bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of persistent symptoms after COVID-19 (long COVID): a meta-analysis of controlled studies in children and adults
Authors: Azzam Ahmed , Khaled Heba , Refaey Neveen , Mohsen Shorouk , El-Emam Ola Ali , Dawood Nada , Ahmed Hebatalla A. , Soliman Omar A. , Mostafa Sana , Ramadan Heba , Mosa Maha , Elmowafy Amora Omar Ibrahim , Rizk Shimaa Mohamed Abdou , Zaki Ahmed , Hussien Mostafa , Ahmed Ameer , Ezzat Ahmad Ashraf , Hassan Fatma E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious meta-analyses estimating the prevalence of the post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) were confounded by the lack of negative control groups. This may result in an overestimation of the prevalence of those experiencing PCC, as these symptoms are non-specific and common in the general population. In this study, we aimed to compare the burden of persistent symptoms among COVID-19 survivors relative to COVID-19-negative controls.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using the following databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) until July 2023 for comparative studies that examined the prevalence of persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors. Given that many of the symptoms among COVID-19 survivors overlap with post-hospitalization syndrome and post-intensive care syndrome, we included studies that compare the prevalence of persistent symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients and in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to healthy controls that reported outcomes after at least 3 months since infection. The results of the meta-analysis were reported as odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval based on the random effects model.ResultsTwenty articles were included in this study. Our analysis of symptomatology in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to negative controls revealed that the majority of symptoms examined were not related to COVID-19 infection and appeared equally prevalent in both cohorts. However, non-COVID-19 hospitalized patients had higher odds of occurrence of certain symptoms like anosmia, ageusia, fatigue, dyspnea, and brain fog (P < 0.05). Particularly, anosmia and ageusia showed substantially elevated odds relative to the negative control group at 11.27 and 9.76, respectively,P < 0.05. In contrast, analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to those hospitalized for other indications did not demonstrate significantly higher odds for the tested symptoms.ConclusionsThe persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors may result from hospitalization for causes unrelated to COVID-19 and are commonly reported among the general population. Although certain symptoms exhibited higher odds in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to controls, these symptoms are common post-viral illnesses. Therefore, the persistent symptoms after COVID-19 may not be unique to SARS-CoV-2. Future studies including well-matched control groups when investigating persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors are warranted to draw a firm conclusion.
Hydraulic resistance of three-dimensional pial perivascular spaces in the brain
Authors: Boster Kimberly A. S. , Sun Jiatong , Shang Jessica K. , Kelley Douglas H. , Thomas John H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Perivascular spaces (PVSs) carry cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the brain, facilitating healthy waste clearance. Measuring those flows in vivo is difficult, and often impossible, because PVSs are small, so accurate modeling is essential for understanding brain clearance. The most important parameter for modeling flow in a PVS is its hydraulic resistance, defined as the ratio of pressure drop to volume flow rate, which depends on its size and shape. In particular, the local resistance per unit length varies along a PVS and depends on variations in the local cross section.

Methods
Using segmented, three-dimensional images of pial PVSs in mice, we performed fluid dynamical simulations to calculate the resistance per unit length. We applied extended lubrication theory to elucidate the difference between the calculated resistance and the expected resistance assuming a uniform flow. We tested four different approximation methods, and a novel correction factor to determine how to accurately estimate resistance per unit length with low computational cost. To assess the impact of assuming unidirectional flow, we also considered a circular duct whose cross-sectional area varied sinusoidally along its length.

Results
We found that modeling a PVS as a series of short ducts with uniform flow, and numerically solving for the flow in each, yields good resistance estimates at low cost. If the second derivative of area with respect to axial location is less than 2, error is typically less than 15%, and can be reduced further with our correction factor. To make estimates with even lower cost, we found that instead of solving for the resistance numerically, the well-known resistance of a circular duct could be scaled by a shape factor. As long as the aspect ratio of the cross section was less than 0.7, the additional error was less than 10%.

Conclusions
Neglecting off-axis velocity components underestimates the average resistance, but the error can be reduced with a simple correction factor. These results could increase the accuracy of future models of brain-wide and local CSF flow, enabling better prediction of clearance, for example, as it varies with age, brain state, and pathological conditions.
Acute effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers
Authors: Wang Tianjiao , Mao Jun , Bo Shumin , Zhang Li , Li Qing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health. However, there is a lack of research investigating the specific cardiovascular effects of different HIIT training modes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of cycling-type high intensity interval training (C-HIIT) and resistance-type high intensity interval training (R-HIIT) on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiac biomarkers in healthy young men.MethodsThis is a cross-over randomized trial. Eleven healthy active young men took part in both C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), heart rate variability (HRV), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured before, immediately and 30 min after the exercise in C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Meanwhile, blood samples for cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were assessed using ELISA before, 5min and 35min after exercise.ResultsThere was a significant time × group interaction effect (P = 0.019,ηp2 = 0.182) and time main effect for ⊿CAVI (P < 0.001,ηp2 = 0.729), and R-HIIT resulted in a more significant reduction in ⊿CAVI compared to C-HIIT (− 0.60 ± 0.30,P = 0.043,d = 0.924) immediately after exercise. There was a significant time main effect was observed for SBP (P = 0.001,ηp2 = 0.304). A significant time main effect for lnHF (P < 0.001,ηp2 = 0.782), lnRMSSD (P < 0.001,ηp2 = 0.693), and LF/HF (P = 0.001,ηp2 = 0.302) of HRV was observed. A significant time main effect was observed for cTnT (P = 0.023,ηp2 = 0.193) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.001,ηp2 = 0.334) of cardiac biomarkers.ConclusionR-HIIT and C-HIIT elicited similar acute responses in cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. However, R-HIIT was more effective in reducing arterial stiffness in healthy young men. Furthermore, the increase in cardiac biomarkers induced by both C-HIIT and R-HIIT was reversible.Trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered on 22 February 2022 atwww.chictr.org.cnwith identification number ChiCTR2200056897.
EBV DNA methylation profiles and its application in distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Tang Cao-Li , Li Xi-Zhao , Zhou Ting , Deng Chang-Mi , Jiang Cheng-Tao , Zhang Yu-Meng , Liao Ying , Wang Tong-Min , He Yong-Qiao , Xue Wen-Qiong , Jia Wei-Hua , Zheng Xiao-Hui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
As an oncovirus, EBV is associated with multiple cancers, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. EBV methylation plays an important role in regulating tumor occurrence. However, the EBV methylation profiles in EBV-associated tumor tissues are poorly understood.

Results
In this study, EBV methylation capture sequencing was conducted in several different tumor tissue samples, including NPC, EBVaGC, lung LELC and parotid LELC. Besides, EBV capture sequencing and following qMSP were performed on nasopharyngeal brushing samples from NPC and nasal NKTCL patients. Our results showed that the EBV genome among different types of tumors displayed specific methylation patterns. Among the four types of tumors from epithelial origin (NPC, EBVaGC, lung LELC and parotid LELC), the most significant differences were found between EBVaGC and the others. For example, in EBVaGC, all CpG sites within 1,44,189–1,45,136 bp of the EBV genome sequence on gene RPMS1 were hyper-methylated compared to the others. Differently, significant differences of EBV CpG sites, particularly those located on gene BILF2, were observed between NPC and nasal NKTCL patients in nasopharyngeal brushing samples. Further, the methylated level of BILF2 was further detected using qMSP, and a diagnostic model distinguishing NPC and nasal NKTCL was established. The AUC of the model was 0.9801 (95% CI 0.9524–1.0000), with the sensitivity and specificity of 98.81% (95% CI 93.63–99.94%) and 76.92% (95% CI 49.74–91.82%), respectively.

Conclusions
Our study reveals more clues for further understanding the pathogenesis of EBV, and provides a possibility for distinguishing EBV-related tumor by detecting specific EBV CpG sites.
Family planning behaviours among women with diabetes mellitus: a scoping review
Authors: Awang Dahlan Sarah , Idris Idayu Badilla , Mohammed Nawi Azmawati , Abd Rahman Rahana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancies is associated with adverse outcomes both for the mothers and babies. Postponing pregnancy in unoptimized conditions and stabilisation of glucose should be prioritized. This scoping review is aimed to determine the scope and at the same time map the types of evidence available that is related to family planning behaviours among women with diabetes mellitus, with a particular focus on their factors which influence family planning usage and subsequently enable the identification of knowledge gaps in preventing unintended pregnancies among this high-risk population.

Methods
This scoping review is guided by the methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley’s and Prisma-ScR checklist. PubMed, EBSCO and OVID were searched for empirical studies between 2000 and February 2022 using the search terms “family planning”, “contraceptive” and “diabetes mellitus”. Data were summarized according to the study characteristics and levels of factors influencing family planning behaviours.

Results
Thirty-five articles that met the eligibility criteria included 33 quantitative studies, one qualitative study and one mixed-methods study. The prevalence of family planning methods used by women with diabetes mellitus varied ranging from 4.8 to 89.8% among the studied population. Women with diabetes mellitus were reported to be less likely to utilise any family planning methods compared to women without diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions
Most of the evidence to date on family planning behaviours among women with diabetes mellitus focuses on the role of individual level sociodemographic factors. Few studies focused on exploring determinants at multiple levels. In this review we found that there is limited evidence on disease control and pregnancy intention in relation to their family planning practices. Future studies with more clinical and contextual factors are needed to guide the strengthening of family planning services for high-risk group women specifically for women with diabetes mellitus.
Sustain-release lipid-liquid crystal formulations of pexiganan against Helicobacter pylori infection: in vitro evaluation in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Ghazvini Kiarash , Kamali Hossein , Farsiani Hadi , Yousefi Masoud , Keikha Masoud 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori, is associated with significant digestive disorders. However, the effectiveness of bacterial eradication is declining due to drug resistance. A potent anti-H. pylori activity is shown by the natural antimicrobial peptide pexiganan.

Objective
The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pexiganan and its lipid-liquid crystals (LLCs) in inducing Helicobacter pylori in mice.

Methods
In this experimental study, H. pylori infection was first induced in C57BL/6 mice. Secondly, the antibacterial efficacy of pexiganan and its LLCs formulations was investigated to eliminate H. pylori infection.

Results
The H. pylori infection could not be completely eradicated by pexiganan peptide alone. However, incorporating pexiganan within the LLC formulation resulted in an increased elimination of H. pylori. Under the H&E strain, the pexiganan-LLCs formulation revealed minimal mucosal alterations and a lower amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in the stomach compared to the placebo.

