bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Foxa transcription factors in the developing and adult murine prostate
Authors: Mirosevich Janni , Gao Nan , Matusik Robert J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe Foxa family (a1, a2, and a3) of proteins are transcription factors that are central to endodermal development. Recently, Foxa1 has been shown to regulate the transcription of several murine and human prostate specific genes involved in differentiated function by interacting with DNA promoter sequences and androgen receptors. Currently, the developmental expression pattern of Foxa proteins in the murine prostate is unknown.MethodsMale CD‐1 mice (embryonic, prepubertal, pubertal, and adult) were used for immunohistochemical analysis of Foxa1, a2, and a3. Immunofluorescence was also performed for androgen receptor and cytokeratin 14 expression. Prostate tissue from pre‐pubertal, pubertal, and adult mice were analyzed by Western blot and RT‐PCR analysis for Foxa1, a2, and a3 expression.ResultsStrong Foxa1 immunoreactivity was observed in epithelial cells throughout prostate development, growth, and adult differentiation. Prominent Foxa2 protein expression was only observed in the early stages of prostate development and was exclusively localized to epithelial cells of the forming buds. RT‐PCR analysis identified low Foxa2 mRNA expression levels in the ventral and dorsolateral lobes of the adult prostate, with Foxa2 epithelial cell expression being localized to periurethral regions of the murine adult prostatic complex. Foxa3 expression was not observed in the murine prostate.ConclusionsFoxa proteins represent epithelial cell markers in the murine prostate gland. The early expression of Foxa1 and a2 proteins in prostate formation suggests that these proteins play an important role in normal prostate development, in addition to differentiated secretory function. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors differentially mediate apoptosis in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Frønsdal Katrine , Saatcioglu Fahri 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown significant anti‐proliferative and apoptotic properties on various cancer cells, including prostate cancer, and are therefore being evaluated as treatment modalities. However, the specific effect of HDAC inhibitors on androgen‐sensitive and androgen‐independent cell lines have not been thoroughly studied which we hypothesized could be different. We therefore assessed whether three structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA), depsipeptide (FR901228), and sodium butyrate, affect cell death in the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU‐145, and PC‐3.MethodsTo investigate the extent and the nature of cell death, we used Trypan blue exclusion assay, phase‐contrast light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and Western blot analyses.ResultsAt concentrations where they potentiate transcriptional activation, all three HDAC inhibitors induced cell death in LNCaP and DU‐145 cells, but not in PC‐3 cells, within the timeline of the experiments. HDAC inhibitor‐induced cell death in LNCaP and DU‐145 cells showed several characteristic apoptotic features, such as cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and poly(ADP) ribose polymerase cleavage. However, there were differences in the way LNCaP and DU‐145 cells responded to treatment with various HDAC inhibitors. For example, whereas TSA and FR901228 were more effective in inducing apoptosis in LNCaP cells compared with DU‐145 cells, the reverse was true for sodium butyrate. Moreover, within the same cell line, TSA, FR901228, and sodium butyrate exhibited different potencies for induction of apoptosis.ConclusionsCollectively, these results suggest that the response of prostate cancer cells to HDAC inhibitors is not uniform, but cell line and inhibitor specific. Given that prostate cancer is generally a multiclonal disease representing different cell lineages, it is important to develop HDAC inhibitors that will be effective against all of these cell types. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constitutive activation of gp130 leads to neuroendocrine differentiation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Palmer Jodie , Ernst Matthias , Hammacher Annet , Hertzog Paul J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate tumors has been correlated with androgen independent disease and increased risk of death. In vitro, IL‐6 initiates NE differentiation utilizing the signal transduction initiated by the interaction with IL‐6R alpha and gp130. In this study we analysed the NE differentiation process in vitro and in vivo using the LNCaP androgen dependent cell line via ligand independent induction of NE differentiation.MethodsLNCaP cells were transfected with a constitutively active gp130 subunit, gp130act. Cell proliferation rate was determined and clones were examined for neuroendocrine differentiation by morphological change, upregulation of CgA and serotonin and formation of dense core vesicles with LNCaP parental cells as the control. Xenograft formation was examined and compared in immunocompromised mice.ResultsGp130act expression