bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying a human factors approach to proning pillows in the ICU: Opportunities for redesign
Authors: Desselle Mathilde R. , McLeod Kirsty , Byram Isabel , Wainwright Luke , Coyer Fiona , Kirrane Marianne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProning, or turning a patient face down, is a technique used to manage patients with acute respiratory distress in intensive care units (ICUs). Research suggests that the type of pillow used in proning may have a significant impact on patient outcomes and increase the risk of disfiguring pressure injuries to the face. However, there is little evidence surrounding the usability of these pillows in the ICU. The aim of this study was to identify redesign opportunities by understanding how the tools, tasks, people, environment, and organization all interact during proning in the ICU. Thirty‐six ICU clinicians from two Australian public metropolitan hospitals completed an online questionnaire regarding their opinions and experiences with proned patients and the prevention of pressure injuries. Seven ICU clinicians then completed journey mapping activities to document the key workflows, critical incidents, considerations, and personnel involved in managing proned patients in the ICU. Several barriers and facilitators to pressure injury prevention were identified, including interactions between the various tools (e.g., proning pillows with one opening limits the management of several medical devices), the tasks (e.g., high frequency of repositioning), the people (e.g., clinical inexperience, patient features), the environment (e.g., limited availability of tools), and the organization (e.g., limited number of staff to support tasks). This holistic approach revealed several opportunities for the redesign of proning pillows and associated systems. Key takeaways include the limitations of a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to proning in the ICU context, and the need for flexibility and customization to improve proning pillows, associated medical devices, prophylactic dressings, aids, and processes.
BCUIS‐Net: A breast cancer ultrasound image segmentation network via boundary‐aware and shape feature fusion
Authors: Li Haiyan , Wang Xu , Tang Yiyin , Ye Shuhua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is a highly lethal disease with the highest mortality rate among women worldwide. Breast tumor segmentation from ultrasound images plays a critical role in enabling early detection, leading to a reduction in mortality rates. However, the challenge of ultrasound breast cancer segmentation arises from factors such as indistinct lesion boundaries, noise artifacts, and inhomogeneous intensity distribution within the lesion region. To address the bottlenecks, a novel boundary‐aware shape feature fusion network (BCUIS‐Net) is proposed to segment breast lesion in ultrasound images. Firstly, a boundary‐aware module (BAM) is put forward to accurately localize the ambiguous tumor regions and boundaries by embedding the horizontal and vertical position information into the channel attention. Subsequently, a shape feature fusion (SFF) module is presented to fuse shape features and segmentation features, in order to adaptively extract their complementary features by aggregating contextual information in an attention module. Specifically, the different levels of features from the encoder are up‐sampled to the original image size and fed into the BAM to predict the boundary map. The boundary and decoder‐generated feature maps are thereafter fused by the SFF module to exploit the complementarity between them to correct errors in segmentation and shape features, effectively eliminating false detections and noise in the features to achieve accurate segmentation of pathological regions. Finally, the shape fusion loss is derived from a combination of the binary cross‐entropy loss and the distance map loss to intelligently penalize incorrect predictions and thus improve the attention to boundary locations. The performance of the network is evaluated in two public breast ultrasound datasets. Experimental results verify that the proposed method obtains superior segmentation results and outperforms the most recent state‐of‐the‐art, in which IOU is increased by 2.15% and 2.59% on UDIAT and BUSI, respectively.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance and mechanical strength in GeTe enable power generation and cooling
Authors: Zhu Jianglong , Zhang Fujie , Tai Yilin , Tan Xiaobo , Deng Qian , Nan Pengfei , Cheng Ruihuan , Xia Chengliang , Chen Yue , Ge Binghui , Ang Ran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFinding a real thermoelectric (TE) material that excels in various aspects of TE performance, mechanical properties, TE power generation, and cooling is challenging for its commercialization. Herein, we report a novel multifunctional Ge0.78Cd0.06Pb0.1Sb0.06Te material with excellent TE performance and mechanical strength, which is utilized to construct candidate TE power generation and cooling devices near room temperature. Specifically, the effectiveness of band convergence, combined with optimized carrier concentration and electronic quality factor, distinctly boosts the Seebeck coefficient, thus greatly improving the power factor. Advanced electron microscopy observation indicates that complex multi‐scale hierarchical structures and strain field distributions lead to ultra‐low lattice thermal conductivity, and also effectively enhance mechanical properties. High ZT ~ 0.6 at 303 K, average ZTave ~ 1.18 from 303 to 553 K, and Vickers hardness of ~200 Hv in Ge0.78Cd0.06Pb0.1Sb0.06Te are obtained synchronously. Particularly, a 7‐pair TE cooling device with a maximum ΔT of ~45.9 K at Th = 328 K, and a conversion efficiency of ~5.2% at Th = 553 K is achieved in a single‐leg device. The present findings demonstrate a unique approach to developing superior multifunctional GeTe‐based alloys, opening up a promising avenue for commercial applications.image
Consumer guilt proneness scale—Assessing individual differences in responses to transgressive consumption situations
Authors: Martins Carla C. , Silva Susana C. , Radomska Joanna , Hajdas Monika 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFeeling or anticipating guilt associated with consumption situations may lead consumers to adjust their behaviors to avoid those unpleasant feelings and better conform to their personal, moral, and social standards. The experience of guilt regarding a consumption situation is influenced by both contextual factors, including marketing communications, and personal traits, namely the individual's proneness to feel guilt related to consumption. While research has examined the influence of contextual variables on guilt, the individual predisposition to feel guilt associated with consumption has received little attention. Understanding individual consumer guilt proneness can assist managers in customizing strategies to diverse guilt responses: recognizing varying susceptibility to guilt enables personalized approaches across the consumer journey, fostering empathetic managerial actions. This understanding can significantly impact consumer satisfaction, loyalty, and the success of marketing strategies. This study conceptualizes and proposes a measure of consumer guilt proneness, the individual tendency to feel guilt regarding transgressive consumption situations. To define the conceptual domain, a literature review is complemented with a qualitative study. Five dimensions corresponding to sources of guilt (health, extravagance, social influence, misevaluation, and ethics and sustainability) create the initial pool of items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses corroborate the five‐factor measurement model. The final scale demonstrates adequate convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Finally, the instrument is cross‐culturally validated in three countries—Portugal, Poland, and Brazil—which not only strengthens the evidence of its validity and reliability but also lends credibility to its broader application in diverse cultural environments, particularly within Western cultures.
Construction of a percolation zone for electrostatic discharge in EPDM/CB composites: A comprehensive mechanism to attain the optimum physico‐mechanical properties
Authors: Buhari Sudheer , Manikkedath V. Vinayak , G. T. Prakash , Rhee KyongYop , A. Asif 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrostatic discharge (ESD) is a critical issue in the automobile industry. ESD can occur due to the rubbing of dissimilar materials, potentially damaging sensitive components. Automakers must use ESD protection to safeguard the reliability of the components. In this scenario, the automotive industries demand for suitable materials to address this problem. The present study focuses on the development of EPDM rubber composites with low‐volume resistivity and optimized physico‐mechanical properties, which are the vital parameters to be addressed in electrostatic discharge for automotive applications. EPDM rubber composites were cured by sulfur and peroxide with a special‐grade conductive carbon black (CB). These composites were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The dispersion of conductive CB in the polymer matrix was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The BET adsorption technique was employed to investigate the specific surface area and porosity of CB. The ESD behavior of the composites was evaluated by measuring the volume resistivity(ASTM D257). The Studies reveal that the developed material has moderate physico‐mechanical properties and consistent thermal stability. Above all, the conductivity offered by the composite is adequate for ESD applications.Highlights
Developed sulfur‐cured EPDM rubber composite with low‐volume resistivity.
