bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of calcineurin activity in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Padma S , Sowjanya A Pavani , Poli Usha Rani , Jain Meenakshi , Rao BN , Ramakrishna Gayatri 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundCalcineurin (CaN) is an important serine-threonine phosphatase (PP2B), which plays a crucial role in calcium-calmodulin mediated signal transduction events. Calcineurin has been implicated in pathogenesis of various diseases cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic neuropathy and Alzheimer's, however its role in neoplasia remains unclear.ResultsIn view of this we evaluated the calcineurin activity in serum and biopsy samples collected from women diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. A significant reduction was observed in the calcineurin activity in cancer cervix patients compared to the control group. However the calcineurin activity remained unaltered in the cervical scrapes obtained from patients diagnosed with low-grade squamous intra epithelial lesions (LSIL). Interestingly the downregulation of calcineurin activity in squamous cell carcinomas was not accompanied by any significant change in DNA-binding affinity of the transcriptional factor NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells). All the squamous cell carcinoma samples used in the present study were positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates the downregulation of calcineurin activity in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix with high risk HPV infection. We conclude that perturbations in calcineurin-mediated pathway may be involved in development of cervical neoplasia.
Increase in number of circulating disseminated epithelial cells after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer monitored by MAINTRAC® is a predictor for relapse: A preliminary report
Authors: Rolle Axel , Günzel Rainer , Pachmann Ulrich , Willen Babette , Höffken Klaus , Pachmann Katharina 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer still remains one of the most commonly occurring solid tumors and even in stage Ia, surgery fails in 30% of patients who develop distant metastases. It is hypothesized that these must have developed from occult circulating tumor cells present at the time of surgery, or before. The aim of the present study was to detect such cells in the peripheral blood and to monitor these cells following surgery.

Methods
30 patients treated for lung cancer with surgery were monitored for circulating epithelial cells (CEC) by taking peripheral blood samples before, 2 weeks and 5 months after surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT) chemotherapy (CT) or combined RT/CT using magnetic bead enrichment and laser scanning cytometry (MAINTRAC®) for quantification of these cells.

Results
In 86% of the patients CEC were detected before surgery and in 100% at 2 weeks and 5 months after surgery. In the control group, which consisted of 100 normal donors without cancer, 97 % were negative for CEC. A significantly higher number of CEC was found preoperatively in patients with squamous cell carcinoma than in those with adenocarcinoma. In correlation to the extent of parenchymal manipulation 2 weeks after surgery, an increase in numbers of CEC was observed with limited resections (18/21) whereas pneumonectomy led to a decrease (5/8) of CEC, 2 weeks after surgery. The third analysis done 5 months after surgery identified 3 groups of patients. In the group of 5 patients who received neo- or adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy there was evidence that monitoring of CEC can evaluate the effects of therapy. Another group of 7 patients who underwent surgery only showed a decrease of CEC and no signs of relapse. A third group of 11 patients who had surgery only, showed an increase of CEC (4 with an initial decrease after surgery and 7 with continuous increase). In the group with a continuous increase during the following 24 months, 2 early relapses in patients with stage Ia adenocarcinoma were observed. The increase of CEC preceded clinical detection by six months.

Conclusion
We consider, therefore, that patients with adenocarcinoma and a continuous increase of CEC after complete resection for lung cancer are at an increased risk of early relapse.
Ultrastructural studies on dengue virus type 2 infection of cultured human monocytes
Authors: Mosquera Jesus A , Hernandez Juan Pablo , Valero Nereida , Espina Luz Marina , Añez German J 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
Early interaction of dengue virus and monocyte/macrophages could be an important feature for virus dissemination after its initial entry via the mosquito vector. Since ultrastructural analysis of this interaction has not been reported, dengue type 2 (DEN2) virus-infected human monocyte cultures were studied at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after infection.

Results
Typical dengue particles and fuzzy coated viral particles were 35 to 42 nm and 74 to 85 nm respectively. Viruses were engulfed by phagocytosis and macropicnocytosis leading to huge vacuoles and phagosomes inside the monocytes. Interaction of monocytes with DEN2 virus induced apoptosis, characterized by nuclear condensation and fragmentation, cellular shrinkage, blebbing and budding phenomena and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by neighboring monocytes. This finding was confirmed by TUNEL. Ultrastructural features associated to DEN2 virus replication were not observed.

Conclusion
These data suggest that clearance of the virus by monocytes and cellular death are the main features during the initial interaction of DEN2 virus and monocytes and this could be important in the rapid elimination of the virus after infection by mosquito vector.
Intra-articular injections of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid have biphasic effects on joint inflammation and destruction in rat antigen-induced arthritis
Authors: Roth Andreas , Mollenhauer Jürgen , Wagner Andreas , Fuhrmann Reneè , Straub Albrecht , Venbrocks Rudolf A , Petrow Peter , Bräuer Rolf , Schubert Harald , Ozegowski Jörg , Peschel Gundela , Müller Peter J , Kinne Raimund W 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTo assess the potential use of hyaluronic acid (HA) as adjuvant therapy in rheumatoid arthritis, the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of HA were analysed in experimental rat antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Lewis rats with AIA were subjected to short-term (days 1 and 8, n = 10) or long-term (days 1, 8, 15 and 22, n = 10) intra-articular treatment with microbially manufactured, high-molecular-weight HA (molecular weight, 1.7 × 106 Da; 0.5 mg/dose). In both tests, 10 buffer-treated AIA rats served as arthritic controls and six healthy animals served as normal controls. Arthritis was monitored by weekly assessment of joint swelling and histological evaluation in the short-term test (day 8) and in the long-term test (day 29). Safranin O staining was employed to detect proteoglycan loss from the epiphyseal growth plate and the articular cartilage of the arthritic knee joint. Serum levels of IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and glycosaminoglycans were measured by ELISA/kit systems (days 8 and 29). HA treatment did not significantly influence AIA in the short-term test (days 1 and 8) but did suppress early chronic AIA (day 15, P < 0.05); however, HA treatment tended to aggravate chronic AIA in the long-term test (day 29). HA completely prevented proteoglycan loss from the epiphyseal growth plate and articular cartilage on day 8, but induced proteoglycan loss from the epiphyseal growth plate on day 29. Similarly, HA inhibited the histological signs of acute inflammation and cartilage damage in the short-term test, but augmented acute and chronic inflammation as well as cartilage damage in the long-term test. Serum levels of IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and glycosaminoglycans were not influenced by HA. Local therapeutic effects of HA in AIA are clearly biphasic, with inhibition of inflammation and cartilage damage in the early chronic phase but with promotion of joint swelling, inflammation and cartilage damage in the late chronic phase.
Effect of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis on outcome in patients without chronic respiratory failure: a case–control study
Authors: Nseir Saad , Di Pompeo Christophe , Soubrier Stéphane , Lenci Hélène , Delour Pierre , Onimus Thierry , Saulnier Fabienne , Mathieu Daniel , Durocher Alain 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Our objective was to determine the effect of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) on outcome in patients without chronic respiratory failure.

Methods
This was a retrospective observational matched study, conducted in a 30-bed intensive care unit (ICU). All immunocompetent, nontrauma, ventilated patients without chronic respiratory failure admitted over a 6.5-year period were included. Data were collected prospectively. Patients with nosocomial pneumonia, either before or after VAT, were excluded. Only first episodes of VAT occurring more than 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation were studied. Six criteria were used to match cases with controls, including duration of mechanical ventilation before VAT. Cases were compared with controls using McNemar's test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. Variables associated with a duration of mechanical ventilation longer than median were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
Using the six criteria, it was possible to match 55 (87%) of the VAT patients (cases) with non-VAT patients (controls). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated bacteria (34%). Although mortality rates were similar between cases and controls (29% versus 36%; P = 0.29), the median duration of mechanical ventilation (17 days [range 3–95 days] versus 8 [3–61 days]; P < 0.001) and ICU stay (24 days [range 5–95 days] versus 12 [4–74] days; P < 0.001) were longer in cases than in controls. Renal failure (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6–14.6; P = 0.004), tracheostomy (OR = 4, 95% CI = 1.1–14.5; P = 0.032), and VAT (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.5–8.3; P = 0.004) were independently associated with duration of mechanical ventilation longer than median.

Conclusion
VAT is associated with longer durations of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay in patients not suffering from chronic respiratory failure.
Influence of support on intra-abdominal pressure, hepatic kinetics of indocyanine green and extravascular lung water during prone positioning in patients with ARDS: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Michelet Pierre , Roch Antoine , Gainnier Marc , Sainty Jean-Marie , Auffray Jean-Pierre , Papazian Laurent 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Prone positioning (PP) on an air-cushioned mattress is associated with a limited increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and an absence of organ dysfunction. The respective influence of posture by itself and the type of mattress on these limited modifications during the PP procedure remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the type of support modifies IAP, extravascular lung water (EVLW) and the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green (PDRICG) during PP.

Methods
A prospective, randomized, crossover study of 20 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was conducted in a medical intensive care unit in a teaching hospital. Measurements were made at baseline and repeated after 1 and 6 hours of two randomized periods of 6 hours of PP with one of two support types: conventional foam mattress or air-cushioned mattress.

Results
After logarithmic transformation of the data, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that IAP and PDRICG were significantly influenced by the type of support during PP with an increase in IAP (P < 0.05 by ANOVA) and a decrease in PDRICG on the foam mattress (P < 0.05 by ANOVA). Conversely, the measurements of EVLW did not show significant modification between the two supports whatever the posture. The ratio of the arterial oxygen tension to the fraction of inspired oxygen significantly increased in PP (P < 0.0001 by ANOVA) without any influence of the support.

