bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Bochner theorem on orthogonal operators
Authors: Grinshpun Zinoviy 
Published: January 2003

We prove the following theorem. Any isometric operator

U
U

, that acts from the Hilbert space

H
1

(
Ω
)

H_1(\Omega )

with nonnegative weight

p
(
x
)

p(x)

to the Hilbert space

H
2

(
Ω
)

H_2(\Omega )

with nonnegative weight

q
(
x
)

q(x)

, allows for the integral representation
\[

U
f
=

1

q
(
ξ
)

∂
n

∂

ξ
1

…
∂

ξ
n

∫

Ω

L
(
ξ
,
t
)

¯

f
(
t
)
p
(
t
)
d
t
,

Uf=\frac {1}{q(\xi )} \frac {\partial ^n}{\partial \xi _1\ldots \partial \xi _n}\int _{\Omega } \overline {L(\xi ,t)}f(t)p(t)dt,

\]

\[

U

−
1

f
=

1

p
(
ξ
)

∂
n

∂

ξ
1

…
∂

ξ
n

∫

Ω

K
(
ξ
,
t
)

¯

f
(
t
)
q
(
t
)
d
t
,

U^{-1}f= \frac {1}{p(\xi )}\frac {\partial ^n}{\partial \xi _1\ldots \partial \xi _n} \int _{\Omega }\overline {K(\xi ,t)}f(t)q(t)dt,

\]
where the kernels

L
(
ξ
,
t
)

L(\xi ,t)

and

K
(
ξ
,
t
)

K(\xi ,t)

satisfy certain conditions that are necessary and sufficient for these kernels to generate the corresponding isometric operators.
Finite rank operators in closed maximal triangular algebras II
Authors: Dong Zhe , Lu Shijie 
Published: January 2003

In this paper, we discuss finite rank operators in a closed maximal triangular algebra

S

{\mathcal {S}}

. Based on the following result that each finite rank operator of

S

{\mathcal {S}}

can be written as a finite sum of rank one operators each belonging to

S

{\mathcal {S}}

, we proved that

(

S

∩

F
(
H
)

)

w

∗

=
{
T
∈

B
(
H
)

:
T
N
⊆

N

∼

,
∀
N
∈

N

}

({\mathcal {S}}\cap {\mathcal {F(H)}})^{w^{*}}=\{T\in {\mathcal {B(H)}}: TN\subseteq N_{\sim }, \forall N\in \mathcal {N}\}

, where

N

∼

=
N

N_{\sim }=N

, if

d
i
m
N
⊖

N

−

≤
1

dim N\ominus N_{-}\leq 1

; and

N

∼

=

N

−

N_{\sim }=N_{-}

, if

d
i
m
N
⊖

N

−

=
∞

dim N\ominus N_{-}=\infty

. We also proved that the Erdos Density Theorem holds in

S

{\mathcal {S}}

if and only if

S

{\mathcal {S}}

is strongly reducible.
Existence and nonexistence of global solutions of some non-local degenerate parabolic systems
Authors: Deng Weibing , Li Yuxiang , Xie Chunhong 
Published: January 2003

This paper establishes a new criterion for global existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of the non-local degenerate parabolic system

u
t

a
m
p
;
=

v
p

(
Δ
u
+
a

∫
Ω

v
d
x
)

,

v
t

a
m
p
;
=

u
q

(
Δ
v
+
b

∫
Ω

u
d
x
)

,

x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,

\begin{align*} u_t&=v^p\left (\Delta u+a\int _\Omega v dx\right ), v_t&=u^q\left (\Delta v+b\int _\Omega u dx\right ),\quad x\in \Omega , t>0, \end{align*}

with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, where

Ω
⊂

R

N

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N

is a bounded domain with a smooth boundary

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and

p
,
q
,
a
,
b

p, q, a, b

are positive constants. For all initial data, it is proved that there exists a global positive solution iff

∫
Ω

φ
(
x
)
d
x
≤
1

/

a
b

\int _\Omega \varphi (x) dx\leq 1/\sqrt {ab}

, where

φ
(
x
)

\varphi (x)

is the unique positive solution of the linear elliptic problem

−
Δ
φ
(
x
)
=
1
,
x
∈
Ω
;
φ
(
x
)
=
0
,
x
∈
∂
Ω
.

