bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic lipid-associated macrophages mediate the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery against MASH
Authors: Revelo Xavier , Fredrickson Gavin , Florczak Kira , Barrow Fanta , Dietsche Katrina , Wang Haiguang , Parthiban Preethy , Almutlaq Rawan , Adeyi Oyedele , Herman Adam , Bartolomucci Alessandro , Staley Christopher , Jahansouz Cyrus , Williams Jesse , Mashek Douglas , Ikramuddin Sayeed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome, bariatric procedures such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) have a clear benefit in ameliorating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). While the effects of bariatric surgeries have been mainly attributed to nutrient restriction and malabsorption, whether immuno-modulatory mechanisms are involved remains unclear. Here we report that VSG ameliorates MASH progression in a weight loss-independent manner. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that hepatic lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) expressing the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increase their lysosomal activity and repress inflammation in response to VSG. Remarkably, TREM2 deficiency in mice ablates the reparative effects of VSG, suggesting that TREM2 is required for MASH resolution. Mechanistically, TREM2 prevents the inflammatory activation of macrophages and is required for their efferocytotic function. Overall, our findings indicate that bariatric surgery improves MASH through a reparative process driven by hepatic LAMs, providing insights into the mechanisms of disease reversal that may result in new therapies and improved surgical interventions.
NUP37 promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells through DNMT1-mediated methylation
Authors: Jiang tianwei , Lv Yongqiang , Wang Chaolian , Liu Ruoyu , Wu Shaoxian , Chen Junjun , Zheng Xiao , Chen Lujun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this study was to determine whether nucleoporin 37 (NUP37) could control the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells through DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), thus contributing to the onset and progression of glioma.
Methods
TCGA and GTEx public databases were employed to examine the expression of NUP37 and DNMT1 in glioma. The correlation between NUP37 and DNMT1 expression levels and clinical features, such as prognosis, World Health Organization (WHO), and histopathological types of glioma patients, was analyzed based on the TCGA database. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression levels of NUP37 and DNMT1 in glioma tissues, cell lines, and post-lentivirus transfection cells. Assays, such as MTT assay, CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, scratch test, and cell counting assay, were employed to identify the regulatory effects of NUP37 depletion on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and cell cycle of glioma cells. Transcriptome sequencing combined with proteomic was utilized to examine the changes in genes, proteins, and signaling pathways post-NUP37 knockdown in glioma cells to uncover the effects of changes in target molecules upstream and downstream of NUP37 on glioma cell biological functions. The co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to investigate the interaction between NUP37 and DNMT1. Lastly, the rescue assay was used to assess whether NUP37 regulated the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells via DNMT1.
Results
Bioinformatic analysis revealed that NUP37 and DNMT1 were overexpressed in glioma and closely correlated with clinical features, such as prognosis and WHO grades of glioma. The expression of NUP37 and DNMT1 in glioma tissues was significantly higher than in normal brain tissue respectively. NUP37 depletion could suppress the proliferation and invasion of U87 and U251 glioma cells, induce apoptosis, and cause cell cycle arrest. Co-IP experiments indicated that NUP37 could bind DNMT1. Transcriptome sequencing combined with proteomic sequencing showed a decrease in the expression of certain genes, proteins (including DNMT1), and some signaling pathways following NUP37 depletion in glioma cells. Western blotting analysis indicated a decrease in the expression of DNMT1 at the protein level upon NUP37 depletion. The recovery experiment demonstrated that DNMT1 overexpression could restore the proliferation and invasion capacity of glioma cells and reduce the apoptosis rate of these cells.
Conclusion
These findings suggested that high expression of NUP37 regulated the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by binding DNMT1.
Risk factors for developing hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Yin Mengting , Nie Xin , Liu Qianhui , Zhou Yu , Yang Lijing , Chen Siyu , Ma Ming , Bai Lan , He Yong , Li Guixing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Parathyroidectomy is recommended for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism and has been proven to reduce all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Hungry bone syndrome is a common complication of parathyroidectomy. Therefore, identifying the preoperative risk factor for hungry bone syndrome is meaningful. In this study, we aimed to determine possible risk factors and their thresholds for hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Methods
Participants with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy were finally enrolled in this study. Hungry bone syndrome is defined as immediate postoperative hypocalcemia (calcium ≤ 2.1 mmol/L) and/or prolonged hypocalcemia (> 4 days) after parathyroidectomy. Clinical information and preoperative and postoperative laboratory data were collected.
Results
In all, 92 participants with secondary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy were finally enrolled in this study. Among them, 61 patients (66.3%) experienced hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy with a mean age of 44.3 years. Patients who experienced hungry bone syndrome had a higher preoperative parathyroid hormone value (263 (221, 329) vs. 139 (91, 187); P = 0.000) and phosphate value (2.42 ± 0.23 vs. 2.08 ± 0.61; P = 0.003) but a lower preoperative calcium level (2.41 ± 0.18 vs. 2.59 ± 0.20, P = 0.000). Meanwhile, patients with hungry bone syndrome were younger (44.3 years vs 51.9 years, P = 0.003). From the ROC curve, parathyroid hormone had the highest AUC = 0.868 (95% CI, 0.781–0.930) and sensitivity and specificity rates of 0.803 (0.682–0.894) and 0.903 (0.742–0.980), respectively, at a threshold of 215.9 pmol/L.
Conclusions
Secondary hyperparathyroidism patients with higher preoperative parathyroid hormone and phosphate levels and lower calcium levels were more likely to develop hungry bone syndrome.
Organic solvent-free Benznidazole nanosuspension as an approach to a novel pediatric formulation for Chagas disease
Authors: Magi María Sol , Lopez-Vidal Lucía , Marin Constanza , Maletto Belkys , Palma Santiago Daniel , Real Juan Pablo , Jimenez-Kairuz Alvaro Federico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Benznidazole —a class II/IV as per the Biopharmaceutics Classification System—is the drug of choice for treating Chagas disease; however, its low aqueous solubility is a limiting factor that reduces its dissolution rate in a conventional available dosage form, resulting in erratic bioavailability and high interindividual variability. Formulation as nanosuspension is an attractive and promising approach to solve these problems. Thus, a nanosuspension was designed and prepared by bead-assisted nano-milling followed by freeze-drying to obtain nanocrystals, which were exhaustively characterized in the solid state. The nanosuspension was obtained by a simple and robust method, with an average particle size of 459.1 ± 9.0 nm and polydispersity index of 0.23 ± 0.01. It exhibited high electrokinetic potential (-27.8 ± 0.6) mV·cm-2 and was physically stable for at least 90 days, both under refrigerated and room conditions. Nanocrystals disperse rapidly in water, and their aqueous solubility is 10-times higher than the intrinsic value. The doses of benznidazole from nanosuspensions dissolved rapidly and completely (<15 min) compared to the conventional drug. In conclusion, the formulation of benznidazole as nanosuspension is an alternative that overcomes the unfavorable properties of the drug and presents posological versatility to optimize current pharmacotherapy, mainly in pediatric patients.
Annual Trends of Ophthalmic Surgeries in Japan’s Super-aged Society, 2014– 2020: A National Claims Database Study
Authors: Wada Saori , Miyake Masahiro , Hata Masayuki , Kido Ai , Kamei Takuro , Akada Masahiro , Hiragi Shusuke , Tamura Hiroshi , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the trends and factors influencing the number of ophthalmic surgeries in Japan using the open data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. We calculated the number of cataract, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal surgeries, categorized by sex, age, and surgical type, for the fiscal years (FY) 2014 to 2020. The number of cataract surgeries remained stable at approximately 1.45 million cases from FY 2014 to 2018, increased to nearly 1.6 million cases in FY 2019, and decreased to 1.45 million cases in FY 2020. Among glaucoma surgeries, surgical treatments were increased 1.8 times over 7 years, from 33,000 to 60,000 cases. Laser treatment remained steady at around 55,000 cases from FY 2014 to 2017 and then increased to approximately 60,000 cases. The number of vitreoretinal surgeries was increased 1.2 times from FY 2014 to 2019, from 120,000 to 140,000, and decreased to 130,000 by FY 2020. Trends in ophthalmic surgeries over the past 7 years may be influenced by population aging, minimally invasive surgery, and the coronavirus disease pandemic. These findings have implications on surgical decision-making and resource allocation.
