bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Case-Control Study of Eravacycline for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Infections in Patients With Burn Injuries
Authors: Alexander Connor , Hill David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thermal injuries lead to a deficiency in one’s natural, protective barrier, resulting in increased susceptibility to pathogens, and often require multiple courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Eravacycline (ERA) has shown adequate in vitro activity against multiple multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens including Acinetobacter sp. Due to the increasing prevalence of MDR bacteria and the heightened susceptibility of patients with burns to infection, studies are needed to examine the clinical effect of eravacycline in this population. The objective of this retrospective, case-control study was to compare the outcomes of patients with thermal injuries treated with eravacycline versus a matched control for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections. Patients with thermal injury admitted to an American Burn Associated-verified burn center from May 1, 2019 to July 31, 2022, who received eravacycline, were randomly matched 4:1 to a historical cohort using a previously established, de-identified dataset of patients treated with colistimethate sodium (CMS) in the same burn center (March 1, 2009 to March 31, 2014), based on % total body surface area (%TBSA), age, and CRAB. A composite favorable outcome was defined as 30-day survival, completion of the course, lack of 14-day recurrence, and lack of acute kidney injury (AKI). Treatment with eravacycline over CMS was not more or less likely to be associated with a favorable response [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 2.066 (0.456–9.361), P = .347]. Patients treated with CMS had nearly 9-fold higher odds of new-onset AKI versus ERA [8.816 (0.911–85.308), P = .06]. Adverse events were uncommon in the ERA group. There was no difference in mortality.
Regularized deep learning for unsupervised random noise attenuation in poststack seismic data
Authors: Song Chengyun , Guo Shutao , Xiong Chuanchao , Tuo Jiying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Deep learning methods achieve excellent noise reduction performances in seismic data processing compared with traditional methods. However, deep learning usually requires a large number of pairwise noisy-clean training data, which is an extremely challenging task. In this paper, an unsupervised approach without clean seismic data is proposed to suppress random noise. Seismic data is divided into odd and even traces, which serve as the input and output of the depth network, so that the proposed algorithm can be trained directly on the original data. What is more, the proposed method introduces two regularization terms to solve the over-smoothing problem caused by reconstruction of adjacent traces. The first term considers an ideal denoising network that does not cause oversmooth as a constraint, while the second term considers the structural information existing in seismic data. Experiments on synthetic post-stack data illustrate that the proposed method obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the comparison methods. In the application of field post-stack seismic data, the proposed method can effectively maintain the seismic amplitude and generate good spectral characteristics.
Impact of pain and adverse health outcomes on long-term US testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Dinh Paul C , Monahan Patrick O , Fosså Sophie D , Sesso Howard D , Feldman Darren R , Dolan M Eileen , Nevel Kathryn , Kincaid John , Vaughn David J , Martin Neil E , Sanchez Victoria A , Einhorn Lawrence H , Frisina Robert , Fung Chunkit , Kroenke Kurt , Travis Lois B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
No study has quantified the impact of pain and other adverse health outcomes on global physical and mental health in long-term US testicular cancer survivors or evaluated patient-reported functional impairment due to pain.

Methods
Testicular cancer survivors given cisplatin-based chemotherapy completed validated surveys, including Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System v1.2 global physical and mental health, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain questionnaires, and others. Multivariable linear regression examined relationships between 25 adverse health outcomes with global physical and mental health and pain-interference scores. Adverse health outcomes with a β^  of more than 2 are clinically important and reported below.

