bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working upstream: A statewide analysis of individual and contextual risk factors for future juvenile justice involvement among youth receiving prevention services
Authors: Sheppard Keller G. , Hernandez Jorge L. , Butts Jovontae , Mendonca Orlando , Orange Julie C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryJuvenile justice agencies are increasing their emphasis on early intervention and prevention services as a growing body of research evinces their effectiveness and cost efficiency. The present study analyzed the relationship between individual risk factors, contextual risk factors, and future juvenile justice involvement for 30,328 Florida youth residing in 3309 census tracts served by prevention programs. A series of two‐level logistic regressions indicated that several distinct criminological domains (e.g., aggression, relationships, family, substance use, and attitudes/behaviors) predict future juvenile justice system involvement. However, education‐related risk factors are among the most consequential for all youth, especially older youth. Concerning community context, neighborhood disadvantage directly affects system involvement, but only for youth under 12.Policy ImplicationsThese findings indicate the importance of addressing highly consequential risk factors—especially educational deficits—of youth in early intervention and prevention programs while also recognizing the impact of their social environments. Agencies attempting to work upstream with prevention services may benefit from prioritizing educational services and allocating resources to highly disadvantaged communities for early intervention programming.
Composite haemangioendothelioma with neuroendocrine marker differentiation presenting as a pink–brown nodule
Authors: Jones Chelsea Morgan Ellen , Nieweg Omgo E. , Isaacs Frank , Cheung Karen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report a case of a 55‐year‐old female with an asymptomatic pink–brown nodule. Histological examination demonstrated a composite haemangioendothelioma with positive synaptophysin staining.
Effect of albumin infusion on oxidative albumin modification and albumin binding capacity in chronic liver failure
Authors: Stauber Rudolf E. , Paar Margret , Balazs Irina , Horvath Angela , Feldbacher Nicole , Posch Andreas , Rainer Florian , Stadlbauer Vanessa , Oettl Karl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOxidative albumin modification and impaired albumin binding function have been described both in chronic liver failure and for therapeutic albumin solutions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of albumin infusion on redox state and binding function of circulating albumin. We studied 20 patients with cirrhosis who routinely received albumin infusions for prevention of post‐paracentesis circulatory dysfunction or treatment of hepatorenal syndrome. We measured albumin fractions by redox state of cysteine‐34 and albumin binding properties using dansylsarcosine as site II ligand. Therapeutic albumin solutions showed high contents of human nonmercaptalbumin‐1 and human nonmercaptalbumin‐2, exceeding the respective values in our patients with decompensated cirrhosis. An initial protocol for the first nine patients sampled at baseline, 24 h and 48 h after albumin infusion revealed no significant changes of oxidized albumin species or albumin binding properties. However, a modified protocol for the remaining 11 patients sampled at baseline, <1 h after and 24 h after albumin infusion revealed short‐lived changes of oxidized albumin species while no changes in albumin binding properties were observed. In conclusion, therapeutic albumin infusion transiently changed albumin redox state but did not improve binding function of circulating albumin in chronic liver failure.
Impact of COVID‐19 on ophthalmic medical access during successive waves: Demographics, disease factors, and wave locations
Authors: Lee Kwanghyun , Park Young Min , Choi Jung‐Kyu , Lee Jaekwang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic significantly impacted medical care, including ophthalmology. This study aimed to identify factors associated with reduced ophthalmic medical access during the pandemic.MethodsThis nationwide population‐based cohort study analysed South Korean health insurance claims data from January 2019 to November 2021. Outpatient visits and surgeries for age‐related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal detachment during the two pandemic waves were compared with those in the non‐pandemic period. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios and changes in outpatient visits and surgeries between waves concerning patient age, sex, residential location, and health insurance type.ResultsOutpatient visits for five eye diseases decreased in the first wave (0.733–0.985, P < 0.001). In the second wave, only outpatient visits for age‐related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma decreased (0.754, 0.878, and 0.874, respectively, all P < 0.001). Age‐related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma surgeries were significantly reduced in the first wave (0.829, P < 0.001; 0.836, P < 0.001; 0.904, P = 0.030, respectively). Age‐related macular degeneration (0.852) and cataract (0.716) surgeries dropped in the second wave. Women and elderly (>65 years) patients curtailed outpatient visits and surgeries more throughout the pandemic and were less resilient during the second wave. Wave location was also related to outpatient visits and surgeries.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic decreased outpatient visits and surgeries for eye diseases, with more significant impact on women, older patients, and those residing near wave locations. These findings can inform healthcare policies to minimise future pandemic impacts on healthcare delivery.
