bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between pediatric traumatic brain injury and epilepsy at later ages in Finland: A nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: Laaksonen Juho , Ponkilainen Ville , Kuitunen Ilari , Möttönen Julius , Mattila Ville M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to examine how pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) correlates with incidence of epilepsy at later ages in Finland.MethodsThis nationwide retrospective register‐based cohort study extended from 1998 to 2018. The study group consisted of 71 969 pediatric (<18 years old) patients hospitalized with TBI and a control group consisting of 64 856 pediatric patients with distal extremity fracture. Epilepsy diagnoses were gathered from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution. Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression models were conducted to analyze the probability of epilepsy with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsCumulative incidence rates (CIRs) for the first 2 years were .5% in the pTBI group and .1% in the control group. The corresponding rates after 15 years of follow‐up were 1.5% in the pTBI group and .7% in the control group. Due to proportional hazard violations, the study population was split to the first 2 years and in subgroup analysis 4 years. During the first 2 years of surveillance, the hazard ratio (HR) for the pTBI group was 4.38 (95% CI = 3.39–5.66). However, between years 2 and 20, the HR for the pTBI group was 2.02 (95% CI = 1.71–2.38). A total of 337 patients (.47%) underwent neurosurgery, and 36 (10.7%) patients subsequently developed epilepsy. The CIR for the first year after TBI was 4.5% (95% CI = 2.3–6.7) in operatively managed patients and .3% (95% CI = .3–.4) in nonoperatively managed patients. Corresponding figures after 15 years were 12.0% (95% CI = 8.2–15.8) and 1.5% (95% CI = 1.4–1.6). During the first 4 years of surveillance, the HR for the operative pTBI group was 14.37 (95% CI = 9.29–20.80) and 3.67 (95% CI = 1.63–8.22) between years 4 and 20.SignificancepTBI exposes patients to a higher risk for posttraumatic epilepsy for many years after initial trauma. Children who undergo operative management for TBI have a high risk for epilepsy, and this risk was highest during the first 4 years after injury.
Strengthening and supporting parent–child relationships through digital technology: Benefits and challenges
Authors: Johnson Amy , Rogers Marg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis paper explores Australian military families' use of social media and digital communication to maintain and strengthen parent–child relationships during military deployments.BackgroundThe physical and emotional well‐being of children and partners of military serving members is affected by service. Maintaining positive family relationships between military members and their children during periods of absence (including deployment) is important for parental relationships as well as the well‐being of the child.MethodA qualitative meta‐analysis is used to collate data from two previous studies of Australian Defence Force (ADF) families with children, in order to generate a new data set from which novel insights were drawn.ResultsFamilies show a preference for social media and digital communication methods, and digital technologies affordances and practicalities are well suited for Defence families with children. There are a range of benefits; digital technologies are used to strengthen relationships between children and their deployed parent. The study highlights a range of challenges for deployed parents as well as points to the work required from the at‐home parent in facilitating these connections.ConclusionMaintaining positive family relationships between military members and their children during times of absences is important for both relationships. This paper explores how ADF families use social and digital communication during military absences and outlines the role these technologies play as a medium for strengthening familial relationship.Implications.The findings of this paper highlight the importance of digital and social communication technologies for supporting families during absences. This has implications for the ADF, who might look to reduce members' access to such communication for security concerns. Reduced family well‐being may also have impacts on retention, a key issue for military organizations. Accordingly, the findings of this paper may be used to inform decisions about restricting internet and social media access for deployed military members.
Executive compliance with parliamentary powers under authoritarianism: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Shalaby Marwa , Williamson Scott 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen are executives in authoritarian regimes more likely to comply with formal legislative powers? Building from theories of authoritarian power‐sharing, we argue that executives will be more likely to respect legislative prerogatives when protests or elite organization increase the ability of legislators to undermine the executive's political position. We evaluate this argument by analyzing novel protest and legislative data in Jordan between 2010 and 2015. In line with our expectations, we find that parliamentary queries were more likely to receive the required response from the cabinet during months of higher protest activity and when they were submitted by MPs from Jordan's only well‐organized opposition bloc in the parliament. This study extends the burgeoning scholarship on authoritarian legislatures by contributing to understanding of executive‐legislative interactions under autocracy and providing new insights into the conditions under which these legislatures are more likely to influence decision‐making processes.
