bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Medical Assessment of Migrants: Current Limitations and Future Potential
Authors: Keane V.P. , Gushulak B.D. 
Published: March 2003

Attempts to control the importation of infectious diseases through the medical screening and evaluation of immigrants and refugees represent the modern application of some of the earliest recorded public health interventions.States with long‐standing immigration programmes continue to require the medical examination and screening of migrants for certain diseases. In some instances, the public health effectiveness of these immigration medical assessments is of questionable value when considered from a population health basis.This article reviews current practices and describes recent studies where more modern and epidemiologically based immigration medical interventions have been undertaken. A more effective immigration medical assessment process is proposed through the use of results of this more empirical approach to immigration medical screening.
Structuration of Indian Information Technology Professionals’ Migration to Australia: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Xiang Biao 
Published: March 2003

Information Technology (IT) is leading to a new form of capital accumulation as is clearly evident in the IT industry. Regardless of its origin and amount, capital can be circulated and accumulated on a global scale, at an unprecedented speed and therefore with extreme volatility. An urgent task of the study of globalization and migration is to understand the international labour system of the “new economy”.This article is an ethnographic study of those agents who have been the main means by which Indian IT professionals move globally. “Body shopping” is the practice whereby a firm recruits IT workers and then farms them out to clients for a particular project, though the firm itself is not involved in the project.The key players in “body shopping” are a series of recruitment agents. They form “agent chains” where they depend on each other and assume different functions in dealing with the market, the state and the workers. “Body shops” rely on ethnic networks. Their practices have led to the emergence of a flexible international labour supply system that benefits some IT professionals but also imposes costs.
Towards a Coherent Policy of Co–Development
Authors: Weil Patrick 
Published: March 2003

This paper seeks to demonstrate the major benefits that a dedicated policy of co–development can bring to three major actors affected by immigration: receiving states, countries of origin, and the immigrants themselves. True co–development involves sustained cooperation between receiving nations and source nations in the management of both legal and illegal migratory flows. At the same time, it fosters the economic and demographic development of both the sending and the receiving country. This cooperation is based in large measure on understanding that, more than ever before, the best migration policy for developed nations is one that seeks not to block, but to smoothly regulate the circulation and re–circulation of the majority of foreigners and immigrants. As a result, Northern countries will be able to concentrate the state’s limited control resources on selected targets such as criminals, delinquents, and migrants arrested multiple times for unauthorized entry or residence. Developed nations must recognize that the vast majority of immigrants wish to retain close links to their country of origin, and with drastically improved transportation and communication links, most migrants are increasingly able to do so. Northern states should adapt policies that, for the most part, accommodate immigrants’ wishes to maintain active ties to their homeland. Such measures are generally in the best interests of the receiving countries, source countries, and of course, the immigrants themselves.The various problems faced by these three main actors regarding migration as they seek to pursue activities in their best interest is considered, followed by the advantages that a policy of co–development has for these actors: for receiving nations in terms of meeting labour force needs, reducing demographic problems, and controlling illegal immigration; and for source countries in terms of increased access to visas, increased amounts and efficacy of remittances, and the return and re–circulation of skilled and seasonal workers, and retirees.The interests of the immigrants themselves will be considered at various points throughout the discussion, in the context of the effects that the various policies of receiving and sending countries will have on them.
„Qualitative“ Bankenaufsicht – „Königsweg“ der Regulierung?
Authors: Paul Stephan 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Banking regulation in the twenty-first century is at the crossroads. The article discusses the question whether the supervisory review of bank risk management systems is superior to the minimum capital requirements in traditional style. It points out the serious problems of both ways - especially the first one, which was preferred by the Basle Committee of Banking Supervision in its proposal ,,A new capital adequacy framework`` (June 1999).
Das European Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee: Ein Beitrag zur Regulierungskultur in Europa
Authors: Benink Harald A. , Schmidt Reinhard H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe turbulence in the international financial markets in the 1980s inspired the idea that independent academics might be in a position to make a contribution to the improvement of regulation and thus ultimately also to the stability of the national financial sector in the United States. This led to the creation of the US “Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee“, a group of academics and other independent experts working in the field of financial regulation, which meets regularly and issues statements concerning conceptual as well as current issues in financial regulation. Two years ago, a similar shadow committee was founded in Europe. It is composed of members from 11 different countries. The special problems of financial regulation in Europe, as well as the special features of the European Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee (ESFRC), derive from the fact that despite the trend towards economic and political integration, Europe is still a collection of different nations with different institutional set-ups and political and economic traditions. In this paper, Harald Benink, chairman of the ESFRC, and Reinhard H. Schmidt, one of the two German members, describe the origin, the objectives and the functioning of the committee and the thrust of its recommendations.
Die deutsche Steuerbelastung im internationalen Vergleich: Warum Deutschland (k)eine Steuerreform braucht
Authors: Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Frank , Schmidt Carsten 
Published: March 2003

