bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Powered Power Management Circuit for Triboelectric Nanogenerators Utilizing Gas Discharge Tube
Authors: Liang Chuangjian , Chen Jianwei , Li Haohua , Tang Jialing , Hu Xinyu , Zheng Changyue , Lu Xiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpark discharge is essential for extracting energy from triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, the lack of universal technical standards for most discharge switches limits their widespread application. Herein, a buck circuit utilizing gas discharge tube (GDT) as discharge switches is presented. The GDT switch significantly enhances the instantaneous power to 30 mW, 15 times higher than the direct method. When VGDT (the breakdown voltage of GDT) ≤1000 V, it can be integrated with an LC converter, forming the GDTx‐Buck circuit with a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 92.2%. When VGDT >1000 V, GDT can combine with a transformer, forming the GDT‐nT circuit, which enables higher voltage power management. The results demonstrate GDT's universal applicability, reducing circuit complexity during design. In practical applications, the circuit can illuminate 1250 LEDs at an ultra‐low operating frequency of 0.6 Hz, generating electromagnetic waves during GDT breakover, which proves valuable for self‐powered wireless applications. Additionally, the circuit drives parallel calculators and thermometers at 2 Hz in micro‐nano energy applications and provides continuous power to high‐power fire sensors. Its high integration and simple design render it highly promising for large‐scale energy management applications based on TENGs.
Double‐Sided Indium Tin Oxide Photonic Crystal Glazing for All‐In‐One Multifunctional Rigid and Flexible Windows
Authors: Hwang Young Ji , Pyun Seung Beom , Choi Min Ju , Kwean Hyerin , Kim Jeong Han , Hong Woongpyo , Park Jung‐Yeon , Kwak Jinwoo , Cho Eun Chul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFuturistic and high‐performance windows are required to perform multiple functions, occasionally including photo‐ and electricity‐associated functions. For each function, suitable components must be added, but this might result in complicated window structures that can impede the basic window function: high visibility. Therefore, platform technology is necessary to simplify window structures with minimal components for basic functions while adding specific desirable functions. This study proposes non‐close‐packed indium tin oxide (ITO) photonic crystals coated on both sides of rigid and flexible windows. Their photonic bandgap frequencies (stopbands) are tunable through the modulation of the ITO thickness or lattice constant, thereby manipulating the window light transmittances. When the stopband lies in bluelight (400–500 nm), the window can simultaneously block the bluelight and exhibit high transmittance (antireflection function) at 500–1500 nm. The dual functions are enhanced with double‐sided photonic crystal windows: the optical contrasts in solar irradiance transmittances (ΔTsol) between 500–1500 and 280–500 nm are maximally 37.1% and 47.2% for the glass and polyimide windows, respectively. Additionally, the windows can have dual stopbands. Moreover, the window stopbands can enhance the photoluminescence intensities of quantum dot films. This simplistic window is applicable to houses/buildings, automobiles, electronics, displays, and energy industries.
Microcavity Design Upping Light Extraction Efficiency over 50% in High‐Index Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Mei Guanding , Xiao Xiangtian , Ahmad Sajjad , Lin Hong , Tan Yangzhi , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates for lighting and display applications. However, perovskites usually have a relatively high refractive index compared to organic semiconductors, causing a lower optical efficiency due to a narrower escape cone. In this work, the theoretical analysis shows that the microcavity effect enables PeLEDs to achieve a light extraction efficiency of 51%, much higher than the ≈20% estimated by the classical theory. Besides the interference in the microcavity, the efficiency improvement is also attributed to the low surface plasmon loss and a high ratio of horizontal dipoles under the Purcell effect. In a microcavity PeLED, a horizontal dipole shows three times the improvement in the Purcell factor of a vertical dipole, making the horizontal dipole with high efficiency contribute 86% of light output. Moreover, the experiment shows that the microcavity can increase the external quantum efficiency by 70%. A narrower spectrum and shorter photoluminescence lifetime are also observed. These phenomena are attributed to the simultaneous enhancement of light extraction efficiency and internal quantum efficiency. This work reveals the importance of microcavity design and provides guidance to break through the classical efficiency limit and achieve high‐efficiency PeLEDs.
Utilizing the Unique Redox Reaction Between Transition Metal Ions to Improve Mn4+ Doping Concentration and Achieve a High‐Performance Red‐Emitting Cs2NbF6: Mn4+ Phosphor
Authors: Liang Sisi , Song Liping , Nie Wendong , Wang Zihao , Chen Dejian , Lin Fulin , Zhu Haomiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynthesis of a Mn4+‐activated fluoride red‐emitting phosphor combining high efficiency, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding moisture resistance still remains a challenge. Herein, this work synthesizes a red‐emitting phosphor Cs2NbF6: Mn4+ (CNF: Mn4+) based on the cation‐exchange method. Interestingly, as a result of the redox reaction between Mn3+ (Mn2+) and Nb5+ ions during the exchange reaction, the real Mn4+ concentration is remarkably increased, while Nb5+ ions are reduced to Nb4+. The obtained optimum CNF: Mn4+ phosphor shows high internal and external photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of 92% and 58%, respectively. Moreover, the CNF: Mn4+ exhibits excellent thermal stability (I@150 = 105%) and moisture resistance. A white light‐emitting diode (LED) packaged by combining blue diode chips, Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ yellow phosphor, and CNF: Mn4+ red phosphor demonstrates a low correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3872 K, high color rendering index (CRI) of Ra = 88, and a luminous efficacy of 105 lm W−1. The high‐performance of the white LED suggests the great potential of the CNF: Mn4+ narrowband red phosphor in display and lighting fields.
Fourier Control of Air Modes in High‐Q Metasurfaces
Authors: Arruda Guilherme S. , Pepino Vinicius M. , Borges Ben‐Hur V. , Martins Emiliano R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDielectric metasurfaces supporting high‐quality factor (high‐Q) resonances, e.g., through bound states in the continuum, have attracted significant interest from the scientific community. Air modes can significantly improve the performance and functionality of metasurfaces, for example, by enhancing mode sensitivity and reducing material absorption. Here, the concept of air‐guided mode resonances with Fourier control of the resonance Q‐factor with a double‐ridge metasurface supporting air modes is introduced and experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that the Q‐factor can be easily Fourier controlled all the way to infinity by adjusting the gap width, and that the energy confinement in air is largely independent of the gap width. As an application example, it is shown that the Q‐factor of air modes is decoupled from material losses, thus allowing a Q‐factor enhancement of up to 12× when compared to conventional (single‐ridge) metasurfaces. This design offers an easy way to control the Q‐factor of air modes, thus opening the possibility of achieving high‐Q in metasurfaces using lossy materials.
HIV testing attitudes among fishers of Elmina fishing community in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kyei‐Gyamfi Sylvester 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examined factors affecting fishers' interest in participating in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing at Elmina fishing community in the Central Region of Ghana. The study additionally inquired of respondents if they would be willing to submit to an HIV test and, if so, if they knew where to go for the test. The study also looked at the barriers that prevented fishers from getting tested for HIV. A cross‐sectional convergent parallel mixed‐method design was used to examine 385 fishers who were at least 18 years old and engaged in any form of fishing activity. Only about 9% of respondents reported having ever tested for HIV. Although the overall testing rate was low, the results indicate a higher testing rate in females than among males. Multivariate analysis shows that sex, age and type of fishing occupation are significant predictors of willingness to test for HIV among the study participants. Even though many people in the study location may know where to get tested for HIV, they are unwilling to do so. Many residents of the research area may be aware of where to get tested for HIV, but they are unwilling to go. This suggests a lack of enthusiasm due to misunderstandings and misconceptions about what HIV testing uptake entails. Additionally, stigmatization is a significant barrier to the acceptance of HIV testing in the study area and needs to be reduced by increased education.
A general model fitting coleoid cephalopod growth as a function of time and temperature to a single curve
Authors: Escamilla‐Aké Ángel , Angeles‐Gonzalez Luis Enrique , Caamal‐Monsreal Claudia , Rosas Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA novel general model has been developed to fit biomass growth data of coleoid cephalopods as a function of time and temperature from hatching to maximum size in a single curve. This model has been obtained formally from a formulation of product‐integral, solves the discontinuity problem present in two‐phase growth models and describes both asymptotic and non‐asymptotic growth. Within the usual temperature range in which the organism develops, our model describes a non‐asymptotic growth achieving a good fit with the experimental data . In particular, the model provides precise calculation of the time k at which the growth curve inflection occurs, time μ1 at which sexual maturity begins and time μ2 at which the maximum size is reached. When the model was parameterized as a function of temperature, it corroborated different results on Octopus maya fitness, in particular, 25.7°C was obtained as the temperature that generates the highest average growth rate and 21.7°C as the temperature with the highest biomass accumulation over time. This result confirms that the temperature range of 22–26°C is suitable for the growth of O. maya and shows that the developed model can be a useful tool for aquaculture.
Multiplicities in thermodynamic activity coefficients
Authors: Werner Jennifer , Seidel Tobias , Jafar Ramzi , Heese Raoul , Hasse Hans , Bortz Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThermodynamic activity coefficients play an essential role in the description of phase equilibria, which are fundamental to the simulation and optimization of all separation processes. Although it is known that multiplicities with respect to binary interaction parameters can occur, no systematic study of these multiplicities has been undertaken yet. In this contribution, their rigorous pointwise classification is presented, valid for the entire range of binary compositions. Furthermore, implications not only for the non‐random two‐lqiuid (NRTL)‐parameterization to capture temperature‐dependence are discussed, but also for extrapolation and regression tasks. The findings are illustrated for vapor‐liquid equilibria of different binary mixtures.
Cover Image, Volume 193, Number 3, September 2023
Authors: Aradhya Swaroop , Facio Flavia M. , Metz Hillery , Manders Toby , Colavin Alexandre , Kobayashi Yuya , Nykamp Keith , Johnson Britt , Nussbaum Robert L. 
Published: September 2023

Cover legend: Aradhya etal., Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2023, 10.1002/ajmg.c.32057.
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Stabilization of Guanidinate Anions [CN3]5− in Calcite‐Type SbCN3
Authors: Brüning Lukas , Jena Nityasagar , Bykova Elena , Jurzick Pascal L. , Flosbach Niko T. , Mezouar Mohamed , Hanfland Michael , Giordano Nico , Fedotenko Timofey , Winkler Björn , Abrikosov Igor A. , Bykov Maxim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe stabilization of nitrogen‐rich phases presents a significant chemical challenge due to the inherent stability of the dinitrogen molecule. This stabilization can be achieved by utilizing strong covalent bonds in complex anions with carbon, such as cyanide CN− and NCN2− carbodiimide, while more nitrogen‐rich carbonitrides are hitherto unknown. Following a rational chemical design approach, we synthesized antimony guanidinate SbCN3 at pressures of 32–38 GPa using various synthetic routes in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells. SbCN3, which is isostructural to calcite CaCO3, can be recovered under ambient conditions. Its structure contains the previously elusive guanidinate anion [CN3]5−, marking a fundamental milestone in carbonitride chemistry. The crystal structure of SbCN3 was solved and refined from synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data and was fully corroborated by theoretical calculations, which also predict that SbCN3 has a direct band gap with the value of 2.20 eV. This study opens a straightforward route to the entire new family of inorganic nitridocarbonates.
Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in youth with autism: Sex differences and social–emotional correlates
Authors: Neuhaus Emily , Santhosh Megha , Kresse Anna , Aylward Elizabeth , Bernier Raphael , Bookheimer Susan , Jeste Shafali , Jack Allison , McPartland James C. , Naples Adam , Van Horn John D. , Pelphrey Kevin , Webb Sara Jane ,   ACE GENDAAR Network
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn youth broadly, EEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) associates with affective style and vulnerability to psychopathology, with relatively stronger right activity predicting risk for internalizing and externalizing behaviors. In autistic youth, FAA has been related to ASD diagnostic features and to internalizing symptoms. Among our large, rigorously characterized, sex‐balanced participant group, we attempted to replicate findings suggestive of altered FAA in youth with an ASD diagnosis, examining group differences and impact of sex assigned at birth. Second, we examined relations between FAA and behavioral variables (ASD features, internalizing, and externalizing) within autistic youth, examining effects by sex. Third, we explored whether the relation between FAA, autism features, and mental health was informed by maternal depression history. In our sample, FAA did not differ by diagnosis, age, or sex. However, youth with ASD had lower total frontal alpha power than youth without ASD. For autistic females, FAA and bilateral frontal alpha power correlated with social communication features, but not with internalizing or externalizing symptoms. For autistic males, EEG markers correlated with social communication features, and with externalizing behaviors. Exploratory analyses by sex revealed further associations between youth FAA, behavioral indices, and maternal depression history. In summary, findings suggest that individual differences in FAA may correspond to social–emotional and mental health behaviors, with different patterns of association for females and males with ASD. Longitudinal consideration of individual differences across levels of analysis (e.g., biomarkers, family factors, and environmental influences) will be essential to parsing out models of risk and resilience among autistic youth.
Collaboration during the diagnostic decision‐making process: When does it help?
Authors: Kämmer Juliane E. , Ernst Karin , Grab Kim , Schauber Stefan K. , Hautz Stefanie C. , Penders Dorothea , Hautz Wolf E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhen making complex decisions, such as a medical diagnosis, decision makers typically gather, analyze, and synthesize (integrate) information. In a previous study, we showed that delegating such complex decisions to collaborating pairs increases decision quality substantially compared to that of individuals, without requiring different information gathering. Given the higher costs associated with teamwork, however, it is of great practical interest to understand when in the process the performance benefits of teams may arise, so that particular subtasks can be delegated to teams when most appropriate. We thus conducted an experimental study in which fourth‐year medical students (n = 109) worked either in pairs or alone on two separate subtasks of the diagnostic process: (1) analyzing diagnostic test results (e.g., X‐rays) and (2) integrating previously interpreted test results into diagnoses. Linear mixed‐effects models revealed a small benefit of collaborating pairs over individuals in both subtasks. We conclude that collaborating with a peer may pay off both when analyzing information and when integrating it into a diagnosis as it provides the opportunity to correct each other's errors and to make use of a greater knowledge base. These findings encourage the strategic use of collaboration with a colleague when making complex decisions. Further research into the underlying processes is needed.
Effectiveness of regional diffusion MRI measures in distinguishing multiple sclerosis abnormalities within the cervical spinal cord
Authors: Snoussi Haykel , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Combès Benoît , Bannier Élise , Tounekti Slimane , Kerbrat Anne , Barillot Christian , Caruyer Emmanuel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Although conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for MS diagnosis and clinical follow‐up, quantitative MRI has the potential to provide valuable intrinsic values of tissue properties that can enhance accuracy. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of diffusion MRI in distinguishing MS lesions within the cervical spinal cord, using a combination of metrics extracted from diffusion tensor imaging and Ball‐and‐Stick models.MethodsWe analyzed spinal cord data acquired from multiple hospitals and extracted average diffusion MRI metrics per vertebral level using a collection of image processing methods and an atlas‐based approach. We then performed a statistical analysis to evaluate the feasibility of these metrics for detecting lesions, exploring the usefulness of combining different metrics to improve accuracy.ResultsOur study demonstrates the sensitivity of each metric to underlying microstructure changes in MS patients. We show that selecting a specific subset of metrics, which provide complementary information, significantly improves the prediction score of lesion presence in the cervical spinal cord. Furthermore, the Ball‐and‐Stick model has the potential to provide novel information about the microstructure of damaged tissue.ConclusionOur results suggest that diffusion measures, particularly combined measures, are sensitive in discriminating abnormal from healthy cervical vertebral levels in patients. This information could aid in improving MS diagnosis and clinical follow‐up. Our study highlights the potential of the Ball‐and‐Stick model in providing additional insights into the microstructure of the damaged tissue.
Patient‐derived organoid culture in epithelial ovarian cancers—Techniques, applications, and future perspectives
Authors: Chan Wai Sun , Mo Xuetang , Ip Philip Pun Ching , Tse Ka Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease composed of different cell types with different molecular aberrations. Traditional cell lines and mice models cannot recapitulate the human tumor biology and tumor microenvironment (TME). Patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) are freshly derived from patients' tissues and are then cultured with extracellular matrix and conditioned medium. The high concordance of epigenetic, genomic, and proteomic landscapes between the parental tumors and PDOs suggests that PDOs can provide more reliable results in studying cancer biology, allowing high throughput drug screening, and identifying their associated signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms. However, despite having a heterogeneity of cells in PDOs, some cells in TME will be lost during the culture process. Next‐generation organoids have been developed to circumvent some of the limitations. Genetically engineered organoids involving targeted gene editing can facilitate the understanding of tumorigenesis and drug response. Co‐culture systems where PDOs are cultured with different cell components like immune cells can allow research using immunotherapy which is otherwise impossible in conventional cell lines. In this review, the limitations of the traditional in vitro and in vivo assays, the use of PDOs, the challenges including some tips and tricks of PDO generation in EOC, and the future perspectives, will be discussed.
Appendicular actinomycosis: The first reported case of an uncommon finding of a common ailment from Nepal
Authors: Bohara Sujan , Khadka Manoj , Bhat Pawan Singh , Syangtang Prajwal , Karki Badal , Shrestha Bhagawan , Acharya Shoshan Arja , Khetan Khusbhu , Rayamajhi Jyoti , Rawal Sushil Bahadur 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageActinomycosis is a rare cause of appendicitis with an incidence of 0.3–1 incident per year per 100,000 people. A significant preoperative diagnostic challenge exists and is usually diagnosed incidentally on histopathological examination.AbstractAppendicular actinomycosis, a rare, chronic granulomatous infection caused by actinomyces species, holds a significant preoperative diagnostic summons and is often diagnosed serendipitously during the regular histopathological examination. Herein, we present a case of a 36‐year‐old female who presented with features suggestive of acute appendicitis, underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy, and was diagnosed with appendicular actinomycosis from the histopathological examination.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and viral encephalitis: An unusual and misleading imaging
Authors: Shukla Isha , Modasia Bhavin , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare illness. It is characterized by different presentations like encephalopathy, seizures, hemiplegia, and visual symptoms. We present a patient who presented seizures and encephalopathy. Brain MRI showed symmetrical white and gray matter lesions. He was treated with acyclovir for viral encephalitis and given immunotherapy for ADEM. The radiological findings may be inconclusive in some cases, hence differential diagnosis of both viral encephalitis and ADEM needs to be considered. Early immunotherapy is required in such fulminant cases.