bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of etodolac for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip joints in dogs
Authors: Budsberg S. C. , Johnston S. A. , Schwarz P. D. , DeCamp C. E. , Claxton R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess the efficacy of etodolac in improving hind limb function in dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joint.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
100 client-owned dogs with clinical signs of osteoarthritis of the hip joint.

Procedure
Baseline ground reaction forces and subjective assessment scores were collected twice at a 7- to 10-day interval. After meeting entrance criteria, dogs were randomly assigned to the following 3 treatment groups: control group (0 mg of etodolac), low-dosage group (135 mg of etodolac), or high-dosage group (450 mg of etodolac). Dogs were treated once daily for 8 days, and gait analysis was repeated on day 8.

Results
On day 8 of treatment, vertical impulse and vertical peak force values for low- and high-dosage groups were significantly greater than baseline values within each group. On day 8, vertical impulse values from the high-dosage group were significantly greater than values from the low-dosage group. Vertical peak forces for the low- and high-dosage groups were significantly greater at 8 days than that of the control group. Analysis of the effect of evaluation center (site) on treatment outcome did not reveal a significant effect.

Clinical Implications
Etodolac administration for 8 days improved ground reaction forces in dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joint. Improvement in force transmission was dosage dependent for the primary outcome measurement (vertical impulse). Results of the study indicate that etodolac is well tolerated by dogs, with minimal adverse effects during an 8-day treatment period. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:206–210)
Evaluation of serologic and viral detection methods for diagnosing feline herpesvirus-1 infection in cats with acute respiratory tract or chronic ocular disease
Authors: Maggs David J. , Lappin Michael R. , Reif John S. , Collins James K. , Carman Jane , Dawson Denise A. , Bruns Christa 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the value of virus isolation (VI), immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay, serum neutralization (SN), and ELISA for the diagnosis of clinical feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection in cats.

Animals
46 clinically normal cats, 17 cats with signs of acute respiratory tract disease, and 38 cats with signs of chronic ocular disease.

Procedure
Conjunctival swabs for VI, conjunctival scrapings for IFA testing, and venous blood samples for SN or ELISA testing were obtained from all cats.

Results
FHV-1 was detected in 10.9 and 28.3% of clinically normal cats and in 18.2 and 33.3% of cats with FHV-1-associated disease by VI and the IFA assay, respectively. There were no significant differences in the viral detection rate between cats with acute respiratory tract disease and cats with chronic ocular disease or between diseased cats and clinically normal cats; however, FHV-1 was never detected by both methods in clinically normal cats. Overall FHV-1 seroprevalence was 97% when tested by ELISA and 66% when tested by SN. Seroprevalence did not vary significantly among the 3 groups for either serologic test. Magnitude of SN and ELISA titers varied greatly but independently of presence or absence of clinical signs of FHV-1-associated disease. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were assessed for VI and the IFA assay—jointly and individually—and for each SN and ELISA titer magnitude. Values never all exceeded 50%.

Clinical Implications
Because FHV-1 can be detected commonly in clinically normal cats by the IFA assay or VI, neither test appears to aid in the clinical diagnosis of FHV-1 infection. Seroprevalence does not appear to vary between affected and clinically normal cats. SN, ELISA, VI, and the IFA assay appear to be of limited value in the diagnosis of FHV-1-associated disease in cats. Concurrent assessment of the IFA assay and VI results may permit exclusion of FHV-1 as an etiologic agent if results of both tests are negative. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:502–507)
Clinical features of inflammatory liver disease in cats: 41 cases (1983–1993)
Authors: Gagne Josanne M. , Armstrong P. Jane , Weiss Douglas J. , Lund Elizabeth M. , Feeney Daniel A. , King Vickie L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare the clinical and clinicopathologic findings in and prognosis for cats with lymphocytic portal hepatitis (LPH) versus cats with acute or chronic cholangiohepatitis (CH).

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
25 cats with LPH; 16 cats with CH (7 acute, 9 chronic).

Procedure
Cats with LPH and CH were selected by evaluating records from liver biopsy specimens submitted to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital during a 10-year period. Clinical and clinicopathologic data were retrieved.

Results
Cats with CH had higher segmented and band neutrophil counts, alanine aminotransferase activities, and total bilirubin concentrations than did cats with LPH. Cats with acute CH had higher segmented and band neutrophil counts and lower serum alkaline phosphatase activities and total bilirubin concentrations than did cats with chronic CH. Twelve of 14 cats with LPH or CH had coarse or nodular texture to the liver on ultrasonography, with loss of portal vein wall clarity noticed in 4 of 8 cats with LPH. Sixteen of 23 cats with LPH and 8 of 15 cats with CH survived > 1 year. Of those cats living < 1 year, all cats with LPH and 5 of 7 cats with CH had a serious concurrent illness that may have been responsible for their deaths.

Clinical Implications
LPH and CH can be detected and tentatively differentiated through evaluation of clinical laboratory test results, but histologic evaluation of liver specimens is necessary for definitive differentiation. Survival time was good regardless of the type of inflammatory liver disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999:214:513–516)
Dental wear and growth performance in steers fed sweetpotato cannery waste
Authors: Rogers Glenn M. , Poore Matthew H. , Ferko Barbara L. , Brown Talmage T. , Deaton Thomas G. , Bawden James W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether feeding sweetpotato cannery waste (SPCW) to cattle had adverse effects on dental wear, growth performance, or ruminal tissues.

Design
Clinical trial.

Animals
36 Holstein steers.

Procedure
Steers were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. All steers received ryegrass hay ad libitum. In addition, steers in group 1 were fed 3.2 kg of corn and soybean meal/steer/d, steers in group 2 were fed 0.45 kg of soybean meal/steer/d and SPCW ad libitum, and steers in group 3 were fed a mixture of SPCW and broiler litter ad libitum. Samples of rumen fluid were collected on day 56. Steers were slaughtered on day 84, and samples of rumen were submitted for histologic examination. Teeth from control steers were removed, and calcium ion loss in response to etching with 2.28% lactic acid solutions buffered to pH of 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, and 4.75 was determined.

Results
Average daily gain was lower for steers fed SPCW than for steers in the other 2 groups. Steers fed the SPCW-broiler litter mixture had only mild increases in tooth wear and tooth color scores, compared with control steers, whereas steers fed unbuffered SPCW had substantial increases in tooth wear and tooth color scores. Histologic abnormalities were detected in rumens from steers fed diets containing SPCW. Calcium ion loss decreased as pH of the etching solution increased.

Clinical Implications
Results indicate that feeding cattle unbuffered SPCW can cause dental erosion, ruminal epithelial changes, and poor growth; however, SPCW buffered with broiler litter can be used as a cattle feed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:681–687)
Comparison of medical and surgical treatment for impaction of the small colon in horses: 84 cases (1986–1996)
Authors: Rhoads William S. , Barton Michelle H. , Parks Andrew H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize clinical findings and compare effects of treatment and outcome for horses treated medically or surgically for impaction of the small colon.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
84 horses with impaction of the small colon.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed for history, physical examination findings, laboratory values, treatment, response to treatment, complications, outcome, and necropsy findings.

Results
47 horses were treated medically and 37 horses were treated surgically. Significant differences between groups were not identified for duration of clinical signs, physical examination findings, or laboratory values. Horses treated surgically were hospitalized longer than horses treated medically. Complications recorded during hospitalization included diarrhea, jugular thrombophlebitis, recurrent colic, fever, and laminitis. Salmonella organisms were isolated from 20 horses. Horses treated surgically were more likely to have signs of moderate abdominal pain, gross abdominal distention, and positive results for culture of Salmonella spp than horses treated medically. Follow-up information was available for 27 horses treated medically and 23 horses treated surgically. Twenty-four (72%) and 21 (75%) of the horses, respectively, survived and were being used for their intended purpose at least 1 year after treatment.

Clinical Implications
Colitis may be a predisposing factor for impaction of the small colon in horses. Prognosis for horses treated surgically or medically is fair. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1042–1047)
Specificity of assays used by regulatory agencies to detect antibiotic residues in tissues of culled dairy cows
Authors: Payne Michael A. , McBride Michael D. , Utterback William W. , Breitmeyer Richard E. , Alberg Lael , Martin Dave , Cullor James 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine percentage of false-positive test results for assays used by regulatory agencies to detect antibiotic residues in tissues.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
426 dairy cows.

Procedure
Dairy cows scheduled for culling that were identified as being unlikely to have antibiotic residues in tissues on the basis of strict inclusion criteria were used. A sample of kidney obtained from each cow at slaughter was tested on-site, using the swab test on premises (STOP; 97 samples) or the fast antibiotic screening test (FAST; 329 samples). Frozen samples (n = 1,278) of liver, muscle, and kidney were thawed and retested at a federal laboratory, using the same screening assays. Kidney and liver samples (n = 852) were also tested using the 7-plate bioassay confirmation test used for confirmation and identification of antibiotic residues.

Results
Results of screening assays performed onsite were negative. When frozen samples were retested, 20 (12 liver, 7 kidney, and 1 muscle) had positive FAST results, but none had positive STOP results. Of the samples tested with the 7-plate bioassay confirmation test, 4 liver samples had results indicating a tetracycline (n = 3) or an unidentified microbial inhibitor (1) as a residue.