Results
Among 358 testicular cancer survivors (median age = 46 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 38–53 years; median time since chemotherapy = 10.7 years, IQR = 7.2–16.0 years), median adverse health outcomes number was 5 (IQR = 3–7). A total of 12% testicular cancer survivors had 10 or more adverse health outcomes, and 19% reported chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Increasing adverse health outcome numbers were associated with decreases in physical and mental health (P &lt; .0001 each). In multivariable analyses, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (β^ = −3.72; P = .001), diabetes (β^ = −4.41; P = .037), obesity (β^ = −2.01; P = .036), and fatigue (β^ = −8.58; P &lt; .0001) were associated with worse global mental health, while being married or living as married benefited global mental health (β^ = 3.63; P = .0006). Risk factors for pain-related functional impairment included lower extremity location (β^ = 2.15; P = .04) and concomitant peripheral artery disease (β^ = 4.68; P &lt; .001). Global physical health score reductions were associated with diabetes (β^ = −3.81; P = .012), balance or equilibrium problems (β^ = −3.82; P = .003), cognitive dysfunction (β^ = −4.43; P &lt; .0001), obesity (β^ = −3.09; P &lt; .0001), peripheral neuropathy score (β^ = −2.12; P &lt; .0001), and depression (β^ = −3.17; P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Testicular cancer survivors suffer adverse health outcomes that negatively impact long-term global mental health, global physical health, and pain-related functional status. Clinically important factors associated with worse physical and mental health identify testicular cancer survivors requiring closer monitoring, counseling, and interventions. Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain must be addressed, given its detrimental impact on patient-reported functional status and mental health 10 or more years after treatment.
Management of Combat Casualties during Aeromedical Evacuation from a Role 2 to a Role 3 Medical Facility
Authors: Maddry Joseph K , Araña Allyson A , Mora Alejandra G , Schauer Steven G , Reeves Lauren K , Cutright Julie E , Paciocco Joni A , Perez Crystal A , Davis William T , Ng Patrick C 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Emergent clinical care and patient movements through the military evacuation system improves survival. Patient management differs when transporting from the point-of-injury (POI) to the first medical treatment facility (MTF) versus transporting from the Role 2 to the Role 3 MTF secondary to care rendered within the MTF, including surgery and advanced resuscitation. The objective of this study was to describe care provided to patients during theater inter-facility transports and compare with pre-hospital transports (POI to first MTF).

Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with the Role 2 to the Role 3 transports in Afghanistan and Iraq from 2007 to 2016. Data collected included procedures and events at the MTF and during transport. We compared the intra-theater transport data (Role 2 to Role 3) to data from a previous study evaluating pre-hospiital transports (POI to first MTF).

Results
We reviewed the records of 869 Role 2 to Role 3 transport patients. Role 2 to Role 3 transports were longer in duration compared to POI transports (39 minutes vs. 23 minutes) and were more likely to be staffed by advanced personnel (nurses, physician assistants, and physicians) (57% vs. 3%). The sample primarily consisted of military-aged males (mean age 27 years) who suffered from explosive or blunt force injuries. Procedures performed during each phase of care reflected the capabilities of the teams and locations. Pain and cardiac events were more common in POI evacuations compared to the Role 2 to Role 3 transports, but documentation of respiratory events, hemodynamic events, neurologic events, and equipment failure was more common during the Role 2 to Role 3 transports. Survival rates were slightly higher among the Role 2 to Role 3 cohort (98% vs. 95%, difference 3% [95% confidence interval of the difference 1-5%]).

Conclusions
Inter-facility transports (Role 2 to Role 3) are longer in duration, transport more complex patients, and are staffed by more advanced level provider types compared to transports from POI.
Use of Prize Competitions to Develop Advanced Military Medical Capabilities
Authors: White Tonya Y , Walter Scott F 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Research and development of military-required innovations are usually funded through the issuance of grants and contracts. The limitations of these funding methods are the a priori specifications and objectives that limit creativity and often do not produce capabilities beyond the desired outcomes or leverage the best ideas and solutions available. This limited engagement of commercial industry to develop military-required innovations usually relies solely on government funding and receipt of proposals from companies whose business model is built on receiving government grants and contracts, with the government owning most of the risks. Because the produced capabilities or products are designed to be military-unique, there is a limited or no commercial market available, usually driving the price per unit extremely high to the point that the military cannot afford to procure products in quantities sufficient to enable businesses to keep production lines open, however, for military-required or desired capabilities or products that have a commercial market, there are other funding pathways available to develop products by partnering with industry, academia, and other non-government organizations and leveraging their ideas and funding. One such way of engaging the commercial industry is through the use of prize competitions. This often under-utilized pathway has several notable strengths such as (1) reduced risks and costs for the military to develop novel capabilities and products; (2) new and novel creative solutions to solve military problems; (3) utilizing a results-oriented approach that funds the successful achievement of acceptance criteria versus funding of potential to achieve; (4) enticing investors by increased competition for a successful product or capability; and (5) delivery of a commercially available, affordable, field-tested, and viable capabilities and products. Prize competitions may be used by any/all federal agencies as authorized by Congressional Public Laws and Federal regulations. The specifics of this pathway for funding pathway and applications for use by medical researchers, developers, and project/program managers are spelled out in the article, along with the regulatory guidance and resources for finding out more about current and past prize competitions.
A Lack of Generalizability—Total Knee Demographics in the Active Duty Population
Authors: Olsen Aaron A , Junge Joshua M , Booth Greg , Abraham Vivek M , Balazs George C , Goldman Ashton H 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Age and sex are known demographic risk factors for requiring revision surgery following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Military service members are a unique population with barriers to long-term follow up after surgery. This study aims to compare demographic data between active duty military personnel and a nationwide sample to identify differences that may impact clinical and economic outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective observational analysis was performed using the Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). Databases were queried for patients undergoing primary TKA between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020. The MDR was queried for demographic data including age, sex, duty status, facility type, geographic region, history of prior military deployment, history of deployment-related health condition, branch of military service, and military rank. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for age and sex. Median age between populations was compared with the Mann–Whitney U test, and gender was compared with a chi-squared test.

Results
During the study period, 2,094 primary TKA patients were identified from the MDR, and 357,865 TKA patients were identified from the NSQIP database. Military TKA patients were 79.4% male with a median age of 49.0, and NSQIP TKA patients were 38.9% were male, with a median age of 67. Military TKA patients were significantly more likely to be male (P &lt; .001) and younger (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Patients undergoing TKA in the military are younger and more likely to be male compared to national trends. Current evidence suggests these factors may place them at a significant revision risk in the future. The application of quality metrics based on nationwide demographics may not be applicable to military members within the Military Health System.
Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex from China, including the diploid VNIII isolates from HIV-infected patients in Chongqing region
Authors: Zhang Lanyu , Wang Saisai , Hong Nan , Li Muyuan , Liu Yiting , Zhou Tao , Peng Yan , Hu Changhua , Li Xiaoxu , Zhang Zhen , Guo Mengzhu , Cogliati Massimo , Hitchcock Megan , Xu Jianping , Chen Min , Liao Guojian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although previous studies on the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex (CNSC) isolates from China revealed ST5 genotype isolates being dominant, the information about the CNSC isolates from Chinese HIV-infected patients is limited. In this study, 171 CNSC isolates from HIV-infected patients in the Chongqing region of Southwest China were genotyped using the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology-multilocus sequence typing consensus scheme, and their antifungal drug susceptibilities were determined following CLSI M27-A3 guidelines. Among 171 isolates, six sequence types (STs) were identified, including the dominant ST5 isolates, the newly reported ST15, and four diploid VNIII isolates (ST632/ST636). Moreover, a total of 1019 CNSC isolates with STs and HIV-status information were collected and analyzed from Mainland China in the present study. A minimum spanning analysis grouped these 1019 isolates into three main subgroups, which were dominated by the ST5 clonal complex (CC5), followed by the ST31 clonal complex (CC31) and ST93 clonal complex (CC93). The trend of resistance or decreasing susceptibility of clinical CNSC isolates to azole agents within HIV-infected patients from the Chongqing region is increasing, especially resistance to fluconazole.
Spectropolarimetry of the Type IIP supernova 2021yja: an unusually high continuum polarization during the photospheric phase
Authors: Vasylyev Sergiy S , Yang Yi , Patra Kishore C , Filippenko Alexei V , Baade Dietrich , Brink Thomas G , Hoeflich Peter , Maund Justyn R , Patat Ferdinando , Wang Lifan , Wheeler J Craig , Zheng WeiKang 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present six epochs of optical spectropolarimetry of the Type IIP supernova (SN) 2021yja ranging from ∼25 to 95 d after the explosion. An unusually high continuum linear polarization of $p \approx 0.9~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ is measured during the early photospheric phase, followed by a steady decrease well before the onset of the nebular phase. This behaviour has not been observed before in Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP). The observed continuum polarization angle does not change significantly during the photospheric phase. We find a pronounced axis of symmetry in the global ejecta that is shared in common with the Hα and Ca ii near-infrared triplet lines. These observations are consistent with an ellipsoidal geometry. The temporal evolution of the continuum polarization is also compatible with the SN ejecta interacting with aspherical circumstellar matter (CSM), although no spectroscopic features that may be associated with strong interaction can be identified. Alternatively, we consider the source of the high polarization to be an extended hydrogen envelope that is indistinguishable from low-density CSM.
The eROSITA final equatorial-depth survey (eFEDS): host-galaxy demographics of X-ray AGNs with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Li Junyao , Silverman John D , Merloni Andrea , Salvato Mara , Buchner Johannes , Goulding Andy , Liu Teng , Arcodia Riccardo , Comparat Johan , Ding Xuheng , Ichikawa Kohei , Imanishi Masatoshi , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee , Toba Yoshiki 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the physical properties, such as star-forming activity, disc versus bulge nature, galaxy size, and obscuration of 3811 SRG/eROSITA-detected AGNs at 0.2 &lt; z &lt; 0.8 in the eFEDS field. Using Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging data in the grizy bands, we measure the structural and stellar properties for their host galaxies by performing a 2D AGN-host image decomposition. We find that (1) AGNs can contribute significantly to the total optical light down to ${\rm log}\, L_{\rm X}\sim 42.5\ \rm erg\ s^{-1}$, thus ignoring the AGN component can significantly bias the structural measurements; (2) AGN hosts are predominately star-forming galaxies at ${\rm log}\, \mathcal {M}_\star \lesssim 11.3\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$; (3) the bulk of AGNs (64 per cent) reside in galaxies with significant stellar discs ($\rm S\acute{e}rsic$ index n &lt; 2), while their host galaxies become increasingly bulge dominated (n ∼ 4) and quiescent at ${\rm log}\, \mathcal {M}_\star \gtrsim 11.0\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$; (4) the size–stellar mass relation of AGN hosts tends to lie between that of inactive (i.e. non-AGN) star-forming, and quiescent galaxies, suggesting that the physical mechanism responsible for building the central stellar density also efficiently fuel the black hole growth; (5) the hosts of X-ray unobscured AGNs are biased towards face-on systems, suggesting that some of the obscuration of the nuclei could come from galaxy-scale gas and dust. This will bias against the detection of unobscured AGNs in gas-rich star-forming galaxies, which may partly account for the deficiency of star-forming discs as host galaxies for the most massive AGNs (missing star-forming fraction up to $\sim 40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$). Our results are consistent with a scenario in which the black hole and galaxy transform in structure and star-forming activity while grow in mass, as desired to establish the local $\mathcal {M}_{\rm BH}-\mathcal {M}_{\rm bulge}$ relation.
Optimal metallicity diagnostics for MUSE observations of low-z galaxies
Authors: Easeman Bethan , Schady Patricia , Wuyts Stijn , Yates Robert M 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The relatively red wavelength range (4800–9300 Å) of the VLT Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) limits which metallicity diagnostics can be used; in particular excluding those requiring the [${\rm O\, {\small II}}$]λλ3726,29 doublet. We assess various strong line diagnostics by comparing to sulphur $T_{\rm {\it e}}$-based metallicity measurements for a sample of 671 H ii regions from 36 nearby galaxies from the MUSE Atlas of Disks (MAD) survey. We find that the O3N2 and N2 diagnostics return a narrower range of metallicities that lie up to ∼0.3 dex below $T_{\rm {\it e}}$-based measurements, with a clear dependence on both metallicity and ionization parameter. The N2S2H α diagnostic shows a near-linear relation with the $T_{\rm {\it e}}$-based metallicities, although with a systematic downward offset of ∼0.2 dex, but no clear dependence on ionization parameter. These results imply that the N2S2H α diagnostic produces the most reliable results when studying the distribution of metals within galaxies with MUSE. On sub-H ii region scales, the O3N2 and N2 diagnostics measure metallicity decreasing towards the centres of H ii regions, contrary to expectations. The S-calibration and N2S2H α diagnostics show no evidence of this, and show a positive relationship between ionization parameter and metallicity at $12 + \log (\rm {O/H})$ &gt; 8.4, implying the relationship between ionization parameter and metallicity differs on local and global scales. We also present hiidentify, a python tool developed to identify H ii regions within galaxies from H α emission maps. All segmentation maps and measured emission line strengths for the 4408 H ii regions identified within the MAD sample are available to download.
Nested solitons in two-field fuzzy dark matter
Authors: Luu Hoang Nhan , Mocz Philip , Vogelsberger Mark , May Simon , Borrow Josh , Tye S-H Henry , Broadhurst Tom 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Dark matter as scalar particles consisting of multiple species is well motivated in string theory where axion fields are ubiquitous. A two-field fuzzy dark matter (FDM) model features two species of ultralight axion particles with different masses, m1 ≠ m2, which is extended from the standard one-field model with $m_a \sim 10^{-22} \, {\rm eV}$. Here we perform numerical simulations to explore the properties of two-field FDM haloes. We find that the central soliton has a nested structure when m2 ≫ m1, which is distinguishable from the generic flat-core soliton in one-field haloes. However, the formation of this nested soliton is subject to many factors, including the density fraction and mass ratio of the two fields. Finally, we study non-linear structure formation in two-field cosmological simulations with self-consistent initial conditions and find that the small-scale structure in two-field cosmology is also distinct from the one-field model in terms of DM halo counts and soliton formation time.
Damping of MHD turbulence in a partially ionized medium
Authors: Hu Yue , Xu Siyao , Arzamasskiy Lev , Stone James M , Lazarian A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The coupling state between ions and neutrals in the interstellar medium plays a key role in the dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, but is challenging to study numerically. In this work, we investigate the damping of MHD turbulence in a partially ionized medium using 3D two-fluid (ions + neutrals) simulations generated with the athenak code. Specifically, we examine the velocity, density, and magnetic field statistics of the two-fluid MHD turbulence in different regimes of neutral-ion coupling. Our results demonstrate that when ions and neutrals are strongly coupled, the velocity statistics resemble those of single-fluid MHD turbulence. Both the velocity structures and kinetic energy spectra of ions and neutrals are similar, while their density structures can be significantly different. With an excess of small-scale sharp density fluctuations in ions, the density spectrum in ions is shallower than that of neutrals. When ions and neutrals are weakly coupled, the turbulence in ions is more severely damped due to the ion-neutral collisional friction than that in neutrals, resulting in a steep kinetic energy spectrum and density spectrum in ions compared to the Kolmogorov spectrum. We also find that the magnetic energy spectrum basically follows the shape of the kinetic energy spectrum of ions, irrespective of the coupling regime. In addition, we find large density fluctuations in ions and neutrals and thus spatially inhomogeneous ionization fractions. As a result, the neutral-ion decoupling and damping of MHD turbulence take place over a range of length-scales.