Abstract This paper attacks the widespread view that the latest (corporate) income tax reform in Germany was urgently needed to reduce the tax burden on the German economy. In the run-up to this tax reform, the public debate focused on nominal income tax rates and hence neglected the determination of the tax base. Empirical results on effective tax burdens in OECD countries show that a reform of German (corporate) capital taxation cannot be justified on the grounds of the tax burden. The international comparison of effective average tax rates shows that the corporate tax burden in Germany steadily declined from 1980 and was in 1996 lower than in most other industrialised countries. However, we argue that not only the actual tax burden but also the complexity of a tax system determines its international competitiveness. A German tax reform was - and still is - necessary due to the lasting complexity of the tax system and the relatively high tax burden on labour.
Integration of motion parallax with binocular disparity specifying different surface shapes
Authors: Ichikawa Makoto , Saida Shinya 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:We investigated the interaction between motion parallax and binocular disparity cues in the perception of surface shape and depth magnitude by the use of the random dot stimuli in which these cues specified sinusoidal depth surfaces undulating with different spatial frequencies. When ambiguous motion parallax is inconsistent with unambiguous disparity cue, the reasonable solution for the visual system is to convert the motion signal to the flow on the surface specified by disparity. Two experiments, however, found that the visual system did not always use this reasonable solution; observers often perceived the surface specified by a composite of the two cues, or the surface specified by parallax alone. In the perception of this composite of the two cues, the apparent depth magnitude increased with the increase of the depth magnitude specified by both cues. This indicates that the visual system can combine the depth magnitude information from parallax and disparity in an additive fashion. The interference with parallax by disparity implies that the parallax processing is not independent of the disparity processing.
The Power of Unsilencing: Between Silence and Negotiation in Heterosexual Relationships
Authors: Benjamin Orly 
Published: March 2003

Orly Benjamin, The Power of Unsilencing: Between Silence and Negotiation in Heterosexual Relationships, pp. 1–19. This article proposes an analysis of the social process of unsilencing in the specific context of heterosexual relationships. Unsilencing is the process in which an individual woman becomes empowered to the extent of voicing what is silenced by structural hierarchies that shape her experiences of the heterosexual relationships she is involved in. I connect the process of unsilencing to the sociological notion of “negotiated order” and a feminist notion of the self as fragmented and continually changing. Unsilencing is conceived as a response to power operating on three levels: emotional connection that empowers a contesting meaning structure; a process of distancing that empowers the individual in overcoming positioning processes; and an increased sense of authenticity in relation to the set of emotional management, language and beliefs embedded in the contesting meaning structure.
The Limits to Safety? Culture, Politics, Learning and Man–Made Disasters
Authors: Pidgeon Nick 
Published: March 2003

Three interrelated questions are posed. First, what is the significance of culture for theories of institutional resilience and vulnerability? Second, what are the cultural possibilities for organizational safety and learning? Third, can a theory of institutional vulnerability to disaster and crisis be translated into one of practical resilience? The paper explores these issues with reference to Barry Turner’s seminal Man‐Made Disasters model of system vulnerability together with more recent extensions and critiques.Attempts to move from this framework to a theoretical characterization of the ‘safe’ organization are outlined, as is parallel research on high reliability organizations. Critique of this work in the debate over the limits to safety in complex organizations has focused in particular upon the political processes which corrupt possibilities for organizational learning. It is argued that such political problems, and in particular that of blame in organizations, ultimately require political solutions. Examples are given of solutions in aviation monitoring systems.
Crisis Awareness and Organizational Response Capabilities in Present Japanese Local Governments: Crisis Awareness Survey Findings
Authors: Tanifuji Etsushi 
Published: March 2003

The crises facing today’s public administration are numerous and varied. It is now, more than ever, a necessity that municipal, prefectural and national governments deal with those crisis management issues. The major premise in being able to advance crisis management is the awareness of potential crises. If a certain situation is not considered or realized to be a potential hazard, no specific crisis management countermeasures will have been prepared, nor will any administrative measures have been taken.With that in mind, the author, created a survey focused on the ‘risk awareness framework’ for prefectures and cabinet ordinance‐designated cities in Japan. The researchers attempted to examine the characteristics of, and problems related to, current crisis management administration by examining several factors, including organizational crisis management responses, training and education of crisis management personnel and problems in the crisis management determination system.
Classes of disruptive behaviour in a sample of young elementary school children
Authors: van Lier Pol A.C. , Verhulst Frank C. , van der Ende Jan , Crijnen Alfons A.M. 
Published: March 2003

Background: The objectives were to (1) classify young children to groups differing in disruptive behaviour, (2) determine whether the patterns of disruptive behaviour in these groups are in accordance with the conceptualisation of disruptive disorders as described in DSM‐IV, and (3) optimise the classification of children in groups.Methods: Disruptive behaviour of 636 seven‐year‐old elementary schoolchildren was assessed with the CBCL/4‐18. Using CBCL items rated as very consistent with DSM‐IV categories Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, latent class analyses were applied to identify classes of children differing in patterns of disruptive behaviour.Results: Three classes were identified: (1) high levels of oppositional defiant problems (ODD problems) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity problems (ADH problems) and intermediate levels of Conduct problems; (2) intermediate ODD problems and ADH problems and low levels of Conduct problems; (3) low levels on all disruptive behaviours.Conclusions: No classes were identified in which children had symptoms of only Conduct problems, only ODD problems or only ADH problems. Covariates (socio‐economic status, gender, parenting stress) improved the classification of children. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for classification, identification of children at risk, prevention and treatment of disruptive behaviour in young children.
Children's colour choices for completing drawings of affectively characterised topics
Authors: Burkitt Esther , Barrett Martyn , Davis Alyson 
Published: March 2003

Background:This study was designed to explore whether or not children systematically use particular colours when completing drawings of affectively characterised topics.Method:Three hundred and thirty 4–11‐year‐old children were subdivided into three conditions, colouring in a drawing of a man, a dog, or a tree, respectively. The children completed two test sessions in counterbalanced order. In one session, children rated and ranked ten colours in order of preference. In the other session, children completed three colouring tasks in which they had to colour in three identical figures but which had been given different affective characterisations: a neutrally characterised figure, a figure characterised as nasty, and a figure characterised as nice.Results:It was found that, in all age groups and for all topics, the children used their more preferred colours for the nice figures, their least preferred colours for the nasty figures, and colours rated intermediately for the neutral figures. It was also found that, in all age groups and for all topics, black tended to be the most frequently chosen colour for colouring in the drawings of the negatively characterised figures. By contrast, primary colours were predominantly selected for the neutral figure, while a wide range of mainly primary and secondary colours were chosen for colouring in the nice figure.Conclusions:These results suggest that children are able to alter systematically their use of colour during picture completion tasks in response to differential affective topic characterisations, and that even very young children are able to use colours symbolically.
Parental mental health and children's adjustment: the quality of marital interaction and parenting as mediating factors
Authors: Leinonen Jenni A. , Solantaus Tytti S. , Punamäki Raija‐Leena 
Published: March 2003

Background: Research has put emphasis on the process of transmission of mental‐health problems from parents to children. This study examines the specificity of the interpersonal relationships mediating these symptoms.Method: Information about parent and child mental health, marital interaction, and parenting was received from 527 mothers and fathers. Information about child mental health was also received from their 12‐year‐old children (260 girls and 267 boys).Results: The results confirm that parental mental‐health problems can compromise a mother's and father's parenting abilities and represent a threat to their children's adjustment. The results suggest that the different types of parental mental‐health problems initiate specific paths between parental and child mental‐health problems. The results also reveal examples of how the mediation may depend on both the parents’ and the children's gender.Conclusions: The results further suggest that opposite‐sex parenting is important to children's adjustment during the years of early adolescence.
2002 Carolyn Sherif Award Address: Gender, Race, and Generation in a Midwest High School: Using Ethnographically Informed Methods in Psychology
Authors: Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: March 2003

Abigail Stewart Sherif Award Citation. For your exceptional contributions to feminist psychology, the Society for the Psychology of Women presents to you the Carolyn Wood Sherif Award. Your entire career has been marked by distinction; you have been as prolific in publishing as you have been in mentoring. You have illuminated women's lives, their personalities, their development, and their adaptation to change. You have advanced feminist theory, and your academic leadership has created the opportunity for students to do graduate work in feminist psychology. We honor you and your work with gratitude. In this essay I make two arguments. First, I argue for the value of ethnographically informed methods in psychology in general and particularly for the psychology of women. Second, I argue for the importance of the role of generation in psychology, perhaps particularly in the study of values and social identities. In advancing these arguments, I draw on evidence from an ongoing, ethnographically informed study of the graduates of a Midwestern high school in the mid-1950s and late 1960s. The two generations of graduates have distinctive accounts of their experiences, with the older generation's accounts consistent across gender and race, and the younger generation's accounts inflected by both race and gender. Differences in the form of generational identity in the two cohorts are discussed.
Asian Economic Integration and Stock Market Comovement
Authors: Johnson Robert , Soenen Luc 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsing daily returns from 1988 to 1998, we investigate to what degree twelve equity markets in Asia are integrated with Japan's equity market and examine the factors that affect the level of economic integration. We find that the equity markets of Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Singapore are highly integrated with the stock market in Japan. There is also evidence that these Asian markets become more integrated over time, especially since 1994. A higher import share as well as a greater differential in inflation rates, real interest rates, and gross domestic product growth rates have negative effects on stock market comovements between country pairs. Conversely, increased export share by Asian economies to Japan and greater foreign direct investment from Japan to other Asian economies contribute to greater comovement.
Claims Auditing in Automobile Insurance: Fraud Detection and Deterrence Objectives
Authors: Tennyson Sharon , Salsas‐Forn Pau 
Published: March 2003

AbstractResearch on insurer management of opportunism in claiming has developed in two parallel literatures. One is a theoretical literature on insurance contracting that yields predictions about the nature of optimal auditing strategies for the deterrence of fraud. The other is a literature based upon statistical analysis of claims that yields empirical strategies for the detection of fraudulent claims. This article links the two literatures by providing an empirical assessment of insurers’ auditing practices in relation to theoretical predictions. The analysis makes use of a data set on the disposition of more than 1,000 randomly selected automobile personal injury protection claims settled in the state of Massachusetts. The findings of the article are consistent with the use of rational auditing strategies by insurers and with the use of audits for both deterrence and detection.
Toward a sociocognitive approach to second Llanguage acquisition
Authors: Atkinson Dwight 
Published: March 2003

This article develops the notion of a sociocognitive perspective on second language acquisition (SLA), proposed as an alternative to the cognitivism pervading the field. By sociocognitive, I mean a view of language and language acquisition as simultaneously occurring and interactively constructed both “in the head” and “in the world.”First, I develop a view of language and its acquisition as social phenomena—as existing and taking place for the performance of action in the (socially‐mediated) world. Second, I describe the cognitive nature of language and its acquisition, focusing especially on recent developments in connectionism. Third, I introduce sociocognitive views of language and posit a social interpretation of connectionism as bridging the gap between cognition and social action. Fourth, I discuss sociocognitive perspectives on first language acquisition. Fifth, I describe the cognitivist biases of much SLA research, then suggest how sociocognitive approaches can help overcome them. I end by considering implications of the perspective I develop in this paper.
Welfare Reform, Mississippi Style: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and the Search for Accountability
Authors: Breaux David A. , Duncan Christopher M. , Keller C. Denise , Morris John C. 
Published: March 2003

Through an examination of the implementation of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act in the state of Mississippi, we explore the adequacy of traditional two‐actor principal‐agent theory. Using this as our lens, we suggest that the choices made by Mississippi in the area of welfare reform to privatize much of the work and to add several layers to the existing principal‐agent relationship substantially reduced accountability and the effectiveness of the monitoring systems. We conclude that not only is traditional principal‐agent theory an insufficient tool for understanding the complex interrelationship between democratic actors in this particular case, the decisions of the state of Mississippi to complicate the principal‐actor relationship through privatization also undermined the reform effort itself in ways that may have general implications for other like‐minded efforts in other policy areas.There are those who are undermining what we are trying to achieve ...—Bud Henry, Director of Economic Assistance, Mississippi Department of Human Services
Empirical Analysis of the Yield Curve: The Information in the Data Viewed through the Window of Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross
Authors: Lamoureux Christopher G. , Witte H. Douglas 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper uses recent advances in Bayesian estimation methods to exploit fully and efficiently the time‐series and cross‐sectional empirical restrictions of the Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross model of the term structure. We examine the extent to which the cross‐sectional data (five different instruments) provide information about the model. We find that the time‐series restrictions of the two‐factor model are generally consistent with the data. However, the model's cross‐sectional restrictions are not. We show that adding a third factor produces a significant statistical improvement, but causes the average time‐series fit to the yields themselves to deteriorate.