bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for Measuring Total Thiaminase Activity in Fish Tissues
Authors: Zajicek James L. , Tillitt Donald E. , Honeyfield Dale C. , Brown Scott B. , Fitzsimons John D. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
An accurate, quantitative, and rapid method for the measurement of thiaminase activity in fish samples is required to provide sufficient information to characterize the role of dietary thiaminase in the onset of thiamine deficiency in Great Lakes salmonines. A radiometric method that uses 14C-thiamine was optimized for substrate and co-substrate (nicotinic acid) concentrations, incubation time, and sample dilution. Total thiaminase activity was successfully determined in extracts of selected Great Lakes fishes and invertebrates. Samples included whole-body and selected tissues of forage fishes. Positive control material prepared from frozen alewives Alosa pseudoharengus collected in Lake Michigan enhanced the development and application of the method. The method allowed improved discrimination of thiaminolytic activity among forage fish species and their tissues. The temperature dependence of the thiaminase activity observed in crude extracts of Lake Michigan alewives followed a Q10 = 2 relationship for the 1–37°C temperature range, which is consistent with the bacterial-derived thiaminase I protein.
Thiamine Content and Thiaminase Activity of Ten Freshwater Stocks and One Marine Stock of Alewives
Authors: Fitzsimons John D. , Williston Bill , Zajicek James L. , Tillitt Donald E. , Brown Scott B. , Brown Lisa R. , Honeyfield Dale C. , Warner David M. , Rudstam Lars G. , Pearsall Webster 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus contain thiaminase activity that has been implicated in the development of a thiamine deficiency and associated effects in salmonines of the Great Lakes basin. Little is known about the factors that regulate thiaminase activity in alewives. We sampled alewives of uniform size (60–120 mm) during the summer of 1998 from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, seven of New York's Finger Lakes, one inland lake in Ontario, and two Great Lakes to assess possible relationships among thiamine, lipid content, fish abundance, lake morphometry, lake productivity, freshwater residency, and thiaminase activity. Thiaminase activity varied significantly among the 11 locations but was unrelated to thiamine concentration, which did not vary significantly. Alewife thiaminase activity in the Finger Lakes was negatively related to lipid content and positively related to measures of lake size (e.g., area, volume, and maximum depth). Activity in the one marine stock sampled in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was comparable to the highest values observed in the 10 freshwater stocks examined. Variation in alewife thiaminase activity has the potential to affect the extent of a thiamine deficiency associated with salmonines who feed on alewives as well as the viability of their offspring.
Implications of Thiamine Deficiency in Great Lakes Salmonines
Authors: Brown Scott B. , Fitzsimons John D. , Honeyfield Dale C. , Tillitt Donald E. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Our recent experimental work and ecoepizootiological assessments provide mechanistic data supporting a plausible hypothesis for an association between a prey base comprised of a large biomass of nonnative alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and the recruitment difficulties currently experienced by Great Lakes salmonines. We hypothesize that the thiamine deficiency induced by alewives, a species harboring high thiaminase activity, represents an ongoing cause of fry and adult mortality in salmonines. Overall ramifications of the thiamine deficiency on recruitment have not been firmly established but may represent a substantial bottleneck for natural recruitment in feral salmonine populations in the Great Lakes.
A Case of Mitochondrial Myopathy and Cleft Palate
Authors: Franklin Joseph A. , Lalikos Janice F. , Wooden William A. 
Published: May 2005

Objective To present a child born with both mitochondrial myopathy and cleft palate, outlining medical complications of this dual diagnosis—the first reported case in English literature. Methods A preterm Caucasian boy presented to the cleft palate clinic at birth for evaluation of a secondary cleft palate. Multiple anomalies were also identified, including rib fusions, ventricular septal dyskinesis, and mild hypotonia. Initial chromosome studies were unremarkable. Results After a multidisciplinary preoperative clearance at 11 months old, the infant underwent palatoplasty and muscle biopsy for evaluation of hypotonia. Upon extubation, he became apneic and unresponsive to anticholinesterase reversals. He was reintubated. The next morning, he was extubated uneventfully and was discharged home on postoperative day 2 (POD2). On POD7, he returned with signs of bronchitis, thereby prompting immediate reevaluation and treatment by his primary pediatrician. On POD13, he presented to an outlying emergency department with cyanosis and poor respiratory drive. Before intubation, he received a depolarizing muscle relaxation; cardiac arrest ensued and resuscitation was unsuccessful. Pathology from the muscle biopsy and postmortem examination ultimately supported mitochondrial myopathy with dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion Mitochondrial myopathies are rare disorders suspected in patients demonstrating developmental delays, hypotonia, cardiomyopathy, conduction system defects, or genetic mutations. In these patients, postoperative complications can be lethal, especially when compounded (e.g., anesthetic drug reactions, respiratory compromise, surgical stress, and postoperative infections). General discussion and specific recommendations are provided.
Effect of an Intraoral Retrusion Plate on Maxillary Arch Dimensions in Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Oosterkamp Barbara C. M. , van Oort Robert P. , Dijkstra Pieter U. , Stellingsma Kees , Bierman Michiel W. J. , de Bont Lambert G. M. 
Published: May 2005

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze maxillary arch dimensions in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate treated with an intraoral retrusion plate prior to lip closure. Patients The effects of the intraoral retrusion plate were evaluated on serially obtained maxillary casts of 14 patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. Results The Student's t test for dependent observations showed a significant decrease in distance between the premaxilla and the cleft lateral segments during active treatment. This decrease correlated with an increase in deviation of the premaxilla in relation to the vomer. For each millimeter decrease in distance between the premaxilla and the cleft lateral segments, an average increase in deviation of 4.0 degrees was found. Left and right cleft widths decreased significantly, premaxillary width increased significantly, and transverse dimensions did not change significantly. Conclusion From this study it can be concluded that active presurgical treatment with an intraoral retrusion plate induces a significant decrease in distance between the premaxilla and the lateral segments. This decrease is frequently accompanied by an increase in deviation of the premaxilla relative to the vomer.
Clinical Study on Eruption of Permanent Canines after Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting
Authors: Matsui Keiko , Echigo Seishi , Kimizuka Satoshi , Takahashi Masato , Chiba Masatoshi 
Published: May 2005

Objective Eruption of cleft-associated permanent canines was studied in 190 patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate and whose permanent canines had not erupted at the time of alveolar bone grafting. In 162 of these patients, width of bone defect was compared between patients who underwent surgical exposure of canines and those whose canines erupted naturally. Results Cleft-associated canines naturally erupted after bone grafting in 150 patients (78.9%) and required surgical exposure in 36 patients (18.9%). Cleft-associated canines had not yet erupted in two patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Nasal-side bone defects were significantly wider in patients who underwent surgical exposure of cleft-associated permanent canines than in those whose cleft-associated permanent canines erupted naturally. Conclusions The present results suggest that nasal-side cleft width is related to the need for surgical exposure of permanent canines in children with cleft lip/palate.
Rigid External Distraction Using Skeletal Anchorage to Cleft Maxilla United with Alveolar Bone Grafting
Authors: Kita Hiroki , Kochi Shoko , Imai Yoshimichi , Yamada Atsushi , Yamaguchi Tai 
Published: May 2005

Objective Documentation of the application of maxillary distraction osteogenesis using rigid external distraction (RED) with skeletal anchorage combined with predistraction alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in cleft maxilla. Design Case report. Patient A patient with numerous congenital missing teeth and severe maxillary deficiency related to complete bilateral cleft lip and palate with large alveolar bone defect. Intervention The patient received preoperative orthodontic treatment, predistraction ABG, and maxillary distraction osteogenesis using RED with skeletal anchorage. Results Predistraction ABG completely united the cleft maxilla. The united maxilla was successfully advanced by the RED system with skeletal anchorage, despite unsound dentition with numerous congenital missing teeth. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the combination of predistraction ABG and RED system with skeletal anchorage is effective for the treatment of severe maxillary deficiency related to complete bilateral cleft lip and palate with large bone defect and numerous congenital missing teeth.
The Training of Teachers for Drug Abuse Education Programs: Preliminary Considerations
Authors: Einstein Stanley , Lavenhar Marvin A. , Wolfson Edward A. , Louria Donald B. , Quinones Mark A. , McAteer Gerald 
Published: May 2005

Recognizing that a variety of responses to the drug abuse problem has resulted, the authors turn their attention to the development of the wide range of educational programs for various population groups. A detailed description of drug programs implemented in the State of New Jersey is presented. The general outline includes the course content, format of workshops, treatment programs sociological considerations and the epidemiology of student drug use. Careful research data relative to the program are presented, analyzed and interpreted. Such factors as knowledge of personal risk associated with drug abuse, and of drug laws, changes in attitude and emphasis on drug topics by the participants in the workshop setting are discussed. Additionally, techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of the program are considered. The authors conclude that an intensive institute using the formats of lectures, discussion groups, and various assignments can result in important changes in the participant's level of knowledge, self-confidence and attitudes in changing his role in the school's drug abuse programs.
Description of a Drug Studies Course Taught in a College Camp Setting
Authors: Timmel Gustave B. 
Published: May 2005

For several years the College at Cortland, State University of New York, has offered a course in drug studies through its Health Science Department. During the 1971 summer session a section of this course was limited to people preparing to teach about drugs as a part of the State-mandated course in Health Education. The New York State Education Department provided stipends for students and paid those consultants who requested fees or expenses. One section of this course was conducted at the college's 250-acre Adirondack camp, the Huntington Memorial Camp. Education law in New York State specifies that there be included in grades Kindergarten through 12 the study of Health. Drugs, in particular, are given a prominent part in this study. The refreshing atmosphere of a well-equipped but otherwise unspoiled camp is described. Its probable effect upon learning, especially the development of attitudes toward drug education, is explored in this article. The nature of the course conduct and content are included, as well.
The Alcoholic Teacher: A Growing Concern of the Next Decade
Authors: Zimering Stanley , McCreery Marianne 
Published: May 2005

“No battle against a public health problem can gain a significant victory if it attends only to the casualties. Appropriate treatment of persons who are abusing alcohol—the primary condition that may lead to alcoholism—can intercept the development of many cases of alcoholism. Yet much of the work in the field of alcoholism has been focused on treating late-stage victims of the disorder. Programs that are exclusively therapeutic or rehabilitative will not result in long-term conquest of the problem unless ways of preventing new cases of alcoholism are developed.” [1] The concept of prevention and early intervention in alcoholism is suggested in much of today's literature. Individuals beset with drinking problems need to be identified early enough in the disease process so as to prevent the physical and social destruction that is eventually evident. The early signs and symptoms of this disorder are not easily observed. An insidious pattern of lateness, family disorders, excuses, frequent visits to the doctor, poor performance on the job and perhaps job related accidents, befall this individual.
Alcohol: A Drug among Drugs
Authors: Lipscomb Wendell R. 
Published: May 2005

A discussion of the motivational aspects of alcohol use progressing from the magical and spiritual to the scientific discussion of alcohol as a drug among drugs. Emphasis is placed upon the recognition of the two major groups of substances available for human use; the magical and non-magical substances. These are carefully contrasted in the text. Alcohol is discussed in terms of a non-magical substance, satisfying all the stated criteria. Its use by people is determined by education, not legal control; by understanding it as one drug among many, it becomes one more human resource in the family of human resources. The article stresses the need to examine people and their choices rather than the substances they use.
Religiosity May Help Preserve the Cortisol Rhythm in Women with Stress-Related Illness
Authors: Dedert Eric A. , Studts Jamie L. , Weissbecker Inka , Salmon Paul G. , Banis Phyllis L. , Sephton Sandra E. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: Fibromyalgia has been characterized as a basic disorder of endocrine stress responses in which psychological stress has been linked both with etiology and symptom severity. This study investigated associations of religiosity and spirituality with psychological and physiological (endocrine) measures of stress in a sample of women with fibromyalgia. Method: Ninety-one participants provided self-reports of religiosity and spirituality using the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and the Index of Core Spiritual Experiences (INSPIRIT). Psychological outcomes were measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and diurnal salivary cortisol profiles were measured as an indicator of neuroendocrine regulation. Results: Hierarchal regression analyses controlling for age and medications likely to affect cortisol levels revealed significant associations of nonorganizational religiosity and intrinsic religiosity with the diurnal cortisol rhythm. Patients reporting medium or high religiosity had rhythmic cortisol profiles characterized by high morning and low evening levels. In contrast, cortisol rhythms of those reporting low religiosity appeared flattened. The association between intrinsic religiosity and cortisol rhythm persisted after controlling for social support. No significant effects of religiosity or spirituality on perceived stress were observed. Conclusions: These data suggest that religiosity may have a protective effect on the physiological effects of stress among women with fibromyalgia.
Can Schools Become a Viable Treatment Modality for Drug Abusers?
Authors: Fernandez Les 
Published: May 2005

This article is based on the informal research findings at the Educage program in White Plains, New York. Since 1967 this experimental educational program has provided “unique educational options” for students unable or unwilling to cope with the demands of conventional school systems. The student population is comprised of former dropouts, expellees (for a variety of reasons including drug abuse), potential dropouts, and students seeking a learning environment that is more compatible to their style and basic temperament. There is every reason to believe that the dramatic changes we have observed in student behavior is closely related to the supportive, friendly, happy, relaxed and accepting environment of Educage. We believe our obligations to the student transcend the mere imparting of fundamental skills and information; that, in fact, we are concerned with preparation for life and not only for college.
Drug Abuse and the Schools
Authors: Greenberg Jerrold S. 
Published: May 2005

In reviewing some of the background information regarding the extent of drug abuse and the types of measures presently being used, this article describes in more detail the role of the school in drug abuse. It is the contention of this writer that the school cannot be effective in this area unless its role is clearly defined. Such factors as the teacher, the school, decision-making, law-enforcing and motivation are, among others, briefly discussed. Emphasis is placed on drug education from the viewpoint of youth, whereby the objectives should relate to students' use or abuse of drugs and not in programming students to behave in a predetermined manner (determined by those, other than students). In addition, the school's relationship and the responsibilities of other institutions within the society are identified and reviewed.
Adolescent Drug Abuses—A Problem of Interpersonal Relations and School Organization
Authors: Dearden Marlin H. 
Published: May 2005

This paper stresses the importance of listening to students and to each other, and the willingness to explore together those areas of personal concern as they exist in individuals and organizational and administrative operation for an effective drug education program. The idea of total school commitment is emphasized and the importance of every classroom becoming a drug prevention scene is clearly defined. The importance of the individual students' need for identity is stressed. The entire school operation concentrates on this concept, the major thrust being that only when the individual becomes aware of himself and his behavior can group awareness be understood.
Preventing the Causes of Drug Abuse
Authors: Goodman J. Knight 
Published: May 2005

This article develops a conceptual model of the causes of drug abuse and proposes an educational effort aimed at preventing those causes. It is the writer's contention that the goal of education should be to prevent dependency rather than focusing on deterring drug experimentation. This means that drug abuse prevention ought to deal with questions relevant to coping with behavior and mental health rather than with drug pharmacology or even a mere explanation of the causes of drug abuse. An example of this approach is presented as it was practiced on one Army post. The article is based partly on the writer's experiences as the director of a drug rehabilitation and education facility dealing mainly with heroin addiction.
Psychological Satisfactions Derived from Smoking Cigarettes in Fifty-Seven Dental Patients
Authors: Christen Arden G. , Glover Elbert D. 
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this study was to discover factors which would help dentists understand the psychology of smoking in some of their patients. Fifty-seven dental patients (thirty-seven men and twenty women) ages nineteen to twenty-five voluntarily attended two free five-day quit smoking clinics. Subjects were given the Horn Smoker's Self-Test which elicits information on six key factors relating to the psychological satisfactions derived from smoking: stimulation, handling, pleasurable relaxation, crutch, craving and habit. The three most important sources of perceived satisfactions for cigarette smokers were craving (77.1%), crutch (tension-reduction, 70.1%) and pleasurable relaxation (59.6%). Women tended to smoke more for tension reduction than men (85% to 62%, respectively) and slightly more for relaxation (65% to 56%). Most smokers reported a combination of the three main factors. In this study, smokers who were attracted to a quit-clinic were generally categorized as hardcore, negative affect types who may need maximal intervention programs and strategies.
An Evaluation of a Teacher Training Program in Drug Education: Results and Implications
Authors: Fiman Byron G. , Maxwell Lucia , Cohn Victor H. 
Published: May 2005

This paper describes an intensive training program in drug education for teachers, presents an evaluation of the program, and discusses the results in terms of the implications for future drug education programs. The major goal of the training program was to positively affect the teacher-student interaction concerning drugs by training the teacher in each aspect of the interaction, facilitating the teacher's awareness of his own drug attitudes and interpersonal style, developing insight into the psycho-social context of student drug usage, and providing accurate information about the pharmacological effects of drugs. Evaluation of the program was made with survey instruments administered on the first and last days of the three-week training course. The instrument consisted of items designed to assess demographic characteristics; training course expectations; attitudes about the educational process, drug usage, and controversial aspects of the current youth scene; drug knowledge; and the evaluation of specific aspects of the course. Although pre-post differences were relatively small and were not statistically significant, drug knowledge showed a substantial increase, and attitudes about drugs and drug users became less negative and more nonjudgmental. Attitudes about the educational process and feelings about youth essentially remained at the same level. An overwhelming majority of teachers felt that the training course had provided valuable results for them and that they would be better teachers as a result. There is little evidence, however, for any major attitude change in the manner they perceived drugs and the drug user from a philosophical and moralistic viewpoint. It is important to reexamine the administrative goals of drug education programs, the process of selectively recruiting drug education staff, and inservice training strategies. An appropriate goal may be the facilitation of an awareness among students of their own motivations for using drugs and the development of a more intelligent decision-making process about drug usage. It appears from the training course data that those teachers with less traditional attitudes about education and/or less negative attitudes about the current youth scene tended also to have a less negative and judgmental attitudes about drugs and drug users and may thus be able to more easily establish good rapport with young people. Finally, the public school administration should treat drug education as a specialized subject area, and implement a selection process to identify those teachers who have the most likelihood of successfully achieving program goals. For this staff, inservice training might focus on the communication process, on the dynamics of value clarification, and on the adoption of effective interpersonal skills, in addition to more factual material.