bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric postmortem CT angiography: validation of vascular access for PMCT angiography in stillbirths, babies and toddlers
Authors: Bruch G. M. , Hofer P. , Ferraz da Silva L. F. , Pires-Davidson J. R. , Bento dos Santos G. A. , Fischer F. T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The use of angiography in postmortem CT angiography (PMCTA) has several advantages. In adults, femoral vascular access is well established. Due to the small and specific anatomy in fetuses and infants, the technique has to be adapted, especially regarding the vascular access. The aim of this study was to evaluate vascular access for pediatric PMCTA (pedPMCTA).

Materials and Methods
Ten pedPMCTAs were performed in stillbirths, babies, and one toddler. A femoral approach by cannulation of the femoral artery and vein, an umbilical approach by cannulation of the umbilical vessels, and an intraosseous approach by an intraosseous needle were evaluated by handling and resulting imaging.

Results
The insertion of a cannula with a size of 18–20 G in the femoral vessels was possible in babies. An umbilical access with peripheral venous cannulas with a size of 14–20 G was feasible in stillbirths and newborns. An intraosseous access is advisable as equal alternative to umbilical and in cases where a femoral access is not possible. The most significant problem with the vascular access is the extravasation of contrast media, but this can be reduced significantly with practice.

Conclusion
When performing pedPMCTA, an umbilical vascular access is recommended if an umbilical cord with open vessels is still present. Otherwise, a bone marrow access should be preferred in the presence of an arteriovenous shunt or if only the venous system needs to be shown. If that is not the case, the femoral access with the possibility to separate venous and arterial scan should be used.
Applications of Mycotoxin Biomarkers in Human Biomonitoring for Exposome-Health Studies: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Owolabi Iyiola O. , Siwarak Kawisara , Greer Brett , Rajkovic Andreja , Dall’asta Chiara , Karoonuthaisiri Nitsara , Uawisetwathana Umaporn , Elliott Christopher T. , Petchkongkaew Awanwee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis publication reviews the state-of-the-art human biological monitoring (HBM) of mycotoxin biomarkers in breast milk, plasma, serum, and whole blood samples with a focus on the past two decades (2000–2011 and 2011–2021). Three aspects have been analyzed and summarized: (a) the biomarkers detected and their levels found, (b) the analytical methodologies developed and employed, and (c) the exposome concept and the significance of omics tools. From the literature reviewed, aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in human breast milk, plasma and serum were the most widely studied mycotoxin biomarkers for HBM. Regarding analytical methodologies, a clear increase in the development and implementation of mass spectrometry methods for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins was observed. For this purpose, use of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, especially when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has grown substantially and are now the methods of choice. A high percentage of the samples analyzed for various mycotoxins in the literature reviewed were found to contain biomarkers, demonstrating a combination of targeted sampling and high levels of human exposure to mycotoxins within the target populations. Also, most HBM investigations only examined exposure to one or a few mycotoxins at a given period. Human exposome studies undertake a wider evaluation of the exposure as part of epidemiological studies through the discovery of novel biomarkers that exist as potential indicators of environmental influences on human health. However, guidelines are required for analytical method validation, as well as algorithms to establish the relationship between the levels of biomarkers detected in human biofluids and mycotoxin intake.
Enhancing Prenatal Group Medical Visits with Mindfulness Skills: A Pragmatic Trial with Latina and BIPOC Pregnant Women Experiencing Multiple Forms of Structural Inequity
Authors: Duncan Larissa G. , Zhang Na , Santana Trilce , Cook Joseph G. , Castro-Smyth Lisabeth , Hutchison Margaret S. , Huynh Tuyen , Mallareddy Deena , Jurkiewicz Laurie , Bardacke Nancy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Prenatal mindfulness programs can improve mental health, yet access to and cultural and linguistic relevance of existing programs in the United States are limited for people who do not speak English and/or face major life stressors such as migration, housing instability, limited income, and racism. In response, mindfulness skills training drawn from Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) was integrated into Medicaid-covered CenteringPregnancy (CP) group prenatal healthcare, delivered in Spanish and English by certified nurse-midwives and community co-leaders, and tested in a pragmatic pilot trial.

