bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Predictive of Body Size and Proportionality in Humans
Authors: Stibel Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe effects of climate change on plants and animals have been examined across numerous species, yet little evidence has been produced to demonstrate an influence on human evolution. Here the impact of climate change on human body size and scaling is examined over a period of 700,000 years using five independent paleoclimate records. Across 247 Homo specimens, body mass averaged significantly smaller during periods of climatic warming as compared to cooler cycles. Body proportions also changed significantly, appearing more ectomorphic during warmer periods and more endomorphic during periods of cooling across a sample of 87 specimens. The results indicate a relationship between climate change and body size and shape in humans that is driven by natural selection in response to thermoregulatory demands. The findings suggest that body size adaptations in response to climate change occurred early and potentially implicated cultural adaptations in later periods, muting the morphological response to extreme climates. Because morphological variation has been used as a factor for classification within the genus Homo, taxonomic and phylogenic decisions may need to be reconsidered in the context of temporal climate differences.
Enhanced chemical recovery of phosphorus from residues of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
Authors: Schleyken J. , Gumpert F. , Tränckner S. , Palm H. W. , Tränckner J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recirculating aquaculture systems, cultivated fish cannot incorporate all the phosphate contained in the feed. Excess phosphate ends up in the culture water and in the sludge produced. If the sludge cannot be valorised directly in agriculture, a chemical recovery as concentrated phosphate is an interesting option to help closing the phosphorus cycle. This study investigates the extent to which accumulated phosphorus can be recovered by acid re-dissolution with subsequent precipitation on sludge from two different recirculating aquaculture systems cultivating African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Acid treatment could increase the ratio of dissolved phosphorus available for subsequent precipitation by 53% for extensive and by 61% for intensive fish farming. With the consecutive precipitation in total up to 86% of the phosphorus from the sludge could be recovered. Phosphorus re-dissolution with citric acid requires the highest amount of acid per g dry matter as well as of sodium hydroxide for subsequent precipitation. Sulfuric and nitric acids have comparably lower demands.
A federated pedestrian trajectory prediction model with data privacy protection
Authors: Ni Rongrong , Lu Yanan , Yang Biao , Yang Changchun , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPedestrian trajectory prediction is essential for self-driving vehicles, social robots, and intelligent monitoring applications. Diverse trajectory data is critical for high-accuracy trajectory prediction. However, the trajectory data is captured in scattered scenes, which can cause the problem of data island. Furthermore, artificial aggregation of trajectory data suffers from the risk of data leakage, ignoring the rule of privacy protection. We propose a multi-scene federated trajectory prediction (Fed-TP) method to solve the above problems. As our key contribution, a destination-oriented LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory)-based trajectory prediction (DO-TP) network is proposed in each scene to forecast future trajectories in an encoder-decoder manner. The independent training using trajectory data in each scene can prevent data leakage and achieves high privacy security. As another key contribution, a federated learning framework is introduced to break the scene limitation by conducting distributed collaborative training. The performance of different federated learning methods is compared on public datasets, including ETH, UCY, and Stanford Drone Dataset (SDD). Compared with FedAvg and FedProx, FedAtt is more suitable for pedestrian trajectory prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has better data privacy security than directly training on multiple scenes and superior prediction performance than training on a single scene.
An explicit upper bound for $$L(1,\chi )$$ when $$\chi $$ is quadratic
Authors: Johnston D. R. , Ramaré O. , Trudgian T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider Dirichlet L-functions $$L(s, \chi )$$

L
(
s
,
χ
)

where $$\chi $$
χ
is a non-principal quadratic character to the modulus q. We make explicit a result due to Pintz and Stephens by showing that $$|L(1, \chi )|\leqslant \frac{1}{2}\log q$$

|
L

(
1
,
χ
)

|

⩽

1
2

log
q

for all $$q\geqslant 2\cdot 10^{23}$$

q
⩾
2
·

10
23

and $$|L(1, \chi )|\leqslant \frac{9}{20}\log q$$

|
L

(
1
,
χ
)

|

⩽

9
20

log
q

for all $$q\geqslant 5\cdot 10^{50}$$

q
⩾
5
·

10
50

.
Optimal Backfilling Materials with High Compressive Strength Based on Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Gomaa Ehab , El-Nagdy K. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackfilling material such as tailing (mine wastes) mixing with cement or gypsum has grown throughout the world’s underground mines. However, despite their growing popularity, the typical hydraulic and mechanical fill types utilized in many mines still exist. Deep underground mining has increased due to the lack of commercial minerals nearby. Mine wastes were considered the main part of backfilling to prevent environmental pollution, ground subsidence after mine abandonment, and mine collapse during deeper extraction phases. The cemented backfill technique is the principal technique used in underground mines, which include cement with fly ash and/or filter dust, cement with tailing material and fly ash, gypsum with fly ash, and synthetic anhydrite with fly ash and have been reviewed. It has concluded that a backfilling material must be selected based on further goals, available material near the mine site, and economic factors. This paper analyzes different backfill material mixtures to create a technique that will increase safety in underground mining conditions and foresees an appropriate formula that gives high uniaxial compressive strength. The multiple linear regression (MLR) on the collected data from the experimental works to construct the relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the mixture and the components of the backfilling and the prediction formula for expected compressive strength was obtained. The results revealed that the predicted regression equation was robust and reliable to predict the (UCS) for the new components of the filling (cement (CE), filter dust (FD), water content (WC), and time (T)).
Inter-specific competition between seeds and seedlings of two confamilial tropical trees
Authors: Salekin Serajis , Hossain Md. Nazmul , Alam Md Azharul , Limon Sharif Hasan , Rahman Md. Saidur 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInter-specific competition among species in a mixed species plantation is inevitable, and the degree of competition for available resources determines the success of species co-existence. Different species compete and interact for resources at different physiological and developmental stages. However, most research has investigated inter-specific competition at the mature stage. We examined seed germination and seedling growth of two confamilial species, Albizia saman and Albizia lebbeck, and explored inter-specific competition at their early life stages, grown in a mixture of different proportions of seeds and seedlings through a series of replacement experiment. The experiment included germination and height growth tests for each species on its own, as well as three mixtures of species with ratios of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25. We found that the germination speed and percentage, the probability of seedling emergence, and the seedling height were significantly higher in A. saman than in A. lebbeck. Moreover, in mixtures, we observed that A. saman exhibits higher germination speed and percentages compared to A. lebbeck. The increase in seedling height did not vary significantly among treatments when the seedlings of the studied species were mixed in different proportions. However, both species showed an apparent benefit when growing together, which was significantly influenced by A. saman in terms of inter-specific competition indexes. The knowledge of the early growth performance of these species and their inter-specific competition presented in this study may influence recruitment success and will be useful in understanding the population dynamics in the case of a mixed species plantation. Furthermore, our study suggests that there could be an impact of species mixture on the regeneration or recruitment process, even when the species are confamilial. Therefore, this information could be useful for selecting suitable species mixtures in any afforestation and reforestation activities.
A Low-Cost Alternating Projection Approach for a Continuous Formulation of Convex and Cardinality Constrained Optimization
Authors: Krejić N. , Krulikovski E. H. M. , Raydan M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider convex constrained optimization problems that also include a cardinality constraint. In general, optimization problems with cardinality constraints are difficult mathematical programs which are usually solved by global techniques from discrete optimization. We assume that the region defined by the convex constraints can be written as the intersection of a finite collection of convex sets, such that it is easy and inexpensive to project onto each one of them (e.g., boxes, hyper-planes, or half-spaces). Taking advantage of a recently developed continuous reformulation that relaxes the cardinality constraint, we propose a specialized penalty gradient projection scheme combined with alternating projection ideas to compute a solution candidate for these problems, i.e., a local (possibly non-global) solution. To illustrate the proposed algorithm, we focus on the standard mean-variance portfolio optimization problem for which we can only invest in a preestablished limited number of assets. For these portfolio problems with cardinality constraints, we present a numerical study on a variety of data sets involving real-world capital market indices from major stock markets. In many cases, we observe that the proposed scheme converges to the global solution. On those data sets, we illustrate the practical performance of the proposed scheme to produce the effective frontiers for different values of the limited number of allowed assets.
High-quality economic growth and carbon emissions in Chinese cities: the moderating role of fiscal policies
Authors: Zhao Guizhi , Guo Yanfei , Bo Lan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the rapidly evolving landscape of contemporary China, urban centers have emerged as focal points of a significant environmental challenge—carbon emissions. This comprehensive study delves into an intricate analysis, utilizing data gathered from 140 prefecture-level cities across China. Its principal aim is to dissect the effectiveness of strategies aimed at carbon reduction and fiscal policies within the multifaceted canvas of China’s urban metamorphosis, where the pursuit of high-caliber economic development takes precedence. The findings can be succinctly summarized as follows. Firstly, a statistically significant inverse correlation exists between high-quality economic development and carbon emissions in China’s urban centers. Secondly, when comparing resource-based cities to their non-resource-based counterparts, the former’s high-quality economic development plays a more prominent role in fostering carbon emission reduction. Finally, fiscal policies emerge as pivotal “accelerators” for advancing carbon emission reduction through high-quality economic development. However, their efficacy exhibits notable variations. It is essential to note that the moderating effect of environmental protection expenditures lacks statistical significance in resource-based cities and northern cities. Furthermore, the regulatory influence of resource taxation in southern cities is yet to be firmly established. This study provides practical policy recommendations for optimizing China’s eco-friendly fiscal system. These recommendations not only contribute to the realization of a green transition model for economic development but also serve as a valuable reference for governmental design of carbon emission reduction policies.
Using institutional ethnography to analyse animal sheltering and protection II: Animal shelter work
Authors: Koralesky Katherine E , Rankin Janet M , Fraser David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEfficient adoption is an important aim of animal shelters, but it is not possible for all animals including those with serious behavioural problems. We used institutional ethnography to explore the everyday work of frontline shelter staff in a large animal sheltering and protection organisation and to examine how their work is organised by standardised institutional procedures. Shelter staff routinely conduct behavioural evaluations of dogs and review intake documents, in part to plan care for animals and inform potential adopters about animal characteristics as well as protect volunteers and community members from human-directed aggression. Staff were challenged and felt pressure, however, to find time to work with animals identified as having behavioural problems because much of their work is directed toward other goals such as facilitating efficient adoption for the majority and anticipating future demands for kennel space. This work is organised by management approaches that broadly aim to maintain a manageable shelter animal population based on available resources, decrease the length of time animals spend in shelters and house animals based on individual needs. However, this organisation limits the ability of staff to work closely with long-stay animals whose behavioural problems require modification and management. This also creates stress for staff who care for these animals and are emotionally invested in them. Further inquiry and improvements might involve supporting the work of behavioural modification and management where it is needed and expanding fostering programmes for animals with special needs.
Perchlorate in Year‐Round Antarctic Precipitation
Authors: Jiang S. , Shi G. , Cole‐Dai J. , Wang M. , Li Y. , Wu G. , An C. , Sun B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractYear‐round precipitation in coastal East Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula was used to investigate the seasonal patterns in sources of atmospheric perchlorate (). Although featuring distinct climates, the two locations exhibit similar annual mean and seasonal cycles of concentration, with higher values in autumn and lower concentrations in winter and spring. Tropospheric formation dominates atmospheric in spring and summer, which is influenced by both oxidants levels and environmental conditions (e.g., air humidity). Tropospheric production may also be promoted by elevated levels of oxidants brought by air mass from the interior Antarctic ice sheet in spring and summer. The autumn concentration maximum may originate from produced in the stratosphere through reactions between reactive chlorine and ozone during spring and summer. In winter, the stratospheric input may contribute to via polar stratospheric clouds sedimentation.
The Effect of Conduit Walls Roughness on Volcanic Jets and Their Seismo‐Acoustic Radiation: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Spina Laura , Taddeucci Jacopo , Pennacchia Francesco , Morgavi Daniele , Peña Fernández Juan José , Sesterhenn Jörn , La Spina Giuseppe , Scarlato Piergiorgio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo explore the effect of conduit roughness on volcanic jet dynamics and on the related seismo‐acoustic radiation we performed a series of shock‐tube experiments using pipes with variable inner surface fractal dimension D. Variable starting pressure produced subsonic to supersonic jets visualized using high‐speed shadowgraph and recorded with an array of accelerometers and microphones. At all starting pressures, increasing D increases the energy transfer from the gas to the conduit walls, decreasing the jet exit velocity (Mach number) and, for supersonic cases, the related shock‐cell spacing, and increasing the seismic to acoustic radiation amplitude ratio. The roughness‐induced changes in jet velocity and turbulence affect the dominant sources of the jet noise and modulates the spectral properties of the acoustic signals. From our study we show that conduit wall roughness is an important and yet largely neglected factor in the dynamics of explosive volcanic eruptions and their monitored geophysical signals.
Investigating Inherent Numerical Stabilization for the Moist, Compressible, Non‐Hydrostatic Euler Equations on Collocated Grids
Authors: Norman Matthew R. , Eldred Christopher , Gopalakrishnan Meena Muralikrishnan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates inherent numerical dissipation due to upwind fluxes and reconstruction strategies for collocated Finite‐Volume integration of the Euler equations. Idealized supercell simulations are used without any explicit dissipation. Flux terms are split into: mass flux, pressure, and advected quantities. They are computed with the following upwind strategies: central, advectively upwind, and acoustically upwind. This is performed for third and ninth‐order‐accurate reconstructions with and without Weighted Essentially Non‐Oscillatory limiting. Acoustic‐only upwinding for pressure and mass flux terms and advective‐only upwinding for advected quantities is the most flexible simplification found. It reduces data movement and computations. Assuming a constant speed of sound in acoustic upwinding gives similar results to using the true speed of sound. Dissipation from upwind adapts automatically to grid spacing, time step, reconstruction accuracy, and flow smoothness. While stability is maintained even at 21st‐order spatial accuracy, there is a limit to the spatial order of accuracy for which upwinding alone can create a realizable solution in the conditions of this study. Convex combinations of upwind and central solutions for flux terms also reduced dissipation, but as the central proportion grows, solutions become physically unrealizable. The range of length scales of the kinetic energy spectra can be extended along k−5/3 to smaller spatial scales by reducing dissipation either with higher‐order reconstructions or using convex combinations of upwind and central fluxes. However, not all extensions of the length scale range along k−5/3 exhibit physically realizable solutions, even though the spectra appear to be physical.
Dasatinib anhydrate containing oral formulation improves variability and bioavailability in humans
Authors: Hofmann Jiří , Bartůněk Aleš , Hauser Tomáš , Sedmak Gregor , Beránek Josef , Ryšánek Pavel , Šíma Martin , Slanař Ondřej 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDasatinib monohydrate indicated for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia displays pH-dependent solubility. The aim of reported development program of novel dasatinib anhydrate containing formulation was to demonstrate improved absorption and lower pharmacokinetic variability compared to dasatinib monohydrate. In a bioavailability study comparing formulations containing 110.6 mg and 140 mg of dasatinib as anhydrate and monohydrate, respectively, both Cmax and AUC of dasatinib were within standard 80.00–125.00% range, while the intra- and inter-subject variability for AUC0-inf after the test product was approximately 3-fold and 1.5-fold less than after the reference, respectively.In a drug–drug interaction study, omeprazole 40 mg reduced the mean AUC0-inf of dasatinib by 19%, when the test was ingested 2 h before the 5th omeprazole dose. This decrease of exposure is clinically irrelevant and substantially less than after the reference. Co-prescription analysis supports the importance of pH-dependent solubility of dasatinib, as >21% of patients were treated concomitantly with a PPI and dasatinib despite warnings against this co-medication in the SmPC.The novel dasatinib anhydrate containing formulation demonstrated improved absorption and less pharmacokinetic variability compared to dasatinib monohydrate product, which may translate into improved clinical outcomes, although this needs to be proven by an appropriate trial.
The uncertain role of substandard and falsified medicines in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Cavany Sean , Nanyonga Stella , Hauk Cathrin , Lim Cherry , Tarning Joel , Sartorius Benn , Dolecek Christiane , Caillet Céline , Newton Paul N. , Cooper Ben S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractApproximately 10% of antimicrobials used by humans in low- and middle-income countries are estimated to be substandard or falsified. In addition to their negative impact on morbidity and mortality, they may also be important drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Despite such concerns, our understanding of this relationship remains rudimentary. Substandard and falsified medicines have the potential to either increase or decrease levels of resistance, and here we discuss a range of mechanisms that could drive these changes. Understanding these effects and their relative importance will require an improved understanding of how different drug exposures affect the emergence and spread of resistance and of how the percentage of active pharmaceutical ingredients in substandard and falsified medicines is temporally and spatially distributed.
Microfluidic investigation of the impacts of flow fluctuations on the development of Pseudomonas putida biofilms
Authors: Wei Guanju , Yang Judy Q. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiofilms play critical roles in wastewater treatment, bioremediation, and medical-device-related infections. Understanding the dynamics of biofilm formation and growth is essential for controlling and exploiting their properties. However, the majority of current studies have focused on the impact of steady flows on biofilm growth, while flow fluctuations are common in natural and engineered systems such as water pipes and blood vessels. Here, we reveal the effects of flow fluctuations on the development of Pseudomonas putida biofilms through systematic microfluidic experiments and the development of a theoretical model. Our experimental results showed that biofilm growth under fluctuating flow conditions followed three phases: lag, exponential, and fluctuation phases. In contrast, biofilm growth under steady-flow conditions followed four phases: lag, exponential, stationary, and decline phases. Furthermore, we demonstrated that low-frequency flow fluctuations promoted biofilm growth, while high-frequency fluctuations inhibited its development. We attributed the contradictory impacts of flow fluctuations on biofilm growth to the adjustment time (T0) needed for biofilm to grow after the shear stress changed from high to low. Furthermore, we developed a theoretical model that explains the observed biofilm growth under fluctuating flow conditions. Our insights into the mechanisms underlying biofilm development under fluctuating flows can inform the design of strategies to control biofilm formation in diverse natural and engineered systems.