bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rostral micro‐tooth morphology of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans
Authors: Pacher Korbinian , Breuker Michael , Hansen Matthew J. , Kurvers Ralf H. J. M. , Häge Jan , Dhellemmes Felicie , Domenici Paolo , Steffensen John F. , Krause Stefan , Hildebrandt Thomas , Fritsch Guido , Bach Pascal , Sabarros Philippe S. , Zaslansky Paul , Mahlow Kristin , Müller Johannes , Armas Rogelio González , Ortiz Hector Villalobos , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Krause Jens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBillfish rostra potentially have several functions; however, their role in feeding is unequivocal in some species. Recent work linked morphological variation in rostral micro‐teeth to differences in feeding behavior in two billfish species, the striped marlin (Kajikia audax) and the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus). Here, we present the rostral micro‐tooth morphology for a third billfish species, the blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), for which the use of the rostrum in feeding behavior is still undocumented from systematic observations in the wild. We measured the micro‐teeth on rostrum tips of blue marlin, striped marlin, and sailfish using a micro–computed tomography approach and compared the tooth morphology among the three species. This was done after an analysis of video‐recorded hunting behavior of striped marlin and sailfish revealed that both species strike prey predominantly with the first third of the rostrum, which provided the justification to focus our analysis on the rostrum tips. In blue marlin, intact micro‐teeth were longer compared to striped marlin but not to sailfish. Blue marlin had a higher fraction of broken teeth than both striped marlin and sailfish, and broken teeth were distributed more evenly on the rostrum. Micro‐tooth regrowth was equally low in both marlin species but higher in sailfish. Based on the differences and similarities in the micro‐tooth morphology between the billfish species, we discuss potential feeding‐related rostrum use in blue marlin. We put forward the hypothesis that blue marlin might use their rostra in high‐speed dashes as observed in striped marlin, rather than in the high‐precision rostral strikes described for sailfish, possibly focusing on larger prey organisms.
Peptide receptor chemoradionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine neoplasms: A systematic review
Authors: Chan Dennis S. , Kanagaratnam Aran L. , Pavlakis Nick , Chan David L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeptide receptor chemoradionuclide therapy (PRCRT), the addition of radiosensitising chemotherapy to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), has been used in individual centres for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), but there are few data to date regarding its efficacy and safety. We conducted a systematic review to document the efficacy and side effect profile of this combination. We searched for studies including ≥5 patients with advanced NENs who received PRCRT. Major databases were searched and supplemented by handsearching of major conferences from 2019 to 2023. Data extracted included clinicopathological characteristics, trial setting and doses of chemotherapy and PRRT administered. Endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and adverse events (AEs); summarised qualitatively because of the marked heterogeneity in patient populations, trial designs and treatments administered. Eligible studies (24) included: 14 retrospective studies (643 patients) and 10 prospective studies (521 patients). For PRRT, most studies used 177Lu (n = 21), with combination 177Lu + 90Y (n = 2), 111In (n = 1) and 225Ac (n = 1). Chemotherapy regimens included capecitabine (n = 8), capecitabine and temozolomide (n = 5), 5‐fluorouracil (n = 4) or a mixture of regimens (n = 6). Most studies included Grade 1–2 NENs. In prospective studies, median OS exceeded 2 years in most studies (range not reached by end of follow‐up—86 months). In retrospective studies, median OS ranged from 7 months to 55 months and was not reached in many studies. PFS data ranged from 31 months—not reached in prospective cohorts and from 4 months—not reached in retrospective cohorts. Grade 3/4 AEs were commonly haematological, with majority being reversible or having no ongoing clinical impact. For advanced NENs, PRCRT treatment has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes and was well tolerated, although identified studies were heterogeneous. Further randomised trial data are required to clarify the place of this combination modality in the NEN treatment paradigm.
