bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of Using Prophylactic Antibiotics Perioperative Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Arnaout Ahmad Yamen , Atli Abd Alazeez , Nerabani Yaman , Hamdan Ola , Dabbagh Ezeddin , Alhejazi Tala Jouma , Kadoura Lama , Masri Ruqaya , Bsata Adel , Kayali Hasan , Mahli Nehad , Al-Haj Ahmad , Ayoub Kusay , Niazi Ammar , Ghazal Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended by many guidelines for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the effectiveness and safety of this measure remain controversial due to the fact that most recommendations are based on old and low-quality evidence.
Methods: A total of 325 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Aleppo University Hospital between February 1, 2022 and November 30, 2022 were involved in the study. Inclusion criteria included: laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases, aged between 18 and 90, and patients who accepted to participate in our study. While exclusion criteria included: open cholecystectomy.
Results: There was no significant difference in the difficulty of surgical work or perioperative medications between groups. Thirty Complications happened included Wound infection (N=12, PAG = 1, NAG =11; P =0.07), Urinary Tract Infection (N=4 , PAG = 1 , NAG =3 ;P=0.314), bleeding (N=2, PAG = 1, NAG =1; P=0.175), Acute pancreatitis (N=2, PAG = 1, NAG =1; P=0.175), prolonged shoulder pain (N= , PAG =0 , NAG =2 ;P=0.165), intra-abdominal abscess (N=1, PAG =0, NAG =1; P=0.198), Bile leak (N=1, PAG = 1, NAG =0; P=0.056), and other (N=8, PAG = 2, NAG =6; P=0.2). While no case of renal, respiratory (pneumonia), CVA, or Venous thromboembolism complication was recorded during the follow-up period for both groups. Thirteen patients required unplanned readmission and one death occurred in the antibiotic group. Only one case needed ICU care in the antibiotic group. There was a tendency for more complications in patients who did not receive antibiotics in most subgroups, but these results were not statistically significant and require further study with larger patient numbers to determine significance.
Conclusion: The medical literature is still unable to answer whether to use PA or not. We tried to cover all possible types of LC and follow them up for a sufficient period. However, future studies with larger samples are needed to solve the debate and improve the present guidelines.
Degradation of Rice Husks by Fungi Species Isolated from Rice Husk Dumps at Abakaliki
Authors: Onwa Ndubuisi Colins , Ozor Perpetua Ebele , Okon Michael Ben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Degradation of rice husks by fungi species isolated from old rice husk dumps at Abakaliki rice mill was carried out. Standard microbiological techniques were used in isolating and identifying the fungi species from the old rice husk dumps. The isolated fungi species were used to screen for their ability to degrade fresh rice husks by their ability to produce reducing sugars. The identified fungi isolates were then used to degrade fresh rice husks for five days. Also, the cellulase activities of the fungal species that degraded the rice husks were assessed for their ability to produce clear zones on carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) agar. Results showed that ten species of fungi were isolated, out of which five were able to produce reducing sugars and were identified as Aspergilus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus microsporus and Mucor pusillus. The result revealed that Mucor pusillus degraded the rice husks more by producing the highest reducing sugar value of 123.342 mg/l followed by Aspergilus flavus (116.551mg/l), Aspergillus fumigatus (96.731mg/l), Rhizopus microsporus (94.225mg/l) and Aspergillus niger (93.153mg/l). The highest reducing sugar production occurred on the 3rd and 4th days of degradation. With respect to cellulase activity, Mucor pusillus had the highest cellulase activity by producing the widest clear zone of 40.00mm on CMC agar while Aspergillus niger had the least cellulase activity by producing the smallest clear zone of 24.0mm in CMC agar. Therefore, the production of reducing sugars by these organisms showed that they can degrade rice husks.
Robust Visual SLAM in Dynamic Environment Based on Moving Detection and Segmentation
Authors: Yu Xin , Shen Rulin , Wu Kang , Lin Zhi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, a robust and accurate SLAM method for dynamic environments is proposed. Sparse optical flow and epipolar geometric constraint are combined to conduct moving detection by judging whether a priori dynamic object is in motion. Semantic segmentation is combined with moving detection to perform dynamic keypoints removal by removing dynamic objects. The dynamic objects removal method is integrated into ORB-SLAM2, enabling robust, accurate localization and mapping. Experiments on TUM datasets show that compared with ORB-SLAM2, the proposed system can significantly reduce the pose estimation error, and the RMSE and S.D. of ORB-SLAM2 are reduced by up to 97.78% and 97.91% respectively under high dynamic sequences, improving the robustness in dynamic environments. Compared with other similar SLAM methods, the RMSE and S.D. of the proposed method are reduced by up to 69.26% and 73.03% respectively. Dense semantic maps built with our method are also much closer to the groundtruth.
Neutron Filter using Periodic Multilayers of Ferromagnetic and Paramagnetic Layers
Authors: Zaky Zaky A. , Al-Dossari M. , Zhaketov V. D. , Hendy Ahmed S. , Aly Arafa H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Binary and ternary multilayers comprising paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials filter out a specific neutron wavelength from the reflected broad spectrum. The effect of the grazing angle, the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layers and the scattering length density of the ferromagnetic layers for both structures are studied. The best performance of the proposed filter, such as the broadest neutron bandgap of 0.46 Å and the smallest bandwidth of the transmitted beam of 0.0016 Å, was achieved using the binary structure at magnetization of 40 kOe. These findings hold potential in the nuclear fields, including neutron waveguides and filters.
Trial number and sample size do not affect accuracy of the I2- point estimate for testing selection bias risk in meta-analyses. A simulation study (Preprint)
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Yengopal Veerasamy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives: To establish the test sensitivity and specificity of the I2-point estimate for testing selection bias in meta-analyses under condition of large versus small trial sample size and large versus small trial number in meta-analyses and to test the null-hypotheses that the differences are not statistically significant.
Methods: Simulation trials were generated in MS Excel, each consisting of a sequence of subject ID (accession) numbers representing trial subjects; a random sequence of allocation to group A or B and a random sequence of a simulated baseline variable (‘age’) per subject, ranging between 50 to 55. These simulation trials were included into five types of meta-analyses with large/small numbers of trials, as well as trials with large and small sample sizes. Half of the meta-analyses were artificially biased. All meta-analyses were tested using the I2 point estimate. The numbers of true positive, false positive, false negative and true negative test results were established. From these, the test sensitivity and specificity were computed for each of the meta-analysis types and compared.
Results: All non-biased meta-analyses yielded true negative and all biased meta-analyses true positive test results, regardless of trial number and trial sample size. No false positive or false negative test results were observed. Accordingly, test sensitivities and specificities of 100% for all meta-analysis types were established and thus both null-hypotheses failed to be rejected.
Conclusion: The results suggest that trial number and sample size in a baseline variable meta-analysis do not affect the test accuracy of the I2-point estimate.
The challenge of diagnosing lumbar segmental instability
Authors: Hipp John A. , Reitman Charles A. , Chaput Christopher D. , Buser Zorica , Grieco Trevor F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Lumbar spinal instability is very commonly discussed in research studies and is routinely used in clinical practice to make treatment decisions. That practice must be reconciled with expert consensus in the peer-reviewed literature: there is currently no validated diagnostic test for spinal instability. Some treatments for instability can have serious complications, so correct diagnosis is important. Biomechanically rational and clinically effective diagnostic tests for instability are needed, where instability is defined as incompetence of the intervertebral motion restraints forming the passive part of the motion control system.Methods This study critically examines and identifies deficiencies in previously employed metrics and criteria for diagnosing spinal instability. New metrics are described that account for the deficiencies. The new metrics were retrospectively applied to 7621 lumbar spine flexion-extension studies to document the prevalence of abnormalities in different patient populations.Results Traditional measurements, such as intervertebral rotation or translation, may fail to find abnormalities in intervertebral motion due to factors such as inconsistent patient effort and radiographic magnification. The proposed biomechanically grounded metrics for lumbar spine sagittal plane shear and vertical instability appear more adept at finding abnormalities in patient populations where abnormalities might be expected and not in patients where instability would not be expected.Discussion New approaches to detecting abnormal sagittal plane intervertebral motion may lead to enhanced and standardized diagnosis of lumbar spine instability. Further clinical research is imperative to validate the efficacy of these metrics in diagnosis and treatment algorithms.
Mpox, STIs, and HIV in the LGBTQIA2S+ Community: What can be learned from bibliometric analysis?
Authors: Adnyana I Made Dwi Mertha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The LGBTQIA2S + community is vulnerable to health problems, including triple-burden diseases such as Mpox, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and HIV positivity. This zoonotic disease is a global health burden in nonendemic countries. With increasing cases of the three diseases, this community faces various threats, obstacles, and challenges. This review aimed to identify the threats and barriers to triple-burden disease, including mpox infection, STIs, and HIV infection, simultaneously in LGBTQIA2S + populations. A bibliometric study approach was used to map these three diseases' research journeys and findings worldwide. The LGBTQIA2S + community faced distinct health disparities, including the triple disease burden, which refers to the higher prevalence and impact of multiple health conditions in this group. Although there has been no specific research on the triple burden of Mpox, STIs, and HIV in the LGBTQIA2S + community, this population faces various direct and indirect threats and barriers. These include stigma, discrimination, a lack of culturally competent care, limited resource access, and mental health effects. A comprehensive approach that includes destigmatization efforts, education, accessible healthcare services, and mental health support is necessary to address these challenges and improve the LGBTQIA2S + community's overall health outcomes. Promoting inclusivity, understanding, and awareness is essential to reduce community barriers and improve health.
An observational study to assess effectiveness of POSSUM and P-POSSUM score for prediction of morbidity and mortality after surgery for ileal perforation
Authors: Bhat Durgesh , Katkade Shivaji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Perforative peritonitis is the most common surgical emergency. Most common perforation is seen in ileum, followed by duodenum, stomach, appendix, jejunum and colon. The methods of source control for ileal perforations include primary closure, resection, and anastomosis of small gut or diverting stoma, depending on the site and number of perforations, severity of peritonitis, and general condition of the patient. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the POSSUM and P-POSSUM score in predicting morbidity and mortality following surgery for ileal perforation. And evaluate the correlation between the physiological factors and operative findings leading to morbidity and mortality for ileal perforation.
Method: The study included all cases of ileal perforation undergoing surgery. Predicted morbidity and mortality scores were calculated based on physiologic and Operatives cores using POSSUM & P-POSSUM equations.
Result: A total 40 patients were included in present study. Mean POSSUM morbidity was 95.45, while mean POSSUM mortality was 69.28. Significant association was found between physiological and operative score with fair correlation. Expected morbidity and mortality determined by POSSUM score showed values significantly above the observed ones. P-POSSUM score systems was effective in predicting mortality.
Conclusion: POSSUM and P-POSSUM score can be used as good stratification tool for predicting morbidity and mortality in cases of ileal perforation respectively.
A Study on the Differential Effects of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulations on the Green Transformation of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises under "Double Carbon" Target
Authors: Tang Yongjun , Qi Yuqiu , Zhou Fen , Hua Lei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using panel data of Chinese manufacturing enterprises listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2015 to 2021, we examine the effects of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the green transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises under "Double Carbon" target, and reveal the mediating role played by managers' green perception in the process from an intra-firm perspective. We find that three environmental regulation tools, namely environmental administrative supervision, environmental economic regulation and environmental soft constraint, all contribute significantly to the green transformation of manufacturing enterprises. Among them, environmental economic regulation is the most effective in promoting the green transformation of manufacturing enterprises, followed by environmental soft constraint and environmental administrative supervision. The mechanism analysis shows that managers' green perception is partially mediated between heterogeneous environmental regulations and the green transformation of manufacturing enterprises. Moreover, environmental administrative supervision is the most effective in raising managers' green perception among them, followed by environmental economic regulation and environmental soft constraint. Further analysis shows that the positive effect of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the green transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is more significant when the enterprises locate in regions with high policy uncertainty, in the eastern part of the country, or when the enterprises are state-owned enterprises. The conclusions provide a theoretical basis for Chinese environmental policymakers to flexibly adopt differentiated environmental regulation tools.
The Relationship Between Frailty and Schizophrenia: A Genetic Association and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Deng Ming-Gang , Wang Kai , Liu Fang , Zhou Xiuxiu , Liu Jiewei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Importance Frailty was associated with elevated risks of various diseases and could induce many adverse outcomes in schizophrenia patients. However, the association and causality between frailty and schizophrenia are still unclear.Objective To investigate the genetic association and causality between frailty and schizophrenia.Design, Setting, and Participants We obtained the summary genetic data related to frailty and schizophrenia from the large-scale genome-wide association studies in the European population. Genetic association analyses were investigated from 5 aspects: global genetic correlation, local genetic correlation, shared genomic loci, overlapped tissue enrichments, and shared functional genes. The causality was inferred via the bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses.Main Outcomes and Measures The genetic association and causality between frailty and schizophrenia.Results The global genetic correlation analyses presented they were positively associated, and the local genetic correlation analyses demonstrated they were locally correlated in three genomes. Furthermore, 111 genomic loci were found to be jointly associated with frailty and schizophrenia. Additionally, the tissue enrichment and summary-data-based MR analyses demonstrated the genetic variants related to frailty and schizophrenia have overlapped tissue enrichments and functional genes in the brain. Lastly, the MR results implied there was a bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and schizophrenia.Conclusions and Relevance Our study indicated that frailty and schizophrenia had plenty of shared genetic basis and supported their bidirectional causality. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings in non-European populations.
Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Strategy for the Treatment of
Glioblastoma: A Review
Authors: de Paula Geanne Aparecida , de Paula Mariana Carlomagno , Dutra Jessyca Aparecida Paes , Carvalho Suzana Gonçalves , Di Filippo Leonardo Delello , Oliveira Villanova Janaína Cecília , Chorilli Marlus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor that affects
the central nervous system, with high mortality and low survival. Glioblastoma multiforme treatment
includes resection tumor surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy adjuvants. However,
the drugs used in chemotherapy present some limitations, such as the difficulty of crossing the bloodbrain barrier and resisting the cellular mechanisms of drug efflux. The use of polymeric nanoparticles
has proven to be an effective alternative to circumvent such limitations, as it allows the exploration
of a range of polymeric structures that can be modified in order to control the biodistribution and
cytotoxic effect of the drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles are nanometric in size and allow the
incorporation of targeting ligands on their surface, favoring the transposition of the blood-brain barrier and the delivery of the drug to specific sites, increasing the selectivity and safety of chemotherapy.
The present review has described the characteristics of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(lactic-coglycolic acid), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(β-amino ester), and poly(ε-caprolactone), which are some
of the most commonly used polymers in the manufacture of nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. In addition, some of the main targeting ligands used in these nanosystems are
presented, such as transferrin, chlorotoxin, albumin, epidermal growth factor, and epidermal growth
factor receptor blockers, explored for the active targeting of antiglioblastoma agents.
Recent Advances in Enzyme Inhibition: A Pharmacological Review
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Bhushan Bharat , Mittal Nidhi , Kushwaha Abhishek , Raikwar Chandan Kumar , Sharma Arun Kumar , Chanchal Dilip Kumar , Kumar Shivendra , Agrawal Mohit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Enzyme inhibition is a crucial mechanism for regulating biological processes and developing therapeutic interventions. This pharmacological review summarizes recent advances in enzyme inhibition, focusing on key developments and their implications for drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. It explains basic ideas, including the different kinds of inhibitors and how they work, and looks
at recent advances in small-molecule inhibitor design, fragment-based drug discovery, and virtual
screening techniques. The review also highlights the advances in targeting specific enzyme families,
explaining the structural basis of enzyme-inhibitor interactions, optimizing inhibitor potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, and new trends in enzyme inhibition. The clinical implications of
recent advances in enzyme inhibition include the development of novel therapeutic agents for diseases
like cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The review addresses challenges and future
directions in the field, such as optimizing drug safety, resistance mechanisms, and personalized medicine approaches. Overall, the insights provided in this review may inspire further research and collaborations to accelerate the translation of enzyme inhibitors into effective clinical treatments.
Linking Career Anxiety with Suicide Tendencies among University Undergraduates
Authors: Onyishi Charity N. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Suicide is increasingly becoming a worldwide public health issue. The issue of suicide in universities is one of the most pressing concerns in Nigeria and the world. Yet, it has not been clear the factors that account for increased suicide among university students. This study investigated the link between career anxiety and suicidal tendencies among university undergraduates.

Methods:
The study was cross-sectional correlational and used a sample of 3,501 undergraduates in Nigeria. Career anxiety was measured using the two-factor career anxiety scale (CAS -2). At the same time, suicide tendencies were weighed using the Multi-attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (MAST), and Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scales (SIDAS).

Results:
Data collected were analyzed using percentages to interpret demographic data. Mean and standard deviation was presented for descriptive purposes. Linear regression was used to explore the links between career anxiety and suicidal tendencies at p < 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated that a high level of career anxiety was significantly correlated with increased suicidal tendencies, such as repulsion for life, attraction to death, and suicidal ideation. A low level of career anxiety was associated with decreased suicidal tendencies, characterized by an increased attitude toward attraction to life and repulsion to death.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that students with problematic career anxiety are likely to report a negative attitude toward life, which leads to increased suicidal ideation. Accordingly, career anxiety may cause one to seriously consider or contemplate suicide.
An Unfinished War: The Historiography of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army Problems
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Patryliak Ivan , Pahiria Oleksandr 
Published: November 2023

The article analyses the historiographical process related to the history of Ukrainian nationalism, namely the activities of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in the 1930s–1950s. Drawing on the chronological-terri-torial and conceptual-methodological principles, the authors divide the secondary sources into five main groups: writings by authors of the Ukrainian diaspora, works of Soviet scientists and publicists, post-independence Ukrainian historiography, communist and contemporary Polish historiography, Western history writing. Within each group, key publications are examined through the prism of documentary sources, methodologies, and conceptual approaches, as well as the socio-political context in which they were created.