bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a generative deep learning model to improve epiretinal membrane detection in fundus photography
Authors: Choi Joon Yul , Ryu Ik Hee , Kim Jin Kuk , Lee In Sik , Yoo Tae Keun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal disorder characterized by abnormal fibrocellular tissue at the vitreomacular interface. Most patients with ERM are asymptomatic at early stages. Therefore, screening for ERM will become increasingly important. Despite the high prevalence of ERM, few deep learning studies have investigated ERM detection in the color fundus photography (CFP) domain. In this study, we built a generative model to enhance ERM detection performance in the CFP.

Methods
This deep learning study retrospectively collected 302 ERM and 1,250 healthy CFP data points from a healthcare center. The generative model using StyleGAN2 was trained using single-center data. EfficientNetB0 with StyleGAN2-based augmentation was validated using independent internal single-center data and external datasets. We randomly assigned healthcare center data to the development (80%) and internal validation (20%) datasets. Data from two publicly accessible sources were used as external validation datasets.

Results
StyleGAN2 facilitated realistic CFP synthesis with the characteristic cellophane reflex features of the ERM. The proposed method with StyleGAN2-based augmentation outperformed the typical transfer learning without a generative adversarial network. The proposed model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.926 for internal validation. AUCs of 0.951 and 0.914 were obtained for the two external validation datasets. Compared with the deep learning model without augmentation, StyleGAN2-based augmentation improved the detection performance and contributed to the focus on the location of the ERM.

Conclusions
We proposed an ERM detection model by synthesizing realistic CFP images with the pathological features of ERM through generative deep learning. We believe that our deep learning framework will help achieve a more accurate detection of ERM in a limited data setting.
Theories used to develop or evaluate social prescribing in studies: a scoping review
Authors: Evers Sinah , Husk Kerryn , Napierala Hendrik , Wendt Lydia , Gerhardus Ansgar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This scoping review aims to provide an overview of how theories were used in the development or evaluation of social prescribing (SP) intervention studies.

Background
SP describes a patient pathway where general practitioners (GPs) connect patients with community activities through referrals to link workers. This review seeks to understand the explanations provided for the outcomes and implementation process of SP.

Inclusion criteria
Studies using a defined theory to develop or evaluate a specific SP intervention in primary care and the community sector.

Methods
This scoping review was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology. The following databases were searched on 8th of July 2022: PubMed, ASSIA, Cochrane, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Social Care Online, Sociological Abstracts, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search only considered English language texts. Additional literature was identified by searching relevant web pages and by contacting experts. The selection of sources and the data extraction was done by two reviewers independently.

Results
The search resulted in 4240 reports, of which 18 were included in the scoping review. Of these, 16 were conducted in the UK, one in Canada and one in Australia. The majority of reports employed a qualitative approach (11/18). Three were study protocols. 11 distinct theories were applied to explain outcomes (4 theories), differences in outcomes (3 theories), and the implementation of the intervention (4 theories). In terms of practical application, the identified theories were predominantly used to explain and understand qualitative findings. Only one theory was used to define variables for hypothesis testing. All theories were used for the evaluation and none for the development of SP.

Conclusion
The theories influenced which outcomes the evaluation assessed, which causal pathway was expected to generate these outcomes, and which methodological approaches were used. All three groups of theories that were identified focus on relevant aspects of SP: fostering positive patient/community outcomes, addressing inequalities by considering the context of someone’s individual circumstances, and successfully implementing SP by collaboratively working across professions and institutional boundaries. Additional insight is required regarding the optimal use of theories in practical applications.
Identifying the most at-risk age-group and longitudinal trends of drug allergy labeling amongst 7.3 million individuals in Hong Kong
Authors: Chiang Valerie , Kan Andy Ka Chun , Saha Chinmoy , Au Elaine Y. L. , Li Philip H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Incorrect drug ‘allergy’ labels remain a global public health concern. Identifying regional trends of drug allergy labeling can guide appropriate public health interventions, but longitudinal or population drug allergy studies remain scarce. We analysed the serial epidemiology of drug allergy labeling to identify specific subgroups at highest risk of drug allergy labeling for potential interventions.

Methods
Longitudinal, population-wide drug allergy labels and clinical data from over 7,337,778 individuals in Hong Kong between 2016 and 2021 were analysed.

