bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penetration of bonding resins into fibre‐reinforced composite posts: a confocal microscopic study
Authors: Mannocci F. , Sherriff M. , Watson T. F. , Vallittu P. K. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To compare the penetration of two different bonding resins applied for different contact times, on glass reinforced–reinforced composite root canal posts showing an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or cross‐linked polymer matrix. The research hypothesis was that the bonding resins were equally able to penetrate into the IPN post whereas less penetration was evident into the cross‐linked post. In addition, the prolonged contact time of the bonding resin on the surface of post was assumed to increase the resin penetration.Methodology  A total of 36 posts, comprising 18 IPN posts (everStick Post) and 18 cross‐linked posts (C Post Millennium) were divided into 12 groups of three posts. All posts had a diameter of 1.2 mm. Both bonding resins (Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus and Stick Resin) were labelled with Rhodamine B for determination of the resin penetration into the post. After contact times of 1, 30 and 300 s the bonding resins were light cured for 60 s. Penetration of bonding resins into three sections of each post was measured by confocal scanning light microscope. The influences of post and type of adhesive resin on resin diffusion into the polymer matrix of the post were assessed by nonparametric methods.Results  For C Post Millennium and for 1 s contact time, no penetration of bonding resins into the polymer matrix of posts occurred in any section of any post. For the everStick Post, penetration was always noted after 300 s contact (mean 22.8 μm) and nearly always after 30 s contact (mean 3.5 μm), with very little difference between the two adhesives. The degree of penetration into everStick Posts was invariably greater after 300 s contact than after 30 s (P < 0.001). Both sets of results were highly significantly greater than the zero penetration recorded using C Post Millennium or 1 s contact time (P < 0.001).Conclusions  The ability of bonding resins to penetrate into everStick Post with IPN polymer matrix may give the opportunity to establish a good link between fibre‐reinforced composite posts, luting cements and composite cores.
Management of neuropathic pain following treatment for breast cancer in the absence of recurrence: A challenge for the radiation oncologist
Authors: Clubb B 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThis report reviews various management options for treatment‐induced neuropathic pain in breast cancer. First‐line options include tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsant drugs. Opioids should be prescribed according to published guidelines. Second‐line treatments include lignocaine, mexiletine and ketamine. Sympatholytic therapies are available to patients with features of chronic regional pain syndrome. Anti‐inflammatory agents are used for neurogenic inflammation. Surgical interventions are considered for refractory neuropathic pain. Interdisciplinary management is appropriate when persisting pain causes physical and psychosocial disabilities.
Reference ranges for bone densitometers adopted Australia‐wide: Geelong osteoporosis study
Authors: Henry MJ , Pasco JA , Pocock NA , Nicholson GC , Kotowicz MA 
Published: December 2004

SummaryBone densitometry reports a measure of fracture risk in comparison with young adults (T‐scores) and age‐matched peers (Z‐scores). To date, each manufacturer has provided its own reference range resulting in lack of uniformity. The Australia and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society and Osteoporosis Australia have recognized the need to standardize the reference range and have recommended that data generated by the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS) be used Australia‐wide. The GOS recruited a random, population‐based sample of adult women and measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the proximal femur and spine using a Lunar DPX‐L. These data were used to establish reference ranges for Lunar machines and, using conversion equations, for Norland and Hologic machines. The new standardized Australian reference ranges for BMD will enable consistent diagnosis of osteoporosis and categorization of fracture risk across different types of densitometers.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the proximal tibiofibular joint
Authors: Ryan RS , Louis L , O'Connell JX , Munk PL 
Published: December 2004

