bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interphase cytogenetics in paraffin sections of routinely processed hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortions
Authors: Van De Kaa Christina A. , Nelson Karin A. M. , Ramaekers Frans C. S. , Vooijs Peter G. , Hopman Anton H. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of complete (CM) and partial (PM) hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortions (HA) can be difficult when based on histology alone. Therefore, a more objective approach of chromosome ploidy analysis as detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed on 6 μm paraffin sections of seven cases, originally classified as three CM, two PM, and two HA with a histologic pattern suggestive of triploidy. Probes for repetitive DNA targets in the (peri)centromeric region of chromosomes 1 and X and in the q arm of chromosome Y were used to determine chromosome ploidy and sex chromosome composition. The findings in the three CM were consistent with diploidy: two copies of chromosomes 1 and X and none of chromosome Y. In the two HA with a histologic pattern suggestive of triploidy, three copies of chromosomes 1 and X and none of chromosome Y confirmed triploidy. Two cases originally classified as PM both appeared to have two copies of chromosome 1 with an XX pattern in one case and an XY pattern in the other case, which is consistent with diploidy instead of triploidy. After reviewing, both cases most likely represented CM. We conclude that interphase cytogenetics by ISH on paraffin sections of hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortions enables chromosome ploidy analysis with preservation of histological context. The important advantages of this procedure are (1) precise discrimination between maternal and trophoblast cells, (2) no risk of selecting certain cell types as a result of the isolation procedure, (3) detection and localization of cell subpopulations with heterogeneous DNA content, (4) determination of the contribution of a single chromosome (e.g., sex chromosome), and (5) access to archival material.
Expression of Epstein–Barr virus replicative proteins in aids‐related non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma cells
Authors: Pallesen Gorm , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen J. , Rowe Martin , Lisse Ida , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Sandvej Kristian , Young Lawrence S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection in lymphoproliferative lesions has been assumed to be strictly latent. In order to investigate the possible occurrence of EBV replication in AIDS‐related lymphoma (ARL) cells, we studied 13 cases by immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies to the EBV‐encoded switch‐protein BZLF1, early antigens (EAs), late replicative proteins [virus capsid antigens (VCAs) and membrane antigens (MAs)], and to the latent proteins EB nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA 2) and latent membrane protein (LMP). EBV genomes were detected by in situ hybridization. EBV genomes and/or gene products were demonstrated in ten cases, including all immunoblast‐rich lymphomas, two Burkitts lymphomas, and a T‐cell anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma. The BZLF1 protein, which disrupts latency in B cells, was identified in six (60 per cent), and EAs in four (40 per cent) of the EBV‐positive ARL. Only one lymphoma (10 per cent) expressed VCAs and MAs. EBNA 2 and LMP were detected in three (30 per cent) and eight (80 per cent) of EBV‐positive cases, respectively. EBV DNA was detected in lymphoma cells in 7 of 12 (58 per cent) cases. The most important finding of this study was frequent spontaneous activation of latent EBV in ARL. Production of complete virus, however, was either aborted, or tumour cells expressing late productive cycle proteins (VCA, MA) were rapidly cleared from tissues. It is suggested that host factors that normally inhibit replication of EBV are deficient in AIDS patients.
HPV in full thickness cervical biopsies: High prevalence in CIN 2 and CIN 3 detected by a sensitive PCR method
Authors: Arends Mark J. , Donaldson Yvonne K. , Duvall Edward , Wyllie Andrew H. , Bird Colin C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new type‐specific, sensitive, non‐radioactive assay is described for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in tissues. Sequences within the E6 gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primer pairs which clearly distinguish HPV types, including those with close sequency homology such as 6b and 11. The amplified DNA products were identified by non‐radioactive oligonucleotide hybridization and restriction endo‐nuclease mapping, and the method was sufficiently sensitive to detect between 3 and 5 SiHa cells (each containing 1–2) copies of (HPV 16 DNA) amongst 10 000 non‐HPV‐ containing cells. Frozen and archival paraffin sections were equally acceptable substrates for the reaction.The assay was applied to frozen sections full thickness cervical epithelium from 60 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 24 normal cervical controls. Prevalence of HPV 16 was similar (approximately 50 per cent) in both CIN 2 and CIN 3, and in the whole series HPV 16 was almost five‐fold more common than HPV 18. Low‐risk HPV types were present in 5 per cent of CIN 1, but 0 per cent of CIN2 and CIN3 biopsies. The data emphasize the biological similarity of CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions, and their divergence from CIN 1.
Fibrinolysis and angiogenesis in wound healing
Authors: Thompson W. Douglas , Harvey John A. , Kazmi Majid A. , Stout Alistair J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe healing wound offers a clear example of the sequence of events in chronic inflammation leading to repair. Although angiogenesis has an obvious and essential role in this process, it has been little studied. For an angiogenic factor to seem relevant, it would have to be shown to precede the peak of increased vascularity. To define this peak, the vessel content of simple, incised mouse wounds was estimated using morphometry of histological sections, and found to rise to a maximum at days 5 and 6. Total angiogenic activity of aqueous extracts was found to reach a peak at day 3. The detection of such activity on the chick chorioallantoic membrane is very dependent on the preparation technique and the choice of proteinase inhibitors. Previous in vitro work by us using purified material has shown fibrin degradation products to be effective in stimulating angiogenesis. Fibrin degradation products are prominent on immunoblotting from day 3, when macrophages are plentiful, with a similar band pattern to human granulation tissue.
Immunohistochemical positivity for neuron‐specific enolase and Leu‐7 in malignant mesotheliomas
Authors: Mayall Frederick G. , Jasant Bharat , Gibbs Allen R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe discovery of immunostaining for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and Leu‐7 in a small cell mesothelioma prompted us to study some putative immunohistochemical markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in malignant mesotheliomas and to examine any diagnostically important immunohistochemical distinctions or similarities between malignant mesothelioma and other histologically similar lung tumours. Most mesotheliomas were positive for NSE (96 per cent) and Leu‐7 (70 per cent) and positivity for these two markers was also found in small cell carcinomas (NSE 25 per cent, Leu‐7 81 per cent) and adenocarcinomas (NSE 28 per cent, Leu‐7 28 per cent) but carcinosarcomas were positive for only NSE (44 per cent). Chromogranin A positivity was found only in occasional small cell carcinomas (6 per cent) and adenocarcinomas (6 per cent). No tumour was positive for bombesin. The high incidence of NSE and Leu‐7 positivity in mesotheliomas is an important original observation because it guards against the unjustified exclusion of mesothelioma from a differential diagnosis on the basis of positivity for these two markers.
Morphometric analysis of the glomerular capillary area—a comparison of minimal change nephrotic syndrome, focal glomerular sclerosis, and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Ishitobi Fumio , Sagiya Atushi , Ueda Yoshihiko , Oka Kazuo , Kanaya Hiroaki , Iidaka Kazunari 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA morphometric analysis was performed to compare the capillary area in non‐sclerotic glomeruli in focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS), pre‐eclampsia with focal sclerotic change of the glomeruli, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). The mean and standard deviation of the capillary area was greater in FGS than in pre‐eclampsia and MCNS. Tubulo‐interstitial lesions, such as tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration, were more severe in FGS than in pre‐eclampsia. The presence of tubulo‐interstitial changes including tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration is thought to be an important prognostic factor in pre‐eclampsia as well as in FGS. Unequal dilatation of the glomerular capillaries in non‐sclerotic glomeruli may be harmful to the glomeruli and may lead to the development of glomerular sclerosis.
Standardization of interphase Ag‐NOR measurement by means of an automated image analysis system using lymphocytes as an internal control
Authors: Derenzini Massimo , Trerè Davide 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing an automated image analysis system, we have developed a procedure for standardizing the measurement of silver‐stained proteins of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in cancer cells, irrespective of the fixative employed and the time of the staining reaction. We observed that the area of Ag‐NOR proteins from the same tumour was smaller in samples fixed with formalin‐containing solutions, buffered formalin, and Bouin liquid, compared with those fixed with absolute ethanol and ‘methcarn’ solution (1·77 ± 0·26 μm2 and 2·36 ± 0·35 μm2 versus 3·34 ± 0·54 μm2 and 3·72 ± 0·61 μm2).Increased values of the Ag‐NOR area were also observed after lengthening the silver staining reaction. However, in both cases no difference was observed in the ratio between Ag‐NOR area of cancer cells and that of the lymphocytes infiltrating the stroma. The value of the ratio, which is called the ‘Ag‐NOR index’, was in fact very similar, for the same cancer, after employing different fixatives or staining times.The use of lymphocyte Ag‐NOR area as an internal control for the standardization of Ag‐NOR evaluation in cancer tissues was made possible by the fact that lymphocyte Ag‐NOR area is almost constant in human tumours independent of sex and age.
Caffeine potentiation of mefenamic acid‐induced lesions in the rat renal medulla
Authors: Hewitson Tim D. , Champion De Crespigny Paul J. , Kincaid‐Smith Priscilla 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of caffeine given in combination with mefenamic acid on the renal medulla was examined. Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups and gavage fed either suspension (control), mefenamic acid. mefenamic acid + caffeine or caffeine onlu for 4 months. Renal tissue taken from the corticomedullary junction was processed for electron microscopy. Ultrathin sections were cut after identification of vast rectae on survey sections. On subsequent morphometric analysis. percentage interstitial tissue was calculated from the total area of vasa recta less the noninterstitial tissue. The median prcentage of interstitial tissue in the mefenamic acid and caffeine group was 41 (range 33–50; n = 15) compared with 34 (20–48); n = 20 in mefenamic acid (P < 0.01), 29 (15–42; n = 15) in caffeine only (P < 0.001) and 32 (20–46; n = 18) in vehicle‐treated animals (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between mefenamic acid alone and vehicle or caffeine‐only gruops or between caffeins‐only and vehicle‐treated controls.This suggests that caffeine potentiates the effect of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. mefenamic acid, on the rat renal medulla, resulting in a quantitative increase in the intersitial tissue between adjacent afferent and efferent vasa recta.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of the Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded latent membrane protein in paraffin sections of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Murray Paul G. , Young Lawrence S. , Rowe Martin , Crocker John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParaffin sections from 46 cases of Hodgkin's disease were examined for the presence of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded latent membrane protein (LMP) using a sensitive (double layer alkaline phosphatase–anti‐alkaline phosphatase) immunohistochemical method. LMP was detected in 22 cases, the majority of positive cases being of nodular sclerosis (12/24), mixed cellularity (6/7), and lymphocyte depletion (3/3) subtypes. Only one of 12 cases of lymphocyte predominant disease was positive. In all cases, reactivity was confined to Hodgkin's and Reed‐Sternberg cells. These results provide further evidence for an association between EBV and Hodgkin's disease and indicate that LMP may be readily detected in archival material.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of glutathione S‐transferases in primary human breast carcinomas
Authors: Cairns J. , Wright C. , Cattan A. R. , Hall A. G. , Cantwell B. J. , Harris A. L. , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of cytosolic glutathione S‐transferase (GST) isoenzymes has been assessed in a series of 74 primary human breast carcinomas using an immunohistochemical method. GST pi was detected in sections from all 74 tumours; it was expressed by non‐epithelial (stromal and inflammatory) cells in 62 tumours (84 per cent), but by tumour epithelium in only 35 (47 per cent). Non‐neoplastic mammary epithelium was uniformly positive for GST pi. Expression of GST alpha and mu was observed in 19 and 42 per cent of the tumours, respectively, and was largely confined to the neoplastic component. Lack of staining of tumour epithelium for GST pi was significantly associated with poorer tumour differentiation (higher grade). There was no association between expression of any of the three isoenzymes and either menopausal status or expression of c‐erbB‐2 oncogene protein product.Immunohistochemistry is a useful method for the investigation of expression and cellular localization of GSTs within tumours; such data are needed to improve our understanding of the role of these enzymes in neoplasia and in resistance to cytotoxic drug therapy.
Prognostic factors in bladder carcinoma: Histologic parameters and expression of a cell cycle‐related nuclear antigen (Ki‐67)
Authors: Mulder A. H. , Van Hootegem J. C. S. P. , Sylvester R. , Kate F. J. W. Ten , Kurth K. H. , Ooms E. C. M. , Van Der Kwast TH. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA total of 316 biopsies from patients with bladder carcinoma who entered a trial of the genito‐urinary group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) were reviewed. The histological data were subsequently correlated with the clinical course. A strong correlation between the number of mitoses and the time of first recurrence, muscle invasion, and death was noted. Next the expression of Ki‐67 in frozen sections from 49 transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and the DNA content of the tumour cells were determined. The frequency of Ki‐67‐positive tumour cells increased with tumour grade and stage. Grade II TCCs and superficially infiltrating TCCs showed a wide range of Ki‐67 scores. There was a significant difference in Ki‐67 score between non‐infiltrating (Ta) and superficially infiltrating (T1) grade II TCCs. All DNA‐aneuploid carcinomas but also 15 out of 36 DNA‐diploid tumours contained more than 10 per cent Ki‐67‐positive cells. Only some of these tumours were DNA‐aneuploid or ‐tetraploid. The results indicate that the number of Ki‐67‐positive cells in grade II tumours may be a useful aid in separating grade II TCCs with a favourable prognosis from those with a poor clinical outcome.
Detection of calbindin‐D immunoreactivity in human follicular dendritic cells
Authors: Chilosi Marco , Doglioni Claudio , Pelosio Paola , Mombello Aldo , Montagna Licia , Benedetti Alice , Lestani Maurizio , Giovanni Pizzolo , Menestrina Fabio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe calcium‐binding protein calbindin‐D (28 kD) has been analysed immunohistochemically in different human lymphoid tissues. Combined immunohistochemical staining showed that calbindin‐D (28 kD) is expressed by only a proportion of dendritic cells within the light zone of germinal centres, where antigens in the form of immune complexes are trapped and presented to B lymphocytes. All other cell types including macrophages, interdigitating cells, and various lymphocyte populations were negative. The expression of calbindin‐D in this functionally relevant subset of follicular dendritic cells could have a role in the regulation of proliferation and selection of memory B‐cells by modulating the concentration of calcium ions. Calbindin‐D may be a useful marker for analysing in situ the phases of follicular development in different physiological and pathological conditions.
Cytogenetic and molecular studies of t(14;18) and t(14;19) in nodal and extranodal B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Clark Helen M. , Jones David B. , Wright Dennis H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have examined 107 cases of B‐cell lymphoma for the t(14;18) translocation, characteristically described in follicular lymphoma. B‐Cell lymphomas of extranodal origin, and in particular malignancies derived from mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), were compared with node‐based lymphomas of follicular and diffuse morphology. Cytogenetic techniques were supplemented by molecular analysis using probes which recognize both the major and the minor breakpoint regions of the bcl‐2 gene located on chromosome 18 (q21).t(14;18) was detected in 55 per cent of follicular and 27 per cent of diffuse B‐cell lymphomas thought to be of follicle centre cell origin. Cytogenetics and molecular analysis proved equally effective in demonstrating the translocation.t(14;18) was not observed in the 36 extranodal lymphomas examined, of which 20 were characterized histologically as lymphomas of MALT, using either technique. In addition, 30 cases demonstrated only a germline band when probed with a bcl‐3 probe specific for t(14;19), a translocation observed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in all cases of extranodal lymphoma, although no consistent abnormality was observed. Numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 3, 6, 16, and 18; structural abnormalities of chromosomes 2, 6, 8, and 9; and small marker chromosomes were frequently seen.This study provides data which suggest that different genetic events are involved in the development of lymphoma of MALT from those giving rise to follicle centre cell lymphomas.
A comparison of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining, nucleolar organizer region (AGNOR) staining, and histological grading in gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Yu Carmen C.‐W. , Fletcher Christopher D. M. , Newman Paul L. , Goodlad John R. , Burton Julia C. , Levison David A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumours are lesions in which it is difficult to predict clinical outcome from the histological appearances. Sixty cases were studied using three different methods of assessing aspects of cellular proliferation; these were (i) immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), (ii) interphase nucleolar organizer region staining (AgNORs). and (iii) a histological grading system based on mitotic counts. Both PCNA immunostaining and AgNOR counts were found to correlate well with histological grading and all three methods independently showed good correlations with survival. This suggests that these proliferation‐associated markers may be used as additional features to support histological grading in this relatively uncommon group of tumours.
Calcium dependence of A‐CAM function in human renal epithelium
Authors: Biddlestone L. R. , Fleming S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPreviously we have used immunocytochemistry to identify A‐CAM as a major cell adhesion molecule in human renal tubular epithelium. In this study, we demonstrate the calcium dependence of cell‐cell adhesion and A‐CAM function in cultured human renal epithelial cells. Separation of adjacent cells was seen within 1 min following sequestration of calcium from the culture medium with EDTA. This loss of intercellular adhesion in low calcium conditions was accompanied by the disappearance of A‐CAM immunoreactivity. The changes were reversible and on return to normal calcium concentrations, A‐CAM immunoreactivity reappeared and cell adhesion was re‐established. The time course of this recovery was slow, taking 2–3 h. These results demonstrate the calcium dependence of cell adhesion in cultured human renal epithelial cells and confirm the adhesive function of the immunoreactive A‐CAM molecule.
A search for Pneumocystis carinii in post‐mortem lungs by DNA amplification
Authors: Peters Sarah E. , Wakefield Ann F. , Sinclair Kathryn , Millard Peter R. , Hopkin Julian M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDNA amplification of specific sequences and subsequent oligonucleotide hybridization were used to search for Pneumocystis carinii in post‐mortem lung samplings from non‐immunosuppressed individuals ranging from 15 to 70 years of age. No P. carinii‐specific DNA was detected in 45 DNA amplification reactions from 15 lungs.
Cyclosporin reduces proteinuria in rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis
Authors: Kokui Koh , Yoshikawa Norishige , Nakamura Hajime , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of cyclosporin (CS) was assessed in Sprague–Dawley rats with puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) nephrosis induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of PA. Three groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally with CS (10 mg/kg body weight) daily, beginning 1 day before PA administration, or 5 or 10 days after PA administration, for 10 days. CS significantly reduced proteinuria in rats with PA nephrosis in comparison with untreated nephrotic controls. After discontinuation of the CS treatment, proteinuria gradually increased, reaching values similar to those in control nephrotic rats. CS pretreatment did not prevent the induction of PA‐induced nephrotic syndrome. Light microscopy and assessment of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane revealed no differences between normal rats, nephrotic controls, and CS‐treated rats. These results show that CS can reduce proteinuria in PA nephrosis, but cannot ameliorate the glomerular changes.
Myoendothelial contacts in the thoracic aorta of rat fetuses
Authors: Sosa‐Melgarejo Jorge A. , Berry Colin L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is increasing documentation of the presence of endothelial–smooth muscle communication in both small and large arteries. We have found that morphological evidence of these contacts appears early in development. Intimate contacts between endothelial and muscle cells in the thoracic aorta of normal rat fetuses have been studied with transmission electron microscopy. These myoendothelial contacts were seen in the form of cytoplasmic projections passing through fenestrae in the elastic lamellae. Most of these cell processes seem to arise from the muscle cells and they usually have a club‐shaped configuration. The specific nature of the cell–cell contact was predominantly via simple appositions with an intercellular space of 6–15 nm. Myoendothelial contacts are potential sites for electrical and metabolic communication between elements of the intima and media, ensuring that the vessel wall works as a unit. The demonstrated necessity of intact endothelium for smooth muscle cell response to load may depend on this type of contact.