bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe Early-Onset Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in a Neonate Born to a Mother with Crohn's Disease in Clinical Remission: A Case Report
Authors: Ikenaga Chiho , Uchi Ryosuke , Ishida Fumihiko , Hirata Michisato , Iwama Kazuhiro , Ina Shinichiro , Tatsuno Yuko , Kemmotsu Takahiro , Shibasaki Jun , Ito Shuichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in neonates is a significant disorder that causes skin, gastrointestinal, and intracranial hemorrhaging. Early-onset VKDB occurs within 24 hours of birth, and its prognosis is poor due to severe hemorrhage. The causes of early-onset VKDB include maternal intake of warfarin and anticoagulants, and maternal vitamin K deficiency. We report the case of a neonate with early-onset VKDB born to a mother with Crohn's disease. The neonate developed severe cerebellar hemorrhage on the day of birth and subsequent noncommunicating hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The mother had a 14-year history of Crohn's disease and short bowel owing to intestinal resection. She was in complete remission during pregnancy according to the Crohn's Disease Activity Index. Endoscopic examination performed shortly before pregnancy revealed inflammatory findings in the residual small intestine. Her blood tests at delivery showed an elevated prothrombin induced by vitamin K deficiency or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) level of 26,900 mAU/mL. A definitive protocol to prevent early-onset VKDB in mothers with Crohn's disease complicated by a short bowel is lacking. Administering vitamin K to mothers with elevated PIVKA-II levels before delivery may help prevent early-onset VKDB.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Anaphylaxis
Authors: Gelbenegger Georg , Buchtele Nina , Schoergenhofer Christian , Grafeneder Jürgen , Schwameis Michael , Schellongowski Peter , Denk Wolfgang , Jilma Bernd 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnaphylaxis is a life-threatening condition that involves severe cutaneous, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired, widespread activation of coagulation that can be caused by infectious conditions (e.g., sepsis) and noninfectious conditions. The onset of DIC following anaphylaxis is not commonly known, and information regarding the pathomechanism linking anaphylaxis to DIC is scarce. Further, demographic and clinical data in anaphylaxis-induced DIC are still missing to this day. Triggered by a case of anaphylaxis-induced DIC that seamlessly transitioned to lethal sepsis-induced DIC, we aimed to characterize the patient population affected by anaphylaxis-induced DIC by performing a review of existing literature and expand the discussion to underlying mechanisms. The overall mortality of the patient cohort (n = 30) identified by the literature review was 50%. All patients that died either suffered a bleeding event or a thrombotic event. The majority of patients (n = 25/30; 83%) had bleeding events; thrombotic events were only reported in nonsurvivors (n = 9/15 or 60% of nonsurvivors; vs. n = 0/15 in survivors; p < 0.001). Nonsurvivors of anaphylaxis-induced DIC were on average 25 years older than survivors (p = 0.068). In conclusion, DIC can complicate anaphylaxis and is expected to contribute to poor microvascular perfusion after anaphylaxis. Particularly, elderly patients with known cardiovascular disease and patients who develop thrombotic events are susceptible to lethal outcomes. As a rare and largely uncharacterized disease entity, further research is needed to investigate the link between DIC and anaphylaxis and to potentially identify better treatment strategies.
Investigating the Lorentz invariance violation effect using different cosmological backgrounds
Authors: Abdalla H , Cotter G , Backes M , Kasai E , Böttcher M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFamiliar concepts in physics, such as Lorentz symmetry, are expected to be broken at energies approaching the Planck energy scale as predicted by several quantum-gravity theories. However, such very large energies are unreachable by current experiments on Earth. Current and future Cherenkov telescope facilities may have the capability to measure the accumulated deformation from Lorentz symmetry for photons traveling over large distances via energy-dependent time delays. One of the best natural laboratories to test Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) signatures are gamma-ray bursts. The calculation of time delays due to the LIV effect depends on the cosmic expansion history. In most of the previous works calculating time lags due to the LIV effect, the standard ΛCDM (or concordance) cosmological model is assumed. In this paper, we investigate whether the LIV signature is significantly different when assuming alternatives to the ΛCDM cosmological model. Specifically, we consider cosmological models with a non-trivial dark-energy equation of state (EoS) (w≠−1), such as the standard Chevallier–Polarski–Linder parameterization, the quadratic parameterization of the dark-energy EoS, and the Pade parameterizations. We find that the relative difference in the predicted time lags is small, of the order of at most a few percent, and thus likely smaller than the systematic errors of possible measurements currently or in the near future.
Investigating the efficiency of air-source heat pumps in the secondary school physics laboratory
Authors: Cottle Daniel , Campbell Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental method for investigating the coefficient of performance of air-source heat pumps for secondary age children and links this to ideas about energy efficiency. It was developed and trialled in a secondary school in the West Midlands of England in response to literature that reveals climate anxiety to be increasing amongst young people around the world and their resulting desire to take action. Links are made to the topic of energy efficiency in the current physics school curriculum in England which is used, where possible, to explain the results of the investigation with suggestions for where extensions might be made in future to facilitate a more complete understanding by pupils. Links to wider societal change in the decarbonisation of home heating in the UK as part of the national response to climate change are explored and an argument is made for the viability and necessity of including the technology of air-source heats pumps in the physics curriculum for all children.
Depopulation mechanisms of atomic hydrogen in the n = 3 level following two-photon excitation by a picosecond laser
Authors: Duluard Corinne Y , Invernizzi Laurent , Hassouni Khaled , Lombardi Guillaume , Gazeli Kristaq , Prasanna Swaminathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the major constraints of measurements of atomic hydrogen densities using two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence in most plasma and combustion environments is the determination of fluorescence decay times (

