bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A great star falls’—cometology in Syriac language and literature
Authors: Rudolf Stefanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Syriac language has, among all the Aramaic varieties, by far the largest number of terms for ‘comet’ or ‘meteor’. Is there a simple explanation for this fact? The systematic investigation of Syriac technical terminology in the field of astral sciences addresses this question. Such a study also impacts three issues relevant to Semitic studies: (1) The question of the sources and languages the Syriac writers were able to access; (2) the linguistic strategies for the creation of neologisms; (3) the existence of a common Aramaic technical koiné (standard literary Aramaic). This article sets forth the terms for comets and meteors in Syriac as a representative selection of astral terminology, and investigates their value for the questions mentioned above. The two pillars of this investigation are the comparison of the literary genres in which this terminology surfaces with those of other Near Eastern literatures in which this terminology surfaces, and the linguistic analysis of these terms in Syriac.
Unconsummated marriage: a systematic review of etiological factors and clinical management
Authors: Krishnappa Pramod , Manfredi Celeste , Jayaramaiah Sneha , Ditonno Francesco , Matippa Prasanna , Shah Rupin , Moncada Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Unconsummated marriage (UCM) is the inability of the heterosexual married couple to have penovaginal sexual intercourse.

Aim
The study sought to systematically review current evidence regarding the etiological factors and clinical management of UCM.

Methods
A comprehensive bibliographic search on the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed in June 2023. Studies were selected if they described married couples who never had sexual intercourse in case report or case series evaluating the related causes and/or management and reporting data with qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods. The review was reported according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses) statement and registered in PROSPERO with ID CRD42023433040.

Results
A total of 27 studies including 1638 males and 1587 females were selected. Eight (29.6%) articles were case reports involving a single couple and 19 (70.4%) studies were case series. Mean Murad score was 4.1 (range, 1-8) showing low-intermediate overall study quality. All articles had a level of evidence of 4. Most of studies were conducted in Egypt (n = 5 [18.4%]), Israel (n = 4 [14.9%]), and the United States (n = 4 [14.9%]). The mean age of males and females varied between 24.2 and 37.6 years and from 21 to 27.4 years, respectively. The reasons for the medical visit that led to the diagnosis of UCM were inability to consummate in 23 (85.2%) studies, inability to conceive in 1 (3.7%) article, and mixed in 3 (11.1%) articles. The mean duration of UCM varied from 7 days to 3.5 years. Eight studies involving both men and women showed that vaginismus (8.4%-81%) and erectile dysfunction (10.5%-61%) were the most common causes of UCM. Three articles reported that 16.6% to 26% of all UCM cases were due to both male and female factors. Sildenafil, tadalafil, intracavernosal injection, penile plication, female genital reconstructive surgery, vaginal dilators, lubricants, psychosexual therapy, and sex education were the various treatment modalities in 27 studies to achieve consummation rate of 66.6% to 100%.

Strengths & Limitations
A strength is that this is the first systematic review covering the entire spectrum of UCM. Limitations comprised the low quality of most of the included articles and the large percentage of UCM cases probably not published.

Conclusion
Erectile dysfunction and vaginismus are the most reported causes of UCM; however, a strong psychological component certainly underlies a significant number of cases. A multidisciplinary approach based on strategic integration of sex education, medical therapy, psychosexual support, and surgical treatment would seem the most suitable option to manage couples with UCM.
Amelia B. Edwards and Romantic Egyptology
Authors: Bainbridge William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amelia B. Edwards (1831–1892) was renowned for her profound mastery of Egyptology, possessing a knowledge some said surpassed that of her male counterparts. Her archaeological endeavours in Egypt merged with a vivid narrative approach, evident in seminal works such as A Thousand Miles up the Nile (1877) and her captivating lectures across Britain and America. This harmonious blend of meticulous observation and romantic aesthetics not only carved her niche as a distinguished Egyptologist, but also heralded her as a forerunner in public history, adept at fusing erudite exploration with charming storytelling. Set against the tapestry of the Romantic era, Edwards forged a distinctive narrative, eschewing traditional academic boundaries to imbue her writings with heartfelt sentiment. This article delves into Edwards’ impact on Egyptology’s popularization: from her pivotal 1873 Egyptian sojourn, followed by her compelling lectures, to her personally curated Egyptian collection at home. With an adept fusion of artistic verve and academic rigour, Edwards bridged literature and archaeology. Her legacy signifies a refreshing deviation from orthodox methodologies, presenting a more immersive perspective on ancient Egypt. In stark contrast to the staid styles of her contemporary archaeological peers, she proclaimed herself the only romancer also versed in Egyptology, ardently championing a scientific discourse with broader appeal.
A new spider mite elicitor triggers plant defence and promotes resistance to herbivores
Authors: Cui Jia-Rong , Zhou Bin , Tang Yi-Jing , Zhou Jia-Yi , Ren Lu , Liu Fan , Hoffmann Ary A , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Herbivore-associated elicitors (HAEs) are active molecules produced by herbivorous insects. Recognition of HAEs by plants induces defence that resist herbivore attacks. We previously demonstrated that the tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi triggered defence in Nicotiana benthamiana. However, our knowledge of HAEs from T. evansi remains limited. Here, we characterize a novel HAE, Te16, from T. evansi and dissect its function in mite-plant interactions. We investigate the effects of Te16 on spider mites and plants by heterologous expression, virus-induced gene silencing assay, and RNA interference. Te16 induces cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, callose deposition, and jasmonate (JA)-related responses in N. benthamiana leaves. Te16-mediated cell death requires a calcium signalling pathway, cytoplasmic localization, the plant co-receptor BAK1, and the signalling components SGT1 and HSP90. The active region of Te16-induced cell death is located at amino acids 114–293. Moreover, silencing Te16 gene in T. evansi reduces spider mite survival and hatchability, but expressing Te16 in N. benthamiana leaves enhances plant resistance to herbivores. Finally, Te16 gene is specific to Tetranychidae species and is highly conserved in activating plant immunity. Our findings reveal a novel salivary protein produced by spider mites that elicits plant defence and resistance to insects, providing valuable clues for pest management.
Significant Mitigation of Blast Overpressure Exposure During Training by Adjustment of Body Position as Demonstrated With Field Data
Authors: Wiri Suthee , Wagner Christina , Longwell Jasmyne , Adams Tasha , Whitty Joshua , Massow Todd , Reid James , Dunbar Cyrus , Graves Wallace , Gonzales Andrea , Needham Charles E , Leonessa Fabio , Duckworth Josh L 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During training and deployment, service members (SMs) experience blast exposure, which may potentially negatively impact brain health in the short and long term. This article explores if blast exposure mitigation can be effectively achieved for four different weapon training scenarios that are being monitored as part of the CONQUER (COmbat and traiNing QUeryable Exposure/event Repository) program. The training scenarios considered here are a detonating cord linear (det linear) breaching charge, a water breaching charge, a shoulder-fired weapon, and a 120-mm mortar.

Materials and Methods
This article focuses on the efficacy of modification of position and standoff distance on SMs’ exposure to blast overpressure. Blast overpressure exposures were measured using BlackBox Biometrics (B3) Blast Gauge System (BGS) sensors worn by SMs during normal training. The BGS involves the use of three gauges/sensors, which are worn on the head, chest, and nondominant shoulder to record surface pressures at multiple locations on the SM. For the breaching charges, we compared the level of exposure when the SMs were directly in front of the blast with a breaching blanket to a modified standoff position around a corner from the charge without a breaching blanket. For the shoulder-fired weapon training, the modified approach simply increased the standoff distance of the SM. Finally, for mortars, blast overpressure exposures were compared for different levels of their ducking height (body position) below the mortar tube at the time of firing.

Results
Modification of the position of SMs during training with the det linear breaching charge had the highest measured blast exposure percent reduction, at 79%. Both the water breaching charge and shoulder-fired weapon showed lowered peak overpressures on all gauges. The measured percent reduction for the 120-mm mortar was 35%. When the blast gauges did not trigger at the modified standoff distance, the percent reduction was calculated with the assumption that the new overpressures were below ∼3.4 kPa (0.5 psi) (the lowest trigger threshold for the gauges). A figure summarizes the percent reduction for each subject in the training scenarios.

Conclusions
Results show that the modification of the SMs’ position effectively mitigated blast exposures for all considered weapon scenarios. There was at least a 50% overpressure reduction from the initial to modified standoff distances and a 35% reduction from the change in SM body posture. Based on these observations, new locations and body positioning of SMs during training have been suggested for blast mitigation.
A Comparison of Uniformed Services University and Health Professions Scholarship Program Graduates’ First Deployment Readiness
Authors: Cole Rebekah , Dong Ting , Rudinsky Sherri L , Tilley Laura , Reamy Brian V , Durning Steven J 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military physicians must be prepared to lead health care teams across complex landscapes of war during future small- and large-scale combat operations. This preparation optimally begins in medical school so that early career physicians are fully ready for their first deployment. Past qualitative research has suggested that military physicians who attended civilian medical school are not as well prepared for the operational environment as physicians who attended the Uniformed Services University (USU), our nation’s military medical school. However, there is a lack of larger-scale quantitative research comparing the readiness differences between the two medical school pathways. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to quantify any differences in first deployment preparation between students attending USU and civilian medical schools through the Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP).

