication (p=0.017) positively correlated with cough among DM subjects who had received ACEI in the preceding 2 years, or were on the medication at the time of this study. There was no correlation between the type of ACEI, anthropometry, and glycaemic control and the prevalence of cough among the subjects.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that the prevalence of cough among patients with diabetes mellitus who have been exposed to ACEI is substantial.
Keywords: ACE inhibitors; cough; diabetes mellitus.
Formulation and in-vitro Evaluation of Baclofen loaded Transferosomal Gel
Authors: Fatima Nagma , Ilyas Nadia , Babu Suresh 
Published: December 2023

Baclofen is a class of medications called skeletal muscle relaxant. It is a class III drug having low solubility and high permeability used in treating multiple sclerosis symptoms such as spasticity, stiffness, and pain. The current study involves the development and in-vitro evaluation of a Baclofen-loaded transfersomal gel to reduce dosage frequency. Drug and excipient interactions were not detected in the FTIR spectra. Hand shaking modified thin film hydration method was used to developed transfersome formulations, which then consolidated at 0.5% carbopol gel. Optimized BF7 formulation provides higher Entapment efficiency and maximum drug delivery. The prepared formulation had been examined for FTIR, Organoleptic evaluation, Viscosity, Spread-ability, Entrapment Efficacy, Drug content, SEM analysis, Particle size, Zeta potential, Stability testing, and other parameters. The optimised formulation BF7 confirmed Entapment Efficiency ranging from 80.04 to 87.42%, Drug content ranging from 90.26 -95.37%, Vesicle Size of 167.8nm & In-vitro diffusion of 97.48%. The drug release data from the chosen gel demonstrated a good fit with the Higuchis and Zero order release kinetics.
Keywords: Transferosomes, vesicular drug delivery system, Thin film hydration method
Comparison of Co-Processed Superdisintegrants with Superdisintegrants in Drug Release for Palatable Fast Disintegrating Oral Films of Metolazone
Authors: Quraishi Nabila , Fatima Aimen , Mohammed Shahid 
Published: December 2023

The present study was aimed to compare co-proceesed superdisentigrant with superdisentigrants in drug release and formulate a palatable fast disintegrating oral films of metolazone and compare with standard market solid oral dosage forms. The drug was incorporated as solid dispersion to mask the bitter taste of the drug with different polymers in different ratios (PEG 4000 & Poloxomer 407) and was assessed for its taste. Metalazone with Poloxomer 407 (M-SD 5) in the ratio of 1:2 was better masked. The films were prepared by solvent casting method. HPMC E15 & Pullulan were chosen as the film forming polymers and sodium starch glycolate and crosscaramellose sodium were chosen as superdisentigrant for formulation. Pullulan (80mg) and crosscaramellose sodium (0.6%) showed the highest % drug release (99.49±0.15 within 15 min.). Therefore, this composition was chosen to prepare the film having co-processed superdisintegrants (SSG+CCS in 1:1) MF-10. MF-10 showed better disintegration (10 sec) and dissolution rate (99.12% drug release within 10 minutes.) when compared with the best formulation of superdisintigrant. All the evaluations of the optimized formulation were found to be satisfactory and within limits. MF-10 was subjected to stability studies and compared with marketed oral formulation and was found to be satisfactory.
Keywords: Metolazone, Fast disintegrating oral films (FDOFs), patient compliance, taste mask, rapidly disintegrate, co-processed superdisintegrants.
Piezo Proteins and their role in Cupping Therapy (Hijama); An Interpretation of Novel Mechanism
Authors: Jan Afroza , Bhat Shabir Ahmad , Iqbal Arsheed , Rather Shameem Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Piezo proteins are ion channel proteins found in various cells of the human body which detect mechanical forces and convert them into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. Recent research has shown that these proteins play an important role in a number of physiological processes, including touch sensation, hearing, proliferation, pain modulation and blood pressure regulation. Further research is ongoing to understand the importance of piezo proteins in human health and disease, that could lead to develop the newer therapies for a wide range of conditions. Some physical therapies including Cupping therapy (CT) (Hijama), a well-known regimental therapy in Greco-Arab (Unani) and Chinese medicine, is reported to treat a variety of diseases like, blood pressure and prevents cardiovascular diseases. It is also effective in treating oral and genital ulceration, musculoskeletal pain, nonspecific low back pain, neck pain, fibromyalgia, headache and migraine. Besides various theories hypothesized to explain mechanism of cupping therapy, the piezo protein gates intruded by this therapy may be the best feasible way to understand the mechanism of action of cupping. This novel hypothetical mechanism could pave the way for more researches in medical field especially in chronic ailments.
Key words: Cupping, Human Health, Pain, Piezo protein, Unani
Toxicity and anti-diabetic effectiveness of polymeric nanoparticles containing natural compounds
Authors: Satapathy Trilochan , Satapathy Abinash , Yadav Neha , Satapathy Ansuman , Chandrakar Kunal , Bhardwaj Shiv Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To develop the nanoparticle formulations, characterization and evaluation of safety and in vivo anti diabetic potential by using experimental animal model.
Methods: Different nano formulations such as Cur-nanoparticles, Pip-nanoparticles as well as Cur-Pip dual drug loaded nanoparticles were developed by nano co-precipitation method. The developed formulations were subjected for FT-IR analysis to determine the drug-drug and drug-polymer interaction. The Differential Scanning Colorimetric (DSC) study was carried out to observe the glass transition. Surface topography of nano formulations were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction study was carried out to determine the crystalline properties of different formulations. Particle size of the polymeric nanoparticles was evaluated by Zeta sizer of nanoseries. Toxicity of nanoformulation was evaluated as per OECD guideline-407. For evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness, in-vivo anti-diabetic potential of nano formulations, the Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes model was considered.
Results: The developed formulations were spherical in shape and smooth surfaced. There were no interaction between the drugs and polymers. The result of toxicity study revealed that, there were no changes in behavior, food intake; hematology as well as biochemical parameters were observed that indicates the developed formulation is completely safe. The anti-diabetic effect of different formulations was screened against Streptozotocin induced diabetes in experimental animals. All the formulations were proved as effective in restoring blood glucose level however, Cu+Pi NP (184.15) group showed highest anti diabetic activity in comparison to control group (207.93)
Conclusions: From this study, it was observed that, Curcumin-Piperine dual drug loaded nanoparticles exhibit better anti diabetic potential in comparison to control and Curcumin-NP treated group.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Streptozotocin, anti-diabetes, toxicity, hematology, biochemical
Khatmī (Althea officinalis L. and Althea rosea): Medicinal importance in the perspective of Unani medicine and pharmacological studies
Authors: Kalam Mohd Afsahul , Ahmad Riyaz , Avid Mohammad , Rahim Abdur , Habib Abdul 
Published: December 2023

