bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium channel Nav1.8 immunoreactivity in painful human dental pulp
Authors: Renton T , Yiangou Y , Plumpton C , Tate S , Bountra C , Anand P 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Background
The tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8 (SNS1/PN3) is expressed by nociceptors and may play a role in pain states.

Methods
Using specific antibodies for immunohistochemistry, we studied Nav1.8 – immunoreactivity in human dental pulp in relation to the neuronal marker neurofilament. Human tooth pulp was extracted from teeth harvested from a total of twenty-two patients (fourteen without dental pain, eight patients with dental pain).

Results
Fibres immunoreactive for Nav1.8, were significantly increased on image analysis in the painful group: median (range) Nav1.8 to Neurofilament % area ratio, non-painful 0.059 (0.006–0.24), painful 0.265 (0.13–0.5), P = 0.0019.

Conclusion
Nav1.8 sodium channels may thus represent a therapeutic target in trigeminal nerve pain states.
Experiencing neutropenia: Quality of life interviews with adult cancer patients
Authors: Fortner Barry V , Tauer Kurt W , Okon Ted , Houts Arthur C , Schwartzberg Lee S 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Neutropenia is a common toxicity in chemotherapy but detailed information about how neutropenia is associated with changes in patients' quality of life is not readily available. This prospective study interviewed patients with grade 4 neutropenia to provide qualitative information on patients' experience of developing and coping with grade 4 neutropenia during a cycle of chemotherapy.

Methods
A sample of 34 patients who developed grade 4 neutropenia during the first cycle of chemotherapy completed a total of 100 structured clinical interviews. Interviews were transcribed, and 2 raters inductively developed 5 broad categories comprising 80 specific complaint domains nominated by patients. Thirty-five patient-nominated problems were mentioned in 5% or more of the interviews.

Results
Fatigue was the most common physical symptom. Interference in daily routine, negative self-evaluation, negative emotion, and social isolation were other common complaints associated with neutropenia.

Conclusion
Neutropenia is associated with a number of negative experiences among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and these negative experiences have an adverse effect on the patient's quality of life. Oncology nurses can play a key role in helping patients manage adverse effects to maintain their quality of life.
DAS28 best reflects the physician's clinical judgment of response to infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients: validation of the DAS28 score in patients under infliximab treatment
Authors: Vander Cruyssen Bert , Van Looy Stijn , Wyns Bart , Westhovens Rene , Durez Patrick , Van den Bosch Filip , Veys Eric M , Mielants Herman , De Clerck Luc , Peretz Anne , Malaise Michel , Verbruggen Leon , Vastesaeger Nathan , Geldhof Anja , Boullart Luc , De Keyser Filip 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis study is based on an expanded access program in which 511 patients suffering from active refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with intravenous infusions of infliximab (3 mg/kg+methotrexate (MTX)) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter. At week 22, 474 patients were still in follow-up, of whom 102 (21.5%), who were not optimally responding to treatment, received a dose increase from week 30 onward. We aimed to build a model to discriminate the decision to give a dose increase. This decision was based on the treating rheumatologist's clinical judgment and therefore can be considered as a clinical measure of insufficient response. Different single and composite measures at weeks 0, 6, 14 and 22, and their differences over time were taken into account for the model building. Ranking of the continuous variables based on areas under the curve of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, displayed the momentary DAS28 (Disease Activity Score including a 28-joint count) as the most important discriminating variable. Subsequently, we proved that the response scores and the changes over time were less important than the momentary evaluations to discriminate the physician's decision. The final model we thus obtained was a model with only slightly better discriminative characteristics than the DAS28. Finally, we fitted a discriminant function using the single variables of the DAS28. This displayed similar scores and coefficients as the DAS28. In conclusion, we evaluated different variables and models to discriminate the treating rheumatologist's decision to increase the dose of infliximab (+MTX), which indicates an insufficient response to infliximab at 3 mg/kg in patients with RA. We proved that the momentary DAS28 score correlates best with this decision and demonstrated the robustness of the score and the coefficients of the DAS28 in a cohort of RA patients under infliximab therapy.
Performance of prognostic models in critically ill cancer patients – a review
Authors: den Boer Sylvia , de Keizer Nicolette F , de Jonge Evert 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Prognostic models, such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II or III, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, and the Mortality Probability Models (MPM) II were developed to quantify the severity of illness and the likelihood of hospital survival for a general intensive care unit (ICU) population. Little is known about the performance of these models in specific populations, such as patients with cancer. Recently, specific prognostic models have been developed to predict mortality for cancer patients who are admitted to the ICU. The present analysis reviews the performance of general prognostic models and specific models for cancer patients to predict in-hospital mortality after ICU admission.

Methods
Studies were identified by searching the Medline databases from 1994 to 2004. We included studies evaluating the performance of mortality prediction models in critically ill cancer patients.

Results
Ten studies were identified that evaluated prognostic models in cancer patients. Discrimination between survivors and non-survivors was fair to good, but calibration was insufficient in most studies. General prognostic models uniformly underestimate the likelihood of hospital mortality in oncological patients. Two versions of a specific oncological scoring systems (Intensive Care Mortality Model (ICMM)) were evaluated in five studies and showed better discrimination and calibration than the general prognostic models.

Conclusion
General prognostic models generally underestimate the risk of mortality in critically ill cancer patients. Both general prognostic models and specific oncology models may reliably identify subgroups of patients with a very high risk of mortality.
The impact of subchronic cadmium poisoning on the vascular effect of nitric oxide in rats
Authors: Skoczynska A , Martynowicz H 
Published: July 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of poisoning with cadmium in hypertensive doses (50 or 200 ppm in drinking water for three months) on the basal and stimulated release NO effect in the isolated and perfused rat mesenteric bed. Mesenteric artery preparation preconstricted by norepinephrine (0.5 μg/mL) was used to determine changes in its vascular resistance induced by e-NOS synthase blocker, N-ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) injected in increasing doses from 1.0 to 200.0 μg or acetylcholine (ACh) administered in doses from 0.05 × 10-10 to 5.0 × 10-10 mol before and during L-NOARG infusion (1.0 μg/mL). Vascular reactivity was measured as an increase or decrease in perfusion pressure in the constant flow system. Rats poisoned with 50 or 200 ppm of cadmium demonstrated a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in vascular response to L-NOARG used in doses of 50 or 100 μg. The dose-response curve obtained for L-NOARG was shifted to the right and ED50 value was greater in the group of rats given cadmium in a dose of 200 ppm than in the controls (70.39 ± 10.7 versus 25.79 ± 4.8 μg, P < 0.01). These rats reacted with lower expressed vasodilatation to ACh in doses to 0.2 ± 10-10 mol. In all poisoned rats, L-NOARG enhanced the effect of ACh used in doses from 0.05 to 0.5 ± 10-10 mol, whereas in the control group this effect was only achieved at 0.1 ± 10-10 mol. The serum nitric oxide concentration was decreased (P B < 0.05) in both groups of cadmium-treated rats. These results suggest that cadmium in hypertensive doses modifies the vascular effect of NO in basal conditions and after stimulation by ACh.
Optimizing Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Decision Analysis
Authors: Punglia Rinaa S. , Kuntz Karen M. , Winer Eric P. , Weeks Jane C. , Burstein Harold J. 
Published: July 2005

Purpose The optimal adjuvant endocrine strategy for postmenopausal breast cancer is unknown. Options include the antiestrogen tamoxifen, estrogen deprivation with aromatase inhibitors, and sequential therapy with tamoxifen and then an aromatase inhibitor. Methods We developed Markov models to simulate 10-year disease-free survival among postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. The treatment strategies analyzed were 5 years of tamoxifen alone, 5 years of an aromatase inhibitor alone, and sequential treatment consisting of tamoxifen with cross over to an aromatase inhibitor at 2.5 or 5 years. Risk estimates were derived from reported randomized clinical trials. Results Sequential therapy with tamoxifen followed by cross over to an aromatase inhibitor at 2.5 years yielded a modest improvement in disease-free survival compared with planned aromatase inhibitor monotherapy. At 10 years, the cross-over strategy yielded absolute disease-free survival rates of 83.7% and 67.6% for node-negative and node-positive patients, respectively, compared with 82.6% and 65.5%, respectively, for aromatase inhibitor monotherapy, which is a 6% relative risk reduction. Sequential therapy improved disease-free survival estimates by year 6 after treatment initiation. Later cross over from tamoxifen to an aromatase inhibitor at 5 years did not further improve 10-year disease-free survival estimates. Sensitivity analyses suggest that sequential treatment strategies optimized 10-year disease-free and distant disease–free survival independent of the degree of the beneficial carryover effect after aromatase inhibitor therapy or the ratio of local to distant tumor recurrence. Conclusion Modeling estimates suggest that sequential adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen followed by an aromatase inhibitor after 2.5 years yields improved outcomes compared with either drug alone or cross-over treatment after 5 years of tamoxifen.
Sucking while swimming: evaluating the effects of ram speed on suction generation in bluegill sunfishLepomis macrochirususing digital particle image velocimetry
Authors: Higham Timothy E. , Day Steven W. , Wainwright Peter C. 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYIt is well established that suction feeding fish use a variable amount of swimming (ram) during prey capture. However, the fluid mechanical effects of ram on suction feeding are not well established. In this study we quantified the effects of ram on the maximum fluid speed of the water entering the mouth during feeding as well as the spatial patterns of flow entering the mouth of suction-feeding bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus. Using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and high-speed video, we observed the flow in front of the mouth of three fish using a vertical laser sheet positioned on the mid-sagittal plane of the fish. From this we quantified the maximum fluid speed (measured at a distance in front of the mouth equal to one half of the maximum mouth diameter), the degree of focusing of water flow entering the mouth, and the shape of the ingested volume of water. Ram speed in 41 feeding sequences, measured at the time of maximum gape, ranged between 0 and 25 cm s–1, and the ratio of ram speed to fluid speed ranged from 0.1% to 19.1%. In a regression ram speed did not significantly affect peak fluid speed, but with an increase in ram speed the degree of focusing of water entering the mouth increased significantly, and the shape of the ingested volume of water became more elongate and narrow. The implications of these findings are that (1) suction feeders that employ ram of between 0% and 20% of fluid speed sacrifice little in terms of the fluid speeds they generate and(2) ram speed enhances the total body closing speed of the predator.
Does intracellular metabolite diffusion limit post-contractile recovery in burst locomotor muscle?
Authors: Kinsey Stephen T. , Pathi Pragyansri , Hardy Kristin M. , Jordan Amanda , Locke Bruce R. 
Published: July 2005

SUMMARYPost-metamorphic growth in the blue crab entails an increase in body mass that spans several orders of magnitude. The muscles that power burst swimming in these animals grow hypertrophically, such that small crabs have fiber diameters that are typical of most cells (&lt;60 μm) while in adult animals the fibers are giant (&gt;600 μm). Thus, as the animals grow, their muscle fibers cross and greatly exceed the surface area to volume ratio(SA:V) and intracellular diffusion distance threshold that is adhered to by most cells. Large fiber size should not impact burst contractile function, but post-contractile recovery may be limited by low SA:V and excessive intracellular diffusion distances. A number of changes occur in muscle structure, metabolic organization and metabolic flux during development to compensate for the effects of increasing fiber size. In the present study, we examined the impact of intracellular metabolite diffusive flux on the rate of post-contractile arginine phosphate(AP) resynthesis in burst locomotor muscle from small and large animals. AP recovery was measured following burst exercise, and these data were compared to a mathematical reaction–diffusion model of aerobic metabolism. The measured rates of AP resynthesis were independent of fiber size, while simulations of aerobic AP resynthesis yielded lower rates in large fibers. These contradictory findings are consistent with previous observations that there is an increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism for post-contractile metabolic recovery in large fibers. However, the model results suggest that the interaction between mitochondrial ATP production rates, ATP consumption rates and diffusion distances yield a system that is not particularly close to being limited by intracellular metabolite diffusion. We conclude that fiber SA:V and O2 flux exert more control than intracellular metabolite diffusive flux over the developmental changes in metabolic organization and metabolic fluxes that characterize these muscles.
Multiobjective optimization of journal bearing using mass conserving and genetic algorithms
Authors: Hirani H 
Published: July 2005

An optimal design of hydrodynamic journal bearing using mass conserving thermal analysis and genetic algorithms is presented. Simultaneous minimization of power loss and oil flow, subjected to constraints on film thickness, film pressure, and temperature rise between the bearing surfaces, is the objective of this study. The radial clearance, L/D ratio, oil groove location, feed pressure, and the oil viscosity are the design variables. The rank-based genetic algorithm is used to deal with the discrete variables and multimodal objective functions and to capture Pareto optimal points. In view of computation economics and robustness, initial guesses of oil film pressure distribution, eccentricity ratio, and attitude angle obtained by two-dimensional analytical approach are provided for mass conserving thermal analysis. The complete optimization strategy is illustrated by a step-by-step (in four steps) approach. A comparative study of thermal and isothermal analyses is illustrated. Effects of constraints on temperature, pressure, and film thickness on the design vector are enlightened. The mass conserving thermal analysis is validated against experimental results. Pareto optimal fronts for various operating conditions are presented.
Oil-film thickness and temperature measurements in PTFE and babbitt faced tilting-pad thrust bearings
Authors: McCarthy D. M. C. , Glavatskih S. B. , Sherrington I 
Published: July 2005

The influence of pad facing material on hydrodynamic lubrication in tilting-pad thrust bearings is investigated in terms of pad and oil-film temperatures and thicknesses. Two tilting-pad thrust bearings are examined: one with babbitt pad facing, the other with a layer of PTFE-based composite material. Frictional torque, pad, collar, and oil-film temperatures and thicknesses are all monitored by means of a comprehensive array of sensors mounted in the bearing and shaft. A considerably smaller range of temperature is seen in the steel backing immediately below the surface material for the PTFE faced pads. Oil-film temperatures measured at the mid-point on the pad trailing edge show no significant difference between the two bearings. Oil-film thicknesses in the two bearings are seen to differ. At the leading edge, oil-film thickness is thinner for the PTFE pad than for babbitt. However, at the trailing edge the PTFE pad has the thicker film.
A Genetic Screen Identifies Putative Targets and Binding Partners of CREB-Binding Protein in the Developing Drosophila Eye
Authors: Anderson Jason , Bhandari Rohan , Kumar Justin P 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Drosophila CREB-binding protein (dCBP) is a very large multidomain protein, which belongs to the CBP/p300 family of proteins that were first identified by their ability to bind the CREB transcription factor and the adenoviral protein E1. Since then CBP has been shown to bind to &gt;100 additional proteins and functions in a multitude of different developmental contexts. Among other activities, CBP is known to influence development by remodeling chromatin, by serving as a transcriptional coactivator, and by interacting with terminal members of several signaling transduction cascades. Reductions in CBP activity are the underlying cause of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, which is, in part, characterized by several eye defects, including strabismus, cataracts, juvenile glaucoma, and coloboma of the eyelid, iris, and lens. Development of the Drosophila melanogaster compound eye is also inhibited in flies that are mutant for CBP. However, the vast array of putative protein interactions and the wide-ranging roles played by CBP within a single tissue such as the retina can often complicate the analysis of CBP loss-of-function mutants. Through a series of genetic screens we have identified several genes that could either serve as downstream transcriptional targets or encode for potential CBP-binding partners and whose association with eye development has hitherto been unknown. The identification of these new components may provide new insight into the roles that CBP plays in retinal development. Of particular interest is the identification that the CREB transcription factor appears to function with CBP at multiple stages of retinal development.
An Assessment of Population Genetic Variation in Chinook Salmon from Seven Michigan Rivers 30 Years after Introduction
Authors: Weeder Julie A. , Marshall Anne R. , Epifanio John M. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were introduced into the Lake Michigan basin from 1966 to 1968 with the transfer of fertilized eggs from the Green River Hatchery, Washington. In the more than three decades since this founding, Chinook salmon occur and are managed throughout the Great Lakes basin as a mixture of feral and supplemented populations. To evaluate the extent of genetic diversity since initial founding, we examined the pattern of variation at 18 allozyme loci among feral Chinook salmon populations in seven Michigan watersheds. We observed little divergence and low heterogeneity among the seven populations, which was consistent with the pattern expected in a single, randomly mating gene pool. We believe that the two major mechanisms contributing to the lack of among-population heterogeneity are the relatively recent founding from a single source and the routine homogenization from annual releases of hatchery-propagated, common-brood-source juveniles. We compared genetic diversity in the founded population with that of the source population to assess impacts from management activities or other events that might have caused genetic bottlenecks. Six rare alleles observed in the source stock were absent in our combined Michigan samples (N = 256), and frequencies for two of these alleles were significantly different (P ≤ 0.01) between the source and Michigan samples. Several other allele frequencies also differed significantly between the source and founded populations, providing evidence that one or more sources of genetic drift have affected allelic variation in the Michigan population. Although conservation of native genetic diversity is not a prevailing issue for Chinook salmon in Michigan waters, management approaches aimed at maintaining overall compositional and structural diversity and any recently evolved but undetected river-specific diversity should avoid further depletion of genetic variation in this important Great Lakes recreational resource.
Evaluating Assumptions of Mark–Recapture Studies for Estimating Angling Exploitation of Walleyes in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Deroba Jonathan J. , Hansen Michael J. , Nate Nancy A. , Hennessy Joseph M. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
To test for violations of the assumptions of mark–recapture studies used to estimate angling exploitation rates of walleye Sander vitreus in northern Wisconsin lakes, we estimated the recapture rate (R/C) of walleyes previously marked for each month of the angling year for five length categories: all lengths combined, less than 12 in, 12–15 in, 15–20 in, and 20 in or larger. The recapture rate declined significantly during the year for all walleye length-classes combined and for all length-classes except walleyes 12–15 in long. The R/C ratio in May increased with length. We conclude that fin regeneration, which contributed to lack of mark recognition, or higher mortality due to marking, may have reduced the number of marks in the R/C ratio and therefore may have biased estimates of walleye angling exploitation rates.
Promoting Behavior Change Among Working-Class, Multiethnic Workers: Results of the Healthy Directions—Small Business Study
Authors: Sorensen Glorian , Barbeau Elizabeth , Stoddard Anne M. , Hunt Mary Kay , Kaphingst Kimberly , Wallace Lorraine 
Published: July 2005

Objectives. We examined the efficacy of a cancer prevention intervention designed to improve health behaviors among working-class, multiethnic populations employed in small manufacturing businesses. Methods. Worksites were randomly assigned to an intervention or minimal-intervention control condition. The intervention targeted fruit and vegetable consumption, red meat consumption, multivitamin use, and physical activity. Results. Employees in the intervention group showed greater improvements for every outcome compared with employees in the control group. Differences in improvement were statistically significant for multivitamin use and physical activity. Intervention effects were larger among workers than among managers for fruit and vegetable consumption and for physical activity. Conclusions. The social-context model holds promise for reducing disparities in health behaviors. Further research is needed to improve the effectiveness of the intervention.