bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent clutch size in a koinobiont parasitoid
Authors: Elzinga Jelmer A. , Harvey Jeffrey A. , Biere Arjen 
Published: January 2005

Abstract.  1. The Lack clutch size theory predicts how many eggs a female should lay to maximise her fitness gain per clutch. However, for parasitoids that lay multiple clutches it can overestimate optimal clutch size because it does not take into account the future reproductive success of the parasitoid.2. From egg‐limitation and time‐limitation models, it is theoretically expected that (i) clutch size decreases with age if host encounter rate is constant, and (ii) clutch size should increase with host deprivation and hence with age in host‐deprived individuals.3. Clutch sizes produced by ageing females of the koinobiont gregarious parasitoid Microplitis tristis Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) that were provided daily with hosts, and of females ageing with different periods of host deprivation were measured.4. Contrary to expectations, during the first 2 weeks, clutch size did not change with the age of the female parasitoid, neither with nor without increasing host‐deprivation time.5. After the age of 2 weeks, clutch size decreased for parasitoids that parasitised hosts daily. The decrease was accompanied by a strong decrease in available eggs. However, a similar decrease occurred in host‐deprived parasitoids that did not experience egg depletion, suggesting that egg limitation was not the only factor causing the decrease in clutch size.6. For koinobiont parasitoids like M. tristis that have low natural host encounter rates and short oviposition times, the costs of reproduction due to egg limitation, time limitation, or other factors are relatively small, if the natural lifespan is relatively short.7. Koinobiont parasitoid species that in natural situations experience little variation in host density and host quality might not have strongly evolved the ability to adjust clutch size.
General session I Moderated by Yashihiro Otani: A Case of Lower Leg Osteomyelitis Successfully Treated with Trafermin Spray
Authors: ENDO Takashi 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  Chronic osteomyelitis with pus discharge is very difficult to treat. This time we experienced the case of lower leg osteomyelitis, which we have treated with Trafermin spray. The result was excellent and beyond our expectation, so we will report this case.Case:  63 years, male. He sustained the open fracture injury of his right foot by a fallen rocks and resulted in the osteomyelitis. Then he was introduced to our hospital. Operation was done under spinal anesthesia, the infected bone and covering skin were excised fully and the defect (4 × 3 × 3 cm) was left open. After 2 weeks of dressing change, we began to use the Trafermin spray.Result:  At the first 3 weeks, evident change was not recognized, but good granulation formation started 4 weeks later. This tendency has continued for a while and the defect completely closed 5 months later.Discussion:  We have experienced the case of lower leg osteomyelitis, which showed the dramatic improvement. Through this case, we have reconfirmed that rich blood supply around the defect is essential for the healing process when we use the Trafermin spray.
NonInvasive Approach for Refractory Enterovaginal Fistula
Authors: Hidefumi Nishimori , Hata Fumitake , Furuhata Tomohisa , Ishiyama Gentaro , Hirata Koichi 
Published: January 2005

Enterovaginal fistula is generally difficult to treat, and a surgical treatment is often chosen. There are many cases that require extended bowel resection for severe adhesion in the pelvic cavity and just as many cases of postoperative complications. The present case involves a 61‐year‐old female. After radical operation for ovarian cancer, a recurrence was recognized in the pelvic cavity despite chemotherapy. After that, recurrence was found in the pelvic cavity, and low anterior resection combined with the resection of recurrent tumor was performed.Enterovaginal fistula and pelvovaginal fistula were found from the 10th postoperative day; therefore urethral catheter was placed transvaginally. Those fistulas were simplified afterwards, and the tube for percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage (PTCD) was placed and then removed after several exchanges. After that, enteric juice was identified for a few days, but the fistula was completely closed, and no recurrence was found.It is easy for discharge from enterovaginal fistula to increase because of the anatomical position the fistula; since there is no appropriate device for this fistula, treatment is difficult. It seems that, in selected cases in which the patient heals conservatively without losing quality of life for patients, it is possible to place a tube in an appropriate position under the x‐ray and change it step by step.
