bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Atap Transparan Terhadap Kinerja Termal Gedung Persipda Kota Salatiga
Authors: Ruliyanto Ruliyanto , Prianto Eddy 
Published: December 2023

Gedung Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Daerah (Persipda) Kota Salatiga memiliki tampilan arsitektural yang unik dan berbeda dengan bangunan sekitarnya, yaitu terdapat model atap transparan pada puncak atapnya. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memasukkan cahaya alami pada siang hari, sehingga dapat menghemat pemakaian energi. Konsep atap transparan tersebut membawa dampak pada ketidaknyamanan termal, sebab disamping memberikan sinar terang, cahaya alami dari sinar matahari juga membawa panas melalui proses radiasi. Kondisi tersebut menciptakan suhu ruang yang panas pada lantai 2. Berdasar dari permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan studi untuk mengevaluasi gedung Persipda sudah memenuhi kenyamanan termal atau belum dilihat dari indikator kinerja termalnya. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan cara melakukan pengukuran langsung indikator kinerja termal (temperatur & kelembaban) pada eksterior dan interior setiap lantai gedung ini. Sehingga kinerja termal pada bangunan ini dapat diketahui secara spesifik melalui indikator kinerja termal dari masing – masing selimut bangunannya.
The Relationship between the World and Language in Bertrand Russell's Philosophy
Authors: Qadir Sabir Aram 
Published: December 2023

In the contemporary philosophy and more specifically in philosophy of language, one of the essential issues of philosophical studies is the relationship between language, the World and knowledge about the world. Bertrand Russell as one of the leaders in logical analysis in contemporary philosophy considers logical foundation as significant pillar for language. He defines language, meaning knowledge in the context of logic and he forms the world in the logical facts. From here, a link between language and reality will be created, and thus there is an intention to break the other traditions.
Bertrand Russell tried to write many books and essays and his literary heritage has become an important asset in philosophical discourses. This study aims under the Russell’s arguments to analyze the relationship between language and the world. It attempts from a different perspective to reach a different form of existence and world. This purpose helps in language activities in manifesting correct knowledge about the world that it has facts, events, state of affairs, reality and logic.
Russell's attempts to connect between language and reality in the world produced many valuable arguments and thesis. This is on the foundation of logical analysis changes language to propositions and changes the world to facts instead of things. In addition, arranges all theories about meaning, descriptions, proper names and knowledge through the atomic propositions. Furthermore, he based his understanding to the external world, existing of things and the relations between them on logical language.
The effectiveness of a counseling program in reducing emotional deprivation in children
Authors: Ismail Othman Sara , Yasin Ibrahim Omer 
Published: December 2023

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program in reducing feelings of emotional deprivation among children. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used a quasi-experimental approach, and the study sample consisted of (24) children who were randomly distributed to the experimental group (12) and the control group (12). The researcher prepared a measure of emotional deprivation consisting of three dimensions (psychological, social or relationship status, cognitive). The method of apparent honesty, and the stability was measured using three methods, the first (retest) with a value of (0.88) for the emotional deprivation scale, the second (Alfa Cronbach) and the value of stability was (0.86) by the Alpha Cronbach method, and third, the researcher extracted a proven value in a way (splitting midterm) and its value was (0.82 The researcher reached the following results:.
1- There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test of emotional deprivation.
2- There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the pre and post tests in the emotional deprivation scale according to the age group variable.
3 - concluded that the counseling program had an effect in reducing emotional deprivation among children in favor of the experimental group, so the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions.
Being in Plato’s idea
Authors: Hamza Aziz Zryan , Hamarashid Said Sarkar , Abubaker Hamad Kaifi 
Published: December 2023

Human beings own an intelligent and conscious existence. This distinguishes human beings from other creatures. Human beings are characterized by thinking and asking questions about existence in general, their own existence and the universe. No other creatures possess such an intelligence. We ask why am I here and what is the source and nature of my existence? How did this world come into existence? and many other questions, which have become a problem and occupied the human mind. Before and after the rise of philosophy, the question of existence has been an important issue and an essential problem of all time. Consequently, man has been searching for the truth and answers to his questions.
Man's consciousness is imperfect, which has become the source of his desires for self-completion and perfection. This imperfection is an incentive for continuous efforts to comprehend the meaning of existence. Throughout the ages, philosophers have sought the nature of the question of existence according to the times in which they lived. The answers to this question have varied, each interpreting it in a different way. Plato interpreted the question of existence under the influence of a number of schools and philosophers. The absolute existence of the Elites became the basis of the idealistic theory of eternal change, in which Heraclitus' philosophy became an important characteristic of the perceived world and material appearances, and benefited from Pythagorean numeracy.
Plato's theory of existence is similar to his theory of knowledge, in a way that rises from the senses to the mind, and divides existence into two parts on this basis: The presence of objects and the presence of consciousness. Plato presents his theory of the origin and creation of the universe, which can be called "Plato's geometric nuclear or mathematical theory" about the nature of existence and the distinction between apparent existence and exemplary existence. In Plato's view of absolute existence, the "idea" and the general existence is the existence from which all things in the world originate.
Erasing discourse identities of narrative hegemony Reading in the novel (The Virgin of Sinjar) by Ward Badr Al-Salem
Authors: Jalil Ibrahim Mohammed Saman 
Published: December 2023

