bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalization and immigrants' health
Authors: Aparicio Fenoll Ainoa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe “healthy immigrant effect” refers to the well‐documented fact that immigrants are healthier than natives upon arrival, but their health level converges to that of natives over time. Unfortunately, we know little about whether environmental, institutional, or selective return migration mechanisms are behind the convergence. In this paper, I test whether immigrants' naturalization influences health convergence speed. Using restricted‐access Spanish health data from the National and European Health Surveys, I estimate the impact of naturalization on health by exploiting that naturalization is possible after 2 years of residence for immigrants from specific countries and after 10 years for all other immigrants. I find that naturalization worsens immigrants' health and thus accelerates the speed of convergence to natives' health. Increases in employment are potential mechanisms behind this effect.
Local delivery of adeno‐associated viral vectors with electrospun gelatin nanofiber mats
Authors: Furuno Kotoko , Elvitigala Kelum Chamara Manoj Lakmal , Suzuki Keiichiro , Sakai Shinji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdeno‐associated viral (AAV) vectors play a significant role in gene therapy, yet the typical delivery methods, like systemic and local AAV injections, often lead to unintended off‐target distribution and tissue damage due to injection. In this study, we propose a localized delivery approach for AAV vectors utilizing electrospun gelatin nanofiber mats, which are cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde. The AAV vectors, which encoded a green fluorescent protein (GFP), were loaded onto the mats by immersing them in a solution containing the vectors. The amount of AAV vector loaded onto the mats increased as the vector concentration in the solution increased. The loaded AAV vector was steadily released into the cell culture medium over 3 days. The mats incubated for 3 days also showed the ability to transduce into the cells cultured on them. We evaluated the effectiveness of this delivery system by attaching the mats to mouse livers. GFP expression was visible on the surface of the liver beneath the attached mats, but not in areas in direct contact with the mats. These findings suggest that the attachment of AAV vector‐loaded electrospun gelatin nanofiber mats to a target site present a promising solution for localized gene delivery while reducing off‐target distribution.
Adropin may promote insulin stimulated steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in adult mice testes
Authors: Tripathi Shashank , Maurya Shweta , Singh Ajit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdropin is a versatile peptide which was discovered as a novel metabolic hormone that is involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis. However, its possible role in the testicular function is not yet understood. The aim of our study was to explore the distribution pattern of adropin and GPR19 in various cell types and its possible role in testicular functions of adult mice. Immunohistochemical study revealed the intense immunoreactivity of adropin in the Leydig cells, while GPR19 showed intense immunoreactivity in the pachytene spermatocytes and mild immunoreactivity in Leydig cells and primary as well as secondary spermatocytes in mouse testis. Enho mRNA was also found to be expressed in the mouse testis. These findings suggested that adropin‐GPR19 signaling may act in autocrine/paracrine manner to modulate testicular functions. Furthermore, to find out the direct role of adropin in the testicular function, in vitro study was performed in which testicular slices were cultured with adropin alone (10 and 100 ng/mL) and in combination with insulin (5 μg/mL). Adropin alone inhibited testicular testosterone synthesis by inhibiting the expression of P450‐SCC, 3β‐HSD, and 17β‐HSD while along with insulin stimulated the testicular testosterone synthesis by increasing the expression of GPR19, IR, StAR, P450‐SCC, 3β‐HSD, and 17β‐HSD. Adropin alone or in combination with insulin promoted germ cell survival and proliferation by upregulating the expression of PCNA, Bcl2, and pERK1/2. Thus, it can be concluded that adropin‐GPR19 signaling promotes insulin stimulated steroidogenesis and germ cell survival as well as proliferation in the mice testes in an autocrine/paracrine manner.
Improvement of neurogenic urinary dysfunctions in female rats treated with an injection of botulinum toxin A at the epicenter of the spinal cord injured site
Authors: Gandara Cynthia K. , Palacios Jose L. , Luis Quintanar J. , Zhang Yingchun , Li Xuhong , Munoz Alvaro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of an injection of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) at the epicenter of the spinal cord injury (SCI) site on the recovery of lower urinary tract function in female rats with thoracic SCI.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four female Wistar rats with Sham (laminectomy at T8/T9 level) or SCI (at T8/T9; 30 g compression for 5 s) were assigned into Sham‐SS (injected with 5 µL of saline solution), Sham‐BoNT/A (injected with 15 pg/rat, equivalent to 7.5 Units/kg of BoNT/A in 5 µL volume), SCI‐SS (injured and injected with saline), SCI‐BoNT/A (injured and injected with BoNT/A), N = 6 per group. Weekly evaluation of stereotyped micturition behavior, hind‐limb nociception, and locomotor activity was performed 1 week before and during 6 weeks after surgery. Subsequently, all groups underwent simultaneous electromyography of the external urethral sphincter (EUS‐EMG) and cystometric (CMG) studies.ResultsA compression SCI at the T8/T9 thoracic level significantly impairs sensory and locomotive functions, as well as stereotyped micturition behavior. However, these impairments were improved by BoNT/A injection after SCI. Neither injections of saline solution nor BoNT/A had an appreciable effect on the same parameters evaluated in the Sham groups. The combined EUS‐EMG and CMG evaluations revealed important improvements of lower urinary tract physiology, particularly a reduction in the frequency of non‐voiding contractions and the properties of EUS bursting activity indicated as the amplitude of the EUS‐EMG signal and duration of burst electrical activity during effective voiding.ConclusionThe severe impairments on sensory and locomotive functions as well stereotyped micturition caused by an SCI could be potentially attenuated by an injection of a small amount of BoNT/A directly into the epicenter of the SCI region. A reduction in the release of neurotoxic neurotransmitters requiring the SNARE complex may be the mechanism triggered by BoNT/A to reduce neurotoxicity and hyperexcitability created in the SCI area to improve the survival of spinal cord cells involved in micturition.
Registration of Golden Promise/Otis barley recombinant inbred line mapping population
Authors: Bregitzer Phil , Ajayi Oyeyemi , Gao Dongying , Esvelt Klos Kathy , Mahalingam Ramamurthy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA recombinant inbred line mapping population was developed from a cross between the heritage malting barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) cultivar ‘Golden Promise’ and ‘Otis’, a feed barley cultivar developed in the 1960s suitable for the high dry plains. The Golden Promise/Otis recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (MP‐3, NSL 545640 MAP) consists of 190 F5:7 individuals. The parental lines exhibited significant differences in several agronomic traits including height, heading date, yield/plant, and lodging. Transgressive segregation in the RILs was evidenced by the broad range of values observed for these agronomic traits. The RIL population was genotyped using the Illumina 50k iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Of the 10,810 polymorphic markers that were identified between the two parents, 4617 markers were used for generating a genetic map that spanned 4566 cM with an average distance of 1 cM between markers. The fact that Golden Promise is a malting cultivar developed in the United Kingdom, versus Otis, a feed barley bred in the United States for dryland cultivation, indicates that this population may be useful in identifying the genetic basis of many other traits.
PTM‐Psi: A python package to facilitate the computational investigation of post‐translational modification on protein structures and their impacts on dynamics and functions
Authors: Mejia‐Rodriguez Daniel , Kim Hoshin , Sadler Natalie , Li Xiaolu , Bohutskyi Pavlo , Valiev Marat , Qian Wei‐Jun , Cheung Margaret S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPost‐translational modification (PTM) of a protein occurs after it has been synthesized from its genetic template, and involves chemical modifications of the protein's specific amino acid residues. Despite of the central role played by PTM in regulating molecular interactions, particularly those driven by reversible redox reactions, it remains challenging to interpret PTMs in terms of protein dynamics and function because there are numerous combinatorially enormous means for modifying amino acids in response to changes in the protein environment. In this study, we provide a workflow that allows users to interpret how perturbations caused by PTMs affect a protein's properties, dynamics, and interactions with its binding partners based on inferred or experimentally determined protein structure. This Python‐based workflow, called PTM‐Psi, integrates several established open‐source software packages, thereby enabling the user to infer protein structure from sequence, develop force fields for non‐standard amino acids using quantum mechanics, calculate free energy perturbations through molecular dynamics simulations, and score the bound complexes via docking algorithms. Using the S‐nitrosylation of several cysteines on the GAP2 protein as an example, we demonstrated the utility of PTM‐Psi for interpreting sequence–structure–function relationships derived from thiol redox proteomics data. We demonstrate that the S‐nitrosylated cysteine that is exposed to the solvent indirectly affects the catalytic reaction of another buried cysteine over a distance in GAP2 protein through the movement of the two ligands. Our workflow tracks the PTMs on residues that are responsive to changes in the redox environment and lays the foundation for the automation of molecular and systems biology modeling.
Studies on the load‐carrying behaviour of steel‐to‐concrete joints with headed studs for normal and shear loads
Authors: Ruopp Jakob , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSteel and composite structures usually have interfaces to concrete walls or concrete foundations. The design and verification of the interaction between steel and concrete is challenging because the load‐carrying behaviour as well as the different material properties have to be taken into account. Steel‐to‐concrete joints can be realised economically and with comparatively little effort by using fasteners such as headed studs for the anchorage in the concrete. Recent investigations have shown that a holistic verification of joints is possible, if the concrete failure mechanisms are integrated into the concept of the component method of steel and composite structures. This allows an economical verification that is competitive with pure concrete solutions because the load‐carrying behaviour in the concrete is captured with the concrete components and the steel components of the joints do not have to be oversized to avoid failure in the concrete. The load‐carrying capacity of the steel‐to‐concrete joints can effectively be improved by taking into account the reinforcement which allows for a significant increase of the resistance of the concrete components. By arranging the reinforcement in the area of the fasteners, it is possible to achieve a higher load‐carrying capacity and, with a suitable design of the reinforcement, also a ductile behaviour of the joint. In the following article, joints are described that were studied in the dissertation (Ruopp, 2020) and were investigated with regard to the above‐mentioned aspects. The article concludes with an outlook on the normative implementation.
A Multiscale Numerical Simulation of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Bacterial Turbulence Using a Regularized Stokeslet Representation
Authors: Ishimoto Kenta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSelf-propelled particles in low-Reynolds-number flow interact through the surrounding fluid. This study examined the collective dynamics of model bacterial swimmers in which a collection of regularized Stokeslets and rotlets captured their surrounding near-field flow. With the hydrodynamic and steric repulsive interactions, the numerical simulation of the swimming cells in a two-dimensional plane reproduced well-known turbulence-like dynamics, characterized by coherent collective vortex dynamics, agreeing with the previous. Furthermore, we incorporated two parallel free-slip boundaries to consider the impact of geometrical confinement. We observed that the size of the vortices of bacterial turbulence attained its maximal value when the width of the two boundaries was of the same order as the swimmer length. The rotlet term induces chiral swimming trajectories in the presence of confines for a dilute suspension. In a dense turbulence suspension, however, we observed that the chiral dynamics are subdued.
A Dynamic Extreme Value Model with Application to Volcanic Eruption Forecasting
Authors: Nguyen Michele , Veraart Almut E. D. , Taisne Benoit , Tan Chiou Ting , Lallemant David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtreme events such as natural and economic disasters leave lasting impacts on society and motivate the analysis of extremes from data. While classical statistical tools based on Gaussian distributions focus on average behaviour and can lead to persistent biases when estimating extremes, extreme value theory (EVT) provides the mathematical foundations to accurately characterise extremes. This motivates the development of extreme value models for extreme event forecasting. In this paper, a dynamic extreme value model is proposed for forecasting volcanic eruptions. This is inspired by one recently introduced for financial risk forecasting with high-frequency data. Using a case study of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, it is shown that the modelling framework is widely applicable, flexible and holds strong promise for natural hazard forecasting. The value of using EVT-informed thresholds to identify and model extreme events is shown through forecast performance, and considerations to account for the range of observed events are discussed.
Estimation of reference evapotranspiration based on machine learning models and timeseries analysis: a case study in an arid climate
Authors: Hendy Zeinab M. , Abdelhamid Mahmoud A. , Gyasi-Agyei Yeboah , Mokhtar Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWater scarcity is a major challenge for irrigated agriculture, particularly in developing countries where access to meteorological data for calculating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is limited. Thus, this study explores the potential of two machine learning models (random forest (RF) and long short-term memory (LSTM)) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) to forecast ETo. The investigation was conducted for four weather stations in Egypt, from 1982 to 2020. The machine learning models were evaluated using four combinations of inputs: maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The best results for both RF and LSTM models were achieved with the first set of inputs that included all four variables at both regional and local scales. For the regional scale, RF and LSTM models achieved R2 values of 0.85 and 0.86, respectively, with RMSE values of 0.69 and 0.68 mm/day. At the local scale, RF and LSTM models exhibited R2 values ranging from 0.92 to 0.95 and 0.93 to 0.95, respectively, while RMSE ranged between 0.38 and 0.46 mm/day and 0.37–0.43 mm/day, respectively. Additionally, ARIMA models were employed for tim series analysis of the same ETo data. ARIMA (2,1,4) and ARIMA (2,1,3) were found to be the most suitable models for the local-scale analysis while ARIMA (2,1,4) was identified as the optimal model for the regional-scale analysis. For the local-scale analysis, R2 values ranged from 0.86 to 0.91 and RMSE values ranged from 0.26 to 0.38. The regional scale analysis yielded an R2 value of 0.89 and an RMSE value of 0.58 mm/day. The developed models can be used in places where meteorological data for forecasting ETo are limited.
Combining the potential of 3D printed buccal films and nanostructured lipid carriers for personalised cannabidiol delivery
Authors: Abdella Sadikalmahdi , Kim Sangseo , Afinjuomo Franklin , Song Yunmei , Upton Richard , Garg Sanjay 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) has been recognized for its numerous therapeutic benefits, such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects, and cardioprotection. However, CBD has some limitations, including unpredictable pharmacokinetics and low oral bioavailability. To overcome the challenges associated with CBD delivery, we employed Design of Experiments (DoE), lipid carriers, and 3D printing techniques to optimize and develop buccal film loaded with CBD-NLCs. Three-factor Box-Behnken Design was carried out to optimise the NLCs and analyse the effect of independent factors on dependent factors. The emulsification-ultrasonication technique was used to prepare the NLCs. A pressure-assisted micro-syringe printing technique was used to produce the films. The produced films were studied for physicochemical, and mechanical properties, release profiles, and predicted in vivo performance. The observed particle size of the NLCs ranged from 12.17 to 84.91 nm whereas the PDI varied from 0.099 to 0.298. Lipid and sonication time positively affected the particle size whereas the surfactant concentration was inversely related. CBD was incorporated into the optimal formulation and the observed particle size, PDI, and zeta potential for the CBD-NLCs were 94.2 ± 0.47 nm, 0.11 ± 0.01 and − 11.8 ± 0.52 mV. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based gel containing the CBD-NLCs was prepared and used as a feed for 3D printing. The CBD-NLCs film demonstrated a slow and sustained in vitro release profile (84. 11 ± 7.02% in 6 h). The predicted AUC0–10 h, Cmax, and Tmax were 201.5 µg·h/L, 0.74 µg/L, and 1.28 h for a film with 0.4 mg of CBD, respectively. The finding demonstrates that a buccal film of CBD-NLCs can be fabricated using 3D printing.
Graphical Abstract
Global Mapping of Microwave Emissivity and Emitting Depth in Arid Areas Using GMI Observations
Authors: Favrichon Samuel , Prigent Catherine , Jimenez Carlos , Vogt Roland 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver arid areas, observations of brightness temperatures by passive microwave radiometers are affected by the variation of the emitting depth with wavelengths. When this variation is unaccounted for, it limits the assimilation of passive microwaves over deserts in Numerical Weather Prediction models and it causes large errors in passive microwave retrievals of land surface temperatures. The emitting depths, along with the corresponding emissivities, are estimated from 10 to 89 GHz, using the non‐Sun‐synchronous observations of the Global Precipitation Mission Microwave Imager to reconstruct the monthly diurnal cycle of brightness temperature. The soil temperature profile is modeled using a two‐term Fourier decomposition based on the ERA5 surface temperature. The combination of the observation and the modeled temperature allows for an estimation of the microwave effective emitting depth. The emitting depth is estimated to be up to 25 cm at 36 GHz, resulting in large differences between the surface temperature and the effective emitting temperature. The variation of emitting depth with frequency is parameterized, and a companion data set provides the necessary parameters to calculate the emitting depth for arid areas between 10 and 89 GHz, globally. The benefit of this parameterization is quantified, with an application to the modeling of observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder over arid areas.
Runoff Threshold Responses in Continental Boreal Catchments: Nexus of Subhumid Climate, Low‐Relief, Surficial Geology, and Land Cover
Authors: Devito K. J. , O’Sullivan A. M. , Peters D. L. , Hokanson K. J. , Kettridge N. , Mendoza C. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examined annual runoff from 20 meso‐scale catchments over 25 years, to elucidate how interactions between physiography and long‐term weather patterns influence the magnitude of spatial–temporal thresholds in annual runoff responses in water‐limited, low‐relief, glaciated continental Boreal landscapes. Annual runoff ranged over 2 orders of magnitude (<3 to >300 mm) among catchments receiving similar annual precipitation. Threshold relationships were observed with cumulative regional moisture deficits that reflected spatial–temporal differences in effective storage and antecedent moisture among catchments with differing portions of glacial‐deposit and land‐cover types. The importance of the glacial‐deposit texture and forest‐peatland cover on runoff behavior among catchments varied with weather patterns and catchment antecedent moisture states. Dry states yielded low annual runoff that ranged by 2 orders of magnitude (0–80 mm), with higher values in catchments with predominantly coarse‐textured deposits. During near normal antecedent moisture, annual runoff remained low (<10 mm) in catchments associated with fine‐textured, hummocky landforms and deciduous forests. Annual runoff >10 mm was observed only in catchments with extensive peatlands. Infrequent wet states resulted in increased runoff in all catchments; however, ranges in maximum runoff were associated with heterogeneity in catchment landforms and land covers. Integrating cumulative precipitation with the proportion of glacial‐deposit and land‐cover types within catchments can (a) represent water cycling and regional sink‐source dynamics controlling runoff and (b) provide an effective management framework for predicting climate and land use impacts on regional runoff in water‐limited, low‐relief, glaciated landscapes such as the Boreal Plain.
Self-reported childhood family adversity is linked to an attenuated gain of trust during adolescence
Authors: Reiter Andrea M. F. , Hula Andreas , Vanes Lucy , Hauser Tobias U. , Kokorikou Danae , Goodyer Ian M. ,   NSPN Consortium,   NSPN Principle Investigators,   NSPN staff, Fonagy Peter , Moutoussis Michael , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA longstanding proposal in developmental research is that childhood family experiences provide a template that shapes a capacity for trust-based social relationships. We leveraged longitudinal data from a cohort of healthy adolescents (n = 570, aged 14–25), which included decision-making and psychometric data, to characterise normative developmental trajectories of trust behaviour and inter-individual differences therein. Extending on previous cross-sectional findings from the same cohort, we show that a task-based measure of trust increases longitudinally from adolescence into young adulthood. Computational modelling suggests this is due to a decrease in social risk aversion. Self-reported family adversity attenuates this developmental gain in trust behaviour, and within our computational model, this relates to a higher ‘irritability’ parameter in those reporting greater adversity. Unconditional trust at measurement time point T1 predicts the longitudinal trajectory of self-reported peer relation quality, particularly so for those with higher family adversity, consistent with trust acting as a resilience factor.