bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complete mitochondrial genome of Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Kerscher Stefan , Durstewitz Gregor , Casaregola Serge , Gaillardin Claude , Brandt Ulrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe here report the complete nucleotide sequence of the 47.9 kb mitochondrial (mt) genome from the obligate aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. It encodes, all on the same strand, seven subunits of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ND1‐6, ND4L), apocytochrome b (COB), three subunits of cytochrome oxidase (COX1, 2, 3), three subunits of ATP synthetase (ATP6, 8 and 9), small and large ribosomal RNAs and an incomplete set of tRNAs. The Y. lipolytica mt genome is very similar to the Hansenula wingei mt genome, as judged from blocks of conserved gene order and from sequence homology. The extra DNA in the Y. lipolytica mt genome consists of 17 group 1 introns and stretches of A+T‐rich sequence, interspersed with potentially transposable GC clusters. The usual mould mt genetic code is used. Interestingly, there is no tRNA able to read CGN (arginine) codons. CGN codons could not be found in exonic open reading frames, whereas they do occur in intronic open reading frames. However, several of the intronic open reading frames have accumulated mutations and must be regarded as pseudogenes. We propose that this may have been triggered by the presence of untranslatable CGN codons. This sequence is available under EMBL Accession No. AJ307410. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapy choices among older patients with lung carcinoma
Authors: Rocha Lima Caio Max S. , Herndon James E. , Kosty Michael , Clamon Gerald , Green Mark R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite a greater risk of malignancy and a higher cancer mortality rate for patients age > 65 years, bias in accruing older patients to clinical trials persists. The results from two National Cancer Institute‐approved cooperative group trials (Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 8931 [CALGB 8931] and CALGB 9130) were analyzed retrospectively to determine the participation, tolerance of treatment, and outcome of patients age > 70 years.METHODSFive hundred fifteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma participated in two separate, randomized, Phase III clinical trials conducted by CALGB. Retrospective evaluation of patients by four distinct age cohorts (< 50 years, 50–59 years, 60–69 years, and > 70 years) was carried out to determine differences in toxicity, response, and survival.RESULTSNo patients age > 80 were entered on either study, even though there was no age restriction in the study eligibility criteria. No significant differences were seen in response, survival, or continuation of treatment based on age cohort. Significantly increased leukocyte toxicity was seen in older cohorts without a concomitant increase in severe or worse infectious events.CONCLUSIONSNo patients age > 80 were entered on either trial despite their potential eligibility. Patients in the oldest cohort showed no negative impact of age on treatment tolerance, response to treatment, or survival. The aggregate clinical judgment of patients and physicians can identify septuagenarians who should not be denied active consideration for aggressive management of their advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:181–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Diffuse malignant epithelial mesotheliomas of the peritoneum in women
Authors: Kerrigan Scott A. J. , Turnnir Rael T. , Clement Philip B. , Young Robert H. , Churg Andrew 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe behavior of diffuse peritoneal mesotheliomas in women and the possible relation between tumor morphology and outcome are uncertain. Reported survival has ranged from < 1 month to > 14 years, and a previous study found that tumor morphology could not be used reliably for predicting outcome. The authors examined the behavior of diffuse epithelial peritoneal mesotheliomas in women and the possible relation between pathologic features and outcome.METHODSTwenty‐five female patients with diffuse peritoneal epithelial malignant mesotheliomas were divided into two groups: those who survived for < 4 years (60%) and those who survived for > 4 years (40%). Both groups were compared in terms of age, presentation, treatment, survival, tumor architecture, mitotic rate, necrosis, nuclear grade, and immunohistochemical profile.RESULTSPatients in the two groups were similar in terms of age at diagnosis (median ages, 50.7 years and 49.9 years), presentation, initial tumor burden, and treatment. In both groups, the most common initial clinical presenting features were ascites and abdominal pain. The tumors typically took the form of multiple nodules measuring < 1.5 cm in greatest dimension. Slightly less than 50% of patients in both groups received some form of chemotherapy or radiation therapy after undergoing tumor‐reductive surgery or biopsy. Overall survival ranged from 1 month to 15 years. The median survival was 12 months in the group of women who survived for < 4 years and 7 years in the group of women who survived for > 4 years. Overall, 10 of 25 patients survived for ≥ 5 years. One patient was alive with disease 15 years after diagnosis. Although there was a suggestion that the tumors in patients with short survival more often had solid architecture and high‐grade nuclei, these findings were not significant statistically. The frequency of necrosis and the mitotic activity were the same in both groups.CONCLUSIONSThe spectrum of diffuse epithelial peritoneal mesotheliomas in women includes tumors that are highly aggressive and behave much like pleural mesotheliomas, although a sizeable number of tumors, unlike the pleural tumors, are relatively indolent. However, because there do not appear to be morphologic features that reliably identify favorable tumors versus unfavorable tumors, aggressive therapy for all women with diffuse peritoneal mesotheliomas may be warranted. Cancer 2002;94:378–85. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
HER2 status in patients with breast carcinoma is not modified selectively by preoperative chemotherapy and is stable during the metastatic process
Authors: Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Jouve Michel , Genin Pascal , Fréneaux Paul , Sigal‐Zafrani Brigitte , Caly Martial , Beuzeboc Philippe , Pouillart Pierre , Sastre‐Garau Xavier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine whether HER2 expression levels in breast carcinomas were modified by chemotherapy or during the metastatic process.METHODSHER2 expression was analyzed on sequential tissue specimens taken from the primary tumor before patients received preoperative chemotherapy (CT) and from post‐CT residual breast tumor or at a metastatic site. The first group of patients included 59 women who presented with T2–T4,N1–N2 breast carcinoma and were treated by preoperative anthracycline‐based CT and then underwent surgery. The second group included 44 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma localized to the lung (27 patients) or to the liver (17 patients). HER2 status was determined by immunohistochemistry using an anti‐p185HER/neu monoclonal antibody and was classified as overexpressed or not overexpressed.RESULTSAmong the patients who received preoperative CT, HER2 overexpression was observed in 15 of 59 patients (25%). A complete pathologic response was observed in 2 of these 15 patients. HER2 still was overexpressed in 11 of 13 remaining residual tumors and was no longer detectable in 2 tumors. In addition, the 29 tumors with no HER2 overexpression before CT remained negative after treatment. In patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, HER2 was overexpressed in 11 of 44 primary tumors (25%). In 9 of these 11 tumors, HER2 overexpression was maintained in the metastases (9 pulmonary metastases and 4 hepatic metastases). In two patients who had low levels of HER2 overexpression in their primary tumors, no staining was observed in the secondary tumor (one pulmonary tumor and one liver tumor). There were no tumors in which the overexpression of HER2 was found only in the metastasis.CONCLUSIONSThe current study showed that, in most patients, HER2 overexpression was unchanged after CT and in metastatic sites. No HER2 negative primary tumors became HER2 positive after patients received CT or during the metastatic process. In a few patients, a diminution in the level of HER2 expression was observed after CT or in secondary tumors. This may have been due to a transitory state of altered tumor cells or to the selection of HER2 negative tumor cells clones. Cancer 2002;94:2169–73. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10456
Neurochemical organization of the human basal ganglia: Anatomofunctional territories defined by the distributions of calcium‐binding proteins and SMI‐32
Authors: Morel Anne , Loup Fabienne , Magnin Michel , Jeanmonod Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe distribution of the calcium‐binding proteins calbindin‐D28K (CB), parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR), and of the nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (with SMI‐32) was investigated in the human basal ganglia to identify anatomofunctional territories. In the striatum, gradients of neuropil immunostaining define four major territories: The first (T1) includes all but the rostroventral half of the putamen and is characterized by enhanced matriceal PV and SMI‐32 immunoreactivity (‐ir). The second territory (T2) encompasses most part of the caudate nucleus (Cd) and rostral putamen (PuT), which show enhanced matriceal CB‐ir. The third and fourth territories (T3 and T4) comprise rostroventral parts of Cd and PuT characterized by complementary patch/matrix distributions of CB‐ and CR‐ir, and the accumbens nucleus (Acb), respectively. The latter is separated into lateral (prominently enhanced in CB‐ir) and medial (prominently enhanced in CR‐ir) subdivisions. In the pallidum, parallel gradients also delimit four territories, T1 in the caudal half of external (GPe) and internal (GPi) divisions, characterized by enhanced PV‐ and SMI‐32‐ir; T2 in their rostral half, characterized by enhanced CB‐ir; and T3 and T4 in their rostroventral pole and in the subpallidal area, respectively, both expressing CB‐ and CR‐ir but with different intensities. The subthalamic nucleus (STh) shows contrasting patterns of dense PV‐ir (sparing only the most medial part) and low CB‐ir. Expression of CR‐ir is relatively low, except in the medial, low PV‐ir, part of the nucleus, whereas SMI‐32‐ir is moderate across the whole nucleus. The substantia nigra is characterized by complementary patterns of high neuropil CB‐ and SMI‐32‐ir in pars reticulata (SNr) and high CR‐ir in pars compacta (SNc) and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The compartmentalization of calcium‐binding proteins and SMI‐32 in the human basal ganglia, in particular in the striatum and pallidum, delimits anatomofunctional territories that are of significance for functional imaging studies and target selection in stereotactic neurosurgery. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:86–103, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of cutaneous ventrodorsal and rostrocaudal axial lines in the rat hindlimb and trunk in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
Authors: Takahashi Yuzuru , Chiba Tanemichi , Sameda Hiroaki , Ohtori Seiji , Kurokawa Masahiro , Moriya Hideshige 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe somatotopic organization of cutaneous primary afferents projecting to the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord was investigated. The fluorescent neurotracer, 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) was applied to cutaneous incisions made along ventrodorsal axial lines (VDALs) or rostrocaudal axial lines (RCALs) of the trunk and hindlimb. DiI‐induced fluorescent zones appeared in laminae I‐III of the dorsal horn in the transverse section. Several fluorescent zones appeared at different mediolateral portions after tracer application to VDALs. After tracer was applied to RCALs, a single zone of fluorescence was observed. Serial transverse sections were used to reconstruct fluorescent zones in lamina II and to illustrate the rostrocaudally elongated band‐like projection fields in a horizontal plane. In the horizontal plane, the fluorescent zones of VDALs were reconstructed to band‐like projection fields. These fields were arranged mediolaterally and extended rostrocaudally for approximately the length of one spinal cord segment or less. The fluorescent zones of RCALs were reconstructed to one band‐like projection field. This field extended rostrocaudally over several spinal cord segments. Cutaneous afferents from the ventral median line of the trunk, tail, hindlimb, sole, and ventral side of the digits projected to the medial margin of the dorsal horn. Cutaneous afferents from the dorsal median lines projected to the lateral margin of the dorsal horn. By analyzing the pattern of the body surface regions and the VDALs and RCALs, the central projection fields of body surface regions could be hypothesized, based on the central projection fields of the individual VDAL and RCAL afferents. Thus, we established a detailed dorsal view map of the central projection fields of cutaneous primary afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 445:133–144, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excitatory synaptic inputs on myenteric Dogiel type II neurones of the pig ileum
Authors: Cornelissen Wim , De Laet Ann , Kroese Alfons B.A. , van Bogaert Pierre‐Paul , Scheuermann Dietrich W. , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synaptic input on myenteric Dogiel type II neurones (n = 63) obtained from the ileum of 17 pigs was studied by intracellular recording. In 77% of the neurones, electrical stimulation of a fibre tract evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) with an amplitude of 6 ± 5 mV (mean ± S.D.) and lasting 49 ± 29 ms. The nicotinic nature of the fEPSPs was demonstrated by superfusing hexamethonium (20 μM). High‐frequency stimulation (up to 20 Hz, 3 seconds) did not result in a rundown of the fEPSPs, and did not evoke slow excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. The effects of neurotransmitters, possibly involved in these excitatory responses, were investigated. Pressure microejection of acetylcholine (10 mM in pipette) resulted in a fast nicotinic depolarisation in 67%(18/27) of the neurones (13 ± 9 mV, duration 7.0 ± 7.2 seconds) as did 1,1‐dimethyl‐4‐phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) application (10 mM; 14 ± 10 mV, duration 4.1 ± 2.8 seconds) in 76%of the cells. The fast nicotinic response to acetylcholine was sometimes (6/27) followed by a slow muscarinic depolarisation (8 ± 4 mV; duration 38.7 ± 10.8 seconds). Immunostaining revealed 5‐hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride (5‐HT)‐ and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐positive neuronal baskets distributed around and in close vicinity to Dogiel type II neuronal cell bodies. Microejection of 5‐HT (10 mM) resulted in a fast nicotinic‐like depolarisation (12 ± 6 mV, duration 3.0 ± 1.3 seconds) in 4 of 8 neurones tested, whereas microejection of CGRP (20 mM) gave rise to a slow muscarinic‐like depolarisation (6 ± 2 mV, duration 56.0 ± 27.5 seconds) in 8 of 12 neurones tested. In conclusion, myenteric Dogiel type II neurones in the porcine ileum receive diverse synaptic input. Mainly with regard to the prominent presence of nicotinic responses, these neurones behave contrary to their guinea pig counterparts. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:137–154, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Co‐evolution of cooperation and complexity in a multi‐player, local‐interaction prisoners' dilemma
Authors: Albin Peter S. , Foley Duncan K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAgents located on a 20 × 20 toroidal lattice play a Prisoners' Dilemma game with their Moore neighbors, adopting policies of cooperation and defection that depend only on their own action and the number of cooperators in the neighborhood in the last round of the game. These policies (“characters”) are encoded in 19‐bit strings, which are subjected to evolution according to a genetic algorithm, with selection based on the cumulative scores of the agents in the neighborhood over 10 rounds of the basic game. Simulations examine the evolution of the population of characters over 1000 generations. Even with selection disabled, the genetic algorithm organizes the population into a small number of surviving characters clustered in spatially homogeneous regions. Selection for fitness rapidly achieves uniform cooperation. The characters evolved cooperate on the initial play, continue to cooperate when five or more of their neighbors cooperate, tend to defect defensively when they have cooperated and most of their neighbors have defected, and switch back to cooperation when five or more neighbors cooperate. When selection operates at the level of the whole society, however, the diversity of the population rapidly collapses, a single character predominates, and the cooperativeness of the dominating character is a matter of chance, so that there is no systematic tendency to evolve cooperation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Monoclonal antibody FMC7 detects a conformational epitope on the CD20 molecule: Evidence from phenotyping after rituxan therapy and transfectant cell analyses
Authors: Serke Stefan , Schwaner Ingo , Yordanova Maya , Szczepek Agnes , Huhn Dieter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerous studies have reported that monoclonal antibody (mAb) FMC7 detects an antigen present on only a subset of circulating B lymphocytes. In particular, this mAb may distinguish typical B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (FMC7 negative) from other types of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL; FMC7 positive). We treated patients with B‐NHL with Rituxan, a chimeric CD20 mAb, and observed abrogation of staining not only with prototype CD20 mAb B‐1 but also with mAb FMC7. To investigate the relation between antigens CD20 and FMC7, we performed mutual blocking studies that showed mutual inhibition of FMC7 and CD20. In addition, FMC7 modulated CD23 expression and confirmed the presence of mAb B‐1 in B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines CESS and JVM. Transient transfection of myeloid cell line K562 with plasmid containing CD20‐encoding cDNA produced de novo expressions of CD20 and FMC7. Our data indicate that FMC7 binds to a particular conformation of the CD20 antigen, probably to a multimeric CD20 complex. We assume that FMC7 stains positively only when CD20 antigen is present in high densities and in the postulated multimeric complex formation. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:98–104, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of MRP functional activity: Calcein AM but not BCECF AM as a multidrug resistance‐related protein (MRP1) substrate
Authors: Olson Douglas P. , Taylor Barbara J. , Ivy S. Percy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResistance to anticancer drugs has been attributed to an array of cellular changes. The multidrug resistance‐related protein (MRP1) is an efflux pump whose overexpression confers resistance to several classes of drugs, such as the anthracyclines, epipodophyllotoxins, and vinca alkaloids. These drugs are mainstays in cancer therapy. MRP1 overexpression is hypothesized to be a causative agent of clinical treatment failure. Consistently accurate methods for detecting this protein are necessary to further understand its biology and delineate its possible clinical relevance. Flow cytometric analysis of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a valuable method to evaluate both antigen expression and function. Using flow cytometry, we assayed MRP1 functional activity in pediatric leukemic blasts and an array of MDR+ and WT cell lines. We conclude that calcein AM, when used in a retention assay with MRP1‐specific modulators, is able to reliably detect MRP functional activity. 2′‐7′‐bis(2‐carboxyethyl)‐5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein (BCECF AM) transport is not indicative of MRP1 overexpression. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:105–113, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subgrouping and grading of soft‐tissue sarcomas by fine‐needle aspiration cytology: A histopathologic correlation study
Authors: Palmer Hal E. , Mukunyadzi Perkins , Culbreth Wanda , Thomas James R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of subgrouping and grading soft‐tissue sarcomas by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), a blind review was conducted of 84 FNAB specimens from 77 malignant and 7 benign soft‐tissue lesions. Cytomorphologic subgroups included 31 spindle‐cell, 24 pleomorphic, 11 myxoid, 7 epithelioid/polygonal, 3 small round cell, and 8 nondiagnostic cases. Malignancies included one lymphoma and 41 primary, 15 recurrent, and 20 metastatic soft‐tissue sarcomas. Adequacy was defined as a majority of slides with at least 5 clusters of 10 unobscured cells. Five originally false‐negative cases were considered nondiagnostic on review. Sarcoma was recognized in 59 of 64 adequate cases (92%) with available histology; however, the specific histopathologic subtype was identified in only 9 cases (14%). Benign myxoid and spindle‐cell lesions were difficult to separate from low‐grade sarcomas in 4 cases, and a B‐cell lymphoma with sclerosis mimicked a low‐grade myxoid sarcoma. The assigned cytologic grade accurately reflected the histologic grade in 90% of sarcomas when segregated into high and low grades. Pleomorphic, small round cell, and epithelioid/polygonal subgroups corresponded to high‐grade sarcomas in all cases with only minor noncorrelations. Major grading noncorrelations occurred in 50% of myxoid and 9% of spindle‐cell sarcomas. Therefore, attention should be given to specimen adequacy, and caution should be exercised when attempting to grade myxoid and spindle‐cell sarcomas by FNAB. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:307–316, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of ThinPrep and TriPath PREP liquid‐based preparations in nongynecologic specimens: A pilot study
Authors: Michael Claire W. , McConnel James , Pecott James , Afify Alaa M. , Al‐Khafaji Basim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThinPrep (TP) and TriPath PREP (TriP) are two liquid‐based cytologic preparations that produce a thin layer of cells. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy and different cytomorphologic alterations produced by these preparations in nongynecologic specimens. Samples from 10 urines (3 urothelial carcinomas and 7 negative), 4 positive serous fluids, and 7 fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs) were prepared by both techniques. FNAs represented one each of: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), hyperplastic colloid nodule (HCN), Hodgkin's lymphoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) metastatic to the lymph node, and carcinoid tumor. All 5 participants, none of whom had prior knowledge of the clinical history or histologic diagnosis, reviewed and interpreted the slides.Both techniques produced a clean background and were equally accurate in urines, serous fluids, and three FNAs. TriP was slightly more accurate in four FNAs: HCN and HT where colloid and lymphocytes were better represented, SCC where keratin and malignant cells were more readily identified among lymphocytes, and carcinoid which was easier to evaluate on TriP due to less cellular shrinkage and more dispersion of cells between aggregates. TP preparations had more cell shrinkage, and the chromatin was harder to evaluate. Both techniques produced artificial aggregations of lymphocytes, but TriP had a more evenly dispersed single‐cell population between aggregates, rendering them easier to evaluate for atypia. TP produced fragmentation of large sheets that were flattened, while TriP contained larger branching sheets in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) configuration. TP produced a true monolayer of cells that were all spread at the same plane, while in TriP the cells were spread at slightly different planes, requiring frequent focusing of the viewed plane.While both techniques are acceptable for diagnostic purposes, they both introduce new cytomorphologic alterations that pathologists need to recognize. TriP seems superior to TP in FNAs specimens where preservation of architecture and cellular integrity are important considerations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:177–184, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.