bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspektiva e gjuhës standarde shqipe në gjysmëshekullin e ardhshëm
Authors: Ibrahimi Zeqirja 
Published: December 2023

Abstrakt
Në kohën që u arrit gjuha standarde shqipe, me Kongresin e Drejtshkrimit, shtytja e të gjithë shqiptarëve ishte që, si komb, ta kurorëzojmë indin lidhor të kombit të ndarë në disa shtete, por edhe të derdhur nëpër botë gjithandej.
E sot, kur Shqipëria e Kosova e kanë gjuhën standarde shqipe gjuhë zyrtare, ndërsa shqiptarët në Maqedoninë e Veriut janë në përpjekje të mbarë që këtë ta arrijnë edhe në këtë shtet, duke e përmbyllur kështu me sukses një gjysmëshekull për ruajtjen e indit lidhor “Një komb – një gjuhë”, shtrohet pyetja se cilat do të jenë sfidat e gjuhës standarde shqipe në kushtet e integrimit europian dhe globalizimit.
Në mungesë të një politike gjuhësore shtetërore, që investon në ruajtjen dhe kultivimin e gjuhës standarde shqipe, ndërsa në kushte të “presionit të butë” (soft power) nga anglishtja, që sot po bëhet lingua franca e botës, si dhe duke u gjetur nën trysninë e mirëqenies ekonomike, por edhe duke qenë populli me shpërngulje kaq masive, së fundi edhe me rënien e natalitetit, sfidat që na presin në 100-vjetorin e Kongresit të Drejtshkrimit do të jenë shumë më të mëdha për “shpëtimin” e gjuhës standarde shqipe.
Përtej parashikimeve jo të mira, na duhet një vizion i ri për gjuhën shqipe në gjysmëshekullin e ardhshëm.
Fjalori i Oksfordit i gjuhës angleze dhe Shqipëria
Authors: Esposito Anthony , Shehu Hajri , Shehu Bledar 
Published: December 2023

Fjalori i Oksfordit** është fjalori më i madh dhe më i njohur i gjuhës angleze në botë. Ai pasqyron kuptimet, historinë dhe shqiptimin e më shumë se 500.000 fjalëve. Ka mbi tre milionë citate të marra nga burime reale, të cilat ilustrojnë përdorimin e çdo fjale që nga zanafilla e tyre. Fjalori i Oksfordit është autoriteti i pranueshëm i gjuhës angleze qëkur është botuar, mbi 100 vjet më parë. Gjatë gjithë kësaj kohe, ai është bërë pjesë e pazëvendësueshme e kulturës, gjuhën e së cilës dokumenton.
Ka qenë viti 1857, kur Shoqata Filologjike e Londrës (Philological Society of London), duke vënë re pamjaftueshmërinë dhe mangësinë e fjalorëve të kohës, kërkoi një lloj të ri fjalori, një fjalor gjithëpërfshirës, që të mbulonte tërë historinë e gjuhës angleze dhe që të përfshinte gjithë leksikun (e kohës dhe të vjetruar), që nga shekulli XII e deri më tani. Sidoqoftë, puna për këtë projekt viktorian, dukshëm ambicioz në fillim, eci shumë ngadalë. Vetëm më 1879 pati një marrëveshje me Shtëpinë Botuese të Universitetit të Oksfordit (Oxford University Press) për ta filluar punën seriozisht dhe një mësues skocez (anëtar i Shoqatës Filologjike), Xhejms Mari (James Murray) u caktua si redaktor. Fjalori i Oksfordit në trajtën që njohim sot, është rezultat i përpjekjeve shumë të mëdha të Marit.
Disa të dhëna rreth lëvizjes dhe këngëve popullore të kaçakëve në shqipëri
Authors: Haxhihasani Qemal 
Published: December 2023

Lëvizja e kaçakëve dhe krijimet artistike popullore përkatëse, si një fenomen tipik historik-shoqëror dhe kulturalo-artistik i popujve të
Evropës juglindore, ka tërhequr prej kohësh vëmendjen e studjuesve. Studime me interes janë bërë sidomos në këto kohët e fundit, për të vënë në pah ekzistencën e këtij fenomeni në vendet e ndryshme të kësaj treve premisat historike që kanë kushtëzuar gjenezën, karakterin dhe tendencat e zhvillimit të tij. a fë ritë tipologjike dhe ndikimet reciproke midis krijimeve popullore të këtyre vendeve. Me gjithë rezultatet e arritura , studimet në drejtim të zgjerimit të njohurive rreth ekzistencës dhe veçorive kombëtare të këtij fenomeni, si edhe në atë të problemeve të ndërlidhjes dhe të ndërveprimit me njëri-tjetrin, ngjallin interes dhe ruajnë gjithmonë vlerë aktuale.
La diversité en fin de vie : la rencontre de « l’Autre » à l’approche de la mort en contexte gériatrique
Authors: Lessard Sabrina 
Published: December 2023

Dans un contexte sociétal où, d’une part, on valorise les avancées de la médecine qui donnent accès à une vie de plus en plus longue et où, d’autre part, le mourir dans la dignité est un droit pour toutes les personnes en fin de vie, comment les proches et le personnel soignant s’expliquent-ils les divergences de point de vue au moment de reconnaître l’approche de la mort et de choisir les soins appropriés? À partir d’une étude ethnographique menée au Québec dans deux institutions gériatriques, cet article vise à documenter la façon dont les proches et les soignants mènent la négociation du juste et de l’assez dans une perspective d’accompagnement en fin de vie des personnes du grand âge, où les enjeux deviennent éminemment moraux. Nous y interrogeons les rapports de pouvoir et les représentations de « l’Autre » qui ont une influence lorsque vient le moment d’établir non seulement si un soin de fin de vie est approprié, mais aussi à quel moment il le devient.
ENTRE MEMÓRIAS E HISTÓRIAS: A LITERATURA DE AUTORIA FEMININA ALAGOINHENSE TECENDO SIGNOS DE INDEPENDÊNCIA
Authors: SILVA GISLENE ALVES DA , Dos Santos Pedreira Moreira Jailma , De Oliveira Santos Maria José , Silva Paz Vanessa 
Published: December 2023

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre a literatura de autoria feminina de Alagoinhas (BA). Sendo assim, buscamos trazer para cena algumas escritoras e suas produções, acompanhadas de uma discussão sobre o que tratam seus textos, aqui recortados, e como estas mulheres tem feito para produzir e dar visibilidade a seus escritos. Aliado a tudo isso perpassa um debate sobre nossa independência, aproveitando o trabalho com a palavra desenvolvido por cada escritora estudada e seu processo de produção-publicação. Para tanto, como dissemos, elegemos algumas escritoras alagoinhenses e recortes de sua produção, bem como consideramos pesquisas feitas sobre a temática e outros estudos condizentes. Nesse sentido, destacamos algumas autoras que nos ajudam na reflexão, como Schmidt (2017), Alves (2005) Lugones (2020), Santiago (2020), entre outras. Por fim, percebemos que as escritoras alagoinhenses se apropriaram da palavra e tem nos ajudado a refletir sobre formas de aprisionamento da nossa vida, bem como indicam signos de resistência que nos levam a pensar sobre a nossa real independência. Tal trabalho, construído em forma de parceria, sem contar com políticas mais específicas e sistemáticas apontam demandas e caminhos tecidos na e com a literatura, retomando memórias, histórias, outras perspectivas contra um capital-patriarcal-racista-colonial e em prol de uma reexistência.
Palavras-chave: Literatura. Produção feminina. Independência. Re-existência
Hydrated Eutectic Electrolyte Induced Bilayer Interphase for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries with 100 °C Wide‐Temperature Range
Authors: Wan Jiandong , Wang Rui , Liu Zixiang , Zhang Shilin , Hao Junnan , Mao Jianfeng , Li Hongbao , Chao Dongliang , Zhang Longhai , Zhang Chaofeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe practical implementation of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) encounters challenges such as dendrite growth, parasitic reactions, and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments. Here, a novel hydrated eutectic electrolyte (HEE) composed of Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O, ethylene glycol (EG), and InCl3 solution is introduced to effectively extend the lifespan of AZIBs over a wide temperature range from −50 to 50 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations and spectroscopy analysis demonstrate that the H2O molecules are confined within the liquid eutectic network through dual‐interaction, involving coordination with Zn2+ and hydrogen bonding with EG, thus weakening the activity of free water and extending the electrochemical window. Importantly, cryo‐transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques reveal that HEE in situ forms a zincophobic/zincophilic bilayer interphase by the dissociation‐reduction of eutectic molecules. Specifically, the zincophilic interphase reduces the energy barrier for Zn nucleation, promoting uniform Zn deposition, while the zincophobic interphase prevents active water from contacting the Zn surface, thus inhibiting the side reactions. Furthermore, the relationships between the structural evolution of the liquid eutectic network and interfacial chemistry at electrode/electrolyte interphase are further discussed in this work. The scalability of this design strategy can bring benefits to AZIBs operating over a wide temperature range.
Formation of Cluster‐Structured Metallic Filaments in Organic Memristors for Wearable Neuromorphic Systems with Bio‐Mimetic Synaptic Weight Distributions
Authors: Jung Uihoon , Kim Miseong , Jang Jaewon , Bae Jin‐Hyuk , Kang In Man , Lee Sin‐Hyung 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith increasing demand for wearable electronics capable of computing huge data, flexible neuromorphic systems mimicking brain functions have been receiving much attention. Despite considerable efforts in developing practical neural networks utilizing several types of flexible artificial synapses, it is still challenging to develop wearable systems for complex computations due to the difficulties in emulating continuous memory states in a synaptic component. In this study, polymer conductivity is analyzed as a crucial factor in determining the growth dynamics of metallic filaments in organic memristors. Moreover, flexible memristors with bio‐mimetic synaptic functions such as linearly tunable weights are demonstrated by engineering the polymer conductivity. In the organic memristor, the cluster‐structured filaments are grown within the polymer medium in response to electric stimuli, resulting in gradual resistive switching and stable synaptic plasticity. Additionally, the device exhibits the continuous and numerous non‐volatile memory states due to its low leakage current. Furthermore, complex hardware neural networks including ternary logic operators and a noisy image recognitions system are successfully implemented utilizing the developed memristor arrays. This promising concept of creating flexible neural networks with bio‐mimetic weight distributions will contribute to the development of a new computing architecture for energy‐efficient wearable smart electronics.
Revitalizing Chlorine–Based Batteries for Low–Cost and High–Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Yuan Bin , Xu Qiuchen , Zhao Xiaoju , Geng Shitao , Tang Shanshan , Zhang Chengxiao , Sun Hao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRechargeable batteries with higher energy densities and sustainability have been intensively pursued in the past decades, driven by the wide applications such as electric vehicle industry and grid energy storage. As an ancient battery system born ≈140 years ago, chlorine (Cl)–based batteries have been actively revisited in recent years, because of their impressive electrochemical performance with the low–cost and sustainable features, making them highly attractive candidates for energy storage applications. In this Perspective, the historical development of Cl–based batteries is reviewed at first, focusing on the progresses in new battery chemistries enabled by various Cl–based electrolytes. An emphasis is then placed on the unique cathode and anode chemistries enabled by rational regulation of Cl–based electrolytes. At last, the challenges and prospects, particularly the obstacles for real–world applications of state–of–the–art Cl–based batteries are introduced.
Not the priciest, but the best quality: A new interpretation of high import food price in China
Authors: Sun Lin , Fang Qiaoyun , Ni Zhaofang , Reed Michael R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAgainst the background of rapid increases in food imports, high food import prices have become an important issue for China. This paper first establishes the theoretical relationship between per capita income and import price, then uses a panel data fixed effect model and an instrumental variable estimation based on highly disaggregated firm‐level import data from the General Administration of Customs to analyze food import prices. This paper studies the impact of China's per capita income on the food import price and the key role of imported food quality in price formation for imported food in China. The study finds that the increase in per capita income has a significant, positive influence on the price of imported food in China, but this positive impact on the price is due to quality upgrading. The results suggest that while the increase of per capita income in China has generally pushed up import food prices, it has been mainly due to imports of higher‐quality food. There is no evidence that Chinese consumers are being fleeced by foreign exporting country or are seeking expensive products to flaunt their wealth. Chinese consumers are upgrading their diet with higher‐quality food imports. [EconLit Citations: F13, F14, Q17, Q18].
Accelerating S↔Li2S Reactions in Li–S Batteries through Activation of S/Li2S with a Bifunctional Semiquinone Catalyst
Authors: Zhu Xuebing , Bian Tengfei , Song Xiaosheng , Zheng Mengting , Shen Zhengyuan , Liu Zewen , Guo Zhijie , He Jinling , Zeng Zaiping , Bai Feng , Wen Liping , Zhang Shanqing , Lu Jun , Zhao Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe reaction rate bottleneck during interconversion between insulating S8 (S) and Li2S fundamentally leads to incomplete conversion and restricted lifespan of Li−S battery, especially under high S loading and lean electrolyte conditions. Herein, we demonstrate a new catalytic chemistry: soluble semiquinone, 2‐tertbutyl‐semianthraquinone lithium (Li+TBAQ⋅−), as both e‐/Li+ donor and acceptor for simultaneous S reduction and Li2S oxidation. The efficient activation of S and Li2S by Li+TBAQ⋅− in the initial discharging/charging state maximizes the amount of soluble lithium polysulfide, thereby substantially improve the rate of solid–liquid‐solid reaction by promoting long‐range electron transfer. With in situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculations, we reveal that the activation of S/Li2S is the rate‐limiting step for effective S utilization under high S loading and low E/S ratio. Beyond that, the S activation ratio is firstly proposed as an accurate indicator to quantitatively evaluate the reaction rate. As a result, the Li−S batteries with Li+TBAQ⋅− deliver superior cycling performance and over 5 times higher S utilization ratio at high S loading of 7.0 mg cm−2 and a current rate of 1 C compared to those without Li+TBAQ⋅−. We hope this study contributes to the fundamental understanding of S redox chemical and inspires the design of efficient catalysis for advanced Li−S batteries.
