bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic Strategy and Performance: an Empirical Test of the Miles and Snow Typology
Authors: Parnell John A. , Wright Peter 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARYPrevious research has considered the strategy‐performance relationship in industries of relatively low degrees of dynamism and volatility. This study empirically tests the Miles and Snow typology with a dynamic, growing and volatile service industry. Results support earlier research and suggest that, considering catalogue and mail‐order houses (SIC‐5961), reactors did not perform as well as businesses adopting other generic strategies. However, prospectors experienced significantly higher levels of revenue growth than other businesses. Further, analysers were significantly more profitable than businesses adopting other strategies. These results suggest that combination strategies are a viable means for sustaining competitive advantage.
Are Water Tables a Subdued Replica of the Topography?
Authors: Haitjema Henk M. , Mitchell‐Bruker Sherry 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe water table in unconfined aquifers is often believed to be a subdued replica of the topography or land surface. However, this assumption has not been widely tested and in some cases has been found to be in error. An analysis of ground water rise in regional unconfined aquifers, using both a two‐dimensional boundary element model and a one‐dimensional Dupuit‐Forchheimer model, reveals the conditions under which the water table does or does not closely follow the topography. A simple decision criterion is presented to estimate in advance under which conditions the water table is expected to be largely unrelated to the topography and under which conditions the topography controls the position of the water table.
Evaluation of the true precocious puberty rats induced by neonatal administration of Danazol: Therapeutic effects of nourishing "Yin"- removing "Fire" Chinese herb mixture
Authors: Tian Zhanzhuang , Zhao Hong , Sun Yan , Cai Depei , Chen Boying 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Nourishing "Yin"-Removing "Fire" Chinese Herb Mixture, a traditional herb-based formulation, has been successfully used for the management of idiopathic true precocious puberty (IPP) for more than thirty years. Precocious puberty rat model by neonatal administration of Danazol was used to investigate the effects of the herb mixture on the advanced sexual development of the rats, and the expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is the important regulator for the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, particularly at puberty.

Methods
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: intact normal (N), IPP model (M), vehicle with no IPP (V), IPP model exposed to herb mixture (HM) and IPP model exposed to saline (S). Rats at 5 days of age were given a single subcutaneous injection of 300 microgram of Danazol dissolved in 25 microliter vehicle of propylene glycol-ethanol (1:1, v/v), to establish the precocious puberty model. From the day 15, rats in HM and S groups were continuously fed with either Nourishing "Yin"-Removing "Fire" Chinese Herb Mixture 2 ml or saline 2 ml, until 3 consecutive regular estrous cycles were established. The day of vaginal opening and the day of setup regular estrous cycle of the rats were observed. Blood concentration of estrogen was determined by radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis were used to explore the expression of GnRH.

Results
The day of vaginal opening and first estrous showed significant advancement in M compared with N and V (p < 0.05, respectively). The blood estrogen level increased significantly in M compared with those in other groups (about 28 days of age, at the time of vaginal opening in M rats) (p < 0.05, respectively). GnRH cells in rostral medial septum (MS), Broca diagonal band nucleus (DBB) and the medial preoptic area (MPOA), were calculated. The number in M was less than those in N and V (p < 0.05, respectively). The number was significantly higher in HM than that in M (p < 0.05). The GnRH mRNA expression increased significantly in M compared with that in N and V (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The true precocious puberty model by neonatal administration of Danazol in female rats showed augmented expression of hypothalamic GnRH; the Nourishing "Yin"-Removing "Fire" Chinese Herb Mixture down-regulated the increased GnRH expression, and significantly delayed the sexual development of the precocious puberty rat.
Morphological and Phase Changes in Calcium Oxalate Crystals Induced by Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from Algae Eucheuma striatum
Authors: Ouyang Jian-Ming , Wu Xiu-Mei 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The sulfated polysaccharide (SPS) isolated from marine algae Eucheuma striatum can inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate (CaOxa) crystal, prevent the aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), and induce the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals. All these factors can prevent the formation of CaOxa urinary stones. It indicated SPS may be a potential green drug to CaOxa urinary stones.
