bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zhu H, Barber R, Shaw GM, Lammer EJ Finnell RH. 2003. Is Sonic hedgehog (SHH) a candidate gene for spina bifida? A pilot study. Am J Med Genet 117A:87–88.
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Barber Robert , Shaw Gary M. , Lammer Edward J. , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe original article to which this erratum refers was published in the American Journal of Medical Genetics (2003) 117A:87–88
Ethanol consumption and DRD2 gene TaqI a polymorphism among socially drinking males
Authors: Hallikainen Tero , Hietala J. , Kauhanen J. , Pohjalainen T. , Syvälahti E. , Salonen J.T. , Tiihonen J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe dopaminergic system in the human brain is thought to play a major role in the development of alcohol consumption habits and alcoholism. It has been reported that homozygous D2−/− knock‐out mice lacking D2 receptors consume about 50% to 60% less ethanol than wild‐type D2+/+ mice, and heterozygous mice have an intermediate level of alcohol consumption. The DRD2 gene TaqI A polymorphism has been suggested to associate with a low D2 receptor density in post mortem and in vivo measurements. Numerous association studies on this polymorphism and alcoholism have shown most controversial results. We studied whether DRD2 TaqI A genotype affects alcohol consumption in an ethnically homogenous, representative sample of 1,019 Finnish Caucasian males. After excluding the abstainers from the study, the self‐reported alcohol consumption among the remaining 884 non‐abstainers was compared in the TaqI A genotype groups (A1/A1, A1/A2, A2/A2). The alcohol consumption of the homozygous A1/A1 group was about 30% lower than in A1/A2 group, and 40% lower than in A2/A2 group (P = 0.042 and 0.041 in a sociodemographic variable‐adjusted multivariate model). The results indicate an association between DRD2 genotype and alcohol consumption habits in humans. These results in the large sample of non‐alcoholic males are also opposite to some previous findings on the higher A1 allele frequency among alcoholic populations. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Food fortification with folic acid and twinning among California infants
Authors: Shaw Gary M. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Nelson Verne , Selvin Steve , Schaffer Donna M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis study sought to determine whether a change in twinning prevalence was associated with mandatory folic acid fortification. As of January 1998, it became mandatory in the United States that grain products be fortified with folic acid. The effectiveness of this fortification for neural tube defects has been explored, but other possible implications of fortification has not. We computed the prevalence of twinning among more than 2.5 million California births occurring from 1990 to 1999. The prevalence of twin births in California increased over the last decade with increases observed among most maternal race/ethnic, age, and parity groupings. Unadjusted prevalence measures did not reveal substantial increases in twinning prevalence among these groupings after the fortification period relative to the period immediately preceding it. Analyses that simultaneously adjusted for age, parity, race/ethnicity, sexes of twin pair (as a measure of zygosity), year of birth, and fortification period also did not reveal an association between fortification and twinning. Our results do not suggest a change in twinning prevalence associated with folic acid fortification of the US food supply among women delivering in California. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent developments in bisdiborane chemistry: BCB, BCCB, BCCB and BCCB compounds
Authors: Dembitsky Valery M. , Abu Ali Hijazi , Srebnik Morris 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAn overview of the development of new strategies in organic synthesis with a minimum of chemical steps is becoming increasingly necessary for the efficient assembly of complex molecular structures. Therefore, the combination of multiple reactions in a single operation represents a particularly efficient approach. Among these strategies, the synthesis and reactivity of bisdiboranes has never been reviewed although its popularity for the synthesis of complex architectural molecules has been steadily increasing during the last decade. This review is intended to highlight the use of partly geminated boranes (BCB), and also bisdiborane reagents (BCCB, BCCB, BCCB). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of cationic base‐stabilized gallyleneiron complexes