Attempt to Improve Wound Healing Considering the Timing of Suture Removal and the Dressing
Authors: Kitte Toshihiro , Arinaga Shinya , Ishikawa Koichi , Shiraishi Norio , Kitano Seigo 
Published: January 2005

Introduction:  In the surgical field, “suture removal on 7 days after surgery” and “daily disinfection and coverage with gauze” have been customs. The timing of suture removal and the postoperative wound treatment were devised, and their effect on wound healing was compared with the conventional method.Method:  The abdominal incision was divided into two parts, one half of the suture was removed on 3 days after surgery, the other half of the suture was removed on 7 days after surgery, and the conditions of the wound were compared between 7 and 14 days after surgery. In addition, the skin was disinfected only immediately before incision, and the closed dressing was given on the wound.Results:  There were no differences in the degree of skin approximation, the degree of redness, subcutaneous swelling, pain and postoperative scar between both days. However, the suture removal on 3 days gave no scar of suture, which was better cosmetically. The frequency of treatments also decreased, which led to cost reduction.Discussion:  Since the wound is covered with epithelial cells in 48 hours, the suture removal on 3 days and the closed dressing are desirable in the abdominal incision to which no especially strong stress is added from the viewpoint of wound healing. In addition, this method is better than the conventional method from the aspect of cosmetics and cost reduction. We will investigate this method further in the future.
symposium i‐2. pathophysiology and treatment of pressure ulcer Moderated by Toshimasa Asahara: Sterilized Acellular Allogeneic Dermal Matrix for Scaffold of Cultured Composite Skin
Authors: Guo Jingping , Takami Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Ryo , Shiota Noriko , Ogo Ken , Harii Kiyonori 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  Acellular Allogeneic Dermal Matrix ADM has been used for scaffold of cultured composite skin. However, possibility of disease transmission by ADM remains as its potential risk. So it is important to reduce the risk by ADM transplantation the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ADM could be used as a scaffold of cultured composite skin safely.Method:  Four different kinds of methods were used for sterilization, such as 98% glycerol, Pasteurization, Gamma irradiation, and ethylene oxide gas sterilization (EOG). Histological, immunohistochemical and electrophoretic (SDS‐PAGE) properties were evaluated. The property as a scaffold of cultured composites skin was evaluated using normal human cultured keratinosytes.Results:  Four methods did not induce apparent collagen degradation of ADM on SDS‐PAGE. However, damage of basement membrane structure was observed by ADM treated with Pasteurization, Gamma irradiation, and EOG histological. These three methods also resulted in the poor regeneration of the epidermal layer in cultured composite skin.Conclusion:  The results suggested that glycerol treatment was found to be the best method of ADM sterilization as far as its scaffold was concerned.
Regulation of VEGF‐Induced Angiogenesis by MMPs
Authors: Shiomi Takayuki , Hashimoto Gakuji , Inoki Isao , Fujii Yutaka , Ikeda Eiji , Okada Yasunori 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  We have recently reported that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) inhibits the angiogenic activity of VEGF165, one of the vasucular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms, through the complex formation with VEGF165. In the present study, we examined the susceptibility of the VEGF165/CTGF complex to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ADAMTS4 and serine proteinases, and evaluated the recovery of the angiogenic activity of VEGF165 after the treatment.Methods:  VEGF165/CTGF complex was digested with six different MMPs, ADAMTS4, elastase or plasmin. The reaction products were analyzed on silver‐stained gels and by immunoblotting. Angiogenic activity of the complex treated with MMPs was assayed by in vitro tube formation assay and in vivo angiogenesis assay using a Matrigel injection model in mice.Results:  Among the MMPs, MMP‐1, ‐3, ‐7, and ‐13 processed CTGF of the complex into the major NH2‐ and COOH‐terminal fragments, whereas VEGF165 was completely resistant to the MMPs. The in vitro angiogenic activity of VEGF165 blocked in the VEGF165/CTGF complex was reactivated to original levels after CTGF digestion of the complex with MMPs. Recovery of activity was further confirmed by in vivo angiogenesis assay.Conclusions:  These results demonstrate that CTGF is a substrate of MMPs and that the angiogenic activity of VEGF165 suppressed by the complex formation with CTGF is recovered through the selective degradation of CTGF by MMPs. MMPs may play a novel role through CTGF degradation in VEGF‐induced angiogenesis during formation of granulation and scar tissue in wound healing process.
