bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,5‐Dichloro‐4,4‐ethylenedioxy‐3‐phenylsulfonyl‐2‐cyclopentenone in Nucleophilic Substitution and Addition Reactions
Authors: Ivanova N. A. , Usmanova F. G. , Miftakhov M. S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Arylative Cyclization of Alkyne‐Tethered Electron‐Deficient Olefins Catalyzed by Rhodium Complexes with Chiral Dienes.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interesting Acid‐Catalyzed O—N‐Type Smiles Rearrangement Reactions of 2‐Pyrimidinyloxy‐N‐arylbenzylamine Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yang , Liao Yuan‐Xi , Guo Yin‐Long , Tang Qing‐Hong , Lu Long 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iodine as a Novel and Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles by a Three‐Component Condensation of Carbonyl Compounds, Amines, and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide.
Authors: Royer Laurel , De Surya K. , Gibbs Richard A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of α‐Hydroxyketene Dithioacetals with Lawesson′s Reagent: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Dithioesters.
Authors: Nair Satheesh K. , Jose Ann Maria , Asokan C. V. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐Acyl‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyrrolidinecarbonitriles by the Reaction of 2‐Acylamino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐furancarbonitriles with Sodium Iodide.
Authors: Yamagata Kenji , Okabe Fumi , Maruoka Hiroshi , Tagawa Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unusual Tosyl Transfer Solvolysis Reaction to 3‐n‐Butyl‐4‐methyl‐5,5‐di‐p‐toluenesulfonyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐one.
Authors: Woydziak Zachary R. , Frost Brian J. , Lightner David A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐thieno[3,4‐b]pyrroles via Ring Transformation of Cyclic Sulfonium Ylides by Titanium(IV) Chloride—Triethylamine System.
Authors: Maruoka Hiroshi , Yamagata Kenji , Okabe Fumi , Tomioka Yukihiko 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of 2‐Alkoxypropenals with 2‐Aminoethanethiol and Ring‐Chain Tautomerism of the Resulting 2‐(1‐Alkoxyvinyl)‐1,3‐thiazolidines.
Authors: Keiko N. A. , Funtikova E. A. , Stepanova L. G. , Larina L. I. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction Between trans‐1‐Methoxy‐2‐methyl‐3‐trimethylsiloxybuta‐1,3‐diene and Aldehydes Catalyzed by (R)‐BINOL‐Ti(IV) Complex.
Authors: Gao Bo , Fu Zhengyan , Yu Zhipeng , Yu Lan , Huang Yaozong , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New 3‐(4‐Oxo‐4H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐3a,6a‐dihydropyrrolo [3,4‐d]isoxazole‐4,6‐dione Derivatives by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Xie Zhengfeng , Liu Fangming , Hui Yonghai , Liu Caihong , Sun Yadong 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of 6‐[(R)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐6‐]‐2,2′‐bipyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Jin Ri‐zhe , Bian Zheng , Kang Chuan‐qing , Guo Hai‐quan , Gao Lian‐xun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A First Example Using o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in Combination with Tetraethylammonium Bromide (TEAB) for Ring Expansion of 1,3‐Dithiolanes and 1,3‐Dithianes.
Authors: Shukla Vidyanand G. , Salgaonkar Paresh D. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Cyanopyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones: Effective and Chemoselective Electrophilic Cyanating Agents.
Authors: Kim Jeum‐Jong , Kweon Deok‐Heon , Cho Su‐Dong , Kim Ho‐Kyun , Jung Eun‐Young , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Falck J. R. , Yoon Yong‐Jin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fused Quinoline Heterocycles. Part 6. Synthesis of 5H‐1‐Thia‐3,5,6‐triazaaceanthrylenes and 5H‐1‐Thia‐3,4,5,6‐tetraazaaceanthrylenes.
