bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmasking Latent Dysnociception in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Sicuteri Federigo , Del Bene Enrico , Poggioni Marco , Bonazzi Antonio 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHeadache is the most common side effect of nitroglycerin, administered for angina pectoris. Two phases can be distinguished in nitroglycerin‐induced headache: the first phase (immediate headache), a mild sensation of temporal pulsating pain, can be due, at least in part, to the vasodilation provoked by nitroglycerin; the second phase (delayed headache), an increasing pain, possibly with nausea and vomiting, lasting even for a number of hours, is independent from the vasomotility, since it arises and persists when all vasomotor and metabolic nitroglycerin‐induced changes are over. The present investigation demonstrates that healthy subjects, neither suffering from idiopathic headache nor with a family headache history, never complain of delayed headache after nitroglycerin; healthy subjects not suffering from headache but who have one or both parents suffering from migraine, exhibit the delayed long‐lasting headache in 28.6% of cases; finally, 66.7% of their migrainous parents complain of the delayed long‐lasting headache after nitroglycerin. The following conclusions can be drawn: nitroglycerin‐induced delayed headache 1) is not a true side effect of nitroglycerin, since it is never present in healthy subjects; 2) is peculiar to migraine sufferers: or 3) is an index of migraine predisposition, as it may be present in healthy subjects, but only if they have one or two migrainous parents. The features of nitroglycerin‐induced delayed headache suggest an analogy with the phenomenon of overreaction, a painful and exaggerated response (in latency, intensity and duration) to a stimulus, that is the most typical aspect of central pain. In nitroglycerin‐induced delayed headache, which shows close similarities to the spontaneous attack of migraine, the trigger stimulus could be the moderate immediate headache which is probably correlated with the vasodilation provoked by nitroglycerin.
Trigger Factors in Migraine: a Study Conducted by the Belgian Migraine Society
Authors: Bergh Vic Van den , Amery Willem K. , Waelkens Jan 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISInformation on trigger factors provoking a migraine attack, was collected in 217 migraineurs (176 women, 41 men). In this selected group of patients, most patients were spontaneously aware of one or more trigger factors; 184 (85%) of the patients reported trigger factors with a median number of 3 different trigger factors. The main trigger factors were menstruation (48%) or ovulation (8.5%) in women, certain food (44.7%), alcoholic beverages (51.6%) and stress 148.8%). After excluding the menstrual cycle as a trigger factor, trigger factors were more frequent in women, in older patients and in patients with a longer duration of disease. Women with a menstrual cycle‐related migraine reported more trigger factors, other than the menstrual cycle itself, than women in whom the menstrual cycle had no influence on this migraine: this was especially so for food and beverages. The number and type of trigger factors in the women in whom the migraine was not menstrual cycle‐related, were fully comparable with those in men. Patients in whom alcohol acts as a trigger factor had also significantly more other trigger factors, especially food. The same holds true for patients reporting stress as a trigger factor, but the latter difference is not significant when the different subgroups of trigger factors (food, beverages, other)are considered. Certain trigger factors may be mutually related.
Sustained Headache Syndrome Associated with Tender Occipital Nerve Zones
Authors: Saadah Hanna A. , Taylor Fletcher B. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA sustained headache syndrome can develop from headaches of diverse etiologies. Over seven years,112 patients with such a syndrome received 188 sets of injections in the occipital nerve regions andtwo‐thirds had prolonged relief. In such headaches, interrupting the pain cycle with occipital injectionscontaining 1% lidocaine plus betamethasone may be a useful adjunct to other preventive and abortivemedical therapies.
Identification of Blood Leukotrienes in Classical Migraine
Authors: Gazzaniga P. P. , Ferroni R , Lenti L. , Lombardi D. , Mina C. , Pulcinelli F.M. , Rizzo P.A. , Pontieri G. M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn five patients affected by classical migraine a longitudinal study was performed, dealing with the in vitro parameters of platelet aggregation, during prodromal, attack, post‐attack and interval phases. These patterns were compared with the analysis of blood leukotrienes, carried out by use of analytical reversed phase HPLC. Presence of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) during prodromal and attack phases, corresponded to a transient inhibition of epinephrine‐induced aggregation. Recovery towards normal or increased values of platelet aggregation occurred during both post‐attack and interval phases, which were accompanied by the presence in blood of 5–12 di‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5–12 DHETE) and/or leukotriene B4 (LTB4) respectively, and by their subsequent metabolic breakdown products. Hypotheses on the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of migraine are discussed.
Further Examination of Headache in a College Student Population
Authors: Attanasio Virginia , Andrasik Frank 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe purpose of the present study was two‐fold. The first was to examine further the prevalence of headache in a college sample. The second was to evaluate the test/re‐test reliability of the questionnaire measure of prevalence and its concurrent validity (by comparing information collected on it to like measures collected by systematic, daily headache diary records). Headache was found to be a widespread phenomenon that was affecting at least 45% of all students once per week, and 35–45% of the students experienced headache severe enough to disrupt planned activities. Headaches experienced by females tended to be more frequent, more intense, and of longer duration. Individual questionnaire items overall evidenced high test/re‐test reliability over 1, 4, and 8 weeks, although responses to inquiries about location and nature of headache pain were varied. However, questionnaire estimates of frequency, duration, and intensity showed little correspondence to data obtained from diary records. In general, questionnaire measures appear to underestimate frequency and duration, while overestimating intensity, when compared to actual recordings of headache activity. Thus, when used in isolation, global questionnaire measures of headache do not appear to provide accurate information about the occurrence of the problem.
Coexistent Internal Ophthalmoplegia and Cluster Headache
Authors: Turkewitz L. Jay , Batti James A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe present a patient with insulin dependent diabetes who developed severe retroorbital pain and subsequent internal ophthalmoplegia. Resolution unveiled typical cluster headache. We suspect this previously unreported coexistence of cluster headache with a diabetic third nerve palsy was a chance occurrence. The possibility of combined sympathetic and parasympathetic pupillomotor dysfunction was considered. The diagnosis of cluster headache was delayed by the masking coexistent clinical features of the oculomotor palsy.
A Short‐term Trial of an Analogue of Eel‐calcitonin in Headache
Authors: Patti Francesco , Scapagnini Umberto , Nicoletti Francesco , Prato Agatina , Rapisarda Epifanio , Guarcello Vincenzo , Clementi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWe investigated the therapeutic efficacy of short‐term (Asu1,7 )eel‐calcitonin treatment in subjects affected by headache. All 47 patients were initially treated for 20 days intramuscularly with vehicle alone (basal values). Subsequently, they received for another 10 days a daily injection of (Asu1,7 )eel calcitonin (40 I.U. per day i.m.). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in terms of changes in frequency, intensity and duration of the migraine attacks, and pain intensity and duration of daily chronic headache. The levels of plasma calcitonin, before, during and at the end of the therapy were evaluated. The clinical results show a significant difference between the observation period (vehicle alone) and the treatment phase with a significant improvement due to (Asu1,7 )eel‐calcitonin treatment. In 32 patients plasma calcitonin levels were significantly modified after five days of treatment. Plasma calcium values showed no significant change.
Investigation of Some Biological Trait Markers in Migraine: Deuterated Tyramine Challenge Test, Monoamine Oxidase, Phenolsulfotransferase and Plasma and Urinary Biogenic Amine and Acid Metabolite Levels
Authors: Davis B.A. , Dawson B. , Boulton A.A. , Yu P.H. , Durden D.A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA search for biological “trait” markers in migraine patients was undertaken. Migraine and control subjects were challenged with an oral dose of deuterated r ‐tyramine. Deuterium‐labelled conjugated and unconjugated r ‐tyramine and r ‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid in 24 hour urine samples, as well as several endogenous biogenic amines and their acidic metabolites in blood and urine, were identified and quantitated by mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. In contrast to earlier reports, urinary conjugated r ‐tyramine was not significantly reduced in migraine. Platelet monoamine oxidase (with r ‐tyramine as substrate) and phenolsulfotransferase (with phenol as substrate) activities were significantly reduced. Plasma unconjugated vanilmandelic acid and conjugated phenylacetic acid and urinary unconjugated 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylethylene glycol were significantly elevated in migraine. These parameters would not, however, be suitable as biological markers because the differences compared to controls did not attain a sufficiently high level of statistical significance.
A Comparison of Naproxen Sodium, Acetaminophen and Placebo in the Treatment of Muscle Contraction Headache
Authors: Miller Daniel S. , Talbot Cheryl A. , Simpson William , Korey Andrew 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of naproxen sodium (550 mg), acetaminophen (650 mg) and placebo in the treatment of muscle‐contraction, or tension headache.Six investigators participated in this randomized, double‐blind, 3‐way parallel study, in which 149 patients were entered. Each patient treated one episode of moderate‐to‐severe headache with the test medication. The intensity of the headache pain was recorded on 10 cm visual analogue scales (VASs) by patients for up to 12 hours after treatment with the study medication. In addition, the degree of pain relief (PR) was recorded in a similar manner. Mean pain intensities (Pls), percentage changes in mean pain intensities, pain intensity differences (PIDs) and the sum of these differences (SPIDs) were calculated.From the data collected in 124 patients eligible for efficacy analysis, naproxen sodium was shown to provide a significantly greater percentage change in mean PI compared to acetaminophen (p<0.01) or placebo (p<0.001). Mean PID and SPID scores also showed naproxen sodium to be significantly more effective in relieving pain compared to acetaminophen (p<0.02) or placebo (p<0.001). Mean pain relief scores and calculated total pain relief (TOTPAR) scores correlated well with the reduction in pain intensity. During the trial 13 patients reported side effects including nausea, dizziness and drowsiness. None of the side effects were considered clinically significant.The results from this study demonstrated naproxen sodium to be a well tolerated analgesic, which provided statistically significantly superior analgesia compared to acetaminophen or placebo in the treatment of muscle‐contraction or tension headaches.
Radiographic Pathology of the Temporomandibular Joints, and Head Pain
Authors: Tilds Barry N. , Miller Peter R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe rationale for the use of many diagnostic tests in head pain patients must be questioned, since most studies include only symptomatic individuals. In previous works by the authors, it has been documented that x‐ray techniques to view osseous structures, other than high resolution computerized tomography (CT), are likely to be inadequate.1 CT was found to be a valuable aid in the detection of bony abnormalities in patients with post‐traumatic head pain. 2 There is no doubt that the detection of fractures and other osseous defects with this technique provided an accurate diagnosis as to the cause of pain and enabled successful treatment planning with these trauma patients. Most non‐trauma head pain patients complain of similar types of pains, but upon evaluation of their CT findings, no correlation could be made between the duration, intensity or frequency of the pain and the structural damage found, if in fact any pathology was visualized on the CT scans.After reviewing numerous publications concerning head pain related to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, and clinically evaluating many patients who had undergone various x‐ray procedures as diagnostic modalities for the pain, it was decided to compare a group of pain free subjects and patients who were treated for head and/or facial pain that was proven to be unrelated to TMJ problems, with a group of subjects confirmed to have non‐traumatic induced TMJ symptoms.Our subjects in this pain free study group exhibited pathology equal to or greater than those patients suffering with pain from the TMJ. Upon analysis of our data, we feel that we can state that CT findings of pathology within the TMJ, not associated with trauma, can in no way quantitate or qualitate any relation to pain.
Ergotamine Dependency‐ a Review
Authors: Saper Joel R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISErgotamine tartrate has been recognized as the drug of first choice for the treatment of acute attacks of migraine. This paper draws attention to a common but poorly delineated state of addiction that can develop when ergotamine tartrate usage exceeds two or three days per week. This syndrome is characterized by a self‐sustaining, rhythmic headache/medication cycle, with daily or almost daily migraine headaches and the irresistible and predictable use of ergotamine tartrate as the only means of alleviating the headache attacks. This report further delineates the clinical features, criteria for recognition, and treatment alternatives for this syndrome. In order to avoid this condition, usage should be restricted to 2 days per week.
Marijuana and Migraine
Authors: EI‐Mallakh Rif S. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThree cases are described in which common migraine headaches appeared shortly after abrupt discontinuation of long‐term marijuana use. Since cannabinoids have been reported to have both a peripheral vasoconstrictor effect and an ability to inhibit platelet serotonin release induced by migraineur's plasma, they may have a specific migraine prophylactic effect. This would have implications regarding potential therapeutic uses of cannabinoid derivatives.
Viewpoint: Food Induced "Delayed Reaction" Headaches in Relation to Tyramine Studies
Authors: Gettis Alan 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn 1967, Hanington hypothesized that oral tyramine caused headache in susceptible individuals. Since then, the studies on tyramine and headache have yielded conflicting results. All the studies use either a 24 or 48 hour period following tyramine ingestion to note whether headache developed. However, there is a considerable body of literature on "delayed reaction" type food sensitivities which notes a gap of as much as 72 hours between ingestion of offending foods and development of headache. When subjects receive tyramine capsules and placebo capsules 24 or 48 hours apart, it is conceivable that contamination of results could occur due to delayed reaction headaches. A headache following placebo ingestion could be a result of the delayed reaction to the tyramine. Numerous studies did not attempt to control for the ingestion of tyramine‐rich foods in their subjects, and the failure to do so threatens the validity of their findings. Future studies need to consider a 72 hour time frame between tyramine and placebo trials, and any headaches developing for 72 hours after capsule ingestion should be recorded.
Pattern‐Shift Visual Evoked Responses in Cluster Headache
Authors: Polich John , Aung Maung , Dalessio Donald J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISVisual evoked responses (VERs) elicited with two different sizes of checkerboard patterns were obtained from 10 male cluster headache patients and their age‐matched controls. Full‐and half‐field stimulus presentations produced no substantial differences between the subject groups for any of the major component latencies or amplitudes (N75, P100, N145). No differences were obtained for either checkerboard size between the groups or when the specific side of headache pain was assessed separately. The results are discussed in terms of previous VER headache studies.
Group and Menstrual Phase Effect in Reported Headaches among College Students
Authors: Kappius Ruth E. Kelsch , Goolkasian Paula 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHeadache is one of many symptoms associated with menstrual phase. Three groups of college students (25 naturally menstruating women, 26 women using oral contraceptives, and 27 men) kept a daily record of each occurrence of headache for eight weeks. The rating scale data was analyzed to test for effects of group and menstrual phase. Naturally menstruating women reported more headaches than women using oral contraceptives, and in addition, women in both groups experienced variability across menstrual phase in reported headaches. Headache pain was found to rise premenstrually reaching a peak during the menstrual phase.
Cervicogenic Headache ‐ The Clinical Picture, Radiological Findings and Hypotheses on Its Pathophysiology
Authors: Pfaffenrath V. , Dandekar R. , Pöllmann2 W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe clinical picture of 15 patients with “cervicogenic headache” is presented. The patients suffered from constant one‐sided headaches, upon which were superimposed acute attacks. The pain could be precipitated and intensified mechanically. It was accompanied in one third of the patients by ipsilateral lacrimation, conjunctival injection, lid edema and visual blurring. Other concomitant symptoms were phono‐ and photophobia, nausea and vomiting. A C2 blockade always led to temporary pain relief.Routine X‐rays of the cervical spine and functional radio‐graphs in flexion and extension did not reveal any findings specific for cervicogenic headache when compared to 18 control subjects. Hypotheses on the pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache are presented.
Cluster Headache After Head Injury
Authors: Reik Louis 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFour patients developed cluster headaches after minor head injuries that caused no permanent neurologic or CT abnormalities. None had had headaches previously. The headaches of the three whose histories were known in detail either corresponded to the injury site or evolved from an earlier headache that did. Nerve injury is suggested as the mechanism by which trauma could initiate cluster headache.
Facial Pain of Dental Origin ‐ A Review for Physicians
Authors: Heir Gary M. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe diagnosis and treatment of facial pain is a multidisciplinary problem involving many areas of medicine and dentistry. Among the most common sources of this symptom are the dental structures.Facial pain of odontogenic and masticatory origin is often overlooked, perhaps because it is considered so obvious. The assumption that a patient enjoys good dental health may not always be true. Pain arising from not only the teeth and their supporting structures, but from the mandible, maxilla, the masticatory musculature and the temporomandibular joints, must also be considered during any examination of a facial pain patient.This paper considers pain of dental and craniomandibular origin. A discussion of techniques which the non‐dentalprofessional may use in evaluating this type of patient is included.
Reduced Activity of the NK Cells from Patients with Cluster Headache and the “In Vitro” Response to β‐Interferon
Authors: Martelletti P. , Stirparo G. , De Stefano L. , Bonmassar E. , Giacovazzo M. , Rinaldi‐Garaci C. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA quantitative increase of leukocyte Leu7+ subset (largely represented by cells with natural killer activity, NK) was observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients during the active period of cluster headache (CH). These patients are susceptible to herpes virus infections. In order to ascertain whether or not the quantitative changes in Leu7+ leukocyte subset would correspond to changes of the NK function, the activity of NK cells was investigated in CH patients. Eighteen patients with the episodic form of CH were studied during cluster periods and in painless periods. The control group consisted of 11 healthy volunteers. The results show that the NK activity of CH patients is significantly lower in comparison to that of control values. This impairment appears to be independent of the cluster period.Since β‐IFN has been shown to increase “in vitro” NK cell activity, studies were performed to investigate if β‐IFN could restore the limited NK activity found in CH patients. For this purpose the “in vitro” effect of overnight incubation with β‐IFN (1000 I.U./ml) was assessed on NK cell activity in CH patients and in the control group. It was found that β‐IFN was more effective in increasing NK activity of effector cells collected from CH patients when compared with healthy controls.
Elevated Frequency of HLA Shared‐Haplotypes in Migraine Families
Authors: Giacovazzo M. , Valeri M. , Piazza A. , Torlone N. , Bernoni R.M. , Martelletti P. , Adorno D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAssociations between HLA antigens and disease susceptibility have been investigated in several pathological conditions. Previous studies in selected migraine populations did not reveal any association with the HLA system. It is widely accepted that migraine is a disease with familial incidence. The genetic basis of migraine occurrence within 8 families with more than one member affected in two generations was studied. 60 individuals were studied; 33 of them were affected by migraine. HLA‐A,B,C,DR typing was performed in 41 individuals using the microlymphocytotoxicity technique of Terasaki.The studied pedigrees failed to identify a particular HLA antigen or HLA haplotype as a genetic marker of migraine. Among the total number of HLA typed individuals entering the study, Sib‐pair analysis was done in 20 pairs. The observed frequency of shared‐haplotypes differed from the expected frequency: 60% of compared pairs shared one haplotype (expected frequency 50%) and 30% shared two haplotypes (expected frequency 25%).