bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between principals’ pedagogical leadership practices and teachers’ job performance: the role of sociodemographic characteristics
Authors: Berhanu Kelemu Zelalem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Concerns about leadership style and job achievement are global priorities. Most previous investigations have concentrated on one or two of the variables rather than on the sociodemographic characteristics. To properly understand the impact of leadership styles on teacher performance, it is critical to grasp the sociodemographic characteristicsvia a holistic approach to rethinking and improving the existing level.

Objective
This study seeks to investigate the relationship between principals’ practice of pedagogical leadership style and teachers’ job performance by considering the effects of sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey research methodology was used, and in Ethiopia’s Gozamin and Dembecha districts, 539 teachers participated in the study.

Findings
Consequently, there were strong and moderate correlations between teachers’ job performance and pedagogical leadership. Sex did not significantly impact principals’ pedagogical leadership practices or teachers’ job performance. However, age and length of service significantly influenced principals’ pedagogical leadership practices but not teacher performance. Education level significantly affected teachers’ job performance but not leadership practices.

Conclusions and implications
- principals’ practice of pedagogical leaders plays a predictive role in teachers’ job performance. Specific sociodemographic factors also have a role in shaping leadership perceptions and performance outcomes. This study added to the body of knowledge in the fields of education and leadership about work performance and leadership style. In the end, the study inspired stakeholders in schools, government decision-makers, and other researchers to continue improving teachers’ jobs’ effectiveness by identifying factors influencing their success. These results can potentially make teachers more accessible to more students and schools and thus contribute to ensuring quality education (SDG 4).
Controlling injection conditions of a deep coaxial closed well heat exchanger to meet irregular heat demands: a field case study in Belgium (Mol)
Authors: Leontidis Vlasios , Hernandez Edgar , Pogacnik Justin , Wangen Magnus , Harcouët-Menou Virginie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Deep geothermal closed-loops have recently gained attention because of their advantages over classical geothermal applications (e.g., less dependence on the geology, no risk of induced seismicity) and technological advantages (e.g., in the drilling process, use of alternative to water fluids). This paper deals with the repurposing of an existing well in Mol, Belgium, by numerically evaluating the closed-loop concept. Two numerical tools are used to predict the evolution of the temperature and the produced energy over a period of 20 years considering the vertical coaxial well and the complete geological morphology. Full-scale simulations are initially carried out to estimate the maximum capacity of the well and to highlight the need to control the output of the well by adjusting the inlet conditions. Simulations are then performed either to deliver a constant power or to cover irregular thermal energy demands of two buildings by applying in both cases three process control operations. Through controlling the inlet temperature, the injected flow rate or successively both, the production of excess energy, resulting from the overdesign of the existing wellbore for the specific application, is limited. The simulations showed that continuous adjustments to the injection temperature and/or flow rate are needed to restrict the rapid drop in outlet temperature and consequent thermal depletion of the rocks, caused by the highly transient nature of the diffusive heat transfer from the rocks to the wellbore, as well as to supply a specific heat demand, constant or irregular, over the long term. In fact, the combination of both controls could be the ideal strategy for supplying the demand at the highest COP.
Enhancing Royal grape quality through a three-year investigation of soil management practices and organic amendments on berry biochemistry
Authors: Kaya Ozkan , Karakus Sinem , Ates Fadime , Daler Selda , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Grape composition, characterized by mineral content, hormone levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities, fundamentally influences berry quality, nutritional value, and vine health. Various viticultural practices, particularly tillage methods and organic fertilization techniques, significantly impact these compositional parameters. This study investigates the effects of these agricultural practices on grape composition to establish optimal protocols for enhanced berry production and quality.

Methods
A three year study (2020–2022) evaluated the effects of soil management on grape quality in ‘Royal’ grapes (VIVC: 349). Using a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates of 12 vines, the study tested three tillage methods (chisel, disc harrow, and no-tillage) and four organic fertilizers (Antep radish, broccoli, olive blackwater, and a control). Treatments were analyzed for berry mineral content (macro and micronutrients), hormone levels (auxin, ABA, zeatin, SA, JA, cytokinin and GA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR, GST, G6PD and 6PGD).

Results
Based on our results, the disc harrow tillage method in conjunction with olive blackwater fertilizer demonstrated superior mineral accumulation, yielding peak concentrations of nitrogen (3.72%), phosphorus (0.40%), and magnesium (0.41 mg/kg) during the 2021 growing season. Endogenous hormone levels exhibited treatment-specific responses, with maximum indole-3-acetic acid (17.33 ng/g) accumulation observed under no tillage control conditions in 2022, while abscisic acid concentrations peaked (49,172.53 ng/g) under no tillage with broccoli fertilization. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly enhanced under chisel tillage combined with broccoli fertilizer treatment, leading to optimal superoxide dismutase (1426.54 EU) and peroxidase (14,936.81 EU) activities. Principal component analysis revealed that the first two components explained 51.35% of total variance, with distinct temporal clustering of treatment effects.

