bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Loss of Sadness
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Loss of Sadness argues that the increased prevalence of major depressive disorder is due not to a genuine rise in mental disease, but to the way that normal human sadness has been 'pathologised' since 1980. That year saw the publication of the landmark third edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), which has since become a dominant force behind our current understanding of mental illness overall. As concerns at least major depression, the authors argue that the DSM's definition of the condition is too broad and that as a result virtually all research and clinical approaches to the condition have been based on a flawed understanding about it. The social, political, and scientific implications of this are far-reaching - from the overselling of antidepressants to treat ordinary sadness, as Big Pharma exploits the DSM for its own purposes; to intrusive and expensive depression screening programs at all levels of society, as well-meaning but misguided initiatives translate the DSM into simple terms to catch any whiff of depressive pathology in our midst; and funded research into the 'epidemic' of depression, which advances the field very litttle and the public even less. Ultimately, the definition of depression that is in operation today has formed the basis for an entire system of social control (e.g. community-wide screening initiatives, intrusive public health policy) that benefits psychiatry, primary care providers, and the pharmaceutical and insurance industries by turning everyone else into a potential consumer of services, needed or not. The authors do recognise that depression is a devastating illness that affects some people. Their chief concern is with the use of this diagnosis as a catch-all for anyone who has experienced sadness for more than a few weeks at a time. The result is a pointed yet nuanced critique of modern psychiatry that will stir controversy of the sort that will reacquaint us with sadness as a primary human emotion and that could productively influence the way that depression the actual illness is characterised in the future.
Sadness With and Without Cause Depression From Ancient Times Through the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Depression has been an omnipresent phenomenon over several millennia of human history. For virtually all of that time, from the earliest writings of the ancient Greek physicians to the late twentieth century, Western diagnosticians routinely distinguished depressive disorders, as a form of madness, from symptomatically similar but nondisordered, normal sad­ ness responses to a wide range of painful circumstances. Then, in 1980, seeking a more scientific foundation for diagnosis by focusing on decontextualized criteria based on symptoms, the DSM-III inadvertently abandoned this critical traditional distinction, which is now essentially lost in current thinking about depression. This chapter and the next trace the history leading up to this momentous and, we argue, ultimately detrimental conceptual shift.
Depression in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until the end of the nineteenth century, psychiatry generally used the relationship of symptoms to their provoking causes as an essential part of definitions of melancholic disorder. Although some kinds of cases, such as psychotic depressions, almost always displayed symptoms that implied disorder, diagnosticians understood that they had to consider context, because depressive disorder could often be symptomatically indistinguishable from profound normal sadness. In the late 1800s, the traditional contextual approach to diagnosis of depressive disorder began to divide into two distinct schools. On one side, Sigmund Freud and his followers emphasized the psychological etiology of all mental disorders, including depression, and their continuity with normal functioning. Adherents of this school studied and interpreted the patient’s reported thoughts to surmise the existence of under­ lying unconscious pathogenic meanings and wishes. On the other side, Emil Kraepelin applied a classical medical model that examined the symptoms, course, and prognosis of depression and other disorders to define distinct physical pathologies. Kraepelin’s approach inspired a cadre of researchers to trans­ late it into a research program that often used statistical techniques to infer discrete disorders from manifest symptoms.
Importing Pathology into the Community
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The transformation of intense normal sadness into depressive dis­ order occurred in several stages. The development of influential symptom-based research criteria for affective disorders in the Feighner criteria and RDC provided an initial step. Such criteria lacked the contextual assessment that had traditionally protected diagnosis from misclassifying intense sadness as disorder and thus created the potential for false positives. Research on depression was, however, primarily concerned with hospitalized patients and quite severely afflicted community members who were clearly disordered. Within this context, the symptom-based criteria worked well to distinguish affective disorders from other serious disorders, and the potential for false positives was not immediately realized. The second step occurred when the DSM-III applied the symptom-based logic to clinical practice in general, including burgeoning out­ patient practices and community clinics in which therapists might see all forms of mental distress. Applying decontextualized criteria to this heterogeneous group of outpatients made it more likely that these diagnoses would be applied to those suffering from normal sadness.
The Surveillance of Sadness
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you are a typical resident of New York City, the chances are that you’ll visit your primary care physician at some point over the next year. If your doctor follows the advice of the New York City Commissioner of Mental Health, he or she will ask you to fill out a questionnaire that asks: “Over the past 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems?”1 Each of nine symptoms are rated as O (not at all), 1 (several days), 2 (more than half the days), or 3 (nearly every day).
The Failure of the Social Sciences to Distinguish Sadness From Depressive Disorder
Authors: Horwitz Allan V , Wakefield Jerome C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The field of psychiatry does not exist in a vacuum; it depends on other disciplines for much of the intellectual underpinnings of its clinical theory. One might thus expect that disciplines such as anthropology and sociology should be in good positions to help correct the confusion in psychiatric nosology about the distinction between depressive disorder and normal intense sadness. Anthropologists could identify universal emotional mechanisms that are part of human nature and elaborate the cultural variations in their expression, and they could pinpoint when these normal variations lead to mistaken labeling of disorder. Sociologists could demonstrate how stressful social arrangements often produce nondisordered sadness, which can sometimes be severe enough to meet DSM criteria, and could distinguish between the study of normal emotional responses to social stress and the study of mental disorder.
Love Stories of Later Life
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even with baby boomers retiring and greater media and research attention being lavished on older people, most gerontologists have studiously avoided examining romance among the elderly. Love Stories of Later Life is an appealing and eye-opening remedy to this neglect, as leading gerontologist Amanda Smith Barusch presents original research into what love and romance mean in older people’s lives. The result is a glimpse into a world many people didn’t know existed—that of romantic love in later life. Unlike superficial guidebooks that purport to help older people find a new mate, Love Stories of Later Life integrates theory and the latest research on love and the aging process. Drawing on a wealth of personal narratives collected during a landmark five-year study, the book presents the lived experiences of older adults from all walks of life. It addresses the impact of common age-related changes, both emotional and physical, on romantic relationships, and argues that love continues to sculpt our personalities and our lives, even in life’s later decades. Each chapter includes practical tools, including exercises designed to increase self-awareness and relationship-building as well as annotated lists of suggested reading that are at once comprehensive and accessible. Barusch’s fresh perspective, engaging voice, and in-depth qualitative research make Love Stories of Later Life an important contribution to the study of individual lives and the aging process.
Looking for Love
Authors: Barusch Amanda Smith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Candy is a tall, energetic 62-year-old, retired from her job and deeply involved with gay and lesbian organizations in her community. For the first time in her life, she is actively looking for a balanced, “50–50” relationship. “I would love to be in love. Have dinner with somebody, go to a show—I have an idea that if love comes again, which I pray that it will, it’s going to be much more low key.” Her early love experiences were anything but low key.
The Thought That Counts
Authors: Kant Jared Douglas , Franklin Martin , Andrews Linda Wasmer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book for young people who have been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Jared Kant discusses his own experiences with the illness, and the disruption and distress that it brought to his life as an adolescent. Combining this personal story with a candid and easy-to-understand description of the science behind OCD, Kant (now an adult who healthily and successfully manages his illness) also provides the facts that young people diagnosed with OCD need, such as how to find professional help, what types of therapies are available for this disorder, and how to deal with stressful situations at home and at school.
Where I Was Is Not Where I Am
Authors: Kant Jared Douglas , Franklin Martin , Andrews Linda Wasmer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In college, I enrolled in a class called The Therapeutic Uses of Writing—an interesting and somewhat unorthodox class in which psychology and creative writing were intertwined. As students, we were encouraged to keep journals and write about what was bothering us whenever we could. I found myself having increasing difficulty when I would read or write certain words and phrases. They would trigger anxiety and obsessions, which, in turn, would trigger the compulsion to put down what I was working on. Needless to say, this made it hard to get much writing done.
Eventually, it got bad enough that I started e-mailing my writing professors everything I had written so far, even if it wasn’t yet complete. When I finally finished a writing assignment, I would e-mail it off right after I typed the last word of the last sentence, sometimes even without spellchecking. The idea was that, even if the next thing I did was to delete my work, I wouldn’t lose the bulk of the writing. I could pick up where I had left off simply by contacting my professors and asking them to e-mail me the last file I had sent them.
