bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the helium atom ground state through the Hamilton–Jacobi equation
Authors: Nascimento D. L. , Fonseca A. L. A. , Portilho O. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe provide a new analysis of the helium atom problem using Hamilton–Jacobi classical theory combined with the Sommerfeld quantization rule. The study is performed by reducing the three‐body problem to an effective one‐body problem, and it is shown that the theory is capable of reproducing (with a precision of 2%) the atomic ground‐state binding energy. We have also obtained the exact asymptotic limit for the ground state of the helium ion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Dynamic interaction between polarons and torsional vibrations in conjugated polymers
Authors: de Brito Alexandre Naves , e Silva Geraldo Magela 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe propose a model for the electronic interaction associated with torsional and bond length vibrations in quasi‐one‐dimensional chains of conjugated polymers. The model admits conformational bond length objects like polarons and bipolarons and torsional modes of vibration. It is shown that the dynamics of these objects can be studied by numerically integrating the corresponding time‐dependent equations of motion for the bond length; ring torsion angle, and π‐electrons. An extension of the PPP and SSH models is numerically solved using the time‐dependent Hartree–Fock approximation. A wide range of conducting polymers is simulated by varying the moment of inertia of the monomers [ranging from polypyrrole to poly(3‐hexyl)thiophene]. The stereometric interactions between chains are parametrically considered with different torsional potentials. The results show that polarons and bipolarons are trapped between the antinodes of torsional vibration modes with wavelengths larger than their widths. This effect damps down their mobility. We also found that torsional vibration modes with very long wavelengths or wavelengths shorter than the width of polarons and bipolarons produce almost no effect on their propagation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Substituent effect of large conjugate groups on the DNA base pair derivatives: Density functional study
Authors: Meng Fancui , Wang Huanjie , Xu Weiren , Liu Chengbu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe substituent effects caused by 2‐nitro‐naphthalen (aNO2), 2‐hydroxyl‐naphthalen (aOH), 1‐nitro‐4‐vinyl‐benzene (bNO2), and 1‐hydroxyl‐4‐vinyl‐benzene (bOH) have been investigated in this report. The geometries of various substituted base pairs have been optimized using the B3LYP method at the 6‐31G* level with no constraints. The vertical ionization potential energy has been calculated. Natural bond orbital (NBO) and CHelp analyses have also been carried out on both the neutral and cationic systems at the same level. The outcomes show that the hydrogen bond lengths of these substituted base pairs are similar to unsubstituted bases, while the geometries of the substituted bases have an interesting aspect; i.e., the substituent and the substituted base are nonplanar when the substituted base is pyrimide, while it is coplanar when the substituted base is purine. The stabilization energies changed slightly as compared with the corresponding A:T or G:C base pairs. NBO analysis shows that charge transfer is the largest in aOH‐T:A, while it is small in the other derivatives. Population analysis shows that the NPA and Mulliken charge of H has a relationship with the H‐bond lengths, while that of Chelp does not. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
A parallel search game
Authors: Goyal Navin , Saks Michael 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe answer in negative a question of Gál and Miltersen [Proc 30th Int Coll Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP) 2003, pp. 332–344] about a combinatorial game arising in the study of time‐space trade‐offs for data structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2005
Combat Casualty Care Research: From Bench to the Battlefield
Authors: Alam Hasan B. , Koustova Elena , Rhee Peter 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of death in civilian and combat trauma. Effective hemorrhage control and better resuscitation strategies have the potential of saving lives. The Trauma Readiness and Research Institute for Surgery (TRRI‐Surg) was established to address the core mission of the Uniformed Services University, “Learning to Care for Those in Harm’s Way,” by conducting research to improve the outcome of combat casualties. This article highlights the salient achievements of this research effort in the areas of hemorrhage control, resuscitation, design and testing of devices, and some novel concepts such as the use of profound hypothermia. The impact of these basic science research findings on changes in military medical care and outcome of injured soldiers is also described.
Wound Healing Enhancement: Electroporation to Address a Classic Problem of Military Medicine
Authors: Ferguson Mark , Byrnes Colman , Sun Leon , Marti Guy , Bonde Pramod , Duncan Mark , Harmon John W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe major goal of wound healing biology is to determine how a wound can be induced to repair damaged tissue faster and more efficiently. Enhancement of dermal and epidermal regeneration is an extremely important goal for the treatment of many different types of wounds. Exogenous application of growth factors to the wound site has been shown to have potential to improve wound healing. Frequent applications of large amounts of growth factor have been required. This is because proteases in the wound quickly destroy peptide growth factor. Gene therapy has the potential to produce growth factors deep within the wound, where they can be effective as well as able to constantly replenish growth factor that is destroyed by peptidases. We have shown that application of plasmid DNA expression vectors directly into the wound is an inefficient modality. Electroporation, the application of an electrical field across cells to permeabilize the cell membrane has led us to explore the possibility of utilizing the technique to enhance transfection efficiency. We have identified electroporation parameters that improve the efficiency of DNA transfection in cutaneous wounds, and we have shown that electroporation itself does not impair wound healing. We are now on the threshold of exploring whether electroporation‐assisted transfection with DNA plasmid expression vectors for growth factors will be an effective modality for enhancing cutaneous wound healing.
The Military Medical School of Mexico: A Tradition of Excellence
Authors: Villavicencio J. Leonel , Merrill Daniel M. , Rich Norman M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt is a historical fact that warfare and surgery have been linked together as far back as military history has been recorded. In the 18th century, the tendency of most armies to dismiss their medical services at the end of every major conflict resulted in higher mortality at the beginning of the next war. This became evident in the French and British Armies during the Battle of Waterloo. These countries went to great efforts to mobilize their civilian reserve physicians, only to discover that more than half of the medical personnel declined to serve. The scarcity of physicians and the inexperience of those caring for the wounded resulted in a high casualty rate. The current armed conflicts throughout the world with their high number of victims are living evidence of the need for preparedness of the military medical personnel. In this article, we review the systems of military medical education in several countries, and offer the example of the Escuela Medico Militar (Military Medical School) of Mexico, a prestigious source of military medical physicians for the Mexican armed forces.
Experience of Treating Gunshot Wounds of Large Vessels in Afghanistan
Authors: Brusov P. G. , Nikolenko V. K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe problem of treating injuries of large vessels in times of peace has been sufficiently well developed both in theoretical and practical aspects. In times of war, however, due to the large numbers of the wounded, a shortage of expert angiosurgeons, and multiple gunshot wounds, many theoretical tenets lose their academic regularity. The present study is based on the experience of treating 302 patients wounded during the Afghanistan war (1981–1985). Most of the injuries were to the vessels of the extremities. The gunshot wounds were complex. They included extensive destruction of tissue in the damaged segments of the extremities with simultaneous damage of large veins (42.0% of the cases), nerves (45.5%), and bones (47.4%). Multiple‐vessel injuries were encountered in 4% of the cases, with combined injuries comprising 17.5%. Most of the wounded (83.7%) were in a state of shock, with 6.4% in a terminal condition. The blood loss amounted to 15% to 65% of the total volume. Ninety percent of the wounded were admitted to hospitals in the first 6 hours. A two‐stage method was used to treat 71 of the wounded. The method included temporary bypass of the injured arteries and veins while evacuating the wounded and during surgery. Two hundred ninety‐five wounded underwent vessel surgery. Out of the total number of injuries of arteries and veins, vessel sutures were used in 36.9% and 35.9% of the cases, vessel plastics in 41.4% and 7.1% of the cases, and vessel ligation in 21.7% and 60.0% of the cases, respectively. Surgery was completed by fixing the bone fragments externally with the help of special devices using the Ilizarov method. Amputation was performed in 13.9% of the cases. In 7.3% of the cases amputation was performed according to primary indications (no reconstructive surgery attempted on the vessels). In 6.6% of the cases extremities were amputated during the early postoperative period as a result of vessel thrombosis and an increase of tissue ischemia. The mortality rate after vessel surgery was 5.3%. We believe that for patients with gunshot wounds involving vessel injuries, early one‐time reconstruction of the destroyed anatomical structures should be performed.
Who owns scientific data? The impact of intellectual property rights on the scientific publication chain
Authors: Elliott Roger 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTIntellectual property rights have become increasingly important in scientific research. As the legal regime has been tightened and attitudes of funders, employers and researchers have changed, serious challenges are emerging to the free flow of ideas and information on which the scientific enterprise rests. It is important that individual scientists are aware of their rights and convinced to use them in the public good.
Serving science while paying the bills: the history of the Journal of Biological Chemistry Online
Authors: Simoni Robert D. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTRecent developments in the publication of the Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC) are discussed, particularly the development of the electronic version of the Journal, JBC Online, and the opportunities and challenges that this mode of publication has presented to its publisher, the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) and its mission of service.
