bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Algorithm to Enhance the Accuracy of Extracting Steganography Hidden Data
Authors: Nourah Alamri Et al. 
Published: February 2024

Cybercriminals are employing various techniques to conceal evidence from investigators, allowing them to avoid tracking the traces of the attack or the traces of crimes. Steganography of information was techniques and tactics used to hide the traces of a hacking or electronic attack. Steganography is one of the most severe methods of obfuscating traces to make it harder for investigators to uncover reliable evidence that can be used in court. In this research study, the problem was that the steganography tools that the authors used in previous studies in their research were not accurate in extracting all the hidden data, and their efficiency was poor. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the accuracy of extracting the hidden data by creating different scenarios using python script. Furthermore, develop a new algorithm to enhance the accuracy of extracting veiled data by using Tkinter framework. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed new algorithm by comparing the proposed algorithm with different steganography tools. The proposed algorithm was able to increase the accuracy by 90% and extract the hidden data compared with different tools such as openstego stegspy and stegovirtas.
Challenges of Big Data Technology in Aviation Management
Authors: Nityash Solanki Et al. 
Published: February 2024

Traditional data systems fall short of processing Big Data since high volume of information collected to create successful business opportunities requires high performance computer programs including AI tools or processors. Deep flakes fabricate recordings, videos and images in a manner that misrepresent the receiver of the information regarding an event that in reality never took place. Processing Big Data safely for Aviation industry’s benefit requires dedicated legislative regimes to improve predictability in decision making at the market place. Placing reliance on Big Data technology surely helps aviation industry to overcome various troubles related to air operations with ease. This paper attempts to explore the benefits of Big Data technology for the aviation industry. Readers would probably find a point of reference to eradicate major obstacles of Big Data technology that is hampering growth and technical innovations for the aviation industry. Furthermore, readers would be exposed to discussions regarding lack of technical knowledge or skill to exploit Big Data technology directly affects airline’s infrastructure. The paper recommends suggestions to vanquish the identified issues for the aviation industry.
To estimate the maturation of permanent teeth in different facial patterns in Rajasthan population: A comparative retrospective study
Authors: Bolya Piyush , Nagora Archana , Dungarwal Nitin , Trivedi Rutvik , Mutha Animesh 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the maturation stages of permanent teeth in different facial patterns in Rajasthan population. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and orthopantomogram of 90 subjects (30 horizontal, 30 vertical and 30 average growth patterns with subgroup of male and female in horizontal, vertical and average growth pattern), with 8 – 16 years of age, were selected from the patients records who had reported to the Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur. Lateral Cephalograms were traced manually and orthopantomogram were used to get the overall dental maturity score by adding the value of left eight mandibular teeth. Student’s t test was used to compare the maturation of chronological age and dental age in horizontal, vertical and average growth patterns and Pearson’s correlation test was used to found correlation between the group. The results suggest a difference in dental age and chronological age in subject with vertical growth patterns. Vertical female growers showed early dental age maturation compared to chronological age. There was insignificant difference present in dental age and chronological age in horizontal growth patterns and average growth patterns. Insignificant intergroup difference was found in dental age between horizontal vs vertical, horizontal vs average and vertical vs average growth patterns. Subjects with vertical female growth patterns shows early dental age maturation than chronological age. Sn-Go-Gn, lower anterior facial height and Jara back’s ratio are highly significant in determining growth patterns. There also exists strong correlation between dental age and chronological age in horizontal, vertical and average growth patterns in male and female subgroup.
An evaluation and comparison of smile characteristics of female adults in high angle, medium angle and low angle skeletal types – An observational study
Authors: Raval Rutvi Vikram , Mehta Udita , Sharma Padmaja , Patel Kalpesh 
Published: February 2024

To evaluate and compare the smile characteristics of female adults in high angle, medium angle and low angle skeletal types. Frontal photograph at posed smile of 45 adult females were taken with the help of Canon 1500D camera. These photographs were standardized and uploaded on to the Medit Link software. Various smile characteristics like upper lip length, upper lip thickness, lower facial height, lower lip thickness, lower lip length, chin height, incisor display, buccal corridors, gingival display and smile width were measured. Descriptive statistics were carried out for the data and ANOVA test was done for comparison among the types. P-value more than 0.05 was taken to be significant. It was seen significant for gingival display and chin height in high angle types. The mean for gingival display was 2.26 mm in high angle types (P=0.000531). The mean for chin height was 34.84 mm in high angle types (P=0.016198). Smile width also showed significant results in low angles types. The mean for smile width was 63.88 mm in low angle types. The significant differences were seen to be in gingival display and chin height in high mandibular females, showing longer chin and more gingival display. In low mandibular angle females, it was seen that they have a broader smile. No significant angle wise differences were seen in other parameters.
