bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD157, the Janus of CD38 but with a unique personality
Authors: Ortolan Erika , Vacca Paola , Capobianco Andrea , Armando Enrico , Crivellin Federico , Horenstein Alberto , Malavasi Fabio 
Published: November 2002

AbstractCD157 is a pleiotropic ectoenzyme which belongs to the CD38 family and to the growing number of leukocyte surface molecules known to act independently as both receptors and enzymes. A 45‐kDa surface structure with a GPI anchor, the CD157 molecule displays two distinct domains in its extracellular component. The first is implicated in the enzymic activities of the molecule and the second features adhesion/signalling properties. CD157 shares several characteristics with CD38, including a similar amino acid sequence and enzymic functions. Both molecules are involved in the metabolism of NAD+, and the CD157 gene is synthenic on 4p15 with CD38, with which it also shares a unique genomic organization. Their conservation in phylogeny is striking evidence for their relevance in the life and death cycle of the cell. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agonists of proteinase‐activated receptor 2 induce TNF‐αsecretion from astrocytoma cells
Authors: Kim Mi‐Sun , Jo Hyun , Um Jae‐Young , Yi Jin‐Mu , Kim Dae‐Ki , Choi Suck‐Chei , Kim Tae‐Hyun , Nah Yong‐Ho , Kim Hyung‐Min , Lee Young‐Mi 
Published: November 2002

AbstractProteinase‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is cleaved and activated by trypsin or mast cell tryptase, and may play an important role in inflammation. We have investigated the potential of PAR2 agonists to modulate TNF‐α secretion from human astrocytoma cell line CCF‐STTG1. We found that CCF‐STTG1 expresses PAR2 by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Agonists such as trypsin, the peptide SLIGKV‐NH2 (corresponding to the PAR2 tethered ligand), or mast cell tryptase directly signal to CCF‐STTG1 to stimulate secretion of TNF‐α but do not stimulate in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) or VKGILS‐NH2 (reverse peptide). The secretion of TNF‐α by trypsin was significantly blocked by pretreatment with either 50 μM PD98059 or 1 μM SB203580. Furthermore, trypsin stimulated the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase homologue in CCF‐STTG1 without any detectable activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). These results show that trypsin may induce TNF‐α secretion following activation of ERK and p38 via PAR2 in CCF‐STTG1. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring the response to rTMS in depression with visual analog scales
Authors: Grunhaus Leon , Dolberg Ornah T. , Polak Dana , Dannon Pinhas N. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractVisual analog scales (VAS) administered on a daily basis provide a fast and reliable method for assessing clinical change during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We treated 40 patients with major depression with TMS and assessed their clinical condition with VAS. Response to TMS was defined with the Hamilton rating scale for depression and the Global assessment of function scale. Nineteen patients of 40 were responders to TMS (when the whole sample was considered) whereas 17 of 29 responded when only the non‐psychotic patients were considered. Patients who eventually responded to TMS demonstrated early changes in the VAS scores. We conclude that monitoring with VAS scores can detect early response to TMS. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and efficacy of high dose of venlafaxine XL in treatment resistant major depression
Authors: Mbaya P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to look at efficacy and the safety profile of high dose (450–600 mg) venlafaxine XL in five patients with treatment resistant major depressive illness.MethodsFive patients with treatment resistant depression were treated with high dose venlafaxine XL. Efficacy was evaluated using the Montgomery–Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS), the 21‐item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D‐21) and the clinical global impressions (CGI) scale. Level of functioning was evaluated by social adaptation self‐evaluation scale (SASS). Body weight, supine pulse and blood pressure were recorded.ResultsThe response rate was based on a 50% decrease in MADRS and HAM‐D scores between weeks 1 and 24. There was a more than 50% decrease in MADRS scores in 3 of 5 patients and 4 of 5 patients in HAM‐D scores. There was a trend to improvement of SASS scores in three of the study patients and in two of them the mean scores were within the normal range. Supine pulse and blood pressure remained stable in four patients, except in one patient where there was a slight increase although the final reading at week 24 was normal. Weight was relatively stable in all three patients where it was recorded, but in one patient there was a slight increase which may have been due to an atypical neuroleptic the patient was taking at the time.ConclusionHigh dose venlafaxine was safe, well tolerated and effective in this small number of severe treatment resistant patients with major depression and it also improved social functioning. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficacy of reboxetine in the treatment‐refractory patients with panic disorder: an open label study
Authors: Dannon P. N. , Iancu I. , Grunhaus L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the first‐line treatment for panic disorder, although up to 30% of patients either do not respond to SSRIs or withdraw due to adverse events. Reboxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (selective NRI), is effective in treating depression and may alleviate depression‐related anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of reboxetine in the treatment of patients with panic disorder who did not respond to SSRIs.MethodIn this 6‐week, open‐label study, 29 adult outpatients with panic disorder who had previously failed to respond to SSRI treatment received reboxetine 2 mg/day, titrated to a maximum of 8 mg/day over the first 10 days. Efficacy was assessed using the Panic Self‐Questionnaire (PSQ), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM‐A), the 17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale.ResultsThe 24 patients who completed the study responded well to reboxetine treatment. Significant improvement (p < 0.001) was observed in the number of daily panic attacks, and on the scales measuring anxiety, depression and functioning. Reboxetine was generally well tolerated. Five patients withdrew due to adverse events.ConclusionsReboxetine appears to be effective in the treatment of SSRI‐refractory panic disorder patients and warrants further clinical investigation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute effects of cigarettes in non‐deprived smokers on memory, calculation and executive functions
Authors: Sakurai Yasuhisa , Kanazawa Ichiro 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTo determine whether smoking one or two cigarettes daily has effects on cognitive functions and the blood nicotine level, we examined 20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers as part of a normal daily smoking regimen using psychological tests for memory, calculation and association. Subjects underwent Buschke's selective reminding test, a mental arithmetic task (multiplication between two digits and one digit) and an association task (letter fluency); the duration of each task being 2 min under the condition of pre‐smoking, one cigarette smoking and two cigarette smoking sessions, with an inter‐session interval of 50 min. The total recall or correct responses were evaluated. The results showed that performance deteriorated in the later sessions in the memory task, whereas it improved in the later sessions in the calculation and association tasks, with no group (smoker–nonsmoker) difference, nor interaction between tasks and groups in each task. Plasma nicotine increased by 10 ng/ml immediately after smoking a cigarette, and 14 ng/ml immediately after smoking two cigarettes, but decreased to the pre‐smoking level or slightly higher 10 min after smoking. These findings suggested that a daily dose of nicotine had little effect on the performance related to memory, calculation and mental association. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of mRNA polyadenylation between oocyte maturation and first embryonic cleavage in cattle and its relation with developmental competence
Authors: Brevini T.A.L. , Lonergan P. , Cillo F. , Francisci C. , Favetta L.A. , Fair T. , Gandolfi F. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn this study we analyzed the pattern of polyadenylation changes that takes place between the resumption of meiosis and the first cleavage of bovine oocytes. Moreover, we investigated whether the delayed occurrence of the first cleavage division, which characterizes embryos of low developmental competence, is accompanied by an altered polyadenylation pattern of individual transcripts. We determined the polyadenylation status of a group of genes that characterize physiological processes, involved in early differentiation (Oct‐4), compaction, and cavitation (β‐actin, plakophilin, connexin‐32, connexin‐43), energy metabolism (glucose transporter type 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase), RNA processing (RNA poly(A) polymerase), and stress (heat shock protein 70). RNA was isolated from pools of 20 oocytes or embryos at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, at the end of in vitro maturation, at the end of in vitro fertilization, and at the time of the first cleavage. Cleavage was assessed 27, 30, 36, 42 hr post insemination (hpi), and at the latter time the remaining uncleaved oocytes were retained as a group. Between oocyte isolation and first cleavage at 27 hpi (best quality embryos), the poly(A) tail of individual transcripts followed four patterns: no changes (β‐actin, PDP); gradual reduction (Cx‐43, Oct‐4, Plako); gradual elongation (Cx‐32, TPA); reduction followed by elongation (PAP, HSP‐70, Glut‐1). If the interval between insemination and first cleavage was longer than 27 hpi (progressively lower quality embryos) further changes of polyadenylation were observed, which differed for each gene considered. These data indicated that specific changes in polyadenylation contribute to the modulation of gene expression in bovine embryos at this stage of development. Defective developmental competence is accompanied by abnormal polyadenylation levels of specific maternal mRNAs with synchrony between polyadenylation and cleavage emerging as an apparently important factor. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 510–517, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a novel GPI‐anchored CRISP glycoprotein, MAK248, located on the posterior head and equatorial segment of cynomolgus macaque sperm
Authors: Yudin A.I. , Li M.‐W. , Robertson K.R. , Tollner T. , Cherr G.N. , Overstreet J.W. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTo identify a sperm‐surface component that is highly antigenic, we immunized female cynomolgus macaques with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored sperm surface proteins that were released following treatment with phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC). Five different adjuvants were used in combination with the PI‐PLC‐released proteins, and three of these proteins (24, 48, and 53 kDa) were shown to be potent antigens for immunization of female monkeys. The 53 kDa protein was found to be a surface coating protein and not a GPI‐anchored protein. Polyclonal antibodies to the 24 kDa protein and the 48 kDa protein were produced in rabbits. The two antibodies recognized both proteins on Western blots. The same rabbit antibodies recognized 28, 18, and 10 kDa bands on a Western blot of chemically reduced PI‐PLC‐released proteins, suggesting that the 48 kDa protein is a dimer of the 24 kDa protein, which we refer to as MAK248. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies developed to reduced fragments of the 24 kDa protein showed that the 18 and 10 kDa bands are proteolytic peptide fragments of the 24 kDa protein. Screening of tissues from male macaques showed that MAK248 is expressed only in the epididymis. Microsequencing of two proteolytic fragments of the 18 kDa component showed 100% amino acid homology to a 233 deduced amino acid sequence previously identified in human testes genome. Antibodies to MAK248 recognized a 24 kDa protein released from human sperm exposed to PI‐PLC. Antibodies to MAK248 recognized the equatorial segment and posterior head regions of capacitated cynomolgus macaque sperm. Structural analysis suggests that MAK248 is a novel CRISP protein and a member of the CAP (CRISP, Ag 5, PR‐1) family of proteins. Based on amino acid sequence homology, it is possible that MAK248 functions as a protease inhibitor. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 488–499, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification and distribution of equine oocyte cortical granules during meiotic maturation and after activation
Authors: Carneiro Gustavo F. , Liu Irwin K.M. , Hyde Dallas , Anderson Gary B. , Lorenzo Pedro L. , Ball Barry A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn vitro fertilization (IVF) is being routinely used in humans and several domestic species, however, limited success has been achieved in the horse. Although immature equine oocytes are capable of completing meiosis in vitro, subsequent fertilization, and embryonic development of those oocytes are questionable. The lack of development of these oocytes could be attributed to an impaired cytoplasmic maturation. In the horse, the study of oocyte cytoplasmic maturation and post‐fertilization development has been hindered by the lack of progress in IVF. In mammalian oocytes, migration of cortical granules (CG) has been used as an important criterion to evaluate cytoplasmic maturation. The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the CG distribution of equine oocytes during in vitro meiotic maturation and to assess activation of oocytes with calcium ionophore based upon fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and laser confocal microscopy. The results of this study indicate that CG are distributed throughout the cytoplasm of oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage (immature). As maturation proceeds, a progressive centripetal migration of CG to the oocyte cortex occurs with the formation of a monolayer adjacent to the plasma membrane starting by the end of a 30 hr incubation period and increasing significantly after 36 hr. After activation, significant reduction in the number of CG was observed (P < 0.001) suggesting that oocytes cultured under the present conditions possess the ability to release CG in response to the ele‐vation of intracellular free calcium. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 451–458, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of luteinizing hormone receptor expression during the development of caprine corpora lutea by administration of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist
Authors: Kawate Noritoshi , Tsuji Makoto , Tamada Hiromichi , Inaba Toshio , Sawada Tsutomu 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe present study was conducted to examine effects of a potent GnRH antagonist (GA), which suppresses release of luteinizing hormone (LH), on LH receptor expression during the development of the caprine corpus luteum (CL). Goats were divided into control and GA‐treated groups. The goats were treated with saline or GA (50 μg/kg, s.c.) on days 0 (day of ovulation), 4 and 8 (control only), and CL collected on a subset of goats (n = 3 for each day) on days 0 (no saline), 4, 8, or 14 (control only). Ribonuclease protection assay and [125I]‐hCG binding assay were performed to quantitate mRNA and protein of the LH receptor in the CL, respectively. On day 4, CL weight, levels of LH receptor mRNA and protein in the GA‐treated group were similar to those of the control group. By day 8, CL weight and levels of LH receptor mRNA and protein in the GA‐treated group were reduced relative to those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no difference of affinity of the LH receptor between both groups on day 8. These results suggest that the treatment with GA inhibits gene and protein expressions of the LH receptor during the development of CL in the goat, and thus, support an idea that endogenous LH participates in the increase of its own receptor. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 444–450, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced mass detection of oligonucleotides using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion‐trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Deguchi Kisaburo , Ishikawa Masako , Yokokura Takefumi , Ogata Izumi , Ito Shinya , Mimura Tadao , Ostrander Chad 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA new method providing enhanced sensitivity for the analysis of oligonucleotides using an on‐line coupled system of reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and electrospray ionization ion‐trap mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) has been developed. The presented method allows the use of the standard gradient elution of 0.1 M triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) buffer (adjusted to pH 7.0 with acetic acid) and acetonitrile that is typically used for the separation of oligonucleotides in RP‐HPLC. An added feature of this method is the ability to combine and mix additional 0.1 M imidazole in acetonitrile after the separation column for improved ESI‐MS performance. This is similar to the post‐column reaction method in liquid chromatography (LC) and the liquid sheath flow method in LC/ESI‐MS, both of which offer the advantage of not compromising the chromatographic separation conditions. The application of this new method is demonstrated to afford improved sensitivity for the analysis of oligonucleotides (20–50mer) via on‐line coupled HPLC/ESI‐MS analysis and purification systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of melanotan‐II in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: determination of pharmacokinetic parameters in rat following intravenous administration
Authors: Mock S. , Shen X. , Tamvakopoulos C. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA method is described for the determination of melanotan‐II (MT‐II), a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The analyte is recovered from plasma by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and subsequently analyzed by LC/MS/MS. A SPE procedure using OASIS 96‐well plates is used for extraction of MT‐II from rat plasma. Using the described approach a limit of quantitation of 5 ng/mL was achieved in rat plasma. This level of sensitivity allowed the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters, following intravenous administration of MT‐II in rat. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PROPERTIES OF THE VERTEBRATE SKELETAL MUSCLE TUBULAR SYSTEM AS A SEALED COMPARTMENT
Authors: Launikonis Bradley S. , Stephenson D. George 
Published: November 2002

AbstractConfocal imaging of impermeant fluorescent dyes trapped in the tubular (t‐) system of skeletal muscle fibres of rat and cane toad was used to examine changes in the morphology of the t‐system upon mechanical skinning, the time course of dye loss from the sealed t‐system in mechanically skinned fibres and the influence of rapid application and removal of glycerol on the morphology of the sealed t‐system. In contrast to intact fibres, which have a t‐system open to the outside, the sealed t‐system of toad mechanically skinned fibres consistently displayed local swellings (vesicles). The occurrence of vesicles in the sealed t‐system of rat‐skinned fibres was infrequent. Application and removal of 200–400mM glycerol to the sealed t‐system did not produce any obvious changes in its morphology. The dyes fluo‐3, fura‐2 and Oregon green 488 were lost from the sealed t‐system of toad fibres at different rates suggesting that the mechanism of organic anion transport across the tubular wall was not by indiscriminate bulk transport. The rate of fluo‐3 and fura‐2 loss from the sealed t‐system of rat fibres was greater in rat than in toad fibres and could be explained by differences in surface area: volume ratio of the t‐system in the two fibre types. Based on the results presented here and on other results from this laboratory, an explanation is given for the formation of numerous vesicles in toad‐skinned fibres and lack of vesicle formation in rat‐skinned fibres. This explanation can also help with better understanding the mechanism responsible for vacuole formation in intact fibres.
PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE: MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT COCCIDIAN GENERA (A SHORT INSIGHT INTO THE PROBLEM)
Authors: Beyer Tamara V. , Svezhova Nadezhda V. , Radchenko Antonina I. , Sidorenko Nina V. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe present a short insight into the problem of parasitophorous vacuole (PV) formation as a most peculiar kind of cell vacuolization occurring in the course of intracellular development of coccidian pathogens of the genera Eimeria, Isospora, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Cryptosporidium, Epieimeria, and Karyolysus. The review focuses on the morpho‐functional diversity of PVs in these parasites. By the present time, the PVs containing different parasite genera and species have been examined to different extent. The membrane of the PV (PVM) obviously derives from the host cell plasmalemma. But soon after parasite penetration, the morphofunctional organization and biochemical composition of the PVM drastically changes: its proteins are selectively excluded and those of the parasite are incorporated. As the result, the PV becomes not fusigenic for lysosomes or any other vacuoles or vesicles, because host cell surface markers necessary for membrane fusion are eliminated from the PVM during parasite invasion.The pattern of the PVs is parasite specific and demonstrates a broad diversity within the same genera and species and even at different stages of the endogenous development. The PV is far from being an indifferent membrane vesicle containing the parasite. Instead, it represents a dynamic system that reflects the innermost events of host—parasite relationships, thus promoting the accomplishing of the parasite life cycle, which, in its turn, is a necessary prerequisite of the parasite eventual survival as a species.
VACUOLATION IN T‐TUBULES AS A MODEL FOR TUBULAR‐VESICULAR TRANSFORMATIONS IN BIOMEMBRANE SYSTEMS
Authors: Krolenko Sergei A. , Lucy Jack A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis review outlines the basic properties of T‐tubules in skeletal muscle cells, and the factors that govern reversible vacuolation in T‐tubules under experimental conditions. Comparable membranous transformations, involving the plasma membrane or occurring intracellularly, in non‐muscle cells are then considered. Finally, the mechanisms of similar transformations in various model membrane systems are discussed. In view of the similarities between reversible vacuolation in the T‐system and membrane transformations occurring in a variety of non‐muscle cells, it is suggested that reversible vacuolation in T‐tubules may be regarded as a general model for tubular‐vesicular transformations in biomembranes.
Maximum principle for elliptic operators and applications
Authors: Tahraoui Rabah 
Published: November 2002

Letfbe a signed function defined on some bounded domainΩ. We give sufficient conditions ensuring the positivity ofu, solution of the following equation:- \Delta u = f \quad \text{in }\Omega , \qquad u\mid_{\partial \Omega } = 0.RésuméSoit une fonctionfde signe non constant sur un domaine bornéΩ. On donne des conditions suffisantes assurant la stricte positivité de la solution de l’équation :- \Delta u = f \quad \text{in }\Omega , \qquad u\mid_{\partial \Omega } = 0.