bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between particle‐size distribution by laser granulometry and image analysis by transmission electron microscopy in a soil clay fraction
Authors: Dur J. C. , Elsass F. , Chaplain V. , Tessier D. 
Published: March 2005

SummaryThe aim of this study was to validate the use of laser granulometry in studies concerning fractions < 2 µm in soils. The study was carried out on the clay fraction of a loamy soil from northeast Thailand. Granulometry by light scattering requires the determination of the refractive indexes of the solid phases. Once these values have been established, laser granulometry can provide a detailed description of the particle‐size distribution within the clay fractions. Laser granulometry showed a multimodal distribution in the clay fraction of this soil.The analysis of images obtained by transmission electron microscopy provided numerical distributions of soil particles, from which representations by surface area and by volume obtained by laser granulometry and by transmission electron microscopy could be compared. The representation of particle‐size distribution by surface area, assuming that particles are similar to circles, is adequate and, in this range of particle size, minimizes the effect of larger diameters. The representation of the particle‐size distribution assuming that particles are similar to platy discs is better than the current representation that assumes particles are similar to spheres. We used transmission electron microscopy to validate laser granulometry in the fractions < 2 µm.Elemental microanalysis was used to identify the mineralogy of the clay particles: illite, illite‐smectite and kaolinite at a magnification of 31 000, corresponding to the clay fraction < 0.8 µm of the particle‐size distribution. Quartz and illite were identified at a magnification of 3300, corresponding to the fraction between 0.8 and 2 µm. The mineral constituents of the soil are correlated with the modes of the particle‐size distribution.
Visualization of Helicobacter Species Within the Murine Cecal Mucosa Using Specific Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Chan Vivian , Crocetti Gregory , Grehan Martin , Zhang Li , Danon Stephen , Lee Adrian , Mitchell Hazel 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTBackground.  Members of the genus Helicobacter have been associated with colitis development in a number of immunodeficient animal models. While it is known that these organisms can initiate colitis development, the location and spatial distribution of these bacteria within the intestinal tract is currently unknown. In this study, we developed and optimized fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes specifically for Helicobacter species.Materials and Methods.  Based on 16S‐RNA gene alignments, two probes specific for the entire family Helicobacteraceae and two probes specific for Helicobacter ganmani and Helicobacter hepaticus were designed. Evaluation of these probes was determined using ATCC reference strains and cecum samples from ten IL‐10 knockout mice. The presence of Helicobacter species was determined using FISH and verified using PCR‐DGGE and microscopic examination of silver stained sections.Results.  Analysis of the ATCC reference strains revealed that the probes HEL274/HEL717 were specific for the family Helicobacteraceae, while HEP642 was specific for H. hepaticus and GAN1237 for H. ganmani. Using these probes, a pattern of spatial localization of the two different Helicobacter species was observed in the cecum tissues of IL‐10 knockout mice. This consistently showed that H. ganmani was localized to the lower regions and H. hepaticus to the mid‐upper regions of the crypts.Conclusion.  We have developed FISH probes specific for the family Helicobacteraceae as well as two individual Helicobacter species. This study will allow the future use of the FISH to better understand host‐pathogen interactions in vitro.
Comparative study of eye defective worm ‘menashi’ and regenerating wild‐type in planarian, Dugesia ryukyuensis
Authors: Sato Yukiko , Kobayashi Kazuya , Matsumoto Midori , Hoshi Motonori , Negishi Sumiko 
Published: March 2005

