bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Propelling Macroscale Sheets Powered by Enzyme Pumps
Authors: Song Jiaqi , Shklyaev Oleg E. , Sapre Aditya , Balazs Anna C. , Sen Ayusman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNanoscale enzymes anchored to surfaces act as chemical pumps by converting chemical energy released from enzymatic reactions into spontaneous fluid flow that propels entrained nano‐ and microparticles. Enzymatic pumps are biocompatible, highly selective, and display unique substrate specificity. Utilizing these pumps to trigger self‐propelled motion on the macroscale has, however, constituted a significant challenge and thus prevented their adaptation in macroscopic fluidic devices and soft robotics. Using experiments and simulations, we herein show that enzymatic pumps can drive centimeter‐scale polymer sheets along directed linear paths and rotational trajectories. In these studies, the sheets are confined to the air/water interface. With the addition of appropriate substrate, the asymmetric enzymatic coating on the sheets induces chemically driven, buoyancy flows that controllably propel the sheet's motion on the air/water interface. The directionality and speed of the motion can be tailored by changing the pattern of the enzymatic coating, type of enzyme, and nature and concentration of the substrate. This work highlights the utility of biocompatible enzymes for generating motion in macroscale fluidic devices and robotics and indicates their potential utility for in vivo applications.
Chemical Approaches to Optimize the Properties of Organic Fluorophores for Imaging and Sensing
Authors: Jiang Gangwei , Liu Han , Liu Hong , Ke Guoliang , Ren Tian‐Bing , Xiong Bin , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Yuan Lin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganic fluorophores are indispensable tools in cells, tissue and in vivo imaging, and have enabled much progress in the wide range of biological and biomedical fields. However, many available dyes suffer from insufficient performances, such as short absorption and emission wavelength, low brightness, poor stability, small Stokes shift, and unsuitable permeability, restricting their application in advanced imaging technology and complex imaging. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to improve these performances of fluorophores. Starting with the luminescence principle of fluorophores, this review clarifies the mechanisms of the insufficient performance for traditional fluorophores to a certain extent, systematically summarizes the modified approaches of optimizing properties, highlights the typical applications of the improved fluorophores in imaging and sensing, and indicates existing problems and challenges in this area. This progress not only proves the significance of improving fluorophores properties, but also provide a theoretical guidance for the development of high‐performance fluorophores.
Plant‐based fat substitutes with promising functional properties and health benefits
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Zhang Xin , Zhou Xiangqi , Tian Ruiqi , Tang Xufei , Zhang Yan , Jiang Lianzhou , Sui Xiaonan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of nutrition and environmental protection is driving the demand for healthy and environmentally friendly food alternatives. Various plant‐based substitute products are gaining popularity. Fats are crucial components of food, playing a pivotal role in human nutrition and contributing to the sensory properties of food. In addition to the use of healthier plant oils, the development of plant‐based fat substitutes offers innovative ways to replicate the texture and mouthfeel of animal fats. A wide range of plant‐derived matrices has been extensively employed in the creation of fat substitutes, including protein matrices, polysaccharide matrices, and complex matrices. The objective of this review is to examine the current advancements in plant‐based fat substitutes. It will primarily focus on the selection of suitable substitutes and their specific applications within diverse food systems. By doing so, this review aims to shed light on the potential of plant‐based fat substitutes in the development of low‐fat foods, providing valuable insights into this emerging field.
Thermo‐mechanical and antioxidant properties of eugenol‐loaded carrageenan‐cellulose nanofiber films for sustainable packaging applications
Authors: Wan Yahaya Wan Amnin , Mohd Azman Nurul Aini , M. Krishnnan Prithinah , Adam Fatmawati , Almajano Maria Pilar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the thermomechanical and antioxidant properties of an active film composed of carrageenan and cellulose nanofibers incorporating (0.1%v/v–0.5%v/v) eugenol (Eu), intended for active packaging applications. The mechanical, physical, morphology, and thermal properties of the active film were extensively characterized, and the antioxidant activity was monitored over a 34‐day‐storage period. Broido's model was employed to assess the thermomechanical properties and activation energy of the films towards the Eu structure in carrageenan and cellulose nanofiber film. The findings revealed that the addition of Eu had a negative impact on the activation energy of the film's decomposition while positively affecting the release of antioxidants during storage. The film containing 0.4% Eu demonstrated optimal physical and mechanical characteristics, including a tensile strength of 38.08 ± 2.06 MPa and elongation at break of 21.95% ± 9.02%. Furthermore, the SGC‐0.4% (SGC stand for Semi refined carragenan + Glycerol + Cellulose nanofiber) Eu film exhibited a higher activation energy (365.82 kJ/mol), suggesting enhanced stability and durability compared with other films. The film with 0.4% Eu content showed the highest release rate of polyphenols (614.9290 mg gallic acid/L sample) up to 28 days of storage. Additionally, it exhibited a 58% efficiency of radical scavenging activity. Overall, these results highlight the potential of the SGC‐0.4% Eu film as a biodegradable packaging solution that offers prolonged food shelf life.
Harnessing metabolic plasticity in CHO cells for enhanced perfusion cultivation
Authors: Nöbel Matthias , Barry Craig , MacDonald Michael A. , Baker Kym , Shave Evan , Mahler Stephen , Munro Trent , Martínez Verónica S. , Nielsen Lars K. , Marcellin Esteban 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells have rapidly become a cornerstone in biopharmaceutical production. Recently, a reinvigoration of perfusion culture mode in CHO cell cultivation has been observed. However, most cell lines currently in use have been engineered and adapted for fed‐batch culture methods, and may not perform optimally under perfusion conditions. To improve the cell's resilience and viability during perfusion culture, we cultured a triple knockout CHO cell line, deficient in three apoptosis related genes BAX, BAK, and BOK in a perfusion system. After 20 days of culture, the cells exhibited a halt in cell proliferation. Interestingly, following this phase of growth arrest, the cells entered a second growth phase. During this phase, the cell numbers nearly doubled, but cell specific productivity decreased. We performed a proteomics investigation, elucidating a distinct correlation between growth arrest and cell cycle arrest and showing an upregulation of the central carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. The upregulation was partially reverted during the second growth phase, likely caused by intragenerational adaptations to stresses encountered. A phase‐dependent response to oxidative stress was noted, indicating glutathione has only a secondary role during cell cycle arrest. Our data provides evidence of metabolic regulation under high cell density culturing conditions and demonstrates that cell growth arrest can be overcome. The acquired insights have the potential to not only enhance our understanding of cellular metabolism but also contribute to the development of superior cell lines for perfusion cultivation.
Tandem annulation and dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines in catalytic C(sp2)–H functionalization
Authors: Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Rakshit Amitava , Moon Kyeongwon , Singh Pargat , Kim In Su 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and functionalization of privileged nitrogen heterocycles has emerged as a central topic in drug discovery and material science. In this context, the tandem C–H functionalization and intramolecular annulation has received prodigious attention, as it is able to expedite the construction of heteroaromatic frameworks beyond conventional C–H functionalization. In general, significant effort has been made to develop the [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine imines with π‐unsaturated compounds. Moreover, the [3 + 3], [4 + 3], [3 + 2 + 2], and [5 + 3] cycloaddition reactions of azomethine imines with various dipolarophiles have been demonstrated. To date, however, the combination of catalytic C–H functionalization and intramolecular cyclization using azomethine imines as both directing groups and dipolar units has been less explored. This review focuses on recent progress toward the catalytic tandem C–H functionalization and dipolar cycloaddition of azomethines imines with a range of coupling partners.
Flexible, ultrathin bioelectronic materials and devices for chronically stable neural interfaces
Authors: Zhou Lianjie , Wu Zhongyuan , Sun Mubai , Park Jaejin , Han Mengdi , Wang Ming , Yu Junsheng , Di Zengfeng , Mei Yongfeng , Bai Wubin , Yu Xinge , Yu Ki Jun , Song Enming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdvanced technologies that can establish intimate, long‐lived functional interfaces with neural systems have attracted increasing interest due to their wide‐ranging applications in neuroscience, bioelectronic medicine, and the associated treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. A critical challenge of significance remains in the development of electronic platforms that offer conformal contact with soft brain tissue for the sensing or stimulation of brain activities and chronically stable operation in vivo, at scales that range from cellular‐level resolution to macroscopic areas. This review summarizes recent advances in this field, with an emphasis on the use of demonstrated concepts, constituent materials, engineered designs, and system integration to address the current challenges. The article begins with an overview of recent bioelectronic platforms with unique form factors, ranging from filamentary probes to conformal sheets and three‐dimensional frameworks for alleviating the mechanical mismatch between interface materials and neural tissues. Next, active interfaces which utilize inorganic/organic semiconductor‐enabled devices are reviewed, highlighting various working principles of recording mechanisms including capacitively and conductively coupled sensing enabled by high transistor matrices at high spatiotemporal resolution. The subsequent section presents approaches to biological integration which use active materials for multiplexed addressing, local amplification and multimodal operation with high‐channel‐count and large‐scale electronic systems in a safe fashion that provides multi‐decade stable performance in both animal models and human subjects. The advances summarized in this review will guide the future direction of this technology and provide a basis for next‐generation chronic neural interfaces with long‐lived high‐performance operation.
Nerolidol attenuates airway inflammation and airway remodeling and alters gut microbes in ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mice
Authors: Wang Tingting , Song Guihua , Sun Mengmeng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Bingxue , Peng Minghao , Li Mengyin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAsthma is a common respiratory disease associated with airway inflammation. Nerolidol is an acyclic sesquiterpenoid with anti‐inflammatory properties. BALB/C mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma symptoms and given different doses of Nerolidol. We found that Nerolidol reduced OVA‐induced inflammatory cell infiltration, the number of goblet cells and collagen deposition in lung tissue. Nerolidol reduced the OVA‐specific IgE levels in serum and alveolar lavage fluid in an asthma model. Immunohistochemical staining of α‐SMA (the marker of airway smooth muscle) showed that Nerolidol caused bronchial basement membrane thinning in asthmatic mice. The hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is an important feature of airway remodeling in asthma. ASMCs were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF‐β to simulate the pathological environment of asthma in vitro and then treated with different doses of Nerolidol. Nerolidol inhibited the activity of TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway both in the lung tissue of OVA‐induced mouse and TGF‐β‐stimulated ASMCs. 16s rRNA sequencing was performed on feces of normal mice, the changes of intestinal flora in OVA‐induced asthmatic mice and Nerolidol‐treated asthmatic mice were studied. The results showed that Nerolidol reversed the reduced gut microbial alpha diversity in asthmatic mice. Nerolidol changed the relative abundance of gut bacteria at different taxonomic levels. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria were Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, and Lachnospiraceae. We conclude that Nerolidol attenuates OVA‐induced airway inflammation and alters gut microbes in mice with asthma via TGF‐β/Smad signaling.
Small‐Molecule Regulators for Gene Switches to Program Mammalian Cell Behaviour
Authors: Mansouri Maysam , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthetic or natural small molecules have been extensively employed as trigger signals or inducers to regulate engineered gene circuits introduced into living cells in order to obtain desired outputs in a controlled and predictable manner. Here, we provide an overview of small molecules used to drive synthetic‐biology‐based gene circuits in mammalian cells, together with examples of applications at different levels of control, including regulation of DNA manipulation, RNA synthesis and editing, and protein synthesis, maturation, and trafficking. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of these small‐molecule‐responsive gene circuits, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of using small molecules as triggers, the mechanisms involved, and the requirements for selecting suitable molecules, including efficiency, specificity, orthogonality, and safety. Finally, we explore potential future directions for translation of these devices to clinical medicine.
Difference between antegrade and retrograde orbital atherectomy system debulking using an artificial pulsatile heart model
Authors: Kawamura Akito , Egami Yasuyuki , Okamoto Naotaka , Kawanami Shodai , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Okayama Keita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDebulking devices are necessary to treat severe calcified lesions. OAS has a unique characteristic that the burr moves forward and backward. There are few studies reporting the differences of ablation style between only‐antegrade and only‐retrograde OAS.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of ablation style between only‐antegrade and only‐retrograde orbital atherectomy system (OAS) using an artificial pulsatile heart model (HEARTROID system®) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsThe calcified lesion model was inserted into the mid of left anterior descending in the HEARTROID®. Only‐antegrade and only‐retrograde ablation of OAS were conducted for each five lesions. Pre‐OCT, OCT after low speed debulking and OCT after high speed debulking were conducted. The width and the depth of debulked area, the debulked area and the direction of debulked area were investigated.ResultsIn all of 210 cross‐sections, 91 debulked cross sections were chosen for analysis. Only‐antegrade group had 47 debulked cross‐sections, and only‐retrograde group 44 cross‐sections. In the evaluation of OCT after high speed debulking, the debulked area (0.76 mm2 [0.58−0.91] vs. 0.53 mm2 [0.36−0.68], p < 0.001) and the depth of debulked area (0.76 mm [0.58−0.91] vs. 0.53 mm [0.36−0.68], p < 0.001) were significantly higher in only‐antegrade group compared to only‐retrograde group. The debulked bias and the width of debulked area are not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared to only‐retrograde debulking, only‐antegrade debulking acquired larger debulked area because of larger cutting depth, although the debulked bias and the width of debulked area were comparable between the two groups.
Strain‐Dependent Activity‐Stability Relations in RuO2 and IrO2 Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Chaudhary Payal , Zagalskaya Alexandra , Over Herbert , Alexandrov Vitaly 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStrain engineering is an effective strategy in modulating activity of electrocatalysts, but the effect of strain on electrochemical stability of catalysts remains poorly understood. In this work, we combine ab initio thermodynamics and molecular dynamics simulations to examine the role of compressive and tensile strain in the interplay between activity and stability of metal oxides considering RuO
and IrO
as exemplary catalysts. We reveal that although compressive strain leads to improved activity via the adsorbate‐evolving mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction, even small strains should substantially destabilize these catalysts promoting dissolution of transition metals. In contrast, our results show that the metal oxides requiring tensile strain to promote their catalytic activity may also benefit from enhanced stability. Importantly, we also find that the detrimental effect of strain on electrochemical stability of atomically flat surfaces could be even greater than that of surface defects.
Development of the InSynQ checklist: A tool for planning and reporting the synthesis questions in systematic reviews of interventions
Authors: Cumpston Miranda S. , McKenzie Joanne E. , Ryan Rebecca , Flemyng Ella , Thomas James , Brennan Sue E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionMethods guidance and appraisal tools for systematic reviews require specification of the question and eligibility criteria for the review (“PICO for the review”). Less emphasis has been given to specifying the question and criteria for each synthesis (“PICO for each synthesis”), yet decisions about which studies to include in each synthesis can critically influence the utility and findings of a review. This paper describes the rationale and methods for developing the InSynQ (Intervention Synthesis Questions) tool for planning and reporting synthesis questions in reviews of interventions. The aim is to provide transparency about the basis of the tool and contribute to evidence on methods for developing guidance for research conduct and reporting.MethodsInformed by EQUATOR Network methods, we (1) established a project group; (2) examined reporting of the “PICO for each synthesis” in published reviews; (3) reviewed existing reporting guidance and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions; (4) drafted items with elaboration, explanation, and examples; (5) conducted consultation meetings, an evaluation survey and pilot test; (6) incorporated feedback.ResultsExisting reporting guidelines do not distinguish the review and synthesis PICO, with limited coverage of the elements needed to specify the PICO for each synthesis. Using the PRISMA 2020 format, the draft tool contained 10 items with essential and additional reporting elements, explanations, and examples. Revisions arising from consultation meetings (>30 people), included adding an eleventh item on consumer and stakeholder involvement, a figure explaining PICO for each synthesis, and integrating examples into elements/explanations. All respondents to the survey (12 people) said the tool would help them plan or appraise synthesis questions. InSynQ is available at https://InSynQ.info.ConclusionTransparent reporting of the development process contributes to the evidence base for methods to develop guidance. It may improve uptake of InSynQ, in turn enhancing the clarity of syntheses.
Heterometallic AuI6AgI6 Macrocyclic Cluster Templated by a Supramolecular Melamine Dimer
Authors: Pei Xiao‐Li , Ma Cheng , Guan Zong‐Jie , Ni Shao‐Fei , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe application of supramolecular templates in aligning atomically precise heterometal arrays is important for pursuing functional materials. Herein, we report that a bilayered supramolecular tri‐deprotonated melamine dimer functions as an effective template in the construction of a heterometallic gold(I)‐silver(I) macrocyclic cluster [μ6‐(C3N6H3)3−]2−AuI6AgI6. X‐ray single crystal structural analysis showed that a crown‐like AuI6AgI6 macrocycle is aligned around two parallelly stacked μ6‐(C3N6H3)3− moieties hold together with π–π interactions. Theoretical calculations revealed that the [μ6‐(C3N6H3)3−]2 motif dominantly contributes to the near‐occupied orbitals in the electronic structure, which is closely related to its luminescence properties. This work demonstrates that the supramolecular templates containing multiple symmetric binding sites may present a facile approach in the construction of functional metal clusters.
Borirenes and Boriranes: Development and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Junyi , Ye Qing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStrained compounds constitute a highly topical area of research in chemistry. Borirene and borirane both feature a BC2 three‐membered ring. They can be viewed as the structural analogues of cyclopropane and cyclopropene, where a CH2 unit of the carbonaceous counterparts is replaced with BH, respectively. Indeed, this structural variation introduces numerous intriguing aspects. For instance, borirane and borirene are both Lewis acidic due to the presence of a tricoordinate borane center. In addition, borirene is 2π aromatic according to Hückel's rule. In addition to their ability to form adducts with Lewis bases and the capacity of borirenes to act as ligands in coordination with metals, both borirenes and boriranes exhibit ring‐opening reactivity due to the considerable ring strain. Under specific conditions, coordinated boriranes can even cleave two BC bonds to serve as formal borylene sources (although the reaction mechanisms are quite complex). On the other hand, recent successful syntheses of benzoborienes and their carborane‐based three‐dimensional analogues (also referred to as carborane‐fused boriranes) have introduced novel perspectives to this field. For instance, they display excellent ring‐expanding reactivity, possibly attributed to the boosted ring strain arising from the fusion of borirenes with benzene and boriranes with o‐carborane. Importantly, their applications as valuable “BC2” synthons have become increasingly evident along with the newly disclosed reactivity. Additionally, the boosted Lewis acidity of carborane‐fused boriranes, thanks to the potent electron‐withdrawing effect of o‐carborane, combined with their readiness for ring enlargement, makes them promising candidates as electron‐accepting building blocks in the construction of chemically responsive luminescent materials. This review provides a summary of the synthesis and reactivity of borirene and borirane derivatives, with the aim of encouraging the design of new borierene‐ and borirane‐based molecules and inspiring further exploration of their potential applications.