bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the agriculture-induced environment curve hypothesis and pollution haven hypothesis in Rwanda: the role of renewable energy
Authors: Moise Minani Leon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAgriculture has a main impact on increasing the economy of most developing countries, and energy policies in fighting climate change have a vital role in strengthening economic growth. This paper studies the impact of agriculture, trade openness and green energy on CO2 emissions in Rwanda during 1990–2022. Phillips- Peron and Augmented Dickey fuller unit root test affirmed the stationary of data, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)-bound testing confirmed a long-run relationship among variables. The study employed an ARDL approach.Findings from long-run elasticities showed that 1% increase in agriculture productivity increased carbon dioxide emissions by 1.94%; 1% increase in trade openness increased carbon dioxide emissions by 0.16%; whereas 1% increase in renewable energy consumption and GDP per capita decreased carbon dioxide emissions by 2.71% and 2%, respectively. The result confirmed the induced environment curve and the pollution haven hypothesis in Rwanda. Moreover, green energy consumption and GDP per capita decreases CO2 emissions eventually, which supports the validity of environment Kuznets curve in Rwanda.The findings recommend that an increase in renewable energy usage and trade reforms accompanied by strong environmental policies to reduce CO2 emissions will develop the agriculture sector and regional economy.
Graphical Abstract
Re-examination of the effect of Reynolds number on local scour around a pipeline under steady current
Authors: Liang Bingchen , Liu Mingming , Zhang Qin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein, a two-dimensional numerical model was established to examine the effect of Reynolds number on local scour around a pipeline under steady current by solving the Naiver-Stokes equation with shear stress turbulence (SST) k-ω closure. Suspended load and bedload transport rates were considered in the model. The numerical results revealed that the Reynolds number can considerably affect the local scour around the pipeline. However, earlier works often ignored the effect of Reynolds number on local scour. An empirical equation for the variations in the maximum scour depth with Reynolds number was presented based on present study.
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Utilization of Generics and Biosimilars in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Scoping Review
Authors: Aguilera Bernardo , Peña Sebastián , Morales Juan Pablo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe conducted a scoping review to map and critically examine the knowledge, perceptions and utilization of generics and biosimilars, among physicians, pharmacists, patients, the general population, and other stakeholders from LAC.
Multivariable reference centiles for maximum grip strength in childhood to young adults
Authors: Duran Ibrahim , Wloka Kim Ramona , Martakis Kyriakos , Spiess Karoline , Alexy Ute , Schoenau Eckhard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Maximum grip strength (mGS) is a useful predictor of health-related outcomes in children and adults. The aim of the study was to generate sex- and age-adjusted reference centiles for mGS for children, adolescents and young adults, while adjusting for body height and body mass index (BMI).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of longitudinal data from children and young adults participating in the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study (single center, open cohort study) from 2004 to 2022 was conducted. To generate sex-, age-, height- and BMI-adjusted reference centiles, a new algorithm combining multiple linear regression and the LMS method was conducted.

Results
Overall, 3325 measurements of mGS of 465 females and 511 males were eligible. The mean age at measurement of females was 12.6 ± 3.9 years, mean age of males was 12.4 ± 4.7 years. The median of number of repeated measurements per individual was 3 (range 1–8). The mGS was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated to body height and BMI (r = 0.303–0.432). Additional reference centiles for the change of z-scores of mGS were generated for children and young adults from 8 to 20 years.

