bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unwinding NFTs in the shadow of IP law
Authors: Wang Runhua , Lee Jyh‐An , Liu Jingwen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmid the surge of intellectual property (IP) disputes surrounding non‐fungible tokens (NFTs), some scholars have advocated for the application of personal property or sales law to regulate NFT minting and transactions, contending that IP laws unduly hinder the development of the NFT market. This Article counters these proposals and argues that the existing IP system stands as the most suitable regulatory framework for governing the evolving NFT market. Compared to personal property or sales law, IP laws can more effectively address challenges such as tragedies of the commons and anticommons in the NFT market. NFT communities have also developed their own norms and licensing agreements upon existing IP laws to regulate shared resources. Moreover, the IP regimes, with both static and dynamic institutional designs, can effectively balance various policy concerns, such as innovation, fair competition, and consumer protection, which alternative proposals struggle to provide.
Epidermal barrier impairment predisposes for excessive growth of the allergy‐associated yeast Malassezia on murine skin
Authors: Ruchti Fiorella , Zwicky Pascale , Becher Burkhard , Dubrac Sandrine , LeibundGut‐Landmann Salomé 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe skin barrier is vital for protection against environmental threats including insults caused by skin‐resident microbes. Dysregulation of this barrier is a hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD) and ichthyosis, with variable consequences for host immune control of colonizing commensals and opportunistic pathogens. While Malassezia is the most abundant commensal fungus of the skin, little is known about the host control of this fungus in inflammatory skin diseases.MethodsIn this experimental study, MC903‐treated mice were colonized with Malassezia spp. to assess the host–fungal interactions in atopic dermatitis. Additional murine models of AD and ichthyosis, including tape stripping, K5‐Nrf2 overexpression and flaky tail mice, were employed to confirm and expand the findings. Skin fungal counts were enumerated. High parameter flow cytometry was used to characterize the antifungal response in the AD‐like skin. Structural and functional alterations in the skin barrier were determined by histology and transcriptomics of bulk skin. Finally, differential expression of metabolic genes in Malassezia in atopic and control skin was quantified.ResultsMalassezia grows excessively in AD‐like skin. Fungal overgrowth could, however, not be explained by the altered immune status of the atopic skin. Instead, we found that by upregulating key metabolic genes in the altered cutaneous niche, Malassezia acquired enhanced fitness to efficiently colonise the impaired skin barrier.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that structural and metabolic changes in the dysfunctional epidermal barrier environment provide increased accessibility and an altered lipid profile, to which the lipid‐dependent yeast adapts for enhanced nutrient assimilation. Our findings reveal fundamental insights into the implication of the mycobiota in the pathogenesis of common skin barrier disorders.
Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia long‐term follow up and prognostic factors: An analysis of a large historical cohort
Authors: Gallio Niccolò , Preti Mario , Jones Ronald W. , Borella Fulvio , Woelber Linn , Bertero Luca , Urru Sara , Micheletti Leonardo , Zamagni Federica , Bevilacqua Federica , Tondo Pierluigi , Pollano Benedetta , Cassoni Paola , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionDifferentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a high‐risk preinvasive vulvar lesion and precursor of human papillomavirus‐independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Due to its rarity, literature data on its malignant potential are scant. The aim of the study is to assess the risk of developing VSCC in patients surgically treated for dVIN not associated with VSCC (solitary dVIN) and the risk of VSCC recurrence in patients treated for dVIN associated with VSCC (dVIN‐VSCC) at first diagnosis.Material and methodsA historical cohort study was performed in a northern Italy referral center for vulvar neoplasms. All consecutive women surgically treated for histologically confirmed dVIN from 1994 to 2021 were collected. Primary outcome was cancer risk or recurrent cancer risk, secondary outcomes were risk factors associated with VSCC development or recurrence. Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test were used to estimate cancer risk or recurrent cancer risk differences and uni‐ and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify risk factors associated with VSCC development in solitary dVIN and recurrence of dVIN‐VSCC.ResultsSeventy‐six patients with dVIN at preoperative biopsy were included: at excisional specimens 44 were solitary dVIN and 32 were dVIN‐VSCC. The absolute risk of VSCC development after solitary dVIN treatment was 43.2% with median time to to VSCC diagnosis of 25.4 months (range 3.5–128.0 months). VSCC recurrence absolute risk in treated dVIN‐VSCC patients was 31.3% with median time to VSCC recurrence of 52.9 months (range 6.5–94.8 months). At uni‐ and multivariate regression analyses, only compliant topical ultrapotent corticosteroid treatment after solitary dVIN excision showed an ability to prevent VSCC development. No protective effect by corticosteroid treatment was shown for VSCC recurrence in dVIN‐VSCC patients. Smoking was associated with higher cancer recurrence risk in dVIN‐VSCC patients on both uni‐ and multivariate regression analyses.ConclusionsPatients with dVIN have a high risk of developing both primary and recurring VSCC. Early recognition, long‐term follow up, and compliant ultrapotent topical corticosteroid treatment are recommended.
