bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap: identifying factors impacting mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine booster response in people with HIV-1
Authors: Chammartin Frédérique , Griessbach Alexandra , Kusejko Katharina , Audigé Annette , Epp Selina , Stoeckle Marcel P. , Eichenberger Anna L. , Amstutz Alain , Schoenenberger Christof M. , Hasse Barbara , Braun Dominique L. , Rauch Andri , Trkola Alexandra , Briel Matthias , Bucher Heiner C. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Speich Benjamin , Abela Irene A. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, including HIV-specific parameters with the antibody response to a third dose of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine in people with HIV-1 (PWH).

Design:
Post hoc analysis of data collected during the observational extension of the COrona VaccinE tRiAL pLatform trial (COVERALL-2) nested into the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).

Methods:
Serological measurements were conducted on a total of 439 PWH who had received a third dose of either mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Antibody reactivity was assessed using the multifactorial ABCORA immunoassay that defines SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and predicts neutralization activity. The association between log transformed antibody reactivity and various baseline factors, including vaccine type, demographics, immune and viral status, smoking status, comorbidities, infection history, and co-medication with chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drugs, was investigated using a multivariable linear regression model.

Results:
Antibody response to third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was significantly lower among PWH with CD4+ cell count less than 350 cells/μl [ratio of means 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.95]. Having a detectable HIV-1 viral load at least 50 copies/ml and being on concurrent chemotherapy was associated with an overall lower humoral immune response (ratio of means 0.75; 95% CI 0.57–1.00 and 0.34; 95% CI 0.22–0.52, respectively).

Conclusion:
The study highlights the importance of optimal antiretroviral treatment for PWH, emphasizing the need for timely intervention to enhance the vaccine immunogenicity in this population. Moreover, it underscores the significance of sequential mRNA vaccination and provides important evidence for informing vaccine guidelines.
The Role of Adjuvant Therapy in Duodenal Adenocarcinoma and Intestinal Subtype Ampullary Carcinoma After Curative Resection
Authors: Finton Sarah , Bolm Louisa , Nebbia Martina , Petruch Natalie , Férnandez-Del Castillo Carlos , Qadan Motaz , Lillemoe Keith D. , Wellner Ulrich F. , Distler Marius , Zimmermann Carolin , Weitz Jürgen , Rückert Felix , Rahbari Nuh N. , Reissfelder Christoph , Nappo Gennaro , Keck Tobias , Zerbi Alessandro , Ferrone Cristina R. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To define the role of adjuvant therapy in duodenal adenocarcinoma (DAC) and intestinal subtype ampullary carcinoma (iAC).

Background:
DAC and iAC share a similar histologic differentiation but the benefit of adjuvant therapy remains unclear.

Methods:
Patients undergoing curative intent surgical resection for DAC and iAC between 2010 and 2021 at 5 high-volume centers were included. Patient baseline, perioperative, and long-term oncological outcomes were evaluated. Statistical testing was performed with SPSS 25 (IBM).

Results:
A total of 136 patients with DAC and 171 with iAC were identified. Patients with DAC had more advanced tumors than those with iAC. Median overall survival (OS) in patients with DAC was 101 months versus 155 months for patients with iAC (P = 0.098). DAC had a higher rate of local (14.1% vs 1.2%, P < 0.001) and systemic recurrence (30.4% vs 3.5%, P < 0.001). Adjuvant therapy failed to improve OS in all patients with DAC and iAC. For DAC, patients with perineural invasion, but not other negative prognostic factors, had improved OS rates with adjuvant therapy (72 vs 44 m, P = 0.044). Patients with iAC with N+ (190 vs 57 m, P = 0.003), T3-T4 (177 vs 59 m, P = 0.050), and perineural invasion (150 vs 59 m, P = 0.019) had improved OS rates with adjuvant therapy.

Conclusions:
While adjuvant therapy fails to improve OS in all patients with DAC and iAC in the current study, it improved OS in patients with DAC with perineural invasion and in patients with iAC with T3-T4 tumors, positive lymph nodes, and perineural invasion.
Psychroserpens ponticola sp. nov. and Marinomonas maritima sp. nov., isolated from seawater
Authors: Kristyanto Sylvia , Jung Jaejoon , Kim Jeong Min , Choi Byeong Jun , Han Dong Min , Lee Sung Chul , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: October 2023

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic non-motile and motile rod bacteria, strains MSW6T and RSW2T, were isolated from surface seawater. Strain MSW6T optimally grew at 20 °C, pH 7.0 and 3 % NaCl, while strain RSW2T optimally grew at 25 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and 2 % NaCl. Strain MSW6T possessed menaquinone-6 as the major respiratory quinone, and its major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipid identified in strain MSW6T was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). On the other hand, strain RSW2T had ubiquinone-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone, and its major fatty acids consisted of summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c) and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids identified in strain RSW2T were PE and phosphatidylglycerol. As the sole respiratory quinone, strain MSW6T possessed menaquinone-6, while strain RSW2T had ubiquinone-8. The DNA G+C contents of strains MSW6T and RSW2T were 31.9 and 43.4 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and core gene sequences showed that strain MSW6T formed a phylogenic lineage with

Psychroserpens mesophilus

KOPRI 13649T, while strain RSW2T formed a phylogenic lineage with

Marinomonas primoryensis

KMM 3633T. Strain MSW6T shared 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 80.7 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) ith

P. mesophilus

KOPRI 13649T, and strain RSW2T shared 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 93.1 % ANI with

M. primoryensis

KMM 3633T. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strains MSW6T and RSW2T represent novel species of the genera

