bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the expression profiles of 7000 Arabidopsis genes under drought, cold and high‐salinity stresses using a full‐length cDNA microarray
Authors: Seki Motoaki , Narusaka Mari , Ishida Junko , Nanjo Tokihiko , Fujita Miki , Oono Youko , Kamiya Asako , Nakajima Maiko , Enju Akiko , Sakurai Tetsuya , Satou Masakazu , Akiyama Kenji , Taji Teruaki , Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki Kazuko , Carninci Piero , Kawai Jun , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Shinozaki Kazuo 
Published: March 2003

SummaryFull‐length cDNAs are essential for functional analysis of plant genes in the post‐sequencing era of the Arabidopsis genome. Recently, cDNA microarray analysis has been developed for quantitative analysis of global and simultaneous analysis of expression profiles. We have prepared a full‐length cDNA microarray containing ≈7000 independent, full‐length cDNA groups to analyse the expression profiles of genes under drought, cold (low temperature) and high‐salinity stress conditions over time. The transcripts of 53, 277 and 194 genes increased after cold, drought and high‐salinity treatments, respectively, more than fivefold compared with the control genes. We also identified many highly drought‐, cold‐ or high‐salinity‐ stress‐inducible genes. However, we observed strong relationships in the expression of these stress‐responsive genes based on Venn diagram analysis, and found 22 stress‐inducible genes that responded to all three stresses. Several gene groups showing different expression profiles were identified by analysis of their expression patterns during stress‐responsive gene induction. The cold‐inducible genes were classified into at least two gene groups from their expression profiles. DREB1A was included in a group whose expression peaked at 2 h after cold treatment. Among the drought, cold or high‐salinity stress‐inducible genes identified, we found 40 transcription factor genes (corresponding to ≈11% of all stress‐inducible genes identified), suggesting that various transcriptional regulatory mechanisms function in the drought, cold or high‐salinity stress signal transduction pathways.
Characterization and cDNA‐microarray expression analysis of 12‐oxophytodienoate reductases reveals differential roles for octadecanoid biosynthesis in the local versus the systemic wound response
Authors: Strassner Jochen , Schaller Florian , Frick Ursula B. , Howe Gregg A. , Weiler Elmar W. , Amrhein Nikolaus , Macheroux Peter , Schaller Andreas 
Published: March 2003

Summary12‐Oxophytodienoate reductases (OPRs) belong to a family of flavin‐dependent oxidoreductases. With two new tomato isoforms reported here, three OPRs have now been characterized in both tomato and Arabidopsis. Only one of these isoforms (OPR3) participates directly in the octadecanoid pathway for jasmonic acid biosynthesis, as only OPR3 reduces the 9S,13S‐stereoisomer of 12‐oxophytodienoic acid, the biological precursor of jasmonic acid. The subcellular localization of OPRs was analyzed in tomato and Arabidopsis. The OPR3 protein and activity were consistently found in peroxisomes where they co‐localize with the enzymes of β‐oxidation which catalyze the final steps in the formation of jasmonic acid. The octadecanoid pathway is thus confined to plastids and peroxisomes and, in contrast to previous assumptions, does not involve the cytosolic compartment. The expression of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum,Le) OPR3 was analyzed in the context of defense‐related genes using a microarray comprising 233 cDNA probes. LeOPR3 was found to be up‐regulated after wounding with induction kinetics resembling those of other octadecanoid pathway enzymes. In contrast to the induction of genes for wound response proteins (e.g. proteinase inhibitors), the accumulation of octadecanoid pathway transcripts was found to be more rapid and transient in wounded leaves, but hardly detectable in unwounded, systemic leaves. Consistent with the expression data, OPDA and JA were found to accumulate locally but not systemically in the leaves of wounded tomato plants. The transcriptional activation of the octadecanoid pathway and the accumulation of JA to high levels are, thus not required for the activation of defense gene expression in systemic tissues.
Leaves of the Lamiaceae species Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) contain a lectin that is structurally and evolutionary related to the legume lectins
Authors: Wang Weifang , Peumans Willy J. , Rougé Pierre , Rossi Claire , Proost Paul , Chen Jianping , Van Damme Els J. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA novel lectin has been isolated and cloned from leaves of Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy), a typical representative of the plant family Lamiaceae. Biochemical analyses indicated that the G. hederacea agglutinin (Gleheda) is a tetrameric protein consisting of four subunits pairwise linked through an interchain disulphide bridge and exhibits a preferential specificity towards N‐acetylgalactosamine. Cloning of the corresponding gene and molecular modeling of the deduced sequence demonstrated that Gleheda shares high sequence similarity with the legume lectins and exhibits the same overall fold and three‐dimensional structure as the classical legume lectins. The identification of a soluble and active legume lectin ortholog in G. hederacea not only indicates that the yet unclassified Lamiaceae lectins belong to the same lectin family as the legume lectins, but also sheds a new light on the specificity, physiological role and evolution of the classical legume lectins.
The case for standardization of transfusion medicine practices in French blood banks
Authors: Moncharmont  , Lacruche  , Planat  , Morizur  , Subtil  
Published: March 2003

Despite a decrease in collection and transfusion of blood components and technical and quality assurance improvements, adverse effects of transfusion, particularly fatalities due to ABO incompatibility, remain high. In order to evaluate the immunohaematology and blood products recipient practices in French blood banks, we have mailed a questionnaire and analysed the answers. Our study shows a great variation in practices.Most blood banks (70.6%) perform a second ABO blood grouping test for patients before they consider it as valid and keep it in their laboratory's computer system.The use of faxed requisition forms for blood products (84.0%) or immunological data (89.4%) are commonly accepted by French blood banks before preparation of orders for blood components. Nevertheless, at the time of blood product delivery, 40.4% of them required the original order documents. Completion of the transfusion follow‐up form for blood components is undertaken free of charge by blood banks. When immunohaematology data of a patient are in the blood banks computer system and if a hospital department wants patient's ABO rhesus (RH1) blood group card, a duplicate of this card is frequently edited. Lastly, a committee is needed to establish, as in United Kingdom, guidelines in blood products recipients practices in French blood banks. Standard operating procedures regarding organization, documentation, techniques, etc., at the blood banks and the hospital will be written and valided for each step of the process prior to blood transfusion of a patient.
A potentially improved approach to methylene blue virus inactivation of plasma: the Maco Pharma Maco‐Tronic system
Authors: Hornsey V. S. , Drummond O. , Young D. , Docherty A. , Prowse C. V. 
Published: March 2003

. Plasma was subjected to methylene blue (MB) photochemical virus inactivation using the Maco Pharma Maco‐Tronic system which allows three units to be illuminated together, thus reducing processing time. The plasma bag system used incorporates an integral membrane plasma filter and a dry MB pill which dissolves in the plasma to give a 1‐µm concentration. There is computer‐controlled processing and datalogging.In an assessment of 10 pools of Group A plasma, the losses of coagulation factors, following MB/light treatment, were 23% fibrinogen, 10% FV, 26% FVIII, 11% FIX and 13% FXI. Group O, Group B and Group AB plasmas were not tested.Von Willebrand factor (vWf) multimers showed no substantial change when treated with MB, and no losses were seen for antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C and vWf:Ag.Measurements of C3a, C5a, prothrombin fragment 1+2 and FXIIa indicated that there was no activation as a result of filtration.
Identification and quantification of anti‐D, ‐C and ‐G in alloimmunized pregnant women
Authors: Maley M. , Babb R. , Chapman C. E. , Fitzgerald J. , Cavanagh G. 
Published: March 2003

. Our objectives were to investigate possible overestimation of maternal anti‐D due to co‐existing anti‐C and/or anti‐G, and to confirm the presence of anti‐D in plasma presumed to contain anti‐D+C.We investigated 96 samples (from 22 antenatal patients and 74 blood donors) initially identified as containing anti‐D+C using routine investigation procedures. Anti‐D quantification was performed using an Astoria Pacific International 300 (API 300) continuous flow analyser with R1R1 and R2R2 reagent red cells. Where possible, samples were tested manually using a rare D+, C‐, G‐ cell, to confirm the presence of anti‐D.Fifty‐two of 96 samples (11/22 antenatal patients and 41/74 blood donors) gave > 50% higher anti‐D quantification results with R1R1 cells than with R2R2 cells. Anti‐D was not detected using manual techniques in 16 of 73 samples tested (10/22 antenatal patients and 6/51 blood donors).Anti‐D quantification using R1R1 reagent red cells may cause inaccurate estimation of anti‐D levels, when anti‐C and/or anti‐G are present. Indeed, a significant number of cases, where apparent anti‐D+C is identified, may contain only anti‐C+G and lack an anti‐D component. This may in turn lead to a failure to administer prophylactic anti‐D immunoglobulin to RhD negative patients in cases where anti‐D is not present, putting these patients at risk from immunization with possible consequences to future pregnancies.
Arabian Peninsula men tend to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk seen in South Asians
Authors: Pugh R. N. H. , Hossain M. M. , Malik M. , El Mugamer I. T. , White M. A. 
Published: March 2003

Summary

objective To test the hypothesis that peninsular Arabs and South Asians share a tendency to insulin resistance, differing from other ethnic groups living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). methods A representative sample of 358 apparently healthy men aged 35–49 years drawn from a multi‐ethnic office‐based workforce in the UAE was tested. The sample included a reference group of expatriate South Asians, in whom insulin resistance has already been described as the cause of high coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. All subjects were screened for CHD risk factors, including glucose tolerance and 2‐h serum insulin determinations. results There was a high prevalence of previously undiagnosed cases of diabetes (10.1%) and hypertension (14.2%). South Asian and peninsular Arab men shared the tendency to significantly higher 2‐h glucose and insulin levels, lower HDL cholesterol concentrations and abdominal obesity especially compared to Europeans, who were five times less likely to be glucose‐intolerant (OR 5.40, P = 0.015). Three other Arab groups were intermediate in most trends. conclusion Susceptibility to insulin resistance in Arabian peninsula men is strongly supported, suggesting that control of obesity and promotion of exercise are the best approach to CHD prevention.
Short communication: Dengue serotype 2 subtype III (‘Jamaica’) epidemic in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Authors: Van der Stuyft  , Gianella  , Pirard  , Holzman  , Peredo  , Boelaert  , Vorndam  
Published: March 2003

Summary
background  During the past decade, dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) have become a public health problem in various Latin American countries. Indications of increased dengue cases in the city of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, early in 1997 were promptly investigated. methods  We conducted a sample sero‐survey in one district of the city. Levels of antidengue IgM were determined and genetic analysis was performed on virus isolates. results  IgM antibodies were detected in 6.5% (95% CI: 3.4%– 9.6%) of adults (over 15 years old) and 5.1% (2.0%– 8.2%) of children (5–7 years old). Dengue virus serotype 2 subtype III (‘Jamaica’) was isolated. conclusions  The estimated attack rates are compatible with a dengue epidemic in Santa Cruz. Isolation of dengue‐2 ‘Jamaica’ virus documents the further spread of this subtype from the Caribbean via Brazil into South America. Increased DHF preparedness seems mandatory.
Possible dengue sequential infection: dengue spread in a neighbourhood during the 1996/97 dengue‐2 epidemic in French Polynesia
Authors: Deparis  , Roche  , Murgue  , Chungue  
Published: March 2003

A DEN‐2 epidemic occurred in French Polynesia from August 1996 to April 1997 after 7 years of DEN‐3 circulation. The susceptible population constituted all expatriates and Polynesians under 21. In August 1996, two successive DEN‐2 cases occurred in Teroma, a Tahitian neighbourhood close to the international airport of Tahiti. A serological prospective study of persons < 21 years living in Teroma was conducted. The study population was bled in September 1996, October 1996 and June 1997. Analysis of dengue spread in Teroma confirmed that dengue transmission occurs primarily in the house, thus vector control campaigns should incorporate focal insecticide spraying and systematic daily use of insecticide in houses. The evolution in time of the disease demonstrated that among a susceptible population, prevalence and incidence rates are related to the time of exposure, and consequently to age. Comparison of dengue incidence or dengue prevalence between populations therefore requires adjusted age rates. Most studies did not adjust for age, leading to the conclusion that DHF is more frequent during secondary than during primary dengue infection. Prospective studies taking into account the time of dengue exposure are necessary to confirm the sequential infection hypothesis.
Renal involvement in Gambian children with cerebral or mild malaria
Authors: Weber Martin W. , Zimmermann Ulrich , Hensbroek Michael Boele , Frenkel Jost , Palmer Ayo , Ehrich Jochen H. H. , Greenwood Brian M. 
Published: March 2003

Summary Kidney function was studied in 80 Gambian children with cerebral malaria, 73 children with mild malaria, and in 19 children with other febrile illnesses. Serum creatinine was measured, and the excretion in urine of immunoglobulin G, transferrin, albumin and alpha 1 microglobulin was determined. Twenty‐five percent of children with cerebral malaria, and 4% of children with mild malaria had an elevated serum creatinine above 62 μmol/l. Increased urinary protein excretion was frequent: 53% of children with cerebral malaria had a glomerulo‐tubular pattern of protein excretion, and 46% a tubular pattern. Median albuminuria was 68 mg/l in children with cerebral malaria, 18 mg/l in children with mild malaria, and 9 mg/l in febrile children with other diseases (P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between the proteinuria and height of fever or the degree of parasitaemia, and there was no significant association between death and signs of renal impairment. Renal involvement is common in children with malaria in The Gambia, with prerenal, glomerular, and tubulo‐interstitial factors contributing. It is more pronounced in children with cerebral malaria than in those with mild malaria. However, renal dysfunction is relatively mild and does not indicate a worse prognosis.
Evidence for an association between hookworm infection and cognitive function in Indonesian school children
Authors: Sakti Hastaning , Nokes Catherine , Subagio Hertanto W. , Hendratno Sri , Hall Andrew , Bundy Donald A. P. , Satoto  
Published: March 2003

Summary The association between helminth infection and cognitive and motor function was investigated in school‐age children in Java, Indonesia. 432 children from 42 primary schools participated in the study. Children were stratified by age and sex into two age groups, 8–9 years and 11–13 years. Children infected with hookworm performed significantly worse than children without hookworm infection in 6 of the 14 cognitive or motor tests. After controlling for school (as a random effect) plus age, socio‐economic status and parental education, sex, stunting (height‐for‐age < − 2sd), body mass index, haemoglobin concentration and the presence of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections, infection with hookworm explained significantly lower scores on tests of Fluency (P < 0.01), Digit‐Span Forwards (P < 0.01), Number Choice (P < 0.01), Picture Search (P < 0.03), Stroop Colour Word (P < 0.02) and Mazes (P < 0.001). In 4 of the 6‐tests (Fluency, Number Choice, Picture Search and Mazes), there was a significant interaction between hookworm infection and age (P < 0.03), indicating that the association between hookworm and lower test scores increased with age. No associations were observed between hookworm infection and scores in tests of Digit‐Span Backwards, Corsi‐Block, Stroop Colour, Stroop Interference, Free Recall, Verbal Analogies, Bead Threading or the Pegboard (P > 0.05). Tests associated with helminths represented various functions of working memory. No significant associations between helminth infection and motor function were observed that could not be explained by chance. The results suggest that hookworm infection can have a significant adverse effect on children's working memory which may have consequences for a child's reasoning ability and reading comprehension. Although the results are only associational, the fact that differences in cognition were observed at baseline imply that preventing infection with helminths in school‐age children could be of benefit.
Detection of circulating E/S antigens in the sera of patients with fascioliasis by IELISA: a tool of serodiagnosis and assessment of cure
Authors: Shehab A. Y. , Hassan E. M. , Basha L. M. Abou , Omar E. A. , Helmy M. H. , El‐Morshedy H. N. , Farag H. F. 
Published: March 2003

Summary An IELISA was developed to evaluate the performance of Fasciola E/S antigens in diagnosis and cure assessment of human Fasciola infection. Twenty patients with acute (prepatent) fascioliasis and another 20 with patent infection were enrolled in the study. Patients were treated with TCZ and followed at 1, 3 and 6 months after therapy. At inspection, the sensitivity of the test to diagnose prepatent cases was 100% compared to 70% for patent infections. There was a gradual decrease of antigenaemia over the follow‐up period in acute cases. In chronic cases antigen disappeared from 13 cases (65%) at 1 month; this proportion did not change at 3 or 6 months.
Epidemiological features and case management practices of imported malaria in northern Italy 1991–1995
Authors: Matteelli A. , Colombini P. , Gulletta M. , Castelli F. , Carosi G. 
Published: March 2003

Summary We report the results of a retrospective analysis of the clinical charts of imported malaria cases notified during the period 1991–95 in the Lombardy region of northern Italy. We analysed 694 admissions related to 683 individuals. The proportion of immigrants increased during the observation period from 34.4% in 1991 to 59.9% in 1995 (P = 0.002). P. falciparum was the causative species in 534 cases (78.2%), and 591 (90.1%) of 656 cases with a full travel history had travelled to Africa. Information on chemoprophylaxis was available in 604 cases: 429 (71.0%) reported no drug intake, 140 (23.2%) an incomplete, and 35 (5.8%) a complete chemoprophylactic course. The proportion of subjects who had initiated malaria chemoprophylaxis was significantly lower among immigrants (7.4%) than nonimmigrants (50.2%) (P < 0.001). Severe disease was diagnosed in 26 (4.7%) of 551 cases of falciparum malaria, with a significantly lower incidence among immigrants (1.3%vs. 9.2%; P < 0.001). Eight deaths were recorded, all among nonimmigrants, whose fatality rate was significantly higher (P = 0.02). Mefloquine treatment of cases of uncomplicated falciparum malaria was associated with a significantly shorter fever clearance time (2.8 days ± 1.5 vs. 3.5 days ± 1.9; P < 0.001) and mean hospital stay (5.9 days ± 4.4 vs. 8.3 days ± 5.1; P < 0.001) compared to quinine treatment.
Incidence de la maladie du sommeil et densité des campements de culture en forêt de Côte d'Ivoire: possibilité de prédiction des zones á risques pour la mise en place précoce d'un réseau de surveillance
Authors: Laveissière C. , Meda A. H. 
Published: March 2003

RésuméUn réseau de surveillance basé sur les Soins de Santé Primaires apte á détecter les cas rapidement et á maintenir la prévalence de l'endémie á un niveau acceptable semble être une bonne alternative á l'intervention ponctuelle d'équipes mobiles pour la lutte contre la maladie du sommeil en forêt de Côte d'Ivoire. Il est difficile de concevoir qu'un réseau de surveillance puisse être mis en place partout. Il faut donc identifier les zones les plus á risque et, pour ce faire, il est essentiel de trouver un indicateur adéquat. L'étude des données recueillies dans plusieurs foyers de la forêt ivoirienne met en évidence une corrélation étroite entre la densité des campements de culture par kilomètre carré et le risque épidémiologique (r= 0983; P < 0,05). L'installation de la maladie du sommeil est liée á plusieurs facteurs, le principal étant l'homme. Son action sur l'environnement modifie les relations qu'il entretient avec les glossines. Le risque épidémiologique, et donc l'incidence de la maladie, vont croá(r)tre jusqu'au moment oú la pression humaine étant trop forte, les conditions de survie du vecteur ne seront plus assurées entraá(r)nant l'arrêt de la transmission. Cette hypothèse est validée par la corrélation existant entre d, la densité de campements au kilomètre carré et i l'incidence cumulée: i = 0988 d − 0967 (r= 0,951). Ainsi la prévalence serait de 0,5%á partir d'une densité de 1,5 campements par km2; elle serait de 1%á partir d'une densité de 2. Les premiers résultats de l'utilisation de la télédétection indiquent qu'il devrait être possible de délimiter rapidement les régions forestières oú la densité de campements de culture a atteint une valeur critique justifiant la mise en place des structures et protocoles de surveillance.In the forests of Cáte d'Ivoire a surveillance network is needed to quickly and continuously detect cases of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). This requires knowledge of high risk areas, and thus of an appropriate epidemiological indicator. Study of several HAT foci in Cáte d'Ivoire shows a striking correlation between epidemiological risk and settlement density by square kilometer (r= 0983; P < 0,05). Epidemiological risk and disease incidence will increase up to the point when human influence eradicates the vector. This hypothesis is supported by the correlation between settlement density (d) and cumulative incidence: i = 0988 d − 0967 (r= 0.951). The prevalence would be 0.5% from 1.5 settlements per km2, and 1% from a density of 2. The first results of remote sensing indicate that it is possible to identify forest areas where settlement density has reached a critical level.