bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optic Disc Hypoplasia Assessment in PAX6-Related Aniridia
Authors: Dentel Alexandre , Madani Mohammed B. , Robert Matthieu P. , Valleix Sophie , Brémond-Gignac Dominique , Daruich Alejandra 
Published: January 2024

Background:
This study aims to characterize optic disc hypoplasia in congenital aniridia using ultra-wide-field imaging (UWFI) and nonmydriatic retinal photography (NMRP). We also investigated the relation between optic disc hypoplasia and foveal hypoplasia.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with PAX6-related aniridia in a National Referral Center, who underwent UWFI, NMRP, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The disc diameter (DD) and the disc-to-fovea distance (DF) were measured. The DD:DF ratio was used to assess the relative size of the optic disc. The analyses were carried with respect to paired age- and sex-matched healthy controls. SD-OCT was used for foveal hypoplasia grading (from 1 to 4) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis.

Results:
Mean manual DD:DF ratio was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.31–0.35) in aniridia patients versus 0.37 (95% CI: 0.36–0.39) in control patients (n = 20, P = 0.005) measured on NMRP and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30–0.35) in aniridia patients versus 0.37 (95% CI: 0.37–0.39) in control patients (n = 26, P < 0.0001) when assessed on UWFI. Mean semiautomated DD:DF ratio measured on UWFI in aniridia patients was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.29–0.33) versus 0.37 (95% CI: 0.36–0.38) in control patients (P < 0.0001). Also, a negative correlation was found significant between the grade of foveal hypoplasia and the mean semiautomated DD:DF ratio (r = −0.52, 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.15, P = 0.0067). Finally, a significant negative correlation was found between the peripapillary temporal RNFL thickness and the grade of foveal hypoplasia (P = 0.0034).

Conclusions:
The DD:DF ratio is significantly reduced in PAX6-related aniridia patients and correlates with the severity of foveal hypoplasia. This ratio is a valuable tool for optic disc hypoplasia assessment in congenital aniridia, especially when provided semiautomatically by UWFI.
Dementia care and prevention in community settings: a built environment framework for cognitive health promotion
Authors: Gan Daniel R.Y. , Mann Jim , Chaudhury Habib 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Most people with dementia live in the community. As lifespan increases, one in three persons aged 85+ are expected to live with dementia. We conduct a systematic search to identify frameworks for dementia care and prevention in community settings. This is important to ensure quality of life for people living with cognitive decline (PLCD).

Recent findings
61 frameworks are synthesized into the dementia care and prevention in community (DCPC) framework. It highlights three levels of provision: built environment and policy supports, access and innovation, and inclusion across stages of decline. Domains of intervention include: basic needs; built environment health and accessibility; service access and use; community health infrastructure; community engagement; mental health and wellbeing; technology; end-of-life care; cultural considerations; policy, education, and resources. Personhood is not adequately represented in current built environment frameworks. This is supplemented with 14 articles on lived experiences at home and social practices that contribute to PLCD's social identity and psychological safety.

Summary
Policy makers, health and built environment professionals must work together to promote “personhood in community” with PLCD. Clinicians and community staff may focus on inclusion, social identity and a sense of at-homeness as attainable outcomes despite diagnosis.
Recent advances in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: a focus on older adults and sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Paddick Stella-Maria , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta B. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
We reviewed recent literature on prevalence and interventional approaches for cognitive impairment in the context of HIV infection alongside current controversies and challenges around its nomenclature, screening, and diagnosis.

Recent findings
Prevalence estimates for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) indicate that HAND remains highly prevalent despite combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) widely used. The available data are heterogeneous, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where recent reviews indicate substantial heterogeneity, wide prevalence estimates and lack of data from the majority SSA countries, despite them currently experiencing the greatest burden worldwide of both HIV and HAND.
Several alternative approaches to diagnosis and classification of cognitive impairment in HIV have been published, taking into account changing clinical phenotypes.

