bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Spatiotemporal Fishing Effort of Trawlers with Vessel-Monitoring System Data: A Case Study of the Sea Area of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China
Authors: Li Dan , Lu Feng , Xu Shuo , Liu Huiyuan , Xue Muhan , Cui Guohui , Ma Zhenhua , Fang Hui , Wang Yu 
Published: December 2023

Measuring the distribution of the fishing effort of trawlers is of great significance for describing marine fishery activities, quantifying fishing systems in terms of marine ecological pressure, and revising the regulations of fishing. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient learning algorithm to detect the fishing behavior of trawlers to analyze the distribution of fishing effort. The vessel-monitoring system data of more than 4600 trawlers from September 2019 to April 2023 were used for feature extraction. According to the spatiotemporal information provided by the vessel position data, 11-dimensional features were extracted to form the feature vectors. A Slime Mould Algorithm-optimized Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (SMA-LightGBM) algorithm was proposed to classify the feature vectors to recognize fishing behavior. The presented method showed a remarkable generalization ability and high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient in the test results, with scores of 98.23%, 98.75%, 97.75%, and 0.9646, respectively. Subsequently, the trained model was used to identify the fishing behavior of trawlers belonging to the coastal provinces of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in the sea area of 117° E~132° E, 26° N~41° N. The fishing effort was calculated and evaluated according to the fishing behavior recognition results. The mean absolute error was 0.3031 kW·h, and the coefficient of determination score was 0.9772. The thermal map of the fishing effort of the trawler was mapped, and the spatiotemporal characteristics were estimated in the region of interest from 2019 to 2023 with a spatial resolution of 18 degree × 18 degree. This method is an efficient way of analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the fishing effort of trawlers. It provides a quantitative basis for the assessment of fishery resources and can inform fishing policies.
Seasonal Changes in Nycthemeral Availability of Sympatric Temperate Mixed Forest Rodents: The Predators’ Perspective
Authors: Probst Remo , Probst Renate 
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and Apodemus mice are of exceptional importance as prey for predators in temperate mixed forests. We hypothesized that overall prey availability would increase linearly with prey frequency, and that the daylight hours, which are considered particularly dangerous, would be used only during seasonal rodent population peaks and only in the twilight hours. (2) Methods: We conducted a two-year camera-trapping study in an inner alpine mixed forest and collected 19,138 1 min videos in 215 camera-trap nights. Prey availability was defined as the pseudo-replication-limited maximum number of the respective rodent taxon per 30 min period, summed per season. (3) Results: Overall prey availability increased with frequency, i.e., the maximum number of rodent individuals per camera-trap night. Seasonally, Apodemus mice were particularly available to predators in the summer and bank voles in the autumn after a tree mast year. In both cases, this was accompanied by a significant increase in diurnal availability. During the population peak of Apodemus mice, the nocturnal availability of bank voles decreased without a concurrent increase in absolute diurnal availability, even though the significant relative shift to diurnal activity superficially suggested this. Bank voles were active throughout the day, while Apodemus mice were nocturnal and (rarely) crepuscular. (4) Conclusions: Availability of rodents to predators, especially during daylight hours, was mainly dependent on their tree mast-induced increased frequencies. Bank voles likewise responded strongly to interspecific competition with the larger and aggressive Apodemus mice, which negatively affected availability to predators. At our seasonal level of evaluation, we conclude that nycthemeral availability of forest-dwelling rodents to generalist predators of temperate mixed forests is predominantly driven by bottom-up mechanisms.
Comparison of Antibacterial Activities of Korean Pine (Pinus densiflora) Needle Steam Distillation Extract on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Focusing on Membrane Fluidity and Genes Involved in Membrane Lipids and Stress
Authors: Zhang Ya , Chung Woo-Kyung , Moon Su-Hyun , Lee Jeoung-Gyu , Om Ae-Son 
Published: December 2023

The antibacterial activity and mechanism of Pinus densiflora extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The growth inhibition tests of paper diffusion and optical density exhibited that the extracts have potent antibacterial potentials against foodborne pathogens. The measurement of membrane fluidity by fluorescence polarization has indicated that one of the antibacterial mechanisms involves the disruption of membrane integrity resulting in an increase in the membrane fluidity in both of E. coli and S. aureus. The alteration of fatty acid composition was accompanied by the disturbance of membranes thus shifting the proportion of saturated verses unsaturated fatty acids or trans fatty acids from 1.27:1 to 1.35:1 in E. coli and 1.47:1 to 2.31:1 in S. aureus, most likely to compensate for the increased membrane fluidity by means of a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids which is known to render rigidity in membranes. Realtime q-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis of fatty acid synthetic genes and bacterial stress genes revealed that there was minimal influence of P. densiflora extracts on fatty acid genes except for fab I and the stress rpos in E. coli, and relatively greater impact on fatty acid genes and the stress sigB in S. aureus.
Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid Can Improve Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Cotton Cultivars under Salt Stress
Authors: Dong Zhiduo , Huang Jian , Qi Tong , Meng Ajing , Fu Qiuping , Fu Yanbo , Xu Fei 
Published: December 2023

Excessive salt content in soil has adverse effects on cotton production, especially during the germination and seedling stages. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important active substance that is expected to improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stresses. This study focused on two cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.: Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62) and investigated the impact of exogenous GABA (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mM) on seed germination, seedling growth, and related morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators under salt stress (150 mM NaCl). The results showed that salt stress significantly reduced the germination rate and germination index of cotton seeds (decreased by 20.34% and 32.14% for Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62, respectively), leading to decreased seedling height and biomass and causing leaf yellowing. Salt stress induced osmotic stress in seedlings, resulting in ion imbalance (marked reduction in K+/Na+ ratio) and oxidative damage. Under salt stress conditions, exogenous GABA increased the germination rate (increased by 10.64~23.40% and 2.63~31.58% for Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62, respectively) and germination index of cotton seeds, as well as plant height and biomass. GABA treatment improved leaf yellowing. Exogenous GABA treatment increased the content of proline and soluble sugars, with varying effects on betaine. Exogenous GABA treatment reduced the Na+ content in seedlings, increased the K+ content, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio (increased by 20.44~28.08% and 29.54~76.33% for Tahe 2 and Xinluzhong 62, respectively). Exogenous GABA treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, but had a negative impact on catalase activity. In conclusion, exogenous GABA effectively improved cotton seed germination. By regulating osmoprotectant levels, maintaining ion homeostasis, and alleviating oxidative stress, GABA mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress on cotton seedling growth.
Population Structure and Genetic Diversity Analyses Provide New Insight into the Endemic Species Aster spathulifolius Maxim. and Its Evolutionary History
Authors: Raman Gurusamy , Choi Kyoung Su , Park SeonJoo 
Published: December 2023

Aster spathulifolius, an ecologically significant plant species native to the coastal regions of Korea and Japan, remains understudied in terms of its genetic structure and evolutionary history. In this study, we employed four chloroplast markers and the nuclear ITS region from 15 populations of A. spathulifolius from both Korea and Japan, including their islands, to unravel the spatial genetic structure, differentiation, gene flow, phylogenetic, and biogeographical relationships. Analysis based on multiple methods identified a low level of genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and gene flow among A. spathulifolius populations. Network analysis and principal coordinates analysis showed that 15 populations could be divided into two groups: mainland and island. Furthermore, UPGMA, neighbor-net, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference-based phylogenetic tree confirmed that these populations formed two distinct clades. Therefore, the island populations might be treated as A. spathulifolius populations rather than A. oharai populations. Divergence time analysis estimated the divergence of A. spathulifolius lineages approximately 23.09 million years ago, while ancestral area reconstruction analysis suggested Korea as the potential origin, conflicting with alternative scenarios. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary history, genetic structure, and adaptive strategies of A. spathulifolius in coastal environments. Our study challenges previous assumptions and underscores the necessity for further population studies to elucidate the intricate dynamics of this distinctive plant species.
THE DIFFERENCES OF HEMATOCRIT LEVEL IN IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED BLOOD SAMPLES ON MICROHEMATOCRIT METHOD
Authors: Dwijastuti Ni Made Sri , Damarta I Ketut Ari , Widiantari Ni Putu 
Published: December 2023

Background: Hematology specimen examination should be performed at room temperature in less than 2 hours. Recommended specimen storage temperatures are in the range of 2°- 6°C. However, examining laboratory samples with uncertain storage time and temperature is often delayed. Aims: To determine the difference between the hematocrit values of blood samples examined immediately and those that were delayed for more than 2 hours at room temperature. Methods: This study was conducted from April to June 2023 at the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory of Universitas Bali Internasional. A total of 24 venous blood samples were grouped into three treatment groups that were stored for 3 hours (P1), 6 hours (P2), and 12 hours (P3) at room temperature (18-220C), and one control group was examined immediately. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (α=0.05). The results: Statistical tests showed that the comparison of control with P1 was not significantly different (p=0.313), while the comparison of control with P2 (p=0.003) and the control with P3 (p=0.000) was significantly different. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in hematocrit values between blood samples examined immediately and blood samples delayed for 3 hours. Significant differences in hematocrit values were shown in comparing blood samples examined immediately with blood samples delayed for 6 hours and examined immediately with blood samples delayed for 12 hours.
THE APPEARANCE OF A MULTIPATH RADAR FOR DETECTING SMALL-SIZED AERIAL TARGETS
Authors: Никоненко А.В. , Чиров Д.С. , Кучумов А.А. 
Published: December 2023

Рассмотрен облик многолучевой радиолокационной станции обнаружения низколетящих малоразмерныx воздушныx 6%+%). Оказана возможность обнаружения малоразмерных целей в 8ирокой контролируемой зоне на дальности до 10 км за время, не превы8ающее одной секунды. Ключевые слова: многолучевая радиолокационная станция, диаграмма направленности антенны, обнаружение малоразмерных целей, беспилотный летательный аппарат.
The appearance of a multipath radar station for detecting low-flying small-sized aerial targets is considered. The possibility of detecting small-sized targets in a wide controlled area at a range of up to ten kilometers in a time not exceeding one second is shown. Keywords: multipath radar, antenna pattern, detection of small targets, unmanned aerial vehicle.
On the differentiation of the elements of crimes provided for in Articles 109, 118 and 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, concerning medical workers: comparative legal analysis
Authors: As'kov Nikolay , Petrova Tatiana 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The relevance of the study is dictated by the need to solve the problem of qualification of the acts of medical workers in their professional activities in accordance with Articles 109, 118 and 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, based on the elements of the corpus delicti. The article examines the features of the elements of the corpus delicti provided for by the above articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation concerning medical workers, indicates the signs of their similarities and differences in these compositions, gaps in current legislation and shortcomings of normative regulation of medical activities, which are the cause of mistakes of law enforcement officers in the qualification of crimes.
The purpose of the study is to analyze these gaps and shortcomings and to give proposals for solving these problems.
Methods. General scientific dialectical and formal-logical methods are used in the study.
Results. The results of the study show that, despite the solid judicial practice concerning elements of crimes under consideration, law enforcement officers are far from a unified approach in applying Articles 109, 118 and 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation when qualifying the acts of medical workers in the process of their professional activities. The authors have proposed several ways of solving the problems of incorrect qualification of these acts according to the Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Face Ourselves: Striving for Antiracism in a Non-Profit
Authors: Rice-Boothe Mary B. , Fischer Marianna G. , Nagler Nikki , Jarney Michelle D. ,   The Leadership Academy Staff
Published: December 2023

Advancing racial equity in workplaces requires ongoing and structural change. Organizations invested in this work need to view equity not as a checkbox, but as a continuous process of examination and change to organizational culture (Winters, 2020). In 2014, The Leadership Academy, a national education non-profit, began their journey to becoming an antiracist workplace. Through participatory action research methods, we focused on dismantling inequities and building empowerment, being iterative, and spurring staff’s greater awareness and action. Our journey has been undergirded by core elements of participatory research. We anchored ourselves in a commitment to supporting varying interests, perspectives, and styles of communication and participation. Here, we share what we produced and the practices we used, supported by lessons learned across our journey. We changed strategic plans, policies, and guiding values to be overtly antiracist, and we did so by supporting the voices and experiences of staff of color and spurring more involvement and accountability among white staff. These practices included affinity spaces, balancing small workgroups with whole-group discussions, and asynchronous work options. External facilitators were instrumental in helping us disrupt the structures and processes embedded in our organization; they held a mirror so we would truly face ourselves. We learned critical lessons about transparency, change management, flexibility, and relationships. Our antiracism journey at The Leadership Academy will never be done. Our dedicated, participant-led efforts yielded substantial shifts. We are eager to continue learning and pursuing deeper antiracist practices.
OPTIMALISASI RESIN PENUKAR ION PADA PROSES DEMINERALISASI AIR TANAH
Authors: Nugraha Ivan , Arif Muhammad Amrizal , Setyawati Harimbi 
Published: December 2023

Air tanah memiliki karakteristik berbeda dengan kualitas air permukaan yang memiliki kandungan mineral cukup tinggi. Air demineral merupakan air yang kandungan mineralnya sudah hilang memiliki peranan penting dalam proses industri. Proses pengolahan air demineral dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara yaitu distilasi, reverse osmosis dan deionisasi. Pada proses deionisasi inilah proses pengolahan air menggunakan metode Ion Exchange. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ion exchange. Resin yang digunakan untuk proses pembuatan air demineral yaitu resin kation MC-08 dan anion MA-12. Resin kation diaktivasi dengan menggunakan HCl dan resin anion diaktivasi menggunakan NaOH. Untuk mengetahui air tanah itu sudah berubah menjadi air demineral dilakukan pengukuran Total Dissolved Solid dan konduktivitas listrik sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Total Dissolved Solids mencapai 0 ppm dan konduktivitas listrik 0 µS/cm pada variabel ketinggian resin 15 cm, debit air 2,5 liter per menit dan waktu operasi 35 menit.
REMOTE SENSING OF THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND THERMAL POLLUTION SOURCES IN THE CITY OF BELGOROD, RUSSIA
Authors: Сарычев Д.В. , Попова И.В. , Куролап С.А. 
Published: December 2023

Изучение явления положительной температурной аномалии в городе, «городского остров тепла», и процессов, причиной которых он является, – актуальная научная задача, стоящая на стыке научных направлений, – градостроительства, географии и климатологии, геоэкологии. Использование и анализ результатов дистанционного зондирования Земли, в частности космической съемки в тепловом диапазоне, является широко применяемым и перспективным методом изучения пространственной структуры городских островов тепла. В работе выполнен анализ материалов космической съемки, полученных с аппаратов Landsat 8 и 9 в период с 2020 по 2022 гг. для территории города Белгород. С учетом требований к качеству снимков в исследовании тепловых аномалий было отобрано 5 «зимних» и 5 «летних» снимков за 2022 год. В результате обработки отобранных снимков, были получены мультивременные снимки, по которым построены карты вариаций температур подстилающей поверхности над фоном, на основе которых были установлены местоположения основных 17 источников теплового загрязнения. Поверхностные температуры их очагов были в среднем выше фоновых значений приблизительно на 4…10 °С зимой и 10…15 °С – летом. Результаты исследования формируют информационно-методическую основу для дальнейшего мониторинга теплового загрязнения в городах Центрального Черноземья.
Studying the phenomenon of a positive temperature anomaly in the city, the urban heat island, and the processes that cause it, is an urgent scientific task that stands at the intersection of scientific fields, namely urban planning, geography and climatology, geoecology. The use and analysis of the results of remote sensing of the Earth, in particular space imaging in the thermal range, is a widely used and promising method for studying the spatial structure of urban heat islands. The article analyzed satellite imagery materials obtained from Landsat 8 and 9 in the period from 2020 to 2022 for the territory of the city of Belgorod. Taking into account the requirements for the quality of images in the study of thermal anomalies, we selected 5 «winter» and 5 «summer» images for 2022. As a result of processing the selected images we obtained multi-temporal images, on the basis of which we created maps of temperature variations of the underlying surface above the background; later we determined there locations of the main 17 sources of thermal pollution. Surface temperatures of these locations were approximately 4-10 degrees above background in winter and 10…15 degrees in summer, respectively. Our findings and produced maps form a geodatabase and contribute to further thermal pollution monitoring in urban areas of the Black Earth Region.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Usaha Donat Singkong di Kampung Cahaya Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Maksum Asep , Arsyad Aisyah , Amarasuli Diaz , Permana Adli Faritz Muzakki 
Published: December 2023

<p><em>Ibu-ibu di Kampung Cahaya, Jakarta merupakan kaum marginal yang tidak mempunyai penghasilan tetap dan rentan terhadap kemiskinan. Lokasi Kampung Cahaya berada di sekitar perkantoran Kasablanka dengan banyak karyawan yang membutuhkan makanan untuk jajanan atau cemilan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan Ibu-Ibu Kampung Cahaya dengan melatih pembuatan, pemasaran dan analisis usaha donat singkong. Inovasi dalam bahan baku pembuatan produk donat telah banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Singkong adalah jenis tumbuhan umbi-umbian yang banyak dijual di pasar daerah Jakarta. Pengolahan donat dari singkong merupakan inovasi produk sebagai bahan pengganti tepung terigu yang mengandung gluten. Usaha donat berbahan singkong masih jarang dilakukan oleh para usaha sejenis dalam makanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah melalui sosialisasi produk donat singkong dan potensi usahanya. Selain itu dilakukan pelatihan pembuatan produk, dan teknik pemasaran melalui Whatsapp, serta pendampingan dalam usaha donat. Hasil yang didapatkan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memberikan manfaat bagi Ibu-Ibu untuk membuat usaha donat singkong secara berkelanjutan dengan sistem pre-order dari warga sekitar.</em></p><p><strong>Kata kunci<em>: Donat Singkong, Teknik Pengolahan Singkong, Analisis Usaha.</em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p>
Pendampingan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan dan Laporan RAT Berbasis Sistem Informasi Pada Koperasi di Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Tjahjaningsih Yustina Suhandini , Kartini Dwi Putri , Musyaffa Nasywa Alya , Hudzafidah Khusnik , Febriyanti Bella Susi 
Published: December 2023

Kurangnya kemampuan manajerial dalam pembuatan laporan Keuangan dan Laporan RAT yang berbasis sistem informasi di Kota Probolinggo perlu mendapatkan perhatian dan merupakan kesenjangan yang harus segera dicarikan solusinya. Hal ini tidak sejalan dengan kebijakan pemerintah yang mendorong digitalisasi dalam pembuatan laporan keuangan dan RAT. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah koperasi-koperasi di bawah pembinaan Dekopinda Kota Probolinggo mempunyai peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan berbasis sistem informasi, sehingga akan mampu mengatasi persoalan manajerial dalam kompetensi pembuatan laporan keuangan dan laporan RAT. Metode yang digunakan dengan melakukan pendampingan, pelatihan dan diskusi dengan para pengurus koperasi dikaitkan dengan digitalisasi laporan keuangan dan RAT. Hasil dari pendampingan dan pelaksanaan pelatihan, semua peserta menyatakan mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan dan RAT berbasis sistem informasi. Sedangkan pemahaman peserta terhadap materi yang disampaikan nara sumber menyatakan bahwa 88 % paham, 94 % menyatakan penting dalam membantu pembuatan laporan keuangan dan RAT pada masing masing koperasi.