Conclusion
The optimal cultivation practice for ‘Royal’ grape variety was determined to be chisel tillage method combined with broccoli fertilization, which maximized both mineral nutrient content and hormone levels. These findings provide practical insights for viticulturists to optimize cultivation techniques for improved grape quality and nutritional value.

Graphical Abstract
Optimisation of low and ultra-low dose scanning protocols for ultra-extended field of view PET in a real-world clinical setting
Authors: Ingbritsen Johanna , Callahan Jason , Morgan Hugh , Munro Melissa , Ware Robert E. , Hicks Rodney J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
True total-body and extended axial field-of-view (AFOV) PET/CT with 1m or more of body coverage are now commercially available and dramatically increase system sensitivity over conventional AFOV PET/CT. The Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra (Quadra), with an AFOV of 106cm, potentially allows use of significantly lower administered radiopharmaceuticals as well as reduced scan times. The aim of this study was to optimise acquisition protocols for routine clinical imaging with FDG on the Quadra the prioritisation of reduced activity given physical infrastructure constraints in our facility. Low-dose (1 MBq/kg) and ultra-low dose (0.5 MBq/g) cohorts, each of 20 patients were scanned in a single bed position for 10 and 15 min respectively with list-mode data acquisition. These data were then reconstructed simulating progressively shorter acquisition times down to 30 s and 1 min, respectively and then reviewed by 2 experienced PET readers who selected the shortest optimal and minimal acquisition durations based on personal preferences. Quantitative analysis was also performed of image noise to assess how this correlated with qualitative preferences. At the consensus minimum acquisition durations at both dosing levels, the coefficient of variance in the liver as a measure of image noise was 10% or less and there was minimal reduction in this measure between the optimal and longest acquisition durations. These data support the reduction in both administered activity and scan acquisition times for routine clinical FDG PET/CT on the Quadra providing efficient workflows and low radiation doses to staff and patients, while achieving high quality images.
Developing the EPA guidance of pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia – results of a Delphi process
Authors: Falkai Peter , Wagner Elias , John Miriam , Yakimov Vladislav , Galderisi Silvana , Bitter Istvan , Dom Geert , Schmitt Andrea , Gaebel Wolfgang , Carpiniello Bernardo , Hasan Alkomiet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The development of guidelines is time-consuming and cost-intensive. The heterogeneity of clinical practice, evidence, and patients’ needs is an issue across Europe. An European core guidance for a specific psychiatric disorder may help to overcome this issue. Here, we present a progress report on the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) proof-of-concept approach to develop a European consensus guidance on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods
All national psychiatric associations in Europe were contacted to provide their schizophrenia guidelines. Six guidelines were rated by three experts, experienced in the development of national and international guidelines, from three different countries (Italy, Hungary, and Germany), and the German schizophrenia guideline published in 2019 was found to have the highest quality. For this proof-of-concept approach, 45 recommendations on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia from the German guideline were evaluated in a two-step Delphi process to determine their acceptability throughout the European continent.

Results
44 experts participated in the first round and 40 experts in the second round of the Delphi process. Agreement among the involved experts was reached for 75% of the presented recommendations from the German schizophrenia guidelines. 11 out of 45 recommendations (24.4%) did not reach this level of agreement.

Conclusions
This progress report highlights the possibility of developing a pan-European core guidance on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia by adapting national guidelines and reconciling their recommendations. However, several barriers in this adaptation process, such as non-agreement in recommendations with strong scientific evidence in the reconciling process, were identified and must be considered when developing the final guidance.
Randomized Trial of Fixed-Dose Capecitabine Compared With Standard-Dose Capecitabine in Metastatic Breast Cancer: X-7/7 Trial
Authors: Khan Qamar J. , Bohnenkamp Colleen , Monson Taylor E. , Phadnis Milind A. , Clark Lauren , Smith Holly E. , Raja Vinay , Elia Manana , O'Dea Anne , Fesen Mark R. , Crane Gregory J. , Nye Lauren E. , Baranda Joaquina C. , Pluenneke Robert E. , Hoffmann Marc , Al-Rajabi Raed Moh'd Taiseer , Kasi Anup , McKittrick Richard J. , Mitchell Laura , LaFaver Stephanie , Sharma Priyanka 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE

In metastatic breast cancer (MBC), oral capecitabine prescribed at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved dose of 1,250 mg/m
2
twice daily, 14 days on, 7 days off, is associated with poor tolerance. Mathematical models suggest that a fixed-dose (FD), dose-dense schedule may optimize efficacy. We conducted a randomized, open-label trial to compare the efficacy and tolerability of FD capecitabine, 1,500 mg twice daily, 7 days on, 7 days off (FD-7/7), with the FDA-approved dose and schedule (standard-dose [SD]-14/7).

