bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Classification Based on Anthropometric Indicators for Assessing Dual Burden of Malnutrition in Young Children
Authors: Sibrian Ricardo , de Fulladolsa Patricia Palma 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveCurrent classifications of nutritional anthropometry for assessing magnitude and nature of malnutrition in preschool children such as those proposed by Waterlow et al (1977), Svedberg (2000), Nandy et al (2005) and Nandy y Svedberg (2012) are insufficient for guiding food and nutrition security public policies. This study propose a new classification of nutritional anthropometry identifying normal nutrition condition and nutritional failure conditions due to deficiency as well as excess providing guidelines for actions of public food and nutrition policies.MethodsThe proposed Malnutrition Anthropometric Index (MAI) and its components are combined traditional categories of the standardized nutritional anthropometric indexes of height for age (HAZ), body mass index (BMIZ) and weight for age (WAZ). HAZ with two categories: stunting (HAZ<−2) and normal growth (HAZ≥ −2); BMIZ with three categories: wasting (BMIZ<−2), normal nutrition (−2≤BMIZ≤+2) and overweight or obesity (BMIZ>+2); and WAZ with three categories: low weight for age (WAZ<−2), normal weight for age (−2≤WAZ≤+2) and high weight for age (WAZ>+2). Using feasible combinations of HAZ, BMIZ and WAZ categories, the MAI is the summation of children with eleven malnutrition conditions over the total number of children. The analysis was performed in 426 children from six to 59 months of age from 14 rural bordering communities from Central America.ResultsAlmost one half of children (48.8%) were normal, hence the MAI was 51.2%, of which 31.9% were stunted, 10.8% stunted and low in weight for their age, 3.1% stunting with overweight or obesity (dual burden), 2.8% overweight or obesity, 0.9% overweight or obese with high weight for their age, 0.5% stunting and low weight for their age with overweight or obesity (dual burden) and 1.2% of other four malnutrition conditions. Dual burden of malnutrition occurred in 3.6% of children. Overweight or obesity of children may become a public nutrition problem with 7.3% prevalence even in rural areas.ConclusionsAnthropometric assessments must include malnutrition conditions due to deficiencies and excess as well as dual burden indicators such as the conditions of the MAI components for a better guide to policy designers and decision makers of strategies, programmes, projects and actions with impact on the food and nutrition security of populations.
Household food insecurity is associated with higher insulin resistance and blood glucose levels in Latinos with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bermúdez‐Millán Angela , Wagner Julie A , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Damio Grace , Chhabra Jyoti , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTIONHousehold food insecurity (HFI) is associated with chronic diseases, including diabetes, among lower income Latinos. We examined the associations between HFI and blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in this population.APPROACHWe studied a sample of 120 Latinos with type 2 diabetes who completed baseline assessments for the CALMS‐D stress management trial. HFI was measured with a 5‐item version of the US Household Food Security Survey Module (Cronbach alpha=0.87). Households were classified as either food secure, mild/moderate food insecure, or severe food insecure. We also categorized individuals as food secure versus food insecure. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured and the log‐transformed HOMA‐IR values were used for analyses.RESULTSMean age was 61 years, 74% were female and mean HbA1c was 8.6%. Analysis of variance showed a significant (p<0.001) dose‐response association between fasting blood glucose levels and HFI severity before and after adjusting for gender, education, household income, body mass index and insulin use. The adjusted blood glucose means (SE) across HFI categories were: food secure, 144.8 (8.5); mild/moderate food insecure, 175.8 (7.2); severe food insecure, 200.5 (10.9) mg/dl. When HFI was dichotomized as food secure vs insecure, a significant relationship (p<.05) was found for logHOMA‐IR before and after adjusting for covariates. The untransformed HOMA‐IR adjusted means (SE) were: food secure, 8.9 (2.0); food insecure, 15.0 (1.4).CONCLUSIONSFasting blood glucose and insulin resistance are associated with HFI among Latinos with diabetes. Food insecure individuals had higher fasting glucose and more severe insulin resistance than food secure individuals. Providers that serve disadvantaged populations with type 2 diabetes should consider routinely screening for HFI.Support or Funding InformationThis work is supported by: Stress Management Among Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes (CALMS‐D) (NIMHD R01MD005879‐01).
The Relationship of Fulltime Family Care to Food Security in U.S‐ and Foreign‐Origin Hispanic Households
Authors: McClain Amanda C , Dickin Katherine L , Dollahite Jamie 
Published: November 2023

Hispanic households in the U.S., notably Mexican‐origin, are at high risk of food insecurity related to poverty. Additionally, most foreign‐origin households have two parents but only the father works while the mother provides fulltime family care (FFC). Yet low‐income foreign‐origin, compared to U.S.‐origin, women are more inclined to regard daily food preparation as integral, illustrating important cultural capital to consider in addressing food insecurity.The objective of this study was to understand the relationship of FFC with food security in Mexican‐origin (MO) households, as compared to U.S.‐origin Mexican (USM), foreign‐origin Hispanic (FH), and U.S.‐origin Hispanic (USH) households.This mixed methods study included face‐to‐face interviews with 27 low‐income MO mothers in New York State, plus a large, representative dataset from the 2013 Current Population Survey (CPS) food security supplement. We iteratively coded and analyzed qualitative data thematically. Based on emergent themes, we hypothesized that 1) FFC was associated with decreased household (HFI), adult (AFI), and child food insecurity (CFI) risk among MO and FH households, but not among USM or USH households; and 2) FFC attenuated the risk of HFI, AFI, and CFI for households below 185% Federal Poverty Line (FPL; statistical moderation) among MO and FH but not among USM or USH. For the CPS data, we tested logistic regression models, adjusted for common food security predictors and survey weights.From our qualitative data, Mexican‐origin mothers not working fulltime demonstrated less concern over household food quantity and quality, compared to mothers working fulltime or unemployed. In the CPS data, FFC was not associated with HFI, AFI, or CFI risk. But FFC moderated relationships between poverty level and HFI and AFI among MO and FH households; households >185% FPL with FFC had significantly increased risk of food insecurity, while households <185% FPL showed no difference in food insecurity risk when a member provided FFC versus not. This moderation was not seen in USM or USH households, or for CFI risk among any of the groups.Low‐income FH households, like MO, may benefit from a fulltime care provider. Low‐income Mexican‐origin mothers retain unique cultural and life course food provisioning capital that may protect their households. Nutrition education and outreach to low‐income FH may benefit from leveraging such capacities. Still, our results indicate that FFC may not protect against the most severe food insecurity, CFI, signifying the key role of policy research and reform to address the underlying issue of poverty.Support or Funding Information[Funding: Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics (RIDGE) Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant]
Individual and neighborhood factors of serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and C‐reactive protein: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Chai Weiwen , Fan Jessie X , Wen Ming 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo examine whether serum levels of vitamin D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D) and inflammatory (C‐reactive protein [CRP]) markers were associated with individual and neighborhood factors using a nationally representative sample from 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsData from the 2001–2006 waves of the continuous NHANES was merged with the 2000 census and other neighborhood data sources constructed using geographic information system (GIS). Associations between individual and neighborhood factors and serum biomarker levels were assessed using multilevel random‐intercept logistic regression models taking study design and weights into account.ResultsA total of 6649 adult participants aged 19–65 (mean age: 41.1±0.3 