bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of T‐cell–mediated apoptosis in heterogeneous leukemia populations using four‐color multiparameter flow cytometry
Authors: Westers Theresia M. , Houtenbos Ilse , Schuurhuis Gerrit Jan , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe unique capacity of dendritic cells to present antigens to naive T cells is being increasingly utilized in cancer therapy. The efficacy of cell‐based immunotherapy can be analyzed by determination of cytotoxic activity of T cells toward tumor cells in vitro. This study supplies a flow cytometric method to analyze T‐cell–mediated cytotoxic activity toward heterogeneous leukemic cell populations at a single‐cell level.MethodsThe fluorescent probe SYTO16 and the dead‐cell dye 7‐aminoactinomycine‐D (7‐AAD) were used to identify early and late stages of apoptosis in combination with leukemia cell‐identifying markers. Determination of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells was performed by inclusion of fluorescent beads.ResultsIn nine acute myeloid leukemia samples and three leukemic cell lines the use of SYTO16 next to the dead‐cell marker 7‐AAD significantly increased (P = 0.001) the sensitivity of the cytotoxicity assay as compared with single use of 7‐AAD. Analysis of several effector‐to‐target ratios revealed the ability to determine dose‐response effects. Enumeration of absolute numbers resulted in coefficients of variation of 4.1% and 8.4% for cell lines and leukemic samples, respectively.ConclusionThe presented flow cytometric cytotoxicity assay enables the study of T‐cell–mediated apoptosis in a heterogenous leukemia population. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profile of the RNA‐binding protein gene hermes during chicken embryonic development
Authors: Wilmore Helen P. , McClive Peter J. , Smith Craig A. , Sinclair Andrew H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe hermes gene encodes an RNA‐binding protein containing an RNA‐recognition motif. Its expression has been described previously in Xenopus and in the developing heart of very young chicken embryos. We have analyzed the expression of cHermes in later heart development, where expression is maintained in the myocardium, and also in previously undescribed sites. cHermes expression first appears in the somites in the first terminally differentiated myocytes of both the epaxial and the hypaxial myotome. Expression is also seen in the primordium of the allantois and continues in the developing allantoic sac. cHermes expression in the pronephric and mesonephric kidneys coincides temporally and spatially with the appearance of the vascular components of the glomeruli. In addition, cHermes expression was seen in the mesoderm of the gut and in the notochord. Developmental Dynamics 233:1045–1051, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxygen modifies artery differentiation and network morphogenesis in the retinal vasculature
Authors: Claxton Suzanne , Fruttiger Marcus 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe mechanisms that control differentiation of immature blood vessels into either arteries or veins are not well understood. Because oxygen tension in arteries is higher than in veins, oxygen has the potential to be an instructive signal for artery/vein (AV) differentiation. We test this hypothesis by exposing newborn mice to moderate hypoxia (10% atmospheric oxygen) and studying AV differentiation in the developing retinal vasculature. Forming retinal arteries fail to express the artery‐specific markers Delta‐like 4 (Dll4) and EphrinB2 during hypoxia. However, other aspects of AV differentiation are retained such as high levels of alpha smooth muscle actin in arterial mural cells and vein‐specific expression of the msr/apj gene. The capillary network between arteries and veins is denser, and capillaries expressing the venous marker msr/apj are found in territories normally occupied by arterial capillaries. Thus, it appears that high oxygen in arterial blood is required for arterial expression of Dll4 and EphrinB2, which could be involved in cell–cell repulsion pathways that dictate the normal segregation of arteries and veins. Developmental Dynamics 233:822–828, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of gene expression patterns in the developing chick liver
