bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of caspase‐3 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in cobalt chloride‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells
Authors: Zou Weiguo , Zeng Jiping , Zhuo Ming , Xu Weijing , Sun Lanying , Wang Jinxing , Liu Xinyuan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur previous study showed that cobalt chloride (CoCl2) could induce PC12 cell apoptosis and that the CoCl2‐treated PC12 cells may serve as a simple in vitro model for the study of the mechanism of hypoxia‐linked neuronal disorders. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of CoCl2‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Caspases are known to be involved in the apoptosis induced by various stimuli in many cell types. To investigate the involvement of caspases in CoCl2‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, we generated PC12 cells that stably express the viral caspases inhibitor gene p35 and analyzed the effect of p35 on the process of apoptosis induced by CoCl2. We also examined the effect of cell‐permeable peptide inhibitors of caspases. The results showed that the baculovirus p35 gene and the general caspases inhibitor Z‐VAD‐FMK significantly block apoptosis induced by CoCl2, confirming that caspase is involved in CoCl2‐induced apoptosis. Further investigation showed that in this process the caspase‐3‐like activity is increased, as indicated by the cells' ability to cleave the fluorogenic peptide substrate Ac‐Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp‐7‐AMC and to degrade the DNA‐repairing enzyme poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), an endogenous caspase‐3 substrate. At the same time, caspase‐3‐specific inhibitors, namely, the peptide Ac‐DEVD‐CHO, Ac‐DEVD‐FMK, partially inhibit CoCl2‐induced apoptosis. These findings suggested that caspase‐3 or caspase‐3‐like proteases are involved in the apoptosis induced by CoCl2 in PC12 cells. Additionally, we have observed that another apoptotic marker, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), is significantly activated in this process in a time‐dependent manner and that a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, partially inhibits this cell death. The addition of SB203580 also partially suppresses caspase‐3‐like activity. All these results confirm that the CoCl2‐treated PC12 cell is a useful in vitro model with which to study hypoxia‐linked neuronal disorders. Furthermore, the results showing that the baculovirus p35 gene and caspase inhibitors possess a remarkable ability to rescue PC12 cells from CoCl2‐induced cell death may have implications for future neuroprotective therapeutic approaches for the hypoxia‐associated disorders. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypothalamic paraventricular axons projecting to the female rat lumbosacral spinal cord contain oxytocin immunoreactivity
Authors: Puder Barbara A. , Papka Raymond E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOxytocin‐containing axons project from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to the neurohypophysis and thoracic spinal cord to ultimately influence uterine contractions and autonomic activity, respectively. Whether or not oxytocin‐immunoreactive axons project to the female rat lumbosacral spinal cord to influence autonomic outflow to pelvic organs has not been investigated. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the presence, distribution, and origin of oxytocin‐immunoreactive axons in the female rat lumbosacral spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry, spinal cord transections, and axonal tracing with Fluorogold, True Blue, and pseudorabies virus were used. Oxytocin‐immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the L6/S1 segments of the spinal cord. Prominent varicose axons were evident throughout the dorsal horn, along the lateral and medial collateral pathways, in the dorsal intermediate gray area, around the central canal in lamina X, and throughout the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Injection of retrograde tracer into the L6/S1 spinal cord labeled neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Transection of the thoracic spinal cord eliminated oxytocin‐immunoreactive nerve axons in the L6/S1 spinal cord. In addition, transection of the thoracic spinal cord eliminated transport of retrograde axonal tracer from the L6/S1 spinal cord to the paraventricular nucleus. Pseudorabies virus, a transneuronal retrograde tracer, injected into the uterus and cervix marked uterine‐related preganglionic neuronal cell bodies in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and uterine‐related neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Double immuno‐labeling of viral‐infected spinal cord sections showed oxytocin‐immunoreactive axons closely associated with viral labeled uterine‐related preganglionic cell bodies of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. The results of this study revealed that oxytocin‐immunoreactive neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus project axons to the lumbosacral spinal cord to areas involved in sensory processing and parasympathetic outflow to the uterus. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:53–60, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JAK/STAT signaling pathway mediates cytokine‐induced iNOS expression in primary astroglial cell cultures
