bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a 1 Hz relative linewidth Er:fiber comb utilizing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror
Authors: Kashimura Tsubasa , Sugiyama Yohei , Wu Shijun , Nakajima Yoshiaki , Kokuyama Wataru , Akamatsu Daisuke , Hong Feng-Lei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An Er:fiber comb based on a mode-locked Er:fiber laser was developed, employing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror and an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator. The carrier-envelope offset frequency of the comb was phase-locked with a servo bandwidth of 60 kHz using a divide-by-10 frequency divider. Subsequently, the Er:fiber comb was phase-locked to an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser with a servo bandwidth of 550 kHz, without the necessity of a frequency divider. Furthermore, the relative linewidth of the developed Er:fiber comb was evaluated by comparing it with another optical frequency comb, confirming that the relative linewidth was less than 1 Hz.
Direct magnetic resonance cholangiography of the common bile duct after surgery for choledocholithiasis
Authors: Volkov A. A. , Beloselsky N. N. , Pribytkov Yu. N. , Pribytkov A. Yu. 
Published: February 2025

Objective. To test the technique of direct magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography by introducing an MR contrast agent into the drainages of the common bile duct to determine patency.Materials and methods. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdominal cavity, performed on a Siemens Amira 1.5T MR tomograph, in 3 patients who underwent surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis with subsequent injection of a contrast agent in the form of 20 ml of a paramagnetic agent (gadodiamide) diluted in 50 ml of saline solution into the common bile duct drainage tubes.Results. To increase the volume of a traditional MRI contrast agent for subsequent injection into the common bile duct drainage, a bottle of paramagnetic agent (gadodiamide 20 ml) was diluted in 50 ml of saline solution. Subsequent analysis of the images showed no noticeable deterioration in the paramagnetic properties of the diluted gadodiamide. The excellent rheological properties of gadodiamide compared with the contrast agents used for direct X-ray cholangiography did not prevent the passage of the paramagnetic agent into the duodenum. The technique does not require additional equipment or software for MR tomography. The patency of the biliary tract based on the fixation of the paramagnetic nerve introduced into the common bile duct drainage in the duodenum was confirmed by subsequent endoscopic examination. No complications were observed within 10 days after the procedure.Conclusions. The technique of direct MR cholangiography with the introduction of a paramagnetic solution into the common bile duct drainage can be added to postoperative MRI of the abdomen to determine the patency of the bile ducts.
Msmes Performance Of Indonesian Textile Reviewed From Social Capital, Psychological Capital And Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Sonaji Sonaji , Agustina Tri Siwi 
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the influence of social capital and psychological capital on the business performance of wastra nusantara’s MSMEs with the mediation of entrepreneurial orientation. The object of this research is Wastra Nusantara MSMEs from 6 cities/district in East Java with a total of 55 business owner. This type of research is quantitative while the data collection method uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability first. To prove the hypothesis, the statistical test tool Smart - Partial Least Square (PLS) version 3.2.9 is used. The results of the study recommend that entrepreneurial orientation is able to partially mediate the effect of social capital on the performance of the wastra nusantara’s MSMEs, as well as entrepreneurial orientation is able to partially mediate the effect of psychological capital on the performance of the wastra nusantara’s MSMEs. The managerial implications of this research are aimed at MSME coaches, namely Bank Indonesia and the wastra nusantara’s to better understand and help them survive and thrive in the midst of an increasingly challenging business environment.
Information Needs Analysis For Inventory Management System Development Based On Existing Conditions In MSMEs
Authors: Kurniadi Jeremy Andrian , Handayati Yuanita 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to strengthen its competitive advantage in the digital business industry in Indonesia by utilizing digital solutions to fulfill consumer needs, considering increasing market rivalry and the progress of digital products. The interview was conducted with micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) located in West Java from January to June 2024 to identify the issues and needs of MSMEs. The identified problems need to be further processed using the System Development Life Cycle method. The results are expected to be utilized in the development of an Inventory Management Information System that can support the effectiveness of inventory management by MSMEs.
Juridical Review Of The Role Of Judges In Legal Discovery (Rechtvinding) According To The Principles Of Good Justice In Handling Cases (Civil)
Authors: Pratama Widi Okta , Jaya Dwi Putra , Pase Ana Tasi 
Published: February 2025

Judges in examining and adjudicating cases, face a fact, that the written law is not always able to solve the problems faced, considering that the codification of the law, although it seems complete, is never perfect, because thousands of unexpected problems will be submitted to the judge. The purpose of this research is to find out the legal discoveries made by the settlement of cases (Civil). The research method used is normative legal research in the form of library research which is carried out by collecting legal materials both primary, secondary and or tertiary. The results of the research and discussion show that the umbrella for judges in making legal discoveries has been regulated in Indonesian positive law, namely that judges are independent and independent, may not refuse to hear, and must make legal considerations for decisions by mentioning articles of legislation or unwritten law as the basis for judging, by applying the meaning of judging according to the law by not discriminating against people so that civil case decisions are produced in accordance with legal values and a sense of justice that lives in society. In order to produce a civil decision, the judge must rely on the evidence submitted by the parties to the dispute, because the truth sought in a civil case is the formal truth, namely the truth that is born on the basis of formal evidence from the parties to the dispute.
PEMBERDAYAAN KADER POSYANDU DAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI DEMONSTRASI TOT (TRAINING OF TRAINERS) PEMERIKSAAN TEKANAN DARAH, KOLESTEROL, ASAM URAT DAN GULA DARAH DI KAMPUNG TUA TELUK LENGUNG RT 01 RT 02/RW 022 KELURAHAN KABIL KECAMATAN NONGSA KOTA BATAM
Authors: Syafitri Syafitri , Cica Maria  , Lisastri Syahrias  , Ratna Dewi Silalahi  , Syafitri  , Feni Lisa  , Hanifah  Putri Lestari  , Reza Saputra  , Sri Nuraeni  
Published: February 2025

Abstrak, Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan penyakit yang seringkali tidak menunjukkan gejala dan tanda klinis khusus. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan seseorang tidak mengetahui dan menyadari kondisi tersebut sejak awal. Keterlambatan penanganan pada PTM mengakibatkan biaya pengobatan yang tinggi, sulit diobati dan dikembalikan pada kondisi normal. Kejadian ini dapat dicegah melalui pengendalian faktor risikonya. Yaitu gaya hidup tidak sehat, tekanan darah tinggi, gula darah tinggi, kolesterol tinggi, obesitas dan lain-lain. Menurut data Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), penyakit tidak menular menyebabkan 41 juta kematian setiap tahun, yang merupakan 71% dari semua kematian global. Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah penyebab utama kematian PTM. Indonesia memiliki tantangan besar yang harus dihadapi saat ini adalah tiga masalah kesehatan penting diantaranya bertambahnya penyakit tidak menular, penyakit infeksi dan kemunculan penyakit yang seharusnya sudah berhasil diatasi. Kementrian Kesehatan (2022) menyatakan bahwa penyakit tidak menular menimbulkan angka kematian yang tinggi tiap tahunnya. Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini mempunyai tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya menjaga kesehatan dan melakukan pemeriksaan rutin mengenai tekanan darah, kolesterol, asam urat dan gula darah. Pelaksanaan pada juni 2024 di Kampung Tua Teluk Lengung, RT 01 dan 02/RW 022, Kelurahan Kabil, Kecamatan Nongsa, Kota Batam. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan memberikan pelatihan kepada kader posyandu dan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan mengenai tekanan darah, kolesterol, asam urat dan gula darah. Dan hasilnya bahwa dari 50 Responden yang paling banyak berusia >40-49 Tahun. Responden dengan hasil tekanan darah >135/90mmhg sebanyak > 15 warga. Responden dengan kolesterol normal >75%. Responden dengan hasil asam urat abnormal >85%. Responden dengan hasil gula darah abnormal > 95% warga.
تحليل أثر مؤشر المعرفة المؤثر في التنمية الاقتصادية دراسة حالة العراق
Authors: الزركوشي علياء , حسين حسين , يحيى ياسر 
Published: February 2025

يعد اقتصاد المعرفة فرعاً جديداً من فروع العلوم الاقتصادية، إذ يقوم أساساً نتائج وآثار ثورة تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات والتي تتجاوز في آثارها ما سبق أن أنجزته البشرية من ابتكارات طوال تاريخها، ويهدف البحث الى تحليل دور مؤشر الاقتصاد المعرفي في اتاحة الفرص لجميع افراد المجتمع بما يدفع باتجاه تنمية روح الابداع والابتكار لديهم وتنويع مصادر دخلهم.
ويقوم هذا الاقتصاد على فهم جديد أكثر عمقاً لدور المعرفة، لدفع التنمية الاقتصادية وتقدم المجتمع، فضلاً عن كونه مولداً حقيقياً للثروة، وتأتي أهمية البحث وفقاً للمنطلقات الآتية:
1-	التعاطي مع موضوع مهم وحيوي يُشكل ركناً أساسياً في عالم ما بعد الصناعة.
2-	المقاربة النظرية التطبيقية في دراسة تأثيرات هذا الاقتصاد على فرص النمو والتنمية في العراق من خلال توظيف المعرفة.
ومن أهم نتائج البحث هو وجود علاقة طردية بين درجة المؤشرات (X) والناتج المحلي الاجمالي(GPD)، اي ان زيادة درجة المؤشرات بمقدار وحده واحده يؤدي الى زيادة الناتج المحلي الاجمالي بمقدار(2.23)، أما اهم التوصيات فهي وضع الآليات من أجل التغلب على التحديات التي تواجه الانتقال نحو الاقتصاد المعرفي ومنها ما يتعلق بالعوامل الثقافية والاجتماعية ومنها يتعلق بالحوافز المؤسسي والقدرات.
Multiepoch Observations of the Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 3938 with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory
Authors: Raut Siddhi , Schlegel Eric M. , Pannuti Thomas G. , Jones Brannon W. , Matallana Jacobo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an analysis of two epochs of ACIS observations of the SA(s)c spiral galaxy NGC 3938 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The total exposure time of the observations was 95 ks, with a limiting unabsorbed luminosity of ≈1038 erg s−1 assuming a distance of 22 Mpc. A total of 47 discrete merged sources from both epochs were detected at the ≈3σ level or greater with the D25 radius. We demonstrate that at the time of the Chandra observations the nucleus was not detected. We connect the detected sources to counterparts in other wavebands to the degree possible. Based on the two epochs, we identify three variable sources and an additional two that may have varied between the two observations. We do not formally detect any of the five historical supernovae that have occurred in NGC 3938. The luminosity function of NGC 3938 is compared to a recent compilation of 38 galaxies, and we identify a potentially significant problem with the “known” distance to NGC 3938. Star formation rate and metallicity values are also computed; the star formation rate is highly dependent on the adopted distance. The metallicity appears to lie in the range of 8.2–9.2, consistent with values from other work. We include in an appendix a short discussion of the sources that lie in Chandra’s field of view but lie outside of NGC 3938.
Earth Detecting Earth: At What Distance Could Earth’s Constellation of Technosignatures Be Detected with Present-day Technology?
Authors: Sheikh Sofia Z. , Huston Macy J. , Fan Pinchen , Wright Jason T. , Beatty Thomas , Martini Connor , Kopparapu Ravi , Frank Adam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The field of Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) searches for “technosignatures” could provide the first detection of life beyond Earth through the technology that an extraterrestrial intelligence may have created. Any given SETI survey, if no technosignatures are detected, should set upper limits based on the kinds of technosignatures it should have been able to detect; the sensitivity of many SETI searches requires that their target sources (e.g., Dyson spheres or Kardashev II/III level radio transmitters) emit with power far exceeding the kinds of technology humans have developed. In this paper, we instead turn our gaze Earthward, minimizing the axis of extrapolation by only considering transmission and detection methods commensurate with an Earth 2024 level. We evaluate the maximum distance of detectability for various present-day Earth technosignatures—radio transmissions, atmospheric technosignatures, optical and infrared signatures, and objects in space or on planetary surfaces—using only present-day Earth instruments, providing one of the first fully cross-wavelength comparisons of the growing toolbox of SETI techniques. In this framework, we find that Earth’s space-detectable signatures span 13 orders of magnitude in detectability, with intermittent, celestially targeted radio transmission (i.e., planetary radar) beating out its nearest nonradio competitor by a factor of 103 in detection distance. This work highlights the growing range of ways that exoplanet technosignatures may be expressed, the growing complexity and visibility of the human impact upon our planet, and the continued importance of the radio frequencies in SETI.
Thermal Variability in the Martian Upper Atmosphere within the Crustal Magnetic Field Region Induced by Gravity Wave Dissipation Due to Ion-drag Effect
Authors: Wang Xing , Xu Xiaojun , Cui Jun , Yi Siqi , Gu Hao , Zhou Zilu , Man Hengyan , Luo Lei , He Peishan , Yang Pu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution detected a significant temperature increase of approximately 20–40 K in the upper atmosphere within the strong crustal magnetic field (CF) region during two deep dip campaigns. Previous studies were unable to fully explain this thermal variation. Atmospheric gravity waves are an underlying mechanism, attributed to the ion-drag effect. During this effect process, the collisions between neutral particles and ions transfer wave momentum along the magnetic field lines, and lead to wave dissipation and energy release to heat or cool the background atmosphere. We developed a one-dimensional linear wave model to describe the effect of ion-drag on wave propagation and dissipation in the Martian upper atmosphere. Our results show that the ion-drag effect influences wave propagation primarily above 160 km in the CF region and around 200 km in the noncrustal magnetic field (NCF) region. The total wave energy flux driven by the ion-drag effect in the CF region is approximately 108 eV cm−2 s−1, with heating rates of 10–60 K per sol and cooling rates up to 40 K per sol above 155 km. Wave-driven temperature enhancements in the CF region due to the ion-drag effect are a few Kelvins higher than in the NCF regions, though still smaller than the observed 20–40 K. Additional wave processes, including wave breaking and multiwave dissipation, may contribute to the observed thermal variability and should be considered in future studies.
Exoplanet Occurrence Rate with Age for FGK Stars in Kepler
Authors: Sayeed Maryum , Angus Ruth , Berger Travis A. , Lu Yuxi(Lucy) , Christiansen Jessie L. , Foreman-Mackey Daniel , Ness Melissa K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We measure the exoplanet occurrence rate as a function of isochrone and gyrochronology ages using confirmed and candidate planets identified in Q1–17 DR25 Kepler data. We employ Kepler's pipeline detection efficiency to correct for the expected number of planets in each age bin. We examine the occurrence rates for planets with radii 0.2 ≤ Rp ≤ 20 R
⊕ and orbital periods 0.2 ≤ P ≤ 100 days for FGK stars with ages between 1.5 and 8 Gyr using the inverse detection-efficiency method. We find no significant trend between the occurrence rate and stellar age; a slight decreasing trend (within 1.5σ–2.5σ) only emerges for the low-mass and metal-rich stars that dominate our sample. We isolate the effects of mass and metallicity on the occurrence rate trend with age, but find the results to be inconclusive, due to weak trends and the small sample size. Our results hint that the exoplanet occurrence rate may decrease over time due to dynamical instability from planet–planet scattering or planet ejection, but accurate ages and larger sample sizes are needed to resolve a clear relation between the occurrence rate and age.
3D Nonequilibrium Ionization and Spectroscopic Modeling of Coronal Mass Ejections. I. Comparison with Hinode/EIS Observations
Authors: Wraback E. M. , Landi E. , Manchester W. B. , Szente J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-resolution EUV spectroscopy provides an informative diagnostic tool for the early evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) since it can directly measure many physical properties of CME plasma close to the Sun that cannot be determined from white-light coronagraphs or narrowband imagers. The Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) captured a series of high-resolution EUV spectra of the 2008 April 9 event, also known as the “Cartwheel CME,” during its initial acceleration period. CMEs are inherently dynamic events, driving the plasma from ionization equilibrium, which makes the nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) effects important when analyzing spectral observations. In this work, we performed simulations of the Cartwheel CME using the Alfvén Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) to provide insight into the plasma structure and dynamics during the early evolution of this CME. For the first time, we combined self-consistent nonequilibrium charge state calculations in the EUV spectral line synthesis for a CME simulation to account for the plasma departures from ionization equilibrium everywhere in the CME. In this first paper of the series, we compare the simulation results to the EIS observations of this event to assess the quality of the AWSoM predictions. We find that the CME is out of equilibrium, indicating that NEI effects should be considered in the EUV spectral synthesis. Overall, the model reproduces the thermodynamic evolution of the CME in the low solar corona well, as compared to the EIS observations.
Tracking Outflow Using Line Locking (TOLL). II. Large Line-locking Web Identified in Quasar J151352+085555
Authors: Chen Chen , He Zhicheng , Yi Weimin , Ji Tuo , Lau Marie Wingyee , Ma Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quasar outflows often consist of two clouds with velocity separations matching the doublet spacings of common UV resonance transitions, a phenomenon known as line locking, which is commonly observed in quasar spectra. Multiple clouds can be locked together through multi-ion doublets, forming a “line-locking web.” In the second paper of the TOLL project, we present the discovery of one of the largest “line-locking webs” known to date from the Very Large Telescope UVES spectra of QSO J151352+085555. We identify 12 associated narrow absorption line systems through the C iv, N v, Si iv, O vi, and multiple Lyman lines (Lyα to Lyϵ) and find 10 out of the 12 absorbers are line-locked together by comparing velocity separations between different absorption systems. By conducting photoionization modeling with CLOUDY, we measure the total hydrogen column densities, metallicities, and ionization parameters of these absorbers, which suggests that the absorbers likely have subsolar metallicities. A preliminary statistical analysis demonstrates that the shadowed clouds tend to have similar ionization states compared to the shadowing ones. Identification of one of the largest line-locking webs implies that radiative acceleration plays an important role in sorting out cloud velocities in quasar outflows and highlights the need for more sophisticated theoretical models to explain its formation and evolution.
A Laboratory Study of Plasma Charging Inside Lava Tubes on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Gopalakrishnan S. , Wang X. , Horányi M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The electrostatic charging environment inside lunar lava tubes was investigated in laboratory experiments using a glass tube exposed to a simulated solar wind flow. A conducting surface was attached at the entrance of the tube and biased to various negative potentials to study the electron shielding effect on the charging conditions inside the tube. The electrical potential at the bottom of the glass tube was measured using a planar probe. It is shown that the bottom surface potential is positive and increases with the increasing ion beam energy, as well as with the increasing depth inside the tube, as a result of electron Debye shielding at the entrance and along the length of the tube due to the electron thermal motion. It is found that the bottom tube potential does not approach the ion kinetic energy even when the solar wind electrons are nearly fully shielded from entering the tube. We show that ion-generated secondary electrons from the sidewall of the tube partially neutralize the buildup of positive charges at the bottom of the tube. Our results provide insights into the plasma charging environment inside lunar lava tubes that may be used as natural habitats for future human exploration on the surface of the Moon.
Les casernes de la Troisième République étaient-elles des écoles de vertus masculines ? (1872-1914)
Authors: Marly Mathieu 
Published: February 2025

Le service militaire obligatoire – dont le principe est adopté en 1872 – a-t-il transformé les casernes en école de virilité pour les classes de conscrits avant 1914 ? L’idée d’une caserne républicaine devenue cadre d’apprentissage de la virilité pour les jeunes Français est un lieu commun abondamment relayé par les chefs militaires et les élites républicaines à la fin du XIXe siècle, un lieu commun qui repose sur l’idée d’un modèle militaro-viril uniforme, transmis par l’institution militaire et intériorisé par tous les soldats. Cet article entend démontrer que la caserne est en réalité un lieu de rencontre et d’affrontement entre différents modèles d'une masculinité exaltée par l’institution (la virilité sacrificielle du citoyen-soldat), incarnée par certains officiers issus des lycées (la « masculinité apaisée » de l’officier-pédagogue) et, le plus souvent, imposée par des camarades de chambrée issus des classes populaires.
« Jamais la pleine émancipation de la virilité ne sera mon lot ! ». Jeunes hommes et modèles masculins sous la plume des moralistes catholiques au XIXe siècle
Authors: Muller Caroline 
Published: February 2025

La place des femmes dans le catholicisme du XIXe siècle en France est désormais bien connue, si bien que l’historiographie a insisté sur la « féminisation » des personnels, des spiritualités ou encore des pratiques. La question des hommes et des masculinités a été moins explorée, en particulier les modèles et stratégies pastorales qui leur sont destinés. À partir d’un ensemble d’écrits de moralistes à destination des jeunes garçons et jeunes hommes, ce travail esquisse le profil de l’homme idéal d’après ces « bons livres » et ses écarts par rapport aux modèles féminins. S’attachant aux sociabilités, au travail et au futur rôle de chef de famille, les moralistes insistent sur la nécessité d’adopter un comportement de soldat de la foi au service de la rechristianisation du monde, sur fond de reformulation des devoirs politiques et patriotiques.