bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical measurements of Vulva and Vaginal length for an Unselected Indian population : A Multi-centric Cross-Sectional Prospective Study
Authors: Mangla Mishu , Garg Priyanka , Purini Priyanka Yoga , Paul Sayanti , Rathod Sandhya Rani , Kanikaram Poojitha , S Sevala Kavya , Jarathi Aparna , Patnaik Nabnita , Sharmila Vijayan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Female external genitalia also referred to as the ‘Vulva’ comprises the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethra, vulva vestibule, vestibular bulbs, Bartholin's glands, Skene's glands, vaginal opening.The appearance and morphology of vulva is dependent on race, ethnicity, age, hormonal status, parity, and body mass index. The present study was therefore planned with the objective of Preparation of nomogram regarding measurements of the vulva and vagina in the Indian population and to find the correlation between the measurements of female external genitalia in the Indian population and their body mass index, age, parity, frequency of sexual intercourse.
Material and Methods
1562 women were recruited from the out-patient departments of four tertiary care centers from India, two from southern part of the country, one from north and one from the eastern part. Genital measurements were taken while in the lithotomy position. With the help of a reusable metal calliper with graduations, which could measure to 1/10 mm. Measurements were recorded as mean ± SD and centiles were also prepared. The correlation between age, height, weight, BMI, parity and the frequency of sexual intercourse was studied with the help of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
Results
The mean length and width of labia majora are 9.7 ± 1.8 cm and 3.7 ± 0.8 cm respectively. Labia minora measures 5.7 ± 1.5 cm in length and 1.9 ± 0.7 cm in width. The mean length of the clitoris is 13.2 ± 4.5 mm and the mean width is 7.7 ± 3.1 mm. The perineal body measures 2.5 ± 0.7 cm. The average total vaginal length is 8.9 ± 1.4 cm.
Conclusion
The nomograms presented in the study can be used for reference range for counselling women undergoing any type of surgery on external genitalia including cosmetic gynecology surgeries. The centile curves can be used as reference ranges for women with different age and BMI.
Organophosphate Flame Retardants Exposure Predicts Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Lung Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Po-Ju , Lai Po-Chen , Lu Yueh-Chien , Pan Bo-Lin , Huang Wan-Ting , Kung Chia-Te , Chiang Jui-Chin , Cheng Fu-Jen , Wang Liang-Jen , Li Shau-Hsuan , Lee Wen-Chin , Ou Yu-Che , Wang Chin-Chou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background:
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been widely distributed in our environment, and potential health hazards, including lung injuries from OPFR exposure, have been raised.
Methods:
The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of OPFR exposure among lung cancer patients and its effects on epidermal growth factor (EGFR) expression. The current study enrolled 97 lung cancer patients, and their exposure to 10 OPFR compounds was evaluated using urine samples. Demographic and clinical features, along with urinary OPFR concentration, were compared based on the expression of EGFR gene. Spearman correlation was conducted to examine the relationship between OPFRs, while logistic regression was used to identify OPFR compounds that were independently associated with EGFR mutation.
Results:
OPFR exposure was found to be widespread in lung cancer patients, with an overall detection frequency of 98.81%. The urinary concentration of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) was significantly lower in the group with EGFR mutation. TBEP showed an inverse relationship with mutant EGFR, particularly in the highest quartile when comparing to the lowest quartile (odds ratio 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.65, p = 0.013).
Conclusions:
Exposure to OPFRs was prevalent in lung cancer patients. Among these pollutants, TBEP was identified as an independent inverse factor for the expression of EGFR mutation. Our study provides a reference for OPFR exposure in patients diagnosed with lung cancer and highlights the role of TBEP in evaluating EGFR mutation in this population.
Hybrid UM-LT-AHE Technique for Contrast Enhancement of Medical Images
Authors: Amusa Kamoli Akinwale , Idowu Olumayowa Ayodeji , Ilori Abolaji Okikiade 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This paper is concerned with combinations of un-sharp masking, logarithmic transformation and adaptive histogram equalization techniques to arrive at a hybrid method for enhancement different types of medical image’ contrast. Motivation behind the hybridization is the need to have a contrast enhancement method that is not application specific and that can be deplored to several medical image enhancement. Four different types of medical images: X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computer tomographic images are utilized in the evaluations of the proposed hybrid contrast enhancement method. As performance metrics, absolute mean brightness error, mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio and entropy are used. Comparative results both qualitative and quantitative, were conducted at the end of the research, and the proposed method out-perform other three (CLAHE, Fuzzy-based and Wavelet Transform-based) related selected methods in the field which used the same dataset in terms of testing accuracy. The enhancement quality of the proposed method was found to be satisfactory and can be used for any time of medical image, thus, the proposed hybrid technique produces better enhanced medical images from different medical image inputs.
Assessing the growth response to climate of Douglas fir under European temperate oceanic conditions
Authors: Guisset Camille , Ponette Quentin , Vincke Caroline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Douglas-fir has been largely introduced in Europe due to its high productivity. Although it is considered as a relatively drought tolerant species, its ability to cope with climate change remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate Douglas fir growth response to climate in its current climatic optimum in Europe. A total of 720 cores were taken from 360 trees in 24 adult Douglas fir stands in the Belgian Ardennes, spanning a range of annual climatic water balance (368–700 mm), estimated maximal soil extractable water reserve, and stand basal area (30–53 m²/ha). Climate-growth relationships over the 1976–2020 period were investigated through Bootstrapped Correlation Coefficients (BCCs) calculation on detrended chronologies. Principal Component Analysis was computed on the BCCs to explore how growth response could be modulated according to the three above-mentioned site and stand characteristics. Radial growth was favoured by mild and wet late winters-early springs; warmer temperatures at the end of the growing season and in winter; and wetter early summers. The studied site and stand conditions did not influenced these climate-growth relationships, indicating a strong tree species response to climate. BCCs computed on moving windows showed an increased Douglas fir sensitivity to summer water deficit over time, which could offset its ability to benefit from higher temperatures in the late growing season and in winter in the future.
Parental education and child development: long and short term outcomes
Authors: Jacob Nikita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There has been growing evidence of educational attainment of spouses on marriage, dissolution and fertility patterns, economic well-being, family investments in children as well as parenting practises and standards. This paper, using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, examines the relationship between educational homogamy of spouses on child’s outcomes which is measured by college enrollments and college graduation for children between 18-28 years of age. Using variation in the timing of implementation of joint child custody and unilateral divorce laws across the United States, I find that if the spouses are similar in their educational attainment levels, the propensity of their children enrolling in college increases. Thus, suggesting that spouses with similar educational levels are perhaps less likely to face frictions in terms of household management and therefore more likely to strategically invest in their childrens future.
The role of the BELL1-2 transcription factor in the development of legume-rhizobial symbiosis
Authors: A.V. Dolgikh , E.S. Kantsurova , A.M. Dymo , E.A. Dolgikh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nodule development is a process that is tightly regulated by phytohormones, mainly gibberellins and cytokinins. During nodule development gibberellins and cytokinins play an important role in the infection development and organogenesis. However, the interaction between these phytohormones is not yet clear. In our research we first demonstrated that the BELL1-2 transcription factor can influence gibberellin and cytokinin biosynthesis genes during nodule development. It was also found that BELL1-2 can regulate SHY2-like gene which is specifically involved in the control of meristem maintenance and organogenesis. Localisation of the expression of the pMtBELL1-2::GUS promoter showed that the gene is expressed in the primordia, as well as in the infection zone and the nitrogen-fixing zone of mature nodules. Furthermore, we detected an increase in the infection zone in M. truncatula nodules with BELL1-2 RNAi due to the modified growth of the infection threads. In summary, we conclude that BELL1-2 plays an important role in the control of infection and organogenesis in legume plants.
fenomenologia de Habermas e suas contribuições para a hermenêutica
Authors: Gomes Sandro roberto de Santana , Menezes Anderson de Alencar 
Published: November 2023