A comparative evaluation of pre-treatment and post-treatment outcomes in patients subjected to lower incisor extraction
Authors: Mahapatra Shilpa , Mohapatra Smruti Chandan , Parameswaran Ratna 
Published: February 2024

Mandibular incisor crowding is the most frequently occurring characteristic of malocclusion, which can be resolved by removing single lower incisor. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the pre- and post-treatment outcomes through model and cephalometric analysis of the patients subjected to single lower incisor extraction. In this retrospective study pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms and models of 23 patients who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment with single incisor extraction on lower arch were evaluated. The study subjects were classified into two groups based on extraction pattern (Group I: Upper premolar and lower single incisor extraction; Group II: Upper non extraction and lower single incisor extraction). Both cephalometric and model analysis were carried out using Ilexis FACAD AB-2014 Version3.8.0.0 (Ilexis AB, Sweden). Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used to compare the pre and post-treatment quantitative parameters. A significant decrease was observed in the maxillary intermolar width, mandibular intercanine width, mandibular intermolar width, mandibular arch length and anterior Bolton’s ratio. Group I subjects revealed a greater decrease in maxillary intermolar width compared to Group II, whereas a greater decrease in mandibular intercanine width, mandibular intermolar width and anterior Bolton’s ratio was documented in Group II subjects compared to Group I. Cephalometric analysis revealed significant proclination and extrusion effect of lower incisors along with protrusive tendency of the lower lip. The findings of the present study provide an additional option of extracting single lower incisor, in borderline or Class II camouflage treatment cases.
Knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers in the practical approach of obstructive sleep apnea management
Authors: Patil Manjusha Manohar , Ambekar Anand , Kangane Suresh , Marure Pravinkumar , Joshi Yatishkumar 
Published: February 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a clinical disorder affecting almost 1 billion people globally. Untreated OSA can cause severe medical problems. Present cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 106 dentists. Convenient sampling method was used and predesigned domain-based questionnaire was employed to gather the data.Data was entered and analyzed with Epi Info software (CDC, Atlanta). Measures of central tendency was used to present the data.Most of the respondents were female 69 (65.1%) and 37(34.9%) were male. Out of total participants 81% were general dental practioners whereas orthodontics and consultants accounted for 19%. OSA though highly prevalent amongst the general population but remains highly undiagnosed. Most common perceived barrier was lack of training and cost in the management of OSA.
EMİNE SEVGİ ÖZDAMAR’IN ESERLERİNDE “SOL”
Authors: EKİZ Tevfik 
Published: February 2024

Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Almanya’da yaşayan ve ağırlıklı olarak Almanca eserler veren bir Türk yazardır. Eserleri Almanya’da, “Göçmen Edebiyatı” kapsamında ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle dil kullanımı yönüyle Alman okur kitlesinin beğenisini kazanan ve çok sayıda edebî ödüle değer görülen Emine Sevgi Özdamar’ın eserleri büyük oranda otobiyografik izler taşır.
