bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI of Parkinson's disease
Authors: O'Neill Joseph , Schuff Norbert , Marks William J. , Feiwell Robert , Aminoff Michael J. , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the substantia nigra, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex were performed on 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 13 age‐matched, healthy control subjects. Compared to controls, PD patients had approximately 24% lower creatine in the region of the substantia nigra and smaller volumes of the putamen (11%), globus pallidus (16%), and prefrontal cortex (6%; allP< 0.05). No other significant between‐group differences were found in nine regions examined. Thus, quantitative MRI may show regional neurodegenerative changes outside the substantia nigra in PD but PD‐linked extranigral metabolic abnormalities, if they exist, may be difficult to detect with current1H MRS methods. In additional, exploratory tests, volumes of the caudate (r = −0.56), putamen (r = −0.66), and globus pallidus (r = −0.60; allP< 0.05) were negatively correlated with the volume of the substantia nigra pars compacta in controls. In PD these correlations did not hold. Instead, pallidal volume in PD was positively correlated with compacta volume (r = 0.64;P< 0.05). This relationship suggests that basal ganglia volumes may be influenced by dopaminergic innervation from the substantia nigra in normal and PD subjects. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Decreased phasic EMG activity during rapid eye movement sleep in treatment‐naïve Parkinson's disease: Effects of treatment with levodopa and progression of illness
Authors: Garcia‐Borreguero Diego , Caminero Ana B. , de la Llave Yolanda , Larrosa Oscar , Barrio Soledad , Granizo Juan J. , Pareja Juan A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is frequently associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and may anticipate its diagnosis by several years. We assessed the presence of motor dyscontrol during REM sleep in treatment‐naïve PD patients and investigated the putative effect of levodopa (L‐dopa) treatment on motor activity. Overnight sleep studies were performed on 15 previously untreated PD patients and 14 controls at baseline, again after a 3‐ to 9‐month treatment period with a low dose of L‐dopa, and 2 to 5 days after treatment discontinuation (in 8 patients). No differences in sleep parameters were observed across groups or treatment conditions. None of the patients met criteria for RBD at baseline, whereas 5 patients were symptomatic at the time of the second sleep study. A quantitative analysis of electromyographic (EMG) activity during REM sleep showed a lower phasic twitching activity in untreated PD than in controls. However, an increase in both phasic twitching and tonic activity was found after treatment with L‐dopa. Discontinuation of treatment resulted in a return to pretreatment values of phasic but not of tonic EMG activity. Thus, the increase in phasic activity seems to depend on the effects of L‐dopa, whereas the increase in tonic EMG activity during REM sleep might be caused by other factors such as the progression of disease. Potential implications for the understanding of the relationship between RBD and PD are discussed. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Quality of life in stiff person syndrome
Authors: Gerschlager Willibald , Schrag Anette , Brown Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare, chronic disorder characterized by painful spasm and stiffness. We investigated the quality of life (QoL) in SPS patients, and identified factors associated with impairment in patients' QoL. Twenty‐four SPS patients (10 men, 14 women; mean age ± S.D., 52.6 ± 9.5 years) completed the medical outcomes study Short Form health survey (SF‐36), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and a questionnaire asking for sociodemographic and clinical details. Extent of the disease was assessed using a distribution of stiffness score. SPS patients showed markedly reduced mean scores for all dimensions of the SF‐36 when compared to norms from the general population of the United Kingdom. QoL scores showed a strong correlation with the extent of the disease. Depression was a common finding; 14 of 24 patients had depressive symptoms as evidenced by the BDI. There was a significant and strong correlation between the BDI score and several SF‐36 subscores. This is the first study to address QoL in patients with SPS. We have shown that SPS has a significant impact on patients' reported QoL. The association between depression and QoL highlights the importance of recognizing and treating depression in SPS. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Electrophysiological evaluation of pharyngeal phase of swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ertekin Cumhur , Tarlaci Sultan , Aydogdu Ibrahim , Kiylioglu Nefati , Yuceyar Nur , Turman A. Bulent , Secil Yaprak , Esmeli Figen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied the various physiological aspects of oropharyngeal swallowing in Parkinson's disease (PD). Fifty‐eight patients with PD were investigated by clinical and electrophysiological methods that measured the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing. All patients except 1 had mild to moderate degree of disability score. Dysphagia was demonstrated in 53% of all patients in whom the test of dysphagia limit was abnormal. All PD patients with or without dysphagia displayed the following abnormalities: (1) the triggering of the swallowing reflex was prolonged probably due to inadequate bolus control in the mouth and tongue and/or a specific delay in the execution of the swallowing reflex; (2) the duration of the pharyngeal reflex time was extremely prolonged due to slowness of the sequential muscle movements, especially those of the suprahyoid‐submental muscles; (3) cricopharyngeal muscle of the upper oesophageal sphincter was found to be electrophysiologically normal; and (4) the electrophysiological phenomena in PD patients could not be strongly correlated with the degree of the disability and clinical score of the PD. It was concluded that various motor disorders of PD have considerable influence on oropharyngeal swallowing: hypokinesia, reduced rate of spontaneous swallowing, and the slowness of segmented but coordinated sequential movements rather than any abnormalities in the central pattern generator of the bulbar center. Some compensatory mechanisms in the course of PD may explain the benign nature of swallowing disorder until the terminal stage of the disease. Similarly, the swallowing problems of PD are not only related with the dopamine deficiency; some other nondopaminergic mechanisms may also be involved. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Dopa‐responsive parkinsonism phenotype of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
Authors: Lu Chin‐Song , Wu Chou Yah‐Huei , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Tsai Chon‐Haw , Chen Rou‐Shayn , Chang Hsiu‐Chen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on 2 brothers, Patients 1 and 2, who presented with a similar clinical syndrome consisting of resting tumor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and dysarthria at the ages of 40 and 43 years, respectively. An excellent response to levodopa therapy was observed throughout the disease course. No gait or limb ataxia, slow saccades, or decreased tendon reflexes were detected, but unsteadiness of gait with propulsion developed recently in Patient 1 approximately 25 years after disease onset. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated mild atrophy of the pons and cerebellum in Patient 1 and cerebellar atrophy in Patient 2. Expanded CAG repeats, numbering 36, in one allele of the ataxin‐2 gene were identified in Patient 1 only; his brother was not available for this investigation. With [99mTc]TRODAT‐1 single photon emission computed tomography of the brain, a significant bilateral and asymmetrical reduction of striatal dopamine transporters was found in Patient 1 compared to healthy controls. This bilateral reduction of striatal dopamine transporters resembled that observed in a set of controls with Parkinson's disease who had asymmetrical impairment. These results suggest that patients with familial parkinsonism who present with typical Parkinson's disease should be screened for the genetic defect of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. The presynaptic impairment of nigrostriatal function is very likely to be the reason for levodopa responsiveness. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Generalised dystonia with an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal in the basal ganglia: A case of adult‐onset GM1 gangliosidosis
Authors: Campdelacreu Jaume , Muñoz Esteban , Gómez Beatriz , Pujol Teresa , Chabás Amparo , Tolosa Eduardo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a 46‐year‐old woman with adult‐onset generalised dystonia and a severe speech disorder with an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal in the basal ganglia. A storage disease study demonstrated the presence of a GM1 gangliosidosis. This rare condition should be investigated in cases of generalised dystonia, especially in those cases with other features suggesting symptomatic dystonia. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Systematic evaluation of rating scales for impairment and disability in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ramaker Claudia , Marinus Johan , Stiggelbout Anne Margarethe , van Hilten Bob Johannes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe assessed the clinometric characteristics of rating scales used for the evaluation of motor impairment and disability of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), conducting a systematic review of PD rating scales published from 1960 to the present. Thirty studies describing clinometrics of 11 rating scales used for PD were identified. Outcome measures included validity (including factor structure), reliability (internal consistency, inter‐rater, and intrarater) and responsiveness. We traced three impairment scales (Webster, Columbia University Rating Scale [CURS] and Parkinson's Disease Impairment Scale), four disability scales (Schwab and England, Northwestern University Disability Scale [NUDS], Intermediate Scale for Assessment of PD, and Extensive Disability Scale), and four scales evaluating both impairment and disability (New York University, University of California Los Angeles, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS], and Short Parkinson Evaluation Scale). The scales showed large differences in the extent of representation of items related to signs considered responsive to dopaminergic treatment or to those signs that appear late in the disease course and lack responsiveness to treatment. Regardless of the scale, there was a conspicuous lack of consistency concerning inter‐rater reliability of bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Overall disability items displayed moderate to good inter‐rater reliability. The available evidence shows that CURS, NUDS, and UPDRS have moderate to good reliability and validity. In contrast to their widespread clinical use for assessment of impairment and disability in PD, the majority of the rating scales have either not been subjected to an extensive clinometric evaluation or have demonstrated clinometric shortcomings. The CURS, NUDS, and UPDRS are the most evaluated, valid, and reliable scales currently available. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Translation and validation of the standard Chinese version of PDQ‐39: A quality‐of‐life measure for patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tsang Kin‐Lun , Chi Iris , Ho Shu‐Leong , Lou Vivian Weiqun , Lee Tatia M.C. , Chu Leung‐Wing 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPDQ‐39 has been widely used in the research and clinical management of Parkinson's disease. It has been translated into and validated in various non‐English languages. We report here on the validity and reliability results for the translated standard Chinese PDQ‐39 questionnaire. Fifty‐four patients were recruited from a movement disorder clinic and two regional patient groups, and data were collected by direct interview. Nineteen patients had the tests repeated 4 weeks later to assess the test–retest and interrater reliability. The standard Chinese version of PDQ‐39 demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.54–0.90) and was comparable to versions in other languages. Further analysis showed good construct validity and test–retest reliability. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Structure, function, and regulation of renal organic anion transporters
Authors: You Guofeng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRenal elimination of anionic drugs, xenobiotics, and toxins is necessary for the survival of mammalian species. This process is mediated by vectorial transport from blood to urine through the cooperative functions of specific transporters in the basolateral and apical membranes of the proximal tubule epithelium. The first step of this process is the extraction of organic anions from the peritubular blood plasma into proximal tubule cells largely through the organic anion transporter (OAT) pathway. Therefore, the OAT pathway is one of the major sites for body drug clearance/detoxification. As a result, it is also the site for drug–drug interaction and drug‐induced nephrotoxicity. To maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize toxicity, the structure‐function relationships of OATs and their regulation must be defined. The recent cloning and identification of OATs have paved the way for such investigations. This review summarizes the available data on the general properties of OATs, focusing in particular on the recent progress made from the author's laboratory as well as from other's, on the molecular characterization of the structure‐function relationships of OATs and their regulatory mechanisms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 6, 602–616, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10019
Sulfotransferases and sulfated oligosaccharides
Authors: Honke Koichi , Taniguchi Naoyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractStructural diversity of the sugar chains attached to proteins and lipids that arises from the variety of combinations of different monosaccharides, different types of linkages, branch formation and secondary modifications, such as sulfation, possesses a large amount of biological information. A number of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids contain sulfated carbohydrates. Their sulfate groups provide a negative charge and play a role in a specific molecular recognition process. The sulfation of oligosaccharides is catalyzed by the Golgi‐associated sulfotransferases. Recent success in molecular cloning of these sulfotransferases has brought a breakthrough in the understanding of biological function of sulfated oligosaccharides in a variety of contexts. Investigations on the relationship of sulfated oligosaccharides to human diseases including hereditary deficiency, cancer, inflammation, and infection may provide hints for curing disastrous diseases. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 6, 637–654, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10020
Visco‐elasto‐plastic model for martensitic phase transformation in shape‐memory alloys
Authors: Plecháč Petr , Roubíček Tomáš 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEvolution of fine structure in martensite undergoing an isothermal process is modelled on a microscopic level by using a positive homogeneous dissipation potential which can reflect a specific energy needed for a phase transformation between different variants of martensite. The model thus naturally incorporates an activation phenomenon. Existence of a weak solution is proved together with convergence of finite‐element approximations. Numerical experiments showing the expected rate‐independent hysteresis response are also presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global existence of weak‐type solutions for models of monotone type in the theory of inelastic deformations
Authors: Chełmiński Krzysztof 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article introduces the notion of weak‐type solutions for systems of equations from the theory of inelastic deformations, assuming that the considered model is of monotone type (for the definition see [Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1998, vol. 1682]). For the boundary data associated with the initial‐boundary value problem and satisfying the safe‐load condition the existence of global in time weak‐type solutions is proved assuming that the monotone model is rate‐independent or of gradient type. Moreover, for models possessing an additional regularity property (see Section 5) the existence of global solutions in the sense of measures, defined by Temam in Archives for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 95: 137, is obtained, too. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of five rearranged abietane diterpenoids
Authors: Rodríguez Benjamín 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn NMR study of five highly functionalized and rearranged abietane diterpenoids is described. In addition to 1D NMR methods, including 1D NOESY spectra, 2D shift‐correlated experiments [1H, 13C‐gHSQC‐1J (C,H) and 1H, 13C‐gHMBC‐nJ (C,H) (n = 2 and 3)] were used for the complete and unambiguous 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of these substances. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ENDOR study of oxomolybdenum(V) tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes; identification of couplings to boron and other heteroatoms
