bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression during normal lymphoid differentiation and malignant transformation
Authors: Bellan Cristiana , De Falco Giulia , Lazzi Stefano , Micheli Pietro , Vicidomini Sonia , Schürfeld Karin , Amato Teresa , Palumbo Annalisa , Bagella Luigi , Sabattini Elena , Bartolommei Sabrina , Hummel Michael , Pileri Stefano , Tosi Piero , Leoncini Lorenzo , Giordano Antonio 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCDK9 is a member of the CDC2‐like family of kinases. Its cyclin partners are members of the CYCLIN T family (T1, T2a, and T2b) and CYCLIN K. The CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex is very important in the differentiation programme of several cell types, controlling specific differentiation pathways. Limited data are available regarding the expression of CDK9/CYCLIN T1 in haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex in lymphoid tissue, in order to assess its role in B‐ and T‐cell differentiation and lymphomagenesis. CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression was found by immunohistochemistry in precursor B and T cells. In peripheral lymphoid tissues, germinal centre cells and scattered B‐ and T‐cell blasts in interfollicular areas expressed CDK9/CYCLIN T1, while mantle cells, plasma cells, and small resting T‐lymphocytes displayed no expression of either molecule. CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression therefore appears to be related to particular stages of lymphoid differentiation/activation. CDK9 and CYCLIN T1 were highly expressed in lymphomas derived from precursor B and T cells, from germinal centre cells, such as follicular lymphomas, and from activated T cells (ie anaplastic large cell lymphomas). Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma also showed strong nuclear staining. Diffuse large B‐cell, Burkitt's lymphomas, and peripheral T‐cell lymphomas, among T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders, showed a wide range of values. No expression of CDK9 or CYCLIN T1 was detected in mantle cell and marginal zone lymphomas. However, at the mRNA level, an imbalance in the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 ratio was found in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas with germinal centre phenotype, and in the cell lines of classical Hodgkin's lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, in comparison with reactive lymph nodes. These results suggest that the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex may affect the activation and differentiation programme of lymphoid cells. The molecular mechanism through which the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex is altered in malignant transformation needs to be elucidated. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The developmentally regulated neural crest‐associated glycotope HNK‐1 predicts metastasis in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Thies Anka , Schachner Melitta , Berger Jürgen , Moll Ingrid , Schulze Hans‐Joachim , Brunner Georg , Schumacher Udo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAberrant glycosylation is a common feature of metastatic sub‐clones of malignant tumours and in uveal melanoma in particular, the HNK‐1 glycotope has been positively correlated with poor prognosis. So far, no such correlation has been investigated in cutaneous melanoma. In order to do so, HNK‐1 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 100 primary cutaneous melanomas and correlated with metastasis after up to 10‐years' follow‐up. Furthermore, HNK‐1 expression was analysed in metastatic deposits (19 distant cutaneous metastases and six sentinel lymph node metastases), as well as in benign nevi. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a positive association between HNK‐1 expression and metastasis (p < 0.005) and multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for the standard prognostic markers ulceration and vertical tumour thickness confirmed HNK‐1 expression as an independent prognostic marker. HNK‐1 expression was preserved in 42% of the distant cutaneous metastases, but metastatic cells in lymph nodes were devoid of HNK‐1 immunoreactivity. None of the benign pigmented lesions exhibited HNK‐1 immunoreactivity. Expression of the HNK‐1 glycotope in cutaneous malignant melanoma is an independent prognostic marker of metastasis. Differential HNK‐1 expression at the metastatic sites implies that its expression is modulated by the surrounding environment. As HNK‐1 is also transiently expressed during migration of melanocyte precursor cells derived from the neural crest, recapitulation of this transient expression might occur during metastatic spread of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneous immunophenotype and paucity of secondary genomic aberrations are distinctive features of endemic but not of sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with MYC rearrangement
Authors: Barth Thomas FE , Müller Silja , Pawlita Michael , Siebert Reiner , Rother Josef U , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Kitinya James , Bentz Martin , Möller Peter 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe present study has compared immunohistological marker expression profiles and genomic imbalances in seven African endemic Burkitt's lymphomas (eBLs) with those in ten European B‐cell lymphomas with MYC rearrangement as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. eBLs showed a typical histomorphology and a homogeneous immuno‐profile: CD10+, CD38+, CD77+, bcl‐2–, and IgM+. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA was present in all cases. On comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), only three out of six eBLs showed imbalances (median number of imbalances = 2), with gains on chromosome 17 in two eBLs. The European lymphomas were all highly proliferating, with a Ki‐67 index of at least 90%, and included seven with morphology typical of sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma (sBL) and three immunoblastic diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas with MYC rearrangement (MYCre+DLBCL). In contrast to eBL, the immuno‐profiles of the European lymphomas were less homogeneous and inconsistent for CD10, CD38, CD77, IgM and bcl‐2 expression. EBV DNA was not detected. In five of seven sBLs, CGH showed a higher number of imbalances (median = 6), with recurrent gains on chromosome 1q (3/7) and losses on 12q and 17p (2/7), whereas all three MYCre+DLBCLs had fewer imbalances (median = 4), with gains on 17q in two of three lymphomas. It is concluded that eBL has a homogeneous immunohistology and few secondary genomic aberrations, whereas MYC‐rearranged and highly proliferating European B‐cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group that includes sBL and a subgroup of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and cellular basis of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention: the intertwining roles of platelets, leukocytes, and the coagulation–fibrinolysis system
Authors: Lee Michael S , David Eric M , Makkar Raj R , Wilentz James R 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe major limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is restenosis. Restenosis is considered to be an overreaction of the natural healing process after traumatic balloon dilatation. An elaborate web of cellular and molecular responses, including the interaction of platelets, leukocytes, and the coagulation–fibrinolysis system, as well as the secretion of various growth factors and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, contributes to neointimal hyperplasia and the development of restenosis. Moreover, platelet and neutrophil activation after stenting appears to be different from that after balloon angioplasty alone. Pharmacotherapy targeting the cell‐to‐cell interaction between platelets and neutrophils may potentially offer an effective treatment strategy against restenosis after PCI. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase D immunoreactivity is present in islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Larson DM , Kennedy MA , Bowen RF , Verchere CB , Deeg MA 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNumerous apolipoproteins associate with amyloid plaques. A minor high‐density lipoprotein‐associated protein, glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase D (GPI‐PLD), has recently been described by the authors and others. Since GPI‐PLD is synthesized by, and secreted from, pancreatic islet β cells, the present study examined the hypothesis that GPI‐PLD associates with islet amyloid. GPI‐PLD immunoreactivity was examined in pancreatic tissues from type 2 diabetic and non‐diabetic humans. GPI‐PLD binding to heparan sulphate proteoglycan was determined in the absence or presence of heparan sulphate or heparin. Fibril formation from human islet amyloid polypeptide was determined in the absence or presence of GPI‐PLD. In non‐diabetics, GPI‐PLD immunoreactivity was present and co‐localized with insulin, as opposed to co‐localizing with amyloid in diabetics. No immunoreactivity for apolipoprotein A‐I was present in islet cells or islet amyloid. Heparan sulphate proteoglycan, which is commonly present in most amyloid, bound GPI‐PLD in vitro. GPI‐PLD inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils from synthetic islet amyloid polypeptide in vitro. GPI‐PLD is therefore present in islet amyloid and appears to derive from local production from islets. This localization likely derives from interaction between GPI‐PLD and heparan sulphate proteoglycan. Since GPI‐PLD also inhibited islet amyloid polypeptide fibril formation in vitro, it is concluded that GPI‐PLD may play a role in islet amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue pathology in undergraduate medical education: atrophy or evolution?
Authors: Mattick Karen , Marshall Rob , Bligh John 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChanges are occurring in undergraduate medical curricula and there is limited published information about how contemporary tissue pathology is taught. The aim of this study was to collect information on this topic and to invite expert opinion about best teaching practice. A postal questionnaire survey of medical schools in the UK was performed, with a response rate of 23/28 schools (82%). The two most striking findings were the variation in teaching and learning strategies between schools and the spirit of the respondents, some relishing the challenges associated with reorganization and some thoroughly demoralized. The main concerns about pathology teaching were a feeling of lack of ownership of the content taught, an overall lack of visibility of tissue pathology in teaching and assessment, and staff shortages. Respondents valued the autopsy as an educational tool but were finding it increasingly difficult to provide. On the other hand, key opportunities for pathology teaching were highlighted through the questionnaire. The potential for developments in information technology and the possibility of creating national forums to develop core curricula and generate e‐resources was recognized. The findings of this study will provide a milestone against which future change in pathology education can be measured. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonic studies on the phase transition from the dilute‐good to the theta regimes in polymer solution
Authors: Ikeda Hiroaki , Higashi Minemasa 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe phase transition from the dilute‐good solvent (I) to the theta (I′) regimes, which does not exist in the earlier phase diagram presented by Flory and has not been detected by common methods such as intrinsic viscosity, was observed clearly by measurements of ultrasonic velocity in the MHz range. Furthermore, ultrasonic absorption measurements revealed that the thermal relaxation, due to local segmental motions, observed in phase I disappeared in phase I′. Ultrasonic methods allow us to ascertain the existence of a second‐order phase transition from phase I to phase I′ above the theta temperature in the phase diagram of polymer solutions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperature‐dependent fluorescence from pyrenyl‐modified polyethylene films. A comparison of attachment methods and morphology changes by irradiation with eV‐range photons and bombardment with MeV‐range positive ions
Authors: Brown Gerald O. , Atvars Teresa D. Z. , Guardala Noel A. , Price Jack L. , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract1‐Pyrenyl groups were attached covalently to three polyethylene (Py–PE) films with different crystallinities by irradiating (eV‐range photons–UV‐photons) or by bombarding (MeV‐range ions–protons and alpha particles) pyrene‐doped PE films (Py/PE). Onset temperatures of relaxation processes (Tx) of the Py–PE were approximated from (1) Arrhenius‐type plots of the normalized integrated intensities of the films and (2) the temperature dependence of the full‐width half‐maximum (FWHM) films and the position of the 0–0 fluorescence band. DSC thermograms of the native and irradiated or bombarded films were also compared to independently assess the morphological changes. The onset temperatures Tx in lower crystallinity Py–PE films were more difficult to locate when prepared by bombardment with high doses than with low doses of photons or ions or by irradiation. The ease of locating the Tx in higher crystallinity Py–PE films was independent of dose, suggesting little change in the mobility in the vicinity of pyrenyl probes. Fluorescence from Py–PE bombarded with alpha particles indicated the presence of both singly‐ and doubly‐attached pyrenyl groups. The singly‐attached pyrenyl groups were less sensitive than the doubly attached to the Tx. Py–PE films were more sensitive luminescence reporters of Tγ segmental motions than were 9‐anthryl groups covalently attached to the same polymers. We also discuss possible reasons why the values of the activation energies for the relaxation processes, as calculated from the Arrhenius plots, were much smaller than those based on the dynamic mechanical methods. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2957–2970, 2004
Angular dispersion of protons transmitted through thin gold films
Authors: Archubi C. , Denton C. , Eckardt J. C. , Lantschner G. H. , Lovey F. , Valdés J. , Parra C. , Zappa F. , Arista N. R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe angular distributions of protons travelling through thin polycrystalline gold targets (∼15 nm) with incident energies in the range of 4–10 keV have been measured. The results confirm previous experiments at higher energies showing deviations from theoretical predictions based on the standard multiple scattering theory. In order to prove that the effect of crystal structure is one of the main causes of these deviations we have performed numerical simulations. To simulate the polycrystalline structure in a realistic way, we have made an analysis of the target by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Including these characteristics in the simulation, together with the effect of vibrations and crystal disorder we analyzed the corresponding angular distribution. To evaluate the role of channeling, we also measured angular distributions of protons in a 〈100〉 gold foil and made the corresponding numerical simulations. The results show the critical influence of the target structure in the angular spectra of transmitted ions. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Grazing incidence collisions of fast protons with insulators: electron emission around the convoy peak
Authors: Aldazábal I. , Ponce V. H. , Arnau A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA general model to calculate electron spectra in grazing incidence ion‐surface collisions is presented. It is based on the use of atomic form factors for projectile ionization and incoherent scattering functions for the target. The model is applicable for arbitrary systems whose electrons can be described by localized atomic orbitals, like ionic crystals. For 100 keV protons on LiF surfaces we find that the projectile electron contribution to the convoy peak is larger than the contribution from target ionization. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton mixing and internal transitions of neutral magnetoexcitons in quantum wells
Authors: Duque C. A. , Barticevic Z. , Pacheco M. , Oliveira L. E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe present a theoretical investigation, in the effective‐mass approximation, of exciton mixing and 1s – 2p± internal transitions of neutral magnetoexcitons in GaAs–Ga1–xAlxAs quantum wells. Theoretical results are obtained by diagonalizing the Kohn–Luttinger Hamiltonian in the presence of an external magnetic field along the growth direction of the quantum well, with mixing of appropriate light‐ and heavy‐ hole exciton states taken into account. We first perform the exciton calculations in the diagonal approximation, and take the exciton‐envelope wave functions as linear combinations of products of hole and electron quantum‐well states with Gaussian functions. Effects of exciton mixing are then calculated within perturbation theory. Theoretical results for the exciton internal transitions from 1s‐like to 2p±‐like magnetoexciton states in GaAs–Ga1–xAlxAs quantum wells, with well widths of 80 Å, 100 Å, 125 Å, 150 Å and 200 Å, are found in overall agreement with optically detected resonance measurements. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geh‐ und Radwegbrücke über den Main‐Donau‐Kanal in Forchheim: Entwurf und Ausarbeitung des ausgeführten Sondervorschlags
Authors: Neuner Florian 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn den letzten drei Jahrzehnten wurden in Deutschland einige außergewöhnliche Fußgängerbrücken errichtet. Viele dieser Bauwerke zeichnen sich durch die gekonnte, häufig auch innovative Verwendung relativ “teurer” Komponenten wie z. B. aufwendige Seilwerke, Gußteile oder konische Rohre aus. Der Gebrauch derartiger Konstruktionselemente fand viele Nachahmer, wobei das Resultat nicht immer die damit verbundenen Kosten gerechtfertigt erscheinen läßt.In Zeiten wirtschaftlicher Bedrängnisse ist es deshalb ein wesentliches Anliegen dieses Aufsatzes, am Beispiel zu zeigen, wie auch mit knappsten Mitteln elegante, repräsentative und funktionale Fußgängerbrükken erbaut werden können.
Zur Berechnung von Gittermasten
Authors: Ziesing Dirk 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAls August Ritter vor mehr als 140 Jahren das nach ihm benannte Schnittverfahren entwickelte, konnte er nicht ahnen, daß selbst im Zeitalter des Computers weiterhin Fachwerksysteme auf dieser Basis berechnet werden. Gegenwärtig erfolgt auf breiter Front die computergestützte Einführung dreidimensionaler Berechnungen für Türme und Maste in Stahlgitterbauweise. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert einige Ansatzpunkte für die Diskussion der Ergebnisse, die mit den alternativen Verfahren ermittelt werden.
Structural damage assessment of building structures using dynamic experimental data
Authors: KIM HEUNG‐SIK , CHUN YOUNG‐SOO 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDetection of damage to structures has recently received considerable attention from the viewpoint of maintenance and safety assessment. In this respect, the vibration characteristics of buildings have been applied consistently to obtain a damage index of the whole building, but it has not been established as a practical method until now. It is reasoned that this is perhaps due to restrictions on the experiment, use of improper method, and lack of inspection opportunity for the structures. In addition, in the case of large‐scale structures such as buildings, many variables to be considered for the analysis contribute to a large number of degrees of freedom, and this can also be a considerable problem for the analysis. A practical method for the detection of structural damage using the first natural frequency and mode shape of building is proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical analysis and experimental tests. From the results, it is observed that the severity and location of the damage can be estimated with a relatively small error by using modal properties of building. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized use of the outrigger system to stiffen the coupled shear walls in tall buildings
Authors: ZEIDABADI NAVAB ASSADI , MIRTALAE KAMAL , MOBASHER BARZIN 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBased on the conventional yet accurate continuum approach, a general analysis is presented for a pair of coupled shear walls, stiffened by an outrigger and a heavy beam in an arbitrary position on the height. Subsequently, a parametric study is presented to investigate the behavior of the structure. The optimum location of the outrigger and the parameters affecting its position were also investigated. The results showed that the behavior of the structure can be significantly influenced by the location of the outrigger. It was also indicated that in most ordinary cases the best location of the structure to minimize top drift is somewhere between 0·4 to 0·6 of the height of the structure. Though this method is not a substitute for the finite element method, it gives an initial simple solution to determine the size and position of outrigger, stiffening beam and coupled shear walls in the preliminary design stages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy dissipation of tuned mass dampers during earthquake excitations
Authors: Wong K. K. F. , Chee Y. L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe effectiveness of energy‐dissipative tuned mass dampers (TMD) on structural dynamic responses have been studied extensively since its development in the 1970s. Its applications have recently been extended to the use of active multiple tuned mass dampers. However, the process of a damper in improving a structure's ability to dissipate the earthquake's input energy has never been investigated. In this research, the objective lies in studying the process of structural energy transfer and the ability for the structure to dissipate energy. Numerical simulations are performed to study the energy responses of structures with and without TMD installed. The effectiveness of TMD in reduction of energy responses is also studied by using energy spectra and in a case study of a six‐storey building. Results show that TMD is more effective in reducing the energy responses for structures with a moderate to long period of vibration than those for short period structures. In addition, TMD is very effective in reducing both the maximum kinetic energy and strain energy of the structure, while it is also effective in reducing the amount of damping energy that must be dissipated through the structure by providing an alternating route of damping energy dissipation through the TMD. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hysteretic energy response of steel moment‐resisting frames with vertical mass irregularities
Authors: Choi Byong Jeong 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDynamic analyses were carried out to study the seismic response of high‐rise steel moment‐resisting frames in 16‐storey buildings. The frames are intentionally designed using three different design procedures: strength‐controlled design, strong column–weak beam controlled design, and drift‐controlled design. The seismic performances of the so‐designed frames with vertical mass irregularities were discussed in view of drift ratio, plastic hinge rotation, hysteretic energy input and stress demand. A demand curve of hysteretic energy inputs was also presented with two earthquake levels in peak ground accelerations for a future design application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.