bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Study of Organic Nitrates of Heterofunctional Series. Part 5. Synthesis of 3,3‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane Mono‐ and Dinitrates and 2,2‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol (Pentaerythritol) Mono‐ and Dinitrates.
Authors: Korolev A. M. , Eremenko L. T. , Meshikhina L. V. , Eremenko I. L. , Aleksandrov G. G. , Konovalova N. P. , Lodygina V. P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structurally Novel Bi‐ and Tricyclic β‐Lactams via [2 + 2] Cycloaddition or Radical Reactions in 2‐Azetidinone‐Tethered Enallenes and Allenynes.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Photochromic 2‐(N‐Acyl‐N‐arylaminomethylene)benzo[b]thiophen‐3(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Rybalkin V. P. , Shepelenko E. N. , Vorob'eva Ya. Yu. , Borodkin G. S. , Bren' V. A. , Minkin V. I. , Aldoshin S. M. , Tkachev V. V. , Utenyshev A. N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Extraordinarily High Thermal Stability of the Closed‐Ring Isomer of 1,2‐Bis(5‐methyl‐2‐phenylthiazol‐4‐yl)perfluorocyclopentene.
Authors: Takami Shizuka , Kobatake Seiya , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Irie Masahiro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Cascade Rearrangement of 3‐Arylazo‐4‐(3‐ethoxycarbonylureido)furoxans.
Authors: Molotov S. I. , Kulikov A. S. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Makhova N. N. , Lyssenko K. A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Monoalkylation of Dihydroxycoumarins via Mitsunobu Dehydroalkylation under High Intensity Ultrasound. The Synthesis of Ferujol.
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Chimichi Sefano , Robaldo Bruna , Boccalini Marco 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation Reactions of Azines. Part 10. Synthesis, Structure, and Oxodihydroxylation of 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine.
Authors: Soldatenkov A. T. , Temesgen A. V. , Polyanskii K. B. , Soldatova S. A. , Kolyadina N. M. , Golovtsov N. I. , Sergeeva N. D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aminoborohydrides. Part 15. The First Mild and Efficient Method for Generating 2‐(Dialkylamino)‐pyridines from 2‐Fluoropyridine.
Authors: Thomas Shannon , Roberts Sara , Pasumansky Lubov , Gamsey Soya , Singaram Bakthan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic α‐Amino Acids Having a Hexahydro‐cyclopenta[c]pyridine Skeleton via Intramolecular Pauson—Khand Reaction of 1‐Sulfonimidoyl‐Substituted 5‐Azaoct‐1‐en‐7‐ynes.
Authors: Guenter Markus , Gais Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5‐Amino‐4‐cyano‐8‐isobutyl‐7‐isopropyl‐6‐thiocarbamoyl‐2‐azabicyclo [2.2.2]oct‐5‐en‐3‐thione.
Authors: Dyachenko V. D. , Rusanov E. B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Conversions of 8,18‐Disubstituted Derivatives of 6,16‐Diphenyl‐1,2,3,11,12,13‐hexahydrodibenzo [g,o]‐4,14‐dioxa‐1,5,11,15‐tetraazacyclohexadecine‐2,12‐diones.
Authors: Kulikov O. V. , Pavlovsky V. I. , Mazepa A. V. , Andronati S. A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dimethylamino‐Substituted 7H‐Benzo[de]pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolin‐7‐ones and Their Behavior under Vilsmeier—Haack Conditions.
Authors: Lyubenko O. N. , Ermolenko I. G. , Patsenker L. D. , Krasovitskii B. M. , Tur I. N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Behavior of Dimethylamino‐Substituted 2,5‐Diaryloxazoles and 2,5‐Diaryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles under Vilsmeier—Haack Conditions.
Authors: Patsenker L. D. , Ermolenko I. G. , Lyubenko O. N. , Fedyunyaeva I. A. , Popova N. A. , Galkina O. S. , Mazepa A. V. , Krasovitskii B. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Utility of 4,6‐Dichloro‐2‐(methylthio)‐5‐nitropyrimidine. Part 2. Solution Phase Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Purines.
Authors: Hammarstroem Lars G. J. , Meyer Michael E. , Smith David B. , Talamas Francisco X. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Enynes Tethered by an N—O Bond: Synthesis of 1,2‐Oxaza Polycycles by Diels—Alder Reaction of the Ring‐Closing Metathesis Products.
Authors: Yang Young‐Keun , Tae Jinsung 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Synthesis of Derivatives of 6‐Aryl‐3‐methyl‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b] [1,3,4]thiadiazine‐7‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Yanchenko V. A. , Malyshev V. V. , Demchenko A. M. , Lozinskii M. O. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tin Triflate Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of N,N′‐Unsymmetrically Substituted N‐(Hydroxyclovanyl)‐N′‐aryl Acetamidines.
Authors: Macias‐Sanchez Antonio J. , Amigo Carlos F. D. , Collado Isidro G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Nucleophilic Attack on N‐Acyl Derivatives of (S)‐Ethyl 4,4‐Dimethyl Pyroglutamate (DMPG).
Authors: Mantecon Susana , Vaquero Juan J. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , de la Puente Maria Luz , Espinosa Juan F. , Ezquerra Jesus 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Epimerization of 2′‐Carbonylalkyl‐C‐glycosides via Enolation, β‐Elimination and Intramolecular Cycloaddition.
Authors: Wang Zerong , Shao Huawu , Lacroix Edith , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Jennings Harold J. , Zou Wei 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Deoxygenated Sugars. Part 2. Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopentenes via Novel Carbocyclization of C‐4 Branched Deoxysugars.
Authors: Krohn Karsten , Gehle Dietmar , Kamp Oliver , van Ree Teunis 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Recognition of Quadruplex DNA by Quinacridine Derivatives
Authors: Teulade‐Fichou M.‐P. , Hounsou C. , Guittat L. , Mergny J.‐L. , Alberti P. , Carrasco C. , Bailly C. , Lehn J.‐M. , Wilson W. D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interactions of Potent Multisubstrate Analogue Inhibitors with Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Calf Spleen — Kinetic and Spectrofluorimetric Studies
Authors: Iwanow Monika , Magnowska Lucyna , Yokomatsu Tsutomu , Shibuya Shiroshi , Bzowska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triplex Formation Involving 2′‐O,4′‐C‐Methylene Bridged Nucleic Acid (2′,4′‐BNA) with 1‐Isoquinolone Base Analogue: Efficient and Selective Recognition of C:G Interruption
Authors: Torigoe Hidetaka , Hari Yoshiyuki , Obika Satoshi , Imanishi Takeshi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structures of Substituted Fluorobenzene and Benzoquinone Inhibitors of the Tissue Factor VIIa Complex.
Authors: Parlow John J. , Kurumbail Ravi G. , Stegeman Roderick A. , Stevens Anna M. , Stallings William C. , South Michael S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Self‐Seeded, Surfactant‐Directed Hydrothermal Growth of Single Crystalline Lithium Manganese Oxide Nanobelts from the Commercial Bulky Particles.
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Yu Jimmy C. , Xu An‐Wu , Li Quan , Kwong Kwan Wai , Wu Ling 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of New 1,4‐Bis(3‐aminopropyl)piperazine Derivatives.
Authors: Ryckebusch Adina , Deprez‐Poulain Rebecca , Debreu‐Fontaine Marie‐Ange , Vandaele Richard , Mouray Elisabeth , Grellier Philippe , Sergheraert Christian 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lipase Action on Some Non‐Triglyceride Substrates
Authors: Vallikivi Imre , Lille Ulo , Lookene Aivar , Metsala Andrus , Sikk Peeter , Tougu Vello , Vija Heiki , Villo Ly , Parve Omar 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oligopyrrole‐Based Solid State Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Sessler Jonathan L. , Berthon‐Gelloz Guillaume , Gale Philip A. , Camiolo Salvatore , Anslyn Eric V. , Anzenbacher Pavel , Furuta Hiroyuki , Kirkovits Gregory J. , Lynch Vincent M. , Maeda Hiromitsu , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bond Strengths in ChCl3‐ and ChOCl3‐ (Ch: S, Se, Te): Experiment and Theory.
Authors: Lobring Kim C. , Hao Changtong , Forbes Jordan K. , Ivanov Michael R. J. , Bachrach Steven M. , Sunderlin Lee S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystallization, Heterostructure, Microstructure, and Properties of Ferroelectric Strontium Bismuth Tantalate Films Derived from Tantalum Glycolate Solutions.
Authors: Calzada M. L. , Gonzalez A. , Garcia‐Lopez J. , Jimenez R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Behavior of Improved Li[NixCo1‐2xMnx]O2 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5).
Authors: Jouanneau S. , Eberman K. W. , Krause L. J. , Dahn J. R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New “Substitution—Recyclization” Reaction of a Tetrachlorocyclopentadienone Dimer with Amines.
Authors: Gimalova Fanusa A. , Gavrilov Oleg A. , Golovanov Denis G. , Mavrodiev Vladimir K. , Miftakhov Mansur S. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photochromic Dihetarylethenes. Part 19. Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihetarylethenes on the Basis of Thieno[3,2‐b]pyrroles Linked by a Maleimide Bridge.
Authors: Krayushkin M. M. , Yarovenko V. N. , Semenov S. L. , Zavarzin I. V. , Martynkin A. Yu. , Uzhinov B. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
5‐Amino‐1‐(2,6‐dichloro‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐phenyl)‐3‐ [3H3]‐methylsulfanyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonitrile (CTOM): Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel and Selective Insect GABA Receptor Radioligand.
Authors: Meegalla Sanath K. , Doller Dario , Silver Gary M. , Wisnewski Nancy , Soll Richard M. , Dhanoa Dale 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1‐Aryl‐4,6‐dinitro‐1H‐indazoles Based on Picrylacetaldehyde and Their Behavior in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions.
Authors: Starosotnikov A. M. , Kachala V. V. , Lobach A. V. , Vinogradov V. M. , Shevelev S. A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrones with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Catalyzed by Cationic 3‐Oxobutylideneaminatocobalt(III) Complexes.
Authors: Kezuka Satoko , Ohtsuki Natsuki , Mita Tsuyoshi , Kogami Youichi , Ashizawa Tomoko , Ikeno Taketo , Yamada Tohru 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Analogues of 3‐Substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]pyridines: Modifications in the Dioxane Ring.
Authors: Bartolomea Jose M. , Alcazar Jesus , Andres J. Ignacio , De Bruyn Marcel , Fernandez Javier , Matesanz Encarna , Van Emelen Kristof 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Reduction of 2‐(Arylideneamino)isoindole‐1,3‐diones — Synthesis of Alkaloid Analogues by N‐Acylhydrazonium Ion Aromatic π‐Cyclization.
Authors: Fogain‐Ninkam Alain , Daich Adam , Decroix Bernard , Netchitailo Pierre 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Thiazino‐ and Thiazoloquinazolinones by Cyclization of S‐(2‐Propenyl) Derivatives of 2‐Thioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1H)‐quinazolinone.
Authors: Orysyk V. V. , Zborovskii Yu. L. , Staninets V. I. , Dobosh A. A. , Khripak S. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aminoazoles in the Three‐Component Synthesis of 7‐Substituted 6‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐5‐methyl‐4,7‐dihydroazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines.
Authors: Fedorova O. V. , Zhidovinova M. S. , Rusinov G. L. , Ovchinnikova I. G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Silylation of Aromatic C—H Bonds with Triethylsilane.
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Matsumoto Mitsutaka , Tsuchiya Kazuyuki , Igi Kimitaka , Hayamizu Tomoo , Chatani Naoto , Murai Shinji 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Synthesis of Metal‐Free Phthalocyanines from Phthalimides and Phthalic Anhydrides with Hexamethyldisilazane.
Authors: Uchida Hitoshi , Yoshiyama Hideyuki , Reddy Paidi Yella , Nakamura Shuichi , Toru Takeshi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Synthesis of S‐Ribosyl‐L‐homocysteine and Activity Assay as a LuxS Substrate.
Authors: Zhao Gang , Wan Wei , Mansouri Shahrzad , Alfaro Joshua F. , Bassler Bonnie L. , Cornell Kenneth A. , Zhou Zhaohui Sunny 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Nitrones from Lactols. Part 1. Preparation of N‐Glycosylhydroxylamines and Their Oxidation to Nitrones for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoxazolidines.
Authors: Cicchi Stefano , Marradi Marco , Corsi Massimo , Faggi Cristina , Goti Andrea 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1H‐NMR Study of the Quadruplex [d(TGGGT)]4 Containing a Modified Thymine
Authors: Petraccone Luigi , Erra Eva , Nasti Lucia , Galeone Aldo , Randazzo Antonio , Esposito Veronica , Mayol Luciano , Barone Guido , Giancola Concetta 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interactions of Trimeric Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylases with Ground State Analogues — Calorimetric and Fluorimetric Studies
Authors: Wielgus‐Kutrowska Beata , Frank Joachim , Holy Antonin , Koellner Gertraud , Bzowska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Binding Studies of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF4E with Novel mRNA Dinucleotide Cap Analogues
Authors: Zuberek Joanna , Jemielity Jacek , Stepinski Janusz , Lewdorowicz Magdalena , Niedzwiecka Anna , Haber Dorota , Stolarski Ryszard , Rhoads Robert E. , Darzynkiewicz Edward 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interaction Between Yeast Eukaryotic Initiation Factor eIF4E and mRNA 5′ Cap Analogues Differs from that for Murine eIF4E
Authors: Kiraga‐Motoszko Katarzyna , Stepinski Janusz , Niedzwiecka Anna , Jemielity Jacek , Wszelaka‐Rylik Malgorzata , Stolarski Ryszard , Zielenkiewicz Wojciech , Darzynkiewicz Edward 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cell Surface Oligonucleotide‐Binding Proteins of Human Squamous Carcinoma A431 Cells
Authors: Laktionov P. P. , Chelobanov B. P. , Kharkova M. V. , Rykova E. Yu. , Pyshnyi D. V. , Pyshnaya I. A. , Marcus K. , Meyer H. E. , Vlassov V. V. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Resistance of Human Cytomegalovirus to D‐ and L‐Ribosyl Benzimidazoles as a Tool to Identify Potential Targets for Antiviral Drugs
Authors: Komazin Gloria , Ptak Roger G. , Emmer Brian T. , Townsend Leroy B. , Drach John C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Absolute Stereochemistry of TT‐1 (Rasfonin), an α‐Pyrone‐Containing Natural Product from a Fungus, Trichurus terrophilus.
Authors: Akiyama Kohki , Kawamoto Souichi , Fujimoto Haruhiro , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of γ,δ‐Disubstituted β‐Hydroxy δ‐Lactones from Furans: Synthesis of (+)‐Prelactone B and Its C‐4 Epimer.
Authors: Csaky Aurelio G. , Mba Myriam , Plumet Joaquin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Die Triebkraft chemischer Reaktionen
Authors: Vennemann Hendrik 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDer zweite Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik ist von elementarer Bedeutung für das Verständnis der Chemie. Denn erst mit der Kenntnis des zweiten Hauptsatzes wird deutlich, warum einige chemische Reaktionen freiwillig ablaufen und andere wiederum nur dann ablaufen, wenn dem Reaktionssystem stetig Energie hinzugefügt wird. Die Frage nach der Begründung der Freiwilligkeit der Reaktionen kann den Schülern erst mit dem zweiten Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik gegeben werden.
Eis – Gefrieren von Wasser im Schnelldurchlauf
Authors: de Vries Tönjes , Paschmann Antje 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn heißen Sommertagen lieben wir es als erfrischenden Zusatz zu Cola und Säften; im Winter benutzen wir es zum Skifahren, Schlittschuhlaufen und auch für die Schneeballschlacht. Vor allem Kleinkinder sind bei ihren ersten Begegnungen von diesem Stoff fasziniert, da er, in den Händen gehalten, im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen greifbaren Gegenständen in wenigen Minuten „zerstört”︁ wird. Wovon ist hier die Rede? Natürlich von Eis, jeder von uns kennt es.Während uns das Ergebnis des Gefrierprozesses von Wasser sehr vertraut ist, können wir die Eisbildung selbst meist nicht beobachten. Das liegt zum einen daran, dass der Gefrierprozess häufig im Verborgenen abläuft (z. B. in der Gefriertruhe), zum anderen daran, dass die Eisbildung bei geringen Minusgraden in der Natur nur unmerklich langsam vonstatten geht.Im Folgenden wird ein einfaches Experiment vorgestellt, mit dem der Gefrierprozess von Wasser in eindrucksvoller Geschwindigkeit „live”︁ demonstriert werden kann. Gleichzeitig ist dabei die mit der Eisbildung einhergehende die Volumenausdehnung zu beobachten. Außerdem wird in einem Modellexperiment gezeigt, dass man an kalten Wintertagen besser nicht mit nasser Haut Metallgegenstände berührt.
Spatio‐temporal regulation and cleavage by matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin‐3 implicate a role for laminin receptor in intestinal remodeling during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis
Authors: Amano Tosikazu , Fu Liezhen , Marshak Anastasia , Kwak Olivia , Shi Yun‐Bo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe 37‐kd laminin receptor precursor (LR) was first identified as a 67‐kd protein that binds laminin with high affinity. We have recently isolated the Xenopus laevis LR as an in vitro substrate of matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin‐3 (ST3), which is highly upregulated during intestinal metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. Here, we show that LR is expressed in the intestinal epithelium of premetamorphic tadpoles. During intestinal metamorphosis, LR is downregulated in the apoptotic epithelium and concurrently upregulated in the connective tissue but with little expression in the developing adult epithelium. Toward the end of metamorphosis, as adult epithelial cells differentiate, they begin to express LR. Furthermore, LR is cleaved during intestinal remodeling when ST3 is highly expressed or in premetamorphic intestine of transgenic tadpoles overexpressing ST3. These results suggest that LR plays a role in cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis, in part through its cleavage by ST3. Interestingly, high levels of LR are known to be expressed in tumor cells, which are often surrounded by fibroblasts expressing ST3, suggesting that LR cleavage by ST3 plays a role in both physiological and pathological processes. Developmental Dynamics 234:190–200, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of voltage sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) L‐type Cav1.2 (α1C) and T‐type Cav3.2 (α1H) subunits during mouse bone development
Authors: Shao Ying , Alicknavitch Michael , Farach‐Carson Mary C. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractVoltage‐sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are key regulators of osteoblast plasma membrane Ca2+ permeability and are under control of calcitropic hormones. Subtype specific antibodies were used to probe L‐type Cav1.2 (α1C) and T‐type Cav3.2 (α1H) subunit expression during mouse skeletal development. Commencing from E14.5 and continuing through skeletal maturity, immunoreactivity of Cav1.2 (α1C) subunits was evident in regions of rapid long bone growth, including the perichondrium, periosteum, chondro‐osseous junction and trabecular bones. Cav3.2 (α1H) subunits appeared simultaneously and followed a similar distribution pattern. Both subunits were observed in osteoblasts and chondrocytes under high magnification. Interestingly, Cav3.2 (α1H) subunits were present, but Cav1.2 (α1C) subunits were absent from osteocytes. Western Blot and immunohistochemical assessment of in vitro cell culture models of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis confirmed the in vivo observations. We conclude that both L‐type Cav1.2 (α1C) and T‐type Cav3.2 (α1H) VSCCs are dynamically regulated in bones and cartilages during endochondral bone development. Developmental Dynamics 234:54–62, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus hairy2b specifies anterior prechordal mesoderm identity within Spemann's organizer
Authors: Yamaguti Mami , Cho Ken W.Y. , Hashimoto Chikara 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSpemann's organizer is a region of the gastrula stage embryo that contains future anterior endodermal and dorsal mesodermal tissues. During gastrulation, the dorsal mesoderm is divided into the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. However, little is known regarding how this division is established. We analyzed the role of the anterior prechordal mesoderm‐specific gene Xhairy2b in the regionalization of the organizer. We found that mesoderm‐inducing transforming growth factor‐β signaling induced Xhairy2b expression. On the other hand, the ectopic expression of Xhairy2b induced the expression of organizer‐specific genes and resulted in the formation of a secondary dorsal axis lacking head and notochord structures. We also showed that Xhairy2b down‐regulated the expression of ventral mesodermal, anterior endodermal, and chordamesodermal genes. In Xhairy2b‐depleted embryos, defects in the specification of anterior prechordal mesoderm identity were observed as the border between the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm was anteriorly shifted. These results suggest that Xhairy2b establishes the identity of the anterior prechordal mesoderm within Spemann's organizer by inhibiting the formation of neighboring tissues. Developmental Dynamics 234:102–113, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Benthic Diatoms as Indicators of Stream Sediment Concentrationin Hong Kong
Authors: Dickman Michael David , Peart Mervyn Richard , Wai‐Shu Yim Wyss 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDiatoms are photosynthetic unicellular, eukaryotic, microorganisms (algae) that are distinguished by their silicified (SiO2‐nH2O) cell walls. They have often been employed to assess salinity, pH, and nutrient conditions. Our data suggest that, they may also be used to assess suspended solid levels in streams. The ratio of motile to attached benthic diatoms from five different stream sites in Hong Kong was correlated with the level of suspended solids for each of these sites. Sites with high concentrations of suspended solids had a high percentage of motile diatoms on their rocks while sites with low concentrations of suspended solids had a high percentage of attached (non‐motile) diatoms on their rocks. When water carried by a stream has a high concentration of suspended solids, benthic diatoms in the stream are often covered in a layer of silt. Those diatoms that are motile are able to get on top of this silt layer while attached diatoms cannot. If the silt layer is not washed away, the attached diatoms perish and the percentage of motile diatoms increases. Thus, streams with high concentrations of suspended solids display a higher proportion of motile diatoms than do clear water streams with low concentrations of suspended solids. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)