Authors: Farley Robert D. , Hoefer Peter , Maher John P. , McCleverty Jon A. , Murphy Damien M. , Rowlands Christopher C. , Ân Ung Van , Ward Michael D. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract11B hyperfine and quadrupolar couplings have been observed by the electron magnetic resonance techniques electron nuclear double resonance and hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy for some tris(pyrazolyl)borato‐oxomolybdenum(V) and related nitrosyl complexes including a dinuclear B–B linked complex. The spectra are interpreted according to the electron delocalization onto the ligands, especially the pyrazolylborate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of gelatinases and their tissue inhibitors in rat corpus luteum during pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Li Qing‐Lei , Wang Hong‐Mei , Lin Hai‐Yan , Liu Dong‐Lin , Zhang Xuan , Liu Guo‐Yi , Qian Dong , Zhu Cheng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExtensive tissue remodeling occurs in the corpus luteum (CL) during both formation and luteolysis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are believed to play pivotal roles in these processes. In the present study, to evaluate the potential roles of matrix degrading proteases in luteal development and regression, we examined gelatinases and TIMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3 mRNA expressions, as well as gelatinase activity in rat CL during pregnancy and postpartum using Northern blot, in situ hybridization, and gelatin zymography, respectively. The results showed that MMP‐2 mRNA was only expressed at the early stages of pregnancy; TIMP‐2 mRNA was highly expressed at the early and late pregnancy and day 1 postpartum, but could not be detected during the mid‐phase of pregnancy; TIMP‐3 mRNA expression was abundant during early pregnancy and peaked at day 7, but was absent from other time points examined. MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 mRNAs in rat CL were below detectable level in the current study. Furthermore, the active MMP‐2 was only present during the early stages of pregnancy, and no MMP‐9 activity was observed in the zymogram. Taken together, our results suggest that MMP‐2 and TIMP‐3 may have functional roles in rat luteal formation, while TIMP‐2 may be implicated in both formation and regression of the pregnant CL. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 273–281, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth, development, and gene expression by in vivo‐ and in vitro‐produced day 7 and 16 bovine embryos
Authors: Bertolini Marcelo , Beam Stephen W. , Shim Hosup , Bertolini Luciana R. , Moyer Alice L. , Famula Thomas R. , Anderson Gary B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of the embryo production system on growth and transcription rate of day 7 and 16 bovine embryos were investigated. In vivo‐ (controls) and in vitro‐produced (IVP) embryos were transferred to female recipients on day 7 of development, and were allowed to develop in a synchronous uterine environment to day 16. Embryonic transcripts for insulin‐like growth factors‐1 and ‐2 (IGF‐1 and ‐2), their receptors (IGF‐1r and ‐2r), facilitative glucose transporters‐1 and ‐3 (Glut‐1 and ‐3), and interferon‐τ (IFN‐τ) were determined by real‐time quantitative PCR (TaqMan®); gender diagnosis was performed on day 16 concepti only. On day 7, IVP embryos presented lower mRNA levels than controls (P < 0.05), but these differences were generally reduced on day 16. No IGF‐1 transcripts were detected on day 7, but a low IGF‐1 mRNA level was observed in day 16 embryos. In the IVP group, IFN‐τ mRNA levels were lower on day 7 (P < 0.05), but higher than controls on day 16 (P < 0.05). Control embryos showed a temporal decrease in the relative transcription from day 7 to 16 (P < 0.05), except IGF‐1 mRNA. On day 16, IVP concepti were shorter and displayed smaller embryonic discs (P < 0.05). Female concepti were generally smaller than males, and IGF‐2r mRNA and growth were negatively correlated. The in vitro production of bovine embryos negatively affected the amount of gene expression on day 7 and the rate of development on day 16. Physical traits and transcriptional activity on day 16 were associated with one another, which appeared to be significant for growth and development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 318–328, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitellogenin precursors in the liver of the oviparous lizard, Podarcis sicula
Authors: Rosanova Patrizia , Romano Maurizio , Marciano Raffaella , Anteo Chiara , Limatola Ermelinda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn reptiles, as in the other oviparous vertebrates, vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis is stimulated in the liver by ovarian estrogens. In this article, the presence of VTG precursors was detected in liver subcellular fractions of the oviparous lizard, Podarcis sicula, in the reproductive period. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth microsomal fraction (SMF), which includes smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, were separated by means of two different sucrose gradients. The successful separation was controlled at the electron microscope. The contents of the different compartments were extracted by means of n‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopiranoside detergent and subjected to SDS–PAGE. Western Blotting with homologous anti/VTG antibody revealed two immunoreactive proteins of about 84 and 70 kDa in the RER, and four proteins of about 180, 150, 60, 50 kDa in the SMF; all these proteins appeared phosphorylated and glycosylated. The differences in the molecular weight of these VTG precursors are discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 349–354, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.