bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term survival following radical prostatectomy in Japanese men with clinically localized prostate cancer: A single institutional study
Authors: HACHIYA TAKAHIKO , OKADA YASUHIRO , KAWATA NOZOMU , HIRANO DAISAKU , YOSHIDA TOSHIO , OKADA KIYOKI , TAKIMOTO YUKIE 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground:  We evaluated the outcome of radical prostatectomy to provide information about long‐term survival following this procedure.Methods:  One hundred and twenty‐three otherwise healthy Japanese patients with clinically localized tumors underwent radical prostatectomy. Treatment outcomes were measured in terms of clinical progression‐free survival, prostate cancer‐specific survival and overall survival. Overall survival was compared with expected survival of age‐matched Japanese men.Results:  For these 123 patients, clinical progression‐free survival and prostate cancer‐specific survival at 10 years were 72.5% and 86.4%, respectively. Results of Cox multivariate analysis showed that only pathological stage (P = 0.047) and tumor grade (P = 0.009) were independent predictors of clinical progression. Only tumor grade was a statistically significant independent predictor (P = 0.048) in terms of prostate cancer death. Both the 10 and 15‐year overall survival rates for these 123 patients were 58.6%, whereas the expected survival of age‐matched Japanese men was 65.0% at the 10‐year follow up, and 43.8% at the 15‐year follow up.Conclusions:  The long‐term overall survival in this surgically treated group is comparable to the expected survival rate of age‐matched Japanese men. These results might be useful in counselling patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
Influence of pretransplant dialysis modality on the change of lymphocyte subset populations and acute rejection rates after renal transplantation
Authors: SATOH SHIGERU , TSUCHIYA NORIHIKO , SATO KAZUNARI , OHTANI HIROSHI , KOMATSUDA ATSUSHI , HABUCHI TOMONORI , KATO TETSURO 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackground:  The influence of dialysis modality on the acute rejection (AR) rate after renal transplantation is controversial. We investigated whether the pretransplant dialysis modality correlated with the lymphocyte subset populations and the incidence of AR after renal transplantation.Methods:  Thirty‐eight first living renal transplant recipients, consisting of 22 patients on pretransplant hemodialysis (HD) and 16 patients on pretransplant peritoneal dialysis (PD), were studied. Peripheral blood samples were taken on days ‐1 through 28 after transplantation, and the lymphocyte fractions were exposed to the monoclonal antibodies anti‐CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8 and CD28 for a flow cytometer analysis. Biopsy specimens were obtained at the time of presumed AR episodes and on day 28 after transplantation.Results:  The PD patients had a higher frequency of AR (37.5% in PD vs 9.1% in HD patients, P = 0.034). In contrast, two HD patients showed graft loss at 18 and 30 months after transplantation. The increases of CD3, CD19, CD4 and CD4+ CD28+ cells in the PD patients occurred earlier than in the HD patients and the numbers of these cells in the PD group were higher than those in the HD between days 3–28 after transplantation, most significantly on day 7.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that the PD patients with similar clinical characteristics could potentially have a higher immunocompetence and immune responsiveness associated with a higher rate of AR in the early stage of renal transplantation when compared with the HD patients.
Stones in anomalous kidneys: Results of treatment by shock wave lithotripsy in 150 patients
Authors: TUNC LUTFI , TOKGOZ HUSNU , TAN MUSTAFA OZGUR , KUPELI BORA. , KARAOGLAN USTUNOL , BOZKIRLI IBRAHIM 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective:  To determine the efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in anomalous kidneys.Methods:  From October 1990 to October 2002, 150 patients (93 men and 57 women) with anomalous urinary tracts, including 45 horseshoe kidneys, 57 duplex kidneys, 30 malrotated kidneys, 14 pelvic and four crossed ectopic kidneys were treated with SWL for urolithiasis at the Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. Shock wave lithotripsy was performed with Siemens Lithostar plus (Siemans, Erlanger, Germany) device and all procedures were carried under fluoroscopic control.Results:  The mean shock wave number and intensity received by the patients was 3770 (range, 1380–4100) shocks and 18.4 (range, 16.1–19) kV per session, respectively. The minimum success rate was obtained in patients with lower calyceal (50%) followed by middle calyceal (60%) calculi. The stone‐free rate decreased and the number of sessions per patient increased with increasing stone diameter (dm). In patients with a stone dm > 30 mm, only 34% could be stone‐free, compared to a rate of 92% for calculi dm < 10 mm. The overall stone free rate at the third month was 68%. The best stone‐free rates were obtained in patients with ureteral duplication (80.7%). The stone‐free rates in horseshoe, malrotated, pelvic and crossed ectopic kidneys were found to be 66.7%, 56.7%, 57.2% and 25%, respectively.Conclusion:  Shock wave lithotripsy might be an effective and minimally invasive treatment alternative in stone‐bearing anomalous kidneys. The type of anomaly, stone burden and localization seem to be the main parameters effecting the treatment success.
Assessment of tumor hemodynamics in small hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of Doppler ultrasonography, angiography‐assisted computed tomography, and pathological findings
Authors: Kumada Takashi , Nakano Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Kiriyama Seiki , Sone Yasuhiro , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Akiko , Takeshima Kenji , Hibi Toshio , Yabashi Toshitake , Noda Takahiro , Sassa Toshi , Furukawa Masakazu , Ogawa Sadanobu 
Published: October 2004

Abstract: Aim: We evaluated the usefulness of Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) for the analysis of tumor hemodynamics in small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: We compared Doppler ultrasound (DUS) findings with angiography‐assisted computed tomography (Angio‐CT) such as CT during arterial portography and during hepatic arteriography in the evaluation of the intratumoral hemodynamics, and with pathologic findings in 45 small HCC nodules (≤3.0 cm in diameter) of 43 patients. DUS flow pattern of each nodule was categorized into three types: afferent continuous flow (Type 1), afferent pulsatile flow with afferent continuous flow (Type 2), and afferent pulsatile flow without afferent continuous flow (Type 3). Intratumoral blood supply was determined by Angio‐CT, and pathologic findings were evaluated on resected or biopsied specimen.Results: Based on Angio‐CT findings, Type 1 nodules showed decreased arterial blood supply (ABS) without decreased portal blood supply (PBS). Type 2 nodules showed unchanged ABS but decreased PBS. Type 3 nodules showed both increased ABS and decreased PBS. DUS findings well represented blood supply of HCC evaluated by Angio‐CT. In addition, all Type 1 and 2 nodules were well‐differentiated HCC, and all Type 3 nodules were moderately or poorly differentiated HCC; DUS findings well reflected differentiation of HCC.Conclusions: DUS is a non‐invasive imaging method and can be used for the evaluation of the stage of malignancy of small HCC.
The role of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a nation‐wide, multicenter study
Authors: Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Chen Chien‐Hung , Chang Ting‐Tsung , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Wang Shen‐Yung , Lee Pui‐Ching , Lee Hsuan‐Shu , Lin Pin‐Wen , Huang Guan‐Tarn , Sheu Jin‐Chuan , Tsai Hong‐Ming , Chau Gar‐Yang , Chiang Jen‐Huei , Lui Wing‐Yiu , Lee Shou‐Dong , Wu Jaw‐Ching 
Published: October 2004

Abstract: Purpose:The role of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. Analyzing a cohort of nation‐wide data can delineate the beneficial effect of TAE for those patients.Methods:From 1991 to 1995, 818 patients who had potentially resectable HCC from four medical centers in Taiwan were enrolled. Among them, 599 underwent curative resection, 157 received TAE and 62 received supportive treatment alone. The survivals among the three groups were compared.Results:The 5‐year survival rates for patients who underwent surgery, TAE and supportive treatment were 43.6%, 25.6% and 3.7%, respectively. Surgery offered the best survival for those patients. TAE could also prolong survival as compared with supportive treatment (P=0.0001). However, among patients who were in advanced tumor stage (Cancer and the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score ≥2), no statistical difference in survival was noted between patients who underwent TAE or supportive treatment. In multivariate analysis, single tumor, serum albumin ≥3.5 g/dl, tumor size less than 5 cm, early‐stage tumor (CLIP score=0–1) and aggressive treatment including surgery and TAE were independent factors associated with a better survival.Conclusions:Surgery is superior to TAE for patients with resectable HCC. In patients who refuse surgery, TAE can be considered for selected patients whose tumors are in early stage.
Circulating endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and portal, systemic and renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis
Authors: Fernández‐Rodriguez Conrado M. , Romero Julian , Petros Timothy J. , Bradshaw Heather , Gasalla José M. , Luisa Gutiérrez Maria , Lledó José L. , Santander Cecilio , Pérez Fernández Teresa , Tomás Esperanza , Cacho Guillermo , Michael Walker J. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract: Background: Endocannabinoids may participate in the homeostasis of arterial pressure. Recently, anandamide, the most extensively studied endocannabinoid, has been proposed as a key mediator in the peripheral arterial vasodilation of cirrhosis.Objectives: To determine if circulating levels of anandamide are related to the extent of the peripheral arterial vasodilation, the severity of portal hypertension and the degree of liver and renal dysfunction of patients with cirrhosis.Methods: Plasma levels of anandamide and several systemic, portal and renal hemodynamic parameters were determined in 18 patients with cirrhosis and eight healthy subjects (control group).Results: Plasma levels of anandamide were elevated in patients compared to the control group (P<0.05), nevertheless, no differences between patients with ascites and well‐compensated patients were found. There was no correlation between anandamide concentration and arterial pressure, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, Child–Pugh's score, portal pressure, renal vascular resistance, plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone concentration.Conclusions: Circulating levels of anandamide are increased in cirrhotic patients. However, this elevation was unrelated to the extent of arterial vasodilation, the severity of portal hypertension or the degree of hepatic and renal dysfunction. Although a local hormonal action cannot be excluded, our results do not support a relevant contribution of this system in the hemodynamic disturbance of cirrhosis.
Effects of venesections and restricted diet in patients with the insulin‐resistance hepatic iron overload syndrome
Authors: Piperno Alberto , Vergani Anna , Salvioni Alessandra , Trombini Paola , Viganò Mauro , Riva Alessia , Zoppo Adele , Boari Giuseppe , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: October 2004

Abstract: Goal: We evaluated the effect of venesections and restricted diet on iron and metabolic indices and liver function tests in patients with insulin‐resistance hepatic iron overload (IR‐HIO).Materials and methods: Patients were divided in three groups: (a) patients without any therapy who were followed‐up for 36+28 months; (b) patients venesected; and (c) patients on dietary treatment. In each group baseline and end‐point levels of serum iron and metabolic indices, and liver function tests were compared by Student's paired t‐test and the relationship between serum ferritin and the other variables during treatment was evaluated by linear regression analysis.Findings and conclusions: In the follow‐up group, iron and metabolic indices did not change over time. Serum alanine aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyl transferase, cholesterol and triglycerides significantly decreased after iron depletion. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ferritin and liver function tests significantly decreased after dietary treatment. Transferrin saturation decreased below 20% during phlebotomy treatment in 52% of the patients. In conclusion, our results show that IR‐HIO patients had relatively low amount of iron overload that seems not to increase even after a long follow‐up period. Both venesections and diet improved iron, metabolic and hepatic indices. Data suggest a relationship between hepatic iron overload and insulin resistance, and a role for both iron overload and insulin resistance in hepatocellular damage. The behaviour of iron indices during venesections suggests an impaired iron release from hepatic cells.
Early start on continuous hemodialysis therapy improves survival rate in patients with acute renal failure following coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Sugahara Souichi , Suzuki Hiromichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAcute renal failure requiring dialysis therapy after cardiac surgery occurs in 1% to 5% of patients; however, the optimal timing for initiation of dialysis therapy still remains undetermined. To assess the validity of early start of dialysis therapy, we studied the comparative survival between 14 patients who started to receive dialysis therapy when urine volume decreased to less than 30 mL/hr and another group of 14 patients who waited to begin dialysis therapy until the level of urine volume was less than 20 mL/hr for 14 days following coronary bypass graft surgery. Twelve of 14 patients who received early intervention survived. In contrast, only 2 of 14 patients in the late‐dialysis group survived. There was a significant difference in survival between the two groups (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex ratio, the APACHE (Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation) II score, and the levels of serum creatinine at the start of dialysis therapy (2.9 ± 0.2 mg/dL vs. 3.1 ± 0.2 mg/dL), as well as the levels of serum creatinine at admission. We propose that the timing of the start for treatment of acute renal failure following cardiac surgery should be determined by the decrease of urine volume and not the levels of serum creatinine. Early start of dialysis therapy may help improve the survival of patients with acute renal failure following cardiac surgery.
Thrombotic events and markers of oxidation and inflammation in hemodialysis
Authors: Schwing William D , Erhard Penny , Holloman Cynthia K , Weigel Kelly A , Blankschaen Susan C , Anderson James M , Siegel Christopher T , Seaman David S , Valente John F , DeOreo Peter B , Weiss Miriam F 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine whether antioxidant therapy with vitamin E would alter the rate of vascular access complications or other macrovascular complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A secondary goal of the study was to explore the relationship between baseline pretreatment markers of oxidative stress (the advanced glycation end product pentosidine and basal levels of vitamin Eα and γ) and the subsequent development of access failure. Thirty‐five stable patients treated by HD were recruited for the study. Patients were provided with vitamin E (800 IU) or placebo capsules to be taken daily. Clinical variables, vascular access function (flow meter access flow measurements), and circulating blood markers were obtained initially and every 3 months throughout the study. Vitamin Eα levels rose in treated patients from 12.7 ± 4.4 to 25.1 ± 15.1 µg/mL at 3 months and 28.6 ± 14.8 µg/mL at 6 months. Vitamin Eγ levels fell in treated patients from 3.9 ± 1.7 to 2.3 ± 1.5 µg/mL at 3 months and 1.7 µg/mL at 6 months. Patients who subsequently developed repeated thrombotic vascular access events were characterized by higher baseline pentosidine content of circulating proteins. Patients who developed a myocardial infarction had higher pentosidine, lower vitamin Eα, and much lower vitamin Eγ than patients who did not develop thrombotic events. These findings lead to the speculation that the anti‐inflammatory effects of vitamin Eγ may play a more important role in thrombotic vascular events than the antioxidant effects of vitamin Eα. Additional studies of these interactions are in progress.
Differences in cardiovascular mortality rates among hemodialysis patients in the United States and Japan: The importance of background cardiovascular mortality
Authors: Kuhlmann Martin K , Yoshino Maki , Levin Nathan W 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMortality rates among hemodialysis patients differ greatly among the United States, Europe, and Japan and it has been hypothesized that this is mainly due to differences in practice patterns. Results from the international DOPPS study, however, indicate that differences in practice patterns among the United States, Japan, and Europe are small and not alone explanatory for the differences in mortality rates. Ethnic variability in predisposition to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population may lead to significant differences in background cardiovascular mortality in the United States, Japan, and Europe. It is our hypothesis that cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients is to a great extent dependent on cardiovascular background mortality of the general population. We are currently studying the relationship between all‐cause and cardiovascular death rates in countries worldwide using the WHO database. Preliminary data from 35 countries show that all‐cause and cardiovascular death rates differ significantly among regions, with Eastern European countries reporting four‐ to sevenfold higher death rates than Asian countries. A strong linear relationship between cardiovascular and all‐cause death rates is observed among these countries. The next step of our study will be to compare country‐specific cardiovascular death rates of dialysis populations with those of the respective general populations. Ethnic differences in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality may be explained by genetic variability based upon polymorphism of genes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
Palæohydrology of the calcsilicate aureole of the Beinn an Dubhaich granite, Skye, Scotland: a stable isotopic study
Authors: HOLNESS M. B. , FALLICK A. E. 
Published: October 2004

The contact aureole developed in siliceous carbonates surrounding the Beinn an Dubhaich granite, Skye, shows textural and stable isotope evidence for infiltration of aqueous fluids during both prograde and retrograde metamorphism. Strongly depleted isotope compositions of reaction‐product calcite correlate with high silica and fluorine contents, demonstrating a strong link between isotopic alteration and metasomatism by fluids with a significant magmatic component, even at the margins of the aureole. The oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of the carbonates form a linear cluster with a positive slope of about five, consistent with the depletion of isotope compositions by the infiltration of magmatic and/or meteoric fluids. Rayleigh fractionation during devolatilization played a minor role in determining the final isotope composition.Stable isotope compositions of coexisting calcite–dolomite pairs show varying amounts of isotopic disequilibrium, which correlate with the inferred fluid infiltration mechanism. Much of the calcite in dolostones is the product of infiltration‐driven reactions along fractures, and is greatly depleted isotopically relative to the host dolomite, especially at talc grade. At higher grades the calcite–dolomite fractionation is smaller, probably due to both increased fluid–rock interaction and a greater tendency for fluid infiltration to be pervasive on the grain‐scale. Limestones generally show near‐equilibrium fractionation of oxygen and carbon owing to the overwhelming compositional influence of the host calcite. Veins formed during late‐stage hydrothermal circulation have strongly 18O‐depleted compositions relative to the host rock.No small‐scale spatial patterns to the isotopic depletion were observed, but the extent of fluid infiltration was greatest in the west of the aureole. Fluid infiltration was clearly highly heterogeneous, with no evidence of a consistent flow direction. It is not possible to determine fluid fluxes or flow directions from one‐dimensional flow models based on continuum flow in the Beinn an Dubhaich aureole.
Three‐dimensional quantitative textural analysis of metamorphic rocks using high‐resolution computed X‐ray tomography: Part II. Application to natural samples
Authors: DENISON* C. , CARLSON† W. D. 
Published: October 2004

Three‐dimensional quantitative textural analysis coupled with numerical modelling has been used to assess the dominant mechanisms governing crystallization of garnet porphyroblasts in rocks from diverse regional metamorphic environments. In every case, spatial dispositions, crystal size distributions, and compositional zoning patterns of porphyroblasts indicate the dominance of diffusion‐controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms.Nine samples from three geological areas were studied: a suite of semi‐pelitic rocks from the Picuris Mountains, New Mexico (USA); a suite of mafic samples from the Llano Uplift, Texas (USA); and a kyanite schist from Mica Dam, British Columbia (Canada). The semi‐pelitic suite exhibits post‐deformational garnet growth, whereas garnet in the mafic suite and in the kyanite schist grew synkinematically in rocks displaying weak and strong penetrative fabrics, respectively.For each sample, the centres and radii of thousands of garnet crystals were located and measured in three dimensions, using images produced by high‐resolution computed X‐ray tomography. Statistical measures of the degree of ordering and clustering of nucleation sites, and estimates of crystal isolation for each porphyroblast, were then computed from the measured spatial dispositions. These measures can be reproduced in simple numerical models only by diffusion‐controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms. Normalized radius‐rate relations computed from compositional zoning patterns in the garnets require thermally accelerated diffusion‐controlled growth, providing independent confirmation of the conclusions based on textural analysis. The unexpected similarity of results from all samples indicates that diffusion‐controlled nucleation and growth mechanisms may govern porphyroblast crystallization in many metamorphic regimes.