bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide Y in Juvenile Migraine and Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Gallai Virgilio , Sarchielli Paola , Trequattrini Alberto , Paciaroni Maurizio , Usai Francesca , Palumbo Renato 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout sympathetic nerve endings where it is co‐stored and co‐secreted with noradrenaline. It is considered a marker of noradrenergic function. To determine the role of NPY in the pathogenesis of juvenile headache, we determined its plasma levels in two groups of young migraine patients (with and without aura), in a group of episodic tension‐type headache patients and in a group of age and sex‐matched healthy subjects. Significantly lower plasma levels of NPY were evident in the migraine patients with aura (P<0.001) and, to lesser extent, in the migraine patients without aura (P<0.02), both assessed in the interictal period, with respect to the control group. Plasma NPY levels tended to significantly increase during attacks in migraine patients with aura (P<0.0009). A less evident, though significant increase was also present during attacks in migraine patients without aura (P<0.02). No significant variations were observed between headache‐free periods and attacks in tension‐type headache patients. Reduced NPY levels in the interictal period can be considered further evidence of the derangement of the sympathetic function in the course of migraine, particularly that with aura. The increase in NPY levels during migraine attacks could be an expression of sympathetic activation, even though the functional status of this system is less efficient.
Geomagnetic Activity, Humidity, Temperature and Headache: Is, There Any Correlation?
Authors: Matteis G. De , Vellante M. , Marrelli A. , Villante U. , Santalucia P. , Tuzi P. , Prencipe M. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMeteorological factors influence several biological functions. Geomagnetic activity (GMA) can be considered a trigger factor of migraine attacks. We studied the possible relationship between 40 migraine patients and some meteorological factors: humidity, temperature and geomagnetic activity in particular. All frequency changes of geomagnetic activity, temperature and humidity values are recorded daily.The study was performed from March to June 1988 over a geographically small area in order to avoid climatic and environmental influences. Our results indicate a significant correlation between geomagnetic activity and migraine attack frequency.Controversial opinions concerning the modalities of data collection and the possible relationships between environment and headache raise the need of further studies.
Chronic Tension‐Type Headache, Mood Depression and Serotonin: Therapeutic Effects of Fluvoxamine and Mianserine
Authors: Manna Vincenzo , Bolino Francesca , Cicco Loredana Di 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISForty out‐patients affected by chronic tension‐type headache were selected according to the diagnostic criteria of International Headache Society (IHS) Headache Classification Committee. In a controlled trial patients received placebo for a four‐week baseline period, then they were randomized in double‐blind fashion to therapy with mianserine (30‐60 mg/day) or fluvoxamine (50‐100 mg/day) for another eight‐week period. Frequency of headache, pain severity and analgesic consumption were evaluated using a self‐monitoring system. Mood depression was evaluated at 0, 4 and 8 weeks by using Zung'ss Self‐Rating Depression Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Both drugs were beneficial in the treatment of chronic tension‐type headache. Non‐depressed subjects with more severe headache responded best to fluvoxamine, whereas mianserine was more effective in the treatment of depressed patients with moderate headache. These results suggest that central serotoninergic neurotransmission can play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic tension‐type headache also in non‐depressed patients.
Subcutaneous Sumatriptan in a Clinical Setting: The First 100 Consecutive Patients With Acute Migraine in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sheftell Fred D. , Weeks Randall E. , Rapoport Alan M. , Siegel Sheryl , Baskin Steven , Arrowsmith Frances 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe first 100 consecutive patients at our center receiving subcutaneous sumatriptan (6 mg) were evaluated over a total of 455 migraine attacks. Parameters included overall efficacy, average time to relief, recurrence rate, average time to recurrence, adverse events, comparison to previous abortive agents, and subjective global ratings. Overall efficacy (defined as headache severity reduction from severe or moderate to mild or none) was 84%. Average time to relief was 40 minutes. Nine percent failed to respond at all. Recurrence rate was 46.5% with 36% of patients having no recurrence. Fourteen percent of patients reported 100% recurrence (minimum 3 attacks; average 5.4 attacks). Time to recurrence varied widely, but averaged 9.1 hours. Eighty‐one percent rated the drug better or much better than previous abortive medications in terms of sumatriptan's ability to abort the attack. Seventy‐seven percent reported some adverse event (generally mild and transient) with 23% reporting no adverse events, Sixty‐nine percent reported a global rating of Good to Excellent and 31% rated Poor or Fair. The rate of recurrence and average time to recurrence were the most significant factors affecting the global ratings.These parameters were further evaluated with respect to a variety of subgroups: 1) migraine alone 2) migraine with coexistent tension‐type headache 3) drug‐induced headache (analgesic rebound headache) 4) posttraumatic headache 5) preventive versus no preventive medication 6) presence or absence of adverse events 7) presence or absence of recurrence and 8) average duration of migraine with no medication.
Cluster Headache: Pulse Rate Changes Evoked by Hyperoxia and Hypoxia
Authors: Shen Jie Ming , Schaanning Jan 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTo test the influence of arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) on heart rate in cluster headache, changes in pulse rate induced by hyperoxia and hypoxia were monitored in 11 cluster headache patients (6 during cluster period, and 5 during remission). The results were compared with those obtained in 11 age and sex matched healthy individuals. The subjects were administered 5 min each of 100% O2 and 12% O2 in nitrogen in sequence. The aim of the latter procedure was to reduce SaO2 to approximately 80%. Pulse rate wasrecorded every minute from a finger pulse oximeter during the whole procedure.Cluster headache patients, in particular during the bout, had a slightly lower basal pulse rate than controls (P>0.5, Student's t‐test).This tendency was maintained throughout the test. Hyperoxia and hypoxia resulted in a marked, significant decrease and increase,respectively, in pulse rate from baseline values within each group. However, the difference between groups was not significant at anystage. Cluster headache patients therefore seem to have the same heart rate response to changes in SaO2 as healthy individuals. Themarked heart rate changes which sometimes accompany cluster headache are unlikely to be caused by SaO2 changes.
Cluster Headache: The Peripheral Chemosensitivity as Indicated by the Single‐Breath CO2 Test
Authors: Shen Jie Ming , Schaanning Jan , Kruszewski Piotr , White Linda R. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA single‐breath CO2 test was carried out in cluster headache patients both during bout and remission, and in matchedhealthy individuals (n = 10 for each group) to assess peripheral chemosensitivity. The test subjects inhaled one tidal breath of13% CO2 in air. The response was expressed as the maximal increase in inspiratory minute ventilation (VI) within 20 secondsfrom the exposure to CO2, divided by the increase in end‐tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) (the difference in PCO2 between the testbreath and the preceding control breaths): DVI/DPETCO2.Under the initial resting condition, cluster headache patients within the bout showed a slight hyperventilation in that therewas a significantly reduced PETCO2 (P < 0.05, Student's paired t‐test), and during remission, higher VI, and a lower PETCO2 (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test), in comparison with the controls. There was no statistically significantdifference as regards the peripheral chemosensitivity between cluster headache and control groups. These results indicatethat cluster headache patients have an intact and properly‐functioning carotid body.
Periorbital Venous Vasculitis, Intracranial Hypertension and Empty Sella
Authors: Hannerz Jan , Greitz Dan , Ericson Kaj 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISSixteen patients with chronic periorbital venous vasculitis without nerve involvement and 9 patients with active episodic cluster headache were studied as to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Eighty‐one percent of the patients with chronic and 33% with episodic symptoms had pathologically increased CSF pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brains in the chronic group showed empty sella in 60%, cerebral atrophy in 21% and white matter lesions with high signal intensity on T2 weighted sequences in 29%. Abnormal obesity was found in 31% of the patients with chronic periorbital venous vasculitis under 60 years of age. Venous vasculitis is suggested as a cause of intracranial hypertension, empty sella, and endocrinologic dysfunctions.
