bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the infected sacral nerve stimulator: A scoping review
Authors: Wynn Jessica , Kelsey Ellen , McLeod Kathryn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSacral nerve stimulators (SNSs) are a widely accepted, efficacious surgical option to treat patients who have failed conservative management for overactive bladder, nonobstructive urinary retention, fecal incontinence, or pelvic pain. As with all implanted devices, there are associated risks for surgical site and implant infections. There are currently no clear published data or guidelines regarding treating such infections.AimsWe present a scoping review aiming to examine the existing literature on the treatment approaches of infected SNSs.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. The search strategy focused on “sacral modulation,” and “infection,” and “explantation,” and conservative management methods such as “antibiotics.” A search was conducted on medical databases, and a grey literature search was performed.ResultsThirty articles were included for data extraction. Articles were published between 2006 and 2022. Outcomes were reported for 7446 patients. Two hundred and seventy‐four infection events were reported, giving an overall 3.7% infection rate. Most infection events were treated with explantation, although there is some discussion on the role of conservative management using oral and intravenous antibiotics in the literature. Articles also discussed considerations for future reimplantation after explantation of SNS.ConclusionsThere are currently no treatment protocols in the literature to help guide whether a patient is suited to conservative or surgical management. There is future scope for developing treatment algorithms to guide clinicians for optimal treatment of infected sacral neuromodulation devices.
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: First investigations in a large animal model
Authors: Andelius Ted C. K. , Hansen Esben S. S. , Bøgh Nikolaj , Pedersen Mette V. , Kyng Kasper J. , Henriksen Tine B. , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly biomarkers of cerebral damage are essential for accurate prognosis, timely intervention, and evaluation of new treatment modalities in newborn infants with hypoxia and ischemia at birth. Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a novel method with which to quantify metabolism in vivo with unprecedented sensitivity. We aimed to investigate the applicability of hyperpolarized 13C MRI in a newborn piglet model and whether this method may identify early changes in cerebral metabolism after a standardized hypoxic–ischemic (HI) insult. Six piglets were anesthetized and subjected to a standardized HI insult. Imaging was performed prior to and 2 h after the insult on a 3‐T MR scanner. For 13C studies, [1‐13C]pyruvate was hyperpolarized in a commercial polarizer. Following intravenous injection, images were acquired using metabolic‐specific imaging. HI resulted in a metabolic shift with a decrease in pyruvate to bicarbonate metabolism and an increase in pyruvate to lactate metabolism (lactate/bicarbonate ratio, mean [SD]; 2.28 [0.36] vs. 3.96 [0.91]). This is the first study to show that hyperpolarized 13C MRI can be used in newborn piglets and applied to evaluate early changes in cerebral metabolism after an HI insult.
Pressure injury prevalence in critical care settings: An observational pre‐post intervention study
Authors: Alshahrani Bassam , Middleton Rebekkah , Rolls Kaye , Sim Jenny 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo explore pressure injury prevention practices and evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on PI prevalence before and after an educational intervention.DesignA multi‐centre observational study.MethodData were collected at two time points in May 2021 and April 2022 using a Qualtrics® online form. Two Registered Nurses at each site collected observational data at each time point by diagnosing and staging any identified pressure injuries as part of a prevalence study. Patients admitted to participating units were included.ResultsA total of 181 patients in critical care units were included at the two‐time points. Pressure injury prevalence was 60.9% at the outset, with 52.9% hospital‐acquired, 37.9% unit‐acquired and 23.0% medical device‐related. Post‐intervention prevalence decreased significantly to 28.7%, including 21.3% hospital‐acquired, 14.9% unit‐acquired, and 8.5% medical device‐related. Pressure injuries were prominent in the sacral region, head area, and heels. Stages I and II pressure injuries were the most common. Increased age and longer ICU stays are linked to a heightened risk of pressure injury development in critically ill patients, whereas higher haemoglobin levels show an inverse relationship with the development of both pressure injury and severe stages in the univariate analysis. The predictive models revealed that increased age and longer ICU stays are predictors for both pressure injury development and progression to severe stages, while