bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Shortening time to pregnancy in infertile women by personalizing treatment of microbial imbalance through Emma & Alice: A multicenter prospective study”
Authors: Iwami Nanako , Komiya Shinnosuke , Asada Yoshimasa , Tatsumi Kenichi , Habara Toshihiro , Kuramoto Takeshi , Seki Moritoshi , Yoshida Hiroaki , Takeuchi Kazuhiro , Shiotani Masahide , Mukaida Tetsunori , Odawara Yasushi , Mio Yasuyuki , Kamiya Hirobumi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of Endometrial Microbiome Metagenomic Analysis and Analysis of Infectious Chronic Endometritis (EMMA & ALICE) on pregnancy outcomes following recommended treatments in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).MethodsThis prospective, multicenter cohort study included 527 women under 42 years old with RIF or RPL across 14 IVF centers in Japan. Endometrial samples were analyzed using EMMA & ALICE, and patients received antibiotics, probiotics, or no treatment based on test results. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariate generalized linear models.ResultsAmongst participants, 43.4% had a normal Lactobacillus‐dominated microbiota, 20.9% had dysbiosis, and 35.7% had mild dysbiosis or ultralow biomass. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rates in the dysbiosis group treated with antibiotics and probiotics compared to other groups (p = 0.031). Post‐treatment, ongoing pregnancy rates in the dysbiosis and mild dysbiosis groups were comparable to the normal group.ConclusionsEMMA & ALICE‐guided antimicrobial and probiotic treatments improved pregnancy outcomes, enabling the dysbiosis group to achieve pregnancy earlier than the normal group. Addressing uterine dysbiosis may reduce the time to pregnancy in patients with RIF and RPL.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN), UMIN000036917.
School Science: An Approach to Rethinking What Students Learn and How They Might be Better Engaged
Authors: Cirkony Connie , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Gunstone Richard 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFor decades, two critical challenges have plagued school science in the years it is compulsory for students in many educational contexts across the globe: how best to identify what science is meaningful for all students to learn during their formal school science education, and how to keep these students engaged in the learning of this science. Diverse science curriculum movements over these decades and throughout the English‐speaking world have provided different conceptualizations about the science content and process students should learn, and suggested many pedagogical practices to engage students in that learning. However, the two intertwined challenges of specific concern for this article clearly remain: what science to include and how to foster student engagement with that science. In this paper, we first seek to provide insights relevant to these two challenges via reviews of extant research in three quite broad and important areas of scholarship: (a) the concepts of imagination and creativity, considered particularly through current cultural‐historical approaches to early years science learning; (b) the long‐standing support around the globe for a range of inquiry‐based approaches; and (c) the German constructs of Didaktik and Bildung as existing paths from a non‐Anglo context that assist the determination of choices of science for curriculum inclusion or rejection. We then consider how these three discussions can lead to considerations of school science curriculum that better address the two challenges. Though simple solutions for these complex and multifaceted challenges are unlikely and beyond the aim of this paper, interrelated aspects of our three discussions point to curriculum‐focussed initiatives focussing on “big ideas” as a way to determine content. We conclude by briefly illustrating these considerations via the example of school science curriculum structured via the big ideas of science: that is, those that are argued to be fundamental to the learner over the course of their compulsory science education.
Enhanced Activity and Stability for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia over Low‐Coordinated Cobalt
Authors: Sun Wanping , Xu Ying , Yang Li , Wen Weidong , Zhang Huabin , Yu Xin‐Yao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIt is still challenging to develop an effective strategy to simultaneously enhance the activity and stability of electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR). Herein, taking metallic cobalt as an example, it is demonstrated that the construction of low‐coordinated cobalt nanosheets (L‐Co NSs) by H2 plasma etching of electrodeposited cobalt nanosheets (Co NSs) can greatly enhance the activity and stability of metallic cobalt for eNO3RR. Compared with Co NSs, at −0.4 V versus RHE, the nitrate removal rate, ammonia partial current density, and ammonia yield are increased by L‐Co NSs from 82.14% to 98.57%, from 476 to 683 mA cm−2, and from 2.11 to 2.54 mmol h−1 cm−2, respectively. In addition, L‐Co NSs demonstrate negligible activity decay after 30 cycles of stability test, while the Co NSs show significant activity decline. In situ electrochemical characterizations and theoretical calculations verify that the abundance of Co vacancies in L‐Co NSs not only contribute to the optimized electronic structure and enhanced desorption of key intermediate to boost the activity but also facilitate the transformation of Co(OH)2 to Co0 to promote the stability. Furthermore, L‐Co NSs exhibit favorable performance in removing nitrate from simulated wastewater and air plasma discharge‐electrocatalytic reduction cascade system to produce ammonia.
STEM Faculty Professional Development: Measuring the Impact on College Student Grades and Identifying Critical Program Components
Authors: McCarthy Hintz Mary F. , Tashiro Lynn M. , Kusnick Judi , Solanki Sabrina , Cyrenne De‐Laine M. , Xu Di 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHigher education institutions commonly provide faculty professional development (PD) in teaching and learning, with the goal of enhancing student outcomes by improving instructional quality. Yet few existing studies link PD participation with student outcome measures. Empirical evidence on the impact of PD on student performance in higher education, particularly in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education is limited. Using institutional data from a large state university in California, we address this gap by estimating the impact of two online PD programs on student performance: an asynchronous program about developing online courses, open to faculty from all disciplines; and a synchronous program designed exclusively for STEM faculty, concentrating on STEM‐specific challenges and active learning strategies in online instruction. Using a difference‐in‐difference approach, our results indicate that both PD programs improved student grades, while only the STEM‐specific PD improved DFW rates and addressed equity gaps. To explain the difference in results between the two PD programs, we invoke a theoretical model positing that to improve student outcomes, faculty PD must teach strategies known to improve student performance, it must teach that content in ways known to improve faculty learning, and it must support faculty as they implement new strategies.
Concomitant Use of Etrasimod With Opioids or Antidepressants in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis—A Safety Analysis
Authors: Afzali Anita , Regueiro Miguel , Yarur Andres J. , Zabana Yamile , Ng Siew C. , Menon Sujatha , McDonnell Aoibhinn , Lazin Krisztina , Keating Michael , Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Branquinho Diogo , Bananis Eustratios , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEtrasimod is an oral, once‐daily (q.d.), selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P)1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Unlike the S1P receptor modulator ozanimod, etrasimod does not have a molecular structure to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). Coadministration of drugs that inhibit MAO with opioids and antidepressants may increase the risk of adverse events (AEs).AimsThis post hoc analysis evaluated the incidence of AEs potentially related to serotonin syndrome in patients taking etrasimod and concomitant opioids or antidepressants in the Phase 3 ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12 trials.MethodsSafety data pooled from both trials were analysed in subgroups of patients receiving etrasimod 2 mg q.d. (up to 52 weeks of exposure) with/without concomitant opioids or antidepressants. We report the proportions of patients who had ≥ 1 concurrent AE potentially associated with serotonin syndrome, including hypertension‐related events.ResultsAmong 527 patients receiving etrasimod, 77 (14.6%) and 35 (6.6%) were taking concomitant opioids or antidepressants, respectively. The incidence of AEs potentially related to serotonin syndrome, including hypertension‐related AEs, was low (≤ 8.6%) and generally comparable in all subgroups. No reported AEs were serious or led to treatment discontinuation among patients taking these concomitant medications.ConclusionsThe incidence of AEs was low and comparable in patients receiving etrasimod with or without concomitant opioids or antidepressants. This analysis further supports the low likelihood of clinically relevant drug–drug interactions between etrasimod and medications commonly prescribed to patients with UC, such as opioids or antidepressants.(ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03945188; NCT03996369).
Treatment of focal junctional tachycardia using ivabradine in a dog
Authors: Escalda Joao , Partington Catheryn , Matos Jose Novo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA 10‐year‐old labrador retriever was referred as an emergency due to ascites and lethargy. Physical examination revealed a regular tachycardia at 160 beats per minute with a Grade 3/6, left apical systolic heart murmur. The dog was diagnosed with severe myxomatous mitral valve disease with biventricular congestive heart failure (mild pulmonary oedema and severe ascites) and focal junctional tachycardia. Congestive heart failure was managed with pimobendan, furosemide and benazepril/spironolactone. Ivabradine, a funny channel blocker, was used for rate control of the focal junctional tachycardia, and the dog achieved adequate rate control with monotherapy. The dog was euthanased 10 months after the initial presentation due to refractory congestive heart failure. This case report suggests that ivabradine might be useful for rate control in focal junctional tachycardia, but further studies are required to confirm this observation.
The Healthcare Subsidy Assessment Survey: A Novel and Validated Poverty Assessment Tool to Inform Medical Cost Subsidization in Rural Uganda
Authors: Campbell Peter M. , Yu Allen T. , Kalumuna Anna T. , Nanyiri Job , Mukisa Daniel , Azirembuzi Jotham , Binoga Moses B. , Giibwa Angellica , Melendez Chelsia , Merchant Rutvij R. , Damoi Joseph Okello , Zhang Linda P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundApproximately 30% of the global burden of disease is surgical, but two‐thirds of the world's population cannot access safe, affordable, and timely surgical care. An ambulatory surgical center (ASC) in Uganda offers subsidized and free care to some patients, but identifying patients in greatest need is challenging. We aimed to develop an unbiased tool appropriate for medical settings to determine subsidy eligibility to prevent catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) for ASC's patients.MethodsUtilizing a modified simple poverty scorecard (SPS), expert opinions, and literature review, the center developed a new poverty assessment tool (PAT), the healthcare subsidy assessment (HSA). The HSA was implemented alongside the SPS at ASC. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to refine the HSA and establish a correlation between the original HSA and SPS to predict CHE likelihood.ResultsA 21‐question HSA was developed, and 175 patients completed both the HSA and SPS. The questionnaires had a correlation of R2 = 0.294, p < 0.001. PCA identified six distinct components, and the HSA was refined to an 11‐question survey (rHSA). After rescaling to 100 for comparison to the SPS and the original HSA, rHSA scores were significantly different between both (p < 0.001) but had an improved correlation with the SPS (R2 = 0.457, p < 0.001) and a strong correlation with the original HSA (R2 = 0.621, p < 0.001).ConclusionWe successfully developed and validated the rHSA, a novel PAT tailored for a healthcare setting to better identify and support patients at risk.
Toward a Consensual Definition for Smart Tourism and Smart Tourism Tools
Authors: Galvão António , Abreu Fernando Brito e , Melo João Joanaz de 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Smart Tourism (ST) stems from the concepts of e-tourism, which is focused on the digitalization of processes within the tourism industry, and digital tourism, which also considers the digitalization of the tourist experience. The earlier ST references found regard ST destinations and emerge from the development of Smart Cities.
Our initial literature review on the ST concept and Smart Tourism Tools (STT) revealed significant research uncertainties: ST is poorly defined and frequently linked to the concept of Smart Cities; different authors have different, sometimes contradictory, views on the goals of ST; STT claims are often only based on technological aspects, and their “smartness” is difficult to evaluate; often the term “Smart” describes developments fueled by cutting-edge technologies, which lose that status after a few years.
This chapter is part of the ongoing initiative to build an online observatory that provides a comprehensive view of STTs’ offerings in Europe, known as the European STT Observatory. To achieve this, the observatory requires methodologies and tools to evaluate “smartness” based on a sound definition of ST and STT while also being able to adapt to technological advancements. In this chapter, we present the results of a participatory approach where we invited ST experts from around the world to help us achieve this level of soundness. Our goal is to make a valuable contribution to the discussion on the definition of ST and STT.
Another Generalization of Connexive Logic C
Authors: Omori Hitoshi , Wansing Heinrich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present article aims at generalizing the approach to connexive logic thatwas initiated in [27], by following thework by Paul Egré and Guy Politzer. To this end, a variant of the connexive modal logic CK is introduced and some basic results including soundness and completeness results are established. A tableau calculus is also presented in an appendix.
Introduction
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Is there a moral line to be drawn at the human germline? For a long time, the dominant view on gene technology was that there is a moral line drawn at the human germline such that somatic gene editing as part of therapy is morally permissible, but heritable gene editing of early embryos or germline cells is not. The germline has been interchangeably referred to as a “boundary,” a “barrier,” and a “red line.” This previously dominant position has slowly weakened over the past decade. Has the germline as a moral boundary lost its relevance? The aim of the book The Risks and Ethics of Human Gene Editing is to provide a philosophical guide to these arguments, both old and new. This first chapter introduces the book and its main research questions: Is there, after all, something particularly morally problematic about editing the human germline? Is there something unique about such germline editing, and, if so, does this suggest that we ought not to edit the human germline, or only in particular circumstances or for particular purposes? What would be a wise and responsible approach to editing the human germline from a moral perspective?
Human Germline as a Moral Boundary: Categorical, Conditional, or Precautionary?
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter explores the matter of a sufficiently cautious boundary and where that could be drawn based on the three distinctions from the second chapter and the various ethical considerations discussed throughout the book. It is argued that a sufficiently precautionary approach would need to take all three dimensions of risk into account: risk of harm, epistemic risk, and risk of making irreparable moral mistakes. Until these risks have been sufficiently addressed, human germline editing should be treated with great caution. In conclusion, the germline could thus, for now, be regarded as a kind of locum tenens moral principle.
