bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscosity of fractions from end‐linked polystyrene star macromolecules
Authors: Weissmüller M. , Burchard W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA number of OH‐terminated three‐arm star molecules were prepared by anionic polymerization with a specially functionalized initiator. The stars were crosslinked over the OH groups with varying amounts of toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate. The samples were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on‐line with a low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) and a viscosity (VISC) detector. The Kuhn—Mark—Houwink—Sakurada (KMHS) relationships from the various samples resulted in a common relationship. Shrinking parameters g′j≡[η]j,b/[η]j,lin were determined for each slice and could satisfactorily be interpreted on the basis of the Zimm—Stockmayer theory in connection with a suggestion by Kurata et al. The Kurata suggestion was checked with data from star molecules. The examination revealed that randomly branched and star‐branched macromolecules exhibit significantly different hydrodynamic behavior. The ratio of the Fox—Flory coefficients Φb/Φlin in the relationship [η] = Φ(R/M) increases in both cases with branching. This is a consequence of the enhanced segment density and the resulting increase in the hydrodynamic interaction.
Molecular dynamics study of a gelsolin‐derived peptide binding to a lipid bilayer containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate
Authors: Liepiņa Inta , Czaplewski Cezary , Janmey Paul , Liwo Adam 
Published: April 2003

AbstractGelsolin is an actin‐severing protein whose action is initiated by Ca2+ and inhibited by binding to phosphorylated inositol lipid or phosphoinositides. The regions of gelsolin responsible for phosphoinositide binding are comprised of residues 150–169 (G150–169) and 135–142 (G135–142). The corresponding peptides possess similar binding potency as native gelsolin. Their common feature is the presence of arginine and lysine residues that can bind to negatively charged phosphate groups of phosphoinositides. In this work the binding of the G150–169 peptide to a phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) cluster in a lipid membrane model was investigated by molecular dynamics calculations (MD) with the AMBER 4.1 force field, taking into account explicit solvent molecules. Initially the structure of G150–169 was simulated by using the electrostatically driven Monte Carlo (EDMC) and MD methods, and the resulting structure agreed within 3.7 Å backbone‐atom root mean square deviation with the corresponding experimentally derived structure (PDB code: 1SOL). Using this model for the peptide, a subsequent MD simulation of G150–169 in a periodic box containing a model of dimyristoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) lipids with a cluster of four PIP2 molecules was carried out. During the simulation G150–169 interacted strongly with PIP2 molecules, initially by formation of salt bridges between its N‐terminal basic groups and the phosphate groups of PIP2, followed by formation of hydrophobic bonds between the hydrophobic side chains of the peptide and the fatty acid tail of the lipid. As a result of the formation of hydrophobic bonds, the PIP2 molecules were pulled out from the lipid bilayer. This mode of binding differs from those of other PIP2‐binding protein motifs such as PH domains that interact solely with the hydrophilic head group of PIP2. These results suggest that dissociation of gelsolin from actin by PIP2 lipids may involve entering of the PIP2 molecules to the gelsolin–actin interface, thereby weakening the interactions between these proteins. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 71: 49–70, 2003
Telomerase activity is prognostic in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Verstovsek Srdan , Manshouri Taghi , Smith Franklin O. , Giles Francis J. , Cortes Jorge , Estey Elihu , Kantarjian Hagop , Keating Michael , Jeha Sima , Albitar Maher 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSignificantly elevated telomerase activity (TA) has been found in samples from patients with almost all malignant hematologic diseases. The impact of elevated TA on the course of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (P‐AML) is unknown.METHODSUsing a modified polymerase chain reaction‐based, telomeric repeat‐amplification protocol assay, the authors measured TA in bone marrow samples from 40 patients with P‐AML and, for comparison, in 65 adult patients with AML (A‐AML), excluding patients with French–American–British M3 disease. The results were correlated with patient characteristics and survival.RESULTSTA in patients with P‐AML was significantly lower compared with TA in patients with A‐AML (P = 0.005). Patients who had P‐AML with low TA had a projected 5‐year survival rate of 88%, whereas patients who had P‐AML with high TA had a projected 5‐year survival rate of 43% (P = 0.009). Conversely, patients who had A‐AML with very high TA (upper quartile) had significantly longer survival compared with patients who had A‐AML with lower TA (P = 0.03). There was no correlation between complete remission rate or disease free survival and TA in P‐AML or A‐AML. In the A‐AML group, when patients were separated by cytogenetic findings (poor prognosis vs. others), it was found that TA was significantly lower in patients with a poor prognosis, but the prognostic value of TA was not independent of cytogenetic status.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggest, that for patients with P‐AML, bone marrow TA is a highly significant prognostic factor. Cancer 2003;97:2212–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11313
Pregnancy and early‐stage melanoma
Authors: Daryanani Deepu , Plukker John T. , De Hullu Joanne A. , Kuiper Hilde , Nap Raoul E. , Hoekstra Harald J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCutaneous melanomas are aggressive tumors with an unpredictable biologic behavior. It has been suggested that women who present with melanoma during pregnancy have a worse prognosis due to more aggressive behavior of the melanoma. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the long‐term effect of pregnancy on disease progression in women with Stage I–II melanoma.METHODSFrom 1965 to 2001, 46 pregnant women were treated for a Stage I–II melanoma at the University Medical Center Groningen. These patients were compared with an age‐matched and gender‐matched control group (nonpregnant) of 368 women with Stage I–II melanoma. The patients were staged according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification system for melanoma. The 10‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using logistic regression analysis.RESULTSThe median age of patients in the pregnant group was 30 years (range, 18–46 years), and the median age of patients in the nonpregnant group was 36 years (range, 17–45 years). The median follow‐up was 109 months (range, 1–356 months). Pregnant patients presented more often with thicker melanomas (median, 2.0 mm vs. 1.7 mm; not statistically significant). No differences with regard to tumor location, histologic subtype, tumor ulceration, or vascular invasion were detected between the pregnant group and the nonpregnant group. There was no statistical difference in the 10‐year DFS and 10‐year OS rates between the two groups. The 10‐year DFS rates for patients in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 88% versus 86% for patients with Stage I melanoma and 67% versus 73% for patients with Stage II melanoma. The 10‐year OS rates for patients in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 94% versus 90% for patients with Stage I melanoma and 82% versus 81% for patients with Stage II melanoma.CONCLUSIONSPregnancy does not appear to have an adverse, long‐term effect on survival in patients with clinically localized melanoma. Further studies should address whether pregnant patients present with thicker lesions and/or whether they have decreased DFS compared with nonpregnant women. The prognosis for women with melanoma during pregnancy, as it relates to survival, still is dependent on tumor thickness and ulceration. Cancer 2003;97:2248–53. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11321
Correlation between genetic alteration and long‐term clinical outcome of patients with oligodendroglial tumors, with identification of a consistent region of deletion on chromosome arm 1p
Authors: Hashimoto Naoya , Murakami Mamoru , Takahashi Yoshinobu , Fujimoto Masahito , Inazawa Johji , Mineura Katsuyoshi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn oligodendroglial tumors, allelic losses on chromosome arms 1p and 19q are not only diagnostic molecular markers but also statistically significant predictors of both chemosensitivity and longer recurrence‐free survival. In the current study, the authors attempted to analyze 21 patients genetically and clinically, with special emphasis on the correlation between genetic alterations and long‐term therapeutic results.METHODSThe authors reviewed the clinical cases of 21 patients who had undergone surgery for oligodendroglial tumors (13 oligodendrogliomas, World Health Organization [WHO] Grade II; 3 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, WHO Grade III; 3 oligoastrocytomas, WHO Grade II; and 2 anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, WHO Grade III). Genetic testing for 1p deletions was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization, and testing for 1p, 17p, and 19q deletions was carried out by microsatellite analysis. Survival was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. In addition, a high‐resolution deletion map of 1p, which led to the discovery of a new deleted region on 1p, was obtained.RESULTSStatistical analysis revealed that both loss of 1p and loss of 19q independently and significantly predicted overall survival. A high‐resolution deletion map, which displayed unusually narrow deletions, revealed a new region of deletion between D1S513 and D1S458 (1p34.3–36.11).CONCLUSIONSOne of the putative tumor suppressor loci exists more proximally than ever reported. Based on the observation that 1p and 19q deletions predicted survival, the authors suggest further use of diagnostic and prognostic genetic testing in the clinical setting. Cancer 2003;97:2254–61. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11322
Clinical and biologic significance of nuclear unrest in Wilms tumor
Authors: Hill D. Ashley , Shear Torin D. , Liu Tiebin , Billups Catherine A. , Singh Pratima K. , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDNuclear unrest is a term applied to Wilms tumors (WT) with favorable histology that show nuclear enlargement similar to that seen in anaplasia but with no abnormal mitotic figures. This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and pathogenetic significance of WT with nuclear unrest.METHODSThe authors reviewed primary nephrectomy specimens and clinical data from 173 patients who were treated for WT on 1 of 5 consecutive clinical trials at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. A subset of 70 patients was selected for p53 immunohistochemistry. Seventeen samples of recurrent tumors were also reviewed.RESULTSWT with nuclear unrest had age and stage distribution similar to that for WT with favorable histology. Patients who had tumors with favorable histology, nuclear unrest, and anaplastic histology had 5‐year cumulative incidences of recurrence of 12.2%, 22.2%, and 36.4%, respectively (P = 0.010). Despite the difference in recurrence incidence, patients who had tumors with nuclear unrest and patients who had tumors with favorable histology had nearly identical overall survival. Immunostaining for p53 was positive in 2 of 24 tumors (8.3%) with favorable histology, 1 of 25 tumors (4%) with nuclear unrest, and 16 of 21 tumors (76%) with anaplastic histology (P < 0.001). Histologic review of samples from recurrent tumors showed that 7 of 10 of primary tumors converted from favorable histology to either nuclear unrest or anaplastic histology in the recurrent tumor.CONCLUSIONSWT with nuclear unrest more closely resembles favorable histology than anaplastic histology, both clinically and pathogenetically. Analysis of samples from recurrent tumors suggests that WT with nuclear unrest represents an intermediary in the continuum from favorable histology to anaplastic histology. For treatment stratification, it is appropriate to continue grouping nuclear unrest with favorable histology, although a larger analysis will be necessary to confirm the current findings. Cancer 2003;97:2318–26. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11325
Sentinel lymph node analysis in patients with sweat gland carcinoma
Authors: Delgado Ruby , Kraus Dennis , Coit Daniel G. , Busam Klaus J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy (SLNB) has become a standard staging procedure for patients with cutaneous neoplasms of known metastatic potential. In the current study, the authors explored the use of SLNB in patients with primary sweat gland carcinomas (SGCs).METHODSSix patients with SGC underwent SLNB. The tumors and lymph nodes were examined using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins.RESULTSMetastases were detected in the SLNs of four of the six patients with SGC. One patient with a primary tumor of the neck was found to have bilateral positive SLNs. Tumor deposits were detected by H&E stained sections alone in all but two SLNs, in which the metastatic cells were recognized only with the aid of immunohistochemical stains. Positive non‐SLNs were found in two patients after complete regional lymph node dissection was performed.CONCLUSIONSThe high frequency of positive SLNs in this small series suggests that SLNB is a useful staging tool for patients with SGC. As in SLNBs of other tumors, immunohistochemistry appears to facilitate the recognition of small microscopic metastases. Cancer 2003;97:2279–84. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11327
Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of early metastasis from sweat gland carcinoma
Authors: Bogner Paul N. , Fullen Douglas R. , Lowe Lori , Paulino Augusto , Sybil Biermann J. , Sondak Vernon K. , Su Lyndon D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral subtypes of sweat gland carcinoma have been found to demonstrate a propensity to metastasize systemically and to regional lymph nodes. The predictive value and benefit of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have been established in numerous other malignancies, but to the authors' knowledge there is little literature published to date regarding the use of SLN biopsy in patients with sweat gland carcinoma. In the current study, the authors demonstrated the utility of SLN biopsy in detecting subclinical metastases of sweat gland carcinoma, which may result in early treatment.METHODSThe authors identified five patients with malignant eccrine tumors in whom SLN biopsy was performed at the study institution. Clinical and histopathologic data were reviewed.RESULTSThe five study cases included two cases of aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (both occurring on upper extremity digits), two cases of hidradenocarcinoma (occurring on the knee and foot, respectively), and an eccrine carcinoma (occurring on the scalp). In each biopsy‐established case, there was no clinical evidence of metastatic disease, and a wide local excision or amputation was performed with concurrent SLN biopsy. Four of 18 SLNs in 3 of the 5 patients (60%) were found to be positive for metastatic carcinoma, as identified in hematoxylin and eosin stains and/or cytokeratin immunohistochemical stains. All three lymph node‐positive patients subsequently underwent regional lymphadenectomy and were found to have no evidence of additional metastases.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that SLN biopsy detects subclinical metastases from sweat gland carcinomas to regional lymph nodes. SLN mapping and biopsy at the time of resection can provide useful information with which to guide early treatment. Further studies are necessary to determine whether this procedure results in a survival benefit in patients with sweat gland carcinomas. Cancer 2003;97:2285–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11328
Role of E‐cadherins in development of lymphatic tumor emboli
Authors: Gupta Anita , Deshpande Charuhas G. , Badve Sunil 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDE‐cadherin (E‐cad) is a cell adhesion molecule that is expressed in normal breast tissue. While loss of E‐cad expression is a characteristic feature of lobular carcinoma, it also is observed in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). The presence of peritumoral intralymphatic emboli also is a poor prognostic feature in IDC. Invasive lobular carcinoma rarely is associated with intralymphatic emboli. In the current study, the authors assessed E‐cad expression in cases of IDC with and without intralymphatic tumor emboli to examine the potential role played by these molecules in the development of lymphatic emboli.METHODSFifty patients with high‐grade invasive ductal carcinoma—25 with prominent lymphatic invasion (LVI) and intralymphatic tumor emboli and 25 without LVI—were tested for expression of E‐cad. For both groups, the intensity and frequency of E‐cad expression was evaluated in tumor cells and lymphatic emboli; normal lobules were used as internal controls.RESULTSMembranous expression of E‐cad was observed in normal lobules and tumor cells in all patients, with the tumor cells exhibiting varying degrees of loss of expression. In the 25 LVI‐positive patients, the majority of tumor cells (including intralymphatic emboli) expressed E‐cad with an intensity and distribution similar to what was seen in normal lobules. In the LVI‐negative patients, the intensity and the distribution of E‐cad staining varied significantly. Tumor cells at the tumor‐stroma interface showed a greater frequency and intensity of E‐cad expression than did cells in the central region of the tumor.CONCLUSIONSStrong expression of E‐cad was observed in LVI‐positive patients with high‐grade IDC but not in LVI‐negative patients. Emboli also exhibited high‐intensity expression. These findings, taken in conjunction with the knowledge that intralymphatic tumor emboli in lobular carcinoma (which is E‐cad‐negative) are rare, suggest that E‐cad plays an important role in tumor development and growth within the lymphatics. Cancer 2003;97:2341–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11332
Current management of patients with melanoma who are pregnant, want to get pregnant, or do not want to get pregnant
Authors: Schwartz Jennifer L. , Mozurkewich Ellen L. , Johnson Timothy M. 
