bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur geometrischen Darstellung von Phasengleichgewichten
Authors: Schmalzried H. , Pelton A. D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractZum Zwecke einer möglichst rationellen und optimalen Darstellung thermodynamischer Information in Mehrkomponentensystemen werden die drei Typen zweidimensionaler Gleichgewichtsphasendiagramme hinsichtlich ihrer Topologie untersucht. Diese Typen sind 1. Diagramme, in denen zwei Potentialfunktionen gegeneinander aufgetragen sind, 2. Diagramme, in denen eine Potentialfunktion durch das Verhältnis konjugierter Extensivgrößen ersetzt wurde und 3. Diagramme, in denen beide Potentialfunktionen durch das Verhältnis konjugierter Extensivgrößen ersetzt wurden.Im zweiten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die allgemeinen Überlegungen zur Berechnung und Darstellung ternärer Zustandsdiagramme für Systeme der Art A‐B‐X benutzt. Es zeigt sich, daß aus den vorgeschlagenen Darstellungen, insbesondere den log px2 ‐ nA/(nA + nB)‐Diagrammen, die topologisch vollständig den bekannten T ‐ xi‐Diagrammen binärer Systeme gleichen, praktisch wichtige Schlüsse zu ziehen sind. Die bearbeiteten ternären Systeme sind Co ‐ Ni‐ O, Cu ‐ Ni‐ S, Sn ‐ Pb ‐ Cl, Fe ‐ Cr ‐ O.
ESR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen über Radikaldianionen substituierter Phenanthroimidazole
Authors: Kiesele Herbert , Volkamer Klaus , Zimmermann Herbert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEs werden ESR‐Spektren von Radikaldianionen analysiert, die sich von 4,5,(9′10′)‐Phenanthroimidazolen ableiten. Sie bilden sich bei Behandlung geeigneter Imidazole mit Alkalimetallen in inerten Lösungsmitteln. Wie aus den ESR‐Spektren und Spindichteberechnungen hervorgeht, hält sich das Radikalelektron bei den 2‐Arylverbindungen der Reihe nicht im 2‐Arylrest auf. Wir nehmen an, daß 2‐Arylrest und Heterocyclus zueinander orthogonal sind. Die Orthogonalität der Molekülreste läßt sich auf sterische Hinderung durch Ionenpaarbildung zurückführen. Die Ionenpaare wurden ESR‐spektroskopisch nachgewiesen.Die Elektronenstrukturen der Radikaldianionen und der isoelektronischen Phototetrazolinyle werden untereinander verglichen.
Kinetics of the One Dimensional Lattice and Triplet Closure
Authors: Rawlings Philip K. , Schneider Friedemann W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is proved that, for the special case of infinitesimal perturbations only, triplet closure leads to an exact description of cooperative quasi‐phase transitions of linear macromolecules of infinite chainlength when the reaction starts from a Zimm‐Bragg equilibrium state. We use an expansion method that is similar to, but more accurate that Craig and Crother's matrix iteration procedure to calculate the time history for any size perturbation from an initial to the final equilibrium state. As a result of our numerical integrations we conclude in agreement with other workers that for finite perturbations triplet closure is highly accurate but not exact in describing the kinetic behavior. This conclusion is arrived at from comparison of numerical calculations of closure levels of sequences of two, three and four lattice sites with each other and with the “exact” Monte Carlo method.
Trajectories in Ion‐Molecule Reactions
Authors: Tully John C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn appraisal of the classical trajectory method as a tool for studying ion‐molecule reactions is presented. The method has recently been extended to incorporate nonadiabatic processes such as charge transfer. This approach has been applied to two fundamental ion‐molecule reactions, Ar+ + H2 and H+ + H (and isotopic variants). Important conclusions concerning the dynamics of these reactions are discussed. Detailed comparisons with the results of molecular beam experiments are included. The agreement between the computer simulations and experiment is indicative of a very promising future for the trajectory method. Provided that reliable potential energy surfaces can be constructed, the method should be capable of accurate prediction of most reaction attributes, e.g. reaction rates, product internal energy distributions, etc. In addition, it can provide unambiguous information about reaction mechanisms that cannot be obtained by experimental means, and it can be used to assess the validity of models which employ simplified forces or dynamics. Possible directions are suggested for future work in this area.
