bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economics, Marriage, and Divorce
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The economic paradigm that is the foundation of law and economics has become a more prominent account of marriage and family life in recent years, as witnessed by Gary Becker’s receipt of the Nobel Prize for Economic Science. Economic theorists in recent years have refined their models in various ways that seek to take account of the distinct characteristics of family experience. Some have drawn on these refinements to argue that economics should guide our choice of the legal rules that govern family life. At the same time, “ notwithstanding the economic importance of families and of family relations ... the economic analysis of law so far has had relatively less influence in family law than in other fields.”‘ This reflects wariness about applying to the family concepts more typically used in analyzing armslength market transactions motivated by self-interest. Proponents and critics of economic analysis of the family sometimes seem to talk past one another, if they talk at all.
Divorce Awards and Property Rhetoric
Authors: Regan Milton C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women on average confront less favorable economic prospects than men.1 Marriage often both. exacerbates and obscures this condition On the one hand, a woman’s earning power may decline during marriage because she assumes primary domestic responsibilities. On the other hand, she may benefit because resources within the household generally are not allocated strictly according to financial contribution.2 Divorce, however, often brings the economic disparity into sharp relief, as women’s financial condition worsens considerably compared to men’s. In a country in which the social welfare system tends be less extensive than in many other industrialized countries, it is natural that the extent to which a divorcing husband should have responsibility to alleviate his former wife’s economic hardship is a subject that has received considerable attention. This debate has tended to focus on the issue of what economic resources should be characterized as marital assets to which a wife has a claim at divorce.
A
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Abbey Theatre Repertory playhouse in DUBLIN associated with the IRISH LITERARY REVIVAL. In 1904, Miss Annie Fredericka Horniman, an Englishwoman and friend of the poet and playwright William Butler YEATS (one of its first co-directors), financed the reconstruction of the then unoccupied Mechanics’ Institute, located in Abbey Street. It was intended to serve as the home for the Irish National Theatre Society, founded in 1902 as a successor to the IRISH LITERARY THEATRE established by Yeats, Lady Augusta GREGORY and Edward Martyn in 1899 to promote Irish drama. On 27 December 1904, the Abbey Theatre opened with three one-act plays: Yeats’s On Baile’s Strand and Cathleen ni Houlihan and Lady Gregory’s Spreading the News. Exiles, Joyce’s only extant play, was rejected by Yeats in August 1917, because it did not evoke Irish folk drama and was not the type of play that Yeats believed could be performed well by the company. To date, Joyce’s play has never been performed at the Abbey.
C
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Cahra” The title of a poem Joyce wrote in 1903, sometime after the death of his mother on 13 August. The poem was revised in 1919 and retitled “RUMINANTS.” Joyce later rewrote the poem, yet again, renaming it “TILLY,” and placed it first in his collection Pomes Penyeach (1927). Caffrey, Cissy In Ulysses, a minor character and friend of Gerty MACDOWELL and Edy BOARDMAN. In the NAUSIKAA episode (chapter 13) she appears with them on Sandymount Strand, where Leopold BLOOM is lingering after visiting Paddy DIGNAM’s widow.
G
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gabler Edition Common designation of a revised edition of Ulysses prepared by the German Joyce scholar and textual critic Hans Walter Gabler (b. 1939), with Wolfhard Steppe and Claus Melchior, and published in three volumes under the title Ulysses: A Critical and Synoptic Edition, by Garland Publishing in 1984. In his foreword, Gabler states that his version, the only critical edition of Ulvsses, “offers a new original text” that corrects “well over 5,000 departures from the author’s own text as established from the documents of composition.” Not only are the relatively simple matters of erroneous spellings and improper punctuation corrected but omitted material is restored. For instance, the Gabler text includes a passage in the SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS episode (U 9.429-431) that is not found in the original 1922 edition or any subsequent edition of Ulysses until this one. This addition informs a passage in which Stephen DEDALUS sees an apparition of his mother in the CIRCE episode (U 15.4192--4193). (The question of whether the omission was intended by Joyce is a matter of dispute.) The Gabler edition of Ulysses quickly began to replace earlier editions of the novel in scholarly research and was for a time referred to as “the corrected text,” implying a definitive work. The 1986 Random House one-volume edition (Gabler’s text without the critical apparatus) was advertised as such. (This text was also published by the BODLEY HEAD in Britain.)
H
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hades The sixth episode of Ulysses, and the third chapter in the WANDERINGS OF ULYSSES section. It was serialized in the September 1918 issue of The LITTLE REVIEW. In Book X of The ODYSSEY of HOMER, Odysseus is instructed by Circe to seek the counsel of the blind seer, Tiresias, in Hades, the abode of the dead ruled by Hades, the brother of Zeus. In Book XI, after the necessary ritual sacrifices, Odysseus descends into Hades. There the ghost of Tiresias appears. He explains to Odysseus that Poseidon is preventing him from returning immediately to Ithaca, and he cautions Odysseus about the many dangers that he must still face on his journey.
L
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lambert, Ned (Edward J.) A character in Ulysses who first appears at the funeral of Paddy DIGNAM in the HADES episode (chapter 6). In the AEOLUS episode (chapter 7), Lambert lingers in the EVENING TELEGRAPH office over the noon hour before going off for a drink with his friend Simon DEDALUS. During the WANDERING ROCKS episode (chapter 10), Lambert gives the Rev. Hugh C. Love a tour of the old St Mary’s Abbey, the site of Silken Thomas’s renunciation of his allegiance to Henry VIII and now a grain storehouse. Still later, he stops in for a drink at BARNEY KIERNAN’S pub during the CYCLOPS episode (chapter 12).
M
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
MacCann A character, identified only by his surname, who appears in the fifth chapter of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. He is depicted as the most vocal political activist at UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN. MacCann champions the cause of pacifism, and bristles at Stephen DEDALus’s refusal to sign a document that he is circulating praising the efforts of Czar Nicholas to promote universal peace. Joyce modeled MacCann on Francis SHEEHY-SKEFFINGTON, a friend and University College classmate. MacCann also appears in Stephen Hero and in Ulysses, where he is recalled as a creditor by Stephen during the NESTOR episode (chapter 2). Although his name in these two works is Philip McCann, his character remains essentially the same.
R
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rabelais, Fran ois (1483?-1553) French humanist scholar, physician and satirist best known for his Gargantua and Pantagruelz, a bawdy chronicle of two giants, father and son. Through the exaggerated appetites and adventures of these characters and their companions, the tales ridicule the foibles, beliefs and institutions of late medieval French society. Rabelais’s employment of coarse, graphic language and his use of detailed, ludicrous catalogues that parody epic conventions are distinguishing features of his work. Such features had some influence on Joyce’s Ulysses-in the CYCLOPS episode (chapter 12), for instance, and in the numerous hallucinations that punctuate the CIRCE episode (chapter 15)-and on Finnegam Wake, which contains parodies of epic conventions and medieval romances. Although Joyce, possibly afraid of seeming derivative, resisted comparisons with Rabelais, claiming not to have read him, he did have a copy of !,es cinq livres in his Trieste library and acquired the English version, The Works of Rabelais, translated by Gustave Dore, sometime after moving to Paris in J 920. For additional details, see Letters III.40, 44 and 74n.4.
U
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ulysses ( l) Joyce’s mock-heroic epic novel celebrating the events of one day ( 16 June 1904) in the lives of three Dubliners, the novel’s main characters: Leopold BLOOM, his wife Molly BLOOM and Stephen DEDALUS. This June day is known to Joyceans everywhere as BLOOMSDAY. Published on Joyce’s fortieth birthday (2 February 1922), Ulysses is a landmark in twentieth-century literature and a watershed in the history of the novel, and next to Finnegan1• Wake, represents Joyce’s most sustained and innovative creative effort.
V
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Valery, (Ambrose) Paul (1871-1945) French poet and critic who, as a young man, was influenced by the SYMBOLIST MOVEMENT. Valery was elected to the French Academy in 1925. He first met Joyce in Paris in the early 1920s and remained friends with him through the late 1930s, although their friendship was not particularly close. On 27 June 1929, Valery was among the guests at the Dejeuner Ulysse, a luncheon organized by Adrienne MONNIER to celebrate the publication of the first French translation of .Joyce’s Ulysses. According to .Joyce’s biographer, Richard ELLMANN, Joyce especially liked the opening of Valery’s poem Ebauches d’un serpent. Vance, Eileen A character who appears in the first two chapters of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. She lives in. Bray, and is the neighbor and childhood friend of Stephen DEDALUS. Stephen’s attraction to Eileen is tempered by Dante RIORDAN’s admonition not to play with her because the Vances are Protestant. Joyce based this character on his recollections of a childhood playmate of the same name.
W
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wake Newslitter, A A journal devoted to printing notes and short essays that foster the study of Finnegans Wake. Founded by Fritz SENN and Clive HART, A Wake Newslitter was published on an irregular basis (numbers 1-18) from March 1962 to December 1963. At that point it began to appear on a bimonthly schedule, under the designation New Series, from volume 1 number 1, published in February 1964, to volume 17 number 6, which appeared in December 1980. Over this same period it also published a number of monographs on diverse topics relating to Finnegans Wake. Wandering Rocks, The The tenth episode of Ulysses and the seventh in the WANDERINGS OF ULYSSES section. It was serialized in the .June and .July 1919 issues of The LITTLE REVIEW, and the first half of the episode also appeared in the December 1919 issue of the London journal The EGOIST.
Y
Authors: Fargnoli Nicholas , Gillespie Michael Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yeats, William Butler (1865-1939) Nobel prizewinning Irish writer, cofounder of the Irish Literary Theatre, senator and one of the most influential dramatists and poets of the twentieth century, whose work dominated the Irish literary scene at the turn of the century. While Joyce admired Yeats’s artistic achievements, their approaches to creating literature were very different. Yeats’s involvement in the “Celtic Twilight”-that period of the IRISH LITERARY REVIVAL extending from the turn of the century to the beginning of World War I-his didactic and nationalist poetry and his commitment to political activity all reflected personal and artistic positions to which Joyce was opposed. Some critics have speculated that Yeats’s success as a poet influenced Joyce’s decision to concentrate his energies on creating fiction. Yet despite occasional friction (like his attack on Yeats in “The HOLY OFFICE”), any rivalry that Joyce may have felt was ultimately neutralized by a deep admiration for Yeats’s work.
Myth or Ritual
Authors: Bell Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of ritual began with a prolonged and influential debate on the origins of religion that gave rise to several important styles of interpretation—evolutionary, sociological, and psychological—from which new fields of scholarship emerged. The simple question at the heart of this productive controversy was whether religion and culture were originally rooted in myth or in ritual. While the theoretical positions people adopted were more diverse and nuanced than any simple answer to this question would imply, their general emphases were nonetheless clear and decisive. This section will present this debate insofar as it influenced thinking about religion. There are four main lines of thought: several early theorists who raised the issues; the myth and ritual schools, which tended to see ritual as the source of religion and culture; a loose set of phenomenologists of religion who tended to emphasize myth; and, finally, the psychoanalytic approach, which borrowed heavily from all these areas. At various times in the last century, representatives of most of these groups have of fered interpretations of the ancient Babylonian new year ritual known as the Akitu festival. Hence, a profile of these competing interpretations provides the opportunity to witness these theories at work.
The Relationship between the Two Recensions
Authors: Bergren Theodore A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analysis in chapter 3 established the interrelationships of the manuscripts and other witnesses to the text of 6 Ezra up to the point oft and u, the two main hyparchic types of the stemma. It has been shown that for 4 and 5 Ezra, these two Hyarchetypes manifest two distinct textual recensions, usually labeled the “French” and “Spanish,” respectively.’ Given what is known about the transmission history of 6 Ezra, it would not be surprising were it found that, here too, the two Hyarchetypes are textually distinct enough to represent two different editorial recensions. Indeed, even a cursory examination of these two texts indicates that this is the case. The purpose of this chapter, then, is to examine the relationship between these texts in order to discern the nature and origin of this relationship.
The Problem of God’s Anger
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moreover, this anger may occur in complex combinations with their love. There is no neat polarization of emotions here. For theologians intent on depicting God as a neoclassical or sentimental character, these biblical passages have presented a real difficulty. Indeed, this may be the chief problem underlying efforts to depict God in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Protestant theology. Liberal theologians found help here in new forms of biblical criticism and doctrinal interpretation. But this did not solve the problem entirely and in some instances aggravated it. Conservatives, for their part, while maintaining allegiance in theory to traditional Protestant doctrines that had recognized God’s anger, still developed neoclassical characterizations of God.
Love in the Trinity
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The great problem with romantic love is that it makes a character look weak and confused. In neoclassicism, love blends with reason into a serene benevolence. Even in sentimentalism, where love is more properly a passion, one mainly suffers for others, not for oneself. But in romantic love you long for someone else and suffer for yourself. This is why in the end it was almost easier to ascribe romantic anger rather than romantic love to God. If anger in humanitarianism had been associated with weakness, in romanticism it could be associated with strength. Romanticism, in a sense, reverses the neoclassical and sentimental polarization of emotions, making love now look weak and anger strong. Romanticism also can shatter this polarization. Then you get the romantic emotional state par excellence: ambivalence. A character weakened by love may seek to assert himself through anger—at the person loved.
Desire and Disgust
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A year after the publication of Baird’s 1860 treatise, The First and Second Adam, Horace Bushnell revised his 1847 work, Christian Nurture. Like Baird, Bushnell also gave Romans 5 an anthropomorphic gloss by characterizing God as a propagative force. Instead of drawing on the prophecy from Isaiah, however, Bushnell drew on the second chapter of Malachi, which also referred to God’s “seed.” The difference between the two verses was significant, for using the verse in Malachi made it easier for Bushnell to suggest that God the Father, rather than Christ, was involved with this “seed.” This helped Bushnell to leave aside the Trinity as God’s propagative sphere. In place of this, Bushnell imagined a more individuated characterization of God in a direct relationship with the human race.
Prospects
Authors: Jenkins Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relationship between theology and literature, of course, is only one aspect of theological development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A more comprehensive analysis of this development would need to focus more on science, especially the challenges that Darwinism posed to theology during this period. But a historical understanding of how neoclassical and sentimental characterizations of God persisted in the twentieth century may give us insight for future study into the challenge of Darwinism. For instance, we can ask, what was it that made Darwinism such a shock to theology in the late nineteenth century? The harshness of Darwinian nature was certainly a factor; such a vision of nature seemed incompatible with the character of God. But is this because theologians assumed that God must have a neoclassical character, a character suited to the enlightenment vision of nature? An emotionally complex characterization of God might prove more resonant with the complexity we now see in nature.1
“Prayer-Meetings ... in all parts of the land” The Revival Takes Shape as History
Authors: Long Kathryn Teresa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among Its Front-Page letters to the editor on September 30, 1858, the New York Christian Advocate and Journal ran a note calling for a book about the Revival of 1857-58: “Is it not the duty of the M.E. [Methodist Epis copal] Church, through some of her sons, to furnish the public and posterity a standard work on this subject? We have had a prominent share of the labors and fruits of this revival; and we owe it to God, his general Church, and the world to render our tribute of history in this matter. Who will undertake it-who?”1 It was a clarion call, and an answer quickly arrived, but not, perhaps, as the writer had hoped. By the end of the year five books had been written about the revival, three of them destined to become the standard primary-source accounts. But all were written or edited by men who stood in the tradition of John Calvin rather than John Wesley. The three narrative works were The Power of Prayer, by Samuel Irenaeus Prime; The Noon Prayer Meeting of the North Dutch Church, by Talbot W. Chambers; and Narratives of Remarkable Conversions and Revival Incidents, by William C. Conant. The other two books were The Revival and Its Lessons, a collection of tracts written during the revival by James W. Alexander, and an anthology of sermons, The New York Pulpit in the Revival of I858, edited by Prime.
The Presbyterian Challenge
Authors: Cooper James F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Meeting Privately In 1641, a group of Massachusetts ministers addressed a proposition that ought to have occasioned no debate whatsoever: “that the assembly of elders have power over particular churches.” At length, the clergymen reaffirmed the long-standing principle of Congregational autonomy-that every church enjoyed “government within itself”-but not before pastor John Eliot of Roxbury offered a spirited justification for the binding authority of the collective elders. Eliot was not alone in his belief that a decade of New World experiences pointed to the need for stronger consociational authority in church government.
The Recapitation of Young Grooms
Authors: Nabokov Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ceremony that incorporates the newly dead into Tamil household devotions should become familiar since it is structurally identical to the pey-exorcism discussed in chapters 5 and 6.1 From beginning to end, it exploits the same tripartite core sequence of actions, the same linguistic and bodily enactments, and is likewise performed by the ritual musicians, known as pampaikkii.rar. But since these family dead are honored guests whose presence is highly desired, their intervention is invested with contradictory significance; the structure of their ritual operations and their objectives stand in binary opposition to those that “make the demon-pey run away. ” Rather than working toward the separation, or what Luc de Heusch terms, the “disjunction ” of human and supernatural spheres, their objective here is to achieve the fusion or “conjunction ” between the living and the dead (1981: 213). In presenting this opposition this chapter will depart from the mode of narration one finds throughout the rest of this book. Rather than describing a particular enactment by specific protagonists in an actual context, here I construct an abstract performance, divorced of social processes and personal interests. I do this because it was when I reduced this ritual to its bare essentials and compared it to the exorcism that I came to grasp its symbolism and the full significance of its climactic sequence. As we will see, such comparative perspectives clearly highlight the fact that this ritual ends up enacting personal transformations that are alike in all ways to those affected by the exorcism except that they are opposed. They also suggest that the ceremonial incorporation of the dead in the household is just as prescriptive and just as coercive on the Tamil self as the ritual which expels the demons from this world.
Aseneth and Mystical Transformation in the Hekhalot Traditions
Authors: Wolff Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within the traditions that envision intercourse between the human and the divine, encounters with suprahuman beings often exhibit a strong mystical dimension. They focus, that is, on the extraordinary and the spiritual, on the fate of souls and the cosmos. Sometimes they impute cosmic significance to seemingly ordinary or earthly events. They may be contrasted, perhaps, with narratives such as those in Judges 6 and Judges 13 that focus on events in this world, on the ordinary, and on the bodily, although the distinction may often be a subtle one of emphasis and degree rather than kind. Already within the biblical tradition, the visions of Daniel afford an excellent example of such mystical encounters, where the “human figure” whom Daniel sees comes to “help you understand what is to happen to your people at the end of days.” Within the wider circle of Greco-Roman religious traditions, encounters with the divine in the mysteries of Isis, Mithras, Cybele, Demeter, and Dionysos similarly had significance for the fate of the soul, particularly after death.