bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hexagonal Boron Nitride Slab Waveguides for Enhanced Spectroscopy of Encapsulated 2D Materials
Authors: LaGasse Samuel W. , Proscia Nicholas V. , Cress Cory D. , Fonseca Jose J. , Cunningham Paul D. , Janzen Eli , Edgar James H. , Pennachio Daniel J. , Culbertson James , Zalalutdinov Maxim , Robinson Jeremy T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe layered insulator hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a critical substrate that brings out the exceptional intrinsic properties of two‐dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this work, the authors demonstrate how hBN slabs tuned to the correct thickness act as optical waveguides, enabling direct optical coupling of light emission from encapsulated layers into waveguide modes. Molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) and tungsten selenide (WSe2) are integrated within hBN‐based waveguides and demonstrate direct coupling of photoluminescence emitted by in‐plane and out‐of‐plane transition dipoles (bright and dark excitons) to slab waveguide modes. Fourier plane imaging of waveguided photoluminescence from MoSe2 demonstrates that dry etched hBN edges are an effective out‐coupler of waveguided light without the need for oil‐immersion optics. Gated photoluminescence of WSe2 demonstrates the ability of hBN waveguides to collect light emitted by out‐of‐plane dark excitons.Numerical simulations explore the parameters of dipole placement and slab thickness, elucidating the critical design parameters and serving as a guide for novel devices implementing hBN slab waveguides. The results provide a direct route for waveguide‐based interrogation of layered materials, as well as a way to integrate layered materials into future photonic devices at arbitrary positions whilst maintaining their intrinsic properties.
Manganese@Albumin Nanocomplex and Its Assembled Nanowire Activate TLR4‐Dependent Signaling Cascades of Macrophages
Authors: Huang Shuodan , Gao Yan , Li Huiying , Wang Ruoran , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Xiaoyu , Huang Di , Zhang Linxuan , Santos Hélder A. , Yin Zhenyu , Xia Bing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe immunomodulatory effect of divalent manganese cations (Mn2+), such as activation of the cGAS−STING pathway or NLRP3 inflammasomes, positions them as adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, it is found that trace Mn2+ ions, bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form Mn@BSA nanocomplexes, stimulate pro‐inflammatory responses in human‐ or murine‐derived macrophages through TLR4‐mediated signaling cascades. Building on this, the assembly of Mn@BSA nanocomplexes to obtain nanowire structures enables stronger and longer‐lasting immunostimulation of macrophages by regulating phagocytosis. Furthermore, Mn@BSA nanocomplexes and their nanowires efficiently activate peritoneal macrophages, reprogramme tumor‐associated macrophages, and inhibit the growth of melanoma tumors in vivo. They also show better biosafety for potential clinical applications compared to typical TLR4 agonists such as lipopolysaccharides. Accordingly, the findings provide insights into the mechanism of metalloalbumin complexes as potential TLR agonists that activate macrophage polarization and highlight the importance of their nanostructures in regulating macrophage‐mediated innate immunity.
Tandem Electro‐Thermo‐Catalysis for the Oxidative Aminocarbonylation of Arylboronic Acids to Amides from CO2 and Water
Authors: Mei Guoliang , Lu Yanze , Yang Xiaoju , Chen Sanxia , Yang Xuan , Yang Li‐Ming , Tang Conghui , Sun Yujie , Xia Bao Yu , You Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDirect CO2 electroreduction to valuable chemicals is critical for carbon neutrality, while its main products are limited to simple C1/C2 compounds, and traditionally, the anodic O2 byproduct is not utilized. We herein report a tandem electrothermo‐catalytic system that fully utilizes both cathodic (i.e., CO) and anodic (i.e., O2) products during overall CO2 electrolysis to produce valuable organic amides from arylboronic acids and amines in a separate chemical reactor, following the Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative aminocarbonylation mechanism. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT)‐incorporated silver and nickel hydroxide carbonate electrocatalysts were prepared for efficient coproduction of CO and O2 with Faradaic efficiencies of 99.3 % and 100 %, respectively. Systematic experiments, operando attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations and theoretical studies reveal that HMT promotes *CO2 hydrogenation/*CO desorption for accelerated CO2‐to‐CO conversion, and O2 inhibits reductive deactivation of the Pd(II) catalyst for enhanced oxidative aminocarbonylation, collectively leading to efficient synthesis of 10 organic amides with high yields of above 81 %. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of a tandem electrothermo‐catalytic strategy for economically attractive CO2 conversion and amide synthesis, representing a new avenue to explore the full potential of CO2 utilization.
Untargeted metabolomics investigating porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus biomarkers of serum‐derived exosomes in piglets infected with PRRSV NADC30‐like CHsx1401
Authors: Cheng Feng , Li Jia , Zhou Chunxiang , Zhou Lei , Lan Ganqiu , Liang Jing , Wang Lixian , Wang Ligang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most severe swine diseases in the pig industry. The identification of biomarkers for PRRSV infection is valuable for controlling, eliminating, and treating PRRSV. This study utilized the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolite profiling platform to identify differential metabolites in exosomes between the control and NADC30‐like PRRSV strain infected pigs. Using multivariate analysis combined with univariate analysis, unsupervised principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models were constructed between the groups. A total of 41 differential metabolites were detected, with 14 upregulated and 27 downregulated metabolites with PRRSV infection. MetaboAnalyst and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to identify potentially relevant significant pathways, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to quantify the predictive performance of differential metabolites. The results indicated that tryptophan‐related L‐kynurenine, 5‐hydroxytryptophan, and D (+)‐tryptophan significantly increased among PRRSV infected groups, which may play an important role in the progression of PRRSV infection. Metabolites related to amino acid synthesis and metabolism, including 2‐arachidonoylglycerol Lysopcs and phosphatidylcholines may also contribute to the lack of immune protection in piglets after PRRSV infection. Moreover, L‐kynurenine and taurocholic acid may serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis or drug targeting of PRRSV. Overall, these findings provide an important reference to our understanding of PRRS pathogenesis and immune or protective responses during PRRSV acute infection in the host.
Lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton using brain–computer interface based on multiband filtering with classifier fusion
Authors: Lin Chih‐Jer , Sie Ting‐Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we propose two adaptive frameworks based on evolutionary algorithms for improving the accuracy of motor imagery (MI) task classification. In an MI task, each participant has a different reaction time delay. In this study, the reaction delay was used as a parameter. Specifically, the time point after the reaction delay was defined as the starting point (SP) when MI began. Various classification and optimization algorithms were employed. The methods include the use of a fixed and dynamic SP for each individual, a genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), spatial filter tuning, the use of common spatial patterns, linear discriminant analysis, bagged decision trees, convolutional neural network (CNN), and long short‐term memory (LSTM). Moreover, a dynamic optimization method for multiband filtering (MBF) method for the subbands of EEG signals was developed that improved accuracy by 5.4%. Combining MBF with bagged decision trees with PSO‐optimized parameters achieved the highest accuracy of 82.3%. Moreover, after optimization by PSO, the CNN‐LSTM method achieved a classification accuracy of 81.4% for 1‐s signals, shorter than those in other studies. The method enables the use of EEG signals to control an exoskeleton for patient rehabilitation.
Impact of proteins and protein fouling on virus retention during virus removal filtration
Authors: Afzal Mohammad A. , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVirus filtration is a crucial step in ensuring the high levels of viral clearance required in the production of biotherapeutics produced in mammalian cells or derived from human plasma. Previous studies have reported that virus retention is often reduced in the presence of therapeutic proteins due to membrane fouling; however, the underlying mechanisms controlling this behavior are still not well understood. Experimental studies were performed with a single layer of the commercially available dual‐layer PegasusTM SV4 virus removal filter to more easily interpret the experimental results. Bacteriophage ФX174 was used as a model parvovirus, and human immunoglobulin (hIgG) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were used as model proteins. Data obtained with 5 g/L solutions of hIgG showed more than a 100‐fold reduction in virus retention compared to that in the protein‐free solution. Similar effects were seen with membranes that were pre‐fouled with hIgG and then challenged with ФX174. The experimental data were well‐described using an internal polarization model that accounts for virus capture and accumulation within the virus filter, with the hIgG nearly eliminating the irreversible virus capture while also facilitating the release of previously captured virus. These results provide important insights into the performance and validation of virus removal filters in bioprocessing.
Development and validation of method for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethazine, trimethoprim and doxycycline in veterinary formulation using high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: dos Santos Patrícia Espinosa , do Amaral Marcos Serrou , Fernando Mazon Cardoso Teófilo , Kassab Nájla Mohamad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSulfamethazine (SMZ), trimethoprim (TMP) and doxycycline (DOXY) are drugs of choice used in the treatment of intestinal and respiratory infections that affect poultry and swine. The aim of this study was develop and validate a simple, sensitive and fast method for the simultaneous determination of SMZ, TMP and DOXY in veterinary formulations by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on a Macherey–Nagel C8 analytical column (4 × 125 mm, 5 μm), with a flow rate of 0.5 ml min−1 and detection at 268, 270 and 350 nm, for SMZ, TMP and DOXY, respectively. All measurements were performed in acetonitrile–water (45:55 v/v; pH 3.0). The analytical curves were linear (r > 0.9997) in the concentration range of 5.0–35.0 μg ml−1 for SMZ, 1.0–7.0 μg ml−1 for TMP and 7.0–13.0 μg ml−1 for DOXY. The method proved to be precise, robust, accurate and selective. In accelerated stability, the sample was analyzed for 6 months, with no major variations observed in organoleptic analysis and pH. Therefore, the developed method was proved to be suitable for routine quality control analyses for the simultaneous determination of SMZ, TMP and DOXY in pharmaceutical formulations.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension due to septic emboli
Authors: Steinberg Zachary L. , Rayner Samuel G. , Leary Peter J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present the case of a 28‐year‐old woman with a history of tricuspid valve endocarditis leading to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) with multiple pulmonary artery chronic total occlusions (CTOs) due to septic emboli. Following a multidisciplinary care discussion, the patient was brought forward for balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) with successful revascularization of all chronically occluded territories. This case highlights advances in pulmonary artery CTO interventions and demonstrates the feasibility of BPA for CTEPH patients with a history of septic emboli.
A needle in the haystack: An unusual case presentation of ganglioneuroblastoma at a tertiary care center in Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Radhakrishnan Shalini , Rao Ranjitha , Lashkari Harsha Prasada , Kini Hema , Kini Jyoti Ramnath , Kudurugundi Vatsala Basavaraju , Ashok Vanishree , Gowthuvalli Chaithra Venkataramana 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis case report highlights the importance of recognizing and accurately diagnosing ganglioneuroblastoma, an uncommon variant of neuroblastic tumors in children. Ganglioneuroblastomas have diverse clinical and morphological presentations, and histopathological examination is paramount in guiding treatment decisions, especially in cases with ambiguous symptoms. Early detection is crucial, as the prognosis varies significantly based on the subtype and the presence of metastatic disease. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and utilize radiological examinations to promptly identify and treat these tumors.AbstractChildren are frequently affected by neuroblastic tumors, which grow from the sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest during its development. However, intermixed ganglioneuroblastomas are far less common within the same tumor spectrum, the diagnosis of which could become challenging amidst an unusual presentation. In our case report, we present a 4‐year‐old boy who had complaints of fever and difficulty in walking, with a supra‐renal mass on ultrasound, which was diagnosed as ganglioneuroblastoma‐intermixed type on histopathological examination. This report aims to contribute to the understanding of the diverse clinical and morphological spectrum of ganglioneuroblastomas and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and histopathological examination to enhance decision‐making in such ambiguous scenarios.
Asymptomatic stones in the lacrimal canaliculus
Authors: Zhang Hongda , Xu Maosheng , Qin Guanghao , Chen Jiayan , Qi Yifan , Xu Ling , He Wei , Pazo Emmanuel Eric 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageAsymptomatic lacrimal canaliculus stones causing many stones without symptoms are rare. The patient recovered well within a week after dacryolith removal. This diagnosis is prevalent in this age group. However, asymptomatic nasolacrimal obstruction should be considered.AbstractDacryoliths, also known as symptomatic stones, are frequently observed in the lacrimal drainage system. These stones manifest through symptoms such as conjunctivitis, discharge, and epiphora. Nevertheless, the occurrence of numerous stones in the lacrimal canaliculus, in the absence of apparent symptoms, is uncommon. In this study, we present a case with the presence of several stones within the inferior lacrimal canaliculus. A female patient, aged 74, appeared with bilateral senile cataracts and was scheduled for cataract surgery. During a standard ocular examination, it was observed that the tear meniscus height in the left eye had a greater magnitude compared with the right eye. Canaliculitis with dacryolith was verified using a series of diagnostic procedures, including physical inspection, fluorescent dye disappearance test, palpation, 50 Mhz ultrasound biomicroscope scan, and irrigation of the lacrimal canaliculi. Upon surgical investigation, the canaliculus obstruction was confirmed, characterized by the existence of many tiny dacryolith formations inside the inferior canalicular system. Following the surgical excision of the dacryoliths, the patient experienced a full remission within a week. While it is common for individuals in this age range to receive this diagnosis, it is important to consider silent nasolacrimal blockage as a potential alternative diagnosis. It is important to note that the presence of dacryoliths in the lacrimal drainage system might manifest independently of conjunctivitis. No discernible risk indicators were found in relation to the aforementioned patient.
Erythema nodosum following treatment with dasatinib plus chemotherapy in a patient with myeloid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kassem Nancy , Alshurafa Awni , Elsabah Hesham , El Omri Halima 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageErythema nodosum (EN) is a type of panniculitis occurring due to various conditions. It can be associated with certain malignancies or manifest as a side effect of drugs. This article presents a unique case of EN in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML‐blast phase) following dasatinib and chemotherapy. Timely recognition and appropriate management are crucial to alleviate symptoms and consider potential drug‐induced etiology.
Accelerated Characterization of Electrode‐Electrolyte Equilibration
Authors: Kan Kevin , Guevarra Dan , Zhou Lan , Jones Ryan J. R. , Lai Yungchieh , Richter Matthias , Gregoire John M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOperational durability is poorly characterized by traditional (photo)electrocatalyst discovery workflows, creating a barrier to scale‐up and deployment. Corrosion is a prominent degradation mechanism whose thermodynamics depend on the concentration of corrosion products in electrolyte. We present an automated system for characterizing the equilibration of (photo)electrodes with dissolved metals in electrolyte for a given electrode, pH, and electrochemical potential. Automation of electrode selection, electrolyte preparation, and electrolyte aliquoting enables rapid identification of self‐passivating electrodes and estimation of the equilibrium dissolved metals concentrations. The technique is demonstrated for metal oxide photoanodes in alkaline electrolyte, where BiVO4 is found to continually corrode, in agreement the literature. An amorphous Ni−Sb−O photoanode is found to passivate with a Ni‐rich coating on the order of 1 monolayer with less than 1 μM total dissolved metals in electrolyte, demonstrating its suitability for durable photoelectrochemical operation. The automation and throughput of the instrument are designed for incorporation in accelerated electrocatalyst discovery workflows so that durability can be considered on equal footing with activity.
Halogen Substitution Regulates High Temperature Dielectric Switch in Lead‐Free Chiral Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Ju Tong‐Yu , Liu Cheng‐Dong , Fan Chang‐Chun , Liang Bei‐Dou , Chai Chao‐Yang , Zhang Wen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHybrid metal halides (HMHs) based phase transition materials have received widespread attention due to their excellent performance and potential applications in energy harvesting, optoelectronics, ferroics, and actuators. Nevertheless, effectively regulating the properties of phase transitions is still a thorny problem. In this work, two chiral lead‐free HMHs (R‐3FP)2SbCl5 (1; 3FP=3‐fluoropyrrolidinium) and (R‐3FP)2SbBr5 (2) were synthesized. By replacing the halide ions in the inorganic skeleton, the phase transition temperature of 2 changes with an increase of about 20 K, compared with 1. Meanwhile, both compounds display reversible dielectric switching properties. Through crystal structure analysis and Hirshfeld surface analysis, their phase transitions are ascribed to the disorder of the cations and deformation of the inorganic chains.
Direct Experimental Observations of Ion Distributions during Overcharging at the Muscovite‐Water Interface by Adsorption of Rb+ and Halides (Cl−, Br−, I−) at High Salinity
Authors: Neumann Julia , Lee Sang Soo , Zhao Eric J. , Fenter Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Argonne National Laboratory. The image shows the arrangement of correlated cations and anions at a charged solid surface in contact with highly concentrated electrolyte solutions. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300545.
Molecular Engineering of Copper Phthalocyanine for CO2 Electroreduction to Methane
Authors: Chen Jin‐Mei , Xie Wen‐Jun , Yang Zhi‐Wen , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) to multi‐electron reductive products remains a great challenge. Herein, molecular engineering of copper phthalocyanines (CuPc) was explored by modifying electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs) (cyano, sulfonate anion) and electron‐donating groups (EDGs) (methoxy, amino) to CuPc, then supporting onto carbon paper or carbon cloth by means of droplet coating, loading with carbon nanotubes and coating in polypyrrole (PPy). The results showed that the PPy‐coated CuPc effectively catalysed ECO2RR to CH4. Interestingly, experimental results and DFT calculations indicated EWGs markedly improved the selectivity of methane for the reason that the introduction of EWGs reduces electron density of catalytic active center, resulting in a positive move to initial reduction potential. Otherwise, the modification of EDGs significantly reduces the selectivity towards methane. This electronic effect and heterogenization of CuPc are facile and effective molecular engineering, benefitting the preparation of electrocatalysts for further reduction of CO2.
Seed sourcing for climate‐resilient grasslands: The role of seed source diversity during early restoration establishment
Authors: Lindstrom Jessica , Ahlering Marissa , Hamilton Jill 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRestoration advocates for the use of local seed in restoration, but theory suggests that diverse seed sources may enhance genetic diversity and longer term evolutionary potential within restored communities. However, few empirical studies have evaluated whether species and genetic diversity within species impacts plant community composition following restoration. The goal of this research is to compare the effects of single and multi‐sourced seed mix treatments on plant community diversity following restoration. Species establishment, abundance, and diversity were compared following two restoration seed mix treatments created to include 14 species commonly used in grassland restoration. We compared the application of seed mixes designed using a single population per species with those containing five populations per species across sites in Minnesota and South Dakota, United States. Early plant establishment and richness mostly reflected non‐seeded species across both sites, although seeded species established at a slightly higher rate in year two following restoration. At the South Dakota site, community composition largely reflected changes associated with establishment across the growing season as opposed to seed mix treatment. This contrasted with the Minnesota site, where community composition appeared to be strongly influenced by seed mix treatment. While there is some evidence seed mix treatment may be influencing the emergent community across sites, spatial heterogeneity across the Minnesota restoration site likely influenced diversity in early emergence over that of seed mix treatment. Indeed, varying land‐use history across both sites likely contributed to differences in species composition observed at this early stage of the restoration. This suggests that seed mix treatment may have limited impact on early post‐restoration emergence diversity relative to the importance of land‐use history. However, future monitoring will be needed to evaluate whether the impact of seed mix treatment on community composition changes over time.