bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Indirect and Additional Direct Costs on the Risk Threshold for Prophylaxis with Colony‐Stimulating Factors in Patients at Risk for Severe Neutropenia from Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Cosler Leon E. , Calhoun Elizabeth A. , Agboola Olayemi , Lyman Gary H. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objectives. Previous studies have used direct hospital costs to determine the threshold at which the cost of prophylactic use of colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) is offset by savings from the lower risk of hospitalization for febrile neutropenia. By conducting a survey of patients in whom febrile neutropenia had developed during treatment with chemotherapy, we sought to reassess these costs by including estimates of indirect costs associated with febrile neutropenia as well as new categories of direct costs that were not previously available. Costs were included in an existing cost‐minimization model, and their effect on the risk threshold at which the prophylactic use of CSF becomes cost saving was determined.Patients. A sample survey of 26 patients with ovarian cancer who were treated with chemotherapy and developed febrile neutropenia.Intervention. Analysis of data from patients' questionnaires containing survey items on indirect costs and additional direct costs associated with febrile neutropenia.Measurements and Main Results. Estimates of indirect costs and other direct costs from the questionnaires were included in an existing cost‐minimization model, and risk thresholds were recalculated. Before modification, the model showed cost neutrality for prophylactic use of CSF when the risk of hospitalization for febrile neutropenia was approximately 23%. Including previously excluded direct costs and indirect costs ranging from $1000–5000 attributable to severe neutropenia in the model lowered the risk threshold for hospitalization for febrile neutropenia at which the prophylactic use of CSF becomes cost neutral to between 22% and 18%.Conclusion. Including additional direct as well as indirect costs associated with chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia permits a more realistic assessment of the possible effect of prophylactic use of CSF from a societal perspective. Despite the limited size of the survey, this study shows a cost‐benefit rationale to support prophylactic use of CSF in a greater proportion of patients treated with chemotherapy.
Increasing active student participation in histology
Authors: Black Virginia H. , Smith P.R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAs have many institutions, the New York University School of Medicine (NYUSM) has instituted curriculum revisions that allow for increased independent study but impose significant time constraints on laboratory courses. Challenged by decreased laboratory time, we sought creative solutions for our histology course, “Cell Biology of Tissues and Organs,” using computer‐ and Web‐based materials. While these solutions have facilitated independent study, they have not fostered the subtler lessons learned in the laboratory, such as communication skills and team approaches to learning. To retain these elements and enrich our course, we focused on increasing student participation in the laboratory through unit reviews presented by students, student‐generated comprehensive reviews, and practice exams. The active engagement of students in the learning process has resulted in a more exciting laboratory experience for all. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 278B:14–17, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Traditional teaching supported by computer‐assisted learning for macroscopic anatomy
Authors: Elizondo‐Omaña Rodrigo E. , Morales‐Gómez Jesús Alberto , Guzmán Santos López , Hernández Iván León , Ibarra Ricardo Patiño , Vilchez Félix Cavazos 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOver the years we have observed that there is a very low passing rate for the Anatomy and Neuroanatomy courses in our department, and for that reason we decided to implement the use of student‐learning resources. The objective of this study was to compare the results of traditional methodology with those obtained with the support of computer‐assisted learning (CAL). We performed a retrospective and joint study for Anatomy and Neuroanatomy groups during the period of September 2001 to February 2003, to establish a comparison between traditional learning and traditional learning supported by