bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitude of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Toward Colorectal Cancer Risk, Its Management, and the Role of Healthcare Providers: A Cross-Sectional Study in the UK
Authors: Khan Fiza , Norton Christine , Czuber-Dochan Wladyslawa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Limited literature exists on patients’ knowledge of CRC risk and management. Attitude toward doctor-recommended management and the role of healthcare providers (HCPs) in CRC risk awareness remain unexplored. This study aimed to fill the gap in knowledge about CRC risk awareness and management in IBD patients in the UK.

Methods
This cross-sectional internet-based study was conducted in April–July 2019. Adult (&gt;18 years) IBD patients with a confirmed diagnosis for 2 years and adequate command of English language were invited from non-Natinal Health Services sources. A self-designed and piloted questionnaire with open- and closed-ended questions was used. Closed-ended data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Ninety-two participants (52.5% Crohn’s disease and 67.5% females) responded. Around 88% knew that IBD increased CRC risk. Only 20.7% were aware of colonoscopy as the best screening tool; 88% were unaware of screening initiation time. Almost 90% would agree to a doctor’s recommendation of colonoscopy. For dysplasia with 10% risk of CRC, 46.7% would not agree with colectomy. Some 48% reported to have never had a discussion about the risk of CRC in IBD with their HCPs, while 58% were not informed of the role of screening and surveillance in managing CRC risk.

Conclusions
IBD patients were poorly aware of CRC risk management and had mixed willingness to comply with a doctor’s recommendation. HCP’s role in cancer knowledge dissemination was suboptimal and patients desired more information.
Noncommunicable diseases, risk factors, commercial determinants
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Published: October 2023

Unhealthy diet is an important risk factor for chronic diseases. Often this is seen as an individual level problem, but what we eat to a large extent is determined by complex, external factors, that lie outside the direct scope of control of individuals. In this plenary, the link between the commercial determinants of health, diet, and chronic diseases will be explored with a focus on positive action and what can be done concretely to improve our food systems and diets and thereby our health. The topic will be addressed from several angles, looking e.g., at what policy and legislation can achieve, how civil society can contribute, and how we can empower individuals through improved health literacy.

Moderators:
Josep Figueras, Director European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Nicole Mauer, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies

Introductory keynote speaker:
Iveta Nagyova, President EUPHA and Head of the Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia

Speakers/Panellists:
Mark Petticrew, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
Amandine Garde, Public Health and School of Law and Social Justice, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Simon Bacon, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Safeguarding health together: preparing the European Union's health priorities
Authors:   Organised by: European Commission, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Published: October 2023

The European Commission has launched a public debate on health priorities of the European Union in partnership with the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Earlier during the EPH Conference (Thursday), a workshop was held in which these matters were discussed. This plenary session is a follow-up to the workshop and takes the debate a step further. In the debate that has taken place so far, various stakeholders expressed their views on the actions and results of the current health programme. This short review is followed by in-depth discussions about the future. This plenary session will allow participants to dig deeper into policy-relevant topics. How do we keep health at the forefront of political agendas? How do we tackle current challenges such as climate change and ageing, as well as strengthening and promoting the sustainable transformation of health systems in the digital age? Panellists will provide expert knowledge and opinions to steer the debate. The audience is invited to share their perspectives. The ultimate aim of this public debate is to generate ideas, gather perspectives and to establish a meaningful dialogue that can support the European Union in carving out health priorities for the future.

Moderator:
Josep Figueras, Director European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies

Speakers/Panelists:
Isabel de la Mata, Principal Adviser for Health and Crisis Management, Health and Food Safety Directorate General, European Commission
Martin McKee, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
Matthias Wismar, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies
Climate Smart Chefs for LIFE: an evaluation of the Foodprint tool for reformulating menus
Authors: Martin S , Castaldi S , Nicholson W , Magnani A , Antonelli M , O'Brien K , Kirwan L B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The food system is a significant contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and foodservice has a substantial environmental impact. Chefs can drive the transition to sustainable and climate-resilient food systems by designing healthy and sustainable menus. The LIFE Climate Smart Chef project provides chefs with education and resources to reduce the carbon and water foodprints of their menus. This study provides a quantitative analysis of recipes by chefs before and after completing the first Climate Smart Chef (CSC) training course. The carbon and water foodprint of recipes were analysed using the SuEatable LIFE database and the Nutritics Foodprint system. Recipes created by chefs were batch exported from Nutritics and this was repeated once the recipes had been reformulated (n 63). The environmental impact of the recipes was analysed using the Nutritics Foodprint system and Excel. Reformulation resulted in an average carbon foodprint reduction of 1.34kg CO2eq/serving (mean 49%; range 0% to -99%) and a water foodprint reduction of 789.233L/serving (mean 34%; range -181% to -90%).There was a reduction of -232.19kcal/serving in energy, -15.79g/serving in fat (with saturated fat reduced by an average of -6.73g/serving), - 12.4g/serving in protein, - 8.84g/serving in carbohydrate, and - 0.68g/serving in fibre. The average reduction in salt was 0.07g/serving, while the sugar content increased by an average of 0.15g/serving. The CSC project used Nutritics Foodprint to reformulate 63 recipes, reducing carbon and water foodprints. Estimating the impact of reformulation can contribute to evidence based action. Impact on nutrients needs to be considered in reformulation. Further research is needed on affordability, scalability, and consumer behaviour.

Key messages
• Chefs reduced their carbon foodprint by 1.34kg CO2eq/serving (49%) and water foodprint by 789L/serving (34%).
• Education and reformulation tools such as Foodprint may contribute to a sustainable foodservice.
1.B. Workshop: Exploring vaccine hesitancy in Europe: understanding complexities and determinants
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-EPI, EUPHA-ETH, EUPHA-IDC, UK Faculty of Public Health,   Chair persons: Angelo Maria Pezzullo (EUPHA-EPI), Farhang Tahzib (EUPHA-ETH)
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Vaccination is a cornerstone of public health, yet vaccine hesitancy continues to pose significant challenges in Europe, impacting vaccination rates and, consequently, infectious disease control. Vaccine hesitancy has been defined as “the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services” and as a complex and context-specific phenomenon that varies across time, place, and vaccines. Unpacking the complexity and underlying issues that drive vaccine hesitancy across different populations and settings might prove crucial to address this issue effectively. For this reason, this workshop aims to provide information on the spatiotemporal magnitude, trends and patterns of vaccine hesitancy and its determinants in different European populations and settings. It will do that by delving into the socioeconomic, political, and commercial factors that influence vaccine hesitancy in Western and Eastern Europe, among migrants and refugees, and ethnic minorities, as well as healthcare workers. By exploring these aspects from various perspectives, participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of vaccine hesitancy/acceptance and the importance of trust and engagement in promoting public health. The workshop will consist of five presentations, each focusing on a specific aspect of vaccine hesitancy, to provide insights into the multifaceted nature of the problem. The cohesive structure, and a moderated Q&A session, will facilitate meaningful discussions and collaboration, ultimately supporting international, intergenerational, and multi-professional exchange of information that may lead to the development of more evidence-informed strategies to tackle vaccine hesitancy.

Key messages
• Comprehending vaccine hesitancy complexities is vital for crafting evidence-based interventions, enhancing public health in Europe.
• Address trust, engagement, and socio-political factors to combat vaccine hesitancy, boost coverage, and prep for future pandemics in Europe.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Adults from 27 European Countries: Evidence from a Longitudinal Analysis of Population-Based Surveys
Authors: Wilk P , Cuschieri S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Containment and restriction measures introduced during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have had a negative effect on the health and well-being of individuals, regardless of whether or not they were infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We assessed how the pandemic impacted the overall well-being of middle-aged and older adults residing in 27 European countries. In particular, we assessed how having COVID-19 illness or experiencing symptoms associated with Long COVID impacted change in the level of well-being.

Methods
We used data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe's Corona Surveys collected in 2020 and 2021. The sample consisted of 47,964 respondents aged 50 years and older. The outcome variable was the across-time change in the repeated measures of well-being which were operationalized as two latent variables. We used structural equation modeling techniques (i.e., latent change score models) to assess the effects of the relevant risk factors (demographics, socio-economic, chronic conditions, social support) on change in the level of well-being.

Results
Overall, 8% or respondents were infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and 73% of those who were infected reported at least one persistent symptom associated with Long COVID. The results from the analyses indicate that individuals who were affected by COVID-19 illness had a significantly larger decline in the level of well-being than those not affected by this illness and that this decline was more pronounced among those who had Long COVID. We also observed that the degree of change in the level of well-being was associated with the risk factors.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the well-being of Europeans and its effects were more pronounced among those directly affected by COVID-19 illness. However, the magnitude of this effect differed across sub-groups of individuals.
Local approach to attributable disease burden: case study for air pollution and mortality in Belgium
Authors: Pauwels A , De Clercq E M , Demoury C , Devleesschauwer B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Comparative risk assessment is commonly applied to derive the share of the burden of disease attributable to specific risk factors, including air pollution. This method is usually conducted at national level, meaning areas and population groups within the country cannot be compared. We propose a novel approach, where the burden attributable to air pollution is derived locally. Mortality in Belgium due to long-term exposure to particulate matter with diameter &lt;2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is derived for the year 2019. In the local method, the attributable burden is calculated at the statistical sector, the smallest territorial unit. Results for individual sectors with small populations are potentially biased when using a concentration-response function (CRF) for the general population. Therefore, the local method is validated by comparing the results, summed to the Belgian total, to estimates derived with a ‘global’ national-scale approach. The discrepancy between the two methods is compared with the uncertainty related to exposure (5th and 95th concentration percentiles) and to the CRF (95% confidence interval of the relative risk), where the central global estimate acts as a baseline. The difference due to methods is limited to under 2% for both pollutants: 8665 deaths derived globally vs. 8588 (-77) locally for PM2.5, and 3688 globally vs. 3633 (-55) locally for NO2. For PM2.5, the method discrepancy and exposure uncertainty (-128, +236) are comparable in magnitude, while both are severely outweighed by CRF uncertainty (-2039, +990). For NO2, the exposure uncertainty (-300, +735) is substantially higher, which could be expected given its greater spatial variability, although CRF uncertainty (-1819, +3495) is again greatest. The local attributable burden method shows potential for comparing areas and population groups at subnational level, on the condition that the results are aggregated to a sufficiently large scale to compensate for possible bias.

Key messages
• A local burden of disease method offers possibilities for comparing areas and population groups at subnational level.
• Validation by comparison with global results shows that potential local bias is mitigated after sufficient aggregation.
Effects of digitalisation on preventive care and time pressure of primary care physicians
Authors: Virtanen L , Lääveri T , Kaihlanen A M , Kainiemi E , Vehko T , Heponiemi T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Excessive workload and waiting times in primary care, along with problems in information flow, can hamper the achievement of the public health benefits of preventive care. Digitalisation aims to promote prevention by expediting access to care and advancing self-care and seamless care, which might also streamline work. This study examined whether perceived changes in patient care due to digitalisation (teleconsultations, patient activity, and interprofessional collaboration) were associated with perceived a) improvement in preventive care and b) reduction in time pressure among primary care physicians.

Methods
We used national survey data on Finnish primary care physicians (N = 1538) from spring 2021. We conducted multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for gender, sector, and technology-related stress. We present odds ratios (OR), unstandardised b values, and their confidence intervals (CI) for statistical significance.

Results
Physicians who reported performing many teleconsultations (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.16-2.12) and perceived improvements in patient activity (OR = 5.02, 95% CI 3.73-6.75) or interprofessional collaboration (OR = 4.33, 95% CI 3.31-5.66) had greater odds of perceiving enhanced preventive care compared to their counterparts. Many teleconsultations (b=.26, 95% CI .14-.37) and perceived improvements in patient activity (b=.11, 95% CI .01-.21) or interprofessional collaboration (b=.12, 95% CI .02-.23) were also associated with higher time pressure (scale 1-5) among physicians.

Conclusions
Physicians may perceive that digitalisation improves preventive care when teleconsultations are frequently used, patients are encouraged to digital self-care, and practices for interprofessional collaboration are developed. Despite the patient benefits, the new tasks seem to increase physicians’ time pressure. Allocation of physicians’ working time to digital encounters and training of new tasks could help improve working conditions in primary care.

Key messages
• Primary care physicians who frequently utilise teleconsultations and see progress in patient activity or interprofessional collaboration due to digitalisation may find improvements in preventive care.
• Digital tasks that promote preventive care may increase physicians’ constant rush and pressure to perform their duties, which should be recognised in work planning to ensure high-quality patient care.
Current status and changes in sports club participation between 2016-2022 among 9-15 year olds in Finland
Authors: Kokko S , Blomqvist M , Mononen K , Koski P , Martin L , Villberg J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sports clubs attain a lot of children and adolescents in many countries and contributes to physical activity (PA) and physical education (PE), and further to public health (PH). In Finland, sports club participation has been monitored nationally in The Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (FSPA) study. The purpose of this study is to describe the current status and changes in sports club participation in given age groups over time and with regards to age and gender. Nationally representative samples of 9-15 year olds were collected by electronic questionnaire in 2016 (n = 6956), in 2018 (n = 5683) and in 2022 (n = 7936). Sports club participation was asked by four category question: 1) No current nor previous participation; 2) No current, but yes previous participation (drop out); 3) Occasional current participation; and 4) Regular and active current participation. Results are presented through percentage distributions and changes in proportions. The proportion of regularly participating children and adolescents was smaller in 2022 (46%) than in 2018 (50%) and in 2016 (51%) and among both genders. The proportions of the participation over time remained stable among 9 and 11 year olds, but were smaller among 13 and 15 year olds. The largest change was observed among 13 year olds, in which the proportion of regular participants had dropped 10% from 2016 to 2022. Regarding to gender, the proportion of dropouts had increased among both genders, but more among girls. As low levels of PA among school-aged has been one of the major public health concerns in Finland, the decrease in sports club participation steepen this concern further. This is especially true among girls. Actions to induce more participants and prevention of drop out are needed. The negative trend in sports club participation is a public health concern as with wide coverage club activities contribute to physical activity and education. This trend needs to be changed.
Football Cooperative, a Community Based Physical Activity Social Intervention for Men: Protocol Paper for a Pragmatic Feasibility Trial
Authors: Caroll P , Daly S , Egan T , Harrisson M , Richardson N , Finnegan L , McGrath A , Krustrup P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The case for a focus men's health is unequivocal; men, and poorer men in particular, continue to experience an excess burden of ill-health, mortality and premature death and both national and European policy has called for gender competent service provision to address this fundamental inequality in health. While lessons have been learned in recent years with respect to developing gender competency in service provision, there is value in considering how they can be applied to other settings, other sub populations of men and other types of initiatives (beyond the limitations of structured programme). Such initiatives may appeal beyond the ‘worried well’ to more ‘hard to reach’ (HTR) groups of men who are in most in need of such initiatives thereby ensuring that all men are reached in health promotion and preventative efforts. Football Cooperative (FC) is uniquely Irish and is a community-based initiative that provides social ‘pick up football’ games for men aimed at improving their overall health and wellbeing. In a series of papers, we propose to evaluate FC, however, we are not proposing to create something to be trialled but rather to use research to assess the social return on investment (SROI) and health and economic impact of a ‘real world’ organic initiative so that the feasibility for scale up can be determined. If feasible, plans will be put in place to upscale the FC initiative to improve reach (population and geographical access) and equitable access to the games and the games benefits. The purpose of this paper is to detail the protocols used in the evaluation of the FC initiative and by doing so, others engaged in translational research may be supported to ensure that efficacious initiatives translate into practice for the benefit of population health.
Critical health literacy: conceptualization and settings-based development
Authors: Sykes S , Jenkins C L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Health literacy is conceptualized as a continuum of social practices spanning functional, interactive and critical domains. Critical health literacy enables individuals and communities to reflect on the wider health determinants and engage in social and political processes towards health equity. This project introduces the Oxford Bibliographies (OB) entry and illustrates through an empirical case study of critical health literacy in a community-based setting.

Methods
The OB entry provides a literature review of critical health literacy conceptualization, measurement and interventions. An institutional ethnography of critical health literacy in libraries, models a settings-based approach to critical health literacy development in children.

Results
Barriers to critical health literacy development include the lack of validated instruments and evaluation of interventions. Common settings for development with children are schools, but institutional settings face challenges in developing the political action element of critical health literacy. There is a need to move beyond single settings to consider multiple settings working in partnership where children can learn, live, and play. A coordinated supersetting approach leverages the strengths of different settings to promote critical health literacy. A model proposes four antecedents to a supersetting in which sub-settings collectively support (1) a determinants-based perspective, (2) open access to information and resources, (3) involvement of community stakeholders and (4) informed action on health.

Conclusions
Although conceptualized over two decades ago, it is only recently that research on critical health literacy has normalized the consolidation of both its cognitive and social dimensions into a joint strategy of critical thinking and empowerment. A supersetting approach can combine community-based and school-based support to embed critical health literacy development opportunities early in the life course.