bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the vulva: Rare tumor with unusual clinical presentation
Authors: El Hanbuli Hala M. , Sarie Mostafa A. Abou , Ibrahium Gehan Azoz , Al‐Amaragy Amr , Elsonbaty Mostafa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA 52‐year‐old female presented with labial ulcer of 4‐month duration. Examination showed 1 cm × 1 cm single superficial ulcer in the right labium majus. Excision was done, and histopathologic examination revealed surface ulceration and dermal invasion by epithelial neoplasm formed of biphasic proliferation of squamoid and gland‐forming cells. Immunohistochemical staining with p63 showed nuclear staining of the squamoid nests and was negative in areas with glandular differentiation, while epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen highlighted the glandular elements. The case was diagnosed as primary cutaneous adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). ASC is an uncommon malignant cutaneous neoplasm that is more aggressive than conventional squamous cell carcinoma. There are a few reports of ASC that presented as an erythematous papule or plaque with a preference for the head, neck, or upper extremities. We report a novel case of vulval ASC presented as a superficial ulcer, which is considered a unique site, and its clinical presentation.
Real‐world use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in youth with type 2 diabetes is associated with short‐term improvements in HbA1c
Authors: Samuels Stephanie L. , Chajecki Anastasia , Hu Pamela , Kayser Michelle , Weyman Kate , Pan Bernard , Brown Elizabeth A. , Van Name Michelle , Wolf Risa M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the short‐term, real‐world use and effectiveness of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) medications in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a diverse cohort of youth.MethodsThis multicentre retrospective study analysed youth prescribed a GLP‐1RA for the management of T2D at two academic paediatric diabetes centres prior to June 2022. Change in HbA1c and insulin use from baseline to first (median 91 days) and second (median 190 days) follow‐up were evaluated for those taking a GLP‐1RA. Multivariable linear mixed effects models adjusting for baseline sex, age, race/ethnicity, insurance, insulin regimen, metformin regimen, GLP‐1RA dosing frequency and the body mass index Z‐score (BMI‐Z) examined the change in HbA1c for participants for up to 6 months after baseline.ResultsA total of 136 patients with T2D (median age 16.1 [interquartile range 13.9‐18.0] years, 54% female, 56% non‐Hispanic Black, 24% Hispanic, 77% with public insurance) were prescribed GLP‐1RAs and taking them at first or second follow‐up. Median HbA1c decreased from 7.9% to 7.6% (P < .001) at a median follow‐up of 91 days (n = 109) and, among those with HbA1c available at baseline and second follow‐up (n = 83), from 8.4% to 7.4%. The proportion of patients prescribed insulin decreased from baseline to the first follow‐up visit (basal 69% to 60% [P = .008], prandial 46% to 38% [P = .03]). In multivariable analysis, there was a mean decrease in HbA1c by 0.09 percentage points per month (P = .005, 95% confidence interval −0.15, −0.03).ConclusionsReal‐world use of GLP‐1RAs in youth with T2D is associated with decreased HbA1c levels, despite challenges with access and adherence. GLP‐1RA treatment may reduce insulin doses for youth with T2D.
Effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes with a psychosocial indication for initiation
Authors: Ssemmondo Emmanuel , Deshmukh Harshal , Wilmot Emma G. , Adeleke Kazeem A. , Shah Najeeb , Walton Chris , Barnes Dennis , Ryder Robert E. J. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo understand the effect of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in people with diabetes with a ‘psychosocial’ indication for access.MethodsThe study utilized baseline and follow‐up data from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists nationwide audit of people with diabetes in the UK. Diabetes‐related distress (DRD) was assessed using the two‐item diabetes‐related distress scale (DDS). Participants were categorized into two groups: high DRD (DDS score ≥ 3) and lower DRD (DDS score < 3). The t‐test was used to assess the difference in the pre‐ and post‐isCGM continuous variables.ResultsThe study consisted of 17 036 people with diabetes, with 1314 (7%) using isCGM for ‘psychosocial’ reasons. Follow‐up data were available for 327 participants, 322 (99%) of whom had type 1 diabetes with a median diabetes duration of 15 years; 75% (n = 241) had high levels of DRD. With the initiation of isCGM, after a mean follow‐up period of 6.9 months, there was a significant reduction in DDS score; 4 at baseline versus 2.5 at follow‐up (P < .001). The prevalence of high DRD reduced from 76% to 38% at follow‐up (50% reduction in DRD, P < .001). There was also a significant reduction in HbA1c (78.5 mmol/mol [9.3%] at baseline vs. 66.5 mmol/mol [8.2%] at follow‐up; P < .001). This group also experienced an 87% reduction in hospital admissions because of hyperglycaemia/diabetic ketoacidosis (P < .001).ConclusionPeople with diabetes who had isCGM initiated for a psychosocial indication had high levels of DRD and HbA1c, which improved with the use of isCGM.
Socio‐economic disparities in hospital care among Dutch patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: de Vries Silvia A. G. , Sas Theo C. J. , Bak Jessica C. G. , Mul Dick , Nieuwdorp Max , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Verheugt Carianne L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimSocio‐economic status (SES) influences diabetes onset, progression and treatment. In this study, the associations between SES and use of hospital care were assessed, focusing on hospitalizations, technology and cardiovascular complications.Materials and MethodsThis was an observational cohort study comprising 196 695 patients with diabetes (all types and ages) treated in 65 hospitals across the Netherlands from 2019 to 2020 using reimbursement data. Patients were stratified in low, middle, or high SES based on residential areas derived from four‐digit zip codes.ResultsChildren and adults with low SES were hospitalized more often than patients with middle or high SES (children: 22%, 19% and 15%, respectively; p < .001, adults: 28%, 25% and 23%; p < .001). Patients with low SES used the least technology: no technology in 48% of children with low SES versus 40% with middle SES and 38% with high SES. In children, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) use was higher in high SES {CSII: odds ratio (OR) 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35‐1.76]; p < .001; rtCGM OR 1.39 [95% CI 1.20‐1.61]; p < .001} and middle SES [CSII: OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.24‐1.62); p < .001; rtCGM: OR 1.27 (95% CI 1.09‐1.47); p = .002] compared with low SES. Macrovascular (OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.75‐0.80); p < .001) and microvascular complications [OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.93‐0.98); p < .001] occurred less in high than in low SES.ConclusionsSocio‐economic disparities were observed in patients with diabetes treated in Dutch hospitals, where basic health care is covered. Patients with low SES were hospitalized more often, used less technology, and adults with high SES showed fewer cardiovascular complications. These inequities warrant attention to guarantee equal outcomes for all.
REduced‐Carbohydrate intervention for managing Obesity and Reduction of gestational Diabetes (RECORD): A randomized controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Michalopoulou Moscho , Jebb Susan A. , MacKillop Lucy H. , Dyson Pamela , Hirst Jane E. , Zhu Sufen , Wire Amy , Astbury Nerys M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo test the feasibility and acceptability of a reduced‐carbohydrate dietary program, intended to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes.Materials and MethodsFifty‐one pregnant women at <20 weeks' gestation, with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, and a normal baseline oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were randomized 2:1 to an intervention or control group and followed‐up until delivery. The dietary intervention aimed at providing 130–150 g carbohydrate/day. Feasibility outcomes assessed at 24–28 weeks' gestation, included adoption of the reduced‐carbohydrate diet by the intervention group, and retention of all participants, assessed by completion of a second OGTT. Changes in glycemia, weight gain and dietary intake, and the maternal and neonatal outcomes were also assessed. Participants were interviewed about their experience of the intervention and the study.ResultsForty‐nine of 51 participants attended the follow‐up OGTT, a retention rate of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 86.8%–98.9%). In the intervention group, carbohydrate intake at follow‐up was 190.4 (95% CI 162.5–215.6) g/day, a reduction of −24.6 (95% CI −51.5–2.4) g/day from baseline. Potentially favourable effects of the intervention on glucose control, weight gain and blood pressure were observed, but the study was not powered to detect significant differences in these. Participants found the intervention acceptable, and were content with the study processes, but some reported barriers to sustained adherence, mainly pertaining to competing priorities.ConclusionsRetention was high, suggesting the study processes are feasible, but the carbohydrate reduction in the intervention group was small, and did not meet progression criteria, limiting the likelihood of achieving the desired goal to prevent gestational diabetes. Trial registration number: ISRCTN16235884.
Risk factor control and incident cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: Sex‐specific relations
Authors: Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Li Xiang , Liang Zhaoxia , Fonseca Vivian , Qi Lu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimWomen with diabetes are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than men with diabetes; however, the sex difference in the association between the degree of risk factor control and the risk of CVD in patients with diabetes is unclear.MethodsIn total, 17 260 participants diagnosed with diabetes from the UK Biobank were included and matched with 86 300 non‐diabetes controls based on age, sex and assessment centre. The main exposure was the number of risk factors within the target range, including glycated haemoglobin level <53 mol/mol (7%), blood pressure <140/90 mm/Hg, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dl, non‐current smoking and absence of microalbuminuria.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 13.3 years, a total of 3338 incident CVD cases, including 2807 ischaemic heart disease and 793 strokes, were documented. A more stringent control of risk factors was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident CVD, and such an association was significantly stronger in women than men. Compared with non‐diabetes participants, the diabetes‐related risk of CVD appeared to be eliminated if more than three risk factors were well controlled among women and men with diabetes. Moreover, clinical biomarkers (e.g. glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure) showed greater relative importance than other factors in women, whereas socio‐economic and psychological factors (e.g. education and depression) exhibited similar relative importance to clinical biomarkers in men with diabetes.ConclusionOur findings highlighted the importance of raising awareness of sex differences in the management of CVD risk factors among patients with diabetes.
Study of stress‐strain loops on cardiotoxicity related to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Chunlan Shi , Bing Yue , Xi Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on left ventricular myocardial work by pressure‐strain loop (PSL).MethodsForty‐three immunotherapy patients were enrolled in the case group, and another 43 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the control group. They were examined by echocardiography before immunotherapy (T0 phase), after three cycles of treatment (T3 phase) and after six cycles of treatment (T6 phase). Conventional echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), and myocardial work indices, including global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global work waste (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE), were collected for analysis to compare the results of the different immunotherapy cycles.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences of baseline characteristics, conventional echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular strain, and myocardial work indices between T0 phase and control group (all p > .05). There were no statistically significant differences in LVEF between T0, T3, and T6 phase (all p > .05). GLS, GWI, GCW, and GWE were decreased and GWW was increased in T3 and T6 phase. There were no statistically significant difference between GLS in T3 and T0 phase (q = .9057, p > .05). The difference was statistically significant between GLS in T6 and T0 phase (q = 5.5651, p < .01). The difference was statistically significant between GLS in T3 and T6phase(q = 4.6594, p < .01). There were statistically significant difference in GWI, GCW, GWE, and GWW in the T3 and T6 phase compared with the T0 phase (p < .01).ConclusionPSL can effectively evaluate the effect of ICIs on left ventricular myocardial work, to provide a new method for the early clinical detection of ICIs‐related cardiotoxicity.
Usefulness of tissue Doppler‐derived left ventricular isovolumic contraction velocity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Kawata Takayuki , Omori Yuki , Suzuki Minako , Ikeda Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a group of diseases classified by left ventricular (LV) EF, a measure of pump function. However, LVEF does not reflect LV contractility. Previous studies have shown that tissue Doppler‐derived LV isovolumic contraction velocity (IVCv) correlates well with the LV peak dP/dt, an index of LV contractility. We explored whether LV IVCv is associated with 1‐year post‐discharge outcomes in HFpEF.MethodsWe enrolled 113 patients (median age, 86 years, 45 male) with HFpEF (EF on admission ≥ 50%) who were admitted to our hospital for the treatment of acute HF. Clinical characteristics including echocardiographic data were obtained before discharge. IVCv was obtained from the tissue Doppler waveforms of both the septal and lateral mitral annulus of the apical 4‐chamber view and averaged data were used. Primary outcomes were all‐cause death or unplanned hospitalization due to HF within the first year.ResultsAmong all patients, median LVEF was 61%, left atrial diameter was 47 mm, E/e’ was 17.5, and IVCv was 4.5 cm/sec; mean tricuspid regurgitation velocity was 2.6 m/sec. Regarding laboratory data, the median plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide level was 185 pg/mL. Thirty‐four events occurred (15 deaths, 19 unplanned hospitalizations due to HF) within the first year. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, IVCv was significantly associated with outcomes (hazard ratio .68, 95% confidence interval .50–.89, p = .0095), independent of general characteristics, echocardiographic measures and pertinent laboratory parameters.ConclusionLV IVCv was independently associated with 1‐year outcomes in patients with HFpEF.
The impacts of biologic treatment on metabolic profiling in psoriasis
Authors: Deng Sichun , Zhou Guowei , Li Xingyu , Zhang Guanxiong , Hu Kun , Lu Yan , Li Jiashuai , Liu Yijie , Zhou Guo , Zhang Mi , Chen Junchen , Liu Hong , Kuang Yehong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory disease commonly accompanied by various metabolic disorders. It is widely known that biologics could affect the metabolic status and comorbidities in psoriasis patients, however, the effects of biologics on metabolism in psoriasis patients remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristic changes of metabolic profiling in psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) patients before and after applying biologics. Plasma samples were collected from a retrospective cohort of 43 PsV patients. Non‐targeted metabolomics analyses were performed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) to compare the metabolic profiles before and after applying adalimumab (ADA) or ixekizumab (IXE) for 4 weeks. Additionally, correlation analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between metabolite expression levels and clinical characteristics. The biologics significantly affected the metabolic profiles of PsV patients especially in glycerophospholipids (GPs). First, phosphatidylcholine (PC), unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and unsaturated lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) were significantly up‐regulated, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), saturated LPC, saturated LPA and saturated LPE were predominantly down‐regulated after biologic treatment. What is more, the changes in PE and LPA were mainly observed after applying IXE instead of ADA. Second, we also found GPs including PC, unsaturated LPC, unsaturated LPA and unsaturated LPE were primarily negatively correlated with disease severity, whereas, PE, saturated LPC, saturated LPA and saturated LPE displayed inverse correlations. Biologics could affect GP metabolism and facilitate the transition of metabolic status from a pro‐inflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype in PsV patients.
Cell–cell communication in stem cells and cancer: Alone but in touch
Authors: Radak Mehran , Fallahi Hossein 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCellular communication and signaling pathways are fundamental regulators of stem cell and cancer cell behaviors. This review explores the intricate interplay of these pathways in governing cellular behaviors, focusing on their implications for diseases, particularly cancer.ObjectivesThis comprehensive review aims to elucidate the significance of cellular signaling pathways in regulating the behavior of stem cells and cancer cells. It delves into the alterations in these pathways, their impact on cell fate, and their implications for developing diseases, notably cancer. The objective is to underscore the importance of understanding these signaling pathways for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.MethodsThe review critically analyzes existing literature and research findings concerning the roles of signaling pathways in stem cell behavior regulation, emphasizing their parallels and disparities in cancer cells. It synthesizes information on both direct and indirect modes of cell communication to delineate the complexity of signaling networks.ResultsDirect and indirect modes of cell communication intricately regulate the complex signaling pathways governing stem cell behaviors, influencing differentiation potential and tissue regeneration. Alterations in these pathways significantly impact stem cell fate, contributing to disease pathogenesis, including cancer. Understanding these signaling cascades offers insights into developing targeted therapies, particularly cancer treatment.ConclusionUnderstanding the regulation of signaling pathways in stem cells and the specialized subset of cancer stem cells holds promise for innovative therapeutic approaches. By targeting aberrant signaling pathways, tailored interventions may improve treatment outcomes. This review underscores the critical role of signaling pathways in cellular behaviors, offering a pathway toward developing novel, more effective therapies for diverse diseases and disorders.
Short selling and readability in financial disclosures: A controlled experiment
Authors: Sun Minxing , Xu Weike 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe examine the causal effect of short‐selling on a firm's annual report readability using regulation SHO, which relaxes short‐sale constraints for a random sample of pilot stocks. Pilot firms produce significantly less readable annual reports than nonpilot firms during the experiment period. Our results are more pronounced for firms that receive less investor attention and those with poorer growth prospects. Furthermore, pilot firms increase the use of uncertainty words in annual reports during the experiment period. Our results suggest that firms produce less transparent financial disclosures that are more costly for investors to comprehend when short‐sale constraints are less rigorous.
Effects of fear of COVID‐19 on older volunteers' willingness to continue their activities: REPRINTScohort study
Authors: Takahashi Tomoya , Matsunaga Hiroko , Sagara Tomoya , Fujita Koji , Fujihira Kyoko , Ogawa Susumu , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Murayama Hiroshi , Fujiwara Yoshinori 
Published: January 2024

AimThis study examined the effects of fear of COVID‐19 on older volunteers' willingness to continue activities that required face‐to‐face interactions.MethodsFrom September to November 2020, a self‐administered questionnaire survey was conducted with 481 older adult volunteers. A total of 423 responses were collected; 343 had no missing items and were included in the analysis. Analysis items included willingness to continue volunteer activities, fear of COVID‐19, mental and physical health, and a group of items related to factors influencing the continuation of volunteer activities.ResultsThe structural analysis of covariance indicated that volunteer orientation, which included items considered to be factors for continuing volunteer activities, had a significant positive influence on the willingness to continue activities. Fear of COVID‐19 had a significant negative effect on the latent variable mental and physical health, which consisted of a subjective sense of health, but fear of COVID‐19 and physical and mental health had no significant effect on the willingness to continue volunteering.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the willingness of older adults to continue volunteer activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic is influenced by their volunteer orientation and is not affected by their fear of COVID‐19. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 370–376.
Synthesis of highly disperse NbSi2–Si3N4 and Si3N4–NbN composite powders
Authors: Lytvyn Roman , Kud Iryna , Myslyvchenko Oleksandr , Medyukh Roman , Krushynska Larysa , Zgalat‐Lozynskyy Ostap 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe behavior of reaction powder mixtures of stoichiometric compositions calculated for the synthesis of higher niobium nitride and silicide in the temperature range 800–1400°С in vacuum according to the reactions 4Nb + Si3N4 and 3Nb + 2Si3N4, respectively, has been investigated. The decomposition of Si3N4 is accompanied by the formation of lower nitride and lower silicide phases of niobium. The content of the silicide phase increases with heat treatment temperature, and, at 1400°С, NbSi2 forms. The nitride phase remains practically unchanged up to 1300°С and disappears at 1400°С. On the basis of the established regularities, we have developed synthesis methods for Si3N4–NbN and Si3N4–NbSi2 powders, which include the introduction of excess Si3N4 with respect to the stoichiometric composition. The combined two‐stage technological cycle of synthesis of Si3N4–NbN involves vacuum annealing at 1000°С and subsequent nitriding at 1300°С. The synthesis method for NbSi2–Si3N4 assumes the in situ successive formation of niobium silicide phases up to 1400°С. The synthesized Si3N4–15NbN and NbSi2–14Si3N4 powders consist of multiphase agglomerates with a mean size of 5.5 and 8.8 µm, respectively, and a nanodisperse fraction with a mean particle size of 200 nm.