bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To risk or not: The impact of socioeconomic status on preschoolers’ risky decision‐making for gains and losses
Authors: Hoid Delhii , Guo Ziyan , He Zhibin , Wu Junhui , Wu Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDisparities in socioeconomic status (SES) may affect individuals’ risk preferences, which have important developmental consequences across the lifespan. Yet, previous research has shown inconsistent associations between SES and risky decision‐making, and little is known about how this link develops from a young age. The current research is among the first to examine how SES influences preschoolers’ risky decisions in both gain and loss frames. Across two studies, children aged 5 to 6 years (total N = 309, 154 boys) were asked to choose between certain and risky options. The risky option was more advantageous, equal to, or less advantageous than the certain option. Study 1 revealed that in the loss frame, high‐SES children (n = 84, 44 boys) chose more risky options and were more sensitive to the expected value compared to low‐SES children (n = 78, 42 boys), especially when the risk was more advantageous. However, this SES difference was not significant in the gain frame. Supporting the potential causal link between SES and risky decision‐making, Study 2 further found that experimentally increasing low‐SES children's (n = 68, 30 boys) status by providing additional resources increased their risk‐seeking behavior in the loss frame. Overall, our findings suggest an interaction between environmental cues (gain vs. loss) and early life circumstances (SES) in shaping children's risk preferences.Research Highlights
This research is among the first to examine how school backgrounds and experimentally manipulated SES influence preschoolers’ risk preferences in gain and loss frames.
Children were more risk‐seeking for losses than for gains; this framing effect was stronger in higher‐SES than lower‐SES children.
Lower‐SES children exhibited fewer risk‐seeking behaviors and decreased sensitivity to the expected value of options for losses, but not for gains.
A temporary boost in SES increased children's risk‐seeking behavior, but not sensitivity to expected values.
Cerebral palsy in African paediatric populations: A scoping review
Authors: Murugasen Serini , Springer Priscilla , Olusanya Bolajoko O. , Gladstone Melissa , Newton Charles , Kakooza‐Mwesige Angelina , Donald Kirsten A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo review the epidemiology and outcomes of African children with cerebral palsy (CP) over a 21‐year period.MethodThe PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases were searched for original research on African children with CP aged 18 years and younger published from 2000 to 2021.ResultsA total of 1811 articles underwent review against explicit criteria; 93 articles were selected for inclusion in the scoping review. The reported prevalence of CP ranged from 0.8 to 10 per 1000 children. Almost half had perinatal risk factors, but up to 26% had no identifiable risk factor. At least one‐third of children with CP had one or more comorbidities, most commonly epilepsy, intellectual disability, and malnutrition. African children with CP demonstrated excess premature mortality approximately 25 times that of the general population, predominantly from infections. Hospital‐based and younger populations had larger proportions of children with severe impairments. African children with CP had inadequate access to care and education, yet showed functional improvements compared to controls for all evaluated interventions.InterpretationThe prevalence of CP in Africa remains uncertain. African children with CP have different risk profiles, greater premature mortality, and more severe functional impairments and comorbidities compared to the Global North. Several barriers prevent access to optimal care. Larger African studies on validated and effective interventions are needed.
Molecular diagnostics in sericulture: A paradigm shift towards disease diagnosis in silkworms
Authors: Deepika Iyyangar , Ramesh Kureeckal V. , Kumar Indira , Singh Abhishek , Debnath Rajal , Dubey Himanshu , Shukla Pawan , Ponnuvel Kangayam M. , Moorthy S. Manthira , Subrahmanyam Gangavarapu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSericulture, the practice of rearing silkworms for the production of silk, is an essential agro‐based industry in several countries. However, silkworms are susceptible to a variety of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites, which may have a significant negative impact on global silk production. Traditional methods of pathogen identification, such as microscopy and laboratory culturing, have limitations in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The development of molecular techniques for pathogen identification has revolutionised the field of sericulture over the last decade. Genomic DNA and RNA‐based molecular techniques allow for the rapid and accurate detection of disease‐causing pathogens in silkworms. Molecular diagnosis has several advantages over traditional methods, including increased sensitivity and specificity, shorter turnaround time and the ability to detect pathogens that are difficult to culture or visualise under a microscope. Molecular techniques have been applied to detect several important pathogens of silkworms, includingNosemasp., nucleopolyhedrovirus, cypovirus, iflavirus and bidensovirus. The use of molecular diagnostics in sericulture is immensely important as the demand for high‐quality silk increases globally and the assessment of emerging pathogens associated with crop loss is essential. Major advancements in the improvement and application of molecular methods for diagnosing widespread silkworm pathogens are discussed.
Long non‐coding RNAs mediate fish gene expression in response to ocean acidification
Authors: Kang Jingliang , Chung Arthur , Suresh Sneha , Bonzi Lucrezia C. , Sourisse Jade M. , Ramirez‐Calero Sandra , Romeo Daniele , Petit‐Marty Natalia , Pegueroles Cinta , Schunter Celia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe majority of the transcribed genome does not have coding potential but these non‐coding transcripts play crucial roles in transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation of protein‐coding genes. Regulation of gene expression is important in shaping an organism's response to environmental changes, ultimately impacting their survival and persistence as population or species face global change. However, the roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), when confronted with environmental changes, remain largely unclear. To explore the potential role of lncRNAs in fish exposed to ocean acidification (OA), we analyzed publicly available brain RNA‐seq data from a coral reef fish Acanthochromis polyacanthus. We annotated the lncRNAs in its genome and examined the expression changes of intergenic lncRNAs (lincRNAs) between A. polyacanthus samples from a natural CO2 seep and a nearby control site. We identified 4728 lncRNAs, including 3272 lincRNAs in this species. Remarkably, 93.03% of these lincRNAs were species‐specific. Among the 125 highly expressed lincRNAs and 403 differentially expressed lincRNAs in response to elevated CO2, we observed that lincRNAs were either neighboring or potentially trans‐regulating differentially expressed coding genes associated with pH regulation, neural signal transduction, and ion transport, which are known to be important in the response to OA in fish. In summary, lncRNAs may facilitate fish acclimation and mediate the responses of fish to OA by modulating the expression of crucial coding genes, which offers insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying fish responses to environmental changes.
Latest advances in the reversal strategies for direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Escal Jean , Lanoiselée Julien , Poenou Géraldine , Zufferey Paul , Laporte Silvy , Mismetti Patrick , Delavenne Xavier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSince the late 2000s, Europe has granted approval for various thrombotic risk‐related uses of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Unlike traditional anticoagulants, DOACs do not necessitate routine coagulation monitoring. Nevertheless, clinical practice often encounters bleeding events associated with these medications, making the need for effective reversal strategies evident.ObjectivesThe study aims to take stock of current reversal strategies for DOACs, with a particular emphasis on the latest compounds that have been developed or are currently under development.MethodsFor obtaining information regarding the ongoing reversal strategies and the compounds under development, we referred to ClinicalTrials website, PubMed, and Google Scholar.ResultsIn 2024, two specific antidotes to DOACs have already received approval when reversal of anticoagulation is needed owing to life‐threatening or uncontrolled bleeding: idarucizumab that reverses the effects of dabigatran, and andexanet alfa, designed to counteract activated factor X inhibitors such as apixaban and rivaroxaban. Furthermore, ciraparantag, a potential universal reversal agent, is currently in advanced stages of clinical development. Concerns remain regarding the safety of specific reversal agents, especially concerning the risk of thrombosis. Additionally, the cost of these antidotes remains high. Consequently, nonspecific strategies to counteract anticoagulant medications, including activated charcoal, hemodialysis, and concentrates of coagulation factors, still have utility.ConclusionWith the validation of specific and nonspecific antidotes, DOACs could supplant traditional oral anticoagulants. This progress represents a significant advancement in anticoagulation therapy. However, ongoing research is crucial to address remaining safety concerns of the specific reversion agents of DOACs in clinical practice.
Factors affecting walleye and sauger recruitment in Lewis and Clark Lake, South Dakota, 2001–2022
Authors: Radigan William J. , Chvala Phil , Longhenry Christopher , Pegg Mark 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbundance of adult walleye (Sander vitreus) and sauger (Sander canadensis), two important sport fishes, decreased significantly during 2001–2022 in Lewis and Clark Lake, a border water between Nebraska and South Dakota, despite walleye fingerling stocking and stable age‐0 abundance of both species. We sought to identify factors that drove variation in age‐0 abundance from 2001 to 2022 using an information theoretic approach. Age‐0 walleye catch per unit effort (CPUE) was correlated to mean monthly outflow, mean annual precipitation, and mean April gauge height in a delta. Age‐0 sauger CPUE was correlated to adult conspecific CPUE, mean April Heating Degree Days, and mean annual precipitation. Our findings suggest that both biotic and abiotic factors were important for explaining variation in age‐0 CPUE of sauger, but mainly abiotic factors for walleye. As such, manipulation of abiotic factors (i.e., outflow) by installing entrainment barriers may be more effective than manipulation of biotic factors (i.e., stocking).
Roles of linker region flanked by transmembrane and peptidoglycan binding region of PomB in energy conversion of the Vibrio flagellar motor
Authors: Miyamura Yusuke , Nishikino Tatsuro , Koiwa Hiroaki , Homma Michio , Kojima Seiji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe flagellar components of Vibrio spp., PomA and PomB, form a complex that transduces sodium ion and contributes to rotate flagella. The transmembrane protein PomB is attached to the basal body T‐ring by its periplasmic region and has a plug segment following the transmembrane helix to prevent ion flux. Previously we showed that PomB deleted from E41 to R120 (Δ41–120) was functionally comparable to the full‐length PomB. In this study, three deletions after the plug region, PomB (Δ61–120), PomB (Δ61–140), and PomB (Δ71–150), were generated. PomB (Δ61–120) conferred motility, whereas the other two mutants showed almost no motility in soft agar plate; however, we observed some swimming cells with speed comparable for the wild‐type cells. When the two PomB mutants were introduced into a wild‐type strain, the swimming ability was not affected by the mutant PomBs. Then, we purified the mutant PomAB complexes to confirm the stator formation. When plug mutations were introduced into the PomB mutants, the reduced motility by the deletion was rescued, suggesting that the stator was activated. Our results indicate that the deletions prevent the stator activation and the linker and plug regions, from E41 to S150, are not essential for the motor function of PomB but are important for its regulation.
THE COST OF TRADE DISRUPTIONS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Conesa Juan Carlos , Delventhal Matthew J. , Pujolas Pau S. , Raveendranathan Gajendran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study trade disruptions at different stages of development in a two‐country, three‐sector model of Spain and United Kingdom from 1850 to 2000. The impact of trade disruptions depends on trade openness and the productivity gap between countries. A trade collapse today (more openness, less gap) comparable to the Inter‐War Trade Collapse (IWTC) decreases the capital stock threefold (12% instead of 4%) and lifetime consumption fourfold (1.58% instead of 0.37%). Capital accumulation amplifies the cost of trade disruptions. The IWTC promoted Spanish industrialization, while the opposite would be true today.
Fluid handling by foam wound dressings: From engineering theory to advanced laboratory performance evaluations
Authors: Gefen Amit , Alves Paulo , Beeckman Dimitri , Cullen Breda , Lázaro‐Martínez José Luis , Lev‐Tov Hadar , Santamaria Nick , Swanson Terry , Woo Kevin , Söderström Bengt , Svensby Anna , Malone Matthew , Nygren Erik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article describes the contemporary bioengineering theory and practice of evaluating the fluid handling performance of foam‐based dressings, with focus on the important and clinically relevant engineering structure–function relationships and on advanced laboratory testing methods for pre‐clinical quantitative assessments of this common type of wound dressings. The effects of key wound dressing material‐related and treatment‐related physical factors on the absorbency and overall fluid handling of foam‐based dressings are thoroughly and quantitively analysed. Discussions include exudate viscosity and temperature, action of mechanical forces and the dressing microstructure and associated interactions. Based on this comprehensive review, we propose a newly developed testing method, experimental metrics and clinical benchmarks that are clinically relevant and can set the standard for robust fluid handling performance evaluations. The purpose of this evaluative framework is to translate the physical characteristics and performance determinants of a foam dressing into achievable best clinical outcomes. These guiding principles are key to distinguishing desirable properties of a dressing that contribute to optimal performance in clinical settings.
RETRACTED: Prevalence of anxiety and its risk factors in burn patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zaboli Mahdiabadi Morteza , Farhadi Bahar , Shahroudi Parichehr , Shahroudi Parinaz , Hekmati Pour Nafiseh , Hojjati Hamid , Najafi Masoomeh , Farzan Ramyar , Salehi Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to ascertain the prevalence of anxiety and identify associated risk factors among individuals who have suffered burn injuries. We conducted a thorough and systematic search across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, as well as Persian electronic databases like Iranmedex and the scientific information database (SID). Our search encompassed the period from the earliest available records up to 8 August 2023. We employed keywords derived from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) such as “Prevalence”, “Anxiety” and “Burns”. In total, 2586 burn patients participated in 13 cross‐sectional studies. The mean age of the participants was 32.88 (SD = 2.51). In a compilation of 13 studies, the documented overall occurrence rate of anxiety among burn patients stood at 16.1% (95% CI: 10.0% to 24.7%; I2 = 93.138%; p < 0.001). The outcomes of a meta‐regression analysis, which examined the association between anxiety in burn patients and the year of publication, did not uncover any significant correlation (p = 0.442). Furthermore, there was a notable association between anxiety in burn patients and factors such as gender, TBSA affected, educational level and the types of burn injuries. Therefore, healthcare providers need to recognize the substantial prevalence of anxiety in burn patients as a fundamental consideration. This recognition should prompt a proactive approach toward early detection and timely intervention. Developing personalized intervention strategies tailored to each patient's unique risk factors and needs is paramount. These strategies may encompass a range of therapeutic options such as counselling, psychotherapy or consultations with mental health specialists.
