bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Diagnostic Performance of Clinical Examinations and High‐Frequency Ultrasound in Patients With Pigmented Skin Tumors
Authors: Wang Li‐Fan , Ni Na , Hou Jing‐Jing , Wang Sha , Wang Jing‐Yi , Wang Qiao , Zhu An‐Qi , Zhang Ya‐Qin , Ren Wei‐Wei , Chen Zi‐Tong , Shan Dan‐Dan , Zhao Yu‐Jing , Guo Le‐Hang , Xu Hui‐Xiong 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate whether the integration of high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) to routine clinical examinations could improve diagnostic performance and management decision for pigmented skin tumors.MethodsThree general practitioners trained previously and a dermatologist independently assessed pigmented skin tumors and rendered management decision based on clinical examinations alone or clinical examinations integrating HFUS.ResultsAfter integrating HFUS, the diagnostic area under the curve (AUC) (0.658–0.693 versus 0.848, all P < .05) and specificity (46.6–58.6% versus 89.7%, all P < .05) for pigmented skin malignancies were improved for general practitioners, meanwhile unnecessary biopsy rate reduced (42.9–53.6% versus 10.7%, P < .001). To the dermatologist, the diagnostic AUC (0.822 versus 0.949, P < .001), sensitivity (81.7% versus 96.7%, P = .012) and specificity (0.828 versus 0.931, P = .031) improved significantly, meanwhile both missed biopsy rate (14.5% versus 4.8%, P = .031) and unnecessary biopsy rate (19.6% versus 7.1%, P = .016) decreased. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of the general practitioner with integrating HFUS could be comparable with the dermatologist based on clinical examinations alone (all P > .05).ConclusionsAs a complementary tool of clinical examinations, HFUS could help physicians differentiate pigmented skin malignancies and manage decision.
Dryland nitrogen deposition induces microbiome‐driven increases in biocrust respiration and losses of soil carbon
Authors: Dou Weiqiang , Xiao Bo , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Revillini Daniel , Kidron Giora J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiocrusts are a dominant component in drylands worldwide and play critical roles in supporting soil microbial diversity and carbon (C) stocks. Nitrogen (N) fertilization associated with human activities threatens drylands, which are often considered N‐limited ecosystems. Here, we conducted a field experiment in two contrasting soil types (loess vs. sand) to investigate the impacts of low (30 kg N ha−1 year−1) and high (90 kg N ha−1 year−1) fertilization on moss‐biocrust dominated traits, soil nutrients, microbial taxonomic richness, soil C stocks and respiration rates (Rs). We showed that 5 months of N addition resulted in reductions in soil organic C content by 91% and increased both soil microbial richness and diversity. Our results further showed that relative to controls, low levels of N addition increased biocrust Rs by 52% through increased moss biomass and density (38% and 73%) and microbial taxonomic richness and diversity (18% and 23%), while no significant changes in biocrust Rs were observed after high levels of N addition. Considering multiple environmental factors simultaneously, we show that N fertilization indirectly promoted soil respiration and C losses via increases in microbial richness and diversity, which are critical drivers of soil function. Our work provides solid evidence that N deposition, even at low levels of N addition, can result in rapid losses of C in dryland soils. Our findings suggest that to maintain healthy dryland ecosystems and promote C, we must mitigate future land degradation and minimize anthropogenic N deposition.
Converting natural forests to tea plantations reduced soil phosphorus sorption capacity in subtropical China
Authors: Wang Xinlin , Zhang Haikuo , Sun Hongyang , Chang Scott X. , Lin Yang , Cai Yanjiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConverting natural forests to agricultural lands has been widespread globally due to increasing population and the demand for food. Phosphorus (P) is often applied to agricultural lands in excessive amounts which can saturate the natural P sorption capacity of the soil, leading to P leaching and subsequent off‐site water eutrophication. We studied the effect of land‐use conversion from natural forests to tea plantations on total soil P, P fractions, and P sorption capacity in subtropical China. Compared to natural forests, total soil P concentrations increased significantly in both 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths in tea plantations, indicative of the accumulation of P fertilizer. The increases in total soil P were primarily found in NaOH‐extractable inorganic P and residual P fractions in both depths, suggesting that P fertilizer was sorbed and occluded into more stable forms due to the high abundance of sorbents (i.e., iron [Fe], aluminum [Al] minerals, and clay). Across all soil samples, oxalate‐extractable Fe was the best predictor of soil maximum P sorption capacity (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). Surprisingly, the conversion from natural forests to tea plantations decreased both oxalate‐extractable Fe concentration and soil maximum P sorption capacity, hereby increasing the degree of P saturation in soils. Depletion of P sorbents (i.e., soil amorphous Fe) is likely a consequence of Fe removal through tea production and soil erosion, indicating soil degradation. Plantation soils have also shown other signs of degradation including the loss of nutrients (e.g., total soil nitrogen and oxalate‐extractable calcium) and soil organic matter. Our results demonstrate that the conversion of natural forests to tea plantations reduced the ability of the soil to sorb P by both saturating the natural P sorption capacity and depleting P sorbents. Soil degradation resulting from land‐use conversion has increased the environmental risk of P leaching loss, emphasizing the need for improved P fertilization management.
Clinical feature‐based diagnosis criteria of eosinophil and non‐eosinophil chronic rhinosinusitis in Taiwan
Authors: Ma Jia‐Hung , Hsieh Bing‐Han , Huang Shuang‐Shuang , Li Yu‐Ting , Tsou Yung‐An , Lin Chia‐Der , Tai Chih‐Jaan , Shih Liang‐Chun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) has increased in Taiwan with a higher recurrence rate of nasal polyps after surgery. Therefore, we aimed to formulate the pre‐operative diagnostic criteria for patients with ECRS in Taiwan.MethodsThis case–control study included patients diagnosed with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) at a tertiary hospital in Taiwan. The patients were classified into ECRS and non‐eosinophilic CRS (NECRS) groups based on their histopathology. Demographic data, symptom severity scores, and computed tomography findings of the two groups were analyzed. We utilized receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis to evaluate parameters that could predict the diagnosis of ECRS.ResultsTotal 408 CRSwNP patients were enrolled (ECRS group: 163; NECRS group: 245). ECRS group was strongly associated with asthma (6.1% vs. 2.0%, p = .03), higher blood eosinophil counts (4.3% vs. 2.7%, p < .01), higher serum IgE (285.3 vs. 50.2 IU/mL, p = .02), and higher 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score (40.5 vs. 36.7, p = .03). The ECRS criteria based on ROC curve included the SNOT‐22 (>45, 2 points), serum eosinophil count percentage (>4%, 4 points), asthma (4 points), total serum IgE (>140 IU/mL, 4 points), Lund–Mackay score (>9.5, 4 points), and ethmoid‐to‐maxillary opacification ratio on CT (>1.5, 5 points). The cutoff score was 14 points (sensitivity, 70.2%; specificity, 93.3%).ConclusionsClinical‐feature‐based criteria may predict the diagnosis of ECRS before FESS in Taiwan.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Deciphering sources and processing of dissolved black carbon in coastal seas
Authors: Bao Hongyan , Niggemann Jutta , Du Moge , Zhao Weiqiang , Huang Dekun , Yi Yuanbi , Yang Jin‐Yu Terence , Dittmar Thorsten , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDissolved black carbon (DBC) is the largest known slow‐cycling organic carbon pool in the ocean; yet, its sources and processing in the coastal seas remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study in the East China Sea and South Yellow Sea to quantify and molecularly characterize DBC using benzene polycarboxylic acids (DBCBPCA) and ultra‐high resolution mass spectrometry (DBCFT), respectively. The concentration of DBCBPCA was 0.70–1.9 μmol C L−1 and exhibited a significant negative correlation with salinity. Significant correlations were also observed between salinity and molecular characters (oxygen‐to‐carbon ratio; double bond equivalent; molecular weight) of DBCFT. These findings collectively suggest that mixing processes primarily control the concentration and composition of DBC. A two‐end‐member mixing model revealed that riverine input and offshore water contributed ~ 22% and 63%, respectively, to the DBCBPCA in the study region. Additionally, atmospheric deposition and potentially other unidentified sources contributed at least ~ 15% DBCBPCA, assuming no removal. Furthermore, ~ 70% of DBCFT in the coastal seawater could be found in the river water, and aerosols, which was in line with the information from DBCBPCA. Our study provides the first comprehensive assessment of both the sources and influential processes of DBC in coastal seas, highlighting the importance of additional sources, such as atmospheric deposition, and emphasizing the need to identify previously unknown sources of DBC.
Opto‐Mechano‐Thermo‐Sensitive Allochroic Luminescence Based on Solution‐Grown Halide Double Perovskite Crystal
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xie Wanying , Lin Zenggang , Huang Xiuxiang , Yang Yuzhu , Liu Weisheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultimode luminescence generally exhibits tunable photon emission through multidimensional stimuli, demonstrating high‐throughput and facile identification for anticounterfeiting and encryption. Nevertheless, producing multimodal luminescent materials through low‐temperature treatment remains a challenge. Herein, the Mn2+/Er3+ co‐doped Cs2Ag0.8Na0.2InCl6 perovskite material (reaction temperature of 180 °C) achieves long‐persistent luminescence, multicolor luminescence, and upconversion emission by responding to several types of excitations ranging from UV to NIR and mechanical force. The adjustable energy transfer process between self‐trapped excitons (STE) and Mn2+ ions achieves multicolor luminescence with temperatures ranging from 97 to 397 K. Theoretical calculation reveals that the important role of Mn2+ dopants and Na+ dopants in the modulation of local electronic environments and the afterglow emission comes from carriers escaping from the trap center (primarily caused by Cl vacancy and interstitial Na) to the local emission center (Mn2+ ions). This integrated multimodal luminescent material provides a novel direction for the development of multifunctional optical materials and devices.
Fabrication of hydrothermal ageing resistant of 3 mol % yttria‐stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline via microwave sintering
Authors: Ting C. H. , Ting M. L. , Chin K. L. , Yew M. C. , Jun H. K. , Liang M. S. , Ng C. K. , Ramesh S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe influence of microwave sintering on the densification, mechanical performances, microstructure evolution and hydrothermal ageing behaviour of pure 3 mol % yttria‐stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y‐TZP) ceramics was compared with conventional sintered samples. Green bodies were sintered via conventional pressure‐less and microwave sintering method between 1200 °C to 1400 °C with dwelling time and firing rate at 120 min, 10 °C/min and 1 min, 20 °C/min. Result showed that reduced processing temperature and holding time is possible with microwave sintering technique for fabricating good resistant zirconia sample with bulk density, Young's modulus, and Vicker's hardness that are comparable to samples sintered with conventional method. However, the microwave sintered samples suffered from hydrothermal ageing where their average grain size is above critical size. The enhancement of hydrothermal ageing resistance of the sintered samples is associated with the decreasing grain size of the sintered samples instead of sintering method.
Microstructural analysis of martensitic hard surfacing on low chromium alloy steel
Authors: Oo H.Z. , Muangjunburee P. , Abd Rahim S.Z. , Treeparee T. , Srikarun B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on the metallurgical characterization of single and multi‐layer martensitic hard surfacing onto non‐standardized low‐chromium alloy steel with a single buttering layer using an automatic submerged arc welding process as a standard reference. The metallurgical properties of hard surfaced samples are examined using an optical microscope, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffractometer. Micro‐Vickers hardness testing is also conducted to analyze and confirm the metallographic results of hard surfacing. The current study finds that the microstructure of each region is influenced by three key factors: chemical composition, heat input, and dilution. The structural type is determined by the chemical composition of materials, heat input influences the structural characteristics in the heat‐affected zone (needle‐shape martensite and tempered martensite), and dilution affects the structural characteristics of the hard surfacing layers (martensite with retained austenite). Comparing multi‐layer hard surfacing to single‐hard surfacing, the hardness values of the heat‐affected zone of the multi‐layer hard surfacing are greatly reduced, while the hardness values of the hard surfacing layers are raised.
Waiting for the right time and tide: The fine-scale migratory behavior of river herring in two coastal New England streams
Authors: Rillahan Christopher B. , He Pingguo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis, collectively referred to as river herring, are anadromous clupeids inhabiting the North American Atlantic coast. Although the seasonal patterns of their spawning migration are well studied and predictable, the fine-scale movements are still poorly resolved.

Methods
This study used high-resolution acoustic imaging to study the fine-scale behavior of river herring during their spring spawning migration in two coastal rivers in Massachusetts, United States.

Result
Observations suggest that seasonal patterns of migration appear to be influenced by temperature, while fine-scale patterns in migration were associated with the time of day, tidal state, and their interaction. River herring were consistently observed during both day and night, with elevated peaks of activity in the early morning and late afternoon. Daytime movement consisted of the intermittent passage of large, dense schools, while nighttime movement consisted of the frequent passage of individuals or small groups. The highest numbers of herring observations were associated with flood and high tides. Additionally, the interactions between time of day and tidal state resulted in synergistic positive effects during crepuscular incoming tides, which were favorable to movement, and synergistic negative effects during midday low tides, which inhibited fish movement.

Conclusion
The changing relationship between the time of day and tidal state within the season manifested in changing periodicity in fish movement to correlate with favorable movement conditions. Since movements may be related to both time of day and tide, previous run size estimates from visual counts made only during the day may be too low. Sampling methodologies that collect information during all 24 h would likely produce the most accurate run size estimates. This study highlights the need to view river herring migration in a holistic context predicated by multiple environmental and biological factors that vary at several temporal scales (i.e., seasonally, daily, and hourly).
Low‐field, not low quality: 1D simplification, selective detection, and heteronuclear 2D experiments for improving low‐field NMR spectroscopy of environmental and biological samples
Authors: Downey Katelyn , Bermel Wolfgang , Soong Ronald , Lysak Daniel H. , Ronda Kiera , Steiner Katrina , Costa Peter M. , Wolff William W. , Decker Venita , Busse Falko , Goerling Benjamin , Haber Agnes , Simpson Myrna J. , Simpson Andre J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding environmental change is challenging and requires molecular‐level tools to explain the physicochemical phenomena behind complex processes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key tool that provides information on both molecular structures and interactions but is underutilized in environmental research because standard “high‐field” NMR is financially and physically inaccessible for many and can be overwhelming to those outside of disciplines that routinely use NMR. “Low‐field” NMR is an accessible alternative but has reduced sensitivity and increased spectral overlap, which is especially problematic for natural, heterogeneous samples. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate and apply innovative experiments that could minimize these challenges and improve low‐field NMR analysis of environmental and biological samples. Spectral simplification (JRES, PSYCHE, singlet‐only, multiple quantum filters), selective detection (GEMSTONE, DREAMTIME), and heteronuclear (reverse and CH3/CH2/CH‐only HSQCs) NMR experiments are tested on samples of increasing complexity (amino acids, spruce resin, and intact water fleas) at‐high field (500 MHz) and at low‐field (80 MHz). A novel experiment called Doubly Selective HSQC is also introduced, wherein 1H signals are selectively detected based on the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of 1H–13C J‐coupled pairs. The most promising approaches identified are the selective techniques (namely for monitoring), and the reverse and CH3‐only HSQCs. Findings ultimately demonstrate that low‐field NMR holds great potential for biological and environmental research. The multitude of NMR experiments available makes NMR tailorable to nearly any research need, and low‐field NMR is therefore anticipated to become a valuable and widely used analytical tool moving forward.
A pilot study on the relationship between thrombospondin‐1 (THBS1) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) in the bovine placenta during early mid‐pregnancy as well as parturition with normally released and retained placenta
Authors: Wawrzykowski Jacek , Jamioł Monika , Kankofer Marta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring pregnancy, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for the development of the placenta and the fetus. However, during parturition, the placenta must be separated and subsequently removed as soon as possible to not expose the female to the possibility of infection. In this study, the relationship between thrombospondin‐1 (THBS1) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) concentrations was described during bovine pregnancy (second, fourth, and sixth months; n = 3/each month), at normal parturition (NR) and parturition with fetal membrane retention (R). The presence of THBS1 and TGFβ1 was confirmed in bovine placental tissues of both maternal and fetal parts. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in THBS1 concentrations (pg/mg protein) between examined parturient samples (maternal part: 5.76 ± 1.61 in R vs. 2.26 ± 1.58 in NR; fetal part: 2.62 ± 1.94 in R vs. 1.70 ± 0.23 in NR). TGFβ1 concentrations (pg/mg protein) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the retained fetal membranes compared to the released fetal membranes in the maternal part of the placenta (26.22 ± 7.53 in NR vs. 17.80 ± 5.01 in R). The participation of THBS1 in the activation of TGFβ1 in parturient bovine placental tissues leading to the normal release of fetal membranes may be suggested.
T1 mapping of myocardium in rats using self‐gated golden‐angle acquisition
Authors: Vitouš Jiří , Jiřík Radovan , Stračina Tibor , Hendrych Michal , Nádeníček Jaroslav , Macíček Ondřej , Tian Ye , Krátká Lucie , Dražanová Eva , Nováková Marie , Babula Petr , Panovský Roman , DiBella Edward , Starčuk Zenon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to design a method of myocardial T1 quantification in small laboratory animals and to investigate the effects of spatiotemporal regularization and the needed acquisition duration.MethodsWe propose a compressed‐sensing approach to T1 quantification based on self‐gated inversion‐recovery radial two/three‐dimensional (2D/3D) golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars acquisition with image reconstruction performed using total‐variation spatiotemporal regularization. The method was tested on a phantom and on a healthy rat, as well as on rats in a small myocardium‐remodeling study.ResultsThe results showed a good match of the T1 estimates with the results obtained using the ground‐truth method on a phantom and with the literature values for rats myocardium. The proposed 2D and 3D methods showed significant differences between normal and remodeling myocardium groups for acquisition lengths down to approximately 5 and 15 min, respectively.ConclusionsA new 2D and 3D method for quantification of myocardial T1 in rats was proposed. We have shown the capability of both techniques to distinguish between normal and remodeling myocardial tissue. We have shown the effects of image‐reconstruction regularization weights and acquisition length on the T1 estimates.
Does a consumer co‐designed infographic increase knowledge of physical activity after total knee joint replacement? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hawke Lyndon J. , Shields Nora , Dowsey Michelle M. , Choong Peter F. M. , Taylor Nicholas F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine if a consumer co‐designed infographic increased knowledge of physical activity and self‐efficacy for exercise after total knee joint replacement surgery.MethodsForty‐four adults with primary knee joint replacement surgery were recruited from a public and a private hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental or control group. The experimental group received a consumer co‐designed infographic. All participants received usual care. Primary outcome measures were knowledge of physical activity and self‐efficacy for exercise. Outcomes were administered at baseline, week 1 and week 6. Semi‐structured interviews with experimental group participants explored the acceptability, implementation and efficacy of the infographic.ResultsThere were no between‐group differences for knowledge of physical activity at week 1 (MD −0.02 units, 95% CI −0.9 to 0.9) or week 6 (MD 0.01 units, 95% CI −0.9 to 0.9). Self‐efficacy for exercise increased at week 1 (MD 14.2 units, 95% CI 2.9–25.4) but was not sustained. Qualitative data showed that the infographic was embraced by some participants but not by others.ConclusionsA consumer co‐designed infographic did not improve knowledge of physical activity but may have had a short‐term positive effect on self‐efficacy for exercise after knee joint replacement. Trial registration ACTRN12621000910808.