Brewers' spent grain extract as antioxidants in starch‐based active biopolymers
Authors: Ludka Flavia Rafaela , Klosowski Ana Beatriz , Camargo Giovani Almeida , Justo Aline Silva , Andrade Evelyn Assis , Beltrame Flávio Luis , Olivato Juliana Bonametti 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBrewer's spent grain (BSG) is a by‐product of the brewery and represents a sustainable alternative for application in starch‐based active materials. This study aimed to develop starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) films containing BSG extract, with focus on the influence of BSG on the mechanical, structural, and barrier properties of the films. The antioxidant potentials of the extract and the films were proved by ABTS●+ (IC50 = 2.0 ± 0.6 μg mL−1) and DPPH● (IC50 = 196.05 ± 018.66 μg mL−1) assays. The addition of BSG extract did not have a significant impact on the mechanical performance and weight loss in water of the materials. The incorporation of the extract resulted in a rough surface, without pores and/or cracks. Controlled release of phenolic compounds was observed for BSG3 (3 g.100 g−1 of BSG extract) (163.3 ± 20.9 mgGAE.mL−1) and BSG5 (5 g.100 g−1 of BSG extract) (165.7 ± 23.6 mgGAE.mL−1) over a 4 h period. Therefore, this study shows the potential of BSG as an organic source of antioxidants for active biopolymers.
1 Death, Suicide and the Older Adult
Authors: Kastenbaum Robert 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTElderly people who are at high risk for suicide often have characteristics that are associated with reduced opportunity or inclination to communicate (e.g., male, living alone, residing in a low‐income transient urban area, suffering from a depressive state). This paper attempts to provide converging perspectives on death and suicide from the standpoints of both the external observer and the elderly person. An interpretation of the statistical pattern is followed by a critique of current policy proposals for limiting society's response to the needs of vulnerable people on the basis of a “natural life span.” Studies of elderly people themselves reveal a great diversity of attitudes toward death that is not well served by generalizations and stereotypes. However, it appears that stressful conditions of life arouse more anxiety among older people than does the prospect of death.
6 Gender and Suicide in the Elderly
Authors: Canetto Silvia Sara 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTGender is one of the most important predictors of suicide in the elderly. In North America, older women are less likely to be suicidal than older men. So far, suicidologists have either ignored gender differences or have focused on the presumed causes of older men's suicidal behavior. In this paper, the focus is on older women's low rates of suicidal mortality. On the basis of a review of the literature, several hypotheses are suggested. One is that gender differences in suicide mortality reflect differences in coping. Another hypothesis is that gender differences are influenced by gender norms of suicidal behavior. Directions for prevention are proposed.
7 Environmental Factors in Suicide in Long‐Term Care Facilities
Authors: Osgood Nancy J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTOne major purpose of this study was to identify environmental factors related to suicide in long‐term care facilities. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of administrators at 1,080 facilities. Information was collected on facility characteristics, overt suicide, and intentional life‐threatening behavior.Chi‐square analyses revealed 4 environmental characteristics related to suicidal behavior and deaths from suicide: staff turnover, size, auspices, and per diem cost. More suicides occurred in larger facilities and facilities with higher staff turnover. Religious or “other” facilities experienced more suicidal deaths than public or private facilities; facilities charging less experienced more deaths.
Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective
Authors: Hu Frank B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, global life expectancies have risen significantly, accompanied by a marked increase in chronic diseases and population aging. This narrative review aims to summarize recent findings on the dietary factors influencing chronic diseases and longevity, primarily from large cohort studies. First, maintaining a healthy weight throughout life is pivotal for healthy aging and longevity, mirroring the benefits of lifelong, moderate calorie restriction in today's obesogenic food environment. Second, the specific types or food sources of dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrates are more important in influencing chronic disease risk and mortality than their quantity. Third, some traditional diets (e.g., the Mediterranean, Nordic, and Okinawa) and contemporary dietary patterns, such as healthy plant‐based diet index, the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet, and alternate healthy eating index, have been associated with lower mortality and healthy longevity. These patterns share many common components (e.g., a predominance of nutrient‐rich plant foods; limited red and processed meats; culinary herbs and spices prevalent in global cuisines) while embracing distinct elements from different cultures. Fourth, combining a healthy diet with other lifestyle factors could extend disease‐free life expectancies by 8–10 years. While adhering to core principles of healthy diets, it is crucial to adapt dietary recommendations to individual preferences and cultures as well as nutritional needs of aging populations. Public health strategies should aim to create a healthier food environment where nutritious options are readily accessible, especially in public institutions and care facilities for the elderly. Although further mechanistic studies and human trials are needed to better understand molecular effects of diet on aging, there is a pressing need to establish and maintain long‐term cohorts studying diet and aging in culturally diverse populations.
The role of comorbidities, medications, and social determinants of health in understanding urban‐rural outcome differences among patients with heart failure
Authors: Zeitler Emily P. , Joly Joanna , Leggett Christopher G. , Wong Sandra L. , O'Malley A. James , Kraft Sally A. , Mackwood Matthew B. , Jones Sarah T. , Skinner Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThere is now a 20% disparity in all‐cause, excess deaths between urban and rural areas, much of which is driven by disparities in cardiovascular death. We sought to explain the sources of these disparities for Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsUsing a sample of Medicare Parts A, B, and D, we created a cohort of 389,528 fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with at least 1 heart failure hospitalization from 2008 to 2017. The primary outcome was 30‐day mortality after discharge; 1‐year mortality, readmissions, and return emergency room (ER) admissions were secondary outcomes. We used hierarchical, logistic regression modeling to determine the contribution of comorbidities, guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT), and social determinants of health (SDOH) to outcomes.ResultsThirty‐day mortality rates after hospital discharge were 6.3% in rural areas compared to 5.7% in urban regions (P < .001); after adjusting for patient health and GDMT receipt, the 30‐day mortality odds ratio for rural residence was 1.201 (95% CI 1.164‐1.239). Adding the SDOH measure reduced the odds ratio somewhat (1.140, 95% CI 1.103‐1.178) but a gap remained. Readmission rates in rural areas were consistently lower for all model specifications, while ER admissions were consistently higher.ConclusionsAmong patients with HFrEF, living in a rural area is associated with an increased risk of death and return ER visits within 30 days of discharge from HF hospitalization. Differences in SDOH appear to partially explain mortality differences but the remaining gap may be the consequence of rural‐urban differences in HF treatment.
Linking South American dry regions by the Gran Chaco: Insights from the evolutionary history and ecological diversification of Gomphrena s.str. (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Bena María J. , Baranzelli Matias C. , Costas Santiago M. , Cosacov Andrea , Acosta María C. , Moreira‐Muñoz Andrés , Sérsic Alicia N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeoclimatic events driving South American aridization have generated biota differentiation due to barriers and new environment formation. New environments allow species climatic niche evolution, or the geographical expansion of an existing one. Understanding the role these processes play may clarify the evolution of South American biota. Gomphrena L. ranges across almost all the continent's arid environments. We tested whether South American drylands are biogeographically connected through the Gran Chaco but, due to different aridity levels, lineage diversification could have also been associated with the evolution of climatic niches and morphological or physiological traits. With available data, we generated a dated phylogeny, estimated ancestral ranges, performed diversification analyses, reconstructed ancestral states of two characters, and examined if niches have changed between lineages. Results showed that Gomphrena diversified throughout the easternmost South American drylands ~15.4 Ma, and subsequently three independent clades colonized the western arid regions during the last Andean pulse, and after the marine transgressions (~4.8–0.4 Ma) via the Gran Chaco. The colonization implied an increase in the diversification rate of annuals over perennials and the progressive east–west differentiation of the occupied climatic niche. This diversification was influenced by C4 photosynthesis, which could have acted as a niche opener to conquer new environments after the Paranaean Sea withdrew. Spatiotemporal patterns found in Gomphrena suggest that geographical expansion and evolution of climatic niches played a common but decoupled role in promoting diversification. These results show that the Gran Chaco may have acted as a historical connection linking South American drylands.
Courtroom workgroup dynamics and implementation of Three Strikes reform
Authors: Chen Elsa Y. , Chung Emily , Sands Emily 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 2012, California's voters passed a ballot initiative that scaled back the state's “Three Strikes” sentencing law and permitted certain individuals who were serving 25‐to‐life prison terms to petition for resentencing and potentially release. Using analysis of original qualitative interview data supplemented with court administrative records, this study examines how characteristics of courtroom workgroup members; their intergroup dynamics; political, professional, and administrative considerations; and allocated resources were perceived by court officials to facilitate or impede the implementation of this reform in county courts. Availability of staff and budget was associated with a higher proportion of completed case dispositions in the first 2 years of implementation, but resources were not the only factor associated with timely case processing. Courtroom actors' seniority, experience, and professional security facilitated agreement on processes, schedules, and other details. Small, stable, close‐knit groups established routine procedures and developed expertise more quickly, but could not always avoid bottlenecks or delays. Less stable workgroups had higher rates of denial of petitions for resentencing. Positions toward Proposition 36 shaped by political, professional, or other priorities were perceived to influence some elected DAs' positions and line prosecutors' behavior, manifesting in cooperation, opposition, or mixed messages.
