bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letale pulmonale Fettembolie: Assoziation mit Myokardhypertrophie
Authors: Harms Hendrik , Hagen Maximilian , Karger Bernd 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die pulmonale Fettembolie (PFE) ist ein Krankheitsbild, welches u. a. nach Trauma oder Operation auftreten kann. Die Verlegung der Lungenstrombahn durch Fettpartikel kann zu kardiorespiratorischen Beschwerden führen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, klinische oder pathophysiologische Risikofaktoren wie Begleiterkrankungen und Körpereigenschaften der an einer PFE verstorbenen Personen festzustellen.

Methodik
Am Institut für Rechtsmedizin des Universitätsklinikums Münster wurde zwischen 1993 und 2017 bei 27 Sektionen als Todesursache eine PFE angegeben. Die Sektions- und Histologiebefunde, Sudan-Färbungen und die histologische Gradeinteilung der PFE nach Falzi bilden die Grundlage dieser Untersuchung. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten 27 traumatische Todesfälle (1995–2017), bei denen eine PFE nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Das Herzgewicht, der Body-Mass-Index (BMI), die Überlebenszeiten, die Verletzungsschwere und die Diagnose chronisches Lungenemphysem (CLE) wurden mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Test bzw. Chi-Quadrat-Test verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die Geschlechterverteilung in der Studien- und Kontrollgruppe betrug 63 % Frauen vs. 37 % Männer. Die Altersspanne in der Studiengruppe reichte vom 56. bis zum 93. Lebensjahr vs. 51 bis 89 Jahren in der Kontrollgruppe. Der mittlere BMI betrug 25,6 kg/m2 in der Studiengruppe und 25,3 kg/m2 in der Kontrolle. Bei 15 Fällen in der Studiengruppe (56 %) lag als Begleiterkrankung ein CLE vor vs. 10 Fällen in der Kontrollgruppe (37 %). Eine Myokardhypertrophie wurde in 20 Fällen (74 %) der Studiengruppe diagnostiziert. Das mittlere Myokardgewicht lag bei 434 g (weibl.) und 496 g (männl.). In 9 Fällen (33 %) wurde ein Herzgewicht von 500 g überschritten. In der Kontrollgruppe lag das mittlere Myokardgewicht bei 349 g (weibl.) und 384 g (männl.); ein Herzgewicht von 500 g wurde 2‑mal überschritten. Der Unterschied bei der Verteilung der Herzgewichte war statistisch signifikant (p = 0,001). Für alle anderen untersuchten Parameter ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede.

Schlussfolgerung
In diesem eher kleinen Untersuchungsgut bestand ein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Herzgewicht/Myokardhypertrophie und tödlich verlaufender PFE. Falls dieses Ergebnis in weiteren Studien bestätigt wird, stellt eine Myokardhypertrophie einen Risikofaktor für eine letale PFE dar. Ein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen BMI oder der Diagnose CLE und Tod durch PFE konnte nicht festgestellt werden.
Some additional remarks on statistical properties of Cohen’s d in the presence of covariates
Authors: Groß Jürgen , Möller Annette 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe size of the effect of the difference in two groups with respect to a variable of interest may be estimated by the classical Cohen’s d. A recently proposed generalized estimator allows conditioning on further independent variables within the framework of a linear regression model. In this note, it is demonstrated how unbiased estimation of the effect size parameter together with a corresponding standard error may be obtained based on the non-central t distribution. The portrayed estimator may be considered as a natural generalization of the unbiased Hedges’ g. In addition, confidence interval estimation for the unknown parameter is demonstrated by applying the so-called inversion confidence interval principle. The regarded properties collapse to already known ones in case of absence of any additional independent variables. The stated remarks are illustrated with a publicly available data set.
The effects of internal representations on performance and fluidity in a motor task
Authors: Runswick Oliver R. , Roebuck Hettie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndividuals can differ in the mode in which they experience conscious thought. These differences in visualisation and verbalisation can also be evident during motor control. The Internal Representation Questionnaire (IRQ) was developed to measure propensity to engage certain types of representations, but its ability to predict motor control and links to reinvestment and motor imagery have not been tested. 159 included participants completed the IRQ, movement specific reinvestment scale (MSRS), and a novel online motor task before and after a period of practice. Results showed that the IRQ Verbal and Orthographic factors were significant predictors of scores on the MSRS. The IRQ factor of Manipulational Representations predicted motor performance both before and after practice. The fluidity of executed movements were predicted by the IRQ verbalisation factor where higher propensity to verbalise was associated with higher levels of jitter, but only after a period of practice. Results suggest there may be some informative conceptual overlap between internal verbalisations and reinvestment and that the propensity to manipulate internal representations may be predictive of motor performance in new tasks. The IRQ has potential to be a valuable tool for predicting motor performance.
Can Pulse Rate Variability be Used to Monitor Compliance with a Breath Pacer?
Authors: Sokolovskiy Sergey , Arroyo Dahyana , Hansma Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSlow paced breathing has been demonstrated to provide significant health benefits for a person’s health, and, during breathing sessions, it is desirable to monitor that a person is actually compliant with the breath pacer. We explore the potential use of pulse rate variability to monitor compliance with a breath pacer during meditation sessions. The study involved 6 human subjects each participating in 2–3 trials, where they are asked to follow or not to follow the breath pacer, where we collected data on how the magnitude of pulse rate variability changed. Two methods, logistic regression and a running standard deviation technique, were developed to detect non-compliance with the breath pacer based on pulse rate variability metrics. Results indicate that using pulse rate variability alone may not reliably detect non-compliance with the breath pacer. Both models exhibited limitations in terms of false positives and false negatives, with accuracy ranging from 67 to 65%. Existing methods involving visual, audio, and motion signals currently perform better for monitoring compliance with the breath pacer.
Impact of Uncertainties in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height on the Numerical Simulation of Chemical Species
Authors: Ren Shuzhan , Stroud Craig A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUncertainties in the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABL-H) are associated either with the uncertainties in meteorological fields or the definition of the ABL-H. When the ABL-H is involved in ABL parameterization schemes these uncertainties can have impacts on numerical simulation of chemical species. The impacts are examined numerically by employing a 1-D diffusion model with the K-profile scheme and 3-D air quality forecast model with the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)-based scheme. The dependency on the ABL-H in the two schemes is very different. Sensitivity tests with the 1-D model show that the over-estimated/under-estimated ABL-H leads to the decrease/increase of concentration of tracers under both stable and unstable conditions due to the increase/decrease of the volume of tracers within the ABL. Under unstable conditions, the over-estimated/under-estimated ABL-H also enhances/weakens the vertical diffusivity, and leads to the decrease/increase of the concentration of tracers for the negative/positive vertical gradient of tracer. These impacts result in a little change with height within the ABL. The impacts of the ABL-H through the counter-gradient term and entrainment flux are much smaller than the impact through changing the volume of the ABL and vertical diffusivity in the ABL. Sensitivity tests with the 3-D numerical model with the TKE scheme show that over urban areas the over-estimated/under-estimated ABL-H leads to the increase/decrease of TKE in the whole ABL but does not always lead to stronger/weaker diffusivity and lower/higher concentrations of chemical species.
Attribution of current trends in streamflow to climate change for 12 Central Asian catchments
Authors: Didovets Iulii , Krysanova Valentina , Nurbatsina Aliya , Fallah Bijan , Krylova Viktoriya , Saparova Assel , Niyazov Jafar , Kalashnikova Olga , Hattermann Fred Fokko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the attribution of climate change to trends in river discharge during six decades from 1955 until 2014 in 12 selected river catchments across six Central Asian countries located upstream of the main rivers. For this purpose, the semi-distributed eco-hydrological model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) was firstly calibrated and validated for all study catchments. Attributing climate change to streamflow simulation trends was forced by factual (reanalysis) and counterfactual climate data (assuming the absence of anthropogenic influence) proposed in the framework of the ISIMIP (Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project) or ESM without anthropogenic forcing that were firstly tested and then compared. The trend analysis was performed for three variables: mean annual discharge and high flow (Q5) and low flow (Q95) indices. The results show that trends in the annual and seasonal discharge could be attributed to climate change for some of the studied catchments. In the three northern catchments (Derkul, Shagan, and Tobol), there are positive trends, and in two catchments (Sarysu and Kafirnigan), there are negative streamflow trends under the factual climate, which could be attributed to climate change. Also, our analysis shows that the average level of discharge in Murghab has increased during the historical study period due to climate change, despite the overall decreasing trend during this period. In addition, the study reveals a clear signal of shifting spring streamflow peaks in all catchments across the study area.
Sustainability education in information systems’ curricula: A conceptual research framework
Authors: Hamadi Mostafa , Imtinan Umera , Namisango Fatuma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, “sustainability education” in Higher Education has become an increasingly popular topic among researchers driven by the constant calls for the research community to contribute novel research that can aid in building a sustainable world. The objective of this paper was to explore how sustainability concepts have been integrated in Information Systems (IS) curricula, to determine the state of knowledge in this area and provide guidance for future research. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage scoping review process, the current landscape of sustainability in IS classrooms is mapped and key themes and factors which were found to influence sustainability education in IS are identified. Eight databases were searched for relevant papers published on this topic. Fifteen articles were selected and deemed high quality for a thematic analysis. As a result, nine themes emerged from the thematic analysis, and key research gaps and directions for future research are presented. The findings show that there is currently no unified approach to sustainability education in IS. This paper presents the themes in a novel conceptual research framework which can guide the incorporation of sustainability concepts in IS education. In addition, the framework can be used as the basis for future research in this area.
The conceptual exportation question: conceptual engineering and the normativity of virtual worlds
Authors: Montefiore Thomas , Podosky Paul-Mikhail Catapang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDebate over the normativity of virtual phenomena is now widespread in the philosophical literature, taking place in roughly two distinct but related camps. The first considers the relevant problems to be within the scope of applied ethics, where the general methodological program is to square the intuitive (im)permissibility of virtual wrongdoings with moral accounts that justify their (im)permissibility. The second camp approaches the normativity of virtual wrongdoings as a metaphysical debate. This is done by disambiguating the ‘virtual’ character of ‘virtual wrongdoings’. Doing so is supposed to provide illuminating ontological distinctions that inform ethical aspects of the debate. We argue that each approach faces its own set of issues, and as a result, motivates consideration of an alternative. The alternative we suggest turns inquiry concerning the normativity of virtual wrongdoings into a distinctively conceptual question. Rather than asking whether some action is right or wrong, or whether some virtual phenomenon counts as a particular action at all, we argue that research into the normativity of virtual wrongdoings may be guided by reflecting on whether a concept that originated and developed within a non-virtual context should be exported into a foreign virtual domain. We consider this approach and several objections.
Miniaturized Multi-band Millimeter-Wave Vivaldi Antenna with Performance Optimization at 28 GHz for 5G MIMO Applications
Authors: Elsharkawy Rania R. , Hussein Khalid. F. A. , Farahat Asmaa E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel design for Vivaldi antenna is introduced to operate in more than one frequency band in the millimeter-wave spectrum range with high gain. The proposed Vivaldi antenna is planar and printed on both sides of Rogers 3003C flexible substrate. A parasitic annular ring is added to each arm of the Vivaldi antenna to adjust the impedance matching and maximize the gain. The dimensions of the antenna are optimized using the CST microwave simulator to obtain the best impedance matching bandwidths and highest gain in a compact-size antenna. The 28-GHz band is then selected due to its importance to enhance the gain and improve the operating bandwidth for the 5G applications. A gain of 10 dBi and bandwidth of 6.1 GHz are obtained at 28 GHz. A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is then designed for pattern diversity for the fifth-generation mobile applications. The performance of the MIMO system is evaluated regarding the envelope correlation coefficient and the diversity gain showing good results. The optimized antenna is fabricated and its return loss and radiation patterns are measured showing good consent between the simulations and the practical work. The MIMO antenna system is also fabricated, and its performance is measured regarding the reflection and coupling coefficients showing good agreement between the measurements and simulations.
Single-lot, lot-streaming problem for a 1 + m hybrid flow shop
Authors: Singh Sanchit , Sarin Subhash C. , Cheng Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider an application of lot-streaming for processing a lot of multiple items in a hybrid flow shop (HFS) for the objective of minimizing makespan. The HFS that we consider consists of two stages with a single machine available for processing in Stage 1 and m identical parallel machines in Stage 2. We call this problem a 1 + m TSHFS-LSP (two-stage hybrid flow shop, lot streaming problem), and show it to be NP-hard in general, except for the case when the sublot sizes are treated to be continuous. The novelty of our work is in obtaining closed-form expressions for optimal continuous sublot sizes that can be solved in polynomial time, for a given number of sublots. A fast linear search algorithm is also developed for determining the optimal number of sublots for the case of continuous sublot sizes. For the case when the sublot sizes are discrete, we propose a branch-and-bound-based heuristic to determine both the number of sublots and sublot sizes and demonstrate its efficacy by comparing its performance against that of a direct solution of a mixed-integer formulation of the problem by CPLEX®.
Framing UN Human Rights Discourses on Climate Change: The Concept of Vulnerability and its Relation to the Concepts of Inequality and Discrimination
Authors: Mayrhofer Monika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe concept of vulnerability is widely used in human rights policy documents, reports, and case law focusing on the impacts of climate change on human rights. In academic discussions, the concept, however, has also sparked a discussion on its benefits and challenges for the advancement of human rights, especially concerning the principles of equality and non-discrimination. This article aims at contributing to this debate from a frame-analytical perspective. In social sciences, frame-analysis is a form of discourse analysis which focuses on the consequences of different concepts for legal, political, and social discussions and norms. With the example of selected UN documents on different human rights issues in the context of climate change, the article, firstly, analyzes whether and how the concept of vulnerability is defined in the documents and why it is used in the documents. Secondly, it is elaborated to which individuals and groups the concept is applied. Thirdly, it is discussed how vulnerability is conceptualized in relation to or in distinction to the concepts of inequality and discrimination. In a further section it is analyzed what narratives are mobilized by the frame of vulnerability. The article concludes that from a discourse-analytical perspective the frame of vulnerability mobilizes problematic narratives which has gendered and racialized implications for those labeled vulnerable.
Components of arithmetic theory acceptance
Authors: Colclough Thomas M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper ties together three threads of discussion about the following question: in accepting a system of axioms , what else are we thereby warranted in accepting, on the basis of accepting ? First, certain foundational positions in the philosophy of mathematics are said to be epistemically stable, in that there exists a coherent rationale for accepting a corresponding system of axioms of arithmetic, which does not entail or otherwise rationally oblige the foundationalist to accept statements beyond the logical consequences of those axioms. Second, epistemic stability is said to be incompatible with the implicit commitment thesis, according to which accepting a system of axioms implicitly commits the foundationalist to accept additional statements not immediately available in that theory. Third, epistemic stability stands in tension with the idea that in accepting a system of axioms , one thereby also accepts soundness principles for . We offer a framework for analysis of sets of implicit commitment which reconciles epistemic stability with the latter two notions, and argue that all three ideas are in fact compatible.
Association between a body shape index and prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2001–2018
Authors: Liu Xiaowu , Shi Honglei , Shi Yunfeng , Wei Hanping , Yuan Xiaoliang , Jiao Zhimin , Wu Tingchun , Wang Zengjun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
Abdominal obesity, especially visceral fat, may have negative effects on the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). A body shape index (ABSI) can more accurately measure visceral fat accumulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between ABSI and PCa in US adults.

Methods
11,013 participants were enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2018. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the independent relationship between ABSI and PCa. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests were performed.

Results
ABSI was positively associated with the presence of PCa. When comparing the second, third, and fourth ABSI quartile to the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PCa risk were 1.34 (0.77, 2.31), 1.75 (1.03, 3.00), and 1.91 (1.12, 3.27), respectively (p for trend = 0.011). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis did not reveal a non-linear correlation between ABSI and PCa (p for non-linearity = 0.076). Subgroup analysis showed a significant interaction effect in subgroups of different BMI (p for interaction = 0.01).

Conclusions
Elevated ABSI is significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa, particularly among individuals who are under/normal weighted or obese.
Effect of Annealing Temperature and Time on the Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Anisotropy of a Temper-Rolled, Semi-processed Non-oriented Electrical Steel
Authors: He Youliang , Zhang Ruby , Zhou Tihe , Lee Haden , Cathcart Chad , Badgley Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effect of final annealing temperature and time on the core loss, magnetic permeability, and magnetic anisotropy of a temper-rolled, semi-processed 0.5 wt.% Si non-oriented electrical steel was investigated. The magnetic properties of the steel sheets at 50–400 Hz and 0.5–1.50 T were measured by the Epstein frame method on strips cut along both the rolling (RD) and transverse directions (TD). Optimal magnetic properties were obtained when the annealing temperature was at 800–825°C, and the annealing time was 2–4 h. Relatively large magnetic anisotropy between the RD and TD was observed in samples after recrystallization (~ 10% in core loss and ~ 70% in relative permeability), while deformed and non-recrystallized samples showed small anisotropy in magnetic properties. Regardless of the processing state of the steel, i.e., temper-rolled, recovered, or recrystallized, the core loss followed quadratic polynomial functions with respect to both the frequency and magnetic flux density, while the relative magnetic permeability followed cubic polynomial functions with respect to both the frequency and magnetic flux density. The microstructure and texture of selected samples were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction, which revealed the correlations between the magnetic properties of the steel and the microstructure and texture.
Problembewältigung oder Erwerbsarbeit first?
Authors: Enggruber Ruth , Lauber Dominique M. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit Suchtverhalten, die Bürgergeld nach dem Sozialgesetzbuch II beziehen, zu ihren Wünschen an für sie hilfreiche Unterstützungsangebote zu befragen und aus ihren Schilderungen herauszuarbeiten, welche Bedeutung für sie Erwerbarbeit hat, fordert die Forschenden zu kritischen Selbstvergewisserungen heraus. Denn die qualitative Studie, die im Rahmen eines Modellprojekts, gefördert vom Bundesarbeitsministerium, durchgeführt wurde, berührt vier kritische Fachdebatten in der Sozialen Arbeit. Neben der (1) sozialpolitischen Aktivierungsprogrammatik sind hier v. a. die (2) Bezeichnung von Menschen mit Suchtverhalten sowie (3) methodologische Einwände gegen subjektorientierte Forschungsperspektiven und (4) Case Management bedeutsam. Nach der Positionierung in diesen Fachdebatten werden empirische Einblicke dazu gewährt, dass die Frage „Problembewältigung oder Erwerbsarbeit first?“ differenziert beantwortet wird. Ferner äußern die Bürgergeldbezieher:innen mit Suchtverhalten diverse Wünsche an die Unterstützung im Jobcenter und andere Hilfsangebote. Vor allem wünschen sie sich vom Jobcenter, dass es dort nicht nur um die Vermittlung in Erwerbsarbeit gehen sollte, sondern weitere und damit hybride Zielsetzungen verfolgt werden sollten.