bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between lycaenid butterflies and ants in Australia
Authors: Eastwood Rod , Fraser Ann M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA comprehensive and critical review of all available literature on associations between Australian lycaenid butterflies and ants was undertaken to establish an accurate database of the partners involved. Collections and observations of lycaenids and ants were used to augment this review, resulting in a significant number of newly documented association (and non‐association) records. Twenty published records considered to be erroneous or doubtful are noted, with justifications given for their deletion from the association database. In total, 265 different associations between lycaenids and ants, plus 65 non‐attendance records are documented for Australia. Nearly 80% of the lycaenid species in Australia, for which the early stages are known, are recorded associating with ants and half of these are obligately ant‐associated. Patterns of association are examined from the perspective of both lycaenids and ants, with a focus on ant systematics and ecology. Lycaenids are recorded with five ant subfamilies, including the first record of an association with the Pseudomyrmecinae. The Dolichoderinae, and to some extent the Formicinae, have a disproportionately high percentage of genera that associate with lycaenid butterflies. All ant species that tend lycaenids spend at least some portion of their time foraging on vegetation to collect plant and insect nectar. There is a robust relationship between the competitive status of ants within a community, and their frequency and degree of association with lycaenids. Obligate ant‐association is accompanied by a high degree of specificity for ant partner, but two notable exceptions,Ogyris aenoneandO. amaryllisare discussed. Facultative myrmecophiles tend to associate with a broad range of ants, although interactions with ecologically dominant ants are less frequent than might be expected based on the abundance of dominant ant species in Australian communities.
Rainfall sequences leading to population increases of Austracris guttulosa (Walker) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in arid north‐eastern Australia
Authors: Hunter David M , Elder Rod J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn northern Australia, the spur‐throated locust, Austracris guttulosa, has one generation per year with locusts surviving the dry season as immature adults. Adults lay after rain early in the wet season, mainly between October/November and January. On cracking clay soils, a fall of > 40 mm is required to allow oviposition, but to ensure survival of the resulting offspring, there must be follow‐up rain of > 40 mm at the oviposition site within 6 weeks. Populations increase during years when more than 50% of the arid zone and Gulf receive both initial and two or more follow‐up rains at intervals of ≤ 6 weeks. During the 1970s and 1990s, there were two periods of 3–5 years of such increase, and a large number of swarms resulted.
Abdominal armature and the systematics of Xaniothrips species (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), kleptoparasites of domicile‐producing thrips on Australian Acacia trees
Authors: Mound Laurence A , Morris David C 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSpecies of the genus Xaniothrips Mound live as kleptoparasites within domiciles produced by other thrips on the phyllodes of various Acacia trees in the Eremaean zone of Australia. Females of each of these thrips species have an array of very stout spines on the abdomen, and in two of them the anal area is asymmetric and directed dorsally, bearing two pairs of stout setae. The lateral abdominal armature has arisen by multiplication of the plesiotypic setal pattern of the sternites. Observations suggest that members of this genus use their armature to expel a resident thrips from its domicile of tied or glued phyllodes, and then to defend this living space from other intruders. Seven species are now recognised in the genus, of which the following five are described as new species: X. eremus, X. foederatus, X. mulga, X. rhodopus and X. zophus. Three of these are associated with Acacia aneura, whereas the two previously known species, X. leukandrus Mound and X. xantes Mound, are associated with A. harpophylla. However, some evidence suggests that X. xantes may exist as two or more host‐specific forms on other Acacia species. Four of the Xaniothrips are associated with phyllode glues produced by Dunatothrips spp., whereas X. foederatus, X. leukandrus and X. xantes are associated with phyllode glues produced by Lichanothrips spp.
Advenathrips inquilinus: A new genus and species of social parasites (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
Authors: Morris David C , Mound Laurence A , Schwarz Michael P 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAdvenathrips inquilinusgen. et sp. n. produces colonies within pre‐existing colonies of an undescribed species ofDunatothripsMoulton onAcacia aneura, the widespread mulga trees of central Australia. TheDunatothripsadults construct domiciles by sewing together terminal phyllodes of theirAcaciahost, and within these domiciles they raise their brood in subsocial colonies.Advenathrips inquilinusenters establishedDunatothripscolonies, then lays eggs and raises its brood among those of its host, apparently without disrupting or displacing the host colony. This social parasitic, inquiline behaviour differs from that of previously described kleptoparasitic thrips species that are common in the domiciles of various thrips species onAcaciatrees in Australia.