Best of Both Worlds? Fixation of Distal Femur Fractures with the Nail‐Plate Construct
Authors: Pfister Benjamin , Wilson Anthony , Drobetz Herwig 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesDistal femoral fractures are a significant injury sustained by low‐ and high‐energy trauma. Common treatment practices are lateral locking plate or intramedullary nail fixation, with disadvantages including risk of non and malunion and limited post‐operative weightbearing status. Combining both techniques as a nail‐plate construct (NPC) theoretically achieves enhanced fixation to allow immediate weightbearing. The aim of this study is to examine radiographic union, malunion and patient‐reported outcomes in distal femur NPC fixation.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective study including all patients >18 years who sustained distal femur fractures treated with NPC. Primary outcomes were radiographic union, malunion and patient reported outcome measures at minimum 1‐year follow‐up. Secondary outcome measures included post‐operative mobility, length of stay and complications. Relevant variables of normality are reported as mean with standard deviation. Subgroup analysis of patients aged <65 and ≥65 years are provided.ResultsSixteen patients were included in the study. Rate of radiographic union was 100%. There was no case of malunion. All patients were allowed to bear full weight immediately post‐operatively. Mean length of stay was 9.50 days, with 37.5% of patients discharged directly home. The majority (85.7%) of patients returned to pre‐injury mobility. Early post‐operative complications occurred in three patients. Three patients returned to theater. The mean EQ‐5D‐5L index value was 0.713, with 71.4% describing no problems with self‐care and 85.7% reporting no or slight problems with usual daily activities.ConclusionThe NPC provided stable fixation permitting full weightbearing post‐operatively with no cases of non or malunion. Return to pre‐injury mobility and activity are encouraging. Based on these results we support the use of nail‐plate construct fixation in the management of distal femur fractures.
Leaf structure and water relations of an allotetraploid Mediterranean fern and its diploid parents
Authors: Nadal Miquel , Quintanilla Luis G. , Pons‐Perpinyà Joan , Lima Valéria F. , Gago Jorge , Aranda Ismael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAllopolyploidy is a common speciation mechanism in plants; however, its physiological and ecological consequences in niche partitioning have been scarcely studied. In this sense, leaf traits are good proxies to study the adaptive capacity of allopolyploids and diploid parents to their respective environmental conditions. In the present work, leaf water relations (assessed through pressure–volume curves) and structural and anatomical traits of the allotetraploid fern Oeosporangium tinaei and its diploid parents, Oeosporangium hispanicum and Oeosporangium pteridioides, were studied under controlled conditions in response to a water stress (WS) cycle. O. hispanicum showed the lowest osmotic potential at turgor loss point (πtlp) and leaf capacitance, together with higher leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness (LT), leaf density (LD), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC), whereas O. pteridioides presented the opposite set of traits (high πtlp and capacitance, and low LMA, LT, LD, and LDMC). O. tinaei showed an intermediate position for most of the studied traits. The responsiveness (osmotic and elastic adjustments) to WS was low, although most of the traits explained the segregation of the three species across a range of drought tolerance according to the rank: O. hispanicum > O. tinaei > O. pteridioides. These trait differences may underlie the niche segregation among coexisting populations of the three species in the Mediterranean basin.
The Effect of Organic Solid Waste Compost on Soil Properties, Growth, and Yield of Swiss Chard Crop (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Kebede Temesgen , Diriba Dereje , Boki Ararsa 
Published: October 2023

In Dilla town and the university compound, huge amounts of biodegradable solid waste (BDSW), which include food and farm and yard wastes, are generated from student and staff cafeterias and animal farms. Improper treatment and disposal of this waste resulted in contamination of surface water and soil, air pollution, and spreading of diseases. On the other hand, soil fertility of most arable lands of Dilla Zuria woreda is highly depleted due to low levels of soil fertility management practices and inorganic-based farming. These factors make a considerable contribution to the degradation of fertile soil and reduction of yield. Thus, the management of BDSW through composting is important to minimize environmental problems and improve the soil fertility of arable lands. However, the effects of BSWC compost on plant growth and crop yield are highly variable in different studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of food waste compost (FWC) and leaf yard compost (LYC) at different application rates on the soil properties, growth, and yield responses of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.). Food waste, leaf and yard waste, and animal dung were collected and composted in a heap-composting method. The produced organic amendments were applied to soil at an application rate of 5, 10, and 15 t/ha, respectively. Two harvesting times were considered, and at each leaf harvesting time, plant growth parameters (height, leaf number, leaf area, and fresh weight) were analyzed; after the second harvesting time, soil properties were analyzed. Results indicated that increasing rates of FWC significantly (

p

< 0.001) increased the plant height, leaf area, and fresh yield of Swiss chard. The application of 15 t/ha of FWC also increased SOC, TN, available P, and CEC. Food waste was recycled through composting as a soil amendment to improve soil properties and the yield of Swiss chard.