Results
The absolute prevalence and incidence of documented drug allergy were 5.61% and 277/100,000 population, respectively. Annual incidence of new allergy labels was stable between 2016 and 2019, until a significant drop in 2020 (−16.3%) during the COVID19 pandemic. The most common allergy labels were anti-infectives (245,832 [44.5%]), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (106,843 [19.3%]), and nervous system drugs (45,802 [8.3%]). The most common labeled culprits for the most severe immediate-type (anaphylaxis) and non-immediate-type (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) reactions were beta-lactams and nervous system drugs, respectively. For individuals at highest risk of labeling, there was significantly higher incidence of overall drug and beta-lactam allergy labeling amongst individuals aged > 40 years which contributed to the majority of newly labeled allergies (377,004, 68.2%).

Conclusions
Contrary to traditional dogma, we identified disproportionately higher incidence of drug allergy labeling amongst older individuals, rather than the paediatric age group. We advocate for more population-wide drug allergy studies to investigate this phenomenon in other cohorts as well as future preventative and delabeling efforts focusing on the adult population.
Production and secretion of recombinant spider silk in Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Connor Alexander , Zha R. Helen , Koffas Mattheos 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Silk proteins have emerged as versatile biomaterials with unique chemical and physical properties, making them appealing for various applications. Among them, spider silk, known for its exceptional mechanical strength, has attracted considerable attention. Recombinant production of spider silk represents the most promising route towards its scaled production; however, challenges persist within the upstream optimization of host organisms, including toxicity and low yields. The high cost of downstream cell lysis and protein purification is an additional barrier preventing the widespread production and use of spider silk proteins. Gram-positive bacteria represent an attractive, but underexplored, microbial chassis that may enable a reduction in the cost and difficulty of recombinant silk production through attributes that include, superior secretory capabilities, frequent GRAS status, and previously established use in industry.

Results
In this study, we explore the potential of gram-positive hosts by engineering the first production and secretion of recombinant spider silk in the Bacillus genus. Using an industrially relevant B. megaterium host, it was found that the Sec secretion pathway enables secretory production of silk, however, the choice of signal sequence plays a vital role in successful secretion. Attempts at increasing secreted titers revealed that multiple translation initiation sites in tandem do not significantly impact silk production levels, contrary to previous findings for other gram-positive hosts and recombinant proteins. Notwithstanding, targeted amino acid supplementation in minimal media was found to increase production by 135% relative to both rich media and unaltered minimal media, yielding secretory titers of approximately 100 mg/L in flask cultures.

Conclusion
It is hypothesized that the supplementation strategy addressed metabolic bottlenecks, specifically depletion of ATP and NADPH within the central metabolism, that were previously observed for an E. coli host producing the same recombinant silk construct. Furthermore, this study supports the hypothesis that secretion mitigates the toxicity of the produced silk protein on the host organism and enhances host performance in glucose-based minimal media. While promising, future research is warranted to understand metabolic changes more precisely in the Bacillus host system in response to silk production, optimize signal sequences and promoter strengths, investigate the mechanisms behind the effect of tandem translation initiation sites, and evaluate the performance of this system within a bioreactor.
The role of stigma in cannabis use disclosure: an exploratory study
Authors: King Daniel D. , Gill Christopher J. , Cadieux Carey S. , Singh Neha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Although cannabis use incidence, societal acceptance, and legislation all trend positively, cannabis remains federally illegal in the USA. Prior studies have revealed that patients are reluctant to disclose their cannabis use history in the healthcare system, which can negatively impact patient care. This study reports the frequency of cannabis use disclosure with special considerations for stigmatization. To better understand the limitations, providers face in providing collaborative, comprehensive, and informed care, this study evaluated four domains of stigma: perceived, anticipated, enacted, and internalized.

Methods
This study used a descriptive exploratory design. Data collection occurred using an anonymous, online national survey with a convenience sample in the USA. Recruitment relied on electronic media and occurred between July and December 2022. Participants were adults older than 21 years and self-identified as having used cannabis and accessed the healthcare system within the last five years. The survey measured demographic characteristics, cannabis use, and disclosure patterns. Stigma was measured using the Stigma Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (SU-SMS) and Substance Abuse Use Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS) with language modifications for cannabis. Ordinal logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations between the frequency of cannabis use disclosure patterns and each stigma category. Associations were assessed using Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests.

Results
Data were available for 249 respondents. Most participants (57.1%) reported initiating a conversation about cannabis with their healthcare provider; 27.8% of the time, cannabis is never discussed, and healthcare providers initiate only 15.1% of related discussions. Anticipated stigma [95% CI 1.045–1.164] and total stigma [95% CI 1.001–1.039] had statistically significant associations with nondisclosure. Annual household income (p = .04), chronicity of cannabis use (p = .03), frequency of cannabis use (p = .02), and a known amount of CBD in products consumed (p = .01) had statistically significant associations with the frequency of cannabis use disclosure.

