bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ictal Spitting: Clinical and Electroencephalographic Features
Authors: Kellinghaus Christoph , Loddenkemper Tobias , Kotagal Prakash 
Published: July 2003

Summary: Purpose:To identify clinical and EEG correlates of ictal spitting automatisms and to assess their reliability in indicating the hemisphere of seizure onset.Methods:The epilepsy‐monitoring database (1994–2002) of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) was searched for patients with a definite history of ictal spitting. All available documents of the patients, particularly their original video and EEG data, were reviewed.Results:Twelve (0.3%) of the ∼4,000 patients had a documented history of ictal spitting. In seven of them, 15 seizures with spitting automatisms were recorded. All of them started with an aura or arousal out of sleep. In six of the seven patients (12 of 15 seizures), EEG onset was clearly lateralized to the right, nondominant hemisphere. Spitting occurred at a median time of 21 s after EEG seizure onset. At that time, predominantly fast, high‐amplitude theta (5–7 Hz) was seen in the hemisphere of seizure onset, maximum temporal. In all but one of the total 12 patients, the epileptogenic zone was in the temporal lobe. In nine of the 12 patients, seizure onset was in the non–language‐dominant hemisphere. Two patients had seizures arising from the language‐dominant hemisphere; in another patient, the side of the seizure onset could not be determined.Conclusions:Ictal spitting is an uncommon feature of epileptic seizures. Although the symptomatogenic area is probably outside the temporal lobe, it is most frequently seen in temporal lobe epilepsy of the right, nondominant hemisphere.
Rasmussen Syndrome: Multifocal Spread of Inflammation Suggested from MRI and PET Findings
Authors: Maeda Yumi , Oguni Hirokazu , Saitou Yoshiaki , Mutoh Ayako , Imai Kaoru , Osawa Makiko , Fukuyama Yukio , Hori Tomokatsu , Yamane Fumitaka , Kubo Osamu , Ishii Kenji , Ishiwata Kiichi 
Published: July 2003

Summary:  Background: A 6‐year‐old girl with Rasmussen syndrome (RS) showed multiple small high‐signal‐intensity areas independently in the right hemisphere by fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1 year after the onset of epilepsy. Methods: MRI performed 4 months later demonstrated a further increase in the number of these foci and enlargement in the size of the previous FLAIR lesions. Results: An [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) study showed a strong, spotty uptake in the right temporooccipital regions, corresponding to the sites of continuous EEG seizure discharges. In contrast, [11C]methionine PET demonstrated multifocal uptake regions, which corresponded anatomically to the FLAIR lesions, suggesting sites of underlying chronic inflammation. Conclusions: These neuroimaging findings suggested that the inflammatory process in RS spreads either multifocally at the same time, as seen in this case, or from one discrete area to the adjacent region, as reported previously.
Association of the Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit α4 Polymorphisms with Febrile Convulsions
Authors: Chou I‐Ching , Lee Cheng‐Chun , Huang Chao‐Ching , Wu Jer‐Yuarn , Tsai Jeffrey J. P. , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: July 2003

Summary:  Purpose: The α4‐subunit gene of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA4) has been identified as the first gene underlying an idiopathic partial epilepsy syndrome in human autosomal‐dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Studies provided evidence that the protein coded by CHRNA4 is one of the most abundant subunits of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammalian brains, and mutations of CHRNA4 seem to cause neuronal excitation. The CHRNA4 gene may have a role in the development of febrile convulsions (FCs), the majority of childhood seizures. This study assessed the distribution of genotypes of CHRNA4 in patients with FCs. Methods: A total of 102 children with FCs and 80 normal control subjects were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the C/T polymorphism of the CHRNA4 gene. Genotypes and allelic frequencies for the CHRNA4 gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. Results: The number of individuals with heterozygous CHRNA4 (Ser543Ser)‐C/T genotype was significantly greater (60.8% vs. 32.5%; p = 0.001), and the CHRNA4 (Ser543Ser)‐T allele frequency was significantly higher (p = 0.001), in patients with FCs compared with healthy controls. The odds ratio for developing FCs in individuals with the CHRNA4 (Ser543Ser)‐CT genotype was 3.77 compared with individuals with two copies of the CHRNA4 (Ser543Ser)‐C allele. Conclusions: This study demonstrated an association between the CHRNA4 gene and FCs. Individuals with the T allele had a higher incidence of FCs. These data suggest that the CHRNA4 gene or a closely linked gene might be one of the susceptibility factors for FCs.
The Fischer-Clifford matrices of a maximal subgroup of 𝐹𝑖′₂₄
Authors: Ali Faryad , Moori Jamshid 
Published: July 2003

The Fischer group

F

i

24

′

Fi_{24}^{\prime }

is the largest sporadic simple Fischer group of order
\[

1255205709190661721292800
=

2

21

.3

16

.5
2

.7
3

.11
.13
.17
.23
.29

.

1255205709190661721292800 = 2^{21}.3^{16}.5^2.7^3.11.13.17.23.29 \;\;.

\]
The group

F

i

24

′

Fi_{24}^{\prime }

is the derived subgroup of the Fischer

3
3

-transposition group

F

i

24

Fi_{24}

discovered by Bernd Fischer. There are five classes of elements of order 3 in

F

i

24

′

Fi_{24}^{\prime }

as represented in ATLAS by

3
A

3A

,

3
B

3B

,

3
C

3C

,

3
D

3D

and

3
E

3E

. A subgroup of

F

i

24

′

Fi_{24}^{\prime }

of order

3
3

is called of type

3
X

3X

, where

X
∈
{
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
,
E
}

X \in \{A,B,C,D,E \}

, if it is generated by an element in the class

3
X

3X

. There are six classes of maximal 3-local subgroups of

F

i

24

′

Fi_{24}^{\prime }

as determined by Wilson. In this paper we determine the Fischer-Clifford matrices and conjugacy classes of one of these maximal 3-local subgroups

G
¯

:=

N

F

i

24

′

(
⟨
N
⟩
)
≅

3
7

⋅

O
7

(
3
)

\bar {G} := N_{Fi_{24}^{\prime }}(\langle N\rangle ) \cong 3^7{\cdot }O_7(3)

, where

N
≅

3
7

N \cong 3^7

is the natural orthogonal module for

G
¯

/

N
≅

O
7

(
3
)

\bar {G}/N \cong O_7(3)

with

364
364

subgroups of type

3
B

3B

corresponding to the totally isotropic points. The group

G
¯

\bar {G}

is a nonsplit extension of

N
N

by

G
≅

O
7

(
3
)

G \cong O_7(3)

