bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of Glomerular Deposition of C3c and C3d in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroko , Suzuki Satoru , Haneda Masakazu , Gejyo Fumitake , Kikkawa Ryuichi 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> Complement activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. The clinico-pathological significance of the glomerular deposition of complement breakdown products, C3c and C3d in IgA nephropathy remains to be clarified. <i>Methods:</i> We examined the relationship between glomerular staining patterns of C3c and C3d and clinico-pathological findings with 163 patients with IgA nephropathy. Renal biopsy specimens were stained with C3c and C3d by immunofluorescence, and patients were divided into the following two groups: the intensity of C3c deposition stronger than C3d deposition, or equal to it (group A); the intensity of C3d deposition stronger than C3c deposition (group B). <i>Results:</i> In group A, the incidence of severe hematuria (over 20 urinary red blood cells in high-power field microscope (×400)) or of higher urinary fibrinogen degenerated products (over 0.1 μg/ml) was significantly higher than that in group B. In addition, group A showed a significant decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Group A also showed a significantly higher incidence of glomerular endocapillary proliferation than in group B. <i>Conclusion:</i> These findings suggest that the glomerular deposition of C3c is associated with the inflammatory active phase of glomeruli in IgA nephropathy.
Urinary Deoxypyridinoline Excretion for the Evaluation of Bone Turnover in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Coen Giorgio , Mantella Daniela , Calabria Santo , Sardella Daniela , Manni Micaela , Fassino Valeria , D’Anello Emanuela , Giustini Marco , Taggi Franco 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> The urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) was evaluated in predialysis chronic renal failure (CRF), together with intact PTH and several classic markers of bone turnover in order to assess whether urine free and total DPD excretion are equivalent parameters of bone turnover in CRF, and to evaluate the relationship between urine DPD excretion, PTH and the other bone markers. <i>Methods:</i> The study was carried out in 94 patients with different degrees of renal failure due to various kidney diseases. Besides urinary DPD expressed as free DPD, total DPD, free/total DPD, free DPD/Cr and total DPD/Cr, the following determinations were made: intact PTH, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), total alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (BGP), serum C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (ICTP) and hydroxyproline (OHpro). The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the increasing severity of renal failure (Ccr >40, 40–20, <20 ml/min). <i>Results:</i> The ratio free/total DPD decreased (NS) with advancing renal failure, and was inversely correlated with total DPD excretion. While PTH increased progressively to about four times the values observed in the Ccr >40 group, there was a parallel increase only in BGP and ICTP, parameters retained in the serum with decreasing renal function, while AP, BALP, total DPD and OHpro did not change. However, significant correlations between total DPD/Cr and PTH, BALP, BGP and ICTP were also found. <i>Conclusions:</i> In CRF free DPD is an unreliable index of bone turnover due to a probable interference in its production from the peptide-bound DPD. Total DPD or total DPD/Cr are better used. In spite of the significant correlations observed in advanced renal failure between PTH and most of the parameters examined, a resistance of bone tissue to PTH action in CRF must be considered.
Der kognitive Ansatz in der Komplextheorie von C.G. Jung und seine Bedeutung für die Psychotherapie
Authors: Tschudi Laurent 
Published: April 2003

