bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft‐tissue wound healing following periodontal surgery and Emdogain® application
Authors: Hagenaars S. , Louwerse P. H. G. , Timmerman M. F. , Van der Velden U. , Van der Weijden G. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to examine, by clinical means and as patient perception of post‐operative events, the effect of Emdogain® (enamel matrix derivative (EMD)) on the healing of soft‐tissue wounds following periodontal surgery in comparison to flap surgeries without application of EMD.Material and Methods: For this study, 22 subjects (nine female and 13 male) who were scheduled for periodontal flap surgery were selected. The mean age for all patients was 49.9 (SD 8.7) years (range, 32–67). Six women and five men were assigned to the test group and three women and eight men were assigned to the control group. All subjects were scheduled, after re‐evaluation of the periodontal status 8 weeks after initial treatment, to undergo surgery of the soft tissues, because of existing of probing pocket depth (5 mm or more), on at least three teeth. At random, 11 patients were assigned to control treatment and 11 patients were placed in the test group. All underwent one periodontal flap surgery for the purpose of this study. A modified Widman flap was performed. Patients in the test group received an application of EMD underneath the mucoperiostal flaps and onto the exposed root surfaces. Clinical measurements were taken at four different points in time, at the time of surgery, 1, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. All subjects filled out a questionnaire every day for the first 7 days following surgery to evaluate post‐operative complaints.Results: Of all parameters evaluated none showed a significant difference between the control and EMD groups, except for gingival swelling at the 1‐week assessment, where the EMD group exhibited a higher swelling score. The questionnaire revealed that complaints of oozing of blood from the wound was twice more prevalent 1 day post‐surgery in the control (n=6) as in the EMD group (n=3).Conclusion: This study shows that the early woundhealing of periodontal flap‐surgeries in those sites treated with Emdogain® is not different from control sites.
Dentine hypersensitivity: a randomised, double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy of a fluoride‐sensitive teeth mouthrinse
Authors: Yates R. J. , Newcombe R. G. , Addy M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractObjectives: Potassium and fluoride salts have been used in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity (DH). The primary aim of this study was to compare a fluoride‐containing mouthrinse product with a placebo rinse for the treatment of DH. A secondary aim was to compare effects on plaque index (PI) and gingivitis index (GI).Material and Methods: The study was a double‐blind, randomised, two‐treatment parallel design involving 91 subjects with DH. At screening, an air evaporative stimulus (AES) was used for selection. Approximately 4 weeks later, at the baseline visit, DH was recorded, using a response‐based visual analogue scale (VAS) from upper and lower incisors, canines, premolars and first molars in response to AES and from two to six teeth in response to a cold water stimulus (CWS). PI and GI were also recorded. Subjects were then allocated the test or placebo rinse. On days 28 and 56, VAS scores were again recorded for AES and CWS, with PI and GI recorded at day 56.Results: Both groups improved symptoms to day 28 and again to day 56. The majority of the data favoured the test rinse as more effective but there was no clear evidence for a statistically significant difference between test and placebo. PI at lingual sites approached significance for the test rinse.Conclusions: The placebo response has again been shown to play a significant role in DH clinical trials and narrows the range over which to detect treatment differences. Study designs to minimise or prevent the placebo response in DH seem worthy of consideration.
Measuring inequalities in the distribution of dental caries
Authors: Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Narvai Paulo Capel , Nugent Zoann Jane 
Published: December 2004

Abstract – Objectives: To evaluate different measurements of prevalence and inequality in the distribution of dental caries as to their partial collinearity, and ability in expressing associations with the supply of fluoridated tap water, indices of socioeconomic status and provision of dental services.Methods: The DMFT, the Significant Caries (SiC) Index, the proportions of children with high‐ (DMFT ≥ 4) and rampant‐ (DMFT ≥ 7) caries experience, caries‐free children (DMFT = 0), the Gini coefficient and the Dental Health Inequality Index (DHII) were the dental outcomes appraised in a sample comprising 18 718 oral examination records for 11‐ and 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in 131 towns of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Spatial data analysis assessed the association between aggregate figures of dental indices and several covariates.Results: The DMFT, the SiC Index and the proportions of children with high‐ and rampant‐caries experience presented strong linear associations (Pearsonrnear or higher than 0.95), and an analogous profile of correlation with indicators of socioeconomic status, dental services and access to fluoride tap water. The same was observed for the DHII, the Gini coefficient and the proportion of caries‐free children. These observations involve the perception of variables in each set as interchangeable tools for ecological studies assessing factors influencing, respectively, prevalence levels and inequality in the distribution of dental disease.Conclusion: An improved characterization of the skewed distribution of caries experience demands the concurrent estimation of figures of prevalence and inequality in dental outcomes. This strategy may contribute to the design of socially appropriate programmes of oral health promotion.
Analysis of serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in the patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation: platelet is a major source of serum sCD40L
Authors: Nagasawa Masayuki , Zhu Yi , Isoda Takeshi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Itoh Sukeyuki , Kajiwara Michiko , Morio Tomohiro , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Shimizu Norio , Mizutani Shuki 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:  CD40 ligand (CD40L) is expressed not only on activated T cells but also on activated platelets. A soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is released from the activated T cells and platelets by ill‐defined proteolytic process in vitro. It has been reported that sCD40L is elevated in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, unstable angina, essential thrombocythemia, and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purupura. However, source of sCD40L in vivo remains to be elucidated. We investigated the serial sCD40L in the serum in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation and compared with the platelets number and soluble IL2R, which is a marker of activated T cells. The value of sCD40L was well correlated with platelet number or thrombopoiesis. In cases of severe graft vs. host disease with markedly increased sIL2R, sCD40L was not increased in vivo. These results indicate that sCD40L in vivo is released mainly from the platelets or in the process of platelet production but not from the activated T cells.
Growth factors and proliferation of cultured rat gingival cells in response to cyclosporin A
Authors: Yoshida Takumasa , Nagata Junji , Yamane Akira 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  The prominent side‐effect of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug, in oral tissues is gingival outgrowth, although the exact mechanism underlying this side‐effect is unclear. The main purposes of the present study were to determine whether cyclosporin A induced the gingival outgrowth by promoting proliferation of gingival cells and whether growth factors such as transforming growth factor‐βs (TGF‐βs), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), platelet‐derived growth factors (PDGFs), and insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are involved in the possible changes in the proliferation of gingival cells induced by cyclosporin A.Methods:  Cells isolated from rat gingival tissues were cultured with cyclosporin A or IGF‐I for 3 days. The effects of cyclosporin A or IGF‐I on the proliferation of cultured rat gingival cells were analyzed with a CellTiter 96 proliferation assay kit. The mRNA expression levels for TGF‐βs, FGF‐2, PDGFs, IGFs, insulin‐like growth factor receptors (IGFRs), and insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the rat gingival cells treated with cyclosporin A were measured using competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR).Results:  Cyclosporin A induced 23–25% (p < 0.001) increases in the proliferation of rat gingival cells and approximately 130% (p < 0.05) and 60% (p < 0.05) elevations in the mRNA expression levels for TGF‐β1 and FGF‐2, respectively. On the other hand, exogenous IGF‐I induced 8–11% (p < 0.05) increases in the proliferation, but cyclosporin A induced 30–80% (p < 0.05–0.01) reductions in the mRNA expression levels for endogenous IGF‐I, IGFR1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP5, and IGFBP6.Conclusions:  Cyclosporin A stimulates the proliferation of rat gingival cells. TGF‐β1 and FGF‐2 could be involved, but IGFs, IGFRs and IGFBPs could not be directly involved in this cyclosporin A induced‐stimulation of the gingival cell proliferation.
