bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin and collagen in schistosome granulomata
Authors: Al Adnani M. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAffinity purified antibodies to human collagen type I and III and antihuman fibronectin, were employed immuno‐histochemically on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded human tissue containing schistosome granulomata. The distribution of the three connective tissue proteins was studied in 45 biopsies in which there was Schistosoma haematobium (30) and Schistosoma mansoni (15) infestation. The granulomata were divided into early, intermediate and late according to the proportion of inflammatory cell types and the degree of fibrous tissue deposition. Only fibronectin was detected in the early granuloma where macrophages are the main cell type. In the intermediate granuloma both fibronectin and collagen type III were localized along reticulin positive fibres; spindle cells, (presumptive fibroblasts) and macrophages were the cell types present at this stage. Collagen type I was mainly localized in the late granuloma. Hyalinized connective tissue was negative for the three proteins. The loose connective tissue and walls of blood vessels were constantly stained for fibronectin and collagen type III in normal areas distant from granulomata. These results raise the possibility of using localization of fibronectin and collagen as a means to stage the duration of chronic fibrotic diseases.
Lectin binding and steroid receptors in human breast carcinomas
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. , Hawkins R. A. , Miller W. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of breast carcinomas of known steroid receptor status have been examined for evidence of binding of the lectins peanut agglutinin, soy bean agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. Correlations were found between oestrogen receptor status and reactivity of carcinomas to peanut agglutinin and soy bean agglutinin but these were not absolute. Wheat germ agglutinin binding was unrelated to the presence of oestrogen receptors. No relationship was evident between progestogen receptors and the binding of any lectin. It therefore seems unlikely that lectin histochemistry can replace steroid receptors as markers of hormone dependence in breast carcinomas.
Fine structural changes in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and asbestosis
Authors: Corrin B. , Dewar A. , Rodriguez‐Roisin R. , Turner‐Warwick M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLung biopsies from 17 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis of a cellular rather than fibrotic pattern were examined by transmission electron microscopy in the hope that such cases would show features of pathogenetic significance. Further selection was made by choosing minimally affected areas. There was no ultrastructural evidence of immune complex deposition but alveolar epithelial and capillary damage was frequently found (17 and 14 of the 17 cases respectively). Alveolar epithelial injury consisted of patchy necrosis and regenerative hyperplasia. Alveolar capillary injury consisted of cytoplasmic swelling and basement membrane thickening and reduplication. Many of these features have not been emphasized in previous reports and their prominence in early stages of the disease suggest that they may have pathogenetic significance, possible mechanisms of which are discussed. Similar findings identified during the course of this study in 8 asbestos workers suggest that similar pathogenetic mechanisms may operate in asbestosis.
Morphometric analysis of gastric dysplasia
Authors: Jarvis L. R. , Whitehead R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe grading of gastric epithelial dysplasia has been studied by means of computer aided morphometry. Measurements of histological features were made on segments of epithelium from 38 selected cases of dysplasia graded by subjective assessment. The measurements were statistically compared with the subjective scores using discriminant analysis. The measurements were found to provide significant discrimination between all groups. Nuclear size proved to be the main discriminating variable. Prediction of the likely group membership of individual cases was possible using classification equations derived from the discriminant analysis. Classification of the original data set revealed prediction errors which suggested a bias against diagnosis of dysplasia. As a result of this study reliable, repeatable and objective gradings of gastric epithelial dysplasia can be obtained by inexperienced persons with an accuracy approaching that of a skilled pathologist.
An immunohistological study of giant‐cell tumour of bone: Evidence for an osteoclast origin of the giant cells
Authors: Athanasou N. A. , Bliss E. , Gatter K. C. , Heryet A. , Woods C. G. , McGee J. O'D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a panel of monoclonal antibodies against a variety of lymphoid and non‐lymphoid antigens the immuno‐histological staining pattern of giant cells from a case of giant‐cell tumour of bone has been compared with that of osteoclasts from the developing ends of fetal long bones. Only EBM‐11, an antibody reacting with a wide spectrum of macrophages, stained both osteoclasts and giant cells; stromal cells and osteoblasts did not react. This indicates that osteoclasts and giant cells are phenotypically and presumably functionally similar. It is argued that the osteoclasts and the tumour‐derived giant cells in bone are derived from a similar mononuclear precursor.
The use of the lectin Ulex europeus to study epithelial cell differentiation in neoplastic and non‐neoplastic oral white lesions
Authors: Prime Stephen S. , Rosser Tracy J. , Malamos Dimitris , Shepherd Jonathan P. , Scully Crispian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUlex europeus (Ulex 1) has been used to study the expression of cell surface α‐L‐fucose on oral epithelial cells of normal human mucosa, white lesions and carcinomas. In normal tissue and in 11 of 12 specimens of non‐specific keratoses (leukoplakia), Ulex 1 stained epithelial spinous cells only. In 16 specimens of oral lichen planus, Ulex 1 labelled spinous epithelial cells, and in 12 there was also staining of the basal epithelial cells. Two specimens of white sponge naevus showed a total absence of epithelial staining with Ulex 1. Squamous carcinomas showed a loss of staining in the invading epithelial islands in six of eight specimens, but normal labelling of the surfaces of spinous cells at sites distant from the areas of epithelial invasion. When the severity of epithelial dysplasia, as assessed by the index of epithelial atypia, was compared with the pattern of staining of Ulex 1 in normal mucosa and white lesions there was no correlation. The results show that failure of Ulex 1 to stain cell surface carbohydrates may not be attributable to malignant transformation. The staining of cells not normally stained may be related to hitherto masked residues revealed by cell damage or altered differentiation.
Histological changes associated with ageing of the human carotid body
Authors: Hurst Gerard , Heath Donald , Smith Paul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA qualitative and quantitative histological study was made of the carotid bodies obtained at necropsy from 47 subjects ranging in age from 14 to 100 years. With increasing age there is a loss of more than a third of the amount of glomic tissue with a diminution in the size of the lobules. In young people the basic histological pattern of clusters, composed of cores of chief cells with surrounding rims of sustentacular cells, has commonly superimposed on it prominence of the dark variant of chief cells. In middle‐aged subjects there is proliferation of sustentacular cells which appear to merge imperceptibly into fibrosis of the lobules and becomes associated with diffuse or focal infiltrates of lymphocytes.
Ultrastructural pathology of experimental ebola haemorrhagic fever virus infection
Authors: Baskerville A. , Fisher‐Hoch S. P. , Neild G. H. , Dowsett A. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe organs of monkeys infected with Ebola haemorrhagic fever were examined by light and electron microscopy during the acute stage of the disease. The virus caused focal coagulative necrosis in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung and testis and widespread mild vascular damage. In the brain there was intense congestion, with erythrocyte ‘sludging’, but no inflammatory reaction. There was significant injury to the microvasculature in all organs. Virus replicated in endothelial cytoplasm causing focal necrosis, separation of tight junctions and detachment from basement membranes. These changes were associated with oedema and haemorrhage, but though contributing to the hypovolaemic shock were not sufficiently extensive to account for the severity of vascular collapse. Renal involvement was also clinically important. Some renal cellular injury was caused by direct virus invasion ofglomerular endothelium and tubular epithelium, but much tubular damage was probably due to ischaemia resulting from thrombosis in the peritubular capillaries. The virus also replicated in lymphocytes and monocytes and in interstitial cells of the testis. Since particles were not found in seminiferous epithelium, the degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes was probably secondary to ischaemia.
