bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life situation and function in elderly people with and without leg ulcers
Authors: Wissing U. , Ek A.‐C. , Unosson M. 
Published: March 2003

Life situation and function in elderly people with and without leg ulcers The majority of elderly patients with leg ulcers live at home and receive treatment for their ulcers within the primary health care system. Little is known about the patients' ability or behaviour in the life situation and how well they manage their daily life at home. The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Multilevel Assessment Instrument (PGC MAI) was used to assess and compare the life situation in 70 patients (mean age 79 ± 6.5 years) with leg ulcers and in 74 elderly persons (mean age 80 ± 5.7 years) without leg ulcers. The patients with leg ulcers had significantly lower mean values in the domains of physical health, activity of daily living (ADL), cognition, time use and social behaviour, personal adjustment and environmental quality than those without ulcers. Sixty‐three percent of the patients reported ulcer‐related pain, and all of them were dependent on health care personnel for dressing changes. This may indicate that the life situation among elderly persons with leg ulcers is not so good as compared with that of elderly persons without ulcers and that patients with leg ulcers are more vulnerable than elderly people of the same age.
Microsatellites from genes show polymorphism in two related Oreochromis species
Authors: Yue G. H. , Orban L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSix microsatellites were detected in the IGF‐II, GH2, prolactin I and insulin genes of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by screening DNA sequences deposited to GenBank. Genotyping of 24 individuals from each species revealed that all six microsatellites were polymorphic in both species. In Mozambique tilapia the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 17 (average 9.8), whereas in Nile tilapia the range was 4–21 (average 10.5). The range of expected heterozygosity values were 0.44–0.95 (average 0.79) in Mozambique tilapia, and 0.52–0.96 (average 0.73) in Nile tilapia.
Microsatellite loci in the Lahontan tui chub, Gila bicolor obesa, and their utilization in other chub species
Authors: Meredith Erin P. , May Bernie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrimers were developed for 17 microsatellite loci from an enriched (GATA)n library from DNA from Gila bicolor obesa. These primers were tested for cross‐species amplification in Gila bicolor snyderi, Gila orcutti and Gila coerulea.
Isolation and characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite loci in South African hares (Lepus saxatilis F. Cuvier, 1823 and Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Kryger U. , Robinson T. J. , Bloomer P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have developed six novel, polymorphic microsatellite markers for the scrub hare, Lepus saxatilis. These markers have been tested for 150 scrub hares and 67 Cape hares from different localities across southern Africa. All six loci amplified consistently well and most were highly polymorphic. Four loci amplified consistently in five different leporid genera. The microsatellites presented here will be useful for phylogeographical studies in the scrub hare and other leporidae.
Dinucleotide repeat microsatellite markers for buck’s‐horn plantain (Plantago coronopus)
Authors: Koorevaar G. N. , Ivanovic S. , Van Damme J. M. M. , Koelewijn H. P. , Van’T Westende W. P. C. , Smulders M. J. M. , Vosman B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were obtained from a GA enriched genomic library, constructed from DNA of buck’s‐horn plantain (Plantago coronopus). The microsatellite loci were tested on 24 genotypes. These plants were collected from meadows along the coast, located on 11 sites ranging from the southwest to the northeast of the Netherlands. In this set of plants the isolated microsatellites were highly polymorphic with 3–24 alleles per locus and a maximum observed heterozygosity of 0.91. Some of the microsatellite loci also showed amplification in two other plantain species (P. lanceolata and P. maritima).
Polymorphic microsatellites from silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) and cross‐amplification in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Yue G. H. , Orban L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFifteen polymorphic microsatellites were isolated from the genome of silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch). Allele numbers ranged from two to four with an average of 2.7/locus, and the proportion of tri‐ and diallelic heterozygotes was 99.3%. The individuals tested seem to have originated from two different clonal lines: 14 of 16 showed the same genotype at all loci tested, whereas the remaining two were also identical, but different from the former ones. Eleven out of 15 primer pairs cross‐amplified products from the genome of common carp, whereas only five from that of zebrafish.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Eurasian vulture Gyps fulvus
Authors: Mira S. , Billot C. , Guillemaud T. , Palma L. , Cancela M. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo obtain polymorphic molecular markers for population genetic and conservation studies in the Eurasian vulture Gyps fulvus populations, we screened a size‐selected partial genomic library enriched for microsatellites with dinucleotide motifs. A total of five polymorphic markers were obtained. The number of alleles ranged from two to nine and the observed and expected heterozygosity were very similar. These markers will be very useful for studying population structure and to evaluate conservation programmes.
