bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of resistant coliform bacteria in the intestine of pigs following flock versus individual treatment with neomycin against post-weaning diarrhoae or amoxicillin against umbilical infection
Authors: Kudirkiene Egle , Eriksen Esben Østergaard , Liu Gang , Christensen Anja Ejlersgård , Agerlin Marianne Viuf , Larsen Inge , Weber Nicolai Rosager , Pedersen Ken Steen , Nielsen Jens Peter , Olsen John Elmerdahl 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of avoiding flock treatment on resistance levels in the intestine of pigs. To investigate this, studies, each in two pig herds, quantified resistant coliforms by culture method in pigs treated as flock or as individual animal treatments orally with neomycin against post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) or intramuscularly with amoxicillin to prevent umbilical infection. Individual oral treatment against PWD did not lead to a lower number or proportion of resistant coliforms compared to flock treated pigs in any of the two herds under study, despite reduction of treatment incidences to 32% and 35% of pigs. After intramuscular treatment against umbilical infection, fewer resistant bacteria were seen in individually treated piglets in a herd with low treatment incidence (33%), while no reduction of resistant coliform bacteria compared to flock treatment was observed in the other herd with higher treatment incidence (86%). Thus, individual animal treatment reduced the amount of antimicrobial used, but concurrent reduction in resistant coliform bacteria was not always observed.
A comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic study of B-type stars in the open cluster NGC 6834
Authors: Ruíz Díaz M A , Aidelman Y J , Baume G , Granada A 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the open cluster NGC 6834. Despite being well-known, its primary parameters show considerable variation. As an intermediate-age cluster (50–80 million years), it is expected to host a prominent population of B-type stars, including numerous Be stars. Fifteen B-type variable stars have already been identified in the vicinity of the cluster, with four confirmed as Be stars through spectroscopic observations. Our spectrophotometric analysis aims to better understand the general and specific properties of NGC 6834, with particular emphasis on its B-type stars. Photometric data were gathered from gri images obtained with the Gemini North telescope, which was completed with several photometric catalogues. Additionally, 109 optical spectra for 89 stars in the cluster’s region were obtained using the GMOS-MOS spectrograph. From the photometric data, we derive the foreground cluster colour excess, E(B − V) = 0.62. Through photometric diagrams, including traditional colour–colour and colour–magnitude diagrams and those incorporating the reddening-free Q parameter, we identify new stars with $\mathrm{H}\alpha$ emission. Spectral classification of 89 stars is achieved, along with estimations of basic physical parameters, and projected rotational velocities for 64 B-type stars. We identify five new Be stars: NGC 6834 3, 9, and 118 as cluster members, and NGC 6834 23 and 121 as non-members. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the structure of NGC 6834 and its B-type star population.
Mouse modeling of familial human SYCE1 c.197-2A&gt;G splice site mutation leads to meiotic recombination failure and non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: García-Martínez Omar Ignacio , Geisinger Adriana , de los Santos Eliana , Santiñaque Federico F , Folle Gustavo A , Pórfido Jorge Luis , Meikle María Noel , Schlapp Geraldine , Crispo Martina , Benavente Ricardo , Rodríguez-Casuriaga Rosana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Infertility affects a considerable number of couples at reproductive age, with an incidence of 10-15%. Approximately 25% of cases are classified as idiopathic infertility. Often, errors during the meiotic stage appear to be related to idiopathic