bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Fructose‐Containing Sugars on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Controlled Trials
Authors: Choo Vivian L , Cozma Adrian I , Viguiliouk Effie , Mejia Sonia Blanco , Kendall Cyril WC , de Souza Russell J , Jenkins David JA , Sievenpiper John L 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUNDFructose‐containing sugars have become a focus of widespread concern regarding their contribution to the development of diabetes.AIMSTo assess the effect of fructose‐containing sugars on glycemic control, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled trials.DATA SOURCESWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library (through October 3, 2015).DATA EXTRACTIONWe included controlled trials ≥7 days. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant study data and assessed risk of bias (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool). Glycemic control outcomes included glycated blood proteins (HbA1c, fructosamine, glycated albumin), fasting glucose, and fasting insulin. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic).RESULTSEligibility criteria were met by 126 trials (N=2186). We identified 3 types of trials: 98 substitution trials (N=1625), in which fructose containing sugars were compared with other macronutrients matched for energy; 23 addition trials (N=492), in which fructose‐containing sugars supplemented diets with excess calories compared to the same diets alone without the excess calories; and 6 ad libitum trials (N=69), in which fructose‐containing sugars freely replaced other macronutrients without any strict control of calories. Fructose‐containing sugars improved glycated blood proteins compared with other macronutrients in substitution trials (SMD −0.15 [95%CI, −0.29 to −0.01]). Provision of excess calories from fructose‐containing sugars, however, increased fasting insulin (MD 6.14 [95% CI, 1.30 to 10.97]) in addition trials. None of the other analyses were significant.LIMITATIONSThere was no serious risk of bias, but most trials were small, short and several analyses were complicated by significant unexplained heterogeneity. Very few trials compared fructose‐containing sugars with macronutrients other than starch.CONCLUSIONSPooled analyses suggest that fructose‐containing sugars are no worse in their effects on glycemic control than other macronutrients (mainly starch) in energy matched comparisons. Fructose‐containing sugars supplementing diets with excess energy, however, show an increasing‐effect on insulin, an effect which appears more attributable to the excess energy than the sugars. Larger, longer, higher quality trials with a range of macro‐nutrient comparators are required.Support or Funding InformationCanadian Diabetes Association, PSI Foundation, CIHR Banting and Best Graduate Student Award, Ontario Graduate Scholarship, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre Novo Nordisk Studentship
Evaluation in Children of Novel Bluetooth Bioimpedance Analysis Devices Designed for mhealth Applications
Authors: Zheng Jolene , Wang Mingming , Choi Ahyoung , Kim Justin Young‐Hyun , Jo Seong Wook , Cho Jaegeol , Bhagat Yusuf A , Kim Insoo , Heymsfield Steven B 
Published: November 2023

Body fat and other body composition measurements are of increasing interest in the clinical setting and to the general public. Excess adiposity in children is a growing concern with the now well‐established relationship between early onset obesity and later adult health. The aim of the current study was to evaluate in children (ages 10–17 yrs) three small portable wireless contact‐electrode bioimpedance analysis (BIA) systems designed for personal body composition analysis.Three hand‐held multifrequency devices were evaluated that included four electrode configurations (palm‐to‐palm [PP], two finger‐to‐finger [FF], and palm‐to‐knee (PK)). Impedance (Z) values derived by the devices at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center were evaluated against corresponding electrical pathways measured using a gel‐electrode reference multifrequency BIA system (InBodyS10 [IB], Seoul, South Korea) in 110 (53 M, 57 F) healthy white (34 M, 35F), African American (12 M, 17 F), and other (7 M, 3 F) children ranging widely in body mass index. Additionally, the main traditional lean soft tissue mass (LST) and fat‐predictor variable height2/Z was examined relative to LST evaluated with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA; GE Lunar Prodigy, Madison, WI).There were strong correlations between the four prototype pathways at 50 KHz and the corresponding IB arm‐arm electrical pathway (R2, 0.90, 0.90, 0.96, and 0.91; p<0.0001, Table 1). Similarly, height2/Z (cm2/Ω) versus DXA LST (g) regions for the four‐prototype pathways yielded correlation coefficients (R2 0.88, 0.88, 0.92, and 0.90) that were similar to the reference InBody system for the PP, both FF, and PK pathways (all p<0.001, Table 2).The novel evaluated BIA systems as small form factor mobile devices thus show promise as a means of quantifying a child's body composition.Support or Funding InformationFunded by Samsung Research America

