bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetarian children and dental erosion
Authors: Al‐Dlaigan Y.H. , Shaw L. , Smith A.J. 
Published: March 2003

Background. There have been recent changes in teenage lifestyle and diet. The increasing consumption of soft drinks and foods containing significant acidic components may play a role in the development of dental erosion. Objective. The aims of this investigation were firstly, to assess the prevalence of vegetarian children in a cluster random sample of 14‐year‐old children in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Secondly, to determine the prevalence of dental erosion in these children, and thirdly, to see if there were any differences between vegetarian and non‐vegetarian children in the prevalence of dental erosion and dietary intake. Design. A cluster random sample of 418 14‐year‐old children (209 males and 209 females) were examined from 12 different schools in Birmingham, United Kingdom; a dietary questionnaire was completed and the levels of tooth wear were recorded using a modification of the (TWI) index. All data were analysed using SPSS with t‐test and Chi‐square analysis. Significance was accepted at the P < 0·05 level. Results. The results showed that 10% of the children were vegetarian; 52% of them had low dental erosion and 48% moderate dental erosion. Statistically there were no significant differences between vegetarian and non‐vegetarian children in the prevalence of erosion; however, there were significant differences in some food and drink consumption. Conclusions. It was concluded that dental erosion is common in teenage children, but there were no significant differences in prevalence between vegetarian and non‐vegetarian children.
Knowledge, attitudes and status of oral health in children at risk for infective endocarditis
Authors: Da Silva D. B. , Souza I. P. R. , Cunha M. C. S. A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary.Aim.The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status of 104 children (2–17 years of age) at risk for infective endocarditis attending the Paediatric Cardiology Service of the Martagão Gesteira Institute of Child Care and Paediatrics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their guardians’ attitudes towards and knowledge about endocarditis risks.Methods.A structured interview was carried out with guardians and an oral examination was performed on each child to determine scores for the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and dmft/DMFT index.Results.The percentage of guardians who understood the meaning of ‘heart infection’ was 9·6%, who knew the possibility of heart disease caused by dental procedures was 60·6%, who understood the requirement for antibiotic cover before dental treatment was 72·1%, and who understood the importance of good oral health to prevent infective endocarditis was 41·3%. As regards oral health behaviours, 46·1% of children brushed their teeth three times or more a day, 28·8% had never visited a dentist before, and only 24·3% attended the dentist for prevention. There was visible plaque in 98% and gingival bleeding in 99% of children in this study. The caries experience for primary dentition (dmft) was 2·62, and 3·97 for permanent dentition (DMFT).Conclusions.Based on these results, we can conclude that the guardians’ knowledge and attitudes about oral health were not good. This group at risk has poor oral health, which may give rise to a frequent bacteraemia under physiological conditions.
Bilateral maxillary fused primary incisors accompanied by succedaneous supernumerary teeth: report of a case
Authors: Tomizawa M. , Shimizu A. , Hayashi S. , Noda T. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. A rare case of fusion between maxillary primary central incisors and supplemental teeth occurring bilaterally, accompanied by succedaneous supernumerary teeth, is presented. The patient was an 8·5‐year‐old Japanese boy. Intraoral examination revealed fusion of left and right maxillary primary central incisors to supplemental teeth, which had labial and lingual grooves. The maxillary primary lateral incisors were present. Radiographs showed that the fused teeth had separate roots, pulp chambers and root canals. There were two impacted supernumerary teeth and eruption of the permanent maxillary central incisors was delayed. Treatment was performed and the fused primary teeth and the impacted supernumerary teeth were extracted. After 6 months observation, surgical exposure of the two crowns of the permanent maxillary central incisors was performed. The teeth began to erupt and have since been kept under observation.
Sealing ability of a single bond adhesive in primary teeth. An in vivo study
Authors: El‐Housseiny A. A. , Farsi N. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Aim. To compare the ability of a single bond adhesive to its preceding multiple step dentin bonding agent in reducing microleakage around class V composite resin in primary teeth.Material and methods. Twelve children, between 9 and 11 years old, with non‐carious primary canines indicated for extraction for orthodontic purposes, were selected for this study. Each child had facial surfaces of his or her upper and/or lower canines prepared for class V cavities. One canine was randomly selected for restoration using the Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus System (group I) and its antimere for the Single Bond adhesive (group II). Thirty cavities were restored by Z‐100 composite. Materials were handled according to the instructions of the manufacturer. All teeth were extracted one month later, immersed in 2% basic fuchsin then sectioned to evaluate dye penetration.Results. No statistically significant difference was found in the degree of microleakage between the two materials.Conclusions. Neither of the two adhesive systems was able to completely prevent leakage of class V restorations. Additional preventive measures should be implemented whenever using composite resin restorations in children.
Cooperation during dental treatment: the Children's Fear Survey Schedule in Japanese children
Authors: Yamada M. K. M. , Tanabe Y. , Sano T. , Noda T. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental fear and cooperation during dental treatment using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS).Methods. From the behaviour assessment of regular patients of the Pediatric Dental Clinic in Niigata University Dental Hospital (aged 5–12 years old), the patients were classified into two groups: uncooperative and cooperative. CFSS‐DS questionnaires were sent to a total of 295 patients, 186 of which were returned, 61 from the uncooperative group and 125 from the cooperative group.Results. In the uncooperative and the cooperative groups, the CFSS‐DS mean total scores were 31·79 and 24·02 (P < 0·05), respectively, and the ratios of the patients whose scores were equal to or more than 35 were 36·1 and 11·2%, respectively. Fear of ‘injections’ and ‘the dentist drilling’ had high scores in both groups.Conclusions. The results indicated that there are many uncooperative patients with low dental fear and cooperative patients with high dental fear.
Assessment of dental maturity of Brazilian children aged 6 to 14 years using Demirjian's method
Authors: Eid R. M. R. , Simi R. , Friggi M. N. P. , Fisberg M. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Dental maturity, often expressed as dental age, is an indicator of the biological maturity of growing children. A method for the assessment of dental maturity was first described by Demirjian, and is widely used and accepted, mainly because of its ability to compare different ethnic groups. This is possible, as the maturity scoring system proposed by the method is universal in application, although the conversion to dental age depends on the population considered.Objectives. The aim of this study was to apply Demirjian's method to Brazilian children aged 6–14 years in order to obtain dental maturity curves for each sex, to compare this data with that obtained by Demirjian, and to determine whether there is a significant correlation between dental maturity and body mass index.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the orthopantomograms, height and weight measurements of 689 healthy children. Curves of dental maturity of males and females were constructed.Results. When compared to the French‐Canadian sample of Demirjian, Brazilian males and females were 0·681 years and 0·616 years, respectively, more advanced in dental maturity. There was no significant correlation between dental maturity and body mass index.
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome: a preventive approach to self‐mutilation
Authors: Fardi K. , Topouzelis N. , Kotsanos N. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS), a rare inborn error of metabolism, is characterized by self‐injurious behaviour, which results in partial or total destruction of oral and perioral tissues and/or fingers and hands. Prevention of self‐mutilation raises significant difficulties. Treatment modalities include drug therapy, extraction of teeth, oral appliances and orthognathic surgery, all with variable success. A case of a 10‐year‐old boy with aggressive behaviour and severe lower lip injuries is presented. A palatal plate fabricated to raise the anterior bite proved to have satisfactory results. Although two adjustments were required during the recall visits, the effectiveness of the appliance in assisting healing of soft tissue damage was immediate and still apparent during the 3 years and 8 month follow‐up period.
Dental erosion – changing prevalence? A review of British national childrens’ surveys
Authors: Nunn J. H. , Gordon P. H. , Morris A. J. , C. M. Pine  , Walker A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary. Objectives. To investigate the change in the prevalence of dental erosion, over time, by a review of the data from the published national dental surveys of young people in the UK. A subsidiary objective was to investigate the relationship between erosion and possible associated risk factors.Design. The review was based on cross‐sectional prevalence studies incorporating a clinical dental examination and structured interviews.Sample. The data were collated from the 1993 UK childrens’ dental health survey and the dental report of the two National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS) of children aged 1½−4½ in 1992/3 and 4–18 years in 1996/7. The criteria used for data collection were comparable between the three different studies.Results. Comparing the data from the different studies, the prevalence of erosion was seen to increase from the time of the childrens’ dental health survey in 1993 and the NDNS study of 4–18‐year‐olds in 1996/7. There was a trend towards a higher prevalence of erosion in children aged between 3½ and 4½ and in those who consumed carbonated drinks on most days compared with toddlers consuming these drinks less often. Drinks overnight were associated with an increased prevalence of erosion. More 4–6‐year‐olds with reported symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux had erosion compared with symptom‐free children. On multivariate analysis, the strongest independent association with erosion was geography, with children living in the North having twice the odds of having erosion compared with those in London and the South‐east.Conclusions. Comparing prevalence data from cross‐sectional national studies indicates that dental erosion increases between different age cohorts of young people over time. Dietary associations with erosion are present but weak. Similarly, there is an association apparent between erosion, symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux and socio‐demographic variables such as region of domicile, social class, and receipt of social benefits.
The management of post‐operative nausea and vomiting
Authors: Thompson Hilaire J. 
Published: March 2003

