bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte supernatants on human microglia
Authors: Séguin Rosanne , Biernacki Katarzyna , Prat Alexandre , Wosik Karolina , Kim Ho‐Jin , Blain Manon , Mccrea Ellie , Bar‐Or Amit , Antel Jack P. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe assessed the effects of soluble molecules (supernatants) produced by pro‐ (Th1) and anti‐ (Th2) inflammatory T‐cell lines on the capacity of adult human CNS‐derived microglia to express or produce selected cell surface and soluble molecules that regulate immune reactivity or impact on tissue protection/repair within the CNS. Treatment of microglia with supernatants from allo‐antigen and myelin basic protein‐specific Th1 cell lines augmented expression of cell surface molecules MHC class II, CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD54, enhanced the functional antigen‐presenting cell capacity of microglia in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, and increased cytokine/chemokine secretion (TNFα, IL‐6, and CXCL10/IP‐10). These Th1‐induced effects were not reproduced by interferon‐γ (IFNγ) alone and were only incompletely blocked by anti‐IFNγ antibody. Th2 cell supernatant treatments did not alter costimulatory/adhesion molecule expression or induce cytokine/chemokine production by microglia. Th2 treatment, furthermore, failed to reduce the induction observed in response to Th1 supernatants. Neither Th1 nor Th2 supernatants induced production of the neurotrophin molecules, nerve growth factor, or brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. Our results suggest that soluble molecules released by Th1 and not Th2 cells that infiltrate the CNS can stimulate resident microglia to acquire enhanced effector and accessory cell functions; the Th1‐induced effects were not downregulated by Th2 supernatant‐mediated bystander suppression. GLIA 42:36–45, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Professional growth plans: Possibilities and limitations of an organizationwide employee development strategy
Authors: Fenwick Tara J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractProfessional growth plans, while not a new approach to employee development, are rarely mandated as standard
supervisory practice. This article offers a study of widescale mandatory implementation of professional growth
plans (PGPs) in Canadian school systems, as an approach to fostering continuous professional learning.
Reported benefits include greater employee commitment to learning; increased employee focus on purposes for
their own development; increased collegiality; and employees' sense of self‐affirmation.
Tensions over control and direction, between organizational desires to guide employee development and
professionals' desires for autonomy, need to be worked through. But with sufficient employee‐supervisor
trust, dialogue, flexibility, and patience, the findings suggest that PGPs motivate dialogue and questioning that
energizes collective learning and professional practice.
The handling of nonresponse error
Authors: Dooley Larry M. , Lindner James R. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to describe and explore how nonresponse in Human Resource Development
Quarterly (HRDQ) historically has been handled. All feature and article manuscripts (n
= 158) published in HRDQ during the years 1990 through 1999 were analyzed using
content analysis techniques. Study findings show that not mentioning nonresponse error as a threat to external
validity of a study, not attempting to control for nonresponse error, or not providing a reference to the
literature were unfortunately the norm and not the exception. Four recommendations for handling nonresponse
error are comparison of early to late respondents, using “days to respond” as a regression
variable, comparing respondents to nonrespondents, and comparing respondents on characteristics known a
priori.
Boys' and girls' perceptions of parental discipline in transgression situations
Authors: Sorbring Emma , Rödholm‐Funnemark Margaretha , Palmérus Kerstin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractChildren's perceptions of parental discipline methods and their perceptions of child gender differences in their parents' choices of discipline methods were assessed. One hundred and seventy 8‐year‐old children (78 boys, 92 girls) in two‐parent families were asked about disciplinary behaviour in five transgression situations. The results pointed to gender differences when the children were talking about themselves. Boys believed that they would receive more physical punishment, milder requests and less induction than girls. Children also indicated that their parents would choose a different response if they (themselves) were of the other sex. Both boys and girls reported that their parents would treat boys more severely than they would girls. The results showed that the responses of those children with a sibling of the other sex did not reveal any gender‐differentiated experience of their parents' discipline strategies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interleukin‐10 genotypes associate with the risk of gastric carcinoma in Taiwanese Chinese
Authors: Wu Ming‐Shiang , Wu Chun‐Ying , Chen Chien‐Jen , Lin Ming‐Tsan , Shun Chia‐Tung , Lin Jaw‐Town 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe association of cytokine genotypes with gastric carcinoma (GC) may be influenced by environmental factors and varies among different populations. Few studies have addressed the impact of different cytokine genotypes on the development and progression of GC. We analyzed 11 functional polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐4 and IL‐10 genes in 220 Taiwanese Chinese with GC and in 230 healthy controls. The risk of genotypes was adjusted with confounding environmental risks. Our results revealed that the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection [odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–2.56], cigarette smoking (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.38–2.95) and high IL‐10 producer genotype (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.29–5.50) was significantly increased in the entire GC patients. Among different subtypes of GC, a higher risk of developing diffuse type (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01–2.67) or cardia cancer (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.13–2.67) was observed for the CT/CC genotype of IL‐4 at the position −590, whereas the high IL‐10 producer genotype was significantly linked with the risk of cardia cancer (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.06–9.73) or advanced stage (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.12–4.64). No association was noted between GC and controls in the distribution of IL‐1 and TNF‐α genotypes. Logistic regression analyses revealed that H. pylori infection (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.14–2.52), cigarette smoking (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.27–‐2.96) and IL‐10 genotype (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.24–5.61) are independent risks for GC. Independent effects of IL‐10 genotype, H. pylori infection and cigarette smoking indicate that carcinogenesis of GC is influenced by a variety of host and environmental factors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating levels of sex steroid hormones and risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: Lukanova Annekatrin , Lundin Eva , Akhmedkhanov Arslan , Micheli Andrea , Rinaldi Sabina , Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne , Lenner Per , Muti Paola , Biessy Carine , Krogh Vittorio , Berrino Franco , Hallmans Göran , Riboli Elio , Kaaks Rudolf , Toniolo Paolo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractExperimental and epidemiological evidence supports a role for sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. We investigated the association between ovarian cancer risk and pre‐diagnostic blood concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, DHEAS, estrone and SHBG. A case–control study nested within 3 cohorts, in New York (USA), Umeå (Sweden) and Milan (Italy), included 132 subjects with primary invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. For each case subject, 2 controls were selected who matched a case on cohort, menopausal status, age and date of recruitment and, if premenopausal, day of the menstrual cycle at blood donation. Only women who did not use exogenous hormones at blood donation were included in the study. Conditional logistic regression was used to relate cancer risk to sex steroid hormone concentrations with adjustment for potential confounders. No clear association was observed between ovarian cancer risk and any of the 5 hormones under study. In the premenopausal group, the risk appeared to increase with increasing blood concentrations of androstenedione (upper vs. lower tertile OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 0.81–6.82.), but the small number of subjects in the sub‐group precluded reaching unambiguous conclusions about such association. Our study does not support previous observations relating elevations in blood levels of the major sex steroid hormones to an increased risk of ovarian cancer, but offers some evidence that elevated circulating androstenedione before menopause may be associated with increased ovarian cancer risk. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of liposomal fenretinide targeted to human neuroblastoma
Authors: Raffaghello Lizzia , Pagnan Gabriella , Pastorino Fabio , Cosimo Emilio , Brignole Chiara , Marimpietri Danilo , Montaldo Paolo G. , Gambini Claudia , Allen Theresa M. , Bogenmann Emil , Ponzoni Mirco 
Published: February 2003

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. In advanced disease stages, prognosis is poor and treatments have limited efficacy, thus novel strategies are warranted. The synthetic retinoid Fenretinide (HPR) induces apoptosis in NB and melanoma cell lines. We reported an in vitro potentiation of HPR effects on melanoma cells when the drug is incorporated into GD2‐targeted immunoliposomes (anti‐GD2‐SIL‐HPR). We investigated the antitumor activity of anti‐GD2‐SIL‐HPR against NB cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Anti‐GD2‐SIL showed specific, competitive binding to and uptake by, various NB cell lines. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies, NB cells, incubated with 30 μM HPR entrapped in anti‐GD2‐immunoliposomes, showed a significant reduction in cellular growth compared to free HPR, HPR entrapped in Ab‐free liposomes or anti‐GD2 empty liposomes. In an in vivo NB metastatic model, we demonstrated that anti‐GD2‐SIL‐HPR completely inhibited the development of macroscopic and microscopic metastases in comparison to controls. Similar, but significantly less potent, antitumor effect was observed also in mice treated with anti‐GD2 immunoliposomes without HPR (anti‐GD2‐SIL‐blank) or anti‐GD2 MAb alone (p = 0.0297 and p = 0.0294, respectively, vs. anti‐GD2‐SIL‐HPR). Moreover, our results clearly demonstrated that although anti‐GD2 MAb had a strong antitumor effect in this in vivo NB model, 100% curability was obtained only after treatment with anti‐GD2‐SIL‐HPR (p < 0.0001). Anti‐GD2 liposomal HPR should receive clinical evaluation as adjuvant therapy of neuroblastoma. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiation stimulates HGF receptor/c‐Met expression that leads to amplifying cellular response to HGF stimulation via upregulated receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and MAP kinase activity in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Qian Li‐Wu , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Inadome Naoki , Nagai Eishi , Sato Norihiro , Matsumoto Kunio , Nakamura Toshikazu , Tanaka Masao 
