bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length of stay and discharge dispositions following robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus conventional technique and predictors of delayed discharge
Authors: Fontalis Andreas , Raj Rhody D. , Haddad Isabella C. , Donovan Christian , Plastow Ricci , Oussedik Sam , Gabr Ayman , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: October 2023

AimsIn-hospital length of stay (LOS) and discharge dispositions following arthroplasty could act as surrogate measures for improvement in patient pathways, and have major cost saving implications for healthcare providers. With the ever-growing adoption of robotic technology in arthroplasty, it is imperative to evaluate its impact on LOS. The objectives of this study were to compare LOS and discharge dispositions following robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RO TKA) and unicompartmental arthroplasty (RO UKA) versus conventional technique (CO TKA and UKA).MethodsThis large-scale, single-institution study included patients of any age undergoing primary TKA (n = 1,375) or UKA (n = 337) for any cause between May 2019 and January 2023. Data extracted included patient demographics, LOS, need for post anaesthesia care unit (PACU) admission, anaesthesia type, readmission within 30 days, and discharge dispositions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were also employed to identify factors and patient characteristics related to delayed discharge.ResultsThe median LOS in the RO TKA group was 76 hours (interquartile range (IQR) 54 to 104) versus 82.5 (IQR 58 to 127) in the CO TKA group (p < 0.001) and 54 hours (IQR 34 to 77) in the RO UKA versus 58 (IQR 35 to 81) in the CO UKA (p = 0.031). Discharge dispositions were comparable between the two groups. A higher percentage of patients undergoing CO TKA required PACU admission (8% vs 5.2%; p = 0.040).ConclusionOur study showed that robotic arm assistance was associated with a shorter LOS in patients undergoing primary UKA and TKA, and no difference in the discharge destinations. Our results suggest that robotic arm assistance could be advantageous in partly addressing the upsurge of knee arthroplasty procedures and the concomitant healthcare burden; however, this needs to be corroborated by long-term cost-effectiveness analyses and data from randomized controlled studies.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(10):791–800.
The burden of vestibular disorders among military health system (MHS) beneficiaries, fiscal years 2018–2019
Authors: Sayegh M. Aaron , Banaag Amanda , Korona-Bailey Jessica , Madsen Cathaleen , Frank Amanda , Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Vestibular disorders affect an estimated 33 million adults and 3.5 million children and adolescents in the United States. Previous research relying on self-reported symptoms versus actual diagnosis has limited the ability to provide prevalence estimates for specific vestibular disorders at the population level. This study seeks to describe the burden of vestibular disorders among children and working-age adult beneficiaries in the Military Health System (MHS).

Materials and methods
Using the MHS Data Repository (MDR), we conducted a cross-sectional study of all TRICARE Prime and Plus MHS beneficiaries aged 0 to 64 years from fiscal years (FY) 2018 to 2019. Study analyses included descriptive statistics of patient demographics and assessing the prevalence of vestibular disorders in pediatric and working-age adult beneficiaries.

Results
Of the 5,541,932 TRICARE Prime/Prime Plus MHS beneficiaries, 52,878 (0.95%) had a diagnosis of vestibular disorder during fiscal years 2018 to 2019, of which 1,359 were pediatric and adolescents (aged 0 to 17 years) and 51,519 were working-age adults (18 to 64 years). Vertigo was the most common diagnosis in both age-group populations (11.46 per 1,000 working-age adults; 0.52 per 1,000 children and adolescents), with benign vertigo being the most prevalent of the three diagnoses and occurring at a seven times higher rate in adults versus pediatric and adolescents.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using medical claims data to estimate prevalence compared to self-reported survey data and supports prevalence estimates of vestibular disease in <1% of children overall, but indicate much higher prevalence for adolescents.
Identification of preclinical dementia according to ATN classification for stratified trial recruitment: A machine learning approach
Authors: Koychev Ivan , Marinov Evgeniy , Young Simon , Lazarova Sophia , Grigorova Denitsa , Palejev Dean 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
The Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration (ATN) framework was proposed to identify the preclinical biological state of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated whether ATN phenotype can be predicted using routinely collected research cohort data.

