bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared Loanword Recognition in German–English Bilinguals: The Role of Metrical Phonology
Authors: Fritz Isabella , Lahiri Aditi , Kotzor Sandra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The role of phonology in bilingual word recognition has focused on a phonemic level especially in the recognition of cognates. In this study, we examined differences in metrical structure to test whether first language (L1) metrical structure influences the processing of second language (L2) words. For that, we used words of Romance origin (e.g., reptile, signal), which both German and English have borrowed extensively. However, the existing metrical patterns are not identical nor are the borrowed vocabularies the same. Rather, those identical words differ systematically in their foot structure. We conducted a cross-modal form fragment priming EEG experiment (auditory–visual) with German native speakers who were highly proficient in English. Both behavioral and ERP results showed an effect of the native phonology and the loan status, that is, whether the loan exists only in the speaker's L2 or is shared across languages. Priming effects (RTs) were largest for nonshared loanwords indicating some interference from German (L1). This was also evident in a reduced N400 but only if the metrical structure aligned with German patterns for Germanic words, that is, two light syllables as in pigeon. If the words exist in both languages, metrical structure also mattered shown by the modulation of different ERP components across conditions. Overall, our study indicates that metrical phonology plays a role in loanword processing. Our data show that the more similar a word is in terms of its metrical phonology across L1 and L2, the more effortful the processing of a word within a priming paradigm indicating interference from the L1 phonology.
Toward the Seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca: The Writings and Ideology of Juhaymān al-ʿUtaybī and the Ikhwān
Authors: Bunzel Cole M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article seeks to explain how the pietist movement led by Juhaymān al-ʿUtaybī culminated in the seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca in November 1979, a pivotal event in the history of modern Saudi Arabia that contributed to the increasingly conservative orientation of Saudi policy in subsequent decades. It assesses the distinct ideology espoused by Juhaymān and his followers by examining the series of writings issued by the group in the year and a half leading up to the mosque takeover. The article provides the first comprehensive survey of these rasāʾil, focusing on the three most salient themes therein: (1) the appeal to the Wahhābī heritage, (2) the rejection of Saudi royal family rule, and (3) apocalypticism. While all three were critical components of Juhaymān’s ideology, it was his apocalyptic convictions—spelled out here in detail for the first time—that led him and his followers to stage the takeover of the Grand Mosque. The event was therefore not a “rebellion” or “uprising” in any mundane sense. The list of political demands allegedly issued by one of the militants on the first day of the mosque takeover is shown to have been almost certainly a fabrication.
Egypt: Recent Developments in Arbitration
Authors: Abdel Wahab Mohamed S. , Khaled Noha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This Article tackles two main streamlines. Firstly, the legislative updates pertaining to international arbitration within the jurisdiction. These consist in the following: (i) the establishment of a committee to work on a proposal for the amendment of the Egyptian Arbitration Law, within a limited scope of amendments; and (ii) the amendments to Prime Ministerial Decree No. 1062 of 2019 expanding the scope of review of the High Committee for Arbitration and International Disputes, by virtue of Prime Ministerial Decrees No. 2592 of 2020 and No. 3218 of 2022. Secondly, the case law updates where Egyptian courts have addressed various issues proving that the Egyptian judiciary is an arbitration-friendly seat and in alignment with international arbitration trends. Among the cited case law updates, the Egyptian Court of Cassation has expressly cited the IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration (2014), for the first time ever, when addressing the duty of disclosure of an arbitrator. The Court of Cassation has also set the conditions that require to be fulfilled if an arbitrator abstains from signing the arbitral award and has set definitions for deliberations and dissenting opinions. The Cairo Court of Appeal has considered the arbitrators’ illness of COVID-19 as a force majeure event that interrupts the arbitration proceedings by the force of law and held that WhatsApp instant messaging constitutes a valid means of communication in arbitral proceedings as long as the fundamental principles of arbitration are observed.
Ethical issues experienced by nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic review
Authors: Oh Younjae , Gastmans Chris 
Published: October 2023

