bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATTAINING SIMULTANEOUS REDUCTION IN NOX AND SMOKE BY USING WATER-IN-BIODIESEL EMULSION FUELS FOR DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Abdul Karim Zainal Ambri , Khan Mohammed Yahaya , Abdul Aziz Abdul Rashid , Hagos Ftwi Yohannes 
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the study of water-in-biodiesel emulsions (WiBE) stabilized by surfactants with different hydrophiliclipophilic balance (HLB) on a single-cylinder diesel engine. The engine performance and exhaust emissions were compared against the base fuel biodiesel (B5 diesel) which contained 5% palm oil methyl ester (POME) in the diesel fuel, at a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm with different engine loads. 36 emulsion blends of B5 diesel mixed with 9%, 12% and 15% volume of water, HLB values of 6, 7, 8 and 9, and surfactant dosage of 5%, 10% or 15% by percentage volume of water added. The results exhibited 11.7% lower engine power with WiBE as compared to B5 diesel. It was also observed that WiBE produced higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate. WiBE with higher water content at high load condition produced up to 15.2% higher peak pressure with a significant reduction in both NOx and smoke opacity, while a moderate decrease in the exhaust temperature was recorded for WiBE. The research work proved that WiBE with 15% water content with optimum HLB value is capable of reducing up to 79% NOx and 23% smoke opacity simultaneously, due to the heat sink effect during combustion.
Keywords: emulsified fuels, surfactant, microexplosion, exhaust emission, palm oil, heat sink effect
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AUTONOMOUS CART FOLLOWER FOR WHEELCHAIR USER
Authors: Zahir A. A. M. , Othman Wan Amir Fuad Wajdi , Alhady S.S.N. , Wahab A. A. A. , Ahmad M. F. 
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on kinematics of the cart follower and the system identification of propulsion system by using brushed DC motor. The cart follower uses Ackermann configuration as the steering system. The modeling of kinematics equation takes into account the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR), velocity of each tire, heading angle, and simple movement of the cart. The cart is propelled by transaxle brushed DC motor. It is important to approximate an accurate transfer function to represent the motor as the plant module is unavailable. The motor is simulated by using Arduino hardware package in MATLAB®. Rotary encoder is used to record the angular velocity of the shaft. MATLAB® code is created in order to calculate the linear velocity and tabulate the datasets. System Identification Toolbox determines the transfer function of the motor and its performance. The variables measured in experiment to identify the transfer function of the DC motor system are output angular velocity and input voltage. The parameters taken from the DC motor’s mathematical model are derived based on existing literatures. The graph of output velocity against time is plotted and the transfer function is estimated by using System Identification Toolbox in MATLAB®. From the results, it is demonstrated that the motor exhibits second order system.
Keywords: Cart follower, wheel mobile robot, kinematics, system identification
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA): ARE FAILURES CAUSED BY INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE?
Authors: Nurul Amin Muhamed Jamil Khan , Yusoff Noor Syaffynas , Pauzi Ahmad Azim , Ping Hun Kok , Suratanin Nor Azizy , Zainal Za’im , M Safian Nurul Aizad , Adenan M Anif , Mohamad Ahmad Aiman , Viswanathan Jayakumar 
Published: February 2024

While wrong quality assurance and control during maintenance activity may affect failures of physical assets, it is not always true to associate the “lack” of maintenance or the perception of it to failure of physical assets or degradation of system reliability. This paper intends to methodically assess the contribution of lack of maintenance towards physical asset failures, degradation of system reliability, and whether it matters or not. By achieving the conclusion, operation and maintenance engineers and facility heads should be better positioned to not immediately link failures to lack of maintenance and be cautious during root cause analysis sessions. This will help build a healthier culture, i.e., generative culture. As a result, RCAs will be performed more objectively and aimed to improve, rather than blame. It is found from the assessment that only about a (theoretical) maximum of 30% of failures may be caused by lack of maintenance, requiring the entire organisation to be more careful during RCAs to not jump to a conclusion.
Keywords: root cause analysis, inadequate maintenance, failure, reliability, RCA
APPLICATION AND COMPARISON OF ENSEMBLE MODELS TO PREDICT CORROSION RATE FOR AMINE REGENERATION UNIT IN REFINERY
Authors: Raja Moorthi Sathiyamurthi A/l , Aziz Izzatdin A. 
Published: February 2024

