bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of P-Selectin and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in TNB-Induced Colitis in Rats
Authors: Yoshida Norimasa , Yamaguchi Taiji , Nakagawa Shuji , Nakamura Yasunari , Naito Yuji , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: April 2003

It has been proposed that neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions mediated by adhesion molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against endothelial adhesion molecules, P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in rats with colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNB). Colonic inflammation was induced by administering an enema of TNB dissolved in 50% ethanol (120 mg/ml) to male Wistar rats (at a total volume of 0.25 ml per rat) after a 48-hour fast. Anti-P-selectin MAb or anti-ICAM-1 MAb was injected via the tail vein at a dose of 1 mg/kg after the induction of colitis. Rats in the control group received nonbinding mouse immunoglobulin G1. The plasma level of soluble P-selectin showed an increase within 48 h after the TNB enema. Colonic inflammation was assessed at 1 week after TNB administration. The colonic damage score and the wet weight of the colon were significantly decreased by treatment with either MAb. The increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of neutrophil accumulation, and the increase of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS), an index of lipid peroxidation, in the colonic mucosa were inhibited by both MAbs. These results suggest that neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions via P-selectin and ICAM-1 play an important role in the development of TNB-induced colitis in rats.
Erythromycin and Position Facilitated Placement of Postpyloric Feeding Tubes in Burned Patients
Authors: Komenaka Ian K. , Giffard Kimberley , Miller Julie , Schein Moshe 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> One of the main difficulties encountered in enteral nutrition in critically ill patients is the impaired gastric emptying: while the small bowel is ready the stomach is still ‘lazy’. This paper describes a simple bedside method for postpyloric feeding tube placement, using a gastric prokinetic agent, erythromycin, and patient positioning. <i>Methods: </i>In eight critically ill, burned patients a gastric feeding tube was placed in a reverse Trendelenburg, right lateral decubitus position. A dose of 250 mg of erythromycin was administered intravenously. <i>Results: </i>In 13 out of 14 attempts, the tube passed into the duodenum, a success rate of 92%. <i>Conclusions: </i>Combining the prokinetic effects of erythromycin with proper patient positioning allows a rapid bedside transpyloric placement of feeding tubes.
Detection of Cerebral Aging,an Absolute Need: Predictive Valueof Cognitive Status
Authors: Forette Françoise , Seux Marie-Laure , Thijs Lutgarde , Le Divenah Aude , Pérol Marie-Bénédicte , Rigaud Anne-Sophie , Latour Florence , Bouchacourt Patrice , Staessen Jan A. 
Published: April 2003

Cognitive performance is predictive of functional status, morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In the SYST-EUR study, the Vascular Dementia Project run on 3,111 subjects 60 years old and over, with isolated systolic hypertension, has shown that the cognitive status as measured by the MMSE was inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and age (p < 0.001) and positively correlated with the level of education (p < 0.001). It is significantly lower in patients with cardiovascular complications (p = 0.0001). Moderate alcohol consumption is linked to a higher MMSE score in women (p < 0.001) but not in men. In this study, the incidence of dementia is low and significantly related to the baseline value of the MMSE score and further analysis will show the influence of the treatment of systolic hypertension with calcium antagonists as first step on this incidence.
Essential Investigations of Patients with Suspected TIAs
Authors: Anwer Ursula E. 
Published: April 2003

