bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aero engine health monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics for condition-based maintenance: an overview
Authors: Rath Narahari , Mishra R. K. , Kushari Abhijit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aero engine performance deterioration highly influences its reliability, availability and life cycle. Predictive maintenance is therefore a key figure within Industry 4.0, which guarantees high availability and reduced downtime thus reduced operational costs for both military and civil engines. This leads to maintenance on demand and needs an effective engine health monitoring system. This paper overviews the work carried out on aero engine health monitoring, diagnostic and prognostic techniques based on gas path performance parameters. The inception of performance monitoring and its evolution over time, techniques used to establish a high-quality data base using engine model performance adaptation, and effects of computationally intelligent techniques on promoting the implementation of engine fault diagnosis are reviewed. Generating dependable information about the health condition of the engine is therefore a requisite for a successful implementation of condition-based maintenance. Based on this study, further research can be attempted to predict residual life of critical components using degradation pattern from aero engine performance data bank which will be an invaluable asset for engine designers as well as for operators.
Visually evoked local field potential changes in the caudate nucleus are remarkably more frequent in awake, behaving cats than in anaesthetized animals
Authors: Nyujtó Diána , Kiss Ádám , Bodosi Balázs , Eördegh Gabriella , Tót Kálmán , Kelemen András , Nagy Attila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious results show that halothane gas anaesthesia has a suppressive effect on the visually evoked single-cell activities in the feline caudate nucleus (CN). In this study, we asked whether the low-frequency neuronal signals, the local field potentials (LFP) are also suppressed in the CN of anaesthetized animals.To answer this question, we compared the LFPs recorded from the CN of two halothane-anaesthetized (1.0%), paralyzed, and two awake, behaving cats during static and dynamic visual stimulation. The behaving animals were trained to perform a visual fixation task.Our results denoted a lower proportion of significant power changes to visual stimulation in the CN of the anesthetized cats in each frequency range (from delta to beta) of the LFPs, except gamma. These differences in power changes were more obvious in static visual stimulation, but still, remarkable differences were found in dynamic stimulation, too. The largest differences were found in the alpha and beta frequency bands for static stimulation. Concerning dynamic stimulation, the differences were the biggest in the theta, alpha and beta bands.Similar to the single-cell activities, remarkable differences were found between the visually evoked LFP changes in the CN of the anaesthetized, paralyzed and awake, behaving cats. The halothane gas anaesthesia and the immobilization suppressed the significant LFP power alterations in the CN to both static and dynamic stimulation. These results suggest the priority of the application of behaving animals even in the analysis of the visually evoked low-frequency electric signals, the LFPs recorded from the CN.
Humanización
Authors: Cerón Basante Jayr Orlánder 
Published: January 2024

La humanización es un eje de capital importancia en diversos ámbitos de la vida contemporánea. Su demanda surge debido a la percepción de un resquebrajamiento ontológico y la fuerza compulsiva por el tener y el poder. Se critica la impostación líquida de la modernidad al considerar que “todo (se) vale”, incluso, a riesgo de sacrificar la moral y la ética.
La humanización comienza con el reconocimiento y el valor de la dignidad del “ser-ahí”, condición inherente que hace único al individuo, quien encarna un universo axiológico y espiritual. Profundizar sobre esta perspectiva fenomenológica, exige procesos de corrección, reparación y crecimiento en lo realmente humano para hacer frente a todas las fuerzas que intentan agredir y dañar la existencia de la persona. En efecto, la conciencia de la coexistencia es su correlativo, cuya moción tiene como principio fontal la responsabilidad no solo para con el otro, sino también con lo otro.
En lo otro se sintetiza aquella dinámica acelerada y eficientista de la cultura tecnológica, sobre todo cuando la inteligencia artificial se presenta como la máxima expresión de los anhelos y deseos inmediatos de una realidad consumista y hedonista. Por eso, se destaca la necesidad de una seria y profunda reflexión bioética para iluminar el impacto de la realidad acaecido con la presencia en auge de estos artefactos inteligentes, asimismo sus implicaciones en el orden antropológico y social, entre otros.
European narratives on social media platforms: the Italian case during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Miconi Andrea , Cannizzaro Sara , Risi Elisabetta 
Published: January 2024