Perimenstrual Migraine: Effect of Estraderm TTS(r) and the Value of Contingent Negative Variation and Exteroceptive Temporalis Muscle Suppression Test
Authors: Smite M.G. , van der Meer Y.G. , Pfeil J.P.J.M. , Rijnierse J.J.M.M. , Vos A.J.M. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn 20 patients with pure menstrual migraine either Estraderm TTS 50° patches (E) or placebo (P) patches were applied during three successive menstrual cycles, randomly allocated to the treatment sequences E‐P‐E or P‐E‐P. Clinical neurophysiological tests, contingent negative variation (CNV) and exteroceptive temporalis muscle suppression test (ETST) were performed before treatment. The predictive value of these tests regarding the efficacy of Estraderm TTS was studied.Neither the number, duration and severity of the migraine attacks, nor the consumption of analgesics and ergotamine differed significantly during Estraderm TTS and placebo treatment.The ETST was consistent with migraine in 35% (95% confidence interval 15.4 to 59.2) of the patients. The CNV in 55% (31.5 to 76.9), and both tests in 25% (8.7 to 49.1%).Regarding the prediction of the Estraderm TTS effect on the migraine attacks, the specificity of the ETST, CNV and the combination of ETST with CNV, calculated for the first two cycles, was respectively 81.8% (48.2 to 97.7), 45.5% (16.8 to 76.6) and 80% (28.4 to 99.5). For the last two cycles these values were respectively 75% (42.8 to 94.5), 50.0% (21.1 to 87.9) and 71.4% (29.0 to 96.3). The sensitivity of the tests was respectively 62.5% (24.5 to 91.5), 62.5% (24.5 to 91.5) and 66.7% (22.3 to 95.7) in the first 2 cycles. In the last 2 cycles 50.0% (15.1 to 84.3), 62.5% (24.5 to 91.5) and 60% (14.7 to 94.7).This study did not demonstrate an effectiveness of Estraderm TTS in perimenstrual migraine, except for the subgroup of perimenstrual migraine patients in whom the ETST test results were consistent with migraine.
How Cluster Headache is Explained as an Intracavernous Inflammatory Process Lesioning Sympathetic Fibers
Authors: Hardebo Jan Erik 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA large body of evidence points to an inflammatory process in the cavernous sinus and tributary veins as being primarily responsible for cluster headaches. The inflammation obliterates the venous outflow from the cavernous sinus on one side and injures the through‐running sympathetic fibers to the eye, upper eye lid, forehead skin, and the intracranial internal carotid artery and its branches. The active period ends when the inflammation is suppressed and the sympathetic fibers partially or fully recover. Evidence is presented that the symptoms suggestive of an enhanced parasympathetic activity during attacks may alternatively be explained as local pain fiber activation or a stasis in the outflow from the cavernous sinus. Vasodilator agents like nitroglycerin induce an attack by enhancing the venous load on the cavernous sinus. Constriction of the proximal intracranial internal carotid artery, spontaneously induced by tressful pain activation of the perivascular sympathetic nerves, or by exogenous administration of serotonin 1 D‐like receptor agonists or oxygen, terminates the venous load and thus the pain and associated symptoms.
“Capsaicin‐Sensitive” Sensory Neurons in Cluster Headache: Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Indication
Authors: Fusco Bruno M. , Fiore Giuseppe , Gallo Francesca , Martelletti Paolo , Giacovazzo Mario 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISCapsaicin, when repeatedly applied to the nasal mucosa of cluster headache patients, has been shown to prevent the occurrence of pain attacks. In order to investigate the mechanism of the drug's action, we evaluated the effect of repeated nasal application of capsaicin on the contents of sensory fibres immunoreactive to substance P and CGRP in the rat nasal mucosa. Further, considering the possible involvement of the cerebral circulation, we verified the effect of a single application of capsaicin on the blood flow velocity of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries (of both sides) and the basilar artery, in a group of healthy humans. The measurements were taken using Doppler devices. In order to verify the reproducibility of therapeutic effect of capsaicin, we carried out a 2‐year follow‐up study on patients affected by cluster headache (17 by episodic form, 8 by chronic form) who responded positively to the first treatment with capsaicin. During this period they were treated again with capsaicin in case of re‐occurrence of symptoms. Capsaicin depletes the fibers immunoreactive to substance P and CGRP in the rat nasal mucosa. In the healthy controls, a single application induced vasodilation in the internal carotid, whereas middle cerebral arteries and basilar artery were narrowed. The results of the follow‐up study, demonstrates that in 65% of the patients, the beneficial effect of capsaicin was again present when the treatment was repeated. In the chronic patients the therapeutic effect was always transitory (lasting, at maximum one month). The present findings indicate that a specific effect on the nociceptive fibers and perhaps the consequential reflex modifications in the cerebral circulation, could play a role in the therapeutic effect of capsaicin. This effect has been shown to be repeatable. The present results, apart from indicating future therapeutic strategies, also offered interesting clues for the interpretation of the pathophysiology of the syndrome.
MMPI Profiles of Turkish Headache Sufferers
Authors: Inan L. , Soykan C. , Tulunay F.C. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe investigations of personality traits have been the issue of many studies on patients with headache. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most popular assessment instrument used in these studies. MMPI responses of 36 cases (14 male, 22 female) with tension headache and 44 cases (11 male, 33 female) with migraine headache had been compared with 36 nonheadache controls (12 male, 24 female). Because of the inadequate number of male subjects, the statistical analyses were made between female groups. The results obtained revealed that subjects in the tension‐type headache group got significantly higher scores on neurotic subtests (hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria) than subjects in the control group. Likewise, migraine subjects got significantly higher scores on hysteria subtest than control subjects. No significant differences were noted between migraine and tension groups. However, none of the headache groups could be characterized by marked elevations on any of the validity and clinical scales. These results, support the finding that neurotic symptoms occur with a higher frequency in headache sufferers.
Headache and Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Weiner Saul J. , Ward Thomas N. , Ravaris Charles Lewis 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWhile headache is a documented side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), there is little information on this phenomenon. Studies of the mechanisms of ECT as a treatment for depression indicate that alterations in serotonergic neurotransmission appear to be related to its efficacy. While ECT and many of the antidepressant drugs have similar effects on serotonergic transmission, they are notably different in the changes they induce in type 2 receptors for 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). ECT upregulates 5‐HT2, and antidepressants down regulate the receptor's expression. 5‐HT2 receptor sensitization has been associated previously with headache genesis, which may explain why ECT induces headache, and amitriptyline relieves headache.In our study we surveyed 98 patients retrospectively about their experiences with headache prior to and following ECT. Of the 54 patients who submitted properly completed questionnaires, five reported new onset of headaches following ECT, four reported exacerbation of a previous headache problem, and two reported their headaches improved. The patients experienced changes in the character or location of pain, with a tendency to progress from tension‐type to migrainous headache. In all but two cases these developments persisted at least eight months after ECT. We discuss the possible reasons and significance of our findings.
Magnesium Content of Mononuclear Blood Cells in Migraine Patients
Authors: Gallai Virgilio , Sarchielli Paola , Morucci Piero , Abbritti Giuseppe 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISRecent research has shown that magnesium levels in serum, salivary secretions and red blood cells are reduced in migraine patients with and without aura, both ictally and interictally. This suggests that lower magnesium levels can contribute to the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying migraine attacks. It has been suggested that mononuclear magnesium content is a reliable index of magnesium nutritional status, as it is more closely related to the total body stores than other biochemical indices. Therefore we determined mononuclear magnesium content in adult migraine patients with and without aura, in headache‐free periods and, in a number of patients, during attacks. Migraine patients with and without aura, assessed in interictal periods, had a reduced mononuclear magnesium content compared to age‐matched healthy control subjects. No significant variations were observed between ictal and interictal periods in migraine patients with aura and without aura. The lower magnesium content in mononuclear cells could indirectly indicate the reduction of brain magnesium concentration, which has recently been demonstrated in the course of migraine.
Limb Pain and Headache
Authors: Raudino Francesco 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe occurrence of limb pain in close temporal relationship with headache was sought in 245 (185 women and 60 men) patients. Eleven patients (4.4% three men and eight women) had referred pain at least once, in one or more limbs in close temporal relationship with headache. Usually the pain was located in the upper limbs, was concomitant with the headache but could precede or follow it. The severity and length varied between patients but was relatively stable in the same subject. It is possible that this symptom is more frequent than believed so far and that many patients are misdiagnosed.