Clinical Implications
Results suggest it is unlikely that regulatory action will be taken against producers sending untreated cattle to market. However, because results of the FAST and 7-plate bioassay confirmation test were positive when applied to frozen tissue, use of assays based on microbial inhibition may not be valid for confirmation of residues. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1048–1050)
Breeding soundness examination of North American bison bulls
Authors: Keen James E. , Rupp Gary P. , Wittenberg Paul A. , Walker Ronald E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the breeding soundness examination procedure in plains bison bulls.

Design
Multiyear (1993 through 1997) cross-sectional clinical procedure evaluation.

Animals
Two hundred thirty-four 28- to 30-month-old bison bulls at Custer State Park

Procedure
Breeding soundness examinations were performed on all bison bulls using 1992 Society for Theriogenology guidelines for beef cattle semen evaluation and reproductive tract examination. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to detect correlations and associations among breeding soundness examination variables.

Results
Scrotal circumference (SC) was significantly correlated with body weight, percentage of normal spermatozoa, percentage of primary spermatozoal defects, and percentage of motile spermatozoa. Scrotal circumference was positively associated with increased odds of semen collection, satisfactory motility (≥ 30% motility), satisfactory morphology (≥ 70% normal spermatozoa), and simultaneous satisfactory motility and morphology. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis selected 29 cm as the optimal SC cutoff most predictive of simultaneous satisfactory spermatozoal motility and morphology. Only 36.2% (83/229) of the bison bulls had a SC of 29 cm or greater and satisfactory spermatozoal motility and morphology.

Clinical Implications
SC is a good indicator of adequate spermatozoal motility and structure in bison. We recommend use of 30% spermatozoal motility, 70% normal spermatozoal morphology, and 29-cm SC as minimal satisfactory measurements for breeding soundness examinations of 28- to 30-month-old bison bulls that have been raised on forage-based nutrition. (J Am Vet Mec Assoc 1999;214:1212–1217)
Guidelines for development and application of aquatic animal health regulations and control programs
Authors: Mitchell Hugh , Stoskopf Michael K. 
Published: December 2023

The creation of sound health regulations or disease control programs for any animal species is a complex endeavor. When the diverse stakeholder interests related to aquaculture are considered, this endeavor becomes daunting.
The AVMA Aquaculture and Seafood Advisory Committee designed the following guidelines as a tool to assist aquatic animal health professionals who discuss potential regulations or control programs with government and industry entities. The guide focuses on determining whether a regulation or program is appropriate and, if so, developing a suitable and effective aquatic animal health plan.
The Aquaculture and Seafood Advisory Committee was established in 1992 as an ad hoc committee of the AVMA Executive Board. The committee is composed of 9 veterinarians with diverse interests in aquaculture and seafood, and one non-veterinarian who represents the aquaculture industry. Participants from the USDA/APHIS and FDA serve as consultants to the Committee.
Dietary and other management factors associated with colic in horses
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Gibbs Peter G. , Woods April M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether dietary and other management factors were associated with development of colic in horses.

Design
Prospective matched case-control study.

Population
2,060 horses examined by veterinarians in private practice in Texas for colic and noncolic emergencies.

Procedure
Each month for 12 months, participating veterinarians were sent forms to collect information on 1 horse with colic and 1 horse that received emergency treatment for a condition other than colic. Information collected included signalment, farm management and characteristics, diet, medical and preventive medical factors, transport, and activity or use. Case and control horses were compared by means of conditional logistic regression to identify factors associated with colic.

Results
Recent change in diet, recent change in type of hay, history of previous episode of colic, history of abdominal surgery for colic, recent change in weather conditions, recent change in housing, Arabian breed, administration of an anthelmintic during the 7-day period prior to examination, failure to receive regular deworming, age > 10 years, and regular exercise (vs pastured at all times) were associated with increased risk of colic.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Results suggest that changes in diet (particularly in type of hay fed) contribute to increased risk of colic. A regular program for administration of anthelmintics may reduce the overall frequency at which colic develops, but recent administration of anthelmintics may predispose some horses to colic. Arabian horses may have an increased risk of colic, and horses at pasture may have a decreased risk of colic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:53-60)
Effects of blood contamination of cerebrospinal fluid on western blot analysis for detection of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and on albumin quotient and immunoglobulin G index in horses
Authors: Miller Margaret M. , Sweeney Corinne R. , Russell Gail E. , Sheetz R. Michael , Morrow Jennifer K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine effects of blood contamination on western blot (WB) analysis of CSF samples for detection of anti-Sarcocystis neurona antibodies, and on CSF albumin and IgG concentrations, albumin quotient (AQ), and IgG index in horses.

Design
Prospective in vitro study.

Samples
Blood with various degrees of immunoreactivity against S neurona was collected from 12 healthy horses. Cerebrospinal fluid without immunoreactivity against S neurona was harvested from 4 recently euthanatized horses.

