bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous carboyxfullerene analogue attenuated cerebral infarct and extracellular glutamate levels in anesthetized rat
Authors: Tsai Pi‐Ju , Chen Wen‐Yin , Luh Tien‐Yau , Yang Chung‐Shi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have examined the effects of an aqueous‐soluble carboxyfullerene analogue on the cerebral ischemia‐induced infarct volume, and on extracellular glutamate accumulation, in an anesthetized rat brain cortex. A C3‐symmetric carboxylic acid derivative of C60 (C3‐C60), which contains three malonic acid groups per molecule, was administered intraventricularly (5 μL of a 30‐μM solution of C3‐C60 over a period of 40 min). Cerebral ischemia was induced by the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) and the unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA). The infarct volume was calculated by analysis of 2‐mm coronal sections of brain slices that were stained using TTC. We analyzed the glutamate concentrations in the cortex by microdialysis perfusion and on‐line HPLC analysis. Administering C3‐C60 significantly decreases the infarct volume (infarct percentage relative to total volume: 8 ± 1.4%) when compared with the vehicle (22 ± 2.6%; p < 0.01), which was similar to that of the control (22 ± 1.2%). Additionally, administering C3‐C60 significantly decreases ischemia‐induced extracellular glutamate accumulation when compared with the vehicle. These results suggest that an aqueous‐soluble analogue of carboxyfullerene can protect a cerebral ischemia‐induced infarct. This protective effect may be related to the attention of the accumulation of extracellular excitatory amino acids such as glutamate. The detailed mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of C3‐C60 require further investigation.
Synthesis, characterization, and optimum reaction conditions of oligo‐2‐[(pyridine‐2‐yl‐methylene) amino] phenol
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Moral Fatma , Erdener Diğdem 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe reaction conditions of the oxidative polycondensation of 2‐[(pyridine‐2‐yl‐methylene) amino] phenol (2‐PMAP) with air O2, H2O2, and NaOCl were studied in an aqueous alkaline medium between 60 and 90 °C. Oligo‐2‐[(pyridine‐2‐yl‐methylene) amino] phenol (O‐2‐PMAP) was characterized with 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and elemental analysis techniques. Moreover, solubility testing of the oligomer was performed in polar and nonpolar organic solvents. With the NaOCl, H2O2, and air O2 oxidants, the conversions of 2‐PMAP into O‐2‐PMAP were 98, 87, and 62%, respectively, in an aqueous alkaline medium. According to SEC, the number‐average molecular weight, weight‐average molecular weight, and polydispersity index of O‐2‐PMAP were 2262 g mol−1, 2809 g mol−1, and 1.24 with NaOCl, 3045 g mol−1, 3861 g mol−1, and 1.27 with air O2, and 1427 g mol−1, 1648 g mol−1, and 1.16 with air H2O2, respectively. Also, thermogravimetric analysis showed that O‐2‐PMAP was stable against thermooxidative decomposition. The weight loss of O‐2‐PMAP was 96.68% at 900 °C. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2717–2724, 2004
The stress relaxation behavior of isotactic poly(1‐butene) and its ethylene copolymers
Authors: Al‐Hussein M. , Strobl G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe tensile stress relaxation behavior subsequent to different imposed strains of poly(1‐butene) was studied at room temperature. The plastic and elastic strains after a stress relaxation practically agree with those found for an immediate unloading. This indicates that the same decomposition of the total strain would also be found in an ideal quasi‐stationary stretching experiment. Unloading curves as measured after a stress relaxation have a curved appearance indicative for a continuous change from forces of the crystal skeleton to forces of the entanglement network. Measured stress relaxation curves begin with an instantaneous drop, which can be associated with the cessation of a viscous flow, and then continue with a retarded relaxation process. The crystallite fragmentation process that sets in at the critical strain εH = 0.7 leads to a rising value of the instantaneous drop. The retarded component can be related to the transition of the crystalline blocks from positions that they adopt during the stretching to the actual equilibrium positions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2074–2080, 2004
Activity of Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) and ricinine against the leaf‐cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus
Authors: Bigi Maria Fátima MA , Torkomian Vera LV , de Groote Suzanne TCS , Hebling Maria José A , Bueno Odair C , Pagnocca Fernando C , Fernandes João B , Vieira Paulo C , da Silva Maria Fátima GF 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe focus of this study was the identification of compounds from plant extracts for use in crop protection. This paper reports on the toxic activity of fractions of leaf extracts of Ricinus communis L (Euphorbiaceae) and isolated active compounds in the leaf‐cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel and its symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Singer) Möller. The main compounds responsible for activity against the fungus and ant in leaf extracts of R communis were found to be fatty acids for the former and ricinine for the ants. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantifying and comparing the accuracy of binary biomarkers when predicting a failure time outcome
