bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of treatments of infrabony defects with enamel matrix derivative, guided tissue regeneration with a nonresorbable membrane and Widman modified flap
Authors: Silvestri Maurizio , Ricci Giano , Rasperini Giulio , Sartori Stefano , Cattaneo Vitaliano 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of 3 different surgical procedures in the treatment of infrabony defects: guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with non‐resorbable membranes, Widman modified flap (WMF) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD).Method: 30 patients with an infrabony component 4 mm were selected. 10 were treated with expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE (Gore – Tex W. L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA)) membranes, 10 with WMF and 10 with enamel matrix derivatives (Emdogain® (Û Biora AB Malm, Sweden)). The efficacy of each treatment modality was investigated through regression analysis. Probing attachment level (PAL) gain, probing depth (PD) reduction and gingival recession (REC) variation were analyzed.Results: Both Emdogain® (enamel matrix derivative) and ePTFE treatment show significant better results as compared to the WMF procedure in which there were no significant changes in PAL gain and PD reduction at baseline and 1 year after surgery.Conclusions: Results from our analysis suggest that there is no statistically significant difference in PAL gain between GTR and EMD. The clinical outcomes of this pilot study may be of little significance, considering the small number of patients, but it has provided an important base for a controlled clinical trial (with a larger number of patients) which is currently in progress.
The effect of repeated professional supragingival plaque removal on the composition of the supra‐ and subgingival microbiota
Authors: Ximénez‐Fyvie Laurie Ann , Haffajee Anne D. , Som Sovanda , Thompson Maureen , Torresyap Gay , Socransky Sigmund S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of weekly professionally administered supragingival plaque removal on the composition of the supra and subgingival microbiota.Methods: 18 adult subjects with periodontitis who had been treated and were in a maintenance phase of therapy were clinically and microbiologically monitored at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. After the baseline visit, the subjects received scaling and root planing followed by professional supragingival plaque removal every week for 3 months. Clinical measures of plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival redness, suppuration, pocket depth and attachment level were made at 6 sites per tooth at each visit. Separate supra (N=1804) and subgingival (N=1804) plaque samples were taken from the mesial aspect of all teeth excluding third molars in each subject at each time point and evaluated for their content of 40 bacterial taxa using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Significance of changes in mean counts, prevalence and proportions of bacterial species over time in both supra and subgingival samples were determined using the Quade test and adjusted for multiple comparisons.Results: Mean % of sites exhibiting plaque, gingival redness and BOP were significantly reduced during the course of the study. Significant decreases in mean counts were observed in both supra and subgingival samples. Mean total DNA probe counts (×105, ±SEM) at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months were: 133±19, 95±25, 66±6, 41±6 (p<0.001) for supragingival samples and 105±22, 40±10, 19±4, 13±3 (p<0.001) for subgingival samples. Mean counts of 22 of 40 and 34 of 40 species tested were significantly reduced in the supra and subgingival samples respectively over the monitoring period. For example, mean counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis×105 at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months in the subgingival plaque samples were 2.0±0.4, 0.5±0.2, 0.6±0.3, 0.3±0.1 (p<0.001); Bacteroides forsythus 2.0±0.6, 0.4±0.1, 0.4±0.2, 0.1±0.2 (p<0.001); Treponema denticola 3.4±1.1, 0.8±0.3, 0.4±0.2, 0.3±0.3 (p<0.01). Similar reductions were seen in supragingival plaque samples. While counts were markedly reduced by professional plaque removal, the proportion and prevalence of the 40 test species were marginally affected.Conclusions: Weekly professional supragingival plaque removal profoundly diminished counts of both supra‐ and subgingival species creating a microbial profile comparable to that observed in periodontal health. This profile was maintained at the final monitoring visit, 9 months after completion of therapy.
Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity by lasers: a review
Authors: Kimura Yuichi , Wilder‐Smith Petra , Yonaga Kazuo , Matsumoto Koukichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Since the development of the ruby laser by Maiman in 1960, a variety of papers on potential applications for lasers in dentistry have been published. The purpose of this paper is to summarise laser applications for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. The effects of laser on pulp tissue and problems on laser treatment are also reviewed. This article reviews the role of lasers for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity since 1985, summarises many research reports from the last decade, and surmises what the future may hold for lasers in this treatment.Method: To date, 4 kinds of lasers have been used for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity, and the effectiveness ranged from 5.2 to 100%, which was dependent on the laser type and parameters used. The mechanism involved in laser treatment of dentine hypersensitivity are relatively unknown.Results: These require clarification to result in safely effective treatment optimization. In general, the efficiency for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity using lasers is higher than other methods, but in severe cases, it is less effective.Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the severity of dentine hypersensitivity before laser use.
Microbial composition of supra‐ and subgingival plaque in subjects with adult periodontitis
Authors: Ximénez‐Fyvie Laurie Ann , Haffajee Anne D. , Socransky Sigmund S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare and relate the microbial composition of supra and subgingival plaque in 23 adult periodontitis subjects (mean age 51±14 years).Methods: A total of 1,170 samples of supra and subgingival plaque were collected from the mesial aspect of every tooth (up to 28 supra and 28 subgingival samples) from each subject and evaluated for the presence and levels of 40 bacterial taxa using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Clinical assessments including dichotomous measures of gingival redness, bleeding on probing, plaque accumulation and suppuration, as well as duplicate measures of pocket depth and attachment level, were made at 6 sites per tooth. The counts (levels), % DNA probe count (proportion) and % of sites colonized (prevalence) of each species in supra and separately in subgingival plaque were computed for each subject. Significance of differences between supra and subgingival plaque for each species was sought using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and adjusted for multiple comparisons.Results: All 40 taxa were detected in both supra and subgingival plaque. Actinomyces species were the most prevalent taxa in both habitats. 75 to 100% of supra and 62 to 100% of subgingival sites were colonized by at least one of the 5 Actinomyces species. Supragingival samples exhibited significantly higher counts of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Neisseria mucosa, Streptococcus gordonii, Capnocytophaga ochracea and Capnocytophaga sputigena when compared with mean counts in subgingival samples taken from the same tooth surfaces. Subgingival plaque samples presented significantly higher counts of Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Subgingival samples exhibited a significantly higher proportion of “red” and “orange complex” species, while supragingival plaque exhibited higher proportions of “green” and “purple” complex species as well as Actinomyces species. Suspected periodontal pathogens could be detected in supragingival plaque from sites where subgingival samples were negative for the same species.Conclusions: The data indicate that supragingival plaque can harbor putative periodontal pathogens, suggesting a possible rôle of this environment as a reservoir of such species for the spread or reinfection of subgingival sites.
Microbiological parameters associated with IL‐1 gene polymorphisms in periodontitis patients
Authors: Socransky S. S. , Haffajee A. D. , Smith C. , Duff G. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Polymorphisms in the cluster of IL‐1 genes have been significantly associated with the severity of adult periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to compare microbiological parameters in IL‐1 genotype negative and positive adult subjects with a range of periodontitis severities.Method: The study included 108 subjects in good general health. Clinical parameters were recorded at 6 sites/tooth excluding 3rd molars and included: plaque accumulation, gingival erythema, bleeding on probing, suppuration, pocket depth and attachment level. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the mesiobuccal surface of up to 28 teeth in each subject (mean 25.3) providing a total of 2736 samples. The levels of 40 subgingival taxa were determined in each sample using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Fingerstick blood samples were collected for IL‐1A (+4845) and IL‐1B (+3954) genotyping using PCR‐based methods.Results: The proportion of IL‐1 genotype positive subjects that exhibited mean counts of specific subgingival species above selected thresholds was significantly higher than the proportion of genotype negative subjects. Prominent among species that were detected at higher levels in genotype positive subjects were members of the “red” and “orange” complexes and included: Bacteroides forsythus, Treponema denticola, the Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Campylobacter gracilis, Campylobacter showae and Streptococcus constellatus. Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus gordonii and 3 Capnocytophaga species were also detected more frequently at high numbers in genotype positive subjects. Significantly higher mean counts of B. forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, T. denticola, the F. nucleatum subspecies, F. periodonticum, Campylobacter rectus, C. showae, Eubacterium nodatum, S. constellatus, S. gordonii, and S. intermedius were detected at periodontal pockets >6 mm in subjects who were genotype positive when compared with genotype negative subjects. The increase was due to increased numbers of cells of these species rather than a major shift in proportion.Conclusion: The data suggest that genotype positive subjects more frequently had higher levels of “red” and “orange” complex species that are known to be strongly associated with measures of periodontal inflammation.
Abrasion and stain removal by different manual toothbrushes and brush actions: studies in vitro
Authors: Dyer D. , MacDonald E. , Newcombe R. G. , Scratcher C. , Ley F. , Addy M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and aims: A limited amount of data using flat trim multitufted toothbrushes shows that abrasion of substrate surfaces by a standard toothpaste varies dependent on filament stiffness and configuration; soft brushes producing the most abrasion. The aims of these studies in vitro were to assess toothpaste abrasion of acrylic and stain removal by 5 proprietary medium toothbrushes with different head filament arrangements, and a prototype brush with rectangular filaments. The prototype brush had a medium texture in the long axis and soft texture at right angles to the long axis.Material and method: Optically clear acrylic was used as the substrate for abrasion by a standard toothpaste. Loss of substrate was determined by profilometry after 5000, 10 000, 15 000 and 20 000 linear or rotary brushing actions. Stain removal was determined spectrophotometrically from optically clear acrylic specimens stained by chlorhexidine tea soaking sequences. Stained specimens were brushed with water using linear or rotary actions and measurements taken every 10 s to 60 s.Results: Abrasion was progressive with increasing strokes and the pattern for each brush and brush action was to a first approximation linear. Overall, abrasion was significantly greater with linear compared to rotary action. Also overall brushes differed in the abrasion produced with both actions and particularly at greater exposure times. Within brush differences for the two motions were all significant by 20 000 strokes except for the prototype brush. Stain removal was progressive over time with each brush but the pattern was non‐linear. For the proprietary brushes the rotary motion removed less stain. For the prototype brush more stain was removed with the rotary action. Overall brushes differed significantly in stain removal within each motion and for each motion most differences between the proprietary and prototype brushes reached significance.Conclusions: The differences between brushes for both abrasion and stain removal must in large part relate to the filament contact area with the substrate surface. Whilst the model may not be predictive of clinical differences, it could find use to establish minimum criteria for toothbrush action.
Osseintegration following treatment of peri‐implantitis and replacement of implant components
Authors: Persson L. G. , Ericsson I. , Berglundh T. , Lindhe J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAim: The aim of the present experiment was to study if the quality of the titanium surface is a decisive factor for osseointegration and re‐osseointegration.Material and Methods: 2 Labrador dogs were used. The mandibular 1st molars and all premolars were removed bilaterally. 3 months later, 1 standard fixture and 3, 2‐part “test fixtures” were installed in each side of the mandible. The text fixtures consisted of 1 6‐mm long apical and 1 4‐mm long coronal part connected with an internal screw. After 4 months, abutment connection was performed. 5 months later, a period of experimental peri‐implantitis was initiated during which about 50% of the supporting bone tissue was lost. The dogs were later subjected to a treatment that included (i) systemic administration of antibiotics and (ii) surgical debridement of all implant sites. The abutments and the coronal parts of the text fixtures were removed. All parts of the exposed portion of the standard fixtures, the connecting screw and the apical part of the test fixtures were meticulously cleaned by mechanical means. A pristine, coronal fixture part was via the connecting screw attached to the apical fixture part of each text fixture. All fixtures were submerged. 2 weeks later, a fluorochrome was injected intravenously. After 4 months, biopsies of the implant sites were dissected and prepared for ground sectioning and analysis.Results: It was demonstrated that re‐osseointegration failed to occur to implant surfaces (standard) exposed to bacterial contamination, but did consistently occur at sites where a pristine implant component was placed in the bone defect following surgical debridement.Conclusion: The above findings seem to imply that the quality of the titanium surface is of decisive importance for both osseointegration and re‐osseointegration.
Clinical and microbial evaluation of a histatin‐containing mouthrinse in humans with experimental gingivitis
Authors: Mickels Nancy , McManus Colleen , Massaro Joseph , Friden Phillip , Braman Virginia , D'Agostino Ralph , Oppenheim Frank , Warbington Martha , Dibart Serge , Van Dyke Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: P‐113, a 12 amino acid histatin‐based peptide, was evaluated in a mouthrinse formulation for safety, prevention of the development of experimental gingivitis, and for its effects on periodontal flora.Method: 159 periodontally healthy subjects abstained from oral hygiene procedures and self‐administered either 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05% P‐113 or placebo mouthrinse formulations twice daily over a four week treatment period. During this time, the safety, anti‐plaque, and anti‐gingivitis effects of P‐113 were evaluated.Results: There was a significant reduction in plaque (p=0.046) and a reduction in gingivitis (p=0.086) for subjects using 0.01% P‐113 mouthrinse. Significantly more subjects in the 0.01% and 0.05% treatment groups showed a small increase in plaque index of <0.25 as compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). Similar trends were noted for changes in the % of sites with bleeding on probing in the 0.01% P‐113 group. There were no treatment‐related adverse events, and there were no adverse shifts in supragingival microflora during the study.Conclusion: These data suggest that P‐113 mouthrinse is safe and reduces plaque, gingivitis and gingival bleeding in the human experimental gingivitis model.
