bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aestheticism, Americanization, and Empire
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the 1890s, the main focus of Atlantic republicanism in Britain had shifted, so that its front line was no longer a classical theory of democratic representation but the increasing power and importance of the transatlantic marketplace. This power threatened to usurp by more circuitous means the stable social hierarchies of Victorian Britain. In this sense, the interrelationship of the Aesthetic Movement with aspects of parody and burlesque, such as we see foreshadowed in Clough ‘s work, brings into question the influence of America on fin de siècle English culture more generally.
Great Traditions: Modernism, Canonization, Counter-Reformation
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the course of the nineteenth century, cultural relations between Britain and the United States were shaped by a number of conflicts in which the two countries were on opposite sides: the aftermath of the Revolutionary wars, the war of 1812, the dispute over Oregon. This was followed by the American Civil War, in which Britain was not directly involved, but whose outcome served to enhance federal power and thus to pose an increasing threat to British imperial dominion.
Postmodernist Fiction and the Inversion of History
Authors: Giles Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Americanization ‘, Jonathan Zeitlin has written, ‘should be understood not as a neutral analytical concept but rather as a contested historical project. ‘ As we have seen, there have been many different versions of Americanization within English cultural history since the 1780s, ranging from Wordsworth ‘s fear that the Great Reform Act would transform sturdily independent MPs into ‘slavish Delegates ‘ to Gissing ‘s concern that American commerce would overwhelm the local markets of late Victorian London.
Archaeologies of English Renaissance Literature
Authors: Schwyzer Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study draws on the theory and practice of archaeology to develop a new perspective on the literature of the Renaissance. Philip Schwyzer explores the fascination with images of excavation, exhumation, and ruin that runs through literary texts including Spenser’s Faerie Queene, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, Donne’s sermons and lyrics, and Thomas Browne’s Hydriotaphia, or Urne-Buriall. Miraculously preserved corpses, ruined monasteries, Egyptian mummies, and Yorick’s skull all figure in this study of the early modern archaeological imagination. The pessimism of the period is summed up in the haunting motif of the beautiful corpse that, once touched, crumbles to dust. Archaeology and literary studies are themselves products of the Renaissance. Although the two disciplines have sometimes viewed one another as rivals, they share a unique and unsettling intimacy with the traces of past life – with the words the dead wrote, sang, or heard, with the objects they made, held, or lived within. Schwyzer argues that at the root of both forms of scholarship lies the forbidden desire to awaken (and speak with) the dead. However impossible or absurd this desire may be, it remains a fundamental source of both ethical responsibility and aesthetic pleasure.
Introduction
Authors: Schwyzer Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Shakespeare‘s Henry V, the Archbishop of Canterbury proposes a strikingly archaeological metaphor for the relationship between the present and the past. Victory in France, he promises his king, will ‘make your chronicle as rich with praise | As is the ooze and bottom of the sea | With sunken wrack and sumless treasuries’ (1.2.163–5). This, then, is what it means to go down in history. For Canterbury, the past is a matter of depth. More precisely, it is deep matter. The past is literally what lies beneath, embodied in material artefacts bearing witness to bygone triumphs and disasters. But the Archbishop‘s archaeological metaphor is also an oddly pessimistic one. Like Walter Benjamin‘s ‘angel of history’, he seems to perceive history as an unremitting series of shipwrecks, ‘one single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage upon wreckage’.1 The treasures of time may entice the imagination, but scattered on the inaccessible ocean floor, they are of no practical use to anyone.
‘Mummy is Become Merchandise’ Cannibals and Commodities in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Schwyzer Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yet in those huge structures and pyramidal immensities, of the builders whereof so little is known, they seemed not so much to raise sepulchres or temples to death, as to contemn and disdain it, astonishing heaven with their audacities, and looking forward with delight to their interment in those eternal piles … Yet all were but Babel vanities. Time sadly overcometh all things, and is now dominant, and sitteth upon a sphinx, and looketh unto Memphis and old Thebes, while his sister Oblivion reclineth semisomnous on a pyramid, gloriously triumphing, making puzzles of Titanian erections, and turning old glories into dreams. History sinketh beneath her cloud. The traveller as he paceth amazedly through those deserts asketh of her, who buildeth them? and she mumbleth something, but what it is he heareth not.1
Readers of the Lost Urns Desire and Disintegration in Thomas Browne‘s Urn-Burial
Authors: Schwyzer Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the second half of the fifth century ad, a distinctive method of burial began to be practised in eastern and central England. Following cremation, the fragmented bones and ashes of the dead were deposited in urns, which were buried in shallow pits.1 The urns, shaped by hand rather than wheel-made, were often decorated with simple or elaborate patterns, composed of horizontal lines, chevrons, bosses, and stamps (Fig. 9). They bore no inscriptions, though some of the design elements, the stamps in particular, may have carried political, religious, or heraldic significance.2 In addition to burnt bone and ashes, the urns frequently contained small grave-goods such as brooches, beads, tweezers, and combs—items that were either cremated with the body on the pyre or added subsequently to the urn (Fig. 10). Cremation cemeteries were frequently very large, containing as many as 2,000 burials, suggesting that these burial grounds served an extensive territory rather than a single community. A significant number of these large sites turn out to lie near to places of previous Roman settlement, and Roman artefacts were occasionally recycled for use in such burials.3
Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence
Authors: Brüne Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The abuse of psychotropic substances represents a maladaptive pattern of behaviour that is associated with recurrent failure at work, school or home. Recurrent and continuing substance abuse is usually accompanied by physically hazardous behaviour and often leads to legal problems. Surprisingly, substance abusers continue consumption in spite of mounting social, interpersonal, or financial problems.
Beckett and Badiou
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beckett and Badiou offers a provocative new reading of Samuel Beckett’s work on the basis of a full, critical account of the thought of Alain Badiou. Badiou is the most eminent of contemporary French philosophers. His devotion to Beckett’s work has been lifelong. Yet for Badiou philosophy must be integrally affirmative, whilst Beckett apparently commits his art to a work of negation. Beckett and Badiou explores the coherences, contradictions, and extreme complexities of the intellectual relationship between the two oeuvres. It examines Badiou’s philosophy of being, the event, truth, and the subject and the importance of mathematics within his system. It considers the major features of his politics, ethics, and aesthetics and provides an explanation, interpretation, critique, and radical revision of his work on Beckett. It argues that, once revised, Badiou’s version of Beckett offers an extraordinarily powerful tool for understanding his work. Badiou and Beckett are instances of a vestigial or melancholic modernism; that is, in the teeth of a contemporary culture that dreams ever more ambitiously of plenitude, they commit themselves to a rigorous concept of limit and intermittency. Truth and value are occasional and rare. It is seldom that the chance event arrives to disturb the inertia of the world. For Badiou, however, it is the event and its consequences alone that matter. Beckett rather insists on the common experience of intermittency as destitution. His art is a series of limit-figures, exquisitely subtle and nuanced forms for a world whose state of seemingly rigid paralysis is also always volatile, delicately balanced.
Badiou (i): Being, Event, Subject, Truth
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Badiou aims to reassert the significance of philosophy in an age that has lost a sense of its importance. We no longer know what philosophy is or what its purposes should be. We confuse it with the postmodern sophistries that run from Nietzsche and Wittgenstein to Derrida, Lyotard, Rorty, and Vattimo. We conflate it with other concerns: art, science, politics, psychoanalysis. We oscillate between deconstructing its past and anticipating its future forms. Above all, perhaps, we have surrendered philosophy to time, to a history we can no longer believe it transcends. Provoked by a century of disaster, our epoch announces the end of philosophy and claims to be ‘liquidating’ its archaisms (CS, 70). Badiou, however, wants rather to proclaim the end of ‘the end’.
Badiou (ii): Politics, Ethics, Aesthetics
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The account of Badiou’s philosophy that I have given so far raises an obvious question. Being is irreducibly inconsistent. In an actually infinite universe, there is always what I have called a wobble or a play in Being. This is what makes the event possible. But why, then, is Badiou’s world not more like Deleuze’s? Why are events rare? Why is the world not as full of events in Badiou’s later as in his early work? The answer lies in the concept of the State. This has both an ontological and a political significance. Badiou does not define it solely in political terms: Spinoza’s God is an example of it. As we have seen, nature is another. But, not surprisingly, the concept of the State becomes starkly clear in relation to the political sphere. I shan’t be offering an exhaustive account of Badiou’s politics.
Badiou, Beckett, and Contemporary Criticism
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Badiou’s accounts of Beckett dispute the emphases of a whole critical tradition. This tradition has too often turned Beckett into an absurdist or existentialist, a nihilist or tragic pessimist. In doing so, it has effectively always contemplated Beckett as its own opposite, as the negative to the unrelenting positivity of its own discourse. In its very admiration of Beckett, the tradition has declared its distance from him. That distance is also the measure of its own worldliness. It has invariably adopted the point of view of the proprietor, for whom possessions are ‘the sole proof of being and sense’ (CS, 331). For Badiou, the great founding principle of philosophy is resistance to injustice, which is always resistance to the world as it is.
Radical Minimalism, Moderate Contextualism
Authors: Korta Kepa , Perry John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cappelen and Lepore’s (hereafter, ‘‘CL’’) book Insensitive Semantics faces issues involved in reconceptualizing the nature of and boundaries between semantics and pragmatics in the light of the phenomenon often called ‘‘pragmatic intrusion’’. The received theory might have been expressed this way. Semantics determines what is said ; that is, the proposition that is expressed by an utterance is determined by the conventional meanings of the words used and compositional rules for combining words. Pragmatics takes as its input what is said and, taking into consideration facts about the particular utterance (and possibly some other conventions), determines what has been conveyed and what speech acts have been performed, largely by considering the communicative and other perlocutionary intentions of the speaker.
How and Why to be a Moderate Contextualist
Authors: Maitra Ishani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much recent work in the philosophy of language has focused on the extent to which what linguistic expressions express depends upon context. It is (relatively) uncontroversial that some expressions are context-sensitive, for instance, indexicals like ‘I’, and demonstratives like ‘this’. But there is little agreement beyond this point. On some views (the Minimalist views), there is not much context-sensitivity in the language that goes beyond these uncontroversially context-dependent expressions. On other views (the Radical Contextualist views), context-sensitivity is everywhere in language. And on yet other views (the Moderate Contextualist views), the truth lies somewhere in between these extremes. (I shall offer more precise renderings of these views in what follows.)
Minimal Propositions, Cognitive Safety Mechanisms, and Psychological Reality
Authors: Elugardo Reinaldo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cappelen and Lepore’s Semantic Minimalism is based on the familiar idea that natural language is semantically compositional: the meaning of every sentence of a natural language L is compositionally fixed solely by the meanings of its syntactic constituents, and its syntactic structure (2005: 144– 5). The meaning assigned to a sentence of L is the output of a finite, recursively definable, computational procedure defined over a finite stock of semantic primitives. The procedure is a bottom– up, semantically interpretative, process extending from a sentence’s lexical parts, through its phrasal parts, and onto its clausal parts, which includes the sentence itself. Cappelen and Lepore add something else to this familiar picture: the semantic content of a non-indexical sentence is a complete, truth-evaluable, proposition that has no semantically unarticulated constituent: every constituent of the proposition expressed corresponds to some formal bit in the sentence’s syntax (IS 3–4). Call these propositions, ‘‘minimal propositions’’.
The Slade professor
Authors: Hewison Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The private distress caused by the seventeen- year relationship with Rose La Touche undermined Ruskin ’s mental stability: there are many coded references to her in his public writings. None the less, by the end of the 1860s Ruskin was established as a prominent, if controversial, commentator on art and social issues, with a growing following. His position received institutional recognition when he was elected Oxford’s first Slade professor of fine art in August 1869.
The Origin of Species
Authors: Desmond Adrian , Moore James , Browne Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For support Darwin was now looking primarily to the rising London men of science rather than Cambridge clerics. In April 1856 he invited T. H. Huxley to Down for a weekend party of naturalists, during which he hoped to ensure that his theory could overcome Huxley’s objection to life’s progressive specialization. After this meeting Darwin began writing for publication. He was encouraged by Charles Lyell, who feared for Darwin’s priority after reading Alfred Russel Wallace’s ‘On the law which has regulated the introduction of new species’ in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for 1855.
The search for fame
Authors: Parry Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield (1804–1881), prime minister and novelist, was born on 21 December 1804 at 6 King’s Road, Bedford Row, London, the eldest son and second of five children of Isaac D’Israeli (1766–1848) and his wife, Maria (1775–1847), daughter of Naphtali and Ricca Basevi. From 1810 or 1811 he attended a school at Islington kept by a Miss Roper, and then, probably from 1813, one at Blackheath belonging to the Revd John Potticary, where he was given separate instruction in Judaism.
‘Nothing is difficult to the brave’
Authors: Parry Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Disraeli made his maiden speech in parliament on 7 December 1837, in a debate on MPs’ privileges. It was another challenge to Daniel O’Connell, the previous speaker, and was hooted down by jeering O’Connellite Irishmen, though not before its extraordinarily elaborate and aﬀected language had caused much hilarity. After that unpropitious beginning Disraeli avoided publicity for most of the rest of the parliament, generally supporting Sir Robert Peel and attacking the free trade agitators. However, he did urge respect for the Chartist movement.
