bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Chloro(trifluoromethyl)pyridines as Model Substrates for Regioexhaustive Functionalization
Authors: Cottet Fabrice , Schlosser Manfred 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAs a further test of the concept of regioexhaustive functionalization, 2‐chloro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 2‐chloro‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridine and 3‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridine were each converted into the three possible carboxylic acids 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 17 and 20. This was achieved by employing several, but not all of the organometallic “toolbox methods”: transformation of a more basic organometallic species into a less basic isomer by transmetalation‐equilibration, site discriminating deprotonation with lithium N,N‐diisopropylamide or lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide, regio‐divergent iodine migration and steric screening of acidic positions by a bulky trialkylsilyl group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The (Schiff base)vanadium(V) Complex Catalyzed Oxidation of Bromide − A New Method for the in situ Generation of Bromine and Its Application in the Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclic Ethers
Authors: Greb Marco , Hartung Jens , Köhler Franz , Špehar Kristina , Kluge Ralph , Csuk René 
Published: August 2004

Abstract(Schiff base)vanadium(V) complexes 5 with tridentate imine auxiliaries served as catalysts for the oxidation of Br− with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in nonaqueous solvents. This reaction has been applied for the conversion of substituted 4‐penten‐1‐ols into 5‐exo‐bromo‐cyclized products, including a diastereomerically pure heterocyclic precursor used in a synthesis of the all‐trans‐configured 2,3,4,5‐substituted tetrahydrofuran 2‐epi‐magnosalicin. Treatment of ψ‐substituted bis(homoallylic) alcohols with the reagent combination of pyHBr, TBHP, and a vanadium(V) catalyst 5 afforded 6‐endo‐cyclized products, i.e. brominated tetrahydropyrans, as major compounds. The results from 51V NMR, ESI‐MS, and supporting reactivity‐selectivity studies indicated that the mechanism of the new bromination reaction consists of vanadium‐dependent and vanadium‐independent steps. A (Schiff base)vanadium(V) compound 5 is required for activation of TBHP via in situ formation of the corresponding tert‐butylperoxy complex. This reagent oxidizes Br−, which under the reaction conditions provides Br2 as the active brominating reagent. The molecular bromine generated thus is released into the solution at a steady rate and serves as a reagent for the synthesis of β‐brominated cyclic ethers from bis(homoallylic) alcohols in a second, vanadium‐independent step. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Green Self‐Assembling Porphyrins and Chlorins as Mimics of the Natural Bacteriochlorophylls c, d, and e
Authors: Balaban Teodor Silviu , Linke‐Schaetzel Myriam , Bhise Anil Dnyanoba , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Roussel Christian 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNovel porphyrins and chlorins that self‐assemble in nonpolar solvents in a manner similar to that of the bacteriochlorophylls c, d, and e have been synthesized by a common protective group approach. The supramolecular assemblies have broad and red‐shifted absorption spectra in comparison to those of the monomeric building blocks. The presence of a carbonyl group in conjugation with the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle produces green colors both in the free bases and in their zinc complexes, which, after self‐assembly, are thus perfect artificial mimics of the chlorosomal antennas encountered in green photosynthetic bacteria. Enantiopure building blocks produce large helical aggregates with M or P helicity determined by the chirality of the 1‐hydroxyethyl substituent. It is demonstrated that the groups essential for self‐organization to occur − namely the hydroxy group, the zinc metal atom and the carbonyl group − do not have to be collinear, as has been presumed until now. Surprisingly, the chlorin derivative does not show hyperchromicity relative to similarly substituted porphyrins. This fact allows us to conclude that the more readily available porphyrins may be used for efficient artificial antennas of potential use in solar devices; otherwise it is necessary to increase the number of synthetic steps in order to incorporate into chlorins the annulated cyclopentanone ring, a structural feature carefully optimized by evolution in all (bacterio)chlorophylls. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
New Efficient Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolin‐9(3H)‐ones via a Tandem Aza‐Wittig/Heterocumulene‐Mediated Annulation
Authors: Ding Ming‐Wu , Chen Yun‐Feng , Huang Nian‐Yu 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe carbodiimides 2, obtained from aza‐Wittig reactions of iminophosphorane 1 with aromatic isocyanates, react with hydrazine to give, selectively, the 3‐amino‐2‐arylaminoquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones 4. Reaction of 4 with triphenylphosphane, hexachloroethane and triethylamine produces iminophosphoranes 5. A tandem aza‐Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane 5 with isocyanate or acyl chloride generates the 1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolin‐9(3H)‐ones 7 or 9, respectively, in satisfactory yield. The aza‐Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane 5 with CS2 or CO2 gives the 1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolin‐9(3H)‐ones 14 or 17, respectively. Further S‐alkylation of 14 produces the 2‐alkylthio‐1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolin‐9(3H)‐one 15. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
New Monodentate P,C‐Stereogenic Bicyclic Phosphanes: 1‐Phenyl‐1,3a,4,5,6,6a‐hexahydrocyclopenta[b]phosphole and 1‐Phenyloctahydrocyclopenta[b]phosphole
Authors: Pakulski Zbigniew , Demchuk Oleg M. , Frelek Jadwiga , Luboradzki Roman , Pietrusiewicz K. Michał 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRacemic1‐phenyl‐1,3a,4,5,6,6a‐hexahydrocyclopenta[b]phosphole (4) was separated into enantiomerically pure 1‐phenyl‐1,3a,4,5,6,6a‐hexahydrocyclopenta[b]phosphole 1‐oxides [(RP)‐6 and (SP)‐6] by an oxidative resolution procedure involving treatment of 4 with menthyl bromoacetate, crystallization of the resulting diastereoisomeric phosphonium bromides 8, and stereoselective hydrolysis of the diastereomerically pure salts to the corresponding enantiomerically pure phosphane oxides. Stereoretentive reduction of P=O in (RP)‐6 gave enantiomerically pure (SP)‐4. Hydrogenation of (SP)‐6 and subsequent reduction of P=O afforded saturated 1‐phenyloctahydrocyclopenta[b]phosphole [(RP)‐5]. Monophosphanes (SP)‐4 and (RP)‐5 were tested as chiral ligands and catalysts in model asymmetric hydrogenation and C−C bond‐forming reactions. Enantioselectivities of up to 95% were observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Stereocontrolled α‐Alkylation of Fully Protected L‐Serine
Authors: Brunner Martin , Saarenketo Pauli , Straub Thomas , Rissanen Kari , Koskinen Ari M. P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDiastereoselective alkylation of the (2S,4S) and (2R,4S) diastereomers of 3‐tert‐butyl 4‐methyl 2‐tert‐butyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐3,4‐dicarboxylate (1a/b) is reported. Formation of both diastereomers of these oxazolidines was achieved by changing the order of protection steps, and their relative and absolute configurations were determined by NOESY spectroscopy. The use of the bulky ring substituent tBu together with Boc as the N‐protecting group led to the exclusive formation of only one alkylated diastereomer. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis of γ‐Lactones from Cycloocta‐1,5‐diene − Starting Materials for Natural‐Product Synthesis
Authors: Behr Sandra , Hegemann Klaus , Schimanski Holger , Fröhlich Roland , Haufe Günter 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe bislactones rac‐tetrahydro‐2,2′‐bifuranyl‐5,5′‐dione (rac‐12) and its diastereomer meso‐25 were prepared from endo‐5‐hydroxy‐9‐oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan‐2‐one (endo‐10) and endo‐6‐hydroxy‐9‐oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐2‐one (endo‐11) or exo‐5‐hydroxy‐9‐oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan‐2‐one (exo‐23), respectively, under the conditions of a Baeyer−Villiger oxidation with trifluoroperacetic acid. The latter compounds were obtained by O‐heterocylization of cis,cis‐cycloocta‐1,5‐diene (1) by either reaction with peracids followed by hydrolysis and Jones oxidation or ruthenium tetraoxide oxidation, respectively. The optically active bislactone (R,R)‐(−)‐12 was prepared in a similar manner from (1S,5R,6R)‐(+)‐10 and (1R,5R,6R)‐(+)‐11, which, in turn, were obtained by lipase‐catalyzed asymmetric acetylation of the corresponding diols meso‐2 and rac‐3 and subsequent Jones oxidation of the formed hydroxy esters (1S,2S,5R,6R)‐(+)‐4 and (1R,2R,5R,6R)‐(+)‐5. Since the regioisomeric hydroxy‐9‐oxabicyclo[4.2.1]‐ and ‐[3.3.1]nonan‐2‐ones (1S,5R,6R)‐(+)‐10 and (1R,5R,6R)‐(+)‐11 yielded the same bislactone [(R,R)‐(−)‐12] it is presumed that the sequence proceeds via open‐chain intermediates. Applying this strategy to the enantiopure acetoxy ketones (1S,5R,6R)‐(+)‐8 and (1R,5R,6R)‐(+)‐9, followed by Kolbe electrolysis of the formed (R,R)‐5‐acetoxy‐7‐carboxyheptan‐4‐olide [(R,R)‐27], (R,R)‐5‐acetoxydecan‐4‐olide [(R,R)‐29] was accessible in a five‐step synthesis. The absolute configuration of (+)‐8 was determined by X‐ray analysis of the dithiepane derivative 14. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A New Carrier for Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions through Bulk Liquid Membranes
Authors: Spreti Nicoletta , Brinchi Lucia , Germani Raimondo , Mancini Maria Vincenza , Savelli Gianfranco 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe carrier‐mediated transport of heavy metal ions through bulk liquid membranes has been examined: toxic Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions were studied, along with Cu2+ ions for comparative purposes. The ability of a new carrier, 2,2′‐bis(p‐octyloxybenzyl)diethylenetriamine (bis‐pODET), to complex and transport all the selected metal ions is reported. Differing affinities of the carrier for the different metal ions and the different experimental conditions required for their release into the receiving phase allowed the selective separation of equimolar binary mixtures. For Hg2+/Cd2+ and Hg2+/Pb2+ mixtures, two different separation methods were performed, while the inefficacy of the separation of Cd2+/Pb2+ and Hg2+/Cu2+ mixtures was for two different reasons: (i) the carrier is able to extract the metal ions with similar levels of ability, and (ii) the carrier metal ion complexes require the same acidity of the receiving phase to release the metal ions. The capability of the carrier to transport Hg2+ efficiently in consecutive cycles is also reported: over 90% of the metal ions were transferred into the receiving phase for three consecutive processes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
General Route to a New Class of Homochiral Azetidine‐Derived 1,2‐Diamines
Authors: Couty François , Evano Gwilherm , Prim Damien , Marrot Jérome 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA short access to novel azetidine‐derived anti‐1,2‐diamines starting from easily accessible 2‐cyanoazetidines has been developed. A one‐pot sequence, including a nucleophilic addition and reduction of the resulting imine, allows for a diastereoselective synthesis of variously substituted diamines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Structural Determination of the O‐Chain Moieties of the Lipopolysaccharide Fraction from Agrobacterium radiobacter DSM 30147
Authors: De Castro Cristina , Bedini Emiliano , Garozzo Domenico , Sturiale Luisa , Parrilli Michelangelo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTwo O‐chain structures were identified after acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide fraction of Agrobacterium radiobacter (type strain). The first is constituted by the linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit [2)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→3)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→3)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→]n and the second by the (1→2)‐branched repeating unit α‐D‐Manp‐(1→2)−[3)‐α‐D‐Fucp‐(1→3)‐α‐D‐Fucp‐(1→]n.The two structures were determined mainly by 1D‐ and 2D NMR spectroscopy together with chemical‐degradation methods. A detailed analysis of the NOESY spectrum, supported by molecular dynamics calculations, suggested that some unexpected NOEs were due to the sum of many small dipolar effects, whose identification was possible only by considering the 3D structure of an O‐chain oligosaccharide bigger than the repeating unit. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Glyco‐SAMs as Glycocalyx Mimetics: Synthesis of L‐Fucose‐ and D‐Mannose‐Terminated Building Blocks
Authors: Kleinert Mike , Röckendorf Niels , Lindhorst Thisbe K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn the course of a project on the supramolecular functions of the glycocalyx present on eukaryotic cell surfaces, it has been our goal to prepare spacer glycosides and cluster glycosides that are suitable for the formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. We have selected amino‐functionalized D‐mannose and L‐fucose derivatives for peptide coupling to thio‐functionalised alkane and alkane‐oligoethylene glycol spacers such as 12 and 15. Thus, a variety of thio‐spacered glycosides (16−19) and cluster glycosides (23, 24, 26, 28, and 29) were synthesized, which can be assembled on gold wafers to serve as glycocalyx mimetics. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Stereoselective Formal Synthesis of (−)‐Fumagillol