Summary
Cognitive impairment remains a significant challenge in the care of people living with HIV despite advances in treatment. Ongoing controversies exist around nomenclature and classification, screening measures, and the phenotype and aetiology of observed impairments. Two current areas of research priority and focus include understanding current phenotypes of individuals living and ageing with treated HIV and differing levels of risk for HAND in these phenotypes, alongside the effects of commonly occurring comorbidities.
The current evidence base for interventional approaches is limited, but growing. The most promising avenues appear to be multidisciplinary. These are currently focussed on high income settings rather than SSA where the majority of people living with HIV, and affected by cognitive impairment in the context of HIV, currently reside.
Recent advances in understanding of sleep disorders and disturbances for dementia risk and prevention
Authors: Lam Aaron , Kong Shawn , Naismith Sharon L. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
To synthesise the recent work examining the relationship between sleep disturbances and dementia, emphasising studies involving individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or those investigating AD biomarkers. Additionally, we provide an update on recent interventions targeting sleep-related issues in older adults with MCI or AD.

Recent findings
Various studies have examined obstructive sleep apnoea, sleep duration, and circadian alterations in relation to Alzheimer's pathology and dementia risk, with an emerging body of evidence suggesting that cardiovascular disease, hypertension, glymphatic function, and inflammation might serve as plausible pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to dementia during critical brain periods. Conversely, recent studies investigating insomnia have produced disparate results. Regarding intervention studies, the scarcity of prospective randomised control trials poses a challenge in establishing the benefits of addressing sleep disorders and disturbances.

Summary
Recent work examining the pathophysiological links between sleep and dementia is strongest for obstructive sleep apnoea and sleep duration, while findings in insomnia studies exhibit inconsistency, possibly due to varied associations with dementia among different insomnia subtypes. It is apparent that more longitudinal studies examining the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are necessary, alongside more rigorous clinical trials. Although some trials are underway in this field, there is still scarcity in trials examining interventions for circadian disturbances.
Advancements in the phenomenology, assessment, and treatment of Tourette syndrome
Authors: Ramsey Kesley A. , McGuire Joseph F. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorders, collectively referred to as TS, are relatively common childhood onset neuropsychiatric conditions associated with functional impairment and distress. Over the past several years, clinical research has contributed to the advancement of the field's understanding of mechanisms and clinical correlates of TS. This progress has led to the development of key assessment tools and the implementation of novel interventions for individuals with TS.

Recent findings
This article provides a review of innovative TS research focusing on four key themes: investigation of clinical phenomenology of TS; validation of assessment tools for TS; dissemination of current evidence-based treatments for TS; and exploration of new intervention programs.

