bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammal Population Viability Modeling: An Overview
Authors: Mccarthy Michael A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research on mammals has had an important role in our understanding of population ecology and the development of population models. Important areas of research have included studies on density dependence, predator-prey theory, disturbance dynamics, the use of models for synthesis of knowledge and as management tools, and approaches to validating models of population dynamics. This overview briefly discusses these areas of research and notes the relevant contributions of the following chapters in this volume. A common feature of these chapters is the use of models for assessing management strategies, a task for which stochastic population models such as RAMAS Metapop seem most suited. One area of research that requires further work is the development of efficient methods for analyzing these models so that optimal management strategies can be determined. Research on the population ecology of mammals has played an important part in many developments in population ecology. Chapter 39 on snowshoe hares by Griffin and Mills reminds us of the snowshoe hare–lynx cycle in Canada. It is perhaps one of the most widely known examples of predator-prey dynamics, has one of the longest time series, and has contributed substantially to our understanding of predator-prey dynamics (Krebs et al. 2001). The potential influence of predation (or other trophic interactions) is either ignored in most models of population viability or subsumed within the vital rates.
Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Pacific Rim Biological Uncertainty and Extinction Risk
Authors: Gerber Leah R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I develop a simple model for Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and use this model to examine the sensitivity of population status to uncertainty in population parameters and potential response to management actions. I describe key biological attributes of this marine mammal that may be considered in using RAMAS for modeling extinction risk for marine mammals. Steller sea lions (SSLs) offer an interesting example of using population viability analysis (PVA) as a tool for making conservation decisions. Among marine mammals for which reasonable population estimates are available, Steller sea lions are the most abundant species to be listed as “endangered” pursuant to both the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) (Gerber and VanBlaricom 2001). Hypotheses for the decline of Steller sea lions include predation, disease, and variability in abundance and distribution of prey; environmental change; nutritional stress; direct kills; intentional and incidental kills by fisheries; entanglement in marine debris; pollution; and other disturbances at a variety of spatial scales. However, the relative importance of these various processes is far from certain. I use RAMAS to examine the degree to which hypothesized causes might affect different life history stages and compare trajectories for alternate scenarios. I then examine the effect of uncertainty in environmental stochasticity, density dependence, and catastrophes on estimates of extinction risk.
Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi): Using Models to Guide Recovery Efforts
Authors: Root Karen V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
South Florida is a rapidly urbanizing region with large amounts of intensive types of agriculture such as citrus and sugarcane. This region, where the temperate and tropic regions meet, is very diverse in flora and fauna. At least 68 federally listed species occur in South Florida, including the endangered Florida panther, Puma concolor coryi (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1999). These vulnerable species are under increasing pressure as the human population continues to increase and economic expansion is accompanied by extensive land-use alterations. Cox et al. (1994) estimated that more than 3.2 million ha (or 8 million acres) of forest and wetland habitats have been cleared in Florida to accommodate the expanding human population over the last 50 years. The human population in Florida is expected to continue its growth, reaching 17.8 million people by 2010, with about half of them living in the South Florida ecosystem (Floyd 1997). The endangered Florida panther is the only representative of the species Puma concolor surviving in the eastern United States, and it survives only in a small area in South Florida. The Florida panther is an excellent example of a unique rare Florida species. The high-profile, endangered cat is a habitat generalist that ranges widely, seeking its preferred prey of deer and hogs. Panther numbers, though, are greatly reduced. As of 2001, the verifiable, by radiotelemetry and other field data, number of panthers in South Florida was 78 adults and juveniles (McBride 2001).
The California Professor As Researcher
Authors: Pais Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A list of Oppenheimer’s physics publications shows 73 entries in all, of which 51 stem from his California years, 1929-1942. His oeuvre in that period ranges over topics in quantum field theory, particle physics, theory of cosmic radiations, nuclear physics, and cosmology. In preparing a survey of that work I have been greatly helped by the writings of Robert Serber, who, as said, himself came to Berkeley in 1934 as research associate.
In Which Oppenheimer Enters The World Stage
Authors: Pais Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On April 12, 1945, President Roosevelt died. Three days later Oppenheimer scheduled a Sunday morning memorial service in Los Alamos, where “Oppie spoke very quietly for two or three minutes out of his heart and ours. It was Robert Oppenheimer at his best: ‘When, three days ago, the world had word . . . many wept who are unaccustomed to tears, many men and women, little enough accustomed to prayer, prayed to God.”
Oppenheimer’s Early Years As Institute Director
Authors: Pais Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Soon after the director-elect had settled in his Institute office, as had his new secretary-her name was Eleanor Leary, she had been secretary of Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter (1882-1965), a friend of Robert-he had his first enlightening contacts with the faculty, when he and Aydelotte watched Veblen wrest a room from the School of Economics for a mathematics professor. When Oppenheimer mentioned the possibility of supplanting the School secretaries and their helpers with a stenographic pool, he quickly reversed his field when he realized that academicians become as pleasantly inured to the custodial care of a good secretary as do businessmen and bureaucrats.
