bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of impulsivity in the association between rumination and cannabis‐related problems among trauma‐exposed cannabis users
Authors: Le Jennifer U. , Deguzman Regine M. , Schmidt Norman B. , Short Nicole A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesThe Emotional Cascade Model posits that rumination is associated with impulsivity and risky behaviours such as substance use. Although trauma‐exposed individuals often engage in rumination and problematic cannabis use, this model has not been tested on trauma‐exposed cannabis users. Therefore, our study examines the direct and indirect effects between rumination and its subtypes with problematic cannabis use among trauma‐exposed cannabis users. We also examine how these associations occur through impulsivity.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 56 trauma‐exposed young adult cannabis users (Mage = 21 years, 59% female, 73% white) self‐reported rumination, impulsivity, and cannabis‐related problems. All participants provided written informed consent, and procedures were approved by the university's Institutional Review Board and pre‐registered.ResultsRegression analyses indicated total and brooding rumination were related to greater cannabis‐related problems, after covarying for number of traumas and cannabis use frequency. Rumination, specifically brooding, was incrementally associated with greater cannabis‐related problems and had an indirect effect on cannabis‐related problems through impulsivity. Consistent with hypothesis, rumination and impulsivity were incrementally associated with greater problematic cannabis use among trauma‐exposed cannabis users.ConclusionThe current study expands work on the Emotional Cascade Model by supporting the indirect effect of impulsivity in the association between rumination and problematic cannabis use.
The Influence of Litter Diversity on Leaf Breakdown and the Colonization of Decomposer Communities in Subtropical Highland Grassland Streams
Authors: de Souza Rezende Renan , da Silva Moretti Marcelo , Cararo Emanuel Rampanelli , Pandolpho Kiffer Walace , da Costa Larissa Corteletti , Tonin Alan M. , Gonçalves Junior José Francisco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLitter diversity can enhance leaf breakdown through selective effects when driven by a particular species or specific leaf chemical characteristics. We analyzed the influence of leaf mixtures on leaf breakdown and associated decomposers in a highland grassland stream that receives low‐diversity leaf inputs. We incubated leaves of Ocotea diospyrifolia, Nectandra megapotamica, Myrcia eugenioides, and Miconia flammea in coarse mesh litter bags containing a leaf mixture of the four species, as well as leaves of each species in single treatments (6 streams × 3 replicates × 5 treatments = 90 sampling units). We found that leaves in single treatments had higher breakdown rates than the mixed treatment, suggesting that increased litter diversity did not positively influence leaf breakdown in highland grassland streams. Adaptations of decomposer assemblages to poorly structured riparian vegetation may have outweighed the potential effects of litter diversity. We found higher importance of leaf quality, measured by nutrient content, in driving leaf breakdown, with the effect of litter diversity on leaf breakdown rates depending on individual leaf chemical characteristics. Despite the lack of litter diversity positive effects on breakdown rates, the mixture treatment showed higher diversity of fungi and invertebrate decomposers. The leaf mixture may have increased habitat structure but reduced the number of individuals due to increased resource heterogeneity, favoring specialists. Functional feeding groups exhibited the expected patterns for their feeding strategies, with shredders benefiting from litter diversity and scrapers preferring single leaf treatments. Overall, riparian vegetation diversity was not crucial for organic matter processing but positively influenced decomposer diversity.
Disaster, appropriation, and displacement in the Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Roy Dayabati 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHow do we understand a disaster? How do we interpret the aftermath of a disaster, anyway? This article draws on my ethnographic fieldwork to understand what constitutes a disaster and how preexisting social conditions shaped events in the wake of Cyclone Aila in South Asia in May 2009. The people who received relief following this disaster engaged in discrimination, something that has become palpable through the frame of disaster. At the same instant, multiple forms of power at different levels materialised; aware of the dynamics of the crisis, actors have strategically used the disaster to strengthen their positions in the name of ‘building back better’. I show how these phenomena are linked with the consequences of disaster. The paper explains how people's attitudes towards the state and vice versa shape patterns of land use and forms of resource extraction, thereby intensifying resource‐related hazards in the hinterlands of the Indian Sundarbans.
Boolean trust in levels of government: the case of household emergency preparedness
Authors: Robinson Scott , Choi Junghwa , McNair Clinton 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnexpected and often severe weather has taxed community capacities. Convincing households to prepare by developing emergency plans, keeping necessary supplies, and investing in home upgrades, to name a few, has been a focus of many public campaigns related to extreme weather. Essentially, these programmes are exercises in persuasion. What, then, characterises such a campaign that is likely to be successful in this act of persuasion? Recent work has found that household preparedness may be related to trust in government, as a key emergency information provider, although the evidence is mixed. In this article, we argue that the mixed evidence scholars have found may come from the measurement of trust in government. Our statistical analysis shows that increases in minimum trust in levels of government decreases household preparedness for tornadoes. The finding highlights the importance of augmenting and restoring social trust (in addition to trust in government) to produce better emergency management outcomes in the United States.
MiniMed 780G system performance in older users with type 1 diabetes: Real‐world evidence and the case for stricter glycaemic targets
Authors: Smaniotto Vittorino , Heller Simon , O'Neal David , Jendle Johan , Cukierman‐Yaffe Tali , Arrieta Arcelia , Thijs Isabeau , Castañeda Javier , van den Heuvel Tim , Cohen Ohad 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsLarge‐scale studies on the effectiveness of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in older people with type 1 diabetes are still limited. A multinational, retrospective, real‐world study was conducted to examine the performance of the MiniMed™ 780G advanced hybrid closed‐loop system in users with type 1 diabetes aged ≥56 years compared with those aged 16–55 years.Materials and MethodsData from 35 366 MiniMed™ 780G system users aged 16–55 years and 7415 users aged ≥56 years were included. The main outcome was time in range 70–180 mg/dL (TIR); other continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics were also assessed.ResultsAcross all users, mean TIR was 77.1% for users aged ≥56 years and 73.1% for those aged 16–55 years (Δ4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–4.2, p <0.0001). In users employing the optimal system settings (i.e., Glucose Target: 100 mg/dL; active insulin time: 2 h), mean TIR was 81.9% in older and 79.7% in younger users (Δ2.2, 95% CI: 1.5–2.9, p <0.0001). Across all users, mean time below range <70 mg/dL (TBR70) was 1.5% in older and 2.1% in younger users. In older users, TIR and TBR70 remained consistent over 12 months.ConclusionsThis real‐world analysis demonstrated that older MiniMed™ 780G system users with type 1 diabetes can achieve a TIR >70% without increasing hypoglycaemia risk. Users employing optimal settings showed the best outcomes. The system performed as well as or better than in younger users. These findings support the case that more stringent TIR targets can be achieved safely.
Zoonotic Host Richness in the Global Wildland–Urban Interface
Authors: Simkin Rohan D. , Han Barbara A. , Radeloff Volker C. , LaDeau Shannon , Schug Franz , Seto Karen C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhere human settlements abut or intermix with wildlands, people may encounter animals that host zoonotic pathogens which can spillover to cause human disease. Known as the wildland–urban interface (WUI), this zone occupies around 5% of the Earth's surface and is home to 3.5 billion people. The rapid spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 has demonstrated the importance of understanding risk factors for disease among an increasingly urbanized population. However, the contribution of the WUI to zoonotic disease risk is poorly understood. Here, we show that low‐level host richness occurs throughout most of the global WUI, and 20% of the human WUI population live in zones of particularly high zoonotic potential, where more than 20 host species could occur. Zones of high zoonotic potential are concentrated in low–middle‐income countries (LMICs) across equatorial Africa, Brazil, Central America, and Southeast Asia where vulnerability is further elevated by widespread poverty, inadequate housing, and lack of easily accessible healthcare. Three of four people living in WUIs with high host richness (520 million people) are in LMICs. Of this population, 35% (183 million) live in and around cities in West, East, and South Africa. This means that WUI‐based populations of LMICs may face the double threat of high zoonotic potential and vulnerability to disease. Our results identify global priorities for monitoring exposure to zoonotic diseases in the rapidly expanding WUI.
Reducing Fire Severity and Extent Bolsters Subalpine Forest Resilience to Global Change Through Key Demographic Pathways
Authors: Perret Daniel L. , Bell David M. , Zald Harold S. J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHigh‐elevation subalpine forests are experiencing rapid changes in climatic conditions, biological disturbances, and wildfire regimes. Despite this, evidence is mixed as to whether they will undergo major ecological transformation or be resilient to a confluence of global change drivers. Here we use subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and Englemann spruce (Picea engelmannii), which form co‐dominant forests through much of the western United States, to investigate how species' demographic responses to global change influence forest community‐wide resilience. We do this by adapting and building on an existing framework for post‐disturbance ecological reorganization. With forest inventory data from the United States Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, we quantify population trends for subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce across their joint distribution and organize them in a new conceptual framework for categorizing forest community trajectories. We then build hierarchical Bayesian demographic models of subalpine fir and Engelmann spruce mortality, regeneration, and recruitment as functions of climate, disturbance extent and severity, and forest structural predictors. We bring demographic predictions together in a multinomial classification model to quantify how combinations of demographic rates influence overall forest community trajectories. Finally, we apply future climate and disturbance scenarios to our demographic models to explore how subalpine forest resilience may change in the future. We found strong negative relationships between the demography of both species and disturbance extent and severity, and climatic responses in line with an energy‐limited forest system. Future scenario model predictions indicate that reducing wildfire extent and severity can greatly bolster overall subalpine forest resilience; the preferred way to do this will vary according to fire history, forest type, biophysical setting, and land tenure. Opportunities for high‐impact management interventions are concentrated in the northern Rocky Mountains, with centers of ongoing resilience in parts of the Oregon and Washington Cascades.
An Attention‐Based Deep Neural Network Model to Detect Cis‐Regulatory Elements at the Single‐Cell Level From Multi‐Omics Data
Authors: Murakami Ken , Iida Keita , Okada Mariko 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCis‐regulatory elements (cREs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and determining cell differentiation and state transitions. To capture the heterogeneous transitions of cell states associated with these processes, detecting cRE activity at the single‐cell level is essential. However, current analytical methods can only capture the average behavior of cREs in cell populations, thereby obscuring cell‐specific variations. To address this limitation, we proposed an attention‐based deep neural network framework that integrates DNA sequences, genomic distances, and single‐cell multi‐omics data to detect cREs and their activities in individual cells. Our model shows higher accuracy in identifying cREs within single‐cell multi‐omics data from healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells than other existing methods. Furthermore, it clusters cells more precisely based on predicted cRE activities, enabling a finer differentiation of cell states. When applied to publicly available single‐cell data from patients with glioma, the model successfully identified tumor‐specific SOX2 activity. Additionally, it revealed the heterogeneous activation of the ZEB1 transcription factor, a regulator of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition‐related genes, which conventional methods struggle to detect. Overall, our model is a powerful tool for detecting cRE regulation at the single‐cell level, which may contribute to revealing drug resistance mechanisms in cell sub‐populations.
Task Shifting, eHealth and Shared Decision‐Making—Preference Heterogeneity in the Adult Population for Developments in Outpatient Primary Healthcare
Authors: Föhn Zora 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionConsiderable changes in primary outpatient healthcare can be expected in the coming years due to various trends observed in Western countries, such as an ageing population, an increasing number of patients with chronic illnesses, GP shortages, a trend towards patient‐centred care and the digitalization of healthcare. Knowing the population's preferences and subgroup preferences in these developments helps policymakers make healthcare delivery more responsive to patients' needs.MethodsPrimary data were collected using a representative sample of the adult Swiss population in the fall of 2020. Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) were conducted, where one of the DCEs included an acute health problem and another a routine examination. In the survey, respondents were shown five different choice tasks, each containing two hypothetical alternatives for primary outpatient healthcare models. They were asked to choose their preferred alternative for each choice task. The DCEs enabled the measurement of the population's preferences for nine attributes of primary outpatient healthcare that are currently under discussion (e.g., task shifting, new technology in healthcare and shared decision‐making). The data were analysed using panel latent class logit models (LCA) to determine preference heterogeneity and relative importance scores for the attributes.ResultsData from 4745 respondents were included in the analysis. The LCA indicated two classes for acute health problem and three classes for routine examination, with varying latent preference structures. Both DCEs showed similar preference patterns: for one class with younger and more educated respondents, health insurance premium development was most important, followed by participation in decision‐making, whereas having a doctor as the health professional was less important. Another class with older and less educated people attached more importance to personal continuity of care and the health professionals being a medical doctor.ConclusionYounger and more highly educated people are more open to current developments in outpatient primary healthcare, such as task shifting, than older and less educated people, especially if this reduces their health insurance premiums in return.Patient or Public ContributionThe public was involved in the design of the DCE and as the respondents of the survey used in this article.
Locating the Professional Cook: An Historical and Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Hilton Jed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHistorical scholarship on the topics of food, cooking, and eating has flourished in recent years. Within this growing body of literature, chefs have recently been introduced as a legitimate subject of historical investigation. However, to date, no clear theoretical or methodological model has been developed to study this underutilised and under‐theorised historical subject. Drawing upon anthropological readings of history, this article aims to provide a theoretical framework for the historical analysis of professional cooks. It suggests that, when examined from a cultural perspective, professional cooks are unique subjects of historical investigation that act as a window onto broader cultural and social transformations of the specific contexts in which they are embedded. The intention of this article is to bring thematic and methodological clarity to the category of professional cooks and reflect on the analytical utility that they can bring for cultural historians.
Initial public offering over‐issuance and a firm's acquisition behavior: Evidence from China
Authors: Huyghebaert Nancy , Liu Ting , Wang Lihong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe analyze the relation between initial public offering (IPO) over‐issuance and a firm's subsequent acquisition decisions. We find that newly listed firms are more likely to engage in merge & acquisitions (M&As) and initiate more and larger‐sized M&As after raising more excess cash in their IPO. Additionally, this IPO over‐issuance is negatively associated with the newly listed firm's post‐acquisition stock performance. Moreover, Type I (principal‐agent) and Type II (principal‐principal) agency problems explain those relations. The negative relation between IPO over‐issuance and stock performance is exacerbated for companies that have made large and industry‐diversifying M&As. Further analyses reveal that acquirers who raised more excess cash in their IPO prefer to pay for their M&As entirely in cash.
Temporal Dynamics of Immune Response Signalling in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Infected With Largemouth Bass Virus
Authors: Chu Xin , Chen Jing , Lin Lingyun , Yao Jiayun , Huang Lei , Gao Mingyue , Shen Jinyu , Pan Xiaoyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe largemouth bass virus (LMBV) significantly impacts Chinese largemouth bass aquaculture. The molecular mechanisms regulating LMBV virulence and the gene responses stimulated in the host during infection remain unclear. This study investigates the transcriptional dynamics and signalling pathways activated during the immune response to LMBV by analysing the transcriptome of head kidney tissues at 1, 4, 7, and 28 days post‐infection (dpi) using RNA sequencing. Histopathological and viral load analyses indicated early tissue disruption, followed by extensive recovery by 28 dpi. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), combined with Venn analysis of samples at 1, 4, and 7 dpi, identified significant and common genes. Early infection triggered robust innate immunity through activation of the RIG‐I like receptor and cGAS‐STING signalling pathways, which activated type I interferons (IFNs) and interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs). Later stages indicated activation of adaptive immune responses. Validation of randomly selected genes via RT‐qPCR confirmed the RNA‐seq results, showing consistent expression patterns. This comprehensive study offers new insights into the sustained innate and adaptive immune responses to LMBV.
Use and Discontinuation Rates of Long‐Acting Injectable Antipsychotics Between Race/Ethnicity in Older Adults Using Medicaid Databases
Authors: Cassara Christopher M. , Xu Jianing , Hall Daniel B. , Chen Xianyan , Young Henry N. , Caballero Joshua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to assess the prescribing patterns of long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in an older adult population. Secondary objectives were to determine if there were differences in treatment discontinuation rates between different LAI agents and race/ethnicity.MethodsMerative MarketScan Multi‐State Medicaid Databases (2017–2021) were used to identify patients 65 years or older who were prescribed a LAI antipsychotic. Pharmacy claims for LAI antipsychotics were referenced via National Drug Code (NDC) by brand/generic name and dose. International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD‐10) codes were used to identify older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal or schizoaffective disorders. Those with dementia or related disorders were censored. Conditional associations between race/ethnicity and generation of LAI antipsychotics were investigated using logistic regression controlling for age, sex, and health plan. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare the distribution of time until treatment discontinuation among older adults across LAI antipsychotics.ResultsA total of 526 older adults (59% female) with an average age of 70.4 ± 5.5 years met inclusion for analysis. The most commonly used LAI antipsychotics included paliperidone palmitate‐1 month formulation (~35%), haloperidol decanoate (~24%), and risperidone microspheres (~15%). Overall, approximately 32% received LAI first‐generation antipsychotics and 68% received LAI second generation antipsychotics. Blacks (n = 204) received LAI first‐generation antipsychotics more often than Whites (n = 283); (OR: 1.74, 95% [1.18, 2.56], p < 0.01). When controlling for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, LAI first‐generation antipsychotics showed earlier discontinuation rates compared to LAI second‐generation antipsychotics (HR: 2.12, 95% CI [1.45, 3.10], p < 0.001).ConclusionsLAI first‐generation antipsychotics showed treatment discontinuation significantly earlier compared to LAI second‐generation antipsychotics. Furthermore, Blacks were prescribed LAI first‐generation antipsychotics at a higher rate than Whites, which may contribute to poorer health outcomes. Futures studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.