bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spenser’s Monstrous Regiment
Authors: McCabe Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spenser's Monstrous Regiment examines the works of Edmund Spenser within the dual, but interactive, contexts of imperial aspiration and female 'regiment' to provide a reinterpretation of The Faerie Queene as a (frustrated) colonial romance more akin to Camões' Os Lusíadas in its political and racial outlook than to the heroic verse of Ariosto or Tasso. It is the first study to contextualise Spenser's polemical response to the Irish colonial situation by reference to contemporary Gaelic literature, and particularly Bardic Poetry. The dialectical format of A View of the Present State of Ireland operates to exclude the Gaelic voice from participation in the Irish political debate, and contemporary criticism unwittingly participates in the exclusion through its concentration upon colonial tracts written by English politicians and planters. The present study constitutes a sustained attempt to reverse this tendency and thereby provide a new perspective for the understanding of his work. The enterprise is all the more significant to colonial studies in general in that Spenser virtually invented the techniques of interpretation, and denigration, that remained prevalent in colonial discourse for over two centuries. At the same time, the experience of writing from Ireland intensified Spenser's sense of alienation from female sovereignty and progressively displaced Virgilian with Ovidian perspectives as the would-be laureate became the critic in exile. The queen's apparent frustration of the colonial and expansionist aspirations of Grey, Leicester, and Ralegh led to the remarkable fusion of colonial and sexual anxieties manifest in Spenser's pervasive images of anti-heroic emasculation. Richard McCabe argues that structural incoherence of The Faerie Queene is directly related to the perceived absence of male 'regiment', of 'mans well ruling hand' (5. 5. 25). The prospect of miscegenation, and the generation of racially hybrid offspring amongst the planter community, intensified the dilemma by challenging Spenser's notions of national identity. His creation of an 'English' myth of origin coincided uneasily with the attempted discrediting of its Gaelic counterpart, as formulated, for example, in the Lebor Gábala Érenn. A View is therefore drawn to concede the fictive nature of the myth of origin upon which The Faerie Queene relies but without recognising, or admitting, the logical implications of this concession. If Spenser's 'faerie' race is intended to function as a metaphor for the successful assimilation of Briton, Saxon, Angle and Norman into a unified 'English' people, the opposite process of cultural assimilation operative in Ireland (regarded by Spenser as a process of racial degeneration) challenges the validity of that metaphor and the integrity of all political 'myth'.
Spenser and the Rival Poets
Authors: McCabe Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the seventeen dedicatory sonnets that preface the first edition of The Faerie Queene, this is the only one addressed to an ‘Irish’ aristocrat. I use the term ‘Irish’ with considerable circumspection, however. Ormond was not Gaelic Irish but Old English, what the Irish termed ‘Sean-Ghall’ or ‘Old Foreigner’. The Butlers had been established in Ireland since the twelfth century and were commonly reputed by New English commentators to be amongst the least ‘Gaelicized’ of the surviving Old English families. Black Thomas (or Tomas Dubh), as he was known to his contemporaries, was the first of the Butlers of Ormond to be professedly Protestant and, as the queen’s kinsman, exercised considerable influence at court.
‘In Contrayez Straunge: Colonial Relations, British Identity, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Authors: Ingham Patricia Clare 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Empires need to tell the stories of their past. Those imperial representations-whether told in popular or scholarly versions, by way of folktale or with the apparent sobriety of national history-constitute what the postcolonial theorist Homi Bhabha calls a nation’s ‘regime of truth’, offering a ‘fantasy of origin and identity’ that none the less demands an ‘otherness’ at its heart. In foregrounding the representational quality of empire-building, Bhabha points to a complicity between textuality and colonial rule as historiographic or literary regimes of apparent ‘truth’ authorize, imagine, and justify political, social, and economic regimes of apparent ‘order’. And when he points to ‘otherness’ as constitutive of national narratives, Bhabha cautions modern scholars against a nai”ve reception of the definitions of cultural identity that we are taught to claim.
Prophetic Nations
Authors: Nissé Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Book N of the autograph manuscript of the otherwise patriotic monastic chronicle Eulogium Historiarum, the narrative of British geography and the different ‘nations’ of Britain is interrupted by the insertion of two quires—in the author’s hand—containing Jean de Roquetaillade’s popular and vehemently pro-Valois apocalyptic tract, Vade mecum in tribulatione. This is a rare case of textual crisis akin to the sudden wail of an emergency warning signal drowning out the evening news: the voice of the Malmesbury chronicler writing in the early 1360s gives way to the prophet who has scheduled the advent and rule of Antichrist, followed by the beginning of a ‘third age’ of spiritual renewal just then, between 1360 and 1370. The account of British national legitimacy that the chronicler nevertheless continues to pen in Book V takes on new meanings in light of this End of History in the middle of his work.
Introduction
Authors: Trotter David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book grew out of, or got left over from, a previous study of the idea of mess in nineteenth-century art and fiction. The main emphasis of that study is on the relation between mess and chance: messes tend to happen by accident, and the representation of mess in art and fiction can be a way to think about chance, about the part chance plays in our lives. Mess is contingency’s signature; mess is what contingency’s signature would look like, if contingency had a signature. Contingency, the dictionaries tell us, can be regarded either as a freedom or as a vulnerability. It is the condition of pure escape, of the absence of predetermining necessity; and it is the condition of being subject to chance and change, at the mercy of accident. Either way, it leaves little room for the meaning and value our habits of mind (religious, philosophical, ideological, literary) have often led us to expect from the world.
Paranoia, Psychoanalysis, and Cultural Theory
Authors: Trotter David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It could bf said of ‘paranoia’, though not of ‘dementia praecox’, that it was the point of intersection between developments in descriptive psychopathology and developments in the psycho dynamic understanding of mental illness which had preceded Freud, but which he and his followers were to put into elaborate and authoritative order. Kraepelin himself, as we have seen, argued in his later work that paranoia was a psychogenic disorder, like hysteria. Freud for the most part avoided discussion of the psychoses, which he thought inaccessible to his methods; but he did regard the unmistakably paranoid (or paranoid-schizophrenic) Daniel Paul Schreber as a suitable case, if not for treatment, then at least for intensive analysis. Freud’s psychodynamic understanding of the mind as a site of conflict produced a new slant on paranoia. It drew attention to features of paranoid personality which descriptive psychopathology had tended to ignore or downplay: notably, I shall argue, the nausea which in some cases either inaugurates delusion, or intervenes whenever its ability to make sense of the world comes under threat; and the end-of-the-world fantasies which figure the destrnctiveness of the mania disgust articulates.
Veteran Poetry Combat Experience—The Actuality and the Need to Bear Witness
Authors: Chattarji Subarno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Combat training, even in the elite Marine Corps, did not (could not?) prepare soldiers for the reality of death, and initial poetic responses dwelt on the fact in minute detail. The close proximity to arbitrary and immediate annihilation or grave injury heightened one’s sense of mortality and, according to some veterans, provided an adrenalin rush and excitement, that made life after war seem pallid and boring. William Broyles Jr. served as a Marine in 1969 and 1970, and his article, ‘Why Men Love War’, attempts to explain its allure:
Part of the love of war stems from its being an experience of great intensity; its lure is the fundamental human passion to witness, to see things, what the Bible calls the lust of the eye and the Marines in Vietnam called eye fucking. War stops time, intensifies experience to the point of a terrible ecstasy⃛if you come back whole you bring with you the knowledge that you have explored regions of your soul that in most men will remain uncharted.
Veteran Poetry The Aftermath
Authors: Chattarji Subarno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The transition from Vietnam to America, from ‘in country’ to ‘the World’ was a swift, often bizarre and almost incomprehensible process for many veterans. In thirty-six hours they were transported from the immediacy of war to the sometimes hostile, but mostly pleasant and placid environment of ‘home’. The most common response to returning veterans was a stolid, uncomprehending silence: an absolute refusal to know. This, combined with the hostility of anti-war protesters, contributed to the veterans’ sense of alienation. Just as the war had betrayed stereotyped expectations, so did the homecoming.
The ‘Other’ Vietnamese Poetic Representations
Authors: Chattarji Subarno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A study of Vietnamese poems in translation poses problems which I discuss later in the chapter. At this juncture two preliminary points are worth mentioning. The first is the rhetoric of war that is an uncanny parallel of absolutist US policy statements. Nguyen Huu The, presenting the National Liberation Front point of view, stated: ‘Today, in spite of all kinds of double talk about “peace” and “negotiation”, they [the US] have appeared under their true colors as the most cruel and bloodthirsty aggressive colonialist devil.’ General Tran Van Tra said of the larger political rationale behind the Tet Offensive in 1968: ‘Ours was a just war against foreign aggression and a traitorous puppet regime, against brutality and injustice, for national independence and freedom, and for human dignity. The war was thus in tune with the conscience of our time.’ Both statements present true aspects of the conflict in that it was a war of independence for many Vietnamese, and that American attempts at negotiating peace were half-hearted at best.
Introduction
Authors: Houen Alex 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Words, fictionalization, plays ‘1th meaning these are the last things that most people associated with the impact of the terrorist attacks in America on 11 September 20(H. It was a day in which terrorism exploded into a sheer ‘lscerality of fact: four planes hijacked by Is laic extremists had crashed into the World Trade Center, the Pen tango, and a field in Pennsylvania within a few hours of each other. Short1y after, both towers of the World trade Center collapsed. The total casualties were immediately in the thousands; the world was suddenly being confronted with the most devastating act of terrorism in history. Television footage of the aftermath made the devastation all too apparent; images of the Trade Center towers collapsing, and of shocked and bloodied casualties, said it all.
