bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of increased amniotic fluid volume to perinatal outcome
Authors: Varma T.R. , Bateman S. , Patel R.H. , Chamberlain G.V.P. , Pillai U. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe studied a group of 135 patients with polyhydramnios diagnosed on the basis of ultrasonic findings (greatest vertical diameter of the liquor column ⩾8.0 cm) between 32 and 36 weeks gestation (study group). We compared the obstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of the study group with a similar number who constituted our control group. The incidence of women aged 20 years or less was higher in the study group (8.9%) compared with 4.5% in the control group. Of the 135 patients who were diagnosed to have polyhydramnios ultrasonically, the clinical diagnoses prior to referral for ultrasonic scanning, were, suspected large for date fetuses in 34 patients (25.2%), clinically suspected polyhydramnios in 28 (20.7%), gestational diabetes in 21 (15.6%) and insulin dependent diabetes in 6 (4.4%) compared with 13.3%, 5.2%, 3.0% and 0.7%, respectively in the control group (P < 0.05). Preterm delivery occurred in 11.1% in the study group compared with the incidence of 6.7% in the control group. The incidence of fetal distress, low Apgar Score, macrosomic infants, major fetal anomalies, gross and corrected perinatal mortality rate and admission to special/intensive care nursery was significantly higher in the study group compared with that of the control (P < 0.01). We found ultrasonic examination is a reliable technique to assess the amount of amniotic fluid volume and it alerts the clinician to possible future problems in pregnancy, labor and neonatal period.
Ectopic pregnancy: Analysis of 100 cases
Authors: Lindow S.W. , Moore P.J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study of 100 consecutive ectopic pregnancies in Zulu patients emphasises the role of less sophisticated diagnostic methods such as colpopuncture when beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG) assay is not available. Infertility (61%) and previous pelvic infection (32%) were associated factors. The ectopic gestation was ruptured in 93% of cases.
Abortion‐related morbidity and mortality in Benin City, Nigeria: 1973–1985
Authors: Unuigbe J.A. , Oronsaye A.U. , Orhue A.A.E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn a 13‐year review of maternal deaths at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, abortion was one of the three major causes of death, accounting for 37 (22.4%) out of the 165 deaths. Induced abortion was responsible for 34 (91.9%) of these deaths. The usual victim is the teenage, inexperienced school girl who has no ready access to contraceptive practice. Death was mainly due to sepsis (including tetanus), hemorrhage and trauma to vital organs, complications directly attributable to faulty techniques by unskilled abortion providers, a by‐product of the present restrictive abortion laws. Total overhaul of maternal child health services and the family health education system, as well as integration of planned parenthood at primary health care level into the health care delivery system, are suggested. Contraceptive practice should be made available to all categories of women at risk, and the cost subsidised by governmental and institutional bodies. Where unwanted pregnancies occur, the authors advocate termination in appropriate health institutions where lethal and sometimes fatal complications are unlikely to occur. In effect, from the results of this study and a review of studies on abortion deaths in Nigeria and other developing countries, it is obvious that a revision of abortion laws as they operate, notably in the African continent, is overdue.
Medical audit by peer review and competitive self‐appraisal as tools for promoting efficiency: A case study in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Awan A.K. , Awan A.H. , Akhtar R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA pilot maternal and child health and family planning service project in urban and rural areas of Lahore, Pakistan, was evaluated after 4 years (1984–1988). In this time the birth rate declined from 41.0 to 19.2, infant mortality from 119.0 to 70.2, and maternal mortality from 560 to 220 per 100,000 live births. Success was attributed to medical audit of services through peer review of performance.
Hyperreactio luteinalis in normal singleton pregnancy
Authors: Okadome M. , Kaku T. , Tsukamoto N. , Saito T. , Matsukuma K. , Uehira K. , Hirakawa T. , Nakano H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of hyperreactio luteinalis in a patient with normal singleton pregnancy is reported. The course of pregnancy had been normal until the 24th week of gestation, when the mother developed lower abdominal pain and signs of virilization. She delivered of a normal female infant at 39 weeks' gestation. The baby did not show any signs of masculinization. Serum testosterone, Δ4‐androstenedione, and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone of the mother were markedly elevated. They remained high after the delivery but returned to the normal ranges soon after the partial resection of the enlarged ovaries. Reported cases of hyperreactio luteinalis are reviewed. Their maternal serum androgen levels were compared with cases of luteoma of pregnancy.
Update on delivery following prior cesarean section: a 15‐year review 1972–1987
Authors: Meehan F.P. , Burke G. , Kehoe J.T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFear of true rupture remains the main indication for repeat section. Between 1972 and 1987 there were 2434 patients with one or more prior section and 1350 (55%) were permitted trial of labor, the remainder, having had two or more previous sections (maximum number, 10), had repeat surgery. Induction was employed in 31% and oxytocin for induction or acceleration in 32% patients. The first period (1972–1982) had 844 and the second period (1982–1987) had 506 trial of labor patients. Improved management resulted in the true rupture rate falling from 0.6% (1 : 169) to 0.2% (1 : 506) and the elimination of procedure‐related perinatal death. There were two maternal deaths with repeat section and none with trial of labor. We have achieved a plateau for cesarean section (10–11%) and a continuing fall in the uncorrected hospital perinatal mortality, which has averaged 10.6/1000 for the years 1982–1986 inclusive.
The effect of hypertension in pregnancy on fetal and neonatal condition
Authors: Martikainen A.M. , Heinonen K.M. , Saarikoski S.V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe aim of this prospective study was to determine the effect of hypertension in pregnancy (PH) on fetal and neonatal condition via other mechanisms than retarded intrauterine growth and preterm delivery. Sixty‐six preterm and 175 full‐term babies born to PH mothers were compared, respectively, with 183 preterm and 220 full‐term babies born to non‐hypertensive (non‐PH) mothers over a 22‐month period in 1984–1986. Small‐forgestational‐age (SGA) children were examined separately from appropriate‐forgestational‐age (AGA) children. Percentages of preterm babies and of both preterm and full‐term SGA babies born to hypertensive mothers were twice as great as the percentages of such babies born to non‐hypertensive mothers. Hypertension in pregnancy directly increased neonatal morbidity, but the effect was minor. In preterm babies it was related to intrauterine growth retardation and to preeclampsia. In full‐term babies the effect was unrelated to the severity of hypertension.
Characteristics of traditional midwives and their beliefs and practices in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Amin R. , Khan A.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study has analyzed the characteristics, beliefs and practices of midwives in rural Bangladesh. The midwives were mainly above age 30, married or widowed, and illiterate. Most of them learned their midwifery from informal sources such as female relatives or neighbours. Often, during pregnancy, childbirth, and post‐partum period, midwives imposed dietary restriction on the mothers. Similarly, devices used in the cutting of the umbilical cord and placenta were not properly sterilized and potentially dangerous substances were applied at the navel after cutting the umbilical cord or placenta. There was a practice of withholding breast‐feeding up to 3 days after the birth of a child. However, there were also some beliefs or practices among the midwives that could be regarded as based on scientific understanding such as the practice of cutting the umbilical cord by boiled razor blade or the belief that child death could occur from tetanus caused by the unsterilized device used in the cutting of the umbilical cord.
Abdominal hysterectomies at area hospital, Point Fortin, Trinidad, West Indies
Authors: Santha Ram N.V. , Murthy N.V.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA retrospective analysis of abdominal hysterectomies (3.08% of major operations) at the Area Hospital (52 beds), over a 5‐year period revealed that the majority of the patients were multiparous in the reproductive age group. Menstrual irregularity is the most frequent indication, however, hysterectomy in these cases is not justified. High febrile morbidity (38%), blood transfusions and prolonged hospitalization were observed. Peer review, prophylactic antibiotics and survey of the Island hospitals are recommended to make hysterectomy appropriate, safe and to explain any racial variation.
The effect of postplacental insertion of the spiked and the standard Lippes loop on uterine involution
Authors: Younis M.N. , Hamed A.F. , Aref I. , Elmasry G. , Sultan M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe spiked Lippes loop was inserted in 53 women and the standard loop in 55 women immediately following the delivery of the placenta after normal vaginal delivery. A group of 50 recently delivered women with no IUD was studied as a control. The cases were followed up for 1 year. Ultrasonic scanning was performed during the 6th week after insertion for 47 cases with the spiked loop and 43 cases with the standard loop. All loops were correctly positioned within the uterine cavity except in two cases; one using the spiked and the other using the standard loop. The loops were found displaced down wards and as there was excessive bleeding, the devices were removed. Regarding the effect of the IUD on uterine involution, it was found that the fundus to internal os length for the cases with IUDs was shorter than that among the controls, also this length among the standard loop users was significantly shorter than that of the controls (P < 0.01). Postplacental IUD insertion did not delay uterine involution, on the contrary, it helped involution. Regarding the effect of lactation, the fundus to internal os length for the fully lactating women either using a loop or not, was found to be significantly shorter than that of the non‐lactating cases (P < 0.002).
Breastfeeding and return to ovulation in Bangkok
Authors: Israngkura B. , Kennedy K.I. , Leelapatana B. , Cohen H.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwenty‐seven breastfeeding mothers and nine non‐breastfeeding postpartum comparison mothers in Bangkok, Thailand were followed longitudinally until ovulation resumed. A simple set of guidelines is described involving three obvious milestones for the breastfeeding mother to safely use the natural contraceptive benefit of breastfeeding. Those milestones are the first menses, the initiation of supplementation and the child's monthly birthday. In the absence of menses and supplementation, 93% of breastfeeding mothers remained anovular for 3 months postpartum and 88–89% for up to 6 months. Further, the work of other investigators suggests that the proportion ovulatory provides an overestimate of those at risk of pregnancy. The guidelines suggest a way to estimate the period of lactational infertility and may be most useful on a programmatic level.
Adhesion formation associated with the use of absorbable staples in comparison to other types of peritoneal injury
Authors: Ling F.W. , Stovall T.G. , Meyer N.L. , Elkins T.E. , Muram D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAdhesion formation was assessed after inducing peritoneal injury with absorbable staples, absorbable suture, surgical excision or thermal injury. In addition, adhesion formation was assessed in the presence of Hyskon. Absorbable staples were associated with increased adhesion formation when compared to the other methods of injury. Hyskon appears to significantly reduce the formation of peritoneal adhesions at sites of peritoneal suturing, excision, and thermal injury, but did not reduce adhesion formation in the area of stapling.
Perforated adenocarcinoma of the colon during pregnancy
Authors: Jaffe R. , Schwartz I. , Freund U. , Cohen I. , Rosen D. , Fejgin M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPerformated carcinoma of the colon in pregnant women is a rare event. Only six cases have been reported in the literature, all except one in the recto‐sigmoid. We present a case of perforated adenocarcinoma of the colon located above the peritoneal reflection and discuss the problem of diagnosis and management.
A primary amelanotic melanoma of the vagina diagnosed by immunocytochemistry
Authors: Scambia G. , Benedetti Panici P. , Baiocchi G. , Coli A. , Ferrone S. , Natali P.G. , Mancuso S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of primary malignant melanoma of the vagina is discussed. The lesion consisted of a nodule in the middle third of the vagina that was histologically suspected of being an unpigmented malignant melanoma. The melanocytic origin of the lesion was confirmed by the pattern of reactivity to a battery of human melanoma associated antigens and to class 1 and 2 histocompatibility antigens. No secondary lesions or alternative primary sites were found. The patient underwent radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, total vaginectomy and vulvectomy, radical inguinal, pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy. The pathology report showed the presence of multiple neoplastic foci in the vagina. Although the removed lymph nodes were histologically free of metastases, microscopic foci of neoplastic cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in three lymph nodes. There is no evidence of recurrence at the twelfth postoperative month. Our results show that immunohistochemical techniques may usefully complement diagnostic histopathology in the diagnosis of female genital tract melanoma.