Leider besteht für diesen Artikel keine Zusammenfassung. Als Einstieg stellen wir den Textanfang zur Verfügung. Im Zusammenhang mit der psychotherapeutischen Funktion der Analytischen Psychologie stellt sich in letzter Zeit immer häufiger die Frage nach deren psychotherapeutischer Vorgehensweise, d.h. nach der Methode und anzuwendenden Technik. Gleichzeitig wird auch nach ihrer Wirksamkeit gefragt. Diesbezüglich wird von Jungschen Psychologen teils auch heute noch einseitig auf einige Äusserungen Jungs verwiesen, wonach es für den therapeutischen Erfolg unter Voraussetzung einer entsprechenden Ausbildung des Therapeuten vor allem auf dessen Persönlichkeit ankomme [Jung, 1976b, § 198]. Daher brauche es für die Psychotherapie keine eigentliche Technik, eine solche könnte im Gegenteil eher schädlich sein. Jung habe nämlich gewarnt: «Man möge keine Rezepte aus der Psychoanalyse machen!» [Jung, 1971b, § 631]. Denn er vertrat die Ansicht, «dass die Psychotherapie nicht eine einfache und eindeutige Methode ist», sondern vielmehr «in gewissem Sinne ein dialektisches Verfahren ..., d.h. ein Zwiegespräch oder eine Auseinandersetzung zwischen zwei Personen» [Jung, 1976b, § 1]. Da der Therapeut beim dialektischen Verfahren «nicht mehr das handelnde Subjekt, sondern ein Miterlebender eines individuellen Entwicklungsprozesses» sei, müsse er in «diesem Falle auf alle seine Voraussetzungen und Techniken verzichten», d.h. alle Methoden meiden [Jung, 1976b, §§ 6–7].
Temporal Processing Deficits in Remediation-Resistant Reading-Impaired Children
Authors: Cacace Anthony T. , McFarland Dennis J. , Ouimet John R. , Schrieber Edward J. , Marro Peggy 
Published: April 2003

There is considerable interest in whether a deficit in temporal processing underlies specific learning and language disabilities in school-aged children. This view is particularly controversial in the area of developmental reading problems. The temporal-processing hypothesis was tested in a sample of normal children, 9–11 years of age, and in a sample of age-matched children with reading impairments, by assessing temporal-order discrimination. Five different binary temporal-order tasks were evaluated in the auditory and visual sensory modalities. Other basic discrimination abilities for single auditory stimuli were also assessed, including just noticeable differences (JNDs) for frequency and intensity and a simple threshold detection task. In these tasks, the temporal dimension was the duration of the individual stimuli (20 and 200 ms). All data were obtained using forced- choice psychophysical methods, either in a single-track adaptive format or using psychometric functions. The results from these experiments showed that children with reading impairments had deficits in temporal-order discrimination, but these effects were not modality specific. These same children also had significantly elevated frequency and intensity JNDs and their performance on these tasks were not dependent on stimulus duration. No group differences were observed on the threshold detection task, and the derived measurements of temporal integration (i.e. the threshold difference between the 20- and 200-ms stimuli) were considered normal, averaging 11.7 dB. As a whole, discrimination deficits observed in the reading-impaired group only occurred with suprathreshold stimuli. The deficits were neither modality specific nor temporal (duration) specific.
Intradialytic Cytokine Gene Expression
Authors: Roccatello Dario , Menegatti Elisa , Alfieri Victor , Rossi Daniela , DeLuca Annarita , Pignone Eugenia , Mengozzi Giulio , Cesano Giulio , Formica Marco , Martina Guido , Sena Luigi M. , Piccoli Giuseppe 
Published: April 2003

Along with the numerous technological improvements in molecular biology, polymerase chain reaction, which permits analysis of sequences of a very small amount of biological material, enables evaluation of hemodialysis-induced gene transcription of inflammatory cytokines. Blood samples drawn from 22 hemodialysis patients, treated with cellulose- derived or synthetic membranes, were collected at 0 and 15 min of hemodialysis. Total RNA, purified from mononuclear cells, was reverse transcribed and cDNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction primed with specific oligomers in order to determine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL) 1β and IL6 gene expression. Plasma samples were collected at 0 and 180 min for detection of mature cytokines by enzyme immunoassay with plates pre-coated with monoclonal antibodies to TNFα, IL1β and IL6. A significant increase in TNFα mRNA was detected at 15 min of hemodialysis in 12 of 22 patients: 5 of 9 treated with cuprophan; 3 of 3 with cellulose triacetate; 3 of 5 with polysulfone, and only 1 of 5 treated with polymethylmethacrylate membranes. A parallel increase in IL1β or IL6 mRNA was detected, and significant relationships were found between TNFα and IL1β (p < 0.001), and IL1β and IL6 gene expression (p < 0.05). Increased levels of mature TNFα and IL1β molecules in plasma were detected in the majority of patients showing an increased cytokine gene expression. However, the absolute amount of cytokine mRNA transcription at 15 min did not predict the levels of mature molecules reached in plasma at 180 min. Cytokine mRNA transcription is quite common at the beginning of a dialysis run. Possibly due to intracellular degradation of critical sequences of cytokine mRNA, gene expression does not necessarily imply translation into mature protein. It is suggested that mechanisms related to cell-to-cell interaction, which may possibly involve procytokine biology, are needed to drive phenomena of cytokine activation to clinical effectiveness.
New Polyether Sulfone Dialyzers Attenuate Passage of Cytokine- Inducing Substances from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Contaminated Dialysate
Authors: Jaber Bertrand L. , Gonski Julie A. , Cendoroglo Miguel , Balakrishnan V.S. , Razeghi Peter , Dinarello Charles A. , Pereira Brian J.G. 
Published: April 2003

