bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilization of blood‐derived stem and progenitor cells in normal subjects by granulocyte‐macrophage‐ and granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factors
Authors: Lane Thomas A. , Ho Anthony D. , Bashey Asad , Peterson Sandra , Young Dennis , Law Ping 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: It was previously reported that the combination of granulocyte‐macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor (GM–CSF) and granulocyte‐CSF (G–CSF) for 4 days mobilized more primitive CD34+ subsets than did either G–CSF or GM–CSF alone.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The studies determine the optimal number of days of growth factor dosing for mobilization and collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells, by increasing the days of administration of GM–CSF and/or G–CSF or employing the sequential administration of GM–CSF followed by G–CSF. Sixty normal subjects were given injections of G–CSF or GM–CSF alone; GM–CSF and G–CSF concurrently for 4, 5, or 6 days; or a sequential regimen of GM–CSF for 3 or 4 days followed by G–CSF for 2 or 3 days. A 10‐L apheresis was performed 24 hours after the last dose.RESULTS: The three most efficacious mobilization regimens consisted of sequential GM–CSF for 3 days followed by G–CSF for either 2 or 3 days and G–CSF alone for 5 days. Each of these regimens resulted in the collection of significantly greater numbers of CD34+ cells by apheresis than any of the 4‐day dosing regimens with G–CSF and/or GM–CSF (sequential GM–CSF/G–CSF: 3 days/2 days = 3.58 ± 0.53 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg; GM–CSF/G–CSF: 3 days/3 days = 4.45 ± 1.08 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg; G–CSF: 5 days = 3.58 ± 0.97 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg; all p < 0.05 vs. G–CSF and/or GM–CSF for 4 days). Clonogenic assays generally paralleled the level of CD34+ cells. Regimens containing GM–CSF resulted in a higher percentage of the cells from primitive CD34+/CD38–/HLA‐DR+ subset than G–CSF alone.CONCLUSION: Compared with 4‐day dosing regimens with G–CSF and/or GM–CSF, mobilization of CD34+ cells in normal subjects using sequential GM–CSF for 3 days followed by G–CSF for 2 or 3 days or using G–CSF alone for 5 days increased the number CD34+ cells that can be collected by a single 10‐L apheresis 24 hours after the last dose of cytokine.
Viability and in vitro properties of AS‐1 red cells after gamma irradiation
Authors: Moroff Gary , Holme Stein , AuBuchon James P. , Heaton W. Andrew , Sweeney Joseph D. , Friedman Leonard I. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Irradiation has been shown to adversely affect both in vivo 24‐hour recovery (recovery [%]) and in vitro properties of stored red cells (RBCs). There is uncertainty as to how these changes are related to the day of irradiation and the length of storage after irradiation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Four protocols used day of irradiation and storage time after irradiation as the independent variables. At the conclusion of the storage period, viability was measured with radiolabeled RBCs as the recovery and the long‐term survival time for RBCs that were circulating beyond 24 hours. In addition, in vitro values including RBC ATP, hemolysis level, and supernatant potassium were measured. Each subject donated 2 units of whole blood (CPD) and received autologous irradiated and untreated control RBCs (AS‐1) on two separate occasions.RESULTS: Reduced recovery in irradiated units was noted when compared to that in control units, and the reduction was most apparent with long periods of storage after irradiation, irrespective of the day of irradiation. With irradiation on Day 1 of storage and a total storage period of 28 days, mean ± SD recovery (single label) was 84.2 ± 5.1 percent for control RBCs and 78.6 ± 5.9 percent for irradiated RBCs (n=16; p<0.01). With irradiation on Day 14 and storage through Day 42, the recoveries were 76.3 ± 7.0 percent for control RBCs and 69.5 ± 8.6 percent for irradiated RBCs (n = 16; p<0.01). Less reduction in recovery was observed with shortening of the posrtrradiation storage time. When the total storage period was reduced to 28 days after Day 14 irradiation, the recoveries were not significantly different. With an additional 2‐day storage period after irradiation on Day 26, the recoveries were also comparable. Long‐term survival times for control and irradiated RBCs were not significantly different in any of the four protocols. RBC ATP levels and hemolysis were minimally, but significantly influenced by irradiation. Supernatant potassium levels, however, were substantially increased after irradiation in each of the four protocols.CONCLUSION: Irradiation has only a small effect on the properties of RBCs treated and stored according to the utilized protocols. Longer storage times after irradiation resulted in progressively reduced recovery while long‐term survival remained unaffected.
