bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Judgement Process in Management Students' Evaluation of their Learning Experiences
Authors: Burgoyne John G. 
Published: August 2005

The ideal approach to evaluating management development programmes has often been held to involve objective measurement of achievement of criteria, carried out within an experimental design which allows any chance discovered to be attributed to the programme itself rather than any other factor. In practice many evaluation studies rely on the collection, after the programme, of evaluative opinions from the participants. Campbell et al. (1970) have pointed out that such opinionbased follow up studies may give valid results if the judgements made by the participants, which underlie their expressed opinions, themselves embody the logical and scientific procedures that give validity to the experimental type of study. This research investigates the process of judgement underlying the formation of evaluative opinions by programme participants. The methodology of 'protocol analysis', used so far mainly in laboratory studies, is employed. This calls for an inductive analysis of the content of recordings made when a person is asked to 'think aloud' while making a decision. Although this is a controversial methodology from some epistemological standpoints, it is also one with many potentially useful applications in the applied social sciences. The results show that many of the features of valid judgement, like the use of objectifiable criteria, and 'control group' logic are present, to some extent, in the judgement process underlying evaluative opinions. This suggests that a certain amount of validity can be attached to opinion based follow-up studies, and that there is the possibility of designing such studies to encourage these processes to occur, and hence to enhance the validity of the conclusions.
The Demise of Management and the Ritual of Employment
Authors: Pym Denis 
Published: August 2005

Industrial man's central social ritual is employment. This article is about my continuing personal explorations of the link between the condition of employment and a range of pressing issues - alienation, the overconsumption of scarce resources and pollution. I am expressing here a point of view relevant in limited time and space. Since the tradition of industrial social and behavioural enquiry is geared to maintaining a deception, our primary task is the search for reality. The case against the institutions of employment begins with their literary basis (the central role of written words and numbers in transactions) and rational veneer. Rites in this context fail to fulfil the function of religious activity. Employment, in short, is bad ritual. Important, though. debatable, distinctions are made here between positive work and negative employment and the consumption of the former by the latter. Attention is focused on the convergence of employment and ritual with the growth of large organizations and the service sector and their links with the demise of management. At the pivot of employment and its maintenance stands the manager, propped up by the professional, educator, and trade unionist, with his lopsided and now dysfunctional view of organization. His stereotyped means of maintaining control by and within the closed system of employment has led to the flight into bad ritual. The second part of the paper considers some solutions which fit the belief expounded by Illich above. It recommends a return to the pursuit of emancipation as a primary concern in re-examining the relationship between man, work and employment. The final section is an attack on the wastefulness, suffering and lunacy of industrial man's continuing faith in compulsory employment. Escape from its enslavement can only come from making public, and acting on, the private feelings that a large section of men and women in employment now harbour.
Rank Order Survey of Seven Employee Self-Interest Areas
Authors: Fuselier Cecil , Tanja Jon J. 
Published: August 2005

'In our society there is no single situation which is potentially so capable of giving some satisfaction at all levels of basic needs as is the occupation' (Schletzer, 1966). Employees have definite self-interests that they expect to receive from their employer. Among these self-interest areas are items such as: (1) opportunity for expression and development, (2) acceptable hours and wages, (3) fair and efficient leadership, (4) interest in work, (5) recognition as an individual, (6) safe-healthy work conditions, and (7) economic security. To gain a better insight into how pharmacists rank these seven employee self-interest areas, a study was proposed with six objectives. These objectives were: (1) to obtain a pharmacist opinion of the ranking order of the areas studied, (2) to classify these rank order findings into individual categories, (3) to provide some managerial insight as to how sex, degree held, area of practice and other vital statistics affect an individual's response to the rank order of the areas, (4) to compare the similarity of responses amongst individuals in various professional specialties, (5) to contrast the responses amongst individuals in various professional specialties and (6) to furnish a tool in better understanding the individual needs of pharmacists practicing in different facets of the profession. When grouped together, pharmacists expressed that the first three most important self-interest areas were interest in work, acceptable hours and wages, and opportunity for expression and development. These three areas were followed by economic security, recognition as an individual, fair and efficient leadership and safe-healthy work conditions. The responses were stratified into individual categories. The mean order ranking of the seven areas was computed for each of those categories.
Phosphatidylserine treatment relieves the block to retrovirus infection of cells expressing glycosylated virus receptors
Authors: Coil David A , Miller A Dusty 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
A major determinant of retrovirus host range is the presence or absence of appropriate cell-surface receptors required for virus entry. Often orthologs of functional receptors are present in a wide range of species, but amino acid differences can render these receptors non-functional. In some cases amino acid differences result in additional N-linked glycosylation that blocks virus infection. The latter block to retrovirus infection can be overcome by treatment of cells with compounds such as tunicamycin, which prevent the addition of N-linked oligosaccharides.

Results
We have discovered that treatment of cells with liposomes composed of phosphatidylserine (PS) can also overcome the block to infection mediated by N-linked glycosylation. Importantly, this effect occurs without apparent change in the glycosylation state of the receptors for these viruses. This effect occurs with delayed kinetics compared to previous results showing enhancement of virus infection by PS treatment of cells expressing functional virus receptors.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated that PS treatment can relieve the block to retrovirus infection of cells expressing retroviral receptors that have been rendered non-functional by glycosylation. These findings have important implications for the current model describing inhibition of virus entry by receptor glycosylation.
Neuropsychological measures of attention and memory function in schizophrenia: relationships with symptom dimensions and serum monoamine activity
Authors: Oades Robert D , Röpcke Bernd , Henning Uwe , Klimke Ansgard 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Some clinical symptoms or cognitive functions have been related to the overall state of monoamine activity in patients with schizophrenia, (e.g. inverse correlation of the dopamine metabolite HVA with delusions or visual-masking performance). However, profiles (as presented here) of the relations of the activity of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin to neuropsychologic (dys)functions in major patient sub-groups with their very different symptomatic and cognitive characteristics have not been reported.

Methods
Serum measures of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin turnover were examined by regression analyses for the prediction of performance on 10 neuropsychological measures reflecting left- and right-hemispheric and frontal-, parietal- and temporal-lobe function in 108 patients with schizophrenia and 63 matched controls. The neuropsychological battery included tests of verbal fluency, Stroop interference, trail-making, block-design, Mooney faces recognition, picture-completion, immediate and delayed visual and verbal recall. Paranoid and nonparanoid subgroups were based on ratings from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Groups with high and low ratings of ideas-of-reference and thought-disorder were formed from a median split on the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS).

Results
Verbal-fluency and Stroop-interference (left frontal and fronto-cingulate function) were negatively associated with noradrenergic turnover in nonparanoid and thought-disordered patients. High dopamine turnover related to speeded trail-making (frontal modulation of set switching) in those with many ideas-of-reference. In contrast, low dopamine turnover predicted poor recall in nonparanoid patients and those with little thought disorder. Serotonin metabolism did not independently contribute to the prediction any measure of cognitive performance. But, with regard to the relative activity between monoaminergic systems, increased HVA/5-HIAA ratios predicted visual-reproduction and Mooney's face-recognition performance (right-hemisphere functions) in highly symptomatic patients. Decreased HVA/MHPG predicted non-verbal recall.

Conclusion
Clinical state and function are differentially sensitive to overall levels of monoamine activity. In particular, right-lateralised cerebral function was sensitive to the relative activities of the monoamines. Increased noradrenergic activity was associated with enhanced frontal but impaired temporal lobe function in nonparanoid syndromes. Low dopaminergic activity predicted poor attentional set control in those with ideas-of-reference, but poor recall in nonparanoid patients. These data, especially the HVA/5-HIAA ratios, provide a basis for planning the nature of antipsychotic treatment aimed at patient specific symptom dimensions and cognitive abilities.
Subluxation: dogma or science?
Authors: Keating Joseph C , Charlton Keith H , Grod Jaroslaw P , Perle Stephen M , Sikorski David , Winterstein James F 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Subluxation syndrome is a legitimate, potentially testable, theoretical construct for which there is little experimental evidence. Acceptable as hypothesis, the widespread assertion of the clinical meaningfulness of this notion brings ridicule from the scientific and health care communities and confusion within the chiropractic profession. We believe that an evidence-orientation among chiropractors requires that we distinguish between subluxation dogma vs. subluxation as the potential focus of clinical research. We lament efforts to generate unity within the profession through consensus statements concerning subluxation dogma, and believe that cultural authority will continue to elude us so long as we assert dogma as though it were validated clinical theory.
Spatial Regulation of Intracellular pH in the Ventricular Myocyte
Authors: SWIETACH PAWEL , VAUGHAN‐JONES RICHARD D. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract: In the cardiac myocyte, an adequate intracellular proton mobility is necessary for coupling sarcolemmal proton transport to bulk cytoplasm during intracellular pH regulation. It is also important for dissipating intracellular pH nonuniformity in response to local acid/base disturbances. Because cardiac myocytes have a high buffering capacity, intracellular H+ mobility is low. Spatial	movements occur via a mobile buffer shuttle that most likely involves intracellular dipeptides. In the present work with isolated ventricular myocytes, it is demonstrated that stimulating a large acid efflux on sarcolemmal Na+‐H+ exchange, results in spatial pHi gradients of up to 0.1 U. These may have important implications for pH‐sensitive processes within the cell, such as contraction. By using computational modeling, it is shown that the gradients can be attributed to the low	mobility. Computational modeling is also used to assess the importance of mobility in mediating local recovery of pH following an acidosis in a small region of the cell. Results indicate that local mechanisms for movement will be important in determining the global regulation of intracellular pH.
Mechanistic Quality Management of Hot Mix Asphalt Layers with Seismic Methods
Authors: Nazarian S , Tandon V , Yuan D 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Realistic field-test protocols and equipment, which in a rational manner, combine the results from laboratory and field tests with those used for quality control during construction, have been developed. Seismic nondestructive testing technology has been used for this purpose. Simple laboratory tests that are compatible with the field tests have been recommended. All these tests have several features in common. They can be performed rapidly (less than 3 min.), and their data reduction processes are simple and almost instantaneous.
Laboratory Investigation of HMA Performance Using Hamburg Wheel Tracking and DSR Torsional Creep Tests
Authors: Reinke G , Glidden S , Herlitzka D , Jorgenson J 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Lack of existing fundamental mechanistic tests to evaluate performance potential of HMA mixtures has given rise to a number of empirical and mechanical-empirical test procedures. In an effort to understand how one of these tests, the Hamburg rutting test, was impacted by differences in HMA mixture variables, the following experimental work was conducted. Three aggregate types consisting of a crushed granite, a crushed siliceous gravel, and a crushed limestone were evaluated at four design ESAL levels. These four ESAL levels were 300 000, 1 million, 3 million, and 10 million. For each of these aggregate types and ESAL levels, 5 PG graded binders were investigated. The binders were PG 58-28, PG 64-28C (chemically modified), PG 64-28P, PG 64-34, and PG 70-28; the latter 3 binders were polymer modified. For all mixtures, Hamburg Wheel Tracking tests were performed under water at 50°C. In addition, a DSR Creep Test developed at MTE was performed on each mixture at 58°C and 34 kPa stress to determine the dry strength characteristics. The Hamburg test showed consistently better results as the ESAL level of the mix increased and as the high temperature PG grade of the binder increased for a given base asphalt. In the Hamburg test, mixes produced with PG 64-34 did not perform as well as PG 70-28 or PG 64-28P, while in the DSR Creep Test, mixes produced with PG 64-34 performed significantly better than PG 64-28P. This leads to speculation that the modulus of the base asphalt plays a more significant role in stress applied moisture resistance tests and that dry high temperature permanent deformation tests are influenced by the modified binder properties.
Characterization of Asphalt Concrete by Multi-Stage True Triaxial Testing
Authors: Wang L , Hoyos LR , Mohammad L , Abadie C 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The feasibility of an existing servo-controlled true triaxial (cubical) apparatus for evaluating the mechanical response of nominal 4-in. cubical specimens of asphalt concrete (AC) under multi-axial stress states has been investigated. The apparatus allows the testing of specimens along a wide range of stress paths and stress levels that are not achievable in a conventional uniaxial or cylindrical apparatus. A multi-stage testing scheme can be followed by simultaneous control of the major, intermediate, and minor principal stresses directly applied to the specimens. Two cubical AC specimens cut from two WestTrack block samples were subjected to a series of multi-stage stress paths that included triaxial compression (TC), triaxial extension (TE), simple shear (SS), conventional triaxial compression (CTC), conventional triaxial extension (CTE), and cyclic conventional triaxial extension (CCTE). Experimental data were analyzed to assess volumetric creeping properties, resilient response, plastic deformation response, Poisson's ratio, loss angle, and dilatancy of asphalt concrete under general stress states. Test results highlight the potential of the cubical cell for mechanical characterization of asphalt concrete in a broad range of applications involving true triaxial stress states. Analysis of test results indicates all of the following: (a) Modulus of AC shows significant anisotropy in different orientations; (b) Volumetric creeping of AC is considerably significant at relatively high pressures; (c) AC shows significant dilatancy; and (d) Cubical Device can distinguish mixes of different performance.
Destruction of Crystallographic Texture in Zirconium Alloy Tubes
Authors: Grytsyna V , Stukalov A , Chernyayeva T , Krasnorutskyy V , Malykhin D , Voyevodin V , Bryk V 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The paper investigates the dependence of the transformation texture of Zr-2.5wt%Nb tubes and rods on the initial texture, the method of heating (furnacing, conductive heating, inductive heating) and cooling (furnace cooling, water quenching, water shower), stress, and thermal cycling. It was demonstrated that the primary factors determining the transformation texture are the initial texture and the heating rate for quenching. From the investigation results, a method of final thermal treatment of finished zirconium reactor core components (pressure tubes, guide tubes, and cladding fuel rods) is suggested, allowing the destruction of their texture without changing the well-established manufacturing process. The suggested SHF heating includes the use of the α→β→α transformation with fast heating up to the β-phase, subsequent quenching for texture destruction, and annealing for transformation from the metastable α'-state to the equilibrium double-phase αZr + βNb state.
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Radiation Effects in Model Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels
Authors: Ulbricht A , Böhmert J , Viehrig H-W 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper presents results of radiation-induced nanoscale microstructural changes measured by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) on ASTM-type reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. Five different base metals and one weld metal were investigated. The irradiation was performed in a VVER-type power reactor to three different dose levels, maximally 0.14 dpa, at an irradiation temperature of 255°C. The volume content of the micostructural features measured is correlated with the irradiation hardening and embrittlement.
In every case clear radiation-related hardening, embrittlement, and microstrucural effects are proven. Radiation produces nanoscale scattering defects of a radius between 0 &lt; R &lt; 3 nm with the maximum near R = 1 nm. Fluence and chemical composition do not or hardly change the shape of the size distribution but strongly influence the volume fraction. The radiation sensitivity is mainly influenced by the copper content. Copper also increases the A-ratio. There are good correlations between volume fraction of the nanoscale radiation defects and the radiation hardening or embrittlement.
Annealing at 475°C produces almost full recovery of the mechanical properties. However, the original microstructure of the unirradiated state is not completely reproduced.
Plastic Deformation of Irradiated Zirconium Alloys: TEM Investigations and Micro-Mechanical Modeling
Authors: Onimus F , Béchade J-L , Prioul C , Pilvin P , Monnet I , Doriot S , Verhaeghe B , Gilbon D , Robert L , Legras L , Mardon J-P 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
TEM investigations have been performed on irradiated samples after deformation covering various testing conditions for different recrystallized Zr alloys. It is shown that for transverse tensile tests and internal pressure tests performed at 350°C, only basal channels are observed for strain levels up to uniform elongation, whereas only prismatic and pyramidal channels are observed for axial tensile test. Then, focusing on internal pressure testing, irradiation hardening and strain hardening behavior have been analyzed in detail and compared to TEM observations. It is proposed that dislocation channeling phenomenon leads to high strain incompatibility between channels and surrounding grains and therefore to high microscopic internal stresses. These high microscopic internal stresses are believed to induce strong kinematic hardening at the macroscopic scale, as suggested by the mechanical behavior analysis. Finally, a micro-mechanical model based on microscopic deformation mechanisms and using homogenization techniques is proposed, taking into account the observed channeling phenomenon.
Deformation Mechanism Maps of Unirradiated and Irradiated V-4Cr-4Ti
Authors: Li M , Zinkle SJ 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
This paper addresses various deformation mechanisms of unirradiated and irradiated V-4Cr-4Ti in terms of Ashby-type deformation maps. Tensile tests were carried out in the temperature range of 950–1150°C at strain rates of 10−3, 10−4, and 10−5 s−1. In addition, published tensile data and thermal creep data before and after irradiation were analyzed to provide further information about the materials' deformation behavior. The extensive tensile database for V-4Cr-4Ti was used to determine the key material parameters in physically-based constitutive equations. The resultant constitutive equations were employed to construct the Ashby deformation mechanism maps for unirradiated and irradiated V-4Cr-4Ti. Using the data analysis from the tensile tests, deformation map predictions at slow strain rates were obtained and verified by comparison with the experimental creep results. The methodology was successful in identifying the operating deformation mechanisms for a given temperature, stress, or strain rate condition. The study examines the limitations of extending creep data and analysis into new operating regimes, particularly where different deformation mechanisms are involved. The application of deformation mechanism maps in creep testing and data analysis is discussed.
Water Resistance and Vapor Permeance of Weather Resistive Barriers
Authors: Butt TK 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Weather-resistive barriers (WRBs) are typically used in exterior walls of low rise frame buildings under claddings such as stucco (cement plaster), wood and wood derived products, vinyl (PVC), and masonry veneer. WRBs are primarily intended to provide resistance to water that may penetrate the outer cladding. WRBs also provide resistance to passage of air to varying extents but generally are moderately permeable to water vapor. Traditional WRB materials were limited to asphalt saturated felts and papers, but polymeric sheets have taken a growing share of the market in recent years. There are also trowel-applied and rigid board WRBs. Little information is available about the comparable properties of commercially available materials or what to consider when selecting the appropriate product for a particular application. Both building code requirements and vendors' product information are inconsistent and confusing. This paper, which is limited to the properties of water resistance and water vapor permeance, provides information that may be helpful in understanding, selecting, and using weather resistive barriers.