Conclusions
Patients who use cannabis experience stigmatization in the healthcare setting that may limit disclosure of cannabis use history. Future studies would be well served to explore anticipated stigma more deeply. Healthcare providers should be knowledgeable to lead such conversations relating to cannabis while maintaining an unbiased perspective.
Prospective associations between changes in physical activity and sedentary time and subsequent lean muscle mass in older English adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study
Authors: Yerrakalva Dharani , Hajna Samantha , Khaw Kay-Tee , Griffin Simon J. , Brage Soren 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The longitudinal associations between physical behaviours and lean muscle mass indices need to be better understood to aid healthy ageing intervention development.

Methods
We assessed physical behaviours (total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, total sedentary time and prolonged sedentary bout time) for 7 days using hip-worn accelerometers. We also assessed domain-specific physical behaviours (walking, cycling, gardening and housework time) with self-report questionnaires at baseline (2006–2011) and follow-up (2012–2016) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study. We assessed body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at follow-up in 1535 participants (≥ 60 years at baseline). From this, we derived appendicular lean muscle mass (ALM) indices (% relative ALM = (ALM/total body weight)*100), body mass index (BMI)-scaled ALM (ALM/BMI, kg/kg/m2) and height-scaled ALM (ALM/height2, kg/m2)). We evaluated the prospective associations of both baseline and change in physical behaviours with follow-up muscle mass indices using multivariable linear regression.

Results
Over 5.5 years (SD 14.8) follow-up, higher baseline accelerometer-measured physical activity and lower sedentary time were associated with higher subsequent relative ALM and BMI-scaled ALM, but not height-scaled ALM (e.g. 0.02% higher subsequent relative ALM per minute/day of baseline MVPA for men). Greater increases in physical activity and greater declines in sedentary time variables were associated with higher subsequent relative ALM and BMI-scaled ALM, but not height-scaled ALM (e.g. 0.001 kg/kg/m2 subsequent BMI-scaled ALM and 0.04% subsequent relative ALM per min/day/year increases in LPA over follow-up; 0.001 kg/kg/m2 subsequent BMI-scaled ALM and -0.03% subsequent relative ALM per min/day/year less of total sedentary time over follow-up).
Greater increases in women’s cycling and gardening over follow-up were associated with greater subsequent relative ALM (cycling 0.9% per hour/week/year; gardening 0.2% per hour/week/year) and BMI-scaled ALM (cycling 0.03 kg/kg/m2 per hour/week/year; gardening 0.004 kg/kg/m2 per hour/week/year).

Conclusion
Physical behaviours across all intensities, and in women more specifically cycling and gardening, may help prevent age-related declines in muscle mass.
Trajectories of lifestyle patterns from 2 to 8 years of age and cardiometabolic risk in children: the GUSTO study
Authors: Chia Airu , Toh Jia Ying , Natarajan Padmapriya , Cai Shirong , Ong Yi Ying , Descarpentrie Alexandra , Lioret Sandrine , Bernard Jonathan Y , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Godfrey Keith M , Tan Kok Hian , Chong Yap Seng , Eriksson Johan G , Chong Mary F-F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Tracking combinations of lifestyle behaviours during childhood (“lifestyle pattern trajectories”) can identify subgroups of children that might benefit from lifestyle interventions aiming to improve health outcomes later in life. However, studies on the critical transition period from early to middle childhood are limited. We aimed to describe lifestyle patterns trajectories in children from 2 to 8 years of age and evaluated their associations with cardiometabolic risk markers at age 8 years in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Methods
Twelve lifestyle behaviours related to child’s diet, physical activity, screen use, and sleep were ascertained using questionnaires at ages 2, 5, and 8 years. Age-specific lifestyle patterns were derived using principal component analysis and trajectories were determined using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. Child cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed at age 8 years, and associations with trajectories examined using multiple regression, adjusted for confounders.

Results
Among 546 children, two lifestyle patterns “healthy” and “unhealthy” were observed at ages 2, 5, and 8 years separately. Three trajectory groups from 2 to 8 years were identified: consistently healthy (11%), consistently unhealthy (18%), and mixed pattern (71%). Children in the consistently unhealthy group (vs. mixed pattern) had increased odds of pre-hypertension (OR = 2.96 [95% CI 1.18–7.41]) and higher levels of diastolic blood pressure (β = 1.91 [0.27–3.55] mmHg), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β = 0.43 [0.13–0.74]), triglycerides (β = 0.11 [0.00-0.22] mmol/L), and metabolic syndrome score (β = 0.85 [0.20–1.49]), but not with BMI z-score or any anthropometric measurements. The consistently healthy group showed no differences in cardiometabolic outcomes compared to the mixed pattern group.

Conclusion
Three distinct lifestyle pattern trajectories were identified from early to middle childhood. Children in the consistently unhealthy lifestyle group did not have a raised BMI but was associated with several elevated cardiometabolic risk markers. These findings suggest the potential benefits of initiating holistic lifestyle interventions to improve children’s health and well-being from an early age.

Trial registration
Trial registration number: NCT01174875. Name of registry: ClinicalTrials.gov. URL of registry: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174875. Date of registration: August 4, 2010. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: June 2009.
Current evidence regarding the cellular mechanisms associated with cancer progression due to cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Attachaipanich Tanawat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral large cohort studies in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients have shown an increased incidence of cancer. Previous studies in a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model reported increased colon, breast, and lung cancer growth. The potential mechanisms could be due to secreted cardiokines and micro-RNAs from pathological hearts and immune cell reprogramming. A study in a MI-induced heart failure (HF) mouse demonstrated an increase in cardiac expression of SerpinA3, resulting in an enhanced proliferation of colon cancer cells. In MI-induced HF mice with lung cancer, the attenuation of tumor sensitivity to ferroptosis via the secretion of miR-22-3p from cardiomyocytes was demonstrated. In MI mice with breast cancer, immune cell reprogramming toward the immunosuppressive state was shown. However, a study in mice with renal cancer reported no impact of MI on tumor growth. In addition to MI, cardiac hypertrophy was shown to promote the growth of breast and lung cancer. The cardiokine potentially involved, periostin, was increased in the cardiac tissue and serum of a cardiac hypertrophy model, and was reported to increase breast cancer cell proliferation. Since the concept that CVD could influence the initiation and progression of several types of cancer is quite new and challenging regarding future therapeutic and preventive strategies, further studies are needed to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms which will enable more effective risk stratification and development of potential therapeutic interventions to prevent cancer in CVD patients.
Molecular epidemiology of pregnancy using omics data: advances, success stories, and challenges
Authors: Rahnavard Ali , Chatterjee Ranojoy , Wen Hui , Gaylord Clark , Mugusi Sabina , Klatt Kevin C. , Smith Emily R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMulti-omics approaches have been successfully applied to investigate pregnancy and health outcomes at a molecular and genetic level in several studies. As omics technologies advance, research areas are open to study further. Here we discuss overall trends and examples of successfully using omics technologies and techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics) to investigate the molecular epidemiology of pregnancy. In addition, we outline omics applications and study characteristics of pregnancy for understanding fundamental biology, causal health, and physiological relationships, risk and prediction modeling, diagnostics, and correlations.
Our experience diagnosing 225 patients with cervical glandular lesions: current technologies, lessons learned, and areas for improvement
Authors: Qin Yan , Deng Junyi , Ling Yuexian , Chen Tao , Gao Hongyi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
To explore the relative sensitivity of different methods for detecting cervical glandular lesions.

Methods
A total of 225 patients with cervical glandular lesions diagnosed from January 2018 to February 2023 were retrieved from the pathology database of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and their clinicopathological features were reviewed.

Results
Four human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes: HPV18, 16, 45, and 52, dominated all glandular lesions, and accounting for 74.10% of HPV-positive tumors. Furthermore, 36.89% of abnormal squamous cells were diagnosed as abnormal based on cytological examinations leading to the detection of cervical glandular lesions; only 16.89% were diagnosed based on the initial detection of abnormal glandular cytology. The most common abnormal cervical screening result was ASC-US on cytology (14.22%), followed by HSIL (11.56%). Only few number of patients were diagnosed with or suspected of having cervical adenopathy via a Pap test (18.22%). Nearly one-third of cervical glandular lesions cases were not detected on the Pap test; but were diagnosed upon cervical biopsy or based on the histological examination of ECC, LEEP, or CKC specimens. The LEEP or CKC biopsy specimens had negative margins in 49 cases (40.83%), while the margins were positive in the other 71 cases (59.17%). Five cases (10.20%) with negative margins still had residual lesions following total hysterectomy, and 19 (26.76%) with positive margins had no residual lesions after total hysterectomy.

Conclusion
The ability to detect cervical glandular lesions varies for routine HPV genotyping, Pap test, or biopsy/ECC, with different sensitivities and advantages and disadvantages for each method.