bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Reactivity to Poliglecaprone 25 in the Feline Linea Alba
Authors: Runk Alice , Allen Sheila W. , Mahaffey Edward A. 
Published: April 2004

Objective To use poliglecaprone 25 for all ligations and closure in routine feline ovariohysterectomies and evaluate maintenance of tissue approximation and tissue reaction to the suture.Study Design Prospective, descriptive study.Animals Twenty four female cats.Methods Ovariohysterectomies were performed in all cats. Abdominal incisions were inspected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 for dehiscence and swelling. All cats were euthanatized postoperatively, group 1 on day 7; group 2 on day 14; and group 3 on day 28. The peritoneal cavity was inspected for adhesions and all abdominal incisions were collected en bloc. Each linea alba was histologically evaluated and the inflammatory reaction was characterized.Results Dehiscence did not occur in any of the 24 cats. The incisional swelling on day 1 was significantly smaller than on day 7, and the swelling on day 14 was significantly smaller than on days 1, 3, and 7 (P < .05). Intra‐abdominal adhesions were found in all groups with the greatest number associated with the peritoneum at the incision site. Tissue reactions in group 1 were pyogranulomatous or fibromononuclear, group 2 were granulomatous or fibromononuclear, and group 3 were pyogranulomatous, granulomatous, fibromononuclear or fibrous. Eosinophilic infiltration was seen in 3 of the 8 cats in group 1.Conclusions Incisional swelling and inflammatory reactions seen with poliglecaprone 25 were consistent with those anticipated after implantation of suture in a surgically created wound.Clinical Relevance Poliglecaprone 25 appears to be an acceptable suture for use in feline ovariohysterectomy. It causes a relatively short‐lived inflammatory response.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Investigation of an Equine Interlocking Nail
Authors: McDuffee Laurie A. , Stover Susan M. , Bach Joel M. , Taylor Kenneth T. 
Published: April 2004

Objective— To determine the mechanical properties of Equine Interlocking Nail (EIN; JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of California, Davis) stabilized osteotomized tibiae and compare these variables with estimated in vivo loads.Study Design— In vitro biomechanical investigation.Animals— Twelve adult equine cadaveric tibiae.Sample Population— EIN‐stabilized tibiae were tested monotonically under compression, 3‐ and 4‐point bending, and torsion. Mechanical properties were compared with estimated in vivo loads.Results— EIN‐tibial composite mean compressive yield load (11 kN) and bending moment (216 Nm) were greater than loads expected postoperatively in vivo; however, the mean torsional yield load (156 Nm) was less than that expected in vivo.Conclusions— EIN‐stabilized tibiae had compressive and bending strengths greater than those expected to maintain stability during walking in adult horses. Torsional yield strength did not appear sufficient to provide stability during walking in vivo.Clinical Relevance— The EIN is not a feasible method of fracture repair for adult equine tibial fractures at this time, because its mechanical properties appear inadequate to withstand the postoperative torsional loads encountered during walking. Because this method of fracture repair may offer biological advantages, further modification of an interlocking nail for adult horses appears warranted.
Relative Stiffness and Stress of Type I and Type II External Fixators: Acrylic Versus Stainless‐Steel Connecting Bars A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Shahar Ron 
Published: April 2004