Efficiency of subgingival calculus removal with the Vector™‐system compared to ultrasonic scaling and hand instrumentation in vitro
Authors: Braun Andreas , Krause Felix , Frentzen Matthias , Jepsen Søren 
Published: December 2004

Objective:  The recently introduced Vector™‐system (Duerr Dental, Bietigheim‐Bissingen, Germany) is recommended to be used in conjunction with different insert tips and irrigation fluids. The aim of the study was to assess subgingival calculus removal depending on the mode of operation and to compare the results to conventional methods for root debridement.Methods:  Sixty extracted human teeth with calculus on the root surface were treated in an artificial periodontal pocket model using six methods: Vector™‐system with metal probe insert (VPP) or metal curette insert (VPC), both used with polishing fluid, Vector™‐system with metal probe insert (VAP) or metal curette insert (VAC), both used with abrasive fluid, EMS‐ultrasonic system (U) and hand instrument (Gracey curette). Photographs of the root surface were taken at intervals of 10 s and calculus removal was assessed using a surface analysis software until the root surfaces were cleaned completely. Analysis of variances (ANOVA) of the ranks with subsequent comparison of mean ranks and calculation of homogeneous groups (Scheffé) were used for statistical analysis.Results:  Employing the hand instrument, highest efficiency could be observed (0.340 mm2/s). Calculus removal with the Vector™‐system and metal probe insert (VPP: 0.036 mm2/s; VAP: 0.067 mm2/s) was less effective (p < 0.05) than using the system with metal curette inserts (VPC: 0.122 mm2/s; VAC: 0.209 mm2/s). Employing the abrasive fluid, removal of deposits with the metal curette insert was as efficient as with the conventional ultrasonic system (U: 0.199 mm2/s, p > 0.05).Conclusion:  The present in vitro study indicates that the efficiency of calculus removal with the Vector™‐system is significantly dependent on the selection of inserts and irrigation fluids.
Colocalization of the collagen‐binding proteoglycans decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican with different cells in human gingiva
Authors: Alimohamad H. , Habijanac T. , Larjava H. , Häkkinen L. 
Published: December 2004

Background and objective:  Decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican are structurally related molecules that belong to the family of small leucine‐rich proteoglycans (SLRPs). These SLRPs are secreted extracellular matrix molecules that interact with type I collagen and regulate collagen fibrillogenesis. They may also modulate cell functions that are important in maintenance of connective tissue structure. The aim of this study was to localize decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican in human gingiva.Methods:  Localization of decorin and its proform (prodecorin), biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican and mature and proform of type I collagen was studied by immunohistochemical staining of frozen tissue sections from healthy human attached gingiva. Double immunostaining with anti‐SLRP or anti‐type I procollagen antibodies and specific markers for different connective tissue cells was used to study association of these molecules with cells.Results:  The mature and proforms of decorin and collagen and biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican showed distinct localization in the extracellular matrix, where they associated with type I collagen fiber bundles. Prodecorin also localized to the epithelial basement membrane zone. Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells and pericytes showed immunoreactivity for procollagen, prodecorin, biglycan and fibromodulin, whereas lumican associated with fibroblasts and myofibroblasts only. Biglycan and fibromodulin were also associated with macrophages. Basal epithelial cells of the gingival epithelium showed immunoreactivity for biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican.Conclusions:  Decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican associate with type I collagen and may collaborate to regulate collagen fibrillogenesis in human gingiva. Each of the SLRPs showed a distinct association with different connective tissue cells, suggesting that the cells produce these molecules and/or that the cells interact with them. Localization of biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican at the epithelial cells suggests novel functions for these SLRPs in human gingival epithelium.
The Status of Women and the Quality of Life in Developing Societies
Authors: Clark Cal , Clark Janet 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper applies aggregate data analysis to explore the relationships among the economic development level, the status of women, and the quality of life in developing societies. In particular, it tests the hypothesis that the status of women is positively related to the quality of life even after the effects of economic growth and development are statistically controlled. Our analysis strongly confirms this hypothesis since the status of women in a society appears to rival the economic development level for explaining how good or ill is the quality of life enjoyed by its citizens. We undertook this study from the theoretical perspective that questions conceptualizing and measuring development simply in terms of the level and growth of GNP per capita. Rather, the social needs and quality of life in a society, the presumed consequences of development, are important as well.
