bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in elderly survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Peng Yang , Lu Bingqing , Wen Jin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivePost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition characterized by prolonged psychological distress following traumatic events encompassing serious health threats, domestic abuse, and natural disasters. The onset and persistence of PTSD can be attributed to advanced age. This study aimed to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of enduring post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors aged 60 years and over in the main area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 10 years after the disaster.MethodsData were collected using a multistage sampling method from individuals aged 60 years and older living in the main impacted areas of Wenchuan 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The PTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version (PCL‐C) was used to evaluate PTSD symptoms. We evaluated participants based on their PTSD symptoms: those exhibiting and those without. The latter group was four times the size of the former and was matched based on gender and age (within ± 2 years). Conditional logistic regression was used to discern the risk factors.ResultsOut of the total, 56 participants were recognized as having probable PTSD as per the PCL‐C checklist, leading to a rate of 9.4% (56/588). The univariate conditional logistic regression values showed that playing Mahjong/poker (odds ratio (OR) = 0.394, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.171–0.911) and displacement (OR = 0.446, 95% CI = 0.220–0.907) were protective factors for the long‐term mental health of survivors in the hard‐hit areas, while the presence of a 2‐week illness (OR = 3.605, 95% CI = 1.751–7.424), possessing insurance (OR = 0.250, 95% CI = 0.072–0.864), suffering from a chronic ailment (OR = 3.132, 95% CI = 1.2–8.174), and having an injured family member (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.136–4.496) emerged as risk factors for PTSD symptoms. Multivariate analysis indicated that the absence of insurance and prevalence of 2‐week illness correlated with increased PTSD symptoms.ConclusionsTen years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the prevalence of probable PTSD remained significantly high in the elderly population. The major risk factors were the absence of insurance and the occurrence of a 2‐week illness. Policymakers should incorporate these findings when devising strategies for aging societies.
Site‐specific phosphorylation of tau impacts mitochondrial function and response to stressors
Authors: Isei Michael O. , Girardi Peter A. , Rodwell‐Bullock Joel , Nehrke Keith , Johnson Gail V. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhosphorylation of tau at sites associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) likely plays a role in the disease progression. Mitochondrial impairment, correlating with increased presence of phosphorylated tau, has been identified as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative processes in AD. However, how tau phosphorylated at specific sites impacts mitochondrial function has not been fully defined. We examined how AD‐relevant phosphomimetics of tau impact selected aspects of mitochondrial biology. To mimic phosphorylation at AD‐associated sites, the serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) sites in wild‐type green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged tau (T4) were converted to glutamic acid (E) to make pseudo‐phosphorylated GFP‐tagged Ser‐396/404 (2EC) and GFP‐tagged Thr‐231/Ser‐235 (2EM) constructs. These constructs were expressed in immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell lines, and their impact on specific mitochondrial functions and responses to stressors were measured. Phosphomimetic tau altered mitochondrial distribution. Specifically, mitochondria accumulated in the soma of cells expressing either 2EC or 2EM and neurite‐like extensions in 2EC cells were shorter. Additionally, adenosine triphosphate levels were reduced in both 2EC‐ and 2EM‐expressing cells, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in 2EC cells during oxidation of succinate when compared to T4‐expressing cells. Thapsigargin reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS production in both 2EC and 2EM cells relative to T4 cells, with no significant difference in the effects of rotenone. These results show that tau phosphorylation at specific AD‐relevant epitopes negatively affects mitochondria, with the extent of dysfunction and stress response varying according to the sites of phosphorylation. Altogether, these findings show that phosphorylated tau increases mitochondrial susceptibility to stressors and extend our understanding of potential mechanisms whereby phosphorylated tau promotes mitochondria dysfunction in tauopathies, including AD.image
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9: A magic drug target in neuropsychiatry?
Authors: Kaczmarek Krzysztof T. , Protokowicz Karolina , Kaczmarek Leszek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeuropsychiatric conditions represent a major medical and societal challenge. The etiology of these conditions is very complex and combines genetic and environmental factors. The latter, for example, excessive maternal or early postnatal inflammation, as well as various forms of psychotrauma, often act as triggers leading to mental illness after a prolonged latent period (sometimes years). Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) is an extracellularly and extrasynaptic operating protease that is markedly activated in response to the aforementioned environmental insults. MMP‐9 has also been shown to play a pivotal role in the plasticity of excitatory synapses, which, in its aberrant form, has repeatedly been implicated in the etiology of mental illness. In this conceptual review, we evaluate the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the claim that MMP‐9 is uniquely positioned to be considered a drug target for ameliorating the adverse effects of environmental insults on the development of a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, autism spectrum disorders, addiction, and epilepsy. We also identify specific challenges and bottlenecks hampering the translation of knowledge on MMP‐9 into new clinical treatments for the conditions above and suggest ways to overcome these barriers.image
Is it really bridging the gap? Fiber internet's impact on housing values and homebuyer demographics
Authors: Wolf David , Irwin Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFiber internet expansion represents a path to improved economic vitality for Americans, but it is unclear who benefits from it and by how much. We examine the effects of subsidized fiber internet expansion on home prices and homebuyer demographics using data from Wisconsin and an IV approach to correct for fiber network endogeneity. We find fiber internet increases urban and rural housing values by 1.83% ($3,462) and decreases the likelihood a homebuyer is white by 2.88%, but in urban areas only. Fiber internet therefore does not appear to drive minority homebuyers away but may contribute to the urban‐rural racial divide.
Survey of the feeding management of giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla) in the EAZA ex‐situ programme
Authors: Steinecker‐Quast Johanna , Osmann Christine , Liesegang Annette 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFeeding giant anteaters and tamanduas as insectivorous species provides a lot of challenges for zoological institutions. In the last decades an in‐house mixture, called ‘Dortmund mixture’, was the most common feed used in giant anteaters and tamanduas in many countries within the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria ex‐situ Programme (EEP). Some nutritional problems occurred due to imbalances in the diets. The more recent nutritional recommendations for both species advise an adapted and balanced complete feed formulated for insectivorous species due to different problems arising with an in‐house mixed feed as Dortmund mixture. To objectify the present situation a questionnaire was designed and sent out to 78 institutions of the EEPs for giant anteater(s) and tamandua(s). The questionnaire was divided into different sections and asked for data on husbandry, health status, feeding, especially feed composition, feed supplementation and faecal consistency. It was completed by 45 institutions with data for 130 animals, 89 giant anteaters and 41 tamanduas. The data thus represent 54% and 59% of the EEP populations. For both species, a complete feed is mainly utilised. Especially institutions that have integrated anteaters and tamanduas into their facilities during the last 10 and 20 years, use a complete feed. Regarding the in‐house mixtures, there are distinct differences, both in composition and amount of each ingredient used. The evaluation of the feeds used for enrichment, for example, shows a clear species difference. While in tamanduas mainly insects are used for this purpose, in giant anteaters it is mainly fruits and avocado. In contrast to the past, many anteaters today are fed an adapted complete feed. Surprisingly, concerning feeding supplements the use of fat‐soluble vitamins and combined vitamin–mineral preparations is still common in both species. More effort needs to be put into enforcing current feeding recommendations, especially for the giant anteaters.
Family quality of life application among older caregivers of adults with intellectual/ developmental disabilities
Authors: Samuel Preethy S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFamily quality of life (FQOL) is a multidimensional social construct that can be used to enhance a family's well‐being by providing a framework to plan interventions and evaluate outcomes. Although researchers and policymakers see value in the FQOL domains and dimensions, families and practitioners are often skeptical of lengthy evaluations and aggregate scores. Furthermore, many practitioners find that family caregivers who require support and services overwhelmingly focus on the family member needing the most care. In doing so, they perceive their situations in a “spaghetti‐like” way. This strong focus on one aspect of the situation, or one “spaghetti” strand, can result in conversations about planning and implementing interventions becoming cyclical, like a messy tangle of strands. The FQOL lens can be used in intervention planning to transform overlapping spaghetti‐like thoughts into a waffle‐like system of interconnected and compartmentalized thoughts. The purpose of this paper was to describe the individual‐level application of the FQOL theory to plan and evaluate the benefits of a peer‐mediated family empowerment project for aging caregivers of adults with intellectual/ developmental disabilities in Michigan, USA. The study provides examples of how individual‐level FQOL evaluation at pretest informed the development of individualized action plans that focused on the strengths, desires, and challenges of 100 aging families in this statewide project.
Evaluating threats to South Shetland Antarctic fur seals amidst population collapse
Authors: Krause Douglas J. , Brownell Robert L. , Bonin Carolina A. , Woodman Samuel M. , Shaftel Douglas , Watters George M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) are an iconic marine mammal, an important component of Antarctic ecosystems, and a key indicator species for regional fisheries management. Recent studies have demonstrated Arctocephalus gazella is composed of at least four distinct subpopulations, including one breeding on the South Shetland Islands. These South Shetland Antarctic fur seals (SSAFS) are the highest latitude population of otariids in the world. As such, this subpopulation faces a unique array of environmental and ecological challenges, harbours a disproportionately large reservoir of genetic diversity for the species, and has experienced catastrophic population decline in the last 15 years (2008–2023).

We review the array of current and potential threats to the successful recovery of SSAFS.

If decision makers wish to promote resilience and support a robust population of this species with future recovery potential, actions are needed to address threats ranging from uncertain to critical, including debris entanglement, climate change, incidental mortality, and resource competition with the krill fishery.

In particular, the risks associated with overlap in the spatial and temporal distribution of the young of the year and the krill fishery should be addressed carefully.

There is an urgent need for updated population estimates for all Antarctic fur seal subpopulations, analysis on the population viability of the SSAFS, and further characterising summer and winter foraging behaviours to better inform potential conservation actions.
A retrospective study of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in children with allergies
Authors: Takaoka Yuri , Baba Yosuke , Toriumi Shun , Ishida Shoji , Ebara Takahiro , Ohishi Kenji , Miyabayashi Kazuki , Kojima Mayuki , Yamada Hiromichi , Yoneyama Toshiyuki , Yamazaki Susumu , Honjo Asuka , Inage Eisuke , Shoji Hiromichi , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in children are continually changing. We conducted a survey of pediatric allergy patients attending our department to determine the prevalence of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in children.MethodsA retrospective study was performed among children aged <11 years, referred to a pediatric allergy department between February 2020 and January 2022 with a chief complaint of allergy. The data of children with blood examination findings were retrospectively studied. Qualitative testing for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and IgM antibodies was performed using a SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid antibody test. Participants were retested 1 year later to evaluate changes in antibody levels.ResultsIn total, 310 patients with a median age of 26 months (interquartile range: 11.6–58.4 months) and male/female ratio of 1.31 were included. A total of 32 patients tested positive for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG or IgM antibodies. No differences were observed in the severity of allergic disease. The prevalence of antibodies was higher among children enrolled in preschool or school (odds ratio: 13.19, 95% confidence interval; 2.30–249.7). A total of 66.7% of patients underwent follow‐up testing. The antibody positivity rate increased between the first and second testing, but this was not related to the number of medical visits or the severity of allergic disease.ConclusionAntibody prevalence in children was low but increased during the study period. The majority of children who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies did not have a history of coronavirus disease 2019, suggesting that most infections were subclinical.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of pea shoot development and cell‐type‐specific responses to boron deficiency
Authors: Chen Xi , Ru Yanqi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nakazono Mikio , Shabala Sergey , Smith Steven M. , Yu Min 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYUnderstanding how nutrient stress impacts plant growth is fundamentally important to the development of approaches to improve crop production under nutrient limitation. Here we applied single‐cell RNA sequencing to shoot apices of Pisum sativum grown under boron (B) deficiency. We identified up to 15 cell clusters based on the clustering of gene expression profiles and verified cell identity with cell‐type‐specific marker gene expression. Different cell types responded differently to B deficiency. Specifically, the expression of photosynthetic genes in mesophyll cells (MCs) was down‐regulated by B deficiency, consistent with impaired photosynthetic rate. Furthermore, the down‐regulation of stomatal development genes in guard cells, including homologs of MUTE and TOO MANY MOUTHS, correlated with a decrease in stomatal density under B deficiency. We also constructed the developmental trajectory of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) cells and a transcription factor interaction network. The developmental progression of SAM to MC was characterized by up‐regulation of genes encoding histones and chromatin assembly and remodeling proteins including homologs of FASCIATA1 (FAS1) and SWITCH DEFECTIVE/SUCROSE NON‐FERMENTABLE (SWI/SNF) complex. However, B deficiency suppressed their expression, which helps to explain impaired SAM development under B deficiency. These results represent a major advance over bulk‐tissue RNA‐seq analysis in which cell‐type‐specific responses are lost and hence important physiological responses to B deficiency are missed. The reported findings reveal strategies by which plants adapt to B deficiency thus offering breeders a set of specific targets for genetic improvement. The reported approach and resources have potential applications well beyond P. sativum species and could be applied to various legumes to improve their adaptability to multiple nutrient or abiotic stresses.
Reman Co-Design: A Combined Design and Remanufacturing Optimization Framework for the Sustainable Design of High-Value Components
Authors: Behtash Mohammad , Liu Xinyang , Davied Matthew , Thompson Todd , Burjes Roger , Lee Michael , Wang Pingfeng , Hu Chao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Remanufacturing is a process that returns end-of-life equipment to as-new conditions and offers numerous environmental and economic benefits. To fully capitalize on remanufacturing, its synergistic interactions with design must be fully realized and addressed during the design stage. Although this fact is widely recognized in the literature, most of the current studies focus primarily either on the design or remanufacturing aspects of design for remanufacturing (DfRem). In an effort to offer a more integrated DfRem approach than those reported in the literature, we propose a new combined design and remanufacturing optimization (reman co-design) framework that takes a holistic approach by leveraging the intricate interplay between design and remanufacturing. The aim of this formulation is to identify the optimal decisions that maximize the benefits of remanufacturing throughout the entire lifespan of a product. To showcase the utility of the new formulation, we are using a case study of a hydraulic manifold, (re)manufactured by John Deere. Using this industry example, we compare the results of reman co-design to the ones from a decoupled remanufacturing design approach. Results reveal that remanufacturing benefits are better realized and improved upon when using the developed reman co-design approach.
A Reliability-Based Optimization Framework for Planning Operational Profiles for Unmanned Systems
Authors: Hazra Indranil , Chatterjee Arko , Southgate Joseph , Weiner Matthew J. , Groth Katrina M. , Azarm Shapour 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Unmanned engineering systems that execute various operations are becoming increasingly complex relying on a large number of components and their interactions. The reliability, maintainability, and performance optimization of these systems are critical due to their intricate nature and inaccessibility during operations. This paper introduces a new reliability-based optimization framework for planning operational profiles for unmanned systems. The proposed method employs deep learning techniques for subsystem health monitoring, dynamic Bayesian networks for system reliability analysis, and multi-objective optimization schemes for optimizing system performance. The proposed framework systematically integrates these schemes to enable their application to a wide range of tasks, including offline reliability-based optimization of system operational profiles. This framework is the first in the literature that incorporates health monitoring of multi-component systems with causal relationships. Using this hybrid scheme on unmanned systems can improve their reliability, extend their lifespan, and enable them to execute more challenging missions. The proposed framework is implemented and executed using a simulation model for the engine cooling and control system of an unmanned surface vessel.
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in a High-Speed Low-Reynolds Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade
Authors: Okada Mizuki , Simonassi Loris , Lopes Gustavo , Lavagnoli Sergio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in the blade-to-blade (B2B) plane and cascade outlet plane (COP) of a high-speed low-pressure turbine (LPT) cascade were performed at engine-representative outlet Mach number (0.70–0.95), and Reynolds number (70–120 k) under steady flow conditions. The freestream turbulence characteristics were imposed by means of a passive turbulence grid. The PIV results on the B2B plane were compared against five-hole probe (5HP) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computations to assess the validity of measurement and simulation techniques in the engine-relevant LPT cascade flows. The PIV captured the wake depth and width measured by the 5HP whereas the RANS displayed an overprediction of the wake Mach number deficit. The 5HP was found to impose sinewave fluctuations of the measured flow angle downstream, around three times higher than PIV. Additionally, PIV estimated turbulence intensity (TI) in the cascade, showing TI decay along a streamline. At the highest Mach number, a peak TI occurred past a shock wave. Measurements of the outlet flow field highlighted a high TI in the secondary flow region whereas high degree of anisotropy (DA) was registered in the boundary of the secondary flow and freestream regions. The contribution of the streamwise fluctuation component was found to be less than the crosswise and radial components in the freestream region. Increasing the cascade outlet Mach number, the contribution of streamwise fluctuation to the DA was observed to decrease.