bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Local Adjuncts to Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontal Disease Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bonito Arthur J. , Lux Linda , Lohr Kathleen N. 
Published: August 2005

Background: Chronic periodontitis affects many adults in the United States, some severely enough to threaten tooth loss. Of particular clinical importance is whether scaling and root planing (SRP) accompanied by a local adjunctive therapeutic agent improves outcomes over time compared to SRP alone. The adjunctive therapeutic agents investigated include: tetracycline, minocycline, metronidazole, a group of other antibiotics, chlorhexidine, and a group of antimicrobials. Primary outcomes considered are reductions in probing depth (PD) and gains in clinical attachment level (CAL).Methods: RTI‐UNC Evidence‐Based Practice Center staff searched MEDLINE (1966 through December 2002) and EMBASE (through February 2002) to identify clinical trials published in English that 1) involved adults with chronic periodontitis but no serious comorbidities; 2) tested one or more chemical antimicrobial agents as an adjunct to SRP alone or with a placebo; 3) had a concurrent control group that received the same SRP as the treatment group; 4) reported outcomes for specified, fixed time periods; and 5) if multiple antimicrobials were tested, reported outcomes for each agent separately. We performed qualitative analyses and meta‐analyses of PD and CAL effect sizes when the necessary data were available from at least three studies at 6‐month follow‐up.Results: Among the locally administered adjunctive antimicrobials, the most positive results occurred for tetracycline, minocycline, metronidazole, and chlorhexidine. Adjunctive local therapy generally reduced PD levels. Differences between treatment and SRP‐only groups in the baseline‐to‐follow‐up period typically favored treatment groups but usually only modestly (e.g., from about 0.1 mm to nearly 0.5 mm) even when the differences were statistically significant. Effects for CAL gains were smaller and statistical significance less common. The marginal improvements in PD and CAL were a fraction of the improvement from SRP alone.Conclusions: Whether such improvements, even if statistically signi‐ ficant, are clinically meaningful remains a question. A substantial agenda of future research to address this and other issues (e.g., costs, patientoriented outcomes) is suggested. J Periodontol 2005;76:1227‐1236.
Sinus Floor Elevation Using Osteotomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Emmerich Dominik , Att Wael , Stappert Christian 
Published: August 2005

Background: Various techniques of sinus floor elevation (SFE) are described. The elevation with osteotomes (OSFE) from a crestal approach is a relatively new technique. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the clinical outcome of implants placed into the maxillary sinus augmented with an OSFE technique.Methods: A systematic online and manual review of the literature identified articles dealing with OSFE. Applying rigid inclusion criteria, screening and data abstraction were performed independently by two reviewers. The follow‐up of loaded implants was a minimum of 6 months. The identified articles were analyzed regarding implant outcome and defined surgical aspects. Survival and success rates were estimated by Kaplan‐Meier curves.Results: Eight out of 44 articles dealing with osteotome sinus floor elevation met the inclusion criteria. Five of the studies met established success criteria. The survival and success rates were 95.7% and 96.0% after 24 months and 36 months, respectively. The median and mean follow‐up periods were 24 and 18.73 months for the survival rate and 24 and 19.7 months for the success rate. Regarding different surgical elements, i.e., osteotome techniques, implant types, and augmentation materials, the database was multivariate. Thus, no statistical analysis could be performed on these parameters.Conclusions: Short‐term clinical success/survival (≤3 years) of implants placed with an osteotome sinus floor elevation technique seems to be similar to that of implants conventionally placed in the partially edentulous maxilla. Controlled prospective clinical studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term outcome and various surgical modifications of OSFE. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1237‐1251.
Comparative Study Between the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and Conventional Therapy on Microbial Reduction in Ligature‐Induced Peri‐Implantitis in Dogs
Authors: Hayek Ricardo R.A. , Araújo Ney S. , Gioso Marco A. , Ferreira Jonathan , Baptista‐Sobrinho Carlos A. , Yamada Aécio M. , Ribeiro Martha S. 
Published: August 2005

Background: Progressive peri‐implant bone losses, which are accompanied by inflammatory lesions in the soft tissues, are referred to as peri‐implantitis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and conventional technique on microbial reduction in ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis in dogs.Methods: Eighteen third premolars from nine Labrador retriever dogs were extracted and the implants were submerged. After osseointegration, peri‐implantitis was induced. After 4 months, ligature was removed and natural bacterial plaque was allowed to form for another 4 months. The animals were then randomly divided into two groups. In the conventional group, they were treated using mucoperiosteal flaps for scaling the implant surface and chlorexidine (conventional) irrigation. In the PDT group, only mucoperiosteal scaling was carried out before photodynamic therapy. Inside the peri‐implant pocket, a paste‐based azulene photosensitizer was placed and then a GaAlAs low‐power laser (λ = 660 nm, P = 40 mW, E = 7.2 J for 3 minutes) was used. Microbiological samples were obtained before and immediately after treatment. Before treatment, one implant was removed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to validate the contamination.Results: The results of this study showed that Prevotella sp., Fusobacterium sp., and S. Beta‐haemolyticus were significantly reduced for both groups. After treatment, no significant differences were observed between the groups.Conclusion: These findings suggest that photodynamic therapy is a non‐invasive method that could be used to reduce microorganisms in peri‐implantitis. J Periodontol 2005;76:1275‐1281.
Three‐Dimensional Quantification of Alveolar Bone Loss in Porphyromonas gingivalis‐Infected Mice Using Micro‐Computed Tomography
Authors: Wilensky Asaf , Gabet Yankel , Yumoto Hiromichi , Houri‐Haddad Yael , Shapira Lior 
Published: August 2005

Background: Animal models are routinely used for the study of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. However, some of the methods used for evaluating alveolar bone loss are limited to linear or two dimension measurements, while other methods, such as histology, are labor consuming. The present study was designed to evaluate a novel method for assessing the volume of alveolar bone loss in mice and to compare it to the traditional morphometric (linear) technique.Methods: Seven‐ to 8‐week‐old BALB/c mice were divided into three equal groups of six each; two groups were infected orally with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) 381 or 53977, while the third group was used as non‐infected control. Forty‐two days following infection, serum samples were obtained and maxillae were harvested. Bone loss was evaluated by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and by the morphometric technique.Results: Significant decrease in residual supportive bone volumes (RSBV) was observed in both P. gingivalis‐infected groups compared to the control group (P <0.0001). The P. gingivalis 53977‐infected group showed less residual supportive bone volume compared to the P. gingivalis 381‐infected group, but there were no significant differences between these two groups. Using the morphometric technique, the differences between the three groups were not found to be statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusions: The present study describes a novel micro‐CT technique for volumetric evaluation of alveolar bone loss in mice. This technique is relatively simple and accurate, and due to its high sensitivity, enables the investigator to reduce the number of animals needed in each experimental group. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1282‐1286.
Analysis of Rat Calvaria Defects Implanted With a Platelet‐Rich Plasma Preparation: Radiographic Observations
Authors: Pryor Mary E. , Yang Jie , Polimeni Giuseppe , Koo Ki‐Tae , Hartman Michael J. , Gross Howard , Agelan Alexis , Manns Joanne M. , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: August 2005

Background: Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) harbors growth factors identified in bone. It has been suggested that these factors enhance osteogenesis. The objective of this study was to conduct a radiographic evaluation on local bone formation following surgical implantation of a PRP preparation using a critical‐size rat calvaria defect model.Methods: Thirty 22‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. The PRP preparation was obtained from 10 ml of whole blood drawn from one age‐matched donor rat. The preparation was processed by gradient density centrifugation and stored at –80°C until use. Using aseptic techniques, the PRP preparation soak‐loaded onto an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier or ACS alone was surgically implanted into contralateral critical‐size 6 mm rat calvaria osteotomies in 18 animals. Twelve animals received ACS alone versus sham surgery in contralateral defects. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks when biopsies were collected and radiographs were obtained using a standardized protocol. Three masked examiners independently evaluated the radiographic images of the defect sites. Examiner reproducibility was examined by repeat evaluation of all defect sites (r = 0.6; P <0.0001).Results: The animals were maintained without adverse events. Defect sites in two animals receiving ACS versus sham surgery (4‐week healing interval) were not evaluated due to specimen damage. Seventy‐five percent of the sites (PRP/ACS or ACS) exhibited partial closure at 4 weeks; one site (ACS) exhibited full closure without significant differences between protocols (P = 0.1797). Fifty percent of the sites receiving PRP/ACS exhibited full closure and 20% partial closure at 8 weeks versus 20% and 80%, respectively, for the ACS control (P = 0.7532). There were no noteworthy differences between sites receiving ACS versus sham surgery at 4 or 8 weeks.Conclusion: The results suggest that the PRP preparation does not have a significant effect on osteogenesis. J Periodontol 2005;76: 1287‐1292.
Non‐Invasive Method to Measure the Length of Soft Tissue From the Top of the Papilla to the Crestal Bone
Authors: Lee Dong‐Won , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Park Kwang‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Moon Ik‐Sang 
Published: August 2005

Background: In order to verify the results of interdental papilla regeneration, various methods of measuring the length of the papilla have been introduced. Invasive methods, such as bone probing under local anesthesia, might cause discomfort to the patients and possibly damage the delicate gingival unit. The purpose of the present study was to validate a method of measuring the length of the interdental papilla non‐invasively, using radiopaque material and a periapical radiograph.Methods: This study involved 142 interproximal papillae in 40 patients with chronic periodontitis. The distance between the radiopaque material and most coronal portion of the crestal bone was measured (radiographic length of papilla, RL). Bone probing at the interdental papilla was performed after local anesthesia (bone probing length, BPL). After flap elevation, the actual length of the papilla was measured (actual length of papilla, AL). A correlation analysis was performed between AL‐RL and AL‐BPL using Pearson's correlation coefficients.Results: The correlation between AL‐RL and AL‐BPL was 0.903 and 0.931, respectively, both of which showed significance at the 0.01 level.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the noninvasive method using a radiopaque material and periapical radiograph could be utilized to measure the length of the interdental papilla. J Periodontol 2005;76:1311‐1314.
Influence of Nicotine and Cotinine on Epithelial Colonization by Periodontopathogens
Authors: Teughels Wim , Van Eldere Johan , van Steenberghe Daniel , Cassiman Jean‐Jaques , Fives‐Taylor Paula , Quirynen Marc 
Published: August 2005

Background: Since smoking is an established risk factor for the development of periodontitis, the present study investigated whether nicotine and cotinine can make epithelial cells more prone to colonization by periodontopathogens.Methods: Primary epithelial cell mono‐layers were inoculated with nicotine and cotinine prior to adhesion experiments with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The number of bacteria associated with cells inoculated or not with nicotine or cotinine were assessed by an indirect culture viability assay. The same experimental set‐up was used for assessing HeLa cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE).Results: Primary epithelial cells inoculated with concentrations of nicotine and cotinine, found in smokers and non smokers, did not show significant differences (P >0.05) in colonization susceptibility to A. actinomycetemcomitans. When these concentrations were increased to 1 mg/ml, a significant (P <0.05) and species‐specific effect of the colonization susceptibility of epithelial cells was observed: It increased for A. actinomycetemcomitans, while it decreased for P. gingivalis. For both species the effects were more pronounced for nicotine, although this was not statistically significant. The change in colonization susceptibility did not result from alterations of the bacterial viability due to nicotine or cotinine. Treatment of HeLa cells with CSE also led to a species‐specific variation in colonization tendency; i.e., increased for A. actinomycetemcomitans (P <0.05), but not for P. gingivalis.Conclusions: The susceptibility of epithelial cells to become colonized by either A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis could be altered by nicotine, cotinine, or CSE in a time‐dependent, species‐specific manner. Whether these findings that support the hypothesis of an increased patient susceptibility for bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells in smokers are clinically relevant remains to be proven. J Periodontol 2005;76:1315‐1322.
Lupinus albus, A Novel Vegetable Extract With Metalloproteinase Inhibitory Properties: A Potential Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Gaultier Frédérick , Ejeil Anne‐Laure , Dridi Sophie‐Myriam , Piccardi Nathalie , Piccirilli Antoine , Msika Philippe , Pellat Bernard , Godeau Gaston , Gogly Bruno 
Published: August 2005

Background: In this study we examine the properties of a vegetable extract from seeds of Lupinus albus (LU105). In previous works we demonstrated that LU105 reduced the expression, by gingival fibroblasts, of both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9. We decided to study the impact of LU105 on cell proliferation and morphology. Using organ culture media we also studied the MMP and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) expression and the cytokines secretion.Methods: Healthy and inflamed gingival biopsies were placed in appendage culture with or without LU105. The organ culture media were analyzed using Western blottings (MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐7, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2) and gelatine zymography. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was also performed on healthy and inflamed gingival biopsies, which were maintained in culture with or without LU105 0.1%. Then, we decided to determine the amount of cytokines present in the organ culture media such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α.Results: When gingival biopsies derived from inflamed tissues were cultured with LU105 0.1% in the culture media, the MMP and TIMP expression and activity decreased significantly when compared to cultures without LU105. Moreover, we did not note any statistical difference in the cell proliferation compared with human gingival fibroblast cultures without LU105. Furthermore, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TGF‐β, and TNF‐α amounts in the culture media decreased significantly, whereas IL‐4 increased significantly when LU105 0.1% was added to the culture media.Conclusion: LU105, a novel metalloproteinase inhibitor with few consequences on cell proliferation and morphology, is a vegetable extract with potential clinical capacity. J Periodontol 2005;76:1329‐1338.
Microvascular Response in the Periosteum Following Mucoperiosteal Flap Surgery in Dogs: 3‐Dimensional Observation of an Angiogenic Process
Authors: Nobuto Takahiro , Suwa Fumihiko , Kono Tomoo , Hatakeyama Yoshiyuki , Honjou Norisuke , Shirai Takeo , Mitsuyama Makoto , Imai Hisao 
Published: August 2005

Background: An increase in blood flow from the periosteum after mucoperiosteal flap surgery is essential for healing and angiogenesis and repair may work in close cooperation to facilitate this process. To investigate the role of the periosteal vascular plexus in the healing process, we used 3‐dimensional (3‐D) and ultrastructural monitoring of the angiogenic process after elevation of the mucoperiosteal flap.Methods: Mucoperiosteal flap surgery was performed on nine adult beagle dogs. The periosteal vascular plexus was observed 3, 5, and 7 days after surgery in histological specimens in which blood vessels were injected with India ink under a light microscope, in ultrathin sections under a transmission electron microscope, and in acryl plastic vascular cast specimens under a scanning electron microscope.Results: On day 3 after surgery, new blood vessels, formed through sprouting, bridging, and intussusception, were observed in ultrathin sections and vascular casts. In addition, blood islandlike structures consisting of clustered immature endothelial cells were noted in the repaired tissue. On days 5 to 7 after surgery, 3‐D observation of vascular casts clarified that these new blood vessels had a sinus‐like morphology in the interstitium of the periosteal vascular plexus. These new sinusoidal vessels exhibited a stereoscopic structure with increased continuity as the blood vessels matured and ultrastructurally the vascular endothelium was thinned.Conclusions: After mucoperiosteal flap elevation, the periosteal vasculature exhibited potent blood vessel‐forming activity through various angiogenic mechanisms and through repair activity. Our results provide a 3‐dimensional clarification that the periosteal vascular plexus has an important role in the healing process after flap surgery. J Periodontol 2005;76:1339‐1345.
Treatment of Wide, Shallow, and Predominantly 1‐Wall Intrabony Defects With a Bioabsorbable Membrane: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Aimetti M. , Romano F. , Pigella E. , Pranzini F. , Debernardi C. 
Published: August 2005

Background: The regenerative therapy of non‐contained intrabony defects achieves better results when bioabsorbable membranes are combined with a filling material. The purpose of the present study was to analyze clinical and radiographic effectiveness of a space‐making bioabsorbable membrane in the treatment of wide and shallow intrabony defects characterized by a relevant 1‐wall component.Methods: Eighteen pairs of angular bone defects were selected in 18 healthy, non‐smoking patients (age range 30 to 66 years). Prior to the surgical phase, patients were enrolled in a strict periodontal program including oral hygiene instructions and scaling and root planing (presurgical full‐mouth plaque score <10%). Using a split‐mouth design, 18 sites were randomly assigned to receive guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a bioabsorbable membrane (test group) and 18 to receive open flap debridement alone (control group). Clinical treatment outcome was evaluated 12 months postoperatively for changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and position of gingival margin (REC) and radiographically for bone changes.Results: Open flap debridement and GTR yielded statistically significant (P <0.0001) PD reduction (2.39 ± 0.92 mm and 3.44 ± 0.78 mm), CAL gain (1.50 ± 0.99 mm and 2.89 ± 0.90 mm), increased REC (−0.89 ± 0.58 mm and −0.56 ± 0.92 mm) and bone fill (1.05 ± 0.94 mm and 2.13 ± 1.21 mm) when 12‐month data were compared to baseline. The differences between test and control groups were statistically significant for all parameters (P <0.007) except for REC (P = 0.25).Conclusion: The use of this bioabsorbable membrane would seem to be effective in the treatment of intrabony defects with unfavorable architecture without the use of filling materials. J Periodontol 2005;76:1354‐1361.
Oral Contraceptives and Periodontal Diseases: Rethinking the Association Based Upon Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Authors: Taichman L. Susan , Eklund Stephen A. 
Published: August 2005

Background: Historic evidence suggests that use of high‐dose combined oral contraceptives (OCs) (containing >50 µg of estrogen and ≥1 mg progestin) places women at increased risk for periodontal diseases. Since the mid‐1970s, OC formulations have dramatically changed. This study investigated the association between OC use and periodontal diseases among 4,930 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I and 5,001 NHANES III premenopausal U.S. women, aged 17 to 50 years, before and after the reduction of hormone levels in OCs.Methods: Data for this cross‐sectional study came from the first (NHANES I, 1971 to 1974) and third (NHANES III, 1988 to 1994) NHANES studies.Results: The prevalence of OC use in the U.S. premenopausal female population in NHANES I was 22% and in NHANES III, 20%. Using multivariable logistic regression, a protective association between current OC use and gingivitis was suggestive but not significant in both NHANES I (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% con‐ fidence interval [CI]: 0.42 to 1.01) and NHANES III (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.02) surveys. Current OC use was also associated with a decreased risk of periodontal disease in NHANES I (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.96) and a non‐significant association in NHANES III (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.07).Conclusion: This analysis failed to validate the theory that earlier high‐ or current low‐dose OC use is associated with increased levels of gingivitis or periodontitis and suggests an important reexamination of the perceived association between OC use and periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2005;76:1374‐1385.
Small‐Amplitude Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Patil S. V. , Hoffmann P. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSmall amplitude Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a relatively new AFM technique which was specifically developed to perform linear measurements of nanomechanical phenomena. This is achieved by using ultra‐small cantilever amplitudes and very high sensitivity deflection sensors. Recently this technique has been used in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) and liquid environments to measure atomic and molecular forces and dynamics with high precision. Here we focus on three examples which are interesting from a nanoengineering standpoint: Atomic energy dissipation (atomic friction), atomic‐scale contact mechanics, and nanotribology/molecular ordering in confined liquid films.