τ

fluo H

), especially when using nanosecond-lasers or slow acquisition systems. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the depopulation processes of the laser excited level in order to correctly estimate

τ

fluo H

. In this study, depopulation mechanisms of atomic hydrogen excited by two-photon absorption to the n = 3 level (H(n = 3)) have been investigated using a picosecond-laser excitation and acquisition of fluorescence by a streak camera, which allowed for direct measurement of

τ

fluo H

and hence, the atomic hydrogen densities, in an H2 microwave plasma operating in the pressure range 20–300 Pa. By combining these measurements with a detailed H(n = 3) collisional radiative depopulation model, it was found that full mixing amongst the H(n = 3) sub-levels occurs in our discharge conditions, even at a pressure as low as 20 Pa. Moreover, it is also seen that the Lyman β line is only partially trapped, as its escape factor

Λ

31

decreases from 0.94–0.98 down to 0.58–0.86 while the measured atomic hydrogen density rises from

8
±
5
×

10

19

m

−
3

to

9
±
6
×

10

20

m

−
3

. This means that the radiative decay rate of H(n = 3) atoms varies with pressure and the classical Stern–Volmer method used to determine the quenching cross-section of excited H(n = 3) in collisions with H2 molecules,

σ

Q

H

n
=
3

/

H

2

, is not valid for our measurements. We used two different physics-based approaches, and show that the quenching cross-section

σ

Q

H

n
=
3

/

H

2

lies in the range 90–

106
×

10

−
20

m

2

, which can be averaged as

98
±
8
×

10

−
20

m

2

. This substantially improved estimation of

σ

Q

H

n
=
3

/

H

2

obtained in this work will be useful for the accurate estimation of H(n = 3) fluorescence decay times and therefore the atomic hydrogen densities.
Phase transformation on HZO ferroelectric layer in ferroelectric random-access memory induced by x-ray irradiation
Authors: Wu Chung-Wei , Chen Po-Hsun , Chang Ting-Chang , Tan Yung-Fang , Lin Shih-Kai , Yeh Yu-Hsuan , Zhang Yong-Ci , Lin Hsin-Ni , Chang Kai-Chun , Yeh Chien-Hung , Sze Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, electrical measurements on ferroelectric random-access memory by prior x-ray irradiation are conducted. Compared with an unirradiated device, parameters such as current leakage and remnant polarization of the irradiated device were unexpectedly improved. Besides, better reliabilities including the number of endurance times and retention time have also been demonstrated. To clarify the underlying physical mechanism, the electrical properties are analyzed. The current–voltage curve (I–V) implies a change in the grain size in the ferroelectric layer (FL), and the capacitance–voltage curve (C–V) profile indicates that the FL undergoes a phase change during irradiation. Finally, according to the electrical results, a physical model is proposed as an explanation.
SELEX-discovered aptamer that inhibits cellular interleukin-17/interleukin-17 receptor interaction and antagonizes interleukin-17 signaling
Authors: Munshi Arifur Rahman , Wang Tong , Takamori Yukio , Ando Takehiro , Yokoyama Takumi , Fuji Daisuke , Xu Zhehao , Vedi Santhana , Yamamoto Mizuki , Tsukamoto Keita , Kawakami Takashi 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This research is based on a Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment, also referred to as in vitro selection against the extracellular domain of human interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA). Pull-down assay via quantitative polymerase chain reaction and chemiluminescence detection showed that the cloned RNA with the enriched sequence bound to human IL-17RA and inhibited the interaction between IL-17RA and human interleukin-17A (IL-17A). We also revealed that the newly discovered IL-17RA-binding RNA aptamer bound to cellular IL-17RA, inhibited the cellular IL-17RA/IL-17A interaction, and antagonized cellular IL-17A signaling.
Addressing Access and Equity for Latine Youth through Sport-Based Positive Youth Development
Authors: Bates Samantha , O’Quinn Luke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organized out-of-school time (OST) activities are critical assets that help youth develop life and social skills. Latine youth have some of the lowest rates of participation in OST activities out of all racial and ethnic subgroups due to structural and interpersonal barriers that perpetuate and reproduce patterns of inequality. The purpose of the current study was to describe a youth-led, community-driven, sport-based positive youth development program, the Los Angeles Football Club Youth Leadership Program, and examine associations with participation across three levels: (1) alumni’s enrollment and employment outcomes; (2) youth leaders’ outcomes (e.g., pre- and postprogram surveys); and (3) outputs of the program’s community outreach efforts (e.g., demographics and outputs associated with youth-led community-based activities). Drawing on the study’s findings, authors argue that this program describes an emergent “ladder to leadership” model that can guide community engagement through the delivery of culturally responsive programming and the use of sport to support social–emotional learning during OST. These findings contribute to an important discussion of how to leverage sport to address issues of access and equity during OST for Latine youth.
Critical Periods in Cognitive and Socioemotional Development: Evidence from Weather Shocks in Indonesia
Authors: Webb Duncan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early-life circumstances are important determinants of long-run human capital and well-being outcomes. The first 1,000 days of life are often cited as a ‘critical period’ for child development, but this notion has rarely been directly tested. In a setting where children are potentially subject to shocks in every year of their childhood, I estimate the impact of early-life weather shocks on adult cognitive and socioemotional outcomes for individuals born in rural Indonesia between 1988 and 2000. There is a strong critical period for these shocks at age two for cognitive development, but no evidence for a similar critical period for socioemotional development. The effects appear to be driven by changes in agricultural income and nutritional investment. The impacts are initially latent, only appearing after age 15. I show suggestive evidence for dynamic complementarity in early-life investments.
Carbon amendments in soil microcosms induce uneven response on H2 oxidation activity and microbial community composition
Authors: Baril Xavier , Constant Philippe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-affinity H2-oxidizing bacteria (HA-HOB) thriving in soil are responsible for the most important sink of atmospheric H2. Their activity increases with soil organic carbon content, but the incidence of different carbohydrate fractions on the process has received little attention. Here we tested the hypothesis that carbon amendments impact HA-HOB activity and diversity differentially depending on their recalcitrance and their concentration. Carbon sources (sucrose, starch, cellulose) and application doses (0, 0.1, 1, 3, 5% Ceq soildw−1) were manipulated in soil microcosms. Only 0.1% Ceq soildw−1 cellulose treatment stimulated the HA-HOB activity. Sucrose amendments induced the most significant changes, with an abatement of 50% activity at 1% Ceq soildw−1. This was accompanied with a loss of bacterial and fungal alpha diversity and a reduction of high-affinity group 1 h/5 [NiFe]-hydrogenase gene (hhyL) abundance. A quantitative classification framework was elaborated to assign carbon preference traits to 16S rRNA gene, ITS and hhyL genotypes. The response was uneven at the taxonomic level, making carbon preference a difficult trait to predict. Overall, the results suggest that HA-HOB activity is more susceptible to be stimulated by low doses of recalcitrant carbon, while labile carbon-rich environment is an unfavorable niche for HA-HOB, inducing catabolic repression of hydrogenase.
Applications and analytical approaches using imaging sonar for quantifying behavioural interactions among aquatic organisms and their environment
Authors: Munnelly Ryan T , Castillo Jose C , Handegard Nils Olav , Kimball Matthew E , Boswell Kevin M , Rieucau Guillaume 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many aquatic animals, distributional patterns, trophodynamic relationships, and reproductive activity are driven by complex biotic and abiotic ecosystem interactions that influence behaviour. Linking behavioural information to environmental stimuli and stressors can, therefore, help to anticipate population and ecosystem responses to changing conditions and inform management. However, behavioural information is challenging to obtain because many sampling gears do not provide adequate spatial or temporal resolution, or potentially alter behaviours. Traditionally, most behavioural studies have been laboratory experiments, while behaviour in situ has often been inferred indirectly. Advancements in imaging sonar technology enable the study of in situ behaviours with the potential to address many understudied relationships. In this review we discuss applications of imaging sonar among a meta-analysis of 155 studies of aquatic organisms in their environments. We evaluate the performance of imaging sonar for studying inter- and intra-specific interactions, associations with complex and sensitive habitats and low-visibility environments, and to evaluate traditional fisheries sampling gears. We examine the data processing and analytical methods used to refine taxonomic resolution, manage time use and autocorrelation through sub-sampling, extract behavioural metrics applied to ecological processes, and for automating abundance estimates and image classification with the goal of providing a resource for researchers.
Triangulating the Legitimacy of International Organizations: Beliefs, Discourses, and Actions
Authors: Steffek Jens 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is commonplace to say that international organizations (IOs) face a legitimacy crisis because they are perceived as undemocratic, unaccountable, and inefficient. Plausible as it may seem, this still must count as a conjecture. In this article, I review the rapidly growing literature that has explored this connection empirically. I follow three strands of research that approach the legitimacy of IOs from different angles. The first strand explores individual beliefs through observational and experimental surveys. The second strand analyzes public discourses, mapping arguments deployed to (de-)legitimize IOs. The third strand studies political action related to legitimacy, such as protest voting, street demonstrations, and withdrawal of member states from IOs. The empirical evidence shows that citizens expect fair procedures and balanced outcomes also in international politics; that legitimation discourses revolve around democratic standards and not only performance; and that institutions respond to protests. It is less clear, however, how the three dimensions of (de-)legitimation interact. I argue that we need to triangulate them more systematically to see the connections between beliefs, arguments, and political action at work. I suggest in-depth case studies, sensitive to the context and content of legitimation debates, that cover these three dimensions and their interactions simultaneously.
Machine learning classification of diagnostic accuracy in pathologists interpreting breast biopsies
Authors: Brunyé Tad T , Booth Kelsey , Hendel Dalit , Kerr Kathleen F , Shucard Hannah , Weaver Donald L , Elmore Joann G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study explores the feasibility of using machine learning to predict accurate versus inaccurate diagnoses made by pathologists based on their spatiotemporal viewing behavior when evaluating digital breast biopsy images.

Materials and Methods
The study gathered data from 140 pathologists of varying experience levels who each reviewed a set of 14 digital whole slide images of breast biopsy tissue. Pathologists’ viewing behavior, including zooming and panning actions, was recorded during image evaluation. A total of 30 features were extracted from the viewing behavior data, and 4 machine learning algorithms were used to build classifiers for predicting diagnostic accuracy.

Results
The Random Forest classifier demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving a test accuracy of 0.81 and area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.86. Features related to attention distribution and focus on critical regions of interest were found to be important predictors of diagnostic accuracy. Further including case-level and pathologist-level information incrementally improved classifier performance.

Discussion
Results suggest that pathologists’ viewing behavior during digital image evaluation can be leveraged to predict diagnostic accuracy, affording automated feedback and decision support systems based on viewing behavior to aid in training and, ultimately, clinical practice. They also carry implications for basic research examining the interplay between perception, thought, and action in diagnostic decision-making.

Conclusion
The classifiers developed herein have potential applications in training and clinical settings to provide timely feedback and support to pathologists during diagnostic decision-making. Further research could explore the generalizability of these findings to other medical domains and varied levels of expertise.
Platinum ineligibility and survival outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving first-line treatment
Authors: Gupta Shilpa , Andreev-Drakhlin Alexander , Fajardo Otto , Fassò Marcella , Garcia Jorge A , Wee Christopher , Schröder Carsten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
This study examined real-world patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma considered ineligible for platinum-containing chemotherapy in the first-line setting.

Methods
This retrospective observational study used data from a nationwide (United States) de-identified patient-level electronic health record–derived database. Eligible adults (aged 18 years and older) had a locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma diagnosis on or after January 1, 2016, and initiated first-line systemic treatment at least 90 days before December 31, 2021. Platinum ineligibility was defined as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of at least 3, creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min, or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 and creatinine clearance of less than 45 mL/min. Overall survival and real-world progression-free survival (PFS) were summarized using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
The overall population comprised 4270 patients; 477 (11%) were considered platinum ineligible, 262 (55%) received a first-line programmed cell death 1 or programmed cell death ligand 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, and 118 (25%) received platinum-based chemotherapy. A total of 2335 (55%) patients were platinum eligible; 677 (29%) received a first-line programmed cell death 1 or programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor, and 1229 (53%) received platinum-based chemotherapy. Median overall survival was 13.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.4 to 14.8 months) in platinum-eligible and 5.1 months (95% CI = 4.2 to 6.4 months) in platinum-ineligible patients. Median PFS was shorter in platinum-ineligible (3.4 months; 95% CI = 2.9 to 4.0 months) vs platinum-eligible patients (5.9 months; 95% CI = 5.5 to 6.2 months) overall and when stratified by first-line therapy type.

Conclusion
This real-world study has shown for the first time the treatment patterns and outcomes in newly diagnosed patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy. These findings provide quantitative benchmarks for platinum ineligibility in the first-line advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma setting and highlight the need for novel therapy options.