bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Scoping Review
Authors: Preiksaitis Carl , Rose Christian 
Published: September 2023

Background
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly being utilized across various fields, with considerable interest and concern regarding their potential application in medical education. These technologies, such as Chat GPT and Bard, can generate new content and have a wide range of possible applications.

Objective
This study aimed to synthesize the potential opportunities and limitations of generative AI in medical education. It sought to identify prevalent themes within recent literature regarding potential applications and challenges of generative AI in medical education and use these to guide future areas for exploration.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review, following the framework by Arksey and O'Malley, of English language articles published from 2022 onward that discussed generative AI in the context of medical education. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. We screened articles for inclusion, extracted data from relevant studies, and completed a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the data.

Results
Thematic analysis revealed diverse potential applications for generative AI in medical education, including self-directed learning, simulation scenarios, and writing assistance. However, the literature also highlighted significant challenges, such as issues with academic integrity, data accuracy, and potential detriments to learning. Based on these themes and the current state of the literature, we propose the following 3 key areas for investigation: developing learners’ skills to evaluate AI critically, rethinking assessment methodology, and studying human-AI interactions.

Conclusions
The integration of generative AI in medical education presents exciting opportunities, alongside considerable challenges. There is a need to develop new skills and competencies related to AI as well as thoughtful, nuanced approaches to examine the growing use of generative AI in medical education.
Analisis proksimat, asam lemak dan asam amino pada pangan tradisional ikan lemuru dengan proses pengeringan berbeda [Proximate analysis, fatty acids and amino acids of lemuru fish traditional foods with variation of drying processes]
Authors: Singapurwa Ni Made Ayu Suardani 
Published: September 2023

