bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Carbapenem and Colistin Resistance among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Patients Visiting a Hospital in Haryana, India
Authors: Devi Leimapokpam Sumitra , Sardar Moumita , Sharma Mukesh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Increasing prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Enterobacterales, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, poses a serious public health threat globally. Furthermore, these bacteria exhibit multidrug resistance, making treatment of infections caused by them challenging. Colistin is one of the antibiotics used in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales; however, its unrestricted usage has resulted in the emergence of colistin resistant strains. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and co-resistance to carbapenem and colistin resistance among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from various clinical specimens from patients attending various departments of a multispecialty teaching hospital in Haryana, India.

Methods:
A total of 597 isolates comprising 425 E. coli and 172 K. pneumoniae isolated between March 2019 to November 2021 were included in the study. The isolates were subjected to screening for the detection of carbapenemase production using carbapenem discs and a phenotypic test, that is, the CarbaNP test. Antibiogram of the carbapenem-resistant isolates was further analyzed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and to evaluate colistin resistance, isolates were subjected to colistin broth disc elution test.

Results:
The prevalence of carbapenemase production among the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates by the screening test were detected to be 98/425 (23.1%) for E. coli and 90/172 (52.3%) for K. pneumoniae, whereas the CarbaNP test confirmed 93/425 (21.9%) and 84/172 (48.8%) of the two categories of bacterial isolates, thus showing a false positivity rate of 2.6% (n = 11) by screening test for the detection of carbapenemase production. Among the bacterial isolates, 3 (1.7%) comprising 1 (1.1%) E. coli and 2 (2.6%) K. pneumoniae were found to be dual carbapenem- and colistin-resistant strains. K. pneumoniae isolates showed higher resistance rates to non-carbapenem antibiotics compared to E. coli isolates.

Conclusions:
The emergence of bacteria with concurrent resistance to carbapenems and colistin is a serious concern as they are the last-resort drugs against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria.
Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Plantar Pressure Distribution along with Other Musculoskeletal Parameters in Athletes with and without Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Authors: Chaudhary Sarika , Chauhan Bhanukiran R. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Medial tibial stress syndrome is one of the most common overuse injuries in all running-related activities. Despite the high prevalence, various controversy exist in the literature regarding the risk factors for MTSS.

Purpose:
The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the risk factors for MTSS such as passive ankle range of motion, static and dynamic plantar pressure distribution, navicular drop, hip flexors, and hamstring flexibility as well as the foot posture between the athletes with MTSS and normal athletes.

Materials and Methods:
Fourty-eight participants after detailed assessment were recruited in the present study and were divided into two groups, Group A (subjects with MTSS) and Group B (subjects without MTSS). They all went through a musculoskeletal examination for quantifying the navicular drop, foot posture, hamstring and hip flexor’s flexibility, ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion range of motion. Plantar pressure analysis was used to quantify plantar pressure while standing and running.

Results:
Independent t-test was used. Subjects with MTSS demonstrated deficit in hamstring flexibility (P = 0.0006), dorsiflexion range of motion (P = 0.0039), a greater navicular drop (P < 0.0001), and a more pronated foot posture (P = 0.0245) when compared with the normal athletes. MTSS subjects also showed more total force and pressure under the forefoot region in both static and dynamic measurement of plantar pressure.

Conclusion:
The findings demonstrated that MTSS is multifactorial syndrome with passive ankle range of motion, foot posture and navicular drop, plantar pressure distributions, as well as flexibility playing a major role.
Fast Pace Sun Salutations (FPSS) Yoga Postures Influence Brain waves Activity in Addition to Heart Rate Variability Pattern: A Pilot Study
Authors: Malhotra Varun , Javed Danish , Bharshankar Rajay , Porter Patrick K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sun salutation (Surya namaskar) is an ancient yogic exercise, which is a combination of 12 different postures rhythmically. Yoga practitioners perform this procedure in a slow as well as fast pace manner.

Aim:
We undertook this study to find out the immediate changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and brain waves spectrum after the practice of fast pace sun salutation (FPSS).

Settings and Design:
This prospective interventional observational study was conducted on 30 male healthy subjects in the 30–45 years age group from September 2021 to December 2021 after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Participants gave their written consent in the prescribed format.

Materials and Methods:
Fourteen rounds of FPSS were performed in approximately 10 min under the guidance of a yoga expert. Brain Tap Dinamika Machine (Advanced HRV Test System, Moscow, Russia) was used to assess different HRV and brain waves parameters before and after FPSS.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done by Student’s paired t-test using GraphPad online software.