Psychroserpens

and

Marinomonas

, respectively, for which the names Psychroserpens ponticola sp. nov. and Marinomonas maritima sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of P. ponticola is MSW6T (=KACC 22338T=JCM 35022T) and the type strain of M. maritima is RSW2T (=KACC 22716T=JCM 35550T).
Acute avoidance of hydrogen sulfide is modulated by external and internal states inC. elegans
Authors: Pu Longjun , Zhao Lina , Wang Jing , Henriksson Johan , Laurent Patrick , Chen Changchun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) can act as an energy source, a poison and a gasotransmitter in organisms. We used the robust locomotory responses to H2S inCaenorhabditis elegansto delineate the molecular mechanisms governing sensory and adaptive responses to H2S exposure. We found thatC. elegansexhibited transiently increased locomotory activity and turning behavior as a strategy to escape the noxious H2S stimulation. The behavioral responses to H2S were modulated by a complex network of signaling pathways, including cyclic GMP signaling in ciliated sensory neurons, calcineurin, nuclear hormone receptors, to the major starvation regulators such as insulin and TGF-β signaling. The response to H2S was substantially affected by the ambient O2levels and their prior experience in low O2environments, suggesting an intricate interplay between O2and H2S sensing mechanisms. Prolonged exposure to H2S robustly evoked H2S detoxification coupled with reduced locomotory response to the subsequent H2S challenges. Intriguingly, the expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis, includingftn-1andsmf-3, was substantially modified in exposure to H2S, implying that labile iron levels are affected by H2S. In support of this, iron supplement significantly bolstered the behavioral response to H2S. In addition, mitochondria, one of the central hubs for H2S metabolism, played a crucial role in adaptive responses to H2S. In summary, our study provides molecular insights into the mechanisms through whichC. elegansdetects, modulates, and adapts its response to H2S.
The impact of short-term forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers
Authors: Dirks Marlou L. , Jameson Tom S.O. , Andrews Rob C. , Dunlop Mandy V. , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Wall Benjamin T. , Stephens Francis B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms underpinning short-term muscle disuse atrophy remain to be elucidated, but perturbations in lipid metabolism may be involved. Specifically, positive muscle non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) balance has been implicated in the development of disuse-induced insulin and anabolic resistance. Our aim was to determine the impact of acipimox administration (i.e. pharmacologically lowering circulating NEFA availability) on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity during short-term disuse. Eighteen healthy individuals (age 22±1 years, BMI 24.0±0.6 kg·m-2) underwent 2 days of forearm cast immobilization with placebo (PLA;n=9, 5M/4F) or acipimox (ACI; 250 mg Olbetam;n=9, 4M/5F) ingestion four times daily. Before and after immobilization, whole-body glucose disposal rate (GDR), forearm glucose uptake (FGU, i.e. muscle insulin sensitivity), and amino acid kinetics were measured under fasting and hyperinsulinaemic-hyperaminoacidaemic-euglycaemic clamp conditions using arteriovenous forearm balance and intravenous L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine infusions. Immobilization did not affect GDR but decreased insulin-stimulated FGU in both groups, but to a greater degree in ACI (from 53±8 to 12±5 µmol·min-1) than in PLA (from 52±8 to 38±13 µmol·min-1;P<0.05). In ACI only, fasting arterialised NEFA concentrations were elevated to 1.3±0.1 mmol·L-1post-immobilization (P<0.05), and fasting forearm NEFA balance increased ∼4-fold (P=0.10). Forearm phenylalanine net balance tended to decrease following immobilization (P<0.10), driven by increases in phenylalanine rates of appearance (from 32±5 (fasting) and 21±4 (clamp) pre-immobilization to 53±8 and 31±4 post-immobilization;P<0.05) while rates of disappearance were unaffected and no effects of acipimox observed. Altogether, we show disuse-induced insulin resistance is accompanied by early signs of negative net muscle amino acid balance, which is driven by accelerated muscle amino acid efflux. Acutely elevated NEFA availability worsened muscle insulin resistance without affecting muscle amino acid kinetics, suggesting that disuse-associated increased muscle NEFA uptake may contribute to inactivity-induced insulin resistance but does not represent an early mechanism causing anabolic resistance.
FCGR2A-131H/H is under-represented amongst patients with primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Flewitt Edward W D , Charlesworth James E G , Patel Smita Y , Hargreaves Chantal E 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) act as modulators of the immune system and have previously been shown to play a role in immune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Thus far, their role in primary immunodeficiencies (PID), including common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID), has not been studied. In this paper we explored whether there is an association between the following single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CVID:FCGR2AH131R (rs1801274),FCGR2BI232T (rs1050501), andFCGR3AF158V (rs396991). We compared the genotypes of a cohort of 83 patients with PID, including 56 with CVID, against controls. We found a significant difference between our mixed PID cohort and controls at theFCGR2AH131R SNP (X2=7.884, p=0.019). There was not a significant difference at either of the other SNPs studied. Further, we examined the effect of FCGR SNPs on the incidence of the most common CVID complications within our cohort: anaemias, organ-specific autoimmunity, bronchiectasis, splenomegaly, granulomata, and cytopenias. We found no significant association between SNPs and the development of these complications. In summary, we have shown that there is a link between theFCGR2AH131R SNP and the development of a PID.
ChatGPT achieves comparable accuracy to specialist physicians in predicting the efficacy of high-flow oxygen therapy
Authors: Liu Taotao , Duan Yaocong , Li Yanchun , Hu Yingying , Su Lingling , Zhang Aiping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRationaleThe failure of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy can necessitate endotracheal intubation in patients. Timely prediction of the endotracheal intubation risk due to HFNC failure is critical for avoiding delays in intubation, therefore potentially decreasing mortality.ObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy of ChatGPT in predicting the risk of endotracheal intubation within 48 hours after HFNC therapy and compare it with the predictive accuracy of specialist and non-specialist physicians.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study based on the data of 71 adult patients who received HFNC therapy. We recorded patient baseline data, the results of blood gas analysis, and physiological parameters after 6-hour HFNC therapy. For each patient, this information was used to create a 6-alternative-forced-choice natural language questionnaire that asked participants to predict the risk of 48-hour endotracheal intubation using graded options from 1 to 6, with higher scores indicating a higher risk. GPT-3.5, GPT-4.0, respiratory and critical care specialist physicians and non-specialist physicians completed the same 71 questionnaires respectively. We then determined the optimal diagnostic cutoff point for each of them, as well as 6-hour ROX index, using the Youden index and compared their predictive performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsThe optimal diagnostic cut-off points for GPT-4.0 and specialist physicians were determined to be ≥4. The precision of GPT-4.0 was 76.1% [specificity=78.6% (95%CI=52.4-92.4%); sensitivity=75.4% (95%CI=62.9-84.8%)]. The precision of specialist physicians was 80.3% [specificity=71.4% (95%CI=45.4-88.3%); sensitivity=82.5% (95%CI=70.6-90.2%)]. The optimal diagnostic cut-off points for GPT-3.5 and non-specialist physicians were determined to be ≥5, with precisions of 73.2% and 64.8% respectively. The area under the ROC (AUROC) of GPT-4.0 was 0.821 (95%CI=0.698-0.943), which was greater than, but not significantly (p>0.05) different from the AUROCs of GPT-3.5 [0.775 (95%CI=0.652-0.898)] and specialist physicians [0.782 (95%CI=0.619-0.945)], while was significantly higher than that of non-specialist physicians [0.662 (95%CI=0.518-0.805), P=0.011]. Grouping the patients by GPT-4.0’s prediction value ≥4 (high-risk group) and ≤3 (low-risk group), the 28-day cumulative intubation rate (56.00% vs. 15.22%, P<0.001) and 28-day mortality (44.00% vs. 10.87%, P<0.001) of the high-risk group were significantly higher than those of the low-risk group.ConclusionGPT-4.0 achieves an accuracy level comparable to specialist physicians in predicting the 48-hour endotracheal intubation risk in patients after HFNC therapy, based on patient baseline data and 6-hour parameters of receiving HFNC therapy. Large-scale studies are needed to further inspect whether GPT-4.0 can provide reliable clinical decision support.
Subtyping Schizophrenia Using Psychiatric Polygenic Scores
Authors: Lu Yi , Kowalec Kaarina , Song Jie , Karlsson Robert , Harder Arvid , Giusti-Rodríguez Paola , Sullivan Patrick F. , Yao Shuyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubtyping schizophrenia can disentangle heterogeneity and help with treatment decision- making. However, current schizophrenia subtypes have not demonstrated adequate clinical utility, limited by sample size, suboptimal clustering methods, and choice of clustering input. Polygenic scores (PGS) reflect the genetic risk of phenotypes including comorbidities and are available before treatment, making them candidate clustering input.MethodsWe derived PGS for schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder type-1, depression, and intelligence in 4,915 schizophrenia cases with register linkage. We randomly divided the sample into discovery and replication partitions and applied a novel clustering workflow on both: preprocessing PGS, feature extraction with uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), and clustering with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). After replication, we re-performed clustering on the entire sample and evaluated treatment-relevant variables of medication and hospitalization (extracted from registers) across clusters.OutcomesWe identified five well-replicated PGS clusters. Cluster 1 (26% of entire sample) with generally lower PGS, had the least use of antipsychotics (including clozapine), and fewer outpatient visits. Cluster 2 (48%) with generally higher PGS, especially schizophrenia PGS, had more prescriptions of antipsychotics including clozapine and longer treatment with clozapine. Each featured by specific PGS, clusters 3 (high IQ-PGS, 11%), 4 (high ASD-PGS, 8%), 5 (high BIP-PGS, 7%) showed sub-threshold level significance in the corresponding phenotypic measures but did not differ significantly in the treatment-relevant variables. Solely categorizing the patients with SCZ-PGS did not generate any significant patterns in the phenotypic and treatment-relevant variables.InterpretationThe results suggest that combinations of PGS of brain disorders and traits can provide clinically relevant clusters, offering a direction for future research on schizophrenia subtyping. Future replications in independent samples are required. The workflow can be generalized to other disorders and with mechanism-informed PGS.
ENOX1, CCDC122ANDLACC1ROLE IN PROGRESSION OF PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Ongaba Timothy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) continues to trend among top 3 cancers that kill men over 20 years in the United Kingdom and worldwide despite extensive research and resources directed towards its treatment and prevention. In the application of a hallmark of survival mechanisms by the cancer, our study used mRNA seq data to identify genes that are increasingly mutated with progressing PCa from a cohort of 491 PCa patients. We found thatENOX1, CCDC122andLACC1deep deletion was positively associated with increasing age of diagnosis. Pathway analysis of enriched genes, following their deep deletion identified estrogen biosynthesis, KSRP signalling, omega 3 and 6 fatty acid biosynthesis and, Rap1 signalling as the top 5 enriched pathways. Previous individual and combined role of these genes in PCa progression was not fully established but thanks to this study, these pathways could be druggable targets in PCa patients with these gene deep deletions.
THE IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME OF DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION IN HIGH RISK OR PREDIABETES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Ningsih Oliva Suyen , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo , Efendy Ferry 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundEffective lifestyle intervention can lower Type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-risk or prediabetic people through diabetes mellitus prevention programmes. The aim of this review of the research is to provide an explanation of how diabetes prevention programmes (DPP) are implemented in high-risk people or those with prediabetes using a variety of DPP methods and results.MethodThe method used is a literature review by searching for relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English in three databases: Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL. Studies assessing the use of diabetes mellitus preventive programmes in high-risk people or people with prediabetes were the inclusion criteria for this review. Individuals with prediabetes or high risk were among the subjects. The main result is the outcome of the DPP. Literature search is limited to publications in 2018–2023 and open access.Result18 articles in all were reviewed.The main focus of DPP-based lifestyle interventions is dietary and physical activity. Health education and behaviour change strategies are also included in lifestyle interventions. The implementation of nutrition or dietary interventions can be provided face-to-face on a group-based basis for an average of 6–12 months and online through intensive interventions with weekly online modules through web-based platforms, text messaging, and digital therapy. The implementation of diet and physical activity interventions needs support from families or groups to be able to make healthy behaviour changes, one of which is peer support. The short-term effects of DPP are decreased waist circumference, plasma glucose levels, increased knowledge, diet, and physical activity. The long-term consequences of DPP include weight loss with a lowered risk of developing diabetes, modifications to lipid profiles, enhanced pancreatic cell function, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased body fat mass, and HbA1C.ConclusionDiabetes mellitus prevention programme through effective lifestyle interventions to slow the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in prediabetic individuals
Comparison of polystyrene and hydrogel microcarriers for optical imaging of adherent cells
Authors: Benavides Oscar R. , White Berkley P. , Gibbs Holly C. , Kaunas Roland , Gregory Carl A. , Maitland Kristen C. , Walsh Alex J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ability to observe and monitor cell density and morphology has been imperative for assessing the health of a cell culture and for producing high quality, high yield cell cultures for decades. Microcarrier-based cultures, used for large-scale cellular expansion processes, are not compatible with traditional visualization-based methods such as widefield microscopy due to their thickness and material composition. Light-sheet tomography using label-free elastic scattering contrast from planar side illumination can achieve optical sectioning of thick samples, permitting non-invasive and non-destructive,in toto,three-dimensional, high-resolution visualization of cells cultured on microcarriers. Here, we assess the optical imaging capabilities of commercial polystyrene microcarriers versus custom-fabricated gelatin methacrylate (gelMA) microcarriers for non-destructive and non-invasive visualization of the entire microcarrier surface, direct cell enumeration, and sub-cellular visualization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). The polystyrene microcarrier prevents visualization of cells on the distal half of the microcarrier using either fluorescence or elastic scattering contrast, whereas the gelMA microcarrier allows high fidelity visualization of cell morphology and quantification of cell density using light sheet fluorescence microscopy and tomography. The combination of optical-quality gelMA microcarriers and label-free light-sheet tomography will facilitate enhanced control of bioreactor-microcarrier cell culture processes.