bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of force parameters of workpiece machining process with end mill cutters
Authors: Lekveishvili M. A. , Lyukhter A. B. , Davydov N. N. 
Published: January 2024

The aim is to develop and validate an operational methodology for calculating the force parameters and characteristics of the tool and the process of milling structural materials with end milling cutters. The structural schemes of machining and force models of oblique cutting processes in the modes of axial tool feed and continuous plastic deformation of the processed material were used when developing the method of preliminary calculation of the total axial force working on the cutting edge of end milling cutters. The rotating tool tests were conducted on a Hermle UWF 1202 H 3-axis machining center supplemented with a Kistler piezoelectric dynamometer (model 9272). Authors suggested, developed and tested the preliminary calculation method applied to the force characteristics of the machining process of workpieces by end milling cutters, considering how the energy power of ductile fracture of the machined material affects the process. Contact friction arising on the front and rear surfaces of the cutting tool does not reach the limiting value being subject to the Coulomb – Amonton law, that is, it is estimated by the dependence directly proportional to the normal pressure. After calculations, we defined the materials of the workpiece for milling, that is 45 steel (AISI 1045), and the end two-tooth cutter, uncoated T14K8 alloy, which was used to produce samples. The following milling modes were established: 4 mm boring depth; 50, 100 and 150 m/min cutting speeds; 0.05 and 0.1 mm/rev cutting tool feed. Deviation of the measured values of axial cutting force from the calculated values in the range of changing values of tool feed rate was found to be no more than 11%, and in the range of changing values of cutting speed no more than 15%. The developed calculation and analytical methodology for estimating force parameters of the machining process by end milling cutters provides an increase in the efficiency and reliability of the preliminary prognostic calculation of operating parameters and characteristics of cutting elements of end milling cutters.
Automated assembly of products by a robot-manipulator with dynamometric control of screw joint tightening
Authors: Pikalov Ya. Yu. , Shtabel N. V. , Brungardt M. V. , Tkachev S. B. 
Published: January 2024

In this work, we develop a conceptual scheme for a robotic complex to perform the installation of parts and their fastening using threaded joints by a robot manipulator. A test bench was created on the basis of a KUKA KR6 R900 industrial robot-manipulator. The robot control software was implemented using the KUKA Robot Language. The proposed actuators are the authors' original development. Two variants of the actuator with screw tightening control are proposed. The first actuating device uses the rotational motion of the robot hand flange to tighten the screws. The second actuating device is equipped, on one side, with a gripper for mounting parts on the product and, on the other side, with a drive tool with a predetermined tightening torque limit. It is shown that both actuating devices ensure a complete cycle of screwing a fastener into a workpiece, from engaging to tightening with the required torque. In the first device, the tightening force is controlled with a strain gauge, the signal from which is processed by an Arduino Mini microcontroller located in a rotating device. The signal is forwarded wirelessly to a stationary controller that sends a stop signal to the robot. It was experimentally established that, due to the presence of the wireless interface, some delay is observed between reaching the torque limit value and stopping the robot rotation during signal transmission. As a result, the value of the actually reached torque may exceed the set value by 60%. In the second device, where torque limitation is based on the current in the drive motor, the absolute error of the torque setting does not exceed 0.8 N·m in the range from 0 to 25 N·m or 3.03% (the error of standard torque wrenches is about 4%). In order to meet the requirements of state-of-the-art cyber-physical production systems, the proposed complex should be complemented with intelligent functions of controlling the process of tightening screw joints on the basis of machine learning methods.
Review of methods for modeling and control of cyber-physical systems in multi-energy microgrids
Authors: Tomin N. V. , Domyshev A. V. , Barakhtenko E. A. , Shakirov V. A. , Kozlov A. N. , Sosnovsky I. K. , Liu Fang , Sidorov D. N. 
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the development of methods for modeling and control of multi-energy microgrids through cyber-physical systems. We used the methods of literature review and meta-analysis based on publications from international databases Scopus and Web of Science, Russian database eLibrary, digital platform IEEEXplore et al. According to the analysis, Smart Grid implementation drives the development of cyber-physical systems. As summarized in this study, control interfaces, data transmission channels, and remote debugging ports are vulnerable parts of IoT devices that can possibly be attacked by intruders. A review of the recent publications in this field finds multi-agent technologies to be an effective approach not only for the operational control of multi-energy microgrid modes, but also for the construction of its reliable information network at the level of medium and low voltage systems. In the field of distributed energy systems, literature review of information technology indicates that the more capabilities are added to receive and process various kinds of information (transaction data, mode parameters, status of controllers, etc.) from external sources, the more vulnerable a multi-energy microgrid is to any cyber threats. Modern mathematical methods such as artificial intelligence, dynamic optimization, and multi-agent approaches should be used to effectively solve the problem of load distribution between different energy sources with cost minimization.
Reducing the environmental impact of aluminum production through the use of petroleum pitch
Authors: Nemchinova N. V. , Konovalov N. P. , Konovalov P. N. , Doshlov I. O. 
Published: January 2024