Effect of laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy on postoperative wound complications in patients with pancreatic cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hong Chen , Liu Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAt present, it is regarded as a safe and efficient operation to treat terminal pancreatic disease. In this paper, we present a summary of the results of the clinical trials that have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic and open‐access pancreatic resection for pancreatic carcinoma of the end of the pancreas. Systematic review of the comparison between laparoscopy and open‐access pancreatic resection was conducted. Comparative studies published before October 2023 were included. The selection of the studies was done according to a particular classification and exclusion criterion. A few of our results, which were post‐surgery, were associated with injury, were compared. Where appropriate, the reliability of the data has been corroborated by a sensitive analysis. Six trials of 2075 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent distal pancreatic resection to be included in the definitive data analysis. Among them, 447 were treated with open‐access surgery and 296 were treated with laparoscope. Six trials showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of postoperative wound infection in patients with pancreas cancer who received a distal pancreatectomy between laparoscopy and open surgery(OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.76–3.61 p = 0.20). Four trials did not reveal any statistically significant differences in the risk of postoperative haemorrhage among patients with pancreas cancer who received a distal pancreatectomy between laparoscopy and open surgery (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.54–6.26 p = 0.33). Both trials did not reveal any statistically significant difference in the duration of operation for patients with pancreas cancer who received a distal pancreatectomy between laparoscopy and open surgery (MD, 13.58; 95% CI, −7.31–34.46 p = 0.2). Based on these meta‐analyses, the use of laparoscopy or open surgery was not associated with an increase in the risk of postoperative infection or haemorrhage. Furthermore, the duration of the two operations did not differ significantly. These two procedures appear to be a safe and viable choice in the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. Nevertheless, a randomized, controlled study should be performed to verify the validity of this observation.
Exploring causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and varicose veins: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Min Shen , Xing Mengzhen , Jiang Hehe , Zhang Linlin , Chen Chen , Ma Yuning , Ma Yuxia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and the risk of varicose veins. The data were sourced from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of European individuals. Multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) methods were used to evaluate the association between inflammatory cytokines and varicose veins. The study found significant associations between elevated levels of certain inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., CASP‐8, Vascular endothelial growth factor A levels (VEGF_A)) and an increased risk of varicose veins, while others (e.g., 4EBP1, MMP‐10) showed a protective effect. The MR‐Egger Intercept and heterogeneity tests indicated no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity. This comprehensive MR analysis identifies several cytokines as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of varicose veins, offering insights into novel therapeutic targets. Our findings underscore the importance of inflammation in varicose veins and suggest that targeting specific cytokines could be a promising strategy for the treatment and prevention of varicose veins.
RETRACTED: Prevalence of surgical site infection and risk factors in patients after knee surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zaboli Mahdiabadi Morteza , Farhadi Bahar , Shahroudi Parinaz , Mohammadi Mohsen , Omrani Amin , Mohammadi Maryam , Hekmati Pour Nafiseh , Hojjati Hamid , Najafi Masoomeh , Majd Teimoori Zahra , Farzan Ramyar , Salehi Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of surgical site infection (SSI) and risk factors in patients after knee surgery. A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out across various international electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, as well as Persian electronic databases like Iranmedex and the Scientific Information Database (SID). This search involved the utilization of keywords derived from Medical Subject Headings, such as ‘Prevalence’, ‘Surgical wound infection’, ‘Surgical site infection’ and ‘Orthopaedics’, spanning from the earliest records up to 1 October 2023. To assess the quality of the included studies, the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) was utilized. The study encompassed a combined participant pool of 11 028 individuals who underwent knee surgery across seven selected studies. The collective prevalence of SSI in patients who underwent knee surgery, as reported in the seven included studies, was determined to be 3.0% (95% CI: 1.2% to 7.5%; I2 = 96.612%; p < 0.001). The combined prevalence of SSI in patients with DM, as reported in six studies, was 5.1% (95% CI: 1.7% to 14.5%; I2 = 79.054%; p < 0.001). Similarly, the pooled prevalence of SSI in patients with HTN, drawn from four studies, was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.7% to 4.5%; I2 = 63.996%; p = 0.040). Additionally, the collective prevalence of SSI in patients with a history of tobacco use, based on findings from six studies, was 4.8% (95% CI: 1.4% to 15.2%; I2 = 93.358%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis was conducted within six studies, categorizing them by two countries, namely China and the USA. These analyses revealed that the prevalence of SSI following knee surgery was 3.0% in China and 2.0% in the USA. It is noteworthy that variations in SSI prevalence across different studies may be attributed to a multitude of factors, particularly varying risk factors among patient populations. To address this issue and mitigate the impact of SSI on knee surgery patients, it is advisable to develop tailored interventions.