bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐life impairments, chronic health conditions, and income mobility
Authors: Gugushvili Alexi , Dokken Therese , Grue Jan , Finnvold Jon Erik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIndividuals who have congenital conditions or become disabled early in life tend to have poorer educational and occupational outcomes than non‐disabled individuals. Disability is known to be a complex entity with multiple causations, involving, inter alia, physiological, social, economic, and cultural factors. It is established that social factors can influence educational and occupational attainment for disabled people, and current disability policy in many countries, particularly in the Global North, stress the importance of equality of opportunity. However, there is a scarcity of research that explores the specific degrees to which advanced welfare states contribute to the equalization of life chances for individuals with early‐life impairments and chronic health conditions. In this study, we use a Norwegian sample of high‐quality register data on individuals with vision loss, hearing loss, physical impairment, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and Down syndrome diagnosed early in life and compare their intergenerational income mobility trajectories with a random sample drawn from the country's entire population. We find that individuals' early‐life diagnoses are linked to significantly worse income outcomes in adulthood than what is observed among the general population. We conclude that even in one of the most advanced egalitarian welfare states, such as Norway, much remains to be done to equalize life chances for individuals with early‐life impairments and chronic health conditions.
Sleeve gastrectomy with one anastomosis bipartition versus one anastomosis gastric bypass: A pilot study
Authors: Qin Xiaoguang , Mao Zhongqi , Lee Wei‐Jei , Zhang Min , Chen Shu‐Chun , Chen Jung‐Chien , Wu Guoqiang , Zhou Xiaoqing , Wei Tiantian , Huang Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is a new recognized metabolic surgery, but the problem that we cannot screen the excluded stomach is a troubling issue in China. The emergence of sleeve gastrectomy plus one anastomosis bipartition (SG + OAB) makes us see a hope to solve this problem.ObjectivesBy comparing the efficacy of the two surgical methods, to evaluate whether SG + OAB surgery can solve the dilemma faced by OAGB that the excluded stomach cannot be screened.MethodsA retrospective study to compare the patients who underwent OAGB and SG + OAB was conducted. The main outcome measures were (1) operation risk, (2) weight loss, and (3) diabetes remission at 6 months.ResultsThis study was conducted in the bariatric/metabolic surgical center. From November 2021 to February 2022, a total of 30 patients with obesity who received SG + OAB surgery were recruited. Another matched 60 patients undergoing OAGB were recruited as control group. There was no difference in preoperative age (32.15 ± 9.02 vs. 34.47 ± 7.22; p = .224), female ratio (83% vs. 85%; p = .837), and BMI (36.18 ± 5.30 vs. 34.68 ± 5.58; p = .217) between the two groups. OAGB had a shorter mean operation time (121.67 ± 20.41 vs. 143.50 ± 25.07 min; p < .001) and a lower intraoperative blood loss (21.92 ± 12.35 vs. 32.43 ± 22.01 mL; p = .005), but a longer postoperative flatus passage (2.13 ± 0.43 vs. 1.87 ± 0.43 days; p = .007) compared with the SG + OAB group. Two patients (6.7%) developed major surgical complication in SG + OAB group but no major complication developed in OAGB group. At 6 months after surgery, SG + OAB had a higher %total weight loss than OAGB (31.05 ± 3.12 vs. 28.14 ± 5.43%; p = .015), but diabetes remission rate was similarly high in both groups.ConclusionsSG + OAB operation had a non‐inferior or even better weight loss than OAGB, with a similar glycemic control efficacy. However, the high complication rate of SG + OAB is the major drawback that needs attention.
Antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the seaweed Durvillaea antarctica
Authors: Roberto T. Abdala Díaz , Virginia Casas‐Arrojo , Ángeles Arrojo‐Agudo María , Casimiro Cárdenas García , Claudia Pérez Manríquez , Eduardo Uribe , Félix Álvarez‐Gómez , Nathalie Korbee , Félix L. Figueroa , Sergey Dobretsov 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study was carried out to determine the antitumor and antioxidant activities of the seaweed Durvillaea antarctica. Extraction and purification of polysaccharides from D. antarctica were performed. They were characterized by FT‐IR and GC–MS, identifying isomers of arabinose, fucose, mannose, and galactose. The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides was analyzed using the ABTS method (14.3 ± 0.5 μmol TE g−1 PS) and the DPPH method (21.82 ± 0.32 μmol TE g−1 PS). The antitumor capacity of polysaccharides was studied by MTT colorimetric assays in human leukemia, colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines, obtaining the lowest IC50 in colon cancer (19.99 μg mL−1). In the line of healthy human gingival fibroblasts (HGF‐1), an IC50 of 444.39 μg mL−1 was obtained. Flow cytometry in the HL60 cell line showed that polysaccharides at concentrations higher than IC50 inhibited cell proliferation, demonstrating a possible antitumor capacity in vitro. In the proteomic analysis with HGF‐1, nine proteins involved in different biological processes were identified. In conclusion, polysaccharides from D. antarctica could be considered powerful nutraceuticals, mainly against colon cancer.
Cyber victimization with increasing digitization during the COVID‐19 pandemic and coping strategies used by adolescents
Authors: Hendekci Ayla , Albayrak Eda , Şimşek Nuray 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPandemics, a current and important public health problem, can increase the risk of cyberbullying. Especially in adolescence, knowledge about coping with this type of victimization is limited. This study aimed to reveal the cyberbullying victimization experiences of adolescents with the increased digitalization during the pandemic and the coping strategies they employed. The study is a descriptive and cross‐sectional study. The research sample consists of adolescents (n = 344). The data were collected online using Personal Information Form, Cyber Victim Scale, and Coping with Cyberbullying Scale. The mean Cyber Victim Scale score of the adolescents was 21.97 ± 5.83, and the mean Coping with Cyberbullying Scale score was 63.33 ± 9.06. It was found that the increase in the frequency of Internet use, the change in the purpose of Internet use during the pandemic, and the sharing of the negative experiences with others negatively affect cyber victimization (p < 0.05). In today's world where digitalization is increasing, it is recommended to provide interdisciplinary trainings to adolescents, to include families in various trainings with school–family cooperation, and to receive support from nurses in this process.
Polyethylene terephthalate cap‐based bioreactors for combined domestic and dye wastewater treatment
Authors: Radeef Ahmed Y. , Mohammed Alwalid K. , Salih Ali B. , Najim Aya A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the current study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) and a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were designed and used to treat actual samples of combined domestic and dye (Congo red) wastewaters over a 10‐hour cycle. A new application of reusing plastic bottle caps in the SBBR and MBBR was examined. In the SBR, maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of up to 66% ± 3% was achieved after nine cycles of operation. In the SBBR, a rapid increase in COD removal efficiency was observed during the first cycle, with a noticeable improvement in performance in subsequent cycles, eventually reaching a maximum COD removal efficiency of 77% ± 3%. In the MBBR, maximum COD removal of up to 88% ± 3% was achieved after nine cycles of operation. The biodegradation occurred during two phases in the SBR and SBBR, as an anaerobic phase in the first 2 hours and then as an aerobic phase in the last 8 hours of operation; the MBBR operated in the fully saturated aerobic phase for 10 hours. Of the three reactors used, results for the MBBR in the fully aerobic condition by using polyethylene terephthalate caps as a biocarrier, demonstrated the optimum conditions under which to treat and biodegrade Congo red at all concentration in each cycle. The maximum removal efficiency, which equalled 99% ± 1%, was recorded at an optimal concentration of 50 mg/L. Additionally, five kinetic models were proposed to assess microbial growth activity, and the results demonstrated the elimination of toxic effects when using polyethylene terephthalate caps as biocarriers in the MBBR. The laboratory experiments were consistent with the Monod model.
