bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmental interactions, interfacial polarization, and gigantic dielectric permittivity in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer‐carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Mittal Sakshey , Mondal R. K. , Dubey K. A. , Bhardwaj Y. K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study reports copolymer composition tailored wrapping of carbon nanotubes, leading to a gigantic dielectric permittivity and peculiar nonlinear rheological response in a nonfluoro copolymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid system. Specifically, we observed a strong interfacial polarization effect in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAc) copolymer/CNT nanocomposites, resulting in a dielectric permittivity of approximately 4000 at 10 Hz and 450 (dielectric loss <1) at 1 kHz, with only 1% volume fraction of CNTs and 40% vinyl acetate (VAc) content. No such effect was observed in EVAc with 12% VAc. Extensive amplitude oscillatory rheology studies prompted us to propose a novel hook‐wrap‐type mechanism, wherein polar interactions act as hooks and nonpolar segments allow wrapping, depending on the optimal interactions between the CNT and copolymer. Raman spectroscopy, small‐angle x‐ray scattering, and relaxation studies also revealed a significant change in segmental dynamics and mass fractal compactness with a change in the VAc content. This work provides a melt processing‐based scalable route to develop polymer dielectrics while advancing the fundamental understanding of polymer‐CNT interactions and the underlying mechanisms of dielectric behavior in nanocomposites.
Reliability of automated brain volumetric analysis: A test by comparing NeuroQuant and volBrain software
Authors: Koussis Panagiotis , Toulas Panagiotis , Glotsos Demetrios , Lamprou Eleni , Kehagias Demetrios , Lavdas Eleftherios 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeBrain volume analysis from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is gaining an important role in neurological diagnosis. This study compares the volumes of brain segments measured by two automated brain analysis software, NeuroQuant (NQ), and volBrain (VB) in order to test their reliability in brain volumetry.MethodsUsing NQ and VB software, the same brain segment volumes were calculated and compared, taken from 56 patients scanned under the same MRI sequence. These segments were intracranial cavity, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, whole brain, cerebellum, white matter, and hippocampus. The paired t‐test method has been used to determine if there was a significant difference in these measurements. The interclass correlation (ICC) is used to test inter‐method reliability between the two software. Finally, regression analysis was used to examine the possibility of linear correlation.ResultsIn all brain segments tested but hippocampus, significant differences were found. ICC presents satisfactory to excellent reliability in all brain segments except thalamus and amygdala for which reliability has been proven to be poor. In most cases, linear correlation was found.ConclusionsThe significant differences found in the majority of the tested brain segments are raising questions about the reliability of automated brain analysis as a quantitative tool. Strong linear correlation of the volumetric measurements and good reliability indicates that, each software provides good qualitative information of brain structures size.
Consumers' promotion focus mitigates the negative effects of chatbots on purchase likelihood
Authors: Khan Hiba , Sararueangpong Pasit , Mathmann Frank , Wang Di 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMarketers and consumers are adopting chatbots widely. However, the benefits of this technology remain unclear due to a lack of understanding about individual differences in consumers' purchase decisions when interacting with chatbots. This research investigates the influence of individual differences in promotion focus on purchase likelihood for the products recommended by chatbots. Two experiments demonstrated that consumers generally report a lower purchase likelihood for products recommended by chatbots (vs humans). However, compared to consumers with a low promotion focus, consumers with a high promotion focus report a higher purchase likelihood for the products. The findings also suggest that the relationship between consumer individual differences in promotion focus and purchase likelihood is mediated by engagement. By applying both regulatory focus and regulatory fit theories, the present study provides insights into how promotion focus influences purchase likelihood for products recommended by chatbots. Marketers can utilise both chronic and situational promotion focus to improve consumers' reactions to chatbots using segmentation and promotion‐focus‐related words, respectively.
One‐pot Heterogeneous Biocatalysis under Thermal Decay for Fructose Production from Lactose using Co‐Immobilized Enzymes: Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Silva Pablo , Illanes Andrés , Wilson Lorena , Conejeros Raúl 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMulti‐enzyme reaction systems have become an interesting option to avoid transformation and purification steps in productive reactor‐based systems; when carried out in a single vessel, they are termed one‐pot systems. This novel work aims to model and simulate the behavior of a one‐pot heterogeneous catalysis system in a batch‐stirred bioreactor and in a continuous stirred bioreactor with co‐immobilized enzymes to determine the compromise operation temperature that maximizes the volumetric productivity, considering thermal decay of the biocatalyst. The production of fructose from lactose is considered a case study, using co‐immobilized
‐galactosidase (
‐gal) and glucose‐isomerase (GI) in a spherical particle. A diffusion and reaction mathematical model was used to calculate the effectiveness factor for every reaction species considering the thermal decay of both enzymes. Simulations in both batch and continuous operation were done at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C, for initial enzyme activity load ratios ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 IUGI IU
. Resulting effectiveness factors were close to one, indicating no significant limitations on reaction rates due to internal diffusional constraints. In both cases, temperature exerted a more substantial effect than the initial enzyme activity load ratio, showing different scenarios of high volumetric productivity (batch) or amount of produced fructose (continuous).
Photo‐Catalyzed Acyl Azolium Promoted Selective α‐C(sp3)−H Acylation of Acetone via HAT: Access to Thermodynamically Less Favoured (Z)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Sivaraj Chandrasekaran , Maiti Debabrata , Gandhi Thirumanavelan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMono α‐acylation of acetone has been achieved for the first time by reacting with bench‐stable acyl azolium salts under violet‐LED light at room temperature. The intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from acetone to triplet state of azolium salts under violet LED irradiation resulted in thermodynamically less favourable (Z)‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones with up to 99 : 1 selectivity via C−C bond formation. This compelling protocol access the desired α‐C(sp3)−H acylation product under metal‐, ligand‐ and oxidant‐free conditions on a wide range of substrates.
Cascading effects of earthworm invasion increase graminoid density and rodent grazing intensities
Authors: Jonsson Hanna , Olofsson Johan , Blume‐Werry Gesche , Klaminder Jonatan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman‐mediated dispersal of non‐native earthworms can cause substantial changes to the functioning and composition of ecosystems previously earthworm‐free. Some of these earthworm species have the potential to “geoengineer” soils and increase plant nitrogen (N) uptake. Yet the possible consequences of increased plant N concentrations on rodent grazing remains poorly understood. In this study, we present findings from a common garden experiment with two tundra communities, meadow (forb dominated) and heath (shrub dominated), half of them subjected to 4 years of earthworm presence (Lumbricus spp. and Aporrectodea spp.). Within four summers, our earthworm treatment changed plant community composition by increasing graminoid density by, on average, 94% in the heath vegetation and by 49% in the meadow. Rodent winter grazing was more intense on plants growing in soils with earthworms, an effect that coincided with higher N concentrations in plants, indicating a higher palatability. Even though earthworms reduced soil moisture, plant community productivity, as indicated by vegetation greenness (normalized difference vegetation index), was not negatively impacted. We conclude that earthworm‐induced changes in plant composition and trophic interactions may fundamentally alter the functioning of tundra ecosystems.
Out‐of‐sample volatility prediction: Rolling window, expanding window, or both?
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Zhang Yaojie , Wang Yudong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEstimation windows, either rolling or expanding, are used for volatility forecasting. In this study, we propose a new approach relying on both estimation windows. Our method is based on how well these two windows performed in terms of prediction during a recent period of past time. We will continue to use whichever one has performed better in the past. Results show that our strategy significantly outperforms the individual and mean combination models. Whether the window is rolling or expanding, the relatively better performance is persistent. In other words, we document the existence of the momentum of predictability (MoP). A mean–variance investor can achieve the highest utility gains using our strategy for volatility forecasting. Moreover, the results pass a series of robustness tests.
Exploring the potential human pathogenic bacteria in selected ready‐to‐eat leafy greens sold in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: Estimation of bacterial load and incidence
Authors: Ferdous Raihan , Sultana Nazneen , Hossain Md. Belal , Sultana Rifat Ara , Hoque Sanzida 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the presence of potential human pathogenic bacteria, bacterial load, and their incidence in ready‐to‐eat leafy greens viz., coriander, lettuce, and mint leaves sold at diverse marketplaces in Dhaka City. Multiple identification methods including cultural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular analysis were employed in the Plant Pathology Laboratory of Sher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural University to identify the human pathogenic bacteria. In molecular analysis, the DNA samples were put through PCR using bacterial primer 27F: AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTGAG and universal primer 1942R: CGGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT. Initially, nine different bacterial genera viz. Bacillus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Shigella, Vibrio, and Staphylococcus were detected, and their incidence was 93%, 67%, 44%, 30%, 26%, 26%, 11%, 7%, and 7% respectively. A total of twelve bacteria have been identified from these genera out of which 7 bacteria viz. Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella spp., were reported as human pathogenic bacteria in several pieces of literature. The highest colony‐forming units per gram were shown in mint (4.27 ± 2.35 × 109) followed by lettuce (2.87 ± 0.76 × 109) and coriander (2.43 ± 1.32 × 109). Considering marketplaces, the highest colony‐forming units per gram were observed in the samples of street markets (5.0 ± 1.72 × 109) and the lowest was in supermarkets (1.87 ± 0.46 × 109) followed by local markets (2.7 ± 0.91 × 109). All the leafy green samples crossed the acceptable level of bacterial load (106 CFU/g). The findings of the study highlight the urgency for improved food safety protocols in their production and distribution in Dhaka city.