Methods
927 EPAD LCS cohort participants free of dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment were separated into 5 ATN categories. We used machine learning (ML) methods to identify a set of significant features separating each neurodegeneration-related group from controls (A-T-(N)-). Random Forest and linear-kernel SVM with stratified 5-fold cross validations were used to optimize model whose performance was then tested in the ADNI database.

Results
Our optimal results outperformed ATN cross-validated logistic regression models by between 2.2% and 8.3%. The optimal feature sets were not consistent across the 4 models with the AD pathologic change vs controls set differing the most from the rest. Because of that we have identified a subset of 10 features that yield results very close or identical to the optimal.

Discussion
Our study demonstrates the gains offered by ML in generating ATN risk prediction over logistic regression models among pre-dementia individuals.
Efficacy of a Commercial Physical Activity Monitor in Longitudinal Tracking of Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rosenzweig Eliana , Villeda Gerson Antonio Valencia , Crook Sarah , Koli Fatima , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Krishnan Usha S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension have quality-of-life limitations, decreased exercise capacity, and poor prognosis if the condition is left untreated. Standard exercise testing is routinely performed to evaluate patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension but may be limited in its ability to monitor activity levels in daily living.

Objective
To evaluate the validity of the commercial Fitbit Charge HR as a tool to assess real-time exercise capacity as compared with standard exercise testing.

Methods
Ambulatory pediatric and adult patients were enrolled and given a Fitbit with instructions to continuously wear the device during waking hours. Patients underwent a 6-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and a 36-Item Short Form Health Survey on the day of enrollment and follow-up. Twenty-seven ambulatory patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were enrolled, and 21 had sufficient data for analyses (median age, 25 years [range, 13-59 years]; 14 female participants).

Results
Daily steps measured by the Fitbit had a positive correlation with 6-minute walk distance (r = 0.72, P = .03) and an inverse trend with World Health Organization functional class. On the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, 77% of patients reported improvement in vitality (P = .055). At follow-up, there was a strong correlation between number of steps recorded by Fitbit and role limitations because of physical problems (r = 0.88, P = .02) and weaker correlations with other quality-of-life markers.

Conclusion
The findings of this pilot study suggest activity monitors may have potential as a simple and novel method of assessing longitudinal exercise capacity and activity levels in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Further study in larger cohorts of patients is warranted to determine which accelerometer measures correlate best with outcomes.
Urine dipstick for screening plasma glucose and bilirubin in low resource settings: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Pighi Laura , Negrini Davide , Henry Brandon M. , Salvagno Gian Luca , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to investigate whether a commercially available urine dipstick may provide potentially useful information for screening plasma glucose and bilirubin in human plasma samples.

Methods
Glucose and bilirubin were assayed in 60 anonymized lithium-heparin residual plasma samples using the Roche COBAS 8000 or after pipetting 10 µL of plasma onto the pads of a commercial urine dipstick. Semiquantitative urine test results obtained with the dipstick were directly compared to paired test results obtained with COBAS.

Results
Median plasma glucose values between COBAS and dipstick were slightly different (5.8 vs. 5.6 mmol/L; p=0.040), while no significant difference was found in bilirubin values between COBAS and dipstick (11.2 vs. 8.6 μmol/L; p=0.090). The Spearman’s correlation between COBAS and dipstick was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73–0.90; p<0.001) for plasma glucose and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66–0.87; p<0.001) for plasma bilirubin, respectively. Cumulative agreement between COBAS and dipstick was high for both glucose (88%; kappa statistic statistics, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58–0.92; p<0.001) and bilirubin (88%; kappa statistics, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60–0.92; p<0.001).

Conclusions
The results of this proof-of-concept study indicate that the commercial urine test strip used in our study provides acceptable performance for screening plasma glucose and bilirubin levels compared with reference laboratory assays.
Optimal Taxation of Informal Firms: Misreporting Costs and a Tax Reform in Brazil
Authors: Arbex Marcelo , Mattos Enlinson , Regatieri Rebeca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates multistage taxes on firms in a limited tax capacity economy. We characterize the optimal taxation of informal firms reinterpreting behavioral and mechanical effects. Our numerical exercises highlight the relationship between misreporting costs and the elasticities of reported revenues and costs. We explore a tax reform in Brazil with a survey of informal firms to estimate these elasticities (0.55 and 0.94, respectively), which imply smaller sheltering costs for input expenditures. The optimal multistage tax system includes (i) differential linear taxes across the production chain and (ii) a positive, but very small, tax refund rate.
Collaboration between maternal-fetal medicine and family planning: a survey of Northeast US academic medical centers
Authors: Merriam Audrey A. , Lundsberg Lisbet , Cutler Abigail S. , Maxam Theresa , Paul Maureen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To explore how complex family planning (CFP) and maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) in Northeast academic medical centers work together to provide abortion care.

Methods
We distributed an exploratory cross-sectional online survey to CFP and MFM faculty and fellows at academic medical centers in the Northeast between July and September of 2020. The survey included demographic information, assessment of practice patterns, hospital/administration support and assessment of collaboration. Likert scale questions examined opinions about collaboration and an open-ended question solicited ideas for improvement. We performed bivariate analysis to examine the association between subspecialty and practice location regarding provision of abortion care and perceived barriers to care.

Results
The response rate was 31 % and was similar by specialty. Of the 69 respondents, 83 % were MFMs, 75 % were faculty, and 54 % practiced in New York. More than 85 % reported personal participation in some portion of abortion care. The two most common perceived barriers to care were “lack or reluctance of physicians/staff” and state laws prohibiting termination. Nearly all (95 %) stated there was a good working relationship between CFP and MFM divisions; however, almost one-third agreed with or were neutral to the statements “MFM and CFP are siloed in terms of work/patient care.”

Conclusions
Academic MFM and CFP providers in the Northeast collaborate well in providing abortion care, though our findings highlight areas that would benefit from improvement. Optimizing collaboration in the Northeast is important given its regional role for ensuring abortion access in the current national landscape. Improved education of all members of the patient care team on the importance of abortion access may also help provide optimal patient care where abortion services still legally exist.
238Pu production: a State-of-the-Art review of NpO2 target fabrication technologies and processing of irradiated targets
Authors: Acevedo Beatriz , Van Hecke Karen , Cardinaels Thomas , Verwerft Marc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Space mission beyond the solar system cannot rely on photovoltaic (PV) cells as primary power source, and combinations of PV cells and batteries. For such purpose, Radioisotope Power Systems powered with 238Pu have served well for all flagship space exploration missions since the early Apollo missions until today’s Mars Exploration Program and continue to be the preferred primary energy source for future missions. 238Pu production proceeds via neutron irradiation of 237Np, which is created as a by-product in nuclear fission reactors. Neutron irradiation of 237Np to produce 238Pu is conceptually very simple, but the production of sizeable quantities of 238Pu with acceptable isotopic purity, and the further separation and processing stages pose formidable technological challenges. 238Pu is a highly radiotoxic alpha emitter with an elevated specific activity and high decay energy with high risk for the workers, and its precursor, 237Np, is a radiotoxic alpha emitter whose daughter 233Pa decays to 233U with a strong gamma emission. Furthermore, the very rich and weakly explored chemistry of Np is also a challenge. The historical 238Pu inventory of US-DOE has been highly consumed and supplies of available 238Pu to support new missions have diminished. NASA and US-DOE have started an extensive project to re-establish 238Pu production for US space missions. In Europe, ESA has also shown some interest in an European production of 238Pu for the European space missions. In the present review, the manufacture of Np targets for 238Pu production by irradiation, and the target processing are discussed and assessed from an European production perspective by comparing mainly US state-of-the-art with the European know-how and the current facilities. Two principal options for target fabrication stand out: aluminium-clad NpO2–Al CERMET and zircaloy-clad full-ceramic NpO2 targets. The principal advantages of the well documented CERMET route can be found in the irradiation stage. These targets allow a high flexibility in heavy metal loading fraction and have high thermal performance. But, they have significant drawbacks in terms of the amount and type of nuclear waste that is generated at the back-end. Instead, the full-ceramic targets are conceptually very similar to conventional nuclear fuels, and would be preferred from back-end perspective, although a demonstration of large scale production remains yet to be done. Presently, there are no operational large scale Np target production, irradiation, processing or 238Pu handling facilities in Europe, but the nuclear infrastructure exists and is operational to study each of the steps at least at small scale and all steps have similarities with well-established industrial capabilities in Europe.
Steigerung digitaler Kompetenzen in Virtual Reality
Authors: Herstätter Patrick , Hulla Maria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Digitalisierung spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Fertigungsindustrie, da insbesondere kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) von zahlreichen potentiellen Vorteilen profitieren können. Dennoch kämpfen viele KMU oft mit der Realisierung dieser Potenziale. VR-basierte Schulungen – mit niedrigen Zugangsbarrieren und hoher Effizienz – können eine Lösung bieten. VR ermöglicht aktives Lernen in simulierten Produktionsumgebungen mit hoher Konzentration. Die in diesem Beitrag diskutierte Bedarfsanalyse gibt einen Überblick über Kompetenzen und Anforderungen.
Digitalisierungsgrad in Japan und Deutschland im Vergleich
Authors: Peter Ulrike , Sames Gerrit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Deutsche mittelständische Unternehmen sind in punkto Digitalisierung weiter als japanische Unternehmen. Dennoch ist die digitale Transformation in beiden Ländern nicht als ausreichend zu bezeichnen. Zu dieser Einschätzung kommt die Studie „Vergleich der Digitalisierung von Geschäftsprozessen und Geschäftsmodellen in Japan und Deutschland“. Zwei Faktoren, die den digitalen Fortschritt besonders behindern, sind Fachkräftemangel und zu hoher Kostenaufwand.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES POLÍTICO-ECONÔMICAS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA MULHERES NA PERSPECTIVA DA FEMINIZAÇÃO DA POBREZA NO BRASIL (1995-2015)
Authors: Moraes Taís Dias de 
Published: October 2023

