bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water loss, not overheating, limits the activity period of an endothermic Sonoran Desert bee
Authors: Johnson Meredith G. , Alvarez Kaitlyn , Harrison Jon F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Desert animals must manage the physiological stress caused by heat and desiccation; evaporative heat loss mitigates overheating but exacerbates water stress. Small endothermic flying insects may be particularly vulnerable to overheating and water stress as a result of high surface area to volume ratios, but we lack quantitative understanding of the relative magnitude of these abiotic stressors in flying desert invertebrates, despite their ecological importance.

During the hottest and driest weeks of year, many thousands of males of the Sonoran Desert digger bee (Centris caesalpiniae) flew near‐continuously at elevated thorax temperatures for hours at mating aggregation sites, while fighting other males and digging for females.

To determine whether incapacitating high temperatures or water loss limited the activity period of male C. caesalpiniae, we assessed wet and dry body mass and water content through the activity period, flight durations using mark–recapture methods, crop volume and sugar content, microclimate selection, water balance during flight, critical water content and maximum critical temperature.

Body masses and sizes of males declined through the morning. Body water content scaled isometrically with total body wet mass. Crop volume and sugar content did not vary throughout the day or with bee size.

Maximum critical temperature during flight was 51°C for large‐morph C. caesalpiniae males, similar to those measured for other bees, and well above body temperatures reached in the field, suggesting that avoidance of overheating does not limit activity in this desert bee.

The critical water content of Centris bees averaged 50%, at the low end of those measured for other bees. Measures of net water loss rate indicated that males approached lethal water loss limits within 4 h, a duration in the range of measured daily flight activity, suggesting that desiccation tolerance limits activity. Remarkably, male C. caesalpiniae were not observed to forage at floral or water sources during the activity period, yet they returned over multiple days, suggesting that these males have a mechanism to rehydrate when not at the mating aggregation.

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Does earmarked funding affect the performance of international organisations?
Authors: Reinsberg Bernhard , Siauwijaya Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat determines the performance of international organisations (IOs)? We argue that funding structures remain an overlooked driver of IO performance. Over the past decades, donor governments have provided an increasing share of their contributions to IOs in the form of earmarked resources, which provide them with the opportunity to restrict the use of funding to specific themes, sectors, regions, countries or projects. This development has raised concerns about the ability of IOs to perform their duties, given that earmarked funds distort programme priorities away from recipient need and increase transaction costs for IO staff. Beyond qualitative evidence from case studies, concerns about the performance‐related effects of earmarking remain untested in large‐N analysis. Drawing on 64 performance assessments of 32 IOs from 2009 to 2021, undertaken by the Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network, we employ latent factor analysis to extract measures of process performance—the extent to which IOs have rules, procedures and routines in place to plan strategically, manage operations efficiently, liaise with partners effectively, monitor results and promote institutional learning—and outcome performance—the extent to which IOs achieve results that are relevant, efficient and sustainable. Using multivariate regressions, we find that earmarked funding is negatively related to process performance. Our result is robust to alternative model specifications and an instrumental variable design that helps mitigate concerns about endogeneity. These results have important implications for our understanding of IO performance and policy implications for donors of IOs.
Letter: Transperineal ultrasonography for ulcerative proctitis— Applicability in the pregnant population?
Authors: Greeve Tessa , Prentice Ralley E. , Shelton Edward , Boyapati Ray , Lever Frauke , Bell Sally J. 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sagami et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16817 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17705
Editorial: Negative impact of diabetes mellitus and obesity on the prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Llop E. , Calleja J. L. 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Paternostro et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17653 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17686
Letter: Transperineal ultrasonography for ulcerative proctitis—Applicability in the pregnant population? Authors' reply
Authors: Sagami Shintaro , Hojo Aya , Asonuma Kunio , Kobayashi Taku 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sagami et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16817andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17669
Effects of wind turbine noise on songbird behavior during nonbreeding season
Authors: Lehnardt Yael , Barber Jesse R. , Berger‐Tal Oded 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic noise is one of the fastest growing, globally widespread pollutants, affecting countless species worldwide. Despite accumulating evidence of the negative impacts of wind turbines on wildlife, little is known about how the noise they generate affects ecological systems. Songbirds may be susceptible to noise pollution due to their reliance on vocal communication and thus, in this field study, we examined how songbirds are affected by wind turbine noise. We broadcasted noise produced by one wind turbine in a migratory stopover site during the nonbreeding season. Throughout the study, we repeatedly monitored the acoustic environment and songbird community before, during, and after the noise treatments with passive acoustic monitoring and mist netting. We employed generalized linear mixed effects models to assess the impact of experimental noise treatment on birds behavior and likelihood ratio tests to compare models with variables of interest with null models. The daily number of birds in the presence of wind turbine noise decreased by approximately 30% compared with the before and after phases. This reduction had a significant spatial pattern; the largest decrease was closer to the speaker and on its downwind side, fitting measured sound propagation. Although we found no impact on species diversity, two out of three most common species showed clear avoidance behavior: 45% and 36% decrease in abundance for the lesser whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) and Sardinian warbler (Sylvia melanocephala momus), respectively. In the after phase, there were lingering effects on the lesser whitethroat. The age structure of the lesser whitethroat population was affected because only juvenile birds showed avoidance behavior. No difference in avoidance extent was found between migratory and nonmigratory species, but the impacts of displacement on migrants during stopover are especially troubling from a conservation perspective. Our results stress the need to address the impacts of noise pollution on wildlife when planning noise‐generating infrastructures, such as wind turbines, to allow for sustainable development without threatening already declining songbird populations.
The “Trojan horse” strategy: Seed fungal endophyte symbiosis helps to explain the invasion success of the grass, Poa annua, in Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Molina‐Montenegro Marco A. , Ballesteros Gabriel I. , Acuña‐Rodríguez Ian S. , Pertierra Luis R. , Greve Michelle , Richardson David M. , Convey Peter , Biersma Elisabeth M. , Goodall‐Copestake William P. , Newsham Kevin K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimPoa annua L. (annual bluegrass) is presently the sole invasive vascular plant species to have successfully established in Maritime Antarctica, where it poses a significant conservation threat to native plant species. However, the reasons for its success in the region have yet to be established. Here, we determined whether the invasiveness of P. annua, and its competitiveness with the native Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica, is influenced by symbioses formed with seed fungal endophytes, and whether plants derived from seeds from four global regions differ in their performance.LocationsFour regions (Maritime Antarctica, sub‐Antarctica, South America and Europe).MethodsEndophyte frequency was measured in P. annua seeds collected from the four regions. The germination, survival, biomass accumulation, flowering and competitiveness with D. antarctica of P. annua plants grown from endophyte‐uncolonised and uncolonised seeds was determined in the laboratory. The effects of endophytes on P. annua seed germination and survival and seedling osmoprotection were also assessed in the Maritime Antarctic natural environment using locally‐sourced seeds.ResultsEndophytes were at least twice as frequent in seeds from Maritime Antarctica than in those from other regions. A higher proportion of endophyte‐colonized seeds germinated and survived than did uncolonised seeds, but only when they originated from Maritime Antarctica. Seed endophytes increased the competitiveness of P. annua with D. antarctica, but only for plants grown from Maritime Antarctic seeds. In the field, endophyte‐colonized seeds from Maritime Antarctica germinated and survived more frequently than uncolonised seeds, and osmoprotection was higher in seedlings grown from colonized seed.Main ConclusionsThe findings indicate beneficial effects of seed endophytes on invasion‐related traits of P. annua, such as survival, germination success and flowering. Together with vegetative and reproductive traits facilitating the colonization process, the seed‐fungal endophyte symbiosis can be invoked as an important factor explaining the invasiveness of P. annua in Maritime Antarctica.
Global flows of insect transport and establishment: The role of biogeography, trade and regulations
Authors: Fenn‐Moltu Gyda , Ollier Sébastien , Bates Olivia K. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Nahrung Helen F. , Pureswaran Deepa S. , Yamanaka Takehiko , Bertelsmeier Cleo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimNon‐native species are part of almost every biological community worldwide, yet numbers of species establishments have an uneven global distribution. Asymmetrical exchanges of species between regions are likely influenced by a range of mechanisms, including propagule pressure, native species pools, environmental conditions and biosecurity. While the importance of different mechanisms is likely to vary among invasion stages, those occurring prior to establishment (transport and introduction) are difficult to account for. We used records of unintentional insect introductions to test (1) whether insects from some biogeographic regions are more likely to be successful invaders, (2) whether the intensity of trade flows between regions determines how many species are intercepted and how many successfully establish, and (3) whether the variables driving successful transport and successful establishment differ.LocationCanada, mainland USA, Hawaii, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, South Korea, South Africa.MethodsTo disentangle processes occurring during the transport and establishment stages, we analysed border interceptions of 8199 insect species as a proxy for transported species flows, and lists of 2076 established non‐native insect species in eight areas. We investigated the influence of biogeographic variables, socio‐economic variables and biosecurity regulations on the size of species flows between regions.ResultsDuring transport, the largest species flows generally originated from the Nearctic, Panamanian and Neotropical regions. Insects native to 8 of 12 biogeographic regions were able to establish, with the largest flows of established species on average coming from the Western Palearctic, Neotropical and Australasian/Oceanian regions. Both the biogeographic region of origin and trade intensity significantly influenced the size of species flows between regions during transport and establishment. The transported species richness increased with Gross National Income in the source country, and decreased with geographic distance. More species were able to establish when introduced within their native biogeographic region.Main ConclusionsOur results suggest that accounting for processes occurring prior to establishment is crucial for understanding invasion asymmetry in insects, and for quantifying regional biosecurity risks.