SummaryInbreeding of the sexualized planarian, Dugesia ryukyuensis, produces eye‐defective worms, menashi, in the F1 population. To study the effects of this mutation on the eye, we observed the eye‐region of menashi using electron microscopy and compared it with the regenerating eye in wild‐type worms. The intact eye of wild‐type planarians consisted of a few pigment cells and a number of visual cells. Pigment cells containing spherically‐shaped electron‐dense melanosomes contacted each other and enclosed rhabdomes of visual cells. Rhabdomes had numerous tubular microvilli extending radially and touching the pigment cells. However, in menashi, various lengths of tubular microvilli were irregularly distributed near the pigment cells, which contained numerous electron‐lucent premelanosomes, and no adhesive structures were found between the pigment cells. The premelanosomes of menashi were equal in size to those seen after 2 days of regeneration in wild‐type planarians and were similar in maturation to those found after 3 days of regeneration in wild‐type planarian. These results suggest that menashi is defective in the mechanism(s) of developing pigment granules and constructing visual cells. These findings also suggest that pigment cells in menashi are defective in the mechanism(s) involved with cell adhesion.
Climatic Impact of Vegetation Change in the Asian Tropical Region. Part II: Case of the Northern Hemisphere Winter and Impact on the Extratropical Circulation
Authors: Mabuchi Kazuo , Sato Yasuo , Kida Hideji 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Several numerical simulations were performed, using a global climate model that includes a realistic land surface model, to investigate the impact of Asian tropical vegetation changes on the climate. The control simulation, under conditions of the actual vegetation, and three vegetation-change impact experiments were performed. The horizontal resolution of the model used in these simulations was finer than those of the models used in previous vegetation-change impact studies. In Part I, which is a companion of this paper, the results of the Northern Hemisphere summer June–July–August (JJA) case were described. In the present paper, the results of the analysis concern the Northern Hemisphere winter; that is, the December–January–February (DJF) case are discussed as Part II.
It was clarified, from the results of the bare soil and C4 grass experiments, that the decrease in the roughness length, and from the results of the green-less experiment, that the decrease in the latent heat flux exert strong influences on horizontal and convective atmospheric circulations and the distribution of precipitation. Other energy and water balances at the land surface are also significantly influenced by the vegetation changes.
The vegetation changes were implemented only in the Asian tropical region. There were, however, possible influences of the vegetation change on the midlatitude atmospheric circulation. It was considered that the vegetation changes from the forest type to grassland or bare soil induced modifications in the Hadley and Walker circulations. In particular, the divergence/convergence anomaly pattern that appeared at the upper-atmospheric level in the C4 grass experiment was very similar to that of an ENSO event. The height anomalies at the 500-hPa level were also similar to those found in an ENSO event. The possibility exists that the deforestation of the Asian tropical region could induce similar teleconnections as those associated with ENSO events.
Northeast Atlantic and North Sea Storminess as Simulated by a Regional Climate Model during 1958–2001 and Comparison with Observations
Authors: Weisse Ralf , von Storch Hans , Feser Frauke 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
An analysis of the storm climate of the northeast Atlantic and the North Sea as simulated by a regional climate model for the past 44 yr is presented. The model simulates the period 1958–2001 driven by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis. Comparison with observations shows that the model is capable of reproducing impact-related storm indices such as the number of severe and moderate storms per year or the total number of storms and upper intra-annual percentiles of near-surface wind speed. The indices describe both the year-to-year variability of the frequency, as well as changes in the average intensity of storm events. Analysis of these indices reveals that the average number of storms per year has increased near the exit of the North Atlantic storm track and over the southern North Sea since the beginning of the simulation period (1958), but the increase has attenuated later over the North Sea and the average number of storms per year has been decreasing over the northeast Atlantic since about 1990–95. The frequency of the most severe storms follows a similar pattern over the northeast North Atlantic while too few severe storms occurred in other areas of the model domain, preventing a statistical analysis for these areas.
Molecular mechanisms in uterine epithelium during trophoblast binding: the role of small GTPase RhoA in human uterine Ishikawa cells
Authors: Heneweer Carola , Schmidt Martina , Denker Hans-Werner , Thie Michael 
Published: March 2005

Abstract

Background

Embryo implantation requires that uterine epithelium develops competence to bind trophoblast to its apical (free) poles. This essential element of uterine receptivity seems to depend on a destabilisation of the apico-basal polarity of endometrial epithelium. Accordingly, a reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton regulated by the small GTPase RhoA plays an important role in human uterine epithelial RL95-2 cells for binding of human trophoblastoid JAR cells. We now obtained new insight into trophoblast binding using human uterine epithelial Ishikawa cells.

