bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of partial resistance in potato cultivars exposed to aggressive strains ofPhytophthora infestans
Authors: Flier W. G. , Van Den Bosch G. B. M. , Turkensteen L. J. 
Published: June 2003

Potato cultivars were evaluated for their resistance responses to aggressive strains ofPhytophthora infestansin field and laboratory experiments. Analysis of variance revealed differential cultivar‐by‐isolate interactions for both foliar and tuber blight resistance. Differential responses occur as revealed by specific susceptibilities of cultivars to certain pathogen genotypes and changing rank order. In general, severity of late blight epidemics as observed in the haulms did not correlate well with foliar blight resistance ratings as presented in the National List of Recommended Potato Varieties. No significant correlation was found between tuber blight incidence under field conditions and the tuber blight rating in the National List. Also, there was no relation between the field and laboratory tuber blight resistance assessments. A significant association was demonstrated between late blight infection in the foliage and tuber blight incidence under field conditions. The presence of differential interaction, independent of R‐gene‐based resistance, indicates some adaptation ofP. infestansto partial resistance and consequently adverse effects on the stability and durability of partial resistance to potato late blight.
Influence of spatial structure on pathogen colonization and extinction: a test using an experimental metapopulation
Authors: Thrall P. H. , Godfree R. , Burdon J. J. 
Published: June 2003

The Linum marginale–Melampsora lini plant–pathogen interaction has been studied extensively with regard to its epidemiology and population genetic structure (host resistance and pathogen virulence) in a natural metapopulation. In this study, this system was used in an experimental metapopulation approach to investigate explicitly how the distance (degree of isolation) between local population patches influences disease dynamics within a growing season, as well as the genetic structure of pathogen populations through stochastic colonization and extinction processes. The experimental design centred on four replicate sets of populations, within which patches were spaced at increasingly greater distances apart. Each patch consisted of an identical set of host and pathogen genotypes, with each pathogen genotype having the ability to attack only one of four host‐resistance types. Over the 2 years of the experiment, the results showed clear ‘boom‐and‐bust’ epidemic patterns, with the strongest determinant of disease dynamics within a growing season being the identity of particular host–pathogen genotypic combinations. However, there were also significant effects of spatial structure, in that more isolated patches tended to exhibit lower levels of disease during epidemic peaks than patches that were close together. Extinction of pathogen genotypes from individual populations was positively related to the severity of disease during preceding epidemic peaks, but negatively related to the level of disease present at the final census prior to overwintering. The probability of recolonization of pathotypes into populations during the second growing season was most strongly related to the distance to the nearest neighbouring source population in which a given pathotype was present. Overall, these results highlight the importance of spatial scale in influencing the numerical and genetical dynamics of pathogen populations.
Artificial reproduction of atypical hydroa vacciniforme caused by latent Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Heo E. P. , Park S. H. , Kim T.‐H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground Cases of hydroa vacciniforme‐like eruptions caused by latent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection have been reported in Asia and Mexico, some of which progressed to lymphoproliferative disorders. The precise clinical features of the disease are not, however, clear.Methods We performed an artificial provocation test with repeated exposures of ultraviolet A (UVA) and UVB in an 8‐year‐old Korean girl who had severe hydroa vacciniforme‐like skin eruptions on exposed areas.Results The patient showed features of latent EBV infection serologically, and an in situ hybridization study indicated that most infiltrating mononuclear cells in the dermis were positive for EBV. After three exposures to UVA irradiation with a total dose of 90 J/cm2, erythema and vesicles appeared on the UVA‐irradiated site but not on the UVB‐irradiated site.Conclusions Atypical hydroa vacciniforme caused by latent EBV infection could be reproduced by repeated UVA irradiation. Further study on the photo‐protection would be necessary to prevent its progression to lymphoproliferative malignancies.
