bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sigmoidorectal (Mainz II) pouch for continent urinary diversion in bladder cancer
Authors: TRIANTAFYLLIDIS ARGYRIOS , ROMBIS VASILIOS , PAPATSORIS ATHANASIOS GEORGE , PAPATHANASIOU ATHANASIOS , KALAITZIS CHRISTOS , TOULOUPIDIS STAVROS 
Published: June 2005

Abstract  Background:  We aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and outcome of the sigmoidorectal (Mainz II) pouch for urinary diversion in patients with invasive bladder cancer.Methods:  Twenty‐nine patients (25 men and four women), aged 65–76 years, who had undergone radical cystectomy and the sigmoidorectal pouch procedure for invasive bladder cancer were included in this study. Postoperative evaluations included metabolic testing, standard laboratory screening, renal ultrasonography, pouchography, and intravenous urography or pouchoscopy when indicated.Results:  The median operative time was 175 min. Urine leakage was encountered in two patients (6.8%), deep vein thrombosis in one (3.4%), and ileus necessitating surgery in another one. Two patients developed pyelonephritis due to ureterocolonic stricture, which was treated with antegrade balloon dilatation. No local relapses of bladder cancer were found. All patients were continent during the day, but one patient was occasionally incontinent during the night. In the long term, six patients (20.6%) developed metastatic disease, and five patients (17.2%) died because of cancer‐related causes. Overall survival was 100, 96 and 60% at 1, 2 and 3 years after the operation, respectively. The mean survival was 36.8 ± 1.9 months, which was statistically significantly associated with the M stage (P < 0.001), but not with the T (P = 0.091) or N (P = 0.081) stages.Conclusions:  The sigmoidorectal (Mainz II) pouch seems to be a feasible, safe and effective method for continent urinary diversion. It is able to provide good quality of life, and ensure good overall survival rates.
Stereo‐Photogrammetric Mapping of Tooth Replicas Incorporating Texture
Authors: Grenness Malcolm J. , Osborn Jon E. , Tyas Martin J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCommercial digital photogrammetric software has been applied to convergent stereoscopic photography of human tooth replicas prepared to exhibit optical texture resulting in successful generation of 3D coordinate data. Tooth replicas were imaged using a semi‐metric 35 mm camera and f = 100 mm macro lens on extension bellows. Model precision was within acceptable limits of 12 μm or better for manual target matching and 21 μm or better for automatic image matching. Further improvement in optical texture is required to achieve automatic image matching precision comparable to that of manual target matching. Small errors in interior orientation parameters attributed to instability in the bellows as well as small errors in the relative orientation resulted in some systematic errors. The use of a fixed camera lens system is expected to reduce these errors. When combined with commercially available, moderately priced, digital SLR cameras this brings 3D model generation closer to everyday clinical dental practice.
Teaching Headache in America: Survey of Neurology Chairs and Residency Directors
Authors: Kommineni Maya , Finkel Alan G. 
Published: June 2005

Objective.—To determine the status of headache education in American medical schools and Neurology Residency Training Programs.Methods.—One hundred and thirty‐three programs were identified using the Association of University Professors of Neurology listing. Two hundred and seventeen surveys were mailed to departmental chairs (DC) and residency training directors (RTD) with fax back response sheets enclosed. Two additional mailings were sent to nonresponders. Questions regarding the presence of medical school or resident educational opportunities in headache medicine including lectures and electives were included. Additional questions were asked to assess beliefs about headache education in America.Results.—One hundred nineteen surveys were returned. Ninety‐five institutions responded including 75 Chairs and 44 RTD. Eighty percent of institutions have formal medical school lectures in headache/migraine. Fifty‐five institutions claim to have a headache clinic, 52 within neurology departments. Thirty‐two percent offer a headache elective to medical students. Nearly all departments offer formal resident lectures in headache/migraine, and 57% offer a headache elective. Essentially, all individual respondents believe that migraine is a valid neurological disorder and an important subject to teach in medical school. Ninety‐one agree or strongly agree that headache is an important public health issue. Twenty‐nine percent agree or strongly agree that headache diagnosis and management is adequately taught. Eighty‐four percent believe the pharmaceutical industry has influenced migraine education and management. No important differences in response were found between Chairs and RTD.Conclusions.—This survey provides the first comprehensive assessment of the status of headache medicine education in academic departments of neurology
Models of Policy Discourse: insights versus Prediction
Authors: DeLeon Peter 
Published: June 2005

Policy researchers traditionally have adhered to the quantitative: (or positivist) approach. Recently, some policy analysts have emphasized a more qualitative (or postpositivist) approach. Little, if any, of the latter has been considered by proponents of the former as serious policy (i.e., “objective”) analysis. This tension has produced some conflicts as to which camp is more attuned to a policy version of “truth.”This essay attempts to demonstrate the strong and weak points of both paradigms, and argues that either by itself has serious debilitations. For instance, positivists deny the subjective nature of values that denigrate the putatively “objective” orientations of their analyses, perhaps even rendering it “undemocratic.” On the other hand, postpositivists have a difficult time operationalizing their preferred research methodologies with the necessary rigor.The essay concludes that the research problem—rather than a favorite methodology—should determine the research approach, and that both the quantitative and qualitative aspects can be used in a consonant manner.