infertility. A crucial component during first meiotic prophase is the synaptonemal complex (SC), which plays a fundamental role in homologous chromosome pairing and meiotic recombination. In many studies with infertile patients, mutations affecting SC-coding genes have been identified. The generation of humanized models has high physiological relevance, helping to clarify the molecular bases of pathology, which in turn is essential for the development of therapeutic procedures. Here we report the generation and characterization of genetically modified mice carrying a mutation equivalent to SYCE1 c.197-2A&gt;G, previously found in male infertile patients, aiming to determine the actual effects of this mutation on reproductive capacity and to study the underlying molecular mechanisms. Homozygous mutants were infertile. SYCE1 protein was not detected and Syce1 transcript presented minimal levels, suggesting transcript degradation underlying the infertility mechanism. Additionally, homozygous mutants showed impaired homologous chromosome synapsis, meiotic arrest before the pachytene stage, and increased apoptosis of meiotic cells. This study validates the variant as pathogenic and causative of infertility, since the observed dramatic phenotype was attributable to this single homozygous point mutation, when compared to WT and heterozygous littermates. Moreover, although this homozygous point mutation has been only found in infertile men thus far, we anticipate that if it were present in women, it would cause infertility as well, as homozygous female mice also exhibited an infertility phenotype.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis initially presenting as frequent urination mimicking a prostatic abscess: A case report
Authors: Kamada Riko , Hibino Makoto , Higa Hikari , Watanabe Shigehiro , Maeda Kazunari , Tobe Shunichi , Kakutani Takuya , Kondo Tetsuri 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) rarely involves the urological system. Herein, we report the case of a 71-year-old man with GPA who presented with frequent urination and a computed tomography detected low-density area in the enlarged prostate, suggesting an abscess. The initial prostate biopsy revealed necrotic tissue consistent with a prostate abscess, with severe destruction ultimately leading to a bladder fistula. However, upon further review of the pathology samples, multinucleated giant cells were identified, raising suspicion for GPA. Further history revealed bloody nasal discharge, and biopsy results from a lung mass also indicated GPA. Based on these findings—along with sinusitis and proteinase-3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity—the diagnosis of GPA was made. Our patient was treated with steroid pulse therapy; however, disease progression could not be controlled, and he died suddenly due to haemorrhagic cerebral infarction. Autopsy revealed granulomas in the lungs and spleen, crescentic glomerulonephritis in the kidneys, and haemorrhagic infarction with an embolised fibrin clot in the brain. Urogenital lesions in GPA can be challenging to diagnose due to their nonspecific presentation, and clinicians should consider GPA in patients presenting with unexplained prostatitis and systemic symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment could prevent unnecessary surgeries and improve prognosis.
Ultra-Processed Food Intakes and Health Outcomes in Adults Older Than 60 Years: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shahatah Fay A , Hill Tom R , Fairley Andrea , Watson Anthony W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
Relationships between ultraprocessed food (UPF) intakes and health have been well described in adults, but evidence of these relationships in older adults is rather limited. Demographic shifts in aging emphasize the importance of understanding the role of diet in maintaining health during later life.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to identify health outcomes associated with UPF consumption in those aged ≥60 years.

