bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on health of periparturient dairy cows
Authors: Erskine Ronald J. , Bartlett Paul C. , Herdt Thomas , Gaston Patrick 
Published: December 2023

Objective—To determine the effect of administration of vitamin E (D-α-tocopherol) on the incidence of retained placenta, metritis, and clinical mastitis during early lactation and on tocopherol concentrations.

Design—Prospective randomized controlled study.

Animals—420 Holstein cows

Procedure—Vitamin E (3,000 mg, IM, once) was administered to 204 cows 8 to 14 days before expected parturition, and 216 control cows were not treated. The number of cows that had retained placenta, metritis, clinical mastitis, displaced abomasum, and clinically apparent acetonemia or hypocalcemia were recorded. Serum concentrations of tocopherol, the tocopherol:cholesterol ratio, and glutathione-peroxidase activity were determined from samples obtained before administration of vitamin E, 7 and 14 days after administration, and at 30 days after parturition from 36 treated and 36 control cows.

Results—Administration of vitamin E significantly decreased the incidence of retained placenta and metritis (13/204 [6.4%] and 8/204 [3.9%], respectively, for the vitamin E-treated group; 27/216 [12.5%] and 19/216 [8.8%], respectively, for the untreated group) but did not affect the incidence of clinical mastitis. Serum vitamin E concentration was significantly higher in treated than in control cattle at 7 and 14 days after administration, but serum tocopherohcholesterol ratio was significantly higher only at 7 days after administration.

Clinical Implications—Parenteral administration of a single injection of vitamin E before parturition may decrease the incidence of retained placenta and metritis in dairy cows but will increase serum concentrations for 7 to 14 days after administration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:466–469)
Generalized tremors in dogs: 24 cases (1984–1995)
Authors: Wagner Susan Orbovich , Podell Michael , Fenner William Roy 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment outcome for dogs with generalized tremors.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Animals
12 white purebred and 12 nonwhite mixed-breed and purebred dogs.

Procedure
Medical records of dogs examined for tremors between January 1984 and July 1995 were reviewed. History, signalment, abnormalities on physical and neurologic examinations, results of diagnostic testing, and diagnosis were recorded for each dog. Results were divided into the following 3 categories on the basis of the cause of the tremors: inflammatory, noninflammatory, and idiopathic. Cause was determined by results of CSF analyses or a history of toxin exposure.

Results
The only noninflammatory cause of generalized tremors identified in these dogs was mycotoxin ingestion. Steroid-responsive tremor syndrome had developed in 22 of 24 dogs, half of which had abnormal results of CSF analyses. Most dogs were young adults between 1 and 5 years old. More than half of the dogs were nonwhite mixed-breeds and all weighed < 15 kg (33 lb). Eighty percent of the dogs responded to immunosuppressive treatment within 3 days.

Clinical Implications
Inflammatory and noninflammatory causes for generalized tremors in dogs result in similar clinical signs, so a logical diagnostic and treatment approach is needed. Steroid-responsive tremor syndrome should be considered in small- to medium-breed, young adult dogs, regardless of coat color. A rapid and complete response to immunosuppressive treatment is expected. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:731–735)
Effect of booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid on sudden death syndrome mortality rate among feedlot cattle
Authors: De Groot Bradley D. , Dewey Catherine E. , Griffin D. Dee , Perino Louis J. , Moxley Rodney A. , Hahn G. LeRoy 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid would affect the sudden death syndrome (SDS) mortality rate among feedlot cattle.

Design
Field trial.

Animals
83,115 cattle at a Nebraska feedlot.

Procedure
Cattle arriving at the feedlot underwent routine processing according to established protocol. All cattle received a sequentially numbered ear tag and a 2-ml dose of a multivalent bacterin-toxoid designed to protect cattle against Clostridium chauvoei, C septicum, C novyi, C sordellii, and C perfringens types C and D. Approximately 90 days prior to slaughter, growth promotants were implanted in all cattle, and cattle were allocated to a treatment or control group on the basis of the last digits of their ear tag numbers. Cattle in the treatment group received a second 2-ml dose of clostridial bacterin-toxoid; control cattle did not.

Results
Significant differences between groups in regard to crude, feeding pen, or SDS mortality rates were not detected. Sudden death syndrome mortality rate across both groups was 0.24%. If the SDS mortality rate in midwestern feedlot cattle was reduced ≥ 40% by booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid, this experiment included enough animals to have a 90% probability of detecting that difference.

Clinical Implications
Booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid does not affect SDS mortality rate among feedlot cattle. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997,211:749–753)
Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment alternatives for beef bulls with preputial prolapse
Authors: Kasari Thomas R. , McGrann James M. , Hooper R. Neil 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To develop an economic model for comparing cost-effectiveness of medical and surgical treatment versus replacement of beef bulls with preputial prolapse.

Design
Economic analysis.

Sample Population
Estimates determined from medical records of bulls treated for preputial prolapse at our hospital and from information about treatment of bulls published elsewhere.

Procedure
Annual depreciation cost for treatment (ADCT) and replacement (ADCR) were calculated. Total investment for an injured bull equaled the sum of salvage value, maintenance cost, and expected cost of the treatment option under consideration. Total investment for a replacement bull was purchase price. Net present value of cost was calculated for each year of bull use. Sensitivity analyses were constructed to determine the value that would warrant treatment of an injured bull.

Results
The decision to treat was indicated when ADCT was less than ADCR. In our example, it was more cost-effective for owners to cull an injured bull. The ADCR was $97 less than ADCT for medical treatment ($365 vs $462) and $280 less than ADCT for surgical treatment ($365 vs $645). Likewise, net present value of cost values indicated that it was more cost-effective for owners to cull an injured bull. Sensitivity analysis indicated treatment decisions were justified on the basis of replacement value or planned number of breeding seasons remaining for the bull.

Clinical Implications
The model described here can be used by practitioners to provide an objective basis to guide decision making of owners who seek advice on whether to treat or replace bulls with preputial prolapse. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:856–859)
Epiglottic augmentation for treatment of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in racehorses: 59 cases (1985–1994)
Authors: Tulleners Eric , Stick John A. , Leitch Midge , Trumble Troy N. , Wilkerson Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether epiglottic augmentation, in conjunction with more traditional surgical methods, would be useful in the treatment of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in racehorses.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
40 Thoroughbred and 19 Standardbred racehorses.

Procedure
Polytetrafluoroethylene paste was injected submucosally on the lingual epiglottic surface of each horse. In addition, sternothyrohyoideus myectomy or sternothyroideus tenectomy and staphylectomy were performed in most horses.

Results
Racing performance was improved after surgery in 29 of 40 (73%) Thoroughbreds and 10 of 19 (53%) Standardbreds. Twenty-nine (49%) horses won ≥ 1 race after surgery.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that epiglottic augmentation, in conjunction with other surgical methods, may be an effective method of treating horses with poor racing performance attributable to dorsal displacement of the soft palate. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1022–1028)
Efficacy of parenteral administration of three antimicrobial agents in treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows: 487 cases (1989-1995)
Authors: Pyörälä Satu Hanna Kaarina , Pyörälä Erkki Olavi 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of parenteral administration of procaine penicillin G, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin in the treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows.

Design
Noncontrolled, clinical retrospective study.

Animals
487 cows with mastitis involving 543 quarters.

Procedure
Clinical signs, histories, and results of bacteriologic examination, somatic cell count, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity of milk samples taken before and 3 to 4 weeks after treatment were retrieved from hospital records. Cows treated parenterally with procaine penicillin G, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin for 3 to 5 days were included. Supportive treatment alone was given to 35 cows infected with Escherichia coli. Factors possibly affecting outcome were analyzed, using ANOVA, correlation analyses, and the Mann-Whitney test. χ2 Test was used to compare bacteriologic cure rates.