Introduction
Authors: Burns Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Her eyes were what everyone noticed first. Dark and widely set, they dominated her plain, square face. Her “glare would wilt a cactus,” declared Newsweek magazine, but to Ayn Rand’s admirers, her eyes projected clairvoyance, insight, profundity. “When she looked into my eyes, she looked into my soul, and I felt she saw me,” remembered one acquaintance. Readers of her books had the same feeling. Rand’s words could penetrate to the core, stirring secret selves and masked dreams. A graduate student in psychology told her, “Your novels have had a profound influence on my life. It was like being reborn What was really amazing is that I don’t remember ever having read a book from cover to cover. Now, I’m just the opposite. I’m always reading. I can’t seem to get enough knowledge.” Sometimes Rand provoked an adverse reaction. The libertarian theorist Roy Childs was so disturbed by The Fountainhead’s atheism that he burned the book after finishing it. Childs soon reconsidered and became a serious student and vigorous critic of Rand. Her works launched him, as they did so many others, on an intellectual journey that lasted a lifetime.
From Russia to Roosevelt
Authors: Burns Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a wintry day in 1918 when the Red Guard pounded on the door of Zinovy Rosenbaum’s chemistry shop. The guards bore a seal of the State of Russia, which they nailed upon the door, signaling that it had been seized in the name of the people. Zinovy could at least be thankful the mad whirl of revolution had taken only his property, not his life. But his oldest daughter, Alisa, twelve at the time, burned with indignation. The shop was her father’s; he had worked for it, studied long hours at university, dispensed valued advice and medicines to his customers. Now in an instant it was gone, taken to benefit nameless, faceless peasants, strangers who could offer her father nothing in return. The soldiers had come in boots, carrying guns, making clear that resistance would mean death. Yet they had spoken the language of fairness and equality, their goal to build a better society for all. Watching, listening, absorbing, Alisa knew one thing for certain: those who invoked such lofty ideals were not to be trusted. Talk about helping others was only a thin cover for force and power. It was a lesson she would never forget.
A New Credo of Freedom
Authors: Burns Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ayn Rand’s interest in politics was all-consuming and her literary life was at a standstill. She left The Fountainhead manuscript largely unattended and plunged into another round of organizing efforts. Wielding Channing Pollock’s name and her writing, Rand began meeting as many New York “reactionaries” as possible. She was in a city known as the reddest in America; indeed the very phrase “New York intellectual” came to connote a certain type of leftist-literary thinker with Communist sympathies. What Rand joined instead was an alternate universe of other New York intellectuals, committed to free markets and laissez-faire.
Big Sister Is Watching You
Authors: Burns Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the fountainhead was published Rand was an obscure author, unknown to the literary world. By contrast, legions awaited Atlas Shrugged. Buzz had been building about the book for years. The Fountainhead’s astounding sales, still strong a decade after publication, seemed to guarantee that her next work would be a blockbuster. Rand herself was becoming a mythological figure in New York, a vivid and memorable character rarely seen by those outside the Collective. Random House fed the beast with a series of teaser ads, a press conference, and a prominent display window on Madison Avenue. The word was out: a major new novel was on the way.
Love Is Exception Making
Authors: Burns Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the middle of the 1960s Rand’s popularity among young conservatives, her open support of Goldwater, and the continued appeal of her books had pushed her to a new level of mainstream visibility. As a backlash unfolded against Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society and the war in Vietnam, Rand’s ideas seemed ever more relevant and compelling. In 1967 she was a guest on Johnny Carson’s Tonight Show three times in five months. Each time she explained to Carson the fundamentals of her philosophy, the audience response was so great she earned another invitation. Ted Turner, then a little-known media executive, personally paid for 248 billboards scattered throughout the South that read simply “Who is John Galt?” Ten years after the publication of Atlas Shrugged she was at the apex of her fame.
Next-Door Neighbors
Authors: Carter Prudence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Various racial and ethnic groups experience economic, political and social marginalization. As a result, members of these groups sometimes cohere around a pan-minority identity at whose basis lie the experiences of subordination and inequality. At the same time, members of these groups can also maintain ethno-specific identities that signify their very different social and cultural histories and relationships to U.S. society. I apply this line of thought to the analyses of identity formation and cultural boundary maintenance (Lamont 2000) between the African American and Latino youths in this study.
Intervention Research
Authors: Fraser Mark W , Richman Jack M , Galinsky Maeda J , Day Steven H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When social workers draw on experience, theory, or data in order to develop new strategies or enhance existing ones, they are conducting intervention research. This relatively new field involves program design, implementation, and evaluation and requires a theory-based, systematic approach. Intervention Research presents such a framework. The five-step strategy described in this brief but thorough book ushers the reader from an idea’s germination through the process of writing a treatment manual, assessing program efficacy and effectiveness, and disseminating findings. Rich with examples drawn from child welfare, school-based prevention, medicine, and juvenile justice, Intervention Research relates each step of the process to current social work practice. It also explains how to adapt interventions for new contexts, and provides extensive examples of intervention research in fields such as child welfare, school-based prevention, medicine, and juvenile justice, and offers insights about changes and challenges in the field. This innovative pocket guide will serve as a solid reference for those already in the field, as well as help the next generation of social workers develop skills to contribute to the evolving field of intervention research.
The Child Welfare Unit
Authors: Hanna Michele D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like that of many social service agencies, the organizational culture of public child welfare agencies is hierarchical in nature. At the top of the hierarchy is the state office or county administrators and at the bottom are the frontline workers. In between may be a number of levels of middle management, depending on the state’s administrative organization. Within the broader context of management, the level of management is dependent on the scope of responsibility (Menefee, 2004)—the lower the level of management, the narrower the scope of supervisory responsibility. In general, the child welfare agency is a workplace organized around the supervisory group or team or the child welfare unit, in which one supervisor is responsible for the supervision of a small number of frontline workers (Child Welfare League of America [CWLA], 1984). The effective child welfare unit supervisor must, therefore, understand group dynamics and development (Menefee, 2004; Salus, 2004).
Staring How We Look
Authors: Garland-Thomson Rosemarie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From a very young age we are told not to stare, and one hallmark of maturation is the ability to resist (or at least hide) our staring behavior. And yet, rarely do we master the impulse. Despite the complicated role it plays in our development, and its unique brand of visual enticement, staring has not been considered before as a suitable object for socio-cultural analysis. What is it about certain kinds of people that makes it impossible to take our eyes off them? Why are some visual stimuli irresistible? Why does staring produce so much anxiety? Drawing on examples from art, media, fashion, history and memoir, Garland-Thomson defines staring, explores the factors that motivate it, and considers the targets and the effects of the stare. A bodily inventory then enumerates how stares actually operate in daily life. A section on "Bodies" focuses on the question of size and scale as key indicators of normalcy, while certain body parts show themselves to be disproportionately arresting, as passages on "Faces" "Hands" and "Breasts" reveal. A concluding chapter on "Beholding" considers the frisson at play between starer and staree and offers an alternative way of understanding visual communication between people. Featuring over forty illustrations, Staring captures the stimulating combination of symbolic, material and emotional factors that make staring so irresistible while endeavoring to shift the usual response to staring, shame, into an engaged self-consideration. Elegant and provocative, this book advances new ways of thinking about visuality and the body that will appeal to readers who are interested in the overlap between the humanities and human behaviors.
A Parent’s Guide To Raising Grieving Children
Authors: Silverman Phyllis R , Kelly Madelyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When children lose someone they love, they lose part of their very identity. Life, as they knew it, will never be quite the same. The world that once felt dependable and safe may suddenly seem a frightening, uncertain place, where nobody understands what they’re feeling. In this deeply sympathetic book, Phyllis R. Silverman and Madelyn Kelly offer wise guidance on virtually every aspect of childhood loss, from living with someone who’s dying to preparing the funeral; from explaining death to a two year old to managing the moods of a grieving teenager; from dealing with people who don’t understand to learning how and where to get help from friends, therapists, and bereavement groups; from developing a new sense of self to continuing a relationship with the person who died. Throughout, the authors advocate an open, honest approach, suggesting that our instinctive desire to “protect” children from the reality of death may be more harmful than helpful. “Children want you to acknowledge what is happening, to help them understand it,” the authors suggest. “In this way, they learn to trust their own ability to make sense out of what they see.” Drawing on groundbreaking research into what bereaved children are really experiencing, and quoting real conversations with parents and children who have walked that road, the book allows readers to see what others have learned from mourning and surviving the death of a loved one. In a culture where grief is so often invisible and misunderstood, the wisdom derived from such first-hand experience is invaluable. Filled with compassion and common sense, A Parent’s Guide to Raising Grieving Children: Rebuilding Your Family after the Loss of a Loved One offers readers a wealth of solace and sound advice, and even--where one might least expect it--a measure of hope.
Someone I Love Is Dying
Authors: Silverman Phyllis R , Kelly Madelyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It’s impossible to describe the shock of hearing that your loved one has a serious illness that will lead to his or her death. And as if it’s not enough to digest this terrible news yourself, you have to figure out a way to integrate it into the heart of your family, and to keep that family going at the same time. Everything changes, from your daily routines to your vocabulary for talking to each other and with your children about this shadow that now hangs over the family. While dealing with your own great impending loss, you also need to be tuned into the changing needs of every family member, including the one who is ill.