bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
15 The clinical relevance of serum versus CSF NMDAR autoantibodies associated exclusively with psychiatric features: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Lim Mao Fong , Blackman Graham , Pollak Thomas , Al-Diwani Adam , Symmonds Mkael , Mazumder Asif , Carter Ben , Irani Sarosh , David Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Objectives/AimsA variety of psychiatric syndromes are associated with NMDAR autoantibodies; however, their clinical relevance when only present in the serum is unclear. We explored whether patients with CSF NMDAR autoantibodies could be distinguished from patients with serum-only NMDAR autoantibodies.MethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycINFO were searched. Articles reporting adult patients with isolated psychiatric features and positive for NMDAR autoantibodies with relevant investigations were included. Patient level meta-analysis compared patients positive for CSF NMDAR autoantibodies with patients positive for serum NMDAR autoantibodies, but negative for CSF NMDAR autoantibodies. Dichotomous data were analysed using crude odds ratios (OR), whilst continuous data were analysed using Mann-Whitney Test (U). The protocol was prospectively registered (CRD42018082210).ResultsOf 4413 publications, 42 were included, reporting 79 patients. Median age was 34 years (IQR 19 years); 56% (45/79) were female and 24% (16/68) had a tumour. In total, 41 patients were positive for CSF autoantibodies and 20 were positive for serum- only autoantibodies. Patients with CSF autoantibodies were significantly more likely to be female (p< 0.001) and have a rapid (< 3 month) onset of symptoms (p= 0.02) than patients with serum-only autoantibodies. They were also more likely to present with psychosis (p< 0.001), exhibit EEG (p= 0.006), MRI (p= 0.002), and CSF (p= 0.001) abnormalities, but less likely to present with insomnia (p= 0.04).ConclusionsPatients with an isolated psychiatric syndrome with CSF NMDAR autoantibodies can potentially be distinguished from those with serum-only NMDAR autoantibodies based on clinicodemographic and investigation findings.
16 Comparing communication in face-to-face and telephone epilepsy consultations
Authors: Reuber Markus 
Published: November 2023