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are warning episodes predicting that such patients are at high risk for stroke which potentially could be life-threatening or leave an individual with substantial disability. TIAs result from large or small vessel disease, cardiogenic embolic events and hematological abnormalities. The patient’s past and current medical history provides necessary clues suggesting which investigational tests should be conducted. Every patient presenting with a TIA should have a total blood count, electrocardiogram, and a brain imaging study. Patients with anterior circulation symptoms should undergo noninvasive carotid testing, usually by carotid duplex ultrasonography, to determine if there is a surgically remediable carotid stenosis. Patients with posterior circulation TIAs should undergo magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or a conventional arteriogram which, if positive, may be an indication for anti-platelet or anticoagulation therapy. Other testing depends on the presumptive etiology of the TIA. In general, a TIA should be considered as a serious warning of impending stroke that requires rapid and efficient investigations to define and remedy the reasons for the cerebral ischemic events. TIAs by definition may last up to 24 h, but usually are self-terminating after a few minutes. They are a serious warning of possible future strokes that may result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Once TIAs are diagnosed, the major goal is to reduce the risk of future strokes. Patients with TIAs usually present in the Emergency Room or doctor’s office. They may seek immediate medical care or relate the history of the TIA during a routine visit. As soon as a diagnosis of a TIA is considered, a careful past and current medical history should be taken to substantiate the diagnosis. Conditions which mimic TIAs need to enter into the differential diagnosis and, if necessary, be ruled out. For example, a Todd’s transient paralysis can follow a partial focal seizure. Migraine auras may also mimic TIAs, particularly in the elderly. Any space-occupying lesions and arteriovenous malfunction may first present with a TIA-like complaint. Peripheral nerve disease must be recognized since it can cause transient weakness and/or numbness affecting one limb.
The Predictive Value of Achieved Motor Milestones Assessed in 441 Patients with Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types II and III
Authors: Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz Irena , Borkowska Janina , Zerres Klaus 
Published: April 2003

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is classified into three main subtypes (I–III), defined by age at onset and achieved motor milestones. As age at onset can be very early in SMA II and III (IIIa, onset <3 years) and does not necessarily correlate with prognosis, the question arises whether the child can be correctly assigned to a specific SMA type at the time of presentation based on the assessment of motor function. Therefore we studied the motor milestones in 175 SMA type II and 266 SMA type III patients. In SMA II, 73% of the patients sat within the normal age range (up to 9 months), the remainder learned to do so at ages between 10 and 30 months. In SMA III, the walking milestone was passed with delay (given an upper normal limit of 18 months) in 10% of all and 16% of SMA IIIa patients (median age 13 months, range 9–53 months). There was a correlation between late sitting and walking in SMA III, since those who sat after 9 months were responsible for the majority of delayed walkers. The median age when becoming chairbound did not differ between early-onset SMA III patients who walked with delay and those who walked within the normal age range (10.2 versus 10.5 years). In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients with early-onset SMA classified as SMA II on the basis of achieved motor function turned out to be SMA III at later follow-up. It is important to reassess a child in the first 2–4 years, to determine whether walking can be achieved with or without aids, as children who start to walk late have a similar favourable outcome for ambulation compared to earlier walkers.
The Role of Endothelin inEarly Renal Cortical Reperfusionin Renal Transplantation
Authors: Hammad F.T. , Davis G. , Zhang X. , Wheatley A.M. 
Published: April 2003

The role of specific endothelin receptors in the early renal reperfusion and long-term survival in renal transplantation was investigated in Lewis rats. Left renal transplantation was performed following 2 h cold ischaemia without and with ET<sub>A</sub> receptor antagonism and following 16 h cold ischaemia with no treatment, with ET<sub>A</sub> receptor antagonism and with ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonism. The ET<sub>A</sub> and ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonists, BQ-610 and A-192621 respectively, were added to the preservation solution. Renal cortical perfusion (RCP) was measured postoperatively using laser Doppler flowmetry. All rats in the 2-hour groups survived for 15 days. Animals in the untreated 16-hour group or in the A-192621-treated group died between days 3 and 6 after surgery. Fifty percent of the rats in the 16-hour and BQ-610-treated group died between days 4 and 7 after surgery while the other 50% survived for 15 days. Survival rates correlated well with both the postoperative serum creatinine and the recovery of RCP. We conclude that addition of an ET<sub>A</sub> receptor antagonist to the preservation solution improves renal reperfusion and long-term survival following prolonged ischaemia, whereas ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonism does neither.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Profilin-3: A Novel Cytoskeleton-Associated Gene Expressed in Rat Kidney and Testes
Authors: Hu Erding , Chen Zunxuan , Fredrickson Todd , Zhu Yuan 
Published: April 2003

Profilin is a small actin-binding protein that is involved in diverse functions such as maintaining cell structure integrity, cell mobility, tumor cell metastasis, as well as growth factor signal transduction. In this paper, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of a novel form of profilin, termed profilin-3, from rat kidney using a PCR-based procedure for isolating tissue-specific genes. The profilin-3 cDNA encoded 137 amino acids, and it shared extensive homology to profilin-1 and profilin-2 from mice and humans. More strikingly, the expression of profilin-3 was highly selective, and its mRNA was only found in the kidney and to a much lesser extent in the testis. The size of the mRNA for profilin-3 in the testis was 1.2 kb, while in kidney it was approximately 4.4–5 kb, suggesting the presence of tissue-specific transcription from different promoters. In addition, we also found that the expression of profilin-3 mRNA was significantly elevated in two types of renal diseases: diabetic nephropathy (db/db mice) and polycystic kidney diseases (cpk mice). Similar to profilin-1 and profilin-2, profilin-3 was localized in the cytoplasmic domain. Furthermore, it was capable of interacting with actin and poly-<i>L</i>-proline in an in vitro assay as well as in transfected cells. These results strongly suggest that, contrary to the ubiquitous presence of profilin-1 and profilin-2, there is a tissue-specific form of these cytoskeleton-regulatory proteins and that the kidney/testes-specific profilin-3 may play a unique role in renal and/or reproductive functions.
Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Partial and Complete Resistance
Authors: Williams William N. , Brown Jr. W.S. , Payne Amy , Turner Glenn E. , Wharton Paul W. 
Published: April 2003

This study assessed a sample of normal-speaking individuals’ ability to discriminate differences in their self-generated intraoral air pressures. Two conditions were employed: (1) open tube in which subjects had to sustain an expiratory breath stream to maintain the target pressure, and (2) closed tube in which there was complete resistance to the subjects’ breath stream. Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in subjects’ ability to discriminate differences in their self-generated intraoral air pressure as a function of open or closed tube conditions. However, subjects’ discrimination scores significantly increased (p < 0.05) as the standard pressure was increased.
Add-Back Therapy: Extending Safety and Efficacy of GnRH Analogues in the Gynecologic Patient
Authors: Surrey Eric S. 
Published: April 2003

GnRH analogues have been demonstrated to be effective medical therapy for symptomatic endometriosis. The use of these agents has been limited to 6 months due to hypoestrogenic side effects. A variety of steroidal and nonsteroidal add-back regimens have been used in an effort to eliminate such side effects while maintaining efficacy in order to enhance compliance, safety and duration such side effects while maintaining efficacy in order to enhance compliance, safety and duration of administration of these agents. Only 3 regimens have been shown to be efficacious in prolonging analogue use beyond 6 months by reducing vasomotor symptoms as well as preventing significant bone mineral density loss. These include daily norethindrone acetate 5 mg alone or in conjunction with conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg daily, as well as norethindrone 2.5 mg daily in conjunction with an organic bisphosphonate. With further investigation, such regimens may allow safe prolongation of GnRH analogue use without sacrificing efficacy in those endometriosis patients with severe pelvic pain.
Insulin Response Patterns Contribute to Different Perinatal Risks in Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Yamada Hideto , Hirayama Kato Emi , Tsuruga Ritsuko , Ebina Yasuhiko , Kobashi Gen , Sagawa Tadashi , Makita Zenji , Koike Takao , Fujimoto Seiichiro 
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the insulin dynamics of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to compare perinatal outcomes according to the insulin response patterns. Twenty-two out of 925 consecutive women examined were diagnosed as having GDM. One hundred and ten women who experienced a normal pregnancy were used as controls. Plasma glucose levels and insulin responses were evaluated by a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Immunoreactive insulin (IRI), the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose (AUCg) and insulin (AUCi), and the insulinogenic index (II = ΔIRI 30 min/ΔBS 30 min) were measured. The GDM patients were divided into three subgroups, consisting of hyper-, normo- and hypoinsulinemic groups, according to the mean ± 2 SD of the AUCi obtained from the controls. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared among the GDM subgroups and controls. The GDM patients showed impaired insulin secretion to glucose stimuli, with low plasma insulin levels (at 30 min) and reduced insulin/glucose ratios (at 30 and 60 min) early in the 75-gram OGTT. The II and AUCi/AUCg values of GDM patients were reduced as compared with those of controls. These reduced insulin responses were remarkable in hypo- and normoinsulinemic GDM patients, but were not detected in hyperinsulinemic GDM patients. The number of babies large for their gestational age in normo- and hypoinsulinemic GDM patients was significantly higher than that in hyperinsulinemic GDM patients or controls. Hyperinsulinemic GDM patients had a high frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension (40%). The body mass index prior to pregnancy of hyperinsulinemic GDM patients was significantly higher than that of normoinsulinemic GDM patients or controls. It was demonstrated that not only insulin secretion, but also perinatal clinical characteristics, differed among the GDM subgroups. The heterogeneity of the disease was thus confirmed.
Local Immune Response in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Hachisuga Toru , Fukuda Koichi , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko 
Published: April 2003

The role of Langerhans cells as antigen-presenting cells was examined in cervical carcinomas. Frozen samples were obtained from 34 women with stage Ib and II cervical carcinomas. Langerhans cells (CD1), T lymphocytes (CD4 and CD8), B lymphocytes (CD22), and natural killer (CD57, NK) cells were all quantitatively assessed in cervical carcinomas using immunohistochemical methods. These results were related to the MHC class I and II expression on the tumor cells. The majority of Langerhans cells were distributed among cancer cells and they were positively correlated with CD4+, NK and B cells in cervical carcinomas. This is suggestive of the presence of local immune response. The numbers of Langerhans, CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells did not significantly correlate with age at operation, lymph node metastases or depth of cervical wall invasion. The downregulation of MHC class I expression found in 8 (24%) carcinomas was not associated with the decrease in the number of immunologic cells. The upregulation of MHC class II expression found in 26 (76%) carcinomas was significantly associated with the increase in the number of Langerhans cells (p < 0.007). However, the association between the upregulation of MHC-II expression and CD4+ cells did not reach statistical significance (p < 0.07). This is probably due to a small case in this study. MHC-II-restricted immunity may partly contribute to the local immune response in stages Ib and II squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Influence of Melatonin on Basal and Gonadotropin-Stimulated Progesterone and Estradiol Secretion of Cultured Human Granulosa Cells and in the Superfused Granulosa Cell System
Authors: Bódis J. , Koppán M. , Kornya L. , Tinneberg H.R. , Török A. 
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to explore the direct action of melatonin (Me) on basal and gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone (PG) and estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) secretion of human granulosa cells (GCs) cultured in serum-free medium and in a superfused GC system. Human GCs were isolated from preovulatory follicular fluid aspirated from 34 women undergoing in vitro fertilization at the University Women’s Hospital of Tübingen. PG and E<sub>2</sub> production was measured in the presence and absence of Me, propranolol, LH or FSH using radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. Me stimulated E<sub>2</sub> secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Propranolol did not cause any change in E<sub>2</sub> secretion, and when given with Me, it only partially blocked but could not entirely prevent E<sub>2</sub> output. There was no statistically significant effect of Me on PG production when Me was administered at concentrations between 10<sup>–4</sup> and 10<sup>–8</sup> <i>M</i>. However, at 10<sup>–3</sup> <i>M</i> Me significantly suppressed PG output of granulosa cells. LH and FSH significantly stimulated the secretion of both steroid hormones. Me significantly reduced LH- and FSH-induced E<sub>2</sub> secretion, as well as LH-stimulated PG output, while it caused only a slight, yet significant decrease in PG secretion. In the superfused GC system, FSH and LH resulted in a significant stimulatory effect on PG release. Me did not modify the stimulatory effect of FSH on PG, while it caused some delay in LH-stimulated PG release. Propranolol and Me had no stimulatory effect on PG release. On the basis of our results we suggest that Me has a direct modulatory effect on basal E<sub>2</sub> and gonadotropin-stimulated E<sub>2</sub> and PG secretion of human GCs. The observed effect may play a physiological role in the regulation of GC function during the menstrual cycle.
Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit zweier Zephalosporine in der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei abdominalen und vaginalen Hysterektomien und gynäkologischen Laparotomien
Authors: Regidor P.-A. , Bier U.W. , Preuss M.J.H.A. , Eickhoff C. , Hillger H. , Kienle E. , Schindler A.E. 
Published: April 2003

Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit zweier Zephalosporine in der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei Patientinnen, die einer abdominalen oder vaginalen Hysterektomie oder einer gynäkologischen Laparotomie unterzogen wurden, zu testen, um die Rate postoperativer Störungen der Wundheilung zu verringern. Insgesamt wurden 199 Patientinnen prospektiv in zwei Gruppen randomisiert. Die erste Gruppe (n = 100) erhielt perioperativ 1 g Cefotiam (Spizef<sup>®</sup>) und 0,5 g Metronidazol (Clont<sup>®</sup>) intravenös 30 min vor der Operation, während die zweite Gruppe (n = 99) 2 g Cefoxitin (Mefoxitin<sup>®</sup>) intravenös erhielt, ebenfalls 30 min vor der Operation. Die Wirksamkeit der Prophylaxe wurde sowohl klinisch als auch aufgrund von laborchemischen Parametern objektiviert. Bei 97 Patientinnen (97%) der Cefotiam-Gruppe und bei 94 Patientinnen (94%) der Cefoxitin-Gruppe traten keine Wundheilungsstörungen auf. Keine postoperativen systemischen Infektionen wurden bei 81% der Cefotiam-Gruppe und 85% der Cefoxitin-Gruppe beobachtet. 98% der Patientinnen der Cefotiam-Gruppe und 97% der Patientinnen der Cefoxitin-Gruppe wiesen eine sehr gute bzw. gute Verträglichkeit der Medikation auf. In beiden Gruppen traten, durch die Antibiotikaprophylaxe bedingt, jeweils nur bei 3 Patientinnen Übelkeit bzw. Erbrechen auf. Die Untersuchung ergab im gesamten Kollektiv sehr niedrige Infektionsraten. Cefotiam in niedriger Dosierung und Metronidazol waren genauso wirksam wie Cefoxitin. Zephalosporine der zweiten Generation in Kombination mit Metronidazol können daher als sehr wirksame und nebenwirkungsarme Antibiotika bei der Prophylaxe lokaler Infektionen angesehen werden.
Eating Disorders in Young Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Daneman Denis , Olmsted Marion , Rydall Anne , Maharaj Sherry , Rodin Gary 
Published: April 2003

Disordered eating attitudes and behavior are common and persistent in adolescent and young adult females with type 1 diabetes, and are associated with impaired metabolic control and a higher risk of diabetes-related complications. Specific aspects of diabetes and its management, e.g. weight gain associated with initiation of insulin treatment or improved metabolic control, and dietary restraint, may trigger the body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness that accompany eating disturbances. Health care providers should be aware of the possible association between eating disturbances and diabetes, and also of the types of behavior, particularly insulin omission for weight loss, that are common in these young women. Therapy will depend on the severity of the eating disturbance. Group psychoeducation, incorporating a nondeprivational approach to eating, may prove effective, especially in those with milder degrees of eating and weight psychopathology.