bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gender Euphoria Scale (GES): a protocol for developing and validating a tool to measure gender euphoria in transgender and gender diverse individuals
Authors: Blacklock C. A. , Tollit M. A. , Pace C. C. , Elphinstone B. , Pang K. C. , Buzwell S. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundGender euphoria (i.e., a positive feeling associated with one’s gender identity, expression, or affirmation) is widely discussed among transgender and gender diverse (hereafter referred to as trans) individuals. However, as a construct, gender euphoria has never been formally measured and has rarely been empirically studied. Hence, this protocol paper illustrates our process for developing and validating a new tool to measure gender euphoria, known as the Gender Euphoria Scale (GES), for use with trans populations.MethodsDeductive methods including findings from previous research and a review of existing measures, together with inductive methods such as expert feedback and focus groups with trans individuals, were used to generate a preliminary item pool for the GES. Pilot testing with trans community members and mental health clinicians was then used to refine items and develop a preliminary scale. Trans participants involved in an ongoing longitudinal study (TRANSform) were invited to complete the scale alongside measures of personality and gender factors to assess validity. Participants were then invited to complete the scale two weeks after initial completion to assess the test–retest reliability of the scale. The next stage in the scale development process will be to examine the dimensionality of the GES using exploratory factor analytic techniques. The scale will then be assessed for internal consistency, temporal stability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity.ConclusionThis paper outlines the development and characterization of a novel tool to measure gender euphoria for the first time. The GES will facilitate research opportunities to better understand the nature of gender euphoria and its influences, and may be used clinically to examine relationships between gender euphoria and gender affirming interventions. Hence, we expect the GES to make a significant contribution to both research and clinical practice with trans communities.
Examining the relation between emotional experiences and emotional expressions in competitive tennis matches
Authors: Fritsch Julian , Fiedler Janis , Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis , Jekauc Darko 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionEmotions consist of different components such as the emotional experience, physiological reactions, action tendencies, or emotional expressions. Assessing the relation of these components may help to better understand the role of emotions in sport competitions. Based on the component process model of emotions, the goal of the present study was to assess the relation between emotional experiences and emotional expressions.MethodsTwenty tennis players (7 female) with an average age of 23.10 (SD = 4.88) were taped during competitive tennis matches. Thereafter, in individual meetings, after having watched themselves on the footage at pre-selected points, the players had to indicate whether, immediately after the end of a rally, they had a positive or a negative emotional experience and, in case they had one, rate its intensity. Moreover, based on their observable behavior, the players were also asked to state whether they could recognize a positive or a negative emotional expression and, in case they recognized one, rate its intensity. The occurrence of emotional expressions was additionally rated by two external coders. Using multilevel models, separate analyses were conducted for positive emotions after won points and negative emotions after lost points.Results and discussionFor both positive and negative emotions, the results indicated a positive correlation between emotional experiences and emotional expressions. Moreover, the intensity of emotional experiences could predict the occurrence of an emotional expression rated by both the players or external coders. These insights into the relation between emotional experiences and emotional expressions may help players to more effectively regulate their emotions.
Research on the impact of the socio-educational environment on the academic performance of college students: the mediating role of study motivation
Authors: Wang Weiqin , Han Lu , Lu Qingjiao , Lv Xingjun , Liu Yu , Wang Dongxuan 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundEnhancing the academic performance (AP) of college students can contribute to the overall scientific literacy among this population, thereby fostering societal progress.ObjectiveThe study investigates the correlation between college students’ AP and the socio-educational environment (SEE, including family, roommates, and teachers), study motivation (SM, including self-efficacy and study behaviors). Based on the research findings, recommendations are offered to students, educators, and school administrators.SettingsUtilizing a stratified sampling approach, data was collected by selecting a sample of 330 first-year computer science students from a specific local university in Hebei Province, China.MethodsData will be collected through a hierarchical sampling method. Using correlation analysis, difference analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) as data analysis methods. The data passed reliability and validity analysis (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.88, KMO = 0.88, χ2/df = 1.49RMSEA = 0.04).ResultsThe independent sample T-test results showed that female students had higher academic performance than male students (p &lt; 0.001), and there was no significant difference in academic performance between students from single parent or orphan families and students from normal families (p = 0.14), from non urban areas and from urban areas (p = 0.67). The results of the mediating effect analysis indicate that SM exerts complete mediation in the association between SEE and AP, with a mediating effect value of 0.18.ConclusionThe educational disparity between urban and rural areas in China is gradually narrowing. Support policies for students from impoverished families in higher education institutions are showing initial effectiveness. The conducive learning environment and educational atmosphere for students can indirectly influence their psychological state, thus impacting their academic performance during their university years.
Disentangling the nuances of diversity ideologies
Authors: Russell Pascual Nicole , Kirby Teri A. , Begeny Christopher T. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesMinoritized racial groups typically report greater psychological engagement and safety in contexts that endorse multiculturalism rather than colorblindness. However, organizational statements often contain multiple (sub)components of these ideologies. This research broadens our understanding of diversity ideologies in the real-world by: (1) mapping out the content of real-world organizational diversity ideologies, (2) identifying how different components tend to cluster in real-world statements, and (3) presenting these statements to minoritized group members (Study 2) to test how these individual components and clusters are perceived (e.g., company interest, value fit).Methods100 US university statements and 248 Fortune 500 company statements were content coded, and 237 racially minoritized participants (Mage = 28.1; 51.5% female; 48.5% male) rated their psychological perceptions of the Fortune 500 statements.ResultsWhile universities most commonly frame diversity ideologies in terms of value-in-equality, companies focus more on value-in-individual differences. Diversity rationales also differ between organizations, with universities focusing on the moral and business cases almost equally, but companies focusing on the business case substantially more. Results also offered preliminary evidence that minoritized racial group members reported a greater sense of their values fitting those of the organization when considering organizations that valued individual and group differences.ConclusionThese are some of the first studies to provide a nuanced examination of the components and clusters of diversity ideologies that real-world organizations are using, ultimately with implications for how we move forward in studying diversity ideologies (to better reflect reality) and redesigning them to encourage more diverse and inclusive organizations.
Severity of developmental delay and parenting behavior in toddlers with neurodevelopmental disabilities
Authors: Castagna Annalisa , Butti Niccolò , Cordolcini Laura , Innocenti Mark S. , Montirosso Rosario 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe presence of a neurodevelopmental disability (ND) represents an adverse condition for child’s development and parent–child relationship, and it is reasonable to assume that the severity of delay may influence parenting behavior. Previous research, however, did not specifically address this issue.MethodsThis cross-sectional study compared parental behaviors of mothers of toddlers with moderate/severe or mild/borderline developmental delay and mothers of toddlers with typical development, while considering maternal emotional states. A total of 88 dyads with children aged between 12 and 47 months participated in a 10-min video-recorded interaction then coded with the PICCOLO, a validated observation checklist that assesses four dimensions of parenting: affection, responsiveness, encouragement, and teaching. The mothers also fulfilled two standardized questionnaires assessing parental stress and presence of depressive symptoms. MANOVA and MANCOVA models were used to explore between-group differences in specific parenting dimensions, also considering parental stress.ResultsMothers of toddlers with ND were less responsive than the comparison group, while the presence of a moderate/severe developmental delay specifically affected teaching behaviors. No differences emerged for affection and encouragement behaviors. Importantly, although mothers of toddlers with moderate/severe ND reported higher child-related dysfunctional interaction stress, this did not directly affect parenting behaviors.DiscussionThese findings highlight how the presence of a disability and the severity of developmental delay can affect specific dimensions of parenting (i.e., responsiveness, teaching) and might inform clinical practice and research on early parental interventions.
Successful perioperative preparation of a child with autism spectrum disorder in collaboration with his school for special needs education: a case report
Authors: Arai Yuto , Okanishi Tohru , Nakamura Yuko , Maegaki Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children is greater than 1%. Children with ASD show an increased rate of hospital contact for several reasons. Perioperative preparation for children with ASD can be challenging; therefore, obtaining information from patients’ families prior to surgery is important. However, no previous reports have described the collection of information from educational facilities.Case reportA 12 years-old male patient with ASD was referred for surgery for traumatic dislocation of the left knee joint. Before admission, we obtained valuable information from his parents regarding expected behavioral problems and coping strategies during hospitalization and from his teachers at his school for special needs education. In particular, the information obtained from teachers was specific and practical. Consequently, we could effectively conduct perioperative management based on his specific autistic characteristics.ConclusionWe report a pediatric case of ASD in which favorable perioperative management was successfully achieved by collecting information before admission from family members as well as teachers at the patient’s school for special needs education. This management may help in future hospital admissions for children with autism.
Marijuana use and its correlates among school-going Jamaican adolescents: a finding from a national survey
Authors: Dadras Omid 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe recent data indicate almost a fifth of Jamaican adolescents used marijuana in the past 30 days. To ensure the optimal allocation of resources, a country-specific understanding of factors associated with marijuana use among adolescents is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to address this gap among adolescents aged 13–17 years in Jamaica.MethodsWe analyzed data from the recent Jamaica Global School-Based Student Health Survey conducted in 2017. The sample consists of school-going Jamaican adolescents of 7th−12th grades. The prevalence of recent marijuana use was assessed and compared across different demographics, substance use, and risk behaviors using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsOlder adolescents and men had a higher likelihood of recent marijuana use. Psychosocial risks, such as loneliness, frequent worry, suicidal ideation, physical attacks, and school absenteeism, were associated with higher marijuana usage. Parental smoking increased the odds, whereas strong parental support and awareness decreased it. Other substance uses, especially amphetamine and tobacco products, had strong associations with marijuana use. Early initiation of substances was associated with a higher risk of marijuana use. Sexually active adolescents, especially those initiated before the age of 14 years, had higher rates of marijuana use.ConclusionThe intricate link between harmful and supportive psychosomatic and risk behaviors with recent marijuana use highlights the importance of holistic interventions and policies focusing on emotional health, parental guidance, substance education, and sexual activity implications.
Anaemia among women of reproductive age in selected sub-Saharan African countries: multivariate decomposition analyses of the demographic and health surveys data 2008–2018
Authors: Salifu Mohammed Gazali , Da-Costa Vroom Frances Baaba , Guure Chris 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThe burden and highest regional prevalence of anaemia is reported in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study evaluated changes in anaemia prevalence across the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) periods in SSA and reported factors influencing observed changes in the trend.MethodThe study was implemented by a two-stage cross-sectional stratified sampling approach. The study involved women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in sub-Saharan Africa countries (Ghana, Sierra Leone, Mali, and Benin) using two different periods of their demographic health surveys (DHS) data. The study adopted both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The chi-square test was used to determine the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the outcome and predictor variables and test the observed changes in anaemia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted on each survey year and the pooled dataset for eligible study countries. Multivariate decomposition analysis was performed to explain how compositional changes and behavioural effects of women characteristics affected the changes in anaemia prevalence. The study reported frequencies, percentages and odds ratios along with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsGhana and Sierra Leone experienced 17.07% [95% CI: 14.76–19.37, p &lt; 0.001] and 1% [95% CI: 1.0–2.9, p &gt; 0.05] of anaemia decrease from period 1 to period 2, respectively, while Mali and Benin experienced 11% [95% CI: 9.14–12.90, p &lt; 0.001] and 16.7% [95% CI: 14.99–18.5, p &lt; 0.001] of increase in anaemia prevalence from period 1 to period 2, respectively. Behavioural effects explained the decrease in Ghana and the increase in Benin and Mali while endowments or compositional changes explained the decrease in Sierra Leone.ConclusionAnaemia continues to pose a significant challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, there is an imperative need to scale up the implementation of nutrition-related programmes and advocacies to ensure optimum changes in women nutrition-related behaviours.
The effect of city size on the disability rate of the older adults: empirical evidence from CHARLS data
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Lianjie , Hu Tiantian 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundExploring the value orientation of city development from the perspective of people’s well-being is key to clarifying the current debate on city size strategies.MethodsBased on the survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in two phases, and by using the unbalanced panel-ordered logit model, stepwise analysis method, and KHB method, among others, we discuss the impact of city size on the disability rate of older adults.ResultsThe study finds that city size significantly and positively affects the activities of daily living (ADL) of older adults, with odd ratios of 1.3286 (95% CI = [1.082243, 1.631089]), and exhibits significant group heterogeneity in terms of age, registered residence, income, and education level. City size has indeed played an mediation role through the health improvement effect, disease mitigation effect, emotional effect, and employment structure optimization effect, with a cumulative contribution rate of the mediation effect of 35.17%. In addition, the urban sprawl index has a significant moderation role.DiscussionRobust urban sprawl is conducive to promoting the improvement of the regional health environment, the improvement of the medical security policy, the optimization of the family support policy, and the employment structure, thus helping to reduce the disability rate of older adults.
The relationship between intimate partner violence and child malnutrition: a retrospective study in 29 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Lin Kunhong , Zhou Pengxiang , Liu Mengyuan , Chen Botian , Zhou Zibei , Zhang Yijia , Zhou Ying , Jiang Yanan , Bao Shuyun , Chen Dijia , Zhu Yu , Xing Yan 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and backgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) and child malnutrition are global public health issues. Assessing the association between IPV and child anthropometric failures (stunting, underweight, and wasting) in 29 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries can provide significant global health solutions. Some studies have found an association between IPV against women and child malnutrition, but the conclusions are inconsistent. The physical and psychological conditions, living environment, and rights of the mother may be involved.MethodsWe collected and analyzed the Demographic and Health Surveys data (2010–2021) of 29 SSA countries. The main exposure variables were various types of IPV, classified as physical, sexual, and emotional violence. The outcome was the child’s development index, which can be roughly divided into stunting, wasting, and underweight. An adjusted binary logistic regression model was used to test the relationship between IPV and children’s nutritional status.ResultsA total of 186,138 children under 5 years of age were included in the analysis; 50,113 (27.1%) of the children were stunted, 11,329 (6.1%) were wasted, and 39,459 (21.3%) were underweight in all regions. The child’s gender, age, duration of breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and vitamin A supplements intake in the past 6 months were associated with their nutritional status (p &lt; 0.001). Sexual violence was the strongest factor associated with stunting, which remained statistically significant after controlling all variables (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.21; p = 0.012). We also found a small negative association between wasting and IPV. For underweight, there were no associations with IPV after controlling for all variables (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionIPV is positively associated with child stunting in SSA countries. Sexual violence showed a strong positive correlation with stunting. Wasting was unexpectedly negatively associated with IPV. There was no clear correlation between underweight and violence.
Exploring the burden and support needs of informal caregivers for the older adults in Kazakhstan: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Zhylkybekova Aliya , Grjibovski Andrej M. , Glushkova Natalya , Koshmaganbetova Gulbakit K. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe growing population of older adults, often affected by chronic illnesses, disabilities, or frailty has led to a substantial increase in the need for informal caregivers.ObjectiveThis paper is a protocol for a study that aims to investigate the effects of caregiving on informal caregivers of older adults in Kazakhstan with special emphasis on the cultural context.MethodsThe protocol outlines a mixed-methods study that will be conducted in four cities in Kazakhstan. A total of 400 informal caregivers of older adults with two or more limitations in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) will be recruited to participate in a survey, aiming to evaluate care-related burdens and quality of life and health-related quality of life. The Institute for Medical Technology Assessment (iMTA) Valuation of Informal Care Questionnaire (iVICQ) was selected to be the main research instrument. Additionally, a subset of participants who express their willingness to participate will be selected from the pool of survey respondents to engage in semi-structured interviews, allowing for a deeper understanding of their experiences and providing insights into their social and medical support needs.ConclusionThis study will be the first investigation of the impact of caregiving on informal caregivers of older adults in Central Asia. The results will contribute to the literature by providing insights into older adults care within the specific national and cultural context of Kazakhstan with potential generalization to other Central Asian republics of the former USSR.
Association between motor skills and executive function of children with autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan and the United States
Authors: Sung Ming-Chih , McClelland Megan M. , Massey William , Logan Samuel W. , MacDonald Megan 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parent ratings of motor skills and executive function (EF) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States and Taiwan.Materials and methodOne hundred and seventy-two parents/legal guardians of children (4–6 years and 11 months old) with ASD were recruited from two countries, Taiwan (n = 100) and the United States (n = 72). The parents or guardians of the child with ASD completed a questionnaire including demographic information, child’s motor skills (using Children Activity Scale – Parents, ChAS-P), and child’s EF (using Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory, CHEXI). A series of hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to determine whether ChAS-P (total motor score, fine motor skills, and gross motor skill) was associated with CHEXI (total EF score, working memory, and inhibition), after controlling for covariates (i.e., age, gender, race, body mass index, whether children received physical activity or cognitive training, parental education level).ResultsTotal motor skills, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills were significantly associated with EF in both working memory and inhibition as rated by parents in both countries (β = 0.21–0.57, p &lt; 0.01), with the exception of a non-significant association between parent-rated total motor skills, fine motor skills, and gross motor skills, and inhibition among Taiwanese children with ASD. In addition, the associations between parent ratings of motor skills (i.e., fine motor and gross motor skills) and EF (i.e., working memory and inhibition) were similar between the two countries.ConclusionPositive associations with specific aspects of parent ratings of fine motor and gross motor skills and working memory and inhibition were found in children with ASD from both countries. These findings have implications for future interventions and programs focused on improving early motor skills and EF development for young children with ASD from Taiwan and the United States.