Objectives/AimsResearch suggests that patients and neurologists are generally satisfied with the use of teleconsultations in the treatment of seizure disorders. However, to gain a full picture of the relative merits of face-to-face and teleconsultations, we need to compare them empirically using recordings of real-life neurologist-patient interactions. Studies from other areas of medicine suggest that consultations can be compared on three levels of increasing detail:Abstract level: comparing the duration of consultations.Structural level: comparing how talking time is distributed between the doctor and patient/companion.Detailed level: comparing what is said and how it is said.The aim of this research is to compare face-to-face and teleconsultations in the seizure clinic based on their duration, distribution of talk, and the number of questions asked by patients.MethodsStatistical comparison between and transcripts of 34 telephone consultations (recorded in 2021) and 56 face-to-face consultations (recorded in 2013).ResultsThere was no significant difference in duration between face-to-face and telephone consultations (median of 16.5 versus 16.2 minutes). Likewise, there was no significant difference in the ratio of neurologist versus patient/companion talk between modalities (55% vs. 45% and 54% vs. 46% respectively). However, patients/companions asked more questions in face-to-face than telephone consultations (median 3 vs. 1, p < 0.05).ConclusionsFrom a broad perspective, face-to-face and teleconsultations in the seizure clinic are similar, lasting for roughly the same amount of time with a similar distribution of talk between parties. However, more detailed analysis reveals potentially consequential differences, suggesting that patients may find it more difficult to ask questions in telephone encounters. Future research should explore other such differences.
17 The national hospital for neurology and neurosurgeryand functional seizures: a historical perspective using a collective case analysis of archived records from 1863 to 1945
Authors: Pop Mihai-Ioan , Linden Stefanie , Stone Jon , Sander Ley , Yogarajah Mahinda 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and AimsFunctional seizures (also known historically as hysterical, dissociative or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures) are seizures that look like epileptic seizures but are not associated with epileptogenic brain discharges. They are the most common form of functional neurological disorder and have been written about since Babylonian times. For the latter part of the 20th century, study into the diagnosis, mechanisms and treatment of these seizures was neglected. However, in the last 20 years, there has been a resurgence in research into functional seizures.The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN) which opened in 1859 was the first hospital to be established in England dedicated exclusively to treating the diseases of the nervous system. The early pioneers of British and European neurology were based at the NHNN and cared for patients with functional seizures. While many of these historical figures published articles about patients with functional seizures and functional neurological disorders, the raw case files of their patients have never been systematically analysed.This project aims to conduct a qualitative analysis of the archived records of patients with functional seizures from the NHNN from 1863 to 1945. We aim to assess the approaches of these individual clinicians to patients with functional seizures, and how they evolved over time.MethodsCases of functional seizures have been identified from the Queen Square archive database using relevant search terms. The notes pertaining to these identified cases have then been retrieved and transcribed into digital records. The qualitative data within these digital records have been analysed thematically using a coding matrix, combined with additional themes that emerge from the data. Delve analytics software has been used to analyse transcribed records.ResultsInitial screening of the Queen Square archived database has revealed that over 350 cases of functional seizures were looked after as in-patients in the years 1863 to 1945. Using a coded qualitative analysis we have identified several themes that emerge from this review of archived cases. These themes include variability in the clinical approach and management of patients, dependent on both the neurologist in charge and contemporary knowledge of and attitudes to functional seizures (eg world- war I compared to pre-world- war I).ConclusionAnalyses of the previously unseen individual case records in the Queen Square archives provide a deeper and more holistic understanding of the historical approach to patients with functional seizures.
18 Clinical features in 104 patients investigated for potential autoimmune encephalitis at a London teaching hospital after presenting with psychotic symptoms
Authors: Morrin Hamilton , Pollak Thomas A , Nasir Moneeb 
Published: November 2023

