bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Primary Human Macrophages
Authors: Perez-Bercoff Danielle , David Annie , Sudry Hugues , Barré-Sinoussi Françoise , Pancino Gianfranco 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTPermissiveness of monocytes and macrophages to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is modulated by various stimuli. In this study we demonstrate that stimulation of primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) through the receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (FcγR) inhibits HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Viral p24 production was decreased by 1.5 to 3 log units in MDM infected with both R5 and X4 HIV-1 strains upon stimulation by immobilized IgG but not upon stimulation by soluble IgG or by F(ab′)2IgG fragments. Although MDM activation by immobilized IgG induced high levels of macrophage-derived chemokine secretion as well as a sustained down-regulation of CD4 and a transient decrease in CCR5 expression, these factors did not appear to play a major role in the suppression of HIV-1 replication. Single-cycle infection of FcγR-stimulated MDM with HIV-1 virions pseudotyped with either HIV-1 R5 or vesicular stomatitis virus G envelopes was inhibited, suggesting a postentry restriction of viral replication. PCR analyses of HIV-1 DNA intermediate replication forms suggested that reverse transcription is not affected by stimulation with immobilized human IgG, at least during the first replication cycle. The accumulation of PCR products corresponding to nuclear unintegrated two-long-terminal-repeat circles and the relative decrease of integrated HIV-1 DNA signals suggest an inhibition of proviral integration. Our data, showing that FcγR-mediated activation of MDM is a potent mechanism of HIV-1 suppression, raise the possibility that FcγR cross-linking by immune complexes may contribute to the control of viral replication in macrophages.
Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication Occurs on a Detergent-Resistant Membrane That Cofractionates with Caveolin-2
Authors: Shi Stephanie T. , Lee Ki-Jeong , Aizaki Hideki , Hwang Soon B. , Lai Michael M. C. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT
The mechanism and machinery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication are still poorly understood. In this study, we labeled de novo-synthesized viral RNA in situ with bromouridine triphosphate (BrUTP) in Huh7 cells expressing an HCV subgenomic replicon. By immunofluorescence staining using an anti-BrUTP antibody and confocal microscopy, we showed that the newly synthesized HCV RNA was localized to distinct speckle-like structures, which also contain all of the HCV nonstructural (NS) proteins. These speckles are distinct from lipid droplets and are separated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where some HCV NS proteins also reside. Membrane flotation analysis demonstrated that almost all of the NS5A and part of the NS5B proteins and all of the viral RNA were present in membrane fractions which are resistant to treatment with 1% NP-40 at 4°C. They were cofractionated with caveolin-2, a lipid-raft-associated intracellular membrane protein, in the presence or absence of the detergent. In contrast, the ER-resident proteins were detergent soluble. These properties suggest that the membranes on which HCV RNA replication occurs are lipid rafts recruited from the intracellular membranes. The protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and puromycin did not inhibit viral RNA synthesis, indicating that HCV RNA replication does not require continuous protein synthesis. We suggest that HCV RNA synthesis occurs on a lipid raft membrane structure.
Nighttime Outdoor Artificial Light and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kim Su Hwan , Kim Young Kook , Shin Young In , Kang Goneui , Kim Seong Pyo , Lee Hajoung , Hong In Hwan , Chang In Boem , Hong Soon-Beom , Yoon Hyung-Jin , Ha Ahnul 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceLight pollution’s impact on human health is increasingly recognized, but its link to exudative age-related macular degeneration (EAMD) remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between exposure to outdoor artificial light at night (OALAN) and the risk of incident EAMD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this nationwide population-based case-control study, all individuals 50 years or older with newly diagnosed EAMD between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, were identified with reference to the Korean National Health Insurance Service registration program database for rare and intractable diseases. Birth year– and sex-matched controls (with no EAMD diagnosis until 2020) were selected at a 1:30 ratio. Data were acquired from May 1 to December 31, 2021, and analyzed from June 1 to November 30, 2022.ExposuresMean levels of OALAN at participants’ residential addresses during 2008 and 2009 were estimated using time-varying satellite data for a composite view of persistent nighttime illumination at an approximate scale of 1 km2.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of the association between residential OALAN and risk of incident EAMD were determined based on maximum likelihood estimation after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and area-level risk factors (ie, nighttime traffic noise and particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm in each participant’s administrative district of residence).ResultsA total of 126 418 participants were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 66.0 [7.9] years; 78 244 men [61.9%]). Of these, 4078 were patients with newly diagnosed EAMD and 122 340 were EAMD-free matched controls. In fully adjusted models, an IQR (55.8 nW/cm2/sr) increase in OALAN level was associated with an HR of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.56-1.78) for incident EAMD. The exposure-response curve demonstrated a nonlinear, concave upward slope becoming more pronounced at higher levels of light exposure (ie, at approximately 110 nW/cm2/sr). In a subgroup analysis, an IQR increase in OALAN was associated with increased risk of incident EAMD in urban areas (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.33-1.61]) but not in rural areas (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.84-1.22]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationwide population-based case-control study, higher levels of residential OALAN were associated with an increased risk of incident EAMD. Future studies with more detailed information on exposure, individual adaptive behaviors, and potential mediators are warranted.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Neuroimmunological Disease
