bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the potential of ionosonde for forecasting post-sunset equatorial spread F: an observational experiment in Southeast Asia
Authors: Abadi Prayitno , Ali Ahmad Umar , Otsuka Yuichi , Jamjareegulgarn Punyawi , Almahi Alif , Perwitasari Septi , Supriadi Slamet , Harjupa Wendi , Septiawan Reza Rendian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe occurrence of equatorial spread F (ESF) has the potential to detrimentally impact space-based technological systems. This study investigates the utility of ionosondes in forecasting the incidence of post-sunset ESF in the zonal direction, utilizing observational data obtained from four ionosondes located near the magnetic Equator in Southeast Asia. Data were collected during the equinox seasons (March–April and September–October) between 2003 and 2020. To establish a relationship between the probability of post-sunset ESF occurrence and the evening vertical plasma drift (v), a logistic regression model was employed. Post-sunset ESF occurrence is defined as the presence of ESF during the time window between 19:00 and 21:00 LT, while v is derived from the average time derivative of virtual heights during the interval from 18:30 to 19:00 LT. Results indicate that the probability of post-sunset ESF occurrence approaches zero, signifying that ESF is unlikely to develop when v is negative. Conversely, when v exceeds 30 m/s, the probability of post-sunset ESF occurrence surpasses 0.87, indicating that ESF occurs almost invariably. The likelihood of post-sunset ESF occurrence reaches 1 when v equals or exceeds 40 m/s. Utilizing this model, the study determined that a single ionosonde positioned at the Equator can effectively forecast the incidence of post-sunset ESF up to a longitudinal distance of 30° from its location. The accuracy of ionosondes in predicting post-sunset ESF occurrence above their respective locations is approximately 0.80, with a 10% decrease in accuracy when forecasting ESF occurrence at longitudinal distances of 30°. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of the link between the evening vertical plasma drift and the manifestation of post-sunset ESF by leveraging ionosonde data. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the recommended coverage range of ionosondes for predicting post-sunset ESF occurrence in the zonal direction, which can be employed to fortify regional space weather services.
Graphical Abstract
Extrusion of the anterior segment of the medial meniscus extrusion initiates knee osteoarthritis: evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ichiba Atsushi , Ito Eichi , Kino Keiichiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeMeniscus extrusion contributes to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). It is not clear which site of the medial meniscus (MM) extrusion (MME) is greatest. Moreover, the relationship between sites of MME and progression of OA has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine which sites of MME that showed the greatest extrusion and to investigate the relationship between the presence of MM tears and MME, the relationship between the progression of OA and MME.MethodsA cohort of 111 patients were studied retrospectively. The OA grade was classified using the Kellgren‐Lawrence (K‐L) grade. MME was measured at 13 positions from the anterior to the posterior segment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with slices perpendicular to the MM (radial MRI). The relationship between the K‐L grade and the site of the MME was investigated. The patients were grouped as follows: The patients over 40‐years‐old were grouped as follows: patients with the K‐L grade ≤1 and without a MM tear (Group En (early, no meniscus tear)); patients with the K‐L grade ≤1 with a MM tear (Group Ep (early, positive meniscus tear)); patients with the K‐L grade ≥2 and without a MM tear (Group An (advanced, no meniscal tear)); patients over‐40 years‐old with the K‐L grade ≥2 and with a MM tear (Group Ap (advanced, positive meniscus tear)). And patients between 15 and 39‐years‐old with no abnormal findings on MRI were defined as control group (Group C).ResultsIn the Groups En and Ep, MME was greatest in the anterior segment, and was greater in Group Ep than in Group En. In Groups Ap and Group C, extrusion was greatest in the middle segment.ConclusionThe results suggest that MME predominantly occurred in the anterior segment with increasing age, after that, MM extruded at the middle segment with progression of OA and MM tear.Level of evidence IV
Surgical technique: posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using double posteromedial arthroscopic portals
Authors: Lucidi Gian Andrea , Seil Romain , Agostinone Piero , Toanen Cécile , Grassi Alberto , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction is a technically demanding surgical procedure that requires optimal identification of both the femoral and the tibial anatomical footprints. To aid the tibial tunnel placement and many authors recommend creating a posteromedial (PM) portal. The further addition of a second PM portal, which could be used as a “working portal”, may further allow a more straightforward reconstruction by improving the identification of the anatomical footprint, the clearing of the stump, and the graft passage.
Evaluating medical students’ knowledge of patient-reported outcomes and the impact of curriculum intervention in consecutive cohorts
Authors: Florentino Samuel A. , Karan Suzanne B. , Ramirez Gabriel , Baumhauer Judith F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collection and utilization improves patient-provider communication, symptom reporting, and patient satisfaction. Despite their significance, the science and utility of PROs are not part of required curriculum in medical education. The authors describe the results of a survey distributed to medical students evaluating their experience, knowledge, and perceptions of PROs, report on outcomes of the impact of formal PRO education on medical student knowledge, and describe strategies to foster the spread of PRO education into other programs.

