bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<em>Mainstreaming</em> de género y cambio social
Authors: Fernández Ruiz-Gálvez Encarnación 
Published: November 2023

El artículo profundiza en el concepto de mainstreaming de género, analizando sus dos componentes básicos: (i) su contenido sustantivo que es el enfoque de género, de acuerdo con el cual la desigualdad entre mujeres y varones es un fenómeno sistémico cuya raíz última sería el género entendido como la (re)construcción social de la diferencia entre los sexos y de las relaciones entre ellos; y (ii) el mainstreaming como estrategia para alcanzar la igualdad, estrategia consistente en incorporar la perspectiva de la igualdad de género en todas las normas y en todas las políticas (transversalidad, enfoque global), estrategia que sería complementaria y no excluyente de la igualdad de trato y de las acciones positivas y que aspiraría a ser particularmente incisiva para el logro del mencionado objetivo. Teniendo en cuenta que la meta del mainstreaming de género es la transformación social, la modif icación de las relaciones entre los sexos, así como de sus representaciones sociales y la existencia de una gran ambigüedad en torno a cuál debe ser el sentido y la dirección de los cambios, en el trabajo se argumenta que la transformación social debe ir en la línea de superar tanto el asimilacionismo (asunción de los modelos masculinos por parte de las mujeres), como el dualismo entre mujeres y varones, el mantenimiento de esferas separadas y distintas, pues ambos hacen imposible la consecución de la igualdad real. La transfor- mación social, que requiere incorporar a los varones al cambio, debería orientarse hacia la consecución de una mezcla positiva (a positive form of melding), de un nuevo modelo de sociedad superador del androcentrismo, pues el paradigma de lo humano, susceptible de universalizarse, serían no sólo los valores “masculinos”, sino todas las cualidades, ca- pacidades y posibilidades humanas, tanto las que forman parte del modelo “masculino”, como las que forman parte del modelo “femenino”, pues todas ellas son valores humanos que cualquier ser humano puede practicar.Por último el artículo destaca las potencialidades que encierra la estrategia de Gender Mainstreaming y también los riesgos y las dif icultades que comporta.
Hegel bajo la rojigualda. A propósito de dos libros de Federico Fernández-Crehuet
Authors: Trujillano Rubén Pérez 
Published: November 2023

Es reseña de:Federico Fernández-Crehuet López: Hegel bajo la esvástica. La filosofía jurídica de Karl Larenz y Julius Binder, Granada, Comares, 2017, 126 páginas. Federico Fernández-Crehuet López: El Leviathan franquista. Notas sobre la teoría del Estado bajo la Dictadura, Granada, Comares, 2017, 98 páginas.
ASISTENCIA LETRADA A LA VÍCTIMA DE VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO, PACTO DE ESTADO Y REFORMAS LEGISLATIVAS
Authors: Peláez Solís Filomena 
Published: November 2023

Pautas de actuación letrada de los abogados y abogadas de las víctimas de violencia de género. Intervención del letrado o letrada de la víctima en el orden penal, desde el momento previo a la interposición de una denuncia por violencia de género, con solicitud de Orden de Protección, hasta la ejecución de la sentencia condenatoria. Intervención en el orden civil con el inicio de un procedimiento civil ante el Juzgado de Violencia Sobre la Mujer solicitando en su caso las medidas paterno-filiales o la separación o el divorcio. Propuestas desde la Abogacía al Pacto de Estado en materia de violencia de género. Reformas legislativas previstas en respuesta al Pacto de Estado
DIAGNOSIS EN CASOS DE ASESINATO POR VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO: Estudios sobre los casos de muerte por causa de violencia de género en Andalucía
Authors: Sepúlveda García de la Torre M.ª Ángeles , Genovés García Aurora 
Published: November 2023

El objetivo es conocer las circunstancias y tratamiento judicial de asesinatos por violencia de género. Se plantea el diagnóstico forense de muerte, se exponen resultados de la investigación realizada por Genovés et al. en 2018 sobre150 casos de muerte por violencia de género en Andalucía, se plantea un posible patrón de conducta basado en la teoría de los pensamientos obsesivos y rumia silenciosa. Los resultados muestran una violencia anunciada, sin trastornos mentales graves, los asesinatos se mantienen constantes en el tiempo, la violencia empleada suele ser excesiva en comparación con otras muertes, el instrumento más usado es arma blanca, el agresor no se esconde, no suele arrepentirse, la calificación ha sido de asesinato en un 79%, concurriendo alevosía en un 91% de los casos, la indefensión de la víctima es buscada y utilizada por el agresor, el domicilio familiar es el lugar donde más asesinatos se producen. Se aprecia una evolución positiva en la aplicación del derecho. Es necesaria la perspectiva de género en la Justicia.
Reducing implicit bias in the neurosurgery application and interview process: a single-institution experience
Authors: Wong Georgia M. , Cobourn Kelsey , Smith Kitara , Covell Michael M. , Dowlati Ehsan , Breton Jeffrey M. , Pivazyan Gnel , Nair M. Nathan 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
The neurosurgical match is a challenging process for applicants and programs alike. Programs must narrow a wide field of applicants to interview and then determine how to rank them after limited interaction. To streamline this, programs commonly screen applicants using United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step scores. However, this approach removes nuance from a consequential decision and exacerbates existing biases. The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of effecting minor modifications to the residency application process, as the authors have done at their institution, specifically by reducing the prominence of USMLE board scores and Alpha Omega Alpha (AΩA) status, both of which have been identified as bearing racial biases.

METHODS
At the authors’ institution, residents and attendings holistically reviewed applications with intentional redundancy so that every file was reviewed by two individuals. Reviewers were blinded to applicants’ photographs and test scores. On interview day, the applicant was evaluated for their strength in three domains: knowledge, commitment to neurosurgery, and integrity. For rank discussions, applicants were reviewed in the order of their domain scores, and USMLE scores were unblinded. A regression analysis of the authors’ rank list was made by regressing the rank list by AΩA status, Step 1 score, Step 2 score, subinternship, and total interview score.

RESULTS
No variables had a significant effect on the rank list except total interview score, for which a single-point increase corresponded to a 15-position increase in rank list when holding all other variables constant (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The goal of this holistic review and domain-based interview process is to mitigate bias by shifting the focus to selected core qualities in lieu of traditional metrics. Since implementation, the authors’ final rank lists have closely reflected the total interview score but were not significantly affected by board scores or AΩA status. This system allows for the removal of known sources of bias early in the process, with the aim of reducing potential downstream effects and ultimately promoting a final list that is more reflective of stated values.
Greater improvement in Neck Disability Index scores in women after surgery for cervical myelopathy: an analysis of the Quality Outcomes Database
Authors: Patel Arati , Kondapavulur Sravani , Umbach Gray , Chan Andrew K. , Le Vivian P. , Bisson Erica F. , Bydon Mohamad , Chou Dean , Glassman Steve D. , Foley Kevin T. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Potts Eric A. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Coric Domagoj , Knightly John J. , Park Paul , Wang Michael Y. , Fu Kai-Ming , Slotkin Jonathan , Asher Anthony L. , Virk Michael S. , Haid Regis W. , Gottfried Oren , Meyer Scott , Upadhyaya Cheerag D. , Tumialán Luis M. , Turner Jay D. , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
There is a high prevalence of cervical myelopathy that requires surgery; as such, it is important to identify how different groups benefit from surgery. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons launched the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD), a prospective longitudinal registry, that includes demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcome data to measure the safety and quality of neurosurgical procedures. In this study, the authors assessed the impact of gender on patient-reported outcomes in patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy.

METHODS
The authors analyzed 1152 patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy and were included in the QOD cervical module. Univariate comparison of baseline patient characteristics between males and females who underwent surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy was performed. Baseline characteristics that significantly differed between males and females were included in a multivariate generalized linear model comparing baseline and 1-year postoperative Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores.

RESULTS
This study included 546 females and 604 males. Females demonstrated significantly greater improvement in NDI score 1 year after surgery (p = 0.036). In addition to gender, the presence of axial neck pain and insurance status were also significantly predictive of improvement in NDI score after surgery (p = 0.0013 and p = 0.0058, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Females were more likely to benefit from surgery for cervical myelopathy compared with males. It is important to identify gender differences in postoperative outcomes after surgery in order to deliver more personalized and patient-centric care.
Effect of online public domain representation in neurosurgical resident recruitment and decision-making
Authors: Harper Cierra N. , Eden Sonia , Ashley William W. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
Over the past 20 years, female representation in neurosurgical residency programs has steadily increased. Still, the number of Black women and Black neurosurgical residents overall has remained stagnant. The authors aimed to understand the factors that led to this stagnation and how online public domain representation informs current and upcoming resident recruitment and decision-making.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective study using the following public domain sources: Doximity, neurosurgical residency program websites, and LinkedIn. The authors collected data from all neurosurgery residents who matriculated into a US neurosurgical residency program from 2015 to 2022. Variables, including name, race, gender, year of matriculation, medical school, and undergraduate institution, were recorded.

RESULTS
The authors analyzed resident data from 110/113 (97.3%) US neurological surgery residency programs. Of these programs, 106 (96.4%) matriculated and retained ≥ 1 female resident over the study period. There were 408 (22.6%) female neurosurgical residents, with 37 (33.6%) programs accounting for 57.8% of all female neurosurgical residents. For those states with a female resident, the lowest percentage of female residents by state was in Iowa (6.25%) and the highest was in New Hampshire (50%). Of all programs, 60 (54.5%) matriculated and retained ≥ 1 Black resident over the study period. There were 88 (4.9%) Black neurosurgical residents, with 19 (17.3%) programs accounting for 55.7% of all Black neurosurgical residents. For those states with a Black resident, the lowest percentage of Black residents by state was in Maryland (2.0%) and the highest was in Arkansas (23.1%).

CONCLUSIONS
Recruiting and retaining female and Black residents has increasingly become a focus of neurosurgical programs across the country. The authors’ data show that female and Black residents overwhelmingly choose to apply to and matriculate into programs that demonstrate a commitment to diversity via their online presence. Programs wishing to recruit more diverse residents should make efforts to relay their dedication to diversity, inclusion, and performance through their online presence.
Utility of the material community deprivation index as a metric to identify at-risk children for severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gaulden Amber L. , Trinidad Stephen , Moody Suzanne , Kotagal Meera , Mangano Francesco T. , Patel Smruti K. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with lasting effects including neurological deficits and psychological comorbidities. Recent studies have shown that social determinants of health are key factors that impact clinical outcomes in other pediatric traumatic injuries, suggesting that these health disparities may have a significant impact on patients sustaining TBI as well. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review a cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with TBI and elucidate the relationships among socioeconomic deprivation, patient-specific demographics, and morbidity and mortality.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric patients (≤ 18 years of age) treated for TBI at a level I pediatric trauma center between 2016 and 2020. Patients with concussion-related injuries without intracranial findings and those with nonaccidental trauma were excluded from the study. In addition to evaluating basic patient demographics, the authors geocoded patient addresses to allow identification of the patient’s home census tract using the material community deprivation index (MCDI). The MCDI is a unique composite index score created by the combination of six census variables and ranges from 0 to 1 in severity.

RESULTS
Of the 513 patients included in this study, 71 (13.8%) were diagnosed with severe TBI, 28 (5.5%) with moderate TBI, and 414 (80.7%) with mild TBI. Patients in quartile 4 (MCDI ≥ 0.45) were at a significantly higher risk of having a severe TBI than patients in quartile 1 (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.1–4.71; p = 0.02). Black patients were more likely to have a firearm-related TBI (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.01–8.7; p = 0.018) than non-Black patients. Patients who lived in a neighborhood with a lower MCDI were significantly more likely to be discharged home than those who lived in an area with a higher MCDI (OR 2.78, 95% CI 7.90–32.93; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that inequities continue to exist within the pediatric TBI population and that the MCDI is a valuable tool to identify at-risk subpopulations. More specifically, patients who lived in a neighborhood with a higher MCDI were at higher risk of sustaining a severe TBI. By partnering with communities, families, and policymakers, healthcare providers could serve as advocates for these patients and work to minimize the social disparities that continue to exist.
County-level disparities in care for patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Ramapriyan Rishab , Ramesh Tarun , Yu Hao , Richardson Leland G. , Nahed Brian V. , Carter Bob S. , Barker Fred G. , Curry William T. , Choi Bryan D. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in neuro-oncological care for patients with brain tumors remain underexplored. This study aimed to analyze county-level disparities in glioblastoma (GBM) care in the United States, focusing on access to surgery and the use of adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

METHODS
Using repeated cross-sectional data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 17 database; the Area Health Resources File; and the American Community Survey, from 2010 to 2019, the authors performed multivariate regression analyses to understand the associations between county-level racial and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as the rates of surgery performed, delays in surgery, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for newly diagnosed GBM.

RESULTS
In total, 29,609 GBM patients from 602 different US counties over a decade were included in this study. Counties with lower rates of surgery for GBM were associated with a higher percentage of Black residents (coefficient [CE] −0.001, 95% CI −0.002 to 0; p < 0.05) and being located in the Midwest (CE −0.132, 95% CI −0.195 to −0.069; p < 0.001) or West (CE −0.127, 95% CI −0.189 to −0.065; p < 0.001) relative to the Northeast. Counties with delayed surgical treatment were more likely to lack neurosurgeons (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.52, 95% CI 1.77–3.60; p < 0.001), have a higher percentage of Black residents (aOR 1.011, 95% CI 1.00–1.02; p < 0.05), and be located in the Midwest (aOR 3.042, 95% CI 1.12–8.24; p < 0.05) or West (aOR 3.175, 95% CI 1.12–8.97 p < 0.05). Counties with high rates of adjuvant radiation therapy were less likely to have higher percentages of Black residents (aOR 0.987, 95% CI 0.980–0.995; p < 0.01) and uninsured individuals (aOR 0.962, 95% CI 0.937–0.987; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Counties without neurosurgeons and those with a higher percentage of Black patients have delays in surgical care and demonstrate lower overall rates of surgery and adjuvant therapy for GBM. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions and policies that address structural barriers in healthcare access, improve equitable distribution of the neurosurgery workforce, and ensure timely and comprehensive GBM care to all populations.
Gender concordance and publication productivity within Neurosurgical Focus: a 10-year review (2013–2022)
Authors: Roy Joanna M. , Segura Aaron , Skandalakis Georgios P. , Rumalla Kavelin , Estes Emily , Iqbal Javed , Riaz Muhammad Asjad , Sidebottom Rachel , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
The "leaky academic pipeline" describes how female representation in leadership positions has remained stagnant despite an increase in the number of female trainees. Female mentorship to female mentees, and female role models at higher academic positions have been shown to positively influence academic productivity. To the authors’ knowledge, the impact of female editorial board representation on authorship trends in neurosurgical journals remains undescribed. This study aimed to analyze trends in the representation of female topic editors and its impact on female authorship within Neurosurgical Focus over a 10-year period.

METHODS
Publicly available data were collected from the journal’s website, inclusive from January 2013 to December 2022. The articles were grouped into technical and nontechnical themes based on their relevance to specific technical details regarding surgical techniques. Female gender–concordant publications were defined as publications having a female first author (or co–first author) and a female senior author. Linear regression analysis determined trends in publishing. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Pearson correlation and cross-correlation analyses were used to examine each pairwise comparison of time series. The statistical significance of associations was evaluated using t-tests and chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.

RESULTS
The number of female topic editors and gender-concordant authors increased over time (p < 0.05). Women accounted for ≥ 50% of the topic editors on nontechnical themes relevant to education and gender diversity. Having a female senior author was associated with higher publication productivity for original research and review articles among female authors (OR 13.73, 95% CI 1.75–394.31; p < 0.05). Female authors had higher odds of publishing editorials with a female topic editor (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.37–11.02; p < 0.01). Publications with female first and senior authors were significantly more likely to have female topic editors (OR 4.05, 95% CI 1.38–12.92; p < 0.01). A positive association was observed between female senior authors and female topic editors at lag −8, with a correlation coefficient of 0.19 (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Female attending–to–female trainee mentorship and female representation among editorial boards play a crucial role in enhancing academic productivity among women. Efforts to sustain academic productivity during the early-career period would presumably help increase female representation in neurosurgery.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS SUGGESTS FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATE ENVIRONMENTAL DNA IS MORE CONCENTRATED IN SURFACE WATER THAN IN BENTHIC SEDIMENTS
Authors: Willbanks Paton , Hays Hayden , Kabat Kristin L. , Barnes Matthew A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The collection, identification, and census of freshwater invertebrates helps to increase understanding of the ecological function of lakes and streams. However, this work can be time-consuming and laborious because invertebrate identification often requires considerable taxonomic training and expertise. The collection and analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA), the genetic material that organisms shed into their surrounding environment, represents a potentially revolutionary approach for rapid and accurate invertebrate surveillance in freshwater environments. Previous studies have demonstrated that fish eDNA tends to be more abundant in freshwater lake sediments than the water column above, so we conducted an experiment to examine whether this pattern holds true for freshwater invertebrates. We collected paired samples from benthic sediments and the water column at ten sites around an urban playa lake in Lubbock, Texas. Based on cycle threshold values from quantitative PCR (qPCR) amplification with universal invertebrate primers targeting the COI gene, a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman rank-order correlation suggested that invertebrate eDNA quantities were correlated between the sediment and water column but consistently more concentrated in the water compared to the sediment below, directly contrasting with previous studies of fish eDNA. Future work combining eDNA detection and high-throughput sequencing (i.e., metabarcoding) will increase understanding of how eDNA signals relate to local invertebrate pools and increase the utility of eDNA sampling for freshwater invertebrates.
KEEFEKTIFAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM DAN GOOGLE MEET DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER BELAJAR MAHASISWA DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Muslimah Muslimah , Ulfa Marya 
Published: November 2023

<em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat keefektifan media pembelajaran Google Classroom dan Google Meet dalam meningkatkan karakter belajar mahasiswa . Pendekatan penelitiannya kuantitatif dan jenisnya korelasional. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Bahasa dan Budaya Untag Semarang. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun menurut model skala likert.Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial (korelasi parsial dan regresi ganda) menggunakan program IBM SPSS Statistic 25 . Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun menurut model skala likert. Hasil peneltian menunjukan bahwa tes kemampuan akhir yang diperoleh responden sangat bervariatif sesuai dengan kriteria ketuntasan. Uji validitas menunjukkan bahwa semua item indikator adalah valid. Hasil uji reliabilitas terhadap keseluruhan variabel adalah reliabel. Dalam Uji normalitas menunjukkan bahwa semua data adalah normal. Pada Uji linieritas terdapat hubungan linear secara signifikan antara variabel motivasi (X) dengan variabel Media Pembelajaran (Y). Berdasarkan hasil uji multikolinieritas antar variabel tersebut tidak terjadi multikolinieritas. Kesimpulannya bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran Google Classroom dan Google Meet dalam meningkatkan karakter belajar mahasiswa di masa pandemi 89,3% sangat efektif digunakan.</em>