bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of recurrent chromosomal rearrangements and the unique relationship between low‐level amplification and translocation in gliablastoma
Authors: Kubota Hisashi , Nishizaki Takafumi , Harada Katsumi , Harada Kei , Oga Atsunori , Ito Haruhide , Suzuki Michiyasu , Sasaki Kohsuke 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo elucidate the structural abnormalities and the relationship between chromosome structural disorders and DNA copy number aberrations in tumor cells, we applied the techniques of spectral karyotyping (SKY), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) probes for nine human glioblastoma cell lines. One striking finding was that independently derived cell lines had the same recurrent marker chromosomes. Seven recurrent chromosomes were detected by these cytogenetic methods. In particular, cell lines U251, SNB‐19, and U373‐MG showed very similar karyotypes. It is also interesting that regions of DNA amplification were found translocated and/or inserted at a high rate (91.7%). In all, there were 12 amplified loci in five of the nine cell lines. These amplified chromosomal bands were scattered on the chromosomes, including the normal chromosome, with one exception (7q32‐qter in U373‐MG). FISH with YAC clones mapping to these chromosomal regions as DNA probes often showed DNA probe signals not only at original chromosomal sites but also in translocated or inserted segments. This form of DNA amplification was characterized by low‐level increases (four‐ to 10‐fold) and by translocation or insertion of the relevant chromosomal locus. These studies shed light on typical derivative chromosomes and the relationship between DNA amplification and chromosomal translocation in glioblastoma. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of tumorigenicity in the human prostate cancer cell line M12 via microcell‐mediated restoration of chromosome 19
Authors: Astbury Caroline , Jackson‐Cook Colleen K. , Culp Stephen H. , Paisley Thomas E. , Ware Joy L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPreviously we immortalized human, nontransformed prostate epithelial cells with SV40 large T‐antigen (SV40TAg) and derived increasingly aggressive sublines from the immortalized line. The progression of the tumorigenic sublines to metastatic capacity was accompanied by the formation of an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 16 and 19, resulting in loss of 19p and proximal 19q. To test whether the tumorigenic and/or metastatic phenotype was causally related to this genetic alteration, we restored a neo‐tagged human chromosome 19 to M12 cells by microcell‐mediated transfer and assessed their growth. In vitro, the resultant hybrids grew more slowly in monolayer culture and showed a significant reduction in anchorage‐independent growth as compared to M12neo controls. In vivo, all mice (13/13) injected subcutaneously (SC) with control M12neo cells developed tumors after 9–15 days. In contrast, 9/15 mice injected SC with microcell‐transferred chromosome 19 hybrid cells failed to form tumors, with 6/15 producing very small tumors after 120 days. Analysis of three of these six tumors showed consistent, new chromosomal changes. Furthermore, in one of the tumors, loss of a chromosome 19 was noted in 40% of the cells. After intraprostatic injections of the hybrid cells, only 2/7 mice developed microscopic tumors, with no metastases. These data suggest the presence of a gene or genes on chromosome 19 that function to suppress growth. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade: insolvency aspects
Authors: Bazinas Spiros V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBreaking new ground, the UN Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade refers all priority conflicts with respect to receivables to the law of single and easily determinable jurisdiction, and one that is most likely going to be the insolvency jurisdiction, namely to the law of the assignor's place of business or, in the case of places of business in more than one State, the assignor's central administration. In the case of an insolvency proceeding in another jurisdiction, the mandatory rules of that juridiction displace any priority rule of the law of the assignor's location only if that priority rule is manifestly contrary to the public policy of that jurisdiction. In such a case, the balance of the priority rules of the law of the assignor's location prevails over the priority rules of the insolvency jurisdiction with the exception of rules relating to preferential rights. In any case, the Convention ensures that priority rules do not interfere with basic insolvency rights, such as those relating to stays, avoidance actions and to the performance of contracts or maintenance of the estate. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Web information tracking using ontologies
Authors: Maedche Alexander 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBringing knowledge management to practice one typically has to focus on concrete problems that exist in the daily work of the knowledge worker. We consider the task of tracking relevant information on the Web as important and time consuming, and thus as a concrete problem. In this paper we introduce an integrated approach for Web information tracking using ontologies. The overall approach has been implemented within a case study carried out at DaimlerChrysler AG. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural language interface for multi‐agent contracting system (MACS)
Authors: Yoon Victoria , Montano Bonnie Rubenstein , Wilson Teresa , Lowry Stuart , Liebowitz Jay 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFacing serious imbalances in the skills and experience of our highly talented and specialized civilian workforce, the Naval Postgraduate School has initiated the External Acquisition Research Program (EARP) to promote advances in basic and applied research as related to US defense acquisition. One of the projects funded under EARP over a 2 year period is the Multi‐Agent Contracting System (MACS) project (Liebowitz et al., 2000. Journal of Knowledge‐Based Systems 13: 241–250). MACS was designed to provide advice in the pre‐award phase of a defense contract. The original version of MACS allowed users to query the system using a list of predetermined keywords from pull‐down menus. An exact string of keywords had to be used to obtain an answer from MACS, forcing the users to memorize a list of keywords. This inﬂexible user interface could have caused problems for those users who did not know the right keywords and, in turn, reduced the usability of MACS. The objective of this study is to extend the capability of MACS by allowing users to interface with the system using natural language. The natural language user interface will provide the users with more ﬂexibility in formulating queries on the pre‐award contracts, increasing the user friendliness of its interface. The paper presents the methods used to develop a natural language user interface for MACS. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adhesion of human U937 macrophages to phosphorylcholine‐coated surfaces
Authors: Gong Yong‐Kuan , Luo Li , Petit Alain , Zukor David J. , Huk Olga L. , Antoniou John , Winnik Françoise M. , Mwale Fackson 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new type of amphiphilic phosphorylcholine (PC) polymer was used in this work to develop a cell culture surface that allows the attachment of U937 macrophages. The PC polymer was a random copolymer of N‐isopropylacrylamide (45%), N‐(phosphorylcholine)‐N′‐(ethylenedioxy‐bis(ethyl)) acrylamide (41%), and the hydrophobic monomer N‐(n‐octadecyl) acrylamide (14%). Polypropylene (PP) films (1 cm2) were coated with the polymer solution by immersion. U937 macrophage suspensions were applied on PC polymer–coated surfaces and incubated for up to 72 h at 37°C. While U937 cells did not adhere to PP, ammonia, nitrogen, or oxygen plasma‐treated surfaces, they attached rapidly on PC‐coated surfaces (< 1 h), proliferated, and stayed attached to the modified surface for at least 72 h, suggesting that unique features of the PC polymer, and the U937 macrophages, are responsible for the attachment of these cells. We compared the effect of Co2+ and Cr3+ ions on the expression of bone‐resorbing cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β) in U937 macrophages cultured on PC‐coated surfaces to the response of U937 macrophages in suspension. Cytokine gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Addition of Co2+ and Cr3+ ions led to a significant increased expression of TNF‐α in both cultured and suspension cells. On the other hand, Co2+ and Cr3+ ions had a weak stimulatory effect or no effect on IL‐1β and IL‐6, respectively, in both cultured and suspension cells. In conclusion, the use of PC polymer–modified surfaces might offer promising new opportunities for the culture of human U937 cells and may also point to the mechanism by which macrophages interact with lipid bilayers of biological membranes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 1–9, 2005
The influence of microtextured basal lamina analog topography on keratinocyte function and epidermal organization
