bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity of a diagnosis of heart failure in a hospital discharge register
Authors: Ingelsson Erik , Ärnlöv Johan , Sundström Johan , Lind Lars 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground and aimsThe accuracy of a diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in hospital discharge registers is largely unknown. We aimed to determine the validity of such a diagnosis in the Swedish hospital discharge register.Methods and resultsIn a population‐based study of 2322 middle‐aged men (the ULSAM study), 321 participants were diagnosed with HF according to the Swedish hospital discharge register, during a median follow‐up time of 29 years. A review board examined the validity of the diagnosis according to the European Society of Cardiology definition of HF.Eighty‐two percent of the possible cases were classified as having definite HF. An echocardiographic examination increased the validity to 88%. For patients treated at an internal medicine or cardiology clinic the validity was 86% and 91%, respectively. If HF was the primary diagnosis, the validity was 95%, irrespective of clinic type.ConclusionThe HF diagnosis in the Swedish hospital discharge register appears slightly less precise than for acute myocardial infarction and stroke. For population‐based research, only those with a primary diagnosis of HF in the hospital discharge register should be regarded as definite HF cases, or alternatively the cases should be validated individually.
Tumour marker levels in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Varol Ercan , Ozaydin Mehmet , Dogan Abdullah , Kosar Feridun 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundCarbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA 125), a marker for ovarian cancer has been reported to increase in relation to the severity of heart failure.ObjectiveTo evaluate the serum levels of CA 125 and other tumour markers, in patients with chronic heart failure.MethodsBlood levels of CA 125 and other tumour markers were determined in 44 heart failure patients (16 males and 28 females; age 66.3±6.5 years) before and after optimal medical treatment. Levels were also evaluated in 30 healthy volunteers (11 males and 19 females; age 65.7±9.8 years). The results in the heart failure patients were grouped according to clinical status (New York Heart Association Class). The mean duration of follow‐up was 3±1.5 months.ResultsThe mean serum level of CA 125 was 81.9±91 in the patient group and 7.5±4.8 in control group (p<0.001). The mean CA 19‐9 level in the patient group (16.8±16.6) was significantly higher than in the control group (4.5±2.6) (p<0.001). CA 125 levels increased as the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class increased (Class I/II: 17.7±22.4 U/ml; Class III: 99.6±92.1 U/ml; Class IV 136.4±102.8 U/ml; p<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CA 125 and other tumour marker levels before and after optimisation of treatment. Significantly higher serum CA 125 levels were found in patients with pericardial effusion (p=0.002) when compared to patients without pericardial effusion.ConclusionAmong the tumour markers evaluated, only CA 125 seems to be specifically related to the presence and severity of heart failure and also the presence of pericardial fluid. Therefore, measurements of CA 125 serum levels might be proposed for the serial assessment of heart failure. Whether CA 125 has a specific biological role in heart failure requires further investigation.
Hypotension is associated with diuretic resistance in severe chronic heart failure, independent of renal function
Authors: De Pasquale C.G. , Dunne J.S. , Minson R.B. , Arnolda L.F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackgroundDiuretic resistance and systemic hypotension are common in chronic heart failure (CHF), however, the two have not been associated.AimsSince blood pressure (BP) might be an important determinant of sodium excretion, we searched for an association between BP and diuretic dosage in severe CHF.MethodsOur heart failure database was retrospectively reviewed for patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The 54‐patient cohort was divided on the basis of frusemide dosage (high‐dose ≥250 mg daily, n=26).ResultsPatients taking high‐dose frusemide had higher serum creatinine, and lower systolic and diastolic BP. On logistic regression analysis, increased serum creatinine and reduced diastolic BP were independent predictors of the use of high‐dose frusemide. Grouping these variables into tertiles, the odds ratio for the use of high‐dose frusemide was 4.0 as diastolic BP decreased (p<0.01), and 6.8 as serum creatinine increased (p<0.001).ConclusionsWe have found an association between hypotension and the use of high‐dose frusemide in severe CHF, which is independent of renal function, and which may be an important physiologic mechanism of diuretic resistance in severe CHF.
Serum anti‐p53 antibodies do not occur in patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies
Authors: Izgi Cemil , Cevik Cihan , Ozdemir Nihal , Kaymaz Cihangir , Ozkan Mehmet 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground:P53 is a key protein which controls cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Auto‐antibodies against p53 have been detected in some cancer patients and also in patients with autoimmune diseases. In these patients, the main cause of anti‐p53 antibody occurrence was considered to be increased intracellular p53 protein in cancer cells and autoreactive lymphocytes, respectively. Intracellular p53 also increases with cardiomyocyte apoptosis during heart failure and autoreactive lymphocytes play a role in the course of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that anti‐p53 antibody response may also occur in patients with heart failure due to ICM and IDC.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate anti‐p53 antibodies in the serum of patients with heart failure due to IDC and ICM.Methods:70 eligible patients with heart failure and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (mean fractional shortening 12.03±3.93%) were included in the study. The aetiology of heart failure was IDC in 26 patients and ICM in 44 patients, according to the angiographic and echocardiographic findings.Results:Anti‐p53 antibodies were not detected in any of the patients.Conclusion:Anti‐p53 antibodies do not occur in patients with heart failure due to IDC and ICM, possible explanations are discussed in the text.
Time dependant differences in pain sensitivity during unilateral ischemic pain provocation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Tuveson Birgitta , Leffler Ann‐Sofie , Hansson Per 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPlurisegmental endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms related to diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) were demonstrated in animal experiments to act on multireceptive neurons of the entire cord outside the conditioned segment without any side differences. Human experiments have demonstrated altered pain sensitivity to pressure, heat and electrical stimulation during heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS). The purpose of the study was to examine if side and/or time differences in pain thresholds and suprathreshold pain sensitivity for pressure and heat, respectively, could be detected during HNCS. Perception thresholds to pressure and heat pain as well as the sensitivity to suprathreshold pressure (SPP) and heat pain (SHP) were assessed in 18 healthy volunteers bilaterally at the thighs before, during and following ischemia‐induced pain of the left forearm (HNCS). The assessments started with either the right (10 subjects) or the left thigh (8 subjects). During HNCS the pressure pain threshold increased significantly (p< 0.001) on both sides alike. No significant difference in the magnitude of the altered pressure pain threshold was seen between sides for the first or the lastly assessed side. On the lastly assessed side only SPP and SHP increased significantly on both sides alike (p< 0.02 andp< 0.03, respectively), without magnitude differences between sides. During unilateral HNCS of the left arm, a time factor was demonstrated only for alterations in suprathreshold pain sensitivity, without any differences in magnitude between sides. Therefore, the results have implications for future design of HNCS‐related experimental and clinical studies.
The role of mixotrophy in plankton bloom dynamics, and the consequences for productivity
Authors: Hammer Astrid C. , Pitchford Jonathan W. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Mixotrophy (=heterotrophy and photosynthesis by a single individual) is a common phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems, in particular under light- or nutrient-limitation. However, it is not usually considered in mathematical models of biological populations. This paper shows how different types of mixotrophy might be usefully incorporated into a general predator–prey model, and explores the consequences for plankton bloom dynamics and productivity. It is demonstrated, analytically and numerically, that even small levels of type III mixotrophy (a small fraction of the zooplankton also being involved in primary production) have significant effects on a system's equilibrium structure, stability, and short-term dynamics. Type III mixotrophy has a stabilizing effect on the system by reducing its excitability, i.e. its propensity to exhibit blooms. Compared with the non-mixotrophic benchmark, for a phytoplankton bloom to be triggered in a system with type III mixotrophy, a much larger perturbation is necessary. Type II mixotrophy (a small fraction of algae engage in phagotrophy) and type I mixotrophy (equal phagotrophy and phototrophy) are briefly discussed. The potential consequences for productivity are also studied. Our results indicate that the phytoplankton–zooplankton system becomes more productive in the presence of type III mixotrophy.
Using survey data independently from commercial data in stock assessment: an example using haddock in ICES Division VIa
Authors: Beare D.J. , Needle C.L. , Burns F. , Reid D.G. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Currently standard fish stock biomass estimates are based most directly on commercial catch-at-age data. The main contribution made by research-vessel trawl survey data to the stock assessment process is to “tune” trends in the commercial data and provide estimates of incoming year-class strength. In this process much of the information contained with the survey data (e.g. spatial detail) is lost because the data are first aggregated into numbers-at-age indices for given areas. Another problem is that increasingly restrictive total allowable catches (TACs) imposed on the fishing industry have led to what is suspected to be widespread misreporting, i.e. the scientists do not know how many fish have been landed. This leads to negative biases in the catch data, low stock abundance estimates by scientists, even lower TACs, followed by even more misreporting. One potential way to escape this downward spiral is to explore scientific trawl survey data in more detail since trawl surveys are more straightforward to regulate. Traditionally, there has been resistance to this idea since, in comparison to commercial catch-at-age data, trawl survey data are very sparse in space and time. In this study, the potential for using trawl survey data independently in stock assessments is explored for the case of ICES Area VIa haddock, using two different tools. Findings suggest that it is possible to get qualitatively useful information from trawl survey data alone as well as quantitative, spatially resolved, estimates of fish abundance by making simple swept-area assumptions. In addition, interesting differences between survey and commercial data are highlighted by the study. The mean age of fish reported by the commercial fleet, for example, is higher than that reflected by the survey data, while fishing mortality estimates tend to be higher when estimated from survey data alone.
Risk factors for wound infection following cesarean deliveries
Authors: Schneid‐Kofman N. , Sheiner E. , Levy A. , Holcberg G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective: To identify risk factors for early wound infection (diagnosed prior to discharge) following cesarean delivery. Methods: A population‐based study comparing women who have and have not developed a wound infection prior to discharge from Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, between 1988 and 2002. Results: Of the 19,416 cesarean deliveries performed during the study period, 726 (3.7%) were followed by wound infection. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, the following risk factors were identified: obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–3.1); hypertensive disorders (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4–2.1); premature rupture of membranes (OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–1.9); diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7); emergency cesarean delivery (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5); and twin delivery (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–2.0). Combined obesity and diabetes (gestational and pregestational) increased the risk for wound infection 9.3‐fold (95% CI, 4.5–19.2; P < .001). Conclusion: Independent risk factors for an early wound infection are obesity, diabetes, hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, emergency cesarean delivery, and twin delivery. Information regarding higher rates of wound infection should be provided to obese women undergoing cesarean delivery, especially when diabetes coexists.
Social exchange in supply chain relationships: The resulting benefits of procedural and distributive justice
Authors: Griffith David A. , Harvey Michael G. , Lusch Robert F. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSocial exchange theory is used to model the outcomes of procedural and distributive justice in supply chain relationships. In this study, we examine how the enacted procedural and distributive justice policies of a firm influence its partner's attitudes and behaviors within a sample of 290 supply chain relationships. Findings indicate that the perceived procedural and distributive justice of a supplier's policies enhance the long‐term orientation and relational behaviors of its distributor, which, in turn, are associated with decreased conflict and increased satisfaction, that influence the distributor's performance. The authors discuss the importance of the results for academics and practitioners.
Regional atmospheric circulation change in the North Pacific during the Holocene inferred from lacustrine carbonate oxygen isotopes, Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Anderson Lesleigh , Abbott Mark B. , Finney Bruce P. , Burns Stephen J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAnalyses of sediment cores from Jellybean Lake, a small, evaporation-insensitive groundwater-fed lake, provide a record of changes in North Pacific atmospheric circulation for the last ∽7500 yr at 5- to 30-yr resolution. Isotope hydrology data from the southern Yukon indicate that the oxygen isotope composition of water from Jellybean Lake reflects the composition of mean-annual precipitation, δ18Op. Recent changes in the δ18O of Jellybean sedimentary calcite (δ18Oca) correspond to changes in the North Pacific Index (NPI), a measure of the intensity and position of the Aleutian Low (AL) pressure system. This suggests that δ18Op variability was related to the degree of fractionation during moisture transport from the Gulf of Alaska across the St. Elias Mountains and that Holocene shifts were controlled by the intensity and position of the AL. Following this model, between ∽7500 and 4500 cal yr B.P., long-term trends suggest a predominantly weaker and/or westward AL. Between ∽4500 and 3000 cal yr B.P. the AL shifted eastward or intensified before shifting westward or weakening between ∽3000 and 2000 cal yr B.P. Rapid shifts eastward and/or intensification occurred ∽1200 and 300 cal yr B.P. Holocene changes in North Pacific atmospheric circulation inferred from Jellybean Lake oxygen isotopes correspond with late Holocene glacial advances in the St. Elias Mountains, changes in North Pacific salmon abundance, and shifts in atmospheric circulation over the Beaufort Sea.
The magic of the magic lantern (1660–1700): on analogical demonstration and the visualization of the invisible
Authors: VERMEIR KOEN 
Published: May 2005

The history of the magic lantern provides a privileged case study with which to explore the histories of projection, demonstration, illusion and the occult, and their different intersections. I focus on the role of the magic lantern in the work of the Jesuit Athanasius Kircher and the French Cartesian Abbé de Vallemont. After explaining the various meanings of the seventeenth-century concept of illusio, I propose a new solution for the long-standing problem that Kircher added the ‘wrong’ illustrations to his description of the lantern. The complex interaction between text, image and performance was crucial in Kircher's work and these ‘wrong’ figures provide us with a key to interpreting his Ars Magna. I argue that Vallemont used the magic lantern in a similar rhetorical way in a crucial phase of his argument. The magic lantern should not be understood merely as an illustrative image or an item of demonstration apparatus; rather the instrument is employed as part of a performance which is not meant simply to be entertaining. Both authors used a special form of scientific demonstration, which I will term ‘analogical demonstration’, to bolster their world view. This account opens new ways to think about the relation between instruments and the occult.Sol fons lucis universi, vas admirabile, opus Excelsi, divinitatis thalamus, risus coeli, decor, & pulchritudo mundiA. KircherFor one of those Gnostics, the visible universe was an illusion or, more precisely, a sophism. Mirrors and fatherhood are abominable because they multiply it and extend it.J. L. Borges
‘A finite universe?’ Riemannian geometry and the Modernist theology of Ernest William Barnes
Authors: VALENTE K. G. 
Published: May 2005

As one of the most tireless advocates of Modernism in the Church of England, Ernest William Barnes (1874–1953) was the subject of both veneration and scorn. The position Barnes adopted on evolution during the inter-war years, the period during which he was installed as the Bishop of Birmingham, has been the focus of recent scholarship. In particular, his spiritual agenda departed from those of most Modernists in that it encouraged the faithful to accept the precepts of evolution and Mendelism while it repudiated Lamarckian progressivism. Indeed, his unadulterated appreciation of neo-evolutionary theories makes it easier to understand his willingness to promote eugenic principles.Another unusual aspect of Barnes's Modernist theology, however, remains to be examined in any detail – namely its mathematical underpinnings. Before rising to his bishopric, Barnes was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on the strength of his mathematical research. Further, his reputation as one knowledgeable in both modern mathematical and biological investigations provided an authoritative legitimacy that was meant to enhance his efforts at reconciliation, including his Gifford Lectures of 1927 to 1929. This paper examines Barnes's promotion of Riemannian geometry, especially as it relates to the consolation he found in the concept of a finite universe. Ultimately it asserts that mathematics made essential contributions to a cosmological perspective integral to his Modernism.
The effect of lucerne-protein concentrate in the diet on growth, reproduction and body composition of Rats
Authors: Hove E. L. , Lohrey Evelyn , Urs M. K. , Allison R. M. 
Published: May 2005

1. Protein concentrates were prepared from freshly cut lucerne by the Pirie process and freeze-dried. When supplemented with methionine or cystine and given to rats as the sole source of protein at 120 g protein/kg diet, the adjusted mean protein efficiency ratio was 2.89 (casein standard at 2.50). As a supplement to protein from barley meal the lucerne leaf-protein concentrate (LPC) was similar to casein.2. To investigate nutritional safety, lucerne LPC supplemented with methionine was given to rats at high levels for 6 months; exposure of these rats to diffuse daylight was avoided to prevent a severe disfiguring photosensitivity reaction. At a dietary protein concentration of 100 g/kg, rats grew equally well with lucerne LPC or casein. When the supplement was given at protein concentrations of 200 or 300 g/kg the rates of body-weight gain of male and female rats were less than those of control rats given casein. However, after 5 months on the diets, body-weights of male rats had nearly reached those of the controls.3. Apparent protein digestibility ratio was about 0.80 with all three levels of lucerne LPC.4. Reproduction was normal in seventeen of the eighteen female rats given the lucerne LPC at the three levels; lactation was also normal and litters were successfully raised to weaning.5. Organ weights, liver histology and blood haemoglobin were normal in male rats given the lucerne LPC for 6 months.6. Total body lipid of male rats given lucerne LPC was about half that of the control rats given casein. Body protein was slightly increased, and moisture content was higher in rats given lucerne LPC.7. The ‘whey’ remaining after precipitation of the protein from lucerne juice strongly inhibited the initial growth of mice given a complete control diet. The mice soon accommodated to the depressive effect of ‘whey’, and body-weight gains were normal during the 3rd week.
Studies on unidentified growth factors
Authors: Bunyan J. , Murrell Elspeth A. , Cawthorne M. A. , Redman B. T. 
Published: May 2005

1. Chicks at 10 d of age were given diets containing all the nutrients known to be required, with L-amino acids in place of protein. Dietary supplements were added isonitrogenously.2. Ox liver (100 g/kg) greatly improved the chicks' growth rate, whereas torula yeast (50 g/kg) was inactive. The activity of fresh moist liver was considered to be due largely to an organic factor, because of the inactivity of water and the low activity of liver ash.3. The growth rates of chicks receiving diets based upon casein and isolated soya-bean protein were significantly improved by the inclusion of 100 g fresh ox liver/kg, but not of 50 g torula yeast/kg.4. These results show that chicks receiving an amino acid diet require an organic growth factor (Progressin) that differs from the yeast factor required by rats receiving an amino acid diet.