bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Study of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Humoral Immune Response in Helicobacter pylori Infection According to Age
Authors: Soares T. F. , Rocha G. A. , Rocha A. M. C. , Corrêa‐Oliveira R. , Martins‐Filho O. A. , Carvalho A. S. T. , Bittencourt P. , Oliveira C. A. , Faria A. M. C. , Queiroz D. M. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThere are differences between children and adults in certain aspects of the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, among them the lower titre of IgG antibodies anti‐HP in the former group. Thus, we investigated by means of flow cytometry CD4+/CD3+ (CD4+T), CD8+/CD3+ (CD8+T) and CD19+/CD3– (B) cells, activation/co‐stimulatory markers (CD4+/HLA‐DR+, CD4+/CD28+, CD8+/HLA‐DR+ and CD8+/CD28+) and by means of ELISA IgG anti‐HP antibodies in the peripheral blood from HP‐positive and ‐negative children and adults. An increased CD4+/CD28+ and CD8+/CD28+ percentage and number of CD4+/CD3+ cells were seen in infected adults. Conversely, no difference was observed between infected and noninfected children, but when they were stratified by age, an increased CD4+/CD28+ cell percentage was seen in the HP‐positive group older than 10 years. The mean level of IgG anti‐HP was lower in younger infected children, increased with age and correlated with CD4+ cells. Our data suggest that the immune response to HP infection vary according to the age. Low percentage of activated CD4+ cell may contribute to the lower level of serum IgG anti‐HP observed in younger infected children. In addition, the CD4+ cell participation during the infection seems to begin after 10 years old, when the immune response becomes similar to that seen in adults.
Allergen Challenge Alters Intracellular Cytokine Expression
Authors: Muratov V. , Barck C. , Bylin G. , Källström E. , Halldén G. , Van Hage M. , Elvin K. , Lundahl J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe pathophysiology of asthma is complex and engages cascades of events in the cytokine network. We, therefore, investigated the impact of bronchial allergen challenge in humans on the cytokine profile of circulating lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with allergic asthma were collected before and 24 h after allergen provocation. Patients who mounted a late‐phase reaction were designated dual responders opposite to single responders. Whole blood cells were stimulated by mitogen and intracellular interleukin (IL)‐4 and interferon (IFN)‐γ were detected by flow cytometry. The allergen challenge induced a decrease in IL‐4+CD4+ cells in the patients (P = 0.05), and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in IFN‐γ+CD4+ cells was noted in single, but not dual, responders. In addition, there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) with respect to the changes in the IFN‐γ+CD4+ cells comparing dual and single responders. No corresponding changes were observed in CD8+ cells. The data suggest a possible on‐going traffic of IFN‐γ and IL‐4+CD4+ lymphocytes into the bronchial mucosa in relation to an allergen challenge and generate the hypothesis that a difference exists between single and dual responders in this respect. Because the CD4+IFN‐γ‐producing cells have the capacity to downregulate the T‐helper type 2 response, a reduced capacity in this aspect might contribute to the pathophysiology in dual responders.
Requisite Role for Complement C5 and the C5a Receptor in Granulomatous Response to Mycobacterial Glycolipid Trehalose 6,6′‐Dimycolate
Authors: Borders C. W. , Courtney A. , Ronen K. , Pilar Laborde‐Lahoz M. , Guidry T. V. , Hwang S.‐A. , Olsen M. , Hunter R. L. , Hollmann T. J. , Wetsel R. A. , Actor J. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe development of pulmonary granulomatous lesions during mycobacterial infection is a complex phenomenon, in part caused by responses elicited towards the surface glycolipid trehalose 6,6′‐dimycolate (TDM; cord factor). The molecular mechanisms underlying granuloma formation following challenge with TDM are not yet completely understood. The present study defines pathologic differences in acute response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis TDM in C57BL/6 mice and mice lacking the C5a receptor (C5aR–/–). Mice were intravenously injected with TDM prepared in water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion and examined for histologic response and changes in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue. Control C5a receptor‐sufficient mice demonstrated a granulomatous response that peaked between days 4 and 7. Increased production of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha (MIP‐1α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and CXC chemokine KC (CXCL1) correlated with development of granulomas, along with modest change in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). In contrast, the C5aR–/– mice revealed markedly exacerbated inflammatory response. The receptor‐deficient mice also demonstrated a lack of coherent granulomatous response, with severe oedema present and instances of lymphocytic cuffing around pulmonary vessels. Lung weight index was increased in the C5aR–/– mice, correlating with increased MIP‐1α, KC, IL‐1β and TNF‐α over that identified in the congenic C5aR‐sufficient controls. Correlate experiments performed in C5‐deficient (B10.D2‐H2d H2‐T18c Hco/oSnJ) mice revealed similar results, leading to the conclusion that C5 plays a significant role in mediation of chemotactic and activation events that are the basis for maturation of granulomatous responses to TDM.
Clearance of Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection in H‐2 Class I–/– Human Leucocyte Antigen‐A2.1 Monochain Transgenic Mice
Authors: Tammiruusu A. , Haveri A. , Pascolo S. , Lahesmaa R. , Stevanovic S. , Rammensee H.‐G. , Sarvas M. , Puolakkainen M. , Vuola J. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCD8+ T cells have been suggested to play an important role in protective immunity against pulmonary Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice. Moreover, several classical major histocompatibility complex class I – restricted cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for C. pneumoniae– derived peptides have been identified. Here, we studied the outcome of C. pneumoniae infection in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A2.1 transgenic mice (HHD mice) that are only able to express a classical human class I molecule (HLA‐A2.1). C. pneumoniae infection was self‐restricted in HHD mice which were able to develop specific immune responses and a protective immunity against a subsequent rechallenge in a manner comparable to wildtype mice. Furthermore, accumulation of functional and C. pneumoniae‐specific T cells to the site of infection was detected after challenge. Antigen processing and HLA‐A2.1‐dependent presentation was studied by immunizing the HHD mice with chlamydial outer protein N (CopN). Isolation of a peptide‐specific CTL line from the CopN‐immunized mice suggests that the HLA‐A2.1 molecule can support the development of CTL response against a chlamydial protein in mice. These findings suggest that the transgenic mouse model can be used for further characterization of the HLA‐A2.1‐restricted CD8+ T‐cell response during C. pneumoniae infection and for identification of CD8 epitopes from chlamydial antigens.
Evidence for Involvement of p59fyn in Fasting‐Induced Thymic Involution
Authors: Nishio H. , Takase I. , Fukunishi S. , Takagi T. , Tamura A. , Miyazaki T. , Suzuki K. 
Published: August 2005

Abstractp59fyn, a member of the src‐family protein tyrosine kinase, is expressed abundantly in thymus. We examined the possible involvement of p59fyn in thymic involution induced by a fasting stress in Fyn–/– mice. An acute 48 h fast resulted in severe atrophy of the thymus and a marked decrease of the total thymocyte number with depletion of the CD4+CD8+[double positive (DP)] population in Fyn+/+ (control) mice. A remarkable increase in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labelling‐positive signals was detected in the fasted group of control mice. However, these findings were not observed in Fyn–/– mice. Interestingly, MRL/MPJ‐lpr/lpr, a Fas‐deficient model animal, also showed no significant decrease of DP cell numbers in the fasted group. p59fyn is known to interact with Fas signalling, and these findings suggest that p59fyn is involved in fasting‐induced thymic involution, raising the possibility that Fas/p59fyn‐mediated signalling may, at least partially, be associated with the phenomenon.
Intrahepatic CD4+ T‐Cell Apoptosis is Related to METAVIR Score in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Roger P.‐M. , Chaillou S. , Breittmayer J.‐P. , Dahman M. , St. Paul M.‐C. , Chevallier P. , Benzaken S. , Ticchioni M. , Bernard A. , Dellamonica P. , Tran A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to liver injury, which is thought to be immune‐mediated. Apoptosis of hepatic T cells could influence histological damage. We quantified peripheral and intrahepatic T‐cell apoptosis in 28 patients with chronic hepatitis C by using cytofluorometric techniques. METAVIR score and HCV plasma viral load were determined. Six liver biopsies, obtained from controls without chronic hepatitis during hepatobiliary surgery, served as controls. In patients, liver T‐cell apoptosis was upregulated compared to peripheral T cells: 35 versus 7% for CD4+ and 56 versus 13% for CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001). Liver T‐cell apoptosis levels from patients were increased compared to controls for both CD4+ (P = 0.041) and CD8+ T cells (P = 0.007). Nine patients exhibiting METAVIR scores A and F ≤1 showed higher intrahepatic CD4+ T‐cell apoptosis compared to the 19 patients with a higher METAVIR score (P = 0.001) and both histological activity and fibrosis were related to apoptosis level. There was also an inverse relationship between the level of intrahepatic CD8+ T‐cell apoptosis and serum transaminase activity (P = 0.023). Our study shows immune compartmentalization, suggesting that the study of peripheral blood lymphocytes may not be fully relevant to the pathophysiology of HCV hepatitis, and that the severity of liver injury is inversely correlated with intrahepatic CD4+ T‐cell apoptosis.
Neurotrophic Factors and Clinical Recovery in Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Caggiula M. , Batocchi A. P. , Frisullo G. , Angelucci F. , Patanella A. K. , Sancricca C. , Nociti V. , Tonali P. A. , Mirabella M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPathogenic autoimmune cells are demonstrated to be able to produce neurotrophic factors during acute phase of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we determined the production of various neurotrophins [brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and neurotrophin 4 (NT4)] and some pro‐inflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)] by unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 21 relapsing‐remitting MS patients during different phases of disease (stable, relapse and post‐relapse). During acute phase of disease, we detected a considerable increase of BDNF, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ production, while significantly higher levels of GDNF, NGF, NT3 and NT4 were found in post‐relapse phase. When neurotrophin production was correlated with clinical outcome (complete or partial recovery from new symptoms), we found a significantly higher BDNF production in relapse phase followed by increased GDNF, NGF, NT3 and NT4 levels during post‐relapse phase in subjects with complete remission only. During relapse phase, we detected a significant increase of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, that was more evident in patients with partial recovery. The neuroprotective potential of immune cells seems to be inversely correlated with disease duration and with the age of patients.
Immunization by Arg‐gingipain A DNA vaccine protects mice against an invasive Porphyromonas gingivalis infection through regulation of interferon‐γ production
Authors: Yonezawa H. , Kato T. , Kuramitsu H. K. , Okuda K. , Ishihara K. 
Published: August 2005

We previously demonstrated that a Porphyromonas gingivalis rgpA DNA vaccine induced protective immune responses against P. gingivalis infection in mice (Yonezawa et al. Infect Immun 2001: 69: 2858–2864). In the present study, reduction in lethality against infection by lethal doses of P. gingivalis was observed in the rgpA DNA vaccine‐immunized mice. Cytokine levels in the mouse model with nonlethal doses of infection by P. gingivalis were evaluated to analyze the mechanism of protection by immunization with the rgpA DNA vaccine. After nonlethal challenge with invasive P. gingivalis W50, production of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐12 was elevated; however, interferon (IFN)‐γ was lower in the serum of the DNA vaccine‐immunized mice than in the serum of nonimmunized mice. The regulation of IFN‐γ production elicited by immunization with the rgpA DNA vaccine may play a significant role in protection against P. gingivalis infection in mice.
Detection of bacteria in endodontic samples by polymerase chain reaction assays and association with defined clinical signs in Italian patients
Authors: Foschi F. , Cavrini F. , Montebugnoli L. , Stashenko P. , Sambri V. , Prati C. 
