bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myofiber adaptational response to exercise in a mouse model of nemaline myopathy
Authors: Nair‐Shalliker Visalini , Kee Anthony J. , Joya Josephine E. , Lucas Christina A. , Hoh Joseph F. , Hardeman Edna C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn some muscle diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, exercise can increase muscle damage and alter myofiber adaptation. We determined whether this is also true for the congenital muscle disease nemaline myopathy using our mouse model of this disease. Nemaline mice expressing a mutant α‐tropomyosinslow protein [α‐Tmslow(Met9Arg)] in skeletal muscle underwent 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. Exercise increased slow/oxidative myofibers, but different fibers were involved in these transformations in nemaline mice. Despite similar expression of the mutant α‐Tmslow protein in muscles of the nemaline mouse, muscles responded in a unique manner that did not reflect fiber‐type composition. For example, the particular fibers involved in fast‐to‐slow transformation were specific for each muscle examined. In contrast to the muscular dystrophies, exercise did not result in muscle damage nor did it cause an increase in rod‐containing fibers; however, the fiber‐type distribution of rod‐containing fibers was altered in a muscle‐specific fashion. That exercise did not exacerbate the pathology (i.e., nemaline rod formation) supports its use in nemaline myopathy patients. This study shows that fibers of a similar type respond to increased activity differently in different muscles and suggests that fibers of similar type may be functionally distinct in different muscles. Muscle Nerve 30: 470–480, 2004
Reversible inflammatory and vacuolar myopathy with vitamin E deficiency in celiac disease
Authors: Kleopa Kleopas A. , Kyriacou Kyriacos , Zamba‐Papanicolaou Eleni , Kyriakides Theodoros 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe report a patient with late‐onset celiac disease and neurological manifestations including myopathy, polyneuropathy, and ataxia. Laboratory investigations showed anti‐gliadin antibodies and severe vitamin E deficiency. Muscle biopsy revealed inflammatory infiltrates and rimmed vacuoles, similar to those found in inclusion‐body myositis. A gluten‐free diet and vitamin E supplementation reversed both the clinical neurological manifestations and the abnormalities in the muscle biopsy. Anti‐gliadin antibodies were no longer present. This case illustrates the spectrum of neurological complications of celiac disease and documents the occurrence of reversible pathology resembling inclusion‐body myopathy in the muscle. Muscle Nerve 2004
Accurate numerical simulation of radiative heat transfer with application to crystal growth
Authors: Ern Alexandre , Guermond Jean‐Luc 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe present an accurate and cost‐effective numerical method to investigate thermomagnetic problems arising in crystal growth applications. The governing equations are the quasi‐static, time‐harmonic, axisymmetric Maxwell equations coupled with an energy conservation equation. Radiant energy transfer is modeled by an integral equation yielding a strongly nonlinear and non‐local problem. Conformal finite elements are used to discretize the partial differential equations and a discontinuous Galerkin method to discretize the integral equation. A key aspect of the present methodology is to introduce an appropriate renormalization of the view factor matrix so that singularities near re‐entrant corners are resolved and optimal convergence rates are recovered. In addition, this renormalization guarantees, under some assumptions, that the discrete problem is well‐posed. Computational aspects related to the evaluation of view factors in axisymmetric enclosures are also addressed. We consider a ray‐search method involving an initial bracketing of the view angle interval followed by local azimuthal refinement near shadowing obstacles. The impact of renormalization on solution accuracy is assessed on reactors with convex and non‐convex enclosures. Numerical results are also compared with previous work. Finally, we consider an industrial prototype reactor involving several non‐convex radiating surfaces. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A family of lower‐ and higher‐order transversal linearization techniques in non‐linear stochastic engineering dynamics
Authors: Roy D. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSample pathwise numerical integration of noise‐driven engineering dynamical systems cannot generally be performed beyond a limited level of accuracy, especially when the noise processes are modelled using (filtered) white noises. Recently, a locally transversal linearization (LTL) strategy has been proposed by the author (Proc Roy Soc London A 2001; 457:539–566) for direct integration of deterministic and stochastic non‐linear dynamical systems. The present effort is focussed on a host of extensions along with detailed theoretical error analyses of the linearization approach, especially as applied to problems in non‐linear stochastic engineering dynamics. Thus, to begin with, estimates of local and global error orders in the basic LTL scheme are obtained separately for the displacement and velocity vectors when the system is driven either by a set of additive noises or by an arbitrary combination of (independently evolving) additive and multiplicative noises. Following this, a new family of higher‐order LTL schemes is proposed in order to improve upon the basic LTL method and the associated error orders are established. A stepwise implementation of the lower‐ and higher‐order versions of the LTL method, along with certain computational aspects, is also outlined. The proposed schemes are numerically illustrated, to a limited extent, for a single degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) and a two degree‐of‐freedom (TDOF) non‐linear engineering systems under additive and/or multiplicative white noise excitations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced modified quadratures for quadratic membrane finite elements
Authors: Long Craig S. , Groenwold Albert A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractReduced integration is frequently used in evaluating the element stiffness matrix of quadratically interpolated finite elements. Typical examples are the serendipity (Q8) and Lagrangian (Q9) membrane finite elements, for which a reduced 2 × 2 Gauss–Legendre integration rule is frequently used, as opposed to full 3 × 3 Gauss–Legendre integration. This ‘softens’ these element, thereby increasing accuracy, albeit at the introduction of spurious zero energy modes on the element level. This is in general not considered problematic for the ‘hourglass’ mode common to Q8 and Q9 elements, since this spurious mode is non‐communicable. The remaining two zero energy modes occurring in the Q9 element are indeed communicable. However, in topology optimization for instance, conditions may arise where the non‐communicable spurious mode associated with the elements becomes activated. To effectively suppress these modes altogether in elements employing quadratic interpolation fields, two modified quadratures are employed herein. For the Q8 and Q9 membrane elements, the respective rules are a five and an eight point rule. As compared to fully integrated elements, the new rules enhance element accuracy due to the introduction of soft, higher‐order deformation modes. A number of standard test problems reveal that element accuracy remains comparable to that of the under‐integrated counterparts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct stiffness analysis of a composite beam with partial interaction
Authors: Ranzi G. , Bradford M. A. , Uy B. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe use of the conventional semi‐analytical stiffness method in finite element analysis, in which interpolation polynomials are used to develop the stiffness relationships, leads to problems of curvature locking when beam‐type elements are developed for composite members with partial interaction between the materials of which it is comprised. The curvature locking phenomenon that occurs for composite steel–concrete members is quite well reported, and the general approach to minimizing the undesirable ramifications of curvature locking has been to use higher‐order polynomials with increasing numbers of internal nodes. This paper presents an alternate formulation based on a direct stiffness approach rather than starting from pre‐defined interpolation polynomials, and which does not possess the undesirable locking characteristics. The formulation is based on a more general approach for a bi‐material composite flexural member, whose constituent materials are joined by elastic shear connection so as to provide partial interaction. The stiffness relationships are derived, and these are applied to a simply supported and a continuous steel–concrete composite beam to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, and in particular its ability to model accurately both very flexible and very stiff shear connection that causes difficulties when implemented in competitive semi‐analytical algorithms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cell boundary element method for elliptic problems
Authors: Jeon Youngmok , Park Eun‐Jae , Sheen Dongwoo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAn elementary analysis on the cell boundary element (CBEM) was given by Jeon and Sheen. In this article we improve the previous results in various aspects. First of all, stability and convergence analysis on the rectangular grids are established. Moreover, error estimates are improved. Our improved analysis was possible by recasting of the CBEM in a Petrov‐Galerkin setting. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Estimating protein–ligand binding free energy: Atomic solvation parameters for partition coefficient and solvation free energy calculation
Authors: Pei Jianfeng , Wang Qi , Zhou Jiaju , Lai Luhua 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSolvation energy calculation is one of the main difficulties for the estimation of protein–ligand binding free energy and the correct scoring in docking studies. We have developed a new solvation energy estimation method for protein–ligand binding based on atomic solvation parameter (ASP), which has been shown to improve the power of protein–ligand binding free energy predictions. The ASP set, designed to handle both proteins and organic compounds and derived from experimental n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) data, contains 100 atom types (united model that treats hydrogen atoms implicitly) or 119 atom types (all‐atom model that treats hydrogen atoms explicitly). By using this unified ASP set, an algorithm was developed for solvation energy calculation and was further integrated into a score function for predicting protein–ligand binding affinity. The score function reproduced the absolute binding free energies of a test set of 50 protein–ligand complexes with a standard error of 8.31 kJ/mol. As a byproduct, a conformation‐dependent log P calculation algorithm named ASPLOGP was also implemented. The predictive results of ASPLOGP for a test set of 138 compounds were r = 0.968, s = 0.344 for the all‐atom model and r = 0.962, s = 0.367 for the united model, which were better than previous conformation‐dependent approaches and comparable to fragmental and atom‐based methods. ASPLOGP also gave good predictive results for small peptides. The score function based on the ASP model can be applied widely in protein–ligand interaction studies and structure‐based drug design. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making optimal use of empirical energy functions: Force‐field parameterization in crystal space
Authors: Krieger Elmar , Darden Tom , Nabuurs Sander B. , Finkelstein Alexei , Vriend Gert 
Published: August 2004

AbstractToday's energy functions are not able yet to distinguish reliably between correct and almost correct protein models. Improving these near‐native models is currently a major bottle‐neck in homology modeling or experimental structure determination at low resolution. Increasingly accurate energy functions are required to complete the “last mile of the protein folding problem,” for example during a molecular dynamics simulation. We present a new approach to reach this goal. For 50 high resolution X‐ray structures, the complete unit cell was reconstructed, including disordered water molecules, counter ions, and hydrogen atoms. Simulations were then run at the pH at which the crystal was solved, while force‐field parameters were iteratively adjusted so that the damage done to the structures was minimal. Starting with initial parameters from the AMBER force field, the optimization procedure converged at a new force field called YAMBER (Yet Another Model Building and Energy Refinement force field), which is shown to do significantly less damage to X‐ray structures, often move homology models in the right direction, and occasionally make them look like experimental structures. Application of YAMBER during the CASP5 structure prediction experiment yielded a model for target 176 that was ranked first among 150 submissions. Due to its compatibility with the well‐established AMBER format, YAMBER can be used by almost any molecular dynamics program. The parameters are freely available from www.yasara.org/yamber. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solution structure of γ‐bungarotoxin: The functional significance of amino acid residues flanking the RGD motif in integrin binding
Authors: Shiu Jia‐Hau , Chen Chiu‐Yueh , Chang Long‐Sen , Chen Yi‐Chun , Chen Yen‐Chin , Lo Yu‐Hui , Liu Yu‐Chen , Chuang Woei‐Jer 
Published: August 2004

Abstractγ‐Bungarotoxin, a snake venom protein isolated from Bungarus multicinctus, contains 68 amino acids, including 10 cysteine residues and a TAVRGDGP sequence at positions 30–37. The solution structure of γ‐bungarotoxin has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structure is similar to that of the short‐chain neurotoxins that contain three loops extending from a disulfide‐bridged core. The tripeptide Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence is located at the apex of the flexible loop and is similar to that of other RGD‐containing proteins. However, γ‐bungarotoxin only inhibits platelet aggregations with an IC50 of 34 μM. To understand its weak activity in inhibiting platelet aggregation, we mutated the RGD loop sequences of rhodostomin, a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor, from RIPRGDMP to TAVRGDGP, resulting in a 196‐fold decrease in activity. In addition, the average Cα‐to‐Cα distance between R33 and G36 of γ‐bungarotoxin is 6.02 Å, i.e., shorter than that of other RGD‐containing proteins that range from 6.55 to 7.46 Å. These results suggested that the amino acid residues flanking the RGD motif might control the width of the RGD loop. This structural difference may be responsible for its decrease in platelet aggregation inhibition compared with other RGD‐containing proteins. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation and rehabilitation of a building affected by a gas explosion
Authors: Bob Corneliu 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe paper deals with efficient solutions for rehabilitation of a block of flats affected by a gas explosion in December 2002. The first part of the paper is devoted to general aspects of the effects of explosions on buildings and personnel. The characteristic of the peak incident pressure as well as maximum reflected pressure are presented. The design procedures and rehabilitation solutions of the buildings subjected to blast loads are described. Rehabilitation solutions for general structural vulnerabilities as well as specific solutions for rehabilitation are presented for RC structures, steel structures and masonry structures. These solutions have been adopted from those already used to develop seismic retrofits. Special attention has been paid to carbon‐fibre‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials.The second part presents a case study analysis and rehabilitation of a block of flats. The damage due to the explosion is presented for the different structural elements: those in direct contact with blast pressure and the surrounding structural members. Structural analysis comprises two important aspects: the behaviour of the structural members subjected to direct blast pressure and the analysis of the state stresses in the entire building.The rehabilitation solutions were chosen in accordance with the actual stage of the building. New elements have been used instead of the completely destroyed structural members. RC coatings and columns were necessary to assure continuity and stability of vertical members with serious damage after explosion. Longitudinal beams have the role of connecting the new vertical members. Utilization of CFRP for strengthening of slightly damaged elements has the advantages of easy technology and short time of erection. The other technical and economical advantages of the rehabilitation solutions are: safe behaviour under seismic action; slight change of general stiffness of the structure; small cost of rehabilitation. The consolidation and finishing works were completed by the middle of 2003.
Are exponential‐type basis sets preferable to Gaussians?
Authors: Shavitt Isaiah 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe relative merits of exponential‐type and Gaussian basis sets are discussed. It is argued that contracted Gaussian basis sets are not just an expedient replacement for exponential‐type basis sets but have desirable properties of their own that make them appropriate choices for molecular electronic structure calculation, apart from the ease of calculation of their multicenter integrals. A variety of studies are quoted showing that appropriately chosen contracted Gaussian basis sets can produce satisfactory results even for electronic properties that depend strongly on the values of the wave function in regions close to and far from the nuclei. Further, it is argued that the long‐range behavior of the wave function in regions of consequence for the calculation of energies and electronic properties can actually be represented better by such basis sets than by exponential‐type basis sets. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Many‐center Coulomb Sturmians and Shibuya–Wulfman integrals
Authors: Avery John 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWhen momentum space is projected onto the surface of a unit 4‐D hypersphere by means of Fock's mapping, Coulomb Sturmian basis functions can be simply represented in terms of hyperspherical harmonics. The properties of these harmonics can be used to evaluate Shibuya–Wulfman integrals and other integrals that arise when the Sturmian basis functions are used in molecular calculations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Effects of Qi‐training on anxiety and plasma concentrations of cortisol, ACTH, and aldosterone: a randomized placebo‐controlled pilot study
Authors: Lee Myeong Soo , Kang Chang‐Won , Lim Hyun‐Ja , Lee Myung‐Suk 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe effects of Qi‐training on anxiety, and plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and aldosterone in healthy young men was investigated. Thirty‐two subjects were randomly assigned to a sham control group or a Qi‐training group. Although the basal level of anxiety did not differ between the groups, there was a significant group by time interaction of the 1‐hour intervention; anxiety decreased by 26 per cent in the Qi‐training group and by 9 per cent in the control group. After Qi‐training, the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, and aldosterone decreased, but these levels did not change in the control group. These findings suggest that Qi‐training improves anxiety and has a significant effect on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State policies and the challenges in attracting foreign direct investment: A review of the Ghana experience
Authors: Mmieh Frederick , Owusu‐Frimpong Nana 
Published: August 2004

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) to low‐income countries has not only received much publicity in the past two decades due to its economic importance, but its overall flow to these countries has also significantly increased in both relative and absolute terms. However, only a few sub‐Saharan African countries have been successful in attracting significant FDI flows. This article examines Ghana's experience in attracting FDI. Thus, the main thrust of this article is threefold. First, it evaluates the main economic policy adopted by the government from 1981 to 2002 to reverse the post‐independence economic decline. Second, it examines how the policies facilitated the attraction of FDI inflows to Ghana. Finally, it reviews some of the problems that impede the attraction of value‐added FDI inflows to Ghana. Qualitative analysis of available evidence reveals that the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), the main economic reform policy, has led to an increase in the number of multinationals investing in Ghana. This article argues that Ghana's SAP has had some degree of success in many areas, including the lowering of inflation; promotion of an environment of financial stability; elimination of the licensing requirement; the opening of previously closed sectors; removal of tariff barriers that prohibit FDI inflows; abolishing exchange controls; and reducing opportunities for the foreign exchange black market. In spite of the developments, there are still serious challenges that hamper the attraction of FDI inflows into the country. This article contends that there is the need for urgent action to tackle these challenges. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Questioning Fundamentals: Leyland Daf and the ‘Ownership’ of Charged Property
Authors: Selvam Vijay S. V. 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
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Retraction. Modern Law Review 67: 6, 1046‐1046.

Online publication date: 1‐Oct‐2004. Although the House of Lords decision in Leyland Daf was primarily concerned with the order for distribution of assets in a winding‐up, it has several other far‐reaching ramifications and repercussions. The reasoning of their Lordships in the case alters our understanding of the very nature and operation of a charge over a company's assets. This reasoning strikes at the heart of the law of security interests, bringing into question the fundamental distinction between a charge and a mortgage. Furthermore the decision has given a whole new complexion to the concept of a floating charge which will have tremendous consequences for its application in commercial practice. This paper analyses the decision firstly on the basis of its legal principle and then on the basis of its policy considerations and concludes that its reasoning is neither sound nor justifiable on either ground.