bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kitchen Tools
Authors: Katz Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We all have a kitchen drawer with the tools we use for behind-the-scenes preparations. Everything in it is necessary, and everything has its particular job to do. The guests in the dining room, enjoying the meal, might never know how each implement was used in its creation, but it would be immediately apparent if something were not up to standard. This chapter is such a collection of miscellaneous essentials. Most of the discussion here uses examples from the vocal repertoire, but much of the information would apply to instrumental collaboration as well.
The Steinway Philharmonic*
Authors: Katz Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I write these lines, I am very aware of how the life of a professional collaborative pianist has changed, particularly for those who work primarily with singers. The first famous accompanist of whom I was aware was Gerald Moore. I knew of him through his witty lectures, his books, and his consistently superb recordings. I am confident that Sir Gerald could play arias as well as anyone, but the fact is that his performing career did not often require him to do so. He accompanied countless artists who sang opera, but never on recital programs. I don’t know if Moore worked much with opera, but it is certainly not what comes to mind at the mention of his illustrious name.
The Overflowing Brain
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the pace of technological change accelerates, we are increasingly experiencing a state of information overload. Statistics show that we are interrupted every three minutes during the course of the work day. Multitasking between email, cell-phone, text messages, and four or five websites while listening to an iPod forces the brain to process more and more informaton at greater and greater speeds. And yet the human brain has hardly changed in the last 40,000 years. Are all these high-tech advances overtaxing our Stone Age brains or is the constant flood of information good for us, giving our brains the daily exercise they seem to crave? In The Overflowing Brain, cognitive scientist Torkel Klingberg takes us on a journey into the limits and possibilities of the brain. He suggests that we should acknowledge and embrace our desire for information and mental challenges, but try to find a balance between demand and capacity. Klingberg explores the cognitive demands, or “complexity,” of everyday life and how the brain tries to meet them. He identifies different types of attention, such as stimulus-driven and controlled attention, but focuses chiefly on “working memory,” our capacity to keep information in mind for short periods of time. Dr Klingberg asserts that working memory capacity, long thought to be static and hardwired in the brain, can be improved by training, and that the increasing demands on working memory may actually have a constructive effect: as demands on the human brain increase, so does its capacity. The book ends with a discussion of the future of brain development and how we can best handle information overload in our everyday lives. Klingberg suggests how we might find a balance between demand and capacity and move from feeling overwhelmed to deeply engaged.
Introduction: The Stone Age Brain Meets the Information Flood
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You’ve just entered a room, probably to fetch something, but you’re not that sure, for you’re staring at the wall trying to remember what it was you were going to do. The instruction to yourself that you had in your head only a moment ago has vanished. Maybe you were distracted by your cell phone? Perhaps you were trying to do two or three things at the same time? Whatever, the outcome was a surplus of information in your brain that left you standing there gazing blankly at the wall. Our brains have limited capacity for processing information. This book is an attempt to understand why this is so, what effect it has on our everyday lives, and how we can stretch these limits with mental exercise.
Models of Working Memory
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 3, we saw that the ability to retain information is essential to a wide range of mental tasks. Working memory is used to control attention, to remember instructions, to keep in mind a plan of things to do, and to solve complex problems. However, working memory is of limited capacity, a bottleneck that restricts our ability to process information and reason. If we were to ask ourselves what presents problems when the Stone Age brain meets the information flood, one of the answers would be the limitations of working memory. So let us now take a closer look at exactly how information is stored and whether we can localize where in the brain these limitations reside. Some of the most important advances in our understanding of brain activity and working memory were made by Yale neuroscientist Patricia Goldman-Rakic, one of the developers of the dot test.
Does ADHD Exist?
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The demands of the information society, with its copious information, simultaneous situations, pace, and distractions, make many of us feel as though we are suffering from some sort of attention deficit. As we have already seen, many of these challenges surrounding us can be traced directly to working memory. Let us, therefore, look more closely at the individuals who have the most serious attention difficulties, and see if these problems can also be linked to working memory.
A Cognitive Gym
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Practice makes perfect. Because of the brain’s plasticity, practicing a musical instrument causes changes to the cortical areas that control fine motor movement and that perceive notes—and there is nothing to say that we cannot similarly train the areas of the brain the deal with working memory capacity. Despite this, psychologists have customarily treated working memory capacity as something static, an attribute immune to external influence.
The Flynn Effect
Authors: Klingberg Torkel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have already discussed, New Zealand professor James Flynn demonstrated how IQ performance improved throughout the 1900s—and what improvements they were. If the average performance in 1932 was 100, by 1990 it was 120. A person who scored an average 100 in 1990 would therefore be able to count herself among the top 15 percent if she went back in time to 1932. According to some, it also seems as if the curve is steepening. What was once an average IQ increase of 0.31 IQ point per year in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s had risen to 0.36 IQ point per year by the 1990s. This result is surprising, since it was previously thought that intelligence was a constant. But an ever-expanding file of studies suggests that this is not the case. Given that many people cock their revolvers as soon as they hear the word intelligence, maybe it would be a good idea at this point to say a few words about what scientists usually mean by the term.
Career Development
Authors: Schuring Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first step in developing a career is to decide how you will pursue your advanced study. The first part of this chapter gives advice for the young student wishing to be a college music major. Later, we will discuss how the advanced student can prepare for the music profession. Preparing for college can be confusing, stressful, and filled with doubt, especially if the goal is to study oboe. Do you want to find the best law school in your state? There are guides to help you. The same applies for many other disciplines, but not oboe. While this section is written for an American high school student wishing to be an oboe major in college, anyone looking for a place to study should find some useful ideas here. First, prepare yourself. I find that college freshmen are initially stressed by reed making, by music theory, and by piano. Each of these requires time to study and practice, and each of these can be learned in high school. If they are not, they will each require an hour or two every day during the first semester of college, making that semester al-most unbearable.
The Most Fundamental Question Facing Mankind Today Is Whether Man Can Evolve to Live in Harmony with Nature
Authors: Officer Charles , Page Jake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a popular bumper sticker that says: “If the people lead, the leaders will follow.” This is as good a motto as any as we face what seem to be overwhelming global troubles. But humanity has operated out of optimism (if sometimes misplaced) through its history, and a realistic optimism is certainly something needed now.
To that end, in this book we have sought to put some of our current problems in a context that is geologic, noting that the Earth has been around a long time and will continue to exist for a long time to come. It has continually undergone changes—small and vast—on time scales from a year or less to several million years. In terms of geologic time, there have been “abrupt” extinctions, such as the Ice Age megafauna and the dinosaurs—great extinction events that took place amid the constant background buzz of evolution and extinction. We know something of the environmental stresses that caused these extinctions but are far from understanding them in detail. They are of scientific interest in themselves, but a better understanding of them would surely cast light on the anthropogenic environmental changes we now face.
Sex Radicals and Captive Pedestrians
Authors: Sides Josh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When she was a blonde, doe-eyed teenager, Carol Doda’s future was not bright. A high-school dropout from Napa County, she landed in the Tenderloin in the early 1960s, where she quickly found a roommate and friend in a male hairstylist who shared his makeup tips with her. Doda fell in love with her roommate and became inconsolably jealous about his mysterious preference for male company. Her love unrequited, Doda took a job as a dancing cocktail waitress at the Condor go-go bar in North Beach and moved into the district. “Big” Davey Rosenberg, a corpulent, hard-nosed club promoter, saw great profit potential in Doda and encouraged her to perform her dance in one of designer Rudi Gernreich’s new “topless” bathing suits. On June 22, 1964, the twenty-year-old Doda metamorphosed from ingénue to internationally renowned sexual spectacle when she took to the stage at the Condor and revolutionized the local burlesque show circuit by baring her breasts in their entirety during her performance of the “swim” dance. She brazenly tossed aside the pasties that striptease dancers had worn for most of the century. Shortly thereafter—also at Rosenberg’s urging—Doda received one of the first silicone breast augmentations, increasing her modest bust size to a double D. Doda’s likeness, depicted on a forty-foot sign complete with red, illuminated nipples, towered over the intersection of Columbus Avenue and Broadway Street and became a landmark, drawing throngs of locals and tourists alike.
The Unspoken Sexuality of Golden Gate Park
Authors: Sides Josh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To wander among the dense, winding cypress groves of Golden Gate Park during the sexual revolution was to enter a world of virtually limitless sexual possibility. So dense in places as to be almost impassible, the thicket easily shrouded anonymous gay and straight trysts. At the “wasteland”—as locals described the western end of the park at Ocean Beach—the decrepit Beach Chalet building and defunct windmills were given over to sex-hunters, squatters, vandals, and raccoons. For those San Franciscans who had seen the park in better times, its demise was a shocking symbol of a city run amok. Indeed, no public space in the city was as thoroughly transformed by the sexual revolution as was Golden Gate Park in the 1960s and 1970s.
The Many Legacies of AIDS
Authors: Sides Josh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Selma Dritz was the last person you would expect to be an expert on the outlandish gay sex scene South of Market. Born in Chicago to Russian parents in 1917, Dritz finished medical school in 1941 and became the chief resident of the Cook County Contagious Disease Hospital before retiring in 1947 to raise her three children. She and her family moved to San Francisco in 1949, where they bought a house in the sleepy southwestern edge of the outer Sunset District, and Dritz became a stay- at-home mom for almost two decades. Once her kids were grown, she got a master’s degree in public health at Berkeley in 1967 and quickly accepted a post as assistant director of disease control for the SFDPH. As a doctor and a mother, she already knew the terrain well. “At first,” she later recalled, the work “was the usual standard chasing down of measles, mumps, whooping cough, making sure that children in school had their proper immunizations.”
Dilantin: The Great Achievement of Tracy Jackson Putnam and H. Houston Merritt
Authors: Rowland Lewis P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy comes in many forms, so many different types that specialists have been stymied in trying to come up with a classification agreeable to all of them or, at least, most of them. As a result, they are still basing descriptions and discussions on a 1981 document. All epileptic attacks are “brainstorms” that result from disordered electrical rhythms of nerve cells in the brain. The resulting behavioral abnormalities can be seen by others and, too often, by loss of consciousness. If the attack recurs, the condition is called “epilepsy,” which is estimated to affect 40 million people worldwide. Classification of the attacks is important for both diagnosis and treatment, but recognition of the different types now combines not only the visible actions of the subject but also what happens in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The world was simpler for Tracy Putnam and Houston Merritt, when they worked together in the mid-1930s, for the EEG was just then being introduced.
Putnam, a True Boston Brahmin
Authors: Rowland Lewis P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We know little about Houston Merritt’s origins, but his professional life is documented from the time of his arrival in Boston in 1928 to his prime years, his final illness, and even his postmortem examination in 1979 (as described in Chapter 13). In contrast, Tracy Putnam’s family is thoroughly documented for two centuries, but little is known about his final years. Putnam was the scion of five European families that were among the first to appear in North America: the Jackson, Quincy, and Pickering families, who settled Massachusetts Bay Colony, as well as the Washburn and Tucker families, of the Plymouth Colony. He was therefore a true Boston Brahmin, as defined by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., the physician–writer and father of the even more famous Supreme Court justice who had the same name plus “Junior”; they were Brahmins themselves.
H. Houston Merritt, 1902–1979
Authors: Rowland Lewis P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Houston Merritt was not a Boston Brahmin. He was not born into any upper class. He was proud to be a Tar Heel, a native of North Carolina. He was born in Wilmington, the largest city of that state and the largest port but no longer a great metropolitan area; the population in the year 2000, was 75,838.
Before the War
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An excited crowd surrounded the new arrivals. The crowd demanded to know who had come, who was left behind, what was happening to them, who else will arrive, why were they not yet here. Question upon question kept piling up. Coming all at once they were hard to follow, impossible to answer. Here and there, among the noisy haphazard efforts to tell, to connect, one could hear sudden outbursts—relatives, friends, and acquaintances were finding each other. This was May 1943 and the center of this commotion was a group of Jewish runaways from Lida ghetto. Disheveled and exhausted, most were too bewildered to talk. Passively, in silence they simply looked on.
Escapes from the Ghetto
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
True to its policy, the leaders of the Bielski otriad soon invited another group from Nowogródek ghetto. This group was to join relatives and friends already in the forest. Among the invited was Sonia Boldo, an outgoing and attractive young girl, who had an uncle, an aunt, two cousins, and a close friend, Chaja Bielski, in the otriad. When the Bielski guides entered the ghetto, word about their presence spread rapidly. Rumor had it that Sonia Boldo was about to run away. Right away she was watched by the Jewish authorities, the Judenrat. In Nowogródek most ghetto officials were opposed to illegal departures. If an illegal escape was discovered, it could mean death for those who stayed—the Germans often employed the principle of collective responsibility.
Rescue or Resistance
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
He would avoid talking to the non-Jewish partisans about his main preoccupation: the saving of lives. To them he presented himself as a guerrilla fighter and continually repeated that he had come to the forest to wage war against the enemies of the Soviet Union, the Germans. And when Panchenko suggested that they cooperate in anti-Nazi moves he readily agreed. Their joint military ventures began in the last quarter of 1942 and continued into the second half of 1943. Although such anti-German moves were initiated by Panchenko, the two otriads each carried the same burden. Publicly Tuvia continued to emphasize his personal commitment to anti-German activities. In reality he and his group were under pressure to participate. A refusal could have endangered the very existence of the Bielski otriad. Russian partisans would not have tolerated an unwillingness to fight, especially not from Jews whom they suspected of cowardice.
The “ Big Hunt “
Authors: Tec Nechama 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the Bielski otriad reached the Nalibocka forest in summer 1943, the Russian partisan movement had already granted it some legitimacy. Tuvia and his people had come to a place more fully controlled by the Soviets. Here many guerrilla detachments had already established their bases, including the headquarters of General Platon, head of the Russian partisans for the Baranowicze region. At that time the Soviet partisan movement had also adopted a more liberal recruitment policy. From the Jewish perspective this was a mixed blessing. As an open invitation to all able-bodied men, this policy was a most welcome development. On the other hand, because this invitation included Nazi supporters, it led to stronger anti-Semitism.
The American Founders and the Scottish Enlightenment
Authors: Edwards Jonathan , Lincoln Abraham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards engaged in a dialogue about human nature that included participants throughout the Western world. In the eighteenth century, however, no corner of Western civilization was more deeply engaged with problems concerning human nature, the development of the self, and the relationship between the self and society, than Scotland. From Scotland came many of the ideas that American thinkers of the eighteenth century and after applied to the issues confronting them. For this reason it seems desirable to look specifically at the Scottish Enlightenment and its relationship to American thought during the generation after the death of Edwards. Both the Constitution of the United States and the arguments made on its behalf were deeply informed by contemporary ideas about the self and society, many of which came from Scotland.
Engendering [In]Security and Terror: On the “Protection Racket” of Security States
Authors: Denike Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Animating Iris Marion Young’s writings on social justice are questions concerning power—questions such as what power is; what forms it takes; how it operates in different contexts; how it produces or modifies behaviors; how it works in ways that limit individuals’ actions and capacities; and generally, how it organizes the structural injustices lived by members of social groups in contemporary Western societies. They guide her critical assessment of mainstream concepts of injustice, and her efforts to sketch frameworks for social policy and law reform initiatives that such concepts inform. Collectively, her essays provide multifaceted theoretical frameworks and practical approaches to relations of power and justice that are invaluable as a resource for theories of sexual, racial, socioeconomic, and other forms of differentiation, discrimination, and domination, as well as for strategies of progressive social policy reform.
Introduction
Authors: Jenkyns Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every man is an island, entire of himself; an island, however, which is part of an immense archipelago encompassing innumerable specks of land, each with its own shape and pattern, its distinct configuration of rock and inlet, yet all ruffled by the same breezes, fretted by the same unceasing seas. The historian is a species of surveyor or cartographer; his task is to map these territories. The interpreter of a recent period may hope to work on both the large and the small scale, to learn something of the character of individual men and women, and thus to balance the general with the particular. The historian of a remote era is not commonly so fortunate: the distance between himself and the countless islands of humanity that he studies is so great that they are usually reduced to indistinguishable dots or blurred into an undifferentiated mass. Where writers have survived, though, the case is somewhat altered. A poem, play, speech or treatise is the product of an individual mind (so much is a truism), and sometimes at least we may be tempted to think that its author, perhaps by design, perhaps willy-nilly, has revealed something of himself.
The Latin Experience: Virgil and the Poets
Authors: Jenkyns Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Arma gravi numero violentaque bella’ (Weapons and violent wars in heavy rhythm) —so Ovid begins his Amores, comically irrelevant from the start. Shorter poems almost always and even longer works quite often were known by their opening words: beginning ‘Cynthia prima’, Propertius had established that his first book should be called Cynthia—fittingly, since his love passion dominates it through out. But no one could call Ovid’s amatory collection ‘Arma gravi numero’ without absurdity; and besides, every reader will know that this is not the most famous Augustan work to take ‘arma’ for its beginning.’
Romance, Revenge, And Pathos The Novellas of the Cyropaedia
Authors: Gera Deborah Levine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The colourful, romantic episodes of the Cyropaedia—the stories of Panthea, Croesus, Gobryas, and Gadatas—are the subject of this chapter. These dramatic tales, often referred to as the novellas of the Cyropaedia, are highly compelling in themselves; they also raise interesting questions about Xenophon’s sources. Did he invent these stories? Rework them? Lift them whole from other sources? We shall first look briefly at the content and form of these tales in order to see just how unusual and colourful the stories of the Cyropaedia are. Next comes an investigation of possible sources or influences, and the final portion of the chapter is devoted to a detailed commentary on the individual tales.