bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutional Challenges in Emergency Governance: An Analysis of Poland’s Reluctance and Regulatory Ambiguities in States of Emergency
Authors: Florczak-Wątor Monika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article analyses the constitutional framework regulating states of emergency in Poland and addresses key issues related to their interpretation and implementation. The first part discusses the conditions for declaring martial law, a state of an extraordinary situation, and a state of natural disaster, as well as the specific rules for the operation of public authorities in such emergencies. The next part analyses the practice, revealing the consistent reluctance of Polish authorities to invoke states of emergency, even in circumstances that seem to justify such measures. Consequently, a state of emergency under the 1997 Constitution was declared in Poland only once – in 2021, in response to a migration crisis on the border with Belarus. No constitutional emergency was declared during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the introduction of far-reaching restrictions on individual rights and freedoms. The article argues that state authorities can abuse emergency regulations, either through their unjustified application or by deliberately circumventing them.
Some Personal Reflections on Enhancing Global North – Global South Academic Cooperation in Legal Higher Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zyberi Gentian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper provides some personal reflections on my experiences as a project leader in four cooperative projects with colleagues from the Global South involving higher education institutions (HEIs) in seven countries—namely, Benin, Uganda, Ethiopia, Colombia, Palestine, Bulgaria, and Kosovo. The aim is to try to assess advantages and shortcomings of some of these funding programs in terms of their framing, structuring, and (limited) funding, and to provide some suggestions for ensuring better coordination of what constitutes an institutionally fragmented field. The focus of my reflections is on three related broad themes—that is, how to enhance international academic cooperation, improve academic mobility, and ensure better access to teaching and research materials for Global South HEIs. The paper first analyzes the issue of funding for North-South cooperation, then moves on to the enhancement of international academic cooperation, international mobility, and finally, the provision of better access to teaching and research materials.
‘Fascism on trial’: Rodolfo Graziani and the manipulation of historical consciousness in postwar Italy
Authors: Witkowski Victoria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article uses the postwar trial of Fascist Italy’s most prominent general, Rodolfo Graziani, to examine issues of transitional justice and the formation of popular memory of Italian Fascism and colonialism after 1945. During the Fascist ventennio, the regime constructed Graziani as the nation’s colonial ‘hero’ despite his leading role in genocidal measures during Fascist Italy’s colonial wars in North and East Africa. His position as minister of defence in Mussolini’s Nazi-backed Salò Republic in 1943–5, however, threatened his heroic reputation as he worked with Nazi commanders and became responsible for atrocities against Italian civilians. After the Second World War, Graziani was tried for Nazi collaborationism at the Supreme Court in 1948, but his colonial conduct was left unquestioned. Unlike in the Nuremberg Trials in post-Nazi Germany, few Italians were tried for war crimes after 1945. This historical inquiry analyses the legal proceedings, transnational representation and outcome of Rodolfo Graziani’s 1948 trial as an emblematic case study to explore de-fascistisation and decolonialisation initiatives and their limitations in post-Fascist postcolonial Italy.
Coevolution of SOEs and the Chinese Economy: The Roles of SOE Heterogeneity from the Institutional, Strategic, and Organizational Perspectives
Authors: Huang Kenneth G. , Jing Runtian , Xia Jun , Zhang Cyndi Man , Zhong Weiguo , Zhu David H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractState-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China play a critical role in national economic development and the country's positioning on the global stage. Chinese SOEs have undergone substantial transformations from traditional government-run entities to a variety of corporate forms exhibiting different levels of state involvement. Despite their substantial influence, the internal diversity of SOEs – from wholly state-owned to mixed-ownership – has not been thoroughly examined. This paper provides an overview of SOEs' critical roles in the Chinese economy, the relationship between SOEs and privately owned enterprises (POEs), and the challenges of SOEs in different stages of Chinese economic development. It then introduces five research papers that explore the institutional, strategic, and organizational perspectives on how SOEs manage the dual pressures of state and market logic, respond to policy adjustments, tackle leadership challenges, and navigate current global trends such as digital transformation, technological innovation, and environmental sustainability. In this paper, we provide important implications for policy and managerial practices and highlight a future research agenda for the heterogeneity of Chinese SOEs, and how SOEs respond to these challenges in the evolving geopolitical landscape, adapt their strategies, and manage relationships with foreign governments and enterprises under such conditions.
PARITY BIAS IN FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF REAL QUADRATIC FIELDS
Authors: BREUER FLORIAN , SHAW-CARMODY CAMERON 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We compute primes

$p \equiv 5 \bmod 8$

up to

$10^{11}$

for which the Pellian equation

$x^2-py^2=-4$

has no solutions in odd integers; these are the members of sequence A130229 in the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. We find that the number of such primes

$p\leqslant x$

is well approximated by

$$ \begin{align*}\frac{1}{12}\pi(x) - 0.037\int_2^x \frac{dt}{t^{1/6}\log t},\end{align*} $$

where

$\pi (x)$

is the usual prime counting function. The second term shows a surprising bias away from membership of this sequence.
Diversity, damage and pheromone specificity of fruit flies in the Forest-Savanna Transition zone of Ghana
Authors: Awarikabey Ernestina Narveh , Afun Jakpasu Victor Kofi , Billah Maxwell Kelvin , Osekre Enoch Adjei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mango is a delicious tropical fruit with high economic value worldwide. The Forest-Savanna Transition zone of Ghana contributes significantly to the production of mangoes for both local and international markets. The zone is plagued with the fruit fly ‘menace’ like all mango-producing areas in Ghana. Not much has been done in terms of species monitoring. A 24- month fruit fly monitoring survey was conducted in eight mango orchards, to assess the composition of fruit flies associated with Mango and their damage levels. Four para-pheromone attractants (Methyl Eugenol, Terpinyl Acetate, Trimedlure, and Cuelure) were used to monitor fruit flies. Eight improvised water bottle traps (two per lure) were purposefully deployed in each orchard. A total of 18 tephritid species belonging to five genera were recorded. Bactrocera (one species), Ceratitis (six species), Dacus (eight species), Zeugodacus (one species) and Xanthaciura (two species). Bactrocera dorsalis was the most abundant species (90% of the collected samples), while the native mango fly, C. cosyra constituted 0.5%. Dacus fuscovittatus and Dacus pleuralis were for the first time captured and identified in Ghana. Dacus langi, Dacus carnesi, Dacus (diastatus?), Ceratitis silvestrii and C. quinaria were recorded for the first time in the zone. The zone recorded a diversity index of 0.41. Damage levels ranged from 41–91%. Ten out of the 18 species, are of economic importance on mango and must be watched. Periodic updates on seasonal fluctuations, species composition and new arrivals are key to the successful implementation of any management strategy.
Schwarz lemma for harmonic functions in the unit ball
Authors: Xu Zhenghua , Yu Ting , Huo Qinghai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recently, it is proven that positive harmonic functions defined in the unit disc or the upper half-plane in

$\mathbb{C}$

are contractions in hyperbolic metrics [14]. Furthermore, the same result does not hold in higher dimensions as shown by given counterexamples [16]. In this paper, we shall show that positive (or bounded) harmonic functions defined in the unit ball in

$\mathbb{R}^{n}$

are Lipschitz in hyperbolic metrics. The involved method in main results allows to establish essential improvements of Schwarz type inequalities for monogenic functions in Clifford analysis [24, 25] and octonionic analysis [21] in a unified approach.
Noetherianity of twisted Zhu’s algebras and bimodules
Authors: Liu Jianqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we show that for a large natural class of vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and their modules, the Zhu’s algebras and bimodules (and their g-twisted analogs) are Noetherian. These carry important information about the representation theory of the VOA, and its fusion rules, and the Noetherian property gives the potential for (non-commutative) algebro-geometric methods to be employed in their study.
DNA Technology and the Struggle for the Power to Declare Missing Soldiers Dead in the Post-Vietnam War United States
Authors: Liu Zhaokun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The recovery of soldiers’ remains has been a major concern of the US military since the mid-nineteenth century. However, military defeats during the Cold War left the remains of US soldiers unattended for decades, which diminished the odds of their identification and created ambiguities about their fates. After the Vietnam War, some statespersons and soldiers’ families alleged that many missing soldiers had not been killed, but rather detained by the enemy and abandoned by US authorities. The US military strove to recover and identify as many missing soldiers as possible to debunk these allegations. Existing forensic methods failed to provide definitive conclusions, straining the relationship between the military and the American public. Consequently, the military turned to DNA profiling to identify missing personnel. Technical limitations and US society’s lingering distrust of authorities turned DNA profiling into a new battleground between the US military and prisoners of war/missing in action (POW/MIA) families. Despite the promise DNA technology seemed to offer for remains’ identification, this article argues that its success was reliant on POW/MIA families’ attitudes towards the military and politics, who demanded much more than identified remains as a means of achieving closure.
Exploring the lived experience of economic insecurity and health among people accessing charity-run food provision services in Bristol, UK
Authors: Stone Geneviève , Papadaki Angeliki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The UK has experienced alarming increases in the number of individuals living with food insecurity as a result of the rise in the cost of living. The mechanisms linking household economic insecurity to food insecurity, and perceived health outcomes, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore how individuals with lived experience of food insecurity are coping with the rise in the cost of living, the trade-offs they might be making between food and other household expenses, and how these might impact eating behaviours and health outcomes. Using a qualitative inductive approach rooted in hermeneutic phenomenology, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted among individuals using charity-run food provision services in Bristol, UK. Narrative accounts from these interviews were analysed thematically. Almost all participants were recipients of benefits at the time of interviews and were living under high levels of economic insecurity. The rise in the cost of living forced complex budget management strategies, including relying on donated food and shoplifting. It also influenced eating behaviours through altered cooking strategies to save energy, substituting food for cheaper, less-nutritious, alternatives, and rationing meals. Food insecurity was experienced as a form of psychosocial violence, engendering high levels of stress, particularly for individuals with diet-related chronic diseases. There is therefore an urgent need for policies that tackle structural causes of overall household economic insecurity, and improve economic access to adequate nutritious foods, to prevent further entrenching social inequalities.
Aquaphotomics and NIR water spectral patterns in dairy production: a review exploring potentials and challenges
Authors: Giovinazzo Simone , Brambilla Massimo , Cattaneo Tiziana Maria Piera , Lazzari Andrea , Bisaglia Carlo , Muncan Jelena , Tsenkova Roumiana 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis review describes the potentials of a new omics science in the dairy sector, particularly regarding the improvement of animal health and welfare. The three-dimensional network of water hydrogen bonds is a dynamic entity, subject to the influence of its components and properties of the environment. For this reason, it is sensitive to any chemical, physical or biological perturbation of the system. Therefore, the aqueous matrix acts as a sensitive sensor, reflecting the state, behaviour, and functionality of the system and providing similar information on its components. Aquaphotomics builds upon these underlying assumptions. It is a scientific discipline that combines spectroscopy with multivariate spectral analysis to extract the absorbance spectral pattern of water, which describes how water molecular structure changes in response to perturbations. Many studies assessed the applicability of this approach, including veterinary diagnostics. The water spectral pattern can be used as a multidimensional biomarker for rapid and non-invasive discrimination between healthy and diseased systems, even in the subclinical phase. Adopting such an approach, focused on precision farming, can foster subsequent optimisation of animal production performance and improve the overall profitability of farming operations.
Prognostic value of antepartum alkaline phosphatase, total and ionized calcium and net acid/base excretion to predict peripartum hypocalcemia in cows
Authors: Arnold Benjamin , Khol Johannes Lorenz , Wittek Thomas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate parameters for the prediction of peripartum hypocalcemia in cattle. The study consisted of two independent investigations (A and B) conducted in different time periods and locations. Blood sera were analyzed for the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the concentration of ionized (iCa), and total calcium (Ca) two weeks before calving. On the day of calving, urinary net acid/base excretion was calculated, and the serum Ca concentration was analyzed. Ca concentration less than 2 mmol/l on the day of calving was defined as hypocalcemia. The results differed between the two investigations. Part A showed high predictive values for the antepartum parameters ALP and Ca concentration, but these could not be replicated in part B. Animals enrolled were quite young (average age 5.5 years) and the group of animals with hypocalcemia was comparably small in both investigations. The reason(s) for the different results in investigation A and B are not clear. These findings indicate that there are probably as yet unidentified parameters and influences on calcium homeostasis in cattle. None of the parameters investigated in the present study can be considered a reliable universal parameter for prediction of hypocalcemia risk in general.
Experiences of early assessment to teach functional programming
Authors: CHAPMAN PETER 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper reports on the experiences of using an early assessment intervention, specifically employing a Use-Modify-Create scaffold, to teach first-year undergraduate functional programming. The particular intervention that was trialled was the use of an early assessment instrument, in which students had to use code given to them, or slightly modify it, to achieve certain goals. The intended outcome was that the students would thus engage earlier with the functional language, enabling them to be better prepared for the second piece of assessment, where they create code to solve given problems. This intervention showed promise: the difference between a student’s score on the Create assignment improved by an average of 9% in the year after the intervention was implemented, a small effect.
Collective Reflective Equilibrium, Algorithmic Bioethics and Complex Ethics
Authors: Savulescu Julian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
John Harris has made many seminal contributions to bioethics. Two of these are in the ethics of resource allocation. Firstly, he proposed the “fair innings argument” which was the first sufficientarian approach to distributive justice. Resources should be provided to ensure people have a fair innings—when Harris first wrote this, around 70 years of life, but perhaps now 80. Secondly, Harris famously advanced the egalitarian position in response to utilitarian approaches to allocation (such as maximizing Quality Adjusted Life Years [QALYs]) that what people want is the greatest chance of the longest, best quality life for themselves, and justice requires treating these claims equally. Harris thus proposed both sufficientarian and egalitarian approaches. This chapter compares these approaches with utilitarian and contractualist approaches and provides a methodology for deciding among these (Collective Reflective Equilibrium). This methodology is applied to the allocation of ventilators in the pandemic (as an example) and an ethical algorithm for their deployment created. This paper describes the concept of algorithmic bioethics as a way of addressing pluralism of values and context specificity of moral judgment and policy, and addressing complex ethics.
Transcatheter closure of atrial and ventricular septal defects in patients with dextrocardia: a clinical analysis
Authors: Xiao Jiawang , Zhu Xianyang , Wang Jianming , Wang Zhongchao , Geng Jingsong , Wang Qiguang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the feasibility of transcatheter closure in patients with dextrocardia and isolated atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 10 patients with dextrocardia and atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect from June 2013 to January 2023 and successfully underwent transcatheter closure. Patient data were meticulously collected.

Results:
The study cohort comprised 10 patients, with three males, aged between 3 and 38 years. Intraoperative right heart catheterisation revealed the following measurements: the mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 20.5(18,24,3) mmHg, and a pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio of 1.80(1.58,2.15). There were five atrial septal defects, with defect diameters of 26(20,30) mm, comprising three dextroversion and two mirror-image dextrocardia. Intraoperative echocardiography confirmed the absence of any residual shunt. Among them, a patient with mirror-image dextrocardia, atrial septal defects, and interrupted inferior vena cava required an alternative approach due to femoral vein limitations. The right internal jugular vein was punctured, and a 22 mm atrial septal occluder was successfully deployed via this route. The study identified five ventricular septal defects, with defect diameters of 4(3.5,5.5) mm, including two dextroversion and three mirror-image dextrocardia. Upon post-operative repeat left ventriculography, no residual shunt was detected in all but one case, which exhibited a minimal residual shunt. Throughout the perioperative period and subsequent post-operative follow-up, no severe complications were observed.

Conclusion:
For patients with dextrocardia accompanied by simple CHD, transcatheter closure is a viable option when interventional treatment is indicated. Although transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects or ventricular septal defect in patients with dextrocardia presents unique challenges, it is safe and effective when the anatomical nuances of dextrocardia are thoroughly understood.
Concordance of Australian state and territory government guidelines for classifying the healthiness of foods in public settings
Authors: Backman Bettina , Adam Meg , Chan Jasmine , Marshall Josephine , Rosewarne Emalie , Sacks Gary , Cameron Adrian J. , Blake Miranda R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the concordance between Australian government guidelines for classifying the healthiness of foods across various public settings.

Design:
Commonly available products in Australian food service settings across eight food categories were classified according to each of the seventeen Australian state and territory food classification guidelines applying to public schools, workplaces and healthcare settings. Product nutrition information was retrieved from online sources. The level of concordance between each pair of guidelines was determined by the proportion of products rated at the same level of healthiness.

Setting:
Australia.

Participants:
No human participants.

Results:
Approximately half (56 %) of the 967 food and drink products assessed were classified as the same level of healthiness across all fifteen ‘traffic light’-based systems. Within each setting type (e.g. schools), pairwise concordance in product classifications between guidelines ranged from 74 % to 100 %. ‘Vegetables’ (100 %) and ‘sweet snacks and desserts’ (78 %) had the highest concordance across guidelines, while ‘cold ready-to-eat foods’ (0 %) and ‘savoury snacks’ (23 %) had the lowest concordance. In addition to differences in classification criteria, discrepancies between guidelines arose from different approaches to grouping of products. The largest proportion of discrepancies (58 %) were attributed to whether products were classified as ‘Red’ (least healthy) or ‘Amber’ (moderately healthy).

Conclusions:
The results indicate only moderate concordance between all guidelines. National coordination to create evidence-based consistency between guidelines would help provide clarity for food businesses, which are often national, on how to better support community health through product development and reformulation.