Bilindiği üzere tarih, roman kurgusunda başvurulan kaynakların başında gelmektedir. Emine Sevgi Özdamar da romanlarında Türk ve Alman tarihine ilişkin çok sayıda toplumsal ve tarihsel olaya yer verir. Bütün bu olayların aktarımında “sol”, bir kurgu ögesi olmanın dışında yer tutar. Bu çalışmada Emine Sevgi Özdamar’ın Hayat Bir Kervansaray İki Kapısı Var Birinden Girdim Birinden Çıktım, Haliçli Köprü ve Tuhaf Yıldızlar Dünyaya Bakıyorlar Gözlerini Kırpmadan başlıklı eserlerinde söz konusu ideolojinin ele alınışı biyografisinden hareketle gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
BİR HALK BİLİMİ KAVRAMI VE ÇALIŞMA ALANI OLARAK HALK DİNİ
Authors: EREN Metin 
Published: February 2024

Halk bilimi inceleme konularından biri de dindir. Halk bilimi çalışmalarının başlangıç dönemi olan on dokuzuncu yüzyılda din, asıl olarak, ilahiyat ve antropoloji/sosyoloji disiplinlerinin konusuydu. İlahiyat alanında çalışan bilim insanları için din incelemelerinin çerçevesi yazılı gelenek ve kurumsal yapılarla sınırlıydı. Antropoloji ise sözlü geleneğe sahip ve ilkel olarak nitelendirilen toplulukların dinsel geleneklerini incelemekteydi. Halk bilimi, bu iki disiplinin ilgi odağının dışında kalan insanların inançlarını inceleme konusu edinmişti. Bu çalışmalar, çoğunlukla, yazılı ve kurumsal dinsel geleneğin içerisinde yer edinen arkaik inançları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktaydı. Bunun en önemli kısmını da halk inançları oluşturmuştur. Yirminci yüzyılın başında Alman rahip Paul Drews, kilisenin dinsel öğretisi ile, halkın dinsel yaşantısı arasındaki farkı vurgulayan bir kavram olarak halk dini kavramını önermiştir.
Don Yoder’in 1970’li yıllardaki halk dini analizi ve tanımlama çabası önemli dönüm noktalarından birisini oluşturmuştur. Yoder’in halk dini ile ilgili önerileri konuyla ilgili tartışmaları sona erdirmemiştir. Bu tartışmalara ciddi bir katkı 1990’lı yılların başında Leonard Norman Primiano tarafından yapıldı. Leonard Norman Primiano, halk dini kavramının hem semantik olarak yetersiz olduğunu hem de konunun incelenmesinin yöntemsel yenilikleri gerekli kıldığını iddia etmiştir. Bu kapsamda halk dini kavramının yerine, anlam içeriği yargı yüklü olmayan ve yöntemsel ve kuramsal yenilikler sunduğunu iddia ettiği verneküler kavramını önermiştir. Bu incelemede halk dini kavramının geçirdiği anlam değişmeleri incelenecektir.
ÇANKIRI POŞA DİLİ ÖRNEĞİNDE ELEKTRONİK SÖZLÜK HAZIRLAMA ÖNERİSİ
Authors: ÜZÜM Melike , GÖKTER GENÇER Bilge 
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışmada, etnik gruplar ve diller arası ilişkiler bağlamında, Çankırı Poşa dili örneğinden hareketle bir elektronik sözlük hazırlama önerisi sunulacaktır. Çalışmamıza konu olan Poşalar; Çankırı Alibey Mahallesi’nde izole yaşam süren ve grup dışı kişiler tarafından “cingan, elekçi, bohçacı” gibi adlarla bilinen etnik bir topluluktur. Poşaların kendi aralarında Türkçe dışında farklı bir dil konuştukları alan çalışmalarımız sonucunda ortaya konmuştur. Ancak iki dilli kabul edebileceğimiz topluluğun söz varlığına dair kaynaklarda yeterli veri yoktur. Sunulan sözlük örneği bu konuda atılacak ilk adım olacaktır.
Alan çalışması sonucunda elde edilen dil malzemesinin saklanması, dil bilgisel özelliklerinin incelenmesi, Genel Ağ (İnternet) ortamında paylaşılması iki dillilik ve dil ilişkileri bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada önerilen Poşaca elektronik sözlüğüyle; alan araştırmalarında yöntem seçimi, verilerin saklanması ve incelenmesi alanlarına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın, Türkiye’de konuşulan ve tehlikedeki diller kategorisinde değerlendirilen diğer dillerin söz varlığının belgelenmesi konusunda bir model oluşturacağı öngörülmektedir.
Sigmoid Volvulus Pada Laki-Laki Lanjut Usia: Sebuah Laporan Kasus
Authors: Musyarifah Eny , Alfa Saputra Fajar 
Published: February 2024

Volvulus sigmoid merupakan salah satu kasus yang sering terjadi akibat adanya perputaran segmen usus yang mengelilingi mesenterium. Kondisi tersebut lama-kelamaan berakibat pada penuhnya feses pada kolon dan terjadi pelebaran sehingga timbul rasa sakit. Jika tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat masuk ke dalam kasus kegawatdaruratan sehingga perlu tindakan segera. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk melaporkan kasus volvulus sigmoid pada laki-laki lanjut usia. Laki-laki berusia 63 tahun datang ke instalasi gawat darurat karena rujukan dari dokter spesialis penyakit dalam. Pasien datang dengan keluhan nyeri perut seluruh regio dan terasa seperti disayat sejak 1 bulan yang lalu. Mual muntah juga dirasakan oleh pasien. Namun, semenjak 2 hari yang lalu sakit perut semakin memberat, tidak dapat buang air besar, dan tidak dapat buang angin. Pemeriksaan fisik pada pasien ditemukan nyeri tekan pada seluruh lapang perut, takikardi, suhu subfebris. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium ditemukan leukositosis, hemoglobin menurun, hematokrit menurun, ureum meningkat, peningkatan SGOT dan SGPT. Pada pemeriksaan foto thorax didapatkan gambaran cor dan pulmo normal. Hasil pemeriksaan USG abdomen didapatkan gambaran dilatasi sistema usus dengan full feses sehingga perlu adanya pemeriksaan CT scan non kontras dengan ditemukannya volvulus sigmoid disertai dilatasi sistema usus dengan full feses.

KATA KUNCI: volvulus, perputaran, sigmoid, obstruksi usus, usus besar
Effect of Cr-solidified/stabilized Water-quenched Slag on Strength and Leaching Characteristics of Blast Furnace Slag Cement
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Zhang Yanling , Wu Shaowen , Zhang Shuai , Yuan Fang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article presents an original study into the feasibility of using blast furnace slag and stainless steel pickling sludge to produce solidified/stabilized Cr slag micro-powder and its application in slag cement. A process route for utilizing blast furnace slag to dispose of pickling sludge online is proposed. The characteristics of Cr-solidified/stabilized water-quenched slag and composite slag cement are characterized, and the feasibility and economic viability of preparing mineral slag micro-powder are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the addition of sludge increases the grindability of water-quenched slag, with a specific surface area increasing from 971m²/kg to 1125m²/kg, and a glass phase content reaching 99%. Chromium in the mineral slag micro-powder exists either in solid solution within the glass network structure or in the form of spinel phase, significantly reducing its leaching toxicity. The prepared composite slag cement, with BP5 sample as the highest compression strength of 51.4MPa, achieves an activity index of S105. SEM analysis shows that the cement mortar samples cured for 28 days form a dense gel-like structure with good hydration performance. The leaching concentration of Cr in BP5 is the lowest, only 11.6 ug/L. The evaluation of process feasibility and economics shows that the solidified Cr slag powder prepared by large-scale online disposal of sludge is feasible. It can not only bring direct economic benefits, but also eliminate the environmental threats caused by hazardous waste, reduce energy consumption, and indirectly Reduce carbon emissions.
Reassembly of ground-dwelling ant communities in reforestation plots in SW Costa Rica
Authors: Karolak Marta , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to agriculture and logging Costa Rica has lost many primary forests, making reforestation an important task. In order to judge the progress of reforestation it is important to follow the re-assembly of organismal communitiess within the restored habitats. The COBIGA project near La Gamba, in the Golfo Dulce region of Costa Rica, aims at reforestation of lowland sites with native tree species. Ants, as ubiquitous and highly abundant terrestrial organisms, have a substantial influence on tropical ecosystems. Their multiple roles include scavenging, predation, herbivory, and mutualistic interactions. We examined ant community responses, aiming to reveal the status of community regeneration and functional integrity. We compared the composition and diversity of ant assemblages at reforestation sites of three different ages (two, eight and ten years old) with an old-growth forest as a reference site. Offering canned tuna fish on ground level along replicated transects, we altogether observed 43 ant species representing six functional groups during two months of sampling. Most observed ant species were omnivorous but old-growth forest harbored a substantial number of other functional groups like generalized predators, arboreal predators, and arboreal omnivores. In contrast, the youngest reforestation site harboured a severely impoverished ant assemblage comprising mostly generalized polygynous and polydomous ant species from lower trophic levels. Within-site heterogeneity of ant assemblages increased from the youngest to the oldest forest. On top of that, our results show the importance of monitoring the progress of forest recovery to avoid the spread of invasive species into primary habitats.
Crocin improves cognitive impairment in LPS-treated rats by anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities
Authors: Dastan Maryam , Rajaei Ziba , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Salehi Hossein 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Brain inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in the neuronal apoptosis and memory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Crocin is a natural carotenoid present in the stigma of saffron which possesses radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study examined the protective impact of crocin on neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and memory deficits induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Wistar rats received crocin at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Besides, LPS (1 mg/kg, ip) was injected on days 8–12. Spatial memory was evaluated in the Morris water maze, two hours after LPS injection on days 8–12. Gene expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caspase 3 and lipid peroxidation was assessed in the hippocampal homogenates at the end of behavioral test. Histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was evaluated using H&E staining. According to results, administration of LPS caused spatial memory dysfunction accompanied by upregulation of mRNA expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and caspase 3 as well as increased lipid peroxidation and tissue damge in the hippocampus. Furthermore, crocin treatment at a dose of 100 mg/kg attenuated memory impairments, downregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and caspase 3 and decreased lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus. Crocin also ameliorated LPS-induced pathological changes and neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In conclusion, neuroprotective effects of crocin against LPS-induced histopathological and behavioural changes could be attributed to its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and radical-scavenging activities in the rat brain.
Weight gain according to Institute of Medicine 2009 in pregnant women with thyroid disorders as per their thyroid status in each trimester
Authors: LIU JIAMING , Xie Xinglei , García-Patterson Apolonia , Asla Queralt , Sardà Helena , Chico Ana , Adelantado Juan M. , Urgell Eulalia , Corcoy Rosa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate, in women with thyroid disorders the relationship between maternal thyroid status in each trimester and GWG according to Institute of Medicine (IOM).Methods Retrospective analysis of 782 pregnant women either receiving treatment with levothyroxine or attended because of hyperthyroidism. We used four summary measures of maternal thyroid status as predictors of GWG according to IOM: individual trimesters/at some point during pregnancy, subclinical and overt conditions combined/split.Results In women treated with levothyroxine, associations between maternal thyroid status and GWG were observed in three models. As an example, hyperthyroidism (subclinical/overt combined) in the second trimester, was associated with both insufficient (aOR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.07–8.22) and excessive GWG (aOR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.10–9.62). In women followed by hyperthyroidism, associations were observed in the four models. As an example, overt hypothyroidism at some point during pregnancy was associated with both insufficient GWG (aOR: 10.61, 95% CI: 2.23–50.36) and excessive GWG (aOR: 5.36, 95% CI: 1.34–21.51).Conclusions In these cohorts of pregnant women treated with levothyroxine or attended for hyperthyroidism, both maternal hypo and hyperthyroidism status display strong associations with GWG according to IOM both in expected and unexpected directions.
A SOMA-inspired Hybrid Variant of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Global Optimization
Authors: Chand Neha , Singh Dipti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is a relatively recent population-based stochastic search algorithm extensively used for solving various nonlinear global optimization problems arising in science and engineering. Like other evolutionary algorithms, this algorithm also has some limitations like poor balance between exploration and exploitation, requires large population size, and premature convergence. To address these limitations and to improve the efficiency of GOA, two hybridized variants of GOA have been proposed in this paper. In these variants, GOA is combined with the feature of another population-based algorithm which is the Self-Organizing Migrating Algorithm (SOMA). First GOA is combined with the exploitation feature of SOMA and a hybrid variant of SOMGOA is proposed. Later to balance exploitation, SOMGOA is merged with tournament selection to maintain the good quality solution of previous and current generations and SOMGOA-t is presented. The effectiveness of both the variants is analysed based on results and comparative analysis is made against the results of GOA and SOMA. A total of twenty-one standard benchmark functions with different intrinsic difficulties and four unconstrained optimization problems (gear train design, frequency modulation sound parameter identification problem, Gas transmission compressor design problem, and Optimal capacity of gas production facility) have been used for testing. The analysis of experimental results involved two statistical tests: the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Friedman statistical test. Furthermore, the statistical findings consistently affirm the superiority of the SOMGOA-t when compared to the alternative algorithms (GOA and SOMA). However, the present study is limited to solving unconstrained nonlinear optimization problems.