bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Clinical Outcomes After Bilateral Implantation of Two Trifocal Diffractive IOLs
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin , Kretz Florian T.A. , Gerl Matthias , Breyer Detlev , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To show clinical outcomes after bilateral implantation of either a hydrophobic FineVision POD F GF or a hydro-philic FineVision POD F intraocular lens (IOL) (Beaver-Visitec International, Inc).

Methods:
A total of 110 patients with cataract were randomized to receive either POD F GF or POD F IOLs and followed up for 2 years. The measurements included refraction, monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected distance (UDVA and CDVA), intermediate (UIVA and DCIVA), and near (UNVA and DCNVA) visual acuities, defocus curve, photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity, photic phenomena, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results:
The mean spherical equivalent was similar in both groups and stable across visits (< 0.25 diopters [D]). At 2 years, 81.8% and 90.5% of eyes were within ±0.50 D in the POD F GF and POD F IOL groups, respectively (100% for ±1.00 D in both groups). At 2 years, 100% and 90.5% of the patients presented a binocular CDVA of 20/25 or better; 93.9% and 85.7% of patients a DCIVA of 20/25 or better and 87.5% and 70% of patients a DCNVA of 20/25 or better, for the POD F GF and POD F IOL groups, respectively. The defocus curve showed continuous visual acuity, being 20/32 or better in both groups over a 4.50 D range. Both groups presented good contrast sensitivity for photopic and mesopic conditions, and the size and intensity of halo and glare phenomena were similar between the two. Both groups also included a high percentage of patients who reported that they had stopped wearing glasses and greater than 80% satisfaction and recommendation levels.

Conclusions:
This study showed comparable long-term visual and refractive outcomes of both IOL models after cataract surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(12):798–807.]
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in Kurdistan region/Iraq
Authors: Rasool Sarween Sherzad , Mohammad Nawsherwan Sadiq , Hamza Hiwa Hassan , Alnuaimy Sarah Laith 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Mutations in the FLT3 gene are very common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These mutations are linked to a high chance of the disease relapse and decrease overall survival. This study aimed to investigate this mutation in AML cases and to correlate it with the clinicopathological presentation and their response to induction therapy.

OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to investigate this mutation in AML cases and to correlate it with the clinicopathological presentation and their response to induction therapy.

METHODS:
This study was done on 63 AML cases; for each patient, the clinical presentation and the hematological lab parameters were recorded. The results of FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation were recorded and the mutation was detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction technology. Postinduction assessment was recorded for each patient.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the studied group was 36.06 (22.42), with a male to female ratio of 1:1.6. Out of 63 AML patients, 16 (25.4%) had FLT3-ITD mutation. The highest incidence of the mutation was found among the age group of 10–19 years (40%). The highest incidence of FLT3 mutation was among M3 (45.5%). The blast count was significantly higher in patients with than without the mutation (P = 0.04). The remission rate was significantly lower in FLT3 AML patients than in those lacking the mutation (P = 0.45).

CONCLUSION:
FLT3-ITD mutation was common in our AML patients. This mutation was associated with significantly higher counts of blast and poorer response to induction therapy; thus, it is considered one of the poor prognostic factors.
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Practical Issues in Management
Authors: Roper Tayeba , Salama Alan David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
ANCA associated vasculitides are multi-system autoimmune diseases which are increasing in prevalence. In this review we will discuss the clinical manifestations and review the management options. We highlight the various trials of induction and maintenance therapy and discuss the areas of unmet need. These include understanding which patients are at highest risk of relapse, clinical adaptation of improved biomarkers of disease activity and tools to discuss long term prognosis
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India: A population-based study
Authors: Hegde Prakyath Ravindranath , Nirisha Lakshmi P. , Basavarajappa Chethan , Suhas Satish , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Benegal Vivek , Rao Girish N. , Varghese Mathew , Gururaj Gopalkrishna ,   NMHS National Collaborators Group
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders represent a significant global health concern, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of India, conducted between 2015 and 2016, investigated the prevalence and epidemiological correlates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in India.

