bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital abnormalities and childhood cancer
Authors: Agha Mohammad M. , Williams Jack I. , Marrett Loraine , To Teresa , Zipursky Alvin , Dodds Linda 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe examination of specific characteristics of neoplasms diagnosed in children have suggested that a significant proportion can be attributed to a genetic mutation or genetic predisposition. Although the study of a genetic predisposition to cancer in children remains in the early stages, congenital abnormalities could provide essential information for mapping predisposing lesions in children with cancer.METHODSIn the current study, 2 large cohorts of children with and without congenital abnormalities were followed for the occurrence of cancer and death up to 18 years. Through this study, the risk of developing cancer by age at diagnosis, effects of birth characteristics on cancer risk, and possible associations between specific anomalies and tumor types were examined.RESULTSBased on the follow‐up of 90,400 children, the risk of developing cancer during the first year of life was found to be nearly 6 times higher in children with anomalies (rate ratio [RR] of 5.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.7–9.1). Children with birth defects were found to be at a higher risk for developing leukemia (RR of 2.7; 95% CI, 2.1–3.6), tumors of the central nervous system (RR of 2.5; 95% CI, 1.8–3.4), sympathetic nervous system tumors (RR of 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.4), and soft tissue sarcomas (RR of 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0–3.5). Among children with birth defects, children with Down syndrome, nervous system anomalies, and anomalies of the urinary system had the highest incidence rates of cancer. In the presence of birth defects, other factors such as birth weight, gestational age, age of the mother, and birth order were not found to be associated significantly with the risk of cancer.CONCLUSIONSThe significant relative risks found in the current study provided evidence of links between the presence of abnormalities and the development of cancer. Some “cancer‐prone” abnormalities were identified in the current study. Such anomalies may be markers of other exposures or processes that increase the risk of developing cancer. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
C‐fiber (Remak) bundles contain both isolectin B4‐binding and calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐positive axons
Authors: Murinson Beth Brianna , Hoffman Paul Ned , Banihashemi Michael Reza , Meyer Richard Arthur , Griffin John Wesley 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUnmyelinated nerve fibers (Remak bundles) in the rodent sciatic nerve typically contain multiple axons. This study asked whether C‐fiber bundles contain axons arising from more than one type of neuron. Most small neurons of the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are either glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor dependent or nerve growth factor dependent, binding either isolectin B4 (IB4) or antibodies to calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), respectively. Injection of IB4‐conjugated horseradish peroxidase into a lumbar DRG resulted in intense labeling of IB4 axons, with very low background. Visualized by confocal fluorescence, IB4‐binding and CGRP‐positive nerve fibers orginating from different DRG neurons came together and remained closely parallel over long distances, suggesting that these two types of axon occupy the same Remak bundle. With double‐labeling immunogold electron microscopy (EM), we confirmed that IB4 and CGRP axons were distinct and were found together in single Remak bundles. Previous studies indicate that some DRG neurons express both CGRP and IB4 binding. To ensure that our immunogold results were not a consequence of coexpression, we studied large populations of unmyelinated axons by using quantitative single‐label EM. Tetramethylbenzidine, a chromogen with strong intrinsic signal amplification of IB4‐horseradish peroxidase, labeled as many as 52% of unmyelinated axons in the dorsal root. Concomitantly, 97% of the Remak bundles with more than one axon contained at least one IB4‐labeled axon. Probabilistic modeling using binomial distribution functions rejected the hypothesis that IB4 axons segregate into IB4‐specific bundles (P < 0.00001). We conclude that most Remak bundle Schwann cells simultaneously support diverse axon types with different growth factor dependences. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:392–402, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel combinatory multiple‐subcarrier optical wireless communication systems