Alopecia areata: psychiatric comorbidity and adjustment to illness
Authors: Ruiz‐Doblado Sergio , Carrizosa Ana , García‐Hernández Maria Jose 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground Decades ago, alopecia areata (AA) was regarded as a well‐known example of psychosomatic disease. The poor development of measurement methods and criteria for the classification of psychiatric disorders at that time was probably partly to blame for the lack of methodologic validity of some studies.Methods We studied a random sample of 32 patients with AA (patchy form). Sociodemographic, dermatologic, and psychiatric variables were collected. Psychiatric examination was carried out by standardized interviews: Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE), and Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), using the Research Diagnostic Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, to assess the diagnosis. A descriptive and association study was performed, correlating the patient's adjustment and adaptation to the illness to various factors (linear regression techniques and analysis of variance).Results Sixty‐six per cent of patients presented with psychiatric comorbidity, mainly adjustment disorders (F.43.2), generalized anxiety disorders (F.41.1), and depressive episodes (F.32). Overall adaptation to the illness, however, was satisfactory, showing few repercussions in family or social life, work, or sexual adjustment. Poor adjustment was associated with a dependent personality (Pearson's r = 0.66), antisocial personality (r = 0.39), generalized anxiety (P = 0.003), and depression (P = 0.02).Conclusions There is a high psychiatric comorbidity in AA (anxiety and mood disorders), requiring systematic psychiatric evaluations of these patients. A satisfactory overall adaptation to mild/moderate forms of the disease is the norm, but adaptation and comorbidity in severe forms (totalis, universalis) are unknown. A dermatology/liaison psychiatry setting could improve the management of AA.
Periorbital edema as the presenting sign of dermatomyositis
Authors: Hall V. C. , Keeling J. H. , Davis M. D. P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground Periorbital edema can occur in dermatomyositis, which is characterized by symmetric macular erythema, Gottron's papules, Gottron's sign, periungual telangiectasia, heliotrope rash, and poikilodermatous macules on the shoulders, arms, or upper back (shawl sign).Case report We report the case of an 81‐year‐old man with dramatic periorbital edema. It was not until he was hospitalized with dysphagia 6 months after developing the edema that the diagnosis of dermatomyositis was considered.Results Laboratory tests, skin biopsy, and electromyography resulted in a diagnosis of dermatomyositis.Conclusions Periorbital edema may appear as the presenting cutaneous manifestation of dermatomyositis.
A case of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma without paraproteinemia presenting as a solitary tumor on the thigh
Authors: Chang Sung Eun , Lee Won Sin , Lee Mi Woo , Choi Jee Ho , Sung Kyung Jeh , Moon Kee Chan , Koh Jai Kyoung 
Published: June 2003

A 82‐year‐old Korean woman had had a 6‐month history of an asymptomatic, flat, hard, red to brown tumor on her right thigh. This lesion had been slowly enlarging with an advancing margin. She had noted gradually developing pain associated with necrosis and ulceration on the lesion. Examination revealed a solitary, 8 × 7.5 cm, yellow to dark red, telangiectatic tumor with multiple areas of punched out ulceration and a peripheral elevated yellowish margin on the right inner upper thigh (Fig. 1). No clinically similar lesions on the periorbital area or other sites were seen. Histologic examination revealed a massive palisading granulomatous infiltration with several layers of extensive bands of necrobiotic zone in the entire dermis and deep subcutaneous tissue (Fig. 2a). In the granulomatous infiltrate in the dermis and subcutis, many various‐shaped, some bizarre, angulated, foreign‐body type multinucleated giant cells, many Touton giant cells, and a few Langhans giant cells were found to be scattered (Fig. 2b). There were numerous xanthomatized histiocytes. Dense infiltration of lymphoplasma cells was seen in the periphery of the granuloma and perivascularly. Conspicuous granulomatous panniculitis composed of lymphoplasma cells, polymorphonuclear cells, foam cells, and Touton and foreign‐body giant cells was also seen. However, cholesterol clefts and lymphoid follicles were not seen. Subcutaneous septae were widened by necrobiotic change and fibrosis with thrombosed large vessels. Gram, Gomeri‐methenamine silver and acid‐fast stains were negative. The necrobiotic areas were positive to alcian blue. Laboratory investigation revealed elevated white blood cell counts, anemia and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The following parameters were within the normal range: lipids, glucose, renal and liver function tests, serum complements, serum immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins and antinuclear antibodies. The findings of chest X‐ray, skull X‐ray and ectorcardiography were normal. Serum electrophoresis and serum immunoelectrophoresis revealed no abnormality. The patient was diagnosed as having necrobiotic xanthogranuloma without paraproteinemia. She was treated with oral steroid (0.5–0.6 mg/kg) and NSAIDS for 1 month with partial improvement of pain and the lesion ceased to enlarge. In the following 1 year of follow‐up, with only intermittent NSAIDS, her lesion did not progress and there were no signs of systemic involvement or new skin lesions.(a) A solitary, red to brown plaque with multiple ulcerations and a peripheral elevated yellowish margin on the inner upper thighimage(a) A dermal and subcutaneous massive xanthogranulomatous infiltrate with zonal necrobiosis of collagen (× 20). (b) Prominent infiltrate of xanthomatized histiocytes and giant cells with perivascular lymphoplasma cells (H&E, × 100)image
Spectrum of idiopathic photodermatoses in a Mediterranean country
Authors: Stratigos Alexander J. , Antoniou Christina , Papathanakou Evangelia , Daboudi Maria , Tranaka Konstantina , Tsara Konstantina , Katsambas Andreas D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground  Idiopathic photodermatoses are considered to be common disorders in the population of northern latitude countries, presumably because of the dominance of more “sun‐sensitive” individuals with a light‐skinned complexion. The incidence of these disorders in the Mediterranean or tropical countries is often under‐appreciated because of the higher degree of perennial presence of sunlight and the prevalence of darker skin‐type individuals who are seemingly more resistant to the development of sun sensitivity.Methods  We performed a retrospective, chart‐based review of all patients who were diagnosed with idiopathic photodermatoses at a photodermatology referral center in Athens, Greece, during a period of 10 years. Our aim was to assess the pattern of idiopathic photosensitivity disorders in a Mediterranean country and to determine their epidemiological, clinical, and photobiological profile.Results  A total of 310 patients were referred to our center with symptoms of photosensitivity. One hundred and forty‐six patients (47.0%) were diagnosed with an idiopathic photosensitivity disorder by means of history, clinical examination, biochemical screening, histology, and phototesting. The most prevalent disorder was polymorphous light eruption, which was diagnosed in 95 patients (65.0%) of our cohort. Chronic actinic dermatitis occurred in 15 patients (10.2%), solar urticaria in 26 patients (17.8%), actinic prurigo in three patients (2.0%), hydroa vacciniforme in one patient (0.6%) and juvenile spring eruption in six patients (4.1%).Conclusions  Compared with the results of other studies, the prevalence of idiopathic photodermatoses appears to have a similar trend to that of higher latitude countries. Distinct features in our series include the higher incidence of idiopathic photosensitivity in patients with a fair‐skinned complexion (skin types II–III) and the frequent appearance of photo‐induced eruptions during sunny weather breaks in the winter period.
The role of gabapentin in treating diseases with cutaneous manifestations and pain
Authors: Scheinfeld Noah 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackground Gabapentin was first approved by the FDA in 1993 as an add‐on treatment for partial epileptic seizures. In May of 2002, it was approved as treatment for post‐herpetic neuralgia by the Food and Drug Adminstration. It appears to be a promising agent in the treatment of pain, alterations of sensation and pruritus associated with dermatological disease, but no review of these uses exists.Methods Medline and Google searches were performed for the words “Gabapentin” and “Neurontin.” The articles found were reviewed. Article identified that contained references to the treatment of skin disease and neuropathic pain were examined and their contents surveyed.Results Approximately 1200 articles were located n Medline that referred to Garbapentin or Neurontin. Over 150 articles reviewed its use for neuropathic pain, neuritis or neuralgia of various sorts. Approximately 20 articles reviewed its use for a variety of dermatological conditions or diseases with dermatological manifestions that included: pain control associated with wound dressing changes, erythromelagia, piloleiomyoma related pain, brachioradial pruritus, Glossodynia, vulvodynia, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Over 100 articles that related to Gabapentin side effects were reviewed.Conclusions Gabapentin is a very promising medication in the treatment of post‐herpetic neuralgia and pain. Because dermatological patients suffer pain from painful tumors, after surgery, in conjunction with neuropathic ulcers, during dressing changes involving serious medical conditions, its applications seem manifold. Future studies must assess its role in the treatment of pruritus and other dermatological conditions involving pain or alteration of sensation.
Pathogenesis of Potato Gangrene Caused by Phoma exigua var. foveata. I. Location of Phosphatase Activity in Diseased Tuber Tissue
Authors: Giebel J. , Dopierała U. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe nitrocellulose blotting method was adapted for locating phosphatase activities in gangrene‐diseased tuber tissue. Adenine and glucose phosphates were used as enzyme substrates. A strong dephosphorylation of high‐energy phosphates took place in the UV‐fluorescent tissue adjacent to dry rots caused by Phoma exigua var. foveata, but the enzyme remained at a low activity in the other areas of the diseased tuber. Phosphatases were probably induced by P. exigua var. foveata, and intense dephosphorylation of high‐energy compounds leads to the death of potato tuber tissue.
Light and Electron Microscopy of the Compatible Interaction Between Arabidopsis and the Downy Mildew Pathogen Peronospora parasitica
Authors: Soylu E. M. , Soylu S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this study, we focused on compatible interactions between Peronospora parasitica isolate Emoy‐2 and wild‐type (Oy‐0) and mutant (Ws‐eds1) Arabidopsis thaliana accessions by using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Light microscopy of compatible interactions revealed that conidia germinated and penetrated through the anticlinal cell walls of two epidermal cells. Rapid spreading of the hyphal growth with formation of numerous haustoria within the mesophyll cells was subsequently followed by profuse sporulation in the absence of host cell necrosis on both wild‐type and mutant accessions. TEM observations revealed that coenocytic intercellular hyphae ramified and spread intercellularly throughout the host tissue forming several haustoria in host mesophyll cells. Intracellular haustoria were lobed with the diameter of 6–7 μm. Each haustorium was connected to intercellular hyphae in the absence of apparent haustorial neck. The cytoplasm of the haustorium included the organelles characteristic of the pathogen. Callose‐like deposits were frequently observed at sites of penetration around the proximal region of the haustorial neck. Apart from a few callose ensheatments, no obvious response was observed in host cells following formation of haustoria. Most of mesophyll cells contained normal haustoria and the host cytoplasm displayed a high degree of structural integrity. Absence of host cell wall alteration and cell death in penetrated host cell of both accessions suggest that the pathogen exerts considerable control over basic cellular processes and in this respect, response to this biotroph oomycete differs considerably from responses to other pathogens such as necrotrophs.
Nested PCR Assays for Detection of Monilinia fructicola in Stone Fruit Orchards and Botryosphaeria dothidea from Pistachios in California
Authors: Ma Z. , Luo Y. , Michailides T. J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractNested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed based on microsatellite regions for detection of Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, and Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of panicle and shoot blight of pistachio. The nested PCR primers specific to M. fructicola were developed based upon the sequence of a species‐specific DNA fragment amplified by microsatellite primer M13. The external and internal primer pairs EMfF + EMfR and IMfF + IMfR amplified a 571‐ and a 468‐bp fragment, respectively, from M. fructicola, but not from any other fungal species present in stone fruit orchards. The nested PCR primer pairs specific to B. dothidea were developed based upon the sequence of a species‐specific 1330‐bp DNA fragment amplified by microsatellite primer T3B. The external and internal primer pairs EBdF + EBdR and IBdF + IBdR amplified a 701‐ and a 627‐bp fragment, respectively, from B. dothidea, but not from any other fungal species associated with pistachio. The nested PCR assays were sensitive enough to detect the specific fragments in 1 fg of M. fructicola or B. dothidea DNA or in the DNA from only two conidia of M. fructicola or B. dothidea. The nested PCR assays could detect small numbers of M. fructicola conidia caught on spore‐trap tapes and detect visible infections of B. dothidea in pistachio tissues. Microsatellite regions with high numbers of copies are widely dispersed in eukaryotic genomes. The results of this study indicate that microsatellite regions could be useful in developing highly sensitive PCR detection systems for phytopathogenic fungi.
