bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The drag on a rising sphere along the axis in a short rotating cylinder of fluid: revisiting the data and theory
Authors: Ungarish M. 
Published: January 2024

We revisit the problem of a solid sphere rising slowly in a rotating short container filled with a slightly viscous fluid, with emphasis on the drag force. The data of the classical experiments of Maxworthy (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 31, 1968, pp. 643–655) and recent experiments of Kozlov et al. (Fluids, vol. 8 (2), 2023, paper 49), and the available geostrophic and quasi-geostrophic theories, are subjected to a novel scrutiny by combined reprocessing and comparisons. The measured drag is, consistently, about 20 % lower than the geostrophic prediction (assuming that flow is dominated by the Ekman layers, while in the inviscid cores the Coriolis acceleration is supported by the pressure gradient). The major objective is the interpretation and improvement of the gap between data and predictions. We show that the data cover a small range of relevant parameters (in particular the Taylor number

$T$

and the height ratio

$H$

of cylinder to particle diameter) that precludes a thorough and reliable assessment of the theories. However, some useful insights and improvements can be derived. The hypothesis that the discrepancy between data and the geostrophic prediction is due to inertial effects (not sufficiently small Rossby number

$Ro$

in the experiments) is dismissed. We show that the major reason for the discrepancy is the presence of relatively thick Stewartson layers about the cylinder (Taylor column) attached to the sphere. The

$1/3$

layer displaces the boundary condition of the angular velocity (

$\omega = 0$

) outside the radius of the particle. This observation suggests a semi-empirical correction to the theoretical quasi-geostrophic predictions (which takes into account the Ekman layers and the

$1/4$

Stewartson layers); the corrected drag is in fair agreement with the data. We demonstrate that the inertial terms are negligible for

$Ro\,T^{1/2} <0.4$

. We consider curve-fit approximations, and point out some persistent gaps of knowledge that require further experiments and simulations.
Cooperation Between Colleges and Companies: Vocational Education, Skill Mismatches and China's Turnover Problem
Authors: Müller Armin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Chinese government promotes cooperation between colleges and companies in vocational education to improve the supply of skilled workers and increase labour productivity. This study employs the concept of positive coordination – negotiations concurrently addressing productive and distributive questions – to analyse the advantages and limitations of voluntary cooperation embedded in networks. In terms of production, many projects focus on updating, narrowing and deepening curricula to lower the costs of initial training borne by companies and the risk of labour turnover. In terms of distribution, however, the deep and narrow curricula are at odds with students’ preference for general and transferable skills; and the mutual commitments of both companies and students are uncertain. The solutions provided by cooperation are partial and unstable. Overall, they reduce skill mismatches but cannot control turnover or overcome market failure, which undermines tertiary vocational education's contribution to labour productivity.
Rheological Structure and Lithospheric Stress Interaction in the Alaska Subduction Zone Gleaned From the 2018 Mw 7.9 Oceanic Crustal Earthquake
Authors: Zhang Jian , Hu Yan , Wang Kai , Yang Siyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPostseismic deformation at convergent margins is controlled mainly by continuous slip on the fault (afterslip) and relaxation of the earthquake‐induced stress in the viscoelastic upper mantle (viscoelastic relaxation). Study of these deformation processes provides insight into the rheological properties of upper mantle and slip behavior of the fault. We have constructed a three‐dimensional finite element model to investigate the postseismic deformation of the 2018 Mw 7.9 Kodiak earthquake. We derived the first 2‐year postseismic Global Positioning System observations to constrain afterslip and upper mantle rheology in the south‐central Alaska. The upper mantle is separated into the mantle wedge and oceanic upper mantle topped by an 80‐km thick asthenosphere layer by the subducting slab. Results show that afterslip generally occurred in areas adjacent to the rupture zone and has a small magnitude of a few tens of millimeters. The viscosities of the asthenosphere and mantle wedge are determined to be in a range of 1–4 × 1018 and 0.5–5 × 1019 Pa s with an optimal value of 2 × 1018 and 2 × 1019 Pa s, respectively. Model results reveal a localized weak mantle wedge of ∼1018 Pa s beneath Lower Cook Inlet that may be due to the fluids dehydrated from the slab. Coulomb stress changes show that the earthquake enhanced coseismic and postseismic stress loading of up to 0.9 and 0.1 bar, respectively, on the shallow subduction interface near Kodiak Island, but there is no obvious triggered seismicity, probably due to the low stress status already released by the 1964 Mw 9.2 Alaska earthquake.
Epigenetic addition of m5C to HBV transcripts promotes viral replication and evasion of innate antiviral responses
Authors: Ding Shuang , Liu Haibin , Liu Lijuan , Ma Li , Chen Zhen , Zhu Miao , Liu Lishi , Zhang Xueyan , Hao Haojie , Zuo Li , Yang Jingwen , Wu Xiulin , Zhou Ping , Huang Fang , Zhu Fan , Guan Wuxiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEukaryotic five-methylcytosine (m5C) is an important regulator of viral RNA splicing, stability, and translation. However, its role in HBV replication remains largely unknown. In this study, functional m5C sites are identified in hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA. The m5C modification at nt 1291 is not only indispensable for Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF) recognition to promote viral mRNA export and HBx translation but also for the inhibition of RIG-I binding to suppress interferon-β (IFN-β) production. Moreover, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) catalyzes the addition of m5C to HBV mRNA and is transcriptionally downregulated by the viral protein HBx, which suppresses the binding of EGR1 to the NSUN2 promoter. Additionally, NSUN2 expression correlates with m5C modification of type I IFN mRNA in host cells, thus, positively regulating IFN expression. Hence, the delicate regulation of NSUN2 expression induces m5C modification of HBV mRNA while decreasing the levels of m5C in host IFN mRNA, making it a vital component of the HBV life cycle. These findings provide new molecular insights into the mechanism of HBV-mediated IFN inhibition and may inform the development of new IFN-α based therapies.
Single-cell multi-omic analysis of the vestibular schwannoma ecosystem uncovers a nerve injury-like state
