bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a Transformation of the Gini Coefficient into a Well‐Behaved Social Welfare Function
Authors: Stark Oded 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFollowing Sen’s (1973) characterization of the Gini coefficient as a ratio between a measure of aggregate income‐based stress (“depression” in Sen’s terminology) and aggregate income, we transform the Gini coefficient into a social welfare function rather than having the Gini coefficient feature as an input in a social welfare function as in Sen (1973 and 1997), Sen (1976), and Sen (1982). The “Gini social welfare function” assigns weights that reflect preferences to aggregate income and to aggregate income‐based stress (income inequality), a desirable property that a social welfare function in which the Gini coefficient features as an input does not have. The transformation bears on the formation of public policy and on the welfare analysis of policy interventions.
HOS15 impacts DIL9 protein stability during drought stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zareen Shah , Ali Akhtar , Park Junghoon , Kang Sang‐Mo , Lee In‐Jung , Pardo Jose M. , Yun Dae‐Jin , Xu Zheng‐Yi 
Published: January 2025

Summary
HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15 (HOS15) acts as a substrate receptor of E3 ligase complex, which plays a negative role in drought stress tolerance. However, whether and how HOS15 participates in controlling important transcriptional regulators remains largely unknown.
Here, we report that HOS15 physically interacts with and tightly regulates DROUGHT‐INDUCED LIKE 19 (DIL9) protein stability. Moreover, application of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) stabilizes the interaction between DIL9 and HOS15, leading to ABA‐induced proteasomal degradation of DIL9 by HOS15. Genetic analysis revealed that DIL9 functions downstream to HOS15 and that the drought tolerance of hos15‐2 plants was impaired in dil9/hos15 double mutants.
Notably, DIL9 is directly associated with the promoter regions of ABF transcription factors and facilitates their expression, which is pivotal in enhancing ABA‐dependent drought tolerance.
Collectively, these findings demonstrate that HOS15 consistently degrades DIL9 under normal condition, while stress (drought/ABA) promotes the DIL9 activity for binding to the promoter regions of ABFs and positively regulates their expression in response to dehydration.
Leaf carbon monoxide emissions under different drought, heat, and light conditions in the field
Authors: Muller Jonathan D. , Qubaja Rafat , Koh Eugene , Stern Rafael , Bohak Yasmin L. , Tatarinov Fyodor , Rotenberg Eyal , Yakir Dan 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is known primarily as a globally emitted by‐product of incomplete combustion from the industry and biomass burning. However, CO is also produced in living plants and acts as a stress‐signalling molecule in animals and plants. While CO emissions from soil and litter decomposition have been studied, research on the CO flux from living vegetation is scarce, particularly under field conditions.
Here, we present a year‐long field study on the effects of light, heat, and seasonal drought on leaf CO production and flux using automated twig chambers on mature Pinus halepensis trees grown under summer‐droughted and nondroughted (irrigated) conditions.
We found CO buildup in drought‐stressed tree leaves, with emissions linked to the heat‐controlled biogenic production of CO rather than to photodegradation. In irrigated trees, CO fluxes occurred through open stomata, whereas in droughted trees, CO buildup overcame stomatal closure to result in a flux.
The results support the role of CO in heat stress response and the likely mitigation of damage induced by reactive oxygen species. We highlight the need for further research into the mechanistic basis for CO flux from living plants.
Transforming CO2 into formic acid by integrated solar‐driven catalyst‐enzyme coupled artificial photosynthetic system
Authors: Singh Ankita , Yadav Rajesh K. , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Singh Chandani , Sharma Kanchan , Mishra Shaifali , Shahin Rehana , Singh Atul P. , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Baeg Jin‐Ook 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhoto‐biocatalyst coupled systems offer a promising approach for converting solar energy into valuable fuels. The bio‐integrated photocatalytic system sets a research benchmark by utilizing green energy for formic acid production, reducing CO₂ emissions, and enhancing selectivity through bio‐enzyme incorporation. This bio‐photocatalytic are promising solutions for environmental remediation and energy production. This research reports the synthesis and application of a novel metal‐free, nitrogen‐enriched graphene composite photocatalyst (NenGCTPP) for artificial photosynthesis. NenGCTPP was synthesized by covalently coupling tetraphenyl porphyrin tetracarboxylic acid (TPP) with N‐doped graphene via a polycondensation pathway. The photogenerated charge separation then facilitates the regeneration of enzymatically active coenzymes (NADH) for formic acid production catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase. The photocatalyst exhibited remarkable performance in photocatalytic regeneration of the coenzyme NADH from NAD+ with a high yield of 41.80%, as well as photocatalytic production of formic acid (HCO2H) as a solar fuel from CO2 with a yield of 99.12 μM. This innovative artificial photosynthetic system demonstrates an affordable, highly efficient, and selective approach for converting carbon dioxide into valuable solar fuels and regenerating NADH, addressing environmental concerns and contributing to sustainable energy solutions.
Quasi-Periodic Motions of a Gear Transmission System With Piecewise Linearities by the Incremental Harmonic Balance Method With Two Timescales
Authors: Liao F. L. , Huang J. L. , Zhu W. D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quasi-periodic motions can be numerically found in piecewise-linear systems, however, their characteristics have not been well understood. To illustrate this, an incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method with two timescales is extended in this work to analyze quasi-periodic motions of a non-smooth dynamic system, i.e., a gear transmission system with piecewise linearity stiffness. The gear transmission system is simplified to a four degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model by using a lumped mass method. Nonlinear governing equations of the gear transmission system are formulated by utilizing the Newton’s second law. The IHB method with two timescales applicable to piecewise-linear systems is employed to examine quasi-periodic motions of the gear transmission system whose Fourier spectra display uniformly spaced sideband frequencies around carrier frequencies. The Floquet theory is extended to analyze quasi-periodic solutions of piecewise-linear systems based on introduction of a small perturbation on a steady-state quasi-periodic solution of the gear transmission system with piecewise linearities. Comparison with numerical results calculated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method confirms that excellent accuracy of the IHB method with two timescales can be achieved with an appropriate number of harmonic terms.
Functional response of different life stages of predatory mite Blattisocius mali preying on acarid mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Authors: Jena Manoj Kumar , Michalska Katarzyna , Studnicki Marcin 
Published: January 2025

The ability of immature predators to consume prey is crucial in determining their potential to reach adulthood and their subsequent predatory and reproductive capabilities. This study aimed to determine the functional responses of different life stages of soil-dwelling predatory mite Blattisocius mali Oudemans (Acari: Mesostigmata) on the mould mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank (Acari: Acaridae). The larvae of B. mali were exposed to a prey density of 25 eggs. Whereas the protonymphs, deutonymphs, female, and male adults were exposed to varying prey densities ranging from 10 to 160 eggs. The B. mali larvae did not consume the prey (i.e., eggs). The mean number of eggs eaten by B. mali female adults was similar to deutonymphs at a prey density of 160 eggs and protonymphs at a density of 120 eggs. The protonymphs, deutonymphs, female, and male adults exhibited a Type III functional response. Among different life stages, the adult male had longer handling time, i.e., 0.018935 days indicating lower efficiency than the other life stages. Nevertheless, both nymphs and adults showed promise as effective biological control agents of T. putrescentiae.
Virus-host immune interaction in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers
Authors: Asigbee Theodore Worlanyo , Nakamura-Hoshi Midori , Kuse Nozomi , Ishii Hiroshi , Ishikawa Koichi , Kawana-Tachikawa Ai , Horibe Erika , Nakashima Makoto , Yamano Yoshihisa , Uchimaru Kaoru , Matano Tetsuro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces chronic long-term latent infection that can cause fatal diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia. HTLV-1 production is poor and undetectable during the asymptomatic phase of infection. Virus-host immune interaction in latent infection has not been fully determined. In the present study, virus-specific antibody and T-cell responses in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (
n
= 77) were investigated. Neutralizing antibody responses were significantly higher in individuals with higher anti-Env SU (gp46) antibody levels and positively correlated with proviral loads. Overnight
ex vivo
culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in detectable HTLV-1 Gag antigen (p19) expression in CD4
+
T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induction in CD8
+
T cells. Frequencies of these p19-expressing CD4
+
T cells and non-specific IFN-γ-induced CD8
+
T cells were positively correlated with proviral loads, respectively. Tax-specific CD8
+
T-cell frequencies were not associated with proviral loads but inversely correlated with the ratios of p19-expressing CD4
+
T-cell frequencies to proviral loads, implying the involvement of Tax-specific CD8
+
T cells in the control of HTLV-1 replication. These results provide insights into the elucidation of the virus-host immune interaction in latent HTLV-1 infection.

IMPORTANCE

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause fatal diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia in humans after long-term asymptomatic infection. In asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, substantial proviruses are detectable in lymphocytes, and the association of a higher proviral load with a higher risk of disease progression has been observed. However, viral replication is controlled and HTLV-1 production is poor in asymptomatic carriers. Virus-host immune interaction during latent infection has not been fully determined. In the present study, virus-specific antibody and T-cell responses in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers were investigated. Neutralizing antibody responses were positively correlated with proviral loads. Tax-specific CD8
+
T-cell frequencies were not associated with proviral loads but inversely correlated with the ratios of p19-expressing CD4
+
T-cell frequencies to proviral loads, supporting the notion that Tax-specific CD8
+
T-cell responses play an important role in the control of HTLV-1 replication. These results provide insights into the mechanism of virus-host immune interaction in latent HTLV-1 infection.
Barriers and enablers of access to diabetes eye care in Auckland, New Zealand: a qualitative study
Authors: Silwal Pushkar Raj , Pirouzi Maryam , Murphy Rinki , Harwood Matire , Grey Corina , Squirrell David , Ramke Jacqueline 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo explore the barriers and enablers to accessing diabetes eye care services among adults in Auckland.DesignThis was a qualitative study that used semistructured interviews. We performed a thematic analysis and described the main barriers and enablers to accessing services using the Theoretical Domains Framework.SettingThe study took place in two of the three public funding and planning agencies that provide primary and secondary health services in Auckland, the largest city in Aotearoa New Zealand.ParticipantsThirty people with diabetes in Auckland who had experienced interrupted diabetes eye care, having missed at least one appointment or being discharged back to their general practitioner after missing several appointments.ResultsWe identified barriers and enablers experienced by our predominantly Pacific and Māori participants that aligned with 7 (of the 14) domains in the Theoretical Domains Framework. The most reported barriers were transport issues, lack of awareness regarding the importance of retinal screening, time constraints, limited and/or inflexible appointment times and competing family commitments. Enablers included positive interactions with healthcare providers and timely appointment notifications and reminders.ConclusionsDiabetes eye services could be made more responsive by addressing systemic barriers such as service location and transport links, appointment availability and meaningful information to aid understanding.
Evaluation of the protective efficacy of OlysetPlus ceiling nets for reduction of malaria incidence in children in Homa Bay County, Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled study protocol
Authors: Ko Yura K , Kagaya Wataru , Omondi Protus , Musyoka Kelvin B , Okai Takatsugu , Chan Chim W , Kongere James , Opiyo Victor , Oginga Jared , Mungai Samuel , Kanoi Bernard N , Kanamori Mariko , Yoneoka Daisuke ,   Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Keitany Kibor K , Songok Elijah , Okomo Gordon Odhiambo , Minakawa Noboru , Gitaka Jesse , Kaneko Akira 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionMalaria is still a major health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where 98% of global malaria mortality occurs. In addition, the spread ofPlasmodium falciparumwith partial artemisinin resistance in East Africa and beyond is a great concern. The establishment of more effective vector control, in addition to the current long-lasting insecticide-treated net distribution programme, is an urgent task in these areas. One novel vector control candidate is the pyrethroid-PBO ceiling nets (OlysetPlus ceiling nets) which can overcome the problems of variations in net use behaviours and metabolic resistance to insecticide in vectors. Our preliminary study suggests the protective efficacy and high acceptability of this tool. With this proposed second trial, we aim to evaluate the impact of this tool in a different eco-epidemiological setting in the lake endemic region of Kenya.MethodsA cluster-randomised controlled trial is designed to evaluate the impact of pyrethroid-PBO ceiling nets in Ndhiwa Sub-County, Homa Bay County, Kenya. A total of 44 clusters will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention group (pyrethroid-PBO ceiling nets) and the control group. The assignment will be accomplished through covariate-constrained randomisation of clusters. For the primary outcome of clinical malaria incidence, 38 children from each cluster will be enrolled in a cohort and followed for 18 months. We will also evaluate the effects of the intervention on entomological indicators as well as its acceptance by communities and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals were provided by the Mount Kenya University Institutional Scientific Ethics Review Committee and the Ethics Committee Osaka Metropolitan University. Study results will be shared with study participants and communities, the Homa Bay County government and the Kenya National Malaria Control Programme. Results will also be disseminated through publications, conferences and workshops to help the development of novel malaria control strategies in other malaria-endemic countries.Trial registration numberUMIN000053873.
Big Bang in dipole cosmology
Authors: Allahyari A. , Ebrahimian E. , Mondol R. , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We continue the study of dipole cosmology framework put forward in Krishnan et al. (JCAP 07:020, 2023), a beyond FLRW setting that has a preferred direction in the metric which may be associated with a cosmological tilt, a cosmic dipole. In this setup the shear and the tilt can be positive or negative given the dipole direction. We thoroughly analyze evolution of the universe in this setting, particularly focusing on the behaviour near the Big Bang (BB). We first analyze a single fluid model with a generic constant equation of state w. While details of the behavior near the BB depends on w and the other initial conditions, we find that when the shear is negative we have a shear dominated BB singularity, whereas for a positive shear we have a much milder singularity, the whimper singularity (Ellis and King in Commun Math Phys 38:119–156, 1974), at which the tilt blows up while curvature invariants remain finite. We then consider dipole

$$\Lambda $$

Λ

CDM model which besides the shear has two tilt parameters, one for radiation and one for the pressureless matter. For positive (negative) shear we again find whimper (curvature) singularity near the BB. Moreover, when the tilt parameters have opposite signs, the shear can change sign from negative to positive in the course of evolution of the Universe. We show that the relative tilt of the radiation and the matter generically remains sizable at late times.
First demonstration of a TES based cryogenic Li$$_2$$MoO$$_4$$ detector for neutrinoless double beta decay search
Authors: Bratrud G. , Chang C. L. , Chen R. , Cudmore E. , Figueroa-Feliciano E. , Hong Z. , Kennard K. T. , Lewis S. , Lisovenko M. , Mateo L. O. , Novati V. , Novosad V. , Oliveri E. , Ren R. , Scarpaci J. A. , Schmidt B. , Wang G. , Winslow L. , Yefremenko V. G. , Zhang J. , Baxter D. , Hollister M. , James C. , Lukens P. , Temples D. J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cryogenic calorimetric experiments to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (

$$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) are highly competitive, scalable and versatile in isotope. The largest planned detector array, CUPID, is comprised of about 1500 individual Li

$$_{2}$$

2

$$^{100}$$

100

MoO

$$_4$$

4

detector modules with a further scale up envisioned for a follow up experiment (CUPID-1T). In this article, we present a novel detector concept targeting this second stage with a low impedance TES based readout for the Li

$$_2$$

2

MoO

$$_4$$

4

absorber that is easily mass-produced and lends itself to a multiplexed readout. We present the detector design and results from a first prototype detector operated at the NEXUS shallow underground facility at Fermilab. The detector is a 2-cm-side cube with 21 g mass that is strongly thermally coupled to its readout chip to allow rise-times of

$$\sim $$

∼

0.5 ms. This design is more than one order of magnitude faster than present NTD based detectors and is hence expected to effectively mitigate backgrounds generated through the pile-up of two independent two neutrino decay events coinciding close in time. Together with a baseline resolution of 1.95 keV (FWHM) these performance parameters extrapolate to a background index from pile-up as low as

$$5\cdot 10^{-6}$$

5
·

10

-
6

counts/keV/kg/yr in CUPID size crystals. The detector was calibrated up to the MeV region showing sufficient dynamic range for

$$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

searches. In combination with a SuperCDMS HVeV detector this setup also allowed us to perform a precision measurement of the scintillation time constants of Li

$$_2$$

2

MoO

$$_4$$

4

, which showed a primary component with a fast O(20

$$\upmu $$

μ

s) time scale.
Thickness optimization of granular phosphor scintillators for use in low activity ionizing radiation spectrometers: the Gd2O2S:Tb theoretical paradigm
Authors: Kalyvas N. , Michail C. , Tseremoglou S. , Karali E. , Valais I. , Fountos G. , Kandarakis I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ionizing radiation energy characterization is used in various applications such as medical imaging, environmental measurements and for security purposes. In these applications the detector material type where the initial radiation absorption occurs should have high density to enhance radiation absorption and high secondary carriers yield so as to assure the maximum signal throughput to the electronics. Gd2O2S:Tb scintillator, also mentioned as phosphor has a decay time of 600 µs and that has been extensively studied as an X-ray imaging detector. The PenEasy software package was used to calculate the radiation absorption properties within the mass of the scintillator for different energies and thicknesses. The optical photon output was determined by the use of an analytical formula. The results were examined in the prospect of using Gd2O2S:Tb as part of a spectrometer. In addition, the same procedure was applied to a the faster Gd2O2S: (Pr,Ce,F) phosphor. It was found that for energies above 141 keV an optimum scintilllator thickness is that of 0.3 cm. By considering their corresponding decay time and sensitivity Gd2O2S:(Pr,Ce,F) was found a more effective choice that can detect radioactivity up to 67 kBq, while Gd2O2S:Tb may be a choice for detecting low energy radioisotopes in a low background environment.
Ischemic Conditioning Promotes Transneuronal Survival and Stroke Recovery via CD36-Mediated Efferocytosis
Authors: Ju Hyunwoo , Kim Il-Doo , Pavlova Ina , Mu Shang , Park Keun Woo , Minkler Joseph , Madkoor Ahmed , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaoman , Wu Zhuhao , Yang Jiwon , Febbraio Maria , Cave John W. , Cho Sunghee 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been implicated in cross-organ protection in cerebrovascular disease, including stroke. However, the lack of a consensus protocol and controversy over the clinical therapeutic outcomes of RIC suggest an inadequate mechanistic understanding of RIC. The current study identifies RIC-induced molecular and cellular events in the blood, which enhance long-term functional recovery in experimental cerebral ischemia.

METHODS:
Naive mice or mice subjected to transient ischemic stroke were randomly selected to receive sham conditioning or RIC in the hindlimb at 2 hours post-stroke. At 3 days post-stroke, monocyte composition in the blood was analyzed, and brain tissue was examined for monocyte-derived macrophage (Mφ), levels of efferocytosis, and CD36 expression. Mouse with a specific deletion of CD36 in monocytes/Mφs was used to establish the role of CD36 in RIC-mediated modulation of efferocytosis, transneuronal degeneration, and recovery following stroke.

RESULTS:

RIC applied 2 hours after stroke increased the entry of monocytes into the injured brain. In the postischemic brain, Mφ had increased levels of CD36 expression and efferocytosis. These changes in brain Mφ were derived from RIC-induced changes in circulating monocytes. In the blood, RIC increased CD36 expression in circulating monocytes and shifted monocytes to a proinflammatory Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex (LY6C)
High
state. Conditional deletion of CD36 in Mφ abrogated the RIC-induced monocyte shift in the blood and efferocytosis in the brain. During the recovery phase of stroke, RIC rescued the loss of the volume and of tyrosine hydroxylase+ neurons in substantia nigra and behavioral deficits in wild-type mice but not in mice with a specific deletion of CD36 in monocytes/Mφs.

CONCLUSIONS:
RIC induces a shift in monocytes to a proinflammatory state with elevated CD36 levels, and this is associated with CD36-dependent efferocytosis in Mφs that rescues delayed transneuronal degeneration in the postischemic brain and promotes stroke recovery. Together, these findings provide novel insight into our mechanistic understanding of how RIC improves poststroke recovery.