bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Delayed Broad-Spectrum Gram-negative Antibiotics and Clinical Outcomes: How Much Does Getting It Right With Empiric Antibiotics Matter?
Authors: Baghdadi Jonathan D , Goodman Katherine E , Magder Laurence S , Claeys Kimberly C , Sutherland Mark E , Harris Anthony D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Clinicians often start unnecessarily broad-spectrum empiric gram-negative antibiotics out of the concern that delaying effective therapy could lead to a worse clinical outcome. This study examined the consequences of delayed initiation of broad-spectrum gram-negative antibiotics.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort of adult inpatients from 928 US hospitals, we compared clinical outcomes after (1) empiric narrow-spectrum antibiotics escalated to broad-spectrum antibiotics (delayed broad-spectrum therapy [DBT]) and (2) empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics continued as post-empiric therapy (early broad-spectrum therapy [EBT]) using Win Ratios. DBT and EBT patients were matched on hospital, admitting diagnosis, and propensity scores incorporating 28 clinical variables. The outcome of interest was a ranked composite of mortality, readmission, and adverse drug events.

Results
Out of 746 880 inpatients, 82 276 (11%) received DBT and 664 604 (89.0%) received EBT. Among the 67 046 with DBT who were matched to 67 046 with EBT, mortality was 8.7% after DBT and 9.5% after EBT (P = .022), readmission was 10.5% after DBT and 11.8% after EBT (P &lt; .0001), and the rate of adverse drug events was 8.4% after DBT and 7.2% after EBT (P &lt; .0001). Among matched patients, clinical outcomes were superior after DBT compared with EBT (win-ratio 1.06; P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
On average, among a large sample of adult inpatients who ultimately received broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, delaying initiation of a broad-spectrum antibiotic was not associated with worse outcomes. Although broad-spectrum empiric therapy is undoubtedly sometimes warranted, this finding challenges the common belief that is it safer to err towards overly broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy.
Impact of Type of Vascular Access on Clinical Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Transitioning to Haemodialysis: An ANZDATA Study
Authors: Cheikh Hassan Hicham I , Murali Karumathil , Chen Jenny H.C , Mullan Judy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Vascular access on haemodialysis corresponds with long term outcomes. However, the effect of access on haemodialysis transfer for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has not been fully explored.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of incident adult PD patients from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry who transferred to haemodialysis between 2004-2022. Associations between vascular access on transfer (central venous catheter [CVC] or arterio-venous access [AVA]) and clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, kidney transplantation and return to PD) were compared using Cox proportional hazards analysis and competing risk models.

Results
Of 6,824 patients, 65% used a CVC on transfer and 35% an AVA. Variability of access type at transfer between centres was high (range 13% to 98% for CVC). AVA transfer was associated with a longer PD vintage (1.6 versus 1.2 years, P&lt;0.001) and inadequate PD as a cause of transfer (29% versus 15%, P&lt;0.001). All-cause mortality was lower for AVA transfer compared to a CVC (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.66- 0.77). The risk was lowest for infection-related mortality (HR 0.59, 95%CI 0.45- 0.77) Kidney transplantation was more likely in AVA transfer compared to a CVC (HR 1.18, 95%CI 1.05- 1,33), but return to PD was less likely (HR 0.67, 95%CI 0.59- 0.71). Results remained consistent in the competing risk analysis.

Conclusions
Patients who transferred with an AVA, compared to a CVC, showed better survival and kidney transplantation rates, but were less likely to return to PD.
MuST-GAN MFAS: Multi-semantic spoof tracer GAN with transformer layers for multi-modal face anti-spoofing
Authors: Liu Shu , Ul Abideen Zain , Wan Tongming , Shahzad Inzamam , Waseem Abbas , Pan Yushan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the field of multi-modal face anti-spoofing (MFAS), where RGB, depth, and infrared data are integrated, remarkable advancements have been seen. However, despite the advancement, there still exist challenges when it comes to adaptability, particularly in dealing with unseen attacks. In this paper, a novel model called MuST-GAN MFAS is presented. This model employs a generative network that incorporates modality-specific encoders and transformer layers. It is significant that the model efficiently disentangles multi-semantic spoof traces by utilizing the power of cross-modal attention mechanisms and a transformer-based spoof trace generator. The training process involves bidirectional adversarial learning, ensuring identity consistency, intensity, center, and classification losses are taken into consideration. Through precise evaluations, it has been shown that the proposed model surpasses existing frameworks, showing remarkable performance when evaluating several modal samples. In the end, MuST-GAN MFAS makes an impressive contribution to the field of face anti-spoofing by offering results that are easy to interpret and emphasizing how important it is to learn multi-semantic spoof traces in order to improve generalization and adaptability to unseen attacks. The code is available at https://github.com/ZainUlAbideenMalik/Must-GAN-MFAS.
Generative AI (GenAI) and pre-service teacher agency in ELT
Authors: Lee Seongyong , Jeon Jaeho , Choe Hohsung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite abundant research on the pedagogical benefits of generative AI (GenAI) in ELT, teachers’ agentive use of GenAI in an instructional context has not been fully explored. How pre-service teachers utilize GenAI in teacher-training courses also remains unclear. Thus, grounded in the framework of teacher agency and professional development, this study explored pre-service English teachers’ perceptions of engaging in a GenAI-enhanced lesson design project. Thematic analysis of interviews and reflection papers from eighteen pre-service English teachers who participated in lesson design with diverse GenAI tools revealed their agentive use of GenAI in two aspects: (1) agentive role in teacher–GenAI collaboration; (2) responsible GenAI use to address its constraints. The findings highlight the importance of pre-service teacher agency in leveraging GenAI for ELT. Pedagogical implications for training pre-service teachers in GenAI literacy are discussed.
Diverging evolutionary trajectories for palm seed sizes in mainland Africa and Madagascar
Authors: Pham Karen V , Liow Lee Hsiang , Ivory Sarah J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seed size is a trait which determines survival rates for individual plants and can vary as a result of numerous trade-offs. In the palm family (Arecaceae) today, there is great variation in seed sizes. Past studies attempting to establish drivers for palm seed evolution have sometimes yielded contradictory findings in part because modern seed size variations are complicated by long-term legacies, including biogeographic differences across lineages. Here, we examined palm seed size evolution in two adjacent regions (mainland Africa and Madagascar) utilizing single- and multi-regime Brownian Motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. We explicitly take into account species’ evolutionary histories to investigate whether there may be shared evolutionary pressures over regional scales. We found that regional selection pressures do exist for palm seed lengths, but these pressures are distinct in mainland Africa and Madagascar, despite the two regions’ proximity. Our study indicates that evolutionary drivers may differ in these two regions, highlighting the importance of re-considering the widespread assumption to view mainland Africa and Madagascar as a single evolutionary region.
Deserving Special Treatment? The Effect of Psychological Entitlement on Support for International Law
Authors: Justwan Florian , Berejikian Jeffrey D , Mazdeyasnan Shawn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Previous studies in Psychology have identified Psychological Entitlement (PE) as an important variable that affects a wide variety of attitudes and behaviors in humans. PE is an individual-level character trait that describes a tendency to expect unwarranted and unearned rewards. In this paper, we build on existing research in Psychology and we investigate the effect of PE on foreign policy attitudes. Theoretically, we expect that those who score high on PE will score higher on American exceptionalism and—as a result—they will have more negative attitudes toward international law. We test our hypotheses on a nationally representative sample of the United States adult population. Respondents were asked a number of questions designed to tap into their PE scores, foreign policy attitudes, and general demographic characteristics. Our models provide broad support for our theoretical expectations. An experimental follow-up analysis (in which entitlement levels were manipulated) corroborates our findings.
Slightly acidic electrolyzed water enhances the storability and quality maintenance of Chinese olive fruit during storage
Authors: Huang Zhenlu , Chen Yunman , Feng Shujuan , Lin Yifen , Chen Yihui , Hung Yen-Con , Lin Hetong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Postharvest Chinese olives are prone to quality deterioration, spoilage, and decay, which lead to postharvest loss and shorten the shelf life of fresh Chinese olives. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) is an economical, safe, and environmentally friendly postharvest technology for fresh produce. The effects of SAEW at 40 mg/L available chlorine concentration (ACC) on the storage behaviour and quality performance of Chinese olives were explored. In contrast with the control sample, SAEW-treated Chinese olives presented a lower pericarp greenness (−)-redness (+) (a*) value, a lower percentage of fruit weight loss, a lower fruit respiration rate, a higher percentage of healthy fruit, and higher values of pericarp lightness (L*), blueness (−)-yellowness (+) (b*), chroma (C), and hue angle (h°). Additionally, SAEW treatment helped delay the declines in the levels of pericarp chlorophyll, pulp sucrose, total soluble solids, titratable acid, vitamin C, and total soluble sugars, as well as reduce the increases in pericarp carotenoid and pulp reducing sugar. These data suggest that SAEW treatment could efficaciously elevated the storage performance and quality maintenance of postharvest Chinese olives, thereby lengthening the storage life of fresh Chinese olives.
Testosterone concentration and incident depression in older men: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Forbes Malcolm , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Tran Cammie , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Woods Robyn L , McNeil John , Berk Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Testosterone has been implicated in mood regulation, yet its role in the development and treatment of depression remains unclear. This study investigated the association between testosterone concentrations and the incidence of depression in older men.

Methods
We utilized data from 4,107 men aged 70 years and older who participated in the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) and ASPREE-XT studies. Serum total testosterone concentrations were measured at baseline and year 3. Depressive symptoms were assessed annually using the CES-D-10 scale, with incident depression defined as a CES-D-10 score of ≥ 8. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) for incident depression, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
During a median follow-up of 8.4 years, 1,449 participants experienced an episode of depression. Baseline total testosterone concentrations were not significantly associated with the risk of incident depression, whether treated as continuous variables (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01) or when categorized into quintiles. Similarly, changes in testosterone concentrations from baseline to year 3 did not predict incident depression (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99-1.08). A subgroup analysis focusing on men with biochemical evidence of hypogonadism also found no association with incident depression.

Conclusions
Our findings do not support an association between testosterone concentrations and the risk of developing depression in older men. These results suggest that testosterone is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of depression in this population. There may still be individual variability in response to testosterone changes and its potential impact on mood disorders.
"I Won't Put Myself or My Family Through That": Decision Preferences, Family Experiences, and Kidney Disease Decision-Making
Authors: Hamler Tyrone C , Cutforth Asia , O’Donnell Kari , Miller Emily K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern that uniquely impacts older Black Americans, a population also likely to have family members also diagnosed with CKD. This study aimed to (1) describe how participants viewed their decision preferences considering the experiences of family, and friends previously diagnosed with CKD, and (2) to understand how these social complexities informed their own decisions for future CKD care.

Research Design and Methods
Utilizing a phenomenologically-informed approach, this study explored participants’ perceptions of how patients and their family members’ experiences with CKD influenced treatment-related decision-making. A reflexive, thematic content analysis was conducted to identify patterns across participant responses (N=52). Participants were pre-dialysis, diagnosed with stage four or five chronic kidney disease, and were receiving outpatient nephrology care at a large, urban midwestern hospital.

Results
Three primary themes emerged: (1) uncertainty regarding decision-making, (2) lived experience of racism, and (3) impact of quality of care, information, and education on decision-making. These three interconnected themes centered on factors that influenced why and how decisions related to chronic kidney disease were made and how racial identity and prior family experiences with CKD influenced these decisions.

Discussion and Implications
Over the next 40 years, the population of Black Americans aged ≥ 65 years will nearly triple. Because of the complex support requirements and burden(s) of care for CKD patients, there are implications for reshaping the negative and disorienting narratives that influence decision-making conflicts.
Aseismicslip history after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Suruga Trough, Central Japan
Authors: Ozawa Shinzaburo , Munekane Hiroshi , Suito Hisashi , Kuwahara Masaki 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Detailed investigations of aseismic slow slip events (SSEs) are crucial for estimating the strain budget and SSE mechanisms within subduction zones. The Suruga Trough, which includes the Tokai seismic gap, is an important area in Japan from a hazardous perspective. However, the aseismic slip history of this trough following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is difficult to determine as a result of post-seismic deformation caused by the earthquake. In this study, we provided detailed imaging of the interplate aseismic slip in the Suruga Trough after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake by applying a network inversion filter to global navigation satellite system data and considering viscoelastic deformation and afterslip caused by the earthquake. The analysis revealed the 2012 Shima long-term SSE (l-SSE), 2013–2016 Tokai l-SSE, 2017–2020 Shima l-SSE and 2023–2024 Atsumi + Tokai l-SSE, with the slip area expanding to the area adjacent to the Tokai seismic gap from 2023 July, consequently changing the stress state to promote the anticipated Tokai earthquake. The findings of this study suggest that the recurrence interval of the Tokai slow slip ranges from 10 to 13 yr, with a duration of approximately 4–5 yr and a total magnitude ranging from 6.5 to 7.1. The l-SSE zone shows that the upper-limit temperature threshold, which is the temperature at the upper bound of the l-SSE zone aligning the 350 °C isothermal line in the Tokai segment, does not hold in the Suruga Trough. The change in strike direction of the l-SSE zone suggests that a discontinuous factor controls the l-SSE occurrence, such as high pore pressure caused by fluid infiltration to the plate interface. Furthermore, we explored a gap between the short-term SSE (s-SSE) and l-SSE zones, and the findings indicated a non-continuous transition from l-SSE to s-SSE, thus providing insights into the discontinuous factors that regulate l-SSE and s-SSE generation. The recurrence interval (10–13 yr) and duration (4–5 yr) of the Tokai SSEs are long, and their moment rates (1015.8 Nm d−1) are low compared to those of the l-SSEs in other regions. The SSE parameters suggest that the scaling law may not apply to SSEs in the Suruga–Nankai Trough with the prolonged duration.
Meeting clean air targets could reduce the burden of hypertension among women of reproductive age in India
Authors: Singh Taruna , Chaudhary Ekta , Roy Ambuj , Ghosh Santu , Dey Sagnik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for hypertension globally. However, limited epidemiological evidence exists in developing countries, specifically with indigenous health data and for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) composition. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap in India.