Authors: Barrett Thomas F. , Patel Bhuvic , Khan Saad M. , Mullins Riley D. Z. , Yim Aldrin K. Y. , Pugazenthi Sangami , Mahlokozera Tatenda , Zipfel Gregory J. , Herzog Jacques A. , Chicoine Michael R. , Wick Cameron C. , Durakovic Nedim , Osbun Joshua W. , Shew Matthew , Sweeney Alex D. , Patel Akash J. , Buchman Craig A. , Petti Allegra A. , Puram Sidharth V. , Kim Albert H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign tumors that lead to significant neurologic and otologic morbidity. How VS heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to VS pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we perform scRNA-seq on 15 VS, with paired scATAC-seq (n = 6) and exome sequencing (n = 12). We identify diverse Schwann cell (SC), stromal, and immune populations in the VS TME and find that repair-like and MHC-II antigen-presenting SCs are associated with myeloid cell infiltrate, implicating a nerve injury-like process. Deconvolution analysis of RNA-expression data from 175 tumors reveals Injury-like tumors are associated with larger tumor size, and scATAC-seq identifies transcription factors associated with nerve repair SCs from Injury-like tumors. Ligand-receptor analysis and in vitro experiments suggest that Injury-like VS-SCs recruit myeloid cells via CSF1 signaling. Our study indicates that Injury-like SCs may cause tumor growth via myeloid cell recruitment and identifies molecular pathways that may be therapeutically targeted.
Massively parallel profiling of RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13d
Authors: Kuo Hung-Che , Prupes Joshua , Chou Chia-Wei , Finkelstein Ilya J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCRISPR-Cas13d cleaves RNA and is used in vivo and for diagnostics. However, a systematic understanding of its RNA binding and cleavage specificity is lacking. Here, we describe an RNA Chip-Hybridized Association-Mapping Platform (RNA-CHAMP) for measuring the binding affinity for > 10,000 RNAs containing structural perturbations and other alterations relative to the CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Deep profiling of Cas13d reveals that it does not require a protospacer flanking sequence but is exquisitely sensitive to secondary structure within the target RNA. Cas13d binding is penalized by mismatches in the distal crRNA-target RNA region, while alterations in the proximal region inhibit nuclease activity. A biophysical model built from these data reveals that target recognition initiates in the distal end of the target RNA. Using this model, we design crRNAs that can differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 variants by modulating nuclease activation. This work describes the key determinants of RNA targeting by a type VI CRISPR enzyme.
Cholesterol biosynthetic pathway induces cellular senescence through ERRα
Authors: Ziegler Dorian V. , Czarnecka-Herok Joanna , Vernier Mathieu , Scholtes Charlotte , Camprubi Clara , Huna Anda , Massemin Amélie , Griveau Audrey , Machon Christelle , Guitton Jérôme , Rieusset Jennifer , Vigneron Arnaud M. , Giguère Vincent , Martin Nadine , Bernard David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCellular senescence is a cell program induced by various stresses that leads to a stable proliferation arrest and to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Accumulation of senescent cells during age-related diseases participates in these pathologies and regulates healthy lifespan. Recent evidences point out a global dysregulated intracellular metabolism associated to senescence phenotype. Nonetheless, the functional contribution of metabolic homeostasis in regulating senescence is barely understood. In this work, we describe how the mevalonate pathway, an anabolic pathway leading to the endogenous biosynthesis of poly-isoprenoids, such as cholesterol, acts as a positive regulator of cellular senescence in normal human cells. Mechanistically, this mevalonate pathway-induced senescence is partly mediated by the downstream cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This pathway promotes the transcriptional activity of ERRα that could lead to dysfunctional mitochondria, ROS production, DNA damage and a p53-dependent senescence. Supporting the relevance of these observations, increase of senescence in liver due to a high-fat diet regimen is abrogated in ERRα knockout mouse. Overall, this work unravels the role of cholesterol biosynthesis or level in the induction of an ERRα-dependent mitochondrial program leading to cellular senescence and related pathological alterations.
Delineation of endorheic drainage basins in the MERIT-Plus dataset for 5 and 15 minute upscaled river networks
Authors: Prusevich Alexander A. , Lammers Richard B. , Glidden Stanley J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe MERIT-Hydro networks re-gridded by the Iterative Hydrography Upscaling (IHU) algorithm do not retain exo- or endorheic basin attributes from the original data. Here we developed methods to assign such attributes to those and any other digital river networks. The motivation is that endorheic inland drainage basins are essential for hydrologic modelling of global and regional water balances, land surface water storage, gravity anomalies, sea level rise, etc. First, we create basin attributes that explicitly label endorheic and exorheic catchments by the criteria of direct or hidden connectivity to the ocean without changing their flow direction grid. In the second step we alter the delineation of endorheic basins by the merging algorithm that eliminates small inland watersheds to the adjacent host basins. The resulting datasets have a significantly reduced number of endorheic basins while preserving the total land portion and topology of the inland basins. The data was validated using the Water Balance Model by comparing volume of endorheic inland depressions with modelled water accumulation in their inland lakes.
Controlling the motion of gravitational spinners and waves in chiral waveguides
Authors: Kandiah A. , Jones I. S. , Movchan N. V. , Movchan A. B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper we present a mathematical modelling framework for chiral phenomena associated with rotational motions, highlighting the combination of gyroscopic action with gravity. We discuss new ideas of controlling gravity-induced waves by a cluster of gyroscopic spinners. For an elementary gravitational spinner, the transient oscillations are accompanied by a full classification and examples, linked to natural phenomena observed in planetary motion. Applications are presented in the theory of chiral metamaterials, and of the dynamic response of such materials to external loads.
Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 study on adsorption of methyl orange on nanoparticles
Authors: Li Heng , Jin Huanhuan , Li Ranran , Hua Junpeng , Zhang Zhen , Li Ruixin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMagnetic core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method. Based on the characterization and experimental results, the adsorbent was found to have an average particle size of approximately 120 nm, a pore size range of 2–5 nm and superparamagnetic properties. It exhibited electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions during adsorption of methyl orange (MO). The adsorption of MO on the magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles exhibited pseudo-second-order kinetics, the adsorption process is a spontaneous endothermic adsorption process, which conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. he maximum amount of MO was adsorbed at pH = 2, T = 45 °C and t = 30 min, and the highest adsorption capacity was 182.503 mg/g; The unit adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles still reached 83% of the original capacity after 5 cycles, so the material was reusable and met the requirements of environmental protection. This study reveals the great potential of magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles for removal of dyes from wastewater.
Conformational diversity and protein–protein interfaces in drug repurposing in Ras signaling pathway
Authors: Sayin Ahenk Zeynep , Abali Zeynep , Senyuz Simge , Cankara Fatma , Gursoy Attila , Keskin Ozlem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe focus on drug repurposing in the Ras signaling pathway, considering structural similarities of protein–protein interfaces. The interfaces formed by physically interacting proteins are found from PDB if available and via PRISM (PRotein Interaction by Structural Matching) otherwise. The structural coverage of these interactions has been increased from 21 to 92% using PRISM. Multiple conformations of each protein are used to include protein dynamics and diversity. Next, we find FDA-approved drugs bound to structurally similar protein–protein interfaces. The results suggest that HIV protease inhibitors tipranavir, indinavir, and saquinavir may bind to EGFR and ERBB3/HER3 interface. Tipranavir and indinavir may also bind to EGFR and ERBB2/HER2 interface. Additionally, a drug used in Alzheimer's disease can bind to RAF1 and BRAF interface. Hence, we propose a methodology to find drugs to be potentially used for cancer using a dataset of structurally similar protein–protein interface clusters rather than pockets in a systematic way.
Synthesis of causal and surrogate models by non-equilibrium thermodynamics in biological systems
Authors: Sakurada Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Tetsuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe developed a model to represent the time evolution phenomena of life through physics constraints. To do this, we took into account that living organisms are open systems that exchange messages through intracellular communication, intercellular communication and sensory systems, and introduced the concept of a message force field. As a result, we showed that the maximum entropy generation principle is valid in time evolution. Then, in order to explain life phenomena based on this principle, we modelled the living system as a nonlinear oscillator coupled by a message and derived the governing equations. The governing equations consist of two laws: one states that the systems are synchronized when the variation of the natural frequencies between them is small or the coupling strength through the message is sufficiently large, and the other states that the synchronization is broken by the proliferation of biological systems. Next, to simulate the phenomena using data obtained from observations of the temporal evolution of life, we developed an inference model that combines physics constraints and a discrete surrogate model using category theory, and simulated the phenomenon of early embryogenesis using this inference model. The results show that symmetry creation and breaking based on message force fields can be widely used to model life phenomena.
Micro‐motion signal time‐frequency results inversion of rotor targets under low signal‐to‐noise ratios
Authors: Long Ming , Yang Jun , Lv Mingjiu , Chen Wenfeng , Xia Saiqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA signal time‐frequency results inversion method is proposed for extracting micro‐motion features of rotor targets under low signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). In the case of low SNRs, the echo's energy of rotor targets is mainly concentrated in the flash's echo component. Conventional micro‐motion feature extraction of rotor targets primarily utilises the sinusoidal modulation feature in time‐frequency results, whose energy is much lower than the flash. Under low SNRs, the sinusoidal modulation in the echo's time‐frequency results will be submerged in the noise, making feature extraction challenging. A deep learning network is used to inverse the time‐frequency results containing sinusoidal modulation based on the flash's features in the time‐frequency results. Based on the inversion time‐frequency results, the GS‐IRadon algorithm is used to extract micro‐motion features, which can significantly reduce the times of IRadon transformations and improve feature extraction speed and accuracy. Through simulation and analysis, a novel method using a deep learning network like UNet can effectively inverse time‐frequency results under low SNRs, providing a new technical approach for micro‐motion feature extraction. Time‐frequency results inversion is a novelty method used to achieve micro‐motion feature extraction of rotor targets.
“In-silico Design and Development of Novel Hydroxyurea
Lipid Drug Conjugates for Breast Cancer Therapy Targeting
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway”
Authors: Dharmaraj Saranya , Swaroop Akey Krishna , Esakkimuthukumar Mariappan , Negi Preeya , Jubie Selvaraj 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydroxyurea (HU) has shown promise in breast cancer treatment, but its
hydrophilic nature limits its efficacy. Therefore, conjugating HU with lipids
could increase its liphophilicity and improve its cellular uptake, leading to
increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR
pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer not only because it is the
second most frequently altered pathway after p53, but also because it serves as
a convergence point for many stimuli. The aim of this study is to design and
develop novel hydroxyurea lipid drug conjugates for breast cancer therapy
targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway using in-silico and
in-vitro approaches. The conjugates are designed and docked with the
proteins selected for each target like PI3K (PDB ID;2JDO), AKT (PDB ID;3APF),
mTOR (PDB ID;4JST). The conjugates with higher docking scores are taken for ADME
studies and molecular dynamics. Stearic, lauric, palmitic, myristic and
linolenic acids have been used for the conjugation. The conjugates are
synthesized and characterized. The HLB calculation and partition coefficient are
carried out to find the improvement in liphophilicity of the conjugates compared
to hydroxyurea. Finally, the in-vitro cytotoxicity studies are performed
with MCF -7 cell lines and the compound HU-MA (hydroxyurea with myristic acid)
with low IC50 is considered as the compound having good activity with
compound code. These conjugates have been shown to have improved drug solubility
and better cellular uptake compared to free hydroxyurea, which can increase drug
efficacy.
Abstract or concrete? The effects of language style and service context on continuous usage intention for AI voice assistants
Authors: Lan Hai , Tang Xiaofei , Ye Yong , Zhang Huiqin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe unprecedented growth in voice assistants (VAs) provided with artificial intelligence (AI) challenges managers aiming to harness various new technologies to enhance the competitiveness of their products. This article thus investigates how VAs can more effectively improve the user experience by focusing on the attributes of service contexts, matching a utilitarian-dominant (hedonic-dominant) context with concrete (abstract) language in VA–human interactions. Through such matching, VA companies can potentially create a beneficial congruity effect, leading to more favorable evaluations. The results of three studies therefore suggest that users prefer VAs with abstract language in a hedonic-dominant service context, but that VAs with concrete language are more competitive in a utilitarian-dominant service context. Furthermore, the perception of processing fluency mediates this effect. Accordingly, these findings provide a better understanding of AI–human interactions and open a straightforward path for managers or technology providers to enhance users’ continuous usage intention.
Tagoi birth names
Authors: Bashir Abeer M. A. , Ali Osman M. O. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Among many groups of the Nuba Mountains, personal names
denote birth order, i.e., whether a child is the first, second, third, etc.,
among their siblings. Tagoi, a Niger-Congo language spoken in the
north-eastern Nuba Mountains, shows such a naming system. Tagoi children
receive another name, used in official documents and associated with certain
birth practices. Over time, these non-order-based names have been adapted to
an Islamic/Arabic naming system based on days of the week. Birth-order names
were retained for some time after Islamization and Arabicization, but
factors including urbanization and education have led to the gradual loss of
both types of names. This paper describes the Tagoi naming system in its
sociohistorical context and considers these names from linguistic and
anthropological perspectives.
Catching and classifying fish among the Dwang
Authors: Essegbey James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to discuss an endangered
fishing practice, and the naming and uses of fish among the Dwang of the
Bono East Region of Ghana. I discuss a (defunct) communal fish catching process
known as kese /kə́sə́/, in which the poisonous plant
Adenia cissampeloises, also called
kese by the Dwang, was used to kill the fish and
harvest them. I then turn to the Dwang names for six freshwater fish, which
is a classification of sorts. I explore the semantics of the fish names,
especially their classes, such as ka- for singular versus
n- for plural (e.g., káwá/nkáwá),
on the one hand, and ɔ- for singular versus
a- for plural (e.g., ɔtʃwɪrɛ/atʃɪrɛ),
among others. I discuss some medicinal and customary uses of the fish which
have almost disappeared. The chapter is therefore a discussion of endangered
indigenous knowledge of a plant and fish.