bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rituals of Harm: Castration and Genealogies of Sacred Wound Cultures in the Hijra Communities of India
Authors: Goel Ina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExisting within hierarchical kinship networks, requiring patronage of gurus, hijras, a ‘third’ gender community, undergo mandatory apprenticeship to a commune life through a discipleship‐lineage system where castration is seen as a necessary truth and final rite of passage to achieve a virtuous hijra identity. This article examines the subjectivities of hijras from working‐class backgrounds and narrows its focus to analyse how individual hijras develop an understanding of themselves from their occupied subject positions in the larger hijra community shaped by internal hijra cultural traditions (parampara) manifested through rituals of harm. Based on long‐term ethnographic fieldwork of 10 years in New Delhi and its neighbouring states, this article discusses the genealogies of wound cultures through castration in the hijra community acquired through their experiential and vernacular knowledge systems of self‐flagellation as a practice of ethical self‐making for their sacred rebirth in a nirvana (a state of freedom from all suffering) body.
Milk extracellular vesicles: A burgeoning new presence in nutraceuticals and drug delivery
Authors: Marsh Spencer R. , Beard Claire E. , Gourdie Robert G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMammalian milk, a multifaceted developmental biofluid, has attracted new attention due to its diverse constituents and their implications for health and disease. Among these constituents, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as focal points of investigation. EVs, including exosomes and small EVs, have demonstrated biological activity in preclinical studies—including reports of enhancement of cognition and neural complexity, promotion of gastrointestinal development, barrier function and microbiome richness, the bolstering of immune response, and facilitation of musculoskeletal maturation in neonates. The richness of milk as a source of EVs is noteworthy, with hundreds of milliliters (at >1012 EVs/mL) of nanovesicles extractable from a single liter of milk (>1014 EVs/starting liter of milk). Techniques such as tangential flow filtration hold promise for scalable production, potentially extending to thousands of liters. Together with the scale and increasing sophistication of the dairy industry, the abundance of EVs in milk underscores their commercial potential in various nutraceutical applications. Beyond natural bioactivity, milk EVs (mEVs) present intriguing possibilities as orally deliverable, non‐immunogenic pharmaceutical carriers, with burgeoning interest in their utilization for heart disease and cancer chemotherapy and as vectors for gene‐editing modules such as CrispR. This review synthesizes current knowledge on mEV biogenesis, characterization, isolation methodologies, and cargo contents. Moreover, it delves into the therapeutic potential of mEVs, both as inherently bioactive nanovesicles and as versatile platforms for drug delivery. As efforts progress toward large‐scale implementation, rigorous attention to safe, industrial‐scale production and robust assay development will be pivotal in harnessing the translational promise of small EVs from milk.
Psychometric Properties of the Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta‐Analysis
Authors: D'Antoni Anthony V. , Kamel Nancy , Tubbs R. Shane , McCartan Morgan G. , Strobel Laine W. , Bubb Kathleen C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe hallmark of evidence‐based anatomy (EBA) is the anatomical meta‐analysis (AMA). The Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta‐Analysis (CATAM) was recently published to enable users to appraise AMAs quickly and effectively. The tool is valuable for students and clinicians who need to judge the quality of AMAs, which informs clinical decision making and results in better patient care. Subjective measures of the tool's face and content validity have been established, but establishing its reliability provides a more objective measure of the instrument's dependability. This study investigated the interrater reliability (IRR) of the CATAM between novice and expert raters. Three graduate students and three professors (two anatomists and one pharmacist) read the original CATAM paper, and then had a post hoc meeting to discuss scoring with the tool. Three recent AMAs (published between 2017 and 2022) were randomly chosen from PubMed, and all six raters scored the papers blindly. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistic was used to calculate the interrater reliability (IRR) between all scores, and then the ICCs between novice and expert scores were compared. Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) of the CATAM was also calculated (SPSS 25, Armonk, NY). ICC for AMA‐1 was 0.999 (95% CI, 0.997–0.999), p = 0.000, and alpha was 0.999. ICC for AMA‐2 was 0.994 (95% CI, 0.988–0.998), p = 0.000, and alpha was 0.994. ICC for AMA‐3 was 0.998 (95% CI, 0.995–0.999), p = 0.000, and alpha was 0.998. ANOVA showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in mean ICCs between raters. The CATAM is a robust tool with excellent IRR (ICC > 0.990) and internal consistency (alpha > 0.990). No significant difference in ICC scores between novices and experts suggests the tool does not require prior expert knowledge to be effective. Now that the reliability of the CATAM is established, it can be more widely adopted by students and physicians worldwide to evaluate the quality of AMAs. The CATAM offers widespread applicability, and can be adopted in medical education, journal clubs, and clinical seminars to critically evaluate AMAs.
