bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
435‐bp liver regulatory sequence in the liver fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP) gene is sufficient to modulate liver regional expression in transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Her Guor Mour , Yeh Yang‐Hui , Wu Jen‐Leih 
Published: June 2003

AbstractLiver fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP) is a small protein that is thought to play an important role in the intracellular binding and trafficking of long chain fatty acids in the liver. Expression of the gene encoding the zebrafish liver fatty acid binding protein is regulated by a 435‐bp distal region (−1944 to −1510) of the L‐FABP promoter. The 435‐bp sequence is sufficient for gene activation in the liver primordia (or bud) and continues to be active in the adult liver when positioned adjacent to the SV40 basal promoter and linked directly to green fluorescent protein. The 435‐bp sequence region has two distinct liver regulatory elements, A (−1944 to −1623) and B (−1622 to −1510), and contains multiple putative consensus binding sites. The element A sequence includes two consensus HFH and one HNF‐1α site and the element B sequence includes one consensus HNF‐3β site. Deletion of an internal 435‐bp fragment (−1944 to −1510) including the A and B elements totally ablated the liver‐specific activity of the zebrafish L‐FABP gene promoter. Deletion of either of the two elements reduces the liver activity. Mutation of the HNF‐1α site or either of the two HFH sites in the A element or the HNF‐3β site in the B element significantly altered specificity in the liver primordia of transient expression embryos. The importance of the HNF‐1α consensus binding site in the A element and the HNF‐3β consensus binding site in the B element within the 435‐bp distal region of the L‐FABP promoter region suggests that combinatorial interactions between multiple regulatory factors are responsible for the gene expression of L‐FABP in the liver. Developmental Dynamics 227:347–356, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perturbed thyroid morphology and transient hypothyroidism symptoms in Hoxa5 mutant mice
Authors: Meunier Dominique , Aubin Josée , Jeannotte Lucie 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe Hox family of transcriptional regulators has been extensively studied for their role in axial and appendicular patterning. Genetic analyses have also unveiled Hox gene function in organogenesis and postnatal development. A phenotypical survey of the Hoxa5−/− mutant mice shows that the surviving mutants display symptoms of hypothyroidism, including transient growth retardation, and delayed eye opening and ear elevation. Thyroid gland morphogenesis initiates normally, but follicle formation and thyroglobulin processing are abnormal at late gestation. The expression of several molecular markers essential for thyroid gland formation and function, namely Nkx2.1, Pax8, and Titf2, is affected in the developing thyroid gland of Hoxa5−/− mutants. As a consequence, the expression of thyroid effector genes, including the thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase genes, is perturbed. Our characterization reveals that the loss of Hoxa5 function transiently affects thyroid development in a non–cell autonomous manner. Developmental Dynamics 227:367–378, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TGF‐β3–dependent SMAD2 phosphorylation and inhibition of MEE proliferation during palatal fusion
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Mei , Chai Yang , Chen Jucheng , Yamamoto Tadashi , Ito Yoshihiro , Bringas Pablo , Shuler Charles F. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF) ‐β3 is known to selectively regulate the disappearance of murine medial edge epithelium (MEE) during palatal fusion. Previous studies suggested that the selective function of TGF‐β3 in MEE was conducted by TGF‐β receptors. Further studies were needed to demonstrate that the TGF‐β signaling mediators were indeed expressed and phosphorylated in the MEE cells. SMAD2 and SMAD3 were both present in the MEE, whereas SMAD2 was the only one phosphorylated during palatal fusion. SMAD2 phosphorylation was temporospatially restricted to the MEE and correlated with the disappearance of the MEE. No phosphorylated SMAD2 was found in MEE in TGF‐β3−/− mice, although nonphosphorylated SMAD2 was present. The results suggest that TGF‐β3 is required for initiating and maintaining SMAD2 phosphorylation in MEE. Phospho‐SMAD3 was not detectable in palate during normal palatal fusion. Previous results suggested TGF‐β–induced cessation of DNA synthesis in MEE cells during palatal fusion in vitro. The present results provide evidence that inhibition of MEE proliferation in vivo was controlled by endogenous TGF‐β3. The number of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) ‐labeled MEE cells was significantly reduced in TGF‐β3+/+ compared with TGF‐β3−/− mice when the MEE seam formed (t‐test, P < 0.05). This finding suggests that TGF‐β3 is required for inhibiting MEE proliferation during palatal fusion. The inhibition of MEE proliferation may be mediated by TGF‐β3–dependent phosphorylation of SMAD2. Developmental Dynamics 227:387–394, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronological gene expression of ADAMs during testicular development: Prespermatogonia (gonocytes) express fertilin β (ADAM2)
Authors: Rosselot Carolina , Kierszenbaum Abraham L. , Rivkin Eugene , Tres Laura L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractImmediately after birth, primordial germinal cell‐derived prespermatogonia (PSG), located in the center of the testicular cords, migrate between adjacent Sertoli cells to establish contact with the cord basal lamina. PSG migration suggests continued assembly and disassembly of cell–cell contacts by a molecular mechanism that may involve integrins and their ligands, the disintegrin domain of spermatogenic cell‐specific plasma membrane proteins called ADAMs. We have analyzed the temporal gene expression of selected ADAMs in intact fetal, early postnatal, and pubertal rat testis and Sertoli–spermatogenic cell cocultures by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry. We report that several ADAM transcripts are expressed in fetal, neonatal, and prepubertal testes. Cyritestin (ADAM3), ADAM5, ADAM6, and ADAM15 are expressed in day 17 fetal testes. In contrast, no expression of fertilin α (ADAM1) and fertilin β (ADAM 2) was detected in fetal testes. Fertilin β gene expression starts after postnatal day 2, subsequent to the expression of fertilin α, which occurs on postnatal day 1. After postnatal day 2, all the indicated ADAMs, including the fertilin α and fertilin β, continue to be expressed. Transcripts of spermatogenic cell‐specific fertilin α, fertilin β, ADAM3, and ADAM5 were detected during the coculture of PSG with Sertoli cells for up to 72 hr after plating. The presence of fertilin β mRNA and protein in cocultured PSG was visualized by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, respectively. These observations indicate that PSG in coculture with Sertoli cells provide a suitable approach for analyzing cell–cell adhesive responses involving spermatogenic cell‐specific ADAMs. Development Dynamics 458–467, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iterative decoding of convolutional codes applied to separate coded PPM
Authors: Harada Kohsuke , Oka Ikuo , Fujiwara Chikato 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSeparate coding can achieve better characteristics than Reed‐Solomon code in a binary vanishing channel when combined with convolutional code. Separate coding has the advantage that decoding is easy, since partial codes are decoded independently. In past decoding methods, however, decoded information other than the partial encoder under consideration is not utilized. When separate coding is applied to a PPM channel, the output of the partial encoder in question is completely correlated with the outputs of the other encoders. Thus, it should be possible to improve the error rate of the whole system by effectively utilizing the decoded information from other decoders. The purpose of this paper is to utilize the correlation between the outputs of the partial encoder in separate coding, and to propose an iterative decoding method based on the decoded information of multiple partial encoders. The improvement in the error rate, the comparative decoding complexity, and the external information to be used in iterative decoding are investigated. Computer simulations show that characteristics close to those of maximum likelihood decoding up to approximately 0.5 dB are achieved by the proposed decoding method while limiting the increase in decoding complexity due to the increase in the number of encoders. ©2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 78–90, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10027
Two‐dimensional resolution in the DOA finding of a single short pulse by the waveform reconstruction technique
Authors: Ishii Masanori , Iwasaki Takashi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractOne method of estimating the two‐dimensional direction of arrival of a single short pulse with a pulse width on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds is to compare the reconstructed waveform of the arriving wave by means of complex antenna coefficients. However, since the reconstructed wave generally depends on the plane of polarization, three dipole antennas are used for waveform reconstruction of only the vertical polarization component of the arriving wave, while the operation of the loop antenna is simulated over a wide frequency range from that for a loop antenna acting as an infinitesimal loop to a one‐wavelength resonant loop. However, the angular resolution of the direction of arrival determined by this method has not been sufficiently studied. In this paper, direction‐of‐arrival estimation from the arrival time difference among three dipole antennas, which is carried out rather easily, and waveform reconstruction comparison of the arriving wave are compared in terms of the resolution of the angle of arrival, by using a simulation based on the method of moments. The superiority of the waveform reconstruction method is verified. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 68–77, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10096
Estimation of the optimal frame rate for video communications under bit‐rate constraints
Authors: Inazumi Yasuhiro , Yoshida Toshiyuki , Sakai Yoshinori , Yuukou Horita 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe use of applications related to real‐time video communications is spreading. But it is becoming difficult to secure the bandwidth, because of the increase in the number of the users as well as the bandwidth requirements of each user. In this context, a transcoder that can recode the video data to a usable bit rate for transmission is needed. In order to maintain as high a quality of service as possible, as seen by the user, there must be a criterion for assessment of image quality, by which the amounts of video information in the space and time directions can be reduced with good balance. In the conventional transcoder, control is based mostly on the square error, but it is not always true that the square error can directly represent the video quality seen or subjectively perceived by the user (subjective assessment quality). Consequently, this paper proposes a method of estimating the frame rate (optimal frame rate) that maximizes the subjective assessment quality in the recoding of video data (original data) stored in a video server to a specified bit rate. In the proposed method, the mean opinion score (MOS) obtained by a large number of subjective assessment tests is approximated by a function containing a small number of parameters, and the parameters of the function are estimated on the basis of the features of the original image. By specifying the bit rate for the function, the optimal frame rate is determined by determining the maximum. Interval estimation of the optimal frame rate was performed by applying the proposed method to open data, and it was verified that the frame rate could be estimated with a mean error of approximately 4 frames/s. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 54–67, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10102
