bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some effects of marine reserve protection on the population structure of two spearfishing target‐fish species, Dicentrarchus labrax (Moronidae) and Sparus aurata (Sparidae), in shallow inshore waters, along a rocky coast in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Jouvenel J.‐Y. , Pollard D.A. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract1. The relative abundances of two highly sought after spearfishing target‐fish species, Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus 1758) and Sparus aurata Linnaeus 1758, were compared using underwater visual censuses in shallow (<5 m) inshore waters along rocky shores inside and outside a marine reserve area in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Banyuls‐sur‐Mer region, France).2. The relative abundances of these two species were consistently lower outside the reserve area, which comprised around 40% of the 25.6 km of inshore coastal waters surveyed.3. The demographic structure of D. labrax was also different inside and outside the protected area, the proportion of larger fish being significantly higher in the marine reserve.4. The direct and indirect impacts of spearfishing are postulated to explain the distributional and population structural characteristics of these two species in the shallow waters off this rocky coast.5. Prohibition of spearfishing has favoured the persistence of these species during summer (the main spearfishing season) in the shallower inshore waters inside the area of the Cerbère/Banyuls‐sur‐Mer marine reserve.6. These preliminary results indicate the need for additional work in this area and further surveys to ascertain spearfishing impacts on target‐fish species in the vicinity of other marine protected areas.Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acetylcholine receptors and nerve terminal distribution at the neuromuscular junction of non‐obese diabetic mice
Authors: Marques Maria Julia , Neto Humberto Santo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSkeletal muscle is one of the main targets of the metabolic alterations in diabetes, in which protein synthesis is markedly reduced followed by increased proteolysis. Ultrastructural and functional changes in the presynaptic compartment of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) have been demonstrated, but little attention has been paid to the proteins in the postsynaptic muscle fiber membrane. In the present work, we studied the changes in acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and nerve terminal distribution in the NMJ of non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The sternomastoid muscles of adult female NOD mice were double‐labeled for AChR and nerve terminal observation by fluorescence and reflected light confocal microscopy. In 62.4% of the diabetic endplates, AChR branches broke apart into receptor islands that stained less than in the normal mice. These patches had regular junctional folds. At most of the endplates studied, the nerve terminals colocalized with AChRs, and sprouts were seen in 10% of the diabetic endplates. The intramuscular nerve branches and axons in the nerve to the sternomastoid muscle showed no degenerative disorders. These results suggest that metabolic alterations in the diabetic muscle fiber can affect the distribution and expression of molecules, such as AChRs, in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Anat Rec 267:112–119, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limb myosin heavy chain isoproteins and muscle fiber types in the adult goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Argüello Anastasio , López‐Fernández Juan‐Luis , Rivero José‐Luis L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe primary focus of this study was the accurate classification of limb skeletal muscle fiber types in adult goats (Capra hircus) according to the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform they express. Combined methodologies of gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase), and quantitative metabolic enzyme histochemistry of M. semitendinosus samples were developed. Three MHCs were identified and tentatively designated as types I, IIA, and IIX. Five fiber types were defined immunohistochemically according to their MHC content: I, I+IIA, IIA, IIAX, and IIX. The hybrid fast‐twitch fibers (IIAX) totaled 21% of the fiber population analyzed. The three major pure fibers (I, IIA, and IIX) could be objectively separated upon the basis of their mATPase activities after acid and alkaline preincubations. The prominent number of hybrid fibers, however, could not be delineated with these mATPase methods. Metabolic and size properties of muscle fibers varied according to their MHC content, but overlapped the full range of muscle fiber phenotypes. These integrated data demonstrate that type II skeletal muscle fibers of small ruminants have been misclassified in previous studies. The immunohistochemical approach developed in the present study offers new prospects for muscle fiber typing in caprine experimental studies and meat production technologies. Anat Rec 264:284–293, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resistivity imaging of the linear earthworks at the Mull of Galloway, Dumfries and Galloway
Authors: Neighbour T. , Strachan R. , Hobbs B. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResistivity imaging was carried out over two linear earthworks that cut off a peninsula at the neck of the Mull of Galloway. The geophysical work formed part of a wider research programme, funded by Historic Scotland, involving excavation and survey, designed to assess the extent of erosion to the site. The southern (inner) line of earthworks is ca. 440 m long, whereas the northern (outer) earthwork measures only ca. 120 m. Both survive as turf and gorse covered, upstanding banks and ditches. Four resistivity images were taken across the earthworks. A further image was placed just to the south of the southern earthwork in an attempt to trace cobbles identified during excavation. The surveys used a Geopulse Imager system with 25 electrodes and an interelectrode spacing of 1 m, and apparent resistivities were acquired with the Wenner configuration. Topographic corrections were applied to the 22‐m‐long pseudosections, which were then inverted using Res2DInv to obtain resistivity models. Excavation of trenches through the earthworks confirmed that the resistivity models had been successful in providing an accurate picture of the character and construction of these rampart and ditch systems. Copyright © Crown Copyright 2001. Recorded with the permission of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of progressive strength training and aerobic exercise on muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness in women with fibromyalgia: A pilot study
Authors: Rooks Daniel S. , Silverman Caroline B. , Kantrowitz Fred G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the safety, feasibility and consequences of a program of progressive strength training and cardiovascular exercise in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).MethodsFifteen women with confirmed FMS were monitored for injury and exercise compliance, and assessed for muscle strength (1‐repetition maximum technique), cardiovascular endurance (6‐minute walk test), and functional status (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ]) before and after a 20‐week exercise intervention.ResultsZero injuries and an 81% compliance rate occurred during training. Improvement was seen in muscle strength of the lower (191 ± 75 to 265 ± 67 pounds;P< 0.001) and upper (61 ± 18 to 76 ± 18 pounds;P< 0.001) body, 6‐minute walk distance (530 ± 80 to 629 ± 74 meters;P< 0.001), and in FIQ score (44 ± 9 to 32 ± 14;P< 0.01).ConclusionA program of progressive strength training and cardiovascular exercise can be safe, well tolerated, and effective at improving muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance and functional status in women with FMS without exacerbating symptoms. This program may also contribute to a reduction in the severity of several symptoms.
Structural effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on joint space loss in osteoarthritis of the hip
Authors: Lequesne Michel , Maheu Emmanuel , Cadet Christian , Dreiser Renèe‐Liliane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the structural effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in the treatment of patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip.MethodsPatients with regular painful primary OA of the hip (European League Against Rheumatism 1980 criteria) and a joint space still ≥ 1 mm (Kellgren grade 1 to 3, assessed by an independent observer prior to inclusion) entered a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel group, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of 2 years duration. Patients had at least a 6‐month history of regular pain and an algofunctional index (AFI) ≥ 4. The primary assessment criterion was a decrease of the joint space width (JSW) on plain anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis performed in standing position, measured at the narrowest points by 2 independent readers, previously tested and selected and blinded to both the treatment and the time sequence. Secondary criteria were standard clinical outcome measurements (AFI, pain on a visual analog scale, consumption of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and patient's and investigator's global assessments).ResultsOne hundred sixty‐three patients were included: 102 men and 61 women (mean age 63.2 ± 8.7 years). A total of 108 patients (72 men and 36 women; mean age 64 ± 7.9 years) were radiologically evaluable at 23.7 ± 2.6 months (ASU group; n = 55) and 23.7 ± 3.2 months (placebo group; n = 53). Overall comparison of the evolution of JSW showed no difference between the ASU and placebo groups, from 2.35 ± 0.93 to 1.87 ± 1.10 mm and from 2.5 ± 0.94 to 1.9 ± 1.33 mm, respectively (intergroup P value at end point = 0.9). When patients were divided into 2 subgroups according to the median value of the baseline JSW (2.45 mm), the joint space loss in the most severely affected subgroup of patients (baseline JSW ≤ median) was significantly greater in the placebo group than in the ASU group: from 1.69 ± 0.58 to 0.84 ± 0.77 mm (−0.86 ± 0.62 mm) and from 1.66 ± 0.42 to 1.22 ± 0.7 mm (−0.43 ± 0.51 mm), respectively (P < 0.01). The JSW decrease was identical, with no difference in ASU and placebo groups, in the less severely affected subgroup of patients (baseline JSW > median). Clinical parameters in the 2 groups did not differ significantly throughout the study.ConclusionThis pilot randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial failed to demonstrate a structural effect of ASU in hip OA. However, in a post‐hoc analysis, ASU significantly reduced the progression of joint space loss as compared with placebo in the subgroup of patients with advanced joint space narrowing. These results suggest that ASU could have a structural effect but require confirmation in a larger placebo‐controlled study in hip OA.
Getting answers to natural language questions on the Web
Authors: Radev Dragomir R. , Libner Kelsey , Fan Weiguo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost popular search engines are not designed for answering natural language questions. However, when we asked hundreds of natural language questions of nine leading search engines, all retrieved at least one correct answer on more than three‐quarters of the questions. We identified the best‐performing search engines overall for factual natural language questions. We found performance differences depending on the domain of factual question asked. Other aspects of questions also predicted significantly different performance: the number of words in the question, the presence of a proper noun, and whether the question is time dependent. An additional analysis tested for differential performance by specific search engines on these four question factors. The analysis found no evidence for such interactions.
Seeking explanation in theory: Reflections on the social practices of organizations that distribute public use microdata files for research purposes
Authors: Robbin Alice , Koball Heather 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPublic concern about personal privacy has recently focused on issues of Internet data security and personal information as big business. The scientific discourse about information privacy focuses on the crosspressures of maintaining confidentiality and ensuring access in the context of the production of statistical data for public policy and social research and the associated technical solutions for releasing statistical data. This article reports some of the key findings from a small‐scale survey of organizational practices to limit disclosure of confidential information prior to publishing public use microdata files, and illustrates how the rules for preserving confidentiality were applied in practice. Explanation for the apparent deficits and wide variations in the extent of knowledge about statistical disclosure limitation (SDL) methods is located in theories of organizational life and communities of practice. The article concludes with suggestions for improving communication between communities of practice to enhance the knowledge base of those responsible for producing public use microdata files.
Bayesian‐type count data models with varying coefficients: estimation and testing in the presence of overdispersion
Authors: Fahrmeir Ludwig , Mayer Jochen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we study varying‐coefficient models for count data. A Bayesian approach is taken to model the variability of the regression parameters. Based on a Kalman filter procedure the varying coefficients are estimated as the mode of the posterior distribution. All hyperparameters, including an overdispersion parameter in the negative binomial varying‐coefficient model (NBVC), are estimated as ML‐estimators using an EM‐type algorithm. A bootstrapping test of the fixed‐coefficient hypothesis against a varying‐coefficient alternative is proposed, which is evaluated running a simulation study. The study shows that the choice of a suitable count data model is of special importance in the framework of varying‐coefficient models. The methodology is illustrated analysing the determinants of the number of individual doctor visits. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stock timing using genetic algorithms
Authors: Korczak J. , Roger P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a genetic algorithm to search a set of technical trading rules which gives buying and selling advices about individual stocks is proposed. This approach is tested out of a sample of 24 French stocks among the most important stocks traded on the French market. We show that in most cases, the method outperforms a simple buy and hold strategy. However, we also illustrate the fact that the near‐optimal set of rules varies through time and across stocks. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral separation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques. A Review
Authors: Gübitz Gerald , Schmid Martin G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis review gives a survey of different chiral separation principles and their use in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) highlighting new developments and innovative techniques. The mechanisms of the different separation principles are briefly discussed and some selected applications are shown. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GSM phone signal does not produce subjective symptoms
Authors: Koivisto Mika , Haarala Christian , Krause Christina M. , Revonsuo Antti , Laine Matti , Hämäläinen Heikki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe influence of pulsed radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields of digital GSM mobile phones (902 MHz, 217 Hz pulse modulation) on subjective symptoms or sensations in healthy subjects were studied in two single‐blind experiments. The duration of the RF exposure was about 60 min in Experiment 1 and 30 min in Experiment 2. Each subject rated symptoms or sensations in the beginning of the experimental session and at the end of both the exposure and the nonexposure conditions. The symptoms rated were headache, dizziness, fatigue, itching or tingling of the skin, redness on the skin, and sensations of warmth on the skin. The results did not reveal any differences between exposure and non‐exposure conditions, suggesting that a 30–60 min exposure to this RF field does not produce subjective symptoms in humans. Bioelectromagnetics 22:212–215, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure suggests function: the case for synaptic ribbons as exocytotic nanomachines
Authors: Lenzi David , von Gersdorff Henrique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSynaptic ribbons, the organelles identified in electron micrographs of the sensory synapses involved in vision, hearing, and balance, have long been hypothesized to play an important role in regulating presynaptic function because they associate with synaptic vesicles at the active zone. Their physiology and molecular composition have, however, remained largely unknown. Recently, a series of elegant studies spurred by technical innovation have finally begun to shed light on the ultrastructure and function of ribbon synapses. Electrical capacitance measurements have provided sub‐millisecond resolution of exocytosis, evanescent‐wave microscopy has filmed the fusion of single 30 nm synaptic vesicles, electron tomography has revealed the 3D architecture of the synapse, and molecular cloning has begun to identify the proteins that make up ribbons. These results are consistent with the ribbon serving as a vesicle “conveyor belt” to resupply the active zone, and with the suggestion that ribbon and conventional chemical synapses have much in common. BioEssays 23:831–840, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Influence of benign cellular changes in diagnosis of cervical cancer using IR microspectroscopy
Authors: Romeo Melissa J. , Quinn Michael A. , Burden Frank R. , McNaughton Don 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIR spectroscopy and principal components analysis (PCA) of endocervical cells and smears diagnosed with benign cellular changes were investigated to determine the influence of these potential confounding variables in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Spectral differences in all cell and diagnostic types investigated were found in the phosphodiester and carbohydrate regions. However, the spectral differences in other bands were not distinct enough to allow differentiation between groups. The PCA was successfully used to obtain a separation of normal ectocervical smears from normal endocervical cells and smears diagnosed with inflammation, Candida albicans, and bacterial vaginosis. A separation with a slight overlap of abnormal ectocervical smears from normal endocervical cells, inflammation, and bacterial vaginosis was obtained with PCA. Candida was not separated from abnormal ectocervical smears with any success. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 362–366, 2002
One‐step purification, covalent immobilization, and additional stabilization of poly‐His‐tagged proteins using novel heterofunctional chelate‐epoxy supports
Authors: Mateo Cesar , Fernández‐Lorente Gloria , Cortés Estrella , Garcia José L. , Fernández‐Lafuente Roberto , Guisan José M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEpoxy supports covalently immobilize proteins following a two‐step mechanism; that is, the protein is physically adsorbed and then the covalent reaction takes place. This mechanism has been exploited to combine the selectivity of metal chelate affinity chromatography with the covalent immobilization capacity of epoxy supports. In this way, it has been possible to accomplish, in a simple manner, the purification, immobilization, and stabilization of a poly‐His‐tagged protein. To fulfill this objective we developed a new kind of multifunctional epoxy support (chelate epoxy support [CES]), which was tested using a poly‐His‐tagged glutaryl acylase as a model protein (an αβ‐heterodimeric enzyme of significant industrial interest). The selectivity of the immobilization in CES toward poly‐His‐tagged proteins was dependent to a large extent on the density and nature of the chelated metal. The highest selectivity was achieved by using low‐density chelate groups (e.g., 5 μmol/g) and metals with a low affinity (e.g., Co). However, the rate of covalent immobilization of the protein by its reaction with the epoxy groups on the support significantly increased at alkaline pH values. The multipoint attachment to the CES also depended on the reaction time. The immobilization of both glutaryl acylase subunits was achieved by incubation of the enzyme derivative at pH 10 for 24 h, with the best enzyme derivative 100‐fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. By taking advantage of the selectivity properties of the novel support, we were able to immobilize up to 30 mg of protein per gram of modified Eupergit 250 using either pure enzyme or a very crude enzyme extract. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 269–276, 2001.
Catalytic buffers enable positive‐response inhibition‐based sensing of nerve agents
Authors: Russell Alan J. , Erbeldinger Markus , DeFrank Joseph J. , Kaar Joel , Drevon Geraldine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report herein an efficient method to control pH in reactions catalyzed by hydrolytic enzymes, such as the degradation of paraoxon by phosphotriesterase (E.G. 3.1.8.1; OPH), using urease‐catalyzed (E.G. 3.5.1.5) urea hydrolysis as a buffering agent. Given the distinct pH profiles of urease and OPH activities, urease produces base on demand in response to pH drop during paraoxon detoxification. As pH changes, the enzyme activities fluctuate to finally stabilize at a pH “set‐point,” where the rates of acid and base generation are equal. By varying the urease to OPH ratio, various pH “set‐points” ranging between 6.5 and 8.5 were achieved within minutes and could be predicted theoretically. This dynamic approach for pH control was successfully applied to the development of a positive‐response inhibition‐based sensor. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 352–357, 2002.