bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal and Policy Gaps Affecting Digital Rights in Malawi
Authors: Kainja Jimmy 
Published: October 2023

Digital rights are human rights in the digital era, specifically on the internet. Digital rights are becoming critical as people increasingly spend a lot of time online, accessing different services and information that are key to human survival and well-being. Resolution 362 (on the Right to Freedom of Information and Expression on the Internet in Africa) of The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and resolution on the Promotion, Protection, and Enjoyment of Human Rights on the Internet of the United Nations Human Rights Council affirmed that same rights that people enjoy offline must also be protected online. This paper assesses legal and policy gaps affecting digital rights in Malawi, thereby making a critical contribution to scholarship in this area. In addition to the literature and policy review of digital rights in Malawi, the study used a questionnaire as a data collection tool, targeting purposefully selected key informants from Malawi’s telecommunication sector, media associations, NGOs, and telecommunication regulators to assess challenges affecting digital rights in Malawi. The study found that achieving digital rights in the country remains a distant dream for most people due to the expensive cost of the internet, insufficient telecommunication and electricity infrastructure, restrictive legal framework, and low digital literacy. These factors make access to the ICTs and the internet inaccessible for most people, denying them access to and participation in political, social, and economic activities enabled by digital platforms.
Implications of Corruption on Public Administration in Malawi
Authors: Mtuwa Susan , Chiweza Asiyati Lorraine 
Published: October 2023

The paper interrogates the functionality of the public administration machinery and the bureaucrat in an environment where institutional corruption exists. The National Anti-Corruption Strategy II (NACS II), a policy document launched by Malawi Government in 2019, recognises corruption as one of the significant impediments to national development targets. NACS II indicates corruption derails social and economic development efforts resulting in poor service delivery. There is a general belief among the citizenry in Malawi that corruption has become institutionalised Chunga and Ned, 2022). The internal systems of institutions that are responsible for the provision of public service have been riddled with corruption manifested through weaknesses in critical areas such as human resource management systems, public procurement systems, and public finance management systems; weak controls in the execution of budgets leading to the misuse of public resources and maladaptive practices such as embezzlement. Based on secondary data, the paper explores the implication of such institutionalisation of corruption in the internal systems of public institutions based on Weberian theory on public administration and the bureaucrats. The Weberian theory argues that a bureaucrat is regarded as an agent of the state who is characterised as functioning not on an inherent sense of motivation but on an externally imposed set of criteria of neutrality, impartiality, ethics and professionalism .
A Chinyanja, Ciyao and Chitumbuka Conception of Malaria
Authors: Nkolokosa Mzati 
Published: October 2023

This paper explores an African conception and understanding of malungo, the Chinyanja name for malaria. Regarding the cause, symptoms, treatment and prevention of malaria, the dominant Western paradigm is at variance with the Malawian experience of malungo. Malawian indigenous ways of knowing and doing, including treatment and prevention of malungo, derive from centuries of experience that produced an independent epistemology that Western science rejects as myths and misconceptions. For the past four decades, researchers have reported low knowledge of malaria in Malawi while using the term malungo during data collection. Anchored in anti-colonial theory and hermeneutics, this paper reviews the 2017 Malawi Malaria Indicator Survey and discusses malungo from the African epistemology perspective. The paper further suggests that malaria and malungo be studied through Western and African lenses to understand whether or not the two are one or different conditions. A clear understanding of malungo and malaria as one or two conditions would lead to developing competent interventions.
Endoscopic removal of a tablespoon retained in the stomach - A case report
Authors: Rutaganda E , Umugwaneza N. , Shikama F. , Ndayiragije V. , Nyampinga D. , Ingabire Z. , Mukanumviye S. , Ngabitsinze P. , Kibuka S. , Nyayisenga J. M. , Ndahayo J. , Ngabonziza F. , Seminega B. , Dusabejambo V. 
Published: October 2023

Even if the ingestion of foreign bodies is common, it is not a common practice to remove endoscopically a big foreign body retained in the stomach. We describe a 27 years old schizophrenic woman transferred to the Kigali University Teaching Hospital (CHUK) after four days of ingesting a tablespoon. An erect abdominal X-ray revealed the teaspoon in the abdomen and was confirmed by an endoscopy. The spoon was successfully removed endoscopically using a polypectomy snare. There were no post-procedure complications, and the patient was discharged after two days of observation.
The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a feasible and safe procedure for removing big retained foreign bodies in carefully selected patients.
Tuberculosis burden and its predictors among people living with HIV/AIDS at a Nigerian treatment centre: a prospective study
Authors: Olowookere S. A. , Awopeju O. F. , Fehintola F. O. , Arije O. , Ojo T. O. , Obe-Adeoye O. I. , Aina O. A. , Gbadamosi M. O. , Adepoju E. G. 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study assessed TB burden and its predictors among PLWHA receiving care at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.METHODS: A prospective study was conducted among PLWHA screened clinically for TB from February 2009 till December 2019. Information collected included their socio-demographic characteristics, other variables, TB signs and symptoms, and CD4 count. PLWHA with at least one TB symptom or sign underwent laboratory diagnosis. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
RESULTS: A total of 4057 PLWHA were screened clinically for TB during the study period. They were 982 (24.2%) males and 3075 (75.8%) females. Six hundred and ninety-eight (33.4%) were diagnosed with TB. On logistic regression analysis, predictors of TB included being female (AOR=3.53, 95%CI=2.72-4.59, p<0.001), having lower education (AOR=2.53, 95%CI=2.07-3.10, p<0.001), having low socio-economic status (AOR=34.54, 95%CI=21.10-56.52, p=0.0001), being underweight (AOR=3.28, 95%CI=2.69-4.10, p<0.001) and having CD4 count <200/ml (AOR=3.69, 95%CI=3.04-4.47, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: PLWHA had a high TB burden with predictors including low socio-economic status, being female, having had lower education, low CD4 count, and being underweight. Addressing these factors may reduce the TB burden among PLWHA.
NOÇÕES DE DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL NO ENSINO MÉDIO PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DA CIDADANIA
Authors: Rath Adler Augusto 
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho trata da importância da inserção da disciplina de Noções de Direito Constitucional
no Ensino Médio, visto que há uma lacuna referente à formação do educando para o exercício da cidadania. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo descrever como a oferta curricular da disciplina Noções de Direito Constitucional no Ensino Médio contribui para a construção de uma sociedade justa e cidadã. Na metodologia, foi adotada a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, por meio da abordagem qualiquantitativa. Ter acesso à informação jurídica já no Ensino Médio é de acentuada relevância para os educandos, visto que pode contribuir para a conquista da cidadania e ser melhor referencial para eles, que estarão mais bem preparados para o enfrentamento de situações cotidianas relacionadas aos direitos e deveres. Por entender que a disciplina Noções de Direito Constitucional tem o papel de potencializar os indivíduos na aquisição de direitos e cumprimento das obrigações, defende-se a sua inserção no currículo do Ensino Médio para se concretizar uma nação cidadã
Dampak Pengaruh Digitalisasi Era Society 4.0 Terhadap Manajemen Kinerja Pegawai
Authors: Awaluddin Awaluddin 
Published: October 2023

In the Society 4.0 era marked by digitalization, the development of information technology has changed the way of work, communication, and management in various sectors, including the government and business sectors. This study aims to determine the impact of digitalization in the Society 4.0 era on employee performance management. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection technique was carried out by literature study by exploring journals, books and other information relevant to the research. The data that has been collected is then analyzed with three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the digitalization of the Society 4.0 era has positive and negative impacts on employee performance management. The positive impact of digitization in the Society 4.0 era on employee performance management includes increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of employee performance management, increasing the objectivity of employee performance appraisals, increasing transparency and accountability of employee performance management, increasing employee motivation and job satisfaction. Meanwhile, the negative impacts of digitization in the Society 4.0 era on employee performance management include increasing the complexity of employee performance appraisals and increasing information security risks.
Efektivitas Pengelolaan Manajemen Anggaran yang dilaksanakan Komisi V DPRD Provinsi Jawa Barat Terhadap Mitra Kerja Komisi
Authors: Panjaitan Angel , Darmawan Eki Dudi 
Published: October 2023

In this scientific article and supported by some data that shows the effectiveness of Commission V of the West Java Provincial DPRD in managing budget management, where the budget management managed by Commission V of the West Java Provincial DPRD is the Regional Budget (APBD). Descriptive method is a method that aims to produce data that is in accordance with the description or description systematically, factually and accurately about the facts, properties and have a relationship between the phenomena studied. In this research the author tries to be able to analyze, interpret, and describe the problems that occur and then after that draw conclusions from these problems regarding the effectiveness of budget management management of working partners of Commission V of the West Java Provincial DPRD. The author chooses data collection techniques by conducting interviews and documentation, and the data taken for this study are data sourced from documents and interviews with people directly involved in budget management activities, namely Commission V of the West Java Provincial DPRD and using data in the form of literature studies sourced from journals, laws and regulations, and other influencing factors then presented in written form systematically. Commission V of the West Java Provincial DPRD has a very important role in managing budget management, where Commission V has activities and main tasks for the development of Social Welfare, namely work visits, meeting procurement, carrying out management processes and supervising the implementation of the APBD so that supervision carried out by Commission V can be more effective and efficient and can obtain maximum results in each year.
Keywords: Budgetting; DPRD; Commission V DPRD; Working Partners.
Impact of Linguistic Insecurity on the English Oral Productivity of Students of Selected Colleges of Education in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Okedigba Ogunniyi , Omowon Abiodun , Adelowo Dapo 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This work studied the phenomenon of linguistic insecurity among colleges’ of education students in South-Western Nigeria to determine its impact on their English oral productivity. Casual observation has shown that a good number of colleges’ of education students in South-Western Nigeria are usually not at ease communicating in the English language. So, they seldom communicate in the English language when they interact with one another.
Methodology: The Deficit Hypothesis as postulated by Bernstein (1971) provided the theoretical underpinning. It used purposive sampling to sample three colleges of education in South-Western Nigeria. Random sampling technique was employed to sample 120 respondents from each of the colleges; yielding a study sample of 360. A self-constructed questionnaire tagged “Impact of Linguistic Insecurity on English Oral Productivity Questionnaire (ILIEOPQ)” was the instrument employed. Data generated were analysed using frequency counts and simple percentages.
Findings: The results showed that majority of colleges’ of education students in South-Western Nigeria did experience linguistic insecurity whenever they communicated with their friends and course-mates in English language; a phenomenon which is not unconnected with their deficiency in English language. Lack of confidence was found to be a major factor for this. Linguistic insecurity in English language also had negative effects on the English oral productivity of students of colleges of education in South-Western Nigeria resulting in many of them speaking their first language more than they did speak English language while in school. Findings also showed that colleges’ of education students in South-Western Nigeria employed some strategies to cope with their linguistic insecurity in English language. This notwithstanding, the standard or quality of the English language they spoke was not good enough.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings have shown linguistic insecurity as a major cause of the poor oral performance of Nigerian learners in English language. The findings could help stimulate the initiation of appropriate measures by concerned stake-holders. Such measures could include learners of English as a second language endeavouring to speak the English language more regularly at school. Similarly, teachers should lay more emphasis on the spoken English of their pupils/students.
Assessing the Degree of Determinant Impact on the Management Outcomes of Drug Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Sierra Leone-A Case Study of Rural Bo District.
Authors: Allieu Tommy , Tommy BSc Precious M. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis are strongly influenced by the level of socioeconomic status of a population. Predisposing factors of tuberculosis such as undernutrition, diabetes, and AIDS are hinged on the socioeconomic status of a population.
Alcohol, smoking and illicit drug use disorders can predispose to TB especially in hyperendemic setting. Sierra Leone still grapples with socio-economic challenges including all the factors that predispose people to the disease and as well precipitates TB transmission.
Methodology: The study was a retrospective cohort study to assess the degree of impact on the determinants of drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in patients managed in catchment areas in the rural Bo district of Southern Sierra Leone. Data were collected from 2176 participants with even ID numbers enrolled from January 2018 to January 2022 out of the population of 533,900. Sample was calculated at a 99% confidence level and 3% margin of error.
Findings: A Chi2 test was performed between age: α= <15 yrs β= ≥15yrs and exit which showed a statistically significant relationship between the two, χ² (4) = 188.32, p = <0.001, Cramér’s V = 0.29 with the calculated p-value of <0.001 that is lower than the defined significance level of 5%. There was also a statistically significant relationship between source of income and exit, χ² (12) = 94.57, p = <0.001, There was a statistically significant relationship between food security and exit, χ² (4) = 15.32, p = 0.004, Cramér’s V = 0.08. The calculated p-value of 0.004 is lower than the defined significance level of 5%.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Shows that favorable treatment outcomes are a combination of use of chemotherapy, psychosocial care, social, economic and economic moderation strategies especially in the global South where the majority of the patients live in poverty.
Counseling Of Fluorosis, Utilization, And Clearance Of Fluor In Water, Desa Mojosari Kecamatan Asembagus Kecamatan Situbondo
Authors: Suproborini Arum - , Laksana Mochamad Soeprijadi Djoko , Yudiantoro Dwi Fitri , Ikhsan Ismail Da'imul 
Published: October 2023

Dental fluorosis is a disorder of mottled or mottled enamel structure as a result of excess fluoride intake during tooth formation. Water is one source of fluorine. The purpose of this community service is to assist the community in improving dental health and preventing dental and bone fluorosis. The implementation of this community service uses lecture and discussion methods. The stages of this service include pretest, delivery of material, post test, and discussion sessions. Post test results show an increase in community knowledge. It is hoped that this increase in knowledge can be applied by the Mojosari village community in an effort to procure water to meet their needs.

Keywords: fluorosis, fluorosis, Mojosari village
Socialization of Learning Computer Technology for ANBK Exam Preparation at SDN 2 Pandeyan, Ngemplak District, Boyolali Regency
Authors: Rifai Dian Muhammad , Nathaniel Kenny , Rohman Jundur , Alim Generusatindo Alim , Yusup Arfan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:With the rapid development of information and communication technology, the learning of science must be given from an early age, especially in the field of education at the elementary level. We are trying to improve the science and technology with the intention of preparing for the upcoming ANBK exam. The Community Service entitled Socialization of Computer Technology Learning for ANBK Exam Preparation at SDN 2 Pandeyan, Ngemplak District, Boyolali Regency was carried out on Tuesday 1 August 2023 to Wednesday 2 August 2023. The aim is to provide science and technology knowledge and skills to students at SDN 2 Pandeyan who Never operated on a computer. The method used is socialization and direct practice of computer operation and ANBK exam simulation. The result of this activity is that Pandeyan 2 Elementary School students have skills in operating computers both for daily needs and for ANBK exams.

Keywords: ANBK, Computer, and SD
Socialization of Used Cooking Oil Processing into Wax in Pandeyan Village, Ngemplak District, Boyolali Regency
Authors: Putri Fitria , Putri Fitria Putri , Meta Dhea , Hidastri Ghaliyah , Nurjanah Alfiah , Premipara Lensa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract: One of the causes of environmental pollution is used waste cooking oil. Disposal of used cooking oil can have a negative impact on the environment and human life. We try to provide a solution to overcome this problem by utilizing used cooking oil which can be processed into candles. The community service entitled Socialization of Processing Used Cooking Oil into Candles in Pandeyan Village, Ngemplak District, Boyolali Regency was carried out on Sunday 30 July 2023. The aim is to provide knowledge and skills to the community needed in making candles. The method used is an approach by providing information through counseling regarding the processing of used cooking oil. As a result of this activity, the knowledge and skills of PKK mothers in Garen RT 4/2, Pandeyan Village, Ngemplak District, Boyolali are increasing.

Keywords: Waste Cooking Oil, Candle, and Pollution
Why is naloxone prescription not more common in emergency departments? A survey of physician practices and attitudes
Authors: Nykin David , Belisle Haley Campbell , Saadat Soheil , Luu Tiffany , Sahota Preet Kaur , Chakravarthy Bharath 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Emergency physicians (EPs) have a singular opportunity to prescribe naloxone and decrease fatal overdoses in opioid users. We surveyed EPs patterns of naloxone prescription and identified barriers to prescribing naloxone.
Design: Surveys were conducted at an emergency medicine conference from 2018 to 2019. We used a Likert scale for all questions and a chi-square or chi-square for trend tests to determine statistical significance.
Setting: Emergency medicine conferences and emergency departments.
Participants: Forty-one EPs were surveyed.
Intervention: Oral survey.
Main outcome measures: Prevalence of naloxone prescription and EP attitude toward naloxone.
Results: 65.0 percent of residents and 33.3 percent of attending physicians had never prescribed naloxone to patients. 90.2 percent believed ED naloxone prescription is safe, 82.9 percent did not refrain from prescribing due to ethical concerns, and 73.2 percent believed it is not a waste of resources.
Conclusions: Many resident physicians had never prescribed naloxone despite agreeing it was safe, ethical, and a productive use of resources. The time needed to counsel patients on naloxone use was a barrier to prescription, and various interventions are needed to make this practice more common.
A qualitative study of chronic pain and opioid use: The impact of restrictive prescribing
Authors: Sedney Cara L. , Dekeseredy Patricia , Davis Marissa , Haggerty Treah 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To explore the continuum of pain and addiction for patients with chronic pain (CP) who used opioids during a time of restrictive opioid prescribing in West Virginia.
Design: This qualitative descriptive study used a content analysis of semi-structured interviews. Themes were identified through a reflective, iterative coding process. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines were followed.
Setting: West Virginia.
Participants: Twenty people who used opioids to treat a CP condition, 10 pharmacists, 10 primary care providers, and 10 specialists.
Intervention: Semistructured interviews.
Main outcome measure: To better understand the impact of restrictive prescribing measures on people who used opioids for CP.
Results: Patients initiated opioids for acute, painful conditions and described how long-term use led to physical dependence and, for some, opioid use disorder. Restrictive opioid prescribing laws led to care interruptions and decreased access and availability of prescribed opioid pain medication, driving some patients to seek illicit drugs. Economic considerations influenced drug use as the price of purchasing prescription opioids on the street went up, making heroin a cheaper alternative. Patients who transitioned to buprenorphine/naloxone as a treatment for pain or opioid use disorder viewed it as a positive change and a “life saver.”
Conclusions: Opioid use for CP is complex and multifaceted. The continuum of pain and opioid use disorder can begin with a prescription for acute pain and continue for the treatment of CP. Patients described how continued opioid use was not to “get high” but for pain control to improve their quality of life, continue to work, and be productive. For those who experience physical dependence on opioids, access to treatment is vital to recovery and pain management.
Key message: Without individualized managed care, people confronted with a sudden interruption in prescription opioids may turn to illicit drugs to mitigate symptoms of opioid withdrawal and physical dependence.