Authors: Willison Alice Grizzel , Pawlitzki Marc , Lunn Michael Peter , Willison Hugh John , Hartung Hans-Peter , Meuth Sven Günther 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceThe temporal association between the occurrence of neurological diseases, many autoimmune diseases, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been topically interesting and remains hotly debated both in the medical literature and the clinic. Given the very low incidences of these events both naturally occurring and in relation to vaccination, it is challenging to determine with certainty whether there is any causative association and most certainly what the pathophysiology of that causation could be.ObservationsData from international cohorts including millions of vaccinated individuals suggest that there is a probable association between the adenovirus-vectored vaccines and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Further associations between other SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and GBS or Bell palsy have not been clearly demonstrated in large cohort studies, but the possible rare occurrence of Bell palsy following messenger RNA vaccination is a topic of interest. It is also yet to be clearly demonstrated that any other neurological diseases, such as central nervous system demyelinating disease or myasthenia gravis, have any causative association with vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 using any vaccine type, although it is possible that vaccination may rarely trigger a relapse or worsen symptoms or first presentation in already-diagnosed or susceptible individuals.Conclusions and RelevanceThe associated risk between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and GBS, and possibly Bell palsy, is slight, and this should not change the recommendation for individuals to be vaccinated. The same advice should be given to those with preexisting neurological autoimmune disease.
The trade‐off between deaths by infection and socio‐economic costs in the emerging infectious disease
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Matsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19, caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), is an emerging infectious disease (EID) with a relatively high infectivity and mortality rate. During the state of emergency announced by the Japanese government in the spring of 2020, citizens were requested to stay home, and the number of infected people was drastically reduced without a legally‐binding lockdown. It is well‐acknowledged that there is a trade‐off between maintaining economic activity and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. We aimed to reduce the total loss caused by the epidemic of an EID like COVID‐19 in the present study. We focused on early and late stages of the epidemic and proposed a framework to reduce the total loss resulted from the damage by infection and the cost for the countermeasure. Mathematical epidemic models were used to estimate the effect of interventions on the number of deaths by infection. The total loss was converted into the monetary base and different policies were compared. In the early stage, we calculated the damage by infection when behavioral restrictions were implemented. The favorable intensity of the intervention depended on the basic reproduction number, infection fatality rate, and the economic impact. In the late stage, we calculated indicators and showed it depended on the ratio of the cost to maintain the hospitalization system to the monetary loss per deaths caused by infection to determine which strategy should be adopted.
Importance of restoration of dung beetles in the maintenance of ecosystem services
Authors: Torabian Shiva , Leffler A. Joshua , Perkins Lora 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Dung beetles have key roles in ecosystems including accelerating dung decomposition, improving nutrient cycling and influencing physical (such as structure) and chemical (such as pH and available nutrients) soil properties. Without dung beetles, dung decomposition slows, nutrient cycling is impaired, and water infiltration decreases.

Dung beetles face various threats, including climate change, anthropogenic chemicals and habitat degradation. However, there is limited information on the restoration of dung beetles in areas where they have been lost.

The restoration framework utilized in this review considers three primary facets: environmental conditions, which encompass crucial abiotic features; biotic characteristics, which involve all other species; and focal species, which denote all native functional groups of species that require reintroduction or re‐establishment.

This review aims to examine the ecosystem services provided by dung beetles, highlight the threats they face and conceptualize a restoration framework for these crucial organisms.
Plasmonic‐Pyroelectric Materials and Structures
Authors: Wang Qingping , Bowen Chris R. , Valev Ventsislav K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the growing global energy crisis, research into new energy materials that can potentially transfer heat into electricity has become a worldwide imperative. Pyroelectric materials are polar materials that are able to produce electrical charge in response to temperature change. These materials are of interest for infrared sensing, energy harvesting, and emerging applications in chemistry and biology. However, unlocking their potential requires the temperature changes to be both large and rapid. To achieve this goal, pyroelectric materials can be used in synergy with plasmonic nanomaterials, which provide highly localized and rapid heating upon illumination at the plasmonic resonances. Plasmonic‐pyroelectric combinations are therefore being used for a variety of electrical, thermal, electrochemical, and biological studies and are inspiring new technological applications. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of the pyroelectric and plasmonic effects are introduced and the benefits of combining them are outlined. A range of applications is then overviewed. Critical challenges and future perspectives to further develop the underlying science of these systems and to create highly efficient plasmonic‐pyroelectric materials and structures are discussed.
