bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO2 interacts with nutrient inputs to restructure plant communities in phosphorus‐limited grasslands
Authors: Taylor Christopher R. , England Luke C. , Keane J. Ben , Davies Jessica A. C. , Leake Jonathan R. , Hartley Iain P. , Smart Simon M. , Janes‐Bassett Victoria , Phoenix Gareth K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGlobally pervasive increases in atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition could have substantial effects on plant communities, either directly or mediated by their interactions with soil nutrient limitation. While the direct consequences of N enrichment on plant communities are well documented, potential interactions with rising CO2 and globally widespread phosphorus (P) limitation remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of simultaneous elevated CO2 (eCO2) and N and P additions on grassland biodiversity, community and functional composition in P‐limited grasslands. We exposed soil‐turf monoliths from limestone and acidic grasslands that have received >25 years of N additions (3.5 and 14 g m−2 year−1) and 11 (limestone) or 25 (acidic) years of P additions (3.5 g m−2 year−1) to eCO2 (600 ppm) for 3 years. Across both grasslands, eCO2, N and P additions significantly changed community composition. Limestone communities were more responsive to eCO2 and saw significant functional shifts resulting from eCO2–nutrient interactions. Here, legume cover tripled in response to combined eCO2 and P additions, and combined eCO2 and N treatments shifted functional dominance from grasses to sedges. We suggest that eCO2 may disproportionately benefit P acquisition by sedges by subsidising the carbon cost of locally intense root exudation at the expense of co‐occurring grasses. In contrast, the functional composition of the acidic grassland was insensitive to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient additions. Greater diversity of P‐acquisition strategies in the limestone grassland, combined with a more functionally even and diverse community, may contribute to the stronger responses compared to the acidic grassland. Our work suggests we may see large changes in the composition and biodiversity of P‐limited grasslands in response to eCO2 and its interactions with nutrient loading, particularly where these contain a high diversity of P‐acquisition strategies or developmentally young soils with sufficient bioavailable mineral P.
Improper data practices erode the quality of global ecological databases and impede the progress of ecological research
Authors: Augustine Steven P. , Bailey‐Marren Isaac , Charton Katherine T. , Kiel Nathan G. , Peyton Michael S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe scientific community has entered an era of big data. However, with big data comes big responsibilities, and best practices for how data are contributed to databases have not kept pace with the collection, aggregation, and analysis of big data. Here, we rigorously assess the quantity of data for specific leaf area (SLA) available within the largest and most frequently used global plant trait database, the TRY Plant Trait Database, exploring how much of the data were applicable (i.e., original, representative, logical, and comparable) and traceable (i.e., published, cited, and consistent). Over three‐quarters of the SLA data in TRY either lacked applicability or traceability, leaving only 22.9% of the original data usable compared with the 64.9% typically deemed usable by standard data cleaning protocols. The remaining usable data differed markedly from the original for many species, which led to altered interpretation of ecological analyses. Though the data we consider here make up only 4.5% of SLA data within TRY, similar issues of applicability and traceability likely apply to SLA data for other species as well as other commonly measured, uploaded, and downloaded plant traits. We end with suggested steps forward for global ecological databases, including suggestions for both uploaders to and curators of databases with the hope that, through addressing the issues raised here, we can increase data quality and integrity within the ecological community.
The prolonged dilemma: Refugees' impact on labour market in Türkiye
Authors: Demirkol Atahan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTürkiye has a long history of hosting millions of refugees, but since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2011, it has emerged as the world's leading refugee‐hosting country. Due to this fact, the frequency of refugee inflows to Türkiye has attracted us to explore refugees' macroeconomic impacts as the ongoing political and social debates in Türkiye regarding refugees are immensely focused on their economic impacts. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of refugees on unemployment in Türkiye. The study utilizes the Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) Bounds Test approach from 1991 to 2021. Our results yield the pronounced positive and aggravating impact of refugees on unemployment rates in Türkiye. Türkiye's policymakers should focus on local economic policies to improve the refugees' formal integration into the labour market to resolve the negative economic effect of refugee hosting on the labour market.
The short‐term impact of comprehensive caries treatment on the supragingival microbiome of severe early childhood caries
