bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tear film breakup times in young healthy cats before and after anesthesia
Authors: Cullen Cheryl L. , Lim Christine , Sykes John 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe objectives of this study were: (i) to determine tear film breakup times (BUTs) in young healthy cats; (ii) to determine tear film BUTs in feline eyes within 8–20 h following general anesthesia; (iii) to determine if tear film BUTs vary significantly preoperatively when compared with values obtained 8–20 h postoperatively; (iv) to determine if Schirmer tear test (STT) values correlate with tear film BUTs in young healthy cats; and (v) to determine if the isolation of particular etiologic agents from conjunctival swabs of healthy cats affects tear film BUTs. We studied eighteen healthy Domestic Short‐haired (n = 14) and Domestic Long‐haired (n = 4) cats, with normal ocular examinations, ranging in age from 0.5 to 3 years. Complete ophthalmic examinations, including tear film BUTs, were performed on all cats. Conjunctival swabs from each eye of all cats and blood samples from all cats were collected and submitted for polymerase chain reaction screening for feline herpes virus,Chlamydophila felis,Mycoplasmaspp., and calicivirus. In 10 of 18 cats, STT values and tear film BUTs were measured before general anesthesia was administered and again within 8–20 h following the end of anesthesia. Mean preanesthesia tear film BUTs for all 18 cats were 17.4 ± 4.6 s OD and 16.0 ± 4.5 s OS. Mean postanesthesia tear film BUT results were 12.5 ± 4.3 and 13.1 ± 4.0 s OD and OS, respectively. Postanesthesia tear film BUTs were significantly more rapid than those measured before anesthesia (OD only). There was also a positive correlation, both before and after anesthesia, between STT values in both eyes (OU) and tear film BUTs OU. The isolation or lack of isolation of conjunctival microorganisms using PCR did not significantly affect tear film BUTs. Mean tear film BUT in young healthy domestic cats is 16.7 ± 4.5 s. Tear BUT is positively correlated with STT values. Although mean tear film BUTs OD at 8–20 h following anesthesia were more rapid than preanesthesia values, this difference did not appear clinically relevant.
Primary invasive ocular squamous cell carcinoma in a horse
Authors: Kaps Simone , Richter Marianne , Philipp Martin , Bart Madeleine , Eule Corinna , Spiess Bernhard M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA 12‐year‐old Haflinger gelding was presented to the veterinary medical teaching hospital of the University of Zurich with a light‐pink raised mass on the temporal limbus and conjunctiva of the left eye. Squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed histologically after keratectomy and cryotherapy. Seven months later, a smooth pink, progressively enlarging mass was observed within the cornea of the left eye. Ultrasonographically, the mass was not only infiltrating the corneal stroma but seemed to protrude into the anterior chamber. The globe was surgically removed and submitted for pathology. A histologic diagnosis of corneal ocular squamous cell carcinoma with deep stromal invasion, infiltration of the uveoscleral meshwork and iridocorneal angle and resulting intraocular extension was made. This is the first detailed description of a limbal squamous cell carcinoma with invasion into the cornea and uvea in the horse.
Inheritance of cataract in the Bichon Frise
Authors: Wallace M. R. , MacKay E. O. , Gelatt K. N. , Andrew Stacy E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective  To determine the mode of inheritance of cataract formation in the Bichon Frise.Materials  Thirty‐six closely related Bichon Frise dogs in a pedigree of 61 dogs were examined using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy over a period of 10 years.Results  Of the 61 related dogs, 36 were examined repeatedly. Twelve cataractous dogs were diagnosed (three males and nine females). Cataractous dogs resulted from matings between unaffected parents, and when one parent was cataractous and the other parent was unaffected. Age at onset of cataract formation ranged from 18 to 160 months. Available information suggests that the cataracts are inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.Conclusion  Cataracts appear inherited in the Bichon Frise as an autosomal recessive trait. Additional cataract × cataract matings are necessary to confirm the autosomal recessive heredity.
Effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on the frequency, days to recurrence and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis
Authors: Rohrbach Barton W. , Ward Daniel A. , Hendrix Diane V. H. , Cawrse‐Foss Margaret , Moyers Tammy D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective To evaluate the effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on frequency and days to recurrence of uveitis and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU).Animals Forty‐one horses with ERU.Procedure Horses were randomly assigned to experimental (vaccinated) or control groups. Vaccine containing six serovars ofLeptospiraor placebo was administered, an ophthalmic examination performed and blood samples drawn on days 0, 28, 180 and 365. Antibody titers were measured against each serovar. Recurrence of uveitis was verified by ophthalmic examination. Results of the initial and final ophthalmic examinations were compared and progression of disease defined as an increase in extent of synechiae, or development of new or progression of an existing cataract.Results Vaccination increased the average geometric mean serum antibody titer from 225 on day 0, to 4077 and 593 on days 28 and 180, respectively. After the second vaccination, days to first recurrence was significantly longer (median 126 days; range 24–231 days) when compared with controls (median 86 days; range 14–192 days,P = 0.04). Recurrence of ERU was observed among 7/20 (35%) vaccinated horses and 12/21 (57%) controls; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.061, OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06, 1.07). More horses in the experimental group 13/20 (65%) experienced progression of disease when compared with controls 12/21(57%); however, this difference was statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.35).Conclusions Vaccine significantly increased days to recurrence, but failed to slow the progression of disease. These data do not support the use of vaccination against leptospirosis as adjunct therapy for the routine treatment of horses with ERU.
Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin aqueous humor concentrations after topical administration in dogs undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Yu‐Speight Audrey W. , Kern Thomas J. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective To determine if preoperative topical administration of ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin results in aqueous humor drug concentrations that exceed the MIC90of common ocular contaminants in dogs undergoing cataract surgery.Procedures Twelve dogs were treated with topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin and 13 dogs with topical 0.3% ofloxacin once the night before surgery, and then with 1 drop of ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin every 15 min for 2 h immediately before surgery. Aqueous humor samples were taken from each eye immediately before the incision was made and frozen at −70 °C. First eye samples (S1) were taken closer to the time of topical treatments than second eye samples (S2). Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Clinical Pharmacology laboratory.Results In ciprofloxacin patients, S1 concentrations were 0.03–0.69 (0.17 median) µg/mL, and S2 concentrations were 0.09–0.95 (0.36 median) µg/mL. Aqueous humor concentrations did not exceed the MIC90ofStreptococcussp. Few eyes (1/12 OU) exceeded the MIC90forStaphylococcussp. orCorynebacteriumsp.; moderate numbers (5/12 S1; 8/12 S2) exceeded the MIC90forE. coli. In ofloxacin patients, S1 concentrations were 0.48–2.81 (1.05 median) µg/mL, and S2 concentrations were 0.45–3.63 (1.30 median) µg/mL. Although few eyes (≤ 2/13 OU) exceeded the MIC90forStreptococcussp. orCorynebacteriumsp., moderate numbers (7/13 S1, 9/13 S2) exceeded the MIC90forStaphylococcussp. and most eyes (12/13 OU) exceeded the MIC90forBacillussp. All eyes exceeded the MIC90forE. coli.Conclusions Ofloxacin has higher corneal penetration and ability to exceed MIC90of common ocular contaminants than ciprofloxacin, and would be a more appropriate prophylactic choice for canine cataract patients.
Ectopic cilium in seven horses
Authors: Hurn Simon , Turner Andrew , Cowan Christina Mc 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEctopic cilium was diagnosed by slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and treated surgically by transconjunctival excision in seven adult horses. All cases presented with a common history of blepharospasm, ocular discharge and keratitis. Ophthalmic examination revealed a single translucent cilium in the upper eyelid palpebral conjunctiva, emerging approximately 5 mm from the eyelid margin. Corneal ulceration was not observed in any horse. Most horses responded well to transconjunctival surgical excision. There was recurrence of ectopic cilium 6 weeks postoperatively in one horse. Histopathologic examination was performed in two cases and confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic cilium in one horse. This is the first publication of ectopic cilia in horses and emphasizes their importance as etiology for epiphora, blepharospasm and keratitis.
Amniotic membrane transplantation for the reconstruction of the ocular surface in three cases
Authors: Barros Paulo S. M. , Safatle Angélica M. V. , Godoy Cíntia A. , Souza Mirian S. B. , Barros Luiz F. M. , Brooks Dennis E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the use of amniotic membrane in the reconstructive surgical repair of generalized keratomalacia, ankyloblepharon, and after fibrous histiocytoma removal in two dogs and a cat. Case 1 was an 11‐year‐old female Yorkshire terrier with severe bullous keratomalacia in the left eye (OS). A frozen canine amniotic membrane graft and a third eyelid flap were applied. At day 80 postoperatively, only a mild scar and corneal vascularization were present. Case 2 was a 4‐year‐old female Siamese cat with symblepharon of both eyes after rhinotracheitis. Resection of the conjunctiva and frozen canine amniotic membrane transplant were performed. One month later, there was a little corneal scarring and corneal vascularization. Case 3 was a 6‐year‐old female terrier with a scleral and corneal mass at the 11–12 o’clock position (OS). Resection of the mass and amniotic membrane transplantation were performed. The mass was a fibrous histiocytoma localized to the sclera and cornea. This eye healed with mild conjunctivalization and no pigmentation. Amniotic membrane transplantation can be used as a method of reconstruction of the ocular surface with good repair of the cornea and minimal scarring in small animals.
Tear urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in horse and their correlation with serum values
Authors: Zapata Gustavo L. , Britos Roberto M. , Pintos Maria E. , Dreizzen Eduardo , Lausada Nélida B. , Arauz Sandra 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to determine the physiological values of urea nitrogen and creatinine in tears, and to compare the results with those obtained from serum. Thirty healthy thoroughbred horses were included in the study. Tear fluid samples were obtained using a glass capillary tube placed in lower conjunctival cul‐de‐sac. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. Tear and serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were quantitatively analyzed by an enzymatic colorimetric method. Urea nitrogen values were 4.22 ± 1.84 mmol/l in tears and 4.44 ± 1.78 mmol/l in serum, whereas creatinine values in tears were 14.14 ± 7.74 µmol/l and in serum 147.63 ± 12.17 µmol/l. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant correlation between serum and tear urea levels (P < 0001). However, there was no significant correlation between blood and tear creatinine values. Mean value of creatinine obtained from tears was 9.6% of the mean value from serum. Urea nitrogen and creatinine levels can be measured in tears. A significant correlation was found between serum and tears urea levels. This finding may permit development of a new alternative laboratory diagnosis of uremia based on the content of urea in tears.
Nephropathy, but not retinopathy, is associated with the development of heart disease in Type 1 diabetes: a 12‐year observation study of 462 patients
Authors: Torffvit O. , Lövestam‐Adrian M. , Agardh E. , Agardh C.‐D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  To study the occurrence of heart disease and death in Type 1 diabetic patients and evaluate whether presence of microangiopathy, i.e. nephropathy and retinopathy, was associated with the outcome.Methods  A 12‐year observation study of 462 Type 1 diabetic patients without a previous history of heart disease at baseline who were treated under routine care in a hospital out‐patient clinic.Results  A total of 85 patients developed signs of heart disease, i.e. myocardial infarction (n = 41), angina (n = 23), and heart failure (n = 17) and 56 patients died. The mortality for patients without signs of heart disease during the observation period was 7.6% compared with 51% in patients with myocardial infarction (P < 0.001), 26% in patients with angina (P < 0.01) and 65% in patients with heart failure (P < 0.001). The relative risk for death was 9.0 (P < 0.001) and 2.5 (P < 0.05) times higher in patients with macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, respectively. The risk for cardiovascular death was 18.3 times (P < 0.001) higher in patients with macroalbuminuria compared with patients with normoalbuminuria. In patients with sight‐threatening retinopathy, the relative risk for death was 7.0 times higher (P < 0.01) and the risk for coronary heart disease events 4.4 times higher (P < 0.05) compared with patients with no retinopathy. However, when retinopathy was adjusted for presence of macroalbuminuria, this association disappeared.Conclusion  This study shows a high incidence of heart disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes. The worse prognosis was seen in patients with sight‐threatening retinopathy and macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria at baseline. Macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria were independently associated with a high risk for heart disease and death while the association with sight‐threatening retinopathy only occurred in the presence of nephropathy.
The contribution of nitric oxide and vasodilatory prostanoids to bradykinin‐mediated vasodilation in Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wotherspoon F. , Browne D. L. , Meeking D. R. , Allard S. E. , Munday L. J. , Shaw K. M. , Cummings M. H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  To investigate the effect of bradykinin on endothelial tone in normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic patients and specifically whether any changes are mediated through nitric oxide or prostaglandins.Methods  Forearm blood flow was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography at baseline and after brachial artery infusions of incremental doses of bradykinin (50, 100 and 200 ng/min) in 15 patients with Type 1 diabetes and 13 non‐diabetic controls. Forearm blood flow at baseline and following bradykinin was then re‐examined after local infusion of l‐NMMA, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and l‐NMMA with indomethacin, a cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor.Results  Baseline blood flow in the diabetic and control groups were similar (4.46 ± 1.11 vs. 3.41 ± 1.23 ml/min/100 ml, respectively; P = 0.07). After infusion of l‐NMMA and l‐NMMA with indomethacin, there was a similar reduction in blood flow responses to bradykinin in both groups. There was no significant difference between the diabetic patients and control subjects in the percentage reduction in forearm blood flow following l‐NMMA (16.55 vs. 18.12%, respectively, P = 0.94) and l‐NMMA with indomethacin (47.1 vs. 37.3%, respectively, P = 0.14).Conclusions  This study demonstrates that bradykinin‐stimulated vasodilation is mediated by both nitric oxide and prostaglandin release from the endothelium in patients with Type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria, and in healthy control subjects. We have also shown that the relative contributions of nitric oxide and prostaglandin to bradykinin‐mediated vasodilation are similar in these diabetic patients compared with non‐diabetic subjects.
Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in Type 1 and insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes: a population‐based study
Authors: Donnelly L. A. , Morris A. D. , Frier B. M. , Ellis J. D. , Donnan P. T. , Durrant R. , Band M. M. , Reekie G. , Leese G. P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  To ascertain the frequency and identify predictors of self‐reported hypoglycaemia in Type 1 and insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes.Methods  A random sample of 267 people with insulin‐treated diabetes were recruited from a population‐based diabetes register in Tayside, Scotland. Each subject prospectively recorded the number of mild and severe hypoglycaemic episodes experienced over a 1‐month period. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of hypoglycaemia.Results  Five hundred and seventy‐two hypoglycaemic events were reported by 155 patients. The participants with Type 1 diabetes had a total of 336 hypoglycaemic events with a rate of 42.89 events per patient per year. Of these, nine were severe hypoglycaemic events, with a rate of 1.15 events per patient per year. Participants with insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes experienced a total of 236 hypoglycaemic events with a rate of 16.37 events per patient per year. Of these, five were severe hypoglycaemic events, which would be equivalent to 0.35 events per patient per year. Predictors of hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes were a history of previous hypoglycaemia (P = 0.006) and co‐prescribing of any oral drug (P = 0.048). In patients with insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes, a history of previous hypoglycaemia (P < 0.0001) and duration of insulin treatment (P = 0.014) were significant predictors.Conclusion  The incidence of self‐reported severe hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes is lower than in Type 1 diabetes but does occur more often than previously reported and with sufficient frequency to cause significant morbidity. Duration of insulin treatment is a key predictor of hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes.
Endothelial function, insulin action and cardiovascular risk factors in young healthy adult offspring of parents with Type 2 diabetes: effect of vitamin E in a randomized double‐blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: McSorley P. T. , Bell P. M. , Young I. S. , Atkinson A. B. , Sheridan B. , Fee J. P. H. , McCance D. R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground and aims  Endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance and oxidative stress are believed to be central and associated mechanisms in atherogenesis. We aimed to determine the effect of the antioxidant vitamin E on endothelial function, insulin action and cardiovascular risk markers in young healthy adult offspring of parents with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  Healthy, glucose‐tolerant adults (18–38 years), 14 (12 male/2 female) with at least one parent with Type 2 diabetes, and 14 (12 male/2 female) subjects with no family history of diabetes (controls) were studied. Insulin action was assessed by euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (1 mU/kg/min). Endothelial function was assessed by forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to intra‐brachial artery infusions of acetylcholine (ACh) (endothelium‐dependent vasodilation), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (endothelium‐independent vasodilation) and NG‐monomethyl l‐arginine (LNMMA) (nitric oxide synthase inhibition). Thirteen offspring (18–38 years, 11 male/2 female, BMI < 30 kg/m2) completed a randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial (12 weeks vitamin E 800 IU/day or placebo, 6‐week washout).Results  Exogenous glucose infusion rates to maintain euglycaemia were positively associated with response to acetylcholine in offspring (r = 0.61, P < 0.05), and were linked with triglycerides. Vitamin E had no effect on endothelial function, insulin action or cardiovascular risk markers in healthy adult offspring of parents with Type 2 diabetes.Conclusions  Our results support a positive association between insulin action and endothelial‐dependent vasodilation in young healthy adult offspring of parents with Type 2 diabetes, but indicate no effect of vitamin E on these parameters.
Calcaneal bone mineral density in patients with Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy: differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Petrova N. L. , Foster A. V. M. , Edmonds M. E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  To measure bone density and neuropathy in both feet in Type 1 and Type 2 patients with unilateral Charcot osteoarthropathy and controls.Methods  Calcaneal bone density, temperature and vibration thresholds were compared between 17 Type 1 diabetic patients with osteoarthropathy and 47 Type 1 controls and between 18 Type 2 diabetic patients and 48 Type 2 controls. As well as the Charcot foot, the non‐Charcot foot was studied to assess osteopenia at onset of osteoarthropathy.Results  In Type 1 diabetes, bone density was reduced in the non‐Charcot foot compared with controls [Z‐score: −1.7 ({−1.9}–{−1.4}) vs. −0.2 ({−1.1}–{0.5}), P < 0.0001, median (interquartile range)]; but not in Type 2 diabetes [Z‐score: 0.15 ({−0.45}–{0.85}) vs. 0.3 ({−0.5}–{0.9}), P = 0.675]. Bone density in the Charcot foot was lower compared with the non‐Charcot foot in both Type 1 [Z‐score: −2.0 ({−2.8}–{−1.4}) vs. −1.7 ({−1.9}–{−1.4}), P = 0.018] and Type 2 diabetes [Z‐score: −0.2 ({−1.4}–{0.1}) vs. 0.3 ({−0.5}–{0.9}), P = 0.001]. In Type 1 diabetes, bone density of the non‐Charcot foot was reduced compared with that in Type 2 (P < 0.0001). Body mass index was lower in Type 1 than in Type 2 Charcot patients (P = 0.007). Type 2 patients had high temperature (P = 0.001) and vibration thresholds (P < 0.0001) in the non‐Charcot foot compared with Type 2 controls whereas Type 1 patients had a high temperature threshold (P = 0.01) but not vibration threshold compared with Type 1 controls (P = 0.077).Conclusion  Bone density was reduced in the non‐Charcot foot in Type 1 but not in Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 patients had high temperature and vibration thresholds in contrast to Type 1 patients who had a high temperature threshold only.
Dissemination of ‘patient‐oriented evidence that matters’ on the Internet: the case of Type 2 diabetes treatment
Authors: Giménez‐Pérez G. , Caixàs A. , Giménez‐Palop O. , González‐Clemente J. M. , Mauricio D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAims  To evaluate the dissemination of patient‐oriented evidence that matters (POEMs) derived from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) through health information websites.Methods  Google and Altavista search engines were used to generate a list of websites about Type 2 diabetes treatments. We evaluated a random sample of 50 websites from each list, plus the first 10 websites displayed on each search engine looking for the presence of POEMs about diabetes treatment derived from the UKPDS. Websites were also ranked using the DISCERN instrument.Results  The final sample consisted of 66 websites. The most frequently stated item was that tight blood pressure decreased complications and/or mortality (55.5%). The effects of metformin on morbidity and/or mortality in overweight patients and the greater effect of control of blood pressure rather than blood glucose control on complications were stated in 18.2 and 16.7% of cases, whereas the lack of effect of tight blood glucose control on premature mortality and of insulin or sulphonylureas on aggregate micro‐ or macrovascular outcomes in overweight patients were stated in one case each (1.5%). The lack of effect of tight blood glucose control on quality of life was not stated in any website. POEMs were more frequently present in websites rated high with the DISCERN instrument, websites with the Health‐on‐the‐Net seal and non‐commercial websites.Conclusions  The dissemination of POEMs through the Internet is poor. If patients are to be involved in decision‐making processes, efforts should be made to update the Internet contents to meet this challenge.