bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of cancer after the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: A historical cohort study
Authors: Elbaz Alexis , Peterson Brett J. , Bower James H. , Yang Ping , Maraganore Demetrius M. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Ahlskog J. Eric , Rocca Walter A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe investigated the risk of cancer after the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) through a historical cohort study. We used the medical records‐linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify all incident cases of PD in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1976 through 1995. Patients with PD were matched by age (± 1 year) and gender to referent subjects from the same population. For 196 patients and 185 referent subjects, we ascertained the incidence of cancer through medical records abstraction between the date of diagnosis (or index date) and death, loss to follow‐up, or end of study. The risk of cancer was higher among patients than in referent subjects (relative risk [RR] = 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–2.35; P = 0.007). The RR did not change noticeably after adjustment for smoking. The increased risk was significant for nonmelanoma skin cancer (RR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.07–2.89; P = 0.03), but not for other more severe types of cancer; therefore, we cannot exclude the occurrence of a surveillance bias. Among PD patients, there was no relation between the risk of cancer and the cumulative dose of levodopa received or the use of other PD medications. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Scalable wideband speech coding using G.729 as a component
Authors: Kataoka Akitoshi , Hayashi Shinji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a scalable band‐split wideband speech coding system that uses G.729 as a component and can decode speech from even part of the 16 kbit/s encoded data. The configuration of the proposed scalable encoding is as follows. The 7‐kHz band speech signal is split into lower and upper bands, which are encoded separately. The lower band is scalably encoded at 12 kbit/s, and the upper band is encoded by CELP composed only of the noise codebook (4 kbit/s). In the lower band, the lower‐level encoder (core layer) is included in the upper‐level encoder (enhancement layer) as part of the functional element, to improve the performance of the whole lower‐band encoder. To further improve quality while retaining scalability to the core coder, an additional pitch prediction scheme is proposed in which the excitation component of the enhancement layer is used in the pitch component. Performance evaluation by objective measures and a subjective evaluation experiment for the proposed schemes, showed that the quality is greatly improved compared with the conventional method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(3): 65–74, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10555
Color Doppler flow pattern in antenatal diagnosis of unguarded tricuspid valve
Authors: Indrani S. , Vijayalakshmi R. , Suresh S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe describe an antenatally diagnosed case of unguarded tricuspid valve in a 15‐week fetus. Because of its rarity, the differentiation of this anomaly from other tricuspid valve dysplasias is difficult. Tricuspid regurgitation is the hallmark of Ebstein's anomaly and other tricuspid valve abnormalities, whereas in unguarded tricuspid orifice there is total absence of the valve, resulting in ‘to and fro’ flow across the right‐sided chambers. The color Doppler flow pattern helps in differentiating this anomaly from others. The antenatal diagnosis was confirmed on autopsy. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of different reference values of fetal blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery for predicting fetal anemia
Authors: Bartha J. L. , Illanes S. , Abdel‐Fattah S. , Hunter A. , Denbow M. , Soothill P. W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo compare different normal reference ranges of fetal blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery for predicting fetal anemia.MethodsEight reference ranges of either middle cerebral artery peak or time‐averaged mean velocities were compared using the area under the receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve for 113 fetal blood samples from 60 women at risk of fetal red blood cell alloimmunization.ResultsThe areas under the ROC curves of the different ranges were not significantly different but there were marked differences in sensitivity (range, 7.14–91.78%) and specificity (range, 31.25–96.88%) with the currently used cut‐offs. Except for Mari's range, the best theoretical cut‐offs, defined as those having the best sensitivity with the best specificity, differed from those in current use, especially when using time‐averaged mean velocity.ConclusionsAny of the previously reported reference ranges perform well in the non‐invasive prediction of fetal anemia. However, with the exception of Mari's curve, the currently employed cut‐offs for predicting fetal anemia should be changed, some of them markedly, in order to provide reliable support for clinical decisions. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Library and information science and the philosophy of science
Authors: Hjørland Birger 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to introduce the special issue of Journal of Documentation about library and information science (LIS) and the philosophy of science.Design/methodology/approachThe most important earlier collected works about metatheories and philosophies of science within LIS are listed.FindingsIt is claimed that Sweden probably is the country in which philosophy of science has the highest priority in LIS education. The plan of the guest editor was that each epistemological position should be both introduced and interpreted in a LIS context together with a review of its influence within the field and an evaluation of the pros and cons of that position. This was only an ideal plan. It is argued that it is important that such knowledge and debate are available within the LIS‐literature itself and that the answers to such questions as “What is positivism?” are not trivial ones.Originality/valueThe introduction is written to assist readers overviewing the issue and share the thoughts of the editor in planning the issue.