years) were included in the analysis. Age (P=0.0003), female sex (P<0.0001), Hispanic race/ethnicity (P=0.02), current smokers (P=0.01), body mass index (BMI, P<0.0001), and poverty/income ratio (P=0.0007) was positively associated with serum CRP levels. Non‐Hispanic black (P<0.0001) and Hispanic race/ethnicity (P<0.0001), poverty/income ratio (P=0.0002), current smoker (P=0.0002), and higher BMI (P<0.0001) were associated with lower serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. For neighborhood factors, area crime rates were inversely associated with circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels (P=0.0002). No other neighborhood factors examined in the study were associated with CRP levels.ConclusionsLower vitamin D levels and chronic inflammation (as indicated by CRP) may reflect the socioeconomic status at individual level such as poverty/income ratio as well as at neighborhood level such as neighborhood crime rates.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant R01CA140319– 01A1
100% Fruit juice and measures of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Murphy Mary M , Barrett Erin C , Barraj Leila M 
Published: November 2023

Fruit juices are nutrient dense foods providing a range of micronutrients and bioactive substances. Nutritional guidance, however, typically recommends limited consumption of fruit in the form of juice due to concerns over low fiber content and potential for overconsumption. Consumption of fruit is promoted to support health though the effects of 100% fruit juice (100% FJ) consumption on measures of glucose control are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and quantitatively summarize results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of 100% FJ on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. Eligible studies were identified from a systematic review of PubMed and hand searches of reference lists from reviews and relevant papers. Using data from 17 RCTs, meta‐analyses evaluated the standardized mean difference (SMD) in fasting blood glucose (15 studies), fasting blood insulin (11 studies), and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR, 6 studies) between the 100% FJ intervention and control groups. Analyses were first conducted using a fixed effects model. If significant heterogeneity was observed (p‐value<0.1, I2 statistic >50%), analyses were repeated assuming a random effects model. For sub‐analyses of outcomes with data from fewer than three trials, the fixed effects model was used. Statistical analyses for the meta‐analysis were completed with STATA, version 12.1. Compared to the control group, 100% FJ had no significant effect on the SMD of fasting blood glucose (−0.20, 95% CI: −0.43, 0.02, p=0.08, I2 = 68.4, random effects), fasting blood insulin (−0.07, 95% CI: −0.20, 0.06, p=0.27, I2 = 0, fixed effects), or HOMA‐IR (−0.16, 95% CI: −0.41, 0.10, p=0.22, I2 = 58.4, random effects). Statistically significant associations were detected in sub‐analyses of fasting blood glucose by type of fruit juice (berry juice), type of control product (no beverage control), geographic location of the study (Asia), and study quality (Jadad score < 4) and in sub‐analyses of HOMA‐IR by duration of intervention (2–7 weeks). In all cases the observed effect in sub‐analyses was beneficial (i.e., reduced fasting blood glucose or insulin), though the significance of these findings may be limited by the small number of trials. These findings from RCTs, which relate to markers for diabetes, are consistent with findings from some observational studies which suggest that consumption of 100% fruit juice is not associated with increased risk of diabetes. High quality studies of longer duration with glycemic control and insulin sensitivity as primary outcomes for interventions using commonly consumed juices may help to clarify the role of 100% fruit juice on markers of diabetes.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Juice Products Association.