Authors: Mekheimer Ramadan Ahmed , Sadek Kamal Usef , Abd El‐Nabi Hisham Ahmed , Abd El‐Hameid Mohamed Afaf , Ebraheem Ehab Anwer , Smith Michael B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐methyl‐5‐substituted‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors.
Authors: Gangjee Aleem , Jain Hiteshkumar D. , Queener Sherry F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quinolone Analogues. Part 8. Synthesis of 3‐Aminopyridazino[3,4‐b]quinoxalin‐4(1H)‐one.
Authors: Kurasawa Yoshihisa , Kawase Ayaka , Takizawa Jun , Maesaki Yuka , Kaji Eisuke , Okamoto Yoshihisa , Kim Ho Sik 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Sulfone‐Containing Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[5,1‐d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Wu Yan‐Chao , Zou Xiao‐Mao , Hu Fang‐Zhong , Yang Hua‐Zheng 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A new Entry to Pyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,4]diazeoines. Facile Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,4]diazepin‐5,8‐diones, 5,6,7‐Triones and Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]pyrrolo‐[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepin‐5,10‐diones.
Authors: Reddy Nalla Ram , Reddy Ghanta Mahesh , Reddy Padi Pratap 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dimethylmalonyltrialkylphosphoranes: Probing the Steric Effect on Phosphorus and Its Stereochemical Consequence in Esterification Reactions of Chiral Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Dyck J. , Zavorine S. , Robertson A. J. , Capretta A. , Larichev V. , Britten J. , McNulty J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies Toward the Synthesis of Azadirachtin. Part 1. Total Synthesis of a Fully Functionalized ABC Ring Framework and Coupling with a Norbornene Domain
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Sasmal Pradip K. , Roecker A. J. , Sun Xiao‐Wen , Mandal Sunil , Converso Antonella 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (1R,5S)‐4‐[(E)‐Alkylidene]‐1,8,8‐trimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo [3.2.1]octan‐3‐ones.
Authors: Groselj Uros , Bevk David , Jakse Renata , Meden Anton , Recnik Simon , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single‐Crystal Dendritic Micro‐Pines of Magnetic α‐Fe2O3: Large‐Scale Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Properties.
Authors: Cao Minhua , Liu Tianfu , Gao Song , Sun Genban , Wu Xinglong , Hu Changwen , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single‐Crystalline Iron Oxide Nanotubes.
Authors: Jia Chun‐Jiang , Sun Ling‐Dong , Yan Zheng‐Guang , You Li‐Ping , Luo Feng , Han Xiao‐Dong , Pang Yu‐Cheng , Zhang Ze , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Measuring and modelling the performance of a parallel ODMG compliant object database server
Authors: Sampaio Sandra de F. Mendes , Paton Norman W. , Smith Jim , Watson Paul 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObject database management systems (ODBMSs) are now established as the database management technology of choice for a range of challenging data intensive applications. Furthermore, the applications associated with object databases typically have stringent performance requirements, and some are associated with very large data sets. An important feature for the performance of object databases is the speed at which relationships can be explored. In queries, this depends on the effectiveness of different join algorithms into which queries that follow relationships can be compiled. This paper presents a performance evaluation of the Polar parallel object database system, focusing in particular on the performance of parallel join algorithms. Polar is a parallel, shared‐nothing implementation of the Object Database Management Group (ODMG) standard for object databases. The paper presents an empirical evaluation of queries expressed in the ODMG Query Language (OQL), as well as a cost model for the parallel algebra that is used to evaluate OQL queries. The cost model is validated against the empirical results for a collection of queries using four different join algorithms, one that is value based and three that are pointer based. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance of parallel matrix algorithms on a broadcast‐based architecture
Authors: Katsinis Constantine , Hecht Diana , Zhu Ming , Narravula Harsha 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDue to advances in fiber‐optics and very large scale integration (VLSI) technology, interconnection networks which allow multiple simultaneous broadcasts are becoming feasible. This paper summarizes one such multiprocessor architecture called the Simultaneous Optical Multiprocessor Exchange Bus (SOME‐Bus). It also presents enhancements to the network interface and the cache and directory controllers which support cache block combining, capture and prefetch, and allow complete overlap of processing time with the communication time due to compulsory misses. The paper uses two fundamental matrix algorithms to characterize the impact of each enhancement on performance. Cache miss analysis and results from the execution of these programs on a SOME‐Bus simulator show that block capture and prefetch combined with an effective block replacement policy succeed in significantly reducing the miss rate due to compulsory misses as the cache size increases, while a similar increase of cache size in traditional architectures leaves the miss rate due to compulsory misses unaffected. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic load‐balancing mechanism for distributed Java applications
Authors: Felea Violeta , Toursel Bernard 
Published: September 2005

AbstractProgram environments or operating systems generally leave the decision on the allocation of program entities to the developer, offering either placement directives, or tools available through the manipulation of a graphical interface. These approaches cannot always take into account the dynamic behavior of applications, dynamicity in the execution environment or the heterogeneity of the execution platform. Transparent deployment algorithms are necessary for automizing and optimizing application distribution. The Adaptive Distributed Applications in Java (ADAJ) project deals with placement and migration of Java objects. It automatically deploys parallel Java applications on a cluster of workstations using monitoring information about the application behavior. The transparency obtained through the integration of these tools in the middleware makes such an environment easy to use and improves efficiency. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust monitor construct with runtime fault detection
Authors: Cao Jiannong , Chan Alvin T. S. , Chan Stephen C. F. , Cheung Nick K. C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe monitor concept provides a structured and flexible high‐level programming construct to control concurrent accesses to shared resources. It has been widely used in a concurrent programming environment for implicitly ensuring mutual exclusion and explicitly achieving process synchronization. This paper proposes an extension to the monitor construct for detecting runtime errors in monitor operations. Monitors are studied and classified according to their functional characteristics. A taxonomy of concurrency control faults over a monitor is then defined. The concepts of a monitor event sequence and a monitor state sequence provide a uniform approach to history information recording and fault detection. Rules for detecting various types of faults are defined. Based on these rules, fault‐detection algorithms are developed. A prototypical implementation of the proposed monitor construct with runtime fault detection mechanisms has been developed in Java. We shall briefly report our experience with and the evaluation of the robust monitor prototype. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of Concurrent Hydride Migration Processes in a Triruthenium Cluster Capped by a Phenylphosphinidene (PPh) Ligand
Authors: Deeming Antony J. , Forth Caroline S. , Hyder Md. Iqbal , Kabir Shariff E. , Nordlander Ebbe , Rodgers Fiona , Ullmann Bettina 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo methods were used to synthesise [Ru3(μ‐H)2(μ3‐PPh)(CO)7(μ‐dppm)] (3) (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2), the subject of this paper. Treatment of [Ru3(CO)10(μ‐dppm)] (1) with phenylphosphane in refluxing THF gave both [Ru3(μ‐H)(μ‐PHPh)(CO)8(μ‐dppm)] (2) and [Ru3(μ‐H)2(μ3‐PPh)(CO)7(μ‐dppm)] (3). Cluster 2 converts to 3 in refluxing THF. Alternatively the phenylphosphinidene cluster [Ru3(μ‐H)2(μ3‐PPh)(CO)9] (4), prepared by the reported method of treating [Ru3(CO)12] with phenylphosphane, reacts with dppm to produce cluster 3. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of 2 and 3 are reported. Hydride mobility in [Ru3(μ‐H)2(μ3‐PPh)(CO)7(μ‐dppm)] (3) was analysed by variable‐temperature 1H and 31P{1H} NMR methods. The variations in the spectra with temperature could not be interpreted by a single process, several of which were explored and which gave inadequately matching computed and experimental spectra. However, the spectra were successfully analysed by two concurrent processes, both involving the migration of hydride ligands between Ru–Ru edges. The faster process leads to the exchange of the non‐equivalent phosphorus nuclei but not hydride exchange, whereas the hydrides are also exchanged in the slower process. Both processes require hydride ligand migration from one Ru–Ru edge to a vacant one. The hydride ligand bridging the same pair of ruthenium atoms as the dppm ligand is the slower to migrate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Self‐Assembly and Fluorescent Modification of Hydroxyapatite Nanoribbon Spherulites
