bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in silico model of the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles in tumour spheroids in the presence of flow
Authors: Wirthl Barbara , Janko Christina , Lyer Stefan , Schrefler Bernhard A. , Alexiou Christoph , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the main challenges in improving the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs is that they do not reach the cancer cells at sufficiently high doses while at the same time affecting healthy tissue and causing significant side effects and suffering in cancer patients. To overcome this deficiency, magnetic nanoparticles as transporter systems have emerged as a promising approach to achieve more specific tumour targeting. Drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles can be directed to the target tissue by applying an external magnetic field. However, the magnetic forces exerted on the nanoparticles fall off rapidly with distance, making the tumour targeting challenging, even more so in the presence of flowing blood or interstitial fluid. We therefore present a computational model of the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles in a test setup: our model includes the flow around the tumour, the magnetic forces that guide the nanoparticles, and the transport within the tumour. We show how a model for the transport of magnetic nanoparticles in an external magnetic field can be integrated with a multiphase tumour model based on the theory of porous media. Our approach based on the underlying physical mechanisms can provide crucial insights into mechanisms that cannot be studied conclusively in experimental research alone. Such a computational model enables an efficient and systematic exploration of the nanoparticle design space, first in a controlled test setup and then in more complex in vivo scenarios. As an effective tool for minimising costly trial-and-error design methods, it expedites translation into clinical practice to improve therapeutic outcomes and limit adverse effects for cancer patients.

Graphic Abstract
A conceptual framework to disentangle land use and climate change impacts on water balance components and sediment yield
Authors: Palmate Santosh S. , Pandey Ashish , Tigabu Tibebe B. , Mercado-Bettín Daniel , Fohrer Nicola , Wagner Paul D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIndividual and combined impacts of land use and climate change on water resources in a river basin cannot be easily categorized due to feedback effects. These impacts should be assessed separately to determine the dominant role of land use and/or climate change affecting planning and management of natural resources. In this study, a conceptual framework is proposed to disentangle individual as well as combined impacts of land use and climate changes on hydrology of the Betwa River basin in central India. Land use maps of the years 2013 (classified) and 2040 (simulated) were used as inputs in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the land use change impact study. Downscaled and bias-corrected CMIP5 GCM data was firstly evaluated using observed station data, and then used in the SWAT model for simulation of basin hydrology over five periods of time, i.e., baseline (1986–2005), horizon 2039 (2020–2039), horizon 2059 (2040–2059), horizon 2079 (2060–2079), and horizon 2099 (2080–2099). The study reveals that the impact of climate change dominates effects on water resources in the future, especially due to increased precipitation. Changes in dense forest, agriculture and waterbody induce positive responses; nevertheless, changes in degraded forest and barren land induce negative responses to the changes in hydrology of the Betwa basin. The proposed conceptual framework can disentangle individual and combined impacts of land use change and climate change on basin hydrology. Thus, it can be utilized as an important tool for sustainable river basin management.
Cultural and Linguistic Prejudices Experienced by African Language Speaking Witnesses and Legal Practitioners at the Hands of Judicial Officers in South African Courtroom Discourse: The Senzo Meyiwa Murder Trial
Authors: Docrat Zakeera , Kaschula Russell H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article recognizes that linguistic prejudice (with its associated cultural biases) is a reality in any multilingual country, including South Africa. Prejudice is inherently human and the article suggests that it can be both positive and negative. In the case of the Senzo Meyiwa murder trial the article suggests that the linguistic prejudice experienced by witnesses and legal practitioners was largely negative. Even though the South African Constitution suggests an empowering multilingual environment where there are now twelve official languages, in contrast to this, the article takes as a point of departure the monolingual language of record policy that has been in place in the South African legal system since 2017. This is contrary to the constitutional imperatives. It is argued that this policy negatively impacts witnesses and legal practitioners and that the Meyiwa trial is a case in point. It is found that in this trial there is linguistic prejudice (practiced by the presiding judge) where there are linguistic or cultural voids related to communicative inequality and where the speaker does not have sufficient English vocabulary to proceed. It is concluded that the interpretation process also has its challenges and that ideally the use of African languages as languages of record in courts could only aid the delivery of social justice and the implementation of language rights in a multilingual and multicultural country such as South Africa.
