bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insider trading
Authors: Aston Nigel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The final, twelfth chapter is focused on the varied interaction of Oxford graduates with each other and with outsiders through kinship, friendship, and intermarriage, which underlay the enduring centrality and leverage of the University in national life. Patronage and brokerage were crucial but there were also important, non-contractual dimensions operative within this range of networks. Fond memories of past associations were likely to be stimulated through social gatherings, and these developed more formally over the century. Old college connections could bring clergy, otherwise frequently intellectually isolated in rural settings, into mutual contact. The ultimate sign of alumni institutional loyalty was to leave a bequest, and here the largest donors tended to be laymen. Benefactions were, above all, a token of goodwill, a remittance intended to foster the same sentiments in succeeding generations.
Spanish in the U.S. and in Chicago
Authors: Potowski Kim , Torres Lourdes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the study of Spanish in Chicago, a site where Spanish is a minority language in contact with dominant English. The chapter establishes the book’s project—to describe the oral Spanish of Chicago-based Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and MexiRicans across three generations, and identify patterns of change, and propose explanations for them. The chapter describes the book’s grounding theoretical framework; it discusses possible language or dialect contact outcomes such as linguistic convergence, dialect leveling, accommodation, koine formation, and language loss. The chapter reviews the history of the Puerto Rican and Mexican communities in Chicago, including histories of settlement, shifting demographics, contact and engagement, and mutual social and linguistic attitudes. It introduces the category of mixed MexiRicans, who can shed light on intrafamilial dialect contact. The chapter closes with a discussion of previous studies on Spanish in Chicago and the book’s central research questions.
The Chicago Spanish (CHISPA) Corpus
Authors: Potowski Kim , Torres Lourdes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the Chicago Spanish corpus, or CHISPA (CHI-cago SPA-nish), and how it was collected and analyzed. It explains that interviews were conducted with a total of 124 Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and MexiRicans from three generations. The chapter describes how the proficiency level of each speaker was determined on a scale ranging from 1 (low) to 5 (high) and presents the average Spanish proficiency of each group by generation and regional group. Words per minute (WPM) were measured to assess whether region, proficiency, or generation are correlated with WPM. The chapter then discusses the variables of age, gender, and socioeconomic status of study participants. The chapter ends with a description of interview procedures. Three appendices provide demographic details on all participants, examples of oral speech at each proficiency level, and interview questions.
Lexical Familiarity
Authors: Potowski Kim , Torres Lourdes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the extent to which Mexicans and Puerto Ricans of different generations are familiar with each other’s distinctive lexical items and whether this familiarity is connected to regional origin, generational group, and Spanish proficiency. It begins with a review of studies of dialect contact and then describes the study’s methodology and participants. It details how a baseline of “homeland” speakers (Mexican and Puerto Ricans who never left their respective homelands) was determined to compare to the Chicago Latino speakers. The chapter presents both outgroup and ingroup lexical familiarity scores. The chapter moves on to address the lexical familiarity of MexiRicans who by virtue of their mixed status experience varying degrees of intrafamilial dialect contact and do not have an outgroup. The chapter then presents data on individual lexical items and finally compares speakers’ proficiency rating with their overall lexical scores.
Phonology
Authors: Potowski Kim , Torres Lourdes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines several phonological realizations in the Spanish of Latinos in Chicago. The goal of the chapter is to look for evidence of accommodation in /s/ and /r̄/ realizations by first-, second-, and third-generation Mexican and Puerto Rican Spanish speakers in Chicago, as well as patterns of use of these two variables among MexiRicans who experienced intrafamilial dialect contact. First, the chapter reviews studies of phonological accommodation in situations of Spanish dialect contact. The chapter then presents research questions and methodology. Rates of /s/ weakening and /r̄/ velarization are analyzed according to regional origin, generation, and generation and regional origin together, as well as according to interlocutor and according to interlocutor and generational group. Also considered is the extent to which /s/ weakening and /r̄/ velarization occur together. The chapter provides a qualitative review of narratives to understand the factors that condition phonological realizations.
Water
Authors: Bamforth Charles W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Water is the major component of all beers, except for those containing peculiarly high levels of alcohol. Its composition impacts the brewing process and beer quality, with the two extreme examples of famed brewing “liquor” being the very soft water (low levels of calcium and magnesium) of Pilsen in the Czech Republic and the extremely hard water of Burton-on-Trent, England. Brewers can adjust the mineral composition of the water to suite the beer style. Much more water is used in a brewery than that used to extract the malt. Water is used for cleaning, for converting into steam to heat vessels, and to cool process streams. A yardstick for water usage that many brewers aspire to is three barrels of water for every barrel of beer. Even more water is used in the provision of materials such as malted barley and hops than is used in the brewery itself.
A real-world 2-year prospective study of medication tapering in patients with well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis within the rheumatoid arthritis medication tapering (RHEUMTAP) cohort
Authors: Tageldin Mohamed , Wilson Nicole , Yin Yue , Sharma Tarun S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study had two aims: (i) to investigate outcomes of medication tapering in stable RA patients on biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs/tsDMARDs) and conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) in a real-world prospective cohort; and (ii) to evaluate possible predictors of flare with medication taper.

Methods
A prospective cohort of patients with RA in sustained remission or low disease activity while on stable bDMARD/tsDMARDs +/– csDMARDs for at least 6 months underwent medication tapering/stopping and was tracked for 2 years. Patients were evaluated for flares in four groups: no taper, only bDMARD/tsDMARD taper, only csDMARD taper and both csDMARD and bDMARD/tsDMARD taper.

Results
The RHEUMTAP cohort included 131 patients that met eligibility criteria, of which 52 patients underwent a medication taper. Flare was experienced by 15 patients in the taper and two in the no-taper groups. Patients undergoing any taper/stop overall were 10 times more likely to experience a flare compared with those not tapered (HR 10.43, 95% CI 2.98–36.53, P = 0.0002). The group tapering bDMARD/tsDMARD had 31 times higher risk of flare (HR 31.43, 95% CI 6.35–155.55, P &lt;0.0001) than the no-taper group. Patients tapering both csDMARDs and bDMARD/tsDMARDs had 18 times higher risk of flare than the no-taper group (HR 18.45, 95% CI 2.55–133.37, P = 0.0039). The only csDMARD taper group had a 91% lower risk of flare than the bDMARD/tsDMARD taper group (HR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.69, P = 0.0213).

Conclusion
In our real-world prospective RHEUMTAP cohort study on the outcomes of different medication tapering groups in well-controlled RA, patients who tapered or stopped bDMARDs/tsDMARDs with or without background therapy were more likely to experience a flare than patients that did not taper any medications and those that tapered only csDMARDs.
Policing the California Outercity: Drivers of Police Spending in a Changing Metropolis
Authors: Ross Ángel Mendiola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the intersection of two major trends in the United States over the last forty years: a substantial investment in local law enforcement and the diversification of suburbia. While previous research on police spending has focused almost exclusively on large central cities, this study broadens this perspective to assess how these dynamics play out in outer-ring suburbs. I construct a unique panel dataset of over 200 California municipalities and find that the drivers of police spending vary across the metropolis in significant ways. Fixed-effects models that control for unobserved heterogeneity across place suggest that suburbs with growing shares of renters spend more on police. Elaborating on the concept of renter threat, I show how increases in renter households are associated with increases in police expenditures across a range of model specifications in suburbia. I point to suburban homeowner concerns about crime and property values as well as the history of racial exclusion in suburbia that is often couched in economic terms as potential explanations for these findings. Results point to the enduring role of police as a contemporary mechanism of both social control and inequality in California suburbs.
A Critical Feminist Perspective on Climate Change Adaptation Plans: Mapping Municipal Recognition, Dialog, and Budgeting
Authors: Benjamin Orly , Krigel Karni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Feminists’ scholarship and critique of gender climate injustice have exposed just how scarce the practical efforts to correct it are. The challenge of generating incentives designed to encourage urban planning that accounts for expected intersectional vulnerabilities during climate disasters reflects a gap in knowledge: how does professionals’ awareness of intensified vulnerabilities inform climate adaptation plans (CAPs)? We propose an intersectional critical feminist perspective evaluating recognition, dialog, and budgeting that decodes the social process by which professionals’ knowledge of intersectional vulnerabilities is lost before informing CAPs. Based on an empirical investigation of the increasing gender awareness among administrators who accumulate knowledge about women’s vulnerabilities, our analysis contributes an explanation of the marginalization of gender mainstreaming toolkits in urban CAPs. We show that even in municipalities characterized by increasing levels of recognition, relevant knowledge rarely informs the dialog, and planning appropriate responses for intersectional vulnerabilities is left unbudgeted.
Phytophthora sojae Effector PsCRN108 Targets CAMTA2 to Suppress HSP40 Expression and ROS Burst
Authors: Yang Zitong , Ai Gan , Lu Xinyu , Li Yuke , Miao Jinlu , Song Wen , Xu Heng , Liu Jinding , Shen Danyu , Dou Daolong 
Published: October 2023

Oomycete pathogens secrete numerous crinkling and necrosis proteins (CRNs) to manipulate plant immunity and promote infection. However, the functional mechanism of CRN effectors is still poorly understood. Previous research has shown that the Phytophthora sojae effector PsCRN108 binds to the promoter of HSP90s and inhibits their expression, resulting in impaired plant immunity. In this study, we found that in addition to HSP90, PsCRN108 also suppressed other Heat Shock Protein ( HSP) family genes, including HSP40. Interestingly, PsCRN108 inhibited the expression of NbHSP40 through its promoter, but did not directly bind to its promoter. Instead, PsCRN108 interacted with NbCAMTA2, a negative regulator of plant immunity. NbCAMTA2 was a negative regulator of NbHSP40 expression, and PsCRN108 could promote such inhibition activity of NbCAMTA2. Our results elucidated the multiple roles of PsCRN108 in the suppression of plant immunity and revealed a new mechanism by which the CRN effector hijacked transcription factors to affect immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Impact of Inoculation Practices on Microbiota Assembly and Community Stability in a Fabricated Ecosystem
Authors: Lin Hsiao-Han , Torres Marta , Adams Catharine A. , Andeer Peter F. , Owens Trenton K. , Zhalnina Kateryna , Jabusch Lauren K. , Carlson Hans K. , Kuehl Jennifer V. , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Northen Trent R. , Glass N. Louise , Mortimer Jenny C. 
Published: October 2023

Studying plant–microbe–soil interactions is challenging due to their high complexity and variability in natural ecosystems. While fabricated ecosystems provide opportunities to recapitulate aspects of these systems in reduced complexity and controlled environments, inoculation can be a significant source of variation. To tackle this, we evaluated how different bacterial inoculation practices and plant harvesting time points affect the reproducibility of a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) in association with the model grass Brachypodium distachyon. We tested three microbial inoculation practices, seed inoculation, transplant inoculation, and seedling inoculation, and two harvesting points, early (14-day-old plants) and late (21 days postinoculation). We grew our plants and bacterial strains in sterile devices (EcoFABs) and characterized the microbial community from root, rhizosphere, and sand using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The results showed that inoculation practices significantly affected the rhizosphere microbial community when harvesting at an early time point but not at the late time point. As the SynCom showed a persistent association with B. distachyon at 21 days postinoculation regardless of inoculation practices, we assessed the reproducibility of each inoculation method and found that transplant inoculation showed the highest reproducibility. Moreover, plant biomass was not adversely affected by transplant inoculation treatment. We concluded that bacterial inoculation while transplanting coupled with a later harvesting time point gives the most reproducible microbial community in the EcoFAB− B. distachyon−SynCom fabricated ecosystem. We recommend this method as a standardized protocol for use with fabricated ecosystem experimental systems. [Formula: see text] This manuscript has been authored by an author at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Temporal Relations Between Pain Catastrophizing and Adverse Health and Mental Health Outcomes Following Whiplash Injury
Authors: Paré Catherine , Yamada Keiko , Sullivan Michael J. L. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
Pain catastrophizing has been shown to be a prognostic indicator for pain severity and the co-occurrence of mental health conditions such as depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) following whiplash injury. However, the pattern of available findings is limited in its implications for the possible ‘antecedent’ or ‘causal’ role of pain catastrophizing. The purpose of the present study was to examine the temporal relations between pain catastrophizing, pain severity, depressive symptoms, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in individuals receiving treatment for whiplash injury.

Methods:
The sample consisted of 388 individuals enrolled in a multidisciplinary program for whiplash injury. Participants completed self-report measures of pain catastrophizing, pain severity, depressive symptoms, and PTSS at the time of admission, mid-treatment (4 wk), and treatment completion (7 wk). A cross-lagged panel analysis was used to examine the temporal relations between pain catastrophizing, pain severity, depressive symptoms, and PTSS across all three timepoints.

Results:
Model fit was acceptable following the inclusion of modification indices. Pain catastrophizing at the time of admission predicted all other variables at 4 weeks. Pain catastrophizing at 4 weeks also predicted all other variables at 7 weeks. In addition, some bidirectional relations were present, particularly for variables assessed at week 4 and week 7.

Discussion:
Findings support the view that pain catastrophizing might play a transdiagnostic role in the onset and maintenance of health and mental health conditions. The findings call for greater emphasis on the development of treatment techniques which target pain catastrophizing in intervention programs for whiplash injury.
A National Modified Delphi Consensus Process to Prioritize Experiences and Interventions for Antipsychotic Medication Deprescribing Among Adult Patients With Critical Illness
Authors: Jaworska Natalia , Makuk Kira , Krewulak Karla D. , Niven Daniel J. , Ismail Zahinoor , Burry Lisa D. , Mehta Sangeeta , Fiest Kirsten M. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Antipsychotic medications are frequently prescribed to critically ill patients leading to their continuation at transitions of care thereafter. The aim of this study was to generate evidence-informed consensus statements with key stakeholders on antipsychotic minimization and deprescribing for ICU patients.

DESIGN:
We completed three rounds of surveys in a National modified Delphi consensus process. During rounds 1 and 2, participants used a 9-point Likert scale (1—strongly disagree, 9—strongly agree) to rate perceptions related to antipsychotic prescribing (i.e., experiences regarding delivery of patient care), knowledge and frequency of antipsychotic use, knowledge surrounding antipsychotic guideline recommendations, and strategies (i.e., interventions addressing current antipsychotic prescribing practices) for antipsychotic minimization and deprescribing. Consensus was defined as a median score of 1–3 or 7–9. During round 3, participants ranked statements on antipsychotic minimization and deprescribing strategies that achieved consensus (median score 7–9) using a weighted ranking scale (0–100 points) to determine priority.

SETTING:
Online surveys distributed across Canada.

SUBJECTS:
Fifty-seven stakeholders (physicians, nurses, pharmacists) who work with ICU patients.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Participants prioritized six consensus statements on strategies for consideration when developing and implementing interventions to guide antipsychotic minimization and deprescribing. Statements focused on limiting antipsychotic prescribing to patients: 1) with hyperactive delirium, 2) at risk to themselves, their family, and/or staff due to agitation, and 3) whose care and treatment are being impacted due to agitation or delirium, and prioritizing 4) communication among staff about antipsychotic effectiveness, 5) direct and efficient communication tools on antipsychotic deprescribing at transitions of care, and 6) medication reconciliation at transitions of care.

CONCLUSIONS:
We engaged diverse stakeholders to generate evidence-informed consensus statements regarding antipsychotic prescribing perceptions and practices that can be used to implement interventions to promote antipsychotic minimization and deprescribing strategies for ICU patients with and following critical illness.
Plasma Interleukin-6 Predicts Clinical Decline After Completion of Dexamethasone Therapy in Severe COVID-19
Authors: Mabrey F. Linzee , Bhatraju Pavan K. , Morrell Eric D. , Zelnick Leila R. , Sathe Neha A. , O’Connor Nicholas G. , Mikacenic Carmen , Martin Thomas R. , Liles W. Conrad , Wurfel Mark M. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To identify and characterize clinical decline after completion of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 and determine whether interleukin (IL)-6 and other inflammatory biomarkers predict the occurrence of clinical decline.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational cohort.

SETTING:
ICUs in three University of Washington affiliated hospitals between July 2020 and April 2021.

PATIENTS:
Patients admitted to an ICU with COVID-19 who completed a course of dexamethasone.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We identified 65 adult patients with severe COVID-19 who completed a 10-day course of dexamethasone, of whom 60 had plasma samples collected within 3 days of dexamethasone completion. We measured IL-6 with a clinical-grade electrochemiluminescent assay and a larger panel of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-8, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Monocyte Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha, interferon gamma, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10, WBC, bicarbonate) with a research immunoassay. We defined clinical decline by the occurrence of incident severe kidney injury, incident or escalating shock or fever, worsening hypoxemia, or death within 5 days of completion of dexamethasone. We estimated risk for clinical decline by standardized log2 transformed biomarker concentration using multivariable logistic regression. Clinical decline post-dexamethasone was common, occurring in 49% of patients (n = 32). Among all biomarkers, IL-6 levels were most strongly associated with clinical decline. After adjustment for age, sex, and study site, the odds of post-dexamethasone clinical decline were 7.33 times higher per one sd increase in log2 transformed IL-6 concentrations (adjusted odds ratio, 7.33; CI, 2.62–20.47; p < 0.001). The discriminatory power of IL-6 for clinical decline was high (cross-validated mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79–0.95).

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinical decline after completion of dexamethasone for severe COVID-19 is common. IL-6 concentrations obtained prior to completion of dexamethasone may have utility in identifying those at highest risk for subsequent worsening. If validated, future work might test whether plasma IL-6 could be used as a tool for a personalized approach to duration of dexamethasone treatment in severe COVID-19.