Soziale Identität als Motor der Technologieaneignung in virtuellen Gemeinschaften (Social Identity as an Agent of Technology-Use Mediation in Virtual Communities)
Authors: Janneck Monique , Finck Matthias , Oberquelle Horst 
Published: August 2005

Zusammenfassung
Prozesse der Technologieaneignung wurden bislang vor allem im Rahmen traditioneller Organisationen untersucht. In diesem Beitrag betrachten wir die Aneignung und Nutzung einer Web-Plattform in zwei selbstorganisierten Gemeinschaften. Dabei handelt es sich zum einen um eine Studiengemeinschaft, zum anderen um ein Netzwerk selbstständiger IT-Fachleute. Die Technologieaneignung wird dabei von zumeist freiwilligen, eigenständigen Initiativen einzelner Mitglieder bestimmt. Um diese Prozesse zu analysieren, ziehen wir die ‚klassische‘ sozialpsychologische Theorie der Sozialen Identität als Perspektive auf Web-basierte Gemeinschaften heran, die bislang in Arbeiten zu virtuellen Gemeinschaften und CSCW erst wenig Beachtung gefunden hat. Als zentrales Bestimmungsstück der Technologieaneignung in selbstorganisierten Gemeinschaften arbeiten wir die Entwicklung einer gemeinsamen Identität heraus. Abschließend geben wir Hinweise zur Moderation selbstorganisierter Web-basierter Gemeinschaften, die sich aus unseren Fallstudien ableiten lassen.
IT-gestützte Modellierung und Analyse elektronischer Expertengemeinschaften (Modeling and Evaluation of Electronic Expert Communities)
Authors: Trier Matthias 
Published: August 2005

Zusammenfassung
Die gegenwärtige Softwareunterstützung für Communities of Practice bietet ihren Mitgliedern eine Vielzahl von Funktionalitäten zur Inhaltserstellung und Kommunikation. Die insbesondere im Unternehmenseinsatz relevante Zielgruppe der Community Koordinatoren wird jedoch bisher nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Für sie sind zur Entwicklung ihres Netzwerkes Analysen und Bewertungen der Struktur, des Wissenstransfers und des Wachstums des Wissensnetzwerkes hilfreich. Um diesem Bedarf Rechnung zu tragen, stellt der Artikel ein Softwareprojekt vor, welches eine Auswertung und Bewertung von virtuellen Wissensgemeinschaften ermöglicht. Hierzu werden automatisch verfügbare elektronische Daten verschiedener Kommunikationsnetzwerke wie z.B. E-Mail, Diskussionsforen oder Instant Messaging extrahiert und mit Hilfe eines speziellen Ansatzes zur Messung und Bewertung der Netzwerke über quantitative Messzahlen und Indikatoren systematisch ausgewertet. Des Weiteren entstehenden strukturelle Visualisierungen, welche Social Network Intelligence Verfahren mit Keywordanalysen verbinden. Mit diesem Ansatz kann der professionelle Einsatz von Communities of Practice im Rahmen eines betrieblichen Wissensmanagements erleichtert werden, indem z.B. die Identifikation von wichtigen Teilnehmern, Wissensbereichen oder Expertengruppen im Netzwerk, aber auch die Beobachtung der Entwicklung der Community im Zeitablauf ermöglicht wird.
Extent and Consistency Across Generations of Linkage Disequilibrium in Commercial Layer Chicken Breeding Populations
Authors: Heifetz E M , Fulton J E , O'Sullivan N , Zhao H , Dekkers J C M , Soller M 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Recent studies report a surprisingly high degree of marker-to-marker linkage disequilibrium (LD) in ruminant livestock populations. This has important implications for QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection. This study evaluated LD between microsatellite markers in a number of breeding populations of layer chickens using the standardized chi-square (χ2′) measure. The results show appreciable LD among markers separated by up to 5 cM, decreasing rapidly with increased separation between markers. The LD within 5 cM was strongly conserved across generations and differed among chromosomal regions. Using marker-to-marker LD as an indication for marker-QTL LD, a genome scan of markers spaced 2 cM apart at moderate power would have good chances of uncovering most QTL segregating in these populations. However, of markers showing significant trait associations, only 57% are expected to be within 5 cM of the responsible QTL, and the remainder will be up to 20 cM away. Thus, high-resolution LD mapping of QTL will require dense marker genotyping across the region of interest to allow for interval mapping of the QTL.
