bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Replacing Rice Impurities Instead of Wheat Bran or Barley on Digestibility and Productive Performance of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Kinani Jaafar Karim , Al-Ani Jamal A. Tawfeeq 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution three levels of rice impurities 0%, 50% and 100% instead of wheat bran or barley grains on digestibility and productive performance of Awassi lambs. In the morning, concentrated feed was given individually at 3% of live body weight as a dry matter basis for 56 days preceded by 14 days as an adaptation period. Roughage intake (wheat straw) was given ad-libitum (with residue) and recorded. Twenty-four male lambs aged 3-4 months with an initial weight 24.66 ± 2.81kg divided into six treatments with replacing rice impurities 0%, 50% and 100% instead of wheat bran (T1), T2, T3) or barley grains (T4, T5, T6) in a 2×3 factorial experiment/Completely Randomized Design. The results showed no significant differences in daily intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), soluble carbohydrates (NFE) and metabolizable energy (Me), and an increase (P < 0.05) in the intake of ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF) (P < 0.01) and ash in T6 (100% rice impurities instead of barley), while daily gain and total gain increased significantly (P<0.05) for treatment T3 (100% rice impurities instead of wheat bran) 198.21g/day and 11.1kg in contrasted to others. feed efficiency and digestibility didn’t differ when replacing rice impurities. In conclusion: It’s possible to use rice impurities instead of barley grain or wheat bran to achieve low-priced feed ingredients with a higher weight gain and sustainable development.
The Regression of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) Egg External Traits After One Generation of Inbreeding
Authors: Ameen Questan A. , Mohammed Mohammed S. , Al-Jobouri Hiyam M , Shaker Ahmed S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current experiment was done form (20/12/2018) until (28/7/2019); One hundred eggs were supplied from local farm to hatch the base family. When the flock was reaching the sexual maturity, the eggs were collected to measure the external traits (egg length, egg breadth and egg shape index). The data were analysed by using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software, to calculate the descriptive values concerning mean, standard deviation, and then multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the equation of estimating the two geometric elements. The egg shape index was decrease because of the egg length; it increases from 41.01 to 42.92 in generation 1, and 2 respectively. The correlation between the egg shape index and egg length is negative with high significant. Furthermore the correlation was decreased in the generation two comparing with the generation one. The correlation between the egg shape index and the egg breadth approximate stable in generation one and two (0.713, 0.699) respectively. As it was described above the egg length affected by environment. The result showed that both the linear multiple regression model adequate for select the models in the two generations (p<0.001). The value of R2 for both generations was (0.999, and 0.990) respectively. The regression equation for the egg shape index is changed according to the environments, these changes happened according the egg length value unlike the egg breadth, which is genetically controlled.
Genetic Polymorphism of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene (ESRα) and Its Effect on Production and Biochemical Traits of White Quails
Authors: Al-Hadeedy Ismail Younis , Mohammed Ayhan Kamal , Al-Tikriti Samwal Saadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry field of Animal Production Department - College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk for the period from 28/3/2022 to 15/1/2023, to determine the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of alpha estrogen receptor gene (ESRα) and evaluation of some productive and biochemical traits of white Japanese quail, One-day-old quails were obtained from Animal Production Department - College of Agriculture, and they were reared for 35 days until reaching age of sexual maturity. Then they were randomly distributed to 30 families, with male and female for each family. The birds were fed on a diet with 20% crude protein and 2850 k.cal/kg metabolism energy of feed. At the end of the experiment, the female of each family was slaughtered and DNA was extracted from liver by using kit to determine the polymorphism of the length restriction fragment (RFLP) for estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESRα) and evaluation of some productive and biochemical traits by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology and the use of the restriction enzyme (EcoRI) and electrophoresis to determine the length of bundles of ESRα gene. The results of the study showed that the CC genotype resulting from the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of estrogen receptor alpha (ESRα) gene had a significant effect on egg production of white Japanese quail compared with CT and TT genotypes, and CC and TT genotypes were superior to CT genotypes in estrogen level, while CC and CT genotypes were superior to the TT genotype in glucose level in blood serum of female white Japanese quail. The study recommended to selection CC and TT genotypes of estrogen receptor alpha (ESRα) gene because it is positively and significantly associated with egg production of white Japanese quail.
Effect of Adding Kojic Acid and Sodium Alginate to Semen Extender of Buffalo Bulls on some Biological and Bacteriological Parameters
Authors: Mahdi Zainab Adel , Banana Husam Jasim Hussein , Mohammed Omar Adel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This experiment examined the effects of adding sodium alginate and Kojic acid as substitutes for conventional antibiotics to Skim milk extender on the characteristics of cryopreserved and frozen buffalo bull semen, as well as the evaluation of their additions as antibiotics that help lower the microbial load. Following the collection and dilution of the Skim milk extender, the experimental treatments were separated into five groups, as follows: T1: (control-) without adding any antibiotics; T2: (control+) adding the conventional antibiotics Gentamicin 0.4 IU and Tylosin 0.08 IU per 100 ml; T3: adding Kojic acid at (0.06 g/L) T4: adding sodium alginate at (0.6 mg/mL)T5: adding a combination of Kojic acid (0.06 g/liter) with sodium alginate (0.6 mg/ml) The diluted semen was cryopreserved in accordance with the recommended procedure, and the characteristics of the cryopreserved semen were then assessed. These characteristics included plasma membrane integrity and individual motility, as well as bacteriological tests that measured the total number of bacteria in the treatments, the total number of E. coli bacteria, and the total number of Staphylococcus bacteria for both cooled and frozen semen after 2 hours, 48 hours, 2 months, and 3 months post cryopreservation. The results of the study revealed There were significant enhancement differences (p 0.05) for the treatments T3, T4, and T5 in the percentages of individual motility and viability in comparison to the two control groups, as well as a significant reduction (p 0.05) in the total number of bacteria and the total number of E. coli and Staphylococcus bacteria for treatments T3, T4, and T5 after all periods of cooling and freezing in comparison with the two control groups. It is concluded from the current experiment that the addition of sodium alginate and kojic acid as an alternative substitute for commonly used antibiotics to the semen extender has a significant role in enhancing some characteristics of the buffalo bulls’ semen and helping to reduce the microbial load to a minimum.
Comparing the Addition of Different Levels of Lemon Verbena Leaves Powder (Aloysia citriodora) and the Antibiotic Oxtetracycline to Diets Broiler in the Qualitative Traits of Broiler Carcasses
Authors: Al-Bahadly Z. A. , Al-Himdany H. Q. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
From October 29, 2022, to December 10, 2022, researchers from the University of Baghdad’s College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences monitored birds at the Abu Ghraib chicken farm as part of a 42-day comparative study. Analyzing the effects on the quality of broiler meat from varying amounts of oxtetracycline and lemon verbena leaves powder (aloysia citriodora) in their meals. Three hundred commercial hybrid broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were employed, all of which were unnaturalized at one day old and had an initial weight of 42.42 g/chicken. T1 chicks were fed a standard broiler diet without any additives, T2 chicks were fed diets containing 250 mg of oxytetracycline antibiotic powder per kilogram of body weight, and T3 chicks, T4 chicks, and T5 chicks were fed diets containing 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of aloysia citriodora leaves extract powder. There were no unethical changes in live weight or carcass weight between transactions (p>0.05), but the clearing ratio for the third transaction was much better than the rest of the transection. This study also demonstrated the beneficial effect of adding powdered lemon verbena leaves on flavor oxidation markers after two months of freezing, with a marked reduction in comparison to both the control treatment and the antibiotic treatment.
Relationship of Body Weights with the Productive Performance of Lambs of the Awassi and Karakul Breeds and Crossbred Sheep
Authors: Ali Ali Hussein Mohammed , Altaei Hafedh Mossa Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A study was carried out on 60 ewes of the Awassi and Karakul breeds, and cross at age of birth, weaned and 6 months in Barakat Abi Al-Fadl Al-Abbas Station in Karbala Governorate, Iraq from the first of June 2022 until the first of June of the year 2023.with the aim of studying relationship between body weights (BW) of lambs and productive performance (PP) through a set of factors (Genetic group - Sex of lamb - Age of dams - Month of birth - Weight of dams), The statistical analysis system (SAS) was used to analyze the data. The result is displayed as follows: The genetic group, the sex of lambs, the age of the ewe, and the month of birth didn’t affect BW and average weight gain (AWG) of lambs at birth, weaning, and 6 months of age. Only weight of the ewe had a significant effect (P<0.05) on weight of lambs at 6 months of age. The ewes weighing more than 48 kg were superior to the rest of the other weights, with an average weight of 28.35 kg, while the weight of the ewe did not affect the weight of lambs at birth and weaning, also affected weight of the ewe on rate of weight gain at birth, weaning, and 6 months, with the superiority of ewes weighing more than 48 kg over the rest of the weights. Weaning weight was positively correlated with birth weight and highly significant (P<0.01), and the regression coefficient between 6-month-old body weight and weaning weight was high and significant (P<0.01).
Effect of Breeds on some Semen Characteristics of Awassi Ram and Its Crossbreed
Authors: Al-Janabi Yasser Ammar Ahmood , Habeeb Hayder Mohammed Hassan , Al-Qasimi Rahman H. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ram fertility is important for herd productivity. However, low fertility of local Awassi sheep is present. The objective of this study was to study the effect of Awassi, Krishi, and its crossbreed on some physical and chemical semen characteristics. Twelve rams were used in the study, including (4) Awassi, (4) Krishi, and (4) Crossbreed (Awassi X Krishi). Semen was collected from all rams. Samples were evaluated immediately following collection. Volume, concentration, mass activity, individual motility, live and dead sperm (%), abnormal sperm (%), pH, Aspartate aminotransferase (G.O.T), alanine aminotransferase (G.P.T), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated in this study. The results indicated that the mass activity and individual motility were significantly greater (P<0.01) in (Awassi X Krishi) compared to Awassi and Krishi, respectively. Also, life sperm was significantly greater in (Awassi X Krishi) compared to Krishi but not Awassi Ram. In addition, dead and abnormal sperm was significantly reduced in (Awassi X Krishi) compared to Krashi but did not differ from Awassi. However, volume, concentration, pH, G.O.T, G.P.T, and ALP were not significantly different among groups. In conclusion, ram semen characteristics differed between breeds. This research brings new promising results regarding crossbreeding (Krishi X Awassi) on sperm parameters. An additional study is prepared to evaluate the effect of breed on antioxidant parameters.
Soil Erosion Risk Assessment Using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation RUSLE Model: a Case Study in Shwan Sub basin, Kirkuk, Iraq
Authors: Noori Noorjan E. , Azeez Dalshad R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was used in order to predict the amounts of soil lost by water erosion in the study area. The equation depends mainly on the factors that affect soil erosion represented by soil characteristics, rain fall, topography, vegetation cover, and conservation factor. The study showed that the study area was divided into three classes according to the degree of severity. The class1, the low risk of soil erosion, concentrated in all western parts and some central parts of the study area, occupying an area of 42525.61 hectares, at a rate of 41% of the total area. The class 2, a moderate risk of soil erosion, occupied an area estimated at (40451.19) hectares (39%), spread in the northern, northeastern, some central and southern parts of the study area, while the class 3, the high risk of erosion, had an area of 20744.20 hectares (20% of the area of the region), concentrated in the eastern and southeastern parts of the study area. Generally, the total amounts of soil lost annually due to water erosion in the study area amounted to 1,570,748 tons. The results also showed that the RUSLE model of soil water erosion risk mapping is a highly effective and cost-effective approach.
The Effect of Adding Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid (γ-PGA) on the Moisture Content of Gypsiferous Soil Under Partial Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Tawfeeq S. Q. , Al-Kayssi A. W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The alternate partial root-zone irrigation APRI is a modern irrigation method to save irrigation water. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the conventional irrigation(CI) system and the APRI system, using different levels of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120) kg ha-1 in Gypsiferous Soil, on soil moisture content and water use efficiency. The APRI method achieved the best water extraction efficiency of 3.25 kg.m-3. The depths of water added in the traditional irrigation method were (435.58, 420.52, 416.71, 410.98, and 398.67) mm, and in the alternating irrigation method, they were (390.42, 370.50, 361.27, 340.40, and 322.40) mm for the additional levels of (γ-). PGA), respectively. The APRI method achieved an abundance of irrigation water compared with the CI of (11.57, 13.50, 15.35, 20.74, and 23.66)% for the different addition levels of (γ-PGA), respectively. The decrease in moisture content with the increase in the applied water voltage. There is a direct relationship between the amount of water available to the plant and the level of addition of (γ-PGA).
Deficient Irrigation and Its Impact on Water Use Efficiency, Maize Yield and some of Its Components
Authors: Al-Rubaie Esraa Haider Diab , Bressem Hamza Kazem 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In spring 2021, a clay mixture soil field experiment was conducted in one of Babylon province’s Al-Ataij agricultural fields, 2 km from Hilla’s centre (32°29"24.178″N 43°26"56.459″E) to study the effects of incomplete irrigation on crop sensitivity, water use efficiency, maize yield, and some of its components. Three-replicate RCBDs. Eight treatments were used: the full irrigation treatment (control) after 50% of the available water was drained, and seven incomplete irrigation treatments (25% of the available water was provided after the soil moisture content reached the permanent wilting point) within the root zone. Negative or incomplete irrigation during vegetative development, blossoming, crop output, or both. The number of grains, 1000-grain weight, total yield, crop and field irrigation efficiency, additional water, and real water consumption were calculated. All farming followed rules. Water balance equations calculated effective evapotranspiration (Eta). Full irrigation used 335.26 mm, partial irrigation 341.55 mm, and 147.10 mm. Partial irrigation only lowered real water use by 9.61% in crop formation, 12.90% in vegetative development, and 26.11% in blooming. Insufficient irrigation did not alter yield components, number of grains, 1000-grain weight, or grain yield during yield development. Irrigation decreased characteristics by 1.2, 1.7, and 5.0%. Incomplete vegetative and flowering watering elevated attribute drop rates to 28.2, 9.4, and 54.6. Incomplete watering affects blooming more than vegetative growth and production. Except during growth phases, incomplete irrigation during crop development outperformed all other incomplete and full irrigation treatments. Incomplete crop irrigation was most efficient (1.075 kg/grain 1) and least average (0.75) kg/grain. Water-tolerant crop growth. Water-sensitive plant growth. Correcting poor flower watering boosted crop irrigation efficiency. Partial irrigation only improved crop development ethically.
Behavior and Distribution of Free Aluminum Oxides in some Soil Orders in North of Iraq
Authors: Al-Hamawandi Marwah Jumah , Azeez Dalshad Rasool , Ali Dhahir Khaleel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the behavior of free aluminium oxides in some soil orders in Iraq. Soil samples were collected from five Pedons for soil orders Entisols, Aridisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols and Mollisols. Total free aluminium oxides (Ald) were extracted by (striate-bicarbonate, sodium dithionite), amorphous aluminium oxides by acid ammonium oxalate and aluminium oxide associated with organic matter by alkaline Sodium pyrophosphate. The results showed that the amorphous aluminium oxides followed the same behavior in the vertical distribution and did not take a homogeneous pattern among the study pedons, noting that the Vertisols and Mollisols had outperformed the rest of the orders when it was observed that the highest values of 1.42 g / kg soil appeared in the horizon Ck1 of the Mollisols order, and that the highest values of the active ratio Alo/Ald also appeared in these two orders, which reflects the effect of the development state of the soil in releasing larger amounts of these oxides. Crystalline aluminium oxides appeared at lower values than the amorphous form in the Vertisols and Mollisols, unlike the Entisols, Aridisols and Inceptisols, in which these values excelled, noting that the values of crystalline oxides were somewhat superior in Vertisols. The aluminium oxide associated with the organic matter was concentrated in the surface horizons of all the study pedons, and the degree of soil development had no effect on that.
The Effect of Inoculation with Mycorrhiza Fungi and Organic Fertilization on the Content of Plant Nutrient-Absorbing and Heavy Elements of Chrysanthemum Calendula Officinalis L.
Authors: Al-Qaisi Alaa Ahmed Dakhil , Altai Salahaldeen H.M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy of the Department of horticulture and garden Engineering - Faculty of Agriculture-Tikrit University - during the agricultural season 2020-2021 in plastic pots and planting Chrysanthemum seedlings, the seeds of which were planted in Cork dishes on 10/1/2020, transferring seedlings to plastic pots with a diameter of 14 cm. When forming from 5-4 real leaves. 1-Use Two-level compost (with and without compost) manufactured from printing papers in a ratio of (1: 3), i.e. 3 paper compost and 1 soil. It will be served by an industrial batmoos with a ratio of (2-1). And mixed soil for (Control). 2-inoculation with mycorrhiza fungus of the type Glomus mosseae at two levels (with and without inoculation. 3-use chemical fertilizer with three levels (without fertilizer, half recommendation and full recommendation) It produces 18 transactions that are repeated three times to make 54 trial units. The results showed that inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi led to a significant increase in the dry weight rate and the relative chlorophyll content of the Chrysanthemum plant, the favorable increase for pollinated plants over non-pollinated plants was (32.3, 7 %) the increase in the absorbing elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (37, 37, 33.3 %) respectively, while inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi reduced the absorption of heavy elements by (45.7,60,40,16.6 %) for the elements zinc, lead, cadmium and arsenic respectively, The results showed the importance of inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi in increasing plant growth by increasing the efficiency of absorption of plant nutrients and reducing the absorption of heavy elements.
Effect of Mycorrhizae Inoculation and Spraying with Amino Acids on some Yield Traits and Leaf Proline Content of Corn Plant
Authors: Chfat Luay Manhal , Oleiwi Mohammed Sallal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the spring season in the field of the College of Agriculture of the University of Babylon to study the effect of mycorrhizae inoculation and spraying with amino acids on some growth indicators of corn according to The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using three factors. The second factor is the amino acids with four levels (0, 200 proline, 200 arginine, (200 + 200) mixed mg liter (PPM) and the third factor is the use of two water stresses for water which is irrigation when draining (50-75)% of available water. The inoculation with mycorrhizae was significantly excelled by giving higher yields in grain yield 3.83 tons.ha-1, biological yield 11.30 tons.ha-1, the weight of 1000 grains (g) 96.08 g, proline 5.07 μmol g-1, 2-Spraying with amino acids at treatment A3 gave the highest values for all studied traits. The water stress treatment, which was designated W1, considerably outperformed its competitors by producing the highest values for growth markers from.
Some Growth Characteristics of Maize were Affected by Inoculation with Mycorrhizae and Spraying with Amino Acids
Authors: Chfat Luay Manhal , Oleiwi Mohammed Sallal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research used The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to conduct a springtime field experiment at the College of Agriculture, University of Babylon. The second factor is irrigating while draining (50-75) percent of available water; the third is the use of two water stressors for water; and the fourth is the amino acids with four levels (zero, two hundred milligrams per milliliter (mg/l) proline; two hundred milligrams per milliliter (mg/l) arginine; and two hundred milligrams per milliliter (mg/l) mixed PPM). In comparison to the control group, plants treated with mycorrhizae grew taller (169.15 cm), had a higher chlorophyll index (48.378 Spad Unit), covered more ground (55.82 dm2), produced more biomass (5.45 tons of vegetative dry matter and 4.15 tons of root dry matter per hectare), and weighed significantly less (4.15) than control plants. Protein amino acid spray (treatment A3) resulted in the maximum plant height, chlorophyll index, leaf area, vegetative and root dry weight. The W1 water stress treatment resulted in significantly increased plant height (177.05 cm), chlorophyll index (49.52 Spad Unit), leaf area (52.54 dm2), vegetative dry weight (5.2 tons ha-1), and root dry weight (4.2 tons ha-1). The bi-interaction of water stress and bio fertilization with mycorrhizae resulted in the highest values for plant height, chlorophyll index, leaf area, and root dry weight in the M1W1 condition of corn.