Correlation (R2)
LST
IB
FF1
PP
FF2
PK

LST

InBody
0.91

FF1
0.88
0.90

PP
0.88
0.91
0.90

FF2
0.92
0.96
0.94
0.92

PK
0.90
0.91
0.89
0.86

Summary of Regression Models

Analysis
Equation
R2
P

IB vs. FF1
y = 1.14× + 112.0
R2 = 0.90
P<0.0001

IB vs. PP
y = 1.10× + 96.5
R2 = 0.91
P<0.0001

IB vs. FF2
y = 1.09× + 71.0
R2 = 0.96
P<0.0001

IB vs. PK
y = 0.0016× − 1.5
R2 = 0.90
P<0.0001

Ht2/Z IB vs. DXA LST
y = 0.0012× − 2.8
R2 = 0.91
P<0.0001

Ht2/Z FF1 vs. DXA LST
y = 0.0008× + 1.2
R2 = 0.88
P<0.0001

Ht2/Z PP vs. DXA LST
y = 0.0009× + 1.4
R2 = 0.88
P<0.0001

Ht2/Z FF2 vs. DXA LST
y = 0.0010× − 0.4
R2 = 0.92
P<0.0001

Ht2/Z PK vs. DXA LST
y = 0.0016× − 1.5
R2 = 0.90
P<0.0001

Units: Ht, cm2; Z, ohms; LST, g
The Effects of Pedometer‐Metered Walking on Body Composition, Blood Glucose, Diet Alterations, Blood Pressure, and Waist‐to‐Hip Ratios in College‐Aged Participants‐A Pilot Study
Authors: Meeks Lauren , Reynaga Andy , Worland Corinne , Burns‐Whitmore Bonny 
Published: November 2023

Physical activity reduces fat mass, but if not practiced, the risk of obesity‐associated health problems and associated health care costs increase.We wished to determine the effects of pedometer‐metered walking in college‐aged participants on body composition, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), diet choices, and waist‐to‐hip ratios (WHR) within a 4wk period.Following informed consent, participants (N=29; 18.5< BMI <25.0) wore a pedometer for 4wks and recorded the number of daily steps. Body composition, FBG, BP, and waist and hip measurements were performed at baseline, week 1, and week 4. Three randomized 3‐day diet records were collected from participants. Daily motivational quotes were provided to (N=19) participants to determine if the number of steps walked changed.Significant decreases in waist (77.1cm ± 2.23cm to 74.5cm ± 2.03cm, p=0.002) and hip (99.8 ± 1.74cm to 99.0 ± 1.78, p=0.03) measurements were found. Results were not significant for body composition (however, fat free mass was p=0.06), FBG, BP, or those receiving motivational quotes. Decreased fruit intake (N=20) was observed in the second (p=0.007) and third (p=0.023) diet records.Waist and hip measurements decreased significantly at end of study, suggesting that monitored walking through the use of a pedometer results in physical abdominal changes. More research is needed to determine the effects of pedometer‐metered walking on diet choices.Support or Funding InformationFunded by: California Wellness Grant (SEES Scholar) and the Research, Scholarship and Creative Activities (RSCA) program (California State Polytechnic University, Pomona)
Defining Infant Rapid Weight Gain to Best Predict Subsequent Obesity
Authors: Eckhardt Cara L , Leo Michael C , Karanja Njeri 
Published: November 2023