Objective—To compare the stiffness and pin stresses of three sizes of external fixator systems with stainless‐steel and acrylic connecting bars.Study Design—Finite element analysis.Methods—Small, medium, and large external fixator systems of type I and type II configurations were modeled for finite element analysis. Each model was evaluated with a standard stainless‐steel and three different diameters of acrylic connecting bar. Displacements and stresses were calculated for the loading modes of axial compression, medio‐lateral bending, cranio‐caudal bending, and torsion. The location of the pin experiencing maximum stress was determined for all configurations and loading modes.Results—Acrylic column diameters of 9.53 mm for the small external fixator system and 15.9 mm for the medium external fixator system provide equivalent stiffness and maximum pin stresses to those provided by the standard stainless‐steel connecting bars (3.2‐ and 4.8‐mm diameter, respectively). The largest diameter acrylic column tested (31.75‐mm) produced lower stiffness and higher maximum pin stresses than the standard stainless‐steel connecting bar (11.1‐mm diameter).Conclusions—When applying a small or medium external fixator, an acrylic column of 9.53‐mm or 15.9‐mm diameter, respectively, can be used. For a large external fixator system, an acrylic column of diameter >31.75 mm is required.Clinical Relevance—The sizes of acrylic connecting bars for use in small and medium external fixator systems have been determined. Large systems should incorporate the standard stainless‐steel connecting bar.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Double‐Plate and Y‐Plate Fixation for Comminuted Equine Second Phalangeal Fractures
Authors: Galuppo Larry D. , Stover Susan M. , Willits Neil H. 
Published: April 2004

Objectives—To compare the biomechanical properties, in full limb preparations, of intact second phalanx and a simulated comminuted second phalangeal fracture stabilized with either two bone plates or a custom Y‐plate.Study Design—In vitro biomechanical assessment of intact limbs and of paired limbs with a simulated second phalangeal fracture stabilized by one of two fixation methods.Animal PopulationThirteen pairs of equine cadaveric forelimbs.Methods—A comminuted second phalangeal fracture was created in six paired cadaveric limbs. For each limb pair, the fracture was stabilized with two plates in one limb, and with a Y‐plate in the contralateral limb. These limbs and seven pairs of intact limbs were subjected to axial compression in a single cycle until failure. Mechanical properties were compared with a mixed‐model ANOVA and post hoc contrasts. Joint contact pressure, screw insertion torque, and final screw torque remaining after mechanical testing were also evaluated for constructs.Results—No significant differences in mechanical testing variables were detected between construct types. However, the Y‐Plate construct had significantly greater yield load, yield displacement and yield energy, and failure load and stiffness values than those for intact specimens, whereas the double‐plate construct only had greater stiffness than intact specimens. There were no significant differences in joint contact pressures for both constructs. The final screw torque for proximal phalangeal screws was significantly greater for the Y‐plate constructs than for double‐plate constructs.Conclusions—The Y‐plate was as effective as the double‐plate technique for stabilization of simulated comminuted second phalangeal fractures in monotonically tested equine cadaveric forelimbs.Clinical Relevance—This investigation supports evaluation of the Y‐plate for repair of comminuted second phalangeal fractures in equine patients. Its specific design may facilitate repair of second phalangeal fractures, and may provide increased stability by allowing the proximal fragments of the second phalanx to be fixed with three screws placed through the plate.
Paranasal Sinus Surgery Through a Frontonasal Flap in Sedated, Standing Horses
Authors: Schumacher Jim , Dutton David M. , Murphy David J. , Hague Brent A. , Taylor Tex S. 
Published: April 2004

Objective—To report experience with paranasal sinus surgery through a frontonasal flap in sedated, standing horses.Study Design—Treatment of 10 horses with naturally occurring paranasal sinus disease through a frontonasal bone flap created with the horses standing.AnimalsTen adult horses.Methods—After restraint and sedation, local anesthetic was injected subcutaneously along the proposed incision line over the conchofrontal sinus and was instilled into the sinuses through a small hole created in the frontal bone. A 3‐sided, rectangular, cutaneous incision that extended through the periosteum was created over the frontal and nasal bones. The incision was extended into the conchofrontal sinus using a bone saw, and the base of the flap, on the midline of the face, was fractured. The sinuses were explored, and the horse was treated for the disease encountered. The flap was repositioned; subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured separately.Results—The horses had few signs of discomfort during creation of the bone flap and during disease treatment. Diseases encountered included inspissated exudate in the ventral conchal sinus (five horses), feed and exudate throughout the sinuses (one horse), occlusion of the nasomaxillary aperature (one horse), polyp (one horse), osteoma (one horse), and progressive ethmoidal hematoma (one horse).ConclusionIn selected cases, surgery of the paranasal sinuses can be performed safely on sedated and standing horses through a frontonasal bone flap.Clinical Relevance—Performing surgery through a frontonasal bone flap with the horse standing and sedated, rather than anesthetized, eliminates risks and expense of general anesthesia.
Effect of Pubic Symphysiodesis on Pelvic Development in the Skeletally Immature Greyhound
Authors: Swainson Scot W. , Conzemius Mike G. , Riedesel Elizabeth A. , Smith Gail K. , Riley Chris B. 
Published: April 2004

Objective—To evaluate the effect of pubic symphysiodesis (PS) on pelvic development in skeletally immature dogs.Study Design—Prospective randomized clinical trial.AnimalsEight 4 month‐old, sexually intact female Greyhounds.Methods—Initial PS was performed at 4 months of age using a powered stapling device. Because of failure of the initial surgery, a second PS was performed 1 month later by resecting the pubic symphysis with a rongeur followed by placement of handmade bone staples in four dogs. Sham PS was performed in four control dogs at 4 months of age. Pubic growth rate and pelvic development were evaluated using standard plane radiography and computed tomography. Specific measurements included acetabular ventroversion, Norberg angle, lateral center‐edge angle, and pelvic inlet dimensions. Hip distraction indices were determined as well.Results—PS at 4 months of age using a stapling device failed. Pubic symphysiodesis using hand made staples was successful at 5 months of age and did not result in any clinically significant intraoperative or postoperative complications. Pubic symphysiodesis markedly decreased pubic symphysis growth in the treatment group. Hip distraction indices and pelvic inlet circumference, area, and width significantly decreased in treated dogs compared to those in the control group. Acetabular ventroversion was significantly increased in treated dogs compared to those in the control group.Conclusions—PS decreases pelvic canal size, increases acetabular ventroversion, and does not appear to have any clinically significant complications.Clinical Relevance—PS performed in skeletally immature dogs with hip dysplasia may provide an effect similar to a triple pelvic osteotomy and warrants further investigation.
Samarium 153‐Labeled Hydroxyapatite Microspheres for Radiation Synovectomy in the Horse: A Study of the Biokinetics, Dosimetry, Clinical, and Morphologic Response in Normal Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Authors: Yarbrough Tom B. , Lee Mark R. , Hornof William J. , Koblik Phil D. , Brodack Jim , Troup Cathy , O'Brien Timothy R. , Pool Roy 
Published: April 2004

Objective—To determine the effects of Samarium‐153 bound to hydroxyapatite microspheres (153SmM) when injected into the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of horses.Study Design—Horses were injected with153SmM in metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints with the diagonal contralateral joints used as untreated controls.Animals or Sample PopulationTwelve adult horses without pre‐existing disease involving the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints.Methods—Horses were divided into three groups: high‐dose Samarium‐153 (12.5 to 17.0 millicurie [mCi]), intermediate dose (6.5 to 12.0 mCi), and low dose (3.5 to 6.0 mCi). Horses were examined daily for 7 days postinjection for clinical abnormalities, lameness, and surface and systemic radiation levels. One horse from each group was euthanatized at 14, 30, and 60 days postinjection and the effects of the153SmM examined microscopically in the cartilage and synovial membrane.Results—Intraarticular153SmM caused inflammation characterized by lameness, effusion, and regional edema for 48 to 72 hours. Minimal levels of active153SmM were identified in the blood or urine and were well below the maximal tolerance of 1 mCi. Microscopically the radiation caused no effects on the articular cartilage. The synovectomy created was good but not ideal in that some areas did have necrosis into the subintimal regions and a few islands of intact intimal cells persisted.Conclusions—The use of153SmM is an effective means of targeting the synovial intimal cells with minimal extrasynovial leakage of radiation.Clinical Relevance—The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of the horse can be safely treated with153SmM without damage to the cartilage or significant extracapsular leakage.
Outcome of postpartum disorders: a 10 year follow‐up of hospital admissions
Authors: Garfield P. , Kent A. , Paykel E. S. , Creighton F. J. , Jacobson R. R. 
Published: April 2004

Objective: To determine readmission and recurrence rates of women admitted to psychiatric hospital with their babies, and index factors predicting subsequent course.Method: A total of 66 women were followed up after 10 years. Information was obtained from structured interviews or other personal contact, and from general practitioners and hospital notes. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Outcome and predictive factors were investigated using survival analysis.Results: A recurrence rate of 87.2%, and a readmission rate of 63.3% were found. Readmissions were more common after index schizophrenia than other diagnoses. The strongest predictor of readmission was previous psychiatric history. Among 27 subsequent pregnancies, puerperal recurrence was high among those with index psychoses (75–80%), but lower among those with index depression (27.3%).Conclusion: The recurrence rate is high, with a moderate readmission rate predicted by past psychiatric history. Continuing clinical vigilance over the long‐term is required for these patients.
Psychosocial predictors of successful delivery after unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions: a cohort study
Authors: Nakano Y. , Oshima M. , Sugiura‐Ogasawara M. , Aoki K. , Kitamura T. , Furukawa T. A. 
Published: April 2004

Objective:  To examine psychosocial predictors of successful pregnancy after recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA).Method:  We administered two waves of semi‐structured interview and self‐report questionnaire battery to a consecutive series of 46 couples who had had two RSAs (baseline before third pregnancy, and immediately after third pregnancy was ascertained), and followed them through their third pregnancy.Results:  Of the 46 couples, four miscarried for karyotypal abnormalities and six without any known cause. When the latter six were compared with the remaining 36 women, they reported less social support satisfaction, a more stable attribution for the causes of past abortions, and more depressed mood in the preceding year. Taken altogether, this psychosocial model was able to predict 93% of the pregnancy outcomes correctly.Conclusion:  Psychosocial variables (depression, attribution and social support) are robust predictors of the prospective pregnancy and suggest possible points of intervention in couples with RSA.
Osmoregulatory Ability of Chiromantes Ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965) Subjected to Dilute and Hypersaline Seawater
Authors: Gillikin David Paul 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe short-term osmoregulatory ability and salinity tolerance of Chiromantes ortmanni was studied in the laboratory. C. ortmanni is a non-burrowing, high shore mangrove crab often subjected to extreme salinity fluctuations. They were found to be exceptional osmoregulators in salinities ranging from 0‰ to 65‰ after three days. They could also osmoregulate in 80‰ for at least 24 hours, but 96‰ proved to be lethal after just 12 hours. Osmotic capacity suggests that they are best suited for salinities ranging from about 16‰ to 48‰. As they are frequently found in salinities higher than this, it is hypothesized that they tolerate the higher energetic costs of large osmotic gradients as a trade-off for other benefits such as reduced predation and food competition.
Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a Sample of Iranian Patients
Authors: Ghassemzadeh Habibollah , Mojtabai Ramin , Khamseh Akram , Ebrahimkhani Nargess , Issazadegan Arab-Ali , Saif-Nobakht Zahra 
Published: April 2004

Background: Characteristic features of the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) occur with remarkable consistency in different cultural settings. The content of symptoms, however, seems to vary across cultures. Aims: To examine the content of symptoms in a sample of OCD patients from Iran. Methods: In a sample of 135 patients recruited from three treatment settings the prevalence of symptoms with different contents were ranked and compared across genders. Results: Doubts and indecisiveness were the most common obsessions and washing the most common compulsion for the whole sample. Fears of impurity and contamination, obsessive thoughts about self-impurity and washing compulsions were more common in women, whereas blasphemous thoughts and orderliness compulsions were more common in men. Conclusions: With minor differences, the pattern of symptoms with various contents in this sample was similar to that in Western settings.
Community Rehabilitation Service for Patients with Severe Psychotic Disorders: The Slovene Experience
Authors: Švab Vesna , Tomori Martina , Zalar Bojan , Ziherl Slavko , Dernovšek Mojca Z. , Tavčar Rok 
Published: April 2004

Background: Rehabilitation can be carried out at various sites. Method: Two groups of patients with severe mental disorders were compared: those included in community rehabilitation service and those only attending an outpatient clinic regarding their clinical status, social functioning, standard of living and quality of life. Results: We found no significant global differences in group characteristics, social functioning and clinical status, but we did prove the lower social status of the group included in the rehabilitation service and their satisfaction with the services they use. Conclusions: The community rehabilitation services in Slovenia are coping with existential social needs of their users but this study failed to demonstrate their success in improving health or social functioning.
Perception of and Attitude towards Mental Illness in Oman
Authors: Al-Adawi Samir , Dorvlo Atsu S.S. , Al-Ismaily Suad S. , Al-Ghafry Dalal A. , Al-Noobi Balquis Z. , Al-Salmi Ahmed , Burke David T. , Shah Mrugeshkumar K. , Ghassany Harith , Chand Suma P. 
Published: April 2004

Background: As conceptions of mental illness are often dictated by prevailing socio-cultural factors and the philosophy of the time, there is little research to substantiate how mental illness is perceived in the Arab world in the light of both traditional and more recent modernization and acculturation processes. Aims: To examine whether social factors exert an influence on a person's attitude towards people with mental illness (PWMI) in the rapidly changing country of Oman. Methods: This study compares the response elicited from medical students, relatives of psychiatric patients and the general Omani public on the causes of mental illness, attitudes toward PWMI and the care and management of people with mental illness. Results: This study found no relationship between attitudes towards PWMI, and demographic variables such as age, educational level, marital status, sex and personal exposure to people with mental illness. Both medical students and the public rejected a genetic factor as the cause of mental illness; instead they favoured the role of spirits as the aetiological factor for mental illness. There were favourable responses on statements regarding value of life, family life, decision-making ability, and the management and care of mental illness. However, both medical students and the public thought that PWMI tend to have peculiar and stereotypical appearances and the majority preferred that facilities for psychiatric care should be located away from the community. Although the relatives of psychiatric patients were concerned about the welfare of mental patients, their responses varied and were often contingent upon their expectations. Conclusions: The data suggest that neither socio-demographic factors nor previous exposure to PWMI was related to attitudes towards PWMI. Although the attitudes of Omanis toward PWMI appear to fluctuate in complex ways, traditional beliefs on mental illness have yet to be eroded by exposure to a biomedical model of mental illness. This study largely supports the view that the extent of stigma varies according to the cultural and sociological backgrounds of each society.
Laser Transmission Welding of Semi-Crystalline Thermoplastics—Part I: Optical Characterization of Nylon Based Plastics
Authors: Kagan V. A. , Bray R. G. , Kuhn W. P. 
Published: April 2004

Optimization of welding for thermoplastic parts strongly depends on the material properties, part design, as well as the welding operating technology conditions. Laser transmission welding requires preferential deposition of energy and subsequent melting of the material in the interfacial zone. This is optimized when the laser beam is transmitted through the transparent part and absorbed by the adjoining part to be welded. Energy deposition can be controlled to some extent by adjusting laser parameters (power, choice of beam focussing optics, sweep rate etc.). The thermoplastic material properties may have the greater influence and need to be characterized for optimum material selection. Commercial nylon type materials cover a large array of compositions, which may affect the welding process. To guide selection of nylon based plastics for a range of applications we have measured the influence of specific factors such as fiber-glass, mineral filler, impact modifier content, additives, and color versions on the Near InfraRed (NIR) transmission properties. In a following paper (Part II) a1 we have related these findings to the mechanical performance of shear and butt joints produced under various laser welding technology conditions (laser beam power, welding speed, laser beam/spot diameter, clamp pressure, plastic color, etc.). Comprehensive results of this evaluation will assist designers and technologists in thermoplastics selection for laser welding applications. The purpose of this report is to increase the understanding of the plastics engineering community regarding the usefulness and possible applicability of laser transmission welding (LTW) technology for nylon made components.