bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between maternal fever and psychological/behavior outcomes: A hypothesis
Authors: Dombrowski Stefan C. , Martin Roy P. , Huttunen Matti O. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study is one of the first to investigate the association between maternal report of fever during middle to late pregnancy and psychological, behavioral, and educational outcomes in offspring. The hypothesis guiding this research was that maternal fever during the second trimester of pregnancy has an adverse effect on the development of the central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus, resulting in abnormalities of psychological development and behavior that can be observed in childhood.METHODSMultivariate analyses of a birth cohort compared outcomes for children whose mothers never reported fever during pregnancy and those who reported fever in the second and third trimesters. Children were compared on measures of temperament, behavior, and academic performance in infancy and at five and 12 years of age.RESULTSAssociations were obtained for second‐trimester fever and distress to novelty (p < 0.05) in infancy. Significant associations were also obtained for inhibition (p < 0.01), negative emotionality (p < 0.05), and lack of task persistence (p < 0.01) at age five. Furthermore, school achievement (p < 0.05) and task orientation (p < 0.01) at age 12 were associated with maternal reports of second‐trimester fever exposure.CONCLUSIONSMuch of the gestation/hyperthermia research has focused on the relationship between hyperthermia exposure and profoundly teratogenic outcomes. In this study we investigated subtler psychological/behavioral associations that may not be observable until later in development. Although the current study was hampered by technical limitations, the results support the need for more rigorously controlled research into a possible association between gestational fever and psychological/behavioral outcomes. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a couple with recurrent pregnancy loss and triploidy
Authors: Bar‐Ami Shalom , Seibel Machelle M. , Pierce Kenneth E. , Zilberstein Moshe 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTriploidy may arise from fertilization of a mature haploid egg by two haploid sperm or by failure of meiotic divisions yielding a diploid gamete. We encountered a couple with habitual abortion, in which the last two fetuses were documented as viable triploid.METHODSTo avoid dispermic penetration and development of abnormal preembryos, insemination was done by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of biopsied blastomeres.RESULTSTests of the husband's spermatozoa by FISH, revealed that only 2–3% of the sperm were disomic for chromosomes 16, 13, 21, X, and Y. No triple disomy was detected among chromosomes 16, 13 and 21, which makes it very unlikely that triploidy resulted from diploid spermatozoa. Following a controlled ovulation induction protocol, low quality oocytes with immature cumuli were revealed. After ICSI, five eggs became two pronuclei (2PN) zygotes and none of the other eggs developed a 3PN zygote. FISH was performed on chromosomes 16 and 21 in four preembryos developed to a 6–8 cell stage. Aneuploidy or mosaicism for each of these chromosomes was detected in one preembryo and later in two disaggregated blastocysts. FISH failed in one preembryo that became atretic after biopsy.CONCLUSIONSAlthough this case was unsuccessful in achieving embryo transfer and normal pregnancy, we detected many abnormal morphological features in the oocytes and chromosomal abnormalities in the cleaving preembryos. This protocol can be proposed to patients with recurrent pregnancy loss associated with chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in mitochondrial morphology are associated with hyperthermia‐induced apoptosis in early postimplantation mouse embryos
Authors: Kim Won‐Kyu , Mirkes Philip E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPreviously, we showed that teratogens such as hyperthermia activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in day nine mouse embryos. Activation of this pathway involves an initial release of cytochrome c from intermembranous spaces of the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic cytochrome c then activates a caspase cascade resulting in the orderly demise of the cell. In addition, we showed that teratogens activate the mitochondrial pathway in cells of the neuroepithelium, but not the heart.METHODSTo further investigate the role of the mitochondrion in teratogen‐induced apoptosis, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to compare mitochondrial morphology in cells of the neuroepithelium and heart of control and hyperthermia‐treated embryos. Because we know that the apoptotic pathway is activated some time during the first 5 hr after teratogen exposure is initiated, we assessed mitochondrial morphology at 1, 2.5, and 5 hr after day nine mouse embryos were exposed to hyperthermia (43°C, 15 min).RESULTSIn neuroepithelial cells of the prosencephalon, abnormally‐shaped mitochondria were observed at the 1 hr time point and thereafter, whereas loss of cristae and shrunken mitochondria were noted at the 5 hr time point. In contrast, no obvious changes in mitochondria of heart cells were observed at any of the time points monitored.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that teratogen‐induced cell death in neuroepithelial cells is temporally correlated with alterations in mitochondrial morphology, whereas the absence of cell death in the heart is correlated with a corresponding lack of change in mitochondrial morphology. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trend in prevalence of neural tube defects in Quebec
Authors: De Wals Philippe , Rusen Ira David , Lee Nora S. , Morin Pascale , Niyonsenga Théophile 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Canada, the first recommendations on the use of folic acid (FA) supplements by women planning a pregnancy or capable of becoming pregnant were issued in 1993. In 1998, fortification of flour with FA became mandatory. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of these measures on the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in the province of Quebec.METHODSThe study population included stillbirths, live births, and elective terminations for fetal malformations that were reported in 1992–2000 for women residing in the province of Quebec. NTD cases were identified from stillbirth certificates and hospital discharge summaries.RESULTSThere was a marked decrease in the total NTD rate after 1997. The average NTD rate was 1.89 per 1000 total births during the period of 1992–1997, and 1.28 per 1000 in 1998–2000, a 32% reduction (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSFortification of flour, which began in early 1997 and gradually became widespread, is a very plausible explanation for the timing, shape, and magnitude of the decrease in NTD prevalence observed in Quebec and other Canadian provinces. An increase in FA supplement use may have played only a minor role. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:000–000, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prophylaxis of contrast‐induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: MacNeill Briain D. , Harding Scott A. , Bazari Hasan , Patton Kristen K. , Colon‐Hernadez Pedro , deJoseph Denise , Jang Ik‐Kyung 
Published: November 2003

AbstractContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication of cardiac catheterization, reported to result in a 15% incidence of acute renal failure. Convincing evidence supports the prophylactic use of prehydration and low volumes of contrast medium. Recently, the antioxidant acetylcysteine has been shown to have a potential preventive role. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that acetylcysteine prevents CIN. Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization with a serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl were prospectively randomized to receive acetylcysteine or placebo. A total of five doses of acetylcysteine 600 mg b.i.d. or placebo was administered, commencing on the day of the procedure. All patients were prehydrated with 0.45% saline and during the catheterization a nonionic low‐osmolality contrast medium was used. Serum creatinine and urea were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hr postprocedure. A total of 43 patients were studied. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of baseline characteristics, including baseline renal function. No adverse events were experienced with acetylcysteine treatment. Serum creatinine levels at 48 and 72 hr remained largely unchanged in the acetylcysteine group but continued to rise at 48 and 72 hr in the placebo group. By 72 hr, the incidence of CIN, defined as a 25% increase in baseline creatinine, was significantly lower in the acetylcysteine arm compared to placebo (5% for acetylcysteine vs. 32% for placebo; P = 0.046). In patients with mild to moderate renal impairment undergoing cardiac catheterization, prophylactic treatment with oral acetylcysteine reduces the incidence of contrast‐induced nephropathy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003;60:458–461. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust methods for partial least squares regression
Authors: Hubert M. , Branden K. Vanden 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPartial least squares regression (PLSR) is a linear regression technique developed to deal with high‐dimensional regressors and one or several response variables. In this paper we introduce robustified versions of the SIMPLS algorithm, this being the leading PLSR algorithm because of its speed and efficiency. Because SIMPLS is based on the empirical cross‐covariance matrix between the response variables and the regressors and on linear least squares regression, the results are affected by abnormal observations in the data set. Two robust methods, RSIMCD and RSIMPLS, are constructed from a robust covariance matrix for high‐dimensional data and robust linear regression. We introduce robust RMSECV and RMSEP values for model calibration and model validation. Diagnostic plots are constructed to visualize and classify the outliers. Several simulation results and the analysis of real data sets show the effectiveness and robustness of the new approaches. Because RSIMPLS is roughly twice as fast as RSIMCD, it stands out as the overall best method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autonomic and motor neuron death is progressive and parallel in a lumbosacral ventral root avulsion model of cauda equina injury
Authors: Hoang Thao X. , Nieto Jaime H. , Tillakaratne Niranjala J.K. , Havton Leif A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractInjuries to the cauda equina of the spinal cord result in autonomic and motor neuron dysfunction. We developed a rodent lumbosacral ventral root avulsion injury model of cauda equina injury to investigate the lesion effect in the spinal cord. We studied the retrograde effects of a unilateral L5–S2 ventral root avulsion on efferent preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (PPNs) and pelvic motoneurons in the L6 and S1 segments at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively in the adult male rat. We used Fluoro‐Gold–prelabeling techniques, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative stereologic analysis to show an injury‐induced progressive and parallel death of PPNs and motoneurons. At 6 weeks after injury, only 22% of PPNs and 16% of motoneurons remained. Furthermore, of the neurons that survived at 6 weeks, the soma volume was reduced by 25% in PPNs and 50% in motoneurons. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) protein was expressed in only 30% of PPNs, but 80% of motoneurons remaining at 1 week postoperatively, suggesting early differential effects between these two neuronal types. However, all remaining PPNs and motoneurons were ChAT positive at 4 weeks postoperatively. Nuclear condensation and cleaved caspase‐3 were detected in axotomized PPNs and motoneurons, suggesting apoptosis as a contributing mechanism of the neural death. We conclude that lumbosacral ventral root avulsions progressively deplete autonomic and motor neurons. The findings suggest that early neuroprotection will be an important consideration in future attempts of treating acute cauda equina injuries. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:477–486, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of boundary element analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering problems by the use of the condition number
Authors: Matsuhara Masanori , Ohtaka Masato , Satomura Yutaka 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with three‐dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems. The usual integral equations corresponding to electromagnetic scattering problems in general have the inconvenience of resonant solutions. Mautz and Harrington have derived an integral equation without such inconvenience. However, there are two arbitrary parameters contained in this integral equation. Further, when the integral equation is solved by numerical analysis based on the boundary element method, both expansion functions and weighting functions must be introduced. Although little flexibility exists in the selection of the expansion functions, two selection branches exist for the weighting functions. Hence, when the three‐dimensional electromagnetic scattering problem is specifically analyzed numerically, selection of the parameters and the weight functions becomes important. Their selection should be carried out according to a reasonable evaluation standard. In the present paper, the condition number is used as the evaluation standard. It is shown which selection is the best among these choices. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 61–68, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10149
High‐voltage 4H‐SiC pn diodes fabricated by p‐type ion implantation
Authors: Negoro Yuuki , Kimoto Tsunenobu , Matsunami Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe formed a low‐resistance p region by high‐dose aluminum (Al) ion implantation in the 4H‐SiC (0001) face, and fabricated and characterized planar pn diodes by Al or boron (B) ion implantation. In Al ion implantation, the minimum sheet resistance of 3.6 kω/□ (p‐type) is obtained by high‐temperature implantation and high‐temperature annealing. Excellent rectification was verified in planar pn diodes, in which the surface p+layer was formed by high‐temperature implantation of Al ions and the p layer was formed by room‐temperature implantation of high‐energy B ions. We achieved a high blocking voltage of 2900 V (90% of the theoretical withstand voltage), a low on‐resistance of 8.0 mωcm2, and avalanche breakdown characteristics of a positive temperature coefficient for the blocking voltage. We fabricated a 4H‐SiC (1120) pn diode, which has not been disclosed previously, and obtained a high blocking voltage of 1850 V (70% of the theoretical blocking voltage). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 44–51, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10162
Algebraic analysis method of start‐up characteristics of cascode crystal oscillator
Authors: Izumiya Shoji , Asaki Jun , Adachi Takehiko 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn approximate method of analysis is proposed for calculating the start‐up characteristics of a cascode crystal oscillator in terms of the exponential function and logarithmic and algebraic operations. The oscillator circuit is divided into the crystal resonator and the active circuit. The collector bias current dependence and the resonator current dependence of the negative resistance in the active circuit are treated by separation of variables. A new approximation equation is used for the resonator current dependence of the negative resistance. Then, an approximate equation for analysis of the transient response of the collector bias current is derived. By means of these, an approximate equation for analysis of the start‐up characteristics of the resonator current is derived as well as an approximate equation for the resonator current at the start of the oscillation. With the obtained approximate analysis equation, two circuit examples with substantially different design conditions are analyzed. The results are compared with an oscillation simulation by SPICE. Sufficient agreement for practical purposes is found and the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method is confirmed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(12): 32–43, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10166
Who is watching Big Brother? TV consumption predicted by masked affective priming
Authors: Frings Christian , Wentura Dirk 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn the present study (N=37), we assessed attitudes towards a telecast (Big Brother) with indirect (masked affective priming) and direct (semantic differentials) methods. Additionally, participants recorded their TV viewing behaviour for a period of 7 days. Implicit positivity of the telecast (assessed by the affective priming task), explicit positivity (semantic differentials), and minutes per week spent viewing the TV show were all positively correlated. Viewers of the telecast show a positive priming effect for the label of the telecast (thereby indicating a positive implicit attitude towards the show). Implications for the research and the theoretical debate on implicit attitudes are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hidden profiles and the consensualization of social stereotypes: how information distribution affects stereotype content and sharedness
Authors: Klein Olivier , Jacobs Aurélie , Gemoets Sabrina , Licata Laurent , Lambert Sophie M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe examined the impact of the distribution of information regarding social groups on the formation of shared stereotypes within triads in two studies. Three‐person groups discussed which of three groups (A, B, and C) was the most able and the most sociable. In Study 1, some of the information about these three groups was available to all group members (shared) whereas the remainder was distributed among group members (unique). Based on the total profile, there was more evidence of group A being sociable and of group B being able than of A being able and B sociable. In Study 1 (n = 58), sampling was manipulated as ‘representative’ (information in line with the overall differences was shared) or ‘unrepresentative’ (only information contradicting these differences was shared). In a third condition, all items of information were shared. Emerging stereotypes were directly influenced by sampling of information independently of the discussion. As well as this, the discussion consensualized initial stereotypes. In Study 2 (n = 52), sampling was always unrepresentative and we manipulated the labels associated with the target groups in such a way that the stereotype associated with the label was either inconsistent or consistent with the overall differences between the target groups. In the inconsistent condition, participants were more likely to discuss information that violated stereotypical expectations, and to be less influenced by sampling as a result of discussion. Altogether, these findings suggest that information sampling directly affects the consensualization of social stereotypes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ingroup ambivalence and experienced affect: the moderating role of social identification
Authors: Costarelli Sandro , Palmonari Augusto 
Published: November 2003

AbstractNo previous work in the field of group‐related attitudes and emotions has investigated the possible affective consequences of ingroup ambivalence—that is, the consequences of having attitudes towards an ingroup that are simultaneously both positive and negative. The current study was designed to explore this issue. Ambivalent attitudes have been argued to be more psychologically salient to the individual than univalent ones. A linear increase in participants' experienced affect was therefore predicted as a function of their ambivalence toward the ingroup. However, consistent with the predictions of social identity theory, previous findings have shown that higher ingroup identifiers are more likely to be involved with the ingroup than lower identifiers. Accordingly, we predicted and found effects of ingroup ambivalence on affect for high but not low ingroup identifiers. Combining the findings of two distinct literatures, the initial evidence provided by this study exploratively traces the sources of the affective processes that are set in motion by the evaluation of one's own group in an intergroup context. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
We are one and I like it: The impact of ingroup entitativity on ingroup identification
Authors: Castano Emanuele , Yzerbyt Vincent , Bourguignon David 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIt is argued that the entitativity of the ingroup moderates the level of identification with the ingroup. Specifically, that high levels of entitativity are conducive to strong identification, whereas low levels of entitativity reduce identification with the ingroup. These hypotheses were tested across four studies using the European Union (EU) as the reference group. The four studies manipulated four different factors that, according to Campbell (1958), impact on group entitativity: common fate (Study 1), similarity (Study 2), salience (Study 3), and boundedness (Study 4). Across the four studies, we found evidence for the impact of these factors on the level of identification with the EU among European citizens holding moderate attitudes toward the EU but not (or much less) for citizens holding more extreme attitudes towards the EU. Mediational analyses further confirmed the viability of an entitativity‐based interpretation of the impact of the manipulations on the level of identification. The findings are discussed in light of the current debate on the concept of entitativity, the motives for social identification, and the reduction of ingroup bias. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing an attribution‐of‐blame model of judgments of injustice
Authors: Mikula Gerold 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe attribution‐of‐blame model of judgments of injustice, which is the focus of this article, depicts judgments of injustice as blaming of an actor who is seen as responsible for the violation of the entitlement of somebody else without sufficient justification. Responsibility and blame are conceptualized in the model in accordance with Heider (1958) and Shaver (1985). The article briefly describes the background and the propositions of the model and its scope. Then it reports a series of four correlational and one experimental studies which tested the validity of the model. The findings lend support to the propositions that attributions of causality and intention and perceived lack of sufficient justification contribute to the perception of injustice beyond the mere perception that somebody's entitlement or deserving has been violated. However, no support was found for the assumption that perceived control of the respective agent contributes to the perception of injustice. The concluding section discusses the main findings of the studies and points to questions which should be pursued in future research in order to establish the range of validity of the proposed model of judgments of injustice. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.