bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A light and electron microscopic study correlating the chromaffin reaction and granule ultrastructure in the adrenal medulla of the Syrian hamster
Authors: Yates Robert Doyle 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe medullae from the right adrenal glands of hamsters given one or three injections of reserpine were prepared for electron microscopy by fixation in buffered osmic acid while the contralateral left glands were fixed in formol‐dichromate for light microscopic determinations of the chromaffin reaction. The adreno‐medullary cells of these animals were compared with cells of untreated hamsters in order to determine if catecholamine loss was accompanied by changes in the electron opaque cytoplasmic granules.Ten and 15 hours following one reserpine injection (1 mg/kg) the chromaffin reaction was positive, whereas after 20 hours the reaction was negative, reflecting a catecholamine reduction. The negative chromaffin reaction was accompanied by alterations in granule ultrastructure. The dense central core of the granules was less electron opaque compared with those of control medullary cells. The decreased density likely reflected a catecholamine loss since the opaque appearance of the granules is attributed to the presence of the amines. Following three injections (1 mg/kg daily; three days) the chromaffin reaction was negative and most granules had disappeared from the cytoplasm. The results give evidence that, after limited reserpine injections (1 mg/kg; one injection), catecholamines can be released from the medullary cells without granule disappearance.
The effect of relaxin on parathyroid histology in the mouse
Authors: Chase Elizabeth Brown , Shanmugasundaram D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the normal parathyroid gland of the mouse there is only one type of cell which is small with a large nucleus and small amount of cytoplasm. In order to investigate the effect of relaxin on parathyroid histology, mice were injected with relaxin, the degree of pubic separation was measured by the x‐ray technique, and the parathyroid glands were studied histologically. After one day of relaxin injection, the pubic symphysis showed a distinct separation and in part of the parathyroid gland the cells were larger and stained lighter and pinker than the normal cells with hematoxylin, eosin, and azur II. After four days of relaxin treatment, the whole gland had changed so that all the cells were of the second type. Glands of pregnant mice near term also were composed of cells of this type. These results indicate a relationship between relaxin and the parathyroid gland.
The microscopic anatomy of the hymen
Authors: Mahran Maher , Saleh A. M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe hymen at different stages of life from birth to menopause was examined under the microscope. Each section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, Best's carmine, Orcein, PAS, Mallory's and modified Wilder technique. The modified Bodian's technique was used to stain the nerve fibers and the nerve cells.The main bulk of the hymen is formed of fibrous connective tissue, partly elastic and partly collagenous fibers. Both surfaces are covered by stratified squamous epithelium which lacks any evidence of cornification. The epithelium is thicker at the attached edge. Glycogen granules are equally present on the vaginal and on the vulvar surface.The connective tissue papillae are more numerous and more branching at the free edge and on the vaginal surface. There is no trace of glandular or muscle element.The hymen is not richly supplied with nerve fibers. No nerve cells and fibers are present at the free edge of the hymen. Nerve cells are bipolar, small in size, oval, spindle or kidney shaped. The terminal nerve fibers penetrate the epithelium in between the connective tissue papillae.In the newborn the hymen is vascular and the epithelium is thick. During pregnancy the epithelium is very thick and very rich in glycogen. At menopause the epithelium is thin and certain areas are cornified.
The growth promoting effects of damage in the damaged and contralateral kidneys of the mouse
Authors: Argyris Thomas S. , Trimble Mary Ellen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDamage produced by the multiple insertion of a needle into a mouse kidney results, in two days, in the stimulation of mitotic activity around the damaged areas, and in the cortex of the contralateral kidney. The mitotic activity in the contralateral kidney cortex approximates that seen after unilateral nephrectomy.Evidence is presented which suggests that the loss of kidney mass associated with the damage is not the cause of the increased mitotic activity in the damaged or contralateral kidneys. The release of stimulatingsubstances from the wound is probably required. This is in contrast to growth produced by unilateral nephrectomy where the loss of kidney mass is the initiating factor.
A study of the uterine cervix of the mouse
Authors: Leppi T. John 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe two uterine horns in the adult are joined caudally to form an externally undivided segment consisting of a cranial and a caudal part. The cranial part becomes wide and swollen at its junction with the horns. It contains two lumina separated by a midline septum and is designated as the uterine body or corpus. The narrow and slightly tapered caudal part projects into the cranial portion of the vagina. It contains a single lumen or canal and is designated as the uterine neck or cervix. The wall of the cranial two‐thirds of the adult cervix contains a relatively large amount of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers. In contrast, its caudal one‐third consists chiefly of a network of collagen fibers. During cervical development argyrophilic fibers first appear in sections of cervical wall from mice sacrificed at birth. Collagen and smooth muscle fibers are first stainable with the Mallory method in cervical wall sections from mice one week old. During pregnancy and after combined treatment with estradiol, progesterone and relaxin the collagenous fiber bundles of the cervix become looser and more widely separated. This is associated with an increased dilatability of the cervical canal and increased stainability of the ground substance. The muccopolysaccharide(s) demonstrable histochemically in the cervix of the mouse was digestible with testicular hyaluronidase.
A simple, infrahyoid, parapharyngeal method of hypophysectomy in the rabbit
Authors: Rennie P. , Davies J. , Friedrich E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn infrahyoid, parapharyngeal method of hypophysectomy in the rabbit has been developed. This method is easily learned and the operation can be performed in less than an hour. Complete removal is verified by examination of the sellar contents either with a dissecting microscope or histologically by fixation, embedding and serial sectioning. The operative mortality is about 10%. No hormonal supplements are required postoperatively.
Studies on the fate of lymphocytes III. The migration and metamorphosis of in situ labeled thymic lymphocytes
Authors: Murray Raymond G. , Woods Phyllis A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe in situ thymus of the guinea pig was labeled locally with H3‐thymidine and sections of various tissues analyzed by radioautography for the location of labeled cells which might have left the thymus from 30 minutes to three days after labeling. Labeled lymphocytes were located especially in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, giving direct evidence for the migration of thymocytes under near‐physiological conditions. Only a few cells were found in the bone marrow, and none in the liver. The identified cells were not seen to be undergoing subsequent proliferation, but about one‐fourth of them were transforming to other cell types ‐ plasma cells, heterophil granulocytes, reticular cells, and macrophages. The fate of another portion of the cells seemed to be loss to the gut lumen through the mucosa. These data suggest that a normal function of the thymus of the adult guinea pig is the proliferation of a population of pluripotential stem cells which, after migration to other tissues, may further differentiate under appropriate stimulus. Possible applications of the local labeling technique are indicated.
A reliable and easily sectioned epoxy embedding medium
Authors: Lockwood W. R. , Langston L. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSections for electron and light microscopy were easily prepared from mixtures of Dow Epoxy Resins 332 and 732 (D.E.R. 332 and D.E.R. 732) cured with dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) and DMP‐30. The most useful formula contained 46.7% D.E.R. 332, 20% D.E.R. 732, and 33.3% DDSA, plus 2% DMP‐30. Stronger sections were derived from a preparation containing 31.6% D.E.R. 332, 15.8% D.E.R. 732, and 52.6% DDSA, plus 2% DMP‐30. Harder resins were made by reducing the amount of D.E.R. 732 incorporated in the mixtures. When prolonged infiltration was required polymerization was slowed by substituting DMP‐10 in place of the more reactive DMP‐30. Compressed sections were easily restored to their proper size by the vapors of chloroform, dichloroethylene or xylene. The sections were strong enough to withstand intense electron beams on bare 150 mesh copper grids. The inherent contrast was good without staining, but additional contrast was obtained by brief treatment with aqueous solutions of lead or uranyl salts. Sections for light microscopy could be stained by water soluble basic dyes.
Histochemical studies on phosphorylase and uridinediphosphoglucose‐glycogen transferase in decidual cells of the rat
Authors: Bo Walter J. , Smith Mavis S. , Colborn Gene 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAdult virgin females were made pseudopregnant by cervical stimulation and four days after stimulation the uteri were traumatized with a thread. The animals were autopsied 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after trauma. Frozen sections of the deciduomata were sectioned on the cryostat. For the identification of phosphorylase the sections were placed in the substrate containing 50 mg glucose‐1‐phosphate (G‐1‐P), 10 mg muscle adenylic acid, 15 ml distilled water, 10 ml 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5.8), 25 units of insulin and 5 mg of glycogen. To demonstrate uridinediphosphoglucose (UDPG)‐glycogen transferase sections were placed in the substrate containing 50 mg UDPG, 10 mg glycogen, 20 mg Versene, 10 mg G‐6‐P, 14 ml distilled water, 10 ml 0.2 M tris buffer (pH 7.4) and 1 ml absolute alcohol. Following incubation for one hour at 37° the sections were treated with either Lugol's or Gram's solution until the color developed. A positive response for phosphorylase was a blue‐black color while a red‐purple color indicated UDPG‐glycogen transferase. The periodic‐leucofuchsin technique was used to identify glycogen and hemotoxylin and eosin sections were studied for general morphology.Glycogen and phosphorylase were observed in the decidual cells. However, the enzymatic activity was not as intense or as extensive as the polysaccharide. UDPG‐glycogen transferase activity was observed in only two of the 50 deciduomata studied. On the basis of the present observations it may be suggested that the important pathway for glycogen synthesis in the decidual cells is from G‐1‐P by the action of phosphorylase and not from UDPG by the action of UDPG‐glycogen transferase.