An immunohistochemical study of neuroendocrine cells in gynecologic tumors
Authors: Ueda G. , Shimizu C. , Saito J. , Inoue Y. , Tanaka Y. , Inoue M. , Tanizawa O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractVarious gynecologic tumors with argyrophilia were studied immunohistochemically for chromogranin using two antibodies, antichromogranin and antineuroendocrine. Of seven small cell carcinomas of the cervix, four were immunoreactive with antichromogranin and seven with antineuorendocrine. Argyrophil cells of six cervical adenocarcinomas were all immunoractive with both antibodies. Type I argyrophil cells of 20 endometrial carcinomas were likewise stained positively. However, of the 30 endometrial carcinomas with type II argyrophil cells, 19 showed positive immunoreactivity for chromogranin and 22 for neuroendocrine. Of the ovarian tumors tested, argyrophil cells of 11 mucinous tumors, three carcinoid tumors, and the pancreatic tissue of a malignant mixed germ cell tumor were all chromogranin‐ and neuroendocrine‐immunoreactive. Type I argyrophil cells of five endometrioid carcinomas of the ovary were also immunoreactive with both antibodies. Of the 13 endometrioid carcinomas with type II argyrophil cells, only four showed positive immunoreactivity for chromogranin and only five for neuroendocrine. In conclusion, both antichromogranin and antineuroendocrine detect the specific neuroendocrine markers in close association with argyrophilia in gynecologic tumors, the latter being more sensitive for small cell carcinoma of the cervix, and for type II argyrophil cells in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary.
Breastfeeding and growth monitoring
Authors: Greaves J.P. , Hendrata L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOne of the main reasons women stop breastfeeding is they lack confidence in their ability to produce enough milk. Growth monitoring gives them the confidence by showing their baby's satisfactory growth. There are ten pitfalls to growth monitoring programs however: (1) the emphasis on a curative rather than a preventive approach; (2) monitoring starts too late; (3) programs emphasize nutritional status rather than growth status; (4) the chart is not used to prompt a dialogue with the mother on meaning; (5) health workers do not listen to find out why some babies are succeeding and others are not; (6) insufficient attention is paid to training and supervision, and programs should address the child's total environment; (7) growth monitoring is seen as isolated from other aspects of health care; (8) the community should become involved in addressing growth problems; (9) additional food is often seen as the only activity rather than separating the preventive strategy of growth monitoring from the curative activity; and (10) growth monitoring itself achieves little unless it leads to growth promotion.
Clinical efficacy of LH‐Color: A new home ovulation test
Authors: Gregoriou O. , Kassanos D. , Vitoratos N. , Papadias C. , Zourlas P.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this study we evaluate the efficacy of a new home ovulation test to identify LH surge (LH‐Color, Organon). Fifty‐five spontaneously ovulating women were followed during their cycles with twice daily urinary LH testing as well as daily ultrasound and BBT charts. In 39 (70.91%) of the 55 patients, ovulation occurred within 24 h after the decoloration of the LH‐Color. Follicular collapse as visualized by ultrasonography, took place in all patients within 36 h after the decoloration of the LH‐Color. Thus a good correlation was found between urinary LH surge and ultrasound. We conclude that the rapid LH test was able to predict impending ovulation.
Endometrioid carcinoma of the fallopian tube: Pathology and clinical outcome
Authors: Rorat E. , Wallach R.C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case of endometrioid carcinoma of the fallopian tube is reported with histologic description and clinical follow‐up of four years. Only two other cases have been documented previously. This case is thought to be unique as the carcinoma arose in a benign endometrioid tumor. Inferences concerning Mullerian duct expression and neoplasia are reviewed.
Sequential Gn‐RH superagonist and medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment of uterine leiomyomata
Authors: Benagiano G. , Morini A. , Aleandri V. , Piccinno F. , Primiero F.M. , Abbondante G. , Elkind‐Hirsch K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA group of 48 women with symptomatic leiomyomata were treated during 6 months with the short‐acting Gn‐RH superagonist analog buserelin. The first (group C) was followed up for an additional six months of no medication. The second (group M) was treated for 6 additional months with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at doses decreasing from 200 to 25 mg/day. Buserelin therapy significantly decreased uterine size (P < 0.001) in all patients, the average final volume being 48.5% of the original (from 262 ± 147 ml to 127 ± 85.4 ml). In group C there was a significant (P < 0.001) re‐growth during the post‐treatment observation period (from 120 ± 81.0 ml to 198 ± 77.2 ml); a significant (P < 0.01) re‐growth was also observed in group M during MPA medication (from 132 ± 77.2 ml to 170 ± 96.0 ml). The agonist had also a marked effect on fibroids: on average they decreased from 75.1 ± 74.3 ml to 24.7 ± 23.3 ml (P < 0.025). In group C during the post‐buserelin period of observation without treatment, there was a significant re‐growth from 23.7 ± 21.6 ml to 47.7 ± 27.5 ml (P < 0.001), whereas in group M treatment with MPA prevented any significant re‐growth (from 25.6 ± 24.8 to 30.6 ± 32.9 ml; P > 0.3).
The “kangaroo‐mother” method: Evaluation of an alternative model for the care of low birth weight newborns in developing countries
Authors: Colonna F. , Uxa F. , da Graca A.M. , de Vonderweld U. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe “kangaroo‐mother” method, that is nursing babies by continuously keeping them wrapped at the mother's breasts, has been proposed as an “appropriate technology” for the care of low birth weight (LBW) newborns in developing countries. We evaluated the effectiveness of this method as an alternative hospital care model in the Special Care nursery of the Central Hospital of Mapto, Mozambique. One hundred LBW newborns (mean birth weight 1329 g, SD ± 208 g) were consecutively admitted to the “kangaroo‐mother” section of the unit at the mean postnatal age of 11.6 days. Ninety‐five of them were discharged alive after a mean period of 16.3 days of “kangaroo” nursing. During this period they were exclusively breast fed and their mean weight gain was 12.8 g/day. Besides being very effective in improving survival, this method favored the development of early mother‐infant relations, which are certainly very important for the long term well‐being of the child.
The influence of demographic and phenotypic heterogeneity on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dooley S.L. , Metzger B.E. , Cho N. , Liu K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn order to explore the influence of demographic and phenotypic characteristics on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), data were analyzed from 3744 consecutive patients who underwent universal screening with a 50 g glucose load at 24–28 weeks gestational age. Those with a 1‐h plasma glucose ≥130 mg/dl underwent a 3‐h, 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test following dietary preparation. The population was 39.1% White, 37.7% Black, 19.8% Hispanic and 3.4% Oriental/other. The overall prevalence of GDM was 3.5 cases/100. Significant inter‐racial differences in maternal age and prepregnant percent ideal body weight (PIBW) were observed, with White patients being older and leaner than Blacks and Hispanics. By multiple logistic regression, Black and Hispanic race, maternal age and PIBW were found to have significant independent effects on the prevalence of GDM. Controlling for age and PIBW, the adjusted relative risk of GDM was significantly higher in Black (1.81, 95% CI 1.13–2.89) and Hispanic (2.45, 95% CI 1.48–4.04) patients compared to White. We conclude that demographic and phenotypic characteristics of populations need to be taken into consideration in future studies of prevalence of GDM, perinatal implications and therapeutic approaches to the disease.
Maternal mortality in Jamaica: health care provision and causes of death
Authors: Keeling J.W. , McCaw‐Binns A.M. , Ashley D.E. , Golding J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDetails of 62 maternal deaths occurring in 1986/1987 were compared with a control population. The incidence was 11.5 per 10 000 livebirths. The major cause of maternal mortality was hypertension followed by hemorrhage and infection. There were trends with advanced maternal age and high parity. The risk of maternal death varied with hospital facilties available, being lowest in areas with access to a specialist hospital and highest in areas where there were no obstetricians available.
Illegal induced abortion — A continuing problem in Nigeria
Authors: Archibong E.I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIllegal induced abortion is still a major contributing factor to maternal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. It is very common among school girls who are still ignorant of contraception. A good percentage of the abortions are procured by nonmedically qualified personnel. The author has not only advocated the introduction of sex education into the school curriculum as a redeeming measure, but also the provision of contraception in schools and the liberalization of the abortion law.