bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A role for olestra in body weight management
Authors: Eldridge A. L. , Cooper D. A. , Peters J. C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryOlestra is a fat substitute made from fatty acids esterified to sucrose and can be used in the preparation of virtually any food made with fat. Foods made with olestra retain the mouthfeel, palatability and satiating effects of their full‐fat counterparts without providing any digestible energy. Because olestra provides no energy, it has the potential to be a useful tool in weight loss and weight maintenance. Short‐term studies of olestra replacement in foods demonstrate that fat replacement leads to a net reduction in fat intake. When excess total energy is available, fat replacement also reduces total energy intake in lean and obese men and women. In longer‐term studies in which olestra is incorporated into the daily diet, there is an incomplete compensation for the fat energy replaced by olestra. When overweight men consumed olestra as part of a varied diet over nine months, weight loss continued for the duration of the study, whereas individuals receiving a typical low‐fat diet regained most of the initial weight lost. Other studies are underway to examine the usefulness of olestra in long‐term weight maintenance following weight loss. Post‐marketing surveillance of olestra foods in the United States indicates that substitution of olestra for only 1–2 g of fat d−1 may be sufficient to prevent
the average weight gain reported in adults of 0.5–1.0 kg year−1.
Impact of immune interventions on proviral HIV‐1 DNA decay in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Lafeuillade A , Poggi C , Chadapaud S , Hittinger G , Khiri H , Halfon P 
Published: March 2003

Objective  To measure the evolution of proviral HIV‐1 DNA levels in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared to those treated with HAART plus interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and hydroxyurea.Design  Prospective randomised trial.Methods  Twenty‐two HIV‐1 infected patients were randomly assigned to a five‐drug antiretroviral regimen for 72 weeks, with or without IL‐2, followed by a three‐drug regimen up to week 120 with additional hydroxyurea in patients having received IL‐2. HIV‐1 DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured regularly using the Amplicor Monitor kit from Roche Diagnostics (Meylan, France). Potentially infectious HIV‐1 was cultured in enhanced conditions from circulating CD4 T cells at week 120.Results  During the study period of 120 weeks, HIV‐1 DNA levels in PBMC decreased by −1.1 log in patients treated with HAART only compared with −1.8 log in patients with additional IL‐2 and hydroxyurea. A two‐phase decay rate was observed, with an inflexion point at 12 weeks. The second decay was slow, with mean half‐lives of 130.1 ± 21.3 weeks and 95.1 ± 26.3 weeks for patients on HAART and those receiving additional IL‐2 and hydroxyurea, respectively. At week 120, one out of 11 patients with HAART alone compared to six out of 11 in the group with IL‐2 and hydroxyurea had undetectable proviral DNA levels and three of them had unsuccessful recovery of replication‐competent HIV‐1 from blood CD4 T cells.Conclusion  Therapeutic strategies combining HAART and immune interventions have higher potency to decrease the number of infected cells than HAART alone.
Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV‐1 clinical isolates
Authors: Lafeuillade A , Poggi C , Hittinger G , Chadapaud S 
Published: March 2003

Objective To assess phenotypic and genotypic cross‐resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in patients treated with a combination including zidovudine, who were switched to a combination including stavudine.Methods We analysed 24 clinical HIV‐1 isolates from 12 patients before and several months after therapeutic switching. Plasma HIV‐1 RNA was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Roche). Genotypic resistance was measured by sequencing the reverse transcriptase gene from plasma HIV‐1 RNA. Phenotypic resistance was measured using a recombinant assay (Virco).Results Patients were treated with a combination including zidovudine for a mean (± SEM) period of 21.8 ± 3.5 months and had a plasma viral load of 4.1 ± 0.2 log HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL (time 1). After a mean period of 19.3 ± 1.6 months following the therapeutic change, the plasma viral load was 3.6 ± 0.1 log copies/mL (time 2). At time 1, genotypic resistance to zidovudine was found in all cases (41L: four cases; 41L, 215Y: five cases; 41L, 210W, 215Y: two cases; K70R: one case) with a mean 6.6 ± 1.6‐fold increase in the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) to zidovudine and 1.7 ± 0.4‐fold to stavudine. At time 2, genotypic resistance to zidovudine was found in 11 out of 12 cases (41L: two cases; 41L, 215Y: six cases; 41L, 210W, 215Y: two cases; M41L, D67N, L210W, T215Y: one case) with a mean 18.9 ± 8.8‐fold increase in the IC50 to zidovudine and 1.4 ± 0.4‐fold to stavudineConclusions In this clinical series of patients with suboptimal control of plasma HIV‐1 RNA using a combination including zidovudine, the presence of zidovudine‐related mutations was associated with a decreased phenotypic sensitivity to this drug. Despite persistent HIV‐1 replication, switching to stavudine was associated with a further decrease in phenotypic sensitivity to zidovudine but not to stavudine after 19 months. These data suggest that stavudine remains a possible option in zidovudine‐experienced patients.
Lentiginous macules and patches of neurofibromatosis (an approach to better terminology)
Authors: Amer M , Mostafa FF , Nasr AN 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and objectivesFreckles (ephelides) are small, light brown macules of sun‐exposed areas in fair‐skinned subjects. On the other hand, freckle‐like pigmentation of the axilla is a highly characteristic feature of neurofibromatosis. To what extent (clinically and pathologically) are the two pigmentary defects similar? And to what extent are café‐au‐lait patches and freckle‐like lesions similar pathologically?Subjects and methodsTen cases of neurofibromatosis and 10 cases of freckles were examined clinically. Two biopsies were taken from the former; one obtained from an axillary freckle‐like lesion, and the other from a café‐au‐lait patch. One biopsy only was taken from freckles. The biopsies were processed for haematoxylin and eosin, silver stain and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsObvious differences were detected between freckles (ephelides) and freckle‐like lesions in cases of neurofibromatosis. Café‐au‐lait patches and freckle‐like lesions showed the same pathological changes of lentigo simplex, with increased melanin pigment from the basal layer up to the stratum corneum, moderate elongation of the rete ridges and mild inflammatory infiltrate intermingled with melanophages. Electron microscopy revealed an increase in melanocyte number and the presence of giant melanin granules in freckle‐like pigmentation as well as café‐au‐lait patches. These ultrastructural freckles (ephelides) showed an increase in activity but not the number of melanocytes.ConclusionsThe term freckle‐like should be changed to lentiginous macules of neurofibromatosis. On the other hand, the café‐au‐lait patches should be considered as lentiginous patches. Freckles should be restricted to sun‐exposed areas in fair‐skinned persons only.
PIBI(D)S: clinical and molecular characterization of a new case
Authors: Belloni Fortina A , Alaibac M , Piaserico S , Peserico A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe term PIBI(D)S has been used to indicate a rare recessively inherited genetic disorder characterized by photosensitivity, mild non‐congenital ichthyosis, brittle sulphur‐deficient hair with trichoschisis (trichothiodystrophy), impaired intelligence, occasionally decreased fertility and short stature. To the best of our knowledge, about 20 cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report the characterization of the hair, brain, ultraviolet sensitivity and DNA excision repair defects of a new patient affected by PIBI(D)S. The diagnosis of PIBI(D)S syndrome was made in our patient on the basis of the clinical features and then confirmed by hair microscopy and biochemical analysis. Our patient has increased muscular tone, alteration of the deep tendon reflexes and psychomotor retardation, all consistent with hypomyelination of the brain showed by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. A deficiency of DNA repair capacity was demonstrated in our patient. Furthermore, complementation analysis by cell fusion assigned our patient to xeroderma pigmentosum group D. The nucleotide excision repair defect of the other reported patients with PIBI(D)S falls generally into the same group as xeroderma pigmentosum group D and carry a mutation on the same repair gene (XPD). The relationship between these molecular characteristics and the clinical spectrum of PIBI(D)S is discussed.
