bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel treatments for anorexia nervosa: Insights from neuroplasticity research
Authors: Keeler Johanna Louise , Kan Carol , Treasure Janet , Himmerich Hubertus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTreatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) remains challenging; there are no approved psychopharmacological interventions and psychotherapeutic strategies have variable efficacy. The investigation of evidence‐based treatments has so far been compounded by an underdeveloped understanding into the neurobiological changes associated with the acute stages of AN. There is converging evidence of deficiencies in neuroplasticity in AN.MethodThis paper provides an overview of neuroimaging, neuropsychological, molecular and qualitative findings relating to neuroplasticity in AN, translating these findings to the identification of novel biological and psychotherapeutic strategies.ResultsNovel psychopharmacological approaches that may ameliorate deficiencies in neuroplasticity include medications such as ketamine, psilocybin and human recombinant leptin. Anti‐inflammatory medications and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor mimetics may emerge as potential treatments following further research. Psychotherapeutic strategies that may target neuroplastic deficiencies, as well as having wider effects on identity, include imagery rescripting, memory specificity training, cognitive remediation therapy, exposure therapies, narrative therapies, cultural interventions (e.g. music and arts therapies) and yoga/mindfulness‐based interventions.ConclusionsTreatments specifically targeted towards mitigating the neurobiological sequalae of AN are warranted, and emerging neurobiological and neuropsychological research utilising longitudinal designs and large sample sizes, as well as initial feasibility studies, are necessitated to bolster translational efforts.
An advanced check‐dam sedimentation module: Laboratory validation and implementation in a distributed sediment yield model for field application
Authors: Zhang Ga , Yu Bofu , Xu Xiangzhou , An Chenge , Fu Xudong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCheck‐dams are structures used extensively around the world for soil and water conservation. However, existing models for check‐dams are unable to simulate the Sediment Trap Efficiency (STE) at the catchment scale. A numerical model was developed to simulate the SEdiment Deposition upstream of Check‐Dams (SEDCD) and integrated into a distributed sediment yield model, the Digital Yellow River Model (DYRIM). Two versions of the SEDCD model were evaluated: the SV version which used the Saint–Venant equation to simulate the unsteady flow, and the BW version, which used a modified backwater equation (based on a quasi‐steady approximation) to improve computational efficiency. Sediment deposition and the associated bed profile adjustment were simulated with the sediment conservation equation and the non‐equilibrium suspended sediment transport equation. The SEDCD model was first validated in the laboratory using experimental data from a scale‐down check‐dam. The bed profiles predicted using both versions of the SEDCD model showed good agreement with the observations, with NSE values over 0.9 in most profiles. When integrated into the DYRIM and applied to the Xiaoli River Basin (818 km2) on the Loess Plateau, which has 183 active check‐dams, the SEDCD‐DYRIM combination predicted the STE for an extreme rainstorm event in 2017 with good accuracy and high computational efficiency. The SEDCD‐BW‐DYRIM simulated the hourly discharge and sediment concentration with high accuracy (NSE values of 0.79 and 0.71, respectively) and provided single‐event STEs (R2 value of 0.99) comparable to those of the SEDCD‐SV model, with an approximately 30 times faster runtime efficiency than the SEDCD‐SV model. The SEDCD‐BW model is a powerful and efficient tool to assess the effect of check dams on sediment dynamics at the catchment scale.
Iron pools of the typical loess–palaeosol sequence and their environmental significance in northeastern China
Authors: Sun Zhong‐Xiu , Wang Shi‐Ning , Jiang Ying‐Ying , Wang Qiu‐Bing , Zhang Gan‐Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe iron content can be used as a proxy for the intensity of weathering and pedogenesis, which reflect long‐term climate cycles and short‐term climate fluctuations and events. In this study, a typical loess–palaeosol sequence for 19.85 m in thickness deposited since 423 ka BP in northeastern China was investigated, and its iron pools were determined. The results reveal that with increasing depth, the abundances of different forms of iron are consistent with the changes in the magnetic susceptibility. Iron (Fe) in all forms is more abundant in the palaeosol than in the loess. The silicate‐bound Fe pool (Fer = Fet − Fed) accounts for 60.4% of the total Fe (Fet), indicating weak pedogenesis. The Fe in the crystalline oxides (Fec = Fed − Feo) is predominantly free Fe (Fed), with a crystallinity [Fey = (Fed − Feo) × 100 / Fed] of as high as 97.2%. The coefficients of variation of the different forms of iron associated with the soil depth are as follows: Fec > Fed > poorly crystalline Fe (Feo) > Fer > Fet. The distribution of the forms of Fe throughout the profile is a clear indicator of the pedogenesis. The Fed, Fec, and Fe freeness (freeness = Fed × 100 / Fet) correlate with the magnetic susceptibility. The neoformation of iron (Fe) oxides was closely related to the degree of pedogenesis. More crystalline Fe oxides were found in the soil layers corresponding to warm interglacial periods. We detected variations in the abundance of the Fe pools for characterizing climate fluctuations that occurred in a short period of time. In this study, we demonstrated that when used in combination with dating techniques, morphological development indices, and magnetic susceptibility, the measurement of soil Fe pools can be extremely useful for tracing the iron evolution in the Earth's critical zone and reconstructing past climatic events in loess–palaeosol sequences.
A privacy‐sensitive data identification model in online social networks
Authors: Yi Yuzi , Zhu Nafei , He Jingsha , Jurcut Anca Delia , Ma Xiangjun , Luo Yehong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrivacy protection in online social networks (OSNs) has received a great deal of attention in recent years. One way of circumventing conventional privacy protection is privacy inference based on data that can be easily obtained in OSNs. Previous work on privacy inference has studied the issue mostly from the viewpoint of the attackers and methods thus designed were mostly aimed at pursuing the accuracy of the inference results with little regard on the causes of privacy breaches. To develop more effective privacy protection mechanisms that takes privacy inference into consideration, it is necessary to identify the information that plays a more important role in privacy breaches. In this paper, we propose a privacy‐sensitive data identification model in OSNs, which can identify key pieces of data that are most sensitive as far the privacy of the user is concerned. Firstly, a privacy inference method is proposed based on conditional random fields to infer the privacy of the target users. Then, a privacy‐sensitive data identification method is proposed by using the intermediate data of the proposed privacy inference method based on the targeted influence maximization algorithm. Thus, the key pieces of data in the form of user attributes and relationships on which the privacy of the target user depends can be determined to facilitate the implementation of privacy protection mechanisms. The effectiveness as well as the advantages of the proposed model is verified and demonstrated through experiment using real datasets. The impact of the key factors on privacy inference is also analyzed to guide the design of effective privacy protection strategies.
Comparative study on different extraction methods of oil extract from Mentha asiatica Boriss. and optimization of the extraction process by response surface methodology
Authors: Aimila Aoken , Xiao Xiangwen , Xin Xuelei , Sodik Numonov , Shen Jingshan , Maiwulanjiang Maitinuer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the current study, the lipophilic solvent (n‐hexane) extraction, steam distillation (SD) and supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SC–CO2) methods were used to extract the volatile components of Mentha asiatica Boriss. Comparisons were made between the extraction yield, chemical component and biological activity. Gas chromatography quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC–QTOF–MS) and semi‐quantitative analysis of chemical contents by flame ionization detector (GC–FID) were used to study the chemical ingredients in Mentha asiatica Boriss. aromatic extract. The oil extract obtained from lipophilic solvent (n‐hexane) extraction (1.27 ± 0.03%, w/W) showed the highest yield, followed by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (1.15 ± 0.04%, w/W), the extraction rate of SD was (0.37 ± 0.01%，w/W). The oil extract of Mentha asiatica Boriss. contained a total of 70 components that were identified. In the following, the primary volatile compounds of the essential oil produced using the three extraction techniques: α‐thujene, camphene, sabinene, β‐pinene, β‐cymene, limonene, β‐terpinene, camphol, α‐terpinene, carvenone, carvone, piperitone oxide, thymol, myrtenyl acetate, dihydrojasmone, caryophyllene, germacrene D and caryophyllene oxide. Findings from this study indicate that the three methods of essential oil extraction produced oils with varying antioxidant capacities against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, all of the essential oils simultaneously showed clear inhibitory actions. Response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box–Benhnken design with three factors and three levels were both utilized to optimize the distillation process of essential oils. The appropriate extraction parameters were a 3 h extraction period, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:10 and a 3 h soaking time. The highest yield of essential oil was 0.38%. The impact of extraction parameters on essential oil yield was examined using the SD method. The findings indicated that the main factors affecting the yield of volatile oil extracted by SD were soaking time > ratio of solid to liquid > extraction time.
Antibacterial activity of bioemulsifiers/biosurfactants produced by Levilactobacillus brevisS4 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarumS5 and their utilization to enhance the stability of cold emulsions of milk chocolate drinks
Authors: Tchakouani Galvany Franck Yamagueu , Mouafo Hippolyte Tene , Nguimbou Richard Marcel , Nganou Nadège Donkeng , Mbawala Augustin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChocolate milk drink, one of the most popular and widely consumed milk products among the population, independent of their age, has as its main challenge the problem of its physical instability. The aim of this study was to assess the stabilizing effect of bioemulsifiers/biosurfactants (BE/BS) from two lactobacilli strains in a cold chocolate milk drink. The strains Levilactobacillus brevis S4 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S5 isolated from pendidam were screened for their ability to produce BE/BS. The produced BE/BS were characterized, their antimicrobial activities were assessed, and their ability to stabilize cold chocolate milk drinks was determined. The results obtained showed BE/BS yields of 3.48 and 4.37 g/L from L. brevis S4 and L. plantarum S5, respectively. These BE/BS showed emulsifying and surface activities that remained stable after treatment at different temperatures, pH, and salinity. The emulsions formed using BE/BS were stable for 72 h at room temperature (25 ± 1°C). The BE/BS exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus S1 and Escherichia coli E1. When applied to cold chocolate milk drinks at 0.2% (w/v), the BE/BS from L. brevis S4 and L. plantarum S5 showed interesting solubility indexes and water absorption capacities, which led to the successful stabilization of the drinks. The results of this study demonstrate the stabilizer potential of BE/BS from L. brevis S4 and L. plantarum S5 and suggest their use in the dairy and food industries.
Quality specification of ice creams produced with different homofermentative lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Akarca Gökhan , Kilinç Mehmet , Denizkara Ayşe Janseli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the changes in the physicochemical, microbiological, textural, and nutritional values of ice cream produced by various methods with the addition of different lactic acid bacteria. Adding lactic acid bacteria to the ice cream mix caused a decrease in firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, index of viscosity, pH, aw, first drop, complete melting, and overrun values (p < .05). These decreases were more pronounced in the samples to which lactic acid bacteria were added before mix maturation (p < .05). Firmness and consistency values varied between 15.11–16.26 (g) and 374.58–404.91 (g s), respectively, in the samples to which lactic acid bacteria were added before maturation. No significant effect of the addition of lactic acid bacteria to the ice cream mix on the L*, a*, and b* values of the bacteria before or after mix maturation was detected (p > .05). The L* values of the samples varied between 88.91 and 83.36, a* values between 0.76 and 1.32, and b* values between 6.57 and 8.38. An increase was detected in the amount of organic acid (excluding formic acid) in the samples produced with the addition of different lactic acid bacteria (p < .05). The number of fatty acids in the samples varied depending on the lactic acid addition and the production method; the rate of this change was generally higher in the samples with added lactic acid bacteria after mix maturation (p < .05). In particular, the amounts of short‐ and medium‐chain fatty acids increased in the samples with lactic acid bacteria added after mix ripening, compared to the control sample.
Time‐varying price discovery in regular and microbitcoin futures
Authors: Chen Yu‐Lun , Yang J. Jimmy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate the dynamic price discovery in the regular bitcoin (BTC) and microbitcoin (MBT) futures at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The only difference between the two bitcoin futures is the contract size, with MBT representing 1/50th of BTC. In contrast to recent findings in the literature, we find that BTC dominates MBT futures in price discovery, which can be attributed to the relative liquidity and investor structure in the BTC and MBT futures. In addition, crypto hacking activities can affect price discovery in bitcoin futures as we find higher hack stolen funds reduce (enhance) the price discovery in BTC (MBT) futures. These findings provide practical implications for bitcoin investors and regulators.
Data‐adaptive and pathway‐based tests for association studies between somatic mutations and germline variations in human cancers
Authors: Chen Zhongyuan , Liang Han , Wei Peng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCancer is a disease driven by a combination of inherited genetic variants and somatic mutations. Recently available large‐scale sequencing data of cancer genomes have provided an unprecedented opportunity to study the interactions between them. However, previous studies on this topic have been limited by simple, low statistical power tests such as Fisher's exact test. In this paper, we design data‐adaptive and pathway‐based tests based on the score statistic for association studies between somatic mutations and germline variations. Previous research has shown that two single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐set‐based association tests, adaptive sum of powered score (aSPU) and data‐adaptive pathway‐based (aSPUpath) tests, increase the power in genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) with a single disease trait in a case–control study. We extend aSPU and aSPUpath to multi‐traits, that is, somatic mutations of multiple genes in a cohort study, allowing extensive information aggregation at both SNP and gene levels. ‐values from different parameters assuming varying genetic architecture are combined to yield data‐adaptive tests for somatic mutations and germline variations. Extensive simulations show that, in comparison with some commonly used methods, our data‐adaptive somatic mutations/germline variations tests can be applied to multiple germline SNPs/genes/pathways, and generally have much higher statistical powers while maintaining the appropriate type I error. The proposed tests are applied to a large‐scale real‐world International Cancer Genome Consortium whole genome sequencing data set of 2583 subjects, detecting more significant and biologically relevant associations compared with the other existing methods on both gene and pathway levels. Our study has systematically identified the associations between various germline variations and somatic mutations across different cancer types, which potentially provides valuable utility for cancer risk prediction, prognosis, and therapeutics.
Neural correlates of temporal recalibration to delayed auditory feedback of active and passive movements
Authors: Schmitter Christina V. , Kufer Konstantin , Steinsträter Olaf , Sommer Jens , Kircher Tilo , Straube Benjamin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen we perform an action, its sensory outcomes usually follow shortly after. This characteristic temporal relationship aids in distinguishing self‐ from externally generated sensory input. To preserve this ability under dynamically changing environmental conditions, our expectation of the timing between action and outcome must be able to recalibrate, for example, when the outcome is consistently delayed. Until now, it remains unclear whether this process, known as sensorimotor temporal recalibration, can be specifically attributed to recalibration of sensorimotor (action‐outcome) predictions, or whether it may be partly due to the recalibration of expectations about the intersensory (e.g., audio‐tactile) timing. Therefore, we investigated the behavioral and neural correlates of temporal recalibration and differences in sensorimotor and intersensory contexts. During fMRI, subjects were exposed to delayed or undelayed tones elicited by actively or passively generated button presses. While recalibration of the expected intersensory timing (i.e., between the tactile sensation during the button movement and the tones) can be expected to occur during both active and passive movements, recalibration of sensorimotor predictions should be limited to active movement conditions. Effects of this procedure on auditory temporal perception and the modality‐transfer to visual perception were tested in a delay detection task. Across both contexts, we found recalibration to be associated with activations in hippocampus and cerebellum. Context‐dependent differences emerged in terms of stronger behavioral recalibration effects in sensorimotor conditions and were captured by differential activation pattern in frontal cortices, cerebellum, and sensory processing regions. These findings highlight the role of the hippocampus in encoding and retrieving newly acquired temporal stimulus associations during temporal recalibration. Furthermore, recalibration‐related activations in the cerebellum may reflect the retention of multiple representations of temporal stimulus associations across both contexts. Finally, we showed that sensorimotor predictions modulate recalibration‐related processes in frontal, cerebellar, and sensory regions, which potentially account for the perceptual advantage of sensorimotor versus intersensory temporal recalibration.