Braden scores predict the likelihood of developing severe stages of pressure injuries.ConclusionsThis study has identified a benchmark for pressure injury prevalence in critical care units in Saudi Arabia. The results demonstrate that pressure injuries can be prevented in critically ill patients when evidence‐based education strategies are implemented.Patient Care ImpactPressure injuries are an important issue for critically ill patients and can be prevented with proper investments. Strategies to prevent pressure injuries from admission will result in fewer pressure injuries.Reporting MethodStrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Antidepressants available in Japan for older people with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Hatano Masakazu , Okumura Takenori , Kato Masaki , Baba Hajime , Iwata Nakao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo update the major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment guidelines of the Japanese Society of Mood Disorders, we conducted a systematic review and pairwise meta‐analysis of double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials of available antidepressants in Japan for older adults with MDD.MethodsOutcome measures included response rate (primary), improvement in depressive symptom scale score, remission rate, all‐cause discontinuation, discontinuation due to adverse events, and at least one adverse event. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsNine double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials (n = 2145) were identified. No study has been conducted in Japan. Our meta‐analysis included the following antidepressants: duloxetine, escitalopram, imipramine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine. Antidepressants have significantly higher response rates than placebo (RR [95% CI] = 1.38 [1.04, 1.83], p = 0.02). Antidepressants outperformed placebo in terms of improving depressive symptom scale score (SMD [95% CI] = −0.62 [−0.92, −0.33], p < 0.0001). However, antidepressants were associated with a higher discontinuation rate due to adverse events (RR [95% CI] = 1.94 [1.30, 2.88], p = 0.001) and a higher incidence of at least one adverse event (RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.02, 1.21], p = 0.02) compared to placebo. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of remission rate or all‐cause discontinuation.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis concluded that treatment with antidepressants available in Japan is only weakly recommended for moderate to severe MDD in older adults.
Geometric optimal control of the generalized Lotka–Volterra model of the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Bonnard Bernard , Rouot Jérémy , Silva Cristiana J 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe introduce the theoretical framework from geometric optimal control for a control system modeled by the generalized Lotka–Volterra equation, motivated by restoring the gut microbiota infected by Clostridium difficile combining antibiotic treatment and fecal injection. We consider both permanent control and sampled‐data control related to the medical protocols.
Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Pediatric Unilateral Hearing Loss: Impact of Device Use and Direct Input
Authors: Magee Lacey C. , Dunn Camille C. , Vovos Rachel , Zeitler Daniel M. , Schwartz Seth R. , Anne Samantha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of daily cochlear implant (CI) use on speech perception outcomes among children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL).Study DesignMulti‐institutional retrospective case series of pediatric patients with UHL who underwent CI between 2018 to 2022.SettingThree tertiary children's hospitals.MethodsDemographics were obtained including duration of deafness and age at CI. Best consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) word scores and data logs describing hours of CI usage were assessed postimplantation. Use of direct audio input (DAI) during rehabilitation was recorded.ResultsTwenty‐seven children were included, with a mean age at CI of 7.8 years. Mean datalogging time was 7.8 ± 3.0 hours/day. 40.7% of children utilized daily DAI. The mean CNC score using the best score during the study period was 34.9%. There was no significant correlation between hours of CI usage and CNC score. There was a significant improvement in CNC score associated with whether the child used DAI during rehabilitation (CNC 50.91% [yes] vs 23.81% [no]), which remained significant when adjusting for age at CI, duration of deafness, and data log hours.ConclusionUnlike children with bilateral hearing loss and CI, children with UHL and CI demonstrate no significant correlation between hours of daily CI usage and CNC scores. However, children who used DAI during postoperative rehabilitation achieved significantly higher CNC scores than those who did not. This suggests that rehabilitation focused on isolated listening with the implanted ear maybe critical in optimizing outcomes with CI in UHL patients.