We present the findings of a quali-quantitative study of public opinion concerning Europeanization on social media platforms in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemics. The study aims to investigate which narratives about Europe are published on Italian digital platform. The research is based on a content and discourse analysis of the 720 most impactful posts published by different actors on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter, between September and November, 2021. In order to assess the state of online discussions bearing the highest level of engagement during the pandemics, we took into account the actors responsible for the posts, the narratives surrounding the most relevant European issues (based on EuroBarometer polls), and the sentiment towards Europe.
Our quantitative results show that professionally-produced content is more dominant, and the main topics on the social media agenda are Health and Economy, in particular related to health measures and the social and economic restrictions imposed by the Italian government on citizens. Our qualitative results show that Europeanization constituted a leverage for populism in news and contents on Italian social media platforms. The positioning towards Europe is fluid and ambivalent (encompassing both positive and negative sentiment) in populist rhetoric, and Europeanization is manipulated for national purposes.
Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Position on Requirements, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Retzlaff Carl Orge , Das Srijita , Wayllace Christabel , Mousavi Payam , Afshari Mohammad , Yang Tianpei , Saranti Anna , Angerschmid Alessa , Taylor Matthew E. , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and especially reinforcement learning (RL) have the potential to enable agents to learn and perform tasks autonomously with superhuman performance. However, we consider RL as fundamentally a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) paradigm, even when an agent eventually performs its task autonomously.
In cases where the reward function is challenging or impossible to define, HITL approaches are considered particularly advantageous.
The application of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in systems such as ChatGPT demonstrates the effectiveness of optimizing for user experience and integrating their feedback into the training loop. In HITL RL, human input is integrated during the agent’s learning process, allowing iterative updates and fine-tuning based on human feedback, thus enhancing the agent’s performance. Since the human is an essential part of this process, we argue that human-centric approaches are the key to successful RL, a fact that has not been adequately considered in the existing literature. This paper aims to inform readers about current explainability methods in HITL RL. It also shows how the application of explainable AI (xAI) and specific improvements to existing explainability approaches can enable a better human-agent interaction in HITL RL for all types of users, whether for lay people, domain experts, or machine learning specialists.
Accounting for the workflow in HITL RL and based on software and machine learning methodologies, this article identifies four phases for human involvement for creating HITL RL systems: (1) Agent Development, (2) Agent Learning, (3) Agent Evaluation, and (4) Agent Deployment. We highlight human involvement, explanation requirements, new challenges, and goals for each phase.
We furthermore identify low-risk, high-return opportunities for explainability research in HITL RL and present long-term research goals to advance the field. Finally, we propose a vision of human-robot collaboration that allows both parties to reach their full potential and cooperate effectively.
ADM1 applications for a hybrid up-flow anaerobic sludge-filter bed reactor performance and for a batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge
Authors: Ramírez Iván 
Published: January 2024

The anaerobic digestion process comprises a whole network of sequential and parallel reactions of biochemical and physicochemical nature. Anaerobic digesters often exhibit significant stability problems that may be avoibed only through appropriate control strategies. Such strategies require, in general, developing appropriate mathematical models aiming at understanding and optimizing the anaerobic digestion process, describing these reactions in structured manner. This work reviews the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) and discusses two model applications: the anaerobic digestion of wine distillery vinasse as substrate in a 9.8-1 hybrid UASFB reactor and batch thermophilic anaerobic sigestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge. Predictions by the model using the parameters established in this study agreed well with the data measured under differents conditions tested. The resulting models explained the dynamic evolution of the main variables, in the liquid and gas phases.
Very good partial remission predicts progression-free survival in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Luchinin A. S. , Semochkin S. V. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To examine the role of very good partial response or better (VGPR+) as a surrogate predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.Materials and methods. A systematic literature review of MEDLINE database (2010–2023) and materials presented at hematology and cancer congresses (2020–2022) was performed to identify studies reporting median progressionfree survival (PFS) and the rate of very good partial response (VGPR+). The study used Spearman’s weighted correlation and linear regression methods to analyze the association between median PFS and VGPR+. A total of 34,443 patients were involved in 182 original studies that included real-world clinical practice data.Results. Based on the number of patients or year of publication, the correlation between VGPR+ and median PFS was statistically significant (Spearman coefficient r = 0.61), but low. For refractory/recurrent MM (r = 0.69) and for monoclonal antibody therapy (r = 0.81), the correlation between VGPR+ and PFS was stronger. In addition to achieving VGPR+, the line of therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation also played an important role in determining PFS. Based on these factors, an increase of one percentage point in VGPR+ predicted a 0.21‑month increase in median PFS in the final adjusted linear regression model.Conclusion. In this study, VGPR+ was found to predict PFS, making it a universal early point of reference for MM prognosis regardless of the treatment type.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Nurses About Handling AntiNeoplastic Drugs at Hiwa Hospital in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Hussain Barzan , Abdulkareem Awayi 
Published: January 2024

Background: Anti-neoplastic drugs (ANDs) are a medical therapy utilized to fight cancer. Due to the possible health risks, safe handling and occupational exposure to anti-neoplastic agents have become significant concerns for oncology nursing staff.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in handling ANDs at Hiwa Hematology/Oncology Hospital in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

Materials and Methods: A quantitative-descriptive cross-sectional design was carried out on 91 nurses working in Hiwa Hematology/Oncology Hospital from March to June 2022. A questionnaire was designed and constructed by the researcher.

Results: The findings of this study showed that the higher percentages level of nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice was 39.6%, 49.5%, and 51.6%, respectively, which indicated that the majority of participants in that hospital had a fair level of knowledge, attitude, and practice. A significant assertion was found between nurses' level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward handling ANDs with age, employment status, years of experience in handling ANDs, receiving formal training, number of working hours per week, and exposure to an ANDs side effect. In addition, a highly significant association between nurses' level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward handling ANDs (p=0.000) were found.

Conclusion: We concluded that most of the sample had fair knowledge, attitude, and practice about handling ANDs, with a highly significant association.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastro intestinal tract with special reference to immunohistochemistry markers at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mariyam Misbah , Alekhya K , Saleem S K Aamer , Pavani M 
Published: January 2024

: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are rare entity comprising ~2% of all malignancies with the gastro intestinal tract (GIT) and the lung being the most common sites. They are classified as epithelial and non epithelial based on their origin. The epithelial type arise from epithelial neuroendocrine progenitor cells and non-epithelial type are derived from the neural crest. According to the latest WHO classification 2022, NEN are categorized into neuroendocrine tumors (NET), neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN). The above-mentioned classification is possible with the help of use of immunohistochemistry neuroendocrine markers namely synaptophysin, chromogranin-A and proliferation marker as ki67. Synaptophysin is entirely sensitive, and less specific. Chromogranin A is an excellent marker to follow tumour progression and recurrence but is less useful for the diagnosis as it can be elevated for multiple reasons and is therefore nonspecific but very sensitive.: This study includes 25 cases, with study duration of 2 years including all the cases of neuroendocrine tumours of gastrointestinal tract excluding pancreas. Routine H&E staining was done followed by Immunohistochemical markers consisting of synaptophysin, chromogranin-A and ki67 markers.In our study the affected mean age was 51.8 and there was slight male predominance (1.2:1). The most common site being duodenum followed by stomach, and least affected was oesophagus. Out of total 25 cases of Neuroendocrine neoplasms, 18 cases (72% were diagnosed as NET, which were further categorized into G1 (32%), G2(28%) and G3(12%). Neuroendocrine carcinoma was seen in 04 cases (16%) and 03 cases were of MiNEN.: The GI-NETs are rare but their incidence and prevalence have been increasing. Due to the improvement and advancement in the diagnostic tools and the knowledge about these tumors has helped in diagnosing more of these tumors early and accurately. For accurate grading and pathological diagnosis. It is important to carefully evaluate hot spots for the Ki-67 index, identify areas of the highest mitotic density for mitotic count, and recognize the characteristic histological features of GI-NETS.
Liquidity and Borrowing from a Lender of Last Resort during the Crisis of 1884
Authors: Hoag Christopher 
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the relation between bank liquidity and borrowing from a lender of last resort on a high frequency basis during a financial crisis. The paper evaluates weekly observations of individual bank borrowing of clearinghouse loan certificates by a panel of New York Clearing House member banks during the crisis of 1884. Naturally, banks with higher reserve ratios borrowed lower amounts, but banks replaced a dollar of reserves with less than a dollar of borrowing from a lender of last resort.
Hubungan Karakteristik Demografi Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang COVID-19 Masyarakat Indonesia Pada Tahun Pertama Pandemi
Authors: Idamatussilmi Fina , Rukmana Fitria Yuristika Indra , Ramadhani Rr. Fauzia , Ilham Dian Maknalia , Suryaningtyas Yenni , Kuntari Titik 
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: COVID-19 adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV2 dengan keluhan utama di saluran pernapasan. Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk menekan pertambahan kasus baru setiap harinya antara lain dengan 3M dan 3T, namun masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak mematuhi protokol kesehatan tersebut. Sikap dan perilaku seseorang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain pengetahuan sehingga penelitian mengenai pengetahuan masyarakat tentang COVID-19 dan media informasi yang banyak diakses masyarakat penting untuk dilakukan untuk dapat menentukan intervensi yang lebih sesuai.
Tujuan: mengukur tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat, sumber informasi yang banyak diakses pada tahun pertama pandemi, serta hubungan karakteristik sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuisioner dalam bentuk Google Form yang dibagikan pada 12-15 Juni 2020. Kriteria inklusi subyek penelitian adalah masyarakat Indonesia tinggal di Indonesia, berusia 18 tahun ke atas, dan bukan tenaga kesehatan. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk melihat karakteristik responden, pengetahuan dan sumber informasi. Analisis bivariat dengan Chi-Square dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik dengan tingkat pengetahuan.
Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 423 responden. Sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan (71,4%), berusia 20-29 tahun (66,9%), tinggal di luar Jawa (26,7%), dan memiliki pendidikan terakhir sarjana (61,9%). Media informasi yang paling banyak diakses oleh responden adalah televisi (28%) dan pesan WhatsApp (16%). Tingkat pengetahuan COVID-19 secara keseluruhan baik (rata-rata75,64%), tetapi masih terdapat kesenjangan tingkat pengetahuan tentang gejala, cara penularan dan kelompok rentan. Jenis kelamin, usia, provinsi (tempat tinggal), tingkat pendidikan terakhir, dan pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang COVID-19.
Simpulan: Pengetahuan responden secara umum sudah baik. Meskipun demikian, masih terdapat kesenjangan pengetahuan tentang gejala, cara penularan dan kelompok yang rentan terinfeksi COVID-19. Sumber informasi utama tentang COVID-19 yang banyak diakses adalah televisi (28%). Pemerintah harus terus melakukan upaya promosi dan edukasi terutama terkait tiga materi tersebut dengan mengoptimalkan media yang banyak diakses masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Indonesia, tingkat pengetahuan
Efisiensi Kebijakan Lockdown COVID-19 Di Negara Berkembang Dan Negara Maju : Sebuah Tinjauan Naratif
Authors: Zahra Anandalia Athaya , Azhari Novi Julia , Prasetyono Thifal Zakiyyah , Atidipta Santi , Agushybana Farid , Winarni Sri Winarni , Purnami Cahya Tri 
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Penyebaran Covid-19 mulai menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain hingga penyebaran kasus semakin meluas, akibat mobilitas penduduk yang tinggi sehingga penyebaran virus tidak dapat dikendalikan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah mulai menerapkan kebijakan untuk mengendalikan penyebarannya, salah satunya dengan menerapkan pembatas kegiatan masyarakat.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penerapan kebijakan lockdown di negara maju dan berkembang.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian naratif dengan menggunakan metode literature review dengan meninjau dan menyimpulkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan Februari 2022 dengan populasi dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jurnal nasional terakreditasi sinta 1 atau 2 dan jurnal internasional. Pencarian jurnal dilakukan melalui berbagai situs jurnal seperti ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Penelitian ini membandingan negara berkembang adalah Pakistan, India, dan Vietnam dengan negara maju adalah Spanyol, Italia, dan London.
Hasil: Setiap negara memiliki kebijakan lockdown yang berbeda. Selain itu, ada juga dampak dari kebijakan lockdown yang diberlakukan.
Simpulan: Di negara berkembang, lockdown merupakan strategi pengendalian non-farmasi yang efektif, tetapi lockdown total tidak dimungkinkan karena situasi ekonomi negara tersebut, sedangkan di negara maju lockdown merupakan strategi pengendalian yang efektif, tetapi akan lebih efektif jika strategi lainnya juga dilaksanakan bersamaan dengan lockdown.

Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Kebijakan lockdown, Negara berkembang, Negara maju, Dampak
VILLALAR: GESTA BELICA Y CRISIS CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: PEÑA GONZÁLEZ JOSÉ 
Published: January 2024

Tras la reunificacion de la península después de la toma de Granada, queda pendiente la institucionalización del nuevo estado surgido por la unión personal de Isabel de Castilla y Fernando de Aragon, cuyos reinos , al morir Juan II, mantienen costumbres fueros e instituciones tradicionales manteniéndose unidos solo por el titular de la Corona. La muerte de Isabel en 1504 dejando como heredera a su hija Juana y la de Fernando en 1516 , tras su segunda regencia, nombrando heredero de sus estados patrimoniales a su nieto Carlos, dara lugar poco mas tarde a la primera crisis de la monarquia entre los años 1519 a 1523. Crisis en el mas amplio sentido de la expresión: política, económica, institucional y social. Y por supuesto constitucional. Si durante el comienzo del reinado de Isabel y hasta la batalla de Toro en 1476 el dilema político constitucional era elegir entre el modelo castellanoaragones o el castellano lusitano, con la llegado de Carlos y su toma del poder tanto en Aragon como en Castilla , la cuestión era el mantenimiento del triangulo institucional medieval (Rey-Cortes-Municipios) frente a las nuevas tendencias exigidas por la aparicion y consolidacion del Estado como forma monista del poder que se reparten Rey y nobleza. El modelo constitucional francés inspirado en Bodino y que justifica la monarquia absoluta. Frente a esta concepción de la política y el poder se alzaran los Comuneros. Su derrota marcara la Historia de España y el triunfo arrollador de Carlos