Transfer of Metals Relevant to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle into Lumbriculus variegatus from Boreal Freshwater Sediments
Authors: Ylönen Marko , Roivainen Päivi , Naarala Jonne , Akkanen Jarkko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRadioecological modeling requires information about the transfer of different elements and their radionuclides. These models have traditionally used radionuclide concentrations in water to predict concentrations in aquatic organisms. In addition, these models often assume this accumulation to be linear. In this study, we investigated the transfer of Ba, Co, Ni, Sr, U, and Zn from sediment and artificial freshwater to laboratory-reared benthic Oligochaeta (Lumbriculus variegatus). Total elemental concentrations were used as substitute measurements for specific radionuclides. The radioactive isotopes of these metals are an important part of the nuclear fuel cycle. During various parts of this cycle, they can end up in aquatic environments, mostly at low concentrations. Sediment samples were collected from three small lakes connected to a former uranium mine in Eastern Finland, as well as from a reference lake from a different drainage area nearby. A 28-day bioaccumulation experiment was conducted using collected samples and artificial freshwater. Concentrations measured from sediment, porewater, overlying water, and L. variegatus indicated importance of sediment as a source of uptake for all tested metals. Linear accumulation assumption (constant concentration ratio) also did not appear to be correct for most metals. Metal uptake by L. variegatus seemed to reduce at higher sediment concentrations for most metals, except for Ba and Co. Thus, the common assumptions related to radioecological modeling were not supported by our findings for majority of tested metals and accumulation sources. Further basic research is required to develop more accurate and robust radioecological models.
Pattern Formation in Mesic Savannas
Authors: Patterson Denis , Levin Simon , Staver Ann Carla , Touboul Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe analyze a spatially extended version of a well-known model of forest-savanna dynamics, which presents as a system of nonlinear partial integro-differential equations, and study necessary conditions for pattern-forming bifurcations. Homogeneous solutions dominate the dynamics of the standard forest-savanna model, regardless of the length scales of the various spatial processes considered. However, several different pattern-forming scenarios are possible upon including spatial resource limitation, such as competition for water, soil nutrients, or herbivory effects. Using numerical simulations and continuation, we study the nature of the resulting patterns as a function of system parameters and length scales, uncovering subcritical pattern-forming bifurcations and observing significant regions of multistability for realistic parameter regimes. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of extant savanna-forest modeling efforts and highlight ongoing challenges in building a unifying mathematical model for savannas across different rainfall levels.
Self-Compassion and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Sample: Insights from Network Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Moroń Marcin , Kocur Dagna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesized complex interactions between dimensions of self-compassion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCD) in a non-clinical sample.

Method
Four hundred and twenty-four individuals (273 women) ranging in age from 18 to 83 years (M = 41.00; SD = 14.50) participated in the cross-sectional survey. The participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory—Revised (OCI-R).

Results
Certain dimensions of self-compassion were found to be associated with specific OCD symptoms, with positive dimensions (except Common humanity) correlating with reduced Obsessing, Hoarding, and Ordering, and negative dimensions correlating with all OCD symptoms. Canonical correlation analysis indicated three significant linkages: (1) between Isolation, Over-identification, and Obsessing, (2) between Self-judgment, Over-identification, Ordering, and Checking, and (3) between Self-judgment and Neutralizing. Exploratory graph analysis challenged the structure of the SCS and the OCI-R, suggesting two dimensions of self-compassion, compassionate self-reference and uncompassionate self-reference; and two dimensions of OCD, obsessing and other OCD symptoms. The Obsessing subscale appeared as a bridge between uncompassionate self-reference and OCD symptoms. Compassionate self-reference was negatively correlated with uncompassionate self-reference and obsessing, whereas uncompassionate self-reference was positively correlated with obsessing and OCD symptoms.

Conclusions
Investigation of the associations between self-compassion and psychopathology should avoid aggregating the uncompassionate and compassionate dimensions of self-compassion. The significant associations in the network of self-compassion and OCD symptoms were between uncompassionate self-reference, obsessing, and OCD symptoms.

Preregistration
This study is not pre-registered.
Pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonisation for anaerobic-digested sewage sludge? A comparison of pyrochar and hydrochar structure and stability
Authors: Pimenta-Ocampo M. , Gascó G. , Méndez A. , Otten W. , Sakrabani R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThermochemical conversion of sewage sludge was proven as a useful method for waste management. Moderate temperatures in the absence of oxygen (pyrolysis) and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) performed in the presence of water, under autogenous pressures, were selected to treat the same sample of anaerobic-digested sewage sludge (SS). Two hydrochars were prepared by HTC in one high-pressure reactor using SS at 80% humidity content and heating it at 180 and 240 °C for 4 h, leading to H180-4 and H240-4, respectively. Two pyrochars were prepared from a pre-oven-dried SS at 105 °C for 48 h, followed by slow pyrolysis at 300 °C for 1 h, and 400 °C for 1 h leading to P300-1 and P400-1, respectively. HTC and slow pyrolysis significantly increased thermal stability of chars with higher temperatures, only reducing organic matter content (from 68.4 to 46.7–59.2%). Based on the characterisation results, the treatments could be a suitable choice to pre-treat sludge as soil amendment. Higher temperatures of pyrolysis would be attractive to store stable carbon in soil and construction materials, whilst lower temperatures of pyrolysis and HTC would produce a material that could be used as a source of organic matter providing a pool of labile carbon and fixed carbon. Thermochemical conversions generated mesopores (10–50 nm, >40%) and slightly increased surface area from 2 m2/g (SS) to 5–17 m2/g (pyrochars) and to 20 m2/g (hydrochars). Hence, HTC showed the greatest potential to produce a material with higher adsorption capacity (100 cm3/g for H180-4) but all chars should be subjected to an activation process to be able to compete with other kinds of feedstocks. The reduction of the H:C and O:C from the original SS after the treatments indicated a greater carbonisation degree, but a general reduction of the high heating value (HHV) from 17.94 MJ kg−1 in SS to (14.93 MJ kg−1). The torrefied char and hydrochars could be an attractive option to reduce energy of the process and drying stage in the case of HTC.
Chemical compositions and antifungal activity of Corymbia citriodora, Cupressus macrocarpa, and Syzygium cumini extracts: GC–MS and HPLC analysis of essential oils and phenolic compounds
Authors: Mohareb Ahmed S. O. , Elashmawy Maha A. A. , Nawar Moataz E. M. , Abdelrahman Assem K. , Ahmed Fares M. , Hassona Ahmed E. A. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study was undertaken to explore the content and the chemical constituents of the essential oils (EOs) and methanol leaf extracts (MLEs) from Corymbia citriodora, Cupressus macrocarpa, and Syzygium cumini. Chromatographic analyses of GC–MS and HPLC were used. The EOs and MLEs were prepared at concentrations of 0, 6, 12, 25, and 50 mg/L, while the extract was prepared at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/L. Sapwood blocks of Pinus sylvestris in the dimension of 0.5 × 2 × 2 cm were prepared and autoclaved at 121 °C, and each wood block received 100 µL of the prepared concentrations from the EOs and MEs. The bioactivities of wood-treated EOs or MEs were measured against the growth of Fusarium solani MW947256. By GC–MS, the main compounds in the EOs from C. citriodora were citronellal, citronellol, p-cymene, spathulenol, and isopulegol with values of 23.95, 9.80, 9.32, 9.29, and 5.38%, respectively, in Cup. macrocarpa leaves were sabinene (11.94%), 4-terpinenol (11.34%), citronellol (9.59%), citronellal (9.85%), p-cymene (7.67%), spathulenol (5.24%), γ-terpinene (5.05%), camphor (4.31%), and limonene (3.2%), and in S. cumini leaves were trans-β-ocimene (19.11%), α-pinene (18.79%), caryophyllene (9.30%), (Z)-β-ocimene (8.16%), and limonene (6%). By HPLC, the most abundant phenolic compounds in the methanol extract from C. citriodora benzoic acid (8.11 μg/g), and gallic acid (7.96 μg/g), from Cup. macrocarpa were syringic acid (7.59 μg/g), catechol (6.85 μg/g), and gallic acid (6.78 μg/g), and from S. cumini were cinnamic acid (10.66 μg/g), caffeic acid (9.87 μg/g), and ellagic acid (8.76 μg/g). The highest percentages of inhibition (65.71% and 35.71%) against the growth of F. solani were seen in the wood treated with Cup. macrocarpa EOs at 50 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The maximum level of inhibition was seen (92.85%) when S. cumini MLEs at a dose of 4000 mg/L was applied to wood samples, followed by Cup. macrocarpa MLEs (70.00%) compared to the positive control of azoxystrobin + difenoconazole (1000 mg/L), which caused 100% inhibition to F. solani. The findings indicated that bioactive chemicals present in the extracts and EOs from these trees have strong antifungal properties.
Valorization of polylactic acid bionanocomposites enriched with CuO-TiO2 for packaging applications
Authors: Khalil Ahmed M. , El-Sayed Samah M. , Youssef Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Food packaging plays a significant role in the food industry and has an impact on a number of factors related to the food product and the consumer. Works on biodegradable polymers have been carried out in an effort to solve the issue of the environment being negatively impacted by the growing use of synthetic polymers. The objective of the present work is to compose bionanocomposites that can be used as packaging materials. Polylactic acid (PLA) loaded with (2% w/w) titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) nanoparticles (PLA/TiO2) bionanocomposite was successfully prepared. Then, CuO-TiO2 nanocomposite was prepared and added with different concentrations (1, 3, and 5% w.) to the PLA matrix to fabricate PLA/CuO-TiO2 bionanocomposites. Furthermore, the fashioned PLA/CuO-TiO2 bionanocomposites were evaluated via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), oxygen transmission rate (OTR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). Moreover, the thermal, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the PLA bionanocomposites films were improved upon loading CuO-NPs (1.0, 3.0, and 5.0%) with the supported TiO2-NPs (2% w/w) compared by pure PLA. Moreover, the obtained result confirmed that the prepared PLA/CuO-TiO2 bionanocomposites were monitored seeking enhanced PLA bionanocomposites to be applied as packaging materials.
Cardiac deceleration capacity is associated with severity of inflammation in COVID-19
Authors: Hoppe John Michael , Strüven Anna Katharina , Brunner Stefan , Stremmel Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this pilot study, we investigated the cardiac autonomic activity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected hospitalized patients. COVID-19 is characterized by cough, fever, and dyspnea, which in some severe cases can lead to hypoxia, respiratory failure, and shock. Since breathing disorders and pulmonary diseases are tightly linked to autonomic dysfunction, we analyzed the cardiac autonomic activity by measuring the deceleration capacity (DC) in COVID-19 patients.

Methods
In 14 adults (4 men and 10 women) with a median age of 63.5 years and positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with severe symptoms requiring hospital treatment, a high-resolution digital 30 min electrocardiogram (ECG) in Frank leads configuration was performed in a resting supine position within the first 48 h after hospital admission. DC was assessed using validated software and associated with several markers of inflammation and clinical course.

Results
The study revealed a significant association between reduced DC (≤ 2.5 ms) and older age (74 years) in COVID-19 patients, compared to those with a higher DC > 2.5 ms (56.5 years). However, the duration of hospitalization was similar for both groups. There was a nonsignificant trend towards a higher maximum viral load in patients with reduced DC. Further, patients with a DC ≤ 2.5 ms showed higher levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), as well as leukocytosis, compared to patients with a DC > 2.5 ms. Also, the COVID-19-severity marker ferritin was significantly elevated in patients with lower DC. Other markers associated with COVID-19, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), exhibited comparable levels in both groups.

Conclusions
Reduced DC (≤ 2.5 ms) was significantly associated with older age, increased inflammatory markers, and elevated ferritin in patients with COVID-19. These findings suggest that DC might serve as a valuable indicator for predicting the risk of severe inflammation in COVID-19 and possibly complications associated with this disease, such as heart failure. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and clarify the clinical significance of DC in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Comparative study between TIG-MIG hybrid and MIG welding of 1.4462 duplex steel joints
Authors: Weis S. , Grunert R. , Brumm S. , Halmaghi M. , Prank U. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuplex steels are used for applications that require high strength and ductility combined with good corrosion resistance. An economical welding technology to handle these steels is achieved by combining the MIG and TIG arc processes. The aim is to improve welding speed and quality by utilizing a TIG-MIG hybrid welding process to join 1.4462 duplex steel with a thickness of 2 mm. The interaction between the two arcs, caused by the blowing effect, is an enormous challenge that can be counteracted with a defined torch position and current modulation. For this purpose, a variation of the MIG (pulsed and AC pulsed arc) and TIG process (AC and pulsed DC) took place. The influence of electrical parameters on process stability and material transfer was investigated. For analysis, an evaluation of high-speed recordings (5000 frames per second) and synchronized measured current/voltage curves (200 kHz) is carried out. Based on a number of selected specimens, a welding procedure test according to ISO 15614-1 is performed to determine the welding seam quality. The test includes the characterization by tensile and hardness testing and macroscopic and microscopic examination. Additionally, the specimens are examined according to ISO 5817.
Aesthetic Experience as Interaction
Authors: NANAY BENCE 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to argue that what is distinctive about aesthetic experiences has to do with what we do -- not with our perception or evaluation, but with our action and, more precisely, with our interaction with whatever we are aesthetically engaging with. This view goes against the mainstream inasmuch as aesthetic engagement is widely held to be special precisely because it is detached from the sphere of the practical. I argue that taking the interactive nature of aesthetic experiences seriously can help us to understand some of the most important features of aesthetic experiences and the role they play in our life: their normativity, their crucial role in the ways in which the aesthetic domain looms large in our self-image and in the social dimension of aesthetic engagement.
SPEAKING OBJECTS AND THE EARLY GREEK CONCEPTION OF WRITING
Authors: Fassberg Teddy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne of the most remarkable features of the language of early Greek writing is a pervasive rhetorical strategy which consists in personifying objects for the purpose of identifying humans closely associated with them. Such ‘speaking objects’ have no Semitic parallel; how, then, is their conventional status in the Archaic Age to be explained? This article first considers the formulaic language of speaking objects, which is no straightforward transcription of speech, and seeks to explain where it comes from. It then turns to the question of why writers employed the curious strategy of personification by setting it in the broader context of early Greek writing and literature. Variously analogous to herms, slaves and skytalai, speaking objects are shown to have been conceived as messengers acting on behalf of their senders by not speaking in their name.
Advancing Geophysics: IRIS and UNAVCO Merge to Form EarthScope Consortium
Authors: Zawacki Emily E. , Bendick Rebecca , Woodward Robert L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new organization, EarthScope Consortium, was formed 1 January 2023 following the merger of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) and UNAVCO. EarthScope Consortium is a consortium dedicated to supporting transformative global geophysical research and education.