bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prenatal diagnosis of oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia or the Goldenhar syndrome
Authors: De Catte L. , Laubach M. , Legein J. , Goossens A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of the sonographic detection of oculoauriculouertebral dysplasia in a fetus at 1.5 weeks' gestation. An early diagnosis was suggested by observation of a maxillar cleft in association with unilateral microphthalmia. In the presence of microphthalmia the syndrome is likely to include mental retardation. When the diagnosis is made in the perinatal period, management generally involves cosmetic surgery. If; however, the condition is recognized in the early stages of gestation, termination of pregnancy may be an option. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Development of the fetal tongue between 14 and 26 weeks of gestation: in utero ultrasonographic measurements
Authors: Achiron R. , Ben Arie A. , Gabbay U. , Mashiach S. , Rotstein Z. , Lipitz S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to establish nomograms for fetal tongue measurements from 14 weeks until mid‐gestation by using transvaginal and transabdominal high‐resolution ultrasound techniques. A prospective, cross‐sectional study was performed on 120 normal singleton pregnancies between 14 and 26 weeks of gestation. Tongue circumference was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography between 14 and 17 weeks, and by abdominal ultrasound between 18 and 26 weeks of gestation. Fetal tongue circumference, as a function of gestational age, was expressed by the regression equation: tongue circumference (mm) = −23.9 + 3.75 × gestational age (weeks). The correlation,r
2 = 0.95, was found to be highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The normal mean of tongue circumference per week and the 95% prediction limits were defined. During the study period we evaluated two cases with tongue circumference outside these 95% confidence limits: one had microglossia, the other macroglossia, and both were found to be associated with abnormal fetal karyotype. The presented normative data may be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of suspected congenital syndromes that include, among their manifestations, tongue growth disturbances. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Abnormal fetal cardiac axis in the detection of intrathoracic anomalies and congenital heart disease
Authors: Crane J. M. , Ash K. , Fink N. , Desjardins C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a 14‐month period, 409 women with singleton gestations referred for perinatal ultrasound consultation underwent evaluation of the fetal cardiac axis. Cardiac and intrathoracic anomalies were confirmed either by neonatal echocardiography or autopsy. Overall, 32 fetuses had an abnormal axis (nine, smaller axis than normal; 23, larger axis than normal). Of the 29 found to have cardiac (n = 24) or intrathoracic (n = 5) anomalies, 23 had an abnormal axis. The median cardiac axis of the normal group (44.0°) was significantly smaller than that of the cardiac/intrathoracic anomaly group (60.0°) (p = 0.002). The cardiac axis was independent of gestational age. The mean interobserver variation was 1.3 ± 1.8°. The sensitivity of an abnormal axis (< 28° or > 59°) in detecting congenital heart disease or intrathoracic anomalies was 23/29 (79.3%), with specificity of 371/380 (97.5%), positive predictive value of 23/32 (71.9%), and negative predictive value of 371/377 (98.4%). Of those with a cardiac anomaly and an abnormal axis (n = 18), five were felt to have an initial normal four‐chamber view. An abnormal fetal cardiac axis, either larger or smaller than normal, is suggestive of a cardiac or intrathoracic anomaly and requires further investigation, such as fetal echocardiography. The cardiac axis should be considered with the four‐chamber view in fetal ultrasound evaluation. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Dandy–Walker malformation diagnosed before 21 weeks of gestation: associated malformations and chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Ulm B. , Ulm M. R. , Deutinger J. , Bernaschek G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study examined rates of concomitant structural and chromosomal abnormalities in 14 fetuses with a diagnosis of Dandy‐Walker malformation or Dandy‐Walker variant before 21 weeks' gestational age, compared to 14 fetuses with a diagnosis of Dandy–malformation or variant between 21 weeks' gestation and delivery. A total of 24 fetuses had Dandy–malformation and four had Dandy–variant. Eight of the fetuses with the malformation had ventriculomegaly: one of the fetuses with early diagnosis and seven with later diagnosis (p = 0.027). None of the fetuses with Dandy‐Walker variant had ventriculomegaly. The overall prevalence of concomitant structural abnormalities was 13/28; 8/l4 for fetuses with early prenatal diagnosis and 5/l4 for fetuses with late prenatal diagnosis of the malformation or the variant. Chromosomal abnormality rates were significantly higher among fetuses with early prenatal diagnosis (7/l 4) than among those with later prenatal diagnosis (l/l4; p = 0.032). Abnormal karyotypes were more prevalent among fetuses without ventriculomegaly (7/20), compared to fetuses with ventriculomegaly (l/8).We conclude that fetuses with an antenatal diagnosis of Dandy‐Walker malformation or Dandy‐Walker variant before 21 weeks' gestational age have worse prognosis than fetuses with a later prenatal diagnosis of the same defect. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Screening for fetal anomalies by ultrasound at 14 and 21 weeks
