bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV Reflectance of Spacecraft Materials and Analog Soils: Implications for Bioburden Reductions on the Undersides of Mars Rovers
Authors: Schuerger Andrew C. , Moores John E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Mars Sample Return mission architecture will utilize three spacecraft to collect, cache, recover, launch, and return to Earth a diversity of regolith and rock samples. However, no comprehensive Mars Microbial Survival (MMS) model currently exists. As an initial effort in building an MMS model, we examined the UV reflectance of 15 spacecraft materials and seven Mars analog soils within the context of the Perseverance mission. Data were used to predict the times required to achieve one lethal dose (syn., Sterility Assurance Level [SAL]; def. as a bioburden reduction of −12 logs). Results suggest that a single SAL dosage of UVC was achieved on exposed surfaces on the upper deck of Perseverance within a few hours to a few sols post‐landing at Jezero Crater. The overall average for UVC reflectance from spacecraft materials was approximately 10%. The overall UVC reflectance from Mars analog soils was measured at 1.3%. The Adaptive Caching Assembly (ACA) on Perseverance is located on the forward edge of the underbelly of the spacecraft. Modeling of the accumulated UVC dosage for the ACA yielded a prediction of reaching one SAL for downward facing surfaces at 93 sols that receive “single‐bounce” UVC photons from the local terrain. The SAL increases to 930 sols if an additional “bounce” of the solar UV irradiation is required to reach a partially protected site in the ACA hardware. The current study is the first to report the UVC reflectance from a diversity of spacecraft materials.
Time-sensitive healthcare guidelines for youth with chronic diseases in custody: gaps in care
Authors: Dickens Colin , Ramesh Ahalya , Adanlawo Temiloluwa , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: December 2023

Case study
On May 9th, 2023, a U.S. Border Patrol detained a family of five near Brownsville, TX. During processing, one of the family members, an eight-year-old girl, ADRA, was noted to have sickle cell anemia and a heart disease condition. Five days after they arrived at the Donna Facility, on May 14th, ADRA displayed symptoms, including abdominal pain and fever, and tested positive for Influenza A. She was administered medication and transferred to a designated isolation unit at the Harlingen Border Patrol Station. Despite her deteriorating condition and her mother’s urgent requests for medical intervention, there were no documented consultations with an on-call physician or considerations for her transfer to a local hospital. On May 17th, ADRA’s health critically declined, marked by multiple visits to the medical unit for vomiting and abdominal pain. An ambulance was dispatched only after ADRA experienced a seizure and became unresponsive, Fig. 1. Her subsequent death was deemed a “preventable tragedy” attributed to systemic failures in the Border Patrol’s medical care and decision-making processes in a juvenile care monitor’s report.1

Impact
This article adds to the existing literature by:

Summarizing the gap in age-specific guidelines for six chronic diseases that occur in children and adolescents held in custody.

Identifying the lack of adequate intervention strategies for acute management of chronic diseases for youth held in custody and strategies for improving health equity.
Lysosomes, caspase-mediated apoptosis, and cytoplasmic activation of P21, but not cell senescence, participate in a redundant fashion in embryonic morphogenetic cell death
Authors: Duarte-Olivenza Cristina , Moran Goretti , Hurle Juan M. , Lorda-Diez Carlos I. , Montero Juan A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicromass cultures of embryonic limb skeletal progenitors replicate the tissue remodelling processes observed during digit morphogenesis. Here, we have employed micromass cultures in an in vitro assay to study the nature of cell degeneration events associated with skeletogenesis. In the assay, “naive” progenitors obtained from the autopod aggregate to form chondrogenic nodules and those occupying the internodular spaces exhibit intense apoptosis and progressive accumulation of larger cells, showing intense SA-β-Gal histochemical labelling that strictly overlaps with the distribution of neutral red vital staining. qPCR analysis detected intense upregulation of the p21 gene, but P21 immunolabelling showed cytoplasmic rather than the nuclear distribution expected in senescent cells. Semithin sections and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of canonical apoptotic cells, degenerated cell fragments in the process of phagocytic internalization by the neighbouring cells, and large vacuolated cells containing phagosomes. The immunohistochemical distribution of active caspase 3, cathepsin D, and β-galactosidase together with the reduction in cell death by chemical inhibition of caspases (Q-VAD) and lysosomal cathepsin D (Pepstatin A) supported a redundant implication of both pathways in the dying process. Chemical inhibition of P21 (UC2288) revealed a complementary role of this factor in the dying process. In contrast, treatment with the senolytic drug Navitoclax increased cell death without changing the number of cells positive for SA-β-Gal. We propose that this model of tissue remodelling involves the cooperative activation of multiple degradation routes and, most importantly, that positivity for SA-β-Gal reflects the occurrence of phagocytosis, supporting the rejection of cell senescence as a defining component of developmental tissue remodelling.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation via ubiquitination of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase
Authors: Lkhagva-Yondon Enkhmaa , Seo Myeong Seong , Oh Yena , Jung Jonghun , Jeon Eunhae , Na Kwangmin , Yoo Hyun Seung , Kim Woo Chul , Esser Charlotte , Song Sun U. , Jeon Myung-Shin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic advantages due to their immunosuppressive properties. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose signaling plays an important role in the immune system. AHR may be involved in the regulation of MSC-associated immunomodulatory functions. However, the mechanisms by which AHR controls the immunosuppressive functions of MSCs are not well understood. Here, we report that Ahr-deficient MSCs show decreased therapeutic efficacy against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) compared to wild-type (WT)-MSCs. This was probably due to decreased iNOS protein expression, which is a key regulatory enzyme in MSC immunomodulation. The expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), which inhibits the elongation stage of protein synthesis, is significantly increased in the Ahr-deficient MSCs. Inhibition of eEF2K restored iNOS protein expression. AHR is known to act as an E3 ligase together with CUL4B. We observed constitutive binding of AHR to eEF2K. Consequently, ubiquitination and degradation of eEF2K were inhibited in Ahr-deficient MSCs and by the AHR antagonist CH223191 in WT-MSCs. In summary, AHR regulates the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs through ubiquitination of eEF2K, thereby controlling iNOS protein synthesis and its product, nitric oxide levels.
Blockade of DDR1/PYK2/ERK signaling suggesting SH2 superbinder as a novel autophagy inhibitor for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xu Hui , Tan Ming , Hou Guo-Qing , Sang Ya-Zhou , Lin Li , Gan Xiao-Cai , Cao Xuan , Liu An-Dong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPancreatic cancer is highly lethal, of which 90% is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with a 5-year survival rate of less than 12%, lacking effective treatment options and late diagnosis. Furthermore, the tumors show an intense resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapies. As autophagy is elevated in PDAC, targeting the autophagic pathway is regarded as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to assess the autophagic flux. Label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics was used to figure out critically altered tyrosine phosphorylation of the proteins. Tumor-bearing mice were used to validate that SH2 TrM-(Arg)9 restrained the growth of tumor cells. SH2 TrM-(Arg)9 inhibited collagen-induced autophagy via blocking the DDR1/PYK2/ERK signaling cascades. SH2 TrM-(Arg)9 improved the sensitivity of PANC-1/GEM cells to gemcitabine (GEM). Inhibition of autophagy by SH2 TrM-(Arg)9 may synergized with chemotherapy and robusted tumor suppression in pancreatic cancer xenografts. SH2 TrM-(Arg)9 could enter into PDAC cells and blockade autophagy through inhibiting DDR1/PYK2/ERK signaling and may be a new treatment strategy for targeted therapy of PDAC.
Personalized dietary management of advanced prostate cancer using nutrigenomics: a case report
Authors: Brinkman Maree , Green Hayden , Crofts Sam , Jones Bridget , Walsh Simone , Smith Margaret 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile there are emerging reports in the scientific literature on potential associations between cholesterol/lipids and prostate cancer, information on the dietary management of these cancer patients is currently lacking. We report on a 57-year-old white Australian male diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer who had personalized dietary management in preparation for and following his medical treatment: radiation and radical prostatectomy. Dietary recommendations were based on his blood results and nutrigenomic tests which showed a history of and genetic predisposition to dyslipidemia. Nutritional analysis also confirmed the need for dietary modification of his fat intake. Eighteen months post medical and dietary intervention his PSA level was reported at 0.1 ug/L and all blood lipid levels were within reference ranges. At two years there was no detectable disease recurrence and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was not required. Personalized dietary recommendations could be a clinically beneficial addition to the multidisciplinary management of prostate cancer patients.
Highly scalable photoinduced synthesis of silanols via untraversed pathway for chlorine radical (Cl•) generation
Authors: Saha Argha , Ali Wajid , Werz Daniel B. , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe emergence of visible light-mediated synthetic transformations has transpired as a promising approach to redefine traditional organic synthesis in a sustainable way. In this genre, transition metal-mediated photoredox catalysis has led the way and recreated a plethora of organic transformations. However, the use of photochemical energy solely to initiate the reaction is underexplored. With the direct utilization of photochemical energy herein, we have established a general and practical protocol for the synthesis of diversely functionalized organosilanols, silanediols, and polymeric siloxanol engaging a wide spectrum of hydrosilanes under ambient reaction conditions. Streamlined synthesis of bio-active silanols via late-stage functionalization underscores the importance of this sustainable protocol. Interestingly, this work also reveals photoinduced non-classical chlorine radical (Cl•) generation from a readily available chlorinated solvent under aerobic conditions. The intriguing factors of the proposed mechanism involving chlorine and silyl radicals as intermediates were supported by a series of mechanistic investigations.
The distinct translational landscapes of gram-negative Salmonella and gram-positive Listeria
Authors: Bryant Owain J. , Lastovka Filip , Powell Jessica , Chung Betty Y. -W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTranslational control in pathogenic bacteria is fundamental to gene expression and affects virulence and other infection phenotypes. We used an enhanced ribosome profiling protocol coupled with parallel transcriptomics to capture accurately the global translatome of two evolutionarily distant pathogenic bacteria—the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella and the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria. We find that the two bacteria use different mechanisms to translationally regulate protein synthesis. In Salmonella, in addition to the expected correlation between translational efficiency and cis-regulatory features such as Shine–Dalgarno (SD) strength and RNA secondary structure around the initiation codon, our data reveal an effect of the 2nd and 3rd codons, where the presence of tandem lysine codons (AAA-AAA) enhances translation in both Salmonella and E. coli. Strikingly, none of these features are seen in efficiently translated Listeria transcripts. Instead, approximately 20% of efficiently translated Listeria genes exhibit 70 S footprints seven nt upstream of the authentic start codon, suggesting that these genes may be subject to a novel translational initiation mechanism. Our results show that SD strength is not a direct hallmark of translational efficiency in all bacteria. Instead, Listeria has evolved additional mechanisms to control gene expression level that are distinct from those utilised by Salmonella and E. coli.
Widespread PREMA in the upper mantle indicated by low-degree basaltic melts
Authors: Cai Ronghua , Liu Jingao , Pearson D. Graham , Giuliani Andrea , van Keken Peter E. , Oesch Senan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudies of ocean island basalts have identified a Prevalent Mantle (PREMA) component as a fundamental feature of mantle geochemical arrays; however, its origin and distribution are highly controversial, including its potential link to plumes sourced in low-shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs) above the core-mantle boundary. In this study, we interrogate the compositional systematics of ~ 3500 Cenozoic oceanic and continental sodic basalts to provide insights into the origin and distribution of PREMA. We find that low-degree basaltic melts with high Nb concentrations located away from deep-mantle plumes have PREMA-like Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic signatures, implying that PREMA is highly fusible and not exclusively associated with LLSVPs. Geochemical modelling and mantle convection simulations indicate that PREMA could have been generated soon after Earth accretion, experiencing only minimal melting or enrichment, and then scattered throughout the upper mantle, rather than being the result of mixing between depleted and enriched mantle components.
Loss of cohesin regulator PDS5A reveals repressive role of Polycomb loops
Authors: Bsteh Daniel , Moussa Hagar F. , Michlits Georg , Yelagandula Ramesh , Wang Jingkui , Elling Ulrich , Bell Oliver 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1, PRC2) are conserved epigenetic regulators that promote transcriptional gene silencing. PRC1 and PRC2 converge on shared targets, catalyzing repressive histone modifications. Additionally, a subset of PRC1/PRC2 targets engage in long-range interactions whose functions in gene silencing are poorly understood. Using a CRISPR screen in mouse embryonic stem cells, we found that the cohesin regulator PDS5A links transcriptional silencing by Polycomb and 3D genome organization. PDS5A deletion impairs cohesin unloading and results in derepression of a subset of endogenous PRC1/PRC2 target genes. Importantly, derepression is not linked to loss of Polycomb chromatin domains. Instead, PDS5A removal causes aberrant cohesin activity leading to ectopic insulation sites, which disrupt the formation of ultra-long Polycomb loops. We show that these loops are important for robust silencing at a subset of PRC1/PRC2 target genes and that maintenance of cohesin-dependent genome architecture is critical for Polycomb regulation.
Alkali metal reduction of alkali metal cations
Authors: Pearce Kyle G. , Liu Han-Ying , Neale Samuel E. , Goff Hattie M. , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L. , Hill Michael S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCounter to synthetic convention and expectation provided by the relevant standard reduction potentials, the chloroberyllate, [{SiNDipp}BeClLi]2 [{SiNDipp} = {CH2SiMe2N(Dipp)}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)], reacts with the group 1 elements (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) to provide the respective heavier alkali metal analogues, [{SiNDipp}BeClM]2, through selective reduction of the Li+ cation. Whereas only [{SiNDipp}BeClRb]2 is amenable to reduction by potassium to its nearest lighter congener, these species may also be sequentially interconverted by treatment of [{SiNDipp}BeClM]2 by the successively heavier group 1 metal. A theoretical analysis combining density functional theory (DFT) with elemental thermochemistry is used to rationalise these observations, where consideration of the relevant enthalpies of atomisation of each alkali metal in its bulk metallic form proved crucial in accounting for experimental observations.
The DNA glycosylase NEIL2 is protective during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Tapryal Nisha , Chakraborty Anirban , Saha Kaushik , Islam Azharul , Pan Lang , Hosoki Koa , Sayed Ibrahim M. , Duran Jason M. , Alcantara Joshua , Castillo Vanessa , Tindle Courtney , Sarker Altaf H. , Wakamiya Maki , Cardenas Victor J. , Sharma Gulshan , Crotty Alexander Laura E. , Sur Sanjiv , Sahoo Debashis , Ghosh Gourisankar , Das Soumita , Ghosh Pradipta , Boldogh Istvan , Hazra Tapas K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection-induced aggravation of host innate immune response not only causes tissue damage and multiorgan failure in COVID-19 patients but also induces host genome damage and activates DNA damage response pathways. To test whether the compromised DNA repair capacity of individuals modulates the severity of COVID-19 infection, we analyze DNA repair gene expression in publicly available patient datasets and observe a lower level of the DNA glycosylase NEIL2 in the lungs of severely infected COVID-19 patients. This observation of lower NEIL2 levels is further validated in infected patients, hamsters and ACE2 receptor-expressing human A549 (A549-ACE2) cells. Furthermore, delivery of recombinant NEIL2 in A549-ACE2 cells shows decreased expression of proinflammatory genes and viral E-gene, as well as lowers the yield of viral progeny compared to mock-treated cells. Mechanistically, NEIL2 cooperatively binds to the 5’-UTR of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA to block viral protein synthesis. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that the maintenance of basal NEIL2 levels is critical for the protective response of hosts to viral infection and disease.
Generation of three-dimensional meat-like tissue from stable pig epiblast stem cells
Authors: Zhu Gaoxiang , Gao Dengfeng , Li Linzi , Yao Yixuan , Wang Yingjie , Zhi Minglei , Zhang Jinying , Chen Xinze , Zhu Qianqian , Gao Jie , Chen Tianzhi , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Tong , Cao Suying , Ma Aijin , Feng Xianchao , Han Jianyong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCultured meat production has emerged as a breakthrough technology for the global food industry with the potential to reduce challenges associated with environmental sustainability, global public health, animal welfare, and competition for food between humans and animals. The muscle stem cell lines currently used for cultured meat cannot be passaged in vitro for extended periods of time. Here, we develop a directional differentiation system of porcine pre-gastrulation epiblast stem cells (pgEpiSCs) with stable cellular features and achieve serum-free myogenic differentiation of the pgEpiSCs. We show that the pgEpiSCs-derived skeletal muscle progenitor cells and skeletal muscle fibers have typical muscle cell characteristics and display skeletal muscle transcriptional features during myogenic differentiation. Importantly, we establish a three-dimensional differentiation system for shaping cultured tissue by screening plant-based edible scaffolds of non-animal origin, followed by the generation of pgEpiSCs-derived cultured meat. These advances provide a technical approach for the development of cultured meat.
Orbital topological edge states and phase transitions in one-dimensional acoustic resonator chains
Authors: Gao Feng , Xiang Xiao , Peng Yu-Gui , Ni Xiang , Sun Qi-Li , Yves Simon , Zhu Xue-Feng , Alù Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTopological phases of matter have attracted significant attention in recent years, due to the unusual robustness of their response to defects and disorder. Various research efforts have been exploring classical and quantum topological wave phenomena in engineered materials, in which different degrees of freedom (DoFs) – for the most part based on broken crystal symmetries associated with pseudo-spins – induce synthetic gauge fields that support topological phases and unveil distinct forms of wave propagation. However, spin is not the only viable option to induce topological effects. Intrinsic orbital DoFs in spinless systems may offer a powerful alternative platform, mostly unexplored to date. Here we reveal orbital-selective wave-matter interactions in acoustic systems supporting multiple orbital DoFs, and report the experimental demonstration of disorder-immune orbital-induced topological edge states in a zigzag acoustic 1D spinless lattice. This work expands the study of topological phases based on orbitals, paving the way to explore other orbital-dependent phenomena in spinless systems.
The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR contributes to joint-specific gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Elhai Muriel , Micheroli Raphael , Houtman Miranda , Mirrahimi Masoumeh , Moser Larissa , Pauli Chantal , Bürki Kristina , Laimbacher Andrea , Kania Gabriela , Klein Kerstin , Schätzle Philipp , Frank Bertoncelj Mojca , Edalat Sam G. , Keusch Leandra , Khmelevskaya Alexandra , Toitou Melpomeni , Geiss Celina , Rauer Thomas , Sakkou Maria , Kollias George , Armaka Marietta , Distler Oliver , Ospelt Caroline 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) typically exhibit symmetrical joint involvement, some patients develop alternative disease patterns in response to treatment, suggesting that different molecular mechanism may underlie disease progression depending on joint location. Here, we identify joint-specific changes in RA synovium and synovial fibroblasts (SF) between knee and hand joints. We show that the long non-coding RNA HOTAIR, which is only expressed in knee SF, regulates more than 50% of this site-specific gene expression in SF. HOTAIR is downregulated after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is expressed at lower levels in knee samples from patients with RA, compared with osteoarthritis. Knockdown of HOTAIR in knee SF increases PI-Akt signalling and IL-6 production, but reduces Wnt signalling. Silencing HOTAIR inhibits the migratory function of SF, decreases SF-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and increases the recruitment of B cells by SF. We propose that HOTAIR is an important epigenetic factor in joint-specific gene expression in RA.
Tunable ferroelectricity in oxygen-deficient perovskites with Grenier structure
Authors: Shin Yongjin , Galli Giulia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing first-principles calculations, we predict that tunable ferroelectricity can be realized in oxide perovskites with the Grenier structure and ordered oxygen vacancies. Specifically, we show that R1/3A2/3FeO2.67 solids (where R is a rare-earth ion and A an alkaline-earth cation) exhibit polar phases, with a spontaneous polarization tunable by an appropriate choice of R and A. We find that larger cations combined with small R elements lead to a maximum in the polarization and to a minimum in the energy barriers required to switch the sign of the polarization. Ferroelectricity arises from cooperative distortions of octahedral and tetrahedral units, where a combination of rotational and sliding modes controls the emergence of polarization within three-dimensional connected layers. Our results indicate that polar Grenier phases of oxide perovskites are promising materials for microelectronic applications and, in general, for the study of phenomena emerging from breaking inversion symmetry in solids.