Generation of annexin V‐positive platelets and shedding of microparticles with stimulus‐dependent procoagulant activity during storage of platelets at 4°C
Authors: Xiao H.Y. , Matsubayashi H. , Bonderman D.P. , Bonderman P.W. , Reid T. , Miraglia C.C. , Gao D.Y. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The ability of propyl gallate to activate platelet factor 3 has been determined through the activated partial thromboplastin time, but its effect on phosphatidylserine has not been established.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A novel platelet activator, propyl gallate, was introduced to a study of platelets stored at 4°C. The effects of storage on platelet coagulation activity, on phosphatidylserine, and on the shedding of activated and activable membrane particles (microparticles) were examined by activated plasma clotting time, and the effect on annexin V binding was examined by gated flow cytometry. The ratios of annexin V binding and microparticle shedding in stored platelet samples were compared with those in fresh platelets stimulated with propyl gallate.RESULTS: Microparticle shedding by stored platelets compensated for the diminished procoagulant potential of intact platelets (shown as the total propyl gallate‐dependent platelet factor 3 activity), which did not change during prolonged (20‐day) storage, but levels of phosphatidylserine confined to microparticles increased dramatically as platelet counts fell. Both annexin V binding and microparticle shedding increased spontaneously with storage and artificially with propyl gallate stimulation. However, at the same level of annexin V binding, stored platelets shed more microparticles than did fresh platelets stimulated with propyl gallate.CONCLUSION: Propyl gallate induces platelet procoagulant activity and annexin V binding. Stored platelets differ from fresh platelets in a lower reactivity to propyl gallate activation and a higher rate of microparticle shedding.
In vitro collection and posttransfusion engraftment characteristics of MNCs obtained by using a new separator for autologous PBPC transplantation
Authors: Snyder E.L. , Baril L. , Cooper D.L. , Min K. , Mechanic S. , Stoddart L. , Burtness B. , Seagraves P. , Debelak J. , Gudino M. , McCullough J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A clinical study was performed to evaluate the peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection, transfusion, and engraftment characteristics associated with use of a blood cell separator (Amicus, Baxter Healthcare).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Oncology patients (n = 31) scheduled for an autologous PBPC transplant following myeloablative therapy were studied. PBPCs were mobilized by a variety of chemotherapeutic regimens and the use of G–CSF. As no prior studies evaluated whether PBPCs collected on the Amicus separator would be viable after transfusion, to ensure patient safety, PBPCs were first collected on another cell separator (CS‐3000 Plus, Baxter) and stored as backup. The day after the CS‐3000 Plus collections were completed, PBPC collections intended for transfusion were performed using the Amicus instrument. For each transplant, >2.5 × 106 CD34+ PBPCs per kg of body weight were transfused.RESULTS: Clinical data collected on the donors immediately before and after PBPC collection with the Amicus device were comparable to donor data similarly obtained for the CS‐3000 Plus collections. While the number of CD34+ cells and the RBC volume in the collected products were equivalent for the two devices, the platelet content of the Amicus collections was significantly lower than that of the CS‐3000 Plus collections (4.35 × 1010 platelets/bag vs. 6.61 × 1010 platelets/bag, p<0.05). Collection efficiencies for CD34+ cells were 64 ± 23 percent for the Amicus device and 43 ± 14 percent for the CS‐3000 Plus device (p<0.05). The mean time to engraftment for cells collected via the Amicus device was 8.7 ± 0.7 days for >500 PMNs per μL and 9.7 ± 1.5 days to attain a platelet count of >20,000 per μL—equivalent to data in the literature. No CS‐3000 Plus backup cells were transfused and no serious adverse events attributable to the Amicus device were encountered.CONCLUSIONS: The mean Amicus CD34+ cell collection efficiency was better (p<0.05) than that of the CS‐3000 Plus collection. Short‐term engraftment was durable. The PBPCs collected with the Amicus separator are safe and effective for use for autologous transplant patients requiring PBPC rescue from high‐dose myeloablative chemotherapy.
