bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slurry infiltration and sintering cycle‐dependent mechanical properties of 3D oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Sun Xun , Tian Zhenghao , Jiang Ru , Liu Haitao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites reinforced with three‐dimensional fiber preform were fabricated by a slurry infiltration and sintering (SIS) process. The influence of the SIS cycle on microstructures and mechanical properties of the 3D oxide/oxide composite was investigated. Results showed that the porous matrix was densified due to the SIS effect. The elastic modulus of the weak matrix and interfacial shear strength increased with the increasing SIS cycle. This led to an obvious improvement in flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composite. The fracture toughness and work of fracture of the composite slightly decreased. A good balance between fracture strength and damage tolerance was achieved on the sixth SIS fabricated oxide/oxide composite, which had a high flexural strength of 295.1 ± 14.9 MPa, a high interlaminar shear strength of 18.2 ± .5 MPa, and a high fracture 11.5 ± .8 MPa m1/2. The SIS process is a promising way to fabricate the 3D oxide/oxide composite.
Responses of the rat foetus to maternal injections of adrenaline and vasopressin
Authors: CHERNOFF N. , GRABOWSKI C. T. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Injection of 0·5–2·0 units of vasopressin or 25–100 μg of adrenaline into the peritoneal cavity of pregnant rats produced a transient slowing of the foetal heart. The bradycardia could be induced in foetuses after 15–21 days of gestation. Foetal heart rates dropped from normal values of 140–180 beats/min, often to less than 20 beats/minute. The period of bradycardia was dose dependent and ranged from 30 to 65 minutes.
Maternal injection of the hormones produced a fall in foetal blood pressure from an average of 54, often to less than 20 mm of water, in 17‐day foetuses. Direct injection of the hormones into the pericardial sac of the foetuses had the opposite effect and pressures rose an average of 15 mm of water 1 min after the injection.
During the period of bradycardia, the potassium concentrations in foetal serum rose from an average value of 8·9 mequiv/1. to an average of 17·3 mequiv/litre. Concentrations of serum sodium fell from 126·2 to 121·4 mequiv/l. during the bradycardia. No changes were detected in the concentrations of either calcium or chloride. Foetal Po2 levels fell from 25 to 15, Pco2 rose from 61 to 89 or more, and pH fell from 7·19 to 6·86 during the bradycardia.
Maternal death and uterine clamping caused foetal bradycardia and a rise in foetal serum potassium to an average of 20·2 mequiv/litre.
It is concluded that interruption of normal uterine blood flow by vasoconstruction (adrenaline or vasopressin) or direct blockage (uterine clamping) results in a transient hypoxia, bradycardia, and serum ion changes in foetuses.
Role of adrenergic neurone blockade in the hypotensive action of propranolol
Authors: ELIASH SARAH , WEINSTOCK MARTA 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Propranolol, in doses of 25–100 μg/kg, blocks contractions of the nictitating membrane to nerve stimulation but not to injected noradrenaline.
This adrenergic neurone blocking action of propranolol is antagonized by amphetamine.
It is also reversed by raising the dose of propranolol to amounts exceeding 0·5 mg/kg.
Still larger amounts potentiate the responses of the nictitating membrane to both submaximal stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve and to injected noradrenaline.
The (+) isomer of propranolol produced adrenergic nerve blockade and some degree of hypotension without blocking cardiac β‐adrenoceptors.
The relevance of adrenergic neurone blockade to the hypotensive effect of propranolol is discussed.
A new method of destroying adrenergic nerves in adult animals using guanethidine
Authors: BURNSTOCK G. , EVANS BARBARA , GANNON B. J. , HEATH J. W. , JAMES VICKI 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The structure of sympathetic neurones in the rat has been examined with histological, fluorescence histochemical and electron microscopical methods after chronic treatment for 6 weeks with guanethidine (25 or 30 mg/kg/day i.p.).
Less than 2% of the nerve cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion remained at this time and in these cells the mitochondria were badly damaged. Few fluorescent adrenergic nerve fibres were found outside the central nervous system. This situation persisted even 4 months (the longest period studied) after cessation of treatment.
This procedure is proposed as a new method of producing sympathectomy. It has the advantage of being applicable to adult animals in a variety of experimental and pathological situations. It is uniquely advantageous for denervation of the male reproductive tract.
Pharmacology of bovine pulmonary vein anaphylaxis in vitro
Authors: EYRE P. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The bovine pulmonary vein contracts in response to acetylcholine, histamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin. The tissue is particularly sensitive to 5‐hydroxytryptamine (>0·1 ng/ml). Specific Schultz‐Dale reactions were elicited in the pulmonary vein in response to horse plasma.
The Schultz‐Dale reaction is inhibited both by antihistaminics and by the anti‐5‐hydroxytryptamine agent methysergide, but not by atropine.
Sodium meclofenamate inhibited anaphylactic contraction but showed a strong tendency to antagonize many agonists indiscriminately.
Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG: 100 μg/ml) which inhibits some immunological reactions of mast cells, and diethylcarbamazine citrate (DECC: 50 μg/ml) which inhibits slow‐reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS—A) elaboration, each inhibited anaphylaxis incompletely (50% or less). However, a combination of DSCG and DECC virtually abolished the Schultz‐Dale reaction in this preparation. It is tentatively suggested that the component of the anaphylactic contraction which is resistant to cromoglycate but sensitive to diethylcarbamazine could be due to SRS—A.
The bovine pulmonary Schultz‐Dale reaction appears to be a complex interaction of histamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, SRS—A and possible other agents including kinins.
Relative importance of the enzymic hydrolysis of suxamethonium in plasma and tissues: studies in cats
Authors: HOBBIGER F. , PECK A. W. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
The effects of intravenous infusions of suxamethonium on the twitch tension of the indirectly stimulated tibialis and gastrocnemius muscles of anaesthetized cats were recorded. From these data the infusion rate giving a 50% reduction in twitch tension after 15 min (IR50), was calculated.
Marked inhibition of cholinesterase activity in plasma with less inhibition of cholinesterase activity in tissues, obtained by repeatedly withdrawing blood samples, incubating them with DFP and reinjecting them, had only a small effect on the IR50 of suxamethonium.
Injection of iso‐OMPA produced marked inhibition of cholinesterase activity in plasma and tissues, and lowered the IR50 to 10% of that in controls. The IR50 in cats treated with iso‐OMPA could be restored to normal only by raising the suxamethonium hydrolysing capacity of plasma 10–50 times above normal by the intravenous injection of purified cholinesterase of human plasma.
Exchange blood transfusion between normal cats and cats treated with iso‐OMPA failed to affect the IR50 of suxamethonium in either of the two.
It is concluded that in cats, unlike in man, the effectiveness of suxamethonium is not determined by the cholinesterase activity in plasma but by the cholinesterase activity in tissue. The role in this of cholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction and other sites is discussed.
Plant virology in the 21st century in China: Recent advances and future directions
Authors: Wu Jianguo , Zhang Yongliang , Li Fangfang , Zhang Xiaoming , Ye Jian , Wei Taiyun , Li Zhenghe , Tao Xiaorong , Cui Feng , Wang Xianbing , Zhang Lili , Yan Fei , Li Shifang , Liu Yule , Li Dawei , Zhou Xueping , Li Yi 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTPlant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years, including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Here, we review these milestones and advances, including the identification of new crop‐infecting viruses, dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses, examination of multilayered interactions among viruses, their host plants, and virus‐transmitting arthropod vectors, and in‐depth interrogation of plant‐encoded resistance and susceptibility determinants. Notably, various plant virus‐based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants. We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
Miracles of science: Birth after uterus transplantation
Authors: Ongun Hakan , Celik Kiymet , Arayici Sema , Dogan Nasuh Utku , Mendilcioglu Inanc , Ozkan Ozlenen , Ozkan Omer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe concept of regaining childbearing ability via uterus transplantation (UTx) motivates many infertile women to pursue giving birth to their own children. This article provides insight into maternal and neonatal outcomes of the procedure globally and facilitates quality of care in related medical fields.MethodsThe authors searched ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, non‐PubMed‐indexed journals, and common search engines to identify peer‐review publications and unpublished sources in scientific reference databases.ResultsThe feasibility of the procedure has been proven with 46 healthy children in 88 procedures so far. Success relies upon dedicated teamwork involving transplantation surgery, obstetrics and reproductive medicine, neonatology, pediatrics, psychology, and bioethics. However, challenges exist owing to donor, recipient, and fetus. Fetal growth in genetically foreign uterine allograft with altered feto‐maternal interface and vascular anatomy, immunosuppressive exposure, lack of graft innervation leading to “unable‐to‐feel” uterine contractions and conception via assisted reproductive technology create notable risks during pregnancy. Significant portion of women are complicated by at least one or more obstetric problems. Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and diabetes mellitus, elevated kidney indices, and preterm delivery are common complications.ConclusionsUTx has short‐ and long‐term satisfying outcome. Advancements in the post‐transplant management would undoubtedly lead this experimental procedure into mainstream clinical practice in the near future. However, both women and children of UTx need special consideration due to prematurity‐related neonatal problems and the long‐term effects of transplant pregnancy. Notable health risks for the recipient and fetus should be discussed with potential candidates for UTx.
The effects of different ratios of mixed feeding ofScenedesmus dimorphustoCyclotellasp. on the growth performance, pearl production ability, and biochemical components of the new shell tissue ofHyriopsis cumingii
Authors: Bo Zhang , Peng Sheng , Qian Yunxian , Peng Ruibing , Jiang Xiamin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn order to screen out the feeding ratio of high‐quality algae strains inHyriopsis cumingii, this experiment investigated the effects of different ratio of mixed feeding of two algae strains (Scenedesmus dimorphusandCyclotellasp.) on the growth, bead production performance, trace elements, and amino acid composition of the newborn shell ofH. cumingii. The results showed that the mixed feeding of two types of microalgae with different densities had significant effects on the growth performance, bead production quality, trace elements, and amino acid composition of the newly formed shell ofH. cumingii(p < 0.05); the best body weight gain rate and shell growth rate were obtained by feedingS. dimorphus(30 × 105cell/mL) andCyclopellasp.(8 × 105cell/mL); the pearl weight gain rate, amino acid ratio, Ca2+and Mn2+content were best when feedingCyclotellasp. (16 × 105cell/mL), but there was no significant difference compared withS. dimorphus(30 × 105cell/mL) andCyclopellasp.(8 × 105cell/mL). In summary, the optimal feeding amount for the intensive breeding process ofH. cumingiiisS. dimorphus(30 × 105cell/mL) andCyclopellasp. (8 × 105cell/mL).
Geographical variation in Cape fur seals' in‐air vocalizations across Southern Africa (Namibia and South Africa)
Authors: Martin Mathilde , Stow Jessica , Gridley Tess , Elwen Simon , Charrier Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe use of acoustic signals to communicate is widespread among marine mammals and vocalizations are involved in all their social interactions. Due to many factors, acoustic features of a species' vocalizations may differ among populations. The present study investigated both micro‐ and macro‐geographical variation in the vocalizations of Cape fur seal females, males, and pups. Acoustic measurements were performed on calls recorded at four South African and two Namibian sites (maximum range ~ 1,000 km). Comparisons among close sites in South Africa revealed no micro‐geographical variation (maximum range ~130 km) in females' and pups' vocalizations. Barks of subadult males had different features among sites, which may be explained mostly by the context of call production. At the macro‐geographical scale (South Africa vs. Namibia), all call types varied significantly among sites. Several extrinsic and intrinsic factors were suggested to drive such differences. For females' and pups' calls, differences might be explained by environmental factors, whereas for males' barks, behavioral differences are the most likely explanation for acoustic differences (breeding vs. resting sites). Such investigations help understand how acoustic communication in marine mammals is shaped by ecological drivers.
The neurobiology of political ideology: Theories, findings, and future directions
Authors: Panish Adam , Nam H. Hannah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSocial scientists are increasingly interested in studying the psychological bases of political preferences. Research at the interface of neuroscience and political psychology is uniquely positioned to test theories that link political attitudes to cognitive, affective, perceptual, and motivational processes in the brain. In this article, we review existing theories and evaluate findings from the growing field of political neuroscience with an emphasis on four brain regions that have emerged as important neural substrates of political ideology: the amygdala, the insular cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the prefrontal cortex. We conclude by discussing current methodological and theoretical limitations before setting out an agenda for future research.
Acute human leptospirosis in a Caribbean region of Colombia: From classic to emerging risk factors
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Virginia , Castro‐Cordero Ana , Calderón‐Rangel Alfonso , Martínez‐Ibarra Eidy , Yasnot Maria , Agudelo‐Flórez Piedad , Monroy Fernando P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide incidence, with a broad spectrum of health risk factors.AimThe objective was to determine risk factors associated with acute human leptospirosis and to explore predictive variables of risk to human leptospirosis.MethodsThe study was carried out in the Department of Córdoba, in the north of Colombia. We conducted a longitudinal prospective descriptive study with non‐probabilistic sampling, which included 339 patients suspected of leptospirosis. Positive cases were confirmed by MAT and PCR. The determination of social and environmental risk factors was done with a survey on epidemiological and environmental variables to establish an association between cases of leptospirosis and risk factors as well as predictive variables.ResultsWe found 19.8% (67/339) cases of acute leptospirosis, and the seroprevalence was 27.1% (92/339). The most frequent serogroups were Sejroe, Australis, Pomona, Batavie, Pyrogenes and Grippotyphosa. We identified the following risk factors: age between 10 and 19 years (OR = 2.571; 95% CI); pig ownership (OR = 2.019; 95% CI); bathing or recreational activities in lake/lagoon (OR = 3.85; 95% CI) and in dams (OR = 3.0; 95% CI); floodings 30 days before the onset of symptoms (OR = 2.019; 95% CI), and a mean temperature of 28°C (p 0.044; 95%CI). As significant predictor variables, we identified age (10–19 years), bathing or recreational activities in the lake/lagoon, and flooding 30 days before symptoms were again evidenced. This region presents classic risk factors (pig ownership) and emerging environmental risk factors (recreational practice or bathing in a lake/lagoon and flooding 30 days before the onset of symptoms), and demographic factors such as young age (10–19 years).ConclusionsThese factors are also predictors of human cases of acute leptospirosis and provide contextual information on environmental and public health that should be considered for epidemiological surveillance in this endemic area.
On projective Anosov subgroups of symplectic groups
Authors: Pozzetti Maria Beatrice , Tsouvalas Konstantinos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe prove that a word hyperbolic group whose Gromov boundary properly contains a 2‐sphere cannot admit a projective Anosov representation into , . We also prove that a word hyperbolic group that admits a projective Anosov representation into is virtually a free group or virtually a surface group, a result established independently by Dey–Greenberg–Riestenberg.
Facing the Franks Again: The Crusades in Arab Social and Political Thought (1914–48)
Authors: Sokolov Oleg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recalling the Crusades emerges as a very signficant aspect of the image of the West in the Arab thought of the second half of the twentieth and the first decades of the twenty-first centuries. This article explores the roots of the this modern anti-Crusader rhetoric in the period between the world wars, both of which drastically altered the imaginary and self-perception of the populations of the Middle East and North Africa. It traces the main patterns of using the Crusades in Arab social thought and politics in this period, analyses why such references were used in various contexts and demonstrates their connections with the heritage of the major intellectuals, littérateurs, and public figures of the Arab cultural revival (al-nahḍa).
