bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balanced Turbulence and the Helicity Barrier in Black Hole Accretion
Authors: Wong George N. , Arzamasskiy Lev 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Horizon-scale observations from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) have enabled precision study of supermassive black hole accretion. Contemporary accretion modeling often treats the inflowing plasma as a single, thermal fluid, but microphysical kinetic effects can lead to significant deviations from this idealized picture. We investigate how the helicity barrier influences EHT-accessible electromagnetic observables by employing a simple model for electron heating based on kinetic physics and the cascade of energy and helicity in unbalanced turbulence. Although the helicity barrier plays only a minor role in regions with high plasma β, like in standard and normal evolution (SANE) disks, it may substantially impact regions with more ordered magnetic fields, such as the jet and its surrounding wind in SANE flows as well as throughout the entire domain in magnetically arrested disk (MAD) flows. In SANE flows, emission shifts from the funnel wall toward the lower-magnetization disk region; in MAD flows the emission morphology remains largely unchanged. Including the helicity barrier leads to characteristically lower electron temperatures, and neglecting it can lead to underestimated accretion rates and inferred jet powers. The corresponding higher plasma densities result in increased depolarization and Faraday depths thereby decreasing the amplitude of the β
2 coefficient while leaving its angle unchanged. Both the increased jet power and lower

β

2

may help alleviate outstanding tensions between modeling and EHT observations. We also find that the estimated ring diameter may be underestimated when the helicity barrier is neglected. Our results underscore the significance of the helicity barrier in shaping black hole observables and inferred accretion system parameters.
A Physically Motivated Framework to Compare Pair Fractions of Isolated Low- and High-mass Galaxies across Cosmic Time
Authors: Chamberlain Katie , Besla Gurtina , Patel Ekta , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente , Torrey Paul , Martin Garreth , Johnson Kelsey , Kallivayalil Nitya , Patton David , Pearson Sarah , Privon George , Stierwalt Sabrina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Low-mass galaxy pair fractions are understudied, and it is unclear whether low-mass pair fractions evolve in the same way as more massive systems over cosmic time. In the era of JWST, Roman, and Rubin, selecting galaxy pairs in a self-consistent way will be critical to connect observed pair fractions to cosmological merger rates across all mass scales and redshifts. Utilizing the Illustris TNG100 simulation, we create a sample of physically associated low-mass (108 < M
* < 5 × 109
M
⊙) and high-mass (5 × 109 < M
* < 1011
M
⊙) pairs between z = 0 and 4.2. The low-mass pair fraction increases from z = 0 to 2.5, while the high-mass pair fraction peaks at z = 0 and is constant or slightly decreasing at z > 1. At z = 0 the low-mass major (1:4 mass ratio) pair fraction is 4× lower than high-mass pairs, consistent with findings for cosmological merger rates. We show that separation limits that vary with the mass and redshift of the system, such as scaling by the virial radius of the host halo (r
sep < 1R
vir), are critical for recovering pair fraction differences between low-mass and high-mass systems. Alternatively, static physical separation limits applied equivalently to all galaxy pairs do not recover the differences between low- and high-mass pair fractions, even up to separations of 300 kpc. Finally, we place isolated mass analogs of Local Group galaxy pairs, i.e., Milky Way (MW)–M31, MW–LMC, LMC–SMC, in a cosmological context, showing that isolated analogs of LMC–SMC-mass pairs and low-separation (<50 kpc) MW–LMC-mass pairs are 2–3× more common at z ≳ 2–3.
On the Particle Acceleration Mechanisms in a Double Radio Relic Galaxy Cluster, Abell 1240
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Andrade-Santos Felipe , van Weeren Reinout J. , Kraft Ralph P. , Hoang Duy N. , Shimwell Timothy W. , Nulsen Paul , Foreman William , Randall Scott , Su Yuanyuan , Chakraborty Priyanka , Jones Christine , Miller Eric , Bautz Mark , Grant Catherine E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a 368 ks deep Chandra observation of Abell 1240, a binary merging galaxy cluster at a redshift of 0.195 with two brightest cluster galaxies that may have passed each other 0.3 Gyr ago. Building upon previous investigations involving Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Very Large Array, and LOFAR data, our study focuses on two prominent extended radio relics at the northwest (NW) and southeast (SE) of the cluster core. By leveraging the high-resolution Chandra imaging, we have identified two distinct surface-brightness edges at ∼1 Mpc and 1.2 Mpc NW and SE of the cluster center, respectively, coinciding with the outer edges of both relics. Our temperature measurements suggest the edges to be shock front edges. The Mach numbers, derived from the gas density jumps, yield

