bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of semaphorin receptors, neuropilin and plexin, and their functions in neural development
Authors: Fujisawa Hajime 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe semaphorin receptors neuropilin and plexin were initially identified as antigens for monoclonal antibodies MAb‐A5 and MAb‐B2, which bind to specific neuropiles and plexiform layers within the Xenopus tadpole nervous systems, several years before the discovery of the first semaphorin. This article provides an overview of how neuropilin and plexin were discovered. In addition, it describes the functions of neuropilin in the signaling of chemorepulsive activities of class 3 semaphorins and roles of neuropilin‐mediated semaphorin activities in the directional guidance of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and integration of the peripheral ganglia. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 24–33, 2004
Insights into activity‐dependent map formation from the retinotectal system: A middle‐of‐the‐brain perspective
Authors: Ruthazer Edward S. , Cline Hollis T. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe development of orderly topographic maps in the central nervous system (CNS) results from a collaboration of chemoaffinity cues that establish the coarse organization of the projection and activity‐dependent mechanisms that fine‐tune the map. Using the retinotectal projection as a model system, we describe evidence that biochemical tags and patterned neural activity work in parallel to produce topographically ordered axonal projections. Finally, we review recent experiments in other CNS projections that support the proposition that cooperation between molecular guidance cues and activity‐dependent processes constitutes a general paradigm for CNS map formation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 134–146, 2004
Multiple roles of ephrins during the formation of thalamocortical projections: Maps and more
Authors: Bolz Jürgen , Uziel Daniela , Mühlfriedel Sven , Güllmar André , Peuckert Christiane , Zarbalis Konstantionos , Wurst Wolfgang , Torii Masaaki , Levitt Pat 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe functional architecture of the cerebral cortex is based on intrinsic connections that precisely link neurons from distinct cortical laminae as well as layer‐specific afferent and efferent projections. Experimental strategies using in vitro assays originally developed by Friedrich Bonhoeffer have suggested that positional cues confined to individual layers regulate the assembly of local cortical circuits and the formation of thalamocortical projections. One of these wiring molecules is ephrinA5, a ligand for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. EphrinA5 and Eph receptors exhibit highly dynamic expression patterns in distinct regions of the cortex and thalamus during early and late stages of thalamocortical and cortical circuit formation. In vitro assays suggest that ephrinA5 is a multifunctional wiring molecule for different populations of cortical and thalamic axons. Additionally, the expression patterns of ephrinA5 during cortical development are consistent with this molecule regulating, in alternative ways, specific components of thalamic and cortical connectivity. To test this directly, the organization of thalamocortical projections was examined in mice lacking ephrinA5 gene expression. The anatomical studies in ephrinA5 knockout animals revealed a miswiring of limbic thalamic projections and changes in neocortical circuits that were predicted from the expression pattern and the in vitro analysis of ephrinA5 function. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 82–94, 2004
Potential role of Pax‐2 in retinal axon navigation through the chick optic nerve stalk and optic chiasm
Authors: Thanos Solon , Püttmann Sylvia , Naskar Rita , Rose Karin , Langkamp‐Flock Mechthild , Paulus Werner 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe degree of fiber decussation at the optic chiasm differs between species, ranging from complete crossing in lower vertebrates to highly complex patterns of intermingling of the fibers from the two eyes seen in mammals and birds. Understanding the genetic control of fiber guidance through the chiasm is therefore important to unravel the developmental mechanisms within the visual system. Here we first report on early stages of chiasm formation, with pioneering axons from the left eye consistently arriving earlier than their counterparts from the right eye. This initial left–right asymmetry is transient and no functional significance is assigned to it yet. Secondly, we examined formation of the chiasm in relation with the expression of the transcription factor Pax‐2 along the ventral eye cup and optic nerve stalk. Finally, in order to examine causal involvement of Pax‐2 in chiasm formation, the gene was overexpressed along the neuraxis and in the eye cup at embryonic stages preceding the exit of axons from the eye, and hence arrival of axons at the chiasm. When studied with neuroanatomical tracing, Pax‐2 overexpression resulted in visibly anomalous decussation of axons at the chiasm. A likely consequence of this perturbation was erroneous arrival of axons at the tectum, as observed by anterograde staining from the retina. These data suggest that balanced expression of Pax‐2 results in the correct formation of the chick chiasm at early stages by imposing accurate pathfinding within the optic stalk and the midline. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 59: 8–23, 2004
Numerical approximation of a thermoviscoelastic problem to the contact of two rods by a penalty method
Authors: Copetti M. I. M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn this article we analyze a numerical approximation by the finite element method of a system modeling the thermoviscoelastic contact of two rods. The numerical scheme is based on an auxiliary penalized problem. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004
Posttraumatic stress symptoms in adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Langeveld N.E. , Grootenhuis M.A. , Voûte P.A. , de Haan R.J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is present in survivors of childhood cancer. The aim of the current study was to explore posttraumatic stress symptoms in a sample of young adult survivors of childhood cancer. In addition, the impact of demographic, medical and treatment factors on survivors' posttraumatic stress symptoms was studied.ProcedureParticipants were 500 long‐term survivors of childhood cancer. The median age at follow‐up was 24 years (age range, 16– 49 years, 47% female). To assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress, all participants completed the Impact of Event Scale (IES), a self‐report instrument consisting of two subscales, intrusion and avoidance.ResultsTwelve percent of this sample of adult survivors of childhood cancer had scores in the severe range, indicating they are unable to cope with the impact of their disease and need professional help. Twenty percent of the female survivors had scores in the severe range as compared with 6% of the male survivors. Linear regression models revealed that being female, unemployed, a lower educational level, type of diagnosis and severe late effects/health problems were associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionsThe results indicate that, although the proportion of survivors reporting symptoms is well within the proportions found in the general population, a substantial subset of survivors report symptoms of posttraumatic stress. This finding supports the outcomes reported previously that diagnosis and treatment for childhood cancer may have significant long‐term effects, which are manifested in symptoms of posttraumatic stress. The investigated factors could explain posttraumatic stress symptoms only to a limited extent. Further research exploring symptoms of posttraumatic stress in childhood cancer survivors in more detail is clearly warranted. From a clinical perspective, health care providers must pay attention to these symptoms during evaluations in the follow‐up clinic. Early identification and treatment of PTSD symptoms can enhance the quality of life for survivors of childhood cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intensive cisplatin and cyclophosphamide‐based chemotherapy without radiotherapy for intracranial germinomas: Failure of a primary chemotherapy approach
Authors: Kellie Stewart J. , Boyce Hayden , Dunkel Ira J. , Diez Blanca , Rosenblum Marc , Brualdi Lynette , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPurposeHigh rates of overall and event‐free survival have been reported in patients with intracranial germinomas treated with craniospinal radiotherapy. More recently, similar results have been reported with chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy to more localized treatment volumes. Our interest in exploring chemotherapy without radiotherapy in patients with CNS germinomas was based on concerns about the late sequelae of radiotherapy to the brain or neuraxis and also the well documented success of chemotherapy alone in patients with disseminated extracranial germinomas. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether intensive cisplatin and cyclophosphamide‐based combination chemotherapy, without radiotherapy, was effective in patients with CNS germinomas.Patients and MethodsNineteen patients were enrolled, ranging in age from 1 to 24 years (median, 14 years). Thirteen were male. Nine had diabetes insipidus. Therapy comprised two courses of Regimen ‘A’ (cisplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and bleomycin) followed by MRI evaluation. Patients achieving a complete remission (CR) completed all planned therapy with two courses of regimen ‘B’ (carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin). Patients achieving less than a CR received two courses of Regimen ‘B’ followed by another evaluation. Those in CR after four courses of treatment received one additional course of Regimen ‘A’ and Regimen ‘B’, while those not in CR after four treatment courses underwent second look surgery and/or radiation therapy.ResultsEleven of 11 patients with residual postoperative disease assessable for response achieved a CR. With a median follow‐up of 6.5 years, eight out of 19 (0.42) patients remain in CR 1 without radiotherapy and another three patients are in stable second or subsequent remissions. Three patients died from treatment‐related toxicity and another died in CR 1 from an uncharacterized leukoencephalopathy. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 0.47 ± 0.23 and 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 0.68 ± 0.22.ConclusionsIntensive cisplatin and cyclophosphamide‐based chemotherapy was effective in achieving remissions, however, the long‐term outcome using this treatment program was unsatisfactory and associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with diabetes insipidus. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term cause‐specific mortality among five‐year survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Cardous‐Ubbink M.C. , Heinen R.C. , Langeveld N.E. , Bakker P.J.M. , Voûte P.A. , Caron H.N. , van Leeuwen F.E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of our study was to assess long‐term cause‐specific mortality of 5‐year childhood cancer survivors.ProcedureThe study population consisted of 1,378 patients who had been treated for childhood cancer in The Netherlands between 1966 and 1996 and survived at least 5 years; follow‐up was complete for 99% of survivors. Cause‐specific mortality was compared with general population rates to assess relative and absolute excess risks of death (standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and AER).ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 16.1 years, 120 patients had died. The overall SMR was 17‐fold (95% CI: 14.3–20.6) increased compared to the general population. Our cohort experienced an excess of 7 deaths per 1,000 person‐years. Patients who received combined modality treatment and were treated for at least one recurrence experienced the highest risk of death (SMR = 92.3; AER = 37.0 per 1,000 person‐years). The SMR appeared to stabilize at an about 4 to 5‐fold increased risk of death after 20 years of follow‐up. Only after more than 20 years of follow‐up excess mortality due to other causes than the primary cancer exceeded mortality from the primary childhood cancer (2.3 vs. 0.3/1,000 patients/year). The SMR for all causes other than primary cancer was 5.4 in 25‐year survivors. The overall risks of death strongly decreased with increasing attained age, with an SMR of 1.6 (n.s.) and an AER of 0.3 per 1,000 person‐years for survivors of 30 years or older.ConclusionsThe first primary cancer contributes most to the absolute excess risk of death in 5‐year survivors of childhood cancer, but after 25 years childhood cancer mortality is negligible. Relative risk of death due to other causes is still significantly increased after 25 years of follow‐up. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin disease avoiding radiotherapy: Excellent outcome with the Rotterdam‐HD‐84‐protocol
Authors: Hakvoort‐Cammel Friederike G.A.J. , Buitendijk Saskia , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry , Hählen Karel 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce radiotherapy (XRT) induced toxicity of treatment of children with Hodgkin disease (HD) while maintaining a high cure rate, we introduced a risk‐adapted protocol consisting of chemotherapy (CT) alone in 1984.ProcedureThe outcome of 46 children treated for HD from 1984 until 2000 according to the Rotterdam‐HD‐84‐protocol was determined. Children with stage I–IIA disease (n = 23), were treated with six courses of epirubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (EBVD). Children with stage IIB–IV disease (n = 23), were treated with three to five alternating cycles of EBVD and mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP).ResultsAt a median follow‐up time of 8.6 years (range 2.6–18.3 years), the 10‐year overall survival (OS) is 95% and the event‐free survival (EFS) 91%. In 5/46 patients XRT was administered because of residual mediastinal mass. Four children relapsed, two of them died. Up until now only one patient developed hypothyroidism; no symptomatic cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction, no second malignancy has been diagnosed.ConclusionsRisk‐adapted treatment consisting of CT alone is highly efficacious for children with HD and toxicity is low. XRT was administered in only a small minority of children with HD. CT should be the first choice for HD in children and XRT should preferably be used for those with refractory or histologically proven residual disease or relapse. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
School psychology's significant discrepancy: Historical perspectives on personnel shortages
Authors: Fagan Thomas K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAccurately describing personnel shortages is difficult in the absence of reliable sources and with problems defining terms. Despite periods when employment opportunities were limited, it appears there has never been a time when the supply of school psychologists was sufficient to meet the demand. Recent personnel shortages follow a period of several decades in which the overall growth of the field surged upward. Among the factors to explain recent shortages is an inverse relationship between professional regulation and the supply of future school psychologists in training. The shortage is predicted to continue indefinitely. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 419–430, 2004.
Achieving ethnic minority parity in school psychology
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Bray Melissa A. , Kehle Thomas J. , Theodore Lea A. , Clark Elaine , Jenson William R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe article addresses the demographic characteristics of students in school psychology programs nationwide with respect to providing a rationale for the importance of increasing the proportion of minority school psychologists who are underrepresented. Emphasis on training culturally competent psychologists is reviewed within a historical context. Barriers impeding the graduate training of minority students in school psychology are delineated. Feasible strategies to recruit minority students and faculty are presented. The implications for training and practice are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 443–450, 2004.
The diplomate in school psychology: Implications for the science and practice of school psychology
Authors: Flanagan Rosemary 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe shortage of school psychologists is apparent at all levels of the profession. The Diplomate, awarded by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP), is the highest credential a practitioner can receive, yet few professional psychologists aspire to this high goal. The diploma and the examination process are described. The implications of the standards espoused by the Diplomate examination process are explored for school psychology. Given that these standards are higher than entry level, it is expected that the quality of services offered to children would increase. The incorporation of evidence‐based practice in routine school psychological service would be facilitated in that the ABPP practice sample standards are consistent with evidence‐based practice, providing a model for its implementation in the school setting. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 481–487, 2004.
Addressing the shortage of school psychologists: A summative overview
Authors: Davis Andrew S. , McIntosh David E. , Phelps LeAdelle , Kehle Thomas J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe role of the school psychologist has evolved from the traditional position of psychometrician to a scientist‐practitioner who assumes a more progressive, proactive leadership position in initiating reform in the schools. This shift is guided by a changing paradigm from child deviance, or child pathology, to a collaborative, problem‐solving orientation that is characterized by a focus on interventions and altering student outcomes (Ysseldyke & Elliot, 1999). This shifting philosophy mandates that school psychologists, to serve as effective advocates for children, should focus on outcomes, employ more preventative techniques, utilize empirically supported interventions, and take an active role in initiating changes in their schools and the communities (Davis, 2001). A more preventative approach increases the role, and the necessity, of school psychologists working directly with children in special education and children not in special education. Yet, the field continues to undersupply the number of school psychologists needed to effectively meet these critical goals. The paucity of school psychologists available to serve children in the schools is reflected in the shortfalls in higher education and with practitioners (e.g., Reschly, 2000; Tingstrom, 2000). Additionally, school psychologists face disparities in gender, ethnic, and racial representation relative to the U.S. population, with the majority of school psychologists being Caucasian females (e.g., Curtis, Grier, Abshier, Sutton, & Hunley, 2002; Thomas, 1998). This may lead to a lack of identification from the student's perspective or a deficiency of culturally sensitive methods and techniques from the school psychologist, especially in poor areas where minorities tend to be overrepresented (Steinberg, 2002). The shortage of school psychologists, especially minority school psychologists, is reaching a crisis state. To overcome this shortage, a call to action is proposed to all practicing school psychologists, trainers in higher education, professional organizations, and legislators. Taking progressive, proactive steps may involve reconceptualizing the practice of school psychology, increasing visibility of the profession, becoming more involved in politics and legislation, employing unique approaches to recruitment, utilizing technology in training programs, and actively recruiting minority candidates. The purpose of this article is to review past solutions to this problem, analyze what is currently being done, and propose new resolutions to address these concerns. Additionally, some solutions to these issues discussed in this journal issue will be reviewed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 489–495, 2004.
Spin‐dependent momentum density distribution and Fermi surface of Ho via 2D‐ACAR measurements
Authors: Hamid A. S. , Uedono A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe first direct measurements of the spin‐dependent positron–electron momentum density and Fermi surface of Ho are presented. The measurements were performed using two‐dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR) experiments with reversal magnetic field directions parallel and anti‐parallel to the polarization direction of the positron. The analysis confirmed that two hybrid bands influence the Fermi surface of Ho. They are 5d–6s conduction hybrid bands and partial hybridization of 4f–5d bands. In fact, the measured Fermi surface revealed the behavior of the magnetic electrons. Further, the reciprocal lattice points revealed the electronic spin density distribution behavior. The general layout of the Fermi surface of Ho showed a multiply connected surface as an open hole running along the ΓA axis with minority spin distribution and two electron surfaces centered on K and H points, respectively. Furthermore, this Fermi surface showed anti‐ferromagnetic character. The measured Fermi surface of Ho showed agreement with the results of a previous band structure calculation method. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1D and 2D STLS dielectric functions for carriers in the lowest subband
Authors: Reyes J. A. , del Castillo‐Mussot M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWhen electrons or holes in 1D (quantum wires) and 2D (quantum layers) systems are confined in the lowest subband by transverse harmonic potentials, it is possible to find useful analytical expression for some important physical properties, such as the 1D and 2D effective interparticle Coulomb potentials, their Fourier transforms and their STLS dielectric functions with the corresponding collective plasma modes. Finite thickness effects of the confinement potentials can be easily identified and expanded in all formulae for carriers in the lowest subband. Finite thickness effects are much more pronounced in 1D than in 2D. We also calculate broadening effects with the Mermin correction of STLS. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport properties of hydrogen‐doped (Zr803d20)1−xHx (3d = Co, Ni) metallic glasses
Authors: Kokanović I. , Leontić B. , Lukatela J. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe electrical resistivities of hydrogen‐doped (Zr803d20)1−xHx (3d = Ni, Co; x ≤ 0.11) metallic glasses have been measured at temperatures between 2 K and 110 K and in magnetic fields up to 1 T for various dopant concentrations. These systems have a high room‐temperature resistivity (ρ > 160 μΩ cm) and become superconducting below 4 K. The increase of the room‐temperature resistivity and its temperature coefficient with hydrogen dopant concentration is explained as due to an increase of disorder with hydrogen‐doping. The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the resistivity has been analysed using theoretical models of weak‐localisation and electron–electron interaction in disordered conductors. The hydrogen dopant is found to reduce the effective electron diffusion constant, D, the spin‐orbit scattering rate, τ−1so, the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, and broadens the superconducting transition region. The contribution of the Maki‐Thompson interaction to the magnetoresistivity is also reduced. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)