A Cascade of Abscess, Fasciitis, and Obstruction: Rare Presentation of Perforated Appendicitis
Authors: Bozorgmehr Ramin , Shiroudi Nastaran Hossein , Bastan Fatemeh , Jalali Mehrsa , Alibeik Nazanin , Rashidian Maryam 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFasciitis and abdominal abscess, followed by bowel obstruction could be the first manifestation of a silent perforated appendicitis. So, clinicians should evaluate the patient's complete clinical picture to prevent misdiagnoses and delays in care.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 (ERCO2) on Pb Electrocatalysts using Mn3O4 as Anode
Authors: Yadav V. S. K. , Saad Mohammed A. H. S. , Al‐Marri Mohammed J. , Kumar Anand 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ERCO2) to chemical feedstock and fuels is a promising strategy for reducing excessive carbon dioxide emissions. There are various benefits of converting CO2 to a single product and Pb is one of the active and efficienct catalyst for reducing CO2 to HCOOH. The current work used the electro‐deposition method to produce manganese oxide (Mn3O4) (nano particle flakes) and highly active, low‐cost lead (Pb) catalysts with a variety of morphologies (Nano crystal Flakes, Nano wires, and Nano crystal sheets). For the first time, the Mn3O4 catalyst was employed as the anode in the water oxidation process to produce protons, and the electrocatalytic effects of Mn3O4 and Pb on the ERCO2 reaction were investigated. The influence of CO2 reduction on catalyst loading is investigated and the lone product HCOOH is detected on the produced Pb catalysts. Using a systematic electrochemical study, the final product of the ERCO2 reaction is identified and measured. The maximum Faradaic efficiency was measured on Pb (nano crystal flakes) at −1.003 V, yielding efficiency of 77.32 % (10 min) in 1 mg/cm2 catalyst loading and 78.4 % on nano wires (10 min) at −1.003 V in 2 mg/cm2 catalyst loading, respectively. More specifically, it is discovered that the reaction selectivity and efficiency of CO2 electroreduction to HCOOH are highly influenced by the morphology and loading of the catalyst. These results provide an intimate understanding of water oxidation on Mn3O4 and CO2 electroreduction on Pb catalyst.
Rare‐Earth Doping Induced Pinning Effect with Enhanced Chemo‐Mechanical Stability in Ni‐Rich Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Hongyun , Su Yuefeng , Dong Jinyang , Yan Kang , Liu Jinzhong , Lu Yun , Wang Haoyu , Wang Chengzhi , Wu Feng , Chen Lai 
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive SummaryThe nickel‐rich layered ternary cathode material (NCM) has been extensively studied due to its high specific capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, with the increase of Ni content, the unstable structure of NCM material has gradually become prominent. Residual alkali on the surface and Li+/Ni2+ mixing before cycling, phase change, transition metal ions dissolution, microcracking, and other issues during the cycle, are the primary causes for the fast capacity fading of Ni‐rich materials. In this study, Sc3+ is doped into the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 material, which has been demonstrated to impede the Li+/Ni2+ mixing, while simultaneously increasing the layer spacing. This results in the stabilization of the material structure and an enhancement of both the cycling stability and the rate performance. Notably, single‐particle force testing and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) imaging further demonstrate reduced stress accumulation and mitigated chemo‐mechanical failure. This study underscores the efficacy of a minor addition of multifunctional rare‐earth doping in enhancing the chemo‐mechanical stability of Ni‐rich cathodes, offering a straightforward and comprehensive solution to optimize the design and performance of energy storage cathodes.
Research of In0.48Ga0.52P/GaAs Heterojunction Interface Properties Improvement Deposited by MOCVD
Authors: Yu Dayang , Qiu Junjie , Liang Kang , Huang Yicang , Shen Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInGaP/GaAs heterojunction layers are commonly used as semiconductor materials in GaAs solar cells. Nevertheless, challenges endure in the form of poor quality InGaP/GaAs heterojunctions. This is attributed to the diffusion of P atoms caused by the memory effect in the GaAs absorption layer, as well as the As/P exchange and H2 etching effect in the InGaP window layer. In this work, the residual group‐V source evacuation (RSE) and stabilizing method have been utilized to InGaP/GaAs heterojunction interface quality, and these effects have been investigated. The variation of process gas concentrations in metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor is numerically studied as an indicator of H2 etching and As/P exchange. Optimization of stabilizing and RSE period times is found to be necessary in order to achieve high‐quality heterojunction, balancing the memory effect, etching effect, As/P exchange effect, and GaAs crystal quality. When the RSE and stabilizing period times are both set to 0.5 s, it is observed that the photo luminescence (PL) performance of InGaP/GaAs reached its optimal level. These studies have great significance to the fabrication of InGaP/GaAs heterojunction‐based GaAs solar cell, which promotes the further development of multi‐junction and high photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) solar applications.
Supply–Demand Synergy Assessment of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in the Hanjiang River Basin Under Future Land Scenarios
Authors: Yuan Weiqi , Wang Hongxiang , Guo Wenxian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the supply–demand matching and trade‐offs of ecosystem services is crucial for formulating land use policies. However, there remains a lack of clear understanding on how to coordinate the supply–demand mismatch of ecosystem services under different future scenarios. In examining the Hanjiang River Basin (HJRB), this study utilizes the PLUS and InVEST models to evaluate present spatiotemporal changes in water yield (WY), carbon storage (CS) and food provision (FP) within the water–energy–food nexus context. It further explores the spatiotemporal patterns and correlation analysis of the WEF nexus across varying scenarios. The findings suggest the following: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, there was a notable rise in both forest and built‐up land. Compared to the year 2020, in the cropland protection scenario (CPS), cropland increased by 2.19%. In the ecological protection scenario (EPS), forest area increased significantly by 4.06%. In the natural growth scenario (NGS), the largest increase was observed in construction land, which expanded by 26.31%. (2) Land use and cover change (LUCC) has a limited impact on the WEF nexus supply, accounting for about 1%. From 2000 to 2020, both WY and CS's ESDR exhibited a ‘decrease‐followed‐by‐increase’ trend, while FP's ESDR gradually increased, with only the mismatched area between supply and demand for WY decreasing. (3) Unlike the grid scale, the WEF nexus correlation at the county/city scale has significantly increased, and intense LUCC will alter the synergy and trade‐offs within the WEF nexus. Additionally, there exists a pronounced spatial misalignment between CS and WY. Therefore, this study can provide a comprehensive reference for land use planning aimed at achieving the coordinated development of humans and nature.
Assessing Temporal Variability of Turbidity in Pampean Shallow Lakes (Argentina) Using Three Decades of Landsat Imagery
Authors: Gayol Maira Patricia , Sánchez María Laura , Dogliotti Ana Inés 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Pampean region (Argentina) encompasses thousands of permanent shallow lakes, which can be either in turbid or clear water regimes. The intensification of human activities in this region has led to a general deterioration of their water quality. Remote sensing allows the monitoring of water quality in lakes over large areas and extended periods. The objectives of this study were to analyse temporal variations in turbidity in six shallow lakes using Landsat satellite data (5‐TM, 7‐ETM+ and 8‐OLI) for the period 1987–2020 and to evaluate the impact of total crop area and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on these variations. A semi‐analytical turbidity algorithm using reflectance in the red and near‐infrared bands was tested against in situ turbidity measurements. The Floating Algal Index (FAI) was used to discard pixels with above‐water vegetation. The best performance of the algorithm was achieved using only the near‐infrared band for the four turbid lakes, and the red band for the two clear lakes. High vegetation coverage in clear lakes prevented the estimation of the complete turbidity series. A significant positive turbidity trend was observed for turbid lakes during the 2000s, coinciding with a sharp increase in cultivated area. Regarding ENSO, a statistically significant relationship with turbidity was observed for the entire period in one lake, but turbidity peaks coincided with La Niña events in all lakes. This study emphasizes the utility of remote sensing in complementing field studies and thus monitoring regional changes in aquatic systems over long periods.