Objectives/AimsThe aim of this retrospective study was to describe characteristics and diagnostic outcomes of patients presenting with psychosis to a general hospital who were investigated for possible autoimmune encephalitis (AE).MethodsElectronic patient records were used to identify patients who had presented with psychosis to a London teaching hospital, were reviewed by neurology, and in whom the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis had been considered. Data were collected on clinical features, admission length, investigation results, antibody results, whether immunotherapy was given, whether response was seen to immunotherapy, and final diagnosis. A diagnosis of AE was defined as meeting the Graus criteria for either definite NMDA receptor encephalitis, or definite autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Clinical features were compared between AE (meeting definite criteria) and all other causes of psychosis. Patients with a likely diagnosis of AE (but not meeting definite criteria) were excluded from analyses. Anonymized data were analysed using SPSS28. Subgroup comparisons for categorical variables were conducted using Pearson’s χ2 test.Results104 suitable patients were identified as having presented with psychotic symptoms and undergone investigation for AE. Year of presentation ranged from 2010 – 2021. 24 were found to have AE with the most common subtype being NMDA receptor encephalitis (N=14). 80 had psychosis due to other causes, most commonly: primary psychiatric disorders (N=24), suspected AE not meeting definite criteria (N=16), infectious (N=9), and neurodegenerative (N=7). Impaired consciousness (p=0.010) was found to be significantly more common in the AE group compared to the non-AE group. No significant difference in frequency of seizures, speech symptoms, sleep disruption, movement disorders, cognitive dysfunction, autonomic dysregulation, focal neurology, encephalopathy, adverse reaction to antipsychotics, and current/recent tumour was observed. Focused comparison of patients with AE and those with primary psychiatric disorders found significant difference in frequency of impaired cognition (p = 0.009) and encephalopathy (p = 0.007).ConclusionsImpaired consciousness is seen more frequently in AE compared to other causes of psychosis. In combination with other clinical features this may lend support to a potential diagnosis of AE. Limitations include selection bias from patient screening, and observer bias from medical record retrospective review. There is a need for future prospective longitudinal studies to guide development of clinical guidelines for the detection of AE presenting with psychotic symptoms.
21 How can we collaborate with experts-by-example to improve the ecological validity of computational psychiatry? A pilot study where the experts-by-experience are people with functional neurological disorder (FND) and the overall aim is to understand what leads patients unilaterally to disengage from psychotherapy
Authors: Vuqetrna Elseja , Selai Caroline , Golder Dawn , Moutoussis Michael 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThis project is one component of a larger project which, using computational neuropsychiatry, aims to understand what leads patients unilaterally to disengage from psychotherapy. Computational Neuropsychiatry is a promising new field which has yielded great gains in many areas. However, it has not fulfilled it early promise and it is suggested that one reason is because computational modelling has lacked input from Experts-by experience who can enhance the validity of the model by contributing their personal (real world) insights.Aims(i) to assess the feasibility of recruiting a specific group of Experts-by-experience i.e. people with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) to help us to design and refine a Computational Neuropsychiatry task (ii) to develop guidelines for future recruitment of Experts-by-experience to collaborate on computational neuropsychiatry tasks, drawing on this specific example of people with FND.MethodsThe Experts-by-experience were recruited from amongst the membership of the charity FND Hope International, the first and only global charity for people with Functional Neurological Disorder. We held four group meetings on zoom. The meetings had a number of themes including (i) education e.g. what is computational neuropsychiatry?, (ii) the political and cultural context e.g. how collaboration with Experts-by-experience can reduce power inequalities in medical research (iii) the process e.g. an enquiry into how best to engage Experts-by-experience (iv) catharsis e.g. an opportunity for the participants to contribute both as representatives or advocates of the wider group of people with FND and as themselves i.e. sharing their unique personal experience. Two of the researchers who convened the groups (CS & MM) took extensive notes during the meetings and these notes were the raw data.AnalysisThe data were transcribed and analysed using qualitative data analysis methods i.e. to identify and code the key themes.ResultsOur experts-by-experience were intrigued by the computational neuropsychiatry task and by the contextual background i.e. how people with FND can be empowered to collaborate on and to co-facilitate clinical research. They contributed ideas on how people with FND can input. They shared their personal stories of their interaction with healthcare professionals, both positive and less successful experiences including ruptures in the therapeutic alliance and times when they had decided unilaterally to disengage from therapy. Key themes emerging e.g. the (crucial) need to take time to develop trust and forge a strong (collaborative) working alliance will be used to develop guidelines for future research collaboration with Experts-by experience.
Autism and neurodiversity: a new paradigm
Authors: Fletcher-Watson Sue 
Published: November 2023

Sue Fletcher-Watson holds a Personal Chair in Developmental Psychology at the University of Edinburgh, and is Director of the Salvesen Mindroom Research Centre. She is interested in how children grow and learn, with a particular focus on development, neurodiversity and autism across the lifespan. Her work draws on rigorous methods from psychology and applies these to questions with clinical, educational and societal impact. She strives to achieve meaningful partnerships with community representatives and to support neurodivergent leadership in research. She is an advocate for open science and good citizenship in research, and serves as Co-Director of Research Ethics for the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine.AbstractNeurodiversity is a simple, incontrovertible scientific fact, and yet the implications of this concept are both profound and radical. In this talk I will briefly examine how we have attempted to define, diagnose and support autistic people to date, showing the failings of these approaches. I will then go on to define neurodiversity and three core tenets of the neurodiversity paradigm. I will directly address some of the myths around neurodiversity, drawing on the work of prominent neurodivergent scholars to provide a solid basis for understanding. In the second half of the talk, I will then explore the potential of a neurodiversity paradigm to improve how we identify and provide support to autistic people. I will work through the implications of neurodiversity for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic practice, including a specific rebuttal of concerns that the neurodiversity movement is aligned with an anti-psychiatry position. I will ask: what would neurodiversity-affirmative services look like? And why and how should we create them?
Non-exotic traversable wormholes in $$f\left( R,T_{ab}T^{ab}\right) $$ gravity
Authors: Luís Rosa João , Ganiyeva Nailya , Lobo Francisco S. N. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work we analyze traversable wormhole spacetimes in the framework of a covariant generalization of Einstein’s General Relativity known as energy–momentum squared gravity, or $$f\left( R,{\mathcal {T}}\right) $$