Authors: Moskowitz Chaya S. , Pepe Margaret S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe positive and negative predictive values are standard measures used to quantify the predictive accuracy of binary biomarkers when the outcome being predicted is also binary. When the biomarkers are instead being used to predict a failure time outcome, there is no standard way of quantifying predictive accuracy. We propose a natural extension of the traditional predictive values to accommodate censored survival data. We discuss not only quantifying predictive accuracy using these extended predictive values, but also rigorously comparing the accuracy of two biomarkers in terms of their predictive values. Using a marginal regression framework, we describe how to estimate differences in predictive accuracy and how to test whether the observed difference is statistically significant. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for assessing reliability and validity for a measurement tool: a case study and critique using the WHO haemoglobin colour scale
Authors: White Sarah A. , van den Broek Nynke R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBefore introducing a new measurement tool it is necessary to evaluate its performance. Several statistical methods have been developed, or used, to evaluate the reliability and validity of a new assessment method in such circumstances. In this paper we review some commonly used methods. Data from a study that was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of a specific measurement tool (the WHO Colour Scale) is then used to illustrate the application of these methods.The WHO Colour Scale was developed under the auspices of the WHO to provide a simple portable and reliable method of detecting anaemia. This Colour Scale is a discrete interval scale, whereas the actual haemoglobin values it is used to estimate are on a continuous interval scale and can be measured accurately using electrical laboratory equipment.The methods we consider are: linear regression, correlation coefficients, paired t‐tests plotting differences against mean values and deriving limits of agreement; kappa and weighted kappa statistics, sensitivity and specificity, an intraclass correlation coefficient and the repeatability coefficient. We note that although the definition and properties of each of these methods is well established inappropriate methods continue to be used in medical literature for assessing reliability and validity, as evidenced in the context of the evaluation of the WHO Colour Scale. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A one‐dimensional asymptotic model for higher order acoustic perturbations
Authors: Foroughi M. , Struckmeier J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe consider a simplified acoustic model to describe nonlinear phenomena occurring in loudspeakers. The first simplification is that we restrict to the one‐dimensional isentropic Euler equations in a slab, where on the right end a membrane is moving periodically with frequency ω and maximal displacement ϵ ≪ 1. Moreover we apply a perturbation method to the nonlinear model based on the small parameter ϵ, which yields linear hyperbolic first order systems coupled by nonlinear source terms of lower order. The asymptotic model is investigated numerically for two different frequencies ω.
Completeness of a combination of neighbourhood logic and temporal logic
Authors: Barua Rana 
Published: April 2004

Abstract.

This paper presents a completeness result, with respect to a possible world semantics, for a combination of a first-order temporal logic and neighbourhood logic. This logic was considered by Qiu and Zhou (1998,
Proceedings of the PROCOMET ‘98
, pp 444–461) to define semantics of a real-time OCCAM-like programming language.
GDPC: connecting researchers with multiple integrated data sources
Authors: Casstevens Terry M. , Buckler Edward S. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Summary: The goal of this project is to simplify access to genomic diversity and phenotype data, thereby encouraging reuse of this data. The Genomic Diversity and Phenotype Connection (GDPC) accomplishes this by retrieving data from one or more data sources and by allowing researchers to analyze integrated data in a standard format. GDPC is written in JAVA and provides (1) data sources available as web services that transfer XML formatted data via the SOAP protocol; (2) a JAVA API for programmatic access to data sources; and (3) a front-end application that allows users to manage data sources, retrieve data based on filters, sort/group data based on property values and save/open the data as XML files.
Availability: The source code, compiled code, documentation and GDPC Browser are freely available at: www.maizegenetics.net/gdpc/index.html. The current release of GDPC is version 1.0, with updated releases planned for the future. Comments are welcome.
Molecular evidence of tumour cell removal from salvaged blood after irradiation and leucocyte depletion
Authors: Poli M. C. C. , Villa L. L. , Colella R. , Deheinzelin D. 
Published: April 2004

summary Intra‐operative autologous blood recovery offers many advantages. However, blood salvage during cancer surgery is of limited use due to the potential presence of circulating tumour cells. It was the aim of this study to show that intra‐operative salvage blood can be freed of cells and cellular DNA after leucoreduction by filtration and irradiation of washed blood.Known amounts of tissue culture derived from carcinoma, melanoma and osteosarcoma were added to whole blood bags. This mixture was then submitted to washing, leucoreduction and irradiation. Samples were studied stepwise in relation to the integrity and size of DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).After filtration and irradiation, PCR targeting the β‐globin gene (268 bp amplicon) was negative. Our results were corroborated by studying plasma samples added with tumoural cells.Using PCR methodology, we showed the absence of DNA from cells in experimentally contaminated blood and plasma bags after filtration and irradiation. This experimental study is an effort to ensure the safety of intra‐operative autologous transfusion.
Urinary catecholamines and metabolites in the immediate postoperative period following major surgery: Figure 1
Authors: Syed Dr A A , Wheatley H A , Badminton M N , McDowell I F W 
Published: April 2004

Background:Induction of anaesthesia can precipitate catecholamine release from an undiscovered pheochromocytoma and induce a hypertensive crisis. However, it is assumed that catecholamine and metabolite values resulting from the effects of surgery per se in the early postoperative period would overlap with the values generated by a tumour, and it is not known how soon after biochemical investigations can be carried out.Aim:To study patterns of urinary catecholamine excretion and the feasibility of biochemical screening for phaeochromocytomas in the immediate postoperative period in otherwise healthy subjects undergoing a single type of major surgical procedure.Methods:Catecholamines and metabolites were measured for each mole of creatinine in single voided urine on one preoperative and four postoperative days in five subjects who underwent elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery with an uncomplicated postoperative course. Reference ranges were established from 33 healthy normotensive volunteers.Results:Excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid, and metadrenaline was within normal limits. Normetadrenaline excretion was mildly raised in four patients, but did not exceed 1.5 times the upper reference limit, and returned to normality by the fourth postoperative day.Conclusion:It is feasible to perform simple urinary screening for possible phaeochromocytoma in the immediate postoperative period.
A model for determining the optimum histology of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Cserni G 
Published: April 2004

Aims:To create and use a geometrical model for sentinel lymph node (SLN) histopathology in breast cancer.Methods:The model involves a spherical metastasis randomly situated in an SLN. Two extreme situations are taken as the starting points. In one of these, the metastasis is seen in its largest dimension, whereas in the other it is only just visible, approximating 0 mm in size. Intermediate positions are analysed, with different metastasis sizes and different distances between the levels assessed by histology.Results:The findings suggest that sections taken 1 mm apart afford a reasonable means of identifying almost all metastases measuring > 2 mm (referred to as macrometastases here). For nearly all micrometastases to be identified correctly according to the current TNM definitions (that is, metastases > 0.2 mm), a step sectioning protocol with levels of 250 μm or 200 μm would be adequate.Conclusions:SLNs are the most likely sites of nodal metastasis. Macrometastases are of recognised prognostic relevance so that all should be identified, preferably correctly as macrometastases; an assessment of levels 1 mm apart appears satisfactory and sufficient for this aim. SLNs also offer an ideal method for the study of the significance of micrometastases; for this, step sections separated by 200 or 250 μm are a good choice.