Authors: Yanai Masaaki , Tatsumi Norifumi , Endo Fumio , Yokouchi Yuji 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe chick embryo has been used widely for studying liver development. However, in the past 30 years, the usage has decreased markedly due to lack of appropriate marker genes for differentiation in the developing chick liver. To use the chick embryo for analyzing the molecular mechanism of liver development, we surveyed marker genes in the developing chick liver by examining the expression pattern of genes that are well‐characterized in the developing mammalian liver. By whole‐mount in situ hybridization, Fibrinogen‐gamma (FIB) expression was first detected at stage 12, specifically in the anterior intestinal portal, and its liver‐specific expression persisted in the later stages. Albumin (ALB) expression was first detected at stage 30, when the liver starts maturing. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was first detected at stage 37 in the ductal plate of the liver, and its expression continued in the intrahepatic bile ducts derived from the ductal plate. Hex, a transcription factor, is an additional marker of bile duct differentiation. Hence, FIB, ALB, and CK19 expression can be used to trace hepatic induction, maturation, and bile duct differentiation, respectively. Developmental Dynamics 233:1116–1122, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transgenic zebrafish that express tyrosine hydroxylase promoter in inner retinal cells
Authors: Gao Yan , Li Ping , Li Lei 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have generated a transgenic zebrafish line [Tg(Th:GFP)] that expresses green fluorescence proteins (GFP) driven by rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter. In zebrafish, the transgene was expressed as early as 16 hr postfertilization (hpf). The first transgene expression was detected in the midbrain. Within a few hours of development, the expression spread to the forebrain and hindbrain. In the retina, the first transgene expression was detected at approximately 40 hpf, at which time a single GFP‐positive cell was seen in the ventral–nasal patch of the retina. In late development, GFP spread across the inner retina. GFP was found in retinal cells that expressed TH or phenylethanolamine N‐methyl‐transferase (PNMT), the first and last enzymes for synthesis of catecholamine, respectively. This suggests that the transgene is expressed in catecholaminergic neurons. Of interest, GFP was also detected in some retinal cells that release γ‐aminobutyric acid. These latter data suggest that the transgene may also be expressed in noncatecholaminergic cells. Developmental Dynamics 233:921–929, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zic4, a zinc‐finger transcription factor, is expressed in the developing mouse nervous system
Authors: Gaston‐Massuet Carles , Henderson Deborah J. , Greene Nicholas D.E. , Copp Andrew J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractZic genes comprise a family of transcription factors, characterized by the presence of a zinc‐finger domain containing two cysteines and two histidines (C2‐H2). Whereas the embryonic expression patterns of Zic1, 2, 3, and 5 have been described in detail, Zic4 has not yet received close attention. We studied the expression of Zic4 by in situ hybridization during mouse embryogenesis. Zic4 mRNA was first detected at low intensity at embryonic day (E) 9 and, by E10.5, expression was up‐regulated in the dorsal midline of the forebrain with a strong, expanded expression domain at the boundary between the diencephalon and telencephalon, the septum, and the lamina terminalis. The choroid plexus of the third ventricle expresses Zic4, as does the dorsal part of the spinal neural tube, excluding the roof plate. The dorsal sclerotome and the dorsomedial lip of the dermomyotome also express Zic4 whereas dorsal root ganglia are negative. At E12.5, Zic4 continues to be expressed in the midline of the forebrain and in the dorsal spinal neural tube. Postnatally, Zic4 is expressed in the granule cells of the postnatal day 2 cerebellum, and in the periventricular thalamus and anterior end of the superior colliculus. We conclude that Zic4 has an expression pattern distinct from, but partly overlapping with, other members of the Zic gene family. Developmental Dynamics 233:1110–1115, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and functional characterization of a novel connexin expressed in somites of Xenopus laevis
Authors: De Boer Teun P. , Kok Bart , Neuteboom Kirsten I.E. , Spieker Nicole , De Graaf Jochum , Destrée Olivier H.J. , Rook Martin B. , Van Veen Toon A.B. , Jongsma Habo J. , Vos Marc A. , De Bakker Jacques M.T. , Van Der Heyden Marcel A.G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractConnexin‐containing gap junctions play an essential role in vertebrate development. More than 20 connexin isoforms have been identified in mammals. However, the number identified in Xenopus trails with only six isoforms described. Here, identification of a new connexin isoform from Xenopus laevis is described. Connexin40.4 was found by screening expressed sequence tag databases and carrying out polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA. This new connexin has limited amino acid identity with mammalian (<50%) connexins, but conservation is higher (∼62%) with fish. During Xenopus laevis development, connexin40.4 was first expressed after the mid‐blastula transition. There was prominent expression in the presomitic paraxial mesoderm and later in the developing somites. In adult