bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Imaging Procedures for the Detection of Pancreaticoduodenal Endocrine Tumors in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Langer Peter , Kann Peter H. , Fendrich Volker , Richter Gerd , Diehl Saskia , Rothmund Matthias , Bartsch Detlef K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEarly identification of pancreaticoduodenal endocrine tumors (PETs) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN‐1) is mandatory, because these tumors represent the most common cause of death within the syndrome. The diagnostic value of imaging procedures has therefore been evaluated in a prospective observational study. Between December 1997 and June 2003 twenty‐two MEN‐1 patients with genetically confirmed disease were followed for PETs using a standardized screening program with serum hormone measurements, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), computed tomography (CT), and somatostatin‐receptor scintigraphy (SRS). Results could be validated by surgery and histopathology in 13 patients during 18 operations. In 12 asymptomatic patients with tumors measuring 10 mm or less, who have not yet undergone operation, PETs were detected by EUS in 12/12, by CT in 1/12, and by SRS in 2/11 cases. In 13 patients who have undergone surgical exploration EUS, CT, and SRS were true positive in 12 of 16, 7 of 13, and 12 of 17 cases, respectively, although the number of tumors detected by each imaging procedure alone was lower than the number detected intraoperatively and histopathologically in almost every case. A solitary liver metastasis in one patient and a nonfunctioning PET recurrence in another were identified only by SRS. Endoscopic untrasonography is the most sensitive imaging procedure for the detection of small (≤ 10 mm) PETs in MEN‐1, whereas SRS is the procedure of choice for the identification of metastases of MEN‐1 PETs—i.e., for staging. Detection of PETs at an early stage by an aggressive screening program using EUS may lead to prompt surgical intervention and improved prognosis of MEN‐1 PETs.
Value of the Cervical Compartments in the Surgical Treatment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Goropoulos Apostolos , Karamoshos Konstantinos , Christodoulou Andreas , Ntitsias Theodoros , Paulou Konstantinos , Samaras Asterios , Xirou Persefoni , Efstratiou Ioannis 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), supplementary lymph node dissection (LND) is not well standardized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of the cervical compartments in the lymphatic spread of PTC and the impact of modified radical neck dissection (MRND) as an additional surgical procedure to thyroid resection. From 1999 to 2002, LND of the central compartment (compartment A) was performed in 39 patients. Among this group, additional MRND of the ipsilateral compartment (compartment B) and the contralateral compartment (compartment C) was performed in 29 and 15 patients respectively, who met the selection criteria. The mean number of nodes resected was 11 (5–22) in compartment A, 23 (8–37) in compartment B, and 22 (10–31) in compartment C. Histopathologic findings revealed node invasion of compartment A in 25 patients (64.1%), of A and B in 20 patients (51,2%) and of A, B, and C in 13 patients (33.3%). From the 25 patients with metastases in compartment A, 80% (20 patients) already had metastases in compartment B and 52% (13 patients) had metastases in all three compartments. All patients free of metastasis (M0) in compartment A were also metastasis free in both lateral compartments. Postoperative whole‐body scanning I131 in M0 patients showed no uptake at all. Mapping of the cervical anatomy in compartments seems to be a useful taxonomy for clarifying the lymphatic spread of PTC. Patients having PTC without metastasis in compartment A are almost certainly disease free at the time of operation. Lymph node metastasis in the central compartment appears to be a valuable indicator of lymphatic invasion of the lateral compartment and a strong indication for performance of a unilateral or bilateral MRND to complete the surgical removal of tumor.
Partial versus Total Adrenalectomy by the Posterior Retroperitoneoscopic Approach: Early and Long‐term Results of 325 Consecutive Procedures in Primary Adrenal Neoplasias
Authors: Walz Martin K. , Peitgen Klaus , Diesing Daniela , Petersenn Stephan , Janssen Onno E. , Philipp Thomas , Metz Klaus A. , Mann Klaus , Schmid Kurt W. , Neumann Hartmut P. H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe retroperitoneoscopic approach is a standardized operative procedure for primary adrenal gland tumors. It allows direct access with a detailed view of the adrenal gland. Thereby, a clear differentiation between normal and neoplastic adrenal tissue is often possible, which permits a planned partial resection of the gland in selected cases. Between July 1994 and November 2003 325 posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies were performed for primary benign adrenal gland tumors (106 Conn’s adenomas, 83 pheochromocytomas, 76 Cushing’s adenomas, 60 nonfunctioning tumors; size: 2.8 ± 1.5 cm; site: 160 right, 165 left) in 318 patients (122 M, 196 F, age: 49.0 ± 14.3 years). In 96 patients 100 tumors were removed by partial adrenalectomy (30 Conn’s adenomas, 33 pheochromocytomas, 20 Cushing’s adenomas, 17 nonfunctioning tumors; site: 61 right, 59 left) maintaining tumor‐free parts of the adrenal gland. Of this group, 15 patients suffered from bilateral adrenal neoplastic diseases. During the same period, 225 total adrenalectomies (76 Conn’s adenomas, 50 pheochromocytomas, 56 Cushing’s adenomas, 34 nonfunctioning tumors; site: 109 right, 116 left) were performed in 224 patients. There was no mortality. Major complications were seen in 1.8%, minor complications in 14.5%. Three conversions were necessary to an open or a laparoscopic approach (2 patients and 1 patient, respectively). There are no differences between the two groups (total versus partial adrenalectomy) with regard to tumor size (2.8 ± 1.6 cm versus 2.8 ± 1.5 cm), operating time (80 ± 44 minutes versus 79 ± 42 minutes), and blood loss (33 ± 71 ml versus 29 ± 31 ml). In all patients with partial adrenalectomy, biochemical healing was proven. Fourteen of 15 patients with bilateral diseases had preservation of adrenocortical function. After a mean follow up of 51 months (range: 7–120 months) local recurrence or relapse of the initial diseases was noticed in 6 patients after total adrenalectomy: in 4 patients with Conn’s syndrome and bilateral hyperplasia, and in 2 patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical carcinoma, respectively. Our data demonstrate that partial adrenalectomy is a safe procedure not only perioperatively but also in the long‐term follow‐up.
Quick Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Assay: Surgical Adjunct to Allow Limited Parathyroidectomy, Improve Success Rate, and Predict Outcome
Authors: Irvin George L. , Solorzano Carmen C. , Carneiro Denise M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIntraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay (QPTH) has made possible less invasive operative approaches in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism with stated advantages. When compared to the traditional bilateral neck exploration (BNE), only the targeted, hypersecreting gland is excised, leaving in situ non‐visualized but normally functioning parathyroids. The QPTH‐guided limited parathyroidectomy (LPX) must be able to identify multiglandular disease (MGD), predict a successful outcome, and have a low recurrence rate. In our series, 421 patients who underwent LPX were compared to 340 undergoing BNE; all operative failures and patients followed for 6 months or longer were included. Operative failure occurred if serum calcium and PTH levels were elevated within 6 months of parathyroidectomy. Multiglandular disease was defined in the LPX group as more than one gland excision guided by QPTH or operative failure after removal of a single abnormal gland; in the BNE group it was defined as excision of more than one enlarged gland. Recurrence was defined as elevated calcium and PTH after 6 months of eucalcemia. Operative failure and MGD rates were compared using chi‐squared analysis. The method of Kaplan‐Meier and the log‐rank test were used to compare recurrence rates. Operative success was seen in 97% of LPX patients and in 94% of the BNE group (p = 0.02). Multiglandular disease was identified in 3% of LPX patients and 10% of BNE patients (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the overall recurrence rates (p = 0.23). The QPTH‐guided parathyroidectomy identifies MGD and allows an improved success rate with the same low recurrence rate when compared to the results of BNE.
A Novel Thermodynamic Relationship Based on Kramers Theory for Studying Enzyme Kinetics under High Viscosity
Authors: Siddiqui Khawar Sohail , Bokhari Saleem Ahmed , Afzal Ahmed Jawaad , Singh Surjit 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn most studies of enzyme kinetics it has been found sufficient to use the classical Transition State Theory (TST) of Eyring and others. This theory was based on the solvent being an ideal dilute substance treated as a heat bath. However, enzymes found in organisms adapted to very low (psychrophiles) and very high (thermophiles) temperatures are also subjected to variable solute concentrations and viscosities. Therefore, the TST may not always be applicable to enzyme reactions carried out in various solvents with viscosities ranging from moderate to very high. There have been numerous advances in the theory of chemical reactions in realistic non‐ideal solvents such as Kramers Theory. In this paper we wish to propose a modified thermodynamic equation, which have contributions from kcat, Km and the viscosity of the medium in which the enzyme reaction is occurring. These could be very useful for determining the thermodynamics of enzymes catalyzing reactions at temperature extremes in the presence of substrate solutions of different compositions and viscosities. IUBMB Life, 56: 403‐407, 2004
Gene Expression Profiling of p53+/‐ Knockout and Wild‐type Mice Following Diethylstilbestrol Administration
Authors: Salleh Mohd Nazil , Ismail Patimah , Abdullah Abdul Salam , Taufiq‐Yap Yun Hin , Carmichael Paul 
Published: November 2004

AbstractStudies with clastogenic carcinogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) resulted in a broad of spectrum of toxic and carcinogenic effects in humans and rodents, but the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) by which it induces cancer is not clear. To identify putative genetic targets for p53 in vivo, we applied the cDNA macroarray gene expression profiles associated with apoptosis by comparing p53+/‐ knockout mice and wild‐type mice on the kidney and uterus of female mice. p53+/‐ knockout mice and wild‐type mice were treated with DES (500 μmole kg‐1) or vehicle i.p once daily for 4 days. Total RNAs were obtained from kidney and uterus of both control and DES‐treated. The signal intensities of individual gene spots on the membrane were quantified and normalized to the expression level of the GAPDH gene as an internal control. Our results demonstrated that 16 genes; bad, bax, bcl‐2, bcl‐w, bcl‐x, caspase‐3, caspase‐7, caspase‐8, c‐myc, E124, GADD45, mdm2, NKκb1, p53, p21, Rb and trail were up‐regulated and six genes; caspase‐1, caspase‐2, DR5, E2F1, FasL and iNOS did not changed in response to DES treatment in wild‐type mice compared to p53+/‐ knockout mice. Most genes are involved in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, apoptosis, or transcription. The greatest changes were seen in bad, bcl‐x, mdm2, p53 and p21 gene expression in wild‐type mice compared to p53+/‐ knockout mice. In comparing p53 and p21 gene expression in wild‐type mice and p53+/‐ knockout mice, there was an 4.4‐fold vs. 1.8‐fold; 8‐fold vs. 5.2‐fold for kidney and16‐fold vs. 5.5‐fold; 2.1‐fold vs. 8.3‐fold for uterus samples increase in induction (respectively). RT‐PCR and densitometric analysis was used to confirm the biggest changes of p21, p53 and bax genes. Using this approach, we have identified apoptosis associated genes regulated in response to DES and have revealed putative differences between the isogenic parent strain and p53+/‐ knockout mice, which will contribute to a better understanding of toxicity/carcinogenicity mechanisms in this model. IUBMB Life, 56: 409‐416, 2004
Protecting Pancreatic ß‐cells
Authors: Pileggi Antonello , Fenjves Elizabeth , Klein Dagmar , Ricordi Camillo , Pastori Ricardo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the insulin‐producing β‐cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are selectively destroyed. Transplantation of allogeneic islets offers a novel therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetic patients. Primary obstacles to the successful outcome of this treatment are loss of the islets occurring first during the isolation procedure and then immediately following transplantation. The genetic make up of β‐cells contributes to making them particularly vulnerable to apoptosis and necrosis‐induced cell death caused by the trauma of the isolation procedure and by non‐specific inflammatory events at the transplantation site. In this review we present description of chemical and molecular biology based strategies to confer cytoprotection to β‐cells. IUBMB Life, 56: 387‐394, 2004
Methanococcus vannielii Selenium Metabolism: Purification and N‐terminal Amino Acid Sequences of a Novel Selenium‐binding Protein and Selenocysteine Lyase
Authors: Stadtman Thressa 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSelenium is an essential component of several enzymes and proteins in a number of methane‐producing archae. Information concerning accessory proteins that function in selenium transport processes, however, is limited. A novel selenium‐binding protein with a potential transport role and a selenocysteine lyase that serves as a selenium delivery protein are present in Methanococcus vannielii. The selenium‐binding protein was purified from extracts of 75Se‐labeled cells. Although there was gradual loss of 75Se during purification, the isolated protein still could be detected as a radioactive 42 kDa species on native PAGE gels and as a 33 kDa species on SDS PAGE gels. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence of residues 1 ‐ 63 of the protein was determined by automated Edman degradative analysis. The only homologous sequence detected in the recorded data base was that of a gene encoding an unknown protein located in the genomic sequence of Methanococcus maripaludis. Cloning and expression of the corresponding gene from M. vannielii are described in a manuscript in press (Self et al.). A 47 kDa selenocysteine lyase isolated from M. vannielii extracts exhibited sequence homology to the NIFS family of proteins that transport sulfur. The purified selenocysteine lyase catalyzed the elimination of an elemental form of selenium from free selenocysteine and delivered this selenium directly to selenophosphate synthetase. The synthetase converted the selenium to selenophosphate in an ATP‐dependent reaction. IUBMB Life, 56: 427‐431, 2004
Androgen Receptor Gene Methylation and Exon One CAG Repeat Length in Ovarian Cancer: Differences from Breast Cancer
Authors: Kassim Samar , Zoheiry Nivan , Hamed Wael , Going James , Craft John 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMore than one neoplastic founder clone can exist in benign epithelial tumours. Although theories of clonal selection make pluriclonality appear unlikely in carcinomas, published data do not exclude this possibility. This study looked for evidence of multiclonal X inactivation in ovarian carcinoma using AR methylation as a marker. Fifteen unifocal ovarian carcinomas and 14 multifocal carcinomas all in Scottish patients were studied. One representative formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumour block was chosen for each of the former and two for the latter. From each of these 43 tumour blocks three samples each of ∼104 carcinoma cells were obtained by microdissection (129 in all). DNA released by proteinase K digestion was subjected to PCR amplification of the androgen receptor gene AR exon I CAG repeat polymorphism with and without prior digestion with methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes HpaII and HhaI. Complex amplification patterns were consistent with mosaic X inactivation in some ovarian carcinomas but acquired anomalies of AR methylation cannot be excluded. Parallel analysis of other X‐linked polymorphic loci would strengthen the inference of clonality status from DNA methylation data in tumour X studies. Strikingly, the number of CAG repeats in the 29 ovarian tumour patients (median 16, range 11 ‐ 20) was substantially fewer than in 34 previously studied breast cancer patients from the same scottish population (median 21, range 14 ‐ 26; P < 0.0001), and women homozygous for the AR CAG repeat were over‐represented in the ovarian cancer patients but not in the breast cancer series. These findings reinforce recent suggestions that AR may have a role in ovarian carcinogenesis. IUBMB Life, 56: 417‐426, 2004
A Survey of Current Rehabilitation Trends for Burn Injuries to the Head and Neck
Authors: Serghiou Michael A. , Holmes Christina L. , McCauley Robert L. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Burn injuries to the face and neck present a unique challenge to the burn team and must be treated with considerable care and vigilance by the rehabilitation team to prevent potential contractures that may occur. Standard guidelines for treatment of the head and neck have not been established. This article presents the results of a comprehensive survey that examined the similarities and differences in the rehabilitation techniques used in various burn centers for the treatment of these injuries. The results obtained from the survey responses demonstrate several similarities in treatment throughout the continuum of care, revealing the potential for the development of a uniform rehabilitation protocol for the treatment of burn injuries to the face and neck.
The Medical Use of a Nonmedical Product: Melted Tar
Authors: Terzioglu Ahmet , Sarifakioglu Nedim , Yavuz Nurten , Aslan Gürcan 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The use of hot tar in industry is widespread, and burns caused by this agent remain a problem. Instead of being classified as chemical injuries, these burns compose a unique class of thermal injury because of the difference of mechanisms of injury and the difficulties in removing the agent from the skin. Tar burns usually are occupational in nature and are observed mostly in male patients. This report presents a female burn case that had occurred after she applied hot tar to her skin for the treatment purposes of pain relief.
Sandal Burns and Their Treatment in Children
Authors: Shakirov Babur M. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Sandal is an ancient, primitive heating device that is still in use by both poor and rich people in mountain areas of Middle Asia. Sandal burn injuries are a serious health problem. Characteristics of sandal burns include not only skin injuries of various depths but also injuries to underlying tissues: subcutaneous fat, fasciae, muscles, and even bones. Sandal burns are characterized by such severe deep injuries because of a close contact of the body with live coals or woods. The main goal of this work was to present the most complete information about sandal burns and discuss the most effective methods of treatment for sandal burns. This treatment is used to accelerate the rejection of necrotic tissue, to prepare the wound for early autodermoplastic surgery, to decrease the postburn contractures/deformities, and also to shorten hospital stay for the patients.
Are We Headed for a Shortage of Burn Surgeons?
Authors: Faucher Lee D. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Newly trained burn surgeons are in high demand but low supply. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the current need for burn surgeons and to identify the need in the future. A questionnaire was sent to the 159 burn care facilities in North America listed in the 1999 to 2000 American Burn Association Directory. Of the 159 centers, 9 surveys were returned stating the center did not exist. Eighty-four (56%) of the remaining 150 centers responded. Twenty-nine percent of responding burn centers are currently attempting to recruit another burn surgeon, and an additional 38% anticipate needing to recruit one within the next 5 years. Of these, 89% anticipate difficulty finding another burn surgeon. This survey identifies a need for burn surgeons now and warns of a severe shortage in the immediate future. Current burn surgeons need to ensure that any interested trainee be mentored appropriately toward a career in burn surgery.
Biology of a new virus isolated from Lupinus nootkatensis plants in Alaska
Authors: Robertson N. L. 
Published: November 2004

A new virus named Nootka lupine vein‐clearing virus (NLVCV) was isolated from Lupinus nootkatensis plants that were confined to a relatively small area in the Talkeetna mountains of south‐central Alaska. Annual surveys (2000–03) consistently found leaf symptoms of pronounced vein clearing and mosaic on 3‐ to 4‐week‐old plants in late June. Spherical particles ≈30 nm in diameter were isolated from these leaves. Virions contained a single‐stranded RNA of ≈4·0–4·2 kb and one species of capsid protein estimated to be ≈40 kDa. The double‐stranded RNA profile from naturally infected leaves consisted of three major bands ≈4·2, 1·9 and 1·5 kbp. Protein extractions from either sap or virions of diseased plants reacted to polyclonal antiserum made against the virions in Western blot assays. A predicted PCR product ≈500 bp was synthesized from virion RNA using primers specific to the carmovirus RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. The nucleotide sequence of the amplified DNA did not match any known virus, but contained short regions of identity to several carmoviruses. Only species belonging to the Fabaceae were susceptible to NLVCV by mechanical inoculation. Based on dsRNA profile, size of virion RNA genome and capsid protein, and similarity of the RDRP gene to that of other carmoviruses, it is suggested that NLVCV is a member of the family Tombusviridae, and tentatively of the genus Carmovirus. As the host range, RDRP gene and dsRNA profile of NLVCV are different from those of known viruses, this is a newly described plant virus.
Characterization of XerC‐ and XerD‐dependent CTX phage integration in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: McLeod Sarah M. , Waldor Matthew K. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryCTXφ is a filamentous bacteriophage that encodes cholera toxin and integrates site‐specifically into the larger of the two Vibrio cholerae chromosomes. The CTXφ genome lacks an integrase; instead, its integration depends on the chromosome‐encoded tyrosine recombinases XerC and XerD. During integration, recombination occurs between regions of homology in CTXφ and the V. cholerae chromosome. Here, we define the elements on the phage genome (attP ) and bacterial chromosome (attB) required for CTXφ integration. attB is a short sequence composed of one binding site for XerC and XerD spanning the site of recombination. Together, XerC and XerD bind to two sites within attP. While one XerC/D binding site in attP spans the core recombination region, the other site is ≈ 80 bp away. Although integration occurs at the core XerC/D binding site in attP, the second site is required for CTXφ integration, suggesting it performs an architectural role in the integration reaction. In vitro cleavage reactions showed that XerC and XerD are capable of cleaving attB and attP sequences; however, additional cellular processes such as DNA replication or Holliday junction resolution by a host resolvase may contribute to integration in vivo.