bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child sexual abuse in Ghana: A multi‐methods exploratory study
Authors: Acquaye Garnet Linda Naa Adukwei , Quarshie Emmanuel Nii‐Boye , Salifu Yendork Joana , Oppong Asante Kwaku 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing a qualitative multi‐methods approach, this study explored the offence, survivor and perpetrator characteristics, and the lived experiences of child and adolescent survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) in Ghana. We analysed the contents of local media reports of CSA cases from January 2015 to December 2020 in Ghana, after which we conducted semi‐structured interviews involving five female child and adolescent survivors of CSA. The media content analysis identified 529 eligible reports involving female (n = 516) and male (n = 13) survivors aged 11–18 years who knew the perpetrators. The perpetrators were all‐male youth and middle‐aged adults employed in low‐income status occupations. Defilement was the most reported sexual offence; the survivors were more likely to come from single‐parent families experiencing poverty and economic hardship. The perpetrators employed multiple methods to coerce and elicit compliance from their victims: confidence approaches, violence (blitz methods) and gifts. Content analysis showed that most of the survivors attributed their victimisation to family poverty and dysfunctional parent–child relationships. These findings underscore a need to develop prevention strategies that empower young females and males to identify, escape or avoid (potential) sexual predators and encourage reporting and disclosure of CSA victimisation to formal support institutions.
Deep learning for the identification of ridge deficiency around dental implants
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Hung , Wang Hom‐Lay , Yu Li‐Wen , Chou Po‐Yung , Chang Hao‐Chieh , Chang Chin‐Hao , Chang Po‐Chun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to use a deep learning (DL) approach for the automatic identification of the ridge deficiency around dental implants based on an image slice from cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT).Materials and methodsSingle slices crossing the central long‐axis of 630 mandibular and 845 maxillary virtually placed implants (4–5 mm diameter, 10 mm length) in 412 patients were used. The ridges were classified based on the intraoral bone‐implant support and sinus floor location. The slices were either preprocessed by alveolar ridge homogenizing prior to DL (preprocessed) or left unpreprocessed. A convolutional neural network with ResNet‐50 architecture was employed for DL.ResultsThe model achieved an accuracy of >98.5% on the unpreprocessed image slices and was found to be superior to the accuracy observed on the preprocessed slices. On the mandible, model accuracy was 98.91 ± 1.45%, and F1 score, a measure of a model's accuracy in binary classification tasks, was lowest (97.30%) on the ridge with a combined horizontal‐vertical defect. On the maxilla, model accuracy was 98.82 ± 1.11%, and the ridge presenting an implant collar‐sinus floor distance of 5–10 mm with a dehiscence defect had the lowest F1 score (95.86%). To achieve >90% model accuracy, ≥441 mandibular slices or ≥592 maxillary slices were required.ConclusionsThe ridge deficiency around dental implants can be identified using DL from CBCT image slices without the need for preprocessed homogenization. The model will be further strengthened by implementing more clinical expertise in dental implant treatment planning and incorporating multiple slices to classify 3‐dimensional implant‐ridge relationships.
Delayed diagnostic interval and survival outcomes in pediatric leukemia: A single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Tamefusa Kosuke , Ochi Motoharu , Ishida Hisashi , Shiwaku Takahiro , Kanamitsu Kiichiro , Fujiwara Kaori , Tatebe Yasuhisa , Matsumoto Naomi , Washio Kana , Tsukahara Hirokazu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study primarily focused on the diagnostic interval (DI), defined as the duration from the onset of leukemic symptoms to diagnosis. We investigated whether a prolonged DI is associated with the outcomes of pediatric leukemia.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of children with newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia at Okayama University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2022. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan–Meier methods, and an unadjusted analysis to compare differences in survival was performed using the log‐rank test.ResultsIn total, 103 children with leukemia were included in the analysis. The median DI was 20 days (interquartile range, 9.5–33.5 days). A prolonged DI (≥30 days) demonstrated no association with either 5‐year event‐free survival (70.1% for <30 days and 68.3% for ≥30 days, p = .99, log‐rank test) or overall survival (84.7% for <30 days and 89.4% for ≥30 days, p = .85, log‐rank test).ConclusionsA prolonged DI was not associated with the survival of children with leukemia. If a precise classification of leukemia biology is provided for pediatric patients, a prolonged DI may have little impact on the prognosis of these patients.
Dopamine D3 receptor modulates D2 receptor effects on cAMP and GABA release at striatopallidal terminals—Modulation by the Ca2+–Calmodulin–CaMKII system
Authors: Villalobos‐Escobedo Flor Selene , Jijón‐Lorenzo Rafael , Avalos‐Fuentes José Arturo , Paz‐Bermúdez Francisco , Recillas‐Morales Sergio , Rojas Israel Conde , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Cortés Hernán , Florán Benjamín 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is expressed in striatopallidal neurons and decreases forskolin‐stimulated cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) mRNA is expressed in a population of striatal D2R‐expressing neurons. Also, D3R protein and binding have been reported in the neuropil of globus pallidus. We explore whether D2R and D3R colocalize in striatopallidal terminals and whether D3R modulates the D2R effect on forskolin‐stimulated [3H]cAMP accumulation in pallidal synaptosomes and high K+ stimulated‐[3H]GABA release in pallidal slices. Previous reports in heterologous systems indicate that calmodulin (CaM) and CaMKII modulate D2R and D3R functions; thus, we study whether this system regulates its functional interaction. D2R immunoprecipitates with CaM, and pretreatment with ophiobolin A or depolarization of synaptosomes with 15 mM of K+ decreases it. Both treatments increase the D2R inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated [3H]cAMP accumulation when activated with quinpirole, indicating a negative modulation of CaM on D2R function. Quinpirole also activates D3R, potentiating D2R inhibition of cAMP accumulation in the ophiobolin A‐treated synaptosomes. D2R and D3R immunoprecipitate in pallidal synaptosomes and decrease after the kainic acid striatal lesion, indicating the striatal origin of the presynaptic receptors. CaM‐kinase II alfa (CaMKIIα) immunoprecipitates with D3R and increases after high K+ depolarization. In the presence of KN62, a CaMKIIα blocker, D3R potentiates D2R effects on cAMP accumulation in depolarized synaptosomes and GABA release in pallidal slices, indicating D3R function regulation by CaMKIIα. Our data indicate that D3R potentiates the D2R effect on cAMP accumulation and GABA release at pallidal terminals, an interaction regulated by the CaM–CaMKIIα system.
Lumbar vertebral bone density is decreased in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: Colbath Aimee C. , Fortin Jessica S. , Burglass Caroline M. , Panek Char , Vergara‐Hernandez Fernando B. , Johnson Tyler N. , Robison Cara A. , Logan Alyssa A. , Nelson Nathan A. , Nielsen Brian D. , Schott Harold C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathological fractures have been reported in equids with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) but their prevalence and pathogenesis is unknown.ObjectivesTo compare: (1) bone mineral density (BMD) in weight bearing and nonweight bearing bones in PPID+ equids and aged and young PPID− controls; and (2) biomechanical properties of the fourth lumbar vertebral body in PPID+ equids and aged PPID− equids.Study designCase–control study: five PPID+ equids and six aged and four young PPID− control horses.MethodsPPID status was based on clinical signs and necropsy examination of the pituitary gland (PG). The lumbar vertebral column, right front third metacarpus (MC3), left hind third metatarsus (MT3), and PG were removed after euthanasia. BMD was determined by quantitative computed tomography of regions of interest (ROI) in each bone and biomechanical testing was performed on the fourth lumbar vertebral body. Serum concentrations of parathormone (PTH), ionised Ca++, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and osteocalcin (OC) were also measured. Data were analysed using one‐way ANOVA and correlation analyses.ResultsBMD of trabecular and cortical regions of interest (ROI) of the third, fourth (L4), and fifth lumbar vertebrae were significantly lower in PPID+ equids as compared with aged (p < 0. 001) and young (p < 0.01) PPID− controls. In contrast, no differences were found in BMD of trabecular or cortical ROIs of MC3 and MT3 between groups. No differences were detected in force at fracture, displacement at fracture, Young's modulus or strain of L4 between PPID+ and aged PPID− horses. No differences were found in serum PTH, ionised Ca++, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, or OC concentrations between groups.Main limitationsLimited number of equids studied and variation in test results.ConclusionsBMD of nonweight bearing bones can be decreased with PPID and could increase risk of developing pathological fractures.
Identifying professional photographers through image quality and aesthetics in Flickr
Authors: Strukova Sofia , Marco Rubén Gaspar , Mármol Félix Gómez , Ruipérez‐Valiente José A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn our generation, there is an undoubted rise in the use of social media and specifically photo and video sharing platforms. These sites have proved their ability to yield rich data sets through the users’ interaction which can be used to perform a data‐driven evaluation of capabilities. Nevertheless, this study reveals the lack of suitable data sets in photo and video sharing platforms and evaluation processes across them. In this way, our first contribution is the creation of one of the largest labelled data sets in Flickr with the multimodal data which has been open sourced as part of this contribution. It incorporates multimodal data, combining information from various sources such as user profiles, photo metadata, and crowdsourced features. Predicated on these data, we explored machine learning models and concluded that it is feasible to properly predict whether a user is a professional photographer or not based on self‐reported occupation labels and several feature representations out of the user, photo and crowdsourced sets. We also examined the relationship between the aesthetics and technical quality of a picture and the social activity of that picture. Finally, we depicted which characteristics differentiate professional photographers from non‐professionals. As far as we know, the results presented in this work represent an important novelty for identifying expertise in the domain of photography, which researchers from various domains can utilise for related applications.
Deep subsurface microbial life in impact‐altered Late Paleozoic granitoid rocks from the Chicxulub impact crater
Authors: Quraish Sohaib Naseer , Cockell Charles , Wuchter Cornelia , Kring David , Grice Kliti , Coolen Marco J. L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2016, IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 recovered an 829‐meter‐long core within the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater (Yucatán, Mexico), allowing us to investigate the post‐impact recovery of the heat‐sterilized deep continental microbial biosphere at the impact site. We recently reported increased cell biomass in the impact suevite, which was deposited within the first few hours of the Cenozoic, and that the overall microbial communities differed significantly between the suevite and the other main core lithologies (i.e., the granitic basement and the overlying Early Eocene marine sediments; Cockell et al., 2021). However, only seven rock intervals were previously analyzed from the geologically heterogenic and impact‐deformed 587‐m‐long granitic core section below the suevite interval. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene profiling to study the microbial community composition in 45 intervals including (a) 31 impact‐shocked granites, (b) 7 non‐granitic rocks (i.e., consisting of suevite and impact melt rocks intercalated into the granites during crater formation and strongly serpentinized pre‐impact sub‐volcanic, ultramafic basanite/dolerite), and (c) 7 cross‐cut mineral veins of anhydride and silica. Most recovered microbial taxa resemble those found in hydrothermal systems. Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that the borehole temperature, which gradually increased from 47 to 69°C with core depth, significantly shaped a subset of the vertically stratified modern microbial community composition in the granitic basement rocks. However, bacterial communities differed significantly between the impoverished shattered granites and nutrient‐enriched non‐granite rocks, even though both lithologies were at similar depths and temperatures. Furthermore, Spearman analysis revealed a strong correlation between the microbial communities and bioavailable chemical compounds and suggests the presence of chemolithoautotrophs, which most likely still play an active role in metal and sulfur cycling. These results indicate that post‐impact microbial niche separation has also occurred in the granitic basement lithologies, as previously shown for the newly formed lithologies. Moreover, our data suggest that the impact‐induced geochemical boundaries continue to shape the modern‐day deep biosphere in the granitic basement underlying the Chicxulub crater.
Citizen blame attributions for government fiscal crises: Experimental evidence from China
Authors: Wei Wenchi , Petrovsky Nicolai , Ni Xing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study conducts a randomized survey experiment to examine the impact of budgeting professionalism, environmental shocks, and fiscal transparency on citizen blame attributions during government fiscal crises. Theoretically, we distinguish between two logics of responsibility attribution: causal responsibility stresses the causal link between an actor's actions and specific phenomena; functional responsibility underlines an actor's legal, moral, or social obligations in relation to such phenomena. Our experiment focuses on empirically testing causal responsibility. Moreover, fiscal transparency may shape citizens' perceptions regarding government fiscal performance and subsequently influence blame attributions. The experimental results show that citizens attribute less blame to government leaders when professional experts play a more important role in the budgeting process, when localities experience severe environmental shocks, or when governments exhibit greater fiscal transparency. These findings support inferences based on the logic of causal responsibility and establish a clear relationship between fiscal transparency and citizen perceptions of government performance.
UK NEQAS and BSHI guideline: Laboratory testing and clinical interpretation of HLA genotyping results supporting the diagnosis of coeliac disease
Authors: Pritchard Deborah , Anand Arthi , De'Ath Amy , Lee Helena , Rees Margaret Tracey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCoeliac disease is a common immune‐mediated inflammatory disorder caused by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. While the diagnosis of coeliac disease is based on serological and histological criteria, HLA‐DQ genotyping can be useful, especially in excluding the diagnosis in patients who do not carry the relevant DQ heterodimers: DQA1*05 DQB1*02, DQB1*03:02 or DQA1*02 DQB1*02 (commonly referred to as DQ2.5, DQ8 and DQ2.2, respectively). External quality assessment results for HLA genotyping in coeliac disease have revealed concerning errors in HLA genotyping, reporting and clinical interpretation. In response, these guidelines have been developed as an evidence‐based approach to guide laboratories undertaking HLA genotyping for coeliac disease and provide recommendations for reports to standardise and improve the communication of results.
Prevalence of psychological and mental health symptoms among nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Americas: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Vargas Divane , Volpato Rosa Jacinto , dos Santos Lucas Cardoso , Pereira Caroline Figueira , de Oliveira Sheila Ramos , da Silva Roni Robson , Maciel Marjorie Ester Dias , Fernandes Inaina Lara , de Oliveira Santana Karen , Aguilar Thiago Faustino 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo assess the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the American continent. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies that estimated the prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic was performed through bibliographic database searches. A three‐level meta‐analysis model was used with the inverse variance method, tau was estimated via restricted maximum likelihood and logistic transformation, and heterogeneity was presented as tau2andI2. Of the 7467 studies obtained, 62 were included in the meta‐analysis, which involved 52 270 nursing professionals. The overall prevalence for at least one mental health symptom was 56.3% (50.4%, 62.1%;I2 = 98.6%,p < 0.001). Eight mental health symptoms were found; among them, the most prevalent were burnout (52.1%, 37.1%, 88.8%;I2 = 98.5%,p < 0.001) and fear (52.1%, 30.1%, 73.3%;I2 = 98.1%,p < 0.001). The prevalence of mental health symptoms in nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the American continent was high, and strategies should be developed and implemented by managers and government agencies to promote the well‐being, physical and mental health of nursing professionals. Studies like this one are necessary to highlight the need for efforts in the implementation of promotion and prevention actions to be developed by health organisations, managers and leaders with a view to improving the quality of life of nursing workers.
Changes in thermal niche position and breadth of bird assemblages in Spain in relation to increasing temperatures
Authors: Ramón‐Martínez D. , Seoane J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimAnimal communities around the world are responding to climate change by altering their taxonomic composition, mainly through an increase in the colonisation rate of warm‐dwelling species and the local extinction of cold‐dwelling ones. We assessed whether the taxonomic composition of bird assemblages in peninsular Spain has changed in accordance with the recent increase in temperature. We also evaluated the role of species thermal affinities and population dynamics on these changes.LocationPeninsular Spain.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe compared assemblages reported in the last Spanish breeding bird atlases (1998–2002 vs. 2014–2018) in 10 × 10 km squares. We described species' thermal niches by overlaying global species breeding distributions and world temperature metrics (based on mean, minimum, maximum and range), and then aggregated them to obtain a set of community thermal indices for each assemblage (CTIs and CTR for ranges). Long‐term average temperatures and local current temperatures were related to changes in CTIs using spatial GLMMs, which considered habitat change. We identified the species most responsible for variation in assemblages and regressed species' influence on thermal affinities and population dynamics.ResultsCTIs increased with temperature and warm‐dwelling species became more prevalent to the detriment of cold‐dwelling ones. However, we found a counteracting effect of temperature and habitat. Cold‐dwelling forest species were among the most influential species, mainly through colonisation, while warm‐dwelling farmland species contributed through local extinctions (both attenuated local increases in CTI). The mean thermal breadth of assemblages (CTR) decreased with temperatures.Main conclusionsThe taxonomic composition of bird assemblages shifted in line with the main expectations due to global change (thermophilisation), mainly due to local colonisation of warm‐dwelling species, although it did not show the pattern of thermal homogenisation suggested elsewhere. Our results add further evidence of the interplay between climate warming and land‐use change in the ongoing adjustment of animal communities.
Mapping species richness and evolutionary regions of the genus Myrcia
Authors: Rodrigues Arthur Vinicius , Duarte Leandro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimMyrcia is a plant genus exclusive of the Neotropical region and one of the most important components of the tree diversity in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains. However, no mapping of its taxonomic diversity for this region exists. Our aim was to describe the spatial patterns of diversity and biogeographical history for Myrcia in the Neotropical region based on a phylogenetic regionalization.LocationNeotropics.TaxonGenus Myrcia (Myrtaceae).MethodsWe derived distributions for 307 species from occurrence records using buffering and species distribution modelling. We used stacked distributions to generate a richness map of the genus and its clades (sections). In addition, we used phylogenetic regionalization methods to define evolutionary regions (evoregions) and ancestral area reconstruction to reveal the biogeographical history across these evoregions.ResultsWe found high species richness in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, with some sections restricted to the East coast of South America, while others were widespread across the Neotropics. We defined five evoregions, named A–E; the ancestral reconstruction revealed that Myrcia originated in evoregion B, under a tropical climate, with further specialization of distant‐related lineages to the colder environmental condition in evoregion A.Main ConclusionsHigh species richness of Myrcia in South America eastern coast and in the Brazilian highlands coincides with the evoregions with most diversification. Our genus‐specific regionalization together with the ancestral area reconstruction showed that evoregions A and B were the main evolutionary regions where diversification took place. In addition, the biogeographical history of the group suggests that some lineages have adaptations to deal with colder environments, that probably evolved in response to cooling periods since the mid‐Miocene.