bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The End of Tuberculosis? A Belgian Sanatorium and Questionable Narratives of the Triumph Over Disease (1947–1986)
Authors: Debroyer Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics shortly after the Second World War constituted a turning point in the history of tuberculosis, since the disease came to be perceived as a treatable one which was thereby thought to no longer pose a threat to public health. This narrative, however, downplayed the role of the sanatorium in the treatment of tuberculosis, as well as the long-term consequences of the disease for those people who had once been affected. The article explores the emergence, the causes, but also the implications of these narratives of a sudden triumph over tuberculosis by studying the Elisabeth sanatorium of Sijsele in Belgium. The persistence and even resurgence of tuberculosis in the post-war period is reflected in archival information and interviews with former staff members and patients which indicate how the sanatorium and its communal living structures and practices lingered on. Moreover, such triumphalist narratives enabled a societal silence, which made coping with the aftermath of tuberculosis all the more challenging for former patients.
Perspectives of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction for Environmental Damage in the Proposal of the European Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence
Authors: Perrone Nadia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Proposal of the Directive regarding the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence provides new judicial protection for environmental damages and climate litigation caused by corporations, even in an extraterritorial context, considering the Directive’s scope of application. This prompts a discussion about the exercise of an extraterritorial jurisdiction by Member States’ courts. At European Union level, the titles of jurisdiction, identified in the Brussels I Recast Regulation, allow foreign victims to proceed before the court of a Member State, but only if the parent company is established in that specific Member State. Otherwise, these criteria are generally considered inadequate and insufficient. The proposed Directive seems to be a new opportunity to reform the European private international law, aligning it with the right to access to justice, as provided by Article 10 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
4. Models and Simulations
Authors: Ingram David 
Published: November 2023

Modelling and simulation have arisen as a third branch of science alongside theory and experiment, enabling and supporting discovery, insight, prediction and action. The Information Age gave rise to an upsurge in the use of models to represent, rationalize and reason about measured and predicted appearances of the real world. This chapter describes different kinds of model—physical, mathematical, computational—and their use in different domains and for different purposes. Solutions of mathematical model equations that defied analytical method and required huge amounts of mental and manual effort for the calculations made, before the computer, became considerably more straightforward to deal with using computational methods and tools developed and refined in the Information Age.
In the examples described, the focus is on pioneers I have been taught by, got to know or collaborated with: John Houghton (1931–2020) on weather and climate modelling, to give a perspective from a non-medical domain; Arthur Guyton (1919–2003) and John Dickinson (1927–2015) on modelling of body systems and clinical physiology; Louis Sheppard on model-based control systems for intensive care, and mathematical models applied to track and predict the course of epidemics and analyze clinical decisions. Other examples are from teams I have been privileged to see firsthand, as a reviewer and advisory board chair of largescale research projects across the European Union.

With colleagues in the UK and Canada, I previously published the Mac Series models of clinical physiology with Oxford University Press. I have established a Cloud-based emulation environment to provide access to these working models—created in the first half of my career and thus now archaic in terms of software interface—to accompany their description in one of the chapter’s examples.
10. Half and Whole
Authors: Ingram David 
Published: November 2023

The previous chapter will have left no doubt that there remains a huge amount still to do. Echoing Bon Jovi, this final chapter builds on a theme of being halfway there! We are at halftime in the transition from Information Age to Information Society health care. The chapter is a halftime report to the new teams girding their loins to come on for the second half. Human societies define themselves by their values and traditions and how they adapt and change in times of anarchic transition.
In whatever way we evolve as individuals and communities in the coming years, the information technology and utility that inform, support and enact health care systems and services will only contribute in half measure to what is needed to create and sustain health and health care for the Information Society. I recount, with her approval, the personal struggle through medical accident, intensive care and prolonged rehabilitative care of my doctor wife, over a two-year period. The story of her survival and recovery is bipartite: half about the health care services and support she experienced and half about her character, struggle and determination to get well.
The book comes full circle, having connected around Shiyali Ranganathan’s (1892–1972) circle of knowledge and a cycle of learning about the coevolution of health care with the science and technology of the Information Age. This has been a first half of transition played out on a landscape populated with emerging and immature information technology. It is a preface to a second half, yet to come, to be played out in the context of maturing information technology and new bioscience, artificial intelligence and robotics, accompanied by an emerging and supportive, citizen-centred information utility. It will play out in the context of new device technologies, information systems and networks that enable much more of health care to be based at home and in the local community, be that in city centres or the most remote of outback communities in the world. There will be a continuing adventure of ideas, anarchy of transition and reform, played out around new circles of knowledge and cycles of learning.
Comparative Analysis of the Latest Global Oceanic Precipitation Estimates from GPM V07 and GPCP V3.2 Products
Authors: Behrangi Ali , Song Yang , Huffman George J. , Adler Robert F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Satellites bring opportunities to quantify precipitation amount and distribution over the globe, critical to understanding how the Earth system works. The amount and spatial distribution of oceanic precipitation from the latest versions (V07 and the previous version) of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory instruments and selected members of the constellation of passive microwave sensors are quantified and compared with other products such as the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP V3.2); the Merged CloudSat, TRMM, and GPM (MCTG) climatology; and ERA5. Results show that GPM V07 products have a higher precipitation rate than the previous version, except for the radar-only product. Within ∼65°S–65°N, covered by all of the instruments, this increase ranges from about 9% for the combined radar–radiometer product to about 16% for radiometer-only products. While GPM precipitation products still show lower mean precipitation rate than MCTG (except over the tropics and Arctic Ocean), the V07 products (except radar-only) are generally more consistent with MCTG and GPCP V3.2 than V05. Over the tropics (25°S–25°N), passive microwave sounders show the highest precipitation rate among all of the precipitation products studied and the highest increase (∼19%) compared to their previous version. Precipitation products are least consistent in midlatitude oceans in the Southern Hemisphere, displaying the largest spread in mean precipitation rate and location of latitudinal peak precipitation. Precipitation products tend to show larger spread over regions with low and high values of sea surface temperature and total precipitable water. The analysis highlights major discrepancies among the products and areas for future research.
Evaluation and Intercomparison of Small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Used for Atmospheric Research
Authors: de Boer Gijs , Butterworth Brian J. , Elston Jack S. , Houston Adam , Pillar-Little Elizabeth , Argrow Brian , Bell Tyler M. , Chilson Phillip , Choate Christopher , Greene Brian R. , Islam Ashraful , Martz Ryan , Rhodes Michael , Rico Daniel , Stachura Maciej , Lappin Francesca M. , Segales Antonio R. , Whyte Seabrooke , Wilson Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUAS) are regularly being used to conduct atmospheric research and are starting to be used as a data source for informing weather models through data assimilation. However, only a limited number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of these systems and assess their ability to replicate measurements from more traditional sensors such as radiosondes and towers. In the current work, we use data collected in central Oklahoma over a 2-week period to offer insight into the performance of five different sUAS platforms and associated sensors in measuring key weather data. This includes data from three rotary-wing and two fixed-wing sUAS and included two commercially available systems and three university-developed research systems. Flight data were compared to regular radiosondes launched at the flight location, tower observations, and intercompared with data from other sUAS platforms. All platforms were shown to measure atmospheric state with reasonable accuracy, though there were some consistent biases detected for individual platforms. This information can be used to inform future studies using these platforms and is currently being used to provide estimated error covariances as required in support of assimilation of sUAS data into weather forecasting systems.
Classification of Warm-Season Precipitation in High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Model Forecasts over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Chen I-Han , Berner Judith , Keil Christian , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Craig George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study uses the convective adjustment time scale to identify the climatological frequency of equilibrium and nonequilibrium convection in different parts of the contiguous United States (CONUS) as modeled by the operational convection-allowing High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) forecast system. We find a qualitatively different climatology in the northern and southern domains separated by the 40°N parallel. The convective adjustment time scale picks up the fact that convection over the northern domains is governed by synoptic flow (leading to equilibrium), while locally forced, nonequilibrium convection dominates over the southern domains. Using a machine learning algorithm, we demonstrate that the convective adjustment time-scale diagnostic provides a sensible classification that agrees with the underlying dynamics of equilibrium and nonequilibrium convection. Furthermore, the convective adjustment time scale can indicate the model quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) quality, as it correctly reflects the higher QPF skill for precipitation under strong synoptic forcing. This diagnostic based on the strength of forcing for convection will be employed in future studies across different parts of CONUS to objectively distinguish different weather situations and explore the potential connection to warm-season precipitation predictability.

Significance Statement
An objective classification metric that can delineate a wide range of forecasts into distinct scenarios can serve as a valuable tool. This study represents a pioneering effort in utilizing the convective adjustment time scale to identify the climatological frequency of warm-season precipitation under varying levels of synoptic forcing in different parts of the contiguous United States (CONUS). The results demonstrate that the convective adjustment time scale is a robust metric for categorizing precipitation events and establishing a direct link to their predictability. Overall, this study provides a valuable framework for future studies focused on the CONUS domain, offering guidance on how to employ the convective adjustment time scale to classify weather regimes and explore the influence of environmental conditions on predictability of convection.
Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth: A Longitudinal Analysis Across Different Income Group Countries
Authors: Kumar Piyali , Datta Soumyendra Kishore 
Published: November 2023

This study attempts to analyse the relation of ecological footprint (EF) and air pollutants—CO2, N2O, SO2 and CH4—with economic growth, urbanisation, foreign direct investment and energy consumption through environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework by employing fixed/random effect model. It involves a panel of 55 selected countries from several income groups—high, middle and low—covering the period 1990–2018. A theoretical approach has been developed to analyse the pollution intensity of population, based on decomposition analysis coherent with application of the notion of Kaya identity. The results confirmed the existence of inverted U-shaped relationship for EF and SO2 in all types of countries. The pollutants—CO2, N2O and CH4—exhibit inverse U-shaped EKC in middle- and low-income countries. Only for high-income countries, N2O model detects the existence of U-shaped curve. The study suggests that reconsideration of some economic and environmental policies is necessary to mitigate environmental degradation issues. JEL Codes: Q54, O4, O21, Q43, Q56
Need Fulfillment During Intergroup Contact: Three Experience Sampling Studies
Authors: Kreienkamp Jannis , Agostini Maximilian , Bringmann Laura F. , de Jonge Peter , Epstude Kai 
Published: November 2023

One challenge of modern intergroup contact research has been the question of when and why an interaction is perceived as positive and improves intergroup relations. We propose to consider the perceived fulfillment of the situationally most relevant need. We conducted three intensive longitudinal studies with recent migrants to capture their interactions with the majority out-group ( Nmeasurements = 10,297; Nparticipants = 207). The situational need fulfillment mechanism is consistently a strong predictor of perceived interaction quality and positive out-group attitudes following intergroup interactions. The model is specific to out-group contact, robust to various need types, and works at least as well as Allport’s contact conditions. As one of the first studies to test intergroup contact theory using intensive longitudinal data, we offer insight into the mechanisms of positive intergroup contact during real-life interactions and find situational motivations to be a key building block for understanding and addressing positive intergroup interactions. Public significance statement: In this article, we provide evidence that the fulfillment of situational needs during real-life intergroup contacts meaningfully predicts perceived interaction quality and positive outgroup attitudes. Methodologically, this offers a testament to the emerging practice of capturing real-life interactions using intensive longitudinal data. Theoretically, our results give weight to motivational fulfillment as a flexible and effective mechanism for understanding positive intergroup contact.
Real-world effectiveness of fremanezumab for the preventive treatment of migraine: Interim analysis of the pan-European, prospective, observational, phase 4 PEARL study
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Mitsikostas Dimos D. , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Kokturk Pinar , Schankin Christoph J. , Sahin Gurdal , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Dorman Paul J. , Nežádal Tomáš , Poole Anne Christine , Martins Isabel Pavão , Sumelahti Marja-Liisa , Ramirez Campos Verena , Ahn Andrew H. , Lyras Leonidas , Tassorelli Cristina 
Published: November 2023

Background The ongoing Pan-European Real Life (PEARL) phase 4 study is evaluating fremanezumab effectiveness and safety for the prevention of episodic and chronic migraine. This interim analysis reports primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints from when 500 participants completed at least six months of treatment. Methods Adults with episodic migraine or chronic migraine maintaining daily headache diaries were enrolled upon initiation of fremanezumab. Primary endpoint: proportion of participants with ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days during the six-month period after fremanezumab initiation. Secondary endpoints: mean change from baseline across months 1–12 in monthly migraine days, acute migraine medication use, and headache-related disability. Exploratory endpoint: mean change in headache severity from baseline across months 1–12. Safety was assessed through adverse events reported. Results Overall, 897 participants were enrolled and 574 included in the effectiveness analyses (episodic migraine, 25.8%; chronic migraine, 74.2%). Of participants with data available, 175/313 (55.9%) achieved ≥50% monthly migraine days reduction during the six-month period post-initiation. Across months 1–12, there were sustained reductions in mean monthly migraine days, acute medication use, disability scores, and headache severity. Few adverse events were reported. Conclusion PEARL interim results support the effectiveness and safety of fremanezumab for migraine prevention in a real-world population across several European countries. Trial registration: encepp.eu: EUPAS35111
Development and psychometric properties of the Reproductive Health Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Mixed-Methods study
Authors: Behboodi Moghadam Zahra , Zareiyan Armin , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Rezaei Elham 
Published: November 2023

Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high morbidity rate (7% in general and 325/100.000 in reproductive period) was known as “the mother of autoimmune diseases.” But healthcare providers hadn't reliable scales to measure the effectiveness of interventions to improve reproductive health. Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) express concern about a significant gap in their reproductive and sexual health during medical care due to the lack of a specific scale to measure this concept. This study developed psychometrically specific scale to evaluate this concept in Iranian women. Methods The study utilized a sequential-exploratory mixed-methods design, wherein the concept of reproductive health was clarified during the qualitative phase using conventional content analysis (inductive-deductive) to create a pool of RHASLE (Reproductive Health Assessment in SLE) items. During the psychometric process, the face, content, and construct validities of the RHASLE were checked with 650 individuals (320 using exploratory factor analysis [EFA] and 330 using confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]) through interviews and completion of the questionnaire. Convergent and divergent validities were then checked, and the reliability was assessed through stability and internal consistency. Finally, the measurement error, responsiveness, and interpretability of the scale were evaluated and confirmed. Results The study's findings revealed that the RHASLE consisted of 5 factors (33 items): physical-psychological disorder (13 items), relaxing feeling (6 items), spirituality (3 items), high-risk pregnancies (5 items), and sexual satisfaction (6 items). These factors explained a total of 99.97% of the variance in the concept of reproductive health. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good model fit, and its validity and reliability were deemed acceptable. Conclusion The RHASLE consisted of 27 items with high internal consistency, stability, responsiveness, and interpretability. That was able to get approval of Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Based on the results, RHASLE is a valid and reliable multidimensional scale that encompasses various aspects of reproductive health (physical, sexual, psychological, social, and spiritual).
Improvement of airflow uniformity and noise reduction with optimized V-shape configuration of perforated plate in the air distributor
Authors: Liu Zhe , Sun Bohua , Cui Haihang , Huang Minghua 
Published: November 2023

The air distributor is the end component of the ventilation system, and its performance directly determines the comfortable and pleasant feeling of the residence. A perforated plate can be added to the air distributor to convert dynamic pressure into static pressure first and then distribute the air flow, which provides better self-adjustment compared with the embedded guide vane structure. However, the perforated plate can lead to a contradiction between head loss, noise and distribution uniformity. To reconcile this problem, a novel V-shape configuration of the perforated plate was put forward in this study. The internal flow and aeroacoustic properties of different types of perforated plates were systematically studied, and a full-scale test platform was built to verify the flow characteristics. The effects of hole size and installation position of the perforated plate on the uniform distribution of air flow were analyzed by the parametric analysis method. Then, the sound pressure level of the optimized perforated plate air distributor was further analyzed. The results show that, with the optimized perforated plate structure, the uniform flow performance was improved by about 30% and the overall sound pressure level was reduced by up to 12 dB.
Paediatric trigger fingers: a 47-year experience
Authors: Wan Rou , Sarcon Aida K. , Pommer Paula Pino , Mundell Benjamin F. , Zhao Chunfeng , Moran Steven L. 
Published: November 2023

Paediatric trigger finger is rare compared to adult trigger finger or paediatric trigger thumb, and the aetiology is unclear. Proposed causes include local trauma, anatomical anomalies and systemic conditions. The aim of the present study was to detail the anatomical causes of surgically treated paediatric trigger fingers and provide an operative algorithm based on the anatomical findings. A total of 76 trigger fingers in 38 patients were identified retrospectively at our institution between 1975 and 2022. In total, 41 fingers in 26 patients had anatomical variations. A nodular thickening on the tendon, similar to Notta’s nodule in trigger thumbs, was the most common anatomical cause. Abnormal decussation of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon was the second most common variation. The recurrence rate was significantly lower after resection of one slip of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon compared to other surgical techniques in these patients. We recommend that surgeons assess for possible anatomical variation during surgery for the trigger finger. Level of evidence: IV