bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Antimicrobial Characterization of LBM415 (NVP PDF-713), a New Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor of Clinical Importance
Authors: Fritsche Thomas R. , Sader Helio S. , Cleeland Roy , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTLBM415 (NVP PDF-713) is the first member of the peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitor class being developed for clinical trials as a parenteral and oral agent for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract disease and serious infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive cocci. In this study susceptibility testing results from 1,306 recent clinical isolates selected to overrepresent resistance trends among the species were summarized. All staphylococci (153 strains; MIC at which 90% of isolates were inhibited [MIC90], 2 μg/ml),Streptococcus pneumoniae(170 strains; MIC90, 1 μg/ml), other streptococci (150 strains; MIC90, 1 μg/ml), enterococci (104 strains; MIC90, 4 μg/ml),Moraxella catarrhalis(103 strains; MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml), andLegionella pneumophila(50 strains; MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml) were inhibited at ≤8 μg of LBM415/ml, as were 97% ofHaemophilus influenzaeisolates (300 strains; MIC90, 4 to 8 μg/ml). Among other bacterial groups, 100% of gram-positive and -negative anaerobes, including 22Bacteroidesspp. strains (31 strains total; MIC90, 1 μg/ml), were inhibited by ≤4 μg/ml, whereasEnterobacteriaceae(112 strains) and most nonfermentative bacilli (107 strains) were not inhibited at readily achievable concentrations. The compound was found to have a dominantly bacteriostatic action, and spontaneous single-step mutational rates occurred at low levels (10−6to <10−8). Drug interaction studies failed to identify any class-specific synergistic interactions, nor were antagonistic interactions observed. Variations in broth and agar MIC test conditions demonstrated that, whereas the agar-based method trended towards a 1-log2dilution-higher MIC than the broth method and was inoculum dependent, other variations in incubation environment, medium supplements, pH, or calcium concentration had little influence on LBM415 MIC results. Use of the efflux inhibitor phe-arg-β-naphthylamide showed an average of 1 log2dilution decrease inH.influenzaeMICs, demonstrating the contribution of efflux pumps in influencing susceptibility to PDF inhibitors. The in vitro activity of LBM415 against targeted bacterial species, including resistant subsets, and other laboratory characteristics of this novel compound demonstrate the potential of PDF inhibitors as a new class of antimicrobial agents.
Excision of Nucleoside Analogs from DNA by p53 Protein, a Potential Cellular Mechanism of Resistance to Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase
Authors: Bakhanashvili Mary , Novitsky Elena , Rubinstein Ethan , Levy Itzchak , Rahav Galia 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT
We investigated the ability of p53 in cytoplasm to excise nucleoside analogs (NAs). A decrease in incorporation of NAs by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and their excision from DNA by p53, provided by the cytoplasmic fraction of LCC2 cells, suggest that p53 in cytoplasm may act as an external proofreader for NA incorporation.
In Vitro Effects of Spectinomycin and Ceftriaxone Alone or in Combination with Other Antibiotics against
Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Shang Shuxian , Xia Longqing , Zhong Mingying , Zhang Jinping , Zhao Jianbin , Gong Xiangdong , Mabey David , Wang Qianqiu 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

The in vitro effects of spectinomycin and ceftriaxone, alone or in combination with erythromycin, ofloxacin, and doxycycline, against
Chlamydia trachomatis
were investigated by the checkerboard method and compared by Ridit (reference identical unit) analysis. A combination of spectinomycin with erythromycin or doxycycline was found to be more effective than that of ceftriaxone.
Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of Hepcidin Gene from Red Sea Bream (
Chrysophrys major
)
Authors: Chen Song-Lin , Xu Mei-Yu , Ji Xiang-Shan , Yu Guo-Cai , Liu Yang 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