The Contours of Republicanism: William Mcllvanney and the Geography of Difference
Authors: Ryan Ray 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout William Mcilvanney’s work, there is a commitment to the idea of an indigenous Scottish humanism rooted in the industrial, urban experience of the west-central working class. This conflation of geography and justice, space and history, the cultural specificity of Scotland and the universality of civic humanism, is developed in Surviving the Shipwreck, a collection of essays written between 1974 and 1990
Introduction
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hundred years between c.1050 and c.1150 witnessed a religious excitement in the West unparalleled since the era of the Early Church. It saw the emergence of a self-confident papacy that bore many of the attributes of a secular monarchy, and which was primarily responsible for the militant reconquest (however short-lived) of regions that had been subject to Islam for generations and the extension of Christianity further into Scandinavia and north-eastern Europe. At a local level, the develop¬ ment of the parochial system and a parochial clergy consolidated belief amongst the laity, though at the same time some were drawn towards heresy, now perceived as a real threat to the Church as it had not been for centuries. This was also a period of extraordinary intellectual enquiry that produced some of the most remarkable scholars, theologians, and philosophers of the Middle Ages: men such as Anselm, Abelard, or Hugh of St Victor. To cater for the new demand for learning that was generated both within the Church and from increasingly bureaucratized secular governments, new institutions, particularly the universities, were to emerge. But not all were attracted by public clerical careers; many looked to lives of greater solitude and contemplation. Monasticism had been a feature of the Church since earliest times, but never before had there been so many and so diverse opportunities in the religious life. Long-established Bendictine monasteries like Cluny or Winchester flourished; others sought the more ascetic life of the ‘new’ orders that sprang up all over western Europe, of which the Cistercians were only the most widespread and successful expression, while yet others lived apart from the world as anchorites and anchoresses, now a familiar feature of the settled and unsettled landscape.
The Making of a Saint
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Vita of Gilbert of Sempringham, often styled the Liber Sancti Gilberti, is by far the most important surviving source both for the life of the founder and for the early history of the communities. It is also unquestionably one of the most illuminating documents for the history of monasticism in twelfth-century England: it ranks with the life of Christina of Markyate as a spiritual biography, while being at the same time a major source for the understanding of the dynamics of monastic reform.’ The Vita was written shortly after the translation of the newly canonized Gilbert’s relics on 13 October 1202. The author, who was almost certainly Ralph de Insula, sacrist of Sempringham and one of the envoys to Rome during Gilbert’s canonization process, dedicated it to archbishop Hubert Walter of Canterbury. It was prepared at the request of Roger, Gilbert’s successor as Master of the order, and of Albinus, chaplain and close friend of the saint. An earlier, shorter version of the Life was taken to Rome to further the canonization campaign: the final expanded version was undertaken on the commission of the archbishop and corrected by William de Montibus, chancellor of Lincoln.
The Life Within
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There could be no closer tie between benefactor and priory than the placing of one or more members of the grantor’s family as a nun or canon, or the reception of the grantor him- or herself as a member of the religious community. Men and women entered the priories for a number of reasons. As the customary of the Augustinian canons of Springiersbach put it: ‘some come from monasteries of our own order, nearby or distant, either as deserters of their place and profession or in order to follow the canonical way of life more strictly. Some come from communities of monks; these have neither been oblated by their kin nor as yet professed as monks, but have left during their novitiate. Some are secular clerks. Some are laymen, and these are of two kinds; some of them are young, and because of their age and intelligence are suitable for instruction in letters and promotion to clerical status, while others, older and of duller understanding, emulate the canonical life while retaining their lay status and, being placed under a Rule, are governed by a discipline appropriate for them.’ A nunnery was ‘a career, a vocation, a prison, a refuge: to its different inmates the medieval nunnery was all of these things’. Gilbertine nunneries were no exception. We can hardly ever explain, however, why recruits chose the Gilbertine alternative. Charters never record specific motives, and it can only be assumed that in the majority of cases the Gilbertines drew their nuns and canons from local families which had already developed ties with the house. One of Gilbert’s miracle stories provides one possible explanation for a canon’s entry into the community.
Gilbertine Foundations
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the time of his death in 1189 Gilbert had founded nine double houses and four for canons only. The former included all the double communities except Shouldham; the small house of Tunstall had already failed. The four single houses are hard to identify with certainty, but were probably St Katherine’s, Lincoln, Malton, Newstead, and Mattersey. By the Dissolution there was a total of twenty-three Gilbertine houses, ten of them double communities. At least six more, three of them in England, one each in Scotland and Normandy, and another at Rome, had a more ephemeral life and survived for no more than a few years.
Patterns of Endowment
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mid-twelfth century was the high-water mark of monastic foundations in England. Thereafter the tide of benefactions receded. In part this was due to changing fashions of pious giving, in part to the fact that there was a decreasing amount of land available for distribution to the religious. The majority of the Gilbertine houses, founded as they were between 1148 and 1160, operated in a world where there was an increasing scramble for endowments, where investment in the land market was essential for expansion, and sometimes for survival, and where competition between the religious was now regulated by formal agreement.
The Gilbertines and their Churches
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Gilbert returned from his studies in France his father presented him to his two demesne churches of Sempringham and West Torrington. In spite of his reluctance, Gilbert agreed to receive them ‘in order that his father’s rights in them might be preserved’. A few years later Gilbert used the income from these churches to support his first community of anchoresses, and it is likely that these revenues continued to provide the greater part of their income until c.1150. Since the mid-eleventh century the church-owning laity of western Europe had been disposing of their spiritual possessions to more acceptable proprietors, chiefly monks, and by 1150 a ‘flood of donations’ of parish churches to religious orders was already well under way. The reasons for this transfer of rights, unparalleled in England (or western Europe) until the sixteenth century, have been much discussed and there is no necessity to examine this issue in detail here. The motives for lay donation of churches were mixed, owing something to the growing disapproval of the laity’s ownership of tithes and their ius proprietatis in churches, a right which was now being reduced to one of patronatus, and something to the fact that a lay proprietor probably received relatively little financial benefit from ownership of a church when compared with that enjoyed by a religious owner. Since the laity could no longer be granted any spiritual possessions nor enjoy the temporal benefits of tithes, it made more sense to give or, perhaps as likely, sell their churches, and gain spiritual rewards for their benefactions. Pressures on the laity to ‘disinvest’ in churches were considerable: the chief beneficiaries were the religious.
Liberal Politics, 1886–1892
Authors: Shepherd John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1886 the opening of the Emigrants’ Information Office by the government, after the successful emigration conference in London, demonstrated George Lansbury’s notable political expertise. This soon attracted the attention of the local Liberal party bosses. Samuel Montagu (later Baron Swaythling), Liberal MP for Whitechapel, who was at the emigration conference to observe Lansbury’s political credentials at first hand, saw an important representative of the working class who could be usefully recruited to the Liberal fold. On leaving the King’s College conference he told him, ‘You must let me get you into the House of Commons. You are just the sort of man we want there.’
The People’s Guardian, 1893–1914
Authors: Shepherd John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Abandon hope all ye who enter here’ was George Lansbury’s verdict as a newly elected guardian after his first memorable visit to the workhouse in Poplar High Street in 1893 revealed its formidable Bastille-like environment. Sick and aged, mentally deficient, lunatics, babies and children, as well as the able-bodied and vagrants, were all crowded together in the single institution which was the hated symbol of the Victorian poor law. Throughout his life Lansbury was more popularly linked with the battle to end working-class poverty, destitution, and un employment than any other cause. By 1929, when the local authorities assumed responsibility for poor law administration, no one was more identified than Lans bury with the various crusades to reform and ultimately abolish the horrors of the Victorian system, which had cast a long shadow over social provision during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
At Westminster, 1911–1912
Authors: Shepherd John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1911 George Lansbury entered Parliament as the member for Bow and Bromley during the political crisis in the Edwardian state caused by a series of major domestic conflicts in the immediate pre-war years. The Liberal government faced wide spread unrest in the trade union and labour movement, with major large-scale strikes and disturbances, and a serious threat of civil war over the crisis in IB ster. From 1909 the rejection at Westminster of the ‘People’s Budget’ produced a constitutional impasse in the House of Lords over the passage of the Parliament Bill. Out side Parliament, the WSPU, led by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, escalated the militant women’s campaign for the parliamentary franchise by the use of civil disobedience and arson.
By-Election and Prison, 1912–1913
Authors: Shepherd John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 11 Novemben912 The Times reported that two days previously George Lansbury MP had crossed the English Channel to Boulogne with the suffragette leader, Emmeline Pankhurst, to confer with her daughter, Christabel, hiding from the English police at the Parisian Hotel Cite Bergere as ‘Miss Amy Richards’. A few days later, Lansbury dramatically resigned his parliamentary seat to force a by election at Bow and Bromley over ‘Votes for Women’. According to Raymond Postgate, the Pankhursts, who led the militant WSPU, had persuaded the Labour MP and champion of the East End working class that by taking this course of action he would strike a brilliant publicity coup for the women’s cause.