.
ACCURACY PREDICTION FOR ORTHO‐IMAGE GENERATION
Authors: Krupnik Amnon 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper revisits the basic mathematical formulation of ortho‐image (digital orthophoto) generation. The main objective is to provide an approach for predicting the accuracy of an ortho‐image, according to the accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM), control points and image measurements, the configuration of fiducial, tie and control points, and the ground slope. The approach is based on applying the well‐known law of error propagation to the mathematical model of ortho‐image generation. Although it may seem intuitive for professionals in the field of photogrammetry, such an approach is essential in the era when specialists in other fields use off‐the‐shelf software packages for ortho‐image generation. Simulations with the derived approach show that the accuracy of the ortho‐image is more sensitive to errors in image measurement of fiducial, tie and control points and ground coordinates of control points, than to DEM errors. Non‐standard configurations of fiducial, tie and control points further impair the accuracy. In addition, certain combinations of point location and ground slope might lead to unacceptably large error on the ortho‐image.
THE MERGER OF THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY AND THE REMOTE SENSING SOCIETY
Authors: Kirby R. P. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe attempts by A. S. Macdonald in the late 1980s and by J. A. Allan in the mid‐1990s to integrate the UK societies and professional organisations within the spatial science field are described. The Photogrammetric Society, noting a long‐term decline in its membership, set up an internal working group in 1997 to consider the future of the Society. A lengthy questionnaire to all individual members produced a 57% response and mandatory support for renewed action on greater inter‐society cooperation.A further effort to produce a wide amalgamation of bodies in the UK spatial science field on the Macdonald/Allan models failed for lack of support nationally. As a smaller step, perhaps to be extended later, a merger with the Remote Sensing Society was eventually agreed. The subsequent lengthy and delicate negotiations necessary to bring about a successful merger between these two mature, independently minded learned societies are described. The two societies were formally merged on 1st April 2001.The author was a member of both the Photogrammetric and the Remote Sensing Societies and chaired the External Affairs Committee of the Photogrammetric Society preceding the merger.
ROOF BOUNDARY EXTRACTION USING MULTIPLE IMAGES
Authors: Elaksher Ahmed F. , Bethel James S. , Mikhail Edward M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractUrban area building extraction is one of the most challenging problems in photogrammetry. Well‐extracted buildings are needed for a variety of applications, such as cartography, building GIS databases for cities, and urban planning. This paper presents a new technique to extract 3D building wire‐frames using a robust multi‐image line‐matching algorithm. Although one pair of images is adequate to find the 3D position of two visibly corresponding image features, it is not sufficient to solve the general building extraction problem due to obscured parts in the building. Four images are used in this research to extract the building wire‐frames. First the images are segmented into regions. Regions are then classified into roof regions and non‐roof regions based on their size, shape, and intensity values. The roof region boundary pixels are located and used to find the region perimeters. Region correspondence is solved in a pair‐wise mode over all images using the epipolar constraint, region size, region shape, and region intensity values. Image lines within the corresponding regions are matched over all images simultaneously by first creating a plane for each region line. Planes are then intersected simultaneously and geometric consistency is used to determine acceptance or rejection. Results with high overlap and sidelap aerial images are presented and evaluated. The results show the completeness and accuracy that this method can provide for extracting complex urban buildings. The average coordinate accuracy is about 0·8 m using 1:4000 scale aerial photographs scanned at 30 μm. Six buildings were examined; the line detection rate is 98%.
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW‐COST MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM: A SOUTH AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Da Silva João Fernando C. , Camargo Paulo de Oliveira , Gallis Rodrigo B. A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis paper presents the prototype of a low‐cost terrestrial mobile mapping system (MMS) composed of a van, two digital video cameras, two GPS receivers, a notebook computer, and a sound frame synchronisation system. The imaging sensors are mounted as a stereo video camera on top of the vehicle together with the GPS antennae. The GPS receivers and the notebook computer are configured to record data referred to the vehicle position at a planned time interval. This position is subsequently transferred to the road images. This set of equipment and methods provide the opportunity to merge distinct techniques to make topographic maps and also to build georeferenced road image databases. Both vector maps and raster image databases, when integrated appropriately, can give spatial researchers and engineers a new technique whose application may realise better planning and analysis related to the road environment. The experimental results proved that the MMS developed at the São Paulo State University is an effective approach to inspecting road pavements, to map road marks and traffic signs, electric power poles, telephone booths, drain pipes, and many other applications important to people's safety and welfare. A small number of road images have already been captured by the prototype as a consequence of its application in distinct projects. An efficient organisation of those images and the prompt access to them justify the need for building a georeferenced image database. By expanding it, both at the hardware and software levels, it is possible for engineers to analyse the entire road environment on their office computers.
A measure for the assessment of eating disorders: Reliability and validity studies of the Rating of Anorexia and Bulimia interview – revised version (RAB‐R)
Authors: Nevonen Lauri , Broberg Anders G. , Clinton David , Norring Claes 
Published: July 2003

The Rating of Anorexia and Bulimia interview (RAB) is a Swedish semi‐structured interview for clinical and research purposes for a wide range of eating disorder symptoms and related psychopathology. The objectives were to evaluate the reliability and validity of a revised RAB version (RAB‐R). The RAB‐R was assessed in terms of internal consistency, inter‐rater and test–retest reliability, and criterion and convergent validity. Samples included a clinical sample of eating disorder patients (n = 71) and a sample of randomly drawn female controls (n = 31). The RAB‐R showed satisfactory internal consistency, inter‐rater and test–retest reliability, correlated well with related measures, and discriminated between patients and normal controls. We conclude that the RAB‐R is a promising interview instrument and continued evaluation should focus on comparing subgroups of eating disorder patients with other clinical groups.
Implementing Citizenship into the English Secondary School Curriculum
Authors: Calvert Mike , Clemitshaw Gary 
Published: July 2003

This article represents a snapshot of ten state secondary schools in the north of England immediately prior to the implementation of the statutory inclusion of citizenship in the revised National Curriculum. It includes data from interviews with the citizenship coordinator of each school and offers a range of responses by schools to the change. The two authors respectively, bring to the study their experience of Educational Management and Humanities and offer two different perspectives on the management of change, curriculum planning and implementation. Practical issues of status of the subject, resources, structures and staff development sit alongside contested issues of philosophy, content, pedagogy and outcomes.Whilst recognizing the qualities and the commitment of the citizenship coordinators, a number of issues are raised that might give cause for concern at the medium to long‐term future of this curriculum development.
Effect of exercise on upper respiratory tract infection in sedentary subjects
Authors: Weidner T , Schurr T 
Published: July 2003

Objective:To determine if exercise training affects the severity and duration of a naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in sedentary subjects.Methods:Subjects were sedentary volunteers (two or fewer days a week of exercise for less than 30 minutes a day for the previous three months), 18–29 years of age, with a naturally acquired URTI (three to four days of onset). All subjects were screened—for example, asthma, hay fever—by a doctor and were afebrile. Volunteers were alternately assigned to an exercise (EX) group (four men, seven women) or a non-exercise (NEX) group (three men, eight women). Subjects in the EX group completed 30 minutes of supervised exercise at 70% of target heart rate range for five days of a seven day period. For the initial screening, and every 12 hours, all subjects completed a 13 item symptom severity checklist and a physical activity log. Cold symptom scores were obtained until the subjects were asymptomatic. Significance was set at p≤0.05.Results:There were no significant differences between EX and NEX group mean symptom scores for the morning and evening reporting periods. There were also no differences between the groups for the mean number of days from the baseline symptom score to when the subjects were asymptomatic. There were no differences between physical activity levels, other than what was assigned in the EX group.Conclusion:Moderate exercise in sedentary subjects with naturally acquired URTI probably does not alter the overall severity and duration of the illness. Previously sedentary people who have acquired a URTI and have just initiated an exercise programme may continue to exercise.
Reliability of stabilised commercial dynamometers for measuring hip abduction strength: a pilot study
Authors: Click Fenter P , Bellew J W , Pitts T A , Kay R E 
Published: July 2003

Background:Reliable quantification of hip abductor strength in a clinical setting is challenging.Objectives:To examine the intrarater and interrater reliability of three commonly used commercial dynamometers in the measurement of hip abduction.Methods:Supine gravity minimised measures of unilateral hip abduction strength were recorded in 10 women (mean (SD) age 23.5 (1.9) years) using three different commercially available dynameters. Measurements were repeated over a three day period with a different device used on each day.Results:Intrarater reliability ranged from 0.880 to 0.958 across the three devices, and measures of interrater reliability ranged from 0.899 to 0.948.Conclusion:Commercially available dynamometers can be used to quantify hip abduction strength with good to excellent reliability. A previously undescribed method of quantifying hip abduction strength in a clinical setting using readily available instrumentation is presented.
General practitioners and doping in sport: attitudes and experience
Authors: Laure P , Binsinger C , Lecerf T 
Published: July 2003

Objectives:To examine the attitudes to, and knowledge of, doping in sport of French general practitioners (GPs), and their contact with drug taking athletes on an everyday basis.Methods:A total of 402 GPs were randomly selected from all over France and interviewed by telephone, using a prepared script.Results:The response rate was 50.5% (153 men and 49 women; mean (SD) age 45.6 (5.6) years). Of the respondents, 73% confirmed that they had the list of banned products, and only 34.5% stated that they were aware of the latest French law, brought into effect in March 1999, concerning the fight against doping. Some 11% had directly encountered a request for prescription of doping agents over the preceding 12 months (the requested substances were mainly anabolic steroids, stimulants, and corticosteroids), and 10% had been consulted by an athlete who was using doping drugs and was frightened of the health risks (the substances used were mainly anabolic steroids). Over half (52%) of the GPs favoured the prescription of drug substitutions to athletes who used doping agents. According to 87.5% of respondents, doping is a public health problem, and 80% stated that doping is a form of drug addiction. Most (89%) said that a GP has a role to play in doping prevention, but 77% considered themselves poorly prepared to participate in its prevention.Conclusion:The results suggest that (a) GPs have limited knowledge of doping and (b) are confronted with doping in their daily practice, at least occasionally.
Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the push movement in tai chi
Authors: Chan S P , Luk T C , Hong Y 
Published: July 2003

Background:Tai chi is a form of exercise derived from the martial art folk traditions of China. The force used in tai chi includes different principles of mechanical advantage. No studies on the kinematic features of tai chi exercise have been published.Objective:To analyse the kinematics and electromyographic characteristics of tai chi.Methods:An experienced tai chi master was asked to perform a sequence of basic movements: ward off, roll back, press, and push. The movements were videotaped and digitised using a motion analysis system. Electromyographic activities of the lumbar erector spinae, rectus femoris, medial hamstrings, and medial head of gastrocnemius were recorded by surface electrodes. The push movement data were analysed.Results:The medial hamstrings and medial head of gastrocnemius muscle groups maintained low activity, with higher electromyographic values in the lumbar erector spinae and substantially higher ones in the rectus femoris during the push movement. Both concentric and eccentric contractions occurred in muscles of the lower limbs, with eccentric contraction occurring mainly in the anti-gravity muscles such as the rectus femoris and the medial head of gastrocnemius. The forward and backward shifts in centre of gravity (CG) were mainly accomplished by increasing and decreasing respectively the joint angles of the bilateral lower limbs rather than by adopting a forward or backward postural lean. The path of the CG in the anteroposterior and mediolateral component was unique, and the sway or deviation from the path was small. The master maintained an upright posture and maintained a low CG (hips, knees, and ankles bent) while travelling slowly and steadily from one position to another.Conclusion:The eccentric muscle contraction of the lower limbs in the push movement of tai chi may help to strengthen the muscles.
Designing and Validation of Error Detection Software
Authors: Geoghegan Sean. J. , Avresky D. R. 
Published: July 2003

We propose a systematic approach for design and validation of error detection software. Formally, the semantic of a specification is represented by a transition system. This representation is then used to generate a flowgraph or ddgraph which is used to construct an execution path tree. The information obtained from this algorithm representation is used to aid in the design of software-based fault detection techniques for hardware faults. Flowgraph and ddgraph representations provide information to predict future program flow. During execution, the current program path is recorded, along with the expected path. Checks are placed to verify that the program path follows the predicted path. Algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT) techniques are used to detect data structure corrupting faults and to improve the fault coverage. Fault coverage provided by this approach for different types of hardware faults has been estimated through experiments with the software-based fault injection tool (SOFIT) and the data is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.