bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotaxonomy, morphology and molecular systematics of the Bioko form of Simulium yahense (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Post R.J. , Flook P.K. , Millest A.L. , Cheke R.A. , McCall P.J. , Wilson M.D. , Mustapha M. , Somiari S. , Davies J.B. , Mank R.A. , Geenen P. , Enyong P. , Sima A. , Mas J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCytotaxonomic analysis of the polytene chromosomes from larvae of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex from the island of Bioko in Equatorial Guinea is reported, and a new endemic cytoform is described. Chromosomally this cytoform is close to both S. squamosum (Enderlein) and S. yahense Vajime & Dunbar, but is not identical to either. However, it is morphologically and enzymatically identical to S. yahense. The Bioko form was also found to differ from other cytoforms of the S. damnosum complex in West Africa in the copy number or RFLP pattern of several different repetitive DNA sequences. It is clear that the Bioko form is genetically distinct from other populations of the S. damnosum complex, and whilst it is closest to S. yahense, it shows features that suggest a high degree of geographical and genetic isolation. Such isolation is an important consideration in the assessment of the potential for onchocerciasis vector eradication on Bioko.
MINIMAL NONSIMPLE SETS OF VOXELS IN BINARY IMAGES ON A FACE-CENTERED CUBIC GRID
Authors: GAU C. J. , KONG T. Y. 
Published: April 2003

One can prove that a specified parallel thinning algorithm always preserves the topology of the input binary image by verifying that no iteration of that algorithm can ever delete a minimal non-simple ("MNS") set of 1's of an image. For binary images on a 3D face-centered cubic ("FCC") grid, we determine which sets of voxels can be MNS, and also determine which of those sets can be MNS without being a component of the 1's. These two problems are complicated by the fact that there are (at least) three reasonable ways of defining connectedness for sets of 1's and 0's in a binary image on an FCC grid, since one can: (a) use 18-connectedness for sets of 1's and 12-connectedness for sets of 0's; (b) use 12-connectedness both for sets of 1's and for sets of 0's; (c) use 12-connectedness for sets of 1's and 18-connectedness for sets of 0's. We solve the two problems in all three cases. The analogous problems for binary images on Cartesian grids were first solved by Ronse (in the 2D case) and Ma (in the 3D case). However, our treatment of simple 1's and MNS sets is rather different from theirs, in that it is based on the attachment sets of 1's in binary images. This concept was introduced in an earlier paper [T. Y. Kong, "On topology preservation in 2-D and 3-D thinning," Int. J. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence9 (1995) 813–844] and we use the same general approach to MNS sets as was used there. The voxels of an FCC grid are rhombic dodecahedra, which are rather more difficult to visualize and draw than the cubical voxels of a 3D Cartesian grid. An advantage of working with attachment sets is that such sets can be shown in a planar Schlegel diagram of a voxel, which is easy to draw.
