bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes Involved in Sexual Conflict and Selection
Authors: Plesnar‐Bielak Agata 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Understanding genetic basis of traits involved in sexual selection and sexual conflict is key to understand the influence of these processes on the evolution. While we are still far from a detailed picture, some conclusions can be made based on current results in the field. Genetic architecture of sexually selected traits is usually quite complex as these traits are most often polygenic and involve pleiotropic effects. Moreover, sexually selected genes are also under ecological evolutionary pressures and subject to sexual conflict. Sexually selected genes, especially those involved in sexual conflict, often evolve sex‐biased expression. However, while this should relax sexual conflict, it might not resolve it completely. Male‐biased genes, involved in sexual selection on males tend to evolve relatively fast. It is not clear, though, if this pattern should be attributed to intense adaptive evolution of these genes or relaxed purifying selection acting on them.

Key Concepts

Sexual selection and conflict are widespread and are important drivers of various evolutionary processes.

How sexual selection and conflict impact evolutionary trajectories of populations depends on genetic architecture of sexually selected and conflict traits.

Investigating genetics of sexual selection and conflict is challenging, yet our understanding of it has currently increased.

Genetic bases of sexually selected traits in usually complex, with multiple loci involved.

Sexual selection is often associated with interlocus and/or intralocus sexual conflict.

The expression of sexual conflict and selection genes is often sexually dimorphic or even sex limited.

Sex‐biased expression limits intralocus sexual conflict.

Pleiotropic effects can contribute to maintenance of sexual conflict even if the traits are sex limited in expression.

Sexually selected traits seem to evolve faster, either due to strong positive selection or relaxed purifying selection.

Sex chromosomes are hotspots of sexual conflict genes.
Nationwide survey of patients with multisystem proteinopathy in Japan
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Takahashi Yuji , Hashimoto Jun , Murakami Ayuka , Nakamura Ryoichi , Katsuno Masahisa , Izumi Rumiko , Suzuki Naoki , Warita Hitoshi , Aoki Masashi ,   the Japan MSP Study Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveMultisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is an inherited disorder in which protein aggregates with TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa form in multiple organs. Mutations in VCP, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPA1, SQSTM1, MATR3, and ANXA11 are causative for MSP. This study aimed to conduct a nationwide epidemiological survey based on the diagnostic criteria established by the Japan MSP study group.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide epidemiological survey by administering primary and secondary questionnaires among 6235 specialists of the Japanese Society of Neurology.ResultsIn the primary survey, 47 patients with MSP were identified. In the secondary survey of 27 patients, inclusion body myopathy was the most common initial symptom (74.1%), followed by motor neuron disease (11.1%), frontotemporal dementia (FTD, 7.4%), and Paget's disease of bone (PDB, 7.4%), with no cases of parkinsonism. Inclusion body myopathy occurred most frequently during the entire course of the disease (81.5%), followed by motor neuron disease (25.9%), PDB (18.5%), FTD (14.8%), and parkinsonism (3.7%). Laboratory findings showed a high frequency of elevated serum creatine kinase levels and abnormalities on needle electromyography, muscle histology, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and perfusion single‐photon emission computed tomography.InterpretationThe low frequency of FTD and PDB may suggest that FTD and PDB may be widely underdiagnosed and undertreated in clinical practice.
Research on trajectory planning algorithm of manipulator based on visual servo
Authors: Wang Xuan , Yu Hua , Niu Shu , Li Shuai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the development and progress of society, not only substations, but also various industries are moving towards automation, intelligence, and unmanned direction. There is an increasing need for machinery to replace human activities. However, how to improve the ability of robotic arms to cope with various working environments and emergencies, and develop real‐time, high‐speed, and accurate trajectory planning algorithms has become a hot topic of discussion.PurposeIn order to develop a reasonable trajectory planning algorithm for robotic arms, this article studies the trajectory planning algorithm of robotic arms based on visual servoing, in order to improve the trajectory operation ability of robotic arms.MethodThe feasibility of the algorithm was tested through experiments.ResultsIt was found that the angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration curves of both the second and fifth sixth joints of the robotic arm were very smooth, and there were no problems such as faults.ConclusionThis confirms the effectiveness of the algorithm's operation, which can assist the robotic arm in safe, accurate, and efficient operations on the basis of visual servoing.
Rapidly Gelling, Highly Adhesive, and Mechanically Robust Ionogels for Stretchable and Wireless Electronics
Authors: Ge Gang , Zhang Yizhou , Xiao Xiao , Gong Yanting , Liu Chang , Lyu Chenyi , Ong Wei Li , Ho Ghim Wei , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStretchable devices function at the biology/electrode interface, depending on the excellent conformality between electronic components and nonplanar surfaces. Various polymeric architecture‐based sensing platforms have been extensively explored for physiological signal readout, however, poor interfacial adhesion coupled with low mechanical characteristics lead to easy interfacial debonding. Herein, a novel adhesive capable of rapid gelation, strong adhesion, and high toughness, achieved through a polymerization‐induced phase‐separation strategy is reported. In this design, the cosolvent and polar polymer serve as amorphous and crystalline domains, respectively, with mechanical performances readily modulable by altering the formulation, ultimately reach toughness on par with elastomers. Remarkably, the adhesive undergoes a rapid sol–gel transition within several seconds, displaying strong adhesion, and high interfacial toughness on diverse substrates. Capitalizing on its enduring adhesion to wet tissues, a wearable electronic device capable of real‐time sweat monitoring during exercise is developed. To showcase its practical application, a portable and battery‐free sensing system is designed to further demonstrate various vertebral postures, aiding the regulation of physiological activities. This study not only pioneers the preparation of novel adhesives with excellent adhesion and high toughness but also paves the way for wearable devices in the era of Internet‐of‐Things.
Co‐Prime Modulation for Space‐Time‐Coding Digital Metasurfaces with Ultralow‐Scattering Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Zhuo Ran , Chen Xiao Qing , Zheng Yi Ning , Liu Shuo , Galdi Vincenzo , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMulti‐dimensional modulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves is critical in various fields such as electronic and photonic systems. Space‐time‐coding (STC) digital metasurfaces, an innovative platform for programmable metasurfaces, offer a straightforward and robust solution for spatio‐temporal modulation, thereby enabling EM‐wave manipulations in both space and frequency. Conventional STC schemes rely on periodic temporal modulations that are uniform in space (i.e., with same modulation frequency in all metasurface elements), and therefore do not take advantage of spatio‐temporal coupling effects that can be induced by non‐uniform periodic modulations (i.e., with different modulation frequencies across the metasurface elements). Here, a novel approach involving non‐uniform spatio‐temporal modulation, alongside co‐prime modulation, is introduced. This approach enhances the fundamental principles of STC digital metasurfaces and facilitates the synthesis of angular scattering responses across different frequencies, guided by harmonic coupling conditions. The proposed strategy results in a more even distribution of the scattered intensity in both space and frequency. For validation, an experimental proof‐of‐principle for spatial‐spectral diffuse scattering is presented. The experimental outcomes align closely with theoretical predictions, underscoring the effectiveness of co‐prime modulation in achieving ultralow‐scattering characteristics in STC digital metasurfaces. Moreover, this technique holds promise for applications in secure wireless communications, radar jamming, and complex beamforming.
Surface Reconstruction of Co‐based Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Activity in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Han Sanghwi , Park Jungwon , Yoon Jeyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of utmost importance for green hydrogen production via anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). Herein, it is presented that a straightforward surface reconstruction strategy for preparing a robust Co‐based OER catalyst with increased mass transfer activity while preserving the active CoOOH phase during the OER. This strategy comprises electrochemical oxidation of electrodeposited Co‐based catalysts prior to heat treatment, allowing for the meticulous control of the oxidation potential to optimize the OER activity. The optimized catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 32.7 mV dec−1 under half‐cell conditions. In an AEMWE single‐cell system, it shows a current density of 1590 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V and 60 °C and demonstrates a degradation rate of 0.2 mV h−1 during 1000 h of operation at 500 mA cm−2. This study not only provides a simple yet potent strategy to enhance the OER activity but also offers insights regarding the factors enhancing the OER performance.
Nanomedicine Targeting Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells Enhances Anti‐Tumor Immunity
Authors: Yang En‐Li , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy, a field within immunology that aims to enhance the host's anti‐cancer immune response, frequently encounters challenges associated with suboptimal response rates. The presence of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), crucial constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), exacerbates this issue by fostering immunosuppression and impeding T cell differentiation and maturation. Consequently, targeting MDSCs has emerged as crucial for immunotherapy aimed at enhancing anti‐tumor responses. The development of nanomedicines specifically designed to target MDSCs aims to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy by transforming immunosuppressive tumors into ones more responsive to immune intervention. This review provides a detailed overview of MDSCs in the TME and current strategies targeting these cells. Also the benefits of nanoparticle‐assisted drug delivery systems, including design flexibility, efficient drug loading, and protection against enzymatic degradation, are highlighted. It summarizes advances in nanomedicine targeting MDSCs, covering enhanced treatment efficacy, safety, and modulation of the TME, laying the groundwork for more potent cancer immunotherapy.
Solid Additive Dual‐Regulates Spectral Response Enabling High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Xiaopeng , Yang Yinuo , Yu Jifa , Liu Chunhui , Li Xiaoming , Jee Min Hun , Gao Jiaxin , Chen Lingyu , Tang Zheng , Woo Han Young , Lu Guanghao , Sun Yanming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSemi‐transparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) possess significant potential for applications in vehicles and buildings due to their distinctive visual transparency. Conventional device engineering strategies are typically used to optimize photon selection and utilization at the expense of power conversion efficiency (PCE); moreover, the fixed spectral utilization range always imposes an unsatisfactory upper limit to its light utilization efficiency (LUE). Herein, a novel solid additive named 1,3‐diphenoxybenzene (DB) is employed to dual‐regulate donor/acceptor molecular aggregation and crystallinity, which effectively broadens the spectral response of ST‐OSCs in near‐infrared region. Besides, more visible light is allowed to pass through the devices, which enables ST‐OSCs to possess satisfactory photocurrent and high average visible transmittance (AVT) simultaneously. Consequently, the optimal ST‐OSC based on PP2+DB/BTP‐eC9+DB achieves a superior LUE of 4.77%, representing the highest value within AVT range of 40–50%, which also correlates with the formation of multi‐scale phase‐separated morphology. Such results indicate that the ST‐OSCs can simultaneously meet the requirements for minimum commercial efficiency and plant photosynthesis when integrated with the roofs of agricultural greenhouses. This work emphasizes the significance of additives to tune the spectral response in ST‐OSCs, and charts the way for organic photovoltaics in economically sustainable agricultural development.
Magnetic Skyrmions above Room Temperature in a van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhang Senfu , Hao Hongyuan , Algaidi Hanin , Ma Yinchang , Zhang Xi‐Xiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic crystals are a promising platform for innovative spintronic devices based on magnetic skyrmions, thanks to their high flexibility and atomic thickness stability. However, room‐temperature skyrmion‐hosting vdW materials are scarce, which poses a challenge for practical applications. In this study, a chemical vapor transport (CVT) approach is employed to synthesize Fe3GaTe2 crystals and room‐temperature Néel skyrmions are observed in Fe3GaTe2 nanoflakes above 58 nm in thickness through in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (L‐TEM). Upon an optimized field cooling procedure, zero‐field hexagonal skyrmion lattices are successfully generated in nanoflakes with an extended thickness range (30–180 nm). Significantly, these skyrmion lattices remain stable up to 355 K, setting a new record for the highest temperature at which skyrmions can be hosted. The research establishes Fe3GaTe2 as an emerging above‐room‐temperature skyrmion‐hosting vdW material, holding great promise for future spintronics.
Graphene and MOF Assembly: Enhanced Fabrication and Functional Derivative via MOF Amorphization
Authors: Lin Zeheng , Han Zhaojun , O'Connell George E. P. , Wan Tao , Zhang Ding , Ma Zhipeng , Chu Dewei , Lu Xunyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe integration of graphene and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has numerous implications across various domains, but fabricating such assemblies is often complicated and time‐consuming. Herein, a one‐step preparation of graphene‐MOF assembly is presented by directly impregnating vertical graphene (VG) arrays into the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursors under ambient conditions. This approach can effectively assemble multiple ZIFs, including ZIF‐7, ZIF‐8, and ZIF‐67, resulting in their uniform dispersion on the VG with adjustable sizes and shapes. Hydrogen defects on the VG surface are critical in inducing such high‐efficiency ZIF assembly, acting as the reactive sites to interact with the ZIF precursors and facilitate their crystallisation. The versatility of VG‐ZIF‐67 assembly is further demonstrated by exploring the process of MOF amorphization. Surprisingly, this process leads to an amorphous thin‐film coating formed on VG (named VG‐IL‐amZIF‐67), which preserves the short‐range molecular bonds of crystalline ZIF‐67 while sacrificing the long‐range order. Such a unique film‐on‐graphene architecture maintains the essential characteristics and functionalities of ZIF‐67 within a disordered arrangement, making it well‐suited for electrocatalysis. In electrochemical oxygen reduction, VG‐IL‐amZIF‐67 exhibits exceptional activity, selectivity, and stability to produce H2O2 in acid media.
Understanding the Dynamic Aggregation in Single‐Atom Catalysis
Authors: Liu Laihao , Chen Tiankai , Chen Zhongxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe dynamic response of single‐atom catalysts to a reactive environment is an increasingly significant topic for understanding the reaction mechanism at the molecular level. In particular, single atoms may experience dynamic aggregation into clusters or nanoparticles driven by thermodynamic or kinetic factors. Herein, the inherent mechanistic nuances that determine the dynamic profile during the reaction will be uncovered, including the intrinsic stability and site‐migration barrier of single atoms, external stimuli (temperature, voltage, and adsorbates), and the influence of catalyst support. Such dynamic aggregation can be beneficial or deleterious on the catalytic performance depending on the optimal initial state. Those examples will be highlighted where in situ formed clusters, rather than single atoms, serve as catalytically active sites for improved catalytic performance. This is followed by the introduction of operando techniques to understand the structural evolution. Finally, the emerging strategies via confinement and defect‐engineering to regulate dynamic aggregation will be briefly discussed.
The Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride as the Reinforcing Phase of Polymer‐Based Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma Yuhan , Wu Jiaxin , Xie Haonan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yiming , Liu Enzuo , Zhao Naiqin , He Chunnian , Wong Andrew Barnabas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPowdery hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), as an important material for electrochemical energy storage, has been typically synthesized in bulk and one/two‐dimensional (1/2D) nanostructured morphologies. However, until now, no method has been developed to synthesize powdery three‐dimensional (3D) h‐BN. This work introduces a novel NaCl‐glucose‐assisted strategy to synthesize micron‐sized 3D h‐BN with a honeycomb‐like structure and its proposed formation mechanism. We propose that NaCl acts as the template of 3D structure and promotes the nitridation reaction by adsorbing NH3. Glucose facilitates the homogeneous coating of boric acid onto the NaCl surface via functionalizing the NaCl surface. During the nitridation reaction, boron oxides (BO4 and BO3) form from a dehydration reaction of boric acid, which is then reduced to O2‐B‐N and O‐B‐N2 intermediates before finally being reduced to BN3 by NH3. When incorporated into polyethylene oxide‐based electrolytes for Li metal batteries, 5 wt % of 3D h‐BN significantly enhances ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. Consequently, this composite electrolyte demonstrates superior electrochemical stability. It delivers 300 h of stable cycles in the Li//Li cell at 0.1 mA cm−2 and retains 89 % of discharge capacity (138.9 mAh g−1) after 100 cycles at 1 C in the LFP//Li full cell.
Artificial LiF‐Rich Interface Enabled by In situ Electrochemical Fluorination for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jian Hu Xun , Ping Zheng Yi , Wei Li Zhi , Xia Chenfeng , Chua Daniel H. C. , Hu Xin , Liu Ting , Bin Liu Xian , Ping Wu Zi , Yu Xia Bao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLithium (Li)‐metal batteries are promising next‐generation energy storage systems. One drawback of uncontrollable electrolyte degradation is the ability to form a fragile and nonuniform solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this study, we propose the use of a fluorinated carbon nanotube (CNT) macrofilm (CMF) on Li metal as a hybrid anode, which can regulate the redox state at the anode/electrolyte interface. Due to the favorable reaction energy between the plated Li and fluorinated CNTs, the metal can be fluorinated directly to a LiF‐rich SEI during the charging process, leading to a high Young's modulus (~2.0 GPa) and fast ionic transfer (~2.59×10−7 S cm−1). The obtained SEI can guide the homogeneous plating/stripping of Li during electrochemical processes while suppressing dendrite growth. In particular, the hybrid of endowed full cells with substantially enhanced cyclability allows for high capacity retention (~99.3 %) and remarkable rate capacity. This work can extend fluorination technology into a platform to control artificial SEI formation in Li‐metal batteries, increasing the stability and long‐term performance of the resulting material.
Dynamically Ion‐Coordinated Bipolar Organodichalcogenide Cathodes Enabling High‐Energy and Durable Aqueous Zn Batteries
Authors: Yan Jianping , Wang Bo , Tang Yongchao , Du Wencheng , Ye Minghui , Zhang Yufei , Wen Zhipeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBipolar organic cathode materials (OCMs) implementing cation/anion storage mechanisms are promising for high‐energy aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs). However, conventional organic functional group active sites in OCMs usually fail to sufficiently unlock the high‐voltage/capacity merits. Herein, we initially report dynamically ion‐coordinated bipolar OCMs as cathodes with chalcogen active sites to solve this issue. Unlike conventional organic functional groups, chalcogens bonded with conjugated group undergo multielectron‐involved positive‐valence oxidation and negative‐valence reduction, affording higher redox potentials and reversible capacities. With phenyl diselenide (PhSe‐SePh, PDSe) as a proof of concept, it exhibits a conversion pathway from (PhSe)− to (PhSe‐SePh)0 and then to (PhSe)+ as unveiled by characterization and theoretical simulation, where the diselenide bonds are periodically broken and healed, dynamically coordinating with ions (Zn2+ and OTF−). When confined into ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK‐3), the dissolution of PDSe intermediates is greatly inhibited to obtain an ultralong lifespan without voltage/capacity compromise. The PDSe/CMK‐3 || Zn batteries display high reversibility capacity (621.4 mAh gPDSe−1), distinct discharge plateau (up to 1.4 V), high energy density (578.3 Wh kgPDSe−1), and ultralong lifespan (12 000 cycles) at 10 A g−1, far outperforming conventional bipolar OCMs. This work sheds new light on conversion‐type active site engineering for high‐voltage/capacity bipolar OCMs towards high‐energy AZBs.
Resale regulations in online marketplaces during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hirose Yohsuke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, masks and alcohol sanitizers were hoarded and resold in online markets. In Japan, restrictions were imposed on such resale. This paper examines changes in the behavior of economic agents and their surplus before and after the resale restrictions in the online market. We collected data on the auctions and fixed‐price sales of anhydrous ethanol before and after the resale regulation. Using these estimated parameters, we evaluated the changes in the surpluses per transaction. We found that, on average, the regulation reduced the consumer surplus and the producer surplus by about JPY 160 and JPY 1500, respectively.