bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of early prenatal food supplementation and multiple micronutrients on under‐five survival, linear growth, metabolic markers and blood pressure up to 10 years of age. The MINIMat trial in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Persson Lars Åke , El Arifeen Shams , Khan Ashraful , Rahman Anisur , Ekström Eva‐Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Nutritional deficiencies in early life may have severe short‐ and long‐term consequences. Enhanced prenatal nutrition including macro‐ and micronutrient alternatives may prevent some of these unfavorable outcomes.In the MINIMat prenatal nutrition trial in Bangladesh (ISRCTN16581394) 4436 pregnant women were randomized into 6 equally sized groups; a double‐masked supplementation with either 30 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid, or 60 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid, or a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) containing a daily allowance of 15 micronutrients including 30 mg Fe and folic acid starting at around 14 weeks, was combined with a randomized early invitation (from around 9 weeks) or a usual invitation to start (from around 20 weeks) food supplementation (608 Kcal 6 days per week).These women had a median height of 150 cm, and 28% had a body mass index below 18.5. Among the 3625 live births the early timing of prenatal food supplementation combined with multiple micronutrients (vs. usual timing and 60 mg Fe‐folic acid) significantly reduced the under‐five mortality (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.18–0.65). The early invitation to prenatal food supplementation resulted in less stunting 0–5 years (4.5 percent units), while prenatal multiple micronutrients was linked to more stunting (4.8 percent units) as well as to lower IGF‐1 levels. The early timing of prenatal food supplementation resulted in significantly lower cholesterol, LDL and ApoB levels at 4.5 years of age. Supplementation with MMS was associated with lower HDL and lower glucose levels. The higher dose of prenatal iron supplementation (60 mg) as compared to 30 mg iron or MMS was associated with significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 10 years of age with effect sizes around 0.25 SD. The early invitation to food supplementation ameliorated that unfavourable effect. These prenatal nutrition interventions resulted in major improvement in child survival and effects on linear growth, metabolic markers and blood pressure. The combination of micronutrients with improved macronutrient nutrition in early pregnancy seems to be important in a population, where maternal undernutrition still is prevalent. These findings underline the need to analyze multiple and long‐term outcomes of prenatal nutrition interventions and to identify favorable as well as unfavorable effects in order to inform policy formation.Support or Funding InformationThe 4.5 and 10‐year follow‐up was funded by Swedish Research Council
A Nutrition Education Intervention Affects the Diet‐Health Related Practices and Nutritional Status of Mothers and Children in a Pulse‐growing Community in Halaba, south Ethiopia
Authors: Ersino Getahun , Henry Carol J , Zello Gordon A 
Published: November 2023

A six‐month nutrition education intervention on pulse and other food consumption was conducted in mothers of children under‐5 in the pulse‐growing region of Halaba, south Ethiopia. The intervention incorporated the health belief model, on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP), and objective measures included dietary diversity scores (DDS), dietary intakes and nutritional status. Between March 2013–April 2014, 200 mother‐child pairs, randomly selected from each of two purposively selected communities participated in an intervention‐control study. A six‐month nutrition education program, involving interactive monthly community meetings and home‐visits, was offered to one of the communities and the other served as a control. Demographics, KAP, food perceptions, DDS, dietary and anthropometric information were collected at baseline and endline. Focus group discussions (FGD) with local farmers also occurred. Significant improvements in the intervention group were found from baseline to endline for the following outcome variables: KAP and perceptions of pulse nutrition benefits among mothers; DDS and pulse and animal source food consumption indexes for both mothers and children; and mean body‐mass index‐for‐age (BMI‐for‐age) z‐score and wasting among children. Farmers in the FDG also expressed improved intention to produce and retain more pulses for home consumption. No such changes were found in the control community. Community‐based nutrition education interventions involving monthly interactive community meetings and home‐visits in traditional pulse‐growing communities could be effective in improving mothers' knowledge of pulse nutrition and consumption frequency. Such interventions can lead to increasing DDS in mothers and their children, and decreasing underweight and wasting among children in rural Ethiopia.Support or Funding InformationThe research was supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Global Affairs Canada, Government of Canada, through the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund (CIFSRF)
Effects of Preconceptional Weekly Micronutrient Supplements on Maternal and Child Anemia during the First 2 Years of Life
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Young Melissa , Gonzalez‐Casanova Ines , Truong Truong Viet , Nguyen Son , Martorell Reynaldo , Ramakrishnan Usha 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAnemia remains a major public health problem especially during the first 1000 days of life. Prenatal supplementation with multiple micronutrients (MM) and iron and folic acid (IFA) has been suggested as a potential intervention to reduce anemia in young children but little is known about the benefits of preconception micronutrient interventions. This study evaluates the impact of preconception weekly MM or IFA supplementation on maternal and child anemia during the first 2 years of age compared to folic acid (FA) alone.MethodsWe followed 1,599 offspring born to women who participated in a randomized controlled trial of preconception micronutrient supplementation in Vietnam. A total of 5011 women (18–40 y) received weekly supplements containing either 2800μg FA only, 60mg iron and 2800μg FA, or 15 micronutrients including the same amount of IFA, from baseline until conception; followed by daily prenatal supplements containing 60mg iron and 400μg FA till delivery. Hemoglobin concentrations were measured at different time points (3, 6, 12 and 24 months postpartum) using a portable field B‐Hemoglobin Analyzer. Anemia was defined as Hb value <12 g/dL and < 11 g/dL for women and children, respectively. We used ANOVA or chi‐square tests to examine group differences for both intention to treat and per protocol analyses (women consumed supplements ≥26 weeks before conception). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with child anemia at age 2 y.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia ranged from 30–40% among women during the post‐partum period and decreased from 61.4% to 41.6% among the offspring from age 3 to 24 mo. (n=1476). The groups were similar for baseline maternal and offspring characteristics at birth and there were no significant differences (p>0.05) by intervention group in mean hemoglobin concentrations or the prevalence of maternal and child anemia at various time points during the first 2 years of life in both intent‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analysis. Preconception anemia however remained a significant predictor of the risk of offspring anemia at 24 mo of age (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.44 – 2.48) even after adjusting for maternal education, socioeconomic status and ethnicity.ConclusionsWeekly supplementation with MM or IFA before conception did not affect the risk of anemia compared to FA in rural Vietnamese women and their offspring at age 2y. Preconception anemia however remained a significant predictor of offspring anemia at age 2y even after adjusting for other known determinants.The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov as NCT01665378Support or Funding InformationMathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition, the Micronutrient Initiative, and the Nestle Foundation
Time‐of‐day Macronutrient Intake and Blood Pressure Levels: The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan
Authors: CHEN HSIN‐JEN , Pan Wen‐Harn 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the association between the time of macronutrient intake and blood pressure levels based on the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT, 2005–2008).MethodsThe NAHSIT used a clustered stratified multistage sampling scheme to derive a representative sample of the non‐institutionalized and non‐pregnant population in Taiwan. For this cross‐sectional study, adult subjects (>19 y) who completed a 24‐hour dietary recall and had total energy intake ranged within 1500–4000 kcal, completed interview and physical examinations, and did not have diabetes, stroke or heart diseases, were included for this study. Time of energy intake were categorized into 6 intervals of a day: Morning (5:00–9:29am), late morning (9:30–10:59am), noon (11:00am–1:29pm), afternoon (1:30–5:29pm), evening (5:30–8:29pm), late night (8:30pm–4:59am). The self‐reported food intakes during these intervals were converted to energy and macronutrients based on food composition data. Blood pressures were measured three times with standard protocol. Linear regression models were applied to estimate the differences in blood pressure associated with the replacement of macronutrient intake at different time of a day, adjusting for age, sex, menopausal status, body mass index, status of taking anti‐hypertensive medications, awareness of hypertension status, the week day and the season of the dietary recall, and physical examination. The sampling weight and design effect were taken account for statistical estimation by SUDAAN 11.ResultsAccording to 1165 eligible participants' data, the results showed that a higher systolic blood pressure was associated with the late night fat intake (+2.4 mmHg, 95% CI:1.4–3.4, per 100 kcal fat intake). Replacing the fat intake at late night with fat intake in the earlier times of the day was associated with a lower systolic blood pressure by about 2 mmHg (per 100 kcal fat replacement). The association of diastolic blood pressure with time of macronutrient intake was similar to the findings for systolic blood pressure, despite lower statistical significance. Focusing on the late night eating, we found that replacing fat intake with carbohydrates was associated with a lower systolic blood pressure (−3.0 mmHg, 95% CI: −4.0,−2.0, per 100 kcal), which may cancel out the elevated blood pressure associated with fat intake at late night. We further excluded those who were aware of their hypertensive status (n=975 left), the patterns of association between time‐of‐day macronutrient intake and blood pressures were similar to the findings based on all eligible participants.ConclusionsFat intake at late night was associated with elevated blood pressures. Shifting the time of eating, especially fat intake, from late night to an earlier time of the day may prevent the elevated blood pressures associated with fat intake at late night.Support or Funding InformationTaiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 105‐2314‐B‐010‐012)
Phytanic acid in dairy products and risk of cancer: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Takata Yumie , Zhang Zhenzhen , Garzotto Mark , Kopp Ryan , Bobe Gerd , Shannon Jackilen 
Published: November 2023

Previous epidemiological studies of dairy and cancer risk reported inconsistent associations. Differences in abundance of bioactive components, such as metabolites from rumen microbiome, may explain the inconsistent associations. Among such rumen‐microbiome‐derived metabolites, this report focuses on phytanic acid, which is a 20‐carbon, methylated, branched‐chain fatty acid and a metabolite of plant‐based chlorophyll, and summarizes current evidence on its association with cancer risk through literature review and meta‐analysis. Phytanic acid has multiple functional properties linked to carcinogenesis from in vitro studies through peroxisomal function; mitochondrial function and oxidative stress; and cell signal transduction. Phytanic acid is converted in the peroxisomes to pristanic acid by multiple enzymes, including α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR). AMACR is overexpressed in tissues of various cancer sites, including prostate, colon, rectum, ovaries, breast, bladder, lung, and liver and in lymphoma tissues. In prostate cancer, AMACR expression is strongly linked to presence of the disease and hypothesized as a diagnostic marker. In addition, phytanic and pristanic acids are retinoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) agonists and thereby can alter cell proliferation and apoptosis. The association between phytanic acid and cancer risk has been examined in several epidemiological studies. Three studies examined the association between phytanic acid intake from foods or concentration in blood and risk of overall prostate cancer. When pooled, their results are summarized as no association [pooled odds ratio (OR) =1.04; 95% confidence intervals (CI)=0.90–1.17, comparing the highest category with the lowest]. Another study reported higher concentrations in cases than in controls (P‐difference=0.04). For risk of advanced prostate cancer, one of the three studies observed a positive association (OR=1.4; 95% CI=1.0–1.9). For non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma risk, only one study examined the association with phytanic acid intake and reported a positive association (OR=1.5; 95% CI=1.0–2.1). None of the previous epidemiological studies examined factors that are potentially involved in the association between phytanic acid and cancer risk such as AMACR and PPARs, which we propose for future studies. In addition, we propose to extend to other fatty acids that are unique to dairy fats such as short‐ and medium‐chain fatty acids.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Oregon Health & Science University/Oregon State University Cancer Prevention and Control Initiative (PHR030‐PV07; Lead‐PI: Y Takata).
Food Insecurity and Food Behaviors of Male Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Poll Kacie , Valliant Melinda , Joung Hyun‐Woo David , Holben David H 
Published: November 2023

Collegiate athletes may have experienced food insecurity (FI), lacking access to food for an active healthy life, during high school (HS), which may negatively impact food acquisition and habits in college.PURPOSETo assess the relationship of HS food security status (FSS) to current food consumption behaviors in a sample of NCAA Division 1 male, collegiate athletes ≥18 years of age (y).METHODSA cross‐sectional survey of NCAA athletes from a Southeastern Conference (SEC) university was approved by the Institutional Review Board and conducted during August–September, 2016. The questionnaire included the USDA food security survey module and questions related to disordered eating behaviors and food hoarding. USDA methods were used to calculate FSS.RESULTSParticipating athletes (n=93) were 19.7±1.4 y and primarily white, football players [Race: white (n=45, 48.4%); black (n=38, 40.9%); other (n=10, 10.9%)] [Sport: football (n=65, 69.9%); baseball (n=20, 21.4%); cross country/track (n=5, 5.4%); golf (n=3, 3.2%)] [HSFSS: high food security (n=73, 80.2%); marginal food security (n=4, 4.4%); low food security (n=7.7, 8%); very low food security (n=7.7, 8%). HSFSS was significantly correlated with preoccupation with food in college (taub = 0.273, P=.006) and hiding food in their athletics locker (taub=0.207, P=.048), but not with binge eating in college (taub=0.140, P=0.181).CONCLUSIONHSFSS is associated with food hoarding and preoccupation with food in male collegiate athletes. Screening for FI and disordered behaviors in this group is warranted. Future research in a larger sample across several institutions that includes females is warranted.Support or Funding InformationUniversity of Mississippi Graduate School, Summer Research Assistantship, University, MS.
Social Determinants of Food insecurity in the Arab Region: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sheikomar Olfat Bakur , Wambogo Edwina , Sahyoun Nadine R. , Ghattas Hala 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSome countries of the League of Arab States (LAS) are exposed to urbanization, high unemployment, food price volatility, and conflicts predisposing their populations to poverty, food insecurity (FI) and malnutrition. Limited data are available on food insecurity experience in these countries, particularly, of older adults. This study estimates the prevalence and determinants of FI in countries of LAS.MethodsWe used data from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, Voices of the Hungry Project (FAO‐VOH), on food insecurity, assessed using the 8‐item Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) collected by the Gallup World Poll for 19 Arab countries for the years 2014 and 2015. The sample included 32,146 adults; 80.3% were 19–49 years old, of which 53.7% were men, and 19.7% were 50 years and above, of which 56.6% men. Food security thresholds were determined using Rasch modeling and participants were classified as food secure/moderately insecure (FSMI) and severely FI (SFI). Prevalence of SFI was estimated by age group, gender, and Human Development Index (HDI) categories.ResultsThe overall prevalence of SFI and FSMI were 14.1% and 85.9%, respectively. There was a higher prevalence of SFI among women than men (15.8% and 12.7% respectively, p‐value <.0001), however this was reversed in high‐HDI countries where men were at higher risk of SFI than women (P <.0001). There were no significant differences in SFI prevalence by age group. Of the total population, SFI was prevalent in 21.1% of adults from low‐HDI countries and 7.1% from high‐HDI countries (P <.0001). Additionally, overall, SFI was more prevalent among adults living in rural areas, with lower educational attainment, who are poorer, and dissatisfied with their health care access compared to FSMI individuals.ConclusionThe relationship between food security and gender is complex and needs to be further investigated. As expected, SFI is more prevalent in countries of lower human development and among vulnerable segments of the population. It is essential to understand the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of FI in this population in order to develop interventions that target the most vulnerable populations in LAS countries.
Haemodialysis, Risk of Food Insecurity, and Dietary Behaviours in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Nichols Selby , Prout Patrice 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe treatment of chronic kidney disease requires those afflicted to pay attention to diet. In many cases, they are asked to restrict the intakes, of sodium, potassium and proteins. These have implications for food and nutrition insecurity. In this study, we evaluated dietary intake patterns and risk of food insecurity among persons on haemodialysis.MethodsA case‐control design was used in this study. Cases consisted of persons currently requiring weekly haemodialysis. Controls consisted of persons being treated for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted on participants from September 1st–October 31st, 2016 using a standardized questionnaire consisting of dietary intake, and a food security items (U.S. Household Food Security Survey 18‐item questionnaire). The latter was used to calculate a food insecurity score.Results390 persons (cases = 130, controls DM =130, HTN=130) participated in the study. Persons on haemodialysis consumed significantly lower amounts of fruit (p<0.001), vegetables (p<0.001), legumes (p<0.001) and staples (p<0.001) but not meat, dairy and eggs than participants who not on haemodialysis. They had significantly higher food insecurity scores than controls (p<0.001). Persons on haemodialysis were significantly more likely to be at risk for food insecurity (odds ratio (OR) = 5.0, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.1, 8.1) that participants who were not on haemodialysis. Food security score was inversely associated with nutrition risk scores in cases (r = −0.19; p = 0.03) and controls (r = −0.22; p <0.001)ConclusionAmong participants, persons on haemodialysis were at increased risk for nutrient deficiency. They were also at higher risk for food insecurity. This may have implications for the overall management of persons on haemodialysis.Support or Funding Informationnone
Pancreas Development and Nutrient Uptake and Utilization Are Disrupted by Embryonic Exposures to the Environmental Toxicant Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid in the Zebrafish
Authors: Sant Karilyn E , Jacobs Haydee M , Borofski Katrina A , Chen Phoebe , Park Yeonhwa , Timme‐Laragy Alicia R 
Published: November 2023

Several persistent and ubiquitous environmental toxicants have been categorized as diabetogens or obesogens due to their numerous associations with these conditions in adult humans. These compounds often produce deleterious effects in the pancreas, which secretes glucoregulatory hormones and proteases and lipases essential for digestion. Compounds such as the surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) have been detected in biological samples from nearly 100% of the population, and are associated with increased risk for diabetes in adults. However, the developmental consequences of these exposures which may contribute to these adult phenotypes require elucidation. We hypothesized that embryonic exposures to PFOS would alter pancreas development and disrupt embryonic nutrition processes associated with pancreas function. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 16 or 32 μM PFOS or 0.01% DMSO (control) throughout embryonic development (3–96 hpf). Transgenic embryos from Tg(insulin:GFP) and Tg(ptf1a:GFP) strains were imaged in vivo at 96 hpf to visualize endocrine and exocrine pancreatic development, respectively. Larval morphometry was examined to probe yolk utilization and fish growth. RNA was isolated to examine expression of genes central to pancreas function, and biochemical assays were performed to quantify total embryonic nutrient concentrations. Beta cell mass and insulin gene expression were both decreased concordantly with increasing PFOS exposure at 96 hpf. Total pancreas length and expression of protease genes were also decreased by PFOS exposure. The rate of yolk utilization was increased by 6–10% due to 16 and 32 μM PFOS, respectively, suggesting increased embryonic uptake of total yolk nutrients. However, total embryonic concentrations of the bulk yolk nutrients cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were decreased with increasing PFOS concentrations. These PFOS‐exposed larvae were also shorter than control fish at 7 dpf. Free fatty acid profiles also differed between control and PFOS‐exposed embryos. Total embryonic concentrations of several saturated free fatty acids such as stearic acid were increased by treatment, while concentrations of beneficial unsaturated free fatty acids such as α‐linolenic acid were decreased by treatment. Overall, this work demonstrates that embryonic toxicant exposures can perturb pancreas development, and can alter the uptake and processing of yolk nutrients during development.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (R01 ES025748 to ART‐L), and a University of Massachusetts Amherst Commonwealth Honors College Research grant (to KAB.).