bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying CO2 Emissions From Smaller Anthropogenic Point Sources Using OCO‐2 Target and OCO‐3 Snapshot Area Mapping Mode Observations
Authors: Moeini Omid , Nassar Ray , Mastrogiacomo Jon‐Paul , Dawson Megan , O’Dell Christopher W. , Nelson Robert R. , Chatterjee Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe quantify CO2 emissions from smaller anthropogenic point sources compared with earlier satellite studies, which have mostly focused on mid‐sized (∼10 MtCO2/year) and larger fossil fuel burning power plants. Two types of Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) observation modes are used: OCO‐2 Target mode and OCO‐3 Snapshot Area Mapping (SAM) mode. Methods previously used with OCO‐3 SAMs are adapted to quantify CO2 emissions with OCO‐2 Targets for the first time, demonstrating a similar capability to track emission changes at the Bełchatów Power Station. SAMs and Targets are then applied to quantify emissions from smaller sources in Canada: the Boundary Dam and Poplar River Power Stations in Saskatchewan, and the Suncor and Syncrude Mildred Lake mined oil sands processing facilities in northern Alberta. We verify our method on the nearby Colstrip Power Station in Montana by comparison with hourly reported values. For Canadian sources, only annual emissions are reported, to which our emission estimates cannot be directly compared. Emissions derived from a single satellite overpass correspond to daily or finer temporal scales and thus do not account for source intermittency or variability, which requires multiple revisits to reliably estimate annual emissions. Finally, we average OCO‐3 SAMs on repeated revisits to improve weak enhancement signals above background noise. Averaging SAMs yields mixed results, with improvements achieved only under certain conditions. These studies help to clarify the capabilities and limitations of CO2 point source emission quantification with current satellites in advance of plans for operational monitoring with future CO2 satellite missions.
Finding gaps in the national electric vehicle charging station coverage of the United States
Authors: Hanig Lily , Ledna Catherine , Nock Destenie , Harper Corey D. , Yip Arthur , Wood Eric , Spurlock C. Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The United States federal government has invested $7.5 billion into charging infrastructure, including the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Program, to build fast charging stations along designated highways for long-distance car travel. We develop a consecutive coverage metric to compute the percent of United States roads (traffic-weighted) that are consecutively accessible within 500 miles of each county. We answer (1) what the state of consecutive coverage is in each county and (2) what the increase in coverage is when designated highways receive fast chargers. In 2023, 10% of counties had at least 75% minimum viable coverage. We find that if all designated highways receive fast-charging stations, 94% of United States counties will reach at least 75% fast charger coverage. However, the remaining counties are rural. This demonstrates that federal funding for fast chargers will help connect most—but not all—counties to the national network of continuously accessible charging stations.
Genetic coupling of enhancer activity and connectivity in gene expression control
Authors: Ray-Jones Helen , Sung Chak Kei , Chan Lai Ting , Haglund Alexander , Artemov Pavel , Della Rosa Monica , Ruje Luminita , Burden Frances , Kreuzhuber Roman , Litovskikh Anna , Weyenbergh Eline , Brusselaers Zoï , Tan Vanessa Xue Hui , Frontini Mattia , Wallace Chris , Malysheva Valeriya , Bottolo Leonardo , Vigorito Elena , Spivakov Mikhail 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gene enhancers often form long-range contacts with promoters, but it remains unclear if the activity of enhancers and their chromosomal contacts are mediated by the same DNA sequences and recruited factors. Here, we study the effects of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) on enhancer activity and promoter contacts in primary monocytes isolated from 34 male individuals. Using eQTL-Capture Hi-C and a Bayesian approach considering both intra- and inter-individual variation, we initially detect 19 eQTLs associated with enhancer-eGene promoter contacts, most of which also associate with enhancer accessibility and activity. Capitalising on these shared effects, we devise a multi-modality Bayesian strategy, identifying 629 “trimodal QTLs” jointly associated with enhancer accessibility, eGene promoter contact, and gene expression. Causal mediation analysis and CRISPR interference reveal causal relationships between these three modalities. Many detected QTLs overlap disease susceptibility loci and influence the predicted binding of myeloid transcription factors, including SPI1, GABPB and STAT3. Additionally, a variant associated with PCK2 promoter contact directly disrupts a CTCF binding motif and impacts promoter insulation from downstream enhancers. Jointly, our findings suggest an inherent genetic coupling of enhancer activity and connectivity in gene expression control relevant to human disease and highlight the regulatory role of genetically determined chromatin boundaries.