Association between the Tpeak‐Tend interval on admission and coronary microvascular dysfunction in Takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Onishi Kyohei , Ueno Masafumi , Yamada Nobuhiro , Kakehi Kazuyoshi , Fujita Kosuke , Matsumura Koichiro , Nakazawa Gaku 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsThe Tpeak‐Tend interval on electrocardiogram may be a predictor of worse outcomes in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), but the mechanisms have not been fully determined. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between the corrected Tpeak‐Tend (cTp‐e) interval and coronary microvascular‐dysfunction (CMD) assessed by the angiography‐derived index of microvascular resistance (Angio‐IMR) and the in‐hospital prognosis in patients with TTS.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively evaluated 111 consecutive patients admitted for TTS who underwent coronary angiography at Kindai University Hospital from October 2009 to July 2023. The Tpeak‐Tend interval was defined as the time interval between the peak and the end of the T wave in electrocardiogram lead V5 on admission. Angio‐IMR was assessed from aortic pressure, quantitative flow ratio (QFR), vessel length and hyperemic velocity using the formula described in validation studies. QFR, vessel length and hyperemic velocity was derived from coronary angiography and QAngio XA 3D software package. The degree of CMD was assessed by the maximum Angio‐IMR value in each of the three coronary arteries. The primary endpoint was the relationship between the grade of a prolonged cTp‐e interval on admission and Angio‐IMR. The secondary endpoint was the relationship between the grade of a prolonged cTp‐e interval on admission and in‐hospital adverse cardiovascular events (composite of acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, life‐threatening arrhythmia, thrombotic events, stroke and all‐cause death). The median age was 77.5 [71.0–83.0] years, and most patients were women (82.0%). The median cTp‐e interval was 114.5 [91.2–147.0] ms. The patients were categorized according to the tertiles of the cTp‐e interval (T1: 52.4–96.9 ms; T2: 100.1–129.1 ms; T3: 131.7–309.8 ms). There was a stepwise increment in the values of maximum Angio‐IMR in each of the three coronary arteries in tertiles of the cTp‐e interval (T1 vs. T2 vs. T3: 16.1 [14.7–19.3] vs. 21.8 [16.0–31.1] vs. 29.0 [27.2–31.9], P < 0.001). In‐hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 53 of 111 patients (47.7%). There was a stepwise increment in the incidence of in‐hospital adverse cardiovascular events in tertiles of the cTp‐e interval (T1 vs. T2 vs. T3: 27.1% vs. 54.1% vs. 62.2%, P = 0.007). The multivariable analysis showed that prolonged cTp‐e interval (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.12–1.56; P < 0.001) was independent predictors of in‐hospital adverse cardiovascular events.ConclusionsThe Tpeak‐Tend interval on admission reflected CMD and predicts in‐hospital adverse cardiovascular events in patients with TTS.