“What's on the worker's mind”: Class passing and the study of the industrial workplace in the 1920s
Authors: Pittenger Mark 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPosing, living, and laboring as American workers, several 1920s reformist labor investigators sought to develop an alternative to Frederick Taylor's famous characterization of a typical manual laborer as mentally akin to an ox. Through their experiences as workers, they believed that they gained real if limited access to working‐class pyschology. Accordingly, they presented views of the worker's mind that significantly loosened the strictures of hereditarian and, expecially in the case of foreign‐born workers, scientific racist thought. But their efforts were shaped by their own backgrounds and biases, and by those of the academic authorities upon whose work they built, and were also mediated through the complexities of their efforts to pass across the class line. Their work finally lent itself less to the purposes of industrial democracy and reform than to those of the rising 1920s schools of industrial psychology, industrial sociology, and personnel relations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced peripheral MR angiography at 3.0 Tesla: Initial experience with a whole‐body scanner in healthy volunteers
Authors: Leiner Tim , de Vries Marianne , Hoogeveen Romhild , Vasbinder G. Boudewijn C. , Lemaire Etienne , van Engelshoven Jos M.A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPurposeTo report preliminary experience with contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) of the peripheral arteries on a 3.0 T whole‐body scanner equipped with a prototype body coil.Materials and MethodsFour healthy volunteers were imaged on the 3.0 T system and, for comparative purposes, two of the subjects were also imaged on a commercially available 1.5 T whole‐body system. To investigate field strength influence on objective image quality, signal‐to‐noise (SN) and contrast‐to‐noise (CN) ratios were calculated for named vessels from the infrarenal aorta to the ankles at both field strengths. Comparable imaging protocols were used at both field strengths. In addition, two reviewers, blinded for field strength, gave subjective image quality scores (three‐point scale).ResultsSN and CN ratios were approximately equal on both systems (variation ≤9%) for the iliac and proximal upper leg stations. For the popliteal and lower leg stations SN ratios were 36% and 97% higher, and CN ratios were 44% and 127% higher, at 3.0 T. Subjective image quality at 3.0 T was substantially better for the distal upper and lower legs.ConclusionContrast‐enhanced peripheral MRA is possible at 3.0 T when an imaging protocol similar to a current state‐of‐the‐art 1.5 T protocol is used. Objective and subjective image quality at 3.0 T is comparable for the iliac and upper legs but better for the popliteal and lower leg arteries. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:609–614. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ion release in the C horizon of a forest soil triggered by Carbonic Acid
Authors: Kohler Martin , Hildebrand Ernst E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIon release in the C horizon of a Skeletic Umbrisol on gneiss bedrock was investigated by percolation experiments at a water status near field capacity and with adjusted CO2 partial pressures in soil air. CO2 partial pressures of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 bar with pH‐values of 5.7, 4.9, and 4.5 yielded cation release rates of 3.0, 8.5, and 12.3 kmolc yr–1 ha–1 at a 1 m horizon depth and 800 mm seepage water. Within the pH range of 5.7 to 4.5, the activity of carbonic acid triggers ion release. For the treatment with a CO2 partial pressure of 0.001, the isolation of a weathering rate (0.5 kmolc yr–1 ha–1) was possible because parallel running processes such as the dissolution of solid compounds could be identified by dissolved anions, and exchange processes only modified internal ratios of mobilized basic cations. The weathering rate at a site‐typical CO2 partial pressure of 0.01 bar was about 5–10 times higher than usually assumed in the literature. There are three reasons that may account for this: (1) the consideration of actual carbonic acid activities and (2) specific site features such as the richness of basic minerals and/or the presence of a skeletal fraction with micro voids and fissures providing large internal surfaces. Furthermore, (3) it can not be completely excluded that parallel running exchange processes contribute to ion release.
Hair lead and cadmium concentrations in patients with epilepsy and migraine
Authors: Sasmaz Sezai , Uz Efkan , Pinar Tevfik , Vural Hüseyin , Eiri Mücahit , Ilihan Atilla , Akyol Ömer 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEpilepsy and migraine are neurological manifestations of neurocutaneous diseases. The studies that investigate the etiology of these manifestations may illuminate the physiopathological bases of neurocutaneous disorders. The hypothesis that the elevation of toxic trace element concentration in the brain is an important triggering factor for seizures and subsequent neuronal damage in epilepsy and migraine was investigated in this clinical prospective study.The levels of two heavy metals (lead [Pb] and cadmium [Cd]) in scalp hair were measured in patients with epilepsy (n=33) and migraine (n=40) as well as healthy control subjects (n=26). The hair concentration of these two toxic trace elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There was a significant increase in Pb concentration in epilepsy group when compared to both control (p<0.006) and migraine group (p<0.02). There was no difference in mean Cd concentration of hair from epilepsy, migraine patients and control groups. Therefore, no conclusive findings were obtained for CD. Elevated Pb content in epileptic patients was accepted as being of particular importance. Our findings support the hypothesis that the elevation in Pb concentration in the scalp hair amongst patients with epilepsy may show the elevation in the brain and constitute an important triggering factor for seizures.
Bipolaron stability in an ellipsoidal potential well
Authors: Pokatilov E. P. , Croitoru M. D. , Fomin V. M. , Devreese J. T. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBipolaron states in ellipsoidal quantum dots are examined within the framework of Feynman's path‐integral formalism. The following characteristics of these quasiparticles are calculated: the binding energy, the number of phonons in the bipolaron cloud and the radii. The impact of both shape and size of a mesoscopic structure on the bipolaron characteristics is studied. It is shown, that in the case of strong confinement the influence of the confinement geometry is very pronounced. Two different cases are possible. (i) When the radius Rk corresponding to a given k‐axis of the ellipsoidal potential well is fixed to be less than the radius R0, at which the bipolaron binding energy in a spherical quantum dot achieves its maximum, the bipolaron binding energy passes consecutively through a local maximum and a local minimum with increasing the confinement strength corresponding to the other axes (i ≠ k). (ii) When Rk ≫ R0, the bipolaron binding energy shows only a monotonous growth with decreasing the effective sizes of the structure along the other axes (i ≠ k).
Neural networks for effect prediction in environmental and health issues using large datasets
Authors: Kaiser Klaus L. E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractNeural network methodologies allow the modeling of non‐linear relationships. This makes them useful tools for the analysis of larger data sets of non‐congeneric compounds with unknown or varying modes of action. This brief review describes recent advances and their applications to sets of several hundred to over 1 000 compounds, modeling acute toxicity data for several aquatic species, including fish, ciliate, bacteria, and non‐acute toxicity data for a mammalian species endpoint, i.e. estrogen receptor binding assay data.
Evaluation of a Novel Short‐Term Algal Toxicity Assay by the Development of QSARs and Inter‐Species Relationships for Narcotic Chemicals
Authors: Worgan Andrew D. P. , Dearden John C. , Edwards Robert , Netzeva Tatiana I. , Cronin Mark T. D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA novel short term toxicity assay utilising the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris is described. The test is based upon the premise that all living organisms contain non‐specific esterase enzymes, the activity of which can be assessed by the measurement of the disappearance of the ester, or appearance of the product. The novel assay described utilises fluorescein diacetate which is metabolised to fluorescein. The appearance of fluorescein, after 15 minutes exposure to the toxicant, was measured fluorimetrically. The concentration causing a 50% decrease in fluorescence, as compared to a control, was determined for 10 non‐polar and 10 polar narcotics. Toxicity was related significantly to hydrophobicity for both mechanisms of action, with the QSAR for polar narcosis having a lower slope and higher intercept than that for non‐polar narcosis. Significant inter‐species relationships of the toxicity data with those for a 6 hour Chlorella vulgaris, and 40 hour Tetrahymena pyriformis, toxicity assay were also observed.
Bayesian evaluation of breast cancer screening using data from two studies
Authors: Myles Jonathan P. , Nixon Richard M. , Duffy Stephen W. , Tabar Laszlo , Boggis Caroline , Evans Gareth , Shenton Andrew , Howell Anthony 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe mean sojourn time (the duration of the period during which a cancer is symptom free but potentially detectable by screening) and the screening sensitivity (the probability that a screen applied to a cancer in the preclinical screen detectable period will result in a positive diagnosis) are two important features of a cancer screening programme. Little data from any single study are available on the potential effectiveness of mammographic screening for breast cancer in women with a family history of the disease, despite this being an important public health issue. We develop a method of estimation, from two separate studies, of the two parameters, assuming that transition from no disease to preclinical screen detectable disease, and from preclinical disease to clinical disease, are Poisson processes. Estimation is performed by a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The method is applied to the synthesis of two studies of mammographic screening in women with a family history of breast cancer, one in Manchester and one in Kopparberg, Sweden. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the importance of disease rate versus practice style variations in explaining differences in small area hospitalization rates for two respiratory conditions
Authors: Peköz Erol A. , Shwartz Michael , Iezzoni Lisa I. , Ash Arlene S. , Posner Michael A. , Restuccia Joseph D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMany studies have reported large variations in age‐ and sex‐adjusted rates of hospitalizations across small geographic areas. These variations have often been attributed to differences in medical practice style which are not reflected in differences in health care outcomes. There is, however, another potentially important source of variation that has not been examined much in the literature: geographic differences in the age–sex adjusted size of the pool of patients who present with the disease and are candidates for hospitalization. Previous studies of small area variations in hospitalization rates have only used data on hospitalizations. Thus, it has not been possible to distinguish the extent to which differences in hospitalization rates are due to (i) differences in the chance that patients diagnosed with a disease are admitted to a hospital, which we refer to as the ‘practice style effect,’ versus (ii) geographic differences in the total amount of diagnosed disease, which we refer to as the ‘disease effect.’ Elementary methods for estimating the relative strength of the two effects directly from the data can be misleading, since equal amounts of variability in each effect result in unequal impacts on hospitalization rates. In this paper we describe a model‐based approach for estimating the relative importance of the practice style effect and the disease effect in explaining variations in hospitalization rates. The key to our approach is the use of data on both inpatient and outpatient visits. We use 1997 Medicare data for two respiratory medical conditions across 71 small areas in Massachusetts: chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and bacterial pneumonia. Based on a Poisson model for the process generating hospitalizations and outpatient visits, we use a Bayesian framework and Gibbs sampling to compute and compare the correlation between the number of people hospitalized and each of these two sources of variation. Our results show that for the two conditions, disease rate variation explains at least as much of the variation in hospitalization rates as does practice style variation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Markov modelling of changes in HIV‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte responses with time in untreated HIV‐1 infected patients
Authors: Kousignian I. , Autran B. , Chouquet C. , Calvez V. , Gomard E. , Katlama C. , Rivière Y. , Costagliola D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHIV‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T‐lymphocytes (CTL) appear to be the cornerstone of the immune response to HIV infection. Recent studies show that CTL activity reflects patients' anti‐HIV immune status and slows disease progression. However, the dynamics of the diversity of this response also appears as a key parameter for immune control but the dynamics of this diversity is largely undocumented. We modelled changes in CTL responses against the seven principal HIV proteins over time. We also studied the influence of plasma viral load on temporal changes in HIV protein recognition by memory CTL. The generic model we developed is based on a continuous time homogeneous Markov process with reversible states. Those states are defined by the number of proteins recognized by memory CTL in a given patient at a given time. This approach was developed within a Bayesian framework. Full Bayesian inference is implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations (MCMC). The Gibbs sampling algorithm was used to estimate the marginal posterior distributions of the transition intensities between stages of CTL responses. We applied our model to data of 152 HIV‐infected patients included in the IMMUNOCO cohort. The model suggested that the diversity of HIV protein recognition by memory CTL in treatment‐naive patients decreases as the disease progresses. Namely, the loss of T cytotoxic responses is globally faster than their acquisition. Indeed, these patients' T cytotoxic responses were characterized by marked individual turnover and a gradual loss of multiple protein recognition over time, this loss accelerating as viral load increased. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Updated precipitation series for the U.K. and discussion of recent extremes
Authors: Alexander L. V. , Jones P. D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe present an automated method for updating existing long‐running precipitation series in near‐real time. Our analyses confirm the trend towards significantly drier summers in the south‐east of England and significantly wetter winters in the west of Scotland. In 2000 England and Wales saw the wettest April since records began in 1766 and record‐breaking daily precipitation in several regions in October led to the wettest autumn on record. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
A standard test for AGCMs including their physical parametrizations. II: results for the Met Office Model
Authors: Neale R. B. , Hoskins B. J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractExample results are shown for the proposed aqua‐planet experiments using a version of The Met Office Unified Model (UM). The zonal mean circulation exhibits strong sensitivity to the latitudinal distribution of sea‐surface temperatures (SST). Longitudinal variation of SST yields information on the linearity and distribution of the convective response. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society.
Activation-induced PPARγ expression sensitizes primary human T cells toward apoptosis
Authors: Tautenhahn Anja , Brüne Bernhard , von Knethen Andreas 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) elicited expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in primary human T cells via the PPARγ3 promoter, as shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated no correlation between PPARγ expression and its activation. However, addition of specific PPARγ agonists such as ciglitazone or 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) for 1 h following PHA pretreatment provoked PPARγ activation verified by supershift analysis. Taking the proapoptotic properties of PPARγ into consideration, we analyzed induction of apoptosis in activated T cells in response to PPARγ agonists. Cells exposed to PPARγ agonists alone revealed minor cell death compared with controls, whereas treatment with 15d-PGJ2 or ciglitazone for 4 h subsequent to PHA stimulation significantly increased cell demise, which was attenuated by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD, pointing to apoptosis as the underlying mechanism. These data may be relevant for pathophysiological conditions accompanied with lymphopenia of T cells under conditions such as sepsis.
Der Briefwechsel Jean‐Daniel Buchingers (Bestandsübersicht). Ein deutsch‐französischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Robin Nicolas 
Published: April 2003

AbstractJean‐Daniel Buchinger (1803‐1888) est de ces hommes qui ont œuvré toute leur vie au service de la science et de la communauté scientifique, sans pour autant que leurs noms passent à la postérité. Inspecteur des écoles primaires du Bas‐Rhin puis directeur de l'orphelinat de Strasbourg, il est surtout connu par la communauté scientifique comme botaniste. J.‐D. Buchinger est au centre d'un réseau franco‐allemand d'échanges d'herbiers et d'ouvrages de sciences naturelles. La correspondance de cet érudit strasbourgeois du 19ème siècle témoigne de son rôle d'intermédiaire scientifique. La Bibliothèque Nationale et Universitaire de Strasbourg conserve plus de 15000 lettres adressées à J.‐D. Buchinger ou composant sa collection personnelle d'autographes. Il était nécessaire de créer une nouvelle entrée à cette source de manuscrits dont l'inventaire ci‐joint constitue une base de recherche pour l'historien.
Explaining adult homelessness in the US by stratification or situation
Authors: Sosin Michael R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn the US, the most widely accepted individual‐level explanations of homelessness suggest that adults lose their dwellings when they cannot compete in the marketplace for the monetary resources needed to pay for housing, and cannot compete in a non‐market struggle for compensatory resources. Such resource problems allegedly typically reflect myriad lifetime and current personal problems or deficits. However, the causal role of the problems and deficits is now known to be complex, and evidence about transitions in and out of homelessness suggests that key events occur somewhat independently of easily measured individual problems or deficits. This article, therefore, provides an alternative explanatory approach that directly focuses on aspects of the probabilistic situations that spur, or fail to reverse homelessness. The events and resource issues are posited to give rise to episodes of homelessness that vary in length, that are indirectly affected by many commonly mentioned individual traits, and that can be matched to targeted policies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous atrial septostomy for urgent palliative treatment of severe refractory cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular infarction
Authors: Kernis Steven J. , Goldstein James , Yerkey Michael , Levin Robert N. , O'Neill William W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe report a novel palliative treatment to improve refractory cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular ischemia. We performed percutaneous atrial septostomy to create an atrial septal defect, which resulted in immediate right ventricular decompression and increased left ventricular filling associated with prompt and dramatic hemodynamic and clinical improvement. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:44–48. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diastereoselective Zinc‐Mediated Barbier‐Type Allylation and Propargylation of 3‐Formylcephalosporins
Authors: Keltjens Rolf , Vadivel Subramanian K. , Gelder René de , Klunder Antonius J. H. , Zwanenburg Binne 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe describe the allylation and propargylation of 3‐formylcephalosporins under zinc‐mediated, aqueous Barbier conditions, from which the corresponding homoallylic alcohols are produced in good yields and with good‐to‐excellent diastereoselectivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)