bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first analysis of three long-period low mass-ratio contact binaries
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Kai , Gao Xiang , Guo Ya-Ni , Li Ling-Zhi , Liu Xin-Yi , Li Ke-Xin , Gao Xin-Yi , Gao Xing , Sun Guo-You , Wang Xi , Yin Shi-Peng 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The photometric and spectroscopic studies of three contact binaries, ASASSN-V J052036.28+144711.0, ASASSN-V J064846.22+241709.9, and ASASSN-V J073441.02+555833.0 were performed for the first time. The periods of all the three targets are longer than 0.5 d, and we discovered that their mass ratios are all smaller than 0.25. So, they are long-period low mass-ratio contact binaries. ASASSN-V J052036.28+144711.0 and ASASSN-V J064846.22+241709.9 are medium contact binaries. ASASSN-V J073441.02+555833.0 is a deep contact binary, which is also the only one existing O’Connell effect. We attached a dark spot on its secondary component for a better fit of light curves featuring asymmetry. From orbital period analysis, two of the three targets are believed to demonstrate a secular period increase, while one shows no long-term variation. We employed the spectral subtraction approach to investigate the LAMOST spectra, while all of the three binaries show no H α emission line, implying no chromospheric activity. Their initial masses, current average densities, and mass transfer rates between the two components were calculated. We obtained that the three targets are stable for the moment.
Efficacy of Sitafloxacin for Mycoplasma genitalium in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Samra Ranjit S , Plummer Erica L , Vodstrcil Lenka A , Aguirre Ivette , Clarke Emily J , Fairley Christopher K , Chow Eric P F , Bradshaw Catriona S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium is rising globally and antimicrobial options are limited. We evaluated the efficacy of sitafloxacin regimens for macrolide-resistant M genitalium at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, between January 2017 and February 2022. Before June 2017, patients received doxycycline followed by sitafloxacin; subsequently, patients received doxycycline followed by combined doxycycline + sitafloxacin. Of 229 patients treated with a sitafloxacin regimen, 80.6% experienced microbial cure. Sitafloxacin cured 94.2% of infections that had not previously failed moxifloxacin and 69.5% of infections that had; prior failure of moxifloxacin was associated with an 8-fold odds of sitafloxacin failure. There was no difference in cure between sequential monotherapy and combination therapy when patients were stratified by past failure of moxifloxacin (P &gt; .05); however, small numbers limited comparisons. Sitafloxacin was well tolerated and still achieved 70% cure in patients in whom moxifloxacin had failed. These data highlight the benefit of incorporating relevant fluoroquinolone resistance markers into assays to assist clinical decision making.
A History of the Scots Language
Authors: Millar Robert McColl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides both a sociolinguistic and a linguistic history of the Scots language, spoken both in Scotland and Ulster. It provides this material in two ways, reflecting both the historical, political, and economic forces which affected the status and use of Scots and the linguistic developments through which, like all languages, Scots has passed. Chapters 1 and 2 act as introductions, the first attempting to provide an analysis of what Scots is, in particular in relation to Standard English. The second chapter discusses the Indo-European background of Scots, while also discussing the linguistic ecology of what is now Scotland before Anglian dialects were introduced in the post-Roman period. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the sociolinguistic factors which have influenced the development of the language. Chapter 3 discusses the ‘rise’ of the language to being the de facto official language of Scotland; Chapter 4 considers its ‘fall’, analysing the social, economic, and political forces which led to its dialectalization under English. The formation of Scottish Standard English is also discussed in depth. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 analyse system-internal change in, respectively, the phonological, morphosyntactic, and lexical systems of Scotland. While a coherent narrative is maintained throughout, dialect-based development and change is given prominence. Chapter 8 provides a brief summary of what has been covered in the book, while at the same time suggesting future research projects which might prove productive.
Net zero electricity: the UK 2035 target
Authors: Helm Dieter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The UK is, like its peers in the EU, just under 80% dependent on fossil fuels. This figure has come down just over 10% since the 1970s, a period when the UK had major energy-intensive industries, most of which are now gone. The government is committed to achieving net zero for the electricity sector by 2035 on the pathway to net zero for the whole economy by 2050.. The Labour opposition has set 2030 as its electricity target. Setting out the scale of this challenge, this paper demonstrates how implausible the 2035 target is. On present policies there is little prospect that the 2035 target will be met (and virtually none for the Labour 2030 target). This paper reviews the multiple current policies and the capacity objectives and explores what would have to happen to meet the target. It sets out some of the consequences of failure to deliver, and the expectation of that failure.
Sensitive intervention points: a strategic approach to climate action
Authors: Mealy Penny , Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Ives Matthew C , Srivastav Sugandha , Hepburn Cameron 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While some countries are making progress reducing greenhouse gas emissions, few are progressing rapidly enough to be on track to reach net zero emissions by mid-century. The transition to net zero involves deep structural transformation of the global economy and its associated complex socio-technical systems. Here, we set out a conceptual framework to identify ‘sensitive intervention points’ (SIPs) in systems where a small or moderately-sized intervention could drive outsized impacts and transformational change. These points take three forms: (i) critical tipping points, such as a critical price threshold, (ii) critical nodes in networks, such as an influential actor in a social network, and (iii) critical points in time, where windows of opportunity for change open up. We also propose an assessment methodology for prioritizing interventions in terms of their potential impacts, risks, and ease of implementation. We apply our framework and assessment methodology to evaluate a list of proposed interventions for accelerating global decarbonization. Promising interventions include investing in key clean energy technologies with consistent cost declines, introducing central bank policies to reduce the value of polluting collateral, and enhancing climate-related financial risk disclosure.
Policy complementarity and the paradox of carbon pricing
Authors: Grubb Michael , Poncia Alexandra , Drummond Paul , Neuhoff Karsten , Hourcade Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present an economics framework appropriate to the exceptionally broad scope of the climate change problem. This considers that economic and social processes, particularly those involved in purposive transitions of energy technologies and systems, involve the interplay between three distinct domains of decision-making and associated actors. The first concerns small-scale and often short-term decision-making, much of which reflects extensive ‘satisficing’ and habituation as identified in behavioural economics. Calculated economic optimization decisions, especially of companies in the energy and energy-intensive industries, then best reflect the core assumptions of neoclassical and welfare economics, including discrete market failures. Third, at the largest scale are strategic judgements made by big actors (e.g. governments, large multinational companies) relevant to transformation of complex systems over long periods—particularly concerning innovation and structural changes, for which lessons from theories of evolutionary and institutional economics are most relevant.Economically, these can be logically mapped in relation to the technology (or more accurately, ‘best practice’) frontier. Each has corresponding policy implications: most directly, respectively in terms of (i) standards and engagement to establish norms; (ii) competitive markets with the critical role of prices; and (iii) strategic investment in innovation and infrastructure. Each faces challenges of implementation and government failure, as observed, for example, with wholly inadequate carbon pricing to date, naïve and ineffective approaches to enhancing energy efficiency, or misdirected support to R&D. Based on the domain distinctions, we argue that the corresponding pillars of policy are naturally complementary, and can be mutually supportive: strong standards and norms on energy efficiency, for example, would enhance the political space for carbon pricing by reducing its direct consumer impacts, while carbon pricing has multiple positive two-way interactions with enhanced low-carbon innovation.From this we also posit a ‘carbon pricing paradox’: that adequate carbon prices, the central recommendation of most economists, are in most jurisdictions only feasible (or even optimal) if equal analytic and policy attention is devoted to the other pillars, and the wider context of macroeconomic and fiscal policies. Only these other aspects can reduce the absolute cost impact of carbon pricing (potentially turning into a gain) and offer consumers and businesses better lower-carbon alternatives, which are critical to establishing climate-compatible pricing structures across our economies.
Rice requires a chromatin remodeler for Polymerase IV-small interfering RNA production and genomic immunity
Authors: Xu Dachao , Zeng Longjun , Wang Lili , Yang Dong-Lei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Transgenes are often spontaneously silenced, which hinders the application of genetic modifications to crop breeding. While gene silencing has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the molecular mechanism of transgene silencing remains elusive in crop plants. We used rice (Oryza sativa) plants silenced for a 35S::OsGA2ox1 (Gibberellin 2-oxidase 1) transgene to isolate five elements mountain (fem) mutants showing restoration of transgene expression. In this study, we isolated multiple fem2 mutants defective in a homolog of Required to Maintain Repression 1 (RMR1) of maize (Zea mays) and CLASSY (CLSY) of Arabidopsis. In addition to failing to maintain transgene silencing, as occurs in fem3, in which mutation occurs in NUCLEAR RNA POLYMERASE E1 (OsNRPE1), the fem2 mutant failed to establish transgene silencing of 35S::OsGA2ox1. Mutation in FEM2 eliminated all RNA POLYMERASE IV (Pol-IV)–FEM1/OsRDR2 (RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2)-dependent small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), reduced DNA methylation on genome-wide scale in rice seedlings, caused pleiotropic developmental defects, and increased disease resistance. Simultaneous mutation in 2 FEM2 homologous genes, FEM2-Like 1 (FEL1) and FEL2, however, did not affect DNA methylation and rice development and disease resistance. The predominant expression of FEM2 over FEL1 and FEL2 in various tissues was likely caused by epigenetic states. Overexpression of FEL1 but not FEL2 partially rescued hypomethylation of fem2, indicating that FEL1 maintains the cryptic function. In summary, FEM2 is essential for establishing and maintaining gene silencing; moreover, FEM2 is solely required for Pol IV–FEM1 siRNA biosynthesis and de novo DNA methylation.
A Cross-sectional Conceptual Replication and Longitudinal Evaluation of the PANSS-Autism-Severity-Score Measure Suggests it Does Not Capture Autistic Traits in Individuals With Psychosis
Authors: Chisholm Katharine , Schirmbeck Frederike , Pinkham Amy E , Sasson Noah J , Simons Claudia J P , de Haan Lieuwe , Harvey Philip D , Penn David L , Ziermans Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Autism and psychosis co-occur at elevated rates, with implications for clinical outcomes, functioning, and suicidality. The PANSS-Autism-Severity-Score (PAUSS) is a measure of autism trait severity which has not yet been validated externally or longitudinally.

Study Design
Participants were derived from the GROUP and SCOPE datasets. Participants included 1448 adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), 800 SSD-siblings, 103 adults diagnosed with an autistic spectrum condition (ASC), and 409 typically-developing controls (TC). Analyses from the original validation study were conducted with SSD participants, and extended into ASC, SSD-sibling, and TC participants. Test–retest reliability of the PAUSS at 2-weeks and long-term stability 3 and 6-years was also examined.

Study Results
Results differed in important ways from the original validation. SSD participants reported higher PAUSS scores than other groups, with only a fraction of ASC participants scoring as “PAUSS-Autistic.” Cronbach’s alpha was acceptable for the SSD cohort only. Two-week stability of the PAUSS was fair to good for all PAUSS scores. Long-term stability was poor for most PAUSS items but fair for total PAUSS score.

Conclusions
Results suggest that the PAUSS does not appear appropriate for assessing autism, with the low rate of PAUSS-Autistic in the ASC population suggesting the PAUSS may not accurately reflect characteristics of autism. The relative lack of long-term stability is cause for concern and suggestive that the PAUSS is capturing features of psychosis rather than autism traits.
Comparing regulatory options: the role of epistemic policies and pragmatic consequences
Authors: López-Mas Roberto , Luján José Luis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The controversies surrounding the regulation of technology depend, among other factors, on the diversity of the regulatory objectives prioritized by the distinct social actors. These differences may also lead to controversies in the realm of regulatory science: controversies between distinct epistemic policies. As controversies are partly the result of prioritizing different objectives, comparing alternative regulatory options is a seemingly impossible endeavour. In this paper, we offer a partial solution to this problem by proposing a means of comparing different regulatory options. This proposal makes it possible to analyse and assess the different options and facilitates the adoption of compromises between the various parties to the controversy, even if it is unable to eliminate the differences in the prioritization of objectives. The case study we have used to illustrate the main ideas of this paper is the controversy surrounding the regulation of health claims in the European Union.
The association between histological subtypes and lymph node metastasis and prognosis in early esophageal cancer: a population-based study
Authors: Lin Jun-Peng , Chen Xiao-Feng , Zhou Hang , Zhuang Feng-Nian , He Hao , Chen Wei-Jie , Wang Feng , Liu Shuo-Yan 
Published: November 2023

Background
There is still a lack of high-level clinical evidence and uniform conclusions on whether there are differences in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and prognosis between early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
Patients with surgically resected, histologically diagnosed, pT1 EAC or ESCC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries database from 2004 to 2015 were included. Multivariable logistic regression, Cox regression, multivariate competing risk model, and propensity score matching were used to analyze association the histology and LNM or prognosis.

Results
A total of 570 early esophageal cancer patients were included. The LNM rates were 13.8% and 15.1% for EAC and ESCC (P = 0.757), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between histological type and LNM (odds ratio [OR], 1.209; 95% CI, 0.538–2.715; P = 0.646). Moreover, the prognosis of early EAC and ESCC was shown to be comparable in both multivariate Cox regression (hazard ratio [HR], 1.483; 95% CI, 0.699–3.150; P = 0.305) and the multivariate competing risk model (subdistribution HR, 1.451; 95% CI, 0.628–3.354; P = 0.383). After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences between early EAC and ESCC in terms of LNM (10.6% vs.18.2%, P = 0.215), 5-year CSS (89.8% [95% CI, 81.0%–98.6%] vs. 79.1% [95% CI, 67.9%–90.3%], P = 0.102) and 5-year cumulative incidence of CSS (10.2% [95% CI, 1.4%–19.0%] vs. 79.1% [95% CI, 9.7%–32.1%], P = 0.124).

Conclusion
The risk of LNM and prognosis of early ESCC and EAC are comparable, so the treatment choice for early esophageal cancer does not depend on the histologic type.
Efficiency and Related Factors of Multifocal Soft Contact Lenses in Controlling Myopia
Authors: Peng Tianli , Jiang Jun 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
To evaluate ocular changes in Chinese myopic children wearing multifocal soft contact lenses and explore their efficiency and related factors.

Method:
This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study. A total of 36 myopic children aged 7 to 12 years were randomly divided into groups wearing multifocal soft contact lenses (MFCLs) or single-vision soft contact lenses (SVCLs) and followed up for 12 months. The spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), choroidal thickness, and vascularity were measured before commencement and after 6 and 12 months of lens wear. Correlation between ocular changes and myopia progression was determined.

Results:
A total of 32 subjects (6 males and 26 females) completed the study and were included in the analysis. After 12 months of lens wear, both the AL elongation (0.25±0.22 vs. 0.43±0.16 mm, P=0.011) and the SE progression (−0.69±0.69 D vs. −1.45±0.56 D, P=0.002) of the MFCL group were significantly lower than those of the SVCL group. After 12 months, the progression of myopia was significantly correlated with changes of the choroid in the MFCL wearers, whereas no such correlation was observed in the SVCL group.

Conclusion:
Multifocal soft contact lens can slow myopia progression, and this effect may be related to the changes of the choroid.
The effect of gender on clinical outcomes following routine revascularizations with polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents
Authors: Krackhardt Florian , Yan Guangyao , Kherad Behrouz , Blaich Birgit , Leschke Matthias , Waliszewski Matthias 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Gender-specific outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions were studied by a number of research groups with different endpoints and cohorts of different ethnic extractions. The purpose of this report is to use propensity score matching to determine gender-specific differences in clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions with polymer-free sirolimus-coated stents.

Materials and methods:
The basis for this post hoc analysis was two large all-comers studies with prospectively enrolled patients from Europe and Asia. Data were pooled and analyzed in terms of clinical outcomes to assess the impact of gender in patients with stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. The primary endpoint was the accumulated target-lesion revascularization rate whereas secondary endpoints consisted of the event rates for major adverse cardiac events (MACE), myocardial infarction, bleeding events and death from all causes. The purpose of these post hoc analyses was to detect potential differences in clinical outcomes between females and males in unselected and propensity-score-matched cohorts.

Results:
Overall, in the unmatched cohorts, accumulated target-lesion revascularization rates did not differ between both genders (2.7% vs. 2.0%; P = 0.101), however, accumulated MACE rates were higher in females than in males (5.2% vs. 3.9%; P = 0.020). After propensity-score-matching, primarily adjusting for age, hypertension and diabetes, our data revealed similar accumulated MACE in women and men (5.5% vs. 5.2%; P = 0.749). In the unmatched STEMI subgroup, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in females driven by older age (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In the propensity-score-matched real-world cohorts, female gender was not a predictor for increased rates of accumulated MACE. In the unmatched STEMI subgroup, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in females due to older age. Age seems to be the determining factor for increased clinical event rates and not gender.
The prognostic importance of the Naples prognostic score for in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Saygi Mehmet , Tanalp Ali Cevat , Tezen Ozan , Pay Levent , Dogan Remziye , Uzman Osman , Karabay Can Yucel , Tanboga Ibrahim Halil , Kacar Flora Ozkalayci , Karagoz Ali 
Published: November 2023

Background
The Naples prognostic score (NPS) is an effective inflammatory and nutritional scoring system widely applied as a prognostic factor in various cancers. However, the prognostic significance of NPS is unknown in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of the NPS in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI.

Methods
The study consisted of 3828 patients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent primer percutaneous coronary intervention. As the primary outcome, in-hospital mortality was defined as all-cause deaths during hospitalization. The included patients were categorized into three groups based on NPS (group 1:NPS = 0,1,2; group 2:NPS = 3; group 3:NPS = 4)

Results
Increased NPS was associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates(P < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the relationship between NPS and in-hospital mortality continued after adjustment for age, male sex, diabetes, hypertension, Killip score, SBP, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial infarction type and postprocedural no-reflow. A strong positive association was found between in-hospital mortality and NPS by multivariable logistic regression analysis [NPS 0–1–2 as a reference, OR = 1.73 (95% CI, 1.04–2.90) for NPS 3, OR = 2.83 (95% CI, 1.76–4.54) for NPS 4].

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that the NPS could independently predict in-hospital mortality in STEMI. Prospective studies will be necessary to confirm the performance, clinical applicability and practicality of the NPS for in-hospital mortality in STEMI.