bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Dynamic Reconfiguration Strategy for Power Maximization of TCT Interconnected PV Arrays under Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Loukriz Abdelouadoud , Kichene Moadh , Bendib Ahmed , Drif Mahmoud , Saigaa Djamel , Ahmed Hafiz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In photovoltaic (PV) systems, partial shading is a major issue that may cause power losses, hot spots, and PV modules damage. Thus, PV array dynamic reconfiguration approaches based on irradiance equalization (IEq) between rows have been proposed to alleviate the shading effect thereby improving PV power production. However, the existing IEq-based reconfiguration techniques focus only on the minimization of row current error, without taking into consideration the voltage effect, which in turn, may result in power losses. In this regard, an improved reconfiguration strategy is proposed in the present paper to maximize the power production of a TCT interconnected PV array operating under partial shading conditions (PSCs). The proposed strategy aims to achieve a PV array reconfiguration that mitigates the droop voltage issue by considering irradiance levels in both rows and columns. An in-depth investigation of a typical PV module and TCT module is provided, demonstrating that there are cases where the partial shading does not affect the PV module current but the operating voltage. In addition, an analysis highlighting the limitations of the IEq technique regarding the droop voltage issue is presented. Furthermore, mathematical development is established for deriving the objective function of the proposed strategy. The efficiency of the proposed reconfiguration strategy is assessed through experimental tests carried out on a 20 MWp PV station in Ain El-Melh, Algeria. The obtained results reveal that the proposed method overcomes the weaknesses of the existing IEq strategy and ensures power production higher than the TCT and IEq configurations by 17.25% and 19.34%, respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Parameters of Pulsars With Breaking Indices n&gt;0 and n&lt;0
Authors: Onuchukwu Chika , Leghara E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We analyzed the timing parameters (the rotational frequency \(\nu\), the first \(\left(\dot{\nu }\right)\)and second \(\left(\ddot{\nu }\right)\) time-derivative of frequency) and the derived parameters of a sample of pulsars that have their values of \(\ddot{\nu }\) (470 pulsars) recorded in the Australian Telescope National Facility (ATNF) pulsar catalogue. We formed various subsamples, those with breaking index \(n<0\) and \(n>0\), glitching and non-glitching pulsars. Our statistical analyses of the timing and derived parameters indicated some level of differences and similarities in the parameters analyzed. Glitching pulsars appear to have higher rotational frequency of pulsars than non-glitching pulsars, and pulsars with \(n>0\) appear to rotate faster than those with \(n<0\). Our results also suggest that glitching pulsars have lower values of \(\left|n\right|\) (where \(\left|n\right|\) is the absolute value of breaking index), and is it lower for subsample with \(n>0\) than for subsample with \(n<0\).
Imbalanced Data Challenges and Their Resolution to Improve Fraud Detection in Credit Card Transactions
Authors: Manda Vishwa Teja , Kondapalli Dheeraj , Malla Anand sai , M Jyothi N , Charan Y 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This project addresses the critical issue of fraud detection in credit card transactions, an imperative conand cern for both financial institutions and cardholders. With the increasing sophistication of fraudulent activities, accurate identification and prevention of fraudulent transactions have become paramount. The study focuses on a dataset comprising credit card transactions conducted by European cardholders in September 2013. Notably, the dataset exhibits a severe class imbalance, with fraudulent transactions accounting for a mere 0.172% of the total. The primary objective of this research is to develop a robust machine-learning model capable of effectively discerning between legitimate and fraudulent transactions. The project commences with an extensive exploration of the dataset, encompassing checks for data imbalance, feature visualization, and analysis of feature interrelationships. Subsequently, four predictive models, including Random Forest, AdaBoost, Cat Boost, and XG Boost, were employed and evaluated. The dataset was partitioned into three subsets: a training set, a validation set, and a test set. Initial results showcased promising performance, with the Random Forest model yielding an Area Under the Curve (AUC) the core of 0.85 on the test set. The AdaBoost model achieved a slightly lower AUC score of 0.83, while the Cat Boost model, following 500 iterations, attained an AUC score of 0.86. The XG Boost model demonstrated exceptional promise, achieving a validation score of 0.984, and subsequently producing an AUC score of 0.974 on the test set. Further, the project introduced a Light GBM model, leveraging both train-validation split and cross-validation methods. The former yielded AUC scores of approximately 0.974 on the validation set and 0.946 on the test set. Cross-validation exhibited a similar effectiveness, culminating in an AUC score of 0.93 on the test predictions. This study not only underscores the efficacy of employing advanced machine learning techniques in fraud detection but also emphasizes the importance of model selection and evaluation in the context of imbalanced data. The findings provide valuable insights for financial institutions seeking to bolster their fraud detection capabilities, ultimately enhancing the security and trust of credit card transactions.
Three months’ recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma based on surgeon experience as a single variant
Authors: Kassem Ayman , Assem Ahmed , Sharway Ahmed , Deen Mohammed Ezz El , Emran Ashraf 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical instillation therapy (based on risk stratification) is the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). One of the factors that may affect the risk of recurrence after TURBT is the quality of surgery that may vary between individual surgeons. Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the three months’ recurrence rate of NMIBC based on surgeon experience. Methodology: The study is a double blinded prospective randomized study conducted on 50 patients with NMIBC who underwent TURBT. All Treatment-naive patients with suspected NMIBC candidate for TURBT were included, with exclusion of patients with previous history of TURBT, previous open bladder surgery, patients with urethral stricture and patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A included 25 patients who underwent TURBT by a senior surgeon (more than 5 years’ experience), and Group B included 25 patients underwent TURBT by a qualified junior surgeon (less than 5 years’ experience). All patients underwent follow up cystoscopy by another senior surgeon (who was blinded to the name of the first surgeon) at three months. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between both groups regarding the incidence of urethral injury, bladder perforation, ureteric injury, obturator reflex, and bleeding. Group B showed a statistically significant longer operative time, postoperative irrigation time, more hemoglobin loss, longer hospital stay, and higher 3 months’ recurrence rates. Moreover, senior surgeons’ specimens were more likely to include detrusor muscles. Conclusion: A surgeon’s experience may have a significant impact on the quality of TURBT and risk of recurrence after TURBT for NMIBC.
Analyzing Tropospheric Ozone Dynamics: A Longitudinal Study of Trends in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Schales Ethan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is identified as a pollutant and a major greenhouse gas. It has known negative effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as damaging numerous ecosystems. As humans have moved more towards urban areas and have industrialized, air pollutant levels, such as tropospheric ozone, have gone up significantly. Within the last few decades, there have been significant efforts to reduce air pollution. The main goal of this study was to examine trends in tropospheric ozone in various places of the world and determine if recent measures to reduce air pollution are effective. This data for this study ranges from 2000 to 2022 and was collected using the IAGOS website. The data was organized and analyzed using Python programs. By removing the seasonal trend and using a quantile regression function, tropospheric ozone trends were organized and plotted. The results demonstrate that tropospheric ozone has increased in most regions since 2000, however in the last ten years, some areas have shown some improvement.
Experiences of Older Adult Filipino-Americans Surrounding Eye Surgery and Factors in Health Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jiro Marycon C. , Sigua Michael , Dio Migel , Hennein Lauren , Cocohoba Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The greater San Francisco metropolitan bay area is home to 270,000 Filipino immigrants and the second largest Filipino-American population in the United States. Despite this, Filipino-Americans are aggregated with the general “Asian-American” category, making it a challenge to obtain accurate population health data on social determinants of health. One area that is concerning is the lack of research on Filipino-American eye health experiences. The Filipino-American population is an older community with a median age of 48 years old that experiences a high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. Preserving sight in high risk patients against age-related eye disease depends on routine eye examinations and timely treatment. Therefore, it is important to explore older adult Filipino-American eye surgery experiences and factors in eye health decision-making.
Methods
An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with thirteen Filipino-American adults residing in the nine San Francisco Bay Area counties who had a history of eye surgery (cataract, glaucoma, or retinal). Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis was performed informed by critical race theory and PEN3 cultural model. Standard methods of coding followed by determination of themes were conducted and consensus was reached among the three coders.
Results
The mean participant age was 73.3 years old (95% CI 69.7–76.9). All participants were born in the Philippines, and 85% identified as female. Four themes emerged: the value of social networks and self-efficacy in decision-making; the importance of informed communication; the integral role of trust and the physician-patient relationship; and the impact of cultural humility, beliefs, and concordance on ocular care. Communication with trusted peers, clinicians and clinical staff prior to surgery was a key factor in alleviating worries and misconceptions, yet interpreter services were inconsistently offered. Many saw clinicians as experts, which dampened their agency in asking questions or elicited shame in obtaining a professional second opinion.
Conclusions
How clinicians convey information is crucial. Filipino-Americans patients can interpret eye surgery expectations through a cultural lens, which may result in lasting impressions about the surgical experience and outcomes. Expanding cultural humility training and improved incorporating interpreter services can help patients feel supported.
Comparison of Visual Efficacy and Patient’s Satisfaction between Two Toric IOLs, Enhanced for Intermediate Vision and Monofocal
Authors: Hwang Ho Sik , An Dohyeon , Kim Hyun Seung , Kim Eun Chul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: To compare the visual efficacy and patient’s satisfaction between two toric IOLs (TIOL), enhanced for intermediate vision and monofocal.
Methods: A retrospective chart review. A total of 100 eyes from 68 astigmatic patients who underwent cataract surgery with implantation of a TECNIS Eyhance Toric II IOL (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Irvine, CA, USA) (Group 1, 50 eyes) or TECNIS TIOL (Group 2, 50 eyes). The uncorrected distant (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) visual acuities, residual refractive astigmatism, defocus curve, and IOL axis rotation were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months postoperatively.
Results: The postoperative UDVA and UNVA refractive astigmatisms of the two groups were better than the preoperative data, respectively (P<0.05). But there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative UIVA of group 1 (0.18 ± 0.15 logMAR) was significantly better than that of group 2 (0.30 ± 0.25) (P<0.05). And the mean postoperative IOL rotation of group 1 (2.51 ± 0.79 o) is lower than that of group 2 (3.02 ± 0.84 o) (P<0.05). Overall satisfaction of group 1 (1.27 ± 0.47) was better than that of group 2 (2.02 ± 0.53) (P<0.05).
Conclusions: TECNIS Eyhance Toric II IOL demonstrated a low magnitude of postoperative IOL rotation and excellent uncorrected intermediate vision compared with TECNIS TIOL. The patient's near vision and overall satisfaction with the TECNIS Eyhance Toric II IOL were also higher than those with the TECNIS TIOL.
Modeling Information Warfare in Scale-Free Networks: Analysis of Propagation and Counter-Propagation Dynamics
Authors: pandey rashmikiran , Pandey Mrinal , Nazarov Alexey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In an era where information's rapid dissemination profoundly impacts society, this study introduces a comprehensive model examining information warfare dynamics within a scale-free network. Emphasizing the propagation and counter-propagation processes, our model intricately captures interactions among network nodes and their attributed statuses. Constructing a scale-free network via the Barabasi-Albert model, we simulate an information dissemination environment, attributing nodes as Informed or Unversed to mirror the diversity within the network. The transmission probability, contingent on node attributes, governs the information propagation process, while a reinforcement mechanism factors in the higher susceptibility of Unversed nodes to reinfection. Introducing a counter-propagation process to recover infected nodes, recovery probabilities are tailored based on node literacy status, potentially enhancing intervention effectiveness. Extensive simulations scrutinize the dynamics of information warfare, investigating parameters like transmission and recovery probabilities, and network topology's influence on information spread and counter-propagation success. This study evaluates defender and attacker accuracy, unveiling varied strategy effectiveness. The accuracy of the defender, which measures the rate at which nodes recover and align with their actual literacy attributes, was found to be 66.7% in defender dominant state and accuracy of attacker was 81.9% in attacker dominant state. Our findings illuminate the intricate dynamics of information warfare, underscoring the pivotal role of literacy status and proposing strategies to bolster defender accuracy.
Quantum Insights Into Decision Theory: From Duality Games to Two Lotuses for Utility Estimation
Authors: Phuong-Nam Phuong-Nam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The intersection of Quantum Computing and Quantum Machine Intelligence has prompted a reevalu- ation of decision theory and decision-making processes, particularly in the context of utility functions. Despite the advancements, their utility estimation and decision theory application still need to be explored. Utility functions are pivotal in economics, representing preferences through assigning numerical values to different combinations of goods and services. They find applications in diverse economic analyses, including consumer choice, demand analysis, production decisions, supply and demand equilibrium, welfare economics, game theory, and investment decisions. In this context, pre- viously introduced in research, the duality game emerges as a promising avenue for utility estimation. This research paper extends the conceptual foundation of the duality model by introducing the Two Lotuses Game, a novel game-theoretic model addressing scenarios involving distinct species with different phenotypes. The goal is to determine the optimal phenotype trait within the descendant generation, considering shared inheritance. The Two Lotuses Game identifies two crucial quantities: the most expected phenotype and the most stable phenotype. Numerical results showcase the practical applications of both the Duality Game and the Two Lotuses Game in four case studies related to actuarial science, including utility function approximation, expected utility maximization, premium pricing, and risk-sharing evaluations. The versatility of these models suggests potential adoption in various financial or biological contexts beyond actuarial science.
Role of Green Factors and Peace Factors Towards Environmental Footprint in Saudi Arabia: Multi Estimations Approach
Authors: Aziz Ghazala , Sarwar Suleman , Waheed Rida , Li Zaijun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The sustainable economic growth of a country leads to energy consumption which causes environmental issues. The study examines the financial sector's investment in renewable energy sources and utilizing eco-friendly technology to solve environmental issues. This study also examines the role of military spending through our peace model, as a secure setting might make initiatives that promote environmental sustainability and development possible. We conclude that peace makes it easier to accommodate environmental concerns and the various circumstances under which a nation attains and maintains sustainability. Additionally, this study makes policy recommendations from the standpoint of a sustainable environment through declining military spending, increasing the use of renewable energy sources and the effective use of environmental technology.
Advancing realistic estimations of behaviour interventions: A large-scale real-world experiment on electricity consumption reduction in Europe
Authors: Klöckner Christian , Asgarabad Mojtaba Habibi , Biresselioglu Mehmet Efe , Caffaro Federica , Carrus Giuseppe , Demir Muhittin Hakan , Kirchler Benjamin , Kollmann Andrea , Massullo Chiara , Tiberio Lorenza , Vesely Stepan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Decarbonization initiatives rely heavily on shifts in citizen’s behaviour. This study presents findings from a large-scale, controlled field experiment (N=2,554) conducted across six European countries, assessing the effectiveness of intervention campaigns aimed at reducing electricity consumption under real-world conditions. Our findings offer a nuanced perspective: only a modest proportion of invited participants actively engaged, but they achieved significant reductions in electricity consumption. We found no significant differences in the effectiveness of different intervention strategies, ranging from information to social norms or competition, suggesting the type of intervention may not be as important as previously thought. A critical finding of our research is that, although psychological factors were predictive of self-reported saving behaviour, they did not correlate with actual consumption data. Our results underscore the complexity of influencing energy consumption behaviour and suggest that future policies and interventions should take into account the multifaceted interplay between structural conditions and individual behaviour.
An Effective Method for Studying the β5 Subunit Activity of the Immunoproteasome In Vitro
Authors: Guo Jinxing , Dan Fu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The immunoproteasome has been found to cause multiple diseases, such as multiple myeloma and autoimmune disorders, and there is an urgent need to develop these antagonists of immunoproteasomes into drugs to relieve patients’ suffering. We developed a novel approach to detect immunoproteasomes’ cellular activity in vitro. After making the cell lysate and adding an equal volume of the substrate solution, we incubated it for 10 minutes at 37°C, measuring the fluorescent signaling. The results showed that the published IC50 of ONX-0914 and bortezomib are repeatable with our assay in different cell lines, and the IC50 is acceptable and stable enough to be verified by many tests. It is worth noting that the combination of digitonin and a lower concentration of NP-40 will maintain higher immunoproteasome activity and completely lyse the cell membrane. The assay’s maximum sensitivity is reached in 30 minutes, and the IC50 of ONX-0914 and bortezomib matches that of published data. In contrast to the β5c assay, the β5i commercial kit is limited to being selected. We prefer to make a highly efficient kit for the β5i assay to meet the academic or clinical needs of researchers.
Assessment on the Environmental Concern Level and Driving Mechanism of Beach Recreationists Based on the New Ecological Paradigm Scale
Authors: Wu Xiaowei , Zhong Chongqing , Chen Han , Zou Xinqing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study uses the New Ecological Paradigm Scale (NEP) to measure the level of environmental concern among beach recreationists, innovatively constructs a model based on the measurement results to depict a group portrait, and analyzes the driving mechanism of beach recreation pro-environmental behavior. The level of environmental concern of beach tourists is 66.2%, slightly higher than the average level of Chinese urban residents, and is significantly correlated with age, occupation, education level, and income level. The newly constructed environmental behavior group portrait index indicates that the group that actively participates in recreational environmental behavior at Haichow Bay Beach includes college students, primary and secondary school students, retirees and surrounding residents. Key factors in the generation of environmentally friendly behavior for beach enthusiasts include individual self-control constraints, regional ecological environment management, the improvement of environmental literacy, overcoming individualism, external environmental impacts, and environmental education.
Determination of the Quantity of Particles Emitted to the Environment as a Result of Wearing Car Brake Pads
Authors: Ismailov Kubaymurat , Shermukhamedov Abdulaziz , Alimova Zebo , Rakhmatov Utkirjon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article presents methods for determining the amount of particles released into the environment as a result of the wear of brake linings during car braking, taking into account the adhesion coefficient of the wheel with the road. Considering that the resource period of the brake pads of cars changes depending on the adhesion coefficient of the wheel with the road, the amount of particles emitted into the atmosphere was calculated theoretically. The analysis of the distribution of the concentration of metals in the particles formed from wearing brake linings during the braking process of cars is widely covered. It was found that the samples taken during the braking of a car contained high amounts of metal elements such as iron, copper, zinc, chromium, tin and antimony. Currently, there is information about the negative impact of the particles that form during the braking of cars on the environment. A comparative analysis of the theoretical and experimental results of the wear rate of brake linings depending on the road adhesion coefficient is presented. According to the comparative analysis of the theoretical calculation results of the average wear speed of car brake pads depending on the road adhesion coefficient, the change in the wear speed depending on the adhesion coefficient has been confirmed.