bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting a nonparametric two-sample graph hypothesis test for graphs with different numbers of vertices with applications to connectomics
Authors: Alyakin Anton A. , Agterberg Joshua , Helm Hayden S. , Priebe Carey E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRandom graphs are statistical models that have many applications, ranging from neuroscience to social network analysis. Of particular interest in some applications is the problem of testing two random graphs for equality of generating distributions. Tang et al. (Bernoulli 23:1599–1630, 2017) propose a test for this setting. This test consists of embedding the graph into a low-dimensional space via the adjacency spectral embedding (ASE) and subsequently using a kernel two-sample test based on the maximum mean discrepancy. However, if the two graphs being compared have an unequal number of vertices, the test of Tang et al. (Bernoulli 23:1599–1630, 2017) may not be valid. We demonstrate the intuition behind this invalidity and propose a correction that makes any subsequent kernel- or distance-based test valid. Our method relies on sampling based on the asymptotic distribution for the ASE. We call these altered embeddings the corrected adjacency spectral embeddings (CASE). We also show that CASE remedies the exchangeability problem of the original test and demonstrate the validity and consistency of the test that uses CASE via a simulation study. Lastly, we apply our proposed test to the problem of determining equivalence of generating distributions in human connectomes extracted from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging at different scales.
Impact of the El Niño on Fire Dynamics on the African Continent
Authors: de Oliveira-Júnior José Francisco , Mendes David , Szabo Szilard , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Jamjareegulgarn Punyawi , Cardoso Kelvy Rosalvo Alencar , Bertalan Laszlo , da Silva Marcos Vinicius , da Rosa Ferraz Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba , da Silva Jhon Lennon Bezerra , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Abreu Marcel Carvalho , Filho Washington Luiz Félix Correia , de Sousa Amaury , de Barros Santiago Dimas , da Silva Santos Iwldson Guilherme , Maksudovna Vafaeva Khristina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral studies investigated the occurrence of fires in Africa with numerical modeling or applied statistics; however, only a few studies focused on the influence of El Niño on the fire risk using a coupled model. The study aimed to assess the influence of El Niño on wildfire dynamics in Africa using the SPEEDY-HYCOM model. El Niño events in the Eastern Tropical Pacific were classified via sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly based on a predefined climatology between 1961 and 2020 for the entire time series of SST, obtaining linear anomalies. The time series of the SST anomalies was created for the region between 5° N and 5° S and 110° W and 170° W. The events were defined in three consecutive 3-month periods as weak, moderate, and strong El Niño conditions. The Meteorological Fire Danger Index (MFDI) was applied to detect fire hazards. The MFDI simulated by the SPEEDY-HYCOM model for three El Niño categories across different lagged months revealed relevant distinctions among the categories. In the case of ‘Weak’, the maximum variability of fire risk observed at time lags (0, -3, -6, and -9 months) was primarily in Congo, Gabon, and Madagascar. The ‘Moderate’ pattern had similar characteristics to ‘Weak’ except for the lag-6 months and its occurrence in the equatorial zone of Africa. ‘Strong’ showed a remarkable impact in East Africa, resulting in high fire risk, regardless of time lags. Precipitation and evaporation simulations (SPEEDY-HYCOM) indicated that El Niño categories in Africa need particular attention in the central, southern, and southeastern regions emphasizing the significance of lag-0 and lag-6 (evaporation) as well as lag-0, lag-6, and lag-9 (precipitation). The SPEEDY-HYCOM coupled model in conjunction with the MFDI was efficient in assessing climate variabilities in Africa during El Niño events. This model allows the analysis and prediction of wildfire risks based on El Niño events, providing crucial information for wildfire management and prevention. Its simulations uncover significant variations in risks among different El Niño categories and lagged months, contributing to the understanding and mitigation of this environmental challenge.
Mapudungun frustrative -fu-: a modal analysis
Authors: Fuentes Pablo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Mapudungun, the suffix -fu- typically indicates the unsuccessful realization of either an event or its expected consequences. As is the case for frustrative morphemes in several unrelated languages, when applied to a stative VP, the interpretation tends to be linked to non-continuation. Interestingly, in addition to these core readings, -fu- also occurs in conditionals conveying counterfactuality, and in a large subclass of deontic and bouletic constructions, such as the ones that express weak necessity and unattainable desires. Following recent developments in the study of both frustratives and conditionals, this article shows how a modal analysis of -fu- can integrate these different readings into a unified account.
Investigating environmental effects on phonology using diachronic models
Authors: Hartmann Frederik , Roberts Seán G. , Valdes Paul , Grollemund Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Previous work has proposed various mechanisms by which the environment may affect the emergence of linguistic features. For example, dry air may cause careful control of pitch to be more effortful, and so affect the emergence of linguistic distinctions that rely on pitch such as lexical tone or vowel inventories. Criticisms of these proposals point out that there are both historical and geographic confounds that need to be controlled for. We take a causal inference approach to this problem to design the most detailed test of the theory to date. We analyse languages from the Bantu language family, using a prior geographic–phylogenetic tree of relationships to establish where and when languages were spoken. This is combined with estimates of humidity for those times and places, taken from historical climate models. We then estimate the strength of causal relationships in a causal path model, controlling for various influences of inheritance and borrowing. We find no evidence to support the previous claims that humidity affects the emergence of lexical tone. This study shows how using causal inference approaches lets us test complex causal claims about the cultural evolution of language.
The impact of minimally invasive surgical approaches on surgical-site infections
Authors: Sweitzer Stephanie F. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Seidelman Jessica , Anderson Deverick J. , Lim Moe R. , Weber David J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe performed a literature review to describe the risk of surgical-site infection (SSI) in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) compared to standard open surgery. Most studies reported decreased SSI rates among patients undergoing MIS compared to open procedures. However, many were observational studies and may have been affected by selection bias. MIS is associated with reduced risk of surgical-site infection compared to standard open surgery and should be considered when feasible.
ON COMPACTNESS OF WEAK SQUARE AT SINGULARS OF UNCOUNTABLE COFINALITY
Authors: LEVINE MAXWELL 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cummings, Foreman, and Magidor proved that Jensen’s square principle is non-compact at

