bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to Cairo
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first impression that one gets returning to Egypt after an absence of some time is unmistakably one of greater freedom. In the past, criticism of the régime tended to be furtive, the speaker looking around carefully and making sure who was within earshot before he spoke. Now it is much more open. People tell jokes or make explicit criticisms even of the President at dinner parties and in public places without bothering to look around and see who is there. Only the presence of foreign correspondents seems on occasion to inhibit the expression of unorthodox views. Otherwise criticism is not only more out-spoken but is much more violent. Whereas previously it tended to be directed against the regime as such rather than against Nasser in person, it is now both more vicious and more personal in tone. A line which was familiar at an earlier time, as also in other dictatorial régimes past and present—that the leader was good but the men around him evil—is no longer heard. Criticism of Nasser has become much more direct, and reflects even on his personal integrity.
In Defense of History
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let me begin my defense with a word or two of explanation. To start with, let’s look at this word history. Of late there has been a certain semantic change, a new, idiomatic, increasingly common use of the word history, which I can perhaps best exemplify by a familiar scene from a movie in which the heavy, the tycoon or the gangster chief, contemptuously dismisses his cast-off mistress with the words “you’re history.” The common phrase “that’s history” now conveys the general meaning that it is, whatever it may be, of no relevance to present events, concerns, or purposes. History may have some antiquarian interest, or may provide entertainment, but no more.
First-Person Narrative in the Middle East
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, there was a sudden outpouring of something that had long been rare: the writing and publication of memoirs. Two new circumstances combined to produce this flowering of the memoir. The first was an interval of freedom of expression and publication in Turkey that had no precedent in the past and very few parallels in the future. The second was the urgent need felt by a number of rather senior and important figures to provide some explanation of what they had been doing during the previous thirty years. And so we find Said Pasha, grand vezir and holder of various other offices under Abdu¨ lhamid, producing three volumes of self-exculpatory memoirs; Kâmil Pasha, colleague and rival, doing the same; Said Pasha then producing comments on Kâmil Pasha’s memoirs; Kâmil Pasha producing comments on Said Pasha’s memoirs; and each producing a reply to the other’s comments as well as to comments by a number of lesser mortals. Memoir writing engaged not only pashas but even some of the revolutionary leaders.
All the Rest of Classical Physics
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Six years after Kelvin made this claim, he hedged: “Physics is essentially complete: There are just two dark clouds on the horizon.” He picked the right clouds: One hid relativity; the other, quantum mechanics. But before we look behind those clouds, we tell a bit more of the nineteenth-century physics we today call “classical.” We will describe the phenomenon of “interference,” which demonstrates something to be a widely extended wave. We will need the concept of electric field. Light is a rapidly varying electric field, and it is with light that the quantum enigma first arose. We will also talk of energy and its “conservation,” its unchanging totality. And we will briefly tell of Einstein’s theory of relativity. Its well-confirmed but hard-to-believe predictions are good psychological practice for the “impossible-to-believe” implications of quantum theory. There’s somewhat more in this chapter than you actually need to know in order to understand the quantum enigma. But it’s good background.
Schrödinger’s Equation
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the early 1920s physicists had accepted the fact that, depending on the experiment chosen, matter as well as light could be displayed either as compact lumps or as widely spread-out waves. Few pretended to understand this seeming contradiction. The significance of this paradox came a few years later with the Schrödinger equation. But Erwin Schrödinger wasn’t looking for significance. At the time he saw de Broglie’s matter waves only as a way to get rid of Bohr’s “damn quantum jumps.”
One-Third of Our Economy
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We were deep into the quantum mysteries in the fourth week of our “Quantum Enigma” course, which is addressed to students not majoring in the sciences (though some physics majors always take it). A young woman’s hand went up with a question: “Is quantum mechanics useful for anything practical?” I (Bruce) was speechless for at least ten seconds. In the narrowness of my physicist perspective, I just assumed that everyone realized the quantum basis of our technology. I put aside my lecture notes and for the rest of the hour went off on a tangent to tell of practical applications of quantum mechanics.
The Mystery of Consciousness
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When in our book we discuss the demonstrated quantum facts and the quantum theory (as distinct from the theory’s several contending interpretations), we describe a generally accepted position. We cannot describe such a consensus in our discussion of consciousness—there is none. Diametrically opposed positions are strongly held. We have our own take, but, you may notice, we waver.
The Mystery Meets the Enigma
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consciousness and the quantum enigma are not just two mysteries; they are the two mysteries: the first, the physical demonstration of the quantum enigma, faces us with a fundamental mystery of the objective world “out there;” the second, conscious awareness, faces us with the fundamental mystery of the subjective, mental world “in here.” Quantum mechanics appears to connect the two.
Consciousness and the Quantum Cosmos
Authors: Rosenblum Bruce , Kuttner Fred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We wonder how literally Martin Rees, Cambridge University professor and England’s Astronomer Royal, meant what he said in this opening quote. Having come this far in the book, you at least know what stimulates his comment. Though quantum mechanics supposedly applies to everything, it’s a big step from those things for which observer-created reality has been demonstrated to the whole universe.
Conclusion Toward a Contemporary Trinitarian Theology of Love
Authors: Mcdougall Joy Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study has engaged one of the liveliest theological debates at the tum of the twenty-first century: the significance of the doctrine of the Trinity to the Christian concept of God and to its life of faith. I have entered this debate by offering a critical and constructive interpretation of its most far-reaching Protestant contribution to date, Jurgen Moltmann’s social trinitarian theology. For more than thirty years Moltmann has sought to re-vision a doctrine of the Trinity that reflects the dynamic and passionate love of God revealed in the scriptures. At the same time, he has sought to respond creatively to the intellectual, political, and pastoral challenges of the day. Along the way Moltmann’s proposals have never failed to provoke controversy but also to renew dialogue across confessional traditions and cultural expanses.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Child and Adolescent Anxiety: The Coping Cat Program
Authors: Beidas Rinad S , Podell Jennifer L , Kendall Philip C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anxiety disorders are common psychological disorders experienced by youth (Warren & Messer, 1999), with reported rates of 10–20% in the general population and primary care settings (Chavira, Stein, Bailey, & Stein, 2004; Costello, Mustillo, Keeler, & Angold, 2004). Anxiety disorders in youth include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobias, obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (APA, 1994). In this chapter, we focus on treatment for the three main youth anxiety disorders: GAD, SP, and SAD.
A Manual for the Family Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lock James , Grange Daniel le 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few evidence-based treatments are available for anorexia nervosa (AN). Among those that are most promising, at least for younger adolescent patients, is a particular form of family therapy, family-based treatment (FBT), devised by clinician researchers at the Maudsley Hospital in London in the 1980s and manualized and studied subsequently in various other locations (LeGrange & Lock, 2005).
Use of Physics-Based Models to Support Spectral Image Analysis Algorithms
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of the algorithms described in the previous chapters fall into the general cat-egory of data-driven algorithms. By this we mean that the parameters used in the algorithms are largely extracted from the image data themselves. This has the advantage that little or no ancillary data are required. However, data-driven ap-proaches can often be enhanced by taking advantage of knowledge we may have about the expected behavior of the spatial or spectral properties of the world. This knowledge is often described by physical models of the target, background, or im-age formation process. Hence, we will collectively refer to these often disparate algorithms as physics-based as opposed to data-driven algorithms.
Part II: Chapters 1–8
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shanti was very little, still a baby, when she lost her mother, and this played a major part among the forces that shaped her character.* Her father was a Brahmin who ran a traditional school or tol. Since there were no other womenfolk in the house, Shanti would accompany him to the tol and sit there as he taught the boys. Some of the students lived in the tol . At times Shanti would play with them; she would climb onto their laps and backs, and they in turn enjoyed her company.
To Your Health
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura , Lowe Karen Kraemer , Kupfer David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The public is bombarded daily with reports about risk factors, many conflicting with each other, other accepted as “scientific truth” for awhile, then scientifically disproved, yet others questionable that later prove to be true. Physicians are faced with trying to make sense of those conflicting or questionable results in the scientific literature in order to guide their patients to the best possible decisions. The situation is not much easier for scientists whom ay waste yers of their productive life, and considerable resources, basing their research efforts on what prove to be misleading earlier research findings. What this book does is to present, in non “academese” and with many examples from the general media and scientific journals, a guide to a critical reading of research reports, which, in turn, serves as a guide to researchers as to which approaches are likely to be regarded with raised eyebrows, and what they need to do to generate results that will be take seriously. This stimulating and helpful book was written for informed consumers and physicians as well as for scientists evaluating the risk research literature or contemplating projects on risk research.
The Future of the Public’s Health Vision Values, and Strategies
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O , Boufford, Jo Ivey , Martinez Rose Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The modem public health system is undergoing a remarkable transition, moving from discrete interventions to address infectious diseases to broad social, cultural, and economic reforms to address the root causes of ill health. This transition is embodied in two foundational reports of the Institute of Medicine (IOM). The first, The Future of Public Health(1988), defined public health as the obligation of organized society to assure the conditions for people to be healthy. The second, The Future of the Public’s Health in the Twenty-first Century (2002), went further by proposing the following ambitious strategies for health protection and promotion: (1) strengthen the governmental public health infrastructure; (2) encourage major private-sector actors to promote the health of their members and surrounding com munities; and (3) improve the broad determinants of population health. The vision of modern public health, then, is expansive: “healthy people in healthy com munities,” with public health agencies primarily responsible and accountable for assuring the health of the population.
Drug Prohibition in the United States Costs, Consequences, and Alternatives
Authors: Nadelmann Ethan A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As frustrations with the drug problem and current drug policies rise daily, growing numbers of political leaders, law enforcement officials, drug abuse experts, and common citizens are insisting that a radical alternative to current policies be fairly considered: the controlled legalization (or decriminalization) of drugs. Just as “Repeal Prohibition” became a catchphrase that swept together the diverse objections to Prohibition, so “Legalize (or Decriminalize) Drugs” has become a catchphrase that means many things to many people. The policy analyst views legalization as a model for critically examining the costs and benefits of drug prohibition policies. Libertarians, both civil and economic, view it as a policy alternative that eliminates criminal sanctions on the use and sale of drugs that are costly in terms of both individual liberty and economic freedom. Others see it simply as a means to “take the crime out of the drug business.” In its broadest sense, however, legalization incorporates the many arguments and growing sentiment for deemphasizing our traditional reliance on criminal justice resources to deal with drug abuse and for emphasizing instead drug abuse, prevention, treatment, and education, as well as noncriminal restrictions on the availability and use of psychoactive substances and positive inducements to abstain from drug abuse.
Policy Implications of the Gradient of Health and Wealth
Authors: Deaton Angus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poorer people die younger and are sicker than richer people; indeed, mortality and morbidity rates are inversely related to many correlates of socioeconomic status such as income, wealth, education, or social class. That economic deprivation is strongly related to ill health was perhaps first scientifically documented by Rene Villerme, who compared mortality rates and poverty across the arrondissements of Paris in the 1820s, although references to the relationship can be found in ancient Greek and Chinese texts. A gradient of health with social class (defined through occupation) has been documented in the United Kingdom since the first census in 1851. In the United States, the landmark study by Evelyn Kitagawa and Philip Hauser merged census and death records to document the relationship between mortality on the one hand and education, income, occupation, race, and place of residence on the other. The gradient persists in recent data. The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) merged data from death records with responses from household surveys around 1980. People whose reported family incomes in 1980 were less than $5,000 in 1980 prices are estimated to have a life expectancy around 25 percent lower than those whose family incomes were above $50,000.
Genetic Screening from a Public Health Perspective Three “Ethical” Principles
Authors: Burris Scott , Gostin Lawrence O 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The disciplines of medicine and public health are different in their goals and practices,t and this difference is centrally important in the context of human genetics. Medical genetics concerns the clinical decision made by a doctor to use genetic technology for the benefit of his or her patient. Public health genetics, on the other hand, may be defined as the systematic application of human genetic technologies to identify, prevent, or ameliorate genetic conditions in whole populations. Genetic testing, then, involves the decision to test an individual patient, while genetic screening involves a decision to systematically test a discrete population. The ethical and policy implications are quite different depending on whether genetics is applied in the medical or the public health context. From a public health perspective, the benefits of testing are assessed against different criteria, and the line between providing care to the individual patient and providing it to the population represents a dramatic investment of scarce resources, both political and economic. Medical ethics, which can guide the clinical decisions of health care providers, do not adequately address the distributional issues and health-health trade-offs that arise in public health decision making. In this chapter, we discuss the emerging idea of public health ethicsand set out three principles, rooted in public health, for deciding whether a genetic test should be deployed in a program of population screening.
Power, Authority, and Criminal Law : Freedom Is Messy: Crime and Late Modern Democracy
Authors: Simon Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the looting of Baghdad in the spring of 2003 and the imagined crime wave in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, it became common for pundits and others to pronounce that the first task of government is necessarily providing security for body and property. Of course, as a historical matter, nothing could be more wrong. Families and clans were the prime units of security and retained substantial control over the resolution of interpersonal violence until the early modern period of European history. As a fact of historical development, the state only gradually laid claim to the power to punish crimes and secure civic order, and the “monopoly” of legitimate violence so often proclaimed on behalf of the state was the sheerest of fictions even in the most advanced countries before the twentieth century. Even the supposedly “logical” priority of “law and order” granted by classical political philosophers is best seen in terms of the struggles to renegotiate political life associated with political liberalism (Herzog 1989). Indeed, the emergence of criminology as a positive science of criminal behavior and an expert adjunct of state power in the late nineteenth century constituted a major revision of the liberal idea, recognizing that crime was best regulated by modern techniques of social governance rather than through punitive criminal justice (Horn 2003).
Controlling The Means Of Analysis
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The political economy of the United States is democratic capitalism, an arrangement that has undergone profound technological and social changes over time. Ted Halstead and Michael Lind provide a serviceable chronology beginning with the creation of a “decentralized agrarian republic;’ followed by the early stages of the Industrial Revolution driven by steam power, cocomitant with the Civil War and Reconstruction, the sequel being a mature industrial economy, dominated by electricity and fossil fuels, which generated the economic surpluses that made the welfare state a reality.1 These eras have had a pronounced effect on social policy. The first affirmed representative government through the Constitution, in the process, articulating the federal legislative process. The second introduced manufacturing and attendant immigration, which prompted the Progressive movement. The third inaugurated the American welfare state. Accordingly, social theorists have identified the primary issues that have accompanied modernism. Karl Marx proposed the central question as, “Who controls the means of production?” As a corrective to rampant capitalism, the expansion of government led Max Weber to ponder, “Who controls the means of administration?”
Poor Policy
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the 1990s, conservatives had exploited a policy process that already favored the affluent and influential by deploying a network of think tanks to reverse the liberal trajectory in social policy and reform the welfare state. To be sure, their track record on restructuring social programs was uneven. Previous forays into social policy reform that had targeted social insurance had been aborted when Social Security and Medicare were found to be unexpectedly popular; yet, the Right came to appreciate the poignant vulnerability of public assistance pro grams, especially family welfare-Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). An earlier attempt to reform AFDC through the Family Support Act (FSA) of 1988 could hardly be claimed as an unqualified success.
Radical Pragmatism
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If knights, grandees, noblemen, or the high-born were to consider me a fool, I should take it as an intolerable affront; but that scholars who never entered or trod the paths of chivalry should set me down as a madman does not effect me a jot. A knight I am and a knight I shall die, if it please the Most High. Some travel the broad field of proud ambition; others by way of base and servile adulation; others again by way of deceitful hypocrisy, and a few by way of the true religion. But beneath the influence of my star I journey along the narrow path of knight errantry, in which exercise I despise wealth, but not honour. I have redressed grievances, set down fiends. I am in love, only because knights errant are obliged to be so; and, being so, I am not one of those depraved lovers, but of the continent and platonic sort. I always direct my purposes to virtuous ends, and do good to all and ill to none.
Developmental Aspects of Visual Recognition Memory in Infancy
Authors: Rose Susan A , Feldman, Judith F , Jankowski Jeffery J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have been studying infant visual recognition memory, an early ability that is related to later cognition (McCall & Carriger, 1993; Rose & Feldman, 1995, 1997), an early-emerging form of genuine cognitive ability. Infant recognition memory has generally been considered a fundamental form of explicit (or pre-explicit) memory (Nelson, 1995, 1997). Until recently, research on infant and adult memory has proceeded along separate but parallel tracks, in large part because differences in methods of study made it difficult to compare findings. Although infant memory is studied exclusively with nonverbal methods, the adult work has used primarily verbal methods. A convergence between the two fields became possible when some infant tasks became recognized as nonverbal analogues of tasks commonly used to study adult memory. In this section, we describe the theoretical distinction between explicit and implicit memory and the neurophysiological basis for explicit memory.