bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire, storms, and erosional events in the Idaho batholith
Authors: Meyer G. A. , Pierce J. L. , Wood S. H. , Jull A. J. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn late December 1996, the South Fork Payette River basin in west‐central Idaho experienced a prolonged storm that culminated on January 1, 1997, with intense rain on melting snow that triggered slide failures, producing debris flows and sediment‐charged floods. Failures occurred in saturated, cohesionless, grussy colluvium derived from weathered Idaho batholith granitic rocks. Many failures along the South Fork Payette River originated in ponderosa pine forests burned in the 1989 stand‐replacing Lowman fire. An example is the 0·49 km2 ‘Jughead’ Creek basin, where a single large colluvial failure produced almost 40% of the total volume eroded from the basin and generated a massive and rapid debris flow. Failures also occurred in steep, unburned, and unforested drainages such as Hopkins Creek. In this south‐facing 0·58 km2 basin, 15 colluvial hollows failed, but no single failure produced more than 10% of the total eroded volume. Sediment transport in Hopkins Creek occurred by prolonged sediment‐charged sheetflooding. Despite vegetation differences, sediment yields from the geomorphically similar Hopkins Creek (∼42 000 Mg km−2) and Jughead Creek (∼44 000 Mg km−2) basins were quite similar. These 1997 erosion events are equivalent to several thousand years of sediment yield at low rates (2·7–30 Mg km2 year−1) measured by short‐term sediment trapping and gauging in Idaho batholith watersheds. If similar large events were solely responsible for sediment export, recurrence intervals (RIs) of several hundred years would account for higher sediment yields averaged over ∼104 year from Idaho batholith watersheds. Dating of small fire‐induced sheetflooding events in an early Holocene tributary junction fan of Jughead Creek indicates that frequent small sedimentation events (RI≈33–80 year) occurred between 7400 and 6600 cal year BP, with an average yield not greatly exceeding 16 Mg km−2 year−1. Compared with the Holocene average, erosion rates during that 800 year period were unusually low, suggesting that sediment yields have not been constant over time, and that climatic variations and related fire regime changes may exert a strong influence on the probability of major erosional events. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and mortality from stomach cancer in Japan, Slovenia and the USA
Authors: Lambert René , Guilloux Agathe , Oshima Akira , Pompe‐Kirn Vera , Bray Freddie , Parkin Max , Ajiki Wakiko , Tsukuma Hideaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mortality and incidence from stomach cancer were compared in Japan (a country with a high incidence where there was full application of mass screening during this period) and 2 countries with no screening policy: the USA (with a very low incidence) and Slovenia (with an intermediate rate). The registered cases of stomach cancer were from the Osaka Cancer Registry, the Slovenian National Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries in the USA. In the period 1975–95, the age‐adjusted incidence rate (/100,000) of stomach cancer declined in the 3 countries, as follows: Japan, from 76.0 to 53.0 in men and 38.4 to 21.3 in women; Slovenia, from 40.2 to 24.1 in men and 16.6 to 10.8 in women; and the USA, from 9.5 to 6.9 in men and 4.3 to 2.9 in women. During the same period, the age‐adjusted mortality rate declined, as follows: Japan, from 60.2 to 34.2 in men and 30.5 to 14.1 in women; Slovenia, from 37.7 to 21.2 in men and 13.8 to 9.0 in women; the USA, from 5.6 to 4.7 in men and 2.5 to 2.3 in women. In the period studied, specific trends on incidence and mortality with a cohort effect occurred only in Japan: analysis by the age period‐cohort model confirmed that the decline has occurred since the generations born in 1910. The trend therefore corresponds to unplanned prevention through changes in environmental factors occurring since the early 20th century. The study of stage‐specific incidence rates confirmed the declining trend for regional cancer, whereas there was an increase in the incidence of localized cancer, associated with a period effect in 1975–95. This is attributed to the policy of early detection of stomach cancer, with the inclusion of intramucosal lesions of favorable prognosis and explains why mortality decreased faster than incidence during the period. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of gastric cancer among smokers infected with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Brenner Hermann , Arndt Voler , Bode Günter , Stegmaier Christa , Ziegler Hartwig , Stümer Til 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInfection with the gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori (in particular infection with CagA‐positive strains) and smoking have been identified as risk factors for the development of gastric cancer. Both risk factors are typically acquired early in life and prevail over decades if not for life. We assessed the individual and joint impact of both risk factors on gastric cancer risk in a population‐based case‐control study from Germany including 71 patients with histologically verified gastric cancer and 363 patients with colorectal cancer who served as controls. Information on smoking and potential confounding factors was collected by standardized interviews. H. pylori infection was measured serologically by immunoglobulin G antibody titers against H. pylori. In addition, antibodies against the CagA antigen were determined by Western blot. Twenty‐seven percent of cases compared with 15% of controls were smokers, and 43% of cases compared with 23% of controls were infected with CagA‐positive H. pylori strains. After control for potential confounders, the relative risk of gastric cancer was 2.6 (95% CI 1.2‐5.7) for nonsmoking subjects with CagA‐positive H. pylori infections and 7.2 (95% CI 2.2–23.6) for smoking subjects with CagA‐positive H. pylori infections compared with subjects without these risk factors. The corresponding relative risks for noncardia gastric cancer were 6.1 ( 95% CI 2.3–16.5) and 16.6 (95% CI 4.3–64.2). We conclude that smoking subjects with CagA‐positive H. pylori infections have a strongly increased risk of gastric cancer and may be an important group for targeting efforts of prevention and early detection. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation in lymphocytes of laryngeal cancer patients: Results of a case‐control study
Authors: Rajaee‐Behbahani Nahid , Schmezer Peter , Ramroth Heribert , Bürkle Alexander , Bartsch Helmut , Dietz Andreas , Becher Heiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), a nuclear enzyme that is catalytically activated by DNA strand breaks, plays a complex role in DNA repair. Using NAD+ as a precursor, it catalyzes the formation of ADP‐ribose polymers, which are attached to various proteins. Defects in DNA repair pathways have been associated with increased risks for cancer in humans. We investigated whether differences in the activity of PARP are associated with the risk for laryngeal cancer. In a case‐control study on genetic, lifestyle and occupational risk factors for laryngeal cancer, PARP activity was assessed as DNA damage–induced poly(ADP‐ribose) formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by quantitative immunofluorescence analysis. Polymer formation was determined as the cellular response to bleomycin, a well‐known inducer of DNA strand breaks, in lymphocytes from 69 laryngeal cancer patients and 125 healthy controls. The frequency of bleomycin‐induced polymer formation, measured as mean pixel intensity, was significantly lower in cases (74.6, SE = 3.7) than in controls (94.5, SE = 3.5) and not influenced by smoking, age or sex. There was no significant difference between cases (59.1, SE = 5.2) and controls (50.5, SE = 3.7) in basal polymer formation (in cells not treated with bleomycin). When the highest tertile of polymer formation was used as the reference, the odds ratio for the lowest tertile of bleomycin‐induced polymer formation was 3.79 (95% confidence interval 1.37–10.47, p = 0.01). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from laryngeal cancer patients thus showed significantly less bleomycin‐induced poly(ADP‐ribose) formation. Our results suggest that a reduced capacity of somatic cells to synthesize poly(ADP‐ribose) might be associated with an increased risk for laryngeal cancer. The underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and prevalence of CD8+ T‐cell responses directed against Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded latent membrane protein 1 and latent membrane protein 2
Authors: Meij Pauline , Leen Ann , Rickinson Alan B. , Verkoeijen Saertje , Vervoort Marcel B.H.J. , Bloemena Elisabeth , Middeldorp Jaap M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several human malignancies that each show different viral gene expression profiles. In malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma only Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and varying levels of latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP1 and ‐2) are expressed. Since endogenously expressed EBNA1 is protected from CTL recognition, LMP1 and LMP2 are the most likely target antigens for anti‐tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, we sought to identify in a systematic way CD8+ T‐cell responses directed against eptitopes derived from LMP1 and LMP2. Using IFNγ‐ELISPOT assays of interferon‐γ release, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors were screened with peptide panels (15 mer overlapping by 10) spanning the LMP1 and LMP2 sequences of the prototype EBV strain B95.8. When positive responses were found, CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were depleted from donor PBMC to determine the origin of the responder population. We detected CD8+ T‐cell responses to LMP1 in 9/50(18%) donors and to LMP2 in 15/28 (54%) donors. In addition to the already described epitopes, 3 new LMP1‐ and 5 new LMP2‐derived CD8+ epitopes were identified. In most donors LMP1‐ and LMP2‐specific CD8+ precursor frequencies were low compared with precursors against immunodominant EBV epitopes from latent (EBNA3A, ‐3B and ‐3C) and lytic cycle antigens. These results demonstrate that CD8+ memory T cell responses to LMP1 and especially to LMP2 do exist in Caucasians, albeit at low levels and could potentially be exploited for therapeutic use. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Promiscuous expression of Epstein‐Barr virus genes in Burkitt's lymphoma from the central African country Malawi
Authors: Xue Shao‐an , Labrecque Louise G. , Lu Qi‐Long , Ong S. Kate , Lampert Irvin A. , Kazembe Peter , Molyneux Elizabeth , Broadhead Robin L. , Borgstein Eric , Griffin Beverly E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrimary BL in Malawian children has a very high frequency association, approaching 100%, with the human herpesvirus EBV. A detailed study carried out on viral gene expression in these tumours, using both fresh material and methanol‐fixed FNAs, showed, contrary to prediction, that most belong to a variant “class II” latency category, with lytic cycle–related genes also expressed. That is, in addition to EBNA1 expression, membrane proteins (LMP1/2A), immediate early (BZLF1) and early (IR2 and IR4) genes, a putative viral oncogene (BARF1), CST (BART) antisense transcripts and the viral bcl‐2 homologue are expressed in a high proportion of the BLs. Most, but not all, express the small viral (EBER) RNAs. Two other significant observations were made: (i) in addition to expression of cellular cytokine (IL‐10) transcripts in all tumours investigated, the normally silent viral IL‐10 homologue was expressed in some tumours; (ii) whereas EBNA1 expression from its restricted Qp promoter was generally observed, the nonrestricted Cp/Wp promoter was also active in some tumours. Viral gene expression in the Malawian [endemic (e)] BLs appears to be more promiscuous than predicted from other studies, but expression accords with the cytopathologic picture of eBLs as a rapidly proliferating cell population accompanied by considerable necrosis, and a clinically diverse disease. A small‐scale study of relapse Malawian BLs revealed a different picture of viral association, more akin to systemic BL than eBL, where EBV appears to be absent or present only at very low levels. The significance of these findings is considered. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer modifier alleles inhibiting lung tumorigenesis are common in inbred mouse strains
Authors: Manenti Giacomo , Acevedo Abraham , Galbiati Federica , Giannfi Barrera Roberto , Noci Sara , Salido Eduardo , Dragani Tommaso A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLung tumor susceptibility in inbred mouse strains is caused by the susceptibility allele at the pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 (Pas1s) locus. However, after urethane treatment, most strains carrying the Pas1s allele show an intermediate (1–4 tumors/mouse) instead of a highly susceptible (15–30 tumors/mouse) lung tumor phenotype. To test the hypothesis that strains displaying the intermediate lung tumor phenotype carry dominant or codominant resistance alleles at pulmonary adenoma resistance (Par) loci, we crossed mice of intermediate susceptibility or resistance to lung tumorigenesis with the highly susceptible A/J strain. Eleven F1 hybrids were treated with urethane to induce lung tumorigenesis. The A/J strain developed 35.3 tumors/mouse, while its F1 hybrid with C57BL/6J mice (null allele at Par loci) developed 22.8 tumors/mouse due to the Pas1 allele dosage effect. F1 hybrids of strains 129/SvJ, CBA/J, ST/J and LP/J (Pas1s) and of SPW, DBA/2J and C57L/J (Pas1r) mice showed significant reduction in lung tumor multiplicity (i.e., 0.3–12.8 tumors/mouse) compared to A/J and (A/J × C57BL/6J)F1 mice. These results indicate that resistance alleles at Par loci are common in inbred mouse strains and account for the lung tumorigenesis intermediate phenotype of strains carrying the Pas1s allele. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodistribution of hypericin in orthotopic transitional cell carcinoma bladder tumors: Implication for whole bladder wall photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kamuhabwa Appolinary A.R. , Cosserat‐Gerardin Isabelle , Didelon Jacques , Notter Dominique , Guillemin François , Roskams Tania , D'Hallewin Marie‐Ange , Baert Luc , de Witte Peter A.