bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐centrosymmetric molybdates CsLiMoO4 and CsLiMoO4·⅓H2O: crystal growth, polymorphism, efficient Stokes and anti‐Stokes generation and cascaded self‐frequency [χ(3)(SRS) → χ(2)(SFM)] conversion effects
Authors: Becker P. , Bohatý L. , Fröhlich R. , Eichler H. J. , Ueda K. , Takaichi K. , Hanuza J. , Maczka M. , Rhee H. , Kaminskii A. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNew nonlinear‐laser properties of the non‐centrosymmetric cubic crystals CsLiMoO4 and CsLiMoO4 ·⅓H2O were studied by stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy (SRS). Multiple Stokes and anti‐Stokes generation sidebands in the visible and near‐IR under picosecond laser pumping have been observed for the first time. All recorded Raman induced lasing components were identified and attribute to two of the SRS‐promoting A1(ν1)‐stretching (ωSRS1 ≈ 925 cm–1) and E(ν2)‐bending (ωSRS2 ≈ 310 cm–1) vibration modes of the $ {\rm MoO_4^{-2} } $ units of the crystals. The estimation measurement of the steady‐state Raman gain coefficients in the near‐IR region for both first Stokes generations in the CsLiMoO4·⅓H2O crystal showed that they are not less than 3.1 cm · GW–1. Besides of high‐order Stokes and anti‐Stokes lasing in this hydrated molybdate cascaded χ(3) → χ(2) sum‐frequency mixing interaction was observed under one‐micron pumping. Large single crystals of optical quality of both compounds were grown and characterized with respect to their structure and structural stability. Ferroic phase transitions, that occur in CsLiMoO4 are suppressed in the novel compound CsLiMoO4·⅓H2O. We classify these molybdates as attractive SRS‐active crystalline materials. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ionic conductivity in PEO‐KOH polymer electrolytes and electrochemical cell performance
Authors: Hassan M. F. , Arof A. K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPolyethylene oxide (PEO) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) alkaline solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by the solution cast technique. The PEO:KOH wt% ratio in the alkaline solid polymer electrolyte system which exhibits the highest room temperature conductivity is 60:40. The conductivity was 3.10 × 10–5 S cm–1. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the characteristics of the PEO polymer electrolyte films. The Rice and Roth model was used to evaluate the number density of charge carriers. Knowing the number density of charge carriers enabled the mobility and diffusion coefficient to be calculated. An all solid‐state Ni(OH)2/MH rechargeable metal hydride cell has been fabricated using the highest conducting PEO‐KOH alkaline solid polymer electrolyte. The cell was charged at a constant current of 2 mA and discharged at 0.5 mA. The discharge characteristics improved upon cycling and the plateau voltage maintained above 1.3 V for more than 2 hours during the 16th cycle. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrals for fully correlated Gaussians in relative coordinates
Authors: Harris Frank E. , Monkhorst Hendrik J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article considers the integrals needed in energy computations on Coulombic systems using many‐particle basis functions that are products of Gaussians in all the relative coordinates rij. The formulas presented are applicable to systems with arbitrary numbers of particles and with wave functions containing arbitrary nonnegative powers of all the r. Recursive procedures for evaluating the integrals are also given, and graph‐theoretic representations are provided for multinomials entering the formulation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Correlation and spin polarization in quantum dots: Local spin density functional theory revisited
Authors: Borgh M. , Toreblad M. , Koskinen M. , Manninen M. , Åberg S. , Reimann S. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractUsing quantum dot artificial atoms as a simple toy model, we reflect on the question of whether spin density functional theory (SDFT) can accurately describe correlation effects in low‐dimensional fermion systems. Different expressions for the local density approximation of the exchange‐correlation energy for the two‐dimensional electron gas, such as the much‐used functional of Tanatar and Ceperley, and the recent suggestion by Attaccalite et al., are compared with the results of a numerical diagonalization of the many‐body Hamiltonian matrix in the limit of small electron numbers. For systems with degeneracies, as shown in the present work for the example of a spin triplet with S = 1, the direct comparison with configuration interaction (CI) methods demonstrates that the spin representation of SDFT may, under certain circumstances, produce artificial energy splittings between states that belong to the same spin multiplet. For a singlet ground state with S = Sz = 0, however, the correlation functions of the CI solutions confirm the spin‐density wave states found earlier within the SDFT method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Modular chemical geometry and symbolic calculation
