bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of digital skills on citizens’ digital participation: mediating effects of political interest, social issues concern and national identity
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Wang , Wang Jie 
Published: January 2024

PurposeIn the context of the digital age, this study aims to investigate the impact of citizens' digital participation on the scientific and democratic decision-making processes of the government. Specifically, the authors focus on the factors influencing citizens' digital participation, with a particular emphasis on their digital skills.Design/methodology/approachExploring the influence of citizens' digital skills on their digital participation is of great practical significance for eliminating the digital divide and for promoting a life characterized by enriched digital interactions with the public. This study selected the social consciousness survey database of Chinese netizens in 2017, used ordered Probit and OLS models, and comprehensively used the instrumental variable method (IV), causal stepwise regression method and bootstrap method to empirically verify and construct a mechanism model of the influence of digital skills on citizens' digital participation.FindingsThe empirical findings indicate a noteworthy positive association between citizens' proficiency in digital skills and their active engagement in digital activities. This relationship is positively mediated by factors such as political interest and attention to social issues, underscoring their role in encouraging greater digital participation. Conversely, national identity exhibits a counteractive influence on this mechanism, potentially discouraging digital engagement. Notably, the impact of digital skill mastery on digital participation is more pronounced among non-elderly individuals and those residing in metropolitan areas, highlighting the significance of demographic characteristics in this context.Originality/valueThese research results can help the government and other organizations make better decisions and facilitate improvement of citizens' digital participation by promoting their mastery of digital skills.
Extending the consequences of entrepreneurial bricolage to competitive advantage and sustainability performance: the role of servant leadership
Authors: Abukari Abdul Jelil , Wenyuan Li , Abubakari Mohammed Sadick , Pomegbe Wisdom Wise Kwabla , Sulemana Ibrahim 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis study focuses on how entrepreneurial bricolage (EB) drives both competitive advantage (CA) and sustainability performance (SP).Design/methodology/approach Relying on structural equation modeling, data were collected from 200 small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) manufacturers in Ghana.FindingsThe results indicate that EB drives both CA and SP positively. SL positively moderated the relationship between EB and CA, while the moderating role of SL in the relationship between EB and SP was not supported.Originality/valueThe study concludes that EB can enhance SP, a notion prior study grossly overlooked.
Ethical decision-making in East Africa: predictors of whistleblowing intention
Authors: Manesh Meysam , Tavakoli Assad , Oyewunmi Adebukola E. , Pillay Soma 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to understand employees’ propensity to blow the whistle in two East African countries. This study develops a model of ethical decision-making (EDM) to assist management in predicting the probability of whistleblowing in Kenya and Uganda. It also seeks to find the moderating effect of perceived retaliation on whistleblowing intention.

Design/methodology/approach
This study administers a standardized questionnaire to employees in Kenya and Uganda to measure their perceptions about whistleblowing in their organizations. This study uses partial least square structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. This study uses four constructs, namely, awareness, judgment, retaliation and likelihood, of blowing the whistle. These constructs are measured with multiple-item scales.

Findings
The results show that ethical awareness and judgment significantly increase willingness to engage in whistleblowing in East Africa. However, this study does not find a significant retaliation effect on whistleblowing intention. Instead, this study finds that awareness and judgment mediate between retaliation and willingness to engage in whistleblowing.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to EDM topics. It advances the understanding of the whistleblowing concept, the retaliation effect and the reasons to encourage blowing the whistle in Africa. However, this study did not consider cultural factors, such as nationality, patriotism and ethnicity. Moreover, the results are only based on data from Uganda and Kenya and may not apply to other sub-Saharan nations.

Practical implications
These findings are particularly significant for managers and policymakers in East Africa, where fear of retaliation and lack of awareness are the main barriers to whistleblowing. The results may help managers develop human resource practices to include policies to support moral behavior. It may also provide insights to the policymakers to understand the factors that facilitate whistleblowing practices and help them to adopt new strategies or policies to stimulate whistleblowing culture.

Originality/value
This study is one of the initial empirical studies in the East Africa context to explore the EDM predictors and the impact of retaliation on the whistleblowing intention.
Explanations for sickness absence due to common mental disorders: A narrative study of young health and social care workers
Authors: Heinonen Noora , Katainen Anu , Lallukka Tea , Nordquist Hilla , Kouvonen Anne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver recent decades, sickness absence due to common mental disorders has increased among young workers. The phenomenon is mostly understood on the basis of epidemiological research, and knowledge regarding the viewpoints of young workers themselves is lacking. Our study explored the explanations for mental health‐related sickness absence in the narrative accounts of young workers in high‐risk health and social care occupations. Semi‐structured narrative interviews were conducted with 23 Finnish young workers (aged 21–34), with self‐reported sickness absence related to common mental disorders over the previous year. Our analysis identified three narrative explanations for the onset of mental health problems leading to sick leave: work as the sole cause, work as an additional cause and work as a trigger. These findings indicate that mental health‐related sickness absences form a complex phenomenon related to various life and work‐related circumstances. More comprehensive preventive measures are needed in the health and social care sector to help tackle mental health problems among young workers.
Symbolic boundary work: Jewish and Arab femicide in Israeli Hebrew newspapers
Authors: Shor Eran , Filkobski Ina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe analyze 391 news reports in Israeli newspapers between 2013 and 2015, covering murders of women and their family members by other family members and intimate partners. We compare articles where the perpetrators and victims are Jewish to those where the perpetrators and victims are Palestinian citizens of Israel (henceforth PCI). We found that articles tend to provide much more details about Jewish culprits than about PCI ones. As for ascribed motives, most murder cases by Jews were framed as an outcome of individual personality or the pathology of the culprit. Conversely, when Palestinian citizens were the killers, culture and tradition were invoked as the main motives. We suggest that the routine work of narration that the Israeli media preform when covering femicide is a case of political use of cultural stereotypes to gain moral ground in the intractable conflict between Jews and Palestinians.
Osteoclasts and osteoarthritis: Novel intervention targets and therapeutic potentials during aging
Authors: Wang Haojue , Yuan Tao , Wang Yi , Liu Changxing , Li Dengju , Li Ziqing , Sun Shui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disease, is highly prevalent among the aging population, and often leads to joint pain, disability, and a diminished quality of life. Although considerable research has been conducted, the precise molecular mechanisms propelling OA pathogenesis continue to be elusive, thereby impeding the development of effective therapeutics. Notably, recent studies have revealed subchondral bone lesions precede cartilage degeneration in the early stage of OA. This development is marked by escalated osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption, subsequent imbalances in bone metabolism, accelerated bone turnover, and a decrease in bone volume, thereby contributing significantly to the pathological changes. While the role of aging hallmarks in OA has been extensively elucidated from the perspective of chondrocytes, their connection with osteoclasts is not yet fully understood. There is compelling evidence to suggest that age‐related abnormalities such as epigenetic alterations, proteostasis network disruption, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, can stimulate osteoclast activity. This review intends to systematically discuss how aging hallmarks contribute to OA pathogenesis, placing particular emphasis on the age‐induced shifts in osteoclast activity. It also aims to stimulate future studies probing into the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches targeting osteoclasts in OA during aging.
Vitamin D3 inhibits p38 MAPK and senescence‐associated inflammatory mediator secretion by senescent fibroblasts that impacts immune responses during ageing
Authors: Sayegh Souraya , Fantecelle Carlos Henrique , Laphanuwat Phatthamon , Subramanian Priya , Rustin Malcom H. A. , Gomes Daniel C. O. , Akbar Arne N. , Chambers Emma S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVitamin D3 replacement in older insufficient adults significantly improves their antigen‐specific varicella zoster virus (VZV) cutaneous immunity. However, the mechanisms involved in this enhancement of cutaneous immunity are not known. Here, we show for the first time that vitamin D3 blocks the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) production by senescent fibroblasts by partially inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of skin biopsies from older subjects after vitamin D3 supplementation shows that vitamin D3 inhibits the same inflammatory pathways in response to saline as the specific p38 inhibitor, losmapimod, which also enhances immunity in the skin of older subjects. Vitamin D3 supplementation therefore may enhance immunity during ageing in part by blocking p38 MAPK signalling and in turn inhibit SASP production from senescent cells in vivo.
In vitro bacterial penetration and dissemination through dentinal tubules in roots filled with calcium silicate‐based cements
Authors: Pham Peter , Abbott Paul V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether calcium silicate root fillings prevent bacterial penetration and to determine how bacteria penetrate roots. Extracted single‐rooted, single‐canal human teeth were decoronated, prepared and filled with ProRootMTA or Biodentine (n = 12 each). Positive and negative (n = 2 each) controls were not filled. A two‐chamber model was used with Streptococcus gordonii. The lower compartment was evaluated for turbidity over 150 days. Roots were split and examined for bacteria via SEM. The chi‐squared test was used for comparisons (α = 0.05). Experimental groups had bacteria in their coronal thirds. Tubules contained bacteria in 90.9% and 91.7% of areas examined in the Biodentine and ProRootMTA groups, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.914). Experimental and negative roots had no turbidity with no significant difference between Biodentine and ProRootMTA (p = 1.000). Positive controls had turbidity. Bacteria penetrate roots via dentine tubules of root‐filled teeth. Biodentine was comparable to ProRoot MTA.
