bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarray analysis of gene expression after electrical stimulation of the dura mater surrounding the superior sagittal sinus in conscious adult rats
Authors: Jiang Lei , Dong Zhao , Li Fengpeng , Liu Ruozhuo , Qiu Enchao , Wang Xiaolin , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: January 2024

Background
The molecular and cellular origins of migraine headache are among the most complex problems in contemporary neurology. Up to now the pathogenesis of migraine still remains unclearly defined. The objective of this study was to explore new factors that may be related to the mechanism of migraine.

Methods
The present study performed a comprehensive analysis of gene expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis induced by electrical stimulation of dura mater surrounding the superior sagittal sinus in conscious rats using microarray analysis followed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verification. Student’s two sample t-test was employed when two groups were compared. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
Comparing the placebo and the electrical stimulation groups, 40 genes were determined to be significantly differentially expressed. These significantly differentially expressed genes were involved in many pathways, including transporter activity, tryptophan metabolism, G protein signaling, kinase activity, actin binding, signal transducer activity, anion transport, protein folding, enzyme inhibitor activity, coenzyme metabolism, binding, ion transport, cell adhesion, metal ion transport, oxidoreductase activity, mitochondrion function, and others. Most of the genes were involved in more than 2 pathways. Of particular interest is the up-regulation of Phactr3 and Akap5 and the down-regulation of Kdr.

Conclusion
These findings may provide important clues for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of migraine.
Combined incisional ropivacaine infiltration and pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre for postoperative pain relief after diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy
Authors: Liu Huili , Ma Caihong , Zhang Xiaoqing , Yu Chen , Yang Yan , Song Xueling , Tang Yi , Guo Xiangyang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Preoperative incisional local anaesthesia with ropivacaine is a common method of providing post-laparoscopy pain relief. The pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre also provides pain relief, but the combined effect of these two methods on pain following laparoscopic procedures has not been reported. We investigated the efficacy of combining local anaesthetic infiltration of ropivacaine with pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre on postoperative pain following diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.

Methods
This prospective, randomized, controlled study involved 60 patients divided into two groups (n=30, each). Group 1 received 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine injected peri-incisionally preoperatively, with intra-abdominal carbon dioxide removed by passive deflation. Group 2 received 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine injected peri-incisionally with five manual inflations of the lungs with a positive-pressure ventilation of 40 cmH2O at the end of surgery. The last inflation was held for 5 seconds. The intensity of postoperative incisional and shoulder pain was evaluated using a numerical rating scale at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively by an independent blinded anaesthesiologist. Tramadol was given postoperatively for analgesia.

Results
Compared with group 1, incisional ropivacaine infiltration combined with pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre significantly reduced dynamic pain at 0 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively (4.1 ± 2.2 vs. 2.1 ± 1.9, P=0.002; 2.7 ± 2.7 vs. 1.2 ± 1.3, P=0.035; and 3.5 ± 2.1 vs. 2.1 ± 1.8, P=0.03, respectively). Static incisional pain was significantly relieved at 0 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours postoperatively (3.1 ± 1.7 vs. 1.6 ± 1.3, P=0.001; 1.4 ± 1.3 vs. 0.5 ± 0.8, P=0.012; and 2.3 ± 1.9 vs. 1.0 ± 1.5, P=0.038, respectively). Group 2 had more patients without shoulder pain (P<0.05) and fewer requiring tramadol (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Ropivacaine with pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre provided simple and effective pain relief after diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.
Famitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a single center study
Authors: ZHANG Wen , ZHOU Ai-Ping , QIN Qiong , CHANG Chun-Xiao , JIANG Hao-Yuan , MA Jian-Hui , WANG Jin-Wan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Famitinib is a novel and potent multitargeting receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The phase I clinical study showed that famitinib was well tolerated and had a broad anti-tumor spectrum. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of famitinib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Methods
The data of famitinib in treating patients with mRCC from the single-center phases I and II clinical trials were analyzed. Famitinib was administered orally at the dose of 13-30 mg once daily until tumor progression, occurrence of intolerable adverse reactions or withdrawal of the informed consent.

