bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chasing the objective upper eyelid symmetry formula; R2, RMSE, POC, MAE and MSE
Authors: Cabuk Kubra Serefoglu , Cengiz Said Kemal , Guler Mehmet Guray , Ozturk Husna , Efe Ayse Cetin , Ulas Mehmet Goksel , Karademir Fatma Poslu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Investigate the most appropriate mathematical formula to objectively express upper eyelid contour symmetry.
Methods
62 eyes of 31 patients were included in the study. Upper eyelid contour symmetry of the patients was classified subjectively (independent of MRD1) as poor, acceptable, and good by three oculoplastic specialists (senior, expert, and junior surgeon). Bézier curves of the upper lid contour were drawn with ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MA, USA). Using the algorithms created by Author SKC in Spyder (Python 3.7.9.), the symmetry of the Bézier curves of the left eyelids were obtained according to the y-axis, and the mid-pupils of both eyes are superimposed. The lower curve moved vertically to the equal height of the other curve (to equalize MRD1’s. R2 (Coefficient of determination), RMSE (Root-mean-square error), MSE (Mean squared error), POC (Percentage of co-efficiency), and MAE (Mean absolute error) were calculated. We evaluated the correlation between these objective formulas and subjective grading of three surgoens using the Spearman’s rho (ρ).
Results
The correlation coefficient of RMSE and MSE were the same for all surgeons grading. There was a strong correlation between the senior surgeon’s subjective scoring (N; poor = 8, acceptable = 16, good = 8) and R2, RMSE, POC, MAE (ρ = 0.643, p < 0.001, ρ =-0.607, p < 0.001, ρ = 0.562, p < 0.001, ρ =-0.517, p < 0.001, respectively). We found a strong relationship between the expert surgeon’s subjective scoring (N; poor = 9, acceptable = 13, good:10) and R2 (ρ = 0.611, p < 0.001), RMSE (ρ=-0.549, p < 0.001), POC (ρ = 0.511, p < 0.001), and MAE (ρ =-0.450, p < 0.05). We found a strong correlation between junior surgeon’s subjective scoring (N; poor = 6, acceptable = 18, good = 8) and R2, RMSE, and POC (ρ:-0.517, p < 0.001; ρ:-0.470, p < 0.001; ρ: 0.521, p < 0.001; respectively) and moderate correlation between MAE (ρ:-0.394, p < 0.05). The highest correlation is observed with R2.
Conclusions
RMSE, MSE, POC, MAE, and especially R2, may quantitatively express upper eyelid symmetry, comparable with the oculoplastic surgeon. The highest correlation was observed between the senior surgeon and R2 and decreases with the experience of the surgeon.
Cell-in-cell phenomena across the tree of life
Authors: Kapsetaki Stefania E. , Cisneros Luis H. , Maley Carlo C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cells in obligately multicellular organisms by definition have aligned fitness interests, minimum conflict, and cannot reproduce independently. However, some cells eat other cells within the same body, sometimes called cell cannibalism. Such cell-in-cell events have not been thoroughly discussed in the framework of major transitions to multicellularity. We performed a systematic review of 508 articles to search for cell-in-cell events across the tree of life, the age of cell-in-cell-related genes, and whether cell-in-cell events are associated with normal multicellular development or cancer. Out of the 38 cell-in-cell-related genes found in the literature, 14 genes were over 2.2 billion years old, i.e., older than the common ancestor of some facultatively multicellular taxa. Therefore, we propose that cell-in-cell events originated before the origins of obligate multicellularity. Cell-in-cell events are found almost everywhere: across some unicellular and many multicellular organisms, mostly in malignant rather than benign tissue, and in non-neoplastic cells. Thus, our results show that cell-in-cell events exist in obligate multicellular organisms, but are not a defining feature of them. The idea of eradicating cell-in-cell events from obligate multicellular organisms as a way of treating cancer, without considering that cell-in-cell events are also part of normal development, should be abandoned.
Efficient Whole-cell Catalysis for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production Using Engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Chang Fangfang , Wang Yuheng , Zhang Jie , Tu Tao , Luo Huiying , Huang Huoqing , Bai Yingguo , Qin Xing , Wang Yaru , Yao Bin , Wang Yuan , Wang Xiaolu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that has extensive applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and chemical synthesis fields. The utilization of engineered Escherichia coli in whole-cell catalysis offers a promising approach for GABA synthesis based on the rapid reaction kinetics and reduced byproduct formation. Previously, we constructed a recombinant E. coli that efficiently converts L-glutamate (L-Glu) to GABA; however, freezing and thawing of the strain and the addition of external pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) were required. The objective of this investigation was to enhance the efficiency of GABA synthesis through E. coli genetic modifications to achieve a more streamlined production process.
Results
First, the inducible expression conditions of the gad gene were optimized to 37°C for 6 h. Next, cell permeability was improved by overexpressing sulA in E. coli, which eliminated the need for the freeze-thaw treatment during GABA production. The overexpression of pdxS and pdxT from Bacillus subtilis strain 168 resulted in an ideal engineered strain without the addition of external PLP. Thus, an efficient whole-cell biocatalytic process was optimized. The ideal isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside concentration, cellular density, and reaction temperature were 0.2 mmol/L, 15 units, and 37°C, respectively, and the substrate consisted of a 4:1 ratio of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) to L-monosodium glutamate (L-MSG). Ultimately, the optimized conditions were employed for a bioconversion procedure using whole cells in a 3 L bioreactor. The microbial strain was capable of being utilized for a minimum of two cycles with 1 mol/L substrate mixtures, thus achieving a GABA productivity of 103.1 g/L/h and a molar yield of 100.0%.
Conclusion
A whole-cell catalyst for highly efficient GABA production from a mixture of L-Glu and L-MSG was constructed by engineering E. coli, and the freeze-thaw steps and external PLP addition were not required. This research illustrates that the recently engineered strain of E. coli exhibits promise for utilization in the large-scale industrial synthesis of GABA.
First attempt of restoration of brackish marshes in Armenia and its influence on the fauna of waterbirds
Authors: Aghababyan Karen , Grigoryan Voskehat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The paper describes the process of restoration of a portion of brackish marshes in Ararat Plain of Armenia and the changes in the fauna of breeding and migratory waterbirds in this regard. During 2019, a total of 1.61 ha of brackish marshes were restored in Khor Virap Sanctuary, a candidate Emerald Site, a Ramsar Site, and an internationally stopover point, protected under the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement. Design of the wetlands was developed considering nesting and foraging requirements of various breeding and migratory waterbird species. The monitoring of the bird fauna implemented before and after the intervention (in 2017–2019 and 2020–2021), showed that the fauna of breeding birds changed from 38 to 55 species (χ2 = 32.9, p < 0.001) and the fauna of migratory species changed from 31 to 61 species (χ2 = 10.6, p < 0.001). The conservation value of the area raised as the number of species included in IUCN Red List increased from 0 to 1 for breeding birds and from 0 to 4 for migratory ones, in Red Book of Animals of Armenia – from 1 to 3 and from 5 to 19, and in Resolution 6 of Bern Convention – from 5 to 12 and from 6 to 22 respectively. The fauna of shorebirds is underrepresented, though, most probably due to lack of beach-like areas. The success of the intervention justifies continuation of wetland restoration on the rest of Khor Virap Sanctuary (on almost 50 ha) and beyond it. It is also suggested to review the design of the wetlands to make those better fitting to a wider variety of waterbirds, including waders.
WITHDRAWN: Spectral and non-spectral property of self-affine measures on ℝn
Authors: Wang WeiJie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study twofold questions regarding the spectrality and non-spectrality of the self-affine measure $\mu_{M,\mathcal{D}}$. Our result characterizes a necessary and sufficient condition on the spectrality of $\mu_{M,\mathcal{D}}$ generated by a generalized symmetric expanding integer matrix $M\in M_{n}(\mathbb{Z})$ and a non-consecutive collinear digit set $\mathcal{D}$.
For the lower triangular expanding integer matrix $M\in M_{n}(\mathbb{Z} )$ and $\mathcal{D}\subset \mathbb{Z}^{n}$, let $\mathcal{Z}_{\mathcal{D}}^{n}:=\{x\in [0,1)^{n} : m_{\mathcal{D}}(x)=0\}$ and $N_{m}^{n}=\{(\bm{r}, \bm{q})\in \mathbb{R}^{n}:\bm{r}:=(r_1,r_2,\ldots,r_{n-m})^{t}\in [0,1)^{n-m}, \bm{q}\in \mathbb{Q}^{m}\setminus \{\bm{0}\} \}$. Denote $p_{m,\mathcal{D}}$ as the positive integers which are determined by $m$ and $\mathcal{D}$ for any integer $m\geq 1$. We show that if $\gcd(\det(M), p_{m,\mathcal{D}})=1$ for $m\geq 1$ and $\emptyset\neq \mathcal{Z}_{\mathcal{D}}^{n}\subset N_{m}^{n}$, then there are at most $(p_{m,\mathcal{D}})^{m}$ mutually orthogonal exponential functions in $L^{2}(\mu_{M,D})$.
Perception of Groundnuts Leaf Disease by Neural Network with Progressive Re-Sizing
Authors: Naresh Usikela , Reddy T. Bhaskara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
India is the world's second-largest groundnut producer after Brazil. An major crop of oilseeds is groundnuts. Because of this, the crop's quality and yield have declined, which has had a detrimental effect on the agricultural economy. This is partly because the crop is more susceptible to various diseases. It is required to create more precise and reliable automated approaches to address this problem and improve the identification of groundnut leaf diseases. This article proposes a deep learning-driven approach based on a progressive scaling technique for the accurate classification and identification of groundnut leaf diseases. The five main groundnut leaf diseases that are the subject of this study are leaf spot, armyworm effect, wilts, yellow leaf, and healthy leaf. The proposed model is trained using both progressive resizing and conventional techniques, and its performance is assessed using cross-entropy loss. A fresh dataset is meticulously curated in Gujarat state, India's Saurashtra region, for training and validation. Due to the dataset's uneven sample distribution across disease categories, an extended focus loss function was used to correct this class imbalance. In order to evaluate the performance of the suggested model, a number of performance metrics are utilized, including accuracy, sensitivity, F1-score, precision, and sensitivity. Notably, the suggested model has a 96.12% success rate, which signifies a considerable increase in the disease identification accuracy. It's important to note that the model incorporating progressive resizing beats the basic neural network-based model based on cross-entropy loss, highlighting the potency of the recommended approach.
Impact of COVID 19 on the Training of Clinical Students at MRRH, Eastern Uganda
Authors: Kibuuka Ronald , Nanyombi Winnie , Makamba Abubakar , Catherine Asiimwe Winnie , Pamella Adongo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Medical education has been uniquely affected by COVID-19 either directly or through attempts to counter the spread of COVID-19 pandemic which has affected the overall physical, mental, socioeconomic and spiritual health of the people.
Objective
To determine the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the training of clinical students at MRRH in Eastern Uganda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design was used and the target populations were clinical students attached at MRRH. Simple random sampling technique was used to recruit participants in this study. Written consent was sought from study participants before enrolling them into the study. Data collection was done using an electronically generated Google form questionnaire. A link to the form was shared with the respondents via identified social media platforms like WhatsApp groups, telegram and emails and later extracted as excel spreadsheet, cleaned and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis.
Results
The study revealed that a majority of participants were between 18–25 years old (72%) and predominantly female (40%). The most pursued course was "Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery" (36%), primarily in public institutions (93%). Financial challenges were prevalent, with 70% reporting insufficient financial aid during COVID-19. While 51% believed they could pay tuition fees when schools resumed normally, 44% were uncertain. Psychologically, 73% of participants reported anxiety, with factors like gender, employment status, and academic effect playing significant roles. Notably, unemployed participants exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of anxiety (AOR: 7.3, p = 0.000). Female students were more likely to experience severe and moderate anxiety than males (38% versus 28% and 43% versus 40%, respectively).
Conclusion
The findings underscore the multifaceted impact of the pandemic on clinical students' training, encompassing financial, academic, and psychological aspects. Tailored interventions and support strategies are imperative to address the challenges faced by these students in Eastern Uganda and enhance their overall well-being.
Мониторинг эритроцитарного донорского химеризма у онкогематологических больных после трансплантации аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток
Authors: Смольникова Мария Викторовна , Бутина Е. В. , Йовдий А. В. , Попонина Е. А. , Зорина Н. А. 
Published: September 2023

Background. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a definitive therapy for patients with different oncological and hematological diseases. The study of red cell chimerism is a crucial process for diagnosing transplant engraftment and functioning during the post-transplantation period.
Aim. To assess the effect of immunohematological (АВО and HLA donor–recipient matching) and medical (conditioning regimens) parameters on the onset time of post-transplantation donor chimerism which is determined by RBC antigens.
Materials & Methods. The study enrolled 54 patients at the Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology in Russia (25 female and 29 male patients) aged 3–60 years (median 32 years). All of them received allo-HSCT in 2013–2021. Acute leukemias were identified in 39 patients, 8 patients were reported to have malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, 3 patients had myeloproliferative neoplasms, and 4 patients were diagnosed with aplastic anemia. RBC antigens of donors and recipients were analyzed by gel hemagglutination using Bio-Rad (USA) reagents and equipment.
Results. The onset time of donor chimerism depends neither on the degree of HLA donor–recipient matching, nor on conditioning regimen. Donor chimerism in recipients with major ABO-incompatibility occurs significantly later than in patients with minor АВО-incompatibility and ABO-identity.
Conclusion. Monitoring of post-transplantation donor chimerism is an important diagnostic and prognostic tool to assess donor hematopoietic cell engraftment, hematologic recovery, graft rejection, and relapse of the disease. After allo-HSCT, first donor red cells occur in pairs with major АВО-incompatibility later than in pairs with minor АВО-incompatibility or ABO antigen compatibility. Other immunohematological and medical parameters do not affect the development rate of donor chimerism determined by RBC antigens.
Подходы к лечению больных миелофиброзом и истинной полицитемией с конституциональными симптомами в условиях рутинной клинической практики в Российской Федерации: промежуточные результаты многоцентрового наблюдательного проспективного клинического исследов
Authors: Меликян Анаит Левоновна , Суборцева И. Н. , Куликов С. М. , Чабаева Ю. А. , Гилязитдинова Е. А. , Новоселов К. П. , Князева Е. А. , Егорова А. С. , Степочкин И. С. , Королева Е. В. , Сычева Т. М. , Бельгесова В. П. , Путинцева А. Ю. , Сендерова О. М. , Васильева И. В. , Комарцева Е. Ю. , Каплина А. А. , Бахтина В. И. , Михалев М. А. , Черных Ю. Б. , Паровичникова Е. Н. 
Published: September 2023

Aim. To describe the methods of drug therapy implemented for the disease control in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and myelofibrosis (MF) as well as to analyze manifestations and severity of the disease symptoms in real-world clinical practice.
Materials & Methods. The analysis focused on the data of 1229 patients. In 629 (51.18 %) patients, PV was diagnosed, MF was identified in 521 (42.39 %) patients. The diagnosis of 79 (6.43 %) patients was not reported. Early stage of primary MF (PMF) was detected in 182 (34.93 %) patients, PMF fibrosis stage was identified in 251 (48.18 %) patients, post-polycythemic MF was registered in 61 (11.71 %) patients, and 13 (2.5 %) patients showed post-thrombocythemic MF. In 14 (2.69 %) patients, MF type was not reported. By the time of diagnosis, the median age of PV patients was 56 years (range 17–86 years), and that of MF patients was 55 years (range 16–83 years) (p = 0.022). The proportion of women among PV patients was 57 %, among MF patients it was 65 % (p = 0.0065).
Results. The assessment of thrombotic complication risk in PV showed that 51.01 % (n = 302) of patients belong to the low-risk, 39.86 % (n = 236) belong to the intermediate-risk, and only 9.12 % (n = 54) of patients belong to the high-risk groups. Distribution of MF patients between risk groups demonstrates favorable prognosis for most patients. The group of low and intermediate-1 risks includes 56.43 % (n = 294) patients according to the prognostic scoring system IPSS and 68.52 % (n = 357) according to the prognostic scoring system DIPSS. In the vast majority of cases, patients received hydroxycarbamide therapy: 81.81 % (n = 832) in the total cohort, 83.33 % (n = 465) in the PV group, and 79.96 % (n = 367) in the MF group. Interferon-α was administered to 19.71 % (n = 110) of PV patients and 29.85 % (n = 137) of MF patients. Ruxolitinib was assigned to 3.14 % (n = 19) of PV patients and 21.35 % (n = 98) of MF patients.
Conclusion. Regular monitoring of the PV and MF course and treatment efficacy can provide recommendations for adequate change of therapy in case of the failure of previous treatment. It should be emphasized that the timely switch to the second-line therapy results in reduced disability and mortality among PV and MF patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
The use of a combination drug with adapalene/metronidazole for acne
Authors: Matushevskaya E. V. , Vladimirova E. V. , Matushevskaya Yu. I. 
Published: September 2023

The latest advances in the research of the effect of skin microbiome on the occurrence of acne raised the need for the development of new effective treatments for the long-term use in persistent or recurrent disease. The review presents an analysis of foreign and domestic studies on the issues of pathogenesis and treatment of acne. The latest data on the role of skin microbiome imbalance in the occurrence of acne are presented. The Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes diversity loss acts as a trigger for innate immunity activation and chronic inflammation in acne. We show the main directions in the treatment of acne based on international and Russian clinical guidelines. Today, a new solution in acne therapy lies in a multimodal approach to the impact on various links in the pathogenesis of acne to increase therapeutic efficacy, safety, and patient adherence to therapy. The place of topical fixed-dose combination drugs in the treatment of mild to moderate acne has been determined. Due to the growing resistance to antibiotics and their more limited use, it was observed that there is a need to develop new effective treatments for the long-term use. The studies showed that the fixed combination of adapalene/metronidazole is a highly effective treatment for moderate to moderately severe papulopustular acne. The comparative analysis of the use of fixed-dose combinations of adapalene/metronidazole and adapalene/clindamycin in the treatment of patients with acne revealed the comparable efficacy and good tolerability of both combinations. The findings of foreign and domestic studies have proved that the adapalene/metronidazole combination is an effective and safe drug to treat mild to moderate acne.
Efficacy of therapy with 311nm narrow-band UVB 311nm in the treatment of patients with alopecia areata associated with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tereshchenko G. P. , Potekaev N. N. , Gadzhigoroeva A. G. , Zhukova O. V. , Andreenko O. N. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among a comorbid conditions in alopecia areata (AA), that influence the risk of development, severity of AA and the immunologic profile of the perifollicular inflammatory process. Narrowband UVB-311 nm, which has been successfully used in AD, is considered as a treatment for AA with limited efficacy, but may contribute to AA regression when combined with other therapies. The anti-inflammatory effect combined with the relative safety make it relevant to study the possibility of using this method in the treatment of AA in children.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of NB-UVB 311 nm in the complex therapy of pediatric patients with coexisting diseases: AA and AD.Materials and methods. We conducted an open cohort comparative study with 49 patients 5–12 years old (mean age 7.4 ± 0.38 y.o.) with different clinical forms of AA. Group 1 included 22 patients with concomitant AD, group 2 consisted of 27 patients without AD. All patients received standard therapy of AA with topical glucocorticosteroids; patients of the first group also received a course of total NB-UVB 311 nm for the treatment of AD. The response to treatment was evaluated after 3 months and was considered as positive when hair regrowth was more than 30%.Results. In group 1 there was a significant predominance of patients who responded to treatment (77%) compared to group 2 – 48% (OR 3.7; CI [1.05;12.8] p = 0.045); the mean percentage value of SALT index in group 1 decreased by 46% from baseline values, in group 2 – by 26.6%; when comparing the groups by the percentage of alopecia regression p = 0.027.Conclusions. Combined treatment of AA including NB-UVB 311 nm, contributes to the tendency to more intensive hair regrowth. NB-UVB 311 nm can be considered as an additional option in the treatment of AA, associated with AD.