bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensing Systems
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 4, we derived an expression for the radiance reaching the sensor. In this chapter, one of our goals is to see how we can use imaging sensors to record and measure that radiance. The treatment of sensors is one of the most involved and exciting aspects of remote sensing. Traditionally, the sensor has been the most complex and expensive part of the image chain. It has been the jewel designed to offset, or blind one to, any flaws in the other links. Today the sensor is still a critical and expensive com-ponent in the image chain. However, the user community is placing increasing em-phasis on the processing, storage, and information extraction stages of the image chain (cf. Chaps. 7–12).
Classification
Authors: Schott John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces a number of algorithms that are targeted at analysis of mul-tispectral data. As part of that process, we introduce the basic vector-matrix nota-tion and operations that will be used extensively in Chapters 9, 10, and 11. In fact, the division of the material into these three chapters is somewhat arbitrary. This chapter deals primarily with techniques that have been developed or used initially on multispectral data. However, many of them are also applicable to imaging spectrometer data and could be included in Chapter 10.
Part IV: Chapters 1–8
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“fled towards the city”: here the earlier editions add: “The terrible news that his reign had been destroyed reached the ruler of Birbhum, Asad-ul-jaman, as he sat contentedly on his throne. Then in great agitation . . .” and so on (A[BSP]: 141).
James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Rights
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today we hold the Constitution in such high regard that we can hardly imagine how hotly contested was its adoption. In fact, many of the thirteen states saw fierce debate over the document, and ratification was by no means certain. Virginia, the largest and most influential state, approved the Constitution by the barest of margins, and only after an epic political battle between James Madison and Patrick Henry. Now Richard Labunski offers a dramatic account of a time when the entire American experiment hung in the balance, only to be saved by the most unlikely of heroes--the diminutive and exceedingly shy Madison. Here is a vividly written account of not one but several major political struggles which changed the course of American history. Labunski takes us inside the sweltering converted theater in Richmond, where for three grueling weeks, the soft-spoken Madison and the charismatic Patrick Henry fought over whether Virginia should ratify the Constitution. The stakes were enormous. If Virginia voted no, George Washington could not become president, New York might follow suit and reject the Constitution, and the young nation would be thrust into political chaos. But Madison won the day by a handful of votes, mollifying Anti-Federalist fears by promising to add a bill of rights to the Constitution. To do this, Madison would have to win a seat in the First Congress. Labunski shows how the vengeful Henry prevented Madison's appointment to the Senate and then used his political power to ensure that Madison would run against his good friend, Revolutionary War hero James Monroe, in a House district teeming with political enemies. Overcoming great odds, Madison won by a few hundred votes, allowing him to attend the First Congress and sponsor the Bill of Rights. Packed with colorful details about life in early America, this compelling and important narrative is the first serious book about Madison written in many years. It will return this under-appreciated patriot to his rightful place among the Founding Fathers and shed new light on a key turning point in our nation's history.
Introduction
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After the Constitution was Written in the summer of 1787 and the Con- federation Congress forwarded it to the states, delegates at many of the ratifying conventions became alarmed by the planned transfer of power to the new federal government. They worried that the states would no longer exist as independent sovereignties and would instead become subser vient to a potentially oppressive and unaccountable central government.
The Philadelphia Convention
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As James Madison Waited to sign the Constitution in the historic Assem bly Room where he had spent almost every day of the last four months, he knew that he and the other convention delegates-who had come from twelve of the thirteen states and were some of the most distin guished citizens of the new republic-would never again be together. Although not sentimental, the shy and soft-spoken statesman from Or ange County, Virginia, must have allowed himself at least a few mo ments to appreciate what had been accomplished in the State House in Philadelphia during the long summer of 1787.
The Reluctant Candidate
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among James Madison’S Many Admirers, few seemed as devoted as John Dawson. Known as “Beau” for his elegant attire, the redheaded Dawson wrote a steady stream of letters to Madison between 1785 and 1812. Dawson cared so much about his relationship with Madison that he of ten began his correspondence with an expression of regret, or even pique, if he had not received a response to his previous note. A week after the Philadelphia convention ended, he wrote, “On my arrival in this town [Fredericksburg], on the last evening, I was much disappointed in re ceiving no letter from you.” He hoped that “our correspondence will be more regular” and said that any information Madison could provide about Congress’s activities would be considered “a matter of first conse quence to me.” He sometimes informed Madison of his travel plans so Madison would know where to send the next letter.
The Virginia Ratifying Convention
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On Shockoe Hill in Downtown Richmond, Alexander Maria Quesnay de Beaurepaire built what he hoped would be a grand academy of arts and sciences. Quesnay, a French soldier who arrived in 1777 at the age of twenty-two to help the American colonies win independence and served as a captain in Virginia, had deep affection for the United States. After the war, he envisioned centers of learning and culture-similar to the academies of Europe-throughout the new nation. His Richmond acad emy would attract scholars from around the world who would teach music, art, fencing, foreign languages, geography, arithmetic, and the physical sciences. More practical crafts would be taught as well, includ ing embroidery, needlework, and writing. To help support the academy’s educational programs and enrich the cultural life of Richmond, Quesnay arranged for the building to also serve as a theater. He wanted the great plays of the day to be performed by local and touring companies for the five thousand inhabitants of the growing city, who had few opportuni ties for such enlightened entertainment.
The Ratification Vote
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the Weekend, James Madison had become ill. He wrote to Alexander Hamilton that the “Heat of the weather … has laid me up with a bilious attack: I am not able therefore to say more than a few words;’ Madison was probably suffering again from severe stomach discomfort. He would have had a difficult time leaving his boardinghouse room and was likely weak from diarrhea and dehydration. The already shy Madison would have been humiliated if he returned to the convention in this condition and his fellow delegates and the audience saw him frequently get up from his seat and exit the floor. This was not good news for supporters of the Constitution. If the frail Madison were to be seriously ill during the Richmond convention, it could affect the ratification vote.
The Anti-Federalists Fight Back
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Final Days of the ratifying convention, Patrick Henry told his fellow delegates and the hundreds of spectators packed into the galleries that he would accept defeat gracefully. He pledged to be a “quiet citizen” who, having fought the good fight against what he was convinced would be a dangerous federal government, was now ready to accept the new system. He expressed the same sentiment to Anti-Federalists attending the meeting organized by George Mason on June 27 at the state capital building and in letters to friends and supporters.
Congress Proposes the Bill of Rights
Authors: Labunski Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Congressional Session was taking its toll on Madison. The long de bates in the House chamber, followed by evenings spent writing letters to friends and political figures throughout the country, were exhausting him. He told his father in the first week of July that “the business goes on still very slowly;’ and “We are in a wilderness without a single footstep to guide us.” Recognizing that so much of what the First Congress was do ing would set a precedent, Madison wrote that “it is ... necessary to explore the way with great labour and caution. Those who may follow will have an easier task;’
Paradigm Lost
Authors: Stoesz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Seeing, therefore, that Arms, like Letters, require intelligence, let us consider now which of the two performs the greatest mental labour, the man of letters or the man of war; for this will be decided by the end and object at which each is aiming-since the purpose which has the noblest end in view must be the more highly valued. The end of the object of learning .I am speaking of the humanities, whose aim is to maintain impartial justice, to give every man his rights, to make good laws, and to see that they are kept. That is certainly a lofty and generous aim, and highly praiseworthy, though not so much as the profession of Arms, whose aim and object is peace, the greatest good which men can desire in this life.
Introduction
Authors: Gruen Erich S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Judtth R Ginsburg 28,2002. At her death she left behind an unfinished manuscript of monograph length on the younger Agrippina. She had been working on this study intermittently for several years, making trips to Rome to conduct research, and writing in the interstices amid teaching obligations, extensive engagement with her university and her profession, and commitments to social justice. She strove mightily in the last months of her life to bring the monograph to completion. But the ravages of a dread illness dictated that she fall short of that goal. Ginsburg’s important book Tradition and Theme in the Annals of Tacitus ( 1981) holds its place among the finest studies of that subtle and devious historian. She offered a tightly reasoned, nuanced, and original interpretation of Tahitian techniques that shed new light not only on the historian’s practice but also on the devices with which he shaped (and distorted) our understanding of Rome in the early Empire. She demonstrated convincingly that Tacitus used the annalistic form of composition to his O\\’n ends, remaining within its framework to give the illusion of conventionality, while manipulating it so as to provide a vehicle for his idiosyncratic reconstruction. The second major study, on Agrippina the Younger, which would encompass analysis not only of Tacitus’s portrait but that of the other literary sources, as well as the artistic representations, has been long awaited. Ginsburg’s many personal, political, and academic commitments-and her own drive for perfection-delayed publication.
Agrippina in the Literary Tradition
Authors: Ginsburg Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Literary Record On Agrippina The Younger Is Shaped With Calculation to produce a portrait-or portraits. The product may intersect or overlap with history, but it is not to be confused with history. This entangled relationship between report and design arises most conspicuously and powerfully in Tacitus. But it clings also to the accounts of Suetonius and Dio Cassius, and to the interlocking narratives generated by those authors, our principal literary sources. EC] We will go a long way toward dispelling the power that the Tahitian account of Agrippina has over us by recognizing that a number of literary and rhetorical features of the historian’s narrative make it extremely problematic to take the picture of Agrippina that emerges as an accurate reflection of the historical woman. We need to acknowledge, in other words, that Tacitus’s Agrippina is largely a literary construct that serves the larger ends of the narrative of the participates of Claudius and Nero.
Agrippina and the Power of Rhetorical Stereotypes
Authors: Ginsburg Judith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of what Hilliard ascribes to the rhetorical stereotypes with which politically active women of the late Republic were fashioned may be true of the rhetorical construction of Agrippina and her predecessors. We can agree that the allegations against imperial women that have made their way into the historical tradition probably had their origin in contemporary political polemic and that at least two motivations underlie these negative portrayals: to cast opprobrium on the men with whom these women were associated and to discourage aristocratic and imperial women from challenging the male monopoly of the Roman political system.
God on the Hill, Temple Poems from Tirupati
Authors: Rao Velcheru Narayana , Shulman David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The devotional poems of Annamayya (15th century) are perhaps the most accessible and universal achievement of classical Telugu literature, one of the major literatures of pre-modern India. Annamayya effectively created and popularized a new genre, the short padam song, which spread throughout the Telugu and Tamil regions and would become an important vehicle for the composition of Carnatic music—the classical music of South India. In this book, Velcheru Narayana Rao and David Shulman offer translations of nearly 100 of Annamayya’s poems. All of them are addressed to the god associated with the famous temple city of Tirupati—Annamayya’s home. This deity is sometimes referred to as “god on the hill” or “lord of the seven hills.” The poems are couched in a simple and approachable language invented by Annamayya for this purpose and fall into two major categories, the erotic and the metaphysical. The erotic poems, usually in the female voice, sing of the complexities of the god’s love life. The metaphysical poems are sung in the poet’s own voice and explore the relationship between the poet and his god. Though a small sample of Annamayya’s surviving corpus, the selection in this volume suggests the scope of both genres. Rao and Shulman’s elegant and lyrical modern translations of these beautiful and moving verses are wonderfully readable as poetry in their own right. The Afterword enriches the reader’s understanding, providing historical context and returning us to the poems themselves with a deeper appreciation.
Freedom’s Orator
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here is the first biography of Mario Savio, the brilliant leader of Berkeley's Free Speech Movement, the largest and most disruptive student rebellion in American history. Savio risked his life to register black voters in Mississippi in the Freedom Summer of 1964 and did more than anyone to bring daring forms of non-violent protest from the civil rights movement to the struggle for free speech and academic freedom on American campuses. Drawing upon previously unavailable Savio papers, as well as oral histories from friends and fellow movement leaders, Freedom's Orator illuminates Mario's egalitarian leadership style, his remarkable eloquence, and the many ways he embodied the youthful idealism of the 1960s. The book also narrates, for the first time, his second phase of activism against "Reaganite Imperialism" in Central America and the corporatization of higher education. Including a generous selection of Savio's speeches, Freedom's Orator speaks with special relevance to a new generation of activists and to all who cherish the '60s and democratic ideals for which Savio fought so selflessly.
Descending From Leadership
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the aftermath of the FSM’s victory on December 8 and in the opening months of the spring 1965 semester there were no outward signs that Savio’s days as a political leader were numbered. His eloquent speech at the FSM’s victory rally, celebrating the new birth of freedom at UC, was followed by a successful cam- pus speaking tour, sharing the inside story of how Berkeley students pioneered new forms of campus activism. The most important symbol of victory was Sproul Plaza itself, now a free political space and rallying point for many causes. Among those causes was the final local campaign of the Berkeley student movement in civil rights: demonstrations against racially discriminatory restaurants in Oakland’s Jack London Square. Students rallied in solidarity with the freedom movement in Selma, Alabama, and Savio would Participate in the second Selma march. Vietnam gradually emerged as the dominant issue, as students launched civil disobedience actions against the war—with Savio among those signing a pledge against military service in Vietnam. For the remainder of the 1960s Berkeley would be known as one of the world’s most politically engaged campuses.
Battling Back
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Politically, the early and mid-1970s were fatal for the New Left and barren for Savio. The student movement went into a tailspin from which it would never recover. Although the massacre of students at Kent State by the National Guard in May 1970 sparked a record number of student demonstrations, by the following fall the memory of that tragedy as well as the bloodshed at Jackson State chilled the political atmosphere. Students now realized that death could be the price for antiwar protest. The winding down of U.S. ground troops’ role in the war due to Nixon’s Vietnamization program, followed finally by the Paris Peace Accords in 1973 and Saigon’s fall to Communist forces in 1975, combined with the recession and the lack of radical leadership in the wake of the implosion of SDS to further impede campus activism. At this time, when the declining New Left so badly needed leadership, it could not turn to Savio, one of the Left’s most gifted leaders. He was in too much personal pain even to consider playing a political role. His bouts with depression worsened to the point where he spent extensive periods as an inpatient at a Los Angeles psychiatric institution.
Bodies Upon The Gears
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You know, I just want to say one brief thing about something the previous speaker said. I didn’t want to spend too much time on that because I don’t think it’s important enough. But one thing is worth considering. He’s the . . . nominal head of an organization supposedly representative of the undergraduates, whereas in fact under the Kerr directives it derives its authority, its delegated power, from the administration. It’s totally unrepresentative of the graduate students and TAs. But he made the following statement, I quote: “I would ask all those who are not definitely committed to the FSM cause to stay away from demonstration.” All right, now, listen to this: “For all upper division students who are interested in alleviating the TA shortage problem, I would encourage you to offer your services to dePartment chairmen and advisers.” That has two things: a strikebreaker and a fink!
An End To History
Authors: Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Last summer I went to Mississippi to join the struggle there for civil rights. This fall I am engaged in another phase of the same struggle, this time in Berkeley. The two battlefields may seem quite different to some observers, but this is not the case. The same rights are at stake in both places—the right to particpate as citizens in democratic society and the right to due process of law. Further, it is a struggle against the same enemy. In Mississippi an autocratic and powerful minority rules, through organized violence, to suppress the vast, virtually powerless majority. In California, the privileged minority manipulates the university bureaucracy to suppress the students’ political expression. That “respectable” bureaucracy masks the financial plutocrats; that impersonal bureaucracy is the efficient enemy in a “brave new world.”
Bobcats at Home
Authors: Hansen Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are standing in a lush, mixed conifer and hardwood forest in northern Vermont, just a few miles outside the small town of Jericho. Above us stretch the branches of beech, birch, maple, hemlock, and red spruce. Springing from the rich, black soil beneath our feet is a mixed understory foliage of witch hobble, as well as saplings of yellow birch, sugar maple, striped maple, and American ash. Dappled sunlight falls all around. As I gaze up into the canopy, Susan motions to a cliff face a few yards away. This vertical slab of gray, metamorphic schist is broken by fissures and ledges and is covered with patches of green moss and lichen. These rocky outcrops occur frequently in this part of what is called the Northern Forest.
Introduction
Authors: Keane Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Writers of satire strike many different poses, ranging from conservative to transgressive, constructive to malicious. Horace, Persius, and Juvenal, the verse satirists of ancient Rome, use particularly diverse and colorful methods to practice their moral and social criticism. Such inconsistency of authorial perspective and agenda might be said to obfuscate, or even to preclude, a coherent generic theory; it has certainly fueled a long scholarly debate about satires essential nature. As a literary form, satire challenges readers on many levels, even prompting questions about its own historical origins and rhetorical aims. Indeed, more so than with other genres, we tend to feel more comfortable when we shift from talking about satire as literature to describing it as a kind of social practice. Satirists expose, perform, attack, punish, and instruct. In other words, they mimic society’s existing methods of criticism, correction, and entertainment in creating their literary texts. Models for the satiric procedure have been identified, by the Roman poets and their readers alike, in theatrical performance, in physical violence, in legal process, and in teaching.
Language, Writing, and Literature
Authors: Bertman Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1890, inventor Thomas Edison invited the three most famous people in England to record their voices for posterity on his recent invention, the phonograph. The three people were Queen Victoria, Prime Minister Gladstone, and the poet Tennyson. The queen declined, the prime minister sent some one else to read his message, and Tennyson-who had always been fascinated with science-agreed, and proceeded to make a whole series of recordings on the primitive wax cylinders of Edison’s “talking machine.” Regrettably, Tennyson stored his records in a box near the heating pipes of his home, and so the waxen hills and dales made by the running needle long ago melted into inaudible plains. But on some tracks still, beyond the hiss of hardened wax, the poet’s voice can still be heard, boldly declaiming his spirited verse.