bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of non‐invasive cardiac output measurement by partial carbon dioxide rebreathing with the lithium dilution method in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Gunkel Cornelia I. , Valverde Alexander , Morey Timothy E. , Hernández Jorge , Robertson Sheilah A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective:To compare the partial CO2rebreathing method (non‐invasive cardiac output [NICO]) and the lithium dilution method (lithium dilution cardiac output [LiDCO]) for cardiac output (CO) measurement in anesthetized dogs.Design:Prospective study.Setting:College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida.Animals:Six adult dogs (weight range 22–25.4 kg).Interventions:All animals were instrumented for CO determinations using the LiDCO and NICO methods. Direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, end‐tidal isoflurane (ETI), and CO2concentrations were monitored throughout the study. CO was manipulated with dobutamine and isoflurane to allow for intermediate, low, and high CO determinations in that order using LiDCO and NICO.Measurements and main results:A 1.5% ETI produced the intermediate rate of CO, a constant‐rate infusion of dobutamine (1–4 μg/kg/min) and 1.1% ETI, the highest rate, and 2.5–3% ETI, the lowest rate. Measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate for the LiDCO and continuously for the NICO method after achieving a stable hemodynamic plane for at least 15 minutes at each level of CO, allowing 5 minutes between measurements. Forty‐seven comparisons were determined. The correlation coefficient (r) between the 2 methods was 0.888 for all determinations. The mean LiDCO and NICO from 47 measurements were 155.9±78.7 mL/kg/min (range, 49.6–303.2) and 146.6±62.9 mL/kg/min (50–290.3), respectively. The bias between LiDCO and NICO estimations was 9.3 (−60.7 to +79.4) mL/kg/min (mean and 95% confidence interval). The mean (mL/kg/min) of the differences of LiDCO–NICO was 1.11 × NICO. The relative error was 2.4±24.7%. As CO increased, the relative difference between the methods also increased.Conclusions:The NICO is a viable non‐invasive method for CO determination in the dog and compares well with the LiDCO.
Canine parvoviral enteritis: a review of diagnosis, management, and prevention
Authors: Prittie Jennifer 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective:To review and summarize current information regarding epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology associated with canine parvoviral infection, and to outline diagnostic and treatment modalities for this disease. Preventative and vaccination strategies will also be discussed, as serologic documentation of immunocompetence and adoption of safe and effective vaccination protocols are crucial in limiting infection and spread of canine parvoviral enteritis.Etiology:Parvoviruses (Parvoviridae) are small, nonenveloped, single‐stranded DNA viruses that replicate in rapidly dividing cells. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV‐2) remains a significant worldwide canine pathogen and the most common cause of viral enteritis in this species.Diagnosis:Classic presentation of CPV infection includes acute‐onset enteritis, fever, and leukopenia. Definitive diagnostic tests include detection of CPV in the feces of affected dogs, serology, and necropsy with histopathology.Therapy:Standard therapeutic practices for both mildly and severely affected puppies will be discussed. The ability of this virus to incite not only local gastrointestinal injury, but also a significant systemic inflammatory response has recently been reviewed in the literature, and novel innovative experimental and clinical therapeutic strategies, such as antagonism of proinflammatory cytokines and immunostimulation, are introduced in this article.Prognosis:CPV remains a significant worldwide canine pathogen. In experimentally affected dogs, mortality without treatment has been reported as high as 91%. However, with prompt recognition of dogs infected with CPV‐2, and aggressive in‐hospital supportive therapy of severely affected puppies, survival rates may approach 80–95%.
Hypernatremia secondary to homemade play dough ingestion in dogs: a review of 14 cases from 1998 to 2001
Authors: Barr Julie M. , Khan Safdar A. , McCullough Sheila M. , Volmer Petra A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractObjective:To correlate the sodium chloride dosage and the serum sodium concentration to clinical signs, to determine if the dosage of homemade play dough (and, therefore, sodium chloride) is the most reliable way to predict clinical signs and prognosis, and to review previously reported treatment options.Design:Retrospective case series.Animals:Fourteen dogs with a history of homemade play dough ingestion.Procedure:Cases were examined for each animal's signalment including body weight, age, approximate amount of play dough ingested, the estimated sodium chloride dosage, clinical signs, serum sodium concentration, and outcome when available. The literature was reviewed to determine pathophysiology and treatment regimens.Results:Twelve of 14 dogs (86%) that ingested homemade play dough showed clinical signs. Vomiting (9 of 14, 64%), polydipsia, and seizures (4 of 14 each, 29%) were the most common signs followed by polyuria, tremors (3 of 14 each, 21%), and hyperthermia (2 of 14, 14%). The lowest calculated dosage associated with objective clinical signs was 1.9 g/kg. Seizures were reported in all animals with serum sodium levels greater than 180 mEq/L.Conclusions and clinical relevance:Homemade play dough ingestion can be a serious and life‐threatening problem. Many factors can contribute to the toxicity of homemade play dough. This study indicates that the serum sodium concentration is a more reliable indicator of the clinical course of the toxicity rather than the amount of play dough and, therefore, the dosage of sodium chloride ingested. Treatment should be based on a clinical evaluation of the patient and laboratory results, and consists of controlling seizures, reducing serum sodium concentrations slowly, and supportive care.
Increased Mental Health Needs and New Roles in School Communities
Authors: Hootman Janis , Houck Gail M. , King Mary Catherine 
Published: August 2004

