bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an emerging hospital-based violence intervention program: a multimethod study
Authors: Schenck Christopher S , Dodington James , Paredes Lucero , Gawel Marcie , Nedd Antwan , Vega Pepe , O’Neill Kathleen M 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIndividuals who experience assaultive firearm injury are at elevated risk for violent reinjury and multiple negative physical and psychological health outcomes. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) may improve patient outcomes through intensive, community-based case management.MethodsWe conducted a multimethod evaluation of an emerging HVIP at a large trauma center using theRE-AIMframework. We assessed recruitment, violent reinjury outcomes, and service provision from 2020 to 2022. Semistructured, qualitative interviews were performed with HVIP participants and program administrators to elicit experiences with HVIP services. Directed content analysis was used to generate and organize codes from the data. We also conducted clinician surveys to assess awareness and referral patterns.ResultsOf the 319 HVIP-eligible individuals who presented with non-fatal assaultive firearm injury, 39 individuals (12%) were enrolled in the HVIP. Inpatient admission was independently associated with HVIP enrollment (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2; p=0.01). Facilitators ofReachincluded engaging with credible messengers, personal relationships with HVIP program administrators, and encouragement from family to enroll. Fear of disclosure to police was cited as a key barrier to enrollment. For theEffectivenessdomain, enrollment was not associated with reinjury (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.16 to 3.1). Participants identified key areas of focus where needs were not met including housing and mental health. Limited awareness of HVIP services was a barrier toAdoption. Participants described strengths ofImplementation, highlighting the deep relationships built between clients and administrators. For the long-termMaintenanceof the program, both clinicians and HVIP clients reported that there is a need for HVIP services for individuals who experience violent injury.ConclusionsCredible messengers facilitate engagement with potential participants, whereas concerns around police involvement is an important barrier. Inpatient admission provides an opportunity to engage patients and may facilitate recruitment. HVIPs may benefit from increased program intensity.Level of evidenceIV.
Growth responses to thinning from below in uneven-aged interior Douglas-fir dominated stands
Authors: Acquah Stella Britwum , Marshall Peter L. , Eskelson Bianca N.I. , Moss Ian , Barbeito Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

We assessed the impacts of three approaches to thinning from below with varying spatial patterns on several stand and individual tree variables for interior Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), interior spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Engelm.), and lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex Loud. var. latifolia Englem.) in central British Columbia, Canada. The three thinning treatments were two experimental “clumped” treatments (3 m Clumped and 5 m Clumped) and the Standard (more uniform spacing) thinning treatment that was employed operationally at that time. We used long-term data from 24 plots measured five times over 21 years. Thinning increased stand basal area increment, with the plots that received the 5 m Clumped treatment having significantly higher periodic annual relative basal area increment than the unthinned Control plots. The responses for the two clumped treatments were not any lower than the Standard. The 3 m Clumped treatment was best if one is concerned about fast recovery of the growing space; however, the 5 m Clumped spacing treatment may be preferable if higher individual tree vigour is needed for resistance and resilience to fire, insects, and disease.
How to Write and Speak Clearly and Concisely without Insulting Your Audience's Intelligence
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: November 2023

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
People who are serious about effective writing and speaking are eager to learn and emulate the principles and practices of professionals in the field. In particular, they often worry about their text or presentation being too long, i.e., "over-explaining" for fear of insulting their audience's intelligence. This is a legitimate concern. However, "too long" doesn't actually mean what many people think it means. Let's correct this damaging misapprehension.
Differences in Cortical Surface Area in Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Bahar Nilgoun , Cler Gabriel J. , Krishnan Saloni , Asaridou Salomi S. , Smith Harriet J. , Willis Hanna E. , Healy Máiréad P. , Watkins Kate E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Approximately 7% of children have developmental language disorder (DLD), a neurodevelopmental condition associated with persistent language learning difficulties without a known cause. Our understanding of the neurobiological basis of DLD is limited. Here, we used FreeSurfer to investigate cortical surface area and thickness in a large cohort of 156 children and adolescents aged 10–16 years with a range of language abilities, including 54 with DLD, 28 with a history of speech-language difficulties who did not meet criteria for DLD, and 74 age-matched controls with typical language development (TD). We also examined cortical asymmetries in DLD using an automated surface-based technique. Relative to the TD group, those with DLD showed smaller surface area bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus extending to the anterior insula, in the posterior temporal and ventral occipito-temporal cortex, and in portions of the anterior cingulate and superior frontal cortex. Analysis of the whole cohort using a language proficiency factor revealed that language ability correlated positively with surface area in similar regions. There were no differences in cortical thickness, nor in asymmetry of these cortical metrics between TD and DLD. This study highlights the importance of distinguishing between surface area and cortical thickness in investigating the brain basis of neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests the development of cortical surface area to be of importance to DLD. Future longitudinal studies are required to understand the developmental trajectory of these cortical differences in DLD and how they relate to language maturation.
Engaging Modern Muslims with Their Prophet
Authors: Sanseverino Ruggero Vimercati 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In contemporary Egypt, the secularization of discourses and practices raises a fundamental challenge to sīra writing concerning its vocation to make the founding narrative and the religious ideals of Islam comprehensible and meaningful to contemporary Muslims. Arguing that the Muslim community’s image of the Prophet does indeed both affect and reflect its religious and spiritual condition, the known Egyptian intellectual and former rector of al-Azhar, ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm Maḥmūd (1910-1978) holds the appearance of de-theologized forms of sīra writing as a symptom of a profound crisis of Islamic intellectuality. Against this background, his prophetological considerations seek to show that this challenge can only be overcome by a sīra writing that engages the audience in a personal and spiritual relationship with the Prophet.
Sira Culture, Hadith and the Veneration of Muḥammad in the Later Middle Period: Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimašqī (d. 842/1438) as a Case Study
Authors: Bori Caterina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The article investigates the social and cultural practices of Sira production and consumption in the later Middle Period. It probes into the place held by Sira regarding the veneration of the Prophet, especially in relation to Hadith. Its first part shows that in the Middle Period Sira was intended as a vast literary repository characterized by fluidity of format, diverse social fruition, and plurality of practices in transmission and consumption. It was a literary field characterized by narrative malleability and creativity, for which there was popular demand and scholarly dedication.
The life and work of the Šāfiʿī scholar and Hadith expert Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimašqī (d. 842/1438), in particular his Ǧāmiʿ al-āṯār fī l-siyar wa-mawlid al-muḫtār (The Compilation of Traditions on the Life and Birth of the Chosen One) occupies the second part of the article. Here, Ǧāmiʿ al-āṯār is taken as a written exemplification of the tight relationship between Sira, Hadith and devotion to the Prophet typical of the period, of 14th-15th century Damascus in particular.
Overall, the article argues that the intended meaning and use of a text as rich as Ǧāmiʿ al-āṯār can be fully grasped only when we put it in close conversation with the Hadith culture and veneration for the Prophet of the time. It suggests the existence of a pervasive “Sira culture” binding people in a relationship of meaning to their shared memories of the life of the Prophet. Such culture was nurtured by remembrance of the Prophet’s excellency and life milestones. It aimed at cultivating salvific feelings of love for the Prophet that would assure believers a secure place in the Afterlife.
Histoire de l’islam au XIIe/XVIIIe siècle : deux livres, trois décennies de recherche
Authors: Mayeur-Jaouen Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Résumé
Le XIIe/XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIIIe/XIXe siècle virent émerger dans le monde musulman de grandes figures de réformateurs, muǧaddids et muǧtahids, perçus comme tels par leurs contemporains. Conscients d’une crise générale du monde musulman et désireux de maintenir l’unité de l’umma, ils souhaitaient y remédier par leurs projets de réforme, et participèrent au renouveau du Hadith qui caractérise les XIe/XVIIe et XIIe/XVIIIe siècle, en écho au IXe/XVe siècle. Beaucoup aussi discutèrent le takfīr, pratiqué par Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Comment les étudier, comment les lire, et avec quelles méthodes ? Ce sont les questions que posent les deux livres recensés ici, tout en éclairant les progrès historiographiques dans l’histoire intellectuelle et religieuse du XIIe/XVIIIe siècle.
Le livre important d’Ahmad Dallal, Islam without Europe : Traditions of Reform in Eighteenth-Century Islamic Thought, paru en 2018, part de la lecture attentive des œuvres de six réformateurs, inscrits dans une tradition érudite yéménite et indienne : Ibn al-Amīr al-Ṣanʿānī (1099/1688-1182/1769), Šāh Walī Llāh al-Dihlāwī (Shah Waliullah, 1114/1703-1176/1762), Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (1115/1703-1206/1792), ʿUṯmān b. Fūdī (Usman Dan Fodio, 1168/1754-1232/1817), Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Šawkānī (1173/1759-1250/1834) et Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Sanūsī (1202/1787-1276/1859). Fort savant, militant, mais malheureusement représentatif d’une histoire textuelle peu contextualisée, Islam without Europe est un livre très utile, qui encourage la lecture comparative des principaux auteurs abordés, al-Šawkānī en particulier.
Il est pourtant possible de lire les sources primaires dans une vraie réflexion d’historien. C’est le propos de Stefan Reichmuth dans The World of Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī, paru en 2009, sur Murtaḍā l-Zabīdī (m. 1205/1791), savant indien formé au Yémen et installé en Égypte. Mêlant biographie, étude de réseaux, histoire générale de la pensée islamique au XIIe/XVIIIe siècle dans son ancrage social, politique et économique, le livre conclut à l’humanisme de ce savant musulman et soufi.
Sayyids, Tribal Kinship, and the Imamate in Zaydi Yemen under Imam Yaḥyā Sharaf al-Dīn (d. 965/1558)
Authors: Pukhovaia Ekaterina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies of Zaydi Yemen tend to underline the divisions, rather than connections, between sayyids, descendants of the Prophet, and tribal groups in the political sphere. This paper answers the question what value family connections to tribes had for ambitious sayyids in early modern Yemen who wanted to become Zaydi imams. To this end, the article examines a section of Imam Yaḥyā Sharaf al-Dīn’s (d. 965/1558) unpublished biography, containing the genealogy of his second wife, Tāj al-Bahāʾ bint al-shaykh Sharaf al-Dīn. The paper argues that the imam and his circle valued the connections that the marriage to a daughter of a shaykh brought to the imamate, and that it is due to its symbolic value for the legitimacy of the imamate that her genealogy was included in the biography.
Changing the Narrative through Mothers, Daughters, and Sons
Authors: Legendre Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article offers a reassessment of the ties between the families of two half-brothers, ʿ⁠Abd al-ʿ⁠Azīz and ʿ⁠Abd al-Malik sons of Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam. The first succeeded their father as caliph, while the second was governor of Egypt at the turn of the eighth century. The modern historiography has made much of ninth- and tenth-century narratives of opposition between the two. Those narratives are reassessed with a focus on how ties of kinship were used as a literary tool to build a distinctive memory of the Marwanid family. Even if moments of competition are recorded between the two, the families of those two men were instrumental to the success of the Marwanids as a caliphal family. The focus here is on marriage ties between their sons and daughters as well as on how the sons and their fathers participated in the same marriage patterns. The paper offers to shift our perspective by placing emphasis on family members that are usually not given proper attention: mothers, daughters, sisters and a wider pool of sons.
Entrusting a Witch with a Baby: the 2014 Constituent Assembly and the Failure of a Constitution Making-Process in Tanzania
Authors: Mandi Idd R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Constitution-making, especially the one that relates to a constitutional replacement, is an important process in any democratic polity. Such process offers citizens an opportunity to exercise their most important constitutional and political power, which is called “constituent power” – the power to constitute a constitution and framework of government. The chief purpose of a constitution is to control and limit governmental powers. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to deny the government or powerholders the right to make a constitution. Thus, parliament and government generally have no power to make a constitution. Instead, the people have the right to exercise such power. This is the essence of the idea of constituent power. To entrust parliament or Members of Parliament (MP s) with the constitution-making responsibility is like to leave a baby in the custody of a witch, an action that can be perilous. This is what happened in 2014. The Constituent Assembly was convoked to debate a constitutional draft that the Constitutional Review Commission prepared. However, to allow all MP s to participate in the Assembly was a fundamental mistake. Members of Parliament used that opportunity to frustrate all major constitutional reforms that people recommended. This paper discusses the 2014 Constituent Assembly, especially its composition and the consequent impact on the process as a whole. The paper employs the principles of popular sovereignty, constituent power and democracy as its analytical tools.
Proving Environmental Harm in Inter-State Litigation: Challenges and Evolving Strategies
Authors: Sironi De Gregorio Francesca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the work is to systematize the discipline of the proof of environmental harm in inter-State litigation, examining, in light of the practice of international courts and tribunals, the following five aspects: (i) definition of the actionable ‘environmental damage’; (ii) burden of proof and presentation of evidence; (iii) means and methods of proof; (iv) standard of proof; and (v) evaluation of the damage. The analysis takes into account the most relevant case law and doctrinal studies in the field, reconstructing a general framework, whilst taking into account specificities that might derive from specific applicable regimes. The main aim of the work is to assess whether the challenges in proving environmental harm are fostering – or have already led to – the creation of a different set of applicable rules on evidence.
The Italian Supreme Court and the European ne bis in idem Principle: A Correct Decision Worthy of Some Criticism
Authors: Nascimbeni Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The judgment gives the opportunity to focus on the ne bis in idem principle as established at the European Union level. Accordingly, after an analysis of the facts of the case and of the judgment of the Italian Supreme Court, some inquiries on the nature of the principle will pave the way for a critical assessment of the decision’s legal reasoning, notwithstanding the correctness of the final outcome.
TNFα induces Caspase-3 activity in hematopoietic progenitor cells CD34+, CD33+, and CD41 + of myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Iriani Anggraini , Rachman Andhika , Setiabudy Rahayuningsih D. , Kresno Siti B. , Sudoyo Aru W. , Arief Mansyur , Harahap Alida R. , Fatina Marsya Kaila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cytopenia is the primary feature of Myelodysplastic Syndrome, even in the presence of hypercellular bone marrow. TNFα is recognized as both a proinflammatory, and proapoptotic cytokine with a well established role in promoting apoptosis in MDS. Therefore, TNFα has the potential to be a valuable biomarker for predicting the progression of cytopenia in MDS. This study aims to establish the role of TNFα exposure in triggering apoptosis through caspase-3 activity in CD34+, CD33+, and CD41 + cells in MDS.

Methods
This study is an in vitro comparative experimental research. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated as the source of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Subsequently, CD34+, CD33+, and CD41 + cells were exposed to rhTNFα, and the caspase-3 activity was measured using flowcytometry.

Results
In MDS CD33 + and CD41 + caspase-3 activity of rhTNFα exposed cells was significantly higher than without exposed cells. The opposite result was found in CD34 + cells, where the caspase-3 activity without rhTNFα exposed cells was significantly higher than rhTNFα exposed cells.

Conclusion
rhTNFα exposure led to an elevation in caspase-3 activity in MDS progenitor cells, especially in those that had differentiated into myeloid cell CD33 + and megakaryocyte cell CD41+, as opposed to the early progenitor cells CD34+.
Genome-wide association analysis unveils candidate genes and loci associated with aplasia cutis congenita in pigs
Authors: Zhou Fuchen , Wang Shenghui , Qin Haojun , Zeng Haiyu , Ye Jian , Yang Jie , Cai Gengyuan , Wu Zhenfang , Zhang Zebin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the localized or widespread absence of skin in humans and animals. Individuals with ACC may experience developmental abnormalities in the skeletal and muscular systems, as well as potential complications. Localized and isolated cases of ACC can be treated through surgical and medical interventions, while extensive cases of ACC may result in neonatal mortality. The presence of ACC in pigs has implications for animal welfare. It contributes to an elevated mortality rate among piglets at birth, leading to substantial economic losses in the pig farming industry. In order to elucidate candidate genetic loci associated with ACC, we performed a Genome-Wide Association Study analysis on 216 Duroc pigs. The primary goal of this study was to identify candidate genes that associated with ACC.

Results
This study identified nine significant SNPs associated with ACC. Further analysis revealed the presence of two quantitative trait loci, 483 kb (5:18,196,971–18,680,098) on SSC 5 and 159 kb (13:20,713,440–207294431 bp) on SSC13. By annotating candidate genes within a 1 Mb region surrounding the significant SNPs, a total of 11 candidate genes were identified on SSC5 and SSC13, including KRT71, KRT1, KRT4, ITGB7, CSAD, RARG, SP7, PFKL, TRPM2, SUMO3, and TSPEAR.

Conclusions
The results of this study further elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying and genetic architecture of ACC and identify reliable candidate genes. These results lay the foundation for treating and understanding ACC in humans.
Leprosy with type 1 reaction in a patient from Ontario, Canada without recent travel misdiagnosed as vasculitic neuropathy: a case report
Authors: Driedger Matt , Teo Iris , Roth Virginia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Leprosy is rare within non-endemic countries such as Canada, where cases are almost exclusively imported from endemic regions, often presenting after an incubation period of as many as 20 years. Due to its rarity and prolonged incubation period, diagnosis is often delayed, which may result in neurologic impairment prior to the initiation of treatment. In this report we describe a case that is novel in its incubation period, which is the longest reported to-date and may have contributed to diagnostic delay. The case also uniquely demonstrates the challenges of distinguishing leprosy reactions from new rheumatologic manifestations in a patient with established autoimmune disease.

Case presentation
We describe an 84-year-old male patient with rheumatoid arthritis on methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine, with no travel history outside Canada for 56 years, who presented in 2019 with new-onset paresthesias and rash. His paresthesias persisted despite a short course of prednisone, and his rash recurred after initial improvement. He underwent skin biopsy in May 2021, which eventually led to the diagnosis of leprosy. He was diagnosed with type 1 reaction and was started on rifampin, dapsone, clofazimine and prednisone, with which his rash resolved but his neurologic impairment remained.

Conclusion
This case report serves to highlight the potential for leprosy to present after markedly prolonged incubation periods. This is especially relevant in non-endemic countries that is home to an aging demographic of individuals who migrated decades ago from endemic countries. The importance of this concept is emphasized by the persistent neurologic impairment suffered by our case due to untreated type 1 reaction. We also demonstrate the necessity of skin biopsy in distinguishing this diagnosis from other autoimmune mimics in a patient with known autoimmune disease.