Peroxide cured EPDM rubber has higher thermal stability than sulfur‐cured one.
Carbon black (CB) with a high surface area can easily form a conductive network.
A good conductive network is formed at the percolation zone.
The hardness of the EPDM composite increases with the loading of CB.
Learning curve for fetal postmortem ultrasound
Authors: Ibarra Vilar Patricia , De Luca Laura , Badr Dominique A. , Cos Sanchez Teresa , Carlin Andrew , Lecomte Sophie , Jani Jacques C. , Kang Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the learning curve of fetal postmortem ultrasound (PMUS) and evaluate the evolution of its diagnostic performance over the past 8 years.MethodsPMUS was performed by two fetal medicine specialists and two experts on 100 unselected fetuses of 12–38 weeks of gestation in a prospective, double‐blind manner. 21 pre‐defined internal structures were analyzed consecutively by the trainee alone and the expert, with a comparison of diagnosis and immediate feedback. The learning curves for examination duration, non‐recognition of structures and final diagnoses were computed using cumulative summation analysis. Secondly, the expert PMUS diagnostic accuracy using autopsy as the gold standard was compared to the previously published data.ResultsThe trainees reached expert level of PMUS at 28–36 cases for examination duration (12.1 ± 5.2 min), non‐diagnostic rate (6.5%, 137/2100), and abnormality diagnosis. In a group of 33 fetuses ≥20 weeks who had an autopsy, the experts PMUS performance was improved after 8 years with a reduction of all organs non‐diagnostic rate (6.5 %VS 11.4%, p < 0.01) and higher sensitivity for the heart (100% VS 40.9%, p < 0.01) and the abdomen (100%VS 56.5%, p < 0.05).ConclusionPMUS offers a short learning curve for fetal medicine specialists and on‐going improvement of diagnostic accuracy over time.
The vortex structure and near‐surface winds of Typhoon Faxai (2019) during landfall. Part I: Observational analysis
Authors: Takahashi Takuya , Nolan David S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis two‐part study presents a detailed analysis of (a) the vortex structure, (b) the inner core planetary boundary layer (PBL) wind profile, and (c) the overland surface winds of Typhoon Faxai (2019) during landfall observationally (Part I) and in high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations (Part II). Part I presents a comprehensive observational analysis of (a), (b), and (c) of Typhoon Faxai (2019) based on radar dual‐Doppler analysis and spatially dense surface wind observations over the Kanto region of Japan. An empirical model for the wind reduction factor is proposed and validated with surface observations and radar velocity–azimuth display analyses at Narita and Haneda airports, both of which were affected by the passage of Faxai's inner core. Two distinct PBL jets associated with the inner rain band and the eyewall were observed over Narita Airport, which was located to the right of Faxai's track. Based on the empirical model of , it is found that the maximum surface wind speed observed at Narita Airport was caused by the peak of due to a strong PBL jet associated with the eyewall located as close as 0.3 km from the ground. In addition, the wind swath analysis shows that a large area far inland on the right side of Faxai's track experienced strong surface 10‐min winds due to the combination of the passage of the eyewall PBL jet and the small surface roughness length around agricultural land such as paddy fields and farm fields.
Redefining the Huayquerian Stage (Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene) of the South American chronostratigraphic scale based on biostratigraphical analyses and geochronological dating
Authors: Romano Cristo O. , Garrido Alberto C. , Barbeau David L. , Vera Rocío B. , Bonini Ricardo , Boscaini Alberto , Cerdeño Esperanza , Cruz Laura E. , Esteban Graciela I. , de la Fuente Marcelo S. , Fernández‐Monescillo Marcos , Fernicola Juan C. , Krapovickas Verónica , Madozzo‐Jaén M. Carolina , Pérez M. Encarnación , Pujos François , Rasia Luciano , Turazzini Guillermo F. , Vera Bárbara , MacPhee Ross D. E. , Forasiepi Analía M. , Prevosti Francisco J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Huayquerian Stage of the South American chronostratigraphic scheme (named for the Huayquerías del Este, Argentina) was originally based on a poorly known mammal association of six taxa from the Huayquerías Formation. We studied the geology, age and fauna of the Neogene sequence in this area, including the Huayquerías, Tunuyán and Bajada Grande formations. The sequence comprises a monotonous succession of synorogenic epiclastic sediments deposited under arid to semi‐arid conditions. Zircon U–Pb dates from 10 tuffaceous levels (7.2–1.6 Ma) place deposition of the Huayquerías Formation during the late Tortonian or Messinian to early Zanclean, the Tunuyán Formation during the Zanclean–Piacenzian, and the Bajada Grande Formation during the Piacenzian–Calabrian. We present 43 and 31 new mammal taxon records for the Huayquerías and Tunuyán formations, respectively. Progressive faunal change was observed along the sequence. The first records of the Chaco tortoiseChelonoidis chilensisand the notoungulateXotodon major, and the latest records of Interatheriidae andTypotheriopsis(notoungulates),Metacaremys calfucalel,Phtoramys hidalguenseandLagostomus pretrichodactyla(rodents),Chasicotatus ameghinoiandMacroeuphractus morenoi(xenarthrans) are reported. The faunal associations of the Huayquerías and lower Tunuyán formations are highly similar to each other, and to other coeval localities in Argentina. TheMacroeuphractus morenoiAssemblage Biozone is proposed as the basis for redefining the Huayquerian Stage, due to the co‐occurrence of three taxa with wide geographical distribution in southern South America:Macroeuphractus morenoi,Pseudotypotherium subinsigneandLagostomus pretrichodactyla. The age of this biozone is constrained atc.8–5 Ma in its type area.
Sex determination in budgerigars using radiographic pelvimetry
Authors: Yilmaz Osman , Koca Davut , Sahin Mustafa Eren , Avcilar Talha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the pelvimetric values obtained from radiographic pelvis images of budgerigars in terms of sexual dimorphism. The objectives included determining linear osteometric and angle measurements of the pelvis, as well as calculating the length‐to‐width ratios among different pelvimetric measurements. Additionally, the study aimed to reveal the correlations between age and body weight with both the pelvimetric measurements and ratio measurements in these animals.MethodsIn this study, measurements of linear distance, angle and length‐to‐width ratios were obtained from ventrodorsal images of the pelvis in a sample of 60 budgerigars, consisting of 30 males and 30 females. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of the obtained measurement values was performed.ResultsWhen analysing the morphometric measurement values based on sex, it was observed that all linear measurements (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10 and L11) were higher in males, whereas the angle measurements (A1, LA2 and RA2) were found to be significantly greater in females (p < 0.05). Additionally, both male and female budgerigars exhibited a greater pre‐acetabular length of the ilium compared to the post‐acetabular length. Moreover, there were mostly positive significant correlations between age and body weight with the pelvic measurement values in both sexes (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe obtained biometric measurement values from pelvimetric X‐ray images in budgerigars were analysed to assess sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, this study presents fundamental morphometric data that can be valuable for clinical, taxonomic, phylogenetic, ornithological, allometric and characterization studies of budgerigars.
Optimal operating points for wind turbine control and co‐design
Authors: Pusch Manuel , Stockhouse David , Abbas Nikhar , Phadnis Mandar , Pao Lucy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA versatile framework is introduced for determining optimal steady‐state operating points for wind turbine control. The framework is based on solving constrained optimization problems at fixed wind speeds and allows for systematically studying required trade‐offs and parameter sensitivities. It can be used as a basis for many control approaches, for example, to automatically compute optimal schedules for control inputs, steady‐state operating points for model linearization, or reference values for tracking. Steady‐state simulation results are obtained using full nonlinear models to consider complex effects caused by couplings from aerodynamics, structural dynamics, and possibly also hydrodynamics in the case of floating wind turbines. Focusing only on the steady‐state response allows a fast and numerically robust optimization, which makes it especially attractive for co‐design studies. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated on two offshore extreme‐scale wind turbines, one floating and one fixed bottom.
Trustworthiness in the Swedish Strategies for Covid-19 in Recorded Press Conferences from the Public Health Agency of Sweden
Authors: Byrman Gunilla , Westum Asbjørg 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article investigates structural patterns of eight recorded press conferences on Covid-19, and how the Public Health Agency of Sweden (PHA) builds trust in its information. The analysis draws on Wodak’s model, using the theoretical and methodological concepts discourse, texts, genres, situatedness, and discourse strand. The press conferences are regularly scheduled, always with the same structure. PHA uses a range of multimodal features with which they interact orally. Tension often arises in the dialogue between PHA and journalists wanting to know about death numbers, the spread of infection, and how citizens should act to stay healthy. Two discourse strands are identified: death numbers and face masks. PHA handles these discourse strands in slightly different ways. Journalists ask about the relatively high Swedish death numbers, which PHA does not deny, but is reluctant to talk about. PHA does not want to acknowledge the usefulness of face masks, saying that other measures are more effective. Both discourse strands pose potential threats to PHA’s trustworthiness. Journalists question why PHA’s death statistics show lower figures than those of other authorities, and they ask about the scientific basis for its face mask strategy, pointing to countries with different approaches.
Fictionality as a Rhetorical Tool in Political Mockumentary Films: The Interplay of Fictionality and Factuality in C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America
Authors: Csönge Tamás 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHow can a mockumentary film like Kevin Willmott’s C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America argue effectively and authenticate its important message about the presence of racism and discrimination in contemporary American society with a narrative that is obviously fictional? Doesn’t this method of presenting an alternative history of the nation create mistrust and suspicion in the audience, instead of giving them profound insight into the actual states of things? The ambiguity of such mockumentaries stems from the simultaneous application of two major types of rhetorical frames: They always utilize some style or variant of the documentary genre (Juhasz et al., F Is for Phony: Fake Documentary and Truth’s Undoing. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2006, 7) (evoking a factual discourse), but—to a differing degree—also undermining, suspending, or putting it between quotation marks (evoking a fictional discourse). In this paper, I want to argue that with the innovative utilization of fictionality and factuality as communicational tools and rhetorical resources, a politically charged fake documentary such as Willmott’s film can explore problematic dimensions of social reality and shed light on its subject matter from a novel perspective.
Bridging the Digital Divide
Authors: Bon Anna , Saa-Dittoh Francis , Akkermans Hans 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses the disparity in access to digital services, which exists between countries, regions, communities, and people in the world. This disparity is referred to as the digital divide. Digital information and communication are obviously of key importance for the development of countries and regions. However, different approaches exist to address this problem. In this chapter, from a digital humanist perspective, we explore practice-oriented digital design approaches to serve people and communities in currently unconnected regions of the world. We discuss how this might best be done, upholding ethical standards, inclusivity, and human-centered principles. To illustrate this in action, we present a case study from rural Ghana.
Philosophical Foundations of Digital Humanism
Authors: Nida-Rümelin Julian , Staudacher Klaus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDigital humanism is an ethics for the digital age that interprets and shapes the process of digital transformation in accordance with the core concepts of humanist philosophy and practice. The core idea of humanist philosophy is human authorship, which is closely linked to the practice of attributing responsibility and, therefore, also with the concepts of reason and freedom. Digital humanism has several different implications: From a theoretical point of view, it means rejecting both the mechanistic paradigm (“humans are machines”) and the animistic paradigm (“machines are (like) humans”); from a practical point of view, it especially requires us not to attribute responsibility to AI and not to let AI make ethical decisions.