Regeneration and growth of quantitatively transplanted mammary glands of normal female mice
Authors: Hoshino Kazumasa 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOne hundred twenty‐two of 225 accurately located and measured mammary segments were transplanted successfully into the isologous female mice, and intact or castrated male host mice treated with estrogen and progesterone pellets. Five of 42 segments that had ligatures placed to determine the orientation of the segment were also recovered. Fewer grafts were recovered from intact male hosts than from castrated male or intact female hosts. The lengths of transplants ranged from less than 0.2 mm to 3.0 mm. Transplants that were 0.6 mm long grew most frequently. Transplants obtained from different portions of any one mammary gland or from any mammary glands were recovered at comparable rates. The fourth mammary gland‐free fat pads, the pararenal fat pads, the mesometrial fat layers and subcutaneous areas were used as transplantation sites. The ultimate size of the regenerated transplants was determined by the amount of adipose tissue in the transplantation site and the hormonal environment, but not by the original size of the transplant. Mammary transplants obtained from all portions of ducts, even from quiescent glands of a 734‐day‐old mouse, or grafts which had been ligated with silk or hair, showed equal capability of regeneration. All successful transplants responded to either endogenous or exogenous hormones in a manner comparable to the hosts' own mammary glands, and lactated at parturition.
Transmission of pressures across the elbow joint
Authors: Halls Albert A. , Travill Anthony 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo ascertain the pathway (s) along which forces are conducted from the hand to the humerus in the human cadaver specially designed pressure sensitive transducers were introduced into the radio‐capitular and ulnar‐trochlear components of the elbow joint. A constant force was applied to the hand, and changes in electrical resistance and hence pressure across the elbow joint where recorded. It was observed that 57% of the force applied crossed the radio‐capitular joint while 43% crossed the ulnar‐trochlear joint. The pathway of this force transmission is discussed with particular reference to the involvement of the interosseous membrane.
Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongues of pigmy and common marmosets
Authors: Kubota Kinziro , Hayama Sugio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMacroscopic and neurohistological observations of the tongues of the pigmy and common marmosets are described. On the dorsum, there are three circumvallate papillae arranged in an inverted V‐shape. Through the magnifying glass the foliate papillae with a few clefts are found anterior to the attachment of the glossopalatine fold. The fungiform papillae can be seen with a lens. The vallate papillae are supplied with abundant nerves. The taste buds are located only in the lateral non‐cornified wall of the papilla, closely associated with the subgemmal nerve plexus. The lingual glands of the serous type are present deep in the muscle of this region. The ganglion cells composing the ganglion are located inside and below the papilla. The foliate papillae consist of a few furrows with many taste buds and are supplied with abundant nerves and a few ganglion cells. The serous glands are not plentiful. Infiltration of the lymphoid cells in the foliate papilla region should be regarded as the lingual follicle of the primitive type. The fungiform papillae are supplied with abundant nerve fibers which terminate free and are furnished with many taste buds having an embryonic appearance. The papillae are comparable to those of the human fetal or newborn tongue. The “sublingua” is a rudimentary structure having neither sensory nerves nor taste buds. The ganglion cells lying on the nerve fiber bundles in the apical region probably are cells migrating from the submandibular ganglion. No apical glands of Nuhn are present.
Early effects of somatotrophin on the fine structure of articular cartilage
Authors: Silberberg Martin , Silberberg Ruth , Hasler Mary 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe early effects of somatotrophin on the fine structure of the cartilage of the hip joint were studied in growing mice given a single injection of STH, and examined one‐half, one, two, four, eight or 24 hours after injection. The first changes, observed as early as one hour after treatment with the hormone, consisted of swelling of the ground plasma and of the pericellular matrix. With increasing interval from the time of injection, acceleration and intensification of organellar development associated with hypertrophy of the cytoplasm were noted: There was increase in the number of RNA granules, of ER lamellae, of multivesicular bodies and of mitochondria as well as hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus. The mitochondria were swollen, vacuolated or distorted. The appearance of glycogen was hastened. The changes were most marked in superficial and upper midzonal cells, and were still conspicuous 24 hours after the injection. The response of the Golgi apparatus was retarded as compared to that of other organelles. The significance of the findings in relation to cell function is discussed.
A rapid method of dissecting the middle ear
Authors: Laurenson R. D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBy means of two sawcuts the middle ear can be exposed quickly. The first cut in a coronal plane through the suprameatal triangle usually bissects the tympanic antrum. After removal of the tegmen tympani and the incus, the second sawcut is made in an antero posterior direction; the blade of the saw descends into the gap left by the removal of the incus. Thus the middle ear is split with the tympanic membrane on one fragment and the medial wall of the middle ear on the other. This method has proved to be rapid and effective and superior to the traditional method of nibbling bone to expose the antrum and middle ear.