This research is an attempt to study identity in the novel “The Virgin of Sinjar” by Ward Badr Al-Salem in the light of a group of rhetorical dominions that practiced erasing all its details and composition towards the Yezidi Kurds, especially that the space of the novel has considered the human component as the axis of the geology of the narrative text, and for this the novel came to bear these dominations through a series of narrative sequences that employed the discourse within the circle of erasure.
The nature of the research required an introduction in which he explained why we chose this novel to be the sample of the research, and paved for him with a preamble in which I talked about identity representation, followed by two sections, the first section was called “Erasing the Yazidi Identity,” while the second section was marked “Erasing the Kurdish Identity.” Both sections included several manifestations, including a conclusion, and a list of sources and references for the research.
This study is based on textual critical reading by tracing the applied procedures of cultural criticism revealing the manifestation of identity representations behind rhetorical dominions in the textual structures of the novel.
The Extent of Consideration to the Cultural and Environmental Principles by the Digital Televisions in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Mahmood Rasool Hawre , Nasreddi Sulaimani, n Muhammad Salam 
Published: December 2023

Digital media is significant in diverse fields of human life, cultural structure in general and environmental culture in particular. It has a special theme in society. This is related to the effects of digital media on the individuals and society in all different areas of human life either negatively or positively. Therefore, taking any field into consideration more than others, it would mean structuring and developing this field by the society.
This paper focuses on the degree of concerning the cultural and environmental principles by the digital televisions in the Kurdistan Region. It aims to determine to what extent have the digital televisions concerned about the principles of cognitive, social and structural principles of environmental culture. For each of these principles, it determines the issues that are dependent on each of these principles and defines the extent of their coverage by the digital televisions of the Kurdistan Region. In order to explain how different environmental contents are in the media products and what environmental issues each of these contents concerned.
The methodology of the current paper is the analytical method to the media products of four digital televisions during a season in three months. The environmental products of the targeted televisions were divided into three groups and several dependent units were analysed for each group.
The research reached several results, the most important among them were the level of caring about the environmental importance was in a good level in terms of evaluating the quality and quantity of their media products during the targeted time of the research. And many environmental products were published within the time of researching. Although the broadcast of the aforementioned environmental products was not only for the purpose of environmental relevance and the channels broadcasted these environmental products for other purposes. However, these products became the recipient's influence on the environmental cultural structure, as well as the researcher's analysis tools.
The Cancellation of Documentary Credit in Iraqi Trade Law Compared to the Standards of the International Chamber of Commerce (UCP 600)
Authors: Akrem Ali Taha , Othman Ali Younis 
Published: December 2023

This research is about (the cancellation of documentary Credit in Iraqi Trade law compared to the standards of the International Chamber of Commerce (UCP 600)). It is an analytical and comparative study, it is a scientific attempt that sheds light on how to cancel the documentary credit and its impact and effects in accordance with international standards in the International Chamber of Commerce (UCP 600), and compares it with the Iraqi Trade Law to identify deficiencies in Iraqi law. In order to be able in the near future to complete the legal deficiencies in Iraqi law and to comply with international standards.
Documentary credit is an important method in the field of international trade that makes commercial movement fast between countries and eliminates fear and anxiety among merchants and those doing business because fear and anxiety ultimately slow down commercial activity. Undoubtedly, the law must take its course to regulate these activities in the best manner.
Also, in the end, this research presents a set of results and suggestions, such as the solution to readers and researchers, which must be taken into account upon amending the Iraqi Trade law in the future.
Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Tegakan Kelicung (Diospyros macrophylla Blume) di KHDTK Rarung, Lombok Tengah
Authors: Utami Desty Sasana Putri , Mansur Irdika , Hilwan Iwan , Haryantini Baiq Azizah 
Published: December 2023

Kelicung tree (Diospyros macrophylla) is a native tree species of West Nusa Tenggara. It is a slow-growing tree with very good wood ornament, strength, and durability properties. Symbiotic mutualism between kelicung and mycorrhiza has not been documented. Mycrorrhiza is a mutualism symbiosis between fungi and plant roots that could improve plant growth due to increase nutrient and water absorbtion. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate mycorrhizal symbiosis in kelicung roots. Soil and root samples were taken in the Rarung Special Purpose Forest Area at 0 – 20 cm depth. Isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi used screening and centrifugation methods to identify spore density, diversity, abundance, and frequency. Furthermore, root staining and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were carried out by observing the structure of vesicles, arbuscules, hyphae, and spores on Kelicung roots. The research results showed that the average number of spores found was 846 spores/50 g of soil. Spores were identified in two genera: Glomus sp and Acaulospora sp. Glomus spores found were round, the colour of the spores was yellow, the spores did not react when Melzer's solution was dropped, and the spore walls of the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus consisted of 1-2 layers of cell walls. Observation of root colonization, no structures of root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were found in Kelicung.
Keywords: Acaulospora sp., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Diospyros macrophylla, Glomus sp., Kelicung
Species of Fungi Involved in the Decomposition of Rhizophora apiculata Leaf Litter on Pulau Sembilan
Authors: Yunasfi Yunasfi , Lestari Sri , Utomo Budi , Dalimunthe Afifudin , Fadhilah Amanatul , Noer Zulheri , Sihite Yunita , Samosir Putri Anatasia , Auri Mahla Rose Alba , Ramadhan Yudha Ilham 
Published: December 2023

Rhizophora apiculata is one of the mangrove species that grows in coastal areas influenced by seawater. Decomposing leaf litter from R. apiculata is an organic material needed by microorganisms and organisms to grow and develop in the environment where they live. Microorganisms involved in accelerating the decomposition process are fungi. This research activity was carried out for six months, from June to December 2022. This research method uses litter bags to store leaf litter, which will be isolated and the rate of decomposition calculated. The results showed that there were 3 genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma sp., and Penicillium sp. The decomposition rate of R. apiculata leaf litter was 0.13/day. The average carbohydrate content was 8,78%, and the average protein content was 5,45%.
Keywords: Decomposition, Fungus, Litter, Rhizophora apiculata
Variasi Suhu dan Lama Pengeringan Terhadap Mutu Masakan Sepat Instan
Authors: Oktaviani Fadila Hidayatun , Nairfana Ihlana 
Published: December 2023

Sepat adalah masakan khas Sumbawa yang terbuat dari ikan segar yang dibakar dan dicampur dengan berbagai macam bumbu dan bahan pelengkap. Oleh karena masakan ini disajikan segar, maka sepat hanya bisa ditemui di Pulau Sumbawa. Agar masakan ini dapat dipasarkan secara lebih luas, sepat potensial diolah menjadi masakan instan. Tujuan pembuatan sepat instan adalah memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat yang ingin mencicipi sepat dan berdomisili di luar Pulau Sumbawa. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama waktu pengeringan menggunakan alat fooddehydrator terhadap mutu organoleptik, kadar air dan total mikroba masakan sepat instan. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan RAL Faktorial dengan dua faktr yaitu Suhu Pengeringan (P) dan Waktu Pengeringan (W) dengan 9 kombinasi waktu dan lama pengeringan. Terdapat 3 kali pengulangan sehingga diperoleh 27 sampel. Data diuji menggunkaan ANOVA dengan taraf 5% dan setiap data yang berbeda diuji lanjut dengan DuncanMultipleRangeTest pada taraf 5%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan waktu pengeringan berpengaruh terhadap mutu organoleptik (aroma, tekstur dan rasa), kadar air dan total mikroba sepat instan. Perlakuan yang terbaik adalah pengeringan dengan suhu 60 ℃ selama 16 jam dengan citarasa asam khas sepat, tekstur yang tidak terlalu kering sehingga citarasa ikan dan bumbu masih terasa, kadar air sebesar 9,37 % dan total mikroba 4,0x104 koloni/g yang masih sesuai dengan SNI masakan instan. kering sehingga citarasa ikan dan bumbu masih terasa, kadar air sebesar 9,37 % dan total mikroba 4,0x104 koloni/g.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Pada Anak: Perspektif Teori Pembelajaran Kognitivistik Jean Piaget
Authors: Rusydi Muhammad , Musgamy Awaliah 
Published: December 2023

Arabic Learning in children is a pedagogical process that directs children in the early days of their growth in perceiving Arabic as a language of communication, both spoken and written. In addressing this process, Jean Piaget has provided a theoretical framework on how an Arabic learning process can take place actively by referring to the activation of cognitive processes that exist in children, which in this case are built on several forms, namely, a) assimilation as a process of changing the Arabic learning environment to fit the existing scheme in children, b) accommodation as a process of changing the existing schema in children to suit the Arabic learning environment, c) equilibrium as a process of achieving children who can handle new information in Arabic learning through the process of assimilation and accomodation, d) disequilibrium as a process where there is an imbalance in children's cognitive processes which in turn becomes a challenge for them in accelerating cognitive development in Arabic learning, e) and organization as a process of unifying various schemes by children into a system of Arabic learning that is coherent with each other. Jean Piaget's cognitivistic learning theory can be one of the theoretical basics and practical frameworks for educators in Arabic learning in children who have their own characteristics compared to adolescents or adults, especially in their respective cognitive structures.
Fractographic research of destruction of 34CrNi1Mo steel gear shaft
Authors: Nosko Olha , Pohrebna Nataliia , Hrebenieva Аnnа , Aiupova Tetyana , Aiupov Oleksandr 
Published: December 2023

