bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of auditory feedback for vocal production learning in the Egyptian fruit-bat
Authors: Elie Julie E. , Muroy Sandra E. , Genzel Daria , Na Tong , Beyer Lisa A. , Swiderski Donald L. , Raphael Yehoash , Yartsev Michael M. 
Published: November 2023

SummarySome species have evolved the ability to use the sense of hearing to modify existing vocalizations, or even create new ones. This ability corresponds to various forms of vocal production learning that are all possessed by humans, and independently displayed by distantly related vertebrates. Among mammals, a few species, including the Egyptian fruit-bat, would possess such vocal production learning abilities. Yet the necessity of an intact auditory system for the development of the Egyptian fruit-bat typical vocal repertoire has not been tested. Furthermore, a systematic causal examination of learned and innate aspects of the entire repertoire has never been performed in any vocal learner. Here we addressed these gaps by eliminating pups’ sense of hearing at birth and assessing its effects on vocal production in adulthood. The deafening treatment enabled us to both causally test these bats vocal learning ability and discern learned from innate aspects of their vocalizations. Leveraging wireless individual audio recordings from freely interacting adults, we show that a subset of the Egyptian fruit-bat vocal repertoire necessitates auditory feedback. Intriguingly, these affected vocalizations belong to different acoustic groups in the vocal repertoire of males and females. These findings open the possibilities for targeted studies of the mammalian neural circuits that enable sexually dimorphic forms of vocal learning.
SARS-CoV-2 infects neurons, astrocytes, choroid plexus epithelial cells and pericytes of the human central nervous system
Authors: Haverty Ruth , McCormack Janet , Evans Christopher , Purves Kevin , O’Reilly Sophie , Gautier Virginie , Rochfort Keith , Fabre Aurelie , Fletcher Nicola F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is associated with a range of neurological manifestations including haemorrhage, thrombosis and ischaemic necrosis and encephalitits. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Neurological disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been proposed to occur following direct infection of the central nervous system and/or indirect sequelae as a result of peripheral inflammation. We profiled ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in brain tissue from five healthy human donors, and observed expression of these proteins in astrocytes, neurons and choroid plexus epithelium within frontal cortex and medulla. Primary human astrocytes, neurons and choroid plexus epithelial cells supported productive SARS-CoV-2 infection in an ACE2- dependent manner. Infected cells supported the full viral lifecycle, releasing infectious virus particles. In contrast, primary brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes and microglia were refractory to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data support a model whereby SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic, and this may in part explain the neurological sequelae of infection.ImportanceA subset of patients with COVID-19 develop neurological symptoms, but the underlying cause is poorly understood. We observed that cells within normal human brain express the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE-2 and TMPRRS2, with expression mainly observed within astrocytes, neurons and choroid plexus epithelium. Primary human astrocytes, neurons and choroid plexus epithelial cells culturedin vitrosupported the full SARS-CoV-2 life cycle with a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study demonstrates that cells of the human central nervous system express SARS-CoV-2 entry factorsin vivoand support viral infectionin vitro, thus supporting a model where neurological symptoms seen in some COVID-19 patients may be as a result of direct viral infection of the central nervous system. Furthermore, these data highlight the importance of investigating the ability of therapeutics to clear virus from this potential reservoir of infection.
