bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden Treasures
Authors: Mann Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Five types of resources contain an incredible wealth of information in all subject areas, but are so neglected by most conventional databases and indexes that they are virtually unknown to most researchers. Discovering any one of them, however, can provide you with the reader’s equivalent of tapping into Alaska’s north-shore oil reserves. The five are: Microform sets (some of which have Web or CD-ROM counterparts) Web collections of documents (both subscription and free sites) Government documents Archives, manuscripts, and public records Special collections CD-ROMs sets of documents are analogous to microform collections but are fading into obsolescence, being largely superseded by subscription Web sites. The advantage of either CD or Web collections, of course, is that they allow keyword searching of the full texts of their component documents. Migration to the Web is not happening with the majority of microform sets, however; and libraries that opt for online versions, where available, have to accept the trade-off that increased keyword access is probably being achieved at the expense of losing long-term preservation capability.
The Squire and the Widow: 1750-1795
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The deaths of Thomas and Henry Lee, masters of Stratford and Lee Hall, opened a new era in the family’s story. Thanks to another generation, the Lees’ world would soon extend beyond Potomac plantation society and Williamsburg politics, reaching to faraway places like Philadelphia, Edinburgh, London, Paris, and even Berlin. Four youngsters were born to Henry and Mary Bland Lee at Lee Hall. The first, John Lee, arrived in 1724, making him senior among the fourth generation of Lees along the Potomac. Next was Richard Lee, born in 1726. In 1729, Henry and Mary named a third infant Henry, whose greatest fame would be as grandfather of Robert E. Lee. In 1730, while she was yet only twenty-six, Mary Bland Lee produced her last child, a daughter Laetitia, named after her grandmother Lee.
Refuge in Alexandria: 1794-1858
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While Harry and Richard Lee were heaping calamity upon themselves and others in the Lee family, their wives sought to keep their marriages intact. In doing so, Elizabeth Collins Lee and Ann Carter Lee made the town of Alexandria a refuge. By the 1790s, Alexandria was an attractive and bustling river port. While the town was placed for a time within the newly created District of Columbia, it remained Virginian in spirit. Alexandria was a plausible rallying place for the Lees. Beginning with the first Richard, the clan had patented much property along that section of the Potomac. By the late eighteenth century, Lees were taking up residence on family plots in the town, producing many relatives to greet Elizabeth Collins when she arrived in July 1794, the bride of Congressman Richard Bland Lee. The city-bred Elizabeth was delighted when she and Richard spent winters in Alexandria. It was difficult for them to resist the hospitality of kinsmen whose large houses seemed always to have room for more Lees.
Longing for Arlington: 1829-1846
Authors: Nagel Paul C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although his birthplace was Stratford, Robert E. Lee was from the Leesylvania side of the family. Yet neither of these ancestral locations meant to him what Arlington would. This was not surprising since Robert kept only a vague and often confused understanding of his family background. He called himself the “reverse” of a genealogist. Once, Robert asked cousin Cassius Lee to locate the Lee coat of arms for him. He inquired because he remembered seeing a family tree at Uncle Edmund Jennings Lee’s house in Alexandria. As a result, Cassius Lee soon found himself explaining to Robert such elementary family facts as who Colonel Phil was, as well as assuring him that since the Stratford Lees could claim a family crest, it belonged as well to the Leesylvania branch. But these were trivial interests for Robert. His consuming concern was always the physical and moral well-being of his wife, children, and other relatives. The unhappy careers of his father Light-Horse Harry and his half-brother Henry must have strengthened Robert’s determination that duty, self-denial, and discipline should characterize his life and those of his dear ones. He preached these attributes with an intensity unmatched by other Lees.
Escape and Revolt in Black and White
Authors: Mcpherson James M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Among The Bitter Conflicts that divided North and South and led to war in 1861 were those associated with escaping slaves and Southern at- tempts to recapture them, which produced the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850. Resistance to capture by fugitives, sometimes aided by Northerners, fanned the flames of Southern anger. In their ordinances of secession, several Southern states cited Northern help to fugitives as one of the grievances that provoked them to leave the Union. The Fugitive Slave Law inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The episode of Eliza escaping with her son across the Ohio River on ice floes to prevent his capture by slavecatchers is one of the most unforgettable images in American letters. And a real-life escaped slave became one of the most famous heroines in American history. Surveys of freshmen at the State University of New York in Buffalo who registered for the introductory U.S. history course in the 1970s and 1980s revealed that more of them knew of Harriet Tubman than of any other woman who lived before 1900 except Betsy Ross. Tubman also ranked higher on this recognition scale than Thomas Edison, Benjamin Franklin, Patrick Henry, and a host of other prominent persons.
“We Stand by Each Other Always”: Grant and Sherman
Authors: Mcpherson James M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many People With A Casual Interest in American history think they know four things about Ulysses S. Grant: He was a drunk; he failed at everything he tried before the Civil War; he managed to overcome Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia only by blunt, hammering tactics at enormous human cost; and his two presidential terms were riddled with corruption and cronyism. Though he was hailed in his own time as savior of the re- public, Grant’s reputation in the next half century sank more precipitously than that of any other major figure in our history. Countless historians have quoted Henry Adams’s quip that “the progress of evolution from President Washington to President Grant was alone evidence enough to upset Darwin.” As Brooks D. Simpson noted with wry understatement in his biography of the general: “Grant has not fared well as a biographical subject.” There have been exceptions.
The Hard Hand of War
Authors: Mcpherson James M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 1994, One Hundred And Thirty Years after General William T. Sherman’s army set forth on its march from Atlanta to the sea, Sherman’s legacy remained vivid and bitter in the South. A proposed monument to Sherman’s soldiers at Bentonville, North Carolina, where one of the last battles of the Civil War took place, ran into a firestorm of local opposition. Sherman was “more evil than Ivan the Terrible or Genghis Khan,” declared the secretary of cultural resources for North Carolina. His soldiers deserved no monument, agreed the state commander of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. “Monuments should be erected to heroes. These were no heroes. They were thieves, murderers, rapists,arsonists, trespassers.”
“As Commander-in-Chief I Have a Right to Take Any Measure Which May Best Subdue the Enemy”
Authors: Mcpherson James M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On The Fourth Of July 1864, Senator Zachariah Chandler of Michigan hovered anxiously near Abraham Lincoln as the president signed last- minute bills passed by the just-adjourned session of Congress. When Lincoln put aside the Wade-Davis bill that stipulated stringent terms for reconstruction of Confederate states—including the abolition of slavery therein—Chandler urged the president to sign it. The most important provision in the bill, said the senator, “is the one prohibiting slavery in the reconstructed states.” Lincoln replied, “That is the point on which I doubt the authority of Congress to act.” Chandler was indignant. Alluding to the Emancipation Proclamation, he said: “It is no more than you have done yourself.” Quite true, responded Lincoln, but “I conceive that I may in an emergency do things on military grounds which cannot be done constitutionally by Congress.”
Revelationism and Contemporary Film Theory
Authors: Turvey Malcolm 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Not long after the publication of Kracauer’s Theory of Film in 1960, a new type of flim theory emerged that was dominated by two theoretical paradigms: semiotics and psychoanalysis. Due to the influence of the New Left as well as various political and social upheavals during the 1960s, the new semioticpsychoanalytical flim theory was preoccupied with a question about the cinema that, while asked to some extent by earlier flim theorists, was less important to them than questions about the cinema’s nature and artistic value: how does the cinema propagate ideology? Before the 1960s, flim theorists for the most part viewed the cinema as morally and politically benign, at least when it was being used to create art.
Qafzeh Cave in a Broader Perspective
Authors: Hovers Erella 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The previous chapters have described how Middle Paleolithic hominins who occupied Qafzeh Cave produced and modified stone tools. The fluctuations in tactics of technological organization were then examined against the distribution of various resources that the occupants seem to have used. This set of analyses revealed variability within what at Erst glance appeared to be quite uniform technological behaviors. The diversity discerned among the Qafzeh assemblages does not stem from shifts in the application of particular chaînes opératoires (although there are some specific examples of this type of variability). Rather, it is expressed mainly in organizational tactics that occasionally shifted against the background of a stable lithic reduction strategy. The complexity of observed behaviors was explained as depicting the dominant role of technological tradition in shaping the lithic assemblages. It was further asserted that the lithic tradition might have emerged initially as a functional response to specific needs, complementing particular mobility and seasonality patterns, but then evolved into a traditional behavior that survived through time without necessarily being dependent on the conditions that enhanced its initial occurrence. Finally, it was argued that independent lines of evidence are consistent with the development of other technological and social traditions, and thus support the suggested interpretation of the lithic Ends.