Este artigo analisa as contradições socioeconômicas existentes na diferenciação de gênero, por meio do estudo sobre os Domicílios Chefiados por Mulheres (DCMs) como variável chave para o entendimento da Feminização da Pobreza (FP) no Brasil. Por meio de análises quantitativas dos dados da PNAD e de pesquisa teórica acerca desse tema, o estudo constatou que, no Brasil, políticas de caráter neoliberal intensificaram, no período, a reprodução da vulnerabilidade das mulheres e dos domicílios chefiados por elas, não apenas na questão do rendimento, mas também em relação às estruturas que permitam qualidade de vida. Além disso, as políticas consideradas desenvolvimentistas, ainda que tenham representado certos avanços, não apresentaram mudanças significativas, tendo em vista os limites de atuação dos Estados periféricos frente ao contexto de globalização e de "capitalismo neoliberal". Conclui-se, portanto, que, mesmo em um período caracterizado por relativa estabilidade e crescimento econômico na história recente, as mulheres e suas famílias continuaram em posição mais vulnerável, seja pela falta de uma inserção feminina plena no mercado de trabalho ou pela reprodução continuada da exclusão social de mulheres pobres e da população negra por meio de políticas restritivas.
RNase H2 degrades toxic RNA:DNA hybrids behind stalled forks to promote replication restart
Authors: Heuzé Jonathan , Kemiha Samira , Barthe Antoine , Vilarrubias Alba Torán , Aouadi Elyès , Aiello Umberto , Libri Domenico , Lin Yea‐Lih , Lengronne Armelle , Poli Jérôme , Pasero Philippe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractR‐loops represent a major source of replication stress, but the mechanism by which these structures impede fork progression remains unclear. To address this question, we monitored fork progression, arrest, and restart in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking RNase H1 and H2, two enzymes responsible for degrading RNA:DNA hybrids. We found that while RNase H‐deficient cells could replicate their chromosomes normally under unchallenged growth conditions, their replication was impaired when exposed to hydroxyurea (HU) or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Treated cells exhibited increased levels of RNA:DNA hybrids at stalled forks and were unable to generate RPA‐coated single‐stranded (ssDNA), an important postreplicative intermediate in resuming replication. Similar impairments in nascent DNA resection and ssDNA formation at HU‐arrested forks were observed in human cells lacking RNase H2. However, fork resection was fully restored by addition of triptolide, an inhibitor of transcription that induces RNA polymerase degradation. Taken together, these data indicate that RNA:DNA hybrids not only act as barriers to replication forks, but also interfere with postreplicative fork repair mechanisms if not promptly degraded by RNase H.
Severe hypernatremia during postoperative care in patients with craniopharyngioma
Authors: Li Lingjuan , Qin Jing , Ren Lin , Xiang Shiyuan , Cao Xiaoyun , Zheng Xianglan , Yin Zhiwen , Qiao Nidan 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
We aimed to describe and predict the risk of severe hypernatremia after surgical resection of craniopharyngioma and to identify the association of water intake, urine output, and sodium level change in the patients.

Method
The outcome was postoperative severe hypernatremia. We identified risk factors associated with hypernatremia using multivariable regression. We trained machine learning models to predict the outcome. We compared serum sodium change, intravenous input, oral input, total input, urine output, and net fluid balance according to different nurse shifts.

Results
Among 234 included patients, 125 developed severe hypernatremia after surgery. The peak incidence occurred during day 0 and day 6 after surgery. The risk was increased in patients with gross total resection (odds ratio (OR) 2.41, P < 0.001), high Puget classification (OR 4.44, P = 0.026), preoperative adrenal insufficiency (OR 2.01, P = 0.040), and preoperative hypernatremia (OR 5.55, P < 0.001). The random forest algorithm had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.770, 95% CI, 0.727–0.813) in predicting the outcome and was validated in the prospective validation cohort. Overnight shifts were associated with the highest serum sodium increase (P = 0.010), less intravenous input (P < 0.001), and less desmopressin use (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The overall incidence of severe hypernatremia after surgical resection of craniopharyngioma was significant, especially in patients with gross total resection, hypothalamus distortion, preoperative adrenal insufficiency, and preoperative severe hypernatremia. Less intravenous input and less desmopressin use were associated with serum sodium increases, especially during overnight shifts.
Zacharij Niemcevski – professor of higher mathematics at the Vilnius university (1797–1820)
Authors: Gečiauskas Evaldas 
Published: October 2023

Zacharij Niemcevski (1766–1820) was a professor of higher mathematics at the Vilnius university in the period from 1797 until 1820. He was a member correspondent of Societe Academique des sciences and Academie Imperial des Sciences de Turin. Niemcevski tought differential and integral calculus by the tracktate of S.F. Lacroix, analytic geomety – by J.B. Biot, and mechanics – by L.B. Francoeur. His investigations on the Lithuanian language was published in the tractate of K. Malte Brun.
Marginal hazard distribution in network structures
Authors: Augutis Juozas , Krikštolaitis Ričardas , Augutienė Elvyra 
Published: October 2023

The subject of this work is the analysis of hazard distribution in the network systems. In the age when transport flows in the railway and road systems, information flows in the internet channels, etc. intensify, hazard distribution in the network systems becomes a more relevant and important issue. In the paper various theoretical hazard type distributions in the network systems are analysed. Mathematical model of hazard distribution and accumulation in the nodes of the network was created.
Moving Toward Health Equity
Authors: Dougé Jacqueline , Mattson Gerri 
Published: October 2023

Communities that have been racially marginalized continue to face barriers to fair and just opportunities and therefore experience poorer health outcomes. This chapter discusses how structural racism affects health equity and how collaboration with diverse partners, data, advocacy, and screening for social determinants of health can improve the health of all children. The goal of eliminating health inequities and achieving health equity must be integrated across systems, such as health, education, economy, and government, for all children and families to thrive.
Keywords: health equity, racism, structural racism