bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vestibular‐Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Infancy and Early Childhood
Authors: Sheykholesami Kianoush , Kaga Kimitaka , Megerian Cliff A. , Arnold James E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective: Hearing impairment and the often concurrent loss of vestibular function, which is rarely assessed in infants, can both impair sensory integration critical to the development of normal motor coordination. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that vestibular function in infants can be noninvasively assessed using vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Our intentions were to demonstrate that VEMPs can be reliably recorded from neonates and to compare neonatal VEMPs with those obtained from normal adults.Study Design: Prospective cohort study.Methods: Myogenic evoked potentials induced by air‐ and bone‐conducted auditory stimuli were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscles of 12 normal neonates and 12 neonates with various clinical findings. These included infants with bilateral atresia of the external auditory canals, Treacher‐Collins syndrome, and neonates who failed universal neonatal screening.Results: With the exception of one patient with hearing loss, reproducible biphasic VEMPs were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle of all the infants using loud, short tone‐burst sounds.Conclusions: The VEMP has characteristics that differentiate it from the postauricular response and the Jaw reflex. The VEMPs were dominant on the side ipsilateral to the stimulated ear. The overall morphology of the neonatal VEMP is quite similar to that of adults. The major neonatal differences are a shorter latency of the n23 peak and higher amplitude variability. Our results suggest that recording of the VEMP in neonates with various audio‐vestibular problems provides useful information about vestibular function in this population and may provide information that leads to better care and rehabilitation for neonates at risk of developmental and motor system delay.
A Model for Cochlear Implant Electrode Insertion and Force Evaluation: Results with a New Electrode Design and Insertion Technique
Authors: Roland J Thomas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives and Hypothesis: This study has the specific aim of evaluating the insertion characteristics of a new cochlear implant electrode. Techniques for evaluation of fluoroscopic real time mechanical insertion dynamics, histologic electrode position and trauma results, hydraulic force, and mechanical insertion forces are presented. In addition, this study should serve to present a novel model for cochlear implant electrode insertion evaluations.Study Design: Prospective analysis using a series of analytical techniques.Methods: All studies are conducted in fixed cadaveric temporal bones. Real time fluoroscopic insertion evaluations, histologic evaluations for trauma and electrode position in embedded bones, hydraulic measures, and mechanical intracochlear force measurements are conducted with a current and new electrode.Results: The Contour Advance electrode provides a more reliable and less traumatic insertion when deployed with the Advance Off Stylet technique. This is largely because of a reduction in intracochlear outer wall force generation. Fluoroscopic and histologic analysis reveal a smooth insertion without reliance on cochlear outer wall contact. No hydraulic forces were detected when measured from the superior semicircular canal ampulla.Conclusion: The model used for this study provides valuable information to cochlear implant surgeons and design engineers. The Contour Advance electrode, inserted with the Advance Off Stylet technique, represents an improvement over the Contour electrode inserted with the standard insertion technique.
Thyroplasty Type I With Montgomery Implant among Native French Language Speakers with Unilateral Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , El Sharkawy Louay , Holsinger F Christopher , Hans Stéphane , Ménard Madeleine , Brasnu Daniel 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective:To document the long‐term results achieved with the Montgomery implant in 96 French speakers with a unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis (ULNP).Study Design:Retrospective series, inception cohort of 96 patients.Methods:Data regarding morbidity and functional results were obtained at regular visits to our clinic. All patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months or until death. Forty‐two patients had a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up. Early in the study, 36 patients were prospectively recorded under similar conditions before placement of the Montgomery implant and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Results:None of the 96 patients died in the immediate postoperative period. The perioperative course was unremarkable in 94.8% of cases. Perioperative problems included failure to obtain a satisfactory phonatory result in three patients, difficulty to stabilize the implant posteriorly in one patient, and fracture of the inferior rim of the thyroid cartilage window in another patient. The primary immediate postoperative problem (within the first postoperative month) was laryngeal dyspnea, noted in four patients. According to the patient's subjective assessment, speech and voice was always improved in the immediate postoperative period. However, three patients had secondary degradation of speech and voice. Revision surgery under local anesthesia resulted in a 97.9% ultimate speech and voice success rate. According to the patient's subjective assessment, adequate swallowing in the immediate postoperative period was achieved in 94.2% of cases that had swallowing problems preoperatively. A significant statistical increase in the duration parameters (phonation time, phrase grouping, speech rate) together with a statistical significant decrease in both the jitter and shimmer values was noted when comparing the preoperative and the postoperative values at 1 month. Analysis of the evolution of the speech and voice parameters at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively showed a significant decrease in the fundamental frequency and noise‐to‐harmonic ratio values but did not demonstrate any significant differences for the other speech and voice parameters.Conclusions:From the reported data, we conclude that the type I thyroplasty with Montgomery implant insertion is a safe and reproducible method to treat ULNP. Furthermore, this system achieves very good and stable phonatory results. Finally, the use of this technique and implant system appears safe in patients from various cultures with ULNP from a variety of causes and severe comorbidity. Over the past decade at our department, this procedure progressively replaced the use of the intracordal injection of autologous fat injection that was initially advocated in patients with ULNP.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Transcripts in Malignant Inverted Papilloma are from Integrated HPV DNA
Authors: McKay Shawn P. , Grégoire Lucie , Lonardo Fulvio , Reidy Patrick , Mathog Robert H. , Lancaster Wayne D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives: The objectives of the study were to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences in nasal inverted papilloma (IP) lesions and to determine whether HPV is involved in the progression of IP to sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study Design: A retrospective study was performed on 14 patients diagnosed with IP within the last 12 years. Three of these 14 patients developed SCC.Methods: Eighteen formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks were obtained for these 14 patients. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, followed by hybridization using HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, and 52 specific DNA probes, in an attempt to identify HPV type in each specimen. After RNA extraction, the integration status of the HPV genome was evaluated based on the relative abundance of E7 and E5 viral transcripts, assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR.Results: HPV sequences were detected in samples from 3 of the 14 patients with IP. Of the three patients with SCC, HPV sequences were detected in two patients, whereas one patient was negative for the oligoprobes tested. Of the 11 patients diagnosed only with IP, 1 patient was positive for HPV DNA (HPV type 11). This difference in HPV positivity between IP and SCC was not statistically significant (P = .09, Fisher's Exact test, two tailed). Viral transcripts were detected in both patients with SSC who were HPV positive. Because HPV early transcripts are polycistronic, loss of 3′ transcript sequences (E5) and retention of 5′ sequences (E7) indicates integration. One of the SSC containing HPV 18 sequences showed a E7/E5 ratio of 776:1. The other SSC showed E7 transcripts and an absence of E5 transcriptsConclusion: HPV transcripts were present in SCC positive for HPV, and the relative level of E7 to E5 transcripts indicates integration of the viral genome. These findings are suggestive of HPV having an active role in the lesion. More extensive studies are needed to determine the exact role of HPV in IP and progression to SCC.
Biomechanical Strength of Human Nasal Septal Lining: Comparison of the Constituent Layers
Authors: Kim David W. , Egan Kristin K. , O'Grady Kevin , Toriumi Dean M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: Nasal septal perforation is a common complication following surgery involving the nasal septum. Septoplasty, septorhinoplasty, and submucosal resection may result in the inadvertent resection of perichondrium, which may predispose the patient to septal perforations.Study Design: Controlled human cadaver study testing the biomechanical strength of the constituent layers of nasal septal lining.Methods: Uniform samples of nasal septal mucosa, perichondrium, and a composite of both layers were obtained from five fresh human cadavers. The mechanical tensile strength of these layers was evaluated and compared with the Instron 4301 Mechanical Testing System (Canton, MA).Results: Mixed‐effects regression analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the tensile strength of the three groups (mean values ± SD: mucosa, 662 ± 308 g; perichondrium, 1370 ± 798 g; composite, 2340 ± 1252 g). All three pairwise comparisons among the three groups showed a significant difference in tensile strength.Conclusion: The perichondrial layer imparts the majority of the biomechanical strength to septal lining. Lining flaps containing both perichondrium and mucosa are stronger than flaps with either perichondrium or mucosa alone. Dissection in the subperichondrial plane during septal surgery provides a stronger septal flap and may prevent the development of nasal septal perforation during nasal surgery.
The Degree and Time‐Course Assessment of Radiation‐Induced Trismus Occurring After Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Wang Chon‐Jong , Huang Eng‐Yen , Hsu Hsuan‐Chih , Chen Hui‐Chun , Fang Fu‐Min , Hsiung Ching‐Yeh 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The objectives were to measure the degree of trismus induced after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer and assess its progress over time.Study Design: A prospective, single‐armed measurement study with long‐term follow‐up.Methods: Seventeen patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated between 1997 and 1999 were studied. Patients were given radiation therapy with bilateral parallel‐opposing ports of 45 Gy, 25 fractions, then with a reduced volume to 68.4 to 70.2 Gy. The end point was the degree of trismus, which was measured by serial changes of the maximal interincisal distance (MID) at various specified time points before, during, and after radiation therapy.Results: During the 9 weeks of radiation therapy there was no significant change of MID (normalized MID ranged from 99.8% to 97%). The rate of decrease during this period was 1.3% per month. After radiation therapy there was a rapid decrease of MID between 1 and 9 months (normalized MID values at 1 and 9 mo were 95.5% ± 3.1% and 74.2% ± 5.7%, respectively). The rate of decrease during this period was dramatic (2.4%/mo). One year after radiation therapy, the rate of decrease became slower but was still measurable (0.2%/mo for the period from 12 to 24 mo). For the period from 24 to 48 months. the rate dropped to 0.1% per month. By the end of 48 months, normalized MID was 67.8% ± 7.6%.Conclusion: By means of measurement over a period of time, it was found that patients with nasopharyngeal cancer had a mean decrease in initial interincisal distance of 32% at 4 years after radiotherapy. The trismus process evolved at different rates. It was rapid at 1 to 9 months after radiation therapy, then became slower and protracted over later years.
Surgical Utility of a New Carbon Dioxide Laser Fiber: Functional and Histological Study
Authors: Devaiah Anand K. , Shapshay Stanley M. , Desai Urman , Shapira Gil , Weisberg Ori , Torres David S. , Wang Zhi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The objective was to investigate the functional and histological properties of surgical procedures using a new carbon dioxide (CO2) laser fiber.Study Design: In vitro and in vivo animal models.Methods: In vitro experiments using porcine true vocal cord and arytenoid cartilage were designed to study the histological effects of using a photonic band‐gap fiber assembly for CO2 laser energy delivery. Continuous and pulsed‐wave settings at different wattages were tested. In vivo endoscopic surgery on canine larynges and buccal mucosa were performed to examine functional and short‐term healing when performing photonic band‐gap fiber assembly–assisted laser surgery.Results: In vitro experiments showed consistent cutting with the photonic band‐gap fiber assembly using either straight or 90° bent‐tip fibers. The surrounding tissue in these experiments showed little collateral thermal damage with the average range of thermal width from 14.1 to 18.8 μm in vocal cords and from 5.2 to 10.5 μm in cartilage. Similarly, thermal depth ranged from 28.0 to 350.0 μm in vocal cords and from 269.7 to 739.6 μm in cartilage. In vivo experiments demonstrated ease in maneuvering and flexibility for cutting. There was minimal blood loss, smoke plume, or carbonaceous debris. There were no postprocedural complications. Normal oral intake was noted on postprocedural day 1. There was no evidence of stridor or respiratory distress. Seven days after the procedure, re‐epithelialization was complete in the buccal incisions and nearly completed in the laryngeal incisions.Conclusion: The photonic band‐gap fiber assembly produced reliable results in cutting with functional characteristics representing an improvement over current technology. The device shows promise as an effective tool for minimally invasive procedures that are amenable to use of the CO2 laser.
Mucosal Biofilm Formation on Middle‐Ear Mucosa in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Dohar Joseph E. , Hebda Patricia A. , Veeh Richard , Awad Marie , Costerton J William , Hayes Jay , Ehrlich Garth D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground: An increased awareness of bacterial biofilms and their formation has led to a better understanding of bacterial infections that occur in the middle ear. Perhaps the best studied pathogen for its propensity toward biofilm formation is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also the primary pathogen in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether P. aeruginosa forms a biofilm in the middle ear in the setting of CSOM in a nonhuman primate model.Methods: Cynomolgus monkeys underwent perforation of the tympanic membrane and inoculation of the middle ear with a known biofilm‐forming strain of P. aeruginosa. The contralateral ear was used as an internal control and was neither perforated nor infected. At the end of the study period, both ears were irrigated to remove planktonic bacteria, and the middle ear mucosa was removed and examined ultrastructurally using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for determination of the presence or absence of biofilm formation.Main Outcome Measure: The identification of middle ear biofilm containing rod‐shaped bacteria.Results: SEM revealed that P. aeruginosa formed bacterial biofilm in vivo on the middle ear mucosal surface, seen only in the infected ear. Interestingly, biofilm formation caused by cocci was also seen in both the experimental as well as the control ear.Conclusion:
P. aeruginosa forms biofilms in the middle ear in CSOM in primates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of disease‐associated bacterial biofilm in a nonhuman primate model of CSOM. Such a model lays a foundation for much needed study into the role of biofilms in the pathophysiology of CSOM. Should CSOM be caused by biofilms, which is uncertain at this time, development of novel strategies for treatment and prevention may be possible. The finding of both rods and cocci forming biofilms also warrants further investigation.
Sensitive Pepsin Immunoassay for Detection of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Knight John , Lively Mark O. , Johnston Nikki , Dettmar Peter W. , Koufman Jamie A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To determine whether measurement of pepsin in throat sputum by immunoassay could be used as a sensitive and reliable method for detecting laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) compared with 24‐hour double‐probe (esophageal and pharyngeal) pH monitoring.Study Design: Patients with clinical LPR undergoing pH monitoring provided throat sputum samples during the reflux‐testing period for pepsin measurement using enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay.Results: Pepsin assay results from 63 throat sputum samples obtained from 23 study subjects were compared with their pH monitoring data. Twenty‐two percent (14/63) of the sputum samples correlated the presence of pepsin with LPR (pH ≤ 4 at the pharyngeal probe), of which the median concentration of pepsin was 0.18 μg/mL (range 0.003–22 μg/mL). Seventy‐eight percent (49/63) of the samples unassociated with (pharyngeal) reflux contained no detectible pepsin. Mean pH values for pepsin‐positive samples were significantly lower than negative samples at both esophageal probe (pH 2.2 vs. pH 5.0) (P < .01) and the pharyngeal probe (pH 4.4 vs. pH 5.8) (P < .01). When the pepsin assay results were compared with the pharyngeal pH data for detecting reflux (events pH ≤ 4), the pepsin immunoassay was 100% sensitive and 89% specific for LPR.Conclusions: Detection of pepsin in throat sputum by immunoassay appears to provide a sensitive, noninvasive method to detect LPR.
Jugular Foramen Schwannomas: Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Wilson Matthew A. , Hillman Todd A. , Wiggins Richard H. , Shelton Clough 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To describe the presentation, radiographic findings, and surgical management of seven patients who have been diagnosed and treated with jugular foramen schwannomas at the University of Utah.Study Design: Retrospective chart review.Methods: The charts of seven patients diagnosed with jugular foramen schwannomas were reviewed for presentation symptoms, radiographic findings, and physical examination findings. For the six who underwent surgical excision, the surgical procedure used, cranial nerve function results, audiometric results, perioperative complications, and other follow‐up data are presented.Results: Seven patients were identified from ages 24 to 69 years. Six of the seven underwent surgical excision. Primary presentation symptoms included dizziness, hearing loss, dysphagia, diplopia, tongue paresis, and hoarseness. The choice of surgical approach was based on the size and location of the tumor. All patients had complete excision of their tumors. The nerve of origin included the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and spinal accessory nerves. Preoperative cranial nerve dysfunction continued postoperatively for lower cranial nerves but resolved in patients who were noted to have preoperative dysfunction of cranial nerve V and VI. The rate of new lower cranial nerve injury was 15% and was only seen in the cranial nerves that were determined to be the nerve of origin. In two cases, a temporary feeding tube was required. No recurrences have been noted to date.Conclusions: Jugular foramen schwannomas can be successfully diagnosed preoperatively with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These tumors can be successfully managed with surgery and low morbidity.
Body Fat Composition: A Predictive Factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Öğretmenoğlu Oğuz , Süslü Ahmet Emre , Yücel Ömer Taşkn , Önerci Tevfik Metin , Şahin Altay 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective: To investigate body fat composition, measured by bioelectrical impedance assay (BIA), for predicting the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Body fat composition was also compared with other well‐known OSAHS predictors such as body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and abdominal visceral fat.Study Design: A prospective study was designed. Fifty‐one patients (41 male, 10 female), who were referred to Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery with suspected OSAHS, between April 2003 and June 2004, were included in the study.Methods: All patients underwent polysomnography (PSG) and were classified according to their apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) into four groups. The cross‐sectional area of abdominal visceral fat was measured by computed tomography (CT) scanning in 33 of the patients. Neck circumference and BMI was measured for all patients. BIA was performed to determine body fat composition. The groups were compared, and correlation of the variables with AHI was investigated.Results: Of the variables, BMI and percentage of body fat (determined by BIA) were found to be significantly correlated with AHI (r = 0.782, r = 0.647). CT of cross‐sectional area of abdominal visceral fat provided 100% sensitivity and specificity (P < .001) in differentiating simple snorers from OSAHS patients. By combining percentage of body fat and body fat mass, higher levels of sensitivity (95%) and specificity (100%) were achieved for diagnosis of OSAHS.Conclusion: It was concluded that the BIA could be an inexpensive and practical alternative to prePSG screening tests and should be included in the evaluation of OSAHS patients.
Limited Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Israeli Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Talmi Yoav P. , Yakirevitch Arkadi , Migirov Lela , Horowitz Zeev , Bedrin Lev , Simon Zvi , Pfeffer M Raphael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHypothesis/Objective: The use of complementary or alternative medicine (CAM) is growing among cancer patients. A Medline search failed to reveal any dedicated report of CAM use specifically in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).Study Design: Use of CAM was evaluated in a cohort of treated HNC patients.Methods: Patients treated for HNC were asked if they had used CAM since their diagnosis. Demographic data and data pertaining to mode of CAM, duration of treatment and effects were obtained.Results: One hundred forty‐three patients (mean age 61 years) were included. Only nine patients (6.3%) reported using disease related CAM. This included acupuncture (4), Reiki (2), naturopathy (2), hypnosis (1), shiatsu (1), chiropractic treatment (1), homeopathy (1), and selenium (1).Conclusion: Contrary to the reported use, few of our HNC patients used CAM. Although this could be related to good caregiver‐patient relationship, further studies in comparable populations are warranted to evaluate if this is a local or a pervading finding in head and neck cancer patients.