bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol content and chemical characteristics of fermented beverages in Aceh Province-Indonesia
Authors: Muzaifa M , Abubakar Y , Safrida  , Nilda C , Sapitri M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Kefir and kombucha are known as healthy functional drinks, but the issue of alcohol content still needs to be a concern. Although kombucha and kefir are not categorized as khamr (liquor), the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Fatwa No. 10 of 2018 has stipulated that the alcohol content in fermented beverages is below 0.5%. This research aims to analyze the quality and alcohol content of kefir and kombucha produced by several producers in Aceh Province. A total of 12 samples of fermented beverages were obtained from kefir and kombucha producers. Parameters analyzed were alcohol content, total phenolic compound (TPC) and pH. The results showed that the alcohol content of the fermented beverage obtained ranged from 0.21-0.71%, TPC 0.15-0.81 mg GAE/ml and pH 2.6-4.47. As much as 75% of kombucha samples and 100% of kefir samples contain alcohol above 0.5%. It is necessary to control the alcohol content of fermented beverages so that they can meet sharia and health rules.
Oleamide as palm-oil based substance for silica-loaded styrene butadiene rubber compound: The cure and crosslinks behaviors
Authors: Surya I , Marpongahtun  , Hayeemasae N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Oleamide is an amide substance that can be made from oleic acid of palm oil with urea. Since palm oil is a type of agriculture product, the oleamide is an environment-friendly or (semi) sustainability additive for rubber compounding. In this research, the oleamide was applicated in making the silica-loaded of synthetic rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) at an opened two-roll mills. In this study, effects of oleamide incorporations on cure and level of crosslinks of silica-SBR compounds were observed. The SBR was loaded with thirty parts per hundred (phr) of SBR and, they and other compounding substances i.e., stearic acid, zinc oxide, antioxidant, accelerator, antioxidant and sulphur were compounded with semi-efficient formulation. The oleamide was incorporated with a series of amounts from 2 to 8 phr. It was found that the oleamide incorporations exhibited faster times in cure and scorching; The oleamide also exhibited a lifting up of delta torque and crosslinks level for the silica-SBR compound. The 2 phr incorporation of oleamide to silica-SBR was the optimum concentration which exhibited the greatest delta torque and level of crosslinks of silica-SBR vulcanizate.
Analysis of antioxidant activity of balakka barks and fruits (Phyllanthus emblica) from South Tapanuli
Authors: Addina S , Harahap E S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Balakka (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) is a plant usually found in the South Tapanuli area, specifically in the Padangsidimpuan district. The people of South Tapanuli consume balakka bark as an addition to the “Holat” dishes. Balakka, especially the fruit part, has been widely studied to have various bioactivity useful for health, such as antioxidants, antidiabetic, anticancer, and others. Therefore, this research changed to decide the distinction in the antioxidant activity of the fruit and bark extracts of balakka, which have been extracted with the use of distinct solvents, which are polar (ethanol) and non-polar (N-Hexane) solvents. DPPH method carried out antioxidant activity analysis. The outcomes confirmed that the exceptional solvents used affected the antioxidant activity of the fruit and bark of balakka extract. The antioxidant activity of balakka fruit extracted using ethanol was greater than that of balakka fruit extracted using N-Hexane with an IC50 of 729.66 ± 117.03 ppm. Likewise, the balakka bark extracted using ethanol was larger than the bark extracted using N-Hexane with an IC50 of 1830.23 ± 656.54 ppm. This study concludes that the different solvents used to affect the antioxidant activity produced.
Development of a gel spray formulation based on banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) as an approach to support environmental sustainability
Authors: Rizka R , Yuandani  , Sumaiyah  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Barangan banana’s peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) is one of the most common by-products that are usually disposed in small and large quantities which can cause a serious environmental problem. Spray gel is a type of pharmaceutical preparation that is practical in use. This study aimed to formulate a spray gel preparation from the extract of barangan banana’s peel as an antibacterial agent. Barangan banana’s peel extract was formulated into a spray gel preparation with varying concentrations of F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%). Organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and centrifuge test were carried out. In the antimicrobial activity test, the barangan banana’s peel extract had inhibition zone diameters of 12.0 and 12.3 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. All formulas have stable organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and centrifugation. Additionally, the formulation showed no sign of skin irritation at 24, 48, or 72 hours after the test material of the rabbits. Therefore, it was concluded that spray gel containing banana peel extract could be a very viable option for developing a novel antibacterial agent that is environmentally friendly and may help reducing waste problem.
The effect of dispensing biochar of palm oil empty bunches and palm oil fronds on the population of soil organisms
Authors: Lubis N A , Hidayat B , Sabrina T , Helmi  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Palm oil waste can be utilized as biochar. This was aimed to examine the effect of giving biochar empty palm bunches (EPB) and palm fronds (PF) on soil organism populations for 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. This research was conducted at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Bah Jambi unit plantation with Inceptisol soil type. This research used a randomized design of non-factorial groups with treatment without biochar, biochar EPB, and biochar PF. The results showed that the highest population of organisms was found in the PF biochar, followed by biochar EPB the treatment without biochar had the lowest population. The population of bacteria and macro fauna above ground level on treatment with biochar increased from the 2nd to 6th week, and fungi populations decreased on biochar treatments from 2nd to 6th week of observations. The population of subsurface soil macro fauna increased from the 4th to the 8th week on treatment with biochar. Meanwhile, without biochar, the growth of soil organisms didn’t show significant changes. The highest soil respiration was obtained in the EPB biochar treatment, followed by PF biochar and subsequently without biochar treatment. Soil respiration increased every week until the 8th week.
Economic feasibility and development strategy of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cultivation in urban areas to meet the needs of timber and green open space
Authors: Purwoko A , Priyanto  , Manalu C , Daulay U A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rapid population growth causes the demand for wood to increase. On the other hand, the city’s need for a minimum of 30% green open space is still far from enough. One of the solutions to meet the demand for wood and the lack of good green open space is the development of plantation forest cultivation. One of the fast-growing species to be developed in urban areas is jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). This study aims to determine the value and economic feasibility as well as strategies for developing sustainable jabon cultivation businesses in urban areas. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis in the form of economic value assessment, business feasibility analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the economic value of Jabon plantations aged 3-5 years was IDR 40,083,106/ha (USD 2,626.7/ha). The business feasibility test resulted in an NPV value of IDR -38,474,957 (USD -2,520), an IRR value of 0.8%, and a BCR of 0.262, and all three were included in the “not feasible” category. Based on the SWOT analysis, the business position is in quadrant I. An offensive development strategy is suggested by optimizing the strengths and opportunities that are owned so that the cultivation of jabon plants can be attractive as a financially viable business and increase green open spaces in urban areas.
Forest integrated assessment, biodiversity and carbon stocks analysis in Konsu Mandiri Sejahtera (KMS) social forestry, Lamandau, Indonesia
Authors: Maimunah S , Martius  , Iswadi  , Lubis AFP , Amin AM , Fathurrahman A , Samek J H , Supriyanto B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro (BGA) is a great oil palm corporation that has ideas of assisting communities in community groups to maintain their forests in a sustainable and socioeconomically profitable manner as is done in Konsu Mandiri Sejahtera (KMS). The activities carried out include training to collecting the potential data of the forest, non timber forest product potential, forest benefits, biodiversity, ecosystem services including carbon calculation. Through this activity, it is hoped that there will be a transfer of knowledge with the hope that managers will have competence in identifying and managing biodiversity. This research reports the number of carbon stock, wood volume, tree density, biodiversity values and forest benefits indices for KMS forest. The results showed that the forest usefulness for the community. The condition of the existing forest is partly illegally cleared by the community for agriculture, which is still forested only in areas with rugged topographic conditions, with good forest conditions. The wildlife encountered is very diverse and encounter in the form of footprints, hearing, seeing, nests and feces. KMS forest has some directly beneficial and culturally beneficial/local wisdom and potentially developed by PT BGA collaboration in terms of forest conservation and improving the welfare of communities.
Physical properties of five species of twigs from mangrove forest
Authors: Nuryawan A , Syahputra R S , Risnasari I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The physical characteristics of the twigs of five different species of mangrove, including moisture content (MC), density, and specific gravity, have been studied. Using gravimetric analysis, the procedures were measured in accordance with ASTM D4442 and D2395, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the statistical analysis, using complete random design with two factors, namely 1) presence of bark (with and without bark) and 2) species of the mangroves, consisted of Buta-buta (Excoeceria agallocha), Api-api (Avicenia marina), Bakau hitam (Rhizopora mucronata), Bakau minyak (Rhizopora apiculata), dan Mata buaya (Bruguera sexangula). Additionally, the Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to assess how the samples differed from one another. Results of this study revealed that twigs have had higher MC with presence of bark and the value showed up to 86%. Density of the samples showed a same tendency with the specific gravity however the measurement values were higher than those of the literatures presumably because of the presence of water, bark, and the irregular form of the twigs. From this point, utilization of the twigs was still limited because of the variation of the properties.
Phytoplankton abundance and trophic status of Belawan Waters, North Sumatra
Authors: Ginting T A , Barus T A , Wahyuningsih H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Belawan is a district of Medan City and one of estuary areas in North Sumatra that is currently facing pollution due to anthropogenic activities. The study analysed the abundance of phytoplankton and assessed the marine trophic status of Belawan waters to determine the possibility of eutrophication caused by human activities. Water samples were collected from four sampling stations in October 2020: a ship dock (Station-1), a fishery (Station-2), a mangrove area (Station-3), and an estuarine region (Station-4). The abundance of phytoplankton was analysed under a light microscope, and the trophic status of Belawan waters was determined using the Tropical Index for Marine Systems (TRIX), which considers factors such as chlorophyll a content, oxygen saturation, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. The phytoplankton abundance was found to range from 160 ind/L at the ship dock (Station-1) to 241 ind/L at the fishery (Station-2) site. The results indicated a high fertility (hypereutrophic) with a TRIX value greater than 6.0 at both the ship dock (Station-1) and the fishery site (Station-2) in Belawan waters.
Bioeconomic analysis of mackerel resources management (Rastrelliger sp.) at Malacca Strait, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Hasibuan J S , Ramadan M R , Desrita  , Manurung V R , Susetya I E , Sabila P S , Dewinta A F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) is one of the main catch fisheries at Malacca Strait Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara. This research aims to estimate mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) resource potential with a bioeconomic model for mackerel resources sustainability landed at Tanjung Beringin. This research was conducted in July – September 2021. The method of research used the purposive sampling method. The surplus production method to estimate the Maximum Sustainable Potential (MSY) and the Gordon Schaefer Bioeconomic Model. The total sample fish of Indian mackerel were 272 individuals. The research showed bioeconomic analysis with Schaefer’s surplus production model approach shows that the optimum production rate is 359 tons and the optimum effort is 12148 trips. The Mackerel resources indicate to be biological overfishing.
The growth of the seaweed Sargassum plagiophyllum using different planting distance
Authors: Hardamin  , Aslan L O M , Iba W , Aslin L O , Ruslaini  , Balubi M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Planting distance, a distance between seaweed clumps, has become an important part to increase growth for seaweed cultivation. However, there are very few studies related to the planting distance (PD) of Sargassum plagiophyllum done in Indonesia. In this study, three different PDs: 10, 15 and 20 cm were used as treatments with 3 replications. The results showed that 20-cm PDs had higher Daily Growth Rate (DGR) than those of other two treatments. The highest growth rate of S. plagiophyllum for 36 days experiment was found in 20-cm PD (4.95 ± 0.97%/day). It was followed by 15-cm PD (4.18 ± 1.32%/day) and 10-cm (3.28 ± 0.91%/day), respectively. The mean DGRs obtained in this study were higher than those of a study of Sargassum culture done in Indonesia and an international standard of DGR.
Study of broiler chicken performance with different lighting time and vitamin B-Complex doses in close house
Authors: Hasibuan K S , Tafsin M , Umar S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the performance of broiler chickens after receiving different exposure times and doses of vitamin B complex injection in a close house. Broiler chickens reared from DOC will get different lighting treatment and dose of vitamin B complex injection from 15 to 31 days of age. The treatments were N1 (24 hours), N2 (22 hours) and N3 (20 hours) while the doses of vitamin B complex were given at V0 (0.0 cc), V1 (0.5 cc), V2 (1 0.0 cc), and V3 (1.0 + vitamin A D E, 0.2 cc). Chickens will be placed in research plots each containing 36 birds with a separate plot design method. The results obtained in the analysis of feed consumption and body weight gain showed a very significant effect, FCR and IP did not show a significant effect and with dose treatment did not show a significant interaction. The conclusions obtained is to achieve maximum performance in broiler rearing, 24-hour lighting is needed, which can affect feed consumption and body weight gain of chickens. There is no stress effect so that the injection of vitamin B complex does not really need to be given into the chicken’s body.
Giving earthworm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) to the total population of Salmonella sp. in the small intestine of super native chickens infected with Salmonella sp
Authors: Mirwandhono E , Sihotang H W , Br Ketaren N , Hasnudi  , Wahyuni T H , Nasution M I A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Salmonella is a zoonotic infectious disease. Giving antibiotics to control this disease can result in residues so that microbes become resistant. This study aims to determine the ability of earthworm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) in controlling the growth of Salmonella sp. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and six replications. The treatment composed of control (P0), infection without antibiotics (P1), infection + Trimezyn-S (P2), infection + 50 mg earthworm meal (P3), and infection + 100 mg earthworm flour (P4). The results showed that giving earthworm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) as much as 100 mg resulted in the growth of Salmonella sp. lower and can compensate for the administration of Trimezyn-S antibiotics in super native chickens.
Hybrid office work in women and men: do directly measured physical behaviors differ between days working from home and days working at the office?
Authors: Wahlström Viktoria , Januario Leticia Bergamin , Mathiassen Svend Erik , Heiden Marina , Hallman David M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We investigated and compared temporal sitting patterns among male and female hybrid office workers when working at the office (WAO), working from home (WFH), and for non-working days (NWD).

Methods
We analyzed data collected in 2020 among 165 hybrid office workers, carrying thigh-worn accelerometers for 938 days in total. Day type (WAO, WFH, or NWD) and time in bed were identified using diaries. Time awake was exhaustively classified as non-sitting time and time sitting in short, moderate, and long bouts. Effects of day type and gender on the 24-h compositions of physical behaviors were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models.

Results
During workdays (both WAO and WFH), workers spent less time in bed and more time sitting, particularly in moderate and long bouts, than during NWD. Time in bed was longer when working from home than when working at the office, and more of the awake time was spent sitting. Differences between WAO and WFH in ratios between short, moderate, and long bouts of sitting were small and inconsistent. Men spent more time sitting than women, and more time in moderate and long sitting bouts relative to short bouts.

Conclusions
When working from home, hybrid office workers sat more during their hours awake compared to when working at the office. Sitting time was larger during working days than during non-working days and was higher in men than in women. These results may contribute to support organizational policies for hybrid work.
Laboratory study of the effectiveness of substituting traditional wheat flour with low dust flour and use of different sieve designs as controls to reduce exposure to inhalable flour dust in commercial bakeries
Authors: Pocock Dominic , Hall Samantha , Bennett Steven , Darnton Lucy , Molloy Marian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Exposure to flour dust remains one of the leading causes of occupational asthma in Great Britain (GB). The average annual incidence rate per 100,000 bakers and flour confectioners in GB was 47.8 for the 3 yr period 2017 to 2019 compared with 0.53 for all occupations. There are many processes in commercial bakeries that can cause exposure to flour dust. Exposures are typically controlled by using local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protective equipment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential to reduce exposure to inhalable flour dust in commercial bakeries by modification of the process by use of a conical sieve in place of a round sieve; and substitution of traditional wheat flour (TWF) with ‘low dust’ flours LD1 and LD2 for dusting surfaces. Two simulated commercial bakery tasks were performed in a laboratory whilst dust exposures were measured in the breathing zone of the operator using an Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler, button sampler and a real-time direct reading monitor. Analysis of variance tests were used to assess whether differences in mean exposures were statistically significant with the different control approaches. A qualitative visual exposure assessment was also undertaken using Tyndall illumination. Substituting TWF with LD1 and LD2 reduced exposure to inhalable flour dust by 86% and 53% respectively when sieving and by 78% and 67% respectively when filling a hopper. There was no statistically significant difference between dust emissions for all 3 flours when using the conical sieve instead of the round sieve for flour dusting tasks. This laboratory study has shown that substituting TWF with low-dust flour may reduce inhalable dust exposures when dusting surfaces in bakeries.
Humanity for Habitat: Residential Yards as an Opportunity for Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Lerman Susannah B , Larson Kelli L , Narango Desirée L , Goddard Mark A , Marra Peter P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The primary threat to biodiversity is habitat loss and degradation. Private residential land (yards) encompass large proportions of urban, suburban, and rural spaces and is among the most rapidly expanding systems on Earth. Yards also represent a conservation opportunity to provide wildlife habitat, support biodiversity, restore ecosystem function and ecosystem services, and increase local opportunities for people to connect with nature. In the present article, we propose a humanity for habitat stewardship practice by synthesizing the evidence-based yard management actions that can advance the conservation value of yards, with a focus on benefits to biodiversity, climate resiliency, and people. The magnitude and extent of yard management might differ, depending on the region, specific management practices, the yard’s size, and the yard’s location along the urban to rural gradient. We detail opportunities, challenges, and strategies for encouraging stronger public participation in conservation through yard stewardship to facilitate biodiversity-friendly residential landscapes that benefit wildlife and people.