bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and permselectivity properties of polysulfones based on bisphenol A and 1, 1 bi‐2 naphthol
Authors: Lagunas‐Fuentes C. , Ruiz‐Treviño F. A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPolysulfone copolymers based on mixtures of bisphenol A, BPA, and 1,1 bi‐2 naphthol, BN, diols have been synthesized and their gas permeability coefficients and selectivity separation factors for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4, at 5 atm and 35 °C, have been measured in a standard permeation cell. The polysulfone copolymers can form flexible thin films suitable for gas separation membranes. The gas selectivity for O2/N2 measured for the polysulfone copolymers synthesized with 50 and 70 mol % of BN, with the rest being BPA, in the initial mixture of diols are 6.4 and 6.8, respectively. The corresponding gas permeability coefficients for O2 are 1.24 and 1.09 Barrers. Compared to the corresponding selectivity and permeability balance reported for polysulfones based on pure BPA, BPA–PSF, the copolymers show a balance that moves in the direction of higher selectivity with small losses in the permeability of the fastest gas. From the glass transition temperature determinations, it is observed that the incorporation of BN in the repeating unit of BPA–PSF inhibits large‐scale segmental motions that are reflected in reductions in the diffusivity coefficients for all gases. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 226–231, 2004
Synthesis, structure, and properties of polyimide and polyurethane‐urea‐imide copolymers
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Zhen , Luo Xiaolie , Ma Dezhu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSeveral, novel polyimide–polyurethane‐urea‐imide (PI‐PUI) copolymers with different polyimide (PI) contents were prepared by an in situ interpenetrating reaction between polyurethane‐urea‐imide (PUI) precursor and poly(amide acid). Changing the ratio of the PUI precursor and poly(amide acid) resulted in a change of the properties of the PI‐PUI copolymers from plastic to elastomer. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the characteristic absorption bands of PI‐PUI copolymers; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses revealed that the glass‐transition temperature of the soft‐segment‐rich phase decreased as the PI content increased in PI‐PUIs, meaning that the soft segments (i.e., PEG) were more incompatible and had better crystallizability with a high‐PI‐segment content in PI‐PUI. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction curves exhibited more ordered structure within the disordered PI‐PUI copolymer's state with an increasing PI content, which further agreed with the DSC results. Scanning electron micrographs clearly showed that the molecular chains in PI‐PUI with a high‐PI‐content packed, ordered lamellar structure. Thermogravimetric curves indicated that the heat resistance of PI‐PUI was better than pure PUI. The introduction of the PI component into PUI by an in situ interpenetrating reaction method is an effective way to improve the thermal stability and solvent resistance of PUI. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 216–225, 2004
Including 4‐Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives into β‐Cyclodextrin to Form Complexes Affects Their Antioxidative Effect on Free‐Radical‐Induced Hemolysis of Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Liu Zai‐Qun , Luo Xu‐Yang , Liu Guo‐Zong , Liu Qing‐Wen 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA series of β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of 4‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives was designed and their activities on free‐radical‐induced hemolysis were studied. The hemolysis of human erythrocytes was initiated by 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH). A novel distributive status was designed: 7‐chloro‐4‐hydroxyquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (CA), 7‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxyquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (FA), 7‐chloro‐4‐hydroxyquinoline (CQ) and 7‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxy quinoline (FQ) were included into β‐cyclodextrin to form host‐guest complexes, CACD, FACD, CQCD and FQCD, respectively. The hemolysis process was expressed mathematically by Boltzmann equation. Three complexes acted as concentration‐dependent antioxidants, and the order of concentration‐sensitivity was CQCD>FACD>FQCD. CACD did not show activity. The order of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was FQCD<FACD<CQCD, which was different from that dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) remarkably. FQCD may be a candidate for a novel antitumor drug.
Molecular Modeling of Interaction of the Vasopressin Analogs with Vasopressin and Oxytocin Receptors
Authors: Ślusarz Rafał , Ślusarz Magdalena J. , Kaźmierkiewicz Rajmund , Lammek Bernard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this study the interaction of seven new analogs of arginine vasopressin (AVP) substituted in position 2 or 3 with 1‐aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (Acc) with the vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) receptors (V1aR, V2R and OTR) is described. All peptides were synthesized and tested in bioassays for pressor and antidiuretic activities. Also their uterotonic activity in vitro has been measured. This work was aimed at checking the applicability of computational methods for predicting receptor‐ligand interactions and makes a good basis for selecting the receptor amino acid residues involved in ligand binding. The results of this study suggest preferred geometries of new, potentially active AVP analogs.
Study of interfacial chemistry on direct curing adhesion between Ni–P plating and rubber using 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trithiol monosodium salt
Authors: Hirahara Hidetoshi , Aisawa Sumio , Mori Kunio , Narita Eiichi , Oishi Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDirect adhesion between Ni–P‐plated iron and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber, hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber and ethylene–propylene rubber was successful using 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trithiol monosodium salt (TTN) without any adhesive. Peel strength in the adherends was influenced by the amount of TTN employed. The interfacial structure between Ni–P‐plated iron and curing rubbers has been investigated with x‐ray microanalysis, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The TTN derivatives gathered locally at the interface between the Ni–P‐plated iron and curing rubber adherends. The TTN layer located near the interface is referred to as a reinforcement layer. This layer was in general ∼70 nm thick and consisted of composites of the Ni salt of TTN. The TTN is thought to work as a binder that bonds between Ni–P‐plated iron and rubber chains. The single bonds between both Ni–P‐plated iron and rubber TTN was confirmed from Kraus plots and model experiments using TTN. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Si 2p XPS spectrum of the hydrogen‐terminated (100) surface of device‐quality silicon
Authors: Cerofolini G. F. , Galati C. , Renna L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn experimental study of the Si 2p XPS spectrum at different take‐off angles of atomically flat, hydrogen‐terminated 1 × 1 Si(100) is reported. The observed spectrum can be described accurately by considering three additional contributions to the spectrum of elemental silicon. Each contribution is attributed to a chemical state of silicon on the basis of its chemical shift with respect to elemental silicon and the depth of the region where it was originated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of glow discharge plasma for surface modification of polypropylene
Authors: Yousefi H. R. , Ghoranneviss M. , Tehrani A. R. , Khamseh S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMaterial surface properties of polymers, plastics, ceramics and textiles can be modified by atmospheric or low‐pressure glow discharge plasma. The aim of the present work is to study the surface modification of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film in order to improve its hydrophilic and wetting properties. In this article we used low‐pressure, low‐temperature oxygen plasma for the surface treatment of BOPP. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that plasma treatment causes mainly physical changes by creating microcraters and roughness on the surface and increasing surface friction. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra show oxygen‐containing groups such as OH at 3513 cm−1 and CO at 1695 cm−1. Microscopic investigations of water droplets on BOPP (treated, untreated) show that the interfacial adhesion of treated surfaces is increased. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electropolymerization of DBSA‐doped polypyrrole films on PTFE via an electroless copper interlayer
Authors: Prissanaroon W. , Brack N. , Pigram P. J. , Liesegang J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe report on the electroless deposition of thin films of copper on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and their use as substrates for electropolymerization of polypyrrole. Argon plasma‐treated PTFE films were modified by silanization using N‐[3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (TMS). The TMS‐modified PTFE films were subsequently activated by PdCl2 for the electroless deposition of copper. The omission of the commonly used SnCl2 sensitization step represents a significant process enhancement with environmental and cost benefits. The surface composition of the substrate (before and after surface treatments) and overlayer films was studied using high‐resolution x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A combination of time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and water contact‐angle measurements was also used to study the PTFE surface after argon plasma treatment. The Cu/PTFE films were used as substrates for subsequent pyrrole electropolymerization in aqueous dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid (DBSA) solution. The DBSA‐doped polypyrrole overlayers were successfully deposited on the Cu/PTFE surface using a constant applied potential of 1.5 V. The resulting material exhibited a doping level of 39%, determined using chemical component analysis of the N 1s photoelectron peak. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are measured values of the Auger parameter always independent of charging effects?
Authors: Oswald S. , González‐Elipe A. R. , Reiche R. , Espinos J. P. , Martín A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) the Auger parameter is often used to study the electronic properties of elements, particularly in insulator materials, because this parameter is assumed to be independent of charging effects. In this paper we report on subtle differences in sample structure and experimental conditions for which the sample potential may not remain constant during the measurements for some spectrometers or experimental arrangements; for such conditions the Auger parameter is not independent of charging. We compare a series of measurements with insulating plate substrates of Al2O3 on which different amounts of SnO2 and Au were deposited. X‐ray photoelectron spectra were collected for different conditions of the sample that was placed either grounded or left floating on a metallic sample holder during measurement. It is found that the Auger parameter is independent of the experimental conditions for Au but substantial differences were found for deposited SnO2. Surprisingly, measurement artifacts due to charging appeared in the Auger parameter for Sn when the sample holder was grounded but not when it was left floating. In the grounded samples differences up to 0.6 eV in the Auger parameter for Sn were found with respect to the actual value of this parameter measured with substrates where charging effects were not significant. Because no differences in peak broadening have been observed under different measurement conditions, it has been assumed that the shift was not caused by a conventional differential charging phenomenon. Considering the different response of the substrate and the deposited layer on stabilizing the charge when the sample is grounded, we have worked out a possible explanation to account for the observed artifacts. Instrumental specifications should be optimized very carefully, especially if (as here) relatively high charging shifts point to a non‐optimum self‐biasing of the surface potential at the insulating samples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the electronic and atomic structure of thermally treated SrTiO3(110) surfaces
Authors: Gunhold A. , Beuermann L. , Gömann K. , Borchardt G. , Kempter V. , Maus‐Friedrichs W. , Piskunov S. , Kotomin E. A. , Dorfman S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe electronic structure of heated SrTiO3(110) surfaces was investigated with metastable impact electron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (He(I)). Scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to study the topology of the surface. The crystals were heated up to 1000°C under reducing conditions in ultrahigh vacuum or under oxidizing conditions in synthetic air for 1 h, respectively. Under both conditions microfacetting of the surface is observed. The experimental results are compared with ab initio Hartree–Fock calculations, also presented here, carried out for both ideal and reconstructed SrTiO3(110) surfaces. The results give direct evidence for Ti termination of the faceted TiO2 rows. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation into the surface selective oxidation of dual‐phase steels by XPS, SAM and SIMS
Authors: Vanden Eynde X. , Servais J. P. , Lamberigts M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSurface selective oxides created during continuous annealing (MnO, SiO2, etc.) can have a deleterious effect on coating adhesion after hot‐dip galvanizing. Earlier research works have made it clear that increasing the annealing atmosphere oxidizing potential can alleviate the problem by reducing external surface selective oxidation. In the present study, increasing the water vapour content of the nitrogen–hydrogen protective gas mixture was used to raise its oxidizing potential. The technique was applied to a classical dual‐phase steel (0.15% C, 1.5% Mn, 0.45% Si, 0.05% Al…) that was annealed for 60 s at 800–810°C in protective atmospheres of nitrogen and 5% hydrogen with water vapour contents ranging from 10 to 6000 ppm.Post‐annealing surfaces were characterized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM). In situ XPS analyses were carried out right after simulation annealing in the preparation chamber connected to the spectrometer, never returning the specimens to air. This made it possible to identify in a reliable way the elements that segregated to the surface during the treatment, and to determine their corresponding oxidation states. On the other hand, the high sensitivity of SIMS was taken advantage of to assess oxide in‐depth concentration profiles (SiO2, Al2O3, FeO) as a function of the annealing conditions, and SAM was used to characterize the corresponding oxide particle morphology.External selective oxidation was thus shown to decrease with increasing water vapour contents in the atmosphere (from 80 to 6000 ppm), whereas internal oxidation increases drastically to ∼4 μm below the free surface. At 10 ppm of H2O the oxygen partial pressure is very low and the external selective oxidation results in a thin, but almost complete, coverage of the steel surface. Consequently, metallic iron cannot be observed at the surface, thus hampering hot‐dip galvanizability, unless the water vapour content is raised to 6000 ppm. Various surface morphologies were observed and discussed.In the authors' opinion, basic investigations of this type are an indispensable first step to improving the response of highly alloyed steels (dual‐phase, TRIP) to hot‐dip galvanizing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONSIT: a fully automated conditioned program slicer
Authors: Fox Chris , Danicic Sebastian , Harman Mark , Hierons Robert M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractConditioned slicing is a source code extraction technique. The extraction is performed with respect to a slicing criterion which contains a set of variables and conditions of interest. Conditioned slicing removes the parts of the original program which cannot affect the variables at the point of interest, when the conditions are satisfied. This produces a conditioned slice, which preserves the behaviour of the original with respect to the slicing criterion.Conditioned slicing has applications in source code comprehension, reuse, restructuring and testing. Unfortunately, implementation is not straightforward because the full exploitation of conditions requires the combination of symbolic execution, theorem proving and traditional static slicing. Hitherto, this difficultly has hindered development of fully automated conditioning slicing tools.This paper describes the first fully automated conditioned slicing system, CONSIT, detailing the theory that underlies it, its architecture and the way it combines symbolic execution, theorem proving and slicing technologies. The use of CONSIT is illustrated with respect to the applications of testing and comprehension. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Delayed Harvest Time on Physico‐chemical Properties of Sweetpotato Starch
Authors: Toyama Jun , Ishiguro Koji , Noda Takahiro , Kumagai Toru , Yamakawa Osamu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractEight varieties of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] were transplanted in June, and harvested in October, November, December 1999 and January 2000. Starch content and starch properties of the tuberous roots were compared on delaying the harvest date. The shoot tops got blighted in early December and chilling injury rate of roots (average of eight varieties) increased up to 76.7% in January with decrease in temperature. Starch contents in October (24.0 g/100 g fresh weight, fw) and November (25.0 g/100 g fw) were almost the same, but the content decreased remarkably in December (21.2 g/100 g fw) and January (15.5 g/100 g fw). In December and January, the sucrose content of the roots had higher values. Hardness and leaked water percentage (LWP) of the starch gels remarkably increased from November to December (hardness: 76.4 to 112.3 g, LWP: 6.6 to 10.9%). On the contrary, the changes in amylose content and pasting properties of the starches were not consistent with decrease in temperature. This suggests that the effect of low temperature on these properties is insignificant after the growth period of sweetpotato. There were significant differences among the varieties in terms of starch retrogradation. The selection of varieties such as Kyushu 123 with the lowest percentage of retrogradation and Kyukei90142‐8 with the lowest chilling injury rate will help to lengthen the storage time in the field at least until December.
Effect of Cultivation Conditions on Retrogradation of Sweetpotato Starch
Authors: Ishiguro Koji , Noda Takahiro , Yamakawa Osamu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSweetpotatoes were grown under four cultivation conditions, i. e. early planting and early harvesting (I, E‐E), standard (II, STD), early planting and late harvesting (III, E‐L), and late planting and late harvesting (IV, L‐L). Retrogradation of the starch isolated from fresh roots was estimated by the hardness and syneresis rate after two weeks of storage at 5 °C. A significant difference in retrogradation among the cultivation conditions and cultivars was observed. The starch tended to exhibit slower retrogradation in late harvesting, where the temperature was low. The differences in amylose content and the proportion of short unit‐chains (DP 9‐11) of amylopectin among cultivation conditions were also significant. Starch retrogradation was positively correlated with the proportion of chains with DP 12‐14 but negatively correlated with the proportion of DP 9‐11. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between amylose content and retrogradation. These results indicate that the main factor for retrogradation under any cultivation condition is the proportion of short unit‐chains of amylopectin. The best performance of sweetpotato starch as a food ingredient would be achieved by selecting both the proper cultivar and cultivation conditions.
Reliability of a model based on a short fishery statistics survey: application to the Northeast Atlantic monkfish fishery
Authors: Rocha Francisco , Gracia Joaquín , González Ángel F , Jardón Carlos M , Guerra Ángel 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A model based on a short fishery statistics survey was applied to estimate catch and catch per unit effort (cpue) of the Galician monkfish (Lophius spp.) trawl fleet during 1998. In all, 35 interviews were conducted with fisheries personnel in ICES Divisions IXa, VIIIc, VIIId, and VIIIe (coastal offshore fishing grounds) and 44 in VIIb, VIIc, VIIj, and VIIk (Grand Sole fishing ground). Reliability of the model estimates was tested using: (i) registered fish market landings at 38 ports; (ii) landings data from sale invoices at six of these ports (93.8% of total landings of the species); (iii) 29 observers' trips made on board coastal offshore trawlers and the logbook of one Grand Sole trawler. Estimated mean total catch from the model was 5110 t (602 t coastal offshore, 4508 t in Grand Sole) and cpue values were 36.2 kg haul−1 vessel−1 coastal offshore and 104.4 kg haul−1 vessel−1 Grand Sole. Differences between the values of cpue estimated by the model and those determined directly in both fisheries were not significant. However, there were differences between the total catch estimated by the model and the total landings deduced from sale invoices and Galician fish market information.
Gene expression of periostin in the early stage of fracture healing detected by cDNA microarray analysis
Authors: Nakazawa Tetsuro , Nakajima Arata , Seki Naohiko , Okawa Akihiko , Kato Masaki , Moriya Hidesige , Amizuka Norio , Einhorn Thomas A. , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTo comprehensively evaluate gene expression in the early stage of fracture healing, we used a cDNA microarray with 2304 cDNA clones derived from an oligo‐capped mouse embryo library. Closed mid‐diaphyseal fractures were created in mouse tibiae and expression profiles were analyzed 3 days after fracture. Six genes were up‐regulated in comparison to those in unfractured bones and these included three genes previously identified but never shown to be present in fractures, periostin, calumenin, and FHL‐1. Cloning of these genes has been completed but their expression pattern and function during fracture healing and bone formation remain to be elucidated. Up‐regulation of the six genes was reconfirmed by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR analysis. Spatial and temporal expression of one of the newly identified fracture‐induced genes, periostin, was analyzed using in situ hybridization, because it displayed the highest up‐regulation ratio. A signal for periostin was detected in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and immature preosteoblastic cells in the periosteal tissues between days 3 and 14 after fracture. Northern analysis showed that periostin gene expression rapidly increased by day 3, reached a peak on day 7, and declined by day 14. These findings suggest that periostin is a specific marker for preosteoblasts and may play an important role in periosteal callus formation during the early stage of fracture healing. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.