bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction And Chronology
Authors: Kildea Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Britten’s final opera, Death in Venice (1973), opens with the fraught character of Aschenbach, a distinguished novelist, deliberating on his creative block: ‘My mind beats on and no words come’. Having reached a point in life when the creative ideas that had supported Aschenbach no longer did so, art and intellect, long united in his work, break apart. Although comparisons have frequently been made between Aschenbach and Britten, on this one point they are opposites, for in this final period of Britten’s life his intellect and his music overlap-not with the didactic urgency of his early years, but with a lucid introspection brought on by fame, withdrawal, and eventual sickness. He continued in his role as artistic conscience to a corrupted society, but in his music, not his words. Owen Wingrave (1970), Children’s Crusade (1969) and (less obviously) Who are these Children? (1969), each picks up the mantle of the IM!r Requiem to warn against the horrors and moral turpitude of war. The mantle is not simply this pacifist theme, either: ambiguity, one of Britten’s favourite dramatic devices, is exchanged (on some levels) for clarity and certainty, as it had been in the IM!r Requiem. Each of these pieces is recognizably Britten’s, yet the layers of narrative and musical ambiguity so favoured by him in his dramatic works from 1945 onwards, are less important here than getting the message across. Even Death in Venice operates as a plea for tolerance and understanding of the creative mind, if not for the hidden sexuality that mind might harbour.
Sir Arthur Bliss At 75 (1966)
Authors: Kildea Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When one is very young, tales of one’s elders’ youthful exploits set one’s sympathy strongly vibrating ... ‘so they know too what it is to be young and frustrated’. In my boyhood you, Arthur, twenty years older than myself, were the avant-gardist of Rout and Conversations and daring (possibly apocryphal) Parisian exploits. You were almost a myth.When one is very young no one is growing older, least of all oneself: time may pass, but we stand still. For me the zestful avant-gardist of Madame Noy still peeps out of the silvery halo of today. Happy you, who can preserve youthful exuberance without youthful immaturity!So today’s young will perhaps find it difficult to equate The Master of the Queen’s Musick with the avant garde of 1920. If they are not blind they will make a note that Youth’s the Season made for Joys-not for Responsibility. At twenty-five or so the Plateau of Responsibility comes into sight, and once on it, we are there for good.You, Arthur, have given us fifty years of active responsibility. Few of your juniors have not been helped directly or indirectly by your practical benevolence. British music, and music in general, has profited by your experience and wisdom-on the BBC, the British Council and the PRS, to name only a few. And we do not forget your compositions, which so many choral and orchestral societies, singers and chamber groups (often starved of playable new works) continue to enjoy.
Volume IV: Paisley-York
Authors: Ker N R , Piper A J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present volume completes the cataloguing of manuscripts. This impressive undertaking will be concluded with one further volume, which will contain addenda and extensive indexes to all the volumes. `a remarkable achievement of scholarship...The descriptions of the manuscripts are full and at the same time admirably concise...Any user of the work, whether his interests are palaeographical, iconographical, or textual, will be deeply grateful for the wealth of information contained in this volume'. Review of English Studies `will be invaluable not only for reference but for the comprehensive and immensely precise assurance that it will give to scholars in every field of medieval studies that nothing relevant to their purposes now lurks in unrecorded concealment'. English Historical Review
Paisley. Renfrew District Museum and Art Gallery
Authors: Ker N R , Piper A J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Feasts in red include Terrenanus (12 June), Dedicatio ecclesie de abberbuthnot (3 Aug.), and obit of David Arbuthnot of that ilk (8 Oct.) 1470. The calendar is nearly the same as that of the Arbuthnott Missal, see next description, but a little less full and ungraded. Apart from Clare, an addition, the only saint here but not in the Missal is Macharius (12 Nov.) ‘duplex festum’ both the Missal and the Hours, see below, have Maurice at this date.
Rossetti and Male Desire
Authors: Bullen J B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The 1860s Rossetti painted a series of half-length figures described by William Michael Rossetti as ‘female heads with floral attributes ‘.They were not seen publicly until just after Rossetti ‘s death in 1882, but, from the first, they appeared to be a combination of beauty and neurosis. Sidney Colvin was typical when he said that Rossetti had ‘become a slave to his own predilections ‘, and that having found ‘a particular cast of beauty ‘ which he ‘repeats again and again ‘, he had created ‘a series of mystic and symbolic ... fanciful female incarnations ‘.1 I want to suggest that the repetitive nature of these pictures is symptomatic of a particular kind of anxiety in Rossetti, one which finds expression elsewhere in the poetry and in particular in his dramatic monologue ‘A Last Confession ‘. Taken together the poetry and the painting represent a species of ‘confessional ‘ which, like ‘Jenny ‘, problematizes certain aspects of the male libidinal drive.
Payments and Face Values: Edith Wharton’s A Son at the Front
Authors: Condé Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All war novels must cope to a certain extent with the notion of payment: is war worth it? Ernest Hemingway’s novel Fiesta (or The Sun Also Rises, 1927), a novel about the effects of the First World War, chronicles the narrator’s gradual despairing abandonment of the concept of fair payment for anything. This is only an extreme example of the disillusionment and dissatisfaction expressed in American First World War fiction that had been exacerbated by America’s late entry into the war, itself the subject of intensive and misleading propaganda. This late entry had forced into foreign armies young writers anxious to buy their fictional material at a fair price: Hemingway enlisted as an ambulance-driver on the Italian front, Cummings and Dos Passos as ambulance-drivers on the French front, and Faulkner as a cadet in the Royal Canadian Air Force.
The Dissidence of Vernon Lee: Satan the Waster and the Will to Believe
Authors: Beer Gillian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Vernon Lee (Violet Paget) is cited most often now as the thinker who brought the concept ‘empathy’ into Anglo-Saxon understanding. This is a rather odd fate for the irascible, outspoken, brilliantly critical Lee, whose political non-conformity and lesbian sexuality set her at odds with British society. Yet it has a certain justice when applied to her writing which, alongside its sunny evocation of place and incident, also stirs ‘the needs and impulses, the uncatalogued passions not manifested directly in outer behaviour to our neighbours, and which, if guessed at by those neighbours, are guessed only in so far as already familiar to them in their own hidden selves.’ Vernon Lee had a very long writing career and she made full use of the time. Her books date from 1880 to 1932. They range across philosophy, fiction, evocations of place, musical theory and reception, moral and immoral essays, ghost stories, aesthetics, and feminist argument. A recurrent theme is the persistence and the dangers of the will-to-believe. Her writing career before the First World War was very successful, though she was never afraid of controversy as her early novel Miss Brown (1884) demonstrates as clearly as her ambitious critique of contrasted intellectual movements Vital Lies (1912).
‘Still some obstinate emotion remains’: Radclyffe Hall and the Meanings of Service
Authors: Buck Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘As a woman, I have no country. As a woman I want no country. As a woman my country is the whole world,’ writes Virginia Woolf in Three Guineas (1938), her exploration of the relationship of militarism and masculinity. Woolf’s rejection of patriotic identification is assigned to ‘the outsider’, her figure for resistance to the ‘tyranny of the patriarchal state’ (160) and its corollary militarism. The Society of Outsiders which Woolf then proposes in Three Guineas stands as an influential model for a feminist politics based on marginality. Emerging out of an analysis of women’s exclusion from the institutions of power, her formulation reinterprets the terms and effects of that exclusion as a source of critical and political strength.
Mary Butts, Mothers, and War
Authors: Hamer Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What kind of woman calls her own red hair scarlet? One who was not shy of the limelight, by all accounts. Asking us to look at her, even before she invites us to look with her, to join her in thinking again about the question of women, the voice of Mary Butts echoes imperiously still today. A brilliant, even ferocious intelligence, a demanding voice: there are no anodyne terms to present her in. And if you look to find her among her friends, you will not find them organizing to work together for the vote or exploring the extended options opened to women by the war. It is in the memories of men that the sense of her as a person survived, a big eager lawless redhead, on the lookout for excitement and parties. ‘Paris was a dream. We didn’t go to bed for a week and spent all our money on such binges! The last thing I remember was dancing solely supporting myself by the lobes of Cedric Morris’ ears,’ she wrote to Douglas Goldring. She is the hardest figure to recruit for any cause. In her own person she throws the regular terms of enquiry into disarray. Mary Butts was a woman who hated her own mother and though she gave birth to a daughter, Camilla, did not bring the child up herself. No one could say she was not a difficult woman, in almost any sense you care to name. When Patrick Wright brought her writing back to public attention in 1985, it was primarily to expose its enthusiastic rhetoric of blood and race.
The Modern Literary Market
Authors: Baldick Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With levels of literacy in this period reaching about 80 per cent, England boasted a potential ‘reading public’ of about twenty million adults. What these millions read, for the most part, were newspapers and magazines. Mass-circulation daily papers like the Daily Mail, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, and Daily Herald; Sunday papers such as the News of the World; and influential local papers such as the London Evening Standard provided the most regular and most formative relationship between the majority of the population and the written word. Almost everything else that was written, and most of what was read in this period, was in some way shaped by the overwhelming commercial and cultural dominance of these publications. Few novelists or poets could make a living without engaging in some form of journalism, and fewer still could reach a significant readership unless their works were commended by the reviewers, at least in the more respectable papers.
Modern Authorship
Authors: Baldick Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a magazine article in 1911, H. G. Wells, the son of humble shop- keepers but now a successful journalist and novelist, declared that The literary life is one of the modern forms of adventure. Success with a book, even such a commercially modest success as mine has been, means in the English-speaking world not merely a moderate financial independence, but the utmost freedom of movement and intercourse. One is lifted out of one’s narrow circumstances into familiar and unrestrained inter- course with a great variety of people. One sees the world.
Modern Romance, Fable, and Historical Fiction
Authors: Baldick Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous three chapters, developments in the art of the novel have been presented according to a commonly accepted division between fictions of social or ‘external’ action, mostly realistic in method, and fictions of psychological inwardness, some of them experimental in narrative structure and perspective. As we have noted, there are oversights and distortions involved in such a partition of prose fiction into two distinct continents marked on our map as ‘realism’ and‘modernism’. One of these problems may be clarified by remarking that the opposite of realism is not modern- ism; it is, as it has been for centuries, romance, or fantasy, or fable.
England and the English
Authors: Baldick Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The English had lived for centuries under foreign kings and queens, and since 1714 under the German house of Hanover. Then something remarkable happened in July 1917. Amid rising anti-German war hysteria that now threw suspicion upon the monarchy itself, King George V was persuaded to change his Teutonic name (Saxe- Coburg and Gotha) and renounce his numerous German titles. The new name chosen for the royal dynasty, after alternatives including ‘York’, ‘Lancaster’, ‘Plantagenet’, and even ‘England’ had been rejected, was ‘Windsor’, after the quiet Berkshire town and its castle, favoured as a residence by Queen Victoria. Under the pressure of German military might, the British Empire suddenly found itself with a self-consciously ‘English’ monarchy, its Englishness brandished in the form of a southern rural place name.
General Introduction
Authors: Garside Peter , Raven James , Schöwerling Rainer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What was a novel in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? Did popular novels address a broad range of topics and plots and characterizations or were they generally confined to domestic, sedentary themes? Were there as many historical as contemporary settings, as many novels in letters as in continuous narrative? How many were based on real events? Who wrote them? Who published and sold them? How expensive were they? What was their appeal and popularity? How were they reviewed? These and other questions are the starting point for this bibliography.
Poetic Originality in The Wars of Alexander
Authors: Dronke Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The title I have chosen may sound paradoxical. Can one really speak of the originality of a poetic text that is a translation and for much of the time a close translation-of a Latin prose source? This Latin source, moreover-a variant, from around I200, of the Alexander Romance that Leo of Naples had trans lated around 960-is not one of the more compelling Alexan der narratives that we possess: it is a compilation which is neither coherently shaped nor attractively written.
The Literal World of the English Della Cruscans
Authors: Mcgann Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not many remember that the eighteenth century had a literary fin de siecle. It was called the Della Cruscan movement. Of course no one now takes this body of work seriously, and its readers are rare. The received judgement—that it’s trash—comes to us as naturally as the leaves to the tree. Nor do many now recall the immense notoriety the Della Cruscans quickly gained after their initial appearance in the 1780s. William Gifford, the movement’s first public enemy, launched his (once celebrated) attack in 1791 because Della Cruscan writing was so successful; becoming what Gifford called an ‘epidemic malady ... spreading from fool to fool’ (‘introduction’ to The Baviad, xii).
Waking from Adam’s Dream: L.E.L.’s Art of Disillusion
Authors: Mcgann Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like Poe in America, Laetitia Elizabeth Landon can scarcely be understood apart from a distinctive and shared literary context. Both writers established their reputations in the world of the 1820s and 1830s, that is to say, in a period when the institutions of literary production were undergoing drastic changes. We date the changes—for both countries—from two signal events: the founding of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine in 1817, and the publication of the Forget Me Not in 1823. These two works inaugurated an important shift in the way writing, especially poetry, essay, and short fiction, would be carried out for the rest of the century.
The Last of England?
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
English Literature in the 1960s soon threw off its post-war weariness and the tepid influences of the previous decade. New voices, new visions, and new commitments profoundly reshaped writing during the 60s, and throughout the rest of the century. Drama thrived on its rapidly rebuilt foundations. New freedoms of style and form revitalised fiction. Poetry, too, gradually recovered the variety and inventiveness of earlier years. As well as comprehensively charting these changes in the literary field, Randall Stevenson persuasively pinpoints their origins in the historical, social, and intellectual pressures of the times. Literary developments are revealingly related to the wider evolution and profound changes in English experience in the late twentieth-century to shadows of war and loss of empire; declining influences of class; shifting relations between the genders; emergent minority and counter-cultures; and the broadening democratization of contemporary life in general. Analyses of the rise of literary theory, of publishing and the book trade, and of the pervasive influences of modernism and postmodernism contribute further to an impressively thorough, insightful description of writing in the later twentieth-century a literary period Stevenson shows to be far more imaginative and exciting than has yet been recognised. Lucid, accessible, and engaging, this volume of the Oxford English Literary History presents a unique illumination of its age—one we have lived through, but are only just beginning to understand. The first full account of its period, it will set the agenda for discussion of late twentieth-century literature for many years to come.
A Postmodern Age? Literature, Ideas, and Traditions
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The End of the Modern ‘What was Modernism?’, Harry Levin enquired, in the title of a lecture published in August 1960. As a literary movement, he went on to suggest, it had given way sometime earlier to ‘what has been categorized … as the Post-Modern Period’ (Refractions, p. 277). ‘What was Postmodernism?’ was the title John Flow chose for a critical essay published towards the end of the century, in 1997.
To the Crossroads: Style and Society in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘A veil, a thick curtain, had fallen between “now” and “before the war” ’, Anthony Powell records in The Soldier’s Art (1966, ch. 2). Many authors in the period tried to lift this veil from the past, tracing the features and stresses of recent history in the form and vision of their fiction. Longer-term moral and historical implications of the war are described in Chapters 16 and 17. In the years just after 1945, there was a more immediate need to lift the curtain separating ‘now’ and ‘before’—to reconnect individual life with a broader history, and to re-establish a sense of continuity in each.
Longer Shadows and Darkness Risible: The 1970s to 2000
Authors: Stevenson Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Second World War’s ‘ineluctable shadow’ remained strongly evident in the moral vision of late twentieth-century English fiction, but it also shaped its imagination in other ways. Throughout the period, the war functioned as an ineluctable marker—a kind of gnomon—casting a shadow sharply across memory, history, and the dimension of time itself. Earlier in the century, modernist writers such as D.
In the Canon’s Mouth: Tony Harrison and Twentieth-Century Poetry
Authors: Forbes Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has been surprisingly little discussion of Tony Harrison’s poetics, as opposed to his subject-matter. The cross ing of his classical education with his background has mes merized many into thinking that’s all there is to it. Douglas Dunn, a poet with whom Harrison has occasionally been linked to form a notional school (tagged ‘Barbarians’ after Dunn’s book of the name, or ‘Rhubarbarians’, after Harrison’s poem), has briefly considered Harrison’s poetry on several occasions.
Goodbye to All That?
Authors: Fenton James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first paragraph of Dryden’s Essay of Dramatic Poesie records the great imperial moment in what the English call the Second Dutch War, and what the Dutch call the Second English War. A naval battle is taking place off Lowestoft, more than a hundred miles from London, but the sound carries as far as the capital. Dryden recalls:
Auden on Shakespeare’s Sonnets
Authors: Fenton James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Auden’s engagement with Shakespeare produced the most wonderful and surprising results, both in prose and in verse, it is not to be supposed that, during his lifetime, he was always listened to on the subject with sympathy or even respect. Throughout his adult life, Auden enjoyed celebrity as a poet, but that celebrity did not automatically entitle him to assume the august mantle of critic and teacher. Here he is, glimpsed through the memoir of Charles H. MilJer, at Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1941: When he got to Shakespeare, he drew blackboard diagrams to show that Othello was stupid and that Iago was the most honest character in the play. I wasn’t the only student to be put off, or let down, by his seeming flippancy towards Shakespeare; few of us had known so unorthodox a teacher, and none of us had known such a presence with such methods.
Auden in the End
Authors: Fenton James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Art is born of humiliation’, said the young Auden to the young hopeful Spender. And we saw in Chapter 10 how he continued to believe this. He thought of the Sonnets as a private record of Shakespeare’s humiliation at the hands of both the young man and the Dark Lady, for the sonnets addressed to her are ‘concerned with that most humiliating of all erotic experiences, sexual infatuation’. ‘Simple lust’, said Auden, is impersonal, that is to say the pursuer regards himself as a person but the object of his pursuit as a thing, to whose personal qualities, if she has any, he is indifferent, and, if he succeeds, he expects to be able to make a safe getaway as soon as he becomes bored.
Searching for First Folios
Authors: West Anthony James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This first chapter tells the story of the search undertaken for the new Census. It has several purposes: first, to describe the extent of the search and thus enable the reader to assess the likelihood of any First Folios escaping inclusion; second, to document the trails followed and the tools and methods used, and thus help anyone inclined to continue the search to benefit from my experience and to decide where to focus effort; and third, to express the intrinsic pleasure that accompanies the activity of seeking, and occasionally finding, treasure trove-particularly when clues, detective work, and some sleuthing are involved.
The Number and Distribution of First Folios Worldwide: 1902 and 2000
Authors: West Anthony James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 approached the history of the First Folio through its sales and prices covering the time-span from its publication to the present. This chapter addresses its history from the points of view of how many copies have survived and how their distribution—both geographical and the mix of private and public owner-ship—has changed in the span from 1902 to 2000.