bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of tumorigenic role of PPIA in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Jichao , Wang Yanjun , Zhao Zhiwei , Ge Yanhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence rate and mortality. Due to the lack of effective diagnostic indicators, most patients are diagnosed in late stage and have a poor prognosis. An increasing number of studies have proved that Peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) can play an oncogene role in various cancer types. However, the precise mechanism of PPIA in GC is still unclear. Herein, we analyzed the mRNA levels of PPIA in pan-cancer. The prognostic value of PPIA on GC was also evaluated using multiple databases. Additionally, the relationship between PPIA expression and clinical factors in GC was also examined. We further confirmed that PPIA expression was not affected by genetic alteration and DNA methylation. Moreover, the upstream regulator miRNA and lncRNA of PPIA were identified, which suggested that LINC10232/miRNA-204-5p/PPIA axis might act as a potential biological pathway in GC. Finally, this study revealed that PPIA was negatively correlated with immune checkpoint expression, immune cell biomarkers, and immune cell infiltration in GC.
Alumina and glass-bead blasting effect on bond strength of zirconia using 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing self-adhesive resin cement and primers
Authors: Abdou Ahmed , Hussein Nasser , Kusumasari Citra , Abo-Alazm Emad A. , Rizk Amr 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn fact, bonding of zirconia restorations is still a big challenge in clinical situations and many bonding protocols discussed in literature might be still controversial. The aim of this was to study assess the bond strength of zirconia after alumina and glass-bead pre-treatments with two different primers in combination with conventional resin cement and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing self-adhesive resin cement without priming. Fully sintered high translucent zirconia samples (n = 160) were assigned into 2 groups of pre-treatments (n  = 80): Alumina-sandblasting (AB) and Glass-bead (GB). Then, each group was divided into 4 sub-groups according to priming and cement used (n  = 20 each): conventional self-adhesive resin cement, MDP-silane Primer, MDP primer both with conventional self-adhesive resin cement, and MDP contained cement. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after thermocycling. Failure mode was analyzed using stereomicroscope. Contact angle and surface topography were investigated using other fully sintered samples (n  = 30) constructed for that sole purpose, divided into control (no pre-treatment [unmodified], alumina-, and glass-bead sandblasted groups). Two-way ANOVA was performed for SBS and failure mode was analyzed. The use of Alumina-sandblasting showed higher SBS compared to Glass-bead pre-treatment for MDP-silane primer (p = 0.034) and MDP primer (p < 0.001). While MDP contained cement showed higher but insignificant SBS when pre-treated with glass-beads. Alumina-sandblasting and glass-bead pre-treatments improve bond strength of zirconia combined using primers before cementation with conventional resin cement. Also, self-adhesive MDP contained cement along with surface pre-treatment showed the highest achievable bond strength. It was concluded that both alumina-sandblasting and glass-bead blasting improved SBS combined with MDP containing self-adhesive resin cement reducing the required clinical steps during cementation of zirconia restorations.
Economic burden and financial vulnerability of injuries among the elderly in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Hai Minh , Vu Linh Gia , Tran Tung Hoang , Boyer Laurent , Auquier Pascal , Fond Guillaume , Nguyen Tham Thi , Le Linh Khanh , Do Hoa Thi , Do Huyen Phuc , Nghiem Son , Latkin Carl A. , Ho Roger C. M. , Ho Cyrus S. H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFalls are a leading cause of death among elderly people. However, research on the cost of fall-related injuries is limited in Vietnam. We estimated treatment costs and associated factors among 405 elderly patients in Thai Binh hospitals. Costs were estimated through self-reported data on medical and non-medical expenses. Logistic regression and GLM were used to identify payment and affordability factors. Inpatient and outpatient care costs for fall-related injuries were US$98.06 and US$8.53, respectively. 11.85% of participants couldn’t pay for treatment. Payment ability and cost decline were linked to family income, medical history, and hospital stay length. Elderly with fall-related injuries in Vietnam experienced high costs and severe health issues. Primary healthcare services and communication campaigns should be strengthened to reduce disease burden and develop effective fall injury prevention strategies.