Authors: Liu Jinku , Wu Qingsheng , Ding Yaping 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHydroxyapatite nanoribbon spherulites have been successfully synthesized, with the bioactive eggshell membrane as directing template and in the presence of ethylenediamine, in a one‐step reaction under mild conditions. The spherulites are about 2.5 μm in diameter and the extended nanoribbon about 1.1 μm long. The spherulites were modified with fluorescein to obtain a fluorescent probe material with strong luminescence. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Guanidinate Complexes of Heavier Alkaline‐Earth Metals (Ca, Sr): Syntheses, Structures, Styrene Polymerization and Unexpected Reaction Behaviour
Authors: Feil Florian , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe guanidinate complex [Ca{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe3)2}–N(Cy)}2] can be prepared in good yields and in crystalline purity by two different routes: 1) addition of [Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2] to (Cy)N=C=N(Cy) or 2) addition of KN(SiMe3)2 to (Cy)N=C=N(Cy) followed by a metathesis reaction of the obtained potassium guanidinate complex with CaI2. Crystallization from Et2O yielded [Ca{(Cy)N–C[N(SiMe3)2]–N(Cy)}2·(Et2O)] (1), which shows a C2‐symmetric structure in the crystal. A Sr analogue could be prepared likewise and also crystallizes as the mono‐etherate [Sr{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe3)2}–N(Cy)}2·(Et2O)] (2) with a very similar crystal structure. The Schlenk equilibrium between (1) and [Ca{α‐(Me3Si)‐o‐(Me2N)‐benzyl}2·(THF)2] (3) in benzene is not completely on the heteroleptic side; however, an excess of (1) yields predominantly the heteroleptic benzylcalcium complex [Ca{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe3)2}–N(Cy)}{α‐(Me3Si)‐o‐(Me2N)‐benzyl}] (4). Styrene polymerization with this mixture results largely in atactic polystyrene of which the molecular weight distribution shows a tailing in the lower range. This could be due to decomposition of the guanidinate ligand under the given polymerization conditions. It is shown that heating a mixture of 1 and 3 gives the crystalline decomposition product [Ca{(Cy)N–C{N(SiMe3)2}–N(Cy)}{(Cy)(TMS)N}] (5), which crystallizes as a dimer with bridging amide ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Strategy for Controlling the Central Torsion Angle in Biphenyl‐Based Molecular‐Scale Bridges
Authors: Benniston Andrew C. , Harriman Anthony , Patel Pritesh V. , Sams Craig A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of crown ether ligands (C4–C6) based upon the 2,2′‐biphenyl unit is described. In the series, the length of the polyether chain connecting the two oxygen atoms increases progressively. These polyethers are moderately fluorescent in acetonitrile solution, but this emission is partially quenched upon the addition of various alkali metal cations. Spectrofluorimetric titrations performed with MClO4 (M = Li+, Na+) or KPF6 show that binding to crown ethers C4–C6 involves the formation of a 1:1 cation/ligand complex. The geometry of the resultant complex depends on the nature of the bound cation and also on ionic strength. In particular, the photophysical properties of the polyether are sensitive to the torsion angle around the central connector in the biphenyl group. This approach, therefore, could be used to systematically vary the dihedral angle for biphenyl‐based molecular‐scale bridges. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Age‐related morphology trends of cortical sulci
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Mangin Jean‐François , Coyle Thomas , Lancaster Jack , Thompson Paul , Rivière Dennis , Cointepas Yann , Régis Jean , Schlosser Anita , Royall Don R. , Zilles Karl , Mazziotta John , Toga Arthur , Fox Peter T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe age‐related trends of the width and the depth of major cortical sulci were studied in normal adults. Ninety healthy subjects (47 males, 43 females) age 20–82 years were evaluated. Measurements of average sulcal width and depth in 14 prominent sulcal structures per hemisphere were performed with high‐resolution anatomical MRI. The average sulcal width increased at a rate of about 0.7 mm/decade, while the average sulcal depth decreased at a rate of about 0.4 mm/decade. Sulcal age‐related trends were found to be highly influenced by gender in the superior temporal, collateral, and cingulate sulci (P < 0.05), with males showing more pronounced age‐related change in sulcal width than females. Sulcal structures located in multimodal cortical areas showed more profound age‐related changes than sulcal structures in unimodal cortical areas (P < 0.05). Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen receptor polymorphisms and endometrial cancer risk
Authors: McGrath Monica , Lee I‐Min , Hankinson Susan E. , Kraft Peter , Hunter David J. , Buring Julie , De Vivo Immaculata 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) gene is a transcription factor responsible for mediating the physiological effects of androgens. Evidence suggests that androgens and the androgen receptor are involved in uterine cell proliferation. A polymorphic CAG repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene encodes a polyglutamine tract that is inversely correlated with the transcriptional activity of this gene. We assessed the association between the functional CAG repeat polymorphism and AR haplotypes and the risk of endometrial cancer in two nested case‐control studies within the Nurses' Health Study (n = 222 cases, 666 controls) and the Women's Health Study (n = 137 cases, 411 controls) using conditional and unconditional logistic regression. Associations between AR CAG repeat polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk were similar in the 2 case‐control studies. In the pooled analysis, women with an average repeat allele ≥22 repeats compared to <22 repeats were at a statistically significant decreased risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59–0.98). Women with one or two long alleles (≥27 repeats) compared to both alleles <22 repeats were also at a statistically significant decreased risk (OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36–0.99). We observed a modest yet statistically significant association for each one unit increase in the average repeat length and endometrial cancer risk (OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–1.00). Associations for the AR CAG average repeat length and endometrial cancer risk differed by menopausal status (p = 0.02). No significant associations between the AR haplotypes and endometrial cancer risk were observed. Our findings suggest that an increasing number of functional CAG repeats may be associated with endometrial carcinogenesis because of AR's reduced ability to recruit coregulators and other transcriptional components. (supplementary material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0020‐7136/suppmat/index.html). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chondroconductive potential of tantalum trabecular metal
Authors: Gordon Wanda J. , Conzemius Michael G. , Birdsall Elizabeth , Wannemuehler Yvonne , Mallapragada Surya , Lewallen David G. , Yaszemski Michael J. , O'Driscoll Shawn W. D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells or chondrocytes have been implanted into joints in biodegradable matrices in order to improve the quality of healing cartilage defects; however, insufficient biomechanical strength of the construct at implantation is a limiting factor for clinical application. Logically, a construct with better biomechanical characteristics would provide better results. Tantalum trabecular metal (TTM) is osteoconductive and mechanically similar to subchondral bone. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if TTM is also chondroconductive. Small sections of TTM were cultured with emu and canine chondrocytes in static and dynamic culture environments. The sections cultured in dynamic bioreactors were diffusely covered with a cartilaginous matrix. Sections cultured in static conditions had no growth. Histologic evaluation from emu and canine dynamic cultures showed tissue that was heavily populated with mesenchymal cells that resembled chondrocytes, and glycosaminoglycan staining that was distributed throughout the matrix. Type II collagen content in the canine dynamic culture was 84% by SDS‐PAGE. Tantalum trabecular metal is chondroconductivein vitroin a dynamic environment when cultured with adult canine or emu chondrocytes. This technology could be expanded to determine if cartilaginous–metallic constructs may be used for joint resurfacing of osteoarthritic joints. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005