SummaryPigmented villonodular synovitis is an uncommon proliferative disease of the synovium, which is usually monoarticular, presenting as chronic monoarthritis of the knee. To our knowledge, the case under discussion is only the second report in the English language medical literature of isolated involvement of the proximal tibiofibular joint.
SIMULATED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD APPLIED TO NON‐GAUSSIAN AND NONLINEAR MIXED EFFECTS AND STATE–SPACE MODELS
Authors: Millar Russell B. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe paper presents an overview of maximum likelihood estimation using simulated likelihood, including the use of antithetic variables and evaluation of the simulation error of the resulting estimates. It gives a general purpose implementation of simulated maximum likelihood and uses it to re‐visit four models that have previously appeared in the published literature: a state–space model for count data; a nested random effects model for binomial data; a nonlinear growth model with crossed random effects; and a crossed random effects model for binary salamander‐mating data. In the case of the last three examples, this appears to be the first time that maximum likelihood fits of these models have been presented.
ASSESSING CONGRUENCEAMONG DISTANCE MATRICES: SINGLE‐MALT SCOTCH WHISKIES REVISITED
Authors: Legendre Pierre , Lapointe François‐Joseph 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA test of congruence among distance matrices is described. It tests the hypothesis that several matrices, containing different types of variables about the same objects, are congruent with one another, so they can be used jointly in statistical analysis. Raw data tables are turned into similarity or distance matrices prior to testing; they can then be compared to data that naturally come in the form of distance matrices. The proposed test can be seen as a generalization of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence to any number of distance matrices. This paper shows that the new test has the correct rate of Type I error and good power. Power increases as the number of objects and the number of congruent data matrices increase; power is higher when the total number of matrices in the study is smaller. To illustrate the method, the proposed test is used to test the hypothesis that matrices representing different types of organoleptic variables (colour, nose, body, palate and finish) in single‐malt Scotch whiskies are congruent.
WILCOXON‐TYPE RANK‐SUM PRECEDENCE TESTS
Authors: Ng H.K.T. , Balakrishnan N. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThis paper introduces Wilcoxon‐type rank‐sum precedence tests for testing the hypothesis that two life‐time distribution functions are equal. They extend the precedence life‐test first proposed by Nelson in 1963. The paper proposes three Wilcoxon‐type rank‐sum precedence test statistics—the minimal, maximal and expected rank‐sum statistics—and derives their null distributions. Critical values are presented for some combinations of sample sizes, and the exact power function is derived under the Lehmann alternative. The paper examines the power properties of the Wilcoxon‐type rank‐sum precedence tests under a location‐shift alternative through Monte Carlo simulations, and it compares the power of the precedence test, the maximal precedence test and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test (based on complete samples). Two examples are presented for illustration.
A RANDOMIZED LONGITUDINAL PLAY‐THE‐WINNER DESIGN FOR REPEATED BINARY DATA
Authors: Biswas Atanu , Dewanji Anup 
Published: December 2004

SummaryIn some clinical trials with two treatment arms, the patients enter the study at different times and are then allocated to one of two treatment groups. It is important for ethical reasons that there is greater probability of allocating a patient to the group that has displayed more favourable responses up to the patient's entry time. There are many adaptive designs in the literature to meet this ethical constraint, but most have a single binary response. Often the binary response is longitudinal in nature, being observed repeatedly over different monitoring times. This paper develops a randomized longitudinal play‐the‐winner design for such binary responses which meets the ethical constraint. Some performance characteristics of this design have been studied. It has been implemented in a trial of pulsed electro‐magnetic field therapy with rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Universities and Industry: Does the Lambert Code of Governance Meet the Requirements of Good Governance?
Authors: Buckland Roger 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Lambert Model Code of Governance proposes to institutionalise the dominance of governors from commercial and industrial organisations as core members of compact and effective boards controlling UK universities. It is the latest expression of a fashion for viewing university governance as an overly‐simple example of an obsolete system, where overweening and obstructive committee systems inhibit universities from achieving more significant and business‐relevant activity. In this paper university governance is analysed in terms of classic agency analysis, in the Jensen and Meckling tradition. This suggests that governance of and in the system is complex and that, although inherited structures may indeed be deficient, the prescription of the Lambert Review is profoundly flawed and would be unlikely to achieve improvement in UK universities’ competitiveness or attainment of mission.
Administrative Managers – A Critical Link
Authors: Whitchurch Celia 
Published: December 2004

AbstractInstitutional responses to changes in the higher education environment have caused movements in the roles and identities of administrative managers in UK universities. These shifts have highlighted the problem for individuals of balancing traditional public service considerations of administration with institutional innovation and development. Administrative managers find themselves not only acting as independent arbiters, giving impartial advice on the basis of professional expertise, but also becoming involved in political judgements about institutional futures. They increasingly undertake an interpretive function between the various communities of the university and its external partners. As the boundaries of the university have become more permeable, administrative and academic management have inter‐digitated, and hybrid roles have developed. In undertaking increasingly complex functions, therefore, administrative managers play a critical role in linking the academic and executive arms of governance in the university.
On Wasps and Club Dinners
Authors: Spiegelhalter David 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth could be termed a Victorian gentleman polymath: born on the family's estate in Edgeworthstown, Ireland, and a trained classicist and barrister, he was capable of both working as a Lecturer in Greek and deriving in 1883 (using what we now call a Bayesian argument) “what may the earliest appearance in any form of the Student's t distribution”1. His unusual second name arose from his Catalan refugee mother, whom his father is reputed to have met on the steps of the British Museum.
Application of Quick Environment Exposure Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI©) for Japanese population: study of reliability and validity of the questionnaire
Authors: Hojo Sachiko , Kumano Hiroaki , Yoshino Hiroshi , Kakuta Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Satoshi 
Published: December 2004

A standardized questionnaire has not been established for screening or diagnostic assessment of patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in Japan. In the US, Miller and Prihoda (1999a, b) developed a questionnaire that could be used internationally, the Quick Environment Exposure Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI©), to assist researchers and clinicians in evaluating patients and populations for chemical sensitivity. The Japanese version of QEESI©was subsequently translated by Ishikawa and Miyata (1999). The present study was performed to investigate the reliability and validity of QEESI©(Japanese version) for research purposes and for evaluation of patients with MCS in Japan. A total of 498 subjects were recruited from the general population of Miyagi prefecture, Japan. The factor structure in QEESI©was analyzed with 40 items on four subscales except for the items in ‘Masking’ using principal components analysis with Promax rotation. The results showed that 30 items on three subscales, ‘Chemical Inhalant Intolerances,’ ‘Symptom Severity,’ and ‘Life Impact’ except for ‘Other Intolerances’ were consistent with those reported for the US population by Miller and Prihoda (1999a). Cronbach’s a reliability coefficient ranged between 0.87 and 0.94 indicating high internal consistency in the 30 items on three subscales. Next, we compared the mean scores on three subscales of QEESI©in two groups: 131 self-reported MCS group who were new outpatients at the Environmental Medical Center in Kitasato Institute Hospital, and 131 members of the general population (controls) who were matched for both gender and age with the self-reported MCS group. Mean scores on each subscale for the self-reported MCS group were significantly greater than those for controls (PB < 0.001). Mean scores on all of the 30 items on three subscales for the self-reported MCS group were also significantly greater than for the controls (PB < 0.001). These findings indicated that the 30 items on three subscales in QEESI©can be used for surveys and for diagnostic assessment of patients with MCS as well as for comparative studies between patients in Japan and in other countries.
Study of nitrate complex formation with trivalent Pm, Eu, Am and Cm using a solvent extraction technique
Authors: Andersson Sofie , Ekberg C. , Liljenzin J-O. , Nilsson M. , Skarnemark G. 
Published: December 2004

Summary
The separation of actinides and lanthanides is an important question in the treatment of spent nuclear fuel in the transmutation concept. To find an efficient and well functioning separation process it is necessary to study the chemistry of the elements in the two groups in different aqueous media. The stability constants of the nitrate complex formation with Pm, Eu, Am and Cm were determined using solvent extraction. The extraction was studied using the synergistic system of 2,6-bis-(benzoxazolyl)-4-dodecyloxylpyridine and 2-bromodecanoic acid in tert-butyl benzene. As the nitrate ion concentration in the aqueous phase was increased, a decrease in separation between actinides and lanthanides was seen owing to complex formation between the different elements and the nitrate ions.
Reduction kinetics of Np(VI) byn-butyraldehyde in tributyl phosphate diluted withn-dodecane
Authors: Ban Yasutoshi , Asakura Toshihide , Morita Yasuji 
Published: December 2004

SummaryThe reduction kinetics of Np(VI) byn-butyraldehyde in 30% TBP solution diluted withn-dodecane were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Based on the results of bothn-butyraldehyde and nitric acid concentration dependences on the Np(VI) reduction reaction, the rate equation was obtained as –d[Np(VI)]/dt=k[n-C3H7CHO]0.8[HNO3]–2.0[Np(VI)]twherek=(1.0±0.2)× 10–3M1.2min–1at 294±1 K. The activation energy of the reaction was 76±5 kJ/mol.
Stability constants of uranium(IV)-α-isosaccharinic acid and gluconic acid complexes
Authors: Warwick Peter , Evans Nick , Hall Tony , Vines Sarah 
Published: December 2004

SummaryConditional and pH independent stability constants have been determined for U(IV) α-isosaccharinic acid (ISA) and gluconic acid (Gl) complexes, under anaerobic and carbonate-free conditions, from pH 3 to 14. The constants are needed for nuclear waste repository performance assessment purposes. The constants were obtained by developing an approach based on the solubility product of amorphous UO2·2H2O. The derived pH independent log β values for U(OH)4ISA and U(OH)4Gl were 49±2 and 50±1 respectively.
Uranium kernel formation via internal gelation
Authors: Hunt Rodney D. , Collins Jack L. 
Published: December 2004

Summary
In the 1970s and 1980s, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conducted numerous studies on the fabrication of nuclear fuel particles using the internal gelation process. These amorphous kernels were prone to flaking or breaking when gases tried to escape from the kernels during calcination and sintering. These earlier kernels would not meet today´s proposed specifications for reactor fuel. In the interim, the internal gelation process has been used to create hydrous metal oxide microspheres for the treatment of nuclear waste. With the renewed interest in advanced nuclear fuel by the DOE, the lessons learned from the nuclear waste studies were recently applied to the fabrication of uranium kernels, which will become tri-isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles. These process improvements included equipment modifications, small changes to the feed formulations, and a new temperature profile for the calcination and sintering. The modifications to the laboratory-scale equipment and its operation as well as small changes to the feed composition increased the product yield from 60% to 80%–99%. The new kernels were substantially less glassy, and no evidence of flaking was found. Finally, key process parameters were identified, and their effects on the uranium microspheres and kernels are discussed.
INAA methodology using low power reactor for the characterization of IAEA-433; Coastal marine sediment as a potential reference material
Authors: Waheed S. , Rahman A. , Daud M. , Zaidi Jamshed H. , Ahmad S. 
Published: December 2004

Summary
As a major requirement for adopting a well-defined quality system for our instrumental neutron activation analysis laboratory regular participation in the IAEA intercomparison exercises is carried out in routine. IAEA marine sediment (IAEA-433) as a proposed reference material has been studied and thirty elements have been determined employing appropriate irradiation, cooling and counting protocols using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique. Employing the same protocols on IAEA SL-1 and IAEA 405 certified reference materials the method has been validated and our values show good agreement with the certified values predicting good accuracy. Miniature neutron source research reactor has been utilized for this work. The results for the IAEA-433 present good precision of less than 5% for Mn, Hf, Sm, Th, Al and Fe whereas for Rb, Tb, V, Se, Ga, Sn and Zn results are with comparatively poor precision ranging 10%–13%.
Enantiomerically Pure [1, 2‐Diamino‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)butane]platinum(II) Complexes: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity against MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB 231 Breast Cancer and LnCaP/FGC Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Dullin Anja , Dufrasne Francois , Gelbcke Michael , Gust Ronald 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEnantiomerically pure 1, 2‐diamino‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)butanes were synthesized by stereoselective procedures. The enantiomeric purity was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy after derivatization with (1R)‐myrtenal. For the coordination to platinum, the diamines were reacted with K2PtI4. Reaction with Ag2SO4 yielded the respective sulfatoplatinum(II) complexes, which were converted into the dichloroplatinum(II) complexes by treatment with 2 N HCl. The influence of the configuration and the kind of leaving group on the antitumor activity was studied on the MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB 231 breast cancer cell lines, as well as on the LnCaP/FGC prostate cancer cell line. It was demonstrated that the dichloroplatinum(II) complexes were more active than the respective diiodoplatinum(II) derivatives. Conversion into the sulfatoplatinum(II) complexes further enhanced the antiproliferative effects. The configuration determined the antitumor effects, dependent on the cell line used: MCF‐7: (R, R) > (S, S) > (R, S) > (S, R); MDA‐MB 231: (S, S) > (R, R) > (R, S) = (S, R); LnCaP/FGC: (S, S) > (R, R) > (R, S) > (S, R).
The cranio‐orbital foramen, the groove on the lateral wall of the human orbit, and the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery
Authors: Erturk M. , Kayalioglu G. , Govsa F. , Varol T. , Ozgur T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe cranio‐orbital foramen, a foramen in the lateral wall of the orbit, contains an anastomosis between the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery and the lacrimal artery. Previous workers have speculated that the groove starting either from the cranio‐orbital foramen or the lateral extremity of the superior orbital fissure contains the anastomotic artery. We investigated the cranio‐orbital foramen and the groove on the lateral wall of the orbit in a series of 170 dried adult human skulls, and the course of the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery in 74 specimens from 37 cadavers. We observed the cranio‐orbital foramen in 141 skulls (82.9%). It was unilateral in 55 (32.4%) and bilateral in 86 (50.6%) skulls. The groove on the lateral wall of the human orbit was observed in 122 skulls (71.8%). It was unilateral in 40 (23.5%) and bilateral in 82 (48.2%). The groove on the lateral wall of the orbit started from the cranio‐orbital foramen in 20 skulls (11.8%). The orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery was found in 48 cadaveric specimens (64.9%): 32 (43.2%) passed through the cranio‐orbital foramen and 12 (16.2%) passed through the superior orbital fissure. In four specimens (5.4%), orbital branches of the middle meningeal artery passed through both the superior orbital fissure and the cranio‐orbital foramen. The anatomy of the cranio‐orbital foramen and the course of the orbital branch should be well known by surgeons reconstructing the anterior base of the skull, the orbit after orbital base surgery, and during excision of meningiomas. Clin. Anat. 18:10–14, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent advances in capillary separations for proteomics
Authors: Cooper Jonathan W. , Wang Yueju , Lee Cheng S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe sequencing of several organisms' genomes, including the human's one, has opened the way for the so‐called postgenomic era, which is now routinely coined as “proteomics”. The most basic task in proteomics remains the detection and identification of proteins from a biological sample, and the most traditional way to achieve this goal consists of protein separations performed by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐D PAGE). Still, the 2‐D PAGE‐mass spectrometry (MS) approach remains lacking in proteome coverage (for proteins having extreme isoelectric points or molecular masses as well as for membrane proteins), dynamic range, sensitivity, and throughput. Consequently, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of non‐gel‐based proteome separation technologies in an effort to alleviate the shortcomings in 2‐D PAGE while reserving the ability to resolve complex protein and peptide mixtures prior to MS analysis. This review focuses on the most recent advances in capillary‐based separation techniques, including capillary liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and capillary electrokinetic chromatography, and combinations of multiples of these mechanisms, along with the coupling of these techniques to MS. Developments in capillary separations capable of providing extremely high resolving power and selective analyte enrichment are particularly highlighted for their roles within the broader context of a state‐of‐the‐art integrated proteome effort. Miniaturized and integrated multidimensional peptide/protein separations using microfluidics are further summarized for their potential applications in high‐throughput protein profiling toward biomarker discovery and clinical diagnosis.