bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot-assisted knee arthroplasty: first experience (a prospective randomized study)
Authors: Airapetov G. A. , Yablonskiy P. K. , Serdobintsev M. S. , Dziov Z. V. , Naumov D. G. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction Primary total knee arthroplasty has long been proven effective in the treatment of stage 3–4 knee osteoarthritis. It is well known that this intervention not only improves the quality of life, but also helps to restore the function of the joint and eliminate axial deformities.Purpose To compare early results of total knee arthroplasty using robot-assisted technology with conventional manual technique.Materials and Methods 20 patients diagnosed with stage 3 osteoarthritis of the knee joint and varus deformity of the knee joint axis were included in a prospective randomized study. Patients were divided into 2 representative groups, 10 subjects underwent robot-assisted knee arthroplasty, and the conventional manual technique was used in the other 10 patients. For clinical assessment, functional scales KSS, WOMAC, Lysholm Score were used, postoperative radiographs were evaluated.Results According to clinical functional scales, 10 days after surgery, there was an improvement in performance in the patients of both groups (p < 0.05); the duration of the operation in the patients of both groups did not differ in general; intra-operative blood loss in the group with robot‑assisted arthroplasty was lower; and assessment of postoperative results by radiological imaging showed a better component positioning according to preoperative planning in the robotic group.Discussion When the operation is performed by experienced surgeons, one can expect the correct position of the components and the balance of the ligamentous apparatus in standard arthroplasty. However, the use of robot-assisted technology provides a secure intervention performance even at a hospital where a small number of such operations is performed.Conclusion Despite the high cost and the need for additional consumables, robot-assisted arthroplasty has a number of advantages over classical manual techniques. These advantages include: accurate restoration of the limb axis even in extra-articular deformities, correct position of the endoprosthesis components, reduction of intraoperative blood loss due to closed medullary canals, and safety for patients. However, the role of the surgeon in such operations remains paramount, as it is the surgeon who is responsible for planning the operation, performing it, and achieving soft tissue balance.
Comparative analysis of surgical techniques used to repair a closed sciatic nerve injury in patients undergoing total hip replacement
Authors: Bazhanov S. P. , Tolkachev V. S. , Aitemirov Sh. M. , Ostrovskii V. V. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction A variety of surgical techniques used to treat a closed sciatic nerve injury after total hip replacement (THR) require careful evaluation and comparison of short- and long-term outcomes of the complex management emphasizing a paucity of publications on the subject and a high social and economic role of the issue.The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of various surgical techniques used to treat closed sciatic nerve injuries afterTHR.Material and methods A total of 94 patients with closed sciatic nerves injuries associated with THR were divided into three groups. Microsurgical neurolysis of the sciatic nerve was produced for patients of Group I; patients of group II underwent microsurgical neurolysis of the sciatic nerve and electrical nerve stimulation; patients of group III had microsurgical neurolysis and electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve with multichannel electrodes and segmental apparatus of the spinal cord at the conus and epiconus level. Clinical and neurological tests, dynamic electrophysiological monitoring were employed for clinical and functional evaluation.Results In In the postoperative period, positive dynamics in clinical and electrophysiological parameters with improved pain, lower limb functionality, increased amplitudes and decreased latency of M‑response with most positive changes observed in Group III compared to Group I and Group II (p < 0.05).Discussion The function of the sciatic nerve restored in all patients with the most pronounced effect recorded in group III. The effect from the technique was associated with a simultaneous electrical stimulation of the trunk of the peripheral nerve and the segmental apparatus of the spinal cord causing synergetic effect on the structures.Conclusion The most effective method of surgical treatment was the use of Microsurgical neurolysis combined with two-level electrical stimulation was shown to be most effective and characterized by faster pain regression and positive dynamics in clinical and electrophysiological parameters in the affected lower limb of patients Group III.
Hematological markers of periprosthetic joint infection after revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Matveeva E. L. , Gasanova A. G. , Spirkina E. S. , Luneva S. N. , Ermakov A. M. 
Published: October 2023

Analysis of clinical and laboratory tests is essential for monitoring the course of infectious complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA).The objective was to assess the reliability of differences in hematological parameters in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) for monitoring the infectious process.Material and methods Patients with acute (lasting 21.8 days on average) and chronic (lasting for 26.3 months on average) PJI were screened for hematological parameters on admission and during treatment in order to control the course of the purulent-inflammatory process.Results Preoperative parameters demonstrated mild anemia in patients with acute PJI, and the hemoglobin concentration was normal in patients with chronic PJI. Patients of both groups showed normal total leukocyte count. ESR and C-reactive protein levels were many times higher than the threshold values. The C-reactive protein level was more than 2 times higher in patients with acute PJI than that in patients with a chronic infection. The ratio of ESR / C-reactive protein was normally greater than 5 units, from 3 to 4.5 in chronic PJI and from 1.5 to 2.3 in acute PJI. Discussion Examination of pre- and postoperative clinically significant parameters is practical for identification of the criteria to assess the risk of chronic PJI.Conclusion Patients with acute PJI need no additional clinical and laboratory examination, integral laboratory parameters can be employed for accurate assessment of the extent of inflammation in a purulent wound.
Comparative evaluation of osseointegration of new percutaneous implants made of Ti Grade 4 ultrafine‑grained alloy
Authors: Stogov M. V. , Emanov A. A. , Kuznetsov V. P. , Gorbach E. N. , Kireeva E. A. , Korelin A. V. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction It has been shown that titanium implants with a structured surface provide an increased rate of osseointegration what makes their application quite promising.The purpose of this work was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of osseointegration of new percutaneous implants for prosthetics made of ultrafine-grained Ti Grade 4 alloy.Materials and methods The study was carried out on 12 male rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed. Six rabbits of the control group had implants made of Ti6Al4V powder using selective laser sintering technology that were osseointegrated into the tibia, 6 rabbits of the experimental group had implants made of Ti Grade 4 by equal channel angular pressing. The formation of the "bone-implant" block was examined 26 weeks after the implantation.Results Histologically, after 26 weeks of the experiment, porous changes, enlargement of the Haversian canals, and pronounced osteoclastic resorption were not detected in the animals of the experimental group throughout the stump in the compact plate. Around the implant, a bony case repeating the bone shape was formed, represented by lamellar bone tissue. Using X-ray electron probe microanalysis, it was found that in the substrate formed on the surface of the implant in rabbits of the experimental group, there was significantly more calcium in all areas over the implant relative to the animals of the control group. In the control group, relative to the experimental group, an increased level of C-reactive protein in blood serum was retained longer. Complications and significant clinical and laboratory abnormalities were not found in both groups during the entire experiment.Discussion Our data are consistent with the results of other experimental studies, which unambiguously noted that titanium implants with a structured surface show increased osseointegration characteristics in comparative studies relative to implants without modification of the structure of the material of the threaded surface. The absence of complications and undesirable reactions of the animal organism also indicates the acceptable safety of the tested products.Conclusion Osseointegration of a percutaneous implant that has a mixed nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained structure was more effective than the reference implant. This makes the use of such implant promising for solving clinical problems in prosthetics.
<i>In vivo</i> effectiveness of polymer hydrogels impregnated with an antibacterial drug in chronic osteomyelitis
Authors: Tsiskarashvili A. V. , Melikova R. E. , Volkov A. V. , Zaytseva O. S. , Pkhakadze T. Ya. , Artyukhov A. A. , Sokorova N. V. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a common depot system in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. However, a lot of its shortcomings do not allow us to consider it ideal.Purpose of the work was to study in vivo the effectiveness of a polymer hydrogel containing an antibiotic for chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia in a rabbit model and compare it with PMMA.Materials and methods The study was performed on the lower leg of 25 mature Chinchilla rabbits. A model of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia was created. A methicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), highly active against cefazolin, was chosen as an infectious agent. Surgical debridement started 21 days after the clinical, laboratory, radiological and microbiological confirmation of the diagnosis, the technique for all animals was the same. The experimental group (n = 11) was treated by implantation of a polymer hydrogel, the comparison group (n = 11) with PMMA, and the control group (n = 3) had no implanted substance. In the postoperative period, monitoring of the local status, weight and body temperature of the animals, microbiological and radiological studies were carried out. Animals were taken out of the experiment by stages. Biopsies were sent for bacteriological and histomorphometric studies. Statistical comparison of the groups was performed using the Mann ‑ Whitney, Kruskell ‑ Wallis and Tukey criteria, descriptive statistics were used for the control group.Results In the experimental group, in all cases, postoperative wounds healed in a timely manner, the levels of WBC and CRP significantly (p = 0.040) decreased from 14 and 21 days, respectively. Microbiologically, the growth of microflora from the wound discharge and biopsy specimens was not detected; radiographic progression of chronic osteomyelitis was not observed; histomorphometry revealed a significant (p = 0.002) effective relief of the inflammatory process. In the comparison group, systemic antibiotic therapy was required from postoperative day 7. Levels of inflammatory markers decreased less effectively than in the experimental group. MSSA was verified from wound discharge and biopsy specimens at almost every follow-up time-point. X-rays and histomorphometry (p = 0.001), on average, detected exacerbation of osteomyelitis. In the control group, systemic therapy did not give positive dynamics.Discussion A comparative analysis showed that the hydrogel impregnated with an antibacterial agent, unlike PMMA, reliably arrests chronic osteomyelitis without auxiliary systemic antibiotic therapy and does not cause material-associated bone resorption. The clinical and laboratory picture is fully consistent with the data of microbiology, radiology and histomorphometry.Conclusion Hydrogel impregnated with an antibiotic reliably and effectively stops chronic osteomyelitis compared to PMMA.
A comparative study of the outcome of displaced fractures neck of femur treated with unipolar prosthesis and fenestrated bipolar prosthesis in active elderly patients
Authors: Aminul Islam Mohammad , Debnath Shaymal Chandra , Hossen Muhammad Anwar , Shahnewas  
Published: October 2023

Background: Fractures of the neck or femur are among the most serious surgical problems affecting older groups. These fractures constitute a large burden on families and society due to the inability to stand and walk. Objectives were to compare the functional outcomes of unipolar (Austin-Moore) versus uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in displaced fractures neck femur among these active elderly patients.
Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out at NITOR, Dhaka, Bangladesh in total 60 patients. Among them, 30 patients were treated with unipolar and 30 patients were treated with fenestrated bipolar prosthesis through a lateral approach.
Results: There was no significant age difference between the two groups. Regarding the functional outcome, 6 (20%) patients in the unipolar group and 11 (36.67%) patients in the bipolar group had excellent outcomes. About the same number of patients had good outcomes 36.67% in the unipolar and 43.33% in the bipolar group; the fair and poor outcome was more in the unipolar group than the bipolar group. So, the final outcome after 6 months of operation, 57.57% of patients had satisfactory results in the unipolar group whereas 80% of patients had satisfactory results in the bipolar group. The average Harris hip score was 77.14±14.58 in the unipolar group and 84.63±10.15 in the bipolar group and the p=0.01 which is below 0.05. So, the result is statistically significant.
Conclusions: Uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a fenestrated stem can give better functional outcomes for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in active elderly patients compared to Austin-Moore prostheses.
Toronto extremity salvage score-patient reported outcome measures in upper extremity bone tumors treated with limb salvage surgery
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , P. A. Sandhya 
Published: October 2023

Bone and soft tissue tumors of upper extremity are relatively uncommon than those of lower limb. Treating these patients while retaining a functional limb is quite a challenge. Along with musculoskeletal tumor society score, Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) is most widely used patient-reported outcome measure for sarcomas of upper extremity. Retrospective analysis of patients with upper extremity bone tumors (24) treated with limb salvage surgery (20) from 2014 to 2022 was undertaken. Mean follow-up period was 26 months and mean age was 30.2 years. Out of 20, 11 humerus cases were of tumors arising from humerus, 5 in radius and 3 in ulna. 9 patients were treated with custom mega prosthesis reconstruction, 6 with fibular free flap, 6 radius underwent simple resection and 1 curettage. Majority of the cases were giant cell tumors (8) followed by osteosarcoma (3), fibromatosis (3), aneurysmal bone cyst (2), simple bone cyst (2), 1 Ewing sarcoma and 1 metastatic bone disease. The mean TESS score of the sample population was 69.7 Most of the patients (11) rated their disability to be of moderate degree and considered themselves to be moderately disabled. The mean TESS score for CMP group was 71.1, while that of autograft reconstruction was 68.3. Despite only half the population having received CMP as a reconstructive option, nearly 40% patients with disease of forearm where the results are not so great, our study population reported a reasonably good patient reported outcome score. A dedicated physiotherapy team with tailor made exercise protocol for each patient depending on their needs can help in improving the quality of life.
Modele zmian ściśliwości przestrzeni porowej mioceńskich skał zbiornikowych z rejonu zapadliska przedkarpackiego
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Nowak Krzysztof 
Published: October 2023

Ściśliwość porowa skał jest jednym z istotnych parametrów wykorzystywanych w trakcie badań złóż węglowodorów. Nieprawidłowe oszacowanie tego czynnika, a co za tym idzie – porowatości pierwotnej w warunkach in situ, prowadzi do błędów w szacowaniu zasobów złóż węglowodorów. Dotychczasowe próby opisania zależności pomiędzy porowatością mierzoną w ramach rutynowych badań petrofizycznych a ściśliwością porową doprowadziły do powstania szeregu modeli umożliwiających oszacowanie współczynnika ściśliwości porowej. Niestety, w trakcie prac zaczęto zauważać, że wyniki otrzymane na podstawie modeli nie mogą zastąpić badań laboratoryjnych, a jedynie służyć jako narzędzie pomocnicze. Dodatkowo wykazano, że uzyskane rezultaty różnią się w zależności od litologii, miejsca pochodzenia próbek i ciśnień, w jakich były badane. Doprowadziło to do powstawania coraz większej liczby modeli o różnym przeznaczeniu. W artykule użyto kilku najpopularniejszych modeli służących do oceny współczynnika ściśliwości piaskowców, które próbowano dopasować do uzyskanych wyników eksperymentalnych. Obiektem badań było 20 próbek piaskowców i heterolitów z rejonu zapadliska przedkarpackiego o porowatości od kilku do dwudziestu kilku procent. Przebadano je pod kątem właściwości petrofizycznych takich jak porowatość i przepuszczalność, a także dokonano analizy petrograficznej. Następnie przeprowadzono badanie ściśliwości porowej i wykonano analizę zależności pomiędzy ściśliwością a porowatością. Po uzyskaniu wyników eksperymentalnych porównano je z wynikami otrzymanymi na podstawie modeli literaturowych. W wyniku analizy statystycznej wytypowano najlepszy z modeli, który następnie został zmodyfikowany z wykorzystaniem języka R i środowiska Posit w celu jak najlepszego dopasowania do danych laboratoryjnych. Pozwoliło to na opracowanie modelu, który w porównaniu z dostępnymi modelami pozwala z dużo większą dokładnością przewidzieć współczynnik ściśliwości porowej piaskowców i heterolitów z zapadliska przedkarpackiego.
Autologous Anti-GD2 CAR T Cells Efficiently Target Primary Human Glioblastoma
Authors: Dominici Massimo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a deadly tumor. Treatment with chemo-radiotherapy and corticosteroids is known to impair the functionality of lymphocytes, potentially compromising the development of autologous CAR T cell therapies. We here generated pre-clinical investigations of autologous anti-GD2 CAR T cells tested against 2D and 3D models of GBM primary cells. We detected a robust anti-tumor effect, highlighting the feasibility of developing an autologous anti-GD2 CAR T cell-based therapy for GBM patients.
An annotation assisted smart contracts generation method
Authors: Yong Chen , Defeng Hu , Chao Xu , Nannan Chen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, the demand and complexity of smart contracts have sharply increased. However, smart contracts not only have high security requirements, but also have unique development languages that conventional software developers find difficult to quickly adapt to. Therefore, how to efficiently develop secure and reliable smart contracts is a key issue. Therefore, we propose an annotation guided intelligent contract automatic generation method based on the Char-RNN network. It utilizes annotation information from the source code of smart contracts as semantic assist, and enhances the clustering performance for functionally similar smart contracts, which can obtain more accurate features of smart contracts. At the same time, to enhance the applicability of the model, the method achieves automatic generation of code at multiple levels such as contracts, functions, interfaces, libraries, etc., to meet the development needs of different users. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we conducted experiments on the automatically generated smart contract using the BLUE metrics and VaaS security detection tool. The experimental results showed that compared with existing methods, the smart contract generated by our method improved the average BLEU score by 27% and the accuracy by 7.6%.
Ultimate condensation of hard X-ray free-electron laser reaching single-nanometre focus size and 1022 W/cm2 intensity
Authors: Yamada Jumpei , Matsuyama Satoshi , Inoue Ichiro , Osaka Taito , Inoue Takato , Nakamura Nami , Tanaka Yuto , Inubushi Yuichi , Yabuuchi Toshinori , Tono Kensuke , Tamasaku Kenji , Yumoto Hirokatsu , Koyama Takahisa , Ohashi Haruhiko , Yabashi Makina , Yamauchi Kazuto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
By illuminating matter with bright and intense light, we gain profound insights into its composition and property. In the regime of extremely short wavelengths, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with exceptional peak brilliance have unveiled crucial details about the structures, dynamics, and physics of various materials. Although X-ray focusing optics to enhance the intensity have progressed, achieving a single-nanometre focusing spot that fully exploits the source performance has remained elusive. Aberrations arising from reflective optical schemes noticeably degrade the focus, in conjunction with the inevitable angular transition and pointing errors. Here, we present an innovative approach that directly forms a source image into a tiny focusing spot, achieving 7 nm focusing of 9.1-keV XFELs with the unprecedented intensity of 1.45 × 1022 W/cm2. This breakthrough was made possible by a scheme combining concave and convex X-ray mirrors with suppressed aberrations and high angular tolerances. The attained highly intense XFELs, surpassing the previous intensity by a hundred-fold, induced the vigorous ionization of chromium, suggesting the creation of solid-density heavy bare atomic nuclei. Our results, which realize stable ultraintense XFEL beams by forming demagnified source images, hold immediate significance in wide research fields, including atomic, molecular and optical physics and high-energy-density sciences.