bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green-based modifiable CaZnBr4 for solar cells application
Authors: Emetere Moses E. , Bello Oluwaseyi O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFuture revolution in photovoltaics will be hinged mainly on cost, health implication, and material stability and performance. Based on these criteria, lead-based inorganic photovoltaics, organic–inorganic hybrid, and silicon photovoltaics are screened-out. According to the literature, the lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cell is favorably disposed to cost and safe-health. However, the simultaneous solution to material stability, high defect density, and low power conversion efficiency (PCE) still remains a mystery that has not been solved. This research proposed the green-based modifiable CaZnBr4 as a potential candidate for lead-free solar cell application based on the principle of A-site cation with green-based additive incorporation. The green-based additive was obtained from Kola Nitida, Carica Papaya, Ficus Exasperata, and Musa paradisiaca. The elemental characterization of the green-based additives was performed using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The optical, crystalline, and electronic properties were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Quantum Espresso, scanning electron microscopy and SCAPS-1D. The green-base-modified CaZnBr4 showed significant PCE improvement by 3% with significant film and crystallinity formation. The stressed state of the parent compound CaZnBr4 shows that it may be better suited for thermovoltaics application. It is recommended that better results could be obtained when different synthetic routes and green-based additives are used to initiate the defect passivation protocols.
A statistical bonded particle model study on the effects of rock heterogeneity and cement strength on dynamic rock fracture
Authors: Wessling Albin , Larsson Simon , Kajberg Jörgen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNumerical modelling and simulation can be used to gain insight about rock excavation processes such as rock drilling. Since rock materials are heterogeneous by nature due to varying mechanical and geometrical properties of constituent minerals, laboratory observations exhibit a certain degree of unpredictability, e.g. with regard to measured strength and crack propagation. In this work, a recently published heterogeneous bonded particle model is further developed and used to investigate dynamic rock fracture in a Brazilian disc test. The rock heterogeneities are introduced in two steps—a geometrical heterogeneity due to statistically distributed grain sizes and shapes, and a mechanical heterogeneity by distributing mechanical properties using three Weibull distributions. The first distribution is used for assigning average bond properties of the grains, the second one for the intragranular bond properties and the third one for the bond properties of the intergranular cementing. The model is calibrated for Kuru black diorite using previously published experimental data from high-deformation rate tests of Brazilian discs in a split-Hopkinson pressure bar device, where high-speed imaging was used to detect initiations of cracks and their growth. A parametric study is conducted on the Weibull heterogeneity index of the average bond properties and the grain cement strength and evaluated in terms of crack initiation and propagation, indirect tensile stress, strain and strain rate. The results show that this modelling approach is able to reproduce key phenomena of the dynamic rock fracture, such as stochastic crack initiation and propagation, as well as the magnitude and variations of measured quantities. Furthermore, the cement strength is found to be a key parameter for crack propagation path and time, overloading magnitudes and indirect tensile strain rate.
Quadrature for quadrics
Authors: Gustafsson Björn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe make a systematic investigation of quadrature properties for quadrics, namely integration of holomorphic functions over planar domains bounded by second degree curves. A full understanding requires extending traditional settings by allowing domains which are multi-sheeted, in other words domains which really are branched covering surfaces of the Riemann sphere, and in addition usage of the spherical area measure instead of the Euclidean. The first part of the paper discusses two different points of view of real algebraic curves: traditionally they live in the real projective plane, which is non-orientable, but for their role for quadrature they have to be pushed to the Riemann sphere. The main results include clarifying a previous theorem (joint work with V. Tkachev), which says that a branched covering map produces a domain with the required quadrature properties if and only it extends to be meromorphic on the double of the parametrizing Riemann surface. In the second half of the paper domains bounded by ellipses, hyperbolas, parabolas and their inverses are studied in detail, with emphasis on the hyperbola case, for which some of the results appear to be new.
Developing auto process mapping technique for powder bed fusion using an electron beam
Authors: Aoyagi Kenta , Ono Manabu , Yanagihara Keiji , Wakoh Kimio , Chiba Akihiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPowder bed fusion using an electron beam offers promise for manufacturing intricate metal parts. However, process optimization for defect-free parts proves costly and time-consuming. Many studies have investigated process optimization and defect prediction methods, but automating process optimization remains a significant challenge. This study developed and validated software to automatically determinei + 1-th trial conditions based on the results of thei-th trial experiment. Two algorithms were implemented and evaluated:—a dynamic programming approach and a selecting boundary conditions approach. The latter method considerably reduced the time required to determine the next conditions compared to the former approach. Considering a process mapping experiment requiring real-time trial condition determination during the build, we chose the selecting boundary conditions approach. The selecting boundary conditions approach was used to conduct a process mapping experiment to validate the software for constructing a process map using machine learning. The model and hyperparameters were optimized using sequential model-based global optimization with a tree-structured Parzen estimator. The process map underwent four updates using the developed software to determinei + 1-th trial conditions and construct a process map from the results of thei-th trial experiment.
Cynefin – Being of place. An investigation into the perspectives of first-language Welsh speaking hill farmers into the meaning of the word cynefin and the significance for education in Wales and beyond
Authors: Adams Dylan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe new curriculum for Wales advocates place-based learnings and has a commitment to future human and planetary wellbeing. It aims to give teachers more autonomy to design their own curricula based on localised contexts and concerns. Cynefin is a key word in the new curriculum for Wales, yet it is a word that has no direct English translation. It is translated in dictionaries as habitat but in Welsh means far more than that. It is a word that is tied up with one’s relationship to a place and the land and was used in the past by Welsh hill farmers to describe the way sheep would territorialise their own part of common land to graze. This study investigates the perspectives of Welsh hill farmers about the meaning of the word cynefin. The farmers participated in semi-structured interviews focused on gaining understanding of their use of the word cynefin. Analysis of these interviews generated a number of common themes related to place-based pedagogical theory. These themes reveal how the concept of cynefin has the potential to provide a counter-pedagogy to the traditional mainstream schooling of industrialised societies yet is in keeping with place-based and Indigenous approaches to education. It is suggested these approaches necessitate ethical and epistemological perspectives, and ways of being, that could have significance not only for human and planetary wellbeing but for existential understandings.
Decomposition analysis applied to energy and emissions: A literature review
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Yafei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDecomposition analysis has been widely used to assess the determinants of energy and CO2 emissions in academic research and policy studies. Both the methodology and application of decomposition analysis have been largely improved in the past decades. After more than 50 years’ developments, decomposition studies have become increasingly sophisticated and diversified, and tend to converge internally and integrate with other analytical approaches externally. A good understanding of the literature and state of the art is critical to identify knowledge gaps and formulate future research agenda. To this end, this study presents a literature survey for decomposition analysis applied to energy and emission issues, with a focus on the period of 2016–2021. A review for three individual decomposition techniques is first conducted, followed by a synthesis of emerging trends and features for the decomposition analysis literature as a whole. The findings are expected to direct future research in decomposition analysis.
Landscape values of large-scale civic infrastructure from visitors’ spatial perception: a content analysis
Authors: Zhu Dongwen , Liu Hao , Guo Chen , Ding Yi , Feng JiaJia , Nakai Yu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany studies have investigated the improvement and evaluation of urban landscape development. However, only a few have discussed how to implement and align landscape values embedded in large-scale civic infrastructures, including bridges, railways, and public buildings. Taking the case of four typical large-scale civic structures, including three bridge sites and a dam project, this study explores how the landscape values embedded in these kinds of structures, whether in urban or suburban areas, are perceived by external visitors with different cultural backgrounds. Content analysis combining a quantitative approach with online user-generated reviews of on-site visits is applied and implemented. The interrelated effect of different spatial characteristics on the landscape values in those civic infrastructures is examined. The findings provide insights into efficient strategies to exploit various kinds of civic structures, especially as a promising tourism attraction for domestic and foreign markets, to achieve a more sustainable vision of public spaces in urban or broader contexts.
Undergraduate students’ perceived mobile technology-learning barriers in their academic studies: a study in Greece
Authors: Nikolopoulou Kleopatra , Tsimperidis Ioannis , Tsinakos Avgoustos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMobile technology is used by undergraduate students for educational purposes, it supported students’ learning during the pandemic, while mobile learning may have potential benefits and barriers. This study investigates Greek undergraduate students’ perceptions on mobile technology-learning barriers in their academic studies. This topic is of international interest and still underexplored in Greece. An online questionnaire was completed by 212 students, and this study is descriptive-inferential. Students’ perceptions regarding major barriers, reveal both external (internet connectivity issues, high cost of mobile devices, outdated operating system) and internal (tutors’ negative attitudes and insufficient knowledge for mobile technology-learning integration) barriers. Other obstacles are associated with student concerns about distraction, and inadequate training opportunities to use mobile technology in their studies. Students’ confidence, attitudes and digital skills regarding mobile technology adoption/use are perceived as minor barriers (or no barriers). The findings have implications for students, university tutors and university stakeholders.
Minding the Metropolis: Precarity, Urbanity, and Mental Conditions: A Response to Ankhi Mukherjee’s Unseen City: The Psychic Lives of the Urban Poor
Authors: Parui Avishek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article situates psychoanalysis, urbanity, and precarity apropos of the material, affective, and memory economy of the mutable metropolis marked by visuality, velocity, and violence. Responding to Ankhi Mukherjee’s Unseen City: The Psychic Lives of the Urban Poor, the article examines the interplay of visibility and invisibility in a metropolis and how that is in close and complex correspondence to the politics of precarity and privilege. Drawing on historical as well as recent research in psychology, psychoanalysis, cognitive theory, and cultural studies across various geopolitical settings, this article, through a response to and reading of Mukherjee’s book, aims to articulate and illustrate the unique relevance of literature and aesthetic education in a study of mental health conditions in the (un)seen city. It argues that such psychic and social situations may be uniquely encoded and addressed with ethics and empathy through the cognitive interiority and symbolic instrumentality afforded by the affective and liminal framework of aesthetic activity and fiction.
Anatomical studies and early results on endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold approach to salvage retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Xue Kai , Liu Juan , Liu Qiang , Zhang Huan-Kang , Liu Quan , Li Jing , Jiang Xiao-Wen , Zhao Ke-Qing , Gu Ye , Song Xiao-Le , Sun Xi-Cai , Yu Hong-Meng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveRetropharyngeal lymphadenectomy is challenging. This study investigated a minimally invasive approach to salvage retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsAn anatomical study of four fresh cadaveric heads was conducted to demonstrate the relevant details of retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy using the endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold approach. Six patients with nasopharyngeal cancer with retropharyngeal lymph node recurrence, who underwent retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy with the endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold technique at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University from July to December 2021, were included in this study.ResultsThe anatomical study demonstrated that the endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold approach offers a short path and minimally invasive approach to the retropharyngeal space. The surgical procedure was well tolerated by all patients, with no significant post-operative complications.ConclusionThe endoscopic transoral medial pterygomandibular fold approach is safe and efficient for retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy.
Independent and joint contributions of physical disability and chronic pain to incident opioid use disorder and opioid overdose among Medicaid patients
Authors: Hoffman Katherine L. , Milazzo Floriana , Williams Nicholas T. , Samples Hillary , Olfson Mark , Diaz Ivan , Doan Lisa , Cerda Magdalena , Crystal Stephen , Rudolph Kara E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain has been extensively explored as a risk factor for opioid misuse, resulting in increased focus on opioid prescribing practices for individuals with such conditions. Physical disability sometimes co-occurs with chronic pain but may also represent an independent risk factor for opioid misuse. However, previous research has not disentangled whether disability contributes to risk independent of chronic pain.MethodsHere, we estimate the independent and joint adjusted associations between having a physical disability and co-occurring chronic pain condition at time of Medicaid enrollment on subsequent 18-month risk of incident opioid use disorder (OUD) and non-fatal, unintentional opioid overdose among non-elderly, adult Medicaid beneficiaries (2016–2019).ResultsWe find robust evidence that having a physical disability approximately doubles the risk of incident OUD or opioid overdose, and physical disability co-occurring with chronic pain increases the risks approximately sixfold as compared to having neither chronic pain nor disability. In absolute numbers, those with neither a physical disability nor chronic pain condition have a 1.8% adjusted risk of incident OUD over 18 months of follow-up, those with physical disability alone have an 2.9% incident risk, those with chronic pain alone have a 3.6% incident risk, and those with co-occurring physical disability and chronic pain have a 11.1% incident risk.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that those with a physical disability should receive increased attention from the medical and healthcare communities to reduce their risk of opioid misuse and attendant negative outcomes.
