bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can deep learning help in understanding the geodynamo?
Authors: Kuslits Lukács , Horváth András , Wesztergom Viktor , Beggan Ciaran , Rubóczki Tibor , Prácser Ernő , Czirok Lili , Bozsó István , Lemperger István 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is an emerging tool used in an ever-growing number of branches of contemporary geophysical research. To date however, rarely have such methods been applied specifically for the study of Earth’s internal magnetic field and the geodynamo. Prevailing methods currently used in inferring the characteristic properties and the probable time evolution of the geodynamo are based on two differing but connected approaches. They both directly rely on simplified applications of magnetohydrodynamics.
In this study, first attempts at applying a new kind of inference method are presented. Its long-term goal focuses on inferring concentrations of electric current densities inside the core as the direct sources of the magnetic field itself rather than addressing the fluid motions.
The method makes use of simplified models in which equivalent current loops represent local current systems emerging in computationally extremely intensive turbulent geodynamo simulations. These forward models were then utilized to produce synthetic magnetic field maps with a widely varying configurations of such current loops hypothetically placed inside a conductive outer core, along maps of real historical geomagnetic field model data both computed at the core-mantle boundary (CMB). The resulting maps were used as input training samples for an image processing deep neural network, which essentially learns to infer the parameters of all these modelled current systems based on the magnetic field maps.
Results presented here are focusing mainly on the feasibility of the method when applied for synthetic data and the quality parameters of these inferences. The overall distribution of loop currents can be recovered with a satisfying accuracy. However, the quality of the reconstruction of magnetic field properties is compromised by unrealistic values occasionally being inferred, and an inability to recover realistic secular time variations (SV). One example is shown of an inferred model obtained using CMB magnetic field maps. Main features of the maps of actual field values can be reproduced, and the corresponding inferred current loops tend to align in chain-like arrangements.
Assessment of diffuse bone marrow involvement on 18F-fluoro-D-glucose PET/computed tomography
Authors: Zhang Tong , Li Ping , Yang Funing , Wang Hongjia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the role of bone marrow (BM) FDG uptake distribution by 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing pathological status of BM with diffusely increased FDG uptake.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed one hundred and thirty-four PET/CT scans with diffusely increased FDG uptake in BM, which involved forty-nine patients with malignant diseases of BM and eighty-five patients with benign disorders of BM. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of axial skeletons (spine, ribs, sternum, pelvis), appendicular skeletons (proximal humerus, proximal femur, clavicle, scapula), and the range of humerus FDG uptake were measured, and the clinical and laboratory data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the risk factors for BM malignancies and discriminative ability of above indicators for pathology status of BM with diffusely increased FDG uptake.
Results
In patients with diffusely increased FDG uptake in BM, both the glucose metabolism in axial and appendicular skeletons were higher in BM malignancies than benign disorders. The multivariate logistic regression analysis (stepwise) revealed age (odds ratio [OR] 1.073; 95%CI, 1.031-1.117; P=0.001), femurs SUVmax (OR 2.058; 95%CI, 1.317-3.218; P=0.002), neutrophil count (OR 0.805; 95%CI, 0.718-0.902; P<0.001) and range of humerus FDG uptake (OR 11.335; 95%CI, 2.831-45.377; P=0.001) were associated with BM malignancies. Combined diagnosis had the highest ROC value (AUC 0.918; 95%CI, 0.864-0.973; P<0.001) with a sensitive of 89.8% and specificity of 85.9%.
Conclusion
Metabolic information of appendicular skeletons on FDG PET/CT was significant for assessing diffuse involvement in BM. Age combined femurs SUVmax, neutrophil count and range of humerus FDG uptake was reliable in differentiating BM malignancies from benign disorders.
Development of a low-frequency vibration-assisted turning device for nickel-based alloy
Authors: Shi Weichao , Zheng JianMing , Zhu LingJian , Chen Ting , Jing ZhangShuai , Peng Chao , Xue Rong , Li Qi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

As a typical difficult-to-machine material which is widely used in aerospace and aviation field, the high quality and efficient machining of nickel-based alloys has always been the hotspot in mechanical machining. However, the problem of force and heat concentrations can reduce the machining stability of nickel-based alloys, leading to tool wear and work hardening, seriously affecting the flow direction and fracture of chips. Therefore, a novel low-frequency vibration-assisted turning device is developed by using adjustable dual eccentric mechanism in this paper. The chip separation conditions of low-frequency vibration turning is analyzed. The relationship between cutting parameters and cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, workpiece surface morphology, and tool life was studied through experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the low-frequency vibration-assisted turning device can effectively suppress cutting force fluctuations, reduce cutting temperature, delay tool wear speed, improve surface quality, and increase tool life, meeting the high-quality and efficient machining requirements of nickel-based alloys. The research results will provide theoretical support for the problem of chip breakage in difficult to machine materials and the study of low-frequency vibration-assisted cutting technology.
CSPG-PTPσ blockade promote neurofilament growth and synaptic formation via regulating autophagy flux in spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Feng Naibo , Liu Chungeng , Xie Yongheng , Zhou Zipeng , Zhao Haosen , Xiao Guozhi , Yang Dazhi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) play critical role in the pathology of spinal cord injury (SCI). CSPG can be induced by autophagy inhibition in astrocyte, however, CSPG impact on autophagy and its role in SCI was still unknown. We investigate intracellular sigma peptide (ISP) targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ), effect on autophagy and synaptic formation in SCI. We determined autophagy related protein light chain 3 (LC3) and p62, autophagosome-lysosome fusion related protein STX17 (syntaxin 17), and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), pre-synaptic marker synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in vivo SCI and in vitro primary spinal neuron via western blot. The expression of LC3B and NeuN, LAMP2 and STX17, SYN and vesicular glutamate transporter 1(VGLUT1), neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 and neurofilament were determined via immunofluorescence (IF). The preserved neuron in the injured spinal cord were assessed via Nissl-staining and neurobehavioral function by Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score. We found that ISP activated autophagy flux related level of LC3B and p62, autophagosome-lysosome fusion related LAMP2/STX17, excitatory synapse marker SYN/VGLUT1, axon growth related GAP-43/Neurofilament expression in SCI. ISP promote preserved number of motor neurons and improved neurobehavioral recovery after SCI. CSPG-PTPσ blockade restored autophagy flux, synaptic and neurofilament growth, and promote functional recovery in SCI. Our study extended CSPG-PTPσ role in autophagy flux regulation, synaptic function and functional recovery in SCI.
The Experiences of Parents of Children with Sickle Cell Disease in a Metropolis in Ghana
Authors: Bayuo Francis Borsongdeme , Boateng Edward Appiah , Apiribu Felix , Wondong Winifred Pogsaa , Asakeboba Philomena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Problem:
Sickle cell disease imposes complex demands on the lives of affected children and their families. In recent years, several studies have appraised the burden of care on parents of children with SCD in different parts of the world. This study explored the experiences of parents of children with SCD in a metropolis in Ghana, using the ABCX family stress model as the guiding theoretical framework.
Methods
The exploratory qualitative research approach was used. Thirteen (13) parents were purposively selected and engaged in individual, face-to-face interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic content analysis.
Results
Three (3) major themes emerged namely, the perception of SCD by participants, the burden of care, and the resources used by parents. Participants had negative perceptions of SCD and were reluctant to give birth again due to the challenges of caring for a child with SCD. Resources used by participants were social support and coping strategies.
Conclusions
Genetic counseling before marriage should be highlighted in the awareness creation of SCD. Professional counseling services should be intensified to assist parents of children with SCD to promote their emotional health.
Implementing shared decision making support for cardiovascular disease prevention: Stakeholder interviews and case studies in Australian primary care
Authors: Bonner Carissa , Cornell Samuel , Pickles Kristen , Batcup Carys , de Wet Carl , Morgan Mark , Greaves Kim , O’Connor Denise , Hawkes Anna L , Crosland Paul , Chapman Niamh , Doust Jenny 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background:
Australian cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines recommend absolute CVD risk assessment, but less than half of eligible patients have the required risk factors recorded due to fragmented implementation over the last decade. Co-designed decision support tools for general practitioners (GPs) and consumers have been developed that improve knowledge barriers to guideline-recommended CVD risk assessment and management. This study used a stakeholder consultation process to identify and pilot test the feasibility of implementation strategies for these decision support tools in Australian primary care.
Methods:
This work was based on the Multiphase Optimisation Strategy (MOST) framework and included: 1) stakeholder consultation to map existing implementation strategies (2018-20); 2) interviews with 29 Primary Health Network (PHN) staff from all Australian states and territories to identify new implementation opportunities (2021); 3) pilot testing the feasibility of low, medium, and high resource implementation strategies (2019-21). Framework Analysis was used for qualitative data and Google analytics provided decision support usage data over time.
Results:
Informal stakeholder discussions indicated a need to partner with existing programs delivered by the Heart Foundation and PHNs. PHN interviews identified the importance of linking decision support tools with GP education resources, quality improvement activities, and consumer-focused prevention programs. Participants highlighted the importance of taking account of general practice processes, such as business models, workflows, medical records and clinical audit software. Specific implementation strategies were identified as feasible to pilot during COVID-19: 1) low resource: adding website links to local health area guidelines for clinicians and a Heart Foundation toolkit for primary care providers; 2) medium resource: presenting at GP education conferences and integrating the resources into audit and feedback reports; 3) high resource: auto-populate the risk assessment and decision aids from patient records via clinical audit software.
Conclusions:
This research identified a wide range of feasible strategies to implement decision support tools for CVD risk assessment and management. The findings will inform the translation of new CVD guidelines in primary care. Future research will use economic evaluation to explore the added value of higher versus lower resource implementation strategies.
Inhibiting thinning in tube bending by considering a coupling effect of material compensation and friction under a boosting movement
Authors: Fang Hao , Wang Zhineng , Bin Guangfu , Lin Weiming , Lin Yaocheng , Tran Cong Trieu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pressure die boost is an effective method to inhibit the thinning in the manufacturing process of aerospace tubes, and its mechanism is concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Finite element and experimental methods were conducted to analyze the tube thinning with and without boost. The effects of boosting velocity and friction on the outer wall thickness of the tube are studied. Results show that frictional force generated by the boost and the material compensation effect combine to resist the outer wall thinning during the bending process. When the boosting velocity is higher than the tube bending linear velocity, the frictional force of the boost generates a specific compressive stress, which weakens the tensile stress during the bending process of the outer wall. In the meantime, the boosting effect transfers the material from the feed section to the bending section, compensating for the thinning of the tube wall during the bending process. A new theoretical model of tube bending and thinning under boost conditions is proposed to explain this coupling effect. The relative error between the new theoretical model and the experimental value is less than 1.5%, and the accuracy is improved by 5.3% compared with the traditional no-boost condition. It overcomes the poor accuracy of the existing thinning model when fitting to boosted conditions and reveals the boosted effect's mechanism on the tube thinning.
Developing a Risk Assessment Tool for Cancer-related Venous Thrombosis in China: A modified Delphi-Analytic Hierarchy Process study
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Gao Xiurong , Yang Yujie , Ou Shunlong , Luo Jing , Wei Hua , Jiang Qian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To develop a Risk Assessment Tool for Cancer-related Venous Thrombosis in China.
Methods
A modified two-round Delphi method was employed to establish consensus within a field to reach an agreement via a questionnaire or by interviewing a multidisciplinary panel of experts by collecting their feedback to inform the next round, exchanging their knowledge, experience, and opinions anonymously, and resolving uncertainties. Furthermore, The AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used to determine the final quality indicators' relative importance.
Results
The expert's positive coefficient was 85.19% in the first round and 82.61% in the second round, with authoritative coefficients of 0.89 and 0.92 in the respective surveys. The P-value of Kendall's W test was all less than 0.001 for each round, and the W-value for concordance at the end of the two rounds was 0.115. The final Risk Assessment Tool for Cancer-related Venous Thrombosis consisted of three domains, ten subdomains, and 39 indicators, with patient factors weighing 0.1976, disease factors weighing 0.4905, and therapeutic factors weighing 0.3119.
Conclusion
The tool is significantly valid and reliable with a strong authority and coordination degree, and it can be used to assess the risk of cancer-related VTE and initiate appropriate thrombophylactic interventions in China.
