bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iteration model of starch hydrolysis by amylolytic enzymes
Authors: Wojciechowski Piotr M. , Koziol Antoni , Noworyta Andrzej 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn elaborate computer program to simulate the process of starch hydrolysis by amylolytic enzymes was been developed. It is based on the Monte Carlo method and iteration kinetic model, which predict productive and non‐productive amylase complexes with substrates. It describes both multienzymatic and multisubstrate reactions simulating the “real” concentrations of all components versus the time of the depolymerization reaction the number of substrates, intermediate products, and final products are limited only by computer memory. In this work, it is assumed that the “proper” substrate for amylases is the glucoside linkages in starch molecules. Dynamic changes of substrate during the simulation adequately influence the increase or decrease of reaction velocity, as well as the kinetics of depolymerization. The presented kinetic model, can be adapted to describe most enzymatic degradations of a polymer. This computer program has been tested on experimental data obtained for α‐ and β‐amylases. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 530–539, 2001.
Glycogen metabolism in aerobic mixed cultures
Authors: Dircks K. , Beun J. J. , van Loosdrecht M. , Heijnen J. J. , Henze M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the metabolism of glycogen storage and consumption in mixed cultures under aerobic conditions is described. The experimental results are used to calibrate a metabolic model, which as sole stoichiometric variables has the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (δ) and maintenance requirement in units of adenosine triphosphate (mATP). Using the experimental data and values from the literature we show that δ and mATP are strongly coupled and that the values determined for glycogen and poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) metabolism are similar. We also demonstrate that storage of glycogen and subsequent growth occur without significant loss of energy, as compared with direct growth on glucose. For kinetic modeling, Monod kinetics is used most commonly in activated sludge models to describe the rate of microbial transformation. Monod kinetics, however, does not provide a good description of the data obtained. Second‐order kinetics gives a better description of the rate of glycogen degradation. Formation and consumption of glycogen appears to be much faster than for PHB. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 85–94, 2001.
Clinical anatomy research in a research‐driven anatomy department
Authors: Jones D.G. , Dias G.J. , Mercer S. , Zhang M. , Nicholson H.D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClinical anatomy is too often viewed as a discipline that reiterates the wisdom of the past, characterized more by description of what is known than by active investigation and critical analysis of hypotheses and ideas. Various misconceptions follow from an acceptance of this premise: the teaching of clinical anatomists is textbook based, there is no clinical anatomy research worthy of the name, and any research that does exist fails to utilize modern technology and does not stand comparison with serious biomedical research as found in cell and molecular biology. The aim of this paper is to challenge each of these contentions by reference to ongoing clinical research studies within this department. It is argued that all teaching (including that of clinical anatomy) should be research‐informed and that the discipline of clinical anatomy should have at its base a vigorous research ethos driven by clinically related problems. In interacting with physicians, the role of the clinical anatomist should be to promulgate a questioning scientific spirit, with its willingness to test and challenge accepted anatomic dicta. Clin. Anat. 3:228–232, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus using Gianturco coils in adolescents and adults
Authors: Wang Jou‐Kou , Liau Chau‐Song , Huang Juey‐Jen , Hsu Kwan‐Leh , Lo Ping‐Han , Hung Jui‐Song , Wu Mei‐Hwan , Lee Yuan‐Teh 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present the short‐ and intermediate‐term results of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with Gianturco coils in adolescents and adults. During a 5‐year period, 55 patients (44 females, 11 males) with ages ranging from 14 to 72 years (median, 23) underwent attempted transcatheter closure of patent ductus with the Gianturco coils. The diameter of the narrowest segment of the ductus ranged from 0.8 to 7.6 mm (3.9 ± 1.3 mm). The 55 patients were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of nine patients with a ductal diameter ≤ 3 mm, group II consisted of 27 patients with a ductal diameter > 3 mm but ≤ 4 mm, and group III consisted of 19 patients with a ductal diameter > 4 mm. Four‐ to five‐loop Gianturco coils were used, which were deployed via retrograde aortic route. Multiple‐coil technique was generally applied in group II patients. Balloon occlusion technique in combination with multiple‐coil technique was generally used in group III patients. Deployment of coil was successful in 51 patients (93%) but failed in 4. The success rate of coil deployment in group I, II, and III were 100% (9/9), 96% (26/27), and 84% (16/19), respectively. A mean of 1.9 ± 0.7 coils was deployed per patient. Of the four patients with unsuccessful coil deployment, three underwent surgery and one received implantation with Amplatzer duct occluder. Distal embolization of 21 coils occurred in 10 patients (3 in group II and 7 in group III), from whom 20 coils were retrieved with a gooseneck snare and 1 coil was removed during surgery. The mean diameter of ductus in the 10 patients with distal embolization was significantly larger than that in those without (5.2 ± 1.4 vs. 3.7 ± 1.1 mm; P < 0.01). Among the 51 patients with successful coil deployment, immediate complete closure was achieved in 20 (39%), while trivial to mild leak was present in 31 (61%). No significant complications were encountered. After a follow‐up period ranging from 5 to 42 months, four patients had a small residual shunt and three underwent a second intervention with complete occlusion. None had left pulmonary artery stenosis documented with Doppler echocardiography. Transcatheter closure of ductus with the Gianturco coils is safe and feasible in the majority of adolescents and adults. Taking high embolization rate in patients with a ductus diameter > 4 mm into consideration, controlled‐release coils, Buttoned device, or Amplatzer duct occluder can be a better choice. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:513–518. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous ulnar artery approach for coronary angiography: A preliminary report in nine patients
Authors: Terashima Masayoshi , Meguro Taiichiro , Takeda Hisanao , Endoh Norio , Ito Yuko , Mitsuoka Mikio , Ohtomo Tatsushi , Murai Osamu , Fujiwara Satomi , Honda Hidehiko , Miyazaki Yasusuke , Kuhara Ryoji , Kawashima Osamu , Isoyama Shogen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe radial artery approach is becoming more popular for diagnostic cardiac catheterization and interventional procedures because of its lower incidence of access site complications and decreased patient discomfort after the procedure. However, Allen's test reveals inadequate blood supply through the ulnar artery to the hand, and therefore the approach does not seem to be suitable in 10%–30% of patients. Here we demonstrated a new percutaneous ulnar artery approach for coronary angiography in nine patients. We succeeded in obtaining an entry site into the left ulnar artery in seven patients. The average time for cannulation and that for catheterization procedure were comparable with those of the radial approach previously reported from other laboratories. Complications such as bleeding, loss of an ulnar pulse, ulnar nerve injury, and the formation of an aneurysm or fistula were not observed in any patient. The ulnar approach may be another technique that decreases patient discomfort and risk, while preserving the radial artery as a potential coronary bypass graft for surgical myocardial revascularization. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:410–414. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supramolecular chirality induction in bis(zinc porphyrin) by amino acid derivatives: Rationalization and applications of the ligand bulkiness effect
Authors: Borovkov Victor V. , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Lintuluoto Juha M. , Tanaka Takumi , Inoue Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe achiral syn conformer (face‐to‐face) of the ethane‐bridged bis(zinc porphyrin) (syn‐ZnD) transforms into the corresponding chiral extended anti bis‐ligated species (anti‐ZnD·L2) in the presence of enantiopure ligands (L: amino acid derivatives). The mechanism of the supramolecular chirality induction is based on chiral ligand binding to zinc porphyrins and subsequent formation of either right‐ or left‐handed screw structures in anti‐ZnD·L2. The screw structure formation arises from steric interactions between the bulkiest substituent at the asymmetric carbon of the ligand and the peripheral ethyl groups of the neighboring porphyrin ring directed towards the covalent bridge. The sign and amplitude of the induced circular dichroism (CD) are dependent on the steric bulk of the substituents at the chiral center. The greater difference in size between the chiral center's substituents gives the stronger induced CD signal. Rationalization of the ligand bulkiness effect on chirality induction by amino acid derivatives, application of this supramolecular system for the determination of ligand absolute configuration, and relative bulkiness of the substituents at the asymmetric carbon are discussed. Chirality 13:329–335, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined intraarterial 5‐fluorouracil and subcutaneous interferon‐α therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi in the major portal branches
Authors: Sakon Masato , Nagano Hiroaki , Dono Keizo , Nakamori Shoji , Umeshita Koji , Yamada Akira , Kawata Sumio , Imai Yasuharu , Iijima Shohei , Monden Morito 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invading into the major branches of the portal vein (Vp3) is extremely poor.METHODSEleven consecutive patients with HCC and Vp3 were treated with 2–6 cycles of a “basic” combination therapy consisting of continuous arterial infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (450–500 mg/day, for the initial 2 weeks) and subcutaneous injection of interferon‐α (5 million international units, 3 times/week, 4 weeks). In the first 3 patients, methotrexate (90 mg/day 1 of every week), cisplatin (10 mg/day), and leucovorin (30 mg/days 2 and 3 of every week) also were administered for the initial 2 weeks (“full” regimen).RESULTSIn 8 (73%) of 11 patients, an objective response (complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]) was observed with marked regression of tumor and decrease in tumor markers. The use of the full regimen was associated with objective response in all patients; instead, they developed thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. In the subsequent 8 patients with basic regimen, 5 patients showed CR (2 cases) or PR (3 cases; objective response rate, 63%), and leukopenia was observed only in 1 patient.CONCLUSIONSSimple combination therapy with subcutaneous interferon‐α and intraarterial 5‐fluorouracil therefore is a promising treatment modality for intractable HCC with Vp3. Cancer 2002;94:435–42. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic importance of tumor size for localized conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Delahunt Brett , Kittelson John M. , McCredie Margaret R. E. , Reeve Anthony E. , Stewart John H. , Bilous A. Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe T1 and T2 classifications of the International Union Against Cancer TNM classification system for renal cell carcinoma are based on primary tumor size, and in various editions of the classification, the cut points between T1 and T2 have been amended to provide clinical utility. In the current edition, the T1/T2 cut point is less than or equal to and greater than 7 cm. and more recently a subdivision of the T1 classification (less than or equal to and < 4 cm) has been proposed to identify patients suitable for partial nephrectomy. This study investigates the prognostic significance of tumor size in a series of organ‐confined clear cell renal cell carcinomas.METHODSOne hundred thirty cases of organ‐confined clear cell renal cell carcinomas, with a minimum of 5 years' follow‐up, were identified from the New South Wales Cancer Registry. Tumor size was compared with survival using the method of Kaplan and Meier for TNM size categories, and proportional hazards regression was used for assessing size as a continuous variable. Proportional hazards regression also was used for multivariable comparisons of size and other prognostic parameters (Fuhrman grade, AgNOR score, and Ki‐67 index) against survival.RESULTSOf 116 cases for which tumor dimension was recorded, 25 patients had died of cancer‐related causes. Primary tumor size ranged from 12 to 140 mm (mean, 57.3 mm). The association between survival and size was significant irrespective of the TNM classification and was also significant when size was modeled continuously (P = 0.000125, hazard of death increased by 3.51 times for each doubling of tumor size). On univariate analysis, Fuhrman grade (P = 0.04) and AgNOR score (P = 0.015) were associated with survival; however, on multivariate analysis only tumor size retained significance.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the cut point of T1 and T2 TNM categories and the proposed T1 subdivision cut point correlate with survival, our finding that size is a continuous variable indicates that as a prognostic parameter for clear cell renal cell carcinoma, primary tumor size is relative rather than indicative. Cancer 2002;94:658–64. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10255
Utilization of BRCA1/2 genetic testing in the clinical setting
Authors: Lee Soo‐Chin , Bernhardt Barbara A. , Helzlsouer Kathy J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDClinical testing for BRCA1/2 has been available since 1996. Interest in testing in the research and hypothetical situations has been consistently high, but there have been limited reports on its clinical utilization.METHODSThis is a retrospective study of BRCA1/2 test utilization by high‐risk patients who were seen at the Johns Hopkins Breast and Ovarian Surveillance Service.RESULTSBetween February 1996 and December 1999, 258 families who had at least a 10% chance of carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation were offered genetic testing. Of these, 26 families seen between February 1996 and October 1996 had access to free testing. Overall, 68 of 258 (26%) underwent genetic testing. Educational level, number of children or daughters, breast carcinoma screening behavior, smoking and drinking behavior, perceived risk of breast carcinoma, and family history was not associated with test utilization. Eligibility for free testing, prior history of breast or ovarian carcinoma, Ashkenazi Jewish versus non‐Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, genetic risk category, and age category were associated with test utilization, and in multivariate analysis, the first three remained statistically significant factors associated with genetic testing. Only 26% of the 50 patients who did not have access to free testing sought insurance reimbursement, of which greater than 50% (7 of 13) had a prior diagnosis of breast or ovarian carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSThe actual utilization of BRCA1/2 genetic testing in a clinical setting is lower than in the research and hypothetical settings. Potential obstacles include cost, fear of insurance discrimination, and need to involve an affected family member in the testing process. Cancer 2002;94:1876–85. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10420
Low incidence of BCL‐6 gene alterations for diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas in Taiwan Chinese
Authors: Chen Po‐Min , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Yu I‐Ting , Lin Jen‐Tsun , Lin Yu‐Chen , Fan Frank S. , Wang Wei‐Shu , Yen Chueh‐Chuan , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Liu Jin‐Hwang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Western populations, rearrangement of the BCL‐6 gene can be identified in 20–40% of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Analysis of the BCL‐6 gene has revealed the presence of point mutations or small deletions in 70% of DLBCL tumors; however, few studies have investigated BCL‐6 gene alteration in patients with non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) of Chinese descent.METHODSSamples from 135 Taiwanese patients with NHL were examined (28 samples of T‐cell NHL and 107 samples of B‐cell NHL; 59 samples from patients with DLBCL) for gene rearrangement and mutation of the BCL‐6 proto‐oncogene using Southern blot analysis and single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by sequence analysis.RESULTSBCL‐6 rearrangement and point mutations were found in 14.8% of patients (n = 20) and in 7.4% of patients (n = 10), respectively. All BCL‐6 gene alterations occurred in patients with B‐cell NHL, and none occurred in patients with T‐cell NHL. Among the 59 patients with DLBCL, BCL‐6 gene rearrangements were identified in 10 patients (16.9%), and mutations were identified in 8 patients (13.6%), with the BCL‐6 mutation occurring independent of the BCL‐6 rearrangement. The incidence of BCL‐6 gene rearrangement and mutations in patients with extranodal DLBCL was 9.5% (2 of 21 patients) and 23.8% (5 of 21 patients), respectively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression found no association between BCL‐6 gene alternations and clinical characteristics, including extranodal tumors in patients with DLBCL, and no association between the BCL‐6 alterations and prognosis was found.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of BCL‐6 alterations was lower in Taiwanese patients with DLBCL compared with Western populations, and BCL‐6 gene alterations showed no prognostic significance in patients with DLBCL. Cancer 2001;94:2635–44. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10545
Auditory and lateral line inputs to the midbrain of an aquatic anuran: Neuroanatomic studies inXenopus laevis
Authors: Edwards Christofer J. , Kelley Darcy B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractComputation of rate in auditory signals is essential to call recognition in anurans. This task is ascribed to a group of central nervous sytem nuclei in the dorsal midbrain or torus semicircularis, homologous to the inferior colliculus of mammals. We have mapped the connections of the subnuclei of the torus semicircularis inXenopus laevisto determine which receive auditory and which receive lateral line information. Relative to terrestrial anurans, the torus ofX. laevisis hypertrophied and occupies the entire caudal, dorsal midbrain. Auditory input to the torus, that arising directly from the dorsal medullary nucleus, is present only in the laminar nucleus. The principal and magnocellular nuclei receive their input from the lateral line nucleus of the medulla. All three nuclei of the torus also have reciprocal connections with the superior olive and the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Ascending efferents from all three nuclei of the torus innervate central and lateral thalamic nuclei, and all have a weak reciprocal connection with the posterior thalamus. The laminar and magnocellular nuclei have reciprocal connections with the ventral thalamus, and all three nuclei of the torus receive descending input from the anterior entopeduncular nucleus. The laminar and magnocellular nuclei also receive descending input from the preoptic area. Based on our identification of toral nuclei and these results we assign a major function for the detection of water‐borne sounds to the laminar nucleus and a major function for the detection of near field disturbances in water pressure to the principal and magnocellular nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:148–162, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and relocation of cord blood nucleated red blood cells by laser scanning cytometry
Authors: Hennerbichler Simone , Schmied Rudolf , Petek Erwin , Kroisel Peter M. , Pertl Barbara , Tiran Beate , Dohr Gottfried , Wintersteiger Reinhold , Sedlmayr Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundFetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) present in the peripheral blood of pregnant women at low frequency are a potential target for noninvasive prenatal diagnostics.MethodsCD71‐enriched cells from male cord blood (CB) were stained for the gamma chain of HbF (Hb‐γ) and cytocentrifuged. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was done for the Y chromosome. Following staining of the nucleus with TO‐PRO‐3, laser scanning cytometry was performed. Artificial mixtures of small volumes of male CB and blood drawn from nonpregnant females were analyzed.ResultsIn CB, 59% of events double positive for Hb‐γ and TO‐PRO‐3 were identified as CB‐NRBC. In contamination studies, male fetal CB‐NRBC were identified perfectly on the basis of morphologic characteristics and FISH reactivity following relocation and visual assessment. Mean recovery was 8.7%.ConclusionsLaser scanning cytometry of preenriched fetal NRBC may offer a promising way for noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. This is because it provides a virtual enrichment step and the position on the slides of cells visually confirmed to correspond to fetal NRBC is known. Further experimental procedures on well‐defined and located target cells may be feasible. Cytometry 48:87–92, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dirofilariasis of breast: Report of two cases diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Ng W.K. , Siu T.H. , Fung Berry , Kong James H.B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on 2 cases of dirofilariasis of the breast occurring in adult Chinese females residing in Hong Kong. The diagnosis was made by fine‐needle aspiration biopsies. The direct smears contained numerous acute inflammatory cells, including eosinophils. A partially necrotic adult nematode of about 400–450 μm in diameter was identified in the cell‐block sections of each case. The worm was characterized by a thick cuticle with longitudinal cuticular ridges and fine transverse surface striations, abundant somatic muscle, an intestine, and a reproductive tube or uterus. The morphologic features of this round worm were most compatible with those of Dirofilaria repens. While the clinical and radiologic findings of dirofilariasis of the breast are nonspecific and mimic those of breast neoplasms or inflammatory conditions, a definitive diagnosis is possible with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. A correct diagnosis of dirofilariasis may help to spare patients from unnecessary medical and surgical interventions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:22–25. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatocellular carcinoma‐fibrolamellar variant: Cytopathology of an unusual case
Authors: Kunz George , Chung Jeffrey , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (FL‐HCC) is an uncommon visceral malignancy with a distinctly better prognosis. An accurate initial diagnosis, therefore, is essential for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. This case report describes the cytomorphology of an unusual case of FL‐HCC in a 13‐yr‐old boy who was found to have a hepatic mass with prominent intraluminal growth pattern seen predominantly in the right hepatic duct. A diagnosis of FL‐HCC was originally suspected on bile duct brushings obtained during endoscopic retrograde choleangiopancreaticogram (ERCP) and subsequently confirmed on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and surgical resection of the hepatic tumor. The cytomorphologic profile of FL‐HCC is distinctive in the right clinical setting, allowing an accurate preoperative identification of this malignancy on biliary brushing or FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:257–261. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.