bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Biodegradability of Coffee Husk and Water Hyacinth using Food Waste: Synergistic and Kinetic Evaluation under Co-digestion
Authors: Ibro mohammed Kelif , Ancha Venkata Ramayya , Lemma Dejene Beyene , Pohl Marcel mekbib 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Coffee husk (CH) and water hyacinth (WH) are seen as environmental challenges causing eutrophication of water streams and infestation of water bodies. These biomass resources, available in plenty with high organic content can be considered for anaerobic digestion. However, their high lignin content poses a challenge to their biodegradability in which case co-digestion with easily degradable food waste (FW) could alleviate this problem. Thus, the synergistic effect with co-digestion of CH and WH employing increasing FW levels on biogas yield, biodegradability (BDfpc), and biodegradation rate (ηBD) were investigated in this work. Experimental studies were conducted with a varied mixtures of CH/WH/FW (100:0:0, 0:100:0, 35:35:30, 30:30:40, 25:25:50, 20:20:60 and 0:0:100) at constant temperature (38 ± 1°C). The results indicated that addition of FW significantly enhanced WH and CH digestion performance, with the maximum biogas yield of 572.60 ml/gVS, highest BDfpc of 89.22% and ηBD of 57.82% obtained at a mix ratio of 25:25:50, which was improved by 194.98% compared to CH mono-digestion. The co-digestion tests exhibited strong synergy due to their nutritional balance and other interactive effects promoting stability. Maximum synergy was 1.72 for a mix of 20:20:60. The modified Gompertz, logistic, and first-order kinetic models were used to simulate the experimental data to portray the biodegradation and kinetics involved. The modified logistic equation was seen to be the best fit to elucidate biogas production. The current findings highlighted the importance of increasing the easily biodegradable waste fractions in the co-digestion of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced biodegradability.
Prognostic Impact of Estimated Acute Kidney Injury Compared with Estimated Glomerular Filtration in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Data from CURES
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Li Yishan , Fan Guohui , Yang Yuanhua , Xu Xiaomao , Ji Yingqun , Yi Qun , Chen Hong , Hu Xiaoyun , Liu Zhihong , Mao Yimin , Zhang Jie , Shi Juhong , Zhang Zhu , Lei Jieping , Wu Sinan , Zhang Shuai , Zhen Kaiyuan , Zhai Zhengguo , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Renal function affects outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to find an optimal method of renal function assessment for acute PE patients, by comparing the prognosis value of estimated acute kidney injury (AKI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on hospitalized PE patients.
Methods
Adult patients diagnosed acute PE from 2009 to 2015 with available data of serum creatine (SCr) were enrolled from a nationwide, multicenter registry in China (CURES registry). Patients with high-risk PE were excluded. eGFR was calculated by MDRD equation. Estimated AKI was defined according to the “Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” (KDIGO) definition, by using the single assessment of SCr at admission. All-cause death, PE-related death, and bleeding events during hospitalization were analyzed as endpoints.
Results
A total of 3,575 patients with acute normotensive PE patients were enrolled into analysis. 253 (7.1%) patients were identified estimated AKI at admission and moderate-to- severe renal insufficiency (eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2) was identified in 406 (12.0%) patients. The overlaps of different stages of estimated AKI and levels of eGFR showed that all patients with estimated AKI meet the definition of moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency. Patients met both estimated AKI and eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2 had higher rates of in-hospital mortality and PE-related death than those with only eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2 (4.7% vs 0.7% and 2.4% vs 0, respectively, both p < 0.05). The rates of any bleeding and major bleeding were significantly higher in those had eGFR < 60ml/min·1.73m2 than eGFR ≥ 60ml/min·1.73m2 (9.2% vs 5.6% and 4.5% vs 1.5%, respectively, both p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The presence of AKI was more associated with short-term mortality while impaired eGFR was related to an increased incidence of bleeding events. Proper assessment of kidney function and individualized decision-making in patients with acute PE are important.
First record of Sigmodon minor (Rodentia) in the early Blancan of central Mexico: migrants from the Great Plains, their chronology, paleoecology, and biogeography in response to paleoclimates
Authors: Pacheco-Castro Adolfo , Carranza-Castañeda Oscar , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In this study, we present the first occurrence ofSigmodon minorin Mexico, collected in the Pliocene, early Blancan of the San Miguel de Allende Basin, Guanajuato. This record represents an early and rapid migration of these rodents from the Great Plains to lower latitudes, possibly in response to climatic fluctuations that occurred during the late Neogene and favored the grassland biome expansion. The fossils described in this manuscript are one of the most complete findings for this species, including well-preserved mandibles and maxillary elements, which were found in association with megafauna and have radiometric ages. The dental occlusal structure and evolutionary stages of the molars were compared in detail with other contemporary records in North America, in addition to palaeoecological inference based on body size, suggesting the predominance of an open grassland ecosystem but with a complex mosaic of niches of more wet conditions.
Optimization of land subsidence prediction features based on machine learning and SHAP value with Sentinel-1 InSAR Data
Authors: Su Heng , Xu Tingting , Xion Xiancai , Tian Aohua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Land subsidence has always been a concern of geoscience, and exploring the factors affecting land subsidence to predict future land subsidence is essential research. However, current research rarely has a scientific and unified feature screening process for land subsidence features. This study applies neural networks and SHAP values to land subsidence prediction. We used SHAP values instead of the traditional random forest (RF) to quantify land subsidence features and neural networks to predict the areas where land subsidence is likely to occur in the cities of Chongqing and Chengdu, encompassing the majority of the possible land subsidence scenarios in the future. The results show that the prediction of land subsidence using neural networks improves the model accuracy by 16% compared to the traditional method. After input features optimization, the performance improves by nearly 22%. We found that the feature optimization method based on SHAP values proposed in this study is more helpful for land subsidence prediction, and the factors affecting land subsidence derived from data analysis with complex terrain are also consistent with the results of previous studies. This feature optimization method can contribute to the input variable selection process for the land subsidence prediction model, improve accuracy, and provide solid theoretical support for preventing urban land subsidence.
Burkitt's lymphoma of bilateral breasts in pregnancy combined with a huge abdominal mass and bone marrow invasion: A case report
Authors: Yan Xingmin , Liu Shiqiang , Xia Yun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma of the breast is a rare kind of malignancy, which usually occurs among women during pregnancy or breastfeeding. A rapid diffuse swelling of bilateral breasts is the most common mode of presentation. This article reports a rare case of Burkitt's lymphoma of the breast during pregnancy. The patient presented with diffuse enlargement of both breasts with skin erythema, and increased skin temperature, which brought difficulty in distinguishing it from inflammatory breast cancer and gestational mastitis. The rare clinical manifestations pose a challenge for early diagnosis, only by a series of imaging tests. Until the fine needle aspiration of breast revealed lymphoma cells and a subsequent bone marrow biopsy revealed a translocation of chromosome No.8 and No.14, the final diagnosis was ensured. Meanwhile, imaging examination indicated a huge retroperitoneal mass at a maximum diameter about 10 centimetre. It was significantly reduced together with breast lesion during the standardized chemotherapy. For a rapid progression and poor prognosis, an early diagnosis and prompt therapy are especially important for this very disease. This article provides a patient with an atypical presentation accompanied by a massive retroperitoneal neoplasm, to alert clinicians and help them learn more about this rare disease.
Triglyceride-glucose index as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with in-stent restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Yifei , Tao Huimin , Tao Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Triglyceride-glucose index(TYG) is a reliable indicator for predicting the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In patients with stent failure, its influence is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the association between the TYG index and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after PCI in patients with in-stent restenosis(ISR).This retrospective study included 1,654 patients who underwent PCI from 2016 to 2023 in Nanjing First Hospital. Patients were stratified into three groups based on their quantile level. The baseline characteristics and follow-up data of these patients were meticulously recorded. The TyG index was determined as Ln(triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting plasma glucose [mg/dL]/2.As a result, during a median follow-up period of 40 months, 357 patients (21.6%) experienced MACEs. After adjustment for potential confounders, There’ s significant and independent association between TYG index and the primary endpoint. (HR 1.191; 95% CI 1.019–1.412; P = 0.029). Compared to the lowest quantile, the risk of primary endpoint events in the TyG third quantile increased 1.370-fold (HR 1.370; 95% CI 1.052–1.785; P = 0.020). For the male and diabetes subgroups, this trend was even more pronounced (HR 1.269; 95% CI 1.055–1.527; P = 0.011; HR 1.385; 95% CI 1.125–1.706; P = 0.002). Additionally, the incidence of MACEs was greater in ISR patients with the highest TyG indices (P = 0.019).In conclusion, an increased TYG index is significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs after PCI in patients with ISR, and this trend is more significant in male patients with diabetes. Monitoring TyG index is helpful for improving the postoperative health of patients with ISR.
The triglyceride glucose index is strongly associated with the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: An 11-year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wei Rongyan , Chen Shangyu , Huang Xiuxian , Zhai Zhenwei , Wang Qiu , Sun Jingxia , Mo Jianming , Huang Jianhao , Xu Yancheng , Li Junjun , Lu Wensheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been confirmed to be a novel sensitive predictor of clinical prognosis in patients with endocrine metabolic disorders. However, there is a paucity of research dedicated to delving into the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).
Methods
This study enrolled 1750 inpatients with DFUs based on an ambispective longitudinal cohort with continuous follow-up covering January 2013 to December 2023. All participants were followed up every 6 months for 11 years, for a median of 83 months. A total of 960 participants were eligible for inclusion in the current analysis. According to the median TyG index, the subjects were divided into two groups: low (< 9.12, n = 480) and high (≥ 9.12, n = 480). The present study evaluated the relationships between the TyG index and the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with DFU through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Cox regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCSs), stratified analysis, and Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis.
Results
Out of 960 participants, 271 experienced MACCEs (28.22%), 79 (29.15%) of whom died during the follow-up period. ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal TyG index cutoff values for predicting the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with DFU were 8.97 and 9.01, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the TyG index was positively associated with MACCEs (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.807; 95% CI = 1.402–2.328; P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.661; 95% CI = 1.039–2.656; P = 0.034) in an S-shaped nonlinear dose-dependent manner. After eliminating the influence of covariates by stratified analysis, Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis was performed, and the results showed that the higher the TyG index was, the greater the cumulative incidence of MACCEs (P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (P = 0.031).
Conclusion
The present study revealed an S-shaped nonlinear dose‒dependent positive relationship between the TyG index and the risk of MACCEs and all-cause mortality in patients with DFU. Consequently, lowering the TyG index helps improve the clinical prognosis in patients with DFU.
A QSPR analysis and curvilinear regression for various degree-based topological indices of Quinolone antibiotics
Authors: Kirana B. , Shanmukha M.C. , Usha A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Graph invariants or topological indices play an essential role in defining a chemical compound numerically. They are widely used in QSPR/QSAR analysis. Using this analysis, physicochemical properties of the compounds and the topological indices are studied. Various statistical parameters are determined and they are interpreted according to their numerical values obtained. This article concentrates on studying curvilinear regression models of Quinolone antibiotics. Quinolones are synthetic antibiotics employed for treating the diseases caused by bacteria. Across the years, Quinolones have shifted its position from minor drug to a very significant drug to treat the infections caused by bacteria and in urinary tract. They are largely used in the treatment of various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A study is carried out on Quinolone antibiotics by computing eleven topological indices through QSPR analysis. Linear, quadratic and cubic regression models are determined for all topological indices. These regression models are depicted graphically by extending for fourth degree and fifth degree models for significant topological indices with its corresponding physical property showing the variation between each model.
Who belongs to the middle class? Identifying them using monthly family income
Authors: Fidah Md Fuad Al , Efa Syeda Sumaiya , Khan Md. Abdullah Saeed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Social class is a significant factor that influences an individual’s health, education, and lifestyle, among other things. However, there is no standard income-based scale that can classify individuals into different social classes for comparability across studies. In this article, we outlined the method of using monthly family income to identify the middle class of a country and how to use it to define the lower and upper class.
Methods
We used a widely accepted definition of the middle class and implemented it to determine the threshold for middle class family using the monthly median income of a country. This method can be used by any country to classify the community as “lower class” (< 75% of the median income), “middle class” (75–125% of the median income) and “upper class” (> 125% of the median income). We also presented an example using data from Bangladesh. The results were then adjusted for inflation to provide a guideline for updating the income limits for any future year.
Results
The current study used an accepted definition of the middle class and based on an example of Bangladesh implemented it after adjusting for inflation. The social class in 2023 based on the monthly household income was < 12,500 BDT for lower class, 12,500 to 21,500 BDT for middle class and > 21,500 BDT for upper class after inflation.
Conclusion
This social class classification can be used for grouping study participants into comparable socioeconomic categories in the context of any country and can be updated easily in the future.
Formation of chromatic indices of grape juice by cryomaceration before ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Denisenko A.V. , Taranenko V.I. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In 2022, the EU included high power ultrasound treatment in the list of approved grape processing methods for winemaking purposes. Acoustic cavitation has been demonstrated to affect chromatic parameters by changing phenolic content quantitatively. Anthocyanins are most affected by high power ultrasound and to avoid colorant degradation, a short-term treatment period has been established [1]. Ultrasound is a type of energy generated by a pressure sound wave. The application of high intensity ultrasound can induce changes in the physical and chemical properties of objects [2]. Liquid exposed to ultrasonic waves changes into tiny bubbles that are filled with vapor. The formation of such bubbles and their further compression is called cavitation. Treatment of grapes with ultrasound causes micro-oxygenation which results in cracking of the skin of the berries and anthocyanins, tannins and aromatic compounds are easily released. Cryomaceration works in a similar way. Cryomaceration is a maceration method that involves lowering the temperature of grape berries to -18℃ for a specified period of time. Under this effect, the intracellular water of berries freezes, and the formed ice crystals rupture the cellular structure, similar to micropigmentation, releasing tannins and anthocyanins [3]. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cryomaceration on the formation of chromatic parameters of grape juice before ultrasound treatment. Evidence supporting the positive effect of cryomaceration on grape juice color formation was identified and summarized.
Providing solutions for data scarcity in urban flood modeling through sensitivity analysis and DEM modifications
Authors: Dasallas Lea , An Hyunuk , Lee Seungsoo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Developing countries face significant challenges in accessing sufficient and reliable hydro-meteorological data, hindering the implementation of effective disaster management strategies. This research proposes solutions for limitations on performing flood simulations through parameter sensitivity analysis and digital elevation model (DEM) modifications. The methodology provides alternatives to account for insufficient rainfall, roughness coefficient, infiltration data in simulating large-scale rainfall-runoff, and high-resolution DEMs incorporating road and building networks for urban flood modeling. By applying the method to an extreme flood event in the Marikina Basin, Philippines, a combination of ground-based and remotely retrieved rainfall data, roughness (n = 0.3861–0.5005), and infiltration parameters (Δθ = 0.326–0.505 and ψ = 0.4547–1.565) set at the maximum range were found to replicate the increase in the upstream water level. Simulations were able to accurately capture the flood propagation along the natural and artificial barriers in the urban area compared to untreated digital terrain and surface model (DTM and DSM) data, with root-mean-square error range improvements from 0–7.13 (DTM) and 0.29–4.20 (DSM) to 0–0.63 (modified DEM). The proposed methodology significantly improved the accuracy of the simulations, which is crucial for proposing adequate flood action plans, despite the lack of high-resolution data available for under-developed nations.
Comparison of the wastewater treatment performance of continuously and discontinuously mixed high-rate algal ponds at Kingston on Murray
Authors: Butterworth Sam , Fallowfield Howard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
High-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) incorporate shallow raceway designs and paddlewheel mixing. HRAPs use UV disinfection and the symbiotic environment between microalgal photosynthesis and heterotrophic bacteria for the assimilation of nutrients for efficient wastewater treatment. Mixing of a HRAP provides a homogenous environment and influences both the disinfection of pathogens and algal growth by exposing the wastewater to sunlight. Guidelines require continuous mixing of the HRAP. This study aimed to determine the effect of cessation of mixing for 10 days, on wastewater treatment by comparison with a continuously mixed pond operated over the same period. The period of 10 days was equivalent to the HRAP hydraulic retention time. Samples of inlet and HRAP-treated wastewater were collected from the HRAP at Kingston on Murray. Parameters measured were Escherichia coli, chlorophyll a, total suspended solids (TSS), NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, PO4-P and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The discontinuously mixed and the continuously mixed HRAPs complied with the wastewater effluent guidelines, of an E. coli concentration ≤104 MPN100 mL−1 and a BOD5 of &lt;20 mg L−1. An E. coli log reduction value of &gt;1 was also recorded. This study shows that cessation of mixing for 10 days had no significant effect on HRAP wastewater treatment performance.
Molecular Machinery of the Triad Holin, Endolysin, and Spanin: Key
Players Orchestrating Bacteriophage-Induced Cell Lysis and their
Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Samir Safia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Phage therapy, a promising alternative to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections,
harnesses the lytic cycle of bacteriophages to target and eliminate bacteria. Key players in
this process are the phage lysis proteins, including holin, endolysin, and spanin, which work synergistically
to disrupt the bacterial cell wall and induce lysis. Understanding the structure and function
of these proteins is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Recombinant versions
of these proteins have been engineered to enhance their stability and efficacy. Recent progress in
the field has led to the approval of bacteriophage-based therapeutics as drugs, paving the way for
their clinical use. These proteins can be combined in phage cocktails or combined with antibiotics
to enhance their activity against bacterial biofilms, a common cause of treatment failure. Animal
studies and clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of phage therapy
in humans. Overall, phage therapy holds great potential as a valuable tool in the fight against multidrug-
resistant bacteria, offering hope for the future of infectious disease treatment.