Prioritizing nematode species likely to be introduced and threaten agriculture, biodiversity, and forestry in Zambia: A Horizon Scanning Approach
Authors: Mulema Joseph Mary Kusasira , Phiri Sydney , Bbebe Nchimunya , Chandipo Rodwell , Chijikwa Mutibo , Chimutingisa Hildah , Kachapulula Paul , Mwanda Francisca Kankuma , Matimelo Mathews , Mazimba-Sikazwe Emma , Mfune Sydney , Mkulama Mtawa , Moonga Miyanda , Mphande Wiza , Mufwaya Millens , Mulenga Rabson , Mweemba Brenda , Mabote Damien Ndalamei , Nkunika Phillip OY , Nthenga Isaiah , Tembo Mathias , Chowa Judith , Odunga Stacey , Opisa Selpha , Kasoma Chapwa , Charles Lucinda Charles Lucinda , Makale Fernadis , Rwomushana Ivan Rwomushana Ivan , Phiri Noah Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction of invasive alien species through intentional or unintentional human mediated activities has caused enormous loss of income to economies, affected livelihoods and degraded biodiversity. This has necessitated forward planning through horizon scanning coupled with risk assessment to identify, prioritise, and prevent introduction of alien species that may become invasive (quarantine pests). CABI has developed the Horizon Scanning Tool that utilises information in the CABI compendia to identify pests not yet reported as present in the area at risk. When applied to Zambia, the tool identified 199 candidate nematode species not reported as present in Zambia. The list was refined to focus on species affecting Zambia’s important value chains resulting in a final subset of 130 species that were assessed using agreed guidelines. The possible highest and lowest overall risk scores expected were 250 and 2 respectively however, the highest recorded was 140 for Pratylenchus penetrans, P. thornei, and Rotylenchulus reniformis and the lowest 3, for Peltamigratus luci. A minimum overall risk score of 54 suggested as the cut-off was attained by a proportion of 45% (n = 58) species. The majority (54%, n = 70) of the nematode species were likely to be introduced via the contaminant or stowaway pathways while 41% (n = 53) and 5% (n = 7) solely as contaminants and stowaways respectively. Twenty-one (16%) of the nematode species vectored pathogenic organisms, one bacterium (Rathayibacter toxicus) and 11 viruses. Among the viruses vectored, five recorded overall risk scores above 54 and included Tomato ringspot virus (105), Tobacco rattle virus (90), Pea early-browning virus (72), Tomato black ring virus (70), and Arabis mosaic virus (60). One of the viruses, Tobacco ringspot virus was not assessed because it was already reported as present in Zambia. The information from this assessment will guide a number of interventions aimed at preventing the introduction of nematode species that may become invasive or prevent the spread of already introduced species.
Aminopeptidase O Protein Mediates the association between Lachnospiraceae and Appendicular Lean Mass
Authors: Gao Bingjun , Zhou Zhonghua , Chen Junfei , Zhang Shengling , Jin Shaobin , Yang Weiwei , Lei Yinghan , Wang Kunyao , Li Jinxu , Zhuang Yan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: Investigating the causal relationship between Lachnospiraceae and Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and identifying and quantifying the role of Aminopeptidase O Protein (AOPEP) as a potential mediator.
Methods: The summary statistics data of gut microbiota composition from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen Consortium(n=13,266). Appendicular lean mass data were obtained from the UK-Biobank (n=450,243). We conducted bidirectional two-sample MR analysis using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between Lachnospiraceae and ALM. Additionally, we employed a drug-targeted MR approach to assess the causal relationship between AOPEP and ALM. Finally, a two-step MR was employed to quantitatively estimate the proportion of the effect of Lachnospiraceae on ALM that is mediated by AOPEP. Cochran's Q statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity among instrumental variable estimates.
Results: In the MR analysis, it was found that an increase in genetically predicted Lachnospiraceae(OR=1.031, 95% CI [1.011-1.051], p=0.002) is associated with an increase in ALM. There is no strong evidence to suggest that genetically predicted ALM has an impact on Lachnospiraceae genus (OR=1.437, 95% CI [0.785-2.269], p=0.239). The proportion of genetically predicted Lachnospiraceae mediated by AOPEP was 34.2% (95%CI 1.3%−67.1%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our research has established a causal relationship between Lachnospiraceae and ALM, with a small portion of the effect being mediated by AOPEP. However, much of the impact of Lachnospiraceae on ALM remains unclear. Further research is needed to explore other potential mediators and risk factors. In clinical practice, individuals with reduced abundance of Lachnospiraceae in their gut microbiota should receive increased attention with regard to appendicular lean mass.
Natural Substances to Protect Potatoes Against Potato Blight (Phytophthora Infestans)
Authors: Procházka Pavel , Holejšovský Jiří , Řehoř Jan , Vostřel Jan , Brant Vaclav , Poděbradská Markéta , Frankova Adela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, increasing political and societal pressure to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides has become a topical issue for farmers and producers worldwide. There is a growing demand for the development of alternative plant protection products (PPP) that will be less harmful to the environment and humans. Plant biologically active substances represent one of the alternatives. Unfortunately, their registration as PPP and subsequent introduction to the market is quite difficult. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four natural substances (Alginure – seaweed extract, Wetcit – orange essential oil, thyme essential oil, and a hop extract) against Phytophthora infestans under field conditions. Specifically, their effect on plant health status, relative chlorophyll content, and yield parameters was determined. The research was carried out on two locations between 2019 and 2021. The efficiency of selected natural plant protection substances (in concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 1%) was comparable to that of conventional fungicides. Their application reduced traditional fungicides by 14 to 64%, depending on the locality. Moreover, the potato plants treated with the natural substances showed a higher overall and marketable tuber yield.
A single-domain antibody for the detection of pathological Tau protein in the early stages of oligomerization
Authors: de Leiris Nicolas , PERRET Pascale , LOMBARDI Charlotte , GOZEL Bülent , CHIERICI Sabine , MILLET Philippe , DEBIOSSAT Marlène , BACOT Sandrine , CHAMES Patrick , LENORMAND Jean-Luc , GHEZZI Catherine , FAGRET Daniel , MOULIN Marcelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Soluble oligomeric forms of Tau protein have emerged as crucial players in the propagation of Tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our objective is to introduce a single-domain antibody (sdAb) named 2C5 as a novel radiotracer for the efficient detection and longitudinal monitoring of oligomeric Tau species in the human brain.
Methods
The development and production of 2C5 involved llama immunization with the largest human Tau isoform oligomers of different maturation states. Subsequently, 2C5 underwent comprehensive in vitro characterization for affinity and specificity via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and immunohistochemistry on human brain slices. Technetium-99m was employed to radiolabel 2C5, followed by its administration to healthy mice for biodistribution analysis.
Results
2C5 exhibited robust binding affinity towards Tau oligomers (Kd = 6.280 nM ± 0.557) and to Tau fibers (Kd = 5.024 nM ± 0.453), with relatively weaker binding observed for native Tau protein (Kd = 1791 nM ± 8.714) and amyloid peptide (Kd > 10000 nM). Remarkably, this SdAb facilitated immuno-histological labeling of pathological forms of Tau in neurons and neuritic plaques, yielding a high-contrast outcome in AD patients, closely mirroring the performance of reference antibodies AT8 and T22. Furthermore, 2C5 SdAb was successfully radiolabeled with 99mTc, preserving stability for up to 6 hours post-radiolabeling (radiochemical purity > 93%). However, following intravenous injection into healthy mice, the predominant uptake occurred in kidneys, amounting to 115.32 ± 3.67, 97.70 ± 43.14 and 168.20 ± 34.52% of injected dose per gram (% ID/g) at 5, 10 and 45 minutes respectively. Conversely, brain uptake remained minimal at all measured time points, registering at 0.17 ± 0.03, 0.12 ± 0.07 and 0.02 ± 0.01% ID/g at 5, 10 and 45 min post-injection respectively.
Conclusion
2C5 demonstrates excellent affinity and specificity for pathological Tau oligomers, particularly in their early stages of oligomerization. However, the current limitation of insufficient blood-brain barrier penetration necessitates further modifications before considering its application in nuclear medicine imaging for humans.
The Added Value of Low-Dose CT to SPECT V/Q Scan in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Mohamed Yahya Ali , Ahmed Tawakol , El_Sayed Yasser Ahmed , Taymour Takeya A. , Badawy Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to compare the known V/Q images that carried out as traditional planar scintigraphy using Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (modified PIOPED II) interpretation criteria to the potential benefit and diagnostic ability of combining Low Dose-CT to perfusion SPECT, without contrast agent administration, for the detection of pulmonary embolism (PE).
Material and methods
Eighty-one patients presented with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary embolism. In all 81 cases, planar perfusion lung scans with SPECT/CT were conducted, whereas complementing planar ventilation was performed in 27 cases. SPECT/CT findings in all cases made the diagnosis based on the segmental and sub-segmental perfusion defects regarding the 2009 EANM guideline for PE diagnosis. V/Q scans were compared to SPECT/CT findings for 27 patients according to Modified PIOPED II.
Results
Among the normal perfusion cases with no defect by planar scan, 48 patients (59.3%) still entirely normal on SPECT. SPECT add small segmental defects in 16 patients (19.8%), 2 patients of them converted from low to high probability for PE. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of defects discovered throughout the whole research group when compared to planar scan indicates that SPECT has added value in defect detection. In the diagnosis of PE, lung perfusion scintigraphy paired with CT conducted by hybrid SPECT/CT gamma cameras offers a good diagnostic effectiveness. SPECT/CT was shown to be more accurate than planar scintigraphy, with a sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 85.7%, and accuracy of 92.6%.
Conclusions
Including low-dose CT in lung perfusion SPECT demonstrated increased diagnostic utility of perfusion scan with enhanced negative predictive value to rule out PE. The use of low-dose CT improves the test's diagnostic yield by providing information on other diseases that explain the presenting symptoms. Specificity is increased, allowing a single imaging technique to detect PE with high accuracy while also ruling out other possible causes of chest discomfort and SOB.
Associations among albumin-bilirubin grade, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and exercise
Authors: Xu jinglun , Wang Zhe , Meng Zi-Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is suggested as an alternative terminology to the previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite its introduction, the relationships between MAFLD, non-MAFLD, and the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, an indicator of liver dysfunction, are yet to be thoroughly understood. This research delves into these relationships and strives to pinpoint factors that might contribute to a favorable prognosis. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, this investigation examined data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, focusing on American adults aged 20 and above. The findings revealed a notably elevated incidence of liver dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with MAFLD. This elevated risk was particularly pronounced in females under the age of 65. Delving deeper with a multivariate logistic regression approach, it was discerned that high levels of physical activity inversely correlated with hepatic dysfunction, especially in MAFLD patients without cirrhosis manifestation. The conclusions drawn from this research underscore that MAFLD-diagnosed patients face a more daunting hepatic outlook compared to their non-MAFLD counterparts and healthy controls. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of regular physical activity in forestalling hepatic dysfunction in non-cirrhotic MAFLD patients stands affirmed.