bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a screening tool to aid home-based identification of adolescents (aged 10–14) living with HIV in Zambia and South Africa: HPTN 071 (PopART) study
Authors: Chaila Mwate Joseph , Mcleod David , Vermund Sten H. , Mbolongwe-Thornicroft Moomba , Mbewe Madalitso , Mubekapi-Musadaidzwa Constance , Harper Abigail , Schaap Albertus , Floyd Sian , Hoddinott Graeme , Hayes Richard , Fidler Sarah , Ayles Helen , Shanaube Kwame ,   on behalf of the HPTN 071 (PopART) for Youth (P-ART-Y) Study Team
Published: February 2024

Introduction
The HPTN071 (PopART) for Youth (P-ART-Y) study evaluated the acceptability and uptake of a community-level combination HIV prevention package including universal testing and treatment (UTT) among young people in Zambia and South Africa. We determined whether a four-question primary care level screening tool, validated for use in clinical settings, could enhance community (door-to-door) identification of undiagnosed HIV-positive younger adolescents (aged 10–14) who are frequently left out of HIV interventions.

Method
Community HIV-care Providers (CHiPs) contacted and consented adolescents in their homes and offered them participation in the PopART intervention. CHiPs used a four question-screening tool, which included: history of hospital admission; recurring skin problems; poor health in last 3 months; and death of at least one parent. A “yes” response to one or more questions was classified as being “at risk” of being HIV-positive. Rapid HIV tests were offered to all children. Data were captured through an electronic data capture device from August 2016 to December 2017. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were estimated for the screening tool, using the rapid HIV test result as the gold standard.

Results
In our 14 study sites, 33,710 adolescents aged 10–14 in Zambia and 8,610 in South Africa participated in the study. About 1.3% (427/33,710) and 1.2% (106/8,610) self-reported to be HIV positive. Excluding the self-reported HIV-positive, we classified 11.3% (3,746/33,283) of adolescents in Zambia and 17.5% (1,491/8,504) in South Africa as “at risk”. In Zambia the estimated sensitivity was 35.3% (95% CI 27.3%-44.2%) and estimated specificity was 88.9% (88.5%-89.2%). In South Africa the sensitivity was 72.3% (26.8%-94.9%) and specificity was 82.5% (81.6–83.4%).

Conclusion
The sensitivity of the screening tool in a community setting in Zambia was low, so this tool should not be considered a substitute for universal testing where that is possible. In South Africa the sensitivity was higher, but with a wide confidence interval. Where universal testing is not possible the tool may help direct resources to adolescents more likely to be living with undiagnosed HIV.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial Number: NCT01900977.
Prevalence of fever and its associated risk factors among patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana
Authors: Bashir Muhyideen Alhassan , Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Amponsah-Manu Forster 
Published: February 2024

Background
In Ghana, temperature check at various points of entry was adopted as a means of screening people for coronavirus disease 2019 without taking into consideration data on the local prevalence of fever associated with the disease. Our objective was to assess fever prevalence and its associated risk factors among patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 at the Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua in Ghana.

Methods
We reviewed medical records of 301 coronavirus disease 2019 patients who were admitted at the Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua between May 5, 2020, and August 31, 2021. Data collected on a pre-designed extraction sheet was processed, entered and analysed using Microsoft excel 2019 and Stata/IC version 16.1 software. Prevalence of fever was estimated and a multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to establish risk factors associated with fever among hospitalised coronavirus disease 2019 patients. A relationship was accepted to be significant at 5% level of significance.

Results
The prevalence of fever among hospitalised coronavirus disease 2019 patients was 21.6% (95% CI, 17.1%-26.7%). Risk factors associated with fever were age group [0–19 years (AOR, 5.75; 95% CI, 1.46–22.68; p = 0.013); 20–39 years (AOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.42–7.29; p = 0.005)], comorbidity (AOR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.04–4.59; p = 0.040), and disease severity [moderate (AOR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.44–10.49; p = 0.007); severe (AOR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.36–12.21; p = 0.012); critical (AOR, 4.85; 95% CI, 1.03–22.85; p = 0.046)].

Conclusions
The prevalence of fever was low among hospitalised coronavirus disease 2019 patients at the Eastern Regional Hospital, Koforidua. However, there was an increasing risk of fever as the disease severity progresses. Fever screening may be utilised better in disease of higher severity; it should not be used alone especially in mild disease.
Barriers and enablers for sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: The perspective of adolescents
Authors: Karchynskaya Viktoryia , Kopcakova Jaroslava , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , Katrusin Boris , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , de Winter Andrea F. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Interventions to improve physical activity (PA) among adolescents continue to be a public health priority. To promote PA more effectively, we need to identify the main factors contributing to (not) engagement in PA in the perspective of adolescents themselves. Thus, we explored the barriers and enablers for sufficient moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adolescents from their point of view.

