bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumers' bounded rationality: the case of competitive energy markets
Authors: Dyner Isaac , Franco Carlos Jaime 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe recent liberalization of the energy industry provides a challenge for understanding the decision‐making processes of the agents involved in their markets. In this new environment, it is of particular interest to investigate consumers' decisions with respect to energy efficiency for a range of purposes that include the assessment of government policy and traders' strategy intents. The neo‐classic methodologies reported in the literature generally make strong, and not evident, assumptions with respect to the decision‐making processes of end‐users, including: complete information, full rationality and lack of risk perception. In this paper, the concept of bounded rationality is incorporated, seeking alternative grounds to the traditional approaches. Against this background, we examine different sets of assumptions based on the concept ofrationally bounded energy useand propose policies that may reduce some of the apparent market failures. However, both these claims, as well as the proposed system dynamics models that intend to account for bounded rationality, need to be clearly justified. Here, we do this by indicating, explicitly and implicitly, how bounded rationality operates and what policies and strategies might be appropriate to remove some of the consumers' barriers when confronting decisions. The system dynamics models presented in this paper incorporate consumers' behaviour and alternative policies to assess their likely impact on society. Examples related to the penetration of fuels and lighting appliances are provided, to illustrate the approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A content and process view on bounded rationality in system dynamics
Authors: Größler Andreas 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe paper reviews references to bounded rationality within the system dynamics literature. It is argued that so far the relation between bounded rationality and system dynamics has primarily been discussed from a ‘content’ perspective, that is, that boundedly rational decision making needs to be incorporated in the detail of system dynamics models because of the methodology's aspiration to represent real, not ideal decision making. In this paper this content view is extended by a new ‘process’ perspective. This perspective concerns effects observed at the level of whole models. For example, during modelling the developer of a system dynamics model is prone to be influenced by the limitations of rationality, which might lead to erroneous models. In the same way, users conducting simulation experiments with models are prone to carry out these simulations in an unsystematic way and might draw wrong conclusions from the simulation outcomes. The paper then outlines the connections between the established content view and the new process view on bounded rationality in system dynamics. These connections lie in the knowledge elicitation phase of modelling and in the changes of real systems on the basis of insights gained in modelling and simulation. The paper closes with a brief statement of the research that the author is conducting with a view to exploring further these ideas. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring influencing factors on rationality: a literature review of dynamic decision‐making studies in system dynamics
Authors: Rouwette Etiënne A. J. A. , Größler Andreas , Vennix Jac A. M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSimulators and experiments studying dynamic decision making offer a way of finding out about factors enforcing and inhibiting human rationality. This literature review of 51 studies from the system dynamics field helps to identify various factors that influence decision making. The factors are classified into model, simulator and player characteristics. In the paper the effect of these variables on gaming performance is reviewed and synthesized. Model characteristics such as presence of delay and increase of feedback strength seem to lower performance, while changes in exogenous conditions lead to mixed results. With regard to simulator characteristics, the decision interval does not seem to influence performance. Model transparency has a positive relation to performance, similar to decision information (in conjunction with player characteristics). Lastly, with regard to player characteristics, there is some evidence that a long‐term goal increases performance. Although problem‐solving style and mental model characteristics impact performance, no relation between general personality types and performance is found. Also, there are no consistent differences between individuals and pairs with regard to performance. The paper closes with brief comments on future research directions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methodologies in conflict: achieving synergies between system dynamics and organizational cybernetics
Authors: Schwaninger Markus 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCoping with complexity is at the heart of the systems approach. Several methodologies can be discerned which have proved to possess extraordinary power in dealing with complex issues. System dynamics is a general‐purpose methodology for modelling and simulation employed in order to deal with dynamic complexity. Cybernetics has brought forth structural models to enable organizations to deal with the complexity of their environments. The main proposition of this paper is that these two methodological strands show potential synergies. A proposal for leveraging the complementarities of system dynamics and organizational cybernetics is made. The paper also argues that it is necessary to conflate qualitative and quantitative modelling and design approaches, as well as to improve the quality of models and strategies by strengthening the processes of validation. At a higher level of abstraction, the author postulates that, for the sake of relevance, this methodological synthesis is to build upon both the positivist and interpretivist traditions. On this basis, a framework called integrative systems methodology is proposed to help actors at different levels to achieve the requisite variety. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cis‐trans Isomerism in Copper(II) Complexes with N‐acyl Thiourea Ligands
Authors: Hernández Wilfredo , Spodine Evgenia , Vega Andres , Richter Rainer , Griebel Jan , Kirmse Reinhard , Schröder Uwe , Beyer Lothar 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe N‐acyl thiourea complexes bis[N,N‐diethyl‐N′‐(p‐nitrobenzoyl)‐thioureato]copper(II) (1a,1b) and bis(N,N‐diphenyl‐N′‐benzoylthioureato)copper(II) (2a,2b) crystallize in each case in two modifications. X‐ray structural analysis shows that 1a and 1b are cis‐trans isomers. This is very unusual for N‐acyl thioureato complexes because with exception of one platinum(II) complex up to now only cis complexes have been found. In contrast X‐ray structural analysis of both forms 2a and 2b of the other complex shows no cis‐trans pair. Both modifications are cis complexes. In solution both isomers of the copper(II) complexes are observable by EPR spectroscopy.