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a recent clinical study, we reported a selective uptake of hypericin in superficial bladder tumors. The results suggested that hypericin, a potent photosensitizer, could be used not only for diagnosis but also for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial bladder tumors. In the present study, we investigated the biodistribution of hypericin in an orthotopic rat bladder tumor model by assessing the extent of hypericin penetration and the kinetics of accumulation into rat bladder tumors and normal bladder wall. Hypericin (8 or 30 μM) was instilled into the bladder via the catheter for 1, 2 or 4 hr. The fluorescence of hypericin in the bladder tumors and normal bladder was documented using fluorescence microscopy. In situ quantification of hypericin fluorescence in the tumor or normal bladder was performed using the laser‐induced fluorescence technique. There was much more hypericin fluorescence in the tumor than in the normal bladder, with the tumor‐to‐normal‐bladder ratio mounting to 12:1 after 4 hr of hypericin (30 μM) instillation. Moreover, hypericin was retained in the tumor for at least 1 hr before it was gradually lost from the tissue. Microscopically, the fluorescence of hypericin was restricted to the urothelial tumor and normal urothelium without fluorescence in the submucosa and the muscle layers. Subsequently no hypericin was detected in plasma, indicating that under these conditions systemic side effects should not be expected. Because the conditions used in this study were similar to those used in our previous clinical study, it is therefore likely that whole bladder wall PDT in the clinic under these conditions will produce selective urothelial tumor destruction without causing damage to the underlying muscle layers. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P53 overexpression predicts poor chemosensitivity to high‐dose 5‐fluorouracil plus leucovorin chemotherapy for stage IV colorectal cancers after palliative bowel resection
Authors: Liang Jin‐Tung , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Cheng Yung‐Ming , Hsu Hey‐Chi , Cheng Ann‐Lii , Hsu Chih‐Hung , Yeh Kun‐Huei , Wang Shih‐Ming , Chang King‐Jen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur study aims to further clarify the prognostic significance of p53 overexpression in stage IV colorectal cancer. Between January 1994 and June 1997, we recruited 144 patients with stage IV colorectal cancers for our study, based on appropriate eligibility criteria. The patients were nonrandomly allocated to 2 treatment groups of either with or without high‐dose 5‐fluorouracil plus leucovorin chemotherapy (HDFL: 5‐Fu: 2,600 mg/m2 leucovorin 300 mg/m maximum 500 mg). Each treatment group was further divided into 2 subgroups according to the status of p53 overexpression. Therefore, 4 subgroups were allocated in our study and were designated as p53 (overexpression) HDFL (+), n = 65; p53 (normal) HDFL (+), n = 37; p53 (overexpression) HDFL (−), n = 27; and p53 (normal) HDFL (−), n = 15, respectively. All patients were prospectively followed until April 2001. There was no significant difference of the background clinicopathologic data of these 4 allocated subgroups of patients (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis of various clinicopathologic factors of the whole group of patients indicated that age ≥60 years, poor differentiation, mucin production, CEA >100 ng/ml, p53 overexpression and without chemotherapy were the significant independent poor prognostic factors (p < 0.05). Survival analyses indicated that the patients of subgroup p53 (normal) HDFL (+) survived significantly longer than those of subgroup p53 (overexpression) HDFL (+), with mean survival time (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 20.24 (16.24–24.25) and 13.29 (10.98–15.60) months, respectively (p = 0.0043, log‐rank test). In contrast, in patients without chemotherapy, the prognosis was poor regardless of their p53 status, with mean survival time (95% CI) of 6.85 (5.47–8.23) and 5.87 (4.48–7.26) months in p53 (overexpression) HDFL (−) and p53 (normal) HDFL (−) subgroups of patients, respectively (p = 0.2820, log‐rank test). Cancers of normal p53 expression responded significantly better to HDFL (p < 0.05), with mean response rate (95% CI) being 65.57% (52.18–82.96%) in subgroup p53 (normal) HDFL (+) as compared to 35.38% (23.52–47.24%) in subgroup p53 (overexpression) HDFL (+). The toxicity to HDFL was similarly minimal between p53‐normal and p53‐overexpression patients (p > 0.05). We thus concluded that the poorer prognosis of stage IV colorectal cancers with p53 overexpression was associated with their poorer chemosensitivity rather than the more biologic aggressiveness. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A partial theory of world development: the neglected role of the demographic transition in the shaping of modern society
Authors: Dyson Tim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper argues that the demographic transition has been central to the creation of the modern world, and that its role in this respect has generally been underestimated. The paper proposes a partial, causal theory – operating at the ‘super‐macro’ level, and over the very long run – for several major aspects of world ‘development’. Key elements of the argument are that sustained mortality decline causes both urbanisation and fertility decline. In turn, urbanisation leads inevitably to an increased division of labour and the wider distribution of political power in society. Fertility and mortality decline contribute to reduced gender differentiation and women become more like men. Population ageing probably contributes to the rise of modern democracy. Unless development theory puts the demographic transition at its core, it cannot adequately account for key social–structural transformations which are integral to the concept of development. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternities in ‘out‐of‐the‐way’ places: epistemological possibilities for retheorising population geography
Authors: Underhill‐Sem Yvonne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper argues that theories of embodiment have particular epistemological importance in the way population geography analyses fertility. This is because such theories remind us that knowledge is produced by sexually embodied subjects in particular places and times. The paper discusses the epistemological importance of interrogating the unproblematic view of embodiment, and of motherhood as a natural given in population geography. It reviews how the body as a natural given has been interrogated within geography as a discipline, then focuses on the specific contributions of two critical feminist social theorists. This radically expands the otherwise narrow view that fertility patterns in different places and times are currently known. Although in its early stages of articulation, rethinking fertility in this way dovetails with recent work in other subdisciplines in geography such as the debates over the question of nature. In this way population geographers can make critical contributions to wider debates in geography and the social sciences in general. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fathering relationships and their associations with juvenile delinquency
Authors: Shears Jeffrey , Robinson JoAnn , Emde Robert N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study explores the intergenerational transmission of fathering by addressing the associations between men's relationship with their father, their attachment to their children, self‐assessment of themselves as fathers, and antisocial behavior. Subjects for this study were 87 men who were identified as fathers or father figures by women involved in two Early Head Start sites in Denver, Colorado. They were interviewed about their experiences when their child was between 2 and 3 years of age. The study found men who reported high antisocial behavior during their youth reported low assessment of themselves as fathers whereas men who reported a positive relationship with their fathers reported high assessments of themselves as fathers. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Temperamental characteristics as predictors of externalizing and internalizing child behavior problems in the contexts of high and low parental psychopathology
Authors: Young Mun Eun , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Von Eye Alexander , Puttler Leon I. , Zucker Robert A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated whether the relationships between dimensions of early child temperament and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems differ in relation to the degree of parental psychopathology to which children are exposed. In addition, the reciprocal relation between externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, and stability patterns (i.e., autoregression) of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were investigated using a two‐group structural model. A sample of 215 boys (mean age = 4.22) and their parents were assessed when the boys were 3–5 years old and again when they were 6–8 years old. For the children of parents with two or more lifetime psychopathology diagnoses, high activity, short attention span/distractibility, and high reactivity were linked to externalizing behavior problems, whereas withdrawal was linked to internalizing behavior problems. For children from low parental psychopathology families, only reactivity was linked to externalizing behavior problems, whereas withdrawal was linked to internalizing behavior problems. Children from high parental psychopathology families (alcohol use disorder and antisocial personality disorder) showed lower stability (autoregression) estimates of behavior problems. The reciprocal relation between externalizing and internalizing behavior problems was supported when children were 6–8 years old, but not when they were 3–5 years old. © 2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.