Conclusions
We proposed to evaluate mGS in children, adolescents and young adults with the presented reference centiles adjusted to sex, age, height and BMI. The method presented may also be applicable to other biological variables that depend more than just on sex and age. For the first time, also reference centiles to assess the change of mGS in repeated measurements were presented.
Atlantoaxial Instability with Persistent Second Intersegmental Artery
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Wankhade Ravi , Devani Kavin , Purandare Anup , Palave Prakash , Gawali Sagar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the anatomy of the vertebral artery is essential while manipulating the craniovertebral joint during surgery. Its anomalous course in congenital atlantoaxial dislocation makes it more vulnerable to injury. Preoperative dedicated computed tomography (CT) angiography helps identify the artery's position and plan for surgical procedure. A 13-year-boy presented with neck pain and spastic quadriparesis for 1 year. Radiological imaging of the craniovertebral junction revealed atlantoaxial instability with basilar invagination. His CT angiography of neck and brain vessels revealed an anomalous course of the vertebral artery due to a persistent second intersegment artery. He underwent posterior atlantoaxial fixation after mobilization of the vertebral artery. His clinical condition significantly improved after surgery. We report a case of management of an atlanto axial dislocation with persistent second intersegment artery and describe the role of vertebral artery mobilization during surgery.
Magneto-plasmonic scattering by a disk-shaped particle made of an artificial dielectric
Authors: R Tuz Vladimir , Evlyukhin Andrey B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The main features of artificial dielectrics are high anisotropy and controllable heterogeneity, as well as adjustable values of their synthesized material parameters. In this work, we numerically study the scattering features of a disk-shaped particle made of an artificial dielectric (finely stratified structure, FSS) that is composed of magnetic and semiconductor constituents influenced by an external static magnetic field. The tensor-valued permittivity and permeability of the FSS are derived involving the effective medium theory. Due to a specific composition of the FSS, the material properties of the disk simultaneously acquire electric and magnetic gyrotropy, which depends on the proportion of the semiconductor and magnetic components included in the FSS. It is supposed that the ferromagnetic and plasma resonances of the constitutive materials are closely spaced. In particular, we examine the electric and magnetic dipole contributions to the scattering and absorption cross-sections obtained in the framework of the multipole decomposition method while accounting for the polarizability and magnetization induced in the particle by the field of incoming radiation. By varying the proportion of components of the artificial dielectric, we demonstrate the magneto-plasmonic functionality of the particle. Our presentation generalizes and complements several known solutions obtained separately for either magnetic or dielectric anisotropic particles. This approach can be used to study magneto-optical effects in metamaterials and metasurfaces composed of an ensemble of gyroelectric and gyromagnetic particles that is important for both plasmonic and photonic applications.
Exploiting phase transitions in catalysis: reaction of
CO2
and
H2
on doped
VO2
-polymorphs
Authors: Stahl Berenike , Bredow Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

V

O
2

is well known for its reversible transition between two phases with tetragonal rutile and monoclinic structure. In a previous theoretical study (Stahl and Bredow 2022 ChemPhysChem
23 e202200131) we showed that the adsorption energy of CO is different on surfaces of the two Mo-stabilized polymorphs. This can be exploited to promote catalytic reactions by removing CO from the catalyst surface. As proof-of-principle, we investigated the hydrogenation reaction of

CO

2

. For this purpose, the adsorption energies of

CO

2

and possible intermediates and products

H
2

O

, HCOOH,

H
2

C
O

and CO were calculated. Significant differences were found for the reaction energies of the hydrogenation of

CO

2

to formic acid and formaldehyde on the two polymorphs. This shows that it is in principle possible to alter the reaction thermodynamics by applying reaction conditions which stabilize a particular polymorph. In order to investigate the influence of the polymorph on kinetic properties, the reactions barriers of a step-wise reaction of

C

O
2

+
2

H
2

→

H
2

C
O
+

H
2

O

was calculated using the nudged elastic band method.

V

O
2

was found to reduce the reaction barriers compared to the gas phase. Additionally, the minimum energy path of the bulk phase transition of undoped

