bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of melt pool dimension with in-situ monitored acoustic emission signal in laser powder bed fusion of austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Sung Sunghyun , Song Yeonghwan , Kim Wonrae , Kwon Ohyung , Jhang Kyung-Young 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between melt pool dimensions and acoustic emission (AE) signal magnitudes obtained during laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process of austenitic stainless steel. Specifically, by varying laser power and scan speed, the widths, depths and aspect ratios of melt pools were compared with AE signal magnitudes across a frequency range of 100–200 kHz.

Design/methodology/approach
Experiments were conducted under different laser powers at a fixed scan speed and scan speeds at a fixed laser power. Melt pool dimensions were measured from cross-sectional optical images, and AE signals were obtained using a piezoelectric AE sensor installed beneath the build plate. Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) was applied to AE signals, and the magnitudes of frequency components were obtained.

Findings
A strong correlation between melt pool dimensions and STFT magnitude was obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients between melt pool dimensions and STFT magnitudes were above 0.9 and the p-values were below 0.05. Increasing the laser energy enlarged the volume of melt pool and intensified the oscillation of melt pool. When scan speed exceeded 1,100 mm/s, STFT magnitude showed a slight increase owing to the increase in the vapor pressure.

Originality/value
Previous studies used AE signals to detect defects, but this study found a correlation between STFT magnitude and melt pool dimensions in L-PBF process. It was also found that STFT magnitude was more affected by vapor pressure at higher scan speeds. Monitoring STFT magnitude can help to understand melt pool dynamics, maintain process consistency and identify irregularities in real time.
Unveiling the drivers behind carbon emissions disclosure: an ESG perspective
Authors: Jarboui Anis , Mnif Emna , Akrout Zied , Chakroun Salma 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to explore the key drivers of voluntary carbon disclosures among French firms, highlighting environmental, social and governance (ESG) components and sustainable investments as crucial factors.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses H2O AutoML, an advanced machine-learning framework, to examine CO2 emissions disclosure among 77 French non-financial companies listed on the SBF 120 index from 2017–2021. The research rigorously assesses CO2 disclosures using the Carbon Disclosure Project Index criteria, enhancing the precision of the findings. This approach paves the way for innovative advancements in ESG research by integrating cutting-edge computational tools with conventional environmental reporting metrics.

Findings
Social performance and sustainable investments are the most significant predictors of CO2 disclosure, outweighing traditional financial metrics such as the Book-to-Market ratio and direct environmental factors. Variable importance analysis and heatmaps underscore the critical role of social factors in shaping corporate transparency regarding carbon emissions.

Practical implications
This research offers valuable insights for companies and policymakers aiming to enhance environmental transparency and reporting, underscoring the significance of integrating ESG factors. Carbon emissions disclosure plays a critical role in promoting sustainability, ensuring regulatory compliance, attracting investors and strengthening risk management practices.

Originality/value
This research presents an innovative methodology for analyzing CO2 emissions disclosure using advanced machine learning within the H2O AutoML framework. It emphasizes the importance of model diversity and variable consideration to comprehensively understand environmental disclosure, potentially guiding policymakers and businesses in improving transparency and sustainability practices.
Research on a phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram signal classification algorithm based on global group coordinate attention mechanism and multi-scale feature fusion
Authors: Wang Guofu , Yang Yuhua , Cui Jiangong , Zhang Wendong , Zhang Guojun , Wang Renxin , Shi Pengcheng , Tian Hua 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease has continued to rise, and early screening and prevention are especially critical. Phonocardiography (PCG) and electrocardiography (ECG), as simple, cost-effective and non-invasive tests, are important tools for clinical analysis. However, it is difficult to fully reflect the complexity of the cardiovascular system using PCG or ECG tests alone. Combining the multimodal signals of PCG and ECG can provide complementary information to improve the detection accuracy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a multimodal signal classification method based on continuous wavelet transform and improved ResNet18.

Design/methodology/approach
The classification method is based on the ResNet18 backbone, and the ResNet18 network is improved by embedding the global grouped coordinate attention mechanism module and the improved bidirectional feature pyramid network. Firstly, a data acquisition system was built using a MEMS-integrated PCG-ECG sensor to construct a private data set. Second is the time-frequency transformation of PCG and ECG synchronized signals on public and private data sets using continuous wavelet transform. Finally, the time-frequency images are categorized.

Findings
The global grouped coordinate attention mechanism and bidirectional feature pyramid network modules proposed in this paper significantly enhance the model’s performance. On public data sets, the method achieves precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and F1 score of 97.96%, 98.51%, 97.58%, 98.08% and 98.23%, respectively, which represent improvements of 3.54%, 3.92%, 4.18%, 4.03% and 3.72% compared to ResNet18. Additionally, it demonstrates a clear advantage over existing mainstream algorithms. On private data sets, the method’s five metrics are 98.15%, 98.76%, 98.08%, 98.42% and 98.45%, further validating the model’s generalization ability.

Originality/value
The method proposed in this paper not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of the test but also provides an effective solution for early screening and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Investigating the nutritional quality of charitable ready meals for people experiencing food insecurity—An Australian case study
Authors: Law Kristy K. , Trieu Kathy , James Emma , Derjeu Crickette , Zheng Belinda , Tian Maoyi , Wang Tengyi , Wu Jason H. Y. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTo analyse the nutritional quality of ready meals produced by a food relief charity in Melbourne, Victoria, to identify areas of nutritional strength and opportunities for improvement.MethodsData for this cross‐sectional study were collected over 30 consecutive cooking days in January–February, May–June, and October–November 2023. Chefs used pre‐specified, standardised forms to collect data such as raw ingredients and cooked weights. Data collected were entered into FoodWorks 10 for analysis. Average nutrient content and number of food group serves per meal were reported. Six criteria were used to assess nutritional quality, for noncommunicable disease prevention: contains ≥1 serve (i.e., ≥75 g) non‐starchy vegetables per meal, does not contain processed meats, used wholegrains, sodium <700 mg/meal, sugar <15 g/100 g, and unsaturated: saturated fat ratio ≥2:1.ResultsNinety meal batches were collected and analysed per single meal serving. All meals contained ≥1 serve of non‐starchy vegetables and <15 g of sugar/100 g. Two out of 90 meals contained processed meats (i.e., sausages), and only one meal used wholegrains. Half of all meals met the <700 mg sodium/meal criteria, with the meals containing a mean (SD) 794 mg (378.5) of sodium. Most meals (62%) did not meet the ≥2:1 unsaturated: saturated fat ratio.ConclusionsMeals contained adequate non‐starchy vegetable content, were low in sugar, and had minimal use of processed meats. Improvements could be made to their wholegrain, sodium, and fat content. Improving the nutritional quality of charitable meals could significantly improve recipients' health, without detracting from the call for policy action on food insecurity.
Navigating challenges and adherence in time‐restricted eating: A qualitative study
Authors: Rathomi Hilmi S. , Mavaddat Nahal , Katzenellenbogen Judith M. , Thompson Sandra C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsAdherence to any dietary approach is crucial for achieving long‐term benefits. This qualitative study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers to adherence, and how individuals in community settings navigate time‐restricted eating in their daily lives.MethodsSemi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 21 participants who had practised time‐restricted eating (confining the daily eating window to <10h a day; and excluding periodic fasting methods like the 5:2 approach or alternate day fasting) for periods ranging from 3 months to more than 5 years. A qualitative content analysis, underpinned by the Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation‐Behaviour Model, identified multiple facilitators, barriers, and strategies that evolved over the practice.ResultsKey facilitators included the simplicity and versatility of time‐restricted eating, maintaining a non‐obsessive and non‐dieting mindset, and having a supportive environment. Barriers included hunger and food cravings, an obsessive mindset during the initial stages, and conflicting schedules with social eating occasions, including holidays. Participants employed several coping strategies to successfully navigate adherence and reported confidence in maintaining time‐restricted eating as a lifestyle that contributes to better health and weight management.ConclusionOur findings suggest that successful implementation of time‐restricted eating in community settings requires flexibility and viewing it as more than a short‐term weight loss tool. Guidelines are needed to help individuals and practitioners implement better practices and promote healthier behaviours.
Sarcopenia as a Risk Factor for Mortality in NAFLD: How Should We Diagnose It?
Authors: Stankevicius Catherine , Davis Rachel H. , Huynh Dep , Hatzi Martine , Morgillo Stephanie , Day Alice S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesSarcopenia increases the risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Subsequently, poorly managed NAFLD can result in adverse health outcomes. Lifestyle interventions are effective for both NAFLD and sarcopenia; however, diagnosis of sarcopenia in this population is not well defined. This review aimed to examine current methods to diagnose sarcopenia in NAFLD patients.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles published until July 2023 using the terms “Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease,” “NAFLD,” “fatty liver,” “sarcopenia,” and “myoatrophy.” Studies were excluded if they included pediatric populations, did not diagnose both sarcopenia and NAFLD, or included patients with alternate causes of liver disease.ResultsTwenty studies, predominantly from Asian countries (14 [70.0%]), involving 68 848 participants (45.5% females) were included. In 15 studies, most participants had a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Heterogeneity in the tools used to diagnose NAFLD was identified, with abdominal ultrasound being the most commonly used. European, Asian, and Australasian Sarcopenia Working Groups had differing diagnostic definitions of sarcopenia. Of the three potential diagnostic elements of sarcopenia (muscle mass, strength, function), all studies measured muscle mass, commonly through bioelectrical impedance analysis (12 [60.0%]). Seven studies (35.0%) measured muscle strength, with the majority (n = 6) utilizing hand grip strength. Four (20.0%) measured muscle function, through gait speed or a timed up‐and‐go test.ConclusionsThe lack of standardization in sarcopenia diagnosis for NAFLD patients is concerning. A consistent definition is necessary to prevent this comorbidity from being overlooked, improve care, and outcomes.
Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sharma Meha , Das Siddharth Kumar , Mohindra Ritin , Dutta Deep 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsNo meta‐analysis has holistically analyzed and summarized the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). We undertook this meta‐analysis to address this knowledge‐gap.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for RCTs involving patients living with PMR receiving tocilizumab in intervention arm, and placebo/active comparator in control arm. Primary outcome was to evaluate percentage of patients able to achieve C‐reactive protein PMR assessment score (CRP‐PMR‐AS) < 10 or prednisolone dose < 5 mg/day or > 10 mg/dL decline in prednisolone from baseline. Secondary outcomes were to determine percentage of patients able to totally stop prednisolone and adverse‐events.ResultsFrom initially screened 115 articles, data from 2 RCTs (136 patients) was analyzed. In addition, a descriptive analysis of 8 observational studies (356 patients) was also done. After 24‐weeks of clinical use, patients with PMR receiving tocilizumab had significantly higher chances of achieving composite primary end‐point defined as CRP‐PMR‐AS < 10 and either prednisone dosage < 5 mg/day or decrease in prednisolone dosage by > 10 mg/day compared to baseline [odds ratio (OR) 4.89 (95% CI: 2.34–10.23); p < 0.001; I2 = 0%], compared to placebo. Patients with PMR receiving tocilizumab also had significantly higher chances of being able to stop prednisolone compared to placebo [OR 4.45 (95% CI: 2.06–9.61); p < 0.001; I2 = 0%]. Occurrence of total adverse‐events [risk ratio (RR) 1.24 (95% CI: 0.50–3.12); p = 0.64; I2 = 0%], adverse‐events leading to treatment discontinuation [RR 0.45 (95% CI: 0.10–2.02); p = 0.29; I2 = 17%], and infections [RR 1.71 (95% CI: 0.83–3.52); p = 0.14; I2 = 6%] were comparable in patients receiving tocilizumab as compared to placebo. Observational studies have noted lung infections, neutropenia and increased cholesterol with tocilizumab use.ConclusionTocilizumab is well tolerated and is effective for managing PMR. Tocilizumab is an effective glucocorticoid sparing agent in PMR.
Individual or team analyst reports? The organization of analyst research activities
Authors: Chen Xia , Jia Ning , Wang Dan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGiven the importance of research resource allocation within brokerage firms, we examine key factors that influence the issuance of individual versus team analyst reports. Using a comprehensive sample of analyst reports from China for the 2008–2021 period, we find that this decision is influenced by (1) the brokerage firm's client interests, whereby firms held by the brokerage firm's mutual fund clients and firms that are the brokerage firm's underwriting clients receive more team than individual reports from the brokerage firm, and (2) the nature of corporate events, whereby routine events receive more team reports and nonroutine events receive more individual reports. Additional analyses suggest that analysts' personal traits and analyst team characteristics also affect the decision. Our findings further the understanding of the factors that affect the organization and resource allocation of sell‐side equity research.
Use of Allied Health Services in Rural Northern Victoria, Australia
Authors: Hamilton Andrew J. , McGrath Ryan , Bourke Lisa , Glenister Kristen M. , Simmons David 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveLittle is known about the socio‐demographic factors associated with the use of allied health services in rural Australia. The objective of this study was to determine which factors were associated with the use of various modes of allied health in a region of Northern Victoria.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the Crossroads‐II population health study. Generalised linear mixed models were constructed.DesignHouseholds were selected at random through address local government area lists. Data were collected by door‐to‐door surveying.SettingsThe northern part of the Goulburn Valley, Victoria, including one large rural conurbation (MM 3) and three medium rural towns (MM 4).ParticipantsOver 15 years of age.Main Outcome MeasuresUse of allied health services.ResultsThe odds of using audiology (1.047 [1.035, 1.059]), optometry (1.034 [1.027, 1.042]) and podiatry (1.052 [1.039, 1.066]) increased with age, and psychology decreased (0.985 [0.974, 0.997]). Females had lower odds than males for audiology (0.708 [0.553, 0.907]) and greater odds for optometry (1.712 [1.421, 2.064]) and pharmacy advice (1.593 [1.317, 1.927]). Greater odds were observed forbeing Australian‐born and pharmacy advice (1.581 [1.149, 2.175]), English spoken at home and physiotherapy (2.415 [1.279, 4.560]), a bachelor's degree and psychology (1.579 [1.011, 2.466]) and pharmacy advice (1.296 [1.002, 1.675]), not working and psychology (3.518 [1.999, 6.191]) and social work (4.202 [2.110, 8.367]). Those unable to work had greater odds of using six of the eight services investigated.ConclusionSocio‐demographic associations with allied health use vary across disciplines. For this population in rural Victoria, socio‐demographic associations were observed for all of the allied health modalities studied. Such relationships need to be studied in other rural and allied health contexts.
Dietary Protein Reduction in Lean Pigs From Pietrain Paternal Line Under Commercial Setting: An Interplay Between Nitrogen Efficiency and Meat Attributes
Authors: Álvarez‐Rodríguez Javier , Vigo‐Morancho Alba , Miana‐Mena Francisco Javier , Pérez‐Ciria Leticia , Latorre Maria Angeles 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA trial was conducted to research the impact of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) levels from 14.8% to 12.6% in the finishing diet (90–120 kg of body weight) of lean pigs, with an essential AA supply (8.8 g Lys, 2.1 g Met, 6.7 g Thr, 5.5 g Ile, and 6.7 g Val, per kilogram of feed) in intact males and females under commercial setting. The productive performances and nitrogen (N) balance, blood markers related to protein metabolism, apparent digestibility of nutrients, carcass, and meat quality were evaluated. This dietary CP restriction did not impair the growth performances, decreased the N excretion, and did not affect the apparent digestibility of most nutrients, except phosphorus digestibility, which was reduced in the low‐CP diet. The responses to this dietary CP restriction were independent of sex, except the serum urea concentration and total proteins, which were only steadily reduced in intact males fed the low‐CP diet. The low‐CP diet reduced the nutritional pork quality by increasing the moisture content, although the technological characteristics of meat were not affected. Further studies are required to improve the sex‐tailored feeding strategies for high‐conformed lean pigs in an environmentally friendly context.
Supersulfide metabolome of exhaled breath condensate applied as diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer
Authors: Asamitsu Seji , Ozawa Yohei , Okamoto Hiroshi , Ogata Seiryo , Matsunaga Tetsuro , Yoshitake Jun , Fusegawa Kazuki , Taniyama Yusuke , Sato Chiaki , Ishida Hirotaka , Abe Takaaki , Motohashi Hozumi , Akaike Takaaki , Kamei Takashi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEarly detection of esophageal cancer is essential for esophagogastroduodenoscopy and histopathological diagnosis. However, endoscopic examinations are sometimes invasive, which limits their clinical application and compliance, and traditional blood tumor markers are unsuitable for cancer screening. The current study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of sulfur metabolites as new biomarkers for esophageal cancer using blood samples and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), which can be readily obtained and is non‐invasive. We collected EBC and plasma samples from 50 patients with esophageal cancer and 30 healthy controls. Sulfur metabolome analysis using tandem mass spectrometry was performed to compare the metabolic profile between the two groups. Supersulfide metabolic profiles were different between the two cohorts. Supersulfide metabolome analysis showed that cysteine hydropersulfide (CysSSH) and homocysteine hydropersulfide (HomoCysSSH) were increased in the plasma of patients with esophageal cancer. Elevated levels of HomoCysSSH could distinguish patients with esophageal cancer from healthy subjects (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.93, sensitivity: 89%, specificity: 96%). Interestingly, we also detected an elevation of supersulfides in the EBC analysis. CysSSH levels significantly increased in the EBC recovered from patients with esophageal cancer (AUC: 0.71, sensitivity: 60%, specificity: 96%). In addition, the observed level was correlated with that of HomoCysSSH in the plasma (r = 0.27). Supersulfides, such as CysSSH and HomoCysSSH, are potential biomarkers for detecting esophageal cancer. CysSSH from EBC may serve as a valuable non‐invasive biomarker with similar detection ability but with superior precision and convenience compared with the currently available blood biomarkers.
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Support, Genetic Prediction and Accurate Genetic Counselling Enhance Family Planning Choices
Authors: Kearns Lisa S. , Staffieri Sandra E. , Mackey David A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWith the increased availability of genetic testing and the addition of mitochondrial genetic variants on disease panels, accurate genetic counselling for individuals and families affected by, or at risk of, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is becoming increasingly relevant. Challenges in providing genetic counselling for LHON include its mitochondrial inheritance pattern, different haplogroups, incomplete penetrance and that it predominantly affects males. Accurate genetic counselling aims to avoid incorrect disease‐risk assessment and delays in either diagnosis or implementation of psychosocial support. Families are also empowered to make autonomous health decisions regarding potential trigger factors for LHON vision loss and informed reproductive choices. Using clinical vignettes, this review demonstrates that an increased awareness of LHON amongst eye care, general and genetic health professionals can address challenges and misconceptions.
Composition as Nonlinear Combination in Semantic Space: A Computational Characterization of Compound Processing
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Xu Xu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMost Chinese words are compounds formed through the combination of meaningful characters. Yet, due to compositional complexity, it is poorly understood how this combinatorial process affects the access to the whole‐word meaning. In the present study, we turned to the recent development in compositional distributional semantics, and employed a deep neural network to learn the less‐than‐systematic relationship between the constituent characters and the compound words. Based on the compositional representations derived from the computational model, we investigated the combinatorial process in terms of the degree of overlap between the compositional and the lexicalized representations as well as the degree of distinctness of the compositional representation. Analyses of lexical decision and eye‐tracking data revealed the effects of both compositional attributes over and above the effects of constituent character features and compound features, indicating an active engagement of the combinatorial process in compound processing. Moreover, with the increase of compound frequency, and thus the increased likelihood that the holistic route prevails, these compositional effects appeared to be dampened. These findings, therefore, provided a computational characterization for the dual‐route framework, which sheds light on the universal process of compound comprehension across different languages.