CAL. In the Anatomy group, students who used the traditional method (n1 = 365) received an average final grade of 58 (SD = 14.94), while the average final grade for students who used the traditional method supported by CAL (n2 = 283) was 68 (SD = 14.56). In the Neuroanatomy group, the students who used the traditional method (n3 = 217) had an average final grade of 61 (SD = 14.51), while the students who used the traditional method supported by CAL (n4 = 134) received an average final grade of 68 (SD = 13.52). A z‐test was conducted to determine the difference in averages between the two groups (α = 0.05), and the results showed that the averages were significantly different (P < .001). The modified traditional method with CAL support was shown to be the best option in comparison with the traditional method. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 278B:18–22, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teil 2: Trittschalldämmung — Flankentrittschallpegel und Trittschallminderung
Authors: Sälzer Elmar , Maack Jürgen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIm Teil 1 [1] der insgesamt dreiteiligen Darstellung des Schallschutzes von Hohlraumböden wurde über die geschichtliche Entwicklung der seit Anfang der 1980er Jahre auf den Markt gekommenen Hohlraumböden, die wesentlichen Konstruktionsprinzipien solcher Böden und über die Schallängsdämmung, dargestellt durch die bewertete Norm‐Flankenpegeldifferenz, berichtet. Im vorliegenden zweiten Teil werden die beiden Aspekte der Trittschalldämmung, und zwar des Flankentrittschallpegels — der früher auch als horizontale Trittschalldämmung bezeichnet wurde — und der Trittschallminderung (früher Trittschallverbesserung) dargestellt. Der nachfolgenden Darstellung der beiden Parameter der Trittschalldämmung liegen ca. 150 Messungen im schalltechnischen Labor zu Grunde, die zum großen Teil noch nach DIN 52 210 [3], in jüngerer Zeit selbstverständlich nach DIN EN ISO 140‐12 [4] durchgeführt wurden.
Fensteröffnung in Passivhäusern
Authors: Großklos Marc , Knissel Jens , Loga Tobias 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDer Einfluß der Nutzer auf den Heizenergieverbrauch von Gebäuden wird oft kontrovers diskutiert. Besonders die Fensteröffnung steht dabei im Blickpunkt. Es liegen jedoch selten konkrete Daten über das Nutzerverhalten vor und die tatsächlichen Auswirkungen von offenen Fenstern auf den Heizwärmeverbrauch sind kaum bekannt. Im folgenden Aufsatz wird auf Basis von Meßwerten die Dauer der zusätzlichen Fensteröffnung in Passivhäusern, typische Verhaltensmuster, Einflußfaktoren sowie exemplarisch die Auswirkungen auf den Heizenergieverbrauch untersucht. Weiterhin wird die Fensteröffnung im Sommer betrachtet. Als Datengrundlage wurden Messdaten der Passivhaussiedlung in Wiesbaden‐Dotzheim [1], [2] aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002 herangezogen.
Verbunddecken aus Stahlfaserbeton und Holz
Authors: Holschemacher Klaus , Klotz Sven , Köhler Sven 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDie Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbauweise ist eine seit vielen Jahren bekannte und bewährte Möglichkeit für die Sanierung und Verstärkung von Holzbalkendecken. Die Tragfähigkeit wird erhöht, Durchbiegungen und Schwingungsanfälligkeit verringert und bauphysikalische Eigenschaften verbessert. Die Betonplatte wird i. d. R. bewehrt ausgeführt, was in Verbindung mit der erforderlichen Betondeckung zu relativ großen Plattendicken und zu Nachteilen bei der Bauausführung führt. Um dies zu vermeiden, ist es sinnvoll, die konventionelle Betonstahlbewehrung durch Stahlfasern zu ersetzen.Es wird über zwei Bauvorhaben sowie die zugehörigen experimentellen Voruntersuchungen berichtet, bei denen Stahlfaserbeton im Rahmen der Verstärkung von Holzbalkendecken zur Anwendung kam.
Lainzer Tunnel — Umsetzung einer wasserundurchlässigen Innenschale
Authors: Wagner Oliver K. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWährend der Ausführungsphase des Bauloses LT 22 des Lainzer Tunnels in Wien wurden die für den Tunnelbau im Lockergestein wichtigsten Normen und Regelwerke überarbeitet. Im folgenden wird auf einige wesentliche Punkte bezüglich Planung und Ausführung eingegangen, die sich aus dem Umfeld Vortrieb und Innenschale unter den Randbedingungen der Sicherheit des Vortriebs, der Wasserundurchlässigkeit und des Brandschutzes der Innenschale sowie aus der Normenentwicklung und dem Bauablauf ergaben. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Thematik des Innenschalenbetons eingegangen.
