bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The link between cognitive abilities and risk preference depends on measurement
Authors: Olschewski Sebastian , Rieskamp Jörg , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRisk preference is an important construct for understanding individual differences in risk taking throughout the behavioral sciences. An active stream of research has focused on better understanding risk preference through its connection to other psychological constructs, in particular, cognitive abilities. Here, we examine two large-scale multimethod data sets and demonstrate that the method used to measure risk preference is an important moderator. In self-report measures, we found small but consistent positive correlations between working memory capacity/numeracy, facets of cognitive abilities, and risk tolerance. In behavioral measures, we found, on average, no correlation and large intermethod heterogeneity. This heterogeneity can be explained by the choice architecture that is created in behavioral methods—in particular, the relation between risk and reward and the impact of decision error in a task. Consequently, investigating how risk preference relates to psychological constructs such as cognitive abilities require a profound understanding of the choice architecture in measurements of risk preference and in the real world.
Teamwork and safety climate in Polish long-term care facilities: questionnaire reliability and usability
Authors: Świtalski Jakub , Radomska Agnieszka , Tatara Tomasz , Wnuk Katarzyna , Miazga Wojciech , Szpakowski Rafał , Borowska Mariola , Zdęba-Mozoła Agnieszka , Kozłowski Remigiusz , Marczak Michał , Czerw Aleksandra , Dykowska Grażyna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Teamwork and Safety Climate Survey (TSCS) is one of the questionnaires used to measure patient safety. The questionnaire includes two scales: teamwork climate and safety climate. The objective of the study is the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the TSCS to Polish conditions and checking the reliability and usability of the tool in long-term care facilities. Firstly, the TSCS was translated into Polish. Then, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among the medical and auxiliary personnel of long-term care facilities all over Poland. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analysed (including Cronbach’s alpha coefficient). Correlations between the areas of the questionnaire and individual variables relating to facility parameters were also calculated. Respondents (n = 558) working in 26 different long-term care facilities participated in the study. The analysis has provided four scales instead of two of the original version of the questionnaire (teamwork climate, safety climate, ability to speak up and following the rules, work organisation). Correlation analysis revealed a number of significant correlations between the scales and individual variables corresponding to the parameters of long-term care facilities and respondents themselves. In conclusion, the Polish version of the TSCS may be a useful tool to measure aspects related to patient safety culture in long-term care facilities.
Predicting preterm birth using machine learning techniques in oral microbiome
Authors: Hong You Mi , Lee Jaewoong , Cho Dong Hyu , Jeon Jung Hun , Kang Jihoon , Kim Min-Gul , Lee Semin , Kim Jin Kyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPreterm birth prediction is essential for improving neonatal outcomes. While many machine learning techniques have been applied to predict preterm birth using health records, inflammatory markers, and vaginal microbiome data, the role of prenatal oral microbiome remains unclear. This study aimed to compare oral microbiome compositions between a preterm and a full-term birth group, identify oral microbiome associated with preterm birth, and develop a preterm birth prediction model using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions. Participants included singleton pregnant women admitted to Jeonbuk National University Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Subjects were divided into a preterm and a full-term birth group based on pregnancy outcomes. Oral microbiome samples were collected using mouthwash within 24 h before delivery and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed to analyze taxonomy. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using DESeq2. A random forest classifier was applied to predict preterm birth based on the oral microbiome. A total of 59 women participated in this study, with 30 in the preterm birth group and 29 in the full-term birth group. There was no significant difference in maternal clinical characteristics between the preterm and the full-birth group. Twenty-five differentially abundant taxa were identified, including 22 full-term birth-enriched taxa and 3 preterm birth-enriched taxa. The random forest classifier achieved high balanced accuracies (0.765 ± 0.071) using the 9 most important taxa. Our study identified 25 differentially abundant taxa that could differentiate preterm and full-term birth groups. A preterm birth prediction model was developed using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions in mouthwash samples. Findings of this study suggest the potential of using oral microbiome for predicting preterm birth. Further multi-center and larger studies are required to validate our results before clinical applications.
Bacterial diversity in arboreal ant nesting spaces is linked to colony developmental stage
Authors: Nepel Maximilian , Mayer Veronika E. , Barrajon-Santos Veronica , Woebken Dagmar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe omnipresence of ants is commonly attributed to their eusocial organization and division of labor, however, bacteria in their nests may facilitate their success. Like many other arboreal ants living in plant-provided cavities, Azteca ants form dark-colored “patches” in their nesting space inside Cecropia host plants. These patches are inhabited by bacteria, fungi and nematodes and appear to be essential for ant colony development. Yet, detailed knowledge of the microbial community composition and its consistency throughout the life cycle of ant colonies was lacking. Amplicon sequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA genes in patches from established ant colonies reveals a highly diverse, ant species-specific bacterial community and little variation within an individual ant colony, with Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales and Chitinophagales being most abundant. In contrast, bacterial communities of early ant colony stages show low alpha diversity and no ant species-specific community composition. We suggest a substrate-caused bottleneck after vertical transmission of the bacterial patch community from mother to daughter colonies. The subsequent ecological succession is driven by environmental parameters and influenced by ant behavior. Our study provides key information for future investigations determining the functions of these bacteria, which is essential to understand the ubiquity of such patches among arboreal ants.
Maximal Expiratory Pressure and Its Link With Cough Airflow Before and After Expiratory Muscle Strength Training in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Dakin Avery E. , Borders James C. , Curtis James A. , Hegland Karen W. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) improves maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and several researchers have reported improvements to voluntary cough airflow in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the link between the change in MEP and cough and whether patient-specific factors impact the training response is not well understood. Therefore, study aims were to examine (a) the relationship between MEP and cough pre- and post-EMST, (b) the associations between the change in MEP and change in cough, and (c) if patient-specific factors predict the change MEP.

Method:

This is a secondary analysis of data from 30 people with PD who completed MEP and voluntary and reflex cough testing via spirometry pre– and post–5 weeks of EMST. Pearson's
r
correlations were used for Aims 1 and 2. Multivariable linear regression was used for Aim 3.

Results:

Pre-EMST correlations between MEP and cough as well as correlations between the change in MEP and change in cough were nonsignificant. Post-EMST, MEP was correlated with voluntary cough expired volume (CEV,
r
= .58
, p
< .001), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR,
r
= .56
, p
= .001), and cough volume acceleration (
r
= .47
, p
= .009
)
, as well as reflex CEV (
r
= .5,
p
= .005). Patient-specific factors did not predict the change in MEP.

Conclusions:
This study showed that there was a larger correlation between expiratory muscle strength and cough airflow post-EMST than pre-EMST for voluntary and reflex cough in PD; however, the correlation between the change was small. Future research is needed to identify additional physiologic changes that are impacting cough airflow after EMST.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24602565
Intégrer la méditation en éducation thérapeutique du patient : Enquête et réflexions
Authors: Brozzetti Anne , de la Tribonnière Xavier , Corbeau Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Introduction : La pratique de la méditation prend de l’ampleur dans la population générale et parmi les patients. L’ETP peut être un espace pour proposer cette pratique, mais ceci est mal documenté. Notre. Notre objectif est de recenser les pratiques méditatives en ETP sur un territoire et de les analyser afin de voir leurs conditions d’émergence et de développement. Méthode : Nous avons mené une enquête rétrospective quantitative à visée descriptive par auto-questionnaire en ligne auprès de 530 acteurs d’ETP (essentiellement des coordonnateurs de programme) en Occitanie et en PACA. Puis il a été proposé à 12 répondants de participer à un entretien compréhensif par téléphone. Résultats : 86 (16 %) personnes ont répondu au questionnaire en ligne, 33 (entre 6 % des personnes interrogées et 38 % des répondants) proposaient des pratiques méditatives en ETP. Parmi ces derniers, cela était proposé à l’hôpital comme en ville, pour différentes pathologies (principalement obésité), dans le cadre de programmes d’ETP (67 %) ou hors programme (33 %). Cinquante-cinq pour cent des équipes proposaient des pratiques méditatives dans des ateliers thématiques comme la gestion de l’alimentation, du stress ou des douleurs, 36 % lors d’un atelier dédié à la découverte de la méditation et 9 % offraient un programme de méditation de type Mindfulness-based-stress-reduction (MBSR). L’animation des séances était assurée par un intervenant en ETP expérimenté en méditation mais non formé à l’animation de la méditation (58 %), par un professionnel de l’équipe formé à cet accompagnement (27 %), ou par un prestataire extérieur formé (21 %). Les professionnels pensaient que cette offre était clairement bénéfique pour les patients. Discussion : Quel que soit le format pédagogique, la proposition de méditation en ETP peut s’inscrire dans diverses intentions éducatives. Dans le cadre d’un programme d’ETP, la proposition de méditation relève de la sensibilisation, et non de l’entraînement. Des formations courtes ou des DU en méditation en santé pourraient permettre à des intervenants en ETP de mener des séances de méditation. Des propositions sur les compétences à acquérir par les patients dans cette pratique et des points de vigilances dans l’organisation de séances de méditation sont présentées. Conclusion : La méditation, bien qu’encore peu proposée en ETP, peut être intégrée en ETP et semble profitable pour les patients et les soignants. D’autres études sur l’impact de cette offre éducative chez les patients sont nécessaires.
Organentnahmen nach Herz-Kreislaufstillstand: Wo stehen
wir?
Authors: Greif-Higer Gertrud 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Transplantationsmedizin wird durch den gravierenden Organmangel stark
eingeschränkt – mit Folgen für Patienten, die auf ein
Transplantat warten. Mit der Einführung der Organspende nach
Feststellung des Herz-Kreislaufstillstands hat sich die Möglichkeit zur
Verbesserung der Organspendezahlen ergeben. Gleichzeitig zeigten sich dabei neue
medizinische Herausforderungen sowie moralische, ethische und rechtliche
Problemlagen. In Deutschland wurde deshalb bisher von der Einführung
abgesehen zu einem hohen Preis mit dauerhaft niedrigen Organspenden.
Medical Students Understanding of The Scope of Plastic Surgery
Authors: Abdulaziz Mohammad K.H.B. , Al-Jamali Mohammad , Al-Mazidi Sundus , Albuloushi Sarah , Al-Ali Ahmad B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Plastic surgery has developed to benefit in a variety of challenging areas formerly handled by other disciplines. Medical students do not have a clear picture of plastic surgery as a career due to lacking scope, clinical practice, and understanding of plastic surgery as a clinical area of expertise, including general practitioners, nursing staff, medical trainees, and the general public, and misconceptions about the extent of reconstructive and plastic surgery.
Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on Kuwait University Medical students (2nd–7th Years) over a period of 1 month. A questionnaire and a consent form were provided to eligible students. The inclusion criteria were Kuwait University Medical students from 2nd to 7th Years with signed consent form. The response was collected via email sent in coordination with the Vice Dean of Student Affairs in the Faculty of Medicine. Using statistical package for the social sciences, responses were statistically analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was used to calculate p-values, where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results A total of 244 eligible medical students, 121 males and 123 females, were included in the study, with a mean age of 21 (±2) years. Similarly, 126 (51.6%) were preclinical students (2nd–4th-year students), while 118 (48.4%) were clinical students (5th–7th-year students). About 79.8% of medical students believed that plastic surgery plays an essential role in trauma management, whereas 9.2% did not consider plastic surgery significant for trauma management. This study found that only 15.5% of medical students were interested in enrolling in plastic surgery residency after graduation, while 47.1% of students did not consider plastic surgery residency after graduation. However, 37.4% were uncertain. The two most driving factors in deciding on plastic surgery residency were expected income (61.8%) and lifestyle (14.3%).
Conclusion Improving medical students' education quality can enhance their perception and awareness of plastic surgery. Students should be taught the broader scope of plastic surgery. The inclusion of formal training during undergraduation is the essence of time and should be added to or improved during plastic surgery rotations with more emphasis on reconstructive and hand/peripheral nerve surgery. Student-led interest groups can be a useful tool for educating students about their specialty.
Evaluation of Minimum Recording Time and the Influence of Time in the Supine Position on Out-of-Center Sleep Tests
Authors: Teixeira Raquel Chartuni , Cahali Michel Burihan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing is of 17% among men aged between 50 and 70-years, and of 9% among women in the same age group. In Brazil, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is also highly prevalent, and it is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular impacts, excessive daytime sleepiness, and increasing risk of traffic accidents. Laboratory-based polysomnography is the gold standard test for OSA diagnosis. However, its complexity has led to the search for alternatives to simplify the diagnosis, such as the out-of-center sleep test (OCST).
Objectives To discusses the minimum OCST recording time and the potential effects of the supine position on this parameter.
Data Synthesis We conducted a search on the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify relevant studies on OCST recording time and a possible association with body position. We used a combination of terms, including Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Home Monitoring OR Home Care Services OR Portable Monitoring AND Supine OR Position OR Recording Time OR Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea. The references of the selected articles were also reviewed to find other relevant studies. Through our approach, eighteen articles were retrieved and included in the present study.
Conclusion Since OCSTs are conducted in an unattended environment, with potential signal loss during the night, it is crucial to determine the minimum recording time to validate the test and assess how the time spent in the supine position affects this parameter. After reviewing the literature, this topic remains to be clarified, and additional studies should focus on that matter.
Enhanced photoresponse of the CdS microwire photodetectors based on indium ion implantation
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Xuefeng , Guo Shuai , Wu Mengxuan , Quan Sufeng , Ma Zheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One-dimensional nano/microstructures have garnered significant attention as the fundamental building blocks for the high-performance integrated systems. Among them, CdS microwires, due to their intriguing optoelectronic properties, hold great promise as candidates for the next generation of high-performance photodetectors. In this study, CdS microwires with wurtzite structure are synthesized using a common chemical vapor deposition method. Optical characterizations revealed that the synthesized microwires exhibited a distinct near band edge emission peak at 515 nm and a broad defect-related emission peak at approximately 650 nm. It is well-known that the intrinsic defects and impurities can significantly degrade the photoresponse properties of the CdS microwire-based photodetectors. To address this issue and enhance the device’s photoresponse performance, indium (In) ion implantation is employed to heal the intrinsic defects. Compared to the pristine CdS microwires, the CdS microwire-based photodetectors with In ion implantation demonstrated a remarkable improvement in photoresponse properties. Specifically, they exhibited a higher responsivity of 390 mA W−1 and external quantum efficiency of 119% (a 94.6-fold increase). The specific detectivity also increased to 3.82 × 107 Jones (a 13-fold increase), while the decay time improved to 652 ms (compared to 3.82 s for pristine devices). Overall, our findings highlight the effectiveness of ion implantation as a strategy to enhance the performance of CdS microwires-based photodetectors. This advancement renders them potentially applicable in integrated photonic, electronic and photoelectric systems.
Recombination dynamics and pronounced re-absorption effect in ZnO single crystals under two-photon excitation
Authors: Lu K C , Zhao Y N , Zheng C C , Ning J Q , Li B K , Wang J N , Xu S J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were conducted on ZnO single crystals using two-photon (2P) excitation at low temperatures ranging from 25 to 260 K. The decay constants of various emission peaks are determined and compared between one-photon and two-photon excitations using a recently modified localized-state ensemble model. The analysis is focused on the redshift of the phonon-assisted free exciton transition energy with increasing temperature. A significantly longer radiative recombination lifetime of approximately 840 ps is observed under 2P excitation. The extended lifetime of excitons during 2P excitation is achieved through the interplay of multiple mechanisms. Photon-recycling, enabled by high absorption coefficients and total internal reflection, facilitates re-absorption and new carrier generation. Phonon scattering lowers photon energy, allowing their escape from the crystal, while exciton–polariton interactions delay photon travel, collectively contributing to the extension of exciton lifetimes. The re-absorption effect and elongated carrier lifetime observed from our work could be beneficial for applications of ZnO materials in 2P imaging, particularly of biological samples.
Impact of multi-domain effect on the effective carrier mobility of ferroelectric field-effect transistor
Authors: Liu FenNing , Zhang YueYuan , Peng Yue , Xiao WenWu , Han GenQuan , Liu Yan , Hao Yue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
HfO2-based ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) are a promising candidate for multilevel memory manipulation and brain-like computing due to the multi-domain properties of the HfO2 FE films based polycrystalline structure. Although there have been many reports on the working mechanism of the HfO2-based FeFET and improving its reliability, the impact of multi-domain effect on the effective carrier mobility (μ
channel) has not been carried out yet. The effective μ
channel determines the level of readout current and affects the accuracy of the precision of peripheral circuit. In this work, FeFETs with HfZrO
x
FE gate dielectric were fabricated, and the effect of write (or erase) pulses with linear gradient variation on the effective μ
channel was studied. For the multiple downward polarization under write pulses, the μ
channel degrades as the domains gradually switch to downward. This is mainly due to the enhancement of the scattering effect induced by the positive charges (e.g. oxygen vacancies

V
O

2
+

) trapping and the increase of channel carrier density. For the erase pulses, the μ
channel increases as the domains gradually reverse to upward, which is mainly due to the reduction of the scattering effect induced by the detrapping of positive charges and the decrease of channel carrier density. In addition, the modulation effect of multilevel polarization states on μ
channel is verified by numerical simulation. This effect provides a new idea and solution for the development of low power HfO2-based FeFETs in neuromorphic computing.
Flower-shaped Ni(OH)2 decorated with biomass-derived carbon TPB-1 for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Xiangtao , Wu Shang , Sun Xin , Yang Jincai , Wang Jiajia , Tian Shuo , Wang Yanbin , Chen Chen , Yin Fenping , Zhang Ping , Yang Quanlu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, notable headway has been made in augmenting supercapacitor functioning through employment of pioneering components, exceptional nanostructures and additional investigation of electrolytes. Nonetheless, achieving superior performance with straightforward techniques remains a significant hurdle. In order to surmount this, an experimental three-dimensional nanospherical pore structure (TPB-20@Ni(OH)2) was designed and prepared. TPB-1 was obtained through carbonisation and activation. TPB-20@Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles were synthesized using TPB-1 as the carbon source and nickel chloride hexahydrate as the nickel source. Furthermore, the TPB-20@Ni(OH)2//AC supercapacitor displayed an impressive energy density of 22.1 Wh kg−1. The TPB-20@Ni(OH)2 composites exhibited a specific capacity of 978 F−1, which is noteworthy. The exceptional output exhibited by the TPB-20@Ni(OH)2 composite derives from its innovative structure, presenting an extensive specific surface area of 237.4 m2 g−1 and porosity of roughly 4.0 nm. Following 20 000 cycles (at a current density of 1 A g−1), asymmetric supercapacitors assembled from TPB-20@Ni(OH)2//AC retained 80.0% of its initial specific electrostatic capacity, indicating superior electrochemical stability and high electrochemical reversibility.