bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do higher degree research students and supervisors navigate ethics‐in‐practice for educational research in sensitive or ‘fragile’ contexts?
Authors: Burke Rachel , Baker Sally , Molla Tebeje , Cabiles Bonita , Fox Alison 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe past decade has seen increased attention paid to the ethical complexities of educational research undertaken in sensitive or ‘fragile’ settings, where trauma, marginalisation and socio‐political precarity are prevalent. Yet, despite increased awareness of micro‐ethical issues encountered in the field, there is limited research that engages with these issues from the perspective of higher degree research (HDR) students, and few studies that focus on supervisory practices to promote micro‐ethical reflexivity. Here, we draw on interviews with HDR students and supervisors researching in the fragile context of forced migration and related settings of conflict and crisis, exploring issues of gendered violence, sexuality, cultural and linguistic marginalisation, and mental and physical well‐being, to explore their experiences with micro‐ethical complexities in fieldwork. We consider student and supervisor sense of preparedness to engage reflexively with micro‐ethical challenges and identify key supports for navigating ethics‐related dilemmas. Importantly, in exploring gaps in extant supports, we consider issues of individual, collective and institutional responsibility regarding HDR student and supervisor engagement with micro‐ethics, posing key questions about duty of care for novice researchers working in fragile or sensitive contexts.
A biothiols and H2O2 responsive fluorescence probe for selective cancer imaging
Authors: Yin Nan , Qin Guixin , Wang Yuting , Tang Jiali , Yao Xin , Xu Qingling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIdentification of cancer from normal tissues is important for early diagnosis of cancer. Combined detection of multiple tumor markers is important for accurate diagnosis. It is urgent to develop fluorescent probes that are responsive to multiple cancer characterizations for selective cancer imaging. Herein, we designed a novel near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (IRAPA) using a hemi‐cyanine skeleton as fluorophore and 3‐acrylamidopropanoic ester as recognizing unit that is responsive to both oxidative and reductive molecules. IRAPA has faint fluorescence emission as the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process is blocked. H2O2, glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) can individually induce the hydrolysis of ester bond and give fluorescent NIR IROH. IRAPA shows low cytotoxicity and produces strong fluorescence specifically in cancer cells/tissues. While the normal cells/tissues showed very weak fluorescence. Moreover, IRAPA shows higher differences between cancer and normal cells compared to probes that only response to biothiols or ROS.
Clear the air via dividends: Corporates' response to air pollution
Authors: Li Weiping , Zhang Xuezhi , Cheng Shuyi , Ren Xiaohang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBased on China A‐share listed firms, we investigate how firms respond to air pollution using the dividend payout policy. We highlight the signaling role of dividends, documenting that firms pay higher dividends to appease and attract investors when facing more severe pollution. This effect is more pronounced when investor attention is high and less salient if shareholder governance is strong, reinforcing the signaling hypothesis and substitute model of dividend theory. Our results reject the hypothesis that air pollution decreases dividend payouts by enlarging a firm's financial constraints and cash flow uncertainty.
A multi‐level analysis of individual green entrepreneurial orientation: Evidence from Taiwan's environmental protection sectors
Authors: Huang Yi‐Chun , Shih Li‐Ting , Cheng Zhao‐Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGreen entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) plays a pivotal role in reconciling economic growth with environmental sustainability. This research focuses on the individual green entrepreneurial orientation (IGEO) of mid‐level managers. In particular, it aims to explore how individual, environmental, and organizational factors foster IGEO. The data were collected from a total of 102 small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as 510 mid‐level managers operating within Taiwan's environmental protection sector. Subsequently, the gathered data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) techniques. The study found that green opportunity identification and entrepreneurial motivation notably influence various aspects of IGEO. In addition, elements like a green institutional environment, corporate green resources, and corporate environmental policies significantly boost IGEO. However, no significant links were found between a green institutional environment and green innovativeness or between corporate environmental policies and green proactiveness. This study provides a valuable contribution to GEO research, specifically focusing on SMEs and environmentally sustainable initiatives within developing economies.
Regulating the relationship between Zn2+ and water molecules in electrolytes for aqueous zinc‐based batteries
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yan Zhongfu , Li Kun , Hu Anjun , Yang Borui , Li Ting , He Miao , Li Yuanjian , Wei Seh Zhi , Long Jianping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐based batteries (AZBs) with the advantages of high safety, low cost, and satisfactory energy density are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for future energy storage systems. Rampant dendrite growth and severe side reactions that occur at the Zn anode hinder its further development. Recently, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that side reactions are closely related to the active water molecules belonging to the Zn2+ solvated structure in the electrolyte, and reducing the occurrence of side reactions by regulating the relationship between the above two has proven to be a reliable pathway. Nevertheless, a systematic summary of the intrinsic mechanisms and practical applications of the route is lacking. This review presents a detailed description of the close connection between H2O and side reactions at Zn anodes and gives a comprehensive review of experimental strategies to inhibit side reactions by modulating the relationship between Zn2+ and H2O, including anode interface engineering and electrolyte engineering. In addition, further implementation of the above strategies and the modification means for future Zn anodes are discussed.
Prognosis and risk factors for ASXL1 mutations in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Yang Liqing , Wei Xiaoyu , Gong Yuping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the prognosis and risk factors for additional sex combs like 1 (ASXL1) mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Population and MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 219 adult patients with newly diagnosed AML and MDS, who were treated in West China Hospital from October 2018 to January 2022. The primary clinical outcome was evaluated by overall survival (OS) followed up to January 2023. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify potential prognostic parameters in patients with ASXL1 mutations (mt).ResultsA total of 34 (15.53%) ASXL1mt were detected, which occurred more frequently in the elderly and MDS cohorts (p < 0.001). Significantly lower blasts% (p < 0.001) and higher frequencies of mutant RUNX1, SRSF2, STAG2, EZH2, and SETBP1 (p < 0.02) were observed in the ASXL1mt cohort. Patients with ASXL1mt manifested with a worse complete remission rate (p = 0.011), and an inferior OS was shown in subgroups with MDS, co‐mutations of RUNX1, SRSF2, or NRAS, as well as mutations in G646W (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis considering age, diagnosis, co‐mutations, and mutation site confirmed an independently adverse prognosis of mutations in G646W (HR = 4.302, 95% CI: 1.150–16.097) or RUNX1 co‐mutations (HR = 4.620, 95% CI: 1.385–15.414) in the ASXL1mt cohort.ConclusionOur study indicated that mutations in G646W or RUNX1 co‐mutations are closely associated with a dismal clinical outcome in patients with AML and MDS harboring ASXL1mt. Considering the poor prognosis and risk factors in patients with ASXL1mt, more available treatments should be pursued.
Phosphorylation Modification, Structural Characterization, Antioxidant and DNA Protection Capacities of Polysaccharides from Asarum Sieboldii Miq
Authors: Yang Shun‐He , Wang Xiao‐Li , Zhang Hao‐Nan , Zhu Li‐Fei , Qu Shu‐Hao , Zhang Ming‐Yue , Zhang Hong , Liu Peng‐Fei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolysaccharide from Asarum sieboldii Miq (ASP) was extracted and five phosphorylation polysaccharides with different degree of substitution were obtained, namely ASPP1, ASPP2, ASPP3, ASPP4, and ASPP5 (ASPPs). The physical and chemical structure and biological activities were studied. The results suggested that the carbohydrate and protein content were reduced while uronic acid was increased after phosphorylation modification. The molecular weight of ASPPs was significantly lower than that of ASP. ASPPs were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, fructose, and arabinose. The UV‐vis spectrum indicated that the polysaccharides did not contain nucleic acid or protein after modification. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum demonstrated that ASPPs contained characteristic absorption peaks of P=O and P−O‐C near 1270 and 980 cm−1. ASPPs presented a triple helix conformation, but it was not presented in ASP. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the surface topography and particle structure of ASP were different after modification. Compared with ASP, ASPPs enhanced the activity to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals and possessed more protective ability to DNA oxidation caused by OH⋅, GS⋅, and AAPH free radicals. These results suggest that chemical modification is beneficial for the exploitation and utilization of natural polysaccharides.
Patent Literature on Epoxidation of Propylene Over Silver Catalysts Using Molecular Oxygen – A Critical Industrial Review
Authors: Chojecki Adam , Ho Christopher R. , Sussman Victor J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe summarize the patent literature related to the direct oxidation of propylene‐to‐propylene oxide (DOPO) over silver catalysts. Inventions claiming new compositions, preparation methods, and/or alternative process options are illustrated with data sampled from patent documents. Early claims focused on powders of silver (silver oxide) alloyed with and/or surface‐modified with one‐two promoterswhere silver was in large excess (>80 wt%). In the following decades, inventors refined their approach and pursued alternative bulk synthetic methods supplemented with impregnation to produce formulationscontaining lower amounts of silver in combination with various other transition metals, halides, alkalis and/or alkaline earth elements. Simultaneously, process development has facilitated increased PO selectivity via the co‐feeding of water and/or carbon dioxide at volume percent levels combined with smaller ppmV concentrations of organic chlorides and nitrogenoxides. At the end we briefly discuss how non‐catalytic oxidative routes to propylene oxide provide additional insights for new catalyst development. While these approaches hardly exceed 60 % PO selectivity, they may shed light on design criteria for catalysts capable of achieving that goal. Success in the field will require strong fundamental understanding of the activation of dioxygen on catalytic surfaces to define design requirements for silver catalystswith high selectivity to PO via direct oxidation.
Oligo‐Condensation Reactions of Silanediols with Conservation of Solid‐State‐Structural Features.
Authors: Kannengießer Jan‐Falk , Morgenstern Bernd , Janka Oliver , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOligo‐ and polysiloxanes are usually prepared by condensation reactions in solvents without control of stereochemistry. Here we present a solventless thermal condensation of stable organosilanols. We investigated the condensation reactions of organosilanediols with different organic substituents, having in common at least one aromatic group. The condensation kinetics of the precursors observed by NMR spectroscopy revealed a strong dependence on temperature, time, and substitution pattern at the silicon atom. SEC measurements showed that chain length increases with increasing condensation temperature and time and lower steric demand of the substituents, which also influences the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the resulting oligo‐ or polymers. X‐ray diffraction studies of the crystalline silanediols and their condensation products revealed a structural correlation between the substituent location in the crystalline precursors and the formed macromolecules induced by the hydrogen bonding pattern. In certain cases, it is possible to carry out topotactic polymerization in the solid‐state, which has its origin in the crystal structure.
The Phosphidosilicates AE2Li4SiP4 (AE=Ca, Sr, Eu) Ba4Li16Si3P12
Authors: Weidemann Martin L. , Calaminus Robert , Menzel Nina , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe quaternary phosphidosilicates AE2Li4SiP4 (AE=Ca, Sr, Eu) and Ba4Li16Si3P12 were synthesized by heating the elements and Li3P under argon atmosphere. Their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. AE2Li4SiP4 crystallize in a new layered structure type (P21/m, Z=2) with CdI2‐analoguos layers. Edge sharing CaP6 octahedra are separated by layers of vertex‐sharing SiP4 and LiP4 tetrahedra, which contain additional chains of LiP6 octahedra. Ba4Li16Si3P12 forms likewise a new structure type (P21/c, Z=16) with a three‐dimensional network of SiP4, Si2P6 and LiP4 entities as well as one phosphorus site not bonded to silicon. Barium is located in capped trigonal prisms of phosphorus which form strongly corrugated layers. 31P and 29Si solid‐state NMR spectra confirm the crystal structures of the compounds AE2Li4SiP4. 7Li spectra show only one signal in spite of quite different crystallographic positions, which indicate possible Li+ mobility. However, this signal is much broader compared to the known Li+ conducting phosphidosilicates. Accordingly, electrochemical impedance measurements show low Li+ conductivities.