Not all hands get hot: Success rates and hot‐hand predictions
Authors: Braga João Niza , Jacinto Sofia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen predicting someone's performance, people expect that short runs of consistent successful outcomes will continue—the hot‐hand. This tendency has been shown in contexts where athletes show a local performance streak, but no other information about their performance is provided. In real‐life settings, performance predictions often use global‐performance records like success‐rate probabilities, although judgements often neglect such statistical information. Aimed at understanding psychological momentums, in a classical sports domain the present work explores how global‐performance information (success rates) about an athlete impacts intentionality judgements and moderate predictions of success after a streak. Four studies show that (1) although participants tend to predict the continuation of streaks of success, they are less likely to predict that successful streaks will continue when success rates are low (vs. high or unknown); (2) sensitiveness to local performance's consistency affects perceived ability for high‐success rate athletes and perceived effort for low success‐rate athletes; (3) the mediation model describing that intentionality attributions mediate the effect of global success‐rate information on performance predictions fits the data. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Neonatal outcome following metformin‐treated gestational diabetes mellitus: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Molin Johanna , Domellöf Magnus , Häggström Christel , Vanky Eszter , Zamir Itay , Östlund Eva , Bixo Marie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionNeonatal hypoglycemia is a common complication associated with gestational diabetes and therefore relevant to consider in evaluations of maternal treatment. We aimed to investigate the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in offspring exposed to metformin treatment alone (MT) or combined with insulin (MIT) in comparison with nutrition therapy alone (NT), and insulin treatment alone (IT). In addition, we investigated MT in comparison with MIT. Secondary outcomes included neonatal anthropometrics, respiratory morbidity, hyperbilirubinemia, 5‐min Apgar score, and preterm birth.Material and methodsThis Swedish population‐based cohort included 16 181 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and their singleton offspring born in 2019–2021. We estimated risk as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), using individual‐level, linkage register‐data in multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsIn the main analysis, MT was associated with a lower risk of neonatal hypoglycemia vs NT (aOR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96), vs MIT (0.74 [0.64–0.87]), and vs IT (0.47 [0.40–0.55]), whereas MIT was associated with a similar risk of neonatal hypoglycemia vs NT (1.14 [0.99–1.30]) and with lower risk vs IT (0.63 [0.53–0.75]). However, supplemental feeding rates were lower for NT vs pharmacological treatments (p < 0.001). In post hoc subgroup analyses including only exclusively breastfed offspring, the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia was modified and similar among MT and NT, and higher in MIT vs NT. Insulin exposure, alone or combined with metformin, was associated with increased risk of being large for gestational age. Compared with NT, exposure to any pharmacological treatment was associated with significantly lower risk of 5‐min Apgar score < 4. All other secondary outcomes were comparable among the treatment categories.ConclusionsThe risk of neonatal hypoglycemia appears to be comparable among offspring exposed to single metformin treatment and nutrition therapy alone, and the lower risk that we observed in favor of metformin is probably explained by a difference in supplemental feeding practices rather than metformin per se. By contrast, the lower risk favoring metformin exposure over insulin exposure was not explained by supplemental feeding. However, further investigations are required to determine whether the difference is an effect of metformin per se or mediated by other external factors.
Endogenous timing of R&D decisions with spillovers: Output versus research subsidies
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Kim Doori , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study considers an endogenous timing game of R&D decisions with research spillovers and compares the effects of output and research subsidies. We show that the simultaneous‐move (sequential‐move) game is an equilibrium if the spillover rate is low (high) under an output subsidy while this equilibrium is socially beneficial if the spillover rate is high or low enough. Under a research subsidy, however, the simultaneous‐move game is a unique equilibrium regardless of the spillover rate, which is always socially beneficial. We also show that an output subsidy in the simultaneous‐move game provides higher (lower) social welfare than a research subsidy if the spillover rate is low (high). Finally, we provide the robustness of our findings and some policy‐relevant discussions.
