bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel robotic system for in-filed corn leaf spectroscopy imaging
Authors: Li Xuan , Chen Ziling , Zhao Tianzhang , Jin Jian 
Published: October 2023

Corn (Zea Mays ) is one of the most valuable row crops grown in
the United States. Thus, securing and increasing the yield of corn is
necessary for the progression of society. However, blindly applying
excessive nitrogen fertilizer to reach higher yield has resulted in
disastrous consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to precisely monitor
the nitrogen content in the corn plant and provide suggestions on
nitrogen application is crucial to increase the sustainability of
agriculture.
Currently, spectroscopy imaging has been proved effective in measuring
nitrogen content in corn plants. However, the trade-off between
throughput and data quality is rarely addressed and it has become an
obstacle to scale up the application of spectroscopy imaging. Hence, in
this study, we have developed a new robotic system to operate a proximal
imaging device to capture a spectroscopy image of a single corn leaf.
The robot has 3-DoF, including one rotational and two translational
actuators. One 3-D camera works as the perception system to detect and
localize the targeted corn leaf. The manipulator is a uniquely designed
spectroscopy imaging device that captures spectroscopy images with
low-noise and high-resolution. Once deployed, this robot could capture
high quality images for a single leaf within 30 seconds and free human
from laborious field work.
Length of IPO Prospectus and Individual Investors’ Demand for IPO Shares
Authors: Cho Meeok , Choi Sunhwa , Kim Sehee , Lee Woo-Jong 
Published: October 2023

SYNOPSIS
Prior studies on readability suggest that lengthy corporate reports are difficult to process and may discourage investors’ capital market participation. However, longer reports that contain additional information may actually benefit individual investors, who typically rely on public information. Using a regulatory change that requires firms to disclose additional items in the IPO prospectus, we find that the new regulation increased individual investors’ demand for IPO stocks with longer prospectuses. These results suggest that lengthy reports do not always reduce investor demand, highlighting a potential trade-off between the costs and benefits of longer corporate reports.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
JEL Classification: G18; M41; M48.
A Sociological Panorama after the Great War. A Central and Eastern European Comparatist Attempt
Authors: Rostás Zoltán 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article attempts to draw a general outline of comparative Central and Eastern European sociology. It focuses on the year 1918, when the Great War ended, and it explores the background and continuation of the (re)birth of sociology. The study is justified by the fact that the history of the national schools of sociology has been approached in correlation with Western centres, and therefore a regional approach is needed. First, the study differentiates between countries that were allied to the victorious powers in the First World War and countries that lost the war, between countries where sociology gained momentum and countries where science suffered. In the countries that were at an advantage – Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Serbia –, sociology was at very different stages of institutionalization, but it registered significant progress until the 30s. The countries that lost – Bulgaria, Russia, and Hungary – were not only more weakened after the war but also plagued by revolutions, civil wars, and retaliations; they were not a fertile ground for sociological production. Apart from Russia, it is only in the 1930s that sociology started to considerably develop in these countries. The article does not only compare the status of sociology in the seven countries, but it also explores the evolution of the relationships between them. After an understandable dependence on the Western academic centres, there was the possibility for a regional identity to form.
Conflict and Cooperation within the Monographic Collective
Authors: Butoi Ionuţ 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research is intended as an in-depth study of the contexts favouring the development of organizational and scientific cooperation practices, as well as of the contexts favouring the emergence of organizational competition and conflict practices within the Gustian School. I will follow how the respective practices emerged and consolidated within the abovementioned sociological school. I will also discuss the organizational climate and how internal conflicts were managed in the school. Using this approach, I intend to explore and elaborate upon the directions already inaugurated by Zoltán Rostás in his research on the organizational development of the Gustian School.
The “Matilda Effect”: Women in Interwar Romanian Sociological Research and Social Intervention
Authors: Văcărescu Theodora-Eliza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, several sociological monographic campaigns were carried out in a few villages in Romania. It was for the first time that a large research group from Romania investigated rural social life using an integrated theoretical system and interdisciplinary methods and instruments. In the second half of the 1930s, a different kind of rural-oriented endeavour started to be undertaken: the “royal voluntary student teams”, whose work in Romanian villages was more oriented towards social action than social research. In October 1938, the Law of the Social Service was issued, providing that all of Romania’s university graduates were compelled to participate in organized cultural work in villages. In most of the activities undertaken by the Bucharest Sociological School and coordinated by Professor Dimitrie Gusti, women participated in large numbers – yet another new feature in Romanian scientific practice. In this paper, I explore how gender, conceptualized as a social, political, and material category, configures power relations within a research group, and I provide tentative and inherently partial answers to such questions as: What combination of social, economic, and political factors led to women’s massive involvement in the sociological monographic campaigns? How did women’s participation contribute to the research endeavours? What are the disciplinary and institutional mechanisms and personal strategies that produced women’s inclusion in, and later exclusion from, the research group?
