bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Optimize Risperidone Treatment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hermans Rebecca A. , Storm Alaya E.M. , Kloosterboer Sanne M. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Koch Birgit C.P. , Dierckx Bram , de Winter Brenda C.M. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat irritability and aggression in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. In an earlier study, the sum trough concentration of risperidone and its metabolite (9-hydroxyrisperidone) was positively correlated with weight gain and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic window for risperidone sum trough concentrations that balances weight gain with treatment effectiveness in this population. In addition, the effect of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on treatment optimization was simulated.

Methods:
In a retrospective cohort (n = 24 children), the target window for risperidone leading to the least increase in body mass index z-scores while retaining effectiveness as measured by the irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist was determined using receiver operating curve analysis. This target range was used to simulate the effect of TDM using a population PK model implemented in the software platform InsightRX. Dosing advice was based on plasma trough concentrations and the dose administered at 12 weeks to simulate whether more children would be on target at 24 weeks after the start of treatment.

Results:
A risperidone sum trough target range of 3.5–7.0 mcg/L would minimize increase in body mass index z-score and optimize effectiveness. Dosing advice using TDM and a population PK model would lead to a larger proportion of children achieving the target concentration range (62.5% versus 16.7%).

Conclusions:
TDM may be a useful tool for optimizing risperidone treatment in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
Advances in Contact Lens Care Solutions: PVP-I Disinfectant and HAD Wetting Agents From Japan
Authors: Itokawa Takashi , Yamasaki Katsuhide , Suzuki Takashi , Koh Shizuka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Half of the individuals who wear contact lenses use reusable lenses that require proper care. Improper contact lens (CL) care and using inadequate disinfecting solutions can lead to lens contamination, CL-related microbial keratitis, and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Oxidative disinfecting solutions, such as hydrogen peroxide, show higher efficacy than multipurpose solutions. Povidone–iodine (PVP-I), an oxidative disinfectant used in ophthalmic surgery, has been proven to be safe and effective. The PVP-I system, a CL disinfecting solution developed in Japan, has demonstrated excellent antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Although CL discomfort does not have a risk of ocular disorders with poor visual prognosis, such as keratitis, CL discomfort can still lead to lens dropout and thus needs to be addressed. To mitigate CL discomfort, it is essential to use disinfecting solutions containing surfactants and wetting agents that improve wettability of the lens surface. A CL solution containing hyaluronic acid derivatives (HADs) as wetting agents that permanently adhere to the lens surface to improve wettability of the lens surface was developed in Japan. There is potential for HAD to be integrated into various solutions. This article reviews the efficacy of novel PVP-I–based disinfecting solution and HAD wetting agents.
Bowman Layer Marking for Correct Placement of Corneal Allogeneic Intrastromal Ring Segments
Authors: Jacob Soosan , Agarwal Amar , Awwad Shady , Parker Jack , Mimouni Michael , J Sambath 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRS) refer to the placement of allogeneic rings and segments in intrastromal channels within the cornea. Currently, a deepithelialized donor cornea is used as the allogeneic source for CAIRS and the cut ring is turned sideways and implanted so that the thickness can be varied by varying the distance between the concentric trephine blades. In addition, to obtain a greater effect, CAIRSs are preferred to be implanted with the Bowman layer (BL) facing the corneal apex and posterior stroma facing limbally. Being flexible tissue, it is, however, important to prevent twisting and to maintain correct orientation. We describe a simple technique of marking the BL with a gentian violet surgical marker to simplify CAIRS insertion. BL marking allows easy visibility of twists and helps identify improper orientation, thus allowing correct insertion of CAIRS.
“I Have to Do It in Secrecy”: Provider Perspectives on HIV Service Delivery and Quality of Care for Key Populations in Zambia
Authors: Mulenga Drosin M. , Rosen Joseph G. , Banda Lunda , Musheke Maurice , Mbizvo Michael T. , Raymond Henry F. , Keating Ryan , Witola Harold , Phiri Lyson , Geibel Scott , Tun Waimar , Pilgrim Nanlesta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Key populations (KPs) experience suboptimal outcomes along the HIV care and prevention continua, but there is limited study of the challenges service providers encounter delivering HIV services to KPs, particularly in settings like Zambia, where provision of these services remains legally ambiguous. Seventy-seven providers completed in-depth interviews exploring constraints to HIV service delivery for KPs and recommendations for improving access and care quality. Thematic analysis identified salient challenges and opportunities to service delivery and quality of care for KPs, spanning interpersonal, institutional, and structural domains. Limited provider training in KP-specific needs was perceived to influence KP disclosure patterns in clinical settings, impeding service quality. The criminalization of KP sexual and drug use behaviors, coupled with perceived institutional and legal ambiguities to providing HIV services to KPs, cultivated unwelcoming service delivery environments for KPs. Findings elucidate opportunities for improving HIV service delivery/quality, from decentralized care to expanded legal protections for KPs and service providers.
Cerebrospinal fluid cytology-assisted diagnosis of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Wang Hao-Chuan , Li Yanan , Li Dao-Jing , Li Hongfang 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Lymphoblastic lymphoma is a rare form of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The most common clinical manifestations are superficial lymphadenopathy and mediastinal mass. In a few cases, invasion of the central nervous system is the first manifestation. It is also difficult to diagnose patients using the central nervous system as the first manifestation. Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old man with central nervous system disease as the primary manifestation; we used cerebrospinal fluid cytology (CSF-C) for early diagnosis and shared the importance of CSF-C for early diagnosis of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Case presentation:
The patient was admitted to the hospital because of “right eyelid closure weakness with headache for 1 month and exacerbation with sluggish response for 1 week.” Physical examination revealed a bilateral Kernig sign (+) and Lasgue sign (+). The Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were 20 (out of 30). When there was no abnormality in the imaging examination, the patient was misdiagnosed with meningoencephalitis and received anti-inflammatory treatment because the initial symptom was a clinical manifestation of the central nervous system, and the imaging and blood tests showed no definite abnormality. Cerebrospinal fluid has been studied and second-generation sequencing detection, such as after CSF-C tip to abnormal lymphocytes, to open the breakthrough of the diagnosis of lymphoma.

Conclusions:
In the cases with central nervous system injury as the first manifestation, CSF-C was combined with immunohistochemistry and cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry to provide a clear and effective method and evidence for the early diagnosis of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
Diurnal Variation in Accommodation, Binocular Vergence, and Pupil Size
Authors: Redondo Beatríz , Serramito María , Vera Jesús , Alguacil-Espejo Marina , Rubio-Martínez Mercedes , Molina Rubén , Jiménez Raimundo 
Published: November 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
Our results show significant diurnal variations in accommodative function and the magnitude of the phoria. Therefore, when comparing visual measures in clinical or laboratory settings, performing the visual examination at the same time of day (±1 hour) is encouraged.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accommodation, binocular vergence, and pupil behavior on three different times during the day.

METHODS
Twenty collegiate students (22.8 ± 2.1 years) participated in this study. Participants visited the laboratory on three different days at 2-hourly intervals (morning, 9:00 to 11:00 am; afternoon, 2:00 to 4:00 pm; evening, 7:00 to 9:00 pm). The binocular vergence and accommodative function were measured using clinical optometric procedures, and the accommodative response and pupil function were evaluated in binocular conditions using the WAM-5500 autorefractometer.

RESULTS
The accommodative amplitude for the right and left eyes showed statistically significant differences for the time interval (P = .001 and P = .02, respectively), revealing higher accommodative amplitude in the morning and afternoon in comparison with the evening. Participants were more esophoric when assessed in the morning in comparison with the evening at far and near (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively) and when assessed in the afternoon in comparison with the evening at far distance (P = .02). The magnitude of accommodative response was higher in the morning, and it decreased throughout the day at 500 (P < .001), 40 (P = .05), and 20 cm (P < .001). No statistically significant differences were obtained for any other variable.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows small diurnal variations in some accommodative and binocular vergence parameters, but no effects were observed for the pupil response. These outcomes are of special relevance for eye care specialists when performing repeated accommodative or binocular vergence measures. However, the diurnal variations were modest and may not influence a routine orthoptic examination.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics Assessment of Severe Acute Toxic Ingestions in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Sheng Chu-Qiao , Wang Wenzhen , Xue Yang , Li Yu-Mei 
Published: November 2023

Objective
This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of severe acute toxic ingestions in children in Jilin Province and provide a reference for seeking effective measures to prevent poisoning accidents.

Methods
The clinical data of patients diagnosed with acute toxic ingestions and who presented with severe life-threatening symptoms or organ dysfunction at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the First Hospital of Jilin University were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with incomplete clinical medical records, unclear toxic substance, and loss to follow-up within 6 months of discharge are excluded. We sorted out these children's demographic characteristics, types of poisoning, clinical manifestations, treatment process, and follow-up, etc.

Results
This study enrolled 141 cases with no significant differences in sex and region; adolescents accounted for 44.68%. The most common poisons were pesticides and insecticides for rural areas and internal medication for urban areas. With poisoning details as a grouping variable, there was no statistical difference between sex groupings (χ2 = 6.018, P = 0.198) and no difference between region groups (χ2 = 3.775, P = 0.289). However, there were statistical differences between age groups (χ2 = 28.22, P = 0.001). In this research, patients younger than 6 years are mainly unintentionally poisoned, whereas the suicide rate of the urban group (P < 0.05), adolescents (P < 0.01), and girls (P < 0.01) has increased significantly; moreover, the suicide group is more likely to take more overdose medication or pesticides and insecticides (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a statistical difference between suicide and length of intensive care unit stay (r = 0.268, P < 0.01). A total of 90.78% of the patients were successfully discharged after comprehensive treatment. Children aged younger than 12 years had good psychological and intellectual development during the follow-up period, whereas adolescents diagnosed with depression often required long-term psychological and medication intervention.