Cryolipolysis in the United States—Review of the clinical data
Authors: Hetzel John , Awad Nardin , Bhupalam Vishnu , Nestor Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive body contouring is becoming more popular in the United States as an alternative to liposuction. The most popular of these methods, cryolipolysis, uses precisely controlled cooling to reduce focal adiposities. The number of cryolipolysis procedures performed annually has experienced rampant growth in United States markets, and the indications have likewise diversified. In light of this change, it is imperative to perform an updated review of available US safety and efficacy data on cryolipolysis.AimsTo examine the safety and efficacy of cryolipolysis treatments in the United States using data extracted from research performed exclusively at US‐based sites.MethodsIn order to identify relevant studies, a literature search was conducted on PubMed using the terms “CoolSculpting” OR “cryolipolysis” OR “lipocryolysis.” Articles were manually reviewed to exclude literature reviews, research not performed on humans, studies on experimental combinations of techniques, and any studies not performed in the United States.ResultsThe initial literature search returned 246 results. Following manual review, a total of 18 studies were selected for data extraction. Mean reduction in fat thickness by ultrasound was 2.0–5.1 mm or 19.6%–32.3%; mean reduction by body caliper was 2.3–7 mm or 14.9%–21.5%. Side effects were mild and transient. Four instances of PAH were documented in 3453 treatment cycles.ConclusionsCryolipolysis is a safe, modestly effective method for reducing focal adiposity. Complications are rare and treatable. However, US‐based studies are few in number and often of low power and/or quality. More high‐quality research is needed for all aspects of cryolipolysis.
Placement of peripherally inserted central catheter through upper versus lower limb vein in neonates: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhao Xuetang , Liu Yingfei , Li Xiaoyan , Wei Li , Bian Lanzheng , Peng Mingqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimPeripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is an important treatment for the drug and nutrition administration in neonates. We aimed to evaluate the effects and safety of PICC placement through upper versus lower limb vein in neonates, to provide insights into the clinical PICC nursing care.DesignA meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Weipu Database, China Biomedical Literature Database for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the placement of PICC via upper limb and lower limb venipuncture. Two reviewers independently evaluated and cross‐checked the quality of the included studies in accordance with the quality standards of the Cochrane Manual. We used RevMan 5.3 software for statistical processing.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs were included in this meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis indicated that compared with upper limb veins, PICC insertion through lower limb veins is beneficial to increase the one‐time puncture success rate (relative risk [RR]  =  0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.79) and the indwelling time (mean difference [MD] =  −3.60, 95% CI: −5.35 to −1.86), reduce the operation time (MD =  10.37, 95% CI: 7.48–13.26), estimated bleeding volume (MD =  0.55, 95% CI: 0.34–0.75), incidence of catheter ectopia (RR  =  2.46, 95% CI: 1.81–3.35), PICC‐associated infection (RR  =  2.82, 95% CI: 1.65–4.83), exosmosis (RR  =  2.45, 95% CI: 1.49–4.04, p < .001) and phlebitis (RR  =  1.40, 95% CI: 1.03–1.90). No significant difference in the Incidence of catheter obstruction between the upper and lower limb veins (RR  =  1.20, 95% CI: 0.73–1.97, p = .48) was found.Public ContributionThere are certain advantages in neonatal PICC puncture through the lower limb vein. The lower limb vein may be the preferred choice for neonatal PICC puncture.
Do Realists Predict?
Authors: Porpora Douglas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs Petter Naess observes, some specifically prominent voices within CR have expressly denied our ability to predict much in the social domain while others express great caution about endorsing any such ability. In print, Naess has been the most prominent CR voice defending predictability, but there are others of us critical realists who share Naess's view. The purpose of this paper is to further defend the view that critical realists have no special problem with predicting events. We just do not grant prediction the same status that positivists do. The argument here is parallel to Porpora's that critical realists can and do run regressions but without granting them the same explanatory status as positivism.
‘Delicate ironies quite imperceptible on its surface’: Henry S. Whitehead's weird tales and American empire in the Caribbean
Authors: Goodrum Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article mounts an initial exploratory engagement with the weird fiction of Henry S. Whitehead, framed by American imperial expansion into the Caribbean in the interwar years. It situates Whitehead and his work within the wider historical context and shows how Whitehead himself used and played with history as part of his fiction. The article considers the role of light in Whitehead's fiction and imperial projects, as well as the way that Whitehead's work, as horror fiction, both shapes and seeks to dispel notions of the Caribbean as a space of horror. As well as offering some initial conclusions, the article seeks to open further lines for future investigation.
Exploring Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato biofilm‐like aggregate formation in susceptible and PTI‐responding Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xiao Wantao N. , Nunn Garrett M. , Fufeng Angela B. , Belu Natalie , Brookman Rowan K. , Halim Abdul , Krysmanski Evan C. , Cameron Robin K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBacterial biofilm‐like aggregates have been observed in plants, but their role in pathogenicity is underinvestigated. In the present study, we observed that extracellular DNA and polysaccharides colocalized with green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) aggregates in Arabidopsis leaves, suggesting that Pst aggregates are biofilms. GFP‐expressing Pst, Pst ΔalgU ΔmucAB (Pst algU mutant), and Pst ΔalgD ΔalgU ΔmucAB (Pst algU algD mutant) were examined to explore the roles of (1) alginate, a potential biofilm component; (2) Pst AlgU, thought to regulate alginate biosynthesis and some type III secretion system effector genes; and (3) intercellular salicylic acid (SA) accumulation during pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Pst formed extensive aggregates in susceptible plants, whereas aggregate numbers and size were reduced in Pst algU and Pst algD algU mutants, and both multiplied poorly in planta, suggesting that aggregate formation contributes to Pst success in planta. However, in SA‐deficient sid2‐2 plants, Pst algD algU mutant multiplication and aggregate formation were partially restored, suggesting plant‐produced SA contributes to suppression of Pst aggregate formation. Pst algD algU mutants formed fewer and smaller aggregates than Pst algU mutants, suggesting both AlgU and AlgD contribute to Pst aggregate formation. Col‐0 plants accumulated low levels of SA in response to Pst and both mutants (Pst algU and Pst algD algU), suggesting the regulatory functions of AlgU are not involved in suppressing SA‐mediated plant defence. Plant PTI was associated with highly reduced Pst aggregate formation and accumulation of intercellular SA in flg22‐induced PTI‐responding wild‐type Col‐0, but not in PTI‐incompetent fls2, suggesting intercellular SA accumulation by Arabidopsis contributes to suppression of Pst biofilm‐like aggregate formation during PTI.
Evaluation of the outcomes of the Quebec provincial suicide prevention gatekeeper training on knowledge, recognition of attitudes, perceived self‐efficacy, intention to help, and helping behaviors
Authors: Montiel Corentin , Mishara Brian L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionGatekeeper (GK) training is a suicide prevention strategy in which community members learn to identify individuals at risk of suicide and refer them for appropriate help. Despite its widespread use, few studies have investigated its effects, including changes in helping behaviors.AimsTo assess the impact of GK training on participants' knowledge, recognition of the influence of attitudes, perceived self‐efficacy, intention to help and helping behaviors, and to identify variables associated with GK behaviors.MethodsMixed linear effects and forward stepwise logistic regressions were used to analyze data from 159 participants receiving the Quebec Provincial GK Training program offered by five different suicide prevention centers using pretest, posttest and 6‐month follow‐up questionnaires.ResultsParticipants' knowledge of the GK role and suicide prevention, intention to help, self‐efficacy, knowledge of services, and recognition of the influence of attitudes significantly increased following training. Most changes decreased at follow‐up but remained higher than at pretest. Lower levels of education and higher intention to help were significant predictors of engaging in helping behaviors in the first 6 months after receiving training.ConclusionsThe Quebec GK training appears to be effective in preparing participants for their role but does not appear to significantly increase helping behaviors.
Addressing medial student knowledge deficits in ‘hospital‐to‐home’ transitions of care using a constructivism theory‐based workshop intervention
Authors: Browne Anne C. , Murphy Ella , Finn Yvonne , Cantillon Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionEffective teaching and learning initiatives on transitions of patient care, especially from hospital to home, are frequently lacking within medical school curricula. We trialled an integrated test‐enhanced active learning strategy to prepare students for the safe management of these patient transitions.MethodsThis randomised, prospective, single blinded, interventional study assessed medical students' knowledge, regarding patients' hospital‐to‐home transition. The intervention was a purpose‐designed transitions of care workshop, the assessment tool was a multiple‐choice assessment based on prior studies. Students were randomly allocated to the application of the assessment both pre‐ and post‐workshop or to assessment solely post‐workshop to determine the potential for the assessment to prime student learning.ResultsSixteen students enrolled for the workshops. Significant knowledge gaps were identified. No student identified that medication errors were the most common source of post‐discharge adverse events. Only 42% of participants knew that age >65 contributes to medication non‐adherence, with 50% knowing that the medical reconciliation process should include discontinued medications.The workshop increased student knowledge, addressing identified knowledge gaps (74% pre‐workshop versus 87% post‐workshop, p < 0.005). Students self‐perceived level of competency after completing the workshop intervention was increased (5.5 pre‐workshop versus 15 post‐workshop, p < 0.001). All aspects of student self‐assessed competency increased significantly from the pre‐workshop scores. There was no priming effect of the pre‐workshop assessment on student knowledge scores or perceived competency.DiscussionImportant gaps in student knowledge skills and attitudes exist regarding the hospital to home transition. Our active learning strategy addressed these gaps, enhancing student understanding and confidence around transitions of patient care.
On the social nature of artefacts
Authors: Juvshik Tim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent work in metaphysics has focused on the nature of artefacts, most accounts of which assume that artefacts depend on the intentions of their individual makers. Artefacts are thus importantly different from institutional kinds, which involve collective intentions. However, recent work in social ontology has yielded renewed focus on the social dimensions of various kinds, including artefacts. As a result, some philosophers have suggested that artefacts have a distinctly social dimension that goes beyond their makers' individual intentions but which stops short of the collective intentionality of institutional kinds. I aim to combine these insights into an account of artefacts that involves disjunctive conditions of mind‐dependence: Artefacts can either depend on the singular intentions of their makers or they can depend on the collective acceptance of particular social groups. Whether the first or second disjunct is satisfied depends on the artefact's context of creation. I'll argue that this applies not to artefact kinds but to individual artefacts. I then consider two objections to my view based on Robinson Crusoe cases and show how my account allows us to fit artefacts into a taxonomy of social kinds.
Meet in the middle: Could cell mediated‐immunity assays be the answer for ideal Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis after lung transplantation? Observational study from a single center with intermittent antiviral prophylaxis
Authors: Campos Sílvia Vidal , Teixeira Lisete Ribeiro , Freire Maristela Pinheiro , Mamana Ana Carolina , Machado Clarisse Martins 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause tissue‐invasive disease and indirect effects after lung transplantation (LTx) such as acute rejection episodes and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Monitoring CMV‐specific cell immune recovery (CMV‐CIR) after LTx can individualize CMV risks and establish better antiviral approach. This study evaluated the dynamics of CMV‐CIR, using QuantiFERON‐CMV assay (Qiagen Group), in the first year after LTx.MethodsProspective observational cohort study included lung transplant recipients from December/2015 to December/2016. Universal antiviral prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir 5 mg/kg/day 3 days/week for 3 months was given for CMV‐seropositive recipients (R+) and only CMV‐seropositive donor and negative recipient (D+/R−) received a 6‐month‐prophylaxis with ganciclovir and valganciclovir, on alternate days, in the first 3 months and then, 3 more months of valganciclovir. QuantiFERON‐CMV was measured at the same time points of surveillance bronchoscopies. CMV infection was defined as any DNAemia detected and CMV disease with proven biopsy or antigenemia pp65 above 10 cells/300.000 neutrophils.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were included. On days 45, 90, and 365 days post‐LTx, 60%, 72%, and 81% QuantiFERON‐CMV were reactive, respectively. Eleven patients (28.9%) presented CMV‐disease and 27 DNAemia/CMV infections. Reactive tests were able to predict CMV disease only at 90 days after LTx (p = .027) but failed on DNAemia/CMV infection (p = .148). Daily prophylaxis, for D+/R− patients (13.2%), remained as an independently associated factor for not achieving reactive QuantiFERON‐CMV (adjusted OR .27, 95%CI .12–.60, p = .02).ConclusionQuantiFERON‐CMV may be another diagnostic tool to help stratify CMV‐disease risk and individualized antiviral prophylaxis after LTx.
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A review of the pharmacology and clinical applications of levetiracetam in dogs and cats
Authors: Mastrocco Alicia , Prittie Jennifer , West Chad , Clark Melissa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo review and summarize the pharmacology of the antiepileptic drug (AED), levetiracetam (LEV), and to discuss its clinical utility in dogs and cats.Data SourcesVeterinary and human peer‐reviewed medical literature and the authors’ clinical experience.SummaryLEV is an AED with mechanisms of action distinct from those of other AEDs. In people and small animals, LEV exhibits linear kinetics, excellent oral bioavailability, and minimal drug–drug interactions. Serious side effects are rarely reported in any species. LEV use is gaining favor for treating epilepsy in small animals and may have wider clinical applications in patients with portosystemic shunts, neuroglycopenia, and traumatic brain injury. In people, LEV may improve cognitive function in patients with dementia.ConclusionLEV is a well‐tolerated AED with well‐documented efficacy in human patients. Although its use is becoming more common in veterinary medicine, its role as a first‐line monotherapy in small animal epileptics remains to be determined. This review of the human and animal literature regarding LEV describes its role in epileptic people and animals as well as in other disease states and provides recommendations for clinical usage.
Effects of Breaking Up Sedentary Behavior With Short Bouts of Yoga and Tai-Chi on Glycemia, Concentration, and Well-Being
Authors: Colvin Alexander , Murray Lynne , Noble Jillian , Chastin Sebastien 
Published: November 2023

Background: Investigating the effects of breaking up sedentary behavior with short bouts of Yoga and Tai-Chi on glycemic control, concentration, and well-being in healthy individuals. Methods: In this randomized balanced incomplete block study, 15 adults (age = 26 [2.50] y, 8 females) completed 2 of 3 protocols: uninterrupted sitting (Control), sitting interrupted with 3 minutes of Yoga every 30 minutes, or with 3 minutes of Tai-Chi every 30 minutes. Protocols lasted 7.5 hours and included a standardized diet. Glucose was measured every 30 minutes with a glucometer (Abbott FreeStyle Libre). Concentration and well-being were recorded with self-reported ecological momentary assessment. Area under the curve was calculated for glucose data. Statistical analyses were performed as a hierarchical repeated-measures model. Results: Glucose area under the curve for the Yoga intervention (34.55 [3.12] mmol/L) was significantly lower than the Control (38.14 [3.18] mmol/L; P < .05). There was a trend toward lower glucose in the Tai-Chi group compared with the Control, but no significant differences were found (AUCTai-Chi = 36.64 [3.11] mmol/L; P = .57). Mean concentration in all groups decreased throughout the day, with the largest decrease in the Control. Well-being for the Yoga and Control groups decreased but increased with Tai-Chi. Concentration and well-being responses were not statistically significant between intervention groups. Conclusions: Breaking up sedentary behavior using 3-minute bouts of Yoga significantly lowers blood glucose in healthy individuals without compromising concentration or well-being. Tai-Chi did not provide the same significant effect on glucose levels but allowed better maintenance of concentration and well-being. These interventions provide effective ways to combat the deleterious effects of prolonged sedentary time while maintaining concentration and well-being.