bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital visualization in graduate transport phenomena
Authors: Rother Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of contour flood plots and color digital movies is investigated for teaching fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer at the first‐year graduate student level. The color visualizations are intended to not only stimulate curiosity but also encourage enthusiasm and determination in learning difficult material. Although there is a significant amount of finite‐difference material, the focus is on analytical solutions. In particular, the mathematical problems involve error functions and Fourier series, which generally prove uninteresting and unpopular. Students are encouraged to produce the visualizations themselves, in addition to being provided with digital results in various forms. Excel can be used to generate both the analytical and finite difference calculations, but Python or another computer language can be employed. While software, such as Matplotlib with Python, Gnuplot, or Tecplot, can create excellent contour flood plots, results from Excel are also good, and Powerpoint will produce movies from individual frames. Student response is positive, although quantifying their reaction is difficult based on the small class sizes. Not surprisingly, the use of color appeals to students and adds to their interest. In addition, students claim increased understanding with contour plots and movies, but the visualizations should be used in conjunction with more traditional graphs, perhaps augmented with consistent use of color. However, the impact on motivation due to color presentation is harder to establish. Interestingly, both graduate and senior undergraduate students showed about equal preference for the rainbow and viridis color palettes.
Scale‐up of electrochemical flow cell towards industrial CO2 reduction to potassium formate
Authors: Fink Arthur G. , Navarro‐Pardo Fabiola , Tavares Jason R. , Legrand Ulrich 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) presents a pathway to decarbonize the manufacturing industry by using clean electricity and CO2 as feedstocks instead of relying on fossil fuels. Although known for over 100 years, this technology has yet only been developed at bench‐top scale (1–100 cm2). In this manuscript, we report CO2 electroreduction to potassium formate (HCOOK) in a stack of two 1526‐cm2 three‐compartments electrochemical cells with gas diffusion electrode (GDE) cathodes. In this stack, we achieved over 60 % current selectivity towards HCOOK at current densities of 200 mA cm−2 and under cell voltages of ~4.0 V. We reached these performance metrics by tuning electrolyte composition and cell architecture. We also show that a minimum of +10‐14 kPa of pressure difference must be applied between gaseous and catholyte compartments to enable the CO2RR to take place. We emphasize the challenges associated with scaling‐up a CO2 electrochemical cell, specifically by demonstrating that optimal operation parameters are strongly correlated to cell architecture. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing CO2RR electrochemical cells to an industrial scale.
Experimental study of hydrophilic additives on filter cake permeability and filtrate losses
Authors: Abed Mohamad Ahmad , Rasaei Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the past few years, great emphasis has been placed on developing the water‐based mud system in drilling operations because its properties are suitable for the environment and it is a better choice than oil‐ and synthetic‐based muds. Despite research and development in this field, water‐based muds still have filtration issues that lead to drilling problems, and attempts must be continued in this regard. Therefore, this work aims to reduce the filtrate loss of water‐based mud by affecting the drilling cake and making the permeability as low as possible with enhanced properties that resist the filtration of the drilling fluid. Special care was taken to develop suitable mud rheological properties in terms of plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength compared to API standards. To this end, some hydrophilic materials were added to the mud, such as thinners (spersene and trisodium phosphate [TSP]) and some polymers (sodium silicate [SS] and poly acryl amide [PAA] (to compare with the basic mud. The results showed that using thinners and polymers without carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and baryte reduced filtrate loss and permeability by a small percentage. On the other hand, adding CMC and baryte to the four additives (spersene, TSP, SS, and PAA) each separately reduced the permeability by 66.1%, 67.7%, 74.1%, and 79%, and reduced filtrate loss by 50.1%, 51.4%, 55.3%, and 58.6%, respectively. It was concluded that adding PAA with CMC and baryte can effectively reduce filtrate losses due to its ability to provide a membrane of low permeability.
Energy harvester reliability study by Gaidai reliability method
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Sun Jiayao , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study validates a novel structural reliability method, particularly suitable for high‐dimensional green energy harvesting device dynamic systems, versus a well‐established bivariate statistical method, known to accurately predict two‐dimensional system extreme response contours. Classic reliability methods dealing with time series do not always have an advantage of dealing easily with dynamic system high dimensionality, along with complex cross‐correlations among different system components. Energy harvesters constitute an important part of modern offshore green energy engineering; hence, proper experimental study along with safety and reliability analysis are of practical design and engineering importance. To study the performance of galloping energy harvesters, a series of laboratory wind tunnel tests have been conducted, selecting different wind speeds. This study illustrates the usage of the advocated novel reliability method, by analyzing bivariate statistics of experimental galloping energy harvester's dynamics. The bivariate statistics was extracted from available experimental results, more specifically for the device's voltage‐force dataset. Advantage of the proposed methodology being that relatively short experimental data record may still yield meaningful design results, provided proper statistical methods have been applied. Safety and reliability are important engineering concerns for all kinds of green energy devices. In the case of measured device's structural response, an accurate prediction of system failure or damage probability is possible, as illustrated in this study. Distinctive advantage of advocated novel semi‐analytical reliability methodology being the fact that it can tackle dynamic systems with practically unlimited number of dimensions (or components), along with complex nonlinear cross‐correlations between different system key components.
“Within five seconds, I can already see the contradictions and the conflict with society”: Applying the normative conflict model to a collectivist society
Authors: Abboud Armaly Oriana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe normative conflict model of dissent predicts how group members will behave when experiencing conflict with the group on a normative basis, as a function of the extent to which they identify with their group. While strongly identified members will dissent and challenge prevailing norms because they have the group's interests in mind, weakly identified members will distance themselves because the group is not important to them. The normative conflict model has so far been empirically examined only in Western populations. The purpose of the present study is to apply the normative conflict model to a collectivist Arab society. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 28 young Arabs, graduates of one of the only alternative schools operating in Arab society in Israel. As students, they were exposed to liberal norms that were very different from the dominant norms in Arab society. The findings show that while dissent is the most common practice that the study participants adopt, some of them also distance themselves from society. As opposed to the model's prediction, those who distance themselves do care about their group and feel they belong to it. Findings also reveal that the severity of social sanctions imposed on dissenters motivates them to conform regardless of the conflict with society. The findings are discussed and interpreted in accordance with the normative conflict model. Further examination of the model in the context of additional non‐Western societies is needed.
Evolving topological order in the postnatal visceral pleura
Authors: Liu Betty S. , Ali Ali B. , Kwan Stacey P. , Pan Jennifer M. , Wagner Willi L. , Khalil Hassan A. , Chen Zi , Ackermann Maximilian , Mentzer Steven J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges in epithelial cell shape reflects optimal cell packing and the minimization of surface free energy, but also cell–cell interactions, cell proliferation, and cytoskeletal rearrangements.ResultsHere, we studied the structure of the rat pleura in the first 15 days after birth. After pleural isolation and image segmentation, the analysis demonstrated a progression of epithelial order from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P15. The cells with the largest surface area and greatest shape variability were observed at P1. In contrast, the cells with the smallest surface area and most shape consistency were observed at P15. A comparison of polygonal cell geometries demonstrated progressive optimization with an increase in the number of hexagons (six‐sided) as well as five‐sided and seven‐sided polygons. Analysis of the epithelial organization with Voronoi tessellations and graphlet motif frequencies demonstrated a developmental path strikingly distinct from mathematical and natural reference paths. Graph Theory analysis of cell connectivity demonstrated a progressive decrease in network heterogeneity and clustering coefficient from P1 to P15.ConclusionsWe conclude that the rat pleura undergoes a striking change in pleural structure from P1 to P15. Further, a geometric and network‐based approach can provide a quantitative characterization of these developmental changes.
Multivariate nearest‐neighbors Gaussian processes with random covariance matrices
Authors: Grenier Isabelle , Sansó Bruno , Matthews Jessica L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe propose a non‐stationary spatial model based on a normal‐inverse‐Wishart framework, conditioning on a set of nearest‐neighbors. The model, called nearest‐neighbor Gaussian process with random covariance matrices is developed for both univariate and multivariate spatial settings and allows for fully flexible covariance structures that impose no stationarity or isotropic restrictions. In addition, the model can handle duplicate observations and missing data. We consider an approach based on integrating out the spatial random effects that allows fast inference for the model parameters. We also consider a full hierarchical approach that leverages the sparse structures induced by the model to perform fast Monte Carlo computations. Strong computational efficiency is achieved by leveraging the adaptive localized structure of the model that allows for a high level of parallelization. We illustrate the performance of the model with univariate and bivariate simulations, as well as with observations from two stationary satellites consisting of albedo measurements.
Reliability weight‐based extended puncturing mechanism for polar codes using translation shift
Authors: Ali Yasir , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article proposes an extended version of the enhanced puncturing mechanism for polar codes of limited lengths based on the translation shift of the channel indices coordinates, which is determined by introducing a new parameter known as reliability weight. It has been found that the message log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) gets influenced during transmission. This influence can be measured in terms of the reliability magnitude of the LLR messages by the path under consideration. Our work analyzes this correlation as a scaling technique for the reliability measurement of LLR values evaluated through the straight path phenomenon over the decoder tree traversing, providing a base for translating channel coordinates in Euclidean space. Further, we presented a reliable nearest coordinate shifting algorithm for puncturing the least reliable bits taken from a fixed information set, which maximizes the gap between reliable and unreliable bits. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed algorithm enhances the puncturing of unreliable channel coordinates by widening the gap between reliable and unreliable bits and has the lowest hardware complexity.
Spatiotemporal correlation and joint coverage probability in ultra‐dense mobile networks
Authors: Li Zhuoyang , He Yuan , Yi Di , Lv Jingyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the existing literature, for the spatial‐temporal characteristic of ultra‐dense network performances, the joint coverage probability is used to measure the correlation between different links or time‐slots due to channel and topological stability. However, the time‐variation introduces randomness and decreases correlation temporally and spatially due to user mobility, path‐loss and channel fading. In this paper, the expression of the joint coverage probability is derived to simultaneously analyze the effect of correlation and fluctuation among different time‐slots in ultra‐dense mobile networks by stochastic geometry. Specifically, the typical user moves out of the transmission range of the base station with handoff skipping and traditional handoff. In addition, the distance variation caused by the user's movement is considered in the analysis of the temporal correlation and the joint coverage probability. Simulation shows that the temporal correlation coefficient under handoff skipping is gradually greater than that under traditional handoff. The analytical results highlight the differences between the proposed network performance analysis and traditional analysis, validated through simulation.
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study to detect pharyngeal leak after total (pharyngo‐) laryngectomy: Retrospective assessment of a single‐institution protocol
Authors: Chabrillac Emilien , Baudel Lucile , Vergez Sébastien , Woisard Virginie , Farenc Jean‐Claude , Morisseau Mathilde , Dupret‐Bories Agnès 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single‐institution protocol of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) for the detection of pharyngeal leak (PL) and its usefulness to mitigate evolution into subsequent pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) after total (pharyngo‐) laryngectomy (TL).MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study was conducted between February 2014 and December 2022. We included all patients who underwent TL and performed a VFSS between Day 7 and Day 14 postoperatively to detect a subclinical PL.ResultsTwo‐hundred and forty‐eight patients met the inclusion criteria. Among the 186 patients (75%) with a negative VFSS, 11 patients (5.9%) developed a secondary PCF after oral intake resumption (false negative of VFSS). Among the 62 patients (25%) with a positive VFSS, the occurrence of a PCF was avoided in 59.7% of cases.ConclusionThis study showed a good effectiveness of VFSS in the detection of PL after TL, alongside a usefulness to mitigate evolution into subsequent PCF.
Alterations in Reserve Bilirubin Binding Capacity of Albumin by Free Fatty Acids. II. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Using Difference Spectroscopy
Authors: Whitington Peter F. , Burckart Gilbert J. , Gross Sharon R. , Korones Sheldon B. , Helms Richard A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on reserve bilirubin binding capacity of solutions of human serum albumin (Alb) were determined in vitro using difference spectroscopy. Additionally, sera from 15 infants requiring parenteral nutrition were obtained before, during, and after the administration of a 1.0 g/kg intravenous dose of safflower oil emulsion, and determinations of FFA/Alb molar ratios and reserve bilirobin binding capacities were made for in vivo confirmation. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that increasing the linoleic acid/Alb molar ratio from 0 to 3.5 produced a 37% increase in binding capacity, but further increases to 9 ultimately resulted in a 32% decrease. Similar results were obtained using Alb at pH 7.4 and using defatted whole human serum. Using salicylate to block secondary binding sites demonstrated that linoleic acid enhanced binding at primary sites. In contrast to linoleic acid, octanoic acid did not alter binding at primary sites but lowered total binding capacity when its concentration exceeded 2.5 times that of the Alb in the sample. The in vivo measurements demonstrated that the total reserve bilirubin binding capacity dropped to 30% below base line only when the FFA/Alb molar ratio was greater than 7:1. Increases in total reserve bilirubin binding capacity above 30% over base line occurred in the range of FFA/Alb molar ratios of 1.6:4.0. Binding at primary sites was enhanced in a like manner at moderate FFA concentrations and did not fall below base line even at very high concentrations. These data support the concept of a positive cooperative binding effect between fatty acids and bilirubin at moderate fatty acid/Alb molar ratios and reconfirm the negative effect of fatty acids on bilirubin binding at high molar ratios. These data suggest that hyperbilirubinemic infants may be offered the nutritional benefits of intravenous safflower oil emulsion without additional risk of kernicterus as long as the FFA/Alb molar ratio is kept below 4 or the reserve bilirubin binding capacity is not decreased.
Prolonged Constant Rate Elemental Enteral Nutrition in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Navarro J. , Vargas J. , Cezard J. P. , Charritat J. L. , Polonovski C. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryConstant rate enteral nutrition (CREN) has been used in 17 pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. Exclusive CREN was maintained from 2 to 7 months and progressively reduced to assure fractioned oral intakes from 12 to 22 months. From this preliminary study, CREN appeared to be as effective as steroid therapy in initiating remission of active Crohn's disease and was able to suppress steroid dependence. In some cases with prolonged CREN, reduction or disappearance of stenotic lesions of the bowel was observed. Two other positive points must be emphasized: the favorable psychological impact of the method and the ability to avoid growth suppression secondary to steroids. The long‐term effects and longer remissions must be confirmed by a multicenter study in a larger group of patients.
Gastric Acid Hypersecretion in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Cox Kenneth L. , Isenberg J. Nevin , Ament Marvin E. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIncreased basal and/or pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric acid secretion was observed in 31 of 40 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients as compared to 13 age‐matched control volunteers. Fasting serum gastrin level for 20 CF patients of 67.7 ± 11.1 pg/ml (ranging from 10 to 145 pg/ml) was normal. Mealstimulated serum gastrin concentrations were not significantly higher for seven CF patients as compared to nine normal subjects. In a rat bioassay, serum extracts from six CF patients produced gastric acid secretion comparable to 250 ng/ml of pentagastrin; significantly (p < 0.01) greater than the responses produced by serum extracts from six normal subjects. There was no significant correlation of severity of pulmonary disease or steatorrhea with acid secretory results. Fourteen of 16 CF patients biopsied had evidence of proximal small intestinal injury which correlated with basal acid output elevation. Gastric acid hypersecretion in CF patients is due to nongastrin secretagogues and is a cause of proximal small intestinal injury.
In Vivo Absorption of Pancreatic Ribonuclease from the Small Intestine of Young and Mature Rats
Authors: Urban Ernest , Zingery Amy Ahrens 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIt has been postulated that exocrine pancreatic enzymes may undergo an enteropancreatic recirculation as a mechanism for the conservation of digestive enzymes. Exocrine pancreatic secretions contain considerable amounts of ribonuclease (RNase), Therefore we examined the absorption of RNase from the small bowel of 4‐week and 10‐week‐old rats by measuring concentration changes of the substrate in portal blood after instilling RNase into in vivo, in situ intestinal loops. Unphysiologically high intestinal luminal RNase concentrations were required for sufficient RNase to cross the mucosal barrier and raise portal vein blood RNase levels. A gradient of 1,000:1 existed between intestinal lumen and portal vein blood RNase concentrations in the 4‐week‐old rats. The gradient was 10 times greater in the mature animals. No significant differences in luminal absorption of RNase from duodenum or ileum were detected. The data indicate that RNase penetrates the intestinal mucosa in vivo but that only small amounts are absorbed. Therefore if an enteropancreatic recirculation of exocrine pancreatic RNase exists in the rat, only neglible quantities of RNase are included in such a recirculation.
Intestinal Absorption of IgA in the Newborn
Authors: Vukavic Tamara 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe aim of this study was to establish whether or not the newborn can absorb IgA from colostrum, using two feeding regimens. Single radial immunodiffusion on commercial Behring plates was used for IgA quantitation. In group A, 30 mature newborn infants born by vaginal delivery and fully breast fed, cord serum IgA concentration was 0.0990 ± 0.0294 mg/ml ( ± SEM). IgA was detectable in 9 of 30 infants. On the 3rd day of life, IgA concentration in serum was 0.3610 ± 0.0194 mg/ml ( ± SEM). It was detectable in all 30 infants; on the 5th day of life, its concentration was 0.4293 ± 0.0365 mg/ml ( ± SEM). In group B, 39 newborn infants born by cesarean section and fed boiled human milk exclusively, IgA was not detected either in cord, or in venous blood on the 3rd and 5th day of life. The rise of serum IgA in breast‐fed newborn infants, highly significant from the 1st to the 3rd day of life (p < 0.0001), and its increase between the 3rd and 5th day, although not significant, was in distinct contrast to the undetectable serum IgA in newborn infants fed boiled human milk. These data strongly suggest that IgA absorption from colostrum occurs at least until the 3rd day of life.
Trace Mineral Balances in Preterm Infants Fed Their Own Mother's Milk
Authors: Mendelson R. A. , Bryan M. H. , Anderson G. H. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBalance studies were conducted on preterm infants (birthweight, 1,500 g or less) fed their own mother's milk or formula (SMA with iron®) to compare the relative adequacy of these sources for copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Urine and stools were collected for 72 h from infants aged 1, 2, or 4 weeks while they were fed milk or formula. Infants fed SMA 24 (but not SMA 20) received Cu, Fe, and Zn intakes within the recommended range. They did not, however, achieve estimated in utero retention rates for Fe, and were in negative Cu balance; they did approach in utero retention rates for Zn. Infants fed their own mother's milk received Cu and Zn, but not Fe, in recommended amounts. They achieved in utero retention rates for Cu at each age studied and approached the estimated in utero retention rates for Zn at 4 weeks, but they retained insufficient Fe throughout. Thus, neither the infant's own mother's milk nor this particular formula provides ideal amounts of all three minerals studied—Cu, Zn, and Fe—during the 1st month of life.