bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper Blepharoplasty for Dermatochalasis With or Without Resection of the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle, Preaponeurotic and Nasal Fat Pads: A Comparative Study
Authors: Viscardi Juan A. , Giordano Salvatore 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Upper blepharoplasty is the gold standard procedure for upper eyelid dermatochalasis. Upper blepharoplasties procedures include removing the skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, preaponeurotic, or nasal fat pad. The purpose of this study is to report surgical outcomes and compare them to the most common techniques.

Material and Methods
A retrospective review of 386 consecutive patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty at Turku University Hospital from January 1st, 2015 to June 30th, 2017 was conducted. Data collected include patient demographics, surgical details, and details regarding the type and frequency of complications.

Results
During the study period, 51 upper blepharoplasties with orbicularis oculi muscle excision, skin, preaponeurotic and nasal fat pads removal (study group) and 335 upper blepharoplasties with skin only removal (control group) were performed. Non-parametric tests showed that operative time (M=60.2min; SD=11.7min) and return to work (M=8.0days; SD=3.1days) were significantly shorter in the control group. No significant differences in the total amount of complications were detected (7.8% vs 2.4%, p=0.075). Subjective patients' satisfaction was significantly higher in the study group (from 0-10, mean 8.3 vs 7.0, p=0.034).

Conclusions
When compared to skin-only blepharoplasty, upper blepharoplasty with orbicularis oculi muscle excision, removal of skin, preaponeurotic and nasal fat pad appears to be a safe surgery with improved patient satisfaction and without carrying on additional complications.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
A user’s guide to coral reef restoration terminologies
Authors: Suggett David J. , Goergen Elizabeth A. , Fraser Megan , Hein Margaux Y. , Hoot Whitney , McLeod Ian , Montoya-Maya Phanor H. , Moore Tom , Ross Andrew M. , Vardi Tali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Global coral reef restoration efforts continue to diversify in approach, location, and socio-ecological context. In parallel, vocabulary has evolved such that practitioners, scientists, policy makers, communicators, and investors must navigate an increasingly confusing set of terms that are inconsistently defined. Precision around terms and definitions is an important attribute underpinning the rate and extent with which restoration can scale. However, in contrast with more established ecological restoration fields, coral reef restoration lacks a formal lexicon for its core approaches and processes. Here we synthesize, distill, and clarify a core lexicon proposed for coral reef restoration. We navigate readers systematically through terms used for various coral reef restoration approaches, project planning and intent, process workflows, and biological material. We also consider vague terms commonly used that present challenges to singularly define. While we expect this proposed lexicon to continue to evolve, we offer an important first step toward more integrated communications around coral reef restoration.
Which Spaces can be Embedded in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces?
Authors: Schölpple Max , Steinwart Ingo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Given a Banach space E consisting of functions, we ask whether there exists a reproducing kernel Hilbert space H with bounded kernel such that

$$E\subset H$$

E
⊂
H

. More generally, we consider the question, whether for a given Banach space consisting of functions F with

$$E\subset F$$

E
⊂
F

, there exists an intermediate reproducing kernel Hilbert space

$$E\subset H\subset F$$

E
⊂
H
⊂
F

. We provide both sufficient and necessary conditions for this to hold. Moreover, we show that for typical classes of function spaces described by smoothness there is a strong dependence on the underlying dimension: the smoothness s required for the space E needs to grow proportional to the dimension d in order to allow for an intermediate reproducing kernel Hilbert space H.
Stromal PDGFR-beta expression is a prognostic factor in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients but is it also predictive for response to antiangiogenic treatment?
Authors: Volk Annabelle , von Bülow Charlotte , Stern Aysche , Simon Ronald , Burandt Eike , Sauter Guido , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Oliveira-Ferrer Leticia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
In advanced ovarian cancer, the majority of patients receive anti-angiogenic treatment with bevacizumab. However, its use is often associated with severe side effects, and not all patients benefit from the therapy. Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers to predict response to treatment. Given their role as key regulators of angiogenesis, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-beta) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) are promising candidates for predictive biomarkers. This study evaluates their potential.

Methods
PDGFR-beta and VEGFR-2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray assay including 391 ovarian tissue samples. Correlation analyses with clinical and histopathological parameters were performed in a homogeneous cohort of 199 high grade serous ovarian cancer samples (HGSOC).

Results
In HGSOC, strong stromal PDGFR-beta expression was associated with significantly shorter overall survival compared to weak/moderate expression. The impact of stromal PDGFR-beta expression on patient survival was however not restricted to the subgroup of patients receiving therapy with bevacizumab, and therefore cannot be considered as a predictive factor. For VEGFR-2, no or weak protein expression was found in the majority of the tumor samples. Survival analyses showed a more favorable prognosis with no or weak VEGFR-2 expression.

Conclusions
High stromal expression levels of PDGFR-beta correlate with shorter overall survival in HGSOC. Thus, stromal PDGFR-beta might serve as a prognostic biomarker. No predictive effect in response to bevacizumab therapy could be attributed.
Primary surgery of subcondylar mandibular fracture using patient-specific implant: the Helsinki protocol
Authors: Saloniemi Mikko , Salli Malla , Lehtinen Valtteri , Snäll Johanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Preoperative virtual planning and osteosynthesis with patient-specific implants (PSIs) have become a quotidian approach to many maxillofacial elective surgery setups. When a process is well-organized, a similar approach can be harnessed to serve the needs of exact primary reconstructions, especially in midfacial trauma cases. PSI osteosynthesis of the mandible is, however, more challenging because a mirror technique of the facial sides is often unreliable due to inherent lack of symmetry, and movement of the mandible increases the risk of loosening of the osteosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to present clinical results of the Helsinki protocol concept of utilizing PSIs in the primary surgery of unilateral mandibular subcondylar fractures as the first publication on the subject.

Methods
A single-center study of a new Helsinki protocol is presented for surgical treatment of subcondylar mandibular fractures using patient-specific, titanium-milled repositator plates. Ten patients with dislocated subcondylar mandibular fractures received surgery and osteosynthesis with PSI via a retromandibular approach.

Results
Clinical and radiological outcomes were excellent; none of the patients had fixation-related major complications or developed postoperative malocclusion.

Conclusions
Study results show that the Helsinki protocol, treating mandibular condylar fractures primarily with PSI plates, is a viable treatment option.
Rats and mice rapidly update timed behaviors
Authors: Aggadi N. , Krikawa S. , Paine T. A. , Simen P. , Howard C. D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Keeping track of time intervals is a crucial aspect of behavior and cognition. Many theoretical models of how the brain times behavior make predictions for steady-state performance of well-learned intervals, but the rate of learning intervals in these models varies greatly, ranging from one-shot learning to learning over thousands of trials. Here, we explored how quickly rats and mice adapt to changes in interval durations using a serial fixed-interval task. In the first experiment, animals experienced randomly selected fixed-intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, or 60 s, for blocks ranging from 13 to 21 trials. Consistent with previous work, animals abruptly increased lever pressing as reward availability approached, and these ‘start times’ scaled with the interval duration for both species. We then quantified the rate of updating to new trial durations and found that rodents consistently updated their start times within 2–3 trials following a change in interval duration, before stabilizing their behavior by the third or fourth trial. To account for repeated exposures to fixed-interval durations, a second set of animals was tested with new fixed-intervals after being trained on the serial fixed-interval task described above. Next, a third group was trained on fixed-interval durations that were generated de novo in each day. In each of these contexts, rodents rapidly increased or decreased their start times to mirror new FI durations following exposure to 1–2 trials of new intervals following block transitions. This work adds to growing evidence for rapid duration learning across species, highlighting the need for timing models to be capable of rapid updating in dynamic temporal scenarios.
Implementation and application of extended reality in foreign language education for specific purposes: a systematic literature review
Authors: Christou Eirini , Parmaxi Antigoni , Christoforou Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Extended Reality (XR) applications such as Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality have extensively supported foreign language education for specific purposes, creating opportunities and challenges that are different from the ones in general foreign language contexts. However, there is a lack of comprehensive description of XR applications aiming to support language learning for specific purposes. This study was conducted to fill this gap by reviewing the state-of-the-art technology in the use of XR for language learning for specific purposes.

Methods
Published manuscripts during the period 2020–2024 were searched electronically with an eye to retrieve recent relevant published literature on the topic. The criteria for inclusion in the final review were met by a total of 33 articles.

Results
The analysis indicated six types of tasks being employed in the use of XR for specific purposes (i.e., role playing, peer tutoring/dyadic task, informal discussions, closed outcome tasks, XR environment exploration, and XR content creation). Primary purposes and benefits of XR technologies were identified: authentic contexts, oral proficiency improvement and development of communication skills, creative thinking, improvement of long-term memory, motivation, and students’ multimodal literacy.

Conclusion
Increased attention was directed toward VR applications for language learning for specific purposes. Both students’ and teachers’ familiarity with XR technologies plays a crucial role in their overall learning and teaching experience. The added value of XR in the teaching and learning circumstances should be taken into consideration. Implications for educators and future research are suggested.
Improving math self-efficacy and math self-concept in middle school: a narrative systematic review
Authors: Granello Federica , Cuder Alessandro , Doz Eleonora , Pellizzoni Sandra , Passolunghi Maria Chiara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Math self-competence beliefs, namely, math self-efficacy and math self-concept, are crucial factors in sustaining math learning. Since there is a lack of literature on interventions targeting math self-competence beliefs in middle school students, the aim of this systematic review is to provide a narrative synthesis of the characteristics of interventions focusing on math self-efficacy and math self-concept in middle school students, and to describe their effects in enhancing math outcomes. A total of 15 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria (i.e., studies conducted on middle school students, interventional or quasi-experimental, studies evaluated math self-efficacy and math self-concept), comprising a sample of N = 10,416 middle schoolers and n = 21 effect sizes. Qualitative analysis identified five main types of interventional approaches: self-regulation strategies (n = 3), use of technology (n = 3), instructional teaching (n = 3), enhancement of self-competence sources (n = 3), and collaborative learning (n = 3). Collaborative learning and technology-based interventions seemed effective in enhancing students’ math self-competence beliefs. Conversely, interventions focusing on self-regulation strategies, as well as instructional teaching, appeared more effective in improving math outcomes than self-competence beliefs. These findings provide valuable insights for educational practitioners and policymakers, informing evidence-based choices for optimizing teaching practices and intervention activities in educational context.
ExoSim 2: the new exoplanet observation simulator applied to the Ariel space mission
Authors: Mugnai Lorenzo V. , Bocchieri Andrea , Pascale Enzo , Lorenzani Andrea , Papageorgiou Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
ExoSim 2 is the next generation of the Exoplanet Observation Simulator (ExoSim) tailored for spectro-photometric observations of transiting exoplanets from space, ground, and sub-orbital platforms. This software is a complete rewrite implemented in Python 3, embracing object-oriented design principles, which allow users to replace each component with their functions when required. ExoSim 2 is publicly available on GitHub, serving as a valuable resource for the scientific community. ExoSim 2 employs a modular architecture using Task classes, encapsulating simulation algorithms and functions. This flexible design facilitates the extensibility and adaptability of ExoSim 2 to diverse instrument configurations to address the evolving needs of the scientific community. Data management within ExoSim 2 is handled by the Signal class, which represents a structured data cube incorporating time, space, and spectral dimensions. The code execution in ExoSim 2 follows a three-step workflow: the creation of focal planes, the production of Sub-Exposure blocks, and the generation of non-destructive reads (NDRs). Each step can be executed independently, optimizing time and computational resources. ExoSim 2 has been extensively validated against other tools like ArielRad and has demonstrated consistency in estimating photon conversion efficiency, saturation time, and signal generation. The simulator has also been validated independently for instantaneous read-out and jitter simulation, and for astronomical signal representation. In conclusion, ExoSim 2 offers a robust and flexible tool for exoplanet observation simulation, capable of adapting to diverse instrument configurations and evolving scientific needs. Its design principles and validation results underscore its potential as a valuable resource in the field of exoplanet research.
Characterizing hole trap production due to proton irradiation in germanium cross-strip detectors
Authors: Pike Sean N. , Boggs Steven E. , Brewster Gabriel , Haight Sophia E. , Roberts Jarred M. , Shih Albert Y. , Szornel Joanna , Tomsick John A. , Zoglauer Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an investigation into the effects of high-energy proton damage on charge trapping in germanium cross-strip detectors with the goal of accomplishing three important measurements. First, we calibrated and characterized the spectral resolution of a spare COSI-balloon detector in order to determine the effects of intrinsic trapping, finding that electron trapping due to impurities dominates over hole trapping in the undamaged detector. Second, we performed two rounds of proton irradiation of the detector in order to quantify, for the first time, the rate at which charge traps are produced by proton irradiation. We find that the product of the hole trap density and cross-sectional area,

$$[n\sigma ]_\textrm{h}$$

[
n
σ
]

h

, follows a linear relationship with the proton fluence,

$$F_\textrm{p}$$

F
p

, with a slope of

$$(5.4\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-11}\,\mathrm {cm/p^{+}}$$

(
5.4
±
0.4
)

×

10

-
11

cm
/

p
+

. Third, by utilizing our measurements of physical trapping parameters, we performed calibrations which corrected for the effects of trapping and mitigated degradation to the spectral resolution of the detector.
Er2O3-Doped Lead Borate Glasses: Advanced Optical and Radiation Shielding Performance
Authors: Abouhaswa A. S. , Perişanoğlu U. , Saltık S. , Ekinci N. , Nasr M. H. , Kalecik S. , Perişanoğlu E. Kavaz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new glass system with the composition 60B2O3 + 30PbF2 + (10−x)K2O + x Er2O3 (x = 0 to 3 mol%) were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique and comprehensively analyzed to evaluate their structural, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties. Increasing Er2O3 concentration enhanced the density (from 4.260 to 4.89 g/cm3) and reduced the molar volume (from 29.28 to 28.98 cm3/mol), indicating a denser and more compact glass matrix. Optical studies revealed increased UV absorbance, a red shift in the cutoff wavelength, and a reduction in the optical energy gap from 3.487 to 3.335 eV (direct transitions). Urbach energy values increased from 0.722 to 1.083 eV, signifying heightened structural disorder. Enhanced refractive index and extinction coefficients further underscored the glasses’ potential for optical applications. Mechanical analyses demonstrated a significant increase in all elastic moduli, including Young’s, bulk, and shear moduli, with Er2O3 incorporation, indicating improved rigidity and mechanical stability. The radiation shielding performance of the glasses was assessed across photon energies of 0.015–15 MeV, incorporating both experimental data and machine learning (ML)-based predictions of mass attenuation coefficients (MAC). The ML model, developed using a neural network architecture, successfully predicted MAC values with high accuracy, demonstrating excellent agreement with XCOM-calculated results. Key shielding parameters, including half-value layer (HVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), and buildup factors (EABF and EBF), improved significantly with higher Er2O3 content. BPKE3 glass, with the highest Er2O3 concentration, exhibited the best shielding efficiency, outperforming conventional shielding materials in terms of lower HVL and buildup factors, coupled with higher MAC and Zeff values. This study highlights the dual role of Er2O3-doped lead borate glasses as efficient optical and radiation shielding materials. Machine learning effectively predicts shielding parameters, aiding material optimization for applications in nuclear, medical, and industrial fields.
GrapHisto: A Robust Representation of Graph-Structured Data for Graph Convolutional Networks
Authors: Benini Marco , Bongini Pietro , Trentin Edmondo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Machine learning from graphs is an established branch of AI research motivated by the relevance of applications that involve graph-structured data. The most popular instance is the graph neural network (GNN). On the other hand, due to the promising results of deep learning models in the most diverse fields of application, several efforts have been made to replicate these successes when dealing with graphical data. A prominent specimen of the kind is the graph convolutional network (GCN). Along these lines, the paper propose a novel approach for processing graphs that exploits the capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn from images. This is achieved by means of a new representation of graphs, called GrapHisto, that portrays graphs in the form of characteristic “pictures”. The GrapHisto is in the form of graph-specific, unique tensors encapsulating the graph topology and its features (i.e., the labels associated with vertexes and edges). This representation is fed to a CNN, and the resulting machine is termed GrapHisto-CNN. The paper provides some theoretical investigations of the properties of the approach, and proposes solutions to some practical issues. An experimental evaluation of the GrapHisto-CNN is reported, revolving around two setups: classification of synthetically-generated graphs, and molecule classification form the dataset QM9. The results show that the approach is effective and robust, and that it compares favorably with GNNs and GCNs.
An overview of the phytochemistry of medicinal bark (trunk, stem or root) from the most popular southern African species
Authors: Sadgrove Nicholas John , Mitaine-Offer Anne-Claire , Khumalo Gugulethu , Van Wyk Ben-Erik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ten countries that make up southern Africa are collectively a hot-spot of medicinal plant knowledge, with a unique preference for the utilization of bark over leaves from possibly hundreds of species. The most popular 86 medicinal bark species were identified in an earlier survey of various muthi markets around Johannesburg, and are listed in the current review, out of which chemical data was found for 63 and tabulated. The chemistry of medicinal bark species is, however, incomplete, since many scholars focused their research on metabolites of interest to their research groups, such as essential oils, lipophilic compounds, alkaloids or saponins, to the exclusion of other specialized metabolites present in the respective biota. From the current phytochemical analysis, the medicinal potential of bark relative to leaves is not obvious, as it is dependent on factors such as quantity of specialized metabolites (potency), their identities and anecdotal accounts from traditional healers. Nevertheless, the preference for bark may be due to empirical outcomes in therapy. Southern African medicinal bark species demonstrate an extremely diverse pool of unique/new or relatively unheard of natural products, such as calondendrolide from C. capense, combretastatin from C. caffrum, capensin from C. capense, crotohalimaneic acid from C. sylvaticus, ekebergins from E. capensis, entandrophragmin from E. caudatum, lysisteisoflavone from E. lysistemon, kigelinone from K. africana, holstinones from O. holstii, piptadeniaoside from P. africanum, rauvolfianoids from R. caffra, tetrapterosides from T. tetraptera, voacangine from V. thouarsii, warburganal from W. salutaris and mucronine from Z. mucronata. The review concludes by briefly commenting on pharmacokinetic aspects associated with ingestion or topical application of bark metabolites.
Engaging People with Intellectual Disability in Participatory Action Research: Co-Developing Sex Educational Resources
Authors: Wellington Monica , Dew Angela , Frawley Patsie , David Jennifer , O’Shea Amie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
People with intellectual disability experience barriers accessing appropriate sexual health information, particularly that are developed using a participatory approach. A Participatory Action Research Group (PARG) including two people with intellectual disability and ten people working in sexual health education worked alongside researchers to develop sex education resources for young people with intellectual disability. Through seven co-development meetings, PARG members contributions benefited the research outputs. They viewed the co-development process as valuable to the sector and identified how the research team facilitated their meaningful engagement. This paper adds to the literature that informs participatory action research and highlights the steps required to engage people with lived experience in inclusive research methods.