Authors: Downing Brett R. , Cornwell Kevin , Toner Mehmet , Pins George D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe rational design of future bioengineered skin substitutes requires an understanding of the mechanisms by which the three‐dimensional microarchitecture of tissue scaffolds modulates keratinocyte function. Microtextured basal lamina analogs were developed to investigate the relationship between the characteristic topography at the dermal–epidermal interface of native skin and keratinocyte function. Microfabrication techniques were used to create master patterns, negative replicates, and collagen membranes with ridges and channels of length scales (e.g., grooves of 50–200 μm in depth and width) similar to the invaginations found in basal lamina at the dermal–epidermal junction of native skin. Keratinocytes were seeded on the surfaces of basal lamina analogs, and histological analyses were performed after 7 days of tissue culture at the air–liquid interface. The keratinocytes formed a differentiated and stratified epidermis that conformed to the features of the microtextured membranes. Morphometric analyses of immunostained skin equivalents suggest that keratinocyte stratification and differentiation increases as channel depth increases and channel width decreases. This trend was most pronounced in channels with the highest depth‐to‐width ratios (i.e., 200 μm deep, 50 μm wide). It is anticipated that the findings from these studies will elucidate design parameters to enhance the performance of future bioengineered skin substitutes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 47–56, 2005
Differentiation and drug resistance relationships in leukemia cells
Authors: Camarasa Maria V. , Castro‐Galache Maria D. , Carrasco‐García Estefanía , Garcia‐Morales Pilar , Saceda Miguel , Ferragut Jose A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIt is well established that the effectiveness of anticancer drugs may result from combined cytotoxic and differentiation activities on tumor cells. Also, differentiating agents are able to alter the susceptibility of cancer cells to antineoplastic drug therapy. However, the acquisition and/or development of drug resistance that frequently appears in anticancer treatment can impair these interactions between differentiation agents and cytotoxic drugs. In the present study, we report that the acquisition of resistance to anthracyclines in two humans, promyeolocytic leukemia HL‐60 and eythroleukemia K562 cell lines, results in a restricted maturation process induced by differentiating agents with respect to that exhibited by their corresponding drug‐sensitive counterparts. Interestingly, differentiating agents are able to decrease the overexpression of drug‐efflux pumps as it is the case of MRP1 in the resistant HL‐60 cells, thus increasing the sensitivity of cells to drug treatment. In addition, susceptibility of the drug‐sensitive cells to certain apoptotic stimuli is significantly reduced after differentiation. The results here reported indicate complex interactions between cytotoxic (drug therapy) and non‐cytotoxic (differentiation) cancer treatments, which should be taken into account to improve therapeutic efficiency. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTEN expression elicited by EGR‐1 transcription factor in calyculin A‐induced apoptotic cells
Authors: Okamura Hirohiko , Yoshida Kaya , Morimoto Hiroyuki , Haneji Tatsuji 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPTEN is a tumor suppressor gene encoding a phosphatase that negatively regulates cell survival mediated by the PI3‐kinase‐Akt pathway. The gene for transcription factor EGR‐1 is an early response gene essential for cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Protein phosphatase inhibitors including calyculin A and okadaic acid are potent inducers of apoptosis in several cell lines; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their action are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of PTEN and EGR‐1 and the phosphorylation status of EGR‐1 and Akt in calyculin A‐treated human squamous carcinoma cells (SCCTF). Phosphorylation of EGR‐1 and upregulation of PTEN expression were observed to occur in SCCTF cells treated with calyculin A in time‐ and dose‐dependent fashions. The level of phosphorylated Akt decreased as the expression of PTEN protein increased in the calyculin A‐treated SCCTF cells. Calyculin A‐stimulated expression of EGR‐1 and PTEN might be p53 independent, because the expression of them was also detected in p53‐null Saos‐2 cells. RNA interference using double‐stranded RNA specific for the EGR‐1 gene inhibited not only EGR‐1 expression but also PTEN expression in SCCTF cells treated or not with calyculin A. Calyculin A induced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation in SCCTF cells. The present results suggest that the level of PTEN expression and the phosphorylation status of Akt were associated with apoptosis induced by calyculin A. These observations also support the view that EGR‐1 regulates PTEN expression in the initial steps of the apoptotic pathway. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone marrow stromal cells express two distinct splice variants of ER‐α that are regulated by estrogen
