bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Magnetoelectric Shape Recognition Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Hu Xichen , Liu Xianhu , Ikkala Olli , Peng Bo 
Published: February 2025

Functionalized particles ranging from nanoscale to microscale and their assemblies have facilitated a wide variety of sensing concepts, from molecular‐scale chemical and biological detection to large‐scale engineering defect testing. Related to macroscopic object shape sensing, visual recognition is generally the most versatile approach whenever possible. However, under certain conditions where visual perception is hindered, for example, dark space or underwater, electrosensing can serve as an alternative sensation manner. Inspired by this concept, the sensing of rudimentary object shapes using electrically conductive, soft ferromagnetic Ni particles is demonstrated, herein denoted as colloidal magnetoelectric shape recognition. By confining the target and sensory particles between two planar electrodes and using a magnetic field to drive the particles toward object edges, changes in electrical conductivity are monitored. Machine learning is then used to resolve the exact object shapes with high fidelity. This study introduces a colloidal magnetoelectric shape recognition strategy for short‐range shape sensing, with potential applications suggested for the fields such as soft robotics, drug delivery, and biomedical diagnostics.
Mapping the Foreign Investments (OFDI) From Emerging Economies Toward Developed Nations: A Consequential Convergence of Investment Outflows and the OLI Paradigm
Authors: Nomani Abuzar , Rithi S. R. , Negi Raghuveer 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA fascinating insight we present in this research is what instigated the flow of outward FDI from emerging economies (EE) to developed nations by employing the O‐L‐I framework. Here, we offer the novelty of our research through earlier studies that only used the O‐L‐I framework to understand the genesis of FDI outflow from developed nations (DN) to developing/emerging economies. The mapping of investment patterns from EE materialized in 3‐D (EE to DN, EE to EE, and DN to EE) by incorporating country‐specific ownership, location, and internalization advantages. Twenty years of panel data have been used from nine countries. We used pooled OLS, random‐effects, and fixed‐effect models to understand the cause–effect relationship. Our findings exhibit that technological advancement, infrastructure, and economic stability are the major drivers for outward investment flow from one nation to another. In addition, patents and infrastructure can initiate the outward flow of FDI from emerging countries to developed countries.
Copper‐doped ZnO‐chitin‐cellulose mesoporous nanostructures for enhanced structural, optoelectronic, and antimicrobial efficacy
Authors: El Nahrawy Amany M. , Seddeek M. K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study shows the development and characterization of innovative mesoporous Cu‐doped ZnO‐chitin‐cellulose nanostructures, leveraging a semi‐dissolved chitin templating approach to reinforce their structural and functional properties. This innovative approach enhances the structural and functional properties of the composites, demonstrating significant advancements in optoelectronic and antimicrobial performance. FTIR peaks at 971, 787, 621, and 482 cm−1 suggest metal‐oxygen vibrations and interactions between Zn, Cu ions, and functional groups in the chitin‐cellulose matrix. The chitin‐cellulose and ZnO‐chitin‐cellulose composite were influenced by the presence of Cu ions, by the appearance of absorption peaks at 240 and 303 nm. Incorporating Zn and ZnCu ions altered the composite's bandgap, reducing it from 3.6 to 2.75 eV, thereby enhancing its optical properties. Band gap analysis manifests a decrease in energy gap attributed to Cu doping and the interaction between Cu‐3d and O‐2p states. The antimicrobial efficacy of chitin‐cellulose composites loaded with Zn and ZnCu was significantly enhanced compared to the unloaded samples, with the loaded composites achieving nanoparticle sizes ranging from 26 to 32 nm, respectively. Significant antibacterial activity was observed, with zones of inhibition measured at 26–29 ± 1 mm for E. coli, 29–30 ± 1 mm for B. subtilis, 26–24 ± 1 mm for C. albicans, and 30–32 mm ± 1 for A. fumigatus. The addition of Cu‐doped ZnO into the chitin‐cellulose matrix significantly enhances the composite's surface area, band gap, photonic activity, and antimicrobial activity, further amplifying its functionality. These advanced properties position the materials as highly suitable for diverse critical applications, including active packaging, drug delivery systems, optoelectronic, and UV shielding solutions.Highlights
Innovative mesopores Copper@ ZnO‐Chitin‐Cellulose nanostructures.
Nanoparticle ratios influence the properties of chitin‐cellulose nanostructures.
Cu@ ZnO enhances absorption and decreases the band gap, providing strong UV protection.
Bioactive mesoporous structures display strong antimicrobial efficacy for biomedical use.