Method
A provider survey of 17 CP clinics informed development of the enhanced program. Next, it was tested with 49 pregnant people who chose CP prenatal care. All of the sample identified as women; 4% as LGBTQ + ; 90% as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (65% as Latina/e/x); 10% as White; and 63% as Spanish-speaking. Groups were allocated 1:1 to CenteringPregnancy or CenteringPregnancy with Mindfulness Skills (CP +).

Results
Intent-to-treat analysis of self-report interview data indicated CP + yielded lower postpartum depression (the a priori primary study outcome) with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.80) and a trend toward lower postpartum anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.59) compared to CP. Hypothesized effects on mindfulness, positive/negative affect, and perceived stress were only partially supported at post-birth follow-up. Satisfaction with care was high across conditions.

Conclusions
Augmenting group prenatal healthcare with mindfulness training in Spanish and English appears feasible, did not reduce satisfaction with care, and may have additional mental health benefits. Key questions remain about structural supports for perinatal well-being.

Preregistration
This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01646463).
Review of the productivity evaluation methods for shale gas wells
Authors: Huang Yize , Li Xizhe , Liu Xiaohua , Zhai Yujia , Fang Feifei , Guo Wei , Qian Chao , Han Lingling , Cui Yue , Jia Yuze 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe influence of geological and engineering factors results in the complex production characteristics of shale gas wells. The productivity evaluation method is effective to analyze the production decline law and estimate the ultimate recovery in the shale gas reservoir. This paper reviews the production decline method, analytical method, numerical simulation method, and machine learning method. which analyzes the applicable conditions, basic principles, characteristics, and limitations of different methods. The research found that the production decline method can mainly account for the gas well production and pressure data by fitting type curve analysis. The analytical method is able to couple multiple transport mechanisms and quantify the impact of different mechanisms on shale gas well productivity. Numerical simulation builds multiple pore media in shale gas reservoirs and performs production dynamics as well as capacity prediction visually. Machine learning methods are a nascent approach that can efficiently use available production data from shale gas wells to predict productivity. Finally, the research discusses the future directions and challenges of shale gas well productivity evaluation methods.
Opportunities and Challenges for AI-Based Analysis of RWD in Pharmaceutical R&D: A Practical Perspective
Authors: Behr Merle , Burghaus Rolf , Diedrich Christian , Lippert Jörg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReal world data (RWD) has become an important tool in pharmaceutical research and development. Generated every time patients interact with the healthcare system when diagnoses are developed and medical interventions are selected, RWD are massive and in many regards typical big data. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze RWD seems an obvious choice. It promises new insights into medical need, drivers of diseases, and new opportunities for pharmacological interventions. When put into practice RWD analyses are challenging. The distributed generation of data, under sub-optimally standardized conditions in a patient-oriented but not information maximizing healthcare transaction, leads to a high level of sparseness and uncontrolled biases. We discuss why this needs to be addressed independent of the type of analysis approach. While classical statistical analysis and modeling approaches provide a rigorous framework for the handling of bias and sparseness, AI methods are not necessarily suited when applied naively. Special precautions need to be taken from choice of method until interpretation of results to prevent potentially harmful fallacies. The conscious use of prior medical subject matter expertise may also be required. Based on typical application examples we illustrate challenges and methodological considerations.
MEMS and MOEMS Gyroscopes: A Review
Authors: Huang Wenyi , Yan Xing , Zhang Sengyu , Li Zhe , Hassan Jamal N. A. , Chen Dingwei , Wen Guangjun , Chen Kai , Deng Guangwei , Huang Yongjun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicro-gyroscopes using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) are the new-generation and recently well-developed gyroscopes produced by the combinations of the traditional gyroscope technology and MEMS/MOEMS technologies. According to the working principle and used materials, the newly-reported micro-gyroscopes in recent years include the silicon-based micromechanical vibratory gyroscope, hemispherical resonant gyroscope, piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope, suspended rotor gyroscope, microfluidic gyroscope, optical gyroscope, and atomic gyroscope. According to different sensitive structures, the silicon-based micromechanical vibratory gyroscope can also be divided into double frame type, tuning fork type, vibrating ring type, and nested ring type. For those micro-gyroscopes, in recent years, many emerging techniques are proposed and developed to enhance different aspects of performances, such as the sensitivity, angle random walk (ARW), bias instability (BI), and bandwidth. Therefore, this paper will firstly review the main performances and applications of those newly-developed MEMS/MOEMS gyroscopes, then comprehensively summarize and analyze the latest research progress of the micro-gyroscopes mentioned above, and finally discuss the future development trends of MEMS/MOEMS gyroscopes.
Naturwissenschaftsdidaktik und Dokumentarische Methode
Authors: Rabe Thorid , Abels Simone , Menthe Jürgen 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird eine methodologische Rahmung der Dokumentarischen Methode im Kontext der Naturwissenschaftsdidaktiken vorgenommen. Nach einem kurzen Überblick zu naturwissenschaftsdidaktischen Forschungsbeiträgen, die mit der Dokumentarischen Methode arbeiten, werden die theoretischen Grundlagen, zentralen Begrifflichkeiten und forschungspraktischen Schritte der Dokumentarischen Methode dargestellt und an Beispielen erläutert. Auf Grundlage bisheriger Forschungsbefunde wird herausgearbeitet, dass ein Mehrwert für naturwissenschaftsdidaktische Erkenntnisinteressen entsteht, wenn die Dokumentarische Methode das Spektrum der in den Naturwissenschaftsdidaktiken verbreiteten forschungsmethodologischen Zugänge erweitert, weil damit weitere bzw. andere Forschungsgegenstände zugänglich oder vertieft analysierbar werden. Auch spezifische Herausforderungen in der Arbeit mit der Dokumentarischen Methode werden diskutiert, die sich unter anderem daraus ergeben, dass fachdidaktische Normativität und fachliche Normen im Forschungsprozess nach Möglichkeit suspendiert werden sollen. Im Anschluss werden die in der Topical Collection „Naturwissenschaftsdidaktik und Dokumentarische Methode“ in der ZfDN veröffentlichten Beiträge auf methodische Spezifika hinsichtlich der Umsetzung der Dokumentarischen Methode befragt. Abschließend geht der Beitrag auf die naturwissenschaftsdidaktischen Erkenntnisse der Artikel in der Topical Collection ein und verdeutlicht, warum diese Erkenntnisse besonders gut (bzw. nur) durch den praxeologischen Zugang der Dokumentarischen Methode zu gewinnen waren.
Evaluation eines E-Learning-Programms zur Förderung gesunder Telearbeit
Authors: Krowicki Martin , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Telearbeit wurde durch den Wandel der Arbeitswelt zunehmend von Unternehmen als Arbeitsmodell etabliert und durch die COVID-19-Pandemie beschleunigt. Ressourcen und Anforderungen müssen deshalb aus arbeitsmedizinischer Sicht beurteilt werden, um Betriebe bei der gesundheitsförderlichen Implementierung von Telearbeit zu unterstützen.

