bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endohedrally Metal-Doped Heterofullerenes: La@C81N and La2@C79N
Authors: Akasaka Takeshi , Okubo Shingo , Wakahara Takatsugu , Yamamoto Kazunori , Kobayashi Kaoru , Nagase Shigeru , Kato Tatsuhisa , Kako Masahiro , Nakadaira Yasuhiro , Kitayama Yoshie , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The first evidence of the gas-phase formation of endohedrally La-doped azafullerene ions La@C81N+ and La2@C79N+ was obtained by the fast atom bombardment mass (FABMS) fragmentation of the adducts, La@C82(NCH2Ph) and La2@C80(NCH2Ph).
Chemoselective Activation of Aldimine in Preference to Aldehyde by the Combination of BF3•OEt2 and Water: Novel Catalyst for the Mannich-type Reaction
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Takaya Jun , Kagoshima Hirotaka 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Reported herein are that catalytic amount of conventional Lewis acids activated aldimines in preference to aldehydes, and addition of water to BF3•OEt2 accelerated the Mannich-type reaction significantly to afford β-amino carbonyl compounds in high yields.
Metallo-Supramolecular Fullerene Architectures: Synthesis and Characterization of Bucky Ligands and a Non-Covalent Dimer
Authors: Schubert Ulrich S , Weidl Christian H , Rapta Peter , Harth Eva , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Two novel bidentate 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands in which the heterocyclic system is attached to o-quinodimethane functionalized [60]fullerene units with variable spacers were obtained. A first supramolecular non-covalent dimer was prepared using copper(I) ions and characterized by FD mass spectrometry, cyclovoltammetry and ESR.
Diethylaluminum Ethoxide Mediated Crossed Aldol Reaction of Enol Esters with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Shibata Jun , Shimamura Tadashi , Shiina Isamu 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Crossed aldol reaction of enol esters, stable carbon nucleophiles, with carbonyl compounds is effectively performed by the promotion of diethylaluminum ethoxide under mild conditions. This reaction is applicable not only to simple enol esters but also to lactones such as α-angelicalactone.
Synthesis and Ligand Exchange Control of Ru(η2-C2H3YPh)(cod)(depe) (Y = O, S)
Authors: Planas Jose Giner , Hirano Masafumi , Komiya Sanshiro 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Reaction of Ru(cod)(cot) (1) [cod: 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cot: 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene] with phenyl vinyl sulfide or ether in the presence of depe [1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane] gives the new complexes Ru(η2-C2H3YPh)(cod)(depe) [Y = S (2), O (3)]. Upon reaction with PMe3, selective ligand exchange of PhOC2H3 takes place exclusively in 3 to give Ru(cod)(depe)(PMe3) (4), whereas 2 gives exchange reaction of either PhSC2H3 or cod giving 4 or Ru(η2-C2H3SPh)(PMe3)2(depe) (5).
Complexing Behavior of New Naphthalene Derivatives Having Amide Groups as Fluorescent Chemosensors for Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions
Authors: Kawakami Jun , Fukushi Atsuo , Ito Shoei 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
New naphthalene derivatives (1NSN, 1NLN, 1NE and 1NcrownN) as fluorescent chemosensors for metal ions using excimer emission were synthesized. We investigated the metal ion recognition of 1NSN, 1NLN, 1NE and 1NcrownN. Large changes in the fluorescence spectra of not only 1NSN and 1NLN but also 1NE were observed with the addition of magnesium ion. However, changes in the fluorescence spectra of 1NcrownN were not observed with the addition of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions.
Brominated-trihalomethane Formation from Phenolic Derivatives as a Model of Humic Materials by the Reaction with Hypochlorite and Hypobromite Ions
Authors: Ichihashi Keiko , Teranishi Kiyoshi , Ichimura Akio 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Among the 21 phenolic derivatives tested for the model system of the disinfection process in the natural water containing humic acid, 2-hydroxytoluene and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid produced high yields of CHBr3 under the co-existence of NaOCl and NaOBr. In the study of distribution of THMs produced, the amount of CHBr3 increased with the relative concentration of NaOCl added to NaOBr. These results were similar to the case of halogenation of the humic acid under the co-existence of NaOCl and NaOBr.
Ultraviolet Luminescence of Rb4Ta6O17 with a Layered Structure
Authors: Kudo Akihiko , Shibata Tatsuo , Kato Hideki 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Rb4Ta6O17 with a layered structure showed ultraviolet emission around 340 nm by photoexcitation at 270 nm. The ultraviolet emission was observed even at room temperature. The luminescent properties of Rb4Ta6O17 were compared with those of K4Nb6O17 with the similar layered structure and other tantalates. The Stokes shift was smaller than that of other tantalate phosphors. The excitation energy in Rb4Ta6O17 was delocalized more or less.
