bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Manajemen Kelas pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Gulo Betieli 
Published: February 2025

The classroom is the center for all aspects of learning to meet and process. The classroom is a place that allows students to freely learn with efforts made by the teacher which is known as classroom management. However, it is found that many teachers are unable to differentiate between classroom management and teaching activities. Teachers only know how to teach but have weaknesses in managing the class. Teachers should be able to manage the class by looking at elements in teaching such as student background, curriculum used, methods, media and teaching materials. The learning curriculum merdeka is being hotly discussed and recommended by the government to be applied to learning, including in the field of study of Christian Religious Education. Implementing the learning curriculum merdeka in Christian religious education is both a challenge and a necessity through good classroom management skills. This research uses a qualitative method, where the findings are analyzed and then described in sentences. The research results found that teachers who understand classroom management will find it easier to implement an curriculum merdeka, students will have more freedom to learn because learning is in accordance with their comfortable position, and the teacher's expertise in managing the classroom will make it easier to achieve learning goals and increase students' interest in learning Christian Religious Education . ABSTRAKKelas merupakan pusat segala aspek pembelajaran bertemu dan berproses. Kelas merupakan tempat yang memungkinkan siswa bebas belajar dengan upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru yang disebut sebagai manajemen kelas. Tetapi, banyak ditemukan guru tidak mampu membedakan antara manajemen kelas dengan kegiatan mengajar. Guru hanya mengetahui bagaimana mengajar tetapi memiliki kelemahan mengelola kelas. Guru harusnya mampu mengelola kelas dengan melihat elemen dalam mengajar seperti latarbelakang siswa, kurikulum yang digunakan, metode, media, dan bahan ajar. Kurikulum merdeka belajar sedang hangat diperbincangkan dan dianjurkan oleh pemerintah untuk diterapkan pada pembelajaran, termasuk pada bidang studi Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar dalam pendidikan agama Kristen merupakan sebuah tantangan sekaligus keharusan melalui kemampuan mengelola kelas yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dimana hasil temuan dianalisa lalu dideskripsikan dalam kalimat. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa guru yang memahami manajemen kelas akan lebih mudah menerapkan kurikulum merdeka, siswa lebih leluasa untuk belajar karena pembelajaran sesuai dengan posisi kenyamanan mereka. Kepiawaian guru dalam mengelola kelas akan memberi kemudahan pada pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran serta meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Kata Kunci : Manajemen; Kelas; Pembelajaran PAK; Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar
Pendampingan Pastoral Dalam Melayani Pemulihan Orang dalam Gangguan Jiwa Tanpa Obat Berbahan Kimia
Authors: Indratno Yohanes Twintarto Agus , Ekoprodjo Herman Sjahthi 
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on explaining how pastoral care should be carried out in services to people with mental disorders (ODGJ) without involving chemical drugs. This topic is explained because it is factual that ODGJ are all around us, even in the church environment. Church involvement is a necessity because the church is a religious institution that is expected to be active in social issues around it. By taking an observational and literary approach, this article is designed to help promote pastoral care. The findings from researching this article reveal that pastoral care, which can be provided through church-based spiritual counseling services, is an important pillar. Then intensive assistance becomes an important part of ODGJ. By implementing this, it will have an impact on significant changes both in the physiological aspects of ODGJ and in their spiritual aspects. Keywords: Church, Pastoral Care, People with Mental Disorders ABSTRAKTulisan ini berfokus menguraikan bagaimana semestinya pendampingan pastoral yang dilakukan dalam pelayanan kepada orang dalam gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) tanpa melibatkan obat-obatan berbahan kimia. Topik ini diuraikan karena secara faktual bahwa ODGJ ada dikitar kita bahkan dalam lingkungan gereja sekalipun. Keterliban gereja merupakan keharusan, karena gereja merupakan lembaga keagamaan yang diharapkan aktif dalam masalah-masalah sosial di sekitarnya. Dengan melakukan pendekatan observasi dan literatur, artikel ini dirancang bertujuan untuk menolong agar pendampingan pastoral makin menggeliat digalakkan. Hasil temuan dari penelusuran artikel ini mengungkapkan pendampingan pastoral yang dapat dilakukan melalui pelayanan berbasis gereja konseling rohani menjadi pilar penting. Kemudian adanya pendampingan yang intensif menjadi bagian penting kepada ODGJ. Dengan menerapkan itu, akan berdampak pada perubahan secra signifikan baik dalam aspek fisiologis ODGJ maupun dalam aspek spiritualnya. Kata Kunci: Gereja, Pendampingan Pastoral, Orang Dalam Gangguan Jiwa
Misi Tuhan Terhadap Panggilan Nabi Yunus dalam Konteks Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Nainggolan Jisman 
Published: February 2025

This research discusses God's mission towards the call of the prophet Jonah in the context of Christian religious education, which is one of the interesting stories in the Old Testament. The purpose of this research is to explore God's main purpose in calling the prophet Jonah, Jonah's process in answering the call, and the response of God and the Prophet Jonah to the events that occurred. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature review approach to analyze various relevant literature. The results of this research show that God's call to Jonah was not only to punish the city of Ninevehhis research uses qualitative methods with a literature review approach to analyze various relevant literature. but also to show God's mercy andgospele to forgive those who repent. This research also examines the implications of Jonah's call to preach the Gospel today, especially in the context of Christian religious education.Penelitian ini membahas tentang misi Tuhan terhadap panggilan nabi Yunus dalam konteks Pendidikan agama Kristen yang merupakan salah satu kisah yang menarik dalam Perjanjian Lama dan . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi tujuan utama Tuhan dalam memanggil nabi Yunus, proses Yunus dalam menjawab panggilan tersebut, dan respons Tuhan dan Nabi Yunus terhadap peristiwa yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan tinjauan pustaka untuk menganalisis berbagai literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa panggilan Tuhan kepada Yunus bukan hanya untuk menghukum kota Niniwe, namun juga untuk menunjukkan belas kasihan dan keinginan Tuhan untuk mengampuni mereka yang bertobat. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji implikasi panggilan Yunus untuk memberitakan Injil pada masa kini, khususnya dalam konteks pendidikan agama Kristen.Kata kunci: Misi Tuhan, Yunus, Implikasi Panggilan, Pengampunan
Karakter Pemimpin Kristen yang Ideal Menurut 1 Timotius 4:12
Authors: Anderson Lindin , Kefas Trio Klaudius 
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on explaining what the ideal character of a Christian leader looks like based on 1 Timothy 4:12. The book of 1 Timothy was chosen to describe the ideal character of a Christian leader because the Bible character Timothy is an ideal example in displaying the theological side of the character of a Christian leader. The background of this study is based on the fact that the theological values of the character of Christian leaders are increasingly fading and disappearing. This is characterized by a life centered on hedonism, which is dominantly displayed in life practices, the emergence of disputes between leaders, and various problems presented by church leaders. By taking a methodological approach to literature and exegesis on the text of 1 Timothy 4:12. So the results of the description in this study found that the ideal Christian leadership character from the perspective of the book of Timothy is honest, trustworthy, lives a holy life, and has a strong pastoral side that protects and builds the faith of the congregation. This side of the leadership character displayed by the figure of Timothy is a reflection and lesson for Christian leaders today. ABSTRAKTulisan ini berfokus menguraikan seperti apa karakter yang ideal sebagai seorang pemimpin Kristen dari kajian 1 Timotius 4:12. Kitab 1 Timotius dipilih untuk menguraikan keidealan karakter pemimpin Kristen, karena tokoh Alkitab Timotius merupakan percontohan yang ideal dalam menampilkan sisi karakter kepemimpin Kristen yang teologis. Latar-belakang kajian ini teruruai karena secara faktual makin memudarnya dan hilangnya nilai-nilai teologis karakter pemimpin Kristen saat ini. Hal ini ditandai dengan kehidupan yang berpusat pada hedonisme yang dominan ditampilkan dalam praktik kehidupan, menyeruaknya perselisihan kesesama pemimpin dan berbagai problematika yang ditampilkan para pemimpin gereja. Dengan melakukan pendekatan metologis literatur dan eksegesis pada teks 1 Timotius 4:12. Maka hasil uraian pada kajian ini menemukan, bahwa karakter kepemimpin Kristen yang ideal dari sudut pandang kitab Timotius adalah, jujur, amanah, hidup suci, serta kuat sisi pastoral yang mengayomi dan pembinaan iman jemaat. Sisi karakter kepemimpinan yang ditampilkan oleh figur Timotius ini menjadi refleksi dan pembelajaran bagi para pemimpin Kristen saat ini. Kata Kunci: Karakter, Pemimpin Kristen, Ideal, I Timotius 4:12
Effects of Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Authors: T.P. Abegunrin , F.A. Aderinto, , Elijah Onofua, O. , B.A. Adeosun, , G.O. Awe, , P. Masupha, , J. M. Ntsibane, , D.O. Idowu, , M.A. Adejumobi, , T. B Adebayo, , I. O. Adesoye, 
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths and intervals on cucumber yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in Ogbomoso, Nigeria, to develop sustainable irrigation strategies for water-limited environments.
Study Design: The experiment employed a split-plot randomized complete block design with three irrigation depths (D1: 100% ETc, D2: 85% ETc, D3: 70% ETc) as main plots and three irrigation intervals (I1: daily, I2: 2-day, I3: 3-day) as sub-plots.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Agricultural Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, during the dry season between February and April 2024.
Methodology: The Darina F1 cucumber variety was grown under drip irrigation. Yield and water consumption were monitored throughout the growing season. Irrigation volumes were calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and WUE was determined as the ratio of yield to total irrigation water applied. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and treatment means were separated using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% probability level.
Results: The highest yield (8,738.79 kg/ha) was achieved under full irrigation (D1), while the highest WUE (155.30 kg/m³) was observed under D3, representing a 15% improvement over full irrigation. Daily irrigation (I1) produced the highest WUE (196.52 kg/m³), approximately 37% higher than 2-day intervals. The interaction between depth and interval revealed that D3I1 (70% ETc with daily irrigation) achieved the optimal balance between yield and water use efficiency, with a WUE of 210.18 kg/m³.
Conclusion: 70% ETc irrigation combined with daily water application offers a sustainable approach for cucumber production in water-limited environments, balancing yield and water conservation. Full irrigation with daily intervals remains the most productive approach where water availability is not constrained.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seafood from Southern Nigeria’s Coastal Regions
Authors: Okoro Samson Eruke , Sylver-Ikurusi Ellena , Onuoha Samuel C. 
Published: February 2025

Aim: The levels of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tilapia fish, prawn, oyster and periwinkle samples from southern Nigeria’s coastal regions were evaluated to determine possible human health risk associated with consumption.
Study Design: Ten (10) samples each of the selected seafood were collected from mangrove swamps along Bakana River in the study area. The samples were analyzed for nutrient levels and concentrations of toxic metals and PAHs.
Methodology: The concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs in the selected seafood samples were determined using Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Probable human health risk associated with the seafood consumption for adult and children populations was evaluated using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) assessment for heavy metals and PAHs.
Results: The seafood samples showed the presence of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) but values were all below regulatory permissible limits of 0.6, 0.05, 3.0, 0.2 and 5.0 mg/kg respectively. PAH compounds (fluorene and anthracene) were below detectable limits in the seafood samples; phenanthrene was detected in all the seafood samples but highest in Tilapia fish, recording 28.32±0.05 mg/kg. Benzo (a) pyrene was below detectable limit in the investigated seafood samples. Carcinogenic Risk (CR) assessment values for heavy metals in the seafood samples were significantly (p<0.05) high for Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni in both adult and children populations. CR values for PAHs were within regulatory threshold of 10E-6 – 10E-4.
Conclusion: This study revealed that individual carcinogenic potencies for heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr) in the seafood samples exceed the guideline screening value for human consumption, indicating high potential for carcinogenic risk. Our findings suggest that Bakana river is exposed to substantial amount of carcinogenic environmental pollutants associated with deleterious environmental and epidemiological effects.
Chemical and Biological Management of Wilt Disease of Safflower
Authors: Prabhavathi  , Ashwini  
Published: February 2025

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different bio-agents and chemicals against wilt disease of safflower .The field experiment was conducted in a Randomised Block Design at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri during rabi 2021 and 2022, using crop variety, Annigeri-1 in a plot size of 2.25m × 4m and 12 treatments in 3 replications of fungicides and biocontrol agents in an integrated approach and observations such as per cent seedling emergence, wilt incidence at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing and seed yield per plot were recorded.Among the fungicides examined under field conditions, the combi-product Carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% showed the least per cent disease incidence at 30 days after sowing (4.62%), 60 days after sowing (11.74%) and 90 days after sowing (15.16%), followed by Penflufen 13.28% w/w + trifloxystrobin 13.28% w/w FS (11.94%) with less per cent disease incidence at 30 days after sowing (5.83%), 60 days after sowing (11.96%) and 90 days after sowing (15.72%) over untreated control, which has shown the highest per cent disease incidence at 30 days after sowing (27.00%), 60 days after sowing (37.60%) and 90 days after sowing (40.88%). Significantly, the least mean per cent disease incidence (10.67%) was observed in case of combi-product Carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% which was on par with Penflufen 13.28% w/w + trifloxystrobin 13.28% w/w FS (11.14%) and found to be superior over Thiophanate methyl 45% + pyraclostrobin 5% FS (12.48%) and Carbendazim 25% + mancozeb 50% (14.11%) over untreated control (35.16%). Among the biocontrol agents, the least per cent disease incidence was recorded in case of Trichoderma harzianumat 30 days after sowing (8.63%), 60 days after sowing (14.48%) and 90 days after sowing (19.18%) and the least mean per cent disease incidence (14.10%) followed by Neofusicoccum parvum (15.92%) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (18.595%). The highest mean per cent disease incidence (20.76%) was noticed in case of Bacillus subtilis as compared to untreated control (35.16%).
Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act and Early Mortality Following Lung Cancer Surgery
Authors: Nogueira Leticia M. , Boffa Daniel J. , Jemal Ahmedin , Han Xuesong , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceMedicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is associated with gains in health insurance coverage, earlier stage diagnosis, and improved survival among patients with cancer.ObjectiveTo examine the association of Medicaid expansion with changes in early mortality among adults undergoing surgical resection of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a setting in which access to care is a major determinant of survival.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the National Cancer Database to identify 14 984 adults 45 to 64 years of age who underwent surgical resection of NSCLC between 2008 and 2019. Analysis was conducted between March 28, 2021, and September 1, 2023.ExposureState of residence Medicaid expansion status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDescriptive statistics were used to compare study population characteristics by Medicaid expansion status of patients’ state of residence. Difference-in-differences analyses were used to evaluate the association between Medicaid expansion and postoperative mortality before implementation of the ACA (2008-2013) vs after (2014-2019).ResultsAmong 14 984 adults included, the mean (SD) age was 56.3 (5.1) years, 54.6% were women, and 62.1% lived in Medicaid expansion states. Both 30-day (from 0.97% to 0.26%) and 90-day (from 2.63% to 1.32%) postoperative mortality decreased from before the ACA to after among patients residing in Medicaid expansion states (both P &amp;lt; .001) but not in nonexpansion states (30-day mortality before the ACA, 0.75% vs after the ACA, 0.68%; P = .74; and 90-day mortality before the ACA, 2.43% vs after the ACA, 2.20%; P = .57), leading to a difference-in-differences of −0.64 percentage points (95% CI, −1.19 to −0.08; P = .03) for 30-day mortality and −1.08 percentage points (95% CI, −2.08 to −0.08; P = .03) for 90-day mortality. The difference-in-differences for in-hospital mortality was not significant (P = .34) between expansion states (1.41% before the ACA to 0.77% after the ACA; 0.63 percentage point decrease; P = .004) and nonexpansion states (1.49% before the ACA to 1.20% after the ACA; 0.30 percentage point decrease; P = .29).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with NSCLC, Medicaid expansion was associated with declines in 30- and 90-day postoperative mortality following hospital discharge. These findings suggest that Medicaid expansion may be an effective strategy for improving access to care and cancer outcomes in this population.
Family Physician–to–Hospital Specialist Electronic Consultation and Access to Hospital Care
Authors: Peeters Ken M. M. , Reichel Loïs A. M. , Muris Dennis M. J. , Cals Jochen W. L. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceGlobally, health care systems face challenges in managing health care costs while maintaining access to hospital care, quality of care, and a good work balance for caregivers. Electronic consultations (e-consultations)—defined as asynchronous, consultative communication between family physicians and hospital specialists—may offer advantages to face these challenges.ObjectiveTo provide a quantitative synthesis of the association of e-consultation with access to hospital care and the avoidance of hospital referrals.Evidence ReviewA systematic search through PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase was conducted. Eligible studies included original research studies published from January 2010 to March 2023 in English, Dutch, or German that reported on outcomes associated with access to hospital care and the avoidance of hospital referrals. Reference lists of included articles were searched for additional studies. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) scores were assigned to assess quality of evidence.FindingsThe search strategy resulted in 583 records, of which 72 studies were eligible for data extraction after applying exclusion criteria. Most studies were observational, focused on multispecialty services, and were performed in either Canada or the US. Outcomes on access to hospital care and the avoidance of referrals indicated that e-consultation was associated with improved access to hospital care and an increase in avoided referrals to the hospital specialist, although outcomes greatly differed across studies. GRADE scores were low or very low across studies.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of the association of e-consultation with access to hospital care and the avoidance of hospital referrals, results indicated that the use of e-consultation has greatly increased over the years. Although e-consultation was associated with improved access to hospital care and avoidance of hospital referrals, it was hard to draw a conclusion about these outcomes due to heterogeneity and lack of high-quality evidence (eg, from randomized clinical trials). Nevertheless, these results suggest that e-consultation seems to be a promising digital health care implementation, but more rigorous studies are needed; nonrandomized trial designs should be used, and appropriate outcomes should be chosen in future research on this topic.
Sodalinema
Authors: Noonan Avery J. C. , Dofher Kalen , Kieft Brandon , Koch Moritz , Qiu Yilin , Hallam Steven J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSo.da.li.ne.ma. Gr. neut. n.nêma, filament; N.L. neut. n.Sodalinema, the name of the genus referring to alkaline‐saline habitats where this cyanobacterium was found (soda lake) and to the cyanobacterium morphology.Cyanobacteriota / Cyanobacteriia / Cyanobacteriales / Geitlerinemaceae / SodalinemaThePhormidiumgenus has been described as one of the most difficult phylogenetic lineages to resolve, with over 200 identified species representing distinct polyphyletic groups, including multiple strains intermingled with the genusSodalinema. In this article, we attempt to address this inconsistency by describing and differentiating the genusSodalinemafrom the other taxonomic lineage previously namedPhormidium, using the Genome Taxonomy Database as a framework for data‐driven classification. This genus contains 64 strains, including 5 strains with high‐quality isolate genomes, 9 strains with associated metagenome‐assembled genomes, and 50 additional strains represented by small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Many of these strains have been identified as having potential for biotechnological applications and grow in high‐density biofilms. Members of theSodalinemagenus are filamentous cyanobacterium with straight, cylindrical, and unbranched trichomes. They perform oxygenic photosynthesis, with some strains capable of nonheterocystous nitrogen fixation and phototaxis. Colonies typically exist in the form of biofilms or microbial mats, growing either attached or floating, and have been observed globally in a variety of habitats, ranging from freshwater, marine, and high‐salinity environments (1.6–234 g/l total salinity), pH from neutral to 11.2, and temperatures up to 50°C. Strains are commonly isolated from high‐salinity soda lakes or salt marshes with no identified biosynthesis of cyanobacterial toxins.DNA G + C content (mol%): 51.1–53.4.Type species:Sodalinema komarekiiCellamare et al. 2018.