f

R
,
T

gravity, where R is the Ricci scalar, $${\mathcal {T}}=T_{ab}T^{ab}$$

T
=

T

ab

T

ab

, and $$T_{ab}$$

T

ab

is the energy–momentum tensor. Considering a linear $$f\left( R,{\mathcal {T}}\right) =R+\gamma {\mathcal {T}}$$

f

R
,
T

=
R
+
γ
T

form, we show that a wide variety of wormhole solutions for which the matter fields satisfy all the energy conditions, namely the null, weak, strong and dominant energy conditions, exist in this framework, without the necessity for a fine-tuning of the free parameters that describe the model. Due to the complexity of the field equations these solutions are obtained through an analytical recursive algorithm. A drawback of the solutions obtained is that they are not naturally localized, and thus a matching with an external vacuum is required. For that purpose, we derive the junction conditions for the theory, and we prove that a matching between two spacetimes must always be smooth, i.e., no thin-shells are allowed at the boundary. Finally, we use these junction conditions to match the interior wormhole spacetime to an exterior vacuum described by the Schwarzschild solution, thus obtaining traversable localized static and spherically symmetric wormhole solutions satisfying all energy conditions for the whole spacetime range. We also prove that the methods outlined in this work can be straightforwardly generalized to more complicated dependencies of the action in $${\mathcal {T}}$$
T
, as long as crossed terms between R and $${\mathcal {T}}$$
T
are absent.
R-Loop Accumulation in Spliceosome Mutant Leukemias Confers Sensitivity to PARP1 Inhibition by Triggering Transcription–Replication Conflicts
Authors: Liu Zhiyan Silvia , Sinha Sayantani , Bannister Maxwell , Song Axia , Arriaga-Gomez Erica , McKeeken Alexander J. , Bonner Elizabeth A. , Hanson Benjamin K. , Sarchi Martina , Takashima Kouhei , Zong Dawei , Corral Victor M. , Nguyen Evan , Yoo Jennifer , Chiraphapphaiboon Wannasiri , Leibson Cassandra , McMahon Matthew C. , Rai Sumit , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Sachs Zohar , Chatla Srinivas , Stirewalt Derek L. , Deeg H. Joachim , Skorski Tomasz , Papapetrou Eirini P. , Walter Matthew J. , Graubert Timothy A. , Doulatov Sergei , Lee Stanley C. , Nguyen Hai Dang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

RNA splicing factor (SF) gene mutations are commonly observed in patients with myeloid malignancies. Here we showed that SRSF2- and U2AF1-mutant leukemias are preferentially sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi), despite being proficient in homologous recombination repair. Instead, SF-mutant leukemias exhibited R-loop accumulation that elicited an R-loop–associated PARP1 response, rendering cells dependent on PARP1 activity for survival. Consequently, PARPi induced DNA damage and cell death in SF-mutant leukemias in an R-loop-dependent manner. PARPi further increased aberrant R-loop levels, causing higher transcription–replication collisions and triggering ATR activation in SF-mutant leukemias. Ultimately, PARPi-induced DNA damage and cell death in SF-mutant leukemias could be enhanced by ATR inhibition. Finally, the level of PARP1 activity at R-loops correlated with PARPi sensitivity, suggesting that R-loop-associated PARP1 activity could be predictive of PARPi sensitivity in patients harboring SF gene mutations. This study highlights the potential of targeting different R-loop response pathways caused by spliceosome gene mutations as a therapeutic strategy for treating cancer.

