bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The condition of chemical properties in the soil on the liquefied land in Jono Oge Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Monde A , Somba B E , Rahman A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Liquefaction is an event in which the soil loses shear strength due to increased pore water stress by the presence of cyclic loading. As a result of this incident, a number of paddy fields and housing estates in Jono Oge village experienced liquefaction. There is mud vomiting and the movement of a number of soils, causing eroded areas and some of them experiencing hoarding Research aims to identify the chemical properties of soils affected by liquefaction. The study was conducted using the survey method, soil sampling was carried out by purposive sampling. Soil samples were taken on three categories of affected land: eroded land, landfilled land, and surrounding land that was not liquefied. The results showed that the areas affected by liquefaction in the three categories of land had a soil pH relative to the same criteria, namely neutral (pH 6.52-6.77). Then C-organic levels in both eroded and hoarding fields are moderate status (2.50-2.70%) and in non-liquefied lands is low status (1.52%), while N-Total all three have low status (0.12-0.19%). Sodium content is generally medium status (0.41-0.60 me/100g), Calcium is generally high status (11.88-13.42 me/100g) and Magnesium is generally moderately. This research was conducted after more than 2 years of liquefaction and the most affected soil chemical properties in the respected area is the increasing of C-organic content.
Health status assessment of Maleo Bird (Macrocephalon maleo) nesting ground at Kadidia Village, Lore Lindu National Park
Authors: Mallombasang Sri Ningsih , Mallo Ikhsan Nur , Sudhartono Arief , Reinaldi  , Ramlah St 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
IUCN categorizes Maleo Bird (Macrocephalon maleo) as an endemic and endangered species meaning that the species is facing a high risk of extinction soon. One of the critical aspects determining the species^ existence is its habitat. The endangered species habitat not only plays a vital role in the species^ survival but also in its to reproduce. The research method used was the modified Environmental Health Index Determination developed. The research was at Kadidia Village, Lore Lindu National Park. The research aims to determine the habitat’s health status by identifying its Health Index. The research method used is a site survey by applying direct observation to habitat components, including conditions, species, and related socio-economic aspects. Variables measured are excellent, good, moderate and poor. The results showed that the health index of the habitat (nesting ground) is moderate/fair, with a Health Index of 0.55. Therefore, regular monitoring and conservation action should ensure that the habitat is adequately managed and conserved.
Agriculture land resources protection through strategic environmental assessment: Case study in Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi-Indonesia
Authors: Rahmatu R , Sangadji M N , Lakani I , Mozin S , Hauris  , Putalan R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Linking development activities with the conservation of food land resources has become a very important issue in sustainable development. However, the facts show that the damage or loss of food land resources continues even at an increasing rate. This trend is further exacerbated by policies on land conversion and over-exploitation of natural resources, as well as the absence of information on the importance of the land. Consequently, there will be changes in the ecosystem and the optimal function of the land. Protection of food and land resources must start with policy-making and be followed by development program planning. The problem of this research is how the conversion of agricultural land into residential areas and shrimp pond areas in Parigi Moutong Regency, describes how the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as an instrument of protection of agricultural land resources in Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi. Agricultural land resources are one of the important aspects of the food security program that should be considered in SEA. The development of urban centers or expansion of settlements and large-scale land clearing for plantations or mining often harm food land resources. Therefore, development plans and programs must be properly designed through prediction, evaluation, and mitigation of possible negative impacts. This research found that the involvement of stakeholders such as; local government, council members, academics, businesses, and NGOs as well as the community can generate some issues and strategies related to the loss or damage of agricultural land resources due to development activities and design alternative recommendations for improvement in Parigi Moutong District.
Three dimensions of ecological intelligence: cognitive, behaviour and technology
Authors: Wulan Sandra , Naping Hamka , Darhamsyah  , Rasul Azri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Humans naturally recognize and respond to environmental changes, known as ecological intelligence. The discussion on ecological intelligence started in the early 19th century and is still at the conceptualization stage. Several researchers have defined ecological intelligence based on its characteristics and assessment scale. Currently, the discussion of ecological intelligence is considered too general and broad, which can lead to a wide range of perceptions. This literature study review aims to classify ecological intelligence into several dimensions to make it easier to understand the concept of ecological intelligence today and its future development. The literature review above shows that ecological intelligence can be categorized into 3 (three) dimensions, namely cognitive, behavioural and technological, so ecological intelligence can be understood based on basic human mental abilities, actions and reactions and decision selection in determining appropriate technology.
