bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody responses against B‐cell epitopes of the hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus in self‐limiting and chronic human hepatitis C followed‐up using consensus peptides
Authors: Isaguliants Maria G. , Widell Anders , Zhang Shumin M. , Sidorchuk Anna , Levi Michael , Smirnov Valerii D. , Santantonio Teresa , Diepolder Helmut M. , Pape Gerd R. , Nordenfelt Erik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rare collection of serum samples from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection followed up from the onset of clinical symptoms was acquired. RNA corresponding to the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of E2 protein of HCV isolated from nine patients was reverse‐transcribed, amplified, sequenced, and HVR1 amino acid sequences were deduced. These sequences and a selection of HVR1 amino acid sequences of matching HCV genotypes from protein and translated DNA sequence databanks were used to create the HVR1 amino acid consensus. The degenerated peptides mimicking N‐ and C‐termini of the consensus were synthesized. Most (76%) of 17 patients followed up for the period from 1 week to a minimum of 7 months from the onset of acute symptoms developed antibodies reacting with peptides representing N‐ and/or C‐ termini of HVR1. Antibody recognition of the consensus HVR1 peptides indicates that the variability of HVR1 sequence on the protein level is limited with certain conserved structure(s) being untouched. A tendency was observed for a slower development of anti‐HVR1 antibody response in patients developing chronic HCV, as compared to those with self‐limiting HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 66:204–217, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HHV‐8 subtypes in South Africa: Identification of a case suggesting a novel B variant
Authors: Treurnicht Florette K. , Engelbrecht Susan , Taylor Maureen B. , Schneider Johan W. , van Rensburg Estrelita Janse 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) has been identified as the causative agent for all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma and is also associated with the development of body cavity‐based B‐cell lymphomas and multicentric Castleman's disease. HHV‐8 genomes are now classified into five major subtypes (A–E) that reflect sequence heterogeneity in the highly variable open reading frame (ORF) K1. To identify HHV‐8 subtypes associated with different forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, we compared the ORF 26 and ORF‐K1 gene sequences from South African patients with the prototype strains of the major subtypes, as well as published sequences from other African strains. DNA prepared from Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies and/or peripheral blood lymphocytes were available from 14 patients with postrenal transplant (iatrogenic) Kaposi's sarcoma, six patients with the African endemic form, and one patient with AIDS‐related body cavity‐based B‐cell lymphoma. We identified a B2 subtype in six patients, four of whom also had a novel B5 type ORF 26 polymorphism. Two patients had B2 type patterns for both the ORF 26 and ORF‐K1 genes. The ORF‐K1 subtype A5 was identified in samples from three patients with a B3/C2 type polymorphism in the ORF 26 gene. A novel ORF‐K1 B variant strain was identified in a patient with African endemic Kaposi's sarcoma, who also had a B3/C2 class ORF 26 pattern. In 58.3% of iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma patients, a B5‐type ORF 26 gene sequence pattern was identified. No association was found among particular subtypes, geographical origin of patients, or clinical presentation. J. Med. Virol. 66:235–240, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Routine use of real‐time quantitative PCR for laboratory diagnosis of Epstein‐Barr virus infections
Authors: Brengel‐Pesce Karen , Morand Patrice , Schmuck Anne , Bourgeat Marie‐Josette , Buisson Marlyse , Barguès Gérard , Bouzid Makhlouf , Seigneurin Jean‐Marie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReal‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the LightCycler instrument (LC‐PCR) was developed to measure the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) load in clinical samples. LC‐PCR detected two copies of the EBV genome per 500 ng of DNA. Its specificity was confirmed by assays in EBV‐negative cell lines, other human herpesviruses and EBV‐seronegative individuals. Excellent inter‐assay reproducibility of LC‐PCR was obtained in 43 samples (r = 0.983). LC‐PCR results were compared with a routinely used ELISA‐PCR of 150 samples and a good correlation was found (r = 0.956). A total of 88 individuals were studied, including healthy EBV‐seropositive adults (n = 32), patients with EBV‐associated disease (n = 34), and HIV‐infected patients (n = 22); 37.5% of PBMC samples from healthy individuals contained EBV DNA, while no serum sample was positive. The viral load was significantly higher in PBMCS and saliva specimens in patients recently infected with HIV (19 and 39,400 copies/μg DNA, respectively), as well as in AIDS patients (122 and 331,130 copies/μg DNA) than in the control population (0 and 35 copies/μg DNA). This study confirmed that EBV load measurement with LC‐PCR is helpful in the management of EBV‐related post‐transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders and probably of EBV‐associated primary central nervous system B‐cell lymphoma. J. Med. Virol. 66:360‐369, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular tropisms and co‐receptor usage of HIV‐1 isolates from vertically infected children with neurological abnormalities and rapid disease progression