Artificial intelligence-based counting algorithm enables accurate and detailed analysis of the broad spectrum of spot morphologies observed in antigen-specific B cell ELISPOT and FluoroSpot assays
Authors: Karulin Alexey Y , Katona Melinda , Megyesi Zoltán , Kirchenbaum Greg A. , Lehmann Paul V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Antigen-specific B cell ELISPOT and multicolor FluoroSpot assays, in which the membrane-bound antigen itself serves as the capture reagent for the antibodies that B cells secrete, inherently result in a broad range of spot sizes and intensities. The diversity of secretory footprint morphologies reflects the polyclonal nature of the antigen-specific B cell repertoire, with individual antibody-secreting B cells in the test sample differing in their affinity for the antigen, fine epitope specificity, and activation/secretion kinetics. To account for these heterogeneous spot morphologies, and to eliminate the need for setting up subjective counting parameters well-by-well, CTL introduces here its cutting-edge deep learning-based IntelliCount™ algorithm within the ImmunoSpot® Studio Software Suite which integrates CTL’s proprietary deep neural network. Here, we report detailed analyses of spots with a broad range of morphologies that were challenging to analyze using standard parameter-based counting approaches. IntelliCount™, especially in conjunction with high dynamic range (HDR) imaging, permits the extraction of accurate, high-content information of such spots, as required for assessing the affinity distribution of an antigen-specific memory B cell repertoire ex vivo. IntelliCount™ also extends the range in which the number of antibody-secreting B cells plated and spots detected follow a linear function; that is, in which the frequencies of antigen-specific B cells can be accurately established. Introducing high-content analysis of secretory footprints in B cell ELISPOT/FluoroSpot assays therefore fundamentally enhances the depth in which an antigen-specific B cell repertoire can be studied using freshly or cryopreserved primary cell material, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Polygenic risk score-assessment of drug induced hepatotoxicity in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Aslam Sara , Sarwar Sumbal , Ahmed Mehboob , N.A. Shabana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Genetic variations are associated with an increasing risk of asparaginase hepatotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The polygenetic risk assessment (PRS) of the representative genetic variants can contribute to increasing risk prediction to personalize the treatment. Herein, we estimated the single variants-phenotype and polygenetic-phenotype analysis.
Materials and methods: A total of 216 high-risk group acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients that have undergone remission induction therapy were recruited. The asparaginase hepatotoxicity assessment was based on serum characteristics and the presence of hepatomegaly. Genotyping was performed and genotype-phenotype associations were further evaluated to include four genetic contrast models (co-dominant, recessive, dominant and over-dominant) and polygenetic risk score.
Results:Our results demonstrated that SOD2 rs4880, PNPLA3 rs738409 and ABCC1 rs4148350 allele frequency had significantly protective impact whereas the ABCG2rs2231142 variant has risk causing impact with the hepatotoxicity as compared to the non-hepatotoxicity group. The genetic contrast analysis showed that SOD2rs4880 and PNPLA3 rs738409 variants were significantly associated with a recessive model, ABCC1 rs4148350 variant with the dominant model, ABCG2rs2231142 variant have shown no significant association with hepatotoxicity. The polygenetic risk score assessment demonstrated that the cumulative impact of a higher number of variants (4-8) has higher polygenic risk scores among the hepatotoxicity group. The receiver operating curve (ROC) demonstrated that the area under the ROC curve does not show statistical significance (p=0.07, CI= 0.26-0.49), suggesting the absence of bias in the analysis.
Conclusions: In conclusion, our PRS was strongly associated with asparaginase hepatotoxicity in ALL. The PRS provide means to identify those individuals at greater risk of hepatotoxicity and this information will contribute to personalizing treatment in the future
Modeling 4HeN clusters with wave functions based on neural networks
Authors: Freitas William , Vitiello Silvio Antonio , Abreu Bruno 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A recently introduced neural network-based trial wave function, in combination with the variational Monte Carlo method, is applied to clusters of helium atoms of several sizes. Energies of clusters ranging from 11 to 24 atoms are reported in excellent agreement with those of the droplet model obtained with diffusion Monte Carlo. The abilities of neural networks to recognize patterns and relationships from distinct input features are explored, including identifying radial symmetry without explicitly considering it in the network inputs. The relation between data representation and the learning process is investigated, showing that high-quality data representations are critical for the efficient use of neural networks.
Triglyceride Glycemic Index and hearing threshold shifts of adults in the United States: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pan Jia-ying , Chen Yuan , Lin Zhi-he , Lv Bo , Chen Lie , Feng Shao-yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Hearing Loss is a representative human sensory impairment,no studies have paid attention to the correlation between the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index and hearing loss (HL) to date.We conducted this analysis to elucidate the correlation between the Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) index and hearing threshold shifts among US adults.
Methods: Our analysis included 1,226 adults (age range: 20 to 69 years old) from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. TyG index was scored into three quartiles. HL referred to the case of pure-tone average (PTA) ≥ 20 dB at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz in the better ear. Weighted univariate analysis, weighted multivariate linear regression analyses as well as smooth curve fittings evaluated the associations between TyG index and PTA hearing threshold shifts.
Results: TyG index is non-linearly related to speech-frequency and high-frequency PTA,which are inversely associated with the TyG index before reaching the turning point. With the TyG index exceeding the turning point, the speech-frequency and high-frequency PTA show an uptrend as the TyG index elevates.
Conclusion: In our analysis, both very low and very high TyG index levels show a relevance to increased speech-frequency and high-frequency PTA, consequently elevating the risk of HL.