Long‐term oral administration of burdock fructooligosaccharide alleviates DSS‐induced colitis in mice by mediating anti‐inflammatory effects and protection of intestinal barrier function
Authors: Ma Qunfei , Zhang Xiujuan , Xu Xuan , Lu Yan , Chen Qiang , Chen Yiru , Liu Chunyan , Chen Kaoshan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUlcerative colitis, a typical subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, can cause many serious complications. Burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO), a linear inulin with a purity of 99.439% and a molecular weight of 2345 Da, demonstrates anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.MethodsThe Kunming mice were divided into two experimental models: a normal pretreatment model and a colitis experimental model. During the experimental treatment period, we assessed changes in weight and disease activity index (DAI), quantified the intestinal index, and determined myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reactive oxide species (ROS) levels in colitis mice. We also photographed colon morphology to investigate alterations in the integrity of the intestinal barrier function. Finally, we performed ELISA and qRT‐PCR to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effect of BFO treatment on colitis mice.ResultThe long‐term oral administration of BFO alone exhibited protective effects by preventing disruption of the intestinal functional structure and increasing the colon index in mice. However, in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model, BFO administration facilitated quick recovery of body weight and effectively reduced the DAI, especially in the BFO‐H group (500 mg/kg/day). BFO treatment maintained the integrity of the intestinal barrier by attenuating the crypt distortion and increasing the goblet cells count It restored the DSS‐induced colon shortening and reduced the symptoms of colitis. These effects may be attributed to the appropriate concentrations of BFO effectively inhibiting MPO activity, clearing excessive ROS, and relieving spleen abnormalitie. BFO also attenuated the overexpression and excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MCP‐1) induced by DSS, reduced intestinal inflammation, and consequently protected the intestinal barrier function.ConclusionBFO effectively alleviated the symptoms of DSS‐induced colitis by mediating anti‐inflammatory effects and protecting the intestinal barrier integrity, thereby potentially facilitating the utilization of safer and more efficacious polysaccharides for managing chronic inflammatory diseases.
Deep learning network selection and optimized information fusion for enhanced COVID‐19 detection
Authors: Ali Muhammad Umair , Zafar Amad , Tanveer Jawad , Khan Muhammad Attique , Kim Seong Han , Alsulami Mashael M. , Lee Seung Won 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a wrapper‐based technique to improve the classification performance of chest infection (including COVID‐19) detection using X‐rays. Deep features were extracted using pretrained deep learning models. Ten optimization techniques, including poor and rich optimization, path finder algorithm, Henry gas solubility optimization, Harris hawks optimization, atom search optimization, manta‐ray foraging optimization, equilibrium optimizer, slime mold algorithm, generalized normal distribution optimization, and marine predator algorithm, were used to determine the optimal features using a support vector machine. Moreover, a network selection technique was used to select the deep learning models. An online chest infection detection X‐ray scan dataset was used to validate the proposed approach. The results suggest that the proposed wrapper‐based automatic deep learning network selection and feature optimization framework has a high classification rate of 97.7%. The comparative analysis further validates the credibility of the framework in COVID‐19 and other chest infection classifications, suggesting that the proposed approach can help doctors in clinical practice.
Team innovation: The role of team capabilities and team decision‐making
Authors: Singh Anjali , Jha Sumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrawing on the team‐member exchange theory, in this paper, we examine how the knowledge‐based three team capabilities (team knowledge management capacity, team absorptive capacity, adaptive team capacity), when shared among team members, will influence the effectiveness of team decision‐making and team innovation. The study was conducted in Indian organizations. Data collected from 112 team members (with experience in innovation projects) were analyzed using structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedure. The findings reveal that team members' capability (knowledge management capacity, adaptive capacity) plays a significant role in team innovation when there is team decision‐making. However, the study found no significant relationship between absorptive capacity and team innovation. The study contributes to the literature on team innovation by offering fresh insights into how the high‐quality Team‐member exchange leads to better capitalization of distinct team capabilities leading to effective team decision‐making, culminating in the generation of creative and novel ideas and solutions.
Acid‐induced conformation regulation of peanut polysaccharide and its effect on stability and digestibility of oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Ye Jianfen , Hua Xiao , Shao Xingfeng , Yang Ruijin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeveloping the stable and healthy emulsion‐based food is in accord with the needs of people for health. In the present study, acidification at pH 3.0 of peanut polysaccharide (APPSI) was employed to regulate its conformation and further improve its advantages in preparing oil‐in‐water emulsion.RESULTSThe results indicated that acidification induced conversion of PPSI aggregates into linear chains. Increasing concentration promoted formation of cross‐linked network structure shown in transmission electron microscopy images. Consequently, the viscosity, yield stress, storage modulus and flow activation energy significantly increased, further fabricating gel structure. Moreover, aggregation behavior suggested that more exposed proteins were involved in gel structure, thereby forming many hydrophobic cores as verified by fluorescence spectroscopy of pyrene. Afterwards, emulsion characteristics indicated that APPSI produced strong and thick steric hindrance around oil droplets and the coil‐like interweaved chains locked the continuous phase, bringing strong elasticity and resistance to stress and creaming. Meanwhile, the lower fatty acid in APPSI‐emulsion was released after simulated gastrointestinal digestion, mainly as a result of the high retention ratio of emulsion droplets. Furthermore, the elastic and viscous Lissajous curves suggested that the structure strength of APPSI‐emulsion was similar to that of the salad dressing within the strain 53.22%.CONCLUSIONThe conformation of PPSI after acidification at pH 3.0 was suitable for preparing the stable emulsion. The obtained emulsion could resist digestion and maintain a strong structure, comprising a cholesterol‐free and low‐fat salad dressing substitute. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Extractions of aerial parts of Hippomarathrum scabrum with conventional and green methodologies: Chemical profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and anti‐cancer effects
Authors: Nilofar  , Duran Tugce , Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim , Cvetanović Kljakić Aleksandra , Božunović Jelena , Gašić Uroš , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Yıldiztugay Evren , Ferrante Claudio , Zengin Gokhan 
Published: November 2023

Hippomarathrum scabrum L. is an endemic medicinal plant in Turkey; however, there have been few studies investigating the phytochemistry and biological properties of these plants has not been investigated. The aim of this work is to determine the chemical composition of different extracts (extracts obtained by using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, homogenizer‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction from Hippomarathrum scabrum L., and evaluate their biological properties. The analysis revealed that 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, rutin, and isorhamnetin 3‐O‐rutinoside were the main bioactive compounds. The extract obtained by accelerated extraction contains the highest concentration of 5‐O‐Caffeoylquinic acid (7616.74 ± 63.09 mg/kg dry extract) followed by the extract obtained by homogenizer‐assisted extraction (6682.53 ± 13.04 mg/kg dry extract). In antioxidant tests, all extracts expressed significant antioxidant activity. Also, cytotoxic and anticancer effects of these plant extracts were detected in the human prostate cancer cell line. Intrinsic apoptotic genes were up‐regulated and anti‐apoptotic genes were down‐regulated in human prostate cancer cells after inhibition concentration dose treatment. The findings are promising, and suggest the use of these plant extracts could be used as natural sources with different biological activities, as well as anticancer agents.
X‐Ray Excited Luminescence Materials for Cancer Diagnosis and Theranostics
Authors: Ma Qingjie , Cao Yixi , Ge Xiaoguang , Zhang Zhining , Gao Shi , Song Jibin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractX‐rays are rays that penetrate the human tissue and are capable of penetrating water, air, and oxygen in various biological tissues or tumors. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research of X‐ray‐excited luminescent materials for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the application of X‐ray‐excited luminescent materials is reviewed for tumor imaging and therapy. First, two classes of luminescent materials are briefly introduced for a form of enhanced X‐ray computed tomography, X‐ray‐excited optical luminescence imaging. Subsequently, the design of multifunctional hybrid materials is evaluated for radiotherapy and other treatments and their synergistic effects under X‐ray excitation are studied. Finally, current key issues and solutions in the field are discussed in detail.
Red‐Emitting Cordierite Ceramic Enabling General Healthy Warm White Laser Lighting
Authors: Chen Weibin , Wang Yuzhen , Xu Jian , Chen Xinrong , Jensen Ole B. , Zhang Qinyuan , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLaser‐driven phosphor‐converted white‐laser diodes are supposed to be next‐generation high‐brightness lighting sources for their unparalleled photoelectric efficiency and light quality, yet a significant obstacle hitherto has resided in the shortage and serious laser‐induced luminescence saturation of red emitters. Here, a hot‐pressing synthesis route to obtain high‐performance red‐emitting cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18:Eu2+) ceramic is developed, which enables the in situ formation of bulk specimens with high crystallinity (>90%) from the counterpart glass powders. A preeminent saturation threshold of 21 W mm−2 is realized in a red‐emitting Mg2Al4Si5O18:Eu2+ ceramic film converter. More importantly, the luminous exitance reaches 209 lm mm−2, which is 5 times that of commercial red phosphor‐converted‐LED, indicating breakthrough progress in the comprehensive light‐emitting performance of red converters. This work innovates the solid‐state synthesis of laser bulk converters from glass to meet the demanding requirements of advanced warm white laser lighting.