Multiple Arylation of Phenols around the Oxygen under Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiki , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro , Nomura Masakatsu 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Phenols undergo pentaarylation around the oxygen upon a single treatment with excess aryl bromides in the presence of a palladium catalyst system to produce 2-(1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)-6-(1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl-2′-yl)phenol derivatives.
Dihydroxylation of Naphthalene by Molecular Oxygen and Water Using TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Jia Jianguang , Ohno Teruhisa , Masaki Yuji , Matsumura Michio 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
TiO2-catalyzed photo-reaction of naphthalene was investigated in mixed solutions of acetonitrile and water. The main products were confirmed to be 1,8- and 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, without any 1- or 2-naphthol being detected. Both O2 and H2O were essential to yield the products. The quantum efficiency of the 1,8- and 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene products reached about 10% at 365 nm after irradiated for 1 h.
Novel Photochromic Dye Based on Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Arai Tatsuo , Ikegami Masashi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
2-(2-Pyrrolylmethylidene)indolin-3-one (2) exhibited color change from reddish orange to greenish yellow giving the E isomer composition from 99% to 15% on irradiation at 366 nm and 546 nm, respectively.
The Size-dependent Property of 1,3,5-Triphenyl-2-pyrazoline Microcrystals
Authors: Fu Hong-Bing , Ji Xue-Hai , Yao Jian-Nian 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
1,3,5-Triphenyl-2-pyrazoline microcrystals with different sizes from 300 nm to 30 nm were prepared by the reprecipitation method and their absorption peak was found to shift to higher energy side with decreasing crystal size due to size effect and J-aggregate effect.
Preparation and Immobilization of 6-Amino-2,3-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline. New Fluorescent Chemosensory Materials for Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Kanbara Takaki , Takakusagi Hitoshi , Kagaya Shigehiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
6-Amino-2,3-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline and its derivatives were synthesized and immobilized to polymer support, and the interaction with metal ions was examined. The spectroscopic data predict promising chemosensory materials.
Intercalation of Nickel Hydroxide into Large Crystal of Vermiculite
Authors: Uehara Motoki , Yamazaki Atsushi , Omori Soichi , Umezawa Taku , Tsutsumi Sadao , Takahashi Koichiro 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Vermiculite of centimeter size was treated with a nickel nitrate solution under hydrothermal condition. A complex intercalated with nickel hydroxide was produced at the part within 100 μm from the edge and 10 μm from the surface under the conditions of 250 °C for 100 h. In the inner regions, nickel hydroxide was intercalated in the layers having no fixed K, but not intercalated in the region having fixed K.
An Investigation of Increase of Sorption of Strontium with the Exchange of Lithium on Montmorillonite
Authors: Dutta Niranjan Chandra , Iwasaki Takashi , Onodera Yoshio , Hayashi Hiromichi , Nagase Takako 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Sorption of Sr2+ ions on Na-montmorillonite was carried out in Sr2+ ions and in binary solutions of Sr2+ and Li+ ions at 220 °C for 24 h under hydrothermal condition. Sorption of Sr2+ ions was found to be substantially increased by the assistance of Li+ ions. FT-IR spectra revealed that migration of Li+ ions in the hexagonal hole of montmorillonite and subsequent exchange with Sr2+ ions affected OH-stretching bands caused an increase of Sr-sorption.
Imaging of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Activities of a Single Algal Protoplast by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Kaya Takatoshi , Matsue Tomokazu 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) based on the reduction current for oxygen was used for imaging of respiratory and photosynthetic activities of single, living protoplasts. In the dark, the image of the protoplast appeared as a spot with lower oxygen concentration due to consumption of oxygen by respiration. Under light irradiation, the protoplast appeared as the opposite image because it generated oxygen by photosynthesis. SECM images clearly displayed a decrease in photosynthetic activity of the protoplast injected with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), a photosynthetic inhibitor.
Redox Reaction of Defect Species in ZnO Modified with Cu2+
Authors: Sugawara Michio , Noda Takafumi , Ebina Hiroshi , Koitabashi Takao 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The ZnO modified with Cu2+ were prepared and characterized by ESR. The novel redox reaction in ZnO bulk was observed from the time course of ESR signal intensities of defect species and Cu2+ in the Cu2+-modified ZnO.
