bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Many Are Too Many? Analyzing Dockless Bike-Sharing Systems with a Parsimonious Model
Authors: Zheng Hongyu , Zhang Kenan , Nie Yu (Marco) , Yan Pengyu , Qu Yuan 
Published: October 2023

Using a parsimonious model, this paper analyzes a dockless bike-sharing (DLB) service that competes with walking and a generic motorized mode. The DLB operator chooses a fleet size and a fare schedule that dictate the level of service (LOS) as measured by the access time or the walking time taken to reach the nearest bike location. The market equilibrium is formulated as a solution to a nonlinear equation system over which three counterfactual design problems are defined to maximize (i) profit, (ii) ridership, or (iii) social welfare. The model is calibrated with empirical data collected in Chengdu, China, and all three counterfactual designs are tested against the status quo. We show the LOS of a DLB system is subject to rapidly diminishing returns to the investment on the fleet. Thus, under the monopoly setting considered herein, the current fleet cap set by Chengdu can be cut by up to three quarters even when the DLB operator aims to maximize ridership. This indicates the city’s fleet cap decision might have been misguided by the prevailing conditions of a competitive yet highly inefficient market. For a regulator seeking to influence the DLB operator for social good, the choice of policy instruments depends on the operator’s objective. When the operator focuses on profit, limiting fare is much more effective than limiting fleet size. If, instead, it aims to grow market share, then setting a limit on fleet size becomes a dominant strategy. We also show, both analytically and numerically, that the ability to achieve a stable LOS with a low rebalancing frequency is critical to profitability. A lower rebalancing frequency always rewards users with cheaper fares and better LOS even for a profit-maximizing operator. Funding: This research was partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI 1922665] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71971044]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0304 .
Interpretable inverse-designed cavity for on-chip nonlinear photon pair generation
Authors: Jia Zhetao , Qarony Wayesh , Park Jagang , Hooten Sean , Wen Difan , Zhiyenbayev Yertay , Seclì Matteo , Redjem Walid , Dhuey Scott , Schwartzberg Adam , Yablonovitch Eli , Kanté Boubacar 
Published: October 2023

Inverse design is a powerful tool in wave physics for compact, high-performance devices. To date, applications in photonics have mostly been limited to linear systems and it has rarely been investigated or demonstrated in the nonlinear regime. In addition, the “black box” nature of inverse design techniques has hindered the understanding of optimized inverse-designed structures. We propose an inverse design method with interpretable results to enhance the efficiency of on-chip photon generation rate through nonlinear processes by controlling the effective phase-matching conditions. We fabricate and characterize a compact, inverse-designed device using a silicon-on-insulator platform that allows a spontaneous four-wave mixing process to generate photon pairs at a rate of 1.1 MHz with a coincidence to accidental ratio of 162. Our design method accounts for fabrication constraints and can be used for scalable quantum light sources in large-scale communication and computing applications.
MAPPinfo ‐ mapping quality of health information: Validation study of an assessment instrument
Authors: Kasper Jürgen , Lühnen Julia , Hinneburg Jana , Siebenhofer Andrea , Posch Nicole , Berger-Höger Birte , Grafe Alexander , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Steckelberg Anke 
Published: October 2023

Background
Health information is a prerequisite for informed choices–decisions, made by individuals about their own health based on knowledge and in congruence with own preferences. Criteria for development, content and design have been defined in a corresponding guideline. However, no instruments exist that provide reasonably operationalised measurement items. Therefore, we drafted the checklist, MAPPinfo, addressing the existing criteria with 19 items.

Objectives
The current study aimed to validate MAPPinfo.

Methods
Five substudies were conducted subsequently at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany and the Medical University of Graz, Austria: (1) to determine content validity through expert reviews of the first draft, (2) to determine feasibility using ‘think aloud’ in piloting with untrained users, (3) to determine inter-rater reliability and criterion validity through a pretest on 50 health information materials, (4) to determine construct validity using 50 developers’ self-declarations about development methods as a reference standard, (5) to determine divergent validity in comparison with the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) (expanded) Scale. The analyses used were qualitative methods and correlation-based methods for determining both inter-rater reliability and validity.

Results
The instrument was considered by experts to operationalise the existing guidelines convincingly. Health and nursing science students found it easy to understand and use. It also had good interrater reliability (mean of T coefficients = .79) and provided a very good estimate of the reference standard (Spearman’s rho = .89), implying sound construct validity. Finally, comparison with the EQIP instrument revealed important and distinct areas of similarities and differences.

Conclusions
The new instrument is ready for use as a screening instrument without the need for training. According to its underpinning concept the instrument exclusively comprises items which are justified by either ethics or research evidence, implying negligence of not yet evidence based, however, potentially important criteria. Further research is needed to complete the body of evidence-based criteria, aiming at an extension of the guideline and MAPPinfo.

Trial registration number
AsPredicted22546; date of registration: 24 July 2019.
Information provision and decision-making in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: A qualitative study of patient experience
Authors: Lecouturier Jan , Stansby Gerry , Thomson Richard G. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Shared decision making (SDM) refers to patients and health care professionals working together to reach a decision about treatment/care. In abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treatment options are influenced by patients’ clinical characteristics, their preferences, and potential trade-offs between alternative interventions. This is a prime example of where SDM is essential to ensure the right decision is made for the right patient, yet we have little understanding of what happens in practice. This study explored patient experiences to understand SDM practice in AAA surgery.

Methods
We used a qualitative approach to describe, and identify improvements to, current treatment decision making in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery. Two groups of patients were interviewed: those at the point of discussing treatment options (with corresponding digitally recorded consultation data) and following surgical intervention from one hospital. Framework analysis was used.

Results
Fifteen patients were interviewed, seven at the point of discussing treatment options and eight following surgical intervention. Timing, format and sources of information, verbal framing of interventions and level of patient engagement were key themes. Four areas for improvement were identified: earlier provision and more detailed written information along with signposting to quality on-line information; both intervention options, risks, benefits, and consequences, were not always discussed; some clinicians were somewhat directive in the decision-making process; and patients’ treatment values/preferences were not explored–the only example was in one of the eight recorded consultations. Patients could feel overwhelmed by the information and decision and fearful of the impending surgery.

Conclusions
More emphasis should be placed on the provision of full information and the exploration of patient values and preferences for treatment. Clinician training and support for patients, including decision aids, could facilitate the decision-making process. Providing written information earlier and guidance on reliable on-line resources would benefits patients and their families.
Learning Languages without Humans:
Authors: Chan Rachel Suet Kay 
Published: October 2023

Context: In the era of online learning, institutions, instructors, and students are presented with an array of technological advancments, which they can use for personal learning, heutagogy, or autodidacticism at their own convenience.
Problem: Can you learn a new language entirely on your own, without meeting people directly?
Method: Quasi-experiment & autoethnography.
Solution: Based on my experience, I offer this roadmap with the inclusion of possibilities of free to use learning apps, and suggested syllabus for autodidacts seeking to level up or upskill, for learning a language, in this case French.
Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Cao Xuan , He Qiaowei , Ding Mingzeng , Kong Wei , Yin Changyou , Zhao Wei , Wang Yanbin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Meningiomas are extra-axial neoplasms that originate from the arachnoid cap cells located on the inner surface of the meninges. Approximately 36% of central nervous system tumors are meningiomas. Based on earlier findings to be benign in most cases, they are categorized as slow-growing tumors that form gradually over time. Meningiomas are usually asymptomatic and discovered inadvertently. They rarely present with immediate clinical symptoms or abrupt hemorrhagic strokes. However, tumor hemorrhage can be fatal in high-grade meningiomas, particularly those with vascularization. We describe a 58-year-old man who was hospitalized after experiencing an unexpectedly acute headache. The right cerebellar hemisphere and vermis cerebellar hemorrhage were detected on computed tomography (CT), and the cerebellar hemorrhage was explained by a diagnosis of hypertension. When additional analysis of the patient’s chest CT indicated lung mass lesions, we assumed that the lung cancer had spread to the brain. However, the pathological outcomes of a guided definite pulmonary aspiration biopsy, in conjunction with resection of the cerebellar tumor, suggested a subtentorial meningioma with ruptured hemorrhage and pulmonary meningioma metastasis. The patient was transferred to a hospital closer to home for ongoing follow-up and, after 2 months, he had recovered well.
Precise glucose measurement in sodium fluoride-citrate plasma affects estimates of prevalence in diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Heilmann Geronimo , Trenkamp Sandra , Möser Clara , Bombrich Maria , Schön Martin , Yurchenko Iryna , Strassburger Klaus , Rodríguez Marcos Matabuena , Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Burkart Volker , Wagner Robert , Roden Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Estimates of glucose concentrations vary among types of blood samples, which impact on the assessment of diabetes prevalence. Guidelines recommend a conversion factor to calculate plasma glucose from measurements of glucose in whole blood. The American Diabetes Association recommends the use of blood drawing tubes containing sodium fluoride (NaF) and citrate, which have not yet been evaluated regarding possible differences in glucose concentration and conversion factors. Thus, we compared glucose measurements in NaF-citrate plasma and venous whole blood and estimated the impact of differences on diabetes and prediabetes prevalence.

Methods
Glucose differences were calculated by Bland-Altman analysis with pairwise comparison of glucose measurements from whole blood and NaF-citrate plasma (n=578) in clinical studies of the German Diabetes Center. Subsequently, we computed the impact of the glucose difference on diabetes and prediabetes prevalence in the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Results
Even upon conversion of whole blood to plasma glucose concentrations using the recommended conversion factor, mean glucose concentration difference remained 4.72 % higher in NaF-citrate plasma. Applying the higher glucose estimates, increases the population-based diabetes and prediabetes prevalence by 13.67 and 33.97 % or more than 7.2 and 13 million people in NHANES, respectively. Additional economic burden could be about 20 $ billion per year due to undiagnosed diabetes.

Conclusions
The recommended conversion factor is not valid for NaF-citrate plasma. Systematic bias of glucose measurements due to sampling type leads to clinically relevant higher estimates of diabetes and prediabetes prevalence.
Intra-operative test electrode and electrical auditory brainstem response after preoperative assessment in cochlear implant candidacy
Authors: Polterauer Daniel , Mandruzzato Giacomo , Neuling Maike , Polak Marek , Müller Joachim , Hempel John Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Over the last years, in doubt of cochlear implant (CI) candidacy, assessment of excitability of the auditory nerve is performed with pre-operative tests. These tests are the pre-operative (pre-op.) performed electrical auditory brainstem (EABR) and the late response (EALR) recorded with trans-tympanic promontory stimulation in local anesthesia. But in some cases after such preoperative tests there is still doubt about the excitability of the auditory pathway. The most reliable EABR is recorded with using stimulation via the CI. However, before CI implantation,, an intra-cochlear test electrode could be used in order to achieve similar EABR results. Methods: In doubtful cases of patients who underwent pre-op. EABR, we performed EABR by a test electrode, part of the auditory nerve test system. This measurement was used to confirm the pre-operative results just before CI implantation. Additionally, EABR using CI stimulation was performed intra-operatively right after the CI implantation to confirm EABR using the test stimulation electrode results. Results: Six subjects were included in this study. They were tested by pre-op. EABR (n=6), pre-op. EALR (n=5), intra-op. EABR using test electrode (n=6), intraop. EABR via CI (n=6), and post-op. EABR (n=2), and postop. EALR (n=2). In two cases, intra-operative EABR showed a positive, i.e. clearly measureable, response whereas there was a doubtful response in pre-op. EABR. Intra-op. EABRs (test electrode and CI stimulation) showed the same results in all cases. Waveforms of EABR using test electrode look similar to EABR using CI stimulation but with more defined peaks compare to the pre-op. EABR. In one case with all-over positive EABR, pre-op. EALR, and post-operative EALR were matching. Conclusion: Intra-op. EABR using test electrode was easy to record and it shows similar results to EABR using CI stimulation. Intra-op. EABR using test electrode may help in confirming the results of not clear preop. EABR with a minimal increase in recording time.
Out of the mouths of babes: children and the formation of the Río de la Plata Spanish address system
Authors: Moyna María Irene , Sanz-Sánchez Israel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effects of child language acquisition as a critical factor in a morphological change, namely, the replacement of the etymologically singular second person paradigm (tuteo) by its plural counterpart (voseo) in 19th century Río de la Plata Spanish. The account applies a sociohistorical model which proposes that young children can function as language change agents in environments characterized by unpredictable input variation, lack of normative mechanisms, and the emergence of peer networks among young learners. The model is then applied to explain the rapid generalization of voseo in the late 1800s, a well-documented but poorly understood process. This change was nestled in an environment characterized by the rapid breakdown and reshaping of social networks through country-to-city migration and massive immigration, and by the resulting contact between L1 and L2 speakers of Iberian and non-Iberian varieties. Our account hypothesizes that successive cohorts of children actuated the various stages of this change, by relying on child language acquisition biases in the learning of verbal morphology observed across Romance varieties. This study combines archival evidence and sociohistorical information with present-day acquisitional data. The latter offers a piece often missing in sociohistorical accounts of language change.
Legitimation Crisis: Notes on Benjamin Buchloh’s Method
Authors: Spaulding Daniel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article seeks to determine the basis for judgments on works of art in the writings of the art historian and critic Benjamin Buchloh. I argue that Buchloh’s judgments are not Kantian aesthetic judgments, nor are they consequentialist moral or political judgments as to the positive or negative effects of artworks. Rather, Buchloh’s judgments are based upon an implicit principle of ‘legitimacy’ or ‘credibility’ that is distinct from the mere possibility of specific artistic practices. I identify several factors that, for Buchloh, are involved in determining the legitimacy of any work of art. In the process I highlight apparent contradictions that result from Buchloh’s rhetoric, specifically his tendency to conflate constitutive conditions of possibility with normative value judgments. For Buchloh, it is only through a successful negotiation of these factors that an artwork succeeds in constituting itself as a meaningful ‘enunciation’ within the structuring system of artistic practice at a given moment.
Rapid Processing of Observed Touch through Social Perceptual Brain Regions: An EEG-fMRI Fusion Study
Authors: Lee Masson Haemy , Isik Leyla 
Published: October 2023

