bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of calcium channel blockers on the brain free fatty acid level and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats with lithium and pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus
Authors: Eraković V. , Župan G. , Varljen J. , Simonić A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate possible therapeutic approach to neuronal damage caused by status epilepticus. The effects of the L‐type voltage‐sensitive calcium channel blockers (nimodipine, nicardipine) and NMDA blockers (ifenprodil and MK‐801) on the brain free fatty acid (FFA) level and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in rats with lithium and pilocarpine (LiPi) ‐ induced status epilepticus were examined. Vehicle or various doses of calcium channel and NMDA blockers had been injected i.p. 30 min after the pilocarpine application. Tested doses of nicardipine and MK‐801 did not influence the increase in the brain FFA level. Nimodipine and ifenprodil revealed a tendency to reduce FFA level. The inhibition of L‐type voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ channels or NMDA receptor ‐ associated channels was not sufficient for significant attenuation of an increase in the rat brain FFA content and a decrease GPX activity associated with LiPi ‐ induced status epilepticus. Individual compounds have shown to prevent FFA increase, suggesting some alternative or additional mechanism of action. The prevention of FFA accumulation was not followed by the prevention of GPX decrease indicating the activation of non FFA‐related mechanisms of cell damage.
Effects of synthetic dopamine‐melanins on oxygen radical formation induced by metal ions with dopamine
Authors: Kimura Shinzo , Kurasaki Masaaki , Saito Takeshi , Ito Keizo , Hosokawa Toshiyuki , Okabe Masashi , Shiraishi Kunio , Niioka Tadashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo understand the possible physiological roles of the neuromelanins, we examined effects of synthetic dopamine‐melanins on oxygen radical formation by metal ions with dopamine. Oxygen radical formation was detected by DNA cleavage analysis. Addition of metal‐free synthetic dopamine‐melanins inhibited DNA cleavage induced by Fe or Cu ions with dopamine. On the other hand, in the presence of dopamine, dopamine‐melanins loaded with Cu and Fe induced DNA cleavage without addition of free metal ions. It was clarified that dopamine‐melanins loaded with Cu and Fe generated hydroxyl radicals in the presence of dopamine, on the basis of the findings that catalase and mannitol inhibited the DNA cleavage. Our results suggest that metal‐free neuromelanins inhibit hydroxyl radical formation induced by metal ions with dopamine by sequestering metal ions.
Chronic amphetamine administration decreases D2 dopamine receptor immunostaining in the lateral habenular nucleus
Authors: Méndez PL , Echevarría E , Garcia del Caño G , Saracíbar G , Casis O , Casis L 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of chronic amphetamine administration on the expression of D2 dopamine receptor was immunohistochemically analyzed in the caudate‐putamen and the lateral habenular nucleus, which are important links of the dorsal diencephalic conduction system. Significant decrease in the numbers of immunopositive neural cells was observed in both regions, suggesting that chronically administered amphetamine alters D2 dopamine receptor function in the dorsal diencephalic conduction system. This could be involved in the development of schizophrenia, stereotypies, and neural impairment in psychostimulant abusers.
Mixed and hybrid formulations for the three‐dimensional magnetostatic problem
Authors: Daveau C. , Laminie J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose mixed and hybrid formulations for the three‐dimensional magnetostatic problem. Such formulations are obtained by coupling finite element method inside the magnetic materials with a boundary element method. We present a formulation where the magnetic field is the state variable and the boundary approach uses a scalar Dirichlet‐Neumann map to describe the exterior domain. Also, we propose a second formulation where the magnetic induction is the state variable and a vectorial Dirichlet‐Neumann map is used to describe the outer field. Numerical discretizations with “edge” and “face” elements are proposed, and for each discrete problem we study an “inf‐sup” condition. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 85–104, 2002
Waiting: The experience of persons in a critical care waiting room
Authors: Bournes Debra A. , Mitchell Gail J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to discover the essences of the experience of waiting, to provide new knowledge about what it is like to wait, and to contribute to nursing knowledge. Participants were 12 persons who were family members or friends of persons in an adult critical care unit. The Parse research method was used to answer the research question: What is the structure of the lived experience of waiting? The central finding of this study was this structure: The lived experience of waiting is a vigilant attentiveness surfacing amid an ambiguous turbulent lull as contentment emerges with uplifting engagements. The structure is discussed in relation to nursing knowledge and in relation to how it can inform future research and practice. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Res Nurs Health 25:58–67, 2002.
Trichotillomania: Women's reports of treatment efficacy
Authors: Boughn Susan , Holdom Julie Ann Jaarsma 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTrichotillomania (TTM) is an enigmatic disease characterized by an overwhelming compulsion to pull out one's hair, most notably scalp hair, but also eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair from the extremity, axillary, and pubic areas. Current estimates are that clinically significant hair pulling is manifested by 3.4% of all women during their lifetimes. The overall purpose of our study was to examine the efficacy of a wide variety of treatments as perceived by the women (N=44) who received them. The data were subjected to content analysis and are presented in a quantified manner. Common forms of treatments, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and behavior modification, were judged by the respondents to be relatively ineffective. Two forms of treatment were found to be effective by a high percentage of the women who employed them: Internet TTM groups and TTM groups associated with a national center. It is important for health care providers to be aware of these treatments, which have not been previously discussed in the literature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:135–144, 2002
A predictive model of well‐being and self‐care for rural elderly women in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Laffrey Shirley Cloutier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA predictive model of well‐being and self‐care was tested with 284 women aged 60–88 living in rural communities in Taiwan. The variables studied were age, marital status, social class, social support, perceived health, self‐care agency, self‐care behavior, and perceived well‐being. The model was tested by path analysis. The parameters of the model were estimated with the maximum likelihood method. In the refined model, χ2 (12, N = 284) = 15.18, p = .23), 33% of the total variance in well‐being was explained by self‐care behavior, social support, and perceived health; 66% of the total variance in self‐care behavior was explained by self‐care agency and social support; 49% of the total variance in self‐care agency was explained by social support, perceived health, social class, and age; 14% of the total variance in social support was explained by marital status, social class, and age; and 8% of the total variance in perceived health was explained by social support. The goodness‐of‐fit index was .99, indicating that the refined model fit the data well. The findings of this study contribute to a greater understanding of this predictive model for application with older women in rural Taiwan. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24: 122–132, 2001
Chronic venous insufficiency in persons with a history of injection drug use¶
Authors: Pieper Barbara , Templin Thomas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPersons with a history of injection drug use have many risk factors for the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), yet this phenomenon has not been studied systematically in this population. Persons (N = 204) with a history of injection drug use who were in enrolled in a treatment center were examined for clinical manifestations of CVI. The CVI clinical classification was graded on a 7‐point scale for each leg. Most participants (n = 179, 87.7%) exhibited clinical evidence of CVI. Significant predictors of CVI clinical manifestations were leg infections/cellulitis (ρ = .53); years injection in the veins of the groin, legs, and feet (ρ = .47); deep vein thrombosis (ρ = .37); and total years injection heroin (ρ = .27). There was a linear functional relationship between years of injection drug use and the CVI clinical classification, but only when the injections were in the veins of the groin, legs, or feet; otherwise, the specific mechanisms of this relationship were not evident. The findings indicate that CVI is a common occurrence in persons who have injected drugs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24:423–432, 2001
Learning how to be efficient property owners and accountable governments: the case of Kyrgyzstan's cities
Authors: Kaganova Olga , Tian Valeri , Undeland Charles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs a result of government decentralization and property devolution from central to local governments, many city governments in transition countries became the largest real property owners in urban areas. For transitional countries lacking sufficient democratic traditions, efficient asset management represents a dramatic and multifaceted challenge. Kyrgyzstan happened to be among the first transitional countries where cities obtained systematic technical assistance in adapting the most advanced methodology of municipal asset management, which was recently developed under the auspices of the World Bank. Based on experience of work within five pilot cities, the article summarizes factors and methods that help develop a sense of strong ownership and internalization of new asset management vision and approaches among local officials and elected members of city councils. The article presents the experience of how the government of Uzgen, a city of about 40,000 people in South Kyrgyzstan, has changed its attitudes and approach regarding management of municipal property. The article demonstrates how two key processes—improving professional aspects of municipal asset management and developing local democracy though public involvement—have been reinforced by each other. One of the main lessons from Uzgen's experience is that municipal property asset management—because it deals with tangible issues—is a perfect focal point for developing local democracy and communication between a local population and its government. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of porous suspension‐PVC particles by stabilizer‐free aqueous dispersion polymerization of absorbed acrylate monomers
Authors: Shach‐Caplan M. , Narkis M. , Silverstein M. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present study describes modification of porous PVC particles by polymerization of a monomer/crosslinker/peroxide solution absorbed within the PVC particles. The modifying crosslinked polymers include butyl acrylate (BA) crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) crosslinked with EGDMA. The monomer solution is blended with the PVC particles by dry‐blending. The monomer absorbed particles are then polymerized in a stabilizer‐free aqueous dispersion‐polymerization. The modified semi‐IPN PVC particles have better stability than the neat PVC particles in packed columns for absorption of halo‐organics from water, etc. The modified semi‐IPN PVC particles are melt processable and thus have the potential of being interesting and useful modified rigid PVC materials.The modified PVC particles characterization includes polymerization yield, non‐extractables and porosity measurements and also morphology and dynamic mechanical behavior (DMTA).PBA and PEHA polymerization has shown high yield levels. The high conversion of BA and EHA within the particle, is partly due to their low solubility in water. The levels of non‐extractable fractions found are indicative of low chemical interaction between the polyacrylate/PVC phases in the particle. The modified PVC particle's porosity levels indicate that BA and EHA partly polymerize within the PVC particles' bulk and partly in the pores as crusts covering the PVC pore surfaces. This finding is supported by SEM observations of unetched and etched freeze fractured surfaces. Higher crosslinking levels of the polyacrylate modification promote compatibility with the PVC particles' bulk. DMTA measurements show two loss modulus peaks for the 0.5%EGDMA blends in the glass transition temperature region, suggesting imcompatibility. However, at 5%EGDMA a single transition is found exhibiting enhanced compatibility owing to the high degree of crosslinking, which prevents phase separation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysplastic changes in prophylactically removed Fallopian tubes of women predisposed to developing ovarian cancer
Authors: Piek Jurgen M. J. , van Diest Paul J. , Zweemer Ronald P. , Jansen Jan W. , Poort‐Keesom Ria J. J. , Menko Fred H. , Gille Johan J. P. , Jongsma Ans P. M. , Pals Gerard , Kenemans Peter , Verheijen René H. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of (pre)neoplastic lesions in overtly normal Fallopian tubes from women predisposed to developing ovarian carcinoma. The presence of (pre)neoplastic lesions was scored in histological specimens from 12 women with a genetically determined predisposition for ovarian cancer, of whom seven tested positive for a germline BRCA1 mutation. A control group included 13 women. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of p21, p27, p53, cyclin A, cyclin D1, bcl‐2, Ki67, HER‐2/neu, and the oestrogen and progesterone receptors. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis on the BRCA1 locus was also assessed on dysplastic tissue by PCR studies. Of the 12 women with a predisposition for ovarian cancer, six showed dysplasia, including one case of severe dysplasia. Five harboured hyperplastic lesions and in one woman no histological aberrations were found in the Fallopian tube. No hyperplastic, dysplastic or neoplastic lesions were detected in the Fallopian tubes of control subjects. In the cases studied, morphologically normal tubal epithelium contained a higher proportion of Ki67‐expressing cells (p=0.005) and lower fractions of cells expressing p21 (p<0.0001) and p27 (p=0.006) than in the control group. Even higher fractions of proliferating cells were found in dysplastic areas (p=0.07) and accumulation of p53 was observed in the severely dysplastic lesion. Expression patterns of other proteins studied, including the hormone receptors, were similar in cases and controls. One subject, a germline BRCA1 mutation carrier, showed loss of the wild‐type BRCA1 allele in the severely dysplastic lesion. In conclusion, the Fallopian tubes of women predisposed to developing ovarian cancer frequently harbour dysplastic changes, accompanied by changes in cell‐cycle and apoptosis‐related proteins, indicating an increased risk of developing tubal cancer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3p21, 5q21, and 9p21 allelic deletions are frequently found in normal bronchial cells adjacent to non‐small‐cell lung cancer, while they are unusual in patients with no evidence of malignancy
Authors: Sanz‐Ortega Julian , Saez Maria C. , Sierra Elena , Torres Antonio , Balibrea Jose L. , Hernando Florentino , Sanz‐Esponera Julian , Merino Maria J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMolecular cytogenetic and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have shown frequent allelic deletions in a variety of chromosomes, such as 1p, 3p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 11p, 11q, and 17p. Allelic loss at 3p21, 9p21, and 5q21 has also been reported in premalignant epithelial lesions of the bronchus and in normal bronchial cells. These findings suggest that a tissue field of somatic genetic alterations precedes the histopathological phenotypic changes of carcinoma. LOH at chromosomal regions 3p21, 5q21, 9p21, and 17p (TP53) was looked for in the peritumoural normal bronchial cells from 30 archival surgically resected tumours. Microdissected normal bronchial cells from 20 benign cytological smears were also added to the study. Matched populations of lymphocytes, tumour cells, and normal bronchial cells adjacent to the tumour were microdissected from paraffin‐embedded tissues, while matched populations of normal bronchial cells and inflammatory cells were microdissected from benign cytological smears (bronchial brushings). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed utilizing the specific markers D5S346, D3S1300, D9S157, D9S171, and TP53. Within the NSCLC tumour cells, LOH was more frequently found at the 5q21 locus (72% of the informative cases), the 3p21 locus (47%), 9p21 (48%), and 17p (33%). Within the peritumoural normal bronchial cells, LOH at 5q21 was found in 37.5% of the cases, 22% showed LOH at 3p21, 27% at 9p21, and 13% at 17p (TP53). LOH was also detected in one case, in normal bronchial cells obtained from cytological smears at one locus (5q21). In conclusion, normal bronchial mucosa adjacent to NSCLC has frequent allelic losses at 3p21, 5q21, and 9p21, while LOH at these loci is unusual in normal bronchial cells obtained from cytological smears from patients with no evidence of malignancy. LOH at these loci may be present before the onset of the malignant growth. LOH studies may supplement the histopathological evaluation of bronchial cells to detect genotypic alterations in both cytological and biopsy specimens. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphogenetic variability of faradiol monoesters in marigold Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Zitterl‐Eglseer Karin , Reznicek Gottfried , Jurenitsch Johann , Novak Johannes , Zitterl Werner , Franz Chlodwig 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe main compounds of lipophilic extracts of flower heads of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) are triterpendiol esters, mainly faradiol laurate, faradiol myristate and faradiol palmitate. These faradiol‐3‐O‐monoesters have been quantified for the first time by means of reversed phase HPLC with internal standardisation in different parts of C. officinalis plants, namely ray florets, disk florets, involucral bracts, receptacles, leaves and seeds. The amounts of the esters were highest in ray florets, approximately 10 times lower in disk florets than in the ray florets, and approximately 10 times lower in involucral bracts than in the disk florets. In the leaves only traces of the esters could be detected, and in the receptacles no esters could be detected at all. Quantification in the seed was not possible using this method because of interfering fatty compounds. Concerning the faradiol esters, the dried ray and disk florets only should be preferred as primary products for remedies as demanded in the recently published supplement of the Pharmacopoeia Europaea (1999). Breeding work should focus on varieties with a greater number of ray florets in order to improve the quality of herbal medicinal products derived from marigold. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of (+)‐catechin and (−)‐epicatechin in cacao and its products by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection
Authors: Subagio Achmad , Sari Puspita , Morita Naofumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA fast single‐step extraction procedure and HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD) in the oxidative mode has been used for the simultaneous, quantitative determination of (+)‐catechin (CA) and (−)‐epicatechin (EC) in cacao and its products. A UV detector measuring at 280 nm was also used in‐line for comparison purposes. The samples were extracted with methanol and applied directly to the reversed‐phase column of the HPLC. The high sensitivity of the ECD allowed operation at a low voltage (+0.5 V), but with a high sensitivity for the readily oxidisable CA and EC, thus reducing baseline noise. As a result, ECD had a better sensitivity and resolution than UV detection for the simultaneous quantitative determination of CA and EC in cacao and its products. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance thin layer chromatographic analysis of anti‐inflammatory triterpenoids from Boswellia serrata Roxb.
Authors: Krohn K. , Rao M. S. , Raman N. V. , Khalilullah M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rapid and simple high‐performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of the biologically active triterpenoids β‐boswellic acid, 3‐O‐acetyl‐β‐boswellic acid, 11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid and 3‐O‐acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata. The assay combines the isolation and separation of boswellic acid derivatives on silica gel 60F254‐HPTLC plates with spot visualisation and scanning at 250 nm. Methanol was found to be the most appropriate solvent for the exhaustive extraction of boswellic acid derivatives. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal cells in the uterine cervix: a source for early non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Fejgin Moshe D. , Diukman Ron , Cotton Yael , Weinstein Galina , Amiel Aliza 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVarious non‐invasive techniques for prenatal diagnosis have been under investigation. We evaluated the success of fetal sexing using a non‐invasive technique for obtaining fetal cells, uterine cervix brushing, in combination with FISH. Thirty pregnant women who completed between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation and who were scheduled to undergo pregnancy termination were included in the study. A Pap smear cytobrush was inserted through the external os to a maximum depth of 2 cm and removed while rotating it a full turn. The material that was caught on the brush was spread on four microscope slides. Two‐color FISH was used for fetal sexing. Following pregnancy termination, a placental sample was used for full karyotyping. In 29/30 cases FISH diagnosis was confirmed by chromosomal analysis. The only male case in which a Y chromosome was not seen was from a pregnancy of 6 weeks 6 days gestational age. One case was mosaic of 46,XY/47,XXY (25%). In most cases (7/13) the Y chromosome was already identified in the first analyzed slide. With the use of a cytobrush fetal cells can be easily obtained for the purpose of prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.