Methods

Polarity of Ishikawa cells was investigated by electron microscopy, apical adhesiveness was tested by adhesion assay. Analyses of subcellular distribution of filamentous actin (F-actin) and RhoA in apical and basal cell poles were performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with and without binding of JAR spheroids as well as with and without inhibition of small Rho GTPases by Clostridium difficile toxin A (toxin A). In the latter case, subcellular distribution of RhoA was additionally investigated by Western blotting.

Results

Ishikawa cells express apical adhesiveness for JAR spheroids and moderate apico-basal polarity. Without contact to JAR spheroids, significantly higher signalling intensities of F-actin and RhoA were found at the basal as compared to the apical poles in Ishikawa cells. RhoA was equally distributed between the membrane fraction and the cytosol fraction. Levels of F-actin and RhoA signals became equalised in the apical and basal regions upon contact to JAR spheroids. After inhibition of Rho GTPases, Ishikawa cells remained adhesive for JAR spheroids, the gradient of fluorescence signals of F-actin and RhoA was maintained while the amount of RhoA was reduced in the cytosolic fraction with a comparable increase in the membrane fraction.

Conclusion

Ishikawa cells respond to JAR contact as well as to treatment with toxin A with rearrangement of F-actin and small GTPase RhoA but seem to be able to modify signalling pathways in a way not elucidated so far in endometrial cells. This ability may be linked to the degree of polar organisation observed in Ishikawa cells indicating an essential role of cell phenotype modification in apical adhesiveness of uterine epithelium for trophoblast in vivo.
Measurement of Wood Wettability by the Wilhelmy Method. Part 2. Determination of Apparent Contact Angles
Authors: Wålinder M.E.P. , Ström G. 
Published: March 2005

Summary
This work focuses on the determination of apparent contact angles on wood by the Wilhelmy method.
In this method, the force acting on an object is measured during a test cycle involving immersion in and
withdrawal from a probe liquid. Fresh and aged veneers of extracted and non-extracted heart- and sapwood
of pine were investigated. The results indicate that wicking of the probe liquids, into and along the
porous wood veneers, occurs during the test cycles and that this strongly affects the determination of
contact angles. It is suggested that two different wicking phenomena occur. First, when the veneer contacts
the liquid, an instantaneous ‘initial wicking’ occurs. It is suggested that this initial wicking is influenced
primarily by the liquid density and structural properties of the specimen (such as porosity and surface
roughness), and not by surface energetics. An initial wicking constant was therefore estimated for
the different veneer samples based on measurements in octane. Second, after the initial wicking, a continuing
‘secondary wicking’ is observed. In some cases, this may result in zero contact angle after a certain
immersion depth. Contact angles should, therefore, be estimated from the initial part of the immersion,
where the secondary wicking can be neglected. This may also reduce any contamination of the
probe liquids by extractives. The Wilhelmy method seems to be a valuable tool for estimating the wetting
properties of wood, permitting reproducible measurements of apparent contact angles provided that
there is efficient control of wicking and contamination effects.
Schwingungsmessung und -analyse mit Digital-Shearografie (Vibration Measurement and Analysis using Digital Shearography)
Authors: Steinchen Wolfgang , Gan Yimin , Kupfer Gerhard , Mäckel Peter 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Eine der effektivsten Anwendungen der shearografischen Interferometrie ist die Ermittlung, Sichtbarmachung und Messung mechanischer Schwingungen von undurchsichtigen Objekten. Dafür wird als häufigste Methode die Zeitmittelungs-Shearografie zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung (NDT) und qualitativen Schwingungsanalyse eingesetzt. Der Amplitudengradient kann durch die Änderung des Shearabstandes bestimmt werden. Die Streifen, die bei sinusförmiger Schwingung durch die Zeitmittelungs-Shearografie aufgezeichnet werden, werden durch die Besselfunktion J0
2 beschrieben. Etwas verschwommene Streifen auf der Oberfläche des schwingenden Objekts werden nach einer FFT-Filterung klarer. Die zahlenmäßige Auswertung von Schwingungen erfordert eine genauere Analyse. Für die Bestimmung der relativen Schwingungsphase und -amplitude in jedem Punkt der Objektoberfläche wird eine stroboskopische Methode eingesetzt, wofür allerdings ein komplexerer optischer Aufbau und eine passende Software nötig sind. Allerdings ist die Aufzeichnung von harmonischen Schwingungen mittels Doppel-Puls-Laser [1; 2] technisch noch aufwändiger und kostenintensiver.
Reconstructing the behaviors of extinct species: An excursion into comparative paleoneurology
Authors: Rogers Scott W. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHow can the behavior of an extinct species be reconstructed—say a dinosaur such as Allosaurus? Despite the relatively abundant fossilized remains of this and other dinosaurs, the incompleteness of the fossil record has permitted room for considerable speculation, mythology, and perhaps a bit of unsettling reflection on what factors contributed to the eventual fate of these remarkably successful animals. Among the speculations is how these ‘bigger‐than‐life’ creatures behaved, a topic that itself can attain equal diversity and grandeur. With recent advancements in measuring the relatedness of living organisms, how genetics contribute to brain development and how this relates to behavior, combined with the availability of newly discovered high quality fossils and imaging methods to exploit their secrets, novel insights into how extinct creatures such as Allosaurus intermingled with its many relatives over 100 million years ago are beginning to emerge. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rectorite/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. II. Improvement of thermal and oil‐resistant properties
Authors: Ma Xiaoyan , Lu Haijun , Lian Guozhengg , Zhao Jingchan , Lu Tingli 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOrgan‐rectorite/thermoplastic polyurethane (OREC/TPUR) nanocomposites were synthesized via melt intercalation. The dynamic mechanical properties by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal and oil‐resistant properties were investigated. The results show that the storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites have an increase to some extent than those of pure TPUR. The thermal stability of nanocomposites was also studied in detail by thermal gravity analysis (TGA), which was higher than that of pristine TPUR matrix when the content of organic REC is at 2 wt %, and the decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss of OREC/TPUR is greatly increased up to 330°C from 315°C. Oil uptake of the composites is also significantly reduced in comparison with TPUR matrix, which is ascribed to the good barrier effect of nanosheets of OREC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1165–1169, 2005
Mechanical properties and applications for floor tiles of a composite from clay and maleated polyethylene
Authors: Otsuki Toshi , Qiu Wulin , Hirotsu Takahiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNew composites were prepared from dried waste mud containing clay (Clay) and maleated polyethylene (MPE) by melt mixing. Scanning electron microscopy showed strong adhesion of MPE to Clay in the MPE–Clay composite, and this was probably due to the increased compatibility between MPE and Clay. With an increase in the Clay concentration to 60 wt %, the tensile strength of the MPE–Clay composite increased. Furthermore, the smaller elongation of the MPE–Clay composite indicated effective transfer of the high tensile strength of Clay to the MPE matrix through the strong adhesion between Clay and MPE. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1176–1182, 2005
Fabrication of calcium sulfate/PLLA composite for bone repair
Authors: Gao Chunjuan , Gao Jianping , You Xiudong , Huo Shujuan , Li Xiulan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Wenhai 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe bone‐repairing composite material CS/PLLA was fabricated by mixing poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH). The structure of the composite was analyzed with Infrared spectroscope, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the crystal pattern of calcium sulfate was affected by the addition of PLLA. PLLA part impacted the development of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) crystal by slowing the conversion from CSH to CSD, so the composites are actually composed of CSH, CSD, and PLLA. The absorbing test in vitro showed that CS/PLLA composite absorbed more slowly than pure CS, suggesting the addition of PLLA can adjust the absorption rate of CS to meet different requirements. The pH value changes of the media had similar trends for different composites during the absorbing test of CS/PLLA samples in aqueous medium, which was connected to the absorption of calcium sulfate. The absorption of calcium sulfate in a certain time left a porous PLLA scaffold that will enable cells to further grow in. The surface of CS/PLLA pellets was inoculated with human osteoblasts, and the primary results showed that the osteoblasts could attach and spread on the surface, which will stimulate our desire for further study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 244–253, 2005
Large quartic groups on translation planes, II—Even order: Characterization of the Ott‐Schaeffer planes
Authors: Biliotti Mauro , Jha Vikram , Johnson Norman L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA general theory of collineation groups generated by quartic groups of even order is considered. Applications are given to collineation groups generated by ‘large’ quartic groups. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 13: 195–210, 2005.
Improved mass transfer and biodegradation rates of naphthalene particles using a novel bead mill bioreactor
Authors: Riess Ryan , Nemati Mehdi , Headley John , Hill Gordon 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOne of the main challenges in the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in controlled bioreactors is the hydrophobicity and low solubility of these compounds in the aqueous phase, resulting in appreciable mass transfer limitations within the bioreactor. To address this challenge, we have developed a modified roller bioreactor (Bead Mill Bioreactor) in which inert particles are used to improve mass transfer from the solid phase to the aqueous phase. Experimental results with naphthalene as a model PAH and Pseudomonas putida as a candidate bacterium indicate that both the mass transfer rate from the solid phase to liquid phase and the biodegradation rate in the Bead Mill Bioreactor (BMB) were significantly higher than those in a conventional roller bioreactor (20‐fold and 5.5‐fold, respectively). The enhancement of mass transfer was dependent on the type, size and volumetric loading of the inert particles, as well as concentration of particulate naphthalene. The highest mass transfer coefficient (kLa = 2.1 h−1) was achieved with 3 mm glass beads at a volumetric loading of 50% (particle volume/working volume) with 10 000 mg dm−3 particulate naphthalene. The maximum biodegradation rate of naphthalene attained in the bead mill bioreactor (59.2 mg dm−3 h−1 based on the working volume and 118.4 mg dm−3 h−1 based on the liquid volume) surpasses most other rates published in the literature and is equivalent to values reported for more complex bioreaction systems. The bead mill bioreactor developed in the present work not only enjoys a simple design but shows excellent performance for treatment of PAHs suspended in an aqueous phase. This fundamental information will be of significant value for future studies involving soil‐bound PAHs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalytic reduction of N2O with CH4 and C3H6 over Ag–Rh/Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst in the presence of oxygen
Authors: Tzitzios VK , Georgakilas V , Angelidis TN 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA study of nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction with methane (CH4) and propene (C3H6) in the presence of oxygen (5%) over Ag/Al2O3, Rh/Al2O3 and Ag–Rh/Al2O3 catalysts, with Ag and Rh loadings of 5 wt% and 0.05 wt% respectively, has been performed. From the results, it was observed that the Ag–Rh bimetallic catalyst was the most active for both nitrous oxide removal (more than 95%) and hydrocarbon oxidation. This high activity seems to be connected with a synergistic effect between Ag and Rh. The findings from X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed also, that there were no strong interactions (eg alloying) between Ag and Rh. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple small doses of levodopa plus entacapone produce continuous dopaminergic stimulation and reduce dyskinesia induction in MPTP‐treated drug‐naïve primates
Authors: Smith Lance A. , Jackson Michael J. , Al‐Barghouthy Ghassan , Rose Sarah , Kuoppamaki Mikko , Olanow C. Warren , Jenner Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers has been published in Movement Disorders 2005;20(3)306–314.