An electron microscope study of developing bile canaliculi in the rat,
Authors: Wood Richard L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe development of bile canaliculi and the sequence of appearacne of iculi appear on about the thirteenth embryonic day in close association with linear attachment zones between adjacent hepatic cells. These canaliculi are formed by only two apposed cell surfaces and the configuration of a central biliary lumen bounded by 4– contiguous cells described classically as typical for developing mammalian liver is not apparent until day 16 or 17. The enlarged biliary spaces apparently arise as separate vesicles or saccules which subsequently elongate into tubules and interconnect. Evidence obtained in this study supports the concept that terminal bile ductules develop by direct transformation of tubular channels lined by hepatic cells under the influence of periportal connective tissue. Pericanalicular bodies develop in association with an hypertrophied Golgi zone. The sequence of appearance is: multivesicular bodies, microbodies, typical lysosomes. There is no evidence from this study that microbodies are related to differentiating mitochondria but the chronology of appearance suggests a close relationship to lysosomes.
Microradiography of pulmonary arterioles, capillaries, and venules of the rabbit
Authors: Reeves John T. , Leathers James E. , Quigley Mervyn B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPulmonary vessels of excised rabbit lungs were injected with a suspension of barium sulfate in gelatin. Slices 50 μ thick were radiographed at 5 kv and 2 ma using high resolution spectroscopic plates. When these plates were viewed through a microscope, pulmonary arterioles, venules and capillaries were identified. Arterioles show relatively regular branching at right angles. The capillary bed fills from short (10–20 μ long), thin (10–15 μ diameter) precapillaries arising at right angles from arterioles. The alveolar capillary network freely communicates with networks of adjacent alveoli. Several capillaries draining alveolar nets usually join forming a vessel which is broader at its origin than its insertion into a venule. These vessels, designated collecting venules join the venule at acute angler Clear differentiation of small venous vessels from adjacent small arterial vessels is possible. The capillary network between an arteriole and venule appears to span at least two alveoli.
A study of anterior femoral curvature in man
Authors: Walensky Norman Aaron 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA study of anterior femoral curvature was carried out on a total of 874 White, Negro, Eskimo, and American Indian femora. Variations in race, sex, and side, as well as ontogenetic changes, have been investigated. The results indicate that distinct differences in the amount and location of femoral curvature exist. Sex and side differences were generally found to be small, race differences however, in both sexes, are striking. When used with other established criteria, these data on femora will be of value in identifying skeletons of certain racial groups.It seems likely that inherent racial differences provide the substrate, as well as set the developmental limitations, for any modifications which may be imposed by function. The basic curvature may be modified or maintained by variations in the inherited physical properties of the femur. The response of these physical properties to the demands of differing extrinsic influences must also be of importance in determining the amount and location of femoral curvature.
Electron microscopy of the stratified epithelium lining the excretory canal of the dogfish rectal gland
Authors: Bulger Ruth E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn spite of a renewed interest in the rectal (salt‐secreting) gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, the morphology of the stratified epithelium lining the central lumen and large ducts of this gland has been mentioned only briefly. The fluid removed from the duct of the rectal gland has been shown by Burger and Hess ('60a, b) and Burger ('62) to be a concentrated sodium chloride solution. The function of the stratified epithelium in the elaboration of this fluid is unknown. It is of interest to know if the stratified epithelium has morphological specializations which might suggest its function.The stratified epithelium of the central canal consists of surface cells, intermediate cells, and basal cells. Four types of surface cells can be distinguished: granular cells, mucous cells, flask‐shaped cells, and cells with large mitochondria. The intermediate cells form a loose network. In the large extracellular spaces between the intermediate cells, free cells presumably of blood origin, can be seen. The basal cells lie on a basement membrane. There is a structural resemblance of the epithelium to that of the toad bladder.
Caudal myeloschisis (lumbo‐sacral spina bifida cystica) in a five millimeter (Horizon XIV) human embryo
Authors: Lemire Ronald J. , Shepard Thomas H. , Alvord Ellsworth C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA descriptive study of a 5.5 mm, Horizon XIV human embryo with myeloschisis was made. It is the smallest specimen ever recorded with this anomaly which is considered the embryonic forerunner of the common lumbo‐sacral meningomyelocele. The lesion extended from the twenty‐fifth existing somite caudally for 1 mm and was characterized by an everted neural plate, a loss of cellular polarity, asymmetry with a spread of neural tissue to the left and possibly a defective external limiting membrane of the neural tube. These findings indicate the lesion occurred before closure of the neural tube and are consistent with the observations of Patten ('53). They definitely do not support Gardner's ('60) hypothesis that rupture of a closed neural tube causes these lesions.