bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide synthase/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase in the brainstem trigeminal nuclei after transection of the masseteric nerve in rats
Authors: Varathan Vidya , Shigenaga Yoshio , Takemura Motohide 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the responses of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activities were quantitatively analyzed at different times in both ipsilateral and contralateral sides of trigeminal nuclei, after unilateral trigeminal muscle nerve transection, in Sprague Dawley rats. In the control animals, both NADPH‐d‐ and nNOS‐positive neurons were constitutively distributed in the rostrolateral solitary tract nucleus, dorsomedial part of trigeminal nucleus oralis (Vo/Sn), and superficial layers (VcI/II) of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc). NADPH‐d‐positive neurons appeared in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus ipsilaterally at 5 days (mean ± SEM: 30.5 ± 5.6) and were maintained until 8 weeks (33 ± 10.6) after the denervation. In the trigeminal motor nucleus, NADPH‐d‐positive neurons appeared transiently and bilaterally, peaking at 1 week (663.5 ± 156.2, ipsilateral side; 687.5 ± 118.6, contralateral side) after unilateral denervation of the masseteric nerve. In both Vo/Sn and Vc, the number of NADPH‐d‐positive neurons in the control animals showed a decrease at 3 days but significantly increased from 5 days to 1 week and gradually fell to the control values by 8 weeks after the denervation. There were no significant differences observed between the two sides in either Vo/Sn or Vc. nNOS‐positive neurons were similarly distributed and the numbers of labeled neurons were similar to those of NADPH‐d‐positive neurons after the denervation, although the changes were delayed by approximately 1 week. In conclusion, after unilateral nerve transection, the peak NADPH‐d activity occurs 1 week prior to nNOS activity. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:428–438, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of the orientational superlattice on the electronic and vibrational properties of CuPt ordered GaInP alloys
Authors: Zhang Yong , Mascarenhas A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA brief review is given of studies on a new semiconductor superlattice—an orientational superlattice—observed recently in spontaneously ordered III–V alloys GaInP. New experimental data, including band edge optical transitions and Raman transitions, are presented to illustrate the unique and intrinsic properties of orientational superlattices. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The activities of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications (ISAAA) in crop biotechnology transfer
Authors: James Clive 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications (ISAAA) is a not‐for‐profit organisation. The mission of ISAAA is to help alleviate poverty and hunger in the Third World by increasing crop productivity and income generation, particularly for resource‐poor farmers, and to create a safer environment and promote more sustainable agricultural development. ISAAA's activities as an ‘honest broker’ involve the transfer of appropriate crop biotechnology applications and products, particularly proprietary technology, from the North for the benefit of developing countries in the South, by building partnerships between national programmes in the South and institutions in the North. In the past, developing countries and the institutes assisting them with agricultural research accessed non‐proprietary traditional technology from the public sector in industrial countries. With the advent of biotechnology this situation is changing, because biotechnology applications are increasingly proprietary and are owned primarily by private sector corporations in industrial countries. The activities of ISAAA in brokering biotechnology applications are described as well as the support services it provides for national programmes in Africa, Asia and Latin America.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Microsatellite analysis of fecal DNA for colorectal cancer detection*
Authors: Koshiji Minori , Yonekura Yasuhiro , Saito Takamichi , Yoshioka Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe advent of noninvasive methods of testing for colorectal cancer that have a high level of specificity and sensitivity is eagerly awaited.MethodsThirty patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and 11 patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) enrolled in this study. We analyzed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in matched genomic DNA extracted from blood and surgical specimens (tumor and tumor‐free colonic mucosa), and the corresponding oral rinse and stool specimens using seven microsatellite loci (APC, p53, DCC, hMLH1, D9S162, D9S171, and IFNA). To reduce the normal colonocyte DNA contamination of the stool samples, we compared three different methods for fecal genomic DNA extraction. As normal controls, we analyzed the LOH using the oral rinse and stool samples from 15 individuals without cancer.ResultsThe LOH determined from the oral rinse and the stool samples matched those determined from the blood and the neoplastic tissue. All patients with HNPCC had microsatellite alterations at hMLH‐1 in tumor DNA and corresponding fecal DNA. There were significant differences in the frequency of p53‐LOH and D9S171‐LOH between the group with sporadic disease and those with HNSCC (P = 0.0031 and 0.0294, respectively). Two cases with D9S162‐LOH were detected in individuals without cancer. For the patients with sporadic disease, using p53 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the sensitivity of the fecal DNA analysis was 96.7% (95% CI, 83–100) with a specificity of 100%.ConclusionWe demonstrate that LOH analysis using oral rinse and stool samples may be a suitable screening tool for colorectal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:34–40. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zn finger proteins: Key ways for metalloregulation