Long‐term mental health cost of the Great Chinese Famine
Authors: Cheng Mingwang , Wang Zhouxiang , Yu Ning Neil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) claimed tens of millions of lives. This study aims to causally examine the long‐term mental health cost it imposed on those who survived. To estimate the nationwide total mental health cost, we use a novel dataset to measure the famine intensity of every prefecture‐level region, match it to a nationally representative survey, and then identify the long‐term effects of the famine on the depression of rural residents then in the early years of their lives. Difference‐in‐differences estimates reveal that a one‐standard‐deviation rise in the experienced famine intensity increased a standard measure of depression by about 0.039 and 0.064 if the individual experienced the famine at ages 0–2 and 3–5, respectively. This translates into roughly 7.99 million cases of severe depressive symptoms caused by the famine, which is likely an undercount. Examining the mechanisms behind the large effects, we find that important roles were played by starvation experience and childhood maltreatment, as well as the primary mediators including other health outcomes, economic status, and social relationship. Our findings shed light on how large‐scale food security failures impact the mental well‐being of the survivors.
Toxicities and clinical outcome of adjuvant dysphagia optimized versus standard intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for post‐operative oral cavity cancers: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Patni Ayushi , Rastogi Madhup , Gandhi Ajeet Kumar , Mishra Vachaspati Kumar , Srivastava Anoop Kumar , Sharma Vikas , Agarwal Akash , Khurana Rohini , Hadi Rahat , Sapru Shantanu , Mishra Surendra Prasad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe prospectively assessed acute and late toxicity in post‐operative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (PO‐OCSCC) treated with adjuvant dysphagia optimized intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (Do‐IMRT) versus standard IMRT (S‐IMRT).Material and methodsFifty‐six patients of PO‐SCC without indications of concurrent chemotherapy were alternatively allocated to adjuvant Do‐IMRT (n = 28) versus S‐IMRT (n = 28) arms. High‐ and low‐risk planning target volume received 60 and 54 Gy, respectively, in 30 fractions over 6 weeks. Dysphagia aspiration‐related structures (DARS) were contoured in both arms. While dosimetric constraints were given in Do‐IMRT arm, doses to DARS were only observed without dose constraints in S‐IMRT arm. Acute and late toxicity were assessed by common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v5.0 and RTOG criteria, respectively.ResultsThe primary site of disease was buccal mucosa (64% vs. 53%) and oral tongue (21% vs. 32%), in Do‐IMRT and S‐IMRT, respectively. The mean doses to DARS was significantly less with Do‐IMRT (all p < 0.001) as compared to S‐IMRT. Median follow‐up was 24.2 months. Grade ≥2 oral pain was less in the Do‐IMRT arm (50% vs. 78.6%, p = 0.05). Grade ≥2 late dysphagia at 2 years were significantly less in Do‐IMRT arm (0% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.016). Two‐year locoregional control was 89.2% in Do‐IMRT and 78.5% in S‐IMRT (p = 0.261).ConclusionDARS can be spared in PO‐OCSCC patients treated with Do‐IMRT without compromising coverage of the target volumes. Limiting doses to DARS leads to lesser acute and late toxicity without compromising locoregional control.