bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of computed tomography‐derived estimated liver volume/standard liver volume ratio for predicting the prognosis of adult fulminant hepatic failure in Japan
Authors: YAMAGISHI YOSHIYUKI , SAITO HIDETSUGU , TADA SHINICHIRO , HORIE YOSHINORI , KATO SHINZO , ISHII HIROMASA , SHIMOJIMA NAOKI , HAGA JUNKO , SHIMAZU MOTOHIDE , KITAJIMA MASAKI , HIBI TOSHIFUMI 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The prognosis of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) has been improved but is still unsatisfactory, and liver atrophy has been reported as a poor prognostic factor for this disease. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of the estimated liver volume (ELV) compared to the standard liver volume (SLV) in patients with FHF.Methods:  Estimated liver volume of 24 adult patients with FHF receiving artificial liver support (ALS) was measured by using computed tomography. Actual liver weight (ALW) was measured if possible, and the calculated ELV/SLV ratio was compared to the ALW/SLV ratio and the ALW/BW (bodyweight) ratio. Sequential ELV/SLV ratios during the clinical course were analyzed in relation to the prognosis.Results:  The ELV/SLV ratio was significantly correlated with both the ALW/SLV and ALW/BW ratios. The mean ALW/SLV ratio of patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was 0.59 ± 0.17. The mean ELV/SLV ratio at the time of starting ALS (day 0) in the patients who survived (group 1) was 1.081 ± 0.183, but that of cases who underwent LDLT or died without LDLT (group 2) was 0.764 ± 0.255. The mean ELV/SLV ratios were 1.084 ± 0.222 and 0.650 ± 0.195 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, 5 days after starting ALS (day 5). Among the group 2 patients, those who had no liver atrophy on day 0 had a significantly decreased ELV/SLV ratio on day 5.Conclusions:  These results suggest that the ELV/SLV ratio is a very useful objective marker to estimate liver atrophy and this marker reflects the prognosis of FHF patients very well.
Severity of atrophic gastritis related to antiparietal cell antibody and gastric carcinogenesis, including p53 mutations
Authors: TAGUCHI AYUMU , OHMIYA NAOKI , ITOH AKIHIRO , HIROOKA YOSHIKI , NIWA YASUMASA , MORI NAOYOSHI , GOTO HIDEMI 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been linked to atrophic gastritis, an inflammatory precursor of non‐cardia gastric carcinoma. Mutations in the p53 gene are one of the most frequent genetic alterations in gastric carcinoma. In a subgroup of atrophic gastritis, antiparietal cell antibody (APCA) has been detected. This study was aimed to clarify the role of APCA in the progression of atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis, and to determine the relationship of the severity of atrophic gastritis to gastric carcinoma and to p53 mutations.Methods:  In 494 control subjects and 284 gastric carcinoma patients, serum APCA was evaluated and all subjects and patients were classified into four groups using serologic markers (anti‐Hp IgG antibody and pepsinogen (PG) test: positive; PG I < 70 µg/L and PG I/II ratio < 3.0) as follows: A, HP– PG–; B, HP+ PG–; C, HP+ PG+ and D, HP– PG+. p53 mutations were analyzed in 174 of 284 patients.Results:  Antiparietal cell antibody seropositivity increased from group B to D, however, no difference in its positivity was found between controls and patients. The incidence of gastric carcinoma increased from A to D, especially the intestinal subtype. The frequency of p53 gene mutations was higher in PG+ than in PG– gastric carcinoma.Conclusions:  Antiparietal cell antibody seropositivity is involved in the progression of a subgroup of atrophic gastritis, but not associated with gastric carcinogenesis. Severe atrophic gastritis is associated with susceptibility to gastric carcinoma, especially the intestinal subtype, and p53 mutations.
Factors predicting successful outcome following neostigmine therapy in acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction: A prospective study
Authors: MEHTA RAJIV , JOHN ANIL , NAIR PREM , VV RAJ , CP MUSTAFA , SUVARNA DEEPAK , V BALAKRISHNAN 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAim:  To evaluate predictors of neostigmine response in patients with acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction.Methods:  Twenty‐seven patients with acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction were enrolled in the study. All patients had received initial conservative management such as nil orally, nasogastric suction, rectal tube placement and correction of electrolyte imbalance for the first 24 h. Those who did not resolve with conservative management received 2 mg neostigmine intravenously. The same dose was repeated after 24 h in patients who did not response to the first dose (initial non‐responders), or in those patients who relapsed after an initial response (initial responders). All non‐responders to neostigmine underwent colonoscopic decompression followed by 2 mg neostigmine infusion for 30 min. A sustained response was defined as the resolution of symptoms and colonic dilatation on a plain radiograph.Results:  The study enrolled 27 patients; 18 were male (67%), and the median age was 60 years (range 18–78 years). Eight (30%) patients had spontaneous resolution. Initial response with neostigmine was observed in 16 (84%) patients, of which 10 (63%) had a sustained response. Nine patients (three initial non‐responders and six initial responders) had received a second dose of neostigmine. A sustained response was seen only in five initial responders. Four patients who did not respond to neostigmine underwent colonoscopic decompression followed by neostigmine infusion and had a sustained response. Neostigmine responders were more likely to be postoperative patients (11 of 15 (73%) vs one of four (25%), P = 0.07), less likely to have electrolyte imbalance and to be on antimotility agents (three of 15 (20%) vs four of four (100%), P = 0.009 and two of 15 (13%) vs four of four (100%), P = 0.003).Conclusions:  Electrolyte imbalance and usage of anti‐motility agents are factors associated with a poor response, while postoperative patients showing good response to neostigmine therapy.
Specificity and characteristics of learning disabilities
Authors: Eisenmajer Natasha , Ross Nola , Pratt Chris 
Published: September 2005

Background:  The specificity of impairments in specific reading disabilities (SRD) and specific language impairments (SLI) has recently been questioned, with many children recruited for studies of SRD and SLI demonstrating impairments in both reading and oral language development. This has implications for the results of SRD and SLI studies where both reading and oral language skills are not assessed. Thus there is a need to compare the profiles of children with both oral language and reading impairments to groups of children with SRD and SLI.Methods:  The reading, oral language, short‐term auditory memory, phonological processing, spelling, and maths abilities of 151 children (aged between 7 and 12 years) drawn from a Learning Disabilities Clinic were assessed.Results:  Five groups were identified, including children who demonstrated either a specific reading disability or a specific language impairment and children who showed evidence of both reading and oral language impairments. Differences were found between the groups on maths, phonological processing, short‐term auditory memory, and spelling measures, with the children displaying both language and reading deficits generally performing at a lower level than the children with specific reading or language deficits.Conclusions:  It was concluded that more careful screening needs to be conducted in both clinical and research settings to accurately identify the nature of deficits in children with reading and oral language difficulties. Furthermore, a third and separate category of children with a mixed pattern of impairments needs to be considered.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with reading disabilities: preliminary genetic findings on the involvement of the ADRA2A gene
Authors: Stevenson J. , Langley K. , Pay H. , Payton A. , Worthington J. , Ollier W. , Thapar A. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) tend to co‐occur and quantitative genetic studies have shown this to arise primarily through shared genetic influences. However, molecular genetic studies have shown different genes to be associated with each of these conditions. Neurobiological studies have implicated noradrenergic function in the aetiology of ADHD that is comorbid with RD. This paper examines the neurobiological evidence and presents preliminary testing of the hypothesis that the ADRA2A receptor gene is contributing to ADHD and comorbid RD.Methods:  One hundred and fifty‐two children (140 boys, 12 girls) of British Caucasian origin, aged between 6 and 13 years and with a diagnosis of ADHD, were recruited. The children's reading ability was tested. Children were identified as having ADHD or ADHD plus RD (n = 82). DNA was available for 110 parent child trios and 42 parent child duos. Genotyping was undertaken for an ADRA2A polymorphism.Results:  For those with ADHD plus RD there was evidence of association with the alpha 2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) polymorphism with the G allele being preferentially transmitted.Conclusions:  The preliminary evidence together with other neurobiological research findings suggests that the ADRA2A gene may contribute to comorbid ADHD and RD and needs to be properly examined.
Linkage of speech sound disorder to reading disability loci
Authors: Smith Shelley D. , Pennington Bruce F. , Boada Richard , Shriberg Lawrence D. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Speech sound disorder (SSD) is a common childhood disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate errors in speech production that greatly reduce intelligibility. SSD has been found to be associated with later reading disability (RD), and there is also evidence for both a cognitive and etiological overlap between the two disorders. The present study tested whether SSD is linked to replicated risk loci for RD.Method:  One hundred and eleven probands with SSD and their 76 siblings were tested with measures of speech, phonological memory (Nonword Repetition – NWR), and phonological awareness and genotyped for linkage markers on chromosomes 1p36, 6p22, and 15q21. Both single point and multipoint linkage were tested with multiple methods.Results:  The speech and NWR phenotypes were linked to the RD loci on chromosomes 6 and 15, with suggestive results for the RD locus on chromosome 1.Conclusions:  It now appears that several RD loci are pleiotropic for SSD, extending the findings of Stein et al. (2004) for the RD locus on Chromosome 3.
Sensory Experiences Questionnaire: discriminating sensory features in young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development
Authors: Baranek Grace T. , David Fabian J. , Poe Michele D. , Stone Wendy L. , Watson Linda R. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  This study describes a new caregiver‐report assessment, the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), and explicates the nature of sensory patterns of hyper‐ and hyporesponsiveness, their prevalence, and developmental correlates in autism relative to comparison groups.Method:  Caregivers of 258 children in five diagnostic groups (Autism, PDD, DD/MR, Other DD, Typical) ages 5–80 months completed the SEQ.Results:  The SEQ's internal consistency was α′ = .80. Prevalence of overall sensory symptoms for the Autism group was 69%. Sensory symptoms were inversely related to mental age. The Autism group had significantly higher symptoms than either the Typical or DD groups and presented with a unique pattern of response to sensory stimuli –hyporesponsiveness in both social and nonsocial contexts. A pattern of hyperresponsiveness was similar in the Autism and DD groups, but significantly greater in both clinical groups than in the Typical group.Conclusion:  The SEQ was able to characterize sensory features in young children with autism, and differentiate their sensory patterns from comparison groups. These unique sensory patterns have etiological implications, as well as relevance for assessment and intervention practices.
Comparison of host response to polypropylene and non‐cross‐linked porcine small intestine serosal‐derived collagen implants in a rat model
Authors: Konstantinovic Maja L. , Lagae Pieter , Zheng Fang , Verbeken Eric K. , De Ridder Dirk , Deprest Jan A. 
Published: September 2005

Objective  To compare the host response, architectural integration and tensile strength of polypropylene and porcine small intestine submucosa‐derived implants in a rat model.Design  Experimental study.Setting  Center for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.Sample  Forty‐eight adult male Wistar rats weighing 220–250 g randomised to receive either implant.Methods  Full thickness abdominal wall defects were primarily repaired with polypropylene mesh (Marlex) (MX group) or porcine small intestine submucosa (Surgisis) (SIS group). Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 30 and 90 days after implantation.Main outcome measures  The presence of herniation, infection and intra‐peritoneal adhesions. Change in thickness and tensile strength of implant. Histopathological and immunohistochemical appearances of inflammatory response and collagen deposition.Results  Implants from the SIS group showed a short term increase in thickness in the first 14 days. Formation of adhesions was significantly more intense in the MX group at 30 days, and more extensive in the SIS group at 90 days. Tensile strength increased over time in both groups but was significantly lower in the SIS group than the MX group at 30 days. Implants in the MX group showed a more pronounced inflammatory response and more pronounced new vessel formation than the SIS group. Collagen formation was initially more fibrous and better organised in the MX group but became greater in the SIS group at 90 days.Conclusions  Biologically derived implant material induced a less pronounced inflammatory response and differences in collagen deposition. At 30 days tensile strength was weaker in the biological implant group but was equivalent by 90 days. These differences may have implications for the in vivo performance of the materials.
Intracervical application of the nitric oxide donor isosorbide dinitrate for induction of cervical ripening: a randomised controlled trial to determine clinical efficacy and safety prior to first trimester surgical evacuation of retained products of conception
Authors: Arteaga‐Troncoso Gabriel , Villegas‐Alvarado Alejandro , Belmont‐Gomez Aurora , Martinez‐Herrera Francisco J. , Villagrana‐Zesati Roberto , Guerra‐Infante Fernando 
Published: September 2005

Objective  To determine the therapeutic efficacy and safety of a nitric oxide (NO) isosorbide dinitrate donor to induce cervical ripening of women with missed abortions before surgical evacuation of the uterus.Design  A prospective, randomised, double‐blind controlled trial.Setting  Tertiary referral maternity teaching hospital.Population  Sixty women with missed abortions and no cervical dilation.Methods  Women requesting surgical evacuation of the uterus were randomly selected to receive endocervical 80 mg/1.5 mL isosorbide dinitrate gel solution (n= 30) or 400 μg/1.5 mL misoprostol gel solution (n= 30) every 3 hours to a maximum of four doses or until reaching cervical ripening. Vital signs and symptoms were recorded at baseline and then every 3 hours until finishing therapy. Adverse events, such as headache, abdominal pain, pelvic pain, backache, nausea and vomiting, were evaluated.Main outcome measures  Probability of reaching cervical ripening >8 mm Hegar dilator; evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after application of isosorbide dinitrate or misoprostol.Results  The probabilities of induction of cervical ripening by isosorbide dinitrate and misoprostol after four repeated doses at 3‐hour intervals were significantly different (P < 0.001). Efficacy of therapy after 12 hours was 97% for the isosorbide dinitrate group and 70% for the misoprostol group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower after administration of isosorbide dinitrate than prostaglandin analogues. The difference in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between treatment groups was greatest at 3 hours, with a difference of 7.7 mmHg (P < 0.001) and 5.9 mmHg (P < 0.003), respectively. The most frequent side effect associated with isosorbide dinitrate administration was headache, which occurred in 18 out of 30 patients, compared with only 5 out of 30 women in the misoprostol group [relative risk (RR) 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–4.03, P < 0.001). Women treated with misoprostol reported mainly pelvic pain (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.99–5.27, P < 0.001).Conclusions  Intracervical administration of 80 mg isosorbide dinitrate in women with missed abortions appears to be effective for cervical ripening prior to surgical evacuation of the uterus. Differences in the incidence of non‐serious adverse events are not likely to be clinically significant.
Exercise‐induced bronchospasm among healthy elite cross country skiers and non‐athletic students
Authors: Pohjantähti H. , Laitinen J. , Parkkari J. 
Published: September 2005

Regular exercise in cold, dry air is believed to be a predisposing factor for exercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB). The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of EIB among previously healthy elite cross country skiers and their non‐athletic control subjects.Twenty healthy elite cross country skiers and 18 non‐asthmatic controls were challenged by a standardized free exercise test. Thereafter, subjects' respiratory function was followed by flow‐volume spirometry up to 30 min. EIB was defined in the post‐exercise spirometry as at least one of the following: a ≥10% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), a ≥20% decrease in mean maximal expiratory flow (MMEF) or a ≥25% decrease in peak expiratory flow rate (PEF).EIB was found in two skiers and one control according to FEV1, for seven skiers and two controls according to MMEF. Two skiers and one control had exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) according to both parameters. The largest decrease in PEF was 13%, that did not result in additional diagnoses. All nine of the subjects with a positive test result reported asthma‐like symptoms (dyspnea, cough or increased mucus excretion) after the exercise challenge. Accordingly, seven previously healthy skiers (35%) and two controls (11%) were diagnosed as having EIB. In addition, three skiers of the original cohort were excluded because of an earlier asthma diagnosis, making the total asthma prevalence 10/23 (42%) among the elite skiers.It was concluded that EIB is more common in elite cross country skiers than in non‐athletic controls. The bronchoconstriction induced by exercise is usually mild or moderate, and flow‐volume spirometry with sensitive flow parameters is needed for it to be diagnosed. Even a mild asthma decreases minute ventilation and maximal performance of winter sport athletes. Therefore, skiers with long‐term respiratory symptoms or decreased performance should be studied for EIA and treated adequately.
Interactions of Carbon Atoms and Dimer Vacancies on the Si(001)
Surface
Authors: Ciobanu Cristian V. , Barbu Adrian , Briggs Ryan M. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
We investigate the interactions between substitutional carbon atoms on the defect free, (2×1) reconstructed Si(001) surface, and bring evidence that the interaction energy differs significantly from the inverse-cube distance dependence that is predicted by the theory of force dipoles on an elastic half-space. Based on Tersoff potentials, we also calculate the interactions between carbon atoms and dimer vacancies. The calculations indicate that dimer vacancies (DVs) are strongly stabilized by fourth-layer C atoms placed directly underneath them. By use of simple model Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the computed interactions between carbon atoms and DVs lead to self-assembled vacancy lines, in qualitative agreement with recent experimental results.
A Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Exisulind and Docetaxel in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Witta Samir E. , Gustafson Daniel L. , Pierson A. Scott , Menter Alexander , Holden Scott N. , Basche Michele , Persky Martha , O’Bryant Cindy L. , Zeng Chan , Baron Anna , Long Michael E. , Gibbs Amy , Kelly Karen , Bunn Paul A. , Chan Daniel C. , Pallansch Patrick , Eckhardt S. Gail 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Purpose: Exisulind (sulindac sulfone, FGN-1, Aptosyn) is a sulindac metabolite that induces apoptosis via inhibition of cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase. This agent demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in rodent models of colon, breast, prostate, and lung carcinogenesis. In an orthotopic model of human non–small-cell lung cancer, the combination of exisulind and docetaxel prolonged survival in athymic nude rats, forming the basis of this phase I combination study.
Experimental Design: This study evaluated the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of combining exisulind (150–250 mg) given orally twice daily and docetaxel (30–36 mg/m2) administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4-week cycle.
Results: Twenty patients with a range of advanced solid tumors (median age, 59 years; age range, 35–77 years; median performance status, 1) received a total of 70 courses. Observed adverse events were mild to moderate, and there was no dose-limiting toxicity at any level. Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicities were present in 10 of the 70 cycles (10%) and included nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Neutropenia was present in four cycles in patients treated with a docetaxel dose of 36 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic analysis did not demonstrate a clear effect of exisulind on docetaxel pharmacokinetics and vice versa. Relationships were evident between the plasma concentration of exisulind and the development of grade 2 or greater toxicities. One third of patients maintained stable disease for 3 to 12 cycles, but no objective responses were observed.
Conclusions: The combination of docetaxel (36 mg/m2, weekly) and exisulind (500 mg/d) was reasonably well tolerated, and it is undergoing phase II testing in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer.