bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thalamic hub-and-spoke circuit enables visual perception during action by coordinating visuomotor dynamics
Authors: Vega-Zuniga T. , Sumser A. , Symonova O. , Koppensteiner P. , Schmidt F. H. , Joesch M. 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYDistinguishing between sensory experiences elicited by external stimuli and an animal’s own actions is critical for accurate perception and motor control. However, the diversity of behaviors and their complex influences on the senses make this distinction challenging. Here, we uncover an action cue hub that coordinates both visual processing in the brain’s first visual relay and motor commands. We show that the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) acts as a corollary discharge (CD) center, integrating visual translational optic flow signals and motor copies from saccades, locomotion, and pupil dynamics. The vLGN relays these signals to correct action-specific visual distortions and refine perception, as shown for the superior colliculus and a depth estimation task. Simultaneously, brain-wide vLGN projections drive corrective actions necessary for accurate visuomotor control. Our results reveal an extended CD architecture that refines early visual transformations and coordinates actions via a distributed hub-and-spoke network enabling visual perception during action.
Hiding in Plain Sight: Thymic CD8+FOXP3+Tregs sequester CD25 and are enriched in human tissues
Authors: Jarvis Lorna B. , Howlett Sarah K. , Coppard Valerie , Rainbow Daniel B. , Alkwai Sarah , Ellis Lou , Georgieva Zoya , Suchanek Ondrej , Mousa Hani , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Wicker Linda S. , Jones Joanne L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor decades regulatory T cell (Treg) research has focussed on CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs, whilst characterisation of CD8+FOXP3+ Tregs has been limited by their paucity in blood. Here, by studying 95 tissues from 26 deceased transplant organ donors we demonstrate that despite representing less than 5% of circulating Tregs, fully functional, thymically derived CD8+FOXP3+ Tregs are highly enriched in human tissues particularly in non-lymphoid tissues and bone marrow, where they reside as CD25lo/-CD8+CD69+CD103+TLR9+HELIOS+FOXP3+ Tregs. Despite lacking surface CD25 expression, CD8+ Tregs in tissue are demethylated at the FOXP3 TSDR and express CD25 intracellularly. Surface CD25 expression is quickly regainedin vitro, allowing cell sorting for therapeutic expansion and confirmation of their suppressive function. We suggest that these elusive cells likely play an essential but previously unappreciated role in maintaining peripheral tolerance within human tissues.One Sentence SummaryFOXP3+CD8+Tregs, expressing tissue residency markers and CD25 intracellularly, are enriched in human non-lymphoid tissues.
The FHA domain is essential for the autoinhibition of KIF1A/UNC-104
Authors: Niwa Shinsuke , Watanabe Taisei , Chiba Kyoko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKIF1A/UNC-104, a member of the kinesin super family motor proteins, plays a pivotal role in the axonal transport of synaptic vesicles and their precursors.Drosophila melanogasterUNC-104 (DmUNC-104) is a relatively recently discoveredDrosophilakinesin. Although some point mutations that disrupt synapse formation have been identified, the biochemical properties of DmUNC-104 protein have not been investigated. Here, we prepared recombinant full-length DmUNC-104 protein and determined the biochemical features. We analyzed the effect of a previously identified missense mutation in the FHA domain, calledbristly(bris), and found that wild-type DmUNC-104 is a mixture of monomer and dimer and thebrismutation strongly promote the dimerization. Furthermore, we found that disease-associated mutations also promote the dimerization of DmUNC-104. These findings suggest that the FHA domain is essential for the autoinhibition of KIF1A/UNC-104, and that abnormal dimerization of KIF1A is linked to human diseases.