Lemuru fish need preservation because it is easily damaged and only produced seasonally. Apart from its nutritional value as a source of essential protein to humans, lemuru fish is very cheap. Generally, the people of Jembrana Regency in Bali preserve it by processing it into seasoned dried fish known as “Pedetan”. Research carried out oven drying, sun drying, and direct sunlight to determine the best method for drying lemuru fish with and without spices. Results showed that the drying method had significant effects on proximate contents of lemuru fish. The lowest moisture content (7.31%) was obtained in the treatment of seasoned lemuru fish with oven drying. Oven-dried unseasoned fish had the highest protein content of 67.69%, while sun-dried fish, both seasoned and unseasoned samples, had the highest fat content with an average of 13.30%. The highest saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid, and the highest unsaturated fatty acid was cis-9 oleic acid. Meanwhile, the highest amino acid was the L-glutamic acid.
一個抗疫的分析框架
Authors: 何 懷宏 
Published: September 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
自2019年底，新冠病毒開始在全球傳播。本文就新冠病 毒提出四個基本的分析範疇：自然、人性、技術及權力。基於 這個基本範疇之間相互關係，作者認為，在過去三年的抗疫經 驗中，我們看到不同範疇的組合可以演繹出不同的對疫情的看 法以及抗疫的模式。在此論點上，作者分析界定疫情和抗疫理 論的可能性。
After the outbreak at the end of 2019, COVID-19 spread rapidly across the globe. This paper constructs a framework for analyzing the relationship between human beings and viruses comprising four basic categories: nature, human nature, technology, and political power. The paper shows that different interactions between these four basic categories influence the understanding of the meaning of pandemics and of how a pandemic like COVID-19 should be fought.
從道德心理學的進路初步探索「限肉令」的正當性
Authors: 楊 家頌 , 錢 展成 
Published: September 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文旨在初步探索「限肉令」作為應對傳染病大流行 和由工廠化畜牧業帶來的其他威脅的預防措施的正當 性。「限肉令」並非指全面禁肉，而是以法律限制市民的 人均肉品消耗量在滿足基本營養需求的範圍內。本文採用 的進路是緩解一些可能阻礙對此提案進行更宏觀、理性的思考 的潛在心理拘繫。此進路參考了福柯「日常經驗」(everyday experience) 的分析，和佛家倫理學回應全球環境倫理問題的策 略。我們先以香港社會為主要案例研究，檢視形成「肉是必需 的」一想法和嗜肉情結的社會模式。接著我們引入葷食心理學 研究，討論嗜肉情結如何成為正面考慮「限肉令」的障礙。我 們也嘗試回應一些反對此提案的理由，包括來自自由主義 (Liberalism) 的批評。
This paper explores the preliminary justifiability of a meat restriction order as a preventive measure against the risks of pandemic and other forms of harm posed by factory farming. A meat restriction order seeks to limit citizens’ meat consumption to the level of meeting individuals’ basic nutrient needs. Inspired by Michel Foucault’s analysis of “everyday experience” and Buddhist responses to global environmental issues, the paper investigates the social patterns that account for the formation of people’s meat commitment based on a study of Hong Kong society. The paper also addresses a number of objections to the proposal discussed in the paper, including the critique from liberalism.
Seroprevalence of serovars of pathogenic leptospira in dogs and red foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) from bosnia and herzegovina
Authors: Marić Jelena S. , Nedić Drago , Vejnović Branislav , Velić Lejla , Obrenović Sonja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in dogs and red foxes in the entity of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, after heavy rainfall and floods in 2014 and for the two years thereafter. The seroepidemiological study involved testing serum samples from dogs (n = 98) and foxes (n = 112) using MAT (microscopic agglutination test).
Antibodies to at least one Leptospira spp. serovar were found in 52.04% of the tested dogs. The dog seroprevalence in 2014 (81.25%) was significantly higher than in 2015 (51.42% p <0.0001) and 2016 (22.5% p<0.05). The highest seroprevalences were for serovars Australis (76.47%), Bratislava (70.58%), Sejroe (66.67%) and Autumnalis (45.09%).
Antibodies to at least one Leptospira spp. serovar were detected in 34.82% of the examined red foxes. In 2015, the fox seroprevalence was significantly higher (52.94%) than in 2016 (6.82%) (p <0.0001). The highest seroprevalences were for serovars Sejroe (64.10%), Bratislava (48.72%), Australis (43.59%) and Bataviae (25.64%).
The high seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in dogs and foxes determined during this study indicates the importance of these carnivores in maintaining leptospirosis in the study area, and the potential risk of infection for humans and other animal species that come into contact with these canids. The results obtained indicate that heavy rainfall and intense floods can result in increased Leptospira spp. infection in these canids.
Demographic factors and customers’ bank choice criteria
Authors: Schmidt-Jessa Katarzyna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main objective of the presented research is to verify the influence of demographic factors on retail customers’ bank selection criteria in Poland. We compiled descriptive and inferential statistics and did factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis. Our dataset is based on a sample of 515 questionnaires that were gathered in the first quarter of 2022. The results proved that there are significant differences among various groups of respondents and their bank selection criteria. The highest number of differences appear in the case of demographic factors of age, and then income and gender. In general, the most important factors are the cost of service and mobile and online banking. The study has direct implications for all types of banks that operate in developing markets, especially in East-Central Europe, as having this knowledge can help to appropriately target customers using bank selection criteria that are valued by different groups of customers.
Prevalence of aerobically growing opportunistic bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of pregnant women living in rural and urban areas
Authors: Andrzejczuk Sylwia , Frend Joanna , Tomczak Malgorzata , Cwiklak Julia , Krakowiak Natalia , Maciocha Magdalena , Pietras-Ozga Dorota , Dluski Dominik Franciszek 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The upper respiratory tract, including the nasopharynx, is inhabited by many microbial species. Still, the nasopharyngeal microbiota (or microbiome) of pregnant women is not well understood and may be influenced by a number of factors, including place of residence. Many changes occur during pregnancy, and their association with the respiratory microbiota is important for the health of the mother and for the developing fetus. The aim of this study was to compare the colonisation of the nasopharyngeal cavity by culturable aerobic bacteria in the microbiota of women with a physiological pregnancy course according to rural or urban place of residence. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 37 pregnant women (17 from rural and 20 from urban areas) to detect the colonisation of aerobically growing culturable bacteria. Isolates were identified using microbiological culture methods and the MALDI-TOF MS technique. Bacteria were colonisers of the nasopharynx cavity in all cases tested. Accordingly, 97.3% (36/37) of the pregnant women were colonised by Gram-positive bacteria, mainly coagulase-negative (CoNS) and -positive (CoPS) Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. in both the rural and urban groups. Gram-negative Klebsiella variicola, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas congelans colonised only 17.6% (3/17) of rural women and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia only 5.0% (1/20) of the urban women. To summarise, all pregnant women were colonised with bacteria in the nasopharyngeal cavity. The majority from both rural and urban residences were colonised with Gram-positive bacteria only. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated mainly from samples in the rural group.
Effects of Varying Tobacco Rod Circumference on Cigarette's Dynamic Ventilation Rate and Combustion State During Machine Smoking
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhao Wenkang , Deng Nan , Li Qiaoling , Qin Guoxin , Fu Lili , Zhang Yi , Zhang Ke , Yu Hongxiao , Liu Chuan , Suo Weiguo , Wu Lianlian , Dai Lu , Wang Le , Wang Bing , Li Bin 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Cigarette ventilation characteristics are one of the important design factors that affect the combustion state and therefore smoke release. In order to study the changes of ventilation characteristics and the combustion state of cigarettes with different rod circumferences during smoking, a device was designed that could flexibly measure the different ventilation characteristics along the cigarette rod. The device was utilized to measure the changes of the total ventilation rate and filter ventilation rate of cigarettes with different rod circumference in both burned and unburned conditions. At the same time, a test method was implemented to measure the temperature of the combustion coal puff-by-puff during the smoking process. The relationship between ventilation and the combustion state was analyzed on a per-puff basis. The results show that with the decrease of the rod circumference from 24 mm to 20 mm and 17 mm, the total ventilation rate under burning conditions changed considerably compared with unburned conditions, increasing by 55.7%, 60.5% and 74.5% on average, respectively. The ventilation of the cigarette paper played a major role in regulating the ventilation during puffing. With the increase from 17 mm to 24 mm in circumference, the combustion efficiency of the tobacco decreased as indicated by a range of thermophysical parameters of the burning coal.
Virtual Communities of Practice as a Knowledge Sharing Tool: Recommendations for International Business
Authors: Budrytė Monika , Vainauskienė Vestina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Knowledge sharing is essential for a person to grow individually and professionally. In recent years, international businesses have tended to realize the importance of having a good knowledge management system in place. The COVID-19 pandemic, back in 2020 brought a shift to the way of how companies operate with the majority turning to remote work. As a result, companies needed to adapt their knowledge sharing strategies to more remote possibilities. To guarantee that the employees are sharing their knowledge and are able to learn from others, more businesses started to adopt innovative tools for knowledge sharing. One of such tools is virtual communities of practice that brings a chance for employees to have a collaborative tool where they are connected with likeminded people. The objective of this article is to provide recommendations for ensuring knowledge sharing through virtual communities in international business organizations. To achieve this objective, potential knowledge sharing practices in the context of international business are discussed. Additionally, an original research methodology based on virtual ethnography for identi fying knowledge sharing practices in an international business organization is presented, and the qualitative research findings are discussed and interpreted.
Spatial Distance and Representation in Closed PR List: Revisiting the U-Curve Argument
Authors: Bursać Dejan , Radujko Dušan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The authors are testing the patterns of geographical representation in single nationwide district closed-list PR systems, in the framework of an earlier study made by Latner and McGann (2005), who suggested that MPs mostly reside in central metropolitan areas, as well as in distant regions, to the detriment of descriptive representation of areas adjacent to the capital. In this way, spatial distance serves as an incentive for parties to nominate lists comprised mostly of candidates from metropolitan urban centres who can easily reach the mid-distance municipalities for campaigning and constituency service, but also of those candidates residing in peripheral regions in which there is some sort of political or ethno-cultural saliency, prompting the voters to prefer their local candidates over capital city politicians. Authors are offering a novel approach of measuring and comparing spatial distance to the data on representation of local administrative units and regional subdivisions of four countries (Montenegro, Netherlands, Serbia and Slovakia). While the findings indeed indicate overrepresentation of capital cities and underrepresentation of neighbouring areas, the representation of peripheral areas is not significantly pronounced and seemingly depends more on a contextual case-to-case basis than on a general pattern related to spatial distance producing political or ethno-cultural saliency.
From Respect to Nazi Allusions: The Changing Emotional Climates of Fidesz Towards Germany after 1990
Authors: Hettyey András 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to enhance our understanding of the foreign policy of Hungary by looking at the emotional underpinnings of the relationship between Fidesz and Germany. Inspired by the ‘emotional turn’ in social sciences in general, and IR in particular, this paper charts the changing ways in which Fidesz politicians (both in government and opposition) have perceived Germany and German politics on an emotional level since 1990. We show how a mostly positive emotional climate before 2010 slowly turned into anger, culminating in repeated allusions to Germany’s Nazi past. The main question is: how can we account for the fluctuations in the way Fidesz politicians have perceived Germany over the past three decades? While ‘rational’ policy disagreements have certainly played a part (i.e. on migration), they cannot explain on their own the ever intensifying anger on the part of Fidesz decision-makers, especially as the two countries are still close political and economic partners and share a wide range of common interests. Complementing rational approaches, we propose that ‘collective narcissism’ informs the general emotional disposition of key Fidesz figures since 2014, leading to a continuing estrangement between the successive Orbán governments and its German partners.
The Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry in the Austrian National Council – Influence and Impact from the Perspective of the Austrian National Council Members
Authors: Keppel Matthias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Committees of inquiry in the Austrian National Council gained a significant upgrade through a reform in 2015: for the first time, a parliamentary minority can now demand the establishment of a committee of inquiry. This reform meant not only a strengthening of control rights, but also an increase in parliamentary investigations in Austria. The aim of this article is to shed light on the parliamentary perspective and to deepen the understanding of investigative committees. In this way, it is to be shown which potentials, but also weaknesses, can be found in the investigative instrument from the MPs’ point of view. A first-time survey of members of committees of inquiry showed that the perceptions of the reform and the democratic benefits differed greatly between the governing party ÖVP and the opposition party SPÖ. The increasing polarisation of the political debate also led to a further divergence in the approval or rejection of the investigative instrument. These developments may not only result in a weakening of the investigative instrument, but also directly challenge parliamentary democracy.
Frames and sentiments of the Twitter communication by German Chancellor Scholz during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Nisch Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In a complex information environment, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine presents a major challenge to the communication of political leaders throughout the world. The objective of this article is to analyse the frames and sentiments used by German chancellor Olaf Scholz, employing a novel data set of his Twitter communication (N = 612) during the Russian invasion of Ukraine between 24 February 2022 and 24 February 2023. A combination of computational text analysis approaches with natural language processing (NLP) techniques was used, including the Valence Aware Dictionary and the sentiment Reasoner (VADER) model for sentiment analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modelling. This research investigates the prevalent frames and emotions in the chancellor’s communication, providing valuable insights into the German government’s stance and strategic communication during this critical geopolitical event. The results of the study revealed that the chancellor used the frames ‘effects of the Ukraine invasion’, ‘climate & environment’, ‘solidarity’ and ‘Russian aggression’ and communicated with positive sentiments. By examining the chancellor’s Twitter communication, this study contributes to the understanding of political communication in the digital era, particularly in the context of international crises, and offers implications for policymakers, scholars and the broader public.
East-Asian lupus nephritis in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort
Authors: Petri Michelle , Fang Chenglong , Goldman Daniel W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objective
East Asian systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is under represented in lupus cohorts outside of East Asia. We asked whether lupus nephritis was more common and more severe in East Asians than in other ethnicities in a large United States SLE cohort.

Methods
The Hopkins Lupus Cohort, a longitudinal cohort of 2802 patients (53.5% Caucasian, 39.2% African-American, 3.2% East Asian) was studied. The SLICC/ACR Damage Index was used to assess renal outcomes. Results: East Asian patients had the same prevalence of lupus nephritis as African-Americans and both were higher than Caucasians. East Asians were not significantly different in frequency of end stage kidney disease compared with African-Americans. East Asians were more likely than Caucasians to have anti-Sm, low C3 and low C4. East Asians were more likely than African-Americans to have low C3 and low C4.

Conclusion
East Asians living in the United States were more likely to have lupus nephritis than Caucasians. Poor outcomes such as end stage kidney disease occurred at an equal frequency in East Asians as in African-Americans. Lupus nephritis was both more frequent and more severe in East Asians than in African-Americans.
A Tihanyi alapítólevél személynevei II.
Authors: Szentgyörgyi Rudolf 
Published: September 2023

This paper is part of the author’s series of papers presenting and analysing personal names in the Deed of Foundation of Tihany Abbey. In medieval Hungarian sources, three layers of hagionyms (‘saints’ names’) can be discerned: 1. Hagionyms proper. The denotatum of the name is the particular saint. 2. Patrocinies in the strict sense. These are created by metonymic extension of the saint’s name to the church (less frequently, the religious community) of which the saint is the patron. 3. Place names (typically names of settlements) based on patrocinies. Given that these three uses can be traced back to one another, in-between cases can also be found. In the text of the Deed of Foundation of Tihany Abbey, examples of all three types can be attested. Although it is a transitional case as far as its connotation is concerned, I take the following to be a hagionym proper: “sanctę marię sanctique aniani episcopi & confessoris (sc. ecclesia)” – ‘(church dedicated to) the Holy Virgin and St Anianus, bishop and confessor’. The following examples represent patrocinies in the strict sense: “quę simul ad sanctum clementem terminantur”– ‘both (roads) end at St Clement’; “tercia namque sancti mich(a)elis” – ‘the third (lake) belongs to St Michael’; and on the verso of the document: “sanct[ę] marię scilicet & sancti aniani” – ‘(ecclesiastic objects of) the Holy Virgin and St Anianus’. An instance of a settlement name based on a patrociny is the name of Tihany itself. We can observe that both the Deed of Foundation of Tihany Abbey and the medieval practice of writing charters in general use names of the first two types exclusively in Latin (alternatively, Greek), whereas names of settlements based on patrocinies are typically mentioned in Hungarian (or in the relevant vernacular). In this, medieval ecclesiastic and official use of names certainly follows the system of name use of theonyms.
A Százdi alapítólevél nyelv- és névtörténeti forrásértékéről
Authors: Kovács Éva 
Published: September 2023

The paper examines the Foundation Deed of Százd Abbey, an important, albeit until recently neglected, 11th-century linguistic record as a source for historical linguistics. Following an overview of the relevant literature, the paper studies the foundation and the estates of the Százd monastery, and also reports on the authenticity and the circumstances of the compilation of the charter. The author attempts to localize the building of the abbey and explains the etymology of the toponym Szá(s)z(d). Despite the 1067/1267 Foundation Deed of Százd Abbey being an interpolated charter (i.e. a charter including later insertions), through a recently coined new methodological approach (i.e. separating the chronological layers), the charter may be accepted as an important and authentic source in historical linguistics. The majority of the deed has been found genuine in the literature; later insertions have only been identified in the second part of the charter. A thorough examination of the 1067 charter and a systematic comparison with other 11th-century sources provides researches a picture of the language used in the second half of 11th century, the period in which the charter was compiled. As a result of the interdisciplinary nature of such research, the results of the survey may also be utilized in other disciplines focusing on the history of the Hungarian people.