bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid modulates the ability of macrophages to participate in the induction of the angiogenic phenotype in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liss Cory , Fekete Mary Jo , Hasina Rifat , Lingen Mark W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAngiogenesis, an essential step in the development of neoplasia, is a complex process that involves the interaction of tumor cells with stromal cells. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) can participate in the induction of angiogenesis and are of prognostic value in some neoplasms. Specimens from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) often contain large numbers of TAMs. In addition, experimental evidence has demonstrated that HNSCC tumor cells can attract and activate macrophages to participate in the expression of the angiogenic phenotype. These findings suggest that antiangiogenic therapies for HNSCC must include strategies that will block the recruitment of macrophages into the tumor microenvironment. We investigated the ability of retinoic acid (RA) to modulate the ability of tumor cells to recruit and activate monocytes for participation in tumor angiogenesis. Owing to a decrease in the secretion of MCP‐1 and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), tumor cells treated with RA were unable to induce peripheral blood monocyte (PBM) chemotaxis. Also, as a result of the decrease in TGF‐β1 secretion, RA‐treated tumor cells were unable to activate macrophages for secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8). In addition to its affects on tumor cells, RA also directly altered the ability of monocytes to participate in the tumor angiogenesis process. PBM exposed to RA were unable to migrate toward inducers of PBM such as MCP‐1 and TGF‐β1. Finally, RA decreased the ability of tumor‐activated macrophages to secrete IL‐8 and VEGF. These data demonstrate alternative mechanisms by which RA may modulate angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, it underscores the necessity to develop antiangiogenic treatment protocols that can block each of the ways in which new blood vessel growth is induced in tumor microenvironments. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance evaluation of rubber dam projects of Bangladesh in irrigation development
Authors: Saleh Abul Fazal M. , Mondal M. Shahjahan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPerformance of the Bakkhali and Idgaon rubber dam projects of south‐eastern Bangladesh has been evaluated using some standard indicators, broadly classified into three groups: hydraulic, agricultural and socio‐economic. For the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the indicators, field measurements and a questionnaire survey were conducted during the 1998–99 irrigation season. Results of the analyses of hydraulic indicators showed that the relative water supply was adequate in the Bakkali project, but was inadequate in the Idgaon project. In both projects, water delivery performance was very low because target volumes were overestimated in the feasibility reports. The total water utilization in the Idgaon project was 28% lower compared to the Bakkhali project because of better management and deficit irrigation applied in the former. Agricultural performance, evaluated in terms of irrigated area, was very poor because of overestimation of the target command area in both projects, while the same evaluated in terms of crop yield and water productivity was satisfactory. Analyses of socio‐economic indicators showed that both the rubber dam projects were financially viable. A comparative capital and O&M cost analysis of different irrigation technologies has been carried out to ascertain the viability of rubber dam technology in irrigation development. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐linear error correction and the UK demand for broad money, 1878–1993
Authors: Teräsvirta Timo , Eliasson Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper we reconsider an error‐correction model of UK broad money demand by Ericsson, Hendry and Prestwich. Their model is non‐linear in both variables and parameters, and it can be viewed as an approximation to a smooth transition regression (STR) type specification. The corresponding STR model, when specified and estimated, fits the data better than the original model. Adopting a somewhat more general modelling approach leads to another STR model. This model variance dominates the other two, and the encompassing tests performed in this paper indicate that it is an improvement over the other two specifications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and efficient method for estimating the magnitude and precision of welfare changes: comment
Authors: Irvine Ian J. , Sims William A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA recent article (Breslaw and Smith, 1995) published in this journal provided an iterative numerical technique for computing the welfare effects of price changes. In this note we take issue with the application used to demonstrate this technique. In particular, we show that the demands used are inappropriate and that the authors incorrectly interpret the precision of the estimates of welfare change. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superiority of a functional leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test over the white blood cell count to discriminate between mild and significant inflammatory response in patients with acute bacterial infections
Authors: Rogowski Ori , Rotstein Rivka , Zeltzer David , Misgav Sarit , Justo Daniel , Avitzour Daniel , Mardi Tamar , Serov Jacob , Arber Nadir , Berliner Shlomo , Shapira Itzhak 
Published: September 2002