Recent Advances in Deuteration Reactions†
Authors: Li Hao , Shabbir Muhammad , Li Wu , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe deuteration of organic compounds has attracted more attentions in recent years for the potential applications in new drug discovery and synthetic chemistry. For this purpose, many efficient deuterium labeling methodologies have been developed, including hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE), reductive deuteration, and dehalogenative deuteration that allow for the synthesis of selectively deuterated compounds. In the last few years, great breakthroughs in selective isotope labeling have been achieved and the interest in new methodologies for the deuteration of organic molecules is rising. In this review, we summarized the recent developments in the selective deuteration of organic molecules since 2021. Several types of key processes in deuterium incorporation reactions, including H/D exchange, reductive deuteration and dehalogenative deuteration, are introduced and discussed.
Key ScientistsIn the 2000s, Derdau and Atzrodt's group have made great contributions to the directing group assisted noble‐metal catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange of arenes and applications of labeled compounds. During the same period, Sajiki and co‐workers completed a series of deuteration reactions by heterogeneous platinum‐group metal catalysts. Since 2015, Gregory Pieters and co‐workers have developed ruthenium catalysts for selective hydrogen isotope exchange. In 2016, Chirik's group achieved hydrogen isotope exchange in the presence of a homogeneous iron complex. David MacMillan and coworkers have made breakthroughs in photocatalyzed HIE reactions for α‐amino C(sp3)–H bonds. From 2020, a series of nanoelectrodes were designed for selective dehalogenative deuterations and reductive deuteration of unactivated unsaturated bonds by Zhang's group. Recently, Beller's group developed several efficient strategies for isotopic labeling using heterogeneous earth‐abundant catalysts. Our review summarized the latest and important developments since 2021.
Ni‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Difunctionalization of Alkynes to Azepine Derivatives Bearing a Quaternary Center and an Unprotected Imine†
Authors: Long Jian , Lu Zhiwu , Li Xiao‐Lin , Xue Peng , Liu Wen‐Bo 
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe azepine ring is a prominent structural scaffold in biologically significant molecules. In this study, we present a Ni(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric difunctionalization of alkynes, involving intermolecular regioselective arylation and intramolecular nitrile addition, enabling the synthesis of enantioenriched azepine derivatives. This reaction simultaneously installs an all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter and introduces an unprotected imine functionality, showing great promise for subsequent transformations. The reaction exhibits good tolerance toward various functional groups, resulting in high yields and enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this methodology is further demonstrated through gram‐scale synthesis and product derivatization. This research offers an efficient approach to the synthesis of seven‐membered nitrogen heterocycles.
Electrochemical Dearomative Spirocyclization of N‐Acyl Sulfonamides in a Continuous‐Flow Cell†
Authors: Liu Ting , Shi Zhaojiang , Yuan Yaofeng , Lin Yuqi , Ye Ke‐Yin 
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe development of efficient and sustainable methods to obtain spirocyclic compounds is of significance as these structures are widely found in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Herein, we disclose an electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization of N‐acyl sulfonamides in a continuous‐flow cell. The reaction is simple and efficient without external catalysts or supporting electrolytes and could be applied in a decagram‐scale synthesis.
Fish Skin‐Inspired Janus Hydrogel Coating for Drag Reduction†
Authors: Zhang Yurong , Li Lijun , Wang Ruteng , Liu Junwei , Lin Zhen , Li Gang , Liu Hongtao , Lei Yifeng , Xiong Yunhe , Zhao Yan , Xue Longjian 
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive SummaryIn nature, fishes have evolved functional skins with effective hydrodynamic performance and anti‐fouling, facilitating predation and escaping from predators. Although a large number of fish scale‐inspired structured surfaces have been explored, the incorporation of mucus on the structured surfaces has been largely ignored. Inspired by the skin of Osteichthyes fishes, a Janus hydrogel coating (JHC) is successfully prepared by a two‐step UV light irradiation at room temperature. The bottom side of JHC (STH) achieves a shear adhesive strength of 103.3 ± 17.5 kPa and can strongly adhere to a large variety of surfaces, including metals, ceramic and polymers. The top surface of JHC (SLH) replicates the structure of cycloid scales, while the nature of hydrogel mimics the mucus on fish skin. SLH possesses prominent mechanical, anti‐swelling, anti‐fouling and drag reduction properties. The design strategy for JHC has potential applications in numerous fields, like, pipeline transportation, bioengineering, and shipping industry.
Surface Modification Engineering Enabling LiMnxFe1−xPO4 Cathode Against Aggressive Cathode Chemistries for Excellent Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Congli , Yu Xiang , Liao Cenjing , Cui Zhe , Zhu Jinqi , Gao Mengluan , Wang Wenqing , Weng Fuming , Zou Rujia , Liu Qian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs an indispensable cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries, LiMnxFe1−xPO4 (LMFP) has garnered significant attention among scholars due to its considerable energy density and remarkable safety characteristics. However, the further advancement of LMFP is hindered by its poor conductivity and limitations in terms of cycle stability. Herein, LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4@C@Al2O3 (LMFP64/CA) composite materials with core‐shell structure were prepared through simple solvothermal and liquid phase coating methods. The carbon layer can further bolster the structural robustness of the active material, increase conductivity, and facilitate ion and electron transfer; while the Al2O3 layer can function as a protective interface, effectively mitigating the detrimental electrochemical side effects arising from hydrofluoric acid (HF) generated during electrolyte decomposition within a wide voltage range. Consequently, the LMFP64/CA electrode exhibits impressive electrochemical performance including notable reversible capacity (125.1 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C), exceptional rate performance (111.2 mAh g−1 at 1 C), and remarkable cycle stability at 5 C (0.021 % decay rate over 500 cycles).
Generation of Bispecific Antibodies by Functionalized Poly‐ADP‐Ribose Polymers
Authors: Kim Hyo Sun , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBispecific antibodies have drawn considerate research interests for therapeutic development. Numerous genetic and chemical methods are established to produce bispecific antibodies with varied formats. This protocol describes a novel approach to the synthesis of bispecific antibodies by utilizing chemically functionalized poly‐ADP‐ribose polymers derived from post‐translational poly‐ADP‐ribosylation. Basic Protocol 1 includes experimental procedures for expressing and purifying recombinant full‐length human poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) as well as monoclonal antibodies targeting T‐cell CD3 and breast cancer tumor‐associated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) molecules. Basic Protocol 2 details methods for enzymatic preparation of functionalized poly‐ADP‐ribose polymers by PARP1 and chemical conjugation of antibody molecules for bispecific antibody production. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Expression and purification of PARP1 and antibodiesBasic Protocol 2: PARP1 auto‐modification and antibody conjugation
External hair contamination from cannabis and “light cannabis” delivered by smoking and vaping: An in vitro study
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Fais Paolo , Pascali Jennifer Paola , Mohamed Susan , Rossi Francesca , Garagnani Marco , Pelletti Guido 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExternal contamination of hair by cannabis smoking requires a careful evaluation in forensic toxicology. Medical and recreational cannabis are increasingly consumed by e‐cigarettes, which give rise to side‐stream vapor. Moreover, products containing low Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) and rich in cannabidiol (CBD) started spreading legally. The goal of the present study was to assess whether hair analysis could allow to distinguish the type of delivered product, with low or high Δ9‐THC, and the delivering mode, by smoking or vaping. Contamination of blank hair was mimicked by in vitro exposure to low‐ (0.4%) and high‐Δ9‐THC (9.7%) products delivered by smoking and vaping within a small confined system. Cannabis vaping extracts were prepared to deliver identical target Δ9‐THC doses. Eighty samples were analyzed by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and quantified for Δ9‐THC and CBD. After contamination by cannabis smoking, THC levels were in line with past in vitro and in vivo studies. Samples exposed to cannabis (169.30 ng/mg) showed significantly higher Δ9‐THC than hair exposed to “light cannabis” (35.54 ng/mg), and the opposite was seen for the CBD/Δ9‐THC ratio. Hair contaminated by vaping or smoking did not show a statistically different Δ9‐THC content.Under our in vitro conditions, hair analysis might allow to discriminate whether external contamination is determined by products containing low or high Δ9‐THC, but not the delivering mode. More research is needed in real‐life conditions, to see whether the same also applies to the interpretation of forensic casework.