A retrospective study of ductoscopy combined with immediate methylene blue staining in nipple discharge diseases
Authors: Yang Wen-shi , Zhang Yan , Wang Hong-ling , Zhang Feng-feng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) combined with methylene blue staining immediately after FDS procedure on pathological nipple discharge diseases. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 122 patients with nipple discharge, who underwent FDS and surgical treatment at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, was conducted. The demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes of all patients were assessed. According to the injection time of methylene blue, the patients were divided into the control and the observational groups. In the observational group, methylene blue was injected immediately after ductoscopy and then surgical treatment was performed 12–24 h later, while in the control group, methylene blue injection was just few minutes before surgery treatment. There was no significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups such as age and disease course, in the observational group, the incision length 2.39 (0.48) cm, the volume of resected tissue 41.93 (40.57) cm3, the intraoperative blood loss 12.19 (2.10) ml and the operation duration 26.95 (4.51) min were significantly lower than those of the traditional group (P < 0.05). The average hospital stay 3.08 (0.62) days, breast shape satisfaction 4.78 (1.63) points and postoperative drainage tube placement [3 (5.08%) days] in the observational group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). FDS combined with immediate methylene blue staining, which has the advantages of accurate location of the diseased duct, small surgical incision, less tissue removal, and ease of finding the orifice of discharged mammary duct, and is worthy of widespread clinical application.
Room for Improvement
Authors: Kaleck Wolfgang , Schüller Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Twenty years after the entry into force of the German Code of Crimes Against International Law, it is time for a critical assessment of its implementation and impact in practice. While a number of trials have been conducted and a certain prosecutorial practice has been established during the last decade, the law and practice nevertheless leave room for some criticism. This article addresses some of the criticism from the perspective of an NGO with experience in several international crimes cases, and deals with substantive and procedural law, as well as the issue of political case selection and the failure to prosecute corporate involvement in crimes under international law.
Gallstone as a cause of intestinal obstruction (Bouveret syndrome)
Authors: Monteiro Emerson Leonardo , Schmid Johannes , Mischinger Hans Jörg , Sucher Robert , Kornprat Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gallstone ileus is a rare cause of bowel obstruction. Here we report about two cases with clinical findings and therapy options. Both patients were presented with typical ileus-like symptoms, although the surgical treatment differs due to the CT scan and intraoperative findings. There are many methods for treating patients with Bouveret syndrome. Endoscopy should be the first treatment option for young patients with no significant diseases in the medical history, depending on the size of the stone. Surgical approach is the next possible option. Combination of these two methods is associated with higher mortality. In case there is no extraluminal gas or intraperitoneal fluid in CT-scan, there is no need for an acute surgery. Conservative therapy prior to the intervention enables a precise planning of whether the endoscopic approach or open surgery would be beneficial for the patient.
Comparison of Blood-Based Shotgun and Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing for Microbiological Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Flurin Laure , Fisher Cody R , Wolf Matthew J , Pritt Bobbi S , DeSimone Daniel C , Patel Robin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Shotgun and targeted metagenomic sequencing have been shown in separate studies to be potentially useful for culture-free pathogen identification in blood and/or plasma of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). However, the 2 approaches have not been directly compared. The aim of this study was to compare shotgun metagenomic sequencing with targeted metagenomic sequencing (tMGS) for organism identification in blood or plasma of patients with IE.

Methods
Patients with possible or definite IE were prospectively enrolled from October 2020 to July 2021. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed with the Karius test, which uses microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) sequencing to detect, identify, and quantitate DNA-based pathogens in plasma. tMGS was performed using a 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the V1 to V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Results were compared using the McNemar test of paired proportions.

Results
Samples from 34 patients were investigated. The Karius test was positive in 24/34 (71%), including 3/6 (50%) with blood culture–negative endocarditis (BCNE), which was not significantly different from the positivity rate of tMGS (P = .41). Results of the Karius test were concordant with tMGS in 75% of cases. The Karius test detected 2 cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among the 7 S. aureus detections, in accordance with results of phenotypic susceptibility testing. The combination of blood cultures, the Karius test, and tMGS found a potential causative pathogen in 33/34 (97%), including 5/6 with BCNE.

Conclusions
The Karius test and tMGS yielded comparable detection rates; however, beyond organism identification, the Karius test generated potentially useful antibiotic resistance data.
Substance Abuse
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSubstance use and abuse are both prevalent throughout the world. Among the substances that may abused are alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, sedatives, cocaine, amphetamines, and marijuana. Any adult may legally purchase some substances, whereas others are illegal for most people or are available only by prescription. Although mild or moderate substance use may be harmless and even beneficial to one’s health, substance abuse presents a host of health and safety concerns for individuals and society at large (it is associated with crime and traffic accidents, for example). Human services practitioners must be able to assess clients for substance-use disorders and have knowledge of their available treatments. These treatments include psychoeducational interventions, which are especially relevant for those substance abusers who are reluctant to engage in traditional therapies. Alcohol-related disorders are the primary focus of this chapter, although other substances will be addressed as well.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that afflicts (mostly) older adults. Formally termed Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type, it is characterized by cognitive deficits that result from an atrophy (wasting away) of tissue in several areas of the brain (Cummings & Cole, 2002). Memory impairment is always required to make a diagnosis of dementia. Other prominent symptoms may include aphasia (loss of the ability to use words appropriately), apraxia (loss of the ability to use common objects correctly), agnosia (loss of the ability to understand sound and visual input), and the loss of executive functioning (the inability to plan, organize, follow sequences, and think abstractly). A physician is required to diagnose this disorder because identifiable medical conditions that may cause the symptoms must be ruled out.