A critical take on procreative justice
Authors: Räsänen Joona , Bengtson Andreas , Cossette‐Lefebvre Hugo , Lippert‐Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerjeet Kaur Marway recently proposed the Principle of Procreative Justice, which says that reproducers have a strong moral obligation to avoid completing race and colour injustices through their selection choices. In this article, we analyze this principle and argue, appealing to a series of counterexamples, that some of the implications of Marway's Principle of Procreative Justice are difficult to accept. This casts doubt on whether the principle should be adopted. Also, we show that there are some more principled worries regarding Marway's idea of a strong pro tanto duty not to complete injustices through one's procreative choices. Nonetheless, we believe Marway's arguments point in the right general direction regarding duties and structural injustice. Thus, in the final part, we suggest a positive proposal on how it would be possible to respond to the cases we raise. More specifically, we explore the suggestion that agents have a pro tanto duty to participate in eliminating structural injustice. Importantly, this duty can be satisfied, not only in procreation choices but in multiple ways.
Design, recruitment and baseline characteristics of the LENS trial
Authors:   The LENS Collaborative Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFindings from cardiovascular outcome trials suggest that treatment with fenofibrate may reduce the progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, no dedicated large‐scale randomised trials have yet investigated this hypothesis.MethodsLENS is a streamlined randomised double‐masked placebo‐controlled trial, based in Scotland, assessing whether treatment with fenofibrate (145 mg tablet daily or, in the context of impaired renal function, on alternate days) in people with early retinopathy reduces progression to referable diabetic retinopathy (defined in NHS Scotland's Diabetic Eye Screening grading scheme as referable background or proliferative retinopathy, or referable maculopathy in either eye) or treatment with retinal laser, intravitreal injections or vitrectomy. Adults with diabetes mellitus and non‐referable retinopathy (mild background retinopathy in both eyes or observable background retinopathy in one/both eyes at the most recent NHS retinal screening assessment; or observable maculopathy in one/both eyes in the previous 3 years) were eligible. Potential participants were identified from routinely collected healthcare data and followed up using regular contact from the research team and linkage to national electronic morbidity, mortality, biochemistry and retinal screening records. Study treatment was mailed to participants.ResultsBetween 18 September 2018 and 27 July 2021, 1151 participants were randomised. Their mean age was 61 (SD 12) years, 312 (27%) were female and 305 (26%) had type 1 diabetes. 96% had bilateral mild background retinopathy and 10% had observable maculopathy.ConclusionsLENS will provide a robust evaluation of the efficacy of treating people at risk of progression of diabetic retinopathy with fenofibrate. Results are anticipated in mid‐2024.Trial RegistrationsNCT03439345; ISRCTN15073006; EuDRACT 2016–002656‐24.
TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 are novel functional genes associated with glucose metabolism in BXD recombinant inbred population
Authors: Wu Yingying , Zhang Chao , Duan Shaofei , Li Yushan , Lu Lu , Bajpai Akhilesh , Yang Chunhua , Mi Jia , Tian Geng , Xu Fuyi , Qi Donglai , Xu Zhaowei , Chi Xiao Dong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe liver is an important metabolic organ that governs glucolipid metabolism, and its dysfunction may cause non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, etc. We aimed to systematic investigate the key factors related to hepatic glucose metabolism, which may be beneficial for understanding the underlying pathogenic mechanisms for obesity and diabetes mellitus.Materials and methodsOral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) phenotypes and liver transcriptomes of BXD mice under chow and high‐fat diet conditions were collected from GeneNetwork. QTL mapping was conducted to pinpoint genomic regions associated with glucose homeostasis. Candidate genes were further nominated using a multi‐criteria approach and validated to confirm their functional relevance in vitro.ResultsOur results demonstrated that plasma glucose levels in OGTT were significantly affected by both diet and genetic background, with six genetic regulating loci were mapped on chromosomes 1, 4, and 7. Moreover, TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 were identified as the candidate genes. Functionally, siRNA‐mediated TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 knockdown significantly decreased the glucose uptake and inhibited the transcription of genes related to insulin and glucose metabolism pathways.ConclusionsOur study contributes novel insights to the understanding of hepatic glucose metabolism, demonstrating the impact of TEAD1, MYO7A and NDUFC2 on mitochondrial function in the liver and their regulatory role in maintaining in glucose homeostasis.
Adapting the early recognition inventory ERIraos to Estonian: A validation study
Authors: Sirts Kairit , Anni Kätlin , Balõtšev Roman , Jakobsoo Siim , Jaanson Kirti‐Ly , Haring Liina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimValidated assessment tools are needed to identify clinically high risk for psychosis. This study aimed to validate the early recognition inventory ERIraos, which consists of the ERIraos Checklist for risk screening and the ERIraos Symptom List for a more thorough risk assessment in the Estonian language to detect psychotic prodromal symptoms.MethodsA prospective cohort study provided an opportunity to evaluate the characteristics of the ERIraos instrument in predicting the increased risk of a psychotic disorder in the future. The 177 study participants, aged 13–42 years old, were divided into groups without an increased risk and three risk groups with different risk severity levels based on the ERIraos Symptom List assessment.ResultsThe results indicated excellent inter‐rater reliability for the ERIraos Symptom List total score. The ability of the ERIraos checklist to screen persons with an elevated psychosis risk was very good (ROC‐AUC = 0.86). The capability of the ERIraos Symptom List scores to predict the probability of transitioning to psychosis within 2 years was very good (ROC‐AUC = 0.83). Brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms and observable behavioural and affective symptoms were statistically significant predictors of transition to psychosis. There were strong and statistically significant correlations between the ERIraos Symptom List scores and other clinical measures assessing functioning and psychopathology.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Estonian version of the ERIraos instrument and support the usability of ERIraos as a two‐step tool for the early recognition of psychosis risk.
Microglia cells treated with synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide or transduced with LentiVIP protect neuronal cells against degeneration
Authors: Goksu Azize Yasemin , Kocanci Fatma Gonca , Akinci Ersin , Demir‐Dora Devrim , Erendor Fulya , Sanlioglu Salih , Uysal Hilmi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is neuronal cell death, accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a pleiotropic peptide that combines neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions. The gene therapy field shows long‐term promise for treating a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). In this study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of transduction of microglia using lentiviral gene therapy vectors encoding VIP (LentiVIP). Additionally, we tested the protective effects of the secretome derived from LentiVIP‐infected “immortalized human” microglia HMC3 cells, and cells treated with Synthetic VIP (SynVIP), against toxin‐induced neurodegeneration. First, LentiVIP, which stably expresses VIP, was generated and purified. VIP secretion in microglial conditioned media (MG CM) for LentiVIP‐infected HMC3 microglia cells was confirmed. Microglia cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide, and groups were formed as follows: 1) Control, 2) SynVIP‐treated, or 3) LentiVIP‐transduced. These MG CM were applied on an in vitro neurodegenerative model formed by differentiated (d)‐SH‐SY5Y cells. Then, cell survival analysis and apoptotic nuclear staining, besides measurement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters in CM of cells were performed. Activated MG CM reduced survival rates of both control and toxin‐applied (d)‐SH‐SY5Y cells, whereas LentiVIP‐infected MG CM and SynVIP‐treated ones exhibited better survival rates. These findings were supported by apoptotic nuclear evaluations of (d)‐SH‐SY5Y cells, alongside oxidative/inflammatory parameters in their CM. LentiVIP seems worthy of further studies for the treatment of ND because of the potential of gene therapy to treat diseases effectively with a single injection.
