bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liability Beyond Law: Conceptions of Fairness in Chinese Tort Cases
Authors: Stern Rachel E. , Liebman Benjamin L. , Gao Wenwa , Wu Xiaohan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmpirical work consistently finds that Chinese courts resolve civil cases by finding a compromise solution. But beyond this split-it-down-the-middle tendency, when and how do Chinese courts arrive at decisions that feel “fair and just” in cases in which they invoke those ideas? Drawing on a data set of 9,485 tort cases, we find that Chinese courts impose liability on two types of parties with ethical, but not legal, obligation to victims: (1) participants in a shared activity and (2) those who control a physical space. In these cases, Chinese courts stretch the law to spread losses through communities and to acknowledge traumatic harm. Considering fairness, then, returns Chinese courts to their long-standing role as managers of communities who respond to misfortune by assigning legal responsibility to relationships that range from intimate to surprisingly tenuous.
Treatment effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in Veterans with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. bacteremia
Authors: Vivo Amanda , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Suda Katie J. , Wilson Geneva M. , Jones Makoto M. , Evans Martin E. , Evans Charlesnika T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To describe antimicrobial therapy used for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. bacteremia in Veterans and impacts on mortality.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized Veterans Affairs patients from 2012 to 2018 with a positive MDR Acinetobacter spp. blood culture who received antimicrobial treatment 2 days prior to through 5 days after the culture date. Only the first culture per patient was used. The association between treatment and patient characteristics was assessed using bivariate analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the relationship between antibiotic regimen and in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortality. Generalized linear models were used to assess cost outcomes.

Results:
MDR Acinetobacter spp. was identified in 184 patients. Most cultures identified were Acinetobacter baumannii (90%), 3% were Acinetobacter lwoffii, and 7% were other Acinetobacter species. Penicillins—β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (51.1%) and carbapenems (51.6%)—were the most prescribed antibiotics. In unadjusted analysis, extended spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins—β-lactamase inhibitor combinations—were associated with a decreased odds of 30-day mortality but were insignificant after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.21–1.05, aOR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.37–1.53). There was no association between combination therapy vs monotherapy and 30-day mortality (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI, 0.72–3.32).

Conclusion:
In hospitalized Veterans with MDR Acinetobacter spp., none of the treatments were shown to be associated with in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortality. Combination therapy was not associated with decreased mortality for MDR Acinetobacter spp. bacteremia.
Radar internal reflection horizons from multisystem data reflect ice dynamic and surface accumulation history along the Princess Ragnhild Coast, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Koch Inka , Drews Reinhard , Franke Steven , Jansen Daniela , Oraschewski Falk Marius , Muhle Leah Sophie , Višnjević Vjeran , Matsuoka Kenichi , Pattyn Frank , Eisen Olaf 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ice shelves, which regulate ice flow from the Antarctic ice sheet towards the ocean, are shaped by spatiotemporal patterns of surface accumulation, surface/basal melt and ice dynamics. Therefore, an ice dynamic and accumulation history are imprinted in the internal ice stratigraphy, which can be imaged by radar in the form of internal reflection horizons (IRHs). Here, IRHs were derived from radar data combined across radar platforms (airborne and ground-based) in coastal eastern Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica), comprising three ice rises and adjacent two ice shelves. To facilitate interpretation of dominant spatiotemporal patterns of processes shaping the local IRH geometry, traced IRHs are classified into three different types (laterally continuous, discontinuous or absent/IRH-free). Near-surface laterally continuous IRHs reveal local accumulation patterns, reflecting the mean easterly wind direction, and correlate with surface slopes. Areas of current and past increased ice flow and internal deformation are marked by discontinuous or IRH-free zones, and can inform about paleo ice-stream dynamics. The established IRH datasets extend continent-wide mapping efforts of IRHs to an important and climatically sensitive ice marginal region of Antarctica and are ready for integration into ice-flow models to improve predictions of Antarctic ice drainage.
THE DATING OF DOLOMITIC MORTARS WITH UNCERTAIN CHRONOLOGY FROM MÜSTAIR MONASTERY: SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION AND COMBINED INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
Authors: Caroselli Marta , Hajdas Irka , Cassitti Patrick 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTTo obtain scientific data regarding the chronology of archaeological structures, lime mortar radiocarbon dating has often demonstrated to be a decisive method. However, knowing the specific chemical-mineralogical characteristics of mortars can help when preparing samples or interpreting results. Among other issues, the dating of magnesian mortars can be particularly difficult because of the combined slaking, setting and hardening reactions of the calcium and magnesium phases, typical of these mortars. The formation of numerous mineralogical phases depending on reaction conditions adds further complexity to the dating method, which deserves to be studied with further detail. During the project “Mortar technology and construction history at Müstair Monastery” the first experiments in this regard had yielded encouraging results. An additional 4 samples from buildings with controversial chronology, thought to belong approximately to the 9th, 12th, and 15th centuries, were selected, prepared and radiocarbon dated. The data obtained were discussed by integrating preliminary petrographic characterization analyses of the mortars with archaeological information and excavation records. The results opened up new questions about the chronology of the Monastery, clarified the dating of some buildings and provided a better understanding of the potential and limitations of dating dolomitic mortars coming from archaeological context.
Brain functional changes across mood states in bipolar disorder: from a large-scale network perspective
Authors: Wu Yan-Kun , Su Yun-Ai , Li Le , Zhu Lin-Lin , Li Ke , Li Ji-Tao , Mitchell Philip B. , Yan Chao-Gan , Si Tian-Mei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundExploring the neural basis related to different mood states is a critical issue for understanding the pathophysiology underlying mood switching in bipolar disorder (BD), but research has been scarce and inconsistent.MethodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 162 patients with BD: 33 (hypo)manic, 64 euthymic, and 65 depressive, and 80 healthy controls (HCs). The differences of large-scale brain network functional connectivity (FC) between the four groups were compared and correlated with clinical characteristics. To validate the generalizability of our findings, we recruited a small longitudinal independent sample of BD patients (n = 11). In addition, we examined topological nodal properties across four groups as exploratory analysis.ResultsA specific strengthened pattern of network FC, predominantly involving the default mode network (DMN), was observed in (hypo)manic patients when compared with HCs and bipolar patients in other mood states. Longitudinal observation revealed an increase in several network FCs in patients during (hypo)manic episode. Both samples evidenced an increase in the FC between the DMN and ventral attention network, and between the DMN and limbic network (LN) related to (hypo)mania. The altered network connections were correlated with mania severity and positive affect. Bipolar depressive patients exhibited decreased FC within the LN compared with HCs. The exploratory analysis also revealed an increase in degree in (hypo)manic patients.ConclusionsOur findings identify a distributed pattern of large-scale network disturbances in the unique context of (hypo)mania and thus provide new evidence for our understanding of the neural mechanism of BD.
Dynamic structure–function coupling across three major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wei Wei , Wang Sujie , Li Mingli , Li Xiaojing , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Qiang , Yu Hua , Zhang Yamin , Guo Wanjun , Ma Xiaohong , Zhao Liansheng , Deng Wei , Sham Pak C , Sun Yu , Li Tao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundConvergent evidence has suggested atypical relationships between brain structure and function in major psychiatric disorders, yet how the abnormal patterns coincide and/or differ across different disorders remains largely unknown. Here, we aim to investigate the common and/or unique dynamic structure–function coupling patterns across major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ).MethodsWe quantified the dynamic structure–function coupling in 452 patients with psychiatric disorders (MDD/BD/SZ = 166/168/118) and 205 unaffected controls at three distinct brain network levels, such as global, meso-, and local levels. We also correlated dynamic structure–function coupling with the topological features of functional networks to examine how the structure–function relationship facilitates brain information communication over time.ResultsThe dynamic structure–function coupling is preserved for the three disorders at the global network level. Similar abnormalities in the rich-club organization are found in two distinct functional configuration states at the meso-level and are associated with the disease severity of MDD, BD, and SZ. At the local level, shared and unique alterations are observed in the brain regions involving the visual, cognitive control, and default mode networks. In addition, the relationships between structure–function coupling and the topological features of functional networks are altered in a manner indicative of state specificity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest both transdiagnostic and illness-specific alterations in the dynamic structure–function relationship of large-scale brain networks across MDD, BD, and SZ, providing new insights and potential biomarkers into the neurodevelopmental basis underlying the behavioral and cognitive deficits observed in these disorders.
Innovation and Experimentation in Late Seventh-Century Law: the Case of Theodore, Hlothhere, Wihtræd and Ine
Authors: Ivarsen Ingrid 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe late seventh century was a particularly active period of legal writing in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: three royal decrees, two church council decrees and a number of royal diplomas have survived. This article aims to show that this unusual period was characterised by innovation and experimentation. A key part of the argument is that the form of Anglo-Saxon royal laws changed from the early to the late seventh century due to influence from the form of church council decrees. Other external influences on royal law are also detected. The article introduces the closely connected group of kings and ecclesiastics who were involved in law-making and it places Anglo-Saxon legal production in a wider context of legal learning, by looking at the kinds of legal texts that were known, studied and used in Anglo-Saxon England and especially by this period’s many travellers and expats.
Mineralogical Characterization From Geophysical Well Logs Using a Machine Learning Approach: Case Study for the Horn River Basin, Canada
Authors: Hu Kezhen , Liu Xiaojun , Chen Zhuoheng , Grasby Stephen E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccurate estimation of mineral composition is essential for refined reservoir characterization, thermal conductivity and mechanical determinations of sedimentary rocks, but is extremely challenging in shale units due to the mineralogical complexity, low porosity and ultra‐low permeability. Direct mineral measurements derived from laboratory X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on core samples and borehole geochemical logging tool (GLT), and conventional geophysical logs from vertical wells penetrating sediments are widely available in some basins, which enables detailed mineralogical characterization of a well. A hybrid machine learning (ML) architecture that improves model training and validation by combining convolutional neural network (CNN) with XGBoost allows accurate description of the mineralogical compositions across a basin. We applied this ML approach to predict the mineral compositions using conventional well logs from the Horn River Basin, northeast British Columbia, Canada, where extensive drilling for shale‐gas and conventional hydrocarbon resources, complemented by high temperature geothermal energy potential is ideal for case testing. The predicted mineral compositions from the ML approach are consistent with the mineralogical readings from the GLT and are confirmed by the XRD mineral measurements. This allows basin‐wide mineral compositions mapping that reveals spatial trends of major mineral compositions and their relationship with the previously recognized geomechanical and geological features, which have important implications for thermal conductivity modeling, reservoir evaluation and extensive geological studies.
The Day the Solar Wind Disappeared at Mars
Authors: Halekas J. S. , Shaver S. , Azari A. R. , Fowler C. M. , Ma Y. , Xu S. , Andersson L. , Bertucci C. , Curry S. M. , Dong C. , Dong Y. , Fang X. , Garnier P. , Hanley K. G. , Hara T. , Howard S. K. , Hughes A. , Lillis R. J. , Lee C. O. , Luhmann J. G. , Madanian H. , Marquette M. , Mazelle C. , McFadden J. P. , Meziane K. , Mitchell D. L. , Rahmati A. , Reed W. , Romanelli N. , Schnepf N. R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn December 2022, an extremely low‐density solar wind stream encountered first the Earth and then Mars, shortly after the radial alignment of the two planets (i.e., Mars opposition). As the low‐density stream passed Mars, the properties of the Mars‐solar wind interaction changed dramatically in response to the low solar wind Alfvénic Mach number and dynamic pressure. The Martian magnetosphere and its boundaries expanded by thousands of kilometers, extending outside of the nominal average bow shock location. The low upstream Mach number resulted in a low ratio of plasma to magnetic field pressure in the magnetosheath, allowing the formation of a very high but stable ion temperature anisotropy, together with a very low level of electromagnetic instabilities. Meanwhile, the decrease in solar wind dynamic pressure caused the Martian upper ionosphere at the terminator to transition from a magnetized state to an unmagnetized state. This event provides an opportunity to study a unique end‐member state of the Mars‐solar wind interaction.
Full‐Field Numerical Simulation of Halite Dynamic Recrystallization From Subgrain Rotation to Grain Boundary Migration
Authors: Hao B. , Llorens M.‐G. , Griera A. , Bons P. D. , Lebensohn R. A. , Yu Y. , Gomez‐Rivas E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFull‐field numerical modeling is a useful method to gain understanding of rock salt deformation at multiple scales, but it is quite challenging due to the anisotropic and complex plastic behavior of halite, together with dynamic recrystallization processes. This contribution presents novel results of full‐field numerical simulations of coupled dislocation glide and dynamic recrystallization of halite polycrystalline aggregates during simple shear deformation, including both subgrain rotation and grain boundary migration (GBM) recrystallization. The results demonstrate that the numerical approach successfully replicates the evolution of pure halite microstructures from laboratory torsion deformation experiments at 100–300°C. Temperature determines the competition between (a) grain size reduction controlled by dislocation glide and subgrain rotation recrystallization (at low temperature) and (b) grain growth associated with GBM (at higher temperature), while the resulting crystallographic preferred orientations are similar for all cases. The relationship between subgrain misorientation and strain follows a power law relationship with a universal exponent of 2/3 at low strain. However, dynamic recrystallization causes a progressive deviation from this relationship when strain increases, as revealed by the skewness of the subgrain misorientation distribution. A systematic investigation of the subgrain misorientation evolution shows that strain or temperature prediction from microstructures requires careful calibration.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuromodulation therapies for substance use disorders
Authors: Mehta Dhvani D. , Praecht Angela , Ward Heather B. , Sanches Marcos , Sorkhou Maryam , Tang Victor M. , Steele Vaughn R. , Hanlon Colleen A. , George Tony P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile pharmacological, behavioral and psychosocial treatments are available for substance use disorders (SUDs), they are not always effective or well-tolerated. Neuromodulation (NM) methods, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) may address SUDs by targeting addiction neurocircuitry. We evaluated the efficacy of NM to improve behavioral outcomes in SUDs. A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PubMed databases and a list of search terms for four key concepts (SUD, rTMS, tDCS, DBS) was applied. Ninety-four studies were identified that examined the effects of rTMS, tDCS, and DBS on substance use outcomes (e.g., craving, consumption, and relapse) amongst individuals with SUDs including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids. Meta-analyses were performed for alcohol and tobacco studies using rTMS and tDCS. We found that rTMS reduced substance use and craving, as indicated by medium to large effect sizes (Hedge’s g > 0.5). Results were most encouraging when multiple stimulation sessions were applied, and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was targeted. tDCS also produced medium effect sizes for drug use and craving, though they were highly variable and less robust than rTMS; right anodal DLPFC stimulation appeared to be most efficacious. DBS studies were typically small, uncontrolled studies, but showed promise in reducing misuse of multiple substances. NM may be promising for the treatment of SUDs. Future studies should determine underlying neural mechanisms of NM, and further evaluate extended treatment durations, accelerated administration protocols and long-term outcomes with biochemical verification of substance use.
A global synthesis and assessment of free-ranging domestic cat diet
Authors: Lepczyk Christopher A. , Fantle-Lepczyk Jean E. , Dunham Kylee D. , Bonnaud Elsa , Lindner Jocelyn , Doherty Tim S. , Woinarski John C. Z. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFree-ranging cats (Felis catus) are globally distributed invasive carnivores that markedly impact biodiversity. Here, to evaluate the potential threat of cats, we develop a comprehensive global assessment of species consumed by cats. We identify 2,084 species eaten by cats, of which 347 (16.65%) are of conservation concern. Islands contain threefold more species of conservation concern eaten by cats than continents do. Birds, reptiles, and mammals constitute ~90% of species consumed, with insects and amphibians being less frequent. Approximately 9% of known birds, 6% of known mammals, and 4% of known reptile species are identified in cat diets. 97% of species consumed are <5 kg in adult body mass, though much larger species are also eaten. The species accumulation curves are not asymptotic, indicating that our estimates are conservative. Our results demonstrate that cats are extreme generalist predators, which is critical for understanding their impact on ecological systems and developing management solutions.
Structure and activation mechanism of the Makes caterpillars floppy 1 toxin
Authors: Belyy Alexander , Heilen Philipp , Hagel Philine , Hofnagel Oliver , Raunser Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe bacterial Makes caterpillars floppy 1 (Mcf1) toxin promotes apoptosis in insects, leading to loss of body turgor and death. The molecular mechanism underlying Mcf1 intoxication is poorly understood. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of Mcf1 from Photorhabdus luminescens, revealing a seahorse-like shape with a head and tail. While the three head domains contain two effectors, as well as an activator-binding domain (ABD) and an autoprotease, the tail consists of two putative translocation and three putative receptor-binding domains. Rearrangement of the tail moves the C-terminus away from the ABD and allows binding of the host cell ADP-ribosylation factor 3, inducing conformational changes that position the cleavage site closer to the protease. This distinct activation mechanism that is based on a hook-loop interaction results in three autocleavage reactions and the release of two toxic effectors. Unexpectedly, the BH3-like domain containing ABD is not an active effector. Our findings allow us to understand key steps of Mcf1 intoxication at the molecular level.
Benefits, harms and cost-effectiveness of cervical screening, triage and treatment strategies for women in the general population
Authors: Simms Kate T. , Keane Adam , Nguyen Diep Thi Ngoc , Caruana Michael , Hall Michaela T. , Lui Gigi , Gauvreau Cindy , Demke Owen , Arbyn Marc , Basu Partha , Wentzensen Nicolas , Lauby-Secretan Beatrice , Ilbawi Andre , Hutubessy Raymond , Almonte Maribel , De Sanjosé Silvia , Kelly Helen , Dalal Shona , Eckert Linda O. , Santesso Nancy , Broutet Nathalie , Canfell Karen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a strategy to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. To support the strategy, the WHO published updated cervical screening guidelines in 2021. To inform this update, we used an established modeling platform, Policy1-Cervix, to evaluate the impact of seven primary screening scenarios across 78 low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) for the general population of women. Assuming 70% coverage, we found that primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening approaches were the most effective and cost-effective, reducing cervical cancer age-standardized mortality rates by 63–67% when offered every 5 years. Strategies involving triaging women before treatment (with 16/18 genotyping, cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or colposcopy) had close-to-similar effectiveness to HPV screening without triage and fewer pre-cancer treatments. Screening with VIA or cytology every 3 years was less effective and less cost-effective than HPV screening every 5 years. Furthermore, VIA generated more than double the number of pre-cancer treatments compared to HPV. In conclusion, primary HPV screening is the most effective, cost-effective and efficient cervical screening option in LMICs. These findings have directly informed WHO’s updated cervical screening guidelines for the general population of women, which recommend primary HPV screening in a screen-and-treat or screen-triage-and-treat approach, starting from age 30 years with screening every 5 years or 10 years.