The Effect of Television Viewing and Portion Size on Intake During a Meal
Authors: Rosenthal Rachel , Raynor Hollie 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to investigate the independent and interactive effects of television viewing and portion size on consumption during a meal.MethodsTo test the influence of TV viewing and portion size on meal consumption in healthy weight adults, a 4X2X2 mixed factorial design was used, with a between‐subject factor of order of conditions and within‐subject factors of TV viewing (TV vs. NO TV) and portion size (SMALL vs. LARGE). Seventeen women and three men (21.6 ± 2.3 kg/m2, 22.3 ± 3.7 years), who were predominately white (80%), and non‐Hispanic (95%), were randomized to one of four orders of conditions that varied in TV viewing and portion size of food. For the TV viewing conditions, individuals viewed a 30‐minute show (Scandal), which contained no commercials or food cues (TV), or sat quietly for 30 minutes (NO TV). For the portion size conditions, participants received 500 g macaroni and cheese (998 kcal) and 150 g salad with dressing (85 kcal), providing a total of 1083 kcal (SMALL); or 1000 g macaroni and cheese (1996 kcal) and 300 g salad with dressing (170 kcal), providing a total of 2166 kcal (LARGE). Dependent variables were grams and energy consumed during the meal.ResultsMixed factorial analyses of variance revealed a significant main effect of portion size on grams and energy consumed. Participants consumed more grams (577.9 ± 150.5 g vs. 453.1 ± 96.6 g; p<0.001) and more energy (903.9 ± 270.4 kcal vs. 734.6 ± 187.1 kcal; p<0.002) when provided a larger portion size. A significant main effect of TV viewing or interaction of TV viewing x portion size was not found.ConclusionWatching TV did not increase intake during a meal. Greater gram and energy intake occurred when larger portion sizes were provided. To assist with reducing intake, smaller portion sizes should be implemented in all types of eating situations.Support or Funding InformationN/A
Liquid Calories from Sugars Do Not Increase Body Weight More than Solid Calories: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials
Authors: Noronha Jarvis Clyde , Choo Vivian , Mejia Sonia Blanco , Viguiliouk Effie , Jayalath Viranda , Braunstein Catherine , Kendall Cyril WC , Sievenpiper John 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAlthough liquid calories from sugars have been shown to be more poorly compensated than solid calories in pooled analyses of acute preload trials, it is unclear whether they contribute more to weight gain over the longer term. To synthesize the evidence of the effect of liquid calories from sugars versus solid calories on body weight in controlled trials.MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library through September 21, 2015. We included controlled trials of ≥ 7 days investigating the effect of liquid calories from sugars in exchange for solid calories from various sources on body weight. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data as well as assessed risk of bias (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool). Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I2 statistic).ResultsSeven trials involving 135 participants met the eligibility criteria. The exchange of liquid calories from sugars for solid calories from various carbohydrates did not lead to significant weight gain (MD= −0.38 kg (95% CI −2.14 kg to 1.37 kg) over a median follow‐up of 6‐weeks. There was no evidence of inter‐study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%).LimitationsThe small number and short duration of the available trials are important sources of uncertainty.ConclusionPooled analyses failed to show that liquid calories from sugars result in weight gain compared to solid calories from different carbohydrates. There remains a need for larger and longer high quality trials.Support or Funding InformationFunding: The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (funding reference number, 129920) through the Canada‐wide Human Nutrition Trialists’ Network (NTN) and PSI foundation.
Pterostilbene Inhibits Mitotic Clonal Expansion and Subsequent Decreases Adipogenic Factors in 3T3‐L1
Authors: Seo Young‐Jin 
Published: November 2023

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cancer, and arteriosclerosis. Pterostilbene (trans‐3, 5‐dimethoxy‐4‐hydroxystilbene) is a stilbenoid and found primarily in blueberries and rehmannia glutinosa.Recent studies have shown that stilbenoid inhibits lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. Pterostilbene also suppresses adipocyte differentiation due to attenuate the terminal differentiation markers including proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT‐enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and adipocyte protein 2 (ap2) in 3T3‐L1. However, it remains unclear whether pterostilbene modulates the mitotic clonal expansion and its involvements. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of pterostilbene on mitotic clonal expansionin 3T3‐L1.Prior to start the adipocyte differentiation, the post‐confluent cell density is required to enhance the initiation of the adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1. Since pre‐adipocyte enter the mitotic clonal expansion, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP10) is followed by expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein‐β (C/EBPβ). Early adipogenic factors induce activation of late adipogenic factor such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, and ap2.Here we founded pterostilbene represses C/EBPα expression through inhibiting C/EBPβ, and C/EBPβ is regulated by upstream factor of C/EBPβ, CHOP10. Therefore, pterostilbene inhibits lipid accumulation by regulating early and late adipogenic factor at protein levels. We confirmed that pterostilbene decreases lipid droplet in early as well as late stage. Zebrafish has been used to evaluate the effect of pterostilbene on lipid accumulation in vivo. Pterostilbene dramatically decreased the lipid accumulation in high fat diet‐induced obese zebrafish. Our results show that pterostilbene might be use for the potential of therapeutic agent.
Protective Effects of Dietary Walnuts on High Fat‐induced Hepatic Steatosis, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Mice
Authors: Choi Youngshim , Abdelmegeed Mohamed A. , Song Byoung‐Joon 
Published: November 2023

Free radicals produced during oxidation process in many tissues including the liver are known to contribute to oxidative organ damage and apoptosis. Consequently, antioxidants have become an essential part of prevention and/or amelioration of disease progression. The potential toxicities of some synthetic antioxidants have resulted in their limited usages and thus accelerated research efforts to use antioxidants from natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Walnuts represent dietary nuts that show significant antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that dietary walnut supplementation would ameliorate high fat diet (HFD)‐induced hepatic fat accumulation and apoptosis, at least partially, by decreased levels of oxidative/nitrative stress and HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a regular rodent chow or HFD (45% energy‐derived) with or without walnuts (20% energy‐derived) for 6 weeks. Histological analysis revealed the accumulation of lipid droplets in the livers of HFD‐fed mice, whereas the intensity of lipid droplets accumulation was markedly decreased in the livers of mice fed HFD+walnuts (HFD+W). The amelioration of hepatic steatosis by walnuts was further confirmed by the measured levels of hepatic triglyceride. Furthermore, the addition of walnuts markedly decreased the increased levels of a well‐established oxidative stress inducer cytochrome P450‐2E1 (CYP2E1) without affecting the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was also up‐regulated by HFD. In addition, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that hepatic levels of protein nitration and lipid peroxidation, other markers of oxidative stress, were significantly decreased by the walnut supplementation compared to the mice exposed to HFD. Consistently, the HFD‐induced oxidative/nitrative stress activated the death signaling pathways such as JNK and p38 kinase. However, walnut supplementation significantly decreased the phosphorylation (activation) of both JNK and p38 kinase in the livers, compared with those in the HFD‐exposed mice, and prevented the HFD‐induced hepatic apoptosis. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the protective effects of walnuts against HFD‐mediated hepatic steatosis and apoptosis are mediated, at least partially, by decreasing the oxidative/nitrative stress and the cell death signaling pathways in HFD‐fed mice. The beneficial effects likely result from the anti‐oxidant ingredients of walnuts or indirectly via attenuating hepatic steatosis.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by a grant to Youngshim Choi from the KRIBB Research Initiative Program (Korean Biomedical Scientist Fellowship Program), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Republic of Korea and the Intramural Research Program of National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Components of the metabolic syndrome and its association with nutritional status of vitamin D in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Romero‐Velarde Enrique , Casillas‐Toral Erika , Fonseca‐Reyes Salvador , Aguirre‐Salas Liuba Marina 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveIdentify the association between metabolic syndrome components and vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with obesity in the Hospital Civil of Guadalajara.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in 65 obese patients aged 6 to 18 years old. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and the determination of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, lipid profile, glucose and insulin were performed. Children with endogenous obesity, diagnosis of endocrine diseases, or consumption of drugs that alter the absorption of vitamin D were excluded. Subjects were categorized as deficient or sufficient according to serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (< or ≥ 30 ng/mL). Components of the metabolic syndrome were compared between children with or without vitamin D deficiency with Student t test. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the associations among components of the metabolic syndrome and anthropometric parameters.Results37 boys and 28 girls with a mean age of 10.3 ± 2.2 years were included. Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 32.3% of study subjects and the metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 53.2% of the population. The mean values of insulin (p= 0.05) and waist circumference (p= 0.06) were higher in the group with vitamin D deficiency, and systolic blood pressure was lower. Significant correlations were identified between insulin and Z score of BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p< 0.05); and between waist circumference and Z score of BMI, HOMA‐IR index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated insulin levels and waist circumference. It has been reported that vitamin D has direct and indirect effects on insulin release; therefore its deficit can accentuate the state of insulin resistance that occurs in obese subjects, and accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome.