bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls in TRAP assay in routine detection of malignancy in effusions
Authors: Braunschweig Richard , Guilleret Isabelle , Delacrétaz Françoise , Bosman Fred T. , Mihaescu Anca , Benhattar Jean 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTelomerase has been found to be reactivated in a majority of cancers but is inactive in most somatic cells. Our principal goal was to determine the potential use of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay as marker for malignancy in cytological effusions. The simple selection criterion was the cytological diagnosis, and routine samples were classified into malignant (58 samples) and nonmalignant (233 samples). Of the malignant samples, 44/58 (76%) were positive by TRAP assay. Of the 14 telomerase‐negative cytology‐positive samples, RNA integrity was poor in 9, indicating suboptimal sample conservation for molecular analysis. In 3 of the remaining 5 samples with a negative TRAP assay, a high number of malignant cells was observed, and these cells might have been telomerase‐negative. Thus, the sensitivity of TRAP assay for the presence of malignant cells was about 76%. In the cytologically nonmalignant effusions, the presence of telomerase activity was observed in 24% (55/233). Of these, 6% were highly suspicious for malignancy, 9% were doubtful, and 9% were cytologically nonmalignant effusions confirmed by a follow‐up of 12 mo or more. According to these data, the specificity of the TRAP assay to detect tumor cells in effusions ranged only between 82–91%. Our results indicate that, although the TRAP assay is positive in 6–15% of putative malignant effusions, the relatively high number of TRAP false‐negative and false‐positive cases renders this test unsuitable for routine diagnostic purposes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:225–230, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma of bone: Case report
Authors: Cohen Isaac , Loberant Norman , Goldfeld Moshe , Volpin Gershon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the bone in a 77‐yr‐old man. The patient presented with a painful, enlarging mass in the left shoulder of 6 mo duration. Radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed a large destructive intramedullary lesion of the proximal humerus, with massive extension into the surrounding soft tissues. CT‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of both the bony and soft‐tissue lesions were performed. Cytological examination showed a neoplastic process composed of spindle cells mixed with pleomorphic cells. The smooth muscle origin of the neoplastic cells was confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis. We describe the cytological features of this rare primary tumor of bone, and consider the differential diagnosis of spindle‐cell neoplasms. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:239–243, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of lignans isolated from Hernandia nymphaeifolia on reactive oxygen species generation and calcium mobilization in human neutrophils
Authors: Chao Yu‐Ying , Jan Chung‐Ren , Ko Ying‐Chin , Chen Jih‐Jung , Chen Ih‐Sheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of five lignans isolated from Hernandia nymphaeifolia on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (O2– and H2O2) and Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils was investigated. The five lignans were epi‐yangambin, epi‐magnolin, epi‐aschantin, deoxypodophyllotoxin, and yatein. All five lignans (25–200 μM) suppressed the ROS generation induced by 20 μM N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) and 1 μM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) without altering the ROS generation induced by 0.1 μM arachidonic acid. In Ca2+‐containing medium, the lignans (50–100 μM) inhibited 20 μM fMLP‐ and 0.1 μM arachidonic acid‐induced increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i). In Ca2+‐free medium, the lignans (50–100 μM) inhibited 0.1 μM arachidonic acid‐induced [Ca2+]i increase without changing 20 μM fMLP‐induced [Ca2+]i increase. In Ca2+‐free medium, after depleting intracellular Ca2+ stores with fMLP and arachidonic acid, addition of 3 mM Ca2+ induced Ca2+ influx. However, the lignans inhibited fMLP‐ and arachidonic acid‐induced Ca2+ influx. Collectively, this study shows that the lignans alter ROS generation and Ca2+ signaling in human neutrophils in a multiple manner. Drug Dev. Res. 55:118–126, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diadenosine polyphosphates as extracellular signal molecules
Authors: Hoyle Charles H.V. , Hilderman Richard H. , Pintor Jesús J. , Schlüter Hartmut , King Brian F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDinucleoside polyphosphates are an interesting group of signalling molecules that control numerous physiological functions. Diadenosine compounds, with a backbone of anything from two to seven phosphates, are known to occur naturally. Some of them have been isolated from cerebral nerve terminals and, acting via nucleoside (P1), nucleotide (P2), or dinucleotide receptors, can affect central nervous system function. Many of them have been isolated from human blood platelet secretory granules and are potentially involved in haemostatic mechanisms and peripheral control of vascular tone. Many visceral organs respond to the application of adenine dinucleotides and, although they act on receptors in the periphery that can be mainly defined as either P1 or P2, evidence is now accumulating for discrete dinucleotide receptors. In the periphery, adenine dinucleotides can be potent agonists, with diverse functions, causing contraction or relaxation of smooth muscle. Many P2X receptor proteins and P2Y receptors have been cloned and adenine dinucleotides have a variable pharmacological profile at these receptors and may be useful tools for characterising subtypes of P2X and P2Y receptors. This review provides a broad description of the many extracellular roles of diadenosine polyphosphates as emerging, yet increasingly important, natural ligands for a plethora of structurally diverse mononucleotide and dinucleotide receptors. Drug Dev. Res. 52:260–273, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacological and endocrine characterization of A‐198401, an orally active GnRH antagonist, in intact and castrate male rat models
Authors: Besecke Leslie M. , Diaz Gilbert J. , Segreti Jason A. , Mohning Kurt M. , Cybulski Van A. , Rao Mira , Bush Eugene N. , Randolph John T. , Waid Philip L. , Haviv Fortuna , Wegner Craig D. , Greer Jonathan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins that maintain the reproductive axis in mammals. Efforts have focused on the characterization of novel, nonpeptidic orally active antagonists of the GnRH receptor. An erythromycin A derivative, A‐198401 (11‐deoxy‐11‐[carboxy (3,4‐dichlorophenethyl) amino]‐3‐O‐[4‐(S)‐methyl‐oxazolidin‐2‐one] carbamoyl‐5‐O‐(3′‐N‐desmethyl‐3′‐N‐cyclopropylmethyl) desosaminyl‐6‐O‐methyl‐erythronolide A 11,12‐(cyclic carbamate), showed nanomolar affinity for the human (CHO‐21) and rat GnRH receptors in vitro (pK values 8.7 ± 0.2 and 9.2 ± 0.14, respectively). In a functional in vitro assay, A‐198401 inhibited leuprolide‐induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from cultured rat pituitary cells with a pA2 value of 8.8. Intravenous (IV) dosing of A‐198401 in castrate male rats produced a significant dose‐dependent suppression of LH production with an ED80 value of 5.26 mg/kg. Sustained testosterone (T) suppression was observed after IV dosing of A‐198401 in the intact rat, with a 10‐mg/kg‐dose producing 9–24 h suppression. Analysis of the IV and PO data indicate that A‐198401 has a bioavailability of 15%. A‐198401 is a novel nonpeptide GnRH antagonist that produces significant and sustained suppression of LH and T production in animal models when dosed either IV or PO and may provide the basis for a therapeutic GnRH antagonist for the clinical treatment of reproductive hormone‐dependent diseases. Drug Dev. Res. 52:485–491, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increase of learning abilities and maturation of the vertical lobe complex during postembryonic development in the cuttlefish, Sepia
Authors: Dickel Ludovic , Chichery Marie‐Paule , Chichery Raymond 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen shown prawns in a glass tube, cuttlefish quickly learn to inhibit their predatory behavior. By using a visual learning paradigm, we studied training and retention performances of cuttlefish aged from 8 to 90 days. We found an improvement in the acquisition of learning abilities during the first 2 months of life as well as an increase of 24‐hr retention performance between 30 and 90 days of age. Using morphometric measurements of different lobes of the central nervous system, we correlated the emergence of these learning abilities with the postembryonic development of related nervous structures. Our results show that only the growth of the superior frontal and vertical lobes appears to be significantly correlated with the improvement of learning and long‐term retention performances. Thus, as found in earlier data collected in Octopus, the vertical lobe complex of the cuttlefish seems to be involved in these learning processes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 92–98, 2001
Severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: a comparative study of insulin lispro and regular human insulin
Authors: Ferguson Stewart C. , Strachan Mark W. J. , Janes Jonathan M. , Frier Brian M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the potential of insulin lispro to limit the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia without compromising glycaemic control in a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes who are at a high risk of severe hypoglycemia.Research design and methodsAn open‐label, randomised, 12‐month comparative crossover study of insulin lispro and regular human insulin was performed in 33 patients with type 1 diabetes with impaired hypoglycaemia awareness. The efficacy of each treatment was evaluated by glycaemic control (HbA1c), eight‐point home blood glucose profiles, and the frequency and severity of hypoglycaemic episodes and quality of life.ResultsEighteen (55%) patients experienced one or more episodes of severe hypoglycaemia in the 48 weeks of study. There was a trend to a lower incidence of severe hypoglycaemia during treatment with insulin lispro in comparison with regular human insulin (55 vs 84 episodes, p=0.087). This resulted principally from a 47% lower incidence of nocturnal severe hypoglycaemia with insulin lispro (25 vs 47 episodes, p=0.11). The lower frequency of severe hypoglycaemia associated with insulin lispro was not explained by differences in glycated haemoglobin between insulin treatments (HbA1c 9.1% insulin lispro vs 9.3% regular human insulin).ConclusionsIn individuals with type 1 diabetes, who have impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia, treatment with insulin lispro may be associated with a lower incidence of severe hypoglycaemia manifested predominantly through less frequent nocturnal episodes. Insulin lispro may have a beneficial role in the management of patients with diabetes at risk of severe hypoglycaemia, although a larger study is required to confirm these findings. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of LDL as determinant of its susceptibility to in vitro oxidation in patients with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes
Authors: Scheffer P. G. , Bakker S. J. L. , Popp‐Snijders C. , Heine R. J. , Schutgens R. B. H. , Teerlink T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vascular wall plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to characterise how different constituents of LDL contribute to its in vitro oxidisability.MethodsThe LDL composition, i.e. lipids, antioxidants, fatty acids, plasmenylcholines, and baseline level of conjugated dienes (CD) of 94 well‐controlled and normolipidaemic type 2 diabetic patients was measured. Two oxidisability indices were determined: the lag time, reflecting the resistance of LDL to copper‐induced oxidation, and the amount of conjugated dienes formed during oxidation of LDL.ResultsThe lag time was not related to the total level of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but a strong inverse relationship was observed with fatty acids with three or more double bonds (r=−0.56, p<0.001). In addition, an inverse relation was observed between the lag time and LDL‐plasmenylcholine (r=−0.35, p<0.001). Although not related to lag time in univariate analysis, α‐tocopherol was a significant determinant in multiple regression analysis. A multiple linear regression model with LDL polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds, α‐tocopherol, monounsaturated fatty acids, and plasmenylcholines as determinants explained 47% of the variation in lag time. CD production was negatively correlated to oleic acid and positively to linoleic acid (r=−0.45 and r=0.73, respectively; p<0.001).ConclusionsFatty acids with three or more double bonds were the most important predictor of LDL lag time, whereas oleic acid and linoleic acid were major determinants of the amount of CD formed during oxidation of LDL. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type IIA procollagen: Expression in developing chicken limb cartilage and human osteoarthritic articular cartilage
Authors: Nah Hyun‐Duck , Swoboda Bernd , Birk David E. , Kirsch Thorsten 
Published: August 2002

AbstractType IIA procollagen is an alternatively spliced product of the type II collagen gene and uniquely contains the cysteine (cys)–rich globular domain in its amino (N)–propeptide. To understand the function of type IIA procollagen in cartilage development under normal and pathologic conditions, the detailed expression pattern of type IIA procollagen was determined in progressive stages of development in embryonic chicken limb cartilages (days 5–19) and in human adult articular cartilage. Utilizing the antibodies specific for the cys‐rich domain of the type IIA procollagen N‐propeptide, we localized type IIA procollagen in the pericellular and interterritorial matrix of condensing pre‐chondrogenic mesenchyme (day 5) and early cartilage (days 7–9). The intensity of immunostaining was gradually lost with cartilage development, and staining became restricted to the inner layer of perichondrium and the articular cap (day 12). Later in development, type IIA procollagen was re‐expressed at the onset of cartilage hypertrophy (day 19). Different from type X collagen, which is expressed throughout hypertrophic cartilage, type IIA procollagen expression was transient and restricted to the zone of early hypertrophy. Immunoelectron microscopic and immunoblot analyses showed that a significant amount of the type IIA procollagen N‐propeptide, but not the carboxyl (C)–propeptide, was retained in matrix collagen fibrils of embryonic limb cartilage. This suggests that the type IIA procollagen N‐propeptide plays previously unrecognized roles in fibrillogenesis and chondrogenesis. We did not detect type IIA procollagen in healthy human adult articular cartilage. Expression of type IIA procollagen, together with that of type X collagen, was activated by articular chondrocytes in the upper zone of moderately and severely affected human osteoarthritic cartilage, suggesting that articular chondrocytes, which normally maintain a stable phenotype, undergo hypertrophic changes in osteoarthritic cartilage. Based on our data, we propose that type IIA procollagen plays a significant role in chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy during normal cartilage development as well as in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flanking regulatory sequences of the locus encoding the murine GDNF receptor, c‐ret, directs lac Z (β‐galactosidase) expression in developing somatosensory system
Authors: Sukumaran Madhu , Waxman Stephen G. , Wood John N. , Pachnis Vassilis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRET forms the catalytic component within the receptor complex that transmits signals from the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors. To study the mechanisms regulating the cell‐type specific expression of this gene, we have cloned and characterised the murine c‐ret locus. A cosmid contig comprising approximately 60 kb of the mouse genome encompassing the entire structural gene and flanking sequences have been isolated and the transcription initiation site identified and promoter characterised. The murine c‐ret promoter lacks a TATA initiation motif and has GC enriched DNA sequences reminiscent of CpG islands. Analysis of transgenic mice lines bearing the Lac Z (β‐galactosidase) reporter gene under the control of 5′ flanking sequences show modularity in the organisation of cis‐regulatory domains within the locus. Cloned 5′ flanking sequences comprise a distal regulatory domain directing Lac Z expression at the primitive streak, lateral mesoderm and facial ganglia and a proximal sensory neurones specific regulatory domain inducing Lac Z expression primarily within the developing somatosensory system. The spatial and temporal progression of transgene expression precisely recapitulates endogenous gene expression in developing sensory ganglia including its induction in postnatal Isolectin B4 binding nociceptive neurones. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ): Information regarding its psychometric properties
Authors: Rieger Elizabeth , Touyz Stephen W. , Beumont Peter J. V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) was developed to assess patients' readiness to recover from anorexia nervosa. In this article we present additional findings supporting the psychometric properties of the ANSOCQ.MethodForty‐four inpatients with anorexia nervosa participated in the study. At the time of admission, patients were requested to complete the ANSOCQ as well as several other self‐report questionnaires assessing constructs related to readiness to change.ResultsThe ANSOCQ demonstrated good construct‐related validity in that significant correlations emerged between the ANSOCQ and instruments assessing the theoretically related constructs of decisional balance and self‐efficacy.DiscussionHaving developed a reliable and valid self‐report questionnaire for the assessment of readiness to change in anorexia nervosa, the ANSOCQ provides a means of addressing motivational hypotheses which have been advanced in the context of eating disorders. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 24–38, 2002.
Urine electrolytes as markers of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Crow Scott J. , Rosenberg Mark E. , Mitchell James E. , Thuras Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN) is often delayed because patients are frequently secretive about the illness. Prior work has examined several potential diagnostic markers, none of which has been both highly sensitive and specific. Little is known about the utility of urine electrolytes in detecting BN symptoms.MethodSeventy‐seven women with BN and 53 control women participated in the study. Urine and serum electrolytes and urine phenolthalein screens were obtained. Subjects with BN also completed a self‐report instrument (the Eating Behaviors IV) regarding vomiting during the week prior to assessment. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to examine the predictive abilities of urine and serum electrolytes.ResultsBulimic and control subjects differed significantly on most electrolyte measures. The ratio of urine sodium to urine chloride was the best predictor of bulimic behavior; selecting individuals with a ratio of >1.16 identified 51.5% of BN subjects with a 5% false‐positive rate. Fractional excretion of sodium (FENA), urine anion gap (UAG), and serum potassium values were also predictive of BN but serum hypokalemia was not more common in BN than in control subjects (4.1% vs. 0%; p = .15). Vomiting frequency was correlated with an abnormal UAG (r2 = .2231) but not FENA, nor serum potassium.ConclusionThe ratio of urine sodium to urine chloride is a useful predictor of bulimic behavior that appears to be more powerful in detecting BN than traditional screening measures such as serum hypokalemia. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 279–287, 2001.
The growth rate of Trivelpiece–Gould modes excited in a beam–plasma system
Authors: Morimoto Toshifumi , Mori Ichiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen an electron beam is injected into a low‐pressure gas (about 10−4 Torr), various waves are produced by the beam–plasma interactions. These waves are expressed by Trivelpiece–Gould modes that consider the boundary conditions. The growth rate has almost never been sought until now. In this paper, we explain which modes are strongly excited when the gas pressure is changed in a beam–plasma system based on the results of improving the linear dispersion relation used by Trivelpiece and Gould and performing the calculations in complex numbers. The properties of the waves found by this calculation are compared with our experimental results. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(4): 9–15, 2001
Parallel processing of steady‐state analysis for a power electronic system by PVM3
Authors: Kato Toshiji , Minato Hirotaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is important to get a steady‐state operation of a power electronic circuit for its design. The shooting method, which is one of the steady‐state analysis methods, solves a boundary value condition which equates initial values to final values after one‐period transient. This paper proposes how to process the analysis in parallel by using a Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM3) system. In particular, the multiple shooting method (MSM) which divides the shooting time into subsections is suitable because it can parallel numerical processes for the divided shooting times by using multiple CPU units independently. This parallel method is applied to converter examples which are processes by PVM3. The computed results are investigated for their convergence and CPU times to check their parallel effects. According to the MSM algorithm, CPU times are reduced almost to one‐fifth by using five computer units from a PVM3 system example. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 135(2): 69–76, 2001