bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short repetition time diffusion-weighted imaging improves visualization of prostate cancer
Authors: Higaki Atsushi , Tamada Tsutomu , Kido Ayumu , Takeuchi Mitsuru , Ono Kentaro , Miyaji Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Koji , Sanai Hiroyasu , Moriya Kazunori , Yamamoto Akira 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to assess whether short repetition time (TR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) could improve diffusion contrast in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) compared with long TR (conventional) reference standard DWI.

Materials and methods
Our Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and waived the need for informed consent. Twenty-five patients with suspected PCa underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) using a 3.0-T system. DWI was performed with TR of 1850 ms (short) and 6000 ms (long) with b-values of 0, 1000, and 2000s/mm2. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), visual score, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and diagnostic performance were compared between short and long TR DWI for both b-values. The statistical tests included paired t-test for SNR and CNR; Wilcoxon signed-rank test for VA; Pearson's correlation and Bland–Altman plot analysis for ADC; and McNemar test and receiver operating characteristic analysis and Delong test for diagnostic performance.

Results
Regarding b1000, CNR and visual score were significantly higher in short TR compared with long TR (P = .003 and P = .002, respectively), without significant difference in SNR (P = .21). Considering b2000, there was no significant difference in visual score between short and long TR (P = .07). However, SNR and CNR in long TR were higher (P = .01 and P = .04, respectively). ADC showed significant correlations, without apparent bias for ADC between short and long TR for both b-values. For diagnostic performance of DWI between short and long TR for both b-values, one out of five readers noted a significant difference, with the short TR for both b-values demonstrating superior performance.

Conclusions
Our data showed that the short TR DWI1000 may provide better image quality than did the long TR DWI1000 and may improve visualization and diagnostic performance of PCa for readers.
Estimation reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) using artificial intelligence model in an arid climate with external data
Authors: Bidabadi Mohaddeseh , Babazadeh Hossein , Shiri Jalal , Saremi Ali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater resource management and crop growth control require the calculation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), but meteorological data can often be incomplete, necessitating models with minimal inputs. This study was conducted in Iran’s arid synoptic stations of Sirjan and Kerman, where data scarcity is severe. Penman–Monteith FAO-56 was selected as the target data for modeling artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy neural adaptive inference system (ANFIS), and ANN-gray wolf optimization (ANN-GWO). The performance of these models was evaluated using an input dataset consisting of the current station’s minimum and maximum temperatures, ET0, and the wind speed of the nearby station (external data) in three different combinations. The models’ accuracy was assessed using two widely used criteria: root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2), as well as the empirical Hargreaves equation. In the absence of climatic data, the ANFIS, ANN, and ANN-GWO methods using minimum and maximum temperatures, which are relatively easier to estimate, outperformed the empirical Hargreaves equation method in both stations. The results demonstrate that the ANFIS method performed better than ANN and ANN-GWO in all three input combinations. All three methods showed improvement when external data (wind speed and ET0 of the adjacent station) were used. Ultimately, the ANFIS method using minimum and maximum temperatures and the adjacent station’s ET0 in Kerman and Sirjan yielded the best results, with an RMSE of 0.33 and 0.36, respectively.
Economic evaluation for anoxic biological system integrated with external membrane for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
Authors: Al Bazedi Ghada , Abdallah Heba , Ali Sahar S. , Shalaby Marwa , Sabry Rania M. , Ali Hanaa M. , Gadallah Hanaa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe integrated system of biological treatment (anoxic /activated sludge ) and ultrafiltration membrane economic study was investigated. The biological treatment results indicate that the performance of pharmaceutical industrial wastewater treatment using activated sludge with an anoxic zone was enhanced by increasing the ability of the pre-acclimatized activated sludge to degrade organic compounds in the industrial wastewater. The residues compounds from biologically treated water were treated by UF membrane and gave a separation efficiency of 99.4%. The results indicate that using the (anoxic /activated sludge) biological treatment step as a pretreatment step before the membrane can provide high-efficiency removal of the contamination of all drug compounds in the wastewater. An economic evaluation of the system was investigated and the calculations indicate that the unit capital cost of the estimated system per cubic meter was 1.27 $/m3, which was lower than the estimated traditional cost.
On the Filippov-Ważewski relaxation theorem for a certain class of fractional differential inclusions
Authors: Sadowski Jacek 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this text is to propose an attempt of an extension of the Filippov-Ważewski Relaxation Theorem for a certain class of fractional differential inclusions. The classical result devoted to ordinary differential inclusions is a part of the qualitative theory: a description of the relationship between the solutions to the differential inclusion and the convexified differential inclusion was given. There exist several generalizations of that result and in this note a method is proposed so that the range of some parameters is extended. An example of a possible application may arise in control theory and the question is whether it is possible to have the same reachable set economizing the set of controls.
Influence of agriculture on surface water quality in three lentic environments in a conservation unit of Brazil
Authors: de Jesus Santos M. J. , de Paula Laranja R. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of agricultural inputs (AIs) without technical criteria can affect the quality of water sources and impact the biota present in these environments. This research sought to verify whether there was contamination in the surface water bodies of three lentic environments in a fully protected conservation unit in Brazil, called Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas (ESECAE), originating from agricultural activity near its perimeter. The ESECAE is the source of water bodies that flow into important hydrographic basins in Brazil and South America. Water quality parameters (WQPs) related to the use of AIs were selected and evaluated to assess compliance with regulatory provisions regarding the priority use of water at the study site. The analysis of the results revealed that in some situations, these parameters exceeded the normative limit in some samples and that, in general, the transport of contaminants originating from rainfall occurred. Total phosphorus (TP) values were high, exceeding regulatory concentration limits in multiple analyses. Consequently, eutrophication processes were verified in these environments. The eutrophic environments favored the proliferation of aquatic macrophytes, such as the invasive species Hyparrhenia rufa. TP concentrations increased during the dry season in these environments. In this context, a process related to the dynamics of phosphorus in aquatic lentic environments under certain conditions was observed. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of monitoring WQPs in different periods to better assess water quality and to understand contaminant dynamics.
Rationalization of Ring Fragmentation Data via Simple Kinetic Energy Analysis
Authors: Robson J. D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe available data on fragmentation of alloy rings at high strain rate has been reviewed and analysed with reference to a classical statistical and energetic model. The data have also been compared to a simple calculation based on the specific kinetic energy of the ring. It is shown that fragmentation data for alloys with over a 20 times difference in strength and 7 times difference in density scatter around a single curve when plotted as a function of specific kinetic energy over a wide range of strain rates. A fit to this curve therefore provides an approximate estimate of the expected fragment number for any ductile metal without requiring any detailed knowledge about the constitutive behaviour or defect population. This fit is better than a prediction based on the classical statistical model, and similar to that for the energetic model, which also requires a knowledge of the fragmentation fracture energy. The observation that specific kinetic energy alone can explain much of the difference observed between alloys suggest that the energy in the system is more important that details of the alloy microstructure or properties in controlling the number of fragments for a material that fails by ductile fracture. The fit does not work for a case where one alloy was heat treated to a condition where brittle failure occurred.
The Influence of Boron (B), Tin (Sn), Copper (Cu), and Manganese (Mn) on the Microstructure of Spheroidal Graphite Irons
Authors: Bugten A. V. , Sanders P. , Hartung C. , Logan R. , Di Sabatino M. , Michels L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost spheroidal graphite irons (SGIs) have a matrix consisting of ferrite, pearlite, or a mix of the two. To achieve the desired matrix composition, pearlite promoters such as Mn, Cu, or Sn, are added to the molten metal. Among these elements, Sn is the most potent pearlite promoter. However, each has a different impact on the solidification, graphite precipitation, eutectoid transformation, and ultimately the final structure of the material. Research has shown that B promotes ferrite in fully pearlitic grades where Cu and Mn were used to promote pearlite. The present work investigates the effect of B in SGI with additions of Sn, Cu, and Mn, and the effects of varying amounts of the different pearlite promoters on the matrix composition. The results show that Mn alone at levels of approximately 0.9 wt% is not enough to promote a fully pearlitic matrix, while 0.5 wt% Cu combined with 0.67 wt% Mn is sufficient. Likewise, a fully pearlitic microstructure can be obtained by alloying with 0.06 wt% Sn and 0.67 wt% Mn. B was found to promote ferrite in fully pearlitic SGI alloyed with Sn or Cu. However, in the absence of those elements, B promoted pearlite when alloyed with just Mn. Graphite protrusions were observed on the graphite nodule surface only for B-added alloys with Sn and Cu. In these cases, it is believed B promotes ferrite by changing the growth mechanism of graphite after solidification from spherical to lamellar. However, a different graphite morphology is observed when B is added with just Mn. Thermal analysis data is in agreement with the microstructural observations regarding the ferrite promoting effect of B.
Automorphic products that are singular modulo primes
Authors: Wang Haowu , Williams Brandon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe use Rankin–Cohen brackets on $$\textrm{O}(n, 2)$$

O
(
n
,
2
)

to prove that the Fourier coefficients of reflective Borcherds products often satisfy congruences modulo certain primes.
Diabetes mellitus increases risk of adverse drug reactions and death in hospitalised older people: the SENATOR trial
Authors: Chinmayee Anagha , Subbarayan Selvarani , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Cherubini Antonio , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J. , Petrovic Mirko , Gudmundsson Adalsteinn , Byrne Stephen , O’Mahony Denis , Soiza Roy L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in older people. Older people with diabetes mellitus may be at especially high risk of ADRs but this risk has not been well studied. This study aimed to compare severity and type of ADRs in hospitalised, multimorbid older people with and without diabetes and secondly to assess the impact of ADRs on mortality, rehospitalisation and length of stay.

