bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Loss Reduction Below Two‐Level System Saturation in Aluminum Superconducting Resonators
Authors: Tai Tamin , Cai Jingnan , Anlage Steven M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSuperconducting resonators are widely used in many applications such as qubit readout for quantum computing, and kinetic inductance detectors. These resonators are susceptible to numerous loss and noise mechanisms, especially the dissipation due to two‐level systems (TLS) which become the dominant source of loss in the few‐photon and low temperature regime. In this study, capacitively‐coupled aluminum half‐wavelength coplanar waveguide resonators are investigated. Surprisingly, the loss of the resonators is observed to decrease with a lowering temperature at low excitation powers and temperatures below the TLS saturation. This behavior is attributed to the reduction of the TLS resonant response bandwidth with decreasing temperature and power to below the detuning between the TLS and the resonant photon frequency in a discrete ensemble of TLS. When response bandwidths of TLS are smaller than their detunings from the resonance, the resonant response and thus the loss is reduced. At higher excitation powers, the loss follows a logarithmic power dependence, consistent with predictions from the generalized tunneling model (GTM). A model combining the discrete TLS ensemble with the GTM is proposed and matches the temperature and power dependence of the measured internal loss of the resonator with reasonable parameters.
The association between various viral infections and multiple sclerosis: An umbrella review on systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bakhshi Arash , Eslami Narges , Norouzi Naeim , Letafatkar Negin , Amini‐Salehi Ehsan , Hassanipour Soheil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the immune‐mediated demyelinating disorders. Multiple components, including the environment and genetics, are possible factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Also, it can be said that infections are a key component of the host's response to MS development. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between different pathogens and MS disease in this umbrella research. We systematically collected and analysed multiple meta‐analyses focused on one particular topic. We utilised the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases starting with inception until 30 May 2023. The methodological quality of the analysed meta‐analysis has been determined based on Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 and Grade, and graph construction and statistical analysis were conducted using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis. The Confidence Interval of effect size was 95% in meta‐analyses, and p < 0.05 indicated a statistically meaningful relationship. The included studies evaluated the association between MS and 12 viruses containing SARS‐CoV‐2, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B virus, varicella–zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), HHV‐7, HHV‐8, HSV‐1, HSV‐2, Cytomegalovirus, Human Papillomavirus, and influenza. SARS‐CoV‐2, with a 3.74 odds ratio, has a significantly more potent negative effect on MS among viral infections. After that, EBV, HHV‐6, HSV‐2, and VZV, respectively, with 3.33, 2.81, 1.76, and 1.72 odds ratios, had a significantly negative relationship with MS (p < 0.05). Although the theoretical evidence mostly indicates that EBV has the greatest effect on MS, recent epidemiological studies have challenged this conclusion and put forward possibilities that SARS‐CoV‐2 is the culprit. Hence, it was necessary to investigate the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 and EBV on MS.
Unified synchronization and fault‐tolerant anti‐disturbance control for synchronization of multiple memristor‐based neural networks
Authors: Satheesh T. , Sakthivel R. , Aravinth N. , Karimi H.R. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis work primarily concentrates on the design of fault‐tolerant anti‐disturbance control for synchronization of multiple memristor‐based neural networks subject to time delay, matched and mismatched disturbances. Moreover, in the addressed network model, we consider parameter uncertainties and actuator faults. Firstly in order to estimate the matched disturbances generated by the exogenous system, a disturbance observer is devised. Whereas, the mismatched part is tackled by employing the mixed and passivity performance indexes. Subsequently, a unified controller is designed by incorporating error feedback control and the disturbance estimate. Further, with the assistance of Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality technique, an adequate criteria is procured to ascertain the required synchronization criteria for the assayed network model with the mixed and passivity performance indexes. Following this, by basing on the established conditions, the explicit form of the controller and observer gain matrices is obtained. In the end, a numerical example with simulation results is shown to confirm the potential and usefulness of the conclusions acquired from the theoretical analysis.
Vitamin C supplementation alleviates hypercortisolemia caused by chronic stress
Authors: Beglaryan Narine , Hakobyan Gagik , Nazaretyan Eduard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation can lower plasma levels of Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulphate (DHEA‐S) in patients diagnosed with functional hypercortisolemia due to unspecified chronic stress. Study includes data from 69 female with elevations in the cortisol and DHEA‐S levels. Duration of follow‐up was 2 months. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I included patients 23 with elevated cortisol, Group II—patients 24 with elevated levels of both hormones, Group III‐ patients 22 with normal cortisol and increased DHEA‐S. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup was prescribed 1000 mg daily oral dose of AA. The diet of the second subgroup were left unaltered. All patients have their hormones levels re‐examined 2 months later. After 2 months of AA supplementation the mean levels of elevated plasma cortisol and DHEA‐S decreased. In Group I the level of cortisol fell from 780 ± 57–446 ± 26 nmol/L, p = 0.000065 in Group II from 657 ± 47–515 ± 29 nmol/L, p = 0.005. The elevated levels of DHEA‐S have also declined in patients from AA‐treated subgroups (from 13.9 ± 1.6–9.9 ± 1.2, p = 0.0007 in Group II, and from 12.8 ± 1.0–7.8 ± 1.4, p = 0.003 in Group III). In untreated subgroups changes in hormone levels were insignificant. The study shows that female patients with functional hypercortisolemia or elevated levels of DHEA‐S can be treated with AA to bring level of these hormones closer to a normal range.
Label‐Free Single Nanoparticle Identification and Characterization in Demanding Environment, Including Infectious Emergent Virus
Authors: Nguyen Minh‐Chau , Bonnaud Peter , Dibsy Rayane , Maucort Guillaume , Lyonnais Sébastien , Muriaux Delphine , Bon Pierre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnknown particle screening—including virus and nanoparticles—are keys in medicine, industry, and also in water pollutant determination. Here, RYtov MIcroscopy for Nanoparticles Identification (RYMINI) is introduced, a staining‐free, non‐invasive, and non‐destructive optical approach that is merging holographic label‐free 3D tracking with high‐sensitivity quantitative phase imaging into a compact optical setup. Dedicated to the identification and then characterization of single nano‐object in solution, it is compatible with highly demanding environments, such as level 3 biological laboratories, with high resilience to external source of mechanical and optical noise. Metrological characterization is performed at the level of each single particle on both absorbing and transparent particles as well as on immature and infectious HIV, SARS‐CoV‐2 and extracellular vesicles in solution. The capability of RYMINI to determine the nature, concentration, size, complex refractive index and mass of each single particle without knowledge or model of the particles’ response is demonstrated. The system surpasses 90% accuracy for automatic identification between dielectric/metallic/biological nanoparticles and ≈80% for intraclass chemical determination of metallic and dielectric. It falls down to 50–70% for type determination inside the biological nanoparticle's class.
Unraveling the Heterointegration of 3D Semiconductors on Graphene by Anchor Point Nucleation
Authors: Diallo Thierno Mamoudou , Hanuš Tadeáš , Patriarche Gilles , Ruediger Andreas , Boucherif Abderraouf 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe heterointegration of graphene with semiconductor materials and the development of graphene‐based hybrid functional devices are heavily bound to the control of surface energy. Although remote epitaxy offers one of the most appealing techniques for implementing 3D/2D heterostructures, it is only suitable for polar materials and is hugely dependent on the graphene interface quality. Here, the growth of defect‐free single‐crystalline germanium (Ge) layers on a graphene‐coated Ge substrate is demonstrated by introducing a new approach named anchor point nucleation (APN). This powerful approach based on graphene surface engineering enables the growth of semiconductors on any type of substrate covered by graphene. Through plasma treatment, defects such as dangling bonds and nanoholes, which act as preferential nucleation sites, are introduced in the graphene layer. These experimental data unravel the nature of those defects, their role in nucleation, and the mechanisms governing this technique. Additionally, high‐resolution transmission microscopy combined with geometrical phase analysis established that the as‐grown layers are perfectly single‐crystalline, stress‐free, and oriented by the substrate underneath the engineered graphene layer. These findings provide new insights into graphene engineering by plasma and open up a universal pathway for the heterointegration of high‐quality 3D semiconductors on graphene for disruptive hybrid devices.
Flexible Pressure Sensors in Human–Machine Interface Applications
Authors: Xu Chengsheng , Chen Jing , Zhu Zhengfang , Liu Moran , Lan Ronghua , Chen Xiaohong , Tang Wei , Zhang Yan , Li Hui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlexible sensors are highly flexible, malleable, and capable of adapting todifferent shapes, surfaces, and environments, which opens a wide range ofpotential applications in the field of human‐machine interface (HMI). Inparticular, flexible pressure sensors as a crucial member of the flexiblesensor family, are widely used in wearable devices, health monitoringinstruments, robots and other fields because they can achieve accuratemeasurement and convert the pressure into electrical signals. The mostintuitive feeling that flexible sensors bring to people is the change ofhuman‐machine interface interaction, from the previous rigid interaction suchas keyboard and mouse to flexible interaction such as smart gloves, more inline with people's natural control habits. Many advanced flexible pressuresensors have emerged through extensive research and development, and to adaptto various fields of application. Researchers have been seeking to enhanceperformance of flexible pressure sensors through improving materials, sensingmechanisms, fabrication methods, and microstructures. This paper reviews the flexible pressure sensors in HMI in recent years, mainlyincluding the following aspects: current cutting‐edge flexible pressuresensors; sensing mechanisms, substrate materials and active materials; sensorfabrication, performances, and their optimization methods; the flexiblepressure sensors for various HMI applications and their prospects.
A Smart Bacteria‐Capture‐Killing Vector for Effectively Treating Osteomyelitis Through Synergy Under Microwave Therapy
Authors: Ren Jinzhi , Qiao Yuqian , Jin Liguo , Mao Congyang , Wang Chaofeng , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Li Zhaoyang , Cui Zhenduo , Jiang Hui , Zhu Shengli , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteomyelitis caused by deep tissue infections is difficult to cure through phototherapy due to the poor penetration depth of the light. Herein, Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH nanorod composites (Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH) with nanoscale tip convex structures are successfully fabricated as a microwave‐responsive smart bacteria‐capture‐killing vector. Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH exhibited excellent magnetic targeting and bacteria‐capturing ability due to its magnetism and high selectivity affinity to the amino groups on the surface of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Under microwave irradiation, Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH efficiently treated S. aureus‐infected osteomyelitis through the synergistic effects of microwave thermal therapy, microwave dynamic therapy, and copper ion therapy. It is calculated the electric field intensity in various regions of Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH under microwave irradiation, demonstrating that it obtained the highest electric field intensity on the surface of copper nanoparticles of Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH due to its high‐curvature tips and metallic properties. This led to copper nanoparticles attracted more charged particles compared with other areas in Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH. These charges are easier to escape from the high curvature surface of Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH, and captured by adsorbed oxygen, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species. The Cu/C/Fe3O4‐COOH designed in this study is expected to provide insight into the treatment of deep tissue infections under the irradiation of microwave.
Heat‐Set Supramolecular Hydrogelation by Regulating the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance for a Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescent Switch
Authors: Yang Rong , Li Yuangang , Hua Chunxia , Sun Yihuan , Li Huajing , Wei Bizhuo , Dong Huanhuan , Liu Kaiqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHeat‐set supramolecular gels exhibited totally opposite phase behaviors of dissolution upon cooling and gelation on heating. They are commonly discovered by chance and their rational design remains a great challenge. Herein, a rational design strategy is proposed to realize heat‐set supramolecular hydrogelation through regulation of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of the system. A newly synthesized amphiphile hydrogelator with pyrene embedded in its lipophilic terminal can self‐assemble into a hydrogel through a heating and cooling cycle. However, the host–guest complex of the gelator and hydrophilic γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CyD) results in a sol at room temperature. Thus, heat‐set hydrogelation is realized from the sol state in a controllable manner. Heat‐set gelation mechanism is revealed by exploring critical heat‐set supramolecular gelation and the related findings provide a general strategy for developing new functional molecular gels with tunable hydrophilic–lipophilic balance.
Simultaneous Separating, Splitting, Collecting, and Dispensing by Droplet Pinch‐Off for Droplet Cell Culture
Authors: Bae Seo Jun , Lee Seon Jun , Im Do Jin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSimultaneous separating, splitting, collecting, and dispensing a cell suspension droplet has been demonstrated by aspiration and subsequent droplet pinch‐off for use in microfluidic droplet cell culture systems. This method is applied to cell manipulations including aliquots and concentrations of microalgal and mammalian cell suspensions. Especially, medium exchange of spheroid droplets is successfully demonstrated by collecting more than 99% of all culture medium without damaging the spheroids, demonstrating its potential for a 3D cell culture system. Through dimensional analysis and systematic parametric studies, it is found that initial mother droplet size together with aspiration flow rate determines three droplet pinch‐off regimes. By observing contact angle changes during aspiration, the difference in the large and the small droplet pinch‐off can be quantitatively explained using force balance. It is found that the capillary number plays a significant role in droplet pinch‐off, but the Bond number and the Ohnesorge number have minor effects. Since the dispensed droplet size is mainly determined by the capillary number, the dispensed droplet size can be controlled simply by adjusting the aspiration flow rate. It is hoped that this method can contribute to various fields using droplets, such as droplet cell culture and digital microfluidics, beyond the generation of small droplets.
Tailoring the Morphology of a Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based Polymer as Films or Wires for High‐Performance OFETs using Solution Shearing
Authors: Dacha Preetam , Hambsch Mike , Pohl Darius , Haase Katherina , Löffler Markus , Lan Tianshu , Feng Xinliang , Rellinghaus Bernd , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConjugated polymers often show efficient charge carrier transport along their backbone which is a primary factor in the electrical behavior of Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFETs) devices fabricated from these materials. Herein, a solution shearing procedure is reported to fabricate micro/nano wires from a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐based polymer. Millimeter to nanometer long polymer wires orientated in the coating direction are developed after a thorough analysis of the deposition conditions. It shows several morphological regimes—film, transition, and wires and experimentally derive a phase diagram for the parameters coating speed and surface energy of the substrate. The as‐fabricated wires are isolated, which is confirmed by optical, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy. Beside the macroscopic alignment of wires, cross‐polarized optical microscopy images show strong birefringence suggesting a high degree of molecular orientation. This is further substantiated by polarized UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction transmission electron microscopy, and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Finally, an enhanced electrical performance of single wire OFETs is observed with a 15‐fold increase in effective charge carrier mobility to 1.57 cm2 V−1 s−1 over devices using films (0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1) with similar values for on/off current ratio and threshold voltage.
Sub‐Nanometer Depth Profiling of Native Metal Oxide Layers Within Single Fixed‐Angle X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectra
Authors: Wortmann Martin , Viertel Klaus , Westphal Michael , Graulich Dominik , Yang Yang , Gärner Maik , Schmalhorst Jan , Frese Natalie , Kuschel Timo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany metals form nanometer‐thin self‐passivating oxide layers upon exposure to the atmosphere, which affects a wide range of interfacial properties and shapes the way how metals interact with their environment. Such native oxide layers are commonly analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which provides a depth‐resolved chemical state and compositional analysis either by ion etching or modeling of the electron escape depths. The latter is commonly used to calculate the average thickness of a native oxide layer. However, the measurement of concentration profiles at the oxide‐metal interface remains challenging. Here, a simple and accessible approach for the depth profiling of ultrathin oxide layers within single fixed‐angle XPS spectra is proposed. Instead of using only one peak in the spectrum, as is usually the case, all peaks within the energy range of a standard lab device are utilized, thus resembling energy‐resolved XPS without the need for a synchrotron. New models that allow the calculation of depth‐resolved concentration profiles at the oxide‐metal interface are derived and tested, which are also valid for angular‐ and energy‐resolved XPS. The proposed method not only improves the accuracy of earlier approaches but also paves the way for a more holistic understanding of the XPS spectrum.
Preparation and Application of Single‐Atom Cobalt Catalysts in Organic Synthesis and Environmental Remediation
Authors: Wang Zihao , Zeng Yuxi , Deng Jie , Wang Ziwei , Guo Zicong , Yang Yang , Xu Xing , Song Biao , Zeng Guangming , Zhou Chengyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of high‐performance catalysts plays a crucial role in facilitating chemical production and reducing environmental contamination. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs), a class of catalysts that bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, have garnered increasing attention because of their unique activity, selectivity, and stability in many pivotal reactions. Meanwhile, the scarcity of precious metal SACs calls for the arrival of cost‐effective SACs. Cobalt, as a common non‐noble metal, possesses tremendous potential in the field of single‐atom catalysis. Despite their potential, reviews about single‐atom Co catalysts (Co‐SACs) are lacking. Accordingly, this review thoroughly summarized various preparation methodologies of Co‐SACs, particularly pyrolysis; its application in the specific domain of organic synthesis and environmental remediation is discussed as well. The structure–activity relationship and potential catalytic mechanism of Co‐SACs are elucidated through some representative reactions. The imminent challenges and development prospects of Co‐SACs are discussed in detail. The findings and insights provided herein can guide further exploration and development in this charming area of catalyst design, leading to the realization of efficient and sustainable catalytic processes.
Omphalocele and gastroschisis: An analysis of prenatal diagnosis and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Doğru Şükran , Akkuş Fatih , Ezveci Huriye , Metin Ülfet Sena , Gezginç Kazım 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOmphalocele and gastroschisis are the most frequent congenital developmental abdominal wall defects. Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis is critical in the management of the pregnancy, affording patients the option of termination. This study aims to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcomes of omphalocele and gastroschisis cases.Materials and MethodsThe cases of gastroschisis and omphalocele diagnosed prenatally and followed up at our university were evaluated retrospectively between January 2019 and January 2022. Maternal demographic and clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes were compared between the cases.ResultsThis study evaluated 42 omphalocele and nine gastroschisis cases. All gastroschisis cases were isolated (p = .001). Additional anomalies were present in 61.9% of omphalocele cases. While two patients with gastroschisis refused the invasive procedure, the genetic results of the others were normal. The karyotype was abnormal in 42.9% of omphalocele cases (p = .008). Half of the omphalocele cases were terminated, and 38.1% (n = 8) of the terminated omphalocele cases were trisomy 18. The coexistence of multiple system anomalies and cystic hygroma was high in the terminated cases. In all cases of gastroschisis, only the intestines protruded from the abdominal wall into the amniotic fluid. The number of survivors of omphalocele was 23.8%. The median hospital stay was 25 and 14 days for gastroschisis and omphalocele, respectively.ConclusionPrenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis is critical in pregnancy management. The presence of associated anomalies determines the prognosis of omphalocele and gastroschisis.