TOPIC Mental health issues and partnership roles in school communities.PURPOSE To heighten the awareness of healthcare providers about the multiple mental health conditions students bring into school communities and the impact of these conditions on students' ability to learn; to encourage partnering between healthcare providers and educators to support students in achieving academic and developmental success.SOURCES Literature review and authors' experiences with assessment of and intervention with school‐age children presenting with impaired mental health.CONCLUSIONS Health and education systems must increase their partnerships on behalf of children for a healthy future.
Anxiety, Somatic Complaints, and Depressive Symptoms in Rural Adolescents
Authors: Puskar Kathryn R. , Sereika Susan M. , Haller Linda L. 
Published: August 2004

PROBLEM Undiagnosed and untreated anxiety in adolescents is often associated with greater rates of mood and behavior problems, somatic complaints, and risk for future psychiatric disorders.METHODS A self‐report anxiety instrument was administered as part of a community survey of 466 rural adolescents.FINDINGS Anxiety symptoms were strongly correlated with both physical complaints and depression. Females had higher scores for total anxiety and the anxiety subtypes of generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, and school phobia.CONCLUSIONS Implications for nursing practice are provided.
Culturally Competent Mental Health Care for Puerto Rican Children
Authors: Berrios Carmen 
Published: August 2004

TOPIC Mental health care for Puerto Rican children.PURPOSE To explore the cultural background of Hispanics, present relevant definitions, and review and critique selected literature relevant to culturally competent mental health care of Puerto Rican children.SOURCES OF DATA Published literature.CONCLUSIONS Cross‐cultural research is important to raise the consciousness of nursing professionals, expose them to other realities, and provide opportunities to establish culturally relevant treatment modalities.
Prevalence of Psychopathology in Preschool‐Age Children
Authors: McDonnell Mary Ann , Glod Carol 
Published: August 2004

PROBLEMLittle is known about psychopathology in preschool‐age children.METHODSA review of representative studies of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers.FINDINGSSample sizes ranged from 104 to 3,860 subjects, ages 1 to 9 years. Prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders varied from 0.1% to 26.4%; high rates of co‐morbidity were reported.CONCLUSIONSStudies addressing psychiatric disorders in preschoolers are extremely limited. Future research is needed to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in preschool‐age children.
Cries From the Morgue
Authors: Clements Paul T. , Weisser Susan M. 
Published: August 2004

