bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Bacteriophages on Energy and Nutrient Digestibility and Intestinal Microbiota of Pigs
Authors: Jo Hyunwoong , Kim Eun Bae , Han Geon Goo , Kim Beob Gyun 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this work was to measure the influence of supplemental bacteriophages (BP) on the microbiota in the small and large intestine and energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Twelve barrows with a mean body weight of 30 kg fitted with a T‐cannula at the end of ileum were individually housed in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker. A quadraplicated 3 × 2 incomplete Latin square design with 3 dietary treatments, 2 periods, and 12 animals was employed to obtain 8 observations for each treatment. The 3 experimental diets were a corn‐soybean meal‐based control diet with no antibiotic or BP, a diet supplemented with 0.1% antibiotic, and a diet supplemented with 0.2% BP. Fecal samples were collected on d 5, and ileal samples were collected on d 6 and 7 of each period. Bacterial genomic DNA were extracted from the fecal and ileal digesta samples and the V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified. Amplicons were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq, and microbial communities were analyzed by using QIIME. The ileal digestibility of crude protein tended to be less in the BP group compared with the control group (81.0% vs. 83.8%, P = 0.08), but the total tract digestibility of crude protein was not affected by supplemental antibiotic or BP. The ileal and total tract digestibility values of energy, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were unaffected by supplemental antibiotic or BP. At the phylum level, pigs fed the BP diet tended to have a greater proportion of Firmicutes (68.8% vs. 60.5%, P = 0.092) and a less proportion of Bacteroidetes (11.9% vs. 18.4%, P = 0.081) in the ileal digesta compared with those fed the control diet. At the genus level, pigs fed the BP diet tended to have a greater proportion of Lactobacillus (38.4% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.072) and a less proportion of Bacteroides (2.4% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.068) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group. In the fecal samples, dietary supplementation of antibiotic or BP resulted in a reduced proportion of Bifidobacterium compared with the control group (1.6% or 2.0% vs. 3.5%, P < 0.10). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of bacteriophages positively affected the microbiota of the small intestine without largely affecting energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by CTC Bio Incorporation and National Research Foundation of Korea.
Association Between Toenail Magnesium and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhang Jiguo , Ding Gangqiang , Wang Huijun , Wang Zhihong , Su Chang , Zhang Ji , Zhang Bing 
Published: November 2023

Previous studies have showed an inverse association between magnesium level and type 2 diabetes, but the results are inconsistent, and the evidence relates only to dietary and serum magnesium. Moreover, it is not certain how these findings are applicable to Asian people. This study was designed to examine the association between toenail magnesium and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. The sample was 5,683 adults 18 years or older from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey. We used hemoglobin A1c or greater than 6.5% as the diagnostic criterion for type 2 diabetes. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry determined toenail magnesium. Mean toenail magnesium in participants with and without type 2 diabetes was 263.0 ± 170.9 and 282.3 ± 191.9 micrograms per gram, respectively. The multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio for type 2 diabetes comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of toenail magnesium was 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.99). We found a statistically significant interaction between toenail magnesium and geographic region on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (P for interaction = 0.0086). Our findings suggest that toenail magnesium is inversely associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Promoting intake of magnesium‐rich foods may bring considerable benefits for prevention of type 2 diabetes, especially in those at high risk.Support or Funding InformationThis research uses data from the CHNS. The CHNS receives financial support from the Carolina Population Center (5 R24 HD050924), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01‐HD30880, DK056350, and R01‐HD38700); and the Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709 and 5D43TW009077) for data collection and analysis of files from 1989 to 2011 and future surveys; and the China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, for CHNS 2009.
