bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIV-20 Genetic Differences Related to Beef Production Traits in Bos Taurus Or Bos Indicus Influenced Cattle
Authors: Okamoto Lillian , Stegemiller Morgan R , Reichhardt Caleb , Alberto Anthony F , Motsinger Laura A , Bayles Sarah A , Roholt Bryce W , Garcia Matthew D , Murdoch Brenda M , Thornton Kara J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Global climate change has had, and will continue to have, a negative impact on cattle production. With the global population expected to exceed 9 billion people by 2050, improving production efficiency is imperative to optimizing use of available land and natural resources. One potential method of doing so is to increase the percentage of Bos indicus (BI) genetics in the US beef herd. Compared with Bos taurus (BT) cattle, BI influenced cattle are better adapted to nutritional stress, consume less water, are more heat resistant, and have increased resistance to parasites. The objective of this study was to examine the phenotypic and genotypic outcomes of introducing BI genetics into a BT herd in a temperate climate setting. This study included a live animal trial that utilized a total of 115 steers of two different breeds: Angus (AN; n = 83; 100% BT) or Santa Gertrudis influenced (SG; n = 32; 19% BI, 81% BT). All steers were fed a typical feedlot ration for the area in pens equipped with Vytelle units, weighed every 28 d throughout the trial, and harvested at a commercial facility once industry backfat standards were achieved. Breed did not have an effect (P &gt;0.10) on dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain to feed, ribeye fat thickness, hot carcass weight, or USDA yield grade. Intramuscular fat was increased (P = 0.002) in AN steers, and there was a tendency (P = 0.09) for SG steers to spend more time with their heads down during bunk visits. To better examine the genomic differences between the two beef breeds, DNA from 88 (AN = 58, SG = 30) of the 115 steers was isolated. A Bovine GGP 100k assay was completed commercially, and data were analyzed using Excel and the Multi-Locus Mixed Model of SVS. The traits that were analyzed include average daily gain, gain to feed, dry matter intake, hot carcass weight, marbling score, cold camera ribeye size, ribeye fat thickness, and cold camera yield grade. For each trait, further evaluation was done on SNP markers with the greatest P-values. Differences in allelic combinations that contributed to statistical significance was observed in data attained from dry matter intake, hot carcass weight, marbling score, and cold camera yield grade. Further analysis suggested a potential breed effect on marbling score, cold camera yield grade, and cold camera ribeye size. Additional research is warranted to better understand the relationship between genetics and the observed phenotypic traits, as well as conducting similar analysis on feeding behavior characteristics.
PSXI-18 Prediction of Fecal and Urinary Nitrogen Excretion in Growing Pigs Based on the Ingredient Composition
Authors: Kim Hansol , Yoo Seung B , Kim Beob G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective was to develop prediction models for estimating fecal and urinary nitrogen (N) excretion from growing pigs based on ingredient composition. Ninety-three observations were collected from 23 studies that determined fecal N excretion (ranging from 3.6 to 11.6 g/d) and urinary N excretion (2.5 to 54.7 g/d) from pigs with a mean body weight (BW) ranging from 20 to 105 kg. Average daily feed intake (ADFI; 0.7 to 3.2 kg/d) and ingredient composition data were also collected. Fecal N excretion can be estimated based on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of N in the ingredients used for a diet. As the NRC (2012) provides only apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of N, the ratio of ATTD of N to AID of N (NATTD:NAID) is essential to accurately estimate fecal N excretion unless ATTD values of N are available. Based on the NATTD values for 93 diets obtained from the 23 studies in the literature, and the NAID values for the same diets calculated using the NAID for each ingredient in the NRC, NATTD:NAID linearly increased with increasing ADFI: NATTD:NAID = 0.088 × ADFI + 0.917 with r² = 0.42 and P &lt; 0.001. To predict urinary N excretion, it is necessary to determine the limiting standardized ileal digestible (SID) indispensable amino acid (IDAA) order and convert the dietary concentrations of the first-limiting SID IDAA expressed as a percentage of the pig's requirement (IDAA1st, %). The SID IDAA requirements in the 23 studies were calculated using the NRC models. The NRC feed ingredient tables were used to calculate total N, SID IDAA, and SID dispensable AA (DAA) in the diet for these studies. Utilized all SID AA can be estimated using the SID AA intake and urinary N excretion. Assuming that all SID IDAA are utilized up to 100% of their requirements when IDAA1st exceeds 100% of the requirement and that all SID IDAA are utilized up to IDAA1st of their requirements when IDAA1st is lower than 100%, the urinary N excretion can be predicted by estimating the ratio of utilized SID IDAA to utilized all SID AA (SID IDAA:SID all AA, %). Based on the urinary N excretion, IDAA1st (12.5 to 170%) and SID IDAA:SID all AA (31.6 to 84.6%) in the 93 diets, a prediction equation for SID IDAA:SID all AA was developed: SID IDAA:SID all AA = 52.0 + 0.510 × (54.7 – IDAA1st) where IDAA1st is less than 54.7%, with R2 = 0.85. Overall, NATTD:NAID increases linearly with an increase in ADFI. When the IDAA1st exceeds 54.7%, the SID IDAA:SID all AA reaches a plateau of 52.0%, corresponding to a SID IDAA:SID DAA of 52:48.
PSXIII-7 Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus on Blood Profiles, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and Gene Expression of Tight Junction Proteins and Cytokines of Weaned Pigs
Authors: Ahn Jinmu , Kyoung Hyunjin , Park Kyeong Il , Kim Yonghee , Lee Jae In , Ha Sewon , Nam Jinwook , Kim Kimoon , Kang Yonggu , Park Youngmin , Shin Ikcheol , Song Minho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dietary probiotics were used in the animal feeds because of the beneficial effect of improving gut health and immune responses as one of the potential alternatives to antibiotics. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ILDONG Bioscience Co. Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea) on blood profiles, small intestinal morphology, immune responses, and gene expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokines in ileum of weaned pigs. A total of 40 weaned pigs [6.21 ± 0.55 kg of initial body weight (BW); 28-day old] were allotted to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: initial BW) and fed for 4 weeks. Dietary treatments were 1) a commercial basal nursery diet (CON), and 2) CON + 0.02% Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (PRO). The blood samples were collected from randomly selected 1 pig per pen on day 1, 7, 14, and 28 for blood profiles and immune responses. On the last day of experiment, the pigs were euthanized to collect duodenal, jejunal, and ileal segments for intestinal morphology and gene expression analysis. Intestinal morphology was measured villus height, width, area, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and number of goblet cells by hematoxylin and eosin staining method. The blood profiles were measured by using an automated hematology analyzer. The serum samples were used to measure concentrations of cytokines and cortisol by using porcine immunoassay ELISA kits. The gene expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines were measured by qRT-PCR. Data were analyzed by PROC GLM procedure of SAS. Experimental unit was a pen. Statistical model for blood profiles, immune responses, and intestinal morphology included dietary treatment as a main effect and initial BW as a covariate. The t-test was used for ileal gene expression. Pigs fed PRO had lower (P &lt; 0.05) platelet level, crypt depth in duodenum and ileum, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 than those fed CON. The pigs fed PRO downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) TNF-α and interleukin-8 genes compared with those fed CON, but upregulated (P &lt; 0.05) claudin-1 and claudin-2 genes. In conclusion, probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus supplementation in nursery diet improved gut health through modulating blood profiles and immune responses, enhancing intestinal morphology, and regulating tight junction protein genes expression in ileum of weaned pigs.
PSXIII-3 Trace Mineral Source Matters to Reduce Trace Mineral Excretion and Maximize Mineral Retention in Growing Pigs
Authors: Camargo Jesus A Acosta , Foran Chelsie K , Provin Ashley , Hancock Deana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study objective was to determine differences between a methionine hydroxy analog chelated trace mineral blend [MHAC; MINTREX Trace Minerals (Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO)] and sulfate (inorganic) sources of trace minerals (ITM) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and mineral utilization in growing pigs. A total of 10 growing gilts (PIC North America, Hendersonville, TN) weighing 50.5 ± 2.6 kg were randomly assigned to either an MHAC or an ITM dietary treatment. Supplemental Zn, Cu, and Mn levels for both treatments were 100, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Diets were corn-soy-based with phytase added to release 0.09% standardized total tract digestible P. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates for 7-d, including 5 for adaptation and 2 for total fecal and urine collection. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results showed that pigs fed MHAC had a numerical increase in the ATTD of DM compared with ITM (90.9 vs. 89.4%; P = 0.180). Pigs fed MHAC had greater ATTD of Zn than those fed ITM (36.4 vs. 16.8%; P = 0.013), greater Zn retention (87.1 vs. 36.9 mg/d; P = 0.011), and decreased Zn excretion than those fed ITM (159.1 vs. 209.3 mg/d; P = 0.013). Pigs fed MHAC had increased Zn retention:intake compared with ITM (0.353 vs. 0.152; P = 0.014). There was a numerical increase in Zn retention:absorption in pigs fed MHAC compared with ITM (0.977 vs. 0.796; P = 0.128). Pigs fed MHAC had greater ATTD of Cu than those fed ITM (52.5 vs. 30.7%; P = 0.012), had increased Cu retention (25.6 vs. 14.4 mg/d; P = 0.012) and less Cu excretion than those fed ITM (24.1 vs. 35.3 mg/d; P = 0.016). Pigs fed MHAC had increased Cu retention:intake compared with ITM (0.513 vs. 0.293; P = 0.017) and tended to increase Cu retention: absorption (0.980 vs. 0.944; P = 0.057). Pigs fed MHAC had greater ATTD of Mn than ITM (35.8 vs. 14.5%; P = 0.019), had increased Mn retention (42.4 vs. 16.5mg/d; P = 0.017), and less Mn excretion than ITM (77.2 vs. 103.0mg/d; P = 0.017). Pigs fed MHAC had increased Mn retention:intake compared with ITM (0.353 vs. 0.141; P = 0.018). There were no differences between MHAC and ITM in Mn retention:absorption (0.986 vs. 0.986; P = 0.993). Pigs fed MHAC had a numerical increase in the ATTD of P (69.3 vs. 62.9%; P = 0.373), numerically less P excretion (2.94 vs. 3.57g/d; P = 0.348), and numerically greater P retention (6.44 vs. 5.80; P = 0.376) than those fed ITM. In conclusion, pigs fed MHAC had greater Zn, Cu, and Mn availability than ITM. This is likely due to the distribution and utilization of these trace minerals where they are needed. Furthermore, MHAC decreased the excretion of these minerals to nourish the pigs and reduce their impact on the environment through nutrient losses.
PSII-10 Effect of Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin-Like Glycoprotein Treatment on Fertility in Angus Cows Subjected to a 7-Day Co-Synch Protocol
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro M , Maresca Sebastian , López-Valiente Sebastian O , Bartolome Julián A , Pérez-Wallace Santiago , Long Nathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of administering a glycoprotein with equine chorionic gonadotropin like activity produced by recombinant DNA technology (eCG-like) associated with a 7-d Co-Synch protocol on estrus rate (ER) and pregnancy per timed AI (P/TAI). A total of 1,344 suckled Angus cows (primiparous, n = 381; multiparous, n = 963) from 11 herds were scanned at initiation of synchronization protocol by transrectal ultrasonography and the presence of corpus luteum (CL) and uterine tone was used to classify them by cycling. On day -10, cows received 100 μg GnRH analogue and a progesterone intravaginal device (IVD; 1.0g progesterone) for 7 days. At IVD removal, cows were administered 500 μg of cloprostenol and randomly assigned to receive 400 IU of eCG-like glycoprotein (Syntex S.A., Argentina, PCT/EP2019/073277; eCG-like, n = 665) or to remain as untreated (Control, n = 679). Also on day -3, paint was applied on the sacrum to the tail head of each cow. Finally, 100 μg GnRH analog were injected concurrently with TAI on Day 0 (66h after IVD removal) and the ER was evaluated by the degree of paint loss. Pregnancy to TAI was determined on day 30 by transrectal ultrasonography when an embryo and fluid were detected in the uterus. Body condition score (BCS; scale = 1-9) was evaluated on days -10 and 30. Optimal BCS was considered ≥ 5 and BCS balance between days -10 and 30 was classified as negative (lost BCS) or positive (maintained or gained BCS). The associations among treatment, parity, cyclicity at initiation of protocol, optimal BCS on day -10, and their interactions and ER and P/TAI were analyzed by GLIMMIX (SAS 9.3). Estrus expression and BCS balance were also included as effects in the model of pregnancy per TAI. The effect of herd was included as a random effect. The model specifications included an option to retrieve the mean, SEM, and an adjustment for multiple comparisons (Tukey-Kramer). The percentage of acyclic cows was 31.3%. The ER in cyclic cows was 64.9% and the eCG-like treatment increased ER only in anestrus cows (55.8 vs. 44.3%; Treatment x cyclicity interaction; P = 0.03). The percentage of cows with negative BCS balance was 27.2%. The P/TAI in cows with positive BCS balance was 48.4% and the eCG-like treatment increased P/TAI only in cows with negative BCS balance (44.7% vs. 30.5%; Treatment x BCS balance interaction; P = 0.01). In conclusion, the addition of a recombinant eCG-like glycoprotein to a 7-day Co-Synch protocol increased estrus expression in anestrus Angus cows and P/TAI in those with negative body condition score balance. However, this addition did not influence the estrus expression in cycling cows or on P/TAI in those with positive BCS balance.
PSII-8 Comparison of Different Fattening Stages on Rumen Microbiota and Physiological Characteristics in Japanese Black Cattle
Authors: Lee Huseong , Kim Minji , Masaki Tatsunori , Ikuta Kentaro , Iwamoto Eiji , Nishihara Koki , Hirai Makoto , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Terada Fuminori , Roh Sanggun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rumen microbiota and physiological characteristics in Japanese Black cattle during the fattening period, which are known for their distinctive physiological characteristics due to prominent intramuscular fat deposition. The experimental period was categorized into three stages: early (12 to 14 months of age; T1), middle (15 to 22 months; T2), and late fattening phases (23 to 30 months; T3). We analyzed the rumen microbiota of 21 Japanese Black cattle in each phase using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In addition, we examined the correlation between the rumen microbiota and various physiological parameters, such as blood metabolites, hormones, and rumen fermentation characteristics. Our results showed that rumen microbial diversity was greater in T1, and the inter-group distribution of rumen microbiota in T1 was differentiated from T2 and T3. At the genus level, Flexilinea, Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio, Selenomonas and Kandleria were the most abundant in T1. Bifidobacterium, Shuttleworthia and Sharpea were the most abundant in T2. Acetitomaculum, Mycoplasma, Atopobium and Howardella were the most abundant in T3. In correlation analysis, Monoglobus and Olsenella negatively correlated with IGF-1 and positively correlated with cortisol in T1. Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio positively correlated with daily gain, blood total cholesterol, and lactic acid dehydrogenase in T3. Planctomycetota correlated with volatile fatty acid components during the entire period, while Verrucomicrobiota positively correlated with carcass traits in T1. Additionally, functional genetic profiles indicated that rumen microbiota related to carbohydrate metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis was significantly enriched in T1 and T3, respectively. The composition of rumen microbial in Japanese Black cattle varied depending on fattening stages, and this variation is likely attributable to changes in feed composition. Furthermore, specific microorganisms were significantly associated with physiological parameters. Our findings could help in the development of strategies to enhance gut health and productivity by manipulating the rumen microbiota through the changes in diet compositions considering the fattening stages of Japanese Black cattle.
PSII-13 Size and Abundance of Extracellular Vesicles in Cattle During Early to Mid-Gestation Consuming Control Or Restricted Diets
Authors: Pratt Scott , Soyluoglu Meryem , Karanfil Tanju , Delorme Richard , Long Nathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be present in cattle blood, and have been shown to contain miRNA; however, little information is available describing the abundance or size of circulating EVs in cattle during gestion. Our objective was to determine EVs size and abundance in maternal circulation during early and mid-gestation. Cattle were blocked by body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW), synchronized and bred to the same AI sire using male-sexed semen (n = 23). At day 30 post-AI, pregnancy was determined and cattle were allotted to 1 of 3 groups and received a control diet (CON) from d 30 to d 190 of gestation (n = 8), a CON diet from d 30 to d 110 and nutrient-restricted (NR) diet from d 110 to d 190 (CON/NR; n = 8), or an NR diet from d 30 to d 110 and CON diet from d 110 to d 190 (NR/CON; n = 7). BW and BCS were recorded weekly or biweekly, respectively. Blood samples were collected via the coccygeal vein, samples allowed to clot, stored at 4 oC overnight and processed for serum. Serum was stored at -20 oC until used for EVs isolation. Six serum samples were utilized for each diet within each day of gestation. Two samples within each group were pooled giving 3 biological replicates for each group by day combination. EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation procedures, resuspended in 1X PBS and then subjected to nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA; NanoSight NS300, Malvern Panalytical, UK). NTA established a size range across all samples of 31 to over 400 nm indicating the presence of exosomes and larger EVs. NTA data were subjected to ANOVA where day of gestation, diet treatment, and their interaction were the main effects. Student’s t-test among LS means for particle EVs concentration and size were used to determine significance (P &lt; 0.05). Day of gestation affected EVs concentration with 3.9 x 109 ± 2.1 x 108 particles per ml, 1.4 x 109 ± 2.1 x 108 particles per mL and 2.6 x 109 ± 2.2 x 108 particles per mL, at day 30, 110 and 190 of gestation, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). There was a day of gestation by diet effect for the size of EVs with the largest sizes observed for CON, NR and CON/NR group at day 30 and for NR/CON at day 190 (P &lt; 0.05). The smallest EVs were detected on day 110 of gestation for the NR/CON and the CON groups (P &lt; 0.05). These data indicate that EVs size in maternal circulation can be impacted by diet and day of gestation and this observation is most likely linked to the observations of differential abundance of miRNA previously reported.
PSXI-3 Effects of Limit Feeding Complete Diets to High Risk Receiving Calves
Authors: Johnson Michelle , Shelton Cody , Jones Cyle C , Rivera Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Limit feeding cattle may result in more efficient gains, however, limiting intake may result in increased morbidity in higher-risk cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of limit feeding on performance and health of newly received cattle. One hundred sixty-eight crossbred beef steers (BW = 215 ± 21 kg) were purchased from several sale barns in TX and AR and shipped to the University of Arkansas Southwest Research and Extension Center in Hope, AR. One-half the steers arrived one week, and the other one-half arrived the following week. Upon arrival, steers were vaccinated against respiratory and clostridial pathogens, treated with an anthelmintic, and administered a growth-promoting implant (40 mg TBA + 8 mg estradiol). Additionally, each animal was administered a metaphylactic treatment of tulathromycin. Approximately 52% were bulls that were surgically castrated upon arrival. Cattle were stratified by bull status and assigned to pens (n = 7 steers/pen) and pens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment): limit-fed pellet comprised of approximately 12% DDGS and 25% corn gluten feed fed at the rate of 2.25% of BW, without additional hay (NH; 2.25NH); a limit-fed pellet comprised of 12% DDGS and 25% corn gluten feed fed at the rate of 1.75% of BW, without additional hay (1.75NH); or a limit-fed pellet with similar composition as the other two, fed at the rate of 2.0% of BW along with free choice access to long stem hay (H; 2.0H). Cattle were fed diets twice daily at 0800 and 1400 hours, and hay was weighed and offered once per week, with hay refusals weighed back to correct for hay disappearance. Cattle were monitored for symptoms of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and any symptomatic animals were treated with antimicrobial therapy. Cattle were weighed on d 0, 21, 42, 62, and 63. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX, pen was the experimental unit, treatment was a fixed effect, and block (arrival date) was considered random. Body weight was affected by treatment (P &lt; 0.05) on d 42 and 63 with cattle fed 2.25NH and 2.0H having greater BW than 1.75NH. Similarly, ADG was greater from d 0 to 42 and d 0 to 63 for 2.0H and 2.25NH compared with 1.75NH (P &lt; 0.05). Cattle fed 1.75NH and 2.25NH had more efficient feed conversion compared with 2.0H for the entire study (P &lt; 0.05). No differences (P = 0.17) were noted for morbidity, mortality (P = 0.63), or treatment success (P = 0.76). Data from this study suggests limit-fed diets based on by-product feeds could be used for diets in high-risk cattle.