Data Sources
The Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched from inception until June 2023, using search terms representing UPF and any health outcome. Observational studies restricted to individuals aged ≥60 years using the Nova food classification were included. Articles were screened independently by 2 researchers using PECOS inclusion criteria.

Data Extraction
Two-thirds of the studies in the present review were prospective cohort studies (n = 4) and the rest were cross-sectional (n = 2). The number of participants ranged from 652 to 2713 across the 6 studies. The mean age of participants ranged between 67 and 73 years.

Data Analysis
In the prospective cohort studies, the highest consumption of UPF was associated with incident frailty, incident dyslipidemia, renal function decline, and abdominal obesity. For cross-sectional studies, the highest intake of UPF was associated with negative outcomes similar to young and middle-aged cohorts, with the addition of nutritional frailty and worse cognitive performance.

Conclusions
Currently, the limited understanding of how high UPF intakes could be associated with negative health outcomes for older adults influences the ability to inform policy and practice recommendations. More research is required owing to the very limited number of studies, specifically in older adults.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023442783.
A scoping review of digital interventions for the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental health conditions for young people
Authors: Baka Evangelia , Tan Yi-Roe , Wong Brian Li Han , Xing Zhongyue , Yap Peiling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Digital mental health (DMH) interventions leveraging digital technologies, such as mobile applications, web-based platforms, artificial intelligence and wearable devices, have emerged as a promising avenue for addressing the mental health needs of young people. This scoping review examines the landscape of primary and secondary preventive DMH interventions for young people aged 10–24 years. Six electronic databases were searched, leading to a final incorporation of 81 studies published between 2010 and 2022. Each of these studies corresponds to a unique DMH intervention. Our findings reveal that research activity in the area of promotive and preventive DMH interventions started gaining ground from 2019 onwards, with the majority of studies conducted in Australia and the USA. 70% of the total studies targeted the prevention of mental health conditions. Randomized controlled trials were the predominant study methodology, while mental well-being, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, life skills and disorders specifically associated with stress were the most targeted mental health or well-being conditions. Finally, mobile applications and web interfaces were the most studied form of DMH interventions. Most of these applications have integrated advanced AI/ML algorithms to serve the purpose of personalization and real-time monitoring. However, there is a marked need for more emphasis on preventive and, especially, promotive mental health measures, as well as the active inclusion of low- and middle-income countries in future research.
Wage Hysteresis and Entitlement Effects: The Persistent Impacts of a Temporary Overtime Policy
Authors: Quach Simon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper studies the unexpected retraction of a U.S. federal policy in 2016 that would have more than doubled the “overtime exemption threshold” from ${\$}$455 to ${\$}$913 per week and thereby grant overtime protection to an additional 20 percent of salaried workers. Although the policy was blocked by a federal court injunction a week before it was supposed to take effect, I show that it nevertheless had a persistent positive impact on workers’ earnings. Leveraging a bunching design with administrative payroll data from ADP, I find that employers raised workers’ salaries to the ${\$}$913 threshold even after the policy was repealed. Over the following 18 months, difference-in-difference estimates reveal that employers did not slow the wage growth of workers affected by the policy relative to those already earning above ${\$}$913 per week, nor did they hire new employees at a lower pay rate. Real wages remained persistently elevated relative to what they would have been absent the policy and separation rates decreased among workers bunched at the ${\$}$913 threshold. Comparing highly exposed firms to unaffected firms, I find an increase in employers’ wage bill but no change in aggregate employment. Taken together, the results indicate that temporary policies impacting wage levels can have permanent impacts on the labor market. Survey responses collected by the Department of Labor suggest that morale concerns play a key role in driving the wage hysteresis.
Enhancing Cd and Pb tolerance of Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) by regulating antioxidant defense system, macroelement uptake and microstructure
Authors: Luo Xu-Feng , Yi Xuan-Tao , De-Zheng Wang , Wang Jiang-Yao , Zeng Peng , Zhou Hang , Gu Jiao-Feng , Liao Bo-Han , Li Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Woody plants had received considerable attention for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. This study aimed to investigate the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, macroelement uptake, and microstructure of the woody plant Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) for the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-contaminated soil based on dynamic sampling. The results showed that black locust demonstrated strong tolerance in Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil. After 30–120 d of cultivation, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and the macroelement (K and Ca) content in plant leaves significantly declined in response to Cd and Pb. However, after 160 d of cultivation, the antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll, sulfhydryl, and soluble protein contents, as well as Ca and Mg content in plant leaves were returned to normal levels under the 40 mg·kg−1 Cd and 1000 mg·kg−1 Pb contaminated soil (CdPb3). Meanwhile, K content in plant leaves under the CdPb3 treatment was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased by 68.9% compared to the control. Cd and Pb was primarily accumulated in black locust roots. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that the sieve tubes in the roots and stems of plant might block the transport of Cd and Pb. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis indicated that the number and volume of osmiophilic particles in plant leaves were increased and the cell walls were thickened in response to Cd and Pb stress. Path analysis further indicated that the growth of plant was related to macroelements uptake and physiological change (photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and chelation). Thus, black locust could effectively regulate the antioxidant defense system, macroelement absorption, and microstructure to enhance plant tolerance to Cd and Pb stress. Moreover, black locust could maintain the normal urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase activities in the Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil. These findings suggested that black locust could be considered as a useful woody plant for the phytostabilization in Cd and Pb-contaminated soil.
“But Why?”: Explanatory Feedback Is a Reliable Marker of High-Quality Narrative Assessment of Surgical Performance
Authors: Poeppelman Rachel Stork , Cho Junsang , Nachbor Kristine , Sekhar Tejas C. , Pruett Jack , Baim Adam , Strul Sasha , Barsam Alex , Langworthy Benjamin , Waxman Evan L. , Culican Susan M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study examines the quality of short narrative comments collected using an online workplace-based assessment (WBA) tool.