Discrete Uncertainty Quantification For Offline Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Pérez José Luis , Corrochano Javier , García Javier , Majadas Rubén , Ibañez-Llano Cristina , Pérez Sergio , Fernández Fernando 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In many Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks, the classical online interaction of the learning agent with the environment is impractical, either because such interaction is expensive or dangerous. In these cases, previous gathered data can be used, arising what is typically called Offline RL. However, this type of learning faces a large number of challenges, mostly derived from the fact that exploration/exploitation trade-off is overshadowed. In addition, the historical data is usually biased by the way it was obtained, typically, a sub-optimal controller, producing a distributional shift from historical data and the one required to learn the optimal policy. In this paper, we present a novel approach to deal with the uncertainty risen by the absence or sparse presence of some state-action pairs in the learning data. Our approach is based on shaping the reward perceived from the environment to ensure the task is solved. We present the approach and show that combining it with classic online RL methods make them perform as good as state of the art Offline RL algorithms such as CQL and BCQ. Finally, we show that using our method on top of established offline learning algorithms can improve them.
International Law Basics of Governance of Subsoil in Kara Sea
Authors: Mincheva N. A. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction.International law issues of using subsoil are addressed in many legal researches, which cover the normative content of this term and the subsoil extension of a state sovereignty within the state’s boundaries and also the status of marine subsoil both within and beyond the continental shelf. Taking into account this wide array of research materials this paper addresses a rather specific topic, which is of huge economic importance for Russia, that is the past, present and future legal mechanism of subsoil management in Kara Sea. In addition to that the paper address in this context the sharp change in 2022 the international legal policy in the Northern Polar region, which was initiated by the seven western countries-members of the Arctic Council.Materials and methods.International and national legal documents of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union and also Russian Federation (which are applicable to the bottom of the Kara Sea) are used as materials for this research. The teachings of the qualified legal scholars devoted to these documents are also scrutinized. The author has relied upon general research methods as well as those which are specifically used by lawyers.Results of the research.During the period of the Russian Empire only suggestions were published as to the international law possibility to extend the administrative functions of Russia to the bottom of the whole Kara Sea. During the soviet period (until Gorbachev’s “perestroika” start in 1985) Kara Sea bottom and its subsoil were unanimously qualified as a part of state’s maritime territory of the Soviet Union. The relevant act of legislation, however, was never adopted. At the same time, no legal act was adopted, what might contradict the doctrinal qualification of Kara Sea and its subsoil as being under the sovereignty of the USSR and under its exclusive state control. In 1985 such a legal approach ceased to exist: according to the first northern “Gorbachev’s” Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR only small part of the subsoil of Kara Sea was legally qualified as being under the sovereignty of the country. As for the larger part of such subsoil, it has legally received a “weaker” status – as subsoil of the continental shelf implying that foreign states have some rights on the continental shelf.Discussion and conclusions.Up till nowadays the legal response of Russia to western states “sanctions” after the Coup d’Etat in Kiev in 2014 were always within international economic law. The fact that western countries introduced in 2022 nonregional disagreements with Russia in the policy in the Arctic Region has legal consequences for Russia. From this moment Russia is also free from the former tradition to respect its previous self-limitations in the Arctic relating to such western states. That covers, inter alia, self-limitations provided in the 1985 Decree relating to the status of subsoil in Kara Sea. In such a context the paper suggests “asymmetric” measures to be adopted by the Russian Federation within the law of the sea.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM ARCTIC-GIS
Authors: ДОНЦОВ А А. , СУТОРИХИН И А. , КИРИЛЛОВ В В. , ЛОВЦКАЯ О В. 
Published: October 2023

Показаны результаты разработки геоинформационной веб-системы (ГИС), предназначенной для формирования единой научно обоснованной системы высокотехнологического комплексного экологического мониторинга (гидрологического, гидрохимического, гидробиологического) Обь-Иртышского речного бассейна и позволяющей прогнозировать экологическое состояние водных объектов с учётом изменяющегося климата и увеличения антропогенной нагрузки. Представлена архитектура геоинформационной системы, основные модули и компоненты, функциональные возможности и интерфейс пользователя. Рассмотрена структура проблемно-ориентированной базы данных, используемой для хранения и обработки информации в составе геоинформационной веб-системы.
The first results of the development of a web-based geoinformation system designed to form a unified scientifically based system of high-tech integrated environmental monitoring (hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological) of the Ob-Irtysh river basin are shown, which makes it possible to predict the ecological state of water bodies, taking into account the changing climate and increasing anthropogenic load. The architecture of the geographic information system, the main modules and components, functionality and user interface are presented.
TRENDS AND SEASONAL CHANGES OF THE RADAR VEGETATION INDEX DPRVI ALOS PALSAR-1/2 ON TEST PLOTS OF PINE FOREST AND YOUNG
Authors: КИРБИЖЕКОВА И И. , ЧИМИТДОРЖИЕВ Т.Н. , ДМИТРИЕВ А В. , БАЛТУХАЕВ А К. 
Published: October 2023

В докладе представлены результаты анализа нерегулярных временных рядов радарного вегетационного индекса dpRVI для соснового леса и соснового подроста в окрестностях г. Улан-Удэ. Индексы dpRVI рассчитаны с помощью облачных технологий GEE по данным с двойной поляризацией ALOS PALSAR-1/2 за 2007-2019 гг. Для тестовых участков произведена оценка сезонных вариаций dpRVI. Установлен значимый долговременный тренд роста dpRVI для соснового молодняка y=0,0027t 0,0289 (r=0,50), где t - возраст лесного подроста, отсчитываемый от момента лесного пожара 2003 г., уровень значимости 0,05 и 0,01.
The report presents the results of the analysis of irregular time series of the radar vegetation index dpRVI for pine forests and pine undergrowth in the vicinity of Ulan-Ude. The dpRVI indices were calculated using GEE cloud technologies based on data with double polarization ALOS PALSAR-1/2 for 2007-2019. Seasonal variations of the DPVI were estimated for the test plots. A significant long-term growth trend of DPVI for pine young y=0.0027t 0.0289 (r=0.50) has been established, where t is the age of forest undergrowth, counted from the time of the 2003 forest fire, the significance levels are 0.05 and 0.01.
Perhitungan Kebutuhan Air Baku dan Rekomendasi Pengolahan Air Rusunawa UNTAN
Authors: Danial Mochammmad Meddy , Djati Dian Rahayu , Supriyadi Asep , Rustamadji R. M. 
Published: October 2023

Rumah susun sederhana (rusunawa) merupakan salah satu aset yang bisa menjadi sumber pemasukan dana (income generating) bagi universitas Tanjungpura (UNTAN). Salah satu potensi aset rusunawa yang belum dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan sumber pemasukan adalah pemanfaatan air sungai dan air hujan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih di lingkungan rusunawa UNTAN. Selain itu, air bersih tersebut bisa dimanfaatkan untuk diolah menjadi air siap minum dengan menggunakan teknologi membran reverse osmosis (RO). Tujuan PKM ini untuk menghitung kebutuhan air bersih Rusunawa, menguji kualitas air sungai dan air tandon hujan, serta menentukan desain dan kapasitas pengolahan air yang diperlukan berbasis membran RO. Hasil uji kualitas air menunjukkan, nila TDS, PH, dan Mn memenuhi syarat baku mutu menurut Permenkes no 2/2023. Sedangkan nilai Fe dan BakteriE. Coli belum memenuhi syarat. Untuk itu, desain yang digunakan dalam pengolahan air rusunawa UNTAN adalah menggunakan multi tray aerator, proses filtrasi, dan membran reverse osmosis jenis brackish water dan seawater, dengan dilengkapi oleh sinar ultraviolet dan dua pompa tekanan tinggi yang dipasang seri. Hasil dari pengolahan dengan membran RO menunjukkan air yang dihasilkan tidak mengandung bakteri E. Coli, sehingga layak untuk dikonsumsi. Kata Kunci: Rusunawa Untan, pemanfaatan air sungai dan air hujan, reverse osmosis, bisnis air minum
Kajian Kesiapan RSUD Kota Salatiga Dalam Menghadapi Kebijakan Kelas Rawat Inap Standar (KRIS)
Authors: Kuraini Sri Nurul , Anggraini Anggi Napida , Ariagita Anggi Putri , Hapsari Mesaluna Sita , Anggraini Suci Dewi 
Published: October 2023

Salatiga termasuk RS yang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini mengalami peningkatan jumlah pasien khususnya pasien BPJS Kesehatan dan RSUD Kota Salatiga sudah bekerjasama dengan BPJS, sehingga dalam pelayanannya menggunakan sistem BPJS 3 kelas namun RSUD Kota Salatiga belum memulai mempersiapkan kamar rawat inap yang sesuai standar. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji kesiapan RSUD Kota Salatiga dalam Menghadapi Kebijakan Kelas Rawat Inap Standar (KRIS) BPJS Kesehatan Berdasarkan PP No. 47 Tahun 2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian mixed methods yang merupakan perpaduan antara penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan mengunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Hasil dari penlitian ini dimana masih banyak sarana dan prasarana yang belum sesuai standart namun ada pula beberapa saran dan prasarana sesuai standart. Kesimpulannya RSUD Kota Salatiga memeliki kesiapan yang cukup untuk menghadapi implementasi regulasi atau aturan KRIS dari pemerintah melalui pihak BPJS
Corylus colurna L. (Türk Fındığı)’nin yaprak ekstraktı kullanılarak sentezlenen gümüş nanopartiküllerin optimizasyonu ve antifungal aktivitesi
Authors: GEVREK Ceylan , YİĞİT Uğur , TÜRKKAN Muharrem 
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yüz merkezli merkezi kompozit tasarım (FCCCD)’a dayalı yanıt yüzey yöntemi (RSM) ile Corylus colurna yaprak ekstraktı kullanılarak mikrodalgada sentez edilen gümüş nanopartiküllerin (AgNP’lerin) üretimini optimize etmeyi, sentezlenen nanopartikülleri çeşitli spektroskopik ve mikroskobik yöntemlerle karakterize etmeyi ve bazı Phytophthora türleri üzerindeki antifungal etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, yanıt yüzey yönteminin FCCCD’i, 350-420 nm spektral dalga aralığında maksimum AgNP miktarını elde etmek için üç farklı sentez değişkeni (AgNO3 konsantrasyonu, fındık yaprak ekstraktı/AgNO3 oranı ve reaksiyon süresi)’nin birleşik etkisini araştırmak için kullanılmıştır. Spektral eğri altındaki tahmini alan basit bir orta nokta kuralı kullanılarak Microsoft Office Excel programı yardımı ile hesaplanmıştır. Optimum koşullar altında sentezlenen fındık yaprak ekstraktı-AgNP’leri karakterize etmek için Ultraviyole Görünür (UV-Vis) Spektroskopisi, Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi (FT-IR) Spektroskopisi ve Transmisyon Elektron Mikroskobu (TEM) kullanılmıştır. AgNP’lerin antifungal etkinliği, altı Phytophthora türü (P. cactorum, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae ve P. palmivora)’ne karşı in vitro koşullarda denenmiş olup, deneme 6 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür.
Araştırma Bulguları: UV-Vis spektroskopisi, farklı koşullar altında sentezlenen AgNP’lerin tipik yüzey plazmon rezonans değerlerinin 396 ile 411 nm dalga boyu aralığında değiştiğini ortaya koymuştur. AgNO3 konsantrasyonu, bitki yaprak ekstraktı/AgNO3 oranı ve reaksiyon süresi sırasıyla 5 mM, 0.1 ve 90 saniye olduğunda, araştırılan aralıkta optimum AgNP üretimi elde edilmiştir. FT-IR spektrumu, AgNP’lerin O–H, N–H, C=C, C–N ve C–O gruplarını içerdiğini ve fındık yaprak ekstraktındaki çeşitli bileşiklerin AgNP’lerin sentezinde önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermiştir. TEM analiz sonuçları, AgNP’lerin ortalama 17.48 nm (Gauss uyumu) büyüklüğe sahip küresel formda olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Yeşil sentezlenen AgNP’lerin P. cactorum, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. palmivora ve P. nicotianae’nın misel gelişimini sırasıyla %81.67, %74.80, %73.54, %81.01, %74.50 ve %62.39’a kadar azaltmıştır. Ayrıca AgNP’lerin EC50 değerlerinin 118.58-292.56 µg ml-1 arasında değiştiği ve MIC değerlerinin ise 340 µg ml-1’in üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, fındık yaprak ekstraktı ile sentezlenen AgNP’lerin, Phytophthora türlerinin neden olduğu hastalıkların mücadelesinde kullanılmak üzere daha fazla araştırılması gerektiğini önermektedir.
Ordu-Kumru Yöresi Fındık Bahçelerinin Toprak Verimlilik Durumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: KARADENİZ Uğur , ÖZKUTLU Faruk 
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Kumru ilçesinde fındık yetiştiriciliği yapılan bazı bahçelerin toprak verimlilik durumlarının belirlenmesi ve toprak sınır değerleriyle kıyaslanarak eksiklik ve fazlalık durumlarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem:
Toprak Örneklerinin Alınması ve Analizi; Ordu İli Kumru İlçesindeki 40 farklı köyden 71 farklı fındık bahçesinden 0–30 cm derinlikten toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Topraklarda; bünye (tekstür), pH, EC (tuz), Kireç, Organik madde, toplam N ile bitkiye yarayışlı fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), bitkiye yarayışlı demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsnatrasyonları belirlenmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları:
Araştırma alanı topraklarının genellikle killi, tuzsuz ve organik madde bakımından orta seviyede olduğu bulunmuştur. Toprak pH’larının en düşük pH 4.53 ve en yüksek 7.87 olarak geniş sınırlar arasında yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Toprak analizlerine göre, toplam N, P, K, Zn elementleri yönünden noksanlıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç:
Araştırmada, Kumru ilçesindeki fındık bahçelerinin birbirinden farklı özellikte yapılara sahip olduğu ve her bahçenin kendine özgü bir gübrelemeye ihtiyaç duyacağı belirlenmiştir.
Fındık Atığı Ürünlerinin Buğday Yetiştiriciliğinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AYGÜN Selahattin , BENDER ÖZENÇ Damla 
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Fındık zurufu ve zuruftan elde edilen biyokömür ve bunlardan üretilen ekstrakt uygulamaları ve etkin dozların buğday gelişimi üzerine etkisini incelemektir.
Materyal ve Yöntem: 2019-2020 yıllarında tarla denemesi, dört doz (0, 1, 2, 3 t da-1), dört materyal (fındık zurufu, fındık zurufu ekstraktı, zuruf biyokömürü, zuruf biyokömürü ekstraktı) ve üç tekerrürlü olacak şekilde tesadüf blokları faktöriyel deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Buğday bitkisine ait bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, m2’deki başak sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, başakta tane sayısı, tane verimi ve besin elementi konsantrasyonları (N, P, K) tespit edilmiştir.
Araştırma Bulguları: Buğday bitkisine ait özellikler yıllar bakımından farklılık göstermiş; başak uzunluğu ikinci yıl azalmış, bitki boyu, m2’deki başak sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, tane verimi ise ikinci yıl artmıştır. Genel olarak, bitki gelişimi üzerine atık uygulamaları etkili olmakla birlikte, bitki boyuna; zuruf biyokömürü ve biyokömür ekstraktının, m2’deki başak sayısı üzerine fındık zurufu uygulamalarının etkisi öne çıkmıştır. Ayrıca uygulama dozlarının artması ile başak uzunluğu hariç incelenen agronomik özelliklerde artış görülmüştür. Buğday bitkisinin optimum gelişimi için 2 t da-1 uygulamasının yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkide toplam azot ve fosfor konsantrasyonu ilk yıl, toplam potasyum konsantrasyonu ikinci yıl daha fazla bulunmuştur. Materyallerin dozlarındaki artış ile buğday bitkisinin azot, fosfor ve potasyum konsantrasyonlarında artış görülmüştür. Toplam azot ve potasyum içeriklerinde zuruf ekstraktı uygulamasının, fosfor içeriğinde zuruf biyokömürünün 3 t da-1 uygulaması etkili doz olarak bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bütün veriler birlikte dikkate alındığında, buğday bitkisine ait incelenen özellikleri ve besin elementi konsantrasyonları üzerine toprağa fındık atık ürünleri uygulamalarının etkili olduğu ve bu atıkların tarıma önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.