Ein N‐Heterozyklisches Chinodimethan: Eine starke organische Lewis‐Base mit Diradikal‐Charakter
Authors: Ariai Jama , Ziegler Maya , Würtele Christian , Gellrich Urs 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWir berichten über die Darstellung eines neuen organischen σ‐Donors mit einem C6H4‐Linker zwischen einem N‐heterozyklischen Carben (NHC) und einer exozyklischen Methylidengruppe, den wir als N‐heterozyklisches Chinodimethan (NHQ) bezeichnen. Die Aromatisierung des C6H4‐Linkers liefert eine entscheidende Triebkraft für die Reaktion des NHQs mit einem Elektrophil und macht das NHQ deutlich basischer als analoge NHCs oder N‐heterozyklische Olefine (NHOs), wie DFT‐Berechnungen und Konkurrenzexperimente zeigen. In Lösung findet beim NHQ eine unerwartete Kopf‐Kopf‐Dimerisierung unter formaler Wasserstofffreisetzung durch C−C‐Kopplung der Methylidengruppen statt. DFT‐Berechnungen zeigen, dass diese Reaktion über einen offenschaligen Singulettpfad verläuft, was auf einen diradikalischen Charakter des NHQs hinweist. Das Produkt dieser Dimerisierung kann als konjugiertes N‐heterozyklisches Bis‐Chinodimethan beschrieben werden, das laut zyklischer Voltammetrie ein starkes organisches Reduktionsmittel ist (E1/2=−1.71 V vs. Fc/Fc+) und eine bemerkenswert kleine Singulett–Triplett‐Lücke von ΔES→T=4.4 kcal mol−1 aufweist.
Precise Preparation of Triarylboron‐Based Graphdiyne Analogues for Gas Separation
Authors: Zhao Fenggui , Liao Guanming , Liu Meiyan , Wang Tao , Zhao Yingjie , Xu Jialiang , Yin Xiaodong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA series of triarylboron‐based graphdiyne analogues (TAB‐GDYs) with tunable pore size were prepared through copper mediated coupling reaction. The elemental composition, chemical bond, morphology of TAB‐GDYs were well characterized. The crystallinity was confirmed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and stacking modes were studied in combination with high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and structure simulation. The absorption and desorption isotherm revealed relatively high specific surface area of these TAB‐GDYs up to 788 m2 g−1 for TMTAB‐GDY, which decreased as pore size enlarged. TAB‐GDYs exhibit certain selectivity for CO2/N2 (21.9), CO2/CH4 (5.3), CO2/H2 (41.8) and C2H2/CO2 (2.3). This work has developed a series of boron containing two‐dimensional frameworks with clear structures and good stability, and their tunable pore sizes have laid the foundation for future applications in the gas separation field.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to HCOOH and CO by a Phosphine‐Bipyridine‐Phosphine Ir(III) Catalyst: Photophysics, Nonadiabatic Effects, Mechanism, and Selectivity
Authors: Peng Ling‐Ya , Pan Guang‐Ning , Chen Wen‐Kai , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Fang Wei‐Hai , Cui Ganglong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction is one of the best solutions to solve the global energy crisis and to realize carbon neutralization. The tetradentate phosphine‐bipyridine (bpy)‐phosphine (PNNP)‐type Ir(III) photocatalyst, Mes‐IrPCY2, was reported with a high HCOOH selectivity but the photocatalytic mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we employ electronic structure methods in combination with radiative, nonradiative, and electron transfer rate calculations, to explore the entire photocatalytic cycle to either HCOOH or CO, based on which a new mechanistic scenario is proposed. The catalytic reduction reaction starts from the generation of the precursor metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state. Subsequently, the divergence happens from the 3MLCT state, the single electron transfer (SET) and deprotonation process lead to the formation of one‐electron‐reduced species and Ir(I) species, which initiate the reduction reaction to HCOOH and CO, respectively. Interestingly, the efficient occurrence of proton or electron transfer reduces barriers of critical steps. In addition, nonadiabatic transitions play a nonnegligible role in the cycle. We suggest a lower free‐energy barrier in the reaction‐limiting step and the very efficient SET in 3MLCT are cooperatively responsible for a high HCOOH selectivity. The gained mechanistic insights could help chemists to understand, regulate, and design photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction of similar function‐integrated molecular photocatalyst.
