bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological preventions and treatments for pericardial complications after open heart surgeries
Authors: Malektojari Alireza , Tahmasebipour Rosa , Fadaeihosein Maedeh , Ghazizadeh Sara , Ardali Fatemeh , Haghighat Bahareh , Keshavarz Fatemeh , Azari Yalda Yousefi , Javdan Fatemeh , Shahsavari Elahe , Ersi Mohammad Hamed , Abbaszadeh Shahin , Al-Jafar Rami , Dehghan Abbas , Pitre Tyler 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPericardial complications following cardiac surgery are common and debilitating, significantly impacting patients’ survival. We performed this network meta-analysis to identify the most effective and safest preventions and treatments for pericardial complications following cardiac surgery.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to 22 January 2024. Pairs of reviewers screened eligible studies. They included randomised controlled trials that enrolled adults undergoing major cardiac surgeries and reported postpericardiotomy syndrome, pericardial effusion and pericarditis as primary or secondary outcomes. We summarised the effects of interventions using relative risks and corresponding 95% CIs. We performed a frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis using the restricted maximum likelihood estimator.ResultsWe included 39 trials that enrolled a total of 6419 participants. Our network meta-analysis demonstrates colchicine reduces the risk of postpericardiotomy syndrome (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.73). Beta-blockers probably prevent atrial fibrillation with a large magnitude of effect (RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.81) and may prevent postoperative pericarditis (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97) compared with control. Fish oil (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.90), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.59) and colchicine (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.59) may reduce the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation. We found no evidence of a difference in the risk of pleural effusion, all-cause mortality, serious adverse events or postoperative ICU stay.ConclusionsThe results of our study highly recommend colchicine use to reduce the risk of the postpericardiotomy syndrome and beta-blocker use to reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation. Additionally, our study suggests that further research is needed to investigate other interventions and to evaluate newly proposed interventions in large, high-quality trials, as the current evidence for some interventions is relatively weak.
Factors associated with high-intensity physical activity and sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jung , Gwak Seo-Yeon , Kim Kyu , Cho Iksung , Shim Chi Young , Ha Jong-Won , Hong Geu-Ru 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundHigh-intensity physical activity has traditionally been discouraged in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to concerns about triggering sudden cardiac death. However, current guidelines adopt a more liberal stance, and evidence on risk factors for exercise-related sudden cardiac death remains limited. This study investigated the clinical, morphological and genetic factors associated with high-intensity physical activity-related sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.MethodsThis retrospective study included 75 patients with documented sudden cardiac death events from a cohort of 2619 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evaluated between 2005 and 2023. Physical activity levels at the time of the sudden cardiac death event were classified as high-intensity (≥6 metabolic equivalents) or low-intensity to moderate-intensity. Clinical and imaging characteristics, cardiopulmonary exercise test findings and genetic data were compared between the groups.ResultsAmong the 75 patients, 15 (20%) experienced sudden cardiac death events during high-intensity activity. These patients were younger than those with events during low-intensity or moderate-intensity activity (median age: 25 (IQR 16–43) years vs 56 (48–64) years, p<0.001). High-intensity activity-related events were associated with higher European Society of Cardiology sudden cardiac death risk scores (median 4.9 vs 2.4, p=0.023) and fewer ventricular arrhythmias during exercise testing. However, there were no differences in the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left ventricular systolic or diastolic function or genetic findings between groups. In multivariable analysis, younger age was the only independent risk factor of high-intensity activity-related sudden cardiac death events. Recurrent events in patients who survived initial high-intensity activity-related sudden cardiac death were triggered by subsequent high-intensity activity.ConclusionsHigh-intensity physical activity-related sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with younger age; however, in this small cohort, no associations were found with traditional risk factors, including left ventricular hypertrophy or obstructive physiology.
Bridging thrombolysis with tenecteplase versus endovascular thrombectomy alone for large-vessel anterior circulation stroke: a target trial emulation analysis
Authors: Altersberger Valerian L , Kaesmacher Johannes , Churilov Leonid , Yogendrakumar Vignan , Gralla Jan , Strbian Daniel , Seiffge David J , Mitchell Peter J , Kleinig Timothy J , Campbell Bruce CV , Fischer Urs 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundWhether bridging thrombolysis with tenecteplase is beneficial compared with thrombectomy alone in patients who had a stroke with large-vessel occlusion remains unclear.MethodsThis is a causal inference study of observational data from the trials SWIFT DIRECT and EXTEND-IA TNK Parts 1 and 2 applying target trial emulation. We compared patients receiving thrombectomy alone to patients receiving tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg or 0.40 mg/kg before thrombectomy. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0–2) at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included improvement over the full ordinal mRS scale, freedom of disability (mRS 0–1), mortality and occurrence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. The average causal treatment effect was estimated via inverse probability of treatment weighting and G-Computation. We calculated standardised risk differences (SRDs) and adjusted (common) ORs (a(c)ORs).ResultsOf 377 patients included in the target trial, 187 received thrombectomy alone and 190 tenecteplase before thrombectomy. Tenecteplase before thrombectomy did not increase the probability of patients achieving functional independence (SRD 0.04 (95% CI –0.06 to 0.13)) but resulted in a significant improvement in the mRS overall (acOR 1.56 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.23)) and in a higher probability of freedom from disability (SRD 0.10 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.20)). The probability for improvement of functional outcomes was further increased in patients treated within 140 min after onset (ordinal mRS acOR 1.63 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.56)). No significant differences in safety outcomes were observed between the two groups.ConclusionTenecteplase before thrombectomy compared with thrombectomy alone did not increase the probability of functional independence but resulted in significant improvement over the full mRS scale. This improvement was most evident in patients treated early.
Sexual practices and risk behaviours towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among Ecuadorian university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Roman Juan , Hernandez Isabel , Sanchez Mabel , Perez Nilda , Andrade Silvana , Cepeda Verónica , Chedraui Peter , Flores Mercedes , Galarza Cristian , Guerron Maribel , Munoz Maura , Ortega Héctor , Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Perez Jhonny , Perez Fabricio , Romero Patricio , Ron Álvaro , Suing Abel , Acosta-Acuna Ximena , Teran Enrique 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo describe the sexual practices and behaviour towards HIV infection among Ecuadorian university students.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out between February 2019 and August 2020 among university students from all over the country. Students aged 18 years and older of each participating institution were contacted by an official email account and invited to fill out a survey through Google Forms.ResultsData from a total of 5677 sexually active participants were analysed. The majority were female (57.1%), 48.7% corresponded to the age range 18–20 years and nearly half studied in the field of health. Only 28.5% (n=1612) mentioned having ever been tested for HIV at least once. Regarding sexual behaviour, the vast majority reported having only one partner in the last 2 months. Condom use during the ‘last’ sexual contact was significantly lower in the never tested group (33.5% vs 43.3%, p<0.0001, respectively). Having a higher number of ever or current sexual partners (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13) and not using a condom (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.82) were significantly related to having an HIV test performed. More than half of the participants indicated that they took the HIV test as part of their routine control, and nearly half mentioned not taking it because they felt sure they were free of HIV.ConclusionsBehaviour towards testing for HIV in university students was related to their risky sexual practices and behaviour. Prevention campaigns focused on the general population as well as at-risk populations, including university students, are needed to curb the escalating incidence of HIV in Ecuador.
On the $$\mathcal {N}=3$$ and $$\mathcal {N}=4$$ superconformal holographic dictionary
Authors: Özer H. T. , Filiz Aytül 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents comprehensive examples of

$$\mathfrak {osp}(\mathcal {N}|2)$$

osp
(
N
|
2
)

Chern–Simons supergravity on

$$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

for

$$\mathcal {N}>2$$

N
>
2

. These formulations, which include the most general boundary conditions, represent extensions of previously discovered works (Ozer and Filiz in Eur Phys J C 82:472, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10422-w) for

$$\mathcal {N}<3$$

N
<
3

. In our work, we show that under the loosest set of boundary conditions, the asymptotic symmetry algebras consist of two copies of the

$$\mathfrak {osp}(3|2)_k$$

osp

(
3
|
2
)

k

and

$$\mathfrak {osp}(4|2)_k$$

osp

(
4
|
2
)

k

algebras. We subsequently restrict the gauge fields upon the boundary conditions to achieve supersymmetric extensions of the Brown–Henneaux boundary conditions. Based on these results, we finally find that the asymptotic symmetry algebras are two copies of the

$$\mathcal {N}=3$$

N
=
3

and

$$\mathcal {N}=4$$

N
=
4

superconformal algebras for

$$\mathcal {N}=(3,3)$$

N
=
(
3
,
3
)

and

$$\mathcal {N}=(4,4)$$

N
=
(
4
,
4
)

extended higher-spin supergravity theory in

$$AdS_3$$

A
d

S
3

.
Intratumoral or Subcutaneous MK-2118, a Noncyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonist, with or without Pembrolizumab, for Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas
Authors: Luke Jason J. , Sweis Randy F. , Hecht J. Randolph , Schneider Reva , Stein Mark N. , Golan Talia , Yap Timothy A. , Khilnani Anuradha , Huang Mo , Zhao Runchen , Jemielita Thomas , Patel Sandip Pravin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
We evaluated the noncyclic dinucleotide stimulator of IFN genes agonist MK-2118 ± pembrolizumab in participants with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas.

Patients and Methods:
This first-in-human study (NCT03249792) enrolled participants with refractory, advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. Participants received intratumoral (IT) MK-2118 100 to 20,000 μg (arm 1), IT MK-2118 900 to 15,000 μg plus intravenous (IV) pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks (arm 2), or subcutaneous (SC) MK-2118 5,000 to 150,000 μg plus IV pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks (arm 4); arm 3 (visceral injection of MK-2118) was not pursued. IT dosing used an accelerated titration design and modified toxicity probability interval method; SC dosing (arm 4) was started subsequent to arms 1 and 2. The primary objectives were safety/tolerability. MK-2118 pharmacokinetics was a secondary endpoint; objective responses and biomarkers were exploratory endpoints.

Results:
A total of 140 participants were enrolled (arm 1, n = 27; arm 2, n = 57; arm 4, n = 56). Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 22%, 23%, and 11% of participants, respectively, but no maximum tolerated dose was identified up to MK-2118 20,000, 15,000, and 150,000 μg across the three arms. Dose-dependent increases in MK-2118 systemic exposure were observed following IT and subcutaneous administration. Objective responses were seen in 0%, 6%, and 4% of participants, respectively. IT MK-2118 led to dose-dependent changes in stimulator of interferon genes–based blood RNA expression levels, IFNγ, IFNγ-induced protein 10, and IL6; SC MK-2118 did not generate dose-related immune responses.

Conclusions:
IT MK-2118 ± pembrolizumab and SC MK-2118 plus pembrolizumab had manageable toxicity and limited antitumor activity. IT but not SC administration demonstrated systemic immune effects.
Figure 2 from Clinical Proteomics Reveals Vulnerabilities in Noninvasive Breast Ductal Carcinoma and Drives Personalized Treatment Strategies
Authors: Mitsa Georgia , Florianova Livia , Lafleur Josiane , Aguilar-Mahecha Adriana , Zahedi Rene P. , del Rincon Sonia V. , Basik Mark , Borchers Christoph H. , Batist Gerald 
Published: January 2025

<p>Data quality and evaluation of variability. <b>A,</b> Dynamic range of ∼2,860 proteins quantified in ductal breast cancer, at a 1% FDR. All −log<sub>10</sub> values were based on NSAF values, which were used to normalize the spectral count (<a href="#bib25" target="_blank">25</a>). High NSAF values represent a high level of expression. Six orders of magnitude of the DCIS/IDC proteome are covered using ∼1% of the total sample and a standard data-dependent acquisition method without fractionation. <b>B,</b> Sparse partial least squares regression for discrimination analysis showing good clustering of the two study groups. The oval shape represents 95% confidence intervals. IQR and Robust regression and outlier removal methods identified no outlier samples. <b>C</b> and <b>D,</b> Loading plots of the sparse partial least squares regression for discrimination analysis showing proteins/genes that drive the variability and clustering between DCIS and IDC. The right <i>x</i>-axis shows expression levels of these drivers in the DCIS/IDC samples. NSAF, normalized spectral abundance factor.</p>
Art Communities at Risk: Tbilisi
Authors: Córdova Kim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the precarious state of art communities in Tbilisi, Georgia, amid mounting political, economic, and security pressures. Through extensive interviews with artists, curators, educators, and cultural administrators, Córdova documents how Georgian artists face three primary threats: repressive legislation by the ruling Georgian Dream party, economic instability, and security threats from Russia. The article analyzes how recent laws targeting foreign-funded organizations and LGBTQ+ expression, combined with the Ministry of Culture's systematic defunding of museums and cultural institutions, are creating an increasingly hostile environment for artists and arts organizations.
The piece explores how Georgia's position as a strategic battleground between Russia and the West has made its cultural sector particularly vulnerable, while also highlighting how artists and collectives are finding creative ways to resist through education initiatives, collaborative platforms, and grassroots organizing. Special attention is paid to how the spillover effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine have impacted Georgia's art scene, both through massive immigration and heightened geopolitical tensions. The article concludes by examining the implications of Georgia's contested 2024 parliamentary elections and subsequent political crisis for the future of its artistic community.
Fool Me Twice, Shame on Me: Security Guarantees, Commitment Problems and the Problem of Peace through Victory in Ukraine
Authors: D’Anieri Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A considerable debate focuses on whether Ukraine and its allies should pursue an end to the Russo-Ukrainian war via negotiation or by pursuing victory. By focusing on the commitment problem, this article shifts the focus by asking what kind of peace is most likely to endure. Peace agreements depend on promises about future behavior, but such commitments are often not credible, because changes in circumstances can make it irrational to honor them. Guarantees by external actors are essential to solving commitment problems, but these external guarantees encounter their own credibility problems. Is it possible to construct a set of arrangements that leaves both Ukraine and Russia supporting a post-war status quo rather than seeking to revise it? The central finding is that, while concessions to Russia are more likely to yield peace in the short term, peace through victory is more likely to endure.
China’s Covid-19 Aid Diplomacy in 2020: Patterns and Motivations
Authors: Aubié Hermann , Paltemaa Lauri , Sookari Tommi 
Published: January 2025

Summary
This article investigates the determinants underlying the Chinese Covid-19 global humanitarian aid campaign in 2020 by statistical analysis on a novel author-made dataset that tracks Chinese aid across the globe in 2020. The results show that many existing Chinese humanitarian aid practices first followed a policy of near universalism of aid, but then resumed more traditional forms of Chinese humanitarian aid targeting the Global South on a bilateral basis in the latter half of the campaign. Aid was allocated based on mixed motives that included humanitarian calculations, but also a more short-term diplomatic calculus typical of disaster diplomacy and other non-humanitarian factors. Chinese humanitarian aid needs to be considered as an important public diplomacy tool as it can be used to reward closer partnerships with China and penalise their absence.
Physics as Political Theory in Imperial Roman Literature
Authors: Gorey Matthew M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the use of political metaphors and analogies in ancient discussions of Epicurean atomism, ranging from the philosophical dialogues of Cicero in the 1st century BC to Claudian’s epic invective In Rufinum in the 390s AD. Building on earlier scholarship that traces the emergence of monarchical and imperial analogies for the Greco-Roman pantheon in Post-Hellenistic philosophy, I argue that ancient critics of atomism shared a common tendency to depict Epicurean physics as the conceptual opposite of a well-ordered state. In particular, depictions of Epicurean theology as a form of divine ‘banishment’ and of atomic cosmology as a form of cosmic ‘democracy’ or ‘anarchy’ appear in texts by a wide range of Greek and Roman authors, revealing the great extent to which philosophical disagreements over atomic physics were influenced by political and social ideas.
The Nature of British Propaganda in Their African Colonies during World War II
Authors: Owino Meshack 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the changing nature of colonial government propaganda in Kenya during World War II. It contends that colonial wartime discourse was not constant and static, but eclectic, always changing to reflect the major issues of the war. When the war began, the propaganda focused on announcing the war in a way that could help mobilize the support of the British colonial African subjects, and, as the war progressed and changed, so did the colonial propaganda for the Africans to sustain that support. By examining the changing patterns of colonial wartime propaganda in Kenya, this article contributes to our understanding of the major issues in the colonial propaganda during the war, how and why the issues kept changing, and how the colonial powers tried to keep up the pace with these changes in their propaganda in order to maintain the support of their African colonial subjects during the war. An examination of the changing nature of colonial propaganda also provides some context for understanding why many Africans became disappointed with colonial powers after the war and started fighting against colonialism in Africa. Finally, based largely on archival materials, the article also helps supplement the existing literature on colonial propaganda in Africa during World War II.
Evaluation of the relationship between the bone alignment of the lower extremity and the importance of Q angle in male athletes
Authors: Gülfırat Ömür , Ekinci Mehmet , Kumak Aliasker , Tazegül Ünsal 
Published: January 2025

Introduction Evaluating the mechanical–anatomical alignment and angles of the knee joint is crucial for athletes. We aimed to analyse the relationship between lower extremity bone alignment and the importance of the Q angle (QA) in male athletes. Methods We included 38 male professional football athletes without any alignment or varus-valgus deformity who actively played football in various football clubs in Istanbul. This study was conducted using quantitative research methods within the scope of a cohort study design and employed a correlational survey method. A health specialist at the orthopaedic outpatient clinic of the Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, evaluated the participants’ lower extremity bone alignment using standing anteroposterior radiographs and assessed the QA using the goniometric measurement method. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and QA data were analysed to assess lower extremity straightness. Results Significant relationships between the right and left leg aLDFA, MPTA and QA values of the participants’ lower extremity mechanical axis values and between the aLDFA and right leg QA values ( r = 0.380, p = 0.019) were found. These relationships were attributed to the difference between proximal and distal alignments of the lower extremities. The correlation between QA and certain mechanical alignment parameters was due to unilateral and bilateral symmetrical arrangements of the lower extremities. Conclusions The parameters of lower extremity mechanical–anatomical alignment are considered preliminary indicators of relationships among sports injuries, structural factors and predisposition to such injuries. Individual differences in the angular values of mechanical–anatomical alignment and the application of different methods for determining these angles have revealed some uncertainties. We determined the mechanical axis data of football athletes who predominantly used their lower extremities using the most reliable methods and examined the relationship among the right and left leg aLDFA, MPTA and QA values. We believe that our findings provide insights and guidance for experts in the field.