bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of a New 2‐Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin Derivative Bearing Methacrylic Moieties and Its Copolymerization with 1‐Vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone
Authors: Janus Ludovic , Carbonnier Benjamin , Morcellet Michel , Ricart Guy , Crini Grégorio , Deratani André 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe characterization of a new cyclodextrin (CD) derivative, developed by Wacker Chemie GmbH under the name βW7‐MAHP and consisting of methacrylic moieties attached to hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD units, was investigated in terms of molecular structure and reactivity. The structural study was performed using a matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry analysis, which revealed that βW7‐MAHP is a mixture of at least 60 identified compounds. The substituent nature was determined from the two successive chemical modifications performed on β‐CD (hydroxypropylation with propylene oxide followed by the reaction with glycidyl methacrylate). Furthermore, each reaction resulted in a mixture of compounds having different numbers of substituents because of the polyfunctionality of the β‐CD molecule (14 secondary and 7 primary OH groups). Only 50 wt.‐% of the mixture consisted of polymerizable components among which a small proportion contained two or more methacrylic residues. The polymerizability of βW7‐MAHP was studied, and the reactivity ratios in the copolymerization with 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone were estimated. Soluble copolymers were obtained for monomer compositions having a βW7‐MAHP fraction less than 60 mol‐% whereas for higher amounts cross‐linked gels were produced.MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum of βW7‐MAHP.magnified imageMALDI‐TOF mass spectrum of βW7‐MAHP.
The configurational characteristics of conventional poly(methyl methacrylate) in acetonitrile
Authors: Quadrat Otakar , Bohdanecký Miloslav , Mrkvičková Libuše 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe θ‐temperature and viscosity constant K0 of radically initiated poly(methyl methacrylate) in acetonitrile were determined from the intrinsic viscosity data (θ = 28°C, K0 = 4,3 · 102 g−3/2 · mol1/2.cm3). The unperturbed coil dimensions are lower in acetonitrile than in other θ‐solvents at comparable temperature and indicate a more compact conformation of poly(methyl methacrylate) molecules. The discrepancies in the reported data of the θ and K0 values are elucidated.
Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by a Divalent Samarium Phenoxide Complex with an Alkyl Aluminium Compound
Authors: Nodono Mitsufumi , Tokimitsu Toru , Makino Takayuki 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA divalent samarium complex that bears two bulky phenoxide ligands promotes the living polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the absence of cocatalyst. The initiation involves a tail‐to‐tail coupling reaction of the samarium‐enolate radical followed by a one‐electron reduction of the monomer with the divalent samarium initiator. The polymerization takes place stereospecifically and the samarium initiator affords highly syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate). The stereoregularity of the polymer is variable with the ratio of the samarium initiator to aluminium compound (2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenoxy)2AlMe. The polymer obtained when the [Al]/[Sm] ratio is 4.0 has a unique tacticity, [mm]/[mr]/[rr] = 42:11:47, and the polymer has a melting point at 161 °C, which suggests the formation of a stereocomplex between syndiotactic and isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate).Part of the possible initiation mechanism and equimolar reaction of BHT‐SmII with MMA.magnified imagePart of the possible initiation mechanism and equimolar reaction of BHT‐SmII with MMA.
Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Norbornene and Styrene with Pd‐ and Ni‐Based Novel Bridged Dinuclear Diimine Complexes and MAO
Authors: Mi Xia , Ma Zhi , Wang Leyong , Ke Yucai , Hu Youliang 
Published: April 2003

AbstractNovel bridged dinuclear diimine nickel and palladium complexes catalyzed the vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene at a single active site with high activity. The latter exhibited higher activity than the former. Smaller substituents around the imido group in the ligand were more favorable for increasing the activity than bulkier ones. The polynorbornenes were all noncrystalline but had short‐range order and their glass transition temperature, Tg, ranged from 270 to 400 °C. Furthermore, the random copolymerization of norbornene and styrene was catalyzed by the bridged dinuclear diimine nickel complex with MAO (methylaluminoxane). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the copolymers are “true” copolymers. The reactivity ratios were rstyrene = 0.281, rnorbornene = 18.7. The packing density, thermostability and the glass transition temperatures of copolymers are increased relative to polystyrene. The solubility and processability of the copolymers are improved relative to polynorbornene.The structures of bridged dinuclear diimine nickel and palladium complexes.magnified imageThe structures of bridged dinuclear diimine nickel and palladium complexes.