METHODS
Females with MBC and any previous lines of therapy were included. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to either FD-7/7 or SD-14/7. The primary end point was 3-month progression-free survival (PFS). Capecitabine-related toxicities were graded at each visit.

RESULTS

Between October 2015 and April 2021, 153 patients were enrolled (n = 80 FD-7/7, n = 73 SD-14/7). The 3-month PFS was 63.1% (95% CI, 52.0 to 74.2) in the FD-7/7 arm and 67.2% (95% CI, 54.5 to 79.9) in the SD-14/7 arm. Restricted mean survival time was used to report estimates of effect. The PFS (restricted mean) at 33 months was 10.1 months (95% CI, 7.6 to 12.6) in the FD-7/7 arm compared with 9.1 months (95% CI, 6.6 to 11.7) in the SD-14/7 arm. The overall survival (restricted mean) at 80 months was 30.6 months (95% CI, 23.6 to 37.6) in the FD-7/7 arm versus 24.5 months (95% CI, 18 to 31.1) in the SD-14/7 arm. Toxicity-related treatment discontinuation occurred in 24 patients (32.9%) in the SD-14/7 arm compared with seven patients (8.8%) in the FD-7/7 arm (
P
= .0002). Grade 2 to 4 toxicities occurred in 79.5% in the SD-14/7 arm compared with 37.5% in the FD-7/7 arm (
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSION
In MBC, FD capecitabine 1,500 mg twice daily on a 7/7 schedule has less toxicity and similar efficacy when compared with body surface area-based dosing on a 14/7 schedule.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF MARKET INSTITUTIONS AS A FACTOR IN UKRAINE’S NATIONAL SECURITY AND COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Struk Oleksandra , Hurnyak Ihor 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study explores the impact of market institutions on Ukraine’s national security and competitiveness. Specifically, it presents the role of the stock market and banking sector in shaping economic stability and defense capabilities.
Methodology/approach: Drawing on insights from institutional economics, this research employs a comparative analysis of market institutions in Ukraine and other Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The study is based on data from the stock market and banking sector to assess their performance and implications for national security. Additionally, the Axelrod tournament framework is applied to analyze strategic behavior within these institutions. This analysis incorporates the utilization of various Python packages to delve into the complexities of the situation. The market of arms manufacturers is selected as an illustration of missed opportunities. Optimization of portfolios was carried out based on the maximization of the Sharpe ratio. At the same time, indicators Sortino, Max Drawdown, Calmar were used for testing alternative approaches.
Findings: The analysis reveals significant shortcomings in Ukraine’s market institutions, particularly in the stock market and banking sector. Weaknesses such as underrepresentation of defense companies and other sectors in the stock market and high levels of nonperforming loans in the banking sector pose serious challenges to national security. Comparative analysis of such countries like Poland and Czech Republic highlights the importance of robust institutional frameworks. Analysis of WIG Ukraine and WIG CEE supports this conclusion. Institutional weakness does not allow Ukraine to maintain a stable proactive position in interaction with other states.
Originality/value: This study contributes to the scientific discourse on institutional economics and national security by providing a comprehensive analysis of market institutions in Ukraine. By identifying key weaknesses and comparing them with successful institutional models in other CEE countries, the research underscores the urgency of institutional reforms to safeguard Ukraine’s interests and enhance its competitiveness on the global stage.
Concurrent transmission of Zika virus during the 2023 dengue outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Anamul , Hossain Md. Mobarok , Zamil Md Fahad , Trina Afrida Tabassum , Hossain Mohammad Sharif , Kumkum Asifa , Afreen Sajia , Ahmed Dilruba , Rahman Mustafizur , Alam Mohammad Shafiul 
Published: January 2025

Background
During the 2023-dengue outbreak in Bangladesh, a diagnostic evaluation study was conducted to investigate concurrent Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) transmission in Dhaka in 2023.

Aims
The study explored to simultaneously detect the presence of ZIKV, DENV, and/or CHIKV while considering relevant clinical and epidemiological risk factors, using a real-time multiplex RT-PCR system. Following this, it was planned to sequence the selected samples to identify genetic variations of the ZIKV infections within the population.

Methods
This study was designed as a diagnostic evaluation, where participants meeting the inclusion criteria were prospectively recruited with written informed consent. A total of 399 febrile individuals were screened, with 185 meeting the inclusion criteria of having a fever onset within 2–5 days, along with one of the following clinical features, e.g. headache, myalgia, arthralgia or bone pain, rash, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea and 152 undergoing real-time RT-PCR testing.

Results
Five ZIKV-positive cases were identified, including one DENV-ZIKV co-infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the ZIKV strains were part of the Asian lineage, closely related to Cambodian and Chinese strains from 2019. All ZIKV-positive cases were male, residing within a one-kilometer radius, with no prior travel history, suggesting community-level transmission.

Conclusion
This study marks the first identification of ZIKV in Dhaka city and the first report of ZIKV-DENV co-infection in Bangladesh that highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by the symptomatic similarities between ZIKV and other arboviruses and underscores the need for enhanced surveillance and public health interventions to mitigate the spread and impact of ZIKV in dengue-endemic regions.
Effect of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells secretory proteins on hypoxic pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Abdo Eiman , Ismail Mohammad A. , Al Hadidi Sabal , Al-Mrahleh Mairvat , Saleh Tareq , Zihlif Malik , Ababneh Nidaa A. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Hypoxia in tumor cells is linked to increased drug resistance and more aggressive behavior. In pancreatic cancer, the tumor microenvironment is notably hypoxic and exhibits strong immunosuppressive properties. Given that immunotherapy is now approved for pancreatic cancer treatment, further understanding of how pancreatic tumor cell hypoxia influences T-cell cytotoxicityis essential.

Objective
This study examined how hypoxia affects the interaction between pancreatic tumor cells (PANC-1) and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells.

Methods
Pancreatic tumor cells (PANC-1) were exposed to 20 cycles of chronic hypoxic conditions, each for 72 hours, followed by a re-oxygenation period for 24 hours. On cycles 10 and 20, PANC-1 conditioned media (CM) was harvested, and the hypoxic PANC-1 cells were co-cultured with either the activated cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells or with CD8+ T-cells CM. CD8+ T-cells CM was collected after five days of cell activation using anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and interleukin-2 (IL-2). CD8+ T-cells were activated for 72 hours and then cultured with the hypoxic PANC-1 CM.

Results
Hypoxic PANC-1 cells showed significant resistance to the lytic effect of either CD8+ T-cells co-culture or CD8+ T-cells CM treatment compared to normoxic PANC-1 cells. A significant decrease in TNF-α and IFN-γ levels was also detected. Additionally, a significant increase in IL-6, p53 and TNF-α gene expression levels was observed in PANC-1 cells treated with CD8+ T-cells CM. Moreover, IL-6 gene expression level showed a significant difference between hypoxic and normoxic PANC-1 cells. CD8+ T-cell proliferation and cytokines production were significantly higher in cells co-cultured with PANC-1 CM. However, no significant differences were observed after treatment with either hypoxic or normoxic PANC-1 CM.

Conclusion
Hypoxia decreases PANC-1 cells’ sensitivity to cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells. Reduced tumor cell susceptibility to CD8+ T-cells was associated with increased IL-6 expression and reduced TNF-α and IFN-γ levels. Thus, cytokine dysregulation might contribute to the hypoxia-mediated resistance of pancreatic tumor cells to CD8+ T-cells.
Net buffer load during regional citrate anticoagulated continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Forsal Innas , Pouchoulin Dominique , Roos Viktoria , Echeverri Jorge , Broman Marcus Ewert 
Published: January 2025

Background
Regionally anticoagulated continuous renal replacement therapy with citrate is the first choice for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. If citrate that reaches the patient exceeds the metabolic capacity, metabolic alkalosis will follow. Bicarbonate from the treatment fluids will also reach the patient and add to the bicarbonate load. Net buffer load is a parameter calculated by the dialysis machine software from the treatment fluid contents, the fluid flows and the filter properties. Each time the treatment settings are altered the net buffer load will be re-calculated. This parameter is integrated as a static safety parameter in the Prismax version 3 software, and will guide the operator on a possible development of metabolic alkalosis with the current settings.

Methods
Algorithms for estimating the net buffer load were developed. Hourly clinical data from electronic medical records from 60 patients’ continuous renal replacement treatments at the Adult Intensive Care Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden was used to simulate net buffer load. The relation between net buffer load and acid base status at steady state was evaluated. Net buffer load was also calculated from three previous studies for comparison to our present cohort.

Results
The mean net buffer load was +0.09 ±0.04 mmol/h/kg in the present cohort, and comparable to historic cohorts from literature. We could not establish a correlation to steady state arterial bicarbonate. The pre blood pump citrate containing replacement fluid flow rate was affecting net buffer load most of all parts of the dialysis circuit, with a r2 Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.65 (p<0.001).

Conclusion
The net buffer load parameter can alert the operator on the expected impact of the dialysis circuit on patient’s acid base status. It was possible to calculate realistic net buffer load values during 60 CRRT treatments.