$\aleph _\omega $

, meaning that it is consistent that

$\square _{\aleph _n}$

holds for all

$n<\omega $

while

$\square _{\aleph _\omega }$

fails. We investigate the natural question of whether this phenomenon generalizes to singulars of uncountable cofinality. Surprisingly, we show that under some mild

${{\mathsf {PCF}}}$

-theoretic hypotheses, the weak square principle

$\square _\kappa ^*$

is in fact compact at singulars of uncountable cofinality.
Bioarchaeological Evidence of Violence between the Middle and Late Formative (500–400 BC) in the Peruvian North-Central Coast
Authors: Pezo-Lanfranco Luis , Romero María Inés Barreto , Filippini José , Crispín Aldemar , Machacuay Marco , Novoa Pedro , Shady Ruth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we address interpersonal violence during the transition between the Middle and the Late Formative periods in the Central Andes, a critical period of political disintegration, hypothesized population pressure, and reorganization of the belief systems that is poorly known from a bioarchaeological viewpoint. Our objective is to understand the nature of the violence and associated factors in this context based on a detailed description of skeletal trauma in 67 well-preserved individuals (20 adolescents and adults and 47 subadults) recovered from Quebrada Chupacigarro cemetery (500–400 BC); this site is located in the middle valley of Supe on the Peruvian north-central coast. To detect patterns and potential causes, we registered the prevalence of traumatic injury according to age, sex, anatomic location, mechanisms (blunt, sharp, mixed, etc.), timing (antemortem or perimortem), and manner (inflicted or accidental). The results show a high prevalence of fractures in the whole population, but especially in adolescents and adults. Eighty percent of the adolescents and adults perished due to the intentional trauma and show patterns that suggest repetitive episodes of interpersonal violence. Perimortem injuries in the skull, face, and thorax are compatible with lethal interpersonal violence. The findings support a probable scenario of intercommunity violence in the middle valley of Supe around 500–400 BC.
A prolonged dry Mid-Holocene recorded by Moon Lake in the Tengger Desert, arid and semiarid China
Authors: Duan Futao , An Cheng-Bang , Wang Wei , Zhao Yongtao , Zhou Aifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReconstructing the Mid-Holocene climate change in arid and semiarid areas can help predict regional moisture availability and resultant lake evolution and vegetation changes due to future warming. Here, we present a sediment core (YLH15A) from Moon Lake in the Tengger Desert, arid and semiarid China. Based on robust accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating and multiproxy analyses (pollen, grain size, elements, and total organic carbon), we reconstructed regional climate changes since 7.6 cal ka BP. The climate was generally dry from 7.6 to 2.8 cal ka BP, as indicated by the dried-up lake, strong aeolian activities, and no vegetation, except for a short-term wet interval between 5.4 and 4.9 cal ka BP. The generally dry climate shifted after 2.8 cal ka BP, which is suggested by expanded steppe desert/steppe and increased vegetation cover; it was also accompanied by lake development, which was likely related to increased groundwater recharge originating from regional precipitation and temporary floods from adjacent mountain areas. Our results reveal a prolonged dry Mid-Holocene and relatively wet Late Holocene that are basically consistent with climatic records from the central–east Asian arid and hyperarid areas. The prolonged dry climate in the arid and hyperarid areas is likely to be related to high evaporation triggered by high temperatures during the Middle Holocene.
Severe decline in abundance of Cyathostoma lari, a parasite of the nasal and orbital sinuses of gulls, at their central European nesting grounds
Authors: Heneberg P. , Sitko J. , Yakovleva G. , Lebedeva D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cyathostoma lari is a parasite of the nasal and orbital sinuses of gulls and other hosts in Europe and Canada. Here, we provide an overview of previously published data on the prevalence and infection intensity of C. lari in gulls. Furthermore, based on our data, we analyze the spatiotemporal trends in the prevalence and intensity of infection by C. lari in Chroicocephalus ridibundus in Czechia (central Europe; data from 1964 to 2014) and compare them with those obtained from five species of gulls in Karelia (Northwest Russia; data from 2012–2020). Based on our preliminary observations, we hypothesized that C. lari is subject to a decline in certain regions, but this decline is not necessarily applicable throughout its distribution range. We found that the C. lari population crashed in specific parts of its distribution range. The reasons are unknown, but the observed population changes correspond with the diet switch of their core host in Czechia, C. ridibundus. We previously observed a diet switch in Czech C. ridibundus from earthworms (intermediate hosts of C. lari) to other types of food. This diet switch affected both young and adult birds. Nevertheless, it may not necessarily affect populations in other regions, where they depend less on earthworms collected from agrocenoses affected by agrochemicals and trampling. Correspondingly, we found that these changes were limited only to regions where the gulls feed (or fed) on arable fields. In Karelia, where arable fields are scarce, gulls likely continue to feed on earthworms and still display high infection rates by C. lari. Therefore, C. lari, a parasite of the nasal and orbital sinuses of gulls, nearly disappeared from their central European nesting grounds but is still present in better-preserved parts of its distribution range.
Word of caution: silent late device embolisation after perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure in a 6-Kg infant
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Saliba Zakhia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report on a 6-month-old infant (6 Kg/ 64 cm) with perimembranous ventricular septal defect (absent sub-aortic rim, 10 mm left ventricular entry, and 4 and 6 mm right ventricular exists) and successful retrograde closure using an 8x6 mm KONAR-MF™ VSD occluder (Lifetech, China). Immediate and 48 hours post-procedure ultrasounds showed an accurately positioned device and two jets of mild-to-moderate residual shunts. At the 2-week follow-up, the device did not change position and the shunt was stable and intra-prosthetic. The scheduled 3-month follow-up was skipped for familial reasons. The patient came back without alarming symptoms for the regular 6-month follow-up, and the device was found embolised to the left pulmonary artery. The device was retrieved surgically, and the defect was patch-closed with excellent outcomes. There was a pseudoaneurysm involving the tricuspid valve chordae and the device was endothelialized partially on one edge suggesting that embolization occurred somewhere between 3 months and 6 months post-operative. Defects with compromised anatomies should be closed surgically to avoid suboptimal results, especially in small infants.
Aortic valvar atresia with a normal-sized left ventricle in an adolescent
Authors: Goswami Sourabh , Rajagopal Rengarajan , Deora Surender 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtresia of the aortic valve is usually associated with hypoplasia of the mitral valve and the left ventricle. In very rare cases, a ventricular septal defect may be associated with aortic atresia, when left ventricle and mitral valve are normal-sized, due to the presence of an outflow for the left ventricle through the ventricular septal defect. We present the multi-modality imaging findings of an adolescent girl who presented with breathlessness and was later found to have aortic valvar atresia with a normal-sized left ventricle.
Transport of Magma in Granitic Mush Systems; an Example From the Götemar Pluton, Sweden