Authors: Kitamoto Norio , Ohtsuki Tomoaki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe analyse the performance of parallel combinatory multiple‐subcarrier (PC‐MS) optical wireless communication system. The PC‐MS system can transmit more information at each symbol interval than conventional MS systems with the same subcarriers. In addition the PC‐MS system can decrease the bias that must be added to the MS electrical signal, because the number of subcarriers other than null subcarriers is smaller than that in the conventional MS systems and thus the minimum power becomes larger. Therefore, the PC‐MS system can decrease the required energy per bit. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muscle formation in regenerating Xenopus froglet limb
Authors: Satoh Akira , Ide Hiroyuki , Tamura Koji 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA spike, a resultant regenerate made after amputation of a Xenopus froglet limb, has no muscle tissue. This muscle‐less phenotype was analyzed by molecular approaches, and the results of analysis revealed that the spike expresses no myosin heavy chain or Pax7, suggesting that neither mature muscle tissue nor satellite cells exist in the spike. The regenerating blastema in the froglet limb lacked some myogenesis‐related marker genes, myoD and myf5, but allowed implanted muscle precursor cells to survive and differentiate into myofiber. Implantation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ‐releasing cell aggregates rescued this muscle‐less phenotype and induced muscle regeneration in Xenopus froglet limb regenerates. These results suggest that failure of regeneration of muscle is due to a disturbance of the early steps of myogenesis under a molecular cascade mediated by HGF/c‐met. Improvement of muscle regeneration in the Xenopus adult limb that we report here for the first time will give us important insights into epimorphic tissue regeneration in amphibians and other vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 233:337–346, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blockade of Ca2+‐activated K+ channels in T cells: an option for the treatment of multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Madsen Lars Siim , Christophersen Palle , Olesen Søren‐Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVoltage‐ and Ca2+‐dependent K+ channels in the membrane of both T and B lymphocytes are important for the cellular immune response. In the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Reich et al. demonstrate that selective blockade of the intermediate‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channel (the IK channel encoded by the KCNN4 gene) prevents cytokine production in the spinal chord and ameliorates the development of EAE caused by injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 in mice. These data renew the focus on the IK channel as a potential target for the development of new immune‐suppressant drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425954
Selective C–H and C–F Bond Activation Reactions of Pyridine and Fluoropyridines – Formation of Binuclear μ‐X Titanocene Complexes (X = H, F) with α‐Functionalized N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Piglosiewicz Ingmar M. , Kraft Susanne , Beckhaus Rüdiger , Haase Detlev , Saak Wolfgang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTitanocene synthons react with pyridine (2), fluorosubstituted pyridines [pentafluoropyridine (3), 2‐fluoropyridine(4)] and cyanuric fluoride, by C–H and C–F bond activation, respectively, to afford interesting novel binuclear titanium(III) complexes. C–H bond activation requires high temperatures (110 °C), whereas C–F bond activation occurs at room temperature. X‐ray structure analysis showed that the two titanium(III) centres are hydride‐bridged when pyridine was reacted with the titanocene fragment and fluoride‐bridged if a 2‐fluoro‐substituted derivative of pyridine was used. The reactivities of a C–F and a C–H bond in the 2‐position toward the titanocene fragment have been compared in a competition experiment using 2‐fluoropyridine – revealing a preference for C–F bond cleavage. Primary mononuclear C–F bond activation products have been proved in solution by NMR measurements using [Cp*2Ti{η2‐C2(SiMe3)2}] instead of the non‐methylated titanocene source. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Addition of (Pyrazol‐1‐yl)acetyl and (Pyridin‐2‐yl)acetyl Groups to the Terminal Amino Group of a Phe−Gly Dipeptide Affords ATCUN‐Like Copper(II) Binding Sites
Authors: Boa Andrew N. , Crane Jonathan D. , Kowalczyk Radoslaw M. , Sultana Nayer H. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract(Pyrazol‐1‐yl)acetic acid (HL1, 1) and (pyridin‐2‐yl)acetic acid have been successfully condensed with the terminal amino group of a Phe−Gly dipeptide to generate the derivatives PzCH2–Phe−Gly (H3L2, 7) and PyCH2–Phe−Gly (H3L3, 8) respectively, which contain ATCUN‐like metal ion binding sites. The crystal structures of 1 and the copper(II) complexes Cu(L1)2(H2O)2 (2) and [nBu4N][Cu(L2)] (9) are described. Complex 2 has a tetragonally‐elongated, Jahn–Teller distorted octahedral geometry and complex 9 is square‐planar. The structural similarity of the copper(II) complexes of 7 and 8 is demonstrated by their almost identical electronic absorption and EPR spectra. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Assisted Crystallization of Organometallic Cations by Interplay with Inorganic Anionic Clusters Units: Synthesis and Characterizations of the [Cp*(dppe)Fe–NCMe]2·M6L14 Series (M6L14 = Cluster Unit: [Re6S6Br8]2–, [Mo6Br14]2– and [Mo6I14]2–)
