bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterisation of novel casein-gum Arabic composite microcapsules for targeted in vivo delivery of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A3
Authors: Chang C. , Zong M. , Teng Y. , Zeng X. , Guo Y. , Pan D. , Zhang T. , Wu Z. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The health benefits of probiotics in the body are predicated on their ability to remain viable in harsh gastrointestinal conditions and complex pathological microenvironments. Casein and gum Arabic (GA), with dual emulsifying and stabilising effects in colloidal systems. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a novel microcapsule to encapsulate Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A3 using casein and GA as wall materials to improve the survival of the bacteria during gastrointestinal digestion, storage and lyophilization. The casein and GA composite microcapsules were prepared and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the microcapsules had stable morphology, uniform size and spherical shape. The results revealed that the encapsulation of microcapsules significantly improved the survival of L. plantarum A3 in gastrointestinal fluid environment (5.52 × 109 cfu/ml) and lyophilization treatment (6.25 × 109 cfu/ml). Furthermore, the microencapsulated L. plantarum A3 exhibited an improved ability to regulate intestinal microbiota by effectively increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria and decreasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes in vivo. The findings of the study will help to design a lactic acid bacteria encapsulation system based on the gastrointestinal environment and provide a basis for the development of probiotic functional products.
Evolution of Internal Gravity Waves in a Mesoscale Eddy Simulated Using a Novel Model
Authors: Sebastia Saez Pablo , Eden Carsten , Chouksey Manita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate the effect of wave–eddy interaction and dissipation of internal gravity waves propagating in a coherent mesoscale eddy simulated using a novel numerical model called the Internal Wave Energy Model based on the six-dimensional radiative transfer equation. We use an idealized mean flow structure and stratification, motivated by observations of a coherent eddy in the Canary Current System. In a spindown simulation using the Garret–Munk model spectrum as initial conditions, we find that wave energy decreases at the eddy rim. Lateral shear leads to wave energy gain due to a developing horizontal anisotropy outside the eddy and at the rim, while vertical shear leads to wave energy loss which is enhanced at the eddy rim. Wave energy loss by wave dissipation due to vertical shear dominates over horizontal shear. Our results show similar behavior of the internal gravity wave in a cyclonic as well as an anticyclonic eddy. Wave dissipation by vertical wave refraction occurs predominantly at the eddy rim near the surface, where related vertical diffusivities range from to .

Significance Statement
Using a novel model and observations from the Canary Current System of a coherent eddy of 100-km diameter, we explore the interaction between a realistic internal gravity wave field and this eddy. We study wave refraction and energy transfers between the waves and the eddy induced by the eddy’s lateral and vertical shear. Waves lose energy at the eddy rim by vertical shear and gain outside of the eddy rim by horizontal shear. We find large vertical wave refraction by vertical shear at the eddy rim, where waves break and mix density, which can have wide ranging effects on the ocean’s circulation. These results are important for understanding the ocean’s mixing and energy cycle and to develop eddy and wave parameterizations.
Risk factors for hospital readmission among patients with cirrhosis and ascites in China: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Li Na , Xu Mei , Liu Shi-Ying , Yu Ming-Qin , Ruan Chun-Feng 
Published: January 2024

Objective In this investigation, we aimed to explore risk factors for 90-day hospital readmission among patients with cirrhosis and ascites in an Asian population. Methods In this retrospective study, we included consecutive patients diagnosed with cirrhosis and ascites hospitalized in Renji Hospital between 2018 and 2022 to elucidate risk factors for 90-day readmission. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify readmission risk factors. Results We included 265 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A 43% readmission rate was observed within 90 days. After adjustment for multiple covariates, we found that readmission within 90 days was independently linked to reduced levels of hemoglobin (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.97) and serum albumin (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.93), and higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and sodium (MELD-Na) scores (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07) at discharge. Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis who have ascites are frequently rehospitalized within 90 days after discharge. Lower hemoglobin or albumin and higher MELD-Na scores at discharge may be the main risk factors for hospital readmission.
The penetration resistance behavior and corresponding size effects of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite laminates
Authors: Ren Wenke , Zhou Xuan , Xu Lizhi , Gao Guangfa 
Published: January 2024

Focusing on the energy absorption characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber laminated panels, this study conducts ballistic tests and numerical simulations using 6 mm spherical projectiles to impact the UHMWPE laminated panels. The residual velocity characteristics, energy absorption patterns, and failure modes of the UHMWPE laminated panels under steel ball impacts were analyzed. The results show that the residual velocity of the steel ball increases with the increase of the incident velocity. In the velocity range near the ballistic limit velocity, the residual velocity of the steel ball increases sharply. When the incident velocity exceeds 340 m/s, the increase in residual velocity gradually slows down, tending towards a straight line. When the steel ball velocity is less than 330 m/s, the energy absorption of the UHMWPE laminated panels exhibits linear growth with increasing velocity, with a maximum energy absorption of 47.3 J. In the 327–340 m/s velocity range, the energy absorption of the laminated panels drops sharply from 47 J to around 30 J. In the 340 m/s–600 m/s velocity range, the decline in energy absorption gradually becomes more moderate, decreasing to around 20 J. Beyond 500 m/s, the energy absorbed by the UHMWPE laminated panels stabilizes with increasing velocity, and the fiber tensile failure is the main form of energy absorption of UHMWPE composite laminates under ballistic impact. The failure process of UHMWPE laminated panels presents a multi-stage failure mode, including fiber shear failure, tensile failure, and delamination. As the projectile’s incident velocity increases, the damage mechanism of the UHMWPE laminated panels transitions from tensile-dominated to shear plugging-dominated. Through similarity theory analysis, under certain conditions, the ballistic limit velocity and the dimensionless parameter of unit energy absorption for the UHMWPE laminated panels satisfy geometric similarity.
Etrasimod: A Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Choi David , Becker Michelle , Ivanov Marina , Bhat Shubha 
Published: January 2024

Objective: To review the pharmacologic and clinical profile of etrasimod in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Data sources: A PubMed search was conducted from inception to November 2023 using the keywords etrasimod, ulcerative colitis, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator. Information was also obtained from published abstracts and package insert. Study selection and data extraction: Phase 2 and 3 studies plus relevant literature on etrasimod pharmacologic and clinical profile were reviewed. Data synthesis: Per ELEVATE, 2 phase 3 studies, a higher proportion of patients with moderately to severely active UC achieved clinical remission in the induction and maintenance phase with etrasimod compared with placebo. In addition, a higher proportion of patients achieved secondary endpoints of clinical response, endoscopic improvement-histologic remission, corticosteroid-free remission, and endoscopic improvement with etrasimod vs placebo. Common adverse events include anemia and headache. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison with existing drugs: Etrasimod is now the second orally administered sphingosine-1-phosphate modulator approved for UC, providing patients with additional treatment options. Efficacy rates of this treatment are in line with other UC medication options. Similar to other sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, various assessments are required at baseline and during treatment to ensure safe and appropriate use. Conclusion: Etrasimod is another possibility in the armamentarium of UC treatment, providing patients with more oral medication options. Prior to treatment initiation, several assessments relating to safety, drug interactions, and pharmacogenomics factors are advised.
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy after tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A literature review and a case example
Authors: García-Díaz Héctor Carlos , Eremiev Simeon , Gómez-Alonso Javier , Veas Rodriguez Joel , Farriols Anna , Carreras Maria J , Serrano César 
Published: January 2024

Objective To review the evidence of uncommon but fatal adverse event of hyperammonemic encephalopathy by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and the possible mechanisms underlying this condition and to describe the case of a patient that developed drug-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy related to TKI. Data Sources Literature search of different databases was performed for studies published from 1 January 1992 to 7 May 2023. The search terms utilized were hyperammonemic encephalopathy, TKI, apatinib, pazopanib, sunitinib, imatinib, sorafenib, regorafenib, trametinib, urea cycle regulation, sorafenib, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1, ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinate lyase, arginase 1, Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and mTOR pathway, were used individually search or combined. Data Summary Thirty-seven articles were included. The articles primarily focused in hyperammonemic encephalopathy case reports, management of hyperammonemic encephalopathy, urea cycle regulation, autophagy, mTOR and MAPK pathways, and TKI. Conclusion Eighteen cases of hyperammonemic encephalopathy were reported in the literature from various multitargeted TKI. The mechanism of this event is not well-understood but some authors have hypothesized vascular causes since some of TKI are antiangiogenic, however our literature review shows a possible relationship between the urea cycle and the molecular inhibition exerted by TKI. More preclinical evidence is required to unveil the biochemical mechanisms responsible involved in this process and clinical studies are necessary to shed light on the prevalence, risk factors, management and prevention of this adverse event. It is important to monitor neurological symptoms and to measure ammonia levels when manifestations are detected.
Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis in patients with intracranial hypertension
Authors: Remolí-Sargues Lidia , Monferrer-Adsuara Clara , López-Salvador Belén , García-Villanueva Carolina , Gracia-García Alicia , Castro-Navarro Verónica , Cervera-Taulet Enrique 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Evidence on peripapillary microvasculature in intracranial hypertension (IH) after the regression of papilledema is still scarce. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the association between structural changes in the optic nerve and the retina and peripapillary microvasculature in patients with IIH. Methods We conducted a retrospective study. The study included 39 eyes of 21 patients with IIH. Treatment for IIH and history of obesity were registered from each patient. Moreover, OCT analysis including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and OCTA analysis including perfusion density (PD) and flux index (FI) of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus were performed. Results Correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between GCIPL thickness and peripapillary PD and FI ( p < 0,05, r > 0,7), whereas the degree of correlation between RNFL thickness and peripapillary microvascular parameters was low ( p < 0,05, r < 0,7). Patients with regressed papilledema had significantly lower GCIPL thickness and peripapillary PD than control subjects ( p < 0,05). Conclusion Peripapillary microvascular measurements are highly correlated with GCIPL thickness in patients with IIH. Moreover, GCIPL thickness and peripapillary PD are significantly inferior in patients with regressed papilledema compared to control group. Thus, we suggested that peripapillary microvascular parameters may be an early indicator of optic nerve atrophy in patients with IIH.
Referral of patients from rural primary care clinics to telemedicine vendors for opioid use disorder treatment: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Lin Chunqing , Zhu Yuhui , Mooney Larissa J , Ober Allison , Clingan Sarah E , Baldwin Laura-Mae , Calhoun Stacy , Hser Yih-Ing 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Rural primary care clinics can expand their medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) capacity by coordinating care with external telemedicine (TM) vendors specializing in addiction medicine. This study used mixed methods to identify factors that influence patient referrals from rural primary care clinics to TM vendors for MOUD. Methods Between July/August 2020 and January/February 2021, 582 patients with OUD were identified across six primary care sites; that included 68 referred to an external TM vendor to receive MOUD. Mixed effects logistic regression identified individual and site-level factors associated with being referred to the TM vendor. Clinic providers and staff participated in in-depth interviews and focus groups to discuss their considerations for referring patients to the TM vendor. Results Patient referrals were positively associated with local household broadband coverage (OR = 2.55, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with local population density (OR = 0.01, p  =  0.003) and the number of buprenorphine prescribers in the county (OR = 0.85, p < 0.001). Clinic personnel expressed appreciation for psychiatric expertise and the flexibility to access MOUD brought by the TM vendor. Perceived concerns about TM referral included a lack of trust with external providers, uncertainty about TM service quality, workflow delays, and patients’ technological and insurance challenges. Conclusion This study revealed several clinic-level factors that may potentially influence patient referral to TM vendor services for MOUD. To facilitate the referral process and utilization of TM vendors, efforts should be made to foster open communication and trust between clinic providers and TM vendors, streamline workflows, and improve Internet access for patients.
A review on the manufacturing techniques for textile based antennas
Authors: Rafiq Muntaha , Imran Aqsa , Rasheed Abher , Zaman Shahood uz 
Published: January 2024

An antenna is a medium of communication in electronic systems and one of its branches is known as wearable antenna (embedded in clothing or other wearables). Antennas are found in a wide range of applications such as medical, military, sports, safety, fitness, satellite communication etc. Textile based antennas are considered a replacement of conventional communication systems in E-textiles as they are more flexible and comfortable as compared to their metallic counterparts and more efficient than transmission wires. Electronic wiring which is commonly used for data transmission is susceptible to damage because of bending or stretching in wearables and may cause interferences between signals and time delays. One of the most significant advantages of wearable antennas is the reduction of bulk of electronic components as they can act as a sensor and communicator at a time. The cost can also be reduced this way. The current work focuses on the review of different manufacturing techniques for wearable antennas. The scope of this review is to highlight main techniques, their advantages and limitations in comparison with each other as well as to describe the available solutions of associated problems. The findings of this review could be fruitful for researchers to find out the best manufacturing technique for antennas in their perspective. Visual Abstract [Formula: see text]
Determinants of Contraceptive Options among Postpartum Women Attending Selected Health Care Facilities in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Adeoye Yetunde Romoke , Esan Deborah Tolulope , Onasoga Olayinka Abolore , Afolayan Joel Adeleke , Bello Cecilia Bukola , Olawade David Bamidele 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Differences in availability and choices of contraceptive methods among postpartum women have been found to influence their quality of life as the fertility rate is very high, and the contraceptive usage rate persistently remains low in Nigeria. Objectives This study assessed the determinants of contraceptive options among postpartum women in Nigeria. Methods Two Local Governments were randomly selected from the four Local Governments. Within these two local governments, five health facilities were selected. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the 240 respondents, while a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results Findings from the study indicated that 81.7% of the respondents have planned to have their current baby, and about 65.4% of the women have resumed sexual activities since delivery. Of those who have resumed sexual activities, the majority, 91.1% did so 6 weeks after delivery. Some form of contraceptive usage was prominent among 59.2% of the respondents, as the most common contraceptive method used was withdrawal (24.8%). Contraceptive prevalence was slightly lower for urban respondents than rural respondents, although the relationship was not significant. Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the current use of contraceptives and resumption of sexual activities since delivery ( p = .001), resumption of menstruation ( p = .001), and information received about postpartum family planning ( p = 0.013). Conclusion Findings from this study emphasize the urgent need for enhanced accessibility and availability of contraceptive methods, with a parallel emphasis on targeted interventions and effective communication strategies to promote contraceptive uptake and family planning. Addressing these determinants is vital in improving postpartum women's overall quality of life in the study area.
Exploring Factors for Implementation of EPAs in Pediatric Subspecialty Fellowships: A Qualitative Study of Program Directors
Authors: Czaja Angela S. , Mink Richard B. , Herman Bruce E. , Weiss Pnina , Turner David A. , Curran Megan L. , Stafford Diane E. J. , Myers Angela L. , Langhan Melissa L. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE To understand fellowship program directors’ (FPDs) perspectives on facilitators and barriers to using entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in pediatric subspecialty training. METHODS We performed a qualitative study of FPDs, balancing subspecialty, program size, geographic region and current uses of EPAs. A study coordinator conducted 1-on-1 interviews using a semistructured approach to explore EPA use or nonuse and factors supporting or preventing their use. Investigators independently coded transcribed interviews using an inductive approach and the constant comparative method. Group discussion informed code structure development and refinement. Iterative data collection and analysis continued until theoretical sufficiency was achieved, yielding a thematic analysis. RESULTS Twenty-eight FPDs representing 11 pediatric subspecialties were interviewed, of whom 16 (57%) reported current EPA use. Five major themes emerged: (1) facilitators including the intuitive nature and simple wording of EPAs; (2) barriers such as workload burden and lack of a regulatory requirement; (2) variable knowledge and training surrounding EPAs, leading to differing levels of understanding; (3) limited current use of EPAs, even among self-reported users; and (4) complementary nature of EPAs and milestones. FPDs acknowledged the differing strengths of both EPAs and milestones but sought additional knowledge about the value added by EPAs for assessing trainees, including the impact on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Identified themes can inform effective and meaningful EPA implementation strategies: Supporting and educating FPDs, ongoing assessment of the value of EPAs in training, and practical integration with current workflow. Generating additional data and engaging stakeholders is critical for successful implementation for the pediatric subspecialties.
Scaffolding Self-Regulated Learning in Operative Dentistry Through Self-Assessment Training
Authors: Alfakhry Ghaith , Mustafa Khattab , Ybrode Kamal , Jazayerli Bashar , Milly Hussam , Alhomsi Khaled , Jamous Issam 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate how effective self-assessment training is in improving the self-regulated learning (SRL) ability of operative dentistry students. The secondary aim was to explore students’ attitudes towards self-assessment in clinical settings. INTRODUCTION Self-assessment has been the focus of dental education research for decades and has been claimed to be cornerstone in the SRL process. METHODS This is quasi-experimental study conducted at Damascus University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Syria. A modified direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessment protocol with a self-assessment component was applied to a convenience sample of students across five clinical encounters in 2022. Data were collected during clinical training on the DOPS form and at the end of the experiment using a structured questionnaire with a single open-ended question. The qualitative part of the study followed a deductive theory-informed content analysis approach, relying on Zimmerman SRL theory. RESULTS A total number of 32 students participated in the study, eight of whom were male. During the experiment assessment, participants showed overwhelming positive attitudes towards the utility of self-assessment (m ≥ 3.5; max:4) and the overall assessment method (3.3 ≥ m ≥ 3.5; max:4). Cronbach's alpha for the post-experiment questionnaire was 0.888. A total of 84.4% of the participants strongly agreed that self-assessment is useful in clinical training. Data collected (qualitative and quantitative) from participants revealed the positive effects of self-assessment on all three phases of SRL, especially the reflection phase. CONCLUSION Self-assessment practice and training showed positive results in terms of improving SRL and performance in a clinical context; SRL appeared to be affected by self-assessment in all phases (forethought, performance, and reflection). Participants’ perceptions of self-assessment were generally very positive. These findings imply the potential benefits of applying self-assessment training interventions to foster the SRL ability of learners within the clinical context.