bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional disomy of Xp: Prenatal findings and postnatal outcome
Authors: Kolomietz E. , Godbole K. , Winsor E.J.T. , Stockley T. , Seaward G. , Chitayat D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report on trisomy of the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp11.2 → pter) due to a de novo unbalanced X;13 translocation diagnosed prenatally in a female fetus. Amniocentesis was performed at 20‐weeks' gestation following ultrasound finding of a Dandy–Walker malformation. The trisomy of Xp11.2 → pter was confirmed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using an X chromosome painting probe and telomeric FISH probes specific for the short arm of chromosome X. The karyotype was defined as 46,XX,der(13)t(X;13)(p11.2;p11.2). Molecular analysis suggested that the extra Xp material was of paternal origin. FISH analysis with an XIST probe showed that the derivative chromosome 13 did not include the XIST locus at the X‐inactivation center (XIC). A complex phenotype was seen at birth including macrosomia, facial dysmorphism with preauricular tag, congenital heart defects, and structural brain malformations. Because the derivative chromosome was not subject to X inactivation, functional disomy of Xp11.2 → pter most likely accounts for the abnormal phenotype in this patient. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time image equalization for coronary X‐ray angiography
Authors: Robert Normand , Komljenovic Philip T. , Fort Stephen , Rowlands J.A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCoronary angiograms, which provide detailed images of contrast‐filled coronary arteries, also show other large structures such as the diaphragm, spine and adjacent lung field. A real‐time image processing method to attenuate these unwanted features is presented. Side‐by‐side comparisons of images selected from cine runs before and after processing show that the arteries in the processed images can be visualized more easily due to their higher contrast as other structures are made less prominent. It is also shown experimentally that this method allows more quantitative comparisons of the contrast of vessels in different parts of an image. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of chiral hydroxythiolanes as potential catalysts for asymmetric organozinc additions to carbonyl compounds
Authors: Kiełbasiński Piotr , Albrycht Małgorzata , Mikołajczyk Marian , Wieczorek Michał W. , Majzner Wiesław R. , Filipczak Agnieszka , Ciołkiewicz Piotr 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOptically active 3‐hydroxythiolane was stereospecifically synthesized from L‐aspartic acid and oxidized to give both diastereomeric S‐oxides, which were chromatographically separated and their configuration was determined. Starting from natural (+)‐(R,R)‐tartaric acid, C2‐symmetric trans‐(R,R)‐3,4‐dihydroxythiolane was stereospecifically synthesized for the first time. Some of its monofunctionalized derivatives as well as its S‐oxide were also obtained and characterized. meso‐cis‐3,4‐Dihydroxythiolane was obtained in a similar way from meso‐tartaric acid and subjected to desymmetrization either by a lipase‐promoted acetylation or hydrolysis of the corresponding O,O'‐diacetyl derivative, to give a chiral monoacetate with ee up to 36%. After its oxidation two diastereomeric sulfoxides were obtained which were separated by chromatography. The crystalline one was subjected to X‐ray analysis and its absolute configuration was determined as 1S, 3S, 4R. All the optically active products were checked as potential catalysts for asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. However, they proved to have a very low catalytic activity: yields of the products were in the range 10–90% but ee only up to 10%. A conclusion was drawn that in this type of reaction neither is the hydroxy sulfide (sulfoxide) moiety capable of properly binding diethylzinc, nor does the sulfinyl group exert its normal stereoinduction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:93–222, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20076
SO2‐Extrusion of an 8‐thiabicylo[3.2.1]octa‐2,6‐diene 8,8‐dioxide and rearrangement of the resulting cycloheptatriene
Authors: Takayama Jun , Sugihara Yoshiaki , Nakayama Juzo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe reaction of 3,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐thio‐phene 1‐oxide (8) with tetrachlorocyclopropene provided 6,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,3,4,4‐tetrachloro‐8‐thia‐bicylo[3.2.1]octa‐2,6‐diene 8‐oxide (10), which was oxidized to the corresponding 8,8‐dioxide 16 by m‐chloroperbenzoic acid. The thermolysis of 16 in refluxing chlorobenzene, xylene, or octane gave 5‐tert‐ butyl‐1,2‐dichloro‐3‐[(1,1‐dich‐loro‐2,2‐dimethyl)‐pro‐ pyl]‐benzene (18) with extrusion of SO2 and 2‐tert‐butyl‐4,5,6‐trichloro‐9,9‐dimethylbicyclo[5.2.0]nona‐1,3,5‐triene (19) with extrusion of SO2 and HCl in 73–78% combined yields. On the other hand, the thermolysis of 16 in the presence of triethylamine gave 19 as the sole product in 98% yield. A mechanism that involves the initial formation of 4,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2,7,7‐tetrachlorocycloheptatriene (17) is proposed to ex‐ plain the observed products. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:132–222, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20079
Amino acid derivatives, part 2: Synthesis, antiviral, and antitumor activity of simple protected amino acids functionalized at N‐terminus with naphthalene side chain
Authors: Ali Ibrahim A. I. , Al‐Masoudi Iman A. , Saeed Bahjat , Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , La Colla Palo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCoupling of various acylated amino acid derivatives with (naphthalen‐2‐lyloxy)acetic acid (3) in the presence of 1‐hydroxy‐benzoteriazole (HOBt) and DCC afforded the new amides 6–12. Alternatively, the latter compounds were prepared from reaction of the corresponding hydrazide 5, via the azide‐coupling method, with the acylated amino acid derivatives. Treatment of 6, 10–12 with N2H4ċH2O afforded the hydrazides 13–16, respectively, as key intermediates for the synthesis of peptide derivatives. Reaction of 12, as a acceptor, with the glycosyl‐trichloroimidate 18, as donors in the presence of TMSOTf gave the new glycoside 19. The new compounds were evaluated for their anti‐HIV‐1, antibovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and antitumor activity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:148–222, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20082
A novel transthyretin mutation V32A in a Chinese man with late‐onset amyloid polyneuropathy
Authors: Pica Emmanuel C. , Pramono Zacharias Ad , Verma Kamal K. , San Lai Poh , Chee Yee Woon 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report a Chinese patient with amyloidotic polyneuropathy associated with a novel transthyretin mutation (V32A). He presented with slowly progressive sensorimotor polyneuropathy accompanied by autonomic dysfunction and cardiomyopathy by echocardiography. This mutation is likely to be associated with late onset and low‐penetrance phenotype. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome has a more progressive course in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Wirtz Paul W. , Wintzen Axel R. , Verschuuren Jan J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe studied whether a difference exists in the development of symptoms of the Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) between patients with or without small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We assessed symptoms in 38 LEMS patients, 13 with SCLC, by interviewing them using a structured checklist, backed up by a review of their clinical records, and compared the frequency and time scale of symptoms during the course of LEMS. Bulbar (87%) and autonomic (95%) symptoms for the whole group were more common than reported in the literature. Frequencies of symptoms did not differ significantly between patients with and without SCLC, but symptoms in patients with SCLC appeared within a shorter time‐frame, indicating a more rapid clinical course. The presence of a particular symptom associated with LEMS did not predict the presence of SCLC, but in patients with rapidly progressive LEMS the possibility of underlying lung cancer should be of particular concern. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites: Processing and properties
Authors: Dalmas F. , Chazeau L. , Gauthier C. , Masenelli‐Varlot K. , Dendievel R. , Cavaillé J. Y. , Forró L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNanocomposite materials were prepared with an amorphous poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) latex as a matrix with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as fillers. The microstructure of the related films was observed by transmission electron microscopy, which showed that a good dispersion of MWNTs within the matrix was obtained. The linear and nonlinear mechanical behavior and the electrical properties were analyzed. Mechanical characterization showed a mechanical reinforcement effect of the MWNTs with a relatively small decrease of the elongation at break. The composite materials exhibited an elastic behavior with increasing temperature, although the matrix alone became viscous under the same conditions. The electrical conductivity of the composite filled with 3 vol % MWNTs was studied during a tensile test, which highlighted the late damage of the material. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1186–1197, 2005
An empirical investigation of strategy determinants and choices in manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Fai Pun Kit 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo present the main findings of a comparative study conducted in two selected Chinese cities – Hong Kong and Shanghai – on identifying and prioritising the strategy determinants and choices that govern how manufacturing enterprises compete.Design/methodology/approachAttempts to acquire practitioners' views on strategy formulation efforts, strategy determinants and reactive versus proactive strategy choices in manufacturing enterprises.FindingsBased on the responses obtained from 232 Hong Kong and 85 Shanghai firms, it was found that the majority of respondents considered marketing strengths to be the most important strategy determinant, followed by corporate, operational and technology strengths. Product/service quality and company's reputation were the two leading strategy components that would help gain, attract and retain customers. Many respondents also stressed the importance of management commitment, controlling costs of production/operations, and R&D and innovation capabilities. Despite some exceptions, the hypothesis‐testing results verified that there has been a positive causal relationship between the four strategy determinants and the adoption of reactive and proactive strategies.Originality/valueBy complementing the literature base, the study provides some empirical evidence on identifying and prioritising the strategy determinants and choices for manufacturing business operations in the context of Chinese cities. It also provides a reference for future work in developing strategy‐related paradigms for attaining business excellence in manufacturing enterprises.
Changing product development process through information technology: a Brazilian case
Authors: José Barbin Laurindo Fernando , Monteiro de Carvalho Marly 
Published: March 2005

PurposeAims to discuss the linking of enhanced performance of the new product development process with the increasing use of IT applications, resulting in a competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachUtilises a case study methodology in a manufacturing company in the Brazilian building materials industry.FindingsSome evidence of enhancement of new product development could be found, such as a reduction in both development cycle time and development costs. As regards customer satisfaction, the executive perception of improvement in final product quality could be identified, and finally no relationship could be observed between the effects and the number of new products launched.Originality/valueIT applications are more successful when links with business strategy are stronger. The benefits of IT strategic alignment occurred after the critical success factor method was adopted in both IT and new product development processes.
Azithromycin Exhibits Bactericidal Effects on
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
through Interaction with the Outer Membrane
Authors: Imamura Yoshifumi , Higashiyama Yasuhito , Tomono Kazunori , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Ohno Hideaki , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Hirakata Yoichi , Mizuta Yohei , Kadota Jun-ichi , Iglewski Barbara H. , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin on
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. We studied the susceptibility to azithromycin in
P. aeruginosa
PAO1 using a killing assay. PAO1 cells at the exponential growth phase were resistant to azithromycin. In contrast, PAO1 cells at the stationary growth phase were sensitive to azithromycin. The divalent cations Mg
2+
and Ca
2+
inhibited this activity, suggesting that the action of azithromycin is mediated by interaction with the outer membranes of the cells, since the divalent cations exist between adjacent lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and stabilize the outer membrane. The divalent cation chelator EDTA behaved in a manner resembling that of azithromycin; EDTA killed more PAO1 in the stationary growth phase than in the exponential growth phase. A 1-
N
-phenylnaphthylamine assay showed that azithromycin interacted with the outer membrane of
P. aeruginosa
PAO1 and increased its permeability while Mg
2+
and Ca
2+
antagonized this action. Our results indicate that azithromycin directly interacts with the outer membrane of
P. aeruginosa
PAO1 by displacement of divalent cations from their binding sites on LPS. This action explains, at least in part, the effectiveness of sub-MICs of macrolide antibiotics in pseudomonal chronic airway infection.
Phototargeting Oral Black-Pigmented Bacteria
Authors: Soukos Nikolaos S. , Som Sovanda , Abernethy Abraham D. , Ruggiero Karriann , Dunham Joshua , Lee Chul , Doukas Apostolos G. , Goodson J. Max 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

We have found that broadband light (380 to 520 nm) rapidly and selectively kills oral black-pigmented bacteria (BPB) in pure cultures and in dental plaque samples obtained from human subjects with chronic periodontitis. We hypothesize that this killing effect is a result of light excitation of their endogenous porphyrins. Cultures of
Prevotella intermedia
and
P
.
nigrescens
were killed by 4.2 J/cm
2
, whereas
P
.
melaninogenica
required 21 J/cm
2
. Exposure to light with a fluence of 42 J/cm
2
produced 99% killing of
P. gingivalis
. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the presence of various amounts of different porphyrin molecules in BPB. The amounts of endogenous porphyrin in BPB were 267 (
P
.
intermedia
), 47 (
P
.
nigrescens
), 41 (
P
.
melaninogenica
), and 2.2 (
P
.
gingivalis
) ng/mg. Analysis of bacteria in dental plaque samples by DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 taxa before and after phototherapy showed that the growth of the four BPB was decreased by 2 and 3 times after irradiation at energy fluences of 4.2 and 21 J/cm
2
, respectively, whereas the growth of the remaining 36 microorganisms was decreased by 1.5 times at both energy fluences. The present study suggests that intraoral light exposure may be used to control BPB growth and possibly benefit patients with periodontal disease.
Differential Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines in Human Monocytes Induced by Lipid Formulations of Amphotericin B
Authors: Simitsopoulou M. , Roilides E. , Dotis J. , Dalakiouridou M. , Dudkova F. , Andreadou E. , Walsh T. J. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTThe immunomodulatory effects of liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), and amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) on mRNA and protein profiles of five cytokines and chemokines expressed by human monocyte-enriched mononuclear leukocytes (MNCs) were comprehensively evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; they were compared to those of deoxycholate amphotericin B (DAMB). mRNAs of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) were assessed after treatment of MNCs with each drug for 0.5, 2, 6, and 22 h. The cytokine protein profiles were obtained after incubation of MNCs with the drugs for 2 h (TNF-α) or 6 h (all the others). In the mRNA studies, DAMB resulted in an early increase of inflammatory cytokines or chemokines IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, and MIP-1β (2 to 6 h) and in a late increase of anti-inflammatory IL-1ra (22 h). ABCD showed a general similar trend of inflammatory gene up-regulation. LAMB and ABLC decreased or did not affect IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas ABLC additionally decreased MIP-1β. In protein measurement studies, DAMB and ABCD up-regulated production of IL-1β (P< 0.05), decreased the IL-1ra/IL-1β ratio, and up-regulated the production of MCP-1 and MIP-1β. In comparison, LAMB and ABLC down-regulated or did not affect the production of these cytokines/chemokines compared to untreated MNCs; furthermore, ABLC tended to increase the IL-1ra/IL-1β ratio. These studies demonstrate that amphotericin B formulations differentially affect gene expression and release of an array of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that potentially may explain the differences in infusion-related reactions and dose-dependent nephrotoxicity as well as modulation of the host immune response to invasive fungal infections.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Macrolide Derivatives against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Falzari Kanakeshwari , Zhu Zhaohai , Pan Dahua , Liu Huiwen , Hongmanee Poonpilas , Franzblau Scott G. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Existing macrolides have never shown definitive clinical efficacy in tuberculosis. Recent reports suggest that ribosome methylation is involved in macrolide resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, a mechanism that newer macrolides have been designed to overcome in gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, selected macrolides and ketolides (descladinose) with substitutions at positions 9, 11,12, and 6 were assessed for activity against
M. tuberculosis
, and those with MICs of ≤4 μM were evaluated for cytotoxicity to Vero cells and J774A.1 macrophages. Several compounds with 9-oxime substitutions or aryl substitutions at position 6 or on 11,12 carbamates or carbazates demonstrated submicromolar MICs. For the three macrolide-ketolide pairs, macrolides demonstrated superior activity. Four compounds with low MICs and low cytotoxicity also effected significant reductions in CFU in infected macrophages. Active compounds were assessed for tolerance and the ability to reduce CFU in the lungs of BALB/c mice in an aerosol infection model. A substituted 11,12 carbazate macrolide demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of
M. tuberculosis
growth in mice, with a 10- to 20-fold reduction of CFU in lung tissue. Structure-activity relationships, some of which are unique to
M. tuberculosis
, suggest several synthetic directions for further improvement of antituberculosis activity. This class appears promising for yielding a clinically useful agent for tuberculosis.
Molecular Analysis of Isoniazid-Resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isolates from England and Wales Reveals the Phylogenetic Significance of the
ahpC
−46A Polymorphism
Authors: Baker L. V. , Brown T. J. , Maxwell O. , Gibson A. L. , Fang Z. , Yates M. D. , Drobniewski F. A. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the prevalence and diagnostic potential of the most commonly reported mutations associated with isoniazid resistance,
katG
315Thr,
katG
315Asn,
inhA
−15T,
inhA
−8A, and the
oxyR
-
ahpC
intergenic region, in a population sample of 202 isoniazid-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates and 176 randomly selected fully sensitive isolates from England and Wales identified by using a directed oligonucleotide array and limited DNA sequencing. The strains were recovered from patients originating from 29 countries; 41 isolates were multidrug resistant. Mutations affecting
katG
315, the
inhA
promoter, and the
oxyR
-
ahpC
intergenic region were found in 62.7, 21.9, and 30% of 169 genotypically distinct isoniazid-resistant isolates, respectively, whereas they were found in 0, 0, and 8% of susceptible strains, respectively. The frequency of mutation at each locus was unrelated to the resistance profile or previous antituberculous drug therapy. The commonest mutation in the
oxyR
-
ahpC
intergenic region,
ahpC
−46A, was present in 23.7% of isoniazid-resistant isolates and 7.5% of susceptible isolates. This proved to be a phylogenetic marker for a subgroup of
M. tuberculosis
strains originating on the Indian subcontinent, which shared IS
6110
-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotype features with the Delhi strain and Central Asian strain CAS1; and this marker is strongly associated with isoniazid resistance and the
katG
315Thr mutation. In total, 82.8% of unrelated isoniazid-resistant isolates could be identified by analysis of just two loci:
katG
315 and the
inhA
promoter. Analysis of the
oxyR
-
ahpC
intergenic region, although phylogenetically interesting, does not contribute significantly to further identification of isoniazid-resistant isolates.
Effect of Mupirocin Treatment on Nasal, Pharyngeal, and Perineal Carriage of
Staphylococcus aureus
in Healthy Adults
Authors: Wertheim Heiman F. L. , Verveer Jeroen , Boelens Hélène A. M. , van Belkum Alex , Verbrugh Henri A. , Vos Magreet C. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Nasal carriage of
Staphylococcus aureus
is an important risk factor for
S. aureus
infections. Mupirocin nasal ointment is presently the treatment of choice for decolonizing the anterior nares. However, recent clinical trials show limited benefit from mupirocin prophylaxis in preventing nosocomial
S. aureus
infections, probably due to (re)colonization from extranasal carriage sites. Therefore, we studied the effectiveness of mupirocin nasal ointment treatment on the dynamics of
S. aureus
nasal and extranasal carriage. Twenty noncarriers, 26 intermittent carriers, and 16 persistent carriers had nasal, throat, and perineum samples taken 1 day before and 5 weeks after mupirocin treatment (twice daily for 5 days) and assessed for growth of
S. aureus
. The identities of cultured strains were assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the coagulase and protein A genes. The overall carriage rate (either nasal, pharyngeal, or perineal carrier or a combination) was significantly reduced after mupirocin treatment from 30 to 17 carriers (
P
= 0.003). Of the 17 carriers, 10 (60%) were still colonized with their old strain, 6 (35%) were colonized with an exogenous strain, and 1 (5%) was colonized with both. Two noncarriers became carriers after treatment. The acquisition of exogenous strains after mupirocin treatment is a common phenomenon. The finding warrants the use of mupirocin only in proven carriers for decolonization purposes. Mupirocin is effective overall in decolonizing nasal carriers but less effective in decolonizing extranasal sites.