bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transdermal Microneedles Alleviated Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inducing Immune Tolerance via Skin‐Resident Antigen Presenting Cells
Authors: Zhao Yuanhao , Chen Xiaoyan , He Penghui , Wang Xuanyu , Xu Yanhua , Hu Rui , Ou Yangsen , Zhang Zhihua , Zhang Zhibing , Du Guangsheng , Sun Xun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRestoring immune tolerance is the ultimate goal for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. The most reported oral or intravenous injection routes for the immunization of autoantigens cause gastrointestinal side effects, low patient compliance, and unsatisfied immune tolerance induction. Herein, the use of a transdermal microneedle patch is for the first time investigated to codeliver CII peptide autoantigen and rapamycin for reversing immune disorders of RA. The immunized microneedles efficiently recruit antigen‐presenting cells particularly Langerhans cells, and induce tolerogenic dendritic cells at the administration skin site. The tolerogenic dendritic cells further homing to lymph nodes to activate systemic Treg cell differentiation, which upregulates the expression of anti‐inflammatory mediators while inhibiting the polarization of Th1/2 and Th17 T cell phenotypes and the expression of inflammatory profiles. As a result, the optimized microneedles nearly completely eliminate RA symptoms and inflammatory infiltrations. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a low dose of rapamycin is crucial for the successful induction of immune tolerance. The results indicate that a rationally designed microneedle patch is a promising strategy for immune balance restoration with increased immune tolerance induction efficiency and patient compliance.
Boosting Conductive Loss and Magnetic Coupling Based on “Size Modulation Engineering” toward Lower‐Frequency Microwave Absorption
Authors: Guo Yuan , Duan Yuping , Liu Xiaoji , Zhang Hao , Yuan Tingkang , Wen Ningxuan , Li Chengwei , Pang Huifang , Fan Zeng , Pan Lujun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rational design of absorber size is a promising strategy for obtaining excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. However, achieving controllable tuning of the material size through simple methods is challenging and the associated EMW attenuation mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the sizes of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are successfully tailored by changing the growth time and the molar ratio of iron (Fe)/organic ligands. The lateral and vertical lengths of MOFs vary in the range of 200 nm to 2 µm and 100 nm to 1 µm, respectively. Both experiments and simulations confirm that the decrease of MOF size favors the formation of more conductive networks, which is beneficial for improving the conductivity loss. Meanwhile, the micromagnetic simulation reveals that the magnetic coupling can be effectively enhanced by the decrease of MOF size, which is conducive to the improvement of magnetic loss, especially in low‐frequency range. The reflection loss of Fe‐based MOFs with optimized size reaches −46.4 dB at 6.2 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.1 GHz. This work illustrates the important role of size effect in EMW dissipation and provides an effective strategy for enhancing the low‐frequency EMW absorption performance.
Nature‐Inspired Thylakoid‐Based Photosynthetic Nanoarchitectures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kong Qunshou , Zhu Zhimin , Xu Qin , Yu Feng , Wang Qisheng , Gu Zhihua , Xia Kai , Jiang Dawei , Kong Huating 
Published: December 2023

Abstract“Drawing inspiration from nature” offers a wealth of creative possibilities for designing cutting‐edge materials with improved properties and performance. Nature‐inspired thylakoid‐based nanoarchitectures, seamlessly integrate the inherent structures and functions of natural components with the diverse and controllable characteristics of nanotechnology. These innovative biomaterials have garnered significant attention for their potential in various biomedical applications. Thylakoids possess fundamental traits such as light harvesting, oxygen evolution, and photosynthesis. Through the integration of artificially fabricated nanostructures with distinct physical and chemical properties, novel photosynthetic nanoarchitectures can be catalytically generated, offering versatile functionalities for diverse biomedical applications. In this article, an overview of the properties and extraction methods of thylakoids are provided. Additionally, the recent advancements in the design, preparation, functions, and biomedical applications of a range of thylakoid‐based photosynthetic nanoarchitectures are reviewed. Finally, the foreseeable challenges and future prospects in this field is discussed.
Overcoming T Cell Exhaustion in Tumor Microenvironment via Immune Checkpoint Modulation with Nano‐Delivery Systems for Enhanced Immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Weiyue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for tumors has arisen in growing interest. However, the low response rate of tumors to ICB is mainly attributed to the inhibitory infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite the promising benefits of ICB, the therapeutic effects of antibodies are dependent on a high dose and long‐term usage in the clinic, thereby leading to immune‐related adverse effects. Accordingly, ICB combined with nano‐delivery systems could be used to overcome T cell exhaustion, which reduces the side effects and the usage of antibodies with higher response rates in patients. In this review, the authors aim to overcome T cell exhaustion in TME via immune checkpoint modulation with nano‐delivery systems for enhanced immunotherapy. Several strategies are summarized to combine ICB and nano‐delivery systems to further enhance immunotherapy: a) expressing immune checkpoint on the surface of nano‐delivery systems; b) loading immune checkpoint inhibitors into nano‐delivery systems; c) loading gene‐editing technology into nano‐delivery systems; and d) nano‐delivery systems mediated immune checkpoint modulation. Taken together, ICB combined with nano‐delivery systems might be a promising strategy to overcome T cell exhaustion in TME for enhanced immunotherapy.
RETRACTED: Phenylacetyl glutamine (PAGln) enhances cardiomyocyte death after myocardial infarction through β1 adrenergic receptor
Authors: Xu Hang , Yang Na , Wang Bao‐Yan , Zhou Lin , Xu Li‐Li , Chen Yan , Wang Dong‐Jin , Ge Wei‐Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore the roles of phenylacetyl glutamine (PAGln) on myocardial infarction (MI) pathogenesis. Here, using targeted metabolomics analysis, it was found that the plasma metabolite PAGln was upregulated in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and MI mice and could be an independent risk factor for CAD. In vivo and in vitro functional experiments revealed that PAGln pretreatment enhanced MI‐induced myocardial injury and cardiac fibrosis, as evident by the increased infarct size, cardiomyocyte death, and the upregulated expression of cardiac fibrosis markers (Col1a1 and α‐SMA). Combined with RNA‐sequencing analysis and G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) inhibitor, we found that the GPCR signaling activation is essential for PAGln‐mediated effects on cardiomyocyte death. Furthermore, drug affinity responsive target stability and cellular thermal shift assay demonstrated that PAGln could interact with β1‐adrenergic receptor (AR). Moreover, β1‐AR blocker treatment indeed extended the cardiac remodeling after PAGln‐enhanced MI. These results suggest that PAGln might be a potential therapeutic target for extending the cardiac remodeling window in MI patients that signals via β1‐AR.
Defining characteristics and long‐term prognosis of drug‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chung Yooyun , Morrison Maura , Zen Yoh , Heneghan Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis (DI‐AILH) is poorly defined and more data are required to better characterise and manage this disease entity.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, histology and long‐term outcomes of DI‐AILH compared with idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study reviewed 28 DI‐AILH and 39 AIH patients in a single centre. The new (2022) and simplified (2008) AIH histology criteria were used to assess DI‐AILH.ResultsDI‐AILH were more likely to present with jaundice (p = 0.004) and higher bilirubin levels (p = 0.04) than AIH. AIH patients had higher rate of immunosuppression (IS) use including second‐ and third‐line agents, though the time to reach biochemical remission were comparable. AIH patients had more advanced fibrosis than DI‐AILH (Ishak fibrosis score 3.5 vs. 1.9, p < 0.0001). DI‐AILH more commonly had eosinophilic aggregates (18% vs. 3%, p = 0.031) and less commonly showed plasma cell aggregates (61% vs. 97%, p < 0.001) than AIH. The simplified AIH histology criteria identified 1 atypical histology within the DI‐AILH cohort, although this patient required long‐term IS. The new AIH histology criteria classified 23 (82%) as likely AIH and 5 (18%) as possible AIH. Two of the possible DI‐AILH did not require IS and one patient had successful IS withdrawal. Four DI‐AILH patients with fibrosis stage ≤3 had successful IS withdrawal compared with none in the AIH group. Four patients underwent liver transplantation (LT) in both cohorts with significantly shorter time to LT in DI‐AILH as the indication was for (sub)acute liver failure. Two DI‐AILH patients died within 60 days of LT.ConclusionThe new AIH histology criteria may be better at identifying DI‐AILH. Immunosuppression withdrawal in those without significant fibrosis may be considered. DI‐AILH is at risk of (sub)acute liver failure and early discussions with a transplant centre would be desirable.
Recent insights into the world of dual‐function bacterial sRNAs
Authors: Schnoor Sebastian Benjamin , Neubauer Peter , Gimpel Matthias 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDual‐function sRNAs refer to a small subgroup of small regulatory RNAs that merges base‐pairing properties of antisense RNAs with peptide‐encoding properties of mRNA. Both functions can be part of either same or in another metabolic pathway. Here, we want to update the knowledge of to the already known dual‐function sRNAs and review the six new sRNAs found since 2017 regarding their structure, functional mechanisms, evolutionary conservation, and role in the regulation of distinct biological/physiological processes. The increasing identification of dual‐function sRNAs through bioinformatics approaches, RNomics and RNA‐sequencing and the associated increase in regulatory understanding will likely continue to increase at the same rate in the future. This may improve our understanding of the physiology, virulence and resistance of bacteria, as well as enable their use in technical applications.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
How is polyadenylation restricted to 3′‐untranslated regions?
Authors: Struhl Kevin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolyadenylation occurs at numerous sites within 3′‐untranslated regions (3′‐UTRs) but rarely within coding regions. How does Pol II travel through long coding regions without generating poly(A) sites, yet then permits promiscuous polyadenylation once it reaches the 3′‐UTR? The cleavage/polyadenylation (CpA) machinery preferentially associates with 3′‐UTRs, but it is unknown how its recruitment is restricted to 3′‐UTRs during Pol II elongation. Unlike coding regions, 3′‐UTRs have long AT‐rich stretches of DNA that may be important for restricting polyadenylation to 3′‐UTRs. Recognition of the 3′‐UTR could occur at the DNA (AT‐rich), RNA (AU‐rich), or RNA:DNA hybrid (rU:dA‐ and/or rA:dT‐rich) level. Based on the nucleic acid critical for 3′‐UTR recognition, there are three classes of models, not mutually exclusive, for how the CpA machinery is selectively recruited to 3′‐UTRs, thereby restricting where polyadenylation occurs: (1) RNA‐based models suggest that the CpA complex directly (or indirectly through one or more intermediary proteins) binds long AU‐rich stretches that are exposed after Pol II passes through these regions. (2) DNA‐based models suggest that the AT‐rich sequence affects nucleosome depletion or the elongating Pol II machinery, resulting in dissociation of some elongation factors and subsequent recruitment of the CpA machinery. (3) RNA:DNA hybrid models suggest that preferential destabilization of the Pol II elongation complex at rU:dA‐ and/or rA:dT‐rich duplexes bridging the nucleotide addition and RNA exit sites permits preferential association of the CpA machinery with 3′‐UTRs. Experiments to provide evidence for one or more of these models are suggested.
Liberal Economics’ Track Record on Inclusion, Sustainability and Resilience
Authors: Samans Richard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the important historical contribution of liberal economics in accelerating economic growth and reducing poverty, while examining its profound and persistent difficulty in responding effectively to societal demands for greater social inclusion, environmental sustainability and resilience to major shifts and shocks. It traces a growing body of evidence and criticism that modern economics may be constitutionally incapable of addressing these considerations adequately, particularly since its theoretical models generally treat them as afterthoughts, matters assumed to resolve naturally over time on the strength of a rising tide of national income generated by economic growth. It then assesses the state of reform in each of these three respects, concluding that efforts to date have been essentially aspirational, procedural or incremental and thus are destined to fall well short of what would be required to fulfil the corresponding goals humanity's political leaders have set in multilateral agreements, such as the Sustainable Development Goals, Paris climate and Kunming-Montreal biodiversity agreement targets, and objectives of the ILO Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work. Despite the widespread call for replacement of “neoliberalism” and the Washington Consensus, a viable theory of more fundamental and sufficient change has yet to emerge from within the economics community. This will require a deeper critique and reformulation of liberal economic doctrine, starting with a re-examination of its first principles.
Human-Centred National Economic Policy: Institutionalizing Inclusion, Sustainability and Resilience in Domestic Economic Governance
Authors: Samans Richard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter elaborates on many of the domestic policies and institutional features that are most relevant to the task of strengthening an economy’s aggregate distribution function—its underlying ecosystem of legal and other norms, policy incentives and public administrative capacities that strongly influence the extent to which it grows in an inclusive, sustainable and resilient manner. Countries should devote at least as much policy attention and effort to strengthening the distribution function as production function of their economies by investing on an ongoing basis in policy incentives and institutional capacity relating to the five “factors of distribution” of household employment and entrepreneurial opportunity; disposable income; availability and affordability of material necessities; economic security; and environmental security. This is a structural way of improving the social quality as well as quantity of economic growth—that is to say, median household living standards as well as productive output or GDP. Extensive comparative data are presented in each of these policy domains demonstrating that nearly every country has a substantial social “welfare gap”—underperformance on one or more aspects of median household living standards relative to the frontier of outcomes and enabling policy practices in peer countries. Like output gaps, these can be narrowed by examining what works well in peer countries and how it can be adapted to national circumstances through policy innovation and investment.
Einführung in das Verbundvorhaben Easyquart