A fenomenologia no pensamento de Jürgen Habermas e suas contribuições para a hermenêutica representam uma abordagem crítica e engajada na compreensão do Mundo da Vida e da interpretação dos fenômenos sociais. Habermas enfatiza a importância da intersubjetividade e da comunicação autônoma na construção do conhecimento e na formação de significados compartilhados. Ele crítica a hermenêutica tradicional por negligenciar a dimensão social da interpretação e propõe uma hermenêutica emancipatória que busca revelar as estruturas de poder e as ideologias presentes na sociedade. Suas contribuições incluem a ênfase na comunicação discursiva, na crítica ideológica e na promoção da participação democrática na interpretação das vibrações comunicativas e dos contextos sociais. A fenomenologia no pensamento de Habermas destaca a importância da intersubjetividade e da comunicação na construção do conhecimento e na formação de significados compartilhados. Ele enfatiza que a linguagem e a interação social são essenciais para a reconstrução da Democracia, permitindo uma troca de perspectivas e a construção de consensos em torno da justiça social.
The Novel Prognostic Biomarker MAPK12 Promotes Migration, Proliferation,
and Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Yuxi , Liu Tianyi , Li Manyu , Chen Juan , Fang Xiaodan , Tang Zhangui 
Published: November 2023

Background::
The prognosis and survival rate of patients with head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain a serious public health concern. Therefore,
elucidation of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the biological behavior of HNSCC
is crucial for the development of effective treatment strategies.

Methods and Materials:
In this study, we analyzed the TCGA database and found that
MAPK12 was overexpressed in tumor samples compared to normal samples, which was
confirmed by microarray expression profiles, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,
and immunohistochemistry.

Results::
Cell functional experiments, including the cell counting kit-8 assay, wound
healing test, and Transwell assay, revealed that MAPK12 overexpression increased the
proliferation, invasion, and migration of HNSCC cells. A correlation was observed between
MAPK12 expression and patient survival in HNSCC across several clinicopathological
variables, including disease grade and stage. Analysis of immune-related functions
demonstrated that HNSCC patients with low MAPK12 expression had a more favorable
tumor immune microenvironment and better immunological functions.

Conclusion::
Collectively, our study identified for the first time that MAPK12 is upregulated
in HNSCC, functioning as an oncogene, indicating a suppressive tumor immune
microenvironment and poor prognosis since it could promote cancer cell proliferation,
invasion, and migration. However, further studies are needed to gain a more comprehensive
understanding of the role of MAPK12 in HNSCC and other tumor types.
Knockdown of LRCH4 Remodels Tumor Microenvironment Through
Inhibiting YAP and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Zhiwen , Cui Zhenhua , Wang Xianren , Lv Yanfeng 
Published: November 2023

Background::
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies
worldwide. LRCH4 is the top 1 gene associated with an unfavorable prognosis in colorectal
cancer.

Methods::
Here, we reported that the knockdown of LRCH4 inhibited the proliferation, migration
and invasion in HT29 cells.

Results::
The activity of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP), a transcription factor in the Hppo-YAP
signaling pathway, was significantly inhibited by LRCH4-siRNA. LRCH4 knockdown also reversed
the EMT and regulated the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, Fibronectin
and Collagen IV in HT29 cells. In addition, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, as the downstream
pathway of Yap, was also inhibited by LRCH4 knockdown.

Conclusion::
Knockdown of LRCH4 involved in the regulation of ECM and EMT and inhibited YAP
and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Our study provided a mechanism
of LRCH4 on colorectal cancer cells, and a new potential target for clinical tumor treatment
Development and Validation of an Algorithm Model for Predicting Heat Sink
Effects during Pulmonary Thermal Ablation
Authors: Du Peng , Chen Zenan , Yuwen Chang , Meng Liangliang , Feng Wei , Ge Zongyuan , Zhang Xiao , Xiao Yueyong 
Published: November 2023

Aims:
The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm model to predict the heat sink effect during thermal ablation of lung tumors and to assist doctors in the formulation and adjustment of surgical protocols.

Background:
The heat sink effect is an important factor affecting the therapeutic effect of tumor thermal ablation. At present, there is no algorithm model to predict the intraoperative heat sink effect automatically, which needs to be measured manually, which lacks accuracy and consumes time.

Objective:
To construct a segmentation model based on convolutional neural network, it can automatically identify and segment pulmonary nodule and vascular structure, and measure the distance between nodule and vascular.

Methods:
First, the classical Faster RCNN model was used as the nodule detection network. After obtaining the bounding box of pulmonary nodules, the VSPP-NET model was used to segment nodules in the bounding box. The distance from the nodule to the vasculature was measured after the surrounding vasculature was segmented by the VSPP-NET model. The lung CT images of 392 patients with pulmonary nodules were used as the training data of the algorithm. Sixty-eight cases were used as algorithm validation data, 29 as nodule algorithm test data, and 80 as vascular algorithm test data. We compared the heat sink effect of 29 cases of data with the results of the algorithm model and expert segmentation and compared the difference between the two results.

Results:
In pulmonary CT image vasculature segmentation, the recall and precision of the algorithm model reached &amp;gt;0.88 and &amp;gt;0.78, respectively. The average time for automatic segmentation of each image model is 29 seconds, and the average time for manual segmentation is 158 seconds. The output image of the model shows that the results of nodule segmentation and nodule distance measurement are satisfactory. In terms of heat sink effect prediction, the positive rate of the algorithm group was 28.3% and that of the expert group was 32.1%, with no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.687).

Conclusion:
The algorithm model developed in this study shows good performance in predicting the heat sink effect during pulmonary thermal ablation. It can improve the speed and accuracy of nodule and vessel segmentation, save ablation planning time, reduce the interference of human factors, and provide more reference information for surgeons to make ablation plans to improve the ablation effect.
Chemistry, Biological Properties, and Bio-analysis of Tafamidis, a New
Transthyretin Stabilizer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agarwal Nikhil , Sharma Sanjay , Sultan Jasira 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Cardiomyopathy is a global health crisis that affects people all over the
world. Consequently, scientists felt compelled to look for and develop ever-more-powerful
pharmaceuticals. For ATTR-CM, the only drug currently recommended by the European Society
of Cardiology is Tafamidis.

Objectives:
The primary aim of this review article is to understand the chemistry, pharmacodynamic,
pharmacokinetic, and bio-analytical methods available for Tafamidis.

Methods:
A systematic review of the existing resources was accomplished up to 2022, comprising
existing studies forming the database covering the existing resources from Web of Science,
ScienceDirect, and PubMed.

Results:
The review was based on a systematic review of all the existing studies used to formulate
the database. The study also illustrated the PRISMA design that systematically analyses the
prevalent resources.

Conclusion:
Minimal analytical techniques are observed for quantifying the Tafamidis and
transthyretin kinetic stabiliser. Therapeutic, pharmacological, and analytical considerations for
the novel drug Tafamidis are discussed in this review. Particular attention is paid to the many
different analytical and bioanalytical methods currently available for estimating Tafamidis, and
the need is highlighted to develop a straightforward, validated technique that meets green chemistry
standards.
Irrigation Scheduling of Pawale Project using FAO-CROPWAT 8.0
Authors: Somani Pooja , Charhate Shrikant , Garudkar Avinash 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
The application of irrigation water to various crops in the command area
based on daily crop water requirements considering the water holding capacity of different
irrigated soils is a vital aspect of irrigation management. Considering the importance of irrigation
scheduling, the FAO CROPWAT 8.0 is a patent tool, as it gives crop water requirements and
irrigation schedules based on climatological and physiographic factors.

Method:
In this patent study, the CROPWAT 8.0 model is used to integrate the Cropwat model,
long-term climate data is used, soil sensitivity analysis is performed and crop-specific water need
is identified for the command area of the Pawale irrigation project which is a novelty as cropwat
is not used previously for the study area. Pawale irrigation project is located in the Thane district
of Maharashtra, India. Nineteen years of climatic data are used for the analysis, considering seven
crops to calculate the crop water and net irrigation requirement for the kharif and rabi seasons.

Result:
The result indicates that crop-wise and season-wise variation of crop water requirement is
from 2.5 to 1055.1 mm, and the net irrigation requirement for the year is 618.6 mm. It is also
observed that rice requires more water from the initial stage up to the development stage than
other crops considered in this study.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we can say that the cropwat model with long-term climate data can
develop effective data for crop's specific water needs. The results indicate that evapotranspiration
has a greater impact on crop water and net irrigation requirements because, in both cases, the
increase or decrease of ETo will affect the crops and their water requirement. The sensitivity
analysis for different types of soils is also carried out for groundnut. The result indicates that,
apart from crops, soil water-holding capacity is essential for irrigation scheduling. It is seen that
nine rotations are required for red sandy soil as compared to six rotations and four rotations for
red sandy, loamy soil and black clay soil, respectively.
Exploring Whether the Electronic Optimization of Routine Health Assessments Can Increase Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Provider Acceptability at an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service: Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: McCormack Heather , Wand Handan , Newman Christy E , Bourne Christopher , Kennedy Catherine , Guy Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

Background
In the context of a syphilis outbreak in neighboring states, a multifaceted systems change to increase testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young Aboriginal people aged 15 to 29 years was implemented at an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) in New South Wales, Australia. The components included electronic medical record prompts and automated pathology test sets to increase STI testing in annual routine health assessments, the credentialing of nurses and Aboriginal health practitioners to conduct STI tests independently, pathology request forms presigned by a physician, and improved data reporting.

Objective
We aimed to determine whether the systems change increased the integration of STI testing into routine health assessments by clinicians between April 2019 and March 2020, the inclusion of syphilis tests in STI testing, and STI testing uptake overall. We also explored the understandings of factors contributing to the acceptability and normalization of the systems change among staff.

Methods
We used a mixed methods design to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the systems change implemented in 2019. We calculated the annual proportion of health assessments that included tests for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, as well as an internal control (blood glucose level). We conducted an interrupted time series analysis of quarterly proportions 24 months before and 12 months after the systems change and in-depth semistructured interviews with ACCHS staff using normalization process theory.

Results
Among 2461 patients, the annual proportion of health assessments that included any STI test increased from 16% (38/237) in the first year of the study period to 42.9% (94/219) after the implementation of the systems change. There was an immediate and large increase when the systems change occurred (coefficient=0.22; P=.003) with no decline for 12 months thereafter. The increase was greater for male individuals, with no change for the internal control. Qualitative data indicated that nurse- and Aboriginal health practitioner–led testing and presigned pathology forms proved more difficult to normalize than electronic prompts and shortcuts. The interviews identified that staff understood the modifications to have encouraged cultural change around the role of sexual health care in routine practice.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence for the first time that optimizing health assessments electronically is an effective and acceptable strategy to increase and sustain clinician integration and the completeness of STI testing among young Aboriginal people attending an ACCHS. Future strategies should focus on increasing the uptake of health assessments and promote whole-of-service engagement and accountability.