bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of condensation to the water cycle under high‐mountain conditions
Authors: de Jong Carmen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLittle is known about the interaction between condensation, precipitation and evaporation as an integral part of the water cycle under high‐mountain conditions. This paper focuses on methods of identification and measurement of condensation under natural conditions in high alpine valleys by example of the Dischma in eastern Switzerland. The role of different vegetation zones in transferring water from and to the atmosphere is investigated above the treeline (1900–2600 m a.s.l.). Field measurements of condensation and evaporation at 10 min intervals show that condensation plays a more significant role in the water cycle than previously assumed. Both diurnal and nocturnal condensation are compared at different altitudes on slope and valley locations during the exceptionally hot and dry mid‐summer of 1998. It is suggested that, in addition to standard hydrological components, water balance modelling in mountain zones should include more precise data on measured condensation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global analysis of host tissue gene expression in the invasive front of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Bandapalli Obul Reddy , Geheeb Martina , Kobelt Dennis , Kuehnle Katrin , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Herrmann Jens , Gressner Axel M. , Weiskirchen Ralf , Beule Dieter , Blüthgen Nils , Herzel Hanspeter , Franke Claudia , Brand Karsten 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHost cell reactions are a crucial determinant for tumor invasion. We analyzed on a genomewide scale gene expression differences between microdissected tissues taken from unaffected liver tissue of a human colorectal tumor (LS174) growing in the livers of nude mice and tissue from the host part of the invasive front. Due to the low degree of interspecies cross‐hybridization of 15% as determined on Affymetrix microarrays, our xenograft model allowed for the distinction of genes of murine versus human origin even if the respective tissues could not be isolated separately. Using the gene ontology (GO) classification, we were able to determine patterns of up‐ and downregulated genes in the liver part of the invasive front. We observed a pronounced overrepresentation, e.g., of the GO terms “extracellular matrix,” “cell communication,” “response to biotic stimulus,” “structural molecule activity” and “cell growth,” indicating a very pronounced host cell response to tumor invasion. On the single gene level, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation markers were overrepresented in the liver part of the invasion front. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR confirmed an activation of HSC as well as an increased number of HSC in the invasive front as compared to the noninvaded liver tissue. In summary, our data demonstrate the feasibility of an interspecies differential gene expression approach on a genomewide scale. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microvascular response of striated muscle to common arthroplasty‐alloys: A comparative in vivo study with CoCrMo, Ti‐6Al‐4V, and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb
Authors: Kraft Clayton N. , Burian Björn , Diedrich Oliver , Gessmann Jan , Wimmer Markus A. , Pennekamp Peter H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe impairment of skeletal muscle microcirculation by a biomaterial may have profound consequences. Due to excellent physical and corrosion characteristics, CoCrMo‐, Ti‐6Al‐4V‐, and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb‐alloys are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. Yet concern has been raised with regard to the implications of inevitable corrosion product of these metals on the surrounding biologic environment, particularly in the case of CoCrMo. We, therefore, studied in vivo nutritive perfusion and leukocytic response of striated muscle to these alloys, thereby drawing conclusions on their inflammatory potential. In 28 hamsters, utilizing the dorsal skinfold chamber preparation and intravital microscopy, we could demonstrate that the implant material CoCrMo has a marked impact on local microvascular parameters. While the Ti‐alloys Ti‐6Al‐4V and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb induced only a transient and moderate inflammatory response, the implantation of a CoCrMo sample led to a distinct and persistent activation of leukocytes combined with disruption of the microvascular endothelial integrity and marked leukocyte extravasation. Animals with Ti‐alloys showed a clear tendency of recuperation, while in all but one CoCrMo‐treated animals, a breakdown of microcirculation prior to the scheduled end of the experiment was observed. Overall, the alloy Ti‐6Al‐7Nb was tolerated slightly better than Ti‐6Al‐4V under the chosen test conditions, though this discrepancy was not statistically significant. Conclusively, the commonly used biomaterials Ti‐6Al‐7Nb and Ti‐6Al‐4V induce a considerably lower inflammatory response in the skeletal muscle microvascular system, compared to a CoCrMo‐alloy. With a minimum of adverse host reaction, our results indicate that for this particular model Ti‐alloys are better tolerated than CoCrMo implant materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Fatigue of the cement/bone interface: The surface texture of bone and loosening
Authors: Arola D. , Stoffel K. A. , Yang D. T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLoosening is recognized as one of the primary sources of total hip replacement (THR) failure. In this study the influence of the bone surface texture on loosening of the cement/bone interface was studied. Model cemented hip replacements were prepared and subjected to cyclic loads that induced pure shear fatigue of the cement/bone interface. The femoral canals were textured with the use of specific cutting tools to achieve a desired surface topography. Loosening of the implant with cyclic loading was characterized in terms of the initial migration (Region I), steady‐state loosening (Region II), and unstable loosening (Region III). Results from the experiments showed that the initial migration and rate of steady‐state loosening were dependent upon the bone surface topography. The apparent fatigue strength ranged from 0.8 to 5.1 MPa, and denotes the cyclic shear stress required for loosening of 1 mm within 10 million cycles. Regardless of the bone surface topography the ratio of apparent fatigue strength and ultimate shear strength of the interfaces was approximately 0.24. In general, the apparent fatigue strength increased proportional to the average surface roughness of the femoral canal and the corresponding volume available for cement interdigitation. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the normalized initial migration and the apparent fatigue strength (i.e., specimens with the highest initial migration exhibited the lowest fatigue strength). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effect of microstructure on the dry sliding friction behavior of CoCrMo alloys used in metal‐on‐metal hip implants
Authors: Varano R. , Bobyn J. D. , Medley J. B. , Yue S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe microstructure and its effect on the friction behavior of a medical grade wrought cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy for surgical implants were studied in this work. In particular, the effects of compression and carbon (C) content on the above characteristics were analyzed. Increasing amounts of deformation resulted in a decrease in the number of annealing twins in the microstructures. In addition, there was an increase in the volume fraction of the hexagonal closed‐packed (HCP) phase due to a strain‐induced transformation (SIT) from the metastable face‐centered cubic (FCC) phase. The high C (HC) alloy had a lower volume fraction of this SIT phase. Friction studies conducted on these alloys revealed a higher coefficient of friction for the HC alloy and no significant effect of SIT on the friction characteristics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Interannual rainfall variability over Western Tanzania
Authors: Mapande Amin T. , Reason C. J. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe evolution of the circulation anomalies associated with wet and dry austral summers (October–April) over western Tanzania (11.5–4.75°S, 29–37°E) are investigated. It is found that wet (dry) years are characterized by weaker (stronger) equatorial westerlies over the western Indian Ocean that lead to less (more) export of equatorial moisture away from East Africa. These anomalies arise from an anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomaly over the tropical western Indian Ocean during wet (dry) austral summers. In addition, enhanced (reduced) westerly moisture flux from the southern Congo basin occurs during the wet (dry) seasons. Large‐scale modulation of the Indian Ocean Walker cell is also evident in both cases, but particularly for the dry years.During wet seasons, the rains typically begin earlier and end later, tend to be more evenly distributed and end more gradually. For dry seasons, the reverse tends to be the case. An inverse relationship between anomalies in Niño 3.4 sea‐surface temperature and those in dry‐spell frequency over the region was found. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Land degradation assessment by farmers in Bolivian mountain valleys
Authors: Kessler C. A. , Stroosnijder L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA methodology is presented for assessing the seriousness and impact of land degradation, from a historical and a farmer perspective, in regions where data are not available. Farmers have been directly involved in the assessment of soil, productivity and vegetation cover loss over the past decades, both on cropland and on rangeland. The results for the Bolivian mountain valleys in north Chuquisaca show that the intensive use of small cropland fields has increased soil degradation and consequently led to less water and nutrient availability. Due to the subsequent productivity loss many cropland fields have been abandoned. Rangeland is also severely degraded as a result of the excessive removal of vegetation and subsequent soil loss. Farmers are very concerned, but consider the impact of changed rainfall and less available cropland beyond their control. Consequently, no serious initiatives are taken to solve the land degradation problem. This research adduces evidence of increased land degradation in the Bolivian mountain valleys over recent decades, and stresses the need for urgent (integrated) action with regard to soil and water conservation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Properties of Syndiotactic Poly(propylene)/Carbon Nanofiber and Nanotube Composites Prepared by in situ Polymerization with Metallocene/MAO Catalysts
Authors: Wiemann Katharina , Kaminsky Walter , Gojny Florian H. , Schulte Karl 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: The preparation of syndiotactic poly(propylene) (sPP) nanocomposites with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon black (CB) as fillers was accomplished by the in situ polymerization of propylene with a metallocene/methylalumoxane (MAO) catalyst. Different pre‐treatments were applied to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of the fillers in the matrix. The resulting nanocomposites were investigated with respect to their properties, which were then compared to those of the pure polymer and among each other. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was slightly enhanced compared to the pure polymer. In addition, the yield strength of the nanocomposites could be slightly raised in comparison to the neat sPP. The most significant influence of the nanofillers was detected on the crystallization behavior. The crystallization temperature was increased with rising filler content in all cases. Moreover, the half‐time of crystallization was significantly reduced in the nanocomposites. The rate constant of crystallization was also greatly enhanced for all nanocomposites as compared to the neat sPP. The nanofillers acted, therefore, as nucleating agents. This effect was most pronounced in the case of MWNTs as fillers.Influence of the type of filler on the degradation temperature (temperature of maximum weight loss).magnified imageInfluence of the type of filler on the degradation temperature (temperature of maximum weight loss).
Fabrication of CdS Nanorods in PVP Fiber Matrices by Electrospinning
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Zhao Yiyang , Wang Ce , Wei Yen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: A controlled fabrication of rod‐like nanostructures of cadmium sulfide (CdS) incorporated into polymer fiber matrices has been developed by an electrospinning method. Here, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as a polymer capping reagent, utilizing the interactions of cadmium ions with the carbonyl groups in the PVP molecules. The formation of CdS nanorods inside the PVP was carried out via the reaction of Cd2+ with H2S. SEM images showed that the electrospun films of PVP/CdS are composed of fibers with a diameter between 100 and 900 nm. TEM proved that most of the CdS nanorods are incorporated in the PVP fibrous film. The diameter of the rod is about 50 nm and the length is from 100 to 300 nm.TEM image of the CdS nanorods formed in the PVP fibrous film.imageTEM image of the CdS nanorods formed in the PVP fibrous film.
Levetiracetam in patients with cortical myoclonus: A clinical and electrophysiological study
Authors: Striano Pasquale , Manganelli Fiore , Boccella Patrizia , Perretti Anna , Striano Salvatore 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLevetiracetam is a new antiepileptic agent that exerts antimyoclonic effects. We conducted an open‐label trial to evaluate the effect of levetiracetam in chronic cortical myoclonus of diverse etiologies and to determine whether levetiracetam affects electrophysiological findings. Sixteen patients, aged between 19 and 72 years, with refractory, chronic, cortical myoclonus were recruited. We assessed myoclonus severity with the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale (UMRS). The electrophysiological study comprised jerk‐locked averaging, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), and long loop reflex I. Levetiracetam was administered add‐on at a starting dose of 500 mg twice per day up to the target dose of 50 mg/kg/day. Patients were reevaluated clinically and electrophysiologically 2 weeks after the titration phase. Fourteen patients completed the trial. Posttreatment UMRS scores showed an improvement of myoclonus in all cases. Pretreatment, 9 patients had “giant” SEPs. Posttreatment, the amplitude of these SEPs was reduced by more than 50% in 3 of 9 patients, and the mean N20‐P25 amplitude was reduced significantly. Pre‐ and posttreatment SEP amplitude was not related to myoclonus severity or duration. Levetiracetam is a promising and a relatively easy‐to‐test antimyoclonic agent, which has the potential to improve significantly the patient's disability; however, its long‐term efficacy should be verified in larger controlled studies. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinson's disease mortality among male anesthesiologists and internists
Authors: Peretz Chava , Alexander Bruce H. , Nagahama Sonia I. , Domino Karen B. , Checkoway Harvey 
Published: August 2005

AbstractClusters of Parkinson's disease (PD) among healthcare professionals have been interpreted as evidence of an infectious etiology. Anesthetic gases have also been associated with parkinsonism symptoms and PD among patients undergoing general anesthesia. We investigated PD mortality among large cohorts of male U.S. anesthesiologists (n = 33,040) and internal medicine physicians (n = 33,044). PD mortality for any mention on a death certificate was lower than rates in U.S. men during 1979–1995 for both groups, although anesthesiologists had a significantly elevated risk for PD as underlying cause of death for 10‐year follow‐up. Direct comparisons of mortality between the two cohorts indicated excess PD mortality in anesthesiologists for >10‐year follow‐up for any mention and for underlying cause of death. These findings lend some support to the hypothesis that infectious agents or anesthetic gases may be associated etiologically with PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
The electronic spectra of 2‐(2′‐hydroxybenzoyl)pyrrole and 2‐(2′‐methoxybenzoyl)pyrrole: a theoretical study
Authors: Ghigo Giovanni , Ciofalo Maurizio , Gagliardi Laura , La Manna Gianfranco , Cramer Christopher J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe gas‐phase electronic spectra of 2‐(2′‐hydroxybenzoyl)pyrrole and 2‐(2′‐methoxybenzoyl)pyrrole have been determined using multiconfigurational perturbation theory (CASPT2). Solvatochromic spectral shifts for these molecules have been measured in cyclohexane and methanol and the electrostatic components of these shifts have been estimated using the vertical electrostatic model (VEM 4.2) developed for the configuration interaction with single excitations model implemented with the intermediate neglect of differential overlap Hamiltonian (CIS/INDO/S2). Comparison between theory and experiment and an interpretation of the main spectral differences between the two substituted pyrroles and their solvation are presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calorimetric determination of hydrogen‐bonding enthalpy for neat aliphatic alcohols
Authors: Solomonov Boris N. , Novikov Vladimir B. , Varfolomeev Mikhail A. , Klimovitskii Alexander E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHydrogen bonding in pure aliphatic alcohols is investigated using a novel calorimetric approach. Average enthalpies of hydrogen bonding were determined for methanol, ethanol, propan‐1‐ol, propan‐2‐ol, butan‐1‐ol, hexan‐1‐ol and octan‐1‐ol. For all the studied alcohols except methanol the average hydrogen‐bonding enthalpies fall in the range from −16.9 to −17.7 kJ mol−1. A slightly smaller value of −15.1 kJ mol−1 was observed for methanol. From the enthalpies of the specific interactions of the alcohols and chloroform (as proton donors) formed with the alcohols and diethyl ether (as proton acceptors), the dimerization enthalpies were determined for the investigated alcohols: −8.6 ± 0.7 kJ mol−1. The specific interaction and dimerization enthalpies obtained are concurrent with the Badger–Bauer rule and the hydrogen‐bond cooperativity effects. The calorimetric data obtained are supported by literature Fourier transform infrared data on dimer and multimer formation for ethanol and octan‐1‐ol in tetrachloromethane solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of interface residues in protein–protein complexes by a consensus neural network method: Test against NMR data
Authors: Chen Huiling , Zhou Huan‐Xiang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe number of structures of protein–protein complexes deposited to the Protein Data Bank is growing rapidly. These structures embed important information for predicting structures of new protein complexes. This motivated us to develop the PPISP method for predicting interface residues in protein–protein complexes. In PPISP, sequence profiles and solvent accessibility of spatially neighboring surface residues were used as input to a neural network. The network was trained on native interface residues collected from the Protein Data Bank. The prediction accuracy at the time was 70% with 47% coverage of native interface residues. Now we have extensively improved PPISP. The training set now consisted of 1156 nonhomologous protein chains. Test on a set of 100 nonhomologous protein chains showed that the prediction accuracy is now increased to 80% with 51% coverage. To solve the problem of over‐prediction and under‐prediction associated with individual neural network models, we developed a consensus method that combines predictions from multiple models with different levels of accuracy and coverage. Applied on a benchmark set of 68 proteins for protein–protein docking, the consensus approach outperformed the best individual models by 3–8 percentage points in accuracy. To demonstrate the predictive power of cons‐PPISP, eight complex‐forming proteins with interfaces characterized by NMR were tested. These proteins are nonhomologous to the training set and have a total of 144 interface residues identified by chemical shift perturbation. cons‐PPISP predicted 174 interface residues with 69% accuracy and 47% coverage and promises to complement experimental techniques in characterizing protein–protein interfaces. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible ventricular dysfunction takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akashi Yoshihiro J. , Musha Haruki , Kida Keisuke , Itoh Kae , Inoue Koji , Kawasaki Kensuke , Hashimoto Nobuyuki , Miyake Fumihiko 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground:Recently, many cardiologists have recognized the existence of a rapidly reversible form of heart failure of unknown origin characterized by a takotsubo‐shaped, dyskinetic left ventricle on left ventriculography.Aim:To determine the detailed clinical features of takotsubo cardiomyopathy.Methods:Thirteen elderly patients (11 women and 2 men with a mean age of 75.3 years) who had normal coronary arteries and takotsubo‐like left ventricular dysfunction were prospectively enrolled in this study.Results:Cardiac enzymes did not increase significantly, but the mean plasma norepinephrine level was very high on admission (0.98 μg/l). Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries in all patients, but left ventriculography showed apical akinesis combined with basal hyperkinesis, i.e., a takotsubo (Japanese octopus fishing pot)‐shaped ventricle. Left ventricular wall motion normalized within a mean of 16.9 hospital days in 12 patients, but 1 patient died of acute renal failure on hospital day 7. Cardiac events did not recur during a follow‐up period of 0.5 to 5 years.Conclusion:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy seems to be a new type of acute heart failure, which generally has a good prognosis and does not recur. Myocardial damage by catecholamine overload, adrenoceptor hypersensitivity, and changes of catecholamine dynamics due to stress may cause this condition.
Evidence suggesting that Homo neanderthalensis contributed the H2 MAPT haplotype to Homo sapiens
Authors: Hardy J. , Pittman A. , Myers A. , Gwinn-Hardy K. , Fung H.C. , de Silva R. , Hutton M. , Duckworth J. 
Published: August 2005

The tau (MAPT) locus exists as two distinct clades, H1 and H2. The H1 clade has a normal linkage disequilibrium structure and is the only haplotype found in all populations except those derived from Caucasians. The H2 haplotype is the minor haplotype in Caucasian populations and is not found in other populations. It shows no recombination over a region of 2 Mb with the more common H1 haplotype. The distribution of the haplotype and analysis of the slippage of dinucleotide repeat markers within the haplotype suggest that it entered Homo sapiens populations between approx. 10000 and 30000 years ago. However, sequence comparison of the H2 haplotype with the H1 haplotype and with the chimp sequence suggests that the common founder of the H1 and H2 haplotypes was far earlier than this. We suggest that the H2 haplotype is derived from Homo neanderthalensis and entered H. sapiens populations during the co-existence of these species in Europe from approx. 45000 to 18000 years ago and that the H2 haplotype has been under selection pressure since that time, possibly because of the role of this H1 haplotype in neurodegenerative disease.
Vitamin B12: chemistry and biochemistry
Authors: Kräutler B. 
Published: August 2005

Vitamin B12, the ‘antipernicious anaemia factor’, is required for human and animal metabolism. It was discovered in the late 1940s and its unique corrin ligand was revealed approx. 10 years later by X-ray crystallography. The B12-coenzymes are cofactors in various important enzymatic reactions and are particularly relevant in the metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms. Microorganisms are the only natural sources of the B12-derivatives, whereas most spheres of life (except for the higher plants) depend on these cobalt corrinoids.