Collisional Energy Transfer in Thermal Unimolecular Reactions
Authors: Troe J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe master equation of a thermal unimolecular reaction in the low pressure limit is solved analytically for a three‐parameter, versatile model of the collisional transition probabilities. This model is compared with the statistical theory of energy exchange. The overall rate constant of the reaction is found to depend predominantly on the mean energy Δ E transferred per collision and only slightly on shape factors of the collisional transition probability. The theory allows for a direct, simple derivation of Δ E from thermal unimolecular reaction data.
A simple tool for the synchronous differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic progenitors
Authors: Kim Mee‐Hae , Thanuthanakhun Naruchit , Kino‐oka Masahiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfficient differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into functional pancreatic cells holds great promise for diabetes research and treatment. However, a robust culture strategy for producing pancreatic progenitors with high homogeneity is lacking. Here, we established a simple differentiation strategy for generating synchronous iPSC‐derived pancreatic progenitors via a two‐step method of sequential cell synchronization using botulinum hemagglutinin (HA), an E‐cadherin function‐blocking agent. Of the various methods tested, the first‐step synchronization method with HA exposure induces a synchronous switch from E‐ to N‐cadherin and N‐ to E‐cadherin expression by spatially controlling heterogeneous cell distribution, subsequently improving their competency for directed differentiation into definitive endodermal cells from iPSCs. The iPSC‐derived definitive endodermal cells can efficiently generate PDX1+ and NKX6.1+ pancreatic progenitor cells in high yields. The PDX1+ and PDX1+/NKX6.1+ cell densities showed 1.6‐ and 2.2‐fold increases, respectively, compared with those from unsynchronized cultures. The intra‐run and inter‐run coefficient of variation were below 10%, indicating stable and robust differentiation across different cultures and runs. Our approach is a simple and efficient strategy to produce large quantities of differentiated cells with the highest homogeneity during multistage pancreatic progenitor differentiation, providing a potential tool for guided differentiation of iPSCs to functional insulin‐producing cells.
Substitution Sur le Mono, di et Trichloronitroethylene Syntheses de Derives du Nitroacetaldehyde et Des Acides Nitro et Chloronitro Acetiques
Authors: Francotte E. , Verbruggen R. , Viehe H. G. , van Meerssche M. , Germain G. , Declercq J. P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNitroacetylenes possess an activated triple bond both for nucleophilic additions and cycloadditions (1,2). ß Mono‐ and dichloronitroethylenes which are synthetic equivalents of the nitroacetylene and chloronitroacetylene display also interesting reactivity patterns, due to the presence of a nitro group (4,5).
Preparation and some reactions of α,β‐unsaturated lactones synthesis of cyclopropanes related to chrysanthemic acid
Authors: Kristensen J. , Thomsen I. , Lawesson S. ‐O. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract2‐Bromo‐2‐methylpropylidene malonates, 3, undergo thermal ringclosure reactions to give 3‐alkoxycarbonyl‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2(5H)‐furanones, 4. Michael addition of Grignard reagents and thiols to 4a, subsequent ethoxycarbonyl elimination, treatment of 8 with SOCl2 and EtOH and, finally, ringclosure lead to cyclopropanes. Sodium cyanide is also smoothly added to 4a. Addition of NaCN, C2H5ONa and ϕSNa to 3 gives the cyclopropanes, 17. Subsequent ethoxycarbonyl elimination of 17a produces 18a and 19a, which are related to chrysanthemic acid.
ANA‐negative severe lupus‐like presentation: Is it lupus or not?
