bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geological boundary conditions of the 1909 Lambesc (Provence, France) earthquake : structure and evolution of the Trévaresse ridge anticline
Authors: Chardon Dominique , Bellier Olivier 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The 06/11/1909, Lambesc, M=6 earthquake is the strongest instrumental seismic event recorded in French history. A review of the geology of the epicentral area combined with detailed field mapping and structural analysis allows constraining the tectonic and geomorphic evolution of the Trévaresse ridge anticline and associated fault that ruptured during the 1909 event.
The Trévaresse fold is a WNW-trending, southerly-verging forced ramp anticline developed above the Trévaresse reverse fault during late Miocene and Pliocene times, and possibly after the early Pleistocene. Over the last 11 Ma, the Trévaresse reverse fault records an average reverse slip rate of 0.03 ± 0.02 mm/yr consistent with a homogeneous N005 – N010 trending shortening direction. The fault is segmented into two major segments (the eastern one being linked to a possibly active frontal blind thrust fault) separated by a relay fault zone associated with an en-échelon fold pattern consistent with a slight left-lateral component on the easternmost segment. Our structural analysis combined with recent estimates of the source parameters of the Lambesc earthquake indicates that the fault has to reach at least the basement-cover interface, at a minimum depth of 6 km. The westward longitudinal decrease in morphological maturity of the relief of the Trévaresse ridge anticline and its associated fault scarp suggests a westward propagation of the fold during partly diachronous activation of the two segments of the fault.
Palynofacies variations in a carbonate ramp system environment (Upper Muschelkalk, NE France)
Authors: Courtinat Bernard , Malartre Fabrice 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
This study analyses variations in the size of black woody phytoclast and palynofacies types of shallow subtidal environments evolving to deeper subtidal environments, of latest Illyrdian-latest Fassanian age (Upper Muschelkalk). Some of the results display some discrepancies between elevated particle sizes that were supposedly deposited in a relative proximal source and the rich veryhachid palynofacies that are thought to represent distal marine environments. A case study of the succession in the Héming quarry, located in the Alsace-Lorraine trough (southwestern part of the intracratonic Germanic basin) reveals that : (1) the palynological assemblages are dominated by acritarchs belonging to micrhystridids, disaccate pollen and woody phytoclasts; (2) the abundance of phytoclasts, sporomorphs and marine groups is not correlated with lithologies; (3) the length of the processes of micrhystridids is not a useful parameter in defining palynofacies types. In carbonate ramp environments, many factors could have confused the palynological signals such as high-energy events and the water level on which the nutrient supply depended pro parte. All these factors seem to have been governed by climatic or tectono-eustatic events.
A morphogenetic explanation of Buckman’s law of covariation
Authors: Guex Jean , Koch Andre , O’Dogherty Luis , Bucher Hugo 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that Buckman’s law of covariation, describing the cases of extreme variability observed in ammonoids, can be explained in a simple way by analysing the internal shell geometry. This geometry can be characterized by the amount of lateral and ventral curvature of the shell which controls the thickness of the mantle and the concentration of morphogens present in the shell-secreting epithelium. The most salient ornamentation is present where the whorls are most curved, shells with slight angular bulges often being spinose or carinate and flat ones being almost smooth. These observations agree with a morphogenetic model based on Meinhardt’s reaction – diffusion mechanisms [Meinhardt 1995].
Cretaceous arc volcanism of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica : new petrological, geochemical and isotope data
Authors: Demant* Alain , Touron Stéphanie , Lapierre Henriette , Bosch Delphine 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
On Byers Peninsula, the largest summer ice-free area in the South Shetland Islands, a thick Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sedimentary sequence and penecontemporaneous igneous activity records the progressive emersion of a volcanic arc. The oldest rocks are represented by voluminous basaltic flows intercalated within late Jurassic shallow marine sediments. Following the emersion, Lower Cretaceous strata were deposited. Welded and nonwelded dacitic to rhyolitic ignimbrites are exposed locally at the base of the continental succession. However, the majority of the outcrops consists of Lower Cretaceous basaltic to basaltic andesite plugs and dykes, representing the roots of a volcanic arc, which form most of the topographic highs of the peninsula.
