bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Las lámparas de vidrio y portamechas localizados en contextos cristianos (siglos V-VII): los casos de Barcelona (Barcino) y Terrassa (Egara)
Authors: Beltrán de Heredia Bercero Julia , Garcia Llinares M. Gemma 
Published: December 2023

En este artículo presentamos algunos testimonios arqueológicos de lámparas de vidrio y portamechas localizados en contextos de los siglos V-VII, en el grupo episcopal de Barcelona y en el de Egara (Terrassa). Asimismo, se aborda el significado que tenían las lámparas y la iluminación en los edificios de culto, su estatus y consideración a través de los textos escritos y el simbolismo teológico de la luz.
Entre habitabilité et accessibilité au Bois de la Cambre
Authors: Schio Nicola da , Pelgrims Claire , Vandenbroucke Anneloes , Cincinnato Sebastiano 
Published: December 2023

Il s’agit d’étudier les tensions qui existent entre accessibilité géographique et habitabilité urbaine à Bruxelles, en examinant le cas du Bois de la Cambre en tant que lieu de loisir et de passage. Nous nous intéressons d’abord aux 150 ans d’histoire de ce parc, avant de présenter une enquête exploratoire sur les préférences de la population en ce qui concerne l’aménagement du parc eu égard à la circulation automobile. L’étude fait apparaître une étroite corrélation entre cet aménagement et le mode de vie de chacun. Au fil de son histoire, l’aménagement du parc s’est fait surtout en réponse à des changements sociétaux d’ordre général au niveau des modes d’organisation de la vie des populations, plutôt qu’à un projet urbain explicite. De nos jours, les priorités exprimées par différents groupes de population pour l’aménagement du parc sont fonction de leur lieu de résidence, de leur mode de déplacement, de leur utilisation des espaces verts et de leur accès à ces derniers. Dans ce contexte, l’étude met en évidence la nécessité d’œuvrer autant à la mise en place d’autres solutions de mobilité concrètes qu’à l’élaboration de nouveaux imaginaires pour la ville et la mobilité.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of Mitomycin C 0.02% used intra-operatively by subconjunctival injection versus direct scleral application using sponges in phacotrabeculectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Agarwal Nidhi , Krishna Thuhin S , Simha R Arathi , Braganza Andrew D , Gowri Mahasampath , Abraham Lekha M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To compare the safety and efficacy of subconjunctival injection (MMC: 0.02%) to those with subconjunctival application of sponges soaked in Mitomycin C (MMC: 0.02%) intra-operatively in patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy.

Methods:
A total of 68 patients undergoing phacotrabeculectomy were randomized into two groups; the sponge group received 0.02% MMC-soaked sponges (n = 38), and the injection group received subconjunctival injection of 0.02% MMC (n = 30). The primary outcome was post-operative mean intra-ocular pressure reduction (IOP). The secondary outcomes were bleb morphology using Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Score (IBAGS) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), post-operative use of 5-fluorouracil, and complications rates. These were compared at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively. Complete success was defined as ≥30% reduction in IOP without anti-glaucoma medications.

Results:
In sponge and injection groups, the mean pre-operative IOP was 29.1 ± 8.1 and 29.8 ± 8.8 mmHg, respectively. At 6 months, IOP in sponge and injection groups reduced by 52% (14 ± 3.6 mmHg, P < 0.001) and 50% (15.2 ± 4.1 mmHg, P < 0.001), respectively. Complete success was observed in 90.9% in the sponge group and 95.83% in the injection group. Both groups had diffuse, shallow, relatively avascular blebs at 6 months using IBAGS and AS-OCT. A few complications were seen in the sponge group during this period, which were not vision-threatening.

Conclusion:
Subconjunctival MMC injection is an effective, safe, convenient, and time-saving alternative to sponge-soaked delivery of MMC in phacotrabeculectomy.
Structure–function relationship and diagnostic value of macular ganglion cell complex measurement using Fourier-domain OCT in glaucoma
Authors: Dhabarde Kavita A , Kende Rohit P , Rahul Nisha V , Surabhi  , Nangare Aditi R 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the relationship between visual function and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measured by Fourier–domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and evaluate the diagnostic value of GCC measurement compared to retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness in detecting early, moderate, and severe glaucomas.

Methods:
Subjects underwent standard automated perimetry (SAP), OCT imaging with optic nerve head mode and GCC mode. The relationship between OCT parameters (mean GCC thickness, mean RNFL thickness, and macular thickness) and perimetry global indices (mean deviation [MD] and pattern standard deviation [PSD]) was evaluated by regression analysis. Diagnostic values of mean RNFL thickness, GCC parameters, and macular thickness were compared with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).

Results:
A total of 84 eyes, 42 of each normal and primary open-angle glaucoma patients were included in the study. Compared with linear models, second-order polynomial models better described relationships between GCC thickness and MD (P < 0.001), and between GCC thickness and PSD (P = 0.00). RNFL parameter, inferior RNFL thickness had the highest AUC for detecting early glaucoma. The AUC of mean GCC thickness for early glaucoma was higher than that of mean RNFL; however, the difference was not significant (P = 0.09), which was higher than that of macular thickness.

Conclusion:
The relationship between visual field (VF) sensitivity and GCC thickness is best expressed by the curvilinear function. Macular GCC thickness and RNFL thickness showed similar diagnostic values but were better than macular thickness for detecting early glaucoma but inferior to macular thickness and RNFL thickness for detecting moderate glaucoma.
Sensitivity of Vestibular System to Sounds
Authors: Emami Seyede Faranak 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:
All vestibular organs (saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals) had sound sensitivity to loud low-frequency tones (LFT). The sensitivity of the vestibular system to sounds (SVSS) can be measured by cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs). This study aims to investigate the contribution of the human vestibular system to auditory processing.

Materials and Methods:
The research was conducted in 2022–2023 by searching English language databases. The criterion for selecting documents was their overlap with the aim of this work. The animal studies were not included.

Principal Results:
The saccule is the only organ of the vestibular system that responds to sounds transmitted through the air and bone-conducted pathways. While the utricle and semicircular canals are only stimulated by vibrations that are transferred through the bone conduction. Due to the greater SVSS that is transmitted through the bone, it can cause false air-bone gaps in pure tone audiograms with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The SVSS can also increase with auditory training and listening/speaking practice.

Major Conclusions:
The SVSS may improve ipsilateral acoustic reflex thresholds of the middle ears to 500HZ. The afferent nerve fibers of the vestibular system are extended to auditory bundles and cooperate to the building of auditory brainstem responses to air-conducted LFT. The afferent fibers also project to the frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, and cingulate cortex. The SVSS can be effective in neural synchronization of the central auditory system; it cooperates to the discrimination of the human voice pitch and music rhythm. The SVSS can enhance the perception/production of self-voice and self-other-voice mechanisms in deaf people and normal-hearing persons. The cVEMPs should be done in routine assessments of all patients with hearing impairments. Finally, the human vestibular system contributes to auditory processing.
Vertical Integration of Teaching–Learning Methods for Clinical Tests of Hearing with the Physiology of Hearing: A Proposed Curriculum Improvisation Model for Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Raj Poonam , Dey Deepanjan , Surya Naman 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Early clinical exposure (ECE) is a tried and tested attempt in teaching-learning methods (TLMs) to achieve the goal of integrating basic sciences with clinical methods and helps in creating competent clinicians for health-care delivery system. Vertical integration of basic sciences with clinical subjects, which improves problem-based learning, has met with considerable success. However, there is no ECE module for otology in the 1st-year physiology curriculum at present. Clinical skills training in otology is conventionally imparted only during the initial phase of final MBBS. Hence, there is a large time gap between learning the physiology of hearing and the actual implementation of that knowledge during learning clinical of assessment of hearing. The present study tested vertical integration of knowledge of physiology of hearing with clinical knowledge of assessment of hearing with the intention to achieve certain expected outcomes like better clinical skills in students, faculty development, overall improvement in the quality of management of patients with hearing loss, and the long-term and far-reaching positive impact on the community as a whole.

Materials and Methods:
150 undergraduate 3rd year students of a medical college participated in the study. They were divided into two groups of 75 each. Pilot tested validated pretest questionnaires were offered to both the groups before intervening with the TLM. Group “A” was exposed to the vertical integration module, while Group “B” served as a control. Thereafter, Group “A” and “B” were further subdivided into five smaller groups each and a 60-min tutorial on tests of hearing was conducted for each of the small groups. Pilot tested validated posttest questionnaires were then offered to both the groups. Finally, feedback on the intervention was obtained through a pilot tested validated feedback form based on a five-point Likert scale from all participants.

Results:
The results showed that vertical integration promotes interaction among faculty from different departments and improves decision making abilities when designing and implementing appropriate TLM. It also improves learning outcomes among students by identifying the exact need for curriculum development and designing and testing an appropriate module for a particular task at hand.

Conclusion:
Competency-based medical education is the need of the hour and ECE is the most important step toward this. Appropriate vertical integration of various topics across all subjects is a long drawn out and time consuming task. However, by consistent inter-departmental faculty interaction and enthusiastic approach toward curriculum designing and development, the overall goal of training a medical graduate for transiting into an asset to the society seems achievable.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients with Balance Disorders Using Vertigo Symptom Scale–Short Form and Dizziness Handicap Inventory
Authors: Aamir Syed , Mohan Deekshith Raj 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Dizziness is a common complaint presenting in general practice of ears, nose, and throat (ENT). Vertigo constitutes approximately 54% of cases of dizziness. This study aims at evaluating balance disorders with the aid of Vertigo Symptom Scale and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) to assess the quality of life in patients.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out on subjects that presented with complaints of vertigo to the ENT indoor patient department and outpatient department at the Yenepoya Medical College Hospital in Mangalore. Patients with known case of head injury, cardiovascular disease, seizure, and cervical spondylosis were excluded from the study. The patients were assessed for Vertigo Symptom Scale- Short Form vertigo balance subscale score (VSS-sf-V), Vertigo Symptom Scale-Short form autonomic anxiety subscale score (VSS-sf-A)and DHI questionnaire. Data obtained were recorded into MS Excel work sheets, and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 23 program running on windows operating system. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 49 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included, with a mean age of 44.16 ± 11.78 years, and among them, 25 were male and 24 were female patients. Diabetes was observed in 6.1% (n = 3), while 14.3% (n = 7) had diabetes and hypertension. Nearly 73.5% (n = 36) of the participants had no comorbidities. There was a significant association between complaints and DHI with P = 0.001. Whereas, there was no association between comorbidities and DHI with P = 0.334.

Conclusion:
The present study evaluated the participants based on Vertigo Symptom Scale–Short Form and DHI to assess the impact of vertigo on quality of life. The study showed a good utility of these questionnaires in assessing the quality of life.
Role of Narrow-band Imaging in Visualizing the Vascularity of Tympanic Membrane in Otitis Media Using Vascular Otoendoscopy Score: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sharma Komal , Patnaik Uma , Raj Poonam , Singh Kamal Preet 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
The victorious healing of the tympanic membrane (TM) primarily depends upon the adequate blood supply to the affected part of the TM. Magnifying narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a new technique used to improve the visualization of the vascularity status of perforated TM. However, search of peer-reviewed Indian literature revealed a lack of consensus on this. To improve the understanding of this subject in this study, magnifying NBI and conventional white light were compared using Vascular Otoendoscopy Score (VOS) which is a subjective scoring system used for evaluation of the degree of vascularization.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted using NBI and white light videoendoscopy to visualize TM vascularity in 100 otitis media (OM) and 100 normal TMs. Grading of vascularity was done using VOS in both arms and compared.

Results:
Our study revealed a score of 1.4 ± 0.71 on white light and 1.72 ± 0.45 on NBI as a reference in cases with OM and a score of 1.68 ± 0.46 on white light and 1.96 ± 0.19 on NBI can be taken as a reference for a normal TM.

Conclusion:
NBI has the advantage of better visualization of the vascularity status of TM and thus can potentially complement the white light examination for the prediction of better surgical outcomes.
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic and Microscopic Tympanoplasties Using Temporalis Fascia Graft
Authors: Rout Manas Ranjan , Laxmi P. S. V. S. , Ijju Hemanth , Gedela Keerthi Varma 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Chronic otitis media (COM) is a widespread disease in developing countries. Tympanoplasty is one of the common procedures in otorhinolaryngology for the treatment of COM. It can be done using microscope or endoscope. Present study is a comparison between these two techniques.

Aims and Objectives:
1. Comparing the graft take-up rate between endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasties. 2. Comparing the hearing result in microscopic and endoscopic tympanoplasties. 3. Comparing the operation time and postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:
100 patients were studied, out of which 50 were operated with microscope and 50 with endoscope. Patients were selected randomly from the ENT department.

Results:
Study shows that 50 patients were operated with endoscope and 50 were with microscope. The graft take-up rate is slightly higher in the endoscopic group in comparison to the microscopic group, i.e., 94% in the microscopic group and 96% in the endoscopic group. The endoscopic group has hearing improvement of average 17.4 dB as compared to the microscopic group (average 15.57 dB) postoperatively. A paired t-test shows P = 0.0001 (significant). Postoperative pain is more with the microscopic group. Clarity of vision is good with the endoscopic group.

Conclusion:
Hence, in our study, endoscopic tympanoplasty is better than microscopic tympanoplasty. But further study has to be done to identify the fact.
Otologist's Perspective of Recurrent Meningitis
Authors: Marfatia Hetal , Sahai Anoushka , Gaikwad Ashwinikumar , Dhuppad Surbhi 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
Congenital cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the ear can be a potential cause of recurrent meningitis. Diagnosing the otogenic cause can be a challenge due to the spectrum of presentations. We aim at studying the various modes of presentation, radiology, and intraoperative findings of such CSF leaks.

Methodology:
This was a retrospective study of six patients of recurrent meningitis. Detailed history and clinical signs were noted. Audiometry was done. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinus and high-resolution CT of the temporal bone were done. CT cisternography was done for confirmation. Magnetic resonance brain was done in the immediate postmeningitic phase when CT cisternography is contraindicated. All the cases were explored surgically to identify and repair the site of the leak.

Results:
One had unilateral deafness and five had bilateral deafness. Two had incomplete partition (IP)-I deformity and four had IP-II. Surgical exploration revealed the leak site as only oval window in three patients and both round and oval windows in two.

Conclusion:
Otorhinology consultation is a must for all cases of recurrent meningitis. It is important to pick up subtle clinical signs for diagnosis. Multiple leak sites should be anticipated in such cases intra-operatively.
Saudi consensus guidance for the management of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy
Authors: Azzam Nahla A. , Almutairdi Abdulelah , Almudaiheem Hajer Y. , AlAmeel Turki , Bakkari Shakir A. , Alharbi Othman R. , Alenzi Khalidah A. , AlMolaiki Maha A. , Al-Omari Bedor A. , Albarakati Rayan G. , Al-Jedai Ahmed H. , Saadah Omar I. , Almadi Majid A. , Al-Bawardy Badr , Mosli Mahmoud H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in pregnant women is challenging and must be addressed on a patient-by-patient basis. Optimal patient management requires a multidisciplinary team and clear evidence-based recommendations that cater to this subset of patients. In this article, we provide concise guidelines and clinical care pathway for the management of IBD in pregnant women. Our recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary working group that includes experts from the Saudi Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Saudi Gastroenterology Association and the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacology. All recommendations are based on up-to-date information following an extensive literature review. A total of 23 evidence-based expert opinion recommendations for the management of IBD in pregnant women are herein provided.
Cardiovascular effects of diluted intracameral combination of 0.02% tropicamide, 0.31% phenylephrine, and 1% lidocaine during phacoemulsification to manage intraoperative miosis
Authors: Ghai Ashwani Kumar , Bali Jatinder , Sethi Nikita , Rajaure Surakshya , Sarkar Salman 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
Intracameral mydriatic agents (ICMAs) are replacing the conventional method of topical mydriasis for its fast action and no need for repeated instillation before cataract surgery. Its application for the management of intraoperative miosis needs to be studied with different doses of mydriatic agent. The objective of the study is to study cardiovascular effects of diluted intracameral combination of 0.02% tropicamide, 0.31% phenylephrine, and 1% lidocaine during phacoemulsification to manage intraoperative miosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was conducted at Mojiram Lions Eye Hospital Akbarpur Majra village, Palla Bakhtawarpur Road, Delhi, during the year 2021–2022 after taking approval from the Ethical Committee of the hospital. Patients undergoing cataract surgery who were not dilated adequately during the preoperative period or developed intraoperative miosis were managed by injecting diluted intracameral combination of 0.02% tropicamide, 0.31% phenylephrine, and 1% lidocaine (phenocaine plus). 0.5 ml of phenocaine plus was diluted with 1.5 ml of ringer lactate solution and 0.50 ml of this solution was injected intracameral and its effect on pulse rate, blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation were monitored continuously on pulse oximeter.

RESULTS:
There was no statistically significant effect of diluted ICMA (Phenocaine Plus) on diastolic BP and oxygen saturation. However, systolic BP showed a little change from mean of 133.78 (standard deviation [SD] =16.04) mmHg to 133.92 (SD = 15.33) mmHg which was statistically significant but clinically not significant. Pulse rate increased slightly from mean 76.46 per minutes (SD = 15.14) to 79.40 (SD = 14.95) at 10 s and 76.49 (SD = 15.15) at 60 s. The difference was again statistically significant but clinically insignificant.

CONCLUSION:
Low concentration of intracameral combination of 0.02% tropicamide, 0.31% phenylephrine, and 1% lidocaine is a very safe and effective method for the management of intraoperative miosis.
Analysis of difficult concepts in Senior Phase Mathematics baseline assessments: First-year student teachers’ reflections
Authors: Adelabu Folake Modupe , Alex Jogmol Kalariparampil 
Published: December 2023

This paper report on first-year student teachers’ reflections on the difficulty levels of mathematics concepts in the senior phase baseline assessments. This paper emanated after first year student teachers completed the baseline assessments for each of the three grades in the senior phase, Grades 7, 8, and 9. One hundred and sixteen (116) first year mathematics student teachers were included in this study. Data were collected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. This qualitative research adopted a case-study design, using an interpretivist paradigm. Data was collected using an open-ended questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was designed to determine student teachers’ thoughts about the difficulty levels of concepts of the mathematical content in the baseline assessments. The results of the study revealed that Algebra; Number Pattern; Statistics; Shapes; Geometry; Simplification; Sequences and Series; and Addition and Subtraction of numbers as easy topics to answer, Fractions, Mixed fractions, Factorisation, Probability, and Measurement were topics that were very difficult. The study recommended that teacher educators design instructions that will assist student teachers in constructing senior phase mathematical concepts to improve their understanding of these complex topics in higher education institutions.