bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral separation of 2,3‐allenoic acid by capillary zone electrophoresis using cyclodextrin derivatives
Authors: Xu Xu , Bao Xiao‐Ling , Dong Xiao‐Wei , Shi Zhang‐Jie , Yu Zhan‐Qian , Ma Sheng‐Ming 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper, five of six samples of 2,3‐allenoic acid enantiomers were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) and hydroxypropyl‐γ‐cyclodextrin (HP‐γ‐CD) as chiral selectors. Using HP‐β‐CD for chiral separation, three of the six enantiomers were separated. Five experimental conditions including HP‐β‐CD concentration, pH, buffer concentration, temperature, and running voltage were investigated for their influence on separation and migration using enantiomers of 2‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐2,3‐butadienoic acid (A) and 2‐(n‐propyl)‐4‐phenyl‐2,3‐butadienoic acid (B) as samples. Good separation results were observed when [HP‐β‐CD] = 3–12 mmol/L and pH = 7–9 for samples A and B. The temperature range of 15–25°C can be selected for convenience. According to the chiral separation results, HP‐β‐CD and HP‐γ‐CD should be valuable selectors to separate 2,3‐allenoic acids and HP‐γ‐CD was suggested to separate the 2,3‐allenoic acid samples with a group at 4‐position bulkier than phenyl. Chirality 15:201–205, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innovations of the NetSolve Grid Computing System
Authors: Arnold Dorian C. , Casanova Henri , Dongarra Jack 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe NetSolve Grid Computing System was first developed in the mid 1990s to provide users with seamless access to remote computational hardware and software resources. Since then, the system has benefitted from many enhancements like security services, data management faculties and distributed storage infrastructures. This article is meant to provide the reader with details regarding the present state of the project, describing the current architecture of the system, its latest innovations and other systems that make use of the NetSolve infrastructure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition and variability of the essential oil of Sardinian Thymus herba‐barona Loisel
Authors: Usai Marianna , Atzei Aldo , Pintore Giorgio , Casanova Ioseph 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe essential oils from nine wild populations of the Sardinian Thymus herba‐barona Loisel (Labiatae) were chemically characterized to identify the different chemotypes. GC and GC–MS analysis showed that in Sardinia only two chemotypes (thymol and carvacrol) are present. The carvacrol chemotype is predominant and this compound was found in high concentration (50.7–79.4%) in seven of the nine populations studied. The thymol chemotype was found in only two populations (34.2–56.2%). Analyses also showed that the other main components of the oils of T. herba‐barona, were 3‐heptanone (1.4–5.6%), 3‐octanone (1.4–5.5%) and borneol (2.5–8.3%). p‐Cymene is present at 1.2–5.6% but is not present in plants from the Tonara medium station, where O‐cymene (1.9%) is present instead. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of the essential oils from leaves of two Hedyosmum spp. from Bolivia
Authors: Lorenzo Daniel , Loayza Ingrid , Dellacassa Eduardo 
Published: January 2003

AbstractEssential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Hedyosmum angustifolium (Ruiz & Pavón) Solms‐Laubach and H. scabrum (Ruiz & Pavón) Solms‐Laubach from Bolivia were analysed by GC–FID and GC–MS. Monoterpene hydrocarbons, especially α‐ and β‐pinene, and oxygen containing monoterpenes, mainly 1,8‐cineole and linalool, were the major constituents found in the oils of H. angustifolium. The oil of H. scabrum was mainly made up of monoterpenes, in particular δ‐3‐carene, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons α‐gurjunene and germacrene D, and 3′, 4′‐dimethoxypropiophenone. For both oils, the enantiomeric distribution of α‐pinene, sabinene, β‐pinene, limonene, linalool, terpinen‐4‐ol and α‐terpineol was studied by multidimensional HRGC–HRGC. The main difference between the oils corresponded to the reverse enantiomeric distribution found for linalool, indicating a clear index of different metabolic response in each species. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of fragrant materials from odourless glycosidically‐bound volatiles on skin microflora (Part 2)
Authors: Ikemoto Takeshi , Mimura Kunio , Kitahara Takeshi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe have reported that glycosidically bound volatiles (GBVs), known as a plant fragrance precursor, were metabolized by skin microflora to release their aglycones as fragrant materials through in vitro examination. To confirm the practicality of GBVs for the application of fragrant products, headspace measurements have been made to assess the generation of fragrant materials from the skin or head, on which a solution of several GBVs was applied. GBVs, particularly β‐D‐glucoside, gradually changed to fragrant materials even on the skin and head, and seemed to possess an alternative sustained‐release effect to that of ordinary fragrant materials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A third‐generation matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (ONO‐4817) combined with docetaxel suppresses progression of lung micrometastasis of MMP‐expressing tumor cells in nude mice
Authors: Yamamoto Akihiko , Yano Seiji , Shiraga Minoru , Ogawa Hirohisa , Goto Hisatsugu , Miki Toyokazu , Zhang Helong , Sone Saburo 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe lung is the common target organ of hematogenous metastasis that restricts the prognosis of cancer patients. MMPs play a pivotal role in metastasis by promoting tumor invasion and angiogenesis; therefore, a large number of MMPIs have been developed. Our purpose was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of a selective‐spectrum MMPI, ONO‐4817 (inhibits MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 but not MMP‐1), against established lung micrometastasis in combination with a cytotoxic anticancer drug, DOC, in a nude mouse model. Human non‐small cell lung cancer PC14PE6 (adenocarcinoma) or H226 (squamous cell carcinoma) cells, expressing MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and/or MMP‐1, were injected i.v. into nude mice on day 0. Mice received a single injection of DOC on day 7 (after establishment of micrometastasis) and/or ONO‐4817 mixed with food from day 7 to the end of experiments. Monotherapy with ONO‐4817 or DOC inhibited formation of lung metastasis by PC14PE6 and H226 cells. In addition, combined use of ONO‐4817 with DOC significantly suppressed the tumor burden of H226 and PC14PE6 cells in the lung and prolonged the survival of PC14PE6‐bearing mice compared to ONO‐4817 or DOC alone. These therapies did not affect the body weight or food intake of tumor‐bearing mice. FIZ revealed that lung lesions, but not nontumor parenchyma of the lung, expressed gelatinolytic activity and that treatment with ONO‐4817 abrogated the gelatinolytic activity in lung lesions. These results suggest that the combined use of MMPIs with cytotoxic anticancer drugs may be helpful in the control of established lung micrometastasis by tumor cells expressing MMPs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of specific types of human papillomavirus and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in consecutive, previously unscreened, West‐African women over 35 years of age
Authors: Xi Long Fu , Touré Papa , Critchlow Cathy W. , Hawes Stephen E. , Dembele Birama , Sow Papa Salif , Kiviat Nancy B. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractPrevious studies among women worldwide have demonstrated that infection with specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is central to the pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia. There is little data, however, concerning the prevalence of specific HPV types and the association of each type with cervical neoplasia among women in sub‐Saharan Africa, who remain at very high risk of cervical cancer. We studied 2,065 consecutive patients aged 35 years or older, presenting to community health clinics in Dakar and Pikine, West Africa, who had not been screened previously for cytologic abnormalities or HPV. Cytologic diagnosis and HPV detection were accomplished using a ThinPrep Pap and a polymerase chain reaction‐based reverse‐line strip assay, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using polynomial logistic regression. Cytologic abnormalities were found in 426 women (20%), including 254 (12%) with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 86 (4%) with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 66 (3%) with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 20 (1%) with invasive cancer. HPV infection was detected in 18%. Among women with negative cytologic findings, the prevalence of high risk but not low risk HPV types increased with age. HPV16 (2.4%) and HPV58 (1.6%) were the most frequently detected HPV types in this population, as well as being the most strongly associated with risk of HSIL/cancer (HPV16: OR = 88, 95% CI = 39–200; HPV58: OR = 51, 95% CI = 16–161). These data suggest that in addition to HPV16, HPV58 should be considered in the strategic planning of vaccination against cervical cancer in this geographic region. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of insulin‐induced AP‐1 transactivation by menin accompanies inhibition of c‐Fos induction
Authors: Yumita Wataru , Ikeo Yasuto , Yamauchi Keishi , Sakurai Akihiro , Hashizume Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe translation product of the MEN1 gene, menin, has been reported to suppress JunD‐mediated activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) transactivation and inhibit Ras‐mediated tumor formation, but its molecular mechanisms and physiologic significance have been poorly elucidated. To better understand the function of menin as a tumor suppressor, we examined the effect of menin on physiologically induced AP‐1 activity. Overexpression of menin strongly suppressed insulin‐induced AP‐1 activity in CHO‐IR cells, which express high levels of insulin receptor. We found that menin suppressed c‐Fos induction at the transcriptional level, although that cannot explain the entire mechanism of AP‐1 suppression by menin. Menin did not alter the expression levels of AP‐1 proteins except c‐Fos, phosphorylation of c‐Jun and JunD and DNA binding properties of AP‐1 proteins. Suppression of AP‐1 activation by menin may be exerted through 2 independent mechanisms, direct inhibition on AP‐1‐mediated transcription and suppression of c‐Fos induction. The molecular mechanism of inhibition of AP‐1 function by menin needs further elucidation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The patched polymorphism Pro1315Leu (C3944T) may modulate the association between use of oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk
Authors: Chang‐Claude Jenny , Dunning Alison , Schnitzbauer Udo , Galmbacher Petra , Tee Louise , Wjst Matthias , Chalmers Jennifer , Zemzoum Iris , Harbeck Nadia , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Hahn Heidi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe gene coding for the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene patched (PTCH1) is mutated in several common human tumors. In mice, haplodeficiency at the Ptch1 locus results in severe histologic defects in mammary ductal structure. We found no mutations within the coding region of PTCH1 in 17 human primary breast carcinomas. However, the biallelic Pro1315Leu (C3944T) polymorphism of PTCH1 was significantly associated with breast cancer in 41 Bavarian patients compared to 85 healthy controls. We investigated whether this variant influences susceptibility for breast cancer in 611 breast cancer patients diagnosed by age 50 years and 1,057 controls matched by age and study region in Germany and in 1,093 breast cancer patients from the United Kingdom. Allele and genotype frequencies were not different between cases and controls. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an effect modification of oral contraceptive use (OC) on breast cancer risk by Leu‐carrier status. Compared to women who have Pro/Pro and never used OC, Pro/Pro OC users had an increased odds ratio for breast cancer of 1.7. The odds ratio was also 1.7 for Leu‐carriers who never used OC, but this was attenuated among Leu‐carriers who ever used OC by 20%. The gene‐environmental interaction was confirmed in case‐only analysis of the German and British studies, yielding an interaction odds ratio of 0.7 for premenopausal women (p = 0.06). Longer duration of pill use was associated with a significantly greater risk reduction (p for trend = 0.015). Our novel observation of a differential effect of OC use on breast cancer risk by PTCH1 1315Leu‐carrier status suggests the interesting possibility of the Sonic hedgehog/Patched (SHH/PTCH1) signaling pathway being involved in hormone‐induced development of breast carcinoma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of stereolithography to manufacture critical‐sized 3D biodegradable scaffolds for bone ingrowth
Authors: Cooke Malcolm N. , Fisher John P. , Dean David , Rimnac Clare , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA novel approach to the manufacture of biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for tissue‐engineering utilizing stereolithography (SLA) is presented. SLA is a three‐dimensional (3D) printing method that uses an ultraviolet laser to photo‐crosslink a liquid polymer substrate. The current generation of SLA devices provide a 3D printing resolution of 0.1 mm. The experiments utilized a biodegradable resin mixture of diethyl fumarate (DEF), poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), and a photoinitiator, bisacylphosphine oxide (BAPO). The PPF is crosslinked with the use of the SLA's UV laser (325‐nm wavelength). An SLA device was retrofitted with a custom fixture build tank enclosing an elevator‐driven build table. A 3D prototype model testing the manufacturing control this device provides was created in a computer‐aided‐design package. The resulting geometric data were used to drive the SLA process, and a DEF/PPF prototype part was successfully manufactured. These scaffolds have application in the tissue engineering of bony substrates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 65–69, 2002
Effects of multipurpose solutions (MPS) for hydrogel contact lenses on gap‐junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in rabbit corneal keratocytes
Authors: Sumide Taizo , Tsuchiya Toshie 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTo ensure the effects of multipurpose solutions (MPS) for hydrogel contact lenses on the cornea, the inhibitory activity of three types of MPS on corneal cells has been evaluated with the use of scrape loading and dye transfer assay (SLDT assay) and Western blotting on rabbit corneal keratocytes (RC4). In SLDT assay, MPS‐A and poloxamine showed dose‐dependent inhibitory activity, suggesting the inhibitory action of MPS‐A and poloxamine to gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the tested cells. Moreover, after treatment with MPS‐A, the GJIC was initially inhibited within 4 h, and thereafter gradually turned to an approximately 60% level of the initial value. When MPS‐A was removed from the incubation media after exposure of the cells, the recovery of GJIC was time dependent and returned to approximately initial levels at 8 h. Complete recovery was established after approximately 24 h. These findings suggested that the inhibitory action of MPS‐A on corneal keratocytes was reversible. This inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in the quantity of connexin‐43, which is a major protein constituting the gap junctional channel of these cells, and its change in the phosphorylation state. Taken together, it was suggested that MPS‐A interacts with connexin‐43, inducing an inhibitory action on GJIC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 57–64, 2003
Antibiotic bone cement for the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa in joint arthroplasty: Comparison of tobramycin and gentamicin‐loaded cements
Authors: Scott Christopher P. , Higham Paul A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractOne hundred clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from 22 medical centers throughout Europe and were challenged with two aminoglycoside‐loaded bone cements, employing a modified in vitro Kirby–Bauer susceptibility model. The results of this study show that Simplex® P with tobramycin exhibits antibacterial activity against 98% of the strains tested, compared to 93% for Palacos with gentamicin. Additionally, for strains that were susceptible to the antibiotic bone cement formulations, the average zone of inhibition produced around the tobramycin‐loaded cement disks was approximately 25% greater than that seen around the gentamicin‐loaded cement disks. This difference was statistically significant (p ≪ 0.01). Tobramycin‐loaded bone cement is therefore the preferred formulation when addressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in septic joint arthroplasty. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 94–98, 2003
Mechanisms of intestinal calcium absorption
Authors: Bronner Felix 
Published: January 2003

AbstractCalcium is absorbed in the mammalian small intestine by two general mechanisms: a transcellular active transport process, located largely in the duodenum and upper jejunum; and a paracellular, passive process that functions throughout the length of the intestine. The transcellular process involves three major steps: entry across the brush border, mediated by a molecular structure termed CaT1, intracellular diffusion, mediated largely by the cytosolic calcium‐binding protein (calbindinD9k or CaBP); and extrusion, mediated largely by the CaATPase. Chyme travels down the intestinal lumen in ∼3 h, spending only minutes in the duodenum, but over 2 h in the distal half of the small intestine. When calcium intake is low, transcellular calcium transport accounts for a substantial fraction of the absorbed calcium. When calcium intake is high, transcellular transport accounts for only a minor portion of the absorbed calcium, because of the short sojourn time and because CaT1 and CaBP, both rate‐limiting, are downregulated when calcium intake is high. Biosynthesis of CaBP is fully and CaT1 function is approximately 90% vitamin D‐dependent. At high calcium intakes CaT1 and CaBP are downregulated because 1,25(OH)2D3, the active vitamin D metabolite, is downregulated. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 387–393, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and its analogs on dendritic cell function
Authors: Griffin Matthew D. , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: January 2003

Abstract1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) and non‐calcemic vitamin D analogs induce a persistent state of immaturity in dendritic cells both in vitro and in vivo. These effects are transcriptional in nature, involve alterations in surface ligands as well as cytokine synthesis and release, and are dependent upon the presence of the vitamin D receptor. The vitamin D endocrine system could also play a role in altering immune function in normal physiological conditions. Distinct differences exist in lymph node dendritic cells of vitamin D receptor null mutant mice when compared to normal mice. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 323–326, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression, structure‐function, and molecular modeling of vitamin D P450s
Authors: Omdahl J.L. , Bobrovnikova E.V. , Annalora A. , Chen P. , Serda R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAlthough vitamin D3 is a natural product of a sunlight‐mediated process in the skin, the secosteroid's biological function is dependent upon specific cytochrome P450 enzymes that mediate the parent vitamin's bioactivation and inactivation. Cytochrome P450C1 (CYP27B1) is the regulatory rate‐limiting enzyme that directs the bioactivation process through introduction of a C‐1α hydroxyl group. The resultant 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is the biologically active secosteroid hormone that directs the multitude of vitamin D‐dependent actions involved with calcium homeostasis, cellular differentiation and growth, and the immune response. The circulating and cellular level of 1,25D is regulated through a coordinated process involving the hormone's synthesis and degradation. Central to the degradation and turnover of 1,25D is the regulatory multi‐catalytic cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24) enzyme that directs the introduction of C‐24R groups onto targeted 25‐hydroxy substrates. Discussed in this article is the action of the rat CYP24 to catalyze the side‐chain oxidation and cleavage of 25‐hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites. Expression and characterization of purified recombinant rat CYP24 is discussed in light of mutations directed at the enzyme's active site. J. Cell. Biochem. 88: 356–362, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dwarf male of symbion pandora (cycliophora)
Authors: Obst Matthias , Funch Peter 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis study clarifies the identity and development of the male in the life cycle of Symbion pandora. The male is not produced directly by the feeding stage, as previously thought, but arises as a distinct individual from budding cells inside an intermediate stage named the Prometheus larva. The morphology and the development of the two distinct stages are described with light and electron microscopy. Furthermore, the following terminology is suggested to clearly distinguish between the different individuals: 1) the Prometheus larva, which is the free‐swimming individual being produced inside the feeding stage; 2) the attached Prometheus larva on the feeding stage, which mostly degenerates following settlement, except for the internal budding cells; and 3) the dwarf male, which is the ciliated, sexually mature stage. The budding cells inside the attached Prometheus larva usually develop two internal dwarf males. Each dwarf male is heavily ciliated and has a well‐developed nervous system with a relatively large brain, numerous gland and muscle cells, testis with bundles of sperm, and one penial structure. The male lacks a gut, as in the other free stages in the life cycle of Symbion pandora. This study also indicates that the dwarf male is freed from the attached Prometheus larva. Copulation, which has not been observed yet, probably takes place between a free‐swimming male and the female, either while the female is released or afterwards. J. Morphol. 255:261–278, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On spherical harmonics expansion type modelsfor electron–phonon collisions
Authors: Bourgade J.‐P. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we give the rigorous derivation of a diffusion model for semiconductor devices, the starting point being a microscopic description of electron transport by means of a kinetic equation of Boltzmann type. The limit of a small mean free path at a large time leads to a diffusion equation of ‘SHE’ type (spherical harmonics expansion). We deal with a collision operator that models interactions between electron and phonons. This induces a peculiar form for the diffusion tensor: electron–phonon collisions happen to be discontinuous in energy and inelastic, and, as a consequence, the diffusion tensor appears as an infinite dimensional matrix. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of clustered matched‐pair data for a non‐inferiority study design
Authors: Durkalski Valerie L. , Palesch Yuko Y. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Rust Philip F. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractHypothesis testing of matched‐pair data has been adapted for equivalence (one‐ and two‐sided) study designs; however, a statistical problem arises when more than one measurement is recorded for each study subject. Ignoring the correlation between the repeated measurements per subject may underestimate the standard error of the parameter estimate. A method of testing for non‐inferiority or equivalence of clustered matched‐pair data is not yet available. This paper proposes a Wald‐type test statistic for a non‐inferiority hypothesis and applies it to the comparison of two diagnostic procedures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.