bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Magma Overpressure Beneath a Submarine Caldera: A Mechanical Modeling Approach to Tsunamigenic Trapdoor Faulting Near Kita‐Ioto Island, Japan
Authors: Sandanbata Osamu , Saito Tatsuhiko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubmarine volcano monitoring is vital for assessing volcanic hazards but challenging in remote and inaccessible environments. In the vicinity of Kita‐Ioto Island, south of Japan, unusual M ∼ 5 non‐double‐couple volcanic earthquakes exhibited quasi‐regular recurrence near a submarine caldera. Following the earthquakes in 2008 and 2015, a distant ocean bottom pressure sensor recorded distinct tsunami signals. In this study, we aim to find a source model of the tsunami‐generating earthquake and quantify the pre‐seismic magma overpressure within the caldera's magma reservoir. Based on the earthquake's characteristic focal mechanism and efficient tsunami generation, we hypothesize that submarine trapdoor faulting occurred due to highly pressurized magma. To investigate this hypothesis, we establish mechanical earthquake models that link pre‐seismic magma overpressure to the size of the resulting trapdoor faulting, by considering stress interaction between a ring‐fault system and a reservoir of the caldera. The trapdoor faulting with large fault slip due to magma‐induced shear stress in the submarine caldera reproduces well the observed tsunami waveform. Due to limited data, uncertainties in the fault geometry persist, leading to variations of magma overpressure estimation: the pre‐seismic magma overpressure ranging approximately from 5 to 20 MPa, and the co‐seismic pressure drop ratio from 10% to 40%. Although better constraints on the fault geometry are required for robust magma pressure quantification, this study shows that magmatic systems beneath calderas are influenced significantly by intra‐caldera fault systems and that tsunamigenic trapdoor faulting provides rare opportunities to obtain quantitative insights into remote submarine volcanism hidden under the ocean.
The Impacts of Dust Storms With Different Transport Pathways on Aerosol Chemical Compositions and Optical Hygroscopicity of Fine Particles in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Song Xiaorui , Wang Yuying , Huang Xin , Wang Yuxiang , Li Zhanqing , Zhu Bin , Ren Rongmin , An Junlin , Yan Jiade , Zhang Rui , Shang Yi , Zhan Puning 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAerosol physicochemical properties during two dust storms (DS1: March 30–31, and DS2: May 7–8) are measured in 2021 in Nanjing, aiming to investigate the impacts of dust storms on aerosol chemical compositions and optical hygroscopicity in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). During DS1, the dust air masses are transported in the lower atmosphere and pass through the inlands and sea areas before reaching the YRD region. During DS2, the dust air masses are transported in the upper atmosphere and pass through the inlands only. Both of them are accompanied by an increase in black carbon (BC) mass fraction and a decrease in nitrate mass fraction in fine particles (PM2.5, particles with diameters less than 2.5 μm) near the surface. However, the impacts on the mass fractions of organics or sulfate are adverse between DS1 and DS2. During dust‐influence periods the enlarged mass ratios of sulfate to nitrate (greater than 4) promote the occurrence of deliquescent behavior of ambient aerosols although dust aerosols can significantly suppress aerosol optical hygroscopicity. To improve model simulations of aerosol optical hygroscopicity, it is necessary to use a segment parameterization to describe aerosol light scattering enhancement factor during dust‐influence periods. The closure study of optical hygroscopicity parameters with two different methods reveals the impact of aerosol scattering Ångström exponent on the estimation of optical hygroscopicity parameter. The results highlight that the impact of dust storms on aerosol chemical compositions and optical hygroscopicity are different for DS events with different transport pathways.
Coupled Si–Al Biogeochemistry: Occurrence of Aluminum in Diatom‐Derived Biogenic Silica
Authors: Liu Dong , Tian Qian , Li Mengyuan , Mi Mei , Yuan Peng , Yu Rongda , Zhou Junming , Du Peixin , Wei Huihuang , Guo Haozhe , Deng Liangliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiatoms play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of aluminum (Al) in oceans. This occurs via the uptake of biological Al (Albio), which is incorporated into the structure of diatom‐derived biogenic silica (DBSi) and the formation of adsorbed Al (Alads) on the DBSi surface of post‐mortem diatoms. Al occurrence influences DBSi dissolution and thus diatom‐driven carbon sequestration. However, the mechanism of Al occurrence in DBSi remains unclear. In this study, Albio and Alads of DBSi from various diatom fossils in marine diatomaceous sediments were identified and quantified by combined focused ion beam thinning, elemental analysis, and the Al K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure. Results showed the coexistence of Albio and Alads in all diatomaceous sediments and Al‐bearing DBSi thus constitutes a biological Al pool. Albio and Alads were mainly fourfold‐ and sixfold‐coordinated, respectively and Alads was much more abundant than Albio. Moreover, even at low concentrations (with an Al/Si atomic ratio of 0.0031), Albio can inhibit DBSi dissolution, effectively decreasing the extent of DBSi dissolution by ∼14%. Albio also significantly increased the mechanical strength of DBSi. The average Young's modulus (a measure of the stiffness of a material) of cribrum layers in Al‐incorporated DBSi was ∼1.4 times higher than that of Al‐free DBSi. Our results further demonstrate that diatoms play a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of Al in oceans, and the Al of DBSi participates in diatom‐driven Si and C coupled cycles in oceans, influencing the effectiveness of diatom‐driven carbon export by regulating the dissolution and mechanical strength of DBSi.
Responses of Soil Fungi to Long‐Term Nitrogen‐Water Interactions Depend on Fungal Guilds in a Mixed Pinus koraiensis Forest
Authors: Guo W. , Wang C. , Brunner I. , Zhou Y. , Tang Q. , Wang J. , Li M.‐H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifferent fungal guilds within the soil fungal community regulate forest ecosystem processes. Soil fungi are dictated by edaphic factors such as soil water and nutrient availabilities. However, how the total number of fungi and the composition of different fungal guilds in the soil vary under covarying pattern of nitrogen deposition and precipitation regime in temperate forests has not been well documented. In this study, we explored the effects of long‐term nitrogen‐water interactions on the diversity and composition of soil overall fungi and different fungal guilds, and their relationships with fine‐root and soil fungal mycelial traits in a temperate forest. The diversity of the totality of soil fungi or any fungal guilds did not change, but the community composition of saprotrophic and symbiotrophic fungi was significantly changed by nitrogen addition (N), showing increased abundance of soil symbiotrophic fungi but decreased abundance of soil saprotrophic fungi. Precipitation reduction (W) significantly altered soil overall and pathotrophic fungal community. Precipitation reduction combined with nitrogen addition (WN) significantly changed soil overall, pathotrophic and symbiotrophic fungal community composition. Soil pathotrophic, saprotrophic and symbiotrophic fungal community composition was variously related to fine‐root diameter, root tissue density, nitrogen and/or phosphorus concentration. Long‐term nitrogen‐water interactions decreased the complexity of soil fungal networks, reflected by the lower edges and average degree, but the higher average path distance and modularity. These findings of soil fungal guild‐specific responses to nitrogen‐water interactions will deepen our understanding of soil carbon sequestration potential and nutrient cycling in temperate forest ecosystems under future climate changes.
Forward‐Looking Study of Solar Maximum Impact in 2025: Effects of Satellite Navigation Failure on Aviation Network Operation in the Greater Bay Area, China
Authors: Xue Dabin , Yang Jian , Liu Zhizhao , Cong Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSatellite navigation based on the Global Navigation Satellite System can provide aircraft with more precise guidance and increase flight efficiency. However, severe space weather events can cause satellite navigation failure due to the dramatic increase in total electron content and irregularities in the ionosphere. Consequently, ground navigation has to be used to replace satellite navigation, increasing aircraft separation standards and reducing airspace capacity. As a result, numerous flights may be delayed or even canceled, incurring significant financial losses. The occurrence peak of space weather events generally coincides with the 11‐year‐cycle solar maximum, and 2025 is expected to be the upcoming solar maximum. The Greater Bay Area (GBA), located in the equatorial ionization anomaly region of China, is particularly vulnerable to space weather impacts. To explore the effects of satellite navigation failure on flight operation, we conduct this looking‐forward study and propose solution methods from the standpoint of Air Traffic Management, by simulating satellite navigation failure scenarios. Based on the projected flight volume in 2025 related to the GBA airports, simulation results show that the economic costs can be tens of millions of Euros, which is dependent on the duration of satellite navigation failure and the time interval of ground navigation‐based landing. We believe that this study can be a benchmark for evaluating the potential economic effects of forthcoming space weather on flight operations.
Assessing the cyclic fatigue resistance and sterilization effects on replica-like endodontic instruments compared to Reciproc Blue
Authors: dos Reis Fernando Antonio Siano , Abu Hasna Amjad , Ragozzini Gustavo , de Moura Felipe Bernardo , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , de Martin Alexandre Sigrist , Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge , Bueno Carlos Eduardo Silveira 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the number of uses and autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of four replica-like instruments RC Blue; Only One File Blue; Recip One Blue; and Micro Blue compared to the original system Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany). The instruments were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) before being used in root canal instrumentation (baseline). Fifty molars were instrumented by ten instruments (n=10). After sterilization in an autoclave, the instruments were analyzed by SEM. This procedure was repeated twice more using different molars, totaling 3 rounds of instrumentation, sterilization and SEM analysis. Then, ten different instruments from each brand were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance. Number of uses data were analyzed using Chi-squared analysis, and cyclic fatigue data were analyzed by one-way Anova followed by Tukey’s test as the data had normal distribution. The fracture times for all systems had no significant difference, but Micro Blue had significantly lower values than the other systems (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis showed distortions in the instruments after the 3rd use. Therefore, all tested instruments except of Micro Blue have similar resistance to cyclic fatigue, and all are reliable for use in up to 2-cases.
Trichostatin A enhances the titanium rods osseointegration in osteoporotic rats by the inhibition of oxidative stress through activating the AKT/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Zhou Zhi , Jiang Wenkai , Yan Junjie , Liu Hedong , Ren Maoxian , Li Yang , Liu Zhiyi , Yao Xuewei , Li Tianlin , Ma Nengfeng , Chen Bing , Guan Wengang , Yang Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of titanium implants as fixed supports following fractures in patients with OP can often result in sterile loosening and poor osseointegration. Oxidative stress has been shown to play a particularly important role in this process. While TSA has been reported to facilitate in vivo osteogenesis, the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. It also remains unclear whether TSA can improve the osseointegration of titanium implants. This study investigated whether TSA could enhance the osseointegration of titanium rods by activating AKT/Nrf2 pathway signaling, thereby suppressing oxidative stress. MC3T3-E1 cells treated with CCCP to induce oxidative stress served as an in vitro model, while an OVX-induced OP rat model was employed for in vivo analysis of titanium rod implantation. In vitro, TSA treatment of CCCP-treated MC3T3-E1 cells resulted in the upregulation of osteogenic proteins together with increased AKT, total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 expression, enhanced mitochondrial functionality, and decreased oxidative damage. Notably, the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 reversed these effects. In vivo, TSA effectively enhanced the microstructural characteristics of distal femur trabecular bone, increased BMSCs mineralization capacity, promoted bone formation, and improved the binding of titanium implants to the surrounding tissue. Finally, our results showed that TSA could reverse oxidative stress-induced cell damage while promoting bone healing and improving titanium rods' osseointegration through AKT/Nrf2 pathway activation.
Cannabis Sativa targets mediobasal hypothalamic neurons to stimulate appetite
Authors: Wheeler Emma C. , Choi Pique , De Howitt Joanne , Gill Sumeen , Watson Shane , Yu Sue , Wahl Peyton , Diaz Cecilia , Mohr Claudia , Zinski Amy , Jiang Zhihua , Rossi David , Davis Jon F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe neurobiological mechanisms that regulate the appetite-stimulatory properties of cannabis sativa are unresolved. This work examined the hypothesis that cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) expressing neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) regulate increased appetite following cannabis vapor inhalation. Here we utilized a paradigm where vaporized cannabis plant matter was administered passively to rodents. Initial studies in rats characterized meal patterns and operant responding for palatable food following exposure to air or vapor cannabis. Studies conducted in mice used a combination of in vivo optical imaging, electrophysiology and chemogenetic manipulations to determine the importance of MBH neurons for cannabis-induced feeding behavior. Our data indicate that cannabis vapor increased meal frequency and food seeking behavior without altering locomotor activity. Importantly, we observed augmented MBH activity within distinct neuronal populations when mice anticipated or consumed food. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that pharmacological activation of CB1R attenuated inhibitory synaptic tone onto hunger promoting Agouti Related Peptide (AgRP) neurons within the MBH. Lastly, chemogenetic inhibition of AgRP neurons attenuated the appetite promoting effects of cannabis vapor. Based on these results, we conclude that MBH neurons contribute to the appetite stimulatory properties of inhaled cannabis.
Testing the effects of photobiomodulation on angiogenesis in a newly established CAM burn wound model
Authors: Firouz Bardia , Faihs Lorenz , Slezak Paul , Ghaffari Tabrizi-Wizsy Nassim , Schicho Kurt , Winter Raimund , Kamolz Lars Peter , Dungel Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBurn wounds are a common challenge for medical professionals. Current burn wound models hold several limitations, including a lack of comparability due to the heterogeneity of wounds and differences in individual wound healing. Hence, there is a need for reproducible in vivo models. In this study, we established a new burn wound model using the chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) as a surrogate model for animal experiments. The new experimental setup was tested by investigating the effects of the auspicious biophysical therapy, photobiomodulation (PBM), on the wound healing of an induced CAM burn wound with a metal stamp. PBM has been shown to positively influence wound healing through vascular proliferative effects and the increased secretion of chemotactic substances. The easily accessible burn wounds can be treated with various therapies. The model enables the analysis of ingrowing blood vessels (angiogenesis) and diameter and area of the wounds. The established model was used to test the effects of PBM on burn wound healing. PBM promoted angiogenesis in burn wounds on day 4 (p = 0.005). Furthermore, there was a not significant trend toward a higher number of vessels for day 6 (p = 0.065) in the irradiated group. Changes in diameter (p = 0.129) and the burn area (p = 0.131) were not significant. Our results suggest that CAM can be a suitable model for studying burn wounds. The novel experimental design enables reproducible and comparable studies on burn wound treatment.
Weight loss outcomes are generally worse for dogs and cats with class II obesity, defined as > 40% overweight
Authors: Broome H. A. O. , Woods-Lee G. R. T. , Flanagan J. , Biourge V. , German A. J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn pet dogs and cats, adiposity is most-often estimated clinically using a 9-category body condition score (BCS), with BCS 9 equating to ~ 40% overweight. Animals that are more overweight (> 40%) are seen in clinical practice but are not appropriately depicted by descriptions in the existing categories. To determine whether being > 40% overweight has clinical relevance, this study aimed to compare the outcomes of weight management in animals that were > 40% overweight with those < 40% overweight. Records of dogs and cats attending a specialist obesity care clinic, where adiposity is determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), were reviewed. Animals were assigned to two classes (class I ≤ 40% overweight: 118/398 [40%] dogs and 68/116 [59%] cats; class II, > 40% overweight: 180/398 [60%] dogs and 48/116 [41%] cats) based on DXA results, and weight loss outcomes were compared. Fewer class II dogs obesity completed weight management than class I dogs (P < 0.001), rate of weight loss was also slower (P = 0.012) and lean tissue loss greater (P < 0.001). Compared with class I, cats with class II obesity lost more weight (P = 0.048) albeit over a longer period (P = 0.043) leading to greater lean tissue loss (P = 0.004). Approximately half the pets presenting to a specialist clinic were have class II obesity (> 40% overweight), and some weight loss outcomes are worse for these animals.
Exploring the infiltrative and degradative ability of Fusarium oxysporum on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using correlative microscopy and deep learning
Authors: Cognigni Flavio , Temporiti Marta Elisabetta Eleonora , Nicola Lidia , Gueninchault Nicolas , Tosi Solveig , Rossi Marco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManaging the worldwide steady increase in the production of plastic while mitigating the Earth’s global pollution is one of the greatest challenges nowadays. Fungi are often involved in biodegradation processes thanks to their ability to penetrate into substrates and release powerful catabolic exoenzymes. However, studying the interaction between fungi and plastic substrates is challenging due to the deep hyphal penetration, which hinders visualisation and evaluation of fungal activity. In this study, a multiscale and multimodal correlative microscopy workflow was employed to investigate the infiltrative and degradative ability of Fusarium oxysporum fungal strain on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments. The use of non-destructive high-resolution 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM) coupled with a state-of-art Deep Learning (DL) reconstruction algorithm allowed optimal visualisation of the distribution of the fungus on the PET fragment. The fungus preferentially developed on the edges and corners of the fragment, where it was able to penetrate into the material through fractures. Additional analyses with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) allowed the identification of the different phases detected by XRM. The correlative microscopy approach unlocked a more comprehensive understanding of the fungus-plastic interaction, including elemental information and polymeric composition.
Automated tracking of cell migration in phase contrast images with CellTraxx
Authors: Holme Børge , Bjørnerud Birgitte , Pedersen Nina Marie , de la Ballina Laura Rodriguez , Wesche Jørgen , Haugsten Ellen Margrethe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ability of cells to move and migrate is required during development, but also in the adult in processes such as wound healing and immune responses. In addition, cancer cells exploit the cells’ ability to migrate and invade to spread into nearby tissue and eventually metastasize. The majority of cancer deaths are caused by metastasis and the process of cell migration is therefore intensively studied. A common way to study cell migration is to observe cells through an optical microscope and record their movements over time. However, segmenting and tracking moving cells in phase contrast time-lapse video sequences is a challenging task. Several tools to track the velocity of migrating cells have been developed. Unfortunately, most of the automated tools are made for fluorescence images even though unlabelled cells are often preferred to avoid phototoxicity. Consequently, researchers are constrained with laborious manual tracking tools using ImageJ or similar software. We have therefore developed a freely available, user-friendly, automated tracking tool called CellTraxx. This software makes it easy to measure the velocity and directness of migrating cells in phase contrast images. Here, we demonstrate that our tool efficiently recognizes and tracks unlabelled cells of different morphologies and sizes (HeLa, RPE1, MDA-MB-231, HT1080, U2OS, PC-3) in several types of cell migration assays (random migration, wound healing and cells embedded in collagen). We also provide a detailed protocol and download instructions for CellTraxx.
STAE‐YOLO: Intelligent detection algorithm for risk management of construction machinery intrusion on transmission lines based on visual perception
Authors: Ji Chao , Zhang Fan , Huang Xinbo , Song Zhiwei , Hou Wei , Wang Boya , Chen Guoyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe distribution of transmission lines is complex, influenced by terrain and topography, making their maintenance and management challenging. With the advancement of global mechanization, various types of construction machinery and large‐scale mechanical equipment are continually increasing. Accidental contact of construction machinery near transmission lines poses a serious threat to the stability of the power system. Traditional drones and inspection robots face difficulties in achieving real‐time monitoring of construction machinery and equipment around transmission lines, quickly identifying potential risks. Conventional image processing techniques and convolutional neural networks struggle with effective handling of small targets and densely packed detection tasks involving multiple targets. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an intelligent detection algorithm Swin Transformer attention efficient algorithm‐you only look once (YOLO) (STAE‐YOLO). It is based on the Swin Transformer global self‐attention mechanism, cross‐channel fusion attention mechanism, enhanced small object detection framework, and a focused and efficient regression loss function. The experimental results show that the STAE‐YOLO algorithm model improved by 6.3% in mean average precision, 3.7% in precision, and 3.1% in recall compared to the baseline model. Meanwhile, deploying the window multi‐head self‐attention global self‐attention mechanism in the model can strengthen the global multi‐scale semantic information in detection.