bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of primary nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate: I‐Effect of supersaturation
Authors: El‐Shall H. , Jeon Jin‐hwan , Abdel‐Aal E. A. , Khan S. , Gower L. , Rabinovich Y. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThere are various organic and inorganic constituents in kidney stones. Among them, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary inorganic constituent of kidney stones. However, the mechanisms of formation of kidney stones are not well understood. In this regard, a basic study is carried out for better understanding of nucleation, crystal growth and/or aggregation of formed COM crystals. The primary nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate is studied at the laboratory scale using turbidity measurements. Calcium chloride and potassium oxalate solutions are mixed and then added to a Turbidimeter tube for continuous recording of turbidity. Induction time (time to induce formation of detectable crystals) is estimated from time‐turbidity graphs. The effect of some urinary species, such as oxalate and calcium, on nucleation and crystallization characteristics of COM is determined by particle size distribution analysis, measuring weight of crystals and calculation of relative supersaturation. The classical nucleation theory is applied at high supersaturation ratios (SR) ranging from 1.6 to 2.2. The results indicate that nucleation rate increases with increasing supersaturation ratio from 0.81 × 1028 nuclei/cm3.sec at 1.6 SR, to 18.02 × 1028 nuclei/cm3.sec at 2.2 SR. On the other hand, free energy change and radius of critical nucleus are decreased as supersaturation ratio is increased. The nucleation rates are higher than those reported in literature. Such discrepancy is discussed on the bases of differences in experimental techniques. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of cadmium on crystallization of calcium phosphates
Authors: Lundager Madsen H. E. , Abbona F. , Barrese E. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe precipitation of calcium phosphates in the presence of increasing cadmium amount was studied at 25 °C in dilute ammoniacal solutions ([Ca] = [P] = 0.005 M). An amorphous precipitate, an apatite‐like calcium phosphate and the compound Cd5H2(PO4)4·4H2O are found according to pH and Cd concentration. The nucleation of hydroxyapatite is greatly delayed by cadmium, which influences also its crystallinity, but the effect tends to vanish with time. The role of cadmium is discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐temperature heat capacity and lattice anharmonicity of LiGaO2
Authors: Neumann H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe first three even moments of the phonon density of states of LiGaO2and the anharmonic contribution to the heat capacity at constant volume of the compound are estimated from experimental heat capacity data. The effect of lattice anharmonicity is discussed in terms of perturbation theory. The temperature dependent principal Grüneisen functions of LiGaO2are calculated. The results obtained for LiGaO2are compared with existing literature for other ternary lithium compounds. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Voltage‐current characteristics of Bi‐2223 superconducting tape near Tc under γ irradiation
Authors: Kayed T. S. , Ercan I. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractVoltage‐current characteristics at four different applied magnetic fields (7, 20, 30, and 40 mT) of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconducting tape were measured in the temperature range from 100 to 115 K. They were also measured at zero magnetic field before and after γ irradiations up to 10 MRad at different temperatures just below the critical temperature. The data were fitted to a power law expression V = I β(T) in which the exponential parameter β under 20 mT field and after irradiation is found to fluctuate around three and then drops to unity near the critical temperature which may be interpreted as a sign of Kosterlitz‐Thouless transition. The electrical properties of the tape were found to be very sensitive to γ irradiation where most of the changes take place in low γ doses. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, thermal and optical characterizations of a NLO material: L‐alaninium oxalate
Authors: Dhanuskodi S. , Vasantha K. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn organic electro‐optic and nonlinear optical (NLO) material, L‐alaninium oxalate, was synthesized by the standard method. The synthesized material was purified by repeated recrystallization. Single crystals were grown by the slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were transparent and had optimum dimensions (20 × 3 × 2 mm3) and were characterized by single crystal XRD, FT‐NMR, FT‐IR, TGA‐DTA and UV‐Vis‐NIR techniques. The second harmonic generation (SHG) from the material was confirmed using Nd:YAG laser. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal structure of DL‐Tryptophan at 173K
Authors: Hübschle Ch. B. , Messerschmidt M. , Luger P. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe crystal structure of pure DL‐tryptophan has been determined at 173 K, using large but thin plate formed crystals of C11H12N2O2, which were grown by cooling down a saturated solution of DL‐tryptophan in isopropanole / formic acid. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P 21/c, with the unit cell constants: a = 18.899(2), b = 5.7445(6), c = 9.309(1) Å, β = 101.776(2), V = 989.4(4) , Dcalc = 1.371, Z = 4, F(000) = 432, λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 Å, μ = 0.096 mm‐1. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full‐matrix least squares to a final R‐factor = 4.03 % with 3343 unique reflections of which 2104 were observed. The molecule is zwitterionic in the crystal with the protonated amino group and the carboxylate group in unusual conformations with respect to the indole ring system compared to other tryptophan derivatives. A D‐ and L‐ molecular pair forms a dimer by N – H … O hydrogen bonds via a crystallographic inversion center. The dimers are linked by further N – H … O hydrogen bonds to form a head to head bilayer arrangement of the molecules in the crystal lattice. Except for weak van der Waals contacts there is no relation between indole tails of neighboured bilayers. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallization and structural studies of n‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L‐tyrosine‐L‐glycine‐ethyl ester (Z‐Tyr‐Gly‐OEt)
Authors: Nallini A. , Saraboji K. , Ponnuswamy M. N. , Katti S. B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractIt is axiomatic that efficient crystal production reflects upon the quality of structure. An empirical relation for mass proportions of two solvents in crystallization of Z‐Tyr‐Gly‐OEt shows a linear relationship. The dipeptide crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P212121, with cell parameters a = 5.0680(1) Å, b = 13.8650(1) Å and c = 28.2630(1) Å, Z = 4, Dcalc= 1.339Mg/m3, μ=0.820mm‐1, F000=848, CuKα = 1.5418 Å. The structure was solved by direct methods and final R1 and wR2 are 0.444 and 0.1276, respectively. The structure analysis reveals the trans conformation of the peptide unit with ω = ‐178.2(5)°, implying only a slight deviation from planarity. The torsion angles at glycine [ϕ, ψ = ‐84.4(7)°, 179.9(5)°] are characteristic of left‐handed poly glycine II helices. A number of N‐H…O, O‐H…O and C‐H…O hydrogen bondings play a role in stabilizing the molecules within unit cell. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An environment for prosperity and quality living accommodating growth in the Thames Valley
Authors: Howes Hugh 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe Thames Valley is seen as the powerhouse of the British economy, and one of the best performing regions in Europe. This economic base offers opportunities for expansion with the potential for it to become the knowledge capital of Europe. Business interests view the area as a highly desirable location, not only because of its markets, skills and proximity to the City and Heathrow but also because of its high quality environment.Companies, however, complain of skills shortages, traffic congestion, lack of suitable premises and housing that is affordable to the workforce. Much of the Thames Valley is either Green Belt or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Furthermore, the availability of future water supplies, the maintenance of the quality of water in the rivers and managing flood risk are also likely to act as constraints on development in the future.How economic growth is to be achieved with minimal additional development and without detriment to the environment is the central question that is likely to dominate planning in the this region over the next few years. Is it possible to achieve more with existing resources? Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Different approaches to standardized environmental management systems in local authorities – two case studies in Gothenburg and Newcastle
Authors: Emilsson Sara , Hjelm Olof 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLocal authorities have shown an increased interest in committing to voluntary environmental commitment. This paper analyses the use of one of them, standardized environmental management systems (EMSs). It examines how local authorities approach EMS implementation, using two case studies in two European cities, Newcastle City Council (UK) and Gothenburg City Council (Sweden). The research departs from four research topics: drivers; strategy for EMS implementation; integration, dissemination and acceptance; future development of the EMS work. The case study cities' EMS approaches are analysed starting from the three pillars of institutions: the regulative, normative and cultural–cognitive. The analyses reveal that both Newcastle and Gothenburg mainly use a normative approach to EMS implementation; however, there is a regulative inclination in Newcastle's approach. It has also been noted that there is a difference between the standards (e.g. ISO 14001 and EMAS) and the actual use of the standards. The standards are fairly regulative while the application of the standards varies from organization to organization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Androgen and vitamin D receptor expression in archival human breast tumors
Authors: Krishan Awtar , Arya Poonam , Ganjei‐Azar Parvin , Shirley Suzanne E. , Escoffery Carlos T. , Nadji Mehrdad 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was undertaken for quantitation of androgen (AR) and vitamin D (VDR) receptor expression in human male and female breast tumors by flow cytometry.MethodsNuclei isolated from sections of paraffin‐embedded tumors by pepsin digestion were treated for antigen unmasking and incubated with antibodies to AR and VDR. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the percentage of receptor‐positive nuclei with fluorescence greater than 95% of the isotype nuclei. Mean log fluorescence channel values were used for comparing antigen density of the isotype and the antibody‐treated nuclei.ResultsSix of 23 female breast tumors had aneuploid DNA content. Nineteen of 20 estrogen receptor–positive female tumors by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) were also AR positive by flow analysis. Aneuploid subpopulations had higher percentages of AR‐positive nuclei than did diploid populations. Eight of 33 male breast tumors had aneuploid DNA content. Twenty‐three of 33 male breast tumors were AR positive by flow analysis compared with six that were AR positive by IHC. Six AR‐positive (IHC) male tumors were also AR positive by flow analysis. VDR expression was higher in diploid female tumors than in aneuploid tumors.ConclusionsLack of a strong correlation between IHC and flow analysis may be due to differences in criteria used for identification of receptor‐positive and ‐negative tumors by the two methods. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New laboratory test in flow cytometry for the combined analysis of serologic and cellular parameters in the diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Gobbi Giuliana , Mirandola Prisco , Tazzari Pier Luigi , Talarico Enrica , Caimi Luigi , Martini Giuliana , Papa Stefano , Conte Roberto , Manzoli Francesco A. , Vitale Marco 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackgroundHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a major complication of heparin therapy. A quick and reliable laboratory assay for the combined determination of pathogenic anti‐heparin and platelet factor 4 (H:PF4) antibodies in the serum and platelet activation is not currently available.MethodsWe developed a new single‐tube assay in flow cytometry that combines the detection of antibodies in the serum and their activatory properties on platelets. The assay was tested on 13 serum samples from patients with suspected HIT and six samples from normal donors. The presence of anti‐H:PF4 antibody complexes was detected by H:PF4‐coated beads, and donor platelet activation induced by HIT sera was determined by Annexin V binding. All data were compared with the patients' clinical setting, laboratory tests, and standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay detection of anti‐H:PF4 antibodies.ResultsThis flow cytometry assay allowed unequivocal, simultaneous detection of anti‐H:PF4 antibodies in sera and their activatory properties on platelets. All cases for which the diagnosis of HIT was confirmed were detected by the flow assay.ConclusionsThis assay, combining for the first time functional and nonfunctional testing on anti‐H:PF4 antibodies, is likely to influence the clinical decision for the management of HIT patients. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automation of bone marrow aspirate examination using the XE‐2100 automated hematology analyzer
Authors: Mori Yusuke , Mizukami Toshihiro , Hamaguchi Yukio , Tsuruda Kazuto , Yamada Yasuaki , Kamihira Shimeru 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackgroundAttempts to analyze bone marrow aspirates have been reported with the use of several automated blood cell counters, but sufficient accuracy in examination is not acquired yet. Major problems have included difficulties in correctly differentiating various immature cells and interference by lipid in bone marrow aspirates. The goal of this study was to solve these problems to attain more accurate assessment of bone marrow aspirates with automated blood cell counters.MethodsWe modified the XE‐2100 Automated Hematology Analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan) to fit it for bone marrow aspirate measurement and evaluated its performance. Measurements were performed with the modified XE‐2100 on 81 patient samples of bone marrow aspirates; as a reference, the manual visual method was used and flow cytometric analysis were carried out.ResultsGood correlations between results with the modified XE‐2100 and the manual visual method were obtained for total nucleated cell count (TNCC; r = 0.99), erythroblast/TNCC ratio (r = 0.93), and myeloid cell/TNCC ratio (r = 0.75).ConclusionsWhen this device is used, bone marrow aspirate differentials can be determined quickly and easily. This device will be useful for preliminary examination to obtain a summary of various blood cell ratios in bone marrow aspirates before performance of microscopic examination. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DRAQ5‐based DNA content analysis of hematolymphoid cell subpopulations discriminated by surface antigens and light scatter properties
Authors: Yuan Constance M. , Douglas‐Nikitin Vonda K. , Ahrens Kim P. , Luchetta Gabriel R. , Braylan Raul C. , Yang Lijun 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBackgroundAnalysis of cell cycle kinetics offers important information regarding the behavior of normal and neoplastic cells. Most often, cell cycle determinations by flow cytometry (FCM) have been performed using whole‐sample analysis with intercalating dyes like propidium iodide (PI). The cell cycle phase assessment in individual cell subsets in heterogeneous samples is best performed using combined antigen/scatter and DNA analysis. DRAQ5, a novel DNA binding dye that excites at 488 nm and emits in the far red spectra, rapidly penetrates intact live cells while preserving their light scatter properties and expression of surface antigens. We evaluated the ability of this dye to measure cell cycle phases in a variety of clinical hematolymphoid samples.MethodsWe first compared whole sample DRAQ5 and PI cell cycle analyses in 26 clinical hematolymphoid samples. Next, we analyzed cell subpopulations in 39 samples of nonpathologic bone marrow by performing simultaneous CD45/CD34 and DRAQ5 staining. We assessed cell cycle characteristics specific to each population identified by CD45/CD34/side light scatter: lymphocytes, monocytes, immature and mature granulocytes, nucleated erythroid cells, and early precursors.ResultsWhole sample DNA cell cycle analyses by DRAQ5 and PI showed no significant differences in S‐phase. DRAQ5, however, produced slightly larger coefficients of variation. DRAQ5‐based DNA content analysis was easily performed on the distinct marrow cell subpopulations, since light scatter and antigen expression were completely preserved. Significant differences in S‐phase were noted between subpopulations of cells exhibiting different degrees of maturation.ConclusionsBecause of its simplicity of use, excitability with 488 nm lasers, and the ability to stain viable cells, DRAQ5 should prove most useful in the kinetic evaluation of normal and neoplastic hematolymphoid cell subsets identified by light scatter and antigenic expression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of abdominal fat pad for amyloid detection: A clinically useful test?
Authors: Ansari‐Lari M. Ali , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration of abdominal fat pad (FNAFP) is commonly employed for the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis, a disease with highly variable clinical manifestations, often presenting difficult patient management problems. We evaluated the role of FNAFP particularly in reference to its clinical usefulness. Pathology reports and clinical histories of 91 consecutive cases of FNAFP with Congo red (CR) staining at The Johns Hopkins Hospital (1999–2000) were reviewed. Major emphases were assessment of the clinical utility of the test, correlation with concurrent or subsequent biopsies, and treatment strategies. The primary indications for FNAFP were monoclonal gammopathy (34%), cardiomyopathy (22%), renal insufficiency (20%), neuropathy (8%), plasma cell dyscrasia (6%), and other conditions (10%). Of the 91 patients who underwent FNAFP, the results were as follows; 20 cases (22%) positive; 62 cases (68%) negative; eight cases (9%) insufficient for diagnosis; and one case (1%) equivocal. Of the 20 positive cases, follow‐up biopsies were performed on 11 cases, of which six were positive and five were negative for amyloid by CR. Of the 62 negative cases, follow‐up biopsies were performed on 19 cases, 14 of which were negative and five positive for amyloid by CR. A follow‐up biopsy on the single equivocal case was positive for amyloid by CR. Twenty‐one patients positive for amyloid, based on initial or follow‐up biopsies, were managed symptomatically without any specific treatment for amyloidosis. One patient, who was specifically treated for amyloidosis by melphalan and dexamethasone, died 1 wk after therapy. Three patients with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis underwent chemotherapy. We conclude that primary clinical indications for FNAFP for amyloidosis are highly variable. An FNAFP result is often not considered clinically conclusive and is followed by further invasive procedures to detect amyloid (55% of our positive and 31% of our negative FNAFP cases were rebiopsied). The estimated sensitivity and specificity of FNAFP were 75% and 92%, respectively. Overall, the reliance on the results of FNAFP depended on the degree of clinical suspicion of the treating physician. Although in the majority of cases diagnosis of amyloidosis did not alter the treatment strategies, a conclusive positive result helped in ruling out other underlying conditions as the cause of patients' symptoms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:178–181. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of Riedel's disease: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Harigopal Malini , Sahoo Sunati , Recant Wendy M. , DeMay Richard M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe cytomorphological features of a case of Riedel's thyroiditis (Riedel's disease) in a 37‐yr‐old woman are reviewed. The patient presented with a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with extension to carotid and jugular vessels bilaterally. A fine‐needle aspiration of the right lobe of the thyroid demonstrated moderate cellularity with fragments of fibrous tissue with bland spindle‐shaped cells and myofibroblasts. The patient subsequently underwent a bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy with removal of two‐thirds of both lobes of the thyroid. A frozen section diagnosis of Riedel's disease was later confirmed on paraffin sections. Here we describe the cytological findings of a case of Riedel's disease and provide some helpful clues in distinguishing it from other forms of thyroiditis such as fibrosing variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, or granulomatous thyroiditis and from malignancy with which it can be confused both clinically and cytologically. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:193–197. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stromal infiltration as a predictor of tumor invasion in breast fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Klijanienko Jerzy , Katsahian Sandrine , Vielh Philippe , Masood Shahla 
Published: February 2004

AbstractClinical management of in situ carcinoma of the breast is different from invasive carcinomas. Thus, it is important to find cytomorphologic criteria to distinguish between these two entities. The current study is designed to assess whether, by applying strict cytologic criteria, the status of stromal invasion can be predicted. In this retrospective study, 223 consecutive nonpalpable tumors sampled by ultrasound‐guided breast fine‐needle aspirates with diagnosis of in situ and invasive carcinoma with histologic follow‐up evaluation were retrieved. Ten cytologic parameters were evaluated, which included cellular clustering, eosinophilic differentiation, necrosis, tubular structures, dirty background, nuclear anisonucleosis, cellular pleomorphism, cribriform pattern, tubular structures, and stromal infiltration. Among all the parameters examined, stromal infiltration was the most powerful predictor of status of invasion. Stromal infiltration was significantly higher in invasive (88%) than in situ (11%), P < 0.0001. In contrast, cribriform pattern (16% vs 36%) and necrosis (19% vs 59%) were more frequently seen in situ than in invasive carcinomas with P‐values of 0.0008 and <0.0001, respectively. This study demonstrates that stromal infiltration defined by strict criteria may predict the status of tumor invasion in breast fine‐needle aspirates. The combination of stromal infiltration and cribriform pattern and necrosis in aspirates may provide an opportunity in introducing a “predictive index” to differentiate between an in situ versus an invasive process. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:182–186. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ductal lavage and its histopathologic basis: A cautionary tale
Authors: Badve Sunil 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDuctal lavage has been touted as a possible screening tool for patients with a high risk for the development of breast cancer. This article examines the fundamental concepts underlying the procedure and critically evaluates its possible utility in light of the known molecular and surgical pathologic data. It highlights the fact that risk assessment in breast cancer is far from an exact science, since most women who develop breast cancers are not identified as high‐risk by the Gail model. The utility of ductal lavage has as yet not been proven, and even if it were useful, it is likely to benefit only a subset of all breast cancer patients. Further studies, preferably controlled clinical trials, are necessary before routine use of the procedure can be recommended. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:166–171. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.