Oppenheimer And The World Of Physics: 1946–1954
Authors: Pais Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nineteen forty-six was the first year of peace. The year was marked by the widespread if delayed publication of results of the key war projects in physics, and above all, by the return to their old laboratories of hundreds of war-experienced physicists, brimful of information about what had been done, and confident in their understanding of whole fields of technique which had been vague general possibilities in 1940. . . . Physicists went back, a little rusty, to the problems of the days before the war. Most of those problems were still there, for not much fundamental progress had been made during the War years. But gone was the reluctance to do big things, gone the sometimes valuable, sometimes hampering isolation of the research worker.
The New Super
Authors: Pais Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stanislaw Marcius Ulam (1909-1984), a brilliant Polish-born mathematician, was a staff member at Los Alamos from 1943 until 1967. In the beginning of that period, he had been working primarily, without major success, on devising schemes for a workable hydrogen bomb. Then, in January 1951, his wife remembered: “Engraved on my memory is the day when I found him at noon staring intensely out of a window in our Santa Fe living room with a very strange expression on his face. Peering unseeing into the garden, he said, ‘I found a way to make it work.’ ‘What work?’ I asked. ‘The Super,’ he replied. ‘It is a totally different scheme, and it will change the course of history.’’ Not even Teller had anticipated Ulam’s idea. Years later, Bethe has written: “The new concept was to me, who had been rather closely associated with the program, about as surprising as the discovery of fission had been to physicists in 1939.’
In Which The News Of The Hearings Is Made Public
Authors: Pais Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the New York Herald Tribune edition of Sunday, April 11, 1954, there appeared a column by Joseph Alsop (1910-1989) and his younger brother Stewart (1914-1974), entitled “Next McCarthy target: the leading physicists.” The next morning, the Christian Science Monitor published an article with a similar heading: “Senator stalks A-Scientists.”
“Open Book”: The Hearing In The Matter Of J. Robert Oppenheimer
Authors: Pais Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The chief puzzle surrounding Robert Oppenheimer’s security clearance hearing is why it had not happened earlier. Despite Truman’s approval of the Super project in 1950, its supporters had neither forgiven nor forgotten Oppenheimer’s opposition. As Cold War anxieties rose, many key H-bomb supporters had grown increasingly anxious about his continued influence on atomic weapons development. Oppenheimer was neither the only eminent scientist to oppose the Super nor the only one to do so on moral grounds: in 1949, Compton, Conant, Fermi, and Rabi, among others, had signed on to documents that articulated powerful practical and moral objections to the Super’s development. But this did not cause its proponents to question the integrity of these scientists, nor to fear that they were spies. Oppenheimer was different. No one else with that much access and influence had that much of a leftwing past. No one else with that much of a leftwing past had that much access and influence. Oppenheimer’s opposition to the Super’s development coupled with his past leftwing activities to magnify the suspicion and determination of his adversaries. Their fear of each intensified their fear of the other.
Bearing Witness
Authors: Charon Rita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 46-year-old Dominican man visits me for the first time, having been assigned to my patient panel by his Medicaid Managed Care plan. He has been suffering from shortness of breath and chest pain, and he fears for his heart. I say to him at the start of our first visit, “I will be your doctor, and so I have to learn a great deal about your body and your health and your life. Please tell me what you think I should know about your situation.” And then I do my best to not say a word, to not write in his medical chart, but to absorb all that he emits about himself—about his health concerns, his family, his work, his fears, and his hopes. I listen not only for the content of his narrative but also for its form—its temporal course, its images, its associated subplots, its silences, where he chooses to begin in telling of himself, how he sequences symptoms with other life events. After a few minutes, the patient stops talking and begins to weep. I ask him why he cries. He says, “No one ever let me do this before.”
Theater, Oratory, And Music
Authors: Reynolds David S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Whitman Said He Spent His Young Manhood “Absorbing theatres at every pore” and seeing “everything, high, low, middling,” he revealed his complete identification with the performance culture of antebellum America.1 There was a fine line in antebellum theaters between enthusiastic applause and uncontrolled mob frenzy. The b’hoys and roughs of the gallery went to the theater as much to engage in deviltry as to see plays. Often the din of clapping, yelling, cheering, or hissing drowned out the actors. At the slightest provocation, unruly elements in the audience would throw things onto the stage. Whitman fondly recalled “those long-kept-up tempests of hand-clapping peculiar to the Bowery-no dainty kid-gloved business, but electric force and muscle from perhaps 2,000 fullsinew’d men.”2
Sex, Gender, and Comradeship
Authors: Reynolds David S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Determinedly Avoiding Both Reticence and Obscenity, Whitman in his poetry brought to all kinds of love a fresh, passionate intensity. He profited from developments in the areas of physiology, marriage reform, and the visual arts. Despite the sexual frankness of Whitman’s poetry, he had a moralistic attitude toward pornography. Surveying the popular literature of the antebellum period, he said he saw “In the pleantiful [sic] feast of romance presented to us, all the novels, all the poems, really dish up only one figure, various forms and preparations of only one plot, namely, a sickly, scrofulous, crude amorousness.”1 In “Democratic Vistas” he complained that in “the prolific brood of the contemporary novel, magazine-tale, theatre-play, &c.,” he found “the same endless thread of tangled and superlative love-story.”2 He was puzzled that some inferred from his poetry that he would take an interest in what he called “all the literature of rape, all the pornograph of vile minds.
The Civil War, Lincoln, and Reconstruction
Authors: Reynolds David S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Civil War Was Not What Whitman Had Wanted Or Expected, But it turned out to be what he needed-and, he came to believe, what the nation needed. “My book and the war are one,” he said in a poem.1 In the 1876 preface he explained: “The whole book, indeed, revolves around that four years’ war, which, as I was in the midst of it, becomes, in ‘Drum Taps,’ pivotal to the rest entire.”2 In his view, the Civil War accomplished what he had hoped his poetry would accomplish. It blew away many of the social ills that his early poetry had tried to rectify. It cleared the atmosphere like a thunderstorm. It seemed to rid the North, especially Manhattan, of many of its prewar problems. It turned the fuzzy, shifting issue of states’ rights versus national power into the crystal-clear one of Secession versus Union. It made most of the people in the North rally around the ideal of union he had long cherished. It pulled together virtually all Americans, North and South, in a common action and a spirit of heroic self-sacrifice.
The Postconcussion Syndrome and the Sequelae of Mild Head Injury
Authors: Evans Randolph W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although neurologists frequently evaluate and treat patients with mild head injury, the persistent sequelae are controversial. The following two cases illustrate some elements of this controversy, including the credibility of the patient with subjective complaints and the effect of secondary gain and litigation on persistent symptoms. The chapter will then review the Hollywood head injury myth, definitions, epidemiology, historical aspects, neuropathology, nonorganic explanations, sequelae, diagnostic testing, prognosis, and treatment.
Sequence-Dependent Properties of DNA and Their Role in Function
Authors: Crothers Donald M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The genome is a complex nuclear organelle whose function is to encode the information needed to maintain the living state as cells grow and divide, and as generations pass from parents to progeny. Much attention has focused on the DNA sequences that encode proteins, the workhorse molecules of biochemical metabolism and biological structures. However, these sequences account for only a fraction of the total human genome. Moreover, because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, there are many ways to encode a specific protein. Local DNA structure depends on sequence, as do the mechanical properties, such as bending and twisting flexibility. As a consequence, much more information is encoded in the genome than is accounted for by protein sequences. Deciphering the complex secondary code[s] has only begun.
Alternative Splicing: One Gene, Many Products
Authors: Graveley Brenton R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The information content of eukaryotic genes is typically organized in an interrupted, nonlinear fashion. Alternative splicing is a process in which the information encoded by a single stretch of DNA is extracted in a way that results in the production of multiple mRNAs, which can encode related, but distinct, proteins. In addition to containing protein-coding information, eukaryotic RNA transcripts also contain the information that specifies how the protein-coding portions are cut and pasted together to generate messenger RNAs.
Thank Goodness!
Authors: Dennett Daniel C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are no atheists in foxholes, according to an old but dubious saying, and there is at least a little anecdotal evidence in favor of it in the notorious cases of famous atheists who have emerged from near-death experiences to announce to the world that they have changed their minds. The British philosopher Sir A. J. Ayer, who died in 1989, is a fairly recent example. Here is another anecdote to ponder. Two weeks ago, I was rushed by ambulance to a hospital, where it was determined by CT scan that I had a “dissection of the aorta”—the lining of the main output vessel carrying blood from my heart had been torn up, creating a two-channel pipe where there should only be one. Fortunately for me, the fact that I’d had a coronary artery bypass graft seven years ago probably saved my life, since the tangle of scar tissue that had grown like ivy around my heart in the intervening years reinforced the aorta, preventing catastrophic leakage from the tear in the aorta itself. After a nine-hour surgery, in which my heart was stopped entirely and my body and brain were chilled down to about forty-five degrees to prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen until they could get the heart–lung machine pumping, I am now the proud possessor of a new aorta and aortic arch, made of strong Dacron fabric tubing sewn into shape on the spot by the surgeon, attached to my heart by a carbon-fiber valve that makes a reassuring little click every time my heart beats.
The 1830s: Significant Contacts And Friendships
Authors: Krebs Harald , Krebs Sharon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Songs of the 1830s
The liberating, catalytic effect of Lang’s contact with Mendelssohn probably contributed to her generally high productivity and publication rate during the 1830s (she published at least five sets of songs between 1834 and 1838) and also to the high quality of the songs that she wrote during this period. Only a small selection from this outpouring of fine music can be mentioned here.
Josephine Lang As A Person And As A Composer
Authors: Krebs Harald , Krebs Sharon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This comment refers to Lang’s charisma—a feature that is corroborated by Mendelssohn’s and Heller’s letters. Recall Heller’s reminiscing, thirty years after meeting her, about her “enchanting” personality, and Mendelssohn’s description of her as “so interesting, so distinctive that one can hardly take one’s eyes off her.” Mendelssohn concluded the passage about Lang in this letter with the words, “I wish you could see her sometime; she could by herself already make the memory of Munich dear to me.” H. A. Köstlin’s statement also alludes to Lang’s “unconsciousness of her worth and importance.” Her humility is confirmed by her own remarks in her letters and on her musical autographs. The title of one of her musical notebooks (fig. 3) is “Attempts to lend tones to words”—a typically modest wording. The title of another notebook, “Beautiful words clothed in poor melodies,” similarly makes clear that she did not think highly of her music. When she submitted her work to the scrutiny of others, she was often impelled to plead for forbearance.
The White Cat Translated by John Ashbery
Authors: D’aulnoy Marie-Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There was once a king who had three sons, stout and courageous lads; he feared lest the desire to reign might overtake them before his death; there were even rumours that they were seeking to acquire vassals, so as to deprive him of his kingdom. The king felt his age, yet he was still sound of mind and body, and by no means inclined to surrender a position he filled with much dignity; therefore he concluded that the best way to live in peace was to tease them with promises which he would always be able to avoid fulfilling.
Bearskin Translated by Terence Cave
Authors: Murat Henriette-Julie De 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Once upon a time there lived a king and queen who had a daughter; of all the children born to them, she was the only one still living. They named her Hawthorn. Her beauty and charms brought them some consolation for the painful loss of so many young princes. Infinite care was taken over her education, with happy results: by the age of twelve she was as learned as her teachers. As she was both clever and uncommonly beautiful, she was sought after by all the kings and princes who happened to be eligible at the time. The king and queen, who adored her, were afraid of losing her, so they were in no hurry to surrender her to these enthusiastic suitors. Hawthorn, too, was quite happy with her lot, and was afraid of a marriage that would take her away from her dear parents.
Introduction A Framework for Moral Responsibility
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The words of Michael Ross, who is described in an article that appeared in Connecticut Magazine as “a mild-mannered Cornell graduate who has been sentenced to death for raping and murdering four Connecticut teenagers,” are haunting (and not just because I, too, am-arguably-a mild-mannered Cornell graduate): Michael Ross was sentenced to die for his crimes. Coincidentally, as I write this part of the introductory essay (December 2004), Michael Ross is scheduled to be executed on January 26, 2005, in Connecticut. During his years on death row in Connecticut, Ross wrote extensively about his crimes, and he was also the subject of much discussion and analysis.
Responsibility For Omissions
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have argued that persons can be morally responsible for actions and consequences that are inevitable for them. That is, there are cases in which an agent can legitimately be held morally responsible for performing an action he could not have avoided performing; and there are cases in which an agent can legitimately be held morally responsible for a consequence-universal that he could not have prevented from obtaining. Further, we have argued that a certain sort of association of moral responsibility with control helps to explain these facts. More specifically, the association of moral responsibility with guidance control helps to explain why moral responsibility for actions and consequences does not require alternative possibilities.
William Wordsworth “A Pure Organic Pleasure from the Lines”
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is reason to think that Wordsworth was aware of a discussion about the difference between poetry and prose in Erasmus Darwin’s Loves of the Plants; aware, too, ‘almost certainly’, of an article in The Monthly Magazine for July 1796 on ‘Is Verse Essential to Poetry?’1 Such arguments are ancient, and usually yield only to fatigue. Robert Lowell said, ‘I no longer know the difference between prose and verse’.2 T. S. Eliot towards the end of his life declared: ‘the moment the intermediate term verse is suppressed, I do not believe that any distinction between prose and poetry is meaningful’.3 That was in 1958; but thirty years earlier, when the usual arguments were being rehearsed in The Times Literary Supplement, Eliot had come up with a very suggestive formulation: ‘Verse, whatever else it may or may not be, is itself a system of punctuation; the usual marks of punctuation themselves are differently employed’ (27 September 1928).