Authors: Bedel Olivier , Haudrechy Arnaud , Langlois Yves 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA novel formal synthesis of fumagillol, a direct precursor of the antiangiogenic sesquiterpene fumagillin, is described. The main features of the synthesis are a stereoselective Claisen−Ireland rearrangement, a ring‐closing metathesis, a chemo‐ and stereoselective dihydroxylation, and a Julia−Kocienski olefination. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Preparative Resolution of the trans‐Cyclohexane Analogues of Phenylalanine
Authors: Cativiela Carlos , López Pilar , Lasa Marta 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDifferent approaches to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (1R,2S)‐ and (1S,2R)‐1‐amino‐2‐phenylcyclohexanecarboxylic acids (trans‐c6Phe) through a racemic pathway followed by semi‐preparative HPLC of a racemic precursor have been studied. The complete diastereoselectivity of the Strecker reaction and the high efficiency of the subsequent transformations into the amino acid favour this method in comparison to the Diels−Alder route. The relative stereochemistry of the amino acid and its precursors has been unambiguously assigned. The preparation of the final enantiomerically pure amino acids and their corresponding N‐Boc derivatives was carried out by HPLC resolution of one of the intermediates using a cellulose‐derived chiral stationary phase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Stereoselective Sensing by Substrate‐Controlled syn/anti Interconversion of a Stereodynamic Fluorosensor
Authors: Tumambac Gilbert E. , Mei Xuefeng , Wolf Christian 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA stereoselective sensing method that is based on the unique stereodynamic and photochemical properties of 1,8‐diquinolylnaphthalenes has been developed. The ability to undergo substrate‐induced syn/anti interconversion and the striking difference in the fluorescence intensity of the syn and anti isomers of 1,8‐bis(2‐isopropyl‐4‐quinolyl)naphthalene (1) have been utilized for stereoselective sensing of the isomers of 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (5). The conformational stability of 1 at room temperature greatly facilitated spectroscopic and crystallographic studies of this new prototype of stereodynamic fluorosensors. Fluorescence measurements of the anti and syn isomer of 1 revealed a quantum yield of 11.6% and 2%, respectively. NMR spectroscopy experiments confirmed that trans‐5 stabilizes the C2‐symmetric anti isomers of 1, whereas cis‐5 favors formation of the less fluorescent meso syn‐1 isomer, which results in a reduced fluorescence response. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Ciereszkolide: Isolation and Structure Characterization of a Novel Rearranged Cembrane from the Caribbean Sea Plume Pseudopterogorgia kallos
Authors: Marrero Jeffrey , Rodríguez Abimael D. , Baran Peter , Raptis Raphael G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAn investigation of the chloroform extract of a Colombian specimen of Pseudopterogorgia kallos has led to the isolation of a novel rearranged cembrane, ciereszkolide (1). The structure of 1 is based on a new carbon skeleton that possesses several unusual structural features, namely, two butyrolactones [one 2(3H)‐ and one 2(5H)‐furanone] across a 13‐membered macrocycle, a (Z)‐trisubstituted olefin, and a five‐membered trans‐fused cyclic ketal. The structure of 1 was resolved by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data supported by HRFAB‐MS, IR, UV, and a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Convenient Synthesis, Characterization and GPx‐Like Catalytic Activity of Novel Ebselen Derivatives
Authors: Zade Sanjio S. , Panda Snigdha , Tripathi Santosh K. , Singh Harkesh B. , Wolmershäuser Gotthelf 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of benzisochalcogenazolones (ebselen derivatives 16−21) is described. The synthesis of 16−21 was achieved by treating the bromo precursors 11−13 with an appropriate dilithium dichalcogenide. The synthesis of benzisoselenazolones 16 and 18 was also accomplished by an alternative route, that is, by treating the corresponding methoxymethyl selenides 22 and 23 with 1 equiv. of bromine. The synthesis of methoxymethyl selenides 22 and 23 was accomplished by lithiation of the bromo precursors followed by treatment with bis(methoxymethyl) diselenide. The benzisoselenazolones 16 and 17 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray techniques. The GPx‐like catalytic activities of compounds 16−18 and 21 were determined by using the coupled reductase assay. Compound 16 was found to be less active than ebselen 8 whereas compounds 17 and 18 were more active than ebselen in this assay. Compound 21 showed a 1.5‐fold higher activity than its selenium analogue 17. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The “Azirine/Oxazolone Method” under Solid‐Phase Conditions
