bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of mouse jejunal epithelium and its response to infection with the intestinal nematode, Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Pemberton Alan D. , Knight Pamela A. , Wright Steven H. , Miller Hugh R. P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractInfection with the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis induces profound, but stereotypic pathological changes to the epithelium, which are common to many nematode infections. This study describes changes in jejunal epithelial protein expression that reflect these stereotypic responses. Adult male BALB/c mice were infected with T. spiralis, and groups (n = 4) examined on day 14/15 (time of worm rejection) were compared with uninfected controls (n = 4). Jejunal epithelium was harvested and extracted for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Tryptic peptide mass fingerprinting was used to create a reference map consisting of a total of 52 landmark spots. Of these, 16 were observed to change in intensity during infection. The changes observed at day 14/15 were of relevance to such mechanisms as lipid utilization and transport (increase in triacylglycerol lipase, and reduction in intestinal fatty acid binding protein) and innate immunity (appearance of intelectin‐2). As a result, candidate molecules have been identified for further focused studies on their role in the host response to intestinal nematode infection.
Mycobacterial proteome extraction: Comparison of disruption methods
Authors: Lanigan Mark D. , Vaughan Jill A. , Shiell Brian J. , Beddome Gary J. , Michalski Wojtek P. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has long been recognized as the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease of sheep, cattle and other ruminants. Mycobacterial cells are extremely hardy, and proteomic analyses require the use of harsh conditions to effect their disruption. We compared the effectiveness of bead beating and sonication as cell lysis methods for the extraction of the proteomes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Broad and narrow range two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the numbers of silver stained protein spots that were observed in mycobacterial lysates. Despite differences in the yield of total protein from either species, and at different ages, the two methods appeared to give similar representations of the mycobacterial proteomes analyzed. Bead beating therefore represents a rapid and effective method of extracting the proteomes of mycobacterial species without the risks associated with an open tube sonication procedure.
Identification of novel and downregulated biomarkers for alcoholism by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Nomura Fumio , Tomonaga Takeshi , Sogawa Kazuyuki , Ohashi Tatsuya , Nezu Masahiko , Sunaga Masahiko , Kondo Naoki , Iyo Masaomi , Shimada Hideaki , Ochiai Takenori 
Published: March 2004

AbstractSince personal and verbal reporting of alcohol use is not necessarily accurate, objective markers to assess alcohol consumption are required. The currently available markers, however, are limited in sensitivity and specificity for screening of excessive alcohol drinkers. Therefore, searches for novel markers are warranted. Recently, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF‐MS) has been successfully used to detect disease‐associated proteins in complex biological specimens. We used the ProteinChip SELDI technology to generate comparative protein profiles of the consecutive serum samples obtained during abstinence from a total of 16 chronic alcoholic patients hospitalized for a rehabilitation program. We recognized two peaks (5.9 and 7.8 kDa), both of which had been downregulated on admission, the expression level of which significantly increased after a one‐week abstinence. These changes were also seen in nonresponders of γ‐glutamyltransferase. These two proteins were partially purified and subjected to amino acid sequencing. The 5.9 kDa protein was identified as a fragment of fibrinogen αE chain and the 7.8 kDa was a fragment of apoprotein A‐II. These novel protein fragments may be promising biomarkers for excessive alcohol drinking.
