bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Training and Validation Weaknesses in Classification-Based Radiation Fog Nowcast Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Vorndran Michaela , Schütz Adrian , Bendix Jörg , Thies Boris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Large inaccuracies still exist in accurately predicting fog formation, dissipation, and duration. To improve these deficiencies, machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly used in nowcasting in addition to numerical fog forecasts because of their computational speed and their ability to learn the nonlinear interactions between the variables. Although a powerful tool, ML models require precise training and thoroughly evaluation to prevent misinterpretation of the scores. In addition, a fog dataset’s temporal order and the autocorrelation of the variables must be considered. Therefore, classification-based ML related pitfalls in fog forecasting will be demonstrated in this study by using an XGBoost fog forecasting model. By also using two baseline models that simulate guessing and persistence behavior, we have established two independent evaluation thresholds allowing for a more assessable grading of the ML model’s performance. It will be shown that, despite high validation scores, the model could still fail in operational application. If persistence behavior is simulated, commonly used scores are insufficient to measure the performance. That will be demonstrated through a separate analysis of fog formation and dissipation, because these are crucial for a good fog forecast. We also show that commonly used blockwise and leave-many-out cross-validation methods might inflate the validation scores and are therefore less suitable than a temporally ordered expanding window split. The presented approach provides an evaluation score that closely mimics not only the performance on the training and test dataset but also the operational model’s fog forecasting abilities.

Significance Statement
This study points out current pitfalls in the training and evaluation of pointwise radiation fog forecasting with machine learning algorithms. The objective of this study is to raise awareness of 1) consideration of the time stability of variables (autocorrelation) during training and evaluation, 2) the necessity of evaluating the performance of a fog forecasting model in direct comparison with an independent performance threshold (baseline model) that evaluates whether the fog forecasting model is better than guessing, and 3) the fact that prediction of fog formation and dissipation must be evaluated separately because a model that misses all of these transitions can still achieve high performance in the commonly used overall evaluation.
The visibility of research within mandatory National Health Service Trust Induction programmes in England: an exploratory survey study
Authors: Menzies Julie , Grieve Sharon , Ainsworth Lucy , Sharman Victoria , Smith Vikki , Henshall Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Background: Mandatory NHS Trust induction programmes are an integral part of staff orientation processes. Although research is recognised as fundamental to high-quality care, little data exist regarding whether research information is included within hospital induction. Methods: Two online national surveys were developed, with the aim of identifying Trusts which included research within their mandatory induction programme. Survey 1 was distributed to Research and Development managers across England ( n = 201). Survey 2 collated information on the research content and delivery methods of induction material. The work was classified as a service evaluation and reported in accordance with CHERRIES reporting standards. Results: Survey 1 generated 124 unique responses (61% response rate). Thirty-nine percent of Trusts ( n = 48) featured information about research delivery and 24% ( n = 30) about training or support to develop clinical academic careers. There was wide variation in how materials were delivered, by whom and for how long. Conclusions: Currently research has a limited profile within English NHS Trust mandatory induction programmes. This needs to be addressed if research is truly to be considered part of the core National Health Service business. Guidance or a modifiable template could help Trusts communicate about research delivery and clinical academic development and training to all new employees.
Effect of herbivore stress on transgene behaviour in maize crosses with different genetic backgrounds: cry1Ab transgene transcription, insecticidal protein expression and bioactivity against insect pests
Authors: Lohn André Felipe , Trtikova Miluse , Chapela Ignacio , van den Berg Johnnie , du Plessis Hannalene , Hilbeck Angelika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Decades after their first commercial release, many theoretical assumptions are still taken for granted in the deployment of genetically modified (GM) crops. Theoretically, in the case of maize, active transcription of the cry1Ab transgene would result in dose-dependent production of the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein, which would in turn induce dose-dependent mortality on lepidopteran pests. We produced data to realistically approach this question by using a model that includes two genetic background contexts from two geographical provenances in Brazil and South Africa, and two lepidopteran pests (Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera littoralis). However, in this study, the effect of insect herbivory was superimposed to investigate possible stress-induced effects in transgene expression at three levels: mRNA, protein and bioactivity.

Results
Overall, we found that herbivore damage by H. armigera was reflected only at the translational level, with a higher level of Cry1Ab protein measured in the Brazilian crosses under herbivore stress. On the other hand, compared to non-stress growing conditions, the herbivore damage by S. littoralis was not directly reflected in mRNA, protein or bioactivity in the South African crosses.

