bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing global ecosystem respiration between 1982 and 2015 from Earth observation‐based modelling
Authors: Tagesson Torbern , Kelly Julia , Schurgers Guy , Tian Feng , Ardö Jonas , Horion Stephanie , Ahlström Anders , Olin Stefan , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimEarth observation‐based estimates of land–atmosphere exchange of carbon are essential for understanding the response of the terrestrial biosphere to climatic change and other anthropogenic forcing. Temperature, soil water content and gross primary production are the main drivers of ecosystem respiration (Reco), and the main aims of this study are to develop an Reco model driven by long‐term global‐scale Earth observations and to study Reco spatiotemporal dynamics 1982–2015.LocationGlobal scale.Time Period1982–2015.Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial ecosystems.MethodsWe parameterized and applied a global Reco model for 1982–2015 using novel Earth observation‐based data. We studied the relationships between Reco measured at field sites globally and land surface temperature, gross primary production and soil water content. Trends 1982–2015 were quantified, and the contributions from terrestrial regions to the spatiotemporal variability were evaluated.ResultsThe Reco model (LGS‐Reco) captured the between‐site and intra‐ and interannual variability in field‐observed Reco and soil respiration well in comparison with other Earth observation‐based products. The global annual Reco was on average 105.6 ± 2.3 Pg C for 1982–2015, which is close to 105 Pg C according to residuals of the carbon exchange processes within the global carbon budgets. The trend in global terrestrial Reco 1982–2015 was 0.19 ± 0.02 Pg C y−1, with the strongest positive trends found in cropland areas, whereas negative trends were primarily observed for savannah/shrublands of Southern Africa and South America. Trends were especially strong during the eighties and nineties, but substantially smaller 1998–2015.Main ConclusionsThe LGS‐Reco model revealed a substantial increase in global Reco during recent decades. However, the growth rates of global Reco were slower during 1998–2015, partially explaining the reduced growth rates of atmospheric CO2 during this period. The LGR‐Reco product may be an essential source for studying carbon sources and sinks and functioning of the Earth system.
Promoting ‘testicular awareness’: Co‐design of an inclusive campaign using the World Café Methodology
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , Shetty Varsha N. , McCarthy Megan , Davoren Martin P. , Flynn Angela , Kirby Ann , Robertson Steve , Shorter Gillian W. , Murphy David , Rovito Michael J. , Shiely Frances , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionTesticular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 15–44 years in many countries. Most men with testicular cancer present with a lump. Testicular symptoms are more likely to occur secondary to benign diseases like epididymo‐orchitis, a common sexually transmitted infection. Gender and sexual minorities are at an increased risk of testicular diseases and health disparities. The aim of this study was to co‐design an inclusive community‐based campaign to promote testicular awareness.MethodsThis study uses the World Café methodology. Participation was sought from Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ friendly organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers. Participants engaged in three rounds of conversations to co‐design the campaign. Data were collected using drawing sheets, artefact cards, sticky notes, coloured markers and a voice recorder. Deductive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsSeventeen individuals participated in the study. Six themes emerged from the analysis as follows: (i) online communication; (ii) offline communication; (iii) behavioural targeting and education; (iv) campaign frequency and reach; (v) demographic segmentation; and (vi) campaign identity. The use of social media for campaign delivery featured strongly in all conversations. Participants also recommended offline communication using posters and radio/television advertisements to scale up the campaign and achieve wider reach. Advertisements to overcome embarrassment surrounding testicular health were particularly recommended. Participants emphasised that campaign delivery must be dynamic whilst ensuring that the health‐promoting messages are not diluted or lost. They stressed the importance of being inclusive and tailoring the campaign to different age groups, gender identities and sexual orientations.ConclusionsStudy recommendations will be used to design and deliver the campaign. Future research will be needed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, cost and effect of the campaign on promoting testicular awareness and early detection of testicular diseases.Patient or Public ContributionA participatory research approach was used to co‐design the campaign with members of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ (LGBTQ+) friendly organisations, LGBTQ+ student bodies, LGBTQ+ staff networks, LGBTQ+ sports clubs, men's health organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers.
The direct experimental observation and solidification mechanism of heavy metals in blast furnace slag glass‐ceramics
Authors: Guo Yuhang , Du Yongsheng , Wang Guangyu , Xu Yuanjun , Zhang Hongxia , Deng Leibo , Chen Hua , Zhao Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlass‐ceramics with high performance and high crystallinity was produced using rare earth blast furnace slag (REBFS) as the primary raw material, along with composite nucleating agents Fe2O3 and Cr2O3. The migration pattern, distribution characteristics, and solidification properties of heavy metals in glass‐ceramics were investigated by the controlled heat treatment. The findings indicated that the heat treatment temperature has a significant effect on the distribution and color of heavy metals in glass‐ceramic. In the crystallized glass‐ceramic, spinel acts as the crystal core for heavy metal solidification, Cr, Cu, and Mn can exist stably in the spinel by the solid solution. The glass‐ceramic was expected to be used as a decorative building material.
If you look at the table…: Directives in conference presentations and university lectures
Authors: Fernández Polo Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates differences in the characteristic form, frequency and role of directives in two spoken academic genres, conference presentations and university lectures. The study also reports the existence of differences between English native and non‐native speakers in the way they use directives at conferences. Data consist of a self‐compiled corpus of conference talks and a comparable corpus of lectures from the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE). Results show that, comparatively, directives in lectures are stronger and less mitigated than in conference presentations. Conference speakers in our study make the intrinsic imposition in directives more palatable for the peer audience by using milder directive forms, deploying indirectness and stressing communal membership. Non‐native speakers' directives show interesting similarities with those in lectures, a possible sign of overlapping or confusion of two major genres in the “overpopulated” generic world of academics. Findings on conference presentations and lectures are also compared with existing evidence on directives in written research articles: some characteristic roles of directives in writing are irrelevant in speech, while others, e.g. integrating visuals in the presentation and reactivating background and previously constructed content, are central to the spoken genres but irrelevant to writing.
Building bridges of various sorts: Old and new migrant transnationalism among Uruguayans in Spain
Authors: Margheritis Ana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study explores emigrants' motivations to form associations, their activities and engagement with home politics, and whether diaspora policies impinge on their practices. It focuses on Uruguayans abroad, who are a relevant case of migrant transnationalism. Building upon qualitative methods, it investigates their associational life in a main destination: Spain. The findings contribute to expand our knowledge of a relatively less studied diaspora, document associations' transnational activities and evolution and revisit debates on the dynamics of diaspora politics and transnational engagements with home/host politics, which in this case remain intermittent and fragmented, albeit intense and highly localized. The notion of building bridges of various sorts emerges as a signifier that gives meaning to individual and collective engagements. This opens new research venues and contributes to analytical refinement as to incorporate migrant transnational practices that are not neatly patterned, sustained in time and simultaneously identifiable in host and home contexts.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous micro‐drainage tube irrigation combined with high negative pressure tube drainage versus debridement with closed suction irrigation for treating deep surgical site infection after spinal surgery
Authors: Cao Le , Zeng Ran , Sun Kai , Fan Haitao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is difficult to avoid deep surgical site infection after spinal surgery. Debridement combined with closed suction irrigation (CSI) and other treatment methods lead to greater trauma and lower satisfaction. We developed a new method for the treatment of SSI, which has the advantages of less invasiveness and lower cost. The cohort of this retrospective study comprised 26 patients with SSI after undergoing spinal surgery in our hospital from August 2017 to March 2022. The patients were divided into CSI and microtube drainage group according to treatment methods. The durations of antibiotic use and hospital stay, hospitalization costs, and functional scores during follow‐up were compared between the two groups. The only baseline characteristic that differed between the two groups was sex. Infection was controlled in both groups and there were no recurrences during follow‐up. However, the length of hospital stay after the first operation and the total length of stay were significantly greater in the CSI group. Hospitalization costs and antibiotic costs were significantly higher in the CSI group. Additionally, the duration of intravenous antibiotic use was significantly longer in the CSI group. Both the CSI and microtube drainage groups had significantly improved of Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) scores 6 months postoperatively. However, 3 months postoperatively, SF‐36 scores were significantly lower in the CSI group. Compared with debridement followed by CSI, percutaneous micro‐drainage tube irrigation combined with high negative pressure tube drainage is a more efficient and economical means of treating SSI after spinal surgery.
Single‐cell DNA from West Greenland marine sediments suggests presence of Protoperidinium tricingulatum in the Arctic
Authors: Luostarinen Tiia , Ribeiro Sofia , Zimmermann Heike H. , Kvorning Anna B. , Heikkilä Maija 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpiny brown dinoflagellate cysts are commonly used as sea‐ice indicators in the Arctic, but their biological affinities are not well known. We present the first indication of hitherto temperate Protoperidinium tricingulatum in the Arctic based on single‐cell LSU rDNA sequencing from sediments of the Disko Bay‐Vaigat Sound, West Greenland. The morphological similarity of the sequenced cyst morphotype to the sea‐ice indicator Islandinium? cezare morphotype 1 is striking. The morphology of the isolated cysts, as well as those observed in the total cyst assemblage following standard palynological preparation, both resemble either I.? cezare morphotype 1 or P. tricingulatum, suggesting that the specimens may in fact be close morphological variants of the same species. In addition, nine LSU rDNA sequences were obtained from morphological variants assigned to Islandinium minutum s.l.: including both subspecies minutum and subspecies barbatum. The two subspecies could not be differentiated based on partial LSU rDNA sequencing. Overall, Arctic spiny brown dinoflagellate cyst species may be morphologically more diverse and taxonomically more complex than shown earlier and further genetic and morphological studies are needed. Importantly, the value of cysts as palaeoecological indicators depends on a sound understanding of their biological affinity and taxonomy.
Does environmental investment pay off?—portfolio analyses of the E in ESG during political conflicts and public health crises
Authors: Shen Jiancheng , Chen Chen , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the contribution of environmental investment on firm value during the Russia‐Ukraine War and Global Public Health Crisis. Using media‐based environmental scores, we investigate the performance of the emission‐reduction‐based and green‐innovation‐based portfolios. The results indicate that while engaging in environmental activities decreases firm value during the noncrisis time, it creates value when companies face market‐wide crises. Our findings suggest that environmental investment serves as a risk‐hedging vehicle for political and health crises. In addition, compared to corporate ESG disclosures, firm‐level media‐based environmental scores mitigate the endogeneity between a company's ESG disclosure policies and its firm characteristics.
Board structure and market performance: Does one solution fit all?
Authors: Petrova Milena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between internal corporate governance and market performance across multiple countries, utilizing a comprehensive data set comprising 77,440 firm observations from 15 European Union countries over the period 2002‐2018. Specifically, we examine the impact of board characteristics, including size, independence, gender diversity, CEO duality, and classified boards, on market performance. Our findings reveal that CEO duality is generally negatively related to returns, whereas independent directors and board diversity are positively related to market performance. We observe a positive association between staggered boards and market performance as well as Tobin's Q, aligning with the EU's emphasis on stakeholder investments. Upon analyzing the data at the country level, we identify that the links between board structure and performance vary by country, and there isn't a single variable that is consistently related to market returns or Tobin's Q. These divergent findings indicate that there is no universally applicable corporate governance solution that can be recommended for companies throughout Europe.
A critical review of the use of cognitive ability testing for selection into graduate and higher professional occupations
Authors: Woods Stephen A. , Patterson Fiona 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article presents a critical review of the use of cognitive ability testing for access to graduate and higher professional occupations to promote further debate and reflection in both the academic and practitioner community. The main contentions are that the practice of applying cognitive ability testing in these contexts has strong potential to both maintain and exacerbate social inequality in access to higher occupations and professions, and that validity evidence does not justify this to the extent that has previously been presumed. Five critical observations are examined, namely (1) evidence of adverse impact in test outcomes; (2) the tendency to position cognitive ability testing early in selection processes in high‐volume recruitment; (3) recent evidence challenging the meta‐analytic validity of cognitive ability tests; (4) weaknesses in historical primary validity studies; (5) conceptually flawed examination of differential validity evidence in the literature. Implications for practice are discussed, contrasting strategies that involve modifying selection systems that include cognitive testing, versus removing and replacing cognitive tests.
ATG7‐mediated autophagy protects human gingival myofibroblasts from irradiation‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Zhuang Xiumei , Lin Xiaoxuan , Xu Ruogu , Zhang Zhengchuan , Zhou Bin , Deng Feilong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundApoptosis resistance of myofibroblasts is critical in pathology of irradiation‐induced fibrosis and osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ). However, molecular mechanism of apoptosis resistance induced by irradiation in oral myofibroblasts remains largely obscure.MethodsMatched ORNJ fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts pairs from gingival were primarily cultured, and myofibroblast markers of α‐SMA and FAP were evaluated by qRT‐PCR and western blot. CCK8 assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate the cell viability and apoptosis under irradiation treatment. Autophagy‐related protein LC3 and ATG7, and punctate distribution of LC3 localization were further detected. After inhibition of autophagy with inhibitor CQ and 3‐MA, as well as transfected ATG7‐siRNA, cell viability and apoptosis of ORNJ and normal fibroblasts were further assessed.ResultsCompared with normal fibroblasts, ORNJ fibroblasts exhibited significantly higher α‐SMA and FAP expression, increased cell, viability and decreased apoptosis under irradiation treatment. LC3‐II and ATG7 were up‐regulated in ORNJ fibroblasts with irradiation stimulation. After inhibition of irradiation‐induced autophagic flux with lysosome inhibitor CQ, LC3‐II protein was accumulated and punctate distribution of LC3 localization was increased in ORNJ fibroblasts. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor CQ and 3‐MA enhanced the irradiation‐induced apoptosis but inhibited viability of ORNJ fibroblasts. Silencing ATG7 with siRNA could obviously weaken irradiation‐induced LC3‐II expression, and promoted irradiation‐induced apoptosis of ORNJ fibroblasts. After knockdown of ATG7, finally, p‐AKT(Ser473) and p‐mTOR(Ser2448) levels of ORNJ fibroblasts were significantly increased under irradiation.ConclusionCompared with normal fibroblasts, human gingival myofibroblasts are resistant to irradiation‐induced apoptosis via autophagy activation. Silencing ATG7 may evidently inhibit activation of autophagy, and promote apoptosis of gingival myofibroblasts via Akt/mTOR pathway.
Resolving the taxonomy of thePolysiphonia scopulorumcomplex and theBryocladialineage (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Díaz‐Tapia Pilar , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCryptic diversity is common among marine macroalgae, with molecular tools leading to the discovery of many new species. To assign names to these morphologically similar species, the type and synonyms have to be examined, and if appropriate, new species must be described. The turf‐forming red algaPolysiphonia scopulorumwas originally described from Rottnest Island, Australia, and subsequently widely reported in tropical and temperate coasts based on morphological identifications. A recent study of molecular species delineation revealed a complex of 12 species in Australia, South Africa, and Europe. These species are placed in a taxonomically unresolved lineage of the tribe Polysiphonieae. The aim of this study was to resolve the genus‐ and species‐level taxonomy of this complex and related species using molecular and morphological information. Three morphologically indistinguishable species of the complex were found at the type locality ofP. scopulorum, preventing a straightforward assignment of the name to any of the molecular lineages. Therefore, we propose a molecularly characterized epitype.Polysiphonia caespitosais reinstated for the only species found in its type locality in South Africa. We describe seven new species. Only one species of the complex can be morphologically recognized, with the other eight species indistinguishable based on morphometric analysis. The studied complex, together with another seven species currently placed inPolysiphoniaand twoBryocladiaspecies, formed a clade distinct fromPolysiphoniasensu stricto. Based on observations ofBryocladia cervicornis(the generitype), we describe our seven new species in the genusBryocladiaand transfer another nine species fromPolysiphoniatoBryocladia.
Changes in human sweat metabolome conditioned by severity of obstructive sleep apnea and intermittent hypoxemia
Authors: Castillo‐Peinado Laura S. , Calderón‐Santiago Mónica , Jurado‐Gámez Bernabé , Priego‐Capote Feliciano 
Published: October 2023

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder that has been associated with the incidence of other pathologies. Diagnosis is mainly based on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) obviating other repercussions such as intermittent hypoxemia, which has been found to be associated to cardiovascular complications. Blood‐based samples and urine have been the most utilised biofluids in metabolomics studies related to OSA, while sweat could be an alternative due to its non‐invasive and accessible sampling, its reduced complexity, and comparability with other biofluids. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate metabolic overnight changes in sweat collected from patients with OSA classified according to the AHI and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), looking for potential cardiovascular repercussions. Pre‐ and post‐sleeping sweat samples from all individuals (n = 61) were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry after appropriate sample preparation to detect as many metabolites as possible. Permanent significant alterations in the sweat were reported for pyruvate, serine, lactose, and hydroxybutyrate. The most relevant overnight metabolic alterations in sweat were reported for lactose, succinate, urea, and oxoproline, which presented significantly different effects on factors such as the AHI and ODI for OSA severity classification. Overall metabolic alterations mainly affected energy production‐related processes, nitrogen metabolism, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the applicability of sweat for evaluation of OSA diagnosis and severity supported by the detected metabolic changes during sleep.
Identifying the pathophysiological traits of obstructive sleep apnea during dexmedetomidine sedation
Authors: Li Chunbo , Ma Renqiang , Wu Xingmei , Wang Dan , Chen Lin , Huang Zixuan , Ji Ding , Wen Weiping , Wu Yan 
Published: October 2023

SummaryDexmedetomidine (DEX) has been described as a safe sedative in clinical practice, but its effects on the pathophysiological traits of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are unclear. We estimated the effects of DEX sedation on the four key pathophysiological traits of OSA (pharyngeal collapsibility, dilator muscle function, arousal threshold, and loop gain) in adult patients with OSA by conducting a secondary analysis of a prospective diagnostic trial. Pathophysiological traits estimated from polysomnography and the respiratory parameters under natural sleep and DEX‐induced sleep were compared. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between pathophysiological traits and OSA severity for both sleep states. Adult patients with OSA had a significantly higher pharyngeal collapsibility (Vpassive: 44.9 [15.7 to 53.8] vs. 53.3 [34.2 to 66.3] %eupnea, p < 0.001), arousal threshold (178.5 [132.5 to 234.6] vs. 140.5 [123.2 to 192.3] %eupnea, p < 0.001), and loop gain (LG1: 0.74 ± 0.25 vs. 0.60 ± 0.17, p < 0.001; LGn: 0.52 ± 0.12 vs. 0.44 ± 0.08, p < 0.001) during DEX‐induced sleep compared with natural sleep. There was no significant difference in dilator muscle function or PSG respiratory parameters between natural versus DEX‐induced sleep states. Bivariate regression analysis showed varying degrees of correlation between OSA traits and severity. Multiple regression analysis indicated that collapsibility was the strongest predictor of the apnea–hypopnea index for both sleep states. Dexmedetomidine sedation in patients with OSA increased the pharyngeal collapsibility without impairing dilator muscle function, while elevating arousal threshold and increasing loop gain.