bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the stability of coal microstructure under the influence of weak electromagnetic fields
Authors: Bazaluk Oleg , Sobolev Valerii , Molchanov Oleksandr , Burchak Oleksandr , Bezruchko Kostiantyn , Holub Nataliia , Tereshkova Olha , Kulivar Viacheslav , Fedorenko Eduard , Lozynskyi Vasyl 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe article presents experimental results of research concerning the action of weak electric and magnetic fields on physicochemical transformations in samples of hard coal with a previously destabilized microstructure. The actions of electric and magnetic fields are fundamentally different by many parameters. It has been shown that after treatment with a weak electric field, coal posted an electret potential with an anomalously continuous charge relaxation. Compared to untreated coal samples, the rate of methane emission from methane-saturated samples is maximum for long-flame coal and decreases as it approaches anthracite. The electric field stimulates the grinding of microparticles, a decrease in the maximum gas outlet temperature, a decrease in the enthalpy value in the formation of a new phase, and an increase in the chemical activity of treated coal samples. Fundamentally different results were obtained with magnetic stimulation of coals. In X-ray diffractograms of coal powders after magnetic treatment, the values of the maxima of the main peaks are the largest in comparison with the original samples and those treated with an electric field, which is consistent with an increase in the size of microparticles in a magnetic field. There is an increase in the heat of combustion and a decrease (by 5 times) in the loss of coal mass during heating.
Domestic pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) do not show a preference to contrafreeload, but are willing
Authors: Rothkoff Liza , Feng Lynna , Byosiere Sarah-Elizabeth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractContrafreeloading is the behavior of working for food when also provided with identical food that does not require effort to obtain. This behavior has been observed in humans and non-human animals, including domesticated species. In the current investigation, we assessed whether companion animals, specifically domestic dogs, contrafreeload when presented with two feeders simultaneously, a snuffle mat (a work for food device) and a tray (a freely available food device). Thirty-eight pet dogs participated in the study in which ten feeding trials were presented where food was distributed equally in both feeders. Three overarching research questions were considered: (1) Do dogs prefer to contrafreeload and/or are they willing to contrafreeload, (2) is activity (step count) or body condition score (BCS) related to contrafreeloading behavior and, (3) does previous experience with puzzle feeders impact contrafreeloading behavior? Two general linear models were conducted assessing the effects of sex, experience, age, activity and BCS on the proportion of first choices to the snuffle mat (ICs) and the number of interactions with the snuffle mat while food was still available in the tray (INs). Overall, when assessing the proportion of first choices to each feeder, dogs demonstrated a willingness to contrafreeload but not a preference to contrafreeload. In a reduced model, only one term, owner-reported body condition score, had a significant effect, suggesting that dogs with a higher BCS demonstrated a greater proportion of first choices for the snuffle mat (F (1,36) = 7.72, p = 0.009, η2p = 0.177). In evaluating the number of interactions with the snuffle mat while food was still available in the tray, the model was not significant (F (5,29) = 1.231, p = 0.320, η2p = 0.175). This study represents the first investigation of contrafreeloading in domestic pet dogs and informs recommendations for canine enrichment.
Chromosomal positioning and epigenetic architecture influence DNA methylation patterns triggered by galactic cosmic radiation
Authors: Perdyan Adrian , Jąkalski Marcin , Horbacz Monika , Beheshti Afshin , Mieczkowski Jakub 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite surging interest in space travel in recent decades, the impacts of prolonged, elevated exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) on human health remain poorly understood. This form of ionizing radiation causes significant changes to biological systems including damage to DNA structure by altering epigenetic phenotype with emphasis on DNA methylation. Building on previous work by Kennedy et al. (Sci Rep 8(1): 6709. 10.1038/S41598-018-24755-8), we evaluated spatial DNA methylation patterns triggered by high-LET (56Fe, 28Si) and low-LET (X-ray) radiation and the influence of chromosome positioning and epigenetic architecture in distinct radial layers of cell nucleus. Next, we validated our results using gene expression data of mice irradiated with simulated GCR and JAXA astronauts. We showed that primarily 56Fe induces a persistent DNA methylation increase whereas 28Si and X-ray induce a decrease DNA methylation which is not persistent with time. Moreover, we highlighted the role of nuclear chromatin architecture in cell response to external radiation. In summary, our study provides novel insights towards epigenetic and transcriptomic response as well as chromatin multidimensional structure influence on galactic cosmic radiation damage.