The role of the genetic influence of DRD4 in Chinese adults in the context of the choice of tourist attractions
Authors: Chen Ze Geng , Fu Shi Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyse the effect of tandem repetitions in exon III of the DRD4 gene on the features of human decision‐making in a model of choosing tourist attractions by adult residents of China. The study included 380 subjects: 162 (42.6%) men and 218 (57.4%) women. The mean age of the subjects was 31.7 ± 3.32 years. As a result of the survey of subjects, 5 groups of motivations for choosing tourist attractions were identified, and the frequency of their use, including the identified combinations, was determined. Using the genotyping method, the frequency of DRD4 subtypes among the subjects was determined, and their relationship with the indicated attraction selection groups was studied. It has been established that there is a significant dependence of the frequency of choosing the attractors ‘relaxation’, ‘desire for novelty’ and ‘self‐realization’ and their combinations on the frequency of occurrence of the DRD4 2R, 4R and 5R+ subtypes in the study groups. A conclusion was made about the possible mechanism of the influence of manifestations of DRD4 subtypes on the choice of tourist attractors by implementing the neurophysiological influence of the genome on reducing the sensitivity of brain receptors to dopamine, which stimulates behaviours that compensate for the need for additional emotional influences. This work complements the existing knowledge about the impact of human innate properties on the characteristics of his behaviour and possible patterns of influence of human genotype variability on decision‐making and suggests further possible directions of research in this area.
City on fire: The role of extortion in urban fires
Authors: García‐Tejeda Enrique , Fondevila Gustavo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMost of the literature on fires focuses on the wild or rural environment. Nevertheless, urban fires, and in particular those related to criminal activity, have recently begun to receive greater attention. This study focuses on the analysis of fires in shopping malls, public markets and businesses in Mexico City to study the criminal intention of arson in cities. Using spatial analysis and count models, we study emergency calls (911) from January 2019 to February 2021 to explore the occurrence of fires and extortion in order to predict these events. Our main finding indicates a spatial concentration of fires in the city, with extortion as a significant predictor that increases the occurrence of fires by an average of 16.63%, controlling for non‐intentional factors. In commercial nodes, extortionists may burn down premises that resist extortion in reprisal and as an indirect threat to future victims. The results contribute to the understanding of a new line of research on arson, real estate fraud and financially profitable activities for organised crime. It is possible that ‘professional torches’ are also linked to another, previously unconsidered crime: that of extortion.
A meta‐analysis of the global growth and thermal inactivation parameters of Staphylococcus aureus for dairy products
Authors: Jia Kai , Liu Yangtai , Yang Shuo , Liu Yang , Zhu Huajian , Wang Xiang , Zhao Qi , Dong Qingli 
Published: February 2024

SummaryStaphylococcus aureus is a prominent foodborne pathogen causing Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) in dairy products. This study estimated S. aureus growth and thermal inactivation kinetic parameters and variability in various dairy products by conducting a meta‐analysis. Cheese exhibited a lower theoretical minimum temperature (Tmin), indicating favourable conditions for S. aureus growth even at lower temperatures. Tmin values for other matrices ranged from 5.0 to 7.2 °C, providing insights for production parameter formulation. Meanwhile, significant variations in the maximum population density (Ymax) are among dairy products at the same temperature. Keeping temperatures below 0 °C in pasteurised milk, raw milk and cheese limited Ymax to approximately 102–4 CFU mL−1, below the international toxicity threshold. Factors influencing D values were smaller than strain variability, and NaCl concentration emerged as a significant factor affecting S. aureus growth. These parameters can serve as references for quality control, safety and production optimisation in dairy product processes.