Summary
Cumulatively, this growing body of work presents considerable progress and provides a path forward to improve the assessment and treatment of TS.
Pre-event psychiatric states predict trajectories of stress symptoms in Japan
Authors: Nakai Fumiya , Oka Taiki , Kobayashi Nao , Tanichi Masaaki , Murakami Misa , Hamamura Toshitaka , Honjo Masaru , Miyake Yuka , Ide Kentaro , Cortese Aurelio , Nagamine Masanori , Kubo Takatomi , Chiba Toshinori 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTRecent time-dependent analyses of stress-related disorders have identified heterogeneity of trajectories and their modifying factors. While psychiatric patients are vulnerable to stress events, it is unclear how psychiatric conditions modulate subsequent stress symptoms. Using a longitudinal online survey from pre- to post-COVID-19 pandemic (n = 3815) and a latent growth mixture model, we identified four trajectories of stress symptoms: resilient, chronic, mild chronic, and early response. Though depression/anxiety was identified as a specific risk factor for the early-response trajectory, general psychiatric burden and social withdrawal were identified as common risk/protective factors. Further, we estimated pre-pandemic latent stress symptoms to determine the predictability of the stress symptoms. The chronic group showed significantly higher latent stress symptoms scores than the mild-chronic/early-response groups, both of which were significantly higher than the resilient group. These results suggest that prior psychiatric conditions may be considered for the prevention and treatment of maladaptive stress responses.
A Multicenter Evaluation of the Impact of Therapies on Deep Learning-based Electrocardiographic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Markers
Authors: Dhingra Lovedeep S , Sangha Veer , Aminorroaya Arya , Bryde Robyn , Gaballa Andrew , Ali Adel H , Mehra Nandini , Krumholz Harlan M. , Sen Sounok , Kramer Christopher M , Martinez Matthew W , Desai Milind Y , Oikonomou Evangelos K , Khera Rohan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundArtificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiography (AI-ECG) can identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) on 12-lead ECGs and offers a novel way to monitor treatment response. While the surgical or percutaneous reduction of the interventricular septum (SRT) represented initial HCM therapies, mavacamten offers an oral alternative.ObjectiveTo evaluate biological response to SRT and mavacamten.MethodsWe applied an AI-ECG model for HCM detection to ECG images from patients who underwent SRT across three sites: Yale New Haven Health System (YNHHS), Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF), and Atlantic Health System (AHS); and to ECG images from patients receiving mavacamten at YNHHS.ResultsA total of 70 patients underwent SRT at YNHHS, 100 at CCF, and 145 at AHS. At YNHHS, there was no significant change in the AI-ECG HCM score before versus after SRT (pre-SRT: median 0.55 [IQR 0.24–0.77] vs post-SRT: 0.59 [0.40–0.75]). The AI-ECG HCM scores also did not improve post SRT at CCF (0.61 [0.32–0.79] vs 0.69 [0.52–0.79]) and AHS (0.52 [0.35–0.69] vs 0.61 [0.49–0.70]). Among 36 YNHHS patients on mavacamten therapy, the median AI-ECG score before starting mavacamten was 0.41 (0.22–0.77), which decreased significantly to 0.28 (0.11–0.50,p<0.001 by Wilcoxon signed-rank test) at the end of a median follow-up period of 237 days.ConclusionsThe lack of improvement in AI-based HCM score with SRT, in contrast to a significant decrease with mavacamten, suggests the potential role of AI-ECG for serial monitoring of pathophysiological improvement in HCM at the point-of-care using ECG images.
Comparison and Evaluation of Neutralization of Clinically Frequently Used Antimicrobial Agents Using Three Different Culture Media in Simulated Blood Cultures
Authors: Hang Yaping , Xiong Jianqiu , Hu Longhua , Chen Yanhui , Zou Shan , Fang Xueyao , Xiao Yanping , Cao Xingwei , Lou Hong , Li Xiuzhen , Liu Yanhua , Zhong Qiaoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe performance of BACT/ALERT FA/FN Plu (France) blood culture containing a novel resin, DL (China) blood culture containing common resin, and adsorbent-free Thermo (USA) blood culture relying on dilution for antimicrobial neutralization at %peak serum concentration was evaluated by measuring the recovery of organisms and time to detection (TTD) in nine simulated microorganism-antimicrobial combination blood cultures.There was a significant difference in recovery rates between the aerobic media: 35/40 (87.5%) for BACT/ALERT media, 15/35 (42.9%) for DL media, and 5/40 (12.5%) for Thermo media; whereas, there was no statistical difference in TTD between FA Plus media and DL aerobic media. The recovery rates of the anaerobic media were 32/35 (91.4%) for BACT/ALERT media, 1/35 (2.9%) for DL media, and 5/35 (14.3%) for Thermo media, with significant differences only between BACT/ALERT FN Plus media and the others. Among the seven main antimicrobial categories, only BACT/ALERT FA/FN Plus culture media showed high recovery of microorganisms, except for carbapenems. The DL culture media exhibited a relatively high recovery rate of piperacillin/tazobactam, levofloxacin, and gentamicin only in aerobic media, and Thermo media only displayed the recovery of gentamicin.BACT/ALERT FA/FN Plus culture media with novel resin showed absolute advantages over DL and Thermo culture media and, thus, can be selectively applied clinically with prior use of antimicrobials before pathogen detection. DL culture media containing common resin outperformed adsorbent-free dilution-based Thermo culture media, which can be a backup option. We should focus on improving the neutralization of carbapenems with low efficiency in all three media.
Impaired skeletal muscle regeneration induced by Cre recombinase activation in skeletal muscle stem cells
Authors: Kneppers Anita , Saugues Audrey , Dabadie Carole , Larbi Sabrina Ben , Mounier Rémi 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe value of the Cre-lox system in biology is well-recognized, which is reflected by its widespread use to assess the role of a gene in a specific tissue or cell-type. Not in the least, Cre recombinase expressed under the Pax7 promotor has been invaluable for the study of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC) biology. In this study, we aimed to systematically assess the effects of the genetic makeup of Pax7Cre mice and Tamoxifen (Tx) treatment on skeletal muscle regeneration. We demonstrate that Tx treatmentper sedoes not affect skeletal muscle regeneration at 14 days post injury (d.p.i.) induced by cardiotoxin, but specifically worsened regeneration in two Pax7CreERT2lines. Pax7 heterozygosity in Pax7CreERT2(FAN)mice resulted in a lower body mass andTibialis Anterior(TA) mass, a higher number of fiberspersection, and a lower number of Pax7+cells than in Pax7CreERT2(GAKA)mice, but Tx treatment did not worsen these effects caused by Pax7 haploinsufficiency.In vitro, proliferation of Pax7CreERT2(FAN)MuSCs was impaired after 4-Hydrotamoxifen (4-OHT) treatment, while cell survival and differentiation remained unaffected. Together with a lower number of nucleiperfiber after Tx treatment in Pax7CreERT2(FAN)and male Pax7CreERT2(GAKA)mice, this may suggest an impaired MuSC pool expansion upon Cre activation. Yet, thein vivoMuSC pool was maintained in Pax7Cre mice at 14 d.p.i. Overall, our results directly show that Cre recombinase activity has an off-target effect on MuSCs, which warrants the use of Tx-treated Pax7CreERT2mice as experimental controls in future studies, and demand caution in interpreting data using other controls in previous studies.
A new protocol for multispecies bacterial infections in zebrafish and their monitoring through automated image analysis
Authors: Schmitz Désirée A. , Wechsler Tobias , Li Hongwei Bran , Menze Bjoern H. , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe zebrafishDanio reriohas become a popular model host to explore disease pathology caused by infectious agents. A main advantage is its transparency at an early age, which enables live imaging of infection dynamics. While multispecies infections are common in patients, the zebrafish model is rarely used to study them, although the model would be ideal for investigating pathogen-pathogen and pathogen-host interactions. This may be due to the absence of an established multispecies infection protocol for a defined organ and the lack of suitable image analysis pipelines for automated image processing. To address these issues, we developed a protocol for establishing and tracking single and multispecies bacterial infections in the inner ear structure (otic vesicle) of the zebrafish by imaging. Subsequently, we generated an image analysis pipeline that involved deep learning for the automated segmentation of the otic vesicle, and scripts for quantifying pathogen frequencies through fluorescence intensity measures. We usedPseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, andKlebsiella pneumoniae, three of the difficult-to-treat ESKAPE pathogens, to show that our infection protocol and image analysis pipeline work both for single pathogens and pairwise pathogen combinations. Thus, our protocols provide a comprehensive toolbox for studying single and multispecies infections in real-time in zebrafish.
Bifurcation and hysteresis in a nonlinear transport model on network motifs
Authors: Koike Hajime , Takayasu Hideki , Takayasu Misako 
Published: January 2024

