bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge integration in virtual teams: The potential role of KMS
Authors: Alavi Maryam , Tiwana Amrit 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVirtual teams are becoming a preferred mechanism for harnessing, integrating, and applying knowledge that is distributed across organizations and in pockets of collaborative networks. In this article we recognize that knowledge application, among the three phases of knowledge management, has received little research attention. Paradoxically, this phase contributes most to value creation. Extending communication theory, we identify four challenges to knowledge integration in virtual team environments: constraints on transactive memory, insufficient mutual understanding, failure in sharing and retaining contextual knowledge, and inflexibility of organizational ties. We then propose knowledge management system (KMS) approaches to meet these challenges. Finally, we identify promising avenues for future research in this area.
Exact permutation tests for unreplicated factorials
Authors: Pesarin Fortunato , Salmaso Luigi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExact permutation testing of effects in unreplicated two‐level multifactorial designs is developed based on the notion of realigning observations and on paired permutations. This approach preserves the exchangeability of error components for testing up to k effects. Advantages and limitations of exact permutation procedures for unreplicated factorials are discussed and a simulation study on paired permutation testing is presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical impedance tomography via filtered‐back projection of fan current distribution: A numerical simulation
Authors: De Simone B.C. , Siciliano R. , Pachi′ A. , Cametti C. , De Luca F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn approach to electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data acquisition inspired by NMR‐filtered back‐projection imaging with fan isochromat distribution is proposed. A current projection is generated by injecting current at a certain point of the sample and simultaneously collecting the current itself at different points on the half space opposite the point of current injection. After that, the injection is shifted to another point and collected as above and so on. A very simple algebra and software support the numerical simulations. This method is expected to be more sensitive than the traditional method based on potential measurements. A preliminary low resolution experiment is presented. Bioelectromagnetics 23:516–521, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Verapamil protective effect on natural and artificial magnetic field cardiovascular impact
Authors: Gmitrov Juraj , Ohkubo Chiyoji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPreviously we found an opposite effect of artificial static magnetic field (SMF) and natural geomagnetic field (GMF) on arterial baroreceptors. A 0.35 T SMF increased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), whereas GMF disturbance decreased BRS. Here, we investigated interrelated impacts on arterial baroreceptors of 0.35 T SMF, generated by Nd2‐Fe14‐B alloy magnets, GMF, and verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocking agent. We measured BRS in rabbits before and after local SMF exposure of sinocarotid baroreceptors or after simultaneous SMF and verapamil application, in conjunction with geomagnetic disturbance during actual experimental run (determined by K‐index) and geomagnetic disturbance over the preceding 24 h of each experiment (Ak‐index). BRS was estimated from peak responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate, expressed as percentages of the resting values preceding each pair of pressure (phenylephrine) and depressor drug (nitroprusside) injections. Prior to verapamil and/or SMF application we found a significant positive correlation of K‐index with MAP (t = 2.39, P = .021, n = 44), but negative with BRS (t = −4.60, P = .0003, n = 44), and found a negative correlation of Ak‐index with BRS (t = −2.7, P = 0.01, n = 44). SMF induced an increase in BRS (0.79 ± 0.1 vs. 1.15 ± 0.1 bpm%/mmHg%, initial value vs. SMF exposure, P < .0002, n = 26). Verapamil infusion blocked the SMF and GMF effect on BRS, indicating Ca2+ channels as a possible site of both fields' impact. SMF and GMF probably affect baroreceptor sensory transduction, modulating baroreceptor membranes' Ca2+ channel permeability. Bioelectromagnetics 23:531–541, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix metalloproteinases and collagen catabolism
Authors: Lauer‐Fields Janelle L. , Juska Darius , Fields Gregg B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)/matrixin family has been implicated in both normal tissue remodeling and a variety of diseases associated with abnormal turnover of extracellular matrix components. The mechanism by which MMPs catabolize collagen (collagenolysis) is still largely unknown. Substrate flexibility, MMP active sites, and MMP exosites all contribute to collagen degradation. It has recently been demonstrated that the ability to cleave a triple helix (triple‐helical peptidase activity) can be distinguished from the ability to cleave collagen (collagenolytic activity). This suggests that the ability to cleave a triple helix is not the limiting factor for collagenolytic activity—the ability to properly orient and potentially destabilize collagen is. For the MMP family, the catalytic domain can unwind and cleave a triple‐helical structure, while the C‐terminal hemopexin‐like domain appears to be responsible for properly orienting collagen and destabilizing it to some degree. It is also possible that exosites within the catalytic and/or C‐terminal hemopexin‐like domain may exclude some MMPs from cleaving collagen. Overall, it appears that many proteases of distinct mechanisms possess triple‐helical peptidase activity, and that convergent evolution led to a few proteases possessing collagenolytic activity. Proper orientation and distortion of the triple helix may be the key factor for collagenolysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 19–32, 2002
Novel electrochemical–enzymatic model which quantifies the effect of the solution Eh on the kinetics of ferrous iron oxidation with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Meruane G. , Salhe C. , Wiertz J. , Vargas T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe influence of solution Eh on the rate of ferrous iron oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is characterized. The experimental approach was based on the use of a two‐chamber bioelectrochemical cell, which can determine the ferrous iron oxidation rate at controlled potential. Results enabled the formulation of a novel kinetic model, which incorporates the effect of solution Eh in an explicit form but still integrates the effect of ferrous iron concentration and ferric inhibition. The results showed that at Eh values below 650 mV (standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) the bacterial oxidative activity is mainly dependent on ferrous iron concentration. At Eh values between 650 and 820 mV (SHE) the oxidation rate is mainly controlled by ferric inhibition. Over 820 mV (SHE) the bacterial oxidative activity is strongly inhibited by the Eh increase, being completely inhibited at Eh = 840 mV (SHE). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 280–288, 2002.
Green marketing, public policy and managerial strategies
Authors: Prakash Aseem 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGreen marketing subsumes greening products as well as greening firms. In addition to manipulating the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion) of the traditional marketing mix, it requires a careful understanding of public policy processes. This paper focuses primarily on promoting products by employing claims about their environmental attributes or about firms that manufacture and/or sell them. Secondarily, it focuses on product and pricing issues. Drawing on multiple literatures, it examines issues such as what needs to be greened (products, systems or processes), why consumers purchase/do not purchase green products and how firms should think about information disclosure strategies on environmental claims. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Sustainability Balanced Scorecard – linking sustainability management to business strategy
Authors: Figge Frank , Hahn Tobias , Schaltegger Stefan , Wagner Marcus 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Balanced Scorecard of Kaplan and Norton is a management tool that supports the successful implementation of corporate strategies. It has been discussed and considered widely in both practice and research. By linking operational and non‐financial corporate activities with causal chains to the firm's long‐term strategy, the Balanced Scorecard supports the alignment and management of all corporate activities according to their strategic relevance. The Balanced Scorecard makes it possible to take into account non‐monetary strategic success factors that significantly impact the economic success of a business. The Balanced Scorecard is thus a promising starting‐point to also incorporate environmental and social aspects into the main management system of a firm. Sustainability management with the Balanced Scorecard helps to overcome the shortcomings of conventional approaches to environmental and social management systems by integrating the three pillars of sustainability into a single and overarching strategic management tool. After a brief discussion of the different possible forms of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard the article takes a closer look at the process and steps of formulating a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard for a business unit. Before doing so, the basic conventional approach of the Balanced Scorecard and its suitability for sustainability management will be outlined in brief. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Processes of appraisal and coping in the development and maintenance of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Authors: Ussher Jane M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article examines the role of appraisal and coping strategies in relation to women's subjective negotiation of premenstrual changes, drawing on a series of narrative interviews conducted with women who met diagnostic criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The major themes that emerged from the interviews were: the PMDD sufferer as split; over‐responsibility is linked to PMDD; PMDD = lack of control; methods of coping; attributions for symptoms; and PMDD as a relational issue. This article draws on each of these narrative themes, in order to illustrate three interrelated psychological processes of appraisal and coping central to the development and maintenance of ‘PMDD’ or ‘PMS’ (Premenstrual Syndrome). The first process is awareness of changes in psychological or physical experiences, ability to cope, or reactivity to others, premenstrually. The second process involves expectations and perceptions of premenstrual changes. The third is women's response and ways of coping. This study thus stands in contrast to research positioned within a positivist epistemological framework, where PMDD is viewed as a fixed entity; and women's subjective experience of premenstrual changes, is marginalized or negated. It is argued that premenstrual changes evolve in the context of an ongoing interaction between internal experiences, perceptions, reactions, relationships, and cultural expectations, that differ between women, across menstrual cycles, and can shift within a specific cycle: described as a material‐discursive‐intrapsychic interaction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonneutropenic febrile episodes associated with docetaxel‐based chemotherapy in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Souglakos John , Kotsakis Athanaslos , Kouroussis Charalambos , Kakolyris Stylianos , Mavroudis Dimitrios , Kalbakis Konstadinos , Agelaki Sofia , Vlachonikolis John , Georgoulias Vassilis , Samonis George 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDocetaxel is associated with severe lymphopenia and increased incidence of nonneutropenic infection. This study investigated the incidence of nonneutropenic infections and/or febrile episodes in patients with solid tumors receiving frontline docetaxel‐based chemotherapy.METHODSChemotherapy‐naive patients with solid tumors treated with docetaxel‐based chemotherapy were studied prospectively for the development of nonneutropenic infections.RESULTSDuring a 2‐year period, 680 cancer patients enrolled in 24 protocols received 2867 cycles of docetaxel‐containing chemotherapy. Fifty‐three patients (7.8%) developed nonneutropenic infections and/or febrile episodes. The most common of these were pulmonary infections (n = 25), Pneumocystis carinii interstitial pneumonias (n = 5), and candidal (n =11), herpetic (n =4), and cytomegaloviral (n =3) infections. Thirty‐six patients (68%) had severe lymphopenia (< 900 cells per deciliter) and 49 (92%) had less than 400 CD4+ cells per deciliter. Patients with a low CD4+ cell count (≤ 200 cells per deciliter) had a significantly higher probability to develop opportunistic than common infections (P = 0.002). The incidence of nonneutropenic infections and/or febrile episodes was significantly higher in patients treated with docetaxel/gemcitabine (18.3%; P = 0.0001) and docetaxel/CDDP (11.7%; P = 0.012) than in those treated with docetaxel alone (3.6%). Conversely, 175 patients who received 752 cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel‐containing regimens and 410 patients who received 2174 cycles with nontaxane‐based regimens developed 6 (3.4%; p=0.042) and 12 (3%; p=0.001) nonneutropenic infections, respectively. Less than 10% of the patients of the two latter groups were lymphopenic. The risk of nonneutropenic infection in patients receiving docetaxel‐based chemotherapy was 2.38 and 2.8 times higher than in patients receiving paclitaxel and nontaxane‐based chemotherapy, respectively.CONCLUSIONSPatients treated with docetaxel‐based chemotherapy are at increased risk of developing nonneutropenic infections. This may be related, at least partly, to severe postchemotherapy CD4+ lymphopenia. Cancer 2002;95:1326–33. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10802
Prospective randomized study of four novel chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Greco F. Anthony , Gray James R. , Thompson Dana S. , Burris Howard A. , Erland Joan B. , Barton John H. , Litchy Sharlene , Houston Gerry A. , Butts James A. , Webb Charles , Scott Charles , Hainsworth John D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors compared the toxicity, response rate, and progression free survival of four chemotherapy regimens for patients with advanced (Stage IIIB and IV) nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.METHODSA total of 267 patients entered this randomized Phase II trial on one of four arms: paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine (Arm A); paclitaxel, carboplatin, and vinorelbine (Arm B); paclitaxel and gemcitabine (Arm C); and gemcitabine and vinorelbine (Arm D). Patient characteristics were similar in all treatment arms. At the time of tumor progression, patients were removed from study and were treated at the discretion of their physician.RESULTSPatients received a median of four courses of chemotherapy in all arms, and there was no difference in the dose delivered. There were no statistical differences in response rates (range, 32–45%), median progression free survival (range, 4.9–6.6 months), or progression free survival at 1 year (range, 8–19%). Actuarial survival in all four arms was not different, with a median survival ranging from 8.7 months to 10.7 months and a 1‐year survival rate of 38–44%. Each arm was compared with a historic control with a median survival of 8 months. Arm D (gemcitabine and vinorelbine) approached significance at the 0.05 level.CONCLUSIONSTwo‐drug combinations containing the newer drugs without a platinum drug were less toxic than three‐drug, platinum‐based regimens. There were no significant differences in objective response rates or progression free survival when the four regimens were compared. The two‐drug combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine was the least toxic and, thus, may be superior. A Phase III trial comparing combined gemcitabine and vinorelbine with combined paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine is ongoing. Cancer 2002;95:1279–85. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10810
Pretreatment cognitive performance predicts survival in patients with leptomeningeal disease
Authors: Sherman Audrey M. , Jaeckle Kurt , Meyers Christina A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeptomeningeal disease (LMD) involves the spread of malignant cells from solid tumors to the cerebrospinal fluid or to the leptomeninges. LMD has a very poor prognosis and it is difficult to diagnose and follow with traditional diagnostic tools. The purposes of this study were to characterize cognitive functioning of LMD patients before treatment and to determine if measurement of cognitive functioning could be used to predict survival time.METHODSThirty‐seven subjects with LMD were administered the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) before they received treatment and statistical analyses were performed.RESULTSThe Conceptualization subtest of the DRS was the most sensitive to disease course. It was the only individual subtest to predict survival and it was the most impaired subtest across individual subjects. These results support earlier findings of a frontal‐subcortical pattern of dysfunction in LMD patients. Cognitive performance at time of LMD diagnosis predicts survival time. Age and clinical status, two factors often correlated with survival in the cancer literature, did not predict survival time for our LMD population. In addition, there were no correlations between survival time and previous medical history or demographic factors.CONCLUSIONSNeuropsychological assessment appears to be a valuable tool both for tracking disease course over time and for predicting survival of patients. Cancer 2002;95:1311–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10816
Expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase in benign and malignant lesions of the breast and measurement of nitric oxide using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Loibl Sibylle , von Minckwitz Gunter , Weber Sonja , Sinn Hans‐Peter , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B. , Lobysheva Irina , Nepveu Françoise , Wolf Georg , Strebhardt Klaus , Kaufmann Manfred 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitric oxide (NO) is present in various human solid tumors and tumor cell lines, and it is believed that NO plays an important role in tumor growth. An increased NO concentration catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS) is cytotoxic and can promote apoptosis. The expression of endothelial NOS (e‐NOS) and induced NOS (i‐NOS) was examined in various breast tumors.METHODSImmunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody (Ab) against e‐NOS and a polyclonal Ab against i‐NOS was performed on paraffin embedded tissues from 41 benign breast lesions, 9 in situ breast lesions, and 54 invasive breast lesions. Functionality was confirmed by detection of NO using spin‐trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.RESULTSe‐NOS expression was found in 2 benign lesions (5%; 1 fibroadenoma and 1 proliferative mastopathy), in 5 in situ lesions (56%), and in 33 invasive lesions (61%). None of the benign lesions was positive for i‐NOS, but 6 in situ lesions (67%) and 33 invasive lesions (61%) showed tumor cell staining. In particular, capillaries that were embedded in lymphocytic stroma showed a positive reaction for e‐NOS. The functionality of NOS was demonstrated by direct NO formation using the EPR spin‐trapping method. Tumors that were positive for e‐NOS were observed more often in younger patients (P = 0.05). These tumors more frequently were highly differentiated or moderately differentiated and more often showed invasive ductal subtypes and a lower proliferation rate. Tumors that were positive for both e‐NOS and i‐NOS were more likely to be lymph node negative tumors. Both i‐NOS‐expressing lesions and e‐NOS‐expressing lesions showed strong coexpression (P = 0.00001).CONCLUSIONSNOS is detected predominantly in in situ lesions and invasive breast lesions but rarely in benign lesions. NOS is found more frequently in invasive carcinomas with low malignancy. Using the spin‐trapping EPR method, this study demonstrates direct NO formation in human breast tumors for the first time. Cancer 2002;95:1191–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10817
Tissue microarray analysis of cytoskeletal actin‐associated biomarkers gelsolin and E‐cadherin in urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Rao JianYu , Seligson David , Visapaa Harri , Horvath Steve , Eeva Mervi , Michel Kia , Pantuck Allan , Belldegrun Arie , Palotie Aarno 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlterations of expression of the cytoskeletal proteins Gelsolin and E‐cadherin have been implicated in urothelial carcinoma tumorigenesis. However, it is not clear how these altered expressions associate with tumor progression, nor is it clear how these protein markers provide prognostic value for urothelial carcinomas.METHODSPrimary urothelial carcinoma tissue microarrays were constructed for 146 patients with urothelial carcinoma. Where available, four replicate tissue samples of invasive tumor, adjacent dysplastic and in situ lesions, and benign tumors were arrayed for each case, resulting in a total of 1208 tissue spots. Immunohistochemical staining for Gelsolin, E‐cadherin, p53, and Ki67 (MIB‐1) was performed on the arrays. For each marker, the maximum staining intensity (Max), the percentage of positive staining (Pos), and the product of both Max and Pos (MaxPos) were analyzed.RESULTSCompared with the benign fields, the expression of both cytoskeletal proteins decreased in premalignant and malignant lesions. For Gelsolin, decreased MaxPos was seen in premalignant and preinvasive lesions. However, with an increase in tumor grade and stage, there was a gradual increase in Gelsolin (P < 0.05 for both). E‐cadherin expression decreases mainly in high‐grade lesions (carcinoma in situ and Grade 3 tumors). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that Gelsolin Max was a strong independent predictor for the probability of tumor recurrence and for early tumor recurrence in high‐grade or high‐stage tumors, as well as a strong indicator for tumor progression.CONCLUSIONSGelsolin and E‐cadherin have distinctive expression patterns. Gelsolin, but not E‐cadherin, provides independent prognostic information for high‐grade urothelial carcinomas. Cancer 2002;95:1247–57. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10823