bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention-based fusion of multiple graphheat networks for structural to functional brain mapping
Authors: Oota Subba Reddy , Yadav Archi , Dash Arpita , Bapi Raju S. , Sharma Avinash 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been growing interest in learning the mapping from structural connectivity (SC) to functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. The spontaneous fluctuations of the brain activity during the resting-state as captured by functional MRI (rsfMRI) contain rich non-stationary dynamics over a relatively fixed structural connectome. Among the modeling approaches, graph diffusion-based methods with single and multiple diffusion kernels approximating static or dynamic functional connectivity have shown promise in predicting the FC given the SC. However, these methods are computationally expensive, not scalable, and fail to capture the complex dynamics underlying the whole process. Recently, deep learning methods such as GraphHeat networks and graph diffusion have been shown to handle complex relational structures while preserving global information. In this paper, we propose a novel attention-based fusion of multiple GraphHeat networks (A-GHN) for mapping SC-FC. A-GHN enables us to model multiple heat kernel diffusion over the brain graph for approximating the complex Reaction Diffusion phenomenon. We argue that the proposed deep learning method overcomes the scalability and computational inefficiency issues but can still learn the SC-FC mapping successfully. Training and testing were done using the rsfMRI data of 1058 participants from the human connectome project (HCP), and the results establish the viability of the proposed model. On HCP data, we achieve a high Pearson correlation of 0.788 (Desikan-Killiany atlas with 87 regions) and 0.773 (AAL atlas with 86 regions). Furthermore, experiments demonstrate that A-GHN outperforms the existing methods in learning the complex nature of the structure-function relation of the human brain.
Possibility of CO2 laser-pumped multi-millijoule-level ultrafast pulse terahertz sources
Authors: Tóth György , Illés Gergő , Nazymbekov Gabit , Mbithi Nelson , Almási Gábor , Hebling János 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the last decade, intense research has been witnessed on developing compact, terahertz (THz) driven electron accelerators, producing electrons with a sub-MeV—few tens of MeV energy. Such economical devices could be used in scientific and material research and medical treatments. However, until now, the extremely high-energy THz pulses needed by the THz counterparts of the microwave accelerators were generated by optical rectification (OR) of ultrafast Ti:sapphire or Yb laser pulses. These lasers, however, are not very effective. Because of this, we use numerical simulations to investigate the possibility of generating high-energy THz pulses by the OR of pulses produced by CO2 lasers, which can have high plug-in efficiency. The results obtained supposing optical rectification (OR) in GaAs demonstrate that consideration of the self-phase-modulation (SPM) and the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) processes is indispensable in the design of CO2 laser-based THz sources. More interestingly, although these two processes hinder achieving high laser-to-THz conversion efficiency, they can still surpass the 1.5% value, ensuring high system efficiency and making the CO2 laser OR system a promising THz source. Our finding also has important implications for other middle-infrared laser-pumped OR-based THz sources.
Cortactin is in a complex with VE-cadherin and is required for endothelial adherens junction stability through Rap1/Rac1 activation
Authors: Moztarzadeh Sina , Sepic Sara , Hamad Ibrahim , Waschke Jens , Radeva Mariya Y. , García-Ponce Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVascular permeability is mediated by Cortactin (Cttn) and regulated by several molecules including cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate, small Rho family GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. However, it is unclear whether Cttn directly interacts with any of the junctional components or if Cttn intervenes with signaling pathways affecting the intercellular contacts and the cytoskeleton. To address these questions, we employed immortalized microvascular myocardial endothelial cells derived from wild-type and Cttn-knock-out mice. We found that lack of Cttn compromised barrier integrity due to fragmented membrane distribution of different junctional proteins. Moreover, immunoprecipitations revealed that Cttn is within the VE-cadherin-based adherens junction complex. In addition, lack of Cttn slowed-down barrier recovery after Ca2+ repletion. The role of Cttn for cAMP-mediated endothelial barrier regulation was analyzed using Forskolin/Rolipram. In contrast to Cttn-KO, WT cells reacted with increased transendothelial electrical resistance. Absence of Cttn disturbed Rap1 and Rac1 activation in Cttn-depleted cells. Surprisingly, despite the absence of Cttn, direct activation of Rac1/Cdc42/RhoA by CN04 increased barrier resistance and induced well-defined cortical actin and intracellular actin bundles. In summary, our data show that Cttn is required for basal barrier integrity by allowing proper membrane distribution of junctional proteins and for cAMP–mediated activation of the Rap1/Rac1 signaling pathway.
Novel high-efficient adsorbent based on modified gelatin/montmorillonite nanocomposite for removal of malachite green dye
Authors: Abu Elella Mahmoud H. , Aamer Nema , Abdallah Heba M. , López-Maldonado Eduardo A. , Mohamed Yasser M. A. , El Nazer Hossam A. , Mohamed Riham R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractShortage of drinking water has gained potential interest over the last few decades. Discharged industrial effluent, including various toxic pollutants, to water surfaces is one of the most serious environmental issues. The adsorption technique has become a widely studied method for the removal of toxic pollutants, specifically synthetic dyes, from wastewater due to its cost-effectiveness, high selectivity, and ease of operation. In this study, a novel gelatin-crosslinked-poly(acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay nanocomposites-based adsorbent has been prepared for removing malachite green (MG) dye from an aqueous solution. Modified gelatin nanocomposites were synthesized using a free-radical polymerization technique in the presence and absence of MMT. Various analytical instrumentation: including FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and TEM techniques were used to elucidate the chemical structure and surface morphology of the prepared samples. Using a batch adsorption experiment, Langmuir isotherm model showed that the prepared modified gelatin nanocomposite had a maximum adsorption capacity of 950.5 mg/g using 350 mg/L of MG dye at pH 9 within 45 min. Furthermore, the regeneration study showed good recyclability for the obtained nanocomposite through four consecutive reusable cycles. Therefore, the fabricated gelatin nanocomposite is an attractive adsorbent for MG dye elimination from aqueous solutions.
Negative emotionality downregulation affects moral choice but not moral judgement of harm: a pharmacological study
Authors: Martinez Roger Marcelo , Chou Shih-Han , Fan Yang-Teng , Chen Yu-Chun , Goh Kah Kheng , Chen Chenyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious neuroscientific research has expounded on the fundamental role played by emotion during moral decision-making. Negative emotionality has been observed to exert a general inhibitory effect towards harmful behaviors against others. Nevertheless, the downregulation of negative affects at different levels of moral processing (e.g. impersonal versus personal moral dilemmas) alongside its possible interactions with other factors (e.g. perspective taking) hasn’t been directly assessed; both of which can assist in predicting future moral decision-making. In the present research, we empirically test (Study 1, N = 41) whether downregulating negative emotionality through pharmacological interventions using lorazepam (a GABA receptor agonist), modulate the permissibility of harm to others –i.e. if participants find it more morally permissible to harm others when harm is unavoidable (inevitable harm moral dilemmas), than when it may be avoided (evitable harm moral dilemmas). Furthermore, using another sample (Study 2, N = 31), we assess whether lorazepam’s effect is modulated by different perspective-taking conditions during a moral dilemma task –e.g. “is it morally permissible for you to […]?” (1st person perspective), relative to “is it morally permissible for [x individual] to […]?” (3rd person perspective)–, where the outcome of the different scenarios is controlled. The results of both studies converge, revealing an emotion-dependent, rather than an outcome-dependent, pharmacological modulation. Lorazepam only influenced interpersonal moral judgments when not modulated by the evitable/inevitable condition. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between perspective-taking and drug administration, as lorazepam exerted a larger effect in modulating moral choices rather than moral judgements.
Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz
Authors: Lages João , Chacón Zoraida , Ramirez Julian , Aiuppa Alessandro , Arellano Santiago , Bitetto Marcello , Peña Julián O. , Coppola Diego , Laiolo Marco , Massimetti Francesco , Castaño Lina , Laverde Carlos , Tamburello Giancarlo , Giudice Gaetano , Lopez Cristian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study combines volcanic gas compositions, SO2 flux and satellite thermal data collected at Nevado del Ruiz between 2018 and 2021. We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO2 compositions (avg. CO2/ST ratios of 5.4 ± 1.9) throughout. Our degassing models support that the CO2/ST ratio variability derives from volatile exsolution from andesitic magma stored in the 1–4 km depth range. Separate ascent of CO2-rich gas bubbles through shallow (< 1 km depth), viscous, conduit resident magma causes the observed excess degassing. We infer that degassing of ~ 974 mm3 of shallow (1–4 km) stored magma has sourced the elevated SO2 degassing recorded during 2018–2021 (average flux ~ 1548 t/d). Of this, only < 1 mm3 of magma have been erupted through dome extrusion, highlighting a large imbalance between erupted and degassed magma. Escalating deep CO2 gas flushing, combined with the disruption of passive degassing, through sudden accumulation and pressurization of bubbles due to lithostatic pressure, may accelerate volcanic unrest and eventually lead to a major eruption.
Discovery of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of chronic Chagas heart disease via a small RNA-Seq approach
Authors: Villar Silvina R. , Herreros-Cabello Alfonso , Callejas-Hernández Francisco , Maza María C. , del Moral-Salmoral Javier , Gómez-Montes Mario , Rodríguez-Angulo Héctor O. , Carrillo Irene , Górgolas Miguel , Bosch-Nicolau Pau , Molina Israel , Pérez-Molina José A. , Monge-Maillo Begoña , Bottasso Oscar A. , Beloscar Juan , Pérez Ana R. , Fresno Manuel , Gironès Núria 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChagas disease affects approximately 7 million people worldwide in Latin America and is a neglected tropical disease. Twenty to thirty percent of chronically infected patients develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy decades after acute infection. Identifying biomarkers of Chagas disease progression is necessary to develop better therapeutic and preventive strategies. Circulating microRNAs are increasingly reliable biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets. To identify new circulating microRNAs for Chagas disease, we performed exploratory small RNA sequencing from the plasma of patients and performed de novo miRNA prediction, identifying potential new microRNAs. The levels of the new microRNAs temporarily named miR-Contig-1519 and miR-Contig-3244 and microRNAs that are biomarkers for nonchagasic cardiomyopathies, such as miR-148a-3p and miR-224-5p, were validated by quantitative reverse transcription. We found a specific circulating microRNA signature defined by low miR-Contig-3244, miR-Contig-1519, and miR-148a-3 levels but high miR-224-5p levels for patients with chronic Chagas disease. Finally, we predicted in silico that these altered circulating microRNAs could affect the expression of target genes involved in different cellular pathways and biological processes, which we will explore in the future.
Regional differences in fishing behavior determine whether a marine reserve network enhances fishery yield
Authors: Lenihan Hunter S. , Reed Daniel C. , Vigo Maria , Leiphardt Callie , Hofmiester Jennifer K. K. , Gallagher Jordan P. , Voss Chris , Moore Peyton , Miller Robert J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA network of marine reserves can enhance yield in depleted fisheries by protecting populations, particularly large, old spawners that supply larvae for interspersed fishing grounds. The ability of marine reserves to enhance sustainable fisheries is much less evident. We report empirical evidence of a marine reserve network improving yield regionally for a sustainable spiny lobster fishery, apparently through the spillover of adult lobsters and behavioral adaptation by the fishing fleet. Results of a Before-After, Control-Impact analysis found catch, effort, and Catch-Per-Unit Effort increased after the establishment of marine reserves in the northern region of the fishery where fishers responded by fishing intensively at reserve borders, but declined in the southern region where they vacated once productive fishing grounds. The adaptation of the northern region of the fishery may have been aided by a history of collaboration between fishers, scientists, and managers, highlighting the value of collaborative research and education programs for preparing fisheries to operate productively within a seascape that includes a large marine reserve network.
Tree size distribution as the stationary limit of an evolutionary master equation
Authors: Kelemen Szabolcs , Józsa Máté , Hartel Tibor , Csóka György , Néda Zoltán 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe diameter distribution of a given species of deciduous trees is well approximated by a Gamma distribution. Here we give new experimental evidence for this conjecture by analyzing deciduous tree size data in mature semi-natural forest and ancient, traditionally managed wood-pasture from Central Europe. These distribution functions collapse on a universal shape if the tree sizes are normalized to the mean value in the considered sample. A new evolutionary master equation is used to model the observed distribution. The model incorporates four ecological processes: tree growth, mortality, recruitment, and diversification. Utilizing simple and realistic kernel functions describing the first three, along with an assumed multiplicative dilution due to diversification, the stationary solution of the master equation yields the experimentally observed Gamma distribution. The model as it is formulated allows an analytically compact solution and has only two fitting parameters whose values are consistent with the experimental data related to these processes. We found that the equilibrium size distribution of tree species with different ecology, originating from two contrastingly different semi-natural ecosystem types can be accurately described by a single dynamical mean-field model.
Identification of important genes related to HVSMC proliferation and migration in graft restenosis based on WGCNA
Authors: Liu Xiankun , Qin Mingzhen , Chen Qingliang , Jiang Nan , Wang Lianqun , Bai Yunpeng , Guo Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe great saphenous vein is the most commonly used vessel for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but its use has been associated with a high restenosis rate at 10-year follow-up. This study sought to determine the key genes associated with vein graft restenosis that could serve as novel therapeutic targets. A total of 3075 upregulated and 1404 downregulated genes were identified after transcriptome sequencing of three pairs of restenosed vein grafts and intraoperative spare great saphenous veins. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that the floralwhite module had the highest correlation with vein graft restenosis. The intersection of the floralwhite module gene set and the upregulated gene set contained 615 upregulated genes strongly correlated with vein graft restenosis. Protein–protein interaction network analysis identified six hub genes (ITGAM, PTPRC, TLR4, TYROBP, ITGB2 and CD4), which were obtained using the STRING database and CytoHubba. Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses showed that the common hub genes were mainly involved in the composition of the cell membrane; in biological processes such as neutrophil degranulation, receptor binding and intercellular adhesion, innate immune deficiency; and other signaling pathways. Finally, ITGB2 was selected as the target gene, and its expression was verified in tissues. The results showed that ITGB2 was significantly overexpressed in occluded vein grafts. To study the function of ITGB2 in HVSMCs, primary HVSMCs were cultured and successfully identified. EdU incorporation, wound healing and transwell assays showed that ITGB2 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HVSMCs stimulated by PDGF-BB. Overall, our study provides a basis for future studies on preventing restenosis following CABG.
Chemotherapy is of prognostic significance to metaplastic breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Meilin , Yuan Jingjing , Wang Maoli , Zhang Mingdi , Chen Hongliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the significance of chemotherapy (CT) among metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC), and to compare the survival outcomes between triple negative MpBC (MpBC-TNBC) and triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC-TNBC). SEER database was indexed to identify female unilateral primary MpBC diagnosed from 2010 to 2017. Patients were classified into neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with response (NAC-response), NAC-no response, adjuvant chemotherapy, and no CT. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Cox regression was used to evaluate the independent prognostic factors. A 1:4 propensity score matching method was adopted to balance baseline differences. Altogether 1186 MpBC patients were enrolled, among them 181 received NAC, 647 received adjuvant CT and 358 did not receive any CT. Chemotherapy was an independent favorable prognostic factor. NAC-response and adjuvant CT had a significant or an obvious trend of survival improvement compared with NAC-no response or no CT. MpBC-TNBC was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor compared with IDC-TNBC. Among them, there was significant or trend of survival improvement among all TNBCs receiving NAC or adjuvant CT compared with no CT. Chemotherapy was of important significance to MpBC prognosis and should be integrated in comprehensive treatment for MpBC.
Quantifying peatland land use and CO2 emissions in Irish raised bogs: mapping insights using Sentinel-2 data and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Habib Wahaj , Ingle Ruchita , Saunders Matthew , Connolly John 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIreland has > 50% of the EU’s ocean-raised bogs; however, degradation through land-use activities has transformed them from carbon (C) sinks to sources. Given their significant role in climate mitigation, it is essential to quantify the emissions resulting from land use degradation of these ecosystems. A seven-class land-use classification system for Irish peatlands (LUCIP) was developed and mapped using Sentinel-2 imagery, random forest machine learning and Google Earth Engine. The results revealed that agricultural grassland comprised 43% of the land use on raised bogs, followed by, forestry (21%), cutover (11%), cutaway (10%) remnant peatlands (13%), waterbodies and built-up ~ 1% each. The overall accuracy of the map was 89%. The map was used to estimate CO2 emissions for four classes constituting 85% of raised bogs: cutover, cutaway, grassland, and forestry using the IPCC wetlands supplement and literature-based emission factors, we estimated emissions at ~ 1.92 (± 1.58–2.27 Mt CO2-C-yr−1) and ~ 0.68 Mt CO2-C-yr−1 (± 0.44–0.91 Mt CO2-C-yr−1) respectively. This is the first study to spatially quantify land use and related emissions from raised bogs. The results have revealed widespread degradation of these globally rare habitats, making them net emitters of CO2. The map is vital for the conservation of these ecosystems through restoration efforts, and the methodology can also be applied to other regions with similar peatland land use issues.
Pressure dependence of metal–silicate partitioning explains the mantle phosphorus abundance
Authors: Ikuta Nagi , Sakamoto Naoya , Tagawa Shoh , Hirose Kei , Tsutsumi Yutaro , Yokoo Shunpei , Yurimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious experiments performed below 20 GPa suggested that the metal/silicate partition coefficient of phosphorus (P), DP, extrapolated to typical high-pressure and -temperature conditions of the Earth’s core formation gives too high P concentration in the core unless a large amount of silicon was included in metals. Here we examined DP between liquid metal and coexisting molten silicate at 27–61 GPa and 3820–4760 K, corresponding to conditions of core-forming metal segregation from silicate, by measuring recovered samples using a high-resolution imaging technique coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that the pressure dependence of DP changes from positive to negative above 15 GPa, likely because of an increase in the coordination number of P5+ in silicate melt. With the present new partitioning data, the observed mantle P abundance may indicate ~ 0.2 wt% P in the core, consistent with the cosmo-/geochemical estimates, based on both single-stage and multi-stage core formation models without involving high amounts of silicon in metals.
Relation of Speech-Language Profile and Communication Modality to Participation of Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Allison Kristen M. , Doherty Kayla M. ,   for the Cerebral Palsy Research Network
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to examine the contribution of speech motor impairment (SMI), language impairment, and communication modality to communicative and overall participation outcomes in school-age children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method:
Eighty-one caregivers of children with CP provided information about their child's speech and language skills, communication modality, and participation through a web-based survey. Caregiver responses to two validated scales were used to quantify children's communicative participation and overall participation. Children were classified into four speech-language profile groups and three communication modality groups for comparison, based on caregiver-reported information regarding their child's communication skills.

Results:
Children with CP who had co-occurring SMI and language impairment had significantly lower levels of communicative participation and involvement in activities overall, compared to children with SMI alone. Among children with SMI, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) use was associated with greater overall frequency of participation and involvement in life activities.

Conclusion:
Children with CP who have both SMI and language impairment and those who are nonspeaking communicators should be prioritized early for communication interventions focused on maximizing participation, including consideration of AAC.