bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental coping with the diagnosis of childhood cancer: gender effects, dissimilarity within couples, and quality of life
Authors: Goldbeck Lutz 
Published: September 2002

AbstractObjective: Considering coping as dynamic process within the family, effects of gender and diagnosis are investigated. Dissimilarity within couples in coping with childhood cancer is studied longitudinally in its effects on quality of life of mothers, fathers, and the sick children.Methods: A total of 108 parents out of 54 complete families participated in a prospective study. Twenty‐five families had a child newly diagnosed with cancer, 29 families had a child newly diagnosed with juvenile diabetes or epilepsy. The Coping Health Inventory for Parents, the Trier Coping Scales, and the Ulm Quality‐of‐Life Inventory for Parents were employed 1–2 weeks after diagnosis and again 10–12 weeks after diagnosis.Results: In face of childhood cancer, parents develop more rumination, defense, and information seeking, and less social support seeking strategies compared to the control group. Mothers report more frequent and more effective coping compared with fathers, but mothers and fathers do not differ in their self‐reported quality of life. No convergence within couples could be demonstrated in most of the corresponding coping styles. The strongest correlation between mothers and fathers appeared in the religious coping style (r=0.60, p<0.001). Coping dissimilarity within couples in social support seeking and religion is correlated with an improvement of parental quality of life. Parental dissimilarity in information seeking is correlated with a decrease in the child's quality of life.Conclusion: Coping dissimilarities between fathers and mothers have differential effects on the family members. For this reason, psychosocial interventions should support dis‐synchrony when it appears adaptive, and they should help parents to overcome those differences that negatively affect their child. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased serum insulin associated with increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Diamond Edward J. , Stagger Sharodka , Stone Nelson N. , Stock Richard G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, we assessed the relationship of serum insulin levels and risk of recurrence in men with localized prostate cancer because of the relationship of insulin to the development of prostate cancer, and because insulin is a growth factor.METHODSParticipants in our study were found through urology and radiation oncology clinics, and all eligible patients were asked to take part. All patients were asymptomatic and had been initially diagnosed on the basis of rising PSA or abnormal physical examination. Histological confirmation of diagnosis was obtained for all subjects. Serum insulin levels were determined by chemoluminescent assay with a standard, commercially available instrument (Immulite Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, CA). Patients were divided into three risk groups: Low risk: serum PSA ≤ 10, stage ≤ T2a, or Gleason grade ≤ 6; Medium risk: serum PSA 10–15, Gleason 7 or stage ≤ T2b; High risk: Gleason > 7, tumor in seminal vesicle biopsy, serum PSA > 15 or stage T2c or T3.RESULTSMen, 112 in number, with prostate cancer were studied. There was a significant increase in serum insulin with risk group (P = 0.002, one‐way ANOVA). Tukey's multiple range test showed that the insulin levels of high risk patients were significantly higher than the insulin levels of medium and low risk patients (P = 0.05) but the insulin levels of medium and low risk patients were not significantly different from one another.CONCLUSIONSUrologists are actively seeking additional biomarkers of prostate cancer aggressiveness. Many prostate cancers are quite indolent and may never cause a problem, but it is now impossible to identify such tumors with certainty. Further studies of serum insulin levels in prostate cancer as a biomarker might, therefore, be worthwhile. With more and better biomarkers, many older men might be spared the rigors of radiation therapy and/or surgery, and their complications. Also, new prostate cancer therapies might be directed toward inhibiting the mitogenic effects of insulin. Prostate 50: 1–3, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of estrogens‐induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ in PC3 human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Huang Jong‐Khing , Jan Chung‐Ren 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of estrogens (diethylstilbestrol [DES], 17β‐estradiol) on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in hormone‐insensitive PC3 human prostate cancer cells was examined.METHODS[Ca2+]i changes in suspended cells were measured by using the Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescent dye fura‐2.RESULTSEstrogens (1–20 μM) increased [Ca2+]i concentration‐dependently with DES being more potent. Ca2+ removal inhibited 50 ± 10% of the signal. In Ca2+‐free medium, pretreatment with 20 μM estrogens abolished the [Ca2+]i increases induced by 2 μM carbonylcyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler) and 1 μM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor), but pretreatment with CCCP and thapsigargin did not alter DES‐induced Ca2+ release and partly inhibited 17β‐estradiol‐induced Ca2+ release. Addition of 3 mM Ca2+ increased [Ca2+]i in cells pretreated with 1– 20 μM estrogens in Ca2+‐free medium. Pretreatment with 1 μM U73122 to block phospholipase C‐coupled inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate formation did not alter estrogens‐induced Ca2+ release. The effect of 20 μM estrogen on [Ca2+]i was not affected by pretreatment with 0.1 μM estrogens.CONCLUSIONSEstrogen induced significant Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx in an inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐independent manner in PC3 cells. These effects of estrogens on Ca2+ signaling appear to be nongenomic. Prostate 47:141–148, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mxi1, a Myc antagonist, suppresses proliferation of DU145 human prostate cells
Authors: Taj Mary M. , Tawil Rana J. , Engstrom Lars D. , Zeng Zhi , Hwang Clara , Sanda Martin G. , Wechsler Daniel S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMxi1, an antagonist of c‐Myc, maps to human chromosome 10q24‐q25, a region altered in a substantial fraction of prostate tumors. Mice deficient for Mxi1 exhibit significant prostate hyperplasia. We studied the ability of Mxi1 to act as a growth suppressor in prostate tumor cells.METHODSWe infected DU145 prostate carcinoma cells with an Mxi1‐expressing adenovirus (AdMxi1) in vitro, and measured Mxi1 expression, cell proliferation, soft agar colony formation, and cell cycle distribution. To explore mechanisms of Mxi1‐induced growth arrest, we performed gene expression analysis.RESULTSAdMxi1 infection resulted in reduced cell proliferation, reduced soft agar colony formation, and a higher proportion of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. This G2/M growth arrest was associated with elevated levels of cyclin B, and reduced levels of c‐MYC and MDM2.CONCLUSIONSThe ability of AdMxi1 to suppress prostate tumor cell proliferation supports a role for Mxi1 loss in the pathogenesis of a subset of human prostate cancers. Prostate 47:194–204, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a water‐soluble preparation of emamectin benzoate and its preventative effect against the wilting of pot‐grown pine trees inoculated with the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Takai Kazuya , Soejima Tomoyuki , Suzuki Toshio , Kawazu Kazuyoshi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWater‐soluble preparations have been investigated to develop a trunk injection agent based on the poorly water‐soluble anti‐nematode emamectin benzoate. Following tests on the phytotoxicity of some solvents and solubilizers and demonstration of the ability of some solubilizers to dissolve emamectin benzoate in water, acetone + methanol was selected as the solvent and Polysorbate 80 as the solubilizer. This water‐soluble preparation of emamectin benzoate prevented the wilting of pot‐grown 4‐year‐old trees of the Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii, artificially inoculated with the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, at a dose of 20 g emamectin benzoate per cubic metre of pine tree.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Incidence and inheritance of resistance to METI‐acaricides in European strains of the two‐spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Devine Gregor J , Barber Mat , Denholm Ian 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA strain of Tetranychus urticae (Koch; Acari: Tetranychidae), collected from hops (Humulus humuli L; Cannabaceae) in England with a short history of tebufenpyrad use, exhibited resistance to four METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor)‐acaricides; tebufenpyrad, pyridaben, fenazaquin and fenpyroximate. Resistance factors for these compounds in a micro‐immersion assay were 46, 346, 168 and 77 respectively, and corresponded to those exhibited by a Japanese METI‐acaricide‐resistant reference strain. Levels of resistance remained stable without further selection, and selection with tebufenpyrad did not increase them. The UK strain was also resistant (c 6‐fold) to bifenthrin. Crosses of homozygous, diploid females with hemizygous, haploid males showed that, in the UK strain, METI‐acaricide resistance was paternally and maternally inherited, and was an incompletely dominant trait. Another tebufenpyrad‐resistant strain from the UK, originating from a chrysanthemum nursery (Chrysanthemum foeniculaceum Giseke; Asteraceae) was collected eight months later at a site c 210 km distant from the first. These are the first published incidences of METI‐acaricide resistance in Europe and implications for the future use of these compounds are discussed.© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Reliability methods in earthquake engineering