Authors: Li Shuangxi , Bian Qi 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageSystemic lupus erythematosus is difficult to diagnose in patients who are antinuclear antibody (ANA) negative and lack typical clinical manifestations. For such patient who presented ANA‐negative severe lupus‐like manifestations, the diagnosis and treatment are a huge challenge. Histological findings may provide clues to diagnosis.AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by formation of autoantibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. It was reported that a small subset of patients had typical clinical features of SLE with consistently negative antinuclear antibody (ANA), but such disease is usually mild and rarely involves multisystem. At present, there are no reports about severe lupus with ANA continued negative. Our report describes a 34‐year‐old Chinese woman who presented renal failure, multiple serous cavity effusion, and epilepsy, without malar rash, photosensitivity, lymphopenia, and arthritis. Further renal biopsy pathology revealed lupus‐like nephritis. Autoantibodies, including ANA, antibodies against Smith and against double stranded DNA, were negative. Such a ANA negative and lack of typical clinical symptoms of SLE patient, but with severe lupus‐like manifestations, whether it was lupus or not is worth discussing.
Dihydroguaiazulenide Complexes and Catalysts of Group 8–12 Transition Metals: Ligands from Renewable Feedstock Replace, even Outmatch Petrochemical Based Cyclopentadienyl Chemistry
Authors: Vollgraff Tobias , Doppiu Angelino , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present an in‐depth study of the sterically demanding Cp‐synthon (8‐H‐GuaH)Li isolated from natural product guaiazulene (Gua) as a ligand transfer reagent towards late transition metal complex precursors. The synthesis and full characterization of selected, essentially unexplored homo‐ and heteroleptic 8‐H‐guaiazulenide complexes of iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, platinum, copper and zinc are discussed in detail. In order to demonstrate their potential in catalytic applications, [(GuaH)PtMe3] was selected. The latter proved an even higher catalytic activity in light induced olefin hydrosilylation at catalyst loads as low as 5 ppm than classical [CpPtMe3] in a typical test reaction of silicone elastomer fabrication. Our results demonstrate that traditional petrochemical based Cp metal chemistry and catalysis can be replaced, sometimes even outmatched by superior catalysts based on cheap building blocks from renewable feedstock.
Impact of Polymer Matrix on Polymer Mechanochromism from Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer†
Authors: Wu Yu , Cheng Xin , Hu Huan , Hu Shui , Ma Zhimin , Ma Zhiyong 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive SummaryMechanochromic polymers based on non‐covalent changes have attracted much attention recently. Herein, we report the impact of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds on polymer mechanochromism from the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. PhMz‐NH2‐OH and PhMz=2A are designed and obtained by simple and high‐yield synthesis, and are connected into polyurethane and poly(methyl acrylate‐co‐2‐ethylhexyl acrylate), respectively. In the initial state, the PhMz‐NH2‐OH@PU sample shows blue fluorescence from the excited enol form (E*) excitons, owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that interrupt the ESIPT reactions but the PhMz=2A@PMA‐2‐EA sample expresses cyan fluorescence belonging to the excited keto form (K*) emission, implying that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds matter. Furthermore, under stretching, external force can tune the emission of the PhMz=2A@PMA‐2‐EA sample from K* to E* state. Though external force can putatively still promote a bond rotation, ESIPT reactions remain equivalently interrupted in both the relaxed and stressed states in a hydrogen‐bond donating environment. DFT calculation confirms the force‐induced increase in dihedral angle for the transition of ESIPT‐on/off. Thus, PhMz‐NH2‐OH@PU and PhMz=2A@PMA‐2‐EA showed disparate initial ESIPT states and further different responses/sensitivity to force. This study reports a novel and efficient strategy for enriching mechanochromic investigation and extending the applications of ESIPT reactions.
DMoiSDN: A defensive mechanism of object integrity for SDN
Authors: Alsalamh Nora A. , Al‐Mutairi AbdulRahman , Humayed Abdulmalik A. , Alenazi Mohammed J. F. 
Published: November 2023

SummarySoftware‐defined network (SDN) technology is widely used for computer networks, especially in enterprise data centers and virtualized networking. However, SDN networks encounter severe challenges to security. One such challenge comes from third‐party applications that contain malicious logic and security vulnerabilities, resulting in controller integrity attacks. In this paper, we propose a defensive mechanism of object integrity for SDN (DMoiSDN) to mitigate the issue known as Cross‐App Poisoning (CAP). Our results contribute to increasing the integrity level of the controller's resources by conducting a potential risk analysis, which showed a decrease of 57% in the risk factor for potential attacks. We further examined the results of comparing DMoiSDN's performance with related work that uses information flow control (IFC) policies. The best results among the three conducted scenarios were as follows: we found that decreased latency in our system ranged from 12% to 90%, with an average of 59%, when encountering an increase in requests. It ranged from 78% to 49%, with an average of 63%, when receiving a variable number of total permissions for each application. DMoiSDN is expected to show a perceptible but reasonable latency and, to some extent, be able to avoid a critical impact on performance.
Imino‐BODIPY‐Based, Highly Sensitive, Fluorescent Dosimeter for Low‐Dose Gamma Radiation**
Authors: Choudhary Manoj K. , Gorai Sudip , Patro Birija S. , Mula Soumyaditya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA fluorescent “off‐on” gamma (γ) dosimeter based on an imino‐BODIPY dye is developed. The dosimeter is highly sensitive with the lowest limit of detection (LOD, 0.001 Gy) reported so far for gamma dosimeters based on any analytical method. The dosimeter also shows colorimetric changes under γ‐exposure, which is useful for quick detection of the γ‐doses. A detailed mechanistic study was done to explain these colorimetric and fluorometric changes. Thus, the dosimeter will be useful for measuring accurate gamma‐doses in medical applications due to its high sensitivity. Interestingly, the dynamic range of the dosimeter can be tuned by changing the dye concentration. The dosimeter with 57.0 μM dye is capable of colorimetric and fluorometric measurement of 25 Gy γ‐dose, which is useful for quick and accurate measurement of absorbed γ‐doses during blood irradiation.
Impact of prior coronavirus disease 2019 infection in females on assisted reproductive outcomes: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yiqi , Chen Shen , Chen Mengyi , Xing Chutian , Su Danjie , Fan Lu , Xu Dingfei , Tian Lifeng , Xia Leizhen , Zhang Ke , Wu Qiongfang , Fang Zheng , Huang Jialyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in females and subsequent treatment outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART).MethodsA systematic literature review was carried out up to 16 December 2022, in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Random‐effect models were adopted to estimate the pooled effects as mean differences (MDs) or odds ratios (ORs). I2 statistic and Egger's test were applied to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively.ResultsAfter screening 1480 records, 15 cohort studies totalling 1905 cycles were included in this meta‐analysis. In a comparison of previously COVID‐19‐infected versus uninfected women, no significant differences were observed in the primary outcomes of the retrieved oocytes number (MD = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: ‐0.75–0.88; I2 = 0) and clinical pregnancy rate (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.74–1.24; I2 = 0). Pooled analyses of other predefined outcomes, which encompassed four cycle characteristics, six laboratory indicators and four pregnancy results, also showed no adverse effects of prior COVID‐19 infection. Most outcomes remained consistent after further sensitivity and subgroup analyses, and no significant publication bias was observed.ConclusionsOur work provides the first systematic evidence that COVID‐19 infection history in females may have no measurable detrimental impact on the subsequent ART cycle. More data are needed to assess the live birth outcome and the optimal time interval from infection to assisted reproduction.
Temperature variation generates interspecific synchrony but spatial asynchrony in survival for freshwater fish communities
Authors: Pregler Kasey C. , Lu Xinyi , Valentine George P. , Kim Seoghyun , Kanno Yoichiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentifying environmental drivers of demographic variation is key to predicting community‐level impacts in response to global change. Climate conditions can synchronize population trends and can occur both spatially for populations of the same species, and across multiple species within the same local community. The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of temporal variation in survival for freshwater fish communities in two geographically close but isolated sites and to understand the amount of variation accounted for by abiotic covariates including metrics of water temperature and stream flow. Using mark‐recapture data, we estimated bi‐monthly apparent survival in a Bayesian Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber framework. The model included random effects to quantify temporal variance to understand species synchrony with the rest of the fish community and between sites. Study species included bluehead chub (Nocomis leptocephalus), creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and striped jumprock (Moxostoma rupiscartes) in the southeastern USA. Results showed that survival varied over time and periods of low survival were associated with higher mean water temperature. However, temporal patterns of survival differed among species and between sites, where survival was synchronous among species within a site but asynchronous between sites for the same species despite their spatial proximity. Study streams differed in summer thermal regimes, which resulted in contrasting summer survival patterns, suggesting sensitivity of these fishes to warming. We found that interspecific synchrony was greater than spatial synchrony, where regional drivers such as temperature may interact with local habitat leading to differences in survival patterns at fine spatial scales. Finally, these findings show that changes in the timing and magnitude of environmental conditions can be critical in limiting vital rates and that some populations may be more resilient to climate variation than others.
Global distribution, climatic preferences and photosynthesis‐related traits of C4 eudicots and how they differ from those of C4 grasses
Authors: Berasategui Jessica A. , Žerdoner Čalasan Anže , Zizka Alexander , Kadereit Gudrun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractC₄ is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in flowering plants. It evolved independently more than 61 times in multiple angiosperm lineages and consists of a series of anatomical and biochemical modifications to the ancestral C3 pathway increasing plant productivity under warm and light‐rich conditions. The C4 lineages of eudicots belong to seven orders and 15 families, are phylogenetically less constrained than those of monocots and entail an enormous structural and ecological diversity. Eudicot C4 lineages likely evolved the C4 syndrome along different evolutionary paths. Therefore, a better understanding of this diversity is key to understanding the evolution of this complex trait as a whole. By compiling 1207 recognised C4 eudicots species described in the literature and presenting trait data among these species, we identify global centres of species richness and of high phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, we discuss climatic preferences in the context of plant functional traits. We identify two hotspots of C4 eudicot diversity: arid regions of Mexico/Southern United States and Australia, which show a similarly high number of different C4 eudicot genera but differ in the number of C4 lineages that evolved in situ. Further eudicot C4 hotspots with many different families and genera are in South Africa, West Africa, Patagonia, Central Asia and the Mediterranean. In general, C4 eudicots are diverse in deserts and xeric shrublands, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands. We found C4 eudicots to occur in areas with less annual precipitation than C4 grasses which can be explained by frequently associated adaptations to drought stress such as among others succulence and salt tolerance. The data indicate that C4 eudicot lineages utilising the NAD‐ME decarboxylating enzyme grow in drier areas than those using the NADP‐ME decarboxylating enzyme indicating biochemical restrictions of the later system in higher temperatures. We conclude that in most eudicot lineages, C4 evolved in ancestrally already drought‐adapted clades and enabled these to further spread in these habitats and colonise even drier areas.
Genetic signatures of lineage fusion closely resemble population decline
Authors: Garrick Ryan C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccurate interpretation of the genetic signatures of past demographic events is crucial for reconstructing evolutionary history. Lineage fusion (complete merging, resulting in a single panmictic population) is a special case of secondary contact that is seldom considered. Here, the circumstances under which lineage fusion can be distinguished from population size constancy, growth, bottleneck, and decline were investigated. Multi‐locus haplotype data were simulated under models of lineage fusion with different divergence versus sampling lag times (D:L ratios). These pseudo‐observed datasets also differed in their allocation of a fixed amount of sequencing resources (number of sampled alleles, haplotype length, number of loci). Distinguishability of lineage fusion versus each of 10 untrue non‐fusion scenarios was quantified based on six summary statistics (neutrality tests). Some datasets were also analyzed using extended Bayesian skyline plots. Results showed that signatures of lineage fusion very closely resemble those of decline—high distinguishability was generally limited to the most favorable scenario (D:L = 9), using the most sensitive summary statistics (FS and ZnS), coupled with the optimal sequencing resource allocation (maximizing number of loci). Also, extended Bayesian skyline plots often erroneously inferred population decline. Awareness of the potential for lineage fusion to carry the hallmarks of population decline is critical.
Oxidative Synthesis of α‐Nitroketones from α‐Substituted Malononitrile and Nitromethane Using Molecular Oxygen without Condensation Reagents
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Cocco Emanuele , Odaira Hinata , Matoba Hiroaki , Mori Naoki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe developed an oxidative synthetic method for α‐nitroketones from α‐substituted malononitriles and nitromethane under molecular oxygen. Only base and molecular oxygen are necessary without condensation reagents; this is an environmentally benign synthesis.