bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of RBC units and rate of transfusionto anemic HIV‐positive patients assigned to receiveWBC‐reduced or non‐WBC‐reduced RBCs: the Viral Activation Transfusion Study experience
Authors: Brecher Mark E. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Assmann Susan F. ,   for the Viral Activation Transfusion Study
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: It is known that the use of filtration to reduce WBCs in RBC units is associated with a 6‐ to 15‐percent loss of RBCs. It is not known if the use of such WBC‐reduced RBCs results in an increased need for RBC units or in the transfusion of more units per year to patients with anemia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In the multicenter Viral Activation Transfusion Study (VATS), anemic HIV‐positive patients were randomly assigned to receive either WBC‐reduced or non‐WBC‐reduced RBCs. The number of RBC units transfused per patient and the rate of RBC use were studied. All RBC units given after the enrollment transfusion were counted, until the end of follow‐up or the occurrence of bleeding (receiving >5 RBCs within 2 consecutive days).RESULTS: As expected, the WBC‐reduced RBC units in VATS were lighter in weight than the non‐WBC‐reduced units (median weight: WBC‐reduced, 300 g; non‐WBC‐reduced, 330 g; p<0.0001). After the enrollment transfusion, 258 WBC‐reduced arm patients received 1279 units of RBCs (average, 5.0 units/patient, median, 2 units) while 262 patients in the non‐WBC‐reduced arm received 1111 RBCs (4.2 units/patient; median, 2 units). The number of units transfused for anemia was slightly greater in the WBC‐reduced arm, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.41). Similarly, the rate of RBC use was somewhat higher in the WBC‐reduced arm, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.14). The median was 2.3 units per patient per year of follow‐up in the WBC‐reduced arm; the median in the non‐WBC‐reduced arm was 1.2 units.CONCLUSION: This study confirms that WBC‐reduced RBC units are significantly lighter in weight than non‐WBC‐reduced RBCs. However, in the setting of a large, randomized, blinded study of transfusion for anemia, the smaller size of the WBC‐reduced RBC units had no significant effect on the number of RBC units transfused or on the rate at which RBC units were used. In this study, the frequency of blood transfusion may have had a greater relationship to the frequency of routine, scheduled appointments or transfusion orders for a specified Hb trigger than to the actual Hb content of the unit.
Prestorage universal WBC reduction of RBC units does not affect the incidence of transfusion reactions
Authors: Uhlmann Erik J. , Isgriggs Elizabeth , Wallhermfechtel Mary , Goodnough Lawrence T. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) has been identified as a pivotal reason for prestorage universal WBC reduction. A regional blood center implemented universal prestorage WBC reduction for RBCs on January 1, 2000. Whether prestorage universal WBC reduction of RBC units will affect FNHTR is not known.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All reports of RBC transfusion reactions at Barnes‐Jewish Hospital submitted for evaluation to the blood bank, before and after the implementation of WBC reduction of RBCs, were retrospectively evaluated.RESULTS: For the 36,303 allogeneic RBC transfusions administered in 1999, 85 reactions (0.23%) were reported. These reactions were classified as FNHTR in 43 cases, allergic in 13, delayed hemolytic in 19, and miscellaneous in 10. For the 31,543 non‐WBC‐reduced RBC transfusions performed in 1999, 78 reactions (0.25%) were reported. These reactions were classified as FNHTR in 39 cases, allergic in 13, delayed hemolytic in 19, and miscellaneous in 7. In the first half of 2000, 32 reactions (0.20%) were reported for 16,093 prestorage WBC‐reduced RBC transfusions (p = 0.41). There were 13 FNHTRs and 10 allergic, 7 delayed hemolytic, and 2 miscellaneous reactions. The use of prestorage WBC‐reduced RBCs did not significantly affect the rate of reactions classified as allergic (0.04% in 1999; 0.06% in 2000; p = 0.43) or as FNHTR (0.12% in 1999; 0.08% in 2000; p = 0.33). For all patients, universal WBC reduction in 2000 did not reduce the rate of FNHTR from the rate seen with selective bedside WBC reduction, the practice used in 1999 (0.12% in 1999; 0.08% in 2000; p = 0.36).CONCLUSION: No significant difference was found in the incidence of transfusion reactions in patients receiving prestorage WBC‐reduced RBCs and non‐WBC‐reduced RBCs. In addition, no difference was found in transfusion reaction rates when periods of prestorage universal WBC reduction were compared to those of selective WBC reduction.
A DV‐like phenotype is obliteratedby A226P in the partial D DBS
Authors: Wagner Franz F. , Ernst Manfred , Sonneborn Hans‐H. , Flegel Willy A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND:In D category V types, theRHDexon 5 or parts thereof are replaced by the correspondingRHCEDNA segments. In D category V types I and II, the amino acid at position 226 is alanine, which is typical of the prevalentRHDallele and is observed in allRHCEalleles encoding the antigen e. A proline at position 226 inRHCEencodes the antigen E.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A blood sample of ccDEe phenotype was referred as suspected D category VI. TheRHDnucleotide sequence and the D epitope pattern were determined.RESULTS:A new partial D, DBS, encoded by anRHD‐RHcE(5)‐RHDhybrid allele, was found. Although it differed from DVatype II by an A226P substitution only, it lacked epitopes epD4, epD12, epD17, epD18, and epD22 that were present in DVa. The 5′ breakpoint region was located between the deletion inRHDintron 4 and the first polymorphic nucleotide of DBS exon 5.CONCLUSION:The phenotypes ofRHDalleles with gene conversions limited to exon 5 depended critically on the amino acid at position 226. If alanine was present at this position, gene conversions involving E233Q led to a DVa‐like phenotype. If proline was present, many additional epitopes were lost, and the phenotype became reminiscent of DFR. The 5′ breakpoint region is shared by 10 alleles and may represent the most active “hot spot” for gene conversions known inRH.
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae antigenin PBMNCs of healthy blood donors
Authors: Haranaga Shusaku , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Leparc German F. , Friedman Herman , Yamamoto Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Because it has been increasingly recognized that Chlamydia pneumoniae may be linked to some chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, detection of this pathogen in blood from patients may be valuable in the diagnosis of such diseases. However, the prevalence of chlamydia in the blood of healthy donors has not yet been extensively studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The presence of C. pneumoniae in PBMNCs obtained from healthy persons who donated blood for blood transfusion was assessed by a PCR that was specific for the C. pneumoniae 16S rRNA gene and by the use of staining with FITC‐conjugated chlamydia MoAb.RESULTS: Twenty‐one (8.9%) of 237 blood samples tested showed the presence of C. pneumoniae DNA and antigen in the PBMNCs. There was no significant difference in the presence of chlamydia in blood according to sex or to age between 20 and 59 years of age. However, a possible seasonal variation in the presence of chlamydia in blood from healthy donors was suggested by the results obtained.CONCLUSION: A significant percentage of healthy donors carry C. pneumoniae, which may be a risk factor for some chronic diseases.
TT virus genotype changes frequently in multiply transfused patients with hemophilia but rarely in patients with chronic hepatitis C and in healthy subjects
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Fukuda Yoshihide , Nakano Isao , Katano Yoshiaki , Yokozaki Shoichi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ito Yoshinori , Suzuki Koji , Nakano Hiroshi , Saito Hidehiko , Takamatsu Junki 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: TT virus (TTV), a novel DNA virus, was originally thought to be transmitted by transfusion. However, nonparenteral transmission is recently suspected to be a major mode of transmission. To investigate the possibility of reinfection with TTV in multiply transfused patients and to evaluate the significance of transfusion transmission of TTV in patients with hemophilia, serial changes in TTV genotype were investigated in three groups.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serial changes in TTV genotype were investigated in 16 multiply transfused patients with hemophilia, 16 age‐matched patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 16 age‐matched healthy subjects.RESULTS: Mixed infection with multiple TTV genotypes was common in all groups. However, changes in TTV genotype were frequent in patients with hemophilia (15/16; 93.8%) but rare in patients with chronic hepatitis C and in healthy subjects (each group: 1/16; 6.3%).CONCLUSION: Changes in TTV genotype were frequently observed in multiply transfused patients with hemophilia but not in patients with chronic hepatitis or in healthy subjects without risk of transfusion transmission. This difference may suggest that exposure to TTV or even reinfection occurs frequently in patients with hemophilia, which could be evidence of transfusion transmission of TTV in this population.
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for treatmentof acute and chronic GVHD in childhood
Authors: Salvaneschi Laura , Perotti Cesare , Zecca Marco , Bernuzzi Stefano , Viarengo Gianluca , Giorgiani Giovanna , Del Fante Claudia , Bergamaschi Paola , Maccario Rita , Pession Andrea , Locatelli Franco 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (EPC) has recently been proposed for the treatment of adults with either acute or chronic GVHD. However, data on children given this therapy are scarce. A Phase I‐II study was carried out on EPC in children experiencing GVHD after allogeneic transplantation of HPCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine patients with steroid‐resistant, grade II‐IV acute GVHD and 14 with chronic GVHD, all of whom had been refractory to at least one line of treatment, were enrolled in this study and analyzed. The median age was 10.3 years (range, 5.4‐18.1), and the median body weight was 35 kg (range, 17‐89).RESULTS: Seven of the nine patients with acute GVHD showed a response to EPC, whereas the disease progressed in the remaining two children (both with skin, gastrointestinal, and liver GVHD), and they died of grade IV acute GVHD. Among the seven children who responded to EPC, it was possible to completely discontinue immunosuppressive treatment in three. In the 14 children with chronic GVHD, 4 and 5 patients experienced complete and partial response to EPC, respectively, whereas the remaining 5 patients, all with extensive chronic GVHD, had stable disease or disease that progressed during EPC. Among these latter 5 patients, 3 died. In 6 of the 9 patients with chronic GVHD responding to EPC, immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued.CONCLUSION: EPC is safe, feasible, and effective in children with either acute or chronic GVHD occurring after an allograft.
Cataracts in neutrophil donors stimulated with adrenal corticosteroids
Authors: Ghodsi Zuleika , Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND:A relatively young man (43 years old) was found to have a cataract after receiving prednisone before each of 35 neutrophil (PMN) donations over several years. Because corticosteroids are known to induce posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs), additional repeat PMN donors were examined ophthalmologically.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A controlled, blinded study was performed in 11 PMN donors who received prednisone with or without G–CSF before 17 to 46 leukapheresis donations over an average of 8.5 years. Control subjects were nine plateletpheresis donors of comparable age and donation experience, but they had never donated PMNs. A complete eye examination was performed by an ophthalmologist who was unaware of the donor's status (PMN vs. platelet).RESULTS:Mild PSCs were found in 36 percent (4/11) of PMN donors versus 0 of 9 platelet donors (p = 0.068). Five of the 22 PMN donor eyes involved versus 0 of the 18 platelet donor eyes involved exhibited PSCs (p = 0.040). Cortical and nuclear cataracts were found similarly in both groups of donors (82% PMN vs. 56% platelet donors; p = 0.217); this indicated that lifestyle factors, independent of corticosteroids, that might predispose to cataract formation probably were comparable.CONCLUSION:Corticosteroids given before PMN donations by leukapheresis might increase the risk of PSCs. Because of widespread renewed interest in PMN transfusions, this potential risk factor—if confirmed by studies of additional PMN donors—is of great international importance. Other centers are urged to perform ophthalmologic examinations on repeat PMN donors to clarify this issue.
Comparison of intermittent‐ and continuous‐flow cell separators for the collection of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Hitzler Walter E. , Wolf Sieglinde , Runkel Stefan , Kunz‐Kostomanolakis Marika 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The transplantation of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) after high‐dose chemotherapy is a valuable therapy for patients with hematologic and solid malignancies. Several methods are used for harvesting PBPCs. The efficiency of intermittent‐ and continuous‐flow blood cell separators in collecting progenitor cells from the blood of patients undergoing myeloablative treatment for cancer was compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PBPC components (n = 133) were obtained from 72 patients by leukapheresis with continuous‐flow machines (Spectra, COBE; CS 3000 Plus, Baxter) and with an intermittent‐flow machine (MCS 3P, Haemonetics). The data were analyzed retrospectively. Blood samples obtained from the patients before leukapheresis and samples of the leukapheresis components themselves were analyzed for their content of RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and CD34+ cells.RESULTS: The Spectra processed more than twice the blood volume in the shortest time (15 L in 178 min), whereas the Baxter CS 3000 Plus (10 L in 185 min) and the MCS 3P (4.8 L in 239 min) processed significantly smaller volumes in a longer time. The mean ACD consumption was 403 mL with the MCS 3P, 900 mL with the CS 3000 Plus, and 1000 mL with the Spectra. The product volumes were 50 mL (CS 3000 Plus), 69 mL (MCS 3P), and 166 mL (Spectra). In all groups, differences in the preapheresis hemograms were not significant, but the Spectra group had fewer CD34+ cells than the other groups. Despite this, the differences in the number of CD34+ cells in the leukapheresis components of all groups were without statistical significance. In the Spectra group, the collection of MNCs of 104 percent and CD34+ cells of 154 percent was significantly more efficient than that in the MCS 3P group (42.2% and 56%, respectively) or the CS 3000 Plus group (50.8% and 47.15%) as related to the patients' blood volume.CONCLUSION: PBPC collection can be performed successfully with continuous‐flow and intermittent‐flow blood cell separators. The Spectra had the best recovery of CD34+ cells within the shortest time. Leukapheresis with the MCS 3P is indicated if only a single venous access is available.
Analysis of factors associated with low peripheral blood progenitor cell collection in normal donors
Authors: De La Rubia Javier , Arbona Cristina , De Arriba Felipe , Del Cañizo Consuelo , Brunet Salut , Zamora Concha , Díaz Miguel A. , Bargay Joan , Petit José , De La Serna Javier , Insunza Andrés , Arrieta Rosario , Pascual María J. , Serrano David , Sanjuan Isabel , Espigado Ildefonso , Alegre Adrián , Martínez Dobleta , Verdeguer Amparo , Martínez Carmen , Benlloch Luis , Sanz Miguel A. ,   Spanish Group of Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Predictive factors of the response to rHuG–CSF in normal donors have not been extensively studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed factors influencing CD34+ cell yield in the 1st day of collection in 261 healthy donors from the Spanish National Donor Registry. The median age was 38 years (range, 2‐72). The median dose of rHuG–CSF was 10 μg per kg per day (range, 5‐20) over 4 days. In 103 donors (40%), <4 × 106 per kg CD34+ cells were collected. The variables that were analyzed included age, sex, weight, basal complete blood cell count, dose, type of rHuGCSF and schedule of administration, and maximum WBC count before apheresis. RESULTS: By univariate analysis, the maximum WBC count (<50 vs. ≥50 × 109/L, p = 0.004), advanced age (p = 0.008), and number of daily rHuG–CSF doses (one vs. two; p = 0.01) correlated with the number of CD34+ cells collected. By multivariate analysis, donors age (<38 vs. ≥38 years; p = 0.014) and a single daily dose of rHuG–CSF (p = 0.005) were the two variables that significantly predicted a low CD34+ cell yield. CONCLUSION: Donors' age, with a threshold of 38 years or more, and the rHuG–CSF schedule are the factors that significantly affected CD34+ cell mobilization and collection in healthy donors.
A weak blood group A phenotype caused by a new mutation at the ABO locus
Authors: Seltsam Axel , Hallensleben Michael , Eiz‐Vesper Britta , Lenhard Volker , Heymann Giudo , Blasczyk Rainer 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A number of alleles have been described for ABO encoding for common and rare ABO blood group phenotypes. Critical mutations in the coding sequence of ABO that may confer the different specificity and activity of the glycosyltransferases encoded by this gene locus have been identified. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three unrelated patients from Germany, Turkey, and Bosnia who were diagnosed as having variant A subgroups were subjected to extended ABO typing. Serologic investigations were performed with standard methods. The genetic basis of the ABO phenotypes was determined by haplotype‐specific sequence analysis of the last two exons (exons 6 and 7) of ABO and the intervening intron. RESULTS: The RBCs of all three patients showed serologic A characteristics being similar to subgroup Ax. The serum of all three patients contained weakly reactive anti‐A. In all three patients, sequence analysis indicated an A allele with a nucleotide sequence identical to ABO*A101 except for a single‐base substitution in exon 7 at position 502, where C was replaced by G. This point mutation resulted in an amino acid exchange from arginine to glycine at position 168. The nucleotide sequence of intron 6 of the A allele was found to be identical to the ABO*A101 sequence in each patient. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a variant A phenotype can arise from the new R168G polymorphism, reflecting the importance of this region for the ABO transferase efficiency.
Human plasma thrombopoietin levels are regulated by binding to platelet thrombopoietin receptors in vivo
Authors: Scheding Stefan , Bergmann Markus , Shimosaka Akihiro , Wolff Philipp , Driessen Christoph , Rathke Gisa , Jaschonek Karl , Brugger Wolfram , Kanz Lothar 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Data from several studies support the hypothesis that thrombopoietin (TPO) plasma levels are regulated via circulating platelet (PLT) numbers by binding to PLT TPO receptors (TPO‐Rs). In this study, PLT numbers and TPO plasma levels were measured following the transfusion of unmanipulated, sham‐saturated, and TPO‐R‐saturated PLT preparations to provide additional in vivo evidence for this regulatory mechanism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Following in vitro experiments to characterize pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG‐rHuMGDF) binding characteristics, PLT numbers and TPO plasma levels were measured following the transfusion of unmanipulated, sham‐saturated, and TPO‐R‐saturated PLT preparations in thrombocytopenic patients. Sham‐saturated and TPO‐R‐saturated PLTs were prepared by a 1‐hour incubation without and with 40 ng per mL of PEG‐rHuMGDF, respectively, and subsequent washing and resuspension. RESULTS: In vitro, 2.72 ± 0.8 ng of PEG‐rHuMGDF per 1 × 108 PLTs was bound within 1 hour of incubation. No additional PEG‐rHuMGDF was bound following a second incubation with PEG‐rHuMGDF, and bound PEG‐rHuMGDF was not released over time. In vivo, TPO plasma levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001), by 30.7 ± 5.8 and 20.9 ± 2.1 percent after transfusion of unmanipulated and sham‐saturated PLT preparations, respectively. However, TPO plasma levels were unaffected after the transfusion of TPO‐R‐saturated PLTs despite comparable transfusion‐induced PLT count increases. CONCLUSION: These data strongly support the concept that binding to PLT TPO‐R is directly involved in human TPO plasma level regulation in vivo.
Frequency distribution of antigens in the human platelet antigen‐1 system in the western Indian population
Authors: Kulkarni Bipin , Mohanty Dipika , Ghosh K. , Pawar Aruna , Khare Amit 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NAITP) occurring because of fetomaternal incompatibility in the human platelet antigen‐1 (HPA‐1) system is increasingly being detected worldwide. Several studies have reported the frequency and distribution of HPA‐1 alleles in different countries and ethnic populations. A paucity of data regarding the frequency of the antigens in the HPA‐1 system in the Indian population prompted an undertaking of this study. The molecular method of genotyping the platelet antigens is preferred to serology. It will enable future prenatal diagnosis in mothers suspected to have NAITP so that they can be managed better. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Five hundred six unrelated subjects were screened for the alleles in the HPA‐1 system, of which 185 were healthy males and 321 were females. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood WBCs of these subjects, followed by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR‐amplified products. RESULTS: Four hundred two out of 506 subjects (79.44%) were found to be homozygous for HPA‐1a. Ninety‐nine subjects (19.57%) were heterozygous HPA‐1a/HPA‐1b, and five subjects out of 506 (0.99%) were homozygous for HPA‐1b. CONCLUSION: Homozygosity for HPA‐1b exists in the Indian population at a frequency of 0.99 percent, whereas homozygosity for HPA‐1a is present in approximately 79 percent of the population. Hence, 0.98 × 0.79 of the females (0.77%) in the reproductive age group are likely to be pregnant with an HPA‐1a‐positive fetus, leading to a setting in which NAITP might develop. The development of NAITP also depends on the HLA type of the mother; nevertheless, the number of pregnancies in which the fetus is at risk for NAITP in India is quite significant.
Human neutrophil antigen‐2a expression on neutrophils from healthy adults in western Japan
Authors: Taniguchi Kikuyo , Kobayashi Masao , Harada Hironori , Hiraoka Asako , Tanihiro Misae , Takata Noboru , Kimura Akiro 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Human neutrophil antigen‐2a (HNA‐2a)‐specific MoAb, which is necessary to prepare panel neutrophils and to determine the phenotype of patients' neutrophils, has been produced in many laboratories in Japan. The frequency of the HNA‐2a‐positive population in western Japan is unknown. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A cell line secreting an HNA‐2a‐specific MoAb, TAG4, was established. TAG4 was characterized by flow cytometry, and the reactivities of TAG4 and another HNA‐2a‐specific MoAb, 7D8, were compared in an inhibition assay and two‐color flow cytometry. TAG4 was tested against granulocytes from 408 healthy adult volunteers in western Japan. RESULTS: TAG4 reacted with neutrophils, but not with the other blood cells. The reactivity of TAG4 with granulocytes treated with glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C was markedly reduced. The reactivity of TAG4 and 7D8 was similar, but 7D8 did not prevent TAG4 from binding. A total of 406 of 408 donors were TAG4 positive. The mean percentage of HNA‐2a expression of females was 70.2 percent, and that of males was 66.8 percent. CONCLUSION: TAG4 and 7D8 seem to bind to different epitopes of HNA‐2a. The frequency of the HNA‐2a‐positive population is 99.5 percent of healthy adults in western Japan. The mean percentage of HNA‐2a expression of females was greater than in males.