bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting the Health Care Needs of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Clancy Carolyn M. , Andresen Elena M. 
Published: March 2003

The mission of the agency for healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is to conduct and fund research to support improvement in health outcomes; strengthen quality measurement and improvement; and identify strategies to improve access to, encourage the appropriate use of, and reduce unnecessary expenditures in health care. The AHRQ's reauthorization (1999) directed the agency to address health care issues for such priority populations as low‐income groups, minorities, women, children, the elderly, the disabled, and other individuals with special health care needs.One of the AHRQ's responses was to establish the Office of Priority Populations Research to provide leadership for research on the improvement of health care for these populations. To achieve this goal, we are developing an agenda that addresses these populations' needs and also collaborates with other research funders. Identifying opportunities for health care research that improves health care for persons with disabilities (PWDs) will inevitably lead to debates about the relevance of current and prior research, whether the experiences of any of these populations are unique or shared with other groups, and how these research needs can best be met.The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has established the Office of Priority Populations Research and is currently developing a research agenda to improve health care for persons with disability (PWDs). This article describes the background of and potential for the AHRQ disability agenda and some of the challenges ahead and considers future directions for disability‐related health services research. Strategies for this agenda might include ensuring the inclusion of PWDs in current and future health care research studies and database development; support for studies and data focusing exclusively on PWDs; and support for studies of the challenges common to all or most of the priority populations.
The Self and What It’s Like to Be One: Reviews of José Luis Bermúdez, The Paradox of Self‐Conciousness and Lawrence Weiskrantz, Consiousness Lost and Found
Authors: Levine Joseph 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:José Luis Bermú dez, The Paradox of Self‐ConciousnessLawrence Weiskrantz, Conciousness Lost and Found: A Neuropsychological Exploration
The International Energy Workshop: Results of the 1997 Poll
Authors: Schrattenholzer Leo 
Published: March 2003

The International Energy Workshop consists of a network of analysts from across the world concerned with international energy issues. Since 1981, the IEW has been organising an annual poll of projections of crude oil prices, economic growth, primary energy consumption and production, the energy trade and, beginning in the early 1990s, energy‐related carbon emissions. Submitted projections are for 1990–2020 in ten‐year steps; recently, 2050 and 2100 have been added, to cater for climate change scenarios. The IEW poll encourages the submission of responses for five world regions.This paper presents a summary of findings in the 1997 poll. Highlights include the following.The poll medians for 1997 suggest a crude oil price, in 1990 purchasing power, of $20/b in 2000, $27/b in 2010 and $28/b in 2020. Unlike for 2000 and 2010, the 2020 figure diverges considerably from that of the 1996 poll, which registered $39/b.Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union are not expected to be major global oil exporters until 2010 at least, while China will become a net importer in 2000. OPEC will meet about half global demand by 2020.World primary energy consumption is expected to increase from 8,500 mtoe in 1990 to 13,000 mtoe in 2020. In this period, oil will lose almost seven percentage points of market share, while natural gas will almost double its absolute contribution. OPEC’s natural gas exports are projected to rise from 55 mtoe in 1990 to 300 mtoe in 2020.Finally, the paper compares different projections for decarbonisation, that is, the decline rates of the carbon intensity of GDP and of primary energy supply. It notes that, according to business‐as‐usual projections, the OECD is way off target in meeting the emissions‐reductions goals of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Is There a Place for Death Education in the Primary Curriculum?
Authors: Bowie Lynne 
Published: March 2003

Teachers have always had to deal with pupils experiencing bereavement and loss. Recent tragedies such as the shootings at Dunblane have highlighted the need for ‘death education’ to be considered in schools, although previous research has revealed that issues of confidence and effectiveness are the main barriers to the adoption of death education. However, it appears that pupils’ opinions on this issue, including their views on the inclusion of death education into their curriculum, have generally not been sought.This paper describes some small‐scale research, which sought to determine pupils’ views on this subject, as well as those of the professionals who teach them. The study revealed some significant differences of opinion between pupils and their teachers. The conclusion highlights important implications for professionals involved in caring for children.
Priesthood and the Epistle to the Hebrews
Authors: Isaacs Marie E. 
Published: March 2003