Authors: Sanyal A. , Riggs B.L. , Spelsberg T.C. , Khosla S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEstrogen plays a critical role in bone metabolism in both sexes. While the major action of estrogen is to inhibit bone resorption, it is now clear that early osteoblastic (or stromal) cells are a target for estrogen action, mediating the effects of estrogen on bone formation as well as resorption. However, little is known about the expression or regulation of the estrogen receptor (ER)‐α in these cells. The expression of ER‐α is regulated by a complex set of promoters and ER‐α splice variants are present in different tissues. Thus, we sought to define the ER‐α splice variants and their regulation by estrogen in the mouse bone marrow stromal cell line, ST‐2, which can be induced to differentiate into mature osteoblasts. ST‐2 cells expressed the mRNAs and proteins for both the 66 and 46 kDa forms of ER‐α; the latter lacks the AF‐1 domain and can transduce estrogen signaling in some tissues, while serving as a dominant negative receptor in others. Using primers specific for each of the five 5′‐untranslated exons of ER‐α, we found that ST‐2 cells utilized only the promoters upstream of exons F and C (in contrast to most reproductive tissues, which utilize promoters upstream of virtually all the five exons). Moreover, 17β‐estradiol (10−8 M) treatment of ST‐2 cells markedly diminished levels of the 66 kDa as well as the 46 kDa ER‐α proteins, largely through suppression of the transcript arising from the F1 promoter. These data thus indicate that: (1) bone marrow stromal cells express at least two variants of ER‐α and (2) estrogen down regulates the ER‐α mRNA and protein in these cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High affinity leptin receptors are present in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from control and osteoporotic donors
Authors: Hess Rodrigo , Pino Ana María , Ríos Susana , Fernández Mireya , Rodríguez J. Pablo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThere are disparate observations on central and peripheral effects of leptin, but several studies consistently support its role as a link between fat and bone. Bone marrow stroma contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes, among others. In this study we assessed the expression of leptin receptors protein in MSCs from control and osteoporotic postmenopausal donors and their change during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Also, we assessed the effects of leptin on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of these cells. We demonstrated high affinity leptin binding (KD = 0.36 ± 0.02 nM) in both types of cells. Binding was very low under basal, but increased significantly (2–3 times) through osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Osteoporotic MSCs showed lower leptin binding capacity than control cells at an early osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation time, which could restrict cell sensitivity to the protective action of leptin. In this regard, we observed that leptin significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation in control but not in osteoporotic MSCs, while it exerted a low stimulatory effect on calcium deposition (10%–20%) in both types of MSCs cells. In summary, we report the presence of high affinity leptin receptors on control and osteoporotic MSCs, which were modified distinctly by osteogenic and adipogenic stimulation and a direct and distinct effect of leptin on both type of cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitive noninvasive marker for the diagnosis of probable bacterial or viral infection
Authors: Jortani Saeed A. , Pugia Michael J. , Elin Ronald J. , Thomas Meera , Womack Edward P. , Cast Todd , Valdes Roland 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUrinary trypsin inhibitor (uTi) is a product of elastase‐mediated degradation of interleukin‐α‐inhibitor (I‐α‐I). Its activity increases in the urine of patients with a malignancy, inflammation, or infection, or in late pregnancy. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of uTi in urine with that of serum quantitative C‐reactive protein (CRP) for diagnosing infection, as indicated by white cell response and clinical assessment. Ninety controls and 171 patients with various systemic infections were enrolled. We measured uTi enzymatically on a Cobas Fara (Roche Diagnostics). Patients were separated into bacterial, probable bacterial, viral, or probable viral groups based on the results of a complete blood count with differential (CBC), urinalysis (UA), and clinical assessment. In the bacterial (n=70) and control (n=90) groups, the uTi values (mean±SE) were 25.3±3.1 mg/L and 2.8±0.8 mg/L, respectively. uTi (at 2.7 mg/L) had a diagnostic sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 82% (AUC=0.889), whereas CRP (at a cutoff of 10 mg/L) had a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 96%, respectively (AUC=0.921). As a marker of infection (positive in both bacterial and viral groups), uTi had a sensitivity of 91% (AUC=0.884) vs. 89% (AUC=0.828) for CRP. Our data indicate that uTi has sufficient clinical sensitivity for screening systemic infections, and may have diagnostic value as a noninvasive test. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:289–295, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C in the United States is also applicable to a population of young Japanese women