Authors: McCarthy Micheline , He Jun , Auger Denise , Geffin Rebeca , Woodson Cristina , Hutto Cecelia , Wood Charles , Scott Gwendolyn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe longitudinal evolution of HIV‐1 phenotypes was studied in a cohort of six vertically infected children with early onset and rapid progression of clinical disease. Among 30 viral isolates obtained from peripheral blood, tropisms for both human blood‐derived cells (macrophages, T‐lymphocytes), and for human neural (brain‐derived) cells (microglia, astrocytes) were determined, as was chemokine co‐receptor usage. All children harbored from birth macrophage‐tropic isolates using the CCR5 co‐receptor. Two children later developed T‐cell tropic isolates with CXCR4 and CCR3 usage. While all six patients developed neurological abnormalities, only three produced neural cell tropic isolates, which used CCR5. However, early and persistent finding of both astrocyte‐ and microglia‐tropic isolates in one patient did associate with the most rapid progression to brain atrophy among the six patients. Viral phenotypic properties determined in cell culture did not specifically predict clinical features or course, and the development of AIDS did not coincide with, or depend on, the appearance T‐tropic, syncytia‐inducing viruses. J. Med. Virol. 67:1–8, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical modelling of anisotropy and eddy current effects in ferromagnetic laminations using a co‐energy formulation
Authors: Dupré L. R. , Van Keer R. , Melkebeek J. A. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper deals with a numerical model for the evaluation of electromagnetic fields in one steel lamination under the influence of a rotating magnetic flux, taking into account anisotropy effects. For this purpose a detailed material model, described by a differential permeability tensor, is included in the macroscopic electromagnetic field calculations in one lamination. Here, by geometrical and physical considerations, the governing Maxwell equations are reduced to a system of parabolic PDEs for the components of the magnetic field vector, under appropriate boundary and initial conditions. We present a suitable numerical approximation based upon a finite element–finite difference method, which properly takes into account the material characteristics. The study leads to a more realistic numerical modelling of the electromagnetic phenomena inside electric and magnetic conducting laminations due to anisotropy effects. Numerical results are compared with those from simplified analytical formulae. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the iron chelator desferrioxamine on manganese‐induced toxicity of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells
Authors: Roth Jerome A. , Feng Li , Dolan Kevin G. , Lis Agnieszka , Garrick Michael D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlterations in iron levels are likely to influence the biological actions of Mn in PC12 cells, because both metals are transported via the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1; also Nramp2 or DCT1). Studies were performed to determine the effect of the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DfO) on Mn‐induced PC12 cell death and neuronal differentiation. Cell death almost doubled when PC12 cells were exposed for 24 hr to both DfO (10 μM) and Mn (0.3 mM) as opposed to Mn alone. DfO also stimulated Mn‐induced neuronal differentiation by enhancing the phosphorylation of both ERK1 and 2 and also attenuated the increase in caspase 3‐like activity induced by 0.3 mM Mn by approximately 50%, indicating that caspase activation, as reported previously, does not contribute to Mn‐induced PC12 cell death. DfO also affected Mn‐induced suppression of mitochondrial function as indicated by an additional 16% loss of ATP formation in PC12 cells cotreated with 0.3 mM Mn. Because sequestration of iron by DfO would be expected to lead to increased transport of Mn, studies were performed to determine whether iron inhibited Mn transport in PC12 cells. Iron inhibited 54Mn transport with an IC50 of approximately 20 μM. In addition, coincubation of DfO with Mn in PC12 cells resulted in increased expression of both the iron response element‐positive and the iron response element‐negative forms of DMT1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that iron status is likely to have a direct effect on the uptake and biological actions of Mn and probably other divalent metals that are transported by DMT1. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of mouse igf2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 and its implications for the developing central nervous system