V

O
2

was calculated using the distinguished reaction coordinate method. A catalytic cycle exploiting the phase transition is proposed based on the theoretical results.
Thermodynamic properties and switching dynamics of perpendicular shape anisotropy MRAM
Authors: Lack Wayne , Jenkins Sarah , Meo Andrea , Chantrell Roy W , McKenna Keith M , Evans Richard F L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The power consumption of modern random access memory (RAM) has been a motivation for the development of low-power non-volatile magnetic RAM (MRAM). Based on a CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junction, MRAM must satisfy high thermal stability and a low writing current while being scaled down to a sub-20 nm size to compete with the densities of current RAM technology. A recent development has been to exploit perpendicular shape anisotropy along the easy axis by creating tower structures, with the free layers’ thickness (along the easy axis) being larger than its width. Here we use an atomistic model to explore the temperature dependent properties of thin cylindrical MRAM towers of 5 nm diameter while scaling down the free layer from 48 to 8 nm thick. We find thermal fluctuations are a significant driving force for the switching mechanism at operational temperatures by analysing the switching field distribution from hysteresis data. We find that a reduction of the free layer thickness below 18 nm rapidly loses shape anisotropy, and consequently stability, even at 0 K. Additionally, there is a change in the switching mechanism as the free layer is reduced to 8 nm. Coherent rotation is observed for the 8 nm free layer, while all taller towers demonstrate incoherent rotation via a propagated domain wall.
Transfer learning for bearing fault diagnosis: adaptive batch normalization and combined optimization method
Authors: Li Xueyi , Su Kaiyu , Li Daiyou , He Qiushi , Xie Zhijie , Kong Xiangwei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bearings are crucial components in rotating machinery equipment. Bearing fault diagnosis plays a significant role in the maintenance of mechanical equipment. This study aims to enhance the practicality of bearing fault diagnosis to meet real-world engineering requirements. In real industrial environments, the continuously changing operating conditions such as equipment speed and load pose challenges in collecting data for bearing fault diagnosis, as it is challenging to gather data for all operational conditions. This paper proposes a transfer learning approach for bearing fault diagnosis based on adaptive batch normalization (AdaBN) and a combined optimization algorithm. Initially, a ResNet neural network is trained using source domain data. Subsequently, the trained model is transferred to the target domain, where AdaBN is applied to mitigate domain shift issues. Furthermore, a combined optimization algorithm is employed during model training to enhance fault diagnosis accuracy. Experimental validation is conducted using bearing data from the Case Western Reserve University dataset and Northeast Forestry University (NEFU) dataset. Comparison shows that AdaBN and the combined optimization algorithm improve bearing fault diagnosis accuracy effectively. On the NEFU dataset, the diagnostic accuracy exceeds 95%.
Synergistic antibacterial attributes of copper-doped polydopamine nanoparticles: an insight into photothermal enhanced antibacterial efficacy
Authors: Hu Zhiqiong , Wu Kexian , Lin Jiahong , Tan Xiaoqian , Jiang Xinyuan , Xiao Yuhang , Xiang Lanxin , Yang Shuang , Zhang Maolan , Xu Wenfeng , Chen Peixing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and associated infectious diseases pose a grave threat to human health. The antibacterial activity of metal nanoparticles has been extensively utilized in several biomedical applications, showing that they can effectively inhibit the growth of various bacteria. In this research, copper-doped polydopamine nanoparticles (Cu@PDA NPs) were synthesized through an economical process employing deionized water and ethanol as a solvent. By harnessing the high photothermal conversion efficiency of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) and the inherent antibacterial attributes of copper ions, we engineered nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial characteristics. Cu@PDA NPs exhibited a rougher surface and a higher zeta potential in comparison to PDA NPs, and both demonstrated remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency. Comprehensive antibacterial evaluations substantiated the superior efficacy of Cu@PDA NPs attributable to their copper content. These readily prepared nano-antibacterial materials exhibit substantial potential in infection prevention and treatment, owing to their synergistic combination of photothermal and spectral antibacterial features.
Global existence and singularity formation for the generalized Constantin–Lax–Majda equation with dissipation: the real line vs. periodic domains
Authors: Ambrose David M , Lushnikov Pavel M , Siegel Michael , Silantyev Denis A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The question of global existence versus finite-time singularity formation is considered for the generalized Constantin–Lax–Majda equation with dissipation

−

Λ
σ

, where

Λ

σ

ˆ

=

|

k

|

σ

, both for the problem on the circle

x
∈
[
−
π
,
π
]

and the real line. In the periodic geometry, two complementary approaches are used to prove global-in-time existence of solutions for

σ
⩾
1

and all real values of an advection parameter a when the data is small. We also derive new analytical solutions in both geometries when a = 0, and on the real line when

a
=
1

/

2

, for various values of σ. These solutions exhibit self-similar finite-time singularity formation, and the similarity exponents and conditions for singularity formation are fully characterized. We revisit an analytical solution on the real line due to Schochet for a = 0 and σ = 2, and reinterpret it terms of self-similar finite-time collapse. The analytical solutions on the real line allow finite-time singularity formation for arbitrarily small data, even for values of σ that are greater than or equal to one, thereby illustrating a critical difference between the problems on the real line and the circle. The analysis is complemented by accurate numerical simulations, which are able to track the formation and motion of singularities in the complex plane. The computations validate and build upon the analytical theory.
Intensive vision-guided network for radiology report generation
Authors: Zheng Fudan , Li Mengfei , Wang Ying , Yu Weijiang , Wang Ruixuan , Chen Zhiguang , Xiao Nong , Lu Yutong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Automatic radiology report generation is booming due to its huge application potential for the healthcare industry. However, existing computer vision and natural language processing approaches to tackle this problem are limited in two aspects. First, when extracting image features, most of them neglect multi-view reasoning in vision and model single-view structure of medical images, such as space-view or channel-view. However, clinicians rely on multi-view imaging information for comprehensive judgment in daily clinical diagnosis. Second, when generating reports, they overlook context reasoning with multi-modal information and focus on pure textual optimization utilizing retrieval-based methods. We aim to address these two issues by proposing a model that better simulates clinicians perspectives and generates more accurate reports. Approach. Given the above limitation in feature extraction, we propose a globally-intensive attention (GIA) module in the medical image encoder to simulate and integrate multi-view vision perception. GIA aims to learn three types of vision perception: depth view, space view, and pixel view. On the other hand, to address the above problem in report generation, we explore how to involve multi-modal signals to generate precisely matched reports, i.e. how to integrate previously predicted words with region-aware visual content in next word prediction. Specifically, we design a visual knowledge-guided decoder (VKGD), which can adaptively consider how much the model needs to rely on visual information and previously predicted text to assist next word prediction. Hence, our final intensive vision-guided network framework includes a GIA-guided visual encoder and the VKGD. Main results. Experiments on two commonly-used datasets IU X-RAY and MIMIC-CXR demonstrate the superior ability of our method compared with other state-of-the-art approaches. Significance. Our model explores the potential of simulating clinicians perspectives and automatically generates more accurate reports, which promotes the exploration of medical automation and intelligence.
Measurements of the noise power spectrum for digital x-ray imaging devices
Authors: Kim Dong Sik 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. The noise characteristics of digital x-ray imaging devices are determined by contributions such as photon noise, electronic noise, and fixed pattern noise, and can be evaluated from measuring the noise power spectrum (NPS), which is the power spectral density of the noise. Hence, accurately measuring NPS is important in developing detectors for acquiring low-noise digital x-ray images. To make accurate measurements, it is necessary to understand NPS, identify problems that may arise, and know how to process the obtained x-ray images. Approach. The primitive concept of NPS is first introduced with a periodogram-based estimate and its bias and variance are discussed. In measuring NPS based on the IEC62220 standards, various issues, such as the fixed pattern noise, high-precision estimates, and lag corrections, are summarized with simulation examples. Main results. High-precision estimates can be provided for an appropriate number of samples extracted from x-ray images while compromising spectral resolution. Depending on medical imaging systems, by eliminating the influence of fixed pattern noise, NPS, which represents only photon and electronic noise, can be efficiently measured. For NPS measurements in dynamic detectors, an appropriate lag correction technique can be selected depending on the emitted x-rays and image acquisition process. Significance. Various issues in measuring NPS are reviewed and summarized for accurately evaluating the noise performance of digital x-ray imaging devices.
A step-by-step simulation code for estimating yields of water radiolysis species based on electron track-structure mode in the PHITS code
Authors: Matsuya Yusuke , Yoshii Yuji , Kusumoto Tamon , Akamatsu Ken , Hirata Yuho , Sato Tatsuhiko , Kai Takeshi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Time-dependent yields of chemical products resulting from water radiolysis play a great role in evaluating DNA damage response after exposure to ionizing radiation. Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) is a general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation code for radiation transport, which simulates atomic interactions originating from discrete energy levels of ionizations and electronic excitations as well as molecular excitations as physical stages. However, no chemical code for simulating water radiolysis products exists in the PHITS package. Approach. Here, we developed a chemical simulation code dedicated to the PHITS code, hereafter called PHITS-Chem code, which enables the calculation of the G values of water radiolysis species (•OH, eaq
−, H2, H2O2 etc) by electron beams. Main results. The estimated G values during 1 μs are in agreement with the experimental ones and other simulations. This PHITS-Chem code also simulates the radiolysis in the presence of OH radical scavengers, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and dimethyl sulfoxide. Thank to this feature, the contributions of direct and indirect effects on DNA damage induction under various scavenging capacities can be analyzed. Significance. This chemical code coupled with PHITS could contribute to elucidating the mechanism of radiation effects by connecting physical, physicochemical, and chemical processes.
A sewer disease grading method based on entropy power theory
Authors: Chen Shuai , Li Ce , Han Qin , Qin Tongzhen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, urban sewers are becoming more and more dense, and a large number of pipes are inevitably suffering from various kinds of diseases due to their old age and long exposure to a wet environment, which creates various hidden dangers for people’s property safety. The identification of the type and degree of damage to sewers is still mainly manual, which requires a lot of accumulated experience to determine the level of damage and is time-consuming and laborious. To address these problems, we collected and constructed a sewer disease dataset named sewerdata, which contains over 300K images labeled by professionals and contains three common disease categories: crack, corrosion, and misalignment. Meanwhile, a sewer disease grading method based on entropy power theory is proposed. The method designs three disease grading indicators for the characteristics of sewer diseases, and its experimental results show that the detection accuracy is significantly improved compared with the traditional detection method. A disease grading method based on entropy power theory proposed in this paper aims to provide a new scientific research idea in the field of sewer disease grading and detection.
Research on super resolution angle measurement based on esprit algorithm
Authors: Zhao Wensha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of communication, radar, sonar and many other fields, angle measurement has become a very important field in signal processing. Super resolution angle measurement, compared with the traditional angle measurement, has more advantages in accuracy, so it is widely used in practical production. Super resolution angle measurement includes MUSIC algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm. This paper firstly compares the MUSIC algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm, then elaborates the ESPRIT algorithm and deduces the process. In this paper, DOA estimation based on ESPRIT algorithm is carried out for three different number of input signal sources, and the errors are analysed according to different SNR (signal to noise ratio) values. Finally, based on the simulation results, the effectiveness of ESPRIT algorithm is evaluated.