Current controversies about the ordination of women have shown the need for a re‐examination of what the Christian Church means by priesthood. This article looks at the Epistle to the Hebrews’ contribution to our understanding. To that end it focuses on the institution of priesthood in its first‐century Jewish context and shows the use made of it by the author of Hebrews in his presentation of Christian faith.Section 1 emphasizes some all‐important differences between the NT’s use of the language of priesthood and ours. Not least, it nowhere uses “priest” to designate Christian ministers. All the more striking, therefore, is Hebrews’ depiction of Jesus as “high priest”.Section 2 discusses Judaism’ Day of Atonement ceremonies – Hebrews’ dominant cultic model. In the comparison drawn between Christ’s death and exaltation with these rites, he becomes not only the high priest but also the expiatory victim.As far as Judaism’ cultic institutions are concerned, however, Jesus was not and never could be a priest, since he was of the tribe of Judah rather than Levi. Hence Hebrews appeals to Melchizedek. How this non‐Israelite model is used by Hebrews to subvert the whole notion of priesthood as caste is discussed in section 3.Finally, in section 4 Isaacs concludes that for Hebrews there is no longer a role for an ongoing priesthood, since Jesus has definitively achieved access to God, which was its raison d’être. Melchizedekian high priesthood is unique to Christ; neither inherited nor transmitted. Hence, unlike other NT authors, for Hebrews even the church as a corporate body is not a priesthood. As its closing chapters show, in this Epistle the cultic model gives way to the more inclusive one of pilgrimage.
Regional Production Relationships and Developmental Impacts: A Comparative Study of Three Production Networks
Authors: Tsui‐Auch Lai Si 
Published: March 2003

This article assesses contending regional perspectives on Pacific‐rim divisions of labour based on a comparative study of production networks organized by three electronics firms (from Japan, the USA and Hong Kong) for manufacturing in the sub‐regional context of Hong Kong and Shenzhen (PRC). The author argues that the flying geese model rightly discerns the possibility of upward mobility of late industrializing countries. This model, in combination with network analyses on the characteristics of Japanese firms, helps distinguish the developmental role of Japanese capital. However, the model has a disregard for the specific roles of US and overseas Chinese capital, and the filling of this gap can benefit from the regional rivalry perspective. The negative impacts of foreign investment are succinctly reflected in the regional dependence argument. Nevertheless, its exogenous bias needs to be avoided and the analysis of the endogenous factors, particularly the role of the state, can draw on the statist approach. As the regional economic reality is changing rapidly, future regional research will need to investigate how governments and firms develop strategies to cope with the continued Asian economic slow‐down and political changes and reshape the regional political economy.—Cet article, basé sur une étude comparative de réseaux de production organisés par trois entreprises d’électronique (du Japon, des États‐Unis et de Hong‐Kong) pour la fabrication dans le contexte sous‐régional de Hong‐Kong et Shenzhen, évalue les différentes perspectives régionales quant à la division du travail sur la bordure du Pacifique. L’auteur soutient que le modèle d’’oies volantes’ reconnait correctement la possibilité de mobilité sociale vers le haut dans les pays d’industrialisation tardive. Ce modèle, allié aux analyses de réseaux des caractéristiques des firmes japonaises, aide à identifier le rôle du capital japonais dans le développement. Néanmoins, il néglige les rôles spécifiques du capital des États‐Unis et du capital d’outre‐mer chinois. Les perspectives régionales rivales peuvent aider à remédier à cette lacune. Les effets négatifs des investissements étrangers sont reflétés de fa??on concise dans le débat sur la dépendance régionale. Néanmoins, son parti pris exogène doit être évité et l’analyse des facteurs endogènes, en particulier le rôle de l’état, peut faire appel à l’étatisme. La réalitééconomique régionale change rapidement et les recherches régionales devront à l’avenir étudier comment les gouvernements et les entreprises développent des stratégies pour faire face au ralentissement de l’économie et aux changements politiques continus en Asie, et pour remodeler l’économie politique régionale.
Class Formation and Localism in an Emerging Bureaucracy: British Bank Workers, 1880–1960
Authors: Savage Mike , Stovel Katherine , Bearman Peter 
Published: March 2003