Triphenylphosphinimino‐triphenylstiboniumchlorid, [Ph3PNSbPh3Cl], und seine Reaktion mit FeCl3
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: August 2004

Abstract[Ph3PNSbPh3Cl] (1) was prepared by oxidative addition of ClNPPh3 to triphenylstibine in dichloromethane solution. The compound is characterized by IR spectroscopy and by an X‐ray structure determination. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four formula units per unit cell. Lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 925.3(1), b = 1777.2(1), c = 1825.5(1) pm, β = 94.07(1)°, R1 = 0.0228. 1 forms monomeric molecules with tetrahedrally coordinated phosphorus and trigonal‐bipyramidally coordinated antimony atom, the atoms N and Cl being in axial positions. The bond lengths PN and SbN are 155.0(2) and 198.4(2) pm, respectively, the PNSb angle is 138.6(1)°. 1 reacts with iron trichloride to give the known phosphoraneiminato complex [FeCl2(NPPh3)]2.
Die Kristallstruktur von (Ph4P)2[Be4Cl4(μ‐N3)6]
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSuitable single crystals for X‐ray analysis of the recently published azido beryllate (Ph4P)2[Be4Cl4(μ‐N3)6] (1) [1] were obtained by a modified synthetic route, and the crystal structure of 1 was determined. The compound crystallizes isotypically with the corresponding bromo derivative [1] in the space group C2/c with 12 formula units per unit cell. Lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 4125.5(1), b = 2001.7(1), c = 2050.4(1) pm, β = 101.05 (1)°, R1 = 0.0359. The structure contains adamantanlike dianions [Be4Cl4(μ‐N3)6]2− with a Be4N6 core forming by the bridging function of the α‐nitrogen atoms of the azido groups.
Natriumkomplexe mit Salicylideniminen: Synthesen, Strukturen, CO2‐Aufnahme und Carboxylierung von 2‐Fluorpropiophenon bzw. Estronmethylether
Authors: Fischer Reinald , Görls Helmar , Walther Dirk 
Published: August 2004

AbstractChirale Salicylidenphenethylamine (R)‐HA, oder (S)‐HA, 2‐Salicylidenfurfurylimin HB und 2‐Salicylidenaminoethanol HC reagieren mit Natriumhydrid oder Natrium‐hexamethyldisilylamid zu den Natriumkomplexen [Na(R)‐A]4 · 0,5 Et2O, [Na(S)‐A]4 · 0,5 Et2O (1), [NaB]4 · 0,5 Ph‐Me (2) und [(dme)NaC]4 (3). In Gegenwart von 18‐Krone‐6 lässt sich auch der Komplex [Na(18‐Krone‐6)(thf)2]2[Na2(C)]4 · THF (4) isolieren. Kristallstrukturanalysen weisen für 1 und 2 aus, dass Heterocubanstrukturen mit einem Na4O4‐Grundgerüst ausgebildet werden. Außerdem ist das Iminstickstoffatom an Na gebunden, das in 1 die Koordinationszahl vier hat. Durch zusätzliche Koordination des Furfurylsauerstoffatoms erreicht Na in 2 die Koordinationszahl 5. Im ebenfalls tetrameren 3 werden zwei Na2O2‐Einheiten über zwei Imino‐ethanolbrücken Na(1)‐N(=CH‐Phenolat)‐CH2CH2‐OH‐Na(2A) miteinander verbunden. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse zeigt, dass 4 eine ionische Verbindung ist, die aus zwei [(thf)2Na(18‐Krone‐6)]+‐Kationen und dem dinuklearen Dianion [Na2(C)4]2− besteht. 1 und 2 sind Carboxylierungsreagenzien, die CO2 auf 2‐Fluorpropiophenon übertragen. 1 ist aktiver als 2, während 3 und 4 inaktiv sind.
[CoIICuI2(Im)4];∞: A Layered Bimetallic Imidazolate Polymer, the First Hybridized Cobalt(II) Imidazolate
Authors: Tian Yun‐Qi , Xu Hai‐Jun , Li Yi‐Zhi , You Xiao‐Zeng 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA 2D grid‐shaped bimetallic imidazolate polymer [CoIICuI2(Im)4];∞ (1) was solvothermally synthesized and characterized with single crystal X‐ray analysis: tetragonal space group P$\bar 4$21/c (No.114), a = b = 10.9513(15) Å, c = 6.3063(13) Å, V = 756.3(2) Å3. This is the first cobalt(II) imidazolate polymer hybridized with other transition metals.
3D Coordination Polymer Incorporating Discrete Molecular Octahedra
Authors: Komarchuk Vasiliy V. , Ponomarova Vira V. , Krautscheid Harald , Domasevitch Konstantin V. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCopper(II) oxalate coordination polymer [{Cu4(C2O4)4(L)4}3 · {Cu3(C2O4)3(L)6}2 · 3L · 25H2O]n (L = 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐4,4′‐bipyrazole) reveals a structure that is related to the Pt3O4 net topology. The 3D linkage is sustained with copper‐oxalate squares and copper‐bipyrazole triangles sharing vertices. The framework supports giant icosahedral cages and entraps discrete molecular octahedra formed by two molecular complexes Cu3(C2O4)3(L)6 associated by means of NH‐‐‐N hydrogen bonding. The coexistence of the discrete and 3D portions formed by the same components suggests self‐templation as a key feature of the system. Simpler copper oxalate compounds [Cu(C2O4)(L)2(H2O)] · CH3OH · 3.75H2O and [Cu2(C2O4)2(L)5] · L · 11H2O are concomitant products of the reaction mixture and they exist in the form of molecular mono‐ and binuclear complexes.
X‐Ray Investigations of the intrinsic Carbon‐Incorporation during the MOVPE Growth of AlxGa1‐xAs
Authors: Gottschalch Volker , Leibiger G. , Spemann D. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe have investigated the intrinsic C‐incorporation during the metalorganic vapour‐phase epitaxy of GaAs, (Al,Ga)As, and AlAs. The carbon from the methyl radicals of trimethylgallium and trimethylaluminium has been used as intrinsic carbon source and the necessary growth conditions (low growth temperatures and low V/III‐ratios) have been determined. Under these conditions we observed a reduction of the Al‐incorporation in (Al,Ga)As resulting from a change of surface kinetics at low temperatures. We have used the tensile tetragonal lattice distortion due to the C‐incorporation for determination of the carbon concentration. This has been done by investigating the symmetric (004) reflection peaks of GaAs and the strained epitaxial layer by high resolution x‐ray diffraction. The resulting carbon concentrations showed a good agreement with the hole concentrations determined by Hall measurements and spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Synthesis and Structures of Yb4Rh7Ge6 and Yb4Ir7Ge6
Authors: Heying Birgit , Katoh Kenichi , Niide Yuzuru , Ochiai Akira , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: August 2004

AbstractLarger single crystals of Yb4Rh7Ge6 and Yb4Ir7Ge6 were prepared from arc‐melted precursor alloys Rh7Ge6 and Ir7Ge6 and elemental ytterbium via the Bridgman method using tungsten crucibles. Yb4Rh7Ge6 and Yb4Ir7Ge6 were investigated by X‐ray diffraction on powders and single crystals. Both germanides crystallize with the cubic U4Re7Si6 type structure, space group Im3m. Structure refinement from X‐ray single crystal diffractometer data yielded a = 825.3(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0292, 106 F2 values, 10 variable parameters for Yb4Rh7Ge6 and a = 826.6(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0486, 150 F2 values, 10 variable parameters for Yb4Ir7Ge6. The structures contain two crystallographically independent transition metal (T) atoms with octahedral (T1) and tetrahedral (T2) germanium coordination. The octahedra and tetrahedra are condensed via common corners and edges forming complex three‐dimensional [T7Ge6] networks in which the trivalent ytterbium atoms fill voids of coordination number 14.
(n‐Bu4N)2[Au(mnt)2]: Synthese, Struktur‐ und EPR‐Untersuchungen eines stabilen, mononuklearen AuII‐Komplexes
Authors: Kirmse R. , Kampf M. , Olk R.‐M. , Hildebrand M. , Krautscheid H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDie Reaktion von [AuIII(mnt)2]− mit (n‐Bu4N)[BH4] in Aceton führt zur Bildung des bisher zweiten stabilen mononuklearen AuII‐Komplexes [AuII(mnt)2]2− dessen Struktur erstmals aufgeklärt werden konnte. (n‐Bu4N)2[AuII(mnt)2] kristallisiert triklin, P$\bar 1$ (a = 904,24(5), b = 989,55(5), c = 1627,35(10) pm, α = 92,040(7), β = 94,937(7), γ = 107,220(6)°, Z = 1) mit zwei Acetonmolekülen pro Elementarzelle. Das Anion ist planar. EPR‐Untersuchungen an Einkristallen von (n‐Bu4N)2[AuII(mnt)2] gestatten Aussagen zur Anisotropie des g‐Tensors und über die Linienbreitenanalyse Aussagen zu magnetischen Austauschwechselwirkungen.
The New Polar Intermetallic Compound NaBaBi
Authors: Hirt Holger , Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSmall lamellar air sensitive crystals of NaBaBi with a blue metallic lustre were obtained by direct reaction of the elements. The new polar intermetallic compound, which can formally be described as Na+Ba2+Bi3− crystallizes isotypic to Fe2P with lattice constants a = 859.1(1) pm, c = 509.1(1) pm (Z = 3, P $\bar 6$2m). NaBaBi is a small gap semiconductor similar to pnictides of the type A3B (A: alkali metal, B: Sb) and thus is a potential candidate for photoelectric applications.
μ‐Oxo‐bis[(cyclopentadienyl)(η1‐η1‐1,1,2,3,4,4‐hexafluorbut‐2‐en‐1,4‐diyl)mangan(IV)] – Ein höher valenter Organometall‐Mangan‐Komplex
Authors: Lentz Dieter , Akkerman Floris , Kickbusch Rainer , Patzschke Mona 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPhotochemical substitution of two carbonyl ligands of tricarbonyl(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)manganese by the butadienes, hexafluorobuta‐1,3‐diene (1a), 1,1,2,4,4‐pentafluorobuta‐1,3‐diene (1b), 1,1,4,4‐tetrafluorobuta‐1,3‐diene (1c), 1,1,2‐trifluorobuta‐1,3‐ diene (1d) und 1,1‐difluorobuta‐1,3‐diene (1e) yields the correspond‐ ing half sandwich complexes carbonyl (η4‐butadiene) (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)manganese (2a‐e), respectively. According to the IR spectrum of 2a‐e, the π acceptor strength increases with the number of fluorine atoms within the ligands 1a‐e. 2a reacts with oxygen at ambient temperature forming μ‐oxo‐bis[(cyclopentadienyl)(η1‐η1‐1,1,2,3,4,4‐hexafluorobut‐2‐en‐1,4‐diyl)manganese(IV)] (3). The structures of 2a, 2c and 3 were elucidated by X‐ray crystallography demonstrating the difference in coordination of the butadiene ligands.
Stanna‐closo‐dodecaborate: A New Ligand in Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Wesemann Lars 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMost of the divalent compounds of tin have a lone pair and hence can act as donors. In tin‐transition metal chemistry neutral molecules as well as anions have been studied as ligands. This research report summarizes recent research on coordination compounds with a closo‐heteroborate cage compound stanna‐closo‐dodecaborate [SnB11H11]2−. The syntheses of the first coordination compounds and studies on the ligand abilities of this tin borate are discussed in this article.
Involvement of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in opioid analgesia
Authors: Rittner H.L. , Stein C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTissue destruction is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction. The inflammatory reaction leads to activation of nociceptors and the sensation of pain. Several mediators are responsible for pain and hyperalgesia in inflammation including cytokines, chemokines, nerve growth factor as well as bradykinin, prostaglandins and ATP. Simulatenously however, analgesic mediators are secreted: opioid peptides, somatostatin, endocannabinoids and certain cytokines. Opioid peptides secreted from immune cells are so far the best studied peptides in peripheral inflammatory pain control. This system is hampered for example by anti‐adhesion molecule treatment. Novel immunosuppressive drugs for treatment of autoimmune disease targetting cytokines, chemokines or adhesion molecules should therefore be evaluated for potential harmful effects on pain.
Memories of parental rearing and perceived self‐image in groups of chronic pain patients
Authors: Nordin Häkan , Eisemann Martin , Richter Jörg 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjectives The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between perceived parental rearing styles as determining factors of self‐image in chronic pain patients, and to test the hypothesis of two different groups inherent to the pain sample.Methods In this study, 152 patients with chronic pain participated. The sample was divided into two groups by means of hierarchical cluster analysis on the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory, version 2. Cluster 1 comprised 116 individuals (44 men and 72 women) with a “conversion V” MMPI‐2 profile, and cluster 2 comprised 21 individuals (5 men and 16 women) with a “general elevated” MMPI‐2 profile. The patients were investigated by means of the structural analysis of social behavior (SASB), the Giessen test (GT), the locus of control scale (LOC) and the EMBU questionnaire (My memories of parental upbringing).Results The results show significant associations between memories of parental rearing and self‐image as adults and are in line with results from previous studies describing two psychologically different groups inherent to chronic pain patients.Conclusions The significant differences between healthy controls, pain patients and between clusters of pain patients on parental rearing scales, and the significant relationship between memories of parental rearing and self‐image provide therapists with a special approach to the treatment of chronic pain patients in accordance to social cognitive theories and the psychodynamic theoretical construct of introjection as an early process in the development of self‐images.
The causal status of pain catastrophizing: an experimental test with healthy participants
Authors: Severeijns Rudy , van den Hout Marcel A. , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn the current study we report findings on the effects of experimentally induced catastrophizing about pain on expected pain, experienced pain and escape/avoidance behavior during a cold pressor task in a sample of healthy participants. It was hypothesized that increasing the level of catastrophizing would result in a higher level of expected pain, a higher level of experienced pain, and a shorter duration of ice‐water immersion. Also, it was hypothesized that these relations might be stronger for participants who already catastrophized about pain prior to the experiment.The results demonstrated that despite the successful attempt to induce catastrophizing, this neither significantly affected expected pain, experienced pain, and duration of ice‐water immersion, nor were these relations moderated by the pre‐experimental level of catastrophizing.Although the level of catastrophizing was successfully manipulated, more similar experiments are necessary in order to give a more definite answer on the possible causal status of pain catastrophizing.
Psychiatric comorbidity in medication overuse headache patients with pre‐existing headache type of episodic tension‐type headache
Authors: Atasoy Huseyin Tugrul , Atasoy Nuray , Unal Aysun Eroglu , Emre Ufuk , Sumer Murat 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackground: Medication overuse headache (MOH) mostly evolves from migraine and episodic tension‐type headache (ETTH). Chronic tension‐type headache (CTTH) is another headache type that evolves over time from ETTH. It is well known that psychiatric comorbidity is high in MOH patients.Aim: To investigate the frequency of psychiatric comorbidity, and the intensity of depression and anxiety in MOH patients evolving from ETTH and to compare results with CTTH patients and MOH patients evolving from migraine.Methods: Twenty‐eight CTTH (Group C) and 89 MOH patients were included into the study. MOH patients were divided into two groups according to their pre‐existing headache types: MOH patients with pre‐existing ETTH (Group E, n = 31), and with pre‐existing migraine (Group M, n = 58). All patients were interviewed with a psychiatrist and SCID‐CV and SCID‐II were applied. Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory scales were also performed.Results: Eleven patients (39.3%) in Group C, 21 patients (67.7%) in Group E, and 31 patients (53.7%) in Group M were diagnosed to have comorbid psychiatric disorders. The psychiatric comorbidity was found significantly higher in Group E than Group C. In Group E, mood disorders were found significantly higher, but the difference between the two groups with regard to anxiety disorders was insignificant. Mean depression scores were significantly higher in Group E than Group C. The mostly diagnosed type was obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder in all the three groups, and was statistically significant in Group M than Group C.Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidity in MOH patients with pre‐existing ETTH is common as in those with pre‐existing migraine headache and MOH with regard to developing psychiatric disorders should be interpreted as a risk factor in chronic daily headache patients.