Isolation of twelve microsatellite loci, using an enrichment protocol, in the phytopathogenic fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici
Authors: Enjalbert J. , Duan X. , Giraud T. , Vautrin D. , De Vallavieille‐Pope C. , Solignac M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report the characterization of 12 microsatellite markers in the biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, responsible for yellow rust on wheat. An enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci, and polymorphism was explored with 96 isolates from natural populations collected from several French and Chinese locations. Eight primers (67%) showed cross‐amplification when tested with eight isolates of P. triticina.
Isolation and characterization of novel tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum
Authors: Julian S. E. , King T. L. , Savage W. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFifteen tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were identified and characterized for spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) collected from three vernal pools in the south‐eastern USA. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (7–32 alleles per locus), heterozygosity (31.6–86.3%) and allelic heterogeneity (91% of comparisons were statistically significant). Considerable differentiation among populations was observed as genetic distances (chord) ranged between 0.50 and 0.65, and all FST values (0.08–0.14) were statistically significant. Moreover, genotypic assignment tests correctly classified all individuals to their respective collection. These markers should prove useful for investigating fine‐scale population structure and mating system.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus)
Authors: Acquadro A. , Portis E. , Lanteri S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report the development of nine microsatellite markers in globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus). Four markers were obtained from sequences available in GenBank and five were isolated using a biotin/streptavidin capture technique for (CA)n and (CT)n motifs directly from artichoke genomic DNA. Polymorphism was explored in 15 artichoke accessions that represent the genetic variation within cultivated varietal types. Inter‐specific amplification was tested using cultivated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.) and wild cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris Lam.). Primers and conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of detected loci are described.
Isolation of microsatellite markers in Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana)
Authors: Gilmore S. , Peakall R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe have identified 15 variable microsatellite loci in Cannabis sativa. In 48 samples from five fibre crop seed accessions, we detected an average of 10 alleles per locus (range 2–28) with mean heterozygosity of 0.68 (range 0.28–0.94). Significant genetic differentiation was found between accessions (FST = 0.12, P < 0.001). These markers have utility for characterizing genetic diversity in cultivated and naturalized Cannabis populations.
Nail beauty therapy: an attractive enhancement or a potential hazard?
Authors: Baran Robert 
Published: March 2003

Summary Nail coatings which harden upon evaporation and coatings that polymerize may produce some reactions at the site of application to the nail itself, and distant reactions when small amounts of nail cosmetics are transferred by the hand to other areas of the skin.Nail cosmetic hazards may be occupational, or accidental, especially in children. Individuals wearing artificial nails tend to wear their nails longer, and are more careful about their nails when washing their hands. The sanitary conditions for the application of artificial nails are therefore paramount in preventing nail infections.
Ethics, empathy and storytelling in professional development
Authors: Fairbairn Gavin J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStory forms a large part of the lives we lead. In this article, I consider some ways in which storytelling can be used to develop empathy and understanding in practitioners of the caring professions. En route, I introduce the distinction between true and real stories, discuss the importance of hypothetical stories in modern moral philosophy and show how storytelling can contribute to the development of thinking about practice. I also offer reasons for my view that empathy is central to skilled and ethical caring and touch on some ethical issues, including the apparent seriousness with which the value of confidentiality is upheld within the caring professions.
Why become a professional? Experiences of care‐giving and the decision to enter social work or nursing education
Authors: Parker Jonathan , Merrylees Sue 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper examines the care‐giving experiences of three students undertaking professional education in nursing and social work and the influence these experiences had on career choice. The literature concerning social work and nursing as a career choice is reviewed. The literature indicates that career choice and professional education and training is influenced by prior experience of emotional and traumatic events within the family or close living environment, as well as a sense of idealism and altruism. A rationale for employing a biographical approach to examining reasons for wanting to train as a nurse or social worker is presented. The importance of student biographies in the contemporary world of health and social care education is discussed. Paying attention to the biographies of care‐giving can add important safeguards to professional suitability and can help plan learning within the context of widening participation to higher education.
