bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of metal subcellular distribution and its relationship with metal uptake in marine mussels
Authors: Ng Tania Y-T. , Wang Wen-Xiong 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We examined the dynamics of subcellular distribution of metals (Cd, Ag, and Zn) in the marine green mussel Perna viridis by partitioning the metals into the insoluble fraction (IF), heat-sensitive proteins (HSP), and metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) during metal uptake and elimination. Variations in metal uptake and elimination then were correlated with the subcellular distributions of these metals. The IF and HSP were the first ligands to bind with the metals during the dissolved exposure, and more metals were found in the HSP when the metal influx rate was higher. However, to minimize toxicity, metals were redistributed from HSP to MTLP afterwards. The subcellular distribution of metals was dependent of the exposure route in the mussels. During dietary metal exposure, the metals attained equilibrium before they were assimilated and the metal assimilation efficiency was independent of the metal partitioning in different subcellular fractions. During the efflux, metals in the soluble fraction mediated depuration, whereas metals in the insoluble fraction acted as a final storage pool. Redistribution also may occur between the metal-sensitive and inactive pools without significant depuration as a secondary protective mechanism. We further demonstrated that the higher efflux rate of Ag and Cd was related to a higher partitioning in the MTLP and a lower partitioning in the IF. Our study shows that subcellular pools other than MTLP were involved in immediate metal handling in the bivalves. The wide dynamics of subcellular metal distribution suggests that the relevance of individual subcellular fractions is dependent on the exposure pathway.
Modulation of uranium bioaccumulation by hypoxia in the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea: Induction of multixenobiotic resistance protein and heat shock protein 60 in gill tissues
Authors: Tran Damien , Bourdineaud Jean-Paul , Massabuau Jean-Charles , Garnier-Laplace Jacqueline 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The influence of hypoxia on the bioaccumulation of uranium in the clam Corbicula fluminea was investigated in ecologically relevant conditions. The cellular impact at the gill-tissue level was assessed by analyzing the induction of multixenobiotic resistance protein (MXR) and heat shock protein 60. Analyses were performed at three biological levels. First, at the organism level, uranium induced a significant decrease in the valve open duration under normoxia, but not under hypoxia, in which oxygen drive imposed an increase of the valve open duration. Second, at the tissue level, the uranium bioaccumulation rate in the gills was higher under hypoxia than under normoxia. Third, at the cellular level, MXR was induced by uranium but not by hypoxia. The threshold of tissular uranium concentration triggering MXR induction was between 3 and 5 nmol/g. On the contrary, Hsp60 was induced by hypoxia but not by uranium.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Potentially Preventable Readmissions: The Case of Diabetes
Authors: Jiang H. Joanna , Andrews Roxanne , Stryer Daniel , Friedman Bernard 
Published: August 2005

Objectives. Considerable differences in prevalence of diabetes and management of the disease exist among racial/ethnic groups. We examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and hospital readmissions for diabetes-related conditions. Methods. Nonmaternal adult patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or private insurance coverage hospitalized for diabetes-related conditions in 5 states were identified from the 1999 State Inpatient Databases of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Racial/ethnic differences in the likelihood of readmission were estimated by logistic regression with adjustment for patient demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics and hospital attributes. Results. The risk-adjusted likelihood of 180-day readmission was significantly lower for non-Hispanic Whites than for Hispanics across all 3 payers or for non-Hispanic Blacks among Medicare enrollees. Within each payer, Hispanics from low-income communities had the highest risk of readmission. Among Medicare beneficiaries, Blacks and Hispanics had higher percentages of readmission for acute complications and microvascular disease, while Whites had higher percentages of readmission for macrovascular conditions. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities are more evident in 180-day than in 30-day readmission rates, and greatest among the Medicare population. Readmission diagnoses vary by race/ethnicity, with Blacks and Hispanics at higher risk for those complications more likely preventable with effective postdischarge care.
