bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in cell suspensions of Cenchrus ciliaris L.
Authors: Goyal Shipra , Chatterjee Vijaya , Kulkarni Vishvas M. , Bhat Vishnu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to establish cell suspension culture, its maintenance and induction of somatic embryogenesis, and in vitro plant regeneration in Cenchrus ciliaris L. Suspension cultures are relatively homogenous cell lines facilitating uniform access to nutrition. These are ideal sources of competent cells for genetic transformation.

Results
Callus was initiated by culturing immature inflorescences of Cenchrus ciliaris cv. IGFRI-3108 on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 30 g l−1 sucrose. Cell suspension cultures were established in liquid MS medium using an inoculum size of 10 g l−1. These were maintained to achieve embryogenic cell/regeneration competent cultures. Growth curve analysis and a subculture interval of 20 days were determined to harvest cells at the end of the exponential phase. The cell doubling time was found to be 11 days. Somatic embryogenesis was accomplished in MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 2,4-D, 1 mg l−1 BAP along with growth adjuvants, 300 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate, 400 mg l−1 glutamine and 300 mg l−1 proline. The highest number (16 ± 3.78/per inoculum) of shoots regenerated on this medium. The elongation and rooting of shoots were recorded on basal MS and ½ MS media, respectively. Rooted plants were successfully transferred to pots containing a Soilrite and cocopeat mixture in a 3:1 proportion for 3–4 weeks and later successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with a 60% survival rate. The genetic fidelity of 12 regenerated plants was analysed using RAPD primers that were genetically identical to the mother plant.

Conclusion
Cell suspension culture-based in vitro plant regeneration of C. ciliaris involved the establishment, maintenance and progression of somatic embryogenesis during shoot and root development. The inherent limitation of callus-mediated in vitro plant regeneration reducing the regeneration potential due to the aging of the calli has been overcome.
The impact of higher protein dosing on outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a post hoc analysis of the EFFORT protein trial
Authors: Stoppe Christian , Patel Jayshil J. , Zarbock Alex , Lee Zheng-Yii , Rice Todd W. , Mafrici Bruno , Wehner Rebecca , Chan Man Hung Manuel , Lai Peter Chi Keung , MacEachern Kristen , Myrianthefs Pavlos , Tsigou Evdoxia , Ortiz-Reyes Luis , Jiang Xuran , Day Andrew G. , Hasan M. Shahnaz , Meybohm Patrick , Ke Lu , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Based on low-quality evidence, current nutrition guidelines recommend the delivery of high-dose protein in critically ill patients. The EFFORT Protein trial showed that higher protein dose is not associated with improved outcomes, whereas the effects in critically ill patients who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) need further evaluation. The overall aim is to evaluate the effects of high-dose protein in critically ill patients who developed different stages of AKI.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis of the EFFORT Protein trial, we investigated the effect of high versus usual protein dose (≥ 2.2 vs. ≤ 1.2 g/kg body weight/day) on time-to-discharge alive from the hospital (TTDA) and 60-day mortality and in different subgroups in critically ill patients with AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria within 7 days of ICU admission. The associations of protein dose with incidence and duration of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were also investigated.

Results
Of the 1329 randomized patients, 312 developed AKI and were included in this analysis (163 in the high and 149 in the usual protein dose group). High protein was associated with a slower time-to-discharge alive from the hospital (TTDA) (hazard ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.8) and higher 60-day mortality (relative risk 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8). Effect modification was not statistically significant for any subgroup, and no subgroups suggested a beneficial effect of higher protein, although the harmful effect of higher protein target appeared to disappear in patients who received kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Protein dose was not significantly associated with the incidence of AKI and KRT or duration of KRT.

Conclusions
In critically ill patients with AKI, high protein may be associated with worse outcomes in all AKI stages. Recommendation of higher protein dosing in AKI patients should be carefully re-evaluated to avoid potential harmful effects especially in patients who were not treated with KRT.
Trial registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03160547) on May 17th 2017.
Characterization of briquettes developed from banana peels, pineapple peels and water hyacinth
Authors: Mibulo Tadeo , Nsubuga Denis , Kabenge Isa , Wydra Kerstin D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Uganda’s energy relies heavily on biomass sources. This dependence on biomass for household and commercial purposes, driven largely by population increase, poses pressure on natural resources, such as forests. This study investigates the usage of some of the country’s largely produced agricultural wastes for the production of biofuels.

Methods
Pineapple peels (PP), banana peels (BP) and water hyacinth (WH_Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) were used for generation of both carbonized and uncarbonized briquettes. Physical properties and calorific values for the developed briquettes were determined through thermogravimetric analysis and using a bomb calorimeter.

Results
Pineapple peel carbonized briquettes had the highest calorific value (25.08 MJ/kg), followed by a composite of banana peels and pineapple peels (22.77 MJ/kg). The moisture content for briquettes ranged from 3.9% to 18.65%. Uncarbonized briquettes had higher volatile matter (ranging between 62.83% and 75.1%) compared to carbonized briquettes (ranging between 22.01% and 24.74%). Uncarbonized briquettes had a shorter boiling time (ranging between 27 and 36 min for 2.5 L of water) compared to carbonized briquettes (ranging between 26 and 41 min). Bulk density was highest in uncarbonized BP briquettes (1.089 g/cm3) and compressive strength was highest with carbonized BP + PP (53.22 N/mm2). When using water hyacinth alone, the produced carbonized briquettes show low calorific values (16.22 MJ/kg). However, the calorific values increased when they were mixed with banana (20.79 MJ/kg) or pineapple peels (20.55 MJ/kg).

Conclusions
The findings revealed that agricultural wastes could be used to augment the energy sources pool to protect the environment and create social stability in the community.
Sleep disturbance increases the risk of severity and acquisition of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Jafarabady Kyana , Rajai Shahryar , Mohammadi Ida , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Understanding the association between sleep quality and COVID-19 outcomes is crucial for effective preventive strategies and patient management. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of sleep quality as a risk factor for acquiring COVID-19 infection and the severity of the disease.

Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published from the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic which was 31st of December 2019 until 30 April 2023. Studies investigating the relationship between sleep quality and COVID-19 infection, or disease severity were included. Random effect meta-analysis was performed with odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as effect measures.

Results
Out of the initial 1,132 articles identified, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were observational studies (cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional). The association between sleep quality and COVID-19 infection risk was examined in 6 studies, The results of our meta-analysis showed that participants with poor sleep quality showed a 16% increase regarding the risk of COVID-19 acquisition (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.03, 1.32; I2 = 65.2%, p = 0.02). Our results showed that participants with poor sleep quality showed a 51% increase in the incidence of primary composite outcome (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.25, 1.81; I2 = 57.85%, p < 0.001). The result of our subgroup analysis also showed significantly increased risk of mortality (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50, 0.90; I2 = 31%, p = 0.008), and disease severity (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.19, 1.80; I2 = 3.21%, p < 0.001) when comparing poor sleep group to those with good sleep quality.

Conclusion
This study highlights a significant association between poor sleep quality and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection as well as worse disease clinical outcomes.
Is There Just One Type of Multisport Pathway? A Scoping Review of Multisport Engagement in Early Athlete Development
Authors: Ramsay Gillian , Mosher Alexandra , Baker Joseph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMultisport engagement is positioned as the antithesis to specialization within youth development pathways. However, different terms are used to describe the multisport pathway, which may create confusion regarding what the pathway should look like. This review investigated all published research examining the multisport pathway, with a focus on terminology, and how different terms have led to varying interpretations of this research. Four databases were searched for all peer reviewed studies published up until December 2021. All included papers were full text, in English, and focusing on multisport athlete engagement. In total, 1974 abstracts were screened for inclusion eligibility, resulting in 82 articles included within this review. General results showed most studies are empirical (71%,n = 58) and looked at athlete development pathways using retrospective questionnaires aimed at investigating the specific pathway to sporting excellence. However, despite the consensus that multisport athletes play many sports in their lifetime, there is little investigation into when and the level of intensity (play versus practice) at which these sports are being played. Further, inconsistencies in the terminology used to describe this pathway have made it difficult to understand potential mechanisms that lead to any positive or negative effects. It is recommended that differences between the key terms ofdiversificationandsamplingare clarified and should not be regarded as synonymous as they may represent different paths within multisport development based on varying levels of intensity of play and practice.
Potential application of foveal structural measurements in treatment decision for retinopathy of prematurity: an OCT-based study
Authors: Bazvand Fatemeh , Salari Farhad , Barzi Navid Hasani , Ghassemi Fariba , Maleki Anahid , Dastjani Farahani Afsar , Imani Fooladi Marjan , Taleghani Naeeme Taslimi , Shariati Maryam Khoshnoud , Harper C. Armitage , Mehrabi Bahar Mohammadreza 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate foveal changes in infants with ROP not requiring treatment(nROP) and ROP infants needing treatment (tROP) using a handheld SD-OCT device.

Method
We performed horizontal SD-OCT scans through the fovea in 156 eyes of 81 infants diagnosed with ROP. Foveal immaturity indices including the presence of inner retinal layers (IRL), absence of foveal outer nuclear layers widening (ONL) and attenuation of hyperreflective outer segment layers (OS), presence and type of cystoid macular edema (CME), epiretinal membrane (ERM), foveal pit depth (FPD), foveal pit width (FPW) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were calculated. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to predict the need for treatment based on OCT measurements.

Results
The shape of the foveolar pit was not significantly different among tROP and nROP groups (P-value = 0.287, Chi-square test). IRL extrusion was incomplete in both tROP and nROP groups (P-value = 0.0.41, Chi-square test). Nevertheless, the presence of thicker IRL was more frequent in the nROP group in comparison with the tROP group (100% vs.64.8%, P-value = 0.001). CME was observed in 29% of eyes in the tROP group and 40% of eyes in the nROP group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P-value = 0.32, Chi-square test). ERM was detected in 15 (75%) and 84 (65.6%) eyes in the nROP and tROP groups, respectively (P-value = 0.39, Chi-square test). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the need for treatment was significantly associated with gestational age (GA), CFT and FPD (P-values 0.001 and 0.002 respectively).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated GA, foveal pit depth and the central foveal thickness could accurately predict the need for treatment with sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 97%, 65% and 91.7% respectively.
Prevalence and determinants of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety–depression symptoms among adolescents in Ebola-affected zones
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Dromer Elisabeth , Mistry Shruti , Villarreal Daniela Gonzalez , Moshirian Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Dalexis Rose Darly , Darius Wina Paul , Bukaka Jacqueline , Balayulu-Makila Oléa , Luyeye Noble , Derivois Daniel , Rousseau Cécile 
Published: October 2023

Background
Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been shown to be associated with poor mental health in affected zones. However, no study has yet explored its impact on adolescents’ mental health.

Aims
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents in EVD-affected areas in the Equateur Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
A provincial sample of adolescents aged 12–17 years (M = 14.84, s.d. = 1.49) living in the 18 urban and rural areas affected by the 2018 EVD outbreak completed a two-wave longitudinal survey. Surveys assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety, exposure to Ebola, social support and sociodemographic information.

Results
A total of 490 participants completed the baseline and follow-up surveys, 50% of whom were female. Elevated and worsened depressive symptoms were observed among participants from the baseline (56.94%) to the follow-up (91.43%; z = −11.37, P < 0.001), whereas anxiety symptoms decreased from the baseline (36.33%) to follow-up (24.90%; z = 4.06, P < 0.001). The final generalised estimating equation model showed that anxiety symptoms decreased over time (B = −3.92, P < 0.001), while depression symptoms increased (B = 4.79, P < 0.001). Stigmatisation related to Ebola positively predicted anxiety (B = 5.41, P < 0.001) and depression symptoms (B = 0.4452, P = 0.009). Social support negatively predicted anxiety (B = −1.13, P = 0.004) and depression (B = −0.98, P < 0.001) symptoms but only moderated the association between stigmatisation and depression symptoms (B = −0.67, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Most adolescents living in EVD-affected areas experience mental health issues. Stigmatisation related to EVD and living in urban areas are the most consistent predictors of mental health problems. Nevertheless, social support remains a protective factor for depression and anxiety symptoms and a necessary resource for building resilience.
The role of gender as a barrier to the professional development of psychiatrists
Authors: Kilic Ozge , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Galderisi Silvana , Gorwood Philip , Frangou Sophia , Pinto da Costa Mariana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite efforts toward greater gender equality in clinical and academic psychiatry in recent years, more information is needed about the challenges in professional development within psychiatry, and how these may vary with gender.

Methods
A cross-sectional 27-item online survey was conducted with psychiatrists and psychiatric trainee members of the European Psychiatric Association.

Results
A total of 561 psychiatrists and psychiatric trainees from 35 European countries participated representing a response rate of 52.8% for women and 17.7% for men from a total sample of 1,580. The specific challenges that women face in their professional development fall into two categories. One comprised women’s negative attitudes concerning their abilities in self-promotion and networking. The other identified environmental barriers related to lack of opportunity and support and gender discrimination. Compared to men, women reported higher rates of gender discrimination in terms of professional advancement. Women were less likely to agree that their institutions had regular activities promoting inclusion, diversity, and training to address implicit gender bias. Working in high-income countries compared to middle-income countries relates to reporting institutional support for career progression.

Conclusions
These findings are an open call to hospital leaders, deans of medical schools, and department chairs to increase efforts to eradicate bias against women and create safer, inclusive, and respectful environments for all psychiatrists, a special call to women psychiatrists to be aware of inner tendencies to avoid self-promotion and networking and to think positively and confidently about themselves and their abilities.
Paraproteinemic Neuropathies
Authors: Beydoun Said R. , Darki Leila 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVECoexistence of polyneuropathy and gammopathy is a common but potentially challenging situation in clinical practice. This article reviews the clinical, electrophysiologic, and hematologic phenotypes of the paraproteinemic neuropathies and the diagnostic and treatment strategies for each.LATEST DEVELOPMENTSAdvances in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of various paraproteinemic neuropathies and their corresponding phenotypes have identified potential new therapeutic targets. Therapeutic strategies to diminish anti–myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) IgM antibodies have shown partial and inconsistent efficacy; however, antigen-specific immune therapy is being investigated as a novel treatment to remove the presumably pathogenic anti-MAG antibody. Advances in genetic and cell signaling studies have resulted in the approval of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Monoclonal antibodies are being investigated for the treatment of light chain amyloidosis.ESSENTIAL POINTSEarly recognition and treatment of underlying plasma cell disorders improves clinical outcomes in patients with paraproteinemic neuropathy. Despite significant progress, our knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms for paraproteinemic neuropathy is still limited. Clinicians’ awareness of clinical phenotypes, electrophysiologic hallmarks, and hematologic findings of the different paraproteinemic neuropathies is crucial to promptly identify and treat patients and to avert misdiagnosis. Multidisciplinary collaboration among specialists, including neurologists and hematologists, is paramount for the optimal treatment of these patients with overlapping conditions.
Enhancing Diabetes Care in LMICs: Insights from a Multinational Consensus
Authors: Miranda Jose Carlos , Raza S. Abbas , Kolawole Babatope , Khan Jahanzeb Kamal , Alvi Atiba , Ali Fariha Sadiq , Chukwudi Ejim Emmanuel , Ram Nanik , Oluwatoyin Amira 
Published: October 2023

The International Cardio-Metabolic Forum held a plenary session to establish a multinational consensus on the challenges faced in diabetes management within lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) and their potential solutions. Stakeholders, including patients, family/caretakers, healthcare professionals, and healthcare policymakers & organizations, participated in discussions. The audience of 280 doctors from different countries (Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Myanmar, Georgia, Nigeria, Philippines, Uzbekistan, Iraq, Tanzania, Cambodia, Kazakhstan, South Sudan and Libya) was divided into 4 groups led by Group Leaders to represent each stakeholder group. Questionnaires addressing key challenges and solutions specific to each group were used to facilitate consensus development. Participants voted on relevant options based on their clinical experience. SLIDO software was used for polling, generating separate results for each group. The insights shared by healthcare professionals highlighted the importance of improving medication accessibility and cost-effectiveness for patients, emphasizing the need for adherence to treatment plans and lifestyle modifications. The significance of balanced nutrition with low glycemic index food for enhancing quality of life was recognized. Caregivers of diabetic patients with comorbidities face increasing demands for care, particularly in relation to age-related milestones. Healthcare professionals emphasized the challenges posed by cultural beliefs and health awareness, underscoring the importance of teamwork and early referral for managing comorbidities. Healthcare policymakers need to focus on disease education, awareness programs, screening guidelines, and advocacy for community and clinical screening. By addressing these challenges, a more comprehensive and effective approach to diabetes management can be achieved in LMICs, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with diabetes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.7.8881
How to cite this: Miranda JC, Raza SA, Kolawole B, Khan JK, Alvi A, Ali FS, et al . Enhancing Diabetes Care in LMICs: Insights from a Multinational Consensus. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(7):1899-1906. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.7.8881
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cortical auditory potentials and cognitive potentials in individuals with and without vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Kumar Kaushlendra , S Krishnapriya , Ebenezer Anupriya , Kalaiah Mohan Kumar , D Deviprasad 
Published: October 2023

Background: Among individuals with vestibular dysfunction, the loss of vestibular sensory information is found to alter cognitive abilities that coordinate spatial and non-spatial information. P300 is an event-related potential commonly used to assess cognitive processing. The aim of the present study was to compare the latency and amplitude of cortical auditory evoked potential and P300 between individuals with vestibular dysfunction and individuals with no vestibular dysfunction. Methods: Forty adults with a mean age of 40.5 ± 13.07 participated in the study. Group I included 20 adults diagnosed with vestibular dysfunction and group II included 20 age-matched adults with no vestibular dysfunction. The P300 was recorded from the electrode site Cz and Pz. It was elicited using pure-tones in odd-ball paradigm. The latency and amplitude of peaks P1, N1, P2, and N2 of the cortical auditory evoked potential and the P300 were measured. Results: Significant amplitude difference was observed in cortical potentials at Cz and Pz. The P300 was present only in 70% of individuals with vestibular dysfunction compared to 100% among individuals with no vestibular dysfunction. The mean amplitude of the P300 was slightly larger in group 1 compared to group 2 and the mean latency of the P300 was similar in both groups. However, the difference in amplitude of the P300 between groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Knowing the cognitive function of individuals with vestibular dysfunction enables planning vestibular rehabilitation therapy, which enhances the quality of life in these individuals by improving their vestibular and cognitive functions.