Methods
The authors developed and distributed a 20-question web-based survey distributed to medical students at two U.S. medical schools to evaluate students’ experience, knowledge, and perceptions of PROs. To compare medical students’ knowledge in their pre-clinical years (M1-M2) to those in their clinical years (M3-M4), the authors calculated odds ratios and determined significance determined using chi-squared tests. To determine the utility of formal education on medical students’ knowledge of PROs, the authors invited 4th year medical students at a single institution to participate in a survey before and two weeks after receiving formal PRO education as part of the medical school curriculum, spanning three years.

Results
137 (15%) medical students responded to the initial survey. Respondents’ knowledge of PROs was low and did not differ when comparing pre-clinical to clinical years in school. Less than 10% had received education on PROs and only 16% felt prepared to use PROs in patient care. Respondents demonstrated positive attitudes towards PROs, with 84% expressing interest in learning about PROs. In the second phase education cohort of 231 (77% response rate) 4th -year medical students over three years, formal education improved correct response rates to PRO questions. After education, 90% (121/134) agreed PROs are an important component of high-quality care.

Conclusions
This study identifies a gap in knowledge about PROs among medical students irrespective of year in training. It also shows that structured education may help fill the PRO knowledge gap, potentially providing future clinicians with the skills to implement PROs into clinical practice, aligning with the broader shift towards patient-centric evidence-based healthcare practices.
Learning together: facing the challenges of sustainability transitions by engaging uncertainty tolerance and post-normal science
Authors: Lazarus Michelle D. , Funtowicz Silvio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrent efforts towards sustainability tend to focus on maintaining existing systems and structures, by relying on reductionist approaches to problem solving. Increasingly, there is a call for more effective action in reaching sustainability, not through reductionism (e.g. solutions which reinforce the status quo), but through transformative societal changes and cultural shifts. Despite these calls, widespread resistance to such changes remains. This work discusses one of the underlying causes, namely maladaptive responses to uncertainty.Uncertainty impacts nearly every aspect of sustainability transformations within a society. There are uncertainties related to the defining characteristics of sustainability, the complexity of sustainability, and to the changing roles and identities of individuals within a society as they transition to sustainability. Furthermore, the process which is increasingly called upon to address these diverse sources of uncertainty, known as post-normal science, introduces novel sources of uncertainty.Up to this point, many societies’ responses to this array of sustainability transitions uncertainty is to respond maladaptively, representing uncertainty intolerance (e.g. denial, dismissal, disengagement), as opposed to adaptive responses (e.g. curiosity, acknowledgement and action). Herein, we describe the sources of uncertainty related to sustainable transitions, the role that post-normal science can play in addressing these uncertainties, and describe strategies to support societies’ collective capacity for developing uncertainty tolerance to better engage with the processes required for a sustainable future.
Changes in Collagen Type I C-Telopeptide and Procollagen Type I N-Terminal Propeptide During the Menopause Transition
Authors: Shieh Albert , Karlamangla Arun S , Gossiel Fatma , Eastell Richard , Greendale Gail A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
Collagen type I C-telopeptide (CTX) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) are reference bone resorption and formation markers, respectively.

Objective
To characterize CTX and PINP trajectories across the menopause transition (MT).

Methods
This 18-year longitudinal analysis of a community-based cohort from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation included 541 women (126 Black, 90 Chinese, 87 Japanese, 238 White) who transitioned from pre- to postmenopause. Multivariable mixed effects regression fit piecewise linear models of CTX or PINP relative to years from final menstrual period (FMP); covariates were race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and age at FMP. In the referent participant (White, 52.46 years at FMP, BMI 27.12 kg/m2), CTX and PINP were stable until 3 years pre-FMP (premenopause). During the MT (3 years before to 3 years after the FMP), CTX and PINP increased 10.3% (P &lt; .0001) and 7.5% (P &lt; .0001) per year, respectively; MT-related gains totaled 61.9% for CTX and 45.2% for PINP. Starting 3 years post-FMP (postmenopause), CTX and PINP decreased 3.1% (P &lt; .0001) and 2.9% (P &lt; .0001) per year, respectively. Compared with the White participants, during the MT, Chinese participants had larger gains in CTX (P = .01), and Japanese women experienced greater increases in CTX (P &lt; .0001) and PINP (P = .02). In postmenopause, CTX (P = .01) and PINP (P = .01) rose more in Japanese relative to White women.

Conclusion
CTX and PINP are stable in premenopause, increase during the MT, and decrease in postmenopause. During the MT and postmenopause, bone turnover change rates vary by race/ethnicity.
Intracranial Pressure, Autoregulation, and Cerebral Perfusion in Infants With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis at the Time of Surgical Correction
Authors: Hurth Helene , Zipfel Julian , Kerscher Susanne Regina , Decker Karlheinz , Haas-Lude Karin , Krimmel Michael , Neunhoeffer Felix , Schuhmann Martin Ulrich 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Although an increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a known problem in children with syndromic craniosynostosis, it remains unclear whether elevated ICP and impaired cerebral perfusion exist in nonsyndromic synostosis and should be defined as targets of primary treatment. This study aimed to investigate ICP, cerebral autoregulation (CAR), and brain perfusion in infants with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis at first surgical intervention.

METHODS:
Forty-three infants were prospectively included. The patients underwent perioperative measurement of mean arterial blood pressure, ICP, and brain perfusion before and after cranial vault decompression. Physiological parameters with possible influences on ICP and autoregulation/brain perfusion were standardized for age. CAR was assessed by the pressure reactivity index (PRx), calculated using the mean arterial blood pressure and ICP.

RESULTS:
Biparietal decompression was performed in 29 infants with sagittal synostosis (mean age, 6.1 ± 1.3 months). Fronto-orbital advancement was performed in 10 and 4 infants with metopic and unilateral coronal synostosis, respectively (mean age, 11.6 ± 2.1 months). An elevated ICP (>15 mm Hg) was found in 20 of 26 sagittal (mean, 21.7 ± 4.4 mm Hg), 2 of 8 metopic (mean, 17.1 ± 0.4 mm Hg), and 2 of 4 unilateral coronal synostosis cases (mean, 18.9 ± 2.5 mm Hg). Initial ICP was higher in sagittal synostosis than in metopic/coronal synostosis (P = .002). The postdecompression ICP was significantly reduced in sagittal synostosis cases (P < .001). The relative cerebral blood flow and blood flow velocity significantly increased after decompression. Impaired CAR was found in infants with a mean ICP >12 mm Hg (PRx, 0.26 ± 0.32), as compared with those with a mean ICP ≤ 12 mm Hg (PRx, −0.37 ± 0.07, P = .001).

CONCLUSION:
Contrary to common belief, an elevated ICP and significantly impaired CAR can exist early in single suture synostosis, particularly sagittal synostosis. Because an influence of raised ICP on long-term cognitive development is known in other diseases, we suggest that preventing increased ICP during the phase of maximal brain development may be a goal for decompressive surgery, at least for sagittal synostosis cases.
Escherichia coli endocarditis and cardiac abscess: a rare presentation in a patient with a prosthetic aortic valve
Authors: Chavada Ishan , Anwar Ramsha , Dumont Michael W. , Khutubuddin Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: There are very few documented cases of Escherichia coli endocarditis with cardiac abscesses in the literature. Here we describe a case presentation with diagnostic challenges and a multidisciplinary approach to management. Case description: This is a rare presentation of E. coli endocarditis in a patient with a prosthetic aortic valve. Initial tests were inconclusive and further investigation with transoesophageal echocardiography was required to make the diagnosis. Despite initial improvement, the patient deteriorated and ultimately died of complications related to the presentation. Discussion/conclusion: E. coli is a rare causative organism for endocarditis, which can itself be difficult to diagnose. A multidisciplinary approach to investigation and treatment is required when infective endocarditis is suspected. Transoesophageal echocardiography may be required to diagnose endocarditis when there is a strong clinical suspicion and risk factors present.
Efficient and high-spatiotemporal-quality terawatt-class mid-infrared optical parametric amplifiers by spatially shaped pumping
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Jinhui , Zhen Qiwen , Liu Keyang , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Cao Huabao , Fu Yuxi 
Published: December 2023

We propose a method to efficiently generate terawatt (TW)-class mid-infrared (MIR) femtosecond laser pulses with high spatiotemporal quality through optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA). By transforming the pump-beam profile for the OPCPA from Gaussian to flat-top using a designed field mapping optics consisting of two aspherical lenses, we obtain a TW-class femtosecond laser pulse at 2 µm with a conversion efficiency of over 36% according to our simulations. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal coupling effects are greatly suppressed in our method compared to an OPCPA system that is pumped by a widely employed Gaussian profile beam. Our work provides a simple and robust method for developing OPCPA systems with high efficiency and high pulse quality.
The Frank-Wolfe Algorithm: A Short Introduction
Authors: Pokutta Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper we provide an introduction to the Frank-Wolfe algorithm, a method for smooth convex optimization in the presence of (relatively) complicated constraints. We will present the algorithm, introduce key concepts, and establish important baseline results, such as e.g., primal and dual convergence. We will also discuss some of its properties, present a new adaptive step-size strategy as well as applications.
The economic burden of households affected by tuberculosis in Brazil: First national survey results, 2019-2021
Authors: Noia Maciel Ethel Leonor , Negri Letícya dos Santos Almeida , Guidoni Leticia Molino , Fregona Geisa Carlesso , Johansen Fernanda Dockhorn Costa , Sanchez Mauro Niskier , Moreira Adriana da Silva Rezende , Diaz-Quijano Fredi Alexander , Tonini Maiko , Zandonade Eliana , Ershova Julia , Nguhiu Peter , Baena Inés Garcia 
Published: December 2023

