bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of ‘good conversations’: a strategy to negotiate succession within South Asian family firms
Authors: Janjuha‐Jivraj Shaheena , Woods Adrian 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
A large proportion of the Asian business community in Britain is experiencing generational succession for the first time. [Within the context of this paper Asian refers to businesses whose founders originate from the Indian sub‐continent.] This paper explores the impact of transition within this group by incorporating family dynamics and influencing cultural factors.
Successional transition within family businesses is acknowledged as a turbulent period. Most academic work on succession originates from Anglo‐Saxon research polarizing the family and business.
Typical approaches to succession are grounded in stage development models. This paper argues that succession is a process that cannot be guided by adopting such approaches due to the interaction of family and business.
This paper proposes ‘Good Conversations’ (Bird, 1990) as a means of preparing to negotiate succession. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit solvent models for flexible protein–protein docking by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Ting , Wade Rebecca C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe suitability of three implicit solvent models for flexible protein–protein docking by procedures using molecular dynamics simulation is investigated. The three models are (i) the generalized Born (GB) model implemented in the program AMBER6.0; (ii) a distance‐dependent dielectric (DDD) model; and (iii) a surface area‐dependent model that we have parameterized and call the NPSA model. This is a distance‐dependent dielectric model modified by neutralizing the ionizable side‐chains and adding a surface area‐dependent solvation term. These solvent models were first tested in molecular dynamics simulations at 300 K of the native structures of barnase, barstar, segment B1 of protein G, and three WW domains. These protein structures display a range of secondary structure contents and stabilities. Then, to investigate the performance of the implicit solvent models in protein docking, molecular dynamics simulations of barnase/barstar complexation, as well as PIN1 WW domain/peptide complexation, were conducted, starting from separated unbound structures. The simulations show that the NPSA model has significant advantages over the DDD and GB models in maintaining the native structures of the proteins and providing more accurate docked complexes. Proteins 2003;50:158–169. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural plasticity of thermophilic serine hydroxymethyltransferases
Authors: Paiardini Alessandro , Gianese Giulio , Bossa Francesco , Pascarella Stefano 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSerine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) catalyzes the reversible cleavage of serine to form glycine and monocarbonic groups, essential in several biosynthetic pathways. The availability of crystallographic structures of SHMT from mesophilic organisms and information produced by the genomic projects prompted the analysis of the adaptation of SHMT to “extreme” environments, such as high temperatures, by exploitation of structural data from thermophilic organisms. The sequences of 10 thermophilic/hyperthermophilic SHMTs were multiply aligned to 53 mesophilic homologs and analyzed by a comparative approach, examining the amino acid compositions and preferred residue exchanges between mesophiles and extremophiles. The structural basis of the observed exchanges was further investigated through the application of homology modeling to the 10 extremophilic SHMTs. The results of this study indicate that, in SHMT, thermal stability can be achieved mainly through three strategies: (i) increased number of charged residues at the protein surface; (ii) increased hydrophobicity of the protein core; and (iii) substitution of thermolabile residues exposed to the solvent. Additional features of the archaeal SHMTs, for which no structural data are available yet, were also investigated to explain their quaternary assemblage and the interaction with modified folates. Proteins 2003;50:122–134. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of partner's ability on the achievement and conceptual organization of high‐achieving fifth‐grade students
Authors: Carter Glenda , Jones M. Gail , Rua Melissa 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study investigated high‐achieving fifth‐grade students' achievement gains and conceptual reorganization during a unit on convection. Specifically, the achievement and cognitive gains that occurred as a result of interactions of high‐achieving students with a high‐achieving or low‐achieving laboratory partner were compared. The study design included an instructional sequence of three dyadic inquiry investigations related to convection currents as well as pre‐ and postassessments consisting of a multiple‐choice test, card sorting task, construction of a concept map, and an interview. Results showed no significant differences for achievement of high‐achieving students regardless of the partner's achievement level and only slight differences in conceptual reorganization. The implications of this study for heterogeneous grouping and construction of knowledge by dyads is discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 87:94–111, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/sce.10031
Earthquake damageability criteria for due diligence investigations
Authors: Thiel C. C. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEarthquake vulnerability is an important financial issue in evaluating the acceptability of a property as a security for a loan or for an equity position. Such analyses are usually performed as part of the due diligence assessment of the property. Probable loss (PL) and scenario loss (SL), for both design basis and maximum capable earthquakes, were assessed to determine their utility in damageability analyses. Evaluations were made for a range of building damageabilities and for 14 sites throughout the United States that are representative of seismic hazard from very high to low. Portfolios from one to 16 buildings are considered. The analysis indicates that none of the damageability criteria is sufficient to distinguish between good and bad buildings to be securities for loans or to be good risks for equity investment for general use throughout the United States. Scenario upper loss (SUL) and probable loss (PL) values are consistently very stringent criteria for individual buildings in moderate‐risk and high‐risk regions, while scenario expected loss (SEL) values are too lenient in moderate risk areas. PL and SUL criteria are much too stringent at the 20% threshold level to be used generally, except for a group of well‐designed buildings. They can be acceptable if threshold values for acceptance are set to be above 20%. The SEL criterion is evaluated as not adequate to discriminate between good and bad damageability buildings by itself. It can work well in combination with a stability criterion so that buildings with poor predicted earthquake performance are eliminated based on stability, not damageability. It is recommended that combined criteria be used for fiduciary evaluation that includes both an assessment of the stability of the buildings and a damageability assessment to achieve a balanced, consistent evaluation of the suitability of the buildings as securities or as investments. Four alternative acceptance criteria are recommended for due diligence assessments. It is recommended that all due diligence reports include evaluations of scenario and probable losses for each building and the group so that they can enter into the decision process for the property. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forensic studies of a large cover‐plate steel moment‐resisting connection
Authors: Whittaker Andrew , Gilani Amir , Takhirov Shakhzod , Ostertag Claudia 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA large‐size, single‐sided cover plate connection composed of a built‐up BW36×670 column and a W36×359 rolled beam section was tested in a custom‐made test fixture using the SAC Phase I loading protocol. A trapezoidal plate was used as top flange reinforcement and a rectangular plate was used as bottom flange reinforcement. The test specimen failed catastrophically at a story drift angle of 1.7% and a beam plastic rotation of 0.009 radian by fracture through the beam top flange and beam web. An ABAQUS nonlinear finite element model of the connection was prepared and analyzed. The ABAQUS data indicate that the likelihood of brittle or ductile fracture at the observed crack initiation site is very low. Fractographic and microstructure studies were conducted after testing. The fractographic analysis of the failure surface showed that the fracture initiated at the toe of a fillet weld that joined the top cover plate to the beam flange. The microstructure analysis around the crack initiation site revealed laminations in the base metal at the crack initiation site. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductive fibers based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)–polyaniline composites manufactured by electrochemical polymerization
Authors: Hirase Ryuji , Hasegawa Masaru , Shirai Masamitsu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA novel method of manufacturing composite conductive fibers was developed through electrochemical polymerization with an apparatus consisting of insulating fibers, cotton fabrics as electrolytic solution holders, an electrolytic solution, and planer electrodes. By this method, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers coated with polyaniline (PAN) were prepared readily and yielded PET–PAN composite conductive fibers (PPCFs). The content of PAN in PPCFs increased with an increase in both the aniline concentration in the electrolytic solution and the polymerization voltage, although it did not depend on the load applied to the electrodes. Observations of the PPCF surface by scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the formation processes of PPCFs could be divided into three steps: (1) fine (nanometer‐size) granular PAN was generated from the anode and adsorbed onto the PET fiber surface, (2) the size of the granular PAN increased up to about 90 nm in a short time, and (3) the granular PAN was linked together to form networks. The conductivity of PPCFs increased with an increasing content of PAN networks. The surface resistance of the PPCF fabric was about 3 × 105 Ω/□ at a PAN content of approximately 2 wt %. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1073–1078, 2003
Co‐evolution of user and organizational interfaces: A longitudinal case study of WWW dissemination of national statistics
Authors: Marchionini Gary 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe data systems, policies and procedures, corporate culture, and public face of an agency or institution make up its organizational interface. This case study describes how user interfaces for the Bureau of Labor Statistics web site evolved over a 5‐year period along with the larger organizational interface and how this co‐evolution has influenced the institution itself. Interviews with BLS staff and transaction log analysis are the foci in this analysis that also included user information‐seeking studies and user interface prototyping and testing. The results are organized into a model of organizational interface change and related to the information life cycle.