The Refugee Sports Clubs in Greece as Carriers of Asia Minor Memory (1922–40)
Authors: Baltas Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the exodus from their homelands and the population exchange between Turkey and Greece, Greek Orthodox refugees from Asia Minor formed hundreds of associations in Greece’s refugee settlements. These associations served the purposes of recovery and cultural expression, with many among them also functioning as carriers and promoters of the memory of their members’ places of origin. Among these associations were hundreds of sports clubs that young refugees joined. The mnemonic practices that members of these sports clubs pursued included the repeated use of texts, images, and rituals which referred mainly to the geography and history of Asia Minor. Based on the archives of refugee sports clubs from all over Greece, this article analyzes these mnemonic practices and places them in the general context of collective refugee memory.
Occupational Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Wisconsin: Results From a Statewide Electronic Disease Surveillance System and From the Wisconsin Poison Center, 2018-2021
Authors: Andreychak Elaina M. , Tomasallo Carrie D. , Idowu Damilola , Gummin David D. , Meiman Jon G. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Prevention methods for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in Wisconsin address occupational and nonoccupational exposures together, but differences between the settings could inform new approaches to preventing occupational CO poisonings. We described occupational CO poisonings in Wisconsin from July 1, 2018, through July 1, 2021, using surveillance data from the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System and Wisconsin Poison Center. Methods: We identified cases of CO poisoning from the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System and Wisconsin Poison Center. Occupational CO poisonings were records where “workplace” was recorded as the location of exposure. We excluded records classified as suspect/not a case, those missing laboratory results or information on exposure source/location, and intentional poisonings. We compared characteristics between occupational and nonoccupational settings using odds ratios (ORs), and we estimated crude incidence rates of occupational exposures by occupation. Results: We identified 614 cases of CO poisoning, of which 168 (27.4%) were occupational exposures. When compared with patients with nonoccupational exposures, patients with occupational exposures were more likely to be male (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 2.4-6.1), Hispanic (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.2), and younger (mean difference [SD] = 6.6 [20.9]). Several CO sources were significantly associated with occupational poisonings: forklifts (OR = 58.4; 95% CI, 13.9-246.1; P < .001), pressure sprayers (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4; P = .003), and other gasoline-powered tools (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 2.3-6.3; P < .001). The natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupation group had the highest crude incidence rate—45.0 poisonings per 100 000 full-time equivalent employees. Conclusions: Incorporating data from the Wisconsin Poison Center improved data quality, but surveillance is limited by underreporting. Creating strategies to increase reporting would allow for a more comprehensive understanding of occupational CO poisoning.
Homelessness in the Perinatal Period and Associations With Reproductive Interconception Care: 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
Authors: Galvin Annalynn M. , Lewis Melissa A. , Walters Scott T. , Thompson Erika L. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Women experiencing homelessness have higher rates of unintended pregnancy than stably housed women and may benefit from reproductive interconception care. How reproductive interconception care differs between women who did and did not experience perinatal homelessness is not known. We estimated prevalence ratios of reproductive interconception behaviors among US women experiencing homelessness during the perinatal period. Methods: We used data from the 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System to calculate the prevalence of 5 reproductive interconception care outcomes: attending a maternal postpartum checkup, participating in a conversation with a health care provider about birth intervals, receiving family planning counseling, obtaining a prescription for short-acting contraception, and having a long-acting reversible contraceptive inserted. We used complex survey weights, stratified by perinatal homelessness, and converted adjusted logistic regression odds ratios between housing status and outcome variables to adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs. Results: Among participants, approximately 2.4% (weighted percentage; unweighted 2953 of 100 706) experienced homelessness sometime in the 12 months before their children were born; the majority were non-Hispanic (83.2%) and White (69.4%), were not married (82.2%), and had public health insurance (56.8%). Perinatal homelessness was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of attending a postpartum maternal visit (aPR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94) and a higher prevalence of having a conversation about birth intervals with their health care providers (aPR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21). Conclusions: Findings suggest that improving attendance at postpartum visits and evaluating birth interval conversations may strengthen interconception care practices while contextualizing social determinants such as housing stability. Improving uptake of postpartum visits may reduce unintended pregnancy, short birth intervals, and adverse birth outcomes in future pregnancies among women experiencing homelessness.