Conclusion
In comparison with a conventional foam mattress, the use of an air-cushioned mattress limited the increase in IAP and prevented the decrease in PDRICG related to PP in patients with ARDS. Conversely, the type of support did not influence EVLW or oxygenation.
Derivation of genetic interaction networks from quantitative phenotype data
Authors: Drees Becky L , Thorsson Vesteinn , Carter Gregory W , Rives Alexander W , Raymond Marisa Z , Avila-Campillo Iliana , Shannon Paul , Galitski Timothy 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe have generalized the derivation of genetic-interaction networks from quantitative phenotype data. Familiar and unfamiliar modes of genetic interaction were identified and defined. A network was derived from agar-invasion phenotypes of mutant yeast. Mutations showed specific modes of genetic interaction with specific biological processes. Mutations formed cliques of significant mutual information in their large-scale patterns of genetic interaction. These local and global interaction patterns reflect the effects of gene perturbations on biological processes and pathways.
Structure-Function Analysis of Squirrel Monkey FK506-Binding Protein 51, a Potent Inhibitor of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity
Authors: Denny Wesley B. , Prapapanich Viravan , Smith David F. , Scammell Jonathan G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) and FKBP52 are large molecular weight immunophilins that are part of the mature glucocorticoid receptor (GR) heterocomplex. These proteins possess peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) and tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) domains that are important for modulation of GR activity. A naturally occurring animal model of glucocorticoid resistance, the squirrel monkey, results from the relative overexpression of FKBP51 that renders the GR in a low-affinity state. In vitro studies demonstrated that the squirrel monkey form of FKBP51 is greater than 6-fold more potent than human FKBP51 in this respect. The goals of these studies were to determine the roles of the TPR and PPIase domains in the inhibitory activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51 and to gain insight into structural features of squirrel monkey FKBP51 responsible for potent inhibition of dexamethasone-stimulated GR activity. Mutations in the TPR of squirrel monkey FKBP51 that inhibit association with heat shock protein 90 blocked GR inhibitory activity. Mutations that abrogate the PPIase activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51 had no effect on GR inhibitory activity. Chimeras of squirrel monkey and human FKBP51 were tested to identify domains responsible for their different inhibitory potencies. Amino acid differences in domains FK1 and FK2 between squirrel monkey and human FKBP51 contribute equally to the enhanced inhibitory activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51. Furthermore, squirrel monkey FKBP51 in which either FK1 or FK2 was deleted lacked GR inhibitory activity. Thus, the potent inhibitory activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51 involves both FK domains and the heat shock protein 90-binding TPR domain.
Integrin αVβ3 Contains a Cell Surface Receptor Site for Thyroid Hormone that Is Linked to Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Induction of Angiogenesis
Authors: Bergh Joel J. , Lin Hung-Yun , Lansing Lawrence , Mohamed Seema N. , Davis Faith B. , Mousa Shaker , Davis Paul J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIntegrin αVβ3 is a heterodimeric plasma membrane protein whose several extracellular matrix protein ligands contain an RGD recognition sequence. This study identifies integrin αVβ3 as a cell surface receptor for thyroid hormone [l-T4 (T4)] and as the initiation site for T4-induced activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Integrin αVβ3 dissociably binds radiolabeled T4 with high affinity, and this binding is displaced by tetraiodothyroacetic acid, αVβ3 antibodies, and an integrin RGD recognition site peptide. CV-1 cells lack nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, but express plasma membrane αVβ3; treatment of these cells with physiological concentrations of T4 activates the MAPK pathway, an effect inhibited by tetraiodothyroacetic acid, RGD peptide, and αVβ3 antibodies. Inhibitors of T4 binding to the integrin also block the MAPK-mediated proangiogenic action of T4. T4-induced phosphorylation of MAPK is inhibited by small interfering RNA knockdown of αV and β3. These findings suggest that T4 binds to αVβ3 near the RGD recognition site and show that hormone-binding to αVβ3 has physiological consequences.
Cell Cycle Progression Stimulated by Tamoxifen-Bound Estrogen Receptor-α and Promoter-Specific Effects in Breast Cancer Cells Deficient in N-CoR and SMRT
Authors: Keeton Erika Krasnickas , Brown Myles 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEstrogen receptor α (ERα) mediates the effects of estrogens in breast cancer development and growth via transcriptional regulation of target genes. Tamoxifen can antagonize ERα activity and has been used in breast cancer therapy. Tamoxifen-bound ERα associates with nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) at certain target genes. Here we show the effects of reducing N-CoR and SMRT levels on the actions of estrogen and tamoxifen in breast cancer cells. Silencing both corepressors led to tamoxifen-stimulated cell cycle progression without activation of the ERα target genes c-myc, cyclin D1, or stromal cell-derived factor 1, which play a role in estrogen-induced proliferation. By contrast, expression of X-box binding protein 1 was markedly elevated in tamoxifen-treated cells in which N-CoR and SMRT had been silenced. The gain in cell cycle entry seen with tamoxifen when N-CoR and SMRT were silenced was dependent on ERα and not observed upon treatment with estradiol or epidermal growth factor. These results suggest that N-CoR and SMRT play an active role in preventing tamoxifen from stimulating proliferation in breast cancer cells through repression of a subset of target genes involved in ERα function and cell proliferation.
Ab-Initio X-Ray Powder Structure Analysis of Two Polymorphs of Dihydroxysilicon Phthalocyanine
Authors: Kojima Yuko , Osano Yasuko T , Ohashi Toyoshi 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This paper reports on the synthesis and ab-initio X-ray powder structure determination of two polymorphs of [Si(OH)2Pc], where Pc = phtalocyaninato. We found that one of the polymorphs (Phase II) shows high sensitivity for an electrophotographic photoreceptor, but that the other (Phase I) doesn’t have photosensitivity. The difference in the sensitivity depends on only the crystal structures. This material has not been able to be grown to a single crystal with sufficient size for single crystal X-ray analysis, but it is very important to determine the crystal structures of the two polymorphs for understanding the mechanism of the performance of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. In this work we carried out ab-initio X-ray powder structure analysis. The compound crystallizes in space group (Phase I), Z = 1 with unit-cell parameters of a = 12.992(1), b = 7.2830(8), c = 6.861(1) Å, α = 104.413(7)°, β = 101.757(8)°, γ = 96.973(6)° and in space group P21/n (Phase II), Z = 2 with unit-cell parameters of a = 12.7494(5), b = 14.5778(6), c = 6.7727(3) Å, β = 94.353(2)°. Both phases have symmetry center in the molecules (on Si atom) and intermolecular hydrogen bonds (O–H···N). These hydrogen bond modes of Phase I and Phase II are the same. The main difference in packings was revealed between the crystals : Phase II crystal has the herringbone structure, while in Phase I all molecules form the parallel stack columns.
Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of a Sulfate-Bridged Oxomolybdenum(V) Porphyrin Dimer and Related Monomers Including a Nitrate Complex
Authors: Okubo Yutaka , Okamura Akie , Imanishi Katsuya , Tachibana Junichi , Umakoshi Keisuke , Sasaki Yoichi , Imamura Taira 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
New oxomolybdenum(V) porphyrin complexes, [MoO(tmp)(C6H5SO3)] 1, [MoO(tpp)(C6H5SO3)] 2, [MoO(tpp)(HSO4)] 3, [{MoO(tpp)}2(μ-SO4)] 4, and [MoO(tpp)(NO3)] 5, were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, IR, FAB-MS, and ESR measurements. The structures of the complexes, 1, 4, and 5, were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The benzenesulfonate ion in 1 and the nitrate ion in 5 coordinate to the molybdenum atom as monodentate ligands. The oxidation number of the central molybdenum ion of these complexes was confirmed to be 5+ by ESR measurements. In the dinuclear complex 4, a sulfate ion bridges two molybdenum porphyrins. The dinuclear complex 4 exhibited spin coupling between the two molybdenum nuclei.
Enantioselective Protonation of Lithium Enolates with Chiral Imides Possessing a Chiral Amide
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Kikuchi Tetsuo , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
New chiral imides possessing a chiral amide can be prepared from 1,3,5-trimethyl-r-1,c-3,c-5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid or related triacids and optically active amines. These imides are superior to 1,3,5-trimethyl-c-5-[(4S,5S)-4,5-diphenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl]-r-1,c-3-cyclohexanedicarboximide reported previously as a chiral proton source for enantioselective protonation of lithium enolates of 2-alkylcycloalkanones.
Predictions of adsorption behaviour of the heaviest elements in a comparative study from the electronic structure calculations
Authors: Pershina Valeria 
Published: April 2005