Authors: Pilet Guillaume , Kirakci Kaplan , de Montigny, Stéphane Cordier Frédéric , Lapinte Claude , Perrin Christiane , Perrin André 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNovel hybrid inorganic/organometallic compounds have been obtained from the crystallization of inorganic anionic clusters units with the [Cp*(dppe)Fe–NCMe]+organometallic entity as the cationic counter part. After dissolution of Cs2M6L14 (M6L14 = [Re6S6Br8]2–, [Mo6Br14]2– and [Mo6I14]2–) and [Cp*(dppe)Fe–NCMe]Cl precursors in acetonitrile at room temperature, the reaction proceeds by a metathesis of the Cl– anion by [M6L14]2– anions and precipitation of CsCl. The crystal structures of the [Cp*(dppe)Fe–NCMe]2[M6L14] series reveal that inorganic and organic entities can be assembled without any structural modifications to both partners whatever the M6L14 unit. These properties of the M6L14 cluster units could be extended for the crystallization of other novel organometallic cations when usual small counter anions do not lead to any crystallization with the new organometallic cation (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Dioxovanadium(V) Complexes of ONO Donor Ligands Derived from Pyridoxal and Hydrazides: Models of Vanadate‐Dependent Haloperoxidases
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Agarwal Shalu , Bader Cerstin , Rehder Dieter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFigure 1 has been depicted twice in the original article (as Figure 1 and Figure 5).[1] For the correct Figure 5, see below.
Shape‐Persistent Macrocycles with Bipyridine Units: Progress in Accessibility and Widening of Applicability
Authors: Opris Dorina M. , Franke Peter , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSeveral new symmetrical and nonsymmetrical bipyridine‐containing building blocks for shape‐persistent macrocycles were developed, whereby much emphasis was placed on especially efficient procedures. The building blocks were used for the synthesis of several new cycles, the most important of which carry only one selectively addressable hydroxymethyl group at a corner. This group was converted into methacrylate‐ and norbornene‐type polymerizable units for free radical and ROMP polymerizations, respectively, rendering the corresponding macrocycles the first macromonomers of this kind. Initial polymerization studies are also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
6‐Spiro‐1,4‐diazepane‐2,5‐diones by Head‐to‐Tail N1/C2 Amide Bond Formation
Authors: Van Berkom Leon W. A. , de Gelder René , Scheeren Hans W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of 6‐spiro‐1,4‐diazepane‐2,5‐diones containing an arylpropylamide moiety via head‐to‐tail cyclisation of a terminal amine and a terminal carboxylate ester is described. To induce ring closure of the dipeptide precursor, both lactamisation of the N4/C5 amide bond and N1/C2 amide bond were investigated. Whereas ring closure of the N4/C5 amide bond proved unsuccessful, ring closure of the N1/C2 amide bond was more viable. Furthermore, it was discovered that incorporation of a N,N‐disubstituted amide bond in the peptide sequence was essential for cyclisation to occur. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Large landslides and their effect on sediment flux in South Westland, New Zealand
Authors: Korup Oliver 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLandslides and runoff are dominant erosional agents in the tectonically active alpine South Westland area of New Zealand, characterized by high uplift rates and extreme orographic precipitation. Despite a high density of shallow debris slides and flows, the geomorphic imprints of deep‐seated bedrock failures are dominant and persistent. Over 50 large (>1 km2) landslides comprising rock slide[sol ]avalanches, complex rotational and rock‐block slides, wedge failures, and deep‐seated gravitational slope deformation were detected on air photos and shaded‐relief images. Major long‐term impacts on alpine rivers include (1) forced alluviation upstream of landslide dams, (2) occlusion of gorges and triggering of secondary riparian landslides, and (3) diversion of channels around deposits to form incised meandering gorges. Remnants of large prehistoric (i.e. pre‐1840) landslide deposits possibly represent the low‐frequency (in terms of total area affected yet dominant) end of the spectrum of mass wasting in the western Southern Alps. This is at odds with high erosion rates in an active erosional landscape. Large landslides appear to have dual roles of supplying and retaining sediment. The implications of these roles are that (1) previous models of (shallow) landslide‐derived sediment flux need to be recalibrated, and (2) geomorphic effects of earthquake‐induced landsliding may persist for at least 102 years. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of miscible fluids on a rotating Hele–Shaw cell with effects of Coriolis forces
Authors: Chen Ching‐Yao , Liu Yu‐Chia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effects of Coriolis forces to interfacial stabilities on miscible rotating Hele–Shaw flows are investigated by means of highly accurate numerical schemes. Two major influences on the interfaces, i.e. the stabilization of circumferential fingerings and the unstable body distortion of droplets, are observed. These two phenomena can be represented by two characteristic measurements, i.e. interfacial length and radius of gyration, respectively. Without an additional injection, the miscible interface is found to be more stable at higher Coriolis factors, based on both the judgments of growths in interfacial length and the radius of gyration. However, with an additional injection, a visible body distortion with suppressed interfacial fingerings at higher Coriolis factors leads to inconsistent developments in these two characteristic measurements. The stabilized effect of interfacial fingering delays and weakens the growth in interfacial length at higher Coriolis factors, while faster and greater growth in the radius of gyration is observed because of the significant body distortion. As a result, the effects of the Coriolis forces on the miscible interfacial instabilities should be addressed with great caution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐accurate intermediate boundary conditions for large eddy simulations based on projection methods
Authors: Denaro F. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractProjection methods are among the most adopted procedures for solving the Navier–Stokes equations system for incompressible flows. In order to simplify the numerical procedures, the pressure–velocity de‐coupling is often obtained by adopting a fractional time‐step method. In a specific formulation, suitable for the incompressible flows equations, it is based on a formal decomposition of the momentum equation, which is related to the Helmholtz–Hodge Decomposition theorem of a vector field in a finite domain. Owing to the continuity constraint also in large eddy simulation of turbulence, as happens for laminar solutions, the filtered pressure characterizes itself only as a Lagrange multiplier, not a thermodynamic state variable. The paper illustrates the implications of adopting such procedures when the decoupling is performed onto the filtered equations system. This task is particularly complicated by the discretization of the time integral of the sub‐grid scale tensor. A new proposal for developing time‐accurate and congruent intermediate boundary conditions is addressed. Several tests for periodic and non‐periodic channel flows are presented. This study follows and completes the previous ones reported in (Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 2003; 42, 43). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of pullulan production from synthetic medium by Aureobasidium pullulans in a stirred tank reactor by response surface methodology
Authors: Göksungur Y , Dağbağlı S , Uçan A , Güvenç U 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe production of pullulan from synthetic medium by Aureobasidium pullulans P56 in a stirred tank fermenter was investigated. The kinetics of polysaccharide, pullulan and biomass production was determined. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of three factors (initial sugar concentration, aeration rate and agitation speed) on the concentration of pullulan in batch cultures of A pullulans. In the experiments, the range of values used for the three variables described were; 30–70 g dm−3 initial sugar concentration, 200–600 rpm agitation speed and 1.0–3.0 vvm aeration rate. No previous work has used statistical analysis in determining the interactions among these variables in pullulan production. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the fit of the model was good in all cases. Aeration rate, agitation speed and sugar concentration had a strong linear effect on pullulan concentration. Moreover, pullulan concentration was significantly influenced by the negative quadratic effects of the given variables and by their positive or negative interactions with the exception that the interaction between agitation speed and aeration rate was insignificant (P > 0.05). Maximum pullulan concentration of 17.2 g dm−3 was obtained at the optimum levels of process variables (initial sugar concentration 51.4 g dm−3, aeration rate 2.36 vvm, agitation speed 345.3 rpm). These values were obtained by fitting of the experimental data to the model equation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of polysaccharide particles containing different concentrations of pullulan were also taken to observe the morphological differences of the samples. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence on mass‐selective ion ejection of the phase difference between the drive r.f. and the axial modulation potentials
Authors: Dobson G. , Murrell J. , Despeyroux D. , Wind F. , Tabet J.‐C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe phase difference between the drive r.f. and the axial modulation potential is known to influence significantly the mass shift, and all commercial ion trap mass spectrometers use a fixed value for this difference. However, although this important parameter is partly responsible for the good precision achievable today in most commercial ion traps, little discussion on the variation of the phase difference between the drive r.f. and the axial modulation potential has appeared in the literature. We present here an examination of the influence of a low‐level axial modulation potential superimposed by capacitive coupling between the electrodes. Low‐level axial modulation potentials are used for certain analytical scans such as reverse scan or slow scan speeds. Such low‐level potentials help to prevent deterioration of mass resolution due to, for example, the dissociation of the ions during their resonant ejection from the ion trap. Reverse and forward scans are used to illustrate the mass shift and change in resolution, caused by a change in the phase difference between the drive r.f. potential applied to the ring electrode and the axial modulation potential applied on an end‐cap electrode, in electrospray ionization mass spectra. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemocompatibility of Poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)s: Swelling Behavior and Water States
Authors: Wan Ling‐Shu , Xu Zhi‐Kang , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Wang Zhen‐Gang , Ye Peng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSummary: Hemocompatibility is an essential aspect of blood contacting polymers. Knowledge of the relationship between polymer structure and hemocompatibility is important in designing such polymers. In this work, the effect of swelling behavior and states of water on the hemocompatibility of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PANCNVP) films was studied. Platelet adhesion and plasma recalcification time tests were used to evaluate the hemocompatibility of the films. Considering the importance of surface properties on the hemocompatibility of polymers, static water contact angles were measured by both sessile drop and captive bubble methods. It was found that, on the film surface of PANCNVP with a higher NVP content, adhered platelets were remarkably suppressed and the recalcification time was longer. The total water content adsorbed on the PANCNVP film was determined through swelling experiments performed at temperatures of interest. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to probe the states of water in the films. Based on the results from these experiments, it was hypothesized that the better hemocompatibility of PANCNVP films with higher NVP contents was due to their higher free water content, because water molecule exchange at the polymer/liquid interface, facilitated by a high free water content, is unfavorable for the formation of surface bound water, which causes poor hemocompatibility.
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Extreme variability of skeletal and cardiac muscle involvement in patients with mutations in exon 11 of the lamin A/C gene
Authors: Mercuri E. , Brown S. C. , Nihoyannopoulos P. , Poulton J. , Kinali M. , Richard P. , Piercy R. J. , Messina S. , Sewry C. , Burke M. M. , McKenna W. , Bonne G. , Muntoni F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMutations of the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear envelope proteins lamins A and C, give rise to Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and to limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 1B (EDMD and LGMD1B). With one exception, all the reported EDMD and LGMD1B mutations are confined to the first 10 exons of the gene. We report four separate cases, with mutations in the same codon of LMNA exon 11, characterized by remarkable variability of clinical findings, in addition to features not previously reported. One patient had congenital weakness and died in early childhood. In two other patients, severe cardiac problems arose early and, in one of these, cardiac signs preceded by many years the onset of skeletal muscle weakness. The fourth case had a mild and late‐onset LGMD1B phenotype. Our cases further expand the clinical spectrum associated with mutations in the LMNA gene and provide new evidence of the role played by the C‐terminal domain of lamin A. Muscle Nerve, 2005