bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediation within the French Industrial Relations Context: The SFR Cegetel Case
Authors: Rojot Jacques , Le Flanchec Alice , Landrieux‐Kartochian Sophie 
Published: September 2005

This article examines the introduction of mediation in the French industrial relations context, as illustrated by the case of the SFR Cegetel collective agreement on social dialogue, which was signed in June 2002. This article provides an overview of relevant French legislation and explores why mediation is used so infrequently in France to settle labor conflicts, examines the growing interest in mediation in France as exemplified in the implementation of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) programs in several firms, and analyzes the barriers and incentives to mediation as well as the impact of internal mediation on the relations between management and employees.We conclude that while inherited customs and lack of information curtail the use of mediation, disputants increasingly favor mediation as an option when they wish to gain time or when the situation is filled with especially acute open conflict. In addition, we conclude that the introduction of mediation favors a more participatory style of management, improves relationships between management and employees, and induces a better social dialogue within the firm.
Secondhand smoke and respiratory ill health in current smokers
Authors: Lam T-H , Ho L-M , Hedley A J , Adab P , Fielding R , McGhee S M , Leung G M , Aharonson-Daniel L 
Published: September 2005

Background:Numerous studies have concluded that secondhand smoke (SHS) is harmful to non-smokers but controversy persists regarding its effects on smokers. The impact of SHS exposure on the acute respiratory health of current active smokers was examined using a cross sectional design.Methods:9923 uniformed staff in the Hong Kong Police Force completed a standardised questionnaire on current and past smoking, SHS exposure at home and at work, acute respiratory symptoms, and recent physician consultation. 3999 male current smokers were included in the analysis.Results:About 5% of the smokers were exposed to SHS at home only, 53% were exposed at work only, and 30% were exposed both at home and at work. The prevalence ratios for respiratory symptoms (throat and nasal problems, cough, phlegm, and wheeze), physician consultation, and self medication were higher for those who were exposed to SHS at home or at work. The odds ratios of reporting one or more respiratory symptoms, for SHS exposures at home or at work, were 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 1.59) and 1.66 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.02) respectively, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, rank and duties, exposure to self perceived dusty or polluted environment in previous job, and total dose of active smoking. The adjusted odds ratios showed significant positive dose–response gradients with SHS exposure at home, at work, and at both places combined.Conclusions:SHS exposure is strongly associated with increased acute respiratory symptoms and recent outpatient service utilisation in current smokers. If the association is causal, public health action to limit SHS exposure could also benefit smokers.
The relationship between ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) genotype and motor unit physiology: preliminary studies
Authors: Conwit Robin A , Ling Shari , Roth Stephen , Stashuk Daniel , Hurley Ben , Ferrell Robert , Metter E Jeffrey 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is important for neuronal and muscle development, and genetic variation in the CNTF gene has been associated with muscle strength. The effect of CNTF on nerve development suggests that CNTF genotype may be associated with force production via its influence on motor unit size and firing patterns. The purpose of this study is to examine whether CNTF genotype differentially affects motor unit activation in the vastus medialis with increasing isometric force during knee extension.

Results
Sixty-nine healthy subjects were genotyped for the presence of the G and A (null) alleles in the CNTF gene (n = 57 G/G, 12 G/A). They were tested using a dynamometer during submaximal isometric knee extension contractions that were from 10–50% of their maximal strength. During the contractions, the vastus medialis was studied using surface and intramuscular electromyography with spiked triggered averaging to assess surface-detected motor unit potential (SMUP) area and mean firing rates (mFR) from identified motor units. CNTF genotyping was performed using standard PCR techniques from DNA obtained from leucocytes of whole blood samples. The CNTF G/A genotype was associated with smaller SMUP area motor units and lower mFR at higher force levels, and fewer but larger units at lower force levels than G/G homozygotes. The two groups used motor units with different size and activation characteristics with increasing force generation. While G/G subjects tended to utilize larger motor units with increasing force, G/A subjects showed relatively less increase in size by using relatively larger units at lower force levels. At higher force levels, G/A subjects were able to generate more force per motor unit size suggesting more efficient motor unit function with increasing muscle force.

