bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Mental Health, Cultural Identity and Cultural Values in Non-English Speaking Background (NESB) Australian Adolescents
Authors: Sawrikar Pooja , Hunt Caroline J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn Australia, acculturating adolescents from a non-English speaking background (NESB) face two important challenges: developing a cultural identity and establishing a set of cultural values. These challenges are achieved by balancing a native and Australian orientation. It was expected that NESB adolescents who did not achieve these tasks would experience poor mental health. This study focused on adolescents because a significant relationship between cultural identity, cultural values and mental health in this group will highlight a need for sensitivity to such cultural and developmental issues. Two hundred and sixty-three NESB adolescents completed questionnaires that assessed cultural identity (Australian and native), cultural values (individualism and collectivism), state mental health (depression, anxiety and stress) and trait mental health (positive affectivity [PA] and negative affectivity [NA]). Results indicated that high Australian pride and high native pride are associated with lower depression, anxiety, stress and NA, and higher PA. Results also indicated that adolescents high on individualism and collectivism reported lower depression and stress, and higher PA. Furthermore, adolescents with a separated cultural identity (high native pride and low Australian pride) reported the highest levels of depression, but adolescents with separated cultural values (high collectivism and low individualism) reported the lowest levels of depression and anxiety. We concluded that cultural identity and cultural values are differentially related to mental health, and such relationships, albeit moderate, emerge during adolescence.
Parental Perceptions of Overprotection: Specific to Anxious Children or Shared Between Siblings?
Authors: Hudson Jennifer L. , Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractParents of children with anxiety disorders (n = 45) and parents of nonclinical children (n = 33) were interviewed regarding the rearing of two children in their family. The purpose of the study was to determine whether overprotective parenting, according to parent report, occurs specifically in the context of relationships with the anxiety-disordered child or whether parents also perceive themselves to be overprotective of the anxious child's sibling. Self-reports of overprotection by parents of anxious children were also compared to self-reports of overprotection by parents of nonclinical children. Mothers in the clinical group were more likely to report that they were more protective of the anxious child than they were to report being either more protective of the sibling or equally protective of both children. Both mothers and fathers in the clinical group were no more likely than nonclinical parents to perceive themselves as being more protective overall than other parents.
Serum proteins profile as an indicator of malignancy: multivariate logistic regression and ROC analyses
Authors: Rasouli Mehdi , Okhovatian Ali , Enderami Atena 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins of 85 patients carrying different types of neoplasia and 85 matched healthy adults were comparatively studied by agarose gel electrophoresis, to find out if there is a specific protein pattern common to different types of cancer. Each protein fraction was analyzed quantitatively by densitometry. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed using SPSS software. When total protein and albumin were measured by colorimetric methods, cancer patients, compared to controls, had a decreased concentration of total protein (66.0±11.5g/L vs. 76.4±6.8g/L, p≤0.0001) and of albumin (39.0±8.1g/L vs. 46.0±4.3g/L, p≤0.0001). The electrophoretic data of serum proteins showed that the ratio of albumin to globulin (0.92±0.30 vs. 1.21±0.16, p≤0.0001), percent of the fractions albumin (46.7±8.5% vs. 54.4±3.5%, p≤0.0001) and β-globulin (11.6±4.4% vs. 13.0±1.9%, p≤0.001) were decreased and α
Alterations of glycosaminoglycan metabolism in the development of diabetic complications in relation to metabolic control
Authors: Komosińska-Vassev Katarzyna , Olczyk Krystyna , Koźma Ewa M. , Olczyk Paweł , Wisowski Grzegorz , Winsz-Szczotka Katarzyna 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDisturbed metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of late diabetic complications. The effect of diabetic complications and metabolic control on both total serum GAGs content and the serum activity of lysosomal glycosidases (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, α-L-fucosidase, β-D-galactosidase, and α-D-mannosidase) contributing to GAGs degradation, was investigated in 48 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The activity of β-D-glucosidase and acid phosphatase, the lysosomal enzymes unrelated to GAGs metabolism, was determined for comparison. The elevated serum total GAG concentration in diabetic patients was strongly and positively influenced by poor metabolic compensation of diabetes and the presence of vascular complications. A similar tendency has been shown in regard to the activity of enzymes involved in GAG degradation, especially N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, α-L-fucosidase and β-D-galactosidase. Furthermore, the total serum GAG concentrations, as well as the activity of lysosomal enzymes involved in the extracellular matrix degradation, closely followed metabolic compensation, regardless of diabetic vascular complications. Thus, we suggest that increased values of the investigated parameters may indicate the degree of endothelial cell dysfunction and may be useful to predict the development of diabetic vascular pathology.
Diagnostic and analytical performance of a screening panel for allergy
Authors: Herzum Ileana , Blümer Nicole , Kersten Werner , Renz Harald 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWorldwide, allergic diseases are increasing in prevalence and incidence. Early assessment of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitisation status has a major impact on clinical outcome and selection of therapeutic options. Recently, a number of new IgE-detecting test systems have entered the market, including screening tests allowing identification of a wide spectrum of sensitising allergens. We evaluated the analytical and diagnostic performance of the newly developed Allergy Screen test panel for atopy (Mediwiss Analytic, Moers, Germany). The evaluation was performed for four major respiratory and four major nutritional allergens in 142 patients with clinical suspicion of respiratory and/or food allergies. For all allergens, the test showed acceptable concordance to the skin-prick test and the in vitro IgE CAP system (Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany). The analytical performance was acceptable, with CVs between 2 and 8% in the positive range and good dilution linearity (R=0.9735). Imprecision in the low IgE concentration range dramatically improved by lowering the cut-off value to 0.2IU/mL IgE. In conclusion, the Allergy Screen panel yields reliable results in the detection of allergic sensitisation to common allergens.
Fluorescence Anisotropy Imaging Reveals Localization of meso‐Tetrahydroxyphenyl Chlorin in the Nuclear Envelope
Authors: Foster Thomas H. , Pearson Benjamin D. , Mitra Soumya , Bigelow Chad E. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTWe have measured the intrinsic fluorescence anisotropies of six photosensitizers in homogeneous solution, and we have imaged the anisotropies of these sensitizers in tumor cell monolayers using polarization‐sensitive laser‐scanning confocal microscopy. The intrinsic anisotropies are unremarkable and are within the approximate range of 0.2–0.27. In cells, however, very interesting behavior is exhibited by meso‐tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC). Polarization‐sensitive images of mTHPC's fluorescence show a pronounced banding of alternating high and low anisotropy consistent with an ordering of the sensitizer in the nuclear envelope, indicating that this structure is a target of photodynamic damage with this sensitizer. None of the other sensitizers exhibits localization to the nuclear envelope. The frequency distributions of the intracellular anisotropies of the sensitizers exhibit variable peaks and widths. An unusual case is that of Photofrin, with a peak in its anisotropy frequency distribution of –0.12. The change from a positive intrinsic anisotropy in homogeneous solution to a negative value in cells suggests an environmentally induced change in the relative orientations of the absorption and emission dipole moments.
Zintl Phases as Thermoelectric Materials: Tuned Transport Properties of the Compounds CaxYb1–xZn2Sb2
Authors: Gascoin F. , Ottensmann S. , Stark D. , Haïle S. M. , Snyder G. J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractZintl phases are ideal candidates for efficient thermoelectric materials, because they are typically small‐bandgap semiconductors with complex structures. Furthermore, such phases allow fine adjustment of dopant concentration without disrupting electronic mobility, which is essential for optimizing thermoelectric material efficiency. The tunability of Zintl phases is demonstrated with the series CaxYb1–xZn2Sb2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). Measurements of the electrical conductivity, Hall mobility, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity (in the 300–800 K temperature range) show the compounds to behave as heavily doped semiconductors, with transport properties that can be systematically regulated by varying x. Within this series, x = 0 is the most metallic (lowest electrical resistivity, lowest Seebeck coefficient, and highest carrier concentration), and x = 1 is the most semiconducting (highest electrical resistivity, highest Seebeck coefficient, and lowest carrier concentration), while the mobility is largely independent of x. In addition, the structural disorder generated by the incorporation of multiple cations lowers the overall thermal conductivity significantly at intermediate compositions, increasing the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT. Thus, both zT and the thermoelectric compatibility factor (like zT, a composite function of the transport properties) can be finely tuned to allow optimization of efficiency in a thermoelectric device.
Resorcin[4]arene Cavitand‐Based Molecular Switches
Authors: Azov V. A. , Beeby A. , Cacciarini M. , Cheetham A. G. , Diederich F. , Frei M. , Gimzewski J. K. , Gramlich V. , Hecht B. , Jaun B. , Latychevskaia T. , Lieb A. , Lill Y. , Marotti F. , Schlegel A. , Schlittler R. R. , Skinner P. J. , Seiler P. , Yamakoshi Y. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractResorcin[4]arene cavitands with four quinoxaline bridges are a family of macrocycles that adopt, at elevated temperature, a contracted, vase‐type conformation, capable of guest inclusion, whereas at low temperature they switch to an expanded, kite‐type conformation with a large flat surface. The present investigations lay the foundation for the use of such dynamic cavitands as miniaturized mechanical grippers for supramolecular construction at the single‐molecule level. New vase–kite switching modes, stimulated by pH changes or stoichiometric metal‐ion complexation, have been discovered and monitored by 1H NMR and optical absorption spectroscopy. The solid‐state geometries of the two states have been revealed by X‐ray crystallography, and the kinetics and thermodynamics of the switching processes in solution as well as their solvent dependency has been investigated in great detail. Monolayers of the cavitand in the vase form have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy at molecular resolution; conformational switching is also observed in Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface. Synthetic protocols have been developed for preparation of partially and asymmetrically bridged resorcin[4]arene cavitands, which are also shown to undergo conformational switching. These synthetic advances pave the way to new, dynamic molecular receptors for steroids, tetrathiofulvalene‐bridged grippers with the potential to undergo electrochemically induced conformational switching, and systems with greatly extended, rigid cavity walls functionalized at the termini by dipyrrometheneboron difluoride dyes. The latter cavitands are shown by fluorescence resonance energy transfer to undergo geometrically precisely defined motions between a contracted (≈ 7 Å linear extension) and a strongly expanded (≈ 7 nm linear extension) state.
Macroporous Silicon Microcavities for Macromolecule Detection
Authors: Ouyang H. , Christophersen M. , Viard R. , Miller B. L. , Fauchet P. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMacroporous silicon microcavities for detection of large biological molecules have been fabricated from highly doped n‐type silicon. Well‐defined controllable pore sizes up to 120 nm have been obtained by systematically optimizing the etching parameters. The dependence of the sensor sensitivity on pore size is discussed. Excellent infiltration inside these macroporous silicon microcavities is demonstrated using 60 nm diameter latex spheres and rabbit IgG (150 kDa; 1Da = 1 g mol–1). The sensing performance of the device is tested using a biotin/streptavidin couple, and protein concentration down to 1–2 μM (equivalent to 0.3 ng mm–2) could be detected. Simulations show that the sensitivity of the technique is currently approximately 1–2 % of a protein monolayer.
Efficient Infrared Electroluminescent Devices Using Solution‐Processed Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Konstantatos G. , Huang C. , Levina L. , Lu Z. , Sargent E. H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe report efficient electroluminescence in the near‐infrared from PbS–MEH‐PPV (poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene)) large‐area, solution‐cast nanocomposite devices. We employ multivariate optimization of the structural and materials components that govern the radiative, energy‐transfer, and bipolar‐injection efficiencies into the devices. As a result, we report an external electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 0.27 %, which corresponds to an internal electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 1.9 %. The very best devices exhibit internal‐radiative‐efficiency‐limited performance and not transport‐ or capture‐limited performance, indicating that further gains in efficiency may be achieved if the internal radiative efficiency of the nanocrystal–polymer composite can be further increased without compromising transfer and device bipolar‐injection efficiency.
Software system for three‐dimensional volumetric reconstruction of histological sections: A case study for the snake chondrocranium
Authors: Hofstadler‐Deiques Clarice , Walter Marcelo , Mierlo Fábio , Ruduit Rodrigo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractVolumetric digital computer‐assisted reconstruction of histological sections is an attractive possibility for developmental studies. Commercial solutions are very expensive for many educational institutions. Therefore, we developed a software system for three‐dimensional reconstruction of anatomical virtual models. The input data for the system are the digitized images from the histological samples of the chondrocranium of two crotalines, Bothrops jararaca and Crotalus durissus terrificus, and one colubrid, Philodryas olfersii, using a stereomicroscope connected to a digital camera. These images are then manually registered and segmented. We use computer graphics visualization algorithms such as marching cubes and ray casting to generate three‐dimensional visualizations of the volumes. The results show that the digital reconstruction is as good as the manual reconstruction with the advantages of speed of reconstruction, accuracy, and flexibility to handle and study the volume. Compared with commercial options, our system has approximately the same features, and it is available free for the scientific community. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global expression profiling of Bacillus subtilis cells during industrial‐close fed‐batch fermentations with different nitrogen sources
Authors: Jürgen Britta , Tobisch Steffen , Wümpelmann Mogens , Gördes Dirk , Koch Andreas , Thurow Kerstin , Albrecht Dirk , Hecker Michael , Schweder Thomas 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA detailed gene expression analysis of industrial‐close Bacillus subtilis fed‐batch fermentation processes with casamino acids as the only nitrogen source and with a reduced casamino acid concentration but supplemented by ammonia was carried out. Although glutamine and arginine are supposed to be the preferred nitrogen sources of B. subtilis, we demonstrate that a combined feeding of ammonia and casamino acids supports cell growth under fed‐batch fermentation conditions. The transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that the additional feeding of ammonia in combination with a reduced amino acid concentration results in a significantly lower expression level of the glnAR or tnrA genes, coding for proteins, which are mainly involved in the nitrogen metabolism of B. subtilis. However, the mRNA levels of the genes of the ilvBHC‐leuABD and hom‐thrCB operons were significantly increased, indicating a valine, leucine, isoleucine, and threonine limitation under these fermentation conditions. In contrast, during the fermentation with casamino acids as the only nitrogen source, several genes, which play a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism of B. subtilis (e.g., glnAR, nasCDE, nrgAB, and ureABC), were up‐regulated, indicating a nitrogen limitation under these conditions. Furthermore, increased expression of genes, which are involved in motility and chemotaxis (e.g., hag, fliT) and in acetoin metabolism (e.g., acoABCL), was determined during the fermentation with the mixed nitrogen source of casamino acids and ammonia, indicating a carbon limitation under these fermentation conditions. Under high cell density and slow growth rate conditions a weak up‐regulation of autolysis genes could be observed as well as the induction of a number of genes involved in motility, chemotaxis and general stress response. Results of this study allowed the selection of marker genes, which could be used for the monitoring of B. subtilis fermentation processes. The data suggest for example acoA as a marker gene for glucose limitation or glnA as an indicator for nitrogen limitation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of 2‐phenylethanol and 2‐phenylethylacetate from L‐phenylalanine by coupling whole‐cell biocatalysis with organophilic pervaporation
Authors: Etschmann Maria M.W. , Sell Dieter , Schrader Jens 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn integrated bioprocess for the production of the natural rose‐like aroma compounds, 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) and 2‐phenylethylacetate (2‐PEAc), from L‐phenylalanine (L‐phe) with yeasts was investigated. The hydrophobicity of the products leads to product inhibition, which can be compensated by in situ product removal (ISPR). An organophilic pervaporation unit, equipped with a polyoctylmethylsiloxane (POMS) membrane, was coupled via a bypass to a bioreactor and proved to be a suitable technique for the in situ removal of high‐boiling products from culture broth. With batch cultures of the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 600 in a standard medium at 35°C, the use of pervaporation resulted in a double 2‐PE concentration (2.2 g/L) and 1.3 g/L 2‐PEAc, which only accumulated transiently in low concentrations during cultivation without ISPR. Using a previously optimized medium, the variation of the temperature from 30°C to 40°C caused an increase in the total conversion yield from 63% to 79%, corresponding to total product concentrations of 5.23 and 5.85 g/L, respectively. In the 40°C batch experiment, the volumetric productivity (2‐PE + 2‐PEAc) during the exponential phase was 5.2 mmol/L h. While for 2‐PE, there is still potential for further optimization, the more hydrophobic 2‐PEAc was nearly completely removed from the aqueous culture broth (enrichment factor >400), resulting in highly aroma‐enriched permeates. Due to the temperature‐correlated performance of the pervaporation, the bioconversion was still efficient even at 45°C (conversion yield: 69%). Surprisingly, at 45°C, the molar ratio of the two products inverted and 2‐PEAc turned out to be the main product (4.0 g/L), which opens easy control of the reaction's selectivity by external means. Retrofitting the process with interim heating and cooling equipment to use different temperature levels for cultivation and pervaporation resulted in a decreased yield and product concentration caused by multiple stress factors. The medium composition affected the pervaporation efficiency with molasses acting detrimental. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The prediction error in CLS and PLS: the importance of feature selection prior to multivariate calibration
Authors: Nadler Boaz , Coifman Ronald R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractClassical least squares (CLS) and partial least squares (PLS) are two common multivariate regression algorithms in chemometrics. This paper presents an asymptotically exact mathematical analysis of the mean squared error of prediction of CLS and PLS under the linear mixture model commonly assumed in spectroscopy. For CLS regression with a very large calibration set the root mean squared error is approximately equal to the noise per wavelength divided by the length of the net analyte signal vector. It is shown, however, that for a finite training set withnsamples inpdimensions there are additional error terms that depend on σ2p2/n2, where σ is the noise level per co‐ordinate. Therefore in the ‘largep—smalln’ regime, common in spectroscopy, these terms can be quite large and even dominate the overall prediction error. It is demonstrated both theoretically and by simulations that dimensional reduction of the input data via their compact representation with a few features, selected for example by adaptive wavelet compression, can substantially decrease these effects and recover the asymptotic error. This analysis provides a theoretical justification for the need to perform feature selection (dimensional reduction) of the input data prior to application of multivariate regression algorithms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.