Hodgkin's disease variant of Richter's syndrome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients previously treated with fludarabine
Authors: Fong Dominic , Kaiser Alexandra , Spizzo Gilbert , Gastl Guenther , Tzankov Alexandar 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) into large‐cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome, RS) is a well‐documented phenomenon. Only rarely does CLL transform into Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). To further analyse the clinico‐pathological and genetic findings in the HL variant of RS, we performed a single‐institution study in four patients, who developed HL within a mean of 107 months after diagnosis of CLL. All were treated with fludarabine. Three cases were Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated mixed cellularity (MC) HL, the fourth was nodular sclerosis (NS) HL without EBV association. The sites involved by HL included supra‐ and infradiaphragmal lymph nodes and the tonsils; stage IV disease was also documented. All patients presented with CLL treatment‐resistant lymphadenopathies and B‐symptoms. In two of the MC cases, molecular analysis performed on CLL samples and microdissected Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells (HRSC) suggested a clonal relationship, while in NS no indication of a clonal relationship was detected. In summary, HL can occur in CLL patients at any site, up to 17 years after initial diagnosis, especially after treatment with fludarabine. The majority present with B‐symptoms and CLL treatment‐resistant lymphadenopathy, are of the MC type, clonally related to CLL and might be triggered by an EBV infection.
Increased incidence of EBV‐related disease following paediatric stem cell transplantation with reduced‐intensity conditioning
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Gandhi Minal , Naik Paru , Cubitt David , Rao Kanchan , Thaker Urvashi , Graham Davies E. , Bobby Gaspar H. , Amrolia Persis J. , Veys Paul 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe incidence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viraemia and lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) was studied in a consecutive cohort of 128 paediatric patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC; n = 65) or conventional‐intensity conditioning (CIC; n = 68). Following CIC, six of 68 (8%) developed viraemia; all remained asymptomatic. EBV viraemia (23 of 65 patients = 35%, P < 0·001) and LPD (10 of 65 = 15%, P < 0·001) were significantly more frequent following RIC. Of the 23 RIC patients who developed viraemia, eight remained asymptomatic, five had symptomatic viraemia (fever ± rash), and 10 patients developed LPD, two of whom died. An absolute lymphocyte count of <0·3 × 109/l at the time of onset of viraemia was strongly predictive of development of LPD (P < 0·05) in this group. The incidence of viraemia was significantly higher in patients receiving serotherapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG; 15 of 43, 35%) than Campath (12 of 73, 16·4%, P < 0·05). Primary immunodeficiency and acute graft‐versus‐host disease were associated with EBV viraemia in univariate analysis, but were not independent risk factors. In conclusion, EBV viraemia and LPD appear to be significantly more common in children following RIC SCT, particularly with selective depletion of recipient T cells relative to B cells following the use of ATG. This probably reflects the profound immunosuppression following RIC SCT, together with the incomplete ablation of recipient‐derived B cells.
Impact of epoetin‐β on survival of patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies: long‐term follow up of a large randomized study*
Authors: Österborg Anders , Brandberg Yvonne , Hedenus Michael 
Published: April 2005

SummaryRecent studies have suggested that epoetin treatment of anaemia may influence the survival of patients with cancer. We conducted an analysis of long‐term survival in patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies treated with epoetin‐β or placebo in a large‐scale study. This was a randomized, double‐blind trial in which patients with transfusion‐dependent anaemia and lymphoproliferative malignancy received epoetin‐β 150 IU/kg or placebo three times weekly for 16 weeks. Long‐term survival data were analysed by standard Kaplan–Meier methods and differences between groups were assessed using a log‐rank test. The intention‐to‐treat population consisted of 343 patients (epoetin‐β, n = 170; placebo, n = 173). There were no major differences between the two treatment groups in demographic or clinical characteristics/prognostic factors. A total of 110 (65%) patients died in the epoetin‐β group (censored, n = 60) and 109 (63%) died in the placebo group (censored, n = 64) up to the end of long‐term follow up. Kaplan–Meier curves for survival were similar in both groups. Median survival was 17 months with epoetin‐β and 18 months with placebo. A log‐rank test indicated no significant difference in survival (P = 0·76). This long‐term follow up indicated that epoetin‐β has no significant effect on survival compared to placebo in anaemic patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies.
Del (9q) AML: clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications
Authors: Peniket Andrew , Wainscoat James , Side Lucy , Daly Sarah , Kusec Rajko , Buck Georgina , Wheatley Keith , Walker Helen , Chatters Steve , Harrison Christine , Boultwood Jacqueline , Goldstone Anthony , Burnett Alan 
Published: April 2005

SummaryDel (9q) is a recurrent cytogenetic abnormality in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We report an analysis of 81 patients with del(9q) as a diagnostic karyotypic abnormality entered into the Medical Research Council AML trials 10, 11 and 12. Patients were divided into three groups: (i) Sole del (9q), 21 patients; (ii) Del(9q) in association with t(8;21), 29 patients; (iii) Del(9q) in association with other cytogenetic abnormalities, 31 patients. Sole del(9q) was associated with a characteristic bone marrow phenotype at diagnosis: a single Auer rod was found in all cases examined. There was also an association with erythroid dysplasia (74%) and granylocytic lineage vacuolation (90%). The incidence of all three of these features was significantly higher (P < 0·05) in the sole del(9q) group compared with control cases lacking del(9q). The overall survival (OS) of all 81 patients was compared with a control group of 1738 patients with normal cytogenetics entered in the same trials over the period of investigation. The 5‐year OS for patients with del(9q) was 45%, compared with 35% for the control group (P = 0·09). Patients with del(9q) in association with t(8;21) had a 5‐year OS of 75%, which was significantly better than the groups with either sole del(9q) (40%) and del(9q) with other abnormalities (26%; P = 0·008). Karyotyping indicated a common area of deletion in the region 9q21–22, which was present in 94% of cases. It is likely that the deletion of single or multiple tumour suppressor genes located in this region may underlie the pathogenesis of del (9q) AML.
Co‐inheritance of the Hb Sun Prairie mutation with a point mutation at 5′‐UTR in the eastern Indian population
Authors: Sarkar Anjali A. , Mukhopadhyay Chaitali , Chandra Sharmila , Banerjee Subrata , Das M. K. , Dasgupta Uma B 
Published: April 2005

SummaryHaemoglobin (Hb) Sun Prairie (α2‐globin cd130, GCT→CCT, Ala→Pro) is detected in three unrelated chromosomes, in association with a C→T transition in the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), two bases upstream from the translation start site. Reported inversion of α/β‐mRNA ratio observed in Hb Sun Prairie mutants might stem from the second mutation and should be investigated. Molecular modelling studies indicate that the 130th residue of α‐globin faces primarily the central cavity of the molecule and is not in contact with any β‐chain residue; further, no significant disruption of the Hb structure because of the Sun Prairie mutation is discernible. Depression of translation because of the second mutation of a conserved base in the 5′‐UTR might explain the observed clinical severity.
The immune response to primary EBV infection: a role for natural killer cells
Authors: Williams Hilary , McAulay Karen , Macsween Karen F. , Gallacher Neil J. , Higgins Craig D. , Harrison Nadine , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe role of antigen‐specific CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the control of primary Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) infection is well established. However, time is required for the antigen‐specific immune response to develop and expand. In contrast, innate immune responses, such as natural killer (NK) cells, are considered vital early in the infection process. We analysed the scale, phenotype and function of the NK cell response during symptomatic primary EBV infection, infectious mononucleosis (IM) and showed that NK cell numbers were significantly elevated both at diagnosis of IM and in the first month following diagnosis. There were also significant changes in cell phenotype and function, an increase in the proportion of CD56bright cells at diagnosis, and freshly isolated cells showing an enhanced ability to kill EBV‐infected cell lines. Moreover, in our cohort of IM patients higher NK cell counts were associated with significantly lower viral load in peripheral blood. Our results suggest NK cells have an important role in the control of primary EBV infection by eliminating infected B cells and augmenting the antigen‐specific T cell response via release of immunomodulatory cytokines. The magnitude of the NK cell response may ultimately determine whether primary EBV infection has a clinical outcome.
Double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenges for peanut allergy the efficiency of blinding procedures and the allergenic activity of peanut availability in the recipes
Authors: Van Odijk J. , Ahlstedt S. , Bengtsson U. , Borres M. P , Hulthén L. 
Published: April 2005

Background:  A firm diagnosis of double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) would facilitate the diagnosis in patients with uncertain history of reaction. Guidelines are lacking for an upper provoking dose and how to hide high concentrations of peanuts.Aim:  To develop and evaluate a double‐blind recipe with minimum 10% of peanut. To compare the recipe with published recipes regarding blindness, taste, texture and immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibody binding to peanut.Methods:  A recipe (I) with 10% of peanut was developed evaluated and used in DBPCFC. The challenges were followed by development of a concentrated recipe (II) (15% peanut, 25% fat). Recipe II was compared with the only published recipe (III) (11% peanut, 7% fat) regarding taste, texture and availability of peanut. Recipe IV (12% peanut, 10% fat) was developed using the same methods. The binding of IgE in the recipes was measured using an inhibition method.Results:  During challenges, one patient reacted after 4 g, emphasizing the need for blinding recipes containing high doses of peanut. Evaluation between recipes II and III, only recipe II was regarded as blind by the taste panels. A tenfold lower availability of peanut protein in the recipe II was found at 50% of inhibition. Recipe IV had a better IgE binding that did not differ from the original peanut extract.Conclusion:  The peanut taste and texture can be hidden in a challenge medium. The fat content was important for the availability of the allergenic protein in challenges. The availability of allergens must be taken into consideration when used for DBPCFC.