Background Frontline nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 work in stressful environments, and many inevitably struggle with unanticipated ethical issues. Little is known about the unique, ethically sensitive issues that nurses faced when caring for patients with COVID-19. Aim To better understand how frontline nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 experience ethical issues towards others and themselves. Methods Systematic review of qualitative evidence carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses on ethical literature (PRISMA-Ethics). The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Philosopher's Index, and Scopus were queried to identify candidate articles. Articles appearing from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were considered if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Published qualitative and mixed method studies and (2) ethical issues experienced by nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. We appraised the quality of included studies, and data analysis was guided by QUAGOL principles. Findings Twenty-six studies meeting our inclusion criteria for how nurses experience ethical issues were characterised by two key themes: (1) the moral character of nurses as a willingness to respond to the vulnerability of human beings and (2) ethical issues nurses acted as barriers sometimes, impeding them from responding to requests of vulnerable human beings for dignified care. Conclusion Our review provides a deeper understanding of nurses’ experiences of ethically sensitive issues, while also highlighting the critical need for adjustments to be made at organisational and societal levels. Ethical issues that emerged in situations where organisational and situational constraints impeded nurses' ethical responses to patients’ appeals suggests that early practical support should be made available to resolve ethical issues recognised by nurses. Such support contributes to protecting and promoting not only the dignity of patients with COVID-19 but also of fellow humans in need during crisis.
Spontaneous expulsive choroidal hemorrhage in an elderly female with microbial keratitis
Authors: Dhoot Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Purpose To report spontaneous choroidal hemorrhage with the expulsion of intraocular contents in an elderly female as a complication of microbial keratitis. Methods Retrospective case report along with imaging. Results A 60-year-old female on treatment for microbial keratitis, presented with protrusion of intraocular contents and no perception of light in the right eye. Ophthalmic ultrasound demonstrated choroidal hemorrhage with coexistent retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. She underwent uneventful evisceration for her condition. Conclusion Microbial keratitis needs aggressive medical treatment to prevent associated stromal infiltration and corneal weakening. In cases of microbial keratitis, if spontaneous choroidal hemorrhage occurs, due to thinning of the cornea and compromised integrity of the eyeball, it can lead to the complete expulsion of intraocular contents with unsalvageable loss of vision.
Real-World Survival and Treatment Regimens Across First- to Third-Line Treatment for Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Celik Alan , Berg Tobias , Jensen Maj-Britt , Jakobsen Erik , Nielsen Hanne Melgaard , Kümler Iben , Glavicic Vesna , Jensen Jeanette Dupont , Knoop Ann 
Published: October 2023

Background: Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival. Currently, the literature lacks comprehensive real-world evidence on locally recurrent and mTNBC patients. To validate the optimal treatment for patients with mTNBC, real-world evidence in combination with data from clinical trials must be evaluated as complementary. Objectives: The objective of the study is to examine outcomes and treatment patterns of patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) utilizing real-world data of patients from all oncology sites across Denmark. Design: This is a retrospective, non-interventional, multi-site, population-based observational study conducted across all oncology departments in Denmark. Methods: We included all women diagnosed with metastatic or locally recurrent TNBC from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, using the national Danish Breast Cancer Group database. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in the first to third treatment line. Results: The study included 243 women diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent TNBC. The median OS (mOS) was 11.6 months after the first line of treatment, 6.5 months after the second line, and 6.5 months after the third line. De novo mTNBC was associated with shorter OS (mOS: 8.3 vs 14.2 months), and those with a relapse within 18 months of primary diagnosis had shorter OS than those with a relapse after 18 months (mOS: 10.0 vs 18.2). In the first line, taxane was the preferred choice of treatment for patients with de novo mTNBC, whereas capecitabine was preferred for patients with recurrent TNBC. Conclusions: This real-world, nationwide study demonstrated poor OS among patients with metastatic or recurrent TNBC, with a mOS of 11.6 months (95% CI, 9.9-17.3). Patients who presented with de novo mTNBC or who had a relapse of their breast cancer within 18 months of primary diagnosis had shorter OS. Registration The study was registered and approved by the Danish Capital Regions research overview (P-2021-605).
Real-world treatment outcomes and safety of natalizumab in Finnish multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Verkkoniemi-Ahola Auli , Hartikainen Päivi , Hassi Katja , Kuusisto Hanna , Lahdenperä Sanni , Mehtälä Juha , Viitala Matias , Ylisaukko-oja Tero , Soilu-Hänninen Merja 
Published: October 2023

Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate long-term treatment persistence and safety of natalizumab in Finnish multiple sclerosis patients. The secondary objectives were to assess patient characteristics, use of natalizumab-related safety protocol, and treatment persistence in patients with different anti-John Cunningham virus antibody statuses (John Cunningham virus status). Materials & Methods All adult multiple sclerosis patients in the Finnish multiple sclerosis register who started natalizumab between 1/2006 and 12/2018 were included in this study and followed retrospectively until treatment discontinuation or end of follow-up (12/2019). Results In total, 850 patients were included. Median duration of natalizumab treatment was 7.8 years in John Cunningham virus negative ( n = 229) and 2.1 years in John Cunningham virus positive patients ( n = 115; p < 0.001). The most common cause for treatment discontinuation was John Cunningham virus positivity. After natalizumab discontinuation, patients who had a washout duration of less than 6 weeks had fewer relapses during the first 6 months ( p = 0.012) and 12 months ( p = 0.005) compared with patients who had a washout duration of over 6 weeks. During the median follow-up of 3.6 years, 76% of patients remained stable or improved on their Expanded Disability Status Scale. Conclusions Treatment persistence was very high among John Cunningham virus negative patients. The study supports long-term effectiveness of natalizumab and a washout duration of less than 6 weeks after discontinuation.
Clonal evolution dissection reveals that a high MSI2 level promotes chemoresistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Jingliao , Duan Yongjuan , Wu Peng , Chang Yanxia , Wang Yue , Hu Tianyuan , Liu Chao , Chen Xiaoyan , Zong Suyu , Chen Xiaoli , Wu Yangping , Jin Linlin , Lan Yang , Liu Xiaoming , Cheng Xuelian , Ding Feng , Li Tianyu , Chen Xiaojuan , Guo Ye , Chen Yumei , Yang Wenyu , Zhang Li , Zou Yao , Cheng Tao , Zhu Xiaofan , Zhang Yingchi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer with resistant clonal propagation in recurrence. We performed high-throughput droplet-based 5′ single-cell RNA with paired T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of paired diagnosis–relapse (Dx_Rel) T-ALL samples to dissect the clonal diversities. Two leukemic evolutionary patterns, “clonal shift” and “clonal drift” were unveiled. Targeted single-cell DNA sequencing of paired Dx_Rel T-ALL samples further corroborated the existence of the 2 contrasting clonal evolution patterns, revealing that dynamic transcriptional variation might cause the mutationally static clones to evolve chemotherapy resistance. Analysis of commonly enriched drifted gene signatures showed expression of the RNA-binding protein MSI2 was significantly upregulated in the persistent TCR clonotypes at relapse. Integrated in vitro and in vivo functional studies suggested that MSI2 contributed to the proliferation of T-ALL and promoted chemotherapy resistance through the posttranscriptional regulation of MYC, pinpointing MSI2 as an informative biomarker and novel therapeutic target in T-ALL.
E-cadherin/β-catenin expression is conserved in human and rat erythropoiesis and marks stress erythropoiesis
Authors: Krimpenfort Rosa A. , van der Meulen Santhe A. , Verhagen Han , Driessen Michel , Filonova Galina , Hoogenboezem Mark , van den Akker Emile , von Lindern Marieke , Nethe Micha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
E-cadherin is a crucial regulator of epithelial cell-to-cell adhesion and an established tumor suppressor. Aside epithelia, E-cadherin expression marks the erythroid cell lineage during human but not mouse hematopoiesis. However, the role of E-cadherin in human erythropoiesis remains unknown. Because rat erythropoiesis was postulated to reflect human erythropoiesis more closely than mouse erythropoiesis, we investigated E-cadherin expression in rat erythroid progenitors. E-cadherin expression is conserved within the erythroid lineage between rat and human. In response to anemia, erythroblasts in rat bone marrow (BM) upregulate E-cadherin as well as its binding partner β-catenin. CRISPR/Cas9–mediated knock out of E-cadherin revealed that E-cadherin expression is required to stabilize β-catenin in human and rat erythroblasts. Suppression of β-catenin degradation by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor CHIR99021 also enhances β-catenin stability in human erythroblasts but hampers erythroblast differentiation and survival. In contrast, direct activation of β-catenin signaling, using an inducible, stable β-catenin variant, does not perturb maturation or survival of human erythroblasts but rather enhances their differentiation. Although human erythroblasts do not respond to Wnt ligands and direct GSK3β inhibition even reduces their survival, we postulate that β-catenin stability and signaling is mostly controlled by E-cadherin in human and rat erythroblasts. In response to anemia, E-cadherin–driven upregulation and subsequent activation of β-catenin signaling may stimulate erythroblast differentiation to support stress erythropoiesis in the BM. Overall, we uncover E-cadherin/β-catenin expression to mark stress erythropoiesis in rat BM. This may provide further understanding of the underlying molecular regulation of stress erythropoiesis in the BM, which is currently poorly understood.
The mRNA-lncRNA landscape of multiple tissues uncovers key regulators and molecular pathways that underlie heterosis for feed intake and efficiency in laying chickens
Authors: Yuan Jingwei , Zhao Jinmeng , Sun Yanyan , Wang Yuanmei , Li Yunlei , Ni Aixin , Zong Yunhe , Ma Hui , Wang Panlin , Shi Lei , Chen Jilan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Heterosis is routinely exploited to improve animal performance. However, heterosis and its underlying molecular mechanism for feed intake and efficiency have been rarely explored in chickens. Feed efficiency continues to be an important breeding goal trait since feed accounts for 60 to 70% of the total production costs in poultry. Here, we profiled the mRNA-lncRNA landscape of 96 samples of the hypothalamus, liver and duodenum mucosa from White Leghorn (WL), Beijing-You chicken (YY), and their reciprocal crosses (WY and YW) to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of heterosis.

Results
We observed negative heterosis for both feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) in YW during the laying period from 43 to 46 weeks of age. Analysis of the global expression pattern showed that non-additivity was a major component of the inheritance of gene expression in the three tissues for YW but not for WY. The YW-specific non-additively expressed genes (YWG) and lncRNA (YWL) dominated the total number of non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA in the hypothalamus and duodenum mucosa. Enrichment analysis of YWG showed that mitochondria components and oxidation phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathways were shared among the three tissues. The OXPHOS pathway was enriched by target genes for YWL with non-additive inheritance of expression in the liver and duodenum mucosa. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed divergent co-expression modules associated with feed intake and RFI in the three tissues from WL, YW, and YY. Among the negatively related modules, the OXPHOS pathway was enriched by hub genes in the three tissues, which supports the critical role of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, protein quantification of ATP5I was highly consistent with ATP5I expression in the liver, which suggests that, in crossbred YW, non-additive gene expression is down-regulated and decreases ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in negative heterosis for feed intake and efficiency.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the hypothalamus, liver, and duodenum mucosa are key regulators of the negative heterosis for feed intake and RFI in layer chickens. These findings should facilitate the rational choice of suitable parents for producing crossbred chickens.
Association mapping in bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] reveals loci associated with agro-morphological traits
Authors: Uba Charles U. , Oselebe Happiness O. , Tesfaye Abush A. , Abtew Wosene G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are important for the acceleration of crop improvement through knowledge of marker-trait association (MTA). This report used DArT SNP markers to successfully perform GWAS on agro-morphological traits using 270 bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] landraces sourced from diverse origins. The study aimed to identify marker traits association for nine agronomic traits using GWAS and their candidate genes. The experiment was conducted at two different locations laid out in alpha lattice design. The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] reference genome (i.e. legume genome most closely related to bambara groundnut) assisted in the identification of candidate genes.

Results
The analyses showed that linkage disequilibrium was found to decay rapidly with an average genetic distance of 148 kb. The broadsense heritability was relatively high and ranged from 48.39% (terminal leaf length) to 79.39% (number of pods per plant). The GWAS identified a total of 27 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for the nine studied traits explaining 5.27% to 24.86% of phenotypic variations. Among studied traits, the highest number of MTAs was obtained from seed coat colour (6) followed by days to flowering (5), while the least is days to maturity (1), explaining 5.76% to 11.03%, 14.5% to 19.49%, and 11.66% phenotypic variations, respectively. Also, a total of 17 candidate genes were identified, varying in number for different traits; seed coat colour (6), days to flowering (3), terminal leaf length (2), terminal leaf width (2), number of seed per pod (2), pod width (1) and days to maturity (1).

Conclusion
These results revealed the prospect of GWAS in identification of SNP variations associated with agronomic traits in bambara groundnut. Also, its present new opportunity to explore GWAS and marker assisted strategies in breeding of bambara groundnut for acceleration of the crop improvement.
The insufficiency of recreational exercises in improving cardiovascular fitness: an investigation of ventricular systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrial mechanical functions
Authors: Akgümüş Alkame , Kurtoğlu Ahmet , Aydın Engin , Balun Ahmet , Çar Bekir , Eken Özgür , Aldhahi Monira I. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to compare the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic parameters and left atrial (LA) mechanical functions of individuals engaging in recreational sports and resistance exercises on a weekly basis.

Methods
A total of 43 male amateur athletes were included in this study, of which 24 performed resistance exercises (REs) (29.70 ± 8.74 year, weight: 81.70 ± 12.64 kg, height: 176.05 ± 7.73 cm, BMI: 27.64 ± 4.97 kg/m2), and 19 participated in recreational football training and were included in the recreational sports group (31.73 ± 6.82 year, weight: 86.00 ± 18.52 kg, height: 178.62 ± 4.95 cm, BMI: 25.55 ± 3.42 kg/m2). The exercises were standardized according to the weekly exercise frequency and volume. After recording the participants’ demographic information, the LV systolic and diastolic parameters and LA mechanical functions were measured using echocardiography (ECHO) and Tissue Doppler Imaging.

Results
Significant differences were observed in various cardiac parameters between the recreational sports group (REG) and resistance exercise Group (RSG). Specifically, the left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter, LV end diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), and stroke volume index were notably higher in the REG compared to the RSG (t = 2.804, p = .010, effect size (ES) = 2.10; t = 3.174, p = .003, ES = 0.98; t = 3.36, p = .002, ES = 1.02, respectively). Notably, the RSG exhibited higher values for LV mass index (LVMi) and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) than the REG (t = 2.843, p = .007, ES = 0.87; t = 2.517, p = .016, ES = 0.76) in terms of LV systolic and diastolic parameters. Regarding left atrial (LA) mechanics, the REG demonstrated increased LA total emptying volume index, LA maximum volume index, LA volume before systole measured at the onset of the p-wave index, and conduit volume index compared to RSG (t = 2.419, p = .020, ES = 0.75; t = 2.669, p = .011, ES = 0.81; t = 2.111, p = .041, ES = 0.64; t = 2.757, p = .009, ES = 0.84, respectively).

Conclusion
Our study revealed significant variations in LV and LA functions between REG and RSG. Our data suggest that REs led to substantial cardiac remodeling, altering myocardial structure and function. In contrast, the effect of recreational exercise on cardiac adaptation was less pronounced than that of resistance exercise. Consequently, we propose that individuals engaging in recreational exercise should consider modalities that impose higher cardiovascular demand for more effective cardiac conditioning.