bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of foliar epidermal anatomical traits and their taxonomic relevance in Lilium pumilum, L. brownii, and L. davidi
Authors: Ba Qiaorui , Khan Wajid , Pang Jianwen , Gong Taorui , Quan Bixue , Duo Renqiandangzhi , Shu Hua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe anatomical traits of plant species are essential for taxonomic analyses and evolutionary evaluations. Clarifying the anatomical characteristics of the foliar epidermis in three distinct Lilium species L. pumilum Delile, L. brownii F.E.Br. ex Miellez and L. davidii Duch. ex Elwes were studied in this article. The objective is to assess the taxonomic relevance of these characteristics and their potential as indicators of species divergence within the genus Lilium. Plant samples were gathered in Gansu, China, from numerous populations of each species that represented a range of climatic and ecological factors. A microscopic analysis employing thin slices and peel mounts was done to assess the stomatal density and dimensions. Significant interpopulation differences in stomatal features were found in the results, offering potential opportunities for taxonomic discrimination. The species differ in qualitative and quantitative characters to differentiate the three species. The links between the observed anatomical characteristics and species classification within the Lilium genus were clarified for the three studied species. In the end, this research advances knowledge of Lilium taxonomy, aids in conservation efforts, and deepens awareness of the general patterns of plant variety.Research highlights
Epidermal Traits Aid Taxonomy: Cell shape, arrangement, and structures aid Lilium Identification.
Cuticle Reveals Taxonomic Clues: Thickness, composition, and structure inform classification.
Micromorphology for Species ID: Cell shape, wax, and striations differentiate Lilium species.
Advanced MRI Approaches for Evaluating Common Lower Extremity Injuries in Basketball Players: Current and Emerging Techniques
Authors: Rubin Elka B. , Schmidt Andrew M. , Koff Matthew F. , Kogan Feliks , Gao Kenneth , Majumdar Sharmila , Potter Hollis , Gold Garry E. 
Published: October 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide accurate and non‐invasive diagnoses of lower extremity injuries in athletes. Sport‐related injuries commonly occur in and around the knee and can affect the articular cartilage, patellar tendon, hamstring muscles, and bone. Sports medicine physicians utilize MRI to evaluate and diagnose injury, track recovery, estimate return to sport timelines, and assess the risk of recurrent injury. This article reviews the current literature and describes novel developments of quantitative MRI tools that can further advance our understanding of sports injury diagnosis, prevention, and treatment while minimizing injury risk and rehabilitation time. Innovative approaches for enhancing the early diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in basketball players span a spectrum of techniques. These encompass the utilization of T2, T1ρ, and T2* quantitative MRI, along with dGEMRIC and Na‐MRI to assess articular cartilage injuries, 3D‐Ultrashort echo time MRI for patellar tendon injuries, diffusion tensor imaging for acute myotendinous injuries, and sagittal short tau inversion recovery and axial long‐axis T1‐weighted, and 3D Cube sequences for bone stress imaging. Future studies should further refine and validate these MR‐based quantitative techniques while exploring the lifelong cumulative impact of basketball on players' knees.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 2
Increased population susceptibility to seasonal influenza during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China and the United States
Authors: Wang Qing , Jia Mengmeng , Jiang Mingyue , Cao Yanlin , Dai Peixi , Yang Jiao , Yang Xiaokun , Xu Yunshao , Yang Weizhong , Feng Luzhao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge, no previous study has quantitatively estimated the dynamics and cumulative susceptibility to influenza infections after the widespread lifting of COVID‐19 public health measures.We constructed an imitated stochastic susceptible‐infected‐removed model using particle‐filtered Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to estimate the time‐dependent reproduction number of influenza based on influenza surveillance data in southern China, northern China, and the United States during the 2022–2023 season. We compared these estimates to those from 2011 to 2019 seasons without strong social distancing interventions to determine cumulative susceptibility during COVID‐19 restrictions.Compared to the 2011–2019 seasons without a strong intervention with social measures, the 2022–2023 influenza season length was 45.0%, 47.1%, and 57.1% shorter in southern China, northern China, and the United States, respectively, corresponding to an 140.1%, 74.8%, and 50.9% increase in scale of influenza infections, and a 60.3%, 72.9%, and 45.1% increase in population susceptibility to influenza.Large and high‐intensity influenza epidemics occurred in China and the United States in 2022–2023. Population susceptibility increased in 2019–2022, especially in China. We recommend promoting influenza vaccination, taking personal prevention actions on at‐risk populations, and monitoring changes in the dynamic levels of influenza and other respiratory infections to prevent potential outbreaks in the coming influenza season.
Design and performance analysis of 8‐port multi‐service quad‐band MIMO antenna for automotive communication
Authors: Arumugam Sriram , Manoharan Sangeetha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a low profile compact 8‐port multiband antenna with polarization diversity principle for automotive communication is proposed. The geometric of the proposed MIMO antenna is integrated with multiple stubs on substrate having a size of 0.94λg × 0.94λg. The proposed design resonates at multiple frequencies of 1.8, 2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz, respectively for GSM, ISM bands and WLAN wireless services which covers the bandwidth of 2.8%, 5%, 5%, and 5.6%, respectively with S11 ≤ −10 dB. Besides, the measured results provide a peak gain of 4.3, 3.1, 4.5, and 4.2 dBi at 1.8, 2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz, omni directional radiation pattern with more than 80% of efficiency in all operating bands. The MIMO structure provides a good isolation of greater than 20 dB without decoupling structure, envelope correlation coefficient of ≤0.1, diversity gain of ≥9.99 dB, mean effective gain of <1 dB, total active reflection coefficient ≤−10 dB, channel capacity loss of ≤0.25 bits/s/Hz. Finally, the housing effect of MIMO antenna is analyzed in the vehicular environment which provides good performance for Vehicular to Intravehicular communication.
A robust hydroponic‐based system for screening red clover (Trifolium pratense) for Fusarium avenaceum
Authors: Jambagi Shridhar , Dixelius Christina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRed clover (Trifolium pratense) is an important forage legume crop that suffers like most perennial crops from attacks by soil‐borne pathogens. Fusarium root rot is one of the most serious diseases and at the same time problematic to identify resistance because of its hidden life in the soil. Current screening methods are laborious and hampered by limited reproducibility. To remedy this situation, we aimed to establish a simple and reliable hydroponics‐based screening system to facilitate studies of red clover–Fusarium avenaceum interactions. First, the fungal spore concentrations were balanced toward the development of red clover plants grown hydroponically. We found that the optimum concentration was 30,000 spores in 2 L of hydroponic medium to ensure infection during the plant growth period in this system. The procedure was scaled‐up to screen plants from 25 populations to identify red clover individuals with the improved resistance to F. avenaceum. Susceptible plants had approximately two‐fold higher amounts of fungal DNA than resistant plants, demonstrating a correlation between the disease readings of the plants and pathogen DNA. We foresee this screening procedure meeting the needs of both applied breeding work and in‐depth molecular studies of responses between this pathogen and its host plant. This method could be applied for the screening of other plant species for resistance to Fusarium spp. or to other root microbes.