Authors: Mori Hiroshi , Sakakibara Shin‐ichi , Imai Takao , Nakamura Yuki , Iijima Takatoshi , Suzuki Akira , Yuasa Yoshihiro , Takeda Masatoshi , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFunctional analyses of neural RNA‐binding proteins have focused mainly on their roles as modulators of posttranscriptional gene regulation, e.g., alternative splicing, dendritic mRNA localization, and local translation. Here we identified a mouse homologue of human IMP3, which is known to bind to and repress the translation of igf2 leader 3 mRNA. The mouse igf2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (mIMP3) is a member of the zipcode binding protein‐1 (ZBP‐1) family previously reported in chick fibroblast cells. mIMP3 was expressed in undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells and some postmitotic neurons at early embryonic stages (E10.5–E12.5), and its expression level decreased after the midembryonic stage (E12.5) until birth. The expression profile of mIMP3 is very similar to that of mouse igf2 leader 3 mRNA. In vitro UV cross‐linking experiments showed that mIMP3 preferentially bound to igf2 leader 3 mRNA rather than igf2 leader 4 mRNA and did not bind the zipcode region of β‐actin or c‐myc mRNA. Furthermore, persistent expression of mIMP3 protein in an undifferentiated P19 cell line revealed that mIMP3 inhibited neuronal differentiation morphologically and immunohistochemically. Taken together, these observations raise the possibility that mIMP3 represses neuronal differentiation through the regulation of igf2 mRNA expression. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:132–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor triggers a rapid glutamate release through increase of intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ in cultured cerebellar neurons
Authors: Numakawa T. , Matsumoto T. , Adachi N. , Yokomaku D. , Kojima M. , Takei N. , Hatanaka H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe reported previously that BDNF induced glutamate release was dependent on intracellular Ca2+ but not extracellular Ca2+ in cerebellar neurons (Numakawa et al., 1999). It was revealed that the release was through a non‐exocytotic pathway (Takei et al., 1998; Numakawa et al., 1999). In the present study, we monitored the dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ in cerebellar neurons, and investigated the possibility of reverse transport of glutamate mediated by BDNF. As reported, BDNF increased the intracellular Ca2+ level. We found that the Ca2+ increase induced by BDNF was completely blocked by xestospongin C, an IP3 receptor antagonist, and U‐73122, a PLC‐γ inhibitor. Xestospongin C and U‐73122 also blocked the BDNF‐dependent glutamate release, suggesting that the BDNF‐induced transient increase of Ca2+ through the activation of the PLC‐γ/ IP3 pathway was essential for the glutamate release. We found that BDNF induced a Na+ influx. This was blocked by treatment with TTX. U‐73122 and xestospongin C blocked the BDNF‐induced Na+ influx, suggesting that the Na+influx required the BDNF‐induced Ca2+ increase. Next, we examined the possibility that a co‐transporter of Na+ and glutamate was involved in the BDNF‐induced glutamate release. BDNF‐induced glutamate release was blocked by L‐trans‐pyrollidine‐2,4‐dicalboxylic acid (t‐PDC), a glutamate transporter inhibitor, whereas neither the 4‐aminopyridine (4AP)‐ nor high potassium (HK+)‐induced release was blocked by t‐PDC. In addition, DL‐threo‐β‐benzyloxyaspartate (DL‐TBOA) also blocked the BDNF‐mediated glutamate release, suggesting that reverse transport of glutamate may be involved. All the results therefore suggest that Na+‐dependent reverse transport contributes to BDNF‐mediated transmitter release through the PLC‐γ/IP3‐mediated Ca2+ signaling. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:96–108, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212‐2 inhibits rat cortical dialysate γ‐aminobutyric acid levels
Authors: Ferraro Luca , Tomasini Maria Cristina , Cassano Tommaso , Bebe Berta Wonjie , Siniscalchi Anna , O'Connor William Thomas , Magee Pamela , Tanganelli Sergio , Cuomo Vincenzo , Antonelli Tiziana 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212‐2 (0.1–5 mg/kg i.p.) on endogenous extracellular γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the cerebral cortex of the awake rat was investigated by using microdialysis. WIN 55,212‐2 (1 and 5 mg/kg i.p.) was associated with a concentration‐dependent decrease in dialysate GABA levels (–16% ± 4% and –26% ± 4% of basal values, respectively). The WIN 55,212‐2 (5 mg/kg i.p.) induced‐inhibition was counteracted by a dose (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) of the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A, which by itself was without effect on cortical GABA levels. These findings suggest that cannabinoids decrease cortical GABA levels in vivo, an action that might underlie some of the cognitive and behavioral effects of acute exposure to marijuana. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:298–302, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of 360 degree feedback ratings: relationships with each other and with performance and selection predictors
Authors: Beehr Terry A. , Ivanitskaya Lana , Hansen Curtiss P. , Erofeev Dmitry , Gudanowski David M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFeedback from 360 degree ratings based on competency principles and used for developmental purposes was investigated for interrelationships among the ratings and for its relationships with performance and selection data. Relationships among: (1) feedback ratings from supervisors, peers, and self; (2) feedback ratings and selection test data; and (3) feedback ratings and performance appraisals on about 2000 employees of a Midwestern insurance company were examined. The 360 ratings by peers and managers were related to performance appraisals. All significant correlations of manager and peer ratings with selection tests were positive, but significant correlations of 360 degree self‐ratings with selection tests were negative. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Team reward attitude: construct development and initial validation
Authors: Shaw Jason D. , Duffy Michelle K. , Stark Eric M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reports the development of a team reward attitude construct and intial validation of a measure in a longitudinal study of team members (initial n = 566). Confirmatory factor analysis results provide support for a revised 9‐item scale in two different time periods separated by four months. The measure was positively related to other team‐related attitudes (preference for group work and perceived efficacy of teams) and locus of control, and negatively related to a proxy for ability. Implications of the research and future research directions are addressed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiple motive perspective on strike propensities
Authors: Martin James E. , Sinclair Robert R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStrike propensities refer to the extent to which union members are willing to engage in strikes. The present paper identifies four motivational explanations for individual propensity to strike: social exchange relationships between member and union, and member and company, economic circumstances, and social status. These four models complement each other, and together permit substantial integration of previous literature as well as suggesting new antecedents of strike propensities. We evaluated each model using survey data from 2548 unionized retail employees. While the economic model explained the most variance in strike propensity, each model accounted for a significant amount of unique variation in the members' strike propensities. Our organizational framework of the motivational explanations of strike propensity into four distinct but complementary motivational models and our addition of new predictor variables represent our study's major contributions. Implications for strike research and union member–union relations are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winter temperature covariances in the middle and the lower troposphere over Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lolis C.J. , Bartzokas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work, the variability and covariability of winter temperatures in the middle and the lower troposphere are studied over Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean. Temperature variations of the middle and the lower troposphere are examined in terms of (a) 500–700 hPa and 700–l000 hPa thickness and (b) air temperature on the isobaric surfaces of 500 hPa and 700 hPa. At first, factor analysis (FA) defined areas with characteristic temperature variability in each layer (and on each isobaric surface) and then, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed areas in both layers (and on both isobaric surfaces) presenting common temperature variations. A temperature see‐saw between N Europe and W Asia was revealed for both layers and isobaric surfaces implying that temperature changes in these areas are vertically spread. Another well‐defined area, appearing in both analyses, is the area of the Labrador Sea and S Greenland. This region is also teleconnected to other regions, though not very clearly in every height. These temperature patterns are mainly attributed to the Eurasian (EU) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) circulation patterns, which are responsible for large air mass exchanges in the area, being vertically extended in the middle and the lower troposphere. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Principal modes of interannual and decadal variability of summer rainfall over South America
Authors: Zhou Jiayu , Lau K.‐M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) product together with the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) reanalysis and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) sea‐surface temperature (SST) data, we have conducted a diagnostic study of the interannual and decadal scale variability of principal modes of summer rainfall over South America for the period 1979–1995. By filtering the annual and short (<12 months) time‐scale variations, results of empirical orthogonal function analysis show three leading modes of rainfall variation identified with interannual, decadal and long‐term variability. Together, these modes explain more than half the total variance of the filtered data.The first mode is highly correlated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), showing a regional rainfall anomaly pattern largely consistent with previous results. This mode captures the summer season interannual variability, not only the Northeast Brazil drought but also its connection with excessive rainfall over Southern Brazil and the Ecuador coast in El Niño years. Another distinctive feature is the strengthening of the low‐level flow along the eastern foothills of the eastern Andes, signifying an enhancement of the South American summer monsoon in response to an El Niño anomaly.The decadal variation displays a meridional shift of the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which is tied to the anomalous cross‐equatorial SST gradient over the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. Associated with this mode is a large‐scale mass swing between polar regions and the mid‐latitudes. Over the South Atlantic and the South Pacific, the anomalous subtropical high and the associated anomalous surface wind are dynamically consistent with the distribution of local SST anomalies, suggesting the importance of atmospheric forcing at the decadal time scale.The long‐term variation shows that since 1980 there has been a decrease of rainfall from the northwest coast to the southeast subtropical region and a southwards shift of the Atlantic ITCZ, leading to increased rainfall over northern and eastern Brazil. Possible links of this mode to the observed SST warming trend over the subtropical South Atlantic and to the interdecadal SST variation over the extratropical North Atlantic are discussed. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Statistical downscaling relationships for precipitation in the Netherlands and North Germany
Authors: Beckmann Björn‐R. , Adri Buishand T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe statistical linkage of daily precipitation to the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data is described for De Bilt and Maastricht (Netherlands), and for Hamburg, Hanover and Berlin (Germany), using daily data for the period 1968–97. Two separate models were used to describe the daily precipitation at a particular site: an additive logistic model for rainfall occurrence and a generalized additive model for wet‐day rainfall. Several dynamical variables and atmospheric moisture were included as predictor variables. The relative humidity at 700 hPa was considered as the moisture variable for rainfall occurrence modelling. For rainfall amount modelling, two options were compared: (i) the use of the specific humidity at 700 hPa, and (ii) the use of both the relative humidity at 700 hPa and precipitable water.An application is given with data from a time‐dependent greenhouse gas forcing experiment using the coupled ECHAM4/OPYC3 atmosphere–ocean general circulation model for the periods 1968–97 and 2070–99. The fitted statistical relationships were used to estimate the changes in the mean number of wet days and the mean rainfall amounts for the winter and summer halves of the year at De Bilt, Hanover and Berlin. A decrease in the mean number of wet days was found. Despite this decrease, an increase in the mean seasonal rainfall amounts is predicted if specific humidity is used in the model for wet‐day rainfall. This is caused by the larger atmospheric water content in the future climate. The effect of the increased atmospheric moisture is smaller if the alternative wet‐day rainfall amount model with precipitable water and relative humidity is applied. Except for an anomalous change in mean winter rainfall at Hanover, the estimated changes from the latter model correspond quite well with those from the ECHAM4/OPYC3 model.Despite the flexibility of generalized additive models, the rainfall amount model systematically overpredicts the mean rainfall amounts in situations where extreme rainfall could be expected. Interaction between predictor effects has to be incorporated to reduce this bias. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society