bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female sex pheromone of brinjal fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): trap optimization and application in IPM trials
Authors: Cork A. , Alam S.N. , Rouf F.M.A. , Talekar N.S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDelta and wing traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée were found to catch and retain ten times more moths than either Spodoptera or uni-trap designs. Locally-produced water and funnel traps were as effective as delta traps, although ‘windows’ cut in the side panels of delta traps significantly increased trap catch from 0.4 to 2.3 moths per trap per night. Trap catch was found to be proportional to the radius of sticky disc traps in the range 5–20 cm radius, discs with a 2.5 cm radius caught no moths. Wing traps placed at crop height caught significantly more moths than traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopy. Replicated integrated pest management (IPM) trials (3 × 0.5 ha per treatment) were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops. Farmers applied insecticides at least three times a week in all check and IPM plots. In addition pheromone traps were placed out at a density of 100 per ha and infested shoots removed weekly in the 0.5 ha IPM plots. Pheromone trap catches were reduced significantly from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night respectively in check and IPM plots in a young crop and 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in check and IPM plots respectively in a mature crop. Fruit damage was significantly reduced from an average of 41.8% and 51.2% in check plots of young and mature crops respectively to 22% and 26.4 respectively in the associated IPM plots. Significant differences in pheromone trap catches and fruit damage were attained four and two weeks respectively after IPM treatments began in the mature crop whereas in the immature crop significant differences were not observed for the first eight to nine weeks respectively. The relative impact of removing infested shoots and mass trapping on L. orbonalis larval populations was not established in these trials but in both cases there was an estimated increase of approximately 50% in marketable fruit obtained by the combination of control techniques compared to insecticide treatment alone.
Evidence of the establishment of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of cereal stemborers, and its host range expansion in Ethiopia
Authors: Getu E. , Overholt W. A , Kairu E. , Omwega C.O. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThree lepidopteran cereal stemborers, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Crambidae), Busseola fusca Fuller, and Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Noctuidae) were collected from maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. The noctuid stemborers are indigenous to Africa while C. partellus is an introduced species from Asia. In 1999, the Asian stemborer parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Braconidae) was found to be widespread in Ethiopia, even though it had never been released in the country. In addition to attacking Chilo partellus, Cotesia flavipes was reared from B. fusca and S. calamistis. The origin of C. flavipes in Ethiopia may have been Somalia where it was released in 1997 near the border with eastern Ethiopia. Percent parasitism of borers by C. flavipes was higher in eastern Ethiopia than other surveyed regions, and parasitism was higher in 2000 than 1999. Parasitism was higher when cereals were intercropped with other plants and when wild grass hosts of stemborers were present.
Electron Transfer Process of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Modified Cytochrome c in Imidazolium Type Ionic Liquid
Authors: Ohno Hiroyuki , Suzuki Chiiko , Fukumoto Kenta , Yoshizawa Masahiro , Fujita Kyoko 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Modification of cytochrome c (cyt.c) by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains enabled the protein soluble in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid without denaturation. However, as the solution was full of ions, suitable supporting electrolyte (KCl) was essential for the electron transfer reaction of cyt.c in the ionic liquid to attain adequate ion size for the active center.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of (E)‐2‐(Alkylthio)alka‐1,3‐dienes from Allenes and Dialkyl Disulfides with Concomitant Hydride Transfer
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Suwa Atsushi , Fujimoto Kenji , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: April 2003

AbstractReaction of dialkyl disulfides or diselenides with allenes is catalyzed by a rhodium‐phosphine complex and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid giving (E)‐2‐alkylthio(seleno)‐1,3‐dienes and (E)‐2‐alkylthio(seleno)‐2‐alkenes. Unlike the reaction of alkynes, the reaction of allene is accompanied by hydride transfer.
Successful repositioning of an Amplatzer duct occluder immediately after inadvertent embolization in the descending aorta
Authors: Pfammatter Jean‐Pierre , Meier Bernhard 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA case is described of the inadvertent embolization of an Amplatzer duct occluder in the descending aorta in a 10‐year‐old girl. It was possible to snare the device and bring it in its normal position in the aortic ductus ampulla. With a second snare, the recessed screw of the device could be caught and the device was successfully pulled back into the ductus. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:83–85. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partially versus Exhaustively Carbamoylated Cyclodextrins: NMR Investigation on Enantiodiscriminating Capabilities in Solution
Authors: Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Ferri Lelia , Balzano Federica , Salvadori Piero 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe enantiodiscriminating efficiency of exhaustively carbamoylated, mixed carbamoylated/silylated, and partially carbamoylated cyclodextrins in solution has been compared by NMR spectroscopy. Investigation of the origin of the observed chiral discrimination was also carried out. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Comparison between signal‐to‐noise ratio, liver‐to‐muscle ratio, and 1/T2 for the noninvasive assessment of liver iron content by MRI
Authors: Fenzi Alberto , Bortolazzi Mirko , Marzola Pasquina 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPurposeTo compare different MRI‐derived parameters, i.e., liver signal‐to‐noise ratio (LSNR), liver‐to‐muscle ratio (LMR) and liver transversal relaxation rate (R2), in terms of their correlation with the ex vivo determined iron content in an experimental model of liver iron overload.Materials and MethodsMulti‐echo spin echo (SE) images of the liver were acquired at 4.7 T from a group of 33 male wistar rats subjected to a high iron content diet for feeding periods ranging from 2 to 50 days. Liver transversal relaxation time, liver signal‐to‐noise ratio, and liver‐to‐muscle ratio were measured over the same region of interest in order to get a direct comparison between these parameters. After MRI experiments, the rats were sacrificed and the liver iron content was measured ex vivo by atomic absorption spectroscopy.ResultsThe iron content is better correlated to the LSNR than to the other parameters (LMR, R2).ConclusionThe finding that liver signal‐to‐noise ratio is better correlated to the iron content than the liver T2 relaxation rate is relevant for clinical applications of MRI because a T2 determination is more time‐consuming, both for acquisition and postprocessing of images, than a simple SNR determination. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:589–592. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personality and symptom sensitivity predictors of alprazolam withdrawal in panic disorder
Authors: ROY-BYRNE P. , RUSSO J. , POLLACK M. , STEWART R. , BYSTRISKY A. , BELL J. , ROSENBAUM J. , CORRIGAN M. H. , STOLK J. , RUSH A. J. , BALLENGER J. 
Published: April 2003

Background. Discontinuation of benzodiazepine (BZ) treatment results in a well-characterized withdrawal syndrome in 40–50% of anxious patients. While numerous studies have established the role of BZ dose, treatment duration, half-life, potency, rate of withdrawal and severity of underlying anxiety disorder in predicting severity of withdrawal symptoms, fewer studies have examined the role of psychological and personality factors.Method. In 123 panic disorder patients undergoing gradual tapered discontinuation of alprazolam in conjunction with pre-treatment with carbamazepine or placebo, the relationship between measures of ‘symptom sensitivity’ and ‘harm avoidance’, and severity of withdrawal symptoms measured as peak severity of symptoms, time before taper needed to be slowed due to symptoms, and ability to complete taper, was examined.Results. After controlling for the less substantial effects of dose, treatment duration, pre-taper anxiety and panic attack frequency, measures of symptom sensitivity and harm avoidance accounted for an additional 3–6% of withdrawal variance.Conclusions. These results show an effect of symptom sensitivity and harm avoidance on BZ withdrawal symptoms, comparable to prior findings linking dependent personality characteristics to withdrawal severity. Failure to show the expected effect on ability to complete taper may be due to either the more symptomatic nature of the patients in this study.
COLOR NORMALIZATION FOR COLOR OBJECT RECOGNITION
Authors: FINLAYSON GRAHAM D. , TIAN GUI YUN 
Published: April 2003

Color images depend on the color of the capture illuminant and object reflectance. As such image colors are not stable features for object recognition, however stability is necessary since perceived colors (the colors we see) are illuminant independent and do correlate with object identity. Before the colors in images can be compared, they must first be preprocessed to remove the effect of illumination. Two types of preprocessing have been proposed: first, run a color constancy algorithm or second apply an invariant normalization. In color constancy preprocessing the illuminant color is estimated and then, at a second stage, the image colors are corrected to remove color bias due to illumination. In color invariant normalization image RGBs are redescribed, in an illuminant independent way, relative to the context in which they are seen (e.g. RGBs might be divided by a local RGB average). In theory the color constancy approach is superior since it works in a scene independently: color invariant normalization can be calculated post-color constancy but the converse is not true. However, in practice color invariant normalization usually supports better indexing. In this paper we ask whether color constancy algorithms will ever deliver better indexing than color normalization. The main result of this paper is to demonstrate equivalence between color constancy and color invariant computation. The equivalence is empirically derived based on color object recognition experiments. colorful objects are imaged under several different colors of light. To remove dependency due to illumination these images are preprocessed using either a perfect color constancy algorithm or the comprehensive color image normalization. In the perfect color constancy algorithm the illuminant is measured rather than estimated. The import of this is that the perfect color constancy algorithm can determine the actual illuminant without error and so bounds the performance of all existing and future algorithms. Post-color constancy or color normalization processing, the color content is used as cue for object recognition. Counter-intuitively perfect color constancy does not support perfect recognition. In comparison the color invariant normalization does deliver near-perfect recognition. That the color constancy approach fails implies that the scene effective illuminant is different from the measured illuminant. This explanation has merit since it is well known that color constancy is more difficult in the presence of physical processes such as fluorescence and mutual illumination. Thus, in a second experiment, image colors are corrected based on a scene dependent "effective illuminant". Here, color constancy preprocessing facilitates near-perfect recognition. Of course, if the effective light is scene dependent then optimal color constancy processing is also scene dependent and so, is equally a color invariant normalization.
Lithium Acetate-Catalyzed Aldol Reaction between Aldehyde and Trimethylsilyl Enolate
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Lithium acetate-catalyzed aldol reaction between trimethylsilyl enolates and aldehydes proceeded smoothly in a DMF or pyridine solvent to afford the corresponding aldols in good to high yields under weakly basic conditions.
Heck Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Nejjar A. , Pinel C. , Djakovitch L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe Heck arylation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is strongly dependent on the catalyst, the solvent and the base. Optimized conditions yielded either selectively cinnamyl derivatives (83%) or double arylation products (88% based on aryl conversion). A new α‐arylation of β,β‐disubstituted acrolein is also realized.
New Electrosynthesis of Arylboronic Esters from Aromatic Halides and Pinacolborane
Authors: Laza Carine , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA novel synthesis of arylboronic esters by a reductive electrochemical coupling reaction between aromatic halides and pinacolborane (HBpin, pin=pinacolate) has been carried out leading to arylboronic esters in moderate to good yields.
Practical Olefin Metathesis in Protic Media under an Air Atmosphere
Authors: Connon Stephen J. , Rivard Michael , Zaja Mirko , Blechert Siegfried 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe discovery that efficient olefin metathesis reactions involving previously challenging terminal olefin substrates are possible using novel and readily available catalyst systems in non‐distilled, non‐degassed protic media in air is reported.
The effects of social identification, norms and attitudes on use of outreach services by homeless people
Authors: Christian Julie , Abrams Dominic 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe theory of planned behaviour, social identity theory and attitudes toward institutional authority were used to predict the uptake of outreach services over a 3‐week period in a prospective study of 126 homeless people in a major UK city. Consistent with previous research, subjective norm was an important predictor, but so were identification with support services and attitudes to authority. The effect of intention on behaviour was moderated by subjective norm, such that intention affected behaviour more when subjective norm was weak. Subjective norm was affected by identification with support services, which in turn, was predicted by identification with homeless people and attitude to authority. It is concluded that the role of social identity and social norms is of central importance in understanding uptake of outreach services among homeless people. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Led rather than leading? Research on homelessness in Britain
Authors: Pleace Nicholas , Quilgars Deborah 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article examines the history of British homelessness research and its politicization over the past 40 years. The relationship between homelessness research and policy has been developing since the 1960s, and by the 1990s the majority of research was undertaken within the policy arena. In part, this has arisen because of the way in which research has been funded in the UK, with funding being dominated by government or those seeking to criticize its policies. To varying degrees, this is also attributable to the acceptance of a homelessness paradigm, which was ultimately no more than an ideological construct, the ‘definitions’ of homelessness within British legislation. Fuelled by the growth of homelessness and an increase in charitable activity, the volume of research grew during the 1980s and 1990s, but without concurrent methodological and theoretical development. Recent academic critiques of British homelessness research are reviewed, including the movement towards re‐conceptualizating homelessness. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermography basket catheter: In vivo measurement of the temperature of atherosclerotic plaques for detection of vulnerable plaques
Authors: Naghavi Morteza , Madjid Mohammad , Gul Khawar , Siadaty Mir Said , Litovsky Silvio , Willerson James T. , Casscells S. Ward 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe have developed an intravascular thermography basket catheter to measure the temperature of the vessel wall to locate foci of inflammation. Our 3 Fr thermography basket catheter is a thermocouple‐based catheter made of a nitinol expandable and externally controllable basket system loaded with nine small and flexible built‐in thermosensors. It is equipped with real‐time data acquisition software with a thermal resolution of 0.0001°C and a sampling rate of 20 readings per second. In 10 inbred cholesterol‐fed dogs with femoral (but not carotid) atherosclerosis, we found foci of warmth on the surface of atherosclerotic but not disease‐free regions (P < 0.05). Marked temperature heterogeneity was also observed in the aortas of atherosclerotic Watanabe rabbits but not in normal rabbits. The catheters showed satisfactory accuracy, reproducibility, and safety. If confirmed in further studies, it has the potential to be utilized in detection of vulnerable plaques. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:52–59. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Druckstoßabreinigung textiler und starrer Filtermedien: Abreinigungsrelevante Parameter
Authors: Leubner H. , Riebel U. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractZur Charakterisierung der Druckstoßabreinigung von textilen und starren Filterelementen in technischen Anlagen sowie in Filterprüfständen wurden bislang vor allem Tankdruck und Ventilöffnungsdauer als Kennwerte herangezogen, die aber wegen der Abhängigkeit des Abreinigungsimpulses von der gesamten Anlagengeometrie keine Übertragbarkeit zwischen verschiedenen Systemen ermöglichen. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, welche Kenngrößen eines Abreinigungsdruckimpulses relevant sind. Bei Kenntnis dieser Parameter könnte eine Laboranlage so eingestellt werden, dass sie das gleiche Abreinigungsverhalten zeigt wie eine technische Anlage. An einem Filterprüfstand, an dem wahlweise textile Filter oder starre Filterkerzen eingebaut werden können, sowie an einer für Herding‐alpha‐Kerzen entwickelten Technikumanlage wurden Untersuchungen zum Einfluss verschiedener Druckstoßparameter auf das Abreinigungsverhalten durchgeführt. Die charakteristischen Kenngrößen maximaler Überdruck, Druckstoß und Druckanstiegsgeschwindigkeit wurden für jeden Abreinigungsimpuls ermittelt und mit den erzielten Abreinigungsgraden korreliert. Als Ergebnis umfangreicher Regressionsanalysen wurde festgestellt, dass v. a. der erreichte Maximaldruck und die Druckanstiegsgeschwindigkeit beim Nulldurchgang der Abreinigungsimpulse für das Abreinigungsergebnis relevant sind. Für die Praxis sollten Abreinigungssysteme daher im Hinblick auf diese Größen optimiert werden.
Versatile Bis‐Propargylic Reactivity of Acetylenedicarbonyl−Cobalt Complexes with Neutral C‐Nucleophiles: Direct Synthesis of a Furyl‐α‐pyrone
Authors: Soleilhavoup Michèle , Maurette Luc , Lamirand Cécile , Donnadieu Bruno , McGlinchey Michael J. , Chauvin Remi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDouble aldol reactions of the Co2(CO)6 complex of acetylenedicarbaldehyde with several enol ethers have been carried out and compared with the double Nicholas reactions of the corresponding bis(diethyl acetal) complex. The selectivity was found to depend on (i) the nucleophile, (ii) the solvent, and (iii) the number of equivalents of the auxiliary BF3·OEt2. While silyl enol ethers give mono‐ and 1,4‐bis‐dialkylation products only, trimethoxybenzene affords 1,1‐bis‐ and 1,1,4‐tris‐arylation products. In dichloromethane as solvent, the trimethylsilyl enol ether of acetophenone exhibits novel behaviour. In this solvent, and in the presence of an excess acid, the primary bis(aldol) product evolves to the Co2(CO)6 complex of 1‐phenyl‐4‐(5‐phenyl‐2‐furyl)‐but‐3‐yn‐1‐one and to 3‐(5‐phenyl‐2‐furyl)‐6‐phenyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one. These products are rationalised in terms of a common double aldol−cyclodehydration process, followed by α‐slippage of the µ‐Co2(CO)6 unit, and by a cyclocarbonylation−decomplexation process, respectively. Reaction of the trimethylsilyl enol ether of acetophenone with the homologous (dibenzoylacetylene)Co2(CO)6 complex led to Z‐3‐[(3,5‐diphenyl‐2‐furyl)methylene]‐2−3H‐benzofuran‐1‐one, apparently by an aromatic C−H bond activation. The structures of the pyrone and benzofuranone molecules were established either by X‐ray crystallography and/or by 2D NMR spectroscopy. A general mechanistic scheme is proposed to account for the versatility of these reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Flexible Routes to the 5‐Hydroxy Acid Fragment of the Cryptophycins
Authors: Phukan Prodeep , Sasmal Sanjita , Maier Martin E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTwo solutions to establishing the anti stereochemistry of the vicinal stereocenters in the 5‐hydroxy acid subunit of cryptophycin, based on initial Evans syn aldol reactions between an N‐(propionyl)oxazolidinone 4 and a C3 aldehyde, were developed. In the first route, the secondary hydroxy group was inverted by use of Mitsunobu reaction conditions, whereas the second route features an inversion of the methyl‐bearing stereocenter, achieved by reductive removal of the chiral auxiliary, elimination to afford the terminal alkene, and anti‐selective hydroboration. The aryl part can be attached either by Wittig−Horner olefination or by a modified Julia coupling. Both routes provide the hydroxy acid 16 in a very efficient manner. The substrate for the hydroboration, alkene 22, could also be obtained from (S)‐malic acid. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
The Aldol‐Grob Reaction: Regioselective Synthesis of (E)‐Alkenes from Aldehydes and Ketones with Ytterbium Triflate Catalysis
Authors: Curini Massimo , Epifano Francesco , Maltese Federica , Marcotullio Maria Carla 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA simple, good yielding and solvent‐free aldol‐Grob reaction sequence, catalysed by Yb(OTf)3 hydrate, affording (E)‐alkenes regioselectively from aldehydes and ketones is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Transition Metal‐Assisted Transformations of Diversely Functionalized Dienynes
Authors: Marco‐Contelles José , Mainetti Emily , Fensterbank Louis , Malacria Max 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe report the triphenyltin‐mediated free‐radical cyclization of 4‐ethynyl‐2,6,6‐trimethylocta‐1,7‐dien‐4‐ol (1) and 4‐ethynyl‐6,6‐dimethylocta‐1,7‐dien‐4‐ol (2), along with some chemical manipulations of the resulting stannylidene derivatives 3 and 7. The reaction of intermediates 3 and 7 with BuLi afforded the protodestannylated compounds 5 and 8, respectively, in good yield, while the reaction of the mixture of adducts 3 and 4 with iodine gave the chloro(diphenyl)stannylidene derivatives 6 and 6′. The palladium dichloride catalyzed reaction of dienyne 1 with tributyl(trimethylsilyl)stannane has also been described. All these cycloisomerization reactions were highly stereoselective, affording unique isomers at the newly formed stereocenters. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)