bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Composer’s Workshop
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For Many Years Beach Was one of the most successful composers of art songs in the United States.1 For everyone who knew her instrumental works, there were dozens of singers who-in their search for contemporary vocal repertory-found her songs wonderfully effective and sympathetic to the voice; there were hundreds, perhaps thousands, of listeners who were deeply moved by her songs. By 1910, Beach had composed seventy-three songs in three languages and a broad range of moods. The few songs selected for discussion here are representative of the variety and expressive features of Beach’s writings. They show the influence of language-English, French, and German-on her compositional style and, on occasion, suggest autobiographical content as well. The central mystery of artistic creation will always remain just out of reach no matter how we try to close in on it through carefully assembled evidence. In the end, we must be content with ambiguity. Beach, however, left many clues about the genesis of her creativity, not only in her choice of texts but also in her musical settings. And finally, her own words cast a reflected light on her creative process.
The Chambered Nautilus
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“The Chambered Nautilus” Is An Apt metaphor for Beach’s Boston life. Her personal “shell” was the house on Commonwealth Avenue. But she was also comfortably lodged in the bosom of Boston’s Brahmin society and was established as a composer in its musical community. Regarding the time in her life that was now coming to an end, Beach would later write, “I belonged to a happy period that may never come again.”
My Old New Hampshire Home
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With The Move To Hillsborough, Amy Beach began a decade ofloving service to her cousin and her aunt, now her immediate family. But why leave San Francisco, a cosmopolitan city with an active cultural life? Beach had been welcomed there as she had never been welcomed before, and, ever after, she spoke of her “beloved San Francisco.” If the three women decided that they must put many miles between themselves and Lyman Clement, there were other cities to choose from.
A Fascinating New York Life
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Fall Of 19 3o Beach Wrote to her friend Lillian Buxbaum, This New York life never seemed more fascinating and certainly I never felt more enthusiasm. I am having marvelous performances of my church music at St. Bartholomew’s and Sunday night heard my Two-piano Suite at the MacDowell Club played by the Sutro sisters to whom it is dedicated. Next week I have to give a half hour program for the Nat[ional] Opera Club of which I have been made Hon[orary] Vice President. Later I shall broadcast my Quintet for piano and strings and then there will be still more programs. So it goes. Meanwhile I go constantly to concerts, occasional theaters, and see friends daily, besides practicing hours. Rather a full life!’
Beach the modernist?
Authors: Block Adrienne Fried 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beach A Modernist? How Can That Be? No discussion of her as a composer has ever judged her anything but a Victorian, a late Romantic composer and, during her later years, an anachronism in a new age. What has been almost uni versally ignored has been the adventurousness of some of Beach’s music writ ten during her last decades, at a time oflife when creative artists are expected instead to become more conservative. It is ironic that, while exploring modernism’s less extreme aspects in her music, she rejected the new music in her discourse. Perhaps nowhere in her life and work has the conflict between her Victorian mores and her musical practice been more clearly defined.
Cultural Perception and Great Plains Grasslands
Authors: Olson Paul A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Successive groups of witnesses have observed Plains grasslands, and each has seen them through its own lens and within its own frame. This essay concerns the lenses or frames used by the Plains Indians, who perceived the Plains as a circle; the Coronado group, who saw the Plains in “georgic” (or traditional agricultural) terms; the explorers and explorer-painters of the early nineteenth century who represented the grasslands as if they were a “picturesque” painting; and the late-nineteenth-century settlers who turned the grasslands into epic oceans. These represent, in my view, the major stages in perceiving the grasslands, although other scholars might delineate the stages differently. In every case save for the Lakota, the mode of seeing the Plains develops somewhere else, and the successive imported stages of seeing imply increasing destruction of natural grasslands as European settlement and plow agriculture more and more dominate the vision of what the Plains can be. The subject of cultural perception is, in a sense, redundant; we always see in terms of the frame we bring (Dansereau 1975). In the view of Benjamin Whorf and his school (Rollins 1980), “sight” tends to be based on the uses that the local culture and language assign to phenomena, on the patterns of perception encouraged by group religion, art, poetry, and popular culture (Mathiot 1979). The uses deter mining perception may be aesthetic or nutritional. They may be medicinal or ceremonial.