Periodontal pockets: Predictors for site‐related worsening after non‐surgical therapy—A long‐term retrospective cohort study
Authors: Herz Marco M. , Hoffmann Nina , Braun Sandra , Lachmann Stefan , Bartha Valentin , Petsos Hari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate site‐related changes in periodontal pocket depth (PPD) after non‐surgical periodontal therapy and to identify predictors for PPD changes in a retrospective patient data analysis.Materials and MethodsPPD, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility (TM), furcation involvement (FI), abutment status, adherence to supportive periodontal care (SPC) and SPC follow‐ups were obtained from fully documented patient data before periodontal therapy (baseline, T0), after active periodontal therapy (APT, T1) and during SPC (T2). PPD changes were classified into deteriorated or unchanged/improved at the site level. Multi‐level logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing PPD changes during SPC.ResultsThis retrospective study included 51 females and 65 males (mean T0 age: 54.8 ± 10.1 years, 25 smokers, 12 diabetics) suffering from Stage III/IV periodontitis. Evaluation outcome: T0/16,044 sampling sites/2674 teeth; T1/15,636/2606; T2/14,754/2459. During 9.0 ± 2.3 years SPC, PPD decreased (−1.33 ± 0.70 mm) by 21.8% of the sites, remained unchanged by 41.4% and increased (1.40 ± 0.78 mm) by 36.8%. Distopalatal FI (p < .001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.252, 95% confidence interval [CI] for OR: 0.118–0.540), residual pockets (p < .001, OR: 0.503, 95% CI: 0.429–0.590) and TM Degrees I–III (Degree I: p = .002, OR: 0.765, 95% CI: 0.646–0.905; Degree II: p = .006, OR: 0.658, 95% CI: 0.489–0.886; Degree III: p = .023, OR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.180–0.879) correlated significantly with increasing PPD.ConclusionsOver 75% of PPD remained unchanged or increased during SPC. Distopalatal FI, TM Degrees I–III and residual pockets after APT lead to worsening of periodontal pockets.
Early diversification dynamics in a highly successful insular plant taxon are consistent with the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography
Authors: Olivar Jay Edneil C. , Hauenschild Frank , Atkins Hannah J. , Bramley Gemma L.C. , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe general dynamic model (GDM) of oceanic island biogeography views oceanic islands predominantly as sinks rather than sources of dispersing lineages. To test this, we conducted a biogeographic analysis of a highly successful insular plant taxon, Cyrtandra, and inferred the directionality of dispersal and founder events throughout the four biogeographical units of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA), namely Sunda, Wallacea, Philippines, and Sahul. Sunda was recovered as the major source area, followed by Wallacea, a system of oceanic islands. The relatively high number of events originating from Wallacea is attributed to its central location in the IAA and its complex geological history selecting for increased dispersibility. We also tested if diversification dynamics in Cyrtandra follow predictions of adaptive radiation, which is the dominant process as per the GDM. Diversification dynamics of dispersing lineages of Cyrtandra in the Southeast Asian grade showed early bursts followed by a plateau, which is consistent with adaptive radiation. We did not detect signals of diversity‐dependent diversification, and this is attributed to Southeast Asian cyrtandras occupying various niche spaces, evident by their wide morphological range in habit and floral characters. The Pacific clade, which arrived at the immaturity phase of the Pacific Islands, showed diversification dynamics predicted by the island immaturity speciation pulse model (IISP), wherein rates increase exponentially, and their morphological range is controlled by the least action effect favoring woodiness and fleshy fruits. Our study provides a first step toward a framework for investigating diversification dynamics as predicted by the GDM in highly successful insular taxa.