bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational attainment as a potential effect modifier of alcohol use and 100% alcohol‐attributable mortality in the United States—A longitudinal analysis of mortality linked survey data from 1997 to 2018
Authors: Probst Charlotte , Zhu Yachen , Kilian Carolin , Kerr William , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsTo measure effects between educational attainment and alcohol use as a driver of unequal alcohol‐attributable mortality.DesignNation‐wide cohort study using a longitudinal design, linking data from the 1997–2018 National Health Interview Survey to mortality data of the National Death Index in 2019. The study has an average follow‐up time of 10.7 years (SD = 6.4).SettingUnited States.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of adults aged 25 years and older.MeasurementsThe outcome was time to 100% alcohol‐attributable mortality, censored or last presumed alive by 31 December 2019. Socioeconomic status was operationalized via educational attainment; alcohol use was self‐reported and operationalized using a categorical measure with lifetime abstainers as reference category.FindingsOf a total of 562 632 adults, 901 (635 men and 266 women) died during follow‐up from a 100% alcohol‐attributable cause of death [15 per 100 000 person years (PY)]. We found a strong interaction effect between low education and Category III alcohol use (>60 g and >40 g per day for men and women, respectively), which was of additive nature as shown by the Aalen's additive hazards model, with 83.68 additional deaths per 100 000 PY (95% confidence interval = 16.48–150.87) found in individuals with low education with Category III drinking compared with a situation when there was no interaction between the two risk factors. A large and statistically significant relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of 32.05 from the Cox model supported the interaction. For individuals with low education, the risk associated with Category III drinking was double that for those with high education.ConclusionsIn the United States, people with combined low education and high alcohol consumption (>60 g/day for men, >40 g/day for women) appear to have a higher risk of 100% alcohol‐attributable mortality compared with other combinations of educational attainment and drinking.
Effectiveness of Root Canal Irrigation and Dressing for the Treatment of Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review Assessing Complementary Timeframes
Authors: Immich Felipe , Rödig Tina , Kanzow Philipp , Piva Evandro , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are used in root canal treatment. However, further research is needed to assess their effectiveness at time points not considered in previous guidelines. This review complements the systematic review by Rossi‐Fedele and Rödig (2023) by considering time points excluded by the latter. A search was conducted in PubMed‐MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and repositories between March and May 2024. Four studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data from 212 teeth for irrigation and 108 for dressings. No significant differences in pain reduction within 7 days or radiographic reduction of apical lesion size were found between 2% chlorhexidine, 5.25% NaOCl, EDTA, and various NaOCl concentrations. Single and multiple visit protocols also showed no significant differences in postoperative pain. Two studies had a ‘low risk’ of bias and two ‘some concerns’. Evidence suggests that Ca(OH)2 dressings may not offer additional benefits.
Apical Surgery and Resurgery After Recurrent Failure in Traumatised Immature Teeth: Reflections on Management Based on Two Case Reports
Authors: Machado Ana Laura Schauenberg , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Anastacio Maurício Denicol , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis , Weidlich Patrícia , Scarparo Roberta Kochenborger 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study reports two cases of traumatised non‐vital immature teeth (IT). Both underwent surgical and nonsurgical treatments after healing failure. In the first case, both maxillary central incisors underwent revascularization as the first treatment option. Failure was detected in tooth #8 after 15 months, while tooth #9 showed periapical healing and further root development. Apical microsurgery was performed because of persistent cystic fluid during nonsurgical retreatment. In the second case, there was recurrent endodontic treatment failure in tooth #9 after nonsurgical mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug placement and apical surgery (AS). Endodontic resurgery comprised debridement, apical and lateral root surface planning and removal of remaining MTA from the bone lesion. For both cases, histopathological examination revealed the presence of inflammatory cysts. Periapical healing was observed 1 year after treatment. Apical surgery, and even resurgery, should be considered as alternatives to tooth extraction in growing patients with IT and recurrent healing failure.
Understanding the consumer, carer and stakeholder experiences of residential respite care
Authors: Huynh Andrew Liem Hieu , Lee Kathryn , Dang Christa , Savvas Steven , Batchelor Frances , Yates Paul , Amadoru Sanka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesResidential aged care respite clients are vulnerable and prone to poor health‐care outcomes. Improvements in the quality of care for this cohort are urgently needed. However, before proposing changes in care models, a nuanced understanding of relevant issues affecting respite care consumers and professionals is required. We aimed to explore perspectives of consumers, carers, health‐care workers and aged care workers involved in residential respite care (RRC).MethodsWe used purposive sampling to recruit respite consumers, their family members, residential aged care staff and health‐care workers across metropolitan Melbourne for semi‐structured telephone interviews and electronic surveys regarding RRC. Thematic analysis of interviews and surveys was performed.ResultsTwenty‐three semi‐structured in‐depth interviews (five family members, four residential aged care staff, five general practitioners, two nurse practitioners, seven hospital staff) and 12 electronic surveys (five family members, three general practitioners, four hospital staff) were completed. Five key themes were identified: (1) reasons for using respite care vary; (2) expectations and understanding of respite care vary; (3) structural and funding factors influence the experience and quality of care; (4) care professionals often lack timely access to accurate health‐care information; and (5) medical management and health‐care needs of respite residents are complex.ConclusionsThese findings from multiple stakeholders highlight several issues regarding the benefits of and problems with RRC, and the interfaces between the aged care and health‐care sectors. Understanding these issues is pivotal in informing targeted and systemic interventions to improve RRC.
Lower bounds of projection weighted symmetric discrepancy on uniform designs
Authors: Zheng Hao , Fu Kang , Xiao Yao 
Published: January 2025

SummaryA critical aspect of experimental designs is to determine the effective and efficient lower bounds of the discrepancy criterion in uniform designs. These lower bounds serve as benchmarks for measuring the design uniformity and for constructing uniform designs. Nowadays, symmetric discrepancy and projection weighted symmetric discrepancy are two commonly used discrepancy criteria. In this paper, we investigate the general lower bounds of these two discrepancies for symmetric multi‐level designs and present sharp lower bounds for three‐level designs, thereby complementing the existing lower bound theory of discrepancies in uniform designs. Several design examples are used to validate the theoretical results presented. Furthermore, we conduct two popular practical computer experiments to evaluate the performance of uniform designs based on these two discrepancies.
Impact of Cannulation Strategy and Extracorporeal Blood Flow on Recirculation During Veno‐Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Pooth Jan‐Steffen , Förster Jil Kristin , Benk Christoph , Diel Patric , Brixius Sam Joé , Maier Sven , Supady Alexander , Wengenmayer Tobias , Staudacher Dawid Leander , Haimerl Gerd‐Walter , Czerny Martin , Benk Julia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionVeno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) is increasingly used in the treatment of severe respiratory failure. Despite a significant increase in the worldwide use of extracorporeal lung assist devices recirculation remains a common complication and is associated with a reduced effectiveness of ECMO support and increased hemolysis. In this observational study we aimed to investigate the impact of cannula configuration and extracorporeal flow on recirculation.Materials and MethodsAn observational retrospective study was performed, which included all patients, who received V‐V ECMO and recirculation measurements at the University Medical Center Freiburg between August 2021 and June 2023. Recirculation and extracorporeal flow were determined using ultrasonic indicator dilution technology. Patients were divided into subgroups according to their type of cannulation (dual lumen single‐site vs. bifemoral vs. femoro‐jugular).ResultsA total of 215 recirculation measurements in 47 patients were performed. Dual lumen single‐site cannulation was associated with significantly lower recirculation rates (8.7% [0.0; 12.0]) compared to single lumen dual‐site cannulation (femoro‐jugular: 17.6% [0.0; 25.8]; bifemoral: 27.9% ± 13.4%). In addition, a positive linear correlation was observed between extracorporeal flow and recirculation in all subgroups. Recirculation increased significantly with rising extracorporeal flow in all subgroups.ConclusionRecirculation is a common complication in V‐V ECMO and can lead to a reduction of ECMO effectiveness. Particular attention should be paid to optimal positioning of the cannulas in patients with more than one cannula. The ultrasonic indicator dilution method is a simple and quick method for measuring recirculation in V‐V ECMO and can be used at an early stage if effectiveness decreases.
Is ‘me‐time’ selfish?: Daily vitality crossover in dual‐earner couples
Authors: Cho Eunae , Allen Tammy D. , Meier Laurenz L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis multisource daily diary study examined the recovery outcomes of working mothers' time spent for the self (i.e. me‐time) and whether the benefits crossover to their husbands. Drawing on the recovery literature, we hypothesised that working mothers' me‐time positively relates to their vitality. In line with the crossover theory, we expected a positive relationship between mothers' and their husbands' vitality, mediated via hostile marital interaction. Because working mothers commonly associate guilt with spending time for themselves, we further examined whether the benefits of me‐time are qualified by mothers' guilt‐proneness. Data were collected from 79 dyads of heterosexual dual‐earner couples with children at bedtime for two work weeks. As expected, working mothers' me‐time positively related to their own vitality, controlling for their time spent for others. Moreover, mothers' vitality positively related to their husbands' vitality, which was mediated by mothers' hostile marital interaction reported by husbands. Contrary to our expectation, the well‐being benefits of me‐time were similar across working mothers regardless of their guilt‐proneness. Bridging two streams of research on recovery and crossover, this study represents an important contribution to the literature.
Serial Dual Mediating Effects of Self‐Esteem and Peer Support in the Relationship Between Acculturative Stress and Life Satisfaction Among Refugee Children in Korea
Authors: Cui Lina , Chen Shanshan , Paine Karin Kyung , Nho Choong Rai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to verify the serial mediating effects of self‐esteem and peer support in the relationship between acculturative stress and life satisfaction of refugee children living in Korea and to explore social work implications for the adaptation and development of refugee children. Primary data from a 2023 study was used, based on 71 research participants (33 boys, 38 girls) included in the analysis. Results of the study are as follows: First, refugee children's acculturative stress had a positive effect on their life satisfaction. Second, self‐esteem and peer support had a serial dual mediating effect on the impact of refugee children's acculturative stress on life satisfaction. Based on these results, social work policy and practice implications were discussed in order to ameliorate acculturative stress and improve self‐esteem and peer support of refugee children living in Korea.
Short‐term evaluation of renal biochemical parameters in dogs completing chemotherapy for lymphoma
Authors: Venman L , Sparks T , Swallow A 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo identify if chemotherapeutic drugs in the CHOP‐based protocol led to an increase in renal parameters in dogs with lymphoma during therapy and investigate whether factors such as prednisolone use or age affected this result.MethodsData were obtained retrospectively from private referral practice records of dogs diagnosed with lymphoma receiving a CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol between 2015 and 2019. Dogs included received a CHOP‐based protocol as their first treatment, received four full cycles and were in remission at the end of the protocol. Blood samples obtained at baseline and at the time of final chemotherapy administration were analysed for serum biochemistry and haematology including creatinine, urea, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, albumin, total protein, haematocrit, neutrophil and platelet count. Data were analysed using paired t‐tests. Changes in the same measures were investigated for possible age effects using Pearson correlations. Changes in these measures were compared between dogs receiving or not receiving prednisolone using 2‐sample t‐tests without the assumption of equal variances. Changes were jointly compared to both age and prednisolone use in general linear models. Significance was taken as P < 0.05.ResultsThirty dogs met the inclusion criteria. No significant changes in serum creatinine concentrations were observed. Increased serum albumin concentration at the end of treatment was observed in younger dogs not receiving prednisolone.Impact/Clinical significanceShort‐term changes in renal parameters following a CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol in dogs were not observed. Further prospective studies are warranted.Declaration of interestNo funding was received and no conflict of interest to declare.
Factor V Serves as an Early Biomarker for Graft Loss After Liver Transplant: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Gravely Annabel K. , Claasen Marco P. A. W. , Ivanics Tommy , Winter Erin , Peralta Peregrina , Selzner Markus , Sapisochin Gonzalo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow post‐operative day (POD) 1 Factor V has been retrospectively associated with graft loss after liver transplantation when stratified by a cutoff of 0.36 U/mL. We aimed to validate this prospectively.MethodsPatients transplanted at Toronto General Hospital were recruited (May 2018–March 2021). Factor V measurements were obtained on POD1‐3, 5, and 7. Graft and patient survival at 3, 6, and 12 months were primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. We identified an optimal cutoff through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the Youden index. Kaplan–Meier method and Log‐rank tests were used to assess/compare survival.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐nine patients were included. One hundred and eight had Factor V >0.36 and 21 had ≤0.36 U/mL. This cutoff was predictive of 6‐ and 12‐month graft survival and 12‐month patient survival. With an optimal cutoff of 0.46 U/mL on POD1, 87 patients had Factor V >0.46 and 42 had ≤0.46 U/mL. Three‐, 6‐, and 12‐month graft survival rates were 100%, 98.8%, and 98.8%, for patients with Factor V >0.46 U/mL, and 92.9%, 87.7%, and 87.7% for Factor V ≤0.46 U/mL. Similarly, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month patient survival rates were 98.8%, 96.4%, and 95.0% for patients with Factor V >0.46 U/mL, and 92.9%, 88.0%, and 82.9% for Factor V ≤0.46 U/mL. Stratification below the novel cutoff was associated with decreased graft survival at months 3 (p = 0.012), 6 (p = 0.006), and 12 (p = 0.006), and decreased patient survival at 12 months (p = 0.022).ConclusionsFactor V serves as an early biomarker for graft loss, with an optimal predictive cutoff of 0.46 U/mL in this prospective population. Validation of this new cutoff is necessary.
Prevalence of female hirsutism and PCOS in the United States: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Matthew , Nguyen William , Haq Zaim , Guo William , Briley James 
Published: January 2025

SummaryBackgroundCurrent research on hirsutism reveals disparities and knowledge deficiencies, particularly in underrepresented cohorts. Our objective is to scrutinize demographic variances in hirsutism rates.Patients and MethodsUsing the All of Us database, we conducted a cross‐sectional analysis encompassing 172,401 women. We calculated prevalence rates and odds ratios for hirsutism among all women and those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), examining various epidemiological factors.ResultsAmong the sampled women, hirsutism prevalence was 1.37%; in PCOS‐afflicted females, it was 19.12%. Asian and Hispanic women exhibited diminished hirsutism likelihoods, whereas African‐American counterparts showed elevated likelihood. Additionally, females aged 60–74 and 75+ demonstrated reduced hirsutism risks. Higher education and income above $ 50,000 correlated with heightened hirsutism likelihoods. PCOS females had substantially elevated hirsutism probabilities compared to the general female cohort. Within PCOS cohorts, African‐American females had heightened hirsutism rates, while Hispanic females showed lower rates.ConclusionsIn conclusion, hirsutism prevalence is generally low among United States females but markedly higher in PCOS cases. Notably, certain racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups, both in the general populace and among PCOS patients, exhibit significantly disparate hirsutism rates.
Exploring the Implementation of Cognitive Screening in First‐Episode Psychosis Settings: The CogScreen Implementation Study
Authors: Zbukvic Isabel , Fisher Evangeline , Stainton Alexandra , Bryce Shayden , Kartal Dzenana , Kunin Marina , Nicholas Jennifer , Hamilton Craig , Smith Desiree , Murphy Mackenzie , Llerena Joshua , Unsworth Lee , Cheng Nicholas , Bowden Stephen C. , Chakma Symphony , Clark Scott Richard , Francey Shona , Gao Caroline , Gee Donna , Gelok Elle , Harris Anthony , Hatfield Lilianne , Hopkins Liza , Morell Rachel , O'Halloran Chris , Purdon Scot , Schubert K. Oliver , Scully Alana , Tang Hejun , Thomas Adrian , Thompson Andrew , Uren Jacqueline , Wood Stephen J. , Zhao Wendi , Allott Kelly 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimAccurate and appropriate cognitive screening can significantly enhance early psychosis care, yet no screening tools have been validated for the early psychosis population and little is known about current screening practices, experiences, or factors that may influence implementation. CogScreen is a hybrid type 1 study aiming to validate two promising screening tools with young people with first episode psychosis (primary aim) and to understand the context for implementing cognitive screening in early psychosis settings (secondary aim). This protocol outlines the implementation study, which aims to explore the current practices, acceptability, feasibility and determinants of cognitive screening in early psychosis settings from the perspective of key stakeholders.MethodsYoung people with first episode psychosis (n = 350), caregivers (minimum n = 10) and service providers (minimum n = 12) will be recruited from primary and specialist early psychosis services in Melbourne, Adelaide and Sydney, Australia. Two implementation science frameworks will inform data collection and analysis: the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A mixed‐methods design will be employed to collect and analyse data from questionnaires with young people, interviews with all stakeholder groups, and administrative processes. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data will be analysed through content analysis using deductive and inductive coding.Results and DiscussionThis protocol paper presents the rationale and methods for the CogScreen implementation study.ConclusionTogether with accuracy findings, results from the implementation study will provide insights about the practices, experiences, enablers and barriers to cognitive screening in early psychosis services.
Contribution of Infrastructural Availability for School Growth and Sustainable Improvement in Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools in Tororo District
Authors: Charles Muweesi , Athieno Marcellina , Kaweesi Muhamadi , Taddeo Kaahwa Yuda , Mugagga Anthony Muwagga 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe study sought to establish the contribution of infrastructural availability to school growth and sustainable improvement of academic performance in selected secondary schools in Tororo District. The study employed a qualitative approach, and data were collected from school administrators, the management team and teachers using open‐ended questions based on interviews. Results were analysed thematically and presented verbatively. Findings showed that teaching aids, such as lesson plans, blackboard rulers, chalkboards, and textbooks are available and help improve academic performance, but overcrowded classrooms, poor ventilation and small space compared with the number of learners for a particular class are linked to lower levels of student engagement and learning. Noise levels have a significant impact on both teacher and student performance, and proper levels of natural illumination increase test results and teacher and student moods. Lack of commitment leads to skipping school and failing to complete assessment tasks. It was concluded that the Ugandan government supports the building of classrooms, libraries and laboratories in schools; teaching aids, such as textbooks lesson plans, blackboard rulers and chalkboards, raise teachers' morale to hold classes consistently, which helps schools expand and sustain improvements in academic performance. However, classrooms have poor ventilation and are overcrowded because of large enrolments. It is recommended that the government should improve the school infrastructure by renovating the classrooms, providing desks for children, making supplementary funding available to low‐performing schools and providing teachers with accommodations at schools to check the late coming, early departure and regular absenteeism of teachers on duty.