Results:
All independent variables of time and frequency domain analysis of HRV were found to be increased after the intervention. A significant upsurge in low frequency (LF)% as compared to high frequency (HF)% and very low frequency (VLF)% showed a relative increase in sympathetic activity. In brain waves, delta, theta, and alpha were decreased, whereas activities of beta and gamma waves were found to be increased.

Conclusions:
Increase in both LF and HF components showed that both sympathetic and parasympathetic components have increased. Brain wave analysis suggested increased mental alertness after FPSS.
A Study of Psychiatric Co-morbidities, Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Singh Pawel , Chaudhari Bhushan , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel , Prakash Jyoti , Verma Pankaj K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To study psychiatric co-morbidities, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted on 122 cases of COPD and equal number of age- and sex-matched controls in a tertiary care hospital. They were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), depression, anxiety stress scale-42 (DASS-42), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and COPD Assessment Test (CAT).

Results:
COPD patients and control subjects were matched with respect to age, sex, education, employment, domicile, and socioeconomic status. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 56% of cases and 14% of controls. Major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses. There was significantly higher prevalence of smoking in cases with COPD compared to control subjects suicidality was present in two patients. The mean scores on depression, anxiety, and stress on DASS-42 of COPD patients were significantly higher than normal controls. On the CAT majority of the COPD patients belonged to the high-impact group followed by the very high-impact group. Mean scores on the SGRQ were in the range expected in COPD patients. A multiple regression analysis revealed that significant predictors of SGRQ scores were age, gender, economic status, domicile, alcohol habits, depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusion:
COPD patients have a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidities compared to healthy controls. Common psychiatric disorders were major depression, alcohol dependence, and anxiety disorders along with smoking.
Interleukin-35 as a New Biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 in Iraqi Patients
Authors: AL-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes , Alkhafaji Zaytoon Abdulridha 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a newly discovered heterodimeric cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family. It works as an inhibitory cytokine in the immune system, modulating malfunctioning T cells and regulating various immune-related inflammatory factors. As a result, the control of IL-35 may be critical to manage a cytokine storm that occurs in COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 125 severe COVID-19 patients, including 56 (44.8%) males and 69 (55.2%) females, were enrolled in this study as well as 60 persons involved as a control group. Between February 2022 and July 2022, these patients were admitted to Marjan medical city and Al-Sadeq hospital. Patients were classified as severe cases according to the guidelines released by National Health World depending on SpO2 percentage. The inflammatory cytokine (IL-35) was measured using the ELISA technique.

Results:
IL-35 showed statically significant differences between patients 6.86 ± 2.31 (pg/ml) and control group 3.86 ± 2.07 (pg/ml) (p < 0.0001). IL-35 revealed a significant positive strong correlation with glucose level in patients with COVID-19 (r = 0.0241; P = 0.007). as Also, a positive significant correlation observed between IL-35 and creatinine (r = 0.182; P = 0.043). Correlations between IL-35 and each gender, age, death status, SpO2, and computed tomography (CT) scan were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Age group 62–74 years showed more IL-35 titer (8.40 pg/ml) than other groups followed by the age group 16–61 years (6.78 pg/ml) with significant differences (p = 0.004).

Conclusion:
This study further confirms the growing evidence on the direct role of regulatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines in the development and controlling COVID-19. IL-35 revealed a positive significant correlation with creatinine (r = 0.182; P = 0.043) that may reflect the impact of IL-35 level on the kidney function test distributions such as acute kidney injury.
Nutritional Status of HIV-Positive Children (2–15-Year Age Group) in Western Maharashtra, India – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pushkar Kumar , Hiremath Ravishekar N. , Gupta Rajul K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children with HIV disease require frequent growth monitoring. It also acts as proxy indicator to assess the HIV disease progression and antiretroviral therapy efficacy in children.

Objective:
We conducted this study to assess the Nutritional status of HIV positive children and have a valuable baseline data of HIV-positive children living in western Maharashtra.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in Western Maharashtra, India on HIV-positive children attending the Pediatric HIV OPD of multispecialty hospital in an urban setting in a specified time period. Data was collected from 106 children by means of pretested questionnaire’s along with clinical examination and anthropometric measurements. Institutional Ethical clearance was taken, and data was collected after taking informed consent of the parent/guardian accompanying the child.

Results:
48 (45.3%) were females and 58 (54.7%) were males. The mean height in all age groups is lower than their respective WHO standards except in age group 3–5 years. 64.2% showed various degree of stunting, more than a third (37.7%) being severely stunted. The prevalence of underweight among boys (84.5%) was more compared with girls (54.2%). This relation was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The prevalence of wasting among boys (60.3%) was apparently more compared with girls (47.9%) and this relation was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Mid upper arm circumference of subjects in all age groups was lower than respective WHO standard. The prevalence of malnourishment was increasing as age of subjects was increasing across all age groups and this trend was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Overall prevalence of underweight was high. As age was increasing, underweight percentage was also increasing which proves that HIV/AIDS and opportunistic infection is taking it toll on growth of the children. Overall prevalence of wasting (acute malnutrition) was 54.7% and prevalence of overall stunting was 64.2%. Since the causes of malnutrition are complex and multiple, this study could highlight some of these factors. It has proved to be a valuable baseline data of the current nutritional status of HIV-positive children, and thus, dietary supplementation and nutritional education are need of the hour at all levels.
Surgical Management and Functional Outcome of Acetabular Fractures – A Prospective Study
Authors: Sahu Santosh K. , Reddy Srujan , Nayak Satya Prasanna , Kar Dattatreya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context:
Acetabulum fractures are commonly a result of high-velocity road traffic accidents and falls from height. These fractures were previously treated nonoperatively which had led to high morbidity causing secondary osteoarthritis, limping, instability, and chronic pain.

Aims:
To surgically manage the functional outcome of acetabular fractures.

Settings and Design:
The prospective study involves 28 patients of a tertiary care hospital at Bhubaneswar, for analysis of functional and radiological outcomes of surgical management of acetabular fractures.

Subjects and Methods:
Patients are chosen from emergency and outpatient on the criteria of age group 18–65 years, pelvi-acetabular fractures of 2-mm displacement, more than 3-week-old fracture, with or without hip dislocation. Inflammatory arthritis and pathological fractures patients were excluded. Surgery time was 173 min with a minimum of 110 min and a maximum of 240 min.

Statistical Analysis Used:
All the data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software.

Results:
Twelve patients had excellent (42%), seven patients had well (25%), seven patients had fair (25%), and two patients had poor (8%) functional outcomes. Two patients had restricted range of movement and pain on walking and had undergone total hip replacement after 1 year. The mean score in the anatomically reduced fracture is 16.4, imperfectly reduced is 14.4, and poorly reduced is 8. The average functional outcome score was 14.2 (range – 5–18).

Conclusions:
As the articular surface requires smooth congruity, anatomical fixation of fracture fragments is essential for early mobilization and better functional outcomes. Proper preoperative planning, anatomical reduction, adequate fixation, and early mobilization are required to achieve good functional outcomes in acetabular fractures.
A Huge Maxillary Sinus Antrolith Causing Persistent Nasal Obstruction: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Shu’aibu Lawal , Usman Asma’u , Abdullahi Naimatu A. T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Maxillary antrolith is a rare condition often seen in the maxillary sinus, with its presentation and treatment depending on its size. It is often an incidental, uncommon, and asymptomatic finding seen on radiographs. Thus, we present a rare case of huge maxillary antrolith presenting with persistent nasal obstruction and an infra-orbital fistula.
Molecular diagnosis of echinococcosis in patients based on frozen paraffin tissue samples and fixed formalin and hydatid cysts isolated from livestock in a slaughterhouse
Authors: Rahpima Behjat , Dabirzadeh Mansour 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Various genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus have been studied in high-disease-risk areas and identified as causative agents of cystic echinococcosis (CE). This study was performed to examine and identify the molecular hydatid cyst in the dissected human specimens in paraffin tissue, and the dissected animal cyst was characterized using the DNA polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1).

Materials and Methods:
To determine the molecular properties of E. granulosus, 20 hydatid cyst samples (including 6 sheep samples, 9 camel samples, and 10 human paraffin samples) were collected from Zahedan and Zabol cities. After DNA extraction, molecular PCR was performed, and RFLP was evaluated. In this study, the Taq1 endonuclease cleavage enzyme was used.

Results:
The patterns of DNA bands found in the isolates from human CE and animal bladder cysts were the same, as indicated by the results of ribosomal DNA-ITS1 amplification from E. granulosus. Two nested primer pairs were used. The rough size of the enhanced ITS1 piece was 444 and 391 base pairs (bp), individually. After cutting the PCR product with the Taq1 enzyme, the patterns of the fragments revealed that the samples had two identical RFLP patterns. The aftereffects of this study showed that the parasite genotypes confined to sheep, camels, and people had hereditary changes.

Conclusion:
The transcendent type of E. granulosus sensu lato in the area is E. granulosus sensu stricto, which featured the meaning of the sheep/canine cycle in human transmission. Albeit the band profile in the camel is now and again like the sheep strain, RLFP can be recognized utilizing the PCR strategy, and two differentiating band profiles using the chemical were found in this review.
Prevalence of polymorphisms in marker genes associated with antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum following 10 years of artemisinin-based combination therapy implementation in urban Kolkata
Authors: Acharya Alisha , Naskar Arindam , Chaudhury Abhijit , Sardar Ashif Ali , Samanta Anwesha , Guha Subhasish Kamal , Maji Ardhendu Kumar , Bera Dilip Kumar , Saha Pabitra 
Published: February 2024

Context:Resistance to antimalarial drugs is one of the major challenges for malaria elimination. In India, artemisinin combination therapy (artesunate-sulfadoxin pyrimethamine) was introduced in place of chloroquine (CQ) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in 2010. Periodical monitoring of polymorphisms in antimalarial drug resistance marker genes will be useful for assessing drug pressure, mapping and monitoring of drug resistance status; and will be helpful for searching alternative treatments.Objectives:This study was conducted to study the polymorphisms in antimalarial drug resistance marker genes among clinicalPlasmodium falciparumisolates collected from Kolkata after 10 years of artemisinin-based combination therapie (ACT) implementation.Materials and Methods:Blood samples were collected fromP. falciparummono-infected patients and polymorphisms inP. falciparumCQ resistance transporter(pfcrt),P. falciparummultidrug resistance(pfmdr-1),P. falciparumdihydrofolate reductase(pfdhfr),P. falciparumdihydropteroate synthetase(pfdhps),pfATPase6andpfK-13propeller genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing.Results:Inpfcrtgene, C72S, and K76T mutation was recorded in 100% isolates and no mutations was detected in any of the targeted codons ofpfmdr-1gene. A double mutantpfcrthaplotype SVMNT and wildtype haplotype NYD inpfmdr-1were prevalent in 100% of study isolates. Triple mutantpfdhfr-pfdhpshaplotype ANRNI-SGKAA was recorded. No polymorphism inpfK13gene was documented in any of the isolates.Conclusions:Observed wild codon N86 along with Y184 and D1246 ofpfmdr-1gene might be an indication of the reappearance of CQ sensitivity. The absence of quadruple and quintuple haplotypes inpfdhfr-pfdhpsgene along with the wild haplotype of pfK13 is evidence of ACT effectivity. Hence, similar studies with large sample size are highly suggested for monitoring the drug resistance status ofP. falciparum.
Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Rui (Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr.) and Determining Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Anam Syariful , Syamsidi Armini , Tunreng Muh. Fadil Usman , Djaleha Helena Fransisca , Arisca Windhy Nur , Syaputra Gunawan , Iklima  , Indriani Meri Feki , Widodo Agustinus , Pratiwi Ritha , Yuliet  , Razak Abd. Rahman 
Published: February 2024

Endophytic fungi produce bioactive metabolites that exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity. Rui (Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr.) is a traditional medicinal plant proven to be an antibacterial and anticancer. Endophytic fungi live in plant tissues without damaging or producing chemicals that infect the host cell. Endophytes produce the same and similar compound as an original plant. This study aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi from Rui and determine their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity. 13 fungal isolates were successfully isolated using PDA for seven days at 30°C. Molecular identification using the ITS1 and ITS4 DNA sequences only revealed six species: Diaporthe sp., Phomopsis sp., Aspergillus tubingensis, Aspergillus viridinutans, Pseudofusicoccum sp., and Daldinia eschscholtz. Seven isolates showed antibacterial activity based on plate assay. Aspergillus tubingensis and RA-1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi, with the MIC and MBC starting from 24 to 32 mg/ml. The DPPH assay showed the most increased antioxidant activity in Daldinia eschscholtzii with an IC50 of 98.14±2.39 µg/ml. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) showed the highest potential cytotoxic activity, as shown by Aspergillus tubingensis and Phomopsis sp. with LC50 of 7.78±7.48 and 30.83±0.39 µg/ml. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the fungal extract from Rui could be a source of antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic agents.
Diversity of 17 Genotypes of Taro Based on Anatomy and Nutritional Value of Tuber
Authors: Cahyanti Lutfy Ditya , Didy Sopandie  , Edi Santosa  , Heni Purnamawati  
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is one of the countries with the greatest diversity of taro variety, while the study of taro's morphology and nutritional characteristics is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical of plant and nutritional value of taro tuber. This research observed fourteen genotypes of Colacasia esculenta (7 Eddoe types, 7 Dasheen types) and 3 Xanthosoma genotypes. In three blocks of replications, the eddoe and Xanthosoma genotypes were cultivated using cormel and the dasheen genotypes with sucker. Plant anatomy (leaf, stem, and root) and tuber nutritional characteristics were analyzed. From this research, explained that stomata and epidermis number, length from stomata and epidermis, number leaf epidermis, length of leaf and stem epidermis, also length of root epidermis, endodermis, cortex, and stele among 17 genotypes of taro were statistically different. The diversity of taro based on the nutrition content of tuber between 17 genotypes of taro was considered high, as represented by water, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, energy, and glucomannan, which were statistically different.