bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The alcohol‐aggression relationship and differential sensitivity to alcohol
Authors: Pihl R.O. , Assaad J.M. , Hoaken P.N.S. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe determination of which individuals are at risk of responding aggressively when intoxicated and under what conditions this is likely to occur is basic to understanding the alcohol/aggression relationship. Three theorized mechanisms on which individuals display differential vulnerability and which are related to risk are discussed. These are the cue for reinforcement system, the threat system, and the executive control system. Under the latter heading new findings from a number of studies are presented which demonstrate that: under low provocation intoxicated executive cognitive functioning (ECF) individuals performed with significantly more aggression than sober or intoxicated high ECF individuals; that individuals with low ECF, though more aggressive, choose these responses more slowly than those with high ECF; that low ECF, unlike high ECF, individuals do not react to anticipated shock; and, it is specifically low sober state ECF individuals who show increased alcohol induced ECF disruption who are most at risk for intoxicated aggression. Aggr. Behav. 29:302–315, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The contribution of personality to the overlap between antisocial behavior and substance use/misuse
Authors: Lynam Donald R. , Leukefeld Carl , Clayton Richard R. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe present study tested the ability of the Five Factor Model (FFM), a general model of personality functioning, to account for the stability across time of antisocial behavior (ASB) and substance use/misuse (SUM), and the correlation between ASB and SUM at a given time. Data from a community‐based longitudinal study of 481 men and women were examined. Specifically, we examined relations among substance use and conduct problems through the 10th grade, lifetime symptoms of substance abuse and dependence, adult symptoms of antisocial personality disorder through age 21, and a measure of the FFM. Results were virtually identical for men and women. Personality traits accounted for relatively large proportions of the variance in ASB and SUM with R2 ranging from .19 for early SUM to .30 for early ASB. Additionally, personality profiles of the four measures were highly similar, with similarity coefficients ranging from .87 to .97. Finally, the inclusion of common personality correlates reduced the relations between the four measures by between 13% (early ASB and SUM) and 29% (early and later SUM). It is concluded that personality, particularly the dimensions of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, is important to understanding ASB and SUM. Aggr. Behav. 29:316–331, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intimate partner violence among abused and neglected children in young adulthood: The mediating effects of early aggression, antisocial personality, hostility and alcohol problems
Authors: White Helene Raskin , Widom Cathy Spatz 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis study examined whether male and female abused and neglected children report higher levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in young adulthood than a matched control group. We also examined whether this association was mediated by early aggressive behavior, adult antisocial personality disorder, hostility, and problem drinking for men and women. The sample consisted of individuals who had official records of child abuse and/or neglect prior to age 12 and matched controls who were followed up and interviewed at approximately age 29 years. Individuals who had ever been married or lived with someone (N=961) reported on lifetime perpetration of IPV. For the total sample, abused and neglected children reported significantly higher rates of ever hitting or throwing things at a partner, ever hitting or throwing first, and ever hitting or throwing first more than once. Both male and female abused and neglected children reported significantly higher rates of ever hitting or throwing things at a partner than matched controls. Antisocial personality disorder mediated the effects of abuse/neglect on IPV for men and women and hostility and alcohol problems also mediated the effects for abused and neglected women. Early aggressive behavior was not a significant mediator for either gender. Overall the results reveal a link between early childhood victimization and later perpetration of violence against partners for both men and women. Further research on the mechanisms is necessary before firm conclusions may be drawn. Aggr. Behav. 29:332–345, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol consumption and the occurrence and severity of aggression: an event‐based analysis of male to male barroom violence
Authors: Leonard Kenneth E. , Collins R. Lorraine , Quigley Brian M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAlthough a considerable body of experimental research supports the contention that alcohol facilitates aggression, some investigators have argued that these findings cannot be generalized to actual occurrences of aggression. Moreover, controversy continues concerning whether expectancies supporting alcohol's influence on aggression moderate the relationship. The present study is an event‐based examination of the relationship between alcohol consumption, personality characteristics, contextual variables, and the occurrence and severity of male‐to‐male bar aggression. Men (n=190) who experienced either a physically aggressive episode or an incident of threat in a bar were assessed with respect to stable individual difference factors, such as personality factors, trait anger, and alcohol‐aggression expectancies. The participants were also interviewed about the circumstances surrounding the most severe episode of bar aggression or threat that occurred in the past year. Logisitic regression analyses indicated that while alcohol consumption did not predict the occurrence of aggression, heavy alcohol consumption by the participant and the opponent was associated with aggression severity and physical harm, and that this relationship was present after controlling for personality and situational factors. The belief that alcohol was a cause of aggression was associated with the occurrence of aggression, but it was not related to severity or harm, and did not appear to moderate the alcohol‐aggression relationship. These results suggest that alcohol expectancies may facilitate the occurrence of aggression. However, the results also support the contention that alcohol use may contribute to the severity of aggression occuring in bar contexts. Aggr. Behav. 29:346–365, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc..