TOPIC Family member homicide.PURPOSE To explore the unique facets of bereavement for a family member of a homicide victim in order to assist clinicians during assessment, evaluation, and intervention with children.SOURCES The authors' experience in working with children at a child grief center and published literature.CONCLUSIONS Children experience grief uniquely and use differing methods of coping and adaptation. Knowledge of these differences can assist clinicians with promotion of adaptive coping and grieving in children who have been exposed to murder.
Adjustment Difficulties of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Pinckney Rosie B. , Stuart Gail W. 
Published: August 2004

TOPIC The psychosocial factors that affect adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD).PURPOSE To explore whether specific psychosocial factors can provide clues to the future adjustment of this population.SOURCES Ovid Web, Medline, Psychinfo, and CINAHL databases for the years 1997 to 2001.CONCLUSIONS Promoting effective psychosocial functioning is as important as managing the medical aspects of SCD, yet this is an area of care that is commonly overlooked. Nurses, therefore, have an opportunity to have a significant impact on the lives of adolescents with SCD if they intervene in ways to promote both biological and psychosocial adjustment.
Identifying Competence in the Context of the Pediatric Anogenital Exam
Authors: Waibel‐Duncan Mary Katherine 
Published: August 2004

PROBLEM Appraisals of and concerns about the pediatric anogenital exam in order to promote a better understanding of predisposing factors that may underlie some people's adjustment to these exceptional circumstances.METHODS Thirty‐three girls ages 8–15 and 82 adult guardians rated their acute exam appraisals and concerns using a 5‐point Likert‐type scale. Data were collected immediately after the anogenital exam at a pediatric outpatient clinic specializing in medical evaluations following allegations of child sexual abuse.FINDINGS Participants reported relatively low levels of acute exam concerns as well as relatively high appraisals of the exam's importance and desirability, their ability to emotionally tolerate the exam, and optimism regarding the event's potential amelioration.CONCLUSIONS Data suggested the presence of specific competencies that may be instrumental in safeguarding children's and adult guardians' psychological well‐being in the context of the pediatric anogenital exam.
Relationships Among Personal Space Boundaries, Peer Acceptance, and Peer Reputation in Adolescents
Authors: Stiles Anne Scott , Raney Thomas J. 
Published: August 2004

PROBLEM Peer relationships are important to the health of adolescents who are at a developmental period of moving from parental influence to potentially dangerous peer influence. Interpersonal communication processes are logical antecedents of peer relationships. However, research in this area with adolescent populations is limited.METHODS Exploratory descriptive study using observational technique to collect nonverbal and verbal communication data on adolescents (N = 28). Observer ratings of personal boundaries and peer acceptance were correlated with anonymous peer ratings of sociability/leadership, aggressiveness/disruptiveness, and sensitivity/isolation, with comparisons made between males and females.FINDINGS Boundaries are related to peer acceptance and peer reputation and are interpreted differently in males and females.CONCLUSIONS This study provides beginning evidence of the usefulness of Personal Space Boundary Theory in understanding adolescent behavior.
Development of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing Practice in Korea, 1980–2000
Authors: Im Sook‐Bin , Kim Jung‐Lim , Ju Se‐Jin , Kwon Mi‐Kyung , Kim Ju‐Hee , Kwon Ji‐Hyang , Lee So‐Woo 
Published: August 2004

PROBLEMAlthough the need for mental health services for children and youth is on the rise in Korea, there are no data available regarding the current status of psychiatric nurses working with children and adolescents.METHODSDescriptive statistics were used to analyze questionnaires from 324 respondents.FINDINGSOnly 5% of psychiatric nurses in Korea are working at child and adolescent–specific programs. The level of nurses' roles and functions vary from simple to specialized.CONCLUSIONSMore effort should be put into networking among nurses to exchange updated information and to share nursing strategies and strengthen college education for further specialization and expansion of nursing roles in the various settings.
Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Psychoeducational Intervention With Pregnant and Parenting Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Thomas Deborah V. , Looney Stephen W. 
Published: August 2004

PROBLEM Little is known about the effectiveness of a comprehensive psychoeducational intervention on depression, self‐esteem, and parenting attitudes/beliefs of at‐risk pregnant and parenting adolescents.METHODS Adolescents (N = 41) attending either a residential treatment facility (RTF) or a rural alternative school (RAS) participated in a psychoeducational parenting group using Bavolek's Nurturing Program during Phase I. Phase II included health promotion issues, infant massage, and CPR.FINDINGS Using the Parenting Semantic Differential and the AAPI‐2, there was significant improvement in parenting attitudes and beliefs. No significant change was found in self‐esteem.CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive psychoeducational parenting group can be effective in changing parenting attitudes and beliefs, which suggests an ultimate improvement in health promotion and disease prevention in adolescent women and their children.
Using Freirean Empowerment for Health Education With Adolescents in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Psychiatric Settings
Authors: Rindner Ellen C. 
Published: August 2004

TOPIC Engaging adolescents in health education through the application of Paulo Freire's three‐stage empowerment model in primary, secondary, and tertiary psychiatric settings.PURPOSE To demonstrate how nurses can support adolescent autonomy and facilitate adolescent self and collective learning through group process, peer teaching, and development of critical thinking skills.SOURCES A synthesis of nursing, medical, and health education literature resulted in identification of Freire's empowerment model and its application with adolescents in primary prevention settings.CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in primary, secondary, and tertiary psychiatric settings can identify their health needs, make health choices, and take action to achieve them by using Freire's model.
Soluble MD-2 activity in plasma from patients with severe sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Pugin Jérôme , Stern-Voeffray Sabine , Daubeuf Bruno , Matthay Michael A. , Elson Greg , Dunn-Siegrist Irène 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we show that plasma from patients with severe sepsis and septic shock but not normal plasma supports lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of epithelial cells expressing Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recombinant soluble myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complemented normal plasma and allowed LPS activation of epithelial cells to levels measured with “septic” plasma, whereas soluble MD-2-depleted plasma lost its effects. The same “MD-2 activity” was found in urine from a patient with septic shock and in lung edema fluids from patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recombinant soluble MD-2 enabled LPS-dependent activation of epithelial cells bearing TLR4. LPS-binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 increased the sensitivity of TLR4-expressing epithelial cells to LPS but were not able to mediate LPS activation of these cells in the absence of soluble MD-2. An anti-MD-2 monoclonal antibody blocked LPS activation of TLR4-expressing cells only in the presence of septic plasma or septic urine. These results suggest that septic plasma containing soluble MD-2 leaking into the extravascular space supports LPS activation of TLR4-expressing epithelial cells. We therefore propose that soluble MD-2 is an important mediator of organ inflammation during sepsis. (Blood. 2004;104:4071-4079)
Acute cholesterol depletion impairs functional expression of tissue factor in fibroblasts: modulation of tissue factor activity by membrane cholesterol
Authors: Mandal Samir K. , Iakhiaev Alexei , Pendurthi Usha R. , Rao L. Vijaya Mohan 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCholesterol, in addition to providing rigidity to the fluid membrane, plays a critical role in receptor function, endocytosis, recycling, and signal transduction. In the present study, we examined the effect of membrane cholesterol on functional expression of tissue factor (TF), a cellular receptor for clotting factor VIIa. Depletion of cholesterol in human fibroblasts (WI-38) with methyl-β-cyclodextrin–reduced TF activity at the cell surface. Binding studies with radiolabeled VIIa and TF monoclonal antibody (mAB) revealed that reduced TF activity in cholesterol-depleted cells stems from the impairment of VIIa interaction with TF rather than the loss of TF receptors at the cell surface. Repletion of cholesterol-depleted cells with cholesterol restored TF function. Loss of caveolar structure on cholesterol removal is not responsible for reduced TF activity. Solubilization of cellular TF in different detergents indicated that a substantial portion of TF in fibroblasts is associated with noncaveolar lipid rafts. Cholesterol depletion studies showed that the TF association with these rafts is cholesterol dependent. Overall, the data presented herein suggest that membrane cholesterol functions as a positive regulator of TF function by maintaining TF receptors, probably in noncaveolar lipid rafts, in a high-affinity state for VIIa binding.
Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor I gene expression by intracellular calcium via hypoxia-inducible factor-1
Authors: Liu Qing , Möller Ulrike , Flügel Daniela , Kietzmann Thomas 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression can be enhanced by hypoxia and other stimuli leading to the mobilization of intracellular calcium. Thus, it was the aim of the present study to investigate the role of calcium in the hypoxia-dependent PAI-1 expression. It was shown that the Ca2+-ionophore A23187 and the cell permeable Ca2+-chelator BAPTA-am (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester) induced PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression under normoxia and hypoxia in HepG2 cells. Transfection experiments with wild-type and hypoxia response element (HRE)-mutated PAI promoter constructs revealed that the HRE binding hypoxiainducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediated the response to A23187 and BAPTA-am. Although A23187 induced a striking and stable induction of HIF-1α, BAPTA-am only mediated a fast and transient increase. By using actinomycin D and cycloheximide we showed that A23187 induced HIF-1α mRNA expression, whereas BAPTA-am acted after transcription. Although A23187 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as protein kinase B, it appeared that the enhancement of HIF-1α by A23187 was only mediated via the ERK pathway. By contrast, BAPTA-am exerted its effects via inhibition of HIF-prolyl hydroxylase activity and von Hippel-Lindau tumor repressor protein (VHL) interaction. Thus, calcium appeared to have a critical role in the regulation of the HIF system and subsequent activation of the PAI-1 gene expression. (Blood. 2004;104:3993-4001)
Enhancement of the host immune responses in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and IL-15
Authors: Wysocka Maria , Benoit Bernice M. , Newton Sarah , Azzoni Livio , Montaner Luis J. , Rook Alain H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPatients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) exhibit profound defects in cell-mediated immunity. Host immune functions appear to play an integral role in mediating disease-controlling responses in CTCL, therefore we investigated the effects of synthetic oligode-oxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG ODN), which have been recognized as immune stimulatory by virtue of activation of dendritic cells (DCs) following binding to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with advanced CTCL (erythroderma with circulating malignant T cells) and healthy volunteers were cultured with either CpG-A or CpG-B ODN. Patients' PBMCs exhibited marked induction of interferon-α (IFN-α) release following culture with CpG-A. Similarly significant activation of NK cells and CD8 T cells occurred as assessed by up-modulation of CD69 expression and by natural killer lytic activity. Nevertheless, the PBMCs of patients exhibited blunted responses to CpG-A compared to healthy volunteers. In such cases, IL-15 was capable of producing levels of NK activation that were superior to CpG-A, while the combined effects of CpG-A plus IL-15 induced maximal activation of NK cells and further enhanced activation of CD8 T cells. These findings have important implications for the potential enhancement of antitumor immunity among patients with advanced CTCL.
Oral administration of K-11706 inhibits GATA binding activity, enhances hypoxia-inducible factor 1 binding activity, and restores indicators in an in vivo mouse model of anemia of chronic disease
Authors: Nakano Yoko , Imagawa Shigehiko , Matsumoto Ken , Stockmann Christian , Obara Naoshi , Suzuki Norio , Doi Takeshi , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Satoru , Nagasawa Toshiro , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) gene expression is under the control of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and is negatively regulated by GATA. Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which increase the binding activity of GATA and inhibit Epo promoter activity, are increased in patients with anemia of chronic disease (ACD). We previously demonstrated the ability of K-7174 (a GATA-specific inhibitor), when injected intraperitoneally, to improve Epo production that had been inhibited by IL-1β or TNF-α treatment. In the present study, we examined the ability of both K-11706, which inhibits GATA and enhances HIF-1 binding activity, and K-13144, which has no effect on GATA or HIF-1 binding activity, to improve Epo production following inhibition by IL-1β or TNF-α in Hep3B cells in vitro and in an in vivo mouse assay. Oral administration of K-11706 reversed the decreases in hemoglobin and serum Epo concentrations, reticulocyte counts, and numbers of erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-Es) induced by IL-1β or TNF-α. These results raise the possibility of using orally administered K-11706 for treating patients with ACD.