Techniques used to determine the mating behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in relation to host plants
Authors: Kvedaras* Olivia L , Gregg Peter C , Socorro Alice P Del 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper describes techniques to determine the mating success of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and gives an example of the efficacy of the techniques in the field. Various wing‐clipping methods to immobilise female moths in mating tables were compared. The removal of the right fore‐ and hindwing was most effective. Wing‐clipped females were less likely to be mated than normal‐winged females. However, enough mating occurred for the wing‐clipped females to be used in field experiments. There was no consistent effect of age of females (2–5 days) or density (1, 2 or 3 per mating table) on mating success. Mating tables were used to determine the mating success of H. armigera in various crops in the Darling Downs, Queensland. A preliminary field experiment was conducted to investigate the mating success of H. armigera on cotton, non‐flowering and flowering sunflower and fallow land. Laboratory‐reared wing‐clipped virgin females aged 2–5 days were placed singly or in groups in mating tables in the crops 1 h prior to sunset. Dissection the following morning determined whether they had been mated. Moth abundance was assessed using light and pheromone traps. The preliminary field experiment showed that host plants did not significantly influence the chance of a female moth being mated, despite substantial variation in moth abundance between the crops.
Confirmation that Myzus antirrhinii (Macchiati) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) occurs in Australia, using morphometrics, microsatellite typing and analysis of novel karyotypes by fluorescence in situ hybridisation
Authors: Hales Dinah , Wilson Alex CC , Spence Jennifer M , Blackman Roger L 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAphids ascribable to Myzus antirrhinii (Macchiati) are shown to be widely distributed in Australia. This species is a member of the Myzus persicae group and confusion with the green peach aphid, M. persicae (Sulzer), is likely. We describe here investigations of some Australian clones of M. antirrhinii and extend the definition of the species to include observations on Australian specimens. We conclude that there is a cluster of Australian clones conforming morphometrically to M. antirrhinii when all characters are used. These clones include 11‐ and 12‐chromosome karyotypes that are not found in European or North American populations of M. antirrhinii. The novel chromosome rearrangements were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridisation and were shown to be derivable from the typical 13‐chromosome karyotype of this species. Microsatellite analysis corroborates the distinction of M. antirrhinii from M. persicae. A microsatellite test for separating antirrhinii from persicae is suggested.
Immature stages of Australian Austrothaumalea Tonnoir and Niphta Theischinger (Diptera: Thaumaleidae)
Authors: Sinclair* Bradley J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe immature stages of Austrothaumalea denticulata Theischinger and Niphta collessi Theischinger are described. This is the first description of the immature stages of an Australian species of the former genus and the first description of the immature stages of Niphta Theischinger. Characters of the immature stages are compared among thaumaleid genera. The first case of parasitism upon immature stages of Thaumaleidae by Entomacis sp. (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Diapriidae), is reported.
Effects of fruit abundance within a tree canopy on the behaviour of wild and cultured Queensland fruit flies, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Dalby‐Ball Geraldene , Meats* Alan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIndividual flies of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) were observed on potted orange trees bearing zero, one or six fruit. Results showed that behaviour depended not only on fruit abundance, but also on the sex of the fly and whether the fly was cultured or wild. Female wild flies responded to higher fruit abundance by visiting more leaves and hence tended to scan trees more thoroughly. In addition, spending more time per leaf resulted in a significant trend to spend more time per tree with increasing abundance of fruit. Taken together, these responses would be expected to lead, in natural circumstances, to an increased probability of finding fruit and a tendency to accumulate in fruiting rather than non‐fruiting trees. Male wild flies tended to spend longer in trees with fruit, but this was primarily due to them spending more time per leaf rather than visiting more leaves. This response in the natural environment would be expected to lead to the accumulation of males in the same kind of places that accumulated females. Neither sex of cultured flies responded differentially to trees with differing amounts of fruit. They visited leaves at a rate similar to that of wild flies of either sex that were in trees with no fruit. However, they tended to spend much longer per leaf, thus spending more time per tree than wild flies in any of the treatments. If released sterile flies (used in sterile insect technique) behaved in a similar manner, then they would not tend to accumulate preferentially in fruiting trees as wild flies are expected to do. The pertinence of these findings to fruit stripping and spot spraying is also discussed.
Emergence trapping of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in brackish forest habitats in Maroochy Shire, south‐east Queensland, Australia, and a management option for Verrallina funerea (Theobald) and Aedes procax (Skuse)
Authors: Ryan Peter A , Kay Brian H 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study details the use of emergence traps with sticky adhesive to capture adult mosquitoes emerging from brackish water pools located in almost impenetrable swamp oak and tea‐tree forests in Maroochy Shire, south‐eastern Queensland. Twenty emergence traps were set weekly for 12 weeks between March and June 1998, during which time a total of 825 adult mosquitoes were collected. Aedes procax (Skuse) (55%) was the most abundant species, followed by Verrallina funerea (Theobald) (16%) and Culex halifaxii Theobald (9%). Emergence of Ve. funerea was greatest after tidal inundation of pools with brackish water, whereas Ae. procax emerged in greatest numbers following heavy rainfall. As there are significant areas of swamp oak and tea‐tree forest in Maroochy Shire and an increasing pressure for urbanisation in adjacent areas, the aerial application of persistent
S‐methoprene formulations is considered the most appropriate option for control.
Biological effects of azadirachtin on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on cotton and artificial diet
Authors: Ma De‐Ling , Gordh Gordon , Zalucki Myron P 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeonates and second instars of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were fed for 4 days on potted cotton plants (Gossypium hirstum L.) sprayed with formulated neem (Azadiracta indica A. Juss.) extract (3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate). High mortality of larvae was observed on both treated plants and controls. Surviving larvae were transferred to an untreated artificial diet to assess the physiological effects caused by postdigestion of azadirachtin‐treated cotton. Growth retardation, including reduced larval and pupal weight and prolongation of development occurred in all treatments. Growth inhibition by azadirachtin was dose‐dependent. Physiological effects found in larvae fed on the artificial diet included difficulty in moulting between various instars, formation of larval–pupal intermediates and abnormal pupae. The present study indicates a potential for field control of H. armigera by using neem. High losses of larvae while feeding on cotton in controls are discussed.
Predation by the assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis (Walker) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the laboratory
Authors: Grundy Paul , Maelzer Derek 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe predatory capacity of the Australian assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis (Walker) was measured in the laboratory using a predation arena. Each juvenile instar of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Nezara viridula (L.) was presented as prey to each P. plagipennis instar to provide a series of predator/prey combinations. The number of insects killed or eaten by each predator instar was recorded for each predator/prey combination. The rate of predation on both prey species increased exponentially with predator development. First‐ and second‐instar P. plagipennis were limited in their ability to capture prey larger than second‐instar H. armigera and third‐instar N. viridula. Third‐, fourth‐ and fifth‐instar P. plagipennis were able to prey on the widest spectrum of prey instars. None of the P. plagipennis nymphal stages were capable of preying on fifth instars of either H. armigera or N. viridula. The data suggest that nymphs of P. plagipennis have the potential to be used as an augmentative biological control agent against these pests.
Pheromone‐trapping of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in stone fruit orchards near Gosford, New South Wales: Fauna, seasonality and effect of insecticides
Authors: James David G , Faulder Richard J , Vogele Beverley , Moore Christopher J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTraps baited with synthetic aggregation pheromones of Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson and Carpophilus davidsoni Dobson and fermenting bread dough were used to identify the fauna and monitor the seasonal abundance of Carpophilus spp. in insecticide‐treated peach and nectarine orchards in the Gosford area of coastal New South Wales. In four orchards 67 178 beetles were trapped during 1994–1995, with C. davidsoni (82%) and Carpophilus gaveni (Dobson) (12.2%) dominating catches. Five species (C. hemipterus, C. mutilatus, Carpophilus marginellus Motschulsky, Carpophilus humeralis (F.) and an unidentified species) each accounted for 0.2–3.2% of trapped beetles. Carpophilus davidsoni was most abundant during late September–early October but numbers declined rapidly during October, usually before insecticides were applied. Spring populations of Carpophilus spp. were very large in 1994–1995 (1843–2588 per trap per week). However, despite a preharvest population decline of approximately 95% and 2–11 applications of insecticide, 14–545 beetles per trap per week (above the arbitrary fruit damage threshold of 10 beetles per trap per week) were recorded during the harvest period and fruit damage occurred at three of the four orchards. Lower preharvest populations in 1995–1996 (< 600 per trap per week) and up to six applications of insecticide resulted in < 10 beetles per trap per week during most of the harvest period and minimal or no fruit damage. The implications of these results for the integrated management of Carpophilus spp. in coastal and inland areas of south‐eastern Australia are discussed.
Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Australian cypress‐pines, Callitris spp. (Cupressaceae), with descriptions of three new genera and three new species
Authors: Kolesik Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThree new species of gall midges associated with two gall types on Callitris trees in Australia are described and one species is redescribed. Three new genera are erected for two of the new and the redescribed species: Mesodiplosis, Callitridiplosis and Gladiodiplosis. Mesodiplosis callitridis gen. et sp. n. produces a trivalvate, capsule‐like branch shoot gall on Callitris endlicheri (Parl.) F. M. Bailey, Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L. A. S. Johnson and Callitris gracilis R. T. Baker. Callitridiplosis jana gen. et sp. n. produces a rosette‐like male flower gall on C. glaucophylla and C. gracilis. Both gall types additionally accommodate two inquiline gall midges, Dasineura callitridis sp. n. and Gladiodiplosis frenelae (
Skuse ). The galls were found to be common and potentially capable of restricting the reproduction and growth of the trees. The new genera belong to the supertribe Cecidomyiidi. Keys to adults of Australian genera of Cecidomyiidi and species of the genus Dasineura are given.
Contact dermatitis associated with the brown‐legged mite, Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau) (Acari: Acaridae), in Australia
Authors: Geary Merilyn J , Knihinicki Danuta K , Halliday R Bruce , Russell Richard C 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAleuroglyphus ovatus was found to be responsible for a case of contact dermatitis. Exposure to this mite could be a possible cause of allergy among employees of the grain industry. Aspects of the mite’s biology and medical importance are summarised.
Oriini (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) new to Australia
Authors: Postle Anthony C , Steiner Marilyn Y , Goodwin Stephen 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo new species of Orius Wolff, O. gracilis sp. n. and O. dendrophilus sp. n., and the male of O. chadwicki Woodward and Postle are described from Australia. In addition, the genus Montandoniola Poppius, represented by M. moraguesi (Puton) and M. sawtellense sp. n., is recorded from Australia for the first time. These species are incorporated into a revised key to the Australian Oriini which, until now, has been represented only by Orius spp. The potential of these and other Australian anthocorids as biological control agents is discussed.
Distribution of Drosophila serrata Malloch (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Australia with particular reference to the southern border
Authors: Jenkins Nicole L , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe distribution of the fly Drosophila serrata Malloch in Australia was characterised in light of the increasing use of this species as an evolutionary model system. A synthesis of previous collections suggested that D. serrata was limited to the eastern and northern coastal areas, with a southern border approximately 200 km north of Sydney and that this species utilised a wide range of resources as breeding sites. Additional collections suggested that the southern border changed seasonally, shifting some 270 km to Wollongong in late summer and autumn. Simulations using CLIMEX implicate cold stress in limiting the southern distribution.
Age‐related site fidelity in the territorial butterfly Hypolimnas bolina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Kemp Darrell J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe males of many territorial animals exhibit significant interindividual variation in site fidelity. A general prediction from theoretical models is that site fidelity should increase as a function of male age. In this study, I investigated the relationship between age and site fidelity in the territorial nymphalid butterfly Hypolimnas bolina (L.). A total of 144 males from a population in tropical Australia were captured and marked over two seasonal rounds in 1998. Sampling of the subsequent fidelity of these marked individuals provided two related lines of evidence in support of the age‐based prediction. First, older males were more likely to be resighted at their territories on at least one occasion following their capture and marking. Second, the subsequent site fidelity of the group of males that was resighted at least once was related to age, with older males showing greater average fidelity. Both results were consistent across seasons. Taken in concert, these findings strongly support the hypothesis that fidelity is linked to age in this territorial butterfly. At this stage it is not possible to distinguish between increased competitive ability and increased motivation for fidelity as the underlying cause of this relationship.
Flower constancy of the stingless bee Trigona carbonaria Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: White Daniel , Cribb Bronwen W , Heard Tim A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe tested the constancy of floral choice by Trigona carbonaria Smith in a garden by examining, using a scanning electron microscope, the composition of the pollen loads of individual foragers over time. Constancy was tested on three levels. Within a single trip, 88% of the samples examined comprised pure pollen loads (97% or more of one pollen type). Within a single day, 88% of bees visited the same species across trips sampled. Across 2 and 3 days, 82% and 73%, respectively, of individual bees foraged on a single pollen type. The majority of the remaining bees collected only two species of pollen. This pattern is consistent with that of other highly social bees. It enhances the pollinator efficacy of these insects by increasing the chances of pollen being transferred to stigmas of the same plant species. This increases the ecological importance of these bees and their value in crop pollination.
Distribution and ecology of the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.) (Collembola: Sminthuridae), in irrigated lucerne in the Hunter dairying region of New South Wales
Authors: Bishop Alan L , Harris Anne M , McKenzie Harry J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.), is shown to be a pest of irrigated lucerne in the summer‐rainfall, temperate‐type climate of the Hunter region in New South Wales, an area previously considered unsuitable for its establishment. Main activity occurred at average temperatures ≤ 13–15°C, resulting in five generations per season. Establishment and activity were closely related to irrigation. Eggs hatched throughout summer but populations failed to develop. It was unclear if diapausing eggs, the progressive hatching of non‐diapausing aestivating eggs or both helped the species survive to form viable populations in winter. Early activity was detected from catches of very small nymphs (< 0.3 ± 0.14 mm) in pitfall traps, which preceded lucerne flea presence as small nymphs (< 0.82 ± 0.15 mm) on plants by approximately 2 weeks following irrigations or major rainfall. Predators and grazing by dairy cattle had no effect on lucerne flea numbers. Significant relationships were established between the lucerne flea and several plant growth and damage factors.