bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Strain Rate Analysis and Simulation in High-Speed Machining
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Zhang Dong , Nie Guangchao , Yang Zhengyan , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High-speed machining involves nonlinear dynamic deformation characterized by high strain and strain rate in the shear zone. Research on deformation behavior within the primary shear zone in high-speed machining predominantly focused on chip examinations after cutting, lacking sufficient in situ experimental verification. This research presents a specially designed high-speed machining in-situ imaging platform, which can achieve high cutting speeds up to 25 m/s, and capture highly correlated images at short inter-frame time of up to 0.15 microseconds. Utilizing the digital image correlation (DIC) method, the study examines strain rate and shear angle within the shear zone during orthogonal cutting of AISI1045 steel at varying cutting speeds and rake angles. In addition, finite element simulations employing the coupled Euler-Lagrangian method are conducted under the same cutting conditions. Results reveal shear zone strain rates exceeding 105/s at a cutting speed of 17 m/s and uncut chip thickness of 0.2 mm. The trends in shear zone strain rate and angle with rake angle and cutting speed variations, as well as disparities between experimental and simulation results are also discussed in this study. The simulation’s observed stagnation zone offers insights into shear angle differences between the simulation and the DIC analysis results at negative rake angles.
Validation of Targets for Use in Evaluating Haul Truck Collision Warning and Avoidance System Detection Performance
Authors: Girman Matthew , Jobes Christopher , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Surface mining haul trucks have been involved in 54 fatal accidents in the United States between 2005 and 2021 [1]. Collision warning and avoidance systems (CXS) could potentially alert drivers of hazards and prevent accidents from occurring. To ensure the efficacy of CXS, the object detection performance must be tested with a reliable detection target to represent an object that could be encountered at a mine, such as a pedestrian, berm, heavy machinery, or light vehicle. For reasons such as safety, cost, or convenience, it may be more desirable to use an alternative detection target in testing. The efficacy of alternative detection targets, when used to characterize the performance of CXS, should be evaluated to ensure that they do not cause any significant performance differences compared to using actual targets typically found in a mine. To address this question, researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a target validation study to compare the detection accuracy of a radar-based CXS with four different detection targets. This research offers potential substitute targets that could be used in CXS testing. CXS manufacturers and mine operators should be mindful of the targets they employ as alternatives when evaluating CXS detection performance.
Optimizing Paper Helicopter Designs to Maximize Flight Time Using the Three-Step Process in Design of Experiments
Authors: Weaver Jonathan M. , Krolczyk Alena A. , Van Hook Noah M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A paper helicopter experiment was designed to be integrated into a graduate-level Design of Experiments (DOE) course to provide hands-on learning. The experiment, aimed at maximizing paper helicopter flight time, involved three steps. Step 1 used a definitive screening design to identify key factors affecting flight time, focusing on geometric parameters and added weight at the helicopter’s base. Ratios of lengths were used to minimize factor interactions. In Step 2, results from Step 1 guided experiments along a path in the factor space to maximize ascent rate in flight time. These experiments started from the optimal point identified in Step 1 and continued until no further improvement was observed. The best point from Step 2 served as the center point for Step 3, which used a central composite design (CCD) with factor ranges chosen to ensure that the optimal values lie within the design space. Data analysis from the CCD produced a 2nd order model, which was then mathematically optimized. Confirmation experiments showed that helicopters built to the predicted optimal factor levels achieved very nearly the predicted flight time of about 3.63 seconds for 14 feet of steady-state flight. Results for all three steps pass a sanity check. The activity will be piloted in the course during the Fall 2024 semester.
Promotion and Dissemination of Scientific Research in Graduate Education
Authors: Najmi Lida , Hu Zhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conducting and disseminating scientific research is an ethical and increasingly regulatory obligation for scientists and graduate students. It is widely believed that top-ranking journals attract a wider audience than specialized publications, and targeting high-impact journals has long been considered key for gaining visibility. However, given the intense competition gaining access to these top journals is challenging and does not necessarily guarantee broader exposure. The advent of the internet and digital media has revolutionized the dissemination of scientific research, providing greater opportunities for visibility. This article discusses the responsibility of higher education educators to prepare graduate students, especially those with less experience or knowledge, for effective research and dissemination. The Department of Mechanical Engineering at South Dakota State University has developed a new graduate course titled “Frontiers of Materials” to address these needs. In accordance with the program’s designated graduate learning outcomes, the course covers a broad range of introductory topics in advanced materials, including structures, properties, fabrication, computer modeling methods, and experimental characterization methods. By integrating scientific research and writing practice into the curriculum, the course aims to enhance students’ understanding of advanced materials and improve their ability to conduct scientific research and write high-quality scientific papers., including key rules, steps, measures, and activities for conducting scientific research to increase discoverability, readership, and impact. This case study exemplifies good practice in promoting and disseminating scientific research and writing in graduate engineering education, demonstrating a successful approach to improving current educational practices.
Availability Based Design (ABD): A New Methodology for Avoiding Machine Design Failure
Authors: Dupont Pierre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conventional design process (CDP) considers delivery issues at latest stages of design process. Designers are focused on technical and quality aspects. In most instances, delivery issues are addressed separately by other teams of supply chain (“over the wall” approach, [3]). Machine design projects are nowadays highly time-sensitive (time to market is shortened), severely bound by deadlines, volatile and sometimes uncertain. Due to iterative nature of design process, amount of potential design combinations is large, and their inherent technical checks (TC) are time consuming. Designers must make relevant choices to be timely successful. To avoid unnecessary design effort, availability of components must be considered at early stage of design process: that is the way availability-based design methodology (ABD) acts. ABD thoroughly revises conventional design process (CDP) and reorders its main steps to preclude a new type of design failure: achieving a design that will not be compatible with delivery specifications. Current article aims to (1) elucidate ABD methodology, (2) compare it with conventional design process (CDP), and (3) establish a timeline model demonstrating the enhancements realized through ABD scheme. The present article examines the current overly complex design environment and validates the rationale for the proposed improved design methodology.
A Centrifugal Compressor - System Transient Digital Twin
Authors: Serena Alberto , Ilseth Pronk Ola , Bakken Lars Eirik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Off-design operation in turbomachinery entails several critical issues. The intrinsic flow unsteadiness is amplified by transients and interactions with the surrounding system, with detrimental effects on stability and components reliability.
In this paper, a description of the transient behaviour is achieved as a combination of theory, laboratory experiments, operational experience, data analysis and process simulation. This benefits from a responsive test rig, allowing the modification of layout and key parameters, as an inadequate test procedure might strongly affect the overall behaviour and transient evolution. Results are presented over a wide test matrix, including surge volume size and rotational speeds. These data are vital for a full compressor-system digital twin.
Among the main outcomes, are the establishment of the actual surge margin and a suitable recovery strategy, achieved by the necessary early detection.
The main focus area is the validation of the system model prediction of the trip trajectory, caused by severe voltage grid disturbance, or variations in inlet composition, or downstream pressure build-up. Tuning the model on experimental performance data is needed for reliable and faithful reproduction of real behaviour and interaction, as it would otherwise account only for overall degradation, not taking into account the intrinsic unsteadiness, flow channels unevenness, turbulence responsible for instabilities onset and evolution.
Results indicate the importance of ensuring reliable data acquisition and analysis, with adequate instrumentation range, accuracy, synchronization, responsiveness and positioning, so as to tune the model and provide closure to the predictions.
Design, Analysis and Test of Truck Frame and Bolster for Railway Vehicle
Authors: Hong Haifeng , Xue Shihai , Zhang Wenkang , Zhang Long , Yin Yanbo , Wu Lvxian , Lu Peng , Chen Qiubo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In North American railway industry, the truck design generally takes into consideration of several factors, e.g. the axle load, maximum operating and design speed, new and worn wheel diameter, arrangement of journal box, service life, safety, stability, ride quality and maintainability and etc. and the design typically follows applicable FRA, APTA and AAR standards. To ensure the truck frame and bolster have enough strength for loads during testing and revenue services, FEA is used to calculate stresses in the frame and bolster for static and fatigue load cases. Various static loading cases as specified in EN standard were simulated to make sure that these stresses shall not exceed half of the yield stress. The fatigue stress calculation is based on cyclic loads, taking into consideration of forces experienced during vehicle accelerating and braking. Von-Mises stresses are calculated for static load cases. The modified Goodman line is solved for the endurance limit using the yield strength of the material. Finally, static and fatigue testing are performed to compare and validate the simulated results.
A Comparative Digital Physical Ergonomics Analysis Between Manual and Semi-Automated Manufacturing Operations: Human-Centered Guidelines for Workstations Optimization
Authors: Brunzini Agnese , Micucci Filippo Maria , Ciccarelli Marianna , Papetti Alessandra , Germani Michele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Industry 5.0 marks a further shift towards human-centered industrial processes, driven by increased automation and innovative technologies. Understanding operator risks in this context is crucial for ensuring worker safety and well-being. This paper introduces an innovative framework for the comprehensive and objective analysis of industrial operators’ physical ergonomics. Conducted within a company that produces refrigeration systems, the study focuses on tasks such as hooks insertion and brazing on heat exchangers.
Combining subjective and objective methods, the analysis includes self-assessment questionnaires, the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), the Body Part Discomfort Scale (BPDS), and the Borg CR10 questionnaire. Utilizing the Xsens MVN Awinda motion capture system, the study captures operators’ movements and employs algorithmic analysis to assess ergonomics objectively. RULA analysis primarily concentrates on joint angles and hazardous postures, while the inclusion of Strain Index and NIOSH analyses provides further insight into the risks associated with hand and wrist movements and lifting tasks.
Preliminary findings indicate significant time reduction in high-risk postures with semi-automated processes. Moreover, there’s a noticeable decrease in medium-risk activity time for brazing. The study recommends guidelines for workstation redesign based on physical ergonomic analyses and human-centered design principles. Future work will involve cognitive ergonomics analysis and will include human factors in product and process redesign efforts.
Optimizing Chassis Design for Autonomous Vehicles in Challenging Environments Based on Finite Element Analysis and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Sourani Yancheshmeh Sara , Ebrahimpour Arya , Deemyad Taher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The demand for autonomous vehicles capable of navigating challenging terrains has necessitated the development of innovative design solutions. It emphasizes the chassis’ role as a foundational framework for supporting the vehicle’s body and components, requiring both the strength to endure various stresses like shock and vibration, as well as sufficient bending stiffness for improved handling. This study introduces a chassis for a groundbreaking autonomous vehicle tailored for rough terrain navigation with a unique feature: an optimized chassis designed and equipped with quadcopter wireless charging systems. This study aimed to achieve an optimal balance between structural integrity and weight efficiency for the chassis. This is achieved through a combination of static and dynamic analyses, incorporating both existing theoretical knowledge and advanced analytical methods. Utilizing Finite Element Methods and MATLAB, the authors derived the optimum mass and length parameters for the chassis, ensuring robustness while minimizing material usage. The results indicate that this chassis not only offers a sustainable solution for rough terrain navigation but also provides a reliable charging platform for quadcopters. This integration of advanced design techniques with practical application paves the way for a new era of autonomous vehicles tailored for specialized environments.
Solar Trackers Using Six-Bar Linkages
Authors: Guntupalli Sumanth , Zhou Hong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A solar panel faces the sun or has the solar ray normal to its face to enhance power reaping. A fixed solar panel can only meet this condition at one moment. A solar panel’s orientation has to be adjusted in order to meet this condition during the daytime. A solar tracker is integrated with a single or a set of solar panels to make them better meet the condition and improve their solar power reaping. In addition to extra cost and maintenance, a solar tracker consumes power when it adjusts the orientation of its related solar panels. Only when the net power gaining from a set of solar panels that have their integrated solar tracker is considerably above that from the same set of solar panels without their solar tracker, it is then worthwhile for the solar tracker to be integrated with the solar panels. A solar tracker needs to have at least two degrees of freedom to make its solar panels face the sun during the daytime since there are two independent relative motions between earth and sun: rotation and revolution. If earth is considered as being stationary for developing solar trackers, sun then has its daily east-west rotation and yearly north-south tilting. It is evident that the sun’s east-west motion on any day is well above its north-south one. If the small north-south daily tilting is ignored for solar tracking, single-axis solar tracks have their advantages over two-axis or multi-axis counterparts because of relatively simple structure and low power consumption. A compromise among the current four-bar single-axis solar trackers is between solar tracking oscillation and self-locking function. Planar 4R solar trackers are capable of producing large solar tracking oscillation, but they lack self-locking function. On the other hand, planar 3R1P solar trackers have self-locking function, but they are incapable of producing large solar tracking oscillation. This compromise is surmounted by the 6R1P six-bar solar trackers that are studied in this research. They can not only generate reasonably large solar tracking oscillation, but also have self-locking function. The disadvantage of six-bar solar trackers is their structural complexity when compared with four-bar solar tracking counterparts. Six-bar solar tracking linkages are investigated in this research. Their solar tracking motion performance is analyzed. This research aims at improving single-axis solar tracking linkages.
Investigation of Impact Response of Corrugated Fiberboard Materials
Authors: Yildiz Salih , Biswal Amrut , Roth Arti , Upadhyaya Sam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Investigating the impact response of corrugated fiberboard materials is crucial given their widespread use and the environmental implications of overpacked packaging systems. While these materials have been extensively studied under static loading conditions, understanding their behavior under impact loading is essential for optimizing application dimensions and mitigating environmental impact. In this study, an experimental setup was configured to analyze the response of corrugated fiberboards to concentrated loads, employing high-speed cameras to capture impact duration and track rebounded impactors. The influence of the aspect ratio of fiberboard corrugated boxes on absorbed energy was examined, providing valuable insights for optimizing packaging designs. Additionally, a computational model was developed to enhance understanding of the energy absorption mechanism in corrugated fiberboard boxes subjected to concentrated impact loads. By integrating experimental findings with computational simulations, the study offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact response of fiberboard materials, facilitating the development of robust packaging systems capable of withstanding both static and impact loading scenarios.
The experimental setup involved subjecting corrugated fiberboard samples to controlled impact loading using a specifically designed apparatus. The high-speed cameras allowed for precise measurement of impact duration and tracking of rebounded impactors, providing essential data for analyzing the response of the material under dynamic loading conditions. Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the corrugated fiberboard boxes was systematically varied to investigate its effect on energy absorption during impact events. This parameterization enabled a detailed examination of the structural factors influencing the ability of the material to dissipate energy and withstand impact forces.
In parallel to the experimental investigations, a computational model was developed to simulate the behavior of corrugated fiberboard under impact loading. The material model was calibrated by the in-house tests to predict the response of fiberboard boxes to concentrated impact loads.
National Science Foundation-Sponsored S-STEM - The Mechanical Engineering Retention, Academic Success and Career Pathway Program – Design and Implementation
Authors: Fertig Jan , Kumpaty Subha , Mahinfalah Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This project has successfully completed its fourth year and has made notable progress toward its goals. Its overarching objective is to increase mechanical engineering degree completion by low-income, high-achieving undergraduates who demonstrate financial need. Program objectives include the support of scholars in their ultimate entry into the engineering workforce or graduate school; the provision of extracurricular experiences that promote thriving; and the generation of knowledge for dissemination beyond the program location. This S-STEM enterprise has been successful in recruiting, selecting and retaining women and underrepresented minorities. The program supports a diverse group of about 20 undergraduate scholars in the achievement of their educational and professional aspirations through the employment of evidence-based strategies and related endeavors. Extracurricular activities include industry presentations and professional interactions; social events; peer learning collaborations; student-faculty interaction; and in-depth one-on-one meetings with faculty advisors. Scholars have received assistance in obtaining summer internship and REU experiences, and in expanding their professional networks with national and international contacts. Regular career guidance and success coaching sessions have supported academic performance and preparation of students for future mechanical engineering achievements. S-STEM has reportedly helped improve grades and study habits; enabled greater focus and persistence; stimulated greater interest in industry; and fomented personal growth and maturity. Data currently under analysis for dissemination include retention comparisons, student performance on assignments and capstone projects, and rubric ratings by advisors and coaches. This paper showcases preliminary data in addition to more detailed depictions of extracurricular activities to demonstrate the added value of the S-STEM Scholar experience.