bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
J. M. W. Turner
Authors: Morrill John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Definitive, concise, and very interesting... From William Shakespeare to Winston Churchill, the Very Interesting People series provides authoritative bite-sized biographies of Britain’s most fascinating historical figures - people whose influence and importance have stood the test of time. Each book in the series is based upon the biographical entry from the world-famous Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. The Very Interesting People series includes the following titles: 1.William Shakespeare by Peter Holland 2. George Eliot by Rosemary Ashton 3. Charles Dickens by Michael Slater 4. Charles Darwin by Adrian Desmond, James Moore, and Janet Browne 5. Isaac Newton by Richard S.Westfall 6. Elizabeth I by Patrick Collinson 7. George III by John Cannon 8. Benjamin Disraeli by Jonathan Parry 9. Christopher Wren by Kerry Downes 10. John Ruskin by Robert Hewison 11. James Joyce by Bruce Stewart 12. John Milton by Gordon Campbell 13. Jane Austen by Marilyn Butler 14. Henry VIII by Eric Ives 15. Queen Victoria by K. D. Reynolds and H. C. G. Matthew 16. Winston Churchill by Paul Addison 17. Oliver Cromwell by John Morrill 18. Thomas Paine by Mark Philp 19. J. M. W. Turner by Luke Herrmann 20. William and Mary by Tony Claydon and W. A. Speck
The shoals of diplomacy, 1646–1647
Authors: Morrill John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As this campaign progressed Cromwell’s conviction that he was fighting God’s cause became ever clearer to him. After the taking of Bletchingdon House in Oxford shire in April 1645 he told his colleagues on the committee of both kingdoms that ‘this was the mercy of God ... God brought them to our hands when we looked not for them’ (Letters and Speeches, 1904, letter 25, 9 April 1645). After Langport he was even more emphatic: ‘thus you can see what the Lord hath wrought for us. Can any creature ascribe anything to itself ? Now can we give all the glory to God!’ But he added that when the ‘mercy’ of Langport be added to the ‘mercy’ of Naseby, then, ‘is it not to see the face of God?’ (ibid., 3.246–7, July 1645).
Wolsey as royal minister, 1514–1530
Authors: Ives Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The French war of 1512–14 saw Thomas Wolsey emerge from the pack of royal counsellors as someone who could offer Henry the option of ruling through a principal minister rather than at first hand through a council. It was not only because of his boundless energy and undoubted ability, but because Wolsey saw it as his function (and guarantee of his continued enjoyment of success and power) to give the king what he wanted, or could be persuaded that he did want.
Warfare and Westernization: Narratives of Conflict, Resistance, and Social Change
Authors: Keown Michelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As many Pacific oral histories reveal, warfare—both against other Pacific Islanders and against European colonizing forces—has been a crucial element of Pacific socio-political organization across the centuries. Using war as both a metaphor and point of departure, this chapter investigates various forms of Indigenous Pacific political and discursive resistance that have been explored—and advanced—in the work of contemporary Pacific writers.
Conclusion: Pacific Diasporas
Authors: Keown Michelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter concludes our journey through the literatures of the contemporary Pacific. Resuming the chronological focus followed in Chapters 2, 3, and 4, the chapter outlines some of the most significant developments in Pacific writing since the 1990s and into the new millennium. The first section of the chapter (6.1) investigates the preoccupation with globalization and diaspora culture within contemporary Pacific literature and theory, selecting two major diasporic centres—Aotearoa/New Zealand and the United States—as case studies.
Against Nature? Some Augustan Responses to Man-made Marvels
Authors: Armstrong Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the monstrous and the marvellous are often products of the divine, man can take his cue from his heavenly masters and, in turn, create extraordinary things. Yet to produce a marvellous object—be it an astonishingly lifelike painting, or a massive new harbour—is at once an admirable manifestation of the heights of human achievement and an exhibition of hubris. Poets, as artists and craftsmen themselves, frequently display a fascination with the creation of more tangible objects and are drawn to reflect on the ambiguities inherent in the roles and fates of their creators.
