bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Falls With and Without Injuries Among Older Adult Women
Authors: Kwok Wing S. , Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Dolja-Gore Xenia , Byles Julie , Tiedemann Anne , Pinheiro Marina B. , Oliveira Juliana S. , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceFalls and fall-related injuries are common among older adults. Older adults are recommended to undertake 150 to 300 minutes of physical activity per week for health benefits; however, the association between meeting the recommended level of physical activity and falls is unclear.ObjectivesTo examine whether associations exist between leisure-time physical activity and noninjurious and injurious falls in older women.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study used a retrospective analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH). ALSWH participants born from 1946 to 1951 who completed follow-up questionnaires in 2016 (aged 65-70 years) and 2019 (aged 68-73 years) were included. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2022 to February 2023.ExposureSelf-reported weekly amounts (0, 1 to &amp;lt;150, 150 to &amp;lt;300, ≥300 minutes) and types of leisure-time physical activity, including brisk walking and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity, in the 2016 survey.Main outcome and measuresNoninjurious and injurious falls in the previous 12 months reported in the 2019 survey. Associations between leisure-time physical activity and falls were quantified using directed acyclic graph–informed multinomial logistic regression and presented in odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.ResultsThis study included 7139 women (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [1.5] years). Participation in leisure-time physical activity at or above the level recommended by the World Health Organization (150 to &amp;lt;300 min/wk) was associated with reduced odds of noninjurious falls (150 to &amp;lt;300 min/wk: OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59-0.92]; ≥300 min/wk: OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54-0.80]) and injurious falls (150 to &amp;lt;300 min/wk: OR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.56-0.88]; ≥300 min/wk: OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.63-0.93]). Compared with women who reported no leisure-time physical activity, those who reported brisk walking (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.70-0.97]), moderate leisure-time physical activity (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70-0.93]), or moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-0.99]) had reduced odds of noninjurious falls. No statistically significant associations were found between the types of leisure-time physical activity and injurious falls.Conclusions and RelevanceParticipation in leisure-time physical activity at the recommended level or above was associated with lower odds of both noninjurious and injurious falls. Brisk walking and both moderate and moderate-vigorous leisure-time physical activity were associated with lower odds of noninjurious falls.
Automated size‐specific dose estimates framework in thoracic CT using convolutional neural network based on U‐Net model
Authors: Ruenjit Sakultala , Siricharoen Punnarai , Khamwan Kitiwat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to develop an automated method that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) for calculating size‐specific dose estimates (SSDEs) based on the corrected effective diameter (Deffcorr) in thoracic computed tomography (CT).MethodsTransaxial images obtained from 108 adult patients who underwent non‐contrast thoracic CT scans were analyzed. To calculate the Deffcorr according to Mihailidis et al., the average relative electron densities for lung, bone, and other tissues were used to correct the lateral and anterior–posterior dimensions. The CNN architecture based on the U‐Net algorithm was used for automated segmentation of three classes of tissues and the background region to calculate dimensions and Deffcorr values. Then, 108 thoracic CT images and generated segmentation masks were used for network training. The water‐equivalent diameter (Dw) was determined according to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 220. Linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to determine the correlations between SSDEDeffcorr(automated), SSDEDeffcorr(manual), and SSDEDw.ResultsHigh agreement was obtained between the manual and automated methods for calculating the Deffcorr SSDE. The mean values for the SSDEDeffcorr(manual), SSDEDw, and SSDEDeffcorr(automated) were 14.3 ± 2.1 mGy, 14.6 ± 2.2 mGy, and 14.5 ± 2.4 mGy, respectively. The U‐Net model was successfully trained and used to accurately predict SSDEs, with results comparable to manual‐labeling results.ConclusionThe proposed automated framework using a CNN offers a reliable and efficient solution for determining the Deffcorr SSDE in thoracic CT.
Heightened facial muscle reactivity in preadolescent girls with pathological anxiety
Authors: Cruz Joshua R. , Cochran Amy , McFarlin Daniel R. , Williams Lisa E. , Kalin Ned H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesAnticipatory anxiety and heightened responses to uncertainty are central features of anxiety disorders (ADs) that contribute to clinical impairment. Anxiety symptoms typically emerge during childhood, and even subthreshold‐AD symptoms are associated with distress and risk for future psychopathology. This study compared facial emotional response to threat and uncertainty between preadolescent girls with ADs, girls with subthreshold‐AD symptoms, and controls.MethodsFacial emotional responding was characterized in preadolescent girls (age 8–11) with a range of anxiety symptoms: no/low anxiety (controls, n = 41), subthreshold‐AD (n = 73), and DSM‐5 diagnoses of separation, social, and/or generalized ADs (n = 45). A threat anticipation paradigm examined how image valence (negative/neutral) and image anticipation (uncertain/certain timing) impacted activity of the corrugator supercilii, a forehead muscle implicated in the “frown” response that is modulated by emotional stimuli (negative > neutral). Corrugator magnitude and corrugator timecourse were compared between groups.ResultsFindings demonstrate greater corrugator activity during anticipation and viewing of negative stimuli, as well as increased corrugator reactivity in subthreshold‐AD and AD girls. Timecourse analyses of negative versus neutral stimuli revealed that AD and subthreshold‐AD girls had greater uncertainty‐related increases in corrugator activity compared to controls.ConclusionResults extend the physiological characterization of childhood pathological anxiety, highlighting the impact of subthreshold‐AD symptoms.
Parallel accumulation‐serial fragmentation method for in‐depth proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Vu Hung M. , Huh Sunghyun , Lee Jun Hyung , Lee Seung Hyeun , Kim Min‐Sik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeAdvances in mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomic analysis have successfully demonstrated the in‐depth detection of protein biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with lung cancers. Recently, ion mobility technology was incorporated into the mass spectrometers escalating the sensitivity and throughput. Utilizing these advantages, herein, we employed the parallel accumulation–serial fragmentation (PASEF) implanted in a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer to examine the alteration of BALF proteomes in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).Experimental designBALF proteins were processed from patients with NSCLC and analyzed in a timsTOF Pro mass spectrometer with the PASEF method using a peptide input of 100 ng. Label‐free mass spectrometry data were analyzed in the FragPipe platform.ResultsWe quantitated over 1400 proteins from a single injection of 100 ng of peptides per sample with a median of ∼2000 proteins. We were able to find a few potential biomarker proteins upregulated in NSCLC.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe alterations of the BALF proteome landscape vary among patients with NSCLC as previously observed in patients with small‐cell lung cancers. The PASEF method has significantly enhanced the sensitivity and throughput, demonstrating its effectiveness in clinical research and application.
Identification and postnatal developmental characteristics of brown adipose tissue in yak calves
Authors: Fuju Chen , Yutian Zhao , Xiaodong Ling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrown adipose tissue (BAT) provides newborn mammals with a critical capacity for non‐shivering thermogenesis and enables their adaptation to the cold of the extrauterine environment. The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) has evolved on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and has adapted well to extremely cold and hypoxic environments. However, the location, characterization and postnatal development of BAT in yak calves remain largely unknown.MethodsWe identified different types of adipocytes and explored the postnatal development of interscapular and subcutaneous adipose tissue in yak calves at 1, 7 and 30 days old using morphological and molecular biology methods.ResultsThe results show that multilocular and unilocular adipocytes were found in two depots. Multilocular adipocytes contained small lipid droplets packed with numerous mitochondria. However, unilocular adipocytes contained a single unilocular lipid droplet and few mitochondria. The number of multilocular adipocytes significantly decreased, whereas the number of unilocular adipocytes significantly increased from day 1 to 30. Furthermore, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expressions in both multilocular and unilocular adipocytes, as well as UCP1 mRNA and protein expression, were significantly decreased from day 1 to 30. In addition, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha mRNA expression were significantly decreased.ConclusionsThe results of the research indicate that adipocytes in both newborn yak calf interscapular and subcutaneous adipose tissue are multilocular adipocytes. Many multilocular adipocytes were transformed into unilocular adipocytes after birth, but some multilocular adipocytes remained at day 30; this transition occurred at different rates in different depots. These results provide a basis for further study of BAT in yak calves.
Effect of dietary methionine hydroxy analogue‐free acid (MHA‐FA) supplementation levels on growth performance, blood metabolites and immune responses in broiler chickens
Authors: Zarghi Heydar , Ghavi Saeed 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBroiler diets are commonly supplemented by liquid methionine hydroxy analogue‐free acid (MHA‐FA) containing as product with 88% of active substance to meet sulphur amino acid (SAA) requirements.ObjectivesTwo experiments were conducted to assess the effects of different dietary MHA‐FA levels on growth performance, blood metabolites and immune responses in broilers.MethodsIn experiments 1 and 2, 432 and 360 male broilers were fed either a basal corn–soya bean meal diet that met the energy and nutrient requirements with the exception of SAAs or the basal diet supplemented with 5 graded levels of MHA‐FA (+0.9 and +0.8 g/kg), for 1–11 and 11–24‐day ages, respectively. Chicks were vaccinated with inactivated H9N2/Newcastle disease (ND) and live‐ND on days 5 and 11, respectively.ResultsResponses in both experiments had similar tendency at corresponding dietary MHA‐FA levels. By increasing dietary MHA‐FA level, weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), relative breast weight (RBW) and immunity against ND and avian influenza virus inoculation improved with quadratic trend. Blood serum triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentration were affected in response to dietary MHA‐FA levels with quadratic trends. By using broken‐line regression analysis, the optimum dietary MHA‐FA levels for optimized WG, FE and RBW during 1–10‐day age were obtained at 2.20, 3.31 and 3.33 g/kg, respectively; based on MHA‐FA content of Met equivalent, the digestible SAA requirements were estimated 0.81%, 0.91% and 0.92%, respectively. Similarly, for the 11–24‐day age period, the optimum dietary MHA‐FA supplementation levels were obtained 1.79, 2.21, 2.41 and 2.53 g/kg, with the digestible SAA requirements estimated 0.75%, 0.79%, 0.80% and 0.81% for optimized WG, FE, RBW and immune responses, respectively.ConclusionsSupplemental levels of MHA‐FA that optimize performance, breast meat and immunity in broilers fed corn–soya bean meal diet, varied from 0.18% to 0.33%, correspond to age and what traits are considered for optimization.
Characterization of hypoxia-responsive states in ovarian cancer to identify hot tumors and aid adjuvant therapy
Authors: Cao Minghui , Xiao Liwei , Chen Shuo , Huang Jiaming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Backgrounds
The hypoxia-responsive state of cancer is a complex pathophysiological process involving numerous genes playing different roles. Due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and chaotic angiogenesis, the clinical features of hypoxia-responsive states are not yet clear in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods
Based on the RNA expression levels of 14 hypoxic markers, our study screened out hypoxia-related genes and construct a hypoxic score pattern to quantify the hypoxia-responsive states of a single tumor. Combining clinical prognosis, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, the expression level of the immune checkpoint, IC50, and other indicators to evaluate the impact of different hypoxia-responsive states on clinical prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity.

Results
Our study identified a subgroup with an active hypoxia-responsive state and they have a worse clinical prognosis but exhibit higher immunogenicity and higher sensitivity to immunotherapy.

Conclusions
This work revealed that hypoxia-responsive states played an important role in formation of tumor immunogenicity. Evaluating the hypoxia-responsive state will contribute to guiding more effective immunotherapy strategies.
The Influence of Increased CO2 Concentrations on AMOC Interdecadal Variability Under the LGM Background
Authors: Gao Yang , Liu Jian , Wen Qin , Chen Deliang , Sun Weiyi , Ning Liang , Yan Mi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impact of rising CO2 levels on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation's (AMOC) interdecadal variability within the context of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) background climate. Under heightened CO2 concentrations, the AMOC interdecadal variability intensifies dramatically, which is very different from the future warming case that shows a weakening of AMOC interdecadal variability in response to increased CO2 concentration. This unexpected phenomenon primarily results from the extensive retreat of sea ice, which exposes a larger portion of the ocean surface to efficiently feel the heat flux fluctuations from atmospheric processes. These findings underscore the significance of background climate conditions in shaping AMOC responses to increased CO2 and emphasize the necessity of considering these nuances to develop a more accurate understanding of AMOC dynamics in an evolving climate.
Effects of conventional and ionic liquid-based surfactants and sodium tetraborate on interfacial tension of acidic crude oil
Authors: Barari Mohammad , Lashkarbolooki Mostafa , Abedini Reza , Hezave Ali Zeinolabedini 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe application of a new class of surfactants such as ionic liquids (ILs) compared with the conventional surfactants and their interactions with each other concomitant and alkaline under salinities is not well examined based on the best knowledge of the authors. So, the current work focused on the impact of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), 1-dodecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride (C12mim][Cl]), 1-octadecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([C18mim][Cl]) in the presence and absence of alkali namely sodium tetraborate known as borax (Na2B4O7) on the IFT variation while the salinity was changed 0–82,000 ppm (ionic strength of 0–1.4 M). The results showed the positive impact of salinity on the pH reduction and reduced the alkaline effect for pH reduction. Also, the measurements showed that the presence of surfactant reduces the role of alkaline for pH variation as it moved from 9.2 to 6.63 for the solution prepared using SLS and SDBS. The measured IFT values showed that not only alkali has a significant impact as it combined with SLS and SDBS due to a desired synergy between these chemicals, it can reduce the critical micelle concentration (CMC) for the SDBS from 1105 to 852 ppm and much higher for [C12mim][Cl].
Different glaucoma progression rates by age groups in young myopic glaucoma patients
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Lee Dongyoung , Kim Min-Ji , Kim Kyunga , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the age-related glaucoma progression rates in myopic normal tension glaucoma (NTG). In this long-term retrospective cohort (7.2 ± 3.5 years), we grouped patients based on their age at initial presentation: group A (age < 30 years, 60 eyes), group B (30 ≤ age < 40, 66 eyes), and group C (40 ≤ age < 50 years, 63 eyes). We used a linear mixed-effects model to estimate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect width enlargement rates. Group A showed a significantly faster rate of RNFL defect progression (3.01 ± 1.74°/year) than those of groups B and C (2.05 ± 1.55°/year and 2.06 ± 1.29°/year, P = 0.004 and 0.002). The difference was more marked when calculated for the first 10 years of follow-up in group A, B, and C (3.95 ± 2.70°/year, 2.39 ± 1.64°/year, and 1.98 ± 1.31°/year), and between the periods of age < 30 years, 30 ≤ age < 40 years, and 40 ≤ age < 50 years within group A. This is the first evidence of rapid glaucoma progression in the young adulthood and stabilization in older age in myopic NTG. Clinicians should consider the potentially aggressive course of glaucoma, especially in younger patients with myopic NTG, in contrast to the general slow progression in adulthood.
Eocene (50–55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA
Authors: Broz Adrian P. , Pritchard-Peterson Devin , Spinola Diogo , Schneider Sarah , Retallack Gregory , Silva Lucas C. R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (~ 50–55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and mineralogy to reconstruct climate and weathering intensity during early Eocene greenhouse climates. These Eocene warm spikes have been modeled as prequels for ongoing anthropogenic global warming driven by a spike in atmospheric CO2. Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM, ~ 55 Ma) kaolinitic paleosols developed in volcaniclastic conglomerates are evidence of intense weathering (CIA > 98) under warm and wet conditions (mean annual temperature [MAT] of ~ 17 °C  ± 4.4 °C and mean annual precipitation [MAP] of ~ 1500 ± 299 mm). Geologically younger Early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO, 50 Ma) high shrink-swell (Vertisol) paleosols developed in coarse sandstones are also intensely weathered (CIA > 80) with MAT estimates of ~ 20 °C ± 4.4 °C but have lower estimated MAP (~ 1100 ± 299 mm), suggesting a less humid climate for the EECO greenhouse spike than for the earlier PETM greenhouse spike.
How the time of day impacts social media advertising outcomes on consumers
Authors: Noguti Valeria , Waller David S. 
Published: January 2024

PurposeThis research investigates how consumers who are most active on Facebook during the day vs in the evening differ, differ in their ad consumption, and how advertising effects vary as a function of a key moderator: gender.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey of 281 people, the research identifies Facebook users who are more intensely using mobile social media during the day versus in the evening, and measures five Facebook mobile advertising outcomes: brand and product recall, clicking on ads, acting on ads and purchases.FindingsThe results show that women who are using social media more intensely during the day are more likely to use Facebook to seek information, hence, Facebook mobile ads tend to be more effective for these users compared to those in the evening.Research limitations/implicationsThis contributes to the literature by analyzing how the time of day affects social media behavior in relation to mobile advertising effectiveness, and broadening the scope of mobile advertising effectiveness research from other than just clicks on ads to include measures like brand and product recall.Practical implicationsBy analyzing the effectiveness of mobile advertising on social media as a function of the time of day, advertisers can be more targeted in their media buys, and so better use their social media budgets, i.e. advertising is more effective for women who use social media (Facebook) more intensely during the day than for those who use social media more intensely in the evening as the former tend to seek more information than the latter.Social implicationsThis research extends media ecology theory by drawing on circadian rhythm research to provide a first demonstration of how the time of day relates to different uses of mobile social media, which in turn relate to social media mobile advertising consumption.Originality/valueWhile research on social media advertising has been steadily increasing, little has been explored on how users consume ads when they engage with social media at different periods along the day. This paper extends media ecology theory by investigating time of day, drawing on the circadian rhythm literature, and how it relates to social media usage.
Acting on reasons: Synchronic executive control
Authors: Schipper Arthur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is a wide variety of cases of alienation, including (a) when an agent is alienated from her own motivational states and (b) deviant causal cases when an agent's motivational states cause her intended actions but via a deviant causal pathway. Reflecting on the variety of kinds of alienation reveals that action explanation still needs to account for the positive role that agents play in non‐alienated actions in general. To fill this gap, this paper identifies a sui generis but crucial notion of control, what I call “synchronic executive control,” where agents act on their reasons, which must be distinguished from (a) endorsing one's reasons as reasonable or as the reasons for action (from the autonomy literature), and (b) other, diachronic notions of executive control such as competence, skills‐based control, planning‐based control, and counterfactual control generally (from especially the deviant causation literature). The presence of such executive control is crucial for explaining the role of agents in non‐alienated actions, and its absence explains the lack of agency in alienation cases. The result is the identification of a relationship agents have with their reasons which unifies the variety of non‐alienated actions in a novel way.