bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of traumatic sternal body nonunions: Technical tricks and clinical experience
Authors: LaRoque Michael C. , Brahme Indraneel S. , Cole Peter A. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
Rarely, traumatic sternum fractures may result in nonunion, which can have drastic, negative implications. Literature on traumatic sternal nonunion reconstruction outcomes is limited to case reports. We present the surgical principles and report clinical outcomes for seven patients following surgical reconstruction of a traumatic sternal body nonunion.

METHODS
Consecutive adult patients with a nonunion after a traumatic sternum fracture who underwent reconstruction using locking plate technology and iliac crest bone graft at a Level I trauma center from 2013 to 2021 were identified. Demographic, injury, and surgery data was collected, and postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores were obtained. Patient-reported outcome scores included the one-question single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE), and the combined 10-question global physical health and global mental health values. Injuries were classified and all fractures were mapped onto a sternum template. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed for union.

RESULTS
Of the study's seven patients, five were female, and the mean age was 58 years. Mechanism of injury included motor vehicle collision (5) and blunt object chest trauma (2). The mean time from initial fracture to nonunion fixation was 9 months. Four of the seven patients achieved in-clinic follow-up at ≥12 months (mean = 14.3 months), while the other three achieved ≥6 months of in-clinic follow-up. Six patients completed outcomes surveys ≥12 months after surgery (mean = 28.9 months). Mean PRO scores at final follow-up included: SANE of 75 (out of 100), and global physical health and global mental health of 44 and 47, respectively (US population mean = 50).Six of seven patients achieved known radiographic union.

CONCLUSION
We describe an effective and practical method of achieving stable fixation in traumatic sternal body nonunions as evidenced by the positive clinical outcomes of a seven-patient series. Despite the variation in presentation and fracture morphology of this rare injury, the surgical technique and principles outlined can serve as a useful tool for chest wall surgeons.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Flushing and locking management related to central venous catheter occlusion rate among adult patients in acute care: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Fan Chia-Hao , Chu Chung-Ning , Chiu Feng-Han , Chen Chia-Te , Tung Heng-Hsin 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTIntroduction and objectives:A central venous catheter (CVC)—a type of central venous access device (CVAD)—is the most common intervention for critical illnesses. Obstruction of the CVC can lead to fatal consequences. Thus, it is critical to maintain catheter lumen patency. The CVC occlusion rate in a hospital in Taiwan was 33%. This project aimed to decrease the CVC occlusion rate in acute care.Methods:This project was conceptually informed by the JBI Evidence-Based Model of Healthcare, in particular, the conceptualization of evidence implementation as inclusive of context analysis, implementation, and evaluation of outcomes using evidence-based quality indicators. As part of the seven-phase implementation process, we used audit and feedback in a pre- and post-test design to measure baseline compliance. Based on the initial audit, we developed an implementation strategy responsive to the identified gaps in compliance. We then undertook a final audit to measure changes in compliance to evaluate our implementation effects. The JBI software, PACES, and the situational analysis software, GRiP, were used for data collection and implementation planning. There were six evidence-based criteria, with a sample size of 30 nurses for each criterion. The team carried out the project from September 2022 to January 2023.Results:Post-implementation audit compliance rates increased to 100% for the following criteria: the organization had a standardized flushing and locking solution protocol (0%), the CVAD lumen was locked upon completion of the final flush (10%), a single-dose system was used for flushing and locking the CVAD (60%), and preservative-free 0.9% sodium chloride was used to flush the CVAD (60%). Furthermore, the CVC occlusion rate decreased from 33% to 5%.Conclusions:The project successfully decreased the rate of CVC occlusion and increased the competence of nurses in acute care settings. The implementation of best practices in clinical care should focus on leadership, cross-department coordination, education, and innovation.
Magnetic flux leakage defect size estimation method based on physics-informed neural network
Authors: Xiong Yi , Liu Shuai , Hou Litao , Zhou Taotao 
Published: November 2023

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is a magnetic method of non-destructive testing for in-pipe defect detection and sizing. Despite the fact that recent developments in machine learning have revolutionized disciplines like MFL defect size estimation, the most current methods for quantifying pipeline defects are primarily data-driven, which may violate the underlying physical knowledge. This paper proposes a physics-informed neural network-based method for MFL defect size estimation. The training process of neural network is guided by the MFL data and the physical constraints that is mathematically represented by the magnetic dipole model. We use synthetic MFL data produced by a virtual MFL testing of pipeline defects to validate the proposed method through a comparison to purely data-driven neural networks and support vector machines. The findings imply that the physics-informed strategy can both improve predictive accuracy and mitigate physical violations in MFL testing, providing us with a better knowledge of how neural networks perform in defect size estimation.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Physics-informed machine learning and its structural integrity applications (Part 2)’.
