bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework of NGO inside and outside strategies in the commercial determinants of health: findings from a narrative review
Authors: Townsend Belinda , Johnson Timothy D. , Ralston Rob , Cullerton Katherine , Martin Jane , Collin Jeff , Baum Fran , Arnanz Liz , Holmes Rodney , Friel Sharon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Public health scholarship has uncovered a wide range of strategies used by industry actors to promote their products and influence government regulation. Less is known about the strategies used by non-government organisations to attempt to influence commercial practices. This narrative review applies a political science typology to identify a suite of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ strategies used by NGOs to attempt to influence the commercial determinants of health.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search in Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they comprised an empirical study, explicitly sought to examine ‘NGOs’, were in English, and identified at least one NGO strategy aimed at commercial and/or government policy and practice.

Results
One hundred forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight industry sectors were identified: extractive, tobacco, food, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, weapons, textiles and asbestos, and a small number of general studies. We identified 18 types of NGO strategies, categorised according to the target (i.e. commercial actor or government actor) and type of interaction with the target (i.e. inside or outside). Of these, five NGO ‘inside’ strategies targeted commercial actors directly: 1) participation in partnerships and multistakeholder initiatives; 2) private meetings and roundtables; 3) engaging with company AGMs and shareholders; 4) collaborations other than partnerships; and 5) litigation. ‘Outside’ strategies targeting commercial actors through the mobilisation of public opinion included 1) monitoring and reporting; 2) protests at industry sites; 3) boycotts; 4) directly engaging the public; and 5) creative use of alternative spaces. Four NGO ‘inside’ strategies directly targeting government actors included: 1) lobbying; 2) drafting legislation, policies and standards; 3) providing technical support and training; and 4) litigation. NGO ‘outside’ strategies targeting government included 1) protests and public campaigns; 2) monitoring and reporting; 3) forum shifting; and 4) proposing and initiating alternative solutions. We identified three types of NGO impact: substantive, procedural, and normative.

Conclusion
The analysis presents a matrix of NGO strategies used to target commercial and government actors across a range of industry sectors. This framework can be used to guide examination of which NGO strategies are effective and appropriate, and which conditions enable NGO influence.
Surgical management of ostomy complications: a MISSTO–WSES mapping review
Authors: Parini Dario , Bondurri Andrea , Ferrara Francesco , Rizzo Gianluca , Pata Francesco , Veltri Marco , Forni Cristiana , Coccolini Federico , Biffl Walt L. , Sartelli Massimo , Kluger Yoram , Ansaloni Luca , Moore Ernest , Catena Fausto , Danelli Piergiorgio ,   Multidisciplinary Italian Study group for STOmas (MISSTO)
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The creation of an ileostomy or colostomy is a common surgical event, both in elective and in emergency context. The main aim of stoma creation is to prevent postoperative complications, such as the anastomotic leak. However, stoma-related complications can also occur and their morbidity is not negligible, with a rate from 20 to 70%. Most stomal complications are managed conservatively, but, when this approach is not resolutive, surgical treatment becomes necessary. The aim of this mapping review is to get a comprehensive overview on the incidence, the risk factors, and the management of the main early and late ostomy complications: stoma necrosis, mucocutaneous separation, stoma retraction, stoma prolapse, parastomal hernia, stoma stenosis, and stoma bleeding.

Material and methods
A complete literature research in principal databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS and COCHRANE) was performed by Multidisciplinary Italian Study group for STOmas (MISSTO) for each topic, with no language restriction and limited to the years 2011–2021. An international expert panel, from MISSTO and World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), subsequently reviewed the different issues, endorsed the project, and approved the final manuscript.

Conclusion
Stoma-related complications are common and require a step-up management, from conservative stoma care to surgical stoma revision. A study of literature evidence in clinical practice for stoma creation and an improved management of stoma-related complications could significantly increase the quality of life of patients with ostomy. Solid evidence from the literature about the correct management is lacking, and an international consensus is needed to draw up new guidelines on this subject.
N1 lymph node detection in lymph node harvesting in non-small cell lung cancer: Formaldehyde exposure is a drawback?
Authors: Citak Sevinc , Dogruyol Talha , Bayram Serkan , Vayvada Mustafa , Metin Serda Kanbur , Baysungur Volkan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lymph node dissection method on staging results, diagnosis of tumor metastasis in single or multiple N1 lymph nodes and survival rates in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Patients with NSCLC who underwent anatomic resection between September 2014 and October 2019 were examined prospectively. All patients with similar clinico-demographic characteristics were randomly assigned to either the surgical group (n = 83) or the pathology group (n = 87). Lymph node dissection was performed by the surgeon in the surgical group and by the pathologists after formaldehyde exposure in the pathology group. Data were analyzed according to formaldehyde exposure, N1 positivity, and number of N1 positive lymph nodes.

Results
There were no significant differences in N1 lymph node positivity between the two groups (p = 0.482). On average 9.08 lymph node sampling was performed in the surgical group and 2.39 in the pathology group (p = 0.0001). Multiple lymph node involvement was significantly higher in the surgical group (P = 0.0001) than in the pathology group.

Conclusion
It is easier to detect lymph node involvement without introducing formaldehyde into the sample. We recommend that N1 lymph node dissection be performed on fresh specimens to detect more lymph node involvement.
Anesthetic management of thoracotomy for massive intrathoracic solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: a case report
Authors: Shen Wang , Li Yan , Liu Feng , Liu Ning , Wang Xiangrui , Ji Zhonghua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare thoracic tumor and usually asymptomatic. Massive SFTP may affect adjacent organs and tissues including pulmonary vasculature, bronchus and heart. A thoracotomy for massive SFTP is necessary in severe case. Therefore, it is important for anesthesiologists to understand the condition of patients with massive SFTP and develop an appropriate anesthetic management strategy.

Case summary
A 76-year-old woman with massive SFTP presented to our clinical center and was evaluated as requiring thoracotomy. She received multidisciplinary cooperation treatment from the radiology, cardiac, thoracic surgery and anesthetic teams. The perioperative management of anesthesiologists played a crucial role in the great prognosis of this woman.

Conclusions
This case report demonstrates the importance of comprehensive and meticulous perioperative management and provides guidance to the multidisciplinary team on the potential risk and the rational treatment strategy of patients with massive SFTP during the perioperative period.
Knockout tales: the versatile roles of histone H3.3 in development and disease
Authors: Klein Rachel H. , Knoepfler Paul S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHistone variant H3.3 plays novel roles in development as compared to canonical H3 proteins and is the most commonly mutated histone protein of any kind in human disease. Here we discuss how gene targeting studies of the two H3.3-coding genes H3f3a and H3f3b have provided important insights into H3.3 functions including in gametes as well as brain and lung development. Knockouts have also provided insights into the important roles of H3.3 in maintaining genomic stability and chromatin organization, processes that are also affected when H3.3 is mutated in human diseases such as pediatric tumors and neurodevelopmental syndromes. Overall, H3.3 is a unique histone linking development and disease via epigenomic machinery.
A causal relationship between antioxidants, minerals and vitamins and metabolic syndrome traits: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Junxian , Song Fengju 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The available evidence regarding the association of antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits is currently limited and inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to investigate the potential causal relationship between genetically predicted antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins, and MetS.

Methods
In this study, we utilized genetic variation as instrumental variable (IV) to capture exposure data related to commonly consumed dietary nutrients, including antioxidants (β-carotene, lycopene, and uric acid), minerals (copper, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium), and vitamins (folate, vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and K1). The outcomes of interest, namely MetS (n = 291,107), waist circumference (n = 462,166), hypertension (n = 463,010), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (n = 281,416), triglycerides (n = 441,016), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (n = 403,943), were assessed using pooled data obtained from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. Finally, we applied the inverse variance weighting method as the result and conducted a sensitivity analysis for further validation.

Results
Genetically predicted higher iron (OR = 1.070, 95% CI 1.037–1.105, P = 2.91E−05) and magnesium levels (OR = 1.130, 95% CI 1.058–1.208, P = 2.80E−04) were positively associated with increased risk of MetS. For each component of MetS, higher level of genetically predicted selenium (OR = 0.971, 95% CI 0.957–0.986, P = 1.09E−04) was negatively correlated with HDL-C levels, while vitamin K1 (OR = 1.023, 95% CI 1.012–1.033, P = 2.90E−05) was positively correlated with HDL-C levels. Moreover, genetically predicted vitamin D (OR = 0.985, 95% CI 0.978–0.992, P = 5.51E−5) had a protective effect on FBG levels. Genetically predicted iron level (OR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.022–1.064, P = 4.33E−05) had a risk effect on TG level.

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence that genetically predicted some specific, but not all, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins may be causally related to the development of MetS traits.
Endothelin mediates sex-differences in acclimation to high salt diet in rats
Authors: Nasci Victoria L. , Almutlaq Rawan N. , Pollock David M. , Gohar Eman Y. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Current understanding of sodium (Na+) handling is based on studies done primarily in males. Contrary to the gradual increase in high salt (HS) induced natriuresis over 3–5 days in males, female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats have a robust natriuresis after 1 day of HS. Renal endothelin-1 (ET-1) signaling, through ET receptor A and B, is an important natriuretic pathway and was implicated in our previous dietary salt acclimation studies, however, the contribution of ET receptors to sex-differences in acclimation to dietary Na+ challenges has yet to be clarified. We hypothesized that ET receptors mediate the augmented natriuretic capacity of female rats in response to a HS diet.

Methods
To test our hypothesis, male and female SD rats were implanted with telemeters and randomly assigned to treatment with A-182086, a dual ETA and ETB receptor antagonist, or control. 24-h urine samples were collected and assessed for electrolytes and ET-1. Studies were performed on a normal salt (NS, 0.3% NaCl) diet and after challenging rats with HS (4% NaCl) diet for 1 day.

Results
We found that A-182086 increased blood pressure in male and female SD rats fed either diet. Importantly, A-182086 eliminated sex-differences in natriuresis on NS and HS. In particular, A-182086 promotes HS-induced natriuresis in male rats rather than attenuating the natriuretic capacity of females. Further, the sex-difference in urinary ET-1 excretion in NS-fed rats was eliminated by A-182086.

Conclusion
In conclusion, ET receptors are crucial for mediating sex-difference in the natriuretic capacity primarily through their actions in male rats.
RIS-enabled smart wireless environments: deployment scenarios, network architecture, bandwidth and area of influence
Authors: Alexandropoulos George C. , Phan-Huy Dinh-Thuy , Katsanos Konstantinos D. , Crozzoli Maurizio , Wymeersch Henk , Popovski Petar , Ratajczak Philippe , Bénédic Yohann , Hamon Marie-Helene , Gonzalez Sebastien Herraiz , Mursia Placido , Rossanese Marco , Sciancalepore Vincenzo , Gros Jean-Baptiste , Terranova Sergio , Gradoni Gabriele , Di Lorenzo Paolo , Rahal Moustafa , Denis Benoit , D’Errico Raffaele , Clemente Antonio , Strinati Emilio Calvanese 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) constitute the key enabler for programmable electromagnetic propagation environments and are lately being considered as a candidate physical-layer technology for the demanding connectivity, reliability, localisation, and sustainability requirements of next-generation wireless networks. In this paper, we first present the deployment scenarios for RIS-enabled smart wireless environments that have been recently designed within the ongoing European Union Horizon 2020 RISE-6G project, as well as a network architecture integrating RISs with existing standardised interfaces. We identify various RIS deployment strategies and sketch the core architectural requirements in terms of RIS control and signalling, depending on the RIS hardware architectures and respective capabilities. Furthermore, we introduce and discuss, with the aid of simulations and reflect array measurements, two novel metrics that emerge in the context of RIS-empowered wireless systems: the RIS bandwidth of influence and the RIS area of influence. Their extensive investigation corroborates the need for careful deployment and planning of the RIS technology in future wireless networks.
Resource allocation strategy for blockchain-enabled NOMA-based MEC networks
Authors: Ding Jianjie , Han Lina , Li Jie , Zhang Dajun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBlockchain technology is getting more and more attention due to its decentralization, independence and security features. However, in wireless networks it faces a computational challenge: the proof-of-work problem. Mobile edge computing (MEC) leads to a vaild scheme by providing cloud computing capabilities to mobile devices. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) exploits the diversity properties in the power domain to further increase system throughput and spectral efficiency. In this paper, we suggest a new NOMA-based MEC wireless blockchain network to minimize system energy consumption through task offloading decision optimization, user clustering, computing resource and transmit power allocation. In order to effectively figure out this non-convex problem, we first propose a offloading decision and user clustering algorithm, and then propose a computing resource allocation algorithm based on user Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Finally, the transmission power can be easily determined. The numerical simulation results verify that the proposed joint optimization algorithm can effectively decrease the system energy consumption.
Antibiotic use at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: findings from a point prevalence survey
Authors: Katyali Denis , Kawau Godfrey , Blomberg Bjørn , Manyahi Joel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In Tanzania, data on antibiotic use at the patient level is scarce, and intervention measures to optimize antibiotic use and reduce antimicrobial resistance are rarely performed.

Objectives
To describe antibiotic use at Muhimbili National Hospital.

Methods
This was a point prevalence survey on antibiotic use conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in August-September 2022. The World Health Organization point prevalence survey data collection tool was used to collect patients’ information from the files. All patients admitted to the wards on the day of the survey were included.

Results
Overall, 47% (185/397) of admitted patients were on at least one antibiotic during the survey. All antibiotics prescribed were for empirical treatment and guideline compliance was low, at 45%. Of 185 patients who received antibiotics, the most common indication was community acquired infection (55%) and 36% had no documentation of the reasons for prescribing antibiotics. Almost 75% of the antibiotics were administered parenterally, with only 2% switching to oral route. Microbiological tests were performed in only 9 (5%) patients out of 185 and results were available for only one patient. Of all participants, 52% received two or more antibiotic in combination, with the combination ceftriaxone-metronidazole being most frequently prescribed, followed by the combination of ampicillin, cloxacillin, and gentamicin. For individual antibiotics, ceftriaxone was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic accounting for 28% (79/283), followed by metronidazole (24%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (11%).

Conclusion
The findings of a high prevalence of antibiotic use, inadequate use of bacterial culture, and frequent empiric antibiotic treatment suggests the need for strengthening diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship programs. Furthermore, this study has identified areas for quality improvement, including education programs focusing on prescription practice.
ECMO in adult patients with severe trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yangchun , Zhang Li , Huang Xihua , Ma Na , Wang Pengcheng , Li Lin , Chen Xufeng , Ji Xueli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe trauma can result in cardiorespiratory failure, and when conventional treatment is ineffective, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can serve as an adjunctive therapy. However, the indications for ECMO in trauma cases are uncertain and clinical outcomes are variable. This study sought to describe the prognosis of adult trauma patients requiring ECMO, aiming to inform clinical decision-making and future research.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted on Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases until March 13, 2023, encompassing relevant studies involving over 5 trauma patients (aged ≥ 16 years) requiring ECMO support. The primary outcome measure was survival until discharge, with secondary measures including length of stay in the ICU and hospital, ECMO duration, and complications during ECMO. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to analyze these outcomes. The study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, while the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.

Results
The meta-analysis comprised 36 observational studies encompassing 1822 patients. The pooled survival rate was 65.9% (95% CI 61.3–70.5%). Specifically, studies focusing on traumatic brain injury (TBI) (16 studies, 383 patients) reported a survival rate of 66.1% (95% CI 55.4–76.2%), while studies non-TBI (15 studies, 262 patients) reported a survival rate of 68.1% (95% CI 56.9–78.5%). No significant difference was observed between these two survival comparisons (p = 0.623). Notably, studies utilizing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) (15 studies, 39.0%, 95% CI 23.3–55.6%) demonstrated significantly lower survival rates than those using venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) (23 studies, 72.3%, 95% CI 63.2–80.7%, p < 0.001). The graded assessment of evidence provided a high degree of certainty regarding the pooled survival.

Conclusions
ECMO is now considered beneficial for severely traumatized patients, improving prognosis and serving as a valuable tool in managing trauma-related severe cardiorespiratory failure, haemorrhagic shock, and cardiac arrest.
Psychometric properties of persian version of escapism scale among Iranian adolescents
Authors: Nooripour Roghieh , Ghanbari Nikzad , Hosseinian Simin , Lavie Carl J. , Mozaffari Nazir , Sikström Sverker , Hosseini Seyed Ruhollah 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Escapism Scale among Iranian adolescents aged 14–18. Between January 2021 and August 2021, cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method to select 566 participants (340 girls and 226 boys) to investigate the relationship between physical activity and mental health in adolescents. The participants completed several questionnaires, including the Escapism Scale, Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Hope Scale (AHS), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and General Self-efficacy (GSE). Construct validity, reliability using Cronbach’s alpha, and concurrent validity were used to evaluate the Escapism Scale’s validity and reliability. Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that a two-factor model provided a good fit for the data: sbX2 = 179.99 (p < 0.01); SRMR = 0.07; RMR = 0.56, CFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.89; IFI = 0.91; NFI = 0.89; GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.076). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for escapism was 0.73. The study found a significant positive relationship between escapism and smartphone addiction (r = 0.19). Additionally, a significant negative relationship was observed between escapism and hope (r=-0.31), satisfaction with life (r=-0.34), and general self-efficacy (r=-0.33). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between escapism and gender. Lastly, the study found a significant relationship between escapism and identity confusion (r = 0.164, P < 0.01) and identity coherence (P < 0.01, r = 29). In conclusion, the Escapism Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing escapism and psychological evaluations in Iranian adolescents. These results may inform future research and suggest re-testing in clinical populations.