Methods
Using a logistic regression model, we estimated the association between hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg) prevalence among women of reproductive age (WRA, 15–49 years) from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its composition, after adjusting for confounders. We also explored the moderating effects of socioeconomic indicators through a multiplicative interaction with PM2.5.

Results
Hypertension prevalence increased by 5.2% (95% uncertainty interval: 4.8%–5.7%) for every 10 μg/m3 increase in ambient PM2.5 exposure. Significant moderating effects were observed among smokers against nonsmokers and for various sociodemographic parameters. Among PM2.5 species, every interquartile range increase in black carbon (BC) and sulphate exposure was significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension than for organic carbon and dust. We estimated that achieving the National Clean Air Program target and World Health Organization air quality guidelines can potentially reduce hypertension prevalence by 2.42% and 4.21%, respectively.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that increasing ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension among WRA in India. The risk is not uniform across various PM2.5 species and is higher with BC and sulphate. Achieving clean air targets can substantially reduce the hypertension burden in this population.
Skein and Cluster Algebras with Coefficients for Unpunctured Surfaces
Authors: Ishibashi Tsukasa , Kano Shunsuke , Yuasa Wataru 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a skein model for the quantum cluster algebras of surface type with coefficients. We introduce a skein algebra $\mathscr{S}_{\Sigma ,\mathbb{W}}^{A}$ of a walled surface$(\Sigma ,\mathbb{W})$, and prove that it has a quantum cluster structure. The walled surfaces naturally generalize the marked surfaces with multi-laminations, which have been used to describe the cluster algebras of geometric type for marked surfaces by Fomin–Thurston [ 11]. As a result, this paper gives a simultaneous generalization of Fomin–Thurston and Muller [ 20], incorporating both quantization and (not necessarily normalized) coefficients. Moreover, we give skein theoretic interpretation for some of quasi-homomorphisms [ 14] between these quantum cluster algebras.
Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized lipids on the performance of growing pigs
Authors: Kerr Brian J , Wilson Victoria C , Zhang Junwei , Chen Chi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Feeding pigs lipids containing high levels of lipid oxidation products (LOP) has been shown to reduce growth performance, but data is lacking on quantitative relationships between LOP and pig growth, feed intake, and feed efficiency. Four experiments (EXP) were conducted using soybean oil (SO) in EXP 1, 2, and 3, as well as SO, choice white grease and palm oil (PO) in EXP 4, to evaluate the impact of feeding diets containing different amounts of LOP on pig performance. Lipid peroxidation was carried out using variable heating temperatures and durations to generate lipids with a broad range of peroxide (PV, mEq) and anisidine value (AnV, unitless). Lipids were added to the diets at 10%, 10%, 8%, and 7.5% for EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with dietary PV and AnV calculated using lipid peroxidation concentrations of PV and AnV times the dietary lipid inclusion rate. Within each experiment, pig performance (6.2 to 13.4 kg, EXP 1; 13.5 to 23.7 kg, EXP 2; 20.3 to 36.9 kg, EXP 3; 29.6 to 44.1 kg, EXP 4) was affected differently depending on dietary PV and AnV concentrations. Using the control-fed pigs within each experiment as a baseline of 100%, correlations of pooled relative pig performance data (dependent variables of ADG, ADFI, and GF) from EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4 with their respective dietary LOP values (independent variables of dietary PV and AnV due their ability to be measured commercially) resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.01) regression equations for relative ADG [ADG, % = 101.2 − [(0.321 × PV) + (1.019 × AnV)], R2 = 0.81], ADFI [ADFI, % = 100.8 − [(0.320 × PV) + (0.629 × AnV)], R2 = 0.68], and GF [GF, % = 101.3 − [(0.016 × PV) + (0.525 × AnV)], R2 = 0.70], albeit PV was not a significant regression coefficient in the GF model (P = 0.90). This data shows that the values of primary and secondary LOP (i.e., PV and AnV, respectively) could be effectively used in predicting the effect of feeding oxidized lipids on growth, feed intake, and feed efficiency in growing pigs.
Labor regimes, long-distance commuting, and the spaces of production and social reproduction in large-scale mining
Authors: Irarrazaval Felipe , Atienza Miguel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The modern mining industry’s capital–labor dynamic centers on mobilizing workers from distant urban areas to extraction sites, operating under roster and long-distance commuting (LDC) system. Commonly explained as a cost-saving strategy or individual worker choice, this study challenges prevailing interpretations by embedding LDC within mining labor regimes to show the broader socio-ecological contexts that explain this phenomenon. Through a qualitative work, it unveils how LDC is grounded in the spheres of production, social reproduction, and ecology, in which the environmental conditions of the workplace and mining-related pollution in the spaces for social reproduction are critical.