bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased nitrotyrosine production in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Troxler M , Naseem K M , Homer-Vanniasinkam S 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Background
Vascular inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and is thought to involve reactive species such as the nitric oxide-derived oxidant peroxynitrite. In the present study nitrotyrosine was measured as a stable marker of peroxynitrite production in vivo.

Methods
Perioperative blood samples were obtained from patients undergoing elective open or endovascular repair of an AAA and from patients with intermittent claudication, smoking aged-matched controls, non-smoking aged-matched controls and non-smoking young healthy controls. Plasma nitrotyrosine was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The median plasma nitrotyrosine concentration in patients with an AAA (0·46 nmol nitrated bovine serum albumin equivalents per mg protein) was significantly higher than that in patients with intermittent claudication (0·35 nmol; P = 0·002), smoking controls (0·36 nmol; P = 0·001), non-smoking controls (0·35 nmol; P = 0·002) and young healthy controls (0·27 nmol; P &lt; 0·001). Nitrotyrosine concentrations increased during early reperfusion in open AAA repair, but not during endovascular repair. AAA exclusion from the circulation reduced levels to control values (P = 0·001).

Conclusion
Patients with an AAA had raised levels of circulating nitrated proteins compared with patients with claudication and controls, suggesting a greater degree of ongoing inflammation that was not related to smoking.
High incidence of in-transit metastases after sentinel node biopsy in patients with melanoma
Authors: Estourgie S H , Nieweg O E , Kroon B B R 
Published: August 2004

Abstract

Background
The occurrence of in-transit metastases in patients with a tumour-positive sentinel node varies greatly between centres and it has been suggested that the incidence is high in this patient group.

Methods
The incidence of in-transit metastases in 61 patients who had lymph node dissection because of a tumour-positive sentinel node was compared with that in 60 patients who had palpable nodal metastases dissected.

Results
The incidence of in-transit metastases was 23 per cent in patients with a positive sentinel node and 8 per cent in those with palpable nodes (P = 0·027).

Conclusion
Sentinel node biopsy was associated with a higher risk of in-transit metastases. This finding does not support the routine use of sentinel node biopsy in the management of melanoma.
Highly Selective, Recyclable Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Catalyzed by Dinuclear Peroxotungstate
Authors: Kamata Keigo , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe highly chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselective and stereospecific epoxidation of various allylic alcohols with only one equivalent of hydrogen peroxide in water can be efficiently catalyzed by the dinuclear peroxotungstate, K2[{W(O)(O2)2(H2O)}2(μ‐O)]⋅ 2 H2O (I). The catalyst is easily recycled while maintaining its catalytic performance. The catalytic reaction mechanism including the exchange of the water ligand to form the tungsten–alcoholate species followed by the insertion of oxygen to the carbon–carbon double bond, and the regeneration of the dinuclear peroxotungstate with hydrogen peroxide is proposed. The reaction rate shows first‐order dependence on the concentrations of allylic alcohol and dinuclear peroxotungstate and zero‐order dependence on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. These results, the kinetic data, the comparison of the catalytic rates with those for the stoichiometric reactions, and kinetic isotope effects indicate that the oxygen transfer from a dinuclear peroxotungstate to the double bond is the rate‐limiting step for terminal allylic alcohols such as 2‐propen‐1‐ol (1 a).
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Two New Polychalcogenides [Mn(C6H14N2)3]Se6 and [Mn(C6H14N2)3]2 [C6H16N2](TeSe2)2Se.
Authors: Wendland Frank , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NH4[BPO4F]: A Novel Open‐Framework Ammonium Fluorinated Borophosphate with a Zeolite‐Like Structure Related to Gismondine Topology.
Authors: Li Man‐Rong , Liu Wei , Ge Ming‐Hui , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhao Jing‐Tai 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[Mn2(AsS4)4]8‐ and [Cd2(AsS4)2(AsS5)2] 8‐: Discrete Clusters with High Negative Charge from Alkali Metal Polythioarsenate Fluxes.