Mapping With a Few Plants: Using Selective Mapping for Microsatellite Saturation of the Prunus Reference Map
Authors: Howad Werner , Yamamoto Toshiya , Dirlewanger Elisabeth , Testolin Raffaele , Cosson Patrick , Cipriani Guido , Monforte Antonio J , Georgi Laura , Abbott Albert G , Arús Pere 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The concept of selective (or bin) mapping is used here for the first time, using as an example the Prunus reference map constructed with an almond × peach F2 population. On the basis of this map, a set of six plants that jointly defined 65 possible different genotypes for the codominant markers mapped on it was selected. Sixty-three of these joint genotypes corresponded to a single chromosomal region (a bin) of the Prunus genome, and the two remaining corresponded to two bins each. The 67 bins defined by these six plants had a 7.8-cM average length and a maximum individual length of 24.7 cM. Using a unit of analysis composed of these six plants, their F1 hybrid parent, and one of the parents of the hybrid, we mapped 264 microsatellite (or simple-sequence repeat, SSR) markers from 401 different microsatellite primer pairs. Bin mapping proved to be a fast and economic strategy that could be used for further map saturation, the addition of valuable markers (such as those based on microsatellites or ESTs), and giving a wider scope to, and a more efficient use of, reference mapping populations.
Targeted ultrasound contrast agents: In vitro assessment of endothelial dysfunction and multi‐targeting to ICAM‐1 and sialyl Lewisx
Authors: Weller Gregory E.R. , Villanueva Flordeliza S. , Tom Eric M. , Wagner William R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn ultrasound‐based molecular imaging technique capable of detecting endothelial cell markers of inflammation may allow early, non‐invasive assessment of vascular disease. Clinical application of targeted, acoustically‐active microbubbles requires optimization of microbubble‐endothelial adhesion strength to maximize image signal‐to‐noise ratio, as well as the ability to discern the degree of inflammation along a continuum of dysfunction. Accordingly, we hypothesized that adhesion of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1)‐targeted microbubbles is dependent on the degree of endothelial inflammation, and that microbubbles multi‐targeted to both ICAM‐1 (via anti‐ICAM‐1 antibodies) and selectins (via sialyl Lewisx) demonstrate greater adhesion strength than microbubbles targeted to either inflammatory marker alone. In a radial flow chamber, microbubbles were perfused across endothelial cells activated with interleukin‐1β to four different levels of inflammation, as assessed by quantitative ICAM‐1 expression. ICAM‐1‐targeted microbubble adhesion strength increased with increasing degree of inflammation, with a relationship that was both positive and linear (r > 0.99). Microbubble adhesion strength was significantly higher for the multi‐targeted microbubbles than either of the single‐targeted microbubbles. These data thus demonstrate that multi‐targeting of contrast microbubbles may offer improved adhesion characteristics, allowing for greater sensitivity to inflammation. Furthermore, the adhesion strength of targeted microbubbles is linearly dependent on the degree of inflammation, suggesting that targeted ultrasound imaging may offer differentiation between various degrees of endothelial dysfunction, and thus detect not only the presence, but also the severity of inflammatory disease processes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Jasplakinolide Analogues Containing a Novel ω‐Amino Acid
Authors: Marimganti Srinivasa , Yasmeen Shazia , Fischer Daniela , Maier Martin E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of the ω‐amino acid 4 is described utilizing a two‐dimensional synthesis strategy combined with an enzymatic differentiation of homotopic ester groups. The amino acid 4 features two non‐bonded interactions that result in conformational constraints on a cyclic construct. This amino acid was incorporated into the four macrolactams 17, 22, 31, and 37. The ring in 17 and 22 is 18‐membered, whereas 31 and 37 have a 19‐membered ring. The pairs with the same ring size differ in a N‐methyl group. For the larger macrolactams (31 and 37) conformational analysis showed that the macrocyclic rings are somewhat more rigid than in the natural lead, the depsipeptide jasplakinolide. Nevertheless, their conformations are comparable to the natural product. There are no intramolecular hydrogen bonds, neither is the cis‐rotamer populated in the N‐methyl compound 37. Due to the increased flexibility of the smaller macrolactams 17 and 22 and signal overlap, a distinct solution structure could not be obtained for these compounds. The amino acid 4 should be useful for restricting the conformation of other small peptides.
An Access to 3,4‐(Aminomethano)proline in Racemic and Enantiomerically Pure Form
Authors: Brackmann Farina , Schill Heiko , de Meijere Armin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractProtected racemic and enantiomerically pure 3,4‐(aminomethano)prolines rac‐9 and (2S,2′R,3R,4R)‐9 have been prepared applying a titanium‐mediated reductive cyclopropanation as a key step. Thus, cyclopropanations of N,N‐dibenzylformamide with titanacyclopropanes generated in situ from racemic or enantiomerically pure tert‐butyl N‐Boc‐3,4‐dehydroprolinates rac‐8 or (S)‐8 proceed diastereoselectively, and furnish the protected racemic and enantiomerically pure diamino acid 9. The latter was incorporated into three tripeptides containing glycyl, alanyl and phenylalanyl moieties.
Bladder carcinoma: Where are the patient advocates?
Authors: Soloway Mark S. 
Published: August 2005

Although bladder carcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy diagnosed in men and the eighth most common in women, little public information currently is available regarding this neoplasm. It appears that few clinicians are aware that because of the lifelong need to monitor for recurrence using cystoscopy, as well as the treatment of recurrent tumors, the cost per bladder carcinoma patient from the time of diagnosis to death is the highest among all malignancies in the U.S. In their study, Prout et al. suggest that patients with muscle‐invasive bladder carcinoma, in particular those in the older age groups, may not be receiving optimal treatment. Factors that may be responsible for this are discussed.See also pages 1563–6 and 1638–47.
Indium(I) Hexafluoropnictates (InPnF6; Pn = P, As, Sb)
Authors: Mazej Zoran 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe colourless compounds InPnF6 (Pn = P, As, Sb), with InI in a solely fluorine environment, were prepared by reacting In metal with PnF5 (Pn = P) and displacement of the weaker Lewis acid BF3 from InBF4 by a stronger one, PnF5 (Pn = As, Sb), in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF). The X‐ray powder diffraction analyses show that InPF6 crystallises in cubic unit cell with a = 8.07(2) Å, while InAsF6 crystallises in a rhombohedral unit cell with a = 7.58(2) and c = 7.90(1) Å. The Raman spectra of InPnF6 (Pn = P, As, Sb) confirm the formation of PnF6– salts. An attempt to prepare InF and In2F4(InIInIIIF4) by reaction of CsF with InSbF6 in aHF or by metathetical reaction of InSbF6 with CsInF4 in aHF, respectively, failed. Instead of InF and In2F4, respectively, a mixture of In and InF3 was obtained. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The fine structures of three Latin squares
Authors: Chang Yanxun , Lo Faro Giovanni , Nordo Giorgio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDenote by Fin(υ) the set of all integral pairs (t,s) for which there exist three Latin squares of order υ on the same set having fine structure (t,s). We determine the set Fin(υ) for any integer v ≥ 9. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 85–110, 2006
A resected case of advanced duodenal carcinoma with occlusion of the celiac artery
Authors: Hayashibe Akira , Sakamoto Kazuki , Shinbo Masaya , Makimoto Shinitiro , Nakamoto Takeshi , Higashiue Shinichi , Toyonaga Takashi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA 75‐year‐old woman with vomiting, admitted on March 7 2002, was diagnosed with advanced duodenal carcinoma based on ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangio‐ancreatography (MRCP), percutaneus transhepatic cholangiography. Angiography showed the celiac artery to be occluded. The common hepatic artery was demonstrated via the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). We conducted a probe laparotomy and resected connective tissue with the celiac ganglion and lymph nodes surrounding the celiac artery. The frozen specimen showed no malignancy. Then the celiac artery was exposed and celiac axis compression syndrome was not seen. A portion of the greater saphenous vein was taken from the patient's right thigh and grafted between the common hepatic artery and the supraceliac portion of the aorta. One end of the saphenous vein was anastomosed to the side of the common hepatic artery. The other end of the saphenous vein was anstomosed to the aorta in an end to side fashion. After the reconstruction of celiac circulation, we performed radical pancreaticoduodenectomy. The postoperative course was not eventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital 5 weeks after surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:270–272. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The application of 2‐D dual nanoscale liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap system for the identification of proteins