Method
The quality of comments collected by a WBA tool at the UPMC Ophthalmology Residency Training Program was evaluated between July 2017–June 2020. A randomized rating exercise involving 10 meta-raters from 6 institutions was performed to evaluate the value of narratives from deidentified WBAs. The tool captured a single-item entrustment competency question with brief comments. Comments were evaluated using a Quality of Assessment of Learning (QuAL) score (range, 0-5; ≥ 3 considered high quality) and on whether the assessor provided a feedback rationale.

Results
A total of 838 unique WBAs were collected from 15 attending evaluators. Comments were brief (median [interquartile range] length, 11 [7-17] words), yet 514 (61.3%) were rated as high quality (QuAL score ≥ 3). Of all 838 comments, 98 (11.7%) included a specific reason the evidence or suggestion was provided to the learner. Of these 98 comments, 94 (95.9%) met the high-quality feedback threshold. A higher QuAL score was associated with a higher postgraduate year (PGY) level (estimate [SE], 1.603 [0.428], P < .001 for PGY2 [reference]; 1.003 [0.389], P = .01 for PGY3; 1.079 [0.360], P = .003 for PGY4), suggesting more advanced learners receive higher-quality narrative comments. A correlation was found between a higher entrustment rating and a lower QuAL score (estimate [SE], −0.199 [0.053], P < .001). When the PGY level was controlled for, this association got stronger (estimate [SE], −0.310 [0.057], P < .001).

Conclusions
Analysis of WBA comments from attending physicians evaluated using the QuAL score demonstrated that most comments were high quality despite their brevity. Residents in later training years and with lower entrustment ratings received higher-quality comments. High-quality narrative assessments were longer and addressed rationale as part of the comment.
The Impact of Aging on Measurement of Continuity of Treatment Among Children Living With HIV in the PEPFAR Supported Program in Kenya
Authors: Odero Lydia , Chafetz Aaron , Gikura Mary , Goldstein Deborah , Golin Rachel , Kemunto Diana , Maina Nelly , Mutisya Immaculate , Muthoka Kennedy , Nganga Evelyn , Okegbe Tishina , Okutoyi Salome , Omoro Gonza , Wafula Rose , Achwoka Dunstan 
Published: February 2025

Background:
To reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality among children living with HIV (CLHIV), continuity of treatment is critical. We sought to understand how aging out among CLHIV in Kenya impacts estimates of treatment continuity.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on deidentified individual-level data from the Kenya National Data Warehouse for all clients who initiated and/or received antiretroviral therapy between the periods of October 2018 and September 2022 [US Government fiscal years (FYs) 2019–2022]. CLHIV previously on treatment and those newly initiating treatment were included in the analysis. Outcomes included aging out of childhood (turning 15 years old), interruption in treatment, return to treatment and remaining active on treatment.

Results:
The number of active CLHIV on treatment at the end of FY 2019 was 44,628. This changed to 48,218, 48,262 and 44,780 representing 8%, 0% and −7% cohort growth/reduction at the end of FYs 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Among those who were on treatment at the beginning of each FY, aging out of childhood accounted for 53%, 61% and 72% of the total cohort reductions for the periods 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Interruptions in treatment accounted for proportions ranging from 5% to 9% among those active on treatment, while those who aged out of childhood ranged between 11% and 13%. Among those who returned to treatment in each FY, the proportions who remained active at the end of the FY varied from 72% to 76%.

