bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of Television Advertising
Authors: Lowrey Tina M , Shrum L J , McCarty John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps we exaggerate when we suggest that the above vignette describes the future of television advertising, an environment in which the lines between entertainment and promotion have not just been blurred, but have been almost completely removed. Yet, as we detail in this chapter, the above scenario is not all that far-fetched. With so many technological innovations emerging that challenge the traditional method of delivering entertainment, many question the viability of television commercials as we know them. This is true not only in the trade press, but also in academe (cf. Baker 2003; Rust and Oliver 1994). Advertisers are experimenting with a wide array of solutions, many of which have been around since the advent of television broadcasting, to address their concerns over the dwindling commercial audience. However, there are also industry voices claiming that many are exaggerating the picture.
Anomaly-Seeking Research: Thirty Years of Development in Resource Allocation Theory
Authors: Gilbert Clark G , Christensen Clayton M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our purpose in writing this chapter is twofold. First, we wish to describe the process by which theory is built, using as an example the thirty-five years of research that commenced with Bower’s 1970 model of the resource allocation process (RAP). Second, we hope to familiarize the reader with a series of important findings concerning the management of strategic process that enabled researchers to think about the model in new ways. (In the final chapter of this book, Bower and Gilbert use these findings to revisit the RAP model and formally map its evolution.) We hope that the pattern of research process presented here might provide a common language that helps readers visualize how independently derived insights on the resource allocation process accumulated. Also we hope that this description will help other scholars of management build upon each other’s work more effectively. The pattern of research process that we present has strong normative pedagogical implications—for both how we train our students and how we learn from and teach each other through publication.
Poland: Unbalanced Domestic Leadership in Negotiating Fit
Authors: Zubek Radoslaw 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the way in which the national central bankers and finance ministers in Poland dealt with the challenges of Europeanization through EMU.1 In doing so, it analyses national and international factors that determined how Polish monetary and fiscal leaders negotiated fit with Euro Area entry between 1999 and 2004. It finds that, throughout the period, the central bank pursued a policy conducive to fast-track monetary convergence. This choice had been determined not only by its own push for EMU membership but also by a combination of macroeconomic conditions, policy legacies and party political considerations.
Persistent Laggard: Romania as Eastern Europe’s Sisyphus
Authors: Papadimitriou Dimitris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If Estonia has been a long-standing pacesetter, and Hungary has fallen behind, Romania has been a persistent laggard both on EU and on EMU accession. Moreover, unlike in Bulgaria, its governments have not been prepared to ‘bind hands’ by adopting a currency board. The explanation is to be found in the specificities of the Romanian political economy: a persisting reluctance to break with the legacy of the communist past, especially a large inefficient state-owned industrial sector; the role of political parties as breeding grounds of clientelism and corruption, the inability of complex coalition governments to make credible long-term commitments to economic stability and structural reform, a weak but ever-present state, and a highly politicized public administration.
Obtaining, Recording And Admissibility Of Out-Of-Court Witness Statements
Authors: Heaton-Armstrong Anthony , Wolchover David , Maxwell-Scott Annabel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 15 of Analysing Witness Testimony (‘Recording witness statements’) two of the 10.01 present chapter’s authors examined the absence of any general procedural requirement for recording (a) the interviewing of witnesses by investigators and (b) the process of writing up witness statements. We demonstrated how, with no such monitoring, the corruption of evidence gathering through the questioning of witnesses was liable to infect the conduct and fairness of criminal trials virtually unchecked. This is because, from beginning to end, witness statements play a vital role in the whole of the criminal process.
Judging Eyewitnesses, Confessions, Informants And Alibis: What Is Wrong With Juries And Can They Do Better?
Authors: Kassin Saul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will address lay people’s ability to assess the accuracy and credibility of 19.01 oral testimony at trial in the form of eyewitness identifications, confessions to police, informants, and alibis. The DNA exoneration literature reveals that there are systemic problems at two levels. First and inevitably, human-produced evidence is imperfect, often being flawed and biased. Second, however, police, prosecutors, judges, and juries too often assess that evidence at insufficient levels of accuracy.
Prisons During Transition: Promoting a Common Penal Identity through International Norms
Authors: Piacentini Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers how human rights are experienced in Russian prisons and the mechanisms through which they deliver new priorities in the administration of imprisonment. Not only does the chapter attempt to help correct the woeful neglect of Russian prisons in criminological scholarship, it also aims to inform debate on how fundamental social, political, and economic transitions enable prison systems to take new directions, precisely because such systems may exhibit a kind of porosity in their penal peripheries. It is my contention that Russia has followed a path of human rights because of their directive force in a global context, a force that is conceived from a symbolic politics that fuses global conformism with morality.