Skin Regeneration by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: Nakagawa H , Akino K , Akita S 
Published: January 2005

Skin and soft tissue defects are sometimes problematic especially when the defects large, contaminated, irradiated, or poor blood supplied. The human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are proliferated upon basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimuli in vitro and in vivo. In this experiment, the skin and soft tissue defects are investigated if the wounds are able to be reepithelialized or accelerated by hMSCs, bFGF and porcine‐derived bilayered skin template.1.5 × 1.5 cm2 nude rat skin and soft tissue defects including panniculus carnosus are excised and 1 × 106 hMSCs and various doses of bFGF (1–100 μg) applied. Before and after normal reepithelialization, the tissues are tested for protein expressions by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.The wound sizes are significantly decreased at day 7 with hMSCs with 1, 10, or 100 μg bFGF compared to hMSCs‐alone or medium‐only. All the wounds healed by day 42. 42 Kda and 38 Kda human‐derived pancytokeratin expressions, which do not cross‐react with murine antigens, by Western blotting significantly augmented by 10 μg bFGF compared to hMSCs‐alone. The epidermal immunolocalizations such as integrin α3 and SKALP (Skin‐derived Anti Leukoproteinase) are greatly elevated in time and dose‐dependent manner. Human pan‐cytokeratin expressions are immunoreactive even at day 42.These data suggest the skin and soft tissue wound healing is accelerated by hMSCs together with bFGF, partly by means of differentiation of hMSCs toward epidermal components.
Symposium i‐2. pathophysiology and treatment of pressure ulcer Moderated by Hiroyuki Kuwano: Administration of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) for Intractable Rectovesical Fistula — a Case Report
Authors: Onozato Ryoichi , Yamaguchi Satoru , Asao Takayuki , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Tsutsumi Soichi , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2005

Case:  62‐year‐old female. Drainage of abscess and hysterectomy were performed for pelvic peritonitis. But stool‐like exudates was observed at postoperative 2 days. Transverse colostomy and drainage of the abscess were performed. Transvaginal closure of the vaginal stump was performed for rectovaginal fistula. After a while, intractable rectovesical fistula was newly observed.Clinical course:  Because patient was contracted articular rheumatism, she wanted to avoid operation. Under sufficient informed consent, we started the treatment of injection with bFGF via the drainage tube to rectovesical fistula (50 μg/day). Narrowness of the fistula was checked by fistulography, and decrease of eduction of stool like exudates was observed. The fistula was closed after 2.5 months from beginning of the treatment.Summary:  We reported a case that bFGF was available for intractable nontumorous enterogenic fistula.
Open Wound Integrated Regenerative Therapy with Topical bFGF Trafermin for Deep Soft Tissue Defects with Bone Exposure
Authors: Ohura N , Ichioka S , Asano T , Nakatsuka T 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  Recently advocated concept of wound bed preparation (WBP) has systematically concreted the critical components of wound care, including debridement, bacterial balance, and management of exudate. We succeed in experiences by topical pharmaceutical therapy combined with WBP. We aimed to demonstrate availability of the wound management.Methods:  Since 1999, 18 exteriorized‐bone patients with deep soft tissue defects were treated with this treatment. Our procedure was composed of four steps; 1) Resection or debridement, 2) Wound cleansing (soaking foot and hand in the hot bath with antibacterial carbonated agent), 3) Topical medication: basic fibroblast growth factor (Trafermin; KAKEN, Tokyo) and bucladecine sodium (Actocin ointment; Daiichi Pharmaceu. Co. Ltd, Tokyo), and 4) Dressing.Results:  The average time for whole coverage of the exposed‐bone area with healthy granulation was 23 ±  13( median;19, range; 7–47) days after surgical treatment (the 1st step). The average time for complete epithelization was 72 ± 42 (55, 26–150) days in the patients who had not undergone skin graft. For minor amputations of diabetic feet the healing time until complete epithelization was 65 ± 46 (44, 26–150) days on an average.Conclusions:  We concluded that the integrated approach mobilizing commercial available products for wound healing under optimally prepared environment offers advantage of facilitating the efficacy of exogenous therapeutic measures on condition that endogenous regeneration has been accelerated.
Viability and Function of Autologous and Allogeneic Fibroblasts Seeded in Dermal Substitutes After Implantation
Authors: Morimoto Naoki , Suzuki Shigehiko , Saso Yasumi , Tomihata Kenji , Taira Tsuguyoshi , Takahashi Yoshitake , Morikawa Noriyuki 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  The Aim of this study is to investigate the viability and distribution in vivo of autologous and allogeneic fibroblasts seeded in the collagen sponges after implantation and to clalify which is more effective for wound healing.Methods:  Three full‐thickness wounds were created on the backs of guinea pigs and acellular substitute, substitute seeded with autologous fibroblasts at the density of 1,0 × 106 cells/cm2, and substitute seeded with allogeneic fibroblasts at the same density were transplanted. Before implantation, fibroblasts were labeled with PKH26.1, 2, 3 weeks after implantation, the epithelized areas were measured and specimens were taken.Results:  PKH26 labeled autologous and allogeneic fibroblasts remained viabl. In the wound covered with autologous fibroblasts seeded substitute, the epithelization was fastest, and wound contraction was minimal. In contrast, in the wound covered with allogeneic fibroblasts, the epithelization was latest and the contraction was largestConclusions:  Allogeneic fibroblasts seeded in the collagen sponge took and remained viable on the grafted area, but adversely affected the wound healing.
Comparison Between Omental Implantation and Omental Patch for Perforated Acetic Acid‐Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Authors: Matoba Yasunori , Tokunaga Akira , Moriyama Yukichi , Iida Shinya , Matsukura Norio , Tajiri Takashi , Katayama Hironori 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  Omental implantation, a surgical procedure in which a perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer is repaired by drawing and implanting a portion of the omentum into the digestive tract, accelerates ulcer healing and inhibits ulcer recurrence compared with omental patch from clinical results. To clarify these mechanism and differences, we investigated ulcer healing in two groups.Methods:  In two groups of rats in which acetic acid‐induced gastric ulcers were perforated. Omental implantation was used for repaired in one group and omental patch was employed in the other group. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA‐positive cells were identified and localized by in situ hybridization. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)‐positive cells were identified and localized by immunohistochemical analysis.Results:  Antiinflammatory and angiogenic activity and accelerated collagen synthesis were seen in the omental implantation group. BFGF mRNA‐positive cells (macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells) and FGFR‐positive cells were seen within the omentum, resulting in abundant collagen production and rapid epithelial regeneration. In the omental patch group, extensive neutrophilic infiltration and ulcer recurrence were seen. Few bFGF mRNA‐positive cells and FGFR‐positive cells were seen within the omentum, resulting to inhibit omentum becoming to be granulation tissue and ulcer healing.Conclusions:  These results indicated that omental implantation accelerated ulcer healing, and the presence of bFGF mRNA and FGFR played a significant role in this phenomenon.
Analysis of Pathophysiology of Pressure Ulcer in a Microcirculatory Model
Authors: Ichioka S , Tsuji S , Sekiya N , Nakatsuka T 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  This study aims to establish a pressure ulcers model that visualizes the microcirculation, and to examine the participation of ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the pathophysiology of pressure ulcers.Methods:  An original system composed of a new skinfold chamber and compression device allowed loading quantitative vertical stress to the skin. An intravital microscopic technique enabled direct visualization of the microcirculation in the physiological condition and in response to pressure application. To estimate the effect of ischemia‐reperfusion injury, animals were divided into two groups: the compression‐release group in which the animals received four cycles of compression‐release which consisted of 2 hours of compression followed by 1 hour of pressure release; and the compression alone group in which the animals underwent continuous compression for 8 hours. Functional capillary density was quantified before the compression procedure and on day1 (35 hours) after the first evaluation.Results and Conclusions:  The cyclic compression‐release procedure significantly decreased functional capillary density as compared to continuous compression, indicating that in our experimental setting repetition of ischemia‐reperfusion cycle more severely damaged the microcirculation than single prolonged ischemic insult. The finding supports the significant contribution of ischemia‐reperfusion injury to the pathophysiology of pressure ulcers at the level of dynamic in vivo microcirculation.
How to Treat Acute Phase Pressure Ulcers with Necrotic Tissue
Authors: Tsukada Kunio , Tokunaga Keiko , Nagano Midori 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  Most acute phase pressure ulcers have necrotic tissue. Choices to treat such ulcers are controversial. The aim of this study is to help produce a guideline to treat acute phase pressure ulcers with necrosis.Methods:  Records of patients who acute phase ulcers with necrosis were retrospectively reviewed and their primary treatments and outcomes were studied. Ninety‐seven ulcers of 86 patients for 3.5 year period were included. Pictures of all ulcers were taken throughout the treatment periods.Results:  Thirteen Stage II ulcers with black or yellow necrosis were treated with hydrocolloid dressings. All of them had excellent results. Forty of 76 Stage III ulcers had yellow necrosis. Hydrocolloid dressings were selected for 24 of them. Two of them became worth. Silver sulfadiazine cream was used for 5 ulcers and the results were relatively good. Fifteen of 36 ulcers with black necrosis were treated with hydrocolloid dressings. Two of them became worth. Thirteen ulcers with black necrosis were resected surgically at the beginnings of the treatments. One of them bled and became worth.Only one of eight Stage IV ulcers had yellow necrosis and it was treated with hydrocolloid dressing and result was good. Remaining five ulcers with black necrosis were resected with good results.Conclusions:  The primary choice for treating Stage II pressure ulcers with any type of necrosis is hydrocolloid dressings. We recommend hydrocolloid dressings for Stage III and IV ulcers without local symptoms of infection. Then after providing autolysis, surgical debridement should be done. If the patient is malnourished or is under poor pressure release, silver sulfadiazine cream may be recommended.
Oxygen Hyperbaric Pressure Therapy (OHPT) for Decubitus Ulcers
Authors: Fukai Takao , Nakata Masayuki , Takeda Akira 
Published: January 2005

Aim:  Although oxygen hyperbaric pressure therapy (OHPT) for intractable ulcers is covered by national insurance, few studies have reported its use in the treatment of decubitus ulcers. In this study, we used OHPT as part of conservative treatment, and obtained good results.Methods:  Five inpatients received a 60‐min session of 100% oxygen in a Hyperbaric Oxygen ChamberR(Kawasaki Engineering Co., Kobe, Japan) at 2 ATA for 10 days. The clinical response was evaluated by four parameters, the difference in the area of ulcer wounds before and after treatment, changes in inflammatory responses, state of wound infection, and histological findings.Results:  OHPT was effective in reducing the area of ulcer wounds in four patients. Three patients, in whom blood tests had shown inflammatory responses (increases in WBC and CRP) before treatment, showed improvement. Two patients, in whom wound cultures were positive for MRSA, became negative after treatment. However, the patients varied in granulation tissue proliferation during treatment. The possible mechanisms underlying these changes were, first, improvement of tissue hypoxia by hyperbaric oxygen supply to ischemic tissue, leading to the above‐described reduction in wound area and improvement in inflammatory responses, and second, inhibition of bacterial growth due to an increase in active oxygen species, leading to the disappearance of wound infection.Conclusions:  The results of this study suggest that OHPT is a very useful option in the conservative treatment of decubitus ulcers.