Sex and age independent predictive call sequence alterations of pups in an autism spectrum disorder mouse model
Authors: Agarwalla Swapna , Yuvarani M S , Bandyopadhyay Sharba 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSocial communication deficit is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Mouse ultrasonic-vocalizations (USVs), with communicative significance, are extensively used to probe vocalization-based social communication impairment. However, most studies on ASDs mouse-models show inconsistent alterations in USVs based phenotypes over age and sex. Despite the predictable nature of mouse USVs, very few studies have taken advantage of the same. The current work explores USV pup-isolation-call (PIC) features and alterations in structural content of predictive PIC sequences of the well-establishedin-uterovalproic-acid (VPA) exposure-based ASDs model. Our study shows the importance of higher-order USV structures, with speech-like sequential dependencies that have consistent alterations in the ASDs model at all developmental ages and sex. In addition to confirming prior observations of reduced call rates and durations, as well as heightened peak frequencies in ASD model pups, our data underscores inconsistent trends in the call features across sex and age. The varying nature of call features in ASD models poses a substantial challenge in assessing intervention outcomes. The above inconsistency complicates the differentiation between the effects of aging and therapeutic impacts. Establishing consistent alteration in USVs could help uncover age- and sex-independent changes in ASD models, shedding light on associated therapeutics and developmental mechanisms.Lay SummarySocial communication deficits are key characteristics of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), used to study communication impairments, show inconsistent changes in ASD mouse models across age and sex. Our study investigates USV pup isolation call (PIC) features and structural content alterations in a well-established ASD model. The presence of inconsistent USV features complicates the differentiation between aging effects and therapeutic impacts. We find consistent changes in higher-order USV structures across all developmental stages and sexes which can facilitate improved intervention outcomes. Establishing consistent USV alterations could reveal age- and sex-independent changes in ASD models, aiding in understanding therapeutic strategies and developmental mechanisms
Metabolite profiling of human renal cell carcinoma reveals tissue-origin dominance in nutrient availability
Authors: Abbott Keene L. , Ali Ahmed , Reinfeld Bradley I. , Deik Amy , Subudhi Sonu , Landis Madelyn D. , Hongo Rachel A. , Young Kirsten L. , Kunchok Tenzin , Nabel Christopher S. , Crowder Kayla D. , Kent Johnathan R. , Madariaga Maria Lucia L. , Jain Rakesh K. , Beckermann Kathryn E. , Lewis Caroline A. , Clish Clary B. , Muir Alexander , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Vander Heiden Matthew G. 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYThe tumor microenvironment is a determinant of cancer progression and therapeutic efficacy, with nutrient availability playing an important role. Although it is established that the local abundance of specific nutrients defines the metabolic parameters for tumor growth, the factors guiding nutrient availability in tumor compared to normal tissue and blood remain poorly understood. To define these factors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we performed quantitative metabolomic and comprehensive lipidomic analyses of tumor interstitial fluid (TIF), adjacent normal kidney interstitial fluid (KIF), and plasma samples collected from patients. TIF nutrient composition closely resembles KIF, suggesting that tissue-specific factors unrelated to the presence of cancer exert a stronger influence on nutrient levels than tumor-driven alterations. Notably, select metabolite changes consistent with known features of RCC metabolism are found in RCC TIF, while glucose levels in TIF are not depleted to levels that are lower than those found in KIF. These findings inform tissue nutrient dynamics in RCC, highlighting a dominant role of non-cancer driven tissue factors in shaping nutrient availability in these tumors.
Disinflation costs and macroprudential policies: real and welfare effects
Authors: Busato Francesco , Ferrara Maria , Varlese Monica 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThis paper analyzes real and welfare effects of a permanent change in inflation rate, focusing on macroprudential policy’ role and its interaction with monetary policy.Design/methodology/approachWhile investigating disinflation costs, the authors simulate a medium-scale dynamic general equilibrium model with borrowing constraints, credit frictions and macroprudential authority.FindingsProviding discussions on different policy scenarios in a context where still it is expected high inflation, there are three key contributions. First, when macroprudential authority actively operates to improve financial stability, losses caused by disinflation are limited. Second, a Taylor rule directly responding to financial variables might entail a trade-off between price and financial stability objectives, by increasing disinflation costs. Third, disinflation is welfare improving for savers, while costly for borrowers and banks. Indeed, while savers benefit from policies reducing price stickiness distortion, borrowers are worried about credit frictions, coming from collateral constraint.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests threefold policy implications: the macroprudential authority should actively intervene during a disinflation process to minimize costs and financial instability deriving from it; policymakers should implement a disinflationary policy stabilizing also output; the central bank and the macroprudential regulator should pursue financial and price stability goals, separately.Originality/valueThis paper is the first attempt to study effects of a permanent inflation target reduction in focusing on the macroprudential policy’ role.
Work–life balance and employee commitment in the new normal: evidence from Indian railway using mixed-method approach
Authors: Manna Atanu , Pahari Subhajit , Biswas Debasish , Banerjee Dipa , Das Debasis 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe study principally aims to investigate the relationship among work–life balance (WLB), job satisfaction (JS) and employee commitment (EC) among the railway staff by integrating the social exchange theory (SET). The study also explores JS as a mediator in the context of the new normal.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method sequential explanatory design was utilized for this study. The research instrument was administered to 533 railway employees, using purposive sampling to ensure reliability and validity. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the quantitative data and measure mediation effects. Additionally, 15 interviews were conducted with employees from three job positioning groups (A, B and C) to gain further insights into commitment-related concerns.FindingsThe study found that WLB and JS positively influenced EC, with JS acting as a mediator between WLB and EC. Furthermore, factors such as fostering friendships among colleagues, effectively managing work–life integration and recognizing the importance of job roles were identified as crucial in enhancing the relationship between WLB and EC.Originality/valueThe study includes SET to examine the social exchange process while considering WLB benefits as a reward from the employer and EC as the outcome of this reward. This study contributes by examining the effects of COVID-19 on the railway industry and EC. The mixed-methods sequential explanatory design gave a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between WLB, JS and EC. The study’s implications highlight the importance of implementing supportive policies, such as flexible work schedules and a supportive organizational culture, to enhance employee commitment and reduce attrition rates. The study emphasizes the significance of prioritizing employee well-being to achieve organizational goals and enhance organizational commitment.
Numerical investigation of thermal fatigue crack growth behavior in SAC305 BGA solder joints
Authors: Apalowo Rilwan Kayode , Abas Mohamad Aizat , Muhamed Mukhtar Muhamed Abdul Fatah , Che Ani Fakhrozi , Ramli Mohamad Riduwan 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the reliability issues of microvoid cracks in solder joint packages exposed to thermal cycling fatigue.

Design/methodology/approach
The specimens are subjected to JEDEC preconditioning level 1 (85 °C/85%RH/168 h) with five times reflow at 270°C. This is followed by thermal cycling from 0°C to 100°C, per IPC-7351B standards. The specimens' cross-sections are inspected for crack growth and propagation under backscattered scanning electronic microscopy. The decoupled thermomechanical simulation technique is applied to investigate the thermal fatigue behavior. The impacts of crack length on the stress and fatigue behavior of the package are investigated.

Findings
Cracks are initiated from the ball grid array corner of the solder joint, propagating through the transverse section of the solder ball. The crack growth increases continuously up to 0.25-mm crack length, then slows down afterward. The J-integral and stress intensity factor (SIF) values at the crack tip decrease with increased crack length. Before 0.15-mm crack length, J-integral and SIF reduce slightly with crack length and are comparatively higher, resulting in a rapid increase in crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD). Beyond 0.25-mm crack length, the values significantly decline, that there is not much possibility of crack growth, resulting in a negligible change in CMOD value. This explains the crack growth arrest obtained after 0.25-mm crack length.

Practical implications
This work's contribution is expected to reduce the additional manufacturing cost and lead time incurred in investigating reliability issues in solder joints.

Originality/value
The work investigates crack propagation mechanisms of microvoid cracks in solder joints exposed to moisture and thermal fatigue, which is still limited in the literature. The parametric variation of the crack length on stress and fatigue characteristics of solder joints, which has never been conducted, is also studied.
Letter: antibiotics prescription and new‐onset irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Chang Hui‐Chin , Gau Shuo‐Yan 
Published: December 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Staller et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17736 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17827
The Efficiency of Question‐Asking Strategies in a Real‐World Visual Search Task
Authors: Testoni Alberto , Bernardi Raffaella , Ruggeri Azzurra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn recent years, a multitude of datasets of human–human conversations has been released for the main purpose of training conversational agents based on data‐hungry artificial neural networks. In this paper, we argue that datasets of this sort represent a useful and underexplored source to validate, complement, and enhance cognitive studies on human behavior and language use. We present a method that leverages the recent development of powerful computational models to obtain the fine‐grained annotation required to apply metrics and techniques from Cognitive Science to large datasets. Previous work in Cognitive Science has investigated the question‐asking strategies of human participants by employing different variants of the so‐called 20‐question‐game setting and proposing several evaluation methods. In our work, we focus on GuessWhat, a task proposed within the Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing communities that is similar in structure to the 20‐question‐game setting. Crucially, the GuessWhat dataset contains tens of thousands of dialogues based on real‐world images, making it a suitable setting to investigate the question‐asking strategies of human players on a large scale and in a natural setting. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of computational tools to automatically code how the hypothesis space changes throughout the dialogue in complex visual scenes. On the one hand, we confirm findings from previous work on smaller and more controlled settings. On the other hand, our analyses allow us to highlight the presence of “uninformative” questions (in terms of Expected Information Gain) at specific rounds of the dialogue. We hypothesize that these questions fulfill pragmatic constraints that are exploited by human players to solve visual tasks in complex scenes successfully. Our work illustrates a method that brings together efforts and findings from different disciplines to gain a better understanding of human question‐asking strategies on large‐scale datasets, while at the same time posing new questions about the development of conversational systems.
Patient and public involvement in international research: Perspectives of a team of researchers from six countries on collaborating with people with lived experiences of dementia and end‐of‐life
Authors: Vellani Shirin , Yous Marie‐Lee , Rivas Vanessa Maradiaga , Lucchese Stephanie , Kruizinga Julia , Sussman Tamara , Abelson Julia , Akhtar‐Danesh Noori , Bravo Gina , Brazil Kevin , Ganann Rebecca , Kaasalainen Sharon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) is a critical priority in research, policy, academia and advocacy organizations. PPI in dementia research is gaining momentum. However, these efforts are missing in international projects aimed at those living with advanced dementia in long‐term care (LTC) homes. Additional complexities can arise in enacting PPI within the context of integration of a palliative approach to care and experiences around end‐of‐life in (EOL) dementia. The mySupport study involved implementing the Family Carer Decision Support (FCDS) intervention for care partners of those living with advanced dementia in LTC in six countries.Research Design and ObjectiveAn interpretive description study was conducted to explore the perspectives of international researchers from six countries on engaging people with lived experiences of dementia and EOL care in research processes. The findings from this study informed the development of a PPI strategy and a subsequent toolkit for the FCDS intervention.FindingsThirty‐eight interviews were completed with project researchers: 12 from the United Kingdom, 8 from Canada, 7 from Ireland, 4 each from Italy and The Netherlands and 3 from the Czech Republic. Four broad themes describe international researchers' perspectives on advancing methods of engagement for people with lived experiences of dementia and EOL in international PPI activities: (1) Groundwork to engage in research; (2) planning for research activities is key; (3) focus on meaningful engagement and (4) having foresight for practical issues shaping PPI.Discussion and ImplicationsInternational projects that involve PPI can present many sources of challenges. The findings in this study highlight important considerations for foundational work for incorporating PPI in international projects. Learning from world leaders and those with lived experiences in various regions can be insightful and help share tools and resources.Patient or Public ContributionPPI was envisioned as a critical part of conducting the mySupport study. The findings from this study informed the development of a PPI strategy and an international Strategic Guiding Council that included family carers of those living with advanced dementia in LTC homes in six countries. This manuscript focused on the perspectives of researchers on their engagement with people with lived experiences of dementia and EOL. The perspectives of persons with lived experiences on engaging in the mySupport research study will be reported in a forthcoming manuscript.
Cultural acceptability of STI screening guidelines and sexual positioning assessments among black sexual minority men
Authors: Dangerfield Derek T. , Anderson Janeane N. , Tinnell Theodore 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo identify attitudes towards HIV/STI screening guidelines and explore the acceptability of assessing sexual positioning practices among Black sexual minority men (SMM).BackgroundRisks for HIV/STIs vary by sexual positioning practices. However, clinicians and Black SMM do not always discuss sexuality with each other. Therefore, HIV/STI screening and testing remain suboptimal.DesignQualitative study using focus groups.MethodsData were obtained from 12 focus groups and one in‐depth interview conducted in Baltimore, MD among HIV‐negative Black SMM between October 2019 and May 2020 (N = 39). Groups were stratified into three age categories: 18–24, 25–34 and 35+. Participants were given the “5 P's” from the CDC's 2015 Sexual History Screening Guidelines and asked to discuss attitudes towards existing questions regarding sexual positioning practices. Themes were identified using an electronic pile sorting approach.ResultsMost identified as homosexual/gay/same gender‐loving (68%), were employed (69%) and single (66%). Additionally, 34% had ever been diagnosed with an STI, of whom 38% had a history of repeated STI acquisition in their lifetime. Participants across age groups said clinicians should use the words “top” and “bottom” to demonstrate cultural familiarity and build trust. Some said that screening for sexual positioning was unnecessary and intrusive; others said that questions should be justified. Younger men wanted clinicians to ask questions in ways that make them feel cared for.DiscussionGuidelines should include language for clinicians to use culturally specific language and better ways to prepare Black SMM patients for screening.Impact to Nursing PracticeSome Black SMM will not discuss sexual positioning practices without clinicians' demonstration of cultural understanding and respect. Screening should incorporate culturally responsive language, justification and convey care.Reporting MethodConsolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).No Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper.
Explicit improvements for Lp$\mathrm{L}^p$‐estimates related to elliptic systems
Authors: Böhnlein Tim , Egert Moritz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe give a simple argument to obtain ‐boundedness for heat semigroups associated to uniformly strongly elliptic systems on by using Stein interpolation between Gaussian estimates and hypercontractivity. Our results give explicitly in terms of ellipticity. It is optimal at the endpoint . We also obtain ‐estimates for the gradient of the semigroup, where depends on ellipticity but not on dimension.