Authors: Mattsson Tobias , McCarthy William , Schmiedel Tobias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGranitic magma bodies form in the ephemeral part of magma mush systems and are emplaced by a variety of mechanisms in different tectonic settings. This study investigates how granitic magma emplacement processes and tectonomagmatic interactions assert control over the architecture of mush state pluton‐scale magma transport pathways. The 1.45 Ga shallow‐crustal Götemar pluton is a 4.5 km diameter circular pluton that consists of three granite units: a coarse‐grained red granite, a medium‐grained pale to red granite, and fine‐grained pale microgranite sheets. We employed geological mapping supported by Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) to examine the magmatic and regional tectonic controls on late‐stage magma transport in the Götemar granitic magma mush system. Multiple parallel arcuate subhorizontal microgranite and medium‐grained granite sheets (from 0.1 to 10s of meters thick) were mapped within the pluton. The arcuate sheets pinch out from the northern part of the pluton toward the SE inferring magma propagation direction. A dominant set of vertical granitic sheets within the granite body strikes NW‐SE. The AMS fabrics are contact‐parallel in the main medium‐grained granite body and indicate inflation. Within the microgranite sheets, the AMS fabrics are parallel to the sheet strike and support a sheet propagation direction to the SE. The Götemar pluton displays a clear link between arcuate (concentric) magma‐transporting sheets and concentric strain‐partitioning related to the intrusion of medium‐grained granite magma. The vertical magma sheet orientations are consistent with an NE‐SW extensional stress field that is associated with the extensional back‐arc stress regime of the contemporary Hallandian Orogen.
Indian Ocean Dipole Changes During the Last Interglacial Modulated by the Mean Oceanic Climatology
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Yuan Chaoxia , Behera Swadhin , Luo Jing‐Jia , Yamagata Toshio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvestigating the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) during the Last Interglacial (LIG) can advance knowledge of IOD behaviors in orbitally‐induced warmer‐than‐present scenarios. Based on multiple model outputs from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 4, the analysis suggests reduced frequencies of the IOD compared to the preindustrial period. Spatially, the whole growing and mature stages of the IOD feature suppressed variability over the west and westward expansions of eastern anomalies, while the eastern perturbation enhances only at the initial phase. The overall amplitude assessed by the dipole mode index shows only minor reductions. These changes are attributed to orbitally‐induced enhancement in mean‐state westward currents along the equator, which transport more anomalous cold water westward. In addition, the subdued El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the LIG is unlikely to cause a weakening of the IOD, in association with a less important role of ENSO in the formation of the IOD.
Insights Into the Micromechanics of Dehydration‐Induced Gypsum to γ‐Anhydrite Phase Transition From Instrumented Microindentation Experiments
Authors: Mukherjee Rajiv , Misra Santanu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGypsum, an anisotropic hydrous mineral, localizes strain through dehydration‐induced embrittlement and hydrodynamic lubrication, affecting the deformation in active tectonic settings. Here, we examine the micromechanical status of syn‐ and post‐dehydration gypsum‐phases, crucial for understanding intra‐crystalline deformation. We micro‐indented the (010) planes of natural gypsum crystals from 30 to 140°C at various strain‐rates to track mechanical changes during progressive dehydration and phase transition. Thermogravimetric analyses reveal that gypsum dehydrates between 100 and 140°C following a sigmoidal curve. Micromechanical data show, at 30°C, the mean hardness of gypsum is 2.42 GPa, reducing to 0.5 GPa at 140°C, after complete dehydration. Following the sigmoidal dehydration trend, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and yield stress likewise drops with progressive dehydration. The Gypsum‐Hemihydrate phase exhibits strain‐rate sensitive elastoplastic deformation between 30 and 110°C, as hardness decreases with increasing strain‐rate. We propose that delamination of the layers and extensive tensile cracking along [010] cause this strain‐rate sensitive behavior, displaying Indentation Size Effect. Dehydrated phases (Hemihydrate and γ‐Anhydrite) are formed as exfoliated pseudomorphic flakes through topotactic transformation along [010] and show two sets of oppositely dipping slip systems. During the late dehydration stage (120–140°C), plastic strain is accommodated by the sliding of these flakes along with inelastic pore compaction, resulting in strain‐rate insensitive plastic deformation of the system.
Flood Risks of Cyber‐Physical Attacks in a Smart Storm Water System
Authors: Lin Chung‐Yi , Yang Yi‐Chen Ethan , Moazeni Faegheh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rise in smart water technologies has introduced new cybersecurity vulnerabilities for water infrastructures. However, the implications of cyber‐physical attacks on the systems like urban drainage systems remain underexplored. This research delves into this gap, introducing a method to quantify flood risks in the face of cyber‐physical threats. We apply this approach to a smart stormwater system—a real‐time controlled network of pond‐conduit configurations, fitted with water level detectors and gate regulators. Our focus is on a specific cyber‐physical threat: false data injection (FDI). In FDI attacks, adversaries introduce deceptive data that mimics legitimate system noises, evading detection. Our risk assessment incorporates factors like sensor noises and weather prediction uncertainties. Findings reveal that FDIs can amplify flood risks by feeding the control system false data, leading to erroneous outflow directives. Notably, FDI attacks can reshape flood risk dynamics across different storm intensities, accentuating flood risks during less severe but more frequent storms. This study offers valuable insights for strategizing investments in smart stormwater systems, keeping cyber‐physical threats in perspective. Furthermore, our risk quantification method can be extended to other water system networks, such as irrigation channels and multi‐reservoir systems, aiding in cyber‐defense planning.
Global increase in tropical cyclone ocean surface waves
Authors: Shi Jian , Feng Xiangbo , Toumi Ralf , Zhang Chi , Hodges Kevin I. , Tao Aifeng , Zhang Wei , Zheng Jinhai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe long-term changes of ocean surface waves associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) are poorly observed and understood. Here, we present the global trend analysis of TC waves for 1979–2022 based on the ERA5 wave reanalysis. The maximum height and the area of the TC wave footprint in the six h reanalysis have increased globally by about 3%/decade and 6%/decade, respectively. The TC wave energy transferred at the interface from the atmosphere to the ocean has increased globally by about 9%/decade, which is three times larger than that reported for all waves. The global energy changes are mostly driven by the growing area of the wave footprint. Our study shows that the TC-associated wave hazard has increased significantly and these changes are larger than those of the TC maximum wind speed. This suggests that the wave hazard should be a concern in the future.
Realization of a crosstalk-avoided quantum network node using dual-type qubits of the same ion species
Authors: Feng L. , Huang Y.-Y. , Wu Y.-K. , Guo W.-X. , Ma J.-Y. , Yang H.-X. , Zhang L. , Wang Y. , Huang C.-X. , Zhang C. , Yao L. , Qi B.-X. , Pu Y.-F. , Zhou Z.-C. , Duan L.-M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGenerating ion-photon entanglement is a crucial step for scalable trapped-ion quantum networks. To avoid the crosstalk on memory qubits carrying quantum information, it is common to use a different ion species for ion-photon entanglement generation such that the scattered photons are far off-resonant for the memory qubits. However, such a dual-species scheme can be subject to inefficient sympathetic cooling due to the mass mismatch of the ions. Here we demonstrate a trapped-ion quantum network node in the dual-type qubit scheme where two types of qubits are encoded in the S and F hyperfine structure levels of 171Yb+ ions. We generate ion photon entanglement for the S-qubit in a typical timescale of hundreds of milliseconds, and verify its small crosstalk on a nearby F-qubit with coherence time above seconds. Our work demonstrates an enabling function of the dual-type qubit scheme for scalable quantum networks.