bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleovegetation of marine isotope stages 4 and 3 in Northern New Zealand and the age of the widespread Rotoehu tephra
Authors: Shane Phil , Sandiford Anna 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPaleolake sediment, constrained by tephrochronology, from Onepoto basin volcanic crater in Auckland, Northern New Zealand (36° 48′S), provides one of the few uninterrupted records of paleovegetation for marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 4 and 3 (76,000–26,000 yr B.P.) in the region. This period was characterized by cool temperate conifer-hardwood forest that lacked some of the warmer taxa typical of the Holocene. The period 64,400–60,500 yr B.P. was marked by opening of forest canopy and expansion of small trees and shrubs, and correlates to the thermal minima of MIS 4. However, the landscape was never as open as the forest-shrubland mosaic of the MIS 2. The beginning of MIS 3 (60,500–50,500 yr B.P.) was marked by the dramatic expansion and then decline of conifer-hardwood forest dominated by Dacrydium cupressinum, a species that prefers wetter conditions. This forest was succeeded by the typically montane Nothofagus at 50,500 yr B.P., corresponding to a thermal decline. Thus, MIS 3 began with an abrupt change to moist cool conditions that lasted about 5000 yr, followed by gradual cooling and dryer conditions. This supports some interpretations from other parts of the southwest Pacific region, that MIS 3 was a period of increased precipitation. The widespread and stratigraphically important Rotoehu tephra, erupted from Okataina Volcanic Centre, has been variously dated at 45,000–65,000 yr B.P. At Onepoto, sedimentation rate and paleovegetation reconstruction imply an age of c. 44,300 yr B.P. The tephra provides a correlation horizon in the marine and terrestrial realms during a period (MIS 3) difficult to date by radiometric methods.
Correlation of healing capacity with vascular response in the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments of the rabbit
Authors: Bray Robert C. , Leonard Catherine A. , Salo Paul T. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn clinical terms, functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is generally poorer than after medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury. In experimental studies of injury, the early phases of ligament healing require an augmented blood supply. We hypothesized that the differences in healing properties of the ACL and MCL would be reflected in the magnitude of their vascular responses to partial injury. This study is the first to quantify and define the time course of changes in blood flow and vascular volume following hemisection of the rabbit ACL and MCL.Adult female rabbits were assigned to control, sham operation, ACL hemisection or MCL hemisection groups. Standardized ACL or MCL injuries were surgically induced. About 2, 6 or 16 weeks later, blood flow and vascular volume of the ACL and MCL were measured.The MCL of the rabbit responded to hemisection with a large significant increase in blood flow and a substantial angiogenic response associated with inflammation and scar formation. During subsequent matrix remodelling, blood flow and vascular volume returned towards control values. In contrast, the ACL showed only a 2‐fold increase in vascular volume, no increase in blood flow and atrophied after hemisection. The superior capacity of the MCL to increase its blood supply through angiogenesis and increased flow is essential for ligament healing to occur, and may be the major difference in healing potential between the ACL and MCL. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Process of Suicide: Perspective of the Suicide Attempter
Authors: Chesley Karen , Loring-McNulty Nancy E. 
Published: April 2003

BACKGROUND: Little has been studied regarding the concept of suicide as a process and how it is perceived by the suicide attempter in the wake of suicidal behavior. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of the study were to increase understanding of the subjective experience of the suicidal individual and to identify factors that contribute to survival following a suicide attempt. Study Design: An investigator-designed survey was used in this retrospective descriptive study. RESULTS: Feelings of sadness, depression, disappointment, and emptiness were the emotions most often experienced by participants in the period immediately following their suicide attempts. By contrast, respondents later felt glad or grateful they had survived. Treatment with a health care professional was mentioned most often as preventing current suicidal behavior and also identified as the most frequent coping strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Participants were able to develop effective coping strategies and find meaning in life following suicide attempts.
Interobserver reliability of diagnosis in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: van de Vusse Anton C , den Berg Suzanne G.M Stomp‐van , de Vet Henrica C.W , Weber Wilhelm E.J 
Published: April 2003

AbstractComplex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS‐I), formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is a chronic pain syndrome of unknown aetiology. Its diagnosis is a clinical one, for which several criteria systems have been defined. Despite their widespread use, the reliability of these criteria has never been studied. In this interobserver study 25 chronic CRPS patients were interviewed and examined by six physicians. Through structured questionnaires signs, symptoms, and diagnosis were recorded, after which observer agreement for these was calculated with κ statistics. Physicians’ agreement in assessment of signs and symptoms in CRPS patients varied greatly. More importantly, final diagnosis of CRPS showed poor observer agreement (κ: 0.20). The κ values were higher, had physicians applied IASP criteria, but still insufficient. The application of Bruehl's criteria results in a fair κ of 0.38, but then frequency of CRPS diagnosis in our study population decreased from 73% to 43% in comparison with physicians’ own diagnosis. We conclude that, using current criteria systems, the diagnosis of CRPS is not reliable.
