bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
False Confidence
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how earlier encounters with infectious diseases, such as swine flu and SARS, which did not result in a global pandemic, perhaps left those in the medical profession with a sense of overconfidence in their capacity to handle such diseases. This confidence arguably did not serve them well in the lead-up to COVID-19 and may have contributed to some of the vulnerabilities at that time.
The New Us?
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how pandemics such as COVID-19 and, before it, the 1918 flu pandemic can create opportunities to reimagine a collective approach to health, even while acknowledging that although systems can be changed, human nature cannot—with all that entails for the choices people make about health. Engagement with health can be radically remade, but this does not require trying in vain to remake the essential characteristics of human beings.
Can We Be Led?
Authors: Stein Michael D. , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter questions which aspects of the COVID-19 response will be kept as permanent features of normal life and which will be discarded as no longer necessary. It suggests that thinking about this might be guided by two principles: (1) the importance of balancing safety in the face of disease risk with the need to live full lives, which will always entail some measure of risk; and (2) the need to continue protecting the populations most at risk of severe disease.
Russian Security in the Pacific Region
Authors: Ziegler Charles E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Russia’s claim to great power status in the Pacific has historically rested on military power, largely land based. The Asia Pacific is no longer the threatening environment of the previous century; Russia has developed a close strategic partnership with Asia’s rising power to counter the United States. The Sino-Russian partnership is of immense value to Moscow, allowing the Kremlin to focus on security threats from Europe without the traditional concern of potential conflicts simultaneously from the East and West. Putin’s dominance in foreign policy has prioritized a personal relationship with Xi Jinping and downplayed potential long-term conflicts between the two countries. Russia and China act together to balance American power in the Pacific and globally, although Moscow follows a hedging strategy with key regional actors to realize its economic interests and to avoid becoming too dependent on Beijing. Russia’s security perspective and military doctrine derive from a distinct spatial context, and from specific threats and opportunities that have shaped Moscow’s approach to the region for more than a century.
Conclusion
Authors: Ziegler Charles E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the major historical patterns in Russia’s foreign policy toward the Asia Pacific over the past century and a quarter: a continental perspective derived from the country’s vast geographic expanse; a bifurcated perspective on Russia’s civilizational identity between Europe and Asia; highly centralized and authoritarian forms of governance; weak economic capabilities relative to peer states; and a tendency to rely exclusively on military power and diplomacy rather than economic influence or soft power. These repeated patterns over time and across regimes suggest that structural geopolitical factors are of primary importance in understanding Russia’s Pacific policy, as realism would suggest. But realist approaches are incomplete. Certain Russian domestic institutions and cultural values have persisted over decades, and these institutions and values play a fundamental, if secondary, role in shaping foreign policy. Agency, in the form of powerful rulers, is important but tertiary. The analytical eclectic approach, utilizing both realist and constructivist approaches to Russian foreign policy from a historical perspective, accounts for both structural and domestic factors, providing insights into patterns of stability and change.
Does Socialism Violate Rights?
Authors: Sehon Scott R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It is sometimes claimed that socialism violates political rights like freedom of speech or freedom of religion, but arguments for this are found wanting. Others claim that socialism violates property rights or, more broadly, economic rights, though it is not immediately clear how such rights would be characterized. The chapter considers two possible arguments for a strong system of economic rights. The first argument stems from the libertarian idea of self-ownership or the related nonaggression principle. The second argument, defended by John Tomasi, claims that we must have a strong system of economic rights in order to preserve the right of people to be self-governing citizens. The chapter argues that both of these justifications fail.
Collective Control: The Democracy Argument
Authors: Sehon Scott R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter claims that several lines of reasoning suggest that greater collective ownership and control of the economy lead to greater well-being. First, there is the empirical correlation between greater collective control and greater happiness in the Scandinavian countries. Second, one can argue that moving in a more socialist direction increases the sense of community, and that this increases well-being. Third, one can argue that democracy is as good a way as we have for maximizing well-being; since democratic socialism expands democracy further into the realm of major economic decisions, this can be expected to increase well-being. Capitalists will dispute these claims, and their most important objection is considered in Part IV.
Krishna's Mahabharatas
Authors: Pillai Sohini Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recognized as the longest poem ever composed, the ancient Sanskrit Mahābhārata epic tells the tale of the five Pandava princes and the cataclysmic battle they wage with their one hundred cousins known as the Kauravas. This story of the Pandavas and the Kauravas is one of the most popular and widely-told narratives in South Asia (let alone the world). Between 800 and 1700 CE, a plethora of Mahabharatas were created in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, and several other regional South Asian languages. Krishna’s Mahabharatas: Devotional Retellings of an Epic Narrative is a comprehensive study of premodern regional Mahabharata retellings. This book argues that Vaishnavas (devotees of the Hindu god Vishnu and his various forms) throughout South Asia turned this epic about an apocalyptic, bloody war into works of ardent bhakti (devotion) focused on the beloved Hindu deity Krishna. While Krishna’s Mahabharatas examines more than forty retellings in eleven different regional languages that were composed over a period of nine hundred years, it focuses on two particular Mahabharatas: Villiputturar’s fifteenth-century Tamil Pāratam and Sabalsingh Chauhan’s seventeenth-century Bhasha (Old Hindi) Mahābhārat. Through close comparative readings, this book reveals the similar ways in which poets from opposite ends of the Indian sub-continent transform the story of the Sanskrit Mahābhārata into devotional narratives centered on Krishna. At the same time, it also shows how these Mahabharatas are each unique pieces of religious literature anchored in bhakti cultures that speak to different local audiences in premodern South Asia.
Market Fundamentalism
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first section of this chapter illustrates how state intervention in market economies for the sake of social welfare goals or the protection of economic and social rights faces fierce opposition from an intellectually influential, politically entrenched ideal often referred to as market fundamentalism. Although specific rationales differ, the core belief is that robust protection of market liberties should be the fundamental principle of social organization. The second section critiques three market fundamentalist rationales: market liberties are foundational for all other liberties, market liberties are necessary for self-defense against the moral and intellectual deficiencies of states, and competitive markets are not only efficient, but also best promote freedom, individual welfare improvements, economic fairness, and social stability. The third section argues against the market fundamentalists’ overarching conception of freedom, defined strictly in terms of non-interference or the absence of coercive interference with an individual’s choices and actions.
Control over the Future
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that the root of our ecological predicament is not simply that the affluent consume too much, but that they control too much. Decisions about the basis of modern life and the fate of the planet carry too much risk or too much uncertainty to be left to a free market free-for-all, where the rule of the economically stronger routinely prevails. For example, concentrated wealth has an outsized effect on public investment and tax policy, channeling resources toward some economic beneficiaries and clustering ecological burdens elsewhere. An ecologically oriented human rights agenda, by contrast, can redistribute power, redefine state responsibility for securing human rights, and remove key social investment decisions from the discretion of private entities. The chapter concludes with an assessment of impediments to and limitations of a human rights approach, but it explains why there is no readily available alternative, given the time remaining for action.
The Anti-Abortion Movement and the Punishment Prerogative
Authors: Ziegler Mary 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The criminalization of abortion figured centrally in the Court’s decision to dismantle abortion rights in Dobbs. Justice Alito’s majority opinion told a story about how American law had long disapproved of abortion, if not prohibited it altogether. Alito’s fixation on crime is revealing. Regardless of one’s beliefs about the history of criminalization before Roe, criminal penalties have become central, both to the fate of abortion rights and to the regulation of reproduction after Dobbs. This chapter traces the history of how and why the anti-abortion movement came to embrace punishment as a priority, and it argues that this punitive focus has been profoundly destructive while doing little to prevent abortions. Increasingly harsh penalties—together with shifting definitions of “abortion”—have stopped doctors, universities, and others from providing crucial emergency medical treatment or even contraceptive access. These are the stories that make real the constitutional arguments at issue in forced childbearing.
Reproductive Technologies and Embryo Destruction after Dobbs
Authors: Cohen Glenn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Upon the release of the Dobbs decision, the public and legal academic conversation quickly shifted to implications for other rights closely connected to substantive due process. Justice Alito’s opinion attempts to argue that abortion’s involvement of “potential life” is what distinguishes abortion from other substantive due process rights. This chapter argues that reproductive technologies, specifically those that involve embryo destruction, are directly implicated by Alito’s language. The Dobbs decision erects a barrier to a federal constitutional right to engage in reproductive technologies involving embryo destruction, raises the possibility that states that prohibit abortion could restrict embryo destruction (though data on public opinion suggests few will), and creates normative questions about embryo destruction that turn on particular theories of embryonic/fetal personhood. The chapter concludes that some who believe abortion should be restricted should also oppose embryo destruction, and that some who oppose abortion restrictions should not oppose restrictions on embryo destruction.
Falling into Epic
Authors: Van der Laan Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Paradise Lost repeatedly alludes in the narrative of the Fall to Odysseus’ visit to Scheria and the choice of Odysseus. Linking Satan and Adam to two traditions of reading Odysseus, the poem explores the full range of literary and critical traditions it inherits and creates a further voice: a reading against the grain from within the poem, which presents Adam’s decision to fall with Eve as heroic. Drawing on a theoretical apparatus of allusion and intertextuality developed by classicists, the chapter shows that Satan’s successful temptation of Eve offers a reading in malo of Odysseus’ visit to Scheria and creates the ‘choice of Odysseus’ that Adam confronts when he must choose either to fall with Eve or to remain in Eden. That choice in turn creates parallels between Adam’s fall and Odysseus’ decision to return home, introducing an Odyssean further voice into the narrative of the Fall. Casting the Fall in Odyssean terms simultaneously explores the benefits of falling and enables a reading of the reconciliation that follows as the first example of human heroism. Without overturning the powerful sense that the Fall is a tragedy for humankind, the Odyssean further voice quietly suggests ways of reading fallen human experience as heroic and ways of navigating human experience through the Odyssean goods of marriage and the acceptance of cataclysmic ruptures in life and in relationships. In its emphasis on marriage and survivorship as epic matter, Paradise Lost adapts core Odyssean values for its vision of heroic human existence.
Biophysical models of synaptic interactions
Authors: Destexhe Alain , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the biophysical models of synaptic interactions. It overviews a variety of models of synaptic transmission for use in detailed compartmental models of single neurons and simulations of large-scale networks of neurons. The simple models of neurotransmitter release combined with Markov models of postsynaptic receptors capture the most salient features of synaptic transmission at a variety of synapses. On the other hand, sophisticated models include extracellular diffusion of neurotransmitters to evaluate the precision required to capture the dynamics of inhibitory transmission in the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Both types of models essentially provide the foundation for subsequent large-scale network simulations.
Spindle oscillations in the thalamocortical system
Authors: Destexhe Alain , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter elaborates on the mechanisms that organize spindle oscillations in the thalamocortical system. It covers the interplay between large-scale thalamocortical network models and the spatiotemporal patterns of coherent activity observed in recordings of thalamocortical oscillations. According to experimental data, corticothalamic feedback holds significance in organizing the large-scale synchrony of oscillations. Additionally, computational models of thalamocortical networks proposed a possible mechanism for large-scale thalamocortical synchrony while highlighting the importance of refractoriness in thalamic neurons. The chapter also presents further findings on thalamocortical networks, such as the human cortex's two spindle systems and the participation of cortical interneurons during cortical oscillations.
Discharging Procurement of the Digital Regulation Role
Authors: Sanchez-Graells Albert 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Procurement is not well-placed to act as a two-sided gatekeeper. It is unable to effectively ‘regulate by contract’ the behaviour of the public entities seeking to adopt digital technologies and tech providers offering to deliver them. Additionally, given in-built flexibility in the procurement tools, procurement is unable to develop prescriptive mandatory requirements for the screening of technology vendors and technological solutions in pursuit of the digital regulation goals. This shows that an alternative regulatory strategy is required to govern the digital transformation of the public sector. This chapter makes a proposal for such alternative approach. It first focuses on the design and role of an external regulator of the process of public sector digitalization, the ‘AI in the Public Sector Authority’ (AIPSA). It then concentrates on minimum mandatory requirements, both in relation to the digital technologies to be adopted by the public sector and the applicable governance framework. The chapter stresses the key attributes and characteristics these two regulatory interventions should have to make a positive contribution to governing the transition towards new modes of public digital governance.
Conclusions and Implications
Authors: Hickey Sam , Sen Kunal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the book’s key findings and discusses the theoretical and strategic implications that arise from these. It confirms that politics plays a critical role in shaping developmental processes and outcomes, argues that a ‘power domains’ analysis can offer greater traction on contemporary development puzzles than a narrowly institutionalist perspective, and delivers new, systematic insights into how this happens. We find that the capacity and commitment to promote development are shaped primarily by the nature of a country’s political settlement (its configuration of political and social power), and how this plays out in specific policy domains. We identify two successful developmental pathways: one involves a dominant ruling coalition with a strong developmental vision, which can be particularly effective where the configuration of social power presents an existential threat to the ruling coalition. The second occurs when the problematic tendencies emanating from competitive political settlements, including the generally short-term vision of ruling elites and the politicization of the public bureaucracy, are offset by the presence of strong and coherent coalitions within particular policy domains. The three main strategic implications that flow from our analysis suggest the importance of context (how a political settlement shapes potential development pathways and why interventions need to be attuned to this), capacity (whether the state can regulate capital and protect its citizens and the importance of supporting this), and coalitions (how progressive actors can advance the rights and interests of marginal groups and devise institutional fixes in difficult governance contexts, and why supporting reform coalitions matters).
The Abuse of Sexual Images between Liberal Criminal Law and the Protection of Sexual Autonomy
Authors: Schmidt Anja 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with some aspects of the debate on legal regulation of the abuse of a person’s sexual images in the context of the shift from a liberal criminal law to an effective protection of sexual autonomy by criminal law. The chapter explains that this paradigm shift to a liberal sexual criminal law did not result in an effective protection of sexual autonomy, but only in a shifting away from moralizing criminal law. Nevertheless, one of the tasks of criminal law is to protect sexual autonomy against assault—on a physical and a non-physical level of sexuality. Image-based sexual abuse infringes not only the right to one’s own image, but also the right to sexual autonomy in its non-physical dimension. It is a duty of the law to effectively protect against any form of unauthorized production and use of images that show another person naked or in a sexual context.
Refining the Contours of Intimate Image Abuse Offences
Authors: Crofts Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Research continues to bring to public consciousness the range of ways in which intimate images may culpably be used to cause significant harm to individual and collective interests. This is causing jurisdictions to compare notes and assess whether there is coherency and adequacy in the coverage of existing offences and whether reforms are necessary. The challenge is to develop offences that are wide enough to capture behaviours that are sufficiently culpable to be deserving of criminalization without bringing less harmful or less culpable behaviours within the reach of the criminal law. This requires a careful balancing of the physical, mental, and defence elements of intimate image abuse offences. With this in mind this chapter takes a comparative approach to evaluating how offences can optimally be designed to address intimate image abuse. Overall, it is argued that a ladder approach, with scaffolded offences, can best reflect harms and degrees of culpability so that the specific wrongdoing in intimate image abuse is accurately captured, packaged, and labelled.
Criminalization of Intimate Image Abuse in Latin America
Authors: Flórez María Camila Correa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter aims to expose and analyse the patterns of criminalization of intimate image abuse in some countries of Latin America. It also aims to conceptualize intimate image abuse as a manifestation of violence against women from a theoretical approach. The legal framework in Latin America is then set out, describing not only how some Latin American countries have (or have not) responded from a legal perspective to intimate image abuse, but also the regional instruments, such as the Belém Do Pará Convention and the Follow-up Mechanism recommendation on cyberviolence against women in Latin America. The foregoing leads to the conclusion that prevention, punishment, and eradication of violence against women, including intimate image abuse, is an international obligation of the Latin American states that are party to this Convention. The chapter concludes by analysing the patterns of criminalizing intimate image abuse in Latin American legal frameworks. Three patterns were identified: (a) countries where there is no autonomous criminalization of intimate image abuse; (b) countries where intimate image abuse can be considered an offence against privacy; and (c) countries that prohibit intimate image abuse as an offence of sexual and/or gender content.
First Conversation
Authors: Pattison George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dostoevsky appears in the narrator’s Glasgow apartment and they discuss the conclusion of the short story A Gentle Spirit, which is about the suicide of a young woman who has been subjected to mental abuse by her controlling husband and ends with a vision of a loveless, mechanistic universe. This has reminded the narrator of the existential despair he experienced as a young man and of his own midlife crisis. The conversation addresses the question of lying and truth in literature and life, offering a defence of literary imagination as revealing the truth of the human condition.
Postscript
Authors: Pattison George 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The postscript describes the narrator’s difficulties in writing up the conversations and how, just as he is finishing this task, he hears the news of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and learns that this has been blessed by the Orthodox Church leadership. He is troubled by how Dostoevsky might have thought of this and whether he would have seen it as a holy war of Russia against the West, as some passages in his works suggest. However, he realizes that there are very different ways of applying Dostoevsky’s novels and analyses to the present situation and considers a variety of ways in which Dostoevsky might have responded.