Oxygenation of Saturated Hydrocarbyl Groups in the Dinuclear Ni(III) Bis(μ-oxo) Complexes with the Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands TpR (R = Me3 and Pri2)
Authors: Hikichi Shiro , Yoshizawa Michito , Sasakura Yasuyuki , Komatsuzaki Hidehito , Akita Munetaka , Moro-oka Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Intramolecular oxygenation of the Me and Pri substituents of TpR to give the carboxylate (–CO2−) and enolate (–CMe=CHO−) groups, respectively, is mediated by the Ni(III)2-bis(μ-oxo) complexes in the presence of an excess amount of H2O2.
Direct Visualization of DNA Decondensation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Sun Xueguang , Cao En-hua , Liu Maozi , Bai Chunli 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Lambda DNA/Hind III solution in the presence of cations was gradually diluted into four different concentration, namely 50, 25, 10, 1 ng/μl. The morphology change during this process was observed by atomic force microscopy. Images reveal that at the highest concentration, a flower-like structure with multiple loops crossing at the same point was exhibited on mica. Following it are some irregularly planer “layers” accompanied by occasional toroids. When DNA concentration was diluted to 10 ng/μl, a large complex network structure appeared, which was eventually replaced by the extended and isolated DNA molecules at 1 ng/μl. This structural transition may be helpful for us to understand the molecular mechanism of DNA decondensation.
Bistable Charge-Transfer Complex Formation in the TCNE-Biphenylene System Based on the Intermolecular HOMO-LUMO Interaction in the Neutral and Dianionic Redox States of TCNE
Authors: Uno Bunji , Okumura Noriko 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the tetracyanoethylene dianion (TCNE2−) forms the charge-transfer complex with biphenylene (BP), caused by the favorable intermolecular HOMO–LUMO interaction. The TCNE–BP system involving the bistable charge-transfer (CT) complex formation modulated by redox reactions of TCNE is characterized by the geometrical properties and the trichromic change.
Photooxygenation of Chromone-2-carboxylic Acid: Identification of Ketohydroperoxide Using a Chemiluminescence Technique
Authors: Kawata Hiroki , Kumagai Tsutomu , Niizuma Shigeya 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Irradiation of chromone-2-carboxylic acid in aerated ethanol solution gives 4-hydroxycoumarine with the quantum yield of 0.02. The reaction proceeds via the decarboxylation followed by the addition of the oxygen molecule. Chemiluminescence measuring was successfully applied to detect the ketohydroperoxide intermediate in the photoreaction.
Bis(thioxo-diethylthiotetrathiafulvalenyl)ylidene, a New Donor Molecule with High Electron-Donating Ability Comparable to Tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Ueda Kazumasa , Kamata Yutaka , Kominami Tsuyoshi , Iwamatsu Masaki , Sugimoto Toyonari 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A new donor molecule, bis(thioxo-diethylthiotetrathiafulvalenyl)ylidene (1) was obtained by the iodine oxidation of bis(tetraethylammonium) bis(2,3-diethylthiotetrathiafulvalenyl-6,7-dithiolato) zinc complex (3). The molecular skeleton of 1 except for the four ethyl groups is almost planar and significant intramolecular S-S contact is present. The redox process of 1 is composed of four electron-transfer steps, of which the first step has almost the same redox potential (+0.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl) to that of tetrakis(ethylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (TET-TTF). Very interestingly, 1 exhibited longest-wavelength electronic absorptions near 1100 nm.
Functional Regulation of Myoglobin by Iron Corrphycene
Authors: Neya Saburo , Funasaki Noriaki , Hori Hiroshi , Imai Kiyohiro , Nagatomo Shigenori , Iwase Tadashi , Yonetani Takashi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Iron corrphycene, a novel isomeric heme, was incorporated into myoglobin to examine the influence of heme deformation on the function. The reconstituted protein, although functionally active, exhibits extremely lower affinities for O2 and CO as compared with the native protein. The functional anomaly was explained in terms of modified iron reactivity in the trapezoidal coordination core.
High Yield Methanol Formation in a CH4-O2-NO2 Gaseous Selective Oxidation at 1 atm
Authors: Teng Yonghong , Ouyang Feng , Dai Lianxin , Karasuda Takashi , Sakurai Hiroaki , Tabata Kenji , Suzuki Eiji 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Methanol and formaldehyde except for carbon oxides, nitromethane, and formic acid were obtained with high selectivities at 808K under 1 atm in a gaseous reaction of 55.6CH4-27.7O2-0.5NO2-16.2He. Selectivities to methanol and formaldehyde were 27.3% and 24.5% at the level of 10% methane conversion, respectively. The reaction route to methanol formation was addressed.
A Novel Ion Exchange Method to Modify Mesoporpous Molecular Sieve Al-FSM-16 by Cobalt-Complex
Authors: Chen Hui , Matsumoto Akihiko , Nishimiya Nobuyuki , Tsutsumi Kazuo 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A novel ion exchange method of modifying mesoporous material, Al-FSM-16, has been found and applied to preparation of functional Al-FSM-16 containing Co-Salen inside the pores. The method is characterized in that the Co2+ ion exchange, which is followed by chelation with Salen H2, is performed in a nonaqueous glacial acetic acid solution of cobalt(II) acetate. The lattice regularity and pore structure of Al-FSM-16 are retained through the modification as evidenced by XRD, TEM and N2 adsorption measurements at 77 K. This non-destructive modification method is significant, since conventional ion exchange methods using aqueous solutions always cause severe damages to the framework structure of Al-FSM-16.
Microwave Induced an Efficient Synthesis of Alcohols via Cross-Cannizzaro Reaction
Authors: Thakuria Julfikar Ali , Baruah Mukulesh , Sandhu Jagir Singh 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Aromatic aldehydes 1 are converted to alcohols 2 by cross-Cannizzaro reactions under microwave irradiations in dry media within 20-25 sec. in excellent yields.
Studies on the Formation and Structure of Highly Dispersed PdO Interacted with Brønsted Acid Sites on Zeolite by EXAFS
Authors: Okumura Kazu , Amano Jiro , Niwa Miki 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The degree of the dispersion of PdO was highly dependent on the Al content of HZSM-5. This is due to the strong interaction between Brønsted acid sites and PdO as demonstrated by the reversible transformation from aggregated metal Pd to highly dispersed PdO upon the successive reduction and oxidation treatments. The role of Brønsted acid sites was considered to keep the dispersed state of PdO.
Preparation and Characteristic Properties of 1,4-Bis(3-guaiazulenylmethylium)benzene Bishexafluorophosphate
Authors: Takekuma Shin-ichi , Sasaki Masato , Takekuma Hideko , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Reaction of guaiazulene (1) with a 0.5 molar amount of terephthalaldehyde in acetic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid at 25 °C for 10 min under aerobic conditions selectively affords 1,4-bis(3-guaiazulenylmethylium)benzene dichloride (2), which upon treatment with hexafluorophosphoric acid quantitatively forms the title bishexafluorophosphate 3 as stable crystals.
Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Tosylates and Bromides with Grignard Reagents in the Presence of 1,3-Butadiene
Authors: Terao Jun , Naitoh Yoshitaka , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A new method for cross-coupling reaction of alkyl tosylates and bromides with Grignard reagents has been developed by the use of Pd(acac)2 or PdCl2 as the catalyst. Addition of 1,3-butadiene is essential to afford good yields of coupling products. This reaction proceeds efficiently at room temperature using primary and secondary alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents.
Extraordinarily High Thermal Stability of the Closed-ring Isomer of 1,2-Bis(5-methyl-2-phenylthiazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Takami Shizuka , Kobatake Seiya , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Irie Masahiro 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The closed-ring isomer of 1,2-bis(5-methyl-2-phenylthiazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentene 1b was found to be extraordinarily thermally stable (t1/2 = 4.7 × 105 years at 30 °C), while the photochemical cycloreversion efficiency is similar to the dithienylethene closed-ring isomer of 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-phenylthiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene 2b.
Analytical Performance of Capillary Electrophoretic System with UV/CL or FL/CL Dual Detector
Authors: Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Sawanoi Kaori , Kamekawa Masayuki , Nakajima Riichiro 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
The capillary electrophoretic system with UV/CL or FL/CL dual detector was developed, taking advantage of the batch-type CL detection cell and the CL reaction of luminol-hydrogen peroxide or the flow-type CL detection cell and the CL reaction of peroxyoxalate–hydrogen peroxide. In each system, the UV or FL detection was carried out with on-capillary, followed by the CL detection with end-capillary. These systems could offer easily, rapidly, and simultaneously informations due to absorption and CL as well as those of FL and CL, respectively.
Radical-mediated Carbonylation of Alkyl Iodides in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sugiura Masaharu , Hagio Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
Radical-mediated single carbonylation of alkyl iodides furnishing carboxylic acids proceeded in water using phosphinic acid as a radical initiator in the presence of a surfactant (CTAB). On the other hand, formation of double carbonylation product (α-keto carboxylic acid) along with single carbonylation product was observed for the first time, when the reaction was carried out in aqueous ethanol without any surfactants.
A New Method for α-Selective Glycosylation Using a Donor, Glycosyl Methyldiphenylphosphonium Iodide, without Any Assistance of Acid Promoters
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kobashi Yohei , Shintou Taichi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A mild and highly α-selective glycosylation of several glycosyl acceptors was performed with an in situ formed glycosyl donor, benzyl-protected glycosyl methyldiphenylphosphonium iodide, to afford the corresponding α-disaccharides in high yields in CH2Cl2 at room temperature without any assistance of acid promoters.
Origin of Ferromagnetic Coupling in a Dicyanamide-bridged One-dimensional Cu(II) Complex
Authors: Kou Hui-Zhong , He Yi 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A dicyanamide-bridged 1D chain complex has been characterized structurally and magnetically. The Cu(II) ion exhibits a distorted trigonal bipyramidal (tbp) geommetry with the axial positions ocuppied by the benzimidazole nitrogen atom and the unidentate dca nitrogen atom. The ferromagnetic nature of the complex has been assigned to be due to the π–π contacts rather than the μ-1,5 dca bridges.
Novel Indigo Light Emitting Long-lasting Phosphors CdSiO3: RE3+(RE = Y, La, Gd, Lu)
Authors: Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang , Ye Zeren , Shi Chunshan 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A series of novel indigo light emitting long-lasting phosphors CdSiO3: RE3+ (RE = Y, La, Gd, Lu) was prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state method. The XRD, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and afterglow intensity decay were used to characterize the synthesized phosphors. These phosphors emitted indigo light and showed long-lasting phosphorescence. The phosphorescence can be seen with the naked eye in the dark clearly even after the 254-nm UV irradiation have been removed for more than 30 min.
Preparation of Heteronuclear La2Cu(C4O4)4(H2O)16·2H2O Complex and its Thermal Decomposition into Single Phase La2CuO4
Authors: Shimamoto Youichi , Aono Hiromichi , Kondo Nobuyuki , Kurihara Masato , Sakamoto Masatomi , Sadaoka Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
A heteronuclear complex, La2Cu(C4O4)4(H2O)16·2H2O, was synthesized and its thermal decomposition products were studied. Results of chemical analysis and TGA agreed with theoretical values for La2Cu(C4O4)4(H2O)16·2H2O complex. The La2CuO4 single phase having ca. 100 nm in crystal size was obtained by the thermal decomposition at 700 °C for 1 h.
Prospective evaluation of internal hospital requests for consultation of an Otolaryngology department
Authors: de Casso Carmen , Rapado Fernando , Zarod Andrew 
Published: September 2003

This was a prospective study and analysis of the clinical nature and severity of consultation, patient age and sex, place of consultation, grade of attending doctor and management strategy of in-patients referred for a specialist opinion to a Department of Otolaryngology.Internal requests for consultation were evaluated at the North Manchester General Hospital between October 1999 and August 2000 (n=101).Patients referred to the Otolaryngology department were of a varied clinical nature with head and neck complaints being the largest group. Forty-six of the patients had minor complaints.Patients were found to be predominantly male and older than 50 years of age. The grade of attending doctor was predominantly a Specialist Registrar and the management strategy was most frequently conservative.Many of the requests for consultation were regarding minor problems that could be referred to a routine out-patient clinic. There is a need to improve the indication criteria for internalconsultation, as well as the information provided in them.
Antrolithiasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Nass Duce Meltem , Talas Derya Ümit , Özer Caner , Yildiz Altan , Apaydin F. Demir , Özgür Anil 
Published: September 2003

In this retrospective study, the computed tomography (CT) archives of paranasal sinus examinations were reviewed and three cases of antroliths are presented. The archivesof paranasal sinus CT studies of 1957 patients (1023 females, 934 males, mean age 36.5 years) were surveyed. CT studies were performed using 3 mm collimation and interval in the coronal, axial or both coronal and axial planes.Three out of 1957 patients demonstrated antroliths, all in the left maxillary sinus. Associated sinusitis was detected in all three patients. Only one patient was operated. The chemical analysis of the antrolith revealed it to be a calcium oxalate stone. All the relevant literatureis reviewed and only 25 other cases of true antrolithiasis were encountered. The clinical and radiological features of antroliths,as well as differential diagnosis were discussed.Antrolithiasis should be considered in any case of sinusitis, that does not respond to appropriate medical therapy.