bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The approximation of long‐memory processes by an ARMA model
Authors: Basak Gopal K. , Chan Ngai Hang , Palma Wilfredo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA mean square error criterion is proposed in this paper to provide a systematic approach to approximate a long‐memory time series by a short‐memory ARMA(1, 1) process. Analytic expressions are derived to assess the effect of such an approximation. These results are established not only for the pure fractional noise case, but also for a general autoregressive fractional moving average long‐memory time series. Performances of the ARMA(1,1) approximation as compared to using an ARFIMA model are illustrated by both computations and an application to the Nile river series. Results derived in this paper shed light on the forecasting issue of a long‐memory process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk premia and long rates in Ireland
Authors: Cuthbertson Keith , Bredin Don 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing a number of long‐term maturities and monthly data, 1989–1997, we provide a number of tests of the expectations hypothesis (EH) of the term structure. The main insight in this paper is the use of the excess holding period return to provide a proxy for a possible time‐varying term premium. Nearly all previous studies using the VAR methodology have used only the spread and the change in (short) rates and they have ignored the excess holding period return. We find that we cannot reject the EH, but we do reject the presence of time‐varying risk premia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Cross‐Currency Hedging Performance of Implied Versus Statistical Forecasting Models
Authors: Brooks Chris , Chong James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article examines the ability of several models to generate optimal hedge ratios. Statistical models
employed include univariate and multivariate generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic
(GARCH) models, and exponentially weighted and simple moving averages. The variances of the hedged
portfolios derived using these hedge ratios are compared with those based on market expectations implied by the
prices of traded options. One‐month and three‐month hedging horizons are considered for four
currency pairs. Overall, it has been found that an exponentially weighted moving‐average model leads to
lower portfolio variances than any of the GARCH‐based, implied or time‐invariant approaches.
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:1043–1069, 2001
Heterogenic molecular basis for loss of ABL1‐BCR transcription: Deletions in der(9)t(9;22) and variants of standard t(9;22) in BCR‐ABL1‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Loncarevic Ivan F. , Römer Jennifer , Starke Heike , Heller Anita , Bleck Cordula , Ziegler Monika , Fiedler Wolfgang , Liehr Thomas , Clement Joachim H. , Claussen Uwe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the ABL1‐BCR fusion gene in 76 BCR‐ABL1‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients regarding expression as well as genomic status, to assess the frequency of ABL1‐BCR gene deletion in these patients, which has been reported to be an adverse prognostic factor in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive CML. Patients were analyzed for ABL1‐BCR 1b‐b3 and/or 1b‐b4 transcription by RT‐PCR analysis. ABL1‐BCR gene status was analyzed by FISH in 16 CML patients with no ABL1‐BCR transcript. FISH revealed a partial or total deletion of the ABL1‐BCR gene in 9/16 and localized the 5′ portion of ABL1 and the 3′ portion of BCR at separated loci in 5/16 patients. The latter FISH pattern resulted from a nonreciprocal translocation in two and a complex translocation in three individuals. In 2/16 patients, FISH could not exclude an intact ABL1‐BCR fusion gene. Thus, most CML patients without ABL1‐BCR transcript could be characterized cytogenetically to belong to two major subgroups: a silent ABL1‐BCR gene was attributed to a deletion in der(9)t(9;22) in 56% of the investigated patients or to variants of a standard t(9;22) (∼ 31%). Conversely, none of the 50 patients with an ABL1‐BCR transcript exhibited a variant t(9;22) in GTG‐banding analysis. Thus, genomic aberrations such as deletions or complex genomic rearrangements are the basic and most frequent cause for ABL1‐BCR RNA negativity in CML. The heterogeneity of the underlying molecular mechanisms may explain divergent clinical implications described for patients with an ABL1‐BCR deletion and those with no ABL1‐BCR transcript. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor BACH2 is transcriptionally regulated by the BCR/ABL oncogene
Authors: Vieira Sara A.D. , Deininger Michael W.N. , Sorour Amani , Sinclair Paul , Foroni Letizia , Goldman John M. , Melo Junia V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExpression of BCR/ABL, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, is a primary event in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL). Inhibition of the BCR/ABL kinase activity in the BV173 CML cell line with STI571 resulted in a significant overexpression of a 10‐kb novel mRNA, found to be the human ortholog of the murine Bach2, a B‐cell‐specific transcription factor. The human BACH2 cDNA is >9,120 bp long and includes an open reading frame of 2,526 bp encoding a protein with a basic leucine zipper (bZip) and a BTB/POZ domain, mediating DNA‐binding and heterodimerization. BACH2 was consistently upregulated (2–10‐fold) in all 10 Ph+ lymphoid lines tested following BCR/ABL inhibition. In CML myeloid cell lines (n = 8) and BCR/ABL‐negative lines (n = 6), BACH2 was either undetectable by Northern blotting or did not change in response to STI571, suggesting that BACH2 repression by BCR/ABL may be specifically relevant to lymphoid transformation. Quantitative RT/PCR revealed a significantly lower level of BACH2 expression in leukocytes from patients with CML (n = 24) as compared to normal individuals (n = 23) (P < 0.0005). Moreover, CD34+ cells treated in vitro with STI571 exhibited a consistent upregulation of BACH2 in 8 of 10 CMLs but in none of the 9 normal individuals tested. Transcription regulation of BACH2 in BCR/ABL‐positive cells was exerted via the MEK pathways, as shown by their responses to the U0126‐specific inhibitor. Radiation hybrid mapping and FISH revealed that BACH2 is located on chromosome 6, band q15, a region frequently associated with deletions in ALL and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, suggesting its possible role as a tumor suppressor gene. However, no rearrangement or loss of signal was observed by Southern blotting in 34 lymphomas, 10 B‐cell ALLs, or seven reactive lymph nodes. The pattern of BACH2 expression in BCR/ABL‐positive cells suggests that transcriptional repression by this regulator is impaired in CML and may contribute to the emergence of lymphoid blast crisis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intron/Exon organization and polymorphisms of the PLK3/PRK gene in human lung carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Wiest Jonathan , Clark Adam M. , Dai Wei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPLK3/PRK, a conserved polo family protein serine/threonine kinase, plays a significant role at the onset of mitosis and mitotic progression. Recently, PLK3/PRK has been shown to induce apoptosis when overexpressed in cell lines and is also implicated in cell proliferation and tumor development. Forty lung tumor cell lines were used for single‐strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing to examine the mutational status of PLK3/PRK. No missense or nonsense mutations were revealed in the lung carcinoma cell lines examined. However, three polymorphisms were identified as: a G to A at position 720, an A to G at 1053, and a G to C at 1275. Intron/exon boundaries were determined by amplification of genomic DNA with PLK3/PRK exon‐specific primers. The amplification products with increased size relative to the cDNA were sequenced. Fifteen exons throughout the open reading frame were characterized. None of the introns were exceptionally large, typically ranging from 100–300 basepairs in length. These results suggest that although PLK3/PRK expression is downregulated in a majority of lung carcinoma samples, mutational inactivation of the coding sequence of the PLK3/PRK gene appears to be a rare event in lung cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental impact on trans‐acting dosage effects in maize aneuploids
Authors: Cooper Jennifer L. , Birchler James A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The reduction in vigor or viability caused by aneuploidy may be the result of trans‐acting dosage effects that reduce gene expression. To investigate the molecular and developmental parameters of aneuploid syndromes, the expression of sucrose synthase1 (sus1) and shrunken1 (sh1) was studied in 2‐week‐old plants. Expression of sus1 and sh1 was first investigated in euploids, where it was found that both transcripts varied in a diurnal fashion. Chromosome arm number can be varied in a series from one to three doses in maize. In the 14 aneuploid dosage series examined, most caused changes in sus1 and sh1 RNA levels that were both gene and tissue specific. Results were compared to previous data from embryo and endosperm tissue. More dosage effects were detected and the magnitude of RNA level modulation was greater in 2‐week‐old plant tissue. These findings suggest that the molecular consequences of aneuploidy might become more severe as development progresses. genesis 31:64–71, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistological localization of the myelinating cell‐specific receptor LPA1
Authors: Cervera Pascale , Tirard Marilyn , Barron Sonia , Allard Julien , Trottier Suzanne , Lacombe Joëlle , Daumas‐Duport Catherine , Sokoloff Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLPA1 (also termed Edg‐2 or VZG‐1) is a G‐protein–coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid and its gene transcripts have been found selectively expressed by mature myelin‐producing cells. We have raised in rabbit a polyclonal antibody against a sequence unique to LPA1 and common to rat, mouse, and human orthologues. In Western blots, LPA1 immunoreactivity appeared as 44–53 kDa bands in extracts from recombinant RH7777 cells expressing LPA1, mouse purified oligodendrocytes, or human white matter, but not from wild‐type RH7777 cells or purified astrocytes. In glial cultures, LPA1 immunoreactivity was restricted to oligodendrocytes, appeared at cell membrane and processes, colocalized with myelin basic protein, and appeared before myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. In slices of rat and human brains, LPA1 immunoreactivity was found in myelinated tracts, as well as in oligodendrocyte somata and their myelinating fibers. Immunoreactivities of LPA1 and myelin basic protein colocalized in the brain, but oligodendrocyte soma showed stronger signals for LPA1 than myelinated fibers, whereas the reverse was true for myelin basic protein. These results strengthen the view that LPA1 is involved in myelin formation or maintenance. GLIA 38:126–136, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inferior temporal stream for word processing with integrated mnemonic function
Authors: Fernández Guillén , Heitkemper Patrick , Grunwald Thomas , Van Roost Dirk , Urbach Horst , Pezer Niko , Lehnertz Klaus , Elger Christian E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe participation of the inferior temporal cortex in visual word perception and recognition raises several questions: Is there a directed processing stream proceeding anteriorly by continuous cortical processing? How fast are words processed within such an inferior temporal stream? Does this stream support implicit or explicit memory? To answer these questions, we analyzed the spatio‐temporal relationship of event‐related potentials, recorded directly from the inferior temporal cortex in epilepsy patients performing a continuous visual word recognition paradigm. Event‐related potentials elicited an inferior temporal positivity in a strip along the left collateral sulcus. This potential exhibited a linear (r = 0.74) peak latency progression from posterior to anterior inferior temporal regions (≈15 cm/sec), indicating a directed, intracortical processing stream. Peak amplitudes and latencies showed reliable old/new effects with smaller amplitudes and shorter latencies for old as opposed to new words. Although the amplitude‐old/new‐effect occurred for all repeated words (e.g., implicit memory), the latency‐old/new‐effect occurred for correctly recognized old words only (e.g., explicit recognition). These results seem to dissociate two distinct mnemonic processes. The graded decrease of mean ITP peak amplitudes and latencies, however, does not allow us to exclude a single trace model as assumed for explicit recognition memory based on familiarity (Mandler [1980]: Psychol Rev 87:252–271). Regardless whether there is a dissociation between implicit and explicit memory in inferior temporal cortex or not, our findings are in accordance with an integrated inferior temporal processing stream for words that performs continuously semantic and mnemonic operations supporting both implicit and explicit memory. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:251–260, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of unsymmetrical α‐diazo‐β‐diketones with imines: Syntheses of 4H‐1,3‐oxazin‐4‐ones
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Chen Liangbi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCycloaddition reactions of an unsymmetrical α‐diazo‐β‐diketone, 2‐diazo‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione, with a series of imines having various substituents were studied. The results indicated that only cycloadducts derived from acetylphenylketene, which was generated by the thermal Wolff rearrangement of 2‐diazo‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione with phenyl migration, and imines were obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:165–168, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10015
Reductive cleavage of the halogen–phosphorus and sulfur–phosphorus bonds with alkali metals
Authors: Stankiewicz Marek , Nycz Jacek , Rachon Janusz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reduction of thiophosphorus acid chlorides with alkali metals (Na, K) in liq. NH3/THF solution, potassium anthracenide, and potassium naphthalenide was investigated. It was found that these types of phosphorus compounds easily undergo reduction to >PS− anions. It was also demonstrated that >PO− and >PS− anions as well very efficiently undergo sulfurization with elementary sulfur in liquid ammonia to yield >P(O)S− and >P(S)S− anions, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:330–339, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10040
Unusual formation of a thiacyclopent‐2‐ene by the reaction of 4,4′‐dimethoxythiobenzophenone with tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Tsujimoto Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reaction of 4,4′‐dimethoxythiobenzophenone (1a) with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) afforded an unusual type of 2:1 adduct with the structure of thiacyclopent‐2‐ene (5a). On the other hand, the reaction of thiobenzophenone (1b) with TCNE afforded the corresponding thiophene, the normal 2:1 adduct (2b). The mechanism of the formation of 5a is discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:259–262, 2001
Synthesis of 1,3,3a,5‐tetraaryl‐3a,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a] [1,5]benzodiazepines
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Wang Chenbo , Zhang Qihan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of 3a,5‐diaryl‐1,3‐diphenyl‐3a,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a][1,5]benzo‐diazepines was synthesized by the cycloaddition reactions of 2,4‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,5‐benzo‐diazepines and N‐phenylbenzonitrileimine generated from N‐phenylbenzenecarbohydrazonic chloride in the presence of triethylamine in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:557–559, 2001
Provider payment reform in China: the case of hospital reimbursement in Hainan province
Authors: Yip Winnie , Eggleston Karen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper develops a simple model of payment incentives and empirically evaluates provider payment reform in Hainan Province, China. We use a pre‐post study design with a control group to analyse two years of claims data to assess the impact of a January 1997 change to prospective payment for a sub‐sample of the hospitals. This difference‐in‐difference empirical strategy allows us to isolate the supply‐side payment reform effects from demand‐side changes, in contrast with previous studies of China's reforms. Our results validate the theory that Chinese providers' behavioural response to payment incentives is similar to that reported in the literature derived from the experience of industrialized countries. We find that prepayment is associated with a slower rate of growth of overall expenditures, programme spending and patient co‐payments per inpatient admission, compared to fee‐for‐service (FFS). These findings suggest cautious optimism regarding the effectiveness of prospective payment for controlling costs and should be encouraging for policymakers in developing and transitional economies considering replacement of FFS with more aggregated forms of provider payment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating an EQ‐5D population value set: the case of Japan
Authors: Tsuchiya Aki , Ikeda Shunya , Ikegami Naoki , Nishimura Shuzo , Sakai Ikuro , Fukuda Takashi , Hamashima Chisato , Hisashige Akinori , Tamura Makoto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuality adjustment weights for quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) are available with the EQ‐5D Instrument, which are based on a survey that quantified the preferences of the British public. However, the extent to which this British value set is applicable to other, especially non‐European, countries is yet unclear. The objectives of this study are (a) to compare the valuations obtained in Japan and Britain, and (b) to explore a local Japanese value set. A diminished study design is employed, where 17 hypothetical EQ‐5D health states are evaluated as opposed to 42 in the British study. The official Japanese version of the instrument and the Time Trade‐Off method are used to interview 543 members of the public. The results are: firstly, the evaluations obtained in Japan and those from Britain differ by 0.24 on average on a [−1, +1] scale, and mean absolute error (MAE) in predicting the Japanese preferences with the British value set is 0.23. Secondly, comparable regressions suggest that the two peoples have systematically different preference structures (p<0.001 for 8 of 12 coefficients; F‐test). Thirdly, using alternative models, the predictions are improved so that the local Japanese value set achieves MAE in the order of 0.01. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic instability in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Friedlander Paul L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIn the normal host, there are a variety of cellular systems that ensure the accurate replication and repair of DNA. Recent evidence suggests that there are individual variations in the ability to preserve the genome. Certain individuals have defects in these checkpoints and have an inherent genomic instability. They are susceptible to the accumulation of DNA damage and are prone to carcinogenesis. This article examines the role of genomic instability in the development of head and neck cancer.ResultsPatients with either the chromosomal instability syndromes or the Li‐Fraumeni syndrome have marked defects in either DNA repair or apoptosis. These patients are prone to have head and neck neoplasms develop. Head and neck cancer patients also have a diminished ability to repair DNA damage compared with the “normal” population. Abnormalities have been identified in mutagen sensitivity, the expression of DNA mismatch repair enzymes, the expression of p53, and telomerase activity when head and neck cancer patients are compared with controls.ConclusionSubpopulations exist who have increased genomic instability. These individuals are at an increased risk for the accumulation of DNA mutations and the development of head and neck cancer. More research is needed to identify specific mechanisms of genomic instability and to further define the importance of this phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 683–691, 2001.
Effects of performance‐based reimbursement on the professional autonomy and power of physicians and the quality of care
Authors: Forsberg Ewa , Axelsson Runo , Arnetz Bengt 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe key question addressed in this study is whether performance‐based reimbursement in health care affects the professional power and autonomy of physicians, and if so, whether this has any consequences for the quality of care. This cohort study examines the period 1994–98 in 11 Swedish county councils. Four hundred and eighteen physicians were studied in Stockholm County Council, which has a performance‐based reimbursement system, and in ten councils without such a system. The results show that professional power and autonomy are considered to be very limited in all councils, and that they have decreased during the period studied. Professional autonomy is, however, more limited in Stockholm. The limitations in Stockholm are more related to financial considerations, whereas the limitations in the other councils are more due to guidelines and lists of recommended drugs. Professional autonomy and power were found to be important determinants for quality of care, and the physicians in Stockholm estimated the quality of care lower than their colleagues in the ten other councils. Thus, our study suggests that the performance‐based reimbursement system might fail to reach the desired results due to its negative impact on professional power and autonomy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the superheated steam cycle of a PWR secondary system
Authors: Wu Cunzhen , Xiao Jie , Qin Yuehui 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe impacts of variations of turbine exhaust steam wetness, live steam parameters, and the turbine sectional pressure ratio on the thermodynamic efficiency of the saturated steam cycle in a PWR secondary system are analyzed. The effects of live steam parameters and turbine sectional pressure ratio on the thermodynamic efficiency and the turbine exhaust steam wetness for the superheated steam cycle are also investigated. The optimum ranges of operating parameters are proposed based on the comparison of the performance of the superheated steam cycle with that of the saturated steam cycle. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(3): 185–194, 2001
Statistical self‐similarity of spatial variations of snow cover: verification of the hypothesis and application in the snowmelt runoff generation models
Authors: Kuchment L. S. , Gelfan A. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn analysis of snow cover measurement data in a number of physiographic regions and landscapes has shown that fields of snow cover characteristics can be considered as random fields with homogeneous increments and that these fields exhibit statistical self‐similarity. A physically based distributed model of snowmelt runoff generation developed for the Upper Kolyma River basin (the catchment area is about 100 000 km2) has been used to estimate the sensitivity of snowmelt dynamics over the basin and flood hydrographs to the parameterization of subgrid effects based on the hypothesis of statistical self‐similarity of the maximum snow water equivalent fields. Such parameterization of subgrid effects enables us to improve the description of snowmelt dynamics both within subgrid areas and over the entire river basin. The snowmelt flood hydrographs appear less sensitive to the self‐similarity of snow cover over subgrid areas than to the dynamics of snowmelt because of a too large catchment area of the basin under consideration. However, for certain hydrometeorological conditions and for small river basins this effect may lead to significant changes of the calculated hydrographs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.