Headache and Neck Pain: The Warning Symptoms of Vertebral Artery Dissection
Authors: Sturzenegger Matthias 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe clinical features of headache and neck pain in 14 patients with extracranial vertebral artery dissection proven by angiography or magnetic resonance imaging are reported. Pain was always located on the side of the dissected vertebral artery. Whereas eleven patients had head and posterior neck pain, the others had either only posterior neck pain, no change of a chronic pre‐existing headache or no pain at all. Pain started suddenly, was of sharp quality and severe intensity, different from any previously experienced headache. Following acute onset, the time course of pain was monophasic with gradual remission of a persistent headache lasting one to three weeks. A delay between onset of head or posterior neck pain and onset of neurologic dysfunction was noted in 12 patients and was less than one day and between one day and three weeks in six each. Report of this distinct type of pain, although non‐specific as an isolated symptom, should raise suspicion of an underlying vertebral artery dissection. Early confirmation of this diagnosis and subsequent anticoagulation if dissection does not extend intracranially may help prevent vertebro‐basilar ischemic deficits.
Comparison Between Venoconstrictor Effects of Sumatriptan and Ergotamine in Migraine Patients
Authors: Panconesi Alessandro , Anselmi Bruno , Curradi Carlo , Perfetto Federico , Piluso Adriano , Franchi Giancarlo 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe vasoconstrictor activity of sumatriptan and ergotamine were compared by injecting these drugs in the hand vein of migraine subjects. We used the “venotest method”, which permits the evaluation of the venoconstrictor effect of small doses of drugs, acting locally in the hand vein.Sumatriptan injected at increasing doses in the hand vein provoked contraction only at high doses (500 μg): venoconstriction lasted 5–15 minutes and was similar in intensity and duration to that induced by 0.5‐1 μg of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). Likewise, ergotamine induced contraction only at a dose of 50 μg: this venoconstrictor effect was long lasting (at least I hour). Ergotamine‐induced hand vein contraction, almost completely inhibited by ketanserin, seems mediated at least in part by 5‐HT 2 receptors, like the one induced by 5‐HT and sumatriptan, already observed in a previous study.Clinical doses of ergotamine (0.25 mg intramuscular) and of sumatriptan (6 mg subcutaneous) do not provoke hand vein contraction for at least I hour: this could be due to a low activity of these drugs on the 5‐HT 2 vein receptors or a technique that is unsuitable to detect the vasoconstrictor effect of drugs given by the systemic route.The long lasting venoconstrictor effect of ergotamine may be due to a slow dissociation from receptor sites. The short vasoconstriction induced by sumatriptan could account for the recurrence of headache in many sumatriptan‐treated migraine subjects.
Continuous Chronic Tension‐Type Headache Unaffected by Two Hours of Frontalis and Trapezius Relaxation
Authors: Richman Joel L. , Haas David C. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISFourteen patients with the continuous form of chronic tension‐type headache maintained electromyographically documented relaxation of frontalis and trapezius muscles for two consecutive hours. The headache intensity of the group did not decrease from the beginning to the end of the recording session. This result is evidence against tonic muscle tension as the mechanism of this form of headache.
Referred Headache of Rhinogenic Origin in the Absence of Sinusitis
Authors: Clerico Dean Michael , Fieldman Robert 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISNasal signs and symptoms commonly accompany cephalgia in some headache syndromes. Head pain associated with sinusitis is also fairly well‐recognized. However, referred cephalgia of rhinogenic origin, in the absence of sinonasal symptoms or disease, is poorly understood. We report a case of a patient with chronic and severe headache for whom neurological and neurosurgical evaluation failed to reveal an etiology, but who possessed an intranasal anatomical variant (without sinusitis). Her headache resolved after endoscopic nasal surgery. We discuss the mechanisms of such referred pain, and the recent technological advances that made the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder possible.