Methods
We used qualitative data collected as part of the international Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study. We obtained data from 14–17 years old adolescents from the first year of Slovak high school. We conducted 11 online, semi-structured individual and group interviews with 24 participants in total (7 boys; mean age = 15.17, SD = 0.87) in Slovakia. We analysed the data using consensual qualitative research and thematic analysis.

Results
In the statements of adolescents, four main themes were identified regarding factors contributing to (not) engagement in PA among adolescents. ‘Myself as a source’ represents the importance of adolescents’ own efforts, knowledge, physical predispositions and PA experience. ‘How PA can be done’ represents school as an opportunity for PA, and PA teachers and sports coaches as specialists who can create an enabling environment for sports. ‘Others as a source’ represents the social circle that can set a positive sports example and can encourage adolescent’s efforts in PA. ‘Factors outside’ represents other factors that can inspire adolescents, e.g. by giving them a comfortable space and time to exercise, or can be a barrier to PA.

Conclusion
The potential factors that include adolescents’ perspectives can be more leveraged in designing supportive, inclusive, enjoyable, and skills-appropriate PA programmes.
Gender differences in Dutch research funding over time: A statistical investigation of the innovation scheme 2012–2021
Authors: Albers Casper , van der Molen Sense Jan , Bol Thijs 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIn 2015, the Dutch research council, NWO, took measures to combat gender bias disadvantaging female applicants in a popular three-tiered funding scheme called the Talent Programme. The innovation scheme consists of three grants for different career stages, called Veni, Vidi and Vici.ObjectivesThis paper studies the question whether or not NWO has been successful in removing gender differences in their funding procedure.MethodsUsing all available data from 2012 onwards of grant applications in the Talent Programme (16,249 applications of which 2,449 received funding), we study whether these measures had an effect using binomial generalized linear models.ResultsWe find strong statistical evidence of a shift in gender effects in favour of female applicants in the first tier, the Veni (p< .001). Significant gender differences are not found in the two other tiers, the Vidi and Vici schemes.ConclusionsIn recent years, female applicants are more likely to be awarded with a Veni grant than male applicants and this gender gap has increased over time. This suggests that gender differences still exist in the assessment of Talent Programme submissions, albeit in a different direction than a decade ago.
Association between mean platelet volume and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Jun , He Jie , Chen MeiFeng , Li Jia 
Published: February 2024

Background
Despite polysomnography (PSG) being acknowledged being considered the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), researchers have been seeking a biomarker that is less invasive, more practical in detection, and cost-effective for diagnosing and assessing the severity of the disease. To address this concern, the values of mean platelet volume (MPV) between patients with OSAHS and healthy controls were compared, and the relationship between MPV and multiple sleep monitoring parameters was analyzed in this study.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted across medical databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang, up until August 2, 2023, to identify published articles related to OSAHS. This study reviewed the literature regarding the values of MPV in individuals with OSAHS and control groups, the Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients between MPV and sleep monitoring parameters, and the odds ratios (OR) of MPV concerning the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with OSAHS. Meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean difference (SMD), Fisher’s z values correlation coefficients (ZCOR) and odds ratio (OR) as effect variables. A fixed-effect model was used if the heterogeneity was not significant (I2<50%); otherwise, a random-effect model was applied. We will also combine the treatment effect estimates of individual trials using fixed‐effect and random‐effects models. Statistical analysis was carried out by employing STATA 11.0 and R 4.1.3.

Results
In total, 31 articles were selected for the final analysis. The study involved 3604 patients and 1165 control individuals. The MPV in the OSAHS group was considerably elevated in comparison to the healthy controls (SMD = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.21–0.53, P < 0.001), particularly among individuals with severe OSAHS (SMD = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.23–0.90, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, mean body mass index (BMI), and study design type also revealed a considerably higher MPV in the OSAHS category in comparison to the healthy controls. Furthermore, MPV showed correlations with various sleep monitoring parameters. The elevation of MPV may be one of the risk factors for CVDs in individuals with OSAHS (adjusted OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.08–2.73, P = 0.022).

Conclusion
MPV is a relatively simple, cost-effective, and practical indicator of the severity of OSAHS, with its values being linked to the risk of CVDs in individuals with OSAHS.
Remote measurement based care (RMBC) interventions for mental health—Protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Machleid Felix , Michnevich Twyla , Huang Leu , Schröder-Frerkes Louisa , Wiegmann Caspar , Muffel Toni , Kaminski Jakob 
Published: February 2024

Background
Poor management of mental illnesses is associated with lower treatment adherence, chronification, avoidable re-hospitalisations, and high costs. Remote measurement based care (RMBC) interventions have gained increasing relevance due to its potential in providing a comprehensive and patient-centric approach to mental health management.

Objectives
The systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of existing evidence on the use of RMBC for patients with mental illness and to examine the effectiveness of RMBC interventions in alleviating disorder-specific symptoms, reducing relapse and improving recovery-oriented outcomes, global functioning, and quality of life.

Methods and analysis
Our multidisciplinary research team will develop a comprehensive search strategy, adapted to each electronic database (PubMed, Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO) to be examined systematically. Studies with patients formally diagnosed by the International Classification of Diseases or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders which include assessment of self-reported psychiatric symptoms will be included. Publications will be reviewed by teams of independent researchers. Quality of studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Outcomes cover symptom-focused or disease-specific outcomes, relapse, recovery-focused outcomes, global functioning, quality of life and acceptability of the intervention. Further data that will be extracted includes study characteristics, target population, intervention, and tracking characteristics. Data will be synthesised qualitatively, summarising findings of the systematic review. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be considered for meta-analysis if data is found comparable in terms of mental illness, study design and outcomes. Cumulative evidence will be evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.

Trial registration
Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD42022356176.
Performance of an offline systematic error correction strategy in pediatric patients receiving adjuvant conformal radiotherapy for Wilm’s tumor
Authors: Mruma Rashid Mussa , Dharsee Nazima , Malichewe Christina Vallen , Kisukari Jumaa Dachi , Yoram Furahini , Myanza Hemed Said , Meena Stephen Shedrack , Soko Geofrey Filbert 
Published: February 2024

Background
Radiotherapy plays a key role as an adjuvant treatment in pediatric Wilm’s tumor, improving both survival and quality of life. The success of radiotherapy depends on the precise delivery of radiation dose to the tumor while sparing radiosensitive structures in the vicinity of the tumor. Pediatric patients pose unique challenges in achieving accurate radiotherapy delivery due to their inability to understand instructions and the high radiosensitivity of their tissues. Thus, it is important to determine the optimum geometric verification strategy that will ensure accurate delivery of the prescribed target as specified in the patient’s treatment plan.

Purpose
To evaluate the performance of an offline geometric correction strategy in ensuring accuracy and reproducibility during radiotherapy delivery in Wilm’s tumor patients.

Material and methods
The extended no-action level offline correction strategy was applied in the radiotherapy delivery of 45 Wilm’s tumor patients. Gross errors from the first three fractions were used to calculate the mean errors which were then applied as offline correction factors. Mean errors among different groups were compared using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s pairwise comparisons. All statistical analyses and data visualization were performed using GraphPad Prism version 7 (Insight Partners, GraphPad Holdings, LLC).

Results
A total of 45 patients were included in the study. In all three orthogonal directions, the recorded gross errors were significantly lower after the application of the systematic error corrections. Random errors were significantly larger in the longitudinal direction compared to lateral (mean difference = 0.28, p = 0.036) and vertical directions (mean difference = 0.37 cm, p = 0.003). Patients’ age was a significant predictor of random errors whereby the magnitude of random error decreased with increasing age.

Conclusion
This study shows that the offline correction strategy used is effective in ensuring the accuracy of radiotherapy delivery in pediatric Wilm’s tumor patients.
Molecular network analysis of 308 newly diagnosed HIV infection and 210 ART failure patients from rural counties in Sichuan
Authors: Zhong Xia , Yuan Dan , Fan Shuang feng , Liu Yang , Su Ling , He Shi Jiao , Liang Shu , Yang Yi 
Published: February 2024

Background
Few studies on molecular epidemiology have studied people with newly diagnosed HIV infection and ART Failure Patients at the same time in rural China. With more serious HIV epidemic than in other provinces in China, Sichuan is an area suitable for this study.

Objective
To analyze the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular networks and factors related to network entry among newly diagnosed HIV infection and ART Failure Patients in three county-level cities (A, B, C) in Sichuan Province, to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and control.

Methods
Nested PCR amplification method was used to amplify HIV-1 pol gene region of 530 blood samples, Sequencer 4.9 was used to edit, clean and splice the gene sequence, Bioedit correction, Fastree 2.1.8 and Figtree 1.4.2 to construct evolutionary tree and determine genotype. HyPhy2.2.4 and Cytoscape 3.6.1 software were used to construct molecular network. Logistic regression analysis was applied.

Results
523(98.68%) pol sequences were obtained, and a total of 518 valid sequences with basic information came into the final analyses. A total of 6 genotypes were detected, namely CRF01_AE (320,61.78%), CRF07_BC (149,28.76%), B (30,5.79%), CRF08_BC (11, 2.12%), CRF55_01B (6, 1.16%) and C (2, 0.39%). 186 of 518(35.91%) sequences entered the network at a genetic distance of 0.8%, forming 42 propagation clusters. “High-risk transmitters”(connected with two and more) accounted for 21.62%. Logistic regression showed that≥50 years old (OR = 2.474) were more risky than 18–49 years old, CRF07_BC sub-type (OR = 0.174) were less risky than CRF01_AE sub-type, B sub-type (OR = 6.698) is higher risky than CRF01_AE sub-type, and District B (OR = 0.077) less risky than that of A city.

Conclusion
The sources of HIV infection in rural Sichuan are diversified and complicated. The prevention and control of HIV infection in Sichuan Province should focus on strengthening the long-term dynamic detection of elderly population, B strain sub-type, and in City A.
STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF SORPTION OF Cu2+, Co2+, AND Mn2+ IONS ON A MODIFIED NATURAL POLYMER – PECTIN
Authors: Mudarisova Roza Khanifovna , Kukovinets Olga Sergeevna , Sagitova Alina Failovna 
Published: February 2024

Sorption materials based on apple pectin modified with biologically active organic acids (salicylic, anthranilic, 5-aminosalicylic, nicotinic) capable of effectively extracting Cu2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ ions from aqueous solutions of their salts have been obtained. The regularities of the sorption kinetics of Cu2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ ions by modified pectin samples were studied. An increase in the efficiency of extraction of d-metal ions by modified pectin sorbents compared to the original polysaccharide was revealed. Sorption isotherms of Cu2+, Co2+, Mn2+ ions by modified pectins have been obtained and analyzed for compliance with known theoretical models. Integral kinetic curves have been obtained, and the values of the experimental sorption capacity of biosorbents have been calculated. It was found that the process of sorption of Cu2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ ions on the studied biosorbents proceeds in the diffusion mode. The predominance of the external diffusion nature of the limiting stage of the process of extracting transition metal ions with modified pectins was established. The rate constants of sorption processes are calculated. The values of the apparent activation energy of the sorption process are determined. The thermodynamic parameters of the extraction of Cu2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ ions by pectin sorbents have been calculated. It has been established that the sorption of Cu2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ ions by modified polysaccharide materials is an exothermic process, which can be considered as physical adsorption of metal ions due to solvation and complex formation with the participation of sorbent sorption centers and solvent (water) molecules. The obtained new highly active biosorbents can be recommended as enterosorbents for detoxification of the human body.
Keywords: sorption, d-metal ions, pectin, modification, kinetic curves, thermodynamic parameters.
Corrosion mechanism and research progress of metal pipeline corrosion under magnetic field and SRB conditions: a review
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Wang Guofu , Xie Fei , Wu Ming , Zhou Yi , Liu Fugang , Cheng Longsheng , Du Mingjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Biocides are used to prevent microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), which damages and disables metal structures. However, biocides can make microorganisms resistant and contaminate the environment. Some studies have found that magnetic fields have an inhibitory effect on MIC, providing a new way of thinking for MIC control. In this paper, the current research status of MIC is discussed for typical anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), the MIC of different metals in different environments is summarized, and the corrosion mechanism of SRB on metal structures, including cathodic depolarization and metabolite corrosion, is introduced. On this basis, the research progress of metal corrosion under magnetic field and microbial conditions in recent years is summarized, and discussed from three aspects, namely, electrochemical corrosion, SCC, and microbial corrosion, respectively. The corrosion process of microorganisms on metals in magnetic field is summarized, including biofilm theory, ion interference theory, free radical theory, and so on. Finally, the prevention and control of microbial corrosion by magnetic fields are prospected using the relevant mechanisms of magnetic field corrosion on metals.
Environmental Social Responsibility, Local Environmental Protection Strategy, and Corporate Financial Performance – Empirical Evidence from Heavy Pollution Industry
Authors: Ji Changlin , Feng Yuwei , Guo Xingnan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article empirically examines the “responsibility-performance” interaction in the process of environmental social responsibility decision-making by enterprises, using the listed companies in the heavy pollution industry as the research sample. We also use the evolutionary game theory to construct a system dynamics model for simulation analysis to explore the evolutionary qualities of the environmental responsibility behavior of heavily polluting enterprises and its relationship with financial performance under the influence of local government environmental regulation. It finds that for environmental social responsibility, a company's expected performance surplus is more likely to promote positive interaction between responsibility and performance than a gap; for regions with relatively negative environmental strategies, environmental social responsibility provides more efficient reputation transformation and motivates companies to invest in it; more competitive industries and enterprises with forward-looking environmental strategies tend to put performance feedback into the undertaking of environmental social responsibility. Therefore, the government and regulatory authorities should urge heavy polluting enterprises to implement environmental responsibility, so that they can fully realize that emission reduction and growth can be achieved at the same time and promote the financial performance of enterprises and environmental responsibility while forming a win–win situation at the ecological level and corporate social level.