bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Leading Circulation Patterns of Meiyu Onset in the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley and Its Relationship With the North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Yin Haoran , Yao Suxiang , Sun Tianle 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Meiyu rainfall anomaly is closely associated with the early or late onset of Meiyu, and accurately predicting its onset is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study examines the diverse circulation patterns governing the Meiyu onset in the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley and elucidates its underlying mechanism through statistical diagnosis and numerical simulation. The findings indicate that over the recent 31 years, three distinct circulation patterns of the Meiyu onset (referred to as MO‐I, MO‐II and MO‐III) with different blocking situations in mid‐high latitude are observed. The Rossby wave trains connect the weather systems in the mid‐high latitude and subtropical regions, leading to the coevolution of the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH), the South Asian High (SAH), the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet (EASWJ) and the Ural blocking pattern. Furtherly, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Atlantic prior to the Meiyu onset can stimulate the key Rossby wave trains that pass through the Ural Mountains and connect with the East Asian subtropical zone. In MO‐I, a dipole SST pattern characterised by positive anomalies in southeast Greenland and negative anomalies in the mid‐latitude West Atlantic induces negative geopotential anomalies over the Ural Mountains. Concurrently, the WPSH and the SAH exhibit weakened intensities compared to their climatological states, resulting in a delayed onset date relative to the other two types. Conversely, SST anomalies of MO‐III exhibit an opposite pattern to MO‐I, and the concurrent intensified Ural Blocking High, WPSH and SAH facilitate the earliest Meiyu onset. For MO‐II, an antiphase distribution of SST anomalies in the mid‐latitude West Atlantic and southern Iceland stimulates two wave trains along the polar front jet and the EASWJ, producing a circulation similar to the climatological state of the Meiyu onset. This research can serve as a foundation for Meiyu prediction and monitoring.
Transition Metal‐Based High‐Entropy Materials for Catalysis
Authors: Lee Jiwoo , Seo Jin Ho , Gao Bo , Jang Ho Won 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHigh‐entropy materials (HEMs) have emerged as a pioneering paradigm in recent years, drawing substantial interest due to their unique combination of diverse elemental constituents and homogeneous solid‐solution structure. This novel material class not only opens up extensive potential for materials discovery through a broad spectrum of elemental combinations but also facilitates fine‐tuning of properties thanks to its distinctive microstructural characteristics. HEMs have garnered considerable attention across various applications, particularly in catalysis. The virtually infinite variations in elemental and compositional combinations within these multi‐elemental systems enable meticulous optimization of the catalytic performance. Additionally, the high‐entropy solid‐solution structure potentially enhances structural, thermal, and chemical stability, which is vital for ensuring functionality under harsh conditions. Herein, we thoroughly explore the exceptional attributes of HEMs, designing strategies for transition metal‐based catalysis, and three major catalytic fields of HEMs: electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and thermocatalysis. This discussion aspires to provide valuable perspectives into the advancements and innovations in catalyst design and development.
Comparison of water exchange measurements between filter‐exchange imaging and diffusion time‐dependent kurtosis imaging in the human brain
Authors: Li Zhaoqing , Liang Chunjing , He Qingping , Feiweier Thorsten , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Li Jianhua , Bai Ruiliang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeFilter‐exchange imaging (FEXI) and diffusion time (t)‐dependent kurtosis imaging (DKI(t)) are two diffusion‐based methods that have been proposed for in vivo measurements of water exchange rates. Few studies have directly compared these methods. We aimed to investigate whether FEXI and DKI(t) yield comparable water exchange measurements in the human brain in vivo.MethodsEight healthy volunteers underwent multiple‐direction FEXI and DKI(t) acquisitions on a 3T scanner. We performed region of interest (ROI) analysis to determine correlations between FEXI‐derived apparent exchange rate (AXR) and DKI(t)‐derived reciprocal of exchange time ().ResultsIn both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM), DKI(t) revealed substantial diffusion‐time dependence of diffusivity and kurtosis. However, at t ≥ 100 ms, the diffusivity showed weak time dependence. In WM, this time dependence may be due to water exchange between myelin water and “free” water with different T1 values, although other factors, such as remaining restrictive effects from microstructural barriers, cannot be excluded. We found a significant correlation between DKI(t)‐derived and FEXI‐derived AXR in the axial direction within WM. No such correlation was present in GM, although both values showed similar ranges.ConclusionThese results suggest that FEXI and DKI(t) could be sensitive to the same water exchange process only when the diffusion time in DKI(t) is sufficiently long, and only in WM. In both GM and WM, the restrictive effect of microstructure is non‐negligible, especially at short diffusion times (<100 ms).
Auxiliary Model‐Based Maximum Likelihood Multi‐Innovation Forgetting Gradient Identification for a Class of Multivariable Systems
Authors: Wang Huihui , Liu Ximei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThrough dividing a multivariable system into several subsystems, this paper derives the sub‐identification model. Utilizing the obtained sub‐identification model, an auxiliary model‐based maximum likelihood forgetting gradient algorithm is derived. Considering enhancing the parameter estimation accuracy, the auxiliary model‐based maximum likelihood multi‐innovation forgetting gradient (AM‐ML‐MIFG) algorithm is proposed taking advantage of the multi‐innovation identification theory. Simulation results test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, and confirm that the proposed AM‐ML‐MIFG algorithm has satisfactory performance in capturing the dynamic properties of the system.
Does not‐for‐profit corporatization of local public services improve performance?
Authors: Alonso José M. , Andrews Rhys 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe corporatization of local public services is an increasingly common public management reform worldwide. This study investigates whether a shift from in‐house to not‐for‐profit corporatized service provision can result in improvements across multiple dimensions of performance. To do so, we examine the staggered adoption of Arms‐Length Management Organizations (ALMOs) to provide social housing by a third of English local governments during the period 2000 to 2008. Utilizing a Differences‐in‐Differences (DiD) with Multiple Time Periods (MTP) approach, we find that corporatized social housing outperformed in‐house provision on service quality, citizen satisfaction, and environmental sustainability, with little evidence of worse achievements on other performance dimensions. Event history analysis suggests performance benefits emerged around 2 years after corporatization occurred. Our study therefore implies that not‐for‐profit corporatization is potentially an effective strategy for improving local public service performance.
Degradation of Methylene Blue by Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Coupled With Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Fe3O4 Composite Nanofibers Having a Rough Surface
Authors: Li Longwei , Sun Xiaoyan , Sun Xiaoyue , Kang Jiahui , Liu Fan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA comb shaped surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) reactor coupled with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/Fe3O4 composite nanofibers was investigated to degrade methylene blue (MB) in water. The PVDF/Fe3O4 nanofibers with a rough surface were prepared when the proportion of Fe3O4 NPs in a 14 wt% PVDF spinning solution was 7 wt%. Compared to SDBD plasma alone, the addition of PVDF/Fe3O4 nanofibers significantly increased the degradation rate, degradation amount, kinetic constant, energy efficiency, and chemical oxygen demand removal rate of the MB solution. Active species trapping test revealed that •OH played the most important role during MB degradation, •O2−, H2O2, electrons, and holes were also crucial. After five repeated uses, the PVDF/Fe3O4 nanofibers maintained high catalytic activity, chemical stability, and mechanical strength.
Reliability Modeling and Analysis of Competing Failure Systems With Damage Evolution Effect
Authors: Kang Fengming , Qiu Qingan , Zhou Yu , Jia Xujie , Gao Hongda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn practical industrial engineering, systems with dependent and competing failure modes, such as aerospace systems and civil engineering structures, are ubiquitous. These systems usually simultaneously experience two failure modes: gradual internal degradation and external shock. The ultimate failure of the system results from the competition between the soft failure processes and the hard failure processes. With the wide application of intelligent management and artificial intelligence systems, this paper particularly focuses on the damage evolution processes of a system with intelligent characteristics, such as the damage self‐healing processes. By combining the cumulative shock model with the shock model to create a mixed shock model, we analyze the evolution processes of internal performance degradation and external shock damage induced by the self‐healing mechanism. We propose a novel system reliability model with dependent and competing failure processes that has practical significance for improving the accuracy of competing failure systems reliability assessments. Finally, to verify the practicability and validity of the model, empirical studies were conducted using examples of the corrosion process and prestressed strength of concrete degradation of reinforcement concrete (RC) pillar pier of sea bridges with pre‐mixed self‐healing capsules.
Examining Adolescent Reading Engagement: Design and Validation of the Teacher‐Reported Reading Engagement Survey (TRRES)
Authors: Cubillos Montserrat , Zegers Mónica , Inciarte Himilcon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to design and validate the Teacher‐Reported Reading Engagement Survey (TRRES) to complement self‐reported measures and comprehensively assess reading engagement among adolescents. Drawing insights from literature and expert feedback, a new 10‐item Likert scale instrument was created, capturing three facets of reading engagement: behavioral, social, and cognitive (Lee et al., 2021). A sample of 534 low‐income 8th and 9th graders from Santiago, Chile, was used to assess TRRES's reliability for educational settings. Face validity was confirmed through expert reviews and exit interviews. Internal validity was rigorously assessed with Item Response Theory (IRT). Specifically, a polytomous Rasch model confirmed a unidimensional construct. For reliability measures, Expected A Posteriori (EAP) and Cronbach's alpha were used, resulting in very high reliability (EAP = 0.83; alpha = 0.96). To increase TRRES' practical use among teachers, a 3‐item version (TRRES‐A) was evaluated following criteria of being short and easy to use, yielding high reliability (EAP = 0.79; alpha = 0.87). Results highlight TRRES‐A as a short, practical, and highly reliable screener for measuring reading engagement through adolescence. The initial 10‐item version, suitable for qualitative purposes, complements the shorter version's practicality. Limitations include the TRRES's constrained sensitivity in distinguishing students with low levels of engagement, emphasizing the need for fine‐grained analyses that yield this type of finding and inform stakeholders' decisions when choosing an instrument. Findings suggest valuable applications for educators, researchers, and policymakers seeking nuanced insights into reading engagement among adolescents.
Crossover of Frenkel and Wannier–Mott Excitons Through Halide Composition Tuning in Mixed Halide Perovskites
Authors: Kaur Jagjit , Chakraborty Sudip 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing first‐principles G0W0 (G0 is one‐electron Green’s function and W0 is the dynamical screening Coloumb potential) coupled Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) calculations with spin‐orbit coupling, exceptionally strong excitonic effects are identified in several bismuth‐based vacancy‐ordered mixed halide double perovskites. These perovskites are thermodynamically stable with negative formation energy. For Cs3Bi2X9 (X = Cl,Br,I) double perovskites, both the bandgap and excitonic binding energy decrease as the size of the halogen atom increases. The excitonic effects can be tuned in mixed halide perovskites such as Cs3Bi2I6Cl3, Cs3Bi2I6Br3, Cs3Bi2Br6I3, Cs3Bi2Cl6Br3, Cs3Bi2Br6Cl3, and Cs3Bi2Cl6I3. This study reports the exciton radiative lifetimes of the vacancy‐ordered perovskites, revealing that these excitons exhibit long radiative lifetimes, particularly for Cs3Bi2Br6I3 with 11141 at 300 K and 24 at 5 K. The long radiative lifetimes are linked to the delocalization of the exciton (Wannier–Mott type) in real space, whereas the more localized exciton (Frenkel type) in Cs3Bi2Cl6Br3 results in shorter radiative lifetimes of 155 at 300 K and 334 ns at 5 K. Due to their long exciton lifetime, these materials present interesting opportunities for photovoltaic applications.
High‐Efficiency Y6 Homojunction Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Secondary Hole Transport Layer
Authors: McAnally Shaun , Brooks Eucalyptus , Lindsay Oliver , Burn Paul L. , Gentle Ian R. , Shaw Paul E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractY6 homojunction solar cells are prepared using the exciton/electron‐blocking material poly[9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐N‐(4‐sec‐butylphenyl)diphenylamine] (TFB) as a secondary hole transport layer material in conjunction with PEDOT:PSS. Using this device architecture, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.57% is achieved, which is the highest reported thus far for a solution‐processed small molecule homojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) device. The devices display an unexpectedly low thickness dependence, with the average PCE only decreasing by ≈17% when the Y6 active layer thickness is increased from 80 to 300 nm. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements show that the TFB does not contribute to charge generation through photoinduced hole or electron transfer. However, transient absorption spectroscopy on thin films of neat Y6 and a 1:1 blend of Y6:TFB shows that the TFB enhances the formation of the long‐lived Y6 intermolecular charge‐transfer state in the blend film. It is found that careful selection of the electron transport layer (ETL) is required to avoid unintended charge generation at the interface with Y6 so as to ensure that the device is a true homojunction. The improved efficiency of this architecture is attributed to the electron‐blocking and hole‐extraction effects of the TFB layer.
Color Tuning and Efficiency Enhancement of Transparent c‐Si Solar Cells with Ag/TiO2 Double Layer
Authors: Lee Kangmin , Yeop Jiwoo , Park Jeonghwan , Son Jung Geon , Kim Jin Young , Seo Kwanyong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTransparent solar cells maximize installation space by being applicable to glass areas such as building windows and sunroofs, necessitating high power conversion efficiency (PCE), long‐term stability, and aesthetic appeal. This study demonstrates the development of transparent crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells that exhibit vivid colors, enhanced PCE, and long‐term stability. To achieve vivid coloration, a metal‐oxide‐based color filter with a single metal layer and TiO2 thin films, which show high transmittance, is integrated into the neutral‐colored transparent c‐Si solar cells. As a result, the proposed all‐inorganic‐based transparent solar cells exhibited red, green, and blue colors, achieved a high PCE of 15.3%, and demonstrated long‐term stability for up to 1000 h by leveraging c‐Si solar cells in conjunction with all inorganic color filters.
Sustainable Practices for Diminishing Nitrate Leaching
Authors: Gharahi Nasrin , Zamani‐Ahmadmahmoodi Rasool 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInvestigating the factors affecting water and salt movement in the soil and utilizing new amendments, such as mineral nanoparticles and biochar, can significantly contribute to proper land management and reduce nitrate (NO3–) leaching, thus preventing groundwater pollution. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mineral nanoparticles and biochar derived from wheat residues on NO3– leaching from the soil and soil particle stability. The treatments used in this study included three treatments: nanozeolite, nanoclosite, and biochar, each at two levels (10 and 50 g/kg of soil, 1% and 5% w/w) and a control treatment. The duration of the experiment and the amount of fertilizer added to the soil columns matched the corn cultivation period. Nitrate fertilizer containing 46% pure nitrogen was used to introduce NO3– into the soil columns. The irrigation of the soil columns was performed by weighing the lost water from the control soil column. Compared with those in the control sample, the amount of NO3– leached from the soil columns in the 10‐g biochar, 10‐g nanozeolite, and 10‐g nanoclosite treatments significantly decreased. Additionally, the amount of NO3– leached from the soil columns in the 50 g biochar, 50 g nanozeolite, and 50 g nanoclosite treatments significantly decreased compared to that in the control sample. Throughout all weeks of the experiment, the 50 g biochar treatment had the lowest NO3– leaching compared to the 50 g nanozeolite and 50 g nanoclosite treatments. Additionally, increasing the use of nanozeolite and nanoclosite enhances the stability of soil particles and decreases NO3– leaching from the soil columns, resulting in reduced groundwater contamination with NO3–.
One-day dual-tracer examination in neuroendocrine neoplasms: a real advantage of low activity LAFOV PET imaging
Authors: Calderón Eduardo , Kiefer Lena S. , Schmidt Fabian P. , Lan Wenhong , Brendlin Andreas S. , Reinert Christian P. , Singer Stephan , Reischl Gerald , Hinterleitner Martina , Dittmann Helmut , la Fougère Christian , Trautwein Nils F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-PET is crucial for effective treatment stratification of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In highly proliferating or poorly differentiated NENs, dual-tracer approaches using additional [18F]FDG PET can effectively identify SSTR-negative disease, usually requiring separate imaging sessions. We evaluated the feasibility of a one-day dual-tracer imaging protocol with a low activity [18F]FDG PET followed by an SSTR-PET using the recently introduced [18F]SiFAlin-TATE tracer in a long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT scanner and its implications in patient management.

Methods
Twenty NEN patients were included in this study. Initially, a low activity [18F]FDG PET was performed (0.5 ± 0.01 MBq/kg; PET scan 60 min p.i.). After 4.2 ± 0.09 h after completion of the [18F]FDG PET, a standard activity of [18F]SiFAlin-TATE was administered (3.0 MBq/kg; PET scan 90 min p.i.). To ensure the quantification accuracy of the second scan, we evaluated the potential impact of residual [18F]FDG activity by segmenting organs with minimal physiological SSTR-tracer uptake, such as the brain and myocardium, and assessing the activity concentrations (ACTs) of tumor lesions. Residual tumor lesion ACTs of [18F]FDG were calculated by factoring fluorine-18 decay, identifying a maximum residual ACT of 15% (R15%). To account for increased [18F]FDG trapping over time, higher residual ACTs of 20% (R20%) were considered. These simulated [18F]FDG ACTs were compared with those measured in the second PET scan with [18F]SiFAlin-TATE. The influence of the dual-tracer PET/CT results on therapeutic strategies was evaluated.

Results
[18F]FDG cerebral uptake significantly decreased in the subsequent SSTR-PET (mean uptake [18F]FDG: SUVmean 6.0 ± 0.4; mean uptake in [18F]SiFAlin-TATE PET: SUVmean 0.2 ± 0.01; p < 0.0001); with similar results recorded for the myocardium. Simulated residual [18F]FDG ACTs represented only a minimal percentage of ACTs measured in the tumor lesions from the second PET scan (R15%: mean 5.2 ± 0.9% and R20%: mean 6.8 ± 1.2%), indicating only minimal residual activity of [18F]FDG that might interfere with the second PET scan using [18F]SiFAlin-TATE and preserved semi-quantification of the latter. Dual-tracer PET/CT findings directly influenced changes in therapy plans in eleven (55%) of the examined patients.

Conclusion
LAFOV PET scanners enable a one-day dual-tracer protocol, providing diagnostic image quality while preserving the semi-quantification of two 18F-labeled radiotracers, potentially simplifying the assessment of tumor biology and improving the clinical patient management while reducing logistical challenges. Additionally, low-activity PET imaging facilitates one-day dual-tracer PET examinations.
Evaluation of standards for sex estimation using measurements obtained from reconstructed computed tomography images of the femur of contemporary Black South Africans
Authors: Ujaddughe Oriasotie M. , Haberfeld Jenny , Bidmos Mubarak Ariyo , Olateju Oladiran I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dimensions of the pelvic and skull bones are known to be sexually dimorphic in various population groups. The recovery of these bones is potentially beneficial in estimating the sex in forensic cases. Since both bones are not always available for forensic analysis, standards for sex estimation must be established for other bones of the postcranial skeleton. Previous studies have reported that postcranial skeletal elements (e.g. femur) perform like the pelvis and better than the cranium in sex estimation. Thus, this study explored the potential of CT-derived femoral measurements in sex estimation in a South African population. The sample consisted of 280 contemporary Black South Africans (50% sex ratio) whose scan reports are stored in the Radiology Department of Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. The Xiris and IntelliSpace software was used to reconstruct the images into 3D formats from which measurements were taken. Previously derived sex estimation equations of the femur were tested using data from the current study and these equations presented low average classification accuracies. Using discriminant function and logistic regression analyses, new sex estimation equations were formulated, and these new equations yielded average sex estimation classification accuracies of between 82.5 and 91.4% (by multivariable logistic regression) and 79.3–84.3% (by multivariable discriminant function). The results indicate that population-specific femoral measurements obtained by CT are more reliable than those obtained by direct osteometry and that the femur has a high sexual dimorphism with relevant forensic applications.