Published: February 2003

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a stromal‐derived cytokine that plays a crucial role in invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through the interaction with HGF receptor, c‐Met, which is frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The present study was designed to investigate the change in HGF receptor and HGF‐mediated signaling after irradiation in pancreatic cancer cells. Six cell lines from human pancreatic cancer were included in the study. Gamma‐radiation was used for irradiation treatment. The changes in expression levels of c‐Met were evaluated by immunoblot and confirmed morphologically by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Whether the resultant alteration in c‐Met would cascade as biologically usable signals upon HGF ligation was traced by receptor tyrosine phosphorylation analysis and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP kinase or MAPK) activity assay. The various biological responses to HGF (including cell proliferation, cell scattering, migration and invasion) were evaluated as well. We also used a 4‐kringle antagonist of HGF, NK4, to block the HGF/c‐Met signaling pathway. Both immunoblot and immunofluorescent analysis showed moderate increased expression of c‐Met in 3 of 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines after irradiation. The actions seemed to be dose‐responsible, which began at 3 hr and reached its peak value at 24 hr following irradiation. The radiation‐increased expression of c‐Met could transform into magnifying receptor tyrosine phosphorylation reaction and MAP kinase activity once the ligand was added, fairly corresponding with alteration in the receptor. Sequentially, the cellular responses to HGF, including scattering and invasion but not proliferation, were enhanced. Also, in the presence of HGF, the elevated receptor could help to recover the radiation‐compromised cell migration. A recombinant HGF antagonist, NK4 could effectively block these aberrant effects activated by irradiation both in molecular and cellular levels, thus suggesting the deep involvement of the c‐Met/HGF pathway in the enhanced malignant potential after irradiation. These results suggest that radiation may promote HGF‐induced malignant biological behaviors of certain pancreatic cancer cells through the up‐regulated HGF/c‐Met signal pathway. Selectively targeted blockade of the HGF/c‐Met pathway could help to abolish the enforced malignant behavior of tumor cells by irradiation and therefore may improve the efficacy of radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Susceptibility of multidrug resistance tumor cells to apoptosis induction by histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Castro‐Galache Maria D. , Ferragut Jose A. , Barbera Victor M. , Martín‐Orozco Elena , Gonzalez‐Ros Jose M. , Garcia‐Morales Pilar , Saceda Miguel 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe main goal of our study has been to analyze the efficiency of new anticancer drugs, specifically histone deacetylase inhibitors, in tumor cells bearing a multidrug resistance phenotype. We report that the histone deacetylase inhibitors, Trichostatin A and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA), dramatically reduce cell viability and promote apoptosis in different drug‐resistant cells, affecting in a much lesser extent to their parental drug‐sensitive counterparts. The differential effects induced by Trichostatin A and SAHA between drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant cells are reflected on the main characteristics of the resistant phenotype. Thus, reverse transcription‐PCR and Western immunoblots confirm that both histone deacetylase inhibitors promote endogenous down‐regulation of P‐glycoprotein, which is overexpressed in the drug‐resistant cells. Transfection of drug‐sensitive cells with the P‐glycoprotein cDNA ruled out the a priori possible association between apoptosis and down‐regulation of P‐glycoprotein induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitors. The results suggest a therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the treatment of cancers with acquired resistance. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the free β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in renal cell carcinoma: Prognostic study on tissue and serum
Authors: Hotakainen Kristina , Ljungberg Börge , Haglund Caj , Nordling Stig , Paju Annukka , Stenman Ulf‐Hakan 
Published: February 2003

AbstractExpression of the free β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) in malignant tumors is frequently associated with aggressive disease. We have shown previously that the pretreatment serum concentration of hCGβ is an independent prognostic variable in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We now compare the serum levels with the expression of hCGβ antigen and mRNA in tumor tissue and studied whether these are associated with the clinical outcome. Serum samples were collected before surgery from patients with RCC (n = 256) and from 84 apparently healthy controls. HCGβ in serum was measured by a time‐resolved immunofluorometric assay. Tissue expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray (TMA) comprising 229 samples, and in selected cases by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of hCGβ mRNA (n = 20) from tumor tissue. The prognostic value of hCGβ in serum and tissue and the association with usual clinicopathological variables was analyzed by the Kaplan‐Meier method, the log‐rank test, Cox multiple hazard regression, Mann‐Whitney U‐test or Kruskal‐Wallis test. The serum concentrations of hCGβ were increased in 27% of the RCC patients and patients with increased hCGβ levels had significantly shorter survival time than those with levels below the median (cut‐off 1.2 pmol l−1, p = 0.0044). HCGβ antigen was detected in 15% (35 of 229) of the tumors by immunohistochemistry, and hCGβ mRNA in 8 of 20 samples (40%) by RT‐PCR. Tissue positivity for hCGβ antigen was not associated significantly with mRNA expression, serum concentrations of hCGβ or survival. In multivariate analysis tumor stage, grade, size and serum hCGβ were independent prognostic variables. The serum concentration of hCGβ is an independent prognostic variable in RCC. Tissue expression of hCGβ detected by immunohistochemistry occurs in 15% of RCCs but it is not significantly associated with prognosis. Expression at the mRNA level seems to be associated with other predictors of adverse outcome. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical information from the source function
Authors: Gatti Carlo , Cargnoni Fausto , Bertini Luca 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe source function, which enables one to equate the value of the electron density at any point within a molecule to a sum of atomic contributions, has been applied to a number of cases. The source function is a model‐independent, quantitative measure of the relative importance of an atom's or group's contribution to the density at any point in a system, and it represents a potentially interesting tool to provide chemical information. It is shown that the source contribution from H to the electron density ρbat the bond critical point in HX diatomics decreases with increasing X's electronegativity, and that this decrease is a result of significant changes in the Laplacian distribution within the H‐basin. It is also demonstrated that the source function from Li to ρbin LiX diatomics is a more sensitive index of atomic transferability than it is the lithium atomic energy or population. The observed changes are such as to ensure a constant percentage source contribution from Li to ρbthroughout the LiX series, rather than a constant source as one would expect in the limit of perfect atomic transferability. Application of the source function to planar lithium clusters has revealed that the source function clearly discriminates between a nonnuclear electron density maximum and a maximum associated to a nucleus, on the basis of the relative weight of the source contributions from the basin associated to the maximum and from the remaining basins in the cluster. The source function has also allowed for a classification of hydrogen bonds in terms of characteristic source contributions to the density at the H‐bond critical point from the H involved in the H‐bond, the H‐donor D, and the H‐acceptor A. The source contribution from the H appears as the most distinctive marker of the H‐bond strength, being highly negative for isolated H‐bonds, slightly negative for polarized assisted H‐bonds, close to zero for resonance‐assisted H‐bonds, and largely positive for charge‐assisted H‐bonds. The contributions from atoms other than H, D, and A strongly increase with decreasing H‐bond strength, consistently with the parallel increased electrostatic character of the interaction. The correspondence between the classification provided by the Electron Localization Function topologic approach and by the source function has been highlighted. It is concluded that the source function represents a practical tool to disclose the local and nonlocal character of the electron density distributions and to quantify such a locality and nonlocality in terms of a physically sound and appealing chemical partitioning. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 422–436, 2003
Electrostatic potentials and covalent radii
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. , Lane Pat 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe begin with a brief overview of the electrostatic potentialV(r) as a fundamental determinant of the properties of systems of electrons and nuclei. The minimum ofV(r) along the internuclear axis between two bonded atoms is a natural and physically meaningful boundary point, at which the electrostatic forces of the two nuclei upon an element of charge exactly cancel. We propose that the distances from nuclei toV(r) bond minima provide the basis for a well‐defined set of covalent radii. Density functional calculations at the B3PW91/6‐311+G** level were carried out for 59 molecules to locate theV(r) minima in 95 bonds and use these as the basis for determining single‐ and multiple‐bond covalent radii for eight first‐ and second‐row atoms plus hydrogen. It was found to be unrealistic to assign a single covalent radius to each atom; different values are needed for bonds to first‐ and second‐row atoms, as well as to hydrogen. Using these results, we are able to predict the bond lengths of 33 single and multiple bonds with average errors of less than 0.04 Å relative to experimental data. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 505–511, 2003
Pasteurella multocida tenosynovitis of the hand: Sonographic findings
Authors: Triana Montserrat García , Echevarria María Antonia Fernández , Alvaro Rosa Landeras , Sagredo Pablo Sadaba , Blanco Jose Antonio Parra 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPasteurella multocida is a common cause of infection in humans subsequent to bites or scratches by dogs and, particularly, cats. This infection usually results in superficial skin and soft tissue infections. Sonography can be used for diagnosing inflammatory conditions affecting tendons, including acute and chronic tenosynovitis. P. multocida teno‐ synovitis is rare, and the diagnosis can be missed if adequate tests are not performed. We report 2 cases of P. multocida tenosynovitis of the hand and wrist in which sonography played a valuable role in assessing the affected tissues and guiding fine‐needle aspiration of fluid accumulations in the involved tendon sheaths. The diagnosis was confirmed microbiologically in each case. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:159–162, 2003