Prodigiosa mendacia uatum: Responses to the Marvellous in Ovid’s Narrative of Perseus (Metamorphoses 4–5)
Authors: Klein Florence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perseus fell in love with Andromeda at first sight, but before saving her from an imminent death, he introduced himself to her parents, oddly enough boasting about three things: he was born from Jupiter turned into showers of gold, he killed the snake-haired monster Medusa, and he can even fly thanks to his wings.
Latrator Anubis: Alien Divinities in Augustan Rome, and how to Tame Monsters through Aetiology
Authors: Rosati Gianpiero 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A well-known fragment of Xenophanes states that all who respect and honour the gods must refrain from ‘narrating the battles of Titans, Giants, and Centaurs, which are fictions of old’ (1.21–2 DK). Besides being invented stories (an accusation in line with his polemics against Homer and Hesiod), they deal with civil strife, and the gods do not like to be reminded of conflicts with rebels who do not accept their power. To recount them is to legitimize them, a sort of collusion with evil, and this is offensive towards the gods as guarantors of the cosmic order.
Ordering Wonderland: Ovid’s Pythagoras and the Augustan Vision
Authors: Beagon Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pythagoras’ speech, which forms the centrepiece of the final book of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, was for long considered a worthy conclusion to a great poem. His disquisition on an ever-changing, animate cosmos formed a fitting climax to the mythical metamorphoses which caused living bodies to be subsumed into a living landscape. Modern reactions have been mixed. For some, it is a philosophical counterpoint to the mythical discourse; for others, a perceived superficiality in its content renders its interpretation more complex.
Delusions of Grandeur: Lucretian ‘Passages’ in Livy
Authors: Feldherr Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Livy begins his narrative of the Second Punic War by preparing his readers for surprises. Though the memorability of the war rivals the subjects of a Herodotus or Thucydides, for Livy it will make up but a part of a much larger whole. And a central reason for the war’s memorability will be the reversals it contains, the places where those who know the whole story Livy has to tell will nevertheless find the Carthaginians so near to victory. The reason for these successes is of course Hannibal; but beyond causing the unexpected, he himself will offer his own interpretative challenges to the reader.
The Strange Art of the Sententious Declaimer
Authors: Connolly Joy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The imperfect is our paradise.Note that, in this bitterness, delight, Since the imperfect is so hot in us, Lies in flawed words and stubborn sounds.1 Wallace Stevens, ‘The poems of our climate’ ‘Over here the blind wander, leaning on sticks; here, others wave stumps of arms; the joints of this one’s feet have been twisted and his ankles wrenched out of kilter; this one’s legs have been crushed; he has smashed this one’s thighs, but left his feet and lower legs un- touched. Savaging one like a bone-breaker, he cuts off his arms; he slices the tendons of another; he racks one, castrates another; he beats the shoulder blades of yet another into a swollen hump, hoping to elicit laughter from this act of cruelty’ (Controv. 10.4.2).
Iron Curtain: From Stage to Cold War
Authors: Wright Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. . .’ With these words Winston Churchill famously warned the world in a now legendary speech given in Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946. Launched as an evocative metaphor, the ‘Iron Curtain’ quickly became a brutal reality in the Cold War between Capitalist West and Communist East. Not surprisingly, for many years, people on both sides of the division have assumed that the story of the Iron Curtain began with Churchill’s 1946 speech. In this pioneering investigation, Patrick Wright shows that this was decidedly not the case. Starting with its original use to describe an anti-fire device fitted into theatres, Iron Curtain tells the story of how the term evolved into such a powerful metaphor and the myriad ways in which it shaped the world for decades before the onset of the Cold War. Along the way, it offers fascinating perspectives on a rich array of historical characters and developments, from the lofty aspirations and disappointed fate of early twentieth century internationalists, through the topsy-turvy experiences of the first travellers to Soviet Russia, to the the atricalization of modern politics and international relations. Ultimately, as Wright reveals, the term captures a particular way of thinking about the world that long pre-dates the Cold War. In reality, the iron curtain was never just a frontier-it was a psychological state, and it did not simply disappear with the Berlin Wall.
