bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Three Dimensional Fracture Propagation in Shale Oil Reservoirs with Multiple Horizontal Bedding Planes
Authors: He Rui , Fan Yu , Li Li , Chen Weihua , Chen Yan , Zeng Ji , Lv Zefei , Huang Liuke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As an unconventional resource, shale oil is extensively buried in the Sichuan Basin. The shale oil reservoirs have a large number of horizontal bedding planes with weaker strength, and the existence of bedding planes may suppress the growth of fracture height, leading to insufficient stimulation of reservoirs. Understanding the influence of bedding planes on vertical fracture propagation is crucial for engineers to know exactly how the fracture morphology is. In this paper, true triaxial experiment and 3D block DEM method are both adopted to investigate the propagation law of fractures in shales. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by fracturing experiments. This paper quantitatively evaluates the effect of geological and engineering parameters from calculated area of main fracture and activated bedding planes, and the mechanism of HF/BP interaction is analyzed. The experimental results show that the generated fracture is characterized by rough fracture surface and asymmetric propagation. The increase of injection rate is beneficial to the occurrence of penetration, and the development degree of bedding plane obviously affects the height growth of hydraulic fracture. The numerical results indicate that the hydraulic fracture tends to penetrate the bedding planes under the condition of higher vertical stress, higher cohesive strength of bedding plane, higher fluid viscosity, and higher displacement. Due to the influence of bedding planes, the fracture morphology is complex, mainly including "キ", "工", and "I" shape. The cohesive strength of bedding plane has significant impact on fracture propagation, and the tensile strength of bedding plane almost have no effect on fracture propagation. For shale reservoirs with well-developed bedding planes, the oriented perforation technology combined with deeply penetrated perforation bullets is recommended to be applied to improve the penetration ability of fracture. On the other hand, a high-viscosity fluid is recommended to be used to increase the fracture height, and then low-viscosity slick water is used to increase the bedding activation, thereby achieving effective spatial stimulation of reservoirs. According to the research results, a reverse hybrid pumping method is applied in Well L1, and ideal stimulating effect has been obtained. This paper provides an effective method for accurately simulating the vertical propagation of fractures in shale reservoirs with multiple bedding planes, deepen the engineers' understanding of the factors affecting the fracture morphologies, and help them optimize the fracturing parameters of shales.
Advanced team-based learning in clinical probation: improving initiatives for learning and team spirit of fourth year medical students
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Lei Ziying , Jie Yusheng , Wu Yuankai , Zhou Yun , Zhao ZhiXin , Lai Jing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Team-based learning (TBL) is widely used in preclinical medical curriculum. The aims of this study were to investigate the TBL teaching model in clinical probation and evaluate its teaching effectiveness in case discussion, compared with case-based learning (CBL). Fourth-year medical students who participated in clinical probation of infectious diseases were randomly distributed into the TBL and CBL groups. Each student anonymously completed teaching effectiveness evaluation forms after case discussions, and after the final examination. From August to September 2015, 100 students were enrolled. Both groups had clear teaching objectives and easy to follow teaching procedures. A higher percentage of students in the TBL group agreed that TBL contributed to the initiatives for preview and motivated case discussion, team spirit, and collaboration; but differences between the 2 groups were not significant (all P > 0.05). From December 2016 to April 2018, 239 students participated in TBL and 213 students in CBL. Compared with the CBL group, TBL received significantly higher scores of the above items (all P < 0.05), and also significantly higher scores with respect to the capacity of combining theory with clinical practice, and improved teacher-trainee interactions and practical problem-solving ability. The final examination scores of the TBL group were significantly higher than those of the CBL group (P = 0.021). In conclusion, TBL is more effective for improving medical student initiatives for preview and motivated case discussion, team spirit, and collaboration. Continuing efforts positively impacted student assessment of TBL and increased student appreciation for it.
Extracellular matrices of bone marrow stroma regulate cell phenotype and contribute to distinct stromal niches in vivo
Authors: Stone Andrew , Rand Emma , Thornes Gabriel , Kay Alasdair , Barnes Amanda , Hitchcock Ian , Genever Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are highly heterogeneous, which may reflect their diverse biological functions, including tissue maintenance, haematopoietic support and immune control. The current understanding of the mechanisms that drive the onset and resolution of heterogeneity, and how BMSCs influence other cells in their environment is limited. Here, we determined how the secretome of clonally-derived BMSC subtypes was able to direct cellular phenotype.
Methods
We used two immortalised clonal BMSC lines isolated from the same heterogeneous culture as model stromal subtypes with distinct phenotypic traits; a multipotent stem cell-like stromal line (Y201) and a nullipotent non-stem cell stromal line (Y202), isolated from the same donor BMSC pool. Label-free ptychographic imaging was used to track cell morphology and migration of the BMSC lines over 96 hours in colony-forming assays. We quantified the secreted factors of each cell line by mass spectrometry and confirmed presence of proteins in human bone marrow by immunofluorescence.
Results
Transfer of secreted signals from a stem cell to a non-stem cell resulted in a change in morphology and enhanced migration to more closely match stem cell-like features. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the Y201 stem cell secretome compared to Y202 stromal cells. We confirmed that the stem cell line produced a more robust ECM in culture and that this ECM was capable of changing migration and morphology of non-stem cells. The most highly enriched proteins, aggrecan and periostin, were identified at rare sites on the endosteal surfaces of mouse and human bone, underlying CD271-positive stromal cells, indicating that they may represent key non-cellular niche-components important for cell maintenance and phenotype in vivo.
Conclusions
We identified plasticity in BMSC morphology and migratory characteristics that can be modified through secreted proteins, particularly from multipotent stem cells. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of specific ECM proteins in co-ordination of cellular phenotype and highlight how non-cellular components of the BMSC niche may provide insights into cell population heterogeneity and the role of BMSCs in health and disease.
The Early Paleogene: A Glimpse of an Extremely Warm World
Authors: Slawson Jacob , Plink-Björklund Piret , Reichler Thomas , Baldassare Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the world warms, the Earth system moves towards a climate state without societal precedent1. This challenges predictions of the future, as climate models need to be tested and calibrated with real-world data from high carbon dioxide climates2. Despite the many advances in climate modeling, predictions of precipitation have particularly high uncertainties3. Earth history provides an opportunity to observe how the Earth system responded to high greenhouse gas emissions, enabling us to better predict how it may do so in the future. Here, we compile global proxy data from the Early Paleogene (66 − 49 Ma), a period with a warm climate overprinted by multiple rapid global warming events4, and suggested as a possible analogue for future worst-case scenarios1, 2. We show surprising results in the timing and duration of dramatic shifts in the hydrologic cycle occurring well prior to maximum temperatures and persisting well beyond. We provide a glimpse of an extremely warm Earth with ever-wet or monsoonal conditions in the northern and southern polar regions, and sustained aridity interrupted by extreme rainfall events at mid-latitudes. Our results indicate inconsistencies between proxy data and state-of-the-art paleoclimate models that are commonly used to predict and understand future climate change. Our focus on precipitation intermittency and intensity provides new data on long-term precipitation trends in high greenhouse gas climates to help address large uncertainties in future precipitation trends.
Electronic medical record-based prediction models developed and deployed in the HIV care continuum: a systematic review
Authors: Endebu Tamrat , Taye Girma , Addissie Adamu , Deksisa Alem , Deressa Wakgari 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess the methodological issues in prediction models developed using electronic medical records (EMR), and their early-stage clinical impact on the HIV care continuum.
Methods
A systematic search of entries in PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted between January 1, 2010, and January 17, 2022, to identify studies developing and deploying EMR-based prediction models. We used the CHARMS (Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies), PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool), and TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis) statement to assess the methodological issues. In addition, we consulted reporting guidelines for early-stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems to assess the clinical impact of the models.
Results
The systematic search yielded 35 eligible articles: 24 (68.6%) aimed at model development and 11 (31.4%) for model deployment. The majority of these studies predicted an individual's risk of carrying HIV (n = 12/35, 34.3%), risk of interrupting HIV care (n = 9/35), and predicted the risk of virological failure (n = 7/35). The methodological assessment for those 24 studies found that they were rated as high risk (n = 6/24), some concerns (n = 14/24), and a low risk of bias (n = 4/24). Several studies didn't report the number of events (n = 14/24), missing data management (n = 12/24), inadequate reporting of statistical performance (n = 18/24), and lack of external validation (n = 21/24) in their model development processes. The early-stage clinical impact assessment for those 9/11 deployed models showed improved care outcomes, such as HIV screening, engagement in care, and viral load suppression.
Conclusions
EMR-based prediction models have been developed, and some are practically deployed as clinical decision support tools in the HIV care continuum. Overall, while early-stage clinical impact is observed with those deployed models, it is important to address methodological concerns and assess their potential clinical impact before widespread implementation.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42023454765.
The effect of finasteride on the male rat brain
Authors: Lee Dong Sup , Choi Young Hyo , Kim Hee Youn , Yang Seung Ho , Koh Jun Sung , Choi Jin Bong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
5AR (5-alpha reductase) inhibitors may have negative effects on psychosexual activity, but there is still debate.
Objectives
We aimed to observe the effect of 5-alpha reductase type 2 inhibition on the brain by using finasteride.
Methods
Eight fourteen-week-old male rats were assigned to one of three groups (Group 1 as the control group, Group 2 as the finasteride group, and Group 3 as the finasteride withdrawal group). Rats in Groups 2 and 3 were administered finasteride for 4 weeks, and then rats in Group 2 were sacrificed, whereas rats in Group 3 were sacrificed 4 weeks thereafter. RT‒PCR and western blot for brain hemisphere, and immunohistochemistry for hippocampus and VMPOA were performed to evaluate the effect of finasteride on 5-alpha reductase type 2 and c-Fos.
Results
Dihydrotestosterone (ng/dl) and the dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio (%) decreased after 1 month of finasteride administration (Group 2), but the changes were abrogated after discontinuation of the drug (Group 3). Generally, these results were generally in accordance with those from the western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments; however, western blot analysis of 5-alpha reductase type 2 remained downregulated in Group 3. ThemRNAexpression of 5AR and c-Fos did not significantly change but tended to increase during finasteride administration.
Conclusions
Administration of finasteride exerted an effect on the brain, including the hippocampus and VMPOA, via 5AR-2 inhibition, resulting in a decrease inc-Fos protein activation, which may disappear after long-term cessation of the drug.
Arabic Eating-10 Assessment Tool Validation Using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation Of Swallowing (FEES) As An Imperfect Gold Standard: A Prospective Follow-up Cohort Study.
Authors: Abdel-Hay Da'ad , Abdelhay Osama , Ghatasheh Hamza , Al-Jarrah Sameer , Eid Suhaib , Tamimi Mutaz Al , AL-Mayata Ibrahim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Head and neck cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have diverse effects on patients, leading to dysphagia as a significant post-treatment issue. This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the EAT-10 questionnaire (A-EAT-10) using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) as an imperfect gold standard. Additionally, we seek to establish a correlation between A-EAT-10 and PEG tube insertion in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.Our sample comprised 130 head and neck cancer patients with varying cancer types at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC). We followed these patients throughout their distinct treatment plans up to one month after their final treatment session. During follow-up visits, we administered the A-Eat-10 questionnaire to monitor dysphagia. FEES were conducted at the initial and concluding visits to compare results with A-EAT-10 scores. The results in our tests, assuming independence or dependence, demonstrated excellent agreement. A-EAT-10 exhibited outstanding predictive capabilities with an AUC ranging from 93–97%. A-EAT-10 tended to slightly overestimate dysphagia at later treatment stages by approximately 20% compared to FEES, with an RR of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.56, p-value = 0.21), indicating statistical insignificance. In conclusion, A-EAT-10 exhibits excellent properties, making it a non-invasive, simple, and cost-effective alternative to FEES in dysphagia evaluation, and it can assist in predicting whether a patient requires PEG tube insertion before treatment initiation at first visits.
WHIM Syndrome: Report of a Novel Familial CXCR4V340fs Gain-of-function Mutation with a Milder Phenotype
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Lu , Chen Ran , Yu Lang , Zhao Shunkai , Jia Yanjun , Dou Ying , Zhang Zhiyong , An Yunfei , Tang Xuemei , Zhao Xiaodong , Zhou Lina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
WHIM syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant inborn errors of immunity characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infection, and myelokathexis. It is caused mainly by heterozygous mutations at the C-terminus of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) gene. Here, we report a Chinese family of four harboring a novel mutation in the C-terminal domain of CXCR4 (c.1016_1017dupCT), which caused a frameshift at codon V340, resulting in an extension of 14 amino acids (p.V340L fs*27). All four patients had recurrent respiratory infections and neutropenia, but no hypogammaglobulinemia. However, the number of naïve T cells and B cell subsets was significantly lower than normal. Compared with a patient harboring hotspot mutation CXCR4R334X, those with the CXCR4V340fs mutation had a milder clinical and immunological phenotype. Accordingly, and similar to the CXCR4R334X mutation, the novel frameshift mutation CXCR4V340fs resulted in impaired receptor downregulation in patients’ PBMCs, and in HEK293T cells transfected with mutant plasmids, thereby increasing the amplitude and duration of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 signaling after CXCL12 stimulation. Thus, we describe a novel pathogenic CXCR4 mutation causing familial WHIM syndrome.
Using Citizen Science to Infer Characteristics and Habitat Use of Reef Manta Rays (Mobula Alfredi) in New Caledonia
Authors: Lassauce Hugo , Château Olivier , Wantiez Laurent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) are observed at several sites in all parts of the archipelago of New Caledonia. The species faces threats from human exploitation and activity in several regions of the world and crucial information on the ecology of the species is needed. This study is the first to investigate the population of New Caledonia and focuses on its characteristics and its habitat use. We used citizen science over four years (2015–2020) to collect 1741 photo-identifications from 11 sites. The unique ventral coloration patterns of the manta rays allowed the identification of 391 individuals. These results highlight the widespread distribution of the species in the archipelago with little connectivity between all aggregations sites, with only 5.4% of the individuals observed at more than one site. Strong and long-term site fidelity was recorded at all studied sites through re-sighting rates and residency analysis. The population also records the highest known proportion of melanistic manta rays (43%) to date, and a balanced male : female ratio (1.0 : 1.15). The analysis of injuries reported a low impact from anthropogenic stressors, with only 9.8% of injuries judged to be of anthropogenic origin. Attempted predation rates were not higher than other location in the world with 29.7% of individuals bearing bite-related injuries. Our study highlights the need for further investigations on the spatial ecology and structure of the population to assess essential habitat and address potential localised threats, and thus, inform by conservation projects.
Comparative Analysis of FACTS Devices on Harmonics Suppression in WES
Authors: Yarlagadda Venu , Garikapati Annapurna Karthika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Recent era of modern age integrates the green energy into the power grid which brings the plenty of advantages in the power generation. Wind plant was designed and with Asynchronous Generator with self excitation quipped with a hybrid FACTS controller comprising a multi-level DSTATCOM and D-GCSC for controlling terminal voltage against load disturbances. The harmonics in the system have been suppressed using both multilevel DSTATCOM with filter and with hybrid compensator and the comparison have been made using bar charts. THD analysis have been made for all four cases and it is observed that, with multilevel DSTATCOM with filter and hybrid FACTS controller, it tremendously reduced to very low value which is highly acceptable according to IEEE standards. The comparative analysis have been performed for both multilevel DSTATCOM with filter and hybrid compensator , even both are quite effective in mitigating harmonics , the hybrid compensator shows the superiority in mitigation of voltage harmonics.
Analisis Status Kualitas Air Metode STORET Saluran Irigasi di DI Mondoroko
Authors: Petra Denindya Zefanya Alovy , Riyanto Haribowo  
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Saluran Irigasi Mondoroko yang terletak pada Daerah Irigasi Mondoroko, Kecamatan Singosari, Kabupaten Malang yang sampai sekarang masih aktif digunakan. Melihat keadaan tersebut penentuan kualitas air terkait kesesuaian kualitas air dengan peruntukannya untuk tanaman sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi pertanian perlu dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kualitas air untuk beberapa parameter, rata-rata yang didapatkan, yaitu untuk suhu sebesar 26.5 °C, TDS sebesar 193 mg/L, Ph sebesar 8.41, dan untuk DO sebesar 3.98 mg/L. Dan dari hasil perhitungan yang diperoleh mutu air irigasi Saluran Irigasi Mondoroko yang dinilai menggunakan metode STORET didapatkan untuk mutu kelas I, II, III dan IV berturut-turut mempunyai skor -10; -8; 0 dan 0 sehingga kualifikasi mutu airnya dinyatakan untuk kelas I dan II adalah tercemar ringan, sedangkan untuk kelas III dan IV adalah memenuhi baku mutu. Melihat hasil tersebut, penggunaan air irigasi Mondoroko sudah sesuai dengan peruntukannya atau dengan kata lain air irigasi tersebut cocok untuk digunakan untuk pembudidayaan ikan air tawar, peternakan, air untuk mengairi pertanaman, dan atau peruntukan lain yang mempersyaratkan air yang sama dengan kegunaan.
Studying the effect of different combinations of neuroprotectors on biochemical markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Karimulin R.F. , Semenenko A.I. 
Published: November 2023

Background. Preservation and restoration of neurons in the ischemic penumbra by developing new methods for neuroprotection is one of the urgent issues of modern medicine. The purpose was to study the effect of different combinations of neuroprotectors with different mechanisms of action by analyzing markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the blood serum of patients with ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. A randomized prospective controlled study was conducted on the use of neuroprotective complexes (NPC): NPC 1 (cerebrolysin + mexidol) and NPC 2 (cerebrolysin + citicoline), in patients with moderate and severe ische-mic stroke. They were randomly divided into groups: 1) comparison group — standard therapy; 2) NPC 1 along with standard treatment; 3) NPC 2 against the background of standard treatment. Laboratory studies on assessing interleukin-6, endothelin-1 and caspase-8 in blood serum were performed in dynamics, on days 1, 4 and 7. Results. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, the therapy scheme, which included the administration of NPС 2, was 1.6–2.1 times (p < 0.01) ahead of standard treatment, as well as 1.2–1.4 times (p < 0.05) — of standard treatment combined with NPC 1. The regimen, which included NPC 2, in terms of endothelium protection and antiapoptotic effect exceeded standard treatment alone by 1.8–3.5 and 1.5–2.3 times (p < 0.01), respectively, as well as by 1.2–1.5 and 1.2–1.3 times (p < 0.05) — standard treatment combined with the use of NPС 1. Conclusions. The use of NPС 2 (cerebrolysin + citicoline) for the treatment of moderate and severe ischemic strokes in combination with standard therapy showed the most pronounced and reliable neuroprotective effect (p < 0.05).