Bereavement
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis ending chapter of the book will cover an endings topic. Bereavement is the state of having lost a close friend or relative to death. It is a universal experience, a process that affects more people than any other subject in this book. Ten million people are bereaved each year in the United States (Hansson & Stroebe, 2007). Five percent of children lose one or both parents before age fifteen, and by age sixty-five more than half of women have been widowed at least once. Although bereavement is a normal process, psychoeducation can help survivors to make constructive life adjustments.
Social factors affecting the health of the elderly
Authors: Gore M S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The awareness that social factors affect the health of individuals has probably always been there. Every medical practitioner is generally aware that his poorer patients cannot afford the medicines he prescribes for them, that workers who work in coal mines or stone quarries tend to develop certain types of diseases special to their type of work, that the health of people living in slums and generally poor environments suffers because of unclean and insanitary conditions in which they live, and that epidemics often leave the poorer segments of a city or town more devastated than others. What is probably new is our awareness that not only physical and economic but even psychological and social factors affect the well-being of persons.
Occupational health and international agencies
Authors: Rantanen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are half a dozen international agencies which carry out occupational health activities as special programmes, or other activities which are closely related to or have an impact on occupational health. Two United Nations special organizations, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organisation (ILO), have adopted occupational health activities as essential parts of their general programmes since their foundation. Others, such as United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and, for example, the tripartite programme of WHO, ILO, and UNEP, the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), have several activities which are relevant to occupational health.
Pesticides
Authors: Hogstedt C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The FAO (1986) defines a pesticide as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport, or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products, or animal feedstuffs, or which may be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids, or other pests in or on their bodies. The Council of Europe (1984) has stated that pesticides should include, amongst other items, insecticides and acaricides, insect and mite repellents, nematicides, rodenticides, molluscicides, bird and wildlife repellents, fungicides, bactericides, herbicides, defoliants, haulm killers (desiccants), and growth-regulators.
Cat-Scratch Disease
Authors: Drancourt Michel , Raoult Didier 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aetiology of cat-scratch disease remains controversial since two bacterial species, Afipia felis and Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae, have been isolated from diseased lymph nodes. Most recent reports, however, demonstrated that B. henselae is regularly detected and isolated from such adenopathies, and that the sera of patients with a definitely diagnosed cat-scratch disease exhibit significant titres of anti- Bartonella henselae antibodies, but no antibodies against Afipia felis. Also, B. henselae was isolated from the reservoir (healthy domestic cats), but not A. felis. The precise role of the latter bacterial species remain to be clarified. Both are fastidious, facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacteria. B. henselae, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella elizabethae cause endocarditis and Bartonella bacilliformis causes septicaemia (Oroya’s fever) in non-immuno- compromised hosts; B. henselae and B. quintana cause fever, bacteraemia, bacillary angiomatosis, and visceral peliosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. We also recently isolated B quintana from a cat-owner with chronic adenopathy.
Ehrlichiosis
Authors: Ewing S A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ehrlichiosis was recognized as a zoonotic disease in the Ozark Plateau of North America in the late 1980s. Earliest cases were assumed to have resulted from Ehrlichia canis infections, but this well-known pathogen of canine agranulocytes was later shown to cross-react with E. chaffeensis, a newly described organism and putative cause of what became known as human (predominantly monocytic) ehrlichiosis. Somewhat later a ‘granulocytic ehrlichiosis’ was recognized in human beings, first in north-central North America (Minnesota and Wisconsin) and later elsewhere; and the causative agent is thought to be identical to a long- recognized Old World ruminant pathogen, E. phagocy- tophila, which, itself, may be identical to E. equi, a granulocytotropic agent first described from horses in California. Evidence assembled to date suggests that ixodid ticks transmit both types of human ehrlichiosis.
