bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Autogenic Training on Drug Consumption in Patients With Primary Headache: An 8‐Month Follow‐up Study
Authors: Zsombok Terezia , Juhasz Gabriella , Budavari Agota , Vitrai Jozsef , Bagdy Gyorgy 
Published: December 2004

Objective.—To examine the effects of Schultz‐type autogenic training on headache‐related drug consumption and headache frequency in patients with migraine, tension‐type, or mixed (migraine plus tension‐type) headache over an 8‐month period.Background.—Behavioral treatments often are used alone or adjunctively for different types of headache. There are, however, only a few studies that have compared the efficacy and durability of the same treatment in different types of primary headache, and the effects of treatment on headache‐related drug consumption rarely have been assessed even in these studies.Methods.—Twenty‐five women with primary headache (11 with mixed headache, 8 with migraine, and 6 with tension‐type headache) were evaluated via an open‐label, self‐controlled, 8‐month, follow‐up study design. After an initial 4 months of observation, patients began learning Schultz‐type autogenic training as modified for patients with headache. They practiced autogenic training on a regular basis for 4 months. Based on data from headache diaries and daily medication records, headache frequencies and the amounts of analgesics, “migraine‐specific” drugs (ergots and triptans), and anxiolytics taken by the patients were compared in the three subgroups over the 8‐month period.Results.—From the first month of implementation of autogenic training, headache frequencies were significantly reduced in patients with tension‐type and mixed headache. Significant reduction in frequency was achieved in patients with migraine only from the third month of autogenic training. Decreases in headache frequencies were accompanied by decreases in consumption of migraine drugs and analgesics resulting in significant correlations among these parameters. Reduction in consumption of anxiolytic drugs was more rapid and robust in patients with tension‐type headache compared to patients with migraine, and this outcome failed to show any correlation with change in headache frequency.Conclusion.—Schultz‐type autogenic training is an effective therapeutic approach that may lead to a reduction in both headache frequency and the use of headache medication.
Postcraniotomy Headache
Authors: Gee Joey R. , Ishaq Y. , Vijayan Nazhiyath 
Published: December 2004

Background.—Persistent headache following craniotomy has been reported in the past, but the clinical features of this condition have not been well described.Objective.—This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of postcraniotomy headache.Methods.—The medical records of 107 patients who had undergone surgery for brain tumor or intractable epilepsy were reviewed. The clinical features of preoperative and postoperative headache and any headache therapy initiated were obtained from the medical records. The surgical site and the underlying pathology were documented. The subsequent course of the headache also was recorded.Results.—We evaluated 102 patients who underwent surgery: 76 for an underlying brain tumor, 21 for intractable epilepsy, and 5 for intracranial hemorrhage. Five patients were disqualified because of inadequate documentation. Fifty‐eight patients did not complain of headache preoperatively. Eleven patients who did not have preoperative headache experienced headache postoperatively. Eight had undergone surgery for intractable epilepsy and 3 for brain tumor. Eighty‐two percent of these patients experienced gradual resolution of their headaches over time, and most did not require major medical intervention for controlling their headache. No cases of debilitating headaches were identified. The majority of the headaches were located over the surgical site.Conclusions.—The pathogenesis of postoperative headache remains unclear. The clinical characteristics of the headache following craniotomy suggest a combination of tension‐type and “site‐of‐injury headache” overlying the surgical site. These headaches are similar to the headaches described following head trauma.
Visual cortex excitability in migraine before and after valproate prophylaxis: a pilot study using TMS.
Authors: Mulleners WM , Chronicle EP , Vredeveld JW , Koehler PJ 
Published: December 2004

Eur J Neurol. 2002 Jan;9(1):35‐40We examined the effect of standard migraine prophylaxis with sodium valproate on repeated measures of occipital excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We predicted that, comparing pre‐ and post‐treatment assessments, a reduction in clinical migraine parameters would be paralleled by a decrease in excitability measurements.A total of 31 migraine patients enrolled in the study, for assessment prior to and 1 month after commencement of sodium valproate prophylaxis. At each assessment, we used a standardized protocol to stimulate the occipital cortex with a 90‐mm circular (coil A) and 70 mm figure‐of‐eight (coil B) coil. We recorded the threshold stimulation intensity at which subjects just perceived phosphenes. Subjects kept detailed records of headache parameters 1 month before and also during the study period.Valproate therapy significantly improved headache indexes, as expected. In MA subjects assessed with coil B, phosphene thresholds were significantly higher post‐treatment than pre‐treatment, but those for MO did not change. Modest correlations were observed in MA patients between increase in phosphene threshold and decrease in headache index. Although preliminary, the findings with coil B lend some support to the notion that effective migraine prophylaxis may be achieved through lowering cortical excitability by gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic intervention. Further investigation of the effect of sodium valproate or other similarly acting substances on cortical excitability in migraine is warranted.Comment: This paper provides a useful noninvasive human model in which to study the potential development of prophylactic treatments for migraine with aura. It will be important to standardize experimental conditions and to establish a rigorous experimental protocol for simulation parameters. However, this promises to be an important technique for use in future drug development. DSM
Practical approaches to migraine management.
Authors: Diamond S , Wenzel R 
Published: December 2004

CNS Drugs. 2002;16(6):385‐403Migraine is a recurrent clinical syndrome characterised by combinations of neurological, gastrointestinal and autonomic manifestations. The exact pathophysiological disturbances that occur with migraine have yet to be elucidated; however, cervico‐trigemino‐vascular dysfunctions appear to be the primary cause. Despite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine and new effective treatment options, migraine remains an under‐diagnosed, under‐treated and poorly treated health condition. Most patients will unsuccessfully attempt to treat their headaches with over‐the‐counter medications. Few well designed, placebo‐controlled studies are available to guide physicians in medication selection. Recently published evidence‐based guidelines advocate migraine‐specific drugs, such as serotonin 5‐HT(1B/1D) agonists (the Ätriptans') and dihydroergotamine mesylate, for patients experiencing moderate to severe migraine attacks. Additional headache attack therapy options include other ergotamine derivatives, phenothiazines, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents and opioids. Preventative medication therapy is indicated for patients experiencing frequent and/or refractory attacks.Comment: A nicely written, practical review article which I recommend for medical students, residents, and primary care physicians. SJT
Cluster headache: aetiology, diagnosis and management.
Authors: Ekbom K , Hardebo JE 
Published: December 2004

Drugs. 2002;62(1):61‐69Cluster headache is characterised by repeated attacks of strictly unilateral pain in the orbital region associated with local autonomic symptoms or signs. The attacks are brief but of a very severe, almost excruciating intensity. For unknown reasons males are affected more often than females. Recent studies suggest that an autosomal dominant gene has a role in some families with cluster headache. Hormonal studies indicate a dysfunction in the central nervous system. Neuroimaging has revealed primary defects in the hypothalamic grey matter. Local homolateral dilatation in the intracranial segment of the internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries during attacks is the result of a generic neurovascular activation, probably mediated by trigeminal parasympathetic reflexes. Sumatriptan 6mg subcutaneously is the drug of choice in the treatment of acute attacks. Inhalation of 100% oxygen can also be recommended. In the prophylactic treatment, verapamil is the first option. Other drugs that can be considered are corticosteroids, which may induce a remission of frequent, severe attacks, and lithium. Oral ergotamine tartrate may be sufficient for patients with night attacks and/or short, rather mild to moderately severe cluster headache periods. Third line drugs are serotonin inhibitors (methysergide and pizotifen) and valproic acid. Patients should be encouraged to keep headache diaries and be carefully instructed about the nature and treatment of the headaches. Alcohol can bring on extra attacks and should not be consumed during active periods of cluster headache.Comment: A useful review of clinical options. Given the effectiveness of injectable sumatriptan and the prophylactic use of ergotamine mentioned, one might speculate that the new intranasal formulations of triptans (eg, zolmitriptan) and triptans with a longer half‐life (eg, frovatriptan) may prove to be effective in the treatment of cluster headache. DSM
Sumatriptan challenge in bipolar patients with and without migraine: a neuroendocrine study of 5‐HT1D receptor function.
Authors: Mahmood T , Silverstone T , Connor R , Herbison P 
Published: December 2004

Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Jan;17(1):33‐36An association between bipolar disorder and migraine has been lately recognized and an abnormality of central serotonergic function is suggested as the underlying neurophysiological disturbance. To examine the role of serotonin in bipolar disorder and migraine, we used the neuroendocrine challenge paradigm, and we chose sumatriptan, a 5HT1D agonist, as the pharmacological probe. We studied nine bipolar patients with migraine, nine bipolar patients without it, seven migraine patients, and nine matched normal controls. A post‐hoc analysis showed subsensitivity of serotonergic function, reflected in a blunted growth hormone response to sumatriptan challenge in bipolar patients who also suffered from migraine.Comment: Given regulatory and labelling concerns about the potential for triptans to provoke serotonin syndrome, the apparent down‐regulation of serotonergic function in patients with bipolar disorder may suggest cause for cautious optimism and encourage future study of triptans in these patients to establish true causality or otherwise. A prospective trial of sumatriptan injectable identified 1700 patients who repetitively used the triptan and were concomitantly on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication. No serotonin syndrome was reported in any patient (Putnam GP, O'Quinn S, Bolden‐Watson CP, Davis RL, Gutterman DL, Fox AW. Migraine polypharmacy and the tolerability of sumatriptan: a large‐scale, prospective study. Cephalalgia. 1999;19:668‐675). Since SSRIs can rarely induce serotonin syndrome alone, there is a significant difficulty in establishing a risk of coadministration. DSM and SJT
Soil organic carbon content and composition of 130‐year crop, pasture and forest land‐use managements
Authors: Martens Dean A. , Reedy Thomas E. , Lewis David T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractConversion of former agricultural land to grassland and forest ecosystems is a suggested option for mitigation of increased atmospheric CO2. A Sharpsburg prairie loess soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) provided treatments to study the impact of long‐term land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition for a 130‐year‐old cropped, pasture and forest comparison. The forest and pasture land use significantly retained more SOC, 46% and 25%, respectively, compared with cropped land use, and forest land use increased soil C content by 29% compared with the pasture. Organic C retained in the soils was a function of the soil N content (r=0.98,P<0.001) and the soil carbohydrate (CH) concentration (r=0.96,P<0.001). Statistical analyses found that soil aggregation processes increased as organic C content increased in the forest and pasture soils, but not in the cropped soil. SOC was composed of similar percentages of CHs (49%, 42% and 51%), amino acids (22%, 15% and 18%), lipids (2.3%, 2.3% and 2.9%) and unidentified C (21%, 29% and 27%), but differed for phenolic acids (PAs) (5.7%, 11.6% and 1.0%) for the pasture, forest and cropped soils, respectively. The results suggested that the majority of the surface soil C sequestered in the long‐term pasture and forest soils was identified as C of plant origin through the use of CH and PA biomarkers, although the increase in amino sugar concentration of microbial origin indicates a greater increase in microbial inputs in the three subsoils. The practice of permanent pastures and afforestation of agricultural land showed long‐term potential for potential mitigation of atmospheric CO2.
A Novel cis-Element That Is Responsive to Oxidative Stress Regulates Three Antioxidant Defense Genes in Rice
Authors: Tsukamoto Shigefumi , Morita Shigeto , Hirano Etsuko , Yokoi Hideki , Masumura Takehiro , Tanaka Kunisuke 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
All organisms have defense systems against oxidative stress that include multiple genes of antioxidant defense. These genes are induced by reactive oxygen species under condition of oxidative stress. In this study, we found that a 28-bp motif is conserved on the promoter regions of three antioxidant defense genes in rice (Oryza sativa): cytosolic superoxide dismutase (sodCc1), cytosolic thioredoxin (trxh), and glutaredoxin (grx). We demonstrated that the 28-bp sequence acts as a cis-element responsive to oxidative stress by transient expression assay and designated it as CORE (coordinate regulatory element for antioxidant defense). The CORE was activated by methyl viologen treatment and induced a 3.1-fold increase in expression of the reporter gene, but it did not respond to hydrogen peroxide. The expressions of the sodCc1, trxh, and grx genes were coordinately induced by methyl viologen, suggesting that multiple genes involved in antioxidant defense are controlled by a common regulatory mechanism via CORE. Application of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor caused the constitutive induction of the sodCc1, trxh, and grx genes and the activation of CORE without methyl viologen treatment. These results indicate that a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is involved in the gene regulation mediated by CORE.
Arabidopsis AtCUL3a and AtCUL3b Form Complexes with Members of the BTB/POZ-MATH Protein Family
Authors: Weber Henriette , Bernhardt Anne , Dieterle Monika , Hano Perdita , Mutlu Aysegül , Estelle Mark , Genschik Pascal , Hellmann Hanjo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe ubiquitin proteasome pathway in plants has been shown to be important for many developmental processes. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases facilitate transfer of the ubiquitin moiety to substrate proteins. Many E3 ligases contain cullin proteins as core subunits. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtCUL3 proteins interact in yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays with proteins containing a BTB/POZ (broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac/pox virus and zinc finger) motif. By changing specific amino acid residues within the proteins, critical parts of the cullin and BTB/POZ proteins are defined that are required for these kinds of interactions. In addition, we show that AtCUL3 proteins assemble with the RING-finger protein AtRBX1 and are targets for the RUB-conjugation pathway. The analysis of AtCUL3a and AtCUL3b expression as well as several BTB/POZ-MATH genes indicates that these genes are expressed in all parts of the plant. The results presented here provide strong evidence that AtCUL3a and AtCUL3b can assemble in Arabidopsis with BTB/POZ-MATH and AtRBX1 proteins to form functional E3 ligases.
Generation of Active Pools of Abscisic Acid Revealed by In Vivo Imaging of Water-Stressed Arabidopsis
Authors: Christmann Alexander , Hoffmann Thomas , Teplova Irina , Grill Erwin , Müller Axel 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
A noninvasive, cell-autonomous reporter system was developed to monitor the generation and distribution of physiologically active pools of abscisic acid (ABA). ABA response (abi1-1) and biosynthesis (aba2-1) mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were used to validate the system in the presence and absence of water stress. In the absence of water stress, low levels of ABA-dependent reporter activation were observed in the columella cells and quiescent center of the root as well as in the vascular tissues and stomata of cotyledons, suggesting a nonstress-related role for ABA in these cell types. Exposure of seedlings to exogenous ABA resulted in a uniform pattern of reporter expression. In marked contrast, reporter expression in response to drought stress was predominantly confined to the vasculature and stomata. Surprisingly, water stress applied to the root system resulted in the generation of ABA pools in the shoot but not in the root. The analysis of the response dynamics revealed a spread of physiologically active ABA from the vascular tissue into the areoles of the cotyledons. Later, ABA preferentially activated gene expression in guard cells. The primary sites of ABA action identified by in planta imaging corresponded to the sites of ABA biosynthesis, i.e. guard cells and cells associated with vascular veins. Hence, water stress recognized by the root system predominantly results in shoot-localized ABA action that culminates in a focused response in guard cells.
Male Germ Line Development in Arabidopsis. duo pollen Mutants Reveal Gametophytic Regulators of Generative Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: Durbarry Anjusha , Vizir Igor , Twell David 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Male germ line development in flowering plants is initiated with the formation of the generative cell that is the progenitor of the two sperm cells. While structural features of the generative cell are well documented, genetic programs required for generative cell cycle progression are unknown. We describe two novel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants, duo pollen1 (duo1) and duo pollen2 (duo2), in which generative cell division is blocked, resulting in the formation of bicellular pollen grains at anthesis. duo1 and duo2 map to different chromosomes and act gametophytically in a male-specific manner. Both duo mutants progress normally through the first haploid division at pollen mitosis I (PMI) but fail at distinct stages of the generative cell cycle. Mutant generative cells in duo1 pollen fail to enter mitosis at G2-M transition, whereas mutant generative cells in duo2 enter PMII but arrest at prometaphase. In wild-type plants, generative and sperm nuclei enter S phase soon after inception, implying that male gametic cells follow a simple S to M cycle. Mutant generative nuclei in duo1 complete DNA synthesis but bypass PMII and enter an endocycle during pollen maturation. However, mutant generative nuclei in duo2 arrest in prometaphase of PMII with a 2C DNA content. Our results identify two essential gametophytic loci required for progression through different phases of the generative cell cycle, providing the first evidence to our knowledge for genetic regulators of male germ line development in flowering plants.
The AtProT Family. Compatible Solute Transporters with Similar Substrate Specificity But Differential Expression Patterns
Authors: Grallath Silke , Weimar Thilo , Meyer Andreas , Gumy Christophe , Suter-Grotemeyer Marianne , Neuhaus Jean-Marc , Rentsch Doris 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Proline transporters (ProTs) mediate transport of the compatible solutes Pro, glycine betaine, and the stress-induced compound γ-aminobutyric acid. A new member of this gene family, AtProT3, was isolated from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and its properties were compared to AtProT1 and AtProT2. Transient expression of fusions of AtProT and the green fluorescent protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts revealed that all three AtProTs were localized at the plasma membrane. Expression in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant demonstrated that the affinity of all three AtProTs was highest for glycine betaine (K m = 0.1–0.3 mm), lower for Pro (K m = 0.4–1 mm), and lowest for γ-aminobutyric acid (K m = 4–5 mm). Relative quantification of the mRNA level using real-time PCR and analyses of transgenic plants expressing the β-glucuronidase (uidA) gene under control of individual AtProT promoters showed that the expression pattern of AtProTs are complementary. AtProT1 expression was found in the phloem or phloem parenchyma cells throughout the whole plant, indicative of a role in long-distance transport of compatible solutes. β-Glucuronidase activity under the control of the AtProT2 promoter was restricted to the epidermis and the cortex cells in roots, whereas in leaves, staining could be demonstrated only after wounding. In contrast, AtProT3 expression was restricted to the above-ground parts of the plant and could be localized to the epidermal cells in leaves. These results showed that, although intracellular localization, substrate specificity, and affinity are very similar, the transporters fulfill different roles in planta.
Refashioning a Passionate Manager: Gender at Work
Authors: Hatcher Caroline 
Published: December 2004

Despite what has been historically recognized as the masculinity of the credentials required for successful business life, contemporary managers now face new challenges. They are required to be caring and relationship‐oriented. The traditional masculine/feminine hierarchy of logic/emotion is being reshaped by the imperative to be ‘passionate’ in the workplace. This article argues that a new gendered truth plays an important part in the ‘regime of truth’ (Foucault, 1980, p. 131) that shapes current organizational life. This truth, championed by feminists to distinguish women's contribution to social life, forms part of our understanding of what it means to be a successful manager. To achieve success in the current environment managers must be, not just rational, but passionate about their work. The article provides readings of a range of texts to establish the centrality of gender and its relationship to contemporary postmodern discourses about change and difference in management practice. The article articulates both some of the new freedoms and constraints for managers. It also elaborates some of the mechanisms whereby this gendered truth reconfirms the traditional masculine/feminine hierarchy.
The way to open the corporate heart is for individuals to open their own hearts. . . . You are the key to the corporate heart. (Cairnes, 1998)
Symposium on Financial Institutions
Authors: Wall Larry D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFinancial institutions are the topic of the 2003 Eastern Finance Association Symposium. The symposium papers illustrate the importance of bank research for improving our understanding of both financial and nonfinancial firms. Benston begins the symposium with an overview of banking. Three papers consider different aspects of banks' commercial lending: Frame, Padhi, and Woosley; Gottesman and Roberts; and Gonas, Highfield, and Mullineaux. Next, DeYoung and Rice analyze increases in bank's increased noninterest income. Finally, two papers illustrate the benefits of using banking data: Hasan and Wall, in examining the management of financial reporting, and Sfiridis and Daniels, in examining the implications of different organizational forms.