bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Mediated Growth of a Hierarchical Zero‐Dimensional Architecture for Efficient CsPbI3 Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yinyan , Zhu Zhibo , Wang Chengyang , Zhang Lun , Niu Pujun , Wen Ziying , Lyu Mei , Zhu Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising optoelectronic materials. The large surface area provides an opportunity for ligand engineering to protect the QDs, while also impeding the charge transport in the QD array. Here, the solvent‐mediated growth of a hierarchical zero‐dimensional (HZD) architecture between CsPbI3 QDs is reported. The HZD architecture is grown on the CsPbI3 QD film through a feasible method rather than introducing intricate molecules into the CsPbI3 QD solution. Acetonitrile solvent with high polarity strips lead iodide from the QD surface, and then the lead iodide reacts with the phenethylamine iodide to form HZD architecture. The HZD architecture acts as a “charge bridge” to enhance the coupling between CsPbI3 QDs, resulting in improved photoelectric properties. As a result, the optimized device achieves a high‐power conversion efficiency of 15.4%, remarkably higher than the 14% of the control device. This work demonstrates the significance of surface chemistry for perovskite QDs and provides a feasible strategy for realizing high‐performance perovskite QDs‐based optoelectronic devices.
Design of Litchi‐Like Al/PTFE with Superior Reactivity and Application in Solid Propellants
Authors: Liu Ting , Nie Cui , Mao Yao‐feng , Zhang Yu , Li Gang , Nie Fu‐de , Wang Jun , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe combustion efficiency and reactivity of aluminum (Al) particles, as a crucial component in solid propellants, are constrained by the inert oxide layer aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can remove the oxide layer, however, carbon deposition generated during the reaction process still limits the reaction efficiency of Al/PTFE fuel. Here, a litchi‐like Al/PTFE fuel with the nano‐PTFE islands distributed on the Al particles surface is successfully designed, based on localized activation and synergistic reaction strategies, to solve the Al2O3 layer and carbon deposition. This unique PTFE‐coated structure can achieve localized activation of Al by surface etching, creating reaction channels, and exposing the active Al. Such a channel network promotes the circulation of fluorine and oxygen, stimulating the synergistic reactions of Al‐F and Al‐O and energy output. Regulating the PTFE content can maximize the elimination of carbon deposition and achieve the full combustion reaction of Al/PTFE. The maximum flame area and pressure output of the litchi‐like Al/PTFE fuel increased by 241.9%, 734.7%, 118.4%, and 265.2%, respectively, compared with traditional physical mixture and core‐shell structure Al/PTFE fuels. The localized activation and synergistic effects of litchi‐like structure effectively transform carbon waste into a valuable resource, introducing a novel approach for the propellants.
Dehydroxylated Polyvinyl Alcohol Separator Enables Fast Kinetics in Zinc‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Qin Yao , Yang Fuhua , Yuwono Jodie A. , Varzi Alberto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSeparators are critical components of zinc‐metal batteries (ZMBs). Despite their high ionic conductivity and excellent electrolyte retention, the widely used glass fiber (GF) membranes suffer from poor mechanical stability and cannot suppress dendrite growth, leading to rapid battery failure. Contrarily, polymer‐based separators offer superior mechanical strength and facilitate more homogeneous zinc (Zn) deposition. However, they typically suffer from sluggish ion transport kinetics and poor wettability by aqueous electrolytes, resulting in unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Here a dehydroxylation strategy is proposed to overcome the above‐mentioned limitations for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) separators. A dehydroxylated PVA‐based membrane (DHPVA) is synthesized at a relatively low temperature in a highly concentrated alkaline solution. Part of the hydroxyl groups are removed and, as a result, the hydrogen bonding between PVA chains, which is deemed responsible for the sluggish ion transport kinetics, is minimized. At 20 °C, the ionic conductivity of DHPVA reaches 12.5 mS cm−1, which is almost 4 times higher than that of PVA. Additionally, DHPVA effectively promotes uniform Zn deposition, leading to a significantly extended cycle life and reduced polarization, both in a/symmetric (Cu/Zn and Zn/Zn) and full cells (Zn/NaV3O8). This study provides a new, effective, yet simple approach to improve the performance of ZMBs.
Emission Tuning of Nonconventional Luminescent Materials via Cluster Engineering
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Liu Zuoan , Huang Jiangmei , Wei Huili , Jiang Chenjie , Wei Lingzhong , Jiang Bingli , Zou Linmin , Xie Huihong , Gong Yongyang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNonconventional Luminescent Materials (NLMs) with distinctive optical properties are garnering significant attention. A key challenge in their practical application lies in precisely controlling their emission behavior, particularly achieving excitation wavelength‐independent emission, which is paramount for accurate chemical sensing. In this study, NLMs (Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4) are synthesized via a click reaction, and it is found that excitation wavelength‐dependent emission correlates with molecular cluster formation. Rigid NLMs (Y1, Y2) exhibit excitation‐independent emission in dilute solutions with nanoscale clusters but become excitation‐dependent at higher concentrations due to larger cluster formation. Flexible NLMs (Y3 and Y4) always show excitation‐dependent emission, indicating a tendency for larger cluster formation. While these NLMs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) in dilute solutions (0.1 mg mL−1) up to 38.0%, they suffer from significant aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) in the solid state (as low as 0.5%). These findings provide insights into NLM luminescence mechanisms and offer a new approach for tuning their optical properties. With excellent optical properties, facile synthesis, and biocompatibility, these NLMs hold promise for bioimaging and other applications.
Supercritical CO2‐Induced Chemical Pressure on BaZrO3 for Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Fu Duo , Tan Mingzhu , Liang Yuning , Xu Qun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe modulation of intrinsic magnetic properties of materials is of great importance for the exploration of new materials in the fields of information storage and spintronics. Herein, room‐temperature ferromagnetic properties in BaZrO3 are successfully induced using supercritical CO2. The highest saturation magnetization intensity of BaZrO3 is observed at 16 MPa, with a value of 0.08189 emu g−1. It is noteworthy that this technique is observed to modulate the ferromagnetic properties of the material by converting the external physical pressure into the chemical pressure within the material through the intercalation and de‐intercalation of CO2 molecules. This result gives us a new understanding of the modification mechanism of SC‐CO2, which is important for material modification.
Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Through MOF Integration
Authors: Yin Yongqi , Zhang Xisheng , Nam Ho Ngoc , Phung Quan Manh , Yuan Kuina , Li Boyuan , Kong Fanyue , Alowasheeira Azhar , Wang Baoning , Li Lin , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTin halide perovskites are promising candidates for lead‐free perovskite solar cells due to their ideal bandgap and high charge‐carrier mobility. However, poor crystal quality and rapid degradation in ambient conditions severely limit their stability and practical applications. This study demonstrates that incorporating UiO‐66, a zirconium‐based MOF, significantly enhances the performance and stability of tin halide perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). The unique porous structure and abundant carboxylate groups of UiO‐66 improve the crystallinity and film quality of FASnI₃, reduce defect density, and prolong charge carrier lifetimes. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of UiO‐66‐integrated TPSCs increases from 11.43% to 12.64%, and the devices maintain over 90% of their initial PCE after 100 days in a nitrogen glovebox. These findings highlight the potential of UiO‐66 in addressing the efficiency and stability challenges of tin halide perovskites.
Co9S8/CoTe2 n‐n Type Heterojunction: A Heterogenic Interfacial Integration of Co9S8 and CoTe2 Phases for Energy‐Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation Assisted Hydrogen Production
Authors: Mishra Viplove , Praveen Athma E. , Raveendran Diya , Chandrasekar Aditi , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractControlled and optimized heterogenic interfacial coupling is the key to enhance the electrochemical performance. Herein, for the first time, telluride‐based Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure is reported as a bifunctional catalyst for energy‐efficient H2 generation. Detailed investigations suggest that the heterogenic interfacial coupling leads to superior bifunctional electrochemical performance of the Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure. Furthermore, it displays excellent hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) performance at industrial‐level current density (500 mA cm−2 @ 338 mV) using an electrochemically neutral carbon paper substrate. The overall hydrazine electrooxidation‐assisted water splitting (OHzWS) cell performance of the Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure couple is 10 mA cm−2 @ 0.22 V, which is 1.60 V less than the conventional overall water splitting. Band energy profiles of Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure reveal an n‐n type heterojunction formation between Co9S8 and CoTe2 phases. The work function difference between the phases results in an impulsive electron flow from the CoTe2 to the Co9S8 phase and the creation of a built‐in electric field. This prompts the electrochemical kinetics of HzOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by enabling faster charge transport at the interface. Furthermore, DFT supports the experimental findings, and Gibbs's free energy profile for HzOR studies indicate that the Co9S8/CoTe2 heterostructure interface is favorable for HzOR compared to Co9S8 and CoTe2.
Lobelia‐Inspired Photothermal Storage Flexible Film for Efficient Deicing
Authors: Zhang Yidan , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe insufficient density and discontinuity of solar energy of photothermal superhydrophobic flexible film seriously affect the practical application. Light energy harvesting and heat energy storage are effective ways to solve this problem. Inspired by the viscous temperature‐regulating material within the inflorescence of Lobelia telekii and the arrangement of bracts on its surface, a flexible film for photoheat storage is proposed that integrated a three‐order photoheat trap and one‐order heat storage. The surface of the flexible film features microcone array with micro‐grooves, modified carbon nanotubes (MCNTs), and layered structures on microcapsules, forming a three‐level photoheat trap. The generated heat increases the surface temperature and is partially absorbed by the heat storage material inside the microcapsule. The stable photothermal temperature of polyurethane films with microcone structure (Sx) was elevated by 3–5 °C compared to without it (Flat‐Sx), while the stable photothermal temperature of MCNTs‐Sx (Flat‐Sx with MCNTs) exceeds that of Sx by 2–6 °C. The ice particles on the MCNTs‐S0.45 completely dissolved within 180 s under xenon lamp light source. Meanwhile, MCNTs‐Sx demonstrated superhydrophobicity and outstanding anti‐fouling capabilities. The fabricated MCNTs‐Sx realized biomimicry of Lobelia telekii in both structure and performance, providing a strategy for biomimetic photothermal de‐icing.
Stories From a Literacy Coach: Developing Pro‐Black Instruction Within a Eurocratic Mandated Curriculum
Authors: Frazier Jennipher C. K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article describes experiences of a literary coach working with a first‐grade teacher to make Pro‐Black culturally relevant pedagogy foundational to the coaching relationship. Responding to the failure of mandated programs to support Black students' literacy proficiency and the success of culturally relevant pedagogies, they addressed the White dominance of a district‐mandated program by revising lessons in Pro‐Black, culturally relevant ways providing classroom examples and implications for literacy coaches.
The Effect of Dietary Propylene Glycol on the Fatty Acid Composition of Three Fat Depots in Male Akkaraman Lambs
Authors: Ateş Cafer Tayyar , Kaya Ufuk , Karaaslan İrem , Özkan Hüseyin , Yakan Akın 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study tested the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on the fatty acid composition of Akkaraman lambs in three different anatomical depot locations (ADLs). Twenty‐four lambs were assigned to a randomized complete block design comprising three groups of 8 animals as follows: Con, 1.5%, body weight (BW)0.75 (PG1.5) and 3% BW0.75 supplemental PG. The animals were slaughtered 90 days after the commencement of feeding. Tail, perirenal and back fat were collected, and their fatty acid compositions were analysed. PG was associated with lower levels of capric acid (C10:0) and lauric acid (C12:0), and higher levels of arachidic acid (C20:0), D‐ɣ‐linolenic acid (C20:3n6), behenic acid (C22:0), docosadienoic acid (C22:2n6), tyricosylic acid (C23:0) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). The ADLs differed for all fatty acids except C12:0 and C14:0 (myristic acid). Perirenal fat had the highest SFA levels, while n6/n3 was higher in tail fat than in fat from the other ADLs (p < 0.001). The high correlation of ∆9 C16 and ∆9 C18 index values with other sum and index values indicates that desaturation enzyme activity was elevated in the lambs’ depot fats (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). This suggests that perirenal fats have less favourable fatty acid compositions than the other ADLs.
An Attention-Based CNN Approach to Detect Forest Tree Dieback Caused by Insect Outbreak in Sentinel-2 Images
Authors: Recchia Vito , Andresini Giuseppina , Appice Annalisa , Fontana Gianpietro , Malerba Donato 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Forests play a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems, regulating climate, conserving biodiversity, and supporting various ecological processes. However, insect outbreaks, particularly bark beetle outbreaks, pose a significant threat to European spruce forest health by causing an increase in forest tree mortality. Therefore, developing accurate forest disturbance inventory strategies is crucial to quantifying and promptly mitigating outbreak diseases and boosting effective environmental management. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach, named , that implements a CNN to detect tree dieback events in Sentinel-2 images of forest areas. To this aim, each pixel of a Sentinel-2 image is transformed into an imagery representation that sees the pixel within its surrounding pixel neighbourhood. We incorporate an attention mechanism into the CNN architecture to gain accuracy and achieve useful insights from the explanations of the spatial arrangement of model decisions. We assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach in two case studies regarding forest scenes in the Northeast of France and the Czech Republic, which were monitored using Sentinel-2 satellite in October 2018 and September 2020, respectively. Both case studies host bark beetle outbreaks in the considered periods.
Software and AI Lifecycles
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter first provides insights into the different phases of a software lifecycle, describing how DevOps as a methodology might make software development and delivery more efficient. Also, the SafeScrum approach is briefly described. The chapter next focuses on AI lifecycles and provides insight into two approaches to developing safety-critical AI: EASA’s W-shaped process model for machine learning (ML) applications and the Safety Assurance of Autonomous Systems in Complex Environments (SACE) process.
System Design Plan
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter outlines the System Design Plan, which aims to develop a system that meets functional safety and regulatory requirements while ensuring reliability, transparency, and stakeholder satisfaction. It emphasizes the importance of risk management, effective integration of subsystems, and continuous stakeholder engagement to deliver a compliant and trustworthy system design. The chapter also explores agile adaptations and the role of stakeholder feedback in refining the system throughout its development.
Documentation, Information, and Work Products
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Documentation serves as the backbone of a comprehensive safety plan, ensuring that all processes, requirements, and functions are clearly recorded and accessible. This chapter highlights the essential types of documentation—system, installation, user, and maintenance—and discusses how each contributes to a system’s lifecycle from development through operation. Effective documentation must be accurate, user-focused, and kept up-to-date, supporting seamless communication and system usability across various stakeholder roles.
Human Aspects
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human considerations are central to the development of AI systems, especially in the context of agile safety planning. This chapter explores essential human aspects, such as situational awareness, controllability, and human oversight, which play a critical role in ensuring that high-risk AI systems operate safely and effectively. Through principles of human-centred design, the chapter also examines how interface design, agile development methods, and safety standards can support effective human–machine interaction. This understanding is essential for building AI systems that responsibly balance human involvement with automated processes in safety-critical environments.
Level of Automation and Autonomy
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the distinction between automation and autonomy is crucial as these two levels of system control shape how AI approaches, risk assessments, and requirements are structured. Automated systems operate on predefined instructions, performing tasks within set boundaries, while autonomous systems dynamically adapt and learn, evolving with their environments. This chapter explores these differences, along with the standards, regulations, and safety considerations that govern both automated and autonomous systems across various applications.
Procurement and Subcontractors
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter covers relevant topics related to procurement and subcontractors. First, we outline which aspects developers should consider when buying components to be used as parts of the system being developed. These aspects cover how to organize the procurement process by clearly defining roles and responsibilities, as well as how to ensure access and insights into relevant certificates and documentation accompanying the components. Next, we outline how subcontracting is an important business-related consideration that needs to be addressed in several development projects.
The Agile Safety Plan
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the agile safety plan concept and gives a brief overview of its history. Next, it defines some key terms related to developing and implementing strategies for achieving functional safety. Lastly, it provides a brief note on the purpose, scope, and context of the safety plan and notes the importance of communicating the system’s limitations and assumptions.
Compliance with Regulations, AI, and Functional Safety Standards
Authors: Myklebust Thor , Stålhane Tor , Vatn Dorthea Mathilde Kristin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses the crucial aspect of ensuring compliance with AI and functional safety standards, focusing on adherence to the EU AI Act and related regulations. It highlights the importance of maintaining a risk-based approach to classify AI systems according to their risk levels. The stringent requirements for high risk AI systems are underscored, including conformity assessments and CE marking. We also discuss the need for continuous adaptation and flexibility in regulatory compliance to keep pace with evolving standards and technological advancements.
Methodik und Methodologie
Authors: Lammers Klara 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Um eine Nachvollziehbarkeit der empirischen Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit zu gewährleisten, dienen die nächsten Kapitel der Darstellung des Forschungsdesigns hinsichtlich der gewählten Forschungsmethodik und -methodologie. Nach einer Skizzierung der zentralen methodischen und methodologischen Grundlagen der GTM als zugrundeliegende Methodologie (Abschn. 4.2) steht der konkrete Forschungsprozess der vorliegenden Arbeit in seiner Chronologie im Fokus der Betrachtung (Abschn. 4.3). Er beinhaltet sowohl das theoretische Sampling (Abschn. 4.2.1), die verschiedenen Formen der Datenerhebung (Abschn. 4.2.2) als auch die in der GTM verankerten unterschiedlichen Formen von Kodieren (Abschn. 4.2.3).
Alcohol drinking leads to sex-dependent differentiation of T cells
Authors: Sturm Ramona , Haag Florian , Bergmann Christian B. , Marzi Ingo , Relja Borna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Global per capita alcohol consumption is increasing, posing significant socioeconomic and medical challenges also due to alcohol-related traumatic injuries but also its biological effects. Trauma as a leading cause of death in young adults, is often associated with an increased risk of complications, such as sepsis and multiple organ failure, due to immunological imbalances. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by regulating the inflammatory response. Since it is crucial to understand the effects of alcohol in healthy volunteers, in order to refer findings from trauma cohorts, this study investigates the time- and dose-dependent modulation of CD4+ lymphocytes and their subsets following acute alcohol consumption, considering both general and sex-specific variations.

Methods
Twelve female and ten male healthy volunteers consumed twelve alcohol mixed drinks over four hours to achieve a blood alcohol level of 1.0‰. Blood samples were collected before and at various time points (2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h) post-consumption for flow cytometric analyses of the phenotype and activation makers CD4/CD25/CD127 of CD4+ T cells and their subtypes.

Results
CD4+ lymphocytes significantly decreased at 4 h and increased at 6 h post-alcohol consumption. Naïve CD25−CD127+ T cells significantly decreased from 2 to 24 h in women and 2 to 48 h in men, while CD25+CD127+ effector T cells significantly increased during the same period. Natural CD25+CD127− regulatory T cells increased significantly at 4 and 6 h, with a higher increase in men. Induced regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25highCD127−) significantly increased at 2 h for all volunteers, with lower proportions of natural and induced regulatory T cells in women.

Conclusions
Acute alcohol consumption induces immune modulation persisting for days, impacting T cell subsets differently in men and women. The prolonged modulation in men may contribute to slightly poorer clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need to consider these effects in trauma patients with acute alcohol intoxication.