bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of lateral knee osteoarthritis in Beijing Chinese compared with Framingham Caucasian subjects
Authors: Felson David T. , Nevitt Michael C. , Zhang Yuqing , Aliabadi Piran , Baumer Bridget , Gale Daniel , Li Wei , Yu Wei , Xu Ling 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveWe recently reported that, despite their thinness, elderly subjects in Beijing, China had an equal prevalence (in men) or higher prevalence (in women) of both radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared with that in the Framingham, Massachusetts cohort of elderly subjects. Our objective was to evaluate whether Chinese subjects might have more medial disease than do Caucasians, given a report of varus alignment in the knee joints of Chinese elderly.MethodsWe compared the prevalence of medial and lateral radiographic knee OA and measured anatomic alignment in the knees of elderly subjects from the Beijing and Framingham cohorts. Both studies recruited a random sample of the population. The Beijing OA Study used the Framingham OA Study protocol for radiographs. Anteroposterior weight‐bearing films were read for Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) grade and joint space narrowing (JSN; 0–3 scale) in each compartment. Medial disease was defined when radiographs showed a K/L grade ≥2 and medial JSN ≥1, and lateral disease was assessed in a comparable manner. Using knee‐specific analyses, we compared the prevalence of medial and lateral knee OA after adjusting for age, body mass index, and the correlation between the 2 knees. Restricting the analyses to knees with JSN ≥2 and comparing the proportion of OA knees with medial disease and lateral disease yielded similar results. We assessed alignment in knees from 100 persons without OA, measuring the angle subtended by the femoral and tibial anatomic axes.ResultsWe studied 1,781 Chinese subjects ages 60–88 years, and 1,084 Framingham subjects ages 63–93 years. Whereas medial OA was less prevalent among the Beijing men, lateral OA was more than twice as prevalent among the Beijing men and women, compared with that in the Framingham elderly. For example, of all knees with radiographic OA, 28.5% of Beijing women's knees had lateral OA versus 11% of Framingham women's knees (P < 0.001), and among men, 32.3% of Beijing men's knees versus 8.8% of Framingham men's knees (P < 0.001) had lateral OA. Alignment was more valgus in the Beijing men than in the Framingham men (mean 4.5° versus 2.7° valgus, respectively; P < 0.001), but no differences in alignment were evident in the women.ConclusionIn this first attempt to compare the characteristics of OA in different racial groups, we conclude that, opposite to expectations, Chinese subjects have much more lateral OA than do Caucasian subjects in the Framingham cohort, a predilection possibly explained in the men by differences in anatomic alignment.
Acute low back pain self‐management intervention for urban primary care patients: Rationale, design, and predictors of participation
Authors: Damush Teresa M. , Weinberger Morris , Clark Daniel O. , Tierney William M. , Rao Jaya K. , Perkins Susan M. , Verel Kelly 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the rationale and design of a self‐management program for low‐income, urban, primary care patients with acute low back pain. Issues related to recruitment and protocol delivery, and attendance patterns and predictors of program attendance are described.MethodsTwo hundred eleven adult patients (73% female; 60% African American) were recruited from primary care neighborhood health centers. Focus groups were conducted for program development, and participants then completed a baseline interview and were randomized into groups receiving either usual care or a self‐management intervention.ResultsTwenty‐nine percent of the intervention group attended the self‐management class. Significant predictors of attendance included being older, reporting less income, and not working for pay. Attendees did not differ from nonattendees on back pain severity, symptoms, health‐related quality of life, self‐management processes, or satisfaction with care.ConclusionEffective minimal‐contact behavioral interventions are needed to reach larger portions of the patient population.
Use of a numerical rating scale as an answer modality in ankylosing spondylitis–specific questionnaires
Authors: van Tubergen Astrid , Debats Iris , Ryser Liliane , Londoño John , Burgos‐Vargas Ruben , Cardiel Mario H. , Landewé Robert , Stucki Gerold , Van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the agreement of scores on the original visual analog scale (VAS) or Likert scale of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), and Dougados Functional Index (DFI) with scores on a numerical rating scale (NRS). To assess the reproducibility and responsiveness of the instruments with the original scale and NRS.MethodsFive hundred thirty‐six patients with ankylosing spondylitis from the Netherlands, Mexico, and Switzerland completed a questionnaire in which all questions from the BASDAI, BASFI, and DFI were presented twice in random order with an 11‐point NRS and either a 10‐cm VAS (BASDAI and BASFI) or a 5‐point Likert scale (DFI). Agreement of scores using Bland‐Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), reproducibility using ICCs, and responsiveness were assessed.ResultsLarge variability between the scores on the original scales and the NRS was found in individual questions of all 3 questionnaires, although total scores showed ICCs of at least 0.88. Reproducibility of all answer modalities showed low ICCs in individual questions, but moderate to good ICCs in total scores (Dutch group 0.62–0.89; Mexican group 0.53–0.72). Moderate to large effects (0.48–1.04) were found in responsiveness scores in the 3 questionnaires. No major differences in reproducibility and responsiveness between the answer modalities were found.ConclusionAlthough large variability between the scores on the original answer scales and the NRS was observed, the BASDAI, BASFI, and DFI can be administered with an NRS, which does not show important differences compared with the original scales.
Efficacy of tacrolimus in rheumatoid arthritis patients who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate: A six‐month, double‐blind, randomized, dose‐ranging study
Authors: Furst Daniel E. , Saag Kenneth , Fleischmann M. Roy , Sherrer Yvonne , Block Joel A. , Schnitzer Thomas , Rutstein Joel , Baldassare Andrew , Kaine Jeffrey , Calabrese Leonard , Dietz Frederick , Sack Marshall , Senter R. Gordon , Wiesenhutter Craig , Schiff Michael , Stein C. Michael , Satoi Yoichi , Matsumoto Alan , Caldwell Jacques , Harris Robert E. , Moreland Larry W. , Hurd Eric , Yocum David , Stamler David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy, safety, and optimal dose of tacrolimus monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis phase II, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled monotherapy study was set in 12 community sites and 9 university‐based sites. Two hundred sixty‐eight patients with RA who were resistant to or intolerant of methotrexate (mean dose 15.2 mg/week) and had active disease for at least 6 months (mean tender joint count 28.2, mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate 46.5 mm/hour) were randomized to receive treatment after discontinuation of methotrexate. Those who received at least 1 dose of tacrolimus were analyzed; 141 completed the study. Stable dosages of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and low‐dose prednisone were allowed during treatment. All patients were given 1, 3, or 5 mg of tacrolimus or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. The American College of Rheumatology definition of 20% improvement (ACR20) and the tender and swollen joint counts at the end of treatment were the primary outcomes.ResultsACR20 response rates demonstrated a clear dose response. The ACR20 response was observed in 15.5% of patients receiving placebo (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.1–23.9%), 29% of the 1 mg tacrolimus group (95% CI 18.3–39.7%) (P < 0.058); 34.4% of the 3 mg group (95% CI 22.7–46.0%) (P < 0.013), and 50% of the 5 mg group (95% CI 37.8–62.3%) (P ≤ 0.001). The tender joint count improved statistically significantly in all tacrolimus groups. The swollen joint count, physical function, and patient‐assessed pain improved statistically significantly in the 3 mg and 5 mg groups. The incidence of creatinine elevation ≥40% above baseline levels increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Dropout rates were high (41–59%) and were more common for inefficacy in the placebo patients (71.4%), whereas they were more common for toxicity in the high‐dose tacrolimus groups (31–33%). Discontinuation for creatinine elevation occurred in the 3 mg (3.1%) and 5 mg (10.9%) tacrolimus groups.ConclusionTacrolimus improved disease activity in methotrexate‐resistant or ‐intolerant patients with RA. A dose response was observed when efficacy and toxicity were assessed at different doses. The optimal dose of tacrolimus appears to be >1 mg but ≤3 mg daily.
Light‐activated gene transduction enhances adeno‐associated virus vector–mediated gene expression in human articular chondrocytes
Authors: Ulrich‐Vinther Michael , Maloney Michael D. , Goater J. Jeffrey , Søballe Kjeld , Goldring Mary B. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Schwarz Edward M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light as an adjuvant for recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) transduction in human articular chondrocytes.MethodsPrimary articular chondrocytes and immortalized chondrocytes (tsT/AC62) were exposed to various doses of UV light (0–1,000 J/m2) and infected at various multiplicities of infection (MOIs) with rAAV containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. Cells were analyzed for viability and EGFP expression by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting on days 2, 4, and 8 following infection. To evaluate the transduction efficiency in intact articular cartilage, full‐thickness explants were exposed to UV light (0–200 J/m2), infected with rAAV‐eGFP, and analyzed for transduction via immunohistochemistry.ResultsToxicity from UV exposure was observed at doses ≥500 J/m2 and ≥200 J/m2 in primary and immortalized chondrocyte cultures, respectively. Transduction efficiency was dependent on the UV dose, MOI, and time. In the cell line, the adjuvant effect of UV on the percentage of cells transduced was modest, but 100 J/m2 increased the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the transduced cells 4‐fold. In contrast, UV treatment had a profound effect on the transduction efficiency of primary chondrocytes, which reached ∼100% after exposure to 100 J/m2 of UV light and 103 MOIs for 8 days. Under the same conditions, 200 J/m2 of UV light enhanced the MFI 7‐fold. In cartilage explants, there was no difference in the number of transduced chondrocytes at the edge of the explants in the superficial, intermediate, or basal zones; however, 200 J/m2 of UV light increased the transduction efficiency 2‐fold at a low MOI. In the center of the explants, the superficial chondrocytes were efficiently transduced; those in the intermediate and basal zones could not be efficiently transduced under any condition. In the superficial chondrocytes, a low MOI and 200 J/m2 of UV light increased the transduction efficiency 3‐fold (to 100%).ConclusionUV light at doses of up to 200 J/m2 (which do not significantly affect cell viability) significantly enhances the transduction efficiency and expression of the transduced gene in cultures of rAAV‐infected primary chondrocytes and in chondrocytes in the superficial zone of intact articular cartilage. These findings support the concept that UV‐activated gene transduction could be used as an adjuvant for in vivo rAAV articular cartilage gene therapy with low viral titers to prevent and/or treat arthritis.
Efficacy of selective B cell blockade in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for a pathogenetic role of B cells
Authors: Vita Salvatore De , Zaja Francesco , Sacco Stefania , Candia Alessandro De , Fanin Renato , Ferraccioli Gianfranco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe pathogenetic role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is under debate, but it is currently believed to be marginal. The availability of selective anti–B cell treatment provides a unique opportunity to clarify this issue. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of B cell blockade in the treatment of refractory RA, and to evaluate the implications with regard to the role of B cells in the disease.MethodsFive female patients with active, evolving erosive RA were treated with rituximab, an anti‐CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody. All 5 patients had been nonresponders to combination therapy with methotrexate plus cyclosporin A. Two of the 5 had also failed to respond to anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapy. All of these treatments were discontinued 1 month before institution of anti‐CD20 therapy.ResultsMarked clinical improvement was observed in 2 patients (American College of Rheumatology 70% response [ACR70] and ACR50, respectively), starting at the end of the second month after institution of anti‐CD20 therapy (month 2) and lasting until month 10 in 1 patient (articular relapse) and month 12 in the other (last followup). ACR20 response was observed in 2 additional patients, lasting until month 5 and month 7, respectively (articular relapse in both). Decrease or normalization of serum C‐reactive protein and rheumatoid factor levels were observed in these patients. In contrast, patient 3 had no response to the treatment. RA synovitis and evolving erosive damage were decreased in patients exhibiting a major response, as demonstrated by imaging studies.ConclusionOur finding of the clinical efficacy of selective B cell blockade indicates that B cells play a critical role in rheumatoid synovitis, at least in a subset of patients. Qualitative or quantitative differences in B cell commitment in RA pathobiology might have a function in the different responses observed.
Relationship among the HLA–DRB1 shared epitope, smoking, and rheumatoid factor production in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mattey Derek L. , Dawes Peter T. , Clarke Sheila , Fisher June , Brownfield Ann , Thomson Wendy , Haajeer Ali H. , Ollier William E. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid factor (RF) production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is generally associated with more severe disease. In some studies, RF production has been associated with carriage of HLA–DRB1 alleles encoding the RA‐associated shared epitope (SE). Patients who smoke are also more likely to be RF positive. In this study, we investigated whether the association between RF production and smoking was influenced by carriage of the SE.MethodsThe smoking histories of 371 RA patients attending a hospital clinic were recorded. RF levels and SE status were determined for every patient, and the associations between the SE, smoking, and RF production were examined. HLA–DRB1 typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Results were analyzed using chi‐square tests and logistic regression analysis.ResultsPatients who had ever smoked were significantly more likely to be RF positive than nonsmokers (odds ratio 2.2, P < 0.0001). This remained significant (P = 0.003) after correction for age, sex, and disease duration in a logistic regression model. An association was also found between RF positivity and carriage of the SE (P = 0.03, after correction for age, sex, and disease duration), but significance was reduced or lost after correction for previous or current smoking (P = 0.05 and 0.09, respectively). Examination of the major SE phenotypes in this RA population by multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only DRB1*0401 was associated with RF positivity, and that this was independent of the influence of smoking.ConclusionOur data confirm that RF production in RA patients is associated with smoking. This does not appear to depend on an HLA–DR‐restricted immune response. The association of the SE with RF positivity is primarily due to HLA–DRB1*0401. This appears to be independent of the association with smoking, although smoking further increases the likelihood of RF production in DRB1*0401 patients.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of cevimeline in Sjögren's syndrome patients with xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: Petrone Dianne , Condemi John J. , Fife Rose , Gluck Oscar , Cohen Stanley , Dalgin Paul 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 dosages of cevimeline for the treatment of xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.MethodsA 12‐week double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study was performed. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo, 15 mg of cevimeline 3 times daily, or 30 mg of cevimeline 3 times daily. Patients were evaluated at baseline and throughout the study for their global assessment of dryness (mouth, eyes, overall) as well as their subjective assessment of the specific symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes. Total saliva and tear flow also were measured.ResultsPatients taking 30 mg of cevimeline 3 times daily had statistically significant improvements in their subjective global assessment of dry eyes (P = 0.0453), dry mouth (P = 0.0004), and increased salivary flow (P = 0.007). Patients receiving the 30‐mg dosage also showed greater objective improvement (increased salivary and lacrimal flow rates, as measured by Schirmer's test) than did patients receiving placebo. Frequently reported adverse events included headache, increased sweating, abdominal pain, and nausea.ConclusionTreatment with cevimeline at a dosage of 30 mg 3 times daily resulted in substantive improvement by increasing the rate of saliva and tear flow in patients with Sjögren's syndrome, as well as improving subjective symptoms of dry mouth, dry eyes, and overall dryness. The 15‐mg dosage relieved some symptoms, and both dosages were well tolerated.
On recommending
Authors: Furner Jonathan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe core of any document retrieval system is a mechanism that ranks the documents in a large collection in order of the likelihood with which they match the preferences of any person who interacts with the system. Given a broader interpretation of “recommending” than is commonly accepted, such a preference ordering may be viewed as a recommendation, made by the system to the information seeker, that is itself typically derived through synthesis of multiple preference orderings expressed as recommendations by indexers, information seekers, and document authors. The ERIn (Evaluation–Recommendation–Information) model, a decision‐theoretic framework for understanding information‐related activity, highlights the centrality of recommending in the document retrieval process, and may be used to clarify the respects in which indexing, rating, and citation may be considered analogous, as well as to make explicit the points at which content‐based, collaboration‐based, and context‐based flavors of document retrieval systems vary.
When a better interface and easy navigation aren't enough: Examining the information architecture in a law enforcement agency
Authors: Hauck Roslin V. , Weisband Suzanne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn information architecture that allows users to easily navigate through a system and quickly recover from mistakes is often defined as a highly usable system. But usability in systems design goes beyond a good interface and efficient navigation. In this article we describe two database systems in a law enforcement agency. One system is a legacy, text‐based system with cumbersome navigation (RMS); the newer system is a graphical user interface with simplified navigation (CopNet). It is hypothesized that law enforcement users will evaluate CopNet higher than RMS, but experts of the older system will evaluate it higher than others will. We conducted two user studies. One study examined what users thought of RMS and CopNet, and compared RMS experts' evaluations with nonexperts. We found that all users evaluated CopNet as more effective, easier to use, and easier to navigate than RMS, and this was especially noticeable for users who were not experts with the older system. The second, follow‐up study examined use behavior after CopNet was deployed some time later. The findings revealed that evaluations of CopNet were not associated with its use. If the newer system had a better interface and was easier to navigate than the older, legacy system, why were law enforcement personnel reluctant to switch? We discuss reasons why switching to a new system is difficult, especially for those who are most adept at using the older system. Implications for system design and usability are also discussed.
The impact of the Internet on public library use: An analysis of the current consumer market for library and Internet services
Authors: D'Elia George , Jörgensen Corinne , Woelfel Joseph , Rodger Eleanor Jo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe potential impact of the Internet on the public's demand for the services and resources of public libraries is an issue of critical importance. The research reported in this article provides baseline data concerning the evolving relationship between the public's use of the library and its use of the Internet. The authors developed a consumer model of the American adult market for information services and resources, segmented by use (or nonuse) of the public library and by access (or lack of access) to, and use (or nonuse) of, the Internet. A national Random Digit Dialing telephone survey collected data to estimate the size of each of six market segments, and to describe their usage choices between the public library and the Internet. The analyses presented in this article provide estimates of the size and demographics of each of the market segments; describe why people are currently using the public library and the Internet; identify the decision criteria people use in their choices of which provider to use; identify areas in which libraries and the Internet appear to be competing and areas in which they appear to be complementary; and identify reasons why people choose not to use the public library and/or the Internet. The data suggest that some differentiation between the library and the Internet is taking place, which may very well have an impact on consumer choices between the two. Longitudinal research is necessary to fully reveal trends in these usage choices, which have implications for all types of libraries in planning and policy development.
MEN, destruction and separation: mechanistic links between mitotic exit and cytokinesis in budding yeast
Authors: Surana Uttam , Yeong Foong May , Lim Hong Hwa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCellular events must be executed in a certain sequence during the cell division in order to maintain genome integrity and hence ensure a cell's survival. In M phase, for instance, chromosome segregation always precedes mitotic exit (characterized by mitotic kinase inactivation via cyclin destruction); this is then followed by cytokinesis. How do cells impose this strict order? Recent findings in budding yeast have suggested a mechanism whereby partitioning of chromosomes into the daughter cell is a prerequisite for the activation of mitotic exit network (MEN). So far, however, a regulatory scheme that would temporally link the initiation of cytokinesis to the execution of mitotic exit has not been determined. We propose that the requirement of MEN components for cytokinesis, their translocation to the mother–daughter neck and triggering of this translocation by inactivation of the mitotic kinase may be the three crucial elements that render initiation of cytokinesis dependent on mitotic exit. BioEssays 24: 659–666, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.