Iterative substructuring methods for incompressible non‐isothermal flows and its application to indoor air flow simulation
Authors: Knopp T. , Lube G. , Gritzki R. , Rösler M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe parallel solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the energy equation is considered. For turbulent flows, the k/ε model together with a modified wall‐function concept is used. The iterative process requires the fast solution of advection–diffusion reaction and Oseen‐type problems. These linearized problems are discretized using stabilized finite element methods. We apply a coarse–granular iterative substructuring method which couples the subdomain problems via Robin‐type interface conditions. Then we apply the approach to the simulation of indoor air flow problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An algebraic 2‐level domain decomposition preconditioner with applications to the compressible Euler equations
Authors: Sala Marzio 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA domain decomposition technique to solve large‐scale aerodynamics problems on unstructured grids is investigated. The linear system, arising when an implicit time‐advancing scheme is used, is preconditioned using a Schwarz‐based method. The key idea of the Schwarz preconditioner is to solve (approximately) a linear problem on each subdomain, then to exchange information only with neighbouring subdomains. Unfortunately, the performance of the Schwarz‐type preconditioner deteriorates as the number of processors grows. So, in this case, a key element for obtaining a scalable preconditioner is to provide acoarse leveloperator. Since many of the coarse operators proposed in literature are difficult to implement on unstructured 2D and 3D meshes, a purely algebraic procedure, that requires the entries of the matrix only, has been developed. This procedure may be seen as an Algebraic MultiGrid (AMG) method applied as a coarse grid correction operator. The key idea is to take advantage of the use of local data of domain decomposition preconditioners, and of the automatic coarsening procedures of AMG methods.Two possible schemes to introduce the coarse grid operator will be described. Both cases have been implemented and tested in a distributed parallel environment, using the MPI library. It will be shown that for suitable values of the rank of the coarse grid operator it is possible to obtain a considerable reduction in the number of iterations compared to the Schwarz preconditioner without coarse operator. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wnt‐5a and G‐protein signaling are required for collagen‐induced DDR1 receptor activation and normal mammary cell adhesion
Authors: Dejmek Janna , Dib Karim , Jönsson Marzieh , Andersson Tommy 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe collagen‐induced phosphorylation of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) in Wnt‐5a‐expressing HB2 mammary cells was effectively inhibited by pertussis toxin, but not by cholera toxin or antibodies blocking β1 integrins. Moreover, pertussis toxin reduced adhesion of the cells to collagen by approximately 50%, and antibodies against β1 integrins had a similar effect that was in fact additive to that of pertussis toxin. Cholera toxin had accordingly no such effect on adhesion. By comparison, pertussis toxin did not influence adhesion of Wnt‐5a‐antisense HB2 cells or MCF‐7 mammary tumor cells, neither of which express Wnt‐5a or exhibit activation of DDR1. In accordance with these results, direct mastoparan‐induced activation of G‐proteins in Wnt‐5a‐deficient MCF‐7 cells enabled collagen‐induced phosphorylation of DDR1 and enhanced their adhesion. The inactive analogue mastoparan‐17 had no such effects on MCF‐7 cells nor did active mastoparan affect adhesion of Wnt‐5a‐expressing HB2 cells. A possible explanation for how DDR1, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), potentiates mammary cell adhesion comes from our observations that pertussis toxin also inhibited the recruitment of the cytoskeletal regulator phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) to DDR1 as well as its phosphorylation/activation. In accordance with that, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin significantly impaired adhesion of normal Wnt‐5a‐expressing HB2 cells but had little effect on adhesion of Wnt‐5a‐antisense HB2 cells. Thus, a Gi/o‐protein signaling pathway mediates the effect of Wnt‐5a expression by enabling collagen‐induced activation of DDR1, which, in parallel with β1 integrins, regulates adhesion of mammary cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumors
Authors: Latil Alain , Chêne Laurent , Cochant‐Priollet Béatrix , Mangin Philippe , Fournier Georges , Berthon Philippe , Cussenot Olivier 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecently, DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer) protein has been forwarded as a receptor for netrin. The Netrin/DCC complex is critical for axon guidance and cell migration. In the developing nervous system, netrin protein secreted by midline cells attracts commissural axons by activating the DCC receptor on growth cones. This attraction can be switched to repulsion or silenced completely, depending on the DCC binding partner. The potential suppressor function of DCC in prostate tumorigenesis, through a still unknown mechanism, prompted us to quantify the expression of several genes involved in this axon guidance pathway. The relative expression levels of DCC, NEO1, NTN1, NTN2L, NTN4, UNC5C, Slit1, Slit2, Slit3, Robo1 and Robo2 were simultaneous quantified in 48 tumors and 7 normal prostate tissues by using real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). A reduction in DCC, NEO1, NTN1 and NTN4 expression was observed in prostate tumors, while many of the same prostate tumors over‐expressed either Slit genes or their receptors, Robo. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activation of T cells via tumor antigen specific chimeric receptors: The role of the intracellular signaling domain
Authors: Losch Florian O. , Müller Ralph , Mutschler Bettina , Neri Dario , Natali Pier Giorgio , Reth Michael , Carsetti Rita 
Published: December 2002

AbstractT cells engineered to express hybrid receptors with antibody defined specificity can successfully be targeted to tumor cells. In order to select intracellular domains of chimeric receptors capable of efficiently activate T cells in vitro and in vivo, we compared the function of receptors, which share the same extracellular antigen‐binding part, joined to different intra‐cellular signal transduction units. The antigen binding domain of the receptors was a single‐chain fragment of a monoclonal antibody, which recognize a High Molecular Weight Melanoma‐Associated Antigen with high affinity. The intracellular tails were derived from the T‐cell receptor ζ chain (TCR‐ζ), from the B‐cell receptor Ig‐α molecule and from a mutated Ig‐α molecule able of stronger signal transduction. We compared the activity of the different chimeric receptors at a single‐cell level by using a T‐cell line that expressed an activation‐dependent EGFP‐reporter gene. Upon cross‐linking with immobilized antibodies, all receptors were able to induce EGFP expression in the majority of the T cells. In contrast, EGFP expression was induced by contact to melanoma cells in vitro only in T cells that expressed the chimeric receptor that contained the TCR‐ζ intracellular tail. In these T cells, the co‐expression of chimeric receptors that contain a mutated Ig‐α tail lowers the threshold of T‐cell activation and facilitates tumor recognition in vitro and in vivo. Given their specificity and efficiency, T cells grafted with these type of receptors may represent potential candidates for cancer passive immunotherapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infiltrating immune cells, but not tumour cells, express FasL in non‐small cell lung cancer: No association with prognosis identified in 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Toomey Deirdre , Smyth Gordon , Condron Claire , Kelly James , Byrne Ann‐Marie , Kay Elaine , Conroy Ronan M. , Broe Patrick , Bouchier‐Hayes David 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a difficult disease to treat and independent prognostic markers other than tumour stage and histology have not emerged. The immune cell content of solid tumours has been associated with tumour regression and at times, tumour progression. The involvement of immune cells in prognosis of NSCLC is poorly described. Poor immune responses within solid tumours have been linked with tumour production of immunosuppressive cytokines. Tumour expression of FasL is thought to disarm responses through the transduction of a death signal in Fas‐expressing T cells. The existence of the ‘tumour counterattack’ in vivo has been questioned. We undertook to measure T cell and macrophage infiltration of the tumour bed in NSCLC and report the association between immune cell content and prognosis in a limited, 3‐year analysis of survival (n = 113). In addition we investigated FasL expression (n = 45). T cells and macrophages were found to frequently infiltrate lung tumours, albeit in small numbers. Generally there were more T cells infiltrating than macrophages. T cell and macrophage numbers were not associated with prognosis. Lung tumours were found not to express FasL, although occasional immune cells surrounding tumour cells were strongly positive. FasL expression was not associated with prognosis in this series. Thus, immune cells infiltrating NSCLC are not capable of suppressing tumour growth, nor are they associated with tumour progression. We report that lung tumours do not express the FasL, and that although some immune cells are FasL positive, this is not a reflection of general immune cell activation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of galectins‐1 and ‐3 in human colon cancer and their role in regulating cell migration
Authors: Hittelet Axel , Legendre Hugues , Nagy Nathalie , Bronckart Yves , Pector Jean‐Claude , Salmon Isabelle , Yeaton Paul , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Kiss Robert , Camby Isabelle 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTo probe the potential contribution of β‐galactoside‐contributing epitopes and receptor proteins (gal‐1 and gal‐3) to colon malignancy, we first examined the expression of galectins and binding sites in clinical specimens by lectin and immunohistochemistry. Sixty‐seven colonic surgical resections were studied, including 10 normal, 10 mild dysplasias, 10 severe dysplasias and 37 cancers. gal‐1 and gal‐3 were expressed in variable amounts in the epithelial cells and the connective tissue of normal colon. Their expression significantly increased with the degree of dysplasia, suggesting that gal‐1 and gal‐3 and their binding sites are related to malignant progression, while gal‐8 has been associated with suppressor activity. To study the functional aspects, the influence of these galectins on the migration of 4 human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT‐15, LoVo, DLD‐1, CoLo201) was studied. In agreement with histopathologic monitoring, these tumor cells were found to produce gal‐3, while only CoLo201 was positive for gal‐1. Except for DLD‐1 and gal‐1, the lines exhibited gal‐1 binding sites on the surface, prompting study by computer‐assisted videomicroscopy of the effect on cell migration of the presence of galectin on the culture substrate. The level of cell migration for HCT‐15, LoVo and CoLo201 cells was significantly reduced by 0.15 μg/cm2 gal‐1, and the presence of a blocking antibody at least reduced this effect. gal‐3 significantly reduced cell migration in all 4 of the in vitro cell lines. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.