Synthesis and characterization of novel main‐chain benzoxazines containing cycloaliphatic and aliphatic structures and their thermal and dielectric properties
Authors: Xia Yiqing , Yan Shuai , Shi Rui , Liu Linze , Zhu Junlong , Zeng Yuntao , Gao Chen , Emori Wilfred , Sheng Yuping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuits and aerospace, the demand for materials with excellent overall performances is on the rise. In this study, we have successfully synthesized novel main‐chain benzoxazine precursors ((BPA‐AD/dd1)main) containing both cycloaliphatic and aliphatic structures by employing adamantanediamine and Priamine 1074 for the first time, and their chemical structures and polymerization behaviors were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), NMR spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the exothermic onset of the (BPA‐AD/dd1)main shifted to lower temperatures with an increasing molar ratio of Priamine 1074. Furthermore, the thermal properties, dielectric properties, surface hydrophobicity, and tensile properties of P(BPA‐AD/dd1)main films were explored via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measuring instrument, an impedance analyzer and universal testing machine. The molar ratio of Priamine 1074 and 1,3‐Bis(4‐anilino)‐adamantane (AD) significantly influenced the thermal properties, dielectric properties, and surface hydrophobicity of P(BPA‐AD/dd1)main. P(BPA‐AD 0.75)main exhibited a high Tg of 296.8°C, excellent dielectric properties (Dk = 2.58 and Df = 0.0055 @ 10 MHz), and large water contact angle as high as 105.8°, qualifying it as a potential candidate for interlayer materials in ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuits and resin matrix in high‐performance composites.
Shungite/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid hydrogels: An efficient adsorption material for rare earth metals in aqueous media
Authors: Kyshkarova Viktoriia , Behunova Dominika Marcin , Melnyk Inna , Demirel Topel Seda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRare earth elements play a pivotal role in modern technologies, thereby driving an escalating demand for their procurement. To effectively extract these elements from aqueous solutions, it is imperative to explore innovative sorbent materials. In this context, a hydrogel sorbent material was developed by employing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and shungite—an economical, naturally occurring, easily processable, and sustainable material. This was achieved through the freezing–thawing method, employing sodium borate as a crosslinking agent. The physicochemical characteristics of the hydrogels were determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Zetasizer analysis, and elemental analysis. The shungite‐incorporated PVA hydrogels displayed notable characteristics, including a substantial swelling capacity of 61% and a specific surface area of 32.8 m2/g. Most significantly, these hydrogels exhibited a remarkable affinity for La3+ ions, with an uptake ratio of 134 mg/g. This was followed by Nd3+, Dy3+, and Er3+ ions, which displayed uptake ratios of 79, 74, and 73 mg/g, respectively.
Combating DC‐SIGN‐mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 dissemination by glycan‐mimicking polymers
Authors: Cramer Jonathan , Jiang Xiaohua , Aliu Butrint , Ernst Beat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany viruses exploit the human C‐type lectin receptor dendritic cell‐specific ICAM‐3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC‐SIGN) for cell entry and virus dissemination. An inhibition of DC‐SIGN‐mediated virus attachment by glycan‐derived ligands has, thus, emerged as a promising strategy toward broad‐spectrum antiviral therapeutics. In this contribution, several cognate fragments of oligomannose‐ and complex‐type glycans grafted onto a poly‐l‐lysine scaffold are evaluated as polyvalent DC‐SIGN ligands. The range of selected carbohydrate epitopes encompasses linear (α‐
d‐Man‐(1→2)‐α‐
d‐Man, α‐
d‐Man‐(1→2)‐α‐
d‐Man‐(1→2)‐α‐
d‐Man‐(1→3)‐α‐
d‐Man) and branched (α‐
d‐Man‐(1→6)‐[α‐
d‐Man‐(1→3)]‐α‐
d‐Man) oligomannosides, as well as α‐
l‐Fuc. The thermodynamics of binding are investigated on a mono‐ and multivalent level to shed light on the molecular details of the interactions with the tetravalent receptor. Cellular models of virus attachment and DC‐SIGN‐mediated virus dissemination reveal a high potency of the presented glycopolymers in the low pico‐ and nanomolar ranges, respectively. The high activity of oligomannose epitopes in combination with the biocompatible properties of the poly‐
l‐lysine scaffold highlights the potential for further preclinical development of polyvalent DC‐SIGN ligands.