bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myths and Common Misbeliefs About Colorectal Cancer Causation in Palestine: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Naji Shoruq Ahmed , Dwikat Mohammad Fuad , Al-Slaibi Ibrahim , Alser Mohammed , Ayyad Mohammed , Mohamad Balqees Mustafa , Isleem Wejdan Sudki , Shurrab Adela , Yaghi Bashar , Qabaja Yahya Ayyash , Hamdan Fatma Khader , Sweity Raneen Raed , Jneed Remah Tayseer , Assaf Khayria Ali , Albandak Maram Elena , Hmaid Mohammed Madhat , Awwad Iyas Imad , Alhabil Belal Khalil , Alarda Marah Naser , Alsattari Amani Saleh , Aboyousef Moumen Sameer , Aljbour Omar Abdallah , AlSharif Rinad , Giacaman Christy Teddy , Alnaga Ali Younis , Abu Nemer Ranin Mufid , Almadhoun Nada Mahmoud , Skaik Sondos Mahmoud , Bottcher Bettina , Abu-El-Noor Nasser 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE To explore public awareness of myths around colorectal cancer (CRC) causation in Palestine and to examine factors associated with good awareness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Convenience sampling was used to recruit adult Palestinians from governmental hospitals, primary health care centers, and public spaces. Recognizing 13 myths around CRC causation was assessed using a translated-into-Arabic version of the Cancer Awareness Measure-Mythical Causes Scale. Awareness level was determined based on the number of CRC mythical causes recognized: poor (0-4), fair (5-9), and good (10-13). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and displaying good awareness. It adjusted for age group, sex, education, occupation, monthly income, residence, marital status, having chronic diseases, being a vegetarian, knowing someone with cancer, and site of data collection. RESULTS Of 5,254 participants approached, 4,877 agreed to participate (response rate, 92.3%). A total of 4,623 questionnaires were included in the final analysis: 2,700 from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ) and 1,923 from the Gaza Strip. Only 219 participants (4.7%) demonstrated good awareness of myths around CRC causation. WBJ participants were twice more likely than those from the Gaza Strip to display good recognition (5.9% v 3.1%). Male sex, living in the WBJ, and visiting hospitals were all associated with an increase in the likelihood of displaying good awareness. Conversely, knowing someone with cancer was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of displaying good awareness. Having a physical trauma was the most recognized CRC causation myth (n = 2,752, 59.5%), whereas eating food containing additives was the least (n = 456, 9.8%). CONCLUSION Only 4.7% displayed good ability to recognize myths around CRC causation. Future educational interventions are needed to help the public distinguish the evidence-based versus mythical causes of CRC.
Quantum control by effective counterdiabatic driving
Authors: Petiziol Francesco , Mintert Florian , Wimberger Sandro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We review a scheme for the systematic design of quantum control protocols based on shortcuts to adiabaticity in few-level quantum systems. The adiabatic dynamics is accelerated by introducing high-frequency modulations in the control Hamiltonian, which mimic a time-dependent counterdiabatic correction. We present a number of applications for the high-fidelity realization of quantum state transfers and quantum gates based on effective counterdiabatic driving, in platforms ranging from superconducting circuits to Rydberg atoms.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Prolactinomas in Children and Adolescents: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Yiying , Ke Xiaoan , Duan Lian , Yang Hongbo , Gong Fengying , Pan Hui , Wang Linjie , Zhu Huijuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Prolactinoma, the most common subtype of pituitary adenoma, is rare in children and adolescents. Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of prolactinomas in this population have been evaluated insufficiently.

Objective
To summarize the clinical features, both medication and surgical outcomes of prolactinomas in children and adolescents in a large retrospective cohort from China.

Methods
A cohort of patients with prolactinomas aged ≤20 years at diagnosis between 2012 and 2021 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
The cohort comprised 170 patients (115 females and 55 males, median age 16.6 years), with 20.0% (23/115) girls without menarche and 33.3% (18/54) boys in prepuberty. The median maximal diameter was 15.0 mm (61.2% macroadenomas and 4.6% giant adenomas), and the median baseline prolactin (PRL) level was 211.0 ng/mL. Larger sizes and higher PRL levels were observed in girls without menarche at diagnosis and in boys. Most girls presented with menstrual disturbance (86.7%), and boys were frequently bothered by headaches (42.6%), reduced height velocities (25.9%), and delayed puberty (18.2%). Dopamine agonists (DAs) were used as first-line treatment in 133 patients, and the resistance rate was 22.5% (25/111), independently associated with maximal tumor diameters (P = .035). Surgery was performed in 76 patients. Long-term surgical remission rates were 32.9% (25/76) overall, negatively associated with cavernous sinus invasion independently (P = .025), 59.4% (19/32) in noninvasive tumors (64.0% in 25 noninvasive macroadenomas), and 5.0% (1/20) in invasive tumors.

Conclusion
Pediatric prolactinomas exhibited more severe clinical characteristics in boys and in patients diagnosed during earlier stages of pubertal developments. Given the overall efficacy of PRL normalization by medication and considerable surgical remission rate in noninvasive tumors, DAs remain the first-line recommendation for prolactinomas in children and adolescents, while surgery might be viable for noninvasive tumors.
KNDy Neurons of the Hypothalamus and Their Role in GnRH Pulse Generation: an Update
Authors: Moore Aleisha M , Novak Alyssa G , Lehman Michael N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
There is considerable evidence that synchronized activity within a reciprocally connected population of cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) coexpressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (KNDy cells) is crucial for the generation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses in mammals. The initial “KNDy hypothesis” proposed that pulsatile GnRH secretion is elicited by episodic kisspeptin release from KNDy cells following synchronized activation and termination of the population by NKB and dynorphin, respectively. Since then, the role of KNDy cells as a critical component of the pulse generator has been further supported by studies at the single-cell level, demonstrating that the population is both necessary and sufficient for pulsatility. In addition, there have been considerable modifications and expansion of the original hypothesis, including work demonstrating the critical role of glutamate in synchronization of the KNDy cell network, functional interactions with other ARC subpopulations, and the existence of species differences in the role of dynorphin in pulse generation. Here we review these recent changes and discuss how the translation of these findings has led to the development of new therapies for disorders related to pulse generation. We also outline critical gaps in knowledge that are currently limiting the application of KNDy research in the clinic, particularly regarding the role of dynorphin in pulse generation in primates.
Invasive Testing for Preoperative Localization of Parathyroid Tumors
Authors: Graf Akua , Cochran Craig , Sadowski Samira , Nilubol Naris , Simonds William F , Weinstein Lee S , Chang Richard , Jha Smita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
The identification of parathyroid tumor(s) in patients with persistent/recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is critical for a successful reoperative surgery. If noninvasive studies (ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, sestamibi) fail to conclusively localize the tumor, invasive procedures (arteriography and selective venous sampling) are performed.

Objective
To describe our experience with invasive studies for parathyroid tumor localization and provide follow-up data on selective arterial hypocalcemic stimulation with central venous sampling, a technique developed at our center.

Methods
We identified patients who underwent preoperative invasive testing for localization of parathyroid tumor from 1991 to 2020. The result of each invasive localization study [arteriogram, hypocalcemic stimulation and selective venous sampling (SVS)] was categorized as true-positive, false-positive, and false-negative based on histology and biochemical outcome.

Results
Ninety-four patients with 96 tumor occurrences underwent invasive testing for parathyroid tumor localization. Arteriogram, hypocalcemic stimulation, and SVS accurately localized the tumor in 47 of 94 (50%), 56 of 93 (60%), and 51 of 62 (82%) tumors, respectively. Hypocalcemic stimulation was more likely to correctly localize the tumor when arteriogram showed a blush [37 of 50 (74%) vs 19 of 43 (44%), P = .01]. When both arteriogram and hypocalcemic stimulation yielded concordant positive findings, SVS did not change management in the 18 cases in which all 3 were performed. Twelve patients remained with persistent PHPT; all had recurrent disease with multiple affected glands.

Conclusion
Hypocalcemic stimulation is a useful adjunct in patients with PHPT who require invasive localization and can obviate the need for SVS.
Clinical Trial number: NCT04969926
RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration
Authors: Olson Hannah M. , Maxfield Amanda , Calistri Nicholas L. , Heiser Laura M. , Qian Weiyi , Knaut Holger , Nechiporuk Alex V. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organs. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we investigated the role of the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb in rosette morphogenesis. The pLLP is a group of ∼150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This resulted in an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are properly polarized. In contrast, RhoA activity, as well as signaling components downstream of RhoA, Rock2a and non-muscle Myosin II, were diminished apically. Thus, Mcf2lb-dependent RhoA activation maintains the integrity of epithelial rosettes.
Congestive ischemic colitis successfully treated with anti-inflammatory therapy: A case report
Authors: Lee Geon Woo , Park Su Bum 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Congestive ischemic colitis is a rare subtype of ischemic colitis with an unknown pathophysiology. Excluding conservative management, such as fasting, no established treatment exists; therefore, surgical intervention should be considered in some cases if symptoms worsen. Current literature suggests that anti-inflammatory agents may effectively treat congestive ischemic colitis.
CASE SUMMARY
We present the case of a 68-year-old female patient who underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomy for transverse colon cancer 3 years ago. Postoperatively, follow-up included an annual colonoscopy and abdominal computed tomography (CT) at a local clinic. However, progressive erythema and edema of the sigmoid colon were observed 1 year postoperatively. Upon admission to our hospital, she complained of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Abdominal CT showed thickening of the sigmoid colon walls, and colonoscopy revealed erythema, edema, and multiple ulcers with exudate in the sigmoid colon. CT angiography showed engorgement of the sigmoid vasa recta without any vascular abnormalities. The diagnosis was congestive ischemic colitis, and we treated the patient with anti-inflammatory agents. After 2 mo of glucocorticoid therapy (20 mg once daily) and 7 mo of 5-aminosalicylate therapy (1 g twice daily), the ulcers completely healed. She has not experienced any recurrence for 2 years.
CONCLUSION
Anti-inflammatory therapy, specifically glucocorticoids and 5-aminosalicylate, has demonstrated promising efficacy and introduces potential novel treatment options for congestive ischemic colitis.
Lung imaging characteristics in a patient infected with Elizabethkingia miricola following cerebral hemorrhage surgery: A case report
Authors: Qi Ping-Qiang , Zeng Yi-Jun , Peng Wei , Kuai Juan 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Elizabethkingia miricola is a non-fermenting gram-negative bacterium, which was first isolated from the condensate of the Russian peace space station in 2003. Most studies on this bacterium have been carried out in the laboratory, and clinical case studies are rare. To date, a total of 6 clinical cases have been reported worldwide.
CASE SUMMARY
We present the first case of postoperative pulmonary infection in a patient with intracerebral hemorrhage due to Elizabethkingia miricola . The imaging characteristics of pulmonary infection were identified and the formulation and selection of the clinical treatment plan for this patient are discussed.
CONCLUSION
Elizabethkingia miricola infection is rare. When pulmonary infection occurs, computed tomography imaging may show diffuse distribution of a ground glass density shadow in both lungs, the air containing bronchial sign in local areas, thickening of bronchial vascular bundle, and pleural effusion.
Gastric IgG4-related disease mimicking a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a child: A case report
Authors: Lin Hsin-Chia Angela , Lee Kam-Fai , Huang Tzu Hao 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Gastric IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is rarely encountered in clinical practice, and especially more so among pediatric patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IgG4-RD presenting as a calcifying gastric mass in a child. We describe how this entity was difficult to differentiate from a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) imaging-based approaches. Therefore, this case highlights the importance of considering IgG4-RD in the differential diagnosis of gastric tumor before performing surgical resection, especially to distinguish it from malignancy to avoid unnecessary surgery.
CASE SUMMARY
The patient suffered from epigastric pain for several days. Panendoscopy and computed tomography scan revealed a submucosal tumor. Differential diagnoses included GIST, leiomyoma, teratoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma. However, laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy allowed for the definitive diagnosis of IgG4-related stomach disease.
CONCLUSION
We emphasize the importance of considering IgG4-RD in the differential diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors before performing surgical resection.
Intestinal malrotation complicated with gastric cancer: A case report
Authors: Jia Xiang-Hao , Kong Shuai , Gao Xin-Xin , Cong Bi-Cong , Zheng Chun-Ning 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital defect of embryonic development caused by various teratogenic factors. In this condition, the intestinal tube, along with the superior mesenteric artery serving as the axis for the counterclockwise movement, is incomplete or abnormally rotated due to incomplete attachment of the mesentery and abnormal intestinal tube position. Such a case is usually asymptomatic and thus difficult to detect. Therefore, similar variant malformations are only found during an operation required for other abdominal diseases.
CASE SUMMARY
An elderly male patient was admitted to the hospital due to gastric cancer. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed that the ascending and descending colon were parallel on the right side of the abdominal cavity, while the sigmoid colon extended into the right iliac fossa, allowing the diagnosis of congenital midgut malrotation. Following thorough preoperative preparation, the patient underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy to treat his gastric cancer. Intraoperatively, an exploration of the abdominal cavity uncovered the absence of the transverse colon. The distal colon at the hepatic flexure, along with the ascending colon, extended into the right iliac fossa, where it continued as the sigmoid colon. As planned, the laparoscopic radical gastrectomy was performed, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 7 d after the surgery.
CONCLUSION
Asymptomatic intestinal malrotation is best detected by CT, requiring no treatment but possibly interfering with the treatment of other diseases.
Natural history of asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinic without beds: A long-term prognosis over 10 years
Authors: Sakai Yuji , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Ohyama Hiroshi , Kumagai Junichiro , Kaiho Takashi , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kato Naoya , Sakai Tadao 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Several studies have explored the long-term prognosis of patients with asymptomatic gallbladder stones. These reports were primarily conducted in facilities equipped with beds for addressing symptomatic cases.
AIM
To report the long-term prognosis of patients with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without bed facilities.
METHODS
We investigated the prognoses of 237 patients diagnosed with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without beds between March 2010 and October 2022. When symptoms developed, patients were transferred to hospitals where appropriate treatment was possible. We investigated the asymptomatic and survival periods during the follow-up.
RESULTS
Among the 237 patients, 214 (90.3%) remained asymptomatic, with a mean asymptomatic period of 3898.9279 ± 46.871 d (50-4111 d, 10.7 years on average). Biliary complications developed in 23 patients (9.7%), with a mean survival period of 4010.0285 ± 31.2788 d (53-4112 d, 10.9 years on average). No patient died of biliary complications.
CONCLUSION
The long-term prognosis of asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without beds was favorable. When the condition became symptomatic, the patients were transferred to hospitals with beds that could address it; thus, no deaths related to biliary complications were reported. This finding suggests that follow-up care in clinics without beds is possible.
Efficacy and safety of Nafamostat mesylate in patients with end-stage renal failure
Authors: Liu Kun , Li Zhen-Hua 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Recent studies on dialysis anticoagulation therapy in patients with renal failure have shown that Nafamostat mesylate, a broad-spectrum potent serine protease inhibitor, has strong anticoagulation and anti-fiber activity.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nafamostat mesylate in patients with end-stage renal failure.
METHODS
Seventy-five patients with end-stage renal failure who received hemodialysis at our hospital between January 2020 and August 2021 were selected and divided into the observation group (Nafamostat mesylate for injection, n = 33) and control group (heparin sodium injection, n = 32). General patient data, indicators of clinical efficacy, dialyzer hemocoagulation parameters, coagulation function indices, and hemoglobin concentration and platelet count before and after treatment, and the occurrence of adverse reactions after treatment were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The two groups showed no significant differences in general patient data (P > 0.05). The post-treatment effectiveness rate in the control group was lower than that in the observation group (P < 0.05). The two groups showed no significant difference in the number of patients in grade I (P > 0.05), while the number of patients in grade 0 was lower in the control group, and the number of patients in grades II and III was higher in the control group (P < 0.05). The post-treatment prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and international normalized ratio values in the control group were higher than those in the observation group, while the fibrinogen level in the control group was lower than that in the observation group (P < 0.05). The two groups showed no significant difference in the platelet count and hemoglobin level before and after treatment (P > 0.05). The total number of post-treatment adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Treatment of patients showing end-stage renal failure with Nafamostat mesylate can significantly improve therapeutic efficacy and has high safety and clinical value.
Nursing effect of narrative nursing intervention on postoperative patients with severe lung cancer
Authors: Wen Bin , Liu Ying , Min Xiao-Xia , Wang An-Qi 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Lung cancer is a common disease with high mortality, and psychological support is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative patients with cancer pain.
AIM
To explore the application effect of the narrative nursing method in postoperative lung cancer patients in the intensive care unit.
METHODS
A total of 120 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and experiencing cancer-related pain were randomly allocated into two groups: an observation group and a control group, each consisting of 60 cases. The control group was given routine analgesic and psychological care, while the research group applied the five-step narrative nursing method based on routine care, comparing the visual analogue scale scores, sleep status, anxiety and depression status, and quality of life of the two groups of patients before and after the intervention.
RESULTS
The pain scores, anxiety scores, and depression scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group after the intervention using the narrative nursing method, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Using narrative nursing methods to intervene in patients with lung cancer combined with cancerous pain can help patients to correctly recognize their disease, adjust their mentality, establish confidence, alleviate patients' subjective pain feelings, and improve their adverse emotions.