Plasma levels of lidocaine and prilocaine after application of Oraqix®, a new intrapocket anesthetic, in patients with advanced periodontitis
Authors: Friskopp Johan , Huledal Gunilla 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: Oraqix®, a new non‐injection local anesthetic, lidocaine/prilocaine gel 5%, has been developed to provide pain relief in association with periodontal probing and scaling/root planing (SRP). The aim of this open study was to describe the plasma profiles of lidocaine and prilocaine following a single dose of Oraqix® to patients with advanced periodontitis.Methods: 10 patients with 18 to 28 teeth with pocket depths of at least 4 mm were included. Oraqix® was applied in the pockets around all the teeth in the mouth by means of a blunt applicator. The total dose applied per patient was 0.9 to 3.5 g. Directly thereafter all the pockets were probed and 3 teeth subjected to SRP. The mouth was rinsed out with a glass of water 20–27 min after the application of the gel. Blood samples were collected before and up to 90 min after the start of application of Oraqix®.Results: Peak plasma concentrations of lidocaine (99–266 ng/ml) and prilocaine (46–118 ng/ml) occurred 20–40 min after the start of application. These levels were low compared to those reported to cause initial signs of CNS toxicity (5000–6000 ng/ml). Side‐effects were few and mild local effects of short duration.Discussion: In conclusion, there is a large safety margin with respect to systemic effects following the application of up to 3.5 g Oraqix® in periodontal pockets.
Prepubertal periodontitis associated with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Baylas Haluk , Aksu Güzide , Kütükçüler Necil 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Generalised prepubertal periodontitis is a rare entity that is usually a consequence of severe systemic diseases. Chronic granulomatous disease is one of the extremely rare inherited immunodeficiency diseases, which predisposes the patient to recurrent severe bacterial and fungal infections.Aim: The purpose of this report is to describe a 5‐year old male patient suffering from prepubertal periodontitis associated with chronic granulomatous disease, who was referred to the Department of Periodontology for treatment of severe gingival inflammation.Methods: A detailed past history was obtained and thorough clinical and laboratory examinations were performed.Results: Medical tests revealed the only immunodeficiency sign as the extremely low burst test result. The patient was diagnosed as having an autosomal recessive (AR) form of chronic granulomatous disease. He was put on prophylactic treatment with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) and also a periodontal maintenance regimen with regular 1‐month intervals.Conclusion: This case report emphasises the importance of the differential diagnosis of severe immunodeficiency in the background of prepubertal periodontitis.
Association between oral malodor and adult periodontitis: a review
Authors: Morita Manabu , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Bad breath has a significant impact on our daily social life to those who suffer from it. The majority of bad breath originates within the oral cavity. However, it is also possible that it can come from other sources such as gastric‐intestine imbalance. The term “oral malodor” is used to describe a foul or offensive odor emanating from the oral cavity, in which proteolysis, metabolic products of the desquamating cell, and bacterial putrefaction are involved. Recent evidence has demonstrated a link between oral malodor and adult periodontitis. The process of developing bad breath is similar to that noted in the progression of gingivitis/periodontitis. Oral malodor is mainly attributed to volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. The primary causative microbes are gram‐negative, anaerobic bacteria that are similar to the bacteria causing periodontitis. These bacteria produce the VSC by metabolizing different cells/tissues (i.e., epithelial cells, leukocytes, etc.) located in saliva, dental plaque, and gingival crevicular fluid. Tongue surface is composed of blood components, nutrients, large amounts of desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria, suggesting that it has the proteolytic and putrefactive capacity to produce VSC. One of the challenges in dealing with oral malodor is to identify a reliable test for detecting bad breath.Aims: The purposes of this review article were: (1) to correlate the relationship between oral malodor and adult periodontitis; (2) to analyze current malodor tests and discuss available treatment regimens.
On the association between hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease and severe periodontal disease
Authors: Katz Joseph , Chaushu Gavriel , Sharabi Yehonatan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: Premature death in men is known to be significantly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). More and more studies are pointing toward a possible association between periodontal disease and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The association of poor oral hygiene and atherosclerosis can be explained by the effect of chronic inflammatory disease on blood rheology. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between CHD and periodontal disease.Patients and Methods:The study population included 1094 Israeli army service men aged 26–53 years (mean: 39±5 years). The study group comprised 151 subjects classified as having coronary heart disease CHD, i.e., myocardial infarction, and or anginal syndrome with angiographic evidence of significant coronary disease, or suffer from atherosclerotic risk factors, i.e., diabetes (fasting glucose) and HTN according to strict, well‐established criteria. Blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were also determined. The severity of periodontal disease was assessed by the aid of CPITN. The control group comprised 943 healthy subjects. Statistical analysis was performed with χ2 test.Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant association of CPITN score 4 with hypercholesterolemia and a possible association with CHD.Conclusions: The generation of higher cholesterol blood levels is proposed as a possible link between chronic periodontal inflammation and atherosclerosis.