Endoscopist‐related factors affecting adenoma detection during colonoscopy: Data from the J‐SCOUT study
Authors: Kawamura Takuji , Sekiguchi Masau , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Mizuguchi Yasuhiko , Horiguchi Go , Toyoizumi Hirobumi , Kato Masayuki , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Sada Miwa , Oda Yasushi , Yokoyama Akira , Utsumi Takahiro , Tsuji Yosuke , Ohki Daisuke , Takeuchi Yoji , Shichijo Satoki , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Matsuda Koji , Teramukai Satoshi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Matsuda Takahisa , Saito Yutaka , Tanaka Kiyohito 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesColonoscopy withdrawal times are associated with the adenoma detection rate (ADR). However, the relationship between ADR and cecal insertion time has been inadequately characterized. We aimed to evaluate endoscopist‐related factors involved in the ADR, including the average individual colonoscopy insertion and withdrawal times.MethodsThis observational study used a colonoscopy database with pathology data from routine clinical practice in Japanese institutions. The odds ratios (OR) of endoscopist‐related factors related to ADRs were examined using a generalized linear mixed model.ResultsOf the 186,293 colonoscopies performed during the study period, 47,705 colonoscopies by 189 endoscopists in four hospitals were analyzed for ADR. The overall ADR was 38.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 37.8, 38.7). Compared to endoscopists with mean cecal insertion times of <5 min, the OR of ADR for those with mean cecal insertion times of 5–9, 10–14, and ≥15 min were 0.84 (95% CI 0.71, 0.99), 0.68 (95% CI 0.52, 0.90), and 0.45 (95% CI 0.25, 0.78), respectively. Compared to endoscopists with mean withdrawal times of <6 min, the OR of ADR for those with mean withdrawal times of 6–9, 10–14, and ≥15 min were 1.38 (95% CI 1.03, 1.85), 1.48 (95% CI 1.09, 2.02), and 1.68 (95% CI 1.04, 2.61), respectively. There were no significant differences in ADRs by endoscopist specialty, gender, or the total number of examinations performed.ConclusionIndividual mean colonoscopy insertion time was associated with ADR and might be considered as a colonoscopy quality indicator as well as withdrawal time.
Deciphering microbiomes dozens of meters under our feet and their edaphoclimatic and spatial drivers
Authors: He Haoran , Zhou Jingxiong , Wang Yunqiang , Jiao Shuo , Qian Xun , Liu Yurong , Liu Ji , Chen Ji , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Brangarí Albert C. , Chen Li , Cui Yongxing , Pan Haibo , Tian Renmao , Liang Yuting , Tan Wenfeng , Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Fang Linchuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicrobes inhabiting deep soil layers are known to be different from their counterpart in topsoil yet remain under investigation in terms of their structure, function, and how their diversity is shaped. The microbiome of deep soils (>1 m) is expected to be relatively stable and highly independent from climatic conditions. Much less is known, however, on how these microbial communities vary along climate gradients. Here, we used amplicon sequencing to investigate bacteria, archaea, and fungi along fifteen 18‐m depth profiles at 20–50‐cm intervals across contrasting aridity conditions in semi‐arid forest ecosystems of China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that bacterial and fungal α diversity and bacterial and archaeal community similarity declined dramatically in topsoil and remained relatively stable in deep soil. Nevertheless, deep soil microbiome still showed the functional potential of N cycling, plant‐derived organic matter degradation, resource exchange, and water coordination. The deep soil microbiome had closer taxa–taxa and bacteria–fungi associations and more influence of dispersal limitation than topsoil microbiome. Geographic distance was more influential in deep soil bacteria and archaea than in topsoil. We further showed that aridity was negatively correlated with deep‐soil archaeal and fungal richness, archaeal community similarity, relative abundance of plant saprotroph, and bacteria–fungi associations, but increased the relative abundance of aerobic ammonia oxidation, manganese oxidation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal in the deep soils. Root depth, complexity, soil volumetric moisture, and clay play bridging roles in the indirect effects of aridity on microbes in deep soils. Our work indicates that, even microbial communities and nutrient cycling in deep soil are susceptible to changes in water availability, with consequences for understanding the sustainability of dryland ecosystems and the whole‐soil in response to aridification. Moreover, we propose that neglecting soil depth may underestimate the role of soil moisture in dryland ecosystems under future climate scenarios.
Make First: Exploring Methods to Deliver Anti‐Racist and Anti‐Ableist Craft Learning
Authors: Dennington Zoe , Goozee Rebecca ,   Crafts Council
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2021 the Crafts Council launched its national education programme, Craft School, alongside the pedagogical framework Make First. Both Craft School and Make First were a culmination of decades of learning, experience, and research from staff at the Crafts Council and are underpinned by anti‐racist and anti‐ableist learning methodologies. Through this we hoped to work towards methodologies for equal and equitable access to craft education, by considering flexible approaches to delivering and participating in craft activities across different key stages. This paper outlines the Make First approach and some indications of its impact on teachers and learners, as well as exploring some of the challenges and areas for further development as we continue to build anti‐racist and anti‐ableist approaches to craft education.
Evaluating the effects of tannic acid on rabbit growth performance, digestibility, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology and caecal fermentation and microbiota
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Yuxin , Wang Kun , Li Zhenxin , Ji Meinan , Li Fangfang , Han Limei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with tannic acid (TA) on the growth performance, digestibility, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology and the caecal fermentation and microbiota in rabbits. A total number of 120 Ira rabbits (30 days of age) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatment groups: TA 0 (control), TA 0.75, TA 1.5 and TA 3, administered basal diets with 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g TA/kg of feed for 28 days. Compared to the control group, dietary 3 g TA/kg inclusion decreased the average daily feed intake (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the digestibility among the groups (p > 0.05). Serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the 3 g/kg TA group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid in the 3 g/kg TA group. The addition of TA had no effect on villus height and crypt depth of small intestine (p > 0.05). The 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, dietary 3 g/kg TA increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the caecum of rabbits (p < 0.05). Based on the results, dietary TA is effective in antioxidant capacity of rabbits, improving caecal fermentation and optimizing the caecal microflora. However, the appropriate dosage supplementation of TA in rabbits needs further research.
Acute adrenal necrosis in a young female cat
Authors: Manson Rebecca A. , Hammond Tara N. , Callahan Clark Julie E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCase DescriptionAn 18‐month‐old spayed female domestic short haired cat was presented for poor appetite, lethargy, exaggerated swallowing, and regurgitation 2 weeks after endoscopic retrieval of gastric foreign material.Clinical FindingsThe cat was quiet with tacky mucous membranes on physical examination. Point‐of‐care blood testing identified mild azotemia, moderate hypercalcemia, and a sodium‐to‐potassium ratio of 26. An ultrasound examination the next day identified moderate to marked bilateral adrenomegaly. Cytology of a fine needle aspirate of the adrenal glands was consistent with necrosis and associated inflammation. Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed by a confirmatory adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test.Treatment and OutcomeThe cat normalized both clinically and biochemically after treatment with prednisolone and desoxycorticosterone pivalate.Clinical RelevanceAcute adrenal necrosis has been well documented in human medicine after anesthetic events. To our knowledge, hypoadrenocorticism caused by cytologically confirmed acute adrenal necrosis has not been previously reported in dogs and cats.
Bureaucratic professionalization and cabinet management: How civil servants in presidential democracies are treated differently
Authors: Lee Don S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHow does bureaucratic structure shape presidential strategy in managing top executive posts? The comparative literature on cabinet formation focuses heavily on presidential legislative strategy, largely overlooking the administrative dimension of cabinet management. This article fills this gap by examining how bureaucratic professionalization shapes the president's strategy in distributing and managing cabinet posts. We argue that as bureaucracies become more autonomous via professionalization, ministers from the bureaucracy are more likely to be central players in presidential cabinet management. Our analysis of original data on 1538 ministers' cabinet careers from 26 presidential administrations in four Asian democracies shows that bureaucrats are more likely to receive and retain cabinet posts in key policy areas as bureaucratic professionalization increases, whereas they are less likely to do so with decreasing bureaucratic professionalization. This finding suggests that presidential cabinet management follows a different set of rules according to the level of bureaucratic professionalization.
The application of dual clumped isotope thermometer (Δ47 and Δ48) to the understanding of dolomite formation
Authors: Lu Chaojin , Swart Peter K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although several studies have shown the possibility of kinetic isotopic effects during the precipitation of carbonates using the dual clumped isotope proxy (Δ47 and Δ48), this approach has not yet been applied to the study of dolomite. We present Δ47 and Δ48 values of two types of Cenozoic Bahamian dolomites formed by distinctly different mechanisms. One dolomite, present in a core drilled on the island of San Salvador, is believed to have formed from normal seawater in the open system, while the other, taken from the Clino core drilled on the margin of the Great Bahama Bank, was precipitated associated with microbial sulfate reduction in the closed system. The Δ48-derived temperatures of San Salvador dolomites are consistent with their Δ47-temperatures, which are in turn close to the expected value of normal seawater. In contrast, dolomites from Clino show slightly elevated Δ47-derived temperatures (~15 °C higher than the expected) and significantly increased Δ48-temperatures (~145 °C) that are positively correlated with the sulfur isotopes of carbonate associated sulfate, in excess of +30‰. Such an association suggests a non-equilibrium process driven by microbial sulfate reduction, which elevates the alkalinity and depresses the pH of dolomitizing fluids. Notably, the greater amplitude of disequilibrium in Δ48 relative to Δ47 values demonstrates the sensitivity of the Δ48 proxy to kinetic isotope effects in dolomite. Conclusively, this study shows the potential of the dual clumped isotope proxy to identify microbial-mediated dolomitization in modern and ancient records.
Cohort profile: the U-BIRTH study on peripartum depression and child development in Sweden
Authors: Tu Hsing-Fen , Fransson Emma , Kunovac Kallak Theodora , Elofsson Ulf , Ramklint Mia , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe current U-BIRTH cohort (Uppsala Birth Cohort) extends our previous cohort Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition (BASIC), assessing the development of children up to 11 years after birth. The U-BIRTH study aims to (1) assess the impact of exposure to peripartum mental illness on the children’s development taking into account biological and environmental factors during intrauterine life and childhood; (2) identify early predictors of child neurodevelopmental and psychological problems using biophysiological, psychosocial and environmental variables available during pregnancy and early post partum.ParticipantsAll mothers participating in the previous BASIC cohort are invited, and mother–child dyads recruited in the U-BIRTH study are consecutively invited to questionnaire assessments and biological sampling when the child is 18 months, 6 years and 11 years old. Data collection at 18 months (n=2882) has been completed. Consent for participation has been obtained from 1946 families of children having reached age 6 and from 698 families of children having reached age 11 years.Findings to dateBased on the complete data from pregnancy to 18 months post partum, peripartum mental health was significantly associated with the development of attentional control and gaze-following behaviours, which are critical to cognitive and social learning later in life. Moreover, infants of depressed mothers had an elevated risk of difficult temperament and behavioural problems compared with infants of non-depressed mothers. Analyses of biological samples showed that peripartum depression and anxiety were related to DNA methylation differences in infants. However, there were no methylation differences in relation to infants’ behavioural problems at 18 months of age.Future plansGiven that the data collection at 18 months is complete, analyses are now being undertaken. Currently, assessments for children reaching 6 and 11 years are ongoing.