Goal. The purpose of this research work is to establish the causes and mechanisms of destruction of gear shaft made of 34CrNi1Mo steel, to provide recommendations to prevent this type of product damage. Methodology. The gear shaft made of 34CrNi1Mo steel destroyed during operation was studied. The fracture surface of the investigated steel was studied by macroanalysis and scanning electron microscopy using a SEM-100У microscope at a magnification of 1500-10000 times. Microstructural analysis of 34CrNi1Mo steel was carried out on Neophot-21 optical microscope at x250, 300; 800 magnification. Microhardness was measured according to the standard method on a PMT-3M microhardness tester at a 50 g loading. Results. The causes and nature of the operational destruction of the gear shaft made of steel grade 34CrNi1Mo were analyzed. The fatigue nature of fracture was determined. The unsatisfactory quality of the surface of the experimental product was established: shells, pores, scratches, chips were found on the surface. The destruction began in the place of the geometric stress concentrator (surface defect – shell) due to metal chipping. Originality. The features of the destruction of the gear shaft were determined: at the break, there is a significant distance between the fatigue grooves, which indicates a high crack propagation rate, the fatigue grooves are weakly expressed, irregular, which indicates the limited possibilities of steel to plastic deformation. The fractographic surface of the fracture is shiny and consists of cleavage facets, covered with coarse scars, fan-shaped diverge from the focus, has a coarse-grained structure, typical for brittle fracture. The brittle nature of the fracture was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The surface microrelief contains cleavage facets, microcracks, and intergranular spall cells. Non-metallic inclusions of MnS, which are additional structural stress concentrators, have been revealed. Microcracks originate near non-metallic inclusions; at the boundaries of former austenite grains, especially at their triple junctions; at the interface between matrix and secondary phases. An increase in microhardness from 2500 to 4750HV after heating to 840–860°C with subsequent cooling in air was established, which can be explained with the probable hardening of the experimental steel, which, along with an increase in hardness, leads to a decrease in steel ductility. Practical value. It is recommended to use steel with a low sulfur content, additional gear shaft surface treatment to prevent the formation of stress concentrators in places of surface discontinuities; compliance with the nominal temperature regime also prevents spontaneous hardening of the product material.
Synthesis of Control Systems for Dynamic Pro-cesses in a Boiler Using a Neural Network of Direct Propagation
Authors: Razzhyvin Oleksii , Berezshna Olena , Sahatskiy Serhii , Murat Viktor 
Published: December 2023

The article solves an urgent scientific and technical problem of reducing the cost of fuel for combustion in steam boilers by automating the process of adjusting the gas-air ratio, which will significantly reduce the cost of certified fuel and rationally use emissions from industrial installations, such as industrial furnaces, oil refineries, etc. The development of an air flow regulator for natural and blast-furnace gas burners will save valuable natural resources and expand the range of use of emissions as secondary raw materials. Goal. Development on the basis of a neural network of direct distribution of a control system for the supply of natural and blast-furnace gas to the burners of boilers operating on one steam line. Methodology. The synthesis of a neuro-regulator for air supply during the combustion of non-certified gases in a boiler for the generation of thermal energy or electricity was carried out by means of Simulink in the MATLAB system. In order to implement the regulation of the combustion air supply, a neuro-regulator with foresight was used, the operation of which is based on the principle of a receding horizon, according to which the neural network model of the controlled process foresees the reaction of the control object at a certain time interval in the future. The procedure for the synthesis of a neuro-regulator for the supply of air for combustion is given. The values of the parameters that provide the specified indicators of the quality of the dynamic process control system functioning are established. The model is trained offline using the available empirical information regarding the process of gas combustion in the boiler, obtained on the basis of production experience. The settings of the resulting neural network are carried out according to the test data of a real object. Results. The universal possibilities of approximation of multilayer artificial neural networks of direct propagation made it possible to solve the problem of identifying, designing and modeling nonlinear control systems. The implementation of the developed neuro-regulator with the anticipation of the combustion air supply allows the control system to adapt to changes between theoretical and actual indicators and take into account and compensate for the variable parameters of the air supply to the burners. Conclusions. A feed-forward neural network has been successfully implemented in the synthesis of control systems for dynamic processes of regulating the air flow to natural and blast-furnace gas burners.