bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiphospholipid antibodies impact the protein C (PC) pathway behavior
Authors: Gennari Laura C. , Blanco Alicia N. , Alberto María Fabiana , Grosso Silvia H. , Peirano Andrea A. , Lazzari Maria A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAntiphospholipid antibodies may interfere with the PC pathway, displaying a resistance to the activated PC (resistant phenotype). This effect was evaluated by the APCR and the ProCG systems in 36 lupus anticoagulant samples, yielding abnormal results in 47% of APCRoriginal, 17% of APCRmodified, and 22% of ProCG test. ProCG values correlated with APCRoriginal but not with APCRmodified. Most of lupus anticoagulants affecting the PC pathway showed abnormal APCRoriginal results but not abnormal ProCG values. The different behavior between both systems may be due to the heterogeneity of the antibodies or could be attributed to the fact that, in the ProCG, a PC activator is added, while the APCR employs already activated exogenous PC. Am. J. Hematol. 71:128–130, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐ras and p53 gene mutations in Japanese patients with myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Tsurumi Shigeharu , Nakamura Yuichi , Maki Kazuhiro , Omine Mitsuhiro , Fujita Kazuhiro , Okamura Takashi , Niho Yoshiyuki , Hashimoto Sachiko , Kanno Keiko , Suzuki Kenshi , Hangaishi Akira , Ogawa Seishi , Hirai Hisamaru , Mitani Kinuko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlterations of the N‐ras oncogene and p53 tumor suppressor gene have been demonstrated to play an important role in pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. We simultaneously investigated genetic lesions of both genes in bone marrow cells from 64 Japanese patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF), by direct sequencing analysis. No mutations of the N‐ras gene were detected in any cases. Two patients, one with chronic neutrophilic leukemia derived from PV and one with acute mylogenous leukemia derived from ET, exhibited three mutations of the p53 gene. Among them, two were missense mutations in exon 5 or 7 and one was a deletion in exon 5. All samples in chronic phase or from MF were devoid of mutations in both genes. These data suggested that disruptions of both genes are extremely rare in MPD in chronic phase and that loss of functions in the p53 gene could be involved in progression of MPD such as PV and ET. Am. J. Hematol. 71:131–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐reported hand and wrist arthritis and occupation: Data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey–Occupational Health Supplement
Authors: Dillon Charles , Petersen Martin , Tanaka Shiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of population‐based studies examining occupational hand‐wrist arthritis. We examined relationships between hand‐wrist arthritis, occupation, and biomechanical exposures in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey–Occupational Health Supplement.MethodsA randomized, multi‐stage, and cross‐sectional national prevalence survey was carried out.ResultsSelf‐reported, medically attended hand‐wrist arthritis was common among employed persons (period prevalence 1.58%; lifetime prevalence 3.58%). Highest prevalences occurred among technicians, machine operators, assemblers, and farmers, and in the mining, agriculture, and construction industries. Work requiring repetitive hand bending and twisting was associated with hand‐wrist arthritis (Odds Ratio 1.43; 95%CI: 1.11–1.84; P = 0.005). Among workers with hand arthritis, 7.4% had made major changes in their work, 7.6% missed work, and 4.5% stopped working or changed jobs because of the problem.ConclusionsOur study links hand‐wrist arthritis to occupation and potentially modifiable workplace ergonomic factors. The spectrum of hand‐wrist “cumulative trauma” disorders may considerably exceed that of soft‐tissue injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis, and may include arthritis, a widely prevalent, disabling condition. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42: 318–327, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noise exposure and hearing conservation practices in an industry with high incidence of workers' compensation claims for hearing loss