Authors: Dell'Albani P. , Santangelo R. , Torrisi L. , Nicoletti V.G. , de Vellis J. , Giuffrida Stella A.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe production of nitric oxide by the calcium‐independent inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in glial cells has been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of various diseases. It is well known that in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines, such as IFN‐γ, glial cells are induced to synthesize large amount of nitric oxide (NO) (Bolaños et al., 1996; Nicoletti et al., 1998). The signaling transduction pathways for iNOS transcription in astroglial cells have however not yet been established. Because IFN‐γ receptor chains are associated with Janus tyrosine kinases (JAK1 and JAK2) (Darnell et al., 1994), we analyzed the involvement of the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway in iNOS expression. Our study shows increased JAK2 and STAT1α/β tyrosine phosphorylation in primary astroglial cell culture after treatment with IFN‐γ and LPS. A temporal correlation was observed between JAK2 and STAT1α/β tyrosine phosphorylation, the appearance of interferon‐regulatory factor‐1 (IRF‐1) mRNA and the iNOS expression. Inhibition experiments showed that JAK2 and STAT1α/β tyrosine phosphorylation were necessary for IFNγ‐mediated iNOS induction in astroglial cells. We conclude that JAK2 and STAT1α/β tyrosine phosphorylation is an early event involved in the expression of iNOS in astroglial cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:417–424, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of learning capacity and cholinergic synaptic function by carnitine in aging rats
Authors: Ando S. , Tadenuma T. , Tanaka Y. , Fukui F. , Kobayashi S. , Ohashi Y. , Kawabata T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of a carnitine derivative, acetyl‐L‐carnitine (ALCAR), on the cognitive and cholinergic activities of aging rats were examined. Rats were given ALCAR (100 mg/kg) per os for 3 months and were subjected to the Hebb‐Williams tasks and a new maze task, AKON‐1, to assess their learning capacity. The learning capacity of the ALCAR‐treated group was superior to that of the control. Cholinergic activities were determined with synaptosomes isolated from the cortices. The high‐affinity choline uptake by synaptosomes, acetylcholine synthesis in synaptosomes, and acetylcholine release from synaptosomes on membrane depolarization were all enhanced in the ALCAR group. This study indicates that chronic administration of ALCAR increases cholinergic synaptic transmission and consequently enhances learning capacity as a cognitive function in aging rats. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:266–271, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating missing daily temperature extremes using an optimized regression approach
Authors: Allen Robert J. , DeGaetano Arthur T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA variation of a least squares regression approach to estimate missing daily maximum and minimum temperatures is developed and evaluated, specifically for temperature extremes. The method focuses on obtaining accurate estimates of annual exceedence counts (e.g. the number of days greater than or equal to the 90th percentile of daily maximum temperatures), as well as counts of consecutive exceedences, while limiting the estimation error associated with each individual value.The performance of this method is compared with that of two existing methods developed for the entire temperature distribution. In these existing methods, temperature estimates are based on data from neighbouring stations using either regression or temperature departure‐based approaches.Evaluation of our approach using cold minimum and warm maximum temperatures shows that the median percentage of correctly identified exceedence counts is 97% and the median percentage of correctly identified consecutive exceedence counts is 98%. The other existing methods tend to underestimate both single and consecutive exceedence counts. Using these procedures, the estimated exceedence counts are generally less than 80% of those that actually occurred.Despite the fact that our method is tuned to estimate exceedence counts, the estimation accuracy of individual daily maximum or minimum temperatures is similar to that of the other estimation procedures. The median absolute error (MAE) using all temperatures greater than or equal to the 90th percentile (T90)−1.1°C for ten climatically diverse stations is 1.28°C for our method, while the other methods give MAEs of 1.27 and 1.17°C. In terms of median error, however, the tendency for underprediction by the existing methods is pronounced with −0.77 and −0.61°C biases. Our optimized method is relatively unbiased as the resulting mean error is −0.12°C. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
The determination of flesh productivity and protein components of some fish species after hot smoking
Authors: Ünlüsayın Mustafa , Kaleli Süleyman , Gulyavuz Hayri 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChemical changes in pike perch (Sander lucioperca L Kottelat 1997), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss WALBAUM 1792) and eel (Anguilla anguilla L 1766) after hot smoking were investigated. Some differences in water, protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate contents of the fish were established as significant (P < 0.01). The flesh productivity of fresh eel and pike perch was found to be very high. Differences in group averages of total microprotein content of fresh, smoked and stored eel, rainbow trout and pike perch were found to be significant (P < 0.01). Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis, 18 protein bands in rainbow trout, 12 bands in pike perch and 14 bands in eel were determined. Most of the bands disappeared after smoking and storage owing to denaturation of the fish proteins.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical implications of lymph node micrometastasis in patients with histologically node‐negative (pN0) esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Tsutomu , Ide Hiroko , Eguchi Reiki , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ota Masaho , Takasaki Ken 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLymph node micrometastasis is frequently detected in resected specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical implication of micrometastasis in patients with lymph node‐negative (pN0) disease.MethodsWe examined the presence of micrometastasis in 2,511 lymph nodes from 53 patients with pN0 disease who underwent curative esophagectomy. All lymph nodes and the primary tumors were immunostained using an anticytokeratin antibody cocktail (AE1/AE3).ResultsMicrometastasis was detected in 18 lymph nodes (0.72%) from 14 patients (26.4%). Detection of micrometastasis was not associated with the depth of invasion or the differentiation or lymphatic invasion. Lymph nodes containing micrometastases were widely distributed, but the most frequently involved nodes were located along the lesser curvature of the stomach. Four patients with micrometastasis (29%) and the only two patients without micrometastasis (5%) had recurrence as lymph node metastases (P = 0.036). There were no significant differences in recurrence‐free survival and disease‐specific survival between patients with micrometastasis and patients without micrometastasis.ConclusionsThese results show that micrometastasis might increase the risk of lymph node recurrence, but does not influence the survival of patients with pN0 ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:224–229. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast: The Mayo Clinic experience*
Authors: Wong William W. , Schild Steven E. , Halyard Michele Y. , Schomberg Paula J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo retrospectively evaluate the characteristics, natural history, results of treatment, and prognostic factors for patients diagnosed with primary breast lymphoma.MethodsBetween 1973 and 1998, 25 women and 1 man with the diagnosis of primary breast non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (PNHLB) were seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester and Mayo Clinic Scottsdale. Patient characteristics, treatment methods, and outcome were analyzed.ResultsThe median follow‐up for surviving patients was 6.6 years (range: 1.8–22.1 years). There were 11 low‐grade NHL, 13 intermediate‐grade NHL, and 2 high‐grade NHL. Three patients underwent mastectomy while 23 had local excision. The Ann Arbor stage of disease included: Stage I—21 patients, Stage II—5 patients. Sixteen patients received radiation after surgery (15 after biopsy, 1 after mastectomy). Chemotherapy was given to 10 patients as part of the initial treatment. Four patients with low‐grade disease were treated with excision only. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 70% and relapse‐free survival rate 42%, while local control rate was 75% and distant control rate 51%. Five‐year survival and relapse‐free survival rates for patients with low‐grade disease were 91 and 61%, respectively. Three of four patients with low‐grade disease treated with excision alone were free of local recurrence. For intermediate‐ and high‐grade PNHLB, 5‐year survival rate was 61% for those treated with chemotherapy, compared to 31% for those without chemotherapy (P = 0.35), and the 5‐year relapse‐free survival rates were 49%, compared to 0%, respectively (P = 0.0017). Three patients with intermediate‐ or high‐grade disease developed central nervous system (CNS) dissemination. On univariate analysis, Ann Arbor stage was the only significant prognostic factor for survival (P = 0.0021).ConclusionsThe management of PNHLB should be based on histologic grade. Patients with low‐grade disease may be managed with local therapy alone. The role of chemotherapy in this group is unclear. Patients with intermediate‐ or high‐grade disease have better outcome if chemotherapy is included. An unusual site of distant dissemination for these patients is the CNS. The only significant prognostic factor for survival is Ann Arbor stage. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:19–25. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disorders in blood coagulation in humans occupationally exposed to mercuric vapors
Authors: Wierzbicki Ryszard , Prażanowski Mirosław , Michalska Marta , Krajewska Urszula , Mielicki Wojciech P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChanges in blood coagulation system were studied in humans that were occupationally exposed to mercuric vapors. The following parameters were analyzed: mercury concentration in plasma, thrombin generation, thrombin‐antithrombin complexes, soluble fibrin monomers, factor XIII, protein C, platelet factor 4, and β‐thromboglobulin. There was statistically significant increase in the activity of factor XIII, concentration of platelet factor 4 and thrombin generation in plasma of workers exposed to mercuric vapors as compared with unexposed controls. There was also an increase in thrombin‐antithrombin complexes and β‐thromboglobulin concentration accompanied by a decrease in protein C activity in the workers exposed to mercury. However, the last differences were not statistically significant. The data suggest that in humans exposed to mercuric vapors the hemostatic balance is shifted on the hypercoagulative side. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:21–29, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urine analysis by laser Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Premasiri W. Ranjith , Clarke Richard H. , Womble M. Edward 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe examine the use of Raman spectroscopy to analyze components in human urine.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTargeted urine components include urea, uric acid, and creatinine.ResultsUrea concentration in urine is sufficiently high that normal Raman spectroscopy may be used for its analysis. All other components are in low concentrations requiring the use of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic methods (SERS).ConclusionsBoth normal Raman and SERS approaches have been investigated for total urine‐nitrogen determination, urine urea‐nitrogen determination, and for the urea/creatinine excretion ratio. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:330–334, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the low level laser therapy effects on cultured human gingival fibroblasts proliferation using different irradiance and same fluence*