Procedure
Blood was serially diluted with pooled nonimmunoreactive CSF so that final dilutions corresponded to 10-3 to 100 μl of blood/ml CSF, and WB analysis was performed on contaminated CSF samples. Number of RBC, albumin and IgG concentrations, AQ, and IgG index were also determined.

Results
Antibodies against S neurona were detected in CSF contaminated with 10-3 μl of strongly immunoreactive blood/ml. In CSF samples contaminated with 10 μl of blood/ml, AQ remained within reference range. Volume of blood required to increase IgG index varied among blood samples and was primarily influenced by serum IgG concentrations. Number of RBC in contaminated samples was correlated with volume of blood added, but not with degree of immunoreactivity detected in contaminated CSF samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
During collection of CSF from horses, contamination with blood may introduce serum antibodies against S neurona at concentrations sufficient for detection by WB analysis, thus yielding false-positive results. When blood is moderately or strongly immunoreactive, the amount of contaminating albumin may be small enough as to not increase AQ above reference range. In these cases, AQ and IgG index should be interpreted with caution. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:67—71)
Resting rectal temperature of Vietnamese potbellied pigs
Authors: Lord Linda K. , Wittum Thomas E. , Anderson David E. , Riffle Dale , Lathrop Sarah L. , Lauderdale Margaret A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine resting rectal temperatures of Vietnamese potbellied pigs.

Design
Prospective clinical trial.

Animals
85 potbellied pigs on a single farm and 27 potbellied pigs examined at a veterinary teaching hospital for routine veterinary care.

Procedure
Rectal temperatures of the potbellied pigs on a farm were measured during the morning, afternoon, and evening. Rectal temperatures at the time of initial examination were obtained from medical records for the potbellied pigs examined at the hospital.

Results
Mean rectal temperatures for both groups of potbellied pigs were the same. Overall unadjusted mean ± SD rectal temperature was 37.6 ± 0.8 C (99.7 ± 1.5 F; range, 35.1 to 39.6 C [95.2 to 103.3 F]). However, diurnal variation in rectal temperature was found among the farm population of potbellied pigs. After adjustment for age and repeated sampling, rectal temperatures recorded during the morning were found to be significantly lower than temperatures recorded during the afternoon and evening (mean difference, 0.5 and 0.9 C [0.9 and 1.6 F], respectively), and rectal temperatures recorded during the afternoon were found to be significantly lower than temperatures recorded during the evening (mean difference, 0.4 C [0.7 F]). There was a significant inverse linear relationship between age and rectal temperature.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Rectal temperatures of Vietnamese potbellied pigs may be lower than the lower limit of the reference range reported for domestic pigs. Because of diurnal variation in rectal temperatures, it is important to compare temperatures obtained at the same time of day when assessing patients. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:342–344)
Cardiopulmonary measurements in dogs undergoing gastropexy without gastrectomy for correction of gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Wagner Ann E. , Dunlop Colin I. , Chapman Phillip L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To measure cardiopulmonary variables, including cardiac index, in dogs with naturally acquired gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV).

Design
Prospective clinical study.

Animals
6 dogs with GDV.

Procedure
In addition to typical medical and surgical management of GDV, the dorsal metatarsal and pulmonary arteries and right atrium of the dogs were catheterized to obtain cardiopulmonary measurements before and during anesthesia and surgery.

Results
All dogs underwent gastropexy but none required gastrectomy. Mean cardiac index and mean arterial blood pressure for this small population of dogs with GDV were not significantly different from those reported for clinically normal awake or anesthetized dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Dogs with naturally acquired GDV without gastric necrosis may not have the classic characteristics, including decreased cardiac index and hypotension, of hypovolemic circulatory shock. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:484—488).
Estimation of the proportions of dogs and cats that are surgically sterilized
Authors: Mahlow Jane C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine an estimate of the proportions of dogs and cats in Texas that are surgically sterilized and whether those proportions differed according to species and sex of the animal, level of responsibility of the owner, or geographic location.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Animals
43,831 dogs and cats ≥ 6 months old.

Procedure
Information on sterilization rates was provided by 14 licensing agencies and 16 animal shelters in diverse regions of Texas. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare sterilization rates among subpopulations of animals (dogs vs cats, males vs females, sheltered vs licensed, rural vs urban location).

Results
Overall, 12,893 (29.4%) of the animals (26.9% of dogs and 32.6% of cats) were sterilized. Proportions of animals sterilized were significantly different among subpopulations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Although the cause of pet overpopulation is multifaceted, failure of owners to spay and castrate their animals is a major contributing factor. Significant differences in sterilization rates among subpopulations of dogs and cats suggest that organizations encouraging spaying and castration should use motivational techniques specific for the pet owners they are targeting. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:640–643)