bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Darstellung und Charakterisierung von C70Br14
Authors: Waidmann G. , Jansen M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractC70Br14 wurde durch Bromierung von C70 in Brom bzw. in den Lösungsmitteln 1,1,2,2‐Tetrachlorethan oder CS2 dargestellt. Die Verbindung wurde mittels Elementaranalyse, thermischer Analyse, 13C‐Festkörperkernresonanzspektroskopie und Pulverdiffraktometrie charakterisiert. Die Gitterkonstanten betragen a = 32,09(2), b = 10,731(7), c = 18,135(6) Å, β = 110,92(4)·, V = 5834(4) Å3, Z = 4. Die Verbindung zerfällt langsam bei Raumtemperatur in bromärmere Addukte. Mittels thermischer Analyse (Aufheizgeschwindigkeit 5°/min) wurde der Zerfall in C70 und Br2 bei 134,9°C detektiert.
The Near Infra-Red Absorption Spectra of Pentaerythritol and Diketopiperazine Obtained with Plane Polarized Light
Authors: Ellis Joseph W. , Bath Jean 
Published: January 2005

Pentaerythritol, C(CH2OH)4, a crystalline alcohol, and diketopiperazine, (CH2NHCO)2, also crystalline, have been subjected to an infra-red absorption study with plane polarized waves in the region 1–2.5μ. Pronounced pleochroism is observed, and this dependence of absorption upon the plane of vibration of the electric vector, E0, is used in identifying the bands associated with the normal vibrations of the methylene groups, CH2, in each crystal. An interesting example of Fermi resonance arises.
In pentaerythritol the appearance of pronounced absorption by perturbed OH groups when E0 oscillates along the c axis indicates that the feature of the crystalline structure, deduced from an x-ray diffraction study which orients all of the OH groups at right angles to this axis, must be modified.
The absence of the usual NH absorption near 1.50μ supports Corey's assumption of electron resonance in diketopiperazine.
Dissociation Treatment of Condensing Systems. II
Authors: Band William 
Published: January 2005

In a previous paper under the above title, in future referred to as Part I, it was shown how the theory of dissociating assemblies could be applied to an example containing only one component type of molecule which can form clusters of any size. The results were claimed as equivalent with those of Mayer (see reference 3, a and b). In a private communication Dr. Mayer has pointed out to the writer that this claim is only approximately correct, because the clusters were treated as of negligible size, excluded volumes being ignored. It is therefore necessary to regard Part I as giving a ``perfect gas analogy'' for the theory of the saturated vapor pressure curves at temperatures well below the critical value.
The present paper develops the more accurate theory by taking into account the excluded volumes and, besides the s-v-p curves, also presents a complete set of equations for the isothermals of the gas and vapor right through the critical temperature.
Normal Vibrations of Chains of Similar and Similarly Situated Dynamical Systems and the Infra-Red Spectrum of Undecane
Authors: Whitcomb S. E. , Nielsen H. H. , Thomas L. H. 
Published: January 2005

Theory indicates that the normal modes of vibration of chain molecules fall into two classes; end vibrations in which the amplitude falls off exponentially from the ends towards the middle, and chain vibrations in which it varies harmonically as in a standing wave. The transition from one class to the other takes place via chain vibrations with a small number of nodes of amplitude along the chain. For a long chain we expect only those chain vibrations to show up in the infra-red spectrum for which the phase of the electric moment is constant along the chain.
These considerations have been applied to predict the vibration spectra of the straight chain paraffins, assumed to consist of a zigzag chain of carbon atoms each carrying two hydrogen atoms in a plane perpendicular to the chain and alternately above and below it.
The infra-red spectrum of undecane has been measured from 1 to 15μ on a prism spectrometer, the positions of 31 bands being determined. Accepted values of the interatomic distances and angles were assumed and force constants were adjusted to fit four of the fundamental frequencies to observed bands. Bands were observed near all the other fundamental frequencies predicted certainly to occur (as chain vibrations) and near one out of three that should possibly occur (as end vibrations near chain vibrations with few nodes). All but three of the observed bands could be accounted for as fundamentals, harmonics, or simple combination frequencies.
Further Studies on the Oxidation of Nitric Oxide; the Rate of the Reaction between Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Brown F. B. , Crist R. H. 
Published: January 2005

The initial rate of the reaction between CO and NO2 from 225°C to 290°C was measured under conditions which precluded the possibility of NO2 decomposition. This study extends the earlier data on the reaction over a 300° temperature interval. The oxidation of nitric oxide at 25°C and at pressures from 0.01 to 0.1 mm of NO was found to be third order over a 3- and 6-fold change in reactants. The CO2 and NO2 production in systems containing NO, CO, and O2 around 150°C was measured under conditions in which the formation of CO2 by the reaction between CO and NO2 was negligible. It is concluded that NO3 is the intermediate needed to correlate this and previous data on reactions involving NO and NO2, and that the rate of the reaction of NO3 with NO is faster than that with CO.
A new apparatus containing greaseless valves capable of handling quantities of products of the order of 10—3 mm, and a method of analysis precise to 3×10—5 mm was devised. Methods to prepare reactant gases of the requisite purity are described.
Descriptor‐based protein remote homology identification
Authors: Zhang Ziding , Kochhar Sunil , Grigorov Martin G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHere, we report a novel protein sequence descriptor‐based remote homology identification method, able to infer fold relationships without the explicit knowledge of structure. In a first phase, we have individually benchmarked 13 different descriptor types in fold identification experiments in a highly diverse set of protein sequences. The relevant descriptors were related to the fold class membership by using simple similarity measures in the descriptor spaces, such as the cosine angle. Our results revealed that the three best‐performing sets of descriptors were the sequence‐alignment‐based descriptor using PSI‐BLAST e‐values, the descriptors based on the alignment of secondary structural elements (SSEA), and the descriptors based on the occurrence of PROSITE functional motifs. In a second phase, the three top‐performing descriptors were combined to obtain a final method with improved performance, which we named DescFold. Class membership was predicted by Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning. In comparison with the individual PSI‐BLAST‐based descriptor, the rate of remote homology identification increased from 33.7% to 46.3%. We found out that the composite set of descriptors was able to identify the true remote homolog for nearly every sixth sequence at the 95% confidence level, or some 10% more than a single PSI‐BLAST search. We have benchmarked the DescFold method against several other state‐of‐the‐art fold recognition algorithms for the 172 LiveBench‐8 targets, and we concluded that it was able to add value to the existing techniques by providing a confident hit for at least 10% of the sequences not identifiable by the previously known methods.
Specificity and reactive loop length requirements for crmA inhibition of serine proteases
Authors: Tesch Lisa D. , Raghavendra Manikanahally P. , Bedsted‐Faarvang Tina , Gettins Peter G.W. , Olson Steven T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe viral serpin, crmA, is distinguished by its small size and ability to inhibit both serine and cysteine proteases utilizing a reactive loop shorter than most other serpins. Here, we characterize the mechanism of crmA inhibition of serine proteases and probe the reactive loop length requirements for inhibition with two crmA reactive loop variants. P1 Arg crmA inhibited the trypsin‐like proteases, thrombin, and factor Xa, with moderate efficiencies (∼102–104 M−1sec−1), near equimolar inhibition stoichiometries, and formation of SDS‐stable complexes which were resistant to dissociation (kdiss ∼10−7 sec−1), consistent with a serpin‐type inhibition mechanism. Trypsin was not inhibited, but efficiently cleaved the variant crmA as a substrate (kcat/KM of ∼106 M−1 sec−1). N‐terminal sequencing confirmed that the P1 Arg–P1′Cys bond was the site of cleavage. Altering the placement of the Arg in a double mutant P1 Gly‐P1′Arg crmA resulted in minimal ability to inhibit any of the trypsin family proteases. This variant was cleaved by the proteases ∼10‐fold less efficiently than P1 Arg crmA. Surprisingly, pancreatic elastase was rapidly inhibited by wild‐type and P1 Arg crmAs (105–106 M−1sec−1), although with elevated inhibition stoichiometries and higher rates of complex dissociation. N‐terminal sequencing showed that elastase attacked the P1′Cys–P2′Ala bond, indicating that crmA can inhibit proteases using a reactive loop length similar to that used by other serpins, but with variations in this inhibition arising from different effective P2 residues. These results indicate that crmA inhibits serine proteases by the established serpin conformational trapping mechanism, but is unusual in inhibiting through either of two adjacent reactive sites.
Tube construction in the watering pot shell Brechites vaginiferus (Bivalvia; Anomalodesmata; Clavagelloidea)
Authors: Harper Elizabeth M. , Morton Brian 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe bizarre watering pot shells of the clavagellid bivalve Brechites comprise a calcareous tube encrusted frequently with sand grains and other debris, the anterior end of which terminates in a convex perforated plate (the ‘watering pot’). It has not proved easy to understand how such extreme morphologies are produced. Previously published models have proposed that the tube and ‘watering pot’ are formed separately, outside the periostracum, and fuse later. Here we present the results of a detailed study of the structure and repair of the tubes of Brechites vaginiferus which suggest that these models are not correct. Critical observations include the fact that the external surface of the tube and ‘watering pot’ are covered by a thin organic film, on to the inner surface of which the highly organized aragonite crystals are secreted. There is no evidence of a suture between the tube and the ‘watering pot’ or that the periostracum of the juvenile shell passes through the wall of the tube. Live individuals of B. vaginiferus are able to repair substantial holes in the tube or ‘watering pot’ by laying down a new organic film followed by subsequent calcareous layers. Brechites vaginiferus displays Type C mantle fusion, with the result that the whole animal is encased by a continuous ring of mantle and periostracum, thereby making it possible to secrete a continuous ‘ring’ of shell material. On the basis of these observations we suggest that watering pot shells are not extra‐periostracal but are the product of simple modification of ‘normal’ shell‐secreting mechanisms.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinse‐1 is a marker of diastolic dysfunction using tissue doppler in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Tayebjee M. H. , Lim H. S. , Nadar S. , MacFadyen R. J. , Lip G. Y. H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground  Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) is associated with increased fibrosis of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Myocardial stiffness is a feature of diastolic dysfunction. We assessed circulating TIMP‐1 as a marker of diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, who were compared with healthy controls.Methods  We recruited 54 patients (43 males; mean age 68 ± 5 years) with treated type 2 DM (i.e. controlled glycaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia), 35 (30 males; 69 ± 8 years) treated nondiabetic hypertensives, and 31 healthy controls (18 males; 66 ± 5 years). Circulating TIMP‐1 was measured by ELISA. Using transthoracic echocardiography, the early (E) diastolic mitral inflow velocity was measured with pulse wave Doppler, and the early mitral annular velocity (e′), a recognized index of diastolic relaxation, was measured with tissue Doppler. The E/A ratio was also calculated and isovolumic relaxation time measured.Results  Mean e′ levels differed significantly between controls, diabetics and hypertensives (P < 0·0001). Circulating TIMP‐1 was significantly different between patients and controls (P = 0·006), but there was no statistically significant difference between the DM and hypertension group. In both groups, only e′ was negatively correlated with TIMP‐1 levels, with a stronger correlation among the hypertensive patients (Spearman r = −0·544, P = 0·001) when compared with the diabetic group (r = −0·341, P = 0·011).Conclusion  Diastolic relaxation is impaired in diabetes and hypertensive patients. The relationship between TIMP‐1 and e′ may reflect increased myocardial fibrosis and consequent diastolic dysfunction, which may be more prominent in hypertension.
Dietary intake of differently fed salmon; the influence on markers of human atherosclerosis
Authors: Seierstad S. L. , Seljeflot I. , Johansen O. , Hansen R. , Haugen M. , Rosenlund G. , Frøyland L. , Arnesen H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground  Cardioprotective effects of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) of marine origin are well recognized. Because of the shortness of marine resources vegetable oils are increasingly used in fish farming. The effects on human health of fish fed on vegetable oils are largely unknown.Methods  In a double‐blinded intervention study, 60 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were randomly allocated to three groups consuming approximately 700 g per week for 6 weeks of differently fed Atlantic salmon: 100% fish oil (FO), 100% rapeseed oil (RO) or 50% of each (FO/RO), resulting in fillets with high, intermediate and low levels of marine n‐3 PUFAs. Patient analyses before and after the intervention period included serum fatty acid profile, serum lipoproteins, and markers of vascular inflammation.Results  The serum fatty acid profiles of the patients after the intervention mirrored those of the corresponding salmon fillets and the respective salmon feeds. Significant differences between the groups were obtained, especially for the levels of total n‐3 PUFAs and the n‐3/n‐6 FA ratio, which were markedly increased in the FO group in contrast to the two other groups (P < 0·02 for all). Additionally, significant reductions of serum triglycerides and of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and interleukin‐6 were obtained in patients receiving the FO diet when compared with the two other groups (P < 0·05 for all).Conclusions  Tailor‐made Atlantic salmon fillets very high in n‐3 PUFAs of marine origin seem to impose favourable biochemical changes in patients with CHD when compared with ingestion of fillets with intermediate and low levels of marine n‐3 PUFAs, when replaced by rapeseed oil.
Four peptide hormones decrease the number of human breast adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Vesely B. A. , Song S. , Sanchez‐Ramos J. , Fitz S. R. , Solivan S. M. , R. Gower W. , Vesely D. L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground  A family of six hormones, i.e. atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, C‐natriuretic peptide, long‐acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, and kaliuretic peptide's main known biologic properties are sodium and water excreting and blood pressure lowering.Methods and materials  These six hormones, each at their 1‐µm concentrations, were evaluated for their ability to decrease the number and/or proliferation of breast adenocarcinoma cells in culture for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h.Results  Within 24 h, vessel dilator, long‐acting natriuretic peptide, kaliuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide and 8‐bromo‐cyclic GMP, a cell‐permeable analogue of their intracellular mediator cyclic GMP (each at 1 µm), decreased the number of breast adenocarcinoma cells 60%, 31%, 27%, 40%, and 31%, respectively. There was no proliferation in the 3 days following this decrease in breast adenocarcinoma cell number. These same hormones decreased DNA synthesis 69% to 85% (P < 0·001). Brain natriuretic peptide and CNP did not decrease the number of breast adenocarcinoma cells or inhibit their DNA synthesis. Vessel dilator, long‐acting natriuretic peptide, kaliuretic peptide and 8‐bromo‐cyclic GMP (each at 1 µM) decreased the number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle by 62%, 33%, 50%, and 39%, respectively (all P < 0·05). Natriuretic peptide receptors‐A and ‐C were present in the breast adenocarcinoma cells.Conclusions  Four peptide hormones significantly decrease the number of human breast adenocarcinoma cells within 24 h and inhibit the proliferation of these cells for at least 96 h. Their mechanism of doing so involves inhibition of DNA synthesis and a decrease in cells in the S phase of the cell cycle mediated in part by cyclic GMP.
Effects of prolonged oral supplementation with l‐arginine on blood pressure and nitric oxide synthesis in preeclampsia
Authors: Rytlewski K. , Olszanecki R. , Korbut R. , Zdebski Z. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground  Several lines of evidence point to the dysfunction of the endothelial l‐arginine–NO system in preeclampsia. We investigated the influence of dietary supplementation with l‐arginine on blood pressure and biochemical measures of NO production in women with preeclampsia in prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled study.Design  The 61 preeclamptic women on a standardized low nitrate diet received orally 3 g of l‐arginine (n = 30) or placebo (n = 31) daily for 3 weeks as a supplement to standard therapy. The differences between the two groups in systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) as well as in plasma levels of selected aminoacids, plasma concentrations of nitrates/nitrites (NOx) and in 24‐h urine NOx excretion were determined.Results  After 3 weeks of treatment, values of SBP, DPB and MAP were significantly lower in the group taking l‐arginine as compared with the placebo group (SBP: 134·2 ± 2·9 vs. 143·1 ± 2·8; DBP: 81·6 ± 1·7 vs. 86·5 ± 0·9; MAP: 101·8 ± 1·5 vs. 108·0 ± 1·2 mmHg, P < 0·01). Importantly, treatment with exogenous l‐arginine significantly elevated 24‐h urinary excretion of NOx and mean plasma levels of l‐citrulline. Exogenous l‐arginine did not influence plasma concentrations of l‐arginine, l‐ornithine and methylated arginines (ADMA, SDMA, L‐NMMA).Conclusions  We conclude that in women with preeclampsia, prolonged dietary supplementation with l‐arginine significantly decreased blood pressure through increased endothelial synthesis and/or bioavailability of NO. It is tempting to speculate that the supplementary treatment with l‐arginine may represent a new, safe and efficient strategy to improve the function of the endothelium in preeclampsia.
Atorvastatin reduces platelet‐oxidized‐LDL receptor expression in hypercholesterolaemic patients
Authors: Puccetti L. , Sawamura T. , Pasqui A. L. , Pastorelli M. , Auteri A. , Bruni F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground  Oxidized‐LDL (ox‐LDL) are proatherogenic and platelet‐activating molecules. Atorvastatin reduces platelet activity before cholesterol‐lowering action. CD36 and lectin‐like oxidized‐LDL receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) are specific ox‐LDL receptors expressed also in platelets. This study was planned to address whether the possible rapid effect of atorvastatin on platelets could be related to modulation of ox‐LDL receptors.Materials and methods  Forty‐eight hypercholesterolaemic subjects requiring statin treatment (atorvastatin 20 mg day−1) after an ineffective diet regimen were evaluated for complete lipid‐profile (chromogenic); P‐selectin (P‐sel), CD36 and LOX‐1 expression (cytofluorimetric detection); circulating and platelet‐associated ox‐LDL (ox‐ and Pox‐LDL, ELISA); and intracellular citrullin recovery (iCit, HPLC) at baseline and 3, 6 and 9 days after inclusion in the study. Moreover, we studied 48 normal controls matched for sex and age.Results  Platelet activity expressed by P‐sel (in resting and thrombin‐activated cells), CD36 and LOX‐1 were increased in hypercholesterolaemic subjects (all P < 0·01). Atorvastatin induced a reduction of CD36 at 6 days (P < 0·05); and P‐sel in resting (P < 0·001) and activated cells (P < 0·001) and LOX‐1 were reduced at 9 days (all P < 0·001) in association with decreased Pox‐LDL (P < 0·001) and increased iCit (P < 0·01). All data were obtained before a significant reduction of LDL and ox‐LDL was achieved (P = 0·109 and 0·113).Discussion  Present data suggest that platelet deactivation by atorvastatin is related to CD36 and LOX‐1 expression reduction before significant LDL changes. Moreover, the modulation of LOX‐1 can be considered a self‐relevant antiatherothrombotic action of atoravastin owing to the important role of this receptor in the ox‐LDL‐mediated vascular damage.
Drop outs from in‐patient treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Zeeck A. , Hartmann A. , Buchholz C. , Herzog T. 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  Aim of the study was to identify patient characteristics that distinguish drop outs and completers from in‐patient treatment for anorexia nervosa.Method:  A total of 133 consecutively admitted in‐patients with anorexia nervosa (age range 16–50 years; 92.5% women) were analysed using sociodemographic variables as well as measures of psychopathology (SCL‐90‐R, EDI‐2) and interpersonal difficulties (IIP‐C). Patients were treated in a multimodal treatment setting, combining cognitive‐behavioural and psychodynamic components.Results:  Patients, who reported fewer symptoms, were hospitalized before and had a comorbid depression stayed more often in psychotherapy. Patients dropping out of treatment (31.6%) showed a trend to higher levels of maturity fears. Subtype, age, duration of illness, comorbid personality disorders or previous drop outs were not predictive of dropping out.Conclusion:  Addressing the high ambivalence and maturity fears of anorexic patients should be an essential issue in psychotherapy with this patient group.
General psychopathology is more important for executive functioning than diagnosis
Authors: Stordal K. I. , Mykletun A. , Asbjørnsen A. , Egeland J. , Landrø N. I. , Roness A. , Rund B. R. , Sundet K. S. , Lundervold A. J. , Lund A. 
Published: January 2005

Objective:  Impaired executive functioning (EF) has often been reported in patients with major depression or schizophrenia. We hypothesize that the variance in EF is more affected by level of general psychopathology than by diagnosis.Method:  Forty‐three patients with major depression and 47 with schizophrenia were included. EF was measured with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Colour Word Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Digits Backwards and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The level of general psychopathology was measured with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Expanded and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the General psychopathology subscale.Results:  The level of general psychopathology predicted more of the variance in EF than diagnosis. In multivariate analyses, the effect of general psychopathology on EF was more robust for adjustment for diagnosis than vice versa.Conclusion:  Future research on cognitive functioning in psychiatric patients should include level of general psychopathology to avoid overemphasising effects of diagnoses.