Conclusions
This study identified poisoning details in different ages, regions, and sex of acute severe oral poisoning in children from Jilin Province. The results presentation of different prevention priorities should vary among children of different ages and emphasize adolescent suicide being a reality in Jilin Province. There is an urgent need for further culture-specific research in this area.
First-Person Point-of-View Instructional Video on Lumbar Puncture Procedure
Authors: Hatt Danielle , Zimmerman Elise , Chang Elizabeth , Vane Jackson , Hollenbach Kathryn A. , Shah Ashish 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Tutorial videos filmed from a first-person point of view (FP-POV) are generally well received. Pediatric residents are expected to be competent in performing the lumbar puncture (LP). The educational effectiveness of a FP-POV in lumbar puncture procedure training for resident physicians has yet to be evaluated. We compared a FPPOV LP video with a standard in-person demonstration of the LP.

Methods
We designed an assigned cohort study to compare a FP-POV procedural instructional video of a simulated pediatric LP to the standard in-person procedure demonstration.
After the intervention, residents completed an LP observed by one of two blinded reviewers who assessed the procedure using a modified, published assessment tool.
Participants completed preintervention and postintervention surveys to rate self-confidence and usefulness of the FP-POV educational method. The data was analyzed using a Wilcoxon Rank sum test. z Scores were calculated on the raw assessment scores.

Results
Eighteen first year pediatric residents participated, nine in each group. The median modified assessment tool score was 17 in the FP-POV group (min, 14; max, 17; IQR:, 1.5) and 14 in the standard demonstration group (min, 6; max, 17; IQR, 4.5), with the higher score being more successful. There was a statistical difference between the assessment scores between the 2 groups (z score = 2.18, P = 0.04). Postintervention survey data demonstrated relative satisfaction with the FPPOV educational method.

Conclusions
This study supports the educational effectiveness of a FP-POV procedure tutorial.
Future studies with a larger sample size are needed.
Preparation, structure characterization, and in vitro bioactivity of yam starch-polyphenol complex
Authors: Zhang Weimei , Zhang Xueqian , Tian Hongyue , Wen Chunxiu , Liu Lingdi , Tian Wei , Gao Wenyuan , Li Xia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.), with medicinal and edible properties, holds a significant position in both traditional medicine and food in China. It is rich in resistant starch (RS), which imparts various beneficial effects, including anticonstipation, regulation of blood lipids, and prevention of gastric ulcers. However, the resistance of native yam starch to digestion diminishes during cooking, necessitating suitable modifications.

Objective
In this article, yam starch was complexed with five different polyphenols to create RS5. The goal was to explore how these diverse polyphenols influence the physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities associated with yam RS.

Method
Yam starch-polyphenol complexes, involving five different polyphenols, namely, magnolol (MAG), ferulic acid (FA), resveratrol (RES), apple polyphenols (APs), and green tea polyphenols (GTPs), were prepared. The investigation encompassed the assessment of physicochemical properties, structural traits, in vitro cholate binding capacity, and in vitro antidigestive effects of these complexes.

Results
The results highlight the pronounced affinity of MAG for yam starch, followed by FA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that starch-polyphenol binding primarily involves noncovalent interactions. X-ray diffraction analysis discloses V-type crystal structures in YS-MAG, YS-APs, and YS-GTPs complexes. The incorporation of polyphenols reduces the thermal stability of starch while enhancing its in vitro cholate binding capacity, restraining starch digestion, and elevating RS content. Notably, YS-FA exhibits an impressive RS content of up to 54.15%. In addition, YS-MAG and YS-FA significantly enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids. These findings deepen our comprehension of the interplay between yam starch and polyphenols, offering valuable insights for the development of novel food products with enhanced health benefits.
Identification of potential riboswitch elements inHomo SapiensmRNA 5’UTR sequences using Positive-Unlabeled machine learning
Authors: Raymond William S. , DeRoo Jacob , Munsky Brian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRiboswitches are a class of noncoding RNA structures that interact with target ligands to cause a conformational change that can then execute some regulatory purpose within the cell. Riboswitches are ubiquitous and well characterized in bacteria and prokaryotes, with additional examples also being found in fungi, plants, and yeast. To date, no purely RNA-small molecule riboswitch has been discovered inHomo Sapiens. Several analogous riboswitch-like mechanisms have been described within theH. Sapienstranslatome within the past decade, prompting the question: Is there aH. Sapiensriboswitch dependent on only small molecule ligands? In this work, we set out to train positive unlabeled machine learning classifiers on known riboswitch sequences and apply the classifiers toH. SapiensmRNA 5’UTR sequences found in the 5’UTR database, UTRdb, in the hope of identifying a set of mRNAs to investigate for riboswitch functionality. 67,683 riboswitch sequences were obtained from RNAcentral and sorted for ligand type and used as positive examples and 48,031 5’UTR sequences were used as unlabeled, unknown examples. Positive examples were sorted by ligand, and 20 positive-unlabeled classifiers were trained on sequence and secondary structure features while withholding one or two ligand classes. Cross validation was then performed on the withheld ligand sets to obtain a validation accuracy range of 75%-99%. The joint sets of 5’UTRs identified as potential riboswitches by the 20 classifiers were then analyzed. 15333 sequences were identified as a riboswitch by one or more classifier(s) and 436 of theH. Sapiens5’UTRs were labeled as harboring potential riboswitch elements by all 20 classifiers. These 436 sequences were mapped back to the most similar riboswitches within the positive data and examined. An online database of identified and ranked 5’UTRs, their features, and their most similar matches to known riboswitches, is provided to guide future experimental efforts to identifyH. Sapiensriboswitches.Author summaryRiboswitches are an important regulatory element mostly found in bacteria that have not been described inHomo Sapiens. However, if human riboswitches exist and if they can be found, they could have vast implications on human disease. We apply positive-unlabeled machine learning to on known riboswitch sequences to searchH. Sapiens5’UTR sequences for potential riboswitches. We analyze our ensemble predictions for likelyH. Sapiens5’UTR riboswitches using GO analysis to determine their potential functional roles, and we rank and display our predicted sequences next to the most similar known riboswitches. We expect these analyses to be helpful to the scientific community in planning future experiments for laboratory discovery and validation.0.1Graphical Abstract
Unveiling the Genetic Tapestry: Rare Disease Genomics of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Phenylketonuria Proteins
Authors: Nawn Debaleena , Hassan Sk. Sarif , Redwan Elrashdy M. , Bhattacharya Tanishta , Basu Pallab , Lundstrom Kenneth , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRare diseases, defined by their low prevalence, present significant challenges, including delayed detection, expensive treatments, and limited research. This study delves into the genetic basis of two noteworthy rare diseases in Saudi Arabia: Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). PKU, resulting from mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, exhibits geographical variability and impacts intellectual abilities. SMA, characterized by motor neuron loss, is linked to mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Recognizing the importance of unveiling signature genomics in rare diseases, we conducted a quantitative study on PAH and SMN1 proteins of multiple organisms by employing various quantitative techniques to assess genetic variations. The derived signature-genomics contributes to a deeper understanding of these critical genes, paving the way for enhanced diagnostics and treatments for disorders associated with PAH and SMN1.
Visualizing tomato spotted wilt virus protein localization: Cross-kingdom comparisons of protein-protein interactions
Authors: Martin K.M. , Chen Y. , Mayfield M.A. , Montero-Astúa M. , Whitfield A.E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an orthotospovirus that infects both plant and insect cells. Understanding the protein localization and interactions in these cells is crucial for unraveling the infection cycle and host-virus interactions. In this study, we investigated the localization of TSWV proteins in cells of plants and insects. Furthermore, we identified the protein-protein interactions among TSWV proteins using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two-hybrid (MbY2H) assays. Our results revealed distinct localization patterns for TSWV proteins in plant and insect cells. The nucleocapsid protein (N), essential for genome encapsidation, was found in the cytoplasm of both cell types. The non-structural movement protein (NSm) localized to the cytoplasm in insect cells, different from the localization in plant cells’ plasmodesmata. The non-structural silencing protein (NSs) exhibited peripheral localization in plant cells and cytoplasmic localization in insect cells. Additionally, glycoproteins GNand GCshowed cytoplasmic localization in both cell types. Moreover, protein-protein interaction analyses revealed self-interactions of NSm, N, GN, GC, and NSs. These interactions are crucial for viral genome encapsidation, virion assembly, and RNA silencing suppression. We also identified interactions between different TSWV proteins, indicating their roles and host interactions. Comparisons with other orthotospovirus interaction maps highlighted the uniqueness of TSWV protein-protein interaction networks. Despite sharing genome organization and putative gene annotations, each orthotospovirus exhibited distinct interaction maps. Overall, this research expands our knowledge of TSWV infection and elaborates on the intricate relationships between viral proteins, cellular dynamics, and host responses. These findings lay the groundwork for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of TSWV infection and may facilitate the development of effective control strategies.