frogs, expression was detected in kidney and stomach as well as in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. Ectopic expression of connexin40.4 in HEK293 cells, resulted in formation of gap junction like structures at the cell interfaces. Similar ectopic expression in neural N2A cells resulted in functional electrical coupling, displaying mild, asymmetric voltage dependence. We thus cloned a novel connexin from Xenopus laevis, strongly expressed in developing somites, with no apparent orthologue in mammals. Developmental Dynamics 233:864–871, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative analysis of the natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster in vertebrates reveals loss of ANF and retention of CNP‐3 in chicken
Authors: Houweling Arjan C. , Somi Semir , Massink Maarten P.G. , Groenen Martien A. , Moorman Antoon F.M. , Christoffels Vincent M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe identified and characterized the chicken natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster and found its organization to be highly conserved compared with the mammalian Nppb‐Nppa cluster. However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the putative chicken natriuretic peptide precursor genes are the homologues of CNP‐3 and Nppb, respectively. Comparative expression analysis revealed that, in human, mouse, and rat hearts, Nppb is a novel marker for the differentiating working myocardium. Its expression pattern is strikingly similar to that of Nppa before birth, and diverges only after birth. In contrast, whereas the chicken Nppb gene expression profile resembled that of mammalian Nppb, the CNP‐3 gene showed very limited expression in the heart, not resembling the pattern of either Nppa or Nppb. These results show that, in chicken, the Nppa gene has been lost from the natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster, whereas the CNP‐3 gene has been retained. Developmental Dynamics 233:1076–1082, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cx31 and Cx43 double‐deficient mice reveal independent functions in murine placental and skin development
Authors: Kibschull Mark , Magin Thomas M. , Traub Otto , Winterhager Elke 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe overlapping expression of gap junctional connexins in tissues has indicated that the channels may compensate for each other. During development, Cx31 and Cx43 are coexpressed in preimplantation embryos, in the spongiotrophoblast of the placenta and in the epidermis. This study shows that Cx31/Cx43 double‐deficient mice exhibit the known phenotypes of the single‐knockout strains but no combined effects. Thus, Cx43, coexpressed with Cx31 at midgestation in the spongiotrophoblast of the placenta, cannot be responsible for a partial rescue of the lethal Cx31 knockout phenotype, as assumed before (Plum et al. [ 2001] Dev Biol 231:334–337). It follows that both connexins have unique functions in placental development. Despite an altered expression of other epidermal connexin mRNAs, epidermal differentiation and physiology was unaltered by the absence of Cx31 and Cx43. Therefore, in epidermal and preimplantation development, gap junctional communication can probably be compensated by other isoforms coexpressed with Cx31 and Cx43. Developmental Dynamics 233:853–863, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone deacetylase 1 is required for cell cycle exit and differentiation in the zebrafish retina
Authors: Stadler Jochen A. , Shkumatava Alena , Norton William H.J. , Rau Marlene J. , Geisler Robert , Fischer Sabine , Neumann Carl J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHistone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism for the control of eukaryotic transcription. The histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) gene has been implicated in controlling the transcription of core cell cycle regulators, but the in vivo role of HDACs in cell cycle regulation is still poorly understood. Loss of HDAC1 activity causes underproliferation in several contexts during vertebrate development. In contrast, we show here that HDAC1 has the opposite effect in the zebrafish visual system, where loss of HDAC1 activity leads to failure of cells to exit the cell cycle in the retina and in the optic stalk. The effect of HDAC1 on cell cycle exit is cell‐autonomous, and loss of HDAC1 in the retina leads to up‐regulation of cyclin D and E transcripts. These results demonstrate that the in vivo role of HDAC1 in regulating cell cycle progression is region‐specific, as HDAC1 promotes cell cycle exit in the retina but stimulates proliferation in other cellular contexts. Developmental Dynamics 233:883–889, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovery of plate‐type scyphocrinoid loboliths in the uppermost Pr̆ídolían–lowermost Lochkovian Upper Setul limestone of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Lee Chai Peng 
Published: May 2005

AbstractScyphocrinoid loboliths, the bulbous floats attached to the roots of a group of large Late Silurian to Early Devonian crinoids, were found within the top part of the Upper Setul limestone at two localities, in a band of limestone at Memplam Bay and in limestone blocks from a soil quarry at Guar Jentik, in northwest Peninsular Malaysia. The loboliths belong to the plate type, characterized by having plated chamber walls, few internal chambers and the presence of chamber openings near the axil of each primary root. Plate loboliths belong to species of Marhoumacrinus and Camarocrinus of the uppermost Pr̆ídolían to lowermost Lochkovian, and occur generally above cirrus loboliths, which are Pr̆ídolían only. Armoured floats are believed to have provided better protection against predators and the physical elements. These loboliths are important for correlation with other occurrences worldwide and especially within the Shan‐Thai or SIBUMASU (SinoBurMalayaSumatra) terrane of southeast Asia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The late Pleistocene hutias (Geocapromys brownii) of Red Hills Fissure, Jamaica
Authors: McFarlane Donald A. , Blake Jerome 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRed Hills Fissure (RHF) is an in‐filled, karstic solutional feature exposed by a roadcut in southern Jamaica. The site was discovered in 1988 and immediately recognized as an unusually rich source of late Quaternary gastropods and vertebrate bone dating from the late Pleistocene. Recent work on RHF has focused on the abundant remains of the endemic, mid‐sized rodent Geocapromys brownii. Morphological data on a collection of hemi‐mandibles has facilitated the construction of a life table for the species in the late Pleistocene: the first for any West Indian Pleistocene vertebrate. Studies of fluorine uptake in the fossil bone have also defined the time‐span of the RHF deposit, approximately 25–40 kyr BP. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upper Llandovery (Telychian) crinoids (Echinodermata) of Devil's Dingle, Buildwas, Shropshire
Authors: Donovan Stephen K. , Lewis David N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo crinoids with strong North American affinities are described from the Telychian (Upper Llandovery, Lower Silurian) of Devil's Dingle, near Buildwas, Shropshire. The disparid Myelodactylus convolutus Hall is easily differentiated from other members of this genus from the Silurian of the British Isles by its distinctive stem geometry. This species was hitherto only known with certainty from North America, although an unsubstantiated report had identified it previously from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation. The sagenocrinid flexible Clidochirus? sp. is tentatively assigned to a genus originally identified from Gotland, but best known from North America. The specimen from Devil's Dingle is probably a new species, with arms branching only twice and a distinctive sculpture to the tertibrachials, but only one side of the crown is exposed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of anterior temporal cortex to syntactic and prosodic manipulations during sentence processing
Authors: Humphries Colin , Love Tracy , Swinney David , Hickok Gregory 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPrevious research has implicated a portion of the anterior temporal cortex in sentence‐level processing. This region activates more to sentences than to word‐lists, sentences in an unfamiliar language, and environmental sound sequences. The current study sought to identify the relative contributions of syntactic and prosodic processing to anterior temporal activation. We presented auditory stimuli where the presence of prosodic and syntactic structure was independently manipulated during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Three “structural” conditions included normal sentences, sentences with scrambled word order, and lists of content words. These three classes of stimuli were presented either with sentence prosody or with flat supra‐lexical (list‐like) prosody. Sentence stimuli activated a portion of the left anterior temporal cortex in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and extending into the middle temporal gyrus, independent of prosody, and to a greater extent than any of the other conditions. An interaction between the structural conditions and prosodic conditions was seen in a more dorsal region of the anterior temporal lobe bilaterally along the superior temporal gyrus (STG). A post‐hoc analysis revealed that this region responded either to syntactically structured stimuli or to nonstructured stimuli with sentence‐like prosody. The results suggest a parcellation of anterior temporal cortex into 1) an STG region that is sensitive both to the presence of syntactic information and is modulated by prosodic manipulations (in nonsyntactic stimuli); and 2) a more inferior left STS/MTG region that is more selective for syntactic structure. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Dionysos Nutrition and Liver Study * #
Authors: Bedogni Giorgio , Miglioli Lucia , Masutti Flora , Tiribelli Claudio , Marchesini Giulio , Bellentani Stefano 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

