bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic landscape and actionable mutations of brain metastases derived from non–small cell lung cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Andrews Lily J , Thornton Zak A , Saleh Ruqiya , Dawson Sarah , Short Susan C , Daly Richard , Higgins Julian P T , Davies Philippa , Kurian Kathreena M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Brain metastases derived from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represent a significant clinical problem. We aim to characterize the genomic landscape of brain metastases derived from NSCLC and assess clinical actionability.

Methods
We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and BIOSIS from inception to 18/19 May 2022. We extracted information on patient demographics, smoking status, genomic data, matched primary NSCLC, and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression.

Results
We found 72 included papers and data on 2346 patients. The most frequently mutated genes from our data were EGFR (n = 559), TP53 (n = 331), KRAS (n = 328), CDKN2A (n = 97), and STK11 (n = 72). Common missense mutations included EGFR L858R (n = 80) and KRAS G12C (n = 17). Brain metastases of ever versus never smokers had differing missense mutations in TP53 and EGFR, except for L858R and T790M in EGFR, which were seen in both subgroups. Of the top 10 frequently mutated genes that had primary NSCLC data, we found 37% of the specific mutations assessed to be discordant between the primary NSCLC and brain metastases.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to describe the genomic landscape of brain metastases derived from NSCLC. These results provide a comprehensive outline of frequently mutated genes and missense mutations that could be clinically actionable. These data also provide evidence of differing genomic landscapes between ever versus never smokers and primary NSCLC compared to the BM. This information could have important consequences for the selection and development of targeted drugs for these patients.
Augustinianism in Renaissance Thought
Authors: Urlings Sam 
Published: November 2023

It is hard to overestimate the enduring impact that St. Augustine of Hippo (b. 354–d. 430) has exerted on the development of Western thought, from its most personal expressions to its broadly cultural reflections. Theology, philosophy, literature, visual arts, even politics—all were pervasively influenced by the Church Father’s thought and its reverberations through the ages. Situated at the crossroads of two hard-to-define descriptors, Renaissance Augustinianism (not to be confused with Heiko A. Oberman’s anti-Pelagian “Augustinian Renaissance”) in essence, but not unambiguously, refers to the reception and development of that thought in Europe from around the mid-14th to the mid-17th century. Such a broad definition naturally invites scrutiny—“Augustinianism” in se is an imprecise term that brings to mind a range of (sometimes conflicting) meanings—but, fundamentally, this entry concerns the ways in which Augustine was reappropriated and reconstructed in the transition to early modernity. The result is multifaceted by its nature: the bishop’s prolific output on a plethora of topics led to an equally diverse readership, from the early Italian humanists to the followers of John Calvin. A “late-classical” author in the eyes of many, Augustine, too, was the object of the ad fontes attitude thought of as characteristic of the Renaissance; and as many of his more neglected works were rediscovered, he proved a singular authority that was thought to embody the harmonization of antiquity with Christianity. The variety of interpretations—and opposition from certain circles—notwithstanding, the Church Father’s doctrines of trinitarianism, original sin, illumination, and the nature of the soul and of knowledge were widely prevalent; as was his conception of the City of God opposite to the city of man. In many ways, the friars that belonged to the mendicant Ordo Eremitarum Sancti Augustini (OESA) laid the foundation for this widespread awareness of his writings. No wonder that many scholars consider the Renaissance to constitute a “rebirth” of Augustine—and of Augustinianism—as well. For a general overview of patristics in the Renaissance, see the separate Oxford Bibliographies in Renaissance and Reformation article “The Church Fathers in Renaissance and Reformation Thought.”
Christine de Pizan
Authors: Smith Geri 
Published: November 2023

Christine de Pizan (b. c. 1364–d. c. 1431) was one of the most prolific and impactful writers of the late Middle Ages, an early humanist and a rare female voice among the French literati of her day. Both of those distinctions give her a special standing in the evolution of French literature and thought. While the French Renaissance is generally aligned with the 16th century, consideration of intellectual history requires a broader scope. For Christine, that means reaching back to the Italian Renaissance of the 14th century and the body of humanist literature that would form the foundation of Christine’s own work. Having been born in Venice, Christine’s connection with Italy stems from her earliest days. She relocated to Paris at about the age of four to join her father Thomas, a doctor and astrologer in the employ of King Charles V. Raised in the milieu of the court, with access to a library of one of Europe’s largest collections of classical works translated into French, she was able to cultivate her bookish tendencies and a store of knowledge that would sustain her throughout her life. When she was widowed at twenty-five and faced with forging a life for herself and her family, she turned to writing to assuage her grief and earn a living. While her early works largely comprise poetry about love, she would go on to write increasingly in prose and on wider-ranging topics including politics, philosophy, and the art of warfare. Her involvement in the 1401–1402 public literary debate surrounding the Romance of the Rose marked a turning point in her reputation as a writer and intellectual and made her a central figure in the broader querelle des femmes (“debate about women”) that would carry on for centuries. She was also a publisher, overseeing and participating in the production of her manuscripts. She was known early on to an international audience, and her works continued to be printed and disseminated for approximately two centuries following her death. The influence of her writing would ripple through to the early 17th century, informing the English Renaissance as well, until Christine’s work would fall into relative obscurity along with most of medieval literature. Her “rediscovery” dates to the late 19th century and surged in the 1980s, igniting momentum that continues today. See also the separate Oxford Bibliographies in Renaissance and Reformation articles “Women and Learning”; “Women Writing in French”; and the subsections “Renaissance and Humanism” and “Renaissance and Women” under The Renaissance.
Sarah Wentworth Morton
Authors: Harvey Tamara 
Published: November 2023

Sarah Wentworth Morton (b. 1759–d. 1846) was born in Boston, Massachusetts to James Apthorp and Sarah Wentworth. She was well known as a poet of the early US republic, publishing in periodicals like The Massachusetts Magazine and self-publishing three long history poems during the 1790s. Both the Apthorps and Wentworths were prominent merchants with ties to the slave trade. Morton’s family had Tory leanings during the American Revolution, while Morton had Patriot sympathies, as did her husband, Perez Morton, a Revolutionary leader who pursued a successful career in law and politics. Her marriage to Perez was marked by a notorious scandal—his affair with Sarah’s sister, Frances, who committed suicide after giving birth to their child. This scandal has shaped critical approaches to Morton’s work, most significantly when she was misidentified during the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth as the author of The Power of Sympathy, a seduction novel by William Hill Brown that treated both her family scandal and the death of Elizabeth Whitman, which later inspired Hannah Webster Foster’s The Coquette. Especially during the 1790s, Morton’s poetry was self-consciously that of the new republic, focusing on American topics framed by classical and world-historical exempla. Her three long poems are particularly ambitious in this regard, with Beacon Hill and The Virtues of Society focusing on battles of the American Revolution in epic terms that highlight US geography and political organization, while Ouâbi represents American vigor and virtue through the heroic sacrifice of a Native American chief. Morton’s shorter abolitionist poem, “The African Chief,” also focuses on the tragic death of a heroic leader. Morton’s contributions to an emerging American imaginary are inseparable from changing opportunities for women writers and the rise of periodical publication during this period, much of it sustained by the works of women writers, including Judith Sargent Murray and Mercy Otis Warren, whom Morton mentions in her works. In 1823, Morton published My Mind and Its Thoughts in Sketches, Fragments, and Essays, a collection of poems, aphoristic reflections, and short essays that demonstrates her ongoing literary ambitions as well as her mature reflections on a life marked by loss and personal challenges. Morton’s life and work shed light on efforts to develop a literary culture to match the political and social aspirations of a new nation as well as opportunities and limitations shaping women’s writing during the early US republic. The author wishes to thank Audrey Morales for her assistance on this project.
Current and future advances in practice: mechanical foot pain
Authors: Halstead Jill , Munteanu Shannon E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mechanical foot pain affects ∽20% of the UK population &gt;50 years of age, with ∼10% reporting disabling pain that impacts daily activities. For most people, foot pain improves over time, but for some this can become chronic and disabling, affecting physical activity, participation, mental health and work capacity. Mechanical foot pain can present as localized pain, but more often the pain presents in multiple structures. Traditional treatments for mechanical foot pain are largely based on self-management that includes pain control, reassurance of healing trajectory, and activity or footwear modifications. Randomized controlled trials support the short-term use of exercise and foot orthoses for some foot conditions; however, accessibility can be limited by regional variations in procurement compounded by a lack of long-term trials. The roles of weight loss and strengthening of the foot and leg muscles offer new avenues to explore.
Cancer worry at higher-risk sample of hereditary cancer in Spain
Authors: Costa-Requena Gema , Richart-Aznar Paula , Segura-Huerta Ángel 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Few studies have examined the prevalence of cancer worry in the general and at-risk population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of cancer worry in a sample of individuals at increased risk of developing hereditary cancer, determine differences in cancer worry by socio-demographic characteristics and assess the relationship between cancer worry and psychological distress.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was designed with 895 patients. The Cancer Worry Scale (CWS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for psychological distress and sociodemographic characteristics were examined. The multiple linear regression model was developed to explore what variables were predicted for cancer worry. To identify variables associated with higher cancer worry scores, a logistic model was fitted.

Results
In the at-higher-risk sample of hereditary cancer, the mean of CWS was 10.20 (SD: 3.70). The significant predictors for cancer worry were gender, age, previous psychiatric treatment, patients affected by cancer and having children. In the sample, 38% of patients had higher scores on cancer worry, the variables associated were patients affected by cancer compared, women, widow/divorced participants, less than secondary school, patients with previous psychiatric treatment and patients less than 55 years old. Using the HADS cutoff score 29% of the sample showed significant psychological distress, more anxiety (35%) than depressive (22%) symptomatology. Psychological distress showed a higher variability (36%) on cancer worry.

Conclusion
Findings highlighted distinctive profiles in socio-demographic characteristics according to the degree of cancer worry; therefore, genetic counseling should continue to be provided to address cancer worry and relieve psychological distress.
Updated disease distributions, risk factors, and trends of laryngeal cancer: A global analysis of cancer registries
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Sze Chai , Ko Samantha , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Lin Xu , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi-Jie , Elcarte Edmar , Withers Mellissa , Wong Martin CS 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Though the laryngeal cancer only has 1% of the total cancer cases and related deaths, it is a type of head and neck cancers with the highest prevalence. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological trend of laryngeal cancer with updated data on the global distribution of the disease burden.

Materials and Methods:
The incidence and mortality rate of laryngeal cancer was extracted from GLOBOCAN (2020), Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series I-X, WHO mortality database, the Nordic Cancer Registries, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. The Global Health data exchanges for the prevalence of its associated risk factors. A Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC).

Results:
The age-standardised rate (ASR) of laryngeal cancer incidence and mortality were 2.0 and 1.0 per 100,000 worldwide. The Caribbean (ASR = 4.0) and Central and Eastern Europe (ASR = 3.6) had the highest incidence and mortality rate. Incidence and risk factors associated with laryngeal cancer included tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, poor diet, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and lipid disorders. There was an overall decreasing trend in incidence, especially for males, but an increasing incidence was observed in female populations and younger subjects.

Conclusions:
As overall global trends of laryngeal cancer have been decreasing, especially for the male population, this could possibly be attributed to reduced tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Decrease in mortality may be due to improved diagnostic methods and accessibility to treatment, yet disparity in trend remains potentially because of differences in the level of access to surgical care. Disparities in temporal trends across countries may require further research and exploration to determine other underlying factors influencing this.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes of selective arterial clipping guided by near-infrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green versus undergoing standard robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhou Junjie , Shuai Hui , Xu Qian , Tan Ying , Luo Jia , Xu Pengjun , Duan Xi , Mao Xiaorong , Wang Shanshan , Wu Tao 
Published: November 2023

Background:
This study employs a meta-analytic approach to investigate the impact of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy, with and without near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF-RAPN vs S-RAPN), on patients’ perioperative outcomes and postoperative changes in renal function.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive and rigorous systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis of primary outcomes following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), AMSTAR (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews) Guidelines, and Risk-of-Bias Tool (RoB2). To ensure a thorough search, we systematically searched five major databases, including Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, from databases’ inception to April 2023.

Results:
No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age (P=0.19), right side (P=0.54), BMI (P=0.39), complexity score (P=0.89), tumor size (P = 0.88), operating time (P = 0.39), estimated blood loss (P = 0.47), length of stay (P = 0.87), complications (P = 0.20), transfusion (P = 0.36), and positive margins (P = 0.38). However, it is noteworthy that the NIRF-RAPN group exhibited significant reductions in warm ischemia time (P=0.001), the percentage change in estimated glomerular filtration rate at discharge (P=0.01) compared to the S-RAPN group.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis provides evidence that the group undergoing NIRF-RAPN showed a statistically significant protective effect on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Automated office blood pressure measurement with the assistance of an instructional video in patients with hypertension
Authors: Toba Ayumi , Ishikawa Joji , Harada Kazumasa 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Automated office blood pressure (AOBP) measurement often requires assistance. Accompanied by an instructional video, AOBP measurement could be performed independently by patients.

Design and methods
Seventy-five patients with hypertension were enrolled. AOBP was measured three times at 1-min intervals after 5 min of rest by an automated BP measurement device with the assistance of an animated instructional video. The video was designed originally to instruct patients on the way to measure BP appropriately. Perceived stress was evaluated using a questionnaire after the AOBP measurement. Office BP was measured three times using the same device. Home BP measurement was performed on 5 consecutive days.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 74.5 ± 10.6 years, and 96% were taking antihypertensive drugs. Mean AOBP, office BP and home BP measurements were 135.2 ± 17.2/81.3 ± 11.1, 139.3 ± 16.3/78.6 ± 10.9 and 129.2 ± 16.7/72.7 ± 8.9 mmHg, respectively. Regarding SBP, the mean AOBP was significantly lower than office BP (P = 0.005) and higher than home BP (P = 0.004). The differences in SBP and DBP between AOBP and home BP measurements were significantly related to patients’ perceived stress when performing AOBP measurements (r = 0.289; P = 0.013 and r = 0.328; P = 0.004). In a multivariate analysis, patients’ perceived stress was a significant predictor of the difference between AOBP and home BP (P = 0.013), even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and mean of AOBP and home BP.

Conclusion
AOBP values measured with the assistance of an instructional video were between conventional office and home BP measurements. Perceived stress during AOBP measurement was related to the difference in AOBP from home BP.
Where do we stand with immunotherapy for nonmelanoma skin cancers in the curative setting?
Authors: Alberti Andrea , Gurizzan Cristina , Baggi Alice , Bossi Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that encompasses among the principal histologies basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Given the fact that high tumor mutational burden due to ultraviolet mutagenesis represents a common hallmark of NMSCs, immunotherapy has proved to be a promising therapeutic approach in recent years. The aim of this review is to shed light on immunotherapy applications in NMSCs in the curative setting.

Recent findings
Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent the first-line treatment of choice for advanced cSCC and MCC, while in second line for BCC. Given this success, more and more trials are evaluating the use of immune checkpoint blockade in neoadjuvant setting for NMSCs. Clinical trials are still ongoing, with the most mature data being found in cSCC. Also, translational studies have identified promising biomarkers of response.

Summary
Locoregional treatments of NMSCs can have non negligible functional and cosmetic impacts on patients, affecting their quality of life. As immunogenic diseases, neoadjuvant immunotherapy represents a promising treatment that could change the therapeutic path of these patients. Upcoming results from clinical trials will address these crucial issues.
A Comprehensive Study of Heterogeneous Mismatch Repair Expression in Solid Tumors Reveals Different Immunohistochemical Patterns and Distinct Genetic Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Zijuan , Cai Yumeng , Lu Junliang , Zhang Hui , Pang Junyi , Wu Huanwen , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2023

Objective:Immunohistochemistry is routinely performed to detect mismatch repair deficiency in solid tumors. Heterogeneous MMR expression (MMR-het) has been reported occasionally but not systemically studied.Methods:In this study, we depicted MMR-het patterns of 40 tumors of different anatomical sites and analyzed MMR genetic alterations and tumor mutational burdens (TMB) through comprehensive genomic profiling.Results:The MMR-het patterns were classified into 4 subgroups: “single-loss” (3 cases), “MLH1/PMS2 double-loss” (16 cases), “MSH2/MSH6 double-loss” (8 cases), and “triple/tetra-loss” (13 cases). Seventeen MMR-het cases exhibited histological heterogeneity, in which MMR protein loss was generally confined to either poorly differentiated or well-differentiated tumor areas. All “single-loss” tumors had MMR somatic mutations and coexistingPOLEexonuclease domain mutations. “MLH1/PMS2 double-loss” tumors unexceptionally harboredMLH1hypermethylation without MMR germline mutations. In the “MSH2/MSH6 double-loss” subgroup, 4 cases hadMSH2/MSH6germline mutations, while another 4 cases had multipleMSH2/MSH6somatic mutations. AdditionalPOLEexonuclease domain mutations were identified in 2 cases. Tumors in the “triple/tetra-loss” subgroup generally hadMLH1abnormalities (8MLH1hypermethylation, 4MLH1germline mutation, 1MLH1double somatic mutations), and coexistent somatic mutations onMSH2/MSH6. Thirty-one cases (83.8%) were TMB-H, and allPOLE-mutated cases exhibited ultra-high TMB (111.4 to 524.2 mut/Mb).Conclusion:Our findings highlighted the importance of accurately interpreting heterogeneous MMR protein staining patterns for developing a more efficient personalized genetic investigation strategy.
Initial experiences withMycobacterium tuberculosisDNA extraction for downstream Deeplex Myc-TB targeted deep sequencing in a high burden setting
Authors: Limberis Jason D , Nalyvayko Alina , Steyn Janré , Williams Jennifer , Grobbelaar Melanie , Warren Robin M , Metcalfe John Z 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe propensity forM. tuberculosisto develop resistance and the lack of clinical tools for the rapid determination of such resistance has long significantly complicated tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) has improved our understanding of the genetic basis and identification of drug-resistant TB. However, to achieve accurate results reliable enough for clinical implementation, high-qualityM. tuberculosisDNA must be extracted from patient-derived samples within high burden routine laboratory workflows. In advance of a large cluster RCT in the Western Cape of South Africa evaluating the Deeplex Myc-TB targeted NGS assay (GenoScreen; Lille, France), we sought to compare DNA extraction methods for both early MGIT culture-positive samples and processed patient sputum. Given the lack of reference standard method, we assessed a representative set of DNA extraction protocols, including the GenoScreen-recommended method, in parallel in South Africa and at UC San Francisco. Our findings provide preliminary insights into an optimal DNA extraction method for the utilization of Deeplex Myc-TB in routine laboratory settings and can inform future experiments evaluating newer generation assays.