bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-3 expression by myeloma cells increases both osteoclast formation and growth of myeloma cells
Authors: Lee Jun Won , Chung Ho Yeon , Ehrlich Lori A. , Jelinek Diane F. , Callander Natalie S. , Roodman G. David , Choi Sun Jin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMacrophage inflammatory protein–1α (MIP-1α) gene expression is abnormally regulated in multiple myeloma (MM) owing to imbalanced expression of the acute myeloid leukemia–1A (AML-1A) and AML-1B transcription factors. We hypothesized that the increased expression ratios of AML-1A to AML-1B also induced abnormal expression of other hematopoietic and bone-specific genes that contribute to the poor prognosis of MM patients with high levels of MIP-1α. We found that interleukin-3 (IL-3) was also induced by the imbalanced AML-1A and AML-1B expression in myeloma. IL-3 mRNA levels were increased in CD138+ purified myeloma cells with increased AML-1A–to–AML-1B expression from MM patients, and IL-3 protein levels were significantly increased in freshly isolated bone marrow plasma from MM patients (66.4 ± 12 versus 22.1 ± 8.2 pg/mL; P = .038). IL-3 in combination with MIP-1α or receptor activator of nuclear factor–kappa B ligand (RANKL) significantly enhanced human osteoclast (OCL) formation and bone resorption compared with MIP-1α or RANKL alone. IL-3 stimulated the growth of interleukin-6 (IL-6)–dependent and IL-6–independent myeloma cells in the absence of IL-6, even though IL-3 did not induce IL-6 expression by myeloma cells. These data suggest that increased IL-3 levels in the bone marrow microenvironment of MM patients with imbalanced AML-1A and AML-1B expression can increase bone destruction and tumor cell growth.
Plasmodium falciparum induces reorganization of host membrane proteins during intraerythrocytic growth
Authors: Parker Phillip D. , Tilley Leann , Klonis Nectarios 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe virulence of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is due in large part to the way in which it modifies the membrane of its erythrocyte host. In this work we have used confocal microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching to examine the lateral mobility of host membrane proteins in erythrocytes infected with P falciparum at different stages of parasite growth. The erythrocyte membrane proteins band 3 and glycophorin show a marked decrease in mobility during the trophozoite stage of growth. Erythrocytes infected with a parasite strain that does not express the knob-associated histidine-rich protein show similar effects, indicating that this parasite protein does not contribute to the immobilization of the host proteins. Erythrocytes infected with ring-stage parasites exhibit intermediate mobility indicating that the parasite is able to modify its host prior to its active feeding stage.
A Potential Role for Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate in the Stimulation of Hepatic Glucokinase Gene Expression
Authors: Wu Chaodong , Okar David A. , Stoeckman Angela K. , Peng Li-Jen , Herrera Amy H. , Herrera Julio E. , Towle Howard C. , Lange Alex J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe effects of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-P2) on hepatic glucokinase (GK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) gene expression were investigated in streptozotocin-treated mice, which exhibited undetectable levels of insulin. Hepatic F-2,6-P2 levels were manipulated by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Streptozotocin treatment alone or with infusion of control adenovirus leads to a dramatic decrease in hepatic F-2,6-P2 content compared with normal nondiabetic mice. This is accompanied by a 14-fold decrease in GK and a 3-fold increase in G-6-Pase protein levels, consistent with a diabetic phenotype. Streptozotocin-treated mice that were infused with adenovirus-overexpressing an engineered 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase with high kinase activity and little bisphosphatase activity showed high levels of hepatic F-2,6-P2. Surprisingly, these mice had a 13-fold increase in GK protein and a 2-fold decrease in G-6-Pase protein compared with diabetic controls. The restoration of GK is associated with increases in the phosphorylation of Akt upon increasing hepatic F-2,6-P2 content. Moreover, the changes in levels of F-2,6-P2 and Akt phosphorylation revealed a pattern similar to that of streptozotocin mice treated with insulin, indicating that increasing hepatic content of F-2,6-P2 mimics the action of insulin. Because G-6-Pase gene expression was down-regulated only after the restoration of euglycemia, the effect of F-2,6-P2 was indirect. Also, the lowering of blood glucose by high F-2,6-P2 was associated with an increase in hepatic nuclear factor 1-α protein, a transcription factor involved in G-6-Pase gene expression. In conclusion, F-2,6-P2 can stimulate hepatic GK gene expression in an insulin-independent manner and can secondarily affect G-6-Pase gene expression by lowering the level of plasma glucose.
Mechanically induced axon reflex and hyperalgesia in human UV‐B burn are reduced by systemic lidocaine
Authors: Koppert Wolfgang , Brueckl Valeska , Weidner Christian , Schmelz Martin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe mechanisms for the induction of primary mechanical hyperalgesia are unclear. We analyzed the neurogenic axon reflex erythema (flare) following phasic mechanical stimulation in normal and in UV‐B irradiated skin. In a cross‐over double blind design (n=10), low dose of systemic lidocaine suppressed mechanical hyperalgesia in sunburned skin and in the mechanically induced flare. Phasic mechanical stimulation, even at painful intensities, did not evoke a flare reaction in normal skin. However, stimulation within the UV‐B burn dose‐dependently provoked an immediate flare reaction. Systemic lidocaine suppressed the mechanically induced flare as well as the mechanical hyperalgesia in sunburned skin, while leaving the impact‐induced ratings in normal skin unchanged. Systemic lidocaine reduced these effects of sensitization, but did not reduce ratings in normal skin. As mechanically insensitive (“sleeping”) nociceptors have been shown to mediate the axon‐reflex in human skin, sensitization of this class of nociceptors might contribute also to the UV‐B‐induced primary mechanical hyperalgesia.
Role of spinal 5‐HT1A receptors in morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats
Authors: Bardin Laurent , Colpaert Francis C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe here studied the involvement of spinally located 5‐HT1A and opioid receptors, in the paradoxical effects that their activation can produce on nociception. Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist 8‐hydroxy‐2‐{di‐n‐propylamino} tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) (1–10 μg) induced analgesic effects in the formalin model of tonic pain whereas in the paw pressure test, it decreased the vocalization threshold. In this latter test, i.t. 8‐OH‐DPAT also markedly reduced the analgesic effect of systemic morphine (5–10 mg/kg, s.c.). At 10 μg, 8‐OH‐DPAT totally abolished the effect of 5 mg/kg of morphine; this inhibitory effect was antagonized by pre‐treatment with 0.63 mg/kg of the 5‐HT1A antagonist WAY‐100635 (N {2‐{4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐piperazinyl}‐ethyl}‐N‐(2‐pyridinyl)‐cyclohexanecarboxamide‐trihydrochloride). In contrast, the i.t. injection of WAY‐100635 (1–10 μg) dose‐dependently potentiated the antinociceptive activity of a dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.). Furthermore, WAY‐100635 (10 μg, i.t.) potentiated morphine analgesia in morphine‐tolerant rats. These findings demonstrate that 5‐HT1A receptor agonists can act in the spinal cord to produce both hyper‐ and hypo‐algesic effects and play a major role in the opioid analgesia and tolerance.
The Fear of Pain questionnaire: factor structure in samples of young, middle‐aged and elderly European people
Authors: Albaret Marie‐Christine , Sastre María Teresa Muñoz , Cottencin Audrey , Mullet Etienne 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe present study examined the factor structure of the Fear of Pain questionnaire in three independent samples composed of European young adults, middle‐aged, and elderly people. Seven hundred and thirty one adults (426 females and 305 males) were presented with the French adaptation of the questionnaire (30 items) and with an Exposure to Painful Situations questionnaire that contained the same items as the Fear of Pain questionnaire and where participants were instructed to indicate all the painful situations they have experienced in the past. When tested on the whole set of 30 items, the correlated three‐factor model evidenced in previous studies—Severe pain, Minor pain and Medical pain—poorly fit the data. When tested on a set of 15 two‐item parcels, the fit of this model was much better but the correlations between factors were very high. When tested on a reduced set of 15 items, the model fit the data as well as when it was tested on the set of 15 parcels, and the correlations between the three factors were lower. The study also examined the link between previous exposure to pain and fear of pain. The hypothesis that previous “natural” exposure to pain should generally result in a decrease in fear of pain was supported by the data. For 14 items, the exposure effect was moderate to strong.
Migraine and tension headache in children under 6 years of age
Authors: Balottin Umberto , Nicoli Francesca , Pitillo Giovanni , Ginevra Oreste Ferrari , Borgatti Renato , Lanzi Giovanni 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective. To investigate the clinical features of idiopathic headache with early onset, whose presence is probably underestimated by parents and physicians and the influence of environmental and psychological factors on headache in children.Methods. We report on a prospective longitudinal evaluation of 35 consecutive children referred to the Neuropsychiatry Departments of the Universities of Varese and Pavia (mean age at the first observation: 4 years and 7 months, range: 12 months‐6 years; mean age at onset: 4 years and 2 months, range: 10 months‐6 years) presenting with headache symptomatology. Mean duration of clinical follow‐up: 9.5 months. The diagnosis based on the IHS criteria was then compared to the intuitive clinical diagnosis made in accordance with alternative case definitions. We examined our patients for the presence of early developmental disorders and interictal somatic disorders. We also studied the role of psychosocial factors at the onset and in the course of headache.Results. Diagnosis: migraine without aura in two cases, episodic tension headache in four cases, migrainous disorders not fulfilling above criteria in eight cases, headache of the tension‐type not fulfilling above criteria in 12 cases and headache not classifiable in nine cases. Clinical features of headache are described in the text. Early developmental disorders (0–2 years), such as eating difficulties and sleep disorders, were detected in 18/35 children. Among patients older than 2 years, we also detected interictal somatic disorders (20 cases) such as sleep disorders, eating difficulties, enuresis and idiopathic vomiting. In 14/35 subjects, we identified psychosocial components playing a significant role at the onset of, and during, the headache.Conclusions. A better clinical definition of the disorder would make it easier to identify very young affected children and consequently to plan more specific therapeutic interventions, taking into account environmental and psychological factors. A diagnosis of idiopathic headache becomes particularly significant: according to our cases, despite their being limited in number, migraine and tension headache can be considered also as indices of individual or family related problems requiring appropriate psychiatric or psychological intervention. This stresses the need for a multidisciplinary team of specialists that would include a psychologist/ psychiatrist or headache specialist with specific training in psychiatry.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I diminishes the activation status and expression of the small GTPase Cdc42 in articular chondrocytes
Authors: Fortier Lisa A. , Deak Molly M. , Semevolos Stacy A. , Cerione Richard A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is an important anabolic growth factor in the maintenance of articular cartilage phenotypic expression. Chondrocyte morphology is also tightly linked to phenotype. The small G‐protein Cdc42 plays a key role in regulation of cell morphology and phenotypic expression in several cell types and, we show here, in articular chondrocytes. The purpose of these studies was to investigate possible links between the intracellular signaling pathways of IGF‐I and Cdc42 in articular chondrocytes. Treatment of chondrocytes with IGF‐I resulted in a rapid and sustained decrease in the activation state (decreased GTP‐bound) of Cdc42. Nucleotide exchange and hydrolysis experiments suggest that the decreased activation occurs through increased hydrolysis. Transient expression of dominant‐negative Cdc42(T17N) allowed for enhanced expression of normal chondrocyte phenotype as determined by increased mRNA expression of collagen type II (Coll II) with decreased matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) expression. The results of these studies suggest a novel link between IGF‐I and Cdc42 signaling pathways. Further, an additional mechanism for the regulation of chondrocyte phenotype is defined through the IGF‐I induced down‐regulation of Cdc42 activation. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
NOS upregulation attenuates vascular endothelial dysfunction in the late phase of ischemic preconditioning in skeletal muscle
Authors: Wang Wei Z. , Fang Xin‐Hua , Stepheson Linda L. , Khiabani Kayvan T. , Zamboni Willarm A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPreviously, we have demonstrated a late phase protection of ischemic preconditioning in the microcirculation of cremaster muscle. This microvascular protection was blocked by a non‐specific NOS inhibitor. The purpose of present study was to evaluate endothelial function in the terminal arteriole of cremaster muscle after 24‐h of ischemic preconditioning followed by 4‐h warm ischemia and to evaluate eNOS and iNOS gene and protein expression at 24 h after ischemic preconditioning in the cremaster muscle. A vascular pedicle isolated cremaster muscle in male SD rats underwent 45‐min of ischemic preconditioning and 24 h later, 4‐h of warm ischemia followed by reperfusion. Endothelial‐dependent and ‐independent vasodilatation was evaluated on day 2 after 4‐h ischemia and 60‐min of reperfusion. Cremaster muscles were harvested at 24 h after ischemic preconditioning for measuring of eNOS and iNOS gene expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and protein expression by western blotting analysis. We found that IPC significantly attenuated endothelial dysfunction induced by 4‐h warm ischemia and reperfusion. The expression of eNOS and iNOS mRNA shown a 229% and 135% increase respectively in IPC treated cremaster muscles as compared to normal cremaster muscles (P < 0.05). The expression of eNOS and iNOS protein exhibited a 133% and 148% increase respectively in IPC treated cremaster muscles as compared to normal cremaster muscles (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between normal cremaster muscle and sham IPC treated cremaster muscle. The results suggest that IPC preventing vascular endothelial dysfunction from ischemia/reperfusion injury may be due to the enhanced NOS expression. These results combined with the results from our previous studies suggest that IPC‐induced microvascular protection in the skeletal muscle may act through a NOS‐dependent mechanism. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Catching up with the Americans
Authors: Smoluk H.J , VanderLinden David 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper develops an international version of the consumption‐based capital asset pricing (CCAPM), which we refer to as “catching up with the Americans.” Previous CCAPM research develops the concept of “catching up with the Joneses,” where a representative economic agent exhibits higher marginal utility of consumption as a result of higher past per capita consumption in his own country. Catching up with the Americans, on the other hand, is an international habit‐preference hypothesis. It extends the idea of catching up with the Joneses by stating that consumers of non‐U.S. countries gain higher marginal utility of consumption as a result of higher past American consumption growth. Contrary to much of the CCAPM literature, we test this version of the model using long bond rates rather than equity returns. However, like most of the previous research on the CCAPM, the catching up with the Americans model fails to explain the relationship between consumption and asset returns.
Freshwater pulses in the eastern Arctic Ocean during Saalian and Early Weichselian ice-sheet collapse
Authors: Knies Jochen , Vogt Christoph 
Published: November 2003

AbstractImproved multiparameter records from the northern Barents Sea margin show two prominent freshwater pulses into the Arctic Ocean during MIS 5 that significantly disturbed the regional oceanic regime and probably affected global climate. Both pulses are associated with major iceberg-rafted debris (IRD) events, revealing intensive iceberg/sea ice melting. The older meltwater pulse occurred near the MIS 5/6 boundary (∼131,000 yr ago); its ∼2000 year duration and high IRD input accompanied by high illite content suggest a collapse of large-scale Saalian Glaciation in the Arctic Ocean. Movement of this meltwater with the Transpolar Drift current into the Fram Strait probably promoted freshening of Nordic Seas surface water, which may have increased sea-ice formation and significantly reduced deep-water formation. A second pulse of freshwater occurred within MIS 5a (∼77,000 yr ago); its high smectite content and relatively short duration is possibly consistent with sudden discharge of Early Weichselian ice-dammed lakes in northern Siberia as suggested by terrestrial glacial geologic data. The influence of this MIS 5a meltwater pulse has been observed at a number of sites along the Transpolar Drift, through Fram Strait, and into the Nordic Seas; it may well have been a trigger for the North Atlantic cooling event C20.
Late Holocene climates of the Near East deduced from Dead Sea level variations and modern regional winter rainfall
Authors: Enzel Yehouda , Bookman (Ken Tor) Revital , Sharon David , Gvirtzman Haim , Dayan Uri , Ziv Baruch , Stein Mordechai 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe Dead Sea is a terminal lake of one of the largest hydrological systems in the Levant and may thus be viewed as a large rain gauge for the region. Variations of its level are indicative of the climate variations in the region. Here, we present the decadal- to centennial-resolution Holocene lake-level curve of the Dead Sea. Then we determine the regional hydroclimatology that affected level variations. To achieve this goal we compare modern natural lake-level variations and instrumental rainfall records and quantify the hydrology relative to lake-level rise, fall, or stability. To quantify that relationship under natural conditions, rainfall data pre-dating the artificial Dead Sea level drop since the 1960s are used. In this respect, Jerusalem station offers the longest uninterrupted pre-1960s rainfall record and Jerusalem rains serve as an adequate proxy for the Dead Sea headwaters rainfall. Principal component analysis indicates that temporal variations of annual precipitation in all stations in Israel north of the current 200 mm yr−1 average isohyet during 1940–1990 are largely synchronous and in phase (∼70% of the total variance explained by PC1). This station also represents well northern Jordan and the area all the way to Beirut, Lebanon, especially during extreme drought and wet spells. We (a) determine the modern, and propose the past regional hydrology and Eastern Mediterranean (EM) climatology that affected the severity and length of droughts/wet spells associated with multiyear episodes of Dead Sea level falls/rises and (b) determine that EM cyclone tracks were different in average number and latitude in wet and dry years in Jerusalem. The mean composite sea level pressure and 500-mb height anomalies indicate that the potential causes for wet and dry episodes span the entire EM and are rooted in the larger-scale northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation. We also identified remarkably close association (within radiocarbon resolution) between climatic changes in the Levant, reflected by level changes, and culture shifts in this region.
Amino acids and hexosamines in the Hess Rise core during the past 220,000 years
Authors: Gupta Lallan Prasad , Kawahata Hodaka 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCore sediment samples collected from the Hess Rise, North Pacific, were analyzed for 20 common amino acids (AA) and two hexosamines (HA) to understand the relation between glacial–interglacial variations and deposition/preservation of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The sediments are predominantly carbonaceous (carbonates 35–80%). AA-based parameters—aspartic acid/glycine ratio and serine+threonine relative mole content—suggest that calcareous plankton was the major source of OM in these sediments. This inference is supported by the similarity in distribution patterns of AA and HA contents with that of organic carbon. Low values of AA/HA and glucosamine/galactosamine ratios (average 4.4 and 1.1, respectively) imply that much of the planktonic OM was replaced by microbial OM. The relative molar concentration of two nonprotein AA (β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid) varied with age of sediments; i.e., they were less abundant in recent sediments and more abundant in the oldest sediments. This trend is an indicator of extremely slow but continuous enzymatic degradation of proteinaceous OM within the sediments. So far, bulk OM has been believed to be one of the best proxies for estimation of primary productivity. However, it may be an underestimate, even for the late Quaternary sediments. Comparison of AA and HA content variations with SPECMAP stack revealed their enhanced deposition and preservation during glacial periods relative to interglacial periods. This, in turn, affected not only the planktonic production in surface waters but also the benthic community, including bacteria on the seafloor.
Calibrated, late Quaternary age indices using clast rubification and soil development on alluvial surfaces in Pilot Knob Valley, Mojave Desert, southeastern California
Authors: Helms John G. , McGill Sally F. , Rockwell Thomas K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe orange coating (varnish) that forms on the undersides (ventral sides) of clasts in desert pavements constitutes a potential relative-age indicator. Using Munsell color notation, we semiquantified the color of the orange, ventral varnish on the undersides of clasts from 15 different alluvial fan and terrace surfaces of various ages ranging from less than 500 to about 25,000 yr. All of the surfaces studied are located along the central portion of the left-lateral Garlock fault, in the Mojave Desert of southern California. The amount of left-lateral offset may be used to determine the relative ages of the surfaces. The previously published slip rate of the fault may also be used to estimate the absolute age of each surface. The color of the ventral varnish is strongly correlated with surface age and appears to be a more reliable age-indicator than the percentage coverage of dorsal varnish. Soil development indices also were not as strongly correlated with age, as were the colors of the ventral varnish. In particular, rubification appears to be more useful than soils for distinguishing relative ages among Holocene surfaces. Humidity sensors indicated that the undersides of clasts condensed moisture nightly for a period of several days to over a week after each rain. These frequent wet-dry cycles may be responsible for the rapid development of clast rubification on Holocene surfaces.