Two new species of Hirmocystis Labbé, 1899 (Apicomplexa: Conoidasida) from Coleopteran and Lepidopteran insects in India
Authors: Chatterjee Monali , Haldar Durga 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis study records the descriptions of the structures and life cycles of two new species of Hirmocystis Labbé, 1899 (Apicomplexa: Conoidasida), H. cleorinis sp. n. and H. corcyris sp. n., from a coleopteran insect, Cleorina sp. and larvae of a lepidopteran, Corcyra cephalonica, respectively.
Progress in Heat Watch–Warning System Technology
Authors: Sheridan Scott C. , Kalkstein Laurence S. 
Published: December 2004

Among all atmospheric hazards, heat is the most deadly. With such recent notable heat events as the Chicago Heat Wave of 1995, much effort has gone into redeveloping both the methods by which it is determined whether a day will be “oppressive,” as well as the mitigation plans that are implemented when an oppressive day is forecast to occur.
This article describes the techniques that have been implemented in the development of new synoptic-based heat watch–warning systems. These systems are presently running for over two dozen locations worldwide, including Chicago, Illinois; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rome, Italy; and Shanghai, China; with plans for continued expansion. Compared to traditional systems based on arbitrary thresholds of one or two meteorological variables, these new systems account for the local human response by focusing upon the identification of the weather conditions most strongly associated with historical increases in mortality. These systems must be constructed based on the premise that weather conditions associated with increased mortality show considerable variability on a spatial scale. In locales with consistently hot summers, weather/mortality relationships are weaker, and it is only the few hottest days each year that are associated with a response. In more temperate climates, relationships are stronger, and a greater percentage of days can be associated with an increase in mortality.
Considering the ease of data transfer via the World-Wide Web, the development of these systems includes Internet file transfers and Web page creation as components. Forecasts of mortality and recommendations to call excessive-heat warnings are available to local meteorological forecasters, local health officials, and other civic authorities, who ultimately determine when warnings are called and when intervention plans are instituted.
Modulation of in vitro proliferation kinetics and primitive hematopoietic potential of individual human CD34+CD38–/lo cells in G0
Authors: Srour Edward F. , Tong Xia , Sung Ki Woong , Plett P. Artur , Rice Susan , Daggy Joanne , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Abonour Rafat , Orschell Christie M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWhether cytokines can modulate the fate of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through successive in vitro cell divisions has not been established. Single human marrow CD34+CD38–/lo cells in the G0 phase of cell cycle were cultured under 7 different cytokine combinations, monitored for proliferation on days 3, 5, and 7, then assayed for long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) function on day 7. LTC-IC function was then retrospectively correlated with prior number of in vitro cell divisions to determine whether maintenance of LTC-IC function after in vitro cell division is dependent on cytokine exposure. In the presence of proliferation progression signals, initial cell division was independent of cytokine stimulation, suggesting that entry of primitive HPCs into the cell cycle is a stochastic property. However, kinetics of proliferation beyond day 3 and maintenance of LTC-IC function were sensitive to cytokine stimulation, such that LTC-IC underwent an initial long cell cycle, followed by more synchronized shorter cycles varying in length depending on the cytokine combination. Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) transplantation studies revealed analogous results to those obtained with LTC-ICs. These data suggest that although exit from quiescence and commitment to proliferation might be stochastic, kinetics of proliferation, and possibly fate of primitive HPCs, might be modulated by extrinsic factors.