Nonlinear transport has been observed in many real systems, such as international trade, business transactions, human movement, and urban traffic. To understand the fundamental properties of transport in such systems, several models have been proposed in the past few years. These models exhibit complex behavior due to the interplay between nonlinearity and the underlying network topology. We studied a transport equation on three-body network motifs both numerically and analytically, and we found bifurcation on two motifs and hysteresis of a model on one motif. These three motifs show different bifurcation points. The first two motifs have a branching node, i.e., a node with outdegree 2, and the third motif is a fully connected bidirectional triangle. In particular, the hysteresis on the bidirectional triangle is not predictable from the linear stability analysis on the uniform stationary solution. The analysis based on the self-consistency equation of the parameter u [see Eq. (6) for the precise definition] measuring the ratio between sizes on two nodes reveals the following: The bifurcation on the first two motifs is due to supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. The difference between these two motifs comes from the existence of bidirectional edges. The hysteresis on the third motif is due to the combination of the saddle-node and transcritical bifurcation. Our results imply that the nonlinear transport model exhibits nontrivial behavior even in minimal settings and that the bifurcation on large-scale networks becomes far more complex and unpredictable from the underlying network structure.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Dipolar Spin Ice Regime Proximate to an All-In-All-Out Néel Ground State in the Dipolar-Octupolar Pyrochlore
Ce2Sn2O7
Authors: Yahne D. R. , Placke B. , Schäfer R. , Benton O. , Moessner R. , Powell M. , Kolis J. W. , Pasco C. M. , May A. F. , Frontzek M. D. , Smith E. M. , Gaulin B. D. , Calder S. , Ross K. A. 
Published: January 2024