Infant rapid weight gain (RWG) is a growth pattern defined as an increase in weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ) > 0.67, and has been identified as a potentially useful predictor of childhood obesity. However, the relevant literature is primarily based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth references rather than the currently recommended 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, and is inconsistent with respect to the age interval used to determine RWG. We used anthropometric data from n=38,515 singleton, live term births among Kaiser Permanente Northwest HMO members from 1996–2012 to address these concerns. We compared the prevalence of RWG using criteria varying by growth reference and three key age intervals. The prevalence of RWG was significantly different (Exact McNemar's significance probability <0.05) between growth references (CDC v. WHO) for all three age intervals tested: 0–6 months (31.8% v. 21.2%), 6–12 months (3.4% v. 17.1%) and 0–12 months (19.9% v. 27.0%). Significant Cochran's Q tests indicated that prevalence also differed significantly (p<0.05) by age interval within each growth reference. In a series of logistic regressions, RWG was modeled as a predictor of obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile using the CDC growth references recommended for this age group) at 36 months of age for the subset of children with follow‐up data (n=13,424) using each of the different sets of RWG criteria. While RWG, regardless of the criteria used, was a statistically significant independent variable within each model, the ROC curves associated with the models indicated that none of the RWG specifications performed as a strong screening tool for obesity at 36 months; the highest area under the ROC curve value using the CDC references was observed for the 6–12 month age interval (0.64), and was seen for the 0–12 month age interval using the WHO growth standards (also 0.64). Clearly the growth reference and age interval used to define RWG have implications for determining prevalence and for potential screening of subsequent obesity risk, highlighting the importance of using a consistent reliable definition of this measure in practice. Future work will explore differences by gender, and will determine whether the inclusion of potential confounders and interactions in predictive models would provide improvement in the validity of RWG as a screening tool for childhood obesity.Support or Funding InformationResearch Support: R03 HD075841
HERBS FG MATRIX FOR ADVANCE WOUND CARE THERAPY FOR DIABETIC, VENOUS, ARTELOUS ULCER
Authors: Izunobi Felicia Ukamaka , Einstein George P 
Published: November 2023

Over 6 million people in the United States is affected with chronic ulcer. The incidence is expected to as the population ages and as the number of individual with diabetes increase and approximately 15 to 25 % of diabetic patient will develop ulcers. The treatment of uleritic wounds has become a very challenging, most leading to amputation or death. The four cardinal signs of inflammation are (1) Rubor (redness),(2) Swelling, (3) Lost of function leading to acute or chronic ulcer. Most diabetic ulcers and bed sores heal by secondary intention – Here the wounds are chronic and as such there has been loss of tissues of the affected site and enlargement sideways and depth created by the loss of those tissues –including skins subcutaneous tissues and muscles or other fleshly tissues. Beta cells in the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas produces insulin which is responsible for the conversion of glucose into its usable and storage forms. In absence of insulin glucose or sugar will be there by presence and not there by function. The glucose by its physical presence and by lack of the chemical role of energy provision cause these ulcers. Managing the diabetes effectively also contributes a lot in the healing of the diabetic wound and ulcers.ConclusionThe Matrix by its presence soak away the glucose in the wounded tissues and the vessels around the wound, thereby enhancing wound healing. In other words it is like a cleanser to the wound which filters out the glucose that is hindering the healing of these wounds. There is a restoration of extracellular membrane which was damaged by nonenzymatic glycosylation, affecting both its structure and function. The inflammation which is response to the infection modified by changes in both chemotaxis and phagocytic function of the white blood cells is healed by application of the Matrix formula. Whether the cleansing or filtration process also extends to the bacteria's which complicates the wound healing is something to be looked into.Support or Funding InformationEinstein Medical Institute Corp. USA
An oral iron compound that decreases colon cancer cell growth
Authors: Scheers Nathalie M , Pereira Dora A , Powell Jonathan J 
Published: November 2023

In several murine studies, supplemental or fortificant iron, that is used for human consumption, has been shown to promote colon tumorigenesis in mice. How this translates to humans is not clear but deserves careful investigation. Here, we studied how different potential oral iron compounds affected the growth of human colon cancer cells. The growth rate of intestinal adeno‐carcinoma cells (Caco‐2 and HT29) was monitored until confluence. In addition, the expression of 87 different cancer‐related proteins were investigated by antibody arrays. Surprisingly, we identified an iron compound that actually limited the growth rate of human cancer cells and the array data indicate that changes in cell cycle control may be implicated. This compound could play a role in colorectal cancer prevention, perhaps even as a food fortificant, and merits further investigation.Support or Funding InformationThe Swedish Research Council Formas (grant no. 222‐2014‐417)
Oat Avenanthramides (AVA) Are Bioavailable in Humans after Acute Consumption of Oat Cookies
Authors: Zhang Tianou , Shao Jing , Gao Yike , Chen Chi , Yao Dan , Wise Mitchell , Kang Chounghun , Yeo Dongwook , Ji Li Li 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesAvenanthramides (AVA) are a group of diphenolic acids that are found only in oats and have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Although previous publications have reported AVA are bioavailable in humans, our study is the first to examine whether AVA are bioavailable in humans after acute consumption of oat cookies made with natural and non‐treated oat flour. We examined the metabolic fate of orally ingested oat AVA by measuring plasma AVA concentrations and their pharmacological characteristics.MethodsSixteen male and female non‐obese subjects were enrolled in a randomized, crossover trial. Subjects received three cookies made with oat flour containing high (229.6 mg/kg, H‐AVA) or low (32.7 mg/kg, L‐AVA) AVA on separate occasions. The H‐AVA cookie (7.2 mg/cookie; 21.6 mg total) contained 5.09 mg AVA‐A, 8.67 mg AVA‐B and 7.85 mg AVA‐C, whereas the L‐AVA (1.03 mg/cookie; 3.09 mg total) contained 0.57 mg AVA‐A, 0.95 mg AVA‐B and 1.55 mg AVA‐C. Subjects consumed the cookies in the morning after 10 h fast and blood samples were collected at 0 (baseline), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10h. Plasma total (conjugated and free) AVA were quantified with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometer (UPLC Q‐TOF‐MS), and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated and presented as mean±SD. Half life time (T1/2) was calculated through logarithmic transformation and elimination constant (Kel) was calculated using equation Kel=0.693/T1/2. At least three time points in elimination phase were required to calculate T1/2. All plasma concentrations used for estimation of PK parameters were above assay limit of quantitation.ResultsAVA‐A, ‐B and ‐C were present at the peak concentration (Tmax) in plasma at 2.50±1.2 h, 2.04±0.9 h and 2.29±1.0 h in H‐AVA and at 1.80±1.3 h, 1.50±1.5 h and 1.32±1.0 h in L‐AVA, respectively. Maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) for AVA‐A, ‐B and ‐C were 8.39±4.2 ng/ml, 8.44±2.3 ng/ml and 4.26±2.0 ng/ml in H‐AVA, and 1.98±1.3 ng/ml, 2.43±1.1 ng/ml and 1.33±0.7 ng/ml in L‐AVA, respectively (P<0.001). H‐AVA cookies led to significantly higher AVA‐A and ‐B than ‐C concentrations (P<0.05). Half‐life (T1/2), the time taken to fall to half initial value was 2.16±0.6 h, 4.23±0.8 h and 2.71±1.2 h in H‐AVA, and 2.44±0.8 h, 4.60±2.7 h and 2.87±1.4 h in L‐AVA, respectively (P<0.05, AVA‐B vs. AVA‐A or AVA‐C in H‐AVA).ConclusionsAVA found naturally in oats are bioavailable in humans. AVA‐B has the slowest elimination rate and highest half‐life compared to AVA‐A and AVA‐C, while AVA‐C has the lowest absorption rate.Support or Funding InformationThis study is sponsored by PepsiCo Nutrition.
Effects of Resveratrol Derivatives on Plasma Membrane Ca2+‐ATPase and Ca2+ Homeostasis in MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Peterson Joshua Allen , Kenealey Jason Donald 
Published: November 2023

Resveratrol (RES), a naturally occurring polyphenol found in grapes, peanuts, and berries, selectively facilitates apoptosis in cancer cells. The apoptotic activity of RES in tumor cells is, in part, due to a large, sustained increase in cytosolic calcium ion concentration. In properly functioning cells, plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA) extrudes excess calcium from the cytosol to the extracellular space. PMCA prevents toxically high levels of calcium from accumulating in the cytosol and maintains cytosolic calcium homeostasis. Via a recently developed PMCA activity assay that utilizes live cell fluorescence imaging, we found that RES inhibits PMCA. Because we have seen in past experiments that altering the hydroxyl groups in RES modifies the cytosolic calcium response, we performed a structure‐function experiment to determine which RES hydroxyl groups are most important to PMCA inhibition. In order to identify the structurally important components of RES, we conducted PMCA activity experiments using RES derivatives p‐hydroxystilbene, pinosylvin, piceatannol, and oxyresveratrol. We have determined the role of RES hydroxyl groups in inhibiting PMCA activity in the human breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231.Support or Funding InformationBrigham Young University, College of Life Sciences Startup Grant
Inhibitory Effects of Red Raspberry Polyphenols on Osteoclastogenesis in RANKL‐Stimulated RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages
Authors: Thomas Amber , South Sanique , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan , Vijayagopal Parakat , Juma Shanil 
Published: November 2023

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts regulate skeletal mass, structure, and strength via their respective roles in resorbing and forming bone. Osteoclasts, the cells associated with breakdown of bone, are stimulated by a cytokine known as RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. Polyphenols such as flavonoids found in plant‐derived foods have demonstrated anti‐inflammatory effects in various tissues. Red raspberries are a rich source of such polyphenolic compounds. Using mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7), we examined whether red raspberry polyphenols (RRP) could inhibit the proliferation and activity of RANKL‐induced osteoclastic cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and staining of TRAP positive multinucleated osteoclasts, used as indicators of osteoclast differentiation and activity, decreased in a dose dependent manner with RRP treatment. Although, nitrite concentrations were not influenced by RRP treatment, there was a reduction in interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 with RPP demonstrating its anti‐inflammatory role in bone cells. Western blot analyses showed a dose‐dependent reduction in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) by RRP indicating that the polyphenols act to retrain the RANKL mediated osteoclastogenesis. Overall, these findings suggest that the polyphenols associated with red raspberry would inhibit the negative effects of osteoclasts on bone health. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RRP affect osteoclastogenesis.Support or Funding InformationSupported by funds from the Undergraduate Research Microgrant Program at Texas Woman's University. Lyophilized red raspberry was generously provided by Van Drunen Farms.
Phyllodulcin as a sugar complement exerts anti‐diabetic effects in db/db mouse
Authors: Kim Eunju , Yoo Sang‐Ho , Kim Yuri 
Published: November 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease and characterized by insulin resistance, and is frequently accompanied by obesity or overweight. Phyllodulcin, a dihydroisocoumarin, is a well‐known sweetener in Hydrangea macrophylla var. The aim of study was to evaluate the anti‐diabetic potential of phyllodulcin in C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice. In the present study, male mice were randomized into five groups; (1) a control group of C57BL/6 mice that received AIN93G (Ctrl), (2) a diabetic control group of C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice that received AIN93G (DB), (3) a 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of stevioside supplemented DB mice (SVS 20), (4) a 10 mg/kg b.w. of phyllodulcin supplemented DB mice (P 10), and (5) a 20 mg/kg b.w. of phyllodulcin (P 20) supplemented DB mice (P 20). The water and food intake was significantly lower in the SVS 20, P10 and P20 group compared to that of DB group. Phyllodulcin supplementation suppressed the levels of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. In addition, the plasma TG levels in the SVS 20, P 10 and P 20 groups were significantly lower than that of DB group. Furthermore, the expression phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) was significantly lower in stevioside and phyllodulcin supplementation group and the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GUT4) was significantly higher in phyllodulcin supplemented group. In conclusion, phyllodulcin may be useful for improving blood glucose intolerance and abnormalities of diabetic conditions.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by High Value‐added Food Technology Development Program (Project number: 313024‐03‐2‐HD040), Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea), and Brain Korea 21 Plus (Project No. 22A20130012143).