Authors: D'Ottauio G. , Meir Y. J. , Rustico M. A. , Pecile V. , Fischer‐Tamaro L. , Conoscenti G. , Natale R. , Mandruzzato G. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA prospective study of screening for fetal abnormalities and chromosomal defects was carried out by ultrasound examination at 13–l5 weeks of gestation and 20–22 weeks; the first scan was performed transvaginally and the second transabdominally. During a 4‐year period (1991–95), 3490 unselected consecutive pregnancies with a total of 3514 fetuses were examined. There were 21 chromosomally abnormal fetuses, including ten with trisomy 21, and, in 19 (90.5%), fetal defects were detected at the first and/or second ultrasound examination. The most effective marker for chromosomal defects was increased nuchal translucency thickness (≥ 4 mm) at the 13–15‐week scan, which was present in seven of the ten fetuses with trisomy 21 and in six of the 11 with other chromosomal abnormalities. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cystic hygrolma as an early first‐trimester ultrasound marker for recurrent Fryns' syndrome
Authors: Hösli I. M. , Tercanli S. , Rehder H. , Holzgreve W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case of a fetus who at a 12‐week ultrasound examination was shown to have a large cystic hygroma. Fryns' syndrome was suspected because the mother's previous pregnancy had been affected by the condition. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis at this early stage of gestation. In families with increased risk for Fryns' syndrome, first‐trimester ultrasound screening should be offered to exclude cystic hygroma as an ultrasound marker for this most often lethal malformation. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Normal fetal thyroid volume
Authors: Ho S. S. Y. , Metreweli C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA prospective study of 289 normal fetal thyroids was undertaken between 20 and 36 weeks of gestation in 289 mothers without any history of thyroid disease or maternal disease that could cause intrauterine growth restriction. The fetal thyroid volume was calculated by the ellipsoid equation, with the assumption that each lobe was an ellipse. A nomogram relating fetal thyroid volume to gestational age was established. The mean fetal thyroid volume was found to be 0.23 ± 0.18 cm3 (median 0.17 cm3; range 0.022–0.85 cm3 ). The ratio of fetal thyroid volume to estimated fetal weight (V/W ratio) (at 0.163 ± 0.079 cm3 /kg) was constant throughout gestation. The value was smaller than those of the child and the adult reported in other studies, indicating that fetal thyroid enlargement is likely to be underestimated if based on postnatal criteria. It was found that the mean fetal thyroid volume was significantly correlated with estimated fetal weight and gestational age, in which the former dominated the effect. The fetal thyroid increased in size much faster after 32 weeks, suggesting that evaluation of possible fetal goiter should take into account gestational age and the nomogram developed in this study. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The upper neck pouch sign: a prenatal sonographic marker for esophageal atresia
Authors: Kalache K. D. , Chaoui R. , Mau H. , Bollmann R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrenatal suspicion of esophageal atresia is usually based on the finding of a small or absent fetal stomach in association with polyhydramnios. As similar findings may be generated by other abnormalities, confirmation of the diagnosis is generally not possible until birth. We present a case in which the suspicion of esophageal atresia was raised in the 22nd week of pregnancy in the presence of a small stomach bubble associated with a persistent left superior vena cava. The diagnosis was confirmed 4 weeks later by direct visualization of the fluid‐filled blind‐ending esophagus during fetal swallowing, which we called the upper neck pouch sign. This is the first case in which the onset of this sonographic entity was specifically observed on serially repeated sonograms as early as the 22nd week. The appearance of this direct sign of esophageal atresia is described, and the literature is reviewed. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Antenatal diagnosis and management of a ranula
Authors: Fernandez Moya J. M. , Cifuentes Sulzberger S. , Díaz Recaséns J. , Ramos C. , Sanz R. , Perez Tejerizo G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a case of congenital ranula or retention salivary cyst diagnosed at 26 weeks of gestation. The fetal karyotype was obtained by amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, and was normal. Follow‐up ultrasound scans revealed no changes in the size or the position of the cyst. Surgical treatment was performed 2 days after a normal vaginal delivery, with excellent results. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Anomalous fetal venous return associated with major chromosomopathies in the late first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Matias A. , Montenegro N. , Areias J. C. , Brandão O. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report three cases of increased nuchal translucency at 12–13 weeks of gestation in three fetuses with trisomies 13, 18 and 21. All three fetuses were associated with anomalous venous return evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. Complete pathological examination was performed following termination in each case. We suggest that alterations in the venous compartment can be an early sign of poor outcome and should prompt a detailed search for cardiac defects early in gestation. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal ophthalmic artery Doppler velocimetry in normotensive pregnancies with small‐for‐gestational‐age infants
Authors: Hata T. , Miyazaki K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur purpose was to evaluate whether the maternal ophthalmic artery pulsatility index in normotensive pregnancies with small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses is different from that in normotensive pregnancies with appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetuses. The cross‐sectional study involved a group of normotensive pregnant women at > 34 weeks' gestation; 16 had fetuses that were AGA and 13 had fetuses that were SGA. Color and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography was performed in the ophthalmic arteries in each case and the pulsatility index and mean velocity were calculated. The heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were also recorded. The pulsatility index of the ophthalmic artery (2.04 ± 0.39) in normotensive pregnant women with SGA fetuses was significantly lower than that (2.87 ± 0.64) in normotensive pregnant women with AGA fetuses (p < 0.05). The mean velocity (15.0 ± 2.7 cm/s) in the women with SGA fetuses was significantly higher than that (10.2 ± 2.7 cm/s) in the women with AGA fetuses (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in maternal heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure between the groups. These results suggest that vascular resistance in the maternal orbital circulation is reduced in pregnancies that are normotensive but which are associated with SGA fetuses. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Alternative technique for Nd : YAG laser coagulation in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome with anterior placenta
Authors: Deprest J. A. , Van Schoubroeck D. , Van Ballaer P. P. , Flageole H. , Van Assche F. A. , Vandenberghe K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNd : YAG laser coagulation is used to treat severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTS). Success of the technique depends on visualization of the placenta, the fetal membranes and the targeted vessels, as well as obtaining an optimal inclination angle for laser coagulation. In the rare case of an extensive anterior placenta, it may be difficult to achieve these conditions using the percutaneous approach. Here, we propose an alternative to the percutaneous procedure. Modifications involve an open access and the use of a flexible cannula and bent scope. An extraplacental area, usually at the fundus, is identified by B‐mode and color Doppler imaging. A mini‐laparotomy is made under general anesthesia. The viscera are retracted and the cannula is inserted under direct view and ultrasound control by the Seldinger technique. The curved fiberscope is passed through the flexible cannula, allowing adequate inspection of the placenta, and target vessels can be coagulated at an angle close to 90°. After the procedure, the uterus is closed primarily to prevent postoperative leakage of amniotic fluid or hemorrhage. This technique has been successfully used in six patients with TTS and a completely anterior placenta, with a gestational age between 18.5 and 22.0 weeks. In all patients, the amniotic cavity was accessed without hemorrhage. The outcomes are similar to those published previously for laser coagulation. The mean interval from intervention until delivery was 10.5 weeks. All 12 fetuses were live born but four died from complications of extreme prematurity. No maternal complications occurred. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
An unusual presentation of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Zaki Z. M. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAbdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic gestation. When it occurs, its early diagnosis is difficult, owing to the atypical presentation and the low index of suspicion for the condition. The characteristic history is that of abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and symptoms related to the gastro‐intestinal tract. These symptoms are occasionally over‐looked and the diagnosis is often missed. The following report describes a case of a 12‐week abdominal pregnancy presenting as an acute abdomen with placental attachment to the anterior abdominal wall muscle. Transabdominal ultrasound was successfully used to make the diagnosis preoperatively. Surgical intervention resulted in removal of the complete sac together with the placental disc in toto. The important features of this rare but morbid condition are discussed, and the important role of sonographic imaging in cases of acute abdomen in pregnancy is stressed. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Low‐field dedicated magnetic resonance imaging: a potential tool for assisting perinatal autopsy
Authors: Langer B. , Choquet P. , Ravier S. , Gasser B. , Schlaeder G. , Constantinesco A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough the practice of perinatal autopsy has increased in recent years, examination of the fetus and especially of the fetal brain during the first trimester or the beginning of the second trimester remains difficult. Postmortem high‐resolution images of the brain of a normal and an abnormal fetus of the same gestational age (22 weeks) were obtained with a low‐field (0.1 T) dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. We demonstrated that a small MRI machine supplemented data from classical necropsy and may help in the interpretation of in utero ultrasound and magnetic resonance images for the antenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Antenatal diagnosis of isolated lissencephaly by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Greco P. , Resta M. , Vimercati A. , Dicuonzo F. , Loverro G. , Vicino M. , Selvaggi L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLissencephaly (agyria) is a cortical dysplasia associated with a disturbance in the migration of neocortical neurons. Because of abnormal sonographic findings in the brain of a 24‐week fetus, we carried out serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations which raised the suspicion of isolated lissencephaly. In the second trimester, an area of damage depicted as low‐intensity signals was identified by MRI inside the cortical parenchyma. In the same cortical area, agyria was detected later in pregnancy, and post‐natally calcification was observed by computerized tomography (CT) scan. We believe that ultrasound and targeted MRI examination can improve our understanding of some disorders of neuronal migration and that earlier diagnosis is feasible if both methods are employed and interpreted by sound criteria. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Abnormal ductus venosus blood flow: a clue to umbilical cord complication
Authors: Bäz E. , Zikulnig L. , Hackelöer B.‐J. , Hecher K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report a case of umbilical cord complication causing fetal hypoxemia and acidemia. At 30 weeks of gestation, the patient was referred because of slightly increased amniotic fluid volume and a non‐reactive cardiotocogram. Biometry was appropriate for gestational age. Umbilical artery and fetal aortic Doppler findings were normal, whereas diastolic blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery were increased and the ductus venosus showed severely abnormal flow velocity waveforms with reversal of flow during atrial contraction. Since other reasons for fetal hypoxemia could be excluded, careful examination of the umbilical cord was performed. Traction of the hypercoiled umbilical cord due to its course around the fetal neck and shoulders was suspected. Cesarean section confirmed the sonographic findings and fetal blood gases revealed fetal acidemia. This case indicates that investigation of fetal venous blood flow may also help to identify fetal jeopardy due to reasons other than increased placental vascular resistance. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The effect of the menstrual cycle on human cerebral blood flow: studies using Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Brackley K. J. , Ramsay M. M. , Broughton Pipkin F. , Rubin P. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated hemodynamic changes at different phases in the menstrual cycle, but the cerebral circulation has not been investigated. Our aim was to study carotid and cerebral blood flow during the menstrual cycle using Doppler ultrasound. Two different techniques of Doppler waveform analysis were used: standard Doppler indices and Laplace transform analysis (LTA), which may provide additional hemodynamic information.DesignThis was a prospective study of healthy volunteers who were providing pre‐conception data for a subsequent longitudinal study set in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nottingham University Hospital. Nineteen women were studied in the mid‐follicular and mid‐luteal phases of 27 ovulatory menstrual cycles. Doppler recordings were obtained from the internal and external carotid and middle cerebral arteries. The standard Doppler indices (systolic/diastolic ratio, pulsatility index and resistance index) and LTA parameters were calculated.ResultsThe standard Doppler indices were all significantly higher in the luteal compared to the follicular phase in the right middle cerebral artery (p < 0.05). However, no changes were seen in the standard indices in the carotid arteries or in any of the LTA parameters in any artery. Using the LTA, vessel wall stiffness was greater and absolute velocity of flow lower in the middle cerebral compared to the carotid arteries.ConclusionsIncreased ventilation and a subsequent lowering of alveolar CO2 pressure secondary to a raised progesterone level in the mid‐luteal phase could account for the observed changes within the middle cerebral artery. Under the conditions of this study the LTA appears less sensitive at detecting alterations in downstream resistance compared to the standard Doppler indices. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Echogenic bowel in fetuses with homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1 in the first and second trimesters
Authors: Lam Y. H. , Tang M. H. Y. , Lee C. P. , Tse H. Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveFetal echogenic bowel has been observed in fetuses with meconium peritonitis, cystic fibrosis, aneuploidy, congenital viral infection and intrauterine growth restriction. The pathogenesis of echogenic bowel is unknown, but it may be attributed to bowel ischemia. Fetuses affected by homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1 are severely anemic and hypoxic. We investigated the incidence of echogenic bowel in these hypoxic fetuses in the first and second trimesters.DesignProspective observational study.SubjectsWomen referred for the prenatal diagnosis of homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1 before 24 weeks' gestation.MethodsAll subjects had one or more abdominal and/or vaginal ultrasound examination between 12 and 24 weeks' gestation. Echogenic bowel was diagnosed if the bowel appeared either isoechogenic or more echogenic than the bone.ResultsBetween March 1997 and July 1998, 126 preg‐nancies were studied. Thirty‐six fetuses were confirmed to be affected by homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1, and 11 of them (31%, 95% CI 16–48%) had echogenic bowel. These observations were made before the invasive test results were available. None of the fetuses unaffected by homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1 had echogenic bowel.ConclusionThere is a strong association between homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1 and echogenic bowel. The pathogenesis is unknown. Speculations include bowel hypoperistalsis or bowel wall edema due to severe anemia and hypoxia. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology