bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of chemotherapy on urinary volatile biomarkers for lung cancer by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and chemometrics
Authors: Rubio‐Sánchez Ricardo , Ríos‐Reina Rocío , Ubeda Cristina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied as possible biomarkers in several diseases, including lung cancer. Early detection of cancer can improve long‐term survival rates and the quality of life, so the study of VOCs in exhaled breath and urine has been increasing in recent years. This study aimed to assess the urinary VOCs that are modified after chemotherapy to identify those with the potential to be lung cancer biomarkers that can be monitored during treatment.MethodsThree urine samples from 10 men with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma were collected, as well as urine samples from 14 men with other types of cancer (control group). All samples were analyzed by headspace‐solid phase microextraction gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 21 urinary VOCs were found with different levels after the administration of chemotherapy, with 2‐pentanone being one of those that significantly decreased. Furthermore, 2‐pentanone and 3‐hydroxy‐2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl‐2‐methylpropanoate showed statistically significant differences with the control group.ConclusionsChemotherapy administered to patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma modified the volatile profile of urine. 2‐Pentanone, a final product of the increased rate of fatty acid oxidation and protein hypermetabolism, significantly decreased after chemotherapy. Therefore, monitoring its urinary excretion could be very useful since its decrease over time could indicate an adequate response to chemotherapy and arrest of cancer development. Another VOC that could be a potential lung cancer biomarker is 3 hydroxy‐2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl‐2‐methylpropanoate, whose origin may be due to inhibition of the propanoic acid metabolic pathway or increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.
Estimating the sensitivity of CEO compensation to gross versus net accounting performance
Authors: Black Dirk E. , Dikolli Shane S. , Hofmann Christian , Pfeiffer Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn empirically estimating the relation between CEO compensation and accounting‐based firm and peer performance, researchers often define the performance variables net of CEO compensation expense. We analytically show that a researcher's use of CEO compensation as a regression's dependent variable and as an expense in defining a regression's independent variables representing accounting‐based firm and peer performance will bias the researcher's pay‐for‐performance and relative performance evaluation (RPE) regression coefficients. In a panel estimation of CEO compensation, we document an attenuation bias in the coefficients on net firm and net peer performance. This evidence may partially explain inferences of weak CEO incentives and limited usage of RPE in prior work. Our results imply that in CEO compensation regressions, a researcher can remove biases in inferring CEO incentives and RPE usage by using gross rather than net accounting performance variables—that is, by adding back CEO compensation expense to net accounting measures.
Mixing short‐ and long‐acting local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks: Protocol for a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Temberg Jens L. , Pisljagic Sanja , Steensbæk Mathias T. , Yousef Sina , Chafranska Lana , Lange Kai H. W. , Rothe Christian , Nørskov Anders K. , Maagaard Mathias , Lundstrøm Lars H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis protocol describes a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the clinical effects of mixing short‐ and long‐acting local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks. Clinicians often combine short‐ and long‐acting local anaesthetics to achieve a briefer onset time. However, this may come with a prize, namely a shorter total duration of the block, which is of clinical importance.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to strengthen the knowledge of the clinical effects associated with this practice. The primary outcome is the duration of block analgesia. Secondary outcomes are block onset time, sensory and motor block duration. Exploratory outcomes are postoperative pain scores, cumulative 24‐h opioid consumption and the prevalence of serious adverse events.MethodsWe will conduct a meta‐analysis of the extracted data, and the risk of bias for each study will be evaluated. We will perform a Trial Sequential Analysis, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses and assess the overall risk of publication bias. Finally, we will evaluate the review using the GRADE principles.
Characteristics of pediatric behavioral health emergencies in the prehospital setting
Authors: Wnorowska Julia H. , Naik Vishal , Ramgopal Sriram , Watkins Kenshata , Hoffmann Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 10% of emergency medical services (EMS) encounters in the United States are behavioral health related, but pediatric behavioral health EMS encounters have not been well characterized. We sought to describe demographic, clinical, and EMS system characteristics of pediatric behavioral health EMS encounters across the United States and to evaluate factors associated with sedative medication administration and physical restraint use during these encounters.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study of pediatric (<18 years old) behavioral health EMS encounters from 2019 to 2020 using the National Emergency Medical Services Information System. Behavioral health encounters were defined using primary or secondary impression codes. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with sedative medication administration and physical restraint use.ResultsOf 2,740,271 pediatric EMS encounters, 309,442 (11.3%) were for behavioral health. Of pediatric behavioral health EMS encounters, 85.2% of patients were 12–17 years old, 57.3% of patients were female, and 86.6% of encounters occurred in urban areas. Sedative medications and physical restraints were used in 2.2% and 3.0% of pediatric behavioral health EMS encounters, respectively. Sedative medication use was associated with the presence of developmental, communication, or physical disabilities relative to their absence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.93–3.91) and with encounters in the West relative to the South (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.32). Physical restraint use was associated with encounters by patients 6–11 years old relative to those 12–17 years old (aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.27–1.44), the West relative to the South (aOR 3.49, 95% CI 3.27–3.72), and private nonhospital EMS systems relative to fire departments (aOR 3.39, 95% CI 3.18–3.61).ConclusionsAmong pediatric prehospital behavioral health EMS encounters, the use of sedative medications and physical restraint varies by demographic, clinical, and EMS system characteristics. Regional variation suggests opportunities may be available to standardize documentation and care practices during pediatric behavioral health EMS encounters.
Efficacy of calcium hydroxide‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) biodegradable nanoparticles as an intracanal medicament against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a multi‐species biofilm model
Authors: Leelapornpisid Warat , Wanwatanakul Piyaporn , Mahatnirunkul Thanisorn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CH‐loaded PLGA NPs) on multi‐species biofilms. Human root blocks were prepared (n = 40), and multi‐species suspensions of Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii were incubated within the root canals for 21 days. Canals (n = 10/group) were then medicated with saline solution (negative control), chlorhexidine (positive control), calcium hydroxide and CH‐loaded PLGA NPs for 7 days. Samples taken from the 0.1 mm root canal dentin were collected, and cell growth was detected by culture on BHI agar. The viable cell count of the Ca(OH)2, chlorhexidine gel and CH‐loaded PLGA NPs group was significantly lower than the normal saline group (p < 0.001). CH‐loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated a significant lower viable cell than Ca(OH)2 (p < 0.001); it has potential as a medicament for endodontic therapy.
Tomographic evaluation of the glands and lymph nodes of the cervical region in the crab‐eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)
Authors: da Costa Isis Pinto , Schimming Bruno Cesar , de Oliveira Fernanda Gabriela , da Silva Jeana Pereira , de Melo Santos Mariana , de Lima Heloisa Coppini , Castañeda Brayan Sayed López , da Silva Suelen Lorena , Tsunemi Miriam Harumi , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine references of normality of computed tomographic (CT) images of mandibular and parotid salivary glands (PSGs), medial retropharyngeal and mandibular lymph nodes and thyroid gland of 10 clinically healthy crab‐eating foxes, Cerdocyon thous. The location, shape, homogeneity of the parenchyma, and length, height, width and pre‐ and post‐contrast attenuation values were evaluated. The anatomical structures in the crab‐eating foxes studied here presented anatomical landmarks similar to those described for domestic dogs, and showed a regular shape and homogenous parenchyma, except for the PSGs, that showed predominantly heterogeneous parenchyma. The thyroid gland topography in the crab‐eating fox, though very similar, is not identical to the domestic dog and the presence of isthmus between the lobes was not detected. The values obtained from crab‐eating foxes are within the normal range, although in the upper limits of dogs. There was a significant difference in the attenuation values between the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland, being greater in the left thyroid lobe. CT attenuation values ranges for this neotropical canid can be incorporated into routine staging procedures in the veterinary care of the crab‐eating foxes. Furthermore, the CT images obtained were similar to those of healthy dogs, and the information obtained can be considered as initial tomographic references of normality in the cervical structures of the crab‐eating fox, in order to aid in the diagnosis of future diseases that can affect this neotropical canid.
Changes in mesenteric fat thickness and its clinical impact in bariatric surgery
Authors: Chiyanika Chileka , Cheung Lorena Tsui Fun , Liu Kin Hung , Kong Alice Pik Shan , Wong Simon Kin Hung , Ng Enders Kwok Wai , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing 
Published: November 2023

SummaryObesity, especially central obesity is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to investigate the associations of the changes of abdominal fat thicknesses with changes of anthropometric indexes and improvements of metabolic phenotypes in patients with obesity and T2DM before and after bariatric surgery. Between April 2016 and January 2017, 34 adult patients with concurrent obesity and T2DM scheduled for different bariatric surgeries were prospectively evaluated by ultrasound before and 1‐year after bariatric surgery to determine abdominal fat thicknesses (mesenteric fat, preperitoneal fat and subcutaneous fat) and NAFLD. At 1 year, of the 25 patients that finished the study, significant decrease in mesenteric‐fat‐thickness was associated with significant reduction of obesity, that is, BMI (−24%, p < .001), remission of metabolic syndrome (32%, p = .008), NAFLD (60%, p < .001) and T2DM (44%, p < .001). Lower baseline mesenteric fat thickness was associated with remission of metabolic syndrome. Lower baseline mesenteric‐fat‐thickness may have the potential to predict metabolic syndrome remission after bariatric surgery.
Therapie des nekrobiotischen Xanthogranuloms – Fallserie und aktuelle Literatur
Authors: Hansen Inga , Ghandili Susanne , Abeck Finn , Booken Nina , Schneider Stefan W. 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDas nekrobiotische Xanthogranulom ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die zu den Nicht‐Langerhans‐Zell‐Histiozytosen gehört. Charakteristisch sind gelbliche Hautveränderungen, die typischerweise periorbital lokalisiert sind. Extrakutane Manifestationen aller Organe sind möglich und können potenziell lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen verursachen. Die Erkrankung gehört zu den fakultativen Paraneoplasien und zeigt eine hohe Assoziation zu Paraproteinämien. Diese Aspekte sollten in der Umfelddiagnostik berücksichtigt werden. Da die Erkrankung sehr selten ist, gibt es bislang keine standardisierten Richtlinien zur Therapie. Als erfolgreiche Therapieregime haben sich insbesondere die Kombination aus Prednisolon und Chlorambucil sowie die intravenösen Immunglobuline herausgestellt. Wir präsentieren vier Fälle aus unserer Klinik sowie die aktuellen Ergebnisse der Literatur in diesem Mini‐Review und möchten damit die therapeutische Herausforderung sowie die Relevanz der Erarbeitung von Richtlinien unterstreichen.
Classroom learning environments and dropout prevention in Hungary
Authors: Tókos Katalin , Kárász Judit Takácsné , Rapos Nóra , Lénárd Sándor , Szivák Judit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarly school leaving is an outcome of complex and long‐term processes comprising personal, institutional, and systemic factors. Studies on individuals in Hungary have identified a connection between early school leaving and teaching practices at schools. The creation of supportive learning environments in turn can contribute to preventing early school leaving. This article reports on findings from a cross‐sectional study conducted in Hungary between 2018 and 2021 in the context of the project HRDOP–3.1.2‐16‐2016‐0000 Renewal of the public education methodology to reduce early school leaving. The primary focus of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the learning environment in participating schools. The study sought to identify risk factors as well as mitigating factors that are relevant to early school leaving. Sampling was based on availability; the sample contained the responses of 9892 students and 6034 teachers and heads from 473 educational institutions. Respondents were asked about their opinions about the characteristic features of the learning environment in the classroom and at school. This article presents our comparison of results from: (1) a research panel on teacher and student perceptions of the attributes of the classroom learning environment; (2) analysis on differences in teacher and student perceptions; and (3) analysis on possible differences between the results of the questionnaires administered to different groups of respondents in different years. Besides outlining characteristic features of how learning environments were perceived in Hungary, the article offers a conceptual framework and tool for understanding and contributing to the development of supportive learning environments.