Idiopathic photodermatoses: clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects
Authors: Lecha M 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIdiopathic photodermatoses are a group of photosensitivity dermatoses, which are not very frequent with the exception of polymorphous light eruption. Therefore, their recognition may not be easy for dermatologists who are not familiar with photosensitivity diseases.Learning objective The information in this review is intended for giving clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic clues for the correct management of patients. Clinical features will be described together with diagnostic relevant procedures and usual therapeutic measures.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with onset in early childhood: a case report
Authors: Navarro M , Requena C , Febrer I , Marin S , Aliaga A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a tumour that grows locally, infiltrating the subcutaneous tissue; it is uncommon in children. We report the case of a 27‐year‐old man who had had such a lesion from the age of 3 years, and it had enlarged during his lifetime. A wide local excision with margins of 3.0 cm was performed, but the lesion was not entirely removed. This is a new report of infantile dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and this case reflects the need for Mohs micrographic surgery.
Supravenous hyperpigmentation, transverse leuconychia and transverse melanonychia after chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease
Authors: Lang K , Groeger M , Neumann NJ , Ruzicka T , Fritsch C 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPigmentary abberations of the skin, mucosa and epidermal appendages are common side‐effects after systemic treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. These pigment changes appear in different patterns and are partly quite typical for the applied chemotherapeutic drug. The pathogenesis of the different skin pigmentations are not well known. The most often discussed causes are the stimulation of melanocytes, involvement of the tyrosinase enzyme system and thrombophlebitis with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation by the aggressive substances. Nail discolorations are mainly due to direct toxic effects and stimulation of the matrix melanocytes. We report a rare event of supravenous hyperpigmentation, transverse leuconychia and melanonychia after chemotherapy of a patient suffering from Hodgkin’s disease.
Verrucous herpes of the scrotum in a human immunodeficiency virus‐positive man: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Carrasco DA , Trizna Z , Colome‐Grimmer M , Tyring SK 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of a 28‐year‐old human immunodeficiency virus‐positive man. He presented with confluent verrucous papules and nodules on his scrotum that were due to herpes simplex infection.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising on chronic osteomyelitis
Authors: Foti C , Giannelli G , Berloco A , Mascolo V , Ingravallo G , Giardina C 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case of a primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the skin (MFH) arising on chronic osteomyelitis in a 67‐year‐old woman. Although this condition seems to be a predisposing factor for the onset of the malignancy, MFH complicating chronic osteomyelitis is generally localized at the level of the bone tissue. In the case we report the neoplasm was primitively localized at the dermal and subcutaneous level and presented as a rapidly growing mass.
Erythema annulare centrifugum: report of a case with neonatal onset
Authors: Bottoni U , Innocenzi D , Bonaccorsi P , Carlesimo M , Faina P , Richetta A , Cugini P , Calvieri S 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDarier's erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is often associated with infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic disease, nevertheless, most cases of EAC remain unexplained. We report a case of EAC with neonatal onset and a clinical course of over 20 years. The patient presented from the 6th day of life with erythematous papules that enlarged centrifugally to form figurate, annular or policyclic plaques involving the entire cutaneous surface. The clinical picture had a chronic course, disappearing only during unrelated febrile episodes. Histologic examination revealed a normal epidermis and a dense perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and numerous eosinophils in the superficial and reticular dermis. Today the patient is 24 years old and his lesions are still unchanged. Recently, clinical evaluation revealed a diffuse sclerodermic induration. A second biopsy showed a diffuse thickening of collagen fibers in the dermis. To our knowledge, this is the second report of EAC with neonatal onset and such a long and peculiar clinical course.