Published: April 2003

The authors discuss the issues raised in a report by Daryanani et al. in this issue of Cancer regarding pregnancy and hormonal contraception before, during, or after a woman is diagnosed with melanoma. Their objectives were to address the management of these patients and enhance the information provided by the authors.See also pages 2248–53.
Prediction of initial cytogenetic response for subsequent major and complete cytogenetic response to imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Talpaz Moshe , O'Brien Susan , Giles Francis , Beth Rios Mary , White Kevin , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Verstovsek Srdan , Wierda William , Kornblau Steven , Cortes Jorge 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDObtaining a major (Philadelphia chromosome [Ph] of < 35%) or a complete cytogenetic response (Ph of 0%) has been associated with excellent long‐term survival. Cytogenetic response may continue to improve with therapy. Because early allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) may be associated with a better outcome, early parameters predicting for subsequent cytogenetic responses would optimize the treatment decision‐making.METHODSThe current study was performed to analyze whether early cytogenetic responses may be predictive of later major or complete cytogenetic responses to imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with Ph‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).RESULTSTwo hundred sixty‐one patients with Ph‐positive, chronic‐phase CML after failure with interferon therapy who were treated with imatinib mesylate therapy were analyzed. A persistence of 100% Ph‐positive cells after ≥ 6 months of imatinib mesylate therapy was associated with a major cytogenetic response rate of 9–13% and a complete cytogenetic response rate of 0–4%. However, a minor cytogenetic response after 3–12 months of therapy still was associated with high rates of major (68–83%) or complete (35–54%) cytogenetic response rates.CONCLUSIONSPatients with Ph‐positive, chronic‐phase CML who have persistent 100% Ph‐positive disease after ≥ 6 months of imatinib mesylate therapy may be offered allogeneic SCT or considered for alternative investigational therapies. Cancer 2003;97:2225–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11381
Archaeological planning at Parris island Santa Elena national landmark
Authors: Wise Stephen R. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSince the establishment of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, the command has been dealing with an
archaeological site that dates from 1562 that contains the remains of Spanish and French colonial settlements.
Known as the Santa Elena/Charlesfort site, the area has been under excavation since the early 1920s. Because
of its importance to the colonial history of the United States, the site has been designated a national landmark.
Besides its cultural importance, the site has also served as a learning tool for the Depot in its care and
handling of cultural resources. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Success of the Army's 1996 red‐cockaded woodpecker management guidelines
Authors: Beaty Timothy A. , Bivings Albert E. , Reid Theodore , Myers Terence L. , Parris Stephen D. , Costa Ralph , Hayden Timothy J. , Ayers Thomas E. , Farley Scott M. , Woodson William E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn 1996, the U.S. Army's guidelines for management of red‐cockaded woodpeckers were revised to
reduce training restrictions and promote recovery. These seemingly opposed objectives in fact turned out to be
mutually supportive. The type of open pine forest that constitutes good red‐cockaded woodpecker habitat also
provides visibility and maneuver freedom that is suitable for many types of military training. Training
restrictions have not been shown to be particularly important in promoting expansion of red‐cockaded
woodpecker populations, but they are certainly a disincentive to installation commanders who must balance the
requirement to comply with the Endangered Species Act (ESA) with the requirement to train soldiers to
fight and win wars. This paper describes the circumstances that led to the revision of the Army's guidelines,
the approach that was used, and a summary of the important changes between the former and the new management
guidelines. Population trend data are also presented, and show that red‐cockaded woodpecker populations on
Army lands are increasing, suggesting that the new guidelines are beneficial. Furthermore, all Army installations
with adequate forested acreage are vigorously pursuing continued population growth to achieve recovery. Lessons
learned from the process of revising the Army's approach to red‐cockaded woodpecker management are
likely to have applications for other species, particularly on military lands. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.