First Report ofAlternariaLeaf Spot on Gerbera (Gerbera jamesoniiH. Bolux ex J. D. Hook) in Bulgaria
Authors: Mirkova E. , Konstantinova P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAlternarialeaf spots of gerbera (Gerbera jamesoniiH. Bolus ex J. D. Hook) were observed on plants from different greenhouses on commercial plants in Bulgaria. The symptoms of the disease on the leaves were characterized by the development of brown, small, scattered dots, which gradually enlarged and coalesced to form large, oval, circular or irregular, brown to black lesions with concentric rings. Affected plants showed lower vitality, suppressed development and fewer, smaller, distorted in shape flowers.Alternariaisolates, obtained from infected leaf tissues were grown in pure culture and the morphological characteristics of the colony and sporulation apparatus were determined. DNA, extracted from the fungal isolates was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers ITS1/ITS4, amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The resulting products were sequenced and compared for homology with other species in the GeneBank. The isolates showed 94% homology of the ITS region with eitherAlternaria alternata,A. arborescens,A. tenuissima,A. longipes,A. liniorA. smyrnii. None of the studied isolates was amplified with theA. alternataspecific primers AAF2/AAR3, indicating that they are pathogenic varieties of it or belong to another species. Pathogenicity tests on 10 gerbera cultivars revealed that all of them were susceptible toAlternarialeaf spot. Additional tests on nine other crops (Solanum lycopersicum,Calendula officinalis,Capsicum annuum,Celosia argantea,Pelargoniumspp.,Petunia hybrida,Nicotiana tabacum,Cucurbita moscataandRaphanus sativusvar.radicina) and on tomato or pepper fruits, potato tubers and carrot roots also indicated that all tested plant species were potential hosts of the disease. This is the first report of highly virulent isolates ofAlternariaspp. in Bulgaria that cause leaf spots on gerbera in greenhouses.
Summer Epidemics of Apple Scab: The Relationship between Measurements and their Implications for the Development of Predictive Models and Threshold Levels under Different Disease Control Regimes
Authors: Holb I. J. , Heijne B. , Jeger M. J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA 2‐year study on epidemic progress of apple scab was conducted at Randwijk, the Netherlands, in 1998 and 1999. The summer epidemic caused by conidia was studied instead of the well‐described spring season epidemic originating from ascospores. The aim was to investigate relationships between disease measurements, i.e. disease incidence and severity measures of apple scab, and their implications for the development of predictive models and threshold levels. The study characterized good relationships between the measurements on cultivar Jonagold using regression analyses in three disease control regimes (untreated, organic and integrated). For fruit quality prediction, the relationship between fruit incidence (If) and leaf incidence (Il) in the organic control regime was given by If = 1.966 + 0.402 × (Il) (R2 = 0.92). As a result of low level of disease in the integrated control regime, shoot incidence (Is), with higher values than leaf incidence, was better suited for prediction. The relationship was given by If = −0.162 + 0.028 × (Is) (R2 = 0.91). For the integrated control regime, disease threshold levels were constructed for timing of the final fungicide application. If an apple grower wants to keep fruit infection under 1% incidence (harvest scab threshold), the timing of the final fungicide application (action threshold) should correspond to 4% shoot scab incidence at the beginning of August. The results are compared with similar studies and their biological interpretation is discussed.
Production of a Monoclonal Antibody to Sugarcane mosaic virus and its Application for Virus Detection in China
Authors: Jiang J. X. , Chen Z. X. , Zhou X. P. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThree monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against the virion protein of Sugarcane mosaic virus Zhejiang isolate (SCMV‐ZJ). All three MAbs, which belong to the immunoglobulin (IgG1) subclass, reacted with isolates of SCMV but not with seven other viruses tested by indirect antigen‐coating plate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (ACP‐ELISA). MAb 2B5 was used in indirect ACP‐ELISA for the detection of SCMV in maize leaf samples showing dwarf mosaic symptoms, and all 176 were found to be infected. Results of ACP‐ELISA with MAb 2B5 correlated well with those obtained by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using the same tissues. This demonstrates that MAb 2B5 can be used to detect isolates of SCMV in field samples and that the virus is possibly the most common cause of maize dwarf mosaic disease in different parts of China.