CCR6 expression defines regulatory effector/memory-like cells within the CD25+CD4+ T-cell subset
Authors: Kleinewietfeld Markus , Puentes Fabiola , Borsellino Giovanna , Battistini Luca , Rötzschke Olaf , Falk Kirsten 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRegulatory CD25+CD4+ T cells (Treg cells) are a central element of peripheral tolerance. Little is known, however, about phenotypic and functional characteristics of these cells with regard to memory. In this study we show that the chemokine receptor CCR6 is expressed on a distinct subset of mouse Treg cells. Similar to their CD25- counterparts, CCR6+ Treg cells exhibit markers of activation, memory, and expansion that are indicative for an effector-memory function. They are memory-like cells, generated in vivo from CCR6-CD25+ T cells after the encounter of antigen. As conventional CD25- effector-memory T cells, they have a high turnover rate and, in contrast to CCR6- Treg cells, they respond rapidly to restimulation in vitro with up-regulation of interleukin 10. CCR6+ Treg cells are enriched in the peripheral blood and accumulate in the central nervous system after induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This subset therefore seems to represent a population of regulatory effector-memory T cells (TREM), destined to control potentially destructive immune responses directly in inflamed tissues. Importantly, these cells are also present in humans. Here the expression of CCR6 fully cosegregates with CD45RO, an established marker of human memory T cells.
Evidence for a protective role of Mcl-1 in proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis
Authors: Nencioni Alessio , Hua Fei , Dillon Christopher P. , Yokoo Rayka , Scheiermann Christoph , Cardone Mike H. , Barbieri Eleonora , Rocco Ilaria , Garuti Anna , Wesselborg Sebastian , Belka Claus , Brossart Peter , Patrone Franco , Ballestrero Alberto 
Published: December 2004

AbstractProteasome inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity against malignancies of different histology. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that antiapoptotic factors may also accumulate as a consequence of exposure to these drugs, possibly reducing their cytotoxicity. These include the Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1, whose down-regulation has been proposed to initiate apoptosis in response to genotoxic stimuli. In this study, we found that proteasome inhibitors release cyotochrome c and second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)/Diablo and trigger the subsequent apoptotic cascade in spite of concomitant Mcl-1 increase. However, our data indicate that subtraction of Mcl-1 during apoptosis, although not required for early release of proapoptotic factors, is probably relevant in speeding up cell demise, since RNA interference-mediated Mcl-1 silencing is lethal in lymphoma cells. Consistent with this, the cytotoxic effects of proteasome inhibitors are enhanced when Mcl-1 increase is impeded. Thus, this study identifies Mcl-1 accumulation as an unwanted molecular consequence of exposure to proteasome inhibitors, which slows down their proapoptotic effects. Pharmacologic or genetic approaches targeting Mcl-1, including therapeutic RNAi, may increase the effectiveness of these compounds. (Blood. 2005;105:3255-3262)
Extemporaneous Procedures for Dissolving Risedronate Tablets for Oral Administration and for Feeding Tubes
Authors: Dansereau Richard J , Crail Debbie J 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND: Risedronate (Actonel, Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals) is commercially available only as film-coated tablets. Extemporaneous procedures for dissolving tablets for feeding tubes and for preparation of an oral liquid have not previously been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate procedures for dissolving risedronate sodium tablets for administration in liquid form and drug recovery following dissolution in cups and following passage through different types of feeding tubes. METHODS: Tablets (5 and 35 mg) were individually dispersed in 2 oz of water. After 2 minutes, the solution was stirred for 30 seconds, dispensed, and rinsed with an additional 4 oz of water. The sample was filtered and analyzed by HPLC. Ten replicates were performed using the various cups. Gastrostomy and nasoenteric tubes were flushed with 1 oz of water. Individual tablets were dispersed in 2 oz of water; after 2 minutes, the solution was stirred for 30 seconds and poured through the tube and flushed with 1 oz of water. Samples were filtered and analyzed by HPLC. Ten replicates were performed for each type of feeding tube. RESULTS: For cups, the mean amount of drug recovered ranged from 95.7% to 100.5% of the label claim, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) range of 1.1–6.3%. For gastrostomy and nasoenteric tubes, the mean amount of drug recovered ranged from 98.3% to 101.9% of label claim, with an RSD range of 0.9–3.3%. CONCLUSIONS: A simple and accurate procedure was developed for dissolving risedronate tablets in water to prepare a liquid formulation for administration orally or through feeding tubes.