Monitoring the corrosion activity of Amine Regeneration Units (ARU) in oil and gas refneries is crucial to avoid unexpected failures and unplanned shutdowns. Various corrosion monitoring devices are installed to provide real time metal loss readings translated into corrosion rates. However, existing corrosion monitoring devices do not ofer prediction capabilities, and a huge amount of supervised historical data is usually ignored due to its complex characteristics and incompleteness. By utilising ensemble models, machine learning can be adopted to generate value from the unattended historical data and provide prediction capabilities. This research work is mainly intended to process the historical data in Amine Regeneration Unit (ARU), implement Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM) ensemble models for corrosion rate prediction, and compare the two to identify the most accurate model. An experiment was conducted via simulation through programming software that utilises Python as the programming language to process data from an undisclosed oil and gas refnery in Malaysia. Evaluation of accuracy was performed using statistical methods, which include R-squared (R2 ), Mean Average Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE). Upon model hyperparameter tuning and comparison between eight diferent models, the model utilising the XGBoost algorithm with K-Fold cross-validation was reported to provide the best accuracy in terms of R2 score at 65.4%. Future improvement for this research work includes exploration of various other corrosion groups in ARU among multiple oil and gas refneries and experimentation on various boosting tree hyperparameter tuning.
Keywords: Amine, corrosion rate, LightGBM, oil and gas, predictive analytics, refinery, XGBoost
TEOLOGI PENDERITAAN: MENGAJARKAN KONSEP PENDERITAAN BERDASARKAN ALKITAB
Authors: Nova Ritonga  
Published: February 2024

Penderitaan tidak pernah lekang dari kehidupan manusia. Karena itu banyak orang termasuk orang kristen salah memahami penderitaan yang dialaminya. Mereka mempersalahkan diri sendiri, orang lain, situasi dan juga Tuhan. Ini menunjukkan ketidak mengertikan manusia akan maksud dan tujuan penderitaan itu dalam hidupnya, akibatnya orang-orang tersebut tidak mempercayai lagi Tuhan yang penuh kasih karena menganggap tidak mungkin Tuhan itu penuh kasih sedangkan Ia membiarkan manusia menderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengajarkan penderitaan berdasarkan pandangan Alkitab sehingga orang kristen memahami penderitaan secara benar.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan, dimana penulis mencari sumber-sumber yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman yang kurang tentang penderitaan membuat orang kristen mengeluh ketika mengalami penderitaan, perlu dilakukan pengajaran sejak dini kepada orang-orang kristen di berbagai lini pendidikan kristen untuk memberikan pemahaman yang benar tentang penderitaan, penderitaan tidak selalu diartikan sebagai hukuman Tuhan, melalui penderitaan kuasa Tuhan nyata.
How can I improve my practice as a science teacher through the development of my pedagogical ‘inquiry’ skills?
Authors:   UCL	Institute	of	Education,	 UK	& University	of	Leeds,	UK., Noor Mohd Syafiq Aiman Mat 
Published: February 2024

Since	my	days	as	a	novice	teacher,	I	have	always	asked	myself:	‘How	do	I	improve	what	I	am	doing?’	When	I	started	my	doctoral	studies,	I	engaged	in	critical	reflection	and	reflexivity	on	my	pedagogical	practices,	and,	in	the	spirit	of	Alice	in	Wonderland,	became	“curiouser	and	curiouser”	about	‘inquiry’	and	why	it	requires	a	prominent	position	in	my	practice.	It	tells	the	story	of	the	development	of	my	knowledge,	understanding,	and	educational	practice	as	I	researched	to	improve	my	pedagogical	‘inquiry	skills’.	This	article	builds	on	my	doctoral	studies.	The	process	of	writing	this	article	has	enabled	me	to	develop	my	understanding	of	Living	Educational	Theory	Research,	drawing	on	my	Action	Research	work,	and	share	my	explanation	of	the	importance	of	conducting	it.	Using	my	lived	experiences	of	my	doctoral	studies,	I	narrate	what	I	have	done	to	explore	and	answer	questions,	with	particular	regards	to	pedagogical	practices	of	inquiry	in	my	home	country	of	Malaysia.	This	article	explains	how,	my	epistemic	beliefs	and	values,	pedagogical	knowledge,	and	practices	as	a	science	teacher	improved.	I	now	see	myself,	as	a	teacher-researcher,	working	towards	and	living	my	values,	and	recognising	the	impact	that	this	has	had	on	my	current	practice	as	a	teacher	educator.	I	continue	to	reflect	upon,	question,	and	evaluate	what	I	do	as	I	constantly	seek	to	live	my	values	in	my	practice.
Overqualification and Turnover Intention: The Significance of Work-Life Balance for Canadian-Born and Immigrant Employees
Authors: Ballesteros-Leiva Felix , St-Onge Sylvie , Arcand Sébastien 
Published: February 2024

This study aims to help employers retain overqualified employees or reduce their turnover intention. Specifically, using conservation of resources (COR) theory, we tested whether employee perceptions of overqualification directly affect turnover intention and the moderating effect of work-life balance on this relationship. We study this 3-way relationship in a specific environmental context (in Canada) and compared two different groups of employees: Canadian-born and immigrant, the latter facing more challenges to integrating into the labour market and getting a job that corresponds to their qualifications. For this, there are many reasons, such as language barriers, discrimination, undervaluation of their assets, lack of work experience and lack of a professional network in the host country.
We tested our hypotheses by conducting two questionnaire-based field studies in Canada: one among 227 Canadian-born employees and the other among 237 immigrant employees. Our results confirm the value of COR theory in understanding the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention among Canadian-born and immigrant employees and the moderating effect of work-life balance on this relationship among immigrants.
Given the scarcity of talent, employers should do more to recognize and use their employees’ skills, whether local or immigrant. To retain their immigrant employees, employers should help them balance their work and personal lives. Finally, employers should provide overqualified immigrants with ongoing assistance (information, emotional support, tools, continuous follow-up) to help them manage their daily lives, strike a balance between their work and personal lives and, ultimately, reduce their turnover intention.

Abstract

Using conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002), we first investigated the direct influence of overqualification on turnover intention. Second, we tested whether the perceived work-life balance affects the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention. To that end, we used questionnaires to conduct independent field studies of two groups of Canadian workers: 227 local human resources professionals and 237 immigrant employees. Both studies confirmed that perceived overqualification increased their intention to quit their jobs. Perceived work-life balance moderated the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention only among the immigrant employees. This paper sheds light on how perceived overqualification can affect the intention to quit a job among local and immigrant employees. It also shows how perceived work-life balance can affect the relationship between perceived overqualification and the intention to quit a job.
La virtualisation des communications en contexte de travail hybride : un effet d’entraînement ou de réduction des comportements hostiles ?
Authors: St-Onge Sylvie , Bachini Eva 
Published: February 2024

Depuis la pandémie, un nombre croissant d’employés travaillent partiellement ou totalement à distance et en présentiel selon leur volonté ou des balises définies par leur employeur. Cette étude explore (1) les liens entre l’adoption de ces modes de travail qualifiés d’« hybride » (un changement d’organisation du travail important qui a modifié, entre autres, les lieux, les heures et la charge de travail) et diverses formes de comportement hostiles parmi le personnel ; (2) les moyens de prévenir et contrer l’émergence de comportements hostiles dans un contexte de travail hybride appelé à s’intensifier.
Notre revue des écrits et les résultats de nos entrevues menées auprès d’experts montrent que les modes de travail hybride, avec la virtualisation accrue des relations de travail, ont des incidences mitigées sur les comportements hostiles : ils peuvent agir comme un accélérateur tout comme inhibiteur selon les facteurs pris en compte. D’une part, la virtualisation accrue des relations entre le personnel augmenterait la portée des cas de harcèlement psychologique comme les gestes hostiles peuvent se poursuivre et s’étendre pour la victime en dehors de la présence physique de l’agresseur. D’autre part, la distanciation physique qu’entraîne une virtualisation accrue des relations interpersonnelles peut aussi avoir un effet réducteur sur les rapports hostiles au travail. Cependant, le contexte de travail à distance a des incidences manifestes sur l’augmentation du nombre de dénonciations ou de plaintes, puisqu’il est plus facile d’obtenir des preuves matérielles.
Nos résultats décrivent aussi l’importance du soutien offert par les employeurs et les superviseurs pour prévenir l’émergence de comportements hostiles en contexte de travail hybride à l’aide de divers moyens : adopter ou réviser les règles ou les politiques, réviser les modes de direction et supervision, maintenir la communication et clarifier les attentes, exercer une vigie et intervenir face aux incivilités, conflits et mal-être.

Précis

Cette étude explore les conséquences du recours massif aux modes de travail hybride sur l’adoption de divers comportements hostiles et sur les moyens de les prévenir. Nos entrevues menées auprès d’experts montrent que la virtualisation accrue des communications en contexte de travail hybride a des incidences mitigées sur le nombre et le type de comportements hostiles, mais qu’il a des effets manifestes sur le nombre et l’objet des dénonciations ou plaintes. Nos résultats décrivent l’importance du soutien offert par les employeurs et les superviseurs pour prévenir l’émergence de comportements hostiles en contexte de travail hybride. Les apports de ces résultats sur les plans théoriques et pratiques sont mis de l’avant.
La négociation collective du secteur de l’éducation : quel avenir pour le Front commun?
Authors: Fortin-Bergeron Chloé , Gagné Diane 
Published: February 2024

Cette étude s’intéresse à la capacité des organisations syndicales à améliorer les conditions de travail de leurs membres en contexte d’austérité économique. Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons au cas de la négociation 2014-2015 au sein du secteur public québécois et plus particulièrement à la négociation dans le secteur de l’Éducation primaire-secondaire. Proposant une approche d’analyse multiniveau et multidimensionnelle et mobilisant un devis qualitatif, nous souhaitons engager une réflexion sur la capacité des syndicats du secteur de l’éducation à répondre à la précarité dans ce secteur. La position que nous avançons dans cet article est que les syndicats n’ont pas été en mesure de saisir certaines opportunités leur permettant de renforcer leur pouvoir de force aux tables de négociation. Nos principaux résultats nous amènent à faire le constat que les structures centralisées n’ont pas bien servi le front commun lors de la négociation de 2015; la négociation inter et intraorganisationnelle s’est avérée difficile et peu efficace compte tenu des multiples réalités et enjeux et de la stratégie fortement centralisée du gouvernement. Nous avons aussi constaté que la précarité vécue et perçue par les membres du secteur de l’éducation est très spécifique au contexte et aux caractéristiques de l’emploi; une spécificité qui semble plus difficile à faire reconnaitre au sein de structures centralisées. Partant de la thèse du « syndicalisme fantôme » proposé par Desbiens (2020) et du pragmatisme syndical de Lemieux (2021), nous engageons une réflexion et proposons des pistes d’action de manière à favoriser un rapprochement entre les différents paliers d’action syndicale et d’arrimer plus solidement la praxis syndicale aux attentes des membres.

Précis

Cette étude s’intéresse à la capacité des organisations syndicales à améliorer les conditions de travail et répondre à la précarité de leurs membres en contexte d’austérité économique. Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons au cas de la négociation 2014-2015 au sein du secteur public québécois et plus particulièrement à la négociation dans le secteur de l’Éducation primaire-secondaire. Proposant une approche d’analyse multiniveau et multidimensionnelle et mobilisant un devis qualitatif, nos principaux résultats nous amènent à faire le constat que les structures centralisées n’ont pas bien servi le front commun. En fait, la négociation inter et intraorganisationnelle s’est avérée difficile et peu efficace compte tenu des multiples réalités et enjeux et de la stratégie fortement centralisée du gouvernement.
COMPARISON OF CLASS III MALOCCLUSION TREATMENT CHANGES WITH TWO PRESCRIPTIONS OF PREADJUSTED BRACKETS
Authors: Vieira Domingos , Cotrin Paula , Angheben Christian Zamberlan , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Hermont Cançado Rodrigo , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli 
Published: February 2024

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to compare Class III malocclusion treatment changes performed with two different preadjusted bracket prescriptions: Biofunctional and Roth.
Material and Methods: The sample comprised 84 Class III malocclusion patients treated with compensatory approaches. The sample was divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (Biofunctional): 36 patients (23 female, 13 male) with a mean initial age of 20.04 years and a mean treatment time of 2.53 years. Group 2 (Roth): 48 patients (28 female and 20 male) with a mean initial age of 19.05 years and a mean treatment time of 2.64 years. Intergroup comparisons at the pre- (T1) and posttreatment (T2) stages and of the treatment changes (T2-T1) were performed with t tests.
Results: There were greater maxillary and mandibular incisors labial and lingual tipping and greater occlusal plane counterclockwise rotation in the Roth than in the Biofunctional prescription.
Conclusion: Compensatory Class III malocclusion treatment performed with the Biofunctional prescription minimizes the side effects of Class III elastics.
ACE
Model
Authors: Maes Hermine H. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

The ACE model refers to a genetic epidemiological model that postulates that additive genetic factors (A) (
see
Additive Genetic Variance
), common environmental factors (C), and specific environmental factors (E) account for individual differences in a phenotype (P) (
see
Genotype
) of interest. This model is used to quantify the contributions of genetic and environmental influences to variation and is one of the fundamental models of basic genetic epidemiology.
Adaptive Random Assignment
Authors: Berger Vance W. , Zhou YanYan 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The primary objective of a comparative trial is to provide a precise and valid treatment comparison. Another objective may be to minimize exposure to the inferior treatment, the identity of which may be revealed only during the course of the study. Unrestricted randomization is not generally used because it is susceptible to chronological bias, and this would interfere with the first objective, the valid treatment comparison. Yet, too many restrictions lead to a predictable allocation sequence, which can also compromise validity. It can be a challenge to find the right balance of restrictions on the randomization, and sometimes a covariate‐adaptive design is used. When the second objective is considered as well, then the solution must necessarily be a response‐adaptive design that evolves depending on the responses of those enrolled.
Adaptive Sampling
Authors: Li Zhen , Berger Vance W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAdaptive sampling refers to a sampling technique in which the procedure for selecting units depends on the previous observations made during the study. Compared to the traditional fixed sampling procedure, adaptive sampling techniques often lead to more effective results. Some practical methods have been developed, such as adaptive cluster sampling, stratified adaptive cluster sampling, systematic and strip adaptive cluster sampling, and adaptive cluster sampling based on order statistics.
Additivity Tests
Authors: Karabatsos George 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAdditive linear models are ubiquitous in applied areas of behavioral statistics, and so it is often important to test whether data fit the assumption of additivity. In a test of additivity, the null hypothesis is that a dependent variable is an additive, noninteractive function of two (or more) independent variables, while the alternative hypothesis of nonadditivity is characterized by one or more interactions between the independent variables. It is possible to test for additivity in the context of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while the theory of Additive Conjoint Measurement provides a more general basis for testing additivity.
All‐
Y
Models
Authors: Landis Ronald S. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
All‐Y models refer to applications of confirmatory factor analytic procedures in which the researcher treats all variables as endogenous. Model specification requires estimation of three sets of parameters including (1) loadings of measured variables on the underlying construct(s), (2) relationships between measurement errors associated with the observed variables, and (3) relationships between the residual errors for the latent endogenous constructs.
Computer‐based Testing
Authors: Davey Tim 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Most broadly defined, computer‐based tests (CBTs) include not just tests administered on computers or workstations but also exams delivered via telephones, PDAs, and other electronic devices. There have been three main reasons for test developers to move beyond conventional paper and pencil administration. The first is to change the nature of what is being measured. The second is to improve measurement precision or efficiency. The third is to make test administration more convenient for examinees, test sponsors, or both. This entry details some of the advantages of CBTs relative to conventional paper and pencil tests, and describes some of the methods used for test administration and scoring.