Functional deficits in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Sesto Mary E. , Radwin Robert G. , Salvi Frank J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a major occupational illness in the US. The Wisconsin Test is a quantitative computer‐controlled test battery designed for measuring sensory and psychomotor function. Subjects were recruited from industrial jobs at high‐risk for CTS to determine if subtle sensory and motor deficits were observable in a working population. Outcomes were studied for potential use as an injury surveillance instrument.MethodsA total of 208 subjects participated (72 males and 136 females). Participants completed a symptom survey, were given a physical examination, administered nerve conduction tests, and were tested using the Wisconsin Test battery.ResultsThe greatest functional deficits were observed when nerve conduction findings were positive and were accompanied by either positive symptom survey outcomes or positive physical exam findings. The presence of symptoms alone were not significantly associated with motor deficits and no significant sensory threshold differences were observed among subjects categorized using any single criterion (i.e., nerve conduction, symptom reports, or examination).ConclusionsMeasurable and quantifiable sensory and psychomotor deficits were observed in a working industrial population, and were greatest when positive symptoms or physical exam was accompanied by positive nerve conduction test findings. These data show that clinical criteria used in the diagnosis of CTS corresponds with functional psychomotor and sensory impairments measured in these tests. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:133–140, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work‐related injuries in Lebanon: Does nationality make a difference?
Authors: Nuwayhid Iman , Fayad Rim , Tamim Hala , Kassak Kassem , Khogali Mustafa 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the type, severity, cause, and cost of work‐related injuries between Lebanese and non‐Lebanese workers in insured workplaces in Lebanon.MethodsA total of 4,186 claims and medical reports for 3,748 work‐related injuries filed in 1998 at five major insurance companies were reviewed.ResultsNon‐Lebanese workers (46%) were younger (29 vs. 31 years), belonged mainly to the construction sector (62% vs. 29%), and were paid less ($365 vs. $438/month) than Lebanese workers. Non‐Lebanese construction workers reported more feet and eye injuries. Falls were more common among Lebanese workers while non‐Lebanese workers commonly reported being struck by an object. No differences were noted in the severity of injuries (workdays lost; hospitalization) between the two groups, but, overall cost per injury was higher among the Lebanese workers.ConclusionsThere were no salient differences between Lebanese and non‐Lebanese workers regarding severity of work injuries, which may reflect the disparity in access to the Lebanese heath care system by nationality. Syrian migrant workers appear to represent a special group in Lebanon. Additional, in‐depth analysis of the social, political, and workplace mechanisms leading to work injuries is recommended. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:172–181, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term impact of worker notification: Qualitative assessment of a community‐based notification and screening program in Augusta, Georgia
Authors: Needleman Carolyn , Connally Lee Barbara 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of high‐risk worker notification programs often focuses on their immediate effectiveness in communicating information to individual workers. This approach leaves unexamined some important social processes that can influence worker notification's impact and public health consequences over time.MethodsTo explore long‐term effects, ethnographic methods were used for qualitative assessment of a community‐based program carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in Augusta, Georgia, during the early 1980s. More than a decade after the original NIOSH intervention, lengthy taped interviews were conducted with 70 members of the notified cohort (chemical workers exposed to beta‐naphthylamine (BNA)) and 32 members of their families.ResultsThe notified workers expressed extremely positive feelings about having received the risk information. However, for non‐obvious and unanticipated reasons, most had failed to implement the notification's primary health advice (annual screening for bladder cancer). Both the workers and their family members reported a number of ongoing concerns related to the program.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest four strategies, all relatively low in cost, that are likely to increase the long‐term public health benefits of worker notifications that rely on individually mailed written materials: (1) in designing worker notifications, take into account the information (accurate or not) that the workers already have, and determine what kind of information they most want and need; (2) define the notification audience broadly to include not only the study cohort but also family members and/or other similarly exposed workers; (3) when notifications recommend secondary disease prevention measures over long time periods, follow up the notification health advice with periodic reminders; (4) inform a wide range of community organizations and service providers (non‐medical as well as medical) about the notification, and encourage them to provide appropriate support to the notified workers and their families. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:113–123, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injury surveillance in construction: What is an “injury”, anyway?