Stumbling Towards Union: Policymaking in the EU
Authors: Zeff Eleanor E. , Pirro Ellen B. 
Published: June 2005

Desmond Dinan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the European Union.Pierre‐Henri Lament and Marc Maresceau (Eds.), The State of the European UnionJohn McCormick, The European Union: Politics and Policies.Stelios Stavridis, Elias Mossialos, Roger Morgan, and Howard Machin (Eds.), New Challenges to the European Union: Policies and Policy‐Making.Helen Wallace and William Wallace (Eds.), Policy‐Making in the European Union.
Relationship between intracellular ROS production and membrane mobility in curcumin‐ and tetrahydrocurcumin‐treated human gingival fibroblasts and human submandibular gland carcinoma cells
Authors: Atsumi T , Fujisawa S , Tonosaki K 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  Curcumin is a well‐known chemopreventive agent of oral cancers as well as stomach and intestinal cancers. The relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell membrane mobility was investigated to clarify the pro‐oxidant mechanism of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin (TH‐curcumin).Methods:  The intracellular ROS production and membrane mobility by curcumin or TH‐curcumin were measured in human submandibular adenocarcinoma cells (HSGs) and human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). ROS and mobility were measured by 5‐(and ‐6)‐carboxy‐2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining and fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching, respectively.Results:  Curcumin produced ROS dose‐dependently. ROS appeared in the region surrounding the cell membrane. The membrane mobility coefficient of the curcumin‐treated cells was significantly lower than that of control cells. The lowered membrane mobility induced by curcumin was reversed by the addition of glutathione, an antioxidant. In contrast, TH‐curcumin did not affect the ROS production or the membrane mobility coefficient. The alternations induced by curcumin treated HSG cells were greater than those by HGF cells.Conclusion:  The reduction in membrane mobility induced by curcumin was attributed to ROS production. The oxidative effects of curcumin may be related to the structure of the α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl moiety as well as the phenolic OH group of this compound.
Family literacy as a third space between home and school: some case studies of practice
Authors: Pahl Kate , Kelly Sally 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this article, the relationship between literacy practices and spatiality is explored in the context of family literacy. The article draws on fieldwork in family literacy classrooms as part of two evaluations in Croydon and Derbyshire of family learning provision. Methods of evaluation included classroom observations in rural and suburban locations. In addition, teachers and parents were interviewed. In this instance, family learning included literacy and language activities with parents and children in school and nursery settings. These were learning spaces where parents and children collaborated on joint projects including book making, storytelling, the making of visual artefacts and reading and writing activities. The research revealed how family literacy classrooms could be understood as ‘third spaces’, between home and school, offering parents and children discursive opportunities drawing on both domains.
Radiotherapy and wound healing
Authors: Dormand Emma‐Louise , Banwell Paul E , Goodacre Timothy EE 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRadiotherapy is an invaluable weapon when treating cancer. However, the deleterious effects of radiation, both immediate and long‐term, may have a significant effect on local tissues. Problematic wound healing in radiation‐damaged tissue constitutes a major problem that is frequently overlooked during the management of patients who require radiotherapy, or have had radiotherapy in the past. Poor wound healing may lead to chronic ulceration, pain, secondary infection and psychological distress and compromise the outcome of general or reconstructive surgery. We discuss the pathophysiology of poor wound healing following radiotherapy, specific problems for radiation‐damaged tissue and potential treatments to improve wound healing of irradiated tissues.