Authors: Ueno Keiji , Watanabe Takahito , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAddition of 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) to an acetonitrile solution of dichlorogallyliron complex FpGaCl2 (1: Fp = (η‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2) afforded almost quantitatively a salt consisting of a cationic base‐stabilized gallylene complex [FpGaCl·bpy]+ ([3a]+) and an anionic complex [FpGaCl3]− ([4]−). Reaction of Fp′GaCl2 (Fp′ = Fp (1), Fp* (2); Fp* = (η‐C5Me5)Fe(CO)2) with NaBPh4 in the presence of a bidentate donor (Do2) gave [Fp′GaCl·Do2]BPh4 where Do2 was bpy or 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen). These cationic complexes may be useful precursors for the synthesis of gallyleneiron complexes with various substituents on the gallium atom. Indeed, reaction of [Fp*GaCl·phen]BPh4 ([5b]BPh4) with NaSpTol or Me3SiSpTol afforded the gallyleneiron complex [Fp*GaSpTol·phen]BPh4 ([6]BPh4), the first example of a gallium–transition metal complex having a thiolate group on the gallium atom. The molecular structures of [5b]BPh4 and [6]BPh4 were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2‐Triorgano‐silyl, ‐germyl, ‐stannyl and ‐plumbyl derivatives of 1,3‐diisopropyl‐benzo‐1,3,2‐diazaborolidine and related compounds and their reactions with (η2‐C2H4)Pt(PPh3)2
Authors: Habereder Tassilo , Nöth Heinrich 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA series of 1,3‐diisopropyl‐benzo‐1,3,2‐diazaborolidines 1–6 carrying ER3 substituents of Group 14 at the boron atom (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; R = Me, Ph) have been prepared. Their molecular structures have been determined. As expected, the BE bond length increases along this series. Moreover, the orientation of the isopropyl groups relative to the ER3 substituent is influenced by the steric demand of these substituents. The 11B NMR data show a deshielding of the boron nucleus as the atomic weight of E increases. Oxidative addition reactions with (η2‐C2H4)Pt(PPh3)2 were successful only for the bromo derivative 1 and the trimethylstannyl derivative 5a; they failed for the triphenylsilyl, triphenylgermyl and triphenylstannyl compounds, indicating that steric effects play an important role in the successful oxidative addition to boryl‐substituted bis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(II) complexes. The triphenylplumbyl derivative 6 reacted with (η2‐C2H4)Pt(PPh3)2 to give cis‐ and trans‐diphenyl‐bis(triphenylphosphane)platinum besides Ph(Ph3Pb)Pt(PPh3)2. Obviously, the PbC bond is more reactive than the PbB bond. Cis‐Platinum–boryl complexes were also obtained from (Me2N)2BSnMe3 and (Me2N)2BGeMe3 while the boranes tmpB(SnMe3)2 and iPr2NB(SnMe3)2 were unreactive. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation technique for wave generation
Authors: Aliabadi S. , Abedi J. , Zellars B. , Bota K. , Johnson A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new finite element technique for simulation of water waves impacting on floating structures. The emphasis will be on the numerical methods for water wave generation and propagation. In our approach, the governing equations are the Navier–Stokes equations written for two incompressible fluids. An interface function with two distinct values serves as a marker identifying the location of the free‐surface. This function is transported throughout the computational domain with a time‐dependent advection equation. The stabilized finite element formulations are written and integrated in an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian domain. This allows us to handle the motion of the physical boundaries, such as the wave generator surface by moving the computational nodes. In the mesh‐moving scheme, we assume that the computational domain is made of elastic materials. The linear elasticity equations are solved to obtain the displacements for each computational node. The numerical examples include 3D wave generation and wave breaking as they approach the coast, and the waves impacting on near‐shore support columns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameter optimization in the regularized Shannon's kernels of higher‐order discrete singular convolutions
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhao Yibao , Gu Yun 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe δ‐type discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm has recently been proposed and applied to solve kinds of partial differential equations (PDEs). With appropriate parameters, particularly the key parameter r in its regularized Shannon's kernel, the DSC algorithm can be more accurate than the pseudospectral method. However, it was previously selected empirically or under constrained inequalities without optimization. In this paper, we present a new energy‐minimization method to optimize r for higher‐order DSC algorithms. Objective functions are proposed for the DSC algorithm for numerical differentiators of any differential order with any discrete convolution width. Typical optimal parameters are also shown. The validity of the proposed method as well as the resulted optimal parameters have been verified by extensive examples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic staging of the developmental status of mouse embryos in utero
Authors: Chang Ching‐Pin , Chen Lei , Crabtree Gerald R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSummary: In mouse developmental studies it is frequently desirable to isolate embryos of a specific age. However, the traditional staging of embryonic development based on postcoital dates often erroneously predicts the embryonic age, resulting in unwarranted sacrifice of the pregnant mother. Here we report a noninvasive way of staging embryonic development in utero. A clinical 14 MHz ultrasound system was employed to assess the morphology and size of developing embryos from embryonic day 7.5 to 18.5. We demonstrate that the developmental age of the mouse embryos can be accurately determined based on the sonographic morphology and size of the embryos. This noninvasive ultrasound application requires no anesthesia of the mice and the entire process of staging can be completed within 5–10 min. Empirically, this approach is applicable to mice of various genetic backgrounds and significantly enhances the efficiency of studying murine embryogenesis. genesis 36:7–11, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paracrine action of FGF4 during periimplantation development maintains trophectoderm and primitive endoderm
Authors: Goldin Sarah N. , Papaioannou Virginia E. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSummary: FGF4, a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, is absolutely required for periimplantation mouse development, although its precise role at this stage remains unknown. The nature of the defect leading to postimplantation lethality of embryos lacking zygotic FGF4 is unclear and little is known about downstream targets of FGF4‐initiated signaling within the various cellular compartments of the blastocyst. Here we report that postimplantation lethality of Fgf4−/− embryos is unlikely to reflect strictly mitogenic requirements for FGF4. Rather, our results suggest that FGF4 is required to maintain trophectoderm and primitive endoderm identity at embryonic day 4.5. This result is consistent with the reported in vitro activity of FGF4 in maintaining trophoblast stem cells and with the requirement for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in primitive endoderm formation. Thus, postimplantation lethality of Fgf4−/− embryos likely results from the failure of proper differentiation and function of extraembryonic cell types. genesis 36:40–47, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tendon chitosan tubes covalently coupled with synthesized laminin peptides facilitate nerve regeneration in vivo
Authors: Suzuki Masumi , Itoh Soichiro , Yamaguchi Isamu , Takakuda Kazuo , Kobayashi Hisatoshi , Shinomiya Kenichi , Tanaka Junzo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe have developed tendon chitosan tubes having the ability to bind peptides covalently, and the effectiveness of laminin peptides coupled to these tubular wall on nerve regeneration was examined in vivo. Bridge graft implantation (15 mm) into the sciatic nerve of SD rats was carried out using chitosan tubes having a triangular cross section containing either covalently bound intact laminin or the laminin peptides CDPGYIGSR or CSRARKQAASIKVAVSAD or being nontreated (N = 20 in each group). As a control, isografting (N = 5) was carried out. Three rats in each experimental group were sacrificed for histology observations after 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The total area of regenerating tissue in the tube and the length of the area where regenerating tissue attached to the inner surface of the tube were measured. In five rats from each experimental and control group, the latency quotient between the implanted and the nontreated site was determined 12 weeks after implantation. Furthermore, the percentage of myelinated axon area was measured at a 10‐mm distance from the distal anastomosed site. Histological findings suggest that the immobilized laminin, confirmed by immunostaining as long as 12 weeks postoperatively, as well as laminin oligopeptides may effectively assist nerve tissue extension. According to statistical analysis of the percentage neural tissue found in relation to evoked action potentials, the sequential treatments with YIGSR first followed by IKVAV matched the effectiveness of intact laminin in enhancing nerve regeneration. However, when compared with that after isografting, the enhancement of regenerated axon growth was less sufficient. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EGF and NGF injected into the brain of old mice enhance BDNF and ChAT in proliferating subventricular zone
Authors: Tirassa Paola , Triaca Viviana , Amendola Tiziana , Fiore Marco , Aloe Luigi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe response of cells localized in the brain subventricular zone (SVZ) to growth factor stimulation has been largely described for development and adult life, whereas no information on their behavior during aging is available. To address the question of whether the cells in the SVZ of old mice respond to the intracerebroventricular administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), we studied the distribution of proliferating cells and the effects on ChAT and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis in forebrain and SVZ. It was found that the conjoint administration of EGF + NGF produced a major increase in ChAT expression in both forebrain and SVZ. The ChAT mRNA levels and the number of ChAT positive cells localized in the ventricular border and in the parenchyma of SVZ area were also increased significantly in the mice receiving EGF + NGF. Enhanced numbers of SVZ cells expressing proliferative markers were also discovered in EGF + NGF treated mice and some of these cells expressed cholinergic markers, as demonstrated by double immunostaining. In addition, EGF and NGF treatments significantly upregulate BDNF protein and mRNA levels in this brain region. The present study demonstrates that cells localized in SVZ of aged mouse brain retain the capacity to respond to EGF and NGF and that after stimulation with these two growth factors, the synthesis of ChAT and BDNF also increases. The implication that cells of the SVZ remain a reservoir of cholinergic and BDNF‐positive neurons in aged brain opens a new perspective for understanding the role of growth factors during neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theory of magnetoelectric multiconductor transmission lines with application to chiral and gyrotropic lines
Authors: Marqués Ricardo , Mesa Francisco , Medina Francisco 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a theory of multiconductor transmission lines that allows for dealing with possible magnetoelectric couplings between the basic circuit quantities: voltage, current, and the per‐unit‐length charge and flux linkage. The magnetoelectric coupling is accounted for by the introduction of two new characteristic matrices of the line, the so‐called charge and current memductance matrices. The proposed theory is suitable for the description of lines loaded with gyrotropic, bi(iso/aniso)tropic chiral, pseudochiral, and Tellegen media. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 3–9, 2003
Triple‐band GPS trap‐loaded inverted L antenna array
Authors: Rama Rao B. , Smolinski M. A. , Quach Cuong C. , Rosario E. N. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractModernization of the GPS system that is currently underway will require future GPS antennas to operate at three separate frequency bands centered around 1176 MHz (L5 band), 1227 MHz (L2 band), and 1575 MHz (L1 band). A compact, low‐profile, right‐hand circularly polarized (RHCP), four‐element antenna array of trap‐loaded inverted L elements, capable of providing good gain coverage at all three frequency bands over the required bandwidth, is described in this paper. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 35–37, 2003
Novel polarization‐insensitive wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer modules
Authors: Lu Ping , Ming‐Liu De , Chen Jun , Xiu‐Huang De , Xiang‐Wu Yue 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe report here in detail a polarization‐insensitive arrayed‐waveguide grating (AWG) with an all‐optical polarization state controller (AOPSC). Only the TE0 mode can exist in this device; the TM0 mode will be cutoff. An eight‐channel AWG using 100‐GHz channel spacing is designed. Through simulation, we found that no polarization dependence was measured in the wavelength response. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 42–44, 2003
A general perturbational approach for synthesizing the Riccati‐type nonuniform transmission lines with arbitrarily specified reflection properties
Authors: Park Eui Joon 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAn adaptive nonlinear inversion method based on the Riccati equation in the dispersive inverse‐scattering problem is presented for synthesizing both single and coupled nonuniform transmission lines (NTLs) with arbitrary lobe‐like backward responses. In this method, the specified responses of those lines are first shaped by an optimum perturbation of inherent null points in the electrical‐length domain, and then sampled to straightforwardly determine the corresponding modal impedance profiles, hence avoiding the step‐by‐step segmentation process and overall optimization routines that plague most inversion schemes supporting non‐TEM modes. Some transformers and filters with controlled responses are illustrated for generality. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 52–56, 2003
A genetic algorithm approach to the design of ultra‐thin electromagnetic bandgap absorbers
Authors: Kern D. J. , Werner D. H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA design methodology is presented for utilizing electromagnetic bandgap metamaterials, also known as artificial magnetic conductors, to realize ultra‐thin absorbers. One approach that has recently been proposed is to place a resistive sheet in close proximity to a frequency‐selective surface acting as an artificial magnetic conductor. However, we demonstrate in this paper that incorporating the loss directly into the frequency selective‐surface can eliminate the additional resistive sheet, thereby further reducing the overall thickness of the absorber. The geometrical structure and corresponding resistance of this lossy frequency‐selective surface is optimized by using a genetic algorithm to achieve the thinnest possible absorber. Two examples of genetically engineered electromagnetic bandgap metamaterial absorbers are presented and discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 61–64, 2003
A simple detection method of buried cylindrical targets applicable to landmines
Authors: Huynen I. , Steisel J. , Stockbroeckx B. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a contribution to the problem of detecting cylindrical targets. We first show that cylindrical targets embedded into lossy dielectric media, such as soil have natural resonant frequencies which can be calculated using simplified models. Next, we demonstrate that those resonant frequencies can be observed experimentally using an adequate field detector and could be used as the signature of the presence of landmines into lossy soils. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 80–83, 2003
A new report of mesomelic camptomelia, polydactyly and Dandy–Walker complex in siblings
Authors: Planas S. , Peiró R. , Rubio R. , Villanueva R. , Serés A. , Carreras R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTwo male siblings with several malformations are reported. The anomalies detected in both fetuses were mesomelic camptomelia, postaxial hexadactyly and Dandy–Walker complex. There was only one similar previous report in the literature. This combination could represent a specific pattern of malformation or a new syndrome, with different variants. The parents' consanguinity and the recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of de novo terminal deletion of chromosome 7q
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ping , Chern Schu‐Rern , Chang Tung‐Yao , Tzen Chin‐Yuan , Lee Chen‐Chi , Chen Wen‐Lin , Lee Meng‐Shan , Wang Wayseen 
Published: May 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo present the prenatal diagnosis and perinatal findings of a de novo terminal deletion of chromosome 7q.CaseAmniocentesis was performed at 21‐weeks gestation owing to a positive result of maternal serum multiple‐marker screening. The 30‐year‐old woman, gravida 2, para 1, had a maternal serum multiple‐marker screening test at 18‐weeks gestation. The risk of Down syndrome was 1/11 calculated from the gestational age, maternal age, a maternal serum α‐fetoprotein level of 1.026 multiples of the median (MOM), and a maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) level of 8.678 MoM. Cytogenetic analysis of the cultured amniotic fluid cells revealed a de novo terminal deletion of 7q, 46,XX,del(7)(q35). Ultrasonography showed intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, and tetralogy of Fallot. The pregnancy was terminated subsequently. Grossly, the placenta was normal. On autopsy, the proband additionally manifested a prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthus, upslanting palpebral fissures, a flat and broad nasal bridge, micrognathia, large low‐set ears, overriding toes, and a normal brain. Radiography demonstrated a normal spine. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated a 7q terminal deletion. Genetic marker analysis showed a maternally derived terminal deletion of chromosome 7(q35–qter).ConclusionFetuses with a de novo 7q terminal deletion may be associated with a markedly elevated maternal serum hCG level and abnormal sonographic findings of intrauterine growth restriction, microcephaly, and congenital heart defects in the second trimester. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.