Published: August 2005

Background/aims:  The presence of selected bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola) in infected root canals was studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and the association of bacteria with clinical signs of endodontic disease was assessed. The null hypothesis, that no difference could be observed between clinical signs of apical periodontitis and a specific bacterial strain, was tested.Methods:  Microbial samples were obtained from 62 teeth in 54 patients with endodontic disease. For each tooth, clinical data including patient symptoms were collected. Teeth were categorized by diagnosis as having acute apical periodontitis (AAP, teeth with clinical symptoms but no periapical radiolucency, n = 22), chronic apical periodontitis (CAP, teeth with radiolucency but no clinical symptoms, n = 15) or exacerbated apical periodontitis (EAP, teeth with symptoms and radiolucency, n = 25). Seventy‐one percent of cases were primary endodontic infections, and 29% were recurrent (‘secondary’) endodontic infections (failing cases). PCR assays were used to detect the presence of the selected bacteria.Results:  T. denticola and E. faecalis were each detected in 15 of 62 samples (24%), P. gingivalis in 8 samples (13%), P. intermedia in 5 samples (8%), and T. forsythensis in 4 samples (7%). T. denticola was detected in 56% of teeth with EAP. E. faecalis was found in 60% of teeth with CAP and in 72% of teeth with secondary infection. Statistical analysis demonstrated an association of CAP and secondary endodontic infection with the presence of E. faecalis. (P < 0.01). EAP was associated with the presence of T. denticola (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  T. denticola was associated with symptomatic endodontic disease in the presence of apical bone resorption. E. faecalis was associated with treatment failures. We suggest that these species may play critical roles in endodontic pathology.
Bacterial internalization in periodontitis
Authors: Vitkov L. , Krautgartner W. D. , Hannig M. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  Bacterial invasion of host epithelial cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis; however, the exact mechanism of the invasion has not been investigated.Methods:  Pocket epithelium biopsies in periodontitis were analysed via scanning and transmission electron microscopy using ultra‐histochemical staining with ruthenium red for glycocalyx visualization.Results:  We demonstrated that oral bacteria adhered via fimbriae‐mediated adhesion only. The bacterial internalization in periodontitis was marked by the hallmark of the fimbriae‐induced zipper mechanism – the phagocytic cup formation – but we found no sign of the trigger mechanism of internalization. In addition, we frequently observed apoptosis in the phagocytizing epithelial cells.Conclusion:  Fimbriae‐mediated adhesion is a prerequisite for bacterial invasion in periodontitis. This occurs by the fimbriae‐induced zipper mechanism of internalization. As internalization induces apoptosis, the subsequent exfoliation might play a significant role in the clearance of periodontal pathogens.
Selective reduction of anti‐Helicobacter pylori IgG subclass antibody in gastric carcinoma
Authors: REN ZHIGANG , BORODY TOM , PANG GERALD , LI LIANG‐CHEN , DUNKLEY MARGARET , CLANCY ROBERT 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated strong links between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma. Recent studies suggest that cell‐mediated immunity influences the outcome of infection, including the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. The T‐cell response can be characterized in terms of the secreted cytokine profile, which in turn influences the B‐cell response including the balance of IgG subclass antibody.Methods: Serum anti‐H. pylori IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were studied by ELISA in subjects with benign gastric diseases, gastric dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma.Results: The distribution patterns of IgG subclass anti‐H. pylori antibody varies significantly between H. pylori‐linked benign and malignant disease in subjects infected with H. pylori. Significantly lower IgG2 levels were found in subjects with gastric adenocarcinoma compared with those with reflux esophagitis, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and peptic ulcer, while IgG1 antibody remained at similar levels in both benign and malignant disease. A limited study of seropositive subjects with premalignant change was consistent with the fall in IgG2 antibody pre‐dating malignant change, although pre‐eradication results are needed to validate these data.Conclusions: These studies indicate that subjects with low levels of IgG2 anti‐H. pylori antibody are at risk of gastric adenocarcinoma, and that the previously described linkage between gastric adenocarcinoma and low total IgG antibody does not simply reflect reduced gastric colonization. The diagnostic value of this assay for pre‐endoscopy screening is attractive.
No correlation between clinical symptoms and Blastocystis hominis in immunocompetent individuals
Authors: LEDER KARIN , HELLARD MARGARET E , SINCLAIR MARTHA I , FAIRLEY CHRISTOPHER K , WOLFE RORY 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground and Aim: Previous reports regarding the clinical significance and pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis have been contradictory. The aim of this study was to examine the association between Blastocystis and gastrointestinal symptoms in immunocompetent individuals.Methods: We monitored over 2800 healthy people for a period of 15 months, and took stool specimens during both asymptomatic periods and during periods of gastrointestinal symptoms.Results: After exclusion of individuals who had simultaneous identification of other fecal pathogens, we compared the proportions of asymptomatic versus symptomatic individuals positive for Blastocystis and found no significant difference (P = 0.5). Symptom status did not correlate with parasite abundance. We found that some individuals were likely to have Blastocystis detected during both asymptomatic and symptomatic periods, possibly suggesting carriage of the organism.Conclusion: In conclusion, we found no correlation between clinical symptoms and the presence or absence of Blastocystis among this healthy cohort.
Jaundice in malaria
Authors: ANAND ANIL C , PURI PANKAJ 
Published: August 2005

AbstractJaundice is not an unusual accompaniment of malaria. It can occur due to intravascular hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and, rarely, ‘malarial hepatitis’. Although the primary schizogony of the malarial parasite always leads to the rupture of the infected hepatocyte, alteration of the hepatic functions is uncommonly recorded due to this event. Histologically, the hepatitis or the actual inflammation in the liver has never been demonstrated. Nonetheless, the term ‘malarial hepatitis’ (MH) has been used in the literature to describe the occurrence of hepatocellular jaundice in patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection. The authors’ own data and review of the literature indicate that it is not an uncommon entity. In endemic areas, jaundice is seen in approximately 2.5% of patients with falciparum malaria. It also appears to be a heterogeneous syndrome and one can recognize two clinical subsets. In one group there was an acute, virulent presentation with coma, renal failure and in some cases even hemorrhagic manifestations. It is only in this setting that jaundice signified a ‘severe’ disease as noted by the World Health Organization action program. This presentation is often confused with acute viral hepatitis and acute hepatic failure in non‐endemic areas, but can be clinically differentiated.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Association between adenomas of rectosigmoid colon and metabolic syndrome features in a Chinese population
Authors: WANG YA‐YU , LIN SHIH‐YI , LAI WEN‐AN , LIU PI‐HWA , SHEU WAYNE HUEY‐HERNG 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a cluster of diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association of MS with adenomas of the rectosigmoid colon, a well‐established precancerous lesion.Methods:  A total of 4938 Taiwanese patients (2891 men and 2047 women with a mean age of 50.1 years), who had a physical examination at our hospital between January 2001 and October 2002, were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a sigmoidoscopic examination to 60 cm from the anus. A modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definition of MS was used in this study, in which body mass index (BMI) was substituted for the waist circumference measurement.Results:  Overall, 14% of patients had an elevated fasting glucose, 27% had high blood pressure, 14% had an increased triglyceride (TG) level, 8% had low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and 18% were obese. Rectosigmoid polyps were present in 17% of patients, among whom 568 received polypectomy. Pathological findings were hyperplastic in 138 subjects, adenomas in 341, carcinomas in 10, and other benign lesions in 79. In patients without polyps, the adjusted mean TG level and calculated BMI level were lower than those in patients with adenomas. No such difference existed, however, between patients without polyps and those with hyperplastic polyps. The odds ratio of adenomas in situ as compared to either a polyp‐free state or the presence of hyperplastic polyps increased significantly with the number of MS diagnostic criteria the patient exhibited.Conclusion:  Our study shows that MS is associated with rectosigmoid adenomas in a Chinese population. In patients with rectosigmoid polyps, the coexistence of MS may portend an increased risk of adenomas.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd