bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Marie I. , Hachulla E. , Chérin P. , Dominique S. , Hatron P.‐Y. , Hellot M.‐F. , Devulder B. , Herson S. , Levesque H. , Courtois H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo assess prevalence, characteristics, and long‐term outcome of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). To determine predictive variables of ILD course in PM/DM, and to define both clinical and biochemical features associated with ILD onset in PM/DM.MethodsThe medical records of 156 consecutive PM/DM patients in 3 medical centers were reviewed.ResultsThirty‐six PM/DM patients (23.1%) developed ILD. We observed that 19.4% of patients with ILD had resolution of pulmonary disorders, whereas 25% experienced ILD deterioration. Morbidity and mortality rates were as high as 13.9% and 36.4%, respectively, in PM/DM patients with ILD. Parameters of PM/DM that related to ILD poor outcome were identified as follows: Hamman‐Rich–like pattern, initial diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide <45%, neutrophil alveolitis, and histologic usual interstitial pneumonia. Additionally, for the group with ILD, polyarthritis, higher values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein, presence of anti–Jo‐1 antibody, and characteristic microangiopathy were significantly more frequent.ConclusionOur series underlines the high frequency of ILD in PM/DM patients, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates. It also indicates that PM/DM patients should routinely be screened for ILD, even those patients without anti–Jo‐1 antibody, because 69% of our ILD patients were seronegative for the anti–Jo‐1 antibody. Our findings further suggest that PM/DM patients presenting with factors predictive of ILD poor outcome may require more aggressive therapy.
Arthritis beliefs and self‐care in an urban American Indian population
Authors: Kramer B. Josea , Harker Judith O. , Wong Andrew L. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo describe beliefs and self‐care strategies of American Indians with chronic arthritis joint pain.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of urban‐dwelling American Indians (n = 56) concerning self‐care and beliefs about arthritis; objective measures of arthritis disease activity were obtained through standardized interview protocols.ResultsJoint pain was not generally assumed to be arthritis nor directly related to aging. Belief that chronic pain affecting multiple joints was a serious and unexpected condition oriented American Indians' decisions to seek medical attention. However, verbal communications about pain may be subtle or under emphasized. Few coping strategies were used to control either chronic or episodic pain.ConclusionsChronic arthritis pain may not be optimally managed in this population. Cultural assessment should recognize that American Indian patients may understate serious symptoms. Community educational interventions should target this population to enhance self‐care, pain management, and communication of arthritis symptoms to physicians.
Use of NSAIDs, COX‐2 inhibitors, and acetaminophen and associated coprescriptions of gastroprotective agents in an elderly population
Authors: Rahme Elham , Marentette Michael A. , Kong Sheldon X. , Lelorier Jacques 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo identify determinants of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) inhibitor versus nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen prescription in seniors; and to compare gastroprotective agent coprescriptions.MethodsAdministrative medical records were obtained from the government of Quebec health insurance agency. Three cohorts were formed based on prescriptions at study entry: COX‐2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, or acetaminophen. Logistic regressions were used to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsWe identified 42,267 patients taking COX‐2 inhibitors, 8,235 taking NSAIDs, and 19,716 taking acetaminophen. Determinants of utilizing COX‐2 inhibitors versus NSAIDs and versus acetaminophen, respectively, include: female gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.39–1.55 and OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.12–1.22); musculoskeletal diseases (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.76–2.00 and OR 2.20; 95% CI 2.10–2.31); and prior gastrointestinal hospitalization (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.19–2.78 and OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.64–0.92). Gastroprotective agent coprescriptions were lower with COX‐2 inhibitors than NSAIDs: OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.48–0.58.ConclusionsCOX‐2 inhibitors were more commonly used than NSAIDs in patients with musculoskeletal diseases and those with prior gastrointestinal hospitalizations. Adjusted odds ratios showed a 47% decrease in gastroprotective agent coprescriptions with COX‐2 inhibitors compared with NSAIDs.
Benign angiopathy of the central nervous system: Cohort of 16 patients with clinical course and long‐term followup
Authors: Hajj‐Ali Rula A. , Furlan Anthony , Abou‐Chebel Alex , Calabrese Leonard H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveBenign angiopathy of the central nervous system (BACNS) is a subset of primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) with favorable outcome, not requiring prolonged immunosuppression. We retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics and prospectively assessed long‐term outcome in a cohort of BACNS patients.MethodsPatients meeting the clinical description for BACNS, evaluated and treated by a single investigator, were included. Data on demographics, signs and symptoms, laboratory studies, neuroimaging, brain biopsy, treatment, and complications were recorded. The long‐term assessment included a phone interview utilizing the Barthel index and a specifically designed cognitive index.ResultsSixteen cases met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 40 years (range 10–66 years) with female:male ratio of 4.3:1 and a mean followup period of 35 months (0–128 months). Headache was the most common presenting symptom, seen in 88% of the cases, followed by focal symptoms (63%), and diffuse symptoms (44%). All patients had highly abnormal cerebral angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were present in 77% (10 of 13). Severe cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities were present in 1 patient (7%). All followup cerebral angiography showed marked improvement. Recovery was demonstrated in 94% of the patients, 6% relapsed, and there were no deaths. Of patients assessed by the Barthel index, 71% showed no disability and 29% had mild disability.ConclusionThere is a PACNS subset characterized by acute presentation (most commonly headache), normal to mildly abnormal CSF findings, female predominance, and highly abnormal cerebral angiography (reversible after treatment), requiring less intensive treatment than has been traditionally used.
Evaluation of the smallest detectable difference in outcome or process variables in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Auleley Guy‐Robert , Benbouazza Karima , Spoorenberg Anneke , Collantes Eduardo , Hajjaj‐Hassouni Najia , van der Heijde Desirée , Dougados Maxime 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the smallest detectable difference (SDD) of symptomatic outcome or process variables in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients from various countries.MethodsThirty consecutive AS patients with axial involvement were recruited from 1 center in each of 4 countries (Spain, Morocco, France, The Netherlands), for a total of 120 patients. Fourteen variables were studied in 6 domains: pain (3 variables), stiffness (1 variable), function (2 variables), spinal mobility (3 variables), patient global assessment (4 variables), and the domain of enthesiopathy (1 variable). All patients were evaluated twice within a 1‐week period during which no clinical or therapeutic change occurred. Intracenter reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The SDD was determined using the Bland‐Altman method.ResultsOf the 14 variables evaluated in the 120 patients (82% males, 42 ± 12 years old, with a mean disease duration of 17 ± 13 years), only the SDD for the variable occiput‐to‐wall distance showed statistically significant difference among centers. For the entire group, the SDD, expressed as percentage of the range of the variable, varied from 10% (Mander enthesis index) to 39% (spinal pain at night last week). The intraobserver reliability was good (ICC > 0.80) except for the variables morning stiffness and modified Schober test (ICCs of 0.76 and 0.60, respectively).ConclusionThis study suggests that the evaluation of AS patients is homogenous and reliable in different centers of different European and North African countries. Evaluation of the SDD of the symptomatic outcome or process variables is a starting point to determine the minimum clinically important difference, permitting the presentation of results of clinical studies on an individual basis.
Minor impact of juvenile arthritis on nutritional status in young adult patients
Authors: Haugen Margaretha A. , Lien Gunhild , Flatø Berit , Kvammen Janne A. , Vinje Odd , Sørskaar Dag , Førre; Øystein 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectiveGrowth abnormalities and poor nutritional status have been reported in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of juvenile chronic rheumatic disease on current nutritional status in adult patients in remission or with active disease.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐eight women and 82 men, aged >20 years, with JIA were studied after a mean disease duration of 15.5 ± 2.3 years. Eighty‐four (61%) of the women and 49 (60%) of the men were in remission. Forty‐one healthy women and 54 healthy men served as a reference group. Body composition was analyzed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsThere was no difference in height or body mass index (BMI) between patients and healthy subjects. However, female patients with systemic disease had significantly reduced BMI compared with those with pauciarticular JIA (P < 0.001), and female patients who used or had been using corticosteroids had significantly lower weight, height, and BMI compared with the patients who had never used corticosteroids (P < 0.05). Female patients in remission had significantly more lean body mass compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05) and significantly less body fat was found in both women and men (P < 0.01 for both). Patients with active disease had the same amount of lean body mass as the healthy controls, but significantly less body fat (P < 0.05 for women and P < 0.01 for men).ConclusionAdult patients with JIA had attained normal height, weight, and BMI, with the exception of women with systemic JIA and those who were using or had used corticosteroids. Patients with JIA in remission seemed to have a better nutritional status than healthy subjects.
Attentional functioning in fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal pain patients
Authors: Dick Bruce , Eccleston Chris , Crombez Geert 
Published: January 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether chronic pain patients have deficits in attentional functioning compared with pain‐free controls, and whether fibromyalgia patients have larger deficits in attentional functioning compared with rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal pain patients.MethodsSixty patients (20 in each of 3 patient groups) and 20 pain‐free controls completed measures assessing pain intensity, mood, pain‐related disability, somatic awareness, and catastrophic thinking about pain. Attentional functioning was assessed using an age‐standardized, ecologically valid test battery. Analyses were made of between‐group differences.ResultsSixty percent of patients had at least one score in the clinical range of neuropsychological impairment, independent of demography and mood. Fibromyalgia patients were more anxious and somatically aware than rheumatoid arthritis or musculoskeletal pain patients, but did not show larger attentional deficits than other patient groups.ConclusionAll 3 groups of chronic pain patients, regardless of diagnosis, had impaired cognitive functioning on an ecologically sensitive neuropsychological test of everyday attention.
The legislation of environmental disclosures in three Nordic countries—a comparison
Authors: Nyquist Siv 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis paper compares the legislation in Denmark, Norway and Sweden concerning what kind of environmental information firms must disclose. These three Nordic countries have great similarities regarding accounting legislation and standards. However, Denmark has chosen a different way to force firms to disclose their environmental performance compared with Norway and Sweden. Danish firms must deliver separate ‘green accounts’, while Norwegian and Swedish firms are bound to report on environmental issues in the administrative report. The Norwegian and Swedish firms' information mainly addresses the financial consequences of environmental impact and the Norwegian legislation is also found to be more extensive than the Swedish legislation. The information from the Danish firms addresses society in general. The comparison indicates some interesting topics for further analysis, e.g. how the extensive demands in Norway for information about products' impacts when discharged may be fulfilled. As a background for this comparison, an outline of the discussions about voluntary versus regulated environmental information is given as well as an overview of some international standards and recommendations concerning firms' environmental disclosures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
An ‘incitement to discourse’: benchmarking as a springboard to sustainable development
Authors: Springett Delyse 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBenchmarking, while belonging to the array of instruments associated with eco‐efficiency, eco‐modernism and ‘political sustainability’, provides a way in which corporations can be held to account in terms of their environmental and social responsibility. New Zealand lacked such benchmarks until the annualSurvey of Corporate Environmental Responsivenesswas introduced for top companies by turnover in 1999, exposing the myth of ‘clean and green’ New Zealand as far as environmental management of business was concerned, but providing a measure that has become a driver for many companies. The paper discusses outcomes of the benchmarking survey and describes how it has been employed as a Foucauldian ‘incitement to discourse’ with a focus group of participating companies, engaging them in a more dialectical discourse of sustainable development based in Critical Theory and perspectives from Foucault. Maori speak of their ‘turangawaewae’–having a ‘place to stand’. The survey provided the broader research programme with that place to stand in terms of creating a meaningful position for the researchers, and a degree of legitimacy, within the business context. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
Consumers and green electricity: profiling potential purchasers
Authors: Rowlands Ian H. , Scott Daniel , Parker Paul 
Published: January 2003

AbstractGlobally, consumers are beginning to be able to choose their electricity supplier. Increasing concerns about the environment are prompting some of them to consider ‘green’ electricity—that is, electricity that has been generated by more environmentally sustainable means (for example, solar power or wind power). This article profiles the potential purchaser of green electricity. Drawing upon the literature on green product purchasers more generally, three sets of hypotheses are presented—more specifically, it is proposed that those who would pay increasingly higher premiums for green electricity are more likely to possess particular demographic characteristics, attitudinal characteristics and socialization characteristics. Responses from a survey distributed in a major Canadian metropolitan area are then examined. Attitudinal characteristics—specifically ecological concern, liberalism and altruism—best identify the potential purchasers of green electricity. Suggestions for managers and marketers are made following these findings. Directions for future research are also presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
UK environmental policy and the small firm: broadening the focus
Authors: Revell Andrea , Rutherfoord Robert 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe poor environmental performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the UK has been attributed to a wide range of barriers, both internal and external to the firm. However, the debate has seldom considered the interplay of factors beyond ‘the firm’. In order for the debate to progress we emphasize the importance of situating the environmental practices of small firms within a context of national policy arrangements. A lack of institutional enfranchisement for SMEs in the UK is a key factor in understanding why environmental policies have yet to be successful in encouraging more environmentally proactive behaviour within this sector. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
The ‘greening’ of tourism micro‐businesses: outcomes of focus group investigations in South East Cornwall
Authors: Vernon Jon , Essex Stephen , Pinder David , Curry Kaja 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe response of micro‐businesses to sustainability issues, and their use of environmental management tools and systems, are often presented as simply scaled‐down versions of those of larger businesses in the small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) sector as a whole. This paper presents the findings of a series of focus groups with the owners of tourism micro‐businesses in South East Cornwall about their awareness, understanding and adoption of sustainable tourism practices. The results reveal a complex and diverse response to the concept that resists such generalizations. A genuine need for measures to increase awareness and integrate sustainability issues within business practice is highlighted. Initiatives that do not account for the heterogeneity of the sector are likely to have only limited success. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
Social inequality and the reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system: evidence of enhanced system justification among the disadvantaged
Authors: Jost John T. , Pelham Brett W. , Sheldon Oliver , Ni Sullivan Bilian 
Published: January 2003

AbstractAccording to system justification theory, people are motivated to preserve the belief that existing social arrangements are fair, legitimate, justifiable, and necessary. The strongest form of this hypothesis, which draws on the logic of cognitive dissonance theory, holds that people who are most disadvantaged by the status quo would have the greatest psychological need to reduce ideological dissonance and would therefore be most likely to support, defend, and justify existing social systems, authorities, and outcomes. Variations on this hypothesis were tested in five US national survey studies. We found that (a) low‐income respondents and African Americans were more likely than others to support limitations on the rights of citizens and media representatives to criticize the government; (b) low‐income Latinos were more likely to trust in US government officials and to believe that ‘the government is run for the benefit of all’ than were high‐income Latinos; (c) low‐income respondents were more likely than high‐income respondents to believe that large differences in pay are necessary to foster motivation and effort; (d) Southerners in the USA were more likely to endorse meritocratic belief systems than were Northerners and poor and Southern African Americans were more likely to subscribe to meritocratic ideologies than were African Americans who were more affluent and from the North; (e) low‐income respondents and African Americans were more likely than others to believe that economic inequality is legitimate and necessary; and (f) stronger endorsement of meritocratic ideology was associated with greater satisfaction with one's own economic situation. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the dissonance‐based argument that people who suffer the most from a given state of affairs are paradoxically the least likely to question, challenge, reject, or change it. Implications for theories of system justification, cognitive dissonance, and social change are also discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human values, utilitarian benefits and identification: the case of meat
Authors: Allen Michael W. , Hung Ng Sik 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe present studies explored the associations among food's utilitarian benefits, the human values symbolised by meat, individuals' endorsement of those values, and individuals' meat identification, attitudes and consumption. A preliminary study revealed that participants perceived that meat, particularly red meat, symbolises the endorsement of inequality and hierarchy values more than other basic foods. Studies 1 and 2 found that the endorsement of inequality and hierarchy formed the basis to the meat attitudes and consumption of high meat identifiers. Study 2 found that the meat attitudes of high meat identifiers were also founded, though to a lesser extent, in the endorsement of Conservation and rejection of Openness values. Study 1 also showed that food's nutritional benefits did not form the basis of meat consumption among high meat identifiers. Moreover, Study 3 found that informing individuals (in the treatment group) of the nutritional deficiencies of meat did not alter the meat attitudes of high meat identifiers, meat identification per se, or the meat attitudes of individuals who have a predisposition to attend to the symbolic meanings of products. In contrast, the negative nutritional information did produce unfavourable meat attitudes among low meat identifiers and those who have a predisposition to attend to the utilitarian features of products. The formation of meat identification is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individualist and collectivist norms: when it's ok to go your own way
Authors: McAuliffe Brendan J. , Jetten Jolanda , Hornsey Matthew J. , Hogg Michael A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe conducted two studies to investigate the influence of group norms endorsing individualism and collectivism on the evaluations of group members who display individualist or collectivist behaviour. It was reasoned that, overall, collectivist behaviour benefits the group and would be evaluated more positively than would individualist behaviour. However, it was further predicted that this preference would be attenuated by the specific content of the group norm. Namely, when norms prescribed individualism, we expected that preferences for collectivist behaviour over individualist behaviour would be attenuated, as individualist behaviour would, paradoxically, represent normative behaviour. These predictions were supported across two studies in which we manipulated norms of individualism and collectivism in an organizational role‐play. Furthermore, in Study 2, we found evidence for the role of group identification in moderating the effects of norms. The results are discussed with reference to social identity theory and cross‐cultural work on individualism and collectivism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.