A cDNA encoding hepcidin was isolated from a library of cDNA from spleen of red sea bream (
Chrysophrys major
) by expressed sequence tag analysis. The expression of the hepcidin mRNA in various tissues was examined. Challenge of red sea bream with
Escherichia coli
DH5α elevated hepcidin mRNA levels in spleen, gill, liver, and intestine.
Antibiotic Tolerance Induced by Lactoferrin in Clinical
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Andrés María T. , Viejo-Diaz Mónica , Pérez Francisco , Fierro José F. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

Lactoferrin-induced cell depolarization and a delayed tobramycin-killing effect on
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
cells were correlated. This antibiotic tolerance effect (ATE) reflects the ability of a defense protein to modify the activity of an antibiotic as a result of its modulatory effect on bacterial physiology.
P. aeruginosa
isolates from cystic fibrosis patients showed higher ATE values (≤6-fold) than other clinical strains.
Role of P-Glycoprotein in Distribution of Nelfinavir across the Blood-Mammary Tissue Barrier and Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey E. , Alcorn Jane , Savolainen Juoko , Anderson Bradley D. , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT
As a first approach in understanding the possible efficacy and toxicity of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors during breast feeding, the milk-to-plasma ratio of nelfinavir was determined in lactating rats. The milk-to-plasma ratio of nelfinavir was determined to be 0.56 ± 0.10 (means ± standard deviations). Western blotting indicated that P-glycoprotein is expressed in rat mammary and brain tissue; however, the multidrug-resistant modulator GF120918 showed a significant effect only at the blood-brain barrier and not at the mammary-epithelial tissue barrier.
Presence of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants and Susceptibility to Tigecycline and Minocycline
Authors: Fluit Ad C. , Florijn Alice , Verhoef Jan , Milatovic Dana 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACT

No relation between the presence of tetracycline resistance determinants
tet
(A) to
tet
(E) and the MICs of tigecycline was observed for
Enterobacteriaceae
, although tetracycline-susceptible isolates were more susceptible overall to tigecycline, whereas the presence of
tet
(M) in
Staphylococcus aureus
was associated with higher MICs of minocycline.
Drug use in English professional football
Authors: Waddington I , Malcolm D , Roderick M , Naik R 
Published: March 2005

Objectives:To examine several issues related to drug use in English professional football. More particularly the project sought to gather data on: players’ use of permitted supplements (mineral and vitamin pills and creatine); whether they sought advice, and if so from whom, about their use of supplements; their experience of and attitudes towards drug testing; their views on the extent of the use of banned performance enhancing and recreational drugs in football; and their personal knowledge of players who used such drugs.Methods:With the cooperation of the Professional Footballers Association (PFA), reply paid postal questionnaires were delivered to the home addresses of all 2863 members of the PFA. A total of 706 questionnaires were returned, a response rate of just under 25%.Results:Many players use supplements, although almost one in five players does so without seeking qualified professional advice from anyone within the club. Blood tests are rarely used to monitor the health of players. One third of players had not been tested for drugs within the preceding two years, and 60% felt that they were unlikely to be tested in the next year. The use of performance enhancing drugs appears to be rare, although recreational drugs are commonly used by professional footballers: 6% of respondents indicated that they personally knew players who used performance enhancing drugs, and 45% of players knew players who used recreational drugs.Conclusions:There is a need to ensure that footballers are given appropriate advice about the use of supplements in order to minimise the risk of using supplements that may be contaminated with banned substances. Footballers are tested for drugs less often than many other elite athletes. This needs to be addressed. The relatively high level of recreational drug use is not reflected in the number of positive tests. This suggests that many players who use recreational drugs avoid detection. It also raises doubts about the ability of the drug testing programme to detect the use of performance enhancing drugs.
Methods for injury surveillance in international cricket
Authors: Orchard J W , Newman D , Stretch R , Frost W , Mansingh A , Leipus A 
Published: March 2005

