bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and management of premature rupture of membranes in Victoria, Australia: A retrospective cohort study of 636 590 births between 2009 and 2017
Authors: Cameron Natalie Jardine , Wertaschnigg Dagmar , Davey Mary‐Ann , Burger Renée Janne , Mol Ben Willem , Woolner Andrea Mary 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPremature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a complication affecting 7–12% of pregnancies in which fetal chorioamniotic membranes rupture before labour begins. Preterm PROM (PPROM) (ie <37 weeks gestation) precedes one‐third of preterm births, exposing the fetus to increased morbidity from placental abruption, respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis.AimTo analyse trends in the incidence and mode of birth in preterm and term PROM in Victoria, Australia between 2009 and 2017.Materials and methodsThis retrospective population‐based cohort study included all singleton pregnancies from 2009 to 2017. We examined women with PROM (both <37 weeks (PPROM) and at term). Management was assessed in three categories: (a) expectant management; (b) induction of labour (IOL); and (c) elective caesarean section (elCS). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounders influencing the choice of management.ResultsOf 636 590 singleton pregnancies, 52 669 (8.3%) births with PROM at term (42 439; 6.7%) or PPROM (10 230; 1.6%) were identified. Of these, the majority were managed expectantly (n = 22 726; 43.1%), or with IOL (25 931; 49.2%). While elCS represented only 7.6% of these cases (n = 4012), its use rose consistently from 2009 to 2017 for PROM at term and PPROM alike. For women with PPROM at 34–36 weeks the odds of elCS increased by 5% annually (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.08) and 2% for IOL (aOR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.05) vs expectant management.ConclusionsThe use of elCS and IOL in PPROM is rising in Victoria, particularly between 34 and 36 completed weeks of pregnancy. Research is needed to determine the drivers for this increase.
Expectations related to home‐based telemonitoring of high‐risk pregnancies: A qualitative study addressing healthcare providers' and users' views in Norway
Authors: Aasbø Gunvor , Staff Anne Cathrine , Blix Ellen , Pay Aase S. D. , Waldum Åsa , Rivedal Sunniva , Solbrække Kari N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionA pregnancy can be evaluated as high‐risk for the woman and/or the fetus based on medical history and on previous or ongoing pregnancy characteristics. Monitoring high‐risk pregnancies is crucial for early detection of alarming features, enabling timely intervention to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health outcomes. Home‐based telemonitoring (HBTM) is a marginally exploited opportunity in antenatal care. The aim of this study was to illuminate healthcare providers' and users' expectations and views about HBTM of maternal and fetal health in high‐risk pregnancies before implementation.Material and methodsTo address diverse perspectives regarding HBTM of high‐risk pregnancies, four different groups of experienced healthcare providers or users were interviewed (n = 21). Focus group interviews were conducted separately with midwives, obstetricians, and women who had previously experienced stillbirth. Six individual interviews were conducted with hospitalized women with ongoing high‐risk pregnancies, representing potential candidates for HBTM. None of the participants had any previous experience with HBTM of pregnancies. The study is embedded in a social constructivist research paradigm. Interviews were analyzed using a thematic approach.ResultsThe participants acknowledged the benefits and potentials of more active roles for both care recipients and providers in HBTM. Concerns were clearly addressed and articulated in the following themes: eligibility and ability of women, availability of midwives and obstetricians, empowerment and patient safety, and shared responsibility. All groups problematized issues crucial to maintaining a sense of safety for care recipients, and healthcare providers also addressed issues related to maintaining a sense of safety also for the care providers. Conditions for HBTM were understood in terms of optimal personalized training, individual assessment of eligibility, and empowerment of an active patient role. These conditions were linked to the importance of competent and experienced midwives and obstetricians operating the monitoring, as well as the availability and continuity of care provision. Maintenance of safety in HBTM in high‐risk pregnancies was crucial, particularly so in situations involving emerging acute health issues.ConclusionsHBTM requires new, proactive roles among midwives, obstetricians, and monitored women, introducing a fine‐tuned balance between personalized and standardized care to provide safe, optimal monitoring of high‐risk pregnancies.
Strengthening local economies through social capital: The role of cooperative firms in driving economic growth in Italy
Authors: Terzo Giuseppe , Notarstefano Giuseppe , Di Maggio Umberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to empirically explore the linkage between the cooperative sector and economic growth in Italian provinces (NUTS‐3), through a panel analysis covering the period between 2013 and 2019. We hypothesize that the cooperative sector can contribute to economic growth through its ability to generate social capital, thereby helping to mitigate market failures. The empirical analysis does not provide us with robust evidence of the positive connection between the cooperative sector as a whole and local economic growth. However, when we disaggregate the cooperative sector into ordinary and social cooperatives, we find intriguing results. Indeed, there is robust evidence of a negative relationship between the territorial distribution of ordinary cooperatives and economic growth, while for social cooperatives we find a positive relationship. We interpret these results as showing that the pursuit of general interest objectives, which allows the principle of mutuality to be extended to indirect forms of reciprocity, could make cooperative firms more effective in promoting the economic performance of territories. This is because they are more likely to generate bridging social capital that encourages the spread of generalized trust, a key factor in the advancement of modern market economies.
An experimental comparison of additional training in phoneme awareness, letter‐sound knowledge and decoding for struggling beginner readers
Authors: Webber Charlotte , Patel Hetal , Cunningham Anna , Fox Amy , Vousden Janet , Castles Anne , Shapiro Laura 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence that synthetic phonics teaching has increased reading attainments, a sizable minority of children struggle to acquire phonics skills and teachers lack clear principles for deciding what types of additional support are most beneficial. Synthetic phonics teaches children to read using a decoding strategy to translate letters into sounds and blend them (e.g., c‐a‐t = “k ‐ æ – t” = “cat”). To use a decoding strategy, children require letter‐sound knowledge (LSK) and the ability to blend sound units (phonological awareness; PA). Training on PA has been shown to benefit struggling beginning readers. However, teachers in English primary schools do not routinely check PA. Instead, struggling beginner readers usually receive additional LSK support.AimsUntil now, there has been no systematic comparison of the effectiveness of training on each component of the decoding process. Should additional support for struggling readers focus on improving PA, or on supplementary LSK and/or decoding instruction? We aim to increase understanding of the roles of LSK and PA in children's acquisition of phonics skills and uncover which types of additional training are most likely to be effective for struggling beginner readers.Sample and MethodWe will compare training on each of these components, using a carefully controlled experimental design. We will identify reception‐age children at risk of reading difficulties (target n = 225) and randomly allocate them to either PA, LSK or decoding (DEC) training. We will test whether training type influences post‐test performance on word reading and whether any effects depend on participants' pre‐test PA and/or LSK.Results and ConclusionsTwo hundred and twenty‐two participants completed the training. Planned analyses showed no effects of condition on word reading. However, exploratory analyses indicated that the advantage of trained over untrained words was significantly greater for the PA and DEC conditions. There was also a significantly greater improvement in PA for the DEC condition. Overall, our findings suggest a potential advantage of training that includes blending skills, particularly when decoding words that had been included in training. Future research is needed to develop a programme of training on blending skills combined with direct vocabulary instruction for struggling beginner readers.
A synonymous variant is unmasked in thalassaemia
Authors: Hunt Ryan C. , Kimchi‐Sarfaty Chava 
Published: November 2023

The genetic underpinnings of beta‐thalassaemia encompass a myriad of molecular mechanisms. The ability of synonymous mutations, an often‐overlooked category of variants, to influence β‐globin expression and phenotypic disease is highlighted by this report by Gorivale et al.Commentary on: Gorivale et al. When a synonymous mutation breaks the silence in a thalassaemia patient. Br J Haematol 2024;204:677‐682.
Personal pronouns and person perception – Do paired and nonbinary pronouns evoke a normative gender bias?
Authors: Renström Emma A. , Lindqvist Anna , Klysing Amanda , Gustafsson Sendén Marie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch on gender‐fair language aims to identify language inclusive to a multitude of individuals, for example, increasing the visibility of women by using paired pronouns (he/she) instead of generic masculine forms (he). However, binary presentations like he/she might come with unwanted side effects and evoke what we label as normative gender bias. A normative gender bias is defined as when words lead to stronger associations with individuals with normative gender expressions than with individuals with non‐normative gender expressions, thus contributing to making non‐normative individuals invisible. In three experiments, we compared the extent to which the paired pronoun he/she (Swedish and English), the neo‐pronouns hen (Swedish), ze (English), and the generic pronoun singular they (English) evoked a normative gender bias. Swedish‐ (N = 219 and 268) and English‐ (N = 837, from the UK) speaking participants read about individuals referred to with the paired pronoun he/she or with hen, ze, or they. In Experiment 1 (Swedish), there was no main effect of condition on a normative bias, but in Experiment 2 (Swedish), the paired pronouns he/she evoked normative gender bias while hen did not. In Experiment 3 (English), both ze and singular they evoked normative gender bias, although normative associations were lower in these conditions compared to he/she. Furthermore, the normative bias was lower among participants who had knowledge about the use of ze as a nonbinary pronoun. Finally, neither ze nor they evoked a normative gender bias when their use was explicitly stated to be nonbinary. A potential explanation for why singular they did not generally result in less normative associations, despite almost all participants knowing about it, may include its more common use as a generic pronoun. Taken together, our results suggest that neo‐pronouns, but not paired pronouns, have the potential to evoke less normative associations, but that they must be both (1) actively created new words and (2) well‐known to language users as nonbinary pronouns.
The algorithmic origins of counting
Authors: Piantadosi Steven T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe study of how children learn numbers has yielded one of the most productive research programs in cognitive development, spanning empirical and computational methods, as well as nativist and empiricist philosophies. This paper provides a tutorial on how to think computationally about learning models in a domain like number, where learners take finite data and go far beyond what they directly observe or perceive. To illustrate, this paper then outlines a model which acquires a counting procedure using observations of sets and words, extending the proposal of Piantadosi et al. (2012). This new version of the model responds to several critiques of the original work and outlines an approach which is likely appropriate for acquiring further aspects of mathematics.
Children's perspectives on vegetable consumption and gardening: Outcomes from a qualitative study in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Mok Kai Ting , Tung Serene En Hui , Kaur Satvinder , Chin Yit Siew , Martini Mohammad Yusoff , Ulaganathan Vaidehi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUrban poor children have low vegetable consumption due to food insecurities leading to limited access to vegetables. Children's involvement in gardening may improve their vegetable consumption and connection with nature. This qualitative study explored the potential facilitators and barriers related to vegetable consumption and gardening among urban poor children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Four focus group discussions were conducted among 20 randomly selected children aged 9–12 years, residing in selected low‐cost flats in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from November 2021 to January 2022. Thematic analysis via NVivo software was conducted to analyse the transcripts. Children reported several barriers to eating vegetables, such as disliking taste, sensory and appearance, limited accessibility and vegetable availability at home. Most children felt positive and interested to join gardening. The findings are useful in planning nutrition intervention programmes that incorporate gardening as one of the elements to improve vegetable consumption.
Multipurpose pigment printing and functional finishing of cellulosic fabrics
Authors: Abd‐Elaziz Eman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFunctional fabrics that are economical and environmentally friendly are desired for many applications. Here in, individual inclusion of different additives, such as softeners, polyurethane, polyethylene glycol (PEG‐600) and benzophenone in suitable pigment printing formulation were applied to various cellulose containing fabrics, using flat screen and microwave curing methods. The imparted multifunctional and performance finishes to cellulosic fabrics namely ultraviolet (UV) protection, antibacterial, anti‐crease, and softening were evaluated. The developed functional properties and the depth of the pigment prints produced are governed by the nature of the substrate, concentration/location/distribution in addition to fixation of the added active compounds and pigment colourants. The surface alteration, morphological modifications, and immobilisation of the certain active components onto the printed substrates have been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis for selected samples.
Photostability of Mannich‐type dyed silk fibroin with pyrazolone‐containing aromatic primary amine dyes
Authors: Guo Qing , Chen Weiguo , Qi Dongming , Gao Pu , Wang Min , Zhu Daquan , Ling Jie , Cui Zhihua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMannich‐type dyeing of silk fibroin with aromatic primary amine dyes (APADs) is a novel reactive dyeing method that requires mild conditions and exhibits high selectivity and good wet fastness. However, the primary amine group in the APADs significantly decreases the photostability of Mannich‐type dyed silk fabrics. To reveal the structure–activity relationship and photofading mechanism of the APADs by Mannich‐type dyeing, six pyrazolone‐containing APADs with similar structures were designed and synthesised. Variation in amino electron density among the dye analogues was related to differences in colour fixation of the Mannich‐dyed fabrics, as determined from the calculated Mulliken charge densities. Using mass spectrometry to monitor the photodecomposition of the dyed silk, it is demonstrated that the Mannich‐type dyed silk fabrics undergo photooxidative fading, in contrast to the conventional acidic‐type dyed fabrics that undergo photoreductive fading. Furthermore, it is shown that the Mannich‐type dyed silk fabric has a higher light fastness than conventional acidic‐type dyed fabrics using the same pyrazolone‐containing APADs. Evaluation of dye dipole moment and Mannich‐type dyeing shows that the APADs with increased dipole moments generally demonstrated increased light fastness.
Management impacts on three reptile species (Vipera ursinii, Lacerta agilis, Lacerta viridis) in sandy grasslands in Hungary: Mowing should be avoided
Authors: Mizsei Edvárd , Budai Mátyás , Móré Attila , Rák Gergő , Radovics Dávid , Bancsik Barnabás , Wenner Bálint , Márton Szabolcs , Korsós Zoltán , Lengyel Szabolcs , Vadász Csaba 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that determine the abundance of populations is of key importance in conservation biology, ecology, and biogeography. For grassland‐associated species, such as the Hungarian meadow viper (Vipera ursinii rakosiensis), habitat management is particularly important. We aimed to study the effects of the three most common types of grassland management (grazing, mowing, and mowing + grazing) on the abundance of reptile species in meadow viper habitats in Kiskunság National Park, in Hungary. We surveyed grasslands repeatedly (n = 15 occasions) for reptiles in one autumn and one spring season in three 1‐ha quadrates per grassland management type. We recorded all reptiles and their activity related to operative temperatures and analyzed data by n‐mixture models. All reptile species known to occur in the habitats were observed during the surveys, but only the green lizard, sand lizard, and Hungarian meadow viper reached the minimum number of observations required for detailed analyses. Grazing had a strong positive effect on the abundance of Hungarian meadow vipers and sand lizards, while both mowing and mowing + grazing rotation had a negative effect. None of the grassland management types affected green lizard abundance. Our results suggest that grazing is the ideal type of grassland management for the endangered Hungarian meadow viper and the sand lizard. Mowing and mowing + grazing should be replaced by grazing to ensure the effectiveness of habitat management for conservation and to maintain healthy populations of grassland‐associated reptile species.
The permitting process for marine and coastal restoration: A barrier to achieving global restoration targets?
Authors: Bell‐James Justine , Foster Rose , Shumway Nicole 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo meet global restoration targets, action is needed at a large scale, and at a high level of ambition. Coastal and marine restoration may be hindered by an array of factors, including governance: in particular, the cost and time associated with obtaining permits. We interviewed a small group of restoration practitioners in Australia to further explore this permitting issue. Our study revealed a deeper problem, with the legal permitting process driving outcomes. Some proponents are turning away from the sites with the highest restoration potential, and instead choosing sites based on the ease of obtaining permits. We also found that the permitting process is only one part of the problem, and progress is also being hampered by onerous post‐approval conditions, including ongoing liability for restorative interventions. Finally, the permitting process stifles innovation and creativity as outcomes are locked‐in at the permit stage. We conclude by highlighting the urgent need to reform legal permitting processes for restoration, as current practice may put the achievement of global restoration targets at risk. It is anticipated that these findings will be of interest to restoration practitioners navigating this space, as well as policymakers.
Upadacitinib: Mechanism of action, clinical, and translational science
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Bhatnagar Sumit , Parmentier Julie M. , Nakasato Priscila , Wung Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUpadacitinib is a selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, as well as other agencies around the world for the treatment of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatic, dermatologic, and gastrointestinal diseases. Through inhibition of JAK, upadacitinib inhibits phosphorylation of downstream effector proteins, which consequently inhibits cytokine signaling for key pathways involved in inflammatory diseases. Upadacitinib more potently inhibits JAK1 than other JAK isoforms. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of upadacitinib were characterized in many clinical trials, which demonstrated the superiority of upadacitinib treatment over placebo or an active comparator in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, non‐radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, atopic dermatitis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. The safety profile of upadacitinib supported a favorable benefit–risk profile across all the approved indications. In this article, we review the mechanism of action of upadacitinib and describe how the JAK–STAT (Janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic and progressive immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. In addition, this review also provides an overview of key clinical trials that were conducted as well as relevant data which supported the clinical development of upadacitinib and informed the recommended dose(s) in each of the approved indications.
Prediction of the invasion depth of superficial nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Morita Yuki , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Takamatsu Manabu , Kawachi Hiroshi , Nakano Kaoru , Ikenoyama Yohei , Tokai Yoshitaka , Namikawa Ken , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesDistinguishing between intramucosal cancer and submucosal invasive cancer is vital for optimal treatment selection for patients with superficial nonampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma (SNADAC); however, standard diagnostic systems for diagnosing invasion depth are as yet undetermined.MethodsOf 205 patients with SNADAC who underwent treatment at our institution between 2006 and 2022, 188 had intramucosal cancer and 17 had submucosal invasive cancer. The clinical, endoscopic, and pathological features used in the preoperative diagnosis of invasion depth and the diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were retrospectively analyzed in 85 patients.ResultsThe oral side of the papilla tumor location, protruded or mixed macroscopic type, and moderately‐to‐poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma based on biopsy specimens were significantly more frequent in submucosal invasive cancer than in intramucosal cancer (88% vs. 48%; 94% vs. 42%; 47% vs. 0%, respectively). From the relationship between the endoscopic features and the submucosal invasive cancer incidence, submucosal invasion risk was stratified as: (i) low‐risk (risk, 2%), all lesions located on the anal side of the papilla and superficial macroscopic type on the oral side of the papilla; and (ii) high‐risk (risk, 23%), protruded or mixed macroscopic type on the oral side of the papilla. Based on the biopsy specimens, all eight patients with moderately‐to‐poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma had submucosal invasive cancer. Furthermore, EUS was not associated with invasion depth's diagnostic accuracy improvements.ConclusionOptimal treatment indications for SNADAC can be selected based on the risk factors of submucosal invasion by tumor location, macroscopic type, and biopsy diagnosis.