Conclusions:
Accounting for aging out of childhood can improve program estimates of their true rates of interruptions of treatment in children, as they work to achieve epidemic control among CLHIV.
Prospective Evaluation of Adherence to French Guidelines on Early Onset Sepsis Management
Authors: Affichard Florine , Brunet Stéphanie , El Hage Christelle , Julliand Sebastien , Lode Noella , Genuini Mathieu 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Early onset sepsis (EOS) is rare but potentially lethal. French guidelines were published in 2017 to improve the care of children. The aim of this study was to qualify and quantify inadequate antibiotic therapy management compared with the recommendations made by the new French guidelines.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted at the Robert Debré Hospital (Paris, France), a tertiary pediatric teaching center. Data were prospectively collected between May and October 2019. We included all neonates born at a gestational age ≥ 34 weeks who needed emergency transportation by the pediatric intensive care unit transport team during the first 72 hours of life. The primary outcome was the rate of antibiotic therapy initiation (or abstention) that did not respect the new French guidelines.

Results:
One hundred and seven patients were included. The median gestational age was 39 weeks and 6 days. Median weight was 3355 g. Fifty-eight births (54%) had at least 1 risk factor for EOS. Ninety-seven (91%) infants had at least 1 symptom of EOS, and 76 (71%) were treated with antibiotics. Three newborns (3%) had a documented EOS, and all of them survived. Antibiotic therapy initiation or abstention was adequate for 91% of our cohort (n = 107). Physicians prescribed inadequate biologic tests for 67 (63%) infants.

Conclusions:
There was a high adherence to the French EOS guidelines for antibiotic therapy initiation or abstention. No death related to EOS occurred in our cohort. Nevertheless, a high proportion of children had undergone inadequate biological tests.
Long-Term Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Adolescents
Authors: Han Mi Seon , Choi Sujin , Yoon Yoonsun , Kim Yun-Kyung , Cho Hye-Kyung , Yun Ki Wook , Song Seung Ha , Ahn Bin , Kim Ye Kyung , Choi Sung Hwan , Choe Young June , Lim Heeji , Choi Eun Bee , Kim Kwangwook , Hyeon Seokhwan , Lee Soyeon , Na Yoo Jin , Kim Byung-chul , Lee Yoo-kyoung , Choi Eun Hwa , Ahn Soyeon , Lee Hyunju 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic’s transition to an endemic phase emphasizes the importance of vaccination. Despite initial strong immunogenicity, waning of vaccine-induced immunity requires further investigation. Therefore, this study evaluated the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents, focusing on spike-specific and neutralizing antibody kinetics following primary and booster vaccinations as well as the impact of breakthrough infections.

Methods:
This observational study included 157 adolescents 12–17 years old who received the primary BNT162b2 vaccine and 22 participants who received booster doses. Antibody levels were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 10 months post-vaccination and post-booster. Breakthrough infections were identified using SARS-CoV-2 antigen/polymerase chain reaction tests. Safety was monitored by tracking adverse effects.

Results:
Post-primary vaccination, the geometric mean titer of anti-spike antibodies decreased significantly over time, with a 2.3-fold reduction after 10 months. Booster doses induced higher antibody titers, which also waned over time, albeit more slowly. Breakthrough infections significantly boosted neutralizing titers, including those against variants such as Delta and Omicron. Long-term adverse effects were minimal, with only 7 cases of transient lymph node enlargement and menstrual irregularities.

Conclusions:
The BNT162b2 vaccine induced robust initial immune responses in adolescents; however, the immunity waned over time. Booster doses are essential for sustained protection, especially against emerging variants. Breakthrough infections further enhance antibody responses, highlighting the benefits of hybrid immunity. The safety profile is generally favorable; however, ongoing monitoring is warranted.