Cardiac myosin binding protein C correlate with cardiac troponin I during an exercise training program in patients with HFrEF
Authors: Riveland E. , Ushakova A. , Valborgland T. , Karlsen T. , Dalen H. , Prescott E. , Omland T. , Linke A. , Halle M. , Marber M. , Ellingsen Ø. , Larsen A.I. ,   the SMARTEX‐HF Study Group
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyC) is an emerging new biomarker of myocardial injury rising earlier and cleared faster than cardiac troponins. It has discriminatory power similar to high‐sensitive troponins in diagnosing myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain. It is also associated with outcome in patients with acute heart failure. It is currently unclear how it relates to cardiac troponins in patients with chronic heart failure undergoing exercise training.Methods and resultsThis is a post hoc analysis of symptomatic heart failure patients in the multicentre randomized SMARTEX trial. Patients were randomized to one of three arms: high‐intensity interval training, moderate continuous training and recommendation of regular exercise serving as control group (CG) for 12 weeks. As the training load in the two intervention arms was similar, these patients were merged and constituted the intervention group (IG). Clinical data and measurements were obtained at baseline and at 12 weeks. In 205 patients, serum was available for cMyC testing and in 196 patients, serum was available for hs‐cTni testing. Due to non‐normal distribution, cMyC and hs‐cTnI measurements were log‐transformed. A Bland–Altman plot was employed to evaluate the agreement of cMyC with hs‐cTnI measurements. Lastly, a linear regression model was applied. No significant differences were observed in the change of cMyC levels between the groups throughout the intervention period (∆ cMyC IG: −0.5 [IQR: −3.4; 2.1] vs. ∆ cMyC CG: −0.7 [IQR: −2.7; 2.6]). The change in log hs‐cTnI was significantly correlated with the change in log cMyC during the 12‐week intervention period, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of R = 0.52 (95% CI 0.37–0.66, P < 0.001). For every 10% increase in cMyC levels, hs‐cTnI levels rose by approximately 5%.ConclusionsChanges in levels of the novel biomarker cMyC were significantly associated with hs‐cTnI serum levels in patients with symptomatic chronic HFrEF during a structured 12‐week exercise training programme. This may indicate that cMyC has a role as a future marker of subclinical myocardial damage.
Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Agents (GBCAs) for MRI: A Benefit–Risk Balance Analysis from a Chemical, Biomedical, and Environmental Point of View
Authors: Scarciglia Angelo , Papi Chiara , Romiti Chiara , Leone Andrea , Di Gregorio Enza , Ferrauto Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) have revolutionized medical imaging, enhancing the accuracy and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The increasing use of GBCAs has raised concerns about the release of gadolinium (Gd)(III) into the environment and potential risks for human health. Initially, multiple administrations of GBCAs were associated only with nephrogenic system fibrosis disease in individuals with impaired kidney function. Even if the Gd(III) retention in tissues has not yet been correlated with any specific disease, caution is required for the extensive use of GBCAs. The concerns related to the employment of GBCAs, due to the possible deposition and retention, should be extended also to healthy individuals without renal impairments. To ensure the well‐being of patients, there is a need to develop even more stable and better‐performing GBCAs, new MRI approaches requiring lower doses of GBCAs and, finally, innovative methods for recovering Gd(III) from both patients’ urines and the environment. This can have strong advantages for human health and for environmental sustainability, also considering Gd(III) scarcity, being a rare earth element, and the shared guideline to reduce, as much as possible, the use of rare metals.
Woman with right abdominal pain
Authors: Ku Wei‐Jiun , Ang Shy‐Yau , Chu Sheng‐En , Chang Chih‐Jung , Huang Chun‐Yen , Chiang Wen‐Chu , Sun Jen‐Tang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the role of point‐of‐care ultrasonography (POCUS) in the diagnosis of epiploic appendagitis, a relatively rare but important cause of right lower quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain, in an emergency department setting. We aimed to evaluate the utility of POCUS in differentiating epiploic appendagitis from other acute abdominal conditions such as appendicitis and diverticulitis.MethodThis was a case‐based study in which a 51‐year‐old female patient presented with a 3‐day history of RLQ abdominal pain. Initial clinical examination showed RLQ tenderness with rebound tenderness. POCUS was performed at the bedside, followed by contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) for definitive diagnosis. The findings on POCUS were compared with CT imaging to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound.ResultPOCUS revealed a thickened ascending colon hyperechoic mass, adherent to the colon, which lacked the acoustic shadowing or blind‐ended tubular structure typically seen in appendicitis. These findings were consistent with epiploic appendagitis. The final diagnosis was confirmed by CT imaging, which demonstrated a hyperattenuating ring with surrounding fat stranding and mild colon wall thickening, consistent with epiploic appendagitis. POCUS showed a high sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (100%) for diagnosing this condition.ConclusionPOCUS is a valuable diagnostic tool in the emergency department for identifying epiploic appendagitis, particularly in patients with non‐specific abdominal pain. It can help avoid unnecessary surgical interventions and hospital admissions when properly utilised. While CT remains the gold standard for diagnosis, POCUS offers a rapid, non‐invasive and cost‐effective alternative in acute settings. Further research is recommended to evaluate the broader application of POCUS for epiploic appendagitis in varied clinical scenarios.