Conclusion
Clarithromycin was more effective than pexiganan at all tested concentrations. Furthermore, the pexiganan-loaded LLCs exhibited superior efficacy in curing H. pylori infection in a mouse model compared to pexiganan alone. This formulation can enhance H. pylori clearance while mitigating the adverse effects, typically associated with conventional drugs, leading to a viable alternative to current treatment options.
Enhancing mitosis quantification and detection in meningiomas with computational digital pathology
Authors: Gu Hongyan , Yang Chunxu , Al-kharouf Issa , Magaki Shino , Lakis Nelli , Williams Christopher Kazu , Alrosan Sallam Mohammad , Onstott Ellie Kate , Yan Wenzhong , Khanlou Negar , Cobos Inma , Zhang Xinhai Robert , Zarrin-Khameh Neda , Vinters Harry V. , Chen Xiang Anthony , Haeri Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMitosis is a critical criterion for meningioma grading. However, pathologists’ assessment of mitoses is subject to significant inter-observer variation due to challenges in locating mitosis hotspots and accurately detecting mitotic figures. To address this issue, we leverage digital pathology and propose a computational strategy to enhance pathologists’ mitosis assessment. The strategy has two components: (1) A depth-first search algorithm that quantifies the mathematically maximum mitotic count in 10 consecutive high-power fields, which can enhance the preciseness, especially in cases with borderline mitotic count. (2) Implementing a collaborative sphere to group a set of pathologists to detect mitoses under each high-power field, which can mitigate subjective random errors in mitosis detection originating from individual detection errors. By depth-first search algorithm (1) , we analyzed 19 meningioma slides and discovered that the proposed algorithm upgraded two borderline cases verified at consensus conferences. This improvement is attributed to the algorithm’s ability to quantify the mitotic count more comprehensively compared to other conventional methods of counting mitoses. In implementing a collaborative sphere (2) , we evaluated the correctness of mitosis detection from grouped pathologists and/or pathology residents, where each member of the group annotated a set of 48 high-power field images for mitotic figures independently. We report that groups with sizes of three can achieve an average precision of 0.897 and sensitivity of 0.699 in mitosis detection, which is higher than an average pathologist in this study (precision: 0.750, sensitivity: 0.667). The proposed computational strategy can be integrated with artificial intelligence workflow, which envisions the future of achieving a rapid and robust mitosis assessment by interactive assisting algorithms that can ultimately benefit patient management.
Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with intrathoracic low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Authors: Ishida Hiroto , Funaki Soichiro , Taniguchi Seiji , Morii Eiichi , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a hereditary tumor syndrome characterized by endocrine tumors with mainly a parathyroid, pancreatic, or anterior pituitary origin. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare low-grade soft tissue tumor. There is one known report of a patient with MEN1 complicated by LGFMS, which is very rare. Our report represents the second documented case, providing valuable insights.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old man with the chief complaint of a cough underwent chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography, which revealed a giant hypoabsorptive tumor with a maximum diameter of 23 cm in the left thoracic cavity. The patient was diagnosed with MEN1, as he also possessed a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and parathyroid tumor, and because his father had been found to have MEN1. To control hypercalcemia, surgery for the parathyroid tumor was initially performed, followed by surgical resection of the giant thoracic tumor for diagnosis and treatment. Histopathological examination findings of the tumor resulted in a diagnosis of LGFMS.

Conclusion
We experienced a very rare MEN1 with LGFMS. Although endocrine tumors generally occur more frequently in MEN1, non-endocrine tumors such as the present case should also be noted, reinforcing the importance of systemic imaging scrutiny in addition to early diagnosis and long-term follow-up of MEN1 patients.
Genomic and Immunophenotypic Landscape of Acquired Resistance to PD-(L)1 Blockade in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ricciuti Biagio , Lamberti Giuseppe , Puchala Sreekar R. , Mahadevan Navin R. , Lin Jia-Ren , Alessi Joao V. , Chowdhury Alexander , Li Yvonne Y. , Wang Xinan , Spurr Liam , Pecci Federica , Di Federico Alessandro , Venkatraman Deepti , Barrichello Adriana P. , Gandhi Malini , Vaz Victor R. , Pangilinan Andy J. , Haradon Danielle , Lee Elinton , Gupta Hersh , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Welsh Emma L. , Nishino Mizuki , Cherniack Andrew D. , Johnson Bruce E. , Weirather Jason L , Dryg Ian D , Rodig Scott J. , Sholl Lynette M. , Sorger Peter , Santagata Sandro , Umeton Renato , Awad Mark M. 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have extended survival in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired resistance (AR) to ICI frequently develops after an initial benefit. However, the mechanisms of AR to ICI in NSCLC are largely unknown. METHODS Comprehensive tumor genomic profiling, machine learning–based assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, multiplexed immunofluorescence, and/or HLA-I immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on matched pre- and post-ICI tumor biopsies from patients with NSCLC treated with ICI at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute who developed AR to ICI. Two additional cohorts of patients with intervening chemotherapy or targeted therapies between biopsies were included as controls. RESULTS We performed comprehensive genomic profiling and immunophenotypic characterization on samples from 82 patients with NSCLC and matched pre- and post-ICI biopsies and compared findings with a control cohort of patients with non-ICI intervening therapies between biopsies (chemotherapy, N = 32; targeted therapies, N = 89; both, N = 17). Putative resistance mutations were identified in 27.8% of immunotherapy-treated cases and included acquired loss-of-function mutations in STK11, B2M, APC, MTOR, KEAP1, and JAK1/ 2; these acquired alterations were not observed in the control groups. Immunophenotyping of matched pre- and post-ICI samples demonstrated significant decreases in intratumoral lymphocytes, CD3e+ and CD8a+ T cells, and PD-L1–PD1 engagement, as well as increased distance between tumor cells and CD8+PD-1+ T cells. There was a significant decrease in HLA class I expression in the immunotherapy cohort at the time of AR compared with the chemotherapy ( P = .005) and the targeted therapy ( P = .01) cohorts. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the genomic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of ICI resistance in NSCLC, which will need to be considered when developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming resistance.
In silico comparison between the mutated and wild-type androgen receptors and their influence on the selection of optimum androgenic receptor blockers for the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: AL-Zobaidy Mohammed J. , Akeel Al-Hussaniy Hany , S. Al-tameemi Zahraa 
Published: January 2024

Background: Prostate cancer is a disease that occurs in men aged more than 50 years. In Iraq, 8.89 men per 100,000 population suffer from prostate cancer, with the incidence being 14,016 cases and mortality being 6,367 cases. Despite advances in treatment against prostate cancer, it can become resistant to drugs. Therefore, the aim of current study was to search and identify binding sites for the repositioning of drugs by computational methods (docking). Methods: Based on the protein structure of the wild androgen receptor, the analysis parameters (22x22x22 on the X, Y, and Z axes) were established. Results: The interactions of the natural ligands with androgen receptor were 10.0 (testosterone) and 10.8 (dihydrotestosterone) while mutated androgen receptor (T877A) had a low affinity with testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (-5.3 and -6.7, respectively). In the interactions of both receptors with the reported inhibitors (antagonists), a decrease with Bicalutamide (-8.3 and -4.3, respectively) and an increase in affinity with Flutamide and Nilutamide (-7.7 and 8.6, wild AR; -8.7 and -9.3 AR T877A) were observed. As for Enzalutamide and Apalutamide (second-generation antagonists), the change was minimal between wild androgen receptor and T877A (-7.6 and -7.7; -7.3 and -7.3, respectively). The change in the affinity of the ligands with androgen receptor and androgen receptor T877A shows how a mutation alters the bonds between these molecules. Conclusion: The identification of key sites and potent inhibitors against abnormal androgen receptor functions will enrich prostate cancer treatments.
Professional Achievements of Teachers: Scientific Representations and Longitudinal Analysis of Changes
Authors: Volkov V. , Modestova T. 
Published: January 2024

The article presents an analysis of research by Russian scientists devoted to the identification, evaluation and support of professional achievements of teachers conducted in the period from 2001 to 2023. In the course of the analysis, the authors also identified some features of the development by scientists of the substantive
aspects of the concept of «professional achievements of teachers». On this basis, to compare of the results of the author's research in 2000 and 2023 on the essence of professional achievements, the peculiarities of their perception by teachers, as well as the actual significance of individual components of achievements is determined. Based on the results of theoretical analysis, generalization and interpretation of the empirical data obtained, the authors formulated a number of possible management decisions aimed at providing conditions for the professional development of teachers of preschool and schools in the modern realities of Russian education.