bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal status of internally displaced persons
Authors: Doluda A.Yu. 
Published: December 2023

Over the past almost 10 years, Ukraine has experienced significant quantitative dynamics of internally displaced persons, becoming a leader in this indicator. Specifically, after the invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine in February 2022, the number of internally displaced persons increased to over 8 million. This issue has become a major challenge for the country, requiring not only government assistance but also active participation of the public and the development of new strategies for social support.
In light of global transformations and migration processes, the issue of the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons requires a new theoretical approach and consideration of international and national experience. The development of a legal social state in Ukraine demands not only the fulfillment of previously defined tasks but also the integration of new and innovative approaches.
In particular, emphasizing the role of civil organizations and civic activism becomes crucial for shaping social policies and ensuring citizen participation in decision-making and monitoring their implementation. The examination of the impact of global trends on national policy and the study of migration processes become relevant aspects.
Additionally, it is important to underscore the need for innovation in interactions with internally displaced persons, utilizing modern technologies to facilitate access to information and coordinate assistance. Educational and informational initiatives aimed at enhancing legal literacy among internally displaced persons become a vital element of their active participation in society and the protection of their rights.
Therefore, achieving the strategic goal of building a legal social state in Ukraine involves innovation, active civic participation, the use of modern technologies, and adaptation to global changes in society.
Development of education in Transcarpathia in 1944-1946 (analysis of normative legal acts of the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine)
Authors: Boldyzhar S. 
Published: December 2023

It is indicated that the educational process is one of the most important institutions of society, which ensures the reproduction and transfer of knowledge, abilities and skills formed by society in the course of historical development. It aims to prepare the next generations for life, to give them the opportunity to solve the current problems of society, to solve the issues of political, social, economic and cultural development.
This institute is formed from a number of interrelated structural elements covering the preparation of citizens for the realities of social and state life within preschool children's institutions, secondary special, vocational and technical and higher educational institutions. At the same time, the education process is not limited to studying in the relevant institutions, it continues continuously throughout life, which allows to improve and develop new forms and methods of managing society and the state.
The analysis of normative legal acts adopted by the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine in the field of educational activities was carried out.
In 1944-1945, after the liberation of the region from the Hungarian-German occupiers, in the face of the need to solve a number of economic and reconstruction tasks, the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine carried out significant activities in the cultural sphere. A large place among the related problems is occupied by the development of the system of educational institutions. In order to solve them, the authorities in Transcarpathia adopted more than thirty legal acts aimed at raising the general educational level of the region's population and preparing it for entry into the unified educational system of Soviet Ukraine.
Analysis of the main documents of this period allows us to conditionally divide them into three groups:

Resolutions and Decrees aimed at developing the system of educational institutions;
Acts directed to the provision of educational and pedagogical personnel;
Documents aimed at promoting the development of activities related to education and upbringing.

Thus, the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine tried to fully regulate activities related to the cultural and educational development and education of the population of Transcarpathia.
The role of legal constructions in rule-making activity
Authors: Lavrenko D.O. 
Published: December 2023

The scientific article examines questions regarding the naked role of legal constructions in rule-making activity. We can point out that it is the legal construction that plays its main role as one of the most important means of legal technique. We propose to consider the legal construction in the prism of rule-making activity. They are considered as a conceptual form of legal thinking, which can be expressed in a system of norms that specify a specific mechanism of legal regulation or its separate element. On the basis of the above, the definition of legal structures and their main role in rule-making activity is proposed. Legal constructions are a single and independent element of legal technique. We can note that there is currently a high level of scientists studying the role of legal constructions. This applies mainly to branch disciplines, and not to general theoretical research. Recently, new research on this role of legal construction is based on the modern views of scientists. New reasons for the origin of legal constructions and their main role are proposed. We can see that there are no clear opinions about the origin of the role of legal constructions.
Thus, we propose to consider the latest formation of concepts and their origin and to pay special attention to the definition of the role of constructions in rule-making activity. Attention is paid to the current topic of jurisprudence, related to the process of the defined role of constructions of legal activity with a practical component. The scientific novelty consists not only in the analysis of domestic literature, regarding the concept and the main role of legal constructions, but also in the latest views on this definition. At the same time, the problems of legal constructions until now have mostly sectoral (civil, criminal, administrative, family, financial, tax, social security, etc.) «coloring», which characterizes most of the research from the practical side.
Appeal of notarial deeds or refusal to perform them in court in Ukraine: historical and legal aspect of study (middle of the 14th - middle of the 17th century)
Authors: Dzhuha M. 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to judicial control over notarial activity during the Polish-Lithuanian rule on Ukrainian lands (mid-XIV - mid-XVII centuries).
The importance of conducting historical and legal studies of the institution of challenging notarial acts or refusal to perform them before the court is noted. The prerequisites for the formation of the notary institution in the specified time period are studied. In particular, it is indicated that the intensification of commodity-money relations led to the growth and development of various contractual forms of economic transactions. The practice of concluding contracts and other transactions in writing is gradually spreading, especially when the state begins to demand it. But private acts in Poland during the 14th and 15th centuries, and in Lithuania until the middle XVI century were treated as secondary evidence in contrast to witness statements. However, the situation is gradually changing with the emergence of the so- called "right of eternity”, which was expressed in the fact that a certain private document entered in the court record book received not just legal force, but became indisputable evidence in the event of a dispute in the future. It was not required to confirm or deny it with the testimony of witnesses.
The legal status of officials who, along with their main powers, were called to exercise powers of a notarial nature are being investigated. It is concluded that in this case it is not possible to talk about the introduction of the notary as an independent institution, since the official was primarily entrusted with the duties of performing the powers that were determined by his position (the voivode managed the voivodship, the headman managed the county, judges judged, the court clerk recorded procedural actions, etc.). The specified officials were at different levels of management and had different legal status. The resulting situation determined the peculiarity of judicial control over the activities of officials who recorded private acts in court books or made extracts from them. In particular, criminal or civil liability was assumed for improper maintenance of court books. On the basis of this, it is concluded that within the framework of criminal and civil legal means it was possible to control the behavior of officials who entered private acts in court books or made an extract from them. But this does not confirm the presence in the legislation of an independently developed procedure, not related to the imposition of criminal or property liability, the purpose of which would be exclusively to check the legality of the notarial action taken or its refusal.
Decisions of international commercial arbitration as an object of review by a court of civil jurisdiction
Authors: Nesterenko M. 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content and features of the international commercial arbitration decision. Attention is focused on the specified procedural document as the object of review by the judicial authority. At the same time, the relevance of the chosen topic for coverage in the scientific article is determined based on the data of judicial statistics and the importance of acquiring the finality by the decisions of the international commercial arbitration. From this point of view, the author analyzes the procedure of acquiring legal force and finality both of the decisions of the international commercial arbitration and of the judicial act of the appellate instance, which is adopted based on the results of the review of the arbitration decision.
Given the properties of the court decision, the work draws attention to the enforceability of the international commercial arbitration decision and other signs, the presence of which indicates the legal force and binding nature of the specified procedural document. In addition, a question is raised about the possibility of supplementing the objects of review by a court of civil jurisdiction of additional procedural documents of international commercial arbitration. In connection with this, the subject of consideration in the work is the types of decisions of international commercial arbitration and the requirements that such acts must meet. The review of the decisions of the specified arbitration by the court of appeal of civil jurisdiction is differentiated from the activity of the latter to review the decisions of the local court in the appellate procedure according to the rules of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the complete lack of level arrangement when applying to a judicial authority with a appeal to cancel an international commercial arbitration decision.
The conclusions note the need to improve the civil procedural legislation and international commercial arbitration in relation to the optimization of the objects of review of acts of the specified body. Along with this, the author does not support the proposal expressed in the scientific literature regarding the change of court jurisdiction for reviewing the decision of international commercial arbitration.
Implementation of subjective family rights
Authors: Serdechna I. 
Published: December 2023

In a scientific paper, the author explores the concept, principles and limits of the exercise of subjective family rights.
The concept of the exercise of family rights is defined as the actual actions of subjects of family legal relations, consist in the management of their personal non-property and property subjective rights, which are defined by the norms of family law.
It is noted that the peculiarities of the exercise of rights by subjects of family legal relations are evident in determining the moment from which the process of implementation of subjective law will begin. Subjects of family legal relations exercise subjective rights independently and at their own discretion.
In the exercise of family rights, subjects of legal relations are guided by societeoretic principles, ideas that in science have been called «principles of the exercise of subjective rights.»
The author highlights the basic principles of the exercise of subjective family rights: 1) participants in family legal relations have different subjective rights; 2) rights and obligations exist in connection with the family; 3) subjects of family legal relations exercise their rights freely, at their own discretion, without violating the rights, freedoms and interests of others; 4) the subject of family legal relations may not lose family law; 5) in the exercise of family subjective rights, participants of legal relations must observe the moral foundations of society; 5) the exercise of family rights may take place depending on the nature of the right by one-time, periodic actions or continuous activities.
An important issue that requires research in the context of the exercise of rights by subjects of family relations is the notion of «limits on the exercise of subjective rights.» As a general rule, participants in family legal relations exercise family rights at their discretion, but this does not indicate absolute freedom in their actions.
Legal status of neural: through the prism of judicial practice
Authors: Ulanska M. 
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the practical side of understanding neural networks in the legal aspect on the basis of case law of the USA, UK, Australia, EU and China and foreign legislation, in particular, the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; the Digital Millennium Copyright Act; the Indian Copyright Act; the Irish Copyright and Related Rights Act; the New Zealand Copyright Act, with practical examples.
The following main aspects of neural networks functioning are mentioned: copyright subjects; the place of the object generated by a neural network in the legal dimension; neural network training materials, ways of obtaining them, and conflict issues.
The current case law on neural networks and objects generated by them is divided into the following thematic groups: disputes concerning the determination of the copyright holder, establishment of legal personality and aimed at confirming the universal rule regarding an individual as an author; cases focusing on the possibility of copyright protection of specific objects generated by a particular neural network; disputes concerning the formation of a legal dimension for neural network training materials.
Modeled groups of situations that may be reflected in different circumstances of the functioning of a neural network and artificial intelligence. The author emphasizes the legally significant component of a neural network. Attention is drawn to the doctrine of fair use and the concept of «temporary acts of reproduction», together with their sources and main features. Potentially negative consequences of copyright infringement by neural networks are also outlined.
As conclusions, identified gaps in the legal regulation of neural networks and objects generated by them, which is reflected, in particular, in the lack of practical significance of a number of legal norms and doctrines in the context of dispute resolution and the existence of contradictions in the ideas regarding the criteria of originality and important nuances in cases of establishing or denying copyright infringement within the process of training neural networks on specific materials. The author emphasizes the need for further research in the field of law and technology.
The influence of legal awareness on the effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations
Authors: Anatiychuk V. 
Published: December 2023

The article under studies reveals the impact of legal awareness on the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations. It highlights that legal awareness is a universal form of action of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations and a factor of its effectiveness. Legal awareness actively influences the elements of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations, as well as experiences a similar effect on itself. The article points out that legal awareness reflects the legal relations between employees and employers in the course of labor activity both within an enterprise (institution, organization) and beyond it, including social relations. Thereby, the scope of legal awareness includes personal, socio-economi and political rights that significantly affect its substantive component.
The article proves that legal awareness of an employee and an employer is formed under the influence of economic and social conditions. Legal awareness is a form of reflecting social phenomena and the processes taking place at an enterprise, institution or organization in the course of performing the employee's labor function, and the employer's management processes through a system of legal assessments, views and ideas. Legal awareness reflects the employee's attitude to the employer and the personnel, as well as assesses it in terms of the efficiency of the enterprise, payment of proper wages, creation of proper working conditions, its protection and other needs of the employee, and his or her motivation to work.
The effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations in general and its stages in particular depend on the level of legal awareness of an employee and an employer, since the processes of formation of local legal norms and their implementation in actual relations are not possible without the volitional conscious behavior of the subjects of labor relations. The article summarizes that from the standpoint of labor law, legal awareness can be viewed through such categories as assessment, need, motivation, skills, and attitude to work.
The article concludes that legal awareness of the parties to labor relations is a functional subjective and evaluative factor, which affects the mechanism of legal regulation of labor relations from the standpoint of ensuring its efficiency, further functioning and development with a view to its compliance with the established principles of labor law as an independent branch and the concept of justice.
Fire training of cadets of the Military Academy with specific conditions of training under martial law
Authors: Timofeev V. , Dusyak O. , Krysko V. 
Published: December 2023

The activity of law enforcement officers in the National Police entails significant responsibility, requiring them to be highly disciplined and knowledgeable in their work, guided solely by the Constitution of Ukraine and Ukrainian legislation. Human life, honor, and dignity are the most valuable assets in our state. To ensure law and order and protect the lives and health of the population, law enforcement officers undergo relevant training in firearms, tactical, and psychological readiness. Knowledge of firearms training is essential, as when using firearms, a police officer must be well- versed not only in the technical aspects of weapons but also in the legal framework that governs the use of firearms.
Firearms training in the police is designed to enhance the skills and resilience of cadets in shooting, increase their attentiveness and vigilance, and elevate their level of discipline. Equipped with these skills, cadets can confidently perform their duties, responding promptly to changing situations and fulfilling their professional obligations. In order to learn how to work with firearms, cadets must also acquire skills in tactical and special operations, practicing in creating optimal shooting positions, analyzing and assessing the terrain, conducting shooting, and making quick decisions. Cadets must have a clear understanding of when the use of force is permissible, anticipate the potential consequences, and know how to report the use of firearms to their superiors.
Although firearms training in the National Police demands a comprehensive set of knowledge and skills, it is of paramount importance, considering that every police officer risks their life in the line of duty to protect the community and its citizens. A well-prepared police officer is the key to successful crime prevention and the preservation of public safety. Therefore, firearms training for cadets in the police is an essential element that ensures the safety of urban residents and fosters proficiency in police operations. Discipline in firearms training is a fundamental aspect of education in institutions of higher learning with specific training conditions. This work emphasizes the significance of this subject overall and the peculiarities of such training in wartime conditions.
General characteristics of the crypto industry, assessment of the degree and prospects of its further integration into the national economic sector
Authors: Hurin B. 
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to a set of questions regarding the general characteristics of the crypto industry, assessment of the degree and prospects of its further integration into the national economic sector. It is emphasized and proven that the rapid capitalization and popularization of cryptocurrency means of circulation caused the dynamic development of the crypto industry in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the need for meaningful research of this phenomenon, based on a basic understanding of the functional capabilities of its representatives, as well as the potential of cryptocurrencies themselves as promising means of circulation.
The central category «cryptoindustry» is studied and explored, which also involves a meaningful analysis of the original term «industry». On the basis of the above, taking into account legislative realities and author's considerations, the vision of the concept of «cryptoindustry» is expressed. For the completeness and comprehensiveness of the presentation of scientific opinion, the specified definition is compared with a similar term - «system».
It is argued that the specified industry in Ukraine is represented by a wide range of subjects of public and private law relations, which are usually structurally and (or) functionally unrelated, but all or part of their tasks (intentions) are oriented towards achieving local goals within the subject area. The features of the crypto industry as an independent legal category have been formed and characterized.
It has been established that the crypto industry is beginning to be reflected in the economic component by making its significant adjustments. It is emphasized that we are talking about the emergence of new ones, the development and qualitative diversification of some existing spheres of economic relations, integrating more and more noticeably into various branches of the specified sector.
A natural conclusion was made that, in view of the further capitalization and popularization of cryptocurrencies, as well as the active involvement of the state in these processes, the stable development of the crypto industry itself should be expected. Based on this, the assumption of a decrease in demand for some traditional methods of settlement and turnover in favor of crypto­currency means and, accordingly, its growth and role in economic relations, was also made.