Authors: Stamm Simon , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAib‐containing peptides have been synthesized from the N‐ to the C‐terminus by the “azirine/oxazolone method” under solid‐phase conditions. In this new and convenient method for the synthesis of sterically demanding peptides on solid phase, 2H‐azirine‐3‐amines are used to introduce aminoisobutyric acid, an α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid, into the peptide without the need for further reagents. Segments of naturally occurring peptaibols have been prepared by this method. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Evaluation of Boronated Lysine and Bis(carboranylated) γ‐Amino Acids as Monomers for Peptide Assembly
Authors: Morin Christophe , Thimon Christian 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe have synthesizedN‐Fmoc amino acid derivatives bearing boronated and carboranylated substituents. Thus, a 1,3,2‐dioxaborolane subunit has been introduced on the side chain ofNα‐Fmoc‐L‐lysine, and a bis(carboranylated) γ‐amino acid building block has been prepared. As shown by the preparation of a model tetrapeptide, only the latter monomer can be successfully used in peptide synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Tandem Intramolecular Carbolithiation‐Lithium/Zinc Transmetallation and Applications to Carbon−Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Yus Miguel , Ortiz Rosa 
Published: August 2004

AbstractLithium/zinc transmetallation with the cyclic organolithium intermediate 3 (prepared by intramolecular carbolithiation of the initially formed organolithium 2) gives the corresponding organozinc intermediate 5. Copper‐ or palladium‐promoted SN2′ reactions between compound 5 and allylic or propargylic halides, as well as arylation, vinylation, benzylation, acylation, and conjugate addition to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, afford (after hydrolysis) the expected compounds 7−15, which are not accessible directly from the organolithium precursor 3 even with transition metal catalysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Unsubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles from Nonactivated Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Jin Tienan , Kamijo Shin , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe [3+2] cycloaddition of nonactivated terminal alkynes and trimethylsilyl azide proceeded smoothly in the presence of CuI catalyst and DMF/MeOH, to give the corresponding N‐unsubstituted triazoles in good to high yields. The reaction most probably proceeds through the in situ formation of a copper acetylide species and hydrazoic acid, followed by a successive [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Molecular “Iron Maidens”: Ultrashort Nonbonded Contacts in Cyclophanes and Other Crowded Molecules (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 17/2004)
Authors: Pascal, Robert A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe cover picture shows the last step in the synthesis of an in‐cyclophane. Like the medieval “iron maiden”, an instrument of torture in which the closing of a spiked door impaled a victim, the final ring closure forces a functional group into the face of a benzene ring. Details are discussed in the Microreview by R. A. Pascal, Jr. on p. 3763 ff.
Disposable twin gold electrodes for amperometric detection in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Richter Eduardo M. , Fracassi da Silva José A. , Gutz Ivano G. Rolf , do Lago Claudimir L. , Angnes Lúcio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe describe a simple and easy way to construct gold microelectrodes for amperometric detection in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The gold microelectrodes, in single or twin sets, were obtained from recordable compact discs (gold‐sputtered type), which present highly reproducible surface characteristics. The performance of these electrodes was evaluated by using a home‐made CE equipment. The basic steps for the electrode construction are: drawing on a microcomputer; laser printing of the design on wax paper; heat‐transfer of the toner onto the gold surface of a peeled recordable compact disc (CD‐R); etching of the gold layer from unprinted regions; removal of the toner with a solvent; sealing of unused electrode areas with varnish. One electrode at a time was connected to a potentiostat (or two, to a bipotentiostat) and operated in a wall jet configuration relative to the CE capillary outlet. The amperometric signals were integrated for quantification purposes. Repetitive injections (n = 10) of a mixture containing iodide, ascorbic acid, dipyrone, and acetaminophen (20, 200, 500, and 100 μM), presented relative standard deviations of 2.9, 4.5, 6.1, and 4.0%, respectively. For these analytes, the detection limits (S/N = 3, 30 s of 100 mm hydrodynamic injection) were 0.1, 0.5, 3.1, and 1.1 μM, respectively.