Physicochemical test of leucaena leucocephala pellets using various types of adhesives
Authors: Syamsuddin  , Kurniawan W , Syaikrullah M , Munadi L O M , Pagala M A , Zulkarnain D , Badaruddin R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Forage availability is a problem in developing sustainable livestock farming for ruminants in Indonesia. The availability of forage is influenced by several factors, one of which is the availability of land for fodder crop cultivation. The study aimed to test the physicochemistry of Leucaena leucocephala pellets using various types of adhesives originating from local raw materials in the form of tapioca flour, corn flour, sago flour, and commercial adhesives which were carried out for 1 month, namely August 2022 at the Animal Feed Analysis Unit Laboratory, Unit Laboratory Feed Manufacturing, and Transportation Engineering System Laboratory, Halu Oleo University. The results of the study showed that the use of various types of adhesives on the physical and chemical qualities of Leucaena leucocephala forage pellets had a significant effect on the value of pellet durability index, specific gravity, crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter. In contrast, the density value did not show a significant effect. The best results were found using a 3% sago flour adhesive with a Pellet durability index value of 86.71% and a specific gravity of 1.27 g/ml. The adhesive that can improve the chemical quality of Leucaena leucocephala pellets uses 3% corn flour adhesive, which produces a crude protein content of 24.92%. The highest dry material and organic ingredients values are obtained using 3% Tapioca flour adhesive with values of 95.73% and 88.04%.
The effect of sodium trimetaphosphate on the physical and functional characteristics of banggai yam starch
Authors: Chaniago R , Hasanuddin A , Kadir S , Muhardi  , Rahim A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Banggai yam starch as well as other types of starch is known to have physical and functional properties which cause the use of starch in the limited reliability industry. Therefore, it is necessary to improve physical properties by modifying the proud yam starch by phosphorylation. Research to determine the sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) concentration wich gives the best tendency in the modification of proud yam starch by phosphorylation based on its physical and functional characteristics. Research uses a completely randomized design one factor consisting of a concentration of STMP 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12% and native starch as a comparison. The variable of observations included emulsion separator volume, viscosity, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), swelling power, and solubility. The results showed that the emulsion separator volume, WHC, swelling power, and solubility starch modification is smaller than native banggai yam starch, while at viscosity starch modification is greater than native banggai yam starch. In the analysis OHC fluctuates as concentration increases. The STMP concentration that gives the best tendency is 4%. The value generated at this concentration is emulsion separator volume 90%, viscosity 577 Cp, WHC 0.94 g/g, OHC 2.84 g/g, swelling power 4.60 g/g, and solubility 0.17%.
Increased yield and quality of corn by inorganic fertilizers and utilization of corn as food to support food security
Authors: Fauziah L , Anggraeni L , Latifah E , Istiqomah N , Khamidah A 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research was carried out in two stages, three replications. The first stage was to determine the effectiveness of NPK 26-12-12 fertilizer on the yields and quality of corn. Corn with the best quality obtained from the best treatment of fertilization results at the first stage, was used as raw material in the second stage; namely noodles production. The second stage was to determine the quality of corn noodles. The factors that were used in the first stage were the combination dose of NPK 26-12-12 + urea + KCl which was compared to NPK 15-15-15 + urea + KCl (there are nine treatments). The factors that were used in the second stage was the percentage of corn flour (0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60%). The results of the first research found that the application of NPK fertilizer can increase the vegetative growth of corn plants, the highest yield was in the G treatment which produced a harvest of 6.94 t / ha; R/C ratio 1.56 and RAE 181. The results of the second research found that the addition of corn flour affected the quality of corn noodles. Panelists like noodles with the addition of 30% corn flour.
Aflatoxins contamination in duck feedstuffs collected from Indramayu District
Authors: Anastasia Y , Maryam R , Widiastuti R , Dalilah  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi. Feed exposure to aflatoxins may cause a decreased immune system and low productivity outcomes in poultry. This study conducted a limited survey to determine aflatoxin contaminations in feedstuff. 34 feed samples were analyzed to determine aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fluorescent detector. Aflatoxins were extracted from feed samples using acetonitrile : water (84:16,v/v), purified with a solid phase extraction (SPE) column, and detected through a fluorescent detector at wavelengths 365 nm (excitation) and 450 nm (emission). The results show a high concentration of AFB1 contamination in 34 samples. Aflatoxin B1 was found in all samples, ranging from 1.41-42.16 ng/g. Eleven samples were found to contain AFG1 ranging from 4.51-6.39 ng/g. One sample contained AFG2 with a concentration of 7.59 n/g. Also, 16 samples contain AFB2 with a concentration ranging from 1.62-2.3 ng/g. The results above show a high prevalence (100%) of AFB1 contamination. The contamination of aflatoxins especially AFB1 in the feedstuffs were harmful to the animals and should be a concern to prevent any adverse effect on public health.
