bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Role of Rapidly Evolving Conserved Elements in Primate Brain Development and Exploring Their Potential Involvement in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Hu Benxia , Zhuang Xiao-Lin , Zhou Long , Zhang Guojie , Cooper David N , Wu Dong-Dong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although previous studies have identified human-specific accelerated regions as playing a key role in the recent evolution of the human brain, the characteristics and cellular functions of rapidly evolving conserved elements (RECEs) in ancestral primate lineages remain largely unexplored. Here, based on large-scale primate genome assemblies, we identify 888 RECEs that have been highly conserved in primates that exhibit significantly accelerated substitution rates in the ancestor of the Simiiformes. This primate lineage exhibits remarkable morphological innovations, including an expanded brain mass. Integrative multiomic analyses reveal that RECEs harbor sequences with potential cis-regulatory functions that are activated in the adult human brain. Importantly, genes linked to RECEs exhibit pronounced expression trajectories in the adult brain relative to the fetal stage. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the chromatin accessibility of RECEs in oligodendrocytes from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to that of a control group, indicating that these RECEs may contribute to brain aging and AD. Our findings serve to expand our knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of brain function during primate evolution.
International consensus on post-transplantation diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sharif Adnan , Chakkera Harini , de Vries Aiko P J , Eller Kathrin , Guthoff Martina , Haller Maria C , Hornum Mads , Nordheim Espen , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Krebs Michael , Kukla Aleksandra , Kurnikowski Amelie , Schwaiger Elisabeth , Montero Nuria , Pascual Julio , Jenssen Trond G , Porrini Esteban , Hecking Manfred 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) remains a leading complication after solid organ transplantation. Previous international PTDM consensus meetings in 2003 and 2013 provided standardized frameworks to reduce heterogeneity in diagnosis, risk stratification and management. However, the last decade has seen significant advancements in our PTDM knowledge complemented by rapidly changing treatment algorithms for management of diabetes in the general population. In view of these developments, and to ensure reduced variation in clinical practice, a 3rd international PTDM Consensus Meeting was planned and held from 6–8 May 2022 in Vienna, Austria involving global delegates with PTDM expertise to update the previous reports. This update includes opinion statements concerning optimal diagnostic tools, recognition of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance), new mechanistic insights, immunosuppression modification, evidence-based strategies to prevent PTDM, treatment hierarchy for incorporating novel glucose-lowering agents and suggestions for the future direction of PTDM research to address unmet needs. Due to the paucity of good quality evidence, consensus meeting participants agreed that making GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) recommendations would be flawed. Although kidney-allograft centric, we suggest that these opinion statements can be appraised by the transplantation community for implementation across different solid organ transplant cohorts. Acknowledging the paucity of published literature, this report reflects consensus expert opinion. Attaining evidence is desirable to ensure establishment of optimized care for any solid organ transplant recipient at risk of, or who develops, PTDM as we strive to improve long-term outcomes.
The Single-Pitch Texel: A flexible and practical texture-rendering algorithm
Authors: Burns David A , Klatzky Roberta L , Peshkin Michael A , Colgate J Edward 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As the number of applications for tactile feedback technology rapidly increases, so too does the need for efficient, flexible, and extensible representations of virtual textures. The previously introduced Single-Pitch Texel rendering algorithm offers designers the ability to produce textures with perceptually wide-band spectral characteristics while requiring very few input parameters. This paper expands on the capabilities of the rendering algorithm. Diverse families of fine textures, with widely varied spectral characteristics, were shown to be rendered reliably using the Texel algorithm. Furthermore, by leveraging an assistive algorithm, subjects were shown to consistently navigate the Texel parameter space in a matching task. Finally, a psychophysical study was conducted to demonstrate the rendering algorithm’s resilience to spectral quantization, further reducing the data required to represent a virtual texture.
G-protein signaling of oxytocin receptor as a potential target for cabazitaxel-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Hongo Hiroshi , Kosaka Takeo , Takayama Ken-Ichi , Baba Yuto , Yasumizu Yota , Ueda Koji , Suzuki Yutaka , Inoue Satoshi , Beltran Himisha , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although the treatment armamentarium for patients with metastatic prostate cancer has improved recently, treatment options after progression on cabazitaxel (CBZ) are limited. To identify the mechanisms underlying CBZ resistance and therapeutic targets, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with CBZ-resistant prostate cancer. Cells were clustered based on gene expression profiles. In silico screening was used to nominate candidate drugs for overcoming CBZ resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. CTCs were divided into three to four clusters, reflecting intrapatient tumor heterogeneity in refractory prostate cancer. Pathway analysis revealed that clusters in two cases showed up-regulation of the oxytocin (OXT) receptor–signaling pathway. Spatial gene expression analysis of CBZ-resistant prostate cancer tissues confirmed the heterogeneous expression of OXT-signaling molecules. Cloperastine (CLO) had significant antitumor activity against CBZ-resistant prostate cancer cells. Mass spectrometric phosphoproteome analysis revealed the suppression of OXT signaling specific to CBZ-resistant models. These results support the potential of CLO as a candidate drug for overcoming CBZ-resistant prostate cancer via the inhibition of OXT signaling.
Identification of bidirectional causal links between gut microbiota and narcolepsy type 1 using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Sheng Dandan , Li Peihong , Xiao Zheng , Li Xinru , Liu Jing , Xiao Bo , Liu Weiping , Zhou Luo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), characterized by cataplexy and orexin deficiency, is a rare and frequently debilitating neurological disorder. It has been noted to have connections with the gut microbiota, yet the exact causal relationships remain unclear.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to rigorously investigate the causal links between the gut microbiota and NT1, utilizing genetic datasets from the MiBioGen consortium and FinnGen consortium, respectively. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed to obtain the primary MR estimates, supplemented by several alternative methods as well as sensitivity analyses including Cochran’s Q, MR-Egger, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, leave-one-out, and genetic colocalization.

Results
Our findings indicated that an increased relative abundance of five genera including Blautia (p = 4.47E-5), Collinsella (p = 0.036), Gordonibacter (p = 0.047), Hungatella (p = 0.015), and Lachnospiraceae UCG010 (p = 0.027) may be associated with a decreased risk of NT1. Conversely, an increased relative abundance of class Betaproteobacteria (p = 0.032), genus Alloprevotella (p = 0.009), and genus Ruminiclostridium6 (p = 0.029) may potentially heighten the risk of NT1. The onset of NT1 may lead to a decrease in the relative abundance of genus Eubacterium eligens group (p = 0.022), while a increase in the family Family XI (p = 0.009), genus Hungatella (p = 0.005), genus Prevotella (p = 0.013), and unknown genus id.2001 (p = 0.019). These findings remained robust under all sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Our results offer robust evidence for the bidirectional causal links between particular gut microbial taxa and NT1, underscoring the significance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathological process of NT1.
Early Ovarian Cancer Detection in the Age of Fallopian Tube Precursors
Authors: Greenwood Ashley , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Nguyen Cam , Piper Christi , Clauset Aaron , Brubaker Lindsay W. , Behbakht Kian , Bitler Benjamin G. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To determine biomarkers other than CA 125 that could be used in identifying early-stage ovarian cancer.

DATA SOURCES:
Ovid MEDLINE ALL, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, ScienceDirect, Clinicaltrials.gov, and CAB Direct were searched for English-language studies between January 2008 and April 2023 for the concepts of high-grade serous ovarian cancer, testing, and prevention or early diagnosis.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
The 5,523 related articles were uploaded to Covidence. Screening by two independent reviewers of the article abstracts led to the identification of 245 peer-reviewed primary research articles for full-text review. Full-text review by those reviewers led to the identification of 131 peer-reviewed primary research articles used for this review.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS
Of 131 studies, only 55 reported sensitivity, specificity, or area under the curve (AUC), with 36 of the studies reporting at least one biomarker with a specificity of 80% or greater specificity or 0.9 or greater AUC.

CONCLUSION:
These findings suggest that although many types of biomarkers are being tested in ovarian cancer, most have similar or worse detection rates compared with CA 125 and have the same limitations of poor detection rates in early-stage disease. However, 27.5% of articles (36/131) reported biomarkers with better sensitivity and an AUC greater than 0.9 compared with CA 125 alone and deserve further exploration.
Intra-abdominal Content Movement in Prone Versus Lateral Decubitus Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)
Authors: Menezes Cristiano M. , Andrade Luciene M. , Lacerda Gabriel C. , Salomão Marlus M. , Freeborn Mark T. , Thomas J. Alex 
Published: January 2024

Study Design.
A prospective, anatomical imaging study of healthy volunteer subjects in accurate surgical positions.

Objective.
To establish if there is a change in the position of the abdominal contents in the lateral decubitus (LD) versus prone position.

Summary of Background Data.
Lateral transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) in the LD position has been validated anatomically and for procedural safety, specifically in relation to visceral risks. Recently, LLIF with the patient in the prone position has been suggested as an alternative to LLIF in the LD position.

Materials and Methods.
Subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral region in the right LD position with the hips flexed and the prone position with the legs extended. Anatomical measurements were performed on axial magnetic resonance images at the L4-5 disc space.

Results.
Thirty-four subjects were included. The distance from the skin to the lateral disc surface was 134.9 mm in prone compared with 118.7 mm in LD (P<0.0001). The distance between the posterior aspect of the disc and the colon was 20.3 mm in the prone compared with 41.1 mm in LD (P<0.0001). The colon migrated more posteriorly in relation to the anterior margin of the psoas in the prone compared with LD (21.7 vs. 5.5 mm, respectively; P<0.0001). 100% of subjects had posterior migration of the colon in the prone compared with the LD position, as measured by the distance from the quadratum lumborum to the colon (44.4 vs. 20.5 mm, respectively; P<0.001).

Conclusion.
There were profound changes in the position of visceral structures between the prone and LD patient positions in relation to the LLIF approach corridor. Compared with LD LLIF, the prone position results in a longer surgical corridor with a substantially smaller working window free of the colon, as evidenced by the significant and uniform posterior migration of the colon. Surgeons should be aware of the potential for increased visceral risks when performing LLIF in the prone position.

Level of Evidence.
Level II—prospective anatomical cohort study.
Pakistan fears a shortage of life-saving drugs in the wake of the ‘worst economic crisis’
Authors: Muzzamil Muhammad , Fatima Farwa , Irfan Sidra , Tahira Nusrat , Malikzai Abdullah 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
In this study, we examine the issue in the context of Pakistan’s current economic situation, which is leading to a scarcity of essential goods like the raw materials used to create pharmaceuticals that save lives. Finding the problem’s root causes, consequences, and potential countermeasures.

Methods:
It is crucial to shed light on the efforts and challenges surrounding this topic to build and implement solutions based on research and accurately reflect the health industry’s current situation in light of Pakistan’s economic crisis. This brief summary follows standard procedures used in research papers, and we conducted extensive literature searches using PubMed, Google Scholar, Journals Online, and the Internet Library.

Results:
‘Drug scarcity in Pakistan’ yielded anticipated results. Pakistan’s population is growing rapidly, and so is its demand for and consumption of commodities. The economic collapse damaged foreign money and letters of credit, restricting the raw supplies of pharmaceutical materials from standing at port. These holdups are hindering the pharmaceutical industry from meeting patient demand for key drugs, which has a negative impact on the healthcare system as a whole.

Conclusion:
The pharmaceutical business was already struggling to keep up with demand before the current economic crisis. To avert life-threatening medicine shortages, policymakers must improve the supply chain, incentivize manufacturers to use effective quality control measures, and boost production. Medical personnel must be well-informed and trained to lessen health risks on the front lines.
Successfully treated anti-GAD limbic encephalitis in a 15-year-old diabetic boy with intravenous immunoglobulin: case report
Authors: Fattahzadeh Ardalani Ghassem , Samady Khanghah Ali , Jahanpanah Mohammad , Mokhtari Diana , Samady Khanghah Parisa 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and importance:
Limbic encephalitides (LE) have symptoms and signs of new-onset seizures accompanied by cognitive impairment and signal changes in the MRI of the limbic system in the brain. Numerous antibodies against the neurons and synapses have been detected so far. Of those, antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (Anti-GAD Ab) impairs the gamma amino butyric acid, one of the primary mediators that naturally prevents abnormal neuronal activity causing seizure.

Case presentation:
The authors have reported a case of anti-GAD Ab LE in a diabetic male adolescent who responded dramatically to intravenous immunoglobulin and reviewed all similar pediatric cases for 15 years now.

Clinical discussion:
The symptoms in children suffering from anti-GAD LE in three categories, systemic, psychiatric, and neurological, are heterogeneous. The most common manifestations were seizures followed by altered mental status and behavioral changes, respectively. The two main clinical scenarios described in GAD65-mediated autoimmune epilepsy are (1) an acute/subacute onset of seizures alone or seizures (including new-onset refractory status epilepticus, NORSE) accompanied by some degrees of cognitive and psychiatric manifestations, including amnesia and mesiotemporal inflammatory involvement consistent with LE and (2) epilepsy without clinical or MRI evidence of active central nervous system inflammation.

Conclusion:
Although rare, the neurologist should consider the potential role of anti-GAD ab-associated encephalitis in the presence of diabetes mellitus.
Prevalence and associated factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting among adult patients undergoing elective surgery
Authors: Timerga Sara , Befkadu Aynalem 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a surgical complication defined as any nausea, and vomiting with in the first 24–48 h after surgery in inpatients. Nausea is the unpleasant desire and urge to vomit, while vomiting is a forcing of gastric contents through the mouth. Nausea and vomiting is the most common complication associated anaesthesia and surgery in the postoperative period. It is considered one of the most common causes of morbidity, and it has significant effects on patient satisfaction.

Objective:
The study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 February to 30 April 2022. All adult, elective patients who underwent elective surgery under anaesthesia during the study period were included. A total of 677 patients underwent elective surgery at the time of the study, of which 634 patients were included in the study. Data collection method included chart review and patient interview.

Result:
The overall prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting among post-surgical patients was 35.4%. Factors that had statistically significant relationship with PONV were history of motion sickness [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.04, 95% CI 1.486–10.988], smoking history (AOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.128–1.042) and intraoperative opioid use (AOR 3.59, 95% CI 1.345–9.618).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of this study is higher than studies conducted in the recent years. This result showed that the appropriate practice of PONV prophylactic regimens and anaesthesia management are required to decrease the risk of PONV.
Volume-based subglottic secretion drainage: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Du Jinlei , Chencong Nie , Wu Xiaoling 
Published: January 2024

Background:
This study proposed to explore individual management mode for patients with subglottic secretion drainage.

Methods:
Randomly chosen within the hospital ICU 68 patients from 7 April to 15 June 2023, all the patients randomly assigned to the control group or observation group, and control group adopts the model of intermittent drainage management, observation group based on the volume of subglottic secretion in patients with individualized management, and then analysis the two groups of patients clinical trial results.

Results:
The clinical trial results showed that there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the control group and the observation group in the incidence of tube blockage events (11 vs. 2), average diurnal pumping frequency (9 vs. 7, 5 vs. 4) between the two groups and the patient satisfaction scores (6 vs. 7), In the partial mucosa injure (22 vs 19) and VAP (5 vs. 1) there were no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the average aspiration volume (12.68±3.41 vs. 12.19±2.68, 8 vs. 8) between the two groups, but the management mode of the observation group indicated that based on patient secretion volume was more consistent with the characteristics of the body’s diurnal metabolic differences, because there was a big difference between the average total amount of daytime and nighttime suction between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Individualized management based on the volume of subglottic secretions produced by patients can further optimize the airway management of patients and reduce the risk of adverse events of subglottic secretions aspiration.
Apps as partial replacement for robotics and automation systems in construction health and safety management
Authors: Yankah Jonas Ekow , Adjei Kofi Owusu , Tieru Chris Kurbom 
Published: January 2024

PurposeRobotics and automation are successful in construction, health and safety, but costs and expertise hinder their use in developing nations. This study examined mobile apps as a more accessible and affordable alternative.Design/methodology/approachThis descriptive study explored the use of mobile apps in construction, health and safety management. It used a literature review to identify their availability, accessibility, and capabilities. The study consisted of four five stages: searching for relevant apps, selecting them based on versatility, examining their specific functions, removing untested apps and discussing their functions based on empirical studies.FindingsA comprehensive literature review identified 35 mobile apps that are relevant to health and safety management during construction. After rigorous analysis, eight apps were selected for further study based on their relevance, user friendliness and compliance with safety standards. These apps collectively serve 28 distinct functions, including first-aid training and administration, safety compliance and danger awareness, safety education and training, hazard detection and warnings.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that mobile apps can provide a cost-effective and readily accessible alternative to robotics and automation in health and safety management in construction. Further research is needed to accurately assess the efficacy of these apps in real-world conditions.Originality/valueThis study explored the use of apps in health and safety management, highlighting their diverse capabilities and providing a framework for project managers, contractors and safety officers to select suitable apps.
Analysis of structured and unstructured stakeholders’ motivational support of Ghanaian slum communities
Authors: Nkrumah Agyabeng Anthony , Kotey Robertson Neequaye , Acquah Hannah E.A. , Essiam Joshua Ofori , Ketemepi Gifty Enyonam , Wuttor Akorfa , Avusuglo Kofi Hilla 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the motivations and supports of stakeholders in the slum communities, Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
Two-stage methodologies were used for data collection. Published Google News articles about the phenomenon as well as exploratory qualitative in-depth interviews with 15 participants.

Findings
The evidence shows that structured and unstructured are the two main categories of stakeholders operating in the space of slums in Ghana. It shows that stakeholders are motivated by their objectives and ethical or moral obligations to provide support in the form of consumables, housing and finance to the slums.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the data collection regime used in this project, findings are specific to the Ghanaian context and not generalisable. However, the results could be beneficial in other contexts with similar slum phenomena.

Practical implications
The conclusions drawn serve as a springboard for urban managers responsible for slum administration and management to develop policy packages to incentivise and enlist more non-slum stakeholders in the existing stakeholders.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few that expands the frontiers of the stakeholder model within context to discover specific slum stakeholders, their motivations and support for the slums in a consolidated manner.