Suppression of leukemia expressing wild-type or ITD-mutant FLT3 receptor by a fully human anti-FLT3 neutralizing antibody
Authors: Li Yiwen , Li Hongli , Wang Mei-Nai , Lu Dan , Bassi Rajiv , Wu Yan , Zhang Haifan , Balderes Paul , Ludwig Dale L. , Pytowski Bronislaw , Kussie Paul , Piloto Obdulio , Small Donald , Bohlen Peter , Witte Larry , Zhu Zhenping , Hicklin Daniel J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), a class III receptor tyrosine kinase, is expressed at high levels in the blasts of approximately 90% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the juxtamembrane domain and point mutations in the kinase domain of FLT3 are found in approximately 37% of AML patients and are associated with a poor prognosis. We report here the development and characterization of a fully human anti-FLT3 neutralizing antibody (IMC-EB10) isolated from a human Fab phage display library. IMCEB10 (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1], κ) binds with high affinity (KD = 158 pM) to soluble FLT3 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to FLT3 receptor expressed on the surfaces of human leukemia cell lines. IMC-EB10 blocks the binding of FLT3 ligand (FL) to soluble FLT3 in ELISA and competes with FL for binding to cell-surface FLT3 receptor. IMC-EB10 treatment inhibits FL-induced phosphorylation of FLT3 in EOL-1 and EM3 leukemia cells and FL-independent constitutive activation of ITD-mutant FLT3 in BaF3-ITD and MV4;11 cells. Activation of the downstream signaling proteins mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT is also inhibited in these cell lines by antibody treatment. The antibody inhibits FL-stimulated proliferation of EOL-1 cells and ligand-independent proliferation of BaF3-ITD cells. In both EOL-1 xenograft and BaF3-ITD leukemia models, treatment with IMC-EB10 significantly prolongs the survival of leukemia-bearing mice. No overt toxicity is observed with IMC-EB10 treatment. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IMC-EB10 is a specific and potent inhibitor of wild-type and ITD-mutant FLT3 and that it deserves further study for targeted therapy of human AML. (Blood. 2004;104:1137-1144)
NUP98-Topoisomerase I acute myeloid leukemia-associated fusion gene has potent leukemogenic activities independent of an engineered catalytic site mutation
Authors: Gurevich Rhonna M. , Aplan Peter D. , Humphries R. Keith 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements of the 11p15 locus have been identified in hematopoietic malignancies, resulting in translocations involving the N-terminal portion of the nucleoporin gene NUP98. Fifteen different fusion partner genes have been identified for NUP98, and more than one half of these are homeobox transcription factors. By contrast, the NUP98 fusion partner in t(11;20) is Topoisomerase I (TOP1), a catalytic enzyme recognized for its key role in relaxing supercoiled DNA. We now show that retrovirally engineered expression of NUP98-TOP1 in murine bone marrow confers a potent in vitro growth advantage and a block in differentiation in hematopoietic precursors, evidenced by a competitive growth advantage in liquid culture, increased replating efficient of colony-forming cells (CFCs), and a marked increase in spleen colony-forming cell output. Moreover, in a murine bone marrow transplantation model, NUP98-TOP1 expression led to a lethal, transplantable leukemia characterized by extremely high white cell counts, splenomegaly, and mild anemia. Strikingly, a mutation to a TOP1 site to inactivate the isomerase activity essentially left unaltered the growth-promoting and leukemogenic effects of NUP98-TOP1. These findings, together with similar biologic effects reported for NUP98-HOX fusions, suggest unexpected, overlapping functions of NUP98 fusion genes, perhaps related to common DNA binding properties. (Blood. 2004;104:1127-1136)
Hepatocyte growth factor preserves graft-versus-leukemia effect and T-cell reconstitution after marrow transplantation
Authors: Imado Takehito , Iwasaki Tsuyoshi , Kataoka Yasuro , Kuroiwa Takanori , Hara Hiroshi , Fujimoto Jiro , Sano Hajime 
Published: April 2004

AbstractGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). When GVHD is controlled by T-cell–depleted grafts or immunosuppressants, BM transplant recipients often suffer from an increased rate of leukemic relapse and impaired reconstitution of immunity. Using a mouse BMT model, we investigated the effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transfection on the severity of GVHD, the graft-versus-leukemia effect, and the reconstitution of T cells after BMT. After HGF gene transfer, acute GVHD was reduced, while mature donor T-cell responses to host antigens were preserved, resulting in a significant improvement of leukemia-free survival. HGF gene transfer promoted regeneration of bone marrow–derived T cells and the responsiveness of these cells to alloantigens. Furthermore, HGF preserved the thymocyte phenotype and thymic stromal architecture in mice with GVHD. This suggested that HGF exerts a potent protective effect on the thymus, which in turn promotes reconstitution of bone marrow–derived T cells after allogeneic BMT. These results indicate that HGF gene transfection can reduce acute GVHD preserving the graftversus-leukemia effect, while promoting thymic-dependent T-cell reconstitution after allogeneic BMT.
High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Support Compared With Standard-Dose Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients With 10 or More Positive Lymph Nodes: First Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Zander A.R. , Kröger N. , Schmoor C. , Krüger W. , Möbus V. , Frickhofen N. , Metzner B. , Schultze W. , Berdel W.E. , Koenigsmann M. , Thiel E. , Wandt H. , Possinger K. , Trümper L. , Kreienberg R. , Carstensen M. , Schmidt E.H. , Jänicke F. , Schumacher M. , Jonat W. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose Investigation of high-dose chemotherapy (HD-CT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support compared with standard-dose chemotherapy (SD-CT) as adjuvant treatment in patients with primary breast cancer and 10 or more positive axillary lymph nodes. Patients and Methods Between November 1993 and September 2000, 307 patients were randomized to receive (following four cycles of epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, intravenously every 21 days) either HD-CT of cyclophosphamide 1,500 mg/m2, thiotepa 150 mg/m2, and mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2, intravenously for 4 consecutive days followed by stem-cell support; or SD-CT in three cycles of cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, methotrexate 40 mg/m2, and fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8, every 28 days. The primary end point was event-free survival. Results After a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 144 events with respect to event-free survival have been observed (HD-CT: 63 events; SD-CT: 81 events). The first event of failure (HD-CT v SD-CT) was an isolated locoregional recurrence (nine v 11), a distant failure (52 v 68), and death without recurrence (two v two). The estimated relative risk of HD-CT versus SD-CT was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.06; P = .095). Overall survival showed no difference (HD-CT: 40 deaths; SD-CT: 49 deaths). Conclusion There was a trend in favor of HD-CT with respect to event-free survival, but without statistical significance. Further follow-up and a meta-analysis of all randomized studies will reveal the effect of HD-CT as compared with SD-CT as adjuvant treatment in high-risk primary breast cancer.
Retrospective Analysis of the Dosage of Amphotericin B Lipid Complex for the Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections
Authors: Linden Peter , Lee Lily , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: April 2004

Study Objective. To understand the relationship between dosage and therapeutic response of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) by analyzing underlying diseases, types of infections, and therapeutic outcomes with different dosages as second‐line antifungal therapy.Design. Retrospective analysis of low‐dose (initial dose ≤ 3 mg/kg) ABLC from three open‐label, clinical, second‐line treatment studies.Setting. Centers in the United States (204), Canada (3), Australia (1), Mexico (1), and The Netherlands (1).Patients. Five hundred fifty‐one patients (5 enrolled twice) with invasive fungal infections, of whom 289 failed and 267 were intolerant to conventional antifungal therapy.Interventions. Patients were to receive the recommended dosage of ABLC 5 mg/kg/day, with dosage reduction for markedly increased serum creatinine. The duration of treatment was 4 weeks; therapy could be extended if the investigator considered additional treatment necessary.Measurements and Main Results. Seventy‐three patients (13%) received ABLC 3 mg/kg/day (low dosage) instead of the protocol‐recommended 5 mg/kg/day. Response was 65% and 56%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the following patients are most likely to start therapy at the lower dosage: those with candidiasis and other yeast infections, patients with nephrotoxicity due to prior amphotericin B, and those with underlying conditions other than hematologic malignancy.Conclusion. These results suggest that ABLC 3 mg/kg/day may be effective in treating patients with candidiasis who do not have hematologic malignancy.