The prevalence of and the risk factors for fatty liver have not undergone a formal evaluation in a representative sample of the general population. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study in the town of Campogalliano (Modena, Italy), within the context of the Dionysos Project. Of 5,780 eligible persons aged 18 to 75 years, 3,345 (58%) agreed to participate in the study. Subjects with suspected liver disease (SLD), defined on the basis of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) activity, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA positivity, were matched with randomly selected subjects of the same age and sex without SLD. A total of 311 subjects with and 287 without SLD underwent a detailed clinical, laboratory, and anthropometrical evaluation. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography, and alcohol intake was assessed by using a 7-day diary. Multinomial logistic regression was used to detect risk factors for normal liver versus nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and for alcoholic fatty liver (AFLD) versus NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD was similar in subjects with and without SLD (25

vs.

20%,

P

= .203). At multivariable analysis, normal liver was more likely than NAFLD in older subjects and less likely in the presence of obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and systolic hypertension; AFLD was more likely than NAFLD in older subjects, males, and in the presence of elevated GGT and hypertriglyceridemia, and less likely in the presence of obesity and hyperglycemia.
In conclusion,
NAFLD is highly prevalent in the general population, is not associated with SLD, but is associated with many features of the metabolic syndrome. (Hepatology 2005.)
Purification and Characterization of Mouse Fetal Liver Epithelial Cells With High In Vivo Repopulation Capacity *
Authors: Nierhoff Dirk , Ogawa Atsushi , Oertel Michael , Chen Yuan-Qing , Shafritz David A. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Epithelial cells in embryonic day (ED) 12.5 murine fetal liver were separated from hematopoietic cell populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and were characterized by immunocytochemistry using a broad set of antibodies specific for epithelial cells (α-fetoprotein [AFP], albumin [ALB], pancytokeratin [PanCK], Liv2, E-cadherin, Dlk), hematopoietic/endothelial cells (Ter119, CD45, CD31), and stem/progenitor cells (c-Kit, CD34, Sca-1). AFP+/ALB+ cells represented approximately 2.5% of total cells and were positive for the epithelial-specific surface markers Liv2, E-cadherin, and Dlk, but were clearly separated and distinct from hematopoietic cells (Ter119+/CD45+). Fetal liver epithelial cells (AFP+/E-cadherin+) were Sca-1+ but showed no expression of hematopoietic stem cell markers c-Kit and CD34. These cells were enriched by FACS sorting for E-cadherin to a purity of 95% as defined by co-expression of AFP and PanCK. Purified fetal liver epithelial cells formed clusters in cell culture and differentiated along the hepatocytic lineage in the presence of dexamethasone, expressing glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) and tyrosine amino transferase. Wild-type ED12.5 murine fetal liver cells were transplanted into adult dipeptidyl peptidase IV knockout mice and differentiated into mature hepatocytes expressing ALB, G6P, and glycogen, indicating normal biochemical function. Transplanted cells became fully incorporated into the hepatic parenchymal cords and showed up to 80% liver repopulation at 2 to 6 months after cell transplantation.
In conclusion
, we isolated and highly purified a population of epithelial cells from the ED12.5 mouse fetal liver that are clearly separate from hematopoietic cells and differentiate into mature, functional hepatocytes

in vivo

with the capacity for efficient liver repopulation.

Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website

(
http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html
). (Hepatology 2005;.)