Impact of movie and video game elements on tic manifestation in children
Authors: Raz Gal , Davidovitch Shiri , Halevi Mor , Zuckerman Maya , Ben‐Haim Yael , Koryto Yuval , Steinberg Tamar , Leitner Yael , Rotstein Michael S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeChildren in developed countries spend a significant portion of their waking hours engaging with audiovisual content and video games. The impact of media consumption on children's health and well‐being has been widely studied, including its effects on tic disorders. Previous studies have shown that tic frequency can both increase and decrease during activities like gaming and television watching, resulting in mixed findings.MethodsTo better understand the impact of audiovisual media on tics, we conducted a fine‐grained tic manifestation analysis. We focused on the effects of the impact of a movie scene with suspensful elements and a video game designed to heighten anticipation, thought to stimulate phasic and striatal dopamine release. We closely monitored tic frequency throuhghout these experiences based on moment‐to‐moment tic annotation. The study included 20 participants (19 males aged 7‐16) diagnosed with tic disorders (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale≥8), and we tested the replicability of our findings with an independent group of 36 children (15 females, aged 7‐15) with tic disorders.ResultsDuring film viewing, we observed significant synchronization in the temporal tic patterns of various individuals despite diversity in their tic profiles. Furthermore, employing a video game developed for our study, we found that tic frequency increases during anticipation of a pending reward. This finding was replicated in a second experiment with an independent cohort.ConclusionsOur results indicate that tic frequency is affected by media elements in the short‐term, and call for further investigation of the long‐term impacts of exposure to such tic triggers.
Efficacy and safety of TM5614 in combination with paclitaxel in the treatment of paclitaxel‐resistant cutaneous angiosarcoma: Phase II study protocol
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Yoshino Koji , Nakamura Motoki , Kato Hiroshi , Ito Takamichi , Maekawa Takeo , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Matsushita Shigeto , Amagai Ryo , Yamazaki Emi , Takahashi Manami , Tamabuchi Erika , Hashimoto Akira , Kambayashi Yumi , Yamazaki Naoya , Miyata Toshio , Asano Yoshihide 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is an endothelial cell‐derived, highly aggressive type of vascular tumour. Although chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel (PTX) is recognized as a first‐line therapy for CAS, second‐line therapy for CAS remains controversial, and there is no standard therapy for taxane‐resistant CAS. Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, and elevated levels of PAI‐1 in both tissue and serum are correlated with poor response to therapy in various cancers, including skin cancers. Since PAI‐1 protects endothelial cells from Fas ligand‐mediated apoptosis, PAI‐1 inhibition might induce apoptosis of endothelial cell‐derived tumours such as CAS. This is a single‐arm, open‐label, multi‐institutional, Phase 2 clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of PTX in combination with TM5614 (PAI‐1 inhibitor) in patients with PTX‐resistant CAS. PTX will be administered for 28 weeks, with oral administration of TM5614. The primary endpoint of this study will be the overall response rate (ORR) at 28 weeks after starting treatment (central image evaluation). The secondary endpoint will include the ORR at 28 weeks after starting treatment (investigator evaluation), ORR at 8 weeks and 16 weeks after initiation of treatment (central and investigator evaluation), progression‐free survival, overall survival, disease control rate and safety profiles. Assuming the null hypothesis of a response rate of 13.6% and an alternative hypothesis of 45%, a minimum of 15 patients are required to achieve a two‐sided, Type I error of 5% and power of 70% based on the exact binomial distribution. Data quality control will be conducted by a combination of centralized (remote) and on‐site monitoring. This study will contribute to the development of novel combination therapy for PTX‐resistant CAS patients, which remains an unmet clinical need.
The appendicularian Oikopleura dioica can enhance carbon export in a high CO2 ocean
Authors: Taucher Jan , Lechtenbörger Anna Katharina , Bouquet Jean‐Marie , Spisla Carsten , Boxhammer Tim , Minutolo Fabrizio , Bach Lennart Thomas , Lohbeck Kai T. , Sswat Michael , Dörner Isabel , Ismar‐Rebitz Stefanie M. H. , Thompson Eric M. , Riebesell Ulf 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGelatinous zooplankton are increasingly recognized to play a key role in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Appendicularians, a class of pelagic tunicates, are among the most abundant gelatinous plankton in the ocean, but it is an open question how their contribution to carbon export might change in the future. Here, we conducted an experiment with large volume in situ mesocosms (~55–60 m3 and 21 m depth) to investigate how ocean acidification (OA) extreme events affect food web structure and carbon export in a natural plankton community, particularly focusing on the keystone species Oikopleura dioica, a globally abundant appendicularian. We found a profound influence of O. dioica on vertical carbon fluxes, particularly during a short but intense bloom period in the high CO2 treatment, during which carbon export was 42%–64% higher than under ambient conditions. This elevated flux was mostly driven by an almost twofold increase in O. dioica biomass under high CO2. This rapid population increase was linked to enhanced fecundity (+20%) that likely resulted from physiological benefits of low pH conditions. The resulting competitive advantage of O. dioica resulted in enhanced grazing on phytoplankton and transfer of this consumed biomass into sinking particles. Using a simple carbon flux model for O. dioica, we estimate that high CO2 doubled the carbon flux of discarded mucous houses and fecal pellets, accounting for up to 39% of total carbon export from the ecosystem during the bloom. Considering the wide geographic distribution of O. dioica, our findings suggest that appendicularians may become an increasingly important vector of carbon export with ongoing OA.
Influence of pulse energy, tip design and insertion depth during Er:YAG‐activated irrigation on cleaning efficacy in simulated severely curved complex root canal systems in vitro
Authors: Bürklein Sebastian , Abdi Izzeddin , Schäfer Edgar , Appel Carsten , Donnermeyer David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of pulse energy, tip geometry and tip position in simulated 3D‐printed root canals with multiple side canals at different levels in all directions on the cleaning performance of laser‐activated irrigation (LAI) compared to sonic activation (EDDY) and conventional needle irrigation (NI).Methodology3D‐printed root canal models (25/.06, length 20 mm, curvature 60°, radius 5 mm) with side canals (diameter 0.2 mm) at 2, 5 and 8 mm from the apex were filled with coloured biofilm‐mimicking hydrogel. LAI (Morita AdvErL Evo, Kyoto, Japan) was performed with six settings (n = 20; pulse‐energy, pulses per second [PPS], tip position): LAI1 (50 mJ, 25 PPS, P400FL, canal entrance [CE]), LAI2 (same as LAI1, but insertion depth 9 mm before the apical endpoint [AE] [corresponding to 1 mm above the first lateral canals]), LAI3 (80 mJ, 25 PPS, P400FL, 9 mm before AE), LAI4 (same as LAI 3, but at CE) for 3 × 20 s each, LAI5 (50 mJ, 25 PPS, P400FL 2 × 20 s, CE & R200T (30 mJ, 25 PPS, 1 × 20 s, 9 mm before AE), LAI6 (30 mJ, 25 PPS, R200T, 9 mm before AE, 3 × 20 s). A continuous irrigation (3 mL/20 s) using distilled water accompanied the irrigation cycles. NI and EDDY (3 × 20 s each; 3 mL/20 s irrigation, insertion AE minus 1 mm, amplitude 4 mm) served as control groups. Biofilm‐mimicking hydrogel removal (ImageJ, NIH) was assessed for the entire system, the central canal and the lateral canals using standardized photographs with a microscope (Expert DN, Müller‐Optronic) and statistically analysed was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (p = .05). Irrigant extrusion beyond the foramina was also recorded.ResultsLAI2 (99.08%; interquartile range [IQR]: 96.85–100.00) and LAI3 (97.50%; 96.24–100.00) achieved the significantly best and LAI6 (80.08%; 73.41–84.69) the significantly worst removal of hydrogel from the entire root canal system amongst all LAI configurations (p < .05). There were no significant differences between LAI6, EDDY (72.89%; 67.49–76.22) and manual irrigation (54.39%; 51.01–56.94) (p > .05). R200T laser tip caused significantly more often irrigant extrusion than all other techniques (p < .05).ConclusionTip design, energy settings, and the positioning of the laser tip below the canal entrance caused an improvement in cleaning performance of the LAI. However, the small R200T tip created significantly more procedural errors (irrigant extrusion) due to higher concentrated energy.