Byers Peninsula lavas are porphyritic with mineralogical associations typical of orogenic series. Major, trace and rare-earth element data show that all the rocks are relatively poor in K2O, enriched in large ion lithophile elements and that they have a clear subduction imprint (Nb-Ta anomaly). Furthermore, a tholeiitic tendency is shown by the REE patterns of some basaltic lavas. Sr- Nd- and Pb isotopic data support an origin from the sub-arc asthenosphere. Byers lavas have isotope signatures similar to that of the South Sandwich intra-oceanic arc. The enriched nature of most of the samples, revealed by Pb isotope ratios and Th/Yb enrichment, indicates that the MORB-like mantle source has been modified by fluids and sediments derived from the subducting slab. No clear temporal chemical change is observed during the evolution of this near-trench volcanic arc.
Controls on organic accumulation in late Jurassic shales of northwestern Europe as inferred from trace-metal geochemistry
Authors: Tribovillard Nicolas , Trentesaux Alain , Ramdani Abdelkader , Baudinet François , Riboulleau Armelle 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
In the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the Wessex-Weald Basin, five organic-matter-rich intervals (or ORIs), dated from Kimmeridgian-Tithonian times, can be correlated from distal depositional environments in Dorset and Yorkshire (UK) to the proximal environments in Boulonnais, northern France. The ORIs are superimposed on a meter-scale cyclic distribution of organic matter (OM), referred to as primary cyclicity, which is commonly interpreted to result from Milankovitch climate forcing. The present work addresses the distribution of redox-sensitive and/or sulfide-forming trace metals and selected major elements (Si, Al and Fe) in Kimmeridge Clay shales from the Cleveland Basin (Yorkshire) and the Boulonnais cliffs with two objectives: 1) to determine whether the ORIs formed in similar paleoenvironments, and 2) to identify the mechanism(s) of OM accumulation. High-resolution geochemical data from primary cycles in the Yorkshire boreholes (Marton and Ebberstone boreholes), were studied and the results are then applied with lower resolution sampling at the ORI scale in the Flixton borehole and Boulonnais cliff.
Good correlations are found between total organic carbon (TOC) vs Cu/Al and Ni/Al, but relationships between TOC and Mo/Al, V/Al and U/Al are more complex. Cu and Ni enrichment is interpreted to have resulted from passive accumulation with OM in an oxygen-deficient basinal setting, which prevented the subsequent loss of Cu and Ni from the sediment. Mo and V were significantly enriched only in sediments where considerable amounts of OM (TOC&gt;7 %) accumulated, the result of strongly reducing conditions and OM burial. At the scale of the Flixton ORIs, the samples with the highest Mo and V concentrations also show relative Fe enrichment, suggesting pyrite formation in the water column (combination of euxinic conditions and presumably low sedimentation rates). Samples from all ORIs were slightly enriched in Si relative to Al, interpreted as reflecting decreased sediment flux during transgressive and early-highstand systems tracts.
The data show that in some ORIs, OM accumulation proceeded while productivity was not particularly high and sediments were not experiencing strong anoxia. In other ORIs, OM accumulation was accompanied by widespread anoxia and possibly euxinic conditions in distal settings. Though somewhat different from each other, the ORIs have all developed during episodes of reduced terrigenous supply (transgressive episodes). The common feature linking these contrasted episodes of enhanced OM storage (ORIs) must be the conjunction of productivity coupled with a decrease in the dilution effect by the land-derived supply, in a depositional environment prone to water stratification and, therefore, favorable to OM preservation and accumulation.
Tectonical and morphodynamical evolution of the southern Massif Central border, between the Cesse and Hérault rivers (France)
Authors: Larue Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Despite numerous researches concerning the Massif Central southern border, there are no certainties about the number and the chronology of the erosion surfaces, the uplift stages of the Massif Central and the incision stages of the rivers. Located on the Massif Central basement and on the Languedocian piedmont, the Orb, Libron and Hérault tributaries basins show a good pattern of shapes and formations, from the Caroux to the littoral plain. Geomorphological and sedimentological study brings some new insights to these questions.
Heavy minerals analysis allows us to separate different formations among the deposits located on the erosion surfaces and in the valleys. It is used to reconstruct the main sedimentary pathways. North-south fluxes crossed the Avant-Monts up to the Upper Pliocene, despite of the Miocene uplift. Upper Pliocene uplift of the Avant-Monts caused the bifurcation of the Orb towards the west, the antecedent incision between the Jaur confluence and Cessenon and the stepped pediments and glacis on the Avant-Monts southern border. The longitudinal paleoprofiles argue for a progressive uplift of the Massif Central since the Messinian unconformity. Incision of the valleys began before the Messinian in the Massif Central, but only during the Lower Pleistocene in the Languedocian piedmont.
Phosphorus Leaching at Cold Temperatures as Affected by Wastewater Application and Soil Phosphorus Levels
Authors: Mamo M. , Gupta S. C. , Rosen C. J. , Singh U. B. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTLand application of wastewater in the northern‐tier United States during winter months has been suggested as a means to reduce cost of building storage lagoons. A study was initiated in 1996 to assess land application of potato‐processing wastewater on a 120‐ha field at Park Rapids, MN. One objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil P levels and temperature on P leaching in soil columns. In this paper, we report the P sorption, desorption, and leaching characteristics of a high‐P (>200 mg kg−1) and a low‐P (<25 mg kg−1) surface soil from the wastewater irrigation site. The leaching experiment was done with wastewater at 4 ± 2 or 10 ± 2°C. The high‐P soil resulted in an equilibrium P concentration of 8.0 mg L−1compared with 0.14 mg L−1for the low‐P soil. When low‐P wastewater was applied to the high‐P soil, the soil acted as a P source, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration in the leachate was 3.5 times higher than the input TP concentration (C0). When high‐P wastewater was applied to the high‐P soil, the soil acted as a P sink retarding the TP concentration in the leachate by 80%. Phosphorus desorption was higher at 10°C compared with 4°C. The results showed that depending on P levels of the soil and the wastewater, reduction or increase in leachate P will occur below the surface soil. However, further mobility of this P under field conditions will depend on the volume and rate of percolating water as well as the sorption–desorption characteristics of the subsoil.
Residues of Endosulfan and Other Selected Organochlorine Pesticides in Farm Areas of the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Wan Michael T. , Kuo Jen‐ni , Pasternak John 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTCrop soils, ditch sediments, and water flowing from several farm areas to salmon tributary streams of the Fraser River in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) of British Columbia, Canada, were sampled in 2002–2003 to quantify for residues of an organochlorine cyclodiene pesticide, endosulfan (END = α‐endosulfan + β‐endosulfan + endosulfan sulfate). Residues from historical use of other selected organochlorine pesticides, namely, cyclodienes (aldrin, α‐chlordane, γ‐chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide), hexachlorocyclohexanes [α‐benzene‐hexachloride (α‐BHC), β‐BHC, δ‐BHC, and γ‐BHC (lindane)], and DDT‐related compounds (p,p‐DDT, p,p‐DDD, p,p‐DDE, and methoxychlor) were also determined. Reference and background levels of these pesticides in ditches leading to fish streams were obtained from pristine watershed areas. Varying amounts of END residues were detected in soils (<0.02–5.60 mg kg−1 dry wt.) and ditch sediments (<0.02–3.33 mg kg−1 dry wt.) in mainly three of five farm areas sampled. Likewise, residues (excluding END) of other selected organochlorine compounds such as aldrin, BHC, chlordane, endrin, p,p‐DDT, methoxychlor, and their respective major transformation products (endosulfan sulfate, dieldrin, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p‐DDD, and p,p‐DDE) were found in crop soils (<0.02–16.2 mg kg−1 dry wt.) and sediments (<0.02–9.73 mg kg−1 dry wt.). Most of these pesticides (END: <0.01–1.86 μg L−1; other selected organochlorine pesticides: <0.0.1–1.50 μg L−1) were also found in ditch water leading to salmon streams in several farms. The END levels of crop soils from the same LFV study farms in 1994 and 2003 indicated an estimated decline of 22% to 1.35 mg kg−1 dry wt. during that period. This reduction was probably due to the increasing use of alternate pesticides (e.g., organophosphorus compounds). Some possible biological implications of these pesticide residues on nontarget organisms in the LFV are discussed.
Phosphorus in Hawaiian Kikuyugrass Pastures and Potential Phosphorus Release to Water
Authors: Mathews B. W. , Carpenter J. R. , Sollenberger L. E. , Tsang S. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTPasture systems in Hawaii are based primarily on kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.). Relationships among kikuyugrass P concentration, animal P requirements, and various soil P determinations are needed to help identify source areas for implementing pasture management strategies to limit P loss via overland flow. A total of 51 rotationally stocked kikuyugrass pastures (>20 yr old) with contrasting soil chemical properties were sampled. A satisfactory predictive relationship between modified‐Truog (MT)‐extractable phosphorus (PMT) and dissolved (<0.45‐μm pore diameter), molybdate‐reactive phosphorus (DRP) desorbed from soil in a water extract (DRPWE) was found when 0‐ to 4‐cm‐depth data for the soil orders with medium to high DRPWE (two Mollisols and an Inceptisol) were pooled separately from those with low DRPWE (five Andisols, three Ultisols, and an Oxisol). The oxalate phosphorus saturation index (PSIox) procedure was the best predictor of DRPWE across soil orders when oxalate‐extractable molybdate‐reactive phosphorus (RPox) was used to calculate PSIox (PSIoxRP) rather than when total oxalate‐extractable phosphorus (TPox) was used (PSIoxTP). There was little DRPWE until PSIoxRP exceeded 6% or PSIoxTP exceeded 8%. A more empirical dilute‐acid phosphorus saturation index (PSIMT) was also calculated using PMT and MT‐extractable iron (FeMT) and aluminum (AlMT). The PSIMT procedure showed some utility in predicting DRPWE, was positively related to the PSIox procedures, and can be more readily performed in agronomic soil testing laboratories than PSIox The present research suggests that while Hawaiian kikuyugrass pastures tend to be sufficient to high in forage P, potential soil P release to water only appeared to be a possible environmental concern for the Mollisol and Inceptisol sites.
Biosolid Colloid‐Mediated Transport of Copper, Zinc, and Lead in Waste‐Amended Soils
Authors: Karathanasis A. D. , Johnson D. M. C. , Matocha C. J. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTIncreasing land applications of biosolid wastes as soil amendments have raised concerns about potential toxic effects of associated metals on the environment. This study investigated the ability of biosolid colloids to transport metals associated with organic waste amendments through subsurface soil environments with leaching experiments involving undisturbed soil monoliths. Biosolid colloids were fractionated from a lime‐stabilized, an aerobically digested, and a poultry manure organic waste and applied onto the monoliths at a rate of 0.7 cm/h. Eluents were monitored for Cu, Zn, Pb, and colloid concentrations over 16 to 24 pore volumes of leaching. Mass‐balance calculations indicated significantly higher (up to 77 times) metal elutions in association with the biosolid colloids in both total and soluble fractions over the control treatments. Eluted metal loads varied with metal, colloid, and soil type, following the sequences Zn = Cu > Pb, and ADB > PMB > LSB colloids. Colloid and metal elution was enhanced by decreasing pH and colloid size, and increasing soil macroporosity and organic matter content. Breakthrough curves were mostly irregular, showing several maxima and minima as a result of preferential macropore flow and multiple clogging and flushing cycles. Soil‐ and colloid‐metal sorption affinities were not reliable predictors of metal attenuation/elution loads, underscoring the dynamic nature of transport processes. The findings demonstrate the important role of biosolid colloids as contaminant carriers and the significant risk they pose, if unaccounted, for soil and ground water contamination in areas receiving heavy applications of biosolid waste amendments.
Distribution and Speciation of Metals in Annual Rings of Black Willow
Authors: Punshon Tracy , Lanzirotti Antonio , Harper Steve , Bertsch Paul M. , Burger Joanna 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTInformation on the spatial distribution and speciation of metals in nonhyperaccumulator plants is lacking. This study used synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence (SXRF) compositional imaging to investigate the spatial distribution of Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe in annual rings of black willow (Salix nigra L.) collected from a metal‐contaminated area, and used X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate Ni and Mn speciation in regions of the annual rings with elevated Ni concentrations. Annual rings were recollected in early 2003 from an individual known to be enriched with Ni from previous studies. Compositional imaging showed Ni and associated co‐contaminants conservatively located in an annual ring. When compared with a corresponding photomicrograph, SXRF compositional images showed that metals were sharply constrained by the boundaries of the annual ring, indicating a sudden onset and cessation of uptake, and a lack of post‐growth mobility of the metals. There was a particularly strong correlation between Ni and Mn in the metal‐enriched annual ring (r = 0.8822), which suggested similar transport and binding behavior of these elements. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy showed Ni and Mn to be present in the 2+ oxidation state. X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) fingerprinting of localized, highly Ni‐enriched regions within the lumen of willow xylem vessels found similarities with Ni–pectic acid complexes, Ni–histidine, and NiSO4
The NAT1 C1095A polymorphism, maternal multivitamin use and smoking, and the risk of spina bifida
Authors: Jensen Liselotte E. , Hoess Katy , Whitehead Alexander S. , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe risk of having a child with a neural tube defect (NTD) can be reduced by maternal, periconceptional supplementation with folic acid, but the underlying folate‐dependent protective mechanism remains unclear. N‐acetyltransferase 1 is involved in acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amines and the catabolism of folates. Hence, functional polymorphisms in NAT1, the gene encoding N‐acetyltransferase 1, are plausible risk factors for NTDs. Such variants could exert an influence on the risk of NTDs via their role in acetylation or folate catabolism and could act through the maternal or the embryonic genotype.METHODSNAT1 C1095A genotypes and information on maternal, periconceptional multivitamin use and smoking were obtained as part of a family‐based study of spina bifida. Associations between spina bifida and the embryonic and maternal NAT1 C1095A genotypes, and potential NAT1 C1095A genotype–exposure interactions were evaluated using log‐linear modeling.RESULTSThe analyses provided no evidence that the embryonic or maternal NAT1 C1095 genotypes influence the risk of spina bifida independently, or through interactions with maternal use of multivitamins. There was evidence that the embryonic, and possibly the maternal, NAT1 C1095A genotype influence the risk of spina bifida via interactions with maternal smoking status.CONCLUSIONSThe genotype for the NAT1 C1095A polymorphism does not appear to be an independent risk factor for spina bifida. However, the results of these analyses provide preliminary evidence that this polymorphism may be associated with the risk of spina bifida in the offspring of women who smoke during early pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidative treatment of pregnant diabetic rats diminishes embryonic dysmorphogenesis
Authors: Cederberg Jonas , Eriksson Ulf J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiabetic pregnancy is still associated with an increased rate of congenital malformations despite extensive clinical efforts to normalize the risk for the offspring. The etiology of diabetic embryopathy is not clear; however, experimental studies have suggested a role for oxidative stress in the teratogenicity of diabetic pregnancy. The antioxidants α‐tocopherol and ascorbate have improved fetal outcome in diabetic rodent pregnancy when supplemented in moderate to high doses. In the present work we investigated if extremely high doses of either α‐tocopherol or ascorbate might further improve fetal outcome in offspring of diabetic rats and, in addition, if such treatment may exert any adverse effects of fetal development.METHODSNondiabetic and streptozotocin diabetic female rats were fed 2, 5, 10, or 15% α‐tocopherol or 4, 10, or 15% ascorbate in their diet.RESULTSBoth α‐tocopherol and ascorbate treatment improved fetal morphology in offspring of diabetic rats. There was a dose‐dependent improvement for the α‐tocopherol supplementation, in which the higher doses diminished fetal dysmorphogenesis more than the 2% diet. The ascorbate supplementation was less dose‐dependent; however, the higher doses tended to improve fetal outcome more than the lower doses. No adverse effects of the antioxidants were noted in the offspring with the exception of 1 case of agnathia in a fetus of a nondiabetic rat supplemented with 15% α‐tocopherol.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that very high doses of dietary antioxidants may be needed to normalize the development of the offspring in experimental diabetic pregnancy, but that treatment with such high doses may also have adverse effects in nondiabetic pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.