Biological effect of laser‐assisted scar healing (LASH) on standardized human three‐dimensional wound healing skin models using fractional non‐ablative 1540 nm Er:Glass or 1550 nm diode lasers
Authors: Riedemann Helena I. , Marquardt Yvonne , Jansen Manuela , Baron Jens M. , Huth Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeIn postoperative wound healing after surgical operations or ablative laser treatments, recent studies suggest the timely use of non‐ablative fractional laser treatments with the aim to improve wound healing and prevent pathological scar formation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of laser‐assisted scar healing (LASH) at the molecular level and to combine it with already established wound healing‐promoting local treatments.MethodsWe irradiated full‐thickness 3D skin models with a fractional ablative Er:YAG laser to set standardized lesions to the epidermal and upper dermal layer. Subsequently, LASH was induced by irradiating the models with either a fractional non‐ablative 1540 nm Er:Glass or 1550 nm diode laser. In addition, we tested the combination of non‐ablative fractional laser treatment and topical aftercare with a dexpanthenol‐containing ointment (DCO).ResultsHistological analysis revealed that models irradiated with the 1540 nm Er:Glass or 1550 nm diode laser exhibited accelerated but not complete wound closure after 16 h. In contrast, additional topical posttreatment with DCO resulted in complete wound closure. At gene expression level, both non‐ablative laser systems showed similar effects on epidermal differentiation and mild anti‐inflammatory properties. The additional posttreatment with DCO enhanced the wound‐healing effects of LASH, especially the upregulation of epidermal differentiation markers and anti‐inflammatory cytokines at the gene expression level.ConclusionThis in vitro study deciphers the biological effects of LASH with a fractional non‐ablative 1540 nm Er:Glass or a 1550 nm diode laser in 3D skin models. These data help to better understand the biological properties of the LASH technique and is important to optimize its application.
Orm2 Deficiency Aggravates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity through Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Li Li , Chen Jionghao , Sun Haoming , Niu Qiang , Zhao Yan , Yang Xiaojun , Sun Qingzhu 
Published: October 2023

ScopeOrosomucoid 2 (Orm2) is a hepatocyte‐secreted protein that plays a crucial role in regulating obesity‐type metabolic disease and immunity. The imbalance of gut microbiota is one of the causes of obesity, but the mechanism of the relationship between Orm2 and gut microbiota in obesity remains unclear.Methods and resultsOrm2‐/‐ (Orm2 knockout) mice on a normal diet developed spontaneous obesity and metabolic disturbances at the 20th week. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the study finds that the gut microbiota of Orm2‐/‐ mice has a different microbial composition compared to wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks exacerbates obesity in Orm2‐/‐ mice. Lack of Orm2 promotes dysregulation of gut microbiota under the HFD, especially a reduction of Clostridium spp. Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum alleviates obesity and alters the gut microbial composition in WT mice, but has minimal effects on Orm2‐/‐ mice. In contrast, co‐housing of Orm2‐/‐ mice with WT mice rescues Orm2‐/‐ obesity by reducing pathogenic bacteria and mitigating intestinal inflammation.ConclusionThese findings suggest Orm2 deficiency exacerbates HFD‐induced gut microbiota disturbance and intestinal inflammation, providing a novel insight into the complex bacterial flora but not a single probiotic administration in the therapeutic strategy of obesity.
The Raman spectrum of phosphorus pentoxide
Authors: Gerding H. , de Decker H. C. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Raman frequency shifts of the solid metastable volatile modification of phosphorus pentoxide are given, and an assignment of some of the frequency shifts to vibrational modes of motion of the cubical molecule of P4O10 is made. The P = O bond in P4O10 possesses a certain amount of triple‐bond character.
Evaluating the Antiviral Potential of Phytocompounds from Mesua ferrea against SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease: Structure‐Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Investigations
Authors: Purohit Priyanka , Sahoo Partha Sarathi , Panda Madhusmita , Kabasi Kuna , Senapati Sunil Kumar , Meher Biswa Ranjan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is responsible for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic and poses a significant ongoing global risk due to increasing infection rates. Mesua ferrea Linn. (Ceylon Ironwood) is a rich source of botanical compounds with numerous medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties seen commonly in Asian countries. Ten compounds of Mesua ferrea Linn i. e. Mesuferrol‐A, Mesuferrol‐B, Mesuaferrone‐A, Mesuaferrone‐B, Mesuol, Mammaesin, Mesuanic‐Acid, Euxanthone, Mammeigin, Mesuagin were stipulated for virtual screening against SARS‐CoV‐2 MPro. All inhibitory compounds were percolated according to docking scores and toxicity assessments. Three compounds i. e. Mesuagin, Mesuol, Mesuaferrol‐A, were observed with the highest binding free energies causing finer interactions with the active site residues of SARS‐CoV‐2 MPro which carries both non‐toxic and non‐carcinogenic properties. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for 100 ns and free energies were calculated for the SARS‐CoV‐2‐MPro complex using MM‐GBSA to determine the relative binding affinities of the preferred molecules showing a network of interactions. The MM‐GBSA‐based approximations reveal that Mesuaferrol‐A (ΔGBind=−40.29 kcal/mol), is more viable in contrast to Mesuol (ΔGBind=−39.96 kcal/mol) and mesuagin (ΔGBind=−33.51 kcal/mol). The current investigation shows some possible insights towards the development of notably advantageous and effective anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 MPro inhibitors.
Modified Gallic Acids as Both Reactive Flame Retardants and Cross‐Linkers for the Fabrication of Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane Elastomers
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhou Shi‐Yu , Qu Yang , Yang Bowen , Zhang Qiang , Lin Yamei , Lu Guo‐Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolyurethane elastomers (PUEs) serve a vital role in our daily life and various industrial applications, but their flammability has been proven to be a significant drawback. In this work, we have successfully fabricated two modified gallic acids (GAP and GAN) by simple esterification, both of which are effective flame retardants and cross‐linkers for PUEs. According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, the introduction of GAP and GAN conspicuously improves the char yield (4.9~5.8 wt.%) and LOI value of PUEs (33~35 %). The cone calorimetry tests suggest that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PUE decrease significantly, while the fire performance index (FPI) value increase after GAP or GAN modification. Both GAP and GAN enhance the density and strength of carbon residues, and inhibit the generation of combustible volatile gas during the combustion process, thereby improving the fire safety of PUEs. In addition, both GAP and GAN contain multiple benzene rings and hydrogen bonding, which can improve the cross‐linking density of PUEs to enhance their mechanical properties (the elongation at break: 844~951 %; tensile strength: 6.37~8.13 MPa).
Pressure‐Driven Polymorphic Transition, Emergent Insulator‐To‐Metal Transition, and Photoconductivity Switching in Violet Phosphorus
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Ke , Jiang Dequan , Yan Huacai , Chen En , Ma Yingying , Cheng Haoming , Wen Ting , Yue Binbin , Wang Yonggang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolymorphic phase transition is an essential phenomenon in condensed matter that the physical properties of materials may undergo significant changes due to the structural transformation. Phase transition has thus become an important means and dimension for regulating material properties. Herein, this study demonstrates the pressure‐induced multi‐transition of both structure and physical properties in violet phosphorus, a novel phosphorus allotrope. Under compression, violet phosphorus undergoes sequential polymorphic phase transitions. Concomitant with the first phase transition, violet phosphorus exhibits emergent insulator–metal transition, superconductivity, and dramatic switching from positive to negative photoconductivity. Remarkably, the resistance of violet phosphorus shows a sudden drop of around 107 along with the phase transition. In addition, piezochromism from translucent red to opaque black and suppression of photoluminescence are observed upon compression. Of particular interest is that the sample irreversibly transforms into black phosphorus with a pronounced discrepancy in physical properties from the pristine violet phosphorus after decompression. The abundant polymorphic transitions and property changes in violet phosphorus have significant implications for designing novel pressure‐responsive electronic/optoelectronic devices and exploring concealed polymorphic transition materials.
Numerical and analytical modeling of SPH‐ECC strengthened RC beams
Authors: Qasim M. , Zhang Y. X. , Lee C. K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany studies have suggested that engineered cementitious composite (ECC) could be a highly efficient and cost‐effective material for enhancing the flexural strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Recently two effective retrofitting configurations using steel and polyvinyl‐alcohol hybrid fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composite (SPH‐ECC) were proposed (Qasim et al., Eng Struct, 2023, 284, p. 115992) and their high effectiveness for enhancing the flexural strength of RC beam was verified experimentally. However, to examine the performance of these strengthening configurations thoroughly by conducting experiments to cover practical ranges of design parameters is deemed to be too expensive and time consuming. In this study, a numerical parametric study of SPH‐ECC strengthened RC beams was conducted by employing a validated finite element (FE) modeling procedure developed by the authors. The effects of four key design parameters including the compressive strength of concrete and SPH‐ECC, the thickness of SPH‐ECC strengthening layer and the area of reinforcement bars embedded in SPH‐ECC layers on the flexural performance of the strengthened beams were studied. Parametric study results showed that the area of reinforcement bars in the SPH‐ECC layers could significantly affect the flexural strength of the strengthened beams. Furthermore, in order to allow engineers to predict the flexural strength of the strengthened beams quickly, two simple but accurate analytical models were also developed for the two strengthening configurations considered. Their reliability and accuracy were then verified and confirmed by comparing with the parametric study results.
Tungsten oxide‐anchored Ru clusters with electron‐rich and anti‐corrosive microenvironments for efficient and robust seawater splitting
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Zheng Weiqiong , Wu Huijuan , Zhu Ran , Wang Yinghan , Wang Mao , Ma Tian , Cheng Chong , Zeng Zhiyuan , Li Shuang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) has been recognized as a prospective candidate to substitute platinum catalysts in water‐splitting‐based hydrogen production. However, minimizing the Ru contents, optimizing the water dissociation energy of Ru sites, and enhancing the long‐term stability are extremely required, but still face a great challenge. Here, we report on creating tungsten oxide‐anchored Ru clusters (Ru–WOx) with electron‐rich and anti‐corrosive microenvironments for efficient and robust seawater splitting. Benefiting from the abundant oxygen vacancy structure in tungsten oxide support, the Ru–WOx exhibits strong Ru–O and Ru–W bonds at the interface. Our study elucidates that the strong Ru–O bonds in Ru–WOx may accelerate the water dissociation kinetics, and the Ru–W bonds will lead to the strong metal–support interaction and electrons transfer from W to Ru. The optimal Ru–WOx catalysts exhibit a low overpotential of 29 and 218 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline and seawater media, respectively. The outstanding long‐term stability discloses that the Ru–WOx catalysts own efficient corrosion resistance in seawater electrolysis. We believe that this work offers new insights into the essential roles of electron‐rich and anti‐corrosive microenvironments in Ru‐based catalysts and provide a new pathway to design efficient and robust cathodes for seawater splitting.
Effects of light pollution on Bluegill foraging behavior
Authors: Harrison Susanna E. , Gray Suzanne M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is one of the most pervasive and rapidly expanding sources of anthropogenic pollution. Aquatic ecosystems may be especially vulnerable to the effects of ALAN due to their disproportionate exposure to anthropogenic pressures. However, research on mechanisms of response to ALAN by aquatic species remains sparse. Our research investigated the extent to which ALAN influences the nocturnal feeding efficiency of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus.

Methods
Using an array of outdoor mesocosm tanks, we assigned juvenile Bluegill to five nighttime lighting treatments (control dark, 1 lx, 4 lx, 12 lx, and intermittent 12 lx). We conducted weekly nighttime feeding trials for 6 weeks to assess four prey capture variables, including capture efficiency (the effectiveness of prey strikes), capture rate (the number of prey items captured), strike rate (the frequency of prey strikes), and latency (time elapsed before the first prey strike).

Result
The steady lighting treatments, which were selected based on nighttime urban light intensities we previously measured in the field, had no apparent effect on any of the prey capture variables. However, flashing high-intensity lights (intended to mimic the effect of passing car headlights on a busy highway) had a significant negative effect on capture rate and strike rate, thereby inhibiting the ability of fish to strike at and capture prey.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the potential for light pollution (especially flashing or intermittent lights) to interfere with the foraging behavior of this ecologically and economically important sportfish.