Brd2 is dispensable for genome compartmentalization and replication timing
Authors: Hinojosa-Gonzalez Laura , Turner Jesse L. , Sasaki Takayo , Ay Ferhat , Gilbert David M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTReplication Timing (RT) refers to the temporal order in which the genome is replicated during S phase. Early replicating regions correlate with the transcriptionally active, accessible euchromatin (A) compartment, while late replicating regions correlate with the heterochromatin (B) compartment and repressive histone marks. Previously, widespread A/B genome compartmentalization changes were reported following Brd2 depletion. Since RT and A/B compartmentalization are two of the most highly correlated chromosome properties, we evaluated the effects of Brd2 depletion on RT. We performed E/L Repli-Seq following Brd2 depletion in the previously described Brd2 conditional degron cell line and found no significant alterations in RT after Brd2 KD. This finding prompted us to re-analyze the Micro-C data from the previous publication. We report that we were unable to detect any compartmentalization changes in Brd2 depleted cells compared to DMSO control using the same data. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Brd2 depletion alone does not affect A/B compartmentalization or RT in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Structures of theStaphylococcus aureusribosome inhibited by fusidic acid and fusidic acid cyclopentane
Authors: González-López Adrián , Larsson Daniel S. D. , Koripella Ravi Kiran , Cain Brett N. , Chavez Martin Garcia , Hergenrother Paul J. , Sanyal Suparna , Selmer Maria 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is used to treatStaphylococcus aureusinfections. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor G (EF-G) and preventing its release from the ribosome after translocation. While FA is only effective against gram-positive bacteria, the available structures of FA-inhibited complexes are from gram-negative model organisms. To fill this knowledge gap, we solved cryo-EM structures of theS. aureusribosome in complex with mRNA, tRNA, EF-G and FA to 2.5 Å resolution and the corresponding complex structures with the recently developed FA derivative FA-cyclopentane (FA-CP) to 2.0 Å resolution. With both FA variants, the majority of the ribosomal particles are observed in chimeric hybrid state and only a minor population in post-translocational state. As expected, FA binds in a pocket between domains I, II and III of EF-G and the sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA. FA-CP binds in an identical position, but its cyclopentane moiety provides additional contacts to EF-G and 23S rRNA, suggesting that its improved resistance profile towards mutations in EF-G is due to higher-affinity binding. These high-resolution structures reveal new details about theS. aureusribosome, including confirmation of many rRNA modifications, and provide an optimal starting point for future structure-based drug discovery on an important clinical drug target.
Unveiling unique microbial nitrogen cycling and novel nitrification drivers in coastal Antarctica
Authors: Han Ping , Tang Xiufeng , Koch Hanna , Dong Xiyang , Hou Lijun , Wang Danhe , Zhao Qian , Li Zhe , Liu Min , Lücker Sebastian , Shi Guitao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough microbial nitrogen (N) cycling plays a pivotal role in Antarctic ecosystems, its underlying mechanisms are largely uncharted. In this study, we unravel the biological origin of nitrate via triple oxygen isotopic composition analysis and systematically profile functional N-cycling genes within soil and lake sediment samples from the ice-free areas of East Antarctica. We successfully reconstruct 1,968 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) spanning 29 microbial phyla, enabling the analysis of the presence or absence of 52 diverse metabolic marker genes. Consistent with quantitative data, our metagenomic analyses confirm the active processes of microbial nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. We find no detectable anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes, underscoring a unique microbial N-cycling dynamic in the region. Notably, we identify the predominance of complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox)Nitrospira, a recently discovered bacterial guild capable of performing the entire nitrification process within a single organism. Further genomic investigations reveal their adaptive strategies in the Antarctic environment. These strategies likely involve the synthesis of trehalose to counteract cold stress, high substrate affinity to efficiently utilize available resources, and alternative metabolic pathways to adapt to nutrient-scarce conditions. Their significant role in the nitrification process is validated through13C-DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). This research provides a comprehensive illustration of nitrification’s crucial contribution to the nitrogen budget in coastal Antarctica, highlighting comammoxNitrospiraclade B as a novel nitrifying agent and shedding new light on the complex biogeochemical processes of nitrogen cycling in coastal Antarctica.
