bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminalizing Human Rights
Authors: Alston Philip 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe priorities reflected in the overarching system that includes the regimes dealing with international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law are currently undergoing a gradual but highly significant transformation. The cause is a growing preoccupation with ‘atrocity crimes’ in each of the three fields, along with the imposition of criminal sanctions in response to an ever increasing range of violations, the recasting of other violations as crimes (ecocide), and the urge to describe a great many situations as involving genocide. These developments have diminished the attention given to non-criminal violations and to techniques other than prosecution, and facilitated continuing neglect of the structural dimensions underpinning violations. In the foreign policies of key western states, sanctions against individuals now attract more attention than other human rights responses. The risk is that these trends will entrench an atrocity-centred normative hierarchy, empower judges and criminal lawyers at the expense of social movements, shine a spotlight on individual rather than collective responsibility, reinforce problematic North-South dynamics, and distort resource allocations at the international level.
Adapting a model of cervical carcinogenesis to self-identified Black women to evaluate racial disparities in the United States
Authors: Spencer Jennifer C , Burger Emily A , Campos Nicole G , Regan Mary Caroline , Sy Stephen , Kim Jane J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Self-identified Black women in the United States have higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality than the general population, but these differences have not been clearly attributed across described cancer care inequities.

Methods
A previously established microsimulation model of cervical cancer was adapted to reflect demographic, screening, and survival data for Black US women and compared with a model reflecting data for all US women. Each model input with stratified data (all-cause mortality, hysterectomy rates, screening frequency, screening modality, follow-up, and cancer survival) was sequentially replaced with Black-race specific data to arrive at a fully specified model reflecting Black women. At each step, we estimated the relative contribution of inputs to observed disparities.

Results
Estimated (hysterectomy-adjusted) cervical cancer incidence was 8.6 per 100 000 in the all-race model vs 10.8 per 100 000 in the Black-race model (relative risk [RR] = 1.24, range = 1.23-1.27). Estimated all-race cervical cancer mortality was 2.9 per 100 000 vs 5.5 per 100 000 in the Black-race model (RR = 1.92, range = 1.85-2.00). We found the largest contributors of incidence disparities were follow-up from positive screening results (47.3% of the total disparity) and screening frequency (32.7%). For mortality disparities, the largest contributor was cancer survival differences (70.1%) followed by screening follow-up (12.7%).

Conclusion
To reduce disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, it is important to understand and address differences in care access and quality across the continuum of care. Focusing on the practices and policies that drive differences in treatment and follow-up from cervical abnormalities may have the highest impact.
Relation of Aerobic Activity to Cognition and Well-being in Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A LIMBIC-CENC Study
Authors: Wright Brennan M , Zhang Chong , Fisher Renae R , Karmarkar Amol M , Bjork James M , Pugh Mary Jo , Hodges Cooper B , Martindale Sarah L , Wilde Elisabeth A , Kenney Kimbra , McDonald Scott D , Scheibel Randall S , Newsome Mary R , Cook Lawrence J , Walker William C 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Because chronic difficulties with cognition and well-being are common after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and aerobic physical activity and exercise (PAE) is a potential treatment and mitigation strategy, we sought to determine their relationship in a large sample with remote mTBI.

Materials and Methods
The Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium–Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium prospective longitudinal study is a national multicenter observational study of combat-exposed service members and veterans. Study participants with positive mTBI histories (n = 1,087) were classified as “inactive” (23%), “insufficiently active” (46%), “active” (19%), or “highly active” (13%) based on the aerobic PAE level. The design was a cross-sectional analysis with multivariable regression. PAE was reported on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Preselected primary outcomes were seven well-validated cognitive performance tests of executive function, learning, and memory: The California Verbal Learning Test—Second Edition Long-Delay Free Recall and Total Recall, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised Total Recall, Trail-Making Test—Part B, and NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological Behavior and Function Cognition Battery Picture Sequence Memory, Flanker, and Dimensional Change Card Sort tests. Preselected secondary outcomes were standardized self-report questionnaires of cognitive functioning, life satisfaction, and well-being.

Results
Across the aerobic activity groups, cognitive performance tests were not significantly different. Life satisfaction and overall health status scores were higher for those engaging in regular aerobic activity. Exploratory analyses also showed better working memory and verbal fluency with higher aerobic activity levels.

Conclusions
An association between the aerobic activity level and the preselected primary cognitive performance outcome was not demonstrated using this study sample and methods. However, higher aerobic activity levels were associated with better subjective well-being. This supports a clinical recommendation for regular aerobic exercise among persons with chronic or remote mTBI. Future longitudinal analyses of the exercise–cognition relationship in chronic mTBI populations are recommended.
Strain Response of an Anatomically Accurate Nonhuman Primate Finite Element Brain Model Under Sagittal Loading
Authors: Rooks Tyler F , Chancey Valeta Carol , Baisden Jamie L , Yoganandan Narayan 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prevention and treatment of traumatic brain injuries is critical to preserving soldier brain health. Laboratory studies are commonly used to reproduce injuries, understand injury mechanisms, and develop tolerance limits; however, this approach has limitations for studying brain injury, which requires a physiological response. The nonhuman primate (NHP) has been used as an effective model for investigating brain injury for many years. Prior research using the NHP provides a valuable resource to leverage using modern analysis and modeling techniques to improve our understanding of brain injury. The objectives of the present study are to develop an anatomically accurate finite element model of the NHP and determine regional brain responses using previously collected NHP data.

Materials and Methods
The finite element model was developed using a neuroimaging-based anatomical atlas of the rhesus macaque that includes both cortical and subcortical structures. Head kinematic data from 10 sagittal NHP experiments, four +Gx (rearward) and six −Gx (frontal), were used to test model stability and obtain brain strain responses from multiple severities and vectors.

Results
For +Gx tests, the whole-brain cumulative strain damage measure exceeding a strain threshold of 0.15 (CSDM15) ranged from 0.28 to 0.89, and 95th percentile of the whole-brain maximum principal strain (MPS95) ranged from 0.21 to 0.59. For −Gx tests, whole-brain CSDM15 ranged from 0.02 to 0.66, and whole-brain MPS95 ranged from 0.08 to 0.39.

Conclusions
Recognizing that NHPs are the closest surrogate to humans combined with the limitations of conducting brain injury research in the laboratory, a detailed anatomically accurate finite element model of an NHP was developed and exercised using previously collected data from the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory. The presently developed model can be used to conduct additional analyses to act as pilot data for the design of newer experiments with statistical power because of the sensitivity and resources needed to conduct experiments with NHPs.
Bright, photostable and long-circulating NIR-II nanoparticles for whole-process monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation
Authors: Zhang Rongyuan , Shen Ping , Xiong Yu , Wu Tianjing , Wang Gang , Wang Yucheng , Zhang Liping , Yang Han , He Wei , Du Jian , Wei Xuedong , Zhang Siwei , Qiu Zijie , Zhang Weijie , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Kidney transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage renal diseases (ESRDs). However, the scarcity of donor kidneys has caused more and more ESRD patients to be stuck on the waiting list for transplant surgery. Improving the survival rate for renal grafts is an alternative solution to the shortage of donor kidneys. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the surgical process is crucial to the success of kidney transplantation, but efficient methods and techniques are lacking. Herein, a fluorescence technology based on bright, photostable and long-circulating aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active NIR-II nano-contrast agent DIPT-ICF nanoparticles for the whole-process monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation has been reported. In the aggregated state, DIPT-ICF exhibits superior photophysical properties compared with the commercial dyes IR-26 and IR-1061. Besides, the long-circulating characteristic of the AIE nano-contrast agent helps to achieve renal angiography in kidney retrieval surgery, donor kidney quality evaluation, diagnosing vascular and ureteral complications, and assessment of renal graft reperfusion beyond renovascular reconstruction, which considerably outperforms the clinically approved indocyanine green (ICG).
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Community-Onset Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Zhang Helen L , Perez Reinaldo , Krishnan Jay , Lautenbach Ebbing , Anderson Deverick J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) are an increasingly important cause of community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs), including recurrent infections. We evaluated risk factors for recurrence among patients with community-onset ESCrE UTI.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adults with community-onset ESCrE UTI in the Duke University Health System from April 2018 through December 2021. ESCrE UTI recurrence by the same species was assessed 14–180 days (ie, 6 months) after completion of antibiotic treatment. We evaluated the relationships between candidate risk factors and time to recurrence using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
Among 1347 patients with community-onset ESCrE UTI, 202 (15.0%) experienced recurrent infection during the 6-month follow-up period. Independent risk factors for recurrence included neurogenic bladder (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2–2.6]; P = .005), prior history of UTI (aHR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.7–3.3]; P &lt; .001), and fluoroquinolone nonsusceptibility of the index UTI (aHR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1–2.1]; P = .02). Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was associated with recurrence in univariate analysis (HR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.1]; P = .007) but not multivariate analysis (aHR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.0–1.9]; P = .06). Inappropriate initial or definitive antibiotic therapy was not predictive of ESCrE UTI recurrence.

Conclusions
Recurrence of community-onset ESCrE UTI was common and associated with several patient and pathogen-level risk factors. Future studies should evaluate microbial risk factors for recurrence and improve the management of ESCrE UTI.
Introduction and Framework
Authors: Jejeebhoy Shireen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women’s access to education has been recognized as a fundamental right, and increasing their access is among the goals of most developing countries. The benefits of educating women are manifold, ranging from improved productivity, income, and economic development on the national level to a better quality of life on the individual level, notably a healthier and better nourished population and greater autonomy among women. Moreover, educating women is important for all kinds of demographic behaviour, affecting mortality, health, fertility, and contraception.1 In almost every setting, regardless of region, culture, or level of development, well-educated women are observed to have fewer children than do uneducated women.
Women’s Education, Family-Size Preferences, and the Structure of Demand
Authors: Jejeebhoy Shireen J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Five main points emerge regarding the relationship of women’s education to their family-size preferences. Women’s education has a moderate and consistently inverse effect on desired family size; By and large, a small amount of education does not markedly change family-size desires; an upper primary or secondary education is required to set off changes in demand; The strength of the relationship changes over time, although how it changes depends on the context: it becomes stronger over time in countries at early stages of the fertility transition and weaker in countries at later stages; Thresholds appear to fall in high-income countries as compared with low- and middle-income ones; however, the patterns by levels of female literacy and gender disparity in literacy tend to be irregular; After economic status and other covariates are controlled, about half of the gross effect of women’s education on family-size desires remains. What is especially striking in several multivariate studies is the persistence of thresholds: the net effect of education is far more likely to be strong among women with secondary and higher educations than among those with primary schooling.
Rhomboid protease RHBDL4/RHBDD1 cleaves SREBP-1c at endoplasmic reticulum monitoring and regulating fatty acids
Authors: Han Song-Iee , Nakakuki Masanori , Nakagawa Yoshimi , Wang Yunong , Araki Masaya , Yamamoto Yuta , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Takeda Hiroyuki , Mizunoe Yuhei , Motomura Kaori , Ohno Hiroshi , Kainoh Kenta , Murayama Yuki , Aita Yuichi , Takeuchi Yoshinori , Osaki Yoshinori , Miyamoto Takafumi , Sekiya Motohiro , Matsuzaka Takashi , Yahagi Naoya , Sone Hirohito , Daitoku Hiroaki , Sato Ryuichiro , Kawano Hiroyuki , Shimano Hitoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–embedded transcription factors, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), master regulators of lipid biosynthesis, are transported to the Golgi for proteolytic activation to tune cellular cholesterol levels and regulate lipogenesis. However, mechanisms by which the cell responds to the levels of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids remain underexplored. Here, we show that RHBDL4/RHBDD1, a rhomboid family protease, directly cleaves SREBP-1c at the ER. The p97/VCP, AAA-ATPase complex then acts as an auxiliary segregase to extract the remaining ER-embedded fragment of SREBP-1c. Importantly, the enzymatic activity of RHBDL4 is enhanced by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) but inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Genetic deletion of RHBDL4 in mice fed on a Western diet enriched in SFAs and cholesterol prevented SREBP-1c from inducing genes for lipogenesis, particularly for synthesis and incorporation of PUFAs, and secretion of lipoproteins. The RHBDL4-SREBP-1c pathway reveals a regulatory system for monitoring fatty acid composition and maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis.
A quantum-enhanced support vector machine for galaxy classification
Authors: Hassanshahi Mohammad Hassan , Jastrzebski Marcin , Malik Sarah , Lahav Ofer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Galaxy morphology, a key tracer of the evolution of a galaxy’s physical structure, has motivated extensive research on machine learning techniques for efficient and accurate galaxy classification. The emergence of quantum computers has generated optimism about the potential for significantly improving the accuracy of such classifications by leveraging the large dimensionality of quantum Hilbert space. This paper presents a quantum-enhanced support vector machine (SVM) algorithm for classifying galaxies based on their morphology. The algorithm requires the computation of a kernel matrix, a task that is performed on a simulated quantum computer using a quantum circuit conjectured to be intractable on classical computers. The result shows similar performance between classical and quantum-enhanced SVM algorithms. For a training size of 40k, the receiver operating characteristic curve for differentiating ellipticals and spirals has an under-curve area of 0.946 ± 0.005 for both classical and quantum-enhanced algorithms. Additionally, we demonstrate for a small data set that the performance of a noise-mitigated quantum SVM algorithm on a quantum device is in agreement with simulation. Finally, a necessary condition for achieving a potential quantum advantage is presented. This investigation is among the very first applications of quantum machine learning in astronomy and highlights their potential for further application in this field.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities assessment of an aqueous extract of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn (Malvaceae)
Authors: Silué Gniènèfèrètien Nounaféri Awa , Belemlilga Mohamed Bonewendé , Djadji Ayoman Thierry Lenoir , Traoré Kadiatou Tata , Boly Gilchrist Abdoul Laurent , Koala Moumouni , Ouédraogo Noufou , Traoré Aristide , Kouakou-Siransy Gisèle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
In traditional folk medicine, Ceiba pentandra has been used for its anti-diabetic and anti-infective effects. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of the plant’s leaves.

Methods
The anti-oedematous tests with carrageenan and lipoxygenase inhibition assay were carried out concerning anti-inflammatory studies. DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, ABTS+ free radical scavenging assay, and lipid peroxide determination were investigated for antioxidant activities.

Key findings
As a result, C. pentandra extract inhibited edema between 3 and 5 h in the order of 83.07% and 94.09% at 200 kg. b.w. and lipoxygenase enzyme with a percentage of 87.11 ± 3.02%. This study used the lipid peroxidation level as a marker. The results of the lipid peroxidation test show a percentage inhibition of 49.60%, close to Trolox 48.11%, and present a good antioxidant activity compare with the free radical scavenging assay.

Conclusions
The aqueous decoction of C. pentandra leaves has demonstrated anti-inflammatory solid activities as well as lipid peroxidation due to the presence of phytochemical groups of interest such as sterols, polyphenols, quinones, catechin tannins, flavonoids, and saponins.
Reflections on a journey as sleep researcher and geriatric psychiatrist
Authors: Reynolds Charles F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After first recalling the origins of my interest in sleep and dreams at UVa (1969) and my MD thesis at Yale on sleep in mood disorders (1973), I will describe my service to the field of sleep disorders medicine, through various roles in the American Sleep Disorders Association, the Institute of Medicine, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the DSM-5 Task Force of the American Psychiatric Association. I will then present the broad themes of my contributions to psychiatric sleep research, focusing on the neurobiology of sleep as a dimension of the risk and protective architecture for depression in older adults, as a bridge to diagnostic and treatment issues in later-life depression, and to clinical and translational neuroscience addressing the intersections of sleep, aging, and mind/brain health. Throughout this narrative, I highlight many relationships with mentors and mentees. All of my scientific activity has been team-based, providing the social matrix for the physician–scientist I have become.
This paper is part of the Living Legends in Sleep Research series, which is sponsored by Idorsia Pharmaceuticals and Jazz Pharmaceuticals.
Investigating the replacement of carboxylates with carboxamides to modulate the safety and efficacy of platinum(II) thioether cyanide scavengers
Authors: Behymer Matthew M , Mo Huaping , Fujii Naoaki , Suresh Vallabh , Arzumanian Ari S , Chan Adriano , Nath Anjali K , McCain Robyn , MacRae Calum A , Peterson Randall , Boss Gerry R , Davisson Vincent Jo , Knipp Gregory T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cyanide represents a persistent threat for accidental or malicious misuse due to easy conversion into a toxic gas and access to large quantities through several industries. The high safety index of hydroxocobalamin is a cornerstone quality as a cyanide scavenger. Unfortunately, intravenous infusion of hydroxocobalamin limits the utility in a mass casualty setting. We previously reported platinum(II) [Pt(II)] complexes with trans-directing sulfur ligands as an efficacious alternative to hydroxocobalamin when delivered by a bolus intramuscular (IM) injection in mice and rabbits. Thus, to enable Pt(II) as an alternative to hydroxocobalamin, a high safety factor is needed. The objective is to maintain efficacy and mitigate the risk of nephrotoxicity. Platinum amino acid complexes with the ability to form 5- or 6-membered rings and possessing either carboxylates or carboxamides are evaluated in vitro for cyanide scavenging. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in the zebrafish and mice cyanide exposure models. In addition, Pt(II) complex toxicity and pharmacokinetics were evaluated in a cyanide naive Sprague Dawley model. Doses for toxicity are escalated to 5× from the efficacious dose in mice using a body surface area adjustment. The results show the carboxamide ligands display a time and pH dependence on cyanide scavenging in vitro and efficacy in vivo. Additionally, exchanging the carboxylate for carboxamide showed reduced indications of renal injury. A pharmacokinetic analysis of the larger bidentate complexes displayed rapid absorption by IM administration and having similar plasma exposure. These findings point to the importance of pH and ligand structures for methionine carboxamide complexes with Pt(II).
Known phyla dominate the Tara Oceans RNA virome
Authors: Edgar Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A recent study proposed five new RNA virus phyla, two of which, ‘Taraviricota’ and ‘Arctiviricota’, were stated to be ‘dominant in the oceans’. However, the study’s assignments classify 28,353 putative RdRp-containing contigs to known phyla but only 886 (2.8%) to the five proposed new phyla combined. I re-mapped the reads to the contigs, finding that known phyla also account for a large majority (93.8%) of reads according to the study’s classifications, and that contigs originally assigned to ‘Arctiviricota’ accounted for only a tiny fraction (0.01%) of reads from Arctic Ocean samples. Performing my own virus identification and classifications, I found that 99.95 per cent of reads could be assigned to known phyla. The most abundant species was Beihai picorna-like virus 34 (15% of reads), and the most abundant order-like cluster was classified as Picornavirales (45% of reads). Sequences in the claimed new phylum ‘Pomiviricota’ were placed inside a phylogenetic tree for established order Durnavirales with 100 per cent confidence. Moreover, two contigs assigned to the proposed phylum ‘Taraviricota’ were found to have high-identity alignments to dinoflagellate proteins, tentatively identifying this group of RdRp-like sequences as deriving from non-viral transcripts. Together, these results comprehensively contradict the claim that new phyla dominate the data.