Methodik
Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung wurden aus der Literatur fünf wichtige Handlungsfelder herausgearbeitet, auf deren Basis ein E‑Learning-Programm zur gesunden Telearbeit entwickelt wurde. Anschließend wurde geprüft, ob dieses Programm einen positiven Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit von Telearbeitern hat.
Eine Verwaltungsbehörde in Sachsen-Anhalt wurde für die Studie gewonnen. Es erfolgte ein intraindividueller Vergleich mit einer Teilstichprobe (Prä-Post: 25 Telearbeiter, 19 weiblich, 6 männlich). Im Mittelpunkt stand die Durchführung des E‑Learning-Programms (5 Module zu Handlungsfeldern: Work-Life-Balance, soziale Isolation, interessierte Selbstgefährdung, Ergonomie, virtuelle Führung). Es wurden folgende Fragebögen eingesetzt: Kurz-Fragebogen zur Arbeitsanalyse, Work-Ability-Index, Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Teilnahme am E‑Learning-Programm keine signifikanten Verbesserungen hinsichtlich der gemessenen Parameter im Prä-Post-Vergleich erzielte (Arbeitsumgebung, Arbeitsbelastungen, Burnout-Risiko, Arbeitsfähigkeit, Work-Life-Balance), jedoch zeigte sich hier tendenziell eine Zunahme der Arbeitsbelastung (Arbeitsmenge, Kompliziertheit der Arbeit).