Seasonal predictability of the dominant surface ozone pattern over China linked to sea surface temperature
Authors: Chen Yuan , Chen Dean , Nie Linru , Liu Wenqi , Fan Jingfang , Chen Xiaosong , Zhang Yongwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMitigation surface ozone pollution becomes increasingly pivotal in improving China’s air quality. However, the impact of global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) on the long-term predictability of China’s surface ozone remains challenging. In this study, we employ eigen techniques to effectively characterize dominant surface ozone patterns over China, and establish cross-correlations between the dominant patterns and global SSTA time series. Our findings reveal that China’s summer ozone pollution is strongly associated with crucial SSTA clusters linked to atmospheric circulations, i.e., the West Pacific Subtropical High and the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern. For winter, ozone pollution is attributed to SSTA clusters related to the Southern Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation and others. We propose a multivariate regression model capable of predicting surface ozone patterns with a lead time of at least 3 months. Evaluation of our model using a testing dataset yields an R-value of around 0.5 between predicted and observed data, surpassing statistical significance threshold. This suggests the viability and potential applicability of our predictive model in surface ozone forecasting and mitigation strategies in China.
Catalytic synthesis of β-lactam derivatives by carbonylative cycloaddition of acylsilanes with imines via a palladium Fischer-carbene intermediate
Authors: Inagaki Tetsuya , Kodama Takuya , Tobisu Mamoru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFischer-type carbene complexes are characterized by the presence of a π-donating group, such as an alkoxy group on the carbene carbon. Despite the notable progress that has been made in synthetic methods that involve the use of Fischer-type carbene complexes, stoichiometric amounts of carbene complexes are still required for such reactions and catalytic variants remain elusive. This limitation primarily stems from the lack of suitable carbene precursors, which is in sharp contrast to the fact that carbene complexes bearing an electron-withdrawing group can be readily generated from the corresponding diazo esters. Here we report that acylsilanes can function as a precursor for a Fischer-carbene complex by the action of a palladium catalyst. This system can be used in catalytic carbonylative cycloaddition reactions with imines to form densely substituted β-lactam derivatives. A key siloxycarbene–palladium intermediate complex was isolated and successfully characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Transcription readthrough is prevalent in healthy human tissues and associated with inherent genomic features
Authors: Caldas Paulo , Luz Mariana , Baseggio Simone , Andrade Rita , Sobral Daniel , Grosso Ana Rita 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTranscription termination is a crucial step in the production of conforming mRNAs and functional proteins. Under cellular stress conditions, the transcription machinery fails to identify the termination site and continues transcribing beyond gene boundaries, a phenomenon designated as transcription readthrough. However, the prevalence and impact of this phenomenon in healthy human tissues remain unexplored. Here, we assessed transcription readthrough in almost 3000 transcriptome profiles representing 23 human tissues and found that 34% of the expressed protein-coding genes produced readthrough transcripts. The production of readthrough transcripts was restricted in genomic regions with high transcriptional activity and was associated with inefficient splicing and increased chromatin accessibility in terminal regions. In addition, we showed that these transcripts contained several binding sites for the same miRNA, unravelling a potential role as miRNA sponges. Overall, this work provides evidence that transcription readthrough is pervasive and non-stochastic, not only in abnormal conditions but also in healthy tissues. This suggests a potential role for such transcripts in modulating normal cellular functions.
Deep proteomic analysis of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome by DIA-MS of extracellular vesicle enriched fractions
Authors: Tian Wenmin , Shi Dongxue , Zhang Yinmei , Wang Hongli , Tang Haohao , Han Zhongyu , Wong Catherine C. L. , Cui Liyan , Zheng Jiajia , Chen Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProteins in the plasma/serum mirror an individual’s physiology. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteins constitute a large portion of the plasma/serum proteome. Thus, deep and unbiased proteomic analysis of circulating plasma/serum extracellular vesicles holds promise for discovering disease biomarkers as well as revealing disease mechanisms. We established a workflow for simple, deep, and reproducible proteome analysis of both serum large and small EVs enriched fractions by ultracentrifugation plus 4D-data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (4D-DIA-MS). In our cohort study of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS), 4270 and 3328 proteins were identified from large and small EVs enriched fractions respectively. Both of them revealed known or new pathways related to OAPS. Increased levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and insulin receptor (INSR) were identified as candidate biomarkers, which shed light on hypercoagulability and abnormal insulin signaling in disease progression. Our workflow will significantly promote our understanding of plasma/serum-based disease mechanisms and generate new biomarkers.
Observation of large spin-polarized Fermi surface of a magnetically proximitized semiconductor quantum well
Authors: Shiratani Harunori , Takiguchi Kosuke , Anh Le Duc , Tanaka Masaaki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe magnetic proximity effect (MPE) attracts much attention as a promising way for introducing ferromagnetism into a nonmagnetic electron-transport channel. Although the range of MPE is generally limited to the interface, it is extended to several tens of nm in high-quality semiconductor bilayers consisting of a nonmagnetic quantum well (QW) and an underlying ferromagnetic semiconductor (FMS) layer. To elucidate the mechanism of this long-range MPE, it is essential to observe the magnetically proximitized electronic structure of the nonmagnetic semiconductor. Here, by investigating the Shubnikov - de Haas oscillations in nonmagnetic n-type InAs QW / FMS (Ga,Fe)Sb bilayers, we successfully observe the spin-polarized Fermi surface of the InAs QW. The spontaneous spin-splitting energy in the conduction band of the InAs QW reaches 18 meV when applying a negative gate voltage. This large and gate-tunable spin-polarized Fermi surface of a magnetically proximitized InAs QW provides an ideal platform for novel spintronic and topological devices.
Full-bandwidth anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory and its application to superhydrides
Authors: Lucrezi Roman , Ferreira Pedro P. , Hajinazar Samad , Mori Hitoshi , Paudyal Hari , Margine Elena R. , Heil Christoph 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMigdal-Eliashberg theory is one of the state-of-the-art methods for describing conventional superconductors from first principles. However, widely used implementations assume a constant density of states around the Fermi level, which hinders a proper description of materials with distinct features in its vicinity. Here, we present an implementation of the Migdal-Eliashberg theory within the EPW code that considers the full electronic structure and accommodates scattering processes beyond the Fermi surface. To significantly reduce computational costs, we introduce a non-uniform sampling scheme along the imaginary axis. We demonstrate the power of our implementation by applying it to the sodalite-like clathrates YH6 and CaH6, and to the covalently-bonded H3S and D3S. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of maximizing the density of states at the Fermi level in doped H3S and BaSiH8 within the full-bandwidth treatment compared to the constant-density-of-states approximation. Our findings highlight the importance of this advanced treatment in such complex materials.
O que fazer, quando e como? e-globulus, plataforma web de apoio à gestão ativa de povoamentos de eucalipto em Portugal
Authors: Quintela Ana , Fernandes Célia , Gaspar João , Fabres Sérgio 
Published: January 2024

Cerca de 36% do território continental português é florestal, com mais de 800 mil hectares ocupados com eucalipto, maioritariamente Eucalyptus globulus, embora se reconheça que grande parte careça de gestão. O aumento desejável da área com gestão ativa e da melhoria da produtividade dos povoamentos requer conhecimento científico de suporte às operações florestais que maximizem o potencial do terreno e assegurem a sustentabilidade dos serviços ecossistémicos.
A plataforma e-globulus (www.e-globulus.pt) está disponível desde agosto de 2019 e é uma ferramenta inovadora na disseminação do conhecimento em silvicultura e eucalipto em Portugal. Disponibiliza automaticamente indicações técnicas silvícolas de acordo com as características do povoamento e a sua localização (base em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica). A plataforma é de acesso gratuito e serve produtores florestais, organizações de produtores florestais, grupos de certificação e outras entidades do setor florestal, academia e público em geral. A floresta nacional de eucalipto é responsável por fornecer matéria-prima a um setor competitivo e de elevado valor acrescentado pelo que a redução da área não gerida potenciará ganhos económicos, sociais e ambientais e uma redução do défice estrutural na oferta de madeira de eucalipto em Portugal. A plataforma tem potencial colaborativo pois facilita a interação entre os diferentes agentes do setor florestal.
Effect of nitrogen and boron fertilisation on juvenile stone pine growth. A pot experiment
Authors: Sempiterno Cristina , Fernandes Rui , Marcelo Maria da Encarnação 
Published: January 2024

At the establishment stage of a forest plantation, soil nutritional limitations can lead to insufficient plant growth and predispose plants to biotic and abiotic damages. Adequate plant nutrition contributes to proper plant establishment and subsequent growth. Nitrogen (N) and boron (B), among others, are essential nutrients for plant vigour and growth, and their requirements need to be established. However, there is a lack of information concerning post-transplant fertilisation of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.).
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of N and B applications on the vegetative growth of stone pine during the first three years in a conditioned environment. Morphological characteristics such as height growth (HGI), root collar diameter (RCDI), total branches length (TBL) and terminal buds length (BL) were evaluated for each plant, as well as the aboveground and root biomass production. The results showed that N fertilisation caused an increase in all growth variables suggesting that the application of N at a juvenile stage (after transplanting) of this specie will improve its development and obtain a reserve of this nutrient to be used by the plant at later stages of development, especially in soils with low fertility. Boron application had no effect on the evaluated parameters.
Nasal Obstruction: Overview of Pathophysiology and Presentation of a Clinically Relevant Preoperative Plan for Rhino(Septo)plasty
Authors: Snoeks Simon , Velasco Enrique , Talavera Karel , Hellings Peter W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImpairment of nasal breathing is a highly prevalent and bothersome symptom that affects daily functioning and/or sleep quality. Those surgeons dealing with patients seeking rhinoplasty need to carefully analyze the preoperative nasal breathing capacity and predict the positive or even negative impact of rhino(septo)plasty on nasal breathing. Given the lack of correlation between the subjective feeling of suboptimal nasal breathing and the objective measurements of nasal flow and nasal resistance, a critical and mainly clinical evaluation of all anatomical, mucosal, and sensory mechanisms involved in nasal obstruction is mandatory. Indeed, thermo-, mechano-, and chemosensory receptors on the nasal mucosa, airflow, and respiratory dynamics might all contribute to the overall perception of nasal breathing capacity. In this review, we provide an overview of the factors determining suboptimal nasal breathing including different diagnostic and experimental tests that can be performed to evaluate nasal flow and nasal resistance and current limitations in our understanding of the problem of nasal breathing in an individual patient. An algorithm for the preoperative or diagnostic workup for nasal obstruction is included that might be useful as a guide for clinicians dealing with patients seeking nose surgery.
Shifting Paradigms and Arising Concerns in Severe Hemophilia A Treatment
Authors: Chandran Rubhan , Tohit Eusni R. Mohd. , Stanslas Johnson , Salim Norazlinaliza , Mahmood Tuan M.T. , Rajagopal Mogana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe management of hemophilia A has undergone a remarkable revolution, in line with technological advancement. In the recent past, the primary concern associated with Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates was the risk of infections, which is now almost resolved by advanced blood screening and viral inactivation methods. Improving patients' compliance with prophylaxis has become a key focus, as it can lead to improved health outcomes and reduced health care costs in the long term. Recent bioengineering research is directed toward prolonging the recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) coagulant activity and synthesising higher FVIII yields. As an outcome, B-domain deleted, polyethylene glycolated, single-chain, Fc-fused rFVIII, and rFVIIIFc-von Willebrand Factor-XTEN are available for patients. Moreover, emicizumab, a bispecific antibody, is commercially available, whereas fitusiran and tissue factor pathway inhibitor are in clinical trial stages as alternative strategies for patients with inhibitors. With these advancements, noninfectious complications, such as inhibitor development, allergic reactions, and thrombosis, are emerging concerns requiring careful management. In addition, the recent approval of gene therapy is a major milestone toward a permanent cure for hemophilia A. The vast array of treatment options at our disposal today empowers patients and providers alike, to tailor therapeutic regimens to the unique needs of each individual. Despite significant progress in modern treatment options, these highly effective therapies are markedly more expensive than conventional replacement therapy, limiting their access for patients in developing countries.
Navigating the perils of artificial intelligence: a focused review on ChatGPT and responsible research and innovation
Authors: Polyportis Athanasios , Pahos Nikolaos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) tools holds promise for delivering benefits, it is important to acknowledge the associated risks of their deployment. In this article, we conduct a focused literature review to address two central research inquiries concerning ChatGPT and similar AI tools. Firstly, we examine the potential pitfalls linked with the development and implementation of ChatGPT across the individual, organizational, and societal levels. Secondly, we explore the role of a multi-stakeholder responsible research and innovation framework in guiding chatbots’ sustainable development and utilization. Drawing inspiration from responsible research and innovation and stakeholder theory principles, we underscore the necessity of comprehensive ethical guidelines to navigate the design, inception, and utilization of emerging AI innovations. The findings of the focused review shed light on the potential perils of ChatGPT implementation across various societal levels, including issues such as devaluation of relationships, unemployment, privacy concerns, bias, misinformation, and digital inequities. Furthermore, the proposed multi-stakeholder Responsible Research and Innovation framework can empower AI stakeholders to proactively anticipate and deliberate upon AI’s ethical, social, and environmental implications, thus substantially contributing to the pursuit of responsible AI implementation.
The role of international education on public diplomacy: the case of Kosovo International Summer Academy
Authors: Hajdari Labinot , Krasniqi Judita , Limani Blerim , Limani Emira , Chen Alex 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThrough international education programs such as the Kosovo International Summer Academy (KSA), countries aim to change their image, influence, and shift the perception and attitudes of international students towards the host country. In this article, we analyze the role of KSA in bringing international students to Kosovo and the changes in KSA students’ perceptions, beliefs, and evaluations of Kosovo after visiting the country. We analyze the results based on how often KSA students have been to Kosovo, their most significant impressions, their attitude before and after visiting the country, and whether they would return to Kosovo after exposure to the information in KSA. Our findings suggest that after coming to Kosovo, KSA students evaluate Kosovo more positively compared to their opinion before participating in KSA. In turn, this suggests that international education programs may be a viable strategy for improving the image and public perceptions of small states facing similar state-building and diplomatic challenges as Kosovo.