The dipolar-octupolar (DO) pyrochlores, R2M2O7 (R=Ce,Sm,Nd), are key players in the search for realizable novel quantum spin liquid (QSL) states as a large parameter space within the DO pyrochlore phase diagram is theorized to host QSL states of both dipolar and octupolar nature. New single crystals and powders of Ce2Sn2O7, synthesized by hydrothermal techniques, present an opportunity for a new characterization of the exchange parameters in Ce2Sn2O7 using the near-neighbor XYZ model Hamiltonian associated with DO pyrochlores. Utilizing quantum numerical linked cluster expansion fits to heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and classical Monte Carlo calculations to the diffuse neutron diffraction of the new hydrothermally grown Ce2Sn2O7 samples, we place Ce2Sn2O7’s ground state within the ordered dipolar all-in-all-out (AIAO) Néel phase, with quantum Monte Carlo calculations showing a transition to long-range order at temperatures below those accessed experimentally. Indeed, our new neutron diffraction measurements on the hydrothermally grown Ce2Sn2O7 powders show a broad signal at low scattering wave vectors, reminiscent of a spin ice, in striking contrast from previous powder neutron diffraction on samples grown from solid-state synthesis, which found diffuse scattering at high scattering wave vectors associated with magnetic and suggested an octupolar quantum spin ice state. We conclude that new hydrothermally grown Ce2Sn2O7 samples host a finite-temperature proximate dipolar spin ice phase, above the expected transition to AIAO Néel order.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Regional institutional environment and R&D performance: Evidence from marketization index of China’s provinces and panel data of high-tech manufacturing firms
Authors: Song Bo , Yuan Kun , Jin Yiwen , Zhao Liangjie 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
How does the regional institutional environment of China’s transitional economy influence the relationship between a firm’s R&D investment intensity and innovation performance? Based on the resource-based view and institution-based view, an empirical study was executed to identify the moderating effects of institutional environment variables from the Marketization Index of China’s Provinces: National Economic Research Institute (NERI) Report on the relationship between a firm’s R&D investment intensity and innovation performance. This paper aims to study how effectively improve the impact of R&D investment intensity on innovation performance under the influence of the institutional environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Against the background of China’s transitional economy, the authors present empirical evidence from panel data covering 374 Chinese A-share listed high-tech manufacturing firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange to examine the relationship between R&D investment intensity and innovation performance.

Findings
Empirical results illustrate the following: The R&D investment intensity and innovation performance displayed an inverse U-shaped relationship, and R&D investment intensity had a lagged effect on R&D output according to the uncertainty and industrialization period of R&D activities. The level of financial market development can intensify the effects of R&D investment intensity on innovation performance. The degree of government intervention weakens the effect of R&D investment intensity on innovation performance.

Originality/value
Based on the background of China’s institutional environment during the transition period, combined with previous research and the Marketization Index of China’s Provinces: NERI Report, selecting financial market development, government intervention level and legalization level as moderating variables to study how effectively improve the impact of R&D investment intensity on innovation performance under the influence of the institutional environment. Due to the different ownership of firms during the transition period, the appropriate impact of the institutional environment on the relationship between R&D investment intensity and innovation performance will vary. Moreover, the level of legalization would impact on innovation insignificantly.