Interactions of small molecule inhibitors with secreted phospholipase A2: A review of the structural data
Authors: Crous Chantalle , Petzer Anél , Petzer Jacobus P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) family of enzymes hydrolyzes glycerophospholipid substrates at the sn‐2 position of the acyl ester bond. Besides their roles in the degradation of phospholipids, these enzymes also play an important role in the immune response by promoting inflammation. The products of sPLA2‐catalysis (lysophospholipids and free fatty acids such as arachidonic acid) as well as secondary metabolites produced by the arachidonic acid cascade are mediators of inflammation and subsequent tissue injury. Based on their physiological functions, the sPLA2 enzymes are pharmacological targets for the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory component such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, sPLA2s may also have roles in various types of cancer such as malignant prostate cancer. While a number of sPLA2 inhibitors have been described, compounds which have been co‐crystallized with human sPLA2 enzymes are of much importance as such three‐dimensional structures provide valuable information regarding the structural requirements of good potency inhibitors as well as the molecular interactions between the enzyme and inhibitor. This review selected four structures of human sPLA2s complexed with inhibitors from the Protein Data Bank to illustrate the important molecular interactions of inhibitor compounds with the enzymes and to highlight the structural features important for interaction with the sPLA2 active site. In addition, the complex of the sPLA2 inhibitor, varespladib, with a Lys49‐PLA2‐like snake venom toxin is also discussed. Knowledge of the molecular interactions acquired from such structures would greatly aid the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of sPLA2s for the treatment of snakebite envenoming. The three‐dimensional structures presented in this review have been published by various research groups and have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank.
Guided Exploration of Industrial Sensor Data
Authors: Langer Tristan , Meyes Richard , Meisen Tobias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, digitization in the industrial sector has increased steadily. Digital data not only allows us to monitor the underlying production process using machine learning methods (anomaly detection, behaviour analysis) but also to understand the underlying production process. Insights from Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) play an important role in building data‐driven processes because data scientists learn essential characteristics of the data in the context of the domain. Due to the complexity of production processes, it is usually difficult for data scientists to acquire this knowledge by themselves. Hence, they have to rely on continuous close collaboration with domain experts and their acquired domain expertise. However, direct communication does not promote documentation of the knowledge transfer from domain experts to data scientists. In this respect, changing team constellations, for example due to a change in personnel, result in a renewed high level of effort despite the same knowledge transfer problem. As a result, EDA is a cost‐intensive iterative process. We, therefore, investigate a system to extract information from the interactions that domain experts perform during EDA. Our approach relies on recording interactions and system states of an exploration tool and generating guided exploration sessions for domain novices. We implement our approach in a software tool and demonstrate its capabilities using two real‐world use cases from the manufacturing industry. We evaluate its feasibility in a user study to investigate whether domain novices can reproduce the most important insights from domain experts about the datasets of the use cases based on generated EDA sessions. From the results of this study, we conclude the feasibility of our system as participants are able to reproduce on average 86.5% of insights from domain experts.
Deep learning in the overall process of implant prosthodontics: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Ying Shunv , Huang Feng , Liu Wei , He Fuming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence represented by deep learning has attracted attention in the field of dental implant restoration. It is widely used in surgical image analysis, implant plan design, prosthesis shape design, and prognosis judgment. This article mainly describes the research progress of deep learning in the whole process of dental implant prosthodontics. It analyzes the limitations of current research, and looks forward to the future development direction.
The impacts of registration‐and‐fixation device positioning on the performance of implant placement assisted by dynamic computer‐aided surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Bin‐Zhang , Sun Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of dynamic computer‐aided surgery (dCAS) in replacing a single missing posterior tooth, we compare outcomes when using registration‐and‐fixation devices positioned anterior or posterior to the surgical site. Registration is performed on either the anterior or opposite posterior teeth.MethodsForty individuals needing posterior single‐tooth implant placement were randomly assigned to anterior or posterior registration. Nine parameters were analyzed to detect the deviations between planned and actual implant placement, using Mann–Whitney and t‐tests for nonnormally and normally distributed data, respectively.ResultsThe overall average angular deviation for this study was 2.08 ± 1.12°, with the respective average 3D platform and apex deviations of 0.77 ± 0.32 mm and 0.88 ± 0.32 mm. Angular deviation values for individuals in the anterior and posterior registration groups were 1.58°(IQR: 0.98°–2.38°) and 2.25°(IQR: 1.46°–3.43°), respectively (p = .165), with 3D platform deviations of 0.81 ± 0.29 mm and 0.74 ± 0.36 mm (p = .464), as well as 3D apex deviations of 0.89 ± 0.32 mm and 0.88 ± 0.33 mm (p = .986). No significant variations in absolute buccolingual (platform, p = .659; apex, p = .063), apicocoronal (platform, p = .671; apex, p = .649), or mesiodistal (platform, p = .134; apex, p = .355) deviations were observed at either analyzed levels.ConclusionsBoth anterior and posterior registration approaches facilitate accurate dCAS‐mediated implant placement for single missing posterior teeth. The device's placement (posterior‐to or anterior‐to the surgical site) did not affect the clinician's ability to achieve the planned implant location.