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Reverse Electron Transfer at Mitochondrial Complex I Under Simulated Early Reperfusion Conditions
Authors: Fukushima Caio Tabata , Dancil Ian-Shika , Clary Hannah , Shah Nidhi , Nadtochiy Sergiy M. , Brookes Paul S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIschemic tissues accumulate succinate, which is rapidly oxidized upon reperfusion, driving a burst of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that triggers cell death. In isolated mitochondria with succinate as the sole metabolic substrate under non-phosphorylating conditions, 90% of ROS generation is from reverse electron transfer (RET) at the Q site of respiratory complex I (Cx-I). Together, these observations suggest Cx-I RET is the source of pathologic ROS in reperfusion injury. However, numerous factors present in early reperfusion may impact Cx-I RET, including: (i) High [NADH]; (ii) High [lactate]; (iii) Mildly acidic pH; (iv) Defined ATP/ADP ratios; (v) Presence of the nucleosides adenosine and inosine; and (vi) Defined free [Ca2+]. Herein, experiments with mouse cardiac mitochondria revealed that under simulated early reperfusion conditions including these factors, overall mitochondrial ROS generation was only 56% of that seen with succinate alone, and only 52% of this ROS was assignable to Cx-I RET. The residual non-RET ROS could be partially assigned to complex III (Cx-III) with the remainder likely originating from other ROS sources upstream of the Cx-I Q site. Together, these data suggest the relative contribution of Cx-I RET ROS to reperfusion injury may be overestimated, and other ROS sources may contribute a significant fraction of ROS in early reperfusion.
Multi-Scale Geometric Network Analysis Identifies Melanoma Immunotherapy Response Gene Modules
Authors: Murgas Kevin A. , Elkin Rena , Riaz Nadeem , Saucan Emil , Deasy Joseph O. , Tannenbaum Allen R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMelanoma response to immune-modulating therapy remains incompletely characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we assess melanoma immunotherapy response using a multi-scale network approach to identify gene modules with coordinated gene expression in response to treatment. Using gene expression data of melanoma before and after treatment with nivolumab, we modeled gene expression changes in a correlation network and measured a key network geometric property, dynamic Ollivier-Ricci curvature, to distinguish critical edges within the network and reveal multi-scale treatment-response gene communities. Analysis identified six distinct gene modules corresponding to sets of genes interacting in response to immunotherapy. One module alone, overlapping with the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway (NFKB), was associated with improved patient survival and a positive clinical response to immunotherapy. This analysis demonstrates the usefulness of dynamic Ollivier-Ricci curvature as a general method for identifying information-sharing gene modules in cancer.
Asgard archaea modulate potential methanogenesis substrates in wetland soil
Authors: Valentin-Alvarado Luis E. , Appler Kathryn E. , De Anda Valerie , Schoelmerich Marie C. , West-Roberts Jacob , Kivenson Veronika , Crits-Christoph Alexander , Ly Lynn , Sachdeva Rohan , Savage David F. , Baker Brett J. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe roles of Asgard archaea in eukaryogenesis and marine biogeochemical cycles are well studied, yet their contributions in soil ecosystems are unknown. Of particular interest are Asgard archaeal contributions to methane cycling in wetland soils. To investigate this, we reconstructed two complete genomes for soil-associated Atabeyarchaeia, a new Asgard lineage, and the first complete genome of Freyarchaeia, and defined their metabolismin situ. Metatranscriptomics highlights high expression of [NiFe]-hydrogenases, pyruvate oxidation and carbon fixation via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway genes. Also highly expressed are genes encoding enzymes for amino acid metabolism, anaerobic aldehyde oxidation, hydrogen peroxide detoxification and glycerol and carbohydrate breakdown to acetate and formate. Overall, soil-associated Asgard archaea are predicted to be non-methanogenic acetogens, likely impacting reservoirs of substrates for methane production in terrestrial ecosystems.One-Sentence SummaryComplete genomes of Asgard archaea, coupled with metatranscriptomic data, indicate roles in production and consumption of carbon compounds that are known to serve as substrates for methane production in wetlands.
Cohesin composition and dosage independently affect early development in zebrafish
Authors: Labudina Anastasia A. , Meier Michael , Gimenez Gregory , Tatarakis David , Ketharnathan Sarada , Mackie Bridget , Schilling Thomas F. , Antony Jisha , Horsfield Julia A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCohesin, a chromatin-associated protein complex with four core subunits (Smc1a, Smc3, Rad21 and either Stag1 or 2), has a central role in cell proliferation and gene expression in metazoans. Human developmental disorders termed “cohesinopathies” are characterised by germline mutations in cohesin or its regulators that do not entirely eliminate cohesin function. However, it is not clear if mutations in individual cohesin subunits have independent developmental consequences. Here we show that zebrafishrad21orstag2bmutants independently influence embryonic tailbud development. Both mutants have altered mesoderm induction, but only homozygous or heterozygousrad21mutation affects cell cycle gene expression.stag2bmutants have narrower notochords and reduced Wnt signaling in neuromesodermal progenitors as revealed by single cell RNA-sequencing. Stimulation of Wnt signaling rescues transcription and morphology instag2b, but notrad21mutants. Our results suggest that mutations altering the quantity versus composition of cohesin have independent developmental consequences, with implications for the understanding and management of cohesinopathies.Summary StatementViable zebrafish mutants show that cohesin complex quantity versus composition lead to different transcriptional and developmental outcomes in the early embryo.
A within-person randomised trial to investigate the effects of a rigid cervical collar on three-dimensional angular movement and angular acceleration during emergency spinal immobilisation and extrication procedures in elite football (soccer) players: The RESTRICT study
Authors: Callaghan Michael J , Hughes Tom , Davin John , Hayes Russell , Hough Neil , Torpey Dan , Perry David , Dawson Sam , Murray Eoghan , Lancett Matthew , Liu Anmin , Jones Richard K 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the effects of rigid collars on cervical movement and acceleration during triple spinal immobilisation and extrication.MethodsProcedures were performed on 15 non-injured volunteers in random order of collar and no-collar. Primary outcomes were angular movements and angular accelerations of the head relative to the thorax. Secondary outcome was the total procedure time.ResultsBetween collar and no-collar, small but significant differences were found for mean angular movements during 15°tilt tasks for lateral flexion (3.4°: 95%CI: 1.4°, 5.4°), flexion-extension (2.4°95%CI: 0.4°, 4.4°), rotation (–3.7°: 95%CI: –7.2°, –0.2°) and total rotation (6°: 95%CI; 2.9°, 9.1°). For the lift and lower task there was a significant difference in total lateral flexion of only 0.3°(95%CI: 0.1°, 0.5°). Total movement during the procedure was significantly more for rotation without the collar (6.6°: 95% CI: 1.9°, 11.3°). Small but significant differences were found for angular acceleration only during the lift and lower task for maximum lateral flexion (–6.5 rads/s2, 95%CI: –12, –1 rads/s2), maximum rotation (–2.8 rads/s2, 95% CI: –5.2, –0.4 rads/s2) and minimum rotation (–3.5 rads/s2, 95%CI: –5.9, –0.1 rads/s2). The procedure was significantly longer with the collar (257.5s [95%CI: 245.3, 269.7s}versus230.9s [95%CI: 215, 246.8s].ConclusionThere were statistically significant but clinically negligible differences between a rigid cervical collar and no-collar in some parameters for the triple immobilisation and extrication procedure in the sporting context. These novel results provide highlight important clinical considerations when immobilising and extricating players after a head or cervical injury.
Motor unit firing rate modulation is more impaired during flexion synergy-driven contractions of the biceps brachii in chronic stroke
Authors: Beauchamp James A. , Hassan Altamash S. , McPherson Laura M. , Negro Francesco , Pearcey Gregory E. P. , Cummings Mark , Heckman CJ , Dewald Julius P. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFollowing a hemiparetic stroke, individuals exhibit altered motor unit firing patterns during voluntary muscle contractions, including impairments in firing rate modulation and recruitment. These individuals also exhibit abnormal muscle coactivation through multi-joint synergies (e.g., flexion synergy). Here, we investigate whether motor unit firing activity during flexion synergy-driven contractions of the paretic biceps brachii differs from that of voluntary contractions and use these differences to predict changes in descending motor commands. To accomplish this, we characterized motor unit firing patterns of the biceps brachii in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke during voluntary isometric elbow flexion contractions in the paretic and non-paretic limbs, as well as during contractions driven by voluntary effort and by flexion synergy expression in the paretic limb. We observed significant reductions in motor unit firing rate modulation from the non-paretic to paretic limb (non-paretic – paretic: 0.14 pps/%MVT, 95% CI: [0.09 0.19]) that were further reduced during synergy-driven contractions (voluntary paretic – synergy driven: 0.19 pps/%MVT, 95% CI: [0.14 0.25]). Moreover, using recently developed metrics, we evaluated how a stroke-induced reliance on indirect motor pathways alters the inputs that motor units receive and revealed progressive increases in neuromodulatory and inhibitory drive to the motor pool in the paretic limb, with the changes greatest during synergy-driven contractions. These findings suggest that an interplay between heightened neuromodulatory drive and alterations in inhibitory command structure may account for the observed motor unit impairments, further illuminating underlying neural mechanisms involved in the flexion synergy and its impact on motor unit firing patterns post-stroke.
Convolutional neural networks can identify brain interactions involved in decoding spatial auditory attention
Authors: Mahjoory Keyvan , Bahmer Andreas , Henry Molly J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHuman listeners have the ability to direct their attention to a single speaker in a multi-talker environment. The neural correlates of selective attention can be decoded from a single trial of electroencephalography (EEG) data. In this study, leveraging the source-reconstructed and anatomically-resolved EEG data as inputs, we sought to employ CNN as an interpretable model to uncover task-specific interactions between brain regions, rather than simply to utilize it as a black box decoder. To this end, our CNN model was specifically designed to learn pairwise interaction representations for 10 cortical regions from five-second input trials. By exclusively utilizing these features for decoding, our model was able to attain a median accuracy of 77.56% for within-participant and 65.14% for cross-participant classification. Through ablation analysis together with dissecting the features of the models and applying cluster analysis, we were able to discern the presence of alpha-band-dominated inter-hemisphere interactions, as well as alpha-and beta-band dominant interactions that were either hemisphere-specific or were characterized by a contrasting pattern between the right and left hemispheres. These interactions were more pronounced in parietal and central regions for within-participant decoding, but in parietal, central, and partly frontal regions for cross-participant decoding. These findings demonstrate that our CNN model can effectively utilize features known to be important in auditory attention tasks and suggest that the application of domain knowledge inspired CNNs on source-reconstructed EEG data can offer a novel computational framework for studying task-relevant brain interactions.
ThePgb1locus controls glycogen aggregation in astrocytes of the aged hippocampus without impacting cognitive function
Authors: Gómez-Pascual A. , Glikman D. M. , Ng H. X. , Tomkins J. E. , Lu L. , Xu Y. , Ashbrook D. G. , Kaczorowski C. , Kempermann G. , Killmar J. , Mozhui K. , Ohlenschläger O. , Aebersold R. , Ingram D.K. , Williams E. G. , Williams R. W. , Overall R. W. , Jucker M. , de Bakker D. E. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn aged humans and mice, aggregates of hypobranched glycogen molecules called polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) accumulate in hippocampal astrocytes. PGBs are known to drive cognitive decline in neurological diseases but remain largely unstudied in the context of typical brain aging. Here, we show that PGBs arise in autophagy-dysregulated astrocytes of the aged C57BL/6J mouse hippocampus. To map the genetic cause of age-related PGB accumulation, we quantified PGB burden in 32 fully sequenced BXD-recombinant inbred mouse strains, which display a 400-fold variation in hippocampal PGB burden at 16-18 months of age. A major modifier locus was mapped to chromosome 1 at 72–75 Mb, which we defined as thePgb1locus. To evaluate candidate genes and downstream mechanisms by whichPgb1controls the aggregation of glycogen, extensive hippocampal transcriptomic and proteomic datasets were produced for aged mice of the BXD family. We utilized these datasets to identifySmarcal1andUsp37as potential regulators of PGB accumulation. To assess the effect of PGB burden on age-related cognitive decline, we performed phenome-wide association scans, transcriptomic analyses as well as conditioned fear memory and Y-maze testing. Importantly, we did not find any evidence suggesting a negative impact of PGBs on cognition. Taken together, our study demonstrates that thePgb1locus controls glycogen aggregation in astrocytes of the aged hippocampus without affecting age-related cognitive decline.
DRA Global: implementing digital transformation through change management in a project consultancy firm
Authors: Ramiah Krishnaveni , Moore Amy Fisher 
Published: November 2023

Learning outcomes
After reading and discussing the case study, students should be able to identify the reasons why the company needed to digitise and how this links to the company’s strategy around technology and innovation, analyse the digitalisation implementation process followed in the case study by using an organisational change management model and make recommendations and propose a solution for the protagonist to consider for the successful roll-out of the digitalisation project.

Case overview/synopsis
DRA Projects is part of the DRA Global business based in South Africa. The company is known locally in the mining and engineering industry for its project development, delivery, execution and operations capabilities. Digital transformation is a key strategic focus in the industry, as clients seek digitised integrated systems. For this client offering, J.C. Heslinga, managing director of DRA Projects, was tasked with leading the digitalisation of the project delivery system. From July 2020 until July 2022, Heslinga led the implementation team through different organisational change stages. As the next phase included rolling out digitalisation to pilot projects and engaging employees and clients in the new process, Heslinga wondered if enough was done to ready the business for this change. The end users would be executing the changes, so their adoption will be imperative for successfully rolling out digitalisation. The case study concludes with Heslinga pondering the approach needed for the next phase. The case study focuses on the digitalisation implementation process through the lens of organisational change. The case study presents an opportunity to analyse and identify the theories and models used in organisational change within a real-life business context. The organisational change learnings can be adapted to help students with any transformation changes in similar business scenarios.

Complexity academic level
Postgraduate- and master’s-level students and business executives attending short courses will benefit from the learnings. The learnings can be applied to improve decision-making, organisational behaviour and strategic implementation using the fundamental principles of organisational change.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resource management
The effect of COVID-19 containment measures on fresh food market vendors in Uganda
Authors: Nakazi Florence , Nasirumbi Sanya Losira , Mugisha Johnny 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact economic systems, with devastating consequences on livelihoods. Anecdotal evidence has predicted the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the livelihood of food system actors. Uganda experienced two lockdowns in March 2020 and June 2021 with varying government containment measures. During the first lockdown, fresh food market vending was deemed essential to meet urban food demand, and was consequently exempted from a total shutdown despite the ban on public and private transport. Thus, this study sought to examine the effect of COVID-19 containment measures on fresh food market vending businesses in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachUsing primary data collected from fresh food market vendors, this study applied a pooled time-series estimation to examine the effect of the first lockdown COVID-19 containment measures on fresh food vendors' welfare.FindingsThe study revealed that COVID-19 had a significant negative impact on the income of fresh food vendors, with female vendors being the most affected. COVID-19 containment measures reduced the diversity of buyers, individual customers and the number of commodities traded in causing a greater impact on vendors' income.Research limitations/implicationsThe unavailability of data for vendors who did not return to the market at the time of data collection limits the scope of the study. Additionally, the absence of data for the second lockdown limited the analysis to only March 2020 lockdown period.Originality/valueThe empirical analysis highlights how vulnerabilities of different gender categories could be exacerbated by crises. The study provides empirical evidence of various market distortions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the disproportionate impact on women and men market vendors which calls for the need to integrate women's perspectives in future planning for market systems as well as advocating for gender-sensitive recovery responses.
Letter: Abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission—A look beyond psychosocial factors
Authors: Bassotti Gabrio , Villanacci Vincenzo , Maconi Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Janssen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17718 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17775
Letter: Tofacitinib, vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients with ulcerative colitis—Authors' reply
Authors: Desai Aakash , Regueiro Miguel , Kochhar Gursimran S. 
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kochhar et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17570 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17697