Improving pain management through interprofessional education: evaluation of a pilot project
Authors: Carr Eloise C. J. , Brockbank Katrina , Barrett Richard F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA collaborative project between a district hospital and a local university resulted in a senior lecturer being seconded 2 days per week to facilitate the continued improvement in pain management. The rationale for this collaboration was to explore the utilization of innovative teaching methods to deliver education in practice and to develop further research in relation to pain management. An interprofessional pain steering group (IPSG) was established with representation from several services (acute pain, chronic pain, palliative care, physiotherapy, etc.). This group identified several objectives, one of which related to the improvement of pain management through interprofessional education based on the findings from previous audit work. This paper reports on the provision of interprofessional education in pain management and on the evaluation of the impact of this on patient outcomes and practitioner learning. The successes and challenges of this endeavour are discussed.
Annual productivity and individual female reproductive success in a Great Bustard Otis tarda population
Authors: Morales Manuel B. , Alonso Juan C. , Alonso Javier 
Published: March 2003

The reproductive success of Great Bustards Otis tarda in north‐western Spain was studied between 1987 and 1998, both at the population (c. 700 adult females breeding in our study area) and the individual level (sample of 32 marked females). Overall productivity was low, with a population mean of only 0.14 chicks reared per adult female, and an average breeding success of 0.15 chicks per year in the sample of marked females, but interannual variability was high (0.04–0.29). Population productivity was positively correlated with winter (October–March) precipitation prior to each breeding season, and negatively correlated with the number of days of rain during the hatching period. High annual productivity resulted from a high proportion of females rearing two chicks. Reproductive success was higher in females older than 6 years than in younger birds. The proportion of females in the marked sample that failed in breeding after having bred successfully the previous season was significantly higher than the proportion of those that did not. Finally, females with a higher than average breeding success tended to breed successfully in years of both low and high population productivity, whereas those with lower than average breeding success did so only in years of high productivity.
The migration route and behaviour of Eastern Curlews Numenius madagascariensis
Authors: Driscoll Peter V. , Ueta Mutsuyuki 
Published: March 2003

Eastern Curlews Numenius madagascariensis were satellite‐tracked onto breeding grounds in north‐eastern Russia from south‐eastern Queensland over a distance of 12 000 km. They made initial non‐stop, long distance flights across the Western Pacific Ocean towards the coastlines of China and Korea followed by shorter flights, over a period of more than a month. The return journey involved a major flight‐leg as well, south from the Yellow Sea region. Many birds attempted to migrate but returned to the non‐breeding grounds over periods of up to several months. Islands of the Western Pacific region, the southern coastline of New Guinea and north‐eastern coastline of Australia are important, particularly for birds that stop migrating. Eastern Curlews that stopped migrating generally survived, which suggests that the species has adapted to deal with adverse conditions en route and/or a physical inability to complete the migration. Such a capacity is perhaps characteristic of a large wader with low annual mortality.
Population dynamics and reproduction of Northern Lapwings Vanellus vanellus in a meadow restoration area in central Sweden
Authors: Berg Åke , Jonsson Magnus , Lindberg Thore , Källebrink Karl‐Gunnar 
Published: March 2003

To investigate the effectiveness of a meadow restoration programme, we studied the relationships between population changes and environmental changes, return rates and hatching success in a population of Northern Lapwings Vanellus vanellus. The study was performed on mixed farmland (59 km2) in central Sweden, an area that underwent extensive meadow restoration between 1985 and 1994. The study included more than 2600 nests, supplemented with observations of 127 individually colour‐ringed Northern Lapwings. The breeding population varied (2.7–5.3 pairs/km2), but showed no significant trend with time. The population increased in years with high spring flooding levels. Population size was unrelated to demographic factors (e.g. hatching success the previous year (14–50%), and return rate). Lapwings moved considerably between years and their nest site fidelity was unrelated to previous hatching success or other factors, suggesting that changes in habitat quality and migration between populations were important in regulating population size. Recent extensive meadow restoration did not seem to aid the Northern Lapwing population; birds continued nesting on tillage even though most nests were destroyed by farming activities. A relatively high relaying frequency improved hatching success, which was still lowest in the most preferred habitats (spring sown crops, total hatching success c. 30%). The few Northern Lapwings breeding in the least preferred habitats (meadows and cultivated grassland) had a better hatching success (> 70% total hatching success), suggesting that habitat selection was not determined by hatching success. From these results, recommendations are made for the management of Northern Lapwing (and associated species) populations on farmland.
A computing scheme for determination of retinal contour from peripheral refraction, keratometry and A‐scan ultrasonography
Authors: Dunne Mark C. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this paper a method is described in which retinal contour is derived from measurements of peripheral refraction, keratometry and A‐scan ultrasonography. Theoretical aspects are discussed first, followed by a closer examination of the computing scheme and its evaluation. Evaluation involved investigation of inherent errors arising from the computing scheme's methods of compensating for unmeasured human ocular complexities such as crystalline lens asphericity and gradient index optical structure, finite aperture pupils, ocular surface misalignment and toricity. It is found that computed retinal contours are little affected by these inherent errors.
IOP in myopic children: the relationship between increases in IOP and the development of myopia
Authors: Edwards M. H. , Brown B. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIntraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at yearly intervals, from age 7 to 9 years, in 106 Chinese children. The sample had been selected from newborn children for participation in a growth and nutrition study, and all children remaining in this study took part in the myopia study. As part of an ongoing prospective study to examine factors which may be associated with the development of myopia, IOP was compared according to whether the subjects had become myopic or remained non‐myopic during the time‐frame of the study. During the course of the study 13 children became myopic. There was no difference in the IOP of the incident compared with control groups at age 7 years. The IOP of the incident group was higher following onset of myopia than it was prior to onset whereas there was no difference in the IOP of the control groups over the same period. A high IOP therefore follows the onset of myopia and cannot cause myopia. It is still unknown whether or how myopia causes a high IOP.
A new stereotest: the double two rod test
Authors: Fan Wallace C. S. , Brown Brian , Yap Maurice K. H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA new stereoacuity test, the double two rod test, uses a two‐alternative forced‐choice (2AFC) paradigm. The subject's task is to state which pair of rods, the left or the right, contains depth information. The test gives repeatable results; comparison between the depth threshold measured binocularly and monocularly suggests that monocular cues, if present, provide only poor depth information, compared to the depth information arising from binocular disparity. As part of an investigation of stereoacuity and ageing, we tested stereoacuity as a function of viewing time and the number of comparisons made between the two pairs of rods. Stereoacuity was significantly reduced for viewing times less than 3 s while longer viewing times did not improve stereoacuity. The number of comparisons made between the two pairs of rods had no effect on stereoacuity.
Visual performance in soft contact lens wear. Is there a compromise?
Authors: Mitchell E. S. , Douthwaite W. A. 
Published: March 2003

Purpose: A six‐month study was performed comparing a group of contact lens wearers against a group of age and refraction matched non‐contact lens wearers.Methods: Visual performance was measured by log MAR visual acuity (VA) and Pelli‐Robson contrast sensitivity (CS). Contact lens wearers were all established wearers of at least six months. Patients were refitted with Hydron Omniflex lenses. The care regimen was Alcon Opti‐free. Visual performance was measured every eight weeks with lenses in situ and any necessary over‐refraction, lenses were removed and visual performance was re‐measured with a full spectable refraction. The order of testing was randomised. In addition, the non‐lens wearers were also assessed every eight weeks.Results: Results suggest that for VA there is no significant change in visual performance with time in the contact lens wearers (F2.40 = 2.031,P > 0.1) or the non‐lens wearers (F2.18 = 0.863, P > 0.1). In addition, there is no significant difference in VA when comparing spectacle VA in the contact lens group against contact lens VA (F1.20 = 0.79, P > 0.1). There is also no significant difference between VA in the non‐lens wearing group and either spectacle VA (F1.29 = 0.877, P > 0.1) or CL VA in the lens wearing group (F1.29 = 1.646, P > 0.1). When CS is measured there is again no significant change with time for lens wearers (F2.40 = 1.771, P > 0.1) or non‐lens wearers (F2.18 = 0.053, P > 0.1). There is, however, a significant drop in visual performance when comparing spectacle CS in the contact lens group against contact lens CS (F1.20 = 18.835, P = 0.0003) and non‐wearers against contact lens CS (F1.29 = 7.719, P = 0.009). There is no significant difference between CS in non‐lens wearers and spectacle CS in lens wearers (F1.29 = 0.982,P > 0.1).Conclusion: These results suggest that even though visual performance measured by VA or CS in contact lens wearers does not deteriorate with lens age. CS is significantly worse when wearing lenses. It is also significantly worse than a non‐lens wearing population. As refractive error was accounted for in the protocol this is not the reason for the significant difference. Other causes of the significant reduction in performance may be lens movement, lens surface drying or lens deposition.Acknowledgements: We thank Hydron UK Ltd and Alcon for help in the form of contact lenses and solutions. Financial support was received from the Visual Research Trust.