M

SE

=

1.49

−
0.24

+
0.22

for the SE shock and

M

NW

=

1.41

−
0.19

+
0.17

for the NW shock. Our estimated Mach numbers are remarkably smaller compared to those derived from radio observations (

M

SE

= 2.3 and

M

NW

= 2.4), highlighting the prevalence of a reacceleration scenario over direct acceleration of electrons from the thermal pool. Furthermore, we compare the observed temperature profiles across both shocks with those of predictions from collisional versus collisionless models. Both shocks favor the Coulomb collisional model, but we could not rule out a purely collisionless model due to pre-shock temperature uncertainties.
Adherence to disease-modifying therapies among patients with multiple sclerosis in Bulgaria – A real world study
Authors: Seitaridou Yoana , Chamova Teodora , Kamusheva Maria 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The purpose was to assess the level of medication adherence (MA) and related factors among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Bulgaria.
Materials and methods: A prospective one-year study was conducted among 54 patients with MS diagnosed, treated, and monitored in Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital “Alexandrovska”, Sofia in 2022/2023. Clinical data, patients reported outcomes, patients’ characteristics such as age, gender and reduced work capacity, and other data were collected to define the predictors of non-adherence to medicines. MA level was assessed through a free Morisky–Green 4-item questionnaire.
Results: Мost of the observed patients were rated with high and moderate adherence to MS therapy (n = 44; 81.48%). The remaining 18.52% of the patients with poor adherence to therapy were women. There was no statistical basis for asserting differences in adherence levels among the various factors considered.
Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the importance of MA assessment and provides insights into MA among patients with MS in Bulgaria. Still, there are low-adherent patients, and the responsible factors should be further investigated.
Éthiques inclusives en éducation
Authors: Dumonteil Julie 
Published: February 2024

Pour que les élèves se sentent acceptés dans leur singularité, la communauté éducative ne doit-elle pas être le reflet de la société inclusive vers laquelle elle tend ? Être face à des enseignants en situation de handicap à un moment de leur scolarité ne permet-il pas aux élèves dits à besoins éducatifs particuliers d’appréhender différemment leurs spécificités ? Penser l’éducation sous l’angle de l’éthique inclusive doit permettre de considérer la diversité comme constitutive de la communauté éducative. Cette étude s’intéresse, pour ce faire, à la perspective éthique dans laquelle s’inscrivent des enseignants autistes ainsi qu’aux répercussions de leurs expériences d’anciens élèves en situation de handicap sur leurs pratiques actuelles d’enseignement. Elle met par ailleurs en lumière les défis qui restent à relever pour que l’institution d’éducation puisse devenir pleinement inclusive.
Ramses 2024
Authors: Da Lage Olivier 
Published: February 2024

Centralisation et personnalisation du pouvoir, réécriture de l’histoire au nom de la « nation indienne », limitation des contre-pouvoirs, attaques sur l’opposition et sur les États fédérés d’opposition : le pouvoir du BJP s’installe dans une dérive censée lui garantir une nouvelle victoire. L’unité de l’opposition, qui seule pourrait lui dénier cette victoire, s’avère problématique, le parti du Congrès ayant, en dépit de ses récents efforts, largement perdu en crédibilité.
Ramses 2024
Authors: Hémez Rémy 
Published: February 2024

Le régime nord-coréen multiplie les essais et démonstrations d’armes, exhibant son statut d’État nucléaire. Visée au premier chef, la Corée du Sud s’efforce de stabiliser son environnement régional et de renforcer la garantie américaine. Pourra-t-elle éviter le débat sur sa propre nucléarisation ?
La justice des années sombres
Authors: Iannucci Ugo 
Published: February 2024

Au sein de ce barreau qui comporte 263 avocats en 1940, le Conseil de l’Ordre applique sans les contester le statut des Juifs et les lois sur les juridictions d’exception. Même quand la répression politique se durcit, les quelques « avocats rebelles » arrêtés (le plus souvent communistes) ne suscitent que des protestations de pure forme. Ce qui domine est la passivité des avocats dans une ville qualifiée de « capitale de la Résistance » où d’autres corps (l’Église ou l’armée) ont su poser des actes de protestation publique et symbolique.
Bilans et perspectives en psychologie sociale
Authors: Schadron Georges , Morchain Pascal 
Published: February 2024

Le programme de recherches présenté ici montre combien notre sensibilité aux influences sociales, et plus particulièrement à celles qui échappent à notre conscience, est tributaire de notre perception du contexte social. On sait que l’activation non consciente de différents concepts affecte perceptions, jugements et comportements. Mais cet impact est modulé par les personnes qui, en prenant en compte à leur insu différents paramètres des situations dans lesquelles elles sont placées, deviennent plus ou moins influençables, « déterminables ». Plus précisément, les recherches réalisées montrent, dans différentes situations (situation individuelle ou en interaction sociale) et sur différentes variables (estimations, perception de soi, jugements judiciaires…) que les personnes deviennent plus sensibles à différents types d’influence non-consciente, pour peu qu’elles croient qu’autrui est valablement informé sur elles-mêmes.
À propos de la loi pour contrôler l’immigration, améliorer l’intégration, entretien avec Lola Isidro, Maîtresse de conférences en droit privé à l’Université Paris Nanterre, IRERP
Authors: Isidro Lola 
Published: February 2024

Le présent entretien poursuit la série consacrée, depuis le début de l’année 2024, à la loi sur l’immigration. Lola Isidro revient sur les dispositions relatives à la protection sociale contenues dans le texte adopté le 19 décembre 2023 mais censurées par le Conseil constitutionnel.
Exsanguinated to death by a perforated duodenal ulcer: Masquerader apprehended on autopsy
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Rehman Nidhin , Mitra Suvradeep , Madakshira Manoj G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Gastroduodenal perforation commonly due to spontaneous perforation of a pre-existing peptic ulcer is a surgical emergency. On laparotomy, approximately 60%–70% perforations are duodenal and 15%–20% gastric. The most prevalent etiology are Helicobacter pylori infection in 65%–70% and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) abuse in 30%–50% cases depending on the prevalence of H. pylori infection. We report here the autopsy findings in a 29-year-old male who collapsed suddenly in the emergency room of our hospital after a bout of massive hematemesis.
Assessment of Ki-67 expression in cases of prostatic carcinoma and its correlation with clinical outcomes
Authors: Siddiqui Sumaira 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Treatment decisions after diagnosis of clinically localized prostate cancer are difficult due to variability in tumor behavior. As there is a high prevalence of low-grade prostate cancer with an indolent course, we need improved markers of prostate cancer lethality in order to reduce the overtreatment. In the current study, we assessed Ki-67 expression in cases of prostate carcinoma and correlated its expression with clinical outcomes.

Methods:
It was a single-center retrospective descriptive type of study. A total of 50 cases were included. Diagnosed cases of adenocarcinoma on Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) chips and Trucut prostatic biopsies (Archival biopsy specimens) for whom five years follow-up was available from record files and/or telephonic interviews were included. The clinical outcomes (rate of distant metastases, disease specific survival, and overall survival) over a period of five years were recorded.

Results:
In the current study, 78% of the cases of carcinoma prostate were positive for Ki-67 expression. The mean Ki-67 staining index was 15.22% among the cases. The cases with High Ki-67 Staining index had a significantly higher rate of distant metastasis, poor disease-specific survival, and overall survival compared to cases with low Ki-67 staining index.

Conclusion:
Ki-67 can be used along with the other established prognostic parameters to assess the lethality of prostate cancer.
Assessing specific items of Indian VSMS: Perspective of medical and rehabilitation professionals
Authors: Singh Sharda , Singhal Shalini , Singh Lokesh , Arora Ripu D. , Tikka Sai K. , Jati Monalisa 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Adaptive behavior plays a crucial role in daily functioning, involving a complex interplay between individuals and their environment. In India, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) has been the preferred assessment tool for measuring adaptive behaviors, despite its age of over 85 years. However, periodic evaluation is necessary to ensure its continued relevance.

Aim:
This study aims to critically evaluate selected items of the Indian version of the VSMS.

Materials and Methods:
A survey form was developed through a focus group discussion (FGD), comprising 20 items from the Indian adaptation of the VSMS. The form was converted into a Google Form and distributed to medical and rehabilitation specialists across India. The responses were collected, recorded, and analyzed in an Excel sheet.

Results:
Of the 107 responses received, 14 were incomplete and excluded, leaving 93 complete for analysis. The analysis revealed that less than half of the surveyed items and domains received ratings of disagreement from over a quarter of the respondents concerning their frequency, relevance, and diagnostic value.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the need for a dynamic approach to defining and assessing adaptive behavior, especially in the Indian context. It highlights the importance of revising existing scales, incorporating technology-related items, and considering societal and cultural norms shifts. While acknowledging its limitations, this research sets the stage for future investigations to gain a more nuanced understanding of adaptive behaviors amidst changing societal dynamics. Ultimately, these efforts aim to develop more comprehensive and relevant assessment tools for adaptive behavior in today's rapidly evolving world.
Association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in recently detoxified patients with alcohol dependence
Authors: Mukherjee Diptadhi , Pathak Kangkan , Mahadevan Jayant , Agarwal Gopal , Nath Santanu , Saraf Anantprakash S. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Depression and impulsivity are etiologically linked to alcohol dependence (AD) and are known to affect course and outcomes. The relationship between impulsivity and depressive symptoms has been investigated only in a few studies of individuals with AD.

Aim:
This study aimed to explore the association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in patients with AD.

Materials and Methods:
Our study was conducted in the inpatient setup of a tertiary care psychiatry institute. The study design is cross-sectional. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and stop signal task (SST) were used to assess levels of global impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity, respectively, among 60 recently detoxified inpatients with AD. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. The results were analyzed to examine the association of depressive symptoms with impulsivity. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation or Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression analysis were performed to explore the association between quantitative variables.

Results:
Patients with higher HAM-D scores were found to have significantly higher score on all three subscales of the BIS-11. The attention impulsivity subscale had the strongest correlations (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were more strongly correlated with cognitive impulsivity (r = 0.54, P< 0.0001) compared with motor impulsivity and were not significantly associated with behavioral impulsivity. Adjusting for other variables, cognitive impulsivity was found to be the strongest predictor of the severity of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:
The study showed a strong association between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in individuals with AD. This relationship may apply more to cognitive impulsivity, reflecting the role of impulsive decisions compared with impulsive actions.
Chapter 8: Management of Radioiodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Dhar Harsh , Agrawal Archi 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
A small subset of patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), over the course of their natural disease progression, undergo dedifferentiation which leads to altered tumor biology and an inability to concentrate and respond to radioactive iodine (RAI), despite being able to functionally produce and release thyroglobulin. They broadly consist of two groups – (a) thyroglobulin-elevated negative iodine scintigraphy and (b) radioiodine refractory DTC. This review deals with their definitions, presentation, and overall management principles, highlighting the key points of their treatment philosophy. Whole-body 18F positron emission tomography-computed tomography is the investigation of choice since majority of these become fludeoxyglucose avid once they lose their iodine avidity. Asymptomatic patients with low disease burden may be observed. Surgical ablation, for symptomatic patients with accessible disease is the prime treatment modality. For those deemed inoperable with high tumor burden and increasing symptomatology are best treated with multikinase inhibitors. External beam Radiation may be a choice for painful bony metastasis, while those refractory to multikinase inhibitors may be offered newer forms of localized therapy such as radiofrequency ablation, newer isotope therapy, and transarterial chemoembolization.
Chapter 6: Risk Stratification and Surveillance in Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Dandekar Mitali , Joshipura Aditya , Patel Kaustubh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Surveillance strategies in differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) differ from other head-and-neck subsites by virtue of their excellent prognosis. Guidelines in this chapter are based on a comprehensive literature review, particularly in the Indian setting concurred upon by experts in the field. Key recommendations include serial measurement of thyroglobulin values, thyroglobulin antibodies, and risk-based suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone during follow-up of treated DTCs, with radioactive iodine scan and structural imaging based on dynamic risk stratification. These recommendations take into consideration prevailing Indian scenario related to reliability of follow-up, insurance coverage, as well as burden on health-care systems.
Presurgical management trends and nasoalveolar molding usage for infants with cleft lip and palate in the capital of a developing country
Authors: Al-Lami Hadeel Adel , Al-Rudainy Dhelal , Mohammed-Salih Harraa S. , Salman Safa M. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUNDS:
Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) application is among presurgical management (PSM) techniques used for infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP). It helps to approximate the palatal cleft and to reshape the nasoalveolar complex prior to primary lip repair. This study aimed to explore types of PSM and the dental speciality provision for infants with CLP in Baghdad. The status of NAM usage and surgeons’ perceptions toward NAM usage were assessed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional paper-based questionnaire study that collected responses of surgeons perform primary lip and nose repair regarding PSM. The questionnaire was distributed amongst public and private hospitals in Baghdad. Twenty surgeons were enrolled (only those surgeons who perform primary repair for infants with CLP); two females and eighteen males.

RESULTS:
The majority of participants’ responses suggested that the majority of infants with CLP were provided with baby feeding plates and lip straps. Six surgeons reported that a percentage of their patients who have been provided with NAM. PSM in Baghdad was mostly supplied by orthodontists and plastic surgeons, and the next most likely providers were prosthodontists. 82.35% of the surgeons found that primary surgical repair procedures were easier with NAM than for the other infants. The rest have not perceived any differences.

CONCLUSIONS:
Orthodontists, surgeons and prosthodontists were involved in providing PSM. Baby feeding plates and lip straps were the most common PSM in Baghdad, although NAM is not uncommon. Most surgeons believe that using NAM made surgical procedures easier and permitted the prediction of surgical outcomes.
Social Networking Sites Usage and Quality of Life among Senior Citizens
Authors: Siah Poh Chua , Ooi Chia Sin , Zaman Wirawahida Binti , Low Sew Kim 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Using social networking sites (SNS) is an effective way to improve senior citizens' quality of life (QOL). However, SNS usage among senior citizens is relatively low compared to the younger generation. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the factors associated with SNS usage among senior citizens and its relationship with QOL. A conceptual framework combining the technology acceptance model and the subjective norm was proposed.

Methods:
Purposive sampling and cross-sectional survey methods were used to recruit 214 senior citizens.

Results:
The results supported the predictions: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norms are positively associated with intention to use SNS, and intention to use SNS mediates the effects of these predictors on SNS usage. Besides, SNS usage is positively associated with QOL.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, promoting SNS usage among senior citizens should include an SNS that is easier for them and a program to encourage their significant others to use SNS with senior citizens.