bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein–protein interactions: mechanisms and modification by drugs
Authors: Veselovsky A. V. , Ivanov Yu. D. , Ivanov A. S. , Archakov A. I. , Lewi P. , Janssen P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractProtein–protein interactions form the proteinaceous network, which plays a central role in numerous processes in the cell. This review highlights the main structures, properties of contact surfaces, and forces involved in protein–protein interactions. The properties of protein contact surfaces depend on their functions. The characteristics of contact surfaces of short‐lived protein complexes share some similarities with the active sites of enzymes. The contact surfaces of permanent complexes resemble domain contacts or the protein core. It is reasonable to consider protein–protein complex formation as a continuation of protein folding. The contact surfaces of the protein complexes have unique structure and properties, so they represent prospective targets for a new generation of drugs. During the last decade, numerous investigations have been undertaken to find or design small molecules that block protein dimerization or protein(peptide)–receptor interaction, or on the other hand, induce protein dimerization. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey of the year 2001 commercial optical biosensor literature
Authors: Rich Rebecca L. , Myszka David G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe have assembled references of 700 articles published in 2001 that describe work performed using commercially available optical biosensors. To illustrate the technology's diversity, the citation list is divided into reviews, methods and specific applications, as well as instrument type. We noted marked improvements in the utilization of biosensors and the presentation of kinetic data over previous years. These advances reflect a maturing of the technology, which has become a standard method for characterizing biomolecular interactions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brownian dynamics of interactions between aldolase mutants and F‐actin
Authors: Lowe Stephen L. , Atkinson Derek M. , Waingeh Victor F. , Thomasson Kathryn A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPrevious Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations (Ouporov IG, Knull HR and Thomasson KA 1999. Biophys. J. 76: 17–27) of complex formation between rabbit aldolase and F‐actin have identified three lysine residues (K288, K293 and K341) on aldolase and acidic residues (DEDE) at the N‐terminus of actin as important to binding. BD simulations of computer models of aldolase mutants with any of these lysine residues replaced by alanine show reduced binding energy; the greatest effect of a single substitution is for K341A, and replacement of all three lysines greatly reduces binding. BD simulations of wild‐type rabbit aldolase vs altered F‐actin show that binding is decreased if any one of the four N‐terminal acidic residues is replaced by alanine and binding is greatly reduced if three or more of the N‐terminal acidic residues are replaced; none of the four actin residues appear more critical for binding than the others. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet statistics of functional MRI data and the general linear model
Authors: Müller Karsten , Lohmann Gabriele , Zysset Stefan , von Cramon D. Yves 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurposeTo improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, an approach is developed that combines wavelet‐based methods with the general linear model.Materials and MethodsRuttimann et al. (1) developed a wavelet‐based statistical procedure to test wavelet‐space partitions for significant wavelet coefficients. Their method is applicable for the detection of differences between images acquired under two experimental conditions using long blocks of stimulation. However, many neuropsychological questions require more complicated event‐related paradigms and more experimental conditions. Therefore, in order to apply wavelet‐based methods to a wide range of experiments, we present a new approach that is based on the general linear model and wavelet thresholding.ResultsIn contrast to a monoresolution filter, the application of the wavelet method increased the SNR and showed a set of clearly dissociable activations. Furthermore, no relevant decrease of the local maxima was observed.ConclusionWavelet‐based methods can increase the SNR without diminishing the signal amplitude, while preserving the spatial resolution of the image. The anatomical localization is strongly improved. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:20–30. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR tagging of human lungs using hyperpolarized 3He gas
Authors: Owers‐Bradley John R. , Fichele Mr Stanislao , Bennattayalah Abdelmalek , Smith McGloin Colin J. , Bowtell Richard W. , Morgan Paul S. , Moody Alan R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the use of spin‐tagging in conjunction with hyperpolarized gas imaging for monitoring lung ventilation and gas diffusion.Methods and MaterialsImages were taken at 0.15 T using single shot RARE, with hyperpolarized 3He gas prepared by the metastability exchange technique. Sinusoidal modulation of the longitudinal magnetization (tag) was produced by two 90‐degree rf pulses separated by a gradient pulse. The diffusion of 3He gas in the lungs was measured by monitoring the decay of the tags. This study was conducted on a 25‐year‐old, male, healthy volunteer.ResultsClear tags in hyperpolarized 3He gas both in vivo and in vitro were generated. The relative movement of the lung compared to a static, partial breath‐hold was measured following inspiration or expiration. The diffusion coefficient of 3He in the lungs was found to be 0.02 ± 0.005 cm2seconds‐1.ConclusionThe spin‐tagging of hyperpolarized 3He in the lungs is possible, and allows regional lung movements to be measured following inspiration and expiration. It also allows quantification of the diffusion of the 3He gas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:142–146. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical blood flow quantification with segmented k‐space magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping
Authors: Chatzimavroudis George P. , Zhang Haosen , Halliburton Sandra S. , Moore James R. , Simonetti Orlando P. , Schvartzman Paulo R. , Stillman Arthur E. , White Richard D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of segmented k‐space magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping (PVM) in quantifying aortic blood flow from through‐plane velocity measurements.Materials and MethodsTwo segmented PVM schemes were evaluated, one with seven lines per segment (seg‐7) and one with nine lines per segment (seg‐9), in twenty patients with cardiovascular disease. A non‐segmented (non‐seg) PVM acquisition was also performed to provide the reference data.ResultsThere was agreement between the aortic flow curves acquired with segmented and non‐segmented PVM. The calculated systolic and total flow volume per cycle from the seg‐7 and the seg‐9 scans correlated and agreed with the flow volumes from the non‐seg scans (differences < 5%). Sign tests showed that there were no statistically significant differences (P‐values < 0.05) between the segmented and the non‐segmented PVM measurements. Seg‐9, which was the fastest among the three sequences, provided adequate spatial and temporal resolution (> 10 phases per cycle).ConclusionSegmented k‐space PVM shows great clinical potential in blood flow quantification. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:65–71. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of aorto‐iliac disease with magnetic resonance angiography using arterial phase 3‐d gradient‐echo and interstitial phase 2‐d fat‐suppressed spoiled gradient‐echo sequences
Authors: Venkataraman Shambhavi , Semelka Richard C. , Weeks Susan , Braga Larissa , Vaidean Georgeta 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the pelvis for the examination of the aorto‐iliac system using arterial phase 3‐D gradient echo and interstitial phase 2‐D fat‐suppressed spoiled gradient‐echo (SGE), with comparison to surgery and angiography.Materials and MethodsNinety MR angiograms performed on 79 consecutive patients were analyzed, retrospectively, for the presence of narrowing, aneurysm, and dissection. Comparisons were made with angiography and surgery in 50 examinations, and a weighted kappa statistic test was applied to assess agreement. MR examinations were performed at 1.5T 3‐D fast imaging in steady state precession (FISP) acquired immediately, and fat‐suppressed SGE in the interstitial phase following gadolinium administration.ResultsMRA had overall sensitivities of 100% at aortic segments, 100% at common iliac, 93.8% at external, and 95.7% at internal iliac, and specificities of 100% at aortic segments, 89.7% at common iliac, 95.2% at external iliac, and 88.7% at internal iliac in detection of vascular disease. The agreement of MRA with the angiography and surgery yielded a weighted kappa statistic of 0.97 at the aortic, 0.94 at the common, 0.85 at the external, and 0.82 at the internal iliac segments.ConclusionThis study demonstrates an excellent performance of MRA in the evaluation of aorto‐iliac arterial system and almost perfect agreement with angiography and surgery at all vascular levels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:43–53. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional chemotherapy is indicated after surgical resection of colorectal metastases to the liver: A debate
Authors: Khushalani Nikhil I. , McKinley Brian Patrick , Gibbs John F. , Leichman Cynthia Gail , Petrelli Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSurgical resection for selected patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer can cure approximately one‐fourth of these patients. The addition of regional chemotherapy as an attempt to improve this statistic has been extensively investigated in clinical trials. As part of a multidisciplinary educational program, a series of debates on various topics in oncology are held at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, involving the medical, surgical, and radiation oncology departments. One such debate focused on the use of regional chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. The representative medical and surgical oncology fellows (N.I.K. and B.P.M.), with guidance from their respective mentors (C.G.L., J.F.G., and N.J.P.), presented concise reviews from the literature arguing for and against the use of regional chemotherapy in this setting. They appear as Parts 1 and 2 in this article. This exercise is purely educational and does not in any way reflect the opinion or the clinical practice of the authors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:65–72. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of putative tumor suppressor gene TSC‐22 in human brain tumors
Authors: Shostak Katherina O. , Dmitrenko Vladimir V. , Garifulin Oleg M. , Rozumenko Vladimir D. , Khomenko Olexiy V. , Zozulya Yuriy A. , Zehetner Günther , Kavsan Vadym M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOur objective was to identify differentially expressed genes involved in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).MethodsScreening of arrayed human fetal brain and human postnatal brain cDNA libraries was performed by differential hybridization with glioblastoma multiforme and human normal brain cDNAs.ResultsRepeated differential hybridization of more than 100 cDNA clones selected by primary screening and analysis of RNA from adult normal brain and glial tumors showed 16 nucleotide sequences differentially expressed between normal brain and brain tumors. Among others, decreased content in astrocytic tumors was determined for TSC‐22 mRNA corresponding to cDNA in the ICRFp507J1041 clone from human fetal brain cDNA library. Northern blot hybridization of RNA from different human brain tumors showed very low amounts of TSC‐22 mRNA in most investigated samples of GBM, anaplastic astrocytoma, and some other tumors. Complete lack of expression of TSC‐22 occurred in one sample of anaplastic astrocytoma, as well as in meningioma, brain sarcoma, sarcomatous meningioma, and oligodendroglioma. The differential expression of TSC‐22 gene was confirmed by semiquantitative RT‐PCR in 15 samples of astrocytomas WHO grade II–IV and three samples of normal brain.ConclusionsSignificantly decreased levels of TSC‐22 mRNA in human brain and salivary gland tumors and antiproliferative role of TSC‐22 strongly suggest a tumor suppressor role for TSC‐22. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:57–64. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: Multivariate analysis
Authors: Vora Hemangini H. , Shah Neelam G. , Patel Devendra D. , Trivedi Trupti I. , Chikhlikar Priya R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExpression of a panel of biomarkers, such as p53, Bcl‐2, Cyclin D1, c‐myc, p21ras, c‐erb B2, cytokeratin‐19 (CK‐19), and factor VIII–related antigen (FVIII‐RA), was studied together in anterior tongue tumors from the oral cavity and in posterior tongue tumors from the oropharynx of patients with early‐ and locally advanced‐stage disease, to evaluate their prognostic value.MethodsThe expression of the above‐mentioned biomarkers was studied by immunohistochemical localization.ResultsIn this study, 18%, 26%, 62%, 75%, 73%, 50%, and 29% of the tumors exhibited p53, Bcl‐2, Cyclin D1, c‐myc, p21ras, c‐erb B2, and CK‐19 expression, respectively. Twenty percent of the tumors had a microvessel count of >0.0. The expression of these biomarkers was also correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. In early‐stage patients with a tobacco habit, who showed borderline significance for relapse‐free survival by Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, this turned out to be significant, with the general linear model univariate survival analysis. In the total group, disease stage emerged as the most significant prognostic factor, followed by c‐myc, when Cox forward stepwise regression and general linear model multivariate survival analysis were performed. However, Cyclin D1, which was significant by Cox forward stepwise regression analysis, lost its significance by general linear model multivariate analysis. In patients with early‐stage disease, MVC, which was a significant predictor of disease relapse by Cox forward stepwise regression analysis, lost its significance by general linear model analysis because of small number of patients. In patients with locally advanced tongue cancer, multivariate survival analysis of individual biomarkers by both Cox forward stepwise regression and general linear model analysis indicated c‐myc expression to be strongly indicative of poor prognosis. However, multivariate analysis of individual markers along with a combination of markers showed that only by Cox forward stepwise regression analysis did the combined expression of markers c‐myc, Cyclin D1, and p21ras emerge as a significant independent prognosticator.ConclusionsOverall stage emerged as the most significant prognostic indicator of disease outcome. Tobacco habit also affected relapse‐free survival in patients with early‐stage disease. However, immunostaining of c‐myc in the tumors of locally advanced‐stage tongue cancer patients might be a potential adjunct to clinical stage in the pathologic evaluation of tongue specimens. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:34–50. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of the size of cancer nests in metastatic lymph nodes in human esophageal cancers
Authors: Komori Takamichi , Doki Yuichiro , Kabuto Toshiyuki , Ishikawa Osamu , Hiratsuka Masahiro , Sasaki Yo , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Murata Kohei , Yamada Terumasa , Miyashiro Isao , Mano Masayuki , Ishiguro Shingo , Imaoka Shingi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative survival of patients with esophageal cancers after curative surgery is strongly affected by the presence of lymph node metastasis. The number and location of lymph node metastases have been evaluated and graded, but the clinical significance of their size has not been well investigated.MethodsOf 322 esophageal cancer patients who underwent curative operations with radical lymph node dissection, 170 (53%) had lymph node metastasis. A total of 784 metastatic lymph nodes were obtained, and the area of the cancer nests was measured microscopically in the cross section. The data from each patient included the area of the largest cancer nest in the positive nodes (Nmax), classified as Na (<4 mm2), Nb (4–25 mm2), Nc (25–100 mm2), or Nd (>100 mm2).ResultsThe 170 patients were classified according to the Nmax value: Na, 31 (18.2%); Nb, 35 (20.5%); Nc, 49 (28.8%); and Nd, 55 (32.4%). The 5‐year survival rate was 77.7% in patients without lymph node metastasis and 35.4% in those with lymph node metastasis. When classified by Nmax, the 5‐year survival rate was 77.8% for Na, 63.9% for Nb, 18.8% for Nc, and 12.8% for Nd. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between Na patients and those without lymph node metastasis. Nmax showed significant correlation with the primary tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, and number and location of metastatic lymph nodes, but not with histologic type or primary tumor location. In multivariate analysis, the Nmax value, the number of lymph node metastases and depth of tumor invasion were independent prognostic factors, while the location of the lymph node metastases was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe area of the largest cancer nest in the lymph nodes was one of the most significant prognostic factors for esophageal cancers. This estimation is objective and reproducible and may be of great importance when deciding the therapeutic modality for patients with esophageal cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:19–27. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anal sphincter preservation in locally advanced low rectal adenocarcinoma after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal anastomosis
Authors: Luna‐Pérez Pedro , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Saúl , Hernández‐Pacheco Freddi , Gutiérrez de la Barrera Marcos , Fernández Raúl , Labastida Sonia 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStandard treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma located 3–6 cm above anal verge is abdominoperineal resection. The objective was to evaluate feasibility, morbidity, and functional results of anal sphincter preservation after preoperative chemoradiation therapy and coloanal anastomosis in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma located between 3 and 6 cm above the anal verge.MethodsThis study included 17 males and 15 females with a mean age of 54.8 ± 15.4 years. Tumors were located at a mean of 4.7 ± 1.1 cm above the anal verge. The mean tumor size was 4.6 ± 1.5 cm. All patients received the scheduled treatment. Twenty‐two patients underwent coloanal anastomosis with the J pouch; 10 underwent straight anastomosis. Average surgical time was 328.7 ± 43.8 min, and the average intraoperative hemorrhage was 471.5 ± 363.6 ml. The mean distal surgical margin was 1.3 ± 0.6 cm. Five patients (15.6%) received a blood transfusion.ResultsMajor complications included coloanal anastomotic leakage (three); pelvic abscess (three), and coloanal stenosis (two). Tumor stages were as follows: T0–2,N0,M0 = 12; T3,N0,M0 = 9; T1–3,N+,M0 = 9, and T1–3,N0–3,M+ = 2. Diverting stomas were closed in 30 patients. Median follow‐up was 25 months. Recurrences occurred in four patients and were local and distant (n = 1) and distant (n = 3). Anal sphincter function was perfect (n = 20), incontinent to gas (n = 3), occasional minor leak (n = 2), frequent major soiling (n = 3), and colostomy (n = 2).ConclusionsIn patients with locally advanced rectal cancer located 3–6 cm from anal verge who are traditionally treated with abdominoperineal resection, preservation of anal sphincter after preoperative chemoradiation therapy plus complete rectal excision with coloanal anastomosis is feasible and is associated with acceptable morbidity and no mortality. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:3–9. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of integrins by interleukin‐1α, and their relationship with metastatic and invasive behavior of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Sawai Hirozumi , Takeyama Hiromitsu , Yamamoto Minoru , Furuta Akiyoshi , Funahashi Hitoshi , Okada Yuji , Sato Mikinori , Tanaka Moritsugu , Manabe Tadao 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdhesion and invasion of tumor cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play an important role in tumor metastasis formation. We investigated the enhancement of adhesive and invasive behavior to ECM proteins of human pancreatic cancer cells by interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) to examine the mechanism of adhesion and invasion of metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells to ECM proteins.MethodsThe enhancement of integrin subunits by IL‐1α was examined by cellular enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) in two metastatic human pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC‐3 and SW1990) and two nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines (PaCa‐2 and PANC‐1). In addition, assays of cancer cell adhesion and invasion to ECM proteins were performed to investigate whether increased integrin expression affected the invasive interaction between cancer cells and the putative integrin ECM ligands.ResultsExpression of the α6 subunit by metastatic cancer cells was enhanced by IL‐1α. Metastatic cancer cells also exhibited preferential adherence and invasion to laminin compared with nonmetastatic cancer cells, and this was enhanced by IL‐1α.ConclusionsThe enhancement of α6β1‐integrin by Il‐1α acting through IL‐1RI, as well as the expression of α6β1‐integrin, plays an important role in metastasis formation in pancreatic cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:51–56. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphocytic infiltration surrounding liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Okano Keiichi , Maeba Takashi , Moroguchi Akito , Ishimura Ken , Karasawa Yukihiko , Izuishi Kunihiko , Goda Fuminori , Usuki Hisashi , Wakabayashi Hisao , Maeta Hajime 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been recognized as a tumor‐host reaction in various primary neoplasms. Although several studies reported TILs surrounding metastatic liver tumors, to the authors' knowledge few evaluations of the clinical significance of such features in patients with colorectal liver metastases have been carried out.MethodsForty‐one patients who underwent initial hepatic resection for liver metastases from colorectal cancer were studied. Lymphocytic infiltration surrounding metastatic liver tumor was graded as weak or dense according to the mean number of TILs from 10 high‐power microscopic fields (≤50 or >50/HPF).ResultsDense lymphocytic infiltration between the metastatic tumor and hepatic parenchyma was seen in 18 of 41 patients (44%). Histologically, tumor invasion of the portal vein was rare in patients with dense TILs (12%) compared with patients with weak TILs (36%). Patients with dense TILs survived longer than patients with weak TILs after hepatic resection (P = 0.013). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model identified this pathological variable as a significant independent prognostic factor after hepatic resection.ConclusionsThe extent of lymphocytic infiltration between the metastatic nodule and hepatic parenchyma may reflect host defensive activity in the liver and is closely related to prognosis in patients who underwent hepatic resection for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:28–33. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.