bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upset in response to a child's partner's infidelities
Authors: Shackelford Todd K. , Michalski Richard L. , Schmitt David P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe weight of existing evidence suggests that men display greater upset in response to a long‐term partner's sexual infidelity, whereas women display greater upset in response to a partner's emotional infidelity. This sex difference was first hypothesized by evolutionary psychologists, who argued that the difference may reflect sex‐differentiated evolved psychological design. Some socialization theorists, in contrast, have argued that the difference may be attributable to sex‐differentiated socialization practices. A. Fenigstein and R. Peltz (2002) collected data from parents of undergraduates about upset in response to a child's partner's infidelities and found that both sexes report greater upset in response to a son's partner's sexual infidelity and in response to a daughter's partner's emotional infidelity. The key variable therefore is the sex of the child, as predicted from a heuristic application of an evolutionary perspective, and not the sex of the parent, as predicted from a heuristic application of one socialization perspective. We report a replication of these findings using data collected from retirees with an average age of about 70 years who have at least one son and one daughter and most of whom have grandchildren. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EEG and the Test for the Early Detection of Dementia with Discrimination from Depression (TE4D): a validation study
Authors: Brinkmeyer Jürgen , Grass‐Kapanke Brigitte , Ihl Ralf 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveThe Test for the Early Detection of Dementia with Discrimination from Depression (TE4D) was developed as a screening instrument for mild dementia. We investigated the convergent validity of the TE4D to EEG and other psychometric tests in patients suffering from dementia and depression.MethodIn 47 patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (ICD‐10 F.00) and 16 patients with affective disorders (F30‐F39) the tests TE4D, ADAS‐cog, SKT, BCRS, MMSE were performed and an EEG recorded. Group differences were compared by t‐tests and a regression analysis was calculated.ResultsThe inter‐test‐correlations varied between rs = 0.77 and rs = 0.91. Significant differences between the diagnostic groups were found for all tests as well as for the frequency bands α and β. For the qEEG, significant positive correlations were found between TE4D (Dementia subscore) and the mean frequency (r = 0.47), the peak frequency (r = 0.42), the frequency bands α (r = 0.59) and β (r = 0.56) as well as negative correlations in the frequency bands δ (r = −0.23) and ϑ (r = −0.42). The mean frequency and the activity in the frequency bands α, β2, δ and ϑ contributed to the regression equation. The correlation between regression equation and the TE4D was rs = 0.87. The other tests also correlated with the TE4D: ADAS rs = −0.75, MMST rs = 0.82, SKT rs = −0.74, BCRS rs = −0.83.ConclusionThe TE4D showed convergent validity with the EEG parameters. Both the TE4D‐score and the EEG‐alterations correlated significantly with the degree of severity of Alzheimer's disease. This result underlines the assumption that the TE4D will be a useful instrument for the diagnostic process in dementia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of biphasic calcium phosphates on drug release and biological and mechanical properties of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) composite membranes
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Knowles Jonathan C. , Kim Hyoun‐Ee 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPoly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and biphasic calcium phosphate (CaP) composite membranes were prepared for use in tissue regeneration by a novel solvent casting‐pressing method. An antibiotic drug, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), was entrapped within the membranes to investigate the efficacy of the material as a drug delivery system. The CaP powders were varied in amount (0–50 wt %) and in powder characteristics by heat treating at different temperatures, and their effects on the mechanical and biological properties and drug release of the membranes were examined. With CaP addition up to 30 wt %, the elastic modulus of the membranes was enhanced much due to the rigidity of CaP. While the tensile strength and elongation rate decreased gradually with CaP addition because the CaP powders acted as a failure source. The osteoblast‐like cells cultured on the CaP‐PCL composite membranes exhibited significant improvements in proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity compared to pure PCL and culture plastic control, indicating excellent cell viability and functional activity. The TCH drugs were released from the PCL and CaP‐PCL membranes in a similar fashion; an initial burst followed by a reduced release rate. The initial burst effect diminished much by the addition of CaP powders. The CaP addition increased the drug release rate after an initial period, and this was attributed to the high water uptake capacity and dissolution of the CaP containing membranes. Compared to the composite membranes containing heat‐treated CaP powders, those with as‐precipitated ones had higher dissolution and drug releases. These observations on mechanical properties and cellular responses as well as on drug release profiles suggested that the CaP‐PCL composite membranes are potentially applicable to tissue regeneration and drug delivery system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 467–479, 2004
p‐Aminophenol‐induced hepatotoxicity in hamsters: Role of glutathione
Authors: Fu Xin , Chen Theresa S. , Ray Mukunda B. , Nagasawa Herbert T. , Williams Walter M. 
Published: July 2004

Abstractp‐Aminophenol (PAP) is a widely used industrial chemical and a known nephrotoxin. Recently, it was found to also cause hepatotoxicity and glutathione (GSH) depletion in mice. The exact mechanism of liver toxicity is not known. The aims of this study were to determine whether PAP can cause acute hepatotoxicity in hamsters and to further investigate the role of GSH in PAP‐induced toxicity. PAP was administered ip to hamsters in doses of 200–800 mg/kg. Liver damage at 24 h after PAP administration was assessed by elevations in plasma enzyme activities and histopathologic examination. GSH and cysteine (Cys) levels in liver at 4 h were determined by HPLC. PAP decreased hepatic GSH concentration to 8% and Cys to 30% of vehicle control values. It increased plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity by 47‐fold and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity by 113‐fold. PAP also caused severe centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis. 2(RS)‐n‐Propylthiazolidine‐4(R)‐carboxylic acid (PTCA), a Cys precursor, attenuated the PAP‐induced decreases in hepatic sulfhydryl levels; GSH and Cys were 39% and 78% of vehicle controls, respectively. PTCA also attenuated the PAP‐induced elevations in plasma enzyme activities and hepatic necrosis. It was concluded that PAP hepatotoxicity is associated with depletion of hepatic GSH and can be prevented by PTCA. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 18:154–161, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20021
Structural characterization of corrosion products on archaeological iron: an integrated analytical approach to establish corrosion forms
Authors: Neff Delphine , Reguer Solenn , Bellot‐Gurlet Ludovic , Dillmann Philippe , Bertholon Régis 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe description and identification of corrosion products formed on archaeological iron artefacts need various approaches at different observation scales. For this study, samples from five sites were prepared using two techniques. The first consists in cutting cross‐sections perpendicular to corrosion layers. This allows local observations and analysis of the corrosion layer stratigraphy at different levels. The second consists in performing manual grinding or abrading of the corrosion layers starting from the current surface of the excavated artefact to the metal core. It allows the description of the successive layers and is well adapted for the analysis on a larger scale. In addition to these two observation scales, the identification of the iron oxides formed needs the coupling of several complementary techniques. Elementary compositions were determined by scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive x‐ray (SEM–EDX) analysis and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Structural identification was performed by x‐ray micro‐diffraction under synchrotron radiation (µXRD) and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. These analyses were performed on the same samples with both x‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in order to ensure a reliable characterization. In some cases there are some ambiguities or overlapping between signatures of different phases by µXRD (such as maghaemite–magnetite) or Raman spectroscopy (such as goethite–magnetite) which can be overcome by the association of the two methods. The final aim is to set up an analytical methodology that will be optimal for the study of ancient iron corrosion products. It is the first step in the study of long‐term mechanisms of iron in soil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raspite and studtite: Raman spectra of two unique minerals
Authors: Bastians Simon , Crump Gregory , Griffith William P. , Withnall Robert 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe Raman and IR spectra of monoclinic naturally occurring raspite, α‐PbWO4 (space group P21/a) were measured; it is irreversibly transformed to the tetragonal stolzite, β‐PbWO4, by heating to 450°C, and this process was followed by Raman spectroscopy. Assignments of fundamental modes are proposed. New data are also presented on single crystals of stolzite (space group I41/a), and it is shown that raspite and stolzite can easily be distinguished by their Raman spectra. We also present Raman and IR spectroscopic data on natural and synthetic studtite, UO4·4H2O, and its synthetic dehydration product metastudtite, UO4·2H2O, the only two naturally occurring peroxide‐containing minerals, and on partially deuterated synthetic forms of these materials. Assignments of fundamental modes are proposed and both TGA and DSC data are presented for studtite. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy and UV pulsed laser: an excellent symbiosis?
Authors: Ruiz‐Moreno Sergio , López‐Gil Alejandro , Gabaldón Amador , Sandalinas Carmen 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe fundamental idea of the present work concerns photon technology performance. On the one hand, in order to improve the Raman spectral quality when pigment analysis is carried out, we use UV pulsed laser radiation (266 nm) and its non‐thermal photoablation‐induced effect. In this way, the unwanted superficial layers (old varnishes, for example, in easel paintings) can be locally removed and so a reduction of the total fluorescence in the spectrum of the analyzed zone is achieved. On the other hand, for the purpose of analyzing the quality of the process, we employ Raman spectroscopy to obtain molecular information about the previous and later compositions of the surface irradiated with UV pulses. The fluorescence reduction of the Raman spectra and its consequent spectral quality improvement are quantified by a proposed figure of merit (signal‐to‐noise ratio) which is calculated in a suitable spectral range. The UV pulses are obtained starting an Nd:YAG pulsed laser (1064 nm) in combination with non‐linear optical crystals, and the Raman system used in the analytical measurements is a Jobin Yvon Induram with optical fiber technology and an HeNe continuous laser (632.8 nm). A Haas shutter guarantees the spatial focusing of the optical pulses over a concrete point of the irradiated sample. Based on the experimental results, two conclusions can be established: first, non‐thermal photoablation is very effective at removing small areas of the superficial varnished layers; second, Raman spectroscopy and the proposed figure of merit are very useful for measuring the resulting improvement in spectral quality. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of nineteenth century blue and green pigments by in situ x‐ray fluorescence and micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Rosi F. , Miliani C. , Borgia I. , Brunetti B. , Sgamellotti A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA mural painting by the innovative Italian miniaturist Napoleone Verga (1833–1918) was studied by a model protocol that combines an in situ non‐destructive technique with laboratory micro‐destructive vibrational investigations. The experimental procedure allowed us to acquire detailed information not only on Verga's palette and painting technique but also on undocumented retouches, using a very restricted number of samples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman micro‐spectroscopy of western Mediterranean obsidian glass: one step towards provenance studies?
Authors: Bellot‐Gurlet Ludovic , Bourdonnec François‐Xavier Le , Poupeau Gérard , Dubernet Stephan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper presents the first results of the Raman characterization of obsidians from the western Mediterranean. About 40 geological samples, from the islands of Lipari, Palmarola, Pantelleria and Sardinia, representative of the seven archaeologically significant obsidian sources, were analysed. Apart from the general shape of the spectra, which characterize three islands, a detailed treatment of the stretching massif part was performed to obtain quantitative discriminating parameters. The combination of these factors seems to provide a complete discrimination of all archaeologically significant western Mediterranean sources. These sources have provided raw material of Meso‐ and Neolithic artefacts distributed around the Tyrrhenian basin and nowadays provide key evidence of ancient exchange networks. Because some alternatives to classical geochemical fingerprinting are currently being sought, Raman spectroscopy could be a complementary or even alternative technique in provenance studies of archaeological obsidians. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of micro‐Raman spectroscopy in architectural paint analysis
Authors: Kendix E. , Nielsen O. F. , Christensen M. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractArchitectural paint analysis is an important technique for establishing the palette of historical paint colours, and reconstructing how a room or a facade might have looked at an earlier time. In its simplest form, it has often been achieved by using paint scrapes, which involves revealing a stepped sequence of layers of paint using a blade or solvents. Cross‐sections are used as an alternative to, or in combination with, scrapes. Mounted cross‐sections can be examined by optical microscopy. Accumulated layers of paint, wallpaper or other applied decorative finishes can be defined from their textures and colours. Knowledge of the identity of the components in paint layers can be used to reconstruct a certain paint and also to date the paint layers. It is demonstrated that micro‐Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscopy and low‐vacuum scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectrometry are versatile tools for the characterization of pigments and fillers in cross‐sections from architectural decorations. The paper gives an example of the examination of an interior decoration from a historical building. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bronze Age painted plaster in Mycenaean Greece: a pilot study on the testing and application of micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Brysbaert Ann , Vandenabeele Peter 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSince the first discoveries of Minoan and Mycenaean painted plaster around the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, iconographic and, to a lesser extent, technological studies have gone hand in hand in order to understand how these prehistoric societies were able to produce some of the earliest and most significant works of art in Bronze Age Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. These paintings claim to be among the first to be executed in the buon fresco technique. Past technological studies employed wet chemical methods, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical emission spectroscopy and a range of microscopic techniques based on cross‐sections of samples in order to investigate these fragmentary paintings. Most of these methods required destructive sampling and this is now, rightly so, very much restricted. Consequently, other non‐micro‐destructive approaches are being tested at present. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy (MRS) has proven more than once its potential for non‐destructive analysis of works of art and in archaeology in the recent past. Its application to this early fragmentary material is presented here for the first time. Interesting results were the identification of both organic (indigo) and non‐crystalline materials (limonite), which complements the knowledge obtained from traditionally used techniques. Although not without problems (high fluorescence prevented identification of Egyptian Blue), non‐destructive MRS yielded results comparable to XRD and provided the first identification of indigo blue on this medium, and can hence be considered very useful in future sample‐reducing strategies considering these scarce materials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman investigation of ceramics from 16th and 17th century Portuguese shipwrecks
Authors: de Waal Danita 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRaman spectra were recorded of the various components of a series of about 20 ceramic shards from nine Portuguese ships that were wrecked around the South African coast between 1550 and 1650. α‐Quartz was a typical component of the porcelain body. The blue pigment could be identified as CoAl2O4, or cobalt blue, and the glaze covering the ceramic surface presented a series of broad Raman bands typical of amorphous silicates. One shard from the Santa Maria Madre de Deus, which looked different form the other shards, was shown not to be a porcelain owing to the various components (CaCO3, CaSO4 · 2H2O or gypsum, amorphous carbon, anatase) which could be identified in the ceramic. This is an indication that this one piece is unlikely to be of the same Chinese origin as the Ming porcelain shards. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between analytical methods and biological assays for the assessment of tannin‐related antinutritive effects in some Spanish browse species
Authors: Ammar Hajer , López Secundino , González Jesús S , Ranilla María J 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTwenty‐two samples of leaves and flowers of six Mediterranean browse species (Erica australis, Quercus pyrenaica, Cistus laurifolius, Cytisus scoparius, Genista florida and Rosa canina) were analysed for total extractable phenols (TP), extractable tannins (ET) and condensed tannins (CTb (butanol/HCl assay) and CTv (vanillin assay)). The biological activity of the phenolic compounds was assessed as the increases in in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production after in vitro incubation in rumen fluid following the addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). The concentrations of phenolics and tannins varied with species, sampling time and part of the plant (leaves or flowers). There were also large differences in the values determined by different analytical methods. The highest correlation coefficients (P < 0.001) were found between TP and ET (r = 0.973) and between CTb and CTv (r = 0.758). However, only low correlations were observed between TP and CTb or CTv. Positive and significant (P < 0.01) correlations were observed between tannins and their biological activity determined as the effect of PEG on gas production. It is concluded that, although further research is required to develop methods for the accurate quantification of biologically active tannins, the effect of PEG on in vitro gas production seems to have promising potential for the assessment of phenolic‐related antinutritive effects in browse plants. This technique, coupled with other tannin assays, could provide a better understanding of the nutritional and physiological significance of tannins. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation and optimisation of five different extraction methods for soy DNA in chocolate and biscuits. Extraction of DNA as a first step in GMO analysis
Authors: Gryson Nicolas , Messens Kathy , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA method is described to discriminate between genetically modified (GM) and non‐modified foodstuffs by detecting the presence of newly introduced genes at the protein or DNA level. Currently available methods operate almost exclusively at the DNA level and are based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The first and most crucial step in this process is the isolation of DNA. In this study, five different methods for the isolation of DNA from chocolate and biscuits were evaluated, using four commercially available extraction kits and a non‐commercial method for amplification of the soybean‐specific lectin gene. The latter method involves the use of hot‐start Taq polymerase, to prevent the formation of non‐specific amplification products, and an increase in the number of cycles from 35 to 41. The performance of the non‐commercial cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐based method was the best, taking into consideration the adaptations of the extraction procedure, although this method was more time‐consuming than the others. Chocolate (white, milk and dark) and several biscuits generated positive amplification results using this PCR approach. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of lipase and/or emulsifier addition on the ileal and faecal nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed diets containing 4% animal fat
Authors: Dierick NA , Decuypere JA 
Published: July 2004

AbstractInformation on the addition of lipase and/or emulsifiers to less digestible or saturated fat sources, such as tallow or other animal fats, used in swine feeding is very limited. Therefore, in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, the effects of adding lipase (0.05% L5, microbial source) and/or an emulsifier (0.3% Lysoforte) on the apparent ileal (AID) and faecal (AFD) digestibility of the main nutrients and fatty acids in particular were studied with four ileal‐cannulated growing pigs (female, initial live weight 20 kg) fed diets containing barley/soybean meal supplemented with 4% animal fat. The fat source contained 35% saturated (S) and 65% unsaturated (U) fatty acids. All diets were free of antibacterial substances (antibiotics, copper sulphate or zinc oxide beyond requirements), in order to avoid interactions between the parameters studied and the gut flora. Lipase addition did not affect the AID or AFD of fat. However, the digestibility of minor fatty acids (C6:0, C14:0) was significantly improved by lipase at both ileal and faecal level. On the other hand, lipase supplementation (P < 0.05) improved the AID of dry matter (DM) and energy as well as the AFD of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ash and energy. Addition of an emulsifier did not have any significant influence on the AID or AFD of fat, while the AID values of DM, OM, CP and energy as well as the AFD values of DM, OM, CP and ash were significantly (P < 0.05) improved. Adding lipase in combination with an emulsifier to the diets decreased (P < 0.05) the AID and AFD of fat, with minor effects on the AID and AFD of the non‐fat components of the diet. The lack of improvement in the digestion of fat by exogenous lipase and/or emulsifier may be related to the rather high U/S ratio (0.65:0.35) of the animal fat source used and to the mode of incorporation of the emulsifier (no pre‐dispersion in the fat source). Furthermore, during the trial the diets, stored at room temperature, showed a steady increase in their content of free fatty acids (to more than 700 g kg−1 fat), due to endogenous lipase activity, leaving less room for upgrading the digestion of animal fat by exogenous lipase and/or emulsifier. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry