bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doublon–holon pair creation in Mott–Hubbard systems in analogy to QED
Authors: Queisser F , Krutitsky K , Navez P , Schützhold R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Via the hierarchy of correlations, we study doublon–holon pair creation in the Mott state of the Fermi–Hubbard model (in higher dimensions) induced by a time-dependent electric field. Special emphasis is placed on the analogy to electron–positron pair creation from the vacuum in quantum electrodynamics. We find that the accuracy and applicability of this analogy depends on the spin structure of the Mott background. For Ising type anti-ferromagnetic order, we derive an effective Dirac equation. A Mott state without any spin order or spin polarized states do not explicitly display the same quasi-relativistic behavior.
A novel fractional-order 3-D chaotic system and its application to secure communication based on chaos synchronization
Authors: Iqbal Sajad , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we introduce a new fractional-order chaotic system (FO-CS) that comprises six terms, setting it apart from classical chaotic models such as the Lorenz, Chen, and Lü systems. The proposed system, while having a different number of terms compared to the Lorenz and Chen systems, generates attractors that closely resemble those found in these conventional systems. The algebraic structure of the system is relatively simple, consisting of four linear terms and two quadratic terms. We conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis and dynamic simulations of the system from both fractional and integer-order perspectives, exploring numerous dynamical characteristics, including Lyapunov exponent spectra, fractal dimensions, Poincaré maps, and bifurcation phenomena. Furthermore, we derive the Hamiltonian energy function for the proposed system through the application of Helmholtz’s theorem. To delve into synchronization within the system, we carry out numerical simulations alongside an active control method. The effective implementation of synchronization through this control strategy deepens our understanding of system dynamics and highlights its potential applications, particularly in secure communication. One significant application is the use of synchronization techniques for the secure transmission of real audio signals, showcasing the relevance of synchronization technique in enhancing communication security.
A fine-tuned adaptive weight deep dense meta stacked transfer learning model for effective cervical cancer prediction
Authors: Kaushik Baijnath , Mahajan Abhigya , Chadha Akshma , Khan Yusera Farooq , Sharma Shashwat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the digital world of remarkable technological advancements, the detection of cervical cancer at early stages is of important clinical significance as it can vastly improve the survival rate during treatment. Cervical cytopathology, often known as a Pap test is the frequently adopted screening method for cervical cancer. However, the test seems to be effective but investigation of images containing Pap smear with the help of a microscope is a difficult as well as laborious exercise. The procedure for the same demands an expert in the area and is often time-consuming. The serious pitfalls in subjective clinical evaluation evoke the need of developing an automated system for more reliable cervical cancer diagnosis. Therefore, the goal of this study primarily focuses on designing a Deep learning model to process the Pap smear images and correctly classify the cervical cells. For this purpose, firstly, a publically available dataset namely SIPaKMeD is utilized. Then, different data pre-processing methods are applied to intensify the data quality for effective analysis. Next, a novel stacking model is proposed that leverages a Support Vector Classifier (SVC) as a Meta model over a combination of different Transfer Learning Models including VGG16, ResNet101, InceptionV3, Xception, DenseNet169, and Inception ResNet. Furthermore, the dense layers are added to tune the underlying base transfer learning models to learn fine-tuned adaptive weights. The results obtained from experimental evaluation demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed stacking model by yielding the highest accuracy rate of 95.66% in comparison to other employed methods and existing state-of-the-art techniques.
Analysis of multi-bridge-channel FET for CMOS logic applications
Authors: Sreenivasulu Vakkalakula Bharath , Neelima N , Thotakura Vishnu Priya , M Durga Prakash , Kumar Aruru Sai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study analyses the vertically stacked GAA Multi-Bridge-Channel FETs like Nanosheet at the device level for CMOS applications. Studies are carried out to validate the impact of geometric deviations concerning thickness and width of the FET’s performance. The study also investigates the process parameter variation on DC metrics like threshold voltage (V
th), subthreshold swing (SS), ON-time (I
ON), OFF-time (I
OFF), I
ON/I
OFF, and DIBL. The device achieves better performance by optimizing Nanosheet width (NW) and thickness (NT) variability which ensures scaling flexibility. The CADENCE tool is used to investigate the device’s performance in terms of circuit applications. Various circuits like CMOS inverter transient response, switching characteristics, voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) and noise margins are evaluated. The CMOS inverter energy delay product (EDP) and power delay product (PDP) are also analyzed. The PDP and EDP increase by 2.51x and 3.06x with rise of NW. The CMOS inverter noise margins (NMs) are calculated towards digital circuit applications. The proposed Nanosheet FET has good electrostatic integrity due to its GAA structure, thus, it is a strong contender for low-power and high-performance applications for future technological nodes.
Effects of asymptomatic infections and population movements on the geographical spread of Nipah virus
Authors: Mabotsa Malebese , Munganga Justin Manango Wazute 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We develop a deterministic patch model for the transmission of Nipah virus in bat, pig, and human populations. The mathematical analysis of the model reveals that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number

R

0

is less than 1, and unstable when

R

0

>
1

. In the case where

R

0

>
1

, there exists at least one positive equilibrium. Under the assumption of symmetric connectivity matrices, the basic reproduction number is increasing in terms of the dispersal rate of exposed humans, if the dispersal rates of symptomatic and asymptomatic humans are zero. On the other hand, if the direct transmission rates of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections are equal and the dispersal rates of exposed and symptomatic humans are zero, the basic reproduction number is increasing in terms of asymptomatic humans. For small dispersal rates, the endemic equilibrium approaches an endemic equilibrium with relatively lower endemic level.
Influence of an external electromagnetic field on quantum entanglement and coherence in a two-qubit graphene system
Authors: Mouslih S , Dahbi Z , Jakha M , El Asri S , Taj S , Manaut B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Graphene, with its two-dimensional carbon structure, exhibits unique quantum properties that are crucial for quantum computing. In this paper, we investigate the influence of an external electromagnetic field on quantum coherence and entanglement between two qubits in graphene lattices. Our findings show that an electromagnetic field with high field strength (ξ
0 ∼ 50 meV2) and low frequency (ω = 0.117 eV) significantly enhances quantum entanglement and coherence, even at elevated temperatures (T ∼ 20 meV). By adjusting the frequency and the field strength, these quantum effects can be preserved long enough at high temperatures. Furthermore, circular polarization of the electromagnetic field is found to be more effective than linear and elliptical polarizations in optimizing these effects. These results highlight the critical role of electromagnetic fields in enhancing quantum properties, potentially paving the way for advancements in quantum computing and related technologies.
Stellarator fusion systems enabled by arrays of planar coils
Authors: Gates D.A. , Aslam S. , Berzin B. , Bonofiglo P. , Cote A. , Dudt D.W. , Flom E. , Fort D. , Koen A. , Kruger T.G. , Kumar S.T.A. , Martin M.F. , Ottaviano A. , Pasmann S. , Romano P.K. , Swanson C.P.S. , Tang L. , Winkler E. , Wu R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an overview of a novel electromagnetic coil configuration for stellarators and its application to two near-term fusion systems. The novel coil configuration is the planar coil stellarator, able to implement precisely-quasisymmetric 3D magnetic fields using a set of planar, plasma-encircling coils and a set of planar, field-shaping coils situated on a surface surrounding the plasma. This configuration combines the stellarator’s advantages of steady-state operation, stability, low recirculating power fraction, and a mature physics basis, with the benefits of using simpler, planar coils which allow for a maintenance scheme leveraging large ports, and the ability to control magnets individually. The initial near-term use case considered is a steady state deuterium–deuterium stellarator neutron source, called Eos. The second near-term use case considered is a deuterium–tritium stellarator fusion pilot plant, called Helios, that would be approximately twice the linear dimension of the Eos design.
Infrared thermography applied to the study of the local heat transfer enhancement in a wall corrugated tubular heat exchanger for food applications
Authors: Malavasi M , Bozzoli F , Cattani L , Pagliarini L , Azam M W , Rainieri S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The combination of global and local performance analysis represents a powerful tool for the optimal design and sizing of heat exchangers, especially when wall corrugations are employed to enhance inner convection. In this paper, both approaches are applied to a transversely corrugated pipe to propose a thermal correlation and investigate the effects of corrugation on the local heat transfer performance. For the local analysis, infrared thermographic measurements, combined with the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem in the solid wall domain, were used to evaluate the internal convective heat transfer coefficient. The combined approach offers a valuable tool for the optimal design of heat exchangers and related thermal processes, particularly in applications where knowledge or prediction of the local temperature-time history of fluid particles is critical. This is especially relevant in the food industry, where such passive heat transfer enhancement solutions are widely used.
Risks associated with the implementation of road infrastructure projects in remote areas of Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Galih S K , Mubarak M , Saleh S M , Fachrurrazi F , Oktaviani C Z , Ziana Z 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Road infrastructure is one of the vital infrastructures that must be built to support economic growth, especially in remote areas in a region. The infrastructure development process is always faced with various uncertainties, both for constructors and project owners. This study aims to define the most dominant risks in the implementation of road infrastructure projects in remote areas in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study analyses the perspective of project owners in defining risks for road infrastructure projects that have been built with the budget of fiscal year 2022. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire instrument with respondents consisting of 10 project owner representatives, such as heads of work units, assistants, and commitment-making officials. Responses were measured for 82 risk variables related to internal and external risks. Risks were analysed qualitatively using a risk matrix application, according to the risk occurrence and the severity. Risk analysis was emphasized on project constraints related to time and cost. The results of the time-related risk analysis show the variable of fuel price increases (L2) as the variable with the highest risk intensity, and classified as “significant” risk. The same variable was also occurred for cost-related risks. This risk variable appears very often in all studied projects (FI 0.875) and has moderate severity with respect to time (SI 0.433) and cost (SI 0.533). The owners as service users need to remind each constructor to anticipate the emergence of this variable to reduce the level of risk accepted both in terms of project completion time and increased infrastructure completion costs.
Topology of Bloch impedance: traveling waves, dispersive media, and electromagnetic energy
Authors: Tsukerman Igor , Markel Vadim A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The bulk-boundary correspondence (b-bc) principle, which relates interface modes between two periodic structures to topological invariants of the respective Bloch bands, is widely accepted in electrodynamics. However, this acceptance stems largely from condensed matter (CM) theories. It is desirable to establish direct connections between the topological principles and Maxwell electrodynamics, rather than relying on CM results. Such connections have in recent years been found in the case of standing evanescent waves in periodic dielectric media. This paper extends these analyses to waves propagating along an interface between two periodic structures, possibly with frequency-dependent dielectric permittivities. The paper shows that the b-bc principle continues to hold for any physically realizable structures, in which the density of electromagnetic energy must be positive. The paper rigorously proves that in this physically valid case impedance of traveling interface modes within any given bandgap decreases monotonically as a function of frequency.
Continuous varifocal metalens based on phase-change material
Authors: Cui Yilong , Hou Liang , Guo Kenan , Jiang Yue , Liu Qiegen , Xiao Shuyuan , Liu Tingting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metasurfaces have provided new opportunities for the realization of flat lenses, among which tunable metalenses have garnered considerable attention due to their flexible functionalities. In this paper, we present a continuously tunable metalens based on the phase-change material Sb2S3, which enables precise and continuous focal length control through the transition of states. Under the excitation of linearly polarized light at 1550 nm, phase compensation is provided by changing the crystallization state of the Sb2S3 nanopillars, allowing the focal length to continuously shift between 36 µm and 48 µm. At the same time, the metalens maintains a high focusing efficiency over 75%. This approach provides greater design flexibility and broader applicability across diverse applications. By reducing the reliance on polarized light sources, it enhances device integration and tunability, paving the way for new opportunities in the practical implementation of metalenses in advanced optical imaging and nanophotonics.
Design and simulation study of double-cladding fiber for nonlinear Raman imaging
Authors: Ma Shuai , Bai Mengyao , Qu Yuwei , Han Ying , Liang Shiwei , Zhang Zhaoji , Yun Wei , Wang Wei , Qiu Shi , Jing Wenbo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a heterogeneous double-cladding Raman probe utilizing double-cladding hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (DC-HC-ARF). The core region constructed from HC-ARF is designated for the transmission of pump light, while the inner cladding, made of silica glass, is employed for the collection and transmission of Raman signals. The outer cladding,featuring a low refractive index, establishes a significant refractive index contrast with the inner cladding, thereby facilitating the efficient collection of Raman signal light from the inner cladding. By comparing the confinement loss (CL) and other properties of four distinct hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) structures, along with an analysis of the energy transmission performance of the inner cladding structure, we validate the rationale behind the selected configurations for the core, inner cladding, and outer cladding. The HC-ARF used in the core region demonstrates a CL of 8.57×10⁻⁶ dB/m for its LP01 mode, a high-order mode extinction ratio (HOMER) of 243, and notable bending loss. The inner cladding attains a numerical aperture (NA) of up to 0.9, indicating that the fiber can effectively collect Raman light signals. This fiber achieves a high level of integration, facilitating both low-loss transmission of pump light and efficient collection and transmission of signal light simultaneously. By utilizing optical fiber Raman detection technology, real-time imaging of tissues can be achieved, assisting doctors in monitoring and making decisions during surgical procedures.
Everyday Encounters with Stupidity and Intellect, 1944–1962
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes a near immediate breakdown in any post-war ‘settlement’ around the provision for the gifted young, primarily through local media discussion between parents, teachers, and journalists. It also analyses adult and child discussions of intellect, in everyday lives in the mid-twentieth -century, through study of Mass Observation diaries, bulletins, and surveys, and Opie archives of children’s play. Overall, this discussion then sets the scene for subsequent discussions of the 1960s and 1970s onwards. It shows that the post-war settlement did not fully satisfy earlier concerns about the education of the particularly intelligent young. By the 1960s and 1970s, Parliamentarians, parents, and campaigners sought to address this terrain, and to frame support for the gifted as a critical issue of both ‘equality’ and ‘elitism’, presenting gifted children variously as unfortunate, neglected, ignored by the welfare state and as a critical resource for a supply of elites of the future. These framings were not explicit in the 1940s and 1950s, but built on earlier assumptions and everyday beliefs, in particular that to be particularly intelligent was a gift and a challenge, a virtue and a peculiarity.
Making Future Leaders: Psychology, Giftedness, and Legacies of Eugenics, 1970–1989
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the varied spaces in which the idea that gifted children could and should be the elites of the future gained significance in the 1970s and 1980s. First, it analyses how psychologists, particularly Cyril Burt, advocated this. Second, the chapter shows how the conservative tabloid press engaged with the idea, reiterating ideas that elites of the future were born, not made, and the vision that they must be urgently identified. Conservative tabloids used this idea to criticise the comprehensive education system and a range of other contemporary equalities movements. Third, the chapter shows how the National Association engaged with ideas of elites of the future in these decades. It argues that making elites of the future was not a primary aim of the National Association, which continued—as shown in Chapter Three—to focus instead on the welfare of and provision for gifted children and their families, and to seek to identify all gifted children, regardless of race, ethnicity, and class. Nonetheless, ideas of elites of the future were at times present in newsletters and activities organised by this voluntary group. Finally, the chapter considers how young people labelled as ‘gifted’ engaged with these ideas. It shows that some felt the responsibility of becoming elites of the future, while others rejected this concept. Young people’s visions of ‘the world’ were affected by contemporary stereotypes around race, ethnicity, and the ‘other’ in these decades.
Closed Preservation Rhinoplasty in the Mestizo Patient: Challenges and Techniques for Nasal Tip Support
Authors: Valdivia Cesar , Durand Paul D , Cakir Baris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Closed preservation rhinoplasty continues to grow in popularity. Nevertheless, many surgeons remain wary of doing closed preservation rhinoplasty in certain patient populations. Mestizo noses have a thick soft-tissue envelope and weak nasal tip support. These inherent characteristics have led many surgeons to favor open structural techniques when addressing the tip in the Mestizo patient.

Objectives
The present article describes a set of techniques that have been successfully employed by the authors for maximizing tip support and definition when doing closed preservation rhinoplasty in a patient population for which structural techniques were once thought as the only viable option.

Methods
A total of 417 primary rhinoplasty cases were studied retrospectively between January 2022 and December 2023. All the cases were performed using a closed approach and dorsal preservation of the soft-tissue envelope. All patients underwent one of the four types of surgical techniques for the tip area (Type I – 105 patients, Type II – 124, Type III – 181, and Type IV – 7).

Results
Of the total patients, 331 (79.3%) were female and 86 (20.6%) were male. Patient age varied from 15 to 66, with a median age of 23. Patients were followed for a period of six months to a year postoperatively. Seven patients underwent revision surgery (1.7%).

Conclusions
Even with its various potential benefits, there is still apprehension about doing closed preservation rhinoplasty in certain patient populations. The authors present several techniques that have been successfully employed to maximize tip support and definition when performing closed preservation rhinoplasty in the Mestizo patient.
Estimating hypothetical estimands with causal inference and missing data estimators in a diabetes trial case study
Authors: Olarte Parra Camila , Daniel Rhian M , Wright David , Bartlett Jonathan W 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The ICH E9 addendum on estimands in clinical trials provides a framework for precisely defining the treatment effect that is to be estimated, but says little about estimation methods. Here, we report analyses of a clinical trial in type 2 diabetes, targeting the effects of randomized treatment, handling rescue treatment and discontinuation of randomized treatment using the so-called hypothetical strategy. We show how this can be estimated using mixed models for repeated measures, multiple imputation, inverse probability of treatment weighting, G-formula, and G-estimation. We describe their assumptions and practical details of their implementation using packages in R. We report the results of these analyses, broadly finding similar estimates and standard errors across the estimators. We discuss various considerations relevant when choosing an estimation approach, including computational time, how to handle missing data, whether to include post intercurrent event data in the analysis, whether and how to adjust for additional time-varying confounders, and whether and how to model different types of intercurrent event data separately.