Authors: Almeida‐Lopes Luciana , Rigau Josepa , Amaro Zângaro Renato , Guidugli‐Neto João , Marques Jaeger Márcia Martins 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objective:The low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in Dentistry to improve wound healing. In order to analyse the effect of LLLT on the in vitro proliferation of gingival fibroblasts we developed a primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts.Study Design/Materials and Methods:The cell line named LMF was grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DME) with either 5% (nutritional deficit) or 10% fetal bovine serum (fbs). Laser irradiation was carried out with diode lasers with the following wavelengths: 670 nm (L1), 780 nm (L2), 692 nm (L3), and 786 nm (L4). The fluence was fixed in 2 J/cm2. For growth analysis, control (not irradiated) and treated cultures (irradiated) were plated in 60 mm diameter culture dishes for 12 h before the irradiation.Results:We found that cells cultured in nutritional deficit condition grown in medium supplemented by only 5% fbs presented a cell proliferation rate significantly smaller that cell grown in ideal culture conditions (10% fbs). However, when irradiated, cells in nutritional deficit presented cell growth similar or higher than that of control cells grown in ideal culture conditions. Using the same fluence, the infrared laser induced a higher cell proliferation than visible laser when the power outputs were different. However, lasers of equal power output presented similar effect on cell growth independently of their wavelengths.Conclusions:The LLLT acts by improving the in vitro fibroblast proliferation and a smaller laser exposure time results in higher proliferation. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:179–184, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orofacial dyskinesias in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis: A clinicopathological case report and review
Authors: Thobois Stéphanie , Giraud Pierric , Debat Pierre , Gouttard Michel , Maurizi Anne , Perret‐Liaudet Armand , Kopp Nicolas , Broussolle Emmanuel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe the pathological and clinical aspects, including video and radiological magnetic resonance imaging, of a case of chronic acquired hepatocerebral degeneration with orofacial dyskinesias in relation to a primary biliary cirrhosis. We provide a review of the literature on this subject. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Sphincter EMG and differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Vodušek D.B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a degenerative disease manifesting a combination of parkinsonism, cerebellar, pyramidal, and autonomic (including urinary, sexual, and anorectal) dysfunction. It is pathomorphologically defined, but lacks a definitive clinical diagnostic test. Sphincter electromyography (EMG), reflecting Onuf's nucleus degeneration, has been proposed as a helpful test; its value has been reevaluated by a critical review of the literature.In patients with probable MSA, abnormal sphincter EMG, as compared to control subjects, has been found in the majority of patients in all the different forms of the disease in most studies, including patients who, as yet, have no urological or anorectal problems. The prevalence of abnormalities in the early stages of MSA is as yet unclear. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as a rule do not show severe sphincter EMG abnormalities in the early stage of the disease.Anal sphincter EMG abnormalities (abnormal spontaneous activity or motor unit potential changes three standard deviations above valid control data) distinguish MSA from PD in the first 5 years after the onset of symptoms and signs, and from pure autonomic failure, as well as from cerebellar ataxias, if other causes for sphincter denervation have been ruled out. With such criteria, the sensitivity of the method is, however, low. EMG does not distinguish MSA from progressive supranuclear palsy. Future studies should use standardized anal sphincter EMG to better compare results from different centers and precisely define the sensitivity and specificity of the method. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gordon P.H. , Frucht S.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeuroleptic malignant syndrome is a serious complication of levodopa withdrawal in patients with Parkinson's disease. We report a patient with advanced parkinsonism who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the setting of inadequate levodopa intake. His symptoms improved with levodopa replacement, but dramatically worsened when enteral feeding was begun due to interference with intestinal absorption of levodopa. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Including multibounce effects in the moment‐method physical‐optics (MMPO) method
Authors: Taboada J. M. , Obelleiro F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe hybrid moment‐method physical‐optics (MM–PO) approach has been shown to be an efficient and accurate tool to model the electromagnetic behavior of antennas installed onboard. In this paper, we present a significant improvement, based on replacing the PO solution with an iterative solution of the magnetic‐field integral equation (MFIE), which allows including multibounce effects in the PO region. Thus, the so‐called moment‐method iterative‐physical‐optics (MM–IPO) method provides significant improvements with respect to the previous MM–PO, mainly when complex geometries with multiple interaction effects are of interest. Some numerical results are presented and compared with a reference MM solution in order to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 435–439, 2002.