Authors: Pinto Paolo Emilio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMethods for seismic reliability assessment are selectively reviewed, on the basis of their capability of providing, in their present form or in their foreseable state of development, a realistic measure of the total risk. Realism starts with description of the seismic input, which must be related to the main parameters of earthquake generation and wave propagation. It then involves structural models, which must be sufficiently accurate to incorporate physical measures of structural performance, to describe the actual sources of uncertainty, and to detect all important modes of failure. Finally, realism implies a degree of complexity of the method and computation which are acceptable to advanced engineering practice. As regards the input, it is argued that properly selected recorded accelerograms (and, in the future, possibly, synthetic accelerograms) satisfy the requirement of realism to a much higher degree than random processes and samples. The consequence of the use of accelerograms is that, whatever risk evaluation method is adopted, simulation is always necessary, in order to take account of sample‐to‐sample variability. Three main categories of method are distinguished: simulation‐based, FORM‐based (First Order Reliability Methods), and response‐surface‐based, although the boundaries between the three are often blurred. A number of different proposals for implementation exist in the literature within each category. A subjective selection has been made of two or three of these proposals for each category, as a means of describing the general approach in more detail and for discussing their essential limitations. The opinion is offered that the subject area of seismic risk assessment still presents great opportunities for development, both of a fundamental and an applied nature. It is encouraging to note that large efforts are being made internationally on both aspects, and that the profession is showing increasing consciousness of the importance of the approach and a willingness to introduce it into common engineering practice.
Multilayered antimicrobial polyethylene films applied to the packaging of ground beef
Authors: Ha Jung‐Uk , Kim Young‐Min , Lee Dong‐Sun 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA natural antimicrobial agent, grapefruit seed extract (GFSE), was incorporated in a 0.5% or 1.0% concentration on the food‐contact surface of multilayered polyethylene (PE) film by a co‐extrusion or solution‐coating process. The fabricated films were tested in their antimicrobial activity against several food spoilage microorganisms, and then applied to the packaging of ground beef. During the storage of the packaged beef at 3°C, changes in microbial counts, pH, TBA value and meat colour were monitored in order to see the effect of the packaging film on meat quality changes. Coating the PE film with GFSE with the aid of a polyamide binder resulted in a more effective level of antimicrobial activity on the agar plate medium than did its incorporation by a co‐extrusion process. The film co‐extruded with a 1.0% GFSE layer showed antimicrobial activity only against Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240, while the film coated with 1.0% GFSE showed activity against several microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli IFO 3301, Staphylococcus aureus IFO 3060 and Bacillus subtilis IFO 12113. Both types of GFSE‐incorporated multilayer PE films contributed to a reduction of the growth rates of aerobic and coliform bacteria on the ground beef, when compared to plain PE film. The film coated with a higher concentration (1.0%) of GFSE had a more pronounced effect than did the other films in inhibiting spoilage bacterial growth. They could also slow down chemical changes of the packaged beef. The GFSE‐coated film was more effective in preserving beef quality, but the level of GFSE addition did not affect the quality changes of the beef. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study on quantum dynamics of bose system interacting with photon field
Authors: Nagao Hidemi , Nakano Masayoshi , Nishikawa Kiyoshi , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe investigate the quantum dynamics of two‐boson and two‐level systems interacting with a one‐mode photon field. The time evolution of the population for each state is calculated in terms of the Jaynes–Cummings model. We find the collapses and revivals of the order parameter for the Bose–Einstein condensation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 84: 401–408, 2001
QM/MM distortion energies in di‐ and oligosaccharides complexed with proteins*
Authors: French Alfred D. , Johnson Glenn P. , Kelterer Anne‐Marie , Dowd Michael K. , Cramer Christopher J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo investigate whether linkages between monosaccharide residues are unusually distorted by their interactions with proteins, ϕ and ψ values for fragments of cellulose and starch were taken from the Protein Data Bank. These experimental conformations were then plotted on energy surfaces that were calculated with a hybrid of HF/6‐31G* and MM3(96) energies. Energy values corresponding to each crystallographic conformation were then pooled. Nearly 70% of the 210 structures had energies of 1 kcal mol−1 or less. A cumulative frequency analysis showed that most points fell on a curve that had an exponential decrease in the number of observed structures as the energy increased. This is analogous to a Boltzmann distribution but at higher temperature. This analysis showed that more than 90% of the linkages were not unusually distorted, and the distribution was similar to that found for small‐molecule crystals of carbohydrates. However, above 2 kcal mol−1, the observed points deviated from the curve. Most of these high‐energy observations were from linkages being broken by enzymatic attack, but others were not, and some scissile linkages were not unusually distorted. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 84: 416–425, 2001*
Reactive scattering within a time‐dependent discrete variable representation
Authors: Billing G. D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe have formulated a theory in which the quantum corrections to classical mechanics are easy to introduce. The method is based upon a time‐dependent discrete variable representation (DVR) of the wavefunction with grid points defined by the Hermite part of a basis set, the so‐called Gauss–Hermite basis set. The formulation introduces a set of grid points which follow the classical trajectory in space. With enough trajectories (DVR points), the method approaches the exact quantum formulation. With just a single grid point in a given degree of freedom, we have a classical mechanical description. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem, 2001
Quantum‐phase and information‐entropy dynamics of dimers interacting with a single‐mode coherent field: The difference between one‐ and two‐exciton models
Authors: Nakano M. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe develop a numerically exact approach to the quantum‐phase and information‐entropy dynamics of a molecular aggregate interacting with quantized fields. It is well known that a peculiar quantum nature, i.e., collapses and revivals, is observed in monomer and noninteracting aggregate models. In this article, we investigate the intermolecular interaction effects on the collapse‐revival behavior using several dimer models (composed of two‐state monomers with different intermolecular distances) interacting with a single‐mode coherent photon field. The intermolecular interaction is taken into account by using the dipole‐dipole interaction. Also, one‐ and two‐exciton dimer models are considered in order to elucidate the exciton contributions to collapse‐revival behavior. This quantum behavior is analyzed from the viewpoint of the dynamics of Pegg–Barnett photon‐phase and information‐entropy of dimers, which closely relate to the time evolution of quantum coherency between the ground and the excited dimer states and the degree of the entanglement between dimer and photon, respectively. It is found that the intermolecular interaction and the two‐exciton generation provide remarkable changes in the collapse‐revival behavior through their significant influence on the quantum‐phase dynamics and the photon‐dimer entanglement. From the dimer entropy dynamics, intermediate intermolecular interaction is found to cause the momentary decrease in the photon‐dimer correlation in the early time region. This feature leads to the enhancement of off‐diagonal density (quantum coherency) between two dimers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
A new approach to data reduction and evaluation in high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using a time‐to‐digital convertor data‐recording system
Authors: Raznikov Valeri V. , Pikhtelev Alexander R. , Dodonov Alexander F. , Raznikova Marina O. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new effective and robust approach to the detection of incompletely resolved peaks, and evaluation of their parameters in high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectra for time‐to‐digital convertor (TDC) data acquisition mode, is described. The method is based on fast construction of a smoothed continuous curve that approximates the initial data (transformed to a constant relative width of time intervals for ion counting) with respect to precision of measurements. The first derivative of this curve is used for correction of skewness of the peak shape as far as possible. A contribution of the second derivative is subtracted from the smoothed curve for better resolution of partially resolved peaks. The comparison of local maxima of this resulting final curve with those for the initial smoothed curve allows reliable detection of the peaks and to test whether or not they are spoiled by overlapping. Ion counting performed by TDC gives an opportunity to estimate standard deviations of peak locations and their intensities. These values proved to be close to theoretically minimal standard deviations for these parameters for single fully resolved peaks. Thus, estimates of the main parameters of mass peaks by the described method are close to statistically efficient estimators for these parameters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of dissolved combined amino acids in marine waters
Authors: Sommerville Kay , Preston Tom 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDissolved combined amino acids (DCAA) are important constituents of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) pool in marine environments, although little is known about their sources, dynamics and sinks. The DCAA pool consists of various compounds including proteins and peptides, proteins linked to sugars and amino acids adsorbed to humic and fulvic acids, clays and other materials. The proportions of each of these components and the extent to which they are used by microplankton living within the photic zone are not known. An investigation was carried out, using 15N isotope dilution techniques, to determine the concentration and composition of dissolved amino acid pools in the marine environment. A near‐shore seawater sample was collected and split into fractions to determine the concentrations of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA), DCAA and a <3 kDa dissolved peptide fraction (DPEP; obtained by ultrafiltration). DCAA and DPEP fractions were hydrolysed to yield free amino acids and all samples were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as isobutyloxycarbonyl/tert‐butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. The DFAA was the smallest fraction representing ∼1% of total dissolved amino acids. The majority of DCAA was contained in the low molecular weight DPEP fraction (90%) and was probably as a result of release from phytoplankton and degradation by heterotrophic bacteria. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diurnal fluxes and the isotopomer ratios of N2O in a temperate grassland following urine amendment
Authors: Yamulki S. , Toyoda S. , Yoshida N. , Veldkamp E. , Grant B. , Bol R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThere is an urgent need to provide an accurate, up‐to‐date estimate of N2O fluxes in order that national policies can be developed to reduce emissions of N2O from soils. There are only limited data on temporal and diurnal patterns of N2O fluxes to the atmosphere, mainly due to constraints in the measurement techniques. In this paper we present the first terrestrial source values of N2O isotopomers and have measured and quantified the temporal and diurnal variability in N2O fluxes following urine addition to a grassland system in the UK. The experiment was carried out over a 2‐week period on an artificially drained grassland system at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), North Wyke, UK. Duplicate samples of urine, each of 2 L, were collected from dairy cows and applied to chambers (of area 0.16 m2). The N2O diurnal fluxes from urine and control (no urine) plots were measured by an automatic closed chamber technique. The isotopomers of N2O were obtained by analysing the gas samples collected during a peak emission phase. Soil and meteorological data were also collected. The results showed strong diurnal variations in N2O fluxes with minimum fluxes generally occurring between 7:00 and 14:00 hrs. The total cumulative flux of N2O for the whole experimental period was higher by a factor of >2 compared with estimates based on the daytime (between 10.00–16.00 hrs) measurements only. Therefore, measurements of N2O fluxes based on daily single exposure and expressed on a 24‐h basis could impose a considerable bias and inaccuracy to the emission estimates, depending on when it was taken. The measured site preference values (difference between the centre (δ15Nα) and the end (δ15Nβ) N atom of the N2O molecule) for soil‐emitted N2O measured during our study were always lower than the tropospheric value. This work confirms that the enhanced tropospheric N2O site preference value could be the result of the back injection from the stratosphere. The intramolecular isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and oxygen (δ18O) and the site preference of the emitted N2O indicated that there was a shift of processes during the measurement period. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.