Authors: Iyer Ratnasabapathy G. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
K2Ag6Sn3S10: A Quaternary Sulfide Composed of Silver Sulfide Layers Pillared by Zigzag Chains 1∞[SnS3]2‐.
Authors: Baiyin Menghe , An Yonglin , Liu Xin , Ji Min , Jia Cuiying , Ning Guiling 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel and Direct Method for the Preparation of 4‐Amino‐1,1,3,3‐tetrasubstituted Guanidines and of [1,2,4]Triazolo‐Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives.
Authors: Abdul‐Ghani M. , Khattab Sh. N. , El‐Massry A. M. , El‐Faham A. , Amer Adel 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Green Protocol for the Synthesis of vicinal‐Halohydrins from Oxiranes Using the [Bmim]PF6/LiX Reagent System.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Reddy Ch. Srinivas , Rajasekhar K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ethyl Acetates as a Pro‐Reducing Agent in a One‐Pot Reductive Deamination of Nitroanilines.
Authors: Bacherikov Valeriy A. , Wang May‐Jane , Cheng Shu‐Yun , Chen Ching‐Huang , Chen Kuo‐Tung , Su Tsann‐Long 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Trimethylsilyl Enolates of Esters and Imides. High Functional Group Tolerance and Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Aryl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiang , Hartwig John F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Weinreb Amides Using 4‐(4,6‐Dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium Chloride (DMT‐MM).
Authors: Hioki Kazuhito , Kobayashi Hiroko , Ohkihara Rumi , Tani Shohei , Kunishima Munetaka 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient and Convenient Deprotection of Thiocarbonyl to Carbonyl Compounds Using 3‐Carboxypyridinium and 2,2′‐Bipyridinium Chlorochromates in Solution, Dry Media, and under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Memarian Hamid Reza , Bahrami Kiumars 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design, Synthesis and Anticonvulsive Activity of Analogues of γ‐Vinyl GABA.
Authors: Zhao Long Xuan , Park Jae Gyu , Moon Yoon‐Soo , Basnet Arjun , Choi Jongwon , Kim Eun‐kyung , Jeong Tae Cheon , Jahng Yurngdong , Lee Eung‐Seok 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Reaction of Allenynes: Selective Construction of Cycloheptene, Bicyclo[5.3.0]decadienone, and Bicyclo[5.2.0]nonene Frameworks.
Authors: Mukai Chisato , Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Yoshida Tatsunori , Kitagaki Shinji 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) as a Viable Reagent in the Manipulation of Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐Containing Substrates: Scope, Generality, and Mechanism of IBX‐Mediated Amine Oxidations and Dithiane Deprotections.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Mathison Casey J. N. , Montagnon Tamsyn 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Substituted Enynes via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Three Carbon—Carbon Bonds Forming Reaction Procedure from Benzyl Halides and Alkynyl Tributyltin Reagents.
Authors: Pottier Laurent Romain , Peyrat Jean‐Francois , Alami Mouad , Brion Jean‐Daniel 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
DNA‐Binding Properties of Unsymmetrical Fluorenone Derivatives.
Authors: Lyakhov S. A. , Lyakhova E. A. , Karlenko A. S. , Mal'tsev G. V. , Vel'cheva I. V. , Litvinova L. A. , Lebedyuk M. N. , Khorokhorina G. A. , Fedchuk V. P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Determinants for High 5‐HT2A Receptor Affinity of Spiro[9,10‐dihydroanthracene]‐9,3′‐pyrrolidine (SpAMDA).
Authors: Peddi Srinivas , Roth Bryan L. , Gelnnon Richard A. , Westkaemper Richard B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,5‐Diarylsubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Potassium Channel Activators. Part 6.
Authors: Biagi Giuliana , Calderone Vincenzo , Giorgi Irene , Livi Oreste , Martinotti Enrica , Martelli Alma , Nardi Antonio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzopyrans. Part 45. Reactions of Monobrominated 3‐Acetyl‐2‐methyl‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one with Some Binucleophiles.
Authors: Ghosh Chandra Kanta , Ghosh Chandreyi , Karak Sumit Kumar , Chakravarty Ajit Kumar 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 6‐Aryl‐6H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐d]pyridazine Derivatives as High‐Affinity Ligands of the α2δ Subunit of Voltage‐Gated Calcium Channels.
Authors: Hu Tao , et al. et al. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Derivatives of Quinazoline and 1,2‐Dihydroquinazoline N3‐Oxide with Expected Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Mikiciuk‐Olasik Elzbieta , Blaszczak‐Swiatkiewiz Katarzyna , Zurek Elzbieta , Krajewska Urszula , Rozalski Marek , Kruszynski Rafal , Bartczak Tadeusz J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Inhibitory Effects on Tubulin Polymerization of a New 3‐Heterocyclo Substituted 2‐Styrylquinazolinones.
Authors: Raffa Demetrio , Edler Michael C. , Daidone Giuseppe , Maggio Benedetta , Merickech Mourad , Plescia Salvatore , Schillaci Domenico , Bai Ruoli , Hamel Ernest 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Prodrugs of 9‐Benzyl‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(2‐hydroxyethylthio)adenine: Potent Interferon Inducing Agents in Monkeys.
Authors: Kurimoto Ayumu , Tobe Masanori , Ogita Haruhisa , Ogino Tetsuhiro , Takaku Haruo , Ichii Shinji , Kawakami Hajime , Isobe Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N,N‐Dialkylated 4‐(4‐Arylsulfonylpiperazine‐1‐carbonyl)‐benzamidines and 4‐((‐4‐Arylsulfonyl)‐2‐oxo‐piperazin‐1‐ylmethyl)‐benzamidines as Potent Factor Xa Inhibitors.
Authors: Jia Zhaozhong J. , et al. et al. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical 1,4‐Disubstituted Piperazine‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: Cho Su‐Dong , Song Sang‐Yong , Kim Kyung‐Hyun , Zhao Bao‐Xiang , Ahn Chuljin , Joo Woo‐Hong , Yoon Yong‐Jin , Falck J. R. , Shin Dong‐Soo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2,4‐Triazine N‐Oxide Derivatives: Studies as Potential Hypoxic Cytotoxins. Part 3.
Authors: Cerecetto Hugo , Gonzalez Mercedes , Risso Mariela , Saenz Patricia , Olea‐Azar Claudio , Bruno Ana M. , Azqueta Amaia , Lopez de Cerain Adela , Monge Antonio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On the Synthesis of 3‐Acetyl‐1‐aryl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazepin‐7‐ones by Reaction of Nitrilimines with 3‐Aminopropanoic Acid.
Authors: Thaher Bassam Abu , Zahra Jalal A. , El‐Abadelah Mustafa M. , Otto Hans‐Hartwig 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation of 1,6‐Disilahexapentaene in the Reduction of an Overcrowded Bis(bromodiaryl)butadiyne Leading to the Unexpected Formation of 2‐Allenyl‐1‐benzosilole.
Authors: Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Takeda Nobuhiro , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Discovery of Structurally Novel CCR1 Antagonists Derived from a Hydroxyethylene Peptide Isostere Template.
Authors: Kath John C. , DiRico Amy P. , Gladue Ronald P. , Martin William H. , McElroy Eric B. , Stock Ingrid A. , Tylaska Laurie A. , Zheng Deye 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Peptide Synthesis in Water. Part 4. Preparation of N‐Ethanesulfonylethoxycarbonyl (Esc) Amino Acids and Their Application to Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis.
Authors: Hojo Keiko , Maeda Mitsuko , Smith Timothy J. , Kita Eriko , Yamaguchi Fumie , Yamamoto Sachiko , Kawasaki Koichi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Monoamine Transporter Affinity of 3′‐Analogues of 2‐β‐Carbomethoxy‐3‐β‐(4′‐iodophenyl)tropane (β‐CIT).
Authors: Bois Frederic , Baldwin Ronald M. , Kula Nora S. , Baldessarini Ross J. , Innis Robert B. , Tamagnan Gilles 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phenyl Phosphoramidate Derivatives of Stavudine as anti‐HIV Agents with Potent and Selective in‐vitro Antiviral Activity Against Adenovirus.
Authors: Uckun Fatih M. , Pendergrass Sharon , Qazi Sanjive , Samuel P. , Venkatachalam T. K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Linear Synthesis of 1‐(β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl)brassinin, ‐brassenin A, ‐brassenin B and 9‐(β‐D‐Glucopyranosyl)cyclobrassinin.
Authors: Kutschy Peter , Sabol Marian , Maruskova Renata , Curillova Zuzana , Dzurilla Milan , Geci Imrich , Alfoeldi Juraj , Kovacik Vladimir 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of N4‐Amino and N4‐Hydroxy Derivatives of 5‐Azacytidine. A Facile Rearrangement of the N4‐Amino Derivative to 5‐(3‐β‐D‐Ribofuranosylureido)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Authors: Piskala Alois , Hanna Naeem B. , Masojidkova Milena , Fiedler Pavel , Votruba Ivan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Cyclopentenyladenine as Potent Inhibitor of S‐Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase.
Authors: Kim Hea Ok , Yoo Su Jeong , Ahn Hee Sung , Choi Won Jun , Moon Hyung Ryong , Lee Kang Man , Chun Moon Woo , Jeong Lak Shin 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Curvicollides A—C: New Polyketide‐Derived Lactones from a Sclerotium‐Colonizing Isolate of Podospora curvicolla (NRRL 25778).
Authors: Che Yongsheng , Gloer James B. , Wicklow Donald T. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Surprising Steric Effect on a Tandem Cycloaddition/Ring‐Opening Reaction: Rapid Syntheses of Difluorinated Analogues of (Hydroxymethyl)conduritols.
Authors: Fawcett John , Moralee Andrew C. , Percy Jonathan M. , Salafia Vittoria , Vincent Mark A. , Hillier Ian H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Aspects of Fluorosilicic Acid Reaction with Organic Bases
Authors: Gel'mbol'dt V. O. , Ganin E. V. , Koroeva L. V. , Fonar' M. S. , Simonov Yu. A. , Kravtsov V. Kh. , Lipkovskii Ya. , Sergienko V. S. , Ennan A. A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and enantioseparation characteristics of two chiral stationary phases based on mono(6A‐azido‐6A‐deoxy)‐perphenylcarbamoylated α‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Lai Xiang‐Hua , Bai Zheng‐Wu , Ng Siu‐Choon , Ching Chi‐Bun 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo chiral stationary phases, ph‐α‐CD and ph‐γ‐CD, were prepared from mono(6A‐azido‐6A‐deoxy)perphenylcarbamoylated α‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin immobilized onto silica gel via the Staudinger reaction. The chromatographic characteristics of these two chiral stationary phases were evaluated. The influence of different cyclodextrins (CDs) on the enantioselectivities was also investigated in this study. Compared to ph‐γ‐CD, ph‐α‐CD exhibited quite good enantioselectivity toward the analytes with bulky molecular structures. It was found that the formation of inclusion complex might play a quite important role in the chiral recognition not only under reverse phases but also under normal phases. Chirality 16:592–597, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereospecific activity of two glutamate analogs
Authors: Araujo Alvarez Juan Manuel , Querejeta Enrique , Oviedo Aldo , Trujillo Ferrara José G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo glutamic acid analogs, (+)‐(S)‐ and (–)‐(R)‐4‐(2,2‐diphenyl‐1,3,2‐oxazaborolidin‐5‐oxo)propionic acid ((+)‐(S)‐ and (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon, respectively), were prepared. The stereospecific activity of their pharmacological properties was studied. The median convulsant dose (CD50) and median lethal dose (LD50) were analyzed in female Swiss Webster mice and their effects in vivo on unitary electrical activity in globus pallidus neurons were elucidated in male Wistar rats. Compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 11B nuclear magnetic resonance. The LD50 of (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon was 449.08 mg/kg and it increased spontaneous motor activity, while with (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon there was no mortality up to 1,000 mg/kg and it decreased spontaneous motor activity. The CD50 in experiments with (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon was 199.34 mg/kg. Unitary recording in globus pallidus neurons showed i.v. administration (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon (50 mg/kg) increased frequency 79.0 ± 23.0% in relation to basal response. (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon and (+)‐(S)‐glutamate (50 mg/kg each) did not provoke changes in spontaneous basal firing. Local infusion of (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon (1 nMol) increased spontaneous firing in most neurons tested by 269.0 ± 83.0% in relation to basal values. Intrapallidal infusion of (–)‐(R)‐Trujillon (1 nMol) and saline solution did not cause statistically significant changes in globus pallidus spiking. Results showed that (+)‐(S)‐Trujillon crosses the blood–brain barrier and has stereospecific activity. Chirality 16:586–591, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MαNP acid, a powerful chiral molecular tool for preparation of enantiopure alcohols by resolution and determination of their absolute configurations by the 1H NMR anisotropy method