Einfluß der Faserorientierung auf die Beanspruchbarkeit von Bauteilen aus Stahlfaserbeton
Authors: Rosenbusch Joachim 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDie Bereitstellung von technischen Regelwerken soll zu einer sicheren Anwendung und Verbreitung des Stahlfaserbetons führen. Die ungleichmäßige Faserverteilung und ‐orientierung wurde dabei bislang nicht berücksichtigt. Die Relevanz dazu schien aufgrund der Anwendungsgebiete des Stahlfaserbetons nicht gegeben. Dies ist mit dem Vordringen des Stahlfaserbetons in den konstruktiven Bereich anders geworden. Die erheblichen Auswirkungen des Herstellungsprozesses und der Bauteilgeometrie auf die Faserorientierung und ‐verteilung werden dargestellt und ein Vorschlag für die Berücksichtigung in der Bemessung gegeben.
Besonderheiten bei Entwurf und Bemessung integraler Betonbrücken
Authors: Berger Dieter , Graubner Carl‐Alexander , Pelke Eberhard , Zink Martin 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn der Praxis kommen vermehrt integrale Straßenbrücken zur Ausführung, bei denen auf Lager und Übergangskonstruktionen gänzlich verzichtet wird. Die zyklisch auftretenden Verformungen der Tragwerksenden infolge Temperatureinwirkung beanspruchen bei integralen Tragwerken die Hinterfüllung und die Gründung der Widerlager. Die so entstehende Wechselwirkung zwischen Bauwerk, Baugrund und Hinterfüllung muß bei der Bemessung und konstruktiven Durchbildung des Übergangs vom Bauwerk auf die Hinterfüllung berücksichtigt werden.
Star‐Shaped Nanomolecules Based on p‐Phenylene Sulfide Asterisks with a Persulfurated Coronene Core
Authors: Gingras Marc , Pinchart Alain , Dallaire Carol , Mallah Talal , Levillain Eric 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPersulfurated p‐phenylene sulfide (PPS) molecular asterisks (6–9) from “generations” 1 to 4 were efficiently prepared. They represent a new class of electron‐accepting PPS star‐shaped nanomolecules. Spectroelectrochemistry, cyclic voltammetry and UV‐visible studies were performed for the asterisks and for functionalized p‐phenylene sulfide oligomers (1–4). These data confirmed for the first time that an electronic delocalization through the whole asterisk molecule exists in the radical anionic or dianionic forms, in spite of divalent sulfur bridges between phenyl groups. They could be seen as globular spheres with a three‐dimensional electronic network and delocalization. Electrochemical studies indicated that sulfur substituents strongly stabilize the reduced form of the asterisk relative to coronene itself, and the ease of reduction depends on the PPS chain length.