-\Delta \varphi (x)=1, x\in \Omega ; \varphi (x)=0, x\in \partial \Omega .
An inverse problem for an inhomogeneous conformal Killing field equation
Authors: Sun Ziqi 
Published: January 2003

Let

g
g

be a

C

2
,
α

C^{2,\alpha }

Riemannian metric defined on a bounded domain

Ω
⊂

R
2

\Omega \subset R^2

with

C

3
,
α

C^{3,\alpha }

boundary and let

X
X

be a

C

2
,
α

C^{2,\alpha }

vector field on

Ω
¯

\bar {\Omega }

satisfying

X

|

∂
Ω

=
0

X|_{\partial \Omega }=0

. We show that if

l
l

is a gradient field of a solution

u
u

to the equation

△
g

u
−

⟨

∇

g

σ
,

∇
g

u

⟩

g

=
0

\triangle _gu-\bigl \langle \nabla _{g\,}\sigma ,\,\nabla _gu\bigr \rangle _g=0

on

Ω
\Omega

, then both inner products

⟨

l
,
X

⟩

g

\bigl \langle l,X\bigr \rangle _g\,

and

⟨

l
⊥

,
X

⟩

g

\bigl \langle l^\perp ,X\bigr \rangle _g\,

are uniquely determined by the restriction of the tensor

L

X

(
g
)
−
(

e
σ

∇

g

⋅
(

e

−
σ

X
)
)
g

{\mathcal L}_X(g)-(e^\sigma \,\nabla _{g}\cdot (e^{-\sigma }X)) g

to the gradient field

l
l

, where

L

X

(
g
)

{\mathcal L}_X(g)

is the Lie derivative of the metric tensor

g
g

under the vector field

X
X

and

σ
=
l
o
g

d
e
t
(
g
)

\sigma =log\sqrt {det(g)}

. This work solves a problem related to an inverse boundary value problem for nonlinear elliptic equations.
Route Towards New Heteroaromatic Benzo[1,4]dioxine Derivatives
Authors: Storsberg Joachim , Schollmeyer Dieter , Ritter Helmut 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
2H-[1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-c]pyrrole- and thieno[3,4-b][1,4]benzodioxine derivatives were synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of halogenated benzene derivatives with the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxythiophene or pyrrole derivatives.
Boron Trifluoride Mediated Allylation of Aromatic α-Bromoketones by Allyltributyltin
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Hirai Ryo , Nakajima Yoshie , Sasaki Mitsuru 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Replacement of bromine atom of aromatic α-brormoketones by allyltributyltin in the presence of BF3 was described. The reaction proceeds with or without migration of the aryl group, depending on the structure of the α-bromoketone.
Dwarfed protozoan faunas
Authors: Lalicker Cecil Gordon 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
It is believed dwarfed protozoan faunas are caused by variations in the kind and amount of food, temperature of the water, chemical composition and physical conditions of the water, hydrogen-ion concentration, and light. Studies and experiments of the effects of variations of these factors upon the size and shape of living protozoans are discussed. Several dwarfed foraminiferal faunas are described.
Assemblages of diminutive brachiopods and their paleoecological significance
Authors: Cloud Preston Ercelle 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Assemblages of diminutive brachiopods may result from any one or any combination of the following factors: (1) actual dwarfing due to physiological retardation of growth, (2) accumulations of immature specimens of normally larger species and adults of smaller species due to segregation by moving water, and (3) accumulation of immature specimens because of environmental factors tending to produce subnormal fife-span or exceptionally high mortality of the younger shells. Interpretation in any given instance is a matter of determining from the shells themselves, from careful comparison with recognizably normal assemblages of near homotaxial equivalence, and from the physical and chemical nature of the entombing sediments which factor or combination of factors is the more logical. The paleoecological significance of assemblages of diminutive brachiopods as such is thus indirect. They merely bring attention to a situation the interpretation of which depends on a variety of physical, chemical, and biological considerations. The brachiopod faunas of the "Tully pyrite," the "Clinton hematite," the Glen Park and Salem limestones, and the Windsor series are briefly discussed. The fact emerges that more data are needed on the ecology of recent brachiopods and on assemblages of diminutive fossils and their entombing sediments.
Environmental significance of dwarfed cephalopods
Authors: Kummel Bernhard 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Dwarfed and/or small cephalopods have been recorded from many parts of the geologic column. Data assembled from preliminary studies of the Cretaceous pyritic micromorph faunas of Texas and from an Upper Triassic (Norian) fauna from the Cordillera Central of northern Peru will be given. Both of these faunas contain an abundant cephalopod assemblage, mostly small in size, which are associated with other dwarfed and non-dwarfed invertebrates. Students of cephalopods are handicapped by the relative small amount of environmental data known on recent Nautilus. Some qualitative data on the environmental relationships of fossil cephalopods is known but practically no quantitative data is available. It is suggested that evolution has probably been an important factor in causing the development of some groups of small cephalopods.
Itabirite of Minas Geraes, Brazil
Authors: Tyler Stanley A. 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
"The mosaic texture and lack of clastic heavy accessory minerals indicate that the quartzose phase of the itabirite is recrystallized chert rather than clastic quartz." Thus this pre-Cambrian high-grade iron ore is more closely related to similar iron formations in other parts of the world.
Towards a Knowledge-Based Model for the Computer Aided Design Process
Authors: Sprumont François , Xirouchakis Paul 
Published: January 2003

We propose in this paper a model for an elementary activity of the computer aided design (CAD) process, taking into account the specificity of the utilization of a computer: its capability to manipulate a relatively high volume of data and to explore alternatives quickly and systematically. The CAD activity is defined according to a given expertise domain (functionality, assembly, manufacturing, etc.) which is examined with respect to two inter-related subtasks: knowledge processing and data processing. Knowledge processing manipulates the knowledge model which represents an expert's point of view on the domain. Four things determine the knowledge model: a typology of combinable elements, a typology of possible relations between elements, an expert rule base for the creation of problem models (translation of problem data in elements and relations), and a set of criteria to evaluate the quality of solutions. Data processing manipulates the computational model which represents the computing point of view of the domain. We use the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) model as the computational model. The relationship between subtasks is done according to the manner in which the knowledge model is translated in to the computational model. The proposed model of the CAD process allows an adaptive man-machine task sharing by allocating the user interaction to the knowledge model while the computer interacts with the computational model. An example from the assembly planning domain illustrates the model. Once the different CAD activities are determined, they can be combined to form a CAD process. The activities are coordinated by exchanging partial solutions (which can be done during knowledge processing and/or data processing), rules and evaluation criteria (during knowledge processing). Such kinds of CAD processes can also be used to define recursively the CAD activity of higher levels of abstraction.
Sediments from pre-Cambrian rocks of southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico
Authors: Sidwell Raymond , Haliburton John Leo 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Pre-Cambrian rocks in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains consist chiefly of granites, gneisses, and schists. Detritals released by weathering of these source rocks were studied for mineral content and general properties as sediments. Most of the minerals contain inclusions and have physical and optical properties that permit determination of source rocks.
Respiratory Virus Infections in Adults with Hematologic Malignancies: A Prospective Study
Authors: Martino Rodrigo , Rámila Elena , Rabella Núria , Muñoz José Manuel , Peyret Mercé , Portos José Manuel , Laborda Rosario , Sierra Jorge 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
During a 2-year period, 157 consecutive episodes of respiratory virus infections that occurred in 130 patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infection were analyzed for respiratory viruses. A respiratory virus was identified in 75 episodes (48%), and several viruses were found in 13 episodes: there were a total of 56 influenza A virus infections, 14 respiratory syncytial virus infections, 8 adenovirus infections, 8 infections with parainfluenza virus types 1 or 3, and 7 enterovirus infections. On multivariate analysis, the only variable that predicted progression to pneumonia in patients with an upper respiratory tract infection was the presence of respiratory syncytial virus, whereas lymphocytopenia had a nonsignificant trend. Also, among the 38 patients who had pneumonia at any time during the episode, both respiratory syncytial virus and lymphocytopenia were commonly found. For both epidemiological and therapeutic considerations, frequent screening for respiratory viruses should be incorporated into the routine diagnostic study of patients with hematologic malignancies.
Experiments on the development of tracks in fine cross-bedded sand
Authors: McKee Edwin Dinwiddie 
Published: January 2003

Abstract
Evidence bearing on the type of environment represented by the track-bearing, cross-laminated Coconino sandstone of Permian age in northern Arizona has been obtained through a series of experiments. Using both reptiles and invertebrates an attempt has been made to develop in fine-grained sand, tracks that are comparable to those in the sandstone, thus demonstrating the conditions required for their development. Track variations due to differences in degree of sand slope, in moisture content of sand, and in direction of the animal's movement were observed and noted.
CUMULATIVE BIREFRINGENCE EFFECTS OF NANOSECOND LASER PULSES IN DYE-DOPED PLANAR NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL LAYERS
Authors: LUKISHOVA SVETLANA G. , BOYD ROBERT W. , LEPESHKIN NICK , MARSHALL KENNETH L. 
Published: January 2003

New cumulative effects in laser-induced birefringence have been observed under 10-Hz-pulse-repetition-rate, nanosecond-duration laser irradiation of azo-dye-doped planar-nematic liquid crystal layers at incident intensities I ~ 1–10 MW/cm2. An irradiation geometry with the incident polarization parallel to the nematic director was used. his geometry does not permit a first-order electric field induced reorientation of the nematic molecules, allowing us to exclude its contribution to the nonlinear response. New laser-induced birefringence effects with a buildup time of several seconds to minutes manifest themselves in: • the appearance of a polarization component perpendicular to the nematic director; • two different modes of spatial pattern formation with different patterns for parallel and perpendicular polarization: (1) At I ~ 1–5 MW/cm2, the perpendicular polarization component forms a four-leaf-clover (a Maltese-like cross) spatial pattern in the far-field from the initial Gaussian spatial intensity distribution. The incident, parallel polarization component forms a round spot with a single ring spatial pattern. (2) At higher incident intensities (I ~ 5–10 MW/cm2), a second regime of pattern formation is observed in the form of high definition patterns and only for the polarization component parallel to the nematic director.
Blocking of malaria parasite development in mosquito and fecundity reduction by midgut antibodies in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Suneja Amita , Gulia Monika , Gakhar S.K. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractRabbits were immunized three times with extracts of Anopheles stephensi midgut. Immunized rabbits showed a high titer of antibodies when characterized by ELISA. We investigated the effect of anti‐mosquito midgut antibodies on mosquito fecundity, longevity, mortality, engorgement, and the development of the malaria parasite in mosquitoes. Fecundity was reduced significantly (38%) and similarly hatchability by about 43.5%. There was no statistically significant effect on mortality, longevity, and engorgement. When the mosquito blood meal contained anti‐midgut antibodies, fewer oocysts of Plasmodium vivax developed in the mosquito midgut and the proportion of mosquitoes becoming infected was significantly reduced. We also found that the midgut antibodies inhibit the development and/or translocation of the sporozoites. Antisera raised against midgut of A. stephensi recognized eight polypeptides (110, 92, 70, 45, 38, 29, 15, 13 kDa) by Western blotting. Cross‐reactive antigens/epitopes present in other tissues of A. stephensi were also examined both by Western blotting and in vivo ELISA. Together, these observations open an avenue for research toward the development of a vector‐based malaria parasite transmission blocking vaccine and/or anti‐mosquito vaccine. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 52:63–70, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional plasticity of the predatory ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Comparison between natural and substitution prey
Authors: Specty Olivier , Febvay Gérard , Grenier Simon , Delobel Bernard , Piotte Christine , Pageaux Jean‐François , Ferran André , Guillaud Josette 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe predatory coccinellid Harmonia axyridis is a polyphagous species, efficient at controlling certain aphid species and already commercialized in Europe for that purpose. The complete development of this predator can be accomplished using the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum or Ephestia kuehniella eggs as substitution prey. Biochemical analyses were conducted on the proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of these two different prey species. E. kuehniella eggs were 2 times richer in amino acids than A. pisum adults (12% of the fresh weight vs. 6%). E. kuehniella eggs were 3 times richer in lipids than the aphids but, on the contrary, the aphids were 1.5 times richer in glycogen. The impact of these two kinds of food on the body composition of the coccinellid was evaluated to appreciate the degree of nutritional plasticity of the coccinellid. The composition of the coccinellids feeding either on E. kuehniella eggs or on aphids was compared for amino acid, fatty acid and glycogen contents, revealing a good capability of H. axyridis to develop on foods that are very different in their biochemical composition. Nevertheless, when fed on aphids, the crude protein content of the predator was reduced and the lipid content decreased by a factor of two, with a change in amino and fatty acid patterns. Some biological parameters, such as larval mortality, adult weight, and fecundity, were modified according to the food eaten. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 52:81–91, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polydnavirus of Campoletis chlorideae: Characterization and temporal effect on host Helicoverpa armigera cellular immune response
Authors: Yin Lihong , Zhang Cong , Qin Junde , Wang Chenzhu 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPolydnavirus was isolated from oviduct calyx in the parasitoid wasp Campoletis chlorideae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and termed CcIV. The virus particles consist of fusiform nucleocapsids surrounded by two unit membrane envelopes. The DNAs purified from these viruses were found diversified in molecular weight and existed in nonequimolar concentrations. At least 20 different‐sized bands were present after electrophoresis, and they ranged from approximately 3 to 26 kb. Persistence and gene expression of CcIV were examined in parasitized and virus‐injected Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Viral DNA could be detected in the hemocyte of H. armigera at 30 min post‐parasitization (p.p.), and persisted for 6 days. While no viral DNA increase was found, CcIV transcripts were first detected in host hemocytes at day 1 p.p. and continued for 5 days. Similar transcripts were observed in hemocytes from larvae that had been injected with calyx fluid or CcIV 24 h earlier. CcIV viral DNAs hybridized only with certain first‐strand cDNAs from hemocytes, suggesting that only part of the CcIV genome was expressed in H. armigera. The pattern of CcIV gene expression was consistent with that of the inhibition of encapsulation for Sephadex G‐10 and parasitoid eggs by host larvae. The recovery of host immune response at day 4 p.p. indicated that CcIV exhibited a partial and temporal effect on the host immune system and the developing parasitoid appeared to avoid encapsulation via different mechanisms. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 52:104–113, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and cDNA cloning of inducible antibacterial peptides from Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera)
Authors: Yoon, Hye Suk , Lee Chang Seok , Lee Sang Yong , Choi Chung Sik , Lee In Hee , Yeo Sung Moon , Kim Hak R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThree antibacterial peptides, named protaetins 1, 2, and 3, were purified and characterized from immunized larval hemolymph of Protaetia brevitarsis, a fruit tree pest in Korea. Also, protaetin 1 was cloned. Acid extraction, gel filtration, preparative acid‐urea PAGE, and reversed‐phase FPLC were used for purification of peptides. Protaetins 1 and 3 had molecular masses of 7.5 and 12 kDa on Tricine SDS‐PAGE, respectively, and the molecular mass of protaetin 2 was 9,283.95 Da as determined by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. In an antibacterial assay, protaetins showed antibacterial activities against a panel of Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria. For the RT‐PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) to obtain the complete primary sequence, the primer was designed according to the N‐terminal amino acid sequence of protaetin 1. Amino acid sequence homology of protaetin 1 with holotricin 2, an antibacterial peptide from Holotrichia diomphalia, showed 99% identity. Northern blot analysis showed that the protaetin 1 gene was strongly expressed in the fat body after Escherichia coli injection, but not in normal fat body. Also, it was expressed in the gut, but was much weaker after immunization. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 52:92–103, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophilus depresses nodulation reactions to infection by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis in tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta
Authors: Park Youngjin , Kim Yonggyun , Putnam Sean M. , Stanley David W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, is a virulent insect pathogen. We tested the hypothesis that this bacterium impairs insect cellular immune defense reactions by inhibiting biosynthesis of eicosanoids involved in mediating cellular defense reactions. Fifth instar tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta, produced melanized nodules in reaction to challenge with living and heat‐killed X. nematophilus. However, the nodulation reactions were much attenuated in insects challenged with living bacteria (approximately 20 nodules/larva for living bacteria vs. approximately 80 nodules/larva in insects challenged with heat‐killed bacteria). The nodule‐inhibiting action of living X. nematophilus was due to a factor that was present in the organic, but not aqueous, fraction of the bacterial cultural medium. The nodule‐inhibiting factor in the organic fraction was labile to heat treatments. The immunodepressive influence of the factor in the organic fraction was reversed by treating challenged hornworms with arachidonic acid. The factor also depressed nodulation reactions to challenge with the plant pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas putida and Ralstonia solanacearum. These findings indicate that one or more factors from X. nematophilus depress nodulation reactions in tobacco hornworms by inhibiting eicosanoid biosynthesis. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 52:71–80, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.