Transition metal catalysts. VIII. The role of oxygen in ethylene polymerizations with the AlBr3‐VXn‐Sn(C6H5)4 catalyst
Authors: Phillips George W. , Carrick Wayne L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEthylene polymerizations with the aged AlBr3–VXn–Sn(C6H5)4 catalyst required the presence of about 0.02% oxygen in the ethylene feed. When the catalyst components were combined in the presence of ethylene, polymerization ceased in less than 1 min. with the production of about one polymer molecule per vanadium atom. The reaction was repeatedly reactivated by the addition of milligram amounts of oxygen, ultimately resulting in a higher yield of polyethylene with a molecular weight of 230,000. In the concentration range from 0.003 to 6% oxygen in the ethylene, there was a sharp maximum in the amount of polymer produced, before polymerization ceased, at about 0.05–0.1% oxygen. However, the molecular weight of the polyethylene decreased mono‐tonically with increasing oxygen concentration from 230,000 at 0.003% to 12,500 at 6.1% oxygen. It was demonstrated that oxygen enters into an oxidation‐reduction cycle with the vanadium species and that this reaction induces molecular termination and reactivates the vanadium center. In the absence of oxygen, the polyethylene was found to contain one phenyl and one vinyl endgroup per polymer molecule. These data are interpreted in light of a previously proposed propagation mechanism. Polymer end group analyses suggest that termination occurs by transfer of the polymer from the active vanadium center to an inactive aluminum center when oxygen is absent and by oxidation of the vanadium active site to a catalytically inactive compound when oxygen is added.
When Gold Is Not Noble: Catalysis by Nanoparticles
Authors: Haruta Masatake 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBulk gold is chemically inert and is generally regarded as a poor catalyst. However, when gold is in very small particles with diameters
below 10 nm and is deposited on metal oxides or activated carbon, it becomes surprisingly active, especially at low temperatures, for
many reactions such as CO oxidation and propylene epoxidation. The catalytic performance of Au is defined by three major factors: contact structure,
support selection, and particle size. The role of the perimeter interfaces of Au particles as the sites for reactions is discussed as well as the
change in chemical reactivity of Au clusters composed of fewer than 300 atoms. © 2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals,
Inc., Chem Rec 3: 75–87; 2003: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10053
Determination of Molecular Stereochemistry Using Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Absolute Configuration and Solution Conformation of 5‐Formyl‐cis, cis‐1,3,5‐trimethyl‐3‐hydroxymethylcyclohexane‐1‐carboxylic Acid Lactone
Authors: Izumi Hiroshi , Futamura Shigeru , Nafie Laurence A. , Dukor Rina K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe determination of the absolute configuration of chiral molecules is an important aspect of molecular stereochemistry. Vibrational
circular dichroism (VCD) is the extension of electronic CD into the infrared region where fundamental vibrational transitions
occur. VCD has a number of advantages over all previous methods of absolute configuration assignment. The absolute configuration and
predominant solution‐state conformation in CDCl3 of the chiral lactone,
5‐formyl‐cis,cis‐1,3,5‐trimethyl‐3‐hydroxymethylcyclohexane‐1‐carboxylic
acid lactone, 1, obtained by the comparison of measured and calculated VCD spectra, are reported. It is found that
(−)‐1 corresponds to the absolute configuration (1S,3S,5R)‐1.
© 2003 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Chem Rec 3: 112–119; 2003: Published online in Wiley
InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10055
A comparison of two adjunctive treatments for intrauterine adhesions following lysis
Authors: Orhue A.A.E. , Aziken M.E. , Igbefoh J.O. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjectives: To assess which treatment modality has a better outcome: the use of an intrauterine contraceptive device or the Foley catheter balloon, for the adjunctive treatment of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) in patients presenting with infertility. Methods: In a 4‐year initial period, patients with intrauterine adhesion were treated with the insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) after adhesiolysis. In the next 4 years, a pediatric Foley catheter balloon was used after adhesiolysis instead of the IUCD. The postoperative treatment was the same throughout the 8 years. While the IUCD was removed after three consecutive withdrawal vaginal bleedings, the Foley catheter was removed after 10 days. Hysterosalpingography was repeated in all patients after the third withdrawal vaginal bleeding, and the procedure was repeated if the intrauterine adhesion still persisted. The χ2‐test was used for analysis. Results: There were 51 cases of IUA treated with the IUCD and 59 cases treated with the Foley catheter balloon. In the Foley catheter group, 81.4% of the patients had restoration of normal menstruation compared with 62.7% in the IUCD group (P<0.05). Persistent posttreatment amenorrhea and hypomenorrhea occurred less frequently in the Foley catheter group (18.6%) than in the IUCD group (37.3%) (P<0.03), and the conception rate in the catheter group was 33.9% compared with 22.5% in the IUCD group. The need for repeated treatment was also significantly less in the Foley catheter group. Conclusion: The Foley Catheter is a safer and more effective adjunctive method of treatment of IUA compared with the IUCD.
Pethidine versus tramadol for pain relief during labor
Authors: Keskin H.L. , Aktepe Keskin E. , Avsar A.F. , Tabuk M. , Caglar G.S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjective: To evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of tramadol and pethidine in labor. Method: Fifty‐nine full term parturients were randomly assigned to one of two groups in active labor. Group 1 received 100 mg pethidine; group 2, 100 mg tramadol, intramuscularly. Analgesic efficacy, maternal side effects, changes in the blood pressure, heart rate, and duration of labor were assessed. Result: At 30 and 60 min after drug administration, pain relief was greater in the pethidine group than in tramadol group. The incidence of nausea and fatigue was higher in the tramadol group. Following drug administration the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the increase in heart rate were statistically significant in both groups. No significant difference was found between the groups when compared for duration of labor and Apgar scores. None of the neonates developed respiratory depression. Conclusion: Pethidine seems to be a better alternative than tramadol in obstetric analgesia because of its superiority in analgesic efficacy and low incidence of maternal side effects.
Histological classification of endometriosis as a predictor of response to treatment
Authors: Abrao M.S. , Neme R.M. , Carvalho F.M. , Aldrighi J.M. , Pinotti J.A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the usefulness of the histological classification of endometriosis in predicting responses to treatment. Methods: We evaluated 412 biopsy specimens from 241 patients with pelvic endometriosis. Pain and infertility were evaluated before surgery. Disease location and stage of development were analyzed according to the 1985 American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification. Histological findings were classified as stromal, well‐differentiated, undifferentiated, and mixed endometriosis. Clinical response to pain or infertility was evaluated. Results: Histological findings, disease location and stage of development, and response to treatment were compared. Undifferentiated endometriosis was more frequently associated with stages III/IV than the well‐differentiated and stromal histological types. Pure or mixed undifferentiated patterns were more frequently associated with rectovaginal endometriosis. When considering pain symptoms, patients presenting well‐differentiated or stromal histological patterns responded better to therapeutic treatment than those who presented undifferentiated histological patterns. There were no significant differences in cases related to sterility. Conclusions: The histological categorization of endometriosis can help predict the behavioral patterns of the disease.
The influence of an integration strategy on competitive capabilities and business performance: An exploratory study of consumer products manufacturers
Authors: Rosenzweig Eve D , Roth Aleda V , Dean James W 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we expand upon recent research by Frohlich and Westbrook [J. Operations Manage. 19 (2) (2001) 185] that characterizes the influence of supply chain integration on performance. Introducing supply chain integration intensity as a proxy variable for Frohlich and Westbrook’s [J. Operations Manage. 19 (2) (2001) 185] ‘outward‐facing supply chain strategy’, we investigate the ways that manufacturing‐based competitive capabilities mediate the relationship between supply chain integration and business performance. While previous research suggests that supply chain integration is directly related to superior business performance, the mediating role of manufacturing capabilities has not been explored. Using hierarchical regression analysis, we develop and test a theory‐based model using a sample of consumer products manufacturers. Contrary to Frohlich and Westbrook’s [J. Operations Manage. 19 (2) (2001) 185] assertions regarding the applicability of the ‘outward‐facing strategy’ to the consumer goods sector, our results provide empirical evidence that supply chain integration intensity leads directly to improved business performance, thus corroborating the conventional wisdom concerning the increasing importance of supply chain integration in the consumer products sector. In addition, this study uncovers empirical evidence for the mediating role of manufacturing‐based competitive capabilities in supply chain management. These results support the growing call for a broader, more generalized view of manufacturing strategy.
Inhibition of MMP‐1 expression by antisense RNA decreases invasiveness of human chondrosarcoma
Authors: Jiang Xiaoling , Dutton Charyl M. , Qi Wen‐Ning , Block Joel A. , Brodt Pnina , Durko Margaret , Scully Sean P. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe previously reported that an elevated level of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) gene expression in patients with chondrosarcoma has a strong statistical correlation with recurrence and in vitro invasion. In the present study, we used an antisense RNA strategy for MMP‐1 inhibition to determine if this would affect the invasive characteristics of the cells. We transfected a human chondrosarcoma cell line with a retroviral plasmid expressing a 770 bp genomic fragment of the human MMP‐1 gene in the sense or antisense orientation. The results show that cells transfected with the MMP‐1 antisense fragment had a significant decrease in both MMP‐1 protein and enzyme activity (p < 0.05) as compared to cells transfected with an empty plasmid or the parental cells. Cells transfected with the MMP‐1 antisense fragment demonstrated a significant decrease in their ability to invade the collagen I barrier (p < 0.05). The gene expression for MMP‐8 and MMP‐13 were unaffected in cells transfected with the MMP‐1 antisense fragment, MMP‐1 sense fragment, or empty plasmid. These results support the hypothesis that MMP‐1 facilitates tumor cell egress from chondrosarcoma tissue and demonstrate the potential of MMP‐1 as a promising target for a novel biologic therapy in chondrosarcoma. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Patient reporting of adverse drug reactions: useful information for pain management?
Authors: Jarernsiripornkul Narumol , Krska Janet , Richards R. Michael E. , Capps Phillip A.G. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBackground. patients' perceptions of adverse effects caused by the medicines they are prescribed may influence how they use these medicines. Little is known about patients' perceptions of the adverse effects of specific drugs in everyday use and whether these differ from those identified by clinical trials and standard post‐marketing surveillance methods.Aim. To compare reports of perceived adverse drug reactions (ADRs) obtained directly from patients taking tramadol to those found in clinical trials and two methods of post‐marketing surveillance.Method. Postal questionnaire distributed to 1048 patients who had a prescription for tramadol dispensed over a 3‐month period.Results. Most (84%) of the 344 respondents reported at least one symptom perceived as an ADR to tramadol. Dry mouth, light‐headedness and constipation were most commonly reported. Almost half (48%) rated their most bothersome symptom as at least moderate and 43% claimed to have reported symptoms to their doctor. Perceived problems had led 38 respondents to stop taking tramadol. The 10 most frequently reported symptoms were all previously reported ADRs to tramadol. Although relatively minor, all 10 also appeared in reports to the UK Committee on the Safety of Medicines (CSM) and in prescription event monitoring. For many symptoms, the estimated range of frequency was in line with published reports, but considerably higher than that of post‐marketing surveillance methods.Conclusions. Symptoms were reported by the majority of respondents and for many symptoms the frequency was high. Many patients did not report symptoms they perceived to be adverse effects to their doctor. The results indicate that patient perceptions of potential ADRs are relevant and should be an integral part of a pain management strategy.
Pain as presenting symptom in Lyme neuroborreliosis
Authors: Dotevall Leif , Eliasson Tore , Hagberg Lars , Mannheimer Clas 
Published: April 2003

AbstractNeurogenic pain with radiculitis is often the starting symptom in adult patients with tick‐borne Lyme neuroborreliosis and in some cases the only clinical manifestation. Cranial paresis and other neurologic signs usually occur after the onset of pain. The present paper describes four patients who had severe pain as the main presenting symptom of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Opioids had good short‐term effect in two of the cases. Oral doxycycline treatment was used successfully to eliminate the infection.
Non-linear normalization and background correction in
one-channel cDNA microarray studies
Authors: Edwards David 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Data from one-channel cDNA microarray studies may exhibit poor reproducibility due to spatial heterogeneity, non-linear array-to-array variation and problems in correcting for background. Uncorrected, these phenomena can give rise to misleading conclusions.
Results: Spatial heterogeneity may be corrected using two-dimensional loess smoothing (Colantuoni et al., 2002). Non-linear between-array variation may be corrected using an iterative application of one-dimensional loess smoothing. A method for background correction using a smoothing function rather than simple subtraction is described. These techniques promote within-array spatial uniformity and between-array reproducibility. Their application is illustrated using data from a study of the effects of an insulin sensitizer, rosiglitazone, on gene expression in white adipose tissue in diabetic db/db mice. They may also be useful with data from two-channel cDNA microarrays and from oligonucleotide arrays.
Availability: R functions for the methods described are available on request from the author.
Contact: DEd@novonordisk.com
Do current sequence analysis algorithms
disclose multifunctional (moonlighting) proteins?
Authors: Gómez Antonio , Domedel Nuria , Cedano Juan , Piñol Jaume , Querol Enrique 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Sumary: A number of multifunctional, ‘moonlighting’, proteins have been analyzed by different current programs to test wheter they identify both functions. PSI-BLAST and PRODOM perform best in predicting the alternative function.
Contact: enric.querol@uab.es
Supplementary information: Full tables and additional information available at http://ibb.uab.es/moonlighting
* The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.
† To whom correspondence should be addressed.
R/qtl: QTL mapping in experimental crosses
Authors: Broman Karl W. , Wu Hao , Sen Śaunak , Churchill Gary A. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Summary: R/qtl is an extensible, interactive environment for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in experimental populations derived from inbred lines. It is implemented as an add-on package for the freely-available statistical software, R, and includes functions for estimating genetic maps, identifying genotyping errors, and performing single-QTL and two-dimensional, two-QTL genome scans by multiple methods, with the possible inclusion of covariates.
Availability: The package is freely available at http://www.biostat.jhsph.edu/~kbroman/qtl.
Contact: kbroman@jhsph.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
† Present address: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.