Segmental and plurisegmental modulation of pressure pain thresholds during static muscle contractions in healthy individuals
Authors: Kosek Eva , Lundberg Lena 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess possible segmental (uni‐ and/or bilateral) and plurisegmental changes in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) during static muscle contractions. Twenty‐four healthy subjects (12 female, 12 male) performed a standardised isometric contraction with the dominant m. quadriceps femoris (MQF) and m. infraspinatus (MI), respectively. PPTs were assessed using pressure algometry at the contracting muscle, at the contralateral (resting) muscle and at a distant resting muscle (MI during contraction of MQF and vice versa). The PPT assessments were performed before, during and 30 min. following each contraction. The contractions were held until exhaustion or for a maximum of 10 PPT assessments/muscle. During contraction of MQF PPTs increased compared to baseline at the middle (p<0.001) and the end (p<0.001) of the contraction period at all assessed sites alike. During contraction of MI PPTs increased compared to baseline at the middle (p<0.001) and the end (p<0.007) of the contraction period at all sites. The increase was more pronounced at the contracting muscle compared to the contralateral (p<0.002;p<0.01) and the distant (p<0.002;p<0.002) site. No statistically significant difference was seen in PPTs between the latter two. Following the contractions PPTs returned to baseline. Submaximal isometric contraction of MQF and MI gave rise to a statistically significant increase in PPTs at the contracting muscle, the resting homologous contralateral muscle and at the distant resting muscle indicating that generalised pain inhibitory mechanisms were activated. Contraction of MI, but not of MQF, gave rise to an additional activation of unilateral segmental antinociceptive effects.
Somatosensory perception in patients suffering from long‐term trapezius myalgia at the site overlying the most painful part of the muscle and in an area of pain referral
Authors: Leffler Ann‐Sofie , Hansson Per , Kosek Eva 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn subgroups of patients with localised musculoskeletal pain spread of pain and signs of altered somatosensory processing at painful sites, both focal and referred areas have been reported. The purpose of the study was to examine somatosensory processing in patients with mainly unilateral long‐term (≥1 year) trapezius myalgia with ongoing pain for the last 3 months in the trapezius muscle in conjunction with ongoing or recurrent referral of pain to the ipsilateral arm. Ten patients with trapezius myalgia and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls participated. Pressure pain sensitivity, low threshold mechanoreceptive function and thermal sensitivity, including thermal pain, were assessed at the site overlying the most painful part of the trapezius muscle and in an area of pain referral in the ipsilateral upper arm/forearm as well as in the corresponding contralateral areas. No significant difference in sensibility was found in the most affected trapezius muscle and contralaterally compared to the corresponding areas in controls. In the area of pain referral there was a significantly increased sensitivity to pressure pain compared to the homologous contralateral area (p<0.01) as well as to the corresponding area in controls (p<0.009). Compared to controls a bilaterally decreased sensitivity to light touch was found in patients in the area of referred pain (p<0.01). No differences were found in the outcome of thermal testing. These findings suggest altered central processing of somatosensory input from the area of referred pain in patients with trapezius myalgia.
Reconstructing the temporal ordering of biological samples
using microarray data
Authors: Magwene Paul M. , Lizardi Paul , Kim Junhyong 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Accurate time series for biological processes are difficult to estimate due to problems of synchronization, temporal sampling and rate heterogeneity. Methods are needed that can utilize multi-dimensional data, such as those resulting from DNA microarray experiments, in order to reconstruct time series from unordered or poorly ordered sets of observations.
Results: We present a set of algorithms for estimating temporal orderings from unordered sets of sample elements. The techniques we describe are based on modifications of a minimum-spanning tree calculated from a weighted, undirected graph. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by applying these techniques to an artificial data set as well as several gene expression data sets derived from DNA microarray experiments. In addition to estimating orderings, the techniques we describe also provide useful heuristics for assessing relevant properties of sample datasets such as noise and sampling intensity, and we show how a data structure called a PQ-tree can be used to represent uncertainty in a reconstructed ordering.
Availability: Academic implementations of the ordering algorithms are available as source code (in the programming language Python) on our web site, along with documentation on their use. The artificial ‘jelly roll’ data set upon which the algorithm was tested is also available from this web site. The publicly available gene expression data may be found at http://genome-www.stanford.edu/cellcycle/ and http://caulobacter.stanford.edu/CellCycle/
Contact: junhyong@sas.upenn.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed at present address. Department of Biology, Uhiversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Selection of oligonucleotide probes for protein coding sequences
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Seed Brian 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Large arrays of oligonucleotide probes have become popular tools for analyzing RNA expression. However to date most oligo collections contain poorly validated sequences or are biased toward untranslated regions (UTRs). Here we present a strategy for picking oligos for microarrays that focus on a design universe consisting exclusively of protein coding regions. We describe the constraints in oligo design that are imposed by this strategy, as well as a software tool that allows the strategy to be applied broadly.
Results: In this work we sequentially apply a variety of simple filters to candidate sequences for oligo probes. The primary filter is a rejection of probes that contain contiguous identity with any other sequence in the sample universe that exceeds a pre-established threshold length. We find that rejection of oligos that contain 15 bases of perfect match with other sequences in the design universe is a feasible strategy for oligo selection for probe arrays designed to interrogate mammalian RNA populations. Filters to remove sequences with low complexity and predicted poor probe accessibility narrow the candidate probe space only slightly. Rejection based on global sequence alignment is performed as a secondary, rather than primary, test, leading to an algorithm that is computationally efficient. Splice isoforms pose unique challenges and we find that isoform prevalence will for the most part have to be determined by analysis of the patterns of hybridization of partially redundant oligonucleotides.
Availability: The oligo design program OligoPicker and its source code are freely available at our website.
Contact: seed@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu
Supplementary information: http://pga.mgh.harvard.edu/oligopicker/index.html
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression
Authors: Cooper Peter J. , Murray Lynne , Wilson Anji , Romaniuk Helena 
Published: April 2003

BackgroundPsychological interventions for postnatal depression can be beneficial in the short term but their longer-term impact is unknown.AimsTo evaluate the long-term effect on maternal mood of three psychological treatments in relation to routine primary care.MethodWomen with post-partum depression (n=193) were assigned randomly to one of four conditions: routine primary care, non-directive counselling, cognitive–behavioural therapy or psychodynamic therapy. They were assessed immediately after the treatment phase (at 4.5 months) and at 9, 18 and 60 months post-partum.ResultsCompared with the control, all three treatments had a significant impact at 4.5 months on maternal mood (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS). Only psychodynamic therapy produced a rate of reduction in depression (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–III–R) significantly superior to that of the control. The benefit of treatment was no longer apparent by 9 months post-partum. Treatment did not reduce subsequent episodes of post-partum depression.ConclusionsPsychological intervention for post-partum depression improves maternal mood (EPDS) in the short term. However, this benefit is not superior to spontaneous remission in the long term.
Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression
Authors: Murray Lynne , Cooper Peter J. , Wilson Anji , Romaniuk Helena 
Published: April 2003

BackgroundPostnatal depression is associated with adverse child cognitive and socio-emotional outcome. It is not known whether psychological treatment affects the quality of the mother–child relationship and child outcome.AimsTo evaluate the effect of three psychological treatments on the mother–child relationship and child outcome.MethodWomen with post-partum depression (n=193) were assigned randomly to routine primary care, non-directive counselling, cognitive–behavioural therapy or psychodynamic therapy. The women and their children were assessed at 4.5, 18 and 60 months post-partum.ResultsIndications of a positive benefit were limited. All three treatments had a significant benefit on maternal reports of early difficulties in relationships with the infants; counselling gave better infant emotional and behaviour ratings at 18 months and more sensitive early mother–infant interactions. The treatments had no significant impact on maternal management of early infant behaviour problems, security of infant–mother attachment, infant cognitive development or any child outcome at 5 years.ConclusionsEarly intervention was of short-term benefit to the mother–child relationship and infant behaviour problems. More-prolonged intervention may be needed. Health visitors could deliver this.
Combination ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers for Hypertension
Authors: Finnegan Patrick M , Gleason Brenda L 
Published: April 2003

OBJECTIVE: To review data concerning combined angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy for hypertension. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–April 2003), IPA (1970–April 2003), and EMBASE (1974–April 2003) with search terms of ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, essential hypertension, and combination therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS: ACE inhibitors provide incomplete blockade of the renin–angiotensin system, sometimes leading to loss of blood pressure control. Addition of ARBs may in theory further reduce blood pressure. Studies of combined ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy for managing hypertension were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: While studies have shown statistically significant blood pressure reductions with ACE/ARB combination therapy, clinical significance is lacking. Further trials are needed before routine use of the combination can be recommended.
Molecular Metals Based on BEDT‐TTF Radical Cation Salts with Magnetic Metal Oxalates as Counterions: β″‐(BEDT‐TTF)4A[M(C2O4)3]·DMF (A = NH4+, K+; M = CrIII, FeIII)
Authors: Prokhorova T.G. , Khasanov S.S. , Zorina L.V. , Buravov L.I. , Tkacheva V.A. , Baskakov A.A. , Morgunov R.B. , Gener M. , Canadell E. , Shibaeva R.P. , Yagubskii E.B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFour (BEDT‐TTF)4A[M(C2O4)3]·DMF (DMF = dimethylformamide) salts of the organic donor molecule bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT‐TTF) with metal oxalate anions, where A = (NH4, K), M = Cr (1); A = NH4, M = Fe (2); A = K, M = Cr (3); and A = NH4, M = Cr (3′) were prepared by electrocrystallization. These salts were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, electrical resistance measurements, and electronic band structure calculations. The structures (with space group C2/c) consist of alternating β″‐type layers of BEDT‐TTF and an approximately hexagonal network formed by the A+ cation and the metal, with the solvent molecule, DMF, occupying hexagonal cavities in the anion layer. All of the salts are two‐dimensional organic metals down to 4.2 K and do not exhibit superconductivity. Their electronic band structure is similar to that of the known organic superconductor β″‐(BEDT‐TTF)4H3O[Fe(C2O4)3]·BN. The ESR spectra of salts 1 and 3′ are characterized by two resonances, one of Gaussian shape arising from the 3d localized electrons of Cr3+ and the other of Lorentzian (and Dysonian) shape due to the conduction electrons in the organic layers. On the basis of the calculated Fermi surfaces it is suggested that these salts could exhibit an interesting magnetoresistance behavior if disorder does not prevent the observation of the Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations.
How families communicate about HNPCC genetic testing: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Peterson Susan K. , Watts Beatty G. , Koehly Laura M. , Vernon Sally W. , Baile Walter F. , Kohlmann Wendy K. , Gritz Ellen R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractLittle is known about how hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) genetic counseling and testing information is communicated within at‐risk families. This article describes findings from a qualitative study of 39 adult members from five families with known HNPCC‐predisposing mutations. We evaluated how information from HNPCC genetic counseling and testing was disseminated in these families and how family members reacted to and acted on this information. We included family members who had been diagnosed with an HNPCC syndrome cancer, unaffected individuals who were at 50% risk of carrying a mutation, and their spouses. Participants included those who had undergone testing and those who had not. In general, all families had shared the news about an HNPCC mutation with at‐risk relatives. Communication about HNPCC genetic counseling and testing followed the norms used for conveying other nonurgent family news. Mutation noncarriers, nontesters, and those who were not biological relatives were less involved in discussing genetic counseling and testing and perceived these processes as less relevant to them. Although all family members were generally willing to share information about HNPCC, probands and mutation carriers informed extended family members and actively persuaded others to seek counseling or testing. Family members who were persuaded to seek those services by the proband were more likely to have counseling and testing and were more likely to seek those services sooner. Genetic counseling should attempt to identify the existing communication norms within families and ways that family members can take an active role in encouraging others to learn about their cancer risk and options for testing. Interventions may also need to emphasize the relevance of hereditary cancer information beyond the immediate family and to unaffected family members who may be central to the communication process (e.g., spouses of mutation carriers). © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer survivors' attitudes about communication of breast cancer risk to their children
Authors: Miesfeldt Susan , Cohn Wendy F. , Jones Susan M. , Ropka Mary E. , Weinstein Jenine C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPerceptions of breast cancer survivors regarding educating their children about hereditary breast cancer risk are underexplored. This study examined attitudes of early‐onset breast cancer survivors concerning whether, at what age, and how their children should be educated about potential risk for hereditary breast cancer. Women with breast cancer diagnosed < age 50 years between 1994 and 1997 were recruited from 34 Virginia hospitals. Participants responded to two surveys. The Family History Questionnaire permitted participant classification into two groups based on risk for hereditary disease, as determined by personal and family history. The Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaire addressed participants' concerns regarding their children's breast cancer risk, perceptions of their children's concerns about their own risk, and whether, at what age, and from what source their children should be informed about their own risk. Among 267 participants, the average age was 47.5 years; 90% were Caucasian, 7% were African American; 52% had suspected hereditary breast cancer. Of participants with children, 81% indicated concern about their children's breast cancer risk; 55% reported that their children had expressed concern about their own risk. Seventy‐one percent of participants believed the age for informing children about hereditary breast cancer risk to be before 18 years. Eighty‐four percent cited the child's parents and 65% cited health professionals as a preferred information source. No differences in responses between participants with suspected hereditary breast cancer versus presumed sporadic breast cancer were noted. These data establish the need for educational resources regarding hereditary breast cancer for children of early‐onset breast cancer survivors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.