Methods
Participants in the SENATOR (Software Engine for the Assessment and optimization of drug and non-drug Therapy in Older peRsons) trial were assessed for 12 common and ‘other’ prevalent and incident adverse drug reactions using a blinded end-point adjudication process. Descriptive analyses, logistic regression and mediation analyses were undertaken.

Results
Of 1537 people in the SENATOR trial, 540 (35.1%) had diabetes mellitus (mean age 77.4 ± 7.3 years, 58.5% male). In the total population, 773 prevalent and 828 incident ADRs were reported. Both prevalent and incident symptomatic hypoglycaemia and incident acute kidney injury (AKI) were significantly more common in people with diabetes (p < 0.05). Patients with diabetes had higher all-cause mortality at 12 weeks than those without (9.1% vs 6.3%, p = 0.04). Mediation analysis revealed that mortality was significantly higher (OR = 1.43, Sobel test p = 0.048) in people with diabetes and ADRs causing AKI.

Conclusions
Older multimorbid people with diabetes presenting to hospital with acute illness have significantly more ADRs than those without, and a significantly higher mortality that is mediated by medication-associated AKI and poorer renal function.
Cooperation dynamics in public goods games with evolving cognitive bias
Authors: Quan Ji , Li Haoze , Wang Xianjia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt has been proved that cognitive biases widely exist in various social realities and lead to unprecedented consequences by affecting individual judgment and decision-making processes in distinct ways. To further explore the influence of changeable cognitive bias, we introduce a heterogeneous population and learning process that can be influenced by cognitive bias into the threshold public goods game (TPGG). Specifically, additional parameters describing the heterogeneity and updating speed of bias are employed. The combined effects of bias and the inherent parameters in the TPGG model on the evolution of cooperation are explored. Numerical simulation results show that the heterogeneity of cognitive bias exhibits diametrically opposite effects when the threshold is relatively low and high, and the effect of incentives based on fixed reward and adjustable punishment are distorted by heterogeneous cognitive biases as well. In addition, the process of social learning forces individuals to update their beliefs toward the direction of obtaining a higher payoff. Different learning rates eventually lead to distinct levels of cooperation by changing the distribution of cognitive bias when the population reaches the evolutionary steady state. Our work extends the research framework on cognitive bias from the perspective of population heterogeneity and explores the impact of individuals' learning ability on personal bias and cooperative behavior.
Attachment insecurity and dysfunctional identity as contributors to pathological narcissism, and mediators of adverse parenting
Authors: Kealy David , Ogrodniczuk John S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIdentifying personality features underlying pathological narcissism is important for informing treatment of pathological narcissism. The present study investigated both attachment insecurity and dysfunctional identity in relation to pathological narcissism, beyond five-factor personality traits, among 392 online responders. A proposed mediation model was also examined regarding indirect effects of perceived adverse parenting on pathological narcissism through attachment insecurity and dysfunctional identity. Attachment anxiety and dysfunctional identity were significant predictors of pathological narcissism after controlling for the effects of five-factor traits and age. Attachment anxiety and dysfunctional identity also mediated the association between perceived adverse parenting and pathological narcissism. These findings contribute to the conceptualization of pathological narcissism as involving an insecure, anxious attachment style and an impaired self-concept.
Molecular mechanisms regulating ornamental traits and scent production in snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.)
Authors: Qiao Zhenglin , Song Xiaohui , Kong Yulai , Shi Senbao , Yan Bo , Egea-Cortines Marcos , Chen Longqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSnapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) is a widely cultivated and economically important cut flower and bedding plant worldwide due to its high ornamental value. At the same time, owing to its herbaceous features, ease of growth and cultivation, short life cycle, diploid inheritance, diverse morphological variation, and self-incompatibility, it has also been used as a model plant for studies on molecular biology, biochemistry, and plant developmental genetics. Over the past few decades, hundreds of plant genetics and physiology studies have been published on snapdragon. This review aims to summarize the advances in the characterization of snapdragon ornamental characters associated with floral organ size, shape, scent, color, and plant appearance. A broad spectrum of genes and their action mechanisms were explored and discussed, including comprehensive investigations at the genome-wide level and unraveling the functions of structural genes and master regulators and their interactions. In addition, the biosynthetic pathway involved in floral volatile scent production was summarized. Finally, the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) family in snapdragon was investigated using the latest whole-genome data. This review will lay the foundation for future molecular genetics and genomics research and applications on snapdragon. It further contributes to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating morphogenesis and ornamental qualities in snapdragon.
Understanding the role of GsWRKY transcription factors modulating the biosynthesis of schaftoside in Grona styracifolia
Authors: Yu Fangqin , Wang Zhiqiang , Shi Dingding , Liu Ting , Wang Ying , Peng Ting , Zeng Shaohua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWRKY transcription factors are pivotal regulators in various aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, secondary metabolic biosynthesis, and responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. The legume plant Grona styracifolia is widely utilized for its medicinal properties in treating urinary calculi and combating SARS-CoV-2, owing to its bioactive component schaftoside. However, the regulatory function of GsWRKYs in schaftoside biosynthesis within G. styracifolia remains elusive. In the G. styracifolia genome, we identified a total of 102 GsWRKYs, classified phylogenetically into Group I (18), II (68), and III (16). Genomic analysis revealed an uneven distribution of GsWRKYs on chromosomes (Chr), with prevalence on Chr 1, followed by Chr 2, 3, 5, and 6. Among the 82 duplicated GsWRKYs, comprising 12, 54, and 16 members in Group I, II, and III respectively, 11 GsWRKYs were tandemly duplicated genes located across Chr 2 (2), Chr 5 (7), and Chr 9 (2). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis unveiled that 2 Group I (GsWRKY44 and GsWRKY95) and 14 Group II GsWRKYs, including two pairs of segmentally duplicated Group II GsWRKYs associated with thermomorphogenesis, exhibited coexpression with Gronastyracifolia C-glycosyltransferases (GsCGT), a gene encoding a C-glucosyltransferase involved in schaftoside biosynthesis. Furthermore, GsWRKY95 demonstrated coexpression with other schaftoside biosynthetic genes. Dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays provided additional evidence that GsWRKY95 binds to the W-box of GsCGT, activating its expression. In addition, GsWRKY95- and GsCGT-coexpressing Gronastyracifoliachalcone synthase (GsCHSs), along with 11 pairs of segmentally duplicated Group II GsWRKYs, responded to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Notably, certain GsWRKYs were identified as regulators specific to schaftoside biosynthesis in stems, roots, and leaves. These findings suggest that duplication events, particularly in segmentally duplicated Group II GsWRKYs, play a pivotal role in orchestrating the hierarchical regulation of schaftoside biosynthesis. Overall, our results establish a foundation for genetically enhancing G. styracifolia to abundantly produce schaftoside, thereby contributing to its medicinal efficacy.
A novel method to visualize liquid distribution in snow: superimposition of MRI and X-ray CT images
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoru , Adachi Satoru , Sunako Sojiro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The relationship between the behavior of water in snow and its microstructure is crucial to improve the prediction of wet snow disasters. X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is frequently used to observe snow microscopically. However, distinguishing between ice and water in the X-ray images is difficult because ice exhibits an X-ray absorption coefficient similar to that of water. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquires nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of protons in a liquid and visualizes the NMR signal intensity, enabling discrimination between water and ice signals. However, snow grains and pore spaces cannot be distinguished in MRI images because they do not generate NMR signals.
To investigate the relationship between the microstructure of snow and the distribution of liquids in snow, we developed a novel method that combines X-ray CT and MRI images to compensate for the disadvantages associated with each method. Using this method, we successfully visualized where liquid (C12H24) occupied pore spaces. We also showed the possibility of using C12H24 instead of water to obtain water retention curve of snow cover, which is a fundamental aspect of hydraulic properties. Although there is room for improvement in the visualization of water in snow, such as shortening the imaging time to escape snow metamorphosis and image superimposition methods, this method is expected to effectively elucidate the behavior of water in snow and clarify the characteristics of wet snow.
The use of UV-C radiation for terminal disinfection of pathogenic Gram-negative rods: a pilot study
Authors: Tholany Joseph , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Frank Amy R. , Bryant Steven H. , Cunningham Goedken Cassie , Suh Daniel , Stevens Michael S. , Sherlock Stacey M. Hockett , Perencevich Eli N. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this controlled study, we found that exposure to ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation was able to arrest the growth of selected pathogenic enteric and nonfermenting Gram-negative rods. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy and determine optimal implementation strategies for utilizing UV-C terminal disinfection.
The spherical growth series of Dyer groups
Authors: Paris Luis , Varghese Olga 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGraph products of cyclic groups and Coxeter groups are two families of groups that are defined by labelled graphs. The family of Dyer groups contains these both families and gives us a framework to study these groups in a unified way. This paper focuses on the spherical growth series of a Dyer group D with respect to the standard generating set. We give a recursive formula for the spherical growth series of D in terms of the spherical growth series of standard parabolic subgroups. As an application we obtain the rationality of the spherical growth series of a Dyer group. Furthermore, we show that the spherical growth series of D is closely related to the Euler characteristic of D.