Listeriosis
Authors: McLauchlin J , Mee-Marquct N Van der 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Listeriosis occurs in a variety of animals, including humans, and most often affects the pregnant uterus, the central nervous system, or the bloodstream. During pregnancy, infection spreads to the fetus, which will either be born severely ill or die in utero. In nonpregnant individuals, listeriosis usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis, or septicaemia in the immunocompromised and elderly. Infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics, but 20-40 per cent of human cases are fatal.
Pasteurellosis
Authors: Barrett Nicola J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Pasteurellosis’ (also known in animals as shipping fever or pneumonia, transport or transit fever, stock- yard pneumonia, bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, or avian, bird or fowl cholera), embraces a multitude of diseases caused by different Pasteurella species in animals and humans. Disease in animals usually occurs as a consequence of stress such as overcrowding, chilling, transportation, or as a result of a concurrent infection. Human infections occur after bites, scratches, or licks from infected animals. Infection may be prevented through the avoidance of animal bites and the prompt hygienic care of wounds.
Salmonellosis
Authors: Humphrey T J , Threlfall E J , Cruickshank and. J G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over 2000 food poisoning serotypes of salmonella (bacterium) exist and the prevalence of individual serotypes constantly changes. Host-adapted strains may cause serious illness (e.g. 5. dublin in cattle, 5. pulorum in chickens), but most human food poisoning salmonellas do not cause clinical signs in animals. The main reservoirs for human infection are poultry, cattle, sheep, and pigs. Infection in animals is maintained by recycling slaughterhouse waste as animal feed, faecal- oral spread, and faecal contamination of hatching eggs. Transmission occurs when organisms, introduced into the kitchen in, for example, poultry carcasses, meat, or unpasteurized milk, multiply in food due to inadequate cooking, cross-contamination of cooked foods, and inadequate storage. Person to person spread is common in institutions such as hospitals.
Marburg And Ebola Viruses
Authors: Lloyd G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marburg and Ebola viruses cause severe and often fatal haemorrhagic disease in humans and non-human primates. They are the two established members of the family Filoviridae and have a distinctive filamentous and irregular morphology with a genome consisting of a very large (about 19 kb) single-stranded RNA of negative polarity. Features of their organization and structure at the molecular level have led to their inclusion in the taxonomic order Mononegavirales, together with the paramyxoviruses and the rhabdoviruses.
Yellow Fever
Authors: Monath Thomas P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yellow fever is an acute mosquito-bome flavivirus infection characterized in its full-blown form by fever, jaundice, albuminuria, and haemorrhage. Two forms are distinguished: urban yellow fever in which the virus is spread from person to person by peridomestic Aedes aegypti mosquitos and jungle (sylvan) yellow fever transmitted by tree-hole breeding mosquitoes between non- human primates and sometimes humans. Yellow fever is endemic and epidemic in tropical areas of the Americas and Africa but has never appeared in Asia or the Pacific region. Control is through vector control, prevention of mosquito bites, and yellow fever vaccination.
The Leishmaniases
Authors: Ashford R W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The leishmaniases are a complex group of diseases ranging from the simple cutaneous lesions of oriental sore which self-cure, to the potentially fatal visceral leishmaniasis known as kala-azar and grossly disfiguring espundia which may erode the mucous membranes, destroying much of the patient’s face. Although all the parasites have similar life cycles and are difficult to distinguish morphologically, they belong to more than 20 species, each with its own distinctive ecological requirements, vector, and reservoir hosts. More than 100 countries are affected and the 400 000 cases reported annually are a small proportion of those occurring.
Giardia Infections
Authors: Thompson R C A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Giardia infection is an intestinal disease of humans and other vertebrates caused by infection with the flagellate protozoan Giardia. It is the most common pathogenic intestinal parasite of humans and has a worldwide distribution including both temperate and tropical regions. It is a cause of both sporadic outbreaks of disease and epidemics (Lederberg et al. 1992).
Toxoplasmosis, Sarcocystosis, Isosporosis, And Cyclosporosis
Authors: Dubey J P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Toxoplasniosis is a protozoan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii It is widely prevalent in humans and animals throughout the world, especially in the western hemisphere. Virtually all warm-blooded animals can act as intermediate hosts but the life cycle is completed only in cats, the definitive host. Cats excrete the resistant stage of T. gondii (oocysts) in faeces, and oocysts can survive in the environment for months. Humans become infected congenitally, by ingesting undercooked infected meat, or by ingesting food and water contaminated with oocysts from cat faeces. It can cause mental retardation and loss of vision in congenitally infected children and deaths in immunosuppressed patients, especially those with AIDS. There is no vaccine to control toxoplasmosis in humans at the present time butone is available for sheep.