bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dissociation between Implicit and Explicit Verbal Memory in Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Del Vecchio Nicole , Liporace Joyce , Nei Maromi , Sperling Michael , Tracy Joseph 
Published: August 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy patients are well known to present deficits on explicit verbal memory procedures (e.g., recall, recognition). The integrity of implicit memory procedures in these patients is not established. Previous studies in this area used implicit memory measures contaminated by the effects of explicit memory. Methods: We examined the integrity of verbal implicit and explicit memory in left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) patients and hypothesized that a clear dissociation in performance would be found with a relative preservation of implicit memory. TLE patients (n = 15) and age‐ and education‐matched healthy normal patients (n = 15) were shown a 40‐word study list, followed by a test phase requiring completion of word stems based on the study words or new/unseen words. Experimental conditions involved instructions to provide either the old (study) words or novel/nonlist words when completing the stem. Measures of automaticity and recollection provided uncontaminated indices of implicit and explicit memory, respectively. Results: The data showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the patients (Recollection, 0.12; SD, 0.18) and controls (0.50, SD, 0.15) on the measure of explicit memory. In contrast, the patients (Automaticity, 0.51; SD, 0.11) and controls (0.45, SD, 0.18) performed similarly on the implicit memory measure, with patient scores clearly at normative levels based on other Process Dissociation Procedure data. Conclusions: The data demonstrate the integrity of implicit memory in LTLE patients. Finding a dissociation between the two forms of verbal memory in LTLE patients provides evidence that they rely on different neuroanatomic systems.
Familial Partial Epilepsy with Variable Foci: Clinical Features and Linkage to Chromosome 22q12
Authors: Berkovic Samuel F. , Serratosa Jose M. , Phillips Hilary A. , Xiong Lan , Andermann Eva , Díaz‐Otero Fernando , Gómez‐Garre Pilar , Martín Mercedes , Fernández‐Bullido Yolanda , Andermann Frederick , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Dubeau Francois , Desbiens Richard , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Wallace Robyn H. , Mulley John C. , Pandolfo Massimo 
Published: August 2004

Summary:  Background: Familial partial epilepsy with variable foci (FPEVF) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by partial seizures originating from different brain regions in different family members in the absence of detectable structural abnormalities. A gene for FPEVF was mapped to chromosome 22q12 in two distantly related French‐Canadian families. Methods: We describe the clinical features and performed a linkage analysis in a Spanish kindred and in a third French‐Canadian family distantly related to the original pedigrees. Results: Onset of seizures was typically in middle childhood, and attacks were usually easy to control. Seizure semiology varied among family members but was constant for each individual. In some, a pattern of nocturnal frontal lobe seizures led to consideration of the diagnosis of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). The Spanish family was mapped to chromosome 22q (multipoint lod score, 3.4), and the new French‐Canadian family had a multipoint lod score of 2.97 and shared the haplotype of the original French‐Canadian families. Conclusions: Identification of the various forms of familial partial epilepsy is challenging, particularly in small families, in which insufficient individuals exist to identify a specific pattern. We provide clinical guidelines for this task, which will eventually be supplanted by specific molecular diagnosis. We confirmed linkage of FPEVF to chromosome 22q12 and redefined the region to a 5.2‐Mb segment of DNA.
Lamotrigine versus Valproic Acid as First‐line Monotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Typical Absence Seizures: An Open‐label, Randomized, Parallel‐group Study
Authors: Coppola Giangennaro , Auricchio Gianfranca , Federico Rosario , Carotenuto Marco , Pascotto Antonio 
Published: August 2004

Summary: Purpose:To compare the efficacy of lamotrigine (LTG) and valproic acid (VPA) in newly diagnosed children and adolescents with typical absence seizures.Methods:A randomized,open‐label parallel‐group design was used. After undergoing an awake video‐EEG recording, which included one to two trials of 3 min of hyperventilation and intermittent photic stimulation, eligible patients were randomized to receive LTG or VPA. LTG was initiated at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg for 2 weeks in two divided doses, followed by 1.0 mg/kg/day for an additional 2 weeks. Thereafter, doses were increased in 1‐mg/kg/day increments every 5 days until seizures were controlled, intolerable adverse effects occurred, or a maximum dose of 12 mg/kg/day had been reached. VPA was equally uptitrated according to clinical response, starting at 10 mg/kg and increasing by 5 mg/kg/24 h every 3 days, if required, to a maximum of 30 mg/kg/day in three divided doses. Patients were seen in the clinic every month for ≤12 months.The primary efficacy end point at each visit was seizure freedom, defined as lack of clinically observed seizures since the previous visit and lack of electroclinical seizures during ambulatory 24‐h EEG testing and a video‐EEG session with hyperventilation.Results: Thirty‐eight children (17 boys, 21 girls), aged from 3 to 13 years (mean, 7.5 years), all newly diagnosed with childhood or juvenile typical absence seizures, were enrolled. After 1 month of treatment, 10 (52.6%) of 19 children taking VPA and one (5.3%) of 19 taking LTG were seizure free (p = 0.004). By the 3‐month follow‐up, 12 (63.1%) children taking VPA and seven (36.8%) taking LTG were controlled (p = 0.19). After 12 months, 13 children taking VPA (dose range, 20–30 mg/kg/day; mean serum level, 76.8 mg/L; range, 51.4–91 mg/L) and 10 taking LTG (dose range, 2–11 mg/kg/day; mean serum level, 8.1 mg/L; range, 1.1–18 mg/L) were seizure free (p = 0.51). Side effects were mostly mild and transient and were recorded in two (10.6%) children treated with VPA and in six (31.8%) treated with LTG.Conclusions:Both VPA and LTG can be efficacious against absence seizures, although VPA shows a much faster onset of action, at least in part because of its shorter titration schedule.
Metabolic Changes of Subcortical Structures in Intractable Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Benedek Krisztina , Juhász Csaba , Muzik Otto , Chugani Diane C. , Chugani Harry T. 
Published: August 2004

Summary: Purpose:Intractable focal epilepsy is commonly associated with cortical glucose hypometabolism on interictal 2‐deoxy‐2[18F]‐fluoro‐d‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). However, subcortical brain structures also may show hypometabolism on PET and volume changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and these are less well understood in terms of their pathophysiology and clinical significance. In the present study, we analyzed alterations of glucose metabolism in subcortical nuclei and hippocampus by using FDG‐PET in young patients with intractable epilepsy.Methods:Thirty‐seven patients (mean age, 7.5 years; age range, 1–27 years) with intractable frontal (n = 23) and temporal (n = 14) lobe epilepsy underwent FDG‐PET scanning as part of their presurgical evaluation. Normalized glucose metabolism was measured in the thalamus and caudate and lentiform nuclei, as well as in hippocampus, both ipsi‐ and contralateral to the epileptic focus, and correlated with duration and age at onset of epilepsy, presence or absence of secondary generalization, location of the epileptic focus, and extent of cortical glucose hypometabolism.Results:Long duration of epilepsy was associated with lower glucose metabolism in the ipsilateral thalamus and hippocampus. Duration of epilepsy was a significant predictor of ipsilateral thalamic glucose metabolism in both temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy. Presence of secondarily generalized seizures also was associated with lower normalized metabolism in the ipsilateral thalamus and hippocampus. Extent of cortical hypometabolism did not correlate with subcortical metabolism, and glucose metabolism in the caudate and lentiform nuclei did not show any correlation with the clinical variables.Conclusions:The findings suggest that metabolic dysfunction of the thalamus ipsilateral to the seizure focus may become more severe with long‐standing temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy, and also with secondary generalization of seizures.
Univerricht‐Lundborg Disease: Underdiagnosed in the Netherlands
Authors: De Haan Gerrit‐Jan , Halley Dicky J.J. , Doelman Jan C. , Geesink Huibert H. , Augustijn Paul B. , Jager‐Jongkind Anke D. , Majoie Marianne , Bader Adri J. , Doeschate Lian A.W.M. Leliefeld‐ten , Deelen Wout H. , Bertram Ed , Lehesjoki Anna E. , Lindhout Dick 
Published: August 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Univerricht‐Lundborg disease (ULD), with its major symptom of action myoclonus, is supposed to be very rare in the Netherlands and western Europe. We hypothesized that the syndrome may be underdiagnosed in patients with myoclonus epilepsy. Methods: Mutation analysis of the cystatin B gene was performed in 21 cases with uncontrolled myoclonus. Results: Seven of the 21 evaluated cases carried mutations in the cystatin B gene. Diagnosis of ULD was made with a mean delay of 20 years from symptom onset. Conclusions: This study from a country without previous reports of ULD suggests that underdiagnosis of the syndrome is likely. These findings also indicate that persons with juvenile‐onset myoclonus epilepsy with action myoclonus should be analyzed for ULD.
Is Intraoperative Electrocorticography Reliable in Children with Intractable Neocortical Epilepsy?
Authors: Asano Eishi , Benedek Krisztina , Shah Aashit , Juhász Csaba , Shah Jagdish , Chugani Diane C. , Muzik Otto , Sood Sandeep , Chugani Harry T. 
Published: August 2004

Summary: Purpose:To study the relation between the spike frequency during intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) under general anesthesia with isoflurane and that during extraoperative ECoG monitoring in children with intractable neocortical epilepsy.Methods:Twenty‐one children (age, 1–16 years; 15 boys and six girls) who underwent intraoperative and extraoperative ECoG monitoring with subdural electrode arrays were studied. The spike frequency and the spatial pattern of spike frequency were compared between intraoperative and extraoperative ECoGs for each patient (by using Wilcoxon signed‐ranks and Spearman's rank correlation, respectively).Results:In 15 of 21 patients, the spike frequency was significantly lower during intraoperative than during extraoperative ECoG (mean z =–6.3; p < 0.001). In four of 21 patients, no significant difference was found in the spike frequency between intraoperative and extraoperative recordings. In two of 21 patients, spike frequency reached one spike/min neither during intraoperative nor extraoperative recording; therefore appropriate comparison of spike frequency was not possible. A significant positive correlation in the spike‐frequency pattern was seen between intraoperative and extraoperative recordings in nine of nine cases who had ≥10 spikes/min during intraoperative ECoG (mean rho = 0.62; p < 0.01), in five of six cases with one to nine spikes/min (mean rho = 0.50; p < 0.01), and in none of five cases with less than one spike/min (mean rho = 0.13).Conclusions:General anesthesia often decreases the spike frequency in children with neocortical epilepsy, yet intraoperative ECoG can reliably reflect the awake interictal spiking pattern when spike frequency exceeds one spike/min during intraoperative ECoG recording.
Reaction to Epilepsy in the Workplace
Authors: Harden Cynthia L. , Kossoy Amy , Vera Susanne , Nikolov Blagovest 
Published: August 2004

Summary:  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of epilepsy that produce avoidant behavior in the workplace and therefore contribute to the actual stigma that persons with epilepsy are subjected to on the job. Methods: We developed a survey consisting three vignettes briefly describing a coworker with either depression, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy. Each vignette was followed by eight identical questions addressing the level of comfort during interactions with the vignette subject. The epilepsy vignette did not describe a seizure. The surveys were hand‐distributed in two companies in New York City and returned anonymously by mail. The results of the responses to each illness were compared by χ2, and the responses were correlated with demographic information by using Pearson's correlation. Results: Seventy‐four of 200 distributed questionnaires were returned. Respondents reported more anxiety at the thought of interacting with a coworker with epilepsy than with depression or multiple sclerosis, but this difference did not reach significance. Worry about sudden, unpredictable behavior for the coworker with epilepsy was significantly greater than that with multiple sclerosis (p = 0.014). The level of comfort regarding providing first aid for the coworker with epilepsy was significantly less (p = 0.018) than that for depression and multiple sclerosis. Lower job level and lower income level correlated with more social discomfort for all three illnesses. Conclusions: The idea of a having a coworker with epilepsy may produce some social avoidance. However, the worry about a sudden, unpredictable event and the discomfort regarding providing first aid for a coworker with epilepsy is significant when compared with that with depression or multiple sclerosis. These findings suggest that education about first aid for epilepsy will reduce the worry and discomfort surrounding persons with epilepsy in the workplace.
Clinical Manifestations of Insular Lobe Seizures: A Stereo‐electroencephalographic Study
Authors: Isnard Jean , Guénot Marc , Sindou Marc , Mauguière François 
Published: August 2004

Summary:  Purpose: In this study, we report the clinical features of insular lobe seizures based on data from video and stereo‐electroencephalographic (SEEG) ictal recordings and direct electric insular stimulation of the insular cortex performed in patients referred for presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: Since our first recordings of insular seizures, the insular cortex has been included as one of the targets of stereo‐electroencephalographic (SEEG) electrode implantation in 50 consecutive patients with TLE whose seizures were suspected to originate from, or rapidly to propagate to, the perisylvian cortex. In six, a stereotyped sequence of ictal symptoms associated with intrainsular discharges could be identified. Results: This ictal sequence occurred in full consciousness, beginning with a sensation of laryngeal constriction and paresthesiae, often unpleasant, affecting large cutaneous territories, most often at the onset of a complex partial seizure (five of the six patients). It was eventually followed by dysarthric speech and focal motor convulsive symptoms. The insular origin of these symptoms was supported by the data from functional cortical mapping of the insula by using direct cortical stimulations. Conclusions: This sequence of ictal symptoms looks reliable enough to characterize insular lobe epileptic seizures (ILESs). Observation of this clinical sequence at the onset of seizures on video‐EEG recordings in TLE patients strongly suggests that the seizure‐onset zone is located not in the temporal but in the insular lobe; recording directly from the insular cortex should occur before making any decision regarding epilepsy surgery.
Ceratocystis species infecting stem wounds on Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa
Authors: Roux J. , Van Wyk M. , Hatting H. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: August 2004

Reports of Ceratocystis spp. causing disease of exotic plantation hardwood species have increased in recent years. Ceratocystis fimbriata causes wilt and canker on Eucalyptus spp. in Africa and South America, and C. albofundus results in wilt and death of Acacia mearnsii in Africa. Ceratocystis spp. generally infect wounds on trees, and artificial stem wounding can thus be used to determine the presence of these fungi. The aim of this study was to identify Ceratocystis spp. infecting wounds on Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa. Isolated Ceratocystis spp. were identified using morphological characteristics and comparisons of DNA sequence data for the ITS and 5·8S regions of the rRNA operon. Pathogenicity trials were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the possible role that these Ceratocystis spp. could have in disease development. These trials were also conducted under field conditions. Three Ceratocystis spp. were collected: C. fimbriata, C. moniliformis and C. pirilliformis. This is the first report of C. fimbriata and C. pirilliformis from Eucalyptus spp. in South Africa, and the first report of the latter fungus outside Australia. Both C. fimbriata and C. pirilliformis caused significant lesions on inoculated E. grandis trees. This is the first evidence that C. pirilliformis is a pathogen of Eucalyptus spp. From the results of both greenhouse and field trials, it has the potential to cause serious disease problems in Eucalyptus plantations.
Population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in the air of an intensively cultivated region of south‐west Arizona
Authors: Bock C. H. , Mackey B. , Cotty P. J. 
Published: August 2004

Airborne propagules of Aspergillus flavus were quantified to investigate population dynamics of A. flavus in a region of south‐west Arizona prone to epidemics of aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. Air was sampled continuously from May 1997 to March 1999 at two sites using Burkard cyclone samplers. One sampler was initially at the centre of 65 ha of cotton treated with an atoxigenic strain of A. flavus to manage aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The second sampler was 0·6 km from the treated field. Total fungal colony‐forming units (CFU) sampled ranged from 17 to 667 and from 9 to 1277 m−3 at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Counts of A. flavus ranged from 0 to 406 m−3 and from 0 to 416 per m−3 at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Aspergillus flavus comprised 1–46 and 1–51% of the total cultured fungi at the treated and untreated sites, respectively. Peaks in total fungal and A. flavus CFU coincided with boll maturation and cotton harvest (days 251–321). Autoregression analysis suggested that there was no difference in total fungal CFU between treated and untreated sites, but the analysis showed that the quantity of A. flavus decreased at the treated site. This is probably caused by changes in cropping making the conditions less conducive to growth and reproduction of A. flavus in the surrounding fields. The incidence of the S strain of A. flavus was highest between May and August. The L strain accounted for up to 100% of the A. flavus sampled in the other months, and autoregression analysis showed that the L strain accounted for a greater overall proportion of the A. flavus population at the treated site compared with the untreated site. Autoregression analysis also showed the vegetative compatibility group of the applied strain was a greater proportion of L‐strain A. flavus at the treated site (5–75%) than at the untreated site (0–65%), although this decreased with time. The quantity of A. flavus sampled at both treated and untreated sites was correlated with air and soil temperature. Large quantities of A. flavus occurred in the soil (up to 34 474 CFU g−1) of cotton fields and on cotton plant parts and debris (up to 272 461 CFU g−1) adjacent to the cyclone samplers. Aspergillus flavus is a major constituent of the airborne mycoflora associated with cotton fields in south‐west Arizona when temperature is conducive to fungal growth. Although application of atoxigenic A. flavus altered the proportion of A. flavus strains and vegetative compatibility groups in the aerial mycoflora, the total quantity of A. flavus remained similar to that in untreated fields. Dispersal of A. flavus between fields suggests that atoxigenic fungi will be most effective in area‐wide management programmes.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children: Forerunner to Adult Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Authors: Jarrett Monica , Heitkemper Margaret , Czyzewski Danita I. , Shulman Robert 
Published: August 2004

ISSUES AND PURPOSE Review the etiology and pathophysiology of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and its potential role as a precursor to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults.CONCLUSIONS Physiological mechanisms not easily identifiable as an organic cause may underlie symptoms in RAP patients. They may be triggered by psychosocial factors that result in greater functional disability, more clinic visits, and lower academic and social competence. Of these children, 25% will experience similar symptoms as adults; many will be diagnosed with IBS.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses can provide early and efficient management of these children's care if they view the issues of abdominal pain/discomfort from a broader focus that includes the context of the child's experiences.
Healthcare Providers' Attitudes Toward Parent Participation in the Care of the Hospitalized Child
Authors: Daneman Susan , Macaluso Joy , Guzzetta Cathie E. 
Published: August 2004

ISSUES AND PURPOSE To examine healthcare providers' attitudes toward parent participation in the care of their hospitalized child.DESIGN AND METHODS In this descriptive, comparative study, 504 pediatric healthcare providers were surveyed to measure attitudes toward parent participation.RESULTS Results from 256 respondents indicated support for parent participation, but there was substantially less support for parental activities usually carried out by healthcare providers and those involving complex patient care tasks.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Although pediatric healthcare providers support parent participation, they tend to draw the line on what they believe are suitable parent activities. Newly developed pain standards and cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines incorporating parent participation have important implications for expanding the boundaries of parental involvement.
Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents With Motor Vehicle–Related Injuries
Authors: Zink Kathleen A. , McCain Gail C. 
Published: August 2004

ISSUES AND PURPOSE Motor vehicle crashes account for the greatest number of childhood injuries, but there has been little study of the psychological responses.DESIGN AND METHODS This longitudinal, descriptive study included 143 children 7 to 15 years of age who experienced a motor vehicle–related injury. Parents/guardians completed the Child Behavior Checklist Behavioral Problem Scale. Each child and parent completed the post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) section of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents at 2 and 6 months postinjury.RESULTS Twenty‐two percent of the children met criteria for PTSD. There were no associations for presence or absence of PTSD with age, gender, race, injury, or cause of injury.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Children who are injured in motor vehicle crashes are at risk for PTSD. Anticipatory guidance about behavioral distress symptoms should be provided to parents of children who experience motor vehicle related injuries.