The use of bicarbonate dialysate and high-flux and reprocessed dialyzers has raised concerns about the reverse transfer of dialysate contaminants into the blood compartment. This in vitro study was performed to investigate the reverse transfer of soluble <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacterial products across a polyether sulfone (PES), a newly developed synthetic polymer dialyzer. In vitro dialysis was carried out at 37°C in a closed countercurrent recirculating loop dialysis circuit with a new PES dialyzer. An equal mixture of heparinized whole blood (from healthy volunteers) with pyrogen-free tissue culture medium was circulated in the blood compartment, and bicarbonate dialysate was circulated in the dialysate compartment. After 15 min of dialysis, the dialysate was challenged sequentially with 10<sup>–4</sup>, 10<sup>–3</sup>, and 10<sup>–2</sup> dilutions of a <i>P. aeruginosa</i> culture supernatant. 1-ml samples were drawn from the blood compartment 5 and 15 min after each challenge and incubated upright at 37°C. At the end of 24 h, Triton X-100 was added, in order to extract total interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-8 production by the whole-blood mixture. These cytokines were measured by electrochemiluminescence assays. At dilutions of 10<sup>–4</sup> and 10<sup>–3</sup>, the reverse transfer of soluble bacterial products across the dialyzer was negligible. Five and 15 min after contaminating the dialysate with the highest concentration (10<sup>–2</sup> dilution), the increase in IL-6 production was 239 ± 170% (p = 0.06) and 886 ± 444% (p = 0.02), respectively. However, comparing the IL-6-inducing potency of the 10<sup>–2</sup> bacterial supernatant dilution to the spontaneous IL-6 production in the blood compartment during dialysis with the same dilution of dialysate contaminant, there was a dramatic reduction in IL-6 production by 94 and 89% at 5 and 15 min, respectively. Similarly, 5 and 15 min after contaminating the dialysate with the 10<sup>–2</sup> dilution, the increase in IL-8 production was 357 ± 147% (p = 0.07) and 630 ± 229% (p = 0.04), respectively. However, comparing the IL-8-inducing potency of the 10<sup>–2</sup> bacterial supernatant dilution to the spontaneous IL-8 production in the blood compartment during dialysis with the same dilution of dialysate contaminant, there was a dramatic reduction in IL-8 production by 93 and 92% at 5 and 15 min, respectively. These results demonstrate that PES dialyzers markedly attenuate passage of cytokine-inducing substances from contaminated dialysate, using a method that detects the entire cytokine synthetic output in the blood compartment.
Cytokine Filtration and Adsorption during Pre- and Postdilution Hemofiltration in Four Different Membranes
Authors: Bouman Catherine S.C. , van Olden Rudolf W. , Stoutenbeek Christiaan P. 
Published: April 2003

In the present in vitro study we investigated filtration and adsorption of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) during predilution and postdilution hemofiltration with polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide and cellulose triacetate membranes. The median sieving coefficient (SC) for all membranes was 0.0 for TNF-α, below 0.15 for IL-6 and below 0.15 for IL-8 during postdilution hemofiltration. Differences in SC between filtration modes were less than 0.05. Maximal differences in SC between membranes were 0.11 for IL-6, 0.0 for TNF-α, and 0.11 for IL-8. The progressive decrease in cytokine concentrations was identical between the two filtration modes and most pronounced with the polyacrylonitrile membrane (reduction 77% for IL-6, 39% for TNF-α and 95% for IL-8 after 4 h of hemofiltration). The relative contribution of adsorption to the reduction in cytokines was 100% for TNF-α for all membranes, between 53 (cellulose triacetate) and 83% (polyacrylonitrile) for IL-6, and for IL-8 between 0 (polysulfone) and 100% (polyacrylonitrile). In conclusion, the reduction in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 was most impressive with the polyacrylonitrile membrane after 4 h of hemofiltration and was largely due to adsorption. Adsorption of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 was also seen with the other membranes. None of the membranes filtered TNF-α. Sieving of IL-6 and IL-8 was low for all membranes with only marginal differences between membranes or between filtration modes.
Microembolic Load in Asymptomatic Patients with Cardiac Aneurysm, Severe Ventricular Dysfunction, and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nabavi Darius G. , Arato Susanne , Droste Dirk W. , Schulte-Altedorneburg Gernot , Kemény Vendel , Reinecke Holger , Borggrefe Martin , Breithardt Günter , Ringelstein E. Bernd 
Published: April 2003

Transcranial Doppler sonography has become a widely used method for detecting cerebral circulating microemboli (ME) arising from the carotid arteries or the heart. Yet, studies on subgroups of patients with distinct cardiac sources of embolism are still limited. The same holds true for investigations on the relationship between microembolization and hemorheological parameters. A total of 142 patients suffering from left ventricular aneurysm (LVA, n = 52), severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVD, n = 43), or chronic atrial fibrillation (AF, n = 47) were enrolled in this study. All patients had been neurologically asymptomatic for at least 1 month. Further relevant embolic disorders of the carotid arteries and the heart had been excluded. Unilateral monitoring for ME over the middle cerebral artery was performed for 30 min. Blood was drawn after each monitoring for determination of plasmatic coagulation parameters, as well as plasma viscosity, and platelet reactivity. The overall prevalence of ME was 31%, with a slightly higher prevalence in patients with LVA (37%) compared to patients suffering from AF (30%) or LVD (26%). With single-factor analysis, a trend towards higher ME prevalences was found with (a) a history of remote embolic events, (b) ineffective anticoagulation, (c) increased platelet aggregation, or (d) increased plasma viscosity (all p > 0.1). The combination of ineffective anticoagulation in conjunction with increased platelet aggregation, however, was significantly associated with higher ME rates even after adjustment for other factors by logistic regression analysis. Our results demonstrate a low ongoing microembolic activity in asymptomatic patients suffering from LVA, LVD and AF. An activated plasmatic coagulation system together with increased platelet aggregation contributes to ME generation.
The Athens Stroke Registry: Results of a Five-Year Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Vemmos Kostas N. , Takis Constantino E. , Georgilis Kostis , Zakopoulos Nikolaos A. , Lekakis John P. , Papamichael Christos M. , Zis Vasilios P. , Stamatelopoulos Stamatis 
Published: April 2003

The advent and wide application of new technology, especially noninvasive techniques, has enabled physicians to more completely investigate and clarify the etiopathogenic mechanisms of stroke. Such data have not been available until recently for Southeastern Europe. In addition, during the last decades, strategies for the modification of risk factors and primary prevention may have changed the prevalence of each subgroup of stroke as well. We investigated 1,042 consecutive patients who had first strokes, during a period of 5 years (from June 1992 to May 1997) and classified them prospectively based on etiopathogenic mechanisms. Patients with transient ischemic attacks and subarachnoid hemorrhage were excluded. There were 613 male and 429 female patients, with a mean age of 70.2 ± 11.9 years. Forty-six percent of the patients arrived within 3 h from stroke onset. The probable mechanisms were: large-artery atherosclerosis, 156 (15%); lacunes, 177 (17%); cardioembolic, 335 (32.1%); infarct of unknown cause, 182 (17.5%); miscellaneous causes, 35 (3.3%), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 157 (15.1%). In the cardioembolic group, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) was the probable cause in 225 patients, especially in patients older than 75 years (65%). The overall hospital mortality was 15.2% (from 0.6% for lacunar stroke to 34% for ICH). In our population, cardioembolism is the most frequent subtype of stroke. NVAF is the most likely source, especially in older patients.
Remote Effects of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Xenon CT Cerebral Blood Flow Study
Authors: Rubin Giorgio , Levy Elad I. , Scarrow Alan M. , Firlik Andrew D. , Karakus Alaad din , Wechsler Lawrence R. , Jungreis Charles A. , Yonas Howard 
Published: April 2003

<i>Objective:</i> The purpose of this study was to verify transhemispheric diaschisis in the early hours after an ischemic event. <i>Methods:</i> XeCT cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies within 8 h of stroke were studied in 23 patients. Mean CBF was evaluated in the ischemic area, contralateral hemisphere and ipsilateral cerebellum. <i>Results:</i> A severe CBF reduction was found in the ischemic area (mean 9 ± 3 ml/100 g/min). The mean CBF in the unaffected hemisphere (33 ± 10 ml/100 g/min) was 35% less compared to the normal mean value. CBF was decreased in the cerebellum ipsilateral to the stroke (mean 31 ± 12 ml/100 g/min) suggesting a blood flow depression of the whole brain. <i>Conclusions:</i> During the initial hours of cerebral ischemia, the asymptomatic hemisphere demonstrated CBF depression that was part of the global flow reduction.
Microembolus Detections at Follow-Up in 19 Patients with Acute Stroke
Authors: Droste Dirk W. , Ritter Martin , Kemény Vendel , Schulte-Altedorneburg Gernot , Ringelstein E. Bernd 
Published: April 2003

The present study was designed to perform follow-up transcranial Doppler investigations for microembolic signals (MES) in acute stroke patients by means of a strict protocol. The number of MES was correlated with stroke etiology and the strength of antithrombotic treatment. Concurrently, we wanted to demonstrate that MES in acute stroke patients are solid in nature and not gaseous. Nineteen patients with middle cerebral artery ischemic events, 16 with completed stroke and 3 with transient ischemic attack (TIA) were investigated within 24 h following the onset of symptoms. Six 1-hour recordings on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 were performed from the affected middle cerebral artery. The four-gate technique and recently established criteria for the identification of MES were used. Eight of 19 patients showed MES in at least one recording. Variability was high and showed no uniform tendency with respect to time since onset of symptoms or treatment. All 3 patients with internal carotid artery dissection showed MES. In 3 patients with lacunar stroke, no MES were detected. Two patients with MES suffered recurrent TIAs during the observation period, whereas none of the patients without MES suffered a recurrent ischemic event. In the acute phase following stroke, ongoing, emerging and vanishing embolization in some patients may reflect individual active processes of remodelling, healing and disruption or disappearance of the embolic source.
Clinical Correlations of Diffusion and Perfusion Lesion Volumes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Baird Alison E. , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Dashe John F. , Connor Ann , Burzynski Cara , Schlaug Gottfried , Straroselskaya Irina , Edelman Robert R. , Warach Steven 
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to describe the clinico-radiological correlations of magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities in ischemic stroke. Eighteen patients had undergone MR imaging and clinical evaluation within 24 h of symptom onset and at or after 7 days. During the first 24 h the volume of perfusion abnormality (measured on the relative mean transit time map) was larger than the DWI lesion in 12/18 patients. In 6/18 patients the DWI lesion volume was larger. Acutely (<24 h) all lesion volumes showed a significant correlation with acute clinical severity measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. The correlations of the hypoperfusion volume (rho = 0.86, p = 0.0001) and the volume ‘tissue at risk’ (larger than the DWI and perfusion lesion volumes, rho = 0.86, p = 0.0001) with acute clinical severity were slightly higher than for the DWI lesion volume (rho = 0.76, p = 0.0001). The difference between the volume of tissue at risk (acutely) and the infarct on follow-up T<sub>2</sub>-weighted imaging correlated significantly with change in clinical severity from acute to chronic time points (rho = 0.72, p = 0.001). Such clinico-radiological relationships may support the use of DWI and perfusion MR in decisions concerning the administration and evaluation of stroke therapies.