bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductions in plasma and urine mercury concentrations following N,N′bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI) therapy: a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized human clinical trial
Authors: Geier David A. , Geier Mark R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnvironmental mercury exposure possesses a significant risk to many human populations. At present there are no effective treatments for acute mercury toxicity. A new compound, N,N′bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI), a lipophilic chelating agent was created to tightly/irreversibly bind mercury. A post hoc dose-dependent analysis of NBMI therapy was undertaken on data from a randomized controlled NBMI human treatment trial on 36 Ecuadorian gold miners with elevated urinary mercury concentrations. Study subjects were randomly assigned to receive 100 milligram (mg) NBMI/day, 300 mg NBMI/day, or placebo for 14 days. For each study subject daily mg NBMI dose/Kilogram (Kg) bodyweight were determined and plasma and urine mercury concentrations (micrograms (µg)/Liter (L)) on study day 1 (pre-NBMI treatment), 15 (after 14 days of NBMI treatment) and 45 (30 days after NBMI treatment) were correlated with NBMI dosing using the linear regression statistic in SAS. Regression revealed significant inverse correlations between increasing per mg NBMI/Kg bodyweight/day and reduced concentrations of urinary and plasma mercury on study day 15 (reduced by in urine = 18–20 µg/L and plasma = 2 µg/L) and study day 30 (reduced by in urine = 15–20 µg/L and plasma = 4 µg/L) and significant correlations between reductions in mercury concentrations in urine and plasma. Significant 30% reductions in urinary mercury concentrations per mg NBMI/Kg bodyweight/day administered for 14 days were observed. This study supports the dose-dependent ability of NBMI therapy to significantly reduce mercury concentrations, particularly in the urine, in an acutely mercury exposed human population. NBMI therapy should be evaluated in other mercury exposed populations.
Balancing tourism and conservation: analysing the sustainability of tourism in the city of Naples through citizen perspectives
Authors: Aria Massimo , D’Aniello Luca , Della Corte Valentina , Pagliara Francesca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis research aims to assess how residents perceive the impact of tourism on different dimensions, including the economy, environment, culture, society, and politics. Tourism plays a key role in stimulating a city’s economy. Nevertheless, it also presents challenges for residents, influencing their quality of life and mobility. Recently, the city of Naples (South of Italy) has emerged as a favorite destination for tourists in search of art, history, and landscapes. By gathering insights from the community through the administration of a questionnaire, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted effects of tourism development in Naples. A theoretical model was estimated using a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to validate the formulated hypotheses regarding the relationship between six factors used to measure residents’ perception of tourism. Results provide a valuable resource for public administrations, helping them adopt effective strategies to address the impact of tourism on residents and mitigate its negative effects.
Gewalt in Einrichtungen der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Meyer Nikolaus 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Presseberichten ist seit geraumer Zeit von einer Zunahme der Gewalt von Beschäftigten gegenüber Adressat_innen der Sozialen Arbeit zu lesen (hr 2023a; Bub 2023). Parallel dazu stellt eine gewaltfreie, anerkennende und feinfühlige Arbeitsbeziehung das professionelle Grundverständnis der Sozialen Arbeit dar. Auf Basis einer quantitativen Befragung von über 8200 Beschäftigten der Sozialen Arbeit will der Beitrag das Ausmaß von Gewalt gegenüber Adressat_innen ebenso wie durch sie selbst aus Perspektive der Beschäftigten beschreiben und diskutiert dabei mögliche Zusammenhänge mit den Arbeitsbedingungen.
Hypoxia and interleukin-1-primed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as novel therapy for stroke
Authors: Salaudeen Maryam Adenike , Allan Stuart , Pinteaux Emmanuel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPromising preclinical stroke research has not yielded meaningful and significant success in clinical trials. This lack of success has prompted the need for refinement of preclinical studies with the intent to optimize the chances of clinical success. Regenerative medicine, especially using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), has gained popularity in the last decade for treating many disorders, including central nervous system (CNS), such as stroke. In addition to less stringent ethical constraints, the ample availability of MSCs also makes them an attractive alternative to totipotent and other pluripotent stem cells. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into neurons and other brain parenchymal and immune cells makes them a promising therapy for stroke. However, these cells also have some drawbacks that, if not addressed, will render MSCs unfit for treating ischaemic stroke. In this review, we highlighted the molecular and cellular changes that occur following an ischaemic stroke (IS) incidence and discussed the physiological properties of MSCs suitable for tackling these changes. We also went further to discuss the major drawbacks of utilizing MSCs in IS and how adequate priming using both hypoxia and interleukin-1 can optimize the beneficial properties of MSCs while eliminating these drawbacks.
Comparative Double Auction Approach for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading on Multiple microgrids
Authors: Malik Sweta , Thakur Subhasis , Duffy Maeve , Breslin John G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is one of the most effective methods to increase the usage of Renewable Energy (RE) resources in the distribution network and reduce losses by eliminating long transmission and distribution lines. This research aims to enhance the efficiency of P2P energy trading by examining the suitability of four distinct double auction mechanisms: Average, McAfee, Trade Reduction and Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG). We conducted a systematic evaluation of these mechanisms across various microgrid (MG) types. The study algorithm integrates user preferences, bidding strategies and time-of-use tariffs, allowing participants to indicate their willingness to pay for different energy qualities and specific time periods. Notably, both the Average and VCG mechanisms emerged as the most effective across a majority of MG setups. Specifically, the average mechanism was found to be optimal for a consumer-centric MG, while the VCG mechanism was predominantly advantageous during non-peak hours trading. However, it was observed that P2P energy trading from MG to MG was inefficient due to the lesser number of peers. In conclusion, this work offers a comprehensive solution that adeptly identifies and recommends the most fitting auction mechanisms for diverse MG configurations and usage timings, paving the way for more efficient P2P energy trading.
Eigenvalue Approach on a Fiber-Reinforced Magneto-Visco-Thermoelastic Rotating Medium with Initial Stress
Authors: Othman Mohamed I. A. , Said Samia M. , Gamal Esraa M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this work is to study the wave propagation in a rotating fiber-reinforced thermo-viscoelastic solid.

Methods
The analytical technique used to obtain the ordinary differential equations was normal mode analysis. In this article using the modified Green-Lindsay (MGL) theory and the Green-Lindsay (G-L) theory.

Results
The numerical calculations have been completed, and the physical fields have been determined using the proper boundary conditions. The effects of rotation, viscosity, and magnetic field are discussed.

Conclusion
Overall, the research on the rotation and magnetic field effect on fiber-reinforced thermo-viscoelastic have a significant influence on all the physical variables and several potential practical implications and engineering applications in various fields such as environmental, chemical, and energy engineering.
Socialisation approach to AI value acquisition: enabling flexible ethical navigation with built-in receptiveness to social influence
Authors: Janhonen Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article describes an alternative starting point for embedding human values into artificial intelligence (AI) systems. As applications of AI become more versatile and entwined with society, an ever-wider spectrum of considerations must be incorporated into their decision-making. However, formulating less-tangible human values into mathematical algorithms appears incredibly challenging. This difficulty is understandable from a viewpoint that perceives human moral decisions to primarily stem from intuition and emotional dispositions, rather than logic or reason. Our innate normative judgements promote prosocial behaviours which enable collaboration within a shared environment. Individuals internalise the values and norms of their social context through socialisation. The complexity of the social environment makes it impractical to consistently apply logic to pick the best available action. This has compelled natural agents to develop mental shortcuts and rely on the collective moral wisdom of the social group. This work argues that the acquisition of human values cannot happen just through rational thinking, and hence, alternative approaches should be explored. Designing receptiveness to social signalling can provide context-flexible normative guidance in vastly different life tasks. This approach would approximate the human trajectory for value learning, which requires social ability. Artificial agents that imitate socialisation would prioritise conformity by minimising detected or expected disapproval while associating relative importance with acquired concepts. Sensitivity to direct social feedback would especially be useful for AI that possesses some embodied physical or virtual form. Work explores the necessary faculties for social norm enforcement and the ethical challenges of navigating based on the approval of others.
AI-produced certainties in health care: current and future challenges
Authors: Tretter Max , Ott Tabea , Dabrock Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since uncertainty is a major challenge in medicine and bears the risk of causing incorrect diagnoses and harmful treatment, there are many efforts to tackle it. For some time, AI technologies have been increasingly implemented in medicine and used to reduce medical uncertainties. What initially seems desirable, however, poses challenges. We use a multimethod approach that combines philosophical inquiry, conceptual analysis, and ethical considerations to identify key challenges that arise when AI is used for medical certainty purposes. We identify several challenges. Where AI is used to reduce medical uncertainties, it is likely to result in (a) patients being stripped down to their measurable data points, and being made disambiguous. Additionally, the widespread use of AI technologies in health care bears the risk of (b) human physicians being pushed out of the medical decision-making process, and patient participation being more and more limited. Further, the successful use of AI requires extensive and invasive monitoring of patients, which raises (c) questions about surveillance as well as privacy and security issues. We outline these several challenges and show that they are immediate consequences of AI-driven security efforts. If not addressed, they could entail unfavorable consequences. We contend that diminishing medical uncertainties through AI involves a tradeoff. The advantages, including enhanced precision, personalization, and overall improvement in medicine, are accompanied by several novel challenges. This paper addresses them and gives suggestions about how to use AI for certainty purposes without causing harm to patients.
Physical activity and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: does age and gender make a difference?
Authors: Muomah Rosemary C. , Chukwuorji JohnBosco C. , Nwonyi Sampson K. , Tay Doris A. , Joachim Dale , Malete Leapetswe , Adamba Clement , Nyawornota Vida Korleki , Nyanynofio Oscar , Donkor Samuel Kofi , Ocansey Reginald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
There is overwhelming evidence indicating that depression may be reduced by physical activity (PA), but studies in lower- and middle-income countries and those that involved data at higher physical activity doses were underrepresented. The current study investigated the associations between PA levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and sitting) and depression and tested whether age and gender moderate the link between PA and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
The participants were 857 adults (51.0% women; aged 18–69, mean age = 29.71, SD = 10.84 years) who completed an online survey as part of the General Health, Speech and Physical Activity Relationship Assessment Study in Nigeria. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, while depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Results
The results of the Hayes PROCESS macro indicated that those who engaged in vigorous PA reported lower levels of depression (B = − 0.02, p <0 .01). Sitting (B = − 0.00, p = 0.050), walking (B = 0.00, p = 0.054) and moderate (B = 0.00, p =0 .064) PA were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Older participants reported fewer symptoms of depression (B = 0.11, p < .001). Women had higher depressive symptoms than men (B = 0.91, p <0 .05). The interactions of age and gender with PA levels were not significant, which showed that age and gender did not moderate the relationships of PA and depression.

Conclusion
Engagement in vigorous PA may be helpful to reduce levels of depression and improve mental health in the general population.
The Need to Establish and Sustain Public Health Emergency Operation Centers for Managing Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Lesson From Response to Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Outbreak in Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Chala Temesgen K. , Abera Eyob G. , Tukeni Kedir N. , Didu Gelaw H. , Abbagidi Fetiya A. , Yesuf Elias A. , Yilma Daniel , Gudina Esayas K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has provided a great lesson for the globe about the necessity and significance of pandemics-related preparedness in all settings. Public health emergency operation centers play critical roles in preparing for and responding to public health events and emergencies by coordinating and pooling resources. In this article, we aimed to share lessons learnt from the public health response to the louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) outbreak coordinated by the emergency operation center established to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Jimma, Ethiopia.
After the major waves of COVID-19 outbreaks in Ethiopia were over, Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) reported clusters of louse-borne relapsing fever cases from Jimma Main Prison. Accordingly, Jimma Emergency Operation Center (JEOC) established for the COVID-19 pandemic was immediately alerted and effectively coordinated the overall response.
As a result, the outbreak was contained within the prison without spreading to the community and the outbreak ended within a shorter period compared to previous LBRF outbreaks in Ethiopia. This indicates the necessity of establishing and sustaining public health emergency operation centers to prepare for and combat potential future public health emergencies.
The influence of surface roughness on postcritical flow over circular cylinders revisited
Authors: Pasam Anil , Tudball Smith Daniel , Holmes John D. , Burton David , Thompson Mark C. 
Published: November 2023

This work investigates the effect of surface roughness on cylinder flows in the postcritical regime and reexamines whether the roughness Reynolds number (

$Re_{k_s}$

) primarily governs the aerodynamic behaviour. It has been motivated by limitations of many previous investigations, containing occasionally contradictory findings. In particular, many past studies were conducted with relatively high blockage ratios and low cylinder aspect ratios. Both of these factors appear to have non-negligible effects on flow behaviour, and particularly fluctuating quantities such as the standard deviation of the lift coefficient. This study employs a 5 % blockage ratio and a span-to-diameter ratio of 10. Cylinders of different relative surface roughness ratios (

$k_s/D$

), ranging from

$1.1\times 10^{-3}$

to

$3\times 10^{-3}$

, were investigated at Reynolds numbers up to

$6.8 \times 10^5$

and

$Re_{k_s}$

up to 2200. It is found that the base pressure coefficient, drag coefficient, Strouhal number, spanwise correlation length of lift and the standard deviation of the lift coefficient are well described by

$Re_{k_s}$

in postcritical flows. However, roughness does have an effect on the minimum surface pressure coefficient (near separation) that does not collapse with

$Re_{k_s}$

. The universal Strouhal number proposed by Bearman (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 16, 1984, pp. 195–222) appears to be nearly constant over the range of

$Re_{k_s}$

studied, spanning the subcritical through postcritical regimes. Frequencies in the separating shear layers are found to be an order of magnitude lower than the power law predictions for separating shear layers of smooth cylinders.
Undernutrition among children and its determinants across the parliamentary constituencies of India: a geospatial analysis
Authors: Nambiar Apoorva , Agnihotri Satish B. , Arunachalam Dharmalingam , Singh Ashish 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn India, undernutrition among children has been extremely critical for the last few decades. Most analyses of undernutrition among Indian children have used the administrative boundaries of a state or a district level as a unit of analysis. This paper departs from such a practice and focuses instead on the political boundaries of a parliamentary constituency (PC) as the unit of analysis. The PC is a critical geopolitical unit where political parties and party candidates make election promises and implement programmes to improve the socio-economic condition of their electorate. A focus on child undernutrition at this level has the potential for greater policy and political traction and could lead to a paradigm shift in the strategy to tackle the problem by creating a demand for political accountability. Different dimensions and new approaches are also required to evaluate the socio-economic status and generate concrete evidence to find solutions to the problem. Given the significance of advanced analytical methods and models embedded into geographic information system (GIS), the current study, for the first time, uses GIS tools and techniques at the PC level, conducting in-depth analysis of undernutrition and its predictors. Hence, this paper examines the spatial heterogeneity in undernutrition across PCs by using geospatial techniques such as univariate and bivariate local indicator of spatial association and spatial regression models. The analysis highlights the high–low burden areas in terms of local hotspots and identifies the potential spatial risk factors of undernutrition across the constituencies. Striking variations in the prevalence of undernutrition across the constituencies were observed. Most of these constituencies that performed poorly both in terms of child nutrition and socio-economic indicators were located in the northern, western, and eastern parts of India. A statistically significant association of biological, socio-economic, and environmental factors such as women’s body mass index, anaemia in children, poverty, household sanitation facilities, and institutional births was established. The results highlight the need to bring in a mechanism of political accountability that directly connects elected representatives to maternal and child health outcomes. The spatial variability and pattern of undernutrition indicators and their correlates indicate that priority setting in research may also be greatly influenced by the neighbourhood association.
Gender, age and location-related factors in academic otolaryngology – the Greek paradigm
Authors: Karamitsou Paraskevi , Poutoglidis Alexandros , Sismanis Aristides , Georgalas Christos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo map Greek academic otolaryngologists, and assess gender, age and location-related differences in their rank and academic productivity.MethodsA pre-established database of local and diaspora scientists was used, after adjustment and updating for otolaryngology. The following data were recorded: age, gender, academic rank, country of work, total citations and h-index of December 2022.ResultsA total of 276 Greek academic otolaryngologists were identified in the Scopus database. Of Greek otolaryngologists, 15.9 per cent are women. Of all academic otolaryngologists, 27.1 per cent have a university post, but only 4 per cent of them are women. There is an almost linear correlation between university post ranking and citations. Otolaryngologists based in Greece accounted for 3 out of the 10 most cited Greek otolaryngologists.ConclusionThere are significant age, gender and location-related differences in academic output. The representation of women and the full use of their potential in medicine require proactive measures, to lift the burdens limiting their participation.
Development and Evaluation of a North America Ensemble Wildfire Air Quality Forecast: Initial Application to the 2020 Western United States “Gigafire”
Authors: Makkaroon P. , Tong D. Q. , Li Y. , Hyer E. J. , Xian P. , Kondragunta S. , Campbell P. C. , Tang Y. , Baker B. D. , Cohen M. D. , Darmenov A. , Lyapustin A. , Saylor R. D. , Wang Y. , Stajner I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWildfires emit vast amounts of aerosols and trace gases into the atmosphere, exerting myriad effects on air quality, climate, and human health. Ensemble forecasting has been proposed to reduce the large uncertainties in the wildfire air pollution forecast. This study presents the development of a multi‐model ensemble (MME) wildfire air pollution forecast over North America. The ensemble members include regional models (GMU‐CMAQ, NACC‐CMAQ, and HYSPLIT), global models (GEFS‐Aerosols, GEOS5, and NAAPS), and global ensemble (ICAP‐MME). Performance of the ensemble forecast was evaluated with MAIAC and VIIRS‐SNPP retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AirNow surface PM2.5 measurements during the 2020 Western United States “Gigafire” events (August–September 2020). Compared to individual models, the ensemble mean significantly reduced the biases and produced more consistent and reliable forecasts during extreme fire events. For AOD forecasts, the ensemble mean was able to improve model performance, such as increasing the correlation to 0.62 from 0.33 to 0.57 by individual models compared to VIIRS AOD. The ensemble mean also yields the best overall RANK (a composite indicator of four statistical metrics) when compared to VIIRS and MAIAC AOD. For the surface PM2.5 forecast, the ensemble mean outperformed individual models with the strongest correlation (0.60 vs. 0.43–0.54 by individual models), lowest fractional bias (0.54 vs. 0.55–1.32), highest hit rate (87% vs. 40%–82%), and highest RANK (2.83 vs. 2.40–2.81). Finally, the ensemble shows the potential to provide a probability forecast of air quality exceedances. The exceedance probability forecast can be further applied to early warnings of extreme air pollution episodes during large wildfire events.