bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative measurements of alternating finger tapping in Parkinson's disease correlate with UPDRS motor disability and reveal the improvement in fine motor control from medication and deep brain stimulation
Authors: Taylor Tavares Ana Lisa , Jefferis Gregory S.X.E , Koop Mandy , Hill Bruce C. , Hastie Trevor , Heit Gary , Bronte‐Stewart Helen M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is the primary outcome measure in most clinical trials of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapeutics. Each subscore of the motor section (UPDRS III) compresses a wide range of motor performance into a coarse‐grained scale from 0 to 4; the assessment of performance can also be subjective. Quantitative digitography (QDG) is an objective, quantitative assessment of digital motor control using a computer‐interfaced musical keyboard. In this study, we show that the kinematics of a repetitive alternating finger‐tapping (RAFT) task using QDG correlate with the UPDRS motor score, particularly with the bradykinesia subscore, in 33 patients with PD. We show that dopaminergic medication and an average of 9.5 months of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (B‐STN DBS) significantly improve UPDRS and QDG scores but may have different effects on certain kinematic parameters. This study substantiates the use of QDG to measure motor outcome in trials of PD therapeutics and shows that medication and B‐STN DBS both improve fine motor control. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Abnormal sleep architecture is an early feature in the E46K familial synucleinopathy
Authors: Zarranz Juan J. , Fernández‐Bedoya Anabel , Lambarri Imanol , Gómez‐Esteban Juan C. , Lezcano Elena , Zamacona Javier , Madoz Pedro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe examined 7 patients from a family harboring a novel mutation in the α‐synuclein gene (E46K) that segregated with a phenotype of parkinsonism and dementia with Lewy bodies. An abnormal restless sleep was the presenting symptom in 2 of them. Polysomnographic (PSG) studies were performed in 4 of the 7 patients and in 2 asymptomatic carriers of the mutation. A severe loss of both rapid eye movement (REM) and non‐REM sleep was observed in 2 patients complaining of insomnia and in a third parkinsonian member of the family who did not complain of trouble with sleeping. Another parkinsonian family member had a mild disorganization of the sleep architecture. The 2 asymptomatic carriers also had minor changes in the PSG findings. Episodes of bizarre behavior at night were reported historically in the 2 symptomatic patients, but we did not observed the behaviors during the PSG studies. REM sleep behavior disorder could not be recorded in any case. Our findings expand the spectrum of sleep disorders reported in synucleinopathies whether sporadic or familial. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Essential tremor centralized brain repository: Diagnostic validity and clinical characteristics of a highly selected group of essential tremor cases
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Borden Sarah , Moskowitz Carol B. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe studied essential tremor (ET) cases enrolled in the Essential Tremor Centralized Brain Repository to (1) assess the validity of their diagnoses and (2) characterize the clinical features in a group of highly selected cases who might reflect a far end of the disease spectrum. Our over‐arching goal was to provide a perspective of ET that complements that derived from population‐based and clinic‐based studies. Based on a history and videotaped examination, 94 of 100 ET cases had their diagnoses confirmed; most of the remainder had Parkinson's disease. When compared with ET cases ascertained through populations and clinics, a large proportion had been prescribed medication for tremor (87.2%), had a family history of tremor (88.3%), had rest tremor (33.0%), or had neck tremor (60.6%). One patient had facial tremor, which has not been reported previously. As has been reported once before, a large proportion wore hearing aids (26.9% of the 67 participants age ≥ 70). In summary, diagnostic validity was high. In terms of their clinical characteristics, the high proportion of cases with severe tremor and varied disease manifestations (neck tremor, rest tremor) make these cases a valuable resource in pathological studies; the high proportion with familial tremor would provide an enriched sample for genetic studies. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Throat clicking as the initial symptom of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Iyer Sanjay S. , Morgan John C. , Glover Andrea L. , Sethi Kapil D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe presenting manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are variable, but a majority of patients note tremor as the initial symptom. Others complain of slowing of movements, loss of dexterity, fatigue, or changes in handwriting as initial symptoms. We describe a patient who developed an unusual clicking sound emanating from his throat as the initial manifestation of PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Preserved cardiac sympathetic nerve accounts for normal cardiac uptake of MIBG in PARK2
Authors: Orimo Satoshi , Amino Takeshi , Yokochi Masayuki , Kojo Tohru , Uchihara Toshiki , Takahashi Atsushi , Wakabayashi Koichi , Takahashi Hitoshi , Hattori Nobutaka , Mizuno Yoshikuni 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe performed [123I] MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in two of three patients with PARK2 from unrelated families and examined the heart tissues from the three patients immunohistochemically using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to see whether cardiac sympathetic nerve is involved. Cardiac uptake of MIBG was normal except for a slight decrease in the late phase in one of the patients. Postmortem examination revealed that TH‐immunoreactive nerve fibers in the epicardium were well preserved in all three patients. The present study confirmed that cardiac sympathetic nerve is well preserved in PARK2 with a homozygous exon deletion, which accounts for normal cardiac uptake of MIBG. Moreover, normal cardiac uptake of MIBG might be of potential diagnostic value to indicate the absence of Lewy body pathology, even in patients with levodopa‐responsive Parkinsonism, as in PARK2. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Preparation of gradient copolymers via ATRP using a simultaneous reverse and normal initiation process. I. Spontaneous gradient
Authors: Min Ke , Li Mei , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSpontaneous gradient copolymers were prepared in both bulk and miniemulsion systems via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) utilizing a Simultaneous Reverse and Normal Initiation (SR & NI) process. Both instantaneous and cumulative compositions were used to characterize the gradient copolymers. The gradient copolymers were obtained with an array of gradient compositions ranging from a subtle to strong variation in monomer distribution along the polymer backbones, depending on the ratio of comonomers initially added to the copolymerization system. The compositions of the gradient copolymer produced in miniemulsion systems were similar to those generated in bulk. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3616–3622, 2005
Preparation of polymethylsilsesquioxanes by the base‐catalyzed hydrolytic polycondensation of triisopropoxy(methyl)silane
Authors: Gunji Takahiro , Tanikawa Satoshi , Arimitsu Koji , Abe Yoshimoto 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBase‐catalyzed hydrolytic polycondensation of trialkoxymethylsilane was investigated to synthesize polymethylsilsesquioxanes (PMSs). The reaction of trimethoxy(methyl)silane and triethoxy(methyl)silane with tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and also coline gave insoluble gels. Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMS‐IP) was obtained by the reaction of triisopropoxy(methyl)silane (MTIPS) with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as a catalyst. PMS‐IP was composed primarily of T2 and T3 units. The percentage of T3 units and the molecular weight of PMS‐IP increased with increases in the molar ratios of catalyst and water to MTIPS and with the reaction time. PMS‐IP was soluble in organic solvents, except for methanol, and was separated by extraction with hexane and methanol into low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight fractions of Mw 2800–4000 and 7300–88,300, respectively. PMS‐IP coating films were prepared by dip coating on the organic, inorganic, and metal substrates, using the acetone–isopropyl alcohol solution of PMS‐IP. Since PMS‐IP solutions prepared with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide were hardly used because of the low content of hydroxy groups in the polymer, they showed low adhesion when compared with those solutions prepared with hydrochloric acid. The dielectric constant of the coating film prepared from the high‐molecular‐weight PMS‐IP was 2.6. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3623–3630, 2005
Comparison of sequence and structure‐based datasets for nonredundant structural data mining
Authors: Chu Carmen K. , Feng Lina L. , Wouters Merridee A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractStructural data mining studies attempt to deduce general principles of protein structure from solved structures deposited in the protein data bank (PDB). The entire database is unsuitable for such studies because it is not representative of the ensemble of protein folds. Given that novel folds continue to be unearthed, some folds are currently unrepresented in the PDB while other folds are overrepresented. Overrepresentation can easily be avoided by filtering the dataset. PDB_SELECT is a well‐used representative subset of the PDB that has been deduced by sequence comparison. Specifically, structures with sequences that exhibit a pairwise sequence identity above a threshold value are weeded from the dataset. Although length criteria for pairwise alignments have a structural basis, this automated method of pruning is essentially sequence‐based and runs into problems in the twilight zone, possibly resulting in some folds being overrepresented. The value‐added structure databases SCOP and CATH are also a potential source of a nonredundant dataset. Here we compare the sequence‐derived dataset PDB_SELECT with the structural databases SCOP (Structural Classification Of Proteins) and CATH (Class‐Architecture‐Topology‐Homology). We show that some folds remain overrepresented in the PDB_SELECT dataset while other folds are not represented at all. However, SCOP and CATH also have their own problems such as the labor‐intensiveness of the update process and the problem of determining whether all folds are equally or sufficiently distant. We discuss areas where further work is required. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fold usage on genomes and protein fold evolution
Authors: Abeln Sanne , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe review fold usage on completed genomes to explore protein structure evolution. The patterns of presence or absence of folds on genomes gives us insights into the relationships between folds, the age of different folds and how we have arrived at the set of folds we see today. We examine the relationships between different measures which describe protein fold usage, such as the number of copies of a fold per genome, the number of families per fold, and the number of genomes a fold occurs on. We obtained these measures of fold usage by searching for the structural domains on 157 completed genome sequences from all three kingdoms of life. In our comparisons of these measures we found that bacteria have relatively more distinct folds on their genomes than archaea. Eukaryotes were found to have many more copies of a fold on their genomes. If we separate out the different fold classes, the alpha/beta class has relatively fewer distinct folds on large genomes, more copies of a fold on bacteria and more folds occurring in all three kingdoms simultaneously. These results possibly indicate that most alpha/beta folds originated earlier than other folds. The expected power law distribution is observed for copies of a fold per genome and we found a similar distribution for the number of families per fold. However, a more complicated distribution appears for fold occurrence across genomes, which strongly depends on fold class and kingdom. We also show that there is not a clear relationship between the three measures of fold usage. A fold which occurs on many genomes does not necessarily have many copies on each genome. Similarly, folds with many copies do not necessarily have many families or vice versa. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling protein recognition of carbohydrates
Authors: Laederach Alain , Reilly Peter J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe have a limited understanding of the details of molecular recognition of carbohydrates by proteins, which is critical to a multitude of biological processes. Furthermore, carbohydrate‐modifying proteins such as glycosyl hydrolases and phosphorylases are of growing importance as potential drug targets. Interactions between proteins and carbohydrates have complex thermodynamics, and in general the specific positioning of only a few hydroxyl groups determines their binding affinities. A thorough understanding of both carbohydrate and protein structures is thus essential to predict these interactions. An atomic‐level view of carbohydrate recognition through structures of carbohydrate‐active enzymes complexed with transition‐state inhibitors reveals some of the distinctive molecular features unique to protein–carbohydrate complexes. However, the inherent flexibility of carbohydrates and their often water‐mediated hydrogen bonding to proteins makes simulation of their complexes difficult. Nonetheless, recent developments such as the parameterization of specific force fields and docking scoring functions have greatly improved our ability to predict protein–carbohydrate interactions. We review protein–carbohydrate complexes having defined molecular requirements for specific carbohydrate recognition by proteins, providing an overview of the different computational techniques available to model them. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large‐scale prediction of function shift in protein families with a focus on enzymatic function
Authors: Abhiman Saraswathi , Sonnhammer Erik L.L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractProtein function shift can be predicted from sequence comparisons, either using positive selection signals or evolutionary rate estimation. None of the methods have been validated on large datasets, however. Here we investigate existing and novel methods for protein function shift prediction, and benchmark the accuracy against a large dataset of proteins with known enzymatic functions. Function change was predicted between subfamilies by identifying two kinds of sites in a multiple sequence alignment: Conservation‐Shifting Sites (CSS), which are conserved in two subfamilies using two different amino acid types, and Rate‐Shifting Sites (RSS), which have different evolutionary rates in two subfamilies. CSS were predicted by a new entropy‐based method, and RSS using the Rate‐Shift program. In principle, the more CSS and RSS between two subfamilies, the more likely a function shift between them. A test dataset was built by extracting subfamilies from Pfam with different EC numbers that belong to the same domain family. Subfamilies were generated automatically using a phylogenetic tree‐based program, BETE. The dataset comprised 997 subfamily pairs with four or more members per subfamily. We observed a significant increase in CSS and RSS for subfamily comparisons with different EC numbers compared to cases with same EC numbers. The discrimination was better using RSS than CSS, and was more pronounced for larger families. Combining RSS and CSS by discriminant analysis improved classification accuracy to 71%. The method was applied to the Pfam database and the results are available athttp://FunShift.cgb.ki.se. A closer examination of some superfamily comparisons showed that single EC numbers sometimes embody distinct functional classes. Hence, the measured accuracy of function shift is underestimated. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Soluble, Near‐Monodisperse Gold Nanorods and Other Anisotropic Nanoparticles
Authors: Jana Nikhil R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn aqueous surfactant‐based colloidal chemical method is reported for the synthesis of anisotropic noble‐metal nanoparticles on the milligram to multigram scale. Fine control of the nucleation‐growth kinetics and rodlike micelle‐induced breaking of symmetry at the early stage of particle growth are responsible for high‐quality anisotropic nanoparticles. Near‐monodisperse gold and silver nanorods, spheroids, nanowires, platelets, or cubes of 4–50 nm dimension and controllable aspect ratio can be prepared. The method may also be extended to semiconductor systems.
Unconventional Gallium Oxide Nanowires
Authors: Zhan Jinhua , Bando Yoshio , Hu Junqing , Xu Fangfang , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: July 2005

AbstractZigzag and helical β‐Ga2O3 one‐dimensional nanostructures were produced by thermal evaporation of gallium oxide in the presence of gallium nitride. High‐resolution TEM analysis indicates that each individual zigzag nanostructure has a periodic arrangement of three distinct blocks: two structurally perfect blocks mirrored with respect to each other on the (002) plane, and one stacking‐fault‐rich block sandwiched between them. In a zigzag nanostructure, the growth orientation of a β‐Ga2O3 crystal changes alternately in three blocks. The zigzag nanostructure as a whole has the [001] axial direction. In addition to zigzag nanostructures, single‐crystalline helical nanowires were also obtained.
Towards a model of suicidal ideation for Hong Kong Chinese adolescents☆
Authors: Sun Rachel C.F. , Hui Eadaoin K.P. , Watkins David 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis study tested a model of suicidal ideation with family cohesion, expressiveness, conflicts, teacher support, teacher–student relationships and peer support as antecedents, and self‐esteem and depression as mediators. Data was collected from survey questionnaires with 433 Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The results showed that only family cohesion, conflicts, teacher support and peer support significantly predicted self‐esteem and depression, with depression being a strong mediator of suicidal ideation. Implications of the findings for future research were discussed.
NMDA receptors contribute to the survival promoting effect of high potassium in cultured cerebellar granule cells
Authors: Armanino María , Gravielle María C. , Natalia Marangoni M. , Fiszman Mónica L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe present report further analyzes the survival promoting effect of high potassium, a condition that mimics neural activity in cultured cerebellar granule cells, an excellent model to study trophic mechanisms induced by depolarization and trophic factors. We found that the survival promoting effect measured at 7 days in vitro (DIV 7) of depolarizing potassium concentrations (25 mM KCl), added at DIV2, is partially prevented by adding at DIV 2 the non‐competitive NMDA blocker MK801 (10 μM). The concentration of MK801 used blocks completely the survival promoting effect of a supramaximal effective concentration of NMDA (100 μM). The addition at DIV 2 of anti‐brain derived neurotrophic factor (anti‐BDNF) antibody, failed to modify the effect of high potassium. The present report provides evidences that in cultured cerebellar granule cells, high potassium‐induced survival promoting effect is due in part by the activation of NMDA receptors. The effect does not require the presence of BDNF.
Ret, GFRalpha‐1, GFRalpha‐2 and GFRalpha‐3 receptors in the human hippocampus and fascia dentata
Authors: Serra Maria Pina , Quartu Marina , Mascia Francesca , Manca Annalisa , Boi Marianna , Pisu M. Giuseppina , Lai Maria Letizia , Del Fiacco Marina 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe immunohistochemical occurrence and localization of the receptor components of the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands, the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and GDNF family receptor (GFR) alpha‐1 to ‐3, is described in the human post‐mortem hippocampal formation at pre‐ and full‐term newborn, and adult age. Two different antibodies for each of the four‐receptor molecules were used. Western blot analysis indicates that the availability of GFRalpha receptor proteins may vary with age and post‐mortem delay. The immunohistochemical detectability of GFRalpha‐1, GFRalpha‐2, GFRalpha‐3 and Ret receptor molecules is shown in the rat up to 72 h post‐mortem. In the human specimens, labelled neuronal perikarya were detectable for each receptor protein at all examined ages, with prevalent localization in the pyramidal layer of the Ammon's horn and hilus and granular layer of the fascia dentata. In the adult subjects, abundant punctate‐like structures were also present. Labelled glial elements were identifiable. Comparison of the pattern of immunoreactive elements among young and adult subjects suggests that the intracellular distribution of the GDNF family ligands may vary between pre‐ and perinatal life and adult age. The results obtained suggest the involvement of the Ret and GFRalpha receptors signalling in processes subserving both the organization of this cortical region during development and the functional activity and maintenance of the mature hippocampal neurons.
Use of structural equation modeling in operations management research: Looking back and forward
Authors: Shah Rachna , Goldstein Susan Meyer 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper reviews applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in four major Operations Management journals (Management Science, Journal of Operations Management, Decision Sciences, and Journal of Production and Operations Management Society) and provides guidelines for improving the use of SEM in operations management (OM) research. We review 93 articles from the earliest application of SEM in these journals in 1984 through August 2003. We document and assess these published applications and identify methodological issues gleaned from the SEM literature. The implications of overlooking fundamental assumptions of SEM and ignoring serious methodological issues are presented along with guidelines for improving future applications of SEM in OM research. We find that while SEM is a valuable tool for testing and advancing OM theory, OM researchers need to pay greater attention to these highlighted issues to take full advantage of its potential.
Factor‐product markets and firm's capital structure: A literature review
Authors: Istaitieh Abdulaziz , Rodríguez‐Fernández José M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe present an overview of the literature that links capital structure and factor‐product markets. These studies relate some elements of the modern financial theory to the stakeholder theory, industrial organization, and firms' strategic management. Three main points are highlighted. First, the relevant role of non‐financial stakeholders in capital structure design. Second, the interactions between capital structure and market structure. Third, the two‐direction effect between the firm's capital structure and its strategic behavior in product markets. Our study aims to build an index for the existing works to guide researchers for new ideas and possible advances.