Maternal Obesity and Diabetes as Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Differences Among 4 Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors: Rosenberg Terry J. , Garbers Samantha , Lipkind Heather , Chiasson Mary Ann 
Published: August 2005

Objectives. We examined associations between obesity, diabetes, and 3 adverse pregnancy outcomes—primary cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and low birth-weight (LBW)—by racial/ethnic group. Our goal was to better understand how these associations differentially impact birth outcomes by group in order to develop more focused interventions. Methods. Data were collected from the 1999, 2000, and 2001 New York City birth files for 329988 singleton births containing information on prepregnancy weight and prenatal weight gain. Separate logistic regressions for 4 racial/ethnic groups predicted the adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with diabetes. Other variables in the regressions included obesity, excess weight gain, hypertension, preeclampsia, and substance use during pregnancy (e.g., smoking). Results. Chronic and gestational diabetes were significant risks for a primary cesarean and for preterm birth in all women. Diabetes as a risk for LBW varied by group. For example, whereas chronic diabetes increased the risk for LBW among Asians, Hispanics, and Whites (adjusted odds ratios=2.28, 1.69, and 1.59), respectively, it was not a significant predictor of LBW among Blacks. Conclusions. In this large, population-based study, obesity and diabetes were independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the need for women to undergo lifestyle changes to help them control their weight during the childbearing years and beyond.
Variation in elemental intensities among teeth and between pre‐ and postnatal regions of enamel
Authors: Dolphin Alexis E. , Goodman Alan H. , Amarasiriwardena Dulasiri D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMicrospatial analyses of the trace element composition of dental enamel are made possible using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). Fine spatial resolution, multielement capabilities, and minimal sample destruction make this technique particularly well‐suited for documenting the distribution of elements in sequentially calcifying layers of enamel. Because deciduous enamel forms from week 13 in utero up to 9 months postnatally (thereafter essentially becoming inert), the application of LA‐ICP‐MS allows for the retrospective measurement of prenatal and early postnatal trace‐element uptake during a critical period of child development. In this study, we compared intra‐ and intertooth intensities of 25Mg, 57Fe, 66Zn, 68Zn, 88Sr, 138Ba, and 208Pb via LA‐ICP‐MS of 38 exfoliated deciduous incisors and canines donated by 36 participants in the Solís Valley Mexico Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (NCRSP). Pre‐ and postnatal comparisons within teeth showed significant increases (P < 0.001) and greater variation in the abundance of all isotopes in postnatal enamel, with the exception of a decrease in 25Mg (P < 0.001) and constant values for 88Sr (P = 0.681). Conversely, comparisons by tooth type and mouth quadrant revealed few significant differences between teeth of the same individual. We argue that more variation in the trace element composition of teeth occurs across developmental areas within a tooth than among different teeth of the same person. This study further demonstrates that sequentially calcifying areas of enamel have different chemical concentrations. The results support the use of microspatial analyses of enamel for understanding changes in nutrition, pollution, and residence. Am J Phys Anthropol., 2005 © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between physique characteristics and hand skeletal aging status
Authors: Kalichman Leonid , Malkin Ida , Kobyliansky Eugene 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between skeletal aging traits (obtained from evaluation of hand radiographs) and physique characteristics, including indices of obesity, skeletal size, muscular development, and the somatotypes of Heath and Carter (1967) and of Deriabin (1985). To achieve our aims, we used multiple regression analysis, and Pearson's and canonical correlation analyses. The studied population comprised 629 males and 561 females aged 18–90 years, all members of the Chuvasha (Russian Federation). The present study provides evidence for a connection between hand bone aging traits and physique characteristics. The cortical index showed a small but significant correlation with adiposity and the index of overall physique, but bone mineral density (BMD) traits were not correlated with the index of overall physique. Deriabin's set of somatotypes was significantly correlated with BMD, but could explain only 2% of its variation. Significant correlations of the hand osteoarthritis trait were observed with indices of adiposity. Also observed were statistically significant canonical correlations with both sets of somatotypes, which enabled us to predict 2–3% of hand osteoarthritis variation by a combination of somatotype components. Osseometric score evinced statistically significant correlations with most indices of physique as well as with a combination of somatotype components. These findings may prove helpful in epidemiological studies, because they show that body composition is the factor that is statistically significantly associated with skeletal aging. Am J Phys Anthropol., 2005 © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Admixture analysis of a rural population of the state of Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Bonilla Carolina , Gutiérrez Gerardo , Parra Esteban J. , Kline Christopher , Shriver Mark D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe studied 156 individuals of Native American descent from the city of Tlapa in the state of Guerrero in western Mexico. Most individuals' ethnicity was either Nahua, Mixtec, or Tlapanec, but self‐identified Mestizos and individuals of mixed ethnicities were also included in the sample. We typed 24 autosomal, one Y‐chromosome, and four mitochondrial ancestry‐informative markers (AIMs) to estimate group and individual admixture proportions, and determine whether the admixture process involved directional gene flow between parental groups. When genetically defined (GD) Mestizos were excluded from the analysis, Native American ancestry represented ∼98% of the population's gene pool, while European and West African ancestry represented ∼1% each. Maternally inherited markers also showed an exceptionally high Native American contribution (98.5%), as did the paternally inherited marker, DYS199 (90.7%). We did not detect genetic structure in this population using these AIMs, which appears consistent with the homogeneity of the sample in terms of admixture proportions. The addition of GD Mestizos to the sample did not produce a considerable change in admixture estimates, but it had a major effect on population structure. These results show that the population of Tlapa in Guerrero, Mexico, has experienced little admixture with Europeans and/or West Africans. They also show that the impact of a small number of admixed individuals on an otherwise homogeneous population might have profound implications on subsequent ancestry/phenotype analysis and mapping strategies. We suggest that heterogeneity is a major characteristic of Mexican populations and, as a consequence, should not be disregarded when designing epidemiological studies of Mexican and Mexican American populations. Am J Phys Anthropol., 2005 © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of hydrogen‐dependent denitrification under varying pH and temperature conditions
Authors: Rezania B. , Cicek N. , Oleszkiewicz J.A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIt is important to determine the effect of changing environmental conditions on the microbial kinetics for design and modeling of biological treatment processes. In this research, the kinetics of nitrate and nitrite reduction by autotrophic hydrogen‐dependent denitrifying bacteria and the possible role of acetogens were studied in two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) under varying pH and temperature conditions. A zero order kinetic model was proposed for nitrate and nitrite reduction and kinetic coefficients were obtained at two temperatures (25 ± 1 and 12 ± 1°C), and pH ranging from 7 to 9.5. Nitrate and nitrite reduction was inhibited at pH of 7 at both temperatures of 12 ± 1 and 25 ± 1°C. The optimum pH conditions for nitrate and nitrite reduction were 9.5 at 25 ± 1°C and 8.5 at 12 ± 1°C. Nitrate and nitrite reduction rates were compared, when they were used separately as the sole electron acceptor. It was shown that nitrite reduction rates consistently exceeded nitrate reduction rates, regardless of temperature and pH. The observed transitional accumulation of nitrite, when nitrate was used as an electron acceptor, indicated that nitrite reduction was slowed down by the presence of nitrate. No activity of acetogenic bacteria was observed in the hydrogenotrophic biomass and no residual acetate was detected, verifying that the kinetic parameters obtained were not influenced by heterotrophic denitrification and accurately represented autotrophic activity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bridging environmental issues with new product development
Authors: Berchicci Luca , Bodewes Wynand 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStudies dealing with environmental issues in product development have made significant progress explaining how firms can develop greener products that succeed on the market. Intriguingly, although a large number of tools and methods have been developed that supposedly help firms develop greener products, it is less common to draw on established theories on product innovation. This may explain why firms that have tried to develop more sustainable products have had mixed experiences. Environmental new product development (ENPD) and new product development (NPD) literature is reviewed to develop a model that helps explain the complexity of greening and the challenges product development teams face in their attempts to incorporate environmental issues into product development. This paper emphasizes that scholars need to incorporate environmental issues into established theories on NPD. Adapting existing theoretical models may help practitioners in their struggle to integrate the E into NPD. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Electrochemical Deposition onto Self‐Assembled Monolayers: New Insights into Micro‐ and Nanofabrication
Authors: Schilardi Patricia L. , Dip Patricio , dos Santos Claro Paula C. , Benítez Guillermo A. , Fonticelli Mariano H. , Azzaroni Omar , Salvarezza Roberto C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPattern transfer with high resolution is a frontier topic in the emerging field of nanotechnologies. Electrochemical molding is a possible route for nanopatterning metal, alloys and oxide surfaces with high resolution in a simple and inexpensive way. This method involves electrodeposition onto a conducting master covered by a self‐assembled alkanethiolate monolayer (SAMs). This molecular film enables direct surface–relief pattern transfer from the conducting master to the inner face of the electrodeposit, and also allows an easy release of the electrodeposited film due their excellent anti‐adherent properties. Replicas of the original conductive master can be also obtained by a simple two‐step procedure. SAM quality and stability under electrodeposition conditions combined with the formation of smooth electrodeposits are crucial to obtain high‐quality pattern transfer with sub‐50 nm resolution.
A Unique Site‐Selective Reaction of Ketones with New Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Based on a Tetraphenylmethane Structure.
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Maruyama Akinobu , Yoshimura Misaki , Morimoto Koji , Tohma Hirofumi , Shiro Motoo , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Linderol A and Its First Conversion to (.+‐.)‐6‐epi‐Adunctin E.
Authors: Yamashita Masayuki , Shimizu Takashi , Inaba Tomoki , Takada Ai , Takao Ikuko , Kawasaki Ikuo , Ohta Shunsaku 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Charme und Chancen der Weißen Biotechnologie
Authors: Flaschel E. , Sell D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDie Weiße Biotechnologie ist keine neue Disziplin, sondern fasst nur ein Segment der Biotechnologie zusammen, um sie von den beiden anderen großen Segmenten – der Roten und der Grünen Biotechnologie – abzuheben. Sie ist in den Fokus geraten, weil bahnbrechende Verfahren zur Analyse biologischer Systeme eine Neubetrachtung der Potenziale der Biotechnologie zur Folge haben. Neue Entwicklungen sind abzusehen, wie über genombasierte Daten mit Hilfe der Bioinformatik, der Molekularbiologie und der Bioverfahrenstechnik Prozesse in ganzheitlicher Betrachtung optimiert werden. Wegen relativ einfacher biologischer Systeme, aber vielfältiger Anwendungen wird die Weiße Biotechnologie als Vorreiterdisziplin ins Feld geführt. Durch die Förderung interdisziplinärer Ansätze zur integralen Prozessentwicklung sollte die biotechnologisch orientierte Industrie in weitem Maße profitieren. Dies gilt insbesondere für das wissenschaftliche Umfeld und die kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen, die mehr und mehr vom Zugang zu den modernen Methoden der Biotechnologie abhängen. Im internationalen Rahmen ist gerade auf dem Gebiet der Weißen Biotechnologie eine konkurrenzfähige Situation in Deutschland festzustellen. Es bedarf jedoch einer nachhaltigen und langfristigen Unterstützung, damit sowohl die Wissenschaft als auch die Industrie nicht den Anschluss an die internationale Entwicklung der Weißen Biotechnologie verlieren.
Quality of life among patients with Stage II and III breast carcinoma randomized to receive high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support or intermediate‐dose chemotherapy
Authors: Peppercorn Jeffrey , Herndon James , Kornblith Alice B. , Peters William , Ahles Tim , Vredenburgh James , Schwartz Gary , Shpall Elizabeth , Hurd David D. , Holland Jimmie , Winer Eric ,   The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) and The Southwestern Oncology Group (SWOG)Group
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to compare the quality of life (QOL) after treatment among patients who had breast carcinoma with multiple positive lymph nodes. The patients were randomized to receive either high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (HDC) or intermediate‐dose chemotherapy (IDC) in the adjuvant setting.METHODSTwo hundred forty‐six patients with AJCC Stage IIA, IIB, or IIIA breast carcinoma who had ≥ 10 positive lymph nodes and who were participants in Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9082 were enrolled in this companion study, CALGB 9066. Patients were randomized to receive either high‐dose cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and cisplatin (CPA/cDDP/BCNU) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (the HDC arm) or intermediate‐dose CPA/cDDP/BCNU as consolidation to adjuvant chemotherapy (the IDC arm). QOL was assessed at baseline and at 3 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months using the Functional Living Index‐Cancer (FLIC), the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS)‐Self Report, and the McCorkle Symptom Distress Scale (SDS).RESULTSAt the 3‐month assessment, patients in the HDC arm demonstrated significant worsening of QOL compared with the IDC arm in terms of their physical well being (FLIC, P = 0.023), social functioning (FLIC, P = 0.026; PAIS, P < 0.0001), symptom distress (SDS, P = 0.0002), and total QOL scores (FLIC, P = 0.042). At 12 months, the differences in QOL scores between the HDC arm and the IDC arm had resolved.CONCLUSIONSPatients who received more intensive adjuvant therapy experienced transient declines in QOL. By 12 months after therapy, QOL was comparable between the 2 arms, regardless of therapy intensity, and many QOL areas were improved from baseline. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
On generalized stochastic perturbation‐based finite element method
Authors: Kamiński Marcin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGeneralized nth order stochastic perturbation technique, that can be applied to solve some boundary value or boundary initial problems in computational physics and/or engineering with random parameters is proposed here. This technique is demonstrated in conjunction with the finite element method (FEM) to model 1D linear elastostatics problem with a single random variable. The symbolic computer program is employed to perform computational studies on convergence of the first two probabilistic moments for simple unidirectional tension of a bar. These numerical studies verify the influence of coefficient of variation of the random input and, at the same time, of the perturbation parameter on the first two probabilistic moments of the final solution vector. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of chitosan with genipin and its fluorogenic attributes for potential microcapsule membrane characterization
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Ouyang Wei , Lawuyi Bisi , Martoni Christopher , Prakash Satya 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study investigates the fluorogenic characteristics of the chitosan–genipin reaction for applications in microencapsulation research. Results showed that the chitosan–genipin reaction generated a colored and fluorescent product, with optimal excitation and emission wavelengths at 369 and 470 nm, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that reaction conditions affected the fluorescence intensity of the product. Mixture at the ratio of 4:1 (chitosan: genipin by weight) fluoresced the most. It also fluoresced stronger if the reaction occurred at higher temperature, with the intensity of 10.4 × 105 CPS at 37°C, 5.9 × 105 CPS at 20°C, and 2.5 × 105 CPS at 4°C. As well, the fluorescence of the mixture developed gradually over time, attaining the emission maxima of 2.9 × 105, 7.6 × 105, and 10.0 × 105 CPS in 1, 6, and 18 h, respectively. Chitosan‐coated alginate microcapsules were prepared without prior labeling, to which subsequent genipin treatment was applied in order to examine the potential of using genipin in microcapsule characterization. Chitosan bound to the alginate beads interacted with genipin, from which the resultant fluorescent signals allowed for clear visualization of the chitosan coating under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The relative fluorescence intensity across the chitosan membrane was found to be considerably higher than the controls (175 vs. 50). The membrane thickness measured was 29.2 ± 7.3 μm. These findings demonstrate a convenient and effective way of characterizing chitosan‐based microcapsules using genipin as a fluorogenic marker, a technique that will be useful in microcapsule research and other biomedical applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005