Authors: Tschäppät Viviane , Varesio Emmanuel , Signor Luca , Hopfgartner Gérard 
Published: August 2005

Abstract2‐D nanoscale LC combined with a triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap mass spectrometer was applied to the analysis of a complex peptide mixture. A 2‐D dual nanoscale LC‐MS/MS system was compared to a conventional one. Peptides were separated with a strong cation exchange (SCX) microcolumn in the first dimension and two C18nanocolumns were used as second dimension. MS experiments were performed using information‐dependent data acquisition, where two precursor ions were selected from an enhanced MS (EMS) or an enhanced multicharged ion (EMC) as survey scan. The major benefit of EMC instead of EMS was a two‐fold reduction of the data file and a 15% increase of characterized proteins. The advantage of the 2‐D dual nanoscale LC‐MS/MS systemversusthe conventional 2‐D nanoscale LC‐MS/MS system was reflected in the significant increase of peptides which were successfully identified within the same time frame. The first factor contributing to this increase was that the mass spectrometer was collecting twice the number of relevant MS/MS data. The second factor is the use of twice the number of SCX salt fractions in the first dimension, allowing a better sample fractionation, thereby reducing the number of peptides transferred to the second chromatographic dimensionpersalt fraction.
Co‐occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder with positive psychotic symptoms in a nationally representative sample
Authors: Sareen Jitender , Cox Brian J. , Goodwin Renee D. , J.G. Asmundson Gordon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and positive psychotic symptoms was examined in the National Comorbidity Survey (N = 5877). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to make DSM‐III‐R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) diagnoses. Posttraumatic stress disorder was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of endorsing one or more psychotic symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographics, psychiatric and medical comorbidity (odds ratios (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43–2.45; p < .001). The co‐occurrence of PTSD with psychotic symptoms was marked by greater levels of severity (higher total number of PTSD symptoms, greater levels of comorbidity, and high distress) compared with PTSD alone. This is the first population‐based study to investigate PTSD in relation to endorsement of positive psychotic symptoms, and a strong association was obtained.
New synthetic methods for the formation of basic, polyvalent, hyperbranched grafts
Authors: Bergbreiter David E. , Simanek Eric E. , Owsik Izabela 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA practical synthetic route to polybasic, polyamine, hyperbranched grafts using commercially available polyethyleneimine (PEI) and cyanuric chloride as a coupling agent is described. The grafting process was followed by XPS spectroscopy, TGA analysis, ATR‐IR spectroscopy, acid–base titration, and by 13C CP‐MAS NMR spectroscopy. In the case of silica gel, thermal gravimetric analyses showed that a 35 wt % loading of graft could be obtained. Acid–base titration of hyperbranched PEI grafts on silica gel and oxidized polyethylene powder showed the ion‐exchange capacities of these PEI‐grafted substrates were 1.00 and 0.17 mmol of base/g of solid, respectively. Although the focus of the paper is on grafting on silica gel, the influence of the kind of support and solvent on the grafting process and the ion‐exchange capacity was examined. Water was a good solvent for PEI grafting onto silica gel, but a more hydrophobic polyethylene support required the use of dichloromethane as a solvent for PEI graft synthesis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4654–4665. 2005