A New Pair of Scissors and Moral Alarm Bells
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter gives a short background to the ethical debates surrounding the gene editing tool CRISPR. It discusses the early worries and alarm bells when the first studies came out that demonstrated that heritable germline editing on humans was realistically possible as well as the subsequent calls for ethics. Three key distinctions that has done a lot of moral boundary work in this debate are presented: between somatic and germline interventions; between research and clinical application; and between therapy and enhancement.
Three Moral Perspectives on the Permissibility of Germline Editing
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter identifies and explores three distinct moral outlooks found in the gene editing debate with different implications on what the relevant moral questions and answers are with regard to germline gene editing. The Technical View equates ethical questions with questions about the direct risks of the intervention itself, that is if it is sufficiently safe and precise. The Democratic View stress that ethical questions are not only technical questions, but also pertain to values and must find solutions that all affected parties can agree upon. Finally, the Moral View treats the ethical questions from a moral philosophy perspective. It takes safety and democratic legitimacy seriously but asks further questions: Does the technology promote what is genuinely good, or is there an aspect of it that violates fundamental moral norms or principles?
Moral Theory and Moral Reasons
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, three types of basic philosophical approaches to moral analyses are outlined to provide context and analytical tools for the subsequent analysis of and discussion about the arguments for or against human germline editing. According to the first approach, moral rightness is determined by the value of the consequences (value maximization). In the second approach, it is not only the consequences that determine the moral rightness of an action, but moral boundaries, principles, and norms that regulate what is permissible or not (moral permissibility). The third approach is about the pursuit of ideals, which deals with arguments about the desirability of various futures and to what extent our actions prevent or enable such futures. The chapter argues that even though these approaches are typically associated with specific moral theories they can be understood as distinct modes of reasoning in their own right. The chapter argues that when it comes to addressing the ethics of new and potentially disruptive technologies it becomes more important to include also the kinds of moral considerations raised by third kind of approach.
Consequence Arguments for and Against Germline Editing
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores various consequence-based arguments on the ethics of germline gene editing. First, the chapter distinguishes between descriptive and normative consequence arguments. Second, it takes a deep dive into arguments related to risks and safety, on the one hand, and into arguments related to prospective benefits, on the other. Both arguments for and against germline gene editing appeal to different kinds of consequence-arguments. The chapter highlight various questions raised by a focus on the potential consequences. This includes the question of who the beneficiary of germline gene editing is, whether germline gene editing can be considered to be a therapeutic, and how germline gene editing compares to embryo selection. The chapter distinguishes between descriptive and normative consequence arguments and between weak and strong normative consequence arguments. A key take away is how different techno-optimists and techno-pessimists assess the expected outcomes of germline gene editing.
Enhancement Arguments
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter takes a closer look at arguments for and against germline gene editing for human enhancement, including radical human enhancement. On the one hand, there are hopes of taking control of evolution, dreams of perfecting humankind and reaching a posthuman Utopia, and visions of saving humanity from natural disasters, while on the other hand, there are fears about jeopardizing the existence of humanity itself. Even though these arguments are indeed speculative, it is stressed in the chapter that they raise some difficult questions about the kind of future we value, who we might want to be in that future, and who would and would not truly benefit from such interventions.
Lingering Concerns
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine , Nordlund Christer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Is there something particularly morally problematic about human germline gene editing, to the extent that it would warrant another moral approach than weighing the pros against the cons, or asking whether it violates any moral principles or norms? In this chapter the ethical arguments discussed in the previous chapters is revisited via the perspective of risk. The relevant risks are divided into three different kinds—technical, social, and moral and metaphysical risks—and it is also discussed what the “most severe kind of risks” would be. Are there things that we could not live with having permanently lost? If so, are any such losses that we could bring about through some practices of germline gene editing? What would that be and is it a realistic risk?
Assessing Feasibility with IAMs
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores how Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) can contribute to feasibility assessments of climate goals, building on the conceptual groundwork established in earlier chapters. It argues that feasibility judgments require considering all relevant constraints simultaneously and accounting for complex, dynamic pathways of change – strengths inherent to IAMs. Solvable scenarios within IAMs can serve as evidence for the feasibility of specific climate goals, but such evidential claims depend on context-sensitive background assumptions. The chapter critically examines current methods of evaluating these assumptions, arguing that existing practices of model evaluation in IAMs fall short. Empirical testing approaches, including “appeals to the past,” fail to provide robust support due to high uncertainty and misaligned epistemic aims. The chapter critiques one recent empirical framework for assessing feasibility with IAMs (Brutschin et al., 2021) in more detail, arguing that it does not adequately address these issues. The chapter argues that feasibility assessment must pay closer attention to value judgments. Bringing in the perspective of values in science will provide a more solid and transparent ground for assessing feasibility with IAMs.