Global existence and scattering for rough solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation on ℝ3
Authors: Colliander J. , Keel M. , Staffilani G. , Takaoka H. , Tao T. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe prove global existence and scattering for the defocusing, cubic, nonlinear Schrödinger equation in $H^{\scriptscriptstyle S}$ (ℝ3) for s > ${4 \over 5}$. The main new estimate in the argument is a Morawetz‐type inequality for the solution ϕ. This estimate bounds

whereas the well‐known Morawetz‐type estimate of Lin‐Strauss controls

© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Positive feedback regulation of PLCγ1/Ca2+ signaling by PKCθ in restimulated T cells via a Tec kinase‐dependent pathway
Authors: Altman Amnon , Kaminski Sandra , Busuttil Valere , Droin Nathalie , Hu Junru , Tadevosyan Yuri , Hipskind Robert A. , Villalba Martin 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPKCθ plays an essential role in activation of mature T cells. Here, we report that the TCR/CD28‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PLCγ1 was significantly impaired in PKCθ –/– primary, restimulated T cells. Consistent with this finding, receptor‐induced Ca2+ mobilization, NF‐AT DNA‐binding activity and the membrane translocation of PKCα, a PLCγ1‐dependent conventional PKC, were also markedly reduced in the same cells. Moreover, a dominant‐negative PLCγ1 mutant blocked the PKCθ‐induced activation of an AP‐1 reporter gene in Jurkat and primary cells. Regulation of PLCγ1 signaling by PKCθ required the tyrosine kinase Tec since a dominant‐negative Tec mutant blocked PKCθ‐induced AP‐1 (but not NF‐κB) activation. In addition, wild‐type Tec, but not Itk or Rlk, potently activated AP‐1. Furthermore, Tec was found to constitutively associate with PKCθ, an interaction that like AP‐1 activation required the pleckstrin‐homology domain of Tec. These findings define a novel PKCθ‐initiated pathway that regulates Ca2+ signaling and AP‐1 activation via Tec and PLCγ1. Moreover, they identify Tec as a key point downstream of PKCθ, where TCR‐ and PKCθ‐induced signaling pathways, leading to AP‐1 versus NF‐κB activation, diverge in T cells.
Enhanced contact hypersensitivity and antiviral immune responses in vivo by keratinocyte‐targeted overexpression of IL‐15
Authors: Loser Karin , Mehling Annette , Apelt Jenny , Ständer Sonja , Andres Pietro G. , Reinecker Hans‐Christian , Eing Bodo R. , Skryabin Boris V. , Varga Georg , Schwarz Thomas , Beissert Stefan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIL‐15 is involved in lymphocyte homeostasis. To investigate the role of IL‐15 in the skin in vivo, mice were generated that overexpress IL‐15 in keratinocytes, resulting in increased IL‐15 protein levels in the skin but not elevated IL‐15 serum concentrations. Keratin 14 (K14)‐IL‐15 transgenic (tg) mice showed increased contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses. Transfer of primed wild‐type (wt) and tg T cells into naive wt or tg recipients indicated that skin‐derived IL‐15 enhanced the induction but not the elicitation phase of CHS. Tg mice could be sensitized even by suboptimal hapten concentrations. Accordingly, Langerhans cells (LC) from tg skin were identified as potent allostimulators, suggesting the involvement of IL‐15‐stimulated LC in the induction of adaptive immunity. Overexpression of IL‐15 also strengthened innate immunity since tg mice infected with human HSV type I developed significantly smaller HSV skin lesions. In addition, tg mice resisted re‐infection with HSV more effectively than wt mice did, which was associated with an elevated anti‐HSV Ab production. Accordingly, injection of serum from re‐infected tg mice protected naive recipients significantly from epicutaneous HSV infection, indicating that anti‐HSV Ab produced by tg mice play an important role in resistance in vivo. Together, our results show that overexpression of IL‐15 in the epidermis enhances both innate and adaptive cutaneous immunity.
A Novel 3‐D Self‐Penetrating Topological Network Assembled by Mixed Bridging Ligands
Authors: Li Xing , Cao Rong , Sun Daofeng , Bi Wenhua , Yuan Daqiang 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe assembly of 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid (H3sipa) and 4,4′‐bipyridine (bpy) with Cd2+ ions gave rise to a new polymeric complex {[Cd3(sipa)2(bpy)4(H2O)2]·3H2O}n (1). X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 has a 3‐D self‐penetrating network formed by the interlocking and interweaving of two types of one‐dimensional chains comprising two kinds of Cd4(sipa)4 and Cd4(bpy)4 units, respectively. The sipa3− ligand serves as the connector and the Cd2+ ion as the node. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the luminescence property of 1 are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
1,3,5‐Triazapentanediene, A Novel Tridentate Ligand that Bridges Two Metal Ions in a κ1N:κ2N Bridging Mode with C2 Symmetry
Authors: Kajiwara Takashi , Ito Tasuku 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe new mononuclear complexes [Ni(Htap)2](ClO4)2 (1) and [Ni(tap)(Htap)]ClO4 (2) were synthesized by the reaction of nickel(II) perchlorate and 1,3,5‐triazine (Htap = 1,3,5‐triazapentanediene). In 1 and 2, neutral Htap and a monoanionic tap− coordinate in a square‐planar mode to the nickel(II) ions (low‐spin state) in a bidentate, chelating fashion. Using the central N of tap− of 2 as a donor atom, multinuclear complexes [{Cu(tren)}2{Ni(tap)2}](ClO4)4 (3) and [Ni(Htap)2]2[Ni{Ni(tap)(Htap)}2(NCS)4][Ni{Ni(tap)(Htap)}(NCS)5]2 (4) were synthesized. In both complexes, tap− binds two metal ions in a κ1N:κ2N bridging mode, with C2 symmetry along the Ni−Cu axis for 3 and Ni−Ni axis for 4. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Characterization of the First Examples of Dicationic Dihydrogen Complexes of Iron and Ruthenium with the PF3 Ligand
Authors: Nanishankar H. V. , Nethaji Munirathinam , Jagirdar Balaji R. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNew dicationic dihydrogen complexes of the type trans‐[M(η2‐H2)(PF3)(diphosphane)2]2+ [M = Ru, diphosphane = dppm (Ph2PCH2PPh2); M = Fe, Ru, diphosphane = dppe (Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)] have been prepared from the precursor hydrides trans‐[M(H)(PF3)(diphosphane)2]+ upon reaction with HOTf. In the case of dppm, in addition to the trans‐dihydrogen complex cis‐[Ru(η2‐H2)(PF3)(dppm)2]2+ was also obtained in the protonation reaction. The intact nature of the H−H bond in these derivatives has been established using the spin−lattice relaxation time measurements (short T1 values) and the large JH,D coupling constant of the H−D isotopomers. The H−H bond lengths and the stabilities of the dihydrogen complexes are discussed in terms of the π‐acidity of the PF3 ligand and compared with other systems possessing trans CO and CNH ligands. The trans‐[Ru(η2‐H2)(PF3)(dppe)2]2+ complex was found to be remarkably stable with respect to the loss of bound H2 for a period of about 16 h. The H−D isotopomer of this complex exhibits small temperature variations in the JH,D coupling constant. The X‐ray crystal structure of trans‐[Ru(H)(PF3)(dppm)2][BF4] has been determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Optically Active Phospholanes as Substituents on Ferrocene and Chromium‐Arene Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 11/2004)
Authors: Braun Wolfgang , Calmuschi Beatrice , Haberland Jürgen , Hummel Werner , Liese Andreas , Nickel Thomas , Stelzer Othmar , Salzer Albrecht 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the successful cooperation between biotechnology, main‐group chemistry and organometallic chemistry to generate a highly enantioselective diphosphane ligand for homogeneous catalysis. The details are described in the article by W. Braun, A. Salzer et al. on p. 2235 ff. The work was sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Centre (SFB 380) “Asymmetric Syntheses with Chemical and Biological Methods”. The authors are indebted to Mr. M. Stauten, Cologne, for his help concerning the artwork of the cover picture.