The Entangled Banl”: Species Interactions in the Structure and Functioning of Grasslands
Authors: Joern Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Naturally occurring species in grasslands do not exist in an ecological vacuum; they confront scores of other species on a daily basis. In some cases, the interaction is a positive one for both participants (mutualism), as occurs between a flower and its pollinating fly, bee, or butterfly. Other, equally routine interactions have negative consequences for one or both participants, including competition among coexisting grasses for limited water, light, or nutrients; grasshoppers eating seedling plants (herbivory); or birds eating the grasshopper just mentioned (predation). These direct interactions determine population sizes of coexisting species and often modify spatial distributions as well. Indirect interactions are at least equally common and possibly more important. For example, a bird feeding on a seedling-feeding grasshopper exerts a positive effect on the host plant population without interacting with it directly, since the bird makes life for plant seedlings a little more secure. If that particular seedling grows and creates important habitat for the bird, both species benefit, the bird twice because it gets to eat grasshoppers as well as build a nest. Such is the nature of interactions in natural systems-straightforward and intuitive in concept, but often complex and convoluted in practice.
Introduction to Part One
Authors: Hirsch Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our Concept of a physical object’s persistence through time seems so fundamental and primitive that it requires a special effort to appreciate what philosophers might be after when they ask for an analysis of this concept. Traditionally the request for such an analysis might take the form of such questions as: What does the identity through time of a physical object consist in? or What is it for a physical object which exists at one time to be the same object as a physical object which exists at another time? In more recent literature one typically finds philosophers asking for an account of our ‘‘identity criteria’‘ for objects. This new terminology, at least as I intend to employ it, still expresses very much the same traditional request for an analysis of our identity concept, except perhaps that to talk about ‘‘identity criteria’‘ is to signal more clearly one’s quite reasonable willingness to settle for an analysis which may be less than airtight and which may allow for many borderline cases.1
Continuity
Authors: Hirsch Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We Want to understand the nature of the unity-making relationship which binds the successive stages of the career of a single persisting object. When one first reflects upon this question, an idea which might readily come to mind is that contiguous stages of a single career must be qualitatively very similar and spatially very close. Over an extended period an object may of course significantly alter its qualitative makeup and its spatial location, but it seems that such alterations occur continuously, i.e., by small degrees. This may suggest the possibility of formulating a very simple kind of analysis of the unity-making relationship in terms essentially of two considerations: (1) continuity of qualitative change (which I will call, for short, ‘‘qualitative continuity’‘), and (2) continuity of locational change (which I will call, for short, ‘‘spatiotemporal continuity’‘).
The Metaphysics Of Persistence
Authors: Hirsch Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One Kind of question that may motivate a philosophical examination of the concept of physical persistence is whether this concept is indispensable to our thought about the world, or whether we could, on the contrary, conceive of the world in some radically different way. Let me first consider this question with regard to the observable persistence of standard objects, like cars, and tables, and trees; in later sections I will extend the discussion to include the persistence of matter. (But it should be understood that special problems revolving around the persistence of persons are not to be treated until a later chapter, except perhaps in an occasional parenthetical aside.)
Introduction To Part Two
Authors: Hirsch Eli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Part attempts, first, to clarify and defend some of the views already presented, and, second, to open up some additional questions about the nature of identity. Each chapter is designed to be an essentially self-complete essay, though there is inevitably a considerable amount of cross-reference. The first two chapters deal directly with several objections to the previous views. Chapter 6 addresses in detail the crucial objection that an analysis of our concept of bodily identity is necessarily circular because the concept is more fundamental, botl1 metaphysically and epistemologically, than any concepts in terms of which the analysis might be couched. In Chapter 7 I take up Shoemaker’s suggestion that causal connectedness is necessary for identity, and the radical suggestion that there are no logically sufficient criteria of identity. Here I also show how Putnam’s notion of a stereotype might be applied to an analysis of identity. Several times in Part One, I expressed the conjecture that our concept of bodily identity is innately determined. This is elaborated and defended in Chapter 8. The question of innateness leads to a consideration of the essential connection between the issue of ‘‘unity’‘ and the issue of ‘‘similarity,’‘ a connection which is pursued in Chapter g. The notion of a natural kind is prominent in recent literature, and in the latter chapter I explore various points of connection between that notion and what I call a ‘‘natural unit.’‘
Perceptive Equilibrium: Literary Theory and Ethical Theory
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The speech of literary theory, especially in recent years, has not often shared Strether’s concerns and connections. I believe that it has an impoverished future without them. I imagine, instead, a future in which our talk about literature will return, increasingly, to a concern with the practical-to the ethical and social questions that give literature its high importance in our lives. A future in which these interests, like Strether’s here, will find themselves connected to an interest in Mme. de Vionnet-in, that is, those emotions and desires that do not reside harmoniously within the domain of ethical judgment. In which a literary-philosophical inquiry, with something like Strether’s “candour of fancy” (1.52) and his “conscientious wonder” (1.49), will ask what literary works express about these matters-express in virtue of their “content,” but also, and inseparably, in virtue of their forms and structures, their ways of describing, since those ways are “at all times” (as Strether “philosophized”) “the very conditions of perception, the terms of thought” (Il.49). In short, a future in which literary theory (while not forgetting its many other pursuits) will also join with ethical theory in pursuit of the question, “How should one live?”