Nutriet Composition of Complementary Food Formulated From Millet, Maize, Plantain and Soybean
Authors: Adeoso Abiodun Olaitan , Oyebamiji Olufunke Layo 
Published: November 2023

Formulation of complementary diets is an alternative to ready‐made canned foods from local available staples to cut cost and improve nutritional status of the Nigerian child. Dried ground flours from plantain and processed soybean were mixed with either roasted ground millet or maize flours to formulate two Blends‐A (maize only) and B‐(millet only) both at ratio 10: 30: 60. Another blend mixed at ratio 10: 30:30:30 named C from the four composite flours were also prepared. The blends were prepared into porridges for sensory evaluation thereafter. The crude fibre contents of processed soya bean, millet, maize and plantain were 4.75%, 8.5%, 6.0%, and 8.75% respectively. Ash content was 2.37%, 1.13%, 0.80% and 2.5% respectively following the sequence above. Crude protein in soybean was highest with 9.50%, millet 8.55%, maize 8.50% and plantain 4.50%. Crude fat was highest in soybean with 25.13%, 7.0% in millet, 7.5% in plantain and lowest in maize 5.75%. Six of the ten students who evaluated the porridges made from the three blends found blend B most acceptable. This they attributed to the malty taste of blend B which has a higher volume of millet because of its unusual taste, thickness and color. The blends can therefore be used as complementary foods to improve the nutritional status of children and as a substitute for common traditional pap made solely from maize.INTRODUCTIONProtein‐Energy‐Malnutrition is one of the major threat to child development globally. In Nigeria, according to the 10 years retrospective review carried at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, 1 out of every 35 children suffer from malnutrition. This unfortunate trend in a land flowing with milk and honey like ours is due to ignorance mainly as so many mothers believe that only “canned” foods can do the infant good. Although many works has been done on complementary foods, but the general acceptability is low till dateOBJECTIVEThe quest to use locally produced staples in the production of complementary foods that are cheaper than the commercially available ones and at the same time nutritious gave birth to this work.COMPOSITE FLOUR FORMULATIONThree blends of composite were formulated as follows.

Plantain, soybean and maize (10:30:60). (Blend A)
Plantain, soybean and millet (10:30:60). (Blend B)
Plantain, soybean and maize and millet (10:30:30:30). (Blend C)
Ensuring All Infants Have Access to Human Milk: A Systematic Approach for Establishing Sustainable and Integrated Human Milk Banking Programs
Authors: Amundson Kimberly , Sachdeva Ruchika , Quynh Nga Nguyen , Muiruri Juliana , Israel‐Ballard Kiersten 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundHuman milk is a pillar for infant survival, and when mother's own milk is unavailable or insufficient for low‐birth, preterm infants donor human milk processed and screened by a human milk bank (HMB) is the next best option; yet guidance for the introduction of HMBs as a critical component within breastfeeding promotion programming is especially limited for low and middle income countries.ObjectiveTo ensure sustainability by systematically strengthening systems for establishing HMB programs as an integrated approach so all infants have access to quality and safe human milk.MethodsWe developed a systematic approach for the introduction of integrated human milk banking globally, specifically in low and middle income settings. The first step involves establishing ownership through conducting formative assessments, establishing learning exchange opportunities with other HMB programs globally, hosting stakeholder meetings, and developing country‐specific strategy and guidance integrated into maternal and newborn care practices. The second step involves operationalizing an adapted system through a pilot introduction of an integrated HMB with quality control systems, and breastfeeding promotion and communications activities, all tailored for the local context. The third step involves evaluation of impact and cost of the implemented model for informing future implementation at scale. At each of these steps, engagement of local policy makers is essential for ensuring ownership and effective adoption into the health system.ResultsBy building local technical capacity, operationalizing HMBs locally, and evaluating systems, local ownership is ensured for the prioritization of human milk for all infants. This methodology for strengthening HMB systems has been implemented in South Africa, and is ongoing in India, Vietnam, and Kenya. In each setting local governments have demonstrated ownership, working to adopt HMBs into the health system.ConclusionsWhere the burden of preterm and low‐birthweight are most prevalent, as is the case in low and middle‐income countries, integrated HMB systems, supported by the government, are essential for ensuring that all infants receive human milk. Further guidance and tools adaptable to setting‐specific needs is needed for implementation, integration, and regulation, and ultimate scale‐up of HMB programs globally to ensure that all infants have access to life‐saving human milk.Support or Funding InformationThe Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation financially supported the human milk banking implementation work in South Africa and India. Department for International Development, United Kingdom, through the County Innovation Challenge Fund, is financially supporting the human milk banking work in Kenya. The Margaret A. Cargill Foundation is financially supporting the human milk banking work in Vietnam and India.
Rationale and design of theory‐based nutritional strategy to promote healthy dietary habits in severe obese adolescents: Study protocol for ICAAN (Intervention for childhood and adolescent obesity via activity and nutrition) project
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Jang Han Byul , Lee Hye‐Ja , Park Sang Ick , Kim YoonMyung , Seo Young‐gyun , Park Kyung‐Hee , Lim Hyunjung 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundBehavioral modification on healthy eating and lifestyle is required to improve metabolically healthy status in severe obese child and adolescents. We aimed to develop tailored nutritional education programs to find barriers on dietary and lifestyle for severe obese adolescents and their caregivers.MethodsFocused on theoretical framework approaches are effective to change behavior and achieve goals. To develop four monthly contents, social cognitive theory and transtheoretical model were applied to this program. All sessions were designed to give nutritional knowledge and practical mission in a real life for individual goal setting and self‐control. In the 1st and 2nd sessions, my meal planning and portion control were emphasized based on five food groups for diet and health outcome expectations. The 3rd and 4th sessions were build up skills to choose healthy snacks and cook with fruit and vegetables. 103 participants aged 8 to 16 years will be participated in a 16 week intervention program. During the each sessions, the participants and their family will be interviewed by nutritional expert for further tailored nutritional education and counselling.ResultsEach 20‐min individual face to face nutritional education and counselling will be offered every month for the participants and their parents; monthly phone contact and txt message for social support and online food recipe to emphasize having breakfast and vegetable and fruit consumption. Following as the monthly contents, individual dietary goal setting will be attained by every participants with their family. Promoting healthy eating practices resources; an educational book, practice posters, food diaries and a water bottle will be provided to all intervention participants to motivate healthy lifestyle behaviors.DiscussionThis nutritional intervention program might be assist to implement further researches in severe obese adolescents' population.Support or Funding InformationPreparation of this article was supported by Grant 2015‐ER6401‐00 from the Division of Metabolic disease, Center for Biomedical science, Korea National Institute of Health.
Energy intake fluctuations during Muslim holiday season
Authors: Tutumlu Hazal , Goktas Zeynep 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionRecent studies demonstrated that majority of annual weight gain occurs during short periods of time such as holidays. Assessing the critical time periods that predominantly contribute to annual weight gain could provide essential information to fight against obesity. There are some studies evaluating the Christian holiday season but there is not enough data for showing the effect of Muslim holiday season on body weight.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study to assess the energy intake fluctuations during Muslim holiday season of sedentary and physically active adults.MethodsA total of 63 adults aged between 19 to 64 years participated in the study. Subjects were evaluated 5 times at following periods; before Ramadan (May 2016), during Ramadan, during Eid Al Fitr, after Ramadan and during Eid Al Adha (September 2016). Anthropometric measurements were collected using bioelectrical impedance analysis. During these measurements subjects were instructed to be fasted for at least 4 hours prior to testing. Nutritional evaluation carried out using 3‐day food records. Twenty‐four hour physical activity records are also collected to assess physical activity level. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsA total of 39 female and 24 male subjects participated in the study. 47.6% of the subjects were physically active and carrying out regular exercise at least 3 days in a week whereas 52.4% of the subjects were sedentary. For the sedentary group, energy intake levels showed a significant increase from before Ramadan to during Ramadan (p < 0.05), whereas physical active group showed no change during this time period. Both groups showed an increase in energy intake during Eid Al Fitr and both groups showed a decrease in energy intake after Ramadan (p < 0.05). This decrease was followed by a significant energy intake increase during Eid Al Adha for both groups (p < 0.05). Energy intake levels were significantly increased between the baseline visit and the last visit for both groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionBoth sedentary and physically active adults seem to increase energy intake during Muslim holiday season.
Targeting the Protein‐Protein Interaction between Gαh and PLCδ1 Prevents Metastatic Progression in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lin Yuan‐Feng , Huang Shang‐Pen , Chen Chi‐Long 
Published: November 2023

The distant metastasis of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) to other organs, e.g. lung, has been correlated with poor survival rates in breast cancer patients. Therefore, the identification of useful drug‐targets to prevent metastasis or even inhibit tumor growth of TNBC is urgently needed. Here we showed that the increased level of cytosol, not extracellular, Gah is a poor prognostic marker in breast cancer patients and correlates with the metastatic evolution in TNBC cells. Moreover, the G protein, not transamidating, activity of Gαh was appeared to be critical for promoting the metastatic potentials of TNBC cells. We further showed that the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) between Gαh and PLCδ1 plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular invasion ability of TNBC cells and the signature of combining high Gαh/PLCδ1 levels refers to a worse prognosis in clinical patients with breast cancer and correlates with lymph node metastasis of ER(−) breast cancer. Our data revealed that blocking the PPI of Gαh/PLCδ1 complex by the synthetically myristoylated PLCδ1 peptide corresponding to the Gαh‐binding interface appears to significantly suppress cellular invasiveness in vitro and inhibit in vivo lung‐metastatic colonies of TNBC cells. This report establishes Gαh/PLCδ1 as a poor prognosis factor in breast cancer patients and provides a therapeutic value of targeting the PPI of Gαh/PLCδ1 complex for combating the metastatic progression of TNBCs.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 104‐2320‐B‐038‐061‐MY3) and Taipei Medical University (TMU103‐AE1‐B13) to Dr. Yuan‐Feng Lin.
NOS1 and SOC1 work as a switch of macrophage functional phenotypes
Authors: Blajszczak Chuck , He Chenxia , Gantner Benjamin N , Bonini Marcelo 
Published: November 2023

Nitric oxide synthases are enzymes involved in the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L‐arginine. NO is an important molecule with critical roles in signaling including inflammatory signaling. We found that differently than other isoforms, NOS1 (neuronal NOS or nNOS) is unique in the sense it promotes inflammation. We have uncovered that NOS1 is actually essential to start and amplify inflammation. This is because we demonstrated that in contrast to the enhanced susceptibility of NOS2−/− and NOS3−/− mice to inflammatory stimuli (i.e. LPS), NOS1−/− mice are, in fact, resistant both in terms of lethality and tissue injury. We also show that NOS1 deficiency not only attenuates TLR4‐stimulated pro‐inflammatory cytokine production but it also switches cytokine profiles from pro‐ to anti‐inflammation in macrophages. We found that this is because NOS1 inhibits SOCS1 which normally degrades p65 inhibiting the master regulator of inflammation NF‐κB (p65/p50 heterodimer). Hence, the suppression of NOS1 activates SOCS1 leading to the degradation of NFkB p65/p50 (inflammatory configuration) and the accumulation of p50/p50 (anti‐inflammatory configuration). Moreover we show here that the transplant of NOS1−/− macrophages which assume an anti‐inflammatory phenotype corrects exaggerated inflammation in vivo. Mechanisms will be discussed.Support or Funding InformationNA
Exploiting ROS‐Generating Mechanisms for IFN‐g Therapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shahrokh Soroush , Makhov Peter B 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundRenal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal urologic cancer and accounts for 2%–3% of adult malignancies. While significant advances in its treatment have been achieved in recent decades, metastatic RCC remains an essentially incurable disease. IFN‐g therapy initially showed promise in treating metastatic RCC, but the interest in its use subsided due to the resistance developed by the RCC cells against IFN‐g treatment and a lack of understanding about its mechanism of action. One major factor responsible for RCC resistance to IFN‐g treatment is Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF‐kB), which has been shown to be activated by IFN‐g treatment. Therefore, the need for the use of safe NF‐κB inhibitors is deemed necessary along with the use of IFN‐g.PurposeTo explore the anti‐tumor efficacy of IFN‐γ in combination with Piperlongumine (PL), a potent natural NF‐kB inhibitor, and elucidate the mechanism by which PL sensitizes RCC cells to IFN‐g mediated apoptosis.MethodsTo measure NF‐kB activity, we used Luciferase Reporter Assay. To measure gene expression of TNF‐Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐a induced by IFN‐g and/or PL treatment, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). To measure the level of cell apoptosis induced by IFN‐g and/or PL, we used Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. To determine the level of protein expression as the result of IFN‐g and/or PL treatment, we used Western Blotting.ResultsWe found that IFN‐g mediates apoptosis through up‐regulating the expression of TRAIL and TNF‐a death ligands. Additionally, we found that PL mediates the suppression of NF‐kB activation though an elevation of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels in RCC cells.ConclusionsOur results indicate that PL limits RCC resistance to IFN‐g treatment, potentially opening a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of metastatic RCC.
Differential Effects of sEH Inhibitors on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration
Authors: Kim Hyo Seon , Kang Keon Wook 
Published: November 2023

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), an arachidonic acid metabolite, is known to have anti‐inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. EET is metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET). Neointimal hyperplasia results from atypical proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which leads to vascular diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Our study aim is to assess the potential role of sEH inhibitors on proliferation and migration of VSMCs.sEH inhibitor AUDA (12‐[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec‐1‐ylamino)carbonyl]amino]‐dodecanoic acid) and CDU (NCND, N‐Cyclohexyl‐N′‐dodecylurea) inhibited platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐induced proliferation of rat VSMCs. Nrf2 activation and subsequent heme‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) induction are reported to attenuate neointima formation. AUDA decreased Keap1 expression while increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation in VSMCs. Also, in higher concentrations (above 10 μg/mL) AUDA induced HO‐1 expression. Our lab previously reported peptidyl/prolyl isomerase Pin1 upregulation in neointima lesions of the femoral artery. Pin1 overexpression inhibited HO‐1 expression as well as Nrf2/anti‐oxidant response element (ARE) pathway in VSMCs. In accordance with it, AUDA concentration‐dependently inhibited PDGF‐induced Pin1 expression. However, exogenous EET had little effect on HO‐1 and Pin1 expression or VSMC proliferation. Thus, sEH inhibitors regulate VSMC proliferation by HO‐1 induction and Pin1 suppression, which is possibly irrelevant to EET stabilization.On the other hand, AUDA increased PDGF‐induced migration of VSMCs. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) metabolizes arachidonic acid to thromboxanes and prostaglandins, some of which are known to promote VSMC migration. sEH inhibitors AUDA and CDU increased PDGF‐induced COX‐2 expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. Further, AUDA increased PDGF‐induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion, which was attenuated by co‐treatment with COX‐2 selective inhibitor celecoxib. Also, celecoxib significantly inhibited the enhancement of PDGF‐induced VSMC migration by AUDA. However, celecoxib did not alter the effect of AUDA on PDGF‐induced proliferation, indicating COX‐2 specifically induces VSMC migration. When treated with AUDA, PGE2 receptor EP antagonists AH6809 and L‐161,982 did not affect PDGF‐induced VSMC migration, while thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor TP antagonist ICI192,605 and PGI2 receptor IP antagonist CAY10441 significantly suppressed it. However, CAY10441 reduced PDGF‐induced VSMC migration even without AUDA, implying its effect might be nonspecific. Therefore, enhanced PDGF‐induced migration by AUDA may be attributable to COX‐2‐meidated TXA2 formation.In conclusion, sEH inhibitors have differential effects on PDGF‐induced VSMC proliferation and migration; inhibition of PDGF‐induced VSMC proliferation via Pin1 inhibition and potentiation of PDGF‐induced VSMC migration via COX‐2 induction and subsequent TXA2 production.