Emerging Materials in Photo-bio catalytic systems for Futuristic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Meher Rajanandini , Jenit Angelin , Swaminathan M , Sharma Naresh Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBy the end of the year 2040, the water stress score reveals that 33 countries including the middle east and developed countries like Singapore and San Marino would be facing high levels of water stress. A critical issue that has to be addressed in the coming decades would be sustainable water management. Water’s abundance makes it an ideal universal solvent for cleaning and flushing. This incorporates numerous natural and anthropogenic activities that have imparted pollution which highly affects the quality of water. Though remediation process is available they are slow, hence sophisticated reactors are employed to speed up the treatment process more sustainably and effectively. Several different designs of bioreactors are being developed to treat diverse categories of wastewater and their effluents. The most recent ones are the coupling of photocatalysis and bioreactors. The combined advantages of nanoparticles to be highly oxidizing and non-selective while that of micro-organisms to be economical and sustainable couples these different techniques in one system. Although such system possesses challenges such as lack of process knowledge, design limitation, and characteristic differences, but do have several advantages when considering their applications in the treatment of wastewater and emerging pollutants. In this study, cotton processing wastewater has been treated by a coupled photo-catalytic bioreactor containing nanoparticles and algal biomass for 15 days, and >80% COD removal efficiency was noted by the microalgae Chlamydomonas sp whereas maximum removal of 88% and 84% COD was observed by using Titanium dioxide, and Palladium doped tungstate under solar light and visible light source respectively. An effort is made to delineate the efficiency, limitations, and future readiness of these systems for the abatement of priority pollutants (with emphasis on cotton processing wastewater). A timely investigation of such emerging technologies promotes progress, provides theoretical insights, and deciphers principles for future application of this technology for wastewater treatment.
Enhanced Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Chitosan
Authors: Devasena M , Pricilla D , Mohamed Mydeen K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the enhanced removal of lead from aqueous solution using chitosan coated carbon (CNC) in comparison with the commercially purchased chitosan (CN) and activated carbon (AC) materials. Functional groups such as -OH and -NH2 present in chitosan along with the functional groups of oxygen and aromatic compounds found in activated carbon makes CNC as the best adsorbent for lead removal for all concentrations of lead investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration, pH and contact time. At pH 6 and a contact time of 60 min, CNC showed enhanced adsorption capacity of 1.80 mg/g when compared to CN’s adsorption capacity of 0.21 mg/g which is an order of magnitude higher. The equilibrium modelling was described better by Langmuir isotherm model and the Pseudo second order kinetic model was applicable to the kinetic data.
Comparison and estimation study of the best suitable empirical method for runoff in the Hoshangabad region
Authors: Archana J , Vats Abhishek , Nandhini J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Water is one of the necessities for supporting the life and improvement of society. Water is an extremely valuable endowment of nature to humankind. The significant wellspring of water is precipitation and for a large portion of the hydrological models, precipitation is utilized as one of the principal components to gauge the spillover interaction. The precipitation overflow model is a numerical model portraying the precipitation spillover relations of a waterway bowl or watershed. Precipitation information is questionable and overflow is one of the significant hydrologic factors utilized in water assets the executives and arranging. Rainstorms create overflow and its event and amount are subject to the attributes of the precipitation occasion. In any case, there are numerous watersheds or catchments that are unchecked; Thus, exact formulae were valuable for assessing overflow volume. This paper depicts the assessment of overflow utilizing observational conditions like Khuzla’s equation, English and Desouza recipe, Indian Irrigation Department, and Khosla’s recipe. For this reason, the Hoshangabad area is chosen and the yearly precipitation information from 1981 to 2017 has been gathered. Furthermore, the appropriateness of the model has been assessed by contrasting the overflow information and one another. After comparing the result of annual runoff calculated by using those formulas, we can observe that in all the years values of the Khosla formula and Khuzla formula are showing similar results, but in the English and Duez formula the value of runoff is too high. The runoff values calculated from the English and Duez formulas are nearly 7 times the actual value obtained from the other three formulas. So, it is not acceptable for the Hoshangabad region.
Groundwater Level Analysis of Sathyamangalam Region, Tamil Nadu, India Using GIS
Authors: Chelladurai V , BharaniPriya A , Mullaivasanthan M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Morphometric and groundwater analysis (water level and flow direction) of Sathyamangalam, having total area of 2.24 lakhs hectares was carried out using geographical information system (GIS). The Watershed characteristics such as slope, size, shape and Morphological Analysis such as linear aspects namely Stream order, Bifurcation ratio, Stream length, Length ratio and Areal aspects in particular Drainage density are analysed using ArcGIS software. And also, groundwater level for four years (2008, 2011, 2014 and 2017) and groundwater flow directions using Piezometric well data were also analyzed. In Watershed characteristics, the size of the study area is 2.24 Lakh ha and designated as sub- catchment watershed. The shape is circular i.e. Fan shape. The total length of contour line is about 11055.86 km and the average slope was 24.68% for 50m interval contour. In Morphological analysis, totally 6487 streams were observed and the total length of stream was 3758.2 km. The study location has bifurcation ratio ranging from 1.56 to 3.62 and length ratio of stream was calculated as 1.678 km/km2. In Piezometric analysis, the major water level changes occur in Northwest of Sathyamangalam. Here, the depth of water from the earth surface decreases from 12.67 m in the year of 2008 to 3.95 m in the year of 2017.
Study on rice water composition and preparation of antidandruff shampoo against Malassezia species
Authors: Balakrishnaraja R , Ranjith G. , Aniskumar M. , Vijayanand P S , Thirumalai Vasan P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Now days, there are many problems for humans. On top of that, hair fall is a major problem noticed by teenagers. One of the main reasons for hair fall is dandruff and body heat. So, dandruff is caused by the fungus Malassezia species, and for that problem, we have a simple solution to tackle it. Rice water is a simple and effective solution for this hair fall problem. The fungal sample was isolated and identified and prepare a shampoo using rice water as a major source. Total carbohydrate and protein was determined. The prepared antifungal shampoo was tested using the well-diffusion method against the fungus Malassezia sps, which causes dandruff. The prepared rice water shampoo gives a positive result and has a high zone of inhibition against the Malassezia species. The antifungal activity was performed on the Malassezia species and shows the best result.
Essential Oils – Anti-Microbial and Pharmacological Properties of Essential Oils
Authors: Cherian Elsa , Mohan Lakshmi , Arackal Jobil J , Anju K A , Rajan Sruthi , Loganathan Veerapandi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The oils that are essential are highly concentrated herbal extracts from extremely significant botanicals. Popularly these oils are used in complementary and substitute medicine. The oil is usually extracted from flowers, leaves, roots, and added parts of plants. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components has been studied for a very long time. Essential oils are produced from a complex combination of unstable atoms that are delivered by the optional digestion of sweet-smelling and medicinal plants and can be produced by various techniques, including distillation or microwaves. The huge number of studies on the antimicrobial action of essential oils has permitted the logical acknowledgment of these mixtures on the control of a wide scope of microbial microorganisms. The advances made on the examination of the method of activity of essential oils against bacterial cell targets give us new points of view to battle constant and antimicrobial safe bacterial microorganisms.
Upcycling agro-waste fibres for cleaner production of concrete – technical feasibility and environmental considerations
Authors: Jayaraman A , Balaji V , Sowsuriya S , Bhuvanesh S , Vasudevan M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The construction sector is actively adapting various measures such as use of green materials, optimization of design, activities and clean technology for the reuse of waste materials to reduce the environmental footprints. Among the green materials, replacement of concrete constituents has tremendous impact on the overall environmental benefits. The recycling of agro-waste fibres in concrete construction is comparatively less attempted due to the limitations in their applications. Present study focuses on comparative evaluation of proportioning coconut fibre and sisal fibre in concrete as singular and binary mixtures. The mechanical properties of the agro-waste fibre reinforced concrete in various proportions (from 0.5% to 2.5%) revealed a substantial increase in the compressive, tensile and flexural strength values. The binary mixture with a maximum value of 1.5% is found to be the best performing combination. The associated environmental impacts were identified using a two-step cause-evidence-impact methodology, suggesting the identification of critical steps in reducing environmental pollution and increasing the benefits.