This study is aimed at developing a technology for obtaining petroleum pitch as a binder for anode mass used in the electrolytic production of aluminum from fuel oils of catalytic liquid-phase oxidative oil cracking. A review of published data on the existing methods for obtaining petroleum pitch and its properties is carried out in order to define research directions. A method for producing petroleum pitch by catalytic liquid-phase oxidative cracking of crude oil using heterogeneous metal complex catalysts is proposed. The process of petroleum pitch production is shown to undergo several stages, including homogenization of fuel oil and modifying additives; oxidative cracking of fuel oil during heating of homogenized fuel oil in a furnace; catalytic liquid-phase oxidative cracking of fuel oil with removal of distillates; rectification of light fractions; condensation of distillates; collection of light oil products; oxidation of bottom residues by air and steam; removal of oxidation distillates and petroleum pitch; and pitch pelletizing. According to the conducted comparison of the as-obtained petroleum pitch with the B-1 coal tar pitch produced by the Altai Koks JSC, the proposed material meets the technological requirements of the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant of the RUSAL company. In terms of sulfur content, the proposed petroleum pitch is superior to coal tar pitch. The experiments conducted at an aluminum plant showed the petroleum pitch to contain no harmful polyaromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, carcinogenic benz(a)pyrene. Therefore, replacement of coal tar pitch with petroleum pitch could provide technological and environmental advantages for primary aluminum producers, as well as for enterprises producing various carbon materials.
Risk factors for dental caries: A case study in peatlands and non-peatlands of West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Rezki Sri , Sunardi Sunardi , Aripin Dudi , Khayan Khayan , Pawarti Pawarti , Noeriman Aisya Rezki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The prevalence of dental caries in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan require preventive acts based on its natural conditions and the behavior of local communities. The objective was to analyse risk factors for dental caries in communities living in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan. The research is a causal comparative study with cross-sectional approach. The samples were chosen by purposive sampling technique among adolescents aged 17–27 years, who were domiciled in Pontianak City (peatland) and Bengkayang (non-peatland) all their lives. The results showed that dental caries is significantly correlated with debris in peatlands (rs = 0.289). On non-peatlands, dental caries is correlated with drinking water phosphate (rs = 0.313) and calculus (rs = 0.034). In West Kalimantan, dental caries is significantly correlated with drinking water minerals (fluoride rs = −0.243; phosphate rs = 0.260), drinking water pH (rs = 0.235), behavior (rs = −0.327), and debris (rs = 0.240). The risk factors for dental caries in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan are pH and drinking water minerals (fluoride and calcium), debris, calculus, and behavior.
Resveratrol Enhances Anticancer Effects of Silybin on HepG2 Cells and H22 Tumor-bearing Mice via Inducing G2/M Phase Arrest and Increasing Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio
Authors: Guo Ailing , Chang Yuexing , Lin Junjie , Guo Jia , He Yu , Wang Ce , Wu Zhihuan , Xing Yingru , Jin Feng , Deng Yun 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Silybin, a major flavonoid extracted from the seeds of milk thistle, has a
strong hepatoprotective but weak anti-hepatoma activity. Screening another natural ingredient
and combining it with silybin is expected to improve the anti-hepatoma efficacy of silybin.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic anti-hepatoma effect of
resveratrol and silybin on HepG2 cells and H22 tumor-bearing mice in hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) in vitro and in vivo, respectively.

Methods:
Cell viability, scratch wound, clone formation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and western
blot analysis of HepG2 cells were used to investigate the synergistic effects in vitro of the combination
resveratrol with silybin. Growth rates, tumor weights, organ indexes, and histological
pathological examination in H22 tumor-bearing mice were used to investigate the synergistic effects
in vivo.

Results:
The combination of resveratrol (50 μg/mL) and silybin (100 μg/mL) significantly suppressed
cell viability, whose combination index (CI) was 1.63 (>1.15), indicating the best synergism.
The combination exhibited the synergistic effect in blocking the migration and proliferative
capacity of HepG2 cells in the measurement in vitro. In particular, resveratrol enhanced the
upregulation of Bcl-2 expression and the downregulation of Bax expression with a concurrent
increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The combination of resveratrol (50 mg/kg) and silybin (100
mg/kg) reduced the tumor weight, inhibited the growth rate, increased the organ indexes, and destroyed
the tumor tissue morphology in H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Conclusion:
Resveratrol was found to exhibit synergistic anti-cancer effects with silybin on
HepG2 cells and H22 tumor-bearing mice.
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi Stem and Leaf Flavonoids Ameliorate the Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats Induced by Okadaic Acid
Authors: Ma Shuai , Xu Cong-Cong , Dong Yong-Cai , Li Cai-Xia , Shang Ya-Zhen 
Published: January 2024

Aim:
The objective of this study is to explore the impact and underlying mechanism of
S. baicalensis Georgi stem and leaf flavonoids (SSFs) on cognitive impairment caused by
intracerebroventricular injection of okadaic acid (OA) in rats.

Methods:
An experimental model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was induced in rats by intracerebroventricular
injection of OA, resulting in memory impairment. The Morris water maze test was employed to
confirm the successful establishment of the memory impairment model. The rats that exhibited significant
memory impairment were randomly divided into different groups, including a model group, three
SSFs dose groups (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and a positive control group treated with Ginkgo biloba
tablets (GLT) at a dose of 200 mg/kg. To evaluate the learning and memory abilities of the rats, the
Morris water maze test was conducted. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe any
morphological changes in neurons. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to measure the expression
of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) protein. Western blotting (WB) was utilized to assess the
phosphorylation levels of tau protein at Ser262 and Ser396. The activities of inducible nitric oxide
synthase (iNOS) and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) were quantified using ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
The levels of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured using ELISA.

Results:
In rats, the administration of OA via intracerebroventricular injection resulted in cognitive
impairment, neuropathological changes, and alterations in protein expression and activity
levels. Specifically, the protein expression of ChAT was significantly reduced (P<0.01), while
the phosphorylation levels of tau protein at Ser262 and Ser396 were significantly increased
(P<0.01). Moreover, iNOS activity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex exhibited a significant
increase (P<0.01), whereas cNOS activity showed a decrease (P<0.05). Furthermore, the levels of
IL-1β and TNF-α in the cerebral cortex were elevated (P<0.01), while the level of IL-6 was decreased
(P<0.05). The administration of three doses of SSFs and GLT to rats exhibited varying
degrees of improvement in the aforementioned pathological alterations induced by OA.

Conclusion:
SSFs demonstrated the ability to enhance cognitive function and mitigate memory
deficits in rats following intracerebroventricular injection of OA. This beneficial effect may be
attributed to the modulation of ChAT protein expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, NOS activity,
and inflammatory cytokine levels by SSFs.
Novel Products as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Angiogenesis Inhibition
Authors: Sultana Shaheen , Sultana Shahnaz , Najib Ullah Shehla Nasar Mir , Zafar Ameeduzzafar 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing
vessels and occurs during development, wound healing, and tumor growth. In this review, we aimed
to present a comprehensive view of various factors contributing to angiogenesis during carcinogenesis.
Anti-angiogenesis agents prevent or slow down cancer growth by interrupting the nutrients and
blood supply to the tumor cells, and thus can prove beneficial for treatment.

Method:
The discovery of several novel angiogenic inhibitors has helped to reduce both morbidity
and mortality from several life-threatening diseases, such as carcinomas. There is an urgent need for
a new comprehensive treatment strategy combining novel anti-angiogenic agents for the control of
cancer. The article contains details of various angiogenic inhibitors that have been adopted by scientists
to formulate and optimize such systems in order to make them suitable for cancer.

Results:
The results of several researches have been summarized in the article and all of the data
support the claim that anti-angiogenic agent is beneficial for cancer treatment.

Conclusion:
This review focuses on novel antiangiogenic agents that play a crucial role in controlling
carcinogenesis.
3D and 2D-QSAR Studies on Natural Flavonoids for Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Wang Chunqiang , Fan Yuzhu , Pei Minfan , Yan Chaoqun , Liang Taigang 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Nitric oxide (NO), an important second messenger molecule, regulates numerous
physiological responses, while excessive NO generates negative effects on the circulatory,
nervous and immune systems. Recently, some natural flavonoids were reported to possess the capability
of inhibiting LPS-induced NO production. To fully understand the nature of their own NO
inhibitory activity, it is necessary to address the structural requirements of flavonoids as NO inhibitors.

Objective:
The objective of this work was to develop efficient QSAR models for predicting the NOinhibitory
activity of new flavonoids and improving insights into the critical properties of the chemical
structures that were required for the ideal NO production inhibitory activities.

Methods:
To provide insights into the structural basis of flavonoids as NO inhibitors, 3D quantitative
structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and 2D-QSAR models were developed on a dataset of 55
flavonoids using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity
indices analysis (CoMSIA) and hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) approaches.

Results:
The statistically significant models for CoMFA, CoMSIA and HQSAR resulted in crossvalidated
coefficient (q2) values of 0.523, 0.572 and 0.639, non-cross-validated coefficient (r2) values
of 0.793, 0.828 and 0.852, respectively. The robustness of these models was further affirmed
using a test set of 18 compounds, which resulted in predictive correlation coefficients (r2
pred) of 0.968,
0.954 and 0.906. Furthermore, the models-derived contour maps were appraised for activity trends
for the molecules analyzed.

Conclusion:
The 3D and 2D-QSAR models constructed in this paper were efficient in estimating the
NO inhibitory activities of flavonoids and facilitating the design of flavonoid-derived NO production
inhibitors.
Genetic Determinants of Response to Statins in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Ghorbannezhad Ghazaleh , Mehrabadi Shima , Golampour-Shamkani Negar , Barjasteh Amirhossein , Etesamizadeh Poorya , Tayyebi Mohammad , Khazaei Majid , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A , Avan Amir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Despite extensive efforts to identify patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who
could most benefit from the treatment approach, patients vary in their benefit from therapy and
propensity for adverse drug events. Genetic variability in individual responses to drugs (pharmacogenetics) is considered an essential determinant in responding to a drug. Thus, understanding these pharmacogenomic relationships has led to a substantial focus on mechanisms of disease and drug response. In turn, understanding the genomic and molecular bases of variables that
might be involved in drug response is the main step in personalized medicine. There is a growing
body of data evaluating drug-gene interactions in recent years, some of which have led to FDA
recommendations and detection of markers to predict drug responses (e.g., genetic variant in
VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes for prediction of drug response in warfarin treatment). Also,
statins are widely prescribed drugs for the prevention of CVD. Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin are the most common statins used to manage dyslipidemia. This
review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the pharmacogenetics of statins, which
are being used to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Imaging Features and Misdiagnosis of Giant Cerebral Cavernous
Malformations
Authors: Xiao Mengqiang , Zhang Meng , Lei Min , Lin Fenghuan , Chen Yanxia , Liu Jingfeng , Chen Jun , Luo Nianyuan 
Published: January 2024

Background:
While cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) have been extensively described, few reports have described the imaging appearance of giant
CCMs (GCCMs).

Objective:
To describe the imaging characteristics of GCCMs and study the reasons for preoperative misdiagnosis.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 12 patients (5 men, 7 women; mean age, 35.23 ± 12.64 years) with histopathologically confirmed GCCMs.
Two radiologists analyzed the CT (n = 12) and MRI (n = 10) features: location, number, size, shape, boundary, signal intensity, and enhancement.

Results:
The sellar region, cerebral hemisphere, skull bone, and ventricle were involved in 5, 4, 2, and 1 patients, respectively. Three tumors were
irregularly shaped, while nine were oval. Eleven lesions showed slightly high- and/or high-density on CT; 1 lesion appeared as a low-density cyst.
Calcifications were found in 11 lesions. Four tumors showed uniform hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and hyperintense signals on
T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Six tumors showed mixed low-, equal-, and high-intensity signals on T1WI and T2WI. Noticeable contrast
enhancement and gradual strengthening were noted on T1WI. Ten lesions showed hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition. The GCCMs were
wrongly diagnosed as cartilage-derived tumors/ meningioma (3 patients); tumor and hematoma (2 patients each); and pituitary tumor/ meningioma,
chondroma, chordoma, ependymoma, and macroadenoma (1 patient each).

Conclusions:
GCCMs present as an oval mass with slightly high- and/or high-density calcifications on CT and show hemorrhage and hemosiderin accumulation
on MRI. Therefore, slightly high- and/or high-density calcification and hemosiderin accumulation are critical clinical characteristics of GCCMs
The Evolution of Medical Imaging in the Therapeutics of Patients with Skin
Cancer
Authors: Brar Khushmeen Kaur , Shiney O Jeba , Goyal Bhawna , Dogra Ayush 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Medical imaging mechanization has reformed medical management, empowering doctors to recognize cancer prematurely and promote patient
outcomes. Imaging tests are of significant influence in the detection and supervision of cancer patients. Cancer recognition generally necessitates
imaging studies that, in most instances, utilize a trivial amount of radiation. Methodologies such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) are predominant in clinical managerial, incorporating remedy and research

Background:
Over recent years, diagnostic imaging has progressed from a state of commencement to an advanced level. Numerous modern imaging procedures
have evolved. Although contemporary medical imaging comprises image exhibition together with image refining, computer-aided diagnosis
(CAD), image inscribing and conserving, and image transference, the majority of which are embraced in picture documentation and
communication processes.

Aim:
This review targets to encapsulate toxicology information on skin cancer unpredictability essential to interpretation measures, report important
factor that helps in defining skin cancer condition, and possible medical care alternatives or medical attention endorsed referring to diverse aspects
involving the size and site of malignancy, the complications, patient’s priority and well being. We concisely review various therapy alternatives,
methods of radiation autoimmunity, prime observational study designs of medical and distinct radiation resources and cancer risks, and current
analysis methodologies and research precision.

Conclusion:
The detail of this paper covers a brief review of research and evolution in medical imaging discipline and mechanism. This review considers the
physiology of melanocytes and the pathogenesis of skin cancer using medical imaging. Also, a description of risk factors, prevention methods,
screening, various diagnosis methods and different stages of skin cancer, sub-types and different types of treatment methods is provided in this
paper for research and development.