The effects of phosphate, pH, and AS volume on RBCs stored in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol solutions
Authors: Hess J.R. , Lippert L.E. , Derse‐Anthony C.P. , Hill H.R. , Oliver C.K. , Rugg N. , Knapp A.D. , Gormas J.F. , Greenwalt T.J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: RBC ATP concentrations are the most important correlate of RBC viability. Tests were performed to determine whether increased AS volume, pH, and phosphate content increased stored RBC ATP concentrations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In three studies, packed RBCs were pooled in groups of 3 or 4 units and realiquoted as combined units to reduce intradonor differences. Pooled units were stored in the licensed ASs, AS‐1 or AS‐5, which contain saline, adenine, glucose, and mannitol (SAGM), or in experimental ASs (EASs) containing SAGM and disodium phosphate. Ten pools were stored in AS‐1 at RBC concentrations equivalent to 100, 200, or 300 mL of AS. Six pools were stored in 100, 200, 300, or 400 mL volumes of EAS‐61. Ten pools were stored in 100 mL of AS‐5, 200 mL of EAS‐61, or 300 mL of EAS‐64. RBC ATP concentration and other measures of RBC metabolism and function were measured weekly.RESULTS: RBC ATP concentrations decreased sooner with storage in increasing volumes of AS‐1. In EAS‐61 and EAS‐64, RBC ATP concentrations initially increased and stayed elevated longer with increasing AS volume.CONCLUSIONS: The addition of disodium phosphate to SAGM AS increases the RBC ATP concentrations. Reducing storage Hct appears to have a separate beneficial effect in reducing hemolysis.
Cord blood as a source of autologous RBCs for transfusion to preterm infants
Authors: Eichler Hermann , Schaible Thomas , Richter Ekkehard , Zieger Wolfgang , Voller Katrin , Leveringhaus Andreas , Goldmann Shraga F. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: This prospective study was conducted to gain experience as to whether it is technically possible to produce autologous RBCs in additive solution from cord blood (CB), to optimize the blood supply for preterm infants.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: CB was collected from 47 infants with a mean (± SD) birth weight of 1717 (± 699) g. Whenever possible, RBC components were prepared by standard centrifugation using a six‐bag system. All samples were put in sterility testing quarantine for 5 days, and a maximum storage of 14 days from collection to transfusion was specified. The babies were given either the autologous RBCs or standard allogeneic RBC concentrates, if autologous blood was not available.RESULTS: In 81 percent of the samples, autologous RBC components could be processed (vol, 7‐87 mL; Hct, 31‐82%). But within the group of extremely low birth weight infants (body weight <1000 g), a mean CB net volume of only 37 mL was collected, and the RBC preparation was successful only in exceptional cases. Three CB samples (8.6%) tested positive in sterility testing. Of the 47 infants, 21 were treated with a total of 62 allogeneic and 4 autologous RBC transfusions. Most infants with a body weight over 1400 g did not need any RBC transfusion.CONCLUSION: The preparation of autologous RBCs from the CB of preterm infants is technically possible in principle. However, major concerns must be raised as to whether such preparations are of benefit in ensuring safe care of neonates with blood components, with respect to the high rate of bacterial contamination and the limited availability in babies with low birth weight.
Leukapheresis components may be cryopreserved at high cell concentrations without additional loss of HPC function
Authors: Cabezudo Elena , Dalmases Clara , Ruz Maria , Sanchez Jose Antonio , Torrico Carlos , Sola Claudio , Querol Sergi , García Joan 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of freezing mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) components at higher cell concentrations than are classically recommended for bone marrow. This approach might have potential benefits, such as lower cost of processing and storage and less risk of the complications associated with the transfusion of large component volumes and large quantities of DMSO.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In the first phase, small aliquots of 19 apheresis components were cryopreserved at standard and higher cell concentrations (Aliquots A and B, respectively). In the second phase, 21 apheresis components were split into two bags each and frozen at standard (Bag A) and high (Bag B) cell concentrations. The differences in viability, cloning efficiency, and nucleated cell recovery in Bags A and B were examined. Finally, the hematologic recovery of 10 patients who underwent autologous transplantation with PBPC components frozen at high cell concentrations was analyzed.RESULTS: The median cell concentration at freezing was 94 (57‐100) × 106 per mL and 291 (220‐467) × 106 per mL for Aliquots A and B, respectively, and 90.9 (45.4‐92) × 106 per mL and 332 (171‐582) × 106 per mL for Bags A and B, respectively. The viability was significantly lower in samples frozen at higher cell concentrations: 92 versus 83 percent (p = 0.001) and 87 versus 77 percent (p<0.001) for Aliquots and Bags A and B, respectively. Significant differences were not observed in the recovery of total nucleated cells (102 vs. 101% and 98 vs. 105%) or the cloning efficiency after thawing (13 vs. 16% and 27 vs. 23%) for Aliquots and Bags A and B, respectively. The time to granulocyte engraftment >0.5 × 109 per L and platelet engraftment >20 × 109 per L was 9 (8‐11) and 10.5 (7‐21) days, respectively.CONCLUSION: The cryopreservation of PBPC components at standard concentrations and 3.3 (1.8‐6.2)‐fold cell concentrations has no adverse effect on the function of HPCs after thawing.