Significance:
Spliceosome-mutant leukemias accumulate R-loops and require PARP1 to resolve transcription–replication conflicts and genomic instability, providing rationale to repurpose FDA-approved PARP inhibitors for patients carrying spliceosome gene mutations.
Application of ι-Carragenan/Agarose Hydrogel as Super Adsorbent Hydrophilic Polymers Natural Seed Coating for Improving Tobacco Seed Germination Under Drought Stress
Authors: Arum Ayu Puspita , Setiyono  
Published: November 2023

Seed storage for a long time causes seed deterioration. Reduction of germination rate can cause abnormal growth of the seedling, which impacts the yield and quality of tobacco plants. Seed coating is an additive that coats the seeds with certain ingredients such as pesticides, and nutrients that are glued to a binding material for improved seed performance without changing its origin's form. Hydrogel seed coating is also natural and environmentally friendly which is suitable for organic and sustainable farming practices. In countries with worse droughts and depending on natural plants, natural seed coating using agarose and Carragenan is very well applied. Carrageenans regulate many of the metabolic pathways involved in nitrogen and sulfur absorption, making it easier to grow plants by regulating a variety of metabolism processes including photosynthesis as well as an ancillary pathway. In conditions of drought stress, salicylic acid treatment may have a beneficial effect on plant resistance. In plants, salicylic acid regulates the growth of endogenous cells and plays an important role in abiotic stress signal transduction. The present field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ι-Carragenan/Agarose hydrogel as super adsorbent hydrophilic polymers natural seed coating with 3 type combination of ι-Carragenan and Agarose (1:1; 1:2 and 2:1)% w/w containing salicylic acid 0.15% w/w to improve sprouting speed index, sprouting percentage, fresh seed mass and seed vigor index of tobacco seeds which are 3 variety storage time (13 years, 9 years and 3 years) under drought stress condition (40% moisture levels). The results revealed that application of ratio ι-Carragenan/Agarose 1:2 and 2: 1 % w/w containing salicylic acid 0.15% w/w recommended of Super Adsorbent Hydrophilic polymers Natural Seed Coating formulation enhanced of sprouting speed index, germination percentage, and seed vigor index of 2 variety storage time of tobacco seed (13 years and 9 years).
Analyzing Semantic Faithfulness of Language Models via Input Intervention on Question Answering
Authors: Chaturvedi Akshay , Bhar Swarnadeep , Saha Soumadeep , Garain Utpal , Asher Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transformer-based language models have been shown to be highly effective for several NLP tasks. In this article, we consider three transformer models, BERT, RoBERTa, and XLNet, in both small and large versions, and investigate how faithful their representations are with respect to the semantic content of texts. We formalize a notion of semantic faithfulness, in which the semantic content of a text should causally figure in a model’s inferences in question answering. We then test this notion by observing a model’s behavior on answering questions about a story after performing two novel semantic interventions—deletion intervention and negation intervention. While transformer models achieve high performance on standard question answering tasks, we show that they fail to be semantically faithful once we perform these interventions for a significant number of cases (∼ 50% for deletion intervention, and ∼ 20% drop in accuracy for negation intervention). We then propose an intervention-based training regime that can mitigate the undesirable effects for deletion intervention by a significant margin (from ∼ 50% to ∼ 6%). We analyze the inner-workings of the models to better understand the effectiveness of intervention-based training for deletion intervention. But we show that this training does not attenuate other aspects of semantic unfaithfulness such as the models’ inability to deal with negation intervention or to capture the predicate–argument structure of texts. We also test InstructGPT, via prompting, for its ability to handle the two interventions and to capture predicate–argument structure. While InstructGPT models do achieve very high performance on predicate–argument structure task, they fail to respond adequately to our deletion and negation interventions.