Long‐term survivorship care after CAR‐T cell therapy
Authors: Puckrin Robert , Jamani Kareem , Jimenez‐Zepeda Victor H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome are well‐recognized acute toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, these complications have become increasingly manageable by protocolized treatment algorithms incorporating the early administration of tocilizumab and corticosteroids. As CAR‐T cell therapy expands to new disease indications and the number of long‐term survivors steadily increases, there is growing recognition of the need to appropriately evaluate and manage the late effects of CAR‐T cell therapy, including late‐onset or persistent neurotoxicity, prolonged cytopenias, delayed immune reconstitution and infections, subsequent malignancies, organ dysfunction, psychological distress, and fertility implications. In this review, we provide a practical approach to the long‐term survivorship care of the CAR‐T cell recipient, with a focus on the optimal strategies to address the common and challenging late complications affecting this unique population.
Applying molecular genetic data at different scales to support conservation assessment of European Habitats Directive listed species: A case study of Eurasian otter in Austria
Authors: Schenekar Tamara , Weiss Andreas , Weiss Steven J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEvaluating intraspecific genetic structure and diversity is fundamental to assessing a species’ conservation status, but direct incorporation of such information into legal frameworks such as the EU's Habitats Directive is surprisingly rare. How genetic structure aligns with EU member state boundaries or biogeographic regions may be very important in designing management plans or achieving legislative goals. The Eurasian fish otter experienced a sharp population decline during the 20th century but is currently re‐expanding in several countries. The species is listed under Annex II and IV of the European Habitats Directive, and member states are obliged to assess the species separately across different biogeographic regions. We genotyped 2492 otter spraints across four provinces in Austria, collected between 2017 and 2021. A total of 384 different genotypes were identified, supporting densities along river habitats from 0.1 to 0.47 otters per river km (mean: 0.306), with a resampling‐based simulation supporting limited density overestimation at survey lengths of 20 km or more. Three distinct genetic clusters were revealed, two of them presumably reflecting two relict populations whereas the source of the third cluster is unknown. The geographic extent of the three clusters does not coincide with provincial or biogeographic boundaries, both relevant for assessment and management within existing national or European legislative frameworks. We advocate more consideration of genetic structure in the assessment and conservation management planning of species listed in the European Habitats Directive.
Claiming veganism and vegan geographies
Authors: Oliver Catherine , Turnbull Jonathon , Richardson Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA decade ago, veganism was a fringe radical movement. It was also largely absent from the geographical discipline, despite a rich history of vegan scholarship being present in disciplines such as Sociology and Psychology. However, veganism has recently seen a surge in popularity, with more people than ever before becoming vegan for a mixture of animal welfare, environmental, and health‐based reasons. With this mainstreaming, veganism has become contentious and fiercely defended. As veganism has become a growing social and political force, geographers have started to take notice of this previously fringe movement, which is gaining economic, ecological, and cultural power as investment flows into ‘plant‐based’ products and new markets are emerging. In this commentary, we look at how veganism has recently been taken up in Geography via several distinct trends that all stake a claim in defining an emerging geographical sub‐discipline, vegan geographies. We note the importance of scholarly pluralism and attention to establishing geographical sub‐disciplines more broadly.
Targeting higher factor VIII levels for prophylaxis in haemophilia A: a narrative review
Authors: Malec Lynn , Matino Davide 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe standard of care in severe haemophilia A is prophylaxis, which has historically aimed for a factor VIII (FVIII) trough level of ≥1%. However, despite prophylactic treatment, people with haemophilia remain at risk of bleeds that have physical and quality of life implications, and that impact everyday life.AimThe aim of this review was to evaluate evidence supporting the relationship between targeting higher FVIII activity levels with prophylaxis and improved outcomes in people with haemophilia A.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review that defined the unmet needs and treatment goals in people with haemophilia A, evaluated evidence to support targeting higher FVIII activity levels, and highlighted therapies that may support higher and sustained FVIII activity levels and improved outcomes for people with haemophilia A.ResultsDespite recent advances in treatment, unmet needs remain, and people with haemophilia continue to experience joint and functional impairment, acute and chronic pain, and poor mental health. All these negatively impact their health‐related quality of life. Evidence suggests that FVIII activity levels of up to 50% may be needed to achieve a near‐zero joint bleed rate. However, achieving high FVIII activity levels with current standard and extended half‐life (EHL) FVIII replacement therapies is associated with a high treatment burden. Innovative treatment options may provide high sustained FVIII activity levels and improved patient outcomes.ConclusionEvidence suggests that FVIII activity levels in people with haemophilia A should be sustained at higher levels to improve joint and patient outcomes and enable progression towards health equity.
What Changes and Opportunities Does Big Data Analytics Capability Bring to Strategic Alliance Research? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Xia Senmao , Song Jianmin , Ameen Nisreen , Vrontis Demetris , Yan Ji , Chen Fengwen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStrategic alliance theories have been studied widely over the past few decades. However, their key arguments may face new limitations and challenges brought by emerging technologies such as big data analytics capability (BDAC). This paper aims to identify the challenges BDAC brings to strategic alliance theories and the associated changes to strategic alliance research. Specifically, this paper systematically reviews and identifies how BDAC challenges the key arguments in the strategic alliances’ theories through the lens of three stages of strategic alliances: formation, governance and achieving alliance performance. Meanwhile, this study also finds some changes in strategic alliance research brought by BDAC. Finally, this study proposes promising directions for future research on strategic alliances under the influences of BDAC.
Stigma‐related barriers to medical cannabis as harm reduction for substance use disorder: Obstacles and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Fehr Florriann , Lo Lindsay A. , Nelson Chris , Nanson Kate , Diehl Lauren , Nielson Karl , Reddon Hudson , Walsh Zach 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmerging evidence on substituting cannabis for more harmful drugs has led to cannabis becoming a novel harm‐reduction strategy for combating the current drug poisoning crisis. However, the authorization of medical cannabis as part of a harm‐reduction approach and recovery strategy has significant implementation barriers rooted in longstanding stigma towards cannabis. Through a multi‐discipline collaboration of Canadian clinicians and academic researchers, we highlighted stigma barriers and opportunities to address these barriers to elicit improved delivery of medical cannabis as a harm‐reduction therapy within existing therapeutic frameworks. Evidence from existing literature and real‐world experiences converged on three key themes related to stigma barriers: (1) Lack of medical cannabis education within the healthcare community, (2) lack of consensus and coordination among harm‐reduction services and (3) access to medical cannabis. We highlight potential solutions to these issues, including improved healthcare education, better coordination between care teams and suggestions for improving access. Through this discussion, we hope to contribute to reducing the stigma around using medical cannabis as a harm‐reduction strategy for individuals with a substance use disorder and consider new perspectives in policy development surrounding recovery services.
Experiences of Midwives Attending Home Births in Massachusetts During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: George Erin K. , Kimball Joyce , Edmonds Joyce K. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionPublic interest in home birth in the United States increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Midwives attend the vast majority of home births and are experts in providing home birth care. However, limited data are available about the experiences of midwives attending home births during the pandemic in the United States.MethodsWe developed a cross‐sectional survey comprising 34 questions, which included 5 open‐ended questions. The survey was distributed online in June 2021 to midwives attending home birth in Massachusetts. We calculated descriptive statistics for the quantitative survey responses and identified qualitative free‐text responses illustrating the results.ResultsEighteen midwives and 2 midwife apprentices responded to the survey, approximately 50% of Massachusetts’ total number of midwives known to attend homebirths. The majority of the 20 respondents reported an increase in public interest in home birth (n = 17) and higher caseloads (n = 14) since the start of the pandemic. Respondents reported an increase in the number of clients transferring to their practices at a later gestational age (n = 13) and who identified as people of color (n = 8). They described both better and worse transfer of care to hospital experiences. Work‐life balance and unpredictable income were the top 2 reported obstacles to home birth practice.DiscussionThe results of our study indicate that midwives providing home birth care in Massachusetts witnessed a surge in demand for their services during the pandemic. Implementing policies and practices that provide support for certified professional midwives could strengthen the home birth workforce, enhance access to home birth options, and optimize transfers to hospital settings when necessary.