Results
Bacteriologic cure rates for mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and streptococci were 34, 76, and 65%, respectively. Cure rates in cows in their first lactation and infected with S aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were significantly higher than those for older cows. In cows with mastitis caused by E coli, the cure rate was 74% for those treated with penicillin G and 71% for those not treated with antimicrobials. High N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity in milk samples obtained at initial examination indicated a poor outcome in S aureus and streptococcal mastitis. Cows infected in the early lactation period had more severe inflammatory responses and clinical signs if infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci and coliforms.

Clinical Implications
3 to 5 days of treatment with parenterally administered penicillin G for clinical mastitis caused by penicillin-susceptible S aureus strains is efficacious in young cows. Parenteral administration of spiramycin or enrofloxacin does not give satisfactory results in mastitis caused by penicillin-resistant S aureus. Use of antimicrobials in the treatment of mastitis caused by coliform bacteria is questionable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:407-412)
Ocular lesions in horses with lymphosarcoma: 21 cases(1977-1997)
Authors: Rebhun William C. , Piero Fabio Del 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the most common ocular lesions in horses with lymphosarcoma.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
79 horses histologically confirmed to have lymphosarcoma.

Procedure
Ophthalmic examinations were performed by a single individual.

Results
21 of 79 horses had lesions involving the eye or ocular adnexa. Infiltration of the palpebral conjunctiva and eyelids was the most common lesion (n = 11). Other lesions included uveitis (n = 4), corneoscleral masses (2), third eyelid masses (2), and diffuse retrobulbar infiltrates (2).

Clinical Implications
In horses with lymphosarcoma, ocular lesions may precede or be more obvious than lymph node enlargement or signs of visceral involvement. Early recognition of ocular lesions suggestive of lymphosarcoma may allow a more rapid diagnosis of lymphosarcoma in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:852-854)
Effects of an allicin-based product on cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves
Authors: Olson Erik J. , Epperson William B. , Zeman David H. , Fayer Ronald , Hildreth Michael B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate effectiveness of an allicin-based product in neonatal calves inoculated with Cryptosporidium parvum.

Design
Randomized controlled study.

Animals
43 neonatal calves.

Procedure
Calves were inoculated with 1.5 × l06 or 7.5 × 105 C parvum oocysts within 2 days after birth. Calves were given an allicin-based product once after inoculation or daily for 7 days after inoculation or were not treated. Calves that developed diarrhea were treated by administration of the product. Fecal consistency scores and weight gains were statistically evaluated.

Results
Mean daily weight gain and severity of diarrhea in calves 4 to 21 days old were unaffected by prophylactic use of the product. However, intensive prophylactic administration may have delayed onset of C parvum-induced diarrhea in calves inoculated with the lower dose of oocysts.

Clinical Implications
Administration of an allicin-based product did not alter duration of C parvum-induced diarrhea or enhance weight gain in neonatal calves. However, intensive prophylactic administration of an allicin-based product may delay onset of diarrhea in calves exposed to C parvum oocysts. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:987–990)
Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation during late pregnancy on lamb mortality and ewe productivity
Authors: Kott Rodney W , Thomas Verl M. , Hatfield Patrick G. , Evans Tim , Davis Kathleen C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the effect of feeding vitamin E to ewes during late pregnancy on lamb mortality and ewe productivity.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
1,302 mature Rambouillet and Targhee ewes.

Procedure
During a 3-year period, approximately 430 ewes/y were randomly allocated to 2 groups; supplement-group ewes were fed additional vitamin E and control-group ewes were not. Beginning approximately 3 weeks before the first expected lambing date, ewes were fed 2.3 kg (5 lb) of alfalfa-grass hay/d and 0.23 kg (0.5 lb) of barley-based pellets/d with or without supplemental vitamin E. Pellets that were supplemented contained 1,450 mg of dl-α-tocopherol acetate/kg (658 mg/lb) of feed and provided an additional 330 IU of vitamin E/ewe/d. Selenium was incorporated into a trace mineral salt and fed free choice to all ewes throughout pregnancy.

Results
Supplemental vitamin E had no effect on ewe weight, body condition score, fertility, or prolificacy. In ewes that lambed in the early part of the lambing season, vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced lamb mortality, compared with no supplementation (12 vs 17%, respectively). Consequently, supplement-group ewes had significantly greater total body weight of lambs per ewe at the time of weaning, compared with control-group ewes. Differences were not observed between ewe groups in lamb mortality or total body weight of lambs per ewe at the time of weaning when ewes lambed during the late part of the lambing season.

Clinical Implications
If ewes are fed additional vitamin E 3 weeks before parturition, those that lamb in the early part of the lambing season may have low lamb mortality and, thus, higher total body weight of lambs per ewe at the time of weaning. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212:997–1000)
Evaluation of microcytosis in 18 Shibas
Authors: Gookin Jody L. , Bunch Susan E. , Rush Laura J. , Grindem Carol B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether microcytosis is a typical finding in Shibas.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
18 Shibas.

Procedure
Blood and serum samples were obtained for automated hematologic analyses (18 dogs) and for determination of ferritin concentration, using ELISA (14 dogs). Blood samples from 30 clinically normal dogs of various other breeds was analyzed to establish a reference range for ferritin concentration.

Results
Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume in Shibas ranged from 55.6 to 69.1 fl (mean ± SD, 61.2 ± 4.3 fl; median, 60.6 fl; reference range, 63 to 73 fl). Microcytosis was identified in 12 of 18 dogs. Males and females were affected equally. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was slightly low (range, 32.0 to 33.9%; reference range, 34 to 38%) in 6 dogs, 4 of which had microcytic RBC. Serum ferritin concentrations ranged from 61.2 to 277.0 ng/ml (mean ± SD, 110.6 ± 51.4 ng/ml; median, 106 ng/ml). Reference range for serum ferritin concentration was 50.7 to 440.0 ng/ml (mean ± SD, 121.2 ± 67.1 ng/ml; median, 111.5 ng/ml). Thrombocytopenia (range, 110,000 to 196,000 platelets; reference range, 200,000 to 450,000 platelets) was found in 7 dogs, 6 of which also had microcytic RBC.

Clinical Implications
Microcytosis can be a typical finding in Shibas. Common origin of Shibas and Akitas, a breed predisposed to microcytosis, suggests a hereditary basis for this finding. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;212: 1258–1259)
Association between hyperadrenocorticism and development of calcium-containing uroliths in dogs with urolithiasis
Authors: Hess Rebecka S. , Kass Philip H. , Ward Cynthia R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine, among dogs with urolithiasis, whether dogs that had hyperadrenocorticism would be more likely to have calcium-containing uroliths than would dogs that did not have clinical evidence of hyperadrenocorticism.

Design
Retrospective case-control study.

Animals
20 dogs that had urolithiasis and hyperadrenocorticism and 42 breed-matched dogs that had urolithiasis but did not have clinical evidence of hyperadrenocortiosm.

Procedure
Signalment, urolith composition, results of bacterial culture of urine, and results of adrenal axis tests were recorded. A multivariate logistic regression model was created, including terms for age, sex, and hyperadrenocorticism. The outcome variable was presence or absence of calcium-containing uroliths.

Results
Among dogs with urolithiasis, those that had hyperadrenocorticism were 10 times as likely to have calcium-containing uroliths as were dogs that did not have clinical evidence of hyperadrenocorticism (odds ratio, 10.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 23.4) Neutered and sexually intact females were less likely to have calcium-containing uroliths than were neutered males (odds ratios, 0.041 [95% confidence interval, 0.0057 to 0.29] and 0.024 [95% confidence interval, 0.0012 to 0.5], respectively).

Clinical Implications
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hyperadrenocorticism may decrease prevalence of calcium-containing uroliths in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998:212:1889–1891)
Effects of tilmicosin on acute undifferentiated respiratory tract disease in newly arrived feedlot cattle
Authors: Vogel Gary J. , Laudert Scott B. , Zimmermann Alan , Guthrie Carl A. , Mechor Gerald D. , Moore Gregory M. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
To evaluate effects of tilmicosin when used in fever-based and metaphylactic treatment programs to attenuate acute undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle that recently arrived at feedlots, and to evaluate the effects of tilmicosin for the treatment of BRD.

Design
Randomized-block controlled study.

Animals
1,639 calves from livestock auctions.

Procedures
Cattle were assigned to 3 groups. Cattle in the nonmedicated (control) group were not given antibiotics during processing. Cattle in the fever-based treatment group were given tilmicosin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb] of body weight, SC) during processing when their rectal temperature was ≥ 40 C (104 F). All cattle in the metaphylactic treatment group were given tilmicosin (10 mg/kg, SC) during processing. Calves with BRD were treated with tilmicosin (10 mg/kg, SC).

Results
Morbidity rates in the metaphylactic (30.4%) and fever-based (44.7%) treatment groups were less than that for the nonmedicated group (54.8%). Mortality rate for the metaphylactic group during the first 28 days (1.1%) and during the entire study (1.7%) was less than that for the nonmedicated group (3.3 and 4.6%, respectively). Differences were not observed in therapeutic response rates among calves with BRD that were treated.

Clinical Implications
Fever-based and metaphylactic treatment programs that used tilmicosin decreased the prevalence of BRD and improved growth of calves. Metaphylactic treatment decreased the number of fatalities caused by BRD in high-risk calves. Fever-based treatment was less effective than metaphylactic treatment for decreasing the prevalence of BRD in newly arrived cattle. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998,212:1919–1924)
Comparison of effects of elective tenectomy or onychectomy in cats
Authors: Jankowski Arthur J. , Brown Dorothy C. , Duval Julie , Gregor Thomas P. , Strine Laurie E. , Ksiazek Leanne M. , Ott Amy Haines 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare short- and long-term complications after tenectomy of the deep digital flexor tendons or onychectomy and owner satisfaction with these surgical procedures.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Animals
20 cats undergoing tenectomy and 18 cats undergoing onychectomy.

Procedure
Cats undergoing tenectomy or onychectomy were monitored for a minimum of 5 months to enable comparison of type and frequency of complications. Owner satisfaction was also assessed.

Results
Cats undergoing tenectomy had significantly lower pain scores 24 hours after surgery, compared with those undergoing onychectomy. Type and frequency of other complications did not differ between procedures. Owners appeared to be less satisfied with the tenectomy procedure than with the onychectomy procedure, although scores for satisfaction with each procedure were not significantly different.

Clinical Implications
Owners should be aware of the high complication rate for both procedures and of the need for constant trimming of claws of cats that have undergone tenectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:370-373)
Comparison of diagnostic methods for detection of active infection with Tritrichomonas foetus in beef heifers
Authors: Kittel Daniel R. , Campero Carlos , Van Hoosear Karen A. , Rhyan Jack C. , BonDurant Robert H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare sensitivity of a generic trypticase-yeast extract-maltose (TYM) medium versus a commercial nutrient medium in the diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in heifers and to assess sensitivity when incubation of samples inoculated into commercial medium pouches is delayed overnight.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
30 virgin beef heifers.

Procedures
20 heifers vaccinated with a trichomonad antigen and 10 unvaccinated control heifers were exposed at synchronized estrus by intravaginal instillation of 106 T foetus organisms. Cervicovaginal mucus samples were collected every other week for 10 weeks from controls and once (10 weeks after exposure) from vaccinated heifers. Samples were inoculated into both media and immediately incubated at 37 C (98.6 F). A duplicate inoculation from controls was made into commercial medium, and the pouch was shipped overnight to a diagnostic laboratory without prior incubation.

Results
For 40 of 50 samples from control heifers, there was agreement on diagnoses between media. There was agreement on a positive diagnosis for 3 of 20 samples from vaccinated heifers and on a negative diagnosis for 15 of these 20 samples. For samples shipped overnight before incubation, there were 10% fewer positive diagnoses, compared with samples incubated immediately in commercial medium and 10% more positive diagnoses, compared with samples immediately incubated in TYM.

Clinical Implications
Use of the commercial medium is a more sensitive indicator of current infection in heifers than use of generic TYM medium. In herds where infection prevalence is high, this method is likely to identify more infected females, an important consideration when control programs include culling of infected cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:519-522)