Lymphadenopathy detected by ultrasound examination as first diagnostic hint of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in a patient with melanoma
Authors: Schmid‐Wendtner M‐H , Lebeau A , Sander CA , Volkenandt M , Emmerich B , Wendtner C‐M 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent reports indicate that patients with malignant melanoma might be at higher risk for developing a non‐cutaneous unrelated second malignancy. We describe the case of a 46‐year‐old woman who had a malignant melanoma on her right shoulder that was treated in 1998 by surgical excision combined with axillary lymph node dissection. In 1999, ultrasound examination of peripheral lymph nodes revealed one suspicious echopoor structure in the woman's right axilla that was not palpable. Diagnostic excision and histopathological examination revealed a small B‐cell lymphocytic lymphoma, and further investigations led to a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic B‐cell leukaemia (B‐CLL). We would like to point out the value of high‐resolution ultrasound examination in the follow‐up of patients with malignant melanoma; this examination can detect early metastasis as well as other unrelated malignancies.
The Development and Evaluation of a Deaf Awareness Training Course for Support Staff
Authors: McMillan L. , Bunning K. , Pring T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHearing impairments are common in people with intellectual disabilities and contribute to their communication difficulties. Those who care for and communicate with them need to be aware of this problem and of any strategies which may compensate for a hearing loss. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a Deaf Awareness Training Course for support workers of adults with intellectual disabilities. Questionnaires assessed knowledge of hearing impairment, hearing aid management and the use of strategies to facilitate communication. Knowledge prior to the course was poor despite previous experience of caring for people with intellectual disabilities. Those attending the course significantly improved their knowledge and use of strategies compared to a control group. Further research is needed to assess whether gains made in training of this kind are transferred to the support of people with intellectual disabilities.
Early Intervention or Early Incarceration? Using a Screening Test for Intellectual Disability in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Hayes Susan Carol 
Published: March 2003

SummaryBackground  People with an intellectual disability are significantly over‐represented in the criminal justice system in many Western jurisdictions; early identification in the system is important if they are to receive appropriate services, protection, diversion and rehabilitation.Methods  The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT) and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) were compared with the Hayes Ability Screening Index (HASI), developed from a battery of items. In total, 567 adult and juvenile offenders, in custodial and community settings, were tested.Results  Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that the final version of the HASI was as effective as the KBIT or the VABS in predicting results on the other test. Correlation coefficients between the HASI, the KBIT and VABS were significant.Conclusions  The HASI is an effective screening instrument for determining offenders who may have an intellectual disability and need to be referred for full‐scale diagnostic assessment.
Teaching Food Preparation Skills to People with Intellectual Disabilities: a Literature Overview
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , O'Reilly Mark F. 
Published: March 2003

Background  Food preparation skills are considered very relevant for people with intellectual disabilities. This paper reviewed research studies teaching these skills through the use of pictorial instructions or systematic prompting strategies.Methods  Computerized and hard searches led to the identification of: 12 studies using pictorial instructions on cards; four studies using pictorial instructions through computers; seven studies using systematic prompting (time delay or prompted practice of incorrect task steps), and three studies combining time delay with cards.Results  The overall training outcomes were quite encouraging. Maintenance and generalization data tended to be in line with the training outcomes. The findings for the different teaching approaches were analysed in relation to the characteristics of the participants, number and complexity of the tasks available, data collection strategies as well as relevant literature on intellectual disabilities. The suitability of the teaching approaches for different types of people and environments and some relevant issues for future research were also examined.
The characterization of uterine tumors by transvaginal color Doppler
Authors: Kurjak A. , Žalud I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using transvaginal color Doppler and spectral analysis to differentiate between malignant and benign uterine tumors. This method was performed on 308 patients with uterine tumors before gynecological surgery. The final diagnosis was made following pathological examination of the uterus. There were 291 benign and 17 malignant uterine tumors.Tumor arterial blood flow was detected in 134 (58%) patients with myoma (RI = 0.58 ± 0.12 SD), 23 (42.6%) patients with adenomyosis (RI = 0.67 ± 0.14), 12 (92.3%) patients with endometrial carcinoma (RI = 0.34 ± 0.05)) three (100%) patients with uterine sarcoma (RI = 0.31 ± 0.03) and in one case (100%) of sarcoma botryoides (RI = 0.33). Blood flow was not detected in patients with endometriotic cysts (n = 6). The comparison of RI between patients with uterine myoma and endometrial cancer showed a significantly lower RI in the cases of endometrial carcinoma (t = 13.5; p < 0.01). Our results showed that transvaginal color Doppler has potential in the non‐invasive differentiation of benign and malignant uterine tumors. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal toxoplasmosis: ultrasonographic signs
Authors: Hohlfeld P. , MacAleese J. , Capella‐Pavlovski M. , Giovangrandi Y. , Thulliez P. , Forestier F. , Daffos F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEighty‐nine cases of proven Toxoplasma gondii fetal infection were studied in order to describe the morphological lesions which could be demonstrated on ultrasound examination; these were present in 32 of the infected cases. Cerebral ventricular dilatation was the most common sign and was generally bilateral and symmetrical. Its evolution was always very rapid over a period of a few days. Other signs observed included intracranial and intrahepatic densities, increased thickness and hyperdensity of the placenta, ascites and rarely pericardial and pleural effusions. Thirteen fetuses demonstrated two or more ultrasound features. Intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly were not observed. Ultrasonographic assessment of the fetus injected with Toxoplasma gondii is important. It improves the reliability of prenatal diagnosis and is of important prognostic value in cases with severe brain lesions, but is of little value in detecting brain necrosis without ventricular dilatation. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies: results of a multicenter study of 529 cases
Authors: Pruggmayer M. R. K. , Jahoda M. G. J. , Van der Pol J. G. , Baumann P. , Holzgreve W. , Karkut G. , Lettau R. , Eiben B. , Osmers R. , Gola H. W. , Duda V. , Polak P. , Körner H. , Schulte‐Valentin M. , Schütte H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo evaluate the risk of abortion after genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies, a retrospective study of 15 centers was performed. The spontaneous abortion rate up to 20 completed weeks of gestation was 2.3%; the abortion rate up to 28 completed weeks, as defined by WHO, was 3.7%. The abortion rate could not be correlated either with the number of needle insertions or with the type of marker dye used. There was also no correlation between the abortion rate and the gestational age at which amniocentesis was performed. A significant association was shown between congenital intestinal obstructions and the application of methylene blue intra‐amniotically as a marker dye. Considering the increased natural loss rate in multiple gestations, amniocentesis in twin pregnancies seems to be a safe and reliable technique. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Indomethacin and amniocentesis‐induced changes in fetal flow velocity waveforms
Authors: Weinraub Z. , Avrech O. M. , Golan A. , Zabow P. , Ron‐El R. , Bukovsky I. , Caspi E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of genetic amniocentesis on flow velocity waveforms in the fetal aorta and the umbilical artery, and fetal heart rate and their correlation with uterine contractions was examined in 75 pregnant women who underwent this procedure. Forty‐three were untreated and 32 were pretreated with indomethacin. Median maternal age was 36 years and median gestational age was 18 weeks. The resistance index of waveforms from the fetal aorta was stable at 0.8 throughout the approximately 20‐h study period in both groups, but the systolic/diastolic ratio in the umbilical artery increased significantly after amniocentesis in the untreated group, and remained stable in the treated group. Fetal heart rate remained at about 150 beats/min throughout all measurements in both groups. These findings indicate that genetic amniocentesis causes an increase in downstream resistance in the umbilical artery which, however, remains within normal limits. This mild fetoplacental response to amniocentesis can be suppressed by the administration of a potent prostaglandin inhibitor like indomethacin. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology