bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods matter: the influence of method on infection estimates of the bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi
Authors: Wolmuth-Gordon Hannah S. , Sharmin Anisah , Brown Mark J. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe bumblebee gut parasite, Crithidia bombi, is widespread and prevalent in the field. Its interaction with Bombus spp. is a well-established epidemiological model. It is spread faecal-orally between colonies via the shared use of flowers when foraging. Accurately measuring the level of infection in bumblebees is important for assessing its distribution in the field, and also when conducting epidemiological experiments. Studies generally use 1 of 2 methods for measuring infection. One approach measures infection in faeces whereas the other method measures infection in guts. We tested whether the method of measuring infection affected the estimation of infection. Bumblebees were inoculated with a standardized inoculum and infection was measured 1 week later using either the faecal or gut method. We found that when the gut method was used to measure infection intensity estimates were significantly different to and approximately double those from the faecal method. These results have implications for the interpretation of previous study results and for the planning of future studies. Given the importance of bumblebees as pollinators, the impact of C. bombi on bumblebee health, and its use as an epidemiological model, we call on researchers to move towards consistent quantification of infections to enable future comparisons and meta-analyses of studies.
Using machine learning with passive wearable sensors to pilot the detection of eating disorder behaviors in everyday life
Authors: Ralph-Nearman C. , Sandoval-Araujo L. E. , Karem A. , Cusack C. E. , Glatt S. , Hooper M. A. , Rodriguez Pena C. , Cohen D. , Allen S. , Cash E. D. , Welch K. , Levinson C. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric disorders, taking a life every 52 minutes, with high relapse. There are currently no support or effective intervention therapeutics for individuals with an ED in their everyday life. The aim of this study is to build idiographic machine learning (ML) models to evaluate the performance of physiological recordings to detect individual ED behaviors in naturalistic settings.MethodsFrom an ongoing study (FinalN= 120), we piloted the ability for ML to detect an individual's ED behavioral episodes (e.g. purging) from physiological data in six individuals diagnosed with an ED, all of whom endorsed purging. Participants wore an ambulatory monitor for 30 days and tapped a button to denote ED behavioral episodes. We built idiographic (N= 1) logistic regression classifiers (LRC) ML trained models to identify onset of episodes (~600 windows) v. baseline (~571 windows) physiology (Heart Rate, Electrodermal Activity, and Temperature).ResultsUsing physiological data, ML LRC accurately classified on average 91% of cases, with 92% specificity and 90% sensitivity.ConclusionsThis evidence suggests the ability to build idiographic ML models that detect ED behaviors from physiological indices within everyday life with a high level of accuracy. The novel use of ML with wearable sensors to detect physiological patterns of ED behavior pre-onset can lead to just-in-time clinical interventions to disrupt problematic behaviors and promote ED recovery.
Childhood trauma moderates schizotypy-related brain morphology: analyses of 1182 healthy individuals from the ENIGMA schizotypy working group
Authors: Quidé Yann , Watkeys Oliver J. , Tonini Emiliana , Grotegerd Dominik , Dannlowski Udo , Nenadić Igor , Kircher Tilo , Krug Axel , Hahn Tim , Meinert Susanne , Goltermann Janik , Gruber Marius , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Wroblewski Adrian , Thomas-Odenthal Florian , Usemann Paula , Straube Benjamin , Alexander Nina , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Bauer Jochen , Winter Nils R. , Fisch Lukas , Dohm Katharina , Rössler Wulf , Smigielski Lukasz , DeRosse Pamela , Moyett Ashley , Houenou Josselin , Leboyer Marion , Gilleen James , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Thompson Paul M. , Aleman André , Modinos Gemma , Green Melissa J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchizotypy represents an index of psychosis-proneness in the general population, often associated with childhood trauma exposure. Both schizotypy and childhood trauma are linked to structural brain alterations, and it is possible that trauma exposure moderates the extent of brain morphological differences associated with schizotypy.MethodsWe addressed this question using data from a total of 1182 healthy adults (age range: 18–65 years old, 647 females/535 males), pooled from nine sites worldwide, contributing to the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Schizotypy working group. All participants completed both the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief version (SPQ-B), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and underwent a 3D T1-weighted brain MRI scan from which regional indices of subcortical gray matter volume and cortical thickness were determined.ResultsA series of multiple linear regressions revealed that differences in cortical thickness in four regions-of-interest were significantly associated with interactions between schizotypy and trauma; subsequent moderation analyses indicated that increasing levels of schizotypy were associated with thicker left caudal anterior cingulate gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and insula, and thinner left caudal middle frontal gyrus, in people exposed to higher (but not low or average) levels of childhood trauma. This was found in the context of morphological changes directly associated with increasing levels of schizotypy or increasing levels of childhood trauma exposure.ConclusionsThese results suggest that alterations in brain regions critical for higher cognitive and integrative processes that are associated with schizotypy may be enhanced in individuals exposed to high levels of trauma.
Acquisition of the feature [+spread glottis] in Icelandic
Authors: MÁSDÓTTIR Thora , BERNHARDT Barbara May , STEMBERGER Joseph Paul , HANSSON Gunnar Ólafur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe feature [+spread glottis] ([+s.g.]) denotes that a speech sound is produced with a wide glottal aperture with audible voiceless airflow. Icelandic is unusual in the degree to which [+spread glottis] is involved in the phonology: in /h/, pre-aspirated and post-aspirated stops, voiceless fricatives and voiceless sonorants. The ubiquitousness of the feature could potentially affect the rate and process of its acquisition. This paper investigates the development of [+s.g.] in Icelandic, both in general and in a range of contexts, in a cross-sectional study of 433 typically developing Icelandic-speaking children aged two to seven years. As a feature, [+s.g.] is acquired early in Icelandic, although specific sound classes lag behind due to other output constraints. Children reach mastery of [+s.g.] by age three except in word-initial post-aspirated stops and voiceless nasals. Findings are interpreted in light of the literature on the feature and its development.
Between commodification and data protection: Regulatory models governing cross-border information transfers in regional trade agreements
Authors: Słok-Wódkowska Magdalena , Mazur Joanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe subject of this analysis is the role that regional trade agreements (RTAs) play in balancing between personal data commodification and protection of privacy and personal data, approached from the perspective of Karl Polanyi’s theory of double movement. We analyse provisions on cross-border information transfers and data protection in order to establish the models for balancing between the ideas of personal data commodification and social protection, understood as allowing for the use of measures that ensure privacy and personal data protection. Our analysis indicates that there are two general models concerning the liberalization of cross-border information transfers: one model restricts states’ ability to restrict data flows while the other is more open to such measures. Next, we identify three primary models governing how data protection is treated in the agreements that liberalize data flows: one that is based on the inclusion of substantive standards of protection in the content of the given agreement; one that uses international standards as a proxy for establishing certain level of protection; and one that is based on national data protection laws. Combining identified models of liberalizing data flows with identified models of ensuring data protection allows us to show that the inclusion of seemingly similar provisions on cross-border data transfers in various RTAs has resulted in developing several different models for balancing between commodification of personal data and data protection.
Leveraging memory effects and gradient information in consensus-based optimisation: On global convergence in mean-field law
Authors: Riedl Konstantin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study consensus-based optimisation (CBO), a versatile, flexible and customisable optimisation method suitable for performing nonconvex and nonsmooth global optimisations in high dimensions. CBO is a multi-particle metaheuristic, which is effective in various applications and at the same time amenable to theoretical analysis thanks to its minimalistic design. The underlying dynamics, however, is flexible enough to incorporate different mechanisms widely used in evolutionary computation and machine learning, as we show by analysing a variant of CBO which makes use of memory effects and gradient information. We rigorously prove that this dynamics converges to a global minimiser of the objective function in mean-field law for a vast class of functions under minimal assumptions on the initialisation of the method. The proof in particular reveals how to leverage further, in some applications advantageous, forces in the dynamics without loosing provable global convergence. To demonstrate the benefit of the herein investigated memory effects and gradient information in certain applications, we present numerical evidence for the superiority of this CBO variant in applications such as machine learning and compressed sensing, which en passant widen the scope of applications of CBO.