Welfare and Punishment in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Downes David , Hansen Kirstine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The past two decades of work on the social analysis of punishment have arguably neglected the impact of the commitment to welfare on the scale of imprisonment. This chapter explores several possible reasons for its marginalization and argues the case for its reinstatement as a topic of central importance. The achievement of penal welfarism in relative decarceration gains support from the work of Beckett and Western (2001) and from cross-national data on prison numbers and welfare spending. Time series analysis suggests an increasing trade-off between welfare and penal capital, and that the commitment to welfare constitutes a growing constraint on the shift to a more punitive culture of control.
Biotechnology
Authors: Etty Thijs 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The survey year 2003 saw a storm of landmark events in the policy area of biotechnology law, both in the European Union (EU) and at the international level. The prediction in last year’s survey, that the transitory year 2002 would build up to a plethora of legislative and political developments in 2003, certainly was fulfilled. During the summer, the EU adopted long-awaited and fiercely debated new legislation on the authorization, marketing, traceability, and labelling of genetically modified (GM) food and feed products, and on the export and transboundary movements, and the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms (GM Os).This so-called ‘GM package’ has proved to be one of the most imperative and sensitive legislative dossiers of the EU in recent years, of course wrought with political compromises. Hence, it should come as no surprise that its final adoption has been heralded both as a victory and as a failure.
An Introduction to the Technology and Construction Court
Authors: Davis Michael , Akenhead Qc Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Technology and Construction Court (the ‘TCC’) is one of the specialist courts of the Queen’s Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. While it has existed under that name only since 1998, it is the successor to the Official Referees, who date back to 1876. Throughout their history, the scope and complexity of work undertaken broadened over the years. Whereas in 1953 a 36 day trial before the Official Referees was considered long, by 1981, the Official Referees were hearing cases spanning 126 days and had developed a reputation for handling complex multi-party litigation.
Political culture
Authors: McElligott Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is not my intention in this chapter to retread the now familiar ground of the republic’s political narrative told through its various parties and organizations. Instead, I want to address its political culture (broadly defined) in terms of the tension between the concept of a state in which representative democracy had primacy, what Hugo Preuß in 1917 referred to as the Volksstaat (citizen state), and the argument mostly put forward by conservative intellectuals such as Carl Schmitt, for a strong state with powers concentrated in an executive body or directory, not unlike the wartime dictatorship of General Ludendorff and Field Marshal Hindenburg, but based on popular acclamation.
The Reichswehr and the Weimar Republic
Authors: Mulligan William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The collapse of the German army in late 1918 did not mark the end of military influence in political life. Indeed, the catastrophe of 1918 was accompanied by a sense of optimism that Germany would recover, just as Prussia had done successfully after the defeat at Jena in 1806. The restoration of German military power and Great Power status was the long-term goal of the officer corps. At times, policy prescriptions and aims were radical, seeking the creation of a military utopia.
The Social Costs of Greenhouse Gases: Their Values and Policy Implications
Authors: Mendelsohn Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If greenhouse gases (principally carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen oxides (NOX)), continue to accumulate in the earth’s atmosphere, future temperatures are expected to increase (Houghton et al., 2001). These changes in climate, in turn, will cause both market and non-market impacts on humans across the planet (McCarthy et al., 2001). Society faces a complex task of balancing abatement costs against the damages that these gases cause over very long time periods. The social cost of greenhouse gases is the present value of the net damages caused by an additional ton of emissions. Intuitively, it is the marginal damage of emissions. By determining the value of the social cost, society can design globally efficient programmes to control greenhouse gases. In this paper, we focus on the social cost of carbon (SCC), the social cost of adding another ton of CO2. Greenhouse gases mix readily in the atmosphere so that emissions anywhere in the planet effectively make the same contribution to concentrations. The consequences of greenhouse-gas emissions are therefore global, not local. There is only one value for the SCC for the entire planet at each moment in time. Whether an emission is made in Fiji, Great Britain, or Russia, there is a single value of SCC. In contrast, the damages caused by most pollutants are more localized and depend greatly on where the pollution is emitted.
Sources of Russian Foreign Relations and Investment Law
Authors: Butler William E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sources of Russian law generally are also the sources of Russian foreign relations and investment law, albeit with some adjustments of emphasis. Technically, the sources of Russian law are rules or norms created, sanctioned, or recognised by the Russian State or subjects of the Russian Federation and their agencies and officials within their respective competences in a duly established procedure. Insofar as these rules or norms prescribe general rules of conduct they are called ‘normative legal acts’.
Technology Transfer and The New Eu Competition Rules
Authors: Anderman Steven D , Kallaugher John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The new Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation (in force from May 1, 2004) signals a profound change in the nature of the regulatory framework for technology licensing under EU competition law. This book examines the new Regulation in detail, placing it in the wider context of: (i) the context of the modernisation reforms of EC competition law generally; and (ii) the changes in treatment of "technology transfer" within the broader context of changes in treatment of IP rights over technology more generally. The book also considers the approach to assessment of IP issues set out in the Guidelines that accompany the Regulation. The central feature of the Commission's new approach is that firms and practitioners must engage in self-assessment to determine whether their agreements comply with Community competition law. Paradoxically, this makes it more important that practitioners understand the significance of the old case law: the book considers to what extent these cases remain valid today. It also goes beyond paraphrasing the Commission's Guidelines, discussing their legal basis and, where appropriate, criticising the approach taken by the Guidelines where the legal basis is unsure.
Barbados
Authors: Bernd Hillebrands , Katrin Falk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Barbados’ house of assembly was founded in 1639, which means that Barbados enjoys the third-oldest and uninterrupted tradition of parliamentary elections in the Commonwealth. However, as in the other colonies of the British West Indies, suffrage was restricted to the white population, in the case of Barbados until 1831 and property requirements remained in force until 1950.
Bolivia
Authors: Jorge Lazarte R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bolivia is a multicultural and pluriethnic country with an indigenous majority, and a population estimated at 8,274,325 according to the 2001 census. Its major natural resources, which have greatly influenced the history of the country, are distributed across a territory of 1,098,581 square kilometers. Today, Bolivia is one of the poorest countries in the region, with one of the fastest growing rates of income inequality.
Social Entrepreneurship: It is for Corporations, Too
Authors: Austin James E , Leonard Herman B , Reficco, Ezequiel , Wei-Skillern Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historically, entrepreneurship has been the basic engine that gives rise to new ventures—the driving force behind the dramatic growth and development of the business sector. Entrepreneurs identify business opportunities and mobilize resources to create new enterprises. Recognizing that traditional management approaches did not often produce the dynamic innovation that characterized new venture entrepreneurship, corporate leaders have in recent decades attempted to bring entrepreneurial processes into their organizations. This ‘corporate entrepreneurship ‘ is aimed at spotting and redefining market opportunities through innovative strategies, processes, and organizations that would generate new competitive advantage.
Solicitors’ Negligence And Liability
Authors: Davies Mark R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Professional negligence is an expanding area of interest and Solicitors’ Negligence and Liability is a new and authoritative stand alone text providing coverage of the major topics of solicitors’ negligence and liability. Readily accessible and functional, this specialist desk guide is clearly laid out for quick and precise analysis of the specific topic areas of contractual duties, tortious duties, equitable obligations, undertakings, defences, remedies, solicitors’ indemnity insurance and also gives unique and valuable coverage of professional regulation. This is an essential reference guide for practising lawyers specialising in solicitors’ negligence but will be of value for any solicitor wishing to be reminded of the pitfalls in practice they are hoping to avoid.
Regulation
Authors: Davies Mark R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Section 1 of the Solicitors Act 1974 provides that a person is qualified to practise as a solicitor only if he or she has been admitted, retains his or her name on the Roll and has in force a current practising certificate issued by the SRA. A person will be practising as a solicitor if he or she is involved in legal practice (including the provision of business services of the type provided by a solicitor) and: the person’s involvement depends on being a solicitor; is held out explicitly or implicitly2 as a practising solicitor; is employed explicitly or implicitly as a solicitor or is deemed to be acting as a solicitor under the provisions of section 1A of the 1974 Act.
Litigation And Family Proceedings
Authors: Davies Mark R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Litigation provides a common source of negligence claims against solicitors. For example, Zurich, which provides professional indemnity insurance to around 23 per cent of solicitors, reported that in 2005–2006 litigation was in second place (after residential property and remortgaging) with regard to numbers of claims, at 22 per cent. Litigation is as much an art as a science in that, whilst a solicitor must demonstrate reasonable competence with regard to appropriate law and procedure, a particularly skilful solicitor may be able to use law and procedure to gain advantage over his or her less skilful opponent.
Mortgage Fraud
Authors: Davies Mark R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The role of a solicitor acting for a mortgage lender in the conveyancing process places him or her in a special position regarding the protection of the lender client’s interests. One of the solicitor’s obligations may be to protect the lender against fraudulent activity. The recent history of mortgage fraud can be dated back to around 1988, having become a serious problem during the property boom of the late 1980s.
The Spread of a ‘Human Resources ‘ Culture: Institutional Individualism and the Rise of Personal Development Training
Authors: Luo Xiaowei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an era of increasing globalization, human resources have been considered as the ultimate competitive advantage for corporations (Pfeffer 1994), fostering the rapid spread of a new model of human resources training centered on personal development (Monahan, Meyer, and Scott 1994). Actual and perceived globalization has played an important part in the rise and diffusion of this new ‘human resources’ culture.
The Rights Protected: France and Germany To 1928
Authors: Adeney Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the foregoing chapter we have briefly looked at the doctrinal beginnings of moral rights. Both French and German jurists contributed throughout the 19th century and into the 20th century to the development of moral rights concepts and the legal constructs which contained them. It was the achievement of these jurists to take scattered principles that had been developing for centuries and work them into an intellectually coherent body of law.
Agreement Phenomena in Sign Language of the Netherlands
Authors: Zwitserlood Inge , Gijn Ingeborg Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For some years, linguists have tried to account for the occurrence and interpretation of null arguments by relating them to (rich) agreement (among others Taraldsen 1980; Chomsky 1981; Rizzi 1982). However, numerous problems were encountered. Some languages (such as German) appear not to allow null arguments, even though they have rich agreement systems. Other languages (such as Chinese) do allow null arguments, but have no agreement at all.
Application In Time of Regulation 2790/99
Authors: Wijckmans Frank , Tuytschaever Filip , Vanderelst Alain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The application in time is governed by Articles 12 and 13 of Regulation 2790/99. According to these provisions, from 1 January 2001 onwards, all vertical agreements must comply with the conditions of Regulation 2790/99 in order to beneﬁt from block exemption under the said regulation. The block exemption expires on 31 May 2010.
This application in time also applies to the non-EC Member States of the EEA Agreement.
Marxist Thought and the Analysis of Work
Authors: Hyman Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marx was anything but a detached academic observer of the world of work: he was passionately engaged in the struggles of the emergent labor movements within, and against, the new capitalist society in which wage-labor was becoming the dominant form of work. As he famously declared, the task was not only to interpret the world but to change it.
Technology and Work
Authors: Bélanger Jacques 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After a period when the study of technology became rather outmoded, the information technology revolution has made it an important focus of research again, and led to debates on electronic surveillance and the Panopticon. Drawing on both the classic works and some recent contributions, this chapter discusses these issues but takes some distance from the most alarmist scenarios by insisting on the foremost importance of social relations. It throws light on the structuring influence of technology but also insists there is still much room for agency. At the end, social relations still prevail.
Collaboration in Supply ChainsWith and Without Trust
Authors: MacDuffie fohn Paul , Helper Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The growth of collaboration hasoccurred over the last few decades not only within firms but also across firms, through elaboration of complex supplychain and alliance relationships. The automobile industry has long been used as an exemplar of important economic phenomena involving supply chains. For most of the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, mass production was dominant and the automotive industry was highly vertically integrated. During this period, economists dating back to Coase focused on determining why and when agiven component would be procured outside the firm, in a market transaction, rather than supplied internally from a wholly owned subsidiary, through hierarchical coordination governed by transfer pricing. (See for example Coase 1937; Klein et al. 1978.)
Surveillance And Intelligence Law Handbook
Authors: Williams Dr Victoria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This handbook, containing annotated materials and case summaries brought together in one volume, is an essential guide for practitioners, police officers, and other investigators alike. Focusing on the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) and the Investigatory Powers Tribunal established by the Act, it is a practical tool for use both pre-trial and during trial. The book includes all relevant materials and guidance, case law, codes, rules, and regulations with commentary, footnotes, and cross-referencing to key sections, providing quick and easy access to the law relating to surveillance and the covert gathering of intelligence.
An Overview
Authors: Coffee John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three principal professions: accounting, law, and securities analysis, have evolved to offer gatekeeping services to investors. A fourth gatekeeper, the credit-rating agency, also merits examination, even if the few entities engaged in this work do not amount to a full-scale profession, because their specialized services are much relied upon by investors and because their different institutional arrangements and legal status furnish an instructive counterpoint.