Authors: Kasai Yusuke , Taji Hiromi , Fujita Takuma , Yamamoto Yoko , Akagi Megumi , Sugio Akinori , Kuwahara Shunsuke , Watanabe Masataka , Harada Nobuyuki , Ichikawa Akio , Schurig Volker 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA novel methodology using a chiral molecular tool of MαNP acid (1), 2‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐naphthyl)propionic acid, useful for preparation of enantiopure secondary alcohols and determination of their absolute configurations by the 1H NMR anisotropy method was developed; racemic MαNP acid (1) was enantioresolved with (–)‐menthol, and the enantiopure MαNP acid (S)‐(+)‐(1) obtained was allowed to react with racemic alcohol, yielding a mixture of diastereomeric esters, which was clearly separated by HPLC on silica gel. By applying the sector rule of 1H NMR anisotropy effect, the absolute configuration of the first‐eluted MαNP ester was unambiguously determined. Solvolysis or reduction of the first‐eluted MαNP esters yielded enantiopure alcohols. Chirality 16:569–585, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benefit and projected cost‐effectiveness of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for patients with early‐stage estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer
Authors: Hillner Bruce E. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDWomen who have estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive disease with postmenopausal onset and who receive tamoxifen as standard adjuvant treatment constitute the largest subgroup of patients with breast cancer. Recent data from the ATAC (‘Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination’) randomized trial indicate that anastrozole significantly reduces breast cancer recurrence rates but does not provide any advantage in terms of survival at 4 years posttreatment. Furthermore, anastrozole and tamoxifen were found to have different toxicity profiles. The goals of the current study were to estimate the disease‐free survival (DFS) rates and potential survival benefits associated with anastrozole use and to determine whether the incremental cost‐effectiveness (ICE) was low enough to warrant an immediate switch to the use of this agent, as the long‐term conclusions of the ATAC trial will not be available for several years.METHODSA computer simulation model assessed the outcomes of 64‐year‐old women with ER‐positive breast cancer who subsequently received either anastrozole or tamoxifen for 5 years. Daily recurrence risks, as well as the relative risks associated with various treatment‐related events, were calculated using data from the ATAC trial. Study endpoints included breast cancer recurrence–free survival, anticipated survival resulting from an anastrozole‐induced decrease in systemic disease recurrence rates, and survival adjusted for quality of life and for hip fracture risk over periods of 4, 12, and 20 years.RESULTSAfter 4 years, the projected DFS benefit associated with anastrozole was 14 days, with an ICE of $167,500 per year. Projected 12 and 20 years into the future, DFS benefits increased to 2.9 months and 5.3 months, respectively. The corresponding benefits in terms of overall survival were 0.9 months and 2.0 months, respectively, with the ICE becoming < $100,000 per life year once the projection horizon exceeded 12 years. The inclusion of quality‐of‐life weightings for nonfatal outcomes modestly favored anastrozole in the short term; however, if anastrozole use is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, then the long‐term benefit associated with this agent is reduced by approximately 25%.CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant anastrozole is projected to result in a substantial improvement in DFS for patients with breast cancer. If this DFS benefit were to ultimately lead to a survival benefit, then the ICE of anastrozole use would be acceptable for patients expected to live longer than 12 years. Decision models are useful for generating realistic projections for stakeholders who are considering competing options that impact survival and quality of life and have associated societal costs. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.