Population Dynamics during the Middle Paleolithic Period in the Levant
Authors: Hovers Erella 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The issue of Moderns and Neanderthals in the Levant is not the focus of the current work. Yet it is this issue that has long captivated the attention, not to say the imagination, of paleoanthropologists (chapter 1). As the “home” of one of the most important diagnostic groups of skeletal remains, Qafzeh Cave has been at the heart of some of the prolonged and sometimes heated debates on Neanderthal–Modern interactions. It is therefore worthwhile to examine the implications of the lithic assemblages of Qafzeh (chapters 4–7) and their meaning in a broader Levantine context (chapter 8) with regard to the issue of interactions—or lack thereof—between Moderns and Neanderthals in the Levant. In the following discussion, I attempt to re-address, on the basis of current information and recent theoretical advances on the part of both ecologists and archaeologists, some of the premises and assumptions underlying inVuential models of such relationships.
Winning Re-election
Authors: GILLON STEVEN M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
By the Winter of 1996, the relationship between Gingrich and Clinton had hit bottom. In addition to the bad feeling created by the budget battles, both had grown weary of the constant stream of investigation and invective hurled at each other. As Clinton had feared, Republicans used their oversight function to investigate every aspect of his presidency. The strategy was developed by the Speaker’s closest advisor, Joe Gaylord, who suggested that Republicans engage in an orchestrated effort to “indict the Clinton administration.” Specifically, he recommended that the Republicans use their “oversight function” to keep the administration on the defensive. “Change the battlefield to one where Democrats are on the defensive by attacking personal ethics, attacking individual legislative records, forcing Dems to defend Clinton administration.” Part of the plan was to put pressure on the White House to get House Democrats to back off their investigations of Gingrich. “Get the Clinton administration under special prosecutor problems and have the Clinton administration get the House Dems to back down.”
14
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One Saturday last September is a day I will never forget. I was getting ready to go to work with my dad in our family business, when suddenly I blacked out and collapsed. I barely remember trying to regain consciousness and struggling to pull myself up. A while later, my dad found me lying in the middle of the floor and thought I had fallen asleep there. He walked me back to bed and later had me get ready to leave. I was very tired and slept most of the day.
16
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I mostly still have my seizures once a month. This is despite the fact that I’ve had my ovaries and uterus removed—and I don’t have any more actual periods. Even so, when the date comes up that I would have usually expected my period, I still have seizures! It’s very hard trying to get a job when you have seizures. If you have one on the job, they send you home. I was out of work for 4 weeks and was put on another medicine and felt better. I was told to go back to work, but that they would only accept me 3 days a week.
23
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I have had epilepsy all my life, so I know what it is like to have seizures. In the beginning, it was hard for me because no one understood what epilepsy was, including me. As I grew up and tried unsuccessfully to go to work, the seizures got worse. People still did not seem to understand. Even the doctors. I got married and became pregnant. The doctors did not give me any special instructions or guidance, even though they knew I had seizures. My daughter was born with a heart defect and now has attention-deficit disorder.
31
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Growing up, I had a hard time in school with the other students and trouble making friends because they were afraid of getting near me. They thought they could ‘‘catch’’ epilepsy. Now that I have children, I find that explaining all about my seizures to them and repeatedly saying that I’ll be fine if I have a seizure makes it easier for them to accept my epilepsy.
32
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Here are the burning questions about my epilepsy that I have struggled with throughout my life: It is very hard to me to face the reality that I am 19 years old and yet do not have the right to drive. Whenever I watch my 16-year-old brother drive, I think to myself, ‘‘It’s just not fair!’’ I think that’s the hardest thing for me to deal with.
Having seizures scares me, but dealing with my lack of driving makes me depressed. When I look at all the people on the road driving their own cars, like my friends, I feel different.
44
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When I first sat down to write this, I believed I had nothing to contribute. I have always tried to live my life as though epilepsy wasn’t part of the equation. But I found myself saying ‘‘except for’’ a lot. I see epilepsy from two perspectives. My cousin, Mary Anne, had a very severe case, worse than me. I hate to admit that before my own epilepsy surfaced, I would see my cousin go into seizures and I looked upon her with pity and some indifference, believing that somehow she had caused this to happen, and after all, God punished the evil. Although I believed she had been punished enough, she died of an attack at the age of 33, after falling into a bathtub full of water.
45
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I started having seizures when I was 24 years old. I had just returned home from work and the phone rang. It was my friend, Denise. She asked me how I was feeling. I said, ‘‘Fine. Why?’’ Then she dropped a bomb on me. She asked, ‘‘Are you on drugs?’’ I said, ‘‘No! What are you talking about?’’ She explained, ‘‘You were acting very strange today at work when I was talking to you. You didn’t hear a word I said—you just kept staring for about 7 minutes.’’ I started to cry and called my parents to tell them what happened. They took me to the hospital, where I had all kinds of tests.
47
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fortunately, having epilepsy has not affected my family relationships. My family has always been supportive and sensitive to my medical, emotional, and physical needs. Accepting that I have wait until the last minute to write that 20-page paper. Some people can pull an all-nighter; my body shuts down whether I want it to or not. Sometimes, I take on too many things with school, work, and social life, and I burn the candle at both ends. If I do not get 8 hours of sleep a day, my body does not function at its optimum level.
50
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I have never really just sat down to contemplate being a woman with epilepsy. I was not diagnosed until I was in my 40s. Until that time, I just thought I occasionally fainted, though I did also feel something was ‘‘wrong’’ with me. I was fortunate. My cousin who, coincidentally, is a nurse who specializes in epilepsy, assisted me. She took over and got me to the best doctors and helped me to obtain the best medical care. I cannot imagine what would have happened without her presence. I could say that epilepsy does not affect me. That would be wrong, though. Epilepsy does affect me. I have to be cautious driving, and I have to be sure I get enough sleep and eat properly—all things that are beneficial, anyway.
62
Authors: Schachter Steven C , Krishnamurthy Kaarkuzhali Babu , Cantrell Deborah T Combs 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
I’ve had seizures since birth. From what I understand, the first seizure I had was a grand mal seizure. Nearly all the seizures I had after that were petit mal. I’m not really sure how many seizures I had each month up until the eighth grade because I didn’t personally keep track of them. When I was a freshman in high school, I tried to keep track of my seizures. During my 4 years of high school, I usually had four to five seizures a month, though there were a few months I had eight to ten seizures. On some of the days that I had seizures, I was able to stay at school and do what I had planned to do because I felt OK.
Epilepsy in Our View
Authors: Schachter Steven C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy in our View is a collection of personal stories from friends, family members, and co-workers of people with epilepsy, in which they describe their observations and feelings about witnessing seizures and about the person with epilepsy. It helps to shed light on the social consequences of epilepsy while increasing understanding of what's happening when a person has a seizure. ABOUT THE SERIES: With the Brainstorms series, one of the world's leading authorities on epilepsy, Dr Steven C. Schachter, has gathered together the personal testimonies of patients, family members, and caregivers to create a poignant and gripping series of books on this misunderstood and often devastating disorder.
Management of Diabetic Retinopathy: Evidence-based Systematic Review
Authors: mohamed, Quresh , Wong tien y. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are 200 million persons with diabetes mellitus worldwide [1], with 20 million in the United States alone [2]. The most speciEc microvascular complication of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of visual impairment in working-age persons. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy increases with disease duration [3], so that after 20 years, nearly all persons with type 1 diabetes and 60% of those with type 2 have some retinopathy. The major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy include hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia [3,4], and have been summarized in Chapter 5.
C
Authors: Campbell Robert Jean 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
CA 1. Abbreviation for chronological age.
2. Catecholamine (q.v.). See epinephrine.
CAA Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; a Mendelian variant of small vessel disease, characterized by the deposition of amyloid in the walls of leptomeningeal and cerebral cortical blood vessels. Clinical manifestations include recurrent or multiple lobar hemorrhages, cognitive deterioration, and ischemic strokes. Rupture of structurally weakened arteries results in cerebral hemorrhage. Several autosomal dominantly inherited forms are due to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein. The ε4 allele of APOE is associated with enhanced beta-amyloid deposition in the cerebral vasculature and earlier disease onset. Patients with CAA-related hemorrhage show an excess of the ε2 allele, which may predispose to rupture of amyloid-laden vessels. See VaD.
CAC Chemical aversive conditioning; the use of sensitizing agents such as disulfiram in the treatment of alcoholism. See aversion therapy. cacergasia Obs. Inadequate functioning of body or mind.
cachectin See cachexia.
cachexia A chronic catabolic state, associated with certain infections and malignancies, characterized by weight loss that continues despite consumption of an adequate diet. A factor or factors—termed cachectin—produced by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages, inhibits the activity of lipogenic (fat-producing) enzymes, and triglycerides are mobilized from adipose tissue with resultant weight loss. See anorexia nervosa; hypophysial cachexia.