Authors: Welch Laura S. , Hunting Katherine 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundOver the last decade, there has been a decline in injuries with days away from work in construction, associated with an increase in injuries with restricted work activity only.MethodsWe abstracted demographics, diagnosis, cause‐of‐injury, and hospital discharge information for 481 workers from one large construction project treated in an urban Emergency Department (ED). The project safety team provided data on all injuries from this site, including first aid cases.ResultsThis site had fewer injuries with days away from work than expected from national rates. Two hundred and fifty‐six injuries were reported on the OSHA log, and of those 93 entailed days away from work; 1,515 injuries were considered first aid/medical only. We used a sample of the data to estimate that the site classified as “recordable” 128 of the 481 ED‐treated injuries from this site (27%).ConclusionsThe pattern of injury varies depending on the subset of injuries examined. Lost time injuries, as reported in BLS data, record fewer lacerations and eye injuries, and more strains and sprains. No one surveillance system presents the full spectrum of occupational injury. Tracking all injuries allow early recognition of injury risks, and therefore can lead to more effective prevention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:191–196, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scrutinizing ACGIH risk assessments: The trichloroethylene case
Authors: Rudén Christina 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit values (TLVs) for occupational exposure to chemicals and physical agents have been very influential in the setting of occupational exposure limits in many countries.MethodsThree ACGIH risk assessments of the chlorinated solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) [ACGIH (1989): 5th edition; ACGIH (1992): 5th edition. Revised Vol II; ACGIH (1996): Suppl. 6th edition] are compared to 26 other risk assessments made of the same chemical substance. The documents are compared in terms of their overall conclusions and the data selected for assessment.ResultsIt is shown that these ACGIH risk assessment documents were based on incomplete and biased data sets.ConclusionsThe data on which the ACGIH [ACGIH (1996): Suppl. 6th edition] base their TCE risk assessment do not adequately reflect the available scientific knowledge about TCE toxicity and carcinogenicity. This may have influenced their conclusion that TCE is not carcinogenic in either animals or humans which stand out compared to contemporary risk assessments. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:207–213, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atopic symptoms among California veterinarians
Authors: Susitaival Päivikki , Kirk John H. , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of allergic symptoms among veterinarians has not been studied adequately.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 2,000 California veterinarians; the return rate was 73% (N = 1416).ResultsA history of either asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), or atopic dermatitis (AD) was reported by 66% of respondents. AR was reported by 62%, asthma by 16%, and AD by 11%. Forty percent of the veterinarians reported animal related respiratory and/or skin symptoms. The most commonly reported causes of symptoms were cats and dogs. In multivariate logistic analysis, the significant risk factors for having adult asthma were the history of AR with the history of AD (OR 13.9), AR alone (OR 6.3), and asthma in childhood (OR 6.4).ConclusionsThe prevalence of asthma and other atopic symptoms was high in the studied population. Most veterinarians with respiratory or skin symptoms reported the symptoms as being related to specific animal contact. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:166–171, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work‐related falls among union carpenters in Washington State before and after the Vertical Fall Arrest Standard
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Li Leiming , Dement John 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundWashington State enacted a change in their fall standard for the construction industry in 1991, preceding the Safety Standard for Fall Protection in the Construction Industry promulgated by Federal OSHA in 1994.MethodsWe evaluated changes in the rate of falls from elevations and measures of severity among a large cohort of union carpenters after the fall standard change in Washington State, taking into account the temporal trends in their overall injury rates.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the rate of falls from height after the standard went into effect, even after adjusting for the overall decrease in work‐related injuries among this cohort. Much of the decrease was immediate, likely representing the publicity surrounding fatal falls and subsequent promulgation of the standard. The greatest decrease was seen between 3 and 3½ years after the standard went into effect. There was a significant reduction in mean paid lost days per event after the standard change and there was a significant reduction in mean cost per fall when adjusting for age and the temporal trend for costs among non‐fall injuries.ConclusionsThrough the use of observational methods we have demonstrated significant effects of the Washington State Vertical Fall Arrest Standard among carpenters in the absence of a control or comparison group. Without controlling for the temporal trend in overall injury rates, the rate of decline in falls appeared significantly greater, but the more pronounced, but delayed, decline was not seen. The analyses demonstrate potential error in failing to account for temporal patterns or assuming that a decline after an intervention is related to the intervention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:157–165, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Falls among union carpenters
Authors: Lipscomb Hester J. , Li Leiming , Dement John M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBackgroundFalls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the construction trades.MethodsWe identified a cohort of 16,215 active union carpenters, hours worked, and their workers' compensation claims for a 10‐year period. The data on this well‐defined cohort were used to describe their work‐related falls; to define rates of injury and the associated costs; and to identify high‐risk groups.ResultsSame level falls occurred at a rate of 1.8/200,000 hours worked; falls from elevations at a rate of 2.3/200,000 hours worked. These injuries resulted in direct payments of $0.30 per hour of work or $2.40 per 8‐hr day. Mean costs per fall increased with increasing age. Age was not associated with risk of falls from elevations; younger carpenters had modestly reduced rates of falls from the same level. Rates of falls decreased with increasing time in the union. Carpenters whose usual work involved drywall installation or residential work were at highest risk.ConclusionsFalls are a significant public health risk for carpenters and they are responsible for a significant burden of work‐related injury costs. While there is a need for prevention of falls from elevations—through training, enforcement of fall protection regulations, improved safety climate, or engineering changes—there is also the need to prevent falls from lower elevations. Differences in risk likely reflect varying exposures and safety practices in different areas of carpentry, as well as training, experience, and job assignments based on longevity in the union. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:148–156, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infant mortality after takeovers in wild Ethiopian Hamadryas Baboons
Authors: Swedell Larissa , Tesfaye Teklu 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn this work we report the first observational evidence of infanticide in wild hamadryas baboons. The study group inhabits the lowlands of the northern Rift Valley in Ethiopia and has been under observation for over 1,200 hr, on and off, since October 1996. Here we report observations from August and September 2002 of the consequences of two takeovers of known females with black infants. After the first takeover, the respective infant disappeared and was presumed dead within 11 days of the takeover. After the second takeover, the infant incurred repeated severe aggression from its mother's new leader male and eventually died 4 days after the takeover. We interpret these findings as support for the sexual selection hypothesis regarding male infanticide. We suggest that hamadryas leader males usually protect infants born into their units, but may withhold this protection–or even directly attack and kill infants–after takeovers. Am. J. Primatol. 60:113–118, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gestural communication in young gorillas (Gorilla gorilla): Gestural repertoire, learning, and use
Authors: Pika Simone , Liebal Katja , Tomasello Michael 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn the present study we investigated the gestural communication of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). The subjects were 13 gorillas (1–6 years old) living in two different groups in captivity. Our goal was to compile the gestural repertoire of subadult gorillas, with a special focus on processes of social cognition, including attention to individual and developmental variability, group variability, and flexibility of use. Thirty‐three different gestures (six auditory, 11 tactile, and 16 visual gestures) were recorded. We found idiosyncratic gestures, individual differences, and similar degrees of concordance between and within groups, as well as some group‐specific gestures. These results provide evidence that ontogenetic ritualization is the main learning process involved, but some form of social learning may also be responsible for the acquisition of special gestures. The present study establishes that gorillas have a multifaceted gestural repertoire, characterized by a great deal of flexibility with accommodations to various communicative circumstances, including the attentional state of the recipient. The possibility of assigning Seyfarth and Cheney's [1997] model for nonhuman primate vocal development to the development of nonhuman primate gestural communication is discussed. Am. J. Primatol. 60:95–111, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New H‐alpha emission stars towards the galactic bulge
Authors: Kohoutek L. , Wehmeyer R. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper is dealing with the investigation of H‐alpha emission stars towards the galactic bulge. In this important region 533 H‐alpha emission stars have already been discovered. We add 98 new and 9 possible new (perhaps identical with known objects) H‐alpha emission stars found in the objective‐prism survey of planetary nebulae and we give the identification charts, the accurate coordinates as well as a rough description. The distribution in l, b of all objects shows the expected concentration towards the galactic equator with the maximum near l=0. and b=0. distorted probably due to strong interstellar extinction.