bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FEMALE MATING SWARMS INCREASE PREDATION RISK IN A 'ROLE-REVERSED' DANCE FLY (DIPTERA: EMPIDIDAE: RHAMPHOMYIA LONGICAUDA LOEW)
Authors: Gwynne Darryl , Bussière Luc 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMate acquiring activities often expose males to increased risks of predation. In species where females are more competitive than males (i.e. a reversal in the conventional mating roles), the mate-acquiring biology of females is expected to increase their exposure to predators. Our observational study of a role-reversed dance fly, Rhamphomyia longicauda Loew (Empididae), supports this prediction. Within predominantly female swarms, R. longicauda display structures in flight that are assessed by males. Structural and behavioural components of the display should increase the risk of predation on females. We found more females than males captured in spider webs. This bias in predation was not due to a female-bias in population sex-ratios of the dance fly and the nature of web predation appears to rule out the hypothesis that spiders actively favour females as prey.
SIZE-ASSORTATIVE PAIRING IN THE BIG-CLAWED SNAPPING SHRIMP, ALPHEUS HETEROCHELIS
Authors: Rahman Nasreen , Dunham  , Govind  
Published: February 2003

Abstract
The big-clawed snapping shrimp, Alpheus heterochelis, is found in size-matched male-female pairs. A common assumption is that a large size advantage in males, an extended pair bond, and a positive correlation between female size and fecundity promotes size-assortative pairing. Since all of these conditions apply to A. heterochelis, we investigated size-assortative pairing in the laboratory by designing experiments in which the pairs were size matched or mismatched using three size categories; large, medium and small. We found that snapping shrimps prefer to pair according to size and that such pairing is stable. We also found that, contrary to the initial assumptions, female-female competition and female choice for large males plays the main role in the pair formation process. Smaller, and hence less competitively successful, females will pair with smaller males, but in a male-biased environment, will preferentially pair with larger males. Large males provide the best protection from shelter eviction, which is crucial for female A. heterochelis, as their reproduction is closely associated with moult, and therefore requires shelter and a male present for successful reproduction.
MATERNAL CARE IN THE NEOTROPICAL HARVESTMAN BOURGUYIA ALBIORNATA (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES): OVIPOSITION SITE SELECTION AND EGG PROTECTION
Authors: Machado Glauco , Oliveira Paulo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFemales of the harvestman Bourguyia albiornata oviposit almost exclusively inside the tube formed by the curled leaves of the bromeliad Aechmea nudicaulis. Oviposition is not correlated with rainfall or with temperature, but is negatively correlated with the number of individuals of A. nudicaulis emitting flowers. Because the inflorescence stalk occupies the tube of leaves of flowering bromeliads, oviposition site is not available for ovigerous females. During one year, 83.6% of the females produced only one egg-batch and the remaining produced two or three batches. The mean number of eggs per batch along successive reproductive events decreased significantly. A field experiment in which females were removed from the nest bromeliad showed that less than 7% of the unprotected eggs survived beyond two weeks. In a control in which females were maintained over the eggs, predators attacked only one egg-batch. Ants were the most important egg predators, and at the study site at least 20 species nest and/or forage in A. nudicaulis. Intense predation on eggs by generalist predators may be an important pressure promoting parental care in Neotropical harvestmen.
When Translation Meets Metabolism: Multiple Links to Diabetes
Authors: Shi Yuguang , Taylor Simeon I. , Tan Seng-Lai , Sonenberg Nahum 
Published: February 2003

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a polygenic disorder characterized by multiple biochemical defects including transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational abnormalities. Although major progress has been made in elucidation of factors at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, defects at the translational level remain elusive. Mutation of a kinase that regulates translation initiation has been implicated in the etiology of a monogenic form of diabetes known as Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. Characterization of mice rendered deficient in eukaryotic initiation factors has provided model systems to study the involvement of translation in regulating insulin synthesis and secretion, hepatic function, peripheral insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Recent progress in the understanding of endoplasmic reticulum overload by unfolded proteins has begun to uncover mechanisms leading to pancreatic β-cell exhaustion. Future advances in this area may lead to identification of the missing links in the pathogenesis of β-cell failures due to conditions such as hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and long-term treatment with sulfonylureas, and thus may identify novel therapeutic targets for diabetes.
Twoendothelin 1effectors,hand2andbapx1,pattern ventral pharyngeal cartilage and the jaw joint
Authors: Miller Craig T. , Yelon Deborah , Stainier Didier Y. R. , Kimmel Charles B. 
Published: February 2003

A conserved endothelin 1 signaling pathway patterns the jaw and other pharyngeal skeletal elements in mice, chicks and zebrafish. In zebrafish,endothelin 1 (edn1 or sucker) is required for formation of ventral cartilages and joints in the anterior pharyngeal arches of young larvae. Here we present genetic analyses in the zebrafish of twoedn1 downstream targets, the bHLH transcription factor Hand2 and the homeobox transcription factor Bapx1, that mediate dorsoventral (DV) patterning in the anterior pharyngeal arches.First we show that edn1-expressing cells in the first (mandibular)and second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch primordia are located most ventrally and surrounded by hand2-expressing cells. Next we show that along the DV axis of the early first arch primordia, bapx1 is expressed in an intermediate domain, which later marks the jaw joint, and this expression requires edn1 function. bapx1 function is required for formation of the jaw joint, the joint-associated retroarticular process of Meckel's cartilage, and the retroarticular bone. Jaw joint expression ofchd and gdf5 also requires bapx1 function.Similar to edn1, hand2 is required for ventral pharyngeal cartilage formation. However, the early ventral arch edn1-dependent expression of five genes (dlx3, EphA3, gsc, msxe and msxb)are all present in hand2 mutants. Further, msxe andmsxb are upregulated in hand2 mutant ventral arches. Slightly later, an edn1-dependent ventral first arch expression domain of gsc is absent in hand2 mutants, providing a common downstream target of edn1 and hand2. In hand2mutants, bapx1 expression is present at the joint region, and expanded ventrally. In addition, expression of eng2, normally restricted to first arch dorsal mesoderm, expands ventrally in hand2and edn1 mutants. Thus, ventral pharyngeal specification involves repression of dorsal and intermediate (joint region) fates. Together our results reveal two critical edn1 effectors that pattern the vertebrate jaw: hand2 specifies ventral pharyngeal cartilage of the lower jaw and bapx1 specifies the jaw joint.
Evaluating the function and psychometric properties of a violence risk screening tool in a community sample of adolescents
Authors: Sigel Eric J. , Ladika Amanda , Mattson Sabrina Arredondo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractYouth violence continues to be widespread. Despite numerous evidence‐based programs that reduce youth violence, objective ways to identify youth in need of services is lacking. Few screening tools are available that enables practitioners or community organizations to predict who may perpetrate serious violence. The Violence Injury Protection and Risk Screen (VIPRS) is a previously validated screening tool providing a framework to address youth violence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the VIPRS in a community sample for use in multiple settings. Youth participating in a community‐focused youth violence prevention intervention served as the study subjects. Households with youth ages 10−17 were eligible to participate. Study personnel verbally asked youth survey questions and recorded answers on a laptop. Multiple measures—including risk factors for violent behavior as well as, violence and delinquency scales, were asked. Eleven hundred youth participated. Mean age was 13.3; 53% female, 26% Black, 58% Hispanic, 11% more than 1 race. Twenty percent screened positive on the VIPRS—28% male versus 13% female (p = .000). Violence‐related behaviors were common: 33% were in a physical fight, 27% experienced cyberbullying victimization, and 9% perpetrated a minor assault. The VIPRS demonstrated robust criterion validity with significant correlation to multiple violence measures (0.3−0.6). Scoring positive on the VIPRS conveyed increased odds of reporting other violent behaviors, such as perpetrating physical aggression (OR: 7 [95% CI: 5.1−11.5]). Overall, the VIPRS performed well in a community sample of youth further validating its psychometric functioning while demonstrating the potential for use in settings beyond healthcare.
Representational similarity analysis of self‐ versus other‐processing: Effect of trait aggressiveness
Authors: Knyazev Gennady G. , Savostyanov Alexander N. , Bocharov Andrey V. , Saprigyn Alexander E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, using the self/other adjective judgment task, we aimed to explore how people perceive themselves in comparison to various other people, including friends, strangers, and those they dislike. Next, using representational similarity analysis, we sought to elucidate how these perceptual similarities and differences are represented in brain activity and how aggressiveness is related to these representations. Behavioral ratings show that, on average, people tend to consider themselves more like their friends than neutral strangers, and least like people they dislike. This pattern of similarity is positively correlated with neural representation in social and cognitive circuits of the brain and negatively correlated with neural representation in emotional centers that may represent emotional arousal associated with various social objects. Aggressiveness seems to predispose a person to a pattern of behavior that is the opposite of the average pattern, that is, a tendency to think of oneself as less like one's friends and more like one's enemies. This corresponds to an increase in the similarity of the behavioral representation with the representation in the emotional centers and a decrease in its similarity with the representation in the social and cognitive centers. This can be seen as evidence that in individuals prone to aggression, behavior in the social environment may depend to a greater extent on the representation of social objects in the emotional rather than social and cognitive brain circuits.
Weakened sympathetic response and lower parasympathetic activity in intimate partner violence perpetrators when empathizing: Influence of autonomous activation in affective approach and prosocial behavior
Authors: Comes‐Fayos Javier , Moreno Isabel R. , Lila Marisol , Romero‐Martínez Angel , Moya‐Albiol Luis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning has been proposed as a relevant method to characterize the therapeutic needs of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators. Nevertheless, research has neglected the influence of the ANS on socio‐affective functions in this population. The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychophysiological activity of IPV perpetrators (n = 52) compared to controls (n = 46) following an empathic induction task, performed through negative emotion‐eliciting videos. We employed two general ANS markers (heart rate [HR] and respiratory rate [RR]), two sympathetic‐related indexes (pre‐ejection period [PEP] and skin conductance level [SCL]) and a parasympathetic biomarker (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]). Additionally, we explored the impact of psychophysiological activity on prosocial behavior using Hare's donation procedure. Compared to controls, IPV perpetrators reported lower HR and SCL following the task, as well as longer PEP, suggesting an attenuated sympathetic response to others' distress. No differences in the RSA response pattern were found, however, IPV perpetrators displayed lower overall RSA levels throughout the protocol, indicative of reduced parasympathetic activity. Besides, while no differences in prosocial performance were observed, greater sympathetic responses and overall parasympathetic activity predicted increased donations across the sample. Thus, a high sympathetic and parasympathetic activity might influence the occurrence of prosocial behavior. The present study provides further evidence supporting that IPV perpetrators cope differently with others' negative emotions. In line with this biopsychosocial perspective, insights are gained on the emotional processing of IPV perpetrators which, in turn, could contribute to improve IPV psychotherapeutic programs.
The coevolution of bullying and friendship networks
Authors: Yuan Wen , Zhang Xuran , Wang Lingfei , Li Yanfang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe coevolution of bullying and friendship networks and the moderating effects of classroom bullying popularity norms were examined in a sample of 965 students (52.1% boys) in 22 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade classes. Longitudinal social network analysis showed that children were more likely to bully their friends' victims (bully influence effect) and to be bullied by their friends' bullies (victim influence effect); two children bullying the same child were likely to be friends (bully selection effect), and two victims bullied by the same child were likely to be friends (victim selection effect). Bullying popularity norms served as moderators, and the bully selection effect was significant weaker in the context of low bullying popularity norms. This study adds understanding of bullying as a group process and provides implications for preventing school bullying.
An Improved Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A 3D In Vitro Model under Static and Mechanical Loading Conditions
Authors: van Velthoven Melissa J. J. , Gudde Aksel N. , van der Kruit Marit , van Loon Malou P. C. , Rasing Lissy , Wagener Frank A. D. T. G. , Roovers Jan‐Paul , Guler Zeliha , Kouwer Paul H. J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe suboptimal outcomes of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery illustrate the demand for improved therapies. However, their development is hampered by the limited knowledge on the cellular pathophysiology of POP. Current investigations, that are limited to tissues and 2D in vitro models, provide highly inconclusive results on how the extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and fibroblasts are affected in POP. This study uses a physiologically relevant 3D in vitro model to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of POP by determining the differences between POP and non‐POP fibroblasts on ECM metabolism, proliferation, and fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast (FMT) transition. This model, based on the synthetic and biomimetic polyisocyanide hydrogel, enables the incorporation of mechanical loading, which simulates the forces exerted on the pelvic floor. Under static conditions, 3D cultured POP fibroblasts are less proliferative, undergo FMT, and exhibit lower collagen and elastin contents compared to non‐POP fibroblasts. However, under mechanical loading, the differences between POP and non‐POP fibroblasts are less pronounced. This study contributes to the development of more comprehensive models that can accurately mimic the POP pathophysiology, which will aid in an enhanced understanding and may contribute to improved therapies in the future.
Homology‐Activated Ultrasensitive Nanomedicines for Precise NIR‐II FL/MRI Imaging‐Guided “Knock‐On” Dynamic Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dai Rong , Zhao Mingxin , Zheng Xiaochun , Li Dongsheng , Kang Weiwei , Hao Huifang , Chen Xuejiao , Jin Yarong , Li Juan , Liu Qin , Zheng Ziliang , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStimuli‐responsive nanomedicines represent a pivotal technology for in situ on‐demand drug release and offer multiple advantages over conventional drug delivery systems to combat rheumatoid arthritis(RA). However, the lack of sensitivity to a single‐stimuli source or the inability to synchronize multi‐stimuli responses can easily lead to challenges in achieving precise‐theranostics of RA. Herein, a homology‐activated ultrasensitive nanomedicines MnO2‐CQ4T‐GOx(MCG NMs) is designed for NIR‐II fluorescence(NIR‐II FL)/magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)‐guided effective “knock‐on” dynamic anti‐RA therapy. Building upon the characteristics of the RA‐microenvironment, the MCG innovatively construct a MnO2‐Mn2+ system, which can normalized activation sites. The ultrasensitive‐responsive degradation is achieved using the multi‐stimuli processes in the RA‐microenvironment, triggering release of functional small molecules. The produced Mn2+ can exert Fenton‐like activity to generate •OH from H2O2, thus providing the effective chemodynamic therapy(CDT). Moreover, the up‐regulation of H2O2 by GOx‐catalysis not only sensitizes the MnO2‐Mn2+ system but also achieves self‐enhancing CDT efficacy. The NIR‐II FL quenching of CQ4T‐BSA in the aggregated state occurs in MCG NMs, which can be rapidly and precisely “turn‐on” via the MnO2‐Mn2+ system. Meanwhile, the integration of activated Mn2+‐based MRI imaging has successfully developed an activatable dual‐modal imaging. Feedback imaging‐guided precise photodynamic therapy of CQ4T‐BSA can achieve efficient “knock‐on” dynamic therapy for RA.
Fast Kinetics Design for Solid‐State Battery Device
Authors: Wang Yichao , Li Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFast kinetics of solid‐state batteries at the device level is not adequately explored to achieve fast charging and discharging. In this work, a leap forward is achieved for fast kinetics in full cells with high cathode loading and areal capacity. This kinetic improvement is achieved by designing a hierarchical structure of electrode composites. In the cathode, the authors’ design enables high areal capacities above 3 mAh cm−2 to be stably cycled at high current densities of ≈13–40 mA cm−2, yielding a C‐rate from 5 to 10 C. In the anode, the authors’ design breaks the common rule of the negative correlation between critical C‐rate and the discharge voltage that is observed in most other anodes. The overall design enables the fast cycling of such batteries for over 4000 cycles at room temperature and 5 C charge‐rate. The design principles unveiled by this work help to understand critical kinetic processes in battery devices that limit the fast cycling at high cathode loading and speed up the design of high‐performance solid‐state batteries.
Autonomous Atmospheric Water Harvesting over a Wide RH Range Enabled by Super Hygroscopic Composite Aerogels
Authors: Zhang Xueping , Qu Hao , Li Xiangyu , Zhang Lenan , Zhang Yaoxin , Yang Jiachen , Zhou Mengjuan , Suresh Lakshmi , Liu Siqi , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) offers a sustainable strategy to address the global freshwater shortage. However, obtaining sorbents with excellent performance over a wide relative humidity (RH) range and devices with fully autonomous water production remains challenging. Herein, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is innovatively converted into super hygroscopic magnesium complexes(MC), which can effectively solve the problems of salt deliquescence and agglomeration. The MC are then integrated with photothermal aerogels composed of sodium alginate and carbon nanotubes (SA/CNTs) to form composite aerogels, which showed high water uptake over a wide RH range, reaching 5.43 and 0.27 kg kg−1 at 95% and 20% RH, respectively. The hierarchical porous structure enables the as‐prepared SA/CNTs/MC to exhibit rapid absorption/desorption kinetics with 12 cycles per day at 70% RH, equivalent to a water yield of 10.0 L kg−1 day−1. To further realize continuous and practical freshwater production, a fully solar‐driven autonomous atmospheric water generator is designed and constructed with two SA/CNTs/MC‐based absorption layers, which can alternately conduct the water absorption/desorption process without any other energy consumption. The design provides a promising approach to achieving autonomous, high‐performance, and scalable SAWH.
Fluidic Ultrasound Generation for Non‐Destructive Testing
Authors: Bühling Benjamin , Maack Stefan , Strangfeld Christoph 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAir‐coupled ultrasonic testing (ACU) is a pioneering technique in non‐destructive testing (NDT). While contact testing and fluid immersion testing are standard methods in many applications, the adoption of ACU is progressing slowly, especially in the low ultrasonic frequency range. A main reason for this development is the difficulty of generating high amplitude ultrasonic bursts with equipment that is robust enough to be applied outside a laboratory environment. This paper presents the fluidic ultrasonic transducer as a solution to this challenge. This novel aeroacoustic source uses the flow instability of a sonic jet in a bistable fluidic switch to generate ultrasonic bursts up to 60 kHz with a mean peak pressure of 320 Pa. The robust design allows operation in adverse environments, independent of the operating fluid. Non‐contact through‐transmission experiments are conducted on four materials and compared with the results of conventional transducers. For the first time, it is shown that the novel fluidic ultrasonic transducer provides a suitable acoustic signal for NDT tasks and has potential of furthering the implementation of ACU in industrial applications.
Bloch Point Quadrupole Constituting Hybrid Topological Strings Revealed with Electron Holographic Vector Field Tomography
Authors: Yasin Fehmi Sami , Masell Jan , Takahashi Yoshio , Akashi Tetsuya , Baba Norio , Karube Kosuke , Shindo Daisuke , Arima Takahisa , Taguchi Yasujiro , Tokura Yoshinori , Tanigaki Toshiaki , Yu Xiuzhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTopological magnetic (anti)skyrmions are robust string‐like objects heralded as potential components in next‐generation topological spintronics devices due to their low‐energy manipulability via stimuli such as magnetic fields, heat, and electric/thermal current. While these 2D topological objects are widely studied, intrinsically 3D electron‐spin real‐space topology remains less explored despite its prevalence in bulky magnets. 2D‐imaging studies reveal peculiar vortex‐like contrast in the core regions of spin textures present in antiskyrmion‐hosting thin plate magnets with S4 crystal symmetry, suggesting a more complex 3D real‐space structure than the 2D model suggests. Here, holographic vector field electron tomography captures the 3D structure of antiskyrmions in a single‐crystal, precision‐doped (Fe0.63Ni0.3Pd0.07)3P (FNPP) lamellae at room temperature and zero field. These measurements reveal hybrid string‐like solitons composed of skyrmions with topological number W = −1 on the lamellae's surfaces and an antiskyrmion (W = + 1) connecting them. High‐resolution images uncover a Bloch point quadrupole (four magnetic (anti)monopoles that are undetectable in 2D imaging) which enables the observed lengthwise topological transitions. Numerical calculations corroborate the stability of hybrid strings over their conventional (anti)skyrmion counterparts. Hybrid strings result in topological tuning, a tunable topological Hall effect, and the suppression of skyrmion Hall motion, disrupting existing paradigms within spintronics.