Fy phenotype and gender determine plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein
Authors: Jilma‐Stohlawetz Petra , Homoncik Monika , Drucker Christa , Marsik Claudia , Rot Antal , Mayr Wolfgang R. , Seibold Brigitte , Jilma Bernd 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: In vitro studies indicate that the Fy blood group system antigens serve as receptors for chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and RANTES. However, it is unclear whether subjects with the Fy(a−b−) phenotype exhibit altered clearance and hence altered plasma levels of chemo‐kines, because they still express Fy on endothelial cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To clarify a possible in vivo role of Fy on RBCs in the regulation of chemo‐kine levels, healthy young volunteers of common Fy phenotypes were compared in a cross‐sectional study.RESULTS: More than 90 percent of the 34 subjects of African origin were Fy(a−b−), one black volunteer was Fy(a+b−), and two were Fy(a−b+). As expected, all 65 white volunteers were positive for either Fya and/or Fyb. Unexpectedly, persons expressing either Fya and/or Fyb had significantly higher plasma levels of MCP‐1 than Fy(a−b−) volunteers (women: 154 vs. 110 ng/L, p<0.01; men: 179 vs. 169 ng/L, p = 0.03). Surprisingly, plasma levels of MCP‐1 were found to be sex‐dependent: median MCP‐1 levels averaged 180 ng per L in men but only 139 ng per L in women (p<0.001). Further, MCP‐1 levels decreased significantly throughout the menstrual cycle of 18 women studied longitudinally.CONCLUSION: MCP‐1 levels are about 30 percent higher in men than in premenopausal women, and MCP‐1 levels are also higher in persons with RBCs expressing Fy antigens than in Fy(a−b−) persons. These findings have direct implications for the concept and interpretation of clinical studies measuring MCP‐1 levels; the role of the observed differences in MCP‐1 levels for the pathogenesis of MCP‐1‐dependent diseases, such as atherosclerosis, merits further investigation.
Detection of fetal HPCs in maternal circulation after delivery
Authors: Osada Hisao , Doi Shigeharu , Fukushima Takashi , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Seki Katsuyoshi , Sekiya Souei 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Circulation of mature fetal blood cells in the maternal blood for a certain postpartum period has been verified, but detailed study of the fetal HPCs has not been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and clearance of these cells in the peripheral blood of puerperal women.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PBMNCs from 15 puerperal women who gave birth to male infants were cultured in semi‐solid medium containing hematopoietic stimulating factors. Colonies formed in the medium were individually characterized, collected, and subjected to PCR amplification of the SRY gene on Y chromosome to confirm fetal origin.RESULTS: The mean numbers of fetal progenitor cell colonies isolated per mL of maternal blood were 1.63, 2.48, 0.56, 0.12, and 0 on the day of delivery, at 4 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after delivery, respectively. There was no difference in the ratio of fetal versus maternal colonies between erythroid and granulocyte/macrophage lineages.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that a significant number of fetal HPCs circulate in the maternal blood for a duration of at least 6 months after delivery.
Validating billing data for RBC transfusions: a brief report
Authors: Segal Jodi B. , Ness Paul M. , Powe Neil R. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Administrative data are used often for research, but without validation of their accuracy. The validity of the billing for blood transfusion was assessed in one tertiary‐care hospital.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient discharge data were retrieved from a database containing demographics, diagnoses, and charges. There was random selection of 358 patients who were billed for RBC transfusion and 358 who were not, within a 2‐month period. The blood bank's transfusion records were reviewed. Sensitivity was defined as the proportion of transfused patients who were billed, and specificity as the proportion of nontransfused patients who were not billed. Patient characteristics were compared by using Wilcoxon's rank sum test and the chi‐square test.RESULTS: Sixty‐one transfused patients were not billed for the transfusion. No patient was billed without transfusion. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity were 83 percent (95% CI, 79‐87%) and 100 percent, respectively. Nine patients who were not issued RBCs were appropriately not billed for RBCs, although the billing record suggests they had a procedure involving transfusion. These patients were called true‐negative. The patients not billed were older (58 years vs. 55 years; p = 0.046) and less likely to have commercial insurance (5% vs. 15%; p = 0.035) than billed patients.CONCLUSIONS: The billing for RBC transfusion in one large institution is reassuringly valid. The specificity is excellent, and the sensitivity is higher than that seen in other studies of coding validity.
Prolonged iron depletion afterallogeneic 2‐unit RBC apheresis
Authors: Högler Wolfgang , Mayer Wolfgang , Messmer Christian , Eibl Günther , Innerhofer Petra , Schönitzer Diether , Nussbaumer Walter 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic 2‐unit RBC apheresis is a safe procedure offering many advantages for donors and blood banks. A controlled study was performed to determine whether the recommended minimum interval of 4 months between 2‐unit RBC apheresis donations is appropriate in terms of the recovery of RBCs and the regeneration of iron stores.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty male subjects each donated 2 units of RBCs by apheresis. The RBC count, reticulocyte count, EPO, and measures of iron status were analyzed before and during the 4 months after donation.RESULTS: A significant decrease in Hb (15.89 ± 0.82 [mean ± SD] vs. 14.08 ± 0.97 mg/dL, baseline vs. Day 7; p<0.001) was equalized within 2 months. In contrast, ferritin values declined significantly from 54.2 ± 33.7 to 23.42 ± 21.94 μg per L (predonation vs. Day 30) and remained significantly below predonation values, but within the normal range, until the end of the study period.CONCLUSION: A donation interval of 4 months is appropriate in terms of RBC recovery, but may not be appropriate in terms of iron store regeneration. The tendency to shorten the donation interval should be reconsidered in light of the measurements of iron storage. The use of ferritin levels is recommended as a preselection criterion for allogeneic 2‐unit RBC apheresis.
Health and economic consequences of HCV lookback
Authors: Pereira Arturo 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Several countries have conducted or are considering campaigns of lookback on blood recipients who may have acquired posttransfusion HCV (PT‐HCV) before the implementation of anti‐HCV screening. There is, however, no estimation of the health and economic consequences of the medical interventions triggered by the lookback.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study used a Monte Carlo simulation of a Markov model representing the natural history of PT‐HCV. Unadjusted and quality‐adjusted life expectancy and lifetime medical costs were calculated for a cohort of patients in whom PT‐HCV is diagnosed through the lookback, and these values were compared with those calculated for a similar cohort on whom lookback is not performed.RESULTS: The model predicts that 47 percent of people who received transfusions of HCV‐infective blood 10 years ago are still alive, carry the infection, and have not yet progressed to end‐stage liver failure. In this population, forthcoming complications of PT‐HCV will reduce the remaining life expectancy by 1.75 years per patient. Medical interventions triggered by the diagnosis of PT‐HCV would salvage 0.123 years of life expectancy, at a net cost of $921 per newly diagnosed patient. The health and economic impact of diagnosing a new case of PT‐HCV through lookback was sensitive to the patient's age, the efficacy of antiviral therapies, the time elapsed from transfusion to lookback, and the future inflation of costs of treating end‐stage liver disease. Under some plausible assumptions, the intervention could result in net financial savings for the health care system, but it may also produce a net health loss for the majority of patients who will be said to be HCV‐positive without being offered an effective therapy.CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of PT‐HCV through HCV lookback has a potential both to increase patients' life expectancy and to reduce health care costs. However, more effective antiviral therapies and a better knowledge of factors predicting the progression of PT‐HCV are needed to attain those goals. Meanwhile, care should be taken to avoid pursuing a health gain for a minority that might result in a health loss for the majority.