Seeing social touch triggers a strong social-affective response that involves multiple brain networks, including visual, social perceptual, and somatosensory systems. Previous studies have identified the specific functional role of each system, but little is known about the speed and directionality of the information flow. Is this information extracted via the social perceptual system or from simulation from somatosensory cortex? To address this, we examined the spatiotemporal neural processing of observed touch. Twenty-one human participants (seven males) watched 500-ms video clips showing social and nonsocial touch during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Visual and social-affective features were rapidly extracted in the brain, beginning at 90 and 150 ms after video onset, respectively. Combining the EEG data with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from our prior study with the same stimuli reveals that neural information first arises in early visual cortex (EVC), then in the temporoparietal junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ/pSTS), and finally in the somatosensory cortex. EVC and TPJ/pSTS uniquely explain EEG neural patterns, while somatosensory cortex does not contribute to EEG patterns alone, suggesting that social-affective information may flow from TPJ/pSTS to somatosensory cortex. Together, these findings show that social touch is processed quickly, within the timeframe of feedforward visual processes, and that the social-affective meaning of touch is first extracted by a social perceptual pathway. Such rapid processing of social touch may be vital to its effective use during social interaction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSeeing physical contact between people evokes a strong social-emotional response. Previous research has identified the brain systems responsible for this response, but little is known about how quickly and in what direction the information flows. We demonstrated that the brain processes the social-emotional meaning of observed touch quickly, starting as early as 150 ms after the stimulus onset. By combining electroencephalogram (EEG) data with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we show for the first time that the social-affective meaning of touch is first extracted by a social perceptual pathway and followed by the later involvement of somatosensory simulation. This rapid processing of touch through the social perceptual route may play a pivotal role in effective usage of touch in social communication and interaction.
Akkermansia muciniphila induces slow extramedullary hematopoiesis via cooperative IL‐1R/TLR signals
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Morishima Tatsuya , Sezaki Maiko , Sato Ryo , Nakato Gaku , Fukuda Shinji , Kobiyama Kouji , Ishii Ken J , Li Yuhua , Takizawa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBacterial infections can activate and mobilize hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the bone marrow (BM) to the spleen, a process termed extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). Recent studies suggest that commensal bacteria regulate not only the host immune system but also hematopoietic homeostasis. However, the impact of gut microbes on hematopoietic pathology remains unclear. Here, we find that systemic single injections of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. m.), a mucin‐degrading bacterium, rapidly activate BM myelopoiesis and slow but long‐lasting hepato‐splenomegaly, characterized by the expansion and differentiation of functional HSPCs, which we term delayed EMH. Mechanistically, delayed EMH triggered by A. m. is mediated entirely by the MYD88/TRIF innate immune signaling pathway, which persistently stimulates splenic myeloid cells to secrete interleukin (IL)‐1α, and in turn, activates IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1R)‐expressing splenic HSPCs. Genetic deletion of Toll‐like receptor‐2 and ‐4 (TLR2/4) or IL‐1α partially diminishes A. m.‐induced delayed EMH, while inhibition of both pathways alleviates splenomegaly and EMH. Our results demonstrate that cooperative IL‐1R‐ and TLR‐mediated signals regulate commensal bacteria‐driven EMH, which might be relevant for certain autoimmune disorders.
Penerapan Quantum Learning dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis di Kepas II Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nurjannah Afifatun , Arifin Fatkhul 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa kelas II melalui penerapan Quantum Learning. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dengan langkah-langkah perencanaan dan pelakasanaan observasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Islam Al Hikmah. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 2.1 Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020, yang berjumlah 22 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar tes tulis, dan lembar observasi yang terdiri dari lembar observasi guru dan lembar observasi siswa. Validasi lembar observasi ditentukan melalui Judgement Ahli. Berdasarkan hasil tes tulis, observasi guru dan siswa selama proses kegiatan belajar mengajar pada siklus I belum seluruhnya sesuai dengan langkah-langkah Quantum Learning, dengan rata-rata presentasi 66,7% dengan kategori tinggi. Sedangkan pada siklus II seluruh aktivitas pembelajaran sudah sesuai dengan langkah-langkah Quantum Learning dan menunjukkan kategori sangat baik dengan rata-rata 91,4%. Dengan hasil observasi tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan Quantum Learning mampu meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis siswa kelas II SD Islam Al Hikmah.