Conclusion
Differential motor unit responses were observed between CNTF genotypes at force levels utilized in daily activities.
A Green, Facile, and One-pot Synthesis of 2,4-(1H,3H)-Quinazolinediones under Microwave Irradiations
Authors: Nikpour Farzad , Paibast Touraj 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Quinazoline-2,4-diones are of considerable interest due to their wide pharmacological properties. Here, we have described an environmentally friendly method for the one-pot synthesis of 2,4-(1H,3H)-quinazolinediones from the reaction of anthranilic acid derivatives with urea in H2O media under microwave irradiations. This method is simple, safe, and fast which produces high yield of products without use of any catalyst.
Synthesis of New Stereoregular Host Polymers for Organic Intercalation by Solid-state Hydrolysis Using Layered Syndiotactic Polymer Crystals
Authors: Oshita Shinya , Tanaka Toshihiro , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
meso- and racemo-disyndiotactic muconate polymers, which were prepared by the solid-state polymerization of the substituted benzyl esters of muconic acid, were converted to the corresponding stereoregular poly(muconic acid)s with a layered structure by solid-state hydolysis to examine their feature as the host polymers for organic intercalation.
The t-Butylation of Phenol in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide over H–Y Zeolite. Remarkable Enhancement of Catalytic Performance for the Formation of 2,4-Di-t-butylphenol
Authors: Kamalakar Gunda , Komura Kenichi , Sugi Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Remarkable enhancement of the formation of 2,4-di-t-butylphenol was observed in the t-butylation of phenol over H–Y zeolite under supercritical CO2 medium. Supercritical CO2 renders active sites free for the catalysis by fast removal of coke-precursors.
Double Nucleophilic Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to α,β-Unsaturated Aldimines Promoted by Aluminum Chloride: Preparation of 2-Aminopentanedinitrile
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Kamiya Makiko , Hachiya Iwao 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
In the presence of AlCl3, trimethylsilyl cyanide underwent 1,4- and subsequent 1,2-additions with α,β-unsaturated imines to give 2-aminopentanedinitriles in good yields. An asymmetric version of this type of bis-cyanation was successfully conducted using a chiral α,β-unsaturated imine possessing a phenylglycinol derivative as a chiral auxiliary.
A Novel Heteroligated Phenoxy-based Titanium Complex: Structure, Stability, and Ethylene Polymerization Behavior
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiko , Oshiki Toshiyuki , Tanaka Hidetsugu , Takai Kazuhiko , Fujita Terunori 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A new phenoxy–imine and phenoxy–ketone heteroligated titanium complex was obtained by hydrolysis of one of the two imine moieties of a bis(phenoxy–imine)Ti complex. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the complex assumes an octahedral coordination geometry with a cis-phenoxy-O’s and cis-Cl’s disposition. NMR studies demonstrated that the complex does not undergo disproportionation. In association with methylaluminoxane, the complex behaved as a non-living-type single-site catalyst for ethylene polymerization.
Finite element modelling of marine clay deformation under reclamation fills
Authors: Arulrajah A. , Nikraz H. , Bo M. W. 
Published: September 2005

The ongoing Changi East Reclamation Project in Singapore consists of land reclamation and ground improvement of the foreshore for the future expansion of Changi International Airport. The deformation behaviour of marine clay under reclamation fills and surcharge was modelled by the finite element method (FEM) with Plaxis numerical modelling software. The analyses included modelling the consolidation behaviour of marine clay under reclamation fills with and without prefabricated vertical drains. Marine clay with vertical drains was modelled by both the axisymmetric unit cell and full-scale analysis methods. Marine clay that was not treated with prefabricated vertical drains was modelled by means of full-scale analysis. The numerical analysis was carried out at two case study locations: the pilot test site and the in situ test site. The test sites comprise vertical drain treated and untreated sub-areas that were reclaimed and preloaded under the same conditions. The result of the FEM analysis was compared with that obtained by means of observational methods. The vertical drain performance was verified for the in situ test site by using the value of Ch obtained from back-analysis by the Asaoka method and by FEM with Plaxis. Le Projet de Changi East qui se poursuit actuellement à Singapour consiste à récupérer des terres sur la mer et à améliorer le sol du littoral en vue de l'agrandissement futur de l'aéroport international de Changi. Le comportement de déformation de l'argile marine sous les remblais de récupération a été modélisé par la méthode d'éléments finis (FEM) avec le logiciel de modélisation numérique Plaxis. Les analyses comprenaient la modélisation du comportement de consolidation de l'argile marine sous les remblais de récupération avec et sans drains verticaux préfabriqués. L'argile marine avec drains verticaux a été modélisée à la fois par cellule unitaire axisymétrique et par des méthodes d'analyse grandeur nature. L'argile marine qui n'a pas été traitée avec des drains verticaux préfabriqués a été modélisée au moyen d'analyses de grandeur nature. Des analyses numériques ont été effectuées dans deux endroits d'étude: les sites d'essai pilote et les sites d'essai in situ. Les sites d'essai sont composés de sous-zones traitées et non traitées par des drains verticaux, zones qui ont été récupérées et préchargées dans les mêmes conditions. Nous avons comparé les résultats des analyses FEM avec celles obtenues au moyen de méthodes observationnelles. La performance du drain vertical a été vérifiée pour le site d'essai in situ en utilisant la valeur de Ch venant d'une rétro-analyse par la méthode Asaoka et par FEM avec Plaxis.
Screening Sexually Active Adolescents for Chlamydia trachomatis : What About the Boys?
Authors: Tebb Kathleen P. , Pantell Robert H. , Wibbelsman Charles J. , Neuhaus John M. , Tipton Ann C. , Pecson Samantha C. , Pai-Dhungat Meaghan , Ko Timothy H. , Shafer Mary-Ann B. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We sought to determine the effectiveness of a systems-based intervention designed to increase Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) screening among adolescent boys. Methods. An intervention aimed at increasing CT screening among adolescent girls was extended to adolescent boys (14–18 years). Ten pediatric clinics in a health maintenance organization with an ethnically diverse population were randomized. Experimental clinics participated in a clinical practice improvement intervention; control clinics received traditional information on screening. Results. The intervention significantly increased CT screening at the experimental sites from 0% (baseline) to 60% (18-month posttest); control sites evidenced a change only from 0% to 5%. The overall prevalence of CT was 4%. Conclusions. Although routine CT screening is currently recommended only for young sexually active women, the present results show that screening interventions can be successful in the case of adolescent boys, among whom CT is a moderate problem.
The World Health Organization European Health in Prisons Project After 10 Years: Persistent Barriers and Achievements
Authors: Gatherer Alex , Moller Lars , Hayton Paul 
Published: September 2005

The recognition that good prison health is important to general public health has led 28 countries in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO) to join a WHO network dedicated to improving health within prisons. Within the 10 years since that time, vital actions have been taken and important policy documents have been produced. A key factor in making progress is breaking down the isolation of prison health services and bringing them into closer collaboration with the country’s public health services. However, barriers to progress remain. A continuing challenge is how best to move from policy recommendations to implementation, so that the network’s fundamental aim of noticeable improvements in the health and care of prisoners is further achieved.
Effect of a Tailored Physical Activity Intervention Delivered in General Practice Settings: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van Sluijs Esther M.F. , van Poppel Mireille N.M. , Twisk Jos W.R. , Chin A Paw Marijke J. , Calfas Karen J. , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of a minimal intervention physical activity strategy (physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise [PACE]) applied in general practice settings in the Netherlands. Methods. Randomization took place at the general practice level. Participants were patients aged 18–70 years of age who had been diagnosed with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or non–insulin-dependent diabetes and had not been regularly physically active in the past 6 months. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 8-week, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups. Results. No significant intervention effect over time was observed on physical activity level or stage of change for regular physical activity, and an inverse intervention effect was observed for waist circumference. However, the study population as a whole exhibited a significant increase in physical activity and a borderline significant decrease in body weight at the 1-year follow-up. Conclusions. Positive effects on physical activity level and body weight were observed, but the PACE intervention was not more effective than the standard physical activity advice.
Effects of Recreational Physical Activity and Back Exercises on Low Back Pain and Psychological Distress: Findings From the UCLA Low Back Pain Study
Authors: Hurwitz Eric L. , Morgenstern Hal , Chiao Chi 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We sought to estimate the effects of recreational physical activity and back exercises on low back pain, related disability, and psychological distress among patients randomized to chiropractic or medical care in a managed care setting. Methods. Low back pain patients (n=681) were randomized and followed for 18 months. Participation in recreational physical activities, use of back exercises, and low back pain, related disability, and psychological distress were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted associations of physical activity and back exercises with concurrent and subsequent pain, disability, and psychological distress. Results. Participation in recreational physical activities was inversely associated—both cross-sectionally and longitudinally—with low back pain, related disability, and psychological distress. By contrast, back exercise was positively associated—both cross-sectionally and longitudinally—with low back pain and related disability. Conclusions. These results suggest that individuals with low back pain should refrain from specific back exercises and instead focus on nonspecific physical activities to reduce pain and improve psychological health.
Public Health Implications of Substandard Correctional Health Care
Authors: Restum Zulficar Gregory 
Published: September 2005

US citizens face a growing threat of contracting communicable diseases owing to the high recidivism rate in state and federal prisons, poor screening and treatment of prisoners, and inferior follow-up health care upon their release. Insufficient education about communicable diseases—for prisoners and citizens alike—and other problems, such as prejudice against prisoners, escalating costs, and an unreliable correctional health care delivery system for inmates, all contribute to a public health problem that requires careful examination and correction for the protection of everyone involved.
An Unanswered Health Disparity: Tuberculosis Among Correctional Inmates, 1993 Through 2003
Authors: MacNeil Jessica R. , Lobato Mark N. , Moore Marisa 
Published: September 2005

Objectives: We sought to describe disparities and trends in tuberculosis (TB) risk factors and treatment outcomes between correctional inmate and noninmate populations. Methods: We analyzed data reported to the national TB surveillance system from 1993 through 2003. We compared characteristics between inmate and non-inmate men aged 15–64 years. Results: Of the 210976 total US TB cases, 3.8% (7820) were reported from correctional systems. Federal and state prison case rates were 29.4 and 24.2 cases per 100000 inmates, respectively, which were considerably higher than those in the noninmate population (6.7 per 100000 people). Inmates with TB were more likely to have at least 1 TB risk factor compared with noninmates (60.1% vs 42.0%, respectively) and to receive directly observed therapy (65.0% vs 41.0%, respectively); however, they were less likely to complete treatment (76.8% vs 89.4%, respectively). Among inmates, 58.9% completed treatment within 12 months compared with 73.2% of noninmates. Conclusions: Tuberculosis case rates in prison systems remain higher than in the general population. Inmates with TB are less likely than noninmates to complete treatment.
Get Connected: An HIV Prevention Case Management Program for Men and Women Leaving California Prisons
Authors: Myers Janet , Zack Barry , Kramer Katie , Gardner Mick , Rucobo Gonzalo , Costa-Taylor Stacy 
Published: September 2005