Analysis of the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene in Swedish hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer
Authors: Lindmark Fredrik , Jonsson Björn‐Anders , Bergh Anders , Stattin Pär , Zheng S. Lilly , Meyers Deborah A. , Xu Jianfeng , Grönberg Henrik 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) gene on chromosome 8p22 was recently reported as a candidate gene for hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). Here, we further elucidate the role of MSR1 in both Swedish families with HPC and in a cohort of unselected prostate cancer.METHODSDNA samples from 83 Swedish HPC families and 215 unselected population based cases of prostate cancer as well as 425 age‐matched controls were genotyped.RESULTSA total of 18 variants were identified, including 2 exonic, 7 intronic changes, and 9 changes in the 5′‐ or 3′‐uncoding region. Of the two exonic changes, one previously reported truncation mutation was identified, a R293X nonsense mutation. This mutation was found in 2 of the 83 (2.4%) HPC families. The R293X mutation was found more frequently in men with PC (4.9%) than in unaffected men (2.7%), consistent with previous published results, however our results were not significant (P = 0.16). To additionally test for potential association of common sequence variants and increased risk for the disease, five common polymorphisms (PRO3, INDEL1, IVS5‐57, P275A, INDEL7) were genotyped in the group of 215 prostate cancer cases and 425 age‐matched controls. No association between any of the five common sequence variants and prostate cancer were found.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that mutations in MSR1 gene might play a role in prostate cancer susceptibility, particularly the R293X mutation. This study warrants further investigations of the role of MSR1 in prostate cancer etiology. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
YB‐1 is upregulated during prostate cancer tumor progression and increases P‐glycoprotein activity
Authors: Giménez‐Bonafé Pepita , Fedoruk Matthew N. , Whitmore Tanis G. , Akbari Majid , Ralph Jody L. , Ettinger Susan , Gleave Martin E. , Nelson Colleen C. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, the main obstacle to curing advanced prostate cancer is development of androgen independence (AI), where malignant cells acquire the ability to survive in the absence of androgens. Our initial experimental approach used cDNA microarrays to characterize changes in gene expression in the LNCaP human prostate tumor model during progression to AI. The transcription factor Y‐box binding protein (YB‐1) was shown to be one of the genes upregulated. We focused on increased YB‐1 expression during progression in clinical specimens, and further examined one of its downstream targets, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).METHODSNorthern blot analysis was performed on LNCaP tumor series, as well as immunohistochemical analyses of human prostate cancer tissue samples. YB‐1 was transiently transfected and transport analysis were performed to analyze P‐gp efflux activity.RESULTSYB‐1 expression is markedly increased during benign to malignant transformation and further following androgen ablation. In addition, increased YB‐1 expression after castration in the LNCaP model is linked to upregulation of P‐gp. We demonstrate that YB‐1 upregulates P‐gp activity resulting in a 40% intracellular decrease in the P‐gp substrate vinblastine. We have also found that P‐gp increases the efflux of the endogenous androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), from prostate cells and leads to decreased androgen regulated gene expression.CONCLUSIONSWe hypothesize that early in prostate cancer progression, increased expression of YB‐1 may increase P‐gp activity which may in turn lower androgen levels in the prostate tumor cells. Suppression of androgen levels may activate cell survival pathways and lead to an adaptive survival advantage of androgen independent prostate cancer cells following androgen ablation therapy. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving public health and environmental protection resulting from Superfund site investigation/remediation
Authors: Lee G. Fred , Jones‐Lee Anne 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA discussion of some of the deficiencies of Superfund and hazardous chemical site investigation and
remediation is presented. Of concern is the adequacy of defining the constituents of concern;
stormwater‐runoff monitoring; evaluating excessive bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals in edible
organisms; the extent and degree of groundwater pollution; modeling of pollutant transport in the
vadose zone; translocation of subsurface pollutants to surface via plant roots, leaves, and flowers;
protection of groundwater quality for nonpriority pollutants that impact aesthetic quality; and
deficiencies in the quality of site data reports. Examples of these types of problems are discussed with
suggestions on the approach that should be followed to improve the quality of site investigation and
remediation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental bioavailability of hydrophobic organochlorines in sediments—A review
Authors: Qiu Xiujin , Davis John W. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA number of hydrophobic organochlorines, such as hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated
dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), have been reported to be persistent and
bioaccumulative; however, their availability to biota appear to be limited due to strong sorption to
soil/sediment and sequestration with age. Studies to date have shown that the bioavailability of hydrophobic
organic chemicals (HOCs) in sediments is highly variable, depending not only on a chemical's
lipophicity (Kow), but also molecular steric conformation and sediment characteristics. A
subdomain of sediment organic carbon, so‐called black carbon (BC), which has much higher affinity
to planar HOCs than amorphous organic carbon, has been found to be the predominant repository of many HOCs. The
sediment/soil‐bound HOCs are composed of a rapid and reversible desorbing labile fraction and a
slow‐desorbing, or resistant‐to‐desorbing, nonlabile fraction. The latter can account for up
to 98 percent of the total. A number of chemical extraction methods have been under development to measure the
actual bioavailable concentrations in soil/sediment and have shown some correlation to the results of
bioaccumulation and/or biodegradation tests. To date, most of the published studies on this subject have
focused on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This review summarizes the governing processes and
the testing methodologies relevant to the environmental bioavailability of hydrophobic organochlorines in soils
and sediments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytoremediation in subtropical Hawaii—A review of over 100 plant species
Authors: Paquin Daniel G. , Campbell Sonia , Li Qing X. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractPhytoremediation is an emerging remediation technology that utilizes plants and microbes to clean up contaminated
air, soil, and water. Tropical and subtropical environments have an advantage in that long plant‐growing
seasons and increased soil temperature can accelerate phytoremediation processes. Various contaminated sites in
Hawaii have been addressed using this technology. In this article, work progress and advances of phytoremediation
are briefly reviewed and exemplified with seven chemically contaminated sites in Hawaii. The investigations were
performed for one or more of the following remediation needs: explosive residues, hydrocarbons, pesticide residues,
soil stabilization, and slaughterhouse wastewater. In this unique article, studies of testing of over 100 plant
species for remediation are reviewed and documented. The general trend leads one to consider that salt‐
and/or drought‐tolerant plants can bear other potential stress‐inducing conditions. © 2004
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wind energy literature survey No. 5
Authors: Rollinson Dave 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field, Wind Energy contains a list of recently published articles drawn from recent issues of the following periodicals: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, International Journal of Energy Research, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, Transactions of the ASME: Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control and Renewable Energy. The list is arranged alphabetically by author. Compiled by Dave Rollinson, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK. Please e‐mail any suggestions to D.Rollinson@student.umist.ac.uk. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach to species determination for yeast strains: DNA microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization using a yeast DNA microarray with 6000 genes
Authors: Watanabe Takahito , Murata Yoshinori , Oka Syuichi , Iwahashi Hitoshi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractDNA–DNA hybridization is known as the superior method in the elucidation of relationships between closely related taxa, such as species and strain. For species determination we propose a new DNA–DNA hybridization method: the DNA microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) method, using a yeast DNA microarray with approximately 6000 genes. The genome from a yeast strain as a sample strain (Sample) was labelled with Cy3‐dye and hybridized to a single DNA microarray, together with the Cy5‐labelled genome of S. cerevisiae S288C as a reference strain (Reference). The log2 ratio values {log2[Cy3(Sample)/Cy5(Reference)]: Ratio} of signal intensities of all the gene spots were estimated and divided into the following groups: Ratio ≤ −1; −1 < Ratio < 1; 1 ≤ Ratio. The hybridization profiles of the genomes of type strains belonging to the genus Saccharomyces were significantly different from that of S. cerevisiae S288C. The Ratio‐based grouping allowed us to discriminate between some species from S. cerevisiae more clearly. Furthermore, cluster analysis discriminated between closely related species and strains. Using this method, we were able to not only perform species determination but also to obtain information on alternation in gene copy number of such gene amplifications and deletions with single‐gene resolution. These observations indicated that DNA microarray‐based CGH is a powerful system for species determination and comparative genome analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive test performance in relation to psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation in non-demented 85-year-olds
Authors: ÖSTLING S. , JOHANSSON B. , SKOOG I. 
Published: March 2004

Background. Clinical studies suggest that psychotic and paranoid states in late life are associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, it is not clear whether this finding would be observed in general population samples of non-demented elderly, particularly after adjustment for potential confounding factors.Method. A representative sample of non-demented 85-year-olds living in the community or in institutions in Göteborg, Sweden (N=347) was examined using a psychiatric and physical examination (including a medical history), key-informant interview, psychometric testing and review of medical records. Individuals with psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation were compared with the mentally healthy regarding tests of verbal ability, inductive logical reasoning, spatial ability, perceptual speed, basic arithmetic, primary memory and secondary memory.Results. Non-demented 85-year-olds with psychotic symptoms or paranoid ideation performed specifically worse on tests measuring verbal ability, logical reasoning and two tests of spatial ability after adjustment for sex, education, hearing impairment, visual deficits, somatic disorders, depression, 3-year-mortality rate and incident dementia.Conclusions. Psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation were associated with lower performance on cognitive tests related to verbal ability, logical reasoning and spatial ability in non-demented 85-year-olds after adjustment for potential confounders.
The nosology of sub-acute and chronic fatigue syndromes that follow infectious mononucleosis
Authors: WHITE P. D. , THOMAS J. M. , SULLIVAN P. F. , BUCHWALD D. 
Published: March 2004

Background. A previous principal components analysis of symptoms occurring after infectious mononucleosis suggested that a discrete fatigue syndrome occurs, which is independent of psychiatric disorder. This work has not been replicated and no latent class analysis of subjects has been published.Method. We prospectively examined a cohort of 150 American primary care patients 2 and 6 months after the onset of corroborated infectious mononucleosis. A subset of 50 subjects was studied 4 years after onset. We performed principal components analyses of both psychological and somatic symptoms and latent class analyses of subjects.Results. Principal components analyses consistently delineated two fatigue factors at 2 and 6 months and one fatigue factor at 4 years. These factors were separate from a mixed anxiety and depressive factor. A four-class solution for the latent class analyses consisted of most subjects with few symptoms, a few with many symptoms, a group with predominantly mood symptoms and some subjects with fatigue symptoms.Conclusions. The symptoms of the principal factors with fatigue were similar to those previously described. Both the factors and classes were independent of an equally delineated mood factor and class. These results support the existence of two discrete chronic fatigue syndromes after infectious mononucleosis, one of which is still demonstrable 4 years after onset.
Gender differences in heritability of depressive symptoms in the elderly
Authors: JANSSON M. , GATZ M. , BERG S. , JOHANSSON B. , MALMBERG B. , McCLEARN G. E. , SCHALLING M. , PEDERSEN N. L. 
Published: March 2004

Background. The present study aimed to investigate the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on depressive symptoms in the elderly.Methods. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale. The CES-D scale was administered to 959 twin pairs (123 female MZs, 90 male MZs, 207 same-sex female DZs, 109 same-sex male DZs and 430 opposite-sex DZs) aged 50 years or older (mean age 72 years). A dichotomous depressed state variable was constructed based on CES-D cut-offs and self-reported use of antidepressant medication. Structural equation models were fitted to the data to dissect genetic and environmental variance components.Results. The sex-specific heritability estimates for depressive symptoms were 14% for males and 29% for females and 23% when constrained to be equal for men and women. The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was 16% for men and 24% for women. Heritability estimates for the dichotomous depressed state measure were 7% for males and 49% for females in the full model and 33% when constrained to be equal.Conclusion. Our results suggest that depressive symptoms in the elderly are moderately heritable, with a higher heritability for women than men, although differences in heritability estimates were not statistically significant.
Histology and growth of the cetacean petro‐tympanic bone complex
Authors: de Buffrénil Vivian , Dabin Willy , Zylberberg Louise 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe histological organization and the main growth trends of the periotic and tympanic bones are described in known‐aged common dolphins. The maximum sizes of these bones are already acquired in new‐born specimens, and their full mineralization (84.62% and 83.3%, respectively) is reached either at birth (tympanic) or within the first 6 months. Mass, compactness and density of the periotic and tympanic quickly rise during the first year of life, and remain stable afterwards. Mean values of compactness and density observed in adults are 94% and 2.65 g/cm3 for the periotic, and 98% and 2.66 g/cm3 for the tympanic. The periotic and tympanic are composed of a fibro‐lamellar tissue, initially deposited as a loose spongiosa with hypermineralized trabeculae. Before the end of the first year, this spongiosa is made compact by the perivascular formation of primary osteons. The vascular network of bone, originally very extensive, is obliterated rapidly by the osteons. The collagen matrix is composed of very thin collagen fibrils (diameter: 10 to 30 nm) arranged in a dramatically reduced network compared to normal bone. Hence, the room available for the mineral phase is considerably increased. Whatever the age of the animals, there is no inner (Haversian) remodelling in the periotic and tympanic. Since the compactness and density of these bones augment during the nursing period, it seems likely that the full hearing capacities of the dolphins are not reached before weaning.
Comparison of the Outcome of Conventional Osteosarcoma at Two Specialist International Orthopaedic Oncology Centres
Authors: Ford Samuel , Saithna Adnan , Grimer Robert J. , Picci Piero 
Published: March 2004

Objective: To determine the prognostic value of patient and treatment parameters in osteosarcoma, and whether these are
equally important across international boundaries.Design: Retrospective, cross‐sectional study of 428 patients diagnosed with around‐knee osteosarcoma, between 1990 and
1997 in Birmingham, UK, and Bologna, Italy. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) assessed by Kaplan–Meier, Fisher′s PLSD and Cox proportional hazard regression.Results: Five‐year DFS and OS were 56 and 73% at Centre 1, compared to 43 and 60% at Centre 2 (P=0.0022 and P = 0.025, respectively). The most important bad prognostic factors for DFS and OS respectively were raised alkaline phosphatase at diagnosis (P=0.002 and P=0.003), tumour necrosis < 90% following chemotherapy (P=0.001 and P = 0.004) and volume > 150 cm3 at diagnosis (P=0.04 and P=0.006). The most significant combination of bad prognostic factors was alkaline phosphatase and tumour necrosis. A total of 73% of patients at Centre 1 had greater than 90% necrosis of the tumour following neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with 29% at Centre 2.Conclusions: Tumour‐based prognostic factors have similar significance across international boundaries. Chemotherapy effectiveness appears to be a major factor in explaining the survival difference between the two centres.
A Radiotherapy Technique to Improve Dose Homogeneity Around Bone Prostheses
Authors: Williams M. V. , Burnet N. G. , Sherwin E. , Kestelman R. , Geater A. R. , Thomas S. J. , Wilson C. B. 
Published: March 2004

Purpose. Following limb conserving surgery for bone or soft tissue sarcoma, patients may require post‐operative radiotherapy
to minimise the risk of local recurrence. In such circumstances the metal prosthesis reduces the dose in its shadow by
approximately 10% when using opposed fields. We describe a technique to boost the underdosed area to overcome this
problem.Patients or subjects. Seven sequential patients presenting between 1995 and 2001 had their treatment individualised because
they had metal prosthesis in the treatment volume.Methods. To improve the target dose homogeneity we used a custom‐made keyhole cutout to boost the area in the shadow of
the prosthesis. The degree of attenuation caused by the metal prosthesis was estimated and a boost dose calculated. Exit
thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) was used to confirm the estimates made.Results and discussion. Variation between patients was seen, demonstrating the need for exit TLD to individualise the
treatment plan. The use of a boost field provides a method to overcome under‐dosage in the shadow of a metal prosthesis. It
improves dose homogeneity throughout the target volume and ensures adequate dose intensity around the prosthesis, the site
most at risk of local recurrence.