bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental recall on WAIS‐R digit symbol discriminates Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Demakis George J. , Sawyer Thomas P. , Fritz Dawn , Sweet Jerry J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine how Alzheimer's (n = 37) and Parkinson's (n = 21) patients perform on the incidental recall adaptation to the Digit Symbol of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS‐R) and how such performance is related to established cognitive efficiency and memory measures. This adaptation requires the examinee to complete the entire subtest and then, without warning, to immediately recall the symbols associated with each number. Groups did not differ significantly on standard Digit Symbol administration (90 seconds), but on recall Parkinson's patients recalled significantly more symbols and symbol‐number pairs than Alzheimer's patients. Using only the number of symbols recalled, discriminate function analysis correctly classified 76% of these patients. Correlations between age‐corrected scaled score, symbols incidentally recalled, and established measures of cognitive efficiency and memory provided evidence of convergent and divergent validity. Age‐corrected scaled scores were more consistently and strongly related to cognitive efficiency, whereas symbols recalled were more consistently and strongly related to memory measures. These findings suggest that the Digit Symbol recall adaptation is actually assessing memory and that it can be another useful way to detect memory impairment. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 387–394, 2001.
The impact of Thought Field Therapy on heart rate variability
Authors: Callahan Roger J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThought Field Therapy (TFT) is a rapid treatment for psychological problems typically taking only minutes. HRV has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality and is adversely affected by such problems as anxiety, depression, and trauma. Interventions presented in the current literature show modest improvements in HRV. Twenty cases, treated by the author and other therapists with TFT, are presented. The cases include some with diagnosed heart problems and very low HRV, which is ordinarily more resistant to change. The degree of improvements that are registered on HRV as a result of TFT treatment exceeds reports found in the current literature. There is a close correspondence between improved HRV and client report of reduced degree of upset. HRV may prove to be an appropriate objective measure of psychotherapy efficacy given the correspondence between client report and HRV outcome. Further research in TFT and HRV is encouraged by these results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1153–1170, 2001.
Development of the reasons for living inventory for young adults
Authors: Gutierrez Peter M. , Osman Augustine , Barrios Francisco X. , Kopper Beverly A. , Baker Monty T. , Haraburda Cheryl M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAssessment of the reliability, validity, and predictive power of a new measure, the Reasons for Living Inventory for Young Adults (RFL‐YA) is described. A series of three studies was conducted at two Midwestern universities to develop initial items for this new measure, refine item selection, and demonstrate the psychometric properties of the RFL‐YA. The theoretical differences between the RFL‐YA and the College Student Reasons for Living Inventory (CS‐RFL) are discussed. Although the two measures were not directly compared, it appears that the RFL‐YA has greater specificity for exploring aspects of the protective construct and may be more parsimonious than the CS‐RFL. Principal‐axis factor analysis yielded a five‐factor solution for the RFL‐YA accounting for 61.5% of the variance. This five‐factor oblique model was confirmed in the final phase of investigation. Alpha estimates for the five subscales ranged from .89 to .94. Concurrent, convergent‐discriminant, and criterion validity also were demonstrated. The importance of assessing protective factors in addition to negative risk factors for suicidality is discussed. Directions for future research with the RFL‐YA also are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 339–357, 2002.
Cultural and spiritual coping in sobriety: Informing substance abuse prevention for Alaska Native communities
Authors: Hazel Kelly L. , Mohatt Gerald V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCulture and spirituality have been conceptualized as both protecting people from addiction and assisting in the recovery process. A collaborative study, utilizing focus group and survey methods, defined and examined cultural and spiritual coping in sobriety among a select sample of Alaska Natives. Results suggest that the Alaska Native worldview incorporates a circular synthesis and balance of physical, cognitive, emotional, and spiritual processes within a protective layer of family and communal/cultural beliefs and practices embedded within the larger environment. Cultural‐spiritual coping in sobriety is a process of appraisal, change, and connection that leads the person toward achieving an overarching construct: a sense of coherence. Cultural and spiritual processes provide important areas for understanding the sobriety process as well as keys to the prevention of alcohol abuse and addiction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Structured after‐school activities as a moderator of depressed mood for adolescents with detached relations to their parents
Authors: Mahoney Joseph L. , Schweder Amanda E. , Stattin Håkan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated whether participation in structured after‐school activities moderates the association between detached parent–adolescent relationships and adolescent depressed mood. A representative sample of 539 14‐year‐olds and their parents were assessed concerning adolescent participation in after‐school activities, the parent–adolescent relationship, and adolescent depressed mood. Results showed that adolescents with detached relations to their parents reported high levels of depressed mood. Adolescents who participated in after‐school activities reported low levels of depressed mood compared to adolescents not participating in such activities; however, this was primarily true of participants who perceived high support from their activity leader. Support from after‐school activity leaders was particularly important for a subgroup of youth characterized by highly detached relations to their parents. Although girls reported higher levels of depressed mood than did boys, the associated benefits of perceived support from an activity leader were consistent across gender. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Renal fungal ball: An unusual sonographic finding
Authors: Kale Hrishikesh , Narlawar Ranjeet S. , Rathod Krantikumar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFungal infections of the urinary tract tend to occur in the drainage structures instead of the renal parenchyma. In patients with systemic candidiasis, the kidney is vulnerable to the formation of cortical abscesses or obstructive intrarenal masses (“fungal balls”), usually at the ureteropelvic junction. We describe the case of a boy who presented with dysuria, fever, and chills. Sonographic examination showed mild enlargement of both kidneys and moderate dilatation of the pelvicaliceal system bilaterally. A well‐defined, echogenic, oval, mobile mass measuring 2.5 × 2.0 cm, without posterior acoustic shadowing, was visualized in the pelvis of the left kidney. The upper and middle ureters were dilated bilaterally. A urine culture revealed hyphae of Candida albicans. The child received systemic antifungal therapy with fluconazole for 3 weeks. Follow‐up sonography showed complete resolution of the mass (a fungal ball) with residual hydronephrosis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:178–180, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10049
Sonographic measurement of the volume of the left lateral segment of the liver
Authors: Hatsuno Tsuyoshi , Kaneko Tetsuya , Ito Shigeki , Nakao Akimasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of sonography for measuring the volume of the left lateral segment of the liver.MethodsThe volume of the left lateral segment of the liver was measured with sonography in 101 consecutive patients who were hospitalized between December 1998 and January 2000 for hepatic, biliary, or pancreatic disease or who were donors for a living related liver transplantation. The results were compared with those obtained using CT.ResultsThe mean calculated volume of the left lateral segment of the liver ± standard deviation was 261 ± 118 cm3 by sonography compared with 274 ± 123 cm3 by CT. The relationship between the results of both imaging modalities was linear and statistically significant (r = 0.93; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that sonography has an acceptable level of accuracy and reliability for routine measurement of the volume of the left lateral segment of the liver. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:117–122, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10050
Gender‐related changes in the avian vasotocin system during ontogeny
Authors: Jurkevich Aleksandr , Grossmann Roland , Balthazart Jacques , Viglietti‐Panzica Carla 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe arginine vasotocin (AVT) system of the avian brain includes a sexually dimorphic part that extends from the caudal part of preoptic region through the medial part of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BSTm) to the lateral septum. It is composed of the parvocellular neurons located in the BSTm and the dense innervation of the medial preoptic region and lateral septum. In this part of the brain, AVT expression is stronger in males than in females in a few bird species investigated to date. This review focuses on the ontogeny of sexual differences in the vasotocinergic system of two gallinaceous species, domestic chicken and Japanese quail, and on the role of gonadal hormones in organizing during development and maintaining in adulthood these differences. Parvocellular AVT neurons become discernible in the BSTm of males and females during the second half of embryonic development. These cells undergo a profound and irreversible sexual differentiation during ontogenetic development. Recent findings demonstrate a dual role of estrogens in the organization and activation of sex differences in the AVT system. During the embryonic period of ontogeny, estrogens differentiate the AVT system in a sexually dimorphic manner in parallel with the differentiation of sexual behavior, while in adulthood estrogens, locally produced from testosterone in the male brain, activate AVT synthesis in the BSTm. The sexually dimorphic part of the AVT system is sensitive to a number of abiotic factors such as light, temperature, and water availability. It is suggested that sex dimorphic vasotocinergic systems could be implicated in processes of social recognition in various behavioral contexts. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:27–36, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antennal multiporous sensilla: Their gustatory features for host recognition in female parasitic wasps (insecta, Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea)
Authors: Isidoro Nunzio , Romani Roberto , Bin Ferdinando 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn parasitic wasps, various kinds of antennal plates have been interpreted as olfactory organs due to the presence of numerous pores. However, on the basis of ultrastructural investigations, some of these multiporous plates were revealed as being release sites of exocrine glands while others were postulated to have a gustatory function. Such sensilla, present only on female antennae, show unique features, found exclusively in Platygastroidea, with some differences between Scelionidae and Platygastridae. The cuticular apparatus consists of a short basiconic shaft with an apical multiporous area, the pores of which are covered by movable structures. The cellular components are made up of a remarkable number of sensory neurons, from 200 to 220, and an undefined number of sheath cells. These multiporous sensilla have tubular accessory glands that release their secretion through the socket sensillum only in scelionids. These morphological characters, combined with behavioral observations, strongly suggest a gustatory function, although electrophysiological studies are still needed to confirm this. A new terminology for antennal multiporous plates is discussed in relation to their different functions. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:350–358, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of goldfish testicular testosterone production in vitro by tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, and macrophage conditioned media
Authors: Lister Andrea , Van Der Kraak Glen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relevance of immune‐endocrine interactions to the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis in teleosts is virtually unexplored. The objectives of the present study were: 1) to investigate the effects of murine cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophage conditioned media (MCM) on testosterone (T) production by goldfish (Carassius auratus) testis pieces in vitro; and 2) to identify the site(s) of the inhibitory action of TNFα on hCG‐stimulated T formation. TNFα (0–100 ng/ml) affected basal T production differentially depending on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) value of the fish. TNFα stimulated basal T of fish with a relatively low GSI (average 1.99), but inhibited T production by testis of fish with a higher GSI (average 5.14). The remaining studies used fish with only high GSI values. IL‐1β (0–10 ng/ml) inhibited basal T production, while MCM (0–25% v/v) had no effect. The cytokines significantly inhibited hCG‐stimulated T production at all doses tested, whereas MCM was inhibitory only at the lower doses of 2.5–5% v/v. TNFα did not affect basal or hCG‐stimulated cAMP levels, but did inhibit forskolin (0.5 μM; adenylate cyclase activator) and 8‐bromo‐cAMP (0.15 mM; cAMP analog) stimulated T levels. The inhibitory actions of TNFα on T production were greatly reduced by treatment of testis with 25‐hydroxycholesterol (1 and 10 μg/ml), pregnenolone (50 and 100 ng/ml), and 17α‐hydroxypregesterone (50 ng/ml). TNFα caused a moderate decrease in pregnenolone (100 ng/ml)‐stimulated T production. Together, these data demonstrate that regulatory actions of TNFα may occur at multiple sites within the steroid biosynthetic pathway, but the major effect appears to be related to cholesterol availability in the mitochondria. In conclusion, the results of this study implicate macrophage‐derived factors in the regulation of teleost testicular androgen biosynthesis. J. Exp. Zool. 292:477–486, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compaction in preimplantation mouse embryos is regulated by a cytoplasmic regulatory factor that alters between 1‐ and 2‐cell stages in a concentration‐dependent manner
Authors: Lee Dong Ryul , Lee Jeoung Eun , Yoon Hyun Soo , Roh Sung Il , Kim Moon Kyoo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPresent studies were performed to investigate what factors affect the morphogenesis of preimplantation mouse embryos, and to find the action mechanism of that factor by using cytoplasm removal and its reconstitution from a different developmental stage embryo. Half (HP group) or one‐third of cytoplasm (TP group) was removed from 1‐cell mouse embryos by micromanipulation, and their morphogenesis and genome expression were compared with sham‐operated embryos (SP group). The compaction and blastocoel formation of embryos in both the HP and TP groups were accelerated in time and cell stage when compared with those of the SP group. However, the total activity and time of RNA synthesis, and gene expression of ZO‐1α+ isoform were not different. To change the cytoplasm composition without altering the nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio, half a 1‐cell embryo with both pronuclei was reconstituted with the half enucleated cytoplasm of 1‐cell embryo (P + P group), 2‐cell (P + 2 group) or 4‐cell (P + 4 group) by electrofusion. Embryonic compaction, timing of RNA synthesis, and stage‐specific gene expression of the ZO‐1α+ isoform in the P + 2 and P + 4 groups were accelerated in time and cell stage than that in the P + P group, but not different between the P + 2 and P + 4 groups. In addition, a blastomere of 2‐cell embryo was reconstituted with the enucleated cytoplasm of 1‐cell embryo (2 + P group) or 2‐cell (2 + 2 group) in equal volume by electrofusion. Also, the karyoplast of 2‐cell was fused with the enucleated 1‐cell embryo (2 + PP group). Embryonic development, total activity of RNA synthesis, and gene expression of the ZO‐1α+ isoform of embryos in the 2 + P and 2 + PP groups were delayed when compared with those of the 2 + 2 group. Also, the phenomena of compaction and blastocoel formation were delayed in the development time and cell stage. From these results, the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio was found to have no direct effect on the regulation of embryonic morphogenesis, although it accelerated compaction and blastocoel formation. However, cytoplasmic factors that altered between 1‐ and 2‐cell stages regulate embryonic morphogenesis, especially compaction, of preimplantation mouse embryos in concentration‐dependent manner. J. Exp. Zool. 290:61–71, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limb and tail lengths in relation to substrate usage inTropiduruslizards
Authors: Kohlsdorf Tiana , Garland Jr. Theodore , Navas Carlos A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA close relationship between morphology and habitat is well documented for anoline lizards. To test the generality of this relationship in lizards, snout‐vent, tail, and limb lengths of 18 species ofTropidurus(Tropiduridae) were measured and comparisons made between body proportions and substrate usage. Phylogenetic analysis of covariance by computer simulation suggests that the three species inhabiting sandy soils have relatively longer feet than do other species. Phylogenetic ANCOVA also demonstrates that the three species inhabiting tree canopies and locomoting on small branches have short tails and hind limbs. These three species constitute a single subclade within the overallTropidurusphylogeny and analyses with independent contrasts indicate that divergence in relative tail and hind limb length has been rapid since they split from their sister clade. Being restricted to a single subclade, the difference in body proportions could logically be interpreted as either an adaptation to the clade's lifestyle or simply a nonadaptive synapomorphy for this lineage. Nevertheless, previous comparative studies of another clade of lizards (Anolis) as well as experimental studies ofSceloporuslizards sprinting on rods of different diameters support the adaptive interpretation. J. Morphol. 248:151–164, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of segments and appendages in embryos of the desert scorpion Paruroctonus mesaensis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)
Authors: Farley Roger D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe scanning electron microscope was used to study the changing features of scorpion embryos from the blastula through early stages in the development of appendages. The earliest scorpion fossils (Silurian period) have structures more advanced than the embryos herein, so the possibility is considered that these embryos still retain and display some features indicative of evolutionary patterns in adult pre‐Silurian ancestors. The blastodisc stage is followed by a knob‐like germinal center that gives rise to most of the embryo body. The germinal center elongates on the ventral surface of the spherical yolk mass. The broad cephalic lobe is first delineated from the following pedipalpal segment. The limbbuds for the pedipalps and anterior walking legs appear, as additional segments are added at a growth zone at the rear of the embryo body. Initially, in the cephalic lobe there are no limbbuds; then the cheliceral buds emerge from the posterior part of the lobe. The stomodeum appears first in the anterior half of the cephalic lobe, but an oral groove forms and the mouth is displaced posteriorly within the groove. This repositioning allows space anteriorly for invagination (semilunar grooves) of epithelium for the brain and medial eyes. The mouth is directed ventrally in all stages of this study. The widespread chelicerae are initially posterior to the mouth, but later move anterior and dorsal to it. Small limbbud bulges on mesosomal segments disappear later and never become protruding appendages. Metasomal segments are produced free from the yolk surface in a ventral flexure beneath the embryo body. The telson starts as two spherical lobes, but later elongates and tapers distally, not yet developing the sharp sting (aculeus) seen in Silurian and all subsequent scorpions. The walking legs are digitigrade, as in most fossil aquatic scorpions. Segments are delineated in the appendages; the chelicerae and pedipalps are divided distally for chela (claw) formation. Bilateral swellings (limbbuds) on the third abdominal segment become larger than the others, indicating the site of pectine formation. The early fin‐like pectines are somewhat posterior in the mesosoma, suggesting ancestral swimming, maneuvering, and balancing for the elongate abdomen. The pectinal surface is initially smooth but later transverse striations increase the surface area as a possible respiratory adaptation. Pectinal teeth (present in Silurian and all subsequent scorpions) and foward movement and merging of anterior abdominal segments are not yet evident in embryos of this study. J. Morphol. 250:70–88, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New vascular system in reptiles: Anatomy and postural hemodynamics of the vertebral venous plexus in snakes
Authors: Zippel Kevin C. , Lillywhite Harvey B. , Mladinich Christopher R.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing corrosion casting, we demonstrate and describe a new vascular system—the vertebral venous plexus—in eight snake species representing three families. The plexus consists of a network of spinal veins coursing within and around the vertebral column and was previously documented only in mammals. The spinal veins of snakes originate anteriorly from the posterior cerebral veins and form a lozenge‐shaped plexus that extends to the tip of the tail. Numerous anastomoses connect the plexus with the caval and portal veins along the length of the vertebral column. We also reveal a posture‐induced differential flow between the plexus and the jugular veins in two snake species with arboreal proclivities. When these snakes are horizontal, the jugulars are observed fluoroscopically to be the primary route for cephalic drainage and the plexus is inactive. However, head‐up tilting induces partial jugular collapse and shunting of cephalic efflux into the plexus. This postural discrepancy is caused by structural differences in the two venous systems. The compliant jugular veins are incapable of sustaining the negative intraluminal pressures induced by upright posture. The plexus, however, with the structural support of the surrounding bone, remains patent and provides a lowhyphen;pressure route for venous return. Interactions with the cerebrospinal fluid both allow and enhance the role of the plexus, driving perfusion and compensating for a posture‐induced drop in arterial pressure. The vertebral venous plexus is thus an important and overlooked element in the maintenance of cerebral blood supply in climbing snakes and other upright animals. J. Morphol. 250:173–184, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.