A systematic review and meta-analyses of the temporal stability and convergent validity of risk preference measures
Authors: Bagaïni Alexandra , Liu Yunrui , Kapoor Madlaina , Son Gayoung , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Tisdall Loreen , Mata Rui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding whether risk preference represents a stable, coherent trait is central to efforts aimed at explaining, predicting and preventing risk-related behaviours. We help characterize the nature of the construct by adopting a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analytic approach to summarize the temporal stability of 358 risk preference measures (33 panels, 57 samples, 579,114 respondents). Our findings reveal noteworthy heterogeneity across and within measure categories (propensity, frequency and behaviour), domains (for example, investment, occupational and alcohol consumption) and sample characteristics (for example, age). Specifically, while self-reported propensity and frequency measures of risk preference show a higher degree of stability than behavioural measures, these patterns are moderated by domain and age. Crucially, an analysis of convergent validity reveals a low agreement across measures, questioning the idea that they capture the same underlying phenomena. Our results raise concerns about the coherence and measurement of the risk preference construct.
Scrutinizing the untapped potential of emerging ABSe3 (A = Ca, Ba; B = Zr, Hf) chalcogenide perovskites solar cells
Authors: Srinivasan Dhineshkumar , Rasu Chettiar Aruna-Devi , Vincent Mercy Eupsy Navis , Marasamy Latha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
ABS3chalcogenide perovskites (CPs) are emerging as promising alternatives to lead halide perovskites due to their unique properties. However, their bandgap exceeds the Shockley-Queisser limit. By substituting S with Se, the bandgap is significantly reduced, shifting it from the visible into the near-infrared region. Hence, we have investigated the potential of Se-based absorbers with device structure FTO/TiO2/ABSe3 (A = Ca, Ba; B = Zr, Hf)/NiO/Au using SCAPS-1D. We analyzed the critical parameters impacting each layer of the solar cell. Notably, we achieved an enhanced light absorption (~ 26.5%) at an optimal absorber thickness (500 nm), intensifying carrier generation. Additionally, we observed an increase in VOC (1.03 V) due to improved quasi-Fermi level splitting and a reduction in energy loss (0.45 V) across all solar cells with an optimal absorber carrier concentration (1016 cm−3). Overall, the optimization resulted in improvements in PCE by the difference of 20.14%, 20.44%, 14.33%, and 14.56% for CaZrSe3, BaZrSe3, CaHfSe3, and BaHfSe3 solar cells, respectively. The maximum PCE of over 30% was attained for both CaZrSe3and BaZrSe3 solar cells, attributed to their narrow bandgap, enhanced light absorption (53.60%), high JSC (29 mA/cm2), and elevated generation rate of 1.19 × 1022 cm−2s−1. Thus, these significant outcomes highlight the potential of these absorbers for fabricating high-efficiency CP solar cells.
Evaluation of auditory alerting systems for safe electric scooter operations
Authors: Walton Tim , Torija Antonio J. , Hughes Richard J. , Elliott Andy S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is well understood that a significant shift away from fossil fuel based transportation is necessary to limit the impacts of the climate crisis. Electric micromobility modes, such as electric scooters and electric bikes, have the potential to offer a lower-emission alternative to journeys made with internal combustion engine vehicles, and such modes of transport are becoming increasingly commonplace on our streets. Although offering advantages such as reduced air pollution and greater personal mobility, the widespread approval and uptake of electric micromobility is not without its challenges. Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of such vehicles, most notably related to pedestrian safety of blind and partially sighted individuals, due to the inherently lower sound levels produced by electric vehicles. This study addresses this issue by investigating the use of an Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS) for electric scooters by means of a virtual reality experiment and field trials. Eighty-eight participants from four European countries, including thirty-five blind or partially sighted individuals participated across the experiments. Results show high missed detection rates for electric scooter operations without an AVAS in typical city soundscapes (90–97%) and an increase in detectability for all AVAS conditions tested. Modifying AVAS sounds with playback rate and level changes with respect to operational state facilitates detection of deceleration, as well as improving detectability in multiple vehicle scenarios.
Rural-urban transformation shapes oasis agriculture in Morocco’s High Atlas Mountains
Authors: Boubou Youness , Fastner Kira , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional agricultural activities and rural livelihoods in Morocco’s High Atlas Mountains are rapidly changing. This is triggered by increasing rural-urban interactions and new livelihood opportunities in cities. A typical example is the oasis of Tizi N’Oucheg in the country’s High Atlas Mountains, which over centuries was largely self-sufficient in food grain and livestock production. Improved infrastructure and better connections to distant urban centers have caused declining livelihood reliance on agricultural activities and enhanced dependence on remittances and the tourism sector in the region. Based on the case of Tizi N’Oucheg, this study aims at assessing the socio-economic and ecological implications of rural-urban transformation for ancient oasis systems in Morocco. Surveys on agricultural practices, census, and meteorological data were combined with GIS (Geographical Information System) -based analyses to examine land use and cropping pattern changes of 625 fields from 1967 to 2022. For the GIS analyses, historical aerial images, multispectral satellite images, and drone-based surveys were used to generate manually classified agricultural fields and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) time series. Our results show a major decline in cultivated land from 13 ha to 6.8 ha over the past 50 years accompanied by an expansion of modern infrastructure since the 2000s. Land management has shifted from labor-intensive multiple cropping and natural fertilization to monocropping of barley for local livestock feeding and increased application of mineral fertilization. The challenging geography of the oasis increased the hardship of practicing traditional agriculture, and therefore largely determines the response of the community to rural-urban transformation. Our data also highlight the increased financial dependence of rural populations on urban centers and the demise of traditional, sustainable agriculture in Morocco’s High Atlas Mountains if policies on agricultural development are not adapted to rural circumstances.
Piezoelectric biosensor with dissipation monitoring enables the analysis of bacterial lytic agent activity
Authors: Obořilová Radka , Kučerová Eliška , Botka Tibor , Vaisocherová-Lísalová Hana , Skládal Petr , Farka Zdeněk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus pose a significant threat in healthcare, demanding urgent therapeutic solutions. Combining bacteriophages with conventional antibiotics, an innovative approach termed phage-antibiotic synergy, presents a promising treatment avenue. However, to enable new treatment strategies, there is a pressing need for methods to assess their efficacy reliably and rapidly. Here, we introduce a novel approach for real-time monitoring of pathogen lysis dynamics employing the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with dissipation (QCM-D) technique. The sensor, a QCM chip modified with the bacterium S. aureus RN4220 ΔtarM, was utilized to monitor the activity of the enzyme lysostaphin and the phage P68 as model lytic agents. Unlike conventional QCM solely measuring resonance frequency changes, our study demonstrates that dissipation monitoring enables differentiation of bacterial growth and lysis caused by cell-attached lytic agents. Compared to reference turbidimetry measurements, our results reveal distinct alterations in the growth curve of the bacteria adhered to the sensor, characterized by a delayed lag phase. Furthermore, the dissipation signal analysis facilitated the precise real-time monitoring of phage-mediated lysis. Finally, the QCM-D biosensor was employed to evaluate the synergistic effect of subinhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic amoxicillin with the bacteriophage P68, enabling monitoring of the lysis of P68-resistant wild-type strain S. aureus RN4220. Our findings suggest that this synergy also impedes the formation of bacterial aggregates, the precursors of biofilm formation. Overall, this method brings new insights into phage-antibiotic synergy, underpinning it as a promising strategy against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains with broad implications for treatment and prevention.
HER2 expression and pathway status in male breast cancer patients: results of an integrated analysis among 6,150 patients
Authors: Lyu Boqiang , Zhao Shidi , Wang Hui , Gong Shouping , Wang Biyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The role of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) in male breast cancer (MBC) is poorly defined. A comprehensive description of HER2 status was conducted. A total of 6,015 MBC patients from 45 studies and 135 MBC patients with sequencing data were identified. HER2 positive rates and hazard ratios (HR) for overall survival (OS) were combined using Metaprop. The prevalence of HER2 + MBC was 10.0% (95% CI: 8.0-13.0%). Subgroup analyses showed that 7% (95% CI: 2.0-14.0%) had HER2 + protein overexpression. 10% of MBC patients had HER2 + overexpression and/or gene amplification. Asian MBC patients had the highest HER2 + incidence of 17% (95% CI: 12.0-22.0%). The prevalence of HER2 positive MBC fluctuated widely from 2001 to 2015 and then stabilized at 10%. HER2 positivity was significantly correlated with worse OS than negative ones (HR = 1.92, 1.47–2.51). The proportion of HER2 + MBC was inconsistent with the results for the intrinsic HER2-enriched subtype. Altered genes in HER2 + MBC, such as ERBB2, AGO2, RECQL4, and CLTC, were not detected in HER2-MBC. Genomic analysis revealed differences between the patients with HER2 + MBC and those with HER2 + FBC. The percentage of HER2 + MBC was slightly lower than that of women. Multiple approaches may be needed to jointly assess HER2 status in MBC.
Research on the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions based on the dual perspectives of carbon emission reduction and carbon efficiency
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Liang , Lu Yifu , Chang Ming , Xiao Yi , Yang Haonan , Kong Deyuan , Zhang Lili 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
China’s digital economy is currently thriving, with the “dual carbon” targets representing a significant pursuit of economic development. The role of the digital economy in achieving these targets warrants detailed discussion. Using urban panel data from China spanning 2011 to 2021, this paper empirically examines the impact of the digital economy on urban carbon emissions. The findings reveal several key points: Firstly, the digital economy significantly reduces urban carbon emissions and enhances efficiency, a conclusion that remains valid after a series of robustness checks. Secondly, there is a notable structural effect, with different dimensions of the digital economy exhibiting varying impacts on urban emission reduction and efficiency enhancement. Thirdly, green economic efficiency and green technological innovation are crucial mechanisms through which the digital economy facilitates urban carbon emission reduction and efficiency improvement, operating through green development and innovation channels. Fourthly, industrial structure upgrading is a key nonlinear factor reducing the digital economy’s impact on carbon reduction, while the digital economy’s effect on urban carbon efficiency shows a U-shaped pattern. Lastly, the impact of the digital economy on urban carbon emissions displays significant heterogeneity across cities of different locations, tiers, and characteristics.
High-density electromyography for effective gesture-based control of physically assistive mobile manipulators
Authors: Yang Jehan , Shibata Kent , Weber Douglas , Erickson Zackory 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High-density electromyography (HDEMG) can detect myoelectric activity as control inputs to a variety of electronically-controlled devices. Furthermore, HDEMG sensors may be built into a variety of clothing, allowing for a non-intrusive myoelectric interface that is integrated into a user’s routine. In our work, we introduce an easily-producible HDEMG device that interfaces with the control of a mobile manipulator to perform a range of household and physically assistive tasks. Mobile manipulators can operate throughout the home and are applicable for a spectrum of assistive and daily tasks in the home. We evaluate the use of real-time myoelectric gesture recognition using our device to enable precise control over the intricate mobility and manipulation functionalities of an 8 degree-of-freedom mobile manipulator. Our evaluation, involving 13 participants engaging in challenging self-care and household activities, demonstrates the potential of our wearable HDEMG system to control a mobile manipulator in the home.
Near‐infrared tuneable filter based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals
Authors: Zeng Ruimei , Bi Rongbo , Zhu Junyang , Huang Xuming , Wang Qi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDynamic filtering is crucial in various applications, including imaging, communication, and biological detection. With advancements in micro‐nano device fabrication, there is a growing demand for enhanced filtering performance. This paper presents a near‐infrared single‐wavelength tuneable filter that utilizes polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal combined with a Fabry–Perot resonant cavity. The device achieves a transmittance of 99% at 927 nm with a 24 nm full width at half maximum. Utilizing the electro‐optical tuneable properties of dielectric layer, the transmission wavelength can be tuned from 913 to 969 nm by altering external voltage to it, resulting in a wavelength shift of 56 nm while maintaining high transmittance. This structure provides a reference for the dynamic control of light sensors and near‐infrared dynamic imaging.
Time-integrated polarizations in the prompt phase of gamma-ray bursts via the multi-window interpretation
Authors: Wang X. , Lan M. X. , Tang Q. W. , Wu X. F. , Dai Z. G. 
Published: January 2025

Aims. We used multi-window observations, including the light curve and evolutions of the spectral peak energy (Ep), the polarization degree (PD), and the polarization angle (PA), to infer the model parameters for predicting the time-integrated PD in the prompt phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).
Methods. We selected 23 GRBs that were codetected by Fermi/GBM and polarization detectors (i.e., GAP, POLAR, and AstroSat). In our multi-window fitting, the light curve, Ep curve, PD curve, and PA curve were interpreted simultaneously under the synchrotron radiation model in ordered magnetic fields (i.e., the aligned-field case and the toroidal-field case).
Results. For bursts with strong (∼90°) PA rotations, the predicted time-integrated PD of the aligned-field case roughly matches the corresponding observed best-fit value, while it is higher for the toroidal-field case. For bursts without strong (∼90°) PA rotation(s), the predicted PDs of the aligned-field case and the toroidal-field case are comparable and can interpret the observational data equally well. The observed time-resolved and time-integrated PDs for GRB 170206A are comparable and are both lower than our predicted upper limits in ordered magnetic fields. This means that mixed magnetic fields, that is, magnetic fields with both ordered and random components, probably reside in the radiation regions of this burst. Except for one out of the total 23 bursts, the predicted time-integrated PDs, which are ∼44% for the aligned-field case and around 49% for the toroidal-field case, are consistent with the corresponding observed values. Consistent with previous study, the models with synchrotron radiation in ordered magnetic fields can therefore interpret most of the current polarization data within an error bar of 1σ.