Performance evaluation of diversity gain and coding gain in coded orthogonal multi‐carrier modulation systems
Authors: Fujii Masahiro , Itami Makoto , Itoh Kohji 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a performance evaluation of diversity and coding gains in coded orthogonal multi‐carrier (MC) modulation systems. Assuming maximum likelihood decoding, we analyze contribution of channel encoding to pairwise error rate (PER) in terms of the Hamming distance between codewords for coded‐OFDM systems and coded‐OFDM–code division multiplexing (CDM) systems. Moreover, the average bit error rate is upper‐bounded using the pairwise error rate and is compared with the results obtained by computer simulations. Copyright © 2004 AEI
Adaptive coding in MC‐CDMA/FDMA systems with adaptive sub‐band allocation
Authors: Trifonov Peter , Costa Elena , Filippi Alessio , Schulz Egon 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe MC‐CDMA/FDMA scheme is a candidate for the air‐interface of beyond 3G mobile communications. An efficient adaptive sub‐band allocation (ASBA) approach has been recently shown to provide a considerable gain in the uncoded system performance. In this paper, adaptive coding is proposed for application in conjunction with ASBA. This is proved to yield a significant performance improvement, especially if a user‐service prioritisation is considered in the ASBA. Copyright © 2004 AEI
Iterative channel estimation approach for space‐time/frequency coded OFDM systems with transmitter diversity
Authors: Çırpan Hakan A. , Panayırcı Erdal , Doğan Hakan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFocusing on transmit diversity orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission through frequency selective channels, this paper pursues novel iterative channel estimation approaches for both space‐frequency OFDM (SF‐OFDM) and space‐time OFDM (ST‐OFDM) systems. Relying on the unifying signal model for SF‐OFDM and ST‐OFDM transmitter diversity systems, we develop computationally efficient, maximum a posteriori (MAP) channel estimation algorithms according to the MAP criterion. The algorithms require a convenient representation of the discrete multipath fading channel based on the Karhunen–Loeve (KL) orthogonal expansion and estimates the complex channel parameters of each subcarriers iteratively using the expectation‐maximisation (EM) method. In order to explore the performance, the closed‐form expression for the average symbol error rate (SER) probability is derived for the maximum ratio combiner (MRC). Furthermore, to benchmark performance of the MAP channel estimator, the modified Cramer‐Rao bound of channel estimates is also derived. Finally, we provide simulation results studying the influence of delay spread, propagation parameters and modelling mismatch on the performance of channel estimation techniques. Simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis and illustrate that the proposed algorithms are capable of tracking fast fading and improving overall performance. Copyright © 2004 AEI
Channel estimation and tracking for MC‐CDMA signals
Authors: Sanguinetti Luca , Morelli Michele , Mengali Umberto 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of channel estimation errors in the uplink and downlink of a multicarrier code‐division multiple‐access (MC‐CDMA) system. Pilot blocks are periodically inserted into the downlink data stream to perform a least‐squares channel estimation. It is shown that a single‐user minimum‐mean‐square‐error (MMSE) detector endowed with the proposed channel estimator is robust to estimation errors even under full‐loaded conditions. In the uplink scenario channel estimates are computed through a least‐mean‐square algorithm and are passed to a linear multi‐user MMSE detector or a parallel interference cancellation (PIC) receiver. Simulations indicate that in this case the system performance depends heavily on the quality of the channel estimates, meaning that they are particularly critical. Copyright © 2004 AEI
STBC MC‐CDMA systems: comparison of MMSE single‐user and multiple‐user detection schemes over Rayleigh and MIMO METRA channels
Authors: Auffray Jean‐Michel , Baudais Jean‐Yves , Hélard Jean‐François 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe performance of MMSE single‐user detection (SD) and multi‐user detection (MD) STBC multi‐carrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) systems are analysed and compared in the case of two transmit antennas and one or two receive antennas over Rayleigh fading channels and then over the stochastic multiple input multiple output (MIMO) METRA channel model. With two transmit and one receive antennas, MD achieves a gain of roughly 1 dB for non‐full load systems while the same performance is obtained with MD and SD for full load systems. Besides, with two receive antennas, we present a sub‐optimal and an optimal MMSE SD MIMO MC‐CDMA schemes, this last one offering a very good performance. Finally, the very good behaviour of MMSE space‐time block coding (STBC) MC‐CDMA systems is confirmed over the realistic multi element transmit receive antennas (METRA) MIMO channel. Copyright © 2004 AEI