Identifying the Most (Cost‐)Efficient Regions for CO2 Removal With Iron Fertilization in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Bach Lennart T. , Tamsitt Veronica , Baldry Kimberlee , McGee Jeffrey , Laurenceau‐Cornec Emmanuel C. , Strzepek Robert F. , Xie Yinghuan , Boyd Philip W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOcean iron fertilization (OIF) aims to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere by stimulating phytoplankton carbon‐fixation and subsequent deep ocean carbon sequestration in iron‐limited oceanic regions. Transdisciplinary assessments of OIF have revealed overwhelming challenges around the detection and verification of carbon sequestration and wide‐ranging environmental side‐effects, thereby dampening enthusiasm for OIF. Here, we utilize five requirements that strongly influence whether OIF can lead to atmospheric CO2 removal (CDR): The requirement (a) to use preformed nutrients from the lower overturning circulation cell; (b) for prevailing iron‐limitation; (c) for sufficient underwater light for photosynthesis; (d) for efficient carbon sequestration; (e) for sufficient air‐sea CO2 transfer. We systematically evaluate these requirements using observational, experimental, and numerical data in an “informed back‐of‐the‐envelope approach” to generate circumpolar maps of OIF (cost‐)efficiency south of 60°S. Results suggest that (cost‐)efficient CDR is restricted to locations on the Antarctic Shelf. Here, CDR costs can be <100 US$/tonne CO2 while they are mainly >>1,000 US$/tonne CO2 in offshore regions of the Southern Ocean, where mesoscale OIF experiments have previously been conducted. However, sensitivity analyses underscore that (cost‐)efficiency is in all cases associated with large variability and are thus difficult to predict, which reflects our insufficient understanding of the relevant biogeochemical and physical processes. While OIF implementation on Antarctic shelves appears most (cost‐)efficient, it raises legal questions because regions close to Antarctica fall under three overlapping layers of international law. Furthermore, the constraints set by (cost‐)efficiency reduce the area suitable for OIF, thereby likely reducing its maximum CDR potential.
Capturing the Dynamic Processes of Porosity Clogging
Authors: Lönartz Mara I. , Yang Yuankai , Deissmann Guido , Bosbach Dirk , Poonoosamy Jenna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding mineral precipitation induced porosity clogging and being able to quantify its non‐linear feedback on transport properties is fundamental for predicting the long‐term evolution of energy‐related subsurface systems. Commonly applied porosity‐diffusivity relations used in numerical simulations on the continuum‐scale predict the case of clogging as a final state. However, recent experiments and pore‐scale modeling investigations suggest dissolution‐recrystallization processes causing a non‐negligible inherent diffusivity of newly formed precipitates. To verify these processes, we present a novel microfluidic reactor design that combines time‐lapse optical microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy, providing real‐time insights of mineral precipitation induced porosity clogging under purely diffusive transport conditions. Based on 2D optical images, the effective diffusivity was determined as a function of the evolving porous media, using pore‐scale modeling. At the clogged state, Raman isotopic tracer experiments were conducted to visualize the transport of deuterium through the evolving microporosity of the precipitates, demonstrating the non‐final state of clogging. The evolution of the porosity‐diffusivity relationship in response to precipitation reactions shows a behavior deviating from Archie's law. The application of an extended power law improved the description of the evolving porosity‐diffusivity, but still neglected post‐clogging features. Our innovative combination of microfluidic experiments and pore‐scale modeling opens new possibilities to validate and identify relevant pore‐scale processes, providing data for upscaling approaches to derive key relationships for continuum‐scale reactive transport simulations.
Hydrological and Biogeochemical Controls of the Seasonality of Particulate and Dissolved Nitrogen Exports During Rainfall Events From a Forested Watershed in Monsoon Asia, Japan
Authors: Osaka Ken'ichi , Kunimatsu Takao , Hida Yoshifumi , Komai Yukio , Katsuyama Masanori , Ohte Nobuhito 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFew studies have investigated the effects of hydrological conditions such as rainfall magnitude and soil nitrogen dynamics on nitrogen export from forests during rainfall events. In this study, the seasonal export of particulate and dissolved nitrogen during 24 rainfall events (range: 3.0–417 mm) in a temperate monsoon forest watershed in Japan was measured along with the seasonality of the soil nitrate () pool size and the nitrification rate. The increase in nitrogen export with increasing streamflow was larger for particulate nitrogen than for and dissolved organic nitrogen, but was always the most abundant nitrogen component exported, even during extreme rainfall. For all rainfall events in summer, measured exports were higher than the averaged exports, regardless of rainfall magnitude or preceding rainfall. Nitrification activity in the soil was high in summer because of the high temperature and wet conditions of the soil. Nitrification also occurred in the upper slope in summer, whereas during other seasons it is hindered by dry conditions. These results indicate that nitrogen dynamics in the soil also affect export during rainfall. Comparisons with previous studies suggested that the effects of soil nitrogen dynamics on concentrations in stream water may be stronger during rainfall than during base flow conditions. They also showed that regions with wet summers due to rainfall are more sensitive to export, compared with other regions, and that increased summer rainfall can have a particularly large impact on nitrogen export from forest watersheds.