An Updated Geomagnetic Index‐Based Model for Determining the Latitudinal Extent of Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Babu E. M. , Nesse H. , Hatch S. M. , Olsen N. , Salice J. A. , Richardson I. G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnergetic Electron Precipitation (EEP) from the Earth's plasma sheet and the radiation belts is an important feature of atmospheric dynamics through their destruction of ozone in the lower thermosphere and mesosphere. Therefore, understanding the magnitude of the atmospheric impact of the Sun‐Earth interaction requires a comprehensive understanding of the intensity and location of EEP. This study improves the accuracy of a previous pressure‐corrected Dst model that predicts the equatorward extent of >43, >114, and >292 keV EEP using the measurements from the Medium Energy Proton Electron Detector detector of six National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites and EUMETSAT/METOP satellites. The improvement is achieved through multiple linear regression of pressure‐corrected Dst and pressure‐corrected Ring Current (RC) indices. The RC index mitigates the baseline variation of the Dst index that created an inherent solar cycle bias in the previous model. The new model is then extended to the Southern Hemisphere (SH) after removing the South Atlantic Anomaly longitudes from the data. More than 80% of the residuals lie within ±1.8° Corrected Geomagnetic Latitude (CGMLat) in the Northern Hemisphere and within ±1.98° CGMLat in the SH.
Macrophage polarization and metabolism in atherosclerosis
Authors: Hou Pengbo , Fang Jiankai , Liu Zhanhong , Shi Yufang , Agostini Massimiliano , Bernassola Francesca , Bove Pierluigi , Candi Eleonora , Rovella Valentina , Sica Giuseppe , Sun Qiang , Wang Ying , Scimeca Manuel , Federici Massimo , Mauriello Alessandro , Melino Gerry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the inner walls of vessels. These plaques restrict blood flow and lead to complications such as heart attack or stroke. The development of atherosclerosis is influenced by a variety of factors, including age, genetics, lifestyle, and underlying health conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Atherosclerotic plaques in stable form are characterized by slow growth, which leads to luminal stenosis, with low embolic potential or in unstable form, which contributes to high risk for thrombotic and embolic complications with rapid clinical onset. In this complex scenario of atherosclerosis, macrophages participate in the whole process, including the initiation, growth and eventually rupture and wound healing stages of artery plaque formation. Macrophages in plaques exhibit high heterogeneity and plasticity, which affect the evolving plaque microenvironment, e.g., leading to excessive lipid accumulation, cytokine hyperactivation, hypoxia, apoptosis and necroptosis. The metabolic and functional transitions of plaque macrophages in response to plaque microenvironmental factors not only influence ongoing and imminent inflammatory responses within the lesions but also directly dictate atherosclerotic progression or regression. In this review, we discuss the origin of macrophages within plaques, their phenotypic diversity, metabolic shifts, and fate and the roles they play in the dynamic progression of atherosclerosis. It also describes how macrophages interact with other plaque cells, particularly T cells. Ultimately, targeting pathways involved in macrophage polarization may lead to innovative and promising approaches for precision medicine. Further insights into the landscape and biological features of macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques may offer valuable information for optimizing future clinical treatment for atherosclerosis by targeting macrophages.
YAP nuclear translocation induced by HIF-1α prevents DNA damage under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Chang Heng-Ai , Ou Yang Rui-Zhi , Su Jing-Ming , Nguyen Thi My Hang , Sung Junne-Ming , Tang Ming-Jer , Chiu Wen-Tai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMaladaptive repair of acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a high risk of developing chronic kidney disease deemed irremediable even in present days. When AKI arises from ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypoxia usually plays a major role. Although both hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and yes-associated protein (YAP) have been proven to promote renal cell survival under hypoxia, there is a lack of research that studies the crosstalk of the two and its effect on kidney repair. In studying the crosstalk, CoCl2 was used to create a mimetic hypoxic environment. Immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays were performed to verify protein interactions. The results show that HIF-1α interacts with YAP and promotes nuclear translocation of YAP at a high cell density under hypoxic conditions, suggesting HIF-1α serves as a direct carrier that enables YAP nuclear translocation. This is the first study to identify HIF-1α as a crucial pathway for YAP nuclear translocation under hypoxic conditions. Once translocated into a nucleus, YAP protects cells from DNA damage and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Since it is unlikely for YAP to translocate into a nucleus without HIF-1α, any treatment that fosters the crosstalk between the two holds the potential to improve cell recovery from hypoxic insults.
Mutant fixation in the presence of a natural enemy
Authors: Wodarz Dominik , Komarova Natalia L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe literature about mutant invasion and fixation typically assumes populations to exist in isolation from their ecosystem. Yet, populations are part of ecological communities, and enemy-victim (e.g. predator-prey or pathogen-host) interactions are particularly common. We use spatially explicit, computational pathogen-host models (with wild-type and mutant hosts) to re-visit the established theory about mutant fixation, where the pathogen equally attacks both wild-type and mutant individuals. Mutant fitness is assumed to be unrelated to infection. We find that pathogen presence substantially weakens selection, increasing the fixation probability of disadvantageous mutants and decreasing it for advantageous mutants. The magnitude of the effect rises with the infection rate. This occurs because infection induces spatial structures, where mutant and wild-type individuals are mostly spatially separated. Thus, instead of mutant and wild-type individuals competing with each other, it is mutant and wild-type “patches” that compete, resulting in smaller fitness differences and weakened selection. This implies that the deleterious mutant burden in natural populations might be higher than expected from traditional theory.
Aromatized liposomes for sustained drug delivery
Authors: Li Yang , Ji Tianjiao , Torre Matthew , Shao Rachelle , Zheng Yueqin , Wang Dali , Li Xiyu , Liu Andong , Zhang Wei , Deng Xiaoran , Yan Ran , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInsufficient drug loading and leakage of payload remain major challenges in designing liposome-based drug delivery systems. These phenomena can limit duration of effect and cause toxicity. Targeting the rate-limiting step in drug release from liposomes, we modify (aromatized) them to have aromatic groups within their lipid bilayers. Aromatized liposomes are designed with synthetic phospholipids with aromatic groups covalently conjugated onto acyl chains. The optimized aromatized liposome increases drug loading and significantly decreases the burst release of a broad range of payloads (small molecules and macromolecules, different degrees of hydrophilicity) and extends their duration of release. Aromatized liposomes encapsulating the anesthetic tetrodotoxin (TTX) achieve markedly prolonged effect and decreased toxicity in an application where liposomes are used clinically: local anesthesia, even though TTX is a hydrophilic small molecule which is typically difficult to encapsulate. Aromatization of lipid bilayers can improve the performance of liposomal drug delivery systems.
A conformation-locking inhibitor of SLC15A4 with TASL proteostatic anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Boeszoermenyi Andras , Bernaleau Léa , Chen Xudong , Kartnig Felix , Xie Min , Zhang Haobo , Zhang Sensen , Delacrétaz Maeva , Koren Anna , Hopp Ann-Katrin , Dvorak Vojtech , Kubicek Stefan , Aletaha Daniel , Yang Maojun , Rebsamen Manuele , Heinz Leonhard X. , Superti-Furga Giulio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDysregulation of pathogen-recognition pathways of the innate immune system is associated with multiple autoimmune disorders. Due to the intricacies of the molecular network involved, the identification of pathway- and disease-specific therapeutics has been challenging. Using a phenotypic assay monitoring the degradation of the immune adapter TASL, we identify feeblin, a chemical entity which inhibits the nucleic acid-sensing TLR7/8 pathway activating IRF5 by disrupting the SLC15A4-TASL adapter module. A high-resolution cryo-EM structure of feeblin with SLC15A4 reveals that the inhibitor binds a lysosomal outward-open conformation incompatible with TASL binding on the cytoplasmic side, leading to degradation of TASL. This mechanism of action exploits a conformational switch and converts a target-binding event into proteostatic regulation of the effector protein TASL, interrupting the TLR7/8-IRF5 signaling pathway and preventing downstream proinflammatory responses. Considering that all components involved have been genetically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and that feeblin blocks responses in disease-relevant human immune cells from patients, the study represents a proof-of-concept for the development of therapeutics against this disease.
Softening of a flat phonon mode in the kagome ScV6Sn6
Authors: Korshunov A. , Hu H. , Subires D. , Jiang Y. , Călugăru D. , Feng X. , Rajapitamahuni A. , Yi C. , Roychowdhury S. , Vergniory M. G. , Strempfer J. , Shekhar C. , Vescovo E. , Chernyshov D. , Said A. H. , Bosak A. , Felser C. , Bernevig B. Andrei , Blanco-Canosa S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeometrically frustrated kagome lattices are raising as novel platforms to engineer correlated topological electron flat bands that are prominent to electronic instabilities. Here, we demonstrate a phonon softening at the kz = π plane in ScV6Sn6. The low energy longitudinal phonon collapses at ~98 K and q = $$\frac{1}{3}\frac{1}{3}\frac{1}{2}$$