Authors: Tian Jing , Zhao Bingqian , Wang Jingyan , Du Wenbin , Ma Wenli , Xia Bin , Xu He , Chen Tsute , He Xuesong , Qin Man 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren affected by severe early childhood caries (S‐ECC) usually need comprehensive caries treatment due to the extensive of caries. How the oral microbiome changes after caries therapy within the short‐term warrant further study.AimThis study aimed to investigate the short‐term impact of comprehensive caries treatment on the supragingival plaque microbiome of S‐ECC children.DesignThirty‐three children aged 2–4 years with severe caries (dt > 7) were recruited. Comprehensive caries treatment was performed under general anesthesia in one session and included restoration, pulp treatment, extraction, and fluoride application. Supragingival plaque was sampled pre‐ and 1‐month posttreatment. The genomic DNA of the supragingival plaque was extracted, and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed.ResultsOur data showed that the microbial community evenness significantly decreased posttreatment. Furthermore, comprehensive caries treatment led to more diverse microbial structures among the subjects. The interbacterial interactions reflected by the microbial community's co‐occurrence network tended to be less complex posttreatment. Caries treatment increased the relative abundance of Corynebacterium matruchotii, Corynebacterium durum, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Saccharibacteria HMT‐347, as well as Aggregatibacter HMT‐458 and Haemophilus influenzae. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Streptococcus mutans, three species from Leptotrichia, Neisseria bacilliformis, and Provotella pallens significantly decreased posttreatment.ConclusionOur results suggested that comprehensive caries treatment may contribute to the reconstruction of a healthier supragingival microbiome.
Efficacy and acceptability of cognitive‐behavioral therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors for pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Cervin Matti , McGuire Joseph F. , D'Souza Johann M. , De Nadai Alessandro S. , Aspvall Kristina , Goodman Wayne K. , Andrén Per , Schneider Sophie C. , Geller Daniel A. , Mataix‐Cols David , Storch Eric A. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundCognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are recommended treatments for pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), but their relative efficacy and acceptability have not been comprehensively examined. Further, it remains unclear whether the efficacy of in‐person CBT is conserved when delivered in other formats, such as over telephone/webcam or as Internet‐delivered CBT (ICBT).MethodsPubMed, PsycINFO, trial registries, and previous systematic reviews were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CBT (in‐person, webcam/telephone‐delivered, or ICBT) or SRIs with control conditions or each other. Network meta‐analyses were conducted to examine efficacy (post‐treatment Children's Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) and acceptability (treatment discontinuation). Confidence in effect estimates was evaluated with CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis).ResultsThirty eligible RCTs and 35 contrasts comprising 2,057 youth with OCD were identified. In‐person CBT was significantly more efficacious than ICBT, waitlist, relaxation training, and pill placebo (MD range: 3.95–11.10; CINeMA estimate of confidence: moderate) but did not differ significantly from CBT delivered via webcam/telephone (MD: 0.85 [−2.51, 4.21]; moderate), SRIs (MD: 3.07 [−0.07, 6.20]; low), or the combination of in‐person CBT and SRIs (MD: −1.20 [−5.29, 2.91]; low). SRIs were significantly more efficacious than pill placebo (MD: 4.59 [2.70, 6.48]; low) and waitlist (MD: 8.03 [4.24, 11.82]; moderate). No significant differences for acceptability emerged, but confidence in estimates was low.ConclusionsIn‐person CBT and SRIs produce clear benefits compared to waitlist and pill placebo and should be integral parts of the clinical management of pediatric OCD, with in‐person CBT overall having a stronger evidence base. The combination of in‐person CBT and SRIs may be most efficacious, but few studies hinder firm conclusions. The efficacy of CBT appears conserved when delivered via webcam/telephone, while more trials evaluating ICBT are needed.
Measurement opportunities for studying sexual and gender diverse partnerships in population‐based surveys
Authors: Julian Christopher A. , Manning Wendy D. , Kamp Dush Claire M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article outlines for family scholars and researchers designing surveys or searching for data on sexual and gender‐diverse (SGD) families the latest methodological advancements in United States population‐based surveys for studying SGD partnerships by reviewing five recently collected, publicly available, population‐representative data sets.BackgroundLGBTQIA+ adults and SGD partnerships are an expanding demographic group in the United States. Yet, measurement limitations have restricted studies of these partnerships that use population‐based studies. To address this issue, researchers designing population‐representative data collections have adopted new strategies to measure SGD partnerships accurately. However, most population representative surveys continue to lack data on growing segments of the LGBTQIA+ population by relying solely on the sex of partners or limited sexual and gender identity measures.ConclusionWe recommend expanding population‐based surveys to incorporate inclusive measures of sexual and gender identity, directly asking about the gender composition of a couple and measurement of cohabiting and other nonmarital relationships. These approaches are especially important for understanding relationships among younger populations who do not follow heteronormative relationship trajectories and hold diverse gender and sexual identities.ImplicationsAlthough the research opportunities on SGD individuals and partnerships are expanding; researchers must remain mindful of the limitations of current data sets and advocate for updates to the United States population data infrastructure.
Differential expression and gene correlation analyses reveal core CAZymes in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici exposed to mutagen and heat stress
Authors: Roy Abhijeet , Kalita Barsha , Thanmalagan Raja Rajeswary , Arunachalam Annamalai , PTV Lakshmi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is the casual organism of tomato wilt disease which is a devastating plant pathogen responsible for annual loss of this fruit crop. An important step in fungal growth and development is germination, that is transformation of dormant spores into a growing hypha. For this, a set of special type of enzymes known as CAZymes are required for construction and remodelling of polysaccharides and penetration into the host. This necessitates to understand the underlying mechanism of hyphal growth and the crucial CAZymes involved in the process. Therefore, a comparative transcriptomic study of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici using publically available RNA‐seq data under two perturbed conditions was taken up to find out the core differentially expressed genes (DEGs) followed by CAZyme annotation and their co‐expression. Among these two perturbations, 514 core DEGs were found, from which 32 CAZymes were annotated, with majority of them being glycosyl hydrolases and glycosyl transferases. Most of these CAzymes were also found to be downregulated in both the stresses. Further, among these annotated DEGs, the interaction network revealed the association of CAZymes with zinc finger transcription factors, enzymes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, and sulphur and citrate metabolism. Hence, in the present study, the key or core CAZymes and their association with other enzymes were revealed in the impaired fungus which are otherwise crucial for growth in normal conditions.
Polyethylene glycol–mediated genetic transformation and fluorescent labelling of Colletotrichum sublineola for studying sorghum anthracnose pathogenicity
Authors: Li Siyu , Chen Songshu , Tai Zheng , Luo Lingfeng , Jiang Ling , Wang Fen , Xie Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnthracnose, a disease primarily caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sublineola, affects sorghum production in China. However, the infection mechanisms and complex host interactions of C. sublineola remain to be elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to establish and optimize a protoplast transformation system of C. sublineola so as to lay a foundation for further research on the infection mechanisms and complex host interactions of C. sublineola. A genetic transformation system was established and optimized for C. sublineola strain HX‐5‐1 and used to introduce fluorescent reporter genes, namely, green fluorescent protein (GFP) and mCherry. Results showed that the growth of HX‐5‐1 was completely inhibited on a regenerating medium containing 300 μg mL−1 hygromycin B, indicating that hygromycin B acted as a transformant‐selective marker. HX‐5‐1 produced the highest yield of protoplasts when the mycelia were cultured for 60 h and dissolved in a 0.1% lysozyme solution (0.7 M NaCl) for 3 h. Subsequently, a 106 mL−1 protoplast solution transformed using 5 μg of plasmid DNA exhibited the highest transformation efficiency. Laser confocal microscopy showed that GFP and mCherry fluorescent signals were successfully expressed in the mycelia and spores of HX‐5‐1, indicating that they were stably inherited in the transformants and did not affect colony morphology, growth rate, or pathogenicity. In conclusion, we successfully established a genetic transformation system for C. sublineola and employed it to obtain stable fluorescent protein expression. This study may serve as a foundation for understanding the infection process of C. sublineola.
The impact of investment treaties on domestic governance in developing countries
Authors: Bonnitcha Jonathan , Williams Zoe Phillips 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the impact of investment treaties on domestic governance in developing countries, through cross‐country quantitative analysis and a detailed qualitative case‐study on Myanmar. We clarify a variety of mechanisms that plausibly link investment treaties to impacts on domestic governance. Considering incentive, acculturative and political economy mechanisms, we find little evidence that the treaties lead to changes in domestic law, institutional structure or policy‐making. The treaties also have surprisingly limited relevance in investor‐state bargaining outside formal adjudicatory processes. Overall, our findings point to a profound decoupling between investment treaties and domestic governance; they also clarify the conditions under which such decoupling can persist, notwithstanding material incentives for states to ensure tighter alignment. Rather than interpreting decoupling as a failure of domestic implementation, our case study suggests that the problem is with the treaties themselves, in that they place obligations on developing countries that cannot realistically be implemented.
The Implementation of Mindfulness in Early Childhood: Diversity in the Uses and Functions of Mindfulness and What This may Mean for Children's Well‐being
Authors: Duff Celeste 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe growth of mindfulness is a global trend; however, the implementation of mindfulness practices in early childhood is a nascent phenomenon. There is a scarcity of research conducted for the purpose of understanding the implementation of mindfulness in early childhood. This study is, therefore, concerned with the functionality of mindfulness in early childhood within clinical and educational contexts. Using a qualitative design, 24 children aged four to five participated in focus groups, and eight primary school teachers and six clinicians participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five diverse uses and functions of mindfulness were identified: social and emotional skills development, behavioral and emotional regulation, the recognition and awareness of emotional health and well‐being, the promotion of resilience, and contributing to long‐term outcomes for children. These findings contribute toward the interdisciplinary knowledge and research base for child well‐being practices and the diversity in the use and functionality of mindfulness.
Predicting photosynthetic pathway from anatomy using machine learning
Authors: Gilman Ian S. , Heyduk Karolina , Maya‐Lastra Carlos , Hancock Lillian P. , Edwards Erika J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary

Plants with Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) have long been associated with a specialized anatomy, including succulence and thick photosynthetic tissues. Firm, quantitative boundaries between non‐CAM and CAM plants have yet to be established – if they indeed exist.

Using novel computer vision software to measure anatomy, we combined new measurements with published data across flowering plants. We then used machine learning and phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate relationships between CAM and anatomy.

We found significant differences in photosynthetic tissue anatomy between plants with differing CAM phenotypes. Machine learning‐based classification was over 95% accurate in differentiating CAM from non‐CAM anatomy, and had over 70% recall of distinct CAM phenotypes. Phylogenetic least squares regression and threshold analyses revealed that CAM evolution was significantly correlated with increased mesophyll cell size, thicker leaves, and decreased intercellular airspace.

Our findings suggest that machine learning may be used to aid the discovery of new CAM species and that the evolutionary trajectory from non‐CAM to strong, obligate CAM requires continual anatomical specialization.
Carbon and phosphorus exchange rates in arbuscular mycorrhizas depend on environmental context and differ among co‐occurring plants
Authors: Lekberg Ylva , Jansa Jan , McLeod Morgan , DuPre Mary Ellyn , Holben William E. , Johnson David , Koide Roger T. , Shaw Alanna , Zabinski Catherine , Aldrich‐Wolfe Laura 
Published: January 2024

Summary

Phosphorus (P) for carbon (C) exchange is the pivotal function of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), but how this exchange varies with soil P availability and among co‐occurring plants in complex communities is still largely unknown.

We collected intact plant communities in two regions differing c. 10‐fold in labile inorganic P. After a 2‐month glasshouse incubation, we measured 32P transfer from AM fungi (AMF) to shoots and 13C transfer from shoots to AMF using an AMF‐specific fatty acid. AMF communities were assessed using molecular methods.

AMF delivered a larger proportion of total shoot P in communities from high‐P soils despite similar 13C allocation to AMF in roots and soil. Within communities, 13C concentration in AMF was consistently higher in grass than in blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh) roots, that is P appeared more costly for grasses. This coincided with differences in AMF taxa composition and a trend of more vesicles (storage structures) but fewer arbuscules (exchange structures) in grass roots. Additionally, 32P‐for‐13C exchange ratios increased with soil P for blanketflower but not grasses.

Contrary to predictions, AMF transferred proportionally more P to plants in communities from high‐P soils. However, the 32P‐for‐13C exchange differed among co‐occurring plants, suggesting differential regulation of the AM symbiosis.
Receptor‐like kinases and their signaling cascades for plant male fertility: loyal messengers
Authors: Zhu Lei , Li Fan , Xie Tianle , Li Ziwen , Tian Tian , An Xueli , Wei Xun , Long Yan , Jiao Ziwei , Wan Xiangyuan 
Published: January 2024

SummaryReceptor‐like kinases (RLKs) are evolved for plant cell–cell communications. The typical RLK protein contains an extracellular and hypervariable N‐terminus to perceive various signals, a transmembrane domain to anchor into plasma membrane, and a cytoplasmic, highly conserved kinase domain to phosphorylate target proteins. To date, RLKs have manifested their significance in a myriad of biological processes during plant reproductive growth, especially in male fertility. This review first summarizes a recent update on RLKs and their interacting protein partners controlling anther and pollen development, pollen release from dehisced anther, and pollen function during pollination and fertilization. Then, regulatory networks of RLK signaling pathways are proposed. In addition, we predict RLKs in maize and rice genome, obtain homologs of well‐studied RLKs from phylogeny of three subfamilies and then analyze their expression patterns in developing anthers of maize and rice to excavate potential RLKs regulating male fertility in crops. Finally, current challenges and future prospects regarding RLKs are discussed. This review will contribute to a better understanding of plant male fertility control by RLKs, creating potential male sterile lines, and inspiring innovative crop breeding methods.
Does Pornography Presuppose Rape Myths?
Authors: Heck Richard Kimberly 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRae Langton and Caroline West argue that pornography silences women by presupposing misogynistic attitudes, such as that women enjoy being raped. More precisely, they claim that a somewhat infamous pictorial, ‘Dirty Pool’, makes such presuppositions, and that it is typical in this respect. I argue for four claims. (1) There are empirical reasons to doubt that women are silenced in the way that Langton and West claim they are. (2) There is no evidence that very much pornography makes the sorts of presuppositions that Langton and West's explanation of silencing requires it to make. (3) Even ‘Dirty Pool’, for all its other problems, does not make such presuppositions. (4) Langton and West misread ‘Dirty Pool’ because they do not take proper account of the fact that pornography often traffics in sexual fantasy. The broader lesson is that we need to read pornography more sensitively if we are to understand its capacity to shape socio‐sexual norms (for good or for ill).