Authors: Daniell William E. , Swan Susan S. , McDaniel Mary M. , Stebbins John G. , Seixas Noah S. , Morgan Michael S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundWashington State has experienced a striking increase in workers' compensation claims for hearing loss.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined noise exposures and hearing conservation practices in one industry with a high rate of hearing loss claims. We evaluated 10 representative foundries with personal noise dosimetry, management interviews, employee interviews, and existing audiometry.ResultsNoise levels routinely exceeded 85 dBA. All companies were out of compliance with hearing conservation regulations. Most employees with important findings on audiograms were not aware of their findings. There was a significant positive correlation between management‐interview scores and worksite‐average employee‐interview scores (r = 0.70, P = 0.02).ConclusionsCompanies where more effort is put into hearing conservation program activities can achieve a greater positive impact on employee awareness. However, there were broad deficiencies even in the better programs in this sample, suggesting that workers in this industry probably face a continuing substantial risk of occupational hearing loss. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:309–317, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CFC index for the diagnosis of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Authors: Kavamura M.I. , Peres C.A. , Alchorne M.M.A. , Brunoni D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractControversy exists concerning the delineation of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC). Many authors have attempted to establish syndrome traits for CFC, but to date none are pathognomonic or obligatory. We have created a clinical and objective method, called the CFC index, for CFC diagnosis. This method also differentiates CFC from Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome, CFC's main differential diagnosis. We propose the use of the CFC index for the confirmation of CFC diagnosis and to differentiate CFC from other phenotypically similar genetic conditions, while molecular studies are still in progress. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Classification trees as an alternative to linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Feldesman Marc R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLinear discriminant analysis (LDA) is frequently used for classification/prediction problems in physical anthropology, but it is unusual to find examples where researchers consider the statistical limitations and assumptions required for this technique. In these instances, it is difficult to know whether the predictions are reliable. This paper considers a nonparametric alternative to predictive LDA: binary, recursive (or classification) trees. This approach has the advantage that data transformation is unnecessary, cases with missing predictor variables do not require special treatment, prediction success is not dependent on data meeting normality conditions or covariance homogeneity, and variable selection is intrinsic to the methodology. Here I compare the efficacy of classification trees with LDA, using typical morphometric data. With data from modern hominoids, the results show that both techniques perform nearly equally. With complete data sets, LDA may be a better choice, as is shown in this example, but with missing observations, classification trees perform outstandingly well, whereas commercial discriminant analysis programs do not predict classifications for cases with incompletely measured predictor variables and generally are not designed to address the problem of missing data. Testing of data prior to analysis is necessary, and classification trees are recommended either as a replacement for LDA or as a supplement whenever data do not meet relevant assumptions. It is highly recommended as an alternative to LDA whenever the data set contains important cases with missing predictor variables. Am J Phys Anthropol 119:257–275, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of the copolymer containing N‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide unit
Authors: Li Xin‐Gui , Huang Mei‐Rong , Shao Hong‐Tao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe copolymer of methacrylic acid anhydride and N‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide was prepared based on the reaction of polymethacrylic acid with 2‐pyridylamine. The molecular structure was characterized by 1H‐NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis, and circular dichroism techniques. The physical properties of polymethacrylic acid change significantly after an introduction of 6 mol % N‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide unit. In particular, the thermal degradation of the polymer was systematically studied in flowing nitrogen and air from room temperature to 800°C by thermogravimetry at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min. In both atmospheres, a four‐stage degradation process of the copolymer of methacrylic acid anhydride and N‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide was revealed. The initial thermal degradation temperature Td, and the first, second, and third temperatures at the maximum weight‐loss rate Tdm1, Tdm2, and Tdm3 all decrease with decreasing sample size or changing testing atmosphere from nitrogen to air, but the fourth temperature at the maximum weight‐loss rate Tdm4 increases. The maximum weight‐loss rate, char yield at elevated temperature, four‐stage decomposition process, and three kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation were discussed in detail. It is suggested that the copolymer of methacrylic acid anhydride and N‐2‐pyridyl bi(methacryl)imide exhibits low thermal stability and multistage degradation characteristics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1673–1678, 2002
Thermal and crystallization characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with poly(oxybenzoate‐p‐trimethylene terephthalate) copolymer
Authors: Ou Cheng‐Fang , Li Wang Cheng , Chen Yu Hsien 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was blended with two different poly(oxybenzoate‐p‐trimethylene terephthalate) copolymers, designated T28 and T64, with the level of copolymer varying from 1 to 15 wt %. All samples were prepared by solution blending in a 60/40 (by weight) phenol/tetrachloroethane solvent at 50°C. The crystallization behavior of the samples was studied by DSC. The results indicate that both T28 and T64 accelerated the crystallization rate of PET in a manner similar to that of a nucleating agent. The acceleration of PET crystallization rate was most pronounced in the PET/T64 blends with a maximum level at 5 wt % of T64. The melting temperatures for the blends are comparable to that of pure PET. The observed changes in crystallization behavior are explained by the effect of the physical state of the copolyester during PET crystallization as well as the amount of copolymer in the blends. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1599–1606, 2002
Photo‐induced emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of poly(oxyethylene) nonyl phenyl ether, a nonionic emulsifier (II)
Authors: Mah Soukil , Lee Dongeun , Koo Donghun , Kwon Soonhong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSynthesis of high molecular weight poly(vinyl acetate) having less branched structure via photo‐induced emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of poly(oxyethylene)20 nonyl phenyl ether, a nonionic emulsifier, was attempted at 0°C or even below 0°C in the presence of methanol. It was found that 100% conversion is always achieved in all runs and poly(vinyl acetate) having the number‐average degree of polymerization of 9000 with less branched structure (degree of branch < 0.5) can be obtained from this photo‐induced emulsion polymerization system. Mechanisms of the polymerization were also discussed on the basis of the kinetic results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2153–2158, 2002
The effect of TIBA on metallocene/MAO catalyzed synthesis of propylene oxazoline copolymers and their use in reactive blending
Authors: Kaya Atila , Pompe Gisela , Schulze Ulrich , Voit Brigitte , Pionteck Jürgen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOxazoline‐functionalized polypropylenes were synthesized by using the rac‐Et[1‐Ind]2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst system. The used comonomers were 2‐(9‐decene‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐oxazoline (R‐Ox1), 2‐(9‐decene‐1‐yl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐1,3‐oxazoline (R‐Ox2), and 2‐(4‐(10‐undecene‐1‐oxy)phenyl)‐1,3‐oxazoline (R‐Ox3). The oxazolines reduce the catalyst activity in the order R‐Ox3 > R‐Ox1 > R‐Ox2. By the addition of triisobutylaluminum (TIBA), the catalyst poisoning is reduced and is most pronounced in the R‐Ox1‐ and R‐Ox2‐containing systems. The oxazoline‐containing copolymers were melt blended with carboxylic acid end‐functionalized polystyrene (PS‐COOH) at 200°C. Strong changes in the morphology of the reactive blends compared to the nonreactive blends, especially the cocontinuous morphology in a poly(propylene‐co‐R‐Ox3)/PS‐COOH blend, indicate the usefulness of the modified copolymers in the reactive blending processes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2174–2181, 2002
Effect of isomerization on the stability of the surface aggregation structure of chlorinated polyacrylamide thin films on the basis of interferometric observations
Authors: Shehata A. B. , Amer M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree isomers of chlorinated polyacrylamides were synthesized by a solution polymerization technique. The prepared polymers were dissolved in acetone to prepare 0.1 and 0.05 wt % solution concentrations. Polymer thin films were then prepared by spin‐casting from acetone solutions onto a glass substrate. The prepared films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and annealed at 80°C for 6 h. The surface morphology of the prepared films was studied before and after annealing with an interference microscope to determine the effect of isomerization on the stability of the polymer thin films. The thin film of the polymer with a chlorine atom in the para‐position showed better stability due to the ionic interaction with the glass substrate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2601–2606, 2002
Polymerization and characterization of bis(trichlorophenolato)di(pyridine) nickel(II) and bis(tribromophenolato)di(pyridine) nickel(II) dihydrate complexes in solution in the presence of iodine
Authors: Molu L. (Karabey) , Kısakürek D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe syntheses of bis(trihalophenolato)di(pyridine) nickel(II) complexes were achieved in aqueous solution, and their characterizations were performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and elemental analysis. The thermal polymerization of these complexes was studied in toluene solution in the presence of iodine. The effect of time, temperature, and amount of iodine added on the percentage conversion, structure of polymers, and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) were investigated. Polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopic analyses, glass‐transition temperatures determined by differential thermal analysis, and [η] values determined by the viscometric method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2232–2239, 2002
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of new optically active poly(ester‐imide)s containing N,N′‐(pyromellitoyl)‐bis‐L‐phenylalanine moieties
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour E. , Hajipour Abdol‐Reza , Habibi Sakineh 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPyromellitic dianhydride (benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride) (1) was reacted with L‐phenylalanine (2) in a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine (3 : 2) and the resulting imide‐acid [N,N′‐(pyromellitoyl)‐bis‐L‐phenylalanine diacid] (4) was obtained in quantitative yield. The compound (4) was converted to the N,N′‐(pyromellitoyl)‐bis‐L‐phenylalanine diacid chloride (5) by reaction with thionyl chloride. A new facile and rapid polycondensation reaction of this diacid chloride (5) with several aromatic diols such as phenol phthalein (6a), bisphenol‐A (6b), 4,4′‐hydroquinone (6c), 1,8‐dihydroxyanthraquinone (6d), 4,4‐dihydroxy biphenyl (6e), and 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone (6f) was developed by using a domestic microwave oven in the presence of a small amount of a polar organic medium such as o‐cresol. The polymerization reactions proceeded rapidly and are completed within 20 min, producing a series of optically active poly(ester‐imide)s with good yield and moderate inherent viscosity of 0.10–0.26 dL/g. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by IR, elemental analyses, and specific rotation. Some structural characterization and physical properties of these optically active poly(ester‐imide)s are reported. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2211–2216, 2002
Novel fixed‐carrier membranes for CO2 separation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Zhi , Wang Shichang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new membrane material having two kinds of CO2 carriers was obtained. Composite membranes were prepared with the material and support membranes. The facilitated transport of CO2 through these membranes was performed with pure CH4 and CO2 as well as CH4/CO2 mixtures containing 50 vol % CO2. The results show that the membranes possess better CO2 permeance than that of other fixed carrier membranes reported in the literature. In the measurements with pure gases, at 26°C, 0.013 atm of CO2 pressure, the membrane with polysulfone support displays a CO2 permeance of 7.93 × 10−4 cm3 /cm2 s cmHg and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivity of 212.1. In the measurements with mixed gases, at 26°C, 0.016 atm of CO2 partial pressure, the membrane displays a CO2 permeance of 1.69 × 10−4 cm3 /cm2 s cmHg and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 48.1. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2222–2226, 2002
Preparation and characterization of cation‐exchange media based on flexible polyurethane foams
Authors: Yeon Kyeong‐Ho , Lee Jin‐Woo , Lee Jae‐Suk , Moon Seung‐Hyeon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractContinuous electrodeionization (CEDI) is used to deionize a solution to a level attained by mixed bed ion exchange without chemical regeneration. However, handling of ion‐exchange beads is laborious for a large‐scale CEDI system. In this study, a new type of ion‐exchange polyurethane foam containing sulfonic acid groups was synthesized by bulk condensation polymerization for use as a cation‐exchange medium. Polyurethanes are synthesized by the reaction between a diisocyanate and a polyol. Toluene diisocyanate 2,4‐80%, 2,6‐20% (http://www.tciamerica.com/) was reacted with poly(propylene glycol) to synthesize a polyurethane prepolymer and then N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxylethyl)‐2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) was added to give a foam containing sulfonic acid groups. The functional polyurethane prepolymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), elemental analysis (EA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The ion‐exchange capacity was measured as 2.5 meq/g, and the equiconductance point of the polyurethane foams were 14, 19, 29, and 33 μ/cm for BES molar ratios of 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.5, respectively. The porous plug model shows that the current flows dominantly through the solution phase of the polyurethane foam, which indicates the polyurethane foam is a suitable medium for use in a CEDI operation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1773–1781, 2002
Effect of the tacticity of poly(methyl methacrylate) on the phase diagram of its ternary blends
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Ping 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPreviously, isotactic and atactic poly(methyl methacrylates) (PMMAs) were found to be miscible with poly(vinyl phenol) (PVPh) and poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol‐A) (phenoxy) because all the prepared films were transparent and showed composition‐dependent glass transition temperatures (Tg's). However, syndiotactic PMMA was immiscible with PVPh because most of the cast films had two Tg's. On the contrary, syndiotactic PMMA was still miscible with phenoxy. According to our preliminary results, PVPh and phenoxy are not miscible. Also to our knowledge, nobody has reported any results concerning the effect of the tacticity of PMMA on its ternary blend containing PVPh and phenoxy. The miscibility of a ternary blend consisting of PVPh, phenoxy, and tactic PMMA was thus investigated and reported in this article. Calorimetry was used as the principal tool to study miscibility. An approximate phase diagram of the ternary blends containing different tactic PMMA was established, probably for the first time, based on differential scanning calorimetry data. Immiscibility was found in most of the studied ternaries but a slight difference due to the effect of tacticity of PMMA was definitely observed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2720–2726, 2002
Synthesis and flocculation properties of N‐oxide polymers
Authors: Anleu E. , Cardoso J. , Manero O. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractN‐oxide polymers possess strong zwitterionic character, high solubility in water, and high chelating properties with various cations. In this work, N‐oxide polymers were synthesized following various routes and their solution properties were determined. Molecular properties of the polymers (molecular weight, square root of the mean‐squared radius, and virial coefficients) were related to their chain expansion in solution by determining the intrinsic viscosity as a function of pH. Viscosity results were correlated with the flocculation ability of the polymers for suspending solids removal. These polymers exhibit dramatic conformation changes as the solution pH is varied, especially at low pH values. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2693–2700, 2002
Polymer microspheres with surface chains prepared by dispersion copolymerization using poly(oxyethylene) macromonomer
Authors: Wang P. H. , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolymer microspheres were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of styrene with poly(oxyethylene) (peo) macromonomer. A dispersion terpolymerization of styrene, PEO macromonomer and acrylic acid was also conducted to prepare polymer microspheres with both surface carboxyl groups and PEO polymer chains. The microspheres thus obtained were characterized with TEM, IR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Palladium nanoparticles were then formed on the surface of these copolymer microspheres forming polymer/metal nanocomposites which were then studied by TEM and X‐ray diffraction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2732–2736, 2002
Strengthening due to interlamellar constraint in oriented syndiotactic styrene–p‐methyl styrene copolymer
Authors: Pricope D. , Shinozaki D. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChannel die compression has been used to form highly oriented syndiotactic styrene–p‐methylstyrene copolymer in the solid state. The highest forming temperatures were at or near the nominal unoriented melting point (247°C). The oriented materials produced at 245 and 220°C were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The measured increases in modulus, which resulted from the forming of the copolymer could be related to the microstructural changes in the material. The analysis of mechanical properties with a simple Takayanagi model showed that the high modulus above the glass transition temperature in oriented samples was at least partly due to an interlamellar constraint of the kind suggested by Arridge and co‐workers. The magnitudes of the constraint factor that were estimated in the modeling process were consistent with the observed microstructural changes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2312–2321, 2002