bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly regionalized neuronal expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) in rat brain: Evidence for its colocalization with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides
Authors: Banisadr Ghazal , Gosselin Romain‐Daniel , Mechighel Patricia , Kitabgi Patrick , Rostène William , Parsadaniantz Stéphane Mélik 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) and its receptor CCR2 are key modulators of immune functions. In the nervous system, MCP‐1/CCL2 is implicated in neuroinflammatory pathologies. However, cerebral functions of MCP‐1/CCL2 under normal conditions are still unclear. In this study, using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and specific rat MCP‐1 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approaches, we observed that MCP‐1/CCL2 mRNA and protein were expressed in different punched regions of the normal rat central nervous system. Immunohistochemical studies further revealed that this chemokine is constitutively expressed not only in astrocytes but also in neurons, in discrete neuroanatomical regions. Neuronal expression of MCP‐1/CCL2 is mainly found in the cerebral cortex, globus pallidus, hippocampus, paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, substantia nigra, facial nuclei, motor and spinal trigeminal nuclei, and gigantocellular reticular nucleus and in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Moreover, we obtained the first evidence that MCP‐1/CCL2 is constitutively expressed in cholinergic neurons, notably in the magnocellular preoptic and oculomotor nuclei, and in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, in the lateral hypothalamic area, MCP‐1/CCL2 co‐localized with melanin‐concentrating hormone‐expressing neurons. Interestingly, we demonstrate a co‐localization of MCP‐1/CCL2 with vasopressin in magnocellular neuronal cell bodies and processes in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, as well as in processes in the internal layer of the median eminence and in the posterior pituitary. Taken together, our data suggest that MCP‐1/CCL2 could act as a modulator of neuronal activity and neuroendocrine functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:275–292, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropeptide Y2 receptor protein is present in peptidergic and nonpeptidergic primary sensory neurons of the mouse
Authors: Brumovsky Pablo , Stanic Davor , Shuster Sam , Herzog Herbert , Villar Marcelo , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe localization of the neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) Y2 receptor (Y2R) protein was studied in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord, by using a recently developed rabbit anti‐Y2R antibody and a sensitive immunohistochemical method. Y2R‐like immunoreactivity (‐LI) was observed in about 10% of the small/medium‐sized lumbar DRG neurons. Among these, about 44% were calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive, and about 38% bound isolectin B4. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, an intense Y2R‐LI was seen in the most superficial layers, mostly restricted to laminae I–II. This immunoreactivity was completely abolished by dorsal rhizotomy. Y2R‐L1 was also detected on the skin, more abundantly in hairy than glabrous skin. Specificity experiments showed complete disappearance of the Y2R‐LI described above after incubation with antibody preadsorbed with the immunogenic peptide. Furthermore, Y2R‐LI was also absent in a Y2R knockout mouse. These results demonstrate that the NPY Y2R is associated mainly with both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic small, presumably nociceptive, neurons projecting to the superficial layers of the dorsal horn. The results also support a role for this receptor and NPY in pain mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:328–348, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D atlas describing the ontogenic evolution of the primary olfactory projections in the olfactory bulb of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Gaudin Arnaud , Gascuel Jean 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe adult Xenopus presents the unique capability to smell odors both in water and air thanks to two different olfactory pathways. Nevertheless, the tadpole can initially perceive only water‐borne odorants, as the olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) that will detect air‐borne odorants develop later. Such a phenomenon requires major reorganization processes. Here we focused on the precise description of the neuroanatomical modifications occurring in the olfactory bulb (OB) of the tadpole throughout metamorphosis. Using both carbocyanine dyes and lectin staining, we investigated the evolution of ORN projection