bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of poly(O‐anisidine) coatings on low carbon steel by electrochemical polymerization of O‐anisidine
Authors: Wankhede M. G. , Koinkar P. M. , More M. A. , Patil P. P. , Gangal S. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe poly(O‐anisidine) (POA) coatings have been synthesized on low carbon steel (LCS) substrates by electrochemical polymerization (ECP) of O‐anisidine. The synthesis of POA coatings was carried out under cyclic voltammetric and galvanostatic conditions from an aqueous solution of oxalic acid. It has been observed that the formation of POA coatings on LCS occurs after the passivation of its surface via the formation of polycrystalline iron oxalate (FeC2O4·2H2O) interphase. The formation of iron oxalate interphase is confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, glancing angle x‐ray diffraction (GAXRD) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Uniform, granular, and strongly adherent dark green POA coatings were obtained on the LCS substrate by ECP of O‐anisidine. These coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), potential–time (E–t) curves, UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy and SEM. The potential–time curve is characterized by an induction time before the ECP of O‐anisidine. The induction time is found to be dependent on the applied current density. The optical absorption spectroscopy study reveals the formation of conducting emeraldine salt phase of POA. Our results reveal that the oxalic acid is a suitable medium for the ECP of O‐anisidine on the LCS substrate and it favors the formation of emeraldine salt (ES) phase of POA. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 33–43, 2002; DOI 10.1002/adv.10006
Synthesis and characterization of optically active and functional terpolymer of citronellol, styrene, and methyl methacrylate: A kinetic study
Authors: Pandey Prachi , Srivastava A. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSynthesis of a series of novel terpolymers, consisting of two electron‐donating monomers, viz. citronellol (optically active) and styrene, with one electron‐accepting monomer, i.e. methyl methacrylate, using benzoyl peroxide as radical initiator and xylene as diluent at 80°C for 2 h has been extensively studied. The system follows ideal kinetics with an overall activation energy of 33 kJ mol−1. The formation of the terpolymer is confirmed by the presence of peaks at 7–8 δ because of phenyl group, 3.4–4 δ because of methoxy group, and 7–7.7 δ because of alcoholic group in 1H NMR spectrum of the terpolymer. Further, the bands at 2900 cm−1, 1750 cm−1, and 3400 cm−1, observed in FTIR spectrum of terpolymer, evidence the presence of phenyl, methoxy, and alcoholic group respectively. The monomer feed–terpolymer composition was determined by the Kelen–Tudos method. The values of reactivity ratios are r1(MMA) = 0.9 and r2(styrene + citronellol) = 0.02. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 59–64, 2002; DOI 10.1002/adv.10009
Improving nylon dyeability by using redox systems
Authors: Kamel M. M. , Hanna H. L. , El‐Shishtawy Reda M. , Ahmed Nahed S. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNylon fiber was subjected to four trials of dyeing using different redox systems: pretreatment with a redox system, simultaneous dyeing and treatment, pretreatment with reductant, and/or pretreatment with oxidant. It has been claimed that dyeability improvement in dyeing of nylon fibers using a redox system is attributed to covalent bonding; however, in this work, it is proved that the increase in dyeing rate and adsorption of acid dyes on nylon fibers in the presence of redox systems could be attributed to the decrease in pH that would lead to an ionic bond, but not to the covalent fixation of dyes on nylon fibers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 237–247, 2001
Hyperferritinemia as indicator for intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in reactive macrophage activation syndromes
Authors: Emmenegger Urban , Frey Ursula , Reimers Andrea , Fux Christoph , Semela David , Cottagnoud Philippe , Spaeth Peter J. , Neftel Klaus A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe underlying mechanisms of reactive macrophage activation syndromes (rMAS) are not understood in detail, and there is no specific treatment. This observational study was prompted by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), dramatically halting two distinct rMAS episodes in the same patient. We evaluated the potential benefits of IVIG administration in treating fulminant rMAS and the usefulness of monitoring serum ferritin levels as an indication for emergency treatment with IVIG. Ten females and 10 males experiencing 22 episodes of rMAS were recruited on the basis of serum ferritin levels ≥10,000 μg/l and/or direct evidence of haemophagocytosis in 11 intensive care units in secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Switzerland between October 1993 and May 2000. In individual patients, serially measured ferritin was closely related to disease activity. Abrupt increases of up to >100,000 μg/l could be observed within hours. Rapid and profound beneficial effects of emergency IVIG treatment were seen in 12 episodes of rMAS accompanied by a prompt decrease of serum ferritin. IVIG produced partial or delayed improvements in 5 patients. No apparent effects were seen in 5 patients. IVIG was only successful if started early during the ferritin run‐up to peak values. In conclusion, IVIG is effective in at least a subgroup of adult rMAS when started at the beginning of the macrophage activation process. The monitoring of serum ferritin levels might be helpful in detecting macrophage activation in order to commence IVIG treatment early enough. Am. J. Hematol. 68:4–10, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in the occurrence of and risk factors for hemophilia‐associated intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Nuss Rachelle , Soucie J. Michael , Evatt Bruce 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent studies suggest that rates of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) increased concomitant with the HIV epidemic among the hemophilia population, but no studies have directly examined factors associated with ICH. To determine ICH rates and identify factors associated with ICH, we performed a nested case–control study of a cohort composed of all hemophilic males identified by a surveillance system. Data were obtained from medical records of care received during 1993–1997. Patients with ICH listed in hospital records or on death certificates during the 5‐year period were compared to the remainder of the cohort to examine associations between ICH and patients' demographic and clinical factors including the presence of HIV infection. Among the 3,269 males in the cohort, 88 (2.7%) had an ICH during follow‐up, an average incidence rate of 0.0054 case/year. Hemorrhage sites were intracerebral for 37.5%, subdural for 34.1%, unspecified for 19.3%, subarachnoid for 12.5%, and epidural for 8% of cases. For 22% of cases, the ICH was trauma‐related, and, overall, 16 patients (18.2%) died. Several factors were independently associated with ICH (odds ratio, P value): severe disease (2.0, 0.05); age 51+ years compared to 6–10 year olds (3.7, 0.02); presence of an inhibitor (3.5, <0.001); and HIV infection among whites only (4.0, <0.001). ICH rates in our cohort were 2‐fold higher compared to rates from previous reports. Much of the increase was attributed to HIV infection, which raised ICH risk primarily in whites and was frequently associated with spontaneous ICH among older individuals. Am. J. Hematol. 68:37–42, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational and environmental risks of spontaneous abortions around a smelter
Authors: Wulff Marianne , Högberg Ulf , Stenlund Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis study represents part of a follow‐up study on reproductive outcome around a smelter in Sweden.MethodsEmployees at the smelter, a random sample including neighbors of the smelter and referents were analyzed by a register study, covering 1982–1990, a questionnaire study performed in 1992 and a case‐referent study with cases of spontaneous abortions and live borns as referents. Risk factors were studied by logistic regression. A validity‐study between register and questionnaire data on spontaneous abortions and legal abortions was completed.ResultsThe studies showed no risk increase for the exposed groups of smelter workers and neighbors compared to the reference group, 10, 11, and 12%, respectively. A validation of the data on abortions between register and questionnaire data showed good agreement.ConclusionsWe found no increase of spontaneous abortion associated to smelter work or to living close to the smelter which could be a result of radically reduced emissions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:131–138, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schizophrenia and the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1): Association study using a single‐base polymorphism in coding exon 1
Authors: Leroy S. , Griffon N. , Bourdel M.C. , Olié J.P. , Poirier M.F. , Krebs M.O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbuse of cannabis is frequent among the young and is suspected to precipitate schizophrenia in vulnerable subjects. Cannabinoid receptor (CB1) is particularly concentrated in dopamine‐modulated areas of the nervous system. An association between an AAT polymorphism of the CB1 gene and intravenous drug abuse has been previously reported, but not with schizophrenia. In a French Caucasian population, we compared the distribution of a single‐base polymorphism revealed by MspI within the first exon of the CB1 gene in patients with schizophrenia (n = 102) and ethnic‐ and gender‐matched controls (n = 63). No significant difference was seen in the allele or genotype distribution between the whole sample of schizophrenic patients and controls. However, we found a borderline lack of allele g and a significant lack of gg genotype in the non–substance‐abusing patients compared to substance‐abusing patients, the latter being similar to the controls. These results are the first report of an significant association between CB1 receptor and a subtype of schizophrenia. Studies are needed to confirm and further explore the precise role of the cannabinoid system in schizophrenia. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between rare chromosomal abnormalities and prenatal ultrasound findings
Authors: Al‐Kouatly Huda B. , Chasen Stephen T. , Gilbert Fred , Ahner Regine , Alonso Lita M. , Chervenak Frank A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur objective was to examine ultrasound findings with outcomes in cases of rare chromosomal abnormalities diagnosed during pregnancy. Results of cytogenetic studies obtained from amniocenteses and chorionic villus samplings (CVS) from 1994–2000 were reviewed. Only those examples of rare chromosomal abnormalities with little information on the associated outcome were included. Cases of autosomal trisomy (13, 18, and 21), sex chromosome aneuploidy, and reciprocal or Robertsonian translocations were excluded. Ultrasound findings and outcomes were reviewed. In all, 8,642 procedures of amniocenteses and 557 of CVS were performed; 21 cases met the inclusion criteria. Parental karyotypes were obtained for 19 couples and the karyotypic abnormalities were de novo in 13. Abnormal ultrasound findings were present in 14 pregnancies, with the following outcomes: seven underwent dilatation and evacuation (D&E), with abnormal findings in two (although examination was limited by fragmentation); one medical termination with micrognathia and low‐set ears; one fetal demise; one neonatal demise; three surviving neonates with abnormalities (one each with congenital kyphosis, hydronephrosis, and hypotonia), and one newborn was normal. There were seven patients without abnormal ultrasound findings with the following outcomes: three underwent D&E, with abnormal findings in two, one child with a colobomatous optic nerve, and two apparently normal infants. Follow‐up was not available in one patient. We conclude that when rare karyotypes and ultrasound abnormalities are present, poor outcomes are likely. Even with normal ultrasound findings, abnormalities may be present. These data may assist in counseling patients when testing reveals such chromosomal abnormalities. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrocephalus and intestinal aganglionosis: Is L1CAM a modifier gene in Hirschsprung disease?
Authors: Parisi Melissa A. , Kapur Raj P. , Neilson Ian , Hofstra Robert M.W. , Holloway Lynda W. , Michaelis Ron C. , Leppig Kathleen A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCongenital hydrocephalus associated with aqueductal stenosis and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum has been described in newborn males with mutations in L1CAM, a gene that encodes a neural cell adhesion molecule. These males usually have severe mental retardation and may have spastic paraplegia and adducted thumbs. In contrast, Hirschsprung disease, or absence of ganglion cells in the distal gut, has rarely been described in such individuals. We report a male infant who had severe hydrocephalus identified in the prenatal period with evidence of aqueductal stenosis and adducted thumbs at birth. He developed chronic constipation, and rectal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Molecular testing of the L1CAM gene revealed a G2254A mutation, resulting in a V752M amino acid substitution. A common polymorphism in RET, but no mutation, was identified. Our patient represents the third example of coincident hydrocephalus and Hirschsprung disease in an individual with an identified L1CAM mutation. We hypothesize that L1CAM‐mediated cell adhesion may be important for the ability of ganglion cell precursors to populate the gut, and that L1CAM may modify the effects of a Hirschsprung disease–associated gene to cause intestinal aganglionosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further delineation of the chromosome 14q terminal deletion syndrome
Authors: van Karnebeek Clara D.M. , Quik Safira , Sluijter Sigrid , Hulsbeek Miriam M.F. , Hoovers Jan M.N. , Hennekam Raoul C.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA patient with hypotonia, blepharophimosis, ptosis, a bulbous nose, a long philtrum, upturned corners of the mouth, and mild developmental delay was found to have a small subtelomeric deletion of the long arm of chromosome 14 (q32.31‐qter). In comparing her phenotype with previously reported patients with similar 14q deletions, due to either a linear deletion or to a ring chromosome 14, a clinically recognizable terminal 14q microdeletion syndrome was evident. Due to the limited number of cases reported, it was not possible to assign specific features to specific regions of terminal 14q. The comparison of features in cases with a linear deletion of 14qter (n = 19) to those in cases with a deletion due to a ring chromosome 14 (n = 23), both with the same breakpoint in 14q, showed that seizures and retinitis pigmentosa have been found only in patients with ring chromosomes. Several hypotheses are put forward to explain this difference: mitotic instability of ring chromosomes; a telomere position effect in ring chromosomes in which the 14p telomere silences nearby gene(s) on the q‐arm; and dose‐dependent gene(s) involved in seizures and retinitis pigmentosa located on the short arm of chromosome 14. In our opinion, only seizures may be explained by the mitotic instability of ring chromosomes, while both seizures and retinitis pigmentosa may be explained by silencing of gene(s) on 14q by the 14p telomere; the third hypothesis seems unlikely to explain either symptom. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Igα (CD79a) gene mutation in a Turkish patient with B cell‐deficient agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Wang Yue , Kanegane Hirokazu , Sanal Ozden , Tezcan Ilhan , Ersoy Fügen , Futatani Takeshi , Miyawaki Toshio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMutations that impair early B cell development result in profound antibody deficiency, which is characterized by a paucity of mature B cells and the early onset of recurrent pyogenic infections. Among these inherited early B cell defects, X‐linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) with mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene is mostly identified. Recent studies have shown that mutations in the gene for μ heavy chain (IGHM) and for other components of the pre‐B cell receptor complex, including λ5/14.1 (IGLL1) or Igα (CD79a), can cause a disorder that is clinically similar to XLA. In a genetic survey of XLA in Turkey, we examined possible mutations in the IGHM, IGLL1, and Igα genes in some male patients with presumed XLA who did not have identifiable BTK mutations. We found an eight‐year‐old boy with a novel homozygous mutation in the Igα gene (IVS2+1G>A) causing B cell defect. This is the second case of agammaglobulinemia due to an Igα (CD79a) deficiency in the world. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for an association with the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism and autism
Authors: Yirmiya Nurit , Pilowsky Tammy , Nemanov Lubov , Arbelle Shoshana , Feinsilver Temira , Fried Iris , Ebstein Richard P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have examined three functional polymorphisms, serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR), dopamine D4 exon III repeat region (DRD4), and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT), in a small family‐based design toward identifying candidate genes that confer risk for autism. A significant excess of the long/long 5‐HTTLPR genotype was observed (likelihood ratio = 7.18; P = 0.027; 2 df; n = 33 families) as well as preferential transmission of the long allele of the 5‐HTTLPR (TDT chi‐square = 5.44; P<0.025; 1 df). No association was observed between the COMT and DRD4 polymorphisms and autism in this sample. Some previous studies have observed linkage between autism and the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism and the current results are similar to those first reported by Klauck et al. [1997: Hum Genet 100:224–229; 1997: Hum Mol Genet 6:2233–2238]. Additionally, elevated serotonin levels have been consistently found in 30%–50% of autistic patients and may represent a marker for familial autism. Hyperserotonemia in autism appears to be due to enhanced 5‐HT uptake, as free 5‐HT levels are normal and the current report of an excess of the long/long 5‐HTTLPR genotype in autism could provide a partial molecular explanation for high platelet serotonin content in autism. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) gene variation is not associated with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder in the German population
Authors: Martí Sylvia Bort , Cichon Sven , Propping Peter , Nöthen Markus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present study, we sought to identify genetic variation in the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) gene, which has been mapped to chromosome 7q21.1–q21.2 [Scherer et al., 1996] and might contribute to genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and/or bipolar affective disorder. Using single‐strand conformation analysis (SSCA), we screened the complete coding sequence as well as adjacent splice sites of the GRM3 gene in a sample of 46 bipolar affective and 46 schizophrenic patients. We detected three sequence variants: a rare C/T substitution at nucleotide position +885 (T209T), a C/T substitution at nucleotide position +2130 (Y624Y), and a more common C/T substitution at nucleotide position +1131 (A291A). The occurrence of the +1131C/T variant was investigated in a sample of bipolar affective patients (n = 283), schizophrenic patients (n = 265), and ethnically matched controls (n = 227). We observed a significant overrepresentation of the +1131T allele in schizophrenic patients when compared to controls (P = 0.0022). This finding was followed up in an independent sample of schizophrenic patients (n = 288) and controls (n = 162) and 128 schizophrenic trios but could not be confirmed. It is therefore unlikely that this variant plays a major role in predisposing to schizophrenia and/or bipolar affective disorder at least in the German population. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in yearling rhesus monkeys’ relationships with their mothers after sibling birth
Authors: Devinney B.J. , Berman C.M. , Rasmussen K.L.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe birth of a new sibling is believed to signify an abrupt and important transition in a young primate’s relationship with its mother—one that is of potential importance from at least three theoretical perspectives: attachment theory, parent–offspring conflict theory, and dynamic assessment models. This study examines changes in relationships between free‐ranging yearling rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and their mothers concomitant with the birth of the mother’s next infant, and tests predictions derived from each theoretical perspective. We observed 31 yearling rhesus on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, 3 months before and 3 months after their siblings’ births, using focal animal sampling methods. Changes in measures related to mother–yearling interaction and yearling distress were examined using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. After sibling birth, mothers and yearlings abruptly reduced amounts of time in contact and increased amounts of time at a distance and out of sight of one another. Mothers and yearlings played approximately equal roles in bringing about decreases in proximity, and yearlings took the primary roles in bringing about decreases in contact. Rates of maternal aggression toward yearlings increased immediately and markedly after birth, possibly providing yearlings with early cues regarding subsequent decreased levels of maternal care. There were no marked increases in overt signs of yearling distress (e.g., vocalizations or tantrums) following the births. We conclude that yearlings generally acquiesced to reduced levels of care, responding behaviorally with increased independence and maturity. In this sense, our study provides preliminary support for dynamic assessment models over attachment theory and parent–offspring conflict theory models. Am. J. Primatol. 54:193–210, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Counter aggression and reconciliation in Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)
Authors: Cooper Matthew A. , Bernstein Irwin S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatterns of aggressive and affiliative behavior, such as counter aggression and reconciliation, are said to covary in the genus Macaca; this is referred to as the systematic variation hypothesis. These behavior patterns constitute a species dominance style. Van Schaik’s [1989] socioecological model explains dominance style in macaques in terms of within‐ and between‐group contest competition. Dominance style is also said to correlate with phylogeny in macaques. The present study was undertaken to examine phylogenetic and socioecological explanations of dominance style, as well as the systematic variation hypothesis. We collected data on counter aggression and reconciliation from a habituated group of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) at the Tukeswari Temple in Assam, India. The proportion of agonistic episodes that involved counter aggression was relatively low. Counter aggression, however, occurred more often among males than among females, and it was most common when females initiated aggression against males. The conciliatory tendency for this group of Assamese macaques was 11.2%. The frequency of reconciliation was low for fights among males and for fights among females, but reconciliation was particularly rare for opposite‐sexed opponents. Female social relationships were consistent with the systematic variation hypothesis, and suggest a despotic dominance style. A despotic dominance style in Assamese macaques weakens the correlation between dominance style and phylogeny in macaques, but it is not inconsistent with the socioecological model. Male–female relationships were not well explained by the despotic‐egalitarian framework, and males may well have more tolerant social relationships than do females. Sex differences need to be considered when categorizing species according to dominance style. Am. J. Primatol. 56:215–230, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.