Question Booklet
Authors: Wright Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1. Each of the questions is followed by four possible answers, only One of which is correct. Choose the One response that you consider to be correct. On the answer sheet mark the box that corresponds to your selection. Mark your answer clearly with a — mark. The answer sheet has spaces for your answers to all questions. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first mark, then mark your new answer. Mark only one answer for each question. 2. You are reminded that there is no need to read the whole examination paper before beginning to select answers to the questions posed. 3. You must ensure that BEFORE the close of the examination, all of your answers to the questions have been correctly entered on the answer sheet. If you leave a question unanswered for any reason, it will not receive a mark. 4. You may make any notes you wish on the question papers.
Nothing to Do with Demeter? Something to Do with Sicily! Theatre and Society in the Early Fifth-Century West
Authors: Kowalzig Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
June 2006, the end of term. Oliver was off on a weekend jaunt south, this time to Sicily. He returned highly decorated and exceptionally pleased, accompanied by the Eschilo d’Oro –– the annual prize awarded by the Istituto Nazionale del Dramma Antico (INDA) at Syracuse during the institute’s summer festival. A lavish ceremony autothen, Syracuse’s grand theatre, and the likely location where Aiskhylos’ famous Sicilian plays were performed –– no wonder Oliver was impressed! However . . . Eschilo d’Oro? A little research into the matter reveals that the prize of this extraordinary image is given to ‘personalità che si sono distinte, in Italia e negli scenari internazionali, nel campo degli studi e della prassi teatrale e della classicità greca e latina’. A silver medal showing the theatre of Syracuse from the upper left of the terrace above the cavea (Figure 5.1), it is an award that usually goes to Italians, and Oliver was the first xenos – or shall we say proxenos? –– to receive this distinction.
Italy
Authors: Paley Morton D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Coleridge may have sometimes thought of going to Italy, he made no mention of it as part of his plan to go to the Mediterranean for his health. His goal was Malta, which was under British occupation. He arrived at the port of Vallerta on May 18 and, provided with letters of introduction, presented himself to Sir William Ball, the governor. Ball appointed Coleridge his secretary, a more important post than might seem, as it made him the second most important civilian executive on the island. Coleridge proved to be an excellent civil servant, and he and Ball became good friends.
Horace on Teesside
Authors: Almond Maureen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The poems I present here are from my collection, The Works (Almond 2004) which is the story of one community in working-class Teesside set against the backdrop of the end of the Second World War. Of the fifty-two poems in the collection, seventeen are recontextualizations of the Epodes of Horace. I was introduced to the work of Horace in 2003, while reading my Ovidian poems from Oyster Baby (Almond 2002) at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. It was an opportune time because I was looking for a theme for my next collection. Over the years, I had written several poems which were largely autobiographical, but I had resisted pursuing these on the basis that I should perhaps be moving away from the autobiographical and on to poems which I could regard as more creative.
Reconnecting with the Classics
Authors: Crawford Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The winter solstice, Maes Howe, Orkney. The sun is poised low in the sky, between the hills of the neighbouring island of Hoy. Every year on this day that winter solstice sends a beam of light along the low, narrow entrance passage of the great, beehive-shaped neolithic tumulus that is the Howe, so that the light shines through the Howe’s inner darkness against the back wall, lighting up the chamber and its smaller side-chambers, once the repositories of bones. People still treasure this. You can watch it over the internet, or you can go there in person to the heart of neolithic Orkney, now a World Heritage Site.
Catullus in the Playground
Authors: Jackson Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his manifesto Personism, Frank O’Hara celebrated his own work with the announcement: ‘the poem is at last between two persons instead of two pages.’ In fact, he says, he was about to write another poem when he realized he could just pick up the telephone instead. Perhaps it is lucky telephones hadn’t been invented when Catullus was writing his poems, which also seem to belong between two persons instead of two pages.
Michael Longley Appropriates Latin Poetry
Authors: Arkins Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Michael Longley1 is not only one of Ireland’s leading contemporary poets, but, in the words of John Burnside, ‘one of the finest lyric poets of our century’ (the twentieth). A significant part of the achievement of Longley, who studied Classics at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution and at Trinity College, Dublin, is his appropriation of material from the Graeco-Roman world. Eliot said ‘mature poets steal’; Longley concurs in regard to Homer’s image of a poppy: ‘an image Virgil steals … and so do I’ (CP 255). The two Classical areas specially prominent in Longley are Homer and Latin poetry. Crucial here is the fact that poems from an apparently remote past contrive both to register a distancing effect in relation to the present, and simultaneously to offer commentary on that present. Hence Longley’s iconic sonnet ‘Ceasefire’ (CP 225), which was first published in The Irish Times just days after the first IRA ceasefire in 1994, owes its undoubted power to its spectacular use of what linguistic critics call underlexicalization, the refusal to name names: we all know that the poem is about Northern Ireland, but it is nowhere mentioned.
Electra in Sylvia Plath’s Poetry: A Case of Identification
Authors: Bakogianni Anastasia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a volume entitled Living Classics: Greece and Rome in Contemporary Poetry in English, the inclusion of a chapter on Sylvia Plath will appear at first glance anomalous, but Sylvia Plath, poet and twentieth-century icon, ‘haunts our culture’. Her fame as a poet is mainly posthumous. Since her death in 1963 she has become an idol. From a classical perspective, what is particularly distinctive in her use of the figure of Electra in her poetry is that it seems intensely personal. Plath did not adopt any particular ancient tragic version of the story; instead, she responded to Electra as a mythic archetypal figure, and she used elements from the different earlier versions to construct a very personal response to the myth.
‘Purple Shining Lilies’: Imagining the Aeneid in Contemporary Poetry
Authors: Fowler Rowena 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fleur Adcock’s ‘Purple Shining Lilies’ spring from her memory of reading the Aeneid, as she re-encounters both the Latin text itself and the earlier self who read it. Recalling her unappetizing school textbook the poet retraces the process through which her imagination once coloured in the pages: The events of the Aeneid were not enacted on a porridge-coloured plain; although my greyish pencilled-over Oxford text is monochrome, tends to deny the flaming pyre, that fearful tawny light, the daily colour-productions in the sky (dawn variously rosy); Charon’s boat mussel-shell blue on the reedy mud of Styx; the wolf-twins in a green cave; huge Triton rising from the flood to trumpet on his sky-coloured conch; and everywhere the gleam of gold and blood.
‘We’ll all be Penelopes then’: Art and Domesticity in American Women’s Poetry, 1958–1996
Authors: Hurst Isobel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mythical characters or plots offer writers a distinctive perspective on the language and ideas of their own day, enabling them to explore contemporary life with some critical distance. Poets may produce a literal translation of an ancient text, create a poem which refers to a classical text but is also a new and influential work, rework familiar stories (often in a different genre), or challenge the interpretation and value attached to a particular classical text, suggesting questions which have not previously been asked or have been forgotten. These strategies have proved particularly useful to women poets who sought to challenge narrow stereotypes of womanhood by using literary models of strong, active, creative women to prove that women’s inferiority is determined by society, not nature. Sandra M. Gilbert argues that ‘a mythological way of structuring female experience ... has been useful to many women writers since the nineteenth century’ (Gilbert (1979) 248). Victorian women writers explored controversial issues through the women of Greek tragedy, particularly Medea and Antigone; suffering, outspoken, violent, and troubling female characters such as Clytemnestra, Medea, and Electra make Greek tragedy a perennially rich resource for those who undertake ‘the aggressive act of truth-telling from a woman’s experiences’ (Blau DuPlessis (1979) 284).
Theoretical Microfluidics
Authors: Bruus Henrik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Microfluidics is a young and rapidly expanding scientific discipline, which deals with fluids and solutions in miniaturized systems, the so-called lab-on-a-chip systems. It has applications in chemical engineering, pharmaceutics, biotechnology and medicine. As the lab-on-a-chip systems grow in complexity, a proper theoretical understanding becomes increasingly important. The basic idea of the book is to provide a self-contained formulation of the theoretical framework of microfluidics, and at the same time give physical motivation and examples from lab-on-a-chip technology. After three chapters introducing microfluidics, the governing equations for mass, momentum and energy, and some basic flow solutions, the following 14 chapters treat hydraulic resistance/compliance, diffusion/dispersion, time-dependent flow, capillarity, electro- and magneto-hydrodynamics, thermal transport, two-phase flow, complex flow patterns and acousto-fluidics, as well as the new fields of opto- and nano-fluidics. Throughout the book simple models with analytical solutions are presented to provide the student with a thorough physical understanding of order of magnitudes and various selected microfluidic phenomena and devices. The book grew out of a set of well-tested lecture notes. It is with its many pedagogical exercises designed as a textbook for an advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate course. It is also well suited for self-study.
‘Speake, that I may see thee’: The Styles of Sir Thomas Browne
Authors: Seelig Sharon Cadman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Language most shewes a man: speake, that I may see thee’.1 So wrote Ben Jonson, in words that come to mind when we think of Sir Thomas Browne. Yet the picture that emerges from Browne’s writing is not that of a single individual, but a veritable chorus, so diverse are the styles of the early Religio Medici, with its dramatic, often paradoxical boldness; the careful inquiry of Pseudodoxia Epidemica, which examines and refutes popular and scholarly errors; the somber Hydriotaphia, or Urne-Buriall, which ranges from the careful (if misguided) examination of a group of funerary urns found in a field in Norfolk to considerations of the transitory nature of all life; and the Garden of Cyrus, which finds patterns in all of nature.
Religio Medici’s Profession of Faith
Authors: Conti Brooke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This passage is typical of everything we think we know about Browne: his playfulness, his intellectual curiosity, and his delight in paradoxes. Through- out Religio Medici Browne emphasizes how much he loves to ponder the imponderable and how unconcerned he is that the mysteries of Christianity so often appear contrary to reason. He indulges in metaphorical and meta- physical flights of fancy, confesses to past doctrinal errors with seeming ease, and assures his readers that, whatever mistakes he may stumble into, they are redeemed by both his good intentions and his unshakeable devotion to the Church of England.
‘An Incomium of Consumptions’: A Letter to a Friend as Medical Narrative
Authors: Preston Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Robert Love day, of Chediston in Suffolk, died of a phthisis at age 35 in May 1656, he was at the upper end of the disease’s most dangerous age range. Hippocrates and the Galenists agreed that between 17 and 35, when we are most full of ‘hot and bilious blood’,1 we are most susceptible to the phthisical or consumptive fever which slowly burns up or ‘consumes’ the substance of the body.
Thinking with Thomas Browne: Sebald and the Nachleben of the Antiquarian
Authors: Miller Peter N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc liked chameleons. He received a male and female from Tunis on 18 October 1633. His letters of October and November are full of accounts of the chameleons in action. But the really interesting ones come after their deaths (the male on 31 October, the female on 10 November). For in two momentous letters to the great erudites Claude Saumaise in Leiden (14 November) and Gabriel Naude´ in Rome (1 December), he described what the insides of the chameleon looked like after it had been cut open.