The Reform drama and the premiership
Authors: Parry Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the time of the 1865 election Disraeli had gained in position. The Conservatives, though still in a minority, won 290 seats at that election, and would doubtless have won more but for the popularity of Palmerston. Disraeli had become a more familiar figure in establishment circles, especially at court, where his ability to pay lavish public respect to the memory of Prince Albert won the queen’s affection even more than his willingness to refrain from attempting to unseat her government. He was excited beyond measure by his reception there, particularly by a much coveted invitation to the wedding of the prince of Wales in 1863 (shrewdly arranged by Palmerston).
Making of an architect
Authors: Downes Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was not unusual in this period for the well-educated to take up architecture as a gentle- manly activity, widely accepted in theory as a branch of applied mathematics; this is implicit in the writings of Vitruvius and explicit in such sixteenth-century authors as John Dee and Leonard Digges. Wren’s father was a keen and erudite observer of buildings. Oxford saw much fine building throughout the first half of the seventeenth century, and Wren’s own college, Wadham, was a paragon of Jacobean modernity (1610–13). He arrived at Gresham with a far from casual eye, having in Oxford absorbed intuitively the fundamentals of architectural design.
A public architect
Authors: Downes Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the 1670s Wren received significant secular commissions which manifest both the maturity and the variety of his architecture and the sensitivity of his response to diverse briefs; two of these works also involved Robert Hooke. The Monument commemorating the great fire, erected on Fish Street Hill near its source, was funded from the coal tax (1671–6). It is a colossal column, a concept consciously indebted to Roman models; several projects survive from different hands, including Hooke’s. Wren was certainly in control of the final design, which is not Hooke’s— an orthodox fluted Doric column, probably modelled on the smaller one erected in Paris a century
Mechanical hand and philosophical mind
Authors: Downes Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich Wren’s response to a challenge is nowhere better seen than in his last major building, the Royal Naval Hospital at Greenwich. The sea victory of La Hogue (1692) cost serious casualties, a number of whom were accommodated in the abandoned palace begun for Charles II by John Webb in 1664. The philanthropic concerns underlying Chelsea turned to the navy, and Wren was among those who in 1693 discussed a permanent institution on this site. The sovereigns’ grant of the site in October 1694 stemmed from Queen Mary’s particular interest and her desire for greater magnificence than Chelsea’s.
Introduction
Authors: Voorhoeve Alex 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Phaedrus recounts a discussion between Phaedrus and Socrates that takes place while they are relaxing in the shade of a plane tree by the banks of the Ilissus. Towards the end of the dialogue, Socrates raises the question of the best way to do philosophy. He argues that philosophical texts do not produce true understanding, because they do not fully engage with their audience. A text, he points out, cannot pick up on a reader’s misinterpretations or emotional resistance to its message, and so cannot respond to them. Nor can it respond to requests for clarification, or defend its theses against unforeseen objections.
A Mistrustful Animal
Authors: Williams Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bernard Williams (1929 –2003) was a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and taught at University College London, Cambridge University, and the University of California at Berkeley. He is the author of, among other works, Morality, Utilitarianism: For and Against (with J. J. C. Smart), Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, Truth and Truthfulness, and several volumes of essays, including the famous collection Moral Luck.
The sound inventory
Authors: Duanmu San 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Speech is, at some level, made of a sequence of sounds (consonants and vowels). For example, there are three sounds (or segments) in the English word miss [mɪs], whose boundaries are easy to identify phonetically. However, sometimes the case is less obvious. For example, is the long vowel [iː] one sound or two? Since it has no internal boundary, it looks like one sound. On the other hand, it is much longer than a short vowel, so it is like two sounds in terms of duration. Similarly, the diphthong [ai] is like two sounds in terms of duration, but it is like one sound for lack of an internal boundary. A sound like [ ph] presents another kind of problem. It is like two sounds because there is a phonetic boundary between [ p] and [h]. In addition, the duration of [ ph] seems to be longer than that of [ p]. However, phonetic studies show that the vowel that follows [ ph] is shorter than the vowel that follows [ p]. As a result, a syllable like [ phai] ‘ send’ in SC is not appreciably longer than a syllable like [ pai] ‘ defeat’ . Therefore, in terms of total syllable duration [ ph] is still like one sound.
Expressive Versus Instrumental Motivation of Turnout, Partisanship, and Political Learning
Authors: Tóka Gábor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An exciting recent development in theories of voting is the increasing formalization of the difference between electoral outcomes under instrumental and expressive models of voting. Although the relevant literature concentrates on the problem of turnout, the choice between these models has to be confronted with respect to every aspect of voting behavior, including party choice (Brennan and Buchanan 1984) and the information-processing activities that shape choices (cf. Downs 1957; Popkin 1991).