Multisensory Ferroelectric Semiconductor Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zeng Jinhua , Feng Guangdi , Wu Guangjian , Liu Jianquan , Zhao Qianru , Wang Huiting , Wu Shuaiqin , Wang Xudong , Chen Yan , Han Suting , Tian Bobo , Duan Chungang , Lin Tie , Ge Jun , Shen Hong , Meng Xiangjian , Chu Junhao , Wang Jianlu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntegrated multifunctionality in visual information processing is crucial in the artificial intelligence era. Compared to the parallel human vision system, current bionic vision devices exhibit a complex structure with single functionality, challenging intelligent processing and integration. Here, a multisensory artificial synapse with a crossbar structure comprising graphene/α‐In2Se3/graphene layers is demonstrated, merging sensing, memory, and computing while mimicking various synaptic properties. The Schottky barrier height is modulated by the polarization of ferroelectric semiconductor α‐In2Se3, enabling reconfigurable device conductance and photoresponsivity. This conductance emulates synaptic short‐term and long‐term plasticity through electrical pulse modulation, boasting a rapid 40 ns programming speed. The device also exhibits linearly regulated photoresponsivity under illumination, with synaptic plasticity from optical pulses. The fusion of electronic and optoelectronic devices enables both image front‐end processing and advanced post‐processing. In‐sensor front‐end processing enhances subsequent processing efficiency, with pattern recognition accuracy reaching 97%. This design fosters the advancement of multisensory and highly integrated neuromorphic vision systems.
MXene Boosted Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine in Genomic DNA from Complex Backgrounds
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Wang Zhigang , Hu Dingmeng , Chen Huiqin , Yan Yufei , Li Yuan , Tu Mengjing , Shen Qiaofeng , Liu Xuanyi , Li Rui , Lu Cheng , Xue Fei , Xie Congying , Yang Gen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA (5hmC‐DNA), a predominant epigenetic mark, plays key roles in a broad range of bioprocesses such as cancer progression. However, efficient detection of 5hmC‐DNA, especially from highly complex biological specimens, remains a harsh challenge due to its low abundance as well as the serious disturbance of non‐targets. Leveraging MXene as the signal booster, an electrochemical biosensing technique is presented here for ultrasensitive detection of 5hmC‐DNA from complex biological samples. The developed technique integrates enzyme‐catalyzed transform of the hydroxyl group of 5hmC, sequence‐specific recognition of the 5hmC‐DNA targets, and facile electrochemical reaction. Remarkably, nanosized Ti3C2Tx MXene is introduced as a highly conductive agent, managing to greatly boost the signals. Exhibiting outstanding consistency and robustness, the technique not only achieves excellent linear responses in a broad range of 5hmC‐DNA (1.0 × 10−13–1.0 × 10−9 m) with the lowest detection limit of 59 fM but also possesses excellent selectivity against 5hmC analogs of including cytosine (C)‐ and 5‐methylcytosine (5mC). More importantly, a proof‐of‐concept validation demonstrates the extraordinary ability of this technique for directly detecting 5hmC‐DNA from complex backgrounds including cellular genomic extracts and serum of irradiated or non‐irradiated mice, suggesting its highly promising potential for diverse applications such as early cancer screening.
A Novel 3D‐Printed Bi‐Layer Cranial‐Brain Patch Promotes Brain Injury Repair and Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Zhou Liming , Liu Huiling , Zhang Borui , Wei Chengxiu , Zhou Shihao , Huang Xiaoying , Zhong Xiaoxuan , Zhang Li , Bi Wei , Liu Jianghui , Liang Yizhi , Jin Long , Guo Rui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), recognized as the world's most serious public health problem, currently lacks effective treatment options. The development of the patch has great clinical significance whether it is used as a skull implant material or TBI repair. In response to this critical health challenge, a novel 3D‐printed bi‐layer cranial‐brain patch (SMB6) with dual functionality, addressing both TBI repair and skull regeneration, is developed. In the first layer, the incorporation of high concentrations of mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles establishes a microenvironment for bone regeneration. Meanwhile, the second layer, comprised of methacrylated silk fibroin hydrogel, provides essential mechanical support for nanocell membrane vesicles loaded with macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐6. This innovative design aims to interrupt the cascade of secondary brain injury. In experimental models of TBI, SMB6 demonstrates remarkable efficacy in inhibiting brain edema, exerting therapeutic effects on blood vessels, nerves, and inflammation. Additionally, promising outcomes are observed in promoting bone regeneration in skull defect models. This work not only introduces a potential therapeutic patch for TBI‐related diseases but also provides novel insights for the clinical translation of cranial patches.