Materials and Methods
We compared USU and HPSP graduates’ first deployment experiences by distributing a 14-item Likert survey to active duty military physicians in the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force who graduated within the past 10 years from medical school (USU or civilian).

Results
The USU graduates rated themselves significantly higher than the HPSP graduates on their readiness for deployment (3.83 vs. 3.24; P &lt; .001); ability to navigate the operational environment (3.59 vs. 2.99; P &lt; .001); confidence in communicating with their commanding officer (3.59 vs. 2.99; P = .002); navigating the combined role as physician and officer (3.33 vs. 2.84; P = .004); leading a health care team (3.94 vs. 3.43; P = .001); preparation by a medical school (3.78 vs. 2.52; P &lt; .001); and overall readiness compared to peers (4.20 vs. 3.49; P &lt; .001). There was no significant difference between the two pathways regarding their stress level at the beginning of deployment (2.74 vs. 2.68; P = .683); clinical preparation (3.94 vs. 3.76; P = .202); and success of first deployment (3.87 vs. 3.91; P = .792). The largest effect size of the difference between the two pathways was noted on the question “How well did medical school prepare you for your first deployment” (Cohen’s d = 1.02).

Conclusions
While both groups believed that they were prepared for their first deployment, USU graduates consistently reported being more prepared by medical school for their first deployment than HPSP graduates. To close this readiness gap, supplemental military unique curricula may help to optimize HPSP students’ readiness.
Nasal Decolonization in Congregant Settings: Reducing Infection Spread, Cutting Costs, and Improving Operational Readiness
Authors: Pollock Gale S 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
As an Army health care provider for nearly 40 years and former acting Surgeon General of the Army, I know well the critical needs to ensure troop medical readiness and to respond to changing environments. We must use all the tools available to promote the health and well-being of our military personnel. There is one tool we have yet to deploy which I believe we should. Incorporating nasal decolonization strategies in congregant settings using alcohol-based antiseptics, just as several military hospitals have done, is a cost-effective and clinically-proven solution to help mitigate the risk of infections.
The galaxy UV luminosity function at z ≃ 11 from a suite of public JWST ERS, ERO, and Cycle-1 programs
Authors: McLeod D J , Donnan C T , McLure R J , Dunlop J S , Magee D , Begley R , Carnall A C , Cullen F , Ellis R S , Hamadouche M L , Stanton T M 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a new determination of the evolving galaxy ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) over the redshift range 9.5 &lt; z &lt; 12.5 based on a wide-area (&gt;250 arcmin2) data set of JWST NIRCam near-infrared imaging assembled from 13 public JWST surveys. Our relatively large-area search allows us to uncover a sample of 61 robust z &gt; 9.5 candidates detected at ≥8σ, and hence place new constraints on the intermediate-to-bright end of the UV LF. When combined with our previous JWST + UltraVISTA results, this allows us to measure the form of the LF over a luminosity range corresponding to four magnitudes (M1500). At these early times we find that the galaxy UV LF is best described by a double power-law function, consistent with results obtained from recent ground-based and early JWST studies at similar redshifts. Our measurements provide further evidence for a relative lack of evolution at the bright-end of the UV LF at z = 9–11, but do favour a steep faint-end slope (α ≤ −2). The luminosity-weighted integral of our evolving UV LF provides further evidence for a gradual smooth (exponential) decline in co-moving star-formation rate density (ρSFR) at least out to z ≃ 12, with our determination of ρSFR(z = 11) lying significantly above the predictions of many theoretical models of galaxy evolution.
Scattered disc dynamics: the mapping approach
Authors: Hadden Sam , Tremaine Scott 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We derive, and discuss the properties of, a symplectic map for the dynamics of bodies on nearly parabolic orbits. The orbits are perturbed by a planet on a circular, coplanar orbit interior to the pericentre of the parabolic orbit. The map shows excellent agreement with direct numerical integrations and elucidates how the dynamics depends on perturber mass and pericentre distance. We also use the map to explore the onset of chaos, statistical descriptions of chaotic transport, and sticking in mean-motion resonances. We discuss implications of our mapping model for the dynamical evolution of the Solar system’s scattered disc and other highly eccentric trans-Neptunian objects.
The dietary acid load is associated with disease severity in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Öteleş Sümeyra , Ayan Gizem , Ekici Mustafa , Ünal Edibe , Bilgiç Pelin , Kalyoncu Umut 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
An acidogenic diet, by disrupting the blood pH equilibrium, can contribute to metabolic acidosis and lead to inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that dietary acid load (DAL) increases disease activity and inflammation in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients.

Methods
This study was conducted with 58 obese/overweight patients, aged 20–65 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-consecutive-day 24-hour recall. The DAL was evaluated through the PRAL (potential renal acid load) and NEAP (net endogenous acid production) and divided into the low and high groups by their median values. The disease activity assessments, anthropometric measurements, dietary data, and blood parameters of patients were recorded and compared at the low and high DAL groups.

Results
We observed that patients in the high NEAP and PRAL groups had worse PsA pattern scores (P &lt; 0.05). Also, PRAL and NEAP scores were positively associated with Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease-12 (PSAID-12) scores. After adjusting age, sex, smoking, and body mass index, 1 mEq increase in PRAL and NEAP was associated with an elevation of Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (0.506 and 0.486 points, respectively).

Conclusions
These results showed a close relationship between DAL and PsA symptoms. An acidogenic diet may negatively affect PsA prognosis. Healthy eating recommendations should be part of the management of the disease.
Importance of occupational support for NHS patients with mental illness
Authors: Kamau-Mitchell C , Lopes B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Unemployment is a structural inequality which raises the risk of premature deaths among people with mental illness.

Aims
This study examined whether UK National Health Service (NHS) patients with mental illness get support to find or keep a job because reducing unemployment rates can reduce the risk of premature mortality.

Methods
This study analysed recently released data from 54 NHS trusts which randomly sampled patients for a Care Quality Commission survey. This study assessed 11 001 working-age patients with mental illness, of whom 50% are long-term service users (6+ years).

Results
Perceived access to occupational support was poor with 46% of patients who wanted the support saying that they did not get help finding or returning to work. Perceived occupational support for physical co-morbidities needed improvement because 40% of patients with physical co-morbidities did not receive support for physical health needs. Twenty-five per cent said that medication side effects were not discussed, and 24% lacked medication follow-up although 87% of patients found medication beneficial to their mental health. Occupational support significantly benefited overall patient satisfaction to an equivalent extent as the main treatment (i.e. receiving medication and talking therapies), and it was a more consistent predictor of patient satisfaction than talking therapies.

Conclusions
Improved access to schemes which reduce unemployment among NHS patients with mental illness is needed (e.g. individual placement and support programmes), although limited availability might be due to funding constraints. As well as addressing unemployment, occupational support should address other risk factors for premature mortality, for example, poverty, stigma, discrimination and social exclusion.
Blastomycosis Endocarditis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Murillo Chavez Franco , Filippov Evgenii , Licandro Francesca , Sethi Vishal , Eilertson Brandon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We report successful treatment of a case of disseminated blastomycosis originating in the right lung, with involvement of the right pleural space, multiple ribs and vertebral bodies, and the pericardium and mitral valve endocarditis. The 22-year-old patient presented with a 13-month history of right lower lobe pneumonia associated with fevers, night sweats, rib pain, and 27-kg weight loss. Pathology examination revealed Blastomyces from multiple biopsies of inflammatory masses in the right thorax. After a 4-week induction with liposomal amphotericin followed by oral itraconazole, the patient had complete resolution of the clinical and laboratory findings of blastomycosis.
The Text, the Story, and Its Sources
Authors: Tesei Tommaso 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This first chapter describes the manuscript tradition of the Neṣḥānā d-Aleksandrōs, including the five extant manuscripts in which this work has been transmitted, and briefly delineates the relationship between Neṣḥānā and Syriac Alexander Romance in the manuscript tradition. The chapter presents the Alexander story as narrated in the Syriac work and describes the literary traditions that inspired the author in composing his narrative. The chapter describes earlier sources in which the two motifs of Alexander’s iron gate and of the people of Gog and Magog are certified. Finally, the chapter explores the geography behind the episode of Alexander’s gate, as this is an important element in determining the Syriac author’s historical and political context.
The Story of Alexander’s Gate and the Political Context of the Sixth Century
Authors: Tesei Tommaso 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that the author of the Neṣḥānā uses the episode of the eschatological gate erected by Alexander to address two major points of controversy between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires at the time of Justinian and Khosrow Anōshirvān: (1) their dispute over the control of the Caucasian mountain passes (traditionally identified as the semi-mythical Caspian Gates); and (2) the war between the two empires for the possession of the kingdom of Lazica. These disputes between the two rival empires provide the political framework for the author’s elaboration of the story of Alexander’s gate. The chapter relates the Neṣḥānā’s engagement with contemporary issues and broader political debates in the Byzantine world during the reign of Justinian, and points out that, while producing a unique representation of thorny political controversies, the Neṣḥānā d-Aleksandrōs reflects concerns and positions that are expressed in the works of several contemporary authors.