bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessing the fundamentals and beyond: Ronald Coase, the transaction cost and resource‐based theories of the firm and the institutional structure of production
Authors: Madhok Anoop 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, three points are argued. The first is that Ronald Coase, best known as the forefather of transaction cost theory, foresaw many of the critical questions that proponents of the resource‐based view are concerned with today. The second is that resource‐based theory plays a potentially much more critical role in economic theory and in explaining the institutional structure of production than even many resource‐based scholars recognize. The last point is that a more complete understanding of the organization of economic activity requires a greater sensitivity to the interdependence of production and exchange relations. The arguments presented in this paper highlight important, but relatively ignored, elements in Coase's work that inform strategy research. More importantly, this paper makes the case for a triangular alignment between the triumvirate of governance structure, transaction, and resource attributes and demonstrates how the identity and strategy of a particular firm influences how its resources interact with the transaction and how the firm chooses to govern it. The general argument is then applied to the context of interfirm collaborative relations, where the key focus is broadened from just cost to also include skills/knowledge and the interdependence between cost and skills with respect to firm boundaries, both in terms of choice and nature. Such a broadening of focus enables us to additionally examine the transacting process as a productive endeavor, which underpins the co‐evolution of the competencies of partner firms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Project management practices: Then and now
Authors: Yasin Mahmoud M. , Czuchry Andrew J. , Alavi Jafar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article uses the results of a survey of 56 American construction project managers to identify some risks
and improvement opportunities pertaining to the practice of effective project management. In the process, the most
and least important project management variables are identified and ranked. Next, the extent of knowledge, extent
of use, and extent of relevance to project success are examined for project managers with and without international
project management experience. Results of these analyses suggest improvement opportunity for business and higher
learning in terms of training and educating future project managers. Based on the results of this study, it is
concluded that both higher learning and business must approach the art and practice of project management from a
global open system perspective. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Globalization and organizational restructuring: A strategic perspective
Authors: Jones Marc T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe new market opportunities, competitive threats, and diffusion of business models associated with globalization
have been key drivers of organizational restructuring over the past decade. Companies have responded to these
developments in a variety of ways with the objective of improving their cost and/or revenue structures through
reorganizing their vertical, horizontal, and spatial boundaries and governance mechanisms. Major forms of
restructuring at the business level have included labor intensification, investment in new technologies, downsizing
and reengineering, the formation of strategic alliances and networks, spatial reconfiguration, and a shift from
international and multinational to global and transnational strategies. To be most effective, any type of
restructuring must be clearly and explicitly aligned with a firm's business‐level strategy in order to
maximize the efficient and effective allocation of resources in pursuit of competitive advantage. A strategic use of
restructuring which links such efforts to broader competitive strategy, and where possible to a
“high‐road” approach to overall competitiveness, should result in more sustainable benefits which
generate increased value‐added to shareholders as well as greater well being in the broader stakeholder
community. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Realistic and efficient rendering of free‐form knitwear
Authors: Zhong Hua , Xu Ying‐Qing , Guo Baining , Shum Heung‐Yeung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a method for rendering knitwear on free‐form surfaces. This method has three main advantages. First, it renders yarn microstructure realistically and efficiently. Second, the rendering efficiency of yarn microstructure does not come at the price of ignoring the interactions between the neighboring yarn loops. Such interactions are modeled in our system to further enhance realism. Finally, our approach gives the user intuitive control on a few key aspects of knitwear appearance: the fluffiness of the yarn and the irregularity in the positioning of the yarn loops. The result is a system that efficiently produces highly realistic rendering of free‐form knitwear with user control on key aspects of visual appearance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface studies by grazing‐exit electron probe microanalysis (GE‐EPMA)
Authors: Tsuji K. , Murakami Y. , Wagatsuma K. , Love G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSurface analysis was performed by a new analytical method, grazing‐exit electron probe microanalysis (GE‐EPMA). At grazing‐exit (small x‐ray take‐off) angles, only characteristic x‐rays emitted from the near‐surface regions are measured because of strong absorption and refraction effects at the surface. The exit angle was carefully determined using a stepping motor (with a minimum step angle of 0.018°), and the emergent x‐rays were measured by an energy‐dispersive x‐ray detector and analyzed with a multi‐channel analyzer (MCA). A computer controlled both the stepping motor and the MCA so that the exit‐angle dependence of the characteristic x‐ray intensities was measured automatically. The angle‐dependent curve for a thin cobalt film (5 nm thick) deposited on a silicon wafer indicated that the cobalt x‐rays predominated at grazing exit angles, demonstrating that high surface sensitivity was obtainable under these conditions. The results from a polished stainless‐steel sample revealed chromium enrichment at grazing exit angles, which corresponds to a thin passivation layer of chromium oxide at the surface. Both sets of data suggest that GE‐EPMA is a promising technique for localized surface analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colonoscopic Diagnosis and Management of Nonpolypoid Early Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kudo Shin‐ei , Kashida Hiroshi , Tamura Tomoyuki , Kogure Etsuko , Imai Yasushi , Yamano Hiro‐o , Hart Andrew R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms are grossly classified into three groups: slightly elevated (small flat adenomas), laterally spreading, and depressed. Flat adenomas are not invasive until they are rather large, whereas depressed lesions can invade the submucosa even when they are extremely small. Nonpolypoid lesions are difficult to detect and are often overlooked. Keys to detect them are their slight color change, interruption of the capillary network pattern, slight deformation of the colonic wall, spontaneously bleeding spots, shape change of the lesion with insufflation and deflation of air, and interruption of the innominate grooves. Spraying of indigo carmine dye helps to clarify the lesions. A pit pattern analysis with a zoom colonoscope is useful for the diagnosis and staging of early colorectal cancer. Small flat adenomas are thought to be precursors of protruded polyps and lateral spreading tumors, whereas depressed lesions are thought to grow endophytically and become advanced cancers. Small depressed lesions are treated with an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) technique; but when they massively invade the submucosa, surgical resection is indicated. Laterally spreading tumors are not as invasive despite their large size and therefore are good indications for the EMR or piecemeal EMR method. Small flat adenomas need not be treated urgently, as almost none is invasive. Accurate diagnosis with dye‐spraying and zoom colonoscopy is vital for deciding the treatment strategy.
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Authors: Rutherford John C. , Stowasser Michael , Tunny Terry J. , Klemm Shelley A. , Gordon Richard D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing the transperitoneal, laparoscopic approach, we performed 67 successful adrenalectomies between June 1993 and July 1995 at Greenslopes Hospital, Brisbane. There were 30 women and 37 men. Syndromes of primary adrenal hormone overproduction—primary aldosteronism (n= 52), pheochromocytoma (n= 6), and hypercortisolism (n= 1)—were present in 59 patients and apparently nonfunctioning adrenal tumors (of which one was malignant) in 8 patients. There was a significant difference in the time of operation between patients weighing < 80 kg and those weighing > 80 kg. Operations on males were slower than those on females, possibly explained by males being significantly heavier. Left‐sided tumors outnumbered right‐sided tumors; removal of right‐sided adrenals took, on average, longer, but this difference was not significant.
Determinative Factors of Biochemical Cure after Primary and Reoperative Surgery for Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Gimm Oliver , Ukkat Jörg , Dralle Henning 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNormalization of calcitonin levels after surgery has been regarded as the most powerful prognostic factor for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Although the prognosis of patients with persistent hypercalcitoninemia may be acceptable, the biochemical cure rate can be improved by new microdissection techniques. This raises certain questions: Can extension of locoregional lymphadenectomy (LA) further improve biochemical cure and survival after primary or reoperative MTC surgery? Which factors concerning TNM categories are associated with the possibility of postoperative normalization of calcitonin levels? This study included 64 patients with sporadic MTC operated on from 1986 to 1997. Altogether 27 patients underwent primary surgery, and 37 patients were reoperated, performing a microdissection of all four locoregional compartments (four‐compartment lymphadenectomy, or 4CLA). For primary MTC the biochemical cure rate was 100% in node‐negative patients and 33% in node‐positive patients; the latter could be improved to 45% after 4CLA. In contrast to reoperative MTC, the rate of lymph node metastases (LNMs) with primary MTC correlated with the pT category (pT1 33%, pT2 53%, pT3 100%, pT4 100%) but not with age or sex. Again in contrast to reoperative MTC, mediastinal LNMs in primary MTC were present only in patients with a pT4 tumor. At reoperation, 4CLA was able to cure 22% of node‐positive patients, 28% without proved distant metastases. No patient with extrathyroidal tumor involvement or distant metastases was biochemically cured after either primary or reoperative surgery. For all node‐positive MTC patients, in addition to cervicocentral LA at least a bilateral cervicolateral LA is recommended. Transsternal mediastinal lymph node dissection is indicated in patients with LNMs in the cervicomediastinal transition, facilitating biochemical cure in up to 45% after the first operation and 22% after reoperative surgery of sporadic MTC.
Success of Surgery for Primary Aldosteronism Judged by Residual Autonomous Aldosterone Production
Authors: Rutherford John C. , Taylor Wendy L. , Stowasser Michael , Gordon Richard D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSince February 1996 we have prospectively assessed residual adrenal autonomy by the fludrocortisone suppression test (FST) in 23 patients 3 months after unilateral adrenalectomy for Conn syndrome and in 45 patients after a longer interval. In regard to blood pressure, 36 (53%) patients were cured of hypertension and the remaining 32 (47%) patients had improved hypertension control at the time of their latest postoperative clinical assessment. In regard to the outcome of surgery, patients who achieved normal suppressibility of aldosterone were regarded as cured, and those who had greater suppressibility after surgery were considered improved. Time since surgery for the whole group averaged 26 months. By these biochemical criteria, 42 patients (62%) were cured by surgery, and the rest improved; 16 (76%) of 21 women were cured, and 26 (55%) of 47 men. The women (mean ± SD age 47 ± 11 years) were significantly (
p < 0.05) younger than the men (52 ± 9 years). Preoperative aldosterone levels before and after FST were similar in the cured and improved groups and fell significantly (p < 0.01) in both groups following surgery. After surgical reduction of autonomous aldosterone production, mean plasma renin activity levels increased sixfold in the cured group and threefold in the improved group. Surgical mortality in this group of 68 patients with Conn syndrome was zero.
Outcomes Research in Surgery
Authors: Brenneman Fred D. , Wright James G. , Kennedy Erin D. , McLeod Robin S. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.The phrase “outcomes studies” is usually used to describe those studies where outcome is assessed in large cohorts of patients, often using data from administrative databases. They are used to determine the role and impact of variations in the structure and process of health care delivery play in routine practice. Optimally, outcome should be assessed in terms of measures that are important to patients (e.g., quality of life). More often, clinically relevant outcome measures are lacking, and outcome is measured in terms of mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. Although the outcomes movement continues to expand and much valuable information can be learned from this type of study, there are limitations. These studies are essentially observational and most often are performed using databases set up for other purposes. Thus data may be incomplete and incorrect. Moreover, they cannot assess the impact of patient preferences on outcome. The term outcomes studies has also been applied to small area variation and volume outcome studies.
On minimax approach to non‐parametric adaptive control
Authors: Juditsky Anatoli , Nazin Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe subject of the paper is the adaptive stabilization problem for a functional autoregressive model. The uncertainty is represented by a class of functions satisfying the Hölder condition with given degree of smoothness s>0. We follow the information approach, first used in adaptive control problems by Nemirovsky and Tsypkin in 1984. We present the asymptotically minimax lower bounds for the mean‐square error of stabilization and provide a ‘quasi‐optimal’ adaptive control algorithm which attains the minimax rate of convergence up to a logarithmic factor. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertical integration and trade policy: The case of sugar
Authors: Moss Charles B. , Schmitz Andrew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe degree of vertical integration in the U.S. sugar industry between raw‐sugar processing and sugar refining cannot be explained using theories of vertical integration based only on transaction costs. We graphically decompose the economic rents accruing to each level participant in the marketing channel. Different strategies of several major sugar producing, processing, and refining entities with regard to sugar quota policy are explored. Firms that are integrated from sugar production through to sugar marketing are less impacted by freer trade than are those that concentrate solely on production. We contrast the sugarcane industry in Florida and Louisiana with sugar beet production and processing in the northern plains. The sugar industry in Florida, because of the high degree of vertical integration, is much more capable of dealing with expanded sugar imports than either sugarcane producers in Louisiana or sugar beet growers in the northern plains where integration is not as pronounced. [Econ‐Lit citations: Q18, Q11] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aggressive growth of epithelial carcinomas following treatment with nucleoside analogues
Authors: Larsen Christian Rifbjerg , Hansen Per Boye , Clausen Nielsaage Tøffner 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo patients, one with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and one with hairy‐cell leukemia (HCL), were treated with immunosuppressive chemotherapy. The patient with CLL was a 54‐year‐old female, who had had a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) excised from her forehead 5 months before receiving the first course of fludarabine. During the fludarabine treatment, the patient developed a local SCC relapse and metastases in the neck. The carcinoma was treated by excision and radiotherapy, and further fludarabine treatment was withheld. Nevertheless, the SCC metastasized aggressively and the patient died 3 months after the start of fludarabine treatment, primarily due to respiratory failure. The autopsy revealed heavy SCC infiltrations involving the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, pericardium, and liver. The patient with HCL was a 69‐year‐old male. At the time of diagnosis of HCL, the patient had two solid tumors in the liver containing poorly differentiated epithelial carcinoma cells of unknown origin. During treatment with 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine (2CdA), the tumors in the liver rapidly spread in multiple intrahepatic metastases, followed by liver failure and death within 1 month. Fludarabine and 2CdA cause a substantial suppression of all lymphocyte subsets, in particular the T‐cell line. T‐lymphocytes are believed to be responsible for the usually slow growth and the low metastatic rate of the SCC skin lesions. It is therefore assumed that fludarabine and 2CdA in these two cases triggered an exacerbation of both tumors due to the T‐cell depletion. Am. J. Hematol. 70:48–50, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infiltration of cervical lymph nodes by B‐ and T‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma: Preliminary ultrasonic findings
Authors: Asai Satomi , Miyachi Hayato , Kawakami Chikako , Kubota Mitsuhiro , Kato Yuko , Shimamura Kazuo , Ando Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUltrasonography has been used in the evaluation of enlarged lymph nodes in patients with malignant lymphoma, which comprises a variety of histopathological subtypes. We assessed ultrasonic findings of infiltration in cervical lymph nodes of 47 patients with previously untreated malignant lymphoma and correlated them with histopathological subtypes. Common findings among various histopathological subtypes were hypoechoic masses, spot and/or line echoes, involvement of multiple nodes, and posterior enhancement. In addition, each histopathological subtype showed characteristic findings: Hodgkin's disease had a contour with a lobular pattern (9/10 cases), septum‐like echo (9/10 cases), and tubular structure (9/10 cases) in the internal echo, reflecting histopathologically fibrous connective tissue surrounding lymph nodes and small vessels. In B‐cell lymphoma, there was characteristically a tendency for lymph node fusion (19/28 cases) and spot and/or line echoes (17/28 cases), reflecting histopathological replacement and destruction of the structure of lymph node and capsule by proliferation of lymphocytes. These findings were strengthened in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. T‐cell lymphoma was distinguished from other types of lymphoma by the presence of a hilum‐like echo (6/9 cases), reflecting histopathologically prominent vascularization in lymph nodes accompanied by a dilated hilum area. In summary, this preliminary study suggests that ultrasonic findings of infiltration of cervical lymph nodes in major subtypes of malignant lymphoma could reflect characteristic histopathological structures, therefore providing information helpful for differentiating them. Am. J. Hematol. 67:234–239, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is testicular cancer an occupational disease of fire fighters?*
Authors: Bates Michael N. , Fawcett Jackie , Garrett Nick , Arnold Richard , Pearce Neil , Woodward Alistair 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundA previous investigation showed an increased risk of testicular cancer among fire fighters in Wellington City, New Zealand, during the 1980s. Other studies of fire fighters had not identified testicular cancer as an occupational disease.MethodsThis was an historical cohort study of mortality and cancer incidence in all paid New Zealand fire fighters, from 1977 to 1995.ResultsThe only cancer for which this study provided evidence of an increased risk was testicular cancer, even after excluding cases from the previous investigation. The standardized incidence ratio for 1990–96 was 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.3–5.90). There was no evidence that fire fighters were at increased risk from any particular cause of death.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that New Zealand fire fighters are at increased risk of testicular cancer, although the reason is unknown. Other incidence studies of cancer in fire fighters are needed to confirm this finding. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:263–270, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploratory factor analysis of obsessive‐compulsive patients and association with 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism
Authors: Cavallini Maria Cristina , Di Bella Daniela , Siliprandi Francesca , Malchiodi Francesca , Bellodi Laura 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe determination of a genetic basis for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) depends on how phenotypic boundaries are defined. Although a hypothesis for serotonin dysfunction in OCD has been advanced, no genes specifically responsible for serotonin regulation have as yet been definitively related to the etiology of OCD. The phenotypic variability of OCD could be at the basis of the failure of molecular biology investigations to find any genes involved in the liability to the disorder. Obsessive and compulsive contents can aggregate in OCD patients differently; multifactorial description may therefore be able to account for OCD phenotypic variance. Using principal component analysis, we derived five factors from 13 main contents of the Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), and considered them as quantitative phenotypes to evaluate their possible association with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR). A trend toward positive association between the fifth factor, including counting and repeating rituals, and 5‐HTTLPR was found. However, only considering the subgroup of patients with tic codiagnosis, we found a significantly higher score for the fifth factor for patients with L/L genotype with respect to L/S and S/S genotypes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and development of adolescent girls from the Segou Region of Mali (West Africa)
Authors: Pawloski Lisa R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn Mali, adolescent girls face many physical stresses which, with a history of poor nutrition, can result in delayed growth and development. Despite the fact that adolescent girls encounter nutritional demands, most research in Mali has focused only on young children. This study examines anthropometric and reproductive data on 1,056 adolescent girls (aged 10–17 years) from the Segou Region of Mali. When compared to the reference population, the Malian girls exhibited poorer indicators of growth and development. Z‐scores for height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age were below 0 at all ages. Urban girls had better indicators of growth than rural girls. The body composition data show that the Malian girls have lower body fat than reference girls. Menarche was delayed by about 1.5 years compared to girls from the United States and Europe. Delayed growth and development may be due to many factors, including a history of undernutrition, poor socioeconomic status, and increased energy demands. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:364–372, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.