Can the use of a topical antifungal nail lacquer reduce risk for diabetic foot ulceration? Results from a randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Armstrong David G , Holtz Katherine , Wu Stephanie 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the routine use of a topical antifungal nail lacquer (AFL) could reduce the risk for ulceration by theoretically increasing the frequency of patient self‐inspection. In this randomised controlled trial, 70 persons at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration were enrolled into a preventative care program involving daily self‐inspection with the possible use of an AFL (ciclopirox 8%) versus self‐inspection instructions alone (NAFL). Patients were followed for 12 months or until ulceration. Using an intent to treat analysis, there was no significant difference in proportion of persons ulcerating in the AFL versus the NAFL groups (5·9% versus 5·6%P = 0·9). There was also no difference in the number of unexpected visits (P = 0·2) or missed appointments (P = 0·7) between treatment arms. Interestingly, while there was no difference in proportion of patients with clinically diagnosed hyperkeratosis or tinea pedis on entry into the study (P = 0·2), a significantly lower proportion of AFL patients had a clinical diagnosis on study termination (52·9% versus 77·8%P = 0·03, OR = 1·7, 95% confidence interval = 1·1–2·7). The results of this study suggest that there may be no immediate prophylactic benefit through the use of AFL to prevent wounds. The incidental finding of a potential reduction in hyperkeratosis and tinea pedis is a compelling one and may deserve further investigation.
Transpermanent Magnetics Using Alternating Uniform Linear Stacks
Authors: Silverberg Larry , Duval Luis 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
In this paper we apply recent developments in transpermanent magnetics to the problem of ultra-low-power valve control. Whereas the traditional approach to ultra-low-power valve control is based on latching mechanisms that turn off valves during inactive periods, in this paper we describe an approach that eliminates the need for latching mechanisms. Instead of latching mechanisms, the principles of transpermanent magnetics are employed to switch the states of permanent magnets; the use of permanent magnets instead of electromagnets eliminates power loads during inactive periods, thereby reducing power consumption to ultralow levels. The permanent magnets in a transpermanent magnet valve are configured in a stack. The relationships between the strength and number of permanent magnets in the stack and the stroke and resolution of the valve are developed. In this paper we show that the alternating uniform linear stack is well suited for digital process valves having a small number of states. Then in the paper we report on the design and testing of a laboratory prototype valve that uses an alternating uniform linear stack. The prototype valve had five states yielding a range of flow rates between 0 and 1.58m∕s with a resolution of 0.3m∕s. In this paper we find that transpermanent valves represent a promising valve technology for digital process valves.
The Relationship between the Interannual Variation of the North Indian Ocean SST Induced by Surface Wind and ENSO during Boreal Summer
Authors: Nagura Motoki , Konda Masanori 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The relationship between the interannual variation of the surface wind in the north Indian Ocean (0°–30°N, 30°–100°E) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during boreal summer is investigated. The association of the surface wind with the sea surface temperature (SST) in the north Indian Ocean is evaluated. The NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, NOAA outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and Reynolds SST data are used. The June–August mean of the surface wind anomaly over the north Indian Ocean is decomposed by EOF analysis, and two dominant modes are extracted. The first (second) mode shows the corresponding variation with the ENSO events maturing in the subsequent (previous) winter. The first mode has a large amplitude during the 1990s, while the amplitude of the second mode is large mainly during the 1980s. Such contrast of the amplitude of the two modes results in the temporal change of the surface wind–ENSO relationships between the two decades. The temporal characteristics of the first and second modes are consistent with those of convective variability in the eastern Indian Ocean and the Philippine Sea, respectively.
The local thermal forcings associated with these two contrastive modes are compared with the time change of the SST anomaly. The thermal forcings are evaluated in terms of the latent heat flux and the Ekman heat transport. The thermal forcing of the first mode is consistent with a meridionally antisymmetric pattern of the SST anomaly during the 1990s, while that of the second mode is correlated with the basinwide SST anomaly during the 1980s. This result suggests that the temporal change is also found in the north Indian Ocean SST anomaly.
A Climatology of Springtime Dryline Position in the U.S. Great Plains Region
Authors: Hoch Joseph , Markowski Paul 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
A climatology of dryline frequency and location is presented based on 30 yr (1973–2002) of April, May, and June surface observations from the Great Plains region of the United States. Drylines having a horizontal specific humidity gradient greater than or equal to 3 × 10−8 m−1 [greater than or equal to 3 g kg−1 (100 km)−1] are found to be present on 32% of the days, with the peak frequency occurring in mid- to late May. The most favored longitude of the generally meridionally oriented drylines is near −101°W at 0000 UTC, although the favored longitude tends to shift westward as the April–June period elapses. There is no robust suggestion of a shift in the annual mean dryline position over the period studied.
Relationships between dryline position and wind and relative humidity data at mandatory levels (e.g., 850, 700, and 500 mb) also are investigated. Dryline longitude increases with increasing westerly momentum aloft. Dryline longitude also increases with decreasing relative humidity at 850 mb, primarily at stations in the western Great Plains region, west of the climatologically favored dryline position near −101°. Dryline position is not as closely associated with either 850-mb relative humidity east of the climatologically favored dryline position or relative humidity in the middle troposphere.
The Impact of ENSO on Atmospheric Intraseasonal Variability as Inferred from Observations and GCM Simulations
Authors: Tam Chi-Yung , Lau Ngar-Cheung 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The impact of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the atmospheric intraseasonal variability in the North Pacific is assessed, with emphasis on how ENSO modulates midlatitude circulation anomalies associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in the Tropics and the westward-traveling patterns (WTP) in high latitudes. The database for this study consists of the output of a general circulation model (GCM) experiment subjected to temporally varying sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the tropical Pacific, and observational reanalysis products.
Diagnosis of the GCM experiment indicates a key region in the North Pacific over which the year-to-year variation of intraseasonal activity is sensitive to the SST conditions in the Tropics. In both the simulated and observed atmospheres, the development phase of the dominant circulation anomaly in this region is characterized by incoming wave activity from northeast Asia and the subtropical western Pacific. Southeastward dispersion from the North Pacific to North America can be found in later phases of the life cycle of the anomaly. The spatial pattern of this recurrent extratropical anomaly contains regional features that are similar to those appearing in composite charts for prominent episodes of the MJO and the WTP.
Both the GCM and reanalysis data indicate that the amplitude of intraseasonal variability near the key region, as well as incoming wave activity in the western Pacific and dispersion to the western United States, are enhanced in cold ENSO events as compared to warm events. Similar modulations of the MJO-related circulation patterns in the extratropics by ENSO forcing are discernible in the model simulation. It is inferred from these findings that ENSO can influence the North Pacific intraseasonal activity through its effects on the evolution of convective anomalies in the tropical western Pacific. On the other hand, there is little modification by ENSO of the circulation features associated with the WTP.
The combined effect of the MJO and WTP on the intraseasonal circulation in the North Pacific is studied. Based on multiple regression analysis, it is found that the MJO and WTP make comparable contributions to the variability in the midlatitude North Pacific. These contributions may be treated as a linear combination of the anomalies attributed to the MJO and WTP separately.
A Bayesian Quantitative Precipitation Nowcast Scheme
Authors: Fox Neil I. , Wikle Christopher K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractVery short-period quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) or nowcast schemes provide deterministic output that fails to convey explicit measures of the uncertainty in the forecast. Presented here is a forecast methodology based upon a Bayesian hierarchical model that produces a QPF product for a 1-h period along with an associated estimated forecast error field. The precipitation forecast quality is comparable to other nowcast schemes and the uncertainty measures increase the utility of the methodology by allowing forecasters to judge the trustworthiness of the products.
Full cyclic coordinate descent: solving the protein loop closure problem in Cα space
Authors: Boomsma Wouter , Hamelryck Thomas 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Various forms of the so-called loop closure problem are crucial to protein structure prediction methods. Given an N- and a C-terminal end, the problem consists of finding a suitable segment of a certain length that bridges the ends seamlessly.
In homology modelling, the problem arises in predicting loop regions. In de novo protein structure prediction, the problem is encountered when implementing local moves for Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations.
Most loop closure algorithms keep the bond angles fixed or semi-fixed, and only vary the dihedral angles. This is appropriate for a full-atom protein backbone, since the bond angles can be considered as fixed, while the (φ, ψ) dihedral angles are variable. However, many de novo structure prediction methods use protein models that only consist of Cα atoms, or otherwise do not make use of all backbone atoms. These methods require a method that alters both bond and dihedral angles, since the pseudo bond angle between three consecutive Cα atoms also varies considerably.

Results
Here we present a method that solves the loop closure problem for Cα only protein models. We developed a variant of Cyclic Coordinate Descent (CCD), an inverse kinematics method from the field of robotics, which was recently applied to the loop closure problem. Since the method alters both bond and dihedral angles, which is equivalent to applying a full rotation matrix, we call our method Full CCD (FCDD). FCCD replaces CCD's vector-based optimization of a rotation around an axis with a singular value decomposition-based optimization of a general rotation matrix. The method is easy to implement and numerically stable.

Conclusion
We tested the method's performance on sets of random protein Cα segments between 5 and 30 amino acids long, and a number of loops of length 4, 8 and 12. FCCD is fast, has a high success rate and readily generates conformations close to those of real loops. The presence of constraints on the angles only has a small effect on the performance. A reference implementation of FCCD in Python is available as supplementary information.