Summary
Thermodynamics of adsorption of gaseous species on the surface of a gas chromatography column is considered using the knowledge of the electronic structure of the adsorbate. Relevant equations based on a model of mobile adsorption are offered to predict the adsorption temperature, T
ads, of a heavy-element (or its compound) with respect to T
ads of its lighter homolog (or the same type of compound). A case of adsorption of OsO4 and HsO4 on an inert (quartz or silicon nitride) surface of a chromatography column is taken, as an example. The influence of various properties of the adsorbate, such as molecular weight and size, on T
ads is analyzed to show that those factors should not be ignored in intentionally accurate predictions of T
ads. A comparison of the desorption constants of OsO4 and HsO4 obtained with the use of the calculated spectroscopic properties shows that HsO4 should be significantly more volatile than OsO4, mainly due to the entropy factor.
Corrosion of commercial spent nuclear fuel. 1. Formation of studtite and metastudtite
Authors: Hanson Brady D. , McNamara Bruce , Buck Edgar C. , Friese Judah I. , Jenson Evan , Krupka Kenneth , Arey Bruce W. 
Published: April 2005

Summary
The contact of commercial spent nuclear fuel (CSNF) with water over a 2-year period led to an unexpected corrosion phase and morphology. At short hydration times, crystallites of metaschoepite [(UO2)8O2(OH)12](H2O)10 were observed on the hydrated CSNF particles. Over the 2-year contact period, all evidence of metaschoepite disappeared, and the fuel particles were coated by a new alteration phase. Additionally, films of the reacted fuel were observed at the sample air-water interface of each sample. The corrosion phases on fuel powders and on the suspended films were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction and were identified as studtite [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2](H2O)2 and metastudtite (UO4·2H2O), respectively. The reason for the partitioning of the latter phase to the sample air-water interface is unclear at this time but may be due to structural differences between the two phases. Scanning electron micrographs of the CSNF powders indicated surface corrosion along grain boundaries and fragmentation of the primary solid. The occurrence of studtite and metastudtite on CSNF could have implications for the potential attenuation of released radionuclides during oxidative corrosion of CSNF in a geologic repository.