Preserved particulate organic carbon is likely derived from the subsurface sulfidic photic zone of the Proterozoic Ocean: evidence from a modern, oxygen-deficient lake
Authors: Cohen Ashley Brooke , Taylor Gordon T , Henkes Gregory , Weber Felix , Christensen Lisa N , Yagudaeva Milana , Lo Evan , McCormick Michael 
Published: November 2023

I-AbstractBiological processes in the Proterozoic Ocean are often inferred from modern oxygen-deficient environments (MODEs) or from stable isotopes in preserved sediment. To-date, few MODE studies have simultaneously quantified carbon fixation genes and attendant stable isotopic signatures. Consequently, how carbon isotope patterns reflect these pathways has not been thoroughly vetted. Addressing this, we profiled planktonic productivity and quantified carbon fixation pathway genes and associated carbon isotope values of size-fractionated (0.2 – 2.7 and > 2.7 μm) particulate organic carbon values (813CPOC) from meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake, NY, USA. The high-O2Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) gene (cbbL)was most abundant in the <2.7 μm size fraction in shallow oxic and deep hypoxic waters, corresponding with cyanobacterial populations. The low-O2CBB gene (cbbM)was most abundant near the lower oxycline boundary in the larger size fraction, coincident with purple sulfur bacteria populations. The reverse citric acid cycle gene (aclB)was equally abundant in both size fractions in the deepest photic zone, coinciding with green sulfur bacteria populations. Methane coenzyme reductase A (mcrA), of anaerobic methane cyclers, was most abundant at the lower oxycline boundary in both size fractions, coinciding withMethanoregulapopulations. 813CPOCvalues overlapped with the high-O2CBB fixation range except for two negative excursions near the lower oxycline boundary, likely reflecting assimilation of isotopically-depleted groundwater-derived inorganic carbon by autotrophs and acetate oxidation by sulfate-reducers. Throughout aphotic waters, 813CPOCvalues of the large size fraction became 13C-enriched, likely reflecting abundant purple sulfur bacterial aggregates. Microalgal-like isotopic signatures corresponded with increases incbbL,cbbMandaclB, and enrichment of exopolymer-rich prokaryotic photoautotrophs aggregates. Results suggest that 813CPOCvalues of preserved sediments from areas of the Proterozoic Ocean with sulfidic photic zones may reflect a mixture of alternate carbon-fixing populations exported from the deep photic zone, challenging the paradigm that sedimentary stable carbon isotope values predominantly reflect oxygenic photosynthesis from surface waters.
Protein Stability Prediction by Fine-tuning a Protein Language Model on a Mega-scale Dataset
Authors: Chu Simon K. S. , Siegel Justin B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe stability of a protein is crucial to its utility in industrial applications. While engineering campaigns can now be routinely used to enhance protein thermal stability to the level needed in an industrial setting, there is a significant desire to fast-track these efforts through predictive tools allowing one to jump in a minimal number of design iterations to a highly stabilized protein. In this work, we explore utilizing a mega-scale dataset for development of a protein language model tuned for stability. This model is trained on the folding stability of 528k sequences derived from 461 small protein domains and designs, and can accommodate deletions, insertions, and multiple-point mutations. We show that a protein language model can be fine-tuned to predict folding stability. The fine-tuned protein language model, named ESMtherm, performs reasonably on small protein domains and generalizes to sequences distal from the training set. Lastly, we discuss its limitations when compared to other state-of-the-art methods in generalizing to larger protein scaffolds and highlight the need of large-scale stability measurement on a diverse dataset that represents the distribution of sequence lengths commonly observed in nature.
Feedback inhibition by a descending GABAergic neuron regulates timing of escape behavior inDrosophilalarvae
Authors: Zhu Jiayi , Boivin Jean-Christophe , Garner Alastair , Ning Jing , Zhao Yi Qing , Ohyama Tomoko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEscape behaviors help animals avoid harm from predators and other threats in the environment. Successful escape relies on integrating information from multiple stimulus modalities (of external or internal origin) to compute trajectories toward safe locations, choose between actions that satisfy competing motivations, and execute other strategies that ensure survival. To this end, escape behaviors must be adaptive. When aDrosophila melanogasterlarva encounters a noxious stimulus, such as the focal pressure a parasitic wasp applies to the larval cuticle via its ovipositor, it initiates a characteristic escape response. The escape sequence consists of an initial abrupt bending, a corkscrew-like rolling, and finally rapid crawling. Previous work has shown that the detection of noxious stimuli primarily relies on class IV multi dendritic arborization neurons (Class IV neurons) located beneath the body wall, and more recent studies have identified several important components in the nociceptive neural circuitry involved in rolling. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the rolling-escape sequence remain unclear. Here we present both functional and anatomical evidence suggesting that bilateral descending neurons within the subesophageal zone ofD. melanogasterlarva play a crucial role in regulating the termination of rolling and subsequent transition to escape crawling. We demonstrate that these descending neurons (designated SeIN128) are inhibitory and receive inputs from a second-order interneuron upstream (Basin-2) and an ascending neuron downstream of Basin-2 (A00c). Together with optogenetic experiments showing that co-activation of SeIN128 neurons and Basin-2 influence the temporal dynamics of rolling, our findings collectively suggest that the ensemble of SeIN128, Basin-2, and A00c neurons forms a GABAergic feedback loop onto Basin-2, which inhibits rolling and thereby facilitates the shift to escape crawling.
