bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Metabolic Models for Estimation of Energy Expenditure During Isolated Concentric and Eccentric Muscle Contractions
Authors: Lentz-Nielsen Nicki , Boysen Mads Daabeck , Munk-Hansen Mathias , Laursen Andreas David , Steffensen Mike , Engelund Bjørn Keller , Iversen Kristoffer , Larsen Ryan Godsk , de Zee Mark 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Musculoskeletal modeling uses metabolic models to estimate energy expenditure of human locomotion. However, accurate estimation of energy expenditure is challenging, which may be due to uncertainty about the true energy cost of eccentric and concentric muscle contractions. The purpose of this study was to validate three commonly used metabolic models, using isolated isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee extensions/flexions. Five resistance-trained adult males (25.6 ± 2.4 year, 90.6 ± 7.5 kg, 1.81 ± 0.09 m) performed 150 repetitions at four different torques in a dynamometer. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure energy expenditure during these muscle contractions. All three models underestimated the energy expenditure (compared with indirect calorimetry) for up to 55.8% and 78.5% for concentric and eccentric contractions, respectively. Further, the coefficient of determination was in general low for eccentric contractions (R2 &lt; 0.46) indicating increases in the absolute error with increases in load. These results show that the metabolic models perform better when predicting energy expenditure of concentric contractions compared with eccentric contractions. Thus, more knowledge about the relationship between energy expenditure and eccentric work is needed to optimize the metabolic models for musculoskeletal modeling of human locomotion.
A Novel Design of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector’s Absorber Tube
Authors: Djenane Mohamed Salim , Hadji Seddik , Touhami Omar , Zitouni Abdel Halim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an investigation of a novel design of receiver absorber tube (circular–trapezoidal shaped) for parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) system aiming at catching a part of the lost (reflected) solar rays due to effects related to the incidence angle deviation and thus improving the PTC's thermal performance. Although they are always present in PTC, the effects of the deviation angle are often not considered in the literature. These effects are considered here in view of presenting a better and more useful focal area, the optimal circular–trapezoidal absorber tube shape is determined according to the maximal limit of the deviation angle that allows catching the maximum amount of solar rays. The corresponding model is established considering it as a two-dimensional problem and the derived deviation angle coefficient is compared to that obtained for a traditional circular-shaped tube. Moreover, the energy balance model is adapted to simulate the thermal efficiency of the considered tubes as a function of the deviation angle with some assumptions. The obtained results prove that from a deviation angle value of 0.1 deg, the gain in efficiency becomes more significant; it can reach 5% and even be higher for a deviation angle value of 0.5 deg. Finally, comsol multiphysics software package was used to determine the pressure drops, temperature, and velocity field distributions, considering a deviation angle value of 0.2 deg. The results confirm that the proposed tube absorbs more heat than the traditional one.
Nano Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide as Synergistic Lubricant Additive With Micro Carbon Sphere for Enhanced Tribological Properties
Authors: Gao Rongqin , Chang Qiuying , Lichun Hao , He Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, the tribological properties of the mixture of nano magnesium silicate hydroxide (MSH) and micro carbon sphere (CS) are studied, and a superior synergistic anti-wear performance is exhibited under 600 N and 600 RPM. For determining the anti-wear mechanism, an easy two-step experimental method is innovatively used. It is proved that the decomposition of MSH is the key to exhibit the synergistic anti-wear effect with amorphous carbon (a-C). Results show that the H+ protons released by MSH decomposition can effectively convert Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 on worn surfaces. Besides, MSH also helps the formed a-C layer exist in low H content with stronger adhesion on the iron surface, and the detached H atoms from C–H further facilitate the reduction of Fe2O3. It is believed that the critical role of lamellate clay in synergy with a-C as a lubricant additive is determined, and a basis for the further anti-wear mechanism study of various a-C-modified clay composite is provided.
Damage Simulation Method for Adhesively Bonded Composite Structures Based on XFEM and Cohesive Hybrid Model
Authors: Zhang Yang , Soman Rohan , Radzieński Maciej , Ostachowicz Wiesław 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The increasing use of bonded composites has increased interest in detecting potential defects. In this study, we examined the structural integrity of the bonded zone of the single lap joint and characterized the associated crack propagation by using the extend finite element method (XFEM) technique. Furthermore, a probabilistic machine learning approach is employed to estimate the remaining useful life of the structure. Our findings provide valuable insights into detecting the health condition of bonded composites and can aid in developing effective maintenance strategies for ensuring long-term safety and reliability.
Eddy-Current Evaluation of Platinum Aluminide Coatings
Authors: Ribichini Remo , Giolli Carlo , Scrinzi Erica 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Platinum Aluminide (PtAl) diffusion coatings play an essential role in the protection of mechanical components exposed to high temperatures, such as gas turbine blades and nozzles. The formation of an adherent oxide scale inhibits substrate oxidation or hot corrosion that would otherwise lead to mechanical degradation and premature failure of parts. Nondestructive evaluation methods of Platinum Aluminide coatings are of significant practical interest in industry to optimize maintenance and repair operations while keeping safety and quality requirements. This article describes the application of a frequency sweeping eddy current technique to measure impedance spectra. Such electrical measurements are then inverted with a classical physics-based model to obtain coating properties (thickness, conductivity) or used to directly estimate useful residual life parameters using data-driven models together with the results of destructive analyses. The article shows the validation of this approach, first on a set of samples artificially aged at different temperature and time exposures up to several years and then the validation on actual parts, that have been removed from service and analyzed in the laboratory. A comparison of the data-driven versus physics model is also presented, showing the pro and cons of each approach.
A Relationship Between the POD Qualification of an Inspector and the Estimated Upper Bound Failure Probability of a Fatigue-Loaded Component When No Crack Was Found
Authors: Fong Jeffrey T. , Finney Ned A. , Doctor Steven R. , Heckert N. Alan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Committee has recently developed a new Section XI (Nuclear Components Inspection) Division 2 Code named “Reliability and Integrity Management (RIM).” RIM incorporates a new concept known as “System-Based Code (SBC)” originally due to Asada and his colleagues, where an integrated approach from design to service inspection is introduced using three new types of statistical quantities: (1) ”system reliability index,” or “system failure probability,” for any system consisting of structures and components, (2) “structural failure probability”. or “structural co-reliability,” for any structure, and (3) “component failure probability,” or “component co-reliability” for any component. In a recent paper published in the International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping (Vol. 173 (2019), pp. 79-93). Fong, Heckert, Filliben, and Freiman developed a new theory of fatigue and creep rupture life modeling for metal alloys at room and elevated temperatures such that the upper bound of failure probability (FPUB) of an uncracked component can be rigorously estimated from fatigue or creep rupture test data with simple loading histories. This led to the publication of a second paper, ASME PVP2021-62169 (Fong, Marcal, Rainsberger, Heckert, Filliben, Doctor, and Finney, Jr.), where the methodology was applied to the inspection results of both uncracked and cracked components by NDE inspectors with probability of detection (POD) qualification at certain statistical level of confidence.(e.g., 95 %). In a numerical example presented in that ASME PVP-2021-62169 paper, a quantitative relationship was shown between the POD qualification at certain statistical level of confidence of an NDE inspector and the estimated FPUB curve of an uncracked component when the inspector reports a result of either a crack or “no crack.” This result is significant to the NDE industry, and we discuss it in this paper and propose to use the result as a basis for revising the Article 14 (Examination System Qualification) of the ASME Section V (2015) Code.
Acoustic Emission Source Localization in Plates Through Support Vector Machine with Genetic Optimization
Authors: Kalimullah Nur M. M. , Ojha Shivam , Shelke Amit , Habib Anowarul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Support vector machine (SVM) is used as the classifier as well as a regressor in the machine learning techniques. However, the application of SVM for acoustic emission (AE) source localization is limited. For the composite materials, the use of guided ultrasonic waves (GUV) helps in identifying the location of defects as they can be transmitted and simultaneously received by the sparse array of piezoelectric sensors. Various methods based on minimizing the error function and Bayesian filters have already been implemented to identify the location of the acoustic emission (AE) source. The current study focuses on identifying the location of impact in the plate using guided waves through a layered support vector machine framework. Under the framework, the carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate is divided into several small regions. The SVM classifier is trained for each of these regions, and thus a set of layers containing different SVM classifiers is formed. The training dataset is generated through the centroidal Voronoi tessellations. The test point generated through Markov Chain is passed through the different layers of SVM to identify the region of AE source location. Moreover, the proposed approach is validated using an experimental program that makes use of a CFRP composite panel instrumented with a sparse array of piezoelectric transducers.
Numerical Simulation Study on Nondestructive Evaluation of Surface Crack Defects of Ferromagnetic Materials by Wideband Ultrasonic Surface Waves
Authors: Liu Zenghua , Guo Yanhong , Zhao Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The key parts of ferromagnetic materials that have served in high temperature environment for a long time are prone to cracks, and the growth of cracks seriously threatens the safe operation of the components. Aiming at the surface crack defects of ferromagnetic materials, based on numerical simulation, this study uses wideband ultrasonic surface waves to carry out nondestructive evaluation of surface crack defects. The wideband ultrasonic surface waves are generated and received by the wideband ultrasonic surface waves transducers. Based on time-frequency analysis method, the interaction law between ultrasonic surface wave with different frequency components and surface crack defects is studied. Ultrasonic characteristic parameters with different frequency components are extracted, and a neural network model with ultrasonic characteristic parameters as input and surface crack defects information as output is constructed to evaluate surface cracks defects. The results show when the crack length is between the wavelength depth of high-frequency ultrasonic surface waves and the wavelength depth of low-frequency ultrasonic surface waves, the prediction error of crack length is large. The prediction error of crack length can be reduced and the ability of nondestructive evaluation of surface crack defects can be improved when using wideband ultrasonic characteristic parameters for crack nondestructive evaluation.
Ultrasonic Guided Waves Measurements using Bragg Gratings in Optical Fibers under Varying Environmental Conditions
Authors: Recoquillay Arnaud , Roussel Nicolas , Maurin Laurent , Laffont Guillaume , Chapuis Bastien 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) are promising ultrasound transducers, especially for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), since they can be seamlessly integrated into structures and multiplexed, and can also sustain harsh environments (extreme temperatures, radiations, electromagnetic environments…). However, their widespread use for ultrasound measurements has been limited until now because the sensitivity of the edge filtering technique, as implemented so far, is strongly impacted by environmental conditions such as temperature or deformation of the host structure, leading to a loss in sensitivity. Indeed, edge filtering is based on a narrow band light source locked on the side of the reflection spectrum of the FBG. Under varying environmental conditions, this reflection spectrum will shift and, without proper action, the setting will be lost. We present here a solution enabling measurements under varying environmental conditions based on the low frequency tracking of the setting point in order to keep the sensitivity of this method at an acceptable level. The tracking is based on a retroaction loop on the DC output of the photodiode, giving an image of the relative position of the narrow band light source and the reflection spectrum of the FBG. The setup was successfully tested during the 4-points bending test of a composite panel sollicited at increasing strain rates.
Identification of
cpxS
mutational resistome in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Tian Zhe-Xian , Wang Yi-Ping 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
easily produces drug-resistant mutants. A large number of mutational resistome genes exist in the genome of
P. aeruginosa
. In this study, whole genome sequencing analysis of a multidrug-resistant
P. aeruginosa
strain isolated by
in vitro
antibiotic treatment showed a mutation in the
cpxS
gene. Random mutagenesis of
cpxS
was conducted and introduced into the PA14Δ
cpxS
strain. Numerous CpxS mutants, including 14 different single amino acid substitutions, were identified, which led to reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Moreover, some of them were also present in the published genomes of
P. aeruginosa
isolates. Around
cpxS
, a gene coding for a putative sensor kinase, the nearest gene coding for a response regulator is
cpxR
in the genome of
P. aeruginosa
. Deletion of
cpxR
restored antibiotic susceptibility in the above
cpxS
mutant strains. As an extension of our previous work, where the expression of the
mexAB-oprM
operon is directly activated by CpxR in
P. aeruginosa
, in this study, we showed that the expression of the
mexA
promoter was increased in the above
cpxS
mutant strains in a
cpxR
-dependent manner, and
mexA
is prerequisite for the reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Therefore, we propose that the putative sensor kinase CpxS, together with CpxR, comprises a two-component regulatory system regulating the expression of the
mexAB-oprM
operon in
P. aeruginosa
. Our work indicates that
cpxS
, as a novel member of mutational resistome, plays important roles on the development of multidrug resistance in
P. aeruginosa
.
circCBL and its host gene
CBL
collaboratively enhance the antiviral immunity and antibacterial immunity by targeting MITA in fish
Authors: Lv Xing , Zheng Weiwei , Geng Shang , Cui Yanqiu , Tao Yaqi , Xu Tianjun 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, but their specific roles in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses require further investigation. In this study, the expression of circCBL was significantly increased in the
Sininiperca chuatsi rhabdovirus
(SCRV)-treated group and LPS-treated group of
Miichthys miiuy
, which may be related to the antiviral and antibacterial responses of teleost fish. The experimental results indicated that overexpression of circCBL can increase the production of antiviral genes and inflammatory factors, thereby promoting innate immunity against the invasion of SCRV and
Vibrio anguillarum
. Subsequent investigations have unveiled that circCBL plays a regulatory role in MITA through adsorbing miR-125a-1-3p, thereby facilitating the innate immune response. Remarkably, our findings suggested that the host gene
CBL
, which is associated with circCBL, also promotes the expression of MITA, consequently bolstering the antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. This discovery highlights the intricate interplay between circCBL and its host gene
CBL
, jointly governing the expression of MITA and ultimately amplifying the immune response against viral and bacterial infections. Overall, our research provides compelling experimental evidence corroborating the crucial regulatory functions of both circCBL and its host gene
CBL
in coordinating robust antiviral and antibacterial defense mechanisms.

IMPORTANCE

Increasing evidence indicates that circular RNAs exert crucial functions in regulating gene expression in mammals. However, the function of circRNAs in lower vertebrates still needs further exploration. Our research results demonstrated that circRNA, namely circCBL, is involved in modulating antiviral and antibacterial immune responses in lower vertebrates. In addition, our study also found that circCBL can serve as a competing endogenous RNA to facilitate MITA expression, thereby modulating MITA-mediated innate immunity. Further research has proved that the host gene
CBL
also promotes the expression of MITA, enhancing antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Our study not only elucidated the underlying biological mechanism of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in the innate immune response of lower vertebrates but also unveiled the synergistic antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms between circRNA and its host gene in lower vertebrates.
Herp regulates intracellular survival of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
H37Ra in macrophages by regulating reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy
Authors: Son Sang-Hun , Lee Junghwan , Cho Soo-Na , Choi Ji-Ae , Kim Jaewhan , Nguyen Tam Doan , Lee Seong-Ahn , Son Doyi , Song Chang-Hwa 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Novel treatment strategies for tuberculosis (TB), such as host-directed therapeutics, may offer therapeutic options for patients with drug-resistant TB. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis is one of the host defense mechanisms used to remove mycobacteria. It is reported that homocysteine-inducible ER protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (Herp) inhibits apoptosis by preventing the loss of ER Ca
2+
and mitochondrial potential during ER stress. However, the roles of Herp in ER stress and apoptosis during H37Ra infection are largely unknown. Here, we show that Herp is induced in H37Ra-infected macrophages through an activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)-dependent ER stress response. Suppressing Herp by genetic approaches decreased production of HRD1, conserved branch of mammalian ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, and increased the production levels of ER stress-associated molecules such as p-IRE1ɑ and BiP after H37Ra infection. Suppressing Herp also increased both the NADPH oxidase 2 and inositol triphosphate receptor, which sequentially led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during H37Ra infection. Interestingly, the Herp depletion-mediated ROS increment led to autophagy induction, which led to decreased intracellular survival of mycobacteria in H37Ra-infected macrophages. The role of Herp was further confirmed by the fact that blocking this molecule
in vitro
and
in vivo
significantly reduced mycobacterial survival. These findings indicate that Herp mediates crosstalk between ER stress and ROS-mediated autophagy during H37Ra infection, suggesting the potential of Herp manipulation as a therapeutic strategy for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) infection.

IMPORTANCE

Several studies have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is important in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases; however, the precise function of ER stress regulation and the role of Herp as a regulator in Mtb H37Ra-induced ER stress remain elusive. Therefore, our study investigated ER stress and autophagy associated with Herp expression in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-infected macrophages to determine the role of Herp in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Salivary microbiome profiles for different clinical phenotypes of pituitary adenomas by single-molecular long-read sequencing
Authors: Ji Xuefei , Li Pingping , Guo Qinglong , Guan Liao , Gao Peng , Wu Bingshan , Cheng Hongwei , Xiao Jin , Ye Lei 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common benign brain tumors. Although associations between the gastrointestinal microbiome and PA have been reported previously, studies on the distributions of salivary microbial species in PA patients and among their different clinical phenotypes are currently lacking. In this study, saliva samples from 42 patients and 20 healthy individuals were selected for third-generation sequencing. The PA group included four clinical phenotypes: adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting PA (
n
= 6), growth hormone-secreting PA (
n
= 9), prolactin-secreting PA (
n
= 18), and nonfunctioning PA (
n
= 9). All samples were sequenced, and the data were clustered and de-chimerized to obtain information regarding the abundance of operational taxonomic units. We found that the species distributions in the saliva of PA patients were more abundant than those of healthy individuals. A total of 82 genera were identified across all samples, of which 14 and 17 genera were more abundant in the saliva samples of patients with PA and healthy individuals, respectively. In the phenotypic functional prediction, the phenotypes of anaerobic and Gram-positive organisms were more commonly seen in patients with PA than in healthy individuals. The bioinformatics prediction indicated that multiple metabolic pathways were involved in the pathogenesis of PA. In conclusion, this study highlighted the associations of salivary microbiome profiles with PA, which may improve the existing understanding of the pathogenesis of PA and provide diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PA.

IMPORTANCE
The gut and salivary microbiomes have been widely reported to be significantly associated with a number of neurological disorders. The stability of the microbiome in the oral cavity makes it a potentially ideal sample that can be conveniently obtained for the investigation of microbiome-based pathogenesis in diseases. In the present study, we used a single-molecule long-read sequencing technique to study the distribution of the salivary microbiota in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA) and healthy individuals, as well as among four clinical phenotypes of PA. We found that the diversity of salivary microbes was more abundant in PA patients than in healthy individuals. We also observed some unique genera in different PA phenotypes. The bioinformatics-based functional predictions identified potential links between microbes and different clinical phenotypes of PA. This study improves the existing understanding of the pathogenesis of PA and may provide diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PA.