Background
One of the three main targets of the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy (2015-2035) is that no tuberculosis (TB) patients or their households face catastrophic costs (defined as exceeding 20% of the annual household income) because of the disease. Our study seeks to determine, as a baseline, the magnitude and main drivers of the costs associated with TB disease for patients and their households and to monitor the proportion of households experiencing catastrophic costs in Brazil.

Methods
A national cross-sectional cluster-based survey was conducted in Brazil in 2019-2021 following WHO methodology. TB patients of all ages and types of TB were eligible for the survey. Adult TB patients and guardians of minors (<18 years old) were interviewed once about costs, time loss, coping measures, income, household expenses, and asset ownership. Total costs, including indirect costs measured as reported household income change, were expressed as a percentage of annual household income. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the cost drivers and multivariate logistic regression to determine factors associated with catastrophic costs.

Results
We interviewed 603 patients, including 538 (89%) with drug-sensitive (DS) and 65 (11%) with drug-resistant (DR) TB. Of 603 affected households, 48.1% (95%CI: 43–53.2) experienced costs above 20% of their annual household income during their TB episode. The proportion was 44.4% and 78.5% among patients with DS- and DR-TB, respectively. On average, patients incurred costs of US$1573 (95%CI: 1361.8–1785.0) per TB episode, including pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis expenses. Key cost drivers were post-diagnosis nutritional supplements (US$317.6, 95%CI: 232.7–402.6) followed by medical costs (US$85.5, 95%CI: 54.3–116.5) and costs of travel for clinic visits during treatment (US$79.2, 95%CI: 61.9–96.5). In multivariate analysis, predictors of catastrophic costs included positive HIV status (aOR = 3.0, 95%CI:1.1–8.6) and self-employment (aOR = 2.7, 95%CI:1.1–6.5); high education was a protective factor (aOR = 0.1, 95%CI:0.0–0.9).

Conclusions
Although the services offered to patients with TB are free of charge in the Brazilian public health sector, the availability of free diagnosis and treatment services does not alleviate patients’ financial burden related to accessing TB care. The study allowed us to identify the costs incurred by patients and suggest actions to mitigate their suffering. In addition, this study established a baseline for monitoring catastrophic costs and fostering a national policy to reduce the costs to patients for TB care in Brazil.
Supported: Supporting, enabling, and sustaining homecare workers to deliver end-of-life care: A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Bayley Zana , Bothma Joan , Bravington Alison , Forward Cat , Hussain Jamilla , Manthorpe Jill , Pearson Mark , Roberts Helen , Taylor Paul , Walker Liz , White Caroline , Wray Jane , Johnson Miriam J. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Homecare workers provide essential care at home for people at end-of-life but are often poorly trained and supported.

Aim
To explore the experiences and needs of homecare workers and the views of homecare clients and carers, and other community-based health and social care staff about the homecare worker role, including identification of good practice.

Methods
In this qualitative exploratory study, we will conduct 150 semi-structured interviews with homecare workers within three geographic English localities chosen for maximum socio-demographic variation. Eligible participants will be consenting adults providing care services (workers [n = 45], managers [n = 15] community practitioners [n = 30]), receiving care (clients thought to be in the last 6 months of life [n = 30], family carers [n = 15], or commissioners of homecare services supporting end-of-life care [n = 15]. Interviews may adopt a Pictor-guided or standard semi-structured approach according to their preference. Managers and commissioners can contribute to an online focus group if preferred. A range of recruitment strategies will be used, including through homecare agencies, local authorities, local NHS services, charities, voluntary sector groups and social media. Interviews and focus groups will be recorded, transcribed, anonymised, and analysed adopting a case-based approach for each geographic area within-case and then comparison across cases using reflexive thematic analysis. The design and analysis will be informed by Bronfenbrenner’s Adapted Ecological Systems theory. This study is registered on the Research Registry (No.8613).

Contribution
We will provide evidence on ways to improve the experiences and address the needs of homecare workers in relation to caring for people nearing end-of-life. It will offer insight into good practice around supporting homecare workers including responding to their training and development needs. Findings will inform subsequent stages of an evaluation-phase study of a training resource for homecare workers.