Enhancing Zn‐Metal Anode Stability: Key Effects of Electrolyte Additives on Ion‐Shield‐Like Electrical Double Layer and Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Weng Jianqiang , Zhu Wenqi , Yu Kun , Luo Jing , Chen Meixin , Li Liuyan , Zhuang Yuhang , Xia Kailai , Lu Zhixing , Hu Yajie , Yang Chengkai , Wu Mingmao , Zou Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOwing to zinc dendrites and parasitic reactions, aqueous Zn‐metal batteries often suffer from poor reversibility and cyclability. Electrolyte additives present a promising strategy to improve Zn anode stability. However, the ever‐evolving perspectives and mechanisms, paradoxically, complicate battery design, causing a scenario where any electrolyte additive seems to be effective. Herein, it is taken ionic liquid (IL) additives as an example and detailed explored the impact of three typical IL anions, namely OTF−, TFA−, and BF4−. It is identified that the primary determinant of electrolyte additives as their electrical double layer (EDL) structures and their subsequent solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) composition. An advantageous EDL structure, akin to an ion‐shield, can reduce the absorption of H2O molecules, which further enrich the SEI with zincophilic and hydrophobic components, thereby mitigating parasitic reactions and Zn dendrite formation. As a result, the Zn||Zn cell with optimal [EMIM]OTF additives demonstrates an exceptional cycling life under challenging conditions, its cumulative plated capacity surpasses most previously reported results by utilizing different IL additives. This work extends beyond performance enhancements, representing a valuable exploration of key criteria for electrolyte additives is believed. These insights are expected to offer fundamental guidance for future research and electrolyte design.
Construction of Fe Nanoclusters/Nanoparticles to Engineer FeN4 Sites on Multichannel Porous Carbon Fibers for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhe , Lu Zhe , Ye Qitong , Yang Zhenbei , Xu Ruojie , Kong Kexin , Zhang Yifan , Yan Tao , Liu Yipu , Pan Zhijuan , Huang Yizhong , Lu Xuehong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFe–N–C catalysts are emerging as promising alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), while they still suffer from sluggish reaction kinetics due to the discontented binding affinity between the Fe‐N4 sites and oxygen‐containing intermediates, and unsatisfactory stability. Herein, a flexible multichannel carbon fiber membrane immobilized with atomically dispersed Fe‐N4 sites and neighboring Fe nanoclusters/nanoparticles (FeN4‐FeNCP@MCF) is synthesized. The optimized geometric and electronic structures of the Fe atomic sites brought by adjacent Fe nanoclusters/nanoparticles and hierarchically porous structure of the carbon matrix endow FeN4‐FeNCP@MCF with outstanding ORR activity and stability, considerably outperforming its counterpart with FeN4 sites only and the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Liquid and solid‐state flexible zinc–air batteries employing FeN4‐FeNCP@MCF both exhibit outstanding durability. Theoretical calculation reveals that the Fe nanoclusters can trigger remarkable electron redistribution of the FeN4 sites and modulate the hybridization of central Fe 3d and O 2p orbitals, facilitating the activation of O2 molecules and optimizing the adsorption capacity of oxygen‐containing intermediates on FeN4 sites, and thus accelerating the ORR kinetic. This work offers an effective approach to constructing coupling catalysts that have single atoms coexisting with nanoclusters/nanoparticles for efficient ORR catalysis.
3D Niche‐Inspired Scaffolds as a Stem Cell Delivery System for the Regeneration of the Osteochondral Interface
Authors: Camarero‐Espinosa Sandra , Beeren Ivo , Liu Hong , Gomes David B. , Zonderland Jip , Lourenço Ana Filipa H , van Beurden Denis , Peters Marloes , Koper David , Emans Pieter , Kessler Peter , Rademakers Timo , Baker Matthew B. , Bouvy Nicole , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe regeneration of the osteochondral unit represents a challenge due to the distinct cartilage and bone phases. Current strategies focus on the development of multiphasic scaffolds that recapitulate features of this complex unit and promote the differentiation of implanted bone‐marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs). In doing so, challenges remain from the loss of stemness during in vitro expansion of the cells and the low control over stem cell activity at the interface with scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Here, this work scaffolds inspired by the bone marrow niche that can recapitulate the natural healing process after injury. The construct comprises an internal depot of quiescent BMSCs, mimicking the bone marrow cavity, and an electrospun (ESP) capsule that “activates” the cells to migrate into an outer “differentiation‐inducing” 3D printed unit functionalized with TGF‐β and BMP‐2 peptides. In vitro, niche‐inspired scaffolds retained a depot of nonproliferative cells capable of migrating and proliferating through the ESP capsule. Invasion of the 3D printed cavity results in location‐specific cell differentiation, mineralization, secretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and genetic upregulation of collagen II and collagen I. In vivo, niche‐inspired scaffolds are biocompatible, promoted tissue formation in rat subcutaneous models, and regeneration of the osteochondral unit in rabbit models.