Authors: Barnett Michael P. , Capitani Joseph F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe discuss (a) the construction of formulas for the puckering of 4 and 5 atom rings from simple geometrical principles; (b) the application of these formulas to the study of cyclobutanes and heterocyclic analogues; (c) the way the derivations are represented (i.e., the style facilitates symbolic calculations for many more chemical topics; (d) interfacing the Gaussian package and Mathematica; and (e) some representations of molecular properties in Mathematica and algorithmic operations on these. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The effect of provider‐level ascertainment bias on profiling nursing homes
Authors: Roy Jason , Mor Vincent 
Published: September 2005

AbstractProfiling health care providers for the purpose of public reporting and quality improvement has become commonplace. Recently, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began publishing measures of quality for every Medicare/Medicaid‐certified nursing home in the country. The facility‐specific quality indicators (QIs) reported by CMS are based on quarterly measures from the minimum data set (MDS). However, some QIs from the MDS are potentially subject to ascertainment bias. Ascertainment bias would occur if there was variation in the way items that make up QIs are measured by nurses from each facility. This is potentially a problem for difficult‐to‐measure items such as pain and pressure ulcers. To assess the impact of ascertainment bias on profiling, we utilize data from a reliability study of nursing homes from six states. We develop methods for profiling providers in situations where the data consist of a response variable for each subject based on assessments from an internal rater, and, for a subset of subjects in each facility, a response variable based on assessments from an independent (external) rater. The internal assessments are potentially subject to provider‐level ascertainment bias, whereas the independent assessments are considered the ‘gold standard’. Our methods extend popular Bayesian approaches for profiling by using the paired observations from the subset of subjects with error‐prone and error‐free assessments to adjust for ascertainment bias. We apply the methods to MDS merged with the reliability data, and compare the bias‐corrected profiles with those of standard approaches. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minmax designs for planning the second phase in a two‐phase case–control study
Authors: Schill W. , Wild P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo‐phase designs, in which a subsample with validation or complete information data is sampled stratified both on outcome and covariate from a first‐phase study with incomplete data, have been proposed over 10 years ago and have been proven to result in efficient estimates with respect to standard designs. The efficiency depends, however, on the sampling fractions within each stratum. Our aim is to present a strategy for obtaining an optimized design, i.e. sampling fractions, that makes use of available phase‐one data of an existing case–control study considered as the first‐phase sample when the focus is on estimating a parameter vector. No global optimal design exists and local optimal designs depend on scenarios comprising the true disease model and the association between the phase‐one and phase‐two information. We develop an admissibility test that rejects scenarios inconsistent with the phase‐one data and, for the selected scenarios, determine a minmax D‐ or A‐optimal design that protects against worst‐case scenarios. This work is applied on two examples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dirichlet form approach to infinite-dimensional Wiener processes with singular interactions
Authors: Osada Hirofumi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe construct infinite-dimensional Wiener processes with interactions by constructing specific quasi-regular Dirichlet forms. Our assumptions are very mild; accordingly, our results can be applied to singular interactions such as hard core potentials, Lennard-Jones type potentials, and Dyson's model. We construct nonequilibrium dynamics.
Plasma Fibrinogen Level: an Independent Risk Factor for Long‐term Survival in Chinese Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease?
Authors: Cheuk Bernice L.Y. , Cheung Grace C.Y. , Lau Silvana S.F. , Cheng Stephen W.K. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFibrinogen, an inflammatory marker as well as a fundamental part of the coagulation cascade, is suggested to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and complications of atherothrombotic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine if plasma fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for long‐term survival in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Altogether, 139 Chinese patients (88 men, 51 women) with PAD were consecutively recruited for the study. Atherothrombotic risk factors and fibrinogen levels were determined at presentation, and all patients were followed up for mortality prospectively. The mean follow‐up was 6 years. All variables were first correlated with survival rates using Kaplan‐Meier analysis and compared by means of the log‐rank test. Significant risk factors were identified, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent contribution of the fibrinogen level to the risk of mortality. During follow‐up, 95 patients (68.3%) died. The overall survival rate was 77.7% at 3 years, 56.8% at 5 years, and 31.2% at 10 years (standard errors 0.05, 0.06, and 0.07, respectively). All‐cause mortality rate increased with an elevated fibrinogen level. Eighty percent of patients with a fibrinogen level > 3.4 g/L had a survival time of less than 3 years (p = 0.002). This relation was also demonstrated within patients with critical ischemia. The plasma fibrinogen level was thus identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in PAD patients after adjusting for confounding factors.
Consequences of refuge for the functional response ofDermestes ater(Coleoptera: Dermestidae) toMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Menezes Luciana C. C. R. , Rossi Marcelo N. , Reigada Carolina 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIt is well known that a predator has the potential to regulate a prey population only if the predator responds to increases in prey density and inflicts greater mortality rates. Predators may cause such density‐dependent mortality depending on the nature of the functional and numerical responses. Yet, few studies have examined the relationship between the addition of refuges and the characteristic of functional response fits. We investigated whether addition of a refuge changed the type of functional response exhibited byDermestes ateronMusca domestica, comparing the inherent ability ofD. aterto kill houseflies in the absence and in the presence of refuge. An additional laboratory experiment was also carried out to assess handling and searching times exhibited byD. ater. Logistic regression analyses revealed a type III functional response for predator–prey interaction without refuge, and results were described by the random predator equation. The mean number of prey killed did not differ between experimental habitats, indicating that the addition of refuge did not inhibit predation. However, predators that interacted with prey without refuge spent less time searching for prey at higher densities, increasing predatory interaction. We concluded that this interaction may be weak, because data from experiments with refuge fitted poorly to models. However, the high variability and the nonsignificance of the data from the experiment with refuge show the importance of refuge for promoting spatial heterogeneity, which may prevent prey extinction.
Acetylcholine‐induced endothelium‐dependent contractions in the SHR aorta: the Janus face of prostacyclin
Authors: Gluais Pascale , Lonchampt Michel , Morrow Jason D , Vanhoutte Paul M , Feletou Michel 
Published: September 2005

In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and aging Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY), acetylcholine releases an endothelium‐derived contracting factor (EDCF) produced by endothelial cyclooxygenase‐1, which stimulates thromboxane A2 receptors (TP receptors) on vascular smooth muscle. The purpose of the present study was to identify this EDCF by measuring changes in isometric tension and the release of various prostaglandins by acetylcholine.
In isolated aortic rings of SHR, U 46619, prostaglandin (PG) H2, PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, prostacyclin (PGI2) and 8‐isoprostane, all activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle to produce a contraction (U 46619≫8‐isoprostane=PGF2α=PGH2>PGE2=PGD2>PGI2). The contractions produced by PGH2 and PGI2 were fast and transient, mimicking endothelium‐dependent contractions. PGI2 did not relax isolated aortic rings of WKY and SHR.
Acetylcholine evoked the endothelium‐dependent release of thromboxane A2, PGF2α, PGE2, PGI2 and most likely PGH2 (PGI2≫PGF2αPGE2>TXA2>8‐isoprostane, PGD2). Dazoxiben abolished the production of thromboxane A2, but did not influence the endothelium‐dependent contractions to acetylcholine.
The release of PGI2 was significantly larger in the aorta of SHR than in WKY, and the former was more sensitive to the contractile effect of PGI2 than the latter. The inhibition of PGI‐synthase was associated with an increase in PGH2 spillover and the enhancement of acetylcholine‐induced endothelium‐dependent contractions.
Thus, in the aorta of SHR and aging WKY, the endothelium‐dependent contractions elicited by acetylcholine most likely involve the release of PGI2 with a concomitant contribution of PGH2.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 834–845. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706390
Anandamide reduces infarct size in rat isolated hearts subjected to ischaemia–reperfusion by a novel cannabinoid mechanism
Authors: Underdown Nichola J , Hiley C Robin , Ford William R 
Published: September 2005

Although the endocannabinoids 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and anandamide share a similar pharmacology, 2‐AG reportedly limits myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury whereas anandamide does not. We therefore investigated whether or not anandamide reduces infarct size and which, if any, of the known cannabinoid‐signalling pathways are involved.
Rat isolated perfused hearts were subjected to global, no‐flow ischaemia (30 min) and reperfusion (1 h). Agonists were present from 5 min before ischaemia until the end of reperfusion. Antagonists, where used, were present throughout the protocol. Recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and coronary flow was incomplete in control hearts and not significantly affected by any drug treatment.
In vehicle‐treated hearts, 26±3% (n=13) of the left ventricle was infarcted at the end of reperfusion. Infarction of the left ventricle was significantly reduced after 1 μM anandamide (10±1%, n=7) or 1 μM methanandamide (12±4%, n=6) but not 1 μM HU210. Neither ACPA (1 μM; CB1 receptor agonist) nor JWH133 (1 μM; CB2 receptor agonist), individually or combined significantly affected infarct size.
Anandamide (1 μM) did not reduce infarct size in the presence of the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716A, 1 μM) or the CB2 receptor antagonist, SR144528 (1 μM).
Despite sensitivity to CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists, the infarct‐limiting action of anandamide was not mimicked by agonists selective for CB1 or CB2 receptors suggesting the involvement of a novel cannabinoid site of action.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 809–816. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706391
Transformation of potato using an antisense class I patatin gene and its effect on microtuber formation
Authors: Huai-Jun Si , Jun Liu , Cong-Hua Xie 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn antisense class I patatin gene under control of the CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar E-potato 3 using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens system. PCR amplification and PCR–Southern blot analysis indicated that the antisense class I patatin gene had been integrated into the potato genome. Northern hybridization analysis showed that the antisense gene transcribed normally in the transgenic potato plants and resulted in a reduction of endogenous class I patatin mRNA. Total soluble protein content and lipid acyl hydrolase activity of microtubers, derived from transformed plants, decreased by a maximum of 36.4% and 31.4%, respectively, compared with control plants. The expression of this antisense gene also resulted in reductions of the plantlets forming tubers, tubers per plantlet and the effective tubers (≥50 mg) of the transformed plants.
Assessment ofMagnaporthe griseamating type by PCR
Authors: Bao-Hua Wang , Guo-Dong Lu , Hai-Ming Li , Yan Lin , Zong-Hua Wang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAnalysis of mating type can provide an evaluation of the population genetic diversity of the rice blast fungus,Magnaporthe grisea. According to the sequences ofMAT1-1andMAT1-2genes of the fungus, two pairs of PCR primers specific to theMAT1-1andMAT1-2alleles were designed, and the PCR thermal profile was also optimized. To confirm its application in mating type assessment, 10 tester isolates were tested by PCR. The PCR amplification pattern of these tester isolates corresponded to their known mating type. Furthermore, 150 rice-field isolates from Fujian Province were mated with tester isolates GUY11 and KA3 side by side and also tested by PCR. Results showed that 95.1% of 123 fertile isolates were the same in mating type as determined by both PCR-amplified allele-specific fragments and mating with GUY11/KA3. Among 27 sterile isolates determined by GUY11 and KA3, seven wereMAT1-1and 20 wereMAT1-2as determined by PCR. This study indicates that PCR is applicable in assessingM. griseamating type and especially is capable of predicting the potential mating type of sterile isolates in the natural population of the fungus.
Simultaneous detection of bovine- and sheep-derived materials in feedstuffs by PCR
Authors: Wei-Gang Wen , Xiu-Ling Zhao , Shui-Shan He , Hua-Hong Du , Shao-Tang Huang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo control the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie, a method was developed for the simultaneous detection of bovine- and sheep-derived materials in feedstuffs. Chelex-100 was adopted for the fast extraction of animal genomic DNA. A pair of universal primers, designed on the basis of homology in sequences of bovine and sheep mtDNA, was used for PCR. This method is of great value to quarantine departments for its simplicity and rapid detection.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding a β-1,3-glucanase-like protein secreted from growing pollen tubes of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Authors: Yue-Gang Zhou , Norioka Naoko , Shao-Liang Li , Norioka Shigemi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA pollen cDNA library of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) from the family Rosaceae was constructed and a cDNA (bgn-1) of 1408 bp, which encodes a protein (BGN-1) secreted from growing pollen tubes, was cloned and sequenced. bgn-1 cDNA is composed of a 5′-untranslated region of 47 bp, an open reading frame of 1194 bp encoding 397 amino acid residues and a complete 3′-untranslated region of 167 bp. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of bgn-1 with that of barley (Hordeum vulgare) β-1,3-glucanase (GII) showed 39.7% amino acid identity. Several residues that were critical for the function of GII were conserved in the deduced BGN-1 polypeptide. Moreover, hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA) showed an overall HCA homology score of 87.1% and analysis of BGN-1 with the 3D-PSSM program predicted a three-dimensional structure of BGN-1 highly homologous to that of barley GII with ≥95% certainty. These results suggest that the cloned bgn-1 cDNA encodes a β-1,3-glucanase-like protein in Japanese pear. The predicted mature protein (375 amino acids) has a theoretical molecular mass of 40 723 Da, a basic pI of 9.59 and a diagnostic amino acid residue mode of D, L, S and L, which is very similar to that of growth-related subfamily D (D, L, S and Q) in cereals. A ProXXPro repeat is also found between positions 352 and 367 in the C-extension region.
Characterization of trait variations in progenies of Gossypium hirsutum transformed with the genomic DNA of Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Xiong-Ming Du , Zhao-E Pan , Jun-Ling Sun , Zhong-Li Zhou , Bao-Yin Pang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFour variant lines, HB1, HB2, HB3 and HB4, were derived from progenies of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivar Yumian 17 that had been transformed with genomic DNA from sea island cotton, Gossypium barbadense, using the pollen tube pathway (PTP) method. They showed significant differences from the wild-type recipient in terms of fibre quality, lint percentage, boll weight and other agronomic traits. The four variant lines also differed from the wild-type recipient in the amplification products of two SSR loci, indicating that the DNA of G. barbadense had been introduced into the genome of the recipient and was inherited stably. On the other hand, the agronomic traits of another three lines (HB5, HB6 and HB7) derived from the same transformation experiment were identical to those of the wild-type recipient, indicating that G. barbadense DNA had not integrated into the genome of these lines. A combination of the analyses on agronomic traits and SSR markers indicated that transgenic upland cotton strains produced by the PTP method could become homozygous in only a few generations and the foreign DNA introduced during the transformation experiments could be inherited stably in the transgenic progenies.
Improving biocontrol effect ofPseudomonas fluorescensP5 on plant diseases by genetic modification with chitinase gene
Authors: Xiao-Jing Xu , Li-Qun Zhang , You-Yong Zhu , Wen-Hua Tang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPseudomonas fluorescensP5 was isolated in Yunnan Province and proved to be an effective biocontrol agent of various soil-borne plant diseases. The aim of the study was to enhance the biocontrol effect of this strain by introducing a chitinase gene. A 6.5 kb DNA fragment containing the chitinase genechiBwas inserted into pDSK519 vector to construct a new plasmid, pDSK51965. This plasmid was introduced intoP. fluorescensP5 and resulted in a new strain named P5-1. Restriction enzyme digestion and chitin plate culture confirmed that P5-1 contained a functional chitinase gene. Compared with wild-type P5 in pot experiments, P5-1 had an increased effect against rice sheath blight and cotton damping-off caused byRhizoctonia solani. It also increased the effect on suppression of wheat take-all caused byGaeumannomyces graminisvar.tritici.