This article uses a case study of the spatial and career mobility of bank workers from Lloyds, a leading British bank, to explore the relationship between class formation and spatial mobility. The article argues against the idea that the large‐scale concentration and bureaucratization of the British banking industry in the early years of the twentieth century saw the emergence of a mobile middle‐class spiralist or cosmopolitan. We use archival data from Lloyds Bank to argue that the emergence of Lloyds as a large‐scale national bank involved a compromise with localized interests rather than a detachment of the bank from local concerns. We use data on the career histories of a representative sample of male bank employees to argue that spatial mobility was organized largely within regions and helped to consolidate the prospects of rural bank workers. We argue that London emerged as a distinctive ‘hub’ for banking careers, with significant amounts of movement to and from London from all regions. We therefore demonstrate how localized and rural cultures were sedimented within a large, national bureaucracy, and that a genuine ‘spiralist’ structure did not emerge.En s’appuyant sur une étude de cas relative à la mobilité géographique et professionnelle du personnel de la Lloyds, l’une des premières banques britanniques, cet article examine le lien entre la formation d’une classe et la mobilité spatiale. Il combat l’idée que la concentration et la bureaucratisation à grande échelle du secteur bancaire britannique au début du XXe siècle a fait na?tre une classe moyenne mobile en spirale ou cosmopolite. Les données d’archives de la Lloyds révèlent que son développement en tant que grande banque nationale s’est accompagné d’un compromis avec les intér?ts locaux plutôt que d’une indifférence à l’égard de ces préoccupations. Les informations sur les carrières d’un échantillon représentatif d’employés de banque masculins permettent d’établir que la mobilité géographique a été organisée largement au plan régional, contribuant à consolider les perspectives des employés en zone rurale. Londres est apparu comme un ‘pôle’ particulier dans les carrières bancaires, avec un nombre considérable de mutations vers et de la capitale à partir de toutes les régions. L’article montre ainsi comment des cultures locales et rurales se sont sédimentées au sein d’une importante bureaucratie nationale et qu’aucune structure ‘en spirale’ pure n’en est issue.
The Ambiguous Terrain of Rights: Civic Stratification in Italy's Emergent Immigration Regime
Authors: Morris Lydia 
Published: March 2003

In a period marked by heightened interest in the domain of rights, this article focuses on the delivery of rights with respect to cross‐national migrants and, in particular, on the position of non‐EU migrants in Italy. Italy is chosen as a special case, having moved quickly and recently to establish a regime of both rights and controls with respect to migration, culminating in its 1998 legislation. The article considers the emerging picture of rights, alongside impediments to their realization, and a set of associated ambiguities related to delivery and implementation. The outcome is viewed as a pattern of stratified rights – or ‘civic stratification’– which operates along both formal and informal dimensions. Underpinning this picture is a hybrid system whose chief characteristics are: a bureaucratized framework of rights and controls; the permeation of this formal system with informal practices; and the continuing presence of irregular migrants. For them, reasonable chances of clandestine employment and last‐resort provisions are the basis of a survival existence not rooted in formal rights, but subject to minimal formal control.Dans une période marquée par un regain d'intér?t dans le domaine des droits, cet article s'attache à la signification de ceux‐ci auprès des migrants transnationaux et, notamment, à la situation des migrants non‐ressortissants de l'UE en Italie. Ce pays est choisi comme cas particulier puisqu'il est passé rapidement et récemment à un régime de droits et de contrôles vis‐à‐vis de la migration, aboutissant à la législation de 1998. L'article examine le tableau des droits qui se dessine, parallèlement aux obstacles à leur concrétisation, tout en étudiant un ensemble d'ambiguïtés connexes liées à leur signification et leur mise en application. Il dépeint les droits comme un motif en couches – ou ‘stratification civique’– fonctionnant à la fois dans le sens officiel et officieux. Etayant cette représentation, se trouve un système hybride dont les principales caractéristiques sont un cadre bureaucratisé de droits et de contrôles, l'infiltration dans ce système officiel de pratiques officieuses, et la présence persistante de migrants irréguliers. Ces derniers se fondent sur des chances raisonnables de trouver un travail clandestin et de bénéficier de dispositions de dernier recours pour une survie qui ne s'appuie pas alors sur la légalité, mais dépend d'un contrôle officiel minimal.
The Competitive Mezzogiorno (Southern Italy): Some Evidence from the Clothing and Textile Industry in San Giuseppe Vesuviano
Authors: Aniello Valeria 
Published: March 2003

The distinction between ‘the three Italies’– the northern industrial triangle, the underdeveloped Mezzogiorno and the industrial districts of the north east – was first made ten years ago. This distinction aimed to legitimize the existence of regional situations that had previously been ignored. After some years of investigating the southern economy, we need to revisit the analysis of ‘the second Italy’, since it has complex features requiring detailed study. Recent research has revealed the existence of partially underground local systems in the Italian Mezzogiorno, which are not captured by traditional statistical data and display different kinds of linkages. The clothing and textile industry in San Giuseppe Vesuviano is one example of a competitive local production system. Commercial and production enterprises, homeworkers and workshops make up this local fabric. This article focuses on certain aspects of this situation, which have developed spontaneously: regulation mechanisms of informal work, competition and cooperation within the system, the attraction of an immigrant labour force (the Chinese community), evolutionary trends, the low level of criminality and the role of institutions.La distinction établie entre ‘les trois Italie’ le triangle industriel du nord, le Mezzogiorno sous développé et les districts industriels du nord‐est – date d'une décennie. Elle visait à légitimer l'existence de situations régionales jusqu' alors ignorées. Après quelques années d'enquètes sur l'économie méridionale, il convient de revisiter l'analyse de ‘la deuxième Italie’, ses caractéristiques complexes nécessitant des précisions. De récentes recherches ont révélé l'existence, dans le Mezzogiorno italien, de systèmes locaux en partie souterrains, échappant aux statistiques traditionnelles et présentant différentes sortes de liens. Par exemple, l'industrie du textile et de l'habillement de San Giuseppe Vesuviano est l'un des systèmes de production locale compétitifs, où entreprises de fabrication et de commercialisation, travailleurs à domicile et ateliers constituent le tissu local. Cet article se consacre à certains aspects propres à ce cas qui s'est spontanément développé: mécanismes régulateurs du travail irrégulier, concurrence et coopération au sein du système, attraction d'une main‐d'œuvre d'immigrants (communauté chinoise), tendances prévisionnelles, faible niveau de criminalité et rôle des institutions.
Situating the city and September 11th: military urban doctrine, ‘pop–up’ armies and spatial chess
Authors: Warren Robert 
Published: March 2003

An evolving body of doctrine, Military Operations in Urbanized Terrain (MOUT), has developed over the last several decades on the assumption that extensive military presence in cities in both warfare and less than war conditions will be necessary in the twenty–first century to deal with the aggression of ‘rouge’ nations, terrorism and civilian disorders. The examination of MOUT doctrine undertaken here, most basically, contributes to a recognition that urban warfare and military operations are relevant, if not normal, urban phenomena. MOUT doctrine also facilitates identifying trends in the prevention, repression and control of mass citizen political mobilizations within and among cities. Finally, this perspective situates the ‘War on Terrorism’ as a factor that is broadening and deepening, rather than causing, the increasing militarization of urban space.Au cours des dernières décennies, une partie évolutive de la doctrine, les opérations militaires en milieu urbain (MOUT), s’est développée à partir de l’idée qu’au vingt–et–unième siècle, il faudra une large présence militaire dans les villes, à la fois en temps de guerre et dans des situations non conflictuelles, afin de gérer l’agression des nations ‘rouges’, le terrorisme et les désordres civils. L’étude de la doctrine des MOUT, entreprise ici de manière très élémentaire, permet de reconnaître que les opérations urbaines militaires et combattantes sont des phénomènes urbains significatifs, voire normaux. Cette doctrine facilite également l’identification de tendances en matière de prévention, répression et contrôle des mobilisations politiques de masse des citoyens dans les villes. En conclusion, cette perspective établit la ‘guerre contre le terrorisme’ en tant que facteur qui élargit et accentue, sans en être la cause, la militarisation croissante de l’espace urbain.
Limits to Harmonization: The “Temporary Protection” of Refugees in the European Union
Authors: Koser Khalid , Black Richard 
Published: March 2003

This article examines the limits to harmonization at the level of the European Union through a case study of policy towards people who fled the war inBosnia and Herzegovina in the early 1990s.Specific attention is paid to the development of the policy of granting“temporary protection” instead of full refugee status to Bosnian asylum‐seekers, which stretched across all fifteen member states.It is argued that “temporary protection” emerged as a set of specific responses to the outbreak of war in the former Yugoslavia, involvingcompromises between states’ desires to restrict asylum on the one hand, but meet demand from public opinion and international organizations to offerprotection to refugees on the other.Subsequent analyses have suggested that these compromises might providean effective way forward for harmonization of policy at a European level,and even a reformulated international system of refugee protection.However, the authors question this view: they analyse the extent to which“temporary protection” for Bosnians was coordinated, and whether it actually provided the states and individuals with the benefits that have been suggested.
Replacement Migration: the wave of the future?
Authors: Keely Charles 
Published: March 2003

The Population Division of the United Nations issued a report in 1999 on using migration to counteract the effects of low fertility on population size and ageing. The report looked at eight industrial countries and two regions, Europe and the European Union. Using population projections, the analysts estimated the amount of migration necessary to maintain both labour forces and the ratios of workers to retirees at a constant level.This article agrees with the report that substituting migration for low fertility requires politically insupportable levels of migration. The article also concludes that the labour force and retirement financing outlook is not as dire as the UN report insinuates.
,,Money for Nothing“? Die Preisbildung von Originalkunstwerken und Kopien
Authors: Tietzel Manfred 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Quite a few economists hold the opinion that exorbitant prices paid for original works of art reflect an irrational cult made of unique pieces created by renowned artists; (close to) perfect copies would yield comparable benefits at a substantially lower price. The article gives reasons for the rationality of this seemingly irrational behavior and, among other things, explains the price difference between originals and their copies on a microeconomic basis.
The Unbearable Lightness of Bringing into Being
Authors: Benatar David 
Published: March 2003

In this paper it is argued that the overwhelming majority of gamete donors are amongst those who treat decisions about bringing children into existence too lightly. The argument proceeds through the following stages.1) People have a presumptive responsibility for rearing children who result from their gametes. 2) The responsibility people have to rear their offspring is a responsibility not merely to provide a minimum of care, but also to attend to the details of nurturing children and fostering their flourishing. 3) Gamete donors transfer their responsibilities for raising their genetic offspring to those who will raise it. 4) Responsibilities for rearing children are weighty ones. 5) Treating weighty responsibilities too lightly is morally wrong. 6) Gamete donors' decisions to transfer their responsibilities for rearing their offspring to others, almost always involves treating parental responsibilities too lightly. 7) Therefore, gamete donation is almost always morally wrong.