AbstractElectronic cell counters may underestimate the white blood cell count (WBCC) in the presence of aggregated leukocytes. In the present study we focused on the possibility of using a functional, as opposed to an anatomic, count to circumvent this eventual underestimation. A model of bacterial infection was used because of the importance of leukocytosis in the physician's clinical decision‐making process. There were 35 patients with low C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (0.5–4.9 mg/dL), 45 with intermediate (5–9.9 mg/dL), and 120 with relatively high (>10 mg/dL) CRP concentrations. A significant (P=0.008) difference was noted between the state of leukocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in the peripheral blood of individuals with low CRP concentrations (3.5%±4.3%) and those with high CRP concentrations (7.4%±8%), while there was no significant difference in the respective number of WBCs per cubic millimeter (cmm) (11,600 ± 5,500 and 14,000 ± 7,200, respectively). We raise the possibility that a functional test might be superior over an anatomic count in patients with acute bacterial infection and a significant acute phase response. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electric arc furnace applications in treatment of combustion residues and valorisation of industrial by‐products
Authors: Lebrun F , Marzouk H , Pasquini P 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAdvances in environmental legislation encourage local communities and manufacturers to optimise waste management. Solid wastes and by‐products previously usually stocked, or dumped, are now subjected to new environmental and economical constraints. During the last few years, work by EDF Research and Development has developed new thermal processes dedicated to valorisation of industrial products including incineration residues and urban wastes. These processes guarantee the valorisation of more than 99% of the initial mass of the waste, by vitrification or high temperature treatment associated with granulation or metal extraction. Use of the electric arc furnace, a reliable process, has been selected and specifically optimised to provide the main structure of these processes. Mass ratio, efficiencies and product quality results will indicate the process performance, and the cost treatment will be specified. Bottom ashes, fly ashes from incineration, metallurgy by‐products and effluent treatment sludge became new raw materials as a result of different applications, of the electric arc furnace.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Retention of trace elements using fly ash in a coal gasification flue gas
Authors: Díaz‐Somoano Mercedes , Martínez‐Tarazona M Rosa 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA fly ash sample was used as sorbent for trace element (As, Se, Cd and Zn) species at high temperatures in flue gases from coal gasification. The influence of temperature (550 and 750 °C) and gas composition (with and without H2S and HCl) on retention capacity was evaluated. It was concluded that this fly ash is an efficient sorbent for retaining As, Se, and Zn compounds in the gas phase from a coal gasification flue gas, retention capacities varying with temperature and gas composition.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Autocorrelation analysis of bone structure
Authors: Rotter M. , Berg A. , Langenberger H. , Grampp S. , Imhof H. , Moser E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe propose a method called spatial autocorrelation analysis (SACA) to determine the spatial anisotropy of the trabecular bone in order to investigate osteoporosis. For demonstrating the potential of SACA we first evaluate the method on rectangular, simulated test patterns as a simple model for the anisotropic pore structure of the bone. As a next step towards biomedical application, photographic reference images of human vertebral bone were investigated by SACA. Osteoporotic bone structure could be clearly differentiated from non‐osteoporotic sample images. Moreover, for demonstration of the applicability and potential of the method for in vivo characterization of osteoporosis, the microstructure of the human calcaneus was investigated by MR‐microimaging on a young healthy male subject and an osteoporotic female. The measurements were performed using a high‐field (3T) whole‐body MR tomograph equipped with a special, strong head gradient system. The signal was acquired with a surface coil mounted on an in‐house‐built device for convenient immobilization of the subject's foot. Using a 3D gradient echo sequence a resolution of 0.254 × 0.254 × 2.188 mm3 was achieved in vivo. Selected images were inverted, gradient corrected for the inhomogeneous but sensitive detection by the surface coil, and subsequently analyzed by SACA. The anisotropy of bone structure detected by SACA is a possible candidate for noninvasive determination of the osteoporotic status, potentially complementing standard bone mineral density measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:87–93. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clustering of nucleobases with alkali metals studied by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: implications for mechanisms of multistrand DNA stabilization
Authors: Koch Kim J. , Aggerholm Tenna , Nanita Sergio C. , Graham Cooks R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSelf‐clustering of the five common nucleobases was investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and shown to provide insight into the non‐covalent interactions between identical bases. Alkali and ammonium cations significantly increase self‐aggregation of the nucleobases and lead to the formation of uniquely stable magic number clusters. Sodium adducts of guanine, thymine and uracil preferentially take the form of tetrameric (quartet) clusters. This gas‐phase result correlates with previously reported solution‐phase data on sodium cation stabilized guanosine, thymine and uracil quartet structures believed to be responsible for telomere stabilization. In the presence of potassium, cesium or ammonium cations, pentameric magic number clusters are formed from thymine and uracil, while in solution the nucleoside isoguanosine yields clusters of this favored size. The formation of magic number metaclusters occurs for thymine and uracil in the presence of ammonium cations. These doubly charged 10‐ and 15‐mers are tentatively attributed to the formation of pentamer/ammonium cation/ pentamer sandwich structures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variant analysis and immunogenicity prediction of envelope gene of HCV strains from China
Authors: Cai Qian , Zhang XinXin , Tian LiFeng , Yuan Ming , Jin GenDi , Lu ZhiMeng 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe putative envelope protein E2 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most variable antigenic fragment in the whole viral genome and is responsible mainly for the large inter‐ and intra‐individual heterogeneity of the infecting virus. To analyze variation and immunogenicity of HCV envelope genes of HCV strains from China, the serum samples from 12 Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C from 10 cities of China were amplified, sequenced directly, and compared with international strains reported previously. Variant analysis and immunogenicity prediction were then carried out with computer programs. The results suggested that HCV envelope genes show diversity in the north and the south of China and that they vary among different genotypes. Therefore, the diversity among different genotypes and derived areas should be calculated for HCV vaccine design; simultaneously, domains characterized by the hydrophilicity and the conserved immunogenicity could be targeted, for example, the domain of aa434–444, aa408–414, aa449–462 in the envelope region and aa399–406 in HVR1. These data may hold the key for future development of HCV vaccine in China. J. Med. Virol. 67:490–500, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sero‐epidemiological patterns of epstein‐barr and herpes simplex (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2) viruses in England and Wales
Authors: Morris Marianne C. , Edmunds W. John , Hesketh Louise M. , Vyse Andrew J. , Miller Elizabeth , Morgan‐Capner Peter , Brown David W.G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim was to carry out a population‐based sero‐prevalence survey of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) across a wide age range in England and Wales and to identify any associations between EBV and herpes simplex virus types one and two (HSV‐1 and 2). Sera from an age‐stratified sample of 2,893 individuals, submitted for diagnostic purposes to 15 public health laboratories in England and Wales in 1994, were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to EBV. The samples had been tested previously for IgG antibody to HSV‐1 and HSV‐2. The serological profile of EBV was consistent with an endemic infection with peaks in transmission in those less than 5 years old and in young adults. An age adjusted analysis found a significant association between EBV and HSV‐1 seropositivity that is most likely explained by similarities in their mode of transmission. The very low seroprevalence of HSV‐2 in this sample complicated the comparisons of EBV and HSV‐1 with HSV‐2. Any associations were most likely explained by chance. Given the association between EBV and HSV‐1, it is likely that recently documented epidemiological changes in HSV‐1 also apply to EBV. Continuing surveillance of these herpes viruses is necessary as the predicted changes could have a significant public health impact, especially in the young adult population. J. Med. Virol. 67:522–527, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serological examination of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 in patients with coronary artery Disease
Authors: Ihira Masaru , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Ishii Junichi , Nomura Masanori , Hishida Hitoshi , Ohashi Masahiro , Enomoto Yoshihiko , Suga Sadao , Iida Keiji , Saito Yumiko , Nishiyama Yukihiro , Asano Yoshizo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFifty‐three (96%) of 55 patients with coronary artery stenosis were positive for serum anti‐HHV‐6 IgG, and 50 (91%) of these patients had anti‐HHV‐7 IgG. The number of cases sero‐positive for HHV‐6 and ‐7 in the 54 age matched control volunteers was 52 (96%) and 53 (98%), respectively. No statistical difference in the sero‐prevalence of the viruses existed between the patients and the control group. The mean geometric titer (log10) of anti‐HHV‐6 IgG in both the patients and controls were the same (1.4) (P = 0.845), whereas anti‐HHV‐7 titers were 1.4 and 1.5, respectively (P = 0.161). Ten (18%) of the 55 patients had anti‐HHV‐6 IgM; eight (15%) of the 54 control volunteers were also positive (P = 0.636). Three (5%) of the 55 patients had anti‐HHV‐7 IgM, whereas 3 (6%) of the 54 control volunteers had detectable serum antibody (P = 0.691). Forty‐seven of the 55 patients were examined by follow‐up angiographic evaluation to clarify the association between viral infection and restenosis following balloon angioplasty. Fifteen of these patients developed restenosis, as determined by angiography. The mean geometric titer (log10) of anti‐HHV‐6 IgG were 1.3 and 1.4 in patients with restenosis and those without restenosis, respectively (P = 0.724). The mean geometric titer (log10) of anti‐HHV‐7 IgG in patients with restenosis was not significantly higher (1.5) than in patients without restenosis (1.3) (P = 0.099). Three (20%) of the 15 patients affected by restenosis had anti‐HHV‐6 IgM; five (16%) of the 32 control patients also had the antibody (P = 0.965). One (7%) of the 15 patients with restenosis and 2 (6%) of the 32 patients without restenosis had anti‐HHV‐7 IgM (P = 0.558). The present study demonstrates that HHV‐6 and ‐7 reactivation is not associated with the establishment of coronary artery stenosis and restenosis following balloon angioplasty. J. Med. Virol. 67:534–537, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An approach for the calculation of magnetic field within square spiral inductors at low frequency
Authors: Ibrahim Noureddin M. , Kuhn William B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe magnetic field distribution within a square spiral inductor is investigated in this paper by summing closed‐form expressions for the fields from each segment. Plots illustrating the variation of the normally directed B‐field penetrating the surface of the spiral traces are then developed for a variety of perspectives. The expressions and insight gained represent an essential step in developing a detailed model of effects such as current crowding, which significantly limit the spiral's performance in practical circuits. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐range predictability of Zimbabwe summer rainfall
Authors: Unganai L. S. , Mason S. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe potential for long‐range prediction of Zimbabwe summer rainfall is investigated using an analysis of variance approach. It is assumed that the variance between seasons (inter‐annual variability) is made up of two components: the climate noise (intra‐seasonal variability) and signal (any variance above the noise). The magnitude of the climate noise is estimated by computing the variance of time‐averaged rainfall data based on a statistical model whose parameters are derived from observed daily values at each station. Results from the study indicate that up to approximately 70% of the total variance in Zimbabwe summer rainfall is potentially predictable at long range. Predictability is greatest during the last half of the rainy season, January to March, and much lower during October to December. The south section of the country shows relatively more predictability than the north. Comparisons between signal and noise are discussed in the context of long‐range predictability. The natural variability (noise) is proposed as a lower limit of the standard error of the estimate for any long‐range precipitation forecast for the country. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Measurement of aqueous glucose in a model anterior chamber using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lambert James L. , Morookian John Michael , Sirk Shannon J. , Borchert Mark S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMany laboratories have been developing techniques that might be applied toward a non‐invasive device that could optically measure aqueous humor glucose in the eye as a surrogate for blood glucose. We have configured a confocal Raman microscope that is capable of acquiring the Raman spectra of the aqueous humor in vivo. However, because of the potential for optical toxicity, a major design consideration is evaluating the tradeoff between the energy of exposure and measurement accuracy. Toward this end, we have developed a physical model of the anterior chamber in the eye for studying the feasibility of using a confocal Raman microscope for determining the concentration of glucose and other metabolites. The Raman spectrum of aqueous humor closely resembles the spectrum of its four primary Raman scatterers, (glucose, urea, lactate and ascorbate) mixed in normal saline. Aqueous mixtures of these analytes were placed under a contact lens resting on a quartz plate to form a physical model of the anterior chamber filled with aqueous humor. Calibration standards were prepared by non‐collinearly varying the measured concentrations of the analytes over a range of 0–13 times the mean physiological levels found in aqueous humor. A confocal microscope was used to acquire spectra using an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The accuracy to which the concentration with analytes could be optically measured was evaluated using the partial least‐squares (PLS) algorithm and spectral datasets collected using exposure energies of 75, 150, 300, 900, and 1800 mJ. The optimum standard error of prediction (SEP) obtained for glucose was 34.3 mg dl−1 (2.72% of full range) using a 12‐factor PLS model calculated using intensity‐normalized spectra acquired over a free spectral range of 400–1800 cm−1 with 900 mJ excitation energy. Clinically acceptable predictability (4.6%) was obtained with 300 mJ total excitation energy. Similar results were obtained for urea (SEP = 8.84 mg dl−1, 1.88%), ascorbate (SEP = 17.1 mg dl−1, 8.22%) and lactate (SEP = 82.9 mg dl−1, 7.59%) using 900 mJ exposure. Our results suggest that Raman spectroscopy may provide a feasible method of non‐invasive glucose measurement if ocular toxicity can be avoided. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural variations and reproducibility of in vivo near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of normal human skin
Authors: Knudsen L. , Johansson C. K. , Philipsen P. A. , Gniadecka M. , Wulf H. C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe examined variations of in vivo near‐infrared Fourier transform Raman spectra on healthy human skin. Diurnal and day‐to‐day variation, variation between persons, variation between different spots in the same body region and variation in spectra obtained on the same spot was studied in 13 volunteers. In 140 volunteers we examined variations in Raman spectra caused by skin pigmentation. In our spectral analysis we concentrated on the wavenumbers and relative intensities of the water band around 3250 cm−1, the amide I and amide III bands in the regions around 1645–1680 and 1230–1300 cm−1, respectively, and on the wavenumbers of the strong bands at 1450 and 2940 cm−1 that were used as reference bands. The results showed a diurnal variation and interpersonal variation in relative water intensity. In relative amide I intensity there was a variation between persons and between repeated measurements on the same spot. Between persons the variation might arise from different hydration of proteins, but it is difficult to explain why this variation is seen when repeated measurements are made on the same spot. Day‐to‐day variations were seen in the relative amide III intensity. Variations in amide III band wavenumbers were seen between persons, probably because of different collagen structure. Pigmentation did not influence wavenumbers or intensities considerably, but a regression analysis showed a correlation between background height and pigmentation. The conclusion of our study is that Raman spectra obtained on healthy human skin are reproducible and show mostly small variations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.