Carrier pulse transmission characteristics of squared butterworth spectrums
Authors: Ishida Noriaki 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper, with a view to narrowing the channel spacing, a new waveform transmission system based on a rectangular spectrum is proposed. As the transmitting waveform, the k‐th power n‐stage Butterworth (BW) characteristic, which best approximates the rectangular spectrum, is used. The receiving filter is a conventional m‐stage BW type. By selecting its 3‐dB bandwidth, optimization of the received waveform is attempted. It is shown that k = 2 is the most desirable from the viewpoint of C/N and interchannel interference. With regard to this squared BW spectrum, the eye opening rate and interchannel interference are computed. It is shown that the channel spacing can be reduced to half that in the present PDC if the squared BW is used. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 44–53, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10124
Multimode horn antenna with both high efficiency and low cross polarization
Authors: Hiroyuki Deguchi , Tsuji Mikio , Shigesawa Hiroshi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA design method for horn antennas in which high efficiency and low cross polarization can be realized at the same time is described. In the design, the excitation coefficients for the modes at the antenna aperture are derived in order to realize these characteristics. The antenna taper shape is determined by controlling multiple modes by optimization in order to obtain these coefficients on the horn aperture. The effectiveness of the design method is verified by measurements of the radiation patterns of the tested antenna in the X band and by numerical results. It is also confirmed that a high efficiency, exceeding 80%, and a low cross polarization of less than −30 dB can be obtained. It is demonstrated that a highly efficient horn antenna with a low cross polarization, not previously available, has been realized. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 36–43, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10127
Double‐loop antennas for a circularly polarized tilted beam
Authors: Hirose Kazuhide , Okazaki Satoshi , Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAn antenna consisting of two concentric loops is analyzed using the method of moments. The antenna radiates a circularly polarized (CP) beam tilted from the direction normal to the antenna plane (the axial direction). First, an antenna with two feeds is analyzed. The configuration parameters are optimized in such a way that the inner and outer loops radiate CP axial and conical beams, respectively. These two radiation beams are then combined to form a CP tilted beam. It is found that the tilt angle is 25°, where the axial ratio and gain are 0.6 and 10 dB, respectively. Next, the phase between the two feeds is varied. Calculations show that the beam azimuth direction varies in a range of 360°. Finally, an antenna with a single feed is analyzed. The antenna shows radiation characteristics comparable to those for the two feeds. Further calculation reveals that a VSWR of 1.0 is obtained for another single feed using electromagnetic coupling. The VSWR remains less than 2 in the frequency bandwidth (of 2.5%) for a 1‐dB gain‐drop criterion. Within this bandwidth, the axial ratio is less than 3 dB. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 12–20, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10132
Numerical simulations on beam and/or null forming performance of ESPAR antennas
Authors: Akiyama Akira , Gyoda Koichi , Ohira Takashi , Ando Makoto 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe radiation pattern of the ESPAR antenna is controlled by variable reactances loaded to its passive elements. In this paper, the effects of the number of elements and the variable range of the reactance value on the beam and null forming capability are studied by simulation using the method of moments. It is found that a beam with a directivity of more than 8 dBi and a null of less than −40 dBi can be scanned independently in all directions when the number of elements is more than 5 and the reactance value range is ±50 Ω. The reactance range of ±50 Ω is needed for simultaneous forming of a single beam of more than 5 dBi and a single null of less than −30 dBi, while ± 100 Ω is needed for simultaneous forming of a single beam of more than 5 dBi and multiple nulls of less than −15 dBi. The direction of the beam and null can be close as the number of elements is increased. The input impedance of the feed element is also studied and the standard return loss of a seven‐element antenna is found to be 15.8 dBi. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 1–11, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10141
Cellular search performance of a W‐CDMA cellular system using diversity
Authors: Imai Tetsuro , Mori Shinichi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBroadband DS‐CDMA (W‐CDMA) has been adopted as the wireless access scheme for the next‐generation mobile communication system IMT‐2000. Since the scheme is asynchronous between base stations, there must be functions for discrimination and synchronization timing detection of the spreading code (scrambling code). The three‐step cell search method is proposed as its realization. Various diversity methods have been used in mobile communication in order to improve communications quality. Performance improvement is also expected from the proposed scheme with the use of diversity. This paper considers the case in which (1) the transmit diversity (TSTD) and (2) the receiving antenna diversity are used in the three‐step cell search method. The performance is analyzed and the effectiveness of each diversity is investigated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 86(12): 91–104, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1182
A study on multilevel decision feedback viterbi equalizer to (1,7) code at the optical disk recorder
Authors: Itoi Satoshi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe examined an algorithm for a multilevel adaptive decision feedback (DF) Viterbi equalizer that combines PR(1,1), PR(1,2,1), PR(2,3,2), or PR(1,2,2,1) preequalization, RAM‐DFE (Decision Feedback Equalizer), and Viterbi decoding with the (1,7) code as an ideal recording code and equalization detection scheme in optical disk recorders and evaluated its performance by simulations. The results showed that the minimum bit length of 0.24 µm could be realized in current recording and playback systems by applying PR(1,2,2,1) and 7‐level decision feedback Viterbi equalization. We also verified that the proposed equalization decision scheme is also suited to recorded codes that are not DC free in order to improve the error rate reduction when a DC offset is generated and is effective in shortening the convergence time at low bit rates due to the fast recovery speed from burst errors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(7): 51–63, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10087
The effects of laser annealing ambient and the number of laser shots on the morphology of poly‐si films
Authors: Suga Katsuyuki , Chida Mitsuru , Hara Akito , Mishima Yasuyoshi , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe have examined the effects of the laser annealing ambient and the number of laser shots on the morphology and the grain size of excimer laser‐annealed poly‐Si films. In the case of a high oxygen partial pressure (> 10e−3Torr), the surface roughness increases with the number of laser shots. However, the surface roughness decreases as the number of laser shots increases at a low oxygen partial pressure (< 10e−3Torr). The grain size of poly‐Si decreases as the oxygen partial pressure decreases. A thin surface oxide film formed by laser irradiation is the cause of these phenomena. There is no saturation point regarding the surface roughness, even at an oxygen partial pressure of 10e−5Torr, so that it is important to control the oxygen in the laser annealing ambient and on silicon film surfaces in order to control poly‐Si TFT performance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(7): 42–50, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10098
Simultaneous measurement of permittivity and permeability of lossy sheet using flanged rectangular waveguide
Authors: Hayashi Yukinari , Mishima Gen , Hirayama Koichi , Hayashi Yoshio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe describe a method for simultaneously measuring the complex permittivity and the complex permeability of a lossy sheet that is inserted between two flanged rectangular waveguides. The equivalence principle of the electromagnetic fields is applied to the boundary surfaces between the sheet and the waveguides to derive the integral equations while taking the high‐order modes excited at the boundary surfaces into account. Then the method of moments is used in these equations to formulate the direct problem. Newton's method is applied to the inverse problem, and the convergence performance of the solution is examined. Furthermore, the reflection coefficients and the transmission coefficients are measured for some samples, and their complex permittivities and complex permeabilities are estimated from these coefficients. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(7): 32–41, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10104
A line structure component using a conducting polymer
Authors: Masuda Koichiro , Satoh Masaharu , Tohya Hirokazu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractElectromagnetic interference (EMI) of electronic equipment is becoming an increasingly important problem as circuits are operated at faster speeds and higher frequencies. Power supply decoupling is used as a way to trap the RF power generated by switching of LSI and circuits in the neighborhood of the source and suppress its propagation to the environment. However, the capacitors used in conventional decoupling devices cannot cover the entire bandwidth necessary with one device. Therefore, several types of capacitors are combined. Nevertheless, it is difficult to suppress frequencies exceeding several hundred megahertz. This paper discusses the fabrication and evaluation of a power supply decoupling device that can cover a wide frequency range with one device. The tested device emulates a shielded microstrip transmission line and has a configuration consisting of aluminum as the inner conductor, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as the dielectric substrate, and a conductive polymer as the outer conductor. Evaluation of the power transmission characteristics (S21) shows that the tested device is effective over a wide frequency range. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(7): 23–31, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10128