patterns into the OB from Stages 47 to 66, thus covering the period of time when all the modifications take place. Although our results confirm previous works (Reiss and Burd [1997] Semin Cell Dev Biol 8:171–179), we showed for the first time that the main olfactory bulb (MOB) is subdivided into seven zones at Stage 47 plus the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). These seven zones receive fibers dedicated to aquatic olfaction (“aquatic fibers”) and are conserved until Stage 66. At Stage 48 the first fibers dedicated to the aerial olfaction constitute a new dorsomedial zone that grows steadily, pushing the seven original zones ventrolaterally. Only the part of the OB receiving aquatic fibers is fragmented, reminiscent of the organization described in fish. This raises the question of whether such an organization in zones constitutes a plesiomorphy or is linked to aquatic olfaction. We generated a 3D atlas at several stages which are representative of the reorganization process. This will be a useful tool for future studies of development and function. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:403–424, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Conductors Based on peri‐Ditellurium‐Bridged Donors,2,3‐DMTTeA and TMTTeN
Authors: Fujiwara Emiko , Fujiwara Hideki , Narymbetov Bakhyt Zh. , Kobayashi Hayao , Nakata Masahiro , Torii Hajime , Kobayashi Akiko , Takimiya Kazuo , Otsubo Tetsuo , Ogura Fumio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMolecular conductors based on peri‐ditellurium‐bridged polyacene donor molecules 3,4‐dimethylanthra[1,9‐cd:4,10‐c'd']bis[1,2]ditellurole (2,3‐DMTTeA) and 2,3,6,7‐tetramethylnaphtho[1,8‐cd:4,5‐c'd']bis[1,2]ditellurole (TMTTeN) were prepared. The crystal structure analyses of neutral 2,3‐DMTTeA molecule and its cation radical salts revealed that these crystals involve an orientational disorder of the asymmetrical molecule, 2,3‐DMTTeA, and that the intermolecular network through tellurium atoms is very strong and dominant in terms of the construction of the crystal frameworks. In the crystal of (TMTTeN)2M(CN)2 (M = Ag and Au), the crystal structure analyses and the extended Hückel tight‐binding band calculations indicated that these salts are quasi three‐dimensional conductors. These salts are highly conductive (720–760 S cm–1) and maintain metallic states down to about 50 K. Furthermore, the Ag(CN)2– salt exhibited a Pauli paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K [χ(para) ≈ 2.0–2.5 × 10–4 emu mol–1]. In the crystal of (TMTTeN)(SCN)0.88, the donor molecules are stacked to form one‐dimensional columns and construct a three‐dimensional network between the columns through the intermolecular Te···Te contacts. The SCN– salt is also highly conductive (590 S cm–1) and maintains a metallic behavior down to 4.2 K. Almost temperature‐independent paramagnetic susceptibility of (TMTTeN)(SCN)0.88 indicates Pauli paramagnetism of this salt[χ(para) ≈ 1.6–1.9 × 10–4 emu mol–1]. A tight‐binding band structure calculation indicates that the Fermi surface of the SCN– salt is open along the b* and c* directions, but the intermolecular interactions between the donor columns are not so weak because of the three‐dimensional networkmediated by the protruded tellurium atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Microwave‐Assisted and PdII‐Mediated Nitrile–Oxime Coupling
Authors: Garnovskii Dmitrii A. , Bokach Nadezhda A. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Haukka Matti , Fraústo da Silva João J. R. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRefluxing PdCl2 with the ketoximes R1R2C=NOH (R1R2 = MeMe, MeEt, C5H10) in RCN (R = Me, Et, nPr, Ph) for 2–3 h results in precipitation of the oxime complexes [PdCl2(R1R2C=NOH)2], whereas further reflux of the reaction mixture for an additional 6–12 h leads to formation of the chelated species [PdCl2{NH=C(R)ON=CR1R2‐κ2N}] (R/R1R2 = Me/MeMe 1; Et/MeMe 2; nPr/MeMe 3; Me/MeEt 4; Me/C5H10 5; Ph/MeMe 6) by a PdII‐mediated coupling between the oximes and the nitriles; complexes 1–6 were isolated in the solid state in 60–75 % yields. The reaction time could be drastically reduced, to 15–30 min, when the system was additionally irradiated with microwaves (100 W, about 60 °C). Compounds 1–6 can also be obtained without isolation of the intermediate oxime complexes either by refluxing for 8–15 h or by microwave irradiation (100 W, about 60 °C) for 15–30 min. The formulation of 1–6 is based upon satisfactory C, H, and N elemental analyses, FAB mass spectrometry, and IR, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, while the structures of 1·(Me2CO), 1·(CHCl3), 2·(H2O), and 6·½(H2O) were determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
An ab initio valence bond (VB) calculation of the π delocalization energy in borazine, B3N3H6
Authors: Benker Daniel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Kuhn Gerhard , Li Jiabo , Miller Christian 
Published: July 2005

AbstractValence bond (VB) calculations using a double‐zeta D95 basis set have been performed for borazine, B3N3H6 and for benzene, C6H6 in order to determine the relative weights of individual standard Lewis structures. In the delocalized resonance scheme of borazine, the structure (I) with no double bonds and three lone pairs of electrons at the three nitrogen atoms is the major contributor with a structural weight of 0.17, followed by six equivalent Lewis structures with one double bond and two lone pairs at two nitrogen atoms (II) with weights of 0.08 each. In the case of benzene, the two Kekulé structures (III) contribute with structural weights of 0.15 each, followed by 12 equivalent ionic structures (IV) with weights of 0.03 each, followed by the three equivalent Dewar‐type structures (V) with structural weights of 0.02 each. The values of 54.1 and 45.8 kcal mol−1 for the delocalization energies of borazine and benzene were estimated. Therefore, B3N3H6 is calculated to have substantial aromatic character, similar to benzene, when we assume that the resonance energy can provide a criterion for aromaticity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:311–315, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20095
Synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4(1H)‐ ones and their remarkably facile recyclization to 2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Vovk Mykhaylo V. , Sukach Volodymyr A. , Chernega Alexander N. , Pyrozhenko Volodymyr V. , Bol'but, Andriy V. , M. Pinchuk Alexander 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFunctionalized 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4(1H)‐one derivatives have been synthesized by cyclocondensation of 3‐alkyl(aryl)amino‐2‐cyano‐3‐mercaptoacrylamides with aldehydes and ketones under acidic catalysis. 6‐Alkyl(aryl)amino‐5‐cyano‐2,3‐dihy‐ dro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4(1H)‐ones, when treated with a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide, are converted into the potassium salts of isomeric compounds, 1‐alkyl‐ (aryl)‐5‐cyano‐6‐mercapto‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐ 4(1H)‐ones. Alkylation of the latter with dimethyl sulfate in situ furnishes 1‐alkyl(aryl)‐6‐alkylthio‐5‐ cyano‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones, whereas boiling them in ethanol with an excess of hydrochloric acid leads to starting 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐4(1H)‐ones. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:426–436, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20129
The Preparation of 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted Guanidines
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Khashab Niveen M. , Bobrov Sergey 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn operationally straightforward and efficient benzotriazole‐based method for the guanylation of diverse amines by use of the new reagent classes (bis‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl‐methylene)amines 13a–13f and benzotriazole‐1‐carboxamidines 17a–17i is described. The preparation is described for a variety of both acyclic and cyclic 1,2,3‐trisubstituted guanidines in high yields.
Syntheses of Enantiomerically Pure 2‐Substituted Pyrrolidin‐3‐ones via Lithiated Alkoxyallenes – An Auxiliary‐Based Synthesis of both Enantiomers of the Antibiotic Anisomycin
Authors: Kaden Silvia , Brockmann Mirjam , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe hydrochlorides of both enantiomers of the antibiotic anisomycin were prepared starting with the ‘diacetone‐fructose’‐substituted allene 1 and the N‐Boc‐protected imine precursor 2a. Addition of an excess of lithiated 1 to 2a provided a 2 : 1 mixture 3a of diastereoisomers, which were cyclized to 4a under base promotion (Scheme 2). The two diastereoisomers of 4a were separated and converted into enantiomerically pure pyrrolidin‐3‐ones (2R)‐5a and (2S)‐5a. A similar sequence yielded the N‐Tos‐protected compounds (2R)‐5b and (2S)‐5b. Compounds 5a were converted into silyl enol ethers 6 and by subsequent regio‐ and stereoselective hydroboration into pyrrolidine derivatives 7 (Scheme 3). Straightforward functional‐group transformations led to the hydrochlorides 9 of anisomycin (Scheme 3). The (2R) series provided the hydrochloride (2R)‐9 of the natural occurring enantiomer, whereas the (2S) series furnished the antipode (2S)‐9. The overall sequence to the natural product involved ten steps with eight purified intermediates and afforded an overall yield of 8%. Our stereochemically divergent approach to this type of hydroxylated pyrrolidines is highly flexible and should easily allow preparation of many analogues.
Oligoporphyrin Arrays Conjugated to [60]Fullerene: Preparation, NMR Analysis, and Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Bonifazi Davide , Accorsi Gianluca , Armaroli Nicola , Song Fayi , Palkar Amit , Echegoyen Luis , Scholl Markus , Seiler Paul , Jaun Bernhard , Diederich François 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe report the synthesis and physical properties of novel fullerene–oligoporphyrin dyads. In these systems, the C‐spheres are singly linked to the terminal tetrapyrrolic macrocycles of rod‐like meso,meso‐linked or triply‐linked oligoporphyrin arrays. Monofullerene–mono(ZnII porphyrin) conjugate 3 was synthesized to establish a general protocol for the preparation of the target molecules (Scheme 1). The synthesis of the meso,meso‐linked oligopophyrin–bisfullerene conjugates 4–6, extending in size up to 4.1 nm (6), was accomplished by functionalization (iodination followed by Suzuki cross‐coupling) of the two free meso‐positions in oligomers 21–23 (Schemes 2 and 3). The attractive interactions between a fullerene and a ZnII porphyrin chromophore in these dyads was quantified as ΔG=−3.3 kcal mol−1 by variable‐temperature (VT) 1H‐NMR spectroscopy (Table 1). As a result of this interaction, the C‐spheres adopt a close tangential orientation relative to the plane of the adjacent porphyrin nucleus, as was unambiguously established by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR (Figs. 9 and 10), and UV/VIS spectroscopy (Figs. 13–15). The synthesis of triply‐linked diporphyrin–bis[60]fullerene conjugate 8 was accomplished by Bingel cyclopropanation of bis‐malonate 45 with two C60 molecules (Scheme 5). Contrary to the meso,meso‐linked systems 4–6, only a weak chromophoric interaction was observed for 8 by UV/VIS spectroscopy (Fig. 16 and Table 2), and the 1H‐NMR spectra did not provide any evidence for distinct orientational preferences of the C‐spheres. Comprehensive steady‐state and time‐resolved UV/VIS absorption and emission studies demonstrated that the photophysical properties of 8 differ completely from those of 4–6 and the many other known porphyrin–fullerene dyads: photoexcitation of the methano[60]fullerene moieties results in quantitative sensitization of the lowest singlet level of the porphyrin tape, which is low‐lying and very short lived. The meso,meso‐linked oligoporphyrins exhibit 1O2 sensitization capability, whereas the triply‐fused systems are unable to sensitize the formation of 1O2 because of the low energy content of their lowest excited states (Fig. 18). Electrochemical investigations (Table 3, and Figs. 19 and 20) revealed that all oligoporphyrin arrays, with or without appended methano[60]fullerene moieties, have an exceptional multicharge storage capacity due to the large number of electrons that can be reversibly exchanged. Some of the ZnII porphyrins prepared in this study form infinite, one‐dimensional supramolecular networks in the solid state, in which the macrocycles interact with each other either through H‐bonding or metal ion coordination (Figs. 6 and 7).
Osteoclastic resorption of calcium phosphate coatings applied with electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), in vitro
Authors: Siebers M. C. , Matsuzaka K. , Walboomers X. F. , Leeuwenburgh S. C. G. , Wolke J. G. C. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCalcium phosphate (CaP) coatings have been applied on titanium implants to improve the bioactivity in order to favor the initial bone healing response. Recently, a new technique has been developed to apply CaP coatings: electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). Although ESD‐derived coatings have several benefits, it is not known whether they are degradable. This study was designed to examine the cell‐mediated degradation of two ESD‐derived coatings with different chemical compositions, that is, β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and carbonate apatite (CA). First, coatings were deposited and analyzed physiochemically. Subsequently, rat bone marrow–derived osteoclastlike cells were seeded on the coatings, and analyzed with osteoclast‐specific markers, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that both coatings exhibited porous morphologies, with an average pore size of less than 1 μm (β‐TCP), or larger than 1 μm (CA). After heat treatment, both coatings were crystalline in structure. The Ca/P ratios were 1.4 to 1.5 for the β‐TCP coating, and 1.8 to 2.0 for the CA coating. After 8 and 12 days of culture, multinucleated osteoclastlike cells were observed on both coatings. The osteoclast phenotype was confirmed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and immunostaining against the calcitonin receptor. Using scanning electron microscopy, numerous resorption lacunae were observed in both coatings. Finally, transmission electron microscopy of TRAP‐positive cells confirmed the osteoclastlike aspect of the cells revealing multiple nuclei and a ruffled border. In conclusion, CaP coatings produced with the ESD process can be degraded by osteoclasts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Enhancement of hydroxyapatite‐mediated three‐dimensional‐like proliferation of mouse fibroblasts by heat treatment: Effects of heat shock‐induced p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Hiragami Fukumi , Akiyama Junichi , Koike Yoshihisa , Kano Yoshio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractRegulation of the biocompatibility of compositional hydroxyapatite (HA) with cells is affected by various environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has a key role in enhancement of HA‐mediated three‐dimensional (3D)‐like proliferation of mouse fibroblasts after heat treatment. C3H10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts were cultured with HA granules for 10 weeks after heat treatment at 44°C for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. The mean rate of formation of 3D‐like proliferation patterns by cells heat treated for 20 min was only 2.1‐fold higher than that by untreated cells, but the mean rates of formation of 3D‐like proliferation patterns by cells heat treated for 5 and 10 min were significantly higher (3.7‐ and 3.3‐fold higher, respectively) than that by untreated cells (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was markedly increased by heat treatment at 44°C for 5 and 10 min. In addition, the activation of heat shock‐induced p38 MAPK was markedly reduced by treatment at 44°C for 30 min. We concluded that 3D‐like proliferation of heat‐treated cells was induced by activation of p38 MAPK. The results of this study should be useful for further studies aimed at elucidation of regulation of the biocompatibility of compositional HA with cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
A new GROMOS force field for hexopyranose‐based carbohydrates
Authors: Lins Roberto D. , Hünenberger Philippe H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new parameter set (referred to as 45A4) is developed for the explicit‐solvent simulation of hexopyranose‐based carbohydrates. This set is compatible with the most recent version of the GROMOS force field for proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and the SPC water model. The parametrization procedure relies on: (1) reassigning the atomic partial charges based on a fit to the quantum‐mechanical electrostatic potential around a trisaccharide; (2) refining the torsional potential parameters associated with the rotations of the hydroxymethyl, hydroxyl, and anomeric alkoxy groups by fitting to corresponding quantum‐mechanical profiles for hexopyranosides; (3) adapting the torsional potential parameters determining the ring conformation so as to stabilize the (experimentally predominant) 4C1 chair conformation. The other (van der Waals and nontorsional covalent) parameters and the rules for third and excluded neighbors are taken directly from the most recent version of the GROMOS force field (except for one additional exclusion). The new set is general enough to define parameters for any (unbranched) hexopyranose‐based mono‐, di‐, oligo‐ or polysaccharide. In the present article, this force field is validated for a limited set of monosaccharides (α‐ and β‐D‐glucose, α‐ and β‐D‐galactose) and disaccharides (trehalose, maltose, and cellobiose) in solution, by comparing the results of simulations to available experimental data. More extensive validation will be the scope of a forthcoming article. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1400–1412, 2005
Increased serum levels of endostatin in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sumi Masaaki , Satoh Hiroaki , Kagohashi Katsunori , Ishikawa Hiroichi , Sekizawa Kiyohisa 
Published: July 2005

AbstractEndostatin is an angiogenesis inhibitor that is an endogenously produced proteolytic fragment of type XVIII collagen. Serum levels of endostatin have been studied extensively in patients with malignant diseases. Recently, elevated serum endostatin levels were observed in patients with systemic sclerosis accompanying pulmonary fibrosis. To determine whether elevated serum endostatin can be observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we measured serum levels of endostatin in 69 patients with benign respiratory disease using an ELISA kit. The median of the serum endostatin levels in these patients was 50.8 pg/mL. Seven of 11 patients (63.6%) with collagen disease‐associated pulmonary fibrosis (CDPF), and 19 of 24 patients (79.2%) with IPF had higher serum endostatin levels than the median level of the 69 patients. There was no statistical difference in serum endostatin levels between the patients with IPF and those with CDPF (P=0.7898). Serum endostatin levels in 24 patients with IPF were significantly higher than those in 34 patients with respiratory diseases other than IPF and CDPF (P=0.0001). Elevated serum levels of endostatin were observed in patients with IPF. Although the mechanisms are unclear, elevated serum levels of endostatin may be related to the fibrosing process in the lung. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 19:146–149, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.