Authors: Kudrin Alexey V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractZinc finger proteins have become one of the most intriguing and interesting targets in biological and medical studies. In recent years some studies have provided new approaches in the manipulation of zinc finger‐dependent processes, such as development, tumor, and inflammatory diseases. Paradoxically, those unique properties of this extensive family of proteins depend on metal‐binding characteristics, which might be an interesting link between standard approaches to gene therapy and metalloregulation by a numerous intracellular events. This review summarizes some recent achievements in this area of studies. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:103–111, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Ultrastructural changes of human dentin after irradiation by Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Lee Bor Shiunn , Lin Chun Pin , Lin Feng Huei , Lan Wan Hong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe use of Nd:YAG laser has been proposed for endodontic treatment. However, its ability to reduce dentin permeability, which is important for the success of root canal treatment, remains controversial.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNd:YAG laser irradiation was performed in pulsed mode on human dentin. The parameters were: pulse energy (100 mJ), rate (10 pps), and total irradiation time (4 seconds). The crystalline phases, electron diffraction patterns, morphology, and microstructure of specimens after laser irradiation were observed by dark‐field emission transmission electron microscope (TEM).ResultsThree ultrastructural zones could be delineated in the dentin: (1) an outer zone with an ordered columnar structure composed of hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate, (2) an intermediate zone composed of an amorphous substance (about 40–70 nm in diameter), and (3) an inner zone of well‐crystallized hydroxyapatite grains. These three zones were free of pores or voids.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that laser‐irradiation might be used to reduce dentin permeability. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:246‐252, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐vivo response to free electron laser incision of the rabbit cornea*
Authors: Toth Cynthia A. , Chiu Eric K. , Winter Katrina P. , McCall Michelle N. , Bailey Sarah F. , Harkrider Curtis J. , Hauger Susanne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe analyzed the in vivo ocular response to corneal incisions made by Medical Free Electron Laser (MFEL) as a function of scan rate and incision depth. Additionally, we compared biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and light microscopy as ocular response diagnostic tools.Study Design/Materials and MethodsRabbit corneas were incised with pulsed MFEL radiation at 2.94 μm wavelength, scalpel incisions or focal cautery treatment were used as controls. The MFEL beam scan rate ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 mm/second. Ocular effects were monitored for 2 hours postoperatively using OCT and slit lamp examination. Ocular tissue was fixed for light microscopic examination.ResultsAnterior chamber fibrin formation correlated with MFEL incision depth. Slower scan rates resulted in deeper incisions and greater fibrin formation. OCT was better than slit lamp biomicroscopy at identifying fibrin attachments. OCT and light microscopy proved to be excellent companion technologies.ConclusionsDeep corneal incisions in the rabbit produced by the MFEL resulted in fibrin formation in the anterior chamber. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:44–52, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noncoherent‐intense‐pulsed light for the treatment of relapsing hairy intradermal melanocytic nevus after shave excision
Authors: Moreno‐Arias Gerardo A. , Ferrando Juan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFew reports about melanocytic lesions treatment by means of noncoherent‐intense‐pulsed light (NCIPL) have been published. Here we evaluate the clinical results of a relapsing hairy intradermal melanocytic nevus treated with a noncoherent‐intense‐pulsed light source.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA facial repigmented hairy intradermal melanocytic nevus that relapsed after shave excision, received four treatment sessions of a noncoherent‐intense‐pulsed light source (EpiLightTM, ESC Medical Systems Ltd, Israel) with the following parameters: 755 nm, a fluence energy of 40–42.5 J/cm2, triple mode, a pulse width of 3.8 ms, and a delay of 20 ms, at 4‐week intervals.ResultsComplete pigment clearance and hair removal was obtained. We have neither observed repigmentation nor hair regrowth after a 6 month‐follow‐up. No side effects were documented.ConclusionsNoncoherent‐intense‐pulse light is an effective treatment for hairy‐pigmented melanocytic nevus. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:142–144, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applying general living systems theory to learn consumers' sense making in attending performing arts
Authors: Caldwell Marylouise 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConsumers seek pleasurable experiences when attending performing arts. Yet, no theory exists to explain and predict the sense making associated with this unique consumption activity. General living systems theory (GLST) is applied to offer a systems‐based model intended to be useful in this respect. This work contributes to some important streams of research. For certain types of hedonic consumption, behavior can only be understood in the light of the subtleties of consumer interpretation and the entire buying–consuming process. The suggested GLST paradigm attempts to go beyond choice to achieve an understanding of lived experiences within the realities perceived by consumers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comparison of two voting models to forecast election into The National Baseball Hall of Fame