Genomic and phenotypic stability of fusion-driven pediatric Ewing sarcoma cell lines
Authors: Kasan Merve , Siebenlist Jana , Sill Martin , Öllinger Rupert , de Álava Enrique , Surdez Didier , Dirksen Uta , Oehme Ina , Scotlandi Katia , Delattre Olivier , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Rad Roland , Strauch Konstantin , Grünewald Thomas G. P. , Cidre-Aranaz Florencia 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTHuman cancer cell lines are the mainstay of cancer research. Recent reports showed that highly mutated adult carcinoma cell lines (mainly HeLa and MCF-7) present striking diversity across laboratories and that long-term continuous culturing results in genomic/transcriptomic heterogeneity with strong phenotypical implications. This highlighted how despite human cell line models being powerful tools for cancer research, the findings derived from their use may present limitations in terms of reproducibility. However, to what extent these conclusions can be generalized to the majority of cancer cell lines remained unexplored. Here, we hypothesized that oligomutated pediatric sarcoma cell lines driven by a chimeric oncogenic transcription factor (COTF), such as Ewing sarcoma (EwS), were genetically and phenotypically more stable than the previously investigated (adult) carcinoma cell lines. A comprehensive molecular and phenotypic characterization of multiple EwS cell line strains in direct comparison to the HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, together with a simultaneous analysis during 12 months of continuous cell culture showed that COTF-driven pediatric sarcoma cell line strains are genomically more stable than adult carcinoma strains, display remarkably stable and homogenous transcriptomes, and exhibit uniform and stable drug response. The analysis of multiple EwS cell lines subjected to long-term continuous culture conditions revealed that variable degrees of genomic/transcriptomic/phenotypic may be observed among COTF-driven cell lines, further exemplifying that the potential for reproducibility of in vitro scientific results may be rather understood as a spectrum, even within the same tumor entity.
The impact of mascot attributes on sponsorship effectiveness the case of “Bing Dwen Dwen” at the Beijing winter Olympics
Authors: Quan Zhenhua , Qian Wenjie , Mao Jianhua 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between the attributes of Olympic mascots and their impact on sponsorship effectiveness. Based on a multiattribute model and the introduction of engagement theory and the meaning transfer model, this article uses the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics mascot “Bing Dwen Dwen” as the research object to empirically analyze the effects and mechanisms of the mascot's attributes on preference, event engagement, sponsorship enterprise trust and sponsorship enterprise attitude, ultimately constructing a sponsorship effectiveness model.Design/methodology/approachThe survey method was used to examine 238 respondents' emotions and attitudes towards companies participating in sponsoring Olympic mascots.FindingsThe study found that the main attributes of the mascot include visual and emotional factors, both of which have a positive impact on preference, with emotional factors having a greater influence than visual factors. Visual and emotional factors indirectly affect engagement through preference. Preference and engagement play a completely mediating role in the effect of mascot attributes on sponsorship enterprise trust and sponsorship enterprise attitude.Practical implicationsThis study provides practical recommendations for managers to achieve marketing success in sports sponsorship through mascots.Originality/valueThis paper provides a measurement tool for the study of mascot attributes and important support for subsequent research in sponsorship marketing.
Navigating the capital investment through national governance in BRICS economies: the role of cash holdings
Authors: Farooq Umar , Al-Naimi Ahmad A. , Arfeen Muhammad Irfanullah , Alnaimat Mohammad Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe current analysis aims to explore the role of cash holdings in the nexus of national governance and capital investment (CIN).Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this aim, the authors sample the nonfinancial enterprises from 5 Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) economies and employ system generalized method of moments(GMM) models as an estimation technique.FindingsThe empirical analysis infers that national governance has a positive relationship with CIN and a negative relationship with cash holdings. The cash holdings negatively determine CIN. However, the cash holdings show a positive relationship with CIN in the presence of the national governance index (NGI).Research limitations/implicationsThe important policy layout of the current analysis is that corporate managers should reduce cash holdings during better governance situations. Alternatively, corporate managers can disentangle the negative impact of bad country governance conditions on CIN by holding more cash.Originality/valueThe study is innovative as it explores mediating impact of cash holdings in the NGI-CIN nexus.