bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Precursor Lesions in Transgender Men: a Systematic Review
Authors: Maffessoni Nicole Bauermann , Graciano Luiza Michel , Pinheiro Ana Carolina Silva , Roehe Adriana Vial , Bica Claudia Giuliano 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the prevalence of cervical cancer precursor lesions in transgender men who have undergone screening by Pap smear, with the intent of contributing with data for the formulation of public policies to widen access to this population.
Methods
observational studies were selected, with no language or year restrictions, which presented Pap smear results in transgender men. Reviews, case reports and qualitative studies were excluded. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The risk of bias was assessed using the “NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies”.
Results
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of precursor lesions in transgender men was 0.8%, which is in line with the rates expected by the BETHESDA system for women. However, there was a very high rate of unsatisfactory results in this population (10%), compared to what was expected by the BETHESDA system (1%).
Conclusion
There is no difference between the prevalence of cervical cancer precursor lesions among transgender men and the expected population prevalence. The number of unsatisfactory tests is high, probably due to the use of testosterone by this population, which makes difficult to collect the material. Studies on transgender men are limited and heterogeneous, and mostly American, limiting the quality of evidence. We suggest that cervical cancer screening policies include, in the exams, information about transgender status and the use of testosterone so that we can reflect on the real health situation of trans men in the context of prevention.
Effectiveness of mobile health intervention in medication adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Sun Kyung , Park Su Yeon , Hwang Hye Ri , Moon Su Hee , Park Jin Woo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Low medication adherence is known to pose a great risk of poor treatment outcomes among patients with chronic diseases. Recently, mobile applications (apps) have been recognized as effective interventions, enabling patients to adhere to their prescriptions. This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of mobile app interventions for medication adherence and the affecting features and dropout rates by focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Method: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of mobile app interventions targeting medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases. Electronic searches of eight databases were conducted on April 21, 2023. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of pooled outcomes, odds ratios (ORs), and confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis was applied to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the interventional strategies and their features. The risk of bias of the included RCTs was evaluated by applying the risk of bias (ROB) tool. Publication bias was also examined using the fail-safe N method.
Results: Twenty-nine studies with 2,684 participants were included. The meta-analysis findings showed a positive impact of mobile apps on improving medication adherence (SMD = 0.386, OR = 2.34). The subgroup analysis results revealed greater effectiveness of interventions using interactive strategies (SMD=1.367, OR=2.678), context-aware reminders (SMD = 0.664, OR = 2.452), data-sharing (SMD = 0.321, OR = 2.449), and pill dispenser (OR = 2.436).
Conclusion: The current study found that mobile interventions had significant effects on medication adherence improvement. Subgroup analysis showed that the roles of stakeholders in health providers’ interactions with patients and developers’ understanding of patients and disease characteristics are critical. Future studies should incorporate advanced technology reflecting acceptability and the needs of the target population.
Impact of In Vitro Cell Subculture on Mosaicism: Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Microarray and Karyotype Results
Authors: xu chenxia , Peng Jianming , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Yanfang , Wang Degang , Li Miaoyuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Prenatal chromosomal abnormality detection traditionally relies on conventional karyotyping. This study explores the impact of in vitro cell subculture on prenatal diagnostic sample results, comparing cell subculture methods and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA).
Methods We analyzed G-banding karyotyping data and CMA results from 2007 cases subjected to amniocentesis. This involved examining chromosome mosaicism.
Results Chromosome mosaicism was detected by CMA in 1.49% of cases (30/2007). Sex chromosome mosaicism was the most common form of mosaicism. Among the 30 mosaicisms, 18 results were consistent between the two methods. In four cases, CMA indicated mosaicismbut the karyotypes were normal. In eight cases, CMA was normal while the karyotypes suggested mosaicism.
Conclusions Our findings suggest that shorter mosaic markers may go unnoticed due to limited resolution in G-banding karyotype analysis via subculture of adherent cells. CMA is capable of detecting regions of homozygosity mosaicism, which may escape karyotype analysis. In vitro cell subculture can lead to the loss of abnormal acentric fragments, potentially contributing to fetal malformations. Furthermore, subculture of adherent cells may lead to pseudo-tetraploid formation, possibly attributed to cell duplication during subculture. CMA mitigates the generation of pseudo-mosaicism associated with subculture (double-line culture). The combined use of karyotyping and CMA enhances the accuracy of prenatal genetic diagnosis, enabling the detection of chromosome mosaicism that may be missed after subculture of adherent cells.
Peripheral Low Level Chronic LPS Injection as a Model of Neutrophil Activation in the Periphery and Brain in Mice
Authors: Aries Michelle , Cook Makayla , Hensley-McBain Tiffany 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) inflammation is used as model to understand the role of inflammation in brain diseases. However, no studies have assessed the ability of peripheral low-level chronic LPS to induce neutrophil activation in the brain. Subclinical levels of LPS were injected intraperitoneally into mice to investigate impacts on neutrophil frequency and activation. Neutrophil activation, as measured by CD11b expression, peaked in the periphery after 4 weeks of weekly injections. Neutrophil frequency and activation increased in the periphery 4–12 hours and 4–8 hours after the fourth and final injection, respectively. Increased levels of G-CSF, TNFa, IL-6, and CXCL2 were observed in the plasma along with increased neutrophil elastase, a marker of neutrophil extracellular traps, peaking 4 hours following the final injection. Neutrophils and neutrophil activation were increased in the brain of LPS injected mice when compared to saline-injected mice 4 hours and 4–8 hours after the final injection, respectively. These results indicate that subclinical levels of peripheral LPS induces neutrophil activation in the periphery and brain. This model of chronic low-level systemic inflammation could be used to understand how neutrophils may act as mediators of the periphery-brain axis of inflammation with age and/or in mouse models of neurodegenerative or neuroinflammatory disease.
Salsal: Blockchain for Vetting Cultural Object Collections
Authors: Khelifi Adel , Altaweel Mark , Hashir Mohammad , Hadjitofi Tasoula , Ghazal Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many modern cultural object collections suffer from the problem of being obtained in unethical and illegal circumstances. Additionally, information about collections, including their status, object descriptions, and other data need up-to-date information presented to users. We propose a novel blockchain tool called Salsal that enables the vetting of objects, individually or as part of more extensive collections, to meet required ethical and legal guidelines while informing users of relevant information about collections. Blockchain provides a better and more rapid way for users to know about collections using a decentralized and immutable ledger technology. We also believe that they can be used to incentivize or even pressure collections to vet their objects for ethical and legal guidelines that can benefit the public who use collections. The prototype software we have made is presented and compared to other blockchains, with code provided. We demonstrate how our blockchain can enable a useful vetting process for cultural objects, allowing a user community to contribute to this process in a transparent and secure manner.
Seismic Events in Central Kazakhstan by Data of The National Nuclear Center Monitoring Network of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Uzbekov Abylay , Mikhailova Natalya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Over the past ten years of observations by the seismic monitoring network of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, seismic events of a different nature have been registered on the territory of central Kazakhstan. The largest number of these events are quarry explosions at deposits of solid minerals. But there are also tectonic earthquakes and natural-technogenic events induced by prolonged explosive activity in the field. Despite the fact that earthquakes are rarely recorded in such ‘weakly seismic’ areas, quite strong earthquakes can occur there, causing damage to the existing infrastructure near their sources. The paper presents materials on the study of the nature of seismic events and their interrelations with the deep structure of the environment, the tectonics of Central Kazakhstan and the distribution of anomalies of geophysical fields.
Assessment of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Premolars: A CBCT Study Exploring Age and Gender Variations
Authors: Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Iqbal Azhar , Batul Rumesa , Adil Abdul Habeeb , Syed Jamaluddin , Algarani Hmoud Ali , Alonazi Meshal Aber , Noorani Tahir Yusuf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: In complex teeth like maxillary premolars, endodontic treatment success depends on a complete comprehension of root canal anatomy. While mandibular premolars have been extensively studied, there is little data on the root canal anatomy of maxillary premolars. This study aimed to explore the root canal morphology of maxillary premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, considering age and gender variations.
Methods: From 500 patient CBCT scans, 1,230 maxillary premolar teeth were evaluated. The sample was divided by gender and age (10-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, and 61 years and older). Ahmed et al. classification system was used to record root canal morphology.
Results: The most frequent classifications for right maxillary 1st premolars were 2MPM1 B1 L1 (39.03%) and 1MPM1 (2.81%), while the most frequent classifications for right maxillary 2nd premolars were 2MPM1 B1 L1 (39.08%) and 1MPM1 (17.85%). Most of the premolars typically had two roots (left maxillary first premolars: 81.5%, left maxillary second premolars: 82.7%, right maxillary first premolars: 74.4%, right maxillary second premolars: 75.7%). Left and right maxillary 1st premolars for classes 1MPM1 and 1MPM1-2-1 showed significant gender differences. For classifications 1MPM1 and 1MPM1-2-1, age-related changes were seen in the left and right maxillary first premolars.
Conclusion: The research findings offer significant new knowledge of the complex and diverse root canal anatomy of maxillary premolars. The results highlight the significance of CBCT imaging for accurate treatment planning and clinical decision-making. Understanding the differences in root canal anatomy attributed to age and gender may facilitate endodontic treatment outcomes.
Immune dysregulation orchestrated by high-salt diet: Mechanistic insights into disease pathogenesis
Authors: Chen Li , chen Yixiao , Peng Xile , Chen Zhi-xuan , Tang Junrui , Wang Jie , nie Kaidi , QI Luming , Deng Tingting , Xia Li-na 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Excessive salt consumption has been associated with detrimental health consequences, including hypertension, colitis, and autoimmune disorders. However, recent studies have proposed that high salt diet (HSD) can both stimulate the immune system, affecting the differentiation of immune cells, promoting or inhibiting cytokine secretion to fight cancer or elicit a more potent autoimmune response, and exerting an immunosuppressive effect to influence disease development, providing mechanistic insights into the direction of immune regulation in which HSD affects disease. Objective This paper reviews the immunomodulatory effects of HSD on various innate immune and adaptive cells, especially macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, in relation to disease development. Methods We identified papers by electronically searching the Web of Science (WOS) database from inception through March 2023. Results A growing number of animal experiments and in vitro cell culture studies have shown that HSD can regulate the differentiation and activation of a variety of immune cells, and promote or inhibit different cytokines to mediate the development of a variety of diseases, including nephropathy, hypertension, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and a number of autoimmune diseases. These findings provide a new mechanism for pathological changes in the direction of immune regulation and suggest that HSD is a predisposing factor for a variety of diseases, providing new mechanistic insights into dietary health modification. Conclusions HSD mediates the development of multiple diseases by regulating the differentiation and activation of a variety of immune cells, and the underlying mechanisms may be related to gut microbes and their metabolites.
Valorization of Cheese whey powder by two-step fermentation for gluconic acid and ethanol preparation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Fan , Liu Xinlu , Zhou Xin , Jiang Kankan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Whey from cheesemaking is an environmental contaminant with a high BOD, containing an abundance of lactose. Hence, it has the potential to be utilized in the manufacturing of bio-based chemicals that have increased worth. A designed sequential fermentation approach was employed in this research to convert enzymatic hydrolysate of cheese whey (which primarily consists of glucose and galactose) into gluconic acid and bio-ethanol. This conversion was achieved by utilizing Gluconobacter oxydans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Glucose in the enzyme hydrolysate will undergo preferential oxidation to gluconic acid as a result of the glucose effect from Gluconobacter oxydans. Subsequently, Saccharomyces cerevisiae will utilize the remaining galactose exclusively for ethanol fermentation, while the gluconic acid in the fermentation broth will be retained. As a result, approximately 293 g gluconic acid and 103 g ethanol could be produced from 1 kg of cheese whey powder. Simultaneously, it was feasible to collect a total of 140 g of blended protein, encompassing cheese whey protein and cellular protein. Two-step fermentation has proven to be an effective method for utilizing cheese whey in a sustainable manner and reducing the environmental impact.
MSFNET: A multi-level Semantic Fusion Network for Generative Machine Reading Comprehension
Authors: Li Qiang , Mo Cheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The free question answering task in machine reading comprehension(MRC) is a challenge. Seq2Seq is a popular approach in this field, but traditional Seq2Seq only captures local semantics, which is far from enough for machine reading comprehension tasks. We propose a multi-level semantic fusion network, called MSFNET. MSFNET choose XLNET as embedding layer to get word-level semantics and processing sentence-level semantics by encoding sentences with multi-level bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) to get sentence-level, paragraph-level semantics and fuses different level semantics with attention mechanism. In output layer we propose an answer prediction method which combines seq2seq network with pointer network, and train it to determine whether the answer is generated by seq2seq or copied from the original text by the pointer network. Experiments on MS MARCO showed that MSFNET would be able obtain 32.75% ROUGE-L and 34.12% BLEU-4 scores, more effective than Match-LSTM and BIDAF.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage in a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with positive anti-cardiolipin antibodies: a case report
Authors: ding yichen , wu jinxiu , he zhongxun , guo chai , wang weina , yu yunli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Area postrema syndrome has a low prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), which typically manifests as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is a less frequent complication.
Case presentation:
Here, we provide a case of a patient with recurrent NMOSD who had anti-cardiolipin antibodies that were positive and who experienced seizures while receiving plasma exchange (PE) and glucocorticoid shock therapy. The patient's condition was ultimately determined to be CVST with SAH as the manifestation after pertinent tests.
Conclusions
Taking the present case as an example, we analyzed the etiologies of thrombotic events during the treatment of CNS inflammatory diseases and found that the etiology is diverse and may be the result of a combination of causes. More clinical data is required to establish the precise process, although in addition to the basic itself, positive anti-cardiolipin antibodies, Glucocorticoids (GCs), and PE may cause the creation of this thrombotic event.
The Effects of Smokers Switching Behaviour on Health-Related Symptom Burden and Quality of Life: Analysis of US Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study Data
Authors: Cao Yue , Zhang Xuxi , Fearon Ian , Li Jiaxuan , Chen Xi , Xiong Yuming , Zheng Fangzhen , Zhang Jianqiang , Sun Xinying , Liu Xiaona 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Ecigarette (EC) use is rising, and evidence increasingly supports that ECs are helpful in smoking cessation. However, evidence concerning the longterm health effects of conventional cigarette smokers who switch to using ECs, and changes in healthrelated symptoms and quality of life (QoL), are lacking.
Objective
To examine the effects of switching from smoking to using ECs on healthrelated symptoms (fatigue, pain, and emotional problems) and general QoL.
Methods
We analysed data from 7,122 adult respondents in the U.S. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. These were exclusive cigarette smokers at Wave 1 and were followed up at any of Waves 2 to 5. At the followup waves, respondents were categorised into four groups based on their switching behaviours: (1) full switching (switching to exclusive EC use); (2) partial switching (switching to dual use of cigarettes and ECs); (3) quitting (not beginning EC use); and (4) nonswitching (exclusive cigarette smoking). Linear mixedeffects models controlling for age, sex, race, level of education and time were used to calculate adjusted mean differences (aMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in general QoL and related factors between nonswitching and switching groups.
Results
Compared to nonswitching, full switching was significantly associated with less fatigue (aMD − 0.092; CI -0.167 to -0.017; P = 0.016), less emotional problems (aMD − 0.089; CI -0.175 to -0.002; P = 0.044), better QoL (aMD − 0.124; CI -0.193 to -0.056; P < 0.001), but similar pain (aMD − 0.156; CI -0.351 to 0.038; P = 0.108). No significant differences were observed between partial switching and nonswitching groups for fatigue, pain, emotional problems, or QoL (P > 0.05 in all cases). Those who quitted smoking and did not begin EC use reported the lowest fatigue, pain, and emotional problems, and the best QoL, among the four groups (all P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Smokers who quitted smoking or fully switched to using ECs had less healthrelated symptoms and better QoL than those who continued smoking. This impact on QoL should be taken into account when assessing the harm reduction potential of ECs, and the development of practices to help smokers switch and improve their QoL also needs to be considered.
Design and Synthesis of N-terminal segment Peptides: A New Innovative Finding for Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Rajavenkatesh , Adhikari Priyanka , Anaikutti Parthiban , Rajagopal Saravanakumar ,   Rajendran Babhu Vignesh4
Published: October 2023

Abstract

A novel short N-terminal cationic and hydrophobic peptides, KWKLFKKI-CONH2 (P2) and KWLWKKI-CONH2 (P3) are a class of Cecropin-A family of KWKLFKKIQIAK-CONH2 (P1) was designed using Fmoc-chemistry solid phase peptide synthesis protocol, where W stands for α-(2,5,7-tri-tert-butylindol-3-yl) alanine residue. By comparing High performance liquid chromatograms or Mass spectrometry (LCMS or analytical HPLC), the purity, integrity, and homogeneity of the peptide were determined. The circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) demonstrates that to detect conformational alterations during membrane contact, P2 adopts an extended structure in both polar and non-polar settings, as expected. Because of the presence of tryptophan derivatives, P3 occurs in an extended conformation. Peptide P2 exhibited an exceptional affinity for both zwitterionic POPC lipid bilayer and anionic POPC/POPG lipid bilayer membranes, whereas P3 preferentially interacts with POPC/POPG anionic bilayer rather than zwitterionic POPC lipid bilayer. Surprisingly, both peptides have good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. It is important to note that the most hydrophobic P3 had more effectiveness against all test organisms than P2 and the control peptide P1. The toxicity of these peptides was examined using a hemolytic assay, and the results reveal that P2 and P3 have very little to no toxicity, which is important for P2 and P3 to be utilised as possible therapeutic agents. Peptides P2 and P3 were both non-hemolytic and appeared to be more capable due to their broad antibacterial activity.