Authors: Ihara Hiroshi , Shino Yoshio , Hashizume Naotaka 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for ascorbic acid (AA) in Canada and the United States has been set for several years at 75 mg/day for women 19–30 years old. Recently this level was questioned, and an increase to 90 mg/day was suggested. For Japanese women in the same age group, we found that the RDA for AA is currently 100 mg/day. Our goal was to determine which RDA is sufficient for maintaining a serum concentration of AA in young Japanese women above the lower reference limit of 7.0 mg/L. We measured serum AA concentrations by an ascorbate oxidase method in 176 healthy Japanese women (19–26 years old). We also performed an ROC analysis to estimate the optimal cutoff value for oral dosage to distinguish individuals with hypovitaminosis‐C (<7.0 mg/L) from those with a normal serum AA. We evaluated the Japanese RDA using the 75 or 90 mg/day U.S. RDA and the weight ratio between Japanese and U.S. women, and discovered that the RDA value ranged between 66 and 79 mg/day. From the ROC analysis, we found that the optimal daily dosage of AA is approximately 75 mg/day. This value gave the highest efficiency, sensitivity, negative predictive value, and positive likelihood ratio, and the lowest negative likelihood ratio. Therefore, an RDA of 100 mg/day may be unnecessarily high for young Japanese women. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 18:305–308, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased SFHR gene correction efficiency with sense single‐stranded DNA
Authors: Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Harashima Hideyoshi , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe correction of a mutated gene by the small fragment homologous replacement (SFHR) method is a highly attractive approach for gene therapy. However, the current SFHR method with a heat‐denatured double‐stranded PCR fragment yielded a low correction efficiency.MethodsSingle‐stranded (ss) DNA fragments were prepared from ss phagemid DNA and tested in a gene correction assay with an inactivated Hyg‐EGFP fusion gene, as a model target.ResultsA 606‐nt sense, ss DNA fragment dramatically (12‐fold) improved the gene correction efficiency, although the antisense strand showed only minimal correction efficiency.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the use of a sense, single‐stranded DNA fragment is useful in the SFHR method for the correction of mutated genes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FVIII gene delivery by muscle electroporation corrects murine hemophilia A
Authors: Long Yun Chau , Jaichandran S. , Ho Liam Pock , Tien Sim Leng , Tan Soo Yong , Kon Oi Lian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundHemophilia A treatment relies on costly factor VIII (FVIII) replacement that may transmit iatrogenic viral diseases. Viral vectors and cell implants are being developed as improvements. We investigated in vivo electroporation of naked DNA as a safe and simple method for correcting FVIII deficiency.MethodsB‐domain‐deleted murine FVIII cDNA expression plasmids were constructed with CMV and elongation factor 1α promoters for characterisation in murine C2C12 myoblasts. The construct conferring highest in vitro FVIII secretion was electroporated into skeletal muscle of FVII null mice in vivo for phenotypic correction using a protocol that minimised tissue injury.ResultsB‐domain‐deleted murine FVIII cDNA plasmids induced FVIII secretion from stably transfected C2C12 myoblasts (0.54 ± 0.20 mU/day/105 cells). Phenotypic correction of hemophilic mice was more consistently achieved using a protocol for in vivo electroporation of gastrocnemius muscle with FVIII cDNA that reduced tissue injury by the use of plate electrodes, hyaluronidase pre‐treatment and lower field strength. This technique was associated with <10% muscle necrosis. Activated partial thromboplastin time decreased from 51.4 ± 3.3 to 34.7 ± 1.1 (mean ± s.e.m.) seconds (p = 0.0004) following in vivo electroporation (0.1 mg plasmid/limb; 8 × 20 ms pulses, 175 V/cm, 1 Hz) of hemophilic mice. All hemophilic mice (8/8) survived hemostatic challenge after muscle electroporation with FVIII cDNA, whereas all (9/9) untreated hemophilic mice died. Plasmid DNA was detectable only in electroporated muscle and not in all other organs tested, including gonads.ConclusionIn vivo intramuscular electroporation of naked FVIII plasmid successfully corrects murine hemophilia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.