Theological Journals Between Professionalisation and Cooperation: Navigating the High-Low Distinction Between Editorial Boards and Non-academic Contributors in Germany, 1828–1870
Authors: Smits Johan C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Theological journals were an important stage for negotiating the high–low distinction between academic and non-academic scholars. This chapter examines three German theological journals (1828–1870), focussing on the interactions between their editorial boards and non-academic scholars. The fates of these journals, the Theologische Studien und Kritiken, the Deutsche Zeitschrift für christliche Wissenschaft und christliches Leben and the Jahrbücher für deutsche Theologie, give valuable insight into both the attempted professionalisation of academic theology and the impossibility of fully disentangling it from non-academic scholarship. The chapter argues that the involvement of non-academic contributors was integral to the journals’ inception plans. Over the years, some non-academic contributors, primarily those from the clergy or involved in education, developed an impressive activity in the journals’ content. This chapter seeks to assess the motivations of these authors through an analysis of their publications. It concludes with case studies from the editorial correspondence of the Theologische Studien und Kritiken to illustrate the tensions between maintaining academic standards and incorporating contributions from scholars outside academia.
“He teaches me so I can teach”: Revivalism and Protestant Laywomen in 19th-Century Italy
Authors: Popa Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the 19th century, religious awakenings transformed popular culture in both the Protestant United Kingdom and the United States, as well as in Catholic Italy. Yet very little is known about Protestant laywomen’s experiences in Catholic countries. This archival-research-based chapter first frames the revival in the Waldensian Church following the Italian Unification, then the roles Italian women played in the 19th-century revivals. It then focuses on the conversion story and life of a schoolteacher and Bible Woman, Giuseppina Pusterla (1827–1913). By focusing on this case study, the chapter proposes that laywomen experienced religious self-empowerment through the act of conversion, which was ignited by a personal Bible reading in vernacular Italian. According to Giuseppina Pusterla, a converted Waldensian, appropriating the Bible for herself enabled her to break free from institutionalised Catholicism and resist subsequent persecution. The chapter also suggests that laywomen manifested emancipatory impulses, yet without directly addressing emancipation. Drawing inspiration from the Bible, Giuseppina Pusterla broke with stereotypical gender roles by teaching children and adults, evangelising both men and women and engaging in debates with male clergy.
WD Detector: deep learning-based hybrid sensor design for wood defect detection
Authors: Kılıç Kenan , Kılıç Kazım , Doğru İbrahim Alper , Özcan Uğur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The fast-growing human demands in the world are leading to the expansion of industrialization. As wooden materials are increasingly used in industrial settings, detecting defects in wood has become crucial. Wood defects adversely affect the quality and durability of materials. A wood defect detection method, named WD Detector, is proposed in this study to identify wood defects. There are 18,284 defective wood surface images and 1,992 undefect wood images in a dataset of 20,276 wood images used for wood defect detection. 12 different classical machine learning algorithms are used to classify wood defects after extracting features from images with various CNNs and transfer learning approaches. In this study, feature extraction is performed by training the Xception CNN model. Once the features are extracted, classical machine learning algorithms are used to classify the wood defects. For the first time, a deep learning-based hybrid sensor design has been implemented on this dataset for wood defect detection. WD Detector achieved 99.32% accuracy in detecting wood surface defects using the new method. The success of this study’s method in detecting wood defects is believed to pave the way for future studies.
The impact of circadian rhythm disruption on oxaliplatin tolerability and pharmacokinetics in Cry1−/−Cry2−/− mice under constant darkness
Authors: Akyel Yasemin Kubra , Seyhan Narin Ozturk , Gül Şeref , Çelik Melis , Taşkın Ali Cihan , Selby Christopher P. , Sancar Aziz , Kavakli Ibrahim Halil , Okyar Alper 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Circadian rhythms, the 24-h oscillations of biological activities guided by the molecular clock, play a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes in organisms. The intricate relationship between the loss of circadian rhythm and its influence on the tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of anticancer drugs is poorly understood. In our study, we investigated the effects of oxaliplatin, a commonly used anticancer drug, on Cry1

−/−
and Cry2

−/−
mice (Cry DKO mice) under darkness conditions, where they exhibit free-running phenotype. We administered oxaliplatin at a dosage of 12 mg/kg/day at two distinct circadian times, CT8 and CT16, under constant darkness conditions to Cry DKO mice and their wild type littermates. Our results revealed a striking disparity in oxaliplatin tolerance between Cry DKO mice and their wild-type counterparts. Oxaliplatin exhibited severe toxicity in Cry DKO mice at both CT8 and CT16, in contrast to the wild type mice. Pharmacokinetic analyses suggested that such toxicity was a result of high concentrations of oxaliplatin in the serum and liver of Cry DKO mice after repeated dose injections. To understand the molecular basis of such intolerance, we performed RNA-seq studies using mouse livers. Our findings from the RNA-seq analysis highlighted the substantial impact of circadian rhythm disruption on gene expression, particularly affecting genes involved in detoxification and xenobiotic metabolism, such as the Gstm gene family. This dysregulation in detoxification pathways in Cry DKO mice likely contributes to the increased toxicity of oxaliplatin. In conclusion, our study highlights the crucial role of an intact molecular clock in dictating the tolerability of oxaliplatin. These findings emphasize the necessity of considering circadian rhythms in the administration of anticancer drugs, providing valuable insights into optimizing treatment strategies for cancer patients.
Exploring the effects of adolescent social isolation stress on the serotonin system and ethanol-motivated behaviors
Authors: McElroy Bryan D. , Li Chen , McCloskey Nicholas S. , Alberici Amber R. , Kirby Lynn G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Rationale
Alcohol is one of the most frequently used drugs of abuse and has a major impact on human health worldwide. People assigned female at birth and those with adverse childhood experiences are stress-vulnerable and more likely to report drinking as a means of “self-medication.” Prior studies in our laboratory showed that adolescent social isolation stress (SIS) increases vulnerability to ethanol (EtOH) intake and consumption despite negative consequences in female rats.

Objectives
Here, we explored modulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-serotonin (5-HT) system, a sexually dimorphic neurotransmitter system involved in stress-reward interactions, to determine its contribution to EtOH-motivated behaviors in rats that have undergone SIS.

Results
We employed electrophysiological and functional neuroanatomy strategies to show that both SIS and EtOH exposure induce persistent hypofunction of the DRN 5-HT system, particularly in females. Chemogenetic activation of DRN 5-HT neurons attenuated reward value for both EtOH and sucrose and elevated punished responding for EtOH in a stress-dependent manner.

Conclusions
Our results highlight an inverse relationship between EtOH consumption and the 5-HT system, the sex- and stress-dependent nature of this relationship, and a connection between DRN 5-HT signaling and acute responding to rewards and punishment. These data support the DRN 5-HT system as a potential target to treat aberrant alcohol consumption and drinking despite negative consequences in stress-vulnerable populations.
An in-depth comparison of vascular inflammation on ultrasound, FDG-PET/CT and MRI in patients with suspected giant cell arteritis
Authors: van Nieuwland Marieke , Nienhuis Pieter H. , Haagsma Cees , van der Geest Kornelis S. M. , Wagenaar Nils R. L. , Appelman Auke P. A. , Vijlbrief Onno D. , van Bon Lenny , Colin Edgar M. , Brouwer Elisabeth , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Alves Celina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a difficult to diagnose large vessel vasculitis. CDUS, FDG-PET/CT and MRI are increasingly used for GCA diagnosis. This study aims to assess vascular wall lesions in GCA suspected patients, directly comparing CDUS, FDG-PET/CT and MRI with each other.

Methods
In a nested-case control study, consecutive GCA suspected patients were included. Scans were retrospectively assessed by two experts per imaging modality. Inter- and intraobserver agreement using Cohen’s or Fleiss Kappa were calculated to assess agreement between experts, a few duplicated scans and between imaging modalities. Sensitivity and specificity of the imaging modalities for overall diagnostic performance and for individual arteries were calculated.

Results
In total, 42 patients were included. Overall diagnostic performance of imaging modalities was comparable. Sensitivity and specificity were highest in the temporal artery for CDUS (76% and 93%; Kappa > 0.7) and MRI (60% and 100%; Kappa > 0.7), and in the vertebral (61% and 100%; Kappa 0.56) and maxillary artery (52% and 100%; Kappa 0.75) for FDG-PET/CT. Agreement between all modalities for a positive temporal artery was 0.76, but only 0.28 between CDUS and FDG-PET/CT. Agreement for the axillary artery was 0.7 between CDUS and FDG-PET/CT.

Conclusion
The temporal artery can be assessed by CDUS and MRI with good sensitivity and high specificity, and the axillary artery by CDUS and FDG-PET/CT with high agreement between the two modalities. In addition, the vertebral and maxillary artery can be assessed by FDG-PET/CT with good sensitivity and specificity, however the vertebral artery had moderate interobserver agreement.
Beta-tricalcium phosphate combined with native bone proteins (β-TCP - NBP): a novel bone graft substitute for ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis
Authors: Leppilahti Juhana , Kuoppala Mari , Sirola Timo , Kolodziej Lukasz , Ahonen Katri , Aulamo Mikko , Niinimäki Jaakko , Jalovaara Pekka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this prospective, multi-centre study was to assess the performance and safety of a combination of osteoconductive β-tricalcium phosphate and osteoinductive native bone proteins (β-TCP - NBP) used as alternative for autograft in ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis.

Methods
Thirty-four patients enrolled underwent ankle or hindfoot arthrodesis with β-TCP - NBP and were evaluated radiographically, clinically, and functionally up to fifty-two weeks. The primary performance endpoint was fusion rate evaluated with CT at six months. Safety was assessed based on the severity and incidence of adverse events. Functional evaluation was performed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and pain was recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Results
CT at 6 months showed that 85.3% had osseous bridging of the joint of ≥ 25%, 52.9% ≥50%, 8.8% <25% and 5.9% showed no bridging. The AOFAS score increased significantly from 60.4 ± 17.6 points at operation to 68.6 ± 17.2 points at six months and to 73.5 ± 17.7 points at 12 months. The group with fusion rate ≥25% showed significantly higher AOFAS score than that with fusion rate < 25% at 12 months. The mean VAS pain score at rest and during weight bearing decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) from operation to six and 12 months.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that β-TCP - NBP is a valuable bone graft substitute for fusion of ankle and hindfoot due to debilitating osteoarthritis and offers an alternative for autograft.

Level of evidence
Level II.
Enhancing endurance performance predictions: the role of movement velocity in metabolic simulations demonstrated by cycling cadence
Authors: Dunst Anna Katharina , Hesse Clemens , Ueberschär Olaf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mader’s mathematical model, widely employed for endurance performance prediction, aims to accurately represent metabolic response to exercise. However, it traditionally overlooks dynamic changes in metabolic processes at varying movement velocities.

Methods
This narrative review examined the effect of cycling cadence on its key input parameters, including oxygen demand per Watt (

$$\text{CE}_{{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O2}}$$

CE

V
˙

O2

), resting oxygen uptake (

$${{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O}_{\text{2Base}}}$$

V
˙

O
2Base

), maximal oxygen uptake (

$${{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

), and maximal blood lactate accumulation rate (vLamax). These findings were integrated into the model to assess cadence-induced variations in predicted power output at maximal aerobic power (MAP), maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), and peak fat oxidation (FATmax).

Results
A U-shaped relationship was found between cadence and both

$$\text{CE}_{{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O2}}$$

CE

V
˙

O2

and

$${{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O}_{\text{2Base}}}$$

V
˙

O
2Base

, while

$${{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

remained largely cadence-independent within typical cadences. vLamax exhibited a polynomial increase with cadence, attributed to changes in lactate elimination, suggesting cadence-independent maximal glycolytic flux. Incorporating these findings into Mader’s model considering various scenarios revealed significant cadence-induced variations, with power output differences of up to > 100 W. Using cadence-dependent

$$\text{CE}_{{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O2}}$$

CE

V
˙

O2

and

$${{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O}_{\text{2Base}}}$$

V
˙

O
2Base

while maintaining constant

$${{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

and vLamax yielded polynomial power output-cadence relationships, with optimal cadences of 84 rpm at MAP, 80 rpm at MLSS, and 70 rpm at FATmax. Incorporating cadence-dependent vLamax produced implausible results, supporting cadence-independent maximal glycolytic flux. A hypothesized cadence-dependent

$${{\dot{\text{V}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

improved alignment between model predictions and empirical data.

Conclusion
Neglecting dynamic changes in metabolic processes across different movement velocities can lead to inaccurate modelling results. Incorporating cadence alongside established parameters enhances the precision of Mader’s metabolic model for cycling performance prediction.

Graphical abstract
The impact of PD-L1 polymorphisms on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors depends on the tumor proportion score: a retrospective study
Authors: Suminaga Keiichiro , Nomizo Takashi , Yoshida Hironori , Ozasa Hiroaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to clarify the relationship between rs2282055, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and TPS. Polcaro et al. (2024) showed that rs822336, a SNP in PD-L1, predicts the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the study did not show a relationship between rs822336 and the tumor proportion score (TPS), which is currently used as a primary marker. Therefore, we examined this relationship.

Method
Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer at Kyoto University Hospital until January 2023, with TPS data and biological specimens available for SNP measurement, were eligible for this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. We used rs2282055, which is in linkage disequilibrium with rs822336, instead of rs822336, because of its distribution in the Asian patient population. We retrospectively extracted data on age, sex, smoking history, driver mutations, TPS, progression-free survival (PFS), and best response to ICI from medical records.

Result
The rs2282055 T/T genotype was associated with significantly better PFS in the TPS-negative population than in the other genotypes. In contrast, no differences were observed in TPS-positive patients.

Conclusion
The rs2282055 genotype may help in selecting cases from the TPS-negative patient population that may benefit from ICI therapy.