Background:The varying methods of cricket injury surveillance have made direct comparison of published studies in this field impossible.Methods:A consensus regarding definitions and methods to calculate injury rates in cricket was sought between researchers in this field. This was arrived at through a variety of face to face meetings, email communication, and draft reviews between researchers from six of the major cricket playing nations.Results:It is recommended that a cricket injury is defined as any injury or other medical condition that either (a) prevents a player from being fully available for selection for a major match or (b) during a major match, causes a player to be unable to bat, bowl, or keep wicket when required by either the rules or the team’s captain. Recommended definitions for injury incidence (for matches, training sessions, and seasons) and injury prevalence are also provided. It is proposed that match injury incidence is calculated using a denominator based on a standard time estimated for player exposure in matches, for the purposes of simplicity. This will allow all injury surveillance systems, including those with limited resources, to make calculations according to a standard definition.Conclusion:The consensus statement presented provides a standard which, if followed, allows meaningful comparison of injury surveillance data from different countries and time periods, which will assist in the possible identification of risk factors for injury in cricket.
The repeatability and criterion related validity of the 20 m multistage fitness test as a predictor of maximal oxygen uptake in active young men
Authors: Cooper S-M , Baker J S , Tong R J , Roberts E , Hanford M 
Published: March 2005

Objective:To investigate the repeatability and criterion related validity of the 20 m multistage fitness test (MFT) for predicting maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) in active young men.Methods:Data were gathered from two phases using 30 subjects (x̄±s; age = 21.8±3.6 years, mass = 76.9±10.7 kg, stature = 1.76±0.05 m). MFT repeatability was investigated in phase 1 where 21 subjects performed the test twice. The MFT criterion validity to predict Vo2maxwas investigated in phase 2 where 30 subjects performed a continuous incremental laboratory test to volitional exhaustion to determine Vo2maxand the MFT.Results:Phase 1 showed non-significant bias between the two applications of the MFT (x̄diff±sdiff = −0.4±1.4 ml kg−1min−1; t = −1.37, p = 0.190) with 95% limits of agreement (LoA) ±2.7 ml kg−1min−1and heteroscedasticity 0.223 (p = 0.330). Log transformation of these data reduced heteroscedasticity to 0.056 (p = 0.808) with bias −0.007±0.025 (t = −1.35, p = 0.190) and LoA±0.049. Antilogs gave a mean bias on the ratio scale of 0.993 and random error (ratio limits) ×/÷1.050. Phase 2 showed that the MFT significantly underpredicted Vo2max(x̄diff±sdiff = 1.8±3.2 ml kg−1min−1; t = 3.10, p = 0.004). LoA were ±6.3 ml kg−1min−1and heteroscedasticity 0.084 (p = 0.658). Log transformation reduced heteroscedasticity to −0.045 (p = 0.814) with LoA±0.110. The significant systematic bias was not eliminated (x̄diff±sdiff = 0.033±0.056; t = 3.20, p = 0.003). Antilogs gave a mean bias of 1.034 with random error×/÷1.116.Conclusions:These findings lend support to previous investigations of the MFT by identifying that in the population assessed it provides results that are repeatable but it routinely underestimates Vo2maxwhen compared to laboratory determinations. Unlike previous findings, however, these results show that when applying an arguably more appropriate analysis method, the MFT does not provide valid predictions of Vo2max.
Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Pickett W , Streight S , Simpson K , Brison R J 
Published: March 2005

Background:There has been recent concern about neuropsychological injuries experienced by soccer players, particularly related to the purposeful heading of the ball. There are few population based analyses examining whether this is a legitimate concern.Objectives:To explore, using an existing injury surveillance system, one of many parts of this issue: acute injuries requiring emergency medical care experienced by youth soccer players.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological analysis of emergency department injury surveillance data (1996–2001) for youths aged 10–24 years from the Kingston sites of the Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program.Results:A total of 1714 cases of soccer injury were identified (mean 286 a year); 235 (13.7%) involved diagnoses of injuries to the head. Leading mechanical factors resulting in head injury were contact with other players or persons (153/235; 65.1%) and balls (62/235; 26.4%). Heading was reported in 4/62 (6%) of the ball contact injuries, and attempted heading was reported in 15/153 (9.8%) of the cases involving person to person contact. Unspecified head to head contact between players was reported in 39 cases.Conclusions:Minor head injuries that result in emergency medical treatment do not happen often in youth soccer, and very few can be attributed to the purposeful heading of the ball. Player contact injuries appear to be a more important injury control concern. This study informs one of many aspects of the soccer heading injury debate.
The Problem-Solving Workshop as a Method of Research
Authors: Fisher Ronald 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEarly proponents of the problem-solving workshop cast it as a method of research to study the phenomenon of social conflict, not only as a method of practice. As a research technique, problem-solving workshops can serve as both a forum for applying and testing concepts and models about conflict, and as a laboratory for inductive theorizing based on information provided by participants. Workshops can also be useful for identifying the typical barriers that hamper effective negotiation and for proposing ways to overcome these resistances. As a form of action research, workshops constitute a social intervention and serve as the central element in a program of activities directed toward social change through conflict resolution. Unfortunately, both the potential of workshops as a research method and the need for evaluating them as interventions are inadequately addressed by current practice.
How Much Do We Know About Real Negotiations? Problems in Constructing Case Studies
Authors: Matz David 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMuch of our theorizing, and indeed much of our "wisdom," about negotiation is based on what we claim to know about real, highly publicized negotiations. Examples from those historically prominent negotiations are cited and re-cited. This essay raises questions about the reliability of the accounts we use from those negotiations. Though documents produced during the negotiation are often useful for scholars, what we know about the actual process of the negotiation – as distinguished from the outcome – depends mainly on what the participants are willing to tell us. The scholar's remedy for this problem is a deep skepticism about any individual account, in depth interviews (where available) of participants, a comparison of various versions, and the use of an explicitly articulated "plausibility test" in sorting out conflicting views. This essay suggests that negotiation scholarship may have depended too readily on individual recollections and thus given us a distorted "data base" from which to generalize. The essay delves deeply into one negotiation (Israeli-Palestinian negotiation at Taba, January 2001) to illustrate how the comparative approach yields quite different results than does a reading of any one memoir, and then describes more briefly how some of the field's favorite examples may not, on close inspection, illustrate what we previously thought they did.
The Legal Basis for the Securities Market in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Karagoussov  , Suleimenov  
Published: March 2005

AbstractLegal support for the securities market falls within the state's activities in the person of its agencies for the purpose of enacting relevant legislation creating the necessary conditions under which securities can circulate in the most effective and appropriate manner. The state interests can thereby correspond to the needs of the public to the maximum extent, according to the objective economic laws for the development of any market-oriented society. In our case, the term "legislation" (zakonodatel'stvo) includes all the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Presidential Edicts, and decrees of the Kazakhstani Government, as well as any normative legal acts enacted by the National Securities Commission and other national executive bodies within their authorities. When dealing with legal support for the securities market, we first need to specify that such a market is understood by us as a field where certain pecuniary debt obligations, rights of participation in capital and management circulate (i.e., are sold and purchased) with respect to business entities set up in specific organizational and legal forms. The aforementioned types of property rights in the securities market are certified by a special type documents called securities, or by other methods certifying property rights established by law (e.g., non-documentary securities).As they are basically a form of certain civil law relations, not all types of securities may circulate in the securities market. In particular, mortgage certificates, bills of lading, and other types of commodity instructional documents recognized by Kazakhstani law circulate in the commodity markets, including a commodity exchange. In turn, the securities market, being an element of the financial market, includes the following types:- the capital market, where stocks and bonds are sold and purchased and where other obligations circulate relating to the attraction of funds for setting up enterprises and developing business activities, as well as for solving national or local (oblast') economic, social and cultural problems; and- the money market, where short-term monetary obligations (promissory notes, bills of exchange, checks) circulate, performing the function of payment instruments by means of delayed or split (by installments) payments.In this article, we will research the issue of legal support for the capital and money markets in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The pH-dependent transformation of schwertmannite to goethite at 25°C
Authors: Schwertmann U. , Carlson L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAt 25°C, synthetic schwertmannite, a common iron compound in acid mine drainage, completely converted in water to a sulphate-containing goethite within ~100 days. The rate of transformation doubled as the pH increased from 4.0 to 7.2. In deviation from its normal acicular habit, the goethite appeared as spherical aggregates.
GeneKeyDB: A lightweight, gene-centric, relational database to support data mining environments
Authors: Kirov SA , Peng X , Baker E , Schmoyer D , Zhang B , Snoddy J 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
The analysis of biological data is greatly enhanced by existing or emerging databases. Most existing databases, with few exceptions are not designed to easily support large scale computational analysis, but rather offer exclusively a web interface to the resource. We have recognized the growing need for a database which can be used successfully as a backend to computational analysis tools and pipelines. Such database should be sufficiently versatile to allow easy system integration.

Results
GeneKeyDB is a gene-centered relational database developed to enhance data mining in biological data sets. The system provides an underlying data layer for computational analysis tools and visualization tools. GeneKeyDB relies primarily on existing database identifiers derived from community databases (NCBI, GO, Ensembl, et al.) as well as the known relationships among those identifiers. It is a lightweight, portable, and extensible platform for integration with computational tools and analysis environments.

Conclusion
GeneKeyDB can enable analysis tools and users to manipulate the intersections, unions, and differences among different data sets.
Cloning and transcriptional analysis of the mouse receptor activity modifying protein-1 gene promoter
Authors: Pondel Marc D , Mould Richard 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Receptor activity modifying protein-1 (RAMP-1) is a single transmembrane-domain protein required for the functional expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanism(s) that activate/inhibit RAMP-1 gene expression. Such mechanism(s) are likely to play a major role in modulating the responsiveness of tissues to CGRP.

Results
To initiate studies on the transcriptional regulation of the mouse RAMP-1 gene, RAMP-1 transcriptional initiation sites were mapped in a variety of tissues. Analysis of RAMP-1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts demonstrated that RAMP-1 mRNA is expressed at greatest levels in confluent myoblasts verses non-confluent and fused myoblasts. Transfection of confluent C2C12 myoblasts and NIH 3T3 cells with RAMP-1 promoter/luciferase deletion constructs revealed that 4.7 kb of RAMP-1 5' flanking region demonstrated optimal promoter activity while 343 bp of 5' flanking region was defined as a minimal RAMP-1 promoter. In non-RAMP-1 expressing HEK293 cells, constructs containing 4.7 kb to 782 bp of RAMP-1 5' flanking region were transcriptionally inactive. However, deletion of sequences -782 to -343 activated RAMP-1 promoter activity.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that tissue specificity of RAMP-1 gene expression is mediated by a negative acting transcription factor that represses RAMP-1 gene expression in non-RAMP-1 expressing tissues. This transcription factor is therefore likely to play an important role in modulating the responsiveness of tissues to CGRP.
Anticipatory nausea in cyclical vomiting
Authors: McRonald Fiona E , Fleisher David R 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is characterised by discrete, unexplained episodes of intense nausea and vomiting, and mainly affects children and adolescents. Comprehending Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome requires awareness of the severity of nausea experienced by patients. As a subjective symptom, nausea is easily overlooked, yet is the most distressing symptom for patients and causes many behavioural changes during attacks.

Case presentation
This first-hand account of one patient's experience of Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome shows how severe nausea contributed to the development of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV), a conditioned response frequently observed in chemotherapy patients. This conditioning apparently worsened the course of the patient's disease. Anticipatory nausea and vomiting has not previously been recognised in Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome, however predictors of its occurrence in oncology patients indicate that it could complicate many cases.

Conclusion
We suggest a model whereby untreated severe and prolonged nausea provokes anxiety about further cyclical vomiting attacks. This anxiety facilitates conditioning, thus increasing the range of triggers in a self-perpetuating manner. Effective management of the nausea-anxiety feedback loop can reduce the likelihood of anticipatory nausea and vomiting developing in other patients.