Results
A total of 24 patients with mRCC were treated including 17 patients at a dose of 25 mg once daily, 4 patients at a dose of 27 mg and 1 patient each at a dose of 13 mg, 20 mg and 30 mg, respectively. Twelve (50.0%) patients achieved partial response (PR) and 9 patients achieved stable disease (SD). Progressive disease was found in 3 (12.5%) patients. The disease control rate was 87.5%. The median follow-up time was 17.6 months; the median progression free survival (PFS) was 10.7 (95% CI 7.0-14.4) months; and the estimated median overall survival (OS) time was 33.0 (95% CI 8.7-57.3) months. The adverse drug reactions mainly included hypertension (54.1%), hand-foot skin reactions (45.8%), diarrhea (33.3%), mucositis (29.2%), neutropenia (45.8%), thrombocytopenia (29.2%), hyperlipidemia (41.7%) and proteinuria (41.7%). The incidence rate of grades 3 and 4 adverse events was low, mainly including hypertension 12.5%, hand-foot skin reactions 4.2%, neutropenia 4.2%, thrombocytopenia 4.2%, hyperlipidemia 4.2% and proteinuria 12.5%.

Conclusions
Famitinib has significant anti-tumor activity in mRCC. The common adverse reactions are generally manageable.
Plasma levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 correlate with diagnosis and prognosis of glioma patients
Authors: LIN Yi , WANG Jiang-Fei , GAO Guang-Zu , ZHANG Guo-Zhen , WANG Fei-Long , WANG Yun-Jie 
Published: January 2024

Background
There is no validated blood biomarker available for glioma management. Invasive growth is the key feature of glioma. We assessed the clinical usefulness of plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), which has less molecular weight than metalloproteinases, as a potential blood biomarker for glioma.

Methods
A total of 285 patients and 59 normal subjects were studied. Plasma concentration of TIMP-1 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma TIMP-1 was compared between normal and glioma patients, between patients with different pathological grades, and between patients with different prognoses. Longitudinal changes in plasma TIMP-1 during treatment were also evaluated. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 level was also assayed and its clinical usefulness was compared with that of TIMP-1.

Results
Plasma TIMP-1 and MMP-9 were both increased in glioma patients compared with normal controls (TIMP-1: P <0.001; MMP-9: P=0.007). Plasma TIMP-1 increases with increased tumor grade. In Grade IV gliomas, plasma TIMP-1 significantly increased after “successful removal” of the tumor (paired samples t-test, before operation vs. during chemotherapy without recurrence, t = -2.131, P=0.038), but did not change significantly at the time of tumor recurrence (during chemotherapy without recurrence vs. after tumor recurrence, t = -0.652, P=0.632). High plasma TIMP-1 level correlated with better survival in Grade IV glioma patients (hazard ratio: 0.550, 95% CI: 0.101-1.000, P=0.036). In Grade IV gliomas, patients with higher plasma TIMP-1 had significantly longer survival time than those with lower plasma TIMP-1 level (25.23 vs. 18.95 months, log-rank P=0.045). Plasma MMP-9 did not show significant association with either the pathological grade or the prognosis of glioma patients.

Conclusions
Plasma TIMP-1 is associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma patients. It appears to have better usefulness for guiding clinical decision making than plasma MMP-9. Further studies in an expanded patient population are needed to better define its clinical usefulness.
Ertapenem versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of complicated infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bai Nan , Sun Chunguang , Wang Jin , Cai Yun , Liang Beibei , Zhang Lei , Liu Youning , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2024

Background
Ertapenem has been demonstrated to be highly effective for the treatment of complicated infections. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ertapenem with ceftriaxone.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of ertapenem with ceftriaxone for the treatment of complicated infections including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs), and complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs). Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0.

Results
Eight RCTs, involving 2 883 patients, were included in our meta-analysis. Ertapenem was associated with similar clinical treatment success with ceftriaxone for complicated infections (1 326 patients, fixed-effect model, OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.75–1.71). There was no difference between the compared treatment groups with regard to the microbiological treatment success, and no difference was found with regard to the incidence of clinical and laboratory drug-related adverse events between ertapenem and ceftriaxone groups. As to local tolerability, overall, there was no difference between the compared groups; however, in the subgroup analysis, local reaction was significantly less in the ertapenem subgroup than the ceftriaxone plus ceftriaxone subgroup.

Conclusions
Ertapenem can be used as effectively and safely as ceftriaxone for the treatment of complicated infections. It is an appealing option for the treatment of these complicated infections.
Clinical characteristics of patients with congenital long QT syndrome and bigenic mutations
Authors: Jimmy Juang Jyh-Ming , Ching-Yu Chen , Huei-Ming Yeh , Wei-Yih Chiu , Chih-Chieh Yu , Yen-Bin Liu , Chia-Ti Tsai , Li-Wei Lo , Sherri Yeh Shih-Fan , Ling-Ping Lai 
Published: January 2024

Background
Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an ion channelopathy associated with genetic mutations. It is well known that most LQTS patients (91%) have a single mutation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of congenital LQTS patients with bigenic mutations in Taiwan, China.

Methods
Congenital LQTS patients were recruited consecutively at Taiwan University Hospital in Taiwan from 2003 to 2009. The diagnosis of LQTS was defined by an LQTS Schwartz score greater than 4. Mutation screening in KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, and SCN5A was performed using direct sequencing.

Results
Three of 16 LQTS patients (18.7%) were identified with bigenic mutations. One patient had missense mutations in KCNQ1 and KCNH2, the second in KCNQ1 and KCNE1, and the third in KCNH2 and SCN5A. The mean age at onset of LQTS for patients with bigenic mutations was (17±3) years, and all of these patients were female. Two of them experienced seizure and one presented with syncope, although one of them had a family history of syncope. The mean QTc interval was (515±17) ms, similar to those with single mutation or SNPs ((536±74) ms, P=0.63). Compared to those LQTS patients with single mutation or SNPs, a significantly higher percentage of LQTS patients with bigenic mutations presented with seizure and were younger at onset of the first index event (P=0.03 and 0.001, respectively), but lower percentage of them presented with sudden cardiac death (P=0.03).

Conclusions
Although the percentage of bigenic mutations in LQTS is less than 10% in Caucasian populations, we identified 3 of 16 LQTS patients (18.7%, 95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.46) with bigenic mutations in Taiwan. However, the severity of their clinical presentations was not higher than those patients with single mutation or SNPs.
Correlation between blood glucose fluctuations and activation of oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic children during the acute metabolic disturbance period
Authors: WU Di , GONG Chun-xiu , MENG Xi , YANG Qiu-lan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Studies have shown that complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children are mainly due to oxidative stress (OS). Lipid peroxidation is the main marker of OS and iso-prostaglandin is a reliable biomarker of lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there have been few studies on OS in T1DM children with hyperglycemia and glucose fluctuations.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 23 newly diagnosed T1DM patients and 23 age and sex matched healthy controls in Beijing Children's Hospital from May 2010 to January 2011. They were treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin injection (CSII) and monitored by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected to measure the concentration of 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α). Samples taken from diabetic children were collected at days 8 to 10 after insulin treatment. Intraday glucose fluctuations were assessed by mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) and number of glycemic excursions (NGE). The correlations between glucose parameters and the index of oxidative stress were analyzed.

Results
Urine 8-isoPGF2α in the T1DM group was higher than that in the control group ((967.70±412.68) ng vs. (675.23±354.59) ng, P=0.019). There was a correlation between urine 8-isoPGF2α level and MAGE (r=0.321, P=0.039), a significant correlation between low-density lipoprotein and urine 8-isoPGF2α level (r=0.419, P=0.03). There was no significant correlation between urine 8-isoPGF2α level and blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting C-peptide or other lipid indices.

Conclusion
A correlation between urine 8-isoPGF2α levels and MAGE and low-density lipoprotein was found in children newly diagnosed with T1DM.
Gene expression profiles and phosphorylation patterns of AMP-activated protein kinase subunits in various mesenchymal cell types
Authors: Yugang Wang , Qiming Fan , Rui Ma , Wentao Lin , Tingting Tang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Recent studies on bone have shown an endocrine role of the skeleton, which could be impaired in various human diseases, including osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes-associated bone diseases. As a sensor and regulator of energy metabolism, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may also play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism. The current study aimed to establish the expression profiles and phosphorylation patterns of AMPK subunits in several mesenchymal cell types.

Methods
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for relative quantification, real-time PCR for absolute quantification, and Western blotting were used to investigate the gene expression profiles and phosphorylation patterns of AMPK subunits in several mesenchymal cell types, including primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hFOB, Saos-2, C3H/10T1/2, MC3T3-E1, 3T3-L1, and C2C12 cells.

Results
AMPKα1 and AMPKβ1 mRNAs were abundantly expressed in all cell types. AMPKγ1 mRNA was abundantly expressed in C3H/10T1/2, MC3T3-E1, 3T3-L1, and C2C12 but not detected in human-derived cell types. AMPKγ2 mRNA was mildly expressed in all cell types. AMPKα1 protein was highly expressed in all cell types and AMPKα2 protein was highly expressed only in hFOB and Saos-2 cells. AMPKβ1 protein was abundantly expressed in all cell types except for Saos-2, in which AMPKβ2 protein overwhelmed AMPKβ1 expression. AMPKγ1 and AMPKγ2 proteins were expressed in C3H/10T1/2, MC3T3-E1, 3T3-L1, and C2C12 cells and only AMPKγ2 protein was expressed in hMSCs, hFOB and Saos-2 cells. AMPKα was phosphorylated at Thr172 and Ser485 and AMPKβ1 was phosphorylated at Ser108 and Ser182 in all cell types with a specific pattern in each cell type.

Conclusion
The combination of AMPK α β, and γ subunits and phosphorylation of AMPKα (Thr172 and Ser485) and AMPKβ1 (Ser108 and Ser182) showed a specific pattern in each cell type.
ImmunoCyt™ and cytology for diagnosis of bladder carcinoma: a meta analysis
Authors: Yang Minggen , Zheng Zhouda , Zhuang Zhiming , Zhao Xiaokun , Xu Zhenqiang , Lin Haili 
Published: January 2024

Background
Currently, cystoscopy and urine cytology are standard modalities in therapy monitoring and follow-up of bladder carcinoma (BC). Cystoscopy is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure while cytology has a limited value because it is operator-dependent and has low sensitivity. This study was to assess the accuracy of ImmunoCyt in detecting BC by comparing it with cytology using systemic analyses of studies published in both English and Chinese.

Methods
Cochrane systematic evaluation was used to search through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CMCC, and CNKI for studies regarding ImmunoCyt and cytology for detection of BC. Data were extracted and analyzed by the software MetaDiSc 1.4.

Results
In total 42 relevant studies were searched, of which 15 were enrolled and 12 491 patients were included. Heterogeneity, except for threshold effects, was found within these studies. A meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Pooled accuracy indicators like sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of ImmunoCyt™ and cytology were 0.75 (0.73-0.77) vs. 0.45 (0.43-0.48), 0.73 (0.72-0.74) vs. 0.97 (0.96-0.97), and 10.97 (7.53-15.99) vs. 16.40 (10.57-25.46), respectively. The sensitivity of both was increased with the increase of tumor grade and stage. The area under summary receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.834 4 and 0.853 4 and the Q index 0.766 7 and 0.785 3 for ImmunoCyt and cytology, respectively. Combination of both can obviously improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

Conclusions
ImmunoCyt has a high sensitivity in detecting BC, but its specificity is low. As an important adjunct, ImmunoCyt™ can not replace cytology, but combined with cytology it could improve sensitivity with high specificity in the detection and postoperative monitoring of BC.
Mitochondrial apoptosis of lymphocyte is induced in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xu Hui , Chen Yanbo , Li Yanxiang , Xia Fangzhen , Han Bing , Zhang Huixin , Zhai Hualing , Wu Hui , Li Ying , Lu Yingli 
Published: January 2024

Background
Lymphocyte function and homeostasis is associated with immune defence to infection. Apoptosis of lymphocytes might be a considerably important component which has an impact on immunity to infections in people with hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to explore the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of lymphocyte in diabetic patients.

Methods
Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and fifty healthy volunteers were included in this study. Annexin V and propidiumiodide (PI) were joined in the isolated lymphocytes and the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis was calculated with flow cytometry. Observation of the lymphocytes was done using transmission electron microscopy; mitochondria had been extracted and then mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected to assess mitochondrial function; the mRNA level of Bcl-2, cytochrome c (Cyt-C), caspase-9 and caspase-3 were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results
Apoptosis rate of lymphocyte was significantly higher in diabetic group than that in normal control group (P <0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed lymphocyte shrinkage and breakage, chromatin condensation and less mitochondria; a fall in MMP levels was also evident; Bcl-2 concentration was reduced and the expressions of caspase-9, caspase-3 and Cyt-C were elevated (P <0.05) in diabetic patients.

Conclusions
The rate of lymphocyte apoptosis was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than that in normal population. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway may play a very important role in decreasing function of lymphocyte in diabetes.
An in vivo model of in situ implantation using pulmonary valved conduit in large animals under off-pump condition
Authors: WU Hao , XU Zhi-wei , LIU Xian-min , GONG Da , WAN Ju-yi , XU Xiu-fang , ZHOU Zi-fan , LI Wen-bin 
Published: January 2024

Background
The application of pulmonary valved conduit to reconstruct the continuity between right ventricles and pulmonary artery is one of the major surgeries. This study aimed to establish an in vivo model of in situ implantation using pulmonary valved conduit in large animals under off-pump condition to validate the long-term effects of artificial pulmonary valved conduit.

Methods
Domesticate juvenile male sheep and tissue-engineered porcine pulmonary valved conduit were used for the experiment: 30 sheep, weighing (15±3) kg (range 13 to 17 kg) were randomly divided into two groups which were all operated under general anesthesia by off-pump surgery (group 1) and left thoracotomy (group 2). Two different off-pump surgical methods were used to perform cannulation in sheep pulmonary artery to replace part of sheep pulmonary artery with pulmonary valved conduit which will work together with sheep pulmonary artery and valves. During the experiments, animal survival, complication rates, operating time and blood loss were recorded to compare the results between groups and to establish a surgical method with minimal invasion, simplicity, safety, and high success rates.

Results
In group 1, a total of 15 cases of surgeries were performed, in which two sheep died; the operative mortality was 13.3% (2/15). In group 2, a total of 15 cases of surgeries were performed, and the surgical mortality rate was 0 (0/15). The operation time and blood loss in group 2 was significantly better than that in group 1. The postoperative echocardiograms showed that, after the surgeries by these two methods, the blood flows were normal, and the valves can open and close freely. Autopsy after 6 months showed that the inner wall and the valves of pulmonary valved conduit were smooth with no thrombus formation.

Conclusion
These two off-pump methods are feasible and safe with fewer traumas; but the second method is better and particularly suitable for the establishment of a juvenile animal model.