The management of post‐operative nausea and vomiting Despite the advent of new technology and pharmacological agents, post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continues to have an incidence of 20–30% today. Development of PONV can lead to serious complications such as aspiration, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and disruption of the surgical site. PONV leads to increased cost of treatment, and may be associated with increased anxiety, dissatisfaction with the surgical experience and anticipatory nausea in the future. The mechanisms of PONV are examined with associated risk factors. A review of the literature of PONV management is included covering pharmacological, dietary and behavioural interventions; culminating in the development of assessment and management guidelines and identification of areas for further study.
Sleep and quality of life assessment in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Edéll‐Gustafsson Ulla M. , Hetta Jerker E. , Arén Claes B. 
Published: March 2003

Sleep and quality of life assessment in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting Objective: To examine sleep before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as well as measuring of quality of life (QoL), and to see if changes in subjectively rated sleep can be shown objectively by polysomnographic recordings. Sample: A consecutive sample of 38 male patients, aged 45–68, underwent CABG, Twenty‐two patients were graded in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III or IV, and 16 in class I–II before surgery. Methods: 24‐hour polysomnographic recordings, using the Oxford Medilog 9000 recorder, were performed 2 days prior to surgery, on the first 2 post‐operative days and 1 month after surgery. The Nottingham Health Profile instrument (NHP) was used to measure QoL before and after surgery. Results: Following surgery there was a profound decrease in sleep at night, and an increase in daytime sleep. During the second post‐operative recording period nocturnal sleep duration was reduced to 253·6 ± 94·1 minutes, with suppressed stages 3 and 4 sleep and lack, or slight recovery, of REM sleep. Even though there were evident changes in both the distribution and nature of sleep at night, daytime sleep increased and the total duration of sleep during the 24‐hour period was not significantly changed. The total sleep time was 421·1 ± 76·8 minutes before surgery, 483·2 ± 201·2 in the first period, 433·2 ±201·4 minutes in the second 24‐hour period post‐operatively and 443·2 ± 44·0 minutes at the 1‐month follow‐up. The NHP instrument demonstrated that 6 months after surgery the quality of life was significantly improved. Polysomnographically measured slow wave sleep was compared with the sleep section in the NHP instrument both before surgery and at 1 month post‐operatively. Conclusions: In the immediate period following CABG, there is a change in distribution of sleep, with reduction in nocturnal sleep duration and an increase in daytime sleep, which had almost returned to pre‐operative values 1 month after surgery. QoL scores were improved 6 months after surgery. This study demonstrates the importance of careful assessment of sleep and sleep disturbances for more individualized nursing care in order to promote sleep in the immediate post‐operative period.
Using a women’s health perspective to guide decisions made in quantitative research
Authors: Timmerman Gayle M. 
Published: March 2003

Using a women’s health perspective to guide decisions made in quantitative researchWomen’s health, as an emerging area of nursing scholarship, is based on a set of philosophical assumptions. These assumptions are: (i) women’s health can best be understood by examining women’s lived experiences within a specific context; (ii) gender bias must be avoided; (iii) the focus should be on health rather than illness; and (iv) non‐exploitative relationships should be established between the researcher and research participants. Assumptions from a women’s health perspective can be used by researchers to guide decisions made in conducting research with women. In order to strengthen the correspondent validity (i.e. the fit between theory and methods), research decisions need to be consistent with the philosophical assumptions of the inquiry. Examples of quantitative research decisions influenced by a women’s health perspective are illustrated using a study of binge eating in women.
Pre‐registration diploma students: a quantitative study of entry characteristics and course outcomes
Authors: Kevern Jennifer , Ricketts Chris , Webb Christine 
Published: March 2003

Pre‐registration diploma students: a quantitative study of entry characteristics and course outcomes Nurse education has been transformed over the last decade and continuing change is likely. Nurse educators are responsible for meeting the quality assurance standards of local stakeholders and student retention and progress are important aspects of this process. As part of a monitoring exercise, an enquiry was set up to review pre‐registration selection and recruitment strategies and to establish if there were any significant relationships between the characteristics of pre‐registration diploma entrants and their academic achievement or completion rates. A multi‐factorial tree‐based technique was used for this purpose. This is one of the first British studies to consider both academic performance and completion rates for pre‐registration diploma students. Four cohorts (N = 355) were studied. There was marked heterogeneity in student characteristics with a wide age distribution, a significant proportion of mature entrants with previous care experience, and considerable diversity in terms of education. Education and age were significant predictors of academic achievement: entrants with a minimum of two A levels and mature women with recent study experience did particularly well. Younger recruits with modest educational qualifications on entry performed less well in their assessments of theoretical knowledge. Younger students tended to leave more regularly, and well‐qualified entrants showed a greater tendency to complete, although these relationships were not statistically significant. Multi‐factorial analysis demonstrated that organisational and course characteristics have a conjoint influence on course outcomes. Although the study is concerned with Project 2000 in the United Kingdom, there are lessons to be drawn concerning the selection and support of non‐traditional recruits into nursing.
Transition of care: an evaluation of the role of the discharge liaison nurse in the Netherlands
Authors: Van Emden Dorothea M. Dukkers , Ros Wynand J.G. , Berns Mary P.H. 
Published: March 2003

Transition of care: an evaluation of the role of the discharge liaison nurse in the Netherlands Problems in the transition of care from hospital to the home situation have led to the introduction of the discharge liaison nurse role in the Netherlands. A nation‐wide hospital survey was carried out to gain insight into the role and function of discharge professionals. It was found that 56 of the 117 hospitals in the Netherlands (48%) have a special discharge professional. The discharge professional is a relatively new concept. On average it covers a full‐time position. The function differs greatly between hospitals. Three working profiles can be distinguished: the organizational type, the advisory type and the policy‐making type. In most cases the discharge professional is a nurse from a community agency based in the hospital and therefore best fits the description of a discharge liaison nurse. Of the 56 hospital‐based initiatives involving discharge professionals, 11 (20%) have been systematically evaluated. A critical review of these evaluation studies showed a positive outcome on some aspects of quality of care, but no results were given on efficiency aspects. There was general appreciation of the discharge liaison nurse and continuation of the function was widely recommended. The quality of the evaluation studies was rather poor, and it is suggested that more substantial research should be carried out on this relatively new function.
The role of nurses in AIDS care regarding voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide: a call for further dialogue
Authors: Young Michael G. , Ogden Russel D. 
Published: March 2003

The role of nurses in AIDS care regarding voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide: a call for further dialogue Because of the nature of their work, nurses are directly involved with terminally ill patients and the problems associated with the decision to hasten death through voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide (VE/AS). An anonymous survey delivered to nurses working in HIV/AIDS settings in Canada was used to analyse nurses’ experiences and attitudes regarding VE/AS. An emergent analysis of 22 nurses’ responses to an open‐ended prompt appearing at the end of the survey reveals that nurses: support death‐hastening practices; believe that legislation for these practices needs to be established; are wary of the potential abuse of VE/AS; and believe that further discussion on end‐of‐life issues is imperative. Their caring role in the health care setting places nurses in key positions to stimulate discussion in this area.
Clinical supervision, death, Heidegger and Freud come ‘out of the sighs’
Authors: Yegdich Tania 
Published: March 2003

Clinical supervision, death, Heidegger and Freud come ‘out of the sighs’ In his recent paper on clinical supervision, ‘Out of the sighs’— an existential‐phenomenological method of clinical supervision: the contribution to palliative care’, in this journal, Jones weds psychoanalytical ideas with Heidegger’s existential‐phenomenological concepts to provide a theoretical framework for clinical supervision in palliative nursing. Although this is an interesting undertaking, theoretical diversity is not a simple matter of merely interchanging concepts. Rather, it is a complex process that must account for varying philosophical assumptions upon which any theory attempts to explain or understand reality. This paper examines the major themes identified by Jones. In particular, it focuses on the spirit of ontological hermeneutics and psychoanalysis, represented by their respective founders, Heidegger and Freud, and in general, refers to other thinkers and ideas mentioned by Jones — as for instance, Schön’s reflective practice, Polanyi’s personal commitment, Husserl’s lived experience, Schutz’s intersubjectivity and Yalom’s existential disidentification. Here, discussion concerns the subject‐object polarity. The paper argues that many of these philosophies are incompatible. In particular, psychoanalysis and existentialism imply inconsistent aims in that psychology does not equate with fundamental ontology — and Jones has not adequately distinguished between these in his supervision discourse. The implications of the accompanying conceptual problems for the practice of clinical supervision in palliative nursing are exemplified by Jones’s case study of Lindsey, a dying patient.