Individuals leaving prison face challenges to establishing healthy lives in the community, including opportunities to engage in behavior that puts them at risk for HIV transmission. HIV prevention case management (PCM) can facilitate linkages to services, which in turn can help remove barriers to healthy behavior. As part of a federally funded demonstration project, the community-based organization Centerforce provided 5 months of PCM to individuals leaving 3 state prisons in California. Program effects were measured by assessing changes in risk behavior, access to services, reincarnation, and program completion. Although response rates preclude definitive conclusions, HIV risk behavior did decrease. Regardless of race, age, or gender, those receiving comprehensive health services were significantly more likely to complete the program. PCM appears to facilitate healthy behavior for individuals leaving prison.
Preventive Care for Women in Prison: A Qualitative Community Health Assessment of the Papanicolaou Test and Follow-Up Treatment at a California State Women’s Prison
Authors: Magee Catherine G. , Hult Jen R. , Turalba Ruby , McMillan Shelby 
Published: September 2005

Growing evidence indicates that women in prison are particularly vulnerable to many negative health outcomes, including cervical cancer. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is an effective tool to screen for this disease. To determine what is and is not working with the Pap test and follow-up treatment, we performed qualitative interviews with women prisoners and key informants at a California state women’s prison. Our assessment revealed that the process of administering Pap tests at this institution was not meeting the health care needs of the women interviewed. Women reported having negative experiences during the test and with their health care providers. Additionally the prison’s culture and infrastructure create obstacles that hinder prisoners from receiving quality care and providers from delivering that care. In response, women prisoners use self-and community advocacy to meet their health care needs and cope with these challenges.
Detecting Mental Disorder in Juvenile Detainees: Who Receives Services
Authors: Teplin Linda A. , Abram Karen M. , McClelland Gary M. , Washburn Jason J. , Pikus Ann K. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We determined whether or not juvenile detainees with major mental disorders received treatment, and the variables that predicted who received services.Methods. Our sample was 1829 randomly selected juvenile detainees taking part in the Northwestern Juvenile Project. To determine need for mental health services, independent interviewers administered the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children and rated functional impairment using the Child Global Assessment Scale. Records on service provision were obtained from the juvenile justice and public health systems.Results. Among detainees who had major mental disorders and associated functional impairments, 15.4% received treatment in the detention center and 8.1% received treatment in the community by the time of case disposition or 6 months, whichever came first. Significantly more girls than boys were detected and treated. Receiving treatment was predicted by clinical variables (having a major mental disorder or reported treatment history or suicidal behavior) and demographic variables.Conclusions. The challenge to public health is to provide accessible, innovative, and effective treatments to juvenile detainees, a population that is often beyond the reach of traditional services.
Stress induced by the Mio-Pliocene Alpine collision in northern France
Authors: Rocher Muriel , Cushing Marc , Lemeille Francis , Baize Stéphane 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
In most rocks, tectonic stress induces crystalline deformation, such as mechanical twinning. The inverse analysis of calcite twinning allows reconstruction of both directions and values of the paleostress field. The Etchecopar inverse method using calcite twinning has been improved in this paper, lowering the uncertainties on the calculated stress values. Calcite was sampled in the foreland of the western Alps, along a SE-NW section from the Jura Mountains to the Isle of Wight. The calcite twinning inversion has identified the successive Cenozoic tectonic events, named “Pyrenean” compression, “Oligocene” extension and “Alpine” compression.
The distribution of the Mio-Pliocene Alpine orogenic stress was specified. This stress field varies in terms of stress regime, directions and values. The horizontal principal stress trends E-W in southern France, WNW in the centre, and NW in the North, which can be attributed to the Alpine indenter phenomenon. The tectonic stress regime roughly corresponds to a pure compression in the Jura and rapidly evolves to the NW to a strike-slip state of stress, then beyond the Paris basin’s centre to a perpendicular extension. Unlike the Pyrenean or Appalachian foreland stress, the Alpine differential stress does not significantly decrease from the Jura front to the far field (30 to 25 MPa). Moreover, stress values vary from one area to another, low in the Burgundy high, fractured and uprising during this tectonic event, and high in Paris basin centre, poorly fractured and subsiding during this event. Three possible explanations are proposed : variation in crust thickness, crustal buckling during the Mio-Pliocene, and pre-existing fractures.