Conclusions
The differences between South African and Brazilian genetic backgrounds, and between the stressor effect of the two herbivores used, highlight the complexity of transgene expression at the agroecological level.
Resuming anti-TNF therapy after development of miliary tuberculosis in Behcet’s disease-related uveitis: a case report
Authors: Toriu Chika , Tsubota Kinya , Usui Yoshihiko , Goto Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is no consensus concerning restarting anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy for uveitis after treatment for active tuberculosis (TB). We report a case of Behcet disease (BD) in which treatment with TNF inhibitor was successfully resumed after treatment for miliary TB.

Case report
A 48-year-old Japanese male was treated for uveitis of unknown aetiology in the left eye at a general ophthalmology clinic. He was referred to Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital because of macula oedema (ME) not responding to prednisolone (PSL) 20 mg. BD was diagnosed based on fluorescein angiographic findings of diffuse retinal vasculitis characteristic of BD, recurrent oral aphthous ulcer, erythema nodosum-like rash in his legs, and HLA-A26 positivity. After a screening test, adalimumab (ADA) was started as steroid-sparing therapy. Eight months after starting ADA, the patient was diagnosed with miliary TB. ADA and PSL were discontinued immediately due to TB. Anti-TB treatment was completed after 6 months based on clinical improvement, although T-SPOT.TB was still positive. Infliximab with isoniazid was started due to relapse of ME, worsened vitreous haze, and worsened visual acuity in his left eye. Subsequently, his ocular symptoms subsided and there was no relapse of TB.

Conclusion
This case suggests that in patients with BD who have discontinued anti-TNF therapy due to miliary TB, restarting anti-TNF therapy may be a therapeutic option after TB has been treated appropriately with careful monitoring for relapse.
Genome assembly of Erythrophleum Fordii, a special “ironwood” tree in China
Authors: Wen Chang-Yu , Lian Ju-Yu , Peng Wei-Xiong , Wang Zheng-Feng , Yang Zhi-Gang , Cao Hong-Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesErythrophleumis a genus in the Fabaceae family. The genus contains only about 10 species, and it is best known for its hardwood and medical properties worldwide.Erythrophleum fordiiOliv. is the only species of this genus distributed in China. It has superior wood and can be used in folk medicine, which leads to its overexploitation in the wild. For its effective conservation and elucidation of the distinctive genetic traits of wood formation and medical components, we present its first genome assembly.Data descriptionThis work generated ~ 160.8 Gb raw Nanopore whole genome sequencing (WGS) long reads, ~ 126.0 Gb raw MGI WGS short reads and ~ 29.0 Gb raw RNA-seq reads usingE. fordiileaf tissues. Thede novoassembly contained 864,825,911 bp in theE. fordiigenome, with 59 contigs and a contig N50 of 30,830,834 bp. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) revealed 98.7% completeness of the assembly. The assembly contained 471,006,885 bp (54.4%) repetitive sequences and 28,761 genes that coded for 33,803 proteins. The protein sequences were functionally annotated against multiple databases, facilitating comparative genomic analysis.
The perceptions of food service staff in a nursing home on an upcoming transition towards a healthy and sustainable food environment: a qualitative study
Authors: Hoefnagels Femke A. , Patijn Olga N. , Meeusen Marieke J. G. , Battjes-Fries Marieke C. E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Healthy and sustainable food environments are urgently needed, also in nursing and residential care homes. Malnutrition in care homes is becoming an increasing problem as populations worldwide are ageing and many older people do not consume sufficient protein, fibre, fruit, and vegetables. Nursing homes also often experience a lot of food waste. A transition in the food environment like a nursing home, involves the participation of facility management and food service staff members. This study aims to map out their perceived barriers and facilitators for this transition.

Methods
A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with food service staff members (n = 16), comprising of kitchen staff (n = 4), wait staff (n = 10), and facility management (n = 2) of two nursing homes in the Netherlands. Thematic analysis was used to derive content and meaning from transcribed interviews.

Results
Four main themes were identified. Theme 1: ‘Communication, transparency and accountability in the chain’, highlighting the lack of effective communication flows and a fragmented overview of the food service chain as a whole. Theme 2: ‘Understanding, knowledge and ability of the concepts healthy and sustainable’, revealing the gap in staff’s understanding of these abstract concepts, despite perceiving themselves as having sufficient knowledge and ability. Theme 3: ‘The pampering service mind-set’, highlighting the contradiction in the staff’s shared goal of proving the highest quality of life for residents while also pampering them in ways that may not align with promoting healthy and sustainable food choices. Theme 4: ‘Transition is important but hard to realize’, describing the barriers such as existing routines and a lack of resources as challenges to implementing changes in the food service.

Conclusions
Facilitators to transitioning nursing homes towards a healthy and sustainable food environment as perceived by staff members included transparent communication, accountability in the food supply chain, staff’s perceived ability and shared goal, while barriers included lack of understanding of the concepts healthy and sustainable, the current pampering mindset, and top-down decision-making. These findings provide valuable insights for nursing homes seeking to transition towards a healthier and more sustainable food environment.
Identification of LDLR mutation in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis co-existing with dural arteriovenous fistulas: a case report
Authors: Li Qing-hua , Xu Li-quan , Dong Qiang , Chu He-ling , Tang Yu-ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is typically associated with a prothrombotic state of the blood, with its causative factors varying widely. Prior research has not reported the simultaneous occurrence of CVST and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) as potentially resulting from genetic mutations. In this case report, we introduce a unique occurrence wherein a patient with a heterozygous mutation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene presented with CVST in conjunction with DAVFs.

Case
Presentation: A male patient, aged 51, sought treatment at our facility due to a consistent decline in cognitive functions accompanied by recurrent headaches. Comprehensive evaluations were administered, including neurological examinations, laboratory tests, magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography, and whole exome sequencing. Digital subtraction angiography identified DAVFs in the patient’s right sigmoid sinus and an occlusion within the left transverse sinus. The whole exome sequencing of blood samples pinpointed a heterozygous mutation in the LDLR gene (NM_000527:exon12:c.C1747T:p.H583Y). Following the confirmed diagnosis of CVST and DAVFs, the patient underwent anticoagulant therapy combined with endovascular procedures — these comprised embolization of the arteriovenous fistula in the right sigmoid sinus and balloon dilation with stent implantation in the left transverse sinus. A six-month follow-up indicated a significant abatement in the patient’s symptoms.

Conclusions
This report marks the first documented case of an LDLR gene mutation that could be associated with the onset of CVST and DAVFs. The mutation in the LDLR gene might foster a prothrombotic environment, facilitating the gradual emergence of CVST and the subsequent genesis of DAVFs.
Reliability and reproducibility of CBCT assessment of mandibular changes before and after treatment for Class III growing patients – an easy and quick way for evaluation
Authors: Hu XiaoYing , Cheung Gary Shun Pan , Zhang YiYang , Sun RuoNan , Dong FuSheng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of a 3-dimensional (3D) assessment method for mandibular changes of growing patients after orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion.Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed before and after orthodontic treatment for 27 patients. During the scan, the patient was positioned such that his/her mandibular plane was parallel to floor. Three observers independently worked on the DICOM data, reconstructed the pre- and post-treatment 3D models in software, selected the stable anatomical structures (basal bone area from the lingual surface of the symphysis to the distal aspect of the first molars) to guide the automated superimposition process. Then, each observer registered 14 anatomical landmarks on the virtual models, for three times after suitable interval, to generate 3 sets of coordinates; the mean was taken as the coordinates for that particular landmark. The intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of the method were analyzed.Results The ICCs was > 0.90 for 25 (92.6%) of the intraobserver assessments. The precision of the measurement method was < 0.3 mm in 24 (88.9%) cases. The interobserver reproducibility errors were < 0.3 mm in 21 of the 27 cases.Conclusions The intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of 3D assessment of mandibular changes using the virtual models were excellent.
A qualitative exploration of forensic pathology service staff perceptions of the implementation barriers and facilitators of manual- and electronic injury mortality surveillance system methods in South Africa
Authors: Arendse N. , Goolam Nabi Z. , van Niekerk A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Injury mortality surveillance systems are critical to monitor changes in a population’s injury outcomes so that relevant injury prevention responses may be adopted. This is particularly the case in South Africa, where the injury burden is nearly twice the global rate. Regular evaluations of surveillance systems are pivotal to strengthening surveillance capacity, performance, and cost effectiveness. The National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) is an injury mortality surveillance system that is currently focused in Mpumalanga and utilises manual and electronic web-based systems for data collection. This study explored Forensic Pathology Service (FPS) staff perceptions of the implementation barriers and facilitators of manual- and electronic injury mortality surveillance system methods.

Methods
A qualitative study was employed using purposive sampling. Forty-seven participants, aged 29 to 59 years comprising 31 males and 16 females were recruited across 21 FPS facilities that serve the province. The formative evaluation occurred over the November 2019 to November 2022 period. Twelve focus group discussions were thematically analysed to determine emerging themes and patterns related to the use of the system using the WHO surveillance system guidelines as a framework.

Results
The key themes concerning the barriers and facilitators were located along WHO attributes of simplicity, acceptability, timeliness, flexibility, data quality and stability. Distinctions between the manual and e-surveillance systems were drawn upon across the attributes highlighting their experience with the system, user preference, and its contextual relevance. With Mpumalanga predominantly rural, internet connectivity was a common issue, with most participants consequently showing a preference for the manual system, even though the electronic system’s automated internal validation process was of benefit. The data quality however remained similar for both methods. With program stability and flexibility, the manual system proved more beneficial as the dataset was reported to be easily transferrable across computer devices.

Conclusion
Obtaining FPS perceptions of their experiences with the system methodologies are pertinent for the enhancement of injury surveillance systems so to improve prospective engagements with the systems. This will facilitate timely and accurate injury mortality information which is vital to inform public policy, and injury control and prevention responses.
Efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula in patients with acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Liming , Lu Ye , Deng Mingming , Zhang Qin , Bian Yiding , Zhou Xiaoming , Hou Gang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute heart failure (AHF) is often associated with diffuse insufficiency and arterial hypoxemia, requiring respiratory support for rapid and effective correction. We aimed to compare the effects of high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC) with those of conventional oxygen therapy(COT) or non-invasive ventilation(NIV) on the prognosis of patients with AHF.

Methods
We performed the search using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases from the inception to August 31, 2023 for relevant studies in English and Chinese. We included controlled studies comparing HFNC with COT or NIV in patients with AHF. Primary outcomes included the intubation rate, respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and oxygenation status.

Results
From the 1288 original papers identified, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 1333 patients were included. Compared with COT, HFNC reduced the intubation rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14–0.58, P = 0.0005), RR (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.73 95% CI: -0.99 – -0.47, P < 0.00001) and HR (SMD: -0.88, 95% CI: -1.07 – -0.69, P < 0.00001), and hospital stay (SMD: -0.94, 95% CI: -1.76 – -0.12, P = 0.03), and increase arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), (SMD: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.70–1.06, P < 0.00001) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 [%], SMD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.34–1.06, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in intubation rate, RR, HR, arterial blood gas parameters, and dyspnea scores between the HFNC and NIV groups. Compared with COT, HFNC effectively reduced the intubation rate and provided greater clinical benefits to patients with AHF. However, there was no significant difference in the clinical prognosis of patients with AHF between the HFNC and NIV groups.

Trial registration
PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42022365611).
Increasing serum miR-409-3p predicts the major adverse cardiac adverse events in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Sun Zhengtao , Cheng Kai , Jin Guochao , Jia Jian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are critical complications responsible for the morbidity and mortality of elderly hip fracture patients. There was an urgent need to explore an effect biomarker for predicting MACE in elderly patients receiving hip fracture surgery.

Objective
This study focused on an age-related miRNA, miR-409-3p, and assessed its significance in elderly hip fracture patients.

Methods
A total of 267 hip fracture patients were enrolled in this study including 104 elderly patients (age ≥ 60 years). All patients were followed up for 1 year to monitor the occurrence of MACE. The risk factors for the occurrence of MACE were evaluated by the logistic regression analysis.

Results
Elderly age and reduced cardiac and renal function were identified as risk factors for MACE in hip fracture patients. Elderly patients also showed a high incidence of MACE. In elderly hip fracture patients, significant upregulation of miR-409-3p was observed, which was associated with patients’ elderly age, higher level of revised cardiac risk index (RCRI), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and higher levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and high sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI). Additionally, miR-409-3p was identified as an independent factor for the MACE in elderly patients received hip fracture surgery.

Conclusion
Upregulated miR-409-3p was an age-related miRNA and could predict the occurrence of MACE in elderly hip fracture patients.
Mechanisms underlying linear ubiquitination and implications in tumorigenesis and drug discovery
Authors: Li Jack , Liu Sijin , Li Shitao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLinear ubiquitination is a distinct type of ubiquitination that involves attaching a head-to-tail polyubiquitin chain to a substrate protein. Early studies found that linear ubiquitin chains are essential for the TNFα- and IL-1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. However, recent studies have discovered at least sixteen linear ubiquitination substrates, which exhibit a broader activity than expected and mediate many other signaling pathways beyond NF-κB signaling. Dysregulation of linear ubiquitination in these pathways has been linked to many types of cancers, such as lymphoma, liver cancer, and breast cancer. Since the discovery of linear ubiquitin, extensive effort has been made to delineate the molecular mechanisms of how dysregulation of linear ubiquitination causes tumorigenesis and cancer development. In this review, we highlight newly discovered linear ubiquitination-mediated signaling pathways, recent advances in the role of linear ubiquitin in different types of cancers, and the development of linear ubiquitin inhibitors.