Antioxidative Stress‐Induced Destruction to Cochlear Cells Caused by Blind Antioxidant Therapy
Authors: Li Liling , Chen Dan , Lin Xuexin , Luo Jia , Tan Jingqian , Ding Dalian , Li Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveVerification that blind and excessive use of antioxidants leads to antioxidant stress which exacerbates cochlear cell damage.Study DesignBasic research.SettingThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University.MethodsWe compared and quantified hair cell‐like house ear institute‐organ of corti 1 (HEI‐OC1) cell density, cell viability, and apoptosis caused by different concentrations of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) via Hoechst staining, Cell Counting Kit 8, Hoechst with propidium iodide staining, and Annexin V with propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis induced by high concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 in cochlear explants was analyzed and compared by cochlear dissection and activated caspase 3 labeling.ResultsWith the increase of NAC concentration (0‐1000 μmol/L), cell density decreased consequently and reached the lowest at 1000 μmol/L (****P ≤ .0001). Cell viability is also declining (**P < .01). The number of Annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled cells and PI‐labeled cells increased with increasing NAC concentration after treatment of HEI‐OC1 cells for 48 hours. The proportion of apoptotic cells also rose (*P < .05, **P < .01). Cochlear hair cells (HCs) treated with low concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 for 48 hours showed no damage. When the concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 were increased (concentrations＞30 μmol/L), HC damage began, followed by a dose‐dependent increase in HC loss (*P < .001, **P < .0001). Activated caspase‐3 was clearly apparent in cochlear explants treated with 50 μmol/L M40403 and coenzyme Q10 compared with cochlear explants without added M40403 and coenzyme Q10.ConclusionThese experimental results suggest that inappropriate application of antioxidants can cause severe damage to normal cochlear HCs.
Improving mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fabric/resin laminated composites by carbon fiber powder
Authors: Yan Jifeng , Fei Jie , Li Chang , Wu Zeyang , Ma Shanshan , Zhang Tengyang , Qi Lehua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon fabric/resin laminated composites (CFRC) are extensively used in aerospace, transportation, and other fields owing to their superiorities of lightweight, high strength, and convenient integral molding. Therefore, strong interlaminar binding and prominent wear resistance are urgent requirements for avoiding premature failure of laminated materials in harsh working environments. To elevate the superficial wear resistance and interlaminar bonding strength of composites simultaneously, the modified composites were obtained by introducing carbon fiber powder (CFP) with different densities on the surface of the composites and between layers. The experimental results indicate that CFP can be evenly distributed in the interlaminar resin enrichment zone of the sample (CFRC‐40) when the deposition density is 40 g/m2. Consequently, CFRC‐40 presents optimal thermal conductivity owing to better heat transfer bridges between layers of the composite established by CFP. At the same time, the mechanical properties such as the tensile, impact, and interlaminar shear strengths of CFRC‐40 are improved by 42.8%, 10.2%, and 8.5%, respectively, compared with the original CFRC, which are attributed to the absorption of crack propagation energy and the inhibition of crack propagation by CFP. Furthermore, the dynamic friction coefficient maintains at a high level after introducing CFP with a density of 40 g/m2, while the wear rate significantly decreases by 61.2% from 12.99 × 10−14 m3(N m)−1 to 5.04 × 10−14 m3(N m)−1. This study proposes an innovative strategy to improve the interlaminar bonding of carbon fabric/resin laminated composite, which is conducive to obtaining composite with excellent mechanical and tribological properties.Highlights
A facile and effectual method was adopted to introduce carbon fiber powder (CFP) into the interlamination and surface of the composites simultaneously.
The mechanical properties and abrasive resistance of the composites were obviously strengthened by regulating the content and distribution of CFP.
CFP at a certain scale, could not only hinder the propagation of cracks but also alleviate the surface wear and extend the service life of composites.
Active carboxymethyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol biodegradable packaging film for shelf‐life enhancement: Effects of makrut lime essential oil on Cavendish bananas ripening and fungal spoilage
Authors: Suchaiya Voravadee , Chokboribal Jaroenporn , Khamweera Pemika , Pankaew Piyapong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMakrut lime essential oil (MLO) was investigated for ripening deceleration and suppression of fungal spoilage of Cavendish bananas stored at 30.0–37.6°C and 40%–60% relative humidity. The sorbitol‐plasticized composite of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol (CMC/PVA; 3:2) was used to distribute MLO droplets (0.5%–3.0%) as it exhibited the best overall tensile properties (15.36 ± 0.90 MPa, 14.9% ± 1.19, and 486.93 ± 81.67 MPa for strength, strain, and Young's modulus, respectively). After 7 days of storage of film‐wrapped Stage‐A1 bananas, growths of the molds on cutting wounds were dramatically suppressed. The 1.0% MLO/CMC/PVA film effectively controlled the spoilages of wounds and stalks. Ripening also occurred at slower pace (by about 2 days; 70.49% weight loss vs. that of the control) when Stage‐B3 bananas were encased in the 1.0% MLO plastic sleeve. However, the MLO coatings negatively affected the appearances and colors and promoted the senescence of the coated bananas at higher MLO concentrations. Compared to the CMC/PVA film, strengths and maximum strains of the 0.5% and 1.0% MLO films were significantly higher. The strength, strain, and modulus of the 1.0% MLO film were 19.50 ± 2.52 MPa, 24.75% ± 3.84, and 562.31 ± 49.71 MPa, respectively. Water vapor transmission rate of the 1.0‐MLO film was also the smallest one (2232 ± 50.91 g/m2·day).Highlights
The 1.0% MLO/CMC/PVA film exhibited improved tensile properties.
The water vapor transmission rate of the film was the lowest.
The film effectively controlled the spoilages of wounds and stalks.
Bananas encased in sleeves made from the film ripened at slower pace.
The role of teacher critical racial consciousness in cultivating student–teacher relationships and school belonging for Black, Indigenous, and youth of color
Authors: Parra López Ashley , Jones Tiffany M. , Malorni Angie , Diaz Autumn , McCowan Kristin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRelationships between students and teachers are a critical protective factor for all students, especially for Black, Indigenous, and youth of color (BIYOC). Critical racial consciousness is the ability to recognize and resist racism. This study explores how teacher critical racial consciousness contributes to shaping learning environments, how teachers perceive their interactions with BIYOC, and BIYOC perceptions of their relationships with their teachers and how their teachers create environments that foster belonging. Data collection consisted of interviews with school teachers (White, n = 7; Black, Indigenous, and people of color, n = 4) and BIYOC (n = 5). Conventional content analysis was used to analyze data. Results indicated that teachers who demonstrated evidence of critical racial consciousness did so by acknowledging their privileged identities, approaching and participating in racial conversations, and handling concerns of race and racism from both BIYOC and other teachers. In turn, students reported feeling a sense of school belonging when teachers created opportunities for BIYOC to raise any concerns surrounding racism and included positive racial/ethnic representation in classroom activities. Study findings provide insights into the importance of teacher critical racial consciousness in creating racially/ethnically inclusive environments that promote school belonging and enhance the quality of relationships between BIYOC and their teachers.
Spindle apparatus coiled‐coil protein 1 (SPDL1) serves as a novel prognostic biomarker in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Xian‐yan , Zheng Xiao‐xia , Zhai Xue‐jia , Tang Tao , Yu Shi‐cang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis, an ineffective diagnosis, and a high degree of aggressiveness. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets for TNBC urgently need to be identified.MethodsThrough a series of bioinformatics analyses, including analysis of differential gene expression, protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network, univariate cox regression, immune infiltration, pathway enrichment, etc, as well as auxiliary immunohistochemistry (IHC) and protein quantitativae analysis, to explore prognostic marker for TNBC.ResultsIn TNBC tissues, we found that SPDL1 (CCDC99) was considerably overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein levels compared to that in normal and non‐TNBC tissues. Additionally, we found that SPDL1‐high expression was strongly linked to poor prognosis in TNBC patients. Excessive SPDL1 expression was positively correlated with tumor growth and strongly linked to the cell cycle, DNA replication, and the p53 signaling pathway. In addition, CIBERSORT analysis revealed that SPDL1 can affect the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in TNBC, encourage the development of TNBC and act as a potential prognostic biomarker for TNBC. Patients with SPDL1‐high expression were more sensitive to AZD8055. Notably, we discovered that SPDL1 is highly expressed in the majority of malignancies and may have an impact on the pancancer prognosis.ConclusionsSPDL1 can serve as a novel prognostic marker for TNBC and pancancer patients.
Computational evidences of a misfolding event in an aggregation‐prone light chain preceding the formation of the non‐native pathogenic dimer
Authors: Desantis Fausta , Miotto Mattia , Milanetti Edoardo , Ruocco Giancarlo , Di Rienzo Lorenzo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAntibody light chain amyloidosis is a disorder in which protein aggregates, mainly composed of immunoglobulin light chains, deposit in diverse tissues impairing the correct functioning of organs. Interestingly, due to the high susceptibility of antibodies to mutations, AL amyloidosis appears to be strongly patient‐specific. Indeed, every patient will display their own mutations that will make the proteins involved prone to aggregation thus hindering the study of this disease on a wide scale. In this framework, determining the molecular mechanisms that drive the aggregation could pave the way to the development of patient‐specific therapeutics. Here, we focus on a particular patient‐derived light chain, which has been experimentally characterized. We investigated the early phases of the aggregation pathway through extensive full‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, highlighting a structural rearrangement and the exposure of two hydrophobic regions in the aggregation‐prone species. Next, we moved to consider the pathological dimerization process through docking and molecular dynamics simulations, proposing a dimeric structure as a candidate pathological first assembly. Overall, our results shed light on the first phases of the aggregation pathway for a light chain at an atomic level detail, offering new structural insights into the corresponding aggregation process.
Identifying novel sources of resistance to wheat stem sawfly in five wild wheat species
Authors: Peirce Erika S , Evers Byron , Winn Zachary J , Raupp W John , Guttieri Mary , Fritz Allan K , Poland Jesse , Akhunov Eduard , Haley Scott , Mason Esten , Nachappa Punya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe wheat stem sawfly (WSS, Cephus cinctus) is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and can cause significant yield losses. WSS damage results from stem boring and/or cutting, leading to the lodging of wheat plants. Although solid‐stem wheat genotypes can effectively reduce larval survival, they may have lower yields than hollow‐stem genotypes and show inconsistent solidness expression. Because of limited resistance sources to WSS, evaluating diverse wheat germplasm for novel resistance genes is crucial. We evaluated 91 accessions across five wild wheat species (Triticum monococcum, T. urartu, T. turgidum, T. timopheevii, and Aegilops tauschii) and common wheat cultivars (T. aestivum) for antixenosis (host selection) and antibiosis (host suitability) to WSS. Host selection was measured as the number of eggs after adult oviposition, and host suitability was determined by examining the presence or absence of larval infestation within the stem. The plants were grown in the greenhouse and brought to the field for WSS infestation. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the WSS traits and phylogenetic clustering.RESULTSOverall, Ae. tauschii, T. turgidum and T. urartu had lower egg counts and larval infestation than T. monococcum, and T. timopheevii. T. monococcum, T. timopheevii, T. turgidum, and T. urartu had lower larval weights compared with T. aestivum.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that wild relatives of wheat could be a valuable source of alleles for enhancing resistance to WSS and identifies specific germplasm resources that may be useful for breeding. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.