bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early transcription factor GATA‐2 is expressed in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Schneider Eva‐Maria , Torlakovic Emina , Stühler Albert , Diehl Volker , Tesch Hans , Giebel Bernd 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) are thought to be derived from germinal centre B‐cells in almost all cases. However, expression profiling has revealed that HRS cells do not show a germinal centre B‐cell‐like phenotype. Although the nature of this aberrant phenotype and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown, it has been reported that the activity of NOTCH1 plays an important role in the growth and survival of HRS cells. In some leukaemic cell lines, the effect of Notch signalling is mediated by the early transcription factor GATA‐2. This and the fact that HRS cells lack expression of PU.1, which can repress Gata‐2, led to an investigation of GATA‐2 expression in HRS cells. GATA‐2 expression was found in all the cHL‐derived cell lines studied, but not in a Burkitt lymphoma‐derived cell line. In addition, 50% of biopsies from patients with cHL contained GATA‐2‐expressing HRS cells. In contrast, neither normal germinal centre B‐cells nor malignant cells of nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma or diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma expressed GATA‐2. Thus, GATA‐2 expression was found specifically in HRS cells of cHL, suggesting that GATA‐2 is important in establishing the abnormal B‐cell phenotype of HRS cells. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculating the Flexure Resistance of Bulk Solids Transported on Belt Conveyors
Authors: Wheeler Craig A. , Roberts Alan W. , Jones Mark G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBelt conveyors are used extensively in the mining and mineral processing industries to transport bulk solid. As industry demands arise and conveying technology improves, belt conveyor installations are becoming progressively longer and belt speeds significantly faster. With longer conveying distances it becomes increasingly important to accurately calculate the motion resistances at the design stage, with the view of minimising these resistances to improve the efficiency of the installation. The motion resistances that occur along the length of the conveyor are known as the main resistances and include the belt and bulk solid flexure resistance, the rotational resistance of the idler rolls and the indentation rolling resistance of the conveyor belt.
Functional Analysis of Tube Chain Conveyors
Authors: Krause Friedrich , Katterfeld André 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper describes some of the aspects necessary for the design and use of tube chain conveyors. It is based on the reports of experienced experts and recent tube chain conveyor experimental results. The aim of the research work is the formulation of general technical regulations for tube chain conveyors. Theoretical models were developed, which allow the calculation of the motion resistances in all parts of the conveyor by the use of empirical extracted correction factors. Specially designed measurement equipment enabled the measurement of the important chain tractive force from the closed tube system. The measurements show the influence of the major operational parameters and the bulk solid properties.
Compaction of Powders due to Vibrations and Shocks
Authors: Linemann Roman , Runge Jürgen , Sommerfeld Martin , Weißgüttel Udo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBulk density and compactibility of bulk materials play an important role in process engineering. Reliable data are required for dimensioning plants and for supplying load data for static design. Furthermore, the data are useful for the production of sintered materials or catalyst beds and the characterization of bulk materials. While compression by normal stress can be reproduced and mathematically described, the influence of shocks and vibrations remains very poorly understood. All known standard methods for bulk material compression under vibrations and shocks are based on individual equipment. The parameters of shocks or vibrations, however, have not yet been defined. Therefore, an investigation was carried out to examine the influence of uniaxial stress and defined shocks and vibrations on bulk material compression. The shocks and vibrations were controlled by an electrodynamic shaker. The first results for highly disperse Kaolin powders are presented. Using the chosen parameters, the random mode and the uniaxial compression cause the highest increase in density. High compression rates can also be obtained by shocks. With sinusoidal vibrations much lower bulk densities can be reached.
Association of CYP17, GSTP1, and PON1 polymorphisms with the risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Antognelli Cinzia , Mearini Luigi , Talesa Vincenzo Nicola , Giannantoni Antonella , Mearini Ettore 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary factors, life‐style as well as environmental conditions may contribute to the risk of prostate tumor together with genetic susceptibility, that may be an important factor in determining who is more likely to develop prostate malignancy. We have undertaken a case‐control study in order to elucidate the association between polymorphisms in some metabolizing genes with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa).METHODSPolymorphisms of three xenobiotic genes (CYP17, GSTP1, PON1) were characterized in 384 patients with untreated PCa and 360 age‐matched control patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). All polymorphisms were investigated by PCR/RFLP methods using DNA from lymphocytes.RESULTSWe found that men with the CYP17/A1A1–A1A2 genotypes, GSTP1/IleVal genotype, PON192/QR and PON55/LM–MM genotypes had a significantly higher risk of PCa compared with the others genotypes.CONCLUSIONSThe three polymorphisms appear to be common genetic traits that are associated with an increased risk for PCa: the analysis of them all in each single case may be a predictable factor, particularly among groups exposed to PCa‐related carcinogens. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiferromagnetic phase of a 2‐D Wigner crystal
Authors: Rajeswarapalanichamy R. , Iyakutti K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe antiferromagnetic phase of a 2‐D Wigner crystal is investigated, using a localized representation for electrons. In our model, the electrons are located at the lattice sites of a face‐centered square lattice (corresponding to bcc in the 3‐D case). This lattice may be thought of as consisting of two equivalent interpenetrating sublattices. The ground‐state energies of the antiferromagnetic phase of a 2‐D Wigner electron crystal are computed with uniform neutralizing, Gaussian‐type, and Yukawa‐type positive backgrounds in the range of rs = 5 to 130. The role of correlation energy is suitably taken into account. The possibility of the antiferromagnetic phase of the 2‐D Wigner crystal having a square or circle as the region of occupation in momentum space is also analyzed. The low‐density region favorable for the antiferromagnetic phase of Wigner crystallization is found to be at rs = 7.0. Our results agree well with experimental and other theoretical results for the 2‐D Wigner crystal. The structure‐dependent Wannier functions, which give proper localized representation for Wigner electrons, are constructed and employed in the calculation for the first time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Partial characterization of glycosphingolipids of Agelas sponges in their peracetylated form by liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Szilágyi Zoltán , Pócsfalvi Gabriella , Costantino Valeria , Mangoni Alfonso , Malorni Antonio , Fattorusso Ernesto 
Published: November 2004

AbstractElectrospray ionization (ESI) and liquid secondary ionization (LSI) mass spectrometry were applied for characterization of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) isolated in their peracetylated form from four Agelas marine sponge species. Since peracetylated glycosphingolipids are not soluble in solvents traditionally used for ESI, lithium chloride was added to the samples in order to obtain lithium cationized molecules. Although the preferred fragmentation seems to be the sequential loss of acetic acid molecules, it was found that tandem mass spectra obtained from peracetylated diglycosyl ceramides might provide direct information about the structure of the long‐chain base (formation of W″/Z0 fragments). The utility of ESI and LSI in the analysis of these compounds has also been compared. It was found that the tandem mass spectra obtained by LSI‐MS/MS experiments could provide information about the chain‐length (carbon atom number) variations within a certain ceramide mass. Thus, from one of our samples, 25 different ceramide compositions have been identified from 8 precursor (Z0) ions. Comparison of the two ionization modes (LSI and ESI) highlights the fact that molecular mass distributions obtained by LSI‐MS, especially the presence of unsaturated species, have to be interpreted carefully. For the first time a direct high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ESI‐MS method was used for characterization of complex mixtures of peracetylated GSLs. The results demonstrate that HPLC/ESI‐MS is able to analyze mono‐ and diglycosylated GSLs, and other kinds of glycolipids that are actually present in the sample. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope‐coded N‐terminal sulfonation of peptides allows quantitative proteomic analysis with increased de novo peptide sequencing capability
Authors: Lee Yong Ho , Han Hoon , Chang Seok‐Bok , Lee Sang‐Won 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecently various methods for the N‐terminal sulfonation of peptides have been developed for the mass spectrometric analyses of proteomic samples to facilitate de novo sequencing of the peptides produced. This paper describes the isotope‐coded N‐terminal sulfonation (ICenS) of peptides; this procedure allows both de novo peptide sequencing and quantitative proteomics to be studied simultaneously. As N‐terminal sulfonation reagents, 13C‐labeled 4‐sulfophenyl[13C6]isothiocyanate (13C‐SPITC) and unlabeled 4‐sulfophenyl isothiocyanate (12C‐SPITC) were synthesized. The experimental and reference peptide mixtures were derivatized independently using 13C‐SPITC and 12C‐SPITC and then combined to generate an isotopically labeled peptide mixture in which each isotopic pair differs in mass by 6 Da. Capillary reverse‐phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry experiments on the resulting peptide mixtures revealed several immediate advantages of ICenS in addition to the de novo sequencing capability of N‐terminal sulfonation, namely, differentiation between N‐terminal sulfonated peptides and unmodified peptides in mass spectra, differentiation between N‐ and C‐terminal fragments in tandem mass spectra of multiply protonated peptides by comparing fragmentations of the isotopic pairs, and relative peptide quantification between proteome samples. We demonstrate that the combination of N‐terminal sulfonation and isotope coding in the mass spectrometric analysis of proteomic samples is a viable method that overcomes many problems associated with current N‐terminal sulfonation methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic community‐based theory of firms: case study of dialectical management at NTT DoCoMo
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe greatest issue that leading corporations are facing in the twenty‐first century is how they can achieve innovation in a speedy yet reliable manner. For example, on one side of this double‐faceted issue is speed in introducing innovative new products and services to market ahead of the competition, while on the other side is expansion of the market for these products and services. To attain success, leading companies need to balance a variety of paradoxes both inside and outside the organization and exercise their practical abilities. In this paper, the author discusses a case of innovation by NTT DoCoMo, Inc. (DoCoMo), in becoming the first leading mobile telecommunications carrier in the world to offer mobile Internet services, and analyzes this case from the viewpoint of the paradox perspective on organizational performance. In this case, a leadership‐based strategic community uses the practical method of dialectical management that includes top management to merge and integrate the community competences of an existing traditional community infrastructure with a new, creative community infrastructure and promote an emergent yet deliberate integrative strategy. With the integrative competences generated by this leadership‐based strategic community, DoCoMo balances paradoxes such as creativity and efficiency to achieve innovations in creating and propagating new services. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic process accounting. Full disclosure
Authors: Swanson G. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractRecent economic events may be forcing the current system of public disclosure of financial information to an evolutionary cusp. The current system of disclosure has been developing over the last seven decades. It was born in an effort to introduce governance to markets without interfering with their useful processes. A choice was made against government regulation and for required public disclosure backed by an independent auditor function. The realization of the degree of auditor independence envisioned and needed has been evasive. It now seems necessary to enhance the disclosure aspect of the system to offset the weakness of achievable auditor independence. This article suggests that fairly minor changes in currently used accounting information systems can support public disclosure of the actual measurements taken by accountants on economic processes. These values should be disclosed to support the accountant‐adjusted values, much like a physician's disclosure of medical test results supports his or her diagnosis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying systems modelling to public health
Authors: Fahey D. K. , Carson E. R. , Cramp D. G. , Muir Gray J. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPublic health is complex and previous work has demonstrated the value of systems modelling in understanding its complexity. Today the need for systems modelling in public health has increased because the delivery of the public health function is being re‐engineered with an additional layer of complexity. The service is now more distributed and as a consequence there is a demand that information and communication technologies (ICT) should be employed to a greater extent in ensuring public health provision. It is essential that a good public health service is maintained within this new framework and the public health network (PHN) has been proposed as the solution. We aim to demonstrate the potential value of systems modelling in this newly re‐engineered public health environment by showing how it can be used to convert the complex input of the public health network project into a realistic, holistic and potentially successful plan to implement and evaluate the network. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Anticipatory Obedience” and the Nazi Implementation of the Holocaust in the Ukraine: A Case Study of Central and Peripheral Forces in the Generalbezirk Zhytomyr, 1941–1944
Authors: Lower Wendy 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Numerous recent studies of the Holocaust as it occurred in the occupied Soviet territories have shifted attention from the central German leadership to the role of regional officials and administrators. The following case study offers an example of the ways central Nazi leaders directly and indirectly shaped the Holocaust at the regional level. In Zhytomyr the presence of Himmler, Hitler, and their SS-Police retinues created a unique setting in which the interaction of center and periphery can be traced. On this basis the author argues for the reconsideration of Berlin's role in regional events generally.
Target Auschwitz: Historical and Hypothetical German Responses to Allied Attack
Authors: White Joseph Robert 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Even a successful Allied bombing campaign against the killing center at Auschwitz-Birkenau probably would not have crippled the “Final Solution.” After detailing the Allied campaign against the neighboring IG Farben chemical plant (IG Auschwitz) and Auschwitz's defensive preparations, the following article argues on the basis of three factors that Nazi genocide would have continued at a ghastly pace: SS reaction to previous bombings, then-recent innovations in killing and victim-disposal systems, and the character of the Auschwitz leadership in the summer of 1944.
Women and the Holocaust: Four Recent Titles
Authors: Grossmann Atina 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Double Jeopardy: Gender and the Holocaust, Judith Tydor Baumel (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1998), 320 pp., $52.50.
Women's Holocaust Writing: Memory and Imagination, S. Lillian Kremer (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999), 278 pp., $45.00.
Women and the Holocaust: Narrative and Representation, vol. 22 of Studies in the Shoah, Esther Fuchs, ed. (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999), 168 pp., $47.00.
Facing Fascism and Confronting the Past: German Women Writers from Weimar to the Present, Elke P. Frederiksen and Martha Kaarsberg Wallach, eds. (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000), 388 pp., $29.95.
The Ambivalence of Italian Antisemitism: Fascism, Nationalism, and Racism in Trieste
Authors: Hametz Maura E. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The film Life Is Beautiful presented a fantastic vision of the Italian experience of the Holocaust. Emphasizing Italians' mischievous love of life and inherent humanity amidst violence perpetrated by others—generally Germans or misguided Fascists—it perpetuated a stereotype of “good Italians” that pervades the popular media and infuses scholarship as well. This image, combined with the fact that eighty-five percent of Italian Jews survived the Holocaust, has helped Italians to avoid censure for involvement in the persecution of Jews. Yet Fascist racial policies and attitudes had a devastating effect on Italy's Jewish communities. In the case of Trieste, by May 1945 only ten percent of the city's prewar Jewish population remained there.
Wilkie Collins on Music and Musicians
Authors: Atlas Allan W. 
Published: November 2004

On 21 November 1853, Charles Dickens wrote to his wife from Florence, complaining about his friend and travelling-companion, fellow novelist Wilkie Collins:On music too, he is very learned, and sometimes almost drives me into a frenzy by humming and whistling whole overtures -with not one movement correctly remembered from the beginning to the end. I was obliged to ask him, the day before yesterday, to leave off whistling the overture to William Tell. ‘For by Heaven,’ said I, ‘there's something the matter with your ear — it must be the cotton which plays the Devil with the commonest tune.’
‘Ich singe, wie der Vogel singt’: Reflections on Nature and Genre in Wolf's Setting of Goethe's Der Sänger
Authors: Glauert Amanda 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLawrence Kramer has highlighted some of the myths that surround early writing on Wolf — in particular the myth that he was able to realize a poem's ‘natural breath’ by submitting his identity entirely to the poet's. Kramer prefers to link Wolf with the figure of the harper from Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, casting him as a musician who is compelled to reflect his own inadequacy. Yet such a picture still underestimates the complexity of the Lieder composer's role, as suggested by Goethe and confirmed by Wolf. In the ballad Der Sänger Goethe disturbed early Romantic conceptions of the lyric by implying the harper was aware of how his ‘song’ both failed and succeeded in the hoped-for communication with his listeners. Wolf's own layered interpretation of Der Sänger takes the challenge to our understanding of the lyric one stage further; it thus offers a crucial clarification of the potential of the musical Lied as the composer's vehicle for active and effective criticism.
The Garrick Papers: Provenance, Publication, and Reception
Authors: Smith Nicholas 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The Garrick Papers are among the brightest literary jewels in the Forster Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum. This article reconstructs their provenance, along with that of significant deposits of Garrick’s correspondence held elsewhere, and examines the circumstances that led to their publication in 1831–1832. It uses unpublished manuscripts, Chancery records, and annotated sale catalogues to identify the chain of ownership between 1822, when the executors of Eva Maria Garrick (1724–1822), the actor’s widow, found them in two cabinets at her Thames-side villa at Hampton, and 1876, when they were bequeathed to the South Kensington Museum. It reveals the original order of Garrick’s epistolary archive, and his and others’ involvement in its appraisal and arrangement, the various depredations and augmentations that occurred during the fifty years that followed Eva Maria Garrick’s death, and the early critical reception and publishing history of the printed editions of Garrick’s correspondence.
Do post-take ward round proformas improve communication and influence quality of patient care?
Authors: Thompson A G , Jacob K , Fulton J , McGavin C R 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The post-take ward round is a critical time for reviewing the initial history, examination and results, and the stage at which further treatment and investigations will be determined. However documentation of this ward round is often inadequate, so the benefits of decision making are lost. The documentation of 95 ward rounds was assessed for key items of information before and after the introduction of a proforma sheet. The introduction of the proforma led to a significant improvement in the documentation of a diagnosis, management plan, prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis, and resuscitation status (p&lt;0.05), which will have a significant impact on patient care.
Management of portal hypertension
Authors: Samonakis D N , Triantos C K , Thalheimer U , Patch D W , Burroughs A K 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTreatment of portal hypertension is evolving based on randomised controlled trials. In acute variceal bleeding, prophylactic antibiotics are mandatory, reducing mortality as well as preventing infections. Terlipressin or somatostatin combined with endoscopic ligation or sclerotherapy is the best strategy for control of bleeding but there is no added effect of vasoactive drugs on mortality. Non-selective β-blockers are the first choice therapy for both secondary and primary prevention; if contraindications or intolerance to β-blockers are present then band ligation should be used. Novel therapies target the increased intrahepatic resistance caused by microcirculatory intrahepatic deficiency of nitric oxide and contraction of activated intrahepatic stellate cells.
Avoiding laboratory pitfalls in infectious diseases
Authors: Lo T S , Smego R A 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
In today’s medical care environment, clinicians are challenged to order clinically relevant, cost effective laboratory tests and antibiotic therapy. Together, physicians and laboratories must have guidelines and strategies that can provide quality patient care, while minimising costs and preventing further emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance. Five clinical vignettes that demonstrate these principles are presented.