Materials and Methods:
The NMHS conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 12 Indian states from 2015 to 2016, encompassing 34,802 adults. The overall study design of the NMHS was a multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling technique, incorporating random selection based on probability proportion to size at each stage. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 was used for psychiatric diagnoses, disability was assessed using Sheehan's disability scale, and the illness-related socioeconomic impact was assessed using a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Firth penalized logistic regression was employed to understand the correlates of current schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Results:
The study found a lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders at 1.41%, with a current prevalence of 0.42%. A substantial treatment gap of 72% existed for current cases, rising to 83.3% in urban non-metro areas. The penalized logistic regression revealed that the age group category of 30–49 years, unemployed status, and lower education level had higher odds of association with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Conclusion:
The primary finding of this study is a lifetime prevalence of 1.41%, a current prevalence of 0.42%, and a substantial treatment gap of 72%. Addressing this treatment gap and holistic intervention is crucial for reducing the socioeconomic impact of this disorder. Strengthening the National Mental Health Program and implementing community-based rehabilitation are essential first steps in this direction.
Treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders in Punjab
Authors: Garg Rohit , Chavan Bir Singh , Das Subhash , Puri Sonia , Banavaram Arvind A. , Benegal Vivek , Rao Girish N. , Varghese Mathew , Gururaj Gopalkrishna 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:
There is no data on the treatment gap and health care utilization for mental disorders from Punjab. The present study reports on the same by using the data collected during the National Mental Health Survey.

Settings and Design:
Multisite, multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling study conducted in four districts, namely Faridkot, Moga, Patiala, and Ludhiana (for urban metro areas). Data were collected from October 2015 to March 2016.

Materials and Methods:
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0.0 and Adapted Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale were used to diagnose mental and behavioral disorders and tobacco use disorder, respectively. Pathways Interview Schedule of the World Health Organization was applied to persons having any disorder to assess treatment gap and health care utilization. Exploratory focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to understand the community perceptions regarding mental and behavioral disorders.

Results:
The treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders was 79.59%, and it was higher for common mental disorders than severe mental disorders and higher for alcohol and tobacco use disorders as compared to opioid use disorders. The median treatment lag was 6 months. Only seven patients out of 79 were taking treatment from a psychiatrist, and the average distance traveled by the patient for treatment was 37.61 ± 45.5 km. Many attitudinal, structural, and other barriers leading to high treatment gaps were identified during FGDs in the community, such as stigma, poor knowledge about mental health, deficiency of psychiatrists, and distance from the hospital.

Conclusions:
Vertical as well as horizontal multisectoral integration is required to reduce the treatment gap and improve healthcare utilization. Increasing mental health literacy, providing high-quality mental health services at the primary-healthcare level and human resources development are the need of the hour.
Conjunctival necrosis due to periocular clear steroid injection mimicking scleral nodule
Authors: Natarajan Radhika , Giridhar Divya , Angayarkanni Narayanasamy , Bharathselvi Muthuvel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Conjunctival necrosis with or without scleritis is a rare complication following periocular administration of corticosteroids. A 60-year-old lady presented with a diffuse scleral nodule with an overlying sinus in her left eye following cataract surgery. Tests for immune and infective etiology were negative. Due to its recalcitrant nature despite scraping, antibiotic, and steroid treatment, she underwent a scleral biopsy of the affected area, which was negative for organisms. However, high-pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector revealed a significant presence of dexamethasone in the biopsy samples, which was the possible cause of conjunctival necrosis and ulceration mimicking scleritis.
Synopsis of Clients Seen at the Adolescent and Social Paediatrics Unit of a Tertiary Health Facility in South-East Nigeria: A Three-year Review
Authors: Anyanwu Onyinye Uchenna , Ikegwuonu Charles Izuchukwu , Uro-Chukwu Henry Chukwuemeka , Daniyan Olapeju Wunmi , Ezeanosike Obumneme Benaiah , Nwukor Samuel , Okich Chikosolu Yvonne , Onwe Emeka Ogah 
Published: December 2023

Background:
The adolescent period is a unique and crucial period of growth and development, in which the child transits from childhood to adulthood. It is characterised by several changes, both physiological and psychological, in preparation for adulthood. Thus, their health needs and health challenges differ from that of other children. Hence, the need to pay special attention to them and provide health and social support tailored toward their needs.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the pattern of cases that presented to the Adolescent and Social Pediatrics Unit (ASP) of the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) over a three-year period.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study done to determine the pattern of cases seen at the Adolescent and Social Paediatrics Unit of the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, between 2017 and 2019. Case files of all patients seen within the study period were retrieved, and all were included in the study. Relevant information such as age, gender, social class, diagnosis for both adolescent and nonadolescent age groups, treatment modalities, clinical subspecialties involved in management, and the outcome were retrieved. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 25, and results were presented as ratios, means, and proportions, whereas comparisons were made with the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact were applicable. P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 220 clients were seen over the given period. The adolescents were 148 (67.3%), whereas nonadolescents were 72 (32.7%). Among the adolescents, common diagnoses include sexual assault (24.3%), acne (8.1%), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) (8.1%), HIV (8.1%), somatisation disorder (6.8%), suicide attempts (5.4%), oppositional deviant disorders (4.1%), and conduct disorder (2.7%). In nonadolescents, common diagnoses include sepsis (30.6%), Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) (30.6%), and malaria (11.1%). There was a significant difference between the adolescents and nonadolescents with respect to diagnosis (P < 0.001), treatment modalities (P < 0.001), type of care received (P < 0.001), and outcome (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
The study has portrayed that the common medical conditions seen among adolescents include sexual assault, acne, HIV, PID/STI, and somatisation. This will be useful in developing health-care services and program geared toward adolescent health.
Prevalence, Pattern, and Perception of Female Undergraduates about Sexual Harassment in a Tertiary Institution in Southwestern Nigeria: An Evaluation of the National Bill on Sexual Harassment
Authors: Olugbenga-Bello Adenike Iyanuoluwa , Jegede Oluwatosin Samson , Ijitade Grace , Aderinto Nicholas , Olajide Abolade Oluwatosin 
Published: December 2023

Background:
A current national bill on sexual harassment proposes jail terms for failure to investigate and prosecute the offenders of sexual harassment at Nigerian colleges and universities.

Aim:
The study aimed to effectively evaluate the impacts of the new bill, we assessed the current prevalence rates and pattern of sexual harassment among female undergraduates in Southwestern, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Data were obtained from 420 respondents in a cross-sectional study design. We included female aged 18 years and above and excluded students in their first year. Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using IBM SPSS version 28. Multivariate analysis was done to identify the predictors of sexual harassment.

Results:
The prevalence of sexual harassment was 48.2% among participants, and the highest perpetrators of harassment were victims’ boyfriends. The common patterns of harassment experienced by respondents include sexual jokes or stories that were insulting or offensive (44.7%), brushing of body parts in an unwelcomed manner (27.8%), and persistent demand for sex by lecturers or students (20.6%) among others. After controlling for possible confounders, the odds of sexual harassment was 0.604 times (95% confidence interval: 0.388–0.942) less likely among students in higher academic years (i.e., 400 and 500 levels) compared to those in lower academic years (200 and 300 levels).

Conclusion:
The high prevalence of sexual harassment in our study indicates that southwestern universities are yet to meet the goals of the national bill. Institutions of higher learning are urged to discourage societal tolerance for sexual harassment by enforcing sexual harassment prevention regulations in the national bill.
Blood Pressure Trend in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease in Nigeria, Sub-Saharan African Region
Authors: Adiele Daberechi Kenneth , Ojinnaka Ngozi Chinyelu , Okafor Henrietta Uchenna , Chinawa Josephat Maduabuchi 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Various mechanisms are involved in the development of hypertension in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), some of which are due to the disease process, while some are due to the treatments employed in CKD.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the trend of blood pressure in Nigerian children with CKD comparable with controls.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study assessing the blood pressure of children from 6 to 17 years with CKD and selected age- and sex-matched controls who were recruited consecutively at the Paediatric Nephrology Clinic and Children Outpatient Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.

Results:
The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 126.08 ± 37.43 mmHg for subjects compared to 105.04 ± 14.33 mmHg for controls, whereas the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 78.96 ± 22.74 mmHg for subjects compared to 66.25 ± 10.66 mmHg for controls. The distribution of SBP and DBP across the CKD stages showed more severe hypertension (Stages I and II) prevalence in the later stages of CKD (Stages 4 and 5) (χ
y

2 = 7.21, P = 0.01, respectively). The mean value of the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was 94.67 ± 26.98 mmHg for subjects compared to 79.18 ± 10.61 mmHg for controls. The increase in MAP across the stages of CKD was significant.

Conclusion:
This study shows a high prevalence of the severe forms of high blood pressure in this group of children with CKD in the subregion.
Grit and its associated factors among final year pharmacy students in public universities in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Isah Abdulmuminu , Nwachuya Chukwuemeka Augustine , Aniefuna Chisom Victoria , Onyehalu Jennifer Chinaecherem , Mmuo Somadina Sixtus , Agozue Onyinyechi Cynthia , Ugwu Dickson Onyedikachi , Amandi Nancy Chinwe , Asogwa John Chidimma , Umeh Anthony Uche , Ugochukwu Ezinwanne Jane , Ubaka Chukwuemeka Micheal 
Published: December 2023

Background: Assessing grit among pharmacy students provides insights into the students' experiences as well as the importance of implementing interventions to increase their levels of grit. The purpose of this study was to assess students' grit in Nigerian pharmacy schools and to identify factors that predict the amount of grit among pharmacy students.
Methods: This study utilised a nine-item questionnaire-based cross-sectional design among final-year pharmacy students from one public university, in each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria for a month. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed.
Results: A total of 590 pharmacy students responded to the questionnaire (response rate = 66.89%). Most students 409 (69.32%) were between the ages of 20 - 25 years. A majority, 573 (97.1%) reported being free from any chronic diseases and 427 (72.37%) reported being engaged in extracurricular activities. A group mean grit score of 37.091 ± 0.253 was observed. Students from all the schools reported ‘Not Like me’ 14 (2.37%) to ‘I have overcome setbacks to conquer an important challenge’, while 275 (46.61%) chose ‘Very much like me’. Predictors of high grit level were institution (Beta, p-value), mode of accommodation (ꞵ = 1.494, p = .039), and sponsorship (ꞵ = 4.207, p = .047).
Conclusion: Pharmacy students in Nigeria have a high grit level and the institution of study had an impact on the level of grit.
The Effect of Relaxation and Slow Breathing Technique (RSBT) as A Non-Pharmacological Intervention on Blood Pressure Level Among Stage 1 Hypertensive Older Adults
Authors: Rakhman Arif , Khodijah Khodijah , Prastiani Dwi Budi , Widodo Yessy Pramita 
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of hypertension is relatively high, and the number still increases by year. Various studies have demonstrated that non-pharmacological methods have been shown capable of lowering blood pressure such as relaxation techniques, and also slow breathing technique. This study aims to determine the effects of relaxation and slow breathing technique (RSBT) on blood pressure level among stage 1 hypertensive older adults. This study utilized quantitative research method and the research design employed in this study is the one group interrupted time series pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. Two types of instruments were used in this study to gather the pertinent data and information. The researcher utilized the checklist form to record the result of observation. The researcher also utilized biophysiologic instrument to measure to measure the blood pressure level of the participants. The participants of the study were ten (10) male and ten (10) female older adults with stage 1 hypertension who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Repeated-Measures ANOVA and the Post Hoc test was utilizing series of t-test. The result shows that there is a significant difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure level among participants before and after the implementation of the RSBT in both initial phase (first week) and reinstituted phase (third week). Prolonging of implementation of RBST would be more powerful to reduce blood pressure level among older adult with stage I hypertension.
AN IDEAL LEADER MODEL BASED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF ‘GUNDUL GUNDUL PACUL’ IN THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES
Authors: Sulistyawati Sri , Setyawan Iwan 
Published: December 2023

One of the causes of corruption is unquestionably inseparable from the role and leadership panache of the leadership of an institution or organization in its activities. Leadership appears along with human civilization, along with the times, and leadership can now be seen from various perspectives or points of view. Therefore, there are many definitions of leadership put forward by experts from their respective perspectives. Even so, some of these definitions still point to similarities in leadership itself. The reality is that many leaders do not realize that their leadership style is a role model for their subordinates and their success in realizing the organization and institution they lead. This is evident in the many leaders of state institutions who stumbled on corruption cases because they were not aware of their role as a leader, which resulted in the leaders forgetting their roles and responsibilities as a leader. We can see this from the many leaders who have gone to prison as a result of this is due to committing crimes of corruption that harm the people they lead. It is time for this leadership style to return to a leadership style based on local wisdom as the philosophy contained in the lyrics of the ‘Gundul Gundul Pacul’, where a leader must not be arrogant, must not be arrogant, a leader must serve those who give the mandate to him and a leader must prosper his subordinates or his people. The methodology used in this article is a sociological descriptive approach to the local wisdom culture of the ‘Gundul Gundul Pacul Gembelengan’ song lyrics originating from Central Java, Indonesia. The ‘Gundul-Gundul Pacul’ is a rhyme that appeared in the 1400s and was popularized by Sunan Kalijaga and contains a deep philosophical meaning about the characteristics of a leader. This ‘pantun’ gives us an idea of an ideal leader who must have high integrity, be completely trustworthy, not arrogant and uphold honor. From an analysis of the meaning of the philosophy contained in the lyrics of the song ‘Gundul Gundul Pacul’, leaders should be obliged to apply this philosophy in order to avoid criminal acts of corruption, but in reality, many leaders ignore it so that many are caught in criminal acts of corruption.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0058/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
The co-existence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among individuals with hemoglobinopathies and their effects on red cellindices
Authors: Sabri Sawer , Mohammed Dilveen Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

Background: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and hemoglobinopathies are common among people of Duhok city in northern Iraq.
Objectives: The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among individuals with thalassemia and sickle cell disorder,
Methods: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase was estimated in eighty-four (84) persons with hemoglobinopathies to observe its prevalence. A manual procedure was used to estimate the G6PD enzyme activity of fresh samples from the participants using BIOLABO SA, G6PD assay kit (Maizy, France).
Results: G6PD deficit was detected in 15(17.90%) of the case, (10.71%) of SCD, and (7.14%) of beta thalassemia syndromes with a statistically significant association between G6PD enzyme level and clinical diagnosis. No significant correlation between RBC count and RDW was seen between low and G6PD enzyme level individuals with hemoglobinopathies.
Conclusion: The study emphasized the prevalence of G6PD deficit to be higher among individuals with hemoglobinopathy compared to the normal subject from a previous study from the same geographical region.