Impact of weight loss and weight gain trajectories on body composition in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Yates T. , Biddle G. J. H. , Henson J. , Edwardson C. L. , Arsenyadis F. , Goff L. M. , Papamargaritis D. , Webb D. R. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimIn a primary care population at high risk of type 2 diabetes, 24‐month weight change trajectories were used to investigate the impact of weight cycling on fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM).Materials and MethodsCohort data from the Walking Away from Type 2 Diabetes trial was used, which recruited adults at‐risk of type 2 diabetes from primary care in 2009/10. Annual weight change trajectories based on weight loss/gain of ≥5% were assessed over two 24‐month periods. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Repeated measures were analysed using generalized estimating equations with participants contributing up to two 24‐month observation periods.ResultsIn total, 622 participants were included (average age = 63.6 years, body mass index = 32.0 kg/m2, 35.4% women), contributing 1163 observations. Most observations (69.2%) were from those that maintained their body weight, with no change to FM or FFM. A minority (4.6% of observations) lost over 5% of body weight between baseline and 12 months, which was then regained between 12 and 24 months. These individuals regained FM to baseline levels, but lost 1.50 (0.66, 2.35) kg FFM, adjusted for confounders. In contrast, those that gained weight between baseline and 12 months but lost weight between 12 and 24 months (5.5% of observations) had a net gain in FM of 1.70 (0.27, 3.12) kg with no change to FFM.ConclusionWeight cycling may be associated with a progressive loss in FFM and/or gain in FM in those with overweight and obesity at‐risk of type 2 diabetes.
Identifying eating disorders at the earliest opportunity: Testing the reliability of an online eating disorder screener (IOI‐S) in primary care and youth mental health settings
Authors: Bryant E. , Spielman K. , Burton A. L. , Ong S. H. , Livney J. , Corry S. , Maguire S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimEating disorders (EDs) are associated with significant disease burden and unacceptably high mortality rates. Early intervention significantly improves prognosis and can prevent chronic suffering; however, large numbers of people with the illness are not being identified or managed in primary healthcare. The current study aimed to test the reliability of the face‐to‐face, clinician delivery of a previously validated, co‐designed, online screening tool for eating disorders.MethodsIndividuals aged 14 and over who read, English were recruited from the community in either primary care (general practice) settings or headspace youth mental health centres. They completed the InsideOut Institute Screener (IOI‐S) face‐to‐face, delivered verbally by the study researcher clinician and then online by self‐report. The primary outcome was test‐retest reliability as measured by two‐way mixed effects model Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement.ResultsA total of 83 participants aged 14–81 (M 36.2) completed the study in New South Wales and the Northern Territory, Australia, between April and November 2022. The ICC between successive iterations of the test was significantly positive (0.980), demonstrating strong internal validity and test–retest reliability of the scale.ConclusionsThe IOI‐S is an adaptive 6‐item screening tool designed to ‘start a conversation’ and determine risk using gentle language conceived by individuals with lived experience. Originally designed for online use, the current study broadens its versatility to clinical settings. The screener performs equally well when delivered face‐to‐face in clinical practice. In conjunction with increased practitioner education and improved treatment referral pathways, broad implementation of the screener in early healthcare settings can support timely identification and intervention for those with EDs.
Impact of post‐stroke aphasia on functional communication, quality of life, perception of health and depression: A case–control study
Authors: Bueno‐Guerra Nereida , Provencio Marta , Tarifa‐Rodríguez Aida , Navarro Ana , Sempere‐Iborra Cristian , Jordi Pablo , de Celis‐Ruiz Elena , Alonso de Leciñana María , Martín‐Alonso Marta , Rigual Ricardo , Ruiz‐Ares Gerardo , Rodríguez‐Pardo Jorge , Virués‐Ortega Javier , Fuentes Blanca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and purposePost‐stroke aphasia is associated with a reduced quality of life (QoL) and higher risk of depression. Few studies have addressed the effect of coping with aphasia. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of post‐stroke aphasia on self‐reported QoL and symptoms of depression.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional prospective case–control study. Cases involved patients with post‐stroke aphasia included in the DULCINEA trial (NCT04289493). Healthy controls were recruited using snowball sampling. All subjects completed the following questionnaires: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12), Stroke Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL‐39), Communicative Activity Log (CAL) and Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQ‐10).ResultsTwenty‐three patients (eight women; mean age 62.9 years) and 73 controls (42 women; mean age 53.7 years) were included. Cases scored lower than controls in perception of health (GHQ‐12: median 3 [IQR 1; 6] vs. 0 [IQR 0; 2]) and perception of QoL (SAQOL‐39: median 3.6 [IQR 3.3; 40] vs. 4.6 [IQR 4.2; 4.8]). Functional communication (CAL: median 135 [IQR 122; 148] vs. 94 [IQR 74; 103]) and SAQOL‐39 communication subscale (median 2.7 [IQR 2.1; 3.2] vs. 4.8 [IQR 4.6; 5.0]) were also significantly lower in the case group. Notably, cases reported fewer depressive symptoms than controls (SADQ‐10: median 11 [IQR 9; 15] vs. 13 [IQR 11; 16]; p = 0.016). A mediational analysis revealed that the relationship between post‐stroke aphasia and depression was not mediated by functional communication.ConclusionsAlthough communication difficulties impact the QoL of patients with post‐stroke aphasia, such patients report fewer depressive symptoms on the SADQ‐10 scale than healthy people, with no differences in scores related to social participation.
Effects of aridification on soil total carbon pools in China's drylands
Authors: Ren Zhuobing , Li Changjia , Fu Bojie , Wang Shuai , Stringer Lindsay C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrylands are important carbon pools and are highly vulnerable to climate change, particularly in the context of increasing aridity. However, there has been limited research on the effects of aridification on soil total carbon including soil organic carbon and soil inorganic carbon, which hinders comprehensive understanding and projection of soil carbon dynamics in drylands. To determine the response of soil total carbon to aridification, and to understand how aridification drives soil total carbon variation along the aridity gradient through different ecosystem attributes, we measured soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon and total carbon across a ~4000 km aridity gradient in the drylands of northern China. Distribution patterns of organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and total carbon at different sites along the aridity gradient were analyzed. Results showed that soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon had a complementary relationship, that is, an increase in soil inorganic carbon positively compensated for the decrease in organic carbon in semiarid to hyperarid regions. Soil total carbon exhibited a nonlinear change with increasing aridity, and the effect of aridity on total carbon shifted from negative to positive at an aridity level of 0.71. In less arid regions, aridification leads to a decrease in total carbon, mainly through a decrease in organic carbon, whereas in more arid regions, aridification promotes an increase in inorganic carbon and thus an increase in total carbon. Our study highlights the importance of soil inorganic carbon to total carbon and the different effects of aridity on soil carbon pools in drylands. Soil total carbon needs to be considered when developing measures to conserve the terrestrial carbon sink.
Synergistic polyploidization and long‐distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcress herbs
Authors: Han Ting‐Shen , Yu Chih‐Chieh , Zheng Quan‐Jing , Kimura Seisuke , Onstein Renske E. , Xing Yao‐Wu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimLong‐distance dispersal (LDD) plays an important role in shaping the distribution of global biodiversity. Polyploidy could favour invasion and thereby facilitate LDD. However, how and to what extent polyploidy interacts with LDD remain unclear. Here, we test the putative role of polyploidy in the global dispersal of a cosmopolitan genus Rorippa.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodLate Miocene to present.Major Taxa StudiedRorippa Scop., Brassicaceae.MethodsWe traced the biogeographical and speciation history for 17 diploids and 41 polyploids of Rorippa using variation from plastid genomes and multiple nuclear loci. The ploidy role in dispersal rate difference was demonstrated using trait‐dependent biogeographical modelling.ResultsLDD shaped the amphitropical disjunction of Rorippa, during which polyploids showed higher dispersal rates than those of diploids, with 5.6× increase under the best‐fitted model. Five diploids and 21 polyploids were identified as products of transoceanic speciation events. Polyploidy‐involved LDD was more common in terms of polyploidization following LDD than those preceding LDD.Main ConclusionsWe demonstrate that polyploidy would be not only a driver but also a responder of LDD in Rorippa, highlighting a synergistic relationship between them. Our results provide a framework to uncover the biogeographical consequences of polyploidization and the joint roles of polyploidy and LDD in shaping the distribution of biodiversity.
Definition and clinical management of haemodialysis central venous catheter local infections (exit site and tunnel infection): An international consensus assessment
Authors: Cobo‐Sánchez José Luis , Blanco‐Mavillard Ian , Mancebo‐Salas Noelia , Pelayo‐Alonso Raquel , Gancedo‐González Zulema , De Pedro‐Gómez Joan Ernest 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relevance of signs and symptoms for the clinical identification of ESI and TI in HD‐CVC, by means of international expert consensus, and to reach a consensus on a definition and clinical management (CM) for these infections.BackgroundA recent systematic review showed a high heterogeneity in the signs/symptoms used for determining exit site infection (ESI) and tunnel infection (TI) of haemodialysis central venous catheter (HD‐CVC).DesignA modified Delphi ranking process was carried out between November 2020 and March 2021, consisting of four rounds using an online questionnaire with a panel of 26 experts from 12 countries.MethodsExperts responded on the level of relevance for the identification of ESI and TI, based on a list of 22 signs/symptoms obtained from a previous systematic review, using a 4‐point Likert‐type scale. After reaching consensus on the signs/symptoms, they followed the same method to reach consensus on the CM. The STROBE Checklist was used to report this study.ResultsA high degree of consensus was reached to identify the presence of ESI based on nine signs/symptoms: presence of pain at the exit site (ES) during interdialysis period, with fever ≥38°C do not suspect other cause, local signs at the ES (inflammation, induration, swelling, hyperemia/erythema ≥2 cm from ES) and obvious abscess or purulent exudate at ES; and of TI. Likewise, 5 cm were agreed upon.ConclusionThis Delphi study provides international expert consensus definitions of ESI and TI in HD‐CVC, laying the groundwork for the validation of an HD‐CVC ES clinical assessment scale for early identification of ESI.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn addition, this study provides a series of attitudes to consensual clinics regarding signs/symptoms of local infections in HD‐CVC, which may be useful as expert opinion in clinical practice guidelines, when there is insufficient scientific evidence.
Sleep, circadian activity patterns and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of actigraphy studies
Authors: Sobol Małgorzata , Błachnio Agata , Meisner Michał , Szyszkowska Joanna , Jankowski Konrad S. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryTransition to motherhood is a period full of challenges and demands. In this review, we focused on the associations of sleep and circadian activity patterns during and after pregnancy with postpartum mental health factors. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted (PROSPERO reference 316,505). A search for articles was performed using PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, DARE, hand search, and citation tracking. The search was meant to identify peer‐reviewed, experimental and observational studies reporting on women over 18 years old that assessed sleep and circadian activity patterns during pregnancy or postpartum using actigraphy, and investigated postpartum mental health factors. Nineteen relevant publications were selected. Postpartum total sleep at night was the indicator that was most closely related to the psychological functioning of women after childbirth. The results of the systematic review indicated that postpartum total sleep at night was related to postpartum fatigue, and the results of the meta‐analysis suggested that total sleep at night was most strongly linked with postpartum depression. More studies are needed to estimate the associations of sleep–wake rhythm during pregnancy and in the postpartum period with postpartum mental health factors.
Talking Like Opposition Parties? Electoral Proximity and Language Styles Employed by Coalition Partners in a Mixed Member Majoritarian System
Authors: Ishima Hideo 
Published: December 2023

Extant literature has shown that political parties that form a coalition government face one major dilemma; that is, they must govern together but fight elections separately. Thus, coalition members tend to commit to a differentiated strategy as an election approaches. However, existing research has mainly focused on empirical findings from countries with proportional representation and few measures for direct criticism from partners. In order to test the theory, this study examines parliamentary speeches from Japan's mixed member majoritarian context. It uses a supervised machine learning method for measuring confrontational attitudes toward governments irrespective of their ideologies. The results of this study show that on average, while a coalition partner may present a slightly hostile attitude toward governments in parliamentary speeches, this effect is not influenced by election proximity. This may imply that incentives for managing coalitions could differ in majoritarian‐centered electoral systems.
Micronutrient gaps during the complementary feeding period in seven countries in Southeast Asia: A Comprehensive Nutrient Gap Assessment
Authors: White Jessica M. , Drummond Elizabeth , Bijalwan Vasundhara , Singhkumarwong Anusara , Betigeri Arvind , Blankenship Jessica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe complementary feeding period is a critical stage of child development when micronutrient needs are high and challenging to meet. Understanding if specific micronutrient gaps exist during this period is critical for effective programming. A Comprehensive Nutrient Gap Assessment (CONGA) was conducted in seven countries in Southeast Asia to estimate gaps in micronutrients commonly lacking in the diets of children aged 6–23 months and to establish the certainty of available evidence for each identified gap. Sixty‐eight evidence sources were identified during this analysis, and 310 micronutrient‐specific data points were identified across all seven countries. Data points varied in recency, representativeness and evidence type. The CONGA methodology enabled the estimation of a gap burden rating for each micronutrient in each country, as well as a rating of their evidence certainty. Micronutrient gaps were identified in vitamin D, zinc and iron and a potential gap was identified in calcium during the complementary feeding period in the region. Evidence relevant to intake and deficiency of folate, vitamin B12, thiamine, niacin, vitamin C and vitamin B6 was limited across the region. Proven strategies to address these gaps include increasing the availability and consumption of nutrient‐dense foods, micronutrient supplementation, large‐scale fortification of staple foods and condiments and point‐of‐use fortification through multiple micronutrient powders and fortified speciality foods. More recent data on micronutrient availability, intake and deficiency is urgently needed in Southeast Asia.