Authors: Bucher Anke , Görke Uwe-Jens , Grimm Rüdiger , Hastreiter Nele , Kolditz Olaf , Lubashevsky Katrin , Randow Jakob , Richter Simon , Rink Karsten , Schönfelder Stephan , Shao Haibing , Vienken Thomas , Zschoke H. Konstanze 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Jahre 2015 wohnten etwa 75 % der deutschen Bevölkerung in Städten (Statista 2018). Entsprechend dem Ziel des Energiekonzepts der Bundesregierung (Bundesregierung 2018), den Gebäudebestandteil bis 2050 nahezu klimaneutral zu gestalten, spielen städtische Quartiere eine herausragende Rolle bei der Steigerung von Energieeffizienz und somit der Senkung von Schadstoffemissionen. Laut Angaben des Umweltbundesamtes betrug der Anteil von Wärme/Kälte im Jahr 2012 knapp 51 % am Endenergieverbrauch in Deutschland. In privaten Haushalten ist der thermische Anteil mit bis zu 80 % gemessen am Verbrauch von Endenergie noch deutlich größer. Davon stammten 2016 lediglich 13,4 % aus erneuerbaren Quellen (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz 2022), mit einem seit 2012 nahezu stagnierenden Anteil. Diese Zahlen verdeutlichen das große Effizienzpotenzial von Stadtquartieren im Wärmesektor und deren Schlüsselrolle im Prozess der Energiewende.
Analyse von Haustechnikkomponenten
Authors: Satke Paul , Randow Jakob , Jäschke Max , Schönfelder Stephan 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungBis zu diesem Kapitel wurde hauptsächlich das unterirdische Teilsystem von geothermischen Anlagen untersucht. Im Folgenden wechselt der Fokus zu den oberirdischen Verbrauchern, deren thermischer Modellierung und deren Verknüpfung mit dem Untergrundmodell.
Naturally small neutrino mass with asymptotic safety and gravitational-wave signatures
Authors: Chikkaballi Abhishek , Kowalska Kamila , Sessolo Enrico Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We revisit the dynamical generation of an arbitrarily small neutrino Yukawa coupling in the Standard Model with trans-Planckian asymptotic safety and apply the same mechanism to the gauged B − L model. We show that thanks to the presence of additional irrelevant couplings, the described neutrino-mass generation in the B − L model is potentially more in line with existing theoretical calculations in quantum gravity. Interestingly, the model can accommodate, in full naturalness and without extensions, the possibility of purely Dirac, pseudo-Dirac, and Majorana neutrinos with any see-saw scale. We investigate eventual distinctive signatures of these cases in the detection of gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions. We find that, while it is easy to produce a signal observable in new-generation space interferometers, its discriminating features are washed out by the strong dependence of the gravitational-wave spectrum on the relevant parameters of the scalar potential.
Notes on a surface defect in the O(N) model
Authors: Giombi Simone , Liu Bowei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study a surface defect in the free and critical O(N) vector models, defined by adding a quadratic perturbation localized on a two-dimensional subspace of the d-dimensional CFT. We compute the beta function for the corresponding defect renormalization group (RG) flow, and provide evidence that at long distances the system flows to a nontrivial defect conformal field theory (DCFT). We use epsilon and large N expansions to compute several physical quantities in the DCFT, finding agreement across different expansion methods. We also compute the defect free energy, and check consistency with the so-called b-theorem for RG flows on surface defects.
Kinematic power corrections in TMD factorization theorem
Authors: Vladimirov Alexey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work is dedicated to the study of power expansion in the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem. Each genuine term in this expansion gives rise to a series of kinematic power corrections (KPCs). All terms of this series exhibit the same properties as the leading term and share the same nonperturbative content. Among various power corrections, KPCs are especially important since they restore charge conservation and frame invariance, which are violated at a fixed power order. I derive and sum a series of KPCs associated with the leading-power term of the TMD factorization theorem. The resulting expression resembles a hadronic tensor computed with free massless quarks while still satisfying a proven factorization statement. Additionally, I provide an explicit check of this novel form of factorization theorem at the next-to-leading order (NLO) and demonstrate the restoration of the frame-invariant argument of the leading-power coefficient function. Numerical estimations show that incorporating the summed KPCs into the cross-section leads to an almost constant shift, which may help to explain the observed challenges in the TMD phenomenology.
On infinite symmetry algebras in Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Pranzetti Daniele , Raclariu Ana-Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Similar to gravity, an infinite tower of symmetries generated by higher-spin charges has been identified in Yang-Mills theory by studying collinear limits or celestial operator products of gluons. This work aims to recover this loop symmetry in terms of charge aspects constructed on the gluonic Fock space. We propose an explicit construction for these higher spin charge aspects as operators which are polynomial in the gluonic annihilation and creation operators. The core of the paper consists of a proof that the charges we propose form a closed loop algebra to quadratic order. This closure involves using the commutator of the cubic order expansion of the charges with the linear (soft) charge. Quite remarkably, this shows that this infinite-dimensional symmetry constrains the non-linear structure of Yang-Mills theory. We provide a similar all spin proof in gravity for the so-called global quadratic (hard) charges which form the loop wedge subalgebra of w1+∞.
$$ B\to {D}_0^{\ast } $$ and $$ {B}_s\to {D}_{s0}^{\ast } $$ form factors from QCD light-cone sum rules
Authors: Gubernari Nico , Khodjamirian Alexander , Mandal Rusa , Mannel Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We present the first application of QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) with B(s)-meson distribution amplitudes to the $$ {B}_{(s)}\to {D}_{(s)0}^{\ast } $$

B

s

→

D

s

0

∗

form factors, where $$ {D}_{(s)0}^{\ast } $$

D

s

0

∗

is a charmed scalar meson. We consider two scenarios for the $$ {D}_0^{\ast } $$

D
0
∗

spectrum. In the first one, we follow the Particle Data Group and consider a single broad resonance $$ {D}_0^{\ast }(2300) $$

D
0
∗

2300

. In the second one, we assume the existence of two scalar resonances, $$ {D}_0^{\ast }(2105) $$

D
0
∗

2105

and $$ {D}_0^{\ast }(2451) $$

D
0
∗

2451

, as follows from a recent theoretically motivated analysis of B → Dππ decays. The $$ B\to {D}_0^{\ast } $$
B
→

D
0
∗

form factors are calculated in both scenarios, also taking into account the large total width of $$ {D}_0^{\ast }(2300) $$

D
0
∗

2300

. Furthermore, we calculate the $$ {B}_s\to {D}_{s0}^{\ast } $$

B
s

→

D

s
0

∗

form factors, considering in this case only the one-resonance scenario with Ds0(2317). In this LCSRs calculation, the c-quark mass is kept finite and the s-quark mass is taken into account. We also include contributions of the two- and three-particle distribution amplitudes up to twist-four. Our predictions for semileptonic $$ B\to {D}_0^{\ast}\ell {\nu}_{\ell } $$
B
→

D
0
∗

ℓ

ν
ℓ

and $$ {B}_s\to {D}_{s0}^{\ast}\ell {\nu}_{\ell } $$

B
s

→

D

s
0

∗

ℓ

ν
ℓ

branching ratios are compared with the available data and HQET-based predictions. As a byproduct, we also obtain the $$ {D}_0^{\ast } $$

D
0
∗

- and $$ {D}_{s0}^{\ast } $$

D

s
0

∗

-meson decay constants and predict the lepton flavour universality ratios $$ R\left({D}_0^{\ast}\right) $$
R

D
0
∗

and $$ R\left({D}_{s0}^{\ast}\right) $$
R

D

s
0

∗

.