Competing in times of evolution and revolution
Authors: Jenkins Wyn 
Published: February 2005

PurposeIdeas from microeconomics, market‐positioning theory and resource‐based theory have been brought together to develop a framework for discussing firm competitiveness and survival.Design/methodology/approachPropositions about the nature of scale economies, time, resource imitability and customer‐perceived benefits are used to provide a basis for the analysis of firms and their markets. The structures of markets and the impact of innovation and environment on these structures are discussed.FindingsA number of hypotheses are advanced. When movements in consumer perceptions and technology are slow and predictable, leading firms may have developed enough resource capital to remain dominant. When they are not, opportunities for market leadership changes occur.Research limitations/implicationsA conclusion is that strategic management should involve the study of firms in the context of their market situation. Market‐based case studies should seek to understand how markets evolve over time by tracking changes in key variables.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines factors that firms’ managers need to take into account in order to evaluate their relationships with their competitors. How these relationships impact on industry structure and the long‐term equilibrium that would result if these relationships remain unchanged is discussed.Originality/valueA contribution to thinking about research and practical strategic management longitudinally is proposed. The approach emphasises the importance of relationships between firms and the factors that may dynamically change those relationships.
Management control systems and organizational development
Authors: Sisaye Seleshi 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to apply organizational systems perspectives to discuss the three types of organizational development (OD) and management control systems (MCS): normative, coercive and remunerative‐instrumental (utilitarian) that affect the operating performance of teams.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the effect that managerial power relations, cultural process and structural change intervention of these three types of control systems have on the formation (size, composition, and strategies), and operational activities (functions and assignment of tasks) of teams. The paper uses library archives research to study OD, MCS and teams. It has applied an organizational systems perspective that examines the effects of OD and MCS on teams' management.FindingsRecent new directions in management control systems and OD process and structural intervention strategies have transformed management accounting control systems as the new administrative control innovations mechanisms for managing teams' performance and activities in industrial organizations. Accordingly, the traditional mechanistic control approach has been substituted or replaced by organic‐based processes and structures of team‐based control systems.Practical implicationsIn organizations, the management of teams is multi‐dimensional, involving the simultaneous use of normative, remunerative and coercive control mechanisms. The paper advances the views that the effectiveness of team management in organizations is contingent upon several structural and process factors including the mix of these three types of compliance systems and the form of organizational setting, i.e. manufacturing or professional organizations.Originality/valueIn the management control literature, the management of teams has centered on normative or remunerative or coercive control systems. This paper shows that OD's cultural process and structural intervention strategies provide new directions to address these three types of management control system for teams in industrial organizations.
Automated design environment for serial industrial manipulators
Authors: Breijs Alexander , Klaassens Ben , Babuška Robert 
Published: February 2005

PurposeResulting from the need for fast and insightful modeling combined with the drawbacks of available modeling environments, provides details of work developed on an automated modelling environment.Design/methodology/approachAn automated modeling environment for serial manipulators has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink.FindingsThe manipulator configuration is defined by using a graphical user interface and the corresponding mathematical model is automatically generated. The model is exported to Matlab for analysis and control design, as well as to Simulink for simulation and verification purposes. Friction and stiction phenomena are included in the model. The simulation results can be visualized in standard plots and scopes as well as through virtual reality animations.Practical implicationsThe modeling environment has been used in the design of a control system for a seven‐degree‐of‐freedom manipulator in a tunnel‐boring machine.Originality/valueInformation on the implementation of an automated modelling environment to facilitate the simultaneous design of the configuration and the corresponding control system of serial manipulators
Optimum grasp planner and vision‐guided grasping using a three‐finger hand
Authors: Boivin E. , Sharf I. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe capability to perform dexterous operations in an autonomous manner would greatly enhance the productivity of robotic operations. In this paper, we present a new methodology for vision‐based grasping of objects or parts using a three‐finger hand as a gripper of a robotic manipulator.Design/methodology/approachThe hand employed in our work, called SARAH, was designed for robotic operations on the space station, however, the main steps of our procedure can be applied for tasks in a manufacturing environment. Our methodology involves two principal stages: automatic synthesis of grasps for planar and revolute objects with SARAH and vision‐based pose estimation of the object to be grasped. For both stages, we assume that a model of the object is available off‐line.FindingsIn the paper, numerical results are presented for grasp synthesis of several objects with SARAH to demonstrate the feasibility and optimality of the synthesized grasps. Experimental results are also obtained with SARAH as the end‐effector of a seven‐degree‐of‐freedom robotic arm, demonstrating the feasibility of the integrated vision‐based grasping.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology described in the paper, although represents a substantial step towards automated grasping with a robotic manipulator, still requires some decision making from the user. Further work can improve the pose identification aspects of the algorithm to make them more robust and free of human intervention. As well, the grasp synthesis procedure can be expanded to handle more complex and possibly moving objects, as well as to allow for different grasp types than those considered here.Practical implicationsThe work demonstrates feasibility of autonomous grasp execution in industrial setting by using a three‐finger hand as a robotic gripper.Originality/valueThe results presented in the paper demonstrate the feasibility of synthesising optimised grasps which take into account the kinematics of the gripper. We also demonstrate a real implementation of vision‐based grasping by using a robotic manipulator with a three‐finger hand.
Promotional planning in UK regional shopping centres: an exploratory study
Authors: Warnaby Gary , Man Yip Kit 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe need for a more overt marketing orientation within planned shopping centres in the UK has been noted by various authors. However, the management orientation of planned shopping centres has been described as property‐ rather than customer‐led. This article considers the role of marketing for planned shopping centres, with particular reference to regional shopping centres (RSCs). The emphasis of marketing activity in this context is primarily promotional, and the process by which promotional activities are planned and implemented by RSCs is considered and contrasted with Fill's model of the marketing communications planning process.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with marketing managers in four of the nine RSCs in the UK (two interviews were face‐to‐face, one interview was by telephone and one interview was via e‐mail). These exploratory interviews sought to identify: respondents’ perceptions of marketing and the role of the marketing function within the organisation; the nature of the marketing/promotional objectives that were set; the identity of the target audiences for marketing/promotional activity; the process by which this activity was planned; and the specific marketing/promotional tools used. All the interviews were analysed using the template analysis technique.FindingsFindings are reported under the following headings: role of marketing; perceptions of marketing; marketing planning; target audiences/objectives; promotional activities; and evaluation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is exploratory, comprising four interviews (however, there are only nine RSCs in the UK). More detailed research into the processes of marketing communications planning in this context should be implemented.Practical implicationsThis paper shows how general models relating to theoretical aspects of marketing (in this case marketing communications planning), may need to be amended to reflect the practical reality of specific market contexts and the discussion section of the paper outlines this in more detail.Originality/valueFollowing on from the above point, the paper provides a framework for marketing communications planning in the specific context of RSCs in the UK. As such, it has resonance for the practice of marketing in all planned retail developments.
Information systems outsourcing risks: a study of large firms
Authors: Gonzalez Reyes , Gasco Jose , Llopis Juan 
Published: February 2005

PurposeDespite the considerable growth of information systems (IS) outsourcing in recent years, this trend is still the object of strong criticism. This study has as its aim to show the main risks computer outsourcing entails in the case of the largest Spanish firms.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve that aim, reviews the previous literature on this topic and later analyses the results of a survey carried out using a questionnaire that was answered by 357 firms.FindingsAccording to the firms under analysis, the main concern in relation to IS outsourcing is the excessive dependence on the provider this type of contract can generate. Nevertheless, some characteristics of firms (mainly their size) determine to some extent what risks are seen as the most relevant.Originality/valueThe conclusions suggest that total outsourcing can turn out to be a very dangerous strategy, mainly due to the dependence it creates. This is why IS managers should consider other alternatives such as having multiple providers or resorting to selective outsourcing.
A comparison of quality management systems in the construction industries of Hong Kong and the USA
Authors: Ahmed Syed M. , Aoieong Raymond T. , Tang S.L. , Zheng Daisy X.M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo obtain a general opinion concerning the implementation of quality management systems (QMS) of construction‐related firms in the USA and Hong Kong, and to determine whether construction‐related firms have ever made an effort to measure quality improvement.Design/methodology/approachTwo questionnaire surveys, one in the USA and one in Hong Kong, were conducted by sending out questionnaires to construction‐related companies. The surveys were then followed by 15 in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with top management and quality managers of construction‐related firms in both the USA and Hong Kong.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that different perceptions towards the implementation of formal quality management systems existed between the two places. Mainly due to the lack of initiative and promotion from both clients and governments, construction companies in the USA have failed to see the need to obtain the ISO 9000 certification. In Hong Kong, however, the government's initiatives have resulted in a high percentage of companies having certified to the ISO 9000 standards. The results of the study also indicate that, though most companies used different tools for quality measurements, such measurements were mainly for monitoring and for recording purposes.Originality/valueThis is the first time that such a rigorous comparative study of quality management systems in the construction companies of two different countries has been conducted. It provides useful and practical insights into the differences and similarities between US and Hong Kong construction industries. This paper should be extremely valuable to practitioners in both countries, particularly the USA.
Enhancing the distribution networks stability using distributed generation
Authors: Jurado Francisco , Carpio José 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis paper describes models of micro‐turbines and fuel cells, which can be used in stability studies.Design/methodology/approachThe plants models derived are based on the main equations. These models are developed in the Laplace domain and transient simulation is done using a software developed based on the MATLAB package.FindingsThe micro‐source is capable of providing effective load‐following service in the distribution system. However, the results also show that the micro‐source is not an uninterruptible power supply and does not protect the load from voltage instability while in grid‐connect mode. When a micro‐turbine plant is connected to a point where it gives support to a load in fault conditions, the lower the inertia of micro‐turbine plant, the greater is the destabilizing tendency for faults in the distribution system. On the other hand, transient stability is enhanced with aid of the SOFC inverter.Originality/valueThe effects of these micro‐sources on the network performance are shown and a distribution system embedded with the micro‐sources is used as an example. Finally, transient stability and voltage stability of the system are investigated.
Decentralised coordination of facts devices for power system stability enhancement using intelligent programming
Authors: Oukati Sadegh Mahmoud , Lo K.L. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis paper seeks to propose a systematic method to design multi fuzzy FACTS based stabilizers in a multi‐machine power system.Design/methodology/approachConventional FACTS based stabilizers are decentralized controllers that adopt local measurements and operate in closed loop. To improve overall system dynamic performance, a coordinating application of FACTS based stabilizer is essential. Although, numerous researches have indicated the effectiveness and superiority of fuzzy logic controllers in comparison with the conventional linear controllers in power system application but researchers have not adequately investigated coordination of multi fuzzy controllers in multi‐machine power systems to provide optimal performance. Genetic algorithm is used to determine optimum values of controllers' parameters.FindingsThe search space of the optimisation procedure is decreased to a smaller one, design and computation time can be reduced significantly and the design process becomes more systematic.Originality/valueA systematic method is introduced to coordinate multi fuzzy FACTS based stabilizers in multi‐machine power systems.
Discrete‐valued design optimisation of a multiple‐coil inductor for uniform surface heating
Authors: Di Barba P. , Forghani B. , Lowther D.A. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeSeeks to determine the optimal shape design of an induction heating device.Design/methodology/approachPresents, through a case study, the optimal shape design of a multiple coil inductor for surface heating. Resorts to a procedure of automated optimal design, based on evolutionary optimisation and processing both continuous‐valued and discrete‐valued variables.FindingsDemonstrates that it is possible to solve the design problem routinely using an optimisation tool (OptiNet) that is built to work seamlessly with a coupled electromagnetic‐thermal simulation.Originality/valueEvery design criterion that is likely to be of interest to a designer of industrial applications can be described to the system and optimised in a reasonable time frame.
Multiphase electromagnetic stirring of low conducting liquids
Authors: Ernst R. , Perrier D. , Brun P. , Lacombe J. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo produce a controlled stirring in a low conducting liquid thanks to a new kind of multiphase inductor.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental pilot consisting of a cylindrical salt water pool surrounded by an innovative multiphase inductor configuration, based on the single phase asynchronous motor principle, is setup. The maximum bulk stirring velocities are measured and compared with the estimate by numerical modelling.FindingsShows the possibility of controlling the stirring of a low conducting liquid thanks to a multiphase inductive system. The corresponding measurement results give a significant bulk velocity of a few centimetres per second.Practical implicationsThis new kind of multiphase inductor, working with a single phase induction generator, seems a promising way to produce a controlled stirring in low conducting media which cover a large range of induction applications.Originality/valueSuch an innovative inductor configuration has already been tested successfully for metal alloys stirring in the middle frequency area. In this paper, an extension of this kind of multiphase inductive system for electromagnetic stirring of low conducting liquids like electrolytes in the high frequency area is presented.