Althea officinalis L. is an important Unani Medicinal plant belonging to the family Malvaceae. The herb is commonly known as Khatmī and Marsh-mallow. All parts of the plant such as seeds, leaves, root and flowers are mainly used as medicine in Unani Medicine. It is used for many pharmacological actions like diuretic, lithotriptic, deobstruent, anti-inflammatory, emmenagogue which makes it useful in treatment of kidney stone jaundice, menstrual disorder, hepatitis, headache etc. Many scientific studies are done on the pharmacological actions of this herb. In this chapter both modern and Unani perspective of pharmacological properties of Althea officinalis L. along with its Phytochemistry and pharmacological studies are included.
Keywords: Althea officinalis L.; Khatmī; Malvaceae
Formulation and In-Vitro evaluation of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride mucoadhesive buccal films
Authors: Ilyas Nadia , Fatima Nagma , Shahidulla S M 
Published: December 2023

This contemporaneous research was aimed to formulate buccal mucoadhesive DDS to enhance bioavailability and avoid pre systemic metabolism. The mucoadhesive film was fabricated by solvent casting method with base polymer chitosan and a combination of hydrophilic polymer like PVP or Gelatin. The films were then evaluated. All the formulations were found to have optimum strength to withstand folding endurance. The films' consistent size, thickness, and weight variation were discovered. The drug content uniformity of films was exceptionally well. Given that the film's surface pH falls between 6.6 and 6.7, buccal administration is appropriate for it. The pH near to the neutral region decreases the chances of mucosal irritation. The invitro adhesion ability of the formulations were affected by the composition of chitosan and PVP or Gelatin. The lower and higher concentration of chitosan was not sufficient for invitro adhesion of films. The formulation having chitosan and hydrophilic polymers in the ratio 1:1.5 showed strong invitro adhesion. The invitro bioadhesion time of the formulations containing chitosan and gelatin or PVP was less due to poor ionization of gelatin. On increasing the concentration of hydrophilic polymers, the invitro bioadhesion time increased. The highest concentration of the polymers decreased the adhesion time. The formulation NF5 with chitosan and gelatin within the proportion of 1:1.5 exhibited drug release of 98.1% at 6 hours. The sole purpose of this work is to adhere the buccal film with the mucosa, hence formulation NF5 was selected as best formulation. Thus, current investigation's goal to develop a buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery was fulfilled.
Keywords: Buccal film, Nortriptyline HCl, depression, in vitro studies, mucoadhesive
A review on nanotechnology based ophthalmic drug delivery system
Authors: Ashtekar Kiran Sadashiv , Monde Ashish Ashok , Nilangekar Priyanka , Bagul Uddhav , Nazirkar Mayuri , Kokare Chandrakant 
Published: December 2023

The field of ophthalmic drug delivery has witnessed significant advancements through the integration of nanotechnology. Despite having numerous conventional dosage forms employed in the ocular drug delivery system the problem of less bioavailability and less retention time is a significant concern. Along with it there are various barriers also involved that affects the drug permeability, solubility due to the lower residence time of the drug on ocular surface. To overcome these problems the nanotechnology approach can be most suitable. All nanocarriers have emerged as a promising career for precise drug targeting to ocular tissues. Their small size, biocompatibility and surface modification enable improved drug solubility, sustained release and enhanced bioavailability. Moreover nanotechnology facilitates the incorporation of therapeutic agents for various ocular conditions, including glaucoma, macular degeneration and infections. These advancements aim to overcome the challenges and barriers in ocular drug delivery system. This review underscores the immense potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize ophthalmic drug delivery, offering the prospect of more efficient and patient-friendly treatments for ophthalmic disorders.
Keywords: Ocular drug delivery, Nanotechnology, Nanocarriers, Intraocular pressure, Ophthalmic barriers
Peningkatan Produksi Pakcoy Melalui Modifikasi Jarak Tanam dan Jumlah Tanaman Per Lubang Tanam dengan Sistem Hidroponik
Authors: Fathurrahman Fathurrahman , Hadid Abdul , Syamsiar Syamsiar , Mustakim Mustakim 
Published: December 2023

Prospek pengembangan sayuran pakcoy hidroponik sangat menjanjikan dimana permintaan pasar akan sayuran bebas pestisida yang cukup tinggi, hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi para petani pakcoy agar dapat meningkatkan produksi sehingga nantinya dapat memenuhi permintaan yang ada. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan jarak tanam dan jumlah tanaman dalam satu lubang terbaik yang dapat meningkatkan produksi pakcoy secara hidroponik. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di PT Nina Agro Jaya cabang Kalukubula, Desa Kalukubula, Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Kabupaten Sigi. Penelitian ini dimulai dari bulan Juli – Agustus 2022. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dua faktor dimana faktor pertama terdiri atas dua jarak tanam yaitu: 10x20 cm, dan 20x20 cm, sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu jumlah tanaman perlubang tanam yaitu, 1 tanaman, 2 tanaman, 3 tanaman, dan 4 tanaman, setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali sehingga di perolah 48 tanaman percobaan. Perlakuan jarak tanam 20x20 cm dan perlakuan 4 tanaman per lubang tanam menghasilkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi, jumlah daun terbanyak, berat segar tanaman perlubang tanam.
Potensi Pengembangan Agrowisata dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kecamatan Sigi Kota Kabupaten Sigi Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Akrab Ali 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji (1) potensi pengembangan agrowisata, (2) hubungan antara industri rumah tangga, ekologi dan sosial budaya dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan (3) strategi dan kegiatan pengelolaan potensi pengembangan agrowisata di Kecamatan Sigi Kota Kabupaten Sigi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis potensi, analisis regresi linear berganda, dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) potensi pengembangan agrowisata meliputi tanaman pangan dan hortikultura (padi, jagung, bawang merah lokal Palu, pepaya, mangga, pisang, nangka, dan buah naga), tanaman perkebunan (kakao, aren, kemiri, dan kelor), peternakan (sapi, kambing/domba) dan perikanan ( ikan mujair, ikan mas); (2) industri rumah tangga, ekologi dan sosial-budaya mempunyai hubungan dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi; dan (3) strategi prioritas dalam pengelolaan potensi pengembangan agrowisata adalah strategi Strenght–Opportunities (S–O) dengan cara memaksimalkan kekekuatan dan memanfaatkan peluang yang ada melalui kegiatan antara lain seperti : (a) pembangunan infrastruktur jalan dan jembatan, pembangunan irigasi, homestay, hotel, sarana olah raga, rumah makan, (b) melakukan kegiatan usahatani melalui sistem intensifikasi, diversifikasi, dan rehabilitasi, (c) meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi usahatani dan hasil olahan, (d) strategi marketing mix melalui penggunaan media, baik cetak maupun elektronik, (e) Membangun penangkaran benih padi, pemuliaan induk ternak dan ikan, (f) memanfaatkan teknologi berupa alat dan mesin pertanian modern, (g) peningkatan kualitas keterampilan tenaga kerja melalui kursus, magang, dan studi banding, (h) bimbingan teknis dan sekolah lapangan, (i) melakukan pembinaan, pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap SDM, dan (j) memanfaatkan wisata air panas Bora.