bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Cells: From Cellular Senomic Spheres to Earth’s Biosphere
Authors: Baluška František 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cells are central for life, starting some 3.7 billion years ago with the assembly of the first primordial cells in the primeval and prebiotic oceans of the young Earth’s environment. Details of this abiogenesis are still missing but since the first competent, self-reproductive cell emerged, life has been based on continuous cell divisions. Accordingly, all present cells can be traced directly to the very first cells. Our senomic concept of cell sentience based on bioelectromagnetic fields postulated that all cells are sentient and that life and sentience are coterminous. Archaea and bacteria are the most ancient cellular organisms and they still exhibit a unicellular lifestyle. Some two billion years after the emergence of life on Earth, eukaryotic cells were symbiotically assembled from archaeal and bacterial cells. Eukaryotic cells later coalesced to form true multicellular organisms in partnership with bacteria and archaea, forming holobionts, including fungi, plants, and animals. All organisms living presently are integrated into the Earth’s biosphere, which permeates all three major ecological habitats: the geosphere, hydrosphere, and the atmosphere. Coexistence of such vast assemblies of collaborating cells necessitates a highly elevated level of integration, which originates at the level of the senomic spheres of individual prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells across the whole of Earth’s biosphere corresponding to the hypothetical Gaia concept.
Fundamentals of laboratory diagnostics in allergology
Authors: Arsenis Christos , Taka Styliani , Skevaki Chrysanthi 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The diversity of allergic disorders and their associated underlying mechanisms render allergy diagnosis particularly challenging. There is a palette of available in vivo and in vitro tests, while result interpretation must always be made in conjunction with clinical history. The focus of the present article is on laboratory diagnostics, where several diagnostic tests have been developed targeting different parts of the allergic cascade. The results of these tests may indicate the presence of clinical allergy but also provide information on disease severity, treatment options, and therapy responsiveness. First-line testing involves allergen specific IgE (sIgE) antibody measurements, and several considerations are required when choosing the exact test. Among others, the allergens to be tested, the use of allergen extracts versus molecular components, cross-reactivity aspects, cost, and geographical sensitization patterns need to be considered. There are technical distinctions between main commercially available automated platforms, which is often reflected by differences in their test results. Diagnostically challenging cases can be supplemented by tests assessing the key effector cells, i.e., basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils, as well as by tests targeting several of the released mediators, including tryptase, lipids, and histamine. Overall, non-IgE-based laboratory tests need additional standardization and research to support their clinical utility.
Enhancing Thermal Protection in Lithium Batteries with Power Bank-Inspired Multi-Network Aerogel and Thermally Induced Flexible Composite Phase Change Material
Authors: Li Zaichao , Cao Feng , Zhang Yuang , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thermal runaway (TR) is considered a significant safety hazard for lithium batteries, and thermal protection materials are crucial in mitigating this risk. However, current thermal protection materials generally suffer from poor mechanical properties, flammability, leakage, and rigid crystallization, and they struggle to continuously block excess heat transfer and propagation once thermal saturation occurs. This study proposes a novel type of thermal protection material: an aerogel coupled composite phase change material (CPCM). The composite material consists of gelatin/sodium alginate (Ge/SA) composite biomass aerogel as an insulating component and a thermally induced flexible CPCM made from thermoplastic polyester elastomer as a heat-absorbing component. Inspired by power bank, we coupled the aerogel with CPCM through the binder, so that CPCM can continue to ‘charge and store energy’ for the aerogel, effectively absorbing heat, delaying the heat saturation phenomenon, and maximizing the duration of thermal insulation. The results demonstrate that the Ge/SA aerogel exhibits excellent thermal insulation (with a temperature difference of approximately 120 °C across a 1 cm thickness) and flame retardancy (achieving a V-0 flame retardant rating). The CPCM exhibits high heat storage density (811.9 J g−1), good thermally induced flexibility (bendable above 40 °C), and thermal stability. Furthermore, the Ge/SA-CPCM coupled composite material shows even more outstanding thermal insulation performance, with the top surface temperature remaining at 89 °C after 100 min of exposure to a high temperature of 230 °C. This study provides a new direction for the development of TR protection materials for lithium batteries.
Importance of the second D–T campaign at JET for future fusion tokamak devices
Authors: Garcia J. ,   JET Contributors
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In 2021, JET conducted a second deuterium–tritium campaign (DTE2) aimed at broadening, refreshing, and improving the understanding of deuterium–tritium plasmas that was initially acquired during the first deuterium–tritium campaign (DTE1) in 1997. The objective of DTE2 was to tackle crucial scientific, operational, engineering, and theoretical/modeling challenges associated with the utilization of deuterium–tritium plasmas for fusion energy production. DTE2 has yielded vital findings that enhance the understanding and blueprint of forthcoming tokamak devices like ITER or DEMO. In DTE2, it has been unambiguously demonstrated the impact of alpha particles generated by fusion deuterium–tritium reactions on electron heating and destabilization of Alfvén modes, as well as the impact of Tritium on several scientific topics such as plasma turbulence and transport, L–H transition and impurity source. Of utmost importance, an entire generation of scientists has been educated on the substantial disparities in the physics and operational aspects of Deuterium and deuterium–tritium plasmas. This recent deuterium–tritium campaign at JET brings us closer to the efficient production of energy through deuterium–tritium fusion reactions.
Palliativmedizin: Management von GI-Symptomen
Authors: Masel Eva Katharina 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Maligne intestinale Obstruktionen entstehen durch inkurable Tumoren oder Metastasen im Bauchraum und sind häufig eine Komplikation fortgeschrittener Krebserkrankungen wie von kolorektalen Karzinomen und Ovarialkarzinomen. Sie betreffen meist den Dünndarm (60 %), das Kolon (33 %) oder beide Abschnitte und führen zu Symptomen wie Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Bauchschmerzen und Veränderungen des Stuhlgangs. Bei kompletter Obstruktion kommt es zu einem nahezu fehlenden Stuhlgang, während bei inkompletter Obstruktion intermittierender Stuhlgang möglich ist. Eine präzise Unterscheidung zwischen den beiden Formen ist klinisch oft schwierig. Die Behandlung umfasst symptomatische Maßnahmen, wie Flüssigkeitszufuhr, Ernährung, Schmerzmanagement, und gegebenenfalls chirurgische oder interventionelle Verfahren. Bei Patient:innen mit schlechter Prognose wird eine palliative Versorgung mit Fokus auf Lebensqualität bevorzugt. Ein häufiges Symptom bei fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen ist der hepatobiliäre Pruritus, der durch die Ansammlung von Gallensalzen in der Haut entsteht, ursächlich ist häufig eine Cholestase. Die Therapie umfasst medikamentöse Ansätze sowie symptomatische Maßnahmen wie Kühlkompressen und Feuchtigkeitscremes. Ein weiteres Symptom im Palliativbereich ist die opioidinduzierte Obstipation, die durch den Einsatz von Opioiden zur Schmerztherapie verursacht wird. Sie führt zu einer Hemmung der Darmmotilität und beeinträchtigt die Lebensqualität. Die Behandlung umfasst sowohl nichtpharmakologische Maßnahmen wie eine ballaststoffreiche Ernährung als auch pharmakologische Therapien mit Laxanzien und peripher wirksamen Opioidantagonisten wie Methylnaltrexon und Naloxegol. Die Behandlung aller genannten Symptome erfordert eine interdisziplinäre und individuell abgestimmte Versorgung, die frühzeitig mit den Patient:innen und deren Umfeld besprochen werden sollte, um die verbleibende Lebensqualität zu optimieren und die Behandlung an den Zielen der Patient:innen auszurichten.
Unveiling the Role of Theory of Mind: Neural Response to Emotional Stimuli in Context
Authors: Biró Brigitte , Cserjési Renáta , Kocsel Natália , Galambos Attila , Gecse Kinga , Kovács Lilla Nóra , Baksa Dániel , Dobos Dóra , Juhász Gabriella , Kökönyei Gyöngyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The recent literature on theory of mind (ToM) aims to identify situations that necessitate a greater reliance on ToM. The self-to-other model of empathy proposes that when there is a discrepancy between affective and contextual information, the ToM system is activated more strongly to assist in the classification of the emotional state. In order to test this aspect of the theory, the study aimed to examine the neural response to emotional stimuli in context. Non-congruent images depict natural scenarios where there is a mismatch between the valence of facial expressions of one of the protagonists and the overall context, when considered in isolation. In contrast, congruent images are those in which there is no such discrepancy. The fMRI data of 53 healthy participants (31 females; mean age, 25.23 ± 5.09) were analysed using a pre-defined ToM mask. The results align with the prediction that non-congruent images will recruit the ToM system to a greater degree. Additionally, we found activations in areas implicated in emotion processing and control functions in response to non-congruent images relative to congruent ones. The results indicate that the emotional processing of complex social situations is supported by multiple processes. Consequently, identifying the sources of alterations in emotion processing and social cognition is crucial for understanding individual differences in neurotypical and clinical populations.
New Pixel Circuit Based on Silicon Backplane for Micro-Organic Light-Emitting Diode Employing Hybrid Program Method
Authors: Lee Han Cheol , Im Hwarim , Jeon Jae-Hong , Moon Kook Chul , Kim Yong-Sang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A new pixel circuit based on silicon backplane technologies for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays is proposed for a micro-OLED with several thousand pixels per inch (ppi) and several µm pixel pitch. Because the current level of each pixel for the 63rd gray is approximately 1 nA and the minimum voltage unit at mid-gray is approximately 1 mV for high-ppi micro-OLEDs, the pixel circuit must have highly accurate current control ability. The new pixel circuit can precisely control tiny currents by employing a hybrid programming method that combines current and voltage programming. The proposed current programming based on the current mirror can compensate for short-range transistor variations even under small-current conditions, and the capacitive voltage divider can expand the data voltage range N times. A simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) was employed to evaluate circuit operation and performance. The simulation results indicated N times extended input data voltage range and a low current error rate of 5% for an OLED anode variation of 10 mV.
Adaptive control of bilateral teleoperation systems under denial-of-service attacks
Authors: Wei Lanyan , Li Yuling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates resilient consensus control for teleoperation systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. We design resilient controllers with auxiliary systems based on sampled positions of both master and slave robots, enhancing robustness during DoS attacks. Additionally, we establish stability conditions on DoS attack duration and frequency by applying multivariate small-gain methods to ensure closed-loop stability without the need to solve linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the controllers is validated through the simulation results, demonstrating that the master-slave synchronization is achieved.
Assessment of mechanical and micro structural analysis of iron ore tailings and red mud sustainable bricks using multiple linear regression
Authors: Beulah M , Sudhir M R , Pradhan Arpan , Saji Janita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The synergistic utilization of mining and industrial wastes in the construction industry represents a major step forward in the environmental and sustainable constructions. This research has presented an exploration of the feasibility of combined use of iron ore tailings (IOT) and red mud (RM) in sustainable brick manufacture. The IOT and RM have been blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and lime solution for the production of bricks without high-temperature kiln-firing. Eight different combinations of (IOT + GGBS) and (RM + GGBS) with varying ratios of the principal components have been used in the sustainable bricks. Multiple regression analysis has been employed to estimate the strength of a different compositions of bricks. The bricks with 70% RM and 30% GGBS have attained the highest strength of 9.68 MPa and the bricks with 70% IOT and 30% GGBS attained the highest strength of 6.25 MPa among various combinations. The water absorption results of 18.7% and 19.02% have fulfilled the IS standards too. The research has revealed that the bonding between bricks and mortar has been influenced by the Si-Al matrix at low calcium content. Additionally, the formation of the delicate Ca-Al-Si phase capable of permeating the brick, has contributed to the constructive brick structure. The study also reinforced the view that the combined use of mining and industrial waste in production of environmentally friendly bricks is viable.
Less is more: evaluating the impact of transitions of care pharmacist-led optimization on discharge antibiotic therapy duration in the emergency department
Authors: Zapata Joel , Adeife Sandra , Cutrell James B. , Jacobs Lindsay , Monogue Marguerite L. , Ramos Michelle , Sanders James , Wang Chen-Ching , Golnabi Esther Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Patients discharged from emergency departments (ED) with antibiotics for common infections often receive unnecessarily prolonged durations, representing a target for transition of care (TOC) antimicrobial stewardship intervention.

Methods:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TOC pharmacists’ review on decreasing the duration of discharge oral antibiotics in patients discharged from the ED at an academic medical center. Pharmacist interventions were guided by an antibiotic duration of therapy guidance focused on respiratory, urinary, and skin infections developed and implemented by the antimicrobial stewardship program. Pharmacist interventions from January 27, 2023, to December 29, 2023, were analyzed to quantify the total number of antibiotic days saved and the percentage of provider acceptance.

Results:
The ED TOC pharmacists reviewed a total of 157 oral antibiotic prescriptions. 86.6% percent of the reviews required pharmacist interventions. The most common indications for the discharge antibiotics were urinary tract infections (50.0%) and skin infections (23.4%). The total number of antibiotic days saved was 155 days with the provider acceptance rate of 76.5%. In 21% of cases, providers did not count the antibiotic doses administered in the ED, contributing to unnecessarily prolonged duration. 10.2% of patients re-presented to the ED while 6.4% of patients were hospitalized within 30 days of index ED discharge.

Conclusion:
The transitions of care pharmacist-led intervention was successful in optimizing the duration of discharge oral antibiotics in the ED utilizing prospective audit and feedback based on institutional guidance. The ED represents a high-yield setting for TOC-directed antimicrobial stewardship.
Macro- and micro-influencers of antimicrobial costs…What do stewardship programs need to know?
Authors: Kandiah Sheetal , Altamimi Sarah , Shaeer Kristy M , Holubar Marisa , Wagner Jamie L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The high cost of antimicrobials presents critical challenges for healthcare providers managing infections amidst the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). High costs hinder access to necessary treatments, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations and exacerbating health disparities. High drug prices necessitate the use of less effective or more toxic alternatives, leading to suboptimal outcomes and prolonged hospitalizations. This, in turn, increases healthcare costs and undermines efforts to combat AMR. Equitable policies, national formularies, and cost caps for essential antimicrobials can ensure universal access to life-saving treatments and enable antimicrobial stewardship programs to ensure the best possible outcomes.
Single center, retrospective evaluation of requiring 48 hours versus 24 hours before a pharmacist-driven protocol-based IV to PO conversion of azithromycin
Authors: Felix Abraham , Pardo Winifred , Fuerte Wilbert , Morales Laura , Gauthier Timothy P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Shortening a pharmacist-driven policy to allow a switch from IV to PO azithromycin after 24 hours instead of 48 hours led to 26% increase in oral azithromycin days of therapy (P < 0.001) and was associated with a shorter length of stay.
Free Movement for Whom? Gendered Dynamics in the Access to Mobility Infrastructures in West Africa
Authors: Weinrich Amalie Ravn 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Economic Community of West African States (“ECOWAS”) has established one of the most comprehensive free movement regimes. By declaring West Africa a borderless region, the organization affirms the right of free movement for all citizens of member states. Nevertheless, significant obstacles to securing this right persist and is particularly prevalent for female migrants. Studies reveal that widespread corruption, border harassment, and bureaucratic inefficiencies restrict female migration opportunities. However, current scholarship inadequately addresses the interrelation between regional mobility law, infrastructures, and female migration. This Article examines the gendered dimensions of access to mobility infrastructures from the perspective of ECOWAS officials. Mobility infrastructures are conceptualized as comprising legal, physical, and technological components that collectively facilitate or restrict movement. The analysis draws on documentary evidence and insights from 19 semi-structured interviews with ECOWAS Commission officials. It shows that access to mobility infrastructures is predominantly determined by embedded gender norms, laws, and practices. By analyzing accounts from officials involved in constructing the free movement regime, the Article provides unique insights into the disparities between institutional intentions, legal frameworks, and mobility trajectories. In doing so, it contributes to research on free movement in West Africa, mobility infrastructures, and the emerging scholarship on legal infrastructures.
Cruise Ships in International Law: Towards a Theory of Legal Infrastructure
Authors: Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas , Mann Itamar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe notion of infrastructure has recently featured prominently in international legal scholarship. The ambition behind the turn to infrastructure in international legal theory is comparable to other large attempts to conceptualize the discipline. Yet, against the backdrop of work in the humanities and social sciences, theoretical engagement with infrastructure is still nascent in the legal discipline. In this Article, we build on another recent development in international legal scholarship—the turn to “materiality”—to articulate a systematic theory of infrastructure in international law. At the center of our study is the case study of the cruise ship. Studying cruise ships and their legal and political environment in detail, we introduce three conceptual building blocks through which we develop a more comprehensive theory of infrastructure: Platform, object and rupture. Although we focus on cruise ships, the theory of legal infrastructure that we offer is applicable to a wide array of industries and issues.
Redistricting and Party Loyalty in the State Supreme Courts
Authors: Wilhelm Teena , VandeKamp Garrett , Petrie Austin , Pennington Ray Karson 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this research, we examine redistricting plan review by state supreme courts to determine what factors influence party-aligned voting in judicial decisions. We analyze whether judicial selection systems matter, as well as the ideological extremism of judges. Our judge-level data includes votes on redistricting cases heard across the American states from 1961 to 2022. We find that judges who are ideologically extreme are more likely to cast party-aligned votes, but only when selected by appointment with life tenure or by partisan elections.
DIODORUS AND THE LENGTH OF THE SOLITVDO MAGISTRATVVM
Authors: Ziółkowski Adam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this note I argue that the generally accepted view that Diodorus preserved a tradition which limited the fourth-century anarchy in Rome to one year is groundless, and that the author’s confused chronology of the Early and Middle Republic strongly suggests that in the source he followed the solitudo magistratuum lasted several years, as in other reports.
SARDÎSTÔN: A NEW TERM FOR AN OLD CONCEPT IN RABBINIC LITERATURE
Authors: Gvaryahu Amit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sardismos is the name, in several Latin works of literary criticism, for a combination of more than one language or dialect in a sentence. Quintilian (first century c.e.) uses the term disparagingly; the Christian author Cassiodorus (sixth century c.e.) uses it positively. A similar term, sardîstôn, is found in the rabbinic work Exodus Rabbah 2, created in the sixth-century Byzantine empire. This article is a short study of this term, the history of its misinterpretation and reinterpretation, its meaning in context, and its relationship to sardismos.
How much is in a square? Calculating functional programs with squares
Authors: OLIVEIRA JOSE NUNO 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Experience in teaching functional programming (FP) on a relational basis has led the author to focus on a graphical style of expression and reasoning in which a geometric construct shines: the (semi) commutative square. In the classroom this is termed the “magic square” (MS), since virtually everything that we do in logic, FP, database modeling, formal semantics and so on fits in some MS geometry. The sides of each magic square are binary relations and the square itself is a comparison of two paths, each involving two sides. MSs compose and have a number of useful properties. Among several examples given in the paper ranging over different application domains, free-theorem MSs are shown to be particularly elegant and productive. Helped by a little bit of Galois connections, a generic, induction-free theory for

${\mathsf{foldr}}$

and

$\mathsf{foldl}$

is given, showing in particular that

${\mathsf{foldl} \, {{s}}{}\mathrel{=}\mathsf{foldr}{({flip} \unicode{x005F}{s})}{}}$

holds under conditions milder than usually advocated.