bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Activity Based Costing Method to Calculate the Cost of Production and Evaluate Profit
Authors: Bernawati Yustrida , Fatmawati Laylia 
Published: October 2023

This research was conducted at a manufacturing company, PT. Ionuda. The purpose of this study is to apply the method of calculating costs based on the calculation of the cost of production and how the calculation of cost of production of profits obtained by the company. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results of this research show that first, the use of the Activity-Based Costing method in calculating the cost of production imposes overhead costs based on the activity needs of each product resulting in a more accurate and informative cost of production. Second, calculation of the cost of production with the Activity-Based Cost Calculation method does not change the profit obtained by the company, only the profit contribution of each product becomes different.
Pendidikan Politik Pemilih Pemula Pada Pemilihan Umum (PEMILU) Tahun 2024 Di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
Authors: Sutrisno  , Rif’atussa’adah Sitorus Pane Siti 
Published: October 2023

Pesta demokrasi di Indonesia dilaksanakan tahun 2024 dan menjadi momentum bersejarah bagi rakyat Indonesia. Pemilu akan dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap, tahap pertama yaitu pemilu serentak untuk memilih anggota DPR, DPD, Presiden/Wakil Presiden, serta anggota DPRD Provinsi dan Kab/Kota. Sedangkan, tahap kedua merupakan pemilu serentak untuk memilih kepala daerah (Pilkada) Gubernur, Bupati/Walikota serentak secara nasional. Desain pemilu tahun 2024 yang berbeda dari pemilu sebelumnya tentunya menjadi perhatian bersama terlebih pemilih pemula. Pemilih pemula harus diberikan edukasi politik agar terbangun pengetahuan politik yang baik dan tercipta kesadaran berdemokrasi agar berpartisipasi secara maksimal pada pemilu 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pendidikan politik sangat diperlukan bagi para pemilih pemula sebagai bentuk pengenalan dan preferensi politik menjelang pemilu 2024; (2) Pemilih pemula di Kab. Aceh Tengah sudah mendapatkan informasi maupun pendampingan langsung tentang tata cara pemilu 2024 dari penyelengara pemilu dan media massa RRI Takengon di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah.

Kata kunci: Pendidikan Politik, Pemilih Pemula, Pemilu 2024, Aceh Tengah
Perilaku Sosial Remaja Peminum Minuman Keras di Desa Sibargot Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Yusuf Riski , Afnibar  , Wusqo Urwatul 
Published: October 2023

Remaja sebagai generasi penerus bangsa, diharapkan menjadi anggota masyarakat berpendidikan dan berperilaku baik. Kenyataanya banyak remaja melakukan perilaku menyimpang, seperti minum-minuman keras. Untuk itu peneliti ingin melihat lebih detil perilaku sosial mereka, di lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat, dan teman sebaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja, masyarakat, dan teman sebaya. Dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa: 1) Perilaku sosial remaja peminum-minuman keras di lingkungan keluarga, yaitu:, hubungan interaksi, komunikasi remaja peminum-minuman keras dengan keluarga tidak harmonis, karna orang tuanya tidak setuju minum-minuman keras; 2) Perilaku sosial remaja peminum-minuman keras di lingkungan masyarakat melihat remaja minum-minuman keras di warung tempat remaja berkumpul. Masyarakat sering menegur karena menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan. Bahkan melaporkan kepada kepala desa karena ada remaja yang melakukan pencurian; dan 3) perilaku sosial remaja peminum-minuman keras di lingkungan sesama teman peminum, remaja bergaul seperti biasa mereka minum-minuman keras ketika larut malam. Ketika ada teman mereka memiliki masalah mereka membantu untuk menyelesaikan. Mereka juga membantu iuran untuk membeli minuman keras ketika mereka sudah berkumpul di samping itu mereka tidak memaksa teman mereka yang tidak ikut minum bersama.
FAKTOR KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA FARMASI STIFI BHAKTI PERTIWI DALAM PEMBELIAN OBAT BEBAS DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Indrawati Budi , Rahajeng Vika Natasia , Wibowo Viko Duvadilan 
Published: October 2023

Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri, dampak ketersediaan obat bebas di apotik, toko obat, minimarket bahkan di warung. Upaya pengobatan sendiri tidak sepenuhnya kurang baik, namun penggunaan obat-obatan dari pengobatan sendiri dalam jangka waktu lama cendrung berbahaya. Strategi komunikasi yang berbasis data mengenai situasi masyarakat, yaitu pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku masyarakat dalam pemilihan obat yang aman, bermanfaat, dan bermutu perlu dirancang sehingga menghasilkan komunikasi, edukasi yang baik dan komprehensif agar tujuan pemberdayaan masyarakat tercapai. Perilaku dalam membeli dipengaruhi salah satunya faktor psikologis, yaitu faktor motivasi, persepsi, pembelajaran, serta sikap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial dan simultan Motivasi, Persepsi, Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Keputusan Pembelian obat bebas di Kota Palembang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan data primer dan skala Likert. Sampel 140 responden mahasiswa farmasi. Alat analisis dengan SPSS v.26. Hasil penelitian dan kesimpulan menunjukkan secara parsial Motivasi dan Sikap berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian obat bebas, sedangkan secara parsial Persepsi dan Pengetahuan tidak berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian obat bebas, dan secara simultan Motivasi, Persepsi, Pengetahuan dan Sikap berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian obat bebas, artinya model penelitian ini layak. Saran untuk penelitian lebih lanjut perlu untuk menambah variabel faktor perilaku konsumen lainnya.
Assessment of Farmer Knowledge Level about Recommended Production Technology in Maize (Zea mays) Crop
Authors: Priya Ruchi , Panda Chandan Kumar , Paswan Anil , Choudhary Suborna Roy , Kumar Sunil , Homa Fozia 
Published: October 2023

The present research work was conducted in the Darbhanga and Bhagalpur district of Bihar to assess the knowledge level of farmers about recommended maize production technology. The ex-post facto research design was used. Three villages are purposefully chosen for each district and a total of 210 respondents were selected randomly. Results shown that the majority of respondents (40.5%) fall into the 40–54-year age group followed by most the respondents have educational background up to the level of senior secondary. It was observed that most the respondents have farming experience range of 9 -14 years followed by BAO (Block Agriculture Officer) is the most preferred extension exposure by the respondents, most of the respondents had the membership of panchayat. The average knowledge level of respondents is determined by knowledge test which contains question regarding different cultivation practices of maize further data from result revealed that the average knowledge level in planting time, soil and land preparation, method of sowing, seed rate and spacing, irrigation management, insect- pest management is higher in Bhagalpur respondents compare to Darbhanga district respondents. Average knowledge level in insect -pest management is low in both districts compare to other cultivation practices.
The Affects of Smoking on Cataract Formation in Turkish Patients
Authors: Kurt Ali , Ersekerci Tülay Karacan , Kiliç Rasit , Konar Naime Meriç 
Published: October 2023

Aims: To investigate whether smoking influences cataract formation age and cataract type in patients who underwent senile cataract surgery.
Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department Of Ophthalmology, Ahi Evran Faculty Of Medicine between November 2014 and March 2018.
Methodology: Five hundred eighty-one patients were included, who were operated on for senile cataracts. Age, gender, cataract type, and smoking status of patients were recorded. Congenital, traumatic, drug-induced, and uveitic cataracts were excluded from the study. The smoking status of patients was divided into three groups: currently smoking, never smoking, quitted smoking. The smoking load of patients was calculated as packages/year.
Results: Of total of 581 patients, 47.8% (278) were female and 52.2% (303) were male and the mean ages were 66.68 ± 10.68 years and 66.17 ± 9.37 years, respectively. There was an association between gender and smoking status (p<0.05). Smoking rate (both currently smoking and quit smoking) was higher among males. The mean age of cataract patients who were smokers was statistically lower than the mean ages of non-smokers and quitters (p <0.001). There was a statistical association between cataract type of patients and smoking status (p=0.0152). This resulted from a lower incidence of cortical cataracts and higher incidence of posterior subcapsular and nuclear cataracts in smokers. Among these three groups, cortical cataract was the most frequent in the non-smoker group. It was found that smoking increases the posterior subcapsular cataract, but it has less effect on cortical cataract formation.
Conclusion: Smoking causes cataract formation in younger ages and higher posterior subcapsular cataract rate. We suggest that this finding may prevent beginning of smoking and increase the motivation of individuals to quit smoking.
Maintaining Progresiveness of Personal Income Tax Rates in The Indonesian Income Tax Law
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi 
Published: October 2023

This research is related to the argumentation of the plans of several tax authorities, including the Indonesian authorities, to increase the personal income tax rate. The imposition of taxes through increased individual tax rates is one way for post-Covid-19 funding. The increase in tax rates is considered not to pose a risk to consumption or the principle of tax equity. This study uses a descriptive quantitative research method that tries to explain the planned increase in tax rates by the Indonesian tax authorities is by international trends or practices, the principle of justice, and taxpayer behavior. The comparison of the taxable lower limit, rate, GDP Per Capita, PKP Upper Limit, Number of Taxable Layers, and the impact of changes in individual tax rates are used to explain this research. The G-20 and ASEAN countries were selected based on the GDP per Capita scheme and geographical proximity. This study aims to answer the relevance of the implication of imposing progressive rates with Indonesian conditions, the plan to increase tax rates for Personal Income Tax and increase the number of taxable layers. The review of the threshold of taxable income also gets a portion of this research as well. This study also reviewed the rate mantaing from 30% to return to the 35% rate. The results of the study show that the wishes of the Indonesian tax authorities are in line with trends in state financing after the Covid-19 pandemic. This rate increase is not without risk. This rate increase will have implications for changes in the behavior of individual taxpayers who are affected by regulatory changes. The plan to change the individual tax structure should also consider the principles of fairness, progressiveness, general principles of tax reform, and changes in the behavior of taxpayers who are affected by regulatory changes. Changes in tax rates should increase taxpayer voluntary compliance.
Structural Regulation of Photocatalyst to Optimize Hydroxyl Radical Production Pathways for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Yang Liujun , Chen Zhengxi , Cao Qiang , Liao Huarong , Gao Jin , Zhang Long , Wei Wanyu , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRing‐opening of phenol in wastewater is the pivotal step in photocatalytic degradation. The highly selective generation of catalytical active species (•OH) to facilitate this process presents a significant scientific challenge. Therefore, a novel approach for designing photocatalysts with single‐atom containment in metal‐covalent organic frameworks (M‐COFs) is proposed. The selection of imine‐linked COFs containing abundant N and O‐chelate sites provides a solid foundation for anchoring metal atom. These dispersed metal atom possess rapid accumulation and transfer capabilities for photogenerated electrons, while the periodic π‐conjugated structure in 2D‐COFs establishes an effective platform. Additionally, the Lewis acid properties of imine bonds in COFs can enhance the adsorption capacity toward gases with Lewis base properties, such as O2and N2. It is demonstrated that the Pd2+@Tp‐TAPT, designed based on this concept, exhibits efficient oxygen adsorption and follows the reaction pathway of O2→•O2−→H2O2→•OH with high selectivity, thereby achieving completely degradation of refractory phenol through photocatalysis within 10 min. It is anticipated that the selective generation of catalytic active species via advanced material design concepts will serve as a significant reference for achieving precise material catalysis in the future.
Achieving Record‐High Stretchability and Mechanical Stability in Organic Photovoltaic Blends with a Dilute‐absorber Strategy
Authors: Li Saimeng , Gao Mengyuan , Zhou Kangkang , Li Xin , Xian Kaihu , Zhao Wenchao , Chen Yu , He Chunyong , Ye Long 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have potential for applications in wearable electronics. Except for high power conversion efficiency (PCE), excellent tensile properties and mechanical stability are required for achieving high‐performance wearable OSCs, while the present metrics barely meet the stretchable requirements. Herein, this work proposes a facile and low‐cost strategy for constructing intrinsically stretchable OSCs by introducing a readily accessible polymer elastomer as a diluent for all‐polymer photovoltaic blends. Remarkably, record‐high stretchability with a fracture strain of up to 1000% and mechanical stability with elastic recovery >90% under cyclic tensile tests are realized in the OSCs active layers for the first time. Specifically, the tensile properties of best‐performing all‐polymer photovoltaic blends are increased by up to 250 times after blending. Previously unattainable performance metrics (fracture strain >50% and PCE >10%) are achieved simultaneously for the resulting photovoltaic films. Furthermore, an overall evaluation parameter y is proposed for the efficiency‐cost‐ stretchability balance of photovoltaic blend films. The y value of dilute‐absorber system is two orders of magnitude greater than those of prior state‐of‐the‐art systems. Additionally, intrinsically stretchable devices are prepared to showcase the mechanical stability. Overall, this work offers a new avenue for constructing and comprehensively evaluating intrinsically stretchable organic electronic films.
Space‐Confined Synthesis of Monolayer Graphdiyne in MXene Interlayer
Authors: Li Jiaqiang , Cao Haicheng , Wang Qingxiao , Zhang Hui , Liu Qing , Chen Cailing , Shi Zhan , Li Guanxing , Kong Ya , Cai Yichen , Shen Jie , Wu Ying , Lai Zhiping , Han Yu , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY) is an artificial carbon allotrope that is conceptually similar to graphene but composed of sp‐ and sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms. Monolayer GDY (ML‐GDY) is predicted to be an ideal 2D semiconductor material with a wide range of applications. However, its synthesis has posed a significant challenge, leading to difficulties in experimentally validating theoretical properties. Here, it is reported that in situ acetylenic homocoupling of hexaethynylbenzene within the sub‐nanometer interlayer space of MXene can effectively prevent out‐of‐plane growth or vertical stacking of the material, resulting in ML‐GDY with in‐plane periodicity. The subsequent exfoliation process successfully yields free‐standing GDY monolayers with micrometer‐scale lateral dimensions. The fabrication of field‐effect transistor on free‐standing ML‐GDY makes the first measurement of its electronic properties possible. The measured electrical conductivity (5.1 × 103 S m−1) and carrier mobility (231.4 cm2 V−1 s−1) at room temperature are remarkably higher than those of the previously reported multilayer GDY materials. The space‐confined synthesis using layered crystals as templates provides a new strategy for preparing 2D materials with precisely controlled layer numbers and long‐range structural order.
Hyperstable Eutectic Core‐Spun Fiber Enabled Wearable Energy Harvesting and Personal Thermal Management Fabric
Authors: Sun Zhouquan , Hu Yunhao , Wei Wei , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi , Hou Chengyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectronic textiles have gradually evolved into one of the most important mainstays of flexible electronics owing to their good wearability. However, textile multifunctionality is generally achieved by stacking functional modules, which is not conducive to wearability. Integrating these modules into a single fiber provides a better solution. In this work, a core‐spun functional fiber (CSF) constructed from hyper‐environmentally stable Zn‐based eutectogel as the core layer and polytetrafluoroethylene as the sheath is designed. The CSF achieves a synergistic output effect of piezoelectricity‐enhanced triboelectricity, as well as reliable hydrophobicity, and high mid‐infrared emissivity and visible light reflectivity. A monolayer functionalized integrated textile is woven from the CSF to enable effective energy (mechanical and droplet energy) harvesting and personal thermal management functions. Furthermore, scenarios for the energy supply, motion detection, and outdoor use of electronic fabrics for electronics applications are demonstrated, opening new avenues for the functional integration of electronic textiles.
Achieving an excellent efficiency of 11.57% in a polymer solar cell submodule with a 55 cm2 active area using 1D/2A terpolymers and environmentally friendly nonhalogenated solvents
Authors: Jung Hyeonwoo , Kim Jongyoun , Park Jaehyoung , Jahankhan Muhammad , Hwang Youngjun , Kang Byeongjae , Kim Hyerin , Park Ho‐Yeol , Ahn Pyeongkang , Um DuHyeon , Jee Je‐Sung , Shin Won Suk , Kim BongSoo , Jin Sung‐Ho , Song Chang Eun , Lee Youngu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe transition of polymer solar cells (PSCs) from laboratory‐scale unit cells to industrial‐scale modules requires the development of new p‐type polymers for high‐performance large‐area PSC modules based on environmentally friendly processes. Herein, a series of 1D/2A terpolymers (PBTPttBD) composed of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene (BDT‐F), thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6(5H)‐dione (TPD‐TT), and benzo‐[1,2‐c:4,5‐c’]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione (BDD) is synthesized for nonhalogenated solvent processed PSC submodules. The optical, electrochemical, charge‐transport, and nano‐morphological properties of the PBTPttBD terpolymers are modulated by adjusting the molar ratio of the TPD‐TT and BDD components. PBTPttBD‐75:BTP‐eC11‐based PSC submodules, processed with o‐xylene, achieve a notable PCE of 11.57% over a 55 cm2 active area. This PCE value is among the highest reported using a nonhalogenated solvent over a 55 cm2 active area module. The optimized PSC submodule exhibits minimal cell‐to‐module loss, which can be attributed to the optimized crystallinity of the PBTPttBD‐75:BTP‐eC11 photoactive layer system and favorable film formation kinetics.image
Rapid review: Guides and frameworks to inform planetary health education for health professions
Authors: MacKenzie‐Shalders K. , Zadow G. , Hensley‐Hackett K. , Marko S. , McLean M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedHuman actions have led to a range of global environmental changes. Health professionals must be prepared to deliver systemic changes to mitigate and adapt to the ecological crisis. This rapid review aimed to describe exemplar frameworks that inform planetary health education across health professions.MethodsThe rapid review methodology was informed by a scoping review process. A targeted search strategy was conducted using one representative database and additional strategies such as expert consultation and citation searching were used. Results are described narratively.ResultsOf the 11 637 articles, 17 were eligible for inclusion. The frameworks differed, with many recently developed for health professions broadly using a range of methodologies, including qualitative research, opinion/consensus data, literature reviews, and adaptation of previous models. Models such as metric‐based scoring indicators and Sustainable Quality Improvement were featured in the frameworks, as were the application of First Nations Natural Laws.ConclusionThis rapid review identifies and showcases accessible, interdisciplinary frameworks to inform the integration of planetary health in curricula, highlighting a rapidly evolving field through which interdisciplinary collaborations in healthcare are important to inform its pedagogy and application. Health education is an important component of health promotion; and thus this rapid review offers a range of approaches that health professionals, health promotion practitioners, and educators can use to inform the integration of planetary health, including sustainable healthcare, into curricula.So What?Educational frameworks are informed by research and practice and provide key guidance to practitioners and educators; summarising key available planetary health education frameworks consolidates and guides effective education and builds on the existing body of knowledge to support urgent pro‐environmental change.
Cyclosporine: Its Effects on Testicular Function and Fertility in the Prepubertal Rat
Authors: SEETHALAKSHMI L. , FLORES CARLOS , CARBONI A. A. , BALA RAM , DIAMOND DAVID A. , MENON MANI 
Published: October 2023

The authors examined the effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CsA) on the male reproductive system in prepubertal rats. Twenty‐one‐day‐old rats were subcutaneously injected with either cremaphorsaline vehicle or CsA (1 and 2 mg/kg/d). The animals were treated until they were 66 days old. Cyclosporine did not affect the weights of the body or testis but decreased the weights of all sex accessory organs. Quantitative analysis of the tubules in stage VII of spermatogenesis revealed a decline in the cell counts of pachytene spermatocytes and step VII spermatids. Testicular and epididymal sperm counts and motility were decreased by 50% and fertility by 60%.Cyclosporine lowered serum testosterone despite an elevation of LH, indicating that the drug directly inhibited testosterone synthesis. Serum creatinine levels were normal in the treated animals, precluding renal failure as the cause for this impairment. Intratesticular concentrations of pregnenolone and 17‐hydroxy progesterone were significantly elevated, while those of progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone were markedly reduced. Determination of steroidogenic enzyme activities indicated that the administration of CsA inhibited the activity of Δ5‐3B‐hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase‐Δ5‐4 isomerase (3beta‐HSD). These results clearly indicate that CsA in the doses used is harmful to the male reproductive function in prepubertal rats.