Primary small intestinal lymphoma: A study of 39 cases
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Holgate C. S. , Dixon M. F. , Bird C. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThirty‐nine cases of primary small intestinal lymphoma were studied by morphological and immunohistochemical methods. The adjacent uninvolved mucosa was also examined for features suggestive of coeliac disease. Employing the immunogold silver staining (IGSS) technique and polyclonal primary antisera against α‐l‐antitrypsin, lysozyme and κ and λ light chains, 29 cases (74·5 per cent) were found to be B‐cell lymphomas, seven (18 per cent) histiocytic tumours, one (2·5 per cent) Hodgkin's disease and two (5 per cent) remained unclassified. No specific lymphoma subtype was found to be associated with cases having the histological features of coeliac disease in the uninvolved adjacent mucosa. In 35 cases sufficient clinical information was available to assess the significance of histological type and stage in relation to survival. Although the histological type did not correlate with survival, stage did and tumours extending beyond the local lymph nodes were associated with a significantly worse prognosis.
Gastrin releasing peptide in human neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Bostwick David G. , Bensch Klaus G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumours of the lung and gut are known to possess bombesin‐like immunoreactivity. The recent observation that gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), a 27 amino acid peptide isolated from the porcine intestine, may be the mammalian analogue of bombesin led us to look for this peptide in a variety of human neoplasms. Formalinfixed tissues from 85 tumours were examined by the immunoperoxidase technique, using specific antisera to the GRP molecule (1–27) and the GRP fragment (1–16). Intense cytoplasmic GRP immunoreactivity was seen in thyroid medullary carcinomas (3/3), carcinoids of lung, pancreas, and intestine (22/36), and paragangliomas (2/3). Less frequent staining was present in pulmonary small cell (oat cell) carcinomas (1/8) and pituitary adenomas (1/6). Complete absence of immunoreactivity was observed in three phaeochromocytomas, five Merkel cell tumours, six neuroblastomas and 15 non‐neuroendocrine tumours. Normal neuroendocrine cells of the thyroid (C‐cells) and bronchial mucosa (Kulchitsky cells) exhibited GRP immunoreactivity; nerve fibres from all sites failed to demonstrate staining for GRP. In each positive case, the pattern of staining for GRP (1–27) and GRP (1–16) was identical, although the GRP (1–16) immunostaining was weaker. These findings indicate that bombesin immunoreactivity in human neuroendocrine cells and tumours is attributable to GRP‐like molecules and that GRP is a useful marker of neuroendocrine differentiation in many tumours.
Pulmonary blastoma, carcinosarcoma and spindle‐cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study of keratin intermediate filaments
Authors: Addis Bruce J. , Corrin Bryan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have examined 18 primary malignant lung tumours categorized as either carcinosarcoma, blastema or spindle‐cell carcinoma according to accepted criteria. Two monoclonal antibodies to keratins, CAM 5.2 and LP 34, were used to determine whether the non‐epithelial or spindle‐cell components of each tumour showed evidence of keratin expression. By this means the epithelial nature of the five tumours classified as spindle‐cell carcinomas was confirmed. In all four pulmonary blastomas and in five of nine carcinosarcomas, the sarcomatous elements failed to stain for keratin but in the remaining four carcinosarcomas there was focal staining. The histogenesis of these tumours is discussed and it is suggested that the sarcomatous component of a carcinosarcoma may be derived from malignant epithelial cells by a process of mesenchymal metaplasia with a switch in intermediate filament type. It remains uncertain whether blastomas are derived from both endoderm and mesoderm, or from either one of these tissues, with one component representing complete metaplastic transformation.
Effects of ageing on the alveolar pores of Kohn and on the cytoplasmic components of alveolar type II cells in monkey lungs
Authors: Shimura Sanae , Boatman Edwin S. , Martin C. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of ageing on the numbers of alveolar pores of Kohn and on the cytoplasmic components of alveolar type II cells were studied in monkey lungs by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Lung tissue from 26 female and three male pigtail macaques whose ages ranged from 1 month to 31 years (life span is 35 years) was analysed. From the age of 1 month to 10 years there was a significant increase in the number of alveolar pores (r = 0·85, p < 0·001); however, between the ages of 14 years to 31 years there was no significant change. In seven animals ranging in age from 1 month to 4 years (mean 2·4 years) the number of pores was 5·8 ± 3·9 (mean · S.D.), whereas in 10 animals aged 16 to 31 years (mean 20·3 years) the number of pores was 32·7 ± 17·5 (mean ± S.D.) per alveolar profile, a significant difference (p < 0·002). In older animals (15–20 years) there was a significant decrease, both in the number of lamellar bodies per alveolar type II cell (p < 0·01) and in the volume density of lamellar bodies to cytoplasmic volume (p < 0·05) compared with young animals (1 month to 4·8 years). In older animals, there was also a significant increase in the volume density of a vacuole‐like dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum in alveolar type II cells (p < 0·05) compared with young animals. These findings suggest impaired pulmonary surfactant production with aging. Both the increased number of alveolar pores and the postulated decrease of surfactant production could play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema.
Epithelial antigens in malignant mixed Müllerian tumours of endometrium
Authors: Ramadan M. , Goudie R. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImmunohistochemical staining of formalin fixed paraffin sections with the mouse monoclonal antibodies E29 and CAM 5·2 effectively distinguish epithelium (antigen positive) from stroma (antigen negative) in normal endometrium. These antibodies were used as epithelial markers in the study of eight malignant mixed Müllerian tumours (MMT) of endometrium and gave normal reactions with well differentiated neoplastic glands; in contrast, negative or very weak staining was observed in poorly differentiated epithelial cells, present in large numbers in three cases. Abnormal antigen‐containing cells were observed in the stroma of seven MMT. In some cases these are probably due to stromal invasion by malignant epithelium but in others they may represent an early stage of epithelial differentiation in mesenchymal cells of the malignant stroma.
Electron microscopic localization of cell‐surface markers in tissue sections using monoclonal and gold‐conjugated antibodies
Authors: Rooney N. , Day C. , Gray T. , Underwood J. C. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a method for the ultrastructural localization of surface markers on cells in intact tissue sections. Using a primary monoclonal antibody to a surface marker followed by a second stage gold‐labelled antibody, surface antigens can be specifically localized. This enables cellular interactions to be studied in solid tissues.
Rheumatoid‐ and osteo‐arthritis: Quantitation of ultrastructural features of capillary endothelial cells
Authors: Sattar A. , Kumar P. , Kumar S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractJoint tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (3), osteoarthritis (3) and normal healthy individuals (2) were examined in the transmission electron microscope and the morphological features of capillaries within 2 mm of the synovial membrane were quantified. Weibel‐Palade bodies (WPB) were significantly increased in capillary endothelial cells in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis compared with normal controls, when quantified by three different methods. WPB were positively correlated with both projections of the luminal plasmalemma and pinocytic vesicles in normal joint and some patients with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Pinocytic vesicles and projections were also positively correlated.
Evidence that multinucleate giant cells are examples of mononuclear phagocytic differentiation
Authors: Papadmitriou John M. , Van Bruggen Ivonne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMurine multinucleate giant cells and mononuclear phagocytes were examined with various quantitative cytochemical and autoradiographic techniques. No evidence was found that multinucleate giant cells were metabolically effete, in fact they compared favourably with mononuclear phagocytes. In addition, rat multinucleate giant cells consistently expressed surface Ia antigens and to a lesser degree fibronectin. It is suggested that multinucleate giant cells are a differentiated derivative of the mononuclear phagocytic system.
An experimental study on the pathogenesis of acute haemorrhagic enteropathy—significance of congestion and endotoxaemia
Authors: Shibayama Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo clarify the pathogenesis of acute haemorrhagic enteropathy, the present study was undertaken using the ileum of rats. The ligation of marginal veins of the ileum or the injection of endotoxin to the intact rats induced only slight mucosal haemorrhage. On the other hand, the injection of endotoxin into rats with ligation of the marginal veins led to severe mucosal haemorrhage. The severe mucosal haemorrage was markedly inhibited by suppression of the production of bradykinin. These experimental results suggest that some cases of acute haemorrhagic enteropathy may be induced by the co‐existence of endotoxaemia and congestion of the intestine. Thus, the mechanism of severe mucosal haemorrhage may be as follows: bradykinin, induced by endotoxin, acts to dilate capillaries and small veins in the mucosa and markedly increases their permeability.
The validity of negative necropsy reports for metastases in solid organs
Authors: Weiss L. , Harlos J. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis communication concerns the statistical significance of negative reports, when solid organs are examined for metastases deep to their surfaces, by standard slicing techniques at necropsy. By taking into account factors influencing tumour detection including slice thickness, metastatic tumour size and number, the probabilities of incidence of false negative reports may be calculated and values for the undetected tumour bulk may be obtained. A graph is reproduced which facilitates the assessment.
Adenomatoid tumours: An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural appraisal of their htstogenests
Authors: Stephnson Timothy J. , Mills Patricia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histogenesis of adenomatoid tumour has continued to provoke debate since Golden and Ash suggested the term in 1945 for all characteristic benign neoplasm typically found in the uterus, fallopian tube or epidiymis. Hndothelial, epithelial, mesonephric, müllerin and mesothelia histogenesis have been suggested. The balance of evidence suggests mesothclial derivation, but two rcecent studies point to endothelial origin for at least some of these tumours, Twenty‐two histologically typical adenomatoid tumours were studied by electron microscopy, mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructurally, all cases showed vacuolated cells bearing long bushy microvilli and the features were not those of endothelial cells. Glandular spaces contained acid mucopolyscharide consistent with hyaluronic acid. Immunohistochemical double labelling techniques showed the cells lining such spaces to contain cytokeratin in the absence of factor VIII related antigen and receptors for Ulex europapeus I leetin which were expressed in the endothelium of tumour blood vessels. The evidence points !o mesothelial histogenesis in all cases examined.
Puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy: Ultrastructure, glomerular polyanion, and cell surface markers
Authors: Rossmann P. , Bukovský A. , Matoušovic K. , Holub M. , Král J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPuromycin aminonucleosidc nephropathy with heavy proteinuria and oedema was induced in rats by 10 consecutive daily subcutaneous injections of aminonucleoside (1.67 mg/100 g of body weight). The main ultrastructural lesions were vacuolation of podocytes and total fusion of foot processes with loss of colloidal iron‐reactive polyanion layer on the epithelial surface adjacent to the basement membrane. On the other hand the outer surface of podocytes and intravacuolar granular substance stained with colloidal iron. In scanning electron microscopy of freeze‐fractured tissue the swollen podocytes and the urinary spaces displayed granular and filamentous precipitates. Seven cell surface antigens were examined by indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry with a series of MRC OX monoclonal antibodies. Glomeruli of control rats exhibited rare isolated la‐positive endocapillary cells, possibly monocytes; these elements were significantly reduced in puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy but there was an increase in la‐positive cells in Ihe cortical interstitium Control kidneys harboured scanty interstitial T lymphocytes. These latter, especially the T8‐positive cytotoxic/suppressor subpopulation, were markedly augmented in puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy. The expression of class I histocompatibility antigens and of differentiation antigens (Thy I) was not altered by aminonucleosidc.
Collagenous colitis: A disease of pericryptal fibroblast sheath?
Authors: Hwang W. S. , Kelly J. K. , Shaffer E. A. , Hershfield N. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMucosal biopsies from four women with collagenous colitis and ten controls were studied. By light microscopy the cells of the pericryptal fibroblast sheath appeared diminished in number but increased in size in collagenous colitis. Electron optically in the controls the pericryptal fibroblasts were in intimate contact with the epithelial basal lamina in the crypts. On the free surface the fibroblasts maintained contact with the epithelial cells by attenuated cell processes. In collagenous colitis, in the middle and upper thirds of the crypts the fibroblasts sheath was separated from the epithelium and the fibroblasts assumed the characteristics of myofibroblasts. The separation was accentuated towards the mouths of the crypts. Beneath the surface epithelium the attenuated fibroblast cell processes seen in normal colon were grossly deficient. The basal lamina was also deficient focally and the surface epithelial cells were resting directly on a thickened collagen table. In collagenous colitis the excess collagen appeared to be secreted by the activated myofibroblasts of the pericryptal sheath.