bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hemodynamic Effects of Intrathecal Oxytocin in Normal Dogs
Authors: Neath Prudence J. , Brown Dorothy Cimino , Hughes Derek , Perkowski Sandra Z. 
Published: August 2002

Objective— To evaluate the hemodynamic effects produced by intrathecal administration of oxytocin in healthy isoflurane‐anesthetized dogs.Study Design— Prospective single‐dose trial.Animal Population— Six healthy purpose‐bred adult dogs weighing between 7.3 and 14.5 kg.Methods— Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented. Oxytocin at a dosage of 1.6 μg/kg was administered intrathecally at the cisternal space at time 0. Hemodynamic data were recorded immediately before and at 1, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after oxytocin administration. Statistical analysis included an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures over time. A P < .05 was considered significant.Results— Baseline values ± standard error of the mean for heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance were 101 ± 11 beats/minute, 76 ± 7 mm Hg, 4 ± 4 mm Hg, 1.9 ± 0.7 L/min, 3834 ± 2556 dynes.sec/cm5, 14 ± 3 mm Hg, 4 ± 2 mm Hg, and 430 ± 201 dynes.sec/cm5, respectively. Variations from the baseline values were seen in all parameters after intrathecal oxytocin administration, but no statistically significant differences were found.Conclusion— The intrathecal injection of 1.6 μg/kg of oxytocin is associated with minimal hemodynamic effects during isoflurane anesthesia.Clinical Relevance— This study revealed no clinically significant deleterious effects from the intrathecal administration of oxytocin, and investigations into its use as a perioperative analgesic are therefore warranted.
Evaluation of a Canine Total‐Elbow Arthroplasty System: A Preliminary Study in Normal Dogs
Authors: Conzemius Michael G. , Aper Rhonda L. , Hill Christopher M. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—Short‐term, in vivo evaluation of a total‐elbow arthroplasty (TEA) system in normal dogs.Study Design—Prospective evaluation comparing pre‐ and postoperative findings.Animals—Six normal, skeletally mature, large‐breed dogs.Methods—Physical, radiographic, and force‐plate gait examinations were performed on all dogs before surgery. TEA was performed in the dogs using a canine TEA system. Examinations were repeated every 8 weeks for 24 weeks, with an additional examination at 52 weeks. Pre‐ and postoperative findings were compared.Results—The TEA led to an excellent outcome in 3 of 6 dogs. Force‐plate gait examination found that the dogs continued to improve over time and had a peak vertical force (PVF) in the surgical limb that was 99.6% of normal (range, 95.8% to 106.4%) 52 weeks after surgery. Major problems encountered during the postoperative time period were non‐weight‐bearing lameness (1 dog), osteomyelitis (1 dog), and fracture of the ulna (1 dog).Conclusions—TEA can be successfully performed in dogs.Clinical Relevance—Based on 1‐year data, TEA can be successfully performed in dogs and could be considered as a treatment alternative for adult dogs with severe osteoarthritis and lameness of the elbow joint.
Respiratory Reflexes in Response to Upper‐Airway Administration of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane in Anesthetized, Spontaneously Breathing Dogs
Authors: Mutoh Tatsushi , Kanamaru Arata , Tsubone Hirokazu , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate the respiratory effects occurring during administration of sevoflurane or isoflurane to the upper airway in dogs.Study Design—A prospective, randomized study.Animals—Twelve healthy adult beagles (6 males, 6 females).Methods—At least 2 weeks after undergoing permanent tracheostomy, dogs were premedicated with acepromazine‐buprenorphine, and anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with α‐chloralose. The upper airway was functionally isolated so that the inhalant could be administered to the upper airway while dogs were breathing 100% O2via the tracheostomy. Respiratory reflexes in response to the administration of sevoflurane or isoflurane at concentrations of 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 times the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) (administered in 100% O2at a flow rate of 5 L/min) were recorded. Reflexes in response to administration of each anesthetic were also recorded following upper‐airway administration of lidocaine.Results—Respiratory reflexes elicited by upper‐airway administration of each anesthetic were characterized by a dose‐dependent increase in expiration time, with a resultant decrease in respiratory minute ventilation and increase in end‐tidal PCO2. The magnitude of these responses was greater with isoflurane than with sevoflurane at 1.8 and 2.4 MAC. These reflexes were abolished after lidocaine nebulization into the upper airway.Conclusion—Isoflurane induces greater reflex inhibition of breathing than does sevoflurane when the anesthetic is inhaled into the upper airway at concentrations used for mask induction.
Effect of Tibial Plateau Leveling on Cranial and Caudal Tibial Thrusts in Canine Cranial Cruciate–Deficient Stifles: An In Vitro Experimental Study
Authors: Warzee Christine C. , Dejardin Loïc M. , Arnoczky Steven P. , Perry Ruby L. 
Published: August 2002

Objectives—To investigate the effect of tibial plateau leveling (TPL) on tibial subluxation and tibial axial rotation; to determine the minimal tibial plateau rotation (MinTPR) angle that provides stifle stability; and to evaluate caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) strain following tibial plateau rotation in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)‐deficient stifles.Animals—Fifteen canine cadaver hind limbs.Methods—Tibial subluxation was measured from lateral radiographs in intact, loaded stifles and after sequential CrCL transection, MinTPR, TPL, and CaCL transection. The MinTPR angle was determined using a custom‐made hinge plate and compared with the TPL angle. Tibial axial rotation was evaluated in CrCL‐deficient stifles before and after TPL. Finally, CaCL strain was recorded in intact, loaded stifles, and following MinTPR, TPL, and tibial plateau over‐rotation (MaxTPR) using a force probe.Results—Cranial tibial subluxation in CrCL‐deficient stifles was eliminated with TPL. Tibial plateau rotation, however, induced caudal tibial subluxation, which significantly increased from MinTPR to TPL before and after CaCL transection. The MinTPR angle was 6.5°± 0.9° less than the TPL angle (P< .05). Tibial internal rotation decreased significantly after TPL in CrCL‐deficient stifles. Finally, CaCL strain increased with increasing tibial plateau rotation.Conclusions—This study suggests that, during stance phase, TPL transforms cranial tibial thrust into caudal tibial thrust, thereby stabilizing the stifle in the cranio‐caudal plane via the constraint of the CaCL. The increase in CaCL stress, which results from tibial plateau rotation, could predispose the CaCL to fatigue failure and therefore would caution against tibial plateau over‐rotation.
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β1, β3, and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Full‐Thickness Skin Wounds of Equine Limbs and Thorax
Authors: Theoret Christine L. , Barber Spencer M. , Moyana Terence N. , Gordon John R. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To map the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, TGF‐β3, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in full‐thickness skin wounds of the horse. To determine whether their expression differs between limbs and thorax, to understand the pathogenesis of exuberant granulation tissue.Study Design—Six wounds were created on one lateral metacarpal area and one midthoracic area of each horse. Sequential wound biopsies allowed comparison of the temporal expression of growth factors between limb and thoracic wounds.Animals—Four 2‐ to 4‐year‐old horses.Methods—Wounds were assessed grossly and histologically at 12 and 24 hours, and 2, 5, 10, and 14 days postoperatively. ELISAs were used to measure the growth factor concentrations of homogenates of wound biopsies taken at the same timepoints.Results—TGF‐β1peaked at 24 hours in both locations and returned to baseline in thoracic wounds by 14 days but remained elevated in limb wounds for the duration of the study. Expression kinetics of TGF‐β3differed from those of TGF‐β1. TGF‐β3concentrations gradually increased over time, showing a trend toward an earlier and higher peak in thoracic compared with limb wounds. bFGF expression kinetics resembled those of TGF‐β1, but no statistically significant differences existed between limb and thoracic wounds.Conclusions—Growth factor expression is up‐regulated during normal equine wound repair. TGF‐β1and TGF‐β3show a reciprocal temporal regulation. Statistically significant differences exist between limb and thoracic wounds with respect to TGF‐β1expression.Clinical Relevance—The persistence of TGF‐β1expression in leg wounds may be related to the development of exuberant granulation tissue in this location, because TGF‐β1is profibrotic.
Laparoscopic surgical technique for repair of rectal and colonic tears in horses: An experimental study
Authors: Brugmans Frederick , Deegen Eckehard 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To determine the efficacy of laparoscopic surgical techniques for repair of rectal lacerations in horses.Study Design—Experimental study.Animal or Sample Population—Thirty‐two segments of equine bowel placed in an equine pelvitrainer, 8 equine cadavers, and 3 normal horses.Methods—In experiment 1, 3 laparoscopic intestinal‐repair techniques were evaluated in an equine pelvitrainer: suturing with needle holders, with an automatic suture device, and stapling with a hernia stapler. In experiment 2, descending colon lacerations were sutured laparoscopically using needle holders in a pelvitrainer and in equine cadavers. In experiment 3, iatrogenic rectal lacerations were sutured laparoscopically with needle holders in horses under general anesthesia. These horses were evaluated for 7 days' postoperatively by clinical examination and blood and peritoneal fluid analysis. The horses were euthanatized 7 days' postoperatively and necropsied. The repaired colonic segments were collected for determination of bursting pressures, degree of luminal narrowing, and microscopic examination of the suture line.Results—For the 3 techniques, there was no significant difference in repair time or degree of luminal narrowing, but bursting pressure was higher in segments repaired by use of needle holders or with the suture device. Colonic and rectal lacerations were sutured successfully with laparoscopic needle holders. No major complications were recorded. At necropsy, adequate healing was confirmed by a high bursting strength (>140 mm Hg) and by histologic examination.Clinical Relevance—A novel laparoscopic method can be used to repair iatrogenic rectal lacerations in horses. Whether this method may be used for clinical cases of rectal tears must be investigated.
The effect of recurrent laryngeal neurectomy in conjunction with laryngoplasty and unilateral ventriculocordectomy in thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Davenport Celia L.M. , Tulleners Eric P. , Parente Eric J. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To investigate the effects of recurrent laryngeal neurectomy (RLN) in combination with laryngoplasty and ventriculocordectomy on the postoperative performance of Thoroughbred racehorses treated for grade III left laryngeal hemiparesis (LLH).Study Design—Retrospective study.Sample Population—Fifty‐five Thoroughbred racehorses.Methods—Medical records for Thoroughbred racehorses treated surgically by laryngoplasty and laser ventriculocordectomy with or without RLN between June 1993 and December 1996 were reviewed. Outcome was evaluated subjectively by assessment of performance obtained from telephone interviews with owners and trainers, and objectively by assessment of racing performance for 3 races before and after surgery using a performance index (PI).Results—Fifty‐five Thoroughbred racehorses with resting endoscopic grade III LLH were treated by laryngoplasty and ventriculocordectomy either with (39 horses) or without (16 horses) RLN. For RLN horses, respondents for 38 horses believed performance was improved in 19 horses, unchanged in 16 horses, and decreased in 3 horses. For horses without RLN, respondents for 9 horses reported that performance was improved in 5 horses, unchanged in 2 horses, and decreased in 2 horses. PI scores were improved in 18 RLN horses and in 6 horses without RLN; there was no statistical difference in outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of RLN in combination with laryngoplasty and ventriculocordectomy for treatment of grade III LLH may not improve postoperative racing performance.
Skin‐fold advancement flaps for closing large proximal limb and trunk defects in dogs and cats
Authors: Hunt Geraldine B. , Tisdall Penelope L.C. , Liptak Julius M. , Beck Jason A. , Swinney Graham R. , Malik Richard 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To describe the use of skin‐fold advancement flaps for covering large skin defects in dogs and cats.Study Design—Clinical study.Animals—Eight client‐owned animals: 6 dogs and 2 cats.Methods—Six dogs and 2 cats underwent reconstruction of soft‐tissue wounds resulting from traumatic, neoplastic, or infectious lesions. Skin‐fold flaps were created by division of the medial and lateral attachment to the proximal limb or the dorsal and ventral attachment to the trunk, enabling closure of adjacent defects on the trunk or proximal limb, respectively.Results—Skin‐fold flaps proved effective for closing defects in all animals. Necrosis of a portion of the flap occurred in 2 dogs due to technical errors, but the resultant defects remained amenable to primary closure. All wounds ultimately healed primarily, without major complications.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The skin‐fold advancement flap is a versatile technique that lends itself to use in a variety of locations, depending on which attachments are divided. The clinical results are comparable with those reported for axial pattern and subdermal plexus flaps.
Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis in 34 horses using two parallel 5.5‐mm cortical bone screws
Authors: MacLellan Kelly N.M. , Crawford William H. , MacDonald David G. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To report clinical experience with arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses using two parallel 5.5‐mm cortical bone screws placed in lag fashion.Study Design—Retrospective, clinical study.Animals—Thirty‐four horses, aged 1 to 19 years.Methods—Medical records for all horses admitted (1991–1997) for pastern arthrodesis using two 5.5‐mm ASIF cortical bone screws, in parallel orientation, and placed in lag fashion by use of a combined aiming device to facilitate accuracy were reviewed. Signalment, lameness diagnosis, duration of lameness, limb(s) involved, and outcome were recorded. Criteria for successful outcome were determined as return to previous level of function or future intended athletic use.Results—Thirty‐nine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodeses were performed on 34 horses. One horse was euthanatized in the recovery room and was excluded from data analysis. Successful outcome occurred in 85% of frontlimbs and 89% of hindlimbs. Failure occurred in 5 joints; 1 horse had lameness directly associated with surgery, whereas 4 horses had unrelated lameness.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Age, breed, and initial disease did not affect outcome. Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint by use of two 5.5‐mm ASIF cortical bone screws, in parallel orientation, placed in lag fashion by use of a combined aiming device, resulted in sound use of the limb in >85% of the joints with shortened postoperative coaptation.
Diagnostic Predictors of Complications and Survival after Renal Transplantation in Cats
Authors: Adin Christopher A. , Gregory Clare R. , Kyles Andrew E. , Cowgill Larry 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To identify preoperative diagnostic results that predict postoperative complications and survival in feline renal‐transplant recipients.Study Design—Retrospective clinical study.Animals—Sixty‐one feline renal allograft recipients.Methods—Medical records for 61 consecutive cats that underwent renal allograft transplantation between January 1, 1996, and December 1, 1999, were reviewed. Age, diagnosis, body weight, body condition score, preoperative medical treatment, systolic blood pressure, packed cell volume, biochemical parameters at admission and at the time of surgery, postoperative complications, and postoperative survival were recorded. Associations of preoperative data with the occurrence of postoperative complications were determined using logistic regression. Postoperative survival was graphed using a Kaplan‐Meier cumulative‐survival plot. Associations of covariates with postoperative survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards analysis.Results—Two parameters were significantly associated with occurrence of postoperative central nervous system (CNS) disorders: blood urea nitrogen concentration (odds ratio = 1.083; 95% CI = 1.018 to 1.148) and serum creatinine concentration (odds ratio = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.413 to 2.187) at the time of surgery. Postoperative survival 6 months after transplantation was 59%, though 3‐year survival remained at 42%. Of all covariates investigated, only recipient age (relative hazard = 1.183; 95% CI = 1.039 to 1.334) was significantly associated with survival.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Standard measures of preoperative renal dysfunction do not predict postoperative survival in cats after renal transplantation, although an increase in the degree of preoperative azotemia is associated with an increased risk of CNS disorders after surgery. Increased recipient age is associated with decreased survival after renal transplantation.
Evaluation of Lameness Associated with Arthroscopy and Arthrotomy of the Normal Canine Cubital Joint
Authors: Bubenik Loretta J. , Johnson Spencer A. , Smith Mark M. , Howard Rick D. , Broadstone Richard V. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate gait, range of motion (ROM), and lameness in normal dogs after arthroscopy or arthrotomy of the cubital joint.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Fourteen mature, healthy dogs.Methods—Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Seven underwent arthrotomy and 7 underwent arthroscopy of the left cubital joint. Dogs were evaluated using kinetic gait assessment, subjective evaluation scores, and cubital joint ROM. Evaluations were performed before and on days 2, 4, 7, 15, 22, and 29 after surgery. Radiographs made before and after the surgical procedures were evaluated.Results—Significant differences in peak vertical force and vertical impulse force were not observed between surgery groups (P= .88 and .49, respectively). Joint ROM was not significantly different between groups (P= .09for flexion and .91 for extension). For all dogs, joint ROM and radiographic evaluations remained normal throughout the study period. Significant differences in subjective lameness scores, weight bearing, or pain were not observed between groups (P≥ .19 for all variables).Conclusions—In this study population, significant differences between dogs undergoing arthroscopy or arthrotomy of the cubital joint with respect to postoperative pain, weight bearing, joint ROM, or temporal improvement of ground reaction forces were not observed.Clinical Relevance—The results of this study suggest that postoperative morbidity should not be a factor when making a decision to perform either arthroscopy or arthrotomy for exploration of the medial compartment of the canine cubital joint.
Thoracoscopic Visualization and Ligation of the Thoracic Duct in Dogs
Authors: Radlinsky Maryann G. , Mason Diane E. , Biller David S. , Olsen Dennis 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To develop a technique for thoracoscopic visualization and ligation of the thoracic duct in dogs.Study design—In vivo experimental study.Animals—Five mature, healthy dogs.Methods—Dogs were normal based on physical examination, negative occult heartworm test, normal complete blood count and biochemical profile, and normal thoracic radiographs. The dogs were anesthetized, and a ventral midline laparotomy was performed for catheterization of a mesenteric lymphatic. Lymphangiography was performed to determine thoracic duct anatomy. Thoracoscopy was performed in the caudal, right hemithorax after single lung intubation or bronchial blockade. At least two 10‐mm clips were placed across the thoracic duct in each dog. Lymphangiography was repeated to assess duct ligation. If complete duct occlusion was not achieved, thoracoscopy was repeated for additional clip placement. After surgery the dogs were euthanatized, and necropsies were performed.Results—Lymphangiography showed that multiple branches of the thoracic duct were present in every dog; bilateral thoracic duct branches were most common. Thoracoscopic identification and ligation of the thoracic duct was successful in all five dogs. Two dogs required a second thoracoscopic procedure to completely occlude flow of contrast through the thoracic duct. Surgery time for thoracoscopy averaged 59 ± 9.6 minutes. Retroperitoneal contrast accumulation after thoracic duct ligation occurred in two dogs. One dog required bilateral pulmonary ventilation.Conclusion—Thoracoscopy can be used to visualize the thoracic duct for ligation in normal dogs.Clinical relevance—Thoracoscopic ligation of the thoracic duct may be a therapeutic option for management of chylothorax in dogs.
Effects of 25% Propylene Glycol Hydrogel (Solugel) on Second Intention Wound Healing in Horses
Authors: Dart Andrew J. , Cries Lucile , Jeffcott Leo B. , Hodgson David R. , Rose Reuben J. 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate the effect of a commercially available 25% propylene glycol hydrogel preparation (Solugel; Johnson and Johnson Medical, North Ryde, Australia) on healing of full‐thickness skin wounds on the distal aspect of the limb in horses.Study design—Experimental.Animals—Eight Standardbred horses.Methods—Standardized (2.5 × 2.5 cm) full‐thickness skin wounds were created over the mid‐dorsomedial aspect of both metacarpi in 8 horses. One wound in each horse was dressed with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) soaked gauze, and one was treated with Solugel under dry regular gauze; wounds were then bandaged with gauze‐coated cotton wool and elastic adhesive bandages. Wounds were videorecorded and rebandaged twice weekly until healed. Wound healing variables were measured from the videorecordings using a computer software package and analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measures. Where necessary variables were made positive for analysis; significance was set atP< .05.Results—The area of the wound at the first bandage change did not vary between treated and untreated wounds. Treatment had no effect on the total rate of healing, rate of healing during the retraction phase of healing, rate of healing after the retraction phase was complete, or the amount the wounds retracted.Conclusions—Using this model of wound healing, Solugel had no effect on second intention healing of distal limb wounds in horses.Clinical relevance—Solugel does not appear to have any beneficial effect on healing of small full‐thickness skin wounds to the distal limb of horses.