Diskussion
Die Studie stand unter dem Einfluss politisch-gesellschaftlicher Ereignissen der letzten Jahre (Pandemie, Flüchtlingswelle aus der Ukraine), was die Teilnahme einer größeren Zahl an Beschäftigten stark beeinflusste. Zukünftig sollten weitere Studien die Effektivität von Online-Interventionen in Verbindung mit Präsenzschulungen (hybrides Lernen) unter regulären Telearbeitsbedingungen untersuchen.
Green Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Based on InGaN Quantum Dots and Short Cavity
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Yan-Hui , Wang Ya-Chao , Ou Wei , Ying Lei-Ying , Mei Yang , Tian Ai-Qin , Liu Jian-Ping , Guo Hao-Chung , Zhang Bao-Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRoom temperature low threshold lasing of green GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) was demonstrated under continuous wave (CW) operation. By using self-formed InGaN quantum dots (QDs) as the active region, the VCSEL emitting at 524.0 nm has a threshold current density of 51.97 A cm−2, the lowest ever reported. The QD epitaxial wafer featured with a high IQE of 69.94% and the δ-function-like density of states plays an important role in achieving low threshold current. Besides, a short cavity of the device (~ 4.0 λ) is vital to enhance the spontaneous emission coupling factor to 0.094, increase the gain coefficient factor, and decrease the optical loss. To improve heat dissipation, AlN layer was used as the current confinement layer and electroplated copper plate was used to replace metal bonding. The results provide important guidance to achieving high performance GaN-based VCSELs.
stratEst: a software package for strategy frequency estimation
Authors: Dvorak Fabian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractstratEst is a software package for strategy frequency estimation in the freely available statistical computing environment R (R Development Core Team in R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2022). The package aims at minimizing the start-up costs of running the modern strategy frequency estimation techniques used in experimental economics. Strategy frequency estimation (Stahl and Wilson in J Econ Behav Organ 25: 309–327, 1994; Stahl and Wilson in Games Econ Behav, 10: 218–254, 1995) models the choices of participants in an economic experiment as a finite-mixture of individual decision strategies. The parameters of the model describe the associated behavior of each strategy and its frequency in the data. stratEst provides a convenient and flexible framework for strategy frequency estimation, allowing the user to customize, store and reuse sets of candidate strategies. The package includes useful functions for data processing and simulation, strategy programming, model estimation, parameter testing, model checking, and model selection.
A Resilience Analysis of a Motorway Tunnel Affected by a Traffic Accident Using the Average Vehicles’ Speed as a Metric
Authors: Caliendo Ciro , Russo Isidoro , Genovese Gianluca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven the role of road tunnels in a road network, it is relevant to quantitatively assess their resilience due to disruptive events. In this respect, the travel speed of traffic flow, as a metric of resilience, in the event of traffic accidents in road tunnels has been scarcely used. This represents a gap of knowledge that this paper intends to fill. For the purpose, the research method applied involves the development of a traffic macro-simulation model, and the analysis of results using the average travel speed and its spatial profile as a resilience metric. Particularly, we have evaluated the resilience of a twin-tube motorway tunnel when a traffic accident occurs in a tube. The findings showed how the best functionality level of the system, expressed in terms of average vehicles’ speed, with its related greatest resilience index, is associated with the partial closure of the disrupted tube rather than the complete one. Further benefits might be obtained by activating Variable Message Signs (VMSs) that alert only the Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) to exit the motorway before entering the tunnel and to use an alternative itinerary identified in the nearby transportation network. In this respect, we found that by means of the activation of VMSs as a traffic control strategy, the resilience index increased by about 7–17% when the traffic accident caused the partial closure of the disrupted tube for 1–3 h. Improvements might also be achieved by rapidly opening the two traffic by-passes at the tunnel portals that allow for the use of the adjacent undisrupted tube for two-way traffic. The unavailability of an alternative itinerary in the nearby transportation network along which to re-route the HGVs is also examined, finding a reduction in the functionality conditions of the system. The results obtained might serve as a support tool in the choice of functional recovery strategies in the case of the temporary partial or complete block of a tunnel tube due to a traffic accident.
Breaking Free from Field Layers: The Interest of Post-excavation Stratigraphies (PES) for Producing Reliable Archaeological Interpretations and Increasing Chronological Resolution
Authors: Discamps Emmanuel , Thomas Marc , Dancette Christelle , Gravina Brad , Plutniak Sébastien , Royer Aurélien , Angelin Alexandre , Bachellerie François , Beauval Cédric , Bordes Jean-Guillaume , Deschamps Marianne , Langlais Mathieu , Laroulandie Véronique , Mallye Jean-Baptiste , Michel Alexandre , Perrin Thomas , Rendu William 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to track diachronic changes in archaeological sequences, researchers typically partition time into stratigraphic layers defined during fieldwork, which serve as the framework for ensuing analyses. These analytical units have a significant impact on archaeological inference, defining its resolution, and influencing both the study of cultural assemblages and the reconstruction of past environments. However, field layers are seldom re-evaluated after excavation despite the fact that archaeological deposits are now commonly recognised as often containing material ‘mixed’ together by site formation processes, excavation techniques, or analytical practices. Although the analysis of intra-site spatial data clearly offers a means to overcome these issues, our literature review of 192 journal articles revealed the potential of this data (notably vertical projections of piece-plotted artefacts) to be under-exploited in prehistoric archaeology. Here, we advocate for the development of a more spatially informed framework for interpretation that we refer to as post-excavation stratigraphy or PES. After proposing a definition for PES, we attempt to develop a framework for theoretical considerations underlying their implication, importance, and potential. Three main benefits of PES are highlighted: ensuring assemblage reliability, increased chronological and spatial resolution, and more reliable interpretations based on a multi-stratigraphic approach. We contend that the stratigraphy defined during fieldwork is insufficient and potentially misleading. By providing a different “stratigraphic view” of the same sequence, each specialist can contribute data that, when combined, produces a better understanding of interactions between changes in, for example, technological or cultural traditions, subsistence strategies, or paleoenvironments.
Short wind pulses consistently change the morphology of roots, but not of shoots, across young plants of different growth forms
Authors: Heinze Johannes , Werger Luise , Ogden Michael , Heinken Thilo , Hoefgen Rainer , Weber Ewald 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWind is an environmental stimulus that stresses plants of all growth forms at all life-stages by influencing the development, architecture, and morphology of roots and shoots. However, comparative studies are scarce and no study directly investigated whether shoot and root morphological traits of trees, grasses and forbs differ in their response to short wind pulses of different wind intensity. In this study, we found that across species, wind stress by short wind pulses of increasing intensity consistently changed root morphology, but did not affect shoot morphological traits, except plant height in four species. Wind effects in roots were generally weak in tree species but consistent across growth forms. Furthermore, plant height of species was correlated with changes in specific root length and average diameter.Our results indicate that short-pulse wind treatments affect root morphology more than shoot morphology across growth forms. They further suggest that wind stress possibly promotes root anchorage in young plants and that these effects might depend on plant height.