bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On asymmetry of magnetic activity and plasma flow temperature in Jupiter’s magnetosphere
Authors: Kaminker Vitaliy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiscs of plasma around giant planets are natural laboratories that contain within mechanisms of transferring and keeping energy into the plasma and magnetic field system. Various missions to Jovian planets observed that expansion of plasmadiscs is not adiabatic and plasma temperature is increasing with radial distance. Magnetometer measurements from Juno mission were examined to determine plausibility of turbulent fluctuations as the plasma heating mechanism. Extensive azimuthal map of magnetic activity in Jupiter’s nightside plasmadisc is presented. Observations show that magnetic activity is distributed asymmetrically, with active and quiet regions. This is similar to the asymmetrical distribution of activity observed in Saturn’s magnetosphere. However, comprehensive study of temperature measurements showed that the only systematic change of temperature in magnetospheres of giant planets is in the radial direction. Observed breakfrequency in the magnetometer time series is systematically greater than the ion cyclotron frequency. Examination of the power spectrum points to that the kinetic energy of the corotating plasma as a source of increase of plasma temperature. This study shows that turbulent fluctuations themselves are not good candidates as a plasma heating mechanism. External pressure fluctuation however, can be used to convert kinetic energy of the plasma flow into thermal.
Studies on the mechanical and thermal stability of Calotropis gigantea fibre-reinforced bran nano particulates epoxy composite
Authors: Raja Thandavamoorthy , Devarajan Yuvarajan , Thanappan Subash 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent trends, the usage of synthetic materials has been reduced by introducing natural fibres for lightweight applications. In this study, Madar (Calotropis gigantea) fibre is selected for the reinforcement phase (40%), and the epoxy polymer is blended with bran filler selected as a matrix material. To calculate hybrid composite mechanical characteristics, five composite laminates with different fibre/filler weight ratios were made. The results show that when the weight ratio of madar fibre increased, the superior mechanical properties were observed in the composite laminate sample (A), such as tensile strength (20.85 MPa), flexural strength (24.14 MPa), impact energy absorption (23 J) compared with an increasing the weight ratio of bran nanofiller to this composite material. At the same time, increasing bran nanofillers can improve thermal stability up to 445 °C of degrading temperature. To analyse the surface interaction between the madar fibres, bran nanofillers, and epoxy matrix by conducting the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis before subjecting to the mechanical test and also to identify the failure mode by conducting the SEM test after the laminates are broken during the mechanical tests of the hybrid composite.
Topological phase transition in the antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi$$_2$$Te$$_4$$ from the point of view of axion-like state realization
Authors: Shikin A. M. , Estyunina T. P. , Eryzhenkov A. V. , Zaitsev N. L. , Tarasov A. V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work aims to study the conditions of topological phase transition (TPT) between the topological and trivial states in the antiferromagnetic topological insulator (AFM TI) MnBi$$_2$$

2

Te$$_4$$

4

and propose some theory about the relationship of this TPT with the possibility of axion-like state realization in this material. Using the density functional approach we have analyzed the changes in the electronic and spin structure of topological surface states (TSSs) and the nearest conduction and valence bands (CB and VB) including the changes in the bulk band gap as well as the Dirac point (DP) gap in TSSs under variation of the spin-orbit coupling strength in the region of the TPT for infinite crystal and slab with a surface both. We have shown that in both cases the TPT occurs with inversion of the contributions of the Bi-$$p_z$$

p
z

and Te-$$p_z$$

p
z

states of different parity at the gap edges related to change in the gap sign. In the case of surface calculations, the Bi-$$p_z$$

p
z

and Te-$$p_z$$

p
z

states at the edges of the bulk band gap and their inversion at the TPT point are transformed into the TSSs with an energy gap at the DP. In this case the TPT takes place without closing the band gap, i.e. with a “jump” through zero and the formation of the nonzero gap during such a transition. Our calculations show that the TPT point is also characterized by an inversion of the out-of-plane spin polarization $$s_z$$

s
z

at the $$\Gamma$$
Γ
point for lower and upper parts of the Dirac cone and a significant spatial redistribution of the TSSs between the surface and the bulk. We suppose that the nonzero Dirac gap can have some relationship with the formation of the axion-like state, which presumably couples nonmagnetic spin-orbit and magnetic contributions at the boundary between the topological and trivial phases for a system with parameters close to the TPT conditions. A practically realized system is proposed - the AFM TI with a stoichiometry close to that of MnBi$$_2$$

2

Te$$_2$$

2

Se$$_2$$

2

with partial (about 50%) substitution of Te atoms for Se atoms in MnBi$$_2$$

2

Te$$_4$$

4

which can be an experimental platform for the implementation and experimental analysis of the TPT and the corresponding possibility of the axion-like state realization in Condensed Matter. Besides, such system could serve as a good platform for studying the dynamic axion effect, where the axion field fluctuations are maximised when a small external field is applied to the system which state is close to the TPT.
Fabrication of new composite NCuTiO2/CQD for photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin and pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: degradation pathway, toxicity assessment
Authors: Noroozi Roghayeh , Gholami Mitra , Oskoei Vahide , Hesami Arani Mohsen , Mousavifard Seyedeh Azar , Nguyen Le Binh , Fattahi Mehdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this research, the photocatalytic degradation of CIP from aqueous solutions using CQD decorated on N-Cu co-doped titania (NCuTCQD) was made during two synthesis steps by sol–gel and hydrothermal methods. The fabricated catalysts were analyzed using various techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, BET, FESEM, EDX, and DRS. The results showed that N and Cu atoms were doped on TiO2and CQD was well deposited on NCuT. The investigation of effective operational parameters demonstrated that the complete removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP: 20 mg/L) could be achieved at pH 7.0, NCuTCQD4wt%: 0.8 g/L, and light intensity: 100 mW/cm2over 60 min reaction time. The O2•–and OH˙ radicals were identified as the primary reactive species during the decontamination process. The synthesized photocatalyst could be recycled after six consecutive cycles of CIP decomposition with an insignificant decrease in performance. Pharmaceutical wastewater was treated through the optimum degradation conditions which showed the photocatalytic degradation eliminated 89% of COD and 75% of TOC within 180 min. In the effluent toxicity evaluation, the EC50values for treated and untreated pharmaceutical wastewater increased from 62.50% to 140%, indicating that the NCuTCQD4wt%/Vis system can effectively reduce the toxic effects of pharmaceutical wastewater on aquatic environments.
Modelling lifespan reduction in an exogenous damage model of generic disease
Authors: Tobin Rebecca , Pridham Glen , Rutenberg Andrew D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe model the effects of disease and other exogenous damage during human aging. Even when the exogenous damage is repaired at the end of acute disease, propagated secondary damage remains. We consider both short-term mortality effects due to (acute) exogenous damage and long-term mortality effects due to propagated damage within the context of a generic network model (GNM) of individual aging that simulates a U.S. population. Across a wide range of disease durations and severities we find that while excess short-term mortality is highest for the oldest individuals, the long-term years of life lost are highest for the youngest individuals. These appear to be universal effects of human disease. We support this conclusion with a phenomenological model coupling damage and mortality. Our results are consistent with previous lifetime mortality studies of atom bomb survivors and post-recovery health studies of COVID-19. We suggest that short-term health impact studies could complement lifetime mortality studies to better characterize the lifetime impacts of disease on both individuals and populations.
Nursery origin of yellowfin tuna in the western Atlantic Ocean: significance of Caribbean Sea and trans-Atlantic migrants
Authors: Rooker Jay R. , Sluis Michelle Zapp , Kitchens Larissa L. , Dance Michael A. , Falterman Brett , Lee Jessica M. , Liu Hui , Miller Nathaniel , Murua Hilario , Rooker Alexandra M. , Saillant Eric , Walter John , David Wells R. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNatural geochemical markers in the otolith of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were used to establish nursery-specific signatures for investigating the origin of fish captured in the western Atlantic Ocean (WAO). Two classes of chemical markers (trace elements, stable isotopes) were used to first establish nursery-specific signatures of age-0 yellowfin tuna from four primary production zones in the Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Cape Verde, and Gulf of Guinea. Next, mixture and individual assignment methods were applied to predict the origin of sub-adult and adult yellowfin tuna from two regions in the WAO (Gulf of Mexico, Mid Atlantic Bight) by relating otolith core signatures (corresponding to age-0 period) to baseline signatures of age-0 fish from each nursery. Significant numbers of migrants from Caribbean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean (EAO) production zones (Gulf of Guinea, Cape Verde) were detected in the WAO, suggesting that fisheries in this region were subsidized by outside spawning/nursery areas. Contributions from local production (Gulf of Mexico) were also evident in samples from both WAO fisheries, but highly variable from year to year. High levels of mixing by yellowfin tuna from the different production zones and pronounced interannual trends in nursery-specific contribution rates in the WAO emphasize the complex and dynamic nature of this species’ stock structure and population connectivity. Given that geographic shifts in distribution across national or political boundaries leads to governance and management challenges, this study highlights the need for temporally resolved estimates of nursery origin to refine assessment models and promote the sustainable harvest of this species.
Assessment of environmental and carcinogenic health hazards from heavy metal contamination in sediments of wetlands
Authors: Panda Bibhu Prasad , Mohanta Yugal Kishore , Paul Rakesh , Prusty B. Anjan Kumar , Parida Siba Prasad , Pradhan Abanti , Saravanan Muthupandian , Patowary Kaustuvmani , Jiang Guangming , Joshi Sanket J. , Sarma Hemen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSediment contamination jeopardizes wetlands by harming aquatic organisms, disrupting food webs, and reducing biodiversity. Carcinogenic substances like heavy metals bioaccumulate in sediments and expose consumers to a greater risk of cancer. This study reports Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn levels in sediments from eight wetlands in India. The Pb (51.25 ± 4.46 µg/g) and Cr (266 ± 6.95 µg/g) concentrations were highest in Hirakud, Cu (34.27 ± 2.2 µg/g) in Bhadrak, and Zn (55.45 ± 2.93 µg/g) in Koraput. The mean Pb, Cr, and Cu values in sediments exceeded the toxicity reference value. The contamination factor for Cr was the highest of the four metals studied at Hirakud (CF = 7.60) and Talcher (CF = 6.97). Furthermore, high and moderate positive correlations were observed between Cu and Zn (r = 0.77) and Pb and Cr (r = 0.36), respectively, across all sites. Cancer patients were found to be more concentrated in areas with higher concentrations of Pb and Cr, which are more carcinogenic. The link between heavy metals in wetland sediments and human cancer could be used to make policies that limit people's exposure to heavy metals and protect their health.
Theoretical study on the glycosidic C–C bond cleavage of 3’’-oxo-puerarin
Authors: Choi Jongkeun , Kim Yongho , Eser Bekir Engin , Han Jaehong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPuerarin, daidzein C-glucoside, was known to be biotransformed to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria, which is eventually converted to (S)-equol. The metabolic pathway of puerarin to daidzein by DgpABC of Dorea sp. PUE strain was reported as puerarin (1) → 3’’-oxo-puerarin (2) → daidzein (3) + hexose enediolone (C). The second reaction is the cleavage of the glycosidic C–C bond, supposedly through the quinoid intermediate (4). In this work, the glycosidic C–C bond cleavage reaction of 3’’-oxo-puerarin (2) was theoretically studied by means of DFT calculation to elucidate chemical reaction mechanism, along with biochemical energetics of puerarin metabolism. It was found that bioenergetics of puerarin metabolism is slightly endergonic by 4.99 kcal/mol, mainly due to the reaction step of hexose enediolone (C) to 3’’-oxo-glucose (A). The result implied that there could be additional biochemical reactions for the metabolism of hexose enediolone (C) to overcome the thermodynamic energy barrier of 4.59 kcal/mol. The computational study focused on the C–C bond cleavage of 3’’-oxo-puerarin (2) found that formation of the quinoid intermediate (4) was not accessible thermodynamically, rather the reaction was initiated by the deprotonation of 2’’C–H proton of 3’’-oxo-puerarin (2). The 2’’C-dehydro-3’’-oxo-puerarin (2a2C) anionic species produced hexose enediolone (C) and 8-dehydro-daidzein anion (3a8), and the latter quickly converted to daidzein through the daidzein anion (3a7). Our study also explains why the reverse reaction of C-glycoside formation from daidzein (3) and hexose enediolone (C) is not feasible.
The characteristics and influencing factors of spatial network of city-based innovation correlation in China: from the perspective of high tech zones
Authors: Zhang Hong , Jiang Lili , Zhou Jia , Chu Nanchen , Li Fengjiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the context of “space of flows”, city-based innovation correlation in driving economic growth is no longer limited to the traditional hierarchical structure. It is of great significance to explore Chinese cities innovation association network from the perspective of high-tech zones which gather a large number of innovation resources. Here our report is to provide new ideas for improving the innovation capability of high-tech zones and accelerating the construction of Chinese high-quality innovation system. Here we take 142 cities with high-tech zones as research samples, and explore the characteristics and influencing factors of spatial network of city-based innovation correlation in China, through modified gravity modelsocial, network analysis and QAP analysis. The results show that city-based innovation network is not closely connected, the number of redundant connection channels is low efficiency, showing a four-level spatial pattern of “Z” shaped spindle. Among them, degree centrality of cities in eastern China is higher than that in the western region, the core cities in central China play a bridging role, and western remote cities are easily affected by related cities. Moreover, there are four innovation cohesion subgroups, including the northern hinterland subgroup, the eastern coastal subgroup, the southern subgroup and the western cooperation subgroup. Furthermore, the results of the influencing factors analysis show the differences in administrative level, economic development level, openness to the outside world, and investment in technology are conducive to the innovation association between cities, while the similarities in spatial adjacency and industrial structure will promote the strong innovation association between cities.
Efficient parameter generation for constrained models using MCMC
Authors: Kravtsova Natalia , Chamberlin Helen M. , Dawes Adriana T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMathematical models of complex systems rely on parameter values to produce a desired behavior. As mathematical and computational models increase in complexity, it becomes correspondingly difficult to find parameter values that satisfy system constraints. We propose a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach for the problem of constrained model parameter generation by designing a Markov chain that efficiently explores a model’s parameter space. We demonstrate the use of our proposed methodology to analyze responses of a newly constructed bistability-constrained model of protein phosphorylation to perturbations in the underlying protein network. Our results suggest that parameter generation for constrained models using MCMC provides powerful tools for modeling-aided analysis of complex natural processes.
Cost-effectiveness of 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT versus CE-CT for response monitoring in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a register-based comparative study
Authors: Naghavi-Behzad Mohammad , Gerke Oke , Kodahl Annette Raskov , Vogsen Marianne , Asmussen Jon Thor , Weber Wolfgang , Hildebrandt Malene Grubbe , Kidholm Kristian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the cost-effectiveness of 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT compared to CE-CT for response monitoring in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. The study included 300 biopsy-verified MBC patients treated at Odense University Hospital (Denmark). CE-CT was used in 144 patients, 83 patients underwent 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT, and 73 patients received a combination of both. Hospital resource-based costs (2007–2019) were adjusted to the 2019 level. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated by comparing average costs per patient and gained survival with CE-CT. During a median follow-up of 33.0 months, patients in the 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT group had more short admissions (median 6 vs. 2) and fewer overnight admissions (5 vs. 12) compared to the CE-CT group. The mean total cost per patient was €91,547 for CE-CT, €83,965 for 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT, and €165,784 for the combined group. The ICER for 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT compared to CE-CT was €-527/month, indicating gaining an extra month of survival at a lower cost (€527). 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT was more cost-effective in patients with favorable prognostic factors (oligometastatic or estrogen receptor-positive disease), while CE-CT was more cost-effective in poor prognosis patients (liver/lung metastases or performance status ≥ 2 at baseline). In conclusion, our study suggests that 2-[18F]FDG-PET/CT is a cost-effective modality for response monitoring in metastatic breast cancer.
Impact of thyroid hormone replacement on the risk of second cancer after thyroidectomy: a Korean National Cohort Study
Authors: Ho Joon , Han Minkyung , Jung Inkyung , Jo Young Suk , Lee Jandee 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone administration on the risk of second primary cancer in patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Data were extracted from the medical billing data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea. Patients between 19 and 80 years old who underwent thyroid surgery at least once between January 2009 and June 2020 were included. Data of patients with second primary cancer and control patients with matched age, sex, operation date, and follow-up duration were extracted at a ratio of 1:4. A nested case–control analysis was performed to exclude length bias to confirm the correlation between the duration of thyroid hormone administration, dose, and incidence of second primary cancer. Of the 261,598 patients who underwent surgery for thyroid cancer included in the study, 11,790 with second primary cancer and 47,160 without second primary cancer were matched. The average dose of thyroid hormone increased the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for both low (≤ 50 μg, OR 1.29, confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.48) and high (< 100 μg, OR 1.24, CI 1.12–1.37) doses. Analyzing over time, the adjusted OR of second primary cancer increased, especially in short (≤ 1 year) (OR 1.19; CI 1.06–1.34) and long (> 5 years) duration (OR 1.25; CI 1.10–1.41). In conclusion, insufficient and excessive thyroid hormone replacement might be linked to increased second primary cancer in patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer.
Allee effects in an invasive social wasp: an experimental study in colonies of Vespula germanica
Authors: Melo Romina , Masciocchi Maité , Corley Juan C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAllee effects rely on the existence of mutually beneficial intraspecific interactions that increase individual fitness and per capita growth rate, as the number of individuals in a population or group increases. When the number of individuals falls below a given number, the success of a group or population drops. Social insects heavily rely on cooperation between individuals for various tasks such as foraging and breeding. In this study, we experimentally explored component Allee effects and the underlying mechanisms in colonies of the social wasp Vespula germanica. After the removal of workers, we counted the number of gynes produced, estimated the body mass index as a proxy of their quality, and registered the protein-food collected by foragers in colonies. Our research revealed a correlation between the decrease in worker population and a subsequent decrease in the production of gynes. However, the removal of workers did not impact the quality of the produced gynes or the quantity of protein-food collected by the colonies. These findings highlight the crucial role of the worker caste in the success of eusocial species and suggested an ability of workers to perform multiple tasks that enable colonies to respond to disturbances. Additionally, our study provides the first evidence of Allee effects at the colony level of V. germanica, with potential practical implications for managing this invasive species.
Inequity in mortality rates and potential years of life lost caused by COVID-19 in the Greater Santiago, Chile
Authors: Ayala Andrés , Vargas Claudio , Elorrieta Felipe , Villalobos Dintrans Pablo , Maddaleno Matilde 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that, in Chile, income inequality is relevant in explaining health inequities. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a negative impact, with higher mortality rates in those municipalities of Greater Santiago with lower socioeconomic status. We study inequity in mortality based on Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) in 34 urban municipalities of the Metropolitan Region (Greater Santiago) and analyze its evolution between 2018 and 2021 and by COVID-19 waves. To compare the results obtained for PYLL, we also computed the mortality rates adjusted by direct standardization. In addition, we used the concentration index (CI) to measure the health inequalities between municipalities. In the first year of the pandemic, the absolute PYLL and the standardized mortality rate for all causes of death showed an increase of 13.6% and 18.9%, respectively. Moreover, 409,086 years of life were prematurely lost in 2020, one-fifth of them due to COVID-19. The concentration indices confirm inequality in both mortality rates and PYLL, where it is more pronounced when calculating the latter measure. Results show that the deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic affected the most economically disadvantaged municipalities, and particularly young people in those places.