Reading for Life
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this wonderful passage (which is even more wonderful read in full), David, the mature author of his own life story, reminds his readers of the power of the art of fiction to create a relationship between book and reader and to make the reader, for the duration of that relationship, into a certain sort of friend. Novels are David’s closest associates; he remains with them for hours in an intense, intimate, and loving relationship. As he imagines, dreams, and desires in their company, he becomes a certain sort of person. In fact, the narrator clearly wishes us to see that the influence of David’s early reading has been profound in making him the character we come to know, with his fresh childlike wonder before the world of particulars, his generous, mobile, and susceptible heart. And the novel as a whole, in its many self-referential reflections, calls readers to ask themselves, as well, what is happening to them as they read: to notice, for example, that they are sometimes too full of love for certain morally defective characters to be capable of rigorous judgment; that they are perceiving the social world around them with a new freshness of sympathy; in short, that they are taking on increasingly, in the very shape of their desire and wonder, the view of David’s father-that “a loving heart is better and stronger than wisdom.”
Analysis of Alternatively Transcribed Messages in Brain by In Situ Hybridization Using Biotinylated Oligonucleotide Probes
Authors: Tanzi Rudolph E , Hyman Bradley T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In situ hybridization of brain sections allows the localization and quantitation of target mRNA species within specific brain subregions and cell populations. Radioactively labeled and biotinylated cRNA probes generated from transcription vectors such as pGEM or pBluescript are commonly used to visualize sites of expression for a large variety of messages including those encoding enzymes, receptors, neuropeptides, and structural proteins. In addition to cRNA probes, radioactively labeled and biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotide probes have also been employed in in situ hybridization studies. These are particularly useful when specific alternatively spliced transcripts are the target messages. But, perhaps the major advantage conferred by oligonucleotide probes is the ability to quickly ascertain a synthetic probe for a given gene in which the sequence is known.
Memorandum from Mr. Johnson to Dr. Du Bois: Re: Crisis Editorial
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intentions The Republicans did not intend to pass the Dyer Bill. Local political pressure and team work engineered by the NAACP and extraordinary thoughtful and determined lobbying by James Weldon Johnson forced the Bill further than any American, black or white, dreamed. Politicians were surprised when the Bill emerged from the House Committee, and when it passed the House, they were astonished; but they said: “Well it is over now and the ‘buck’ goes to the Senate.” The Senate intended to bury it in committee. But the seat of Chairman Knute Nelson became so hot that despite long squirming and excusing, he had to let it be reported. Then the approaching election forced it on the calendar. And finally there was nothing to stop the Bill from becoming a law, but the Southern Democrats and the Southerners picked the Republicans’ chestnut out of the fire, to the great joy of Medill McCormick, James W. Wadsworth and their kind. The Republicans never intended to pass the Dyer Bill.
Harlem: The Culture Capital
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the history of New York, the significance of the name Harlem has changed from Dutch to Irish to Jewish to Negro. Of these changes, the last has come most swiftly. Throughout colored America, from Massachusetts to Mississippi, and across the continent to Los Angeles and Seattle, its name, which as late as fifteen years ago had scarcely been heard, now stands for the Negro metropolis. Harlem is indeed the great Mecca for the sight-seer, the pleasure-seeker, the curious, the adventurous, the enterprising, the ambitious and the talented of the whole Negro world; for the lure of it has reached down to every island of the Carib Sea and has penetrated even into Africa. In the make-up of New York, Harlem is not merely a Negro colony or community, it is a city within a city, the greatest Negro city in the world. It is not a slum or a fringe, it is located in the heart of Manhattan and occupies one of the most beautiful and healthful sections of the city. It is not a “quarter” of dilapidated tenements, but is made up of new-law apartments and handsome dwellings, with well-paved and well-lighted streets. It has its own churches, social and civic centers, shops, theaters and other places of amusement. And it contains more Negroes to the square mile than any other spot on earth. A stranger who rides up magnificent Sevent Avenue on a bus or in an automobile must be struck with surprise at the transformation which takes place after he crosses One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street. Beginning there, the population suddenly darkens and he rides through twenty-five solid blocks where the passers-by, the shoppers, those sitting in restaurants, coming out of theaters, standing in doorways and looking out of windows are practically all Negroes; and then he emerges where the population as suddenly becomes white again.
Now We Have the Blues
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When I wrote an essay on the Negro’s Creative Genius as a Preface to “The Book of American Negro Poetry,” I made what was, perhaps, a startling statement by saying that the Negro was the creator of the only things artistic that have sprung from the soil and been universally acknowledged as distinctive American products. That was five years ago. Today the statement would not appear so startling, for since it was made the acknowledgment has widened with surprising rapidity that as a creator of American folk-art the Negro stands unapproached. These folk contributions of the Negro may be grouped under four heads: religious songs, folk tales, dancing, and secular music. To these might be added Negro humor, for the humor of the Negro has not only permeated his folk tales, his dancing and secular music, but constitutes a distinct influence that is felt especially on the stage and, to some degree, even in literature. It has furnished a great many of the catch words and phrases that have been seized upon and made current. Curious it is to note the varying degrees in which recognition of these contributions to our common culture has been accorded to the Negro. For more than a century the Negro had been singing his Spirituals before their beauty and significance were recognized. For a still longer period the “ole folks” had been telling the plantation stories to the children of the South, both black and white, before Joel Chandler Harris collected the tales under the title of “Uncle Remus Stories” and made them a permanent part of American literature. The Negro was extremely fortunate in having as his amanuenses persons who, in addition to their other qualifications, were honest. The Spirituals were first collected and set down by white Northerners who came in contact with the Negroes of the South during or immediately after the Civil War.
Jubilee Day
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Being asked to speak at this meeting in celebration of Jubilee Day makes me wonder what I can say-what tribute I can offer-what admonitions I can give that will not appear small beside the vision and courage and faith of those who laid the foundations of this institution-small beside the devotion and labors of those who have followed. This celebration of Jubilee Day is, I believe, one of the most important of all the functions connected with Fisk. It is good for us to take such a glance backward to take a sort of inventory of our heritage. It is not only good, it is necessary. It is in that way that we get out intellectual and spiritual orientation. Youth is often impatient of the past; but we need to feel the ground of the past under our feet in order to be able to move forward. We of this generation need at times to retrace the steps that have led to the place here we now stand, to come to a realization that the position of vantage we now hold was not gained as a mere matter of course in the succession of events, but that into its winning have gone toil and struggle and sacrifice. That word “sacrifice” is one of the noblest in the English language, but it is not in good repute at the present time. One almost apologizes for using it. The quality that it signifies is discounted, is, indeed, scoffed at. But the spirit of sacrifice is still at work in the world.
Progress Under Pressure
Authors: Holmes Frederic Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In early August Hans Krebs returned from his idyllic holiday not only to his work, and to his hard decision about Jerusalem, but to an urgent family problem. His father and sister had pressed him, in addition to helping Wolf find a job in England, to write a “brotherly” letter about the importance of getting out of Germany. Hans carried out this family responsibility in a manner that was not merely brotherly, but big brotherly. His letter included what Hans regarded as “gently phrased” admonitions concerning a “few deficiencies” in Wolrs behavior, in particular the assertion that Wolf was not acting “seriously” enough in pursuit of possibilities for emigration. Not unexpectedly, but apparently to the surprise of Hans, Wolf wrote back a “very remarkable” letter defending himself from Hans’s criticisms.
Arrivals and Partings
Authors: Holmes Frederic Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the time Hans Krebs completed his investigation of the synthesis of glutamine, Hans Weil was no longer with him in Cambridge. During the winter of 1934-35, Weil’s financial position had become untenable. Tighter restrictions on sending money out of Germany sharply decreased the support his parents could send him, even as his new marriage increased his monetary needs. Believing that he could not hold out for longer than six months on the reserves he had in hand, he decided that he would have to use that time to study for the qualifying examination to practice medicine in England. Meanwhile, he began applying for paid research positions. Late in March he noticed an advertisement in Nature for a “research worker in cancer” at the North of England Cancer Campaign in Newcastle-on-Tyne, and showed the notice to Krebs.
The “Great Work”
Authors: Holmes Frederic Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the time Hans Krebs accepted his appointment at Sheffield, he had applied successfully to the Rockefeller Foundation for an annual grant of £200. With this fund, together with the £100 that Edward Wayne had obtained for him, Krebs was able to equip his laboratory amply and to hire a technician. On January 2, 1936, Leonard Eggleston entered the Department of Pharmacology as an assistant to Krebs. A shy young boy of 16, Eggleston had left school in 1934 after completing intermediate school, but he attended evening classes at a commercial college and technical school in Sheffield to further his education in the basic sciences. He had been working for two years as an assistant in the Physics Department of the university, but had become bored with his routine tasks, which included making minor repairs on laboratory apparatus and charging batteries.