1

3

1

3

1

2

due to the electron-phonon interaction, without the emergence of long-range charge order which sets in at a different propagation vector qCDW = $$\frac{1}{3}\frac{1}{3}\frac{1}{3}$$

1

3

1

3

1

3

. Theoretical calculations corroborate the experimental finding to indicate that the leading instability is located at $$\frac{1}{3}\frac{1}{3}\frac{1}{2}$$

1

3

1

3

1

2

of a rather flat mode. We relate the phonon renormalization to the orbital-resolved susceptibility of the trigonal Sn atoms and explain the approximately flat phonon dispersion. Our data report the first example of the collapse of a kagome bosonic mode and promote the 166 compounds of kagomes as primary candidates to explore correlated flat phonon-topological flat electron physics.
Glycerol-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer nanoprobes allow 19F/1H dual-modality magnetic resonance imaging-guided cancer radiotherapy
Authors: A Rong , Wang Haoyu , Nie Chaoqun , Han Zhaoguo , Zhou Meifang , Atinuke Olagbaju Oluwatosin , Wang Kaiqi , Wang Xiance , Liu Shuang , Zhao Jingshi , Qiao Wenju , Sun Xiaohong , Wu Lina , Sun Xilin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, radiotherapy (RT) has entered a new realm of precision cancer therapy with the introduction of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging guided radiotherapy systems into the clinic. Nonetheless, identifying an optimized radiotherapy time window (ORTW) is still critical for the best therapeutic efficacy of RT. Here we describe pH and O2 dual-sensitive, perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB)-based and glycerol-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) nano-molecular imaging probes (Gly-PFOBs) with dual fluorine and hydrogen proton based CEST MR imaging properties (19F/1H-CEST). Oxygenated Gly-PFOBs ameliorate tumor hypoxia and improve O2-dependent radiotherapy. Moreover, the pH and O2 dual-sensitive properties of Gly-PFOBs could be quantitatively, spatially, and temporally monitored by 19F/1H-CEST imaging to optimize ORTW. In this study, we describe the CEST signal characteristics exhibited by the glycerol components of Gly-PFOBs. The pH and O2 dual-sensitive Gly-PFOBs with19F/1H-CEST MR dual-modality imaging properties, with superior therapeutic efficacy and biosafety, are employed for sensitive imaging-guided lung cancer RT, illustrating the potential of multi-functional imaging to noninvasively monitor and enhance RT-integrated effectiveness.