Authors: Findlay David W. , Reid Clifford E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a comparison of two voting models to forecast election into The National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers Association of America. Although both voting models provide similar predictions on which eligible players should be elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, we believe that the voting model that uses individual performance variables rather than a single performance index is marginally better because it allows the data to determine the relative importance of the individual performance variables included in the single performance index. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abolition of postapoplectic hemichorea by Vo‐complex thalamotomy: Long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Goto Satoshi , Kunitoku Naoko , Hamasaki Tadashi , Nishikawa Shigeyuki , Ushio Yukitaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a patient with hemichorea following subthalamic hemorrhage. Vo‐complex thalamotomy abolished the choreic movements for over 4 years of follow‐up. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Analysis of the coding and the 5′ flanking regions of the α‐synuclein gene in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pastor Pau , Muñoz Esteban , Ezquerra Mario , Obach Victor , Martí María José , Valldeoriola Francesc , Tolosa Eduard , Oliva Rafael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMissense mutations of the α‐synuclein gene have been reported to explain a few kindreds with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). In order to identify mutations in our PD patients, we have screened the coding region and 5′flanking region of the gene. DNA samples from 50 patients with familial PD were screened via single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for mutations in the α‐synuclein gene. The 5′ flanking region was examined in 117 additional PD patients (27 patients with unclear family history for PD, and 90 patients without family history) and in 169 control subjects. We found one change (G199A) in exon 4 in one family with a pattern of autosomal dominant PD. However, this mutation did not result in an amino acid substitution (valine) and did not segregate completely with PD. The analysis of the 5′ flanking region also showed a new polymorphism, a nucleotide insertion (− 164insA) linked to a nucleotide substitution (C−116G), in patients and in controls. The −164insA/C−116G allele was present in 52.3% of the patients and in 47.6% of the controls. We did not find significant differences regarding the allelic and genotype frequencies between PD and control groups. These results suggest that mutations in the α‐synuclein gene are a very rare cause of familial PD and that the novel −164insA/C−116G polymorphism in the 5′ flanking region does not confer susceptibility to develop PD. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Beneficial effect of hyperbaric oxygen on island flaps subjected to secondary venous ischemia
Authors: Gampper Thomas J. , Zhang Feng , Mofakhami N.F. , Morgan Raymond F. , Amiss Randy , Hoard Martin A. , Angel Michael F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe potential for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) to decrease the untoward effects of a secondary ischemic event was studied in the rat superficial epigastric flap model. The secondary venous ischemic flap was created by cross‐clamping the vascular pedicles for 2 h. Twenty‐four hours later, the flap was reelevated and the venous pedicle was occluded for 5 h. Thirty‐two rats were divided into three groups. In experimental group 1, animals received HBO treatment immediately prior to the initial flap elevation and ischemia at 2 atmosphere pressures for 90 min. In experimental group 2, the rats underwent a similar course except for a second 90‐min HBO course immediately prior to the secondary venous occlusion. The rats without HBO therapy were used as controls. The results showed that all control flaps were nonviable at 1 week by clinical inspection and fluorescein injection. Complete flap survival occurred in 20% of group 1 flaps and 30.8% of group 2 flaps. Partial flap survival occurred in the rest of the flaps in these two groups, with mean survival areas of 48% and 55%, respectively. In conclusion, HBO treatments significantly increase the survival of flaps subjected to a secondary ischemia, even if administered before the primary ischemia. Administering HBO prior to secondary venous ischemia was marginal, which may be due to the effect of O2 given by HBO not lasting longer than 5 h. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:49–52 2002
Solving (3+1)‐dimensional non‐linear Schrödinger equation by means of (3+1)‐dimensional Painlevé integrable model
Authors: Ruan Hang‐yu , Chen Yi‐xin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA conformal invariant asymptotic expansion approach is used to solve the (3+1)‐dimensional non‐linear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Some new (3+1)‐dimensional integrable models under the condition that they are conformal invariant and possess Painlevé property are obtained. These Painlevé integrable models can be used to solve the (3+1)‐dimensional NLS equation approximately. In some special cases, the approximate solutions become exact. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence of solution in elastic wave scattering by unbounded rough surfaces
Authors: Arens T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider the two‐dimensional problem of the scattering of a time‐harmonic wave, propagating in an homogeneous, isotropic elastic medium, by a rough surface on which the displacement is assumed to vanish. This surface is assumed to be given as the graph of a function ƒ∈C1,1(ℝ). Following up on earlier work establishing uniqueness of solution to this problem, existence of solution is studied via the boundary integral equation method. This requires a novel approach to the study of solvability of integral equations on the real line. The paper establishes the existence of a unique solution to the boundary integral equation formulation in the space of bounded and continuous functions as well as in all Lp spaces, p∈[1, ∞] and hence existence of solution to the elastic wave scattering problem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the asymptotic positivity of solutions for the extended Fisher–Kolmogorov equation with nonlinear diffusion
Authors: Bartuccelli M. V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this paper aims to prove positivity of solutions for a semilinear dissipative partial differential equation with non‐linear diffusion. The equation is a generalized model of the well‐known Fisher–Kolmogorov equation and represents a class of dissipative partial differential equations containing differential operators of higher order than the Laplacian. It arises in a variety of meaningful physical situations including gas flows, diffusion of an electron–ion plasma and the dynamics of biological populations whose mobility is density dependent. In all these situations, the solutions of the equation must be positive functions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sidelobe reduction in sparse linear arrays by genetic algorithms
Authors: Lommi Andrea , Massa Andrea , Storti Enrico , Trucco Andrea 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA numerical procedure based on a genetic algorithm is proposed in order to synthesize a linear, sparse, and aperiodic array to be used in a beamforming processor. The method is aimed to minimize the sidelobe peak of the beam pattern acting on the elements' positions and weights. Obtained results also confirm the effectiveness of the approach in comparison with other techniques in the related literature. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 194–196, 2002.
A novel analysis method of distributed and traveling‐wave amplifiers leading to power gain improvement
Authors: Trabelsi M. , Si Moussa M. , Aksas R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new approach, based on scattering waves, for the analysis of distributed and traveling‐wave amplifiers is developed. It uses the scattering parameters of the passive elements and the measured and calculated parameters of the MESFET transistor. Thus, the approach overcomes the assumption of the simplified model of the MESFET transistor as they are needed in the already known methods. This approach can be used for both lumped as well as distributed circuits. Consequently, it can be applied to a distributed amplifier with artificial or real transmission lines. We demonstrate its validity through experimental results. Furthermore, it easily considers the effects of reflections at different ports of the amplifier which have allowed us to achieve an improvement of the power gain approaching 60% at midband using a new topology of a distributed amplifier. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 207–211, 2002.
Analysis of the defocused Gaussian beam telescope on Cassegrain feeds
Authors: García E. , López Fernández J. A. , De Haro L. , Tercero F. , Galocha B. , Barcia A. , Besada J. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDefocused Gaussian beam telescope geometry and its tolerance with the changes in the values of their lenses and focalization distances are analyzed. The Gaussian beam telescope is very useful in systems that must operate over broad bandwidths. This device has particularly functional properties in Cassegrain radiotelescope feed systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 420–423, 2002.
Superconducting dual‐mode dual‐stage cross‐slotted filters
Authors: Barra M. , Cassinese A. , Cirillo M. , Panariello G. , Russo R. , Vaglio R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis Letter reports on the design and realization of HTS dual‐mode cross‐slotted filters presenting a more compact size if compared with the traditional dual‐mode patch filters. Dual‐stage filters operating in C band and presenting Chebyshev or quasi‐elliptical responses have been realized and tested by using YBa2Cu3O7‐x (YBCO) films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 389–392, 2002>; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10331
Analysis of interconnect lines using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method
Authors: Farahat Nader , El‐Raouf Hany E. Abd , Mittra Raj 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this Letter the coupling effect (cross talk) in parallel microstrip interconnects is analyzed with the use of the finite‐difference–time‐domain (FDTD) method. The interconnects are terminated either by lumped elements or by a perfectly matched layer (PML), and the results obtained from these two methods are compared. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 6–9, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10356
Circular wire loop antenna with stepped wire diameter
Authors: Scott H. , Fusco V. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA circular wire‐loop antenna of 1.042λ0 circumference at 1 GHz with 4:1 balun and stepped wire diameter is presented in this Letter. A fixed E‐field beam offset from broadside of −7.5° is demonstrated with a VSWR of 1.17 at 1 GHz. The antenna has an operational bandwidth of 29% for VSWR < 2 and an estimated gain of 1.24 dB. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 14–15, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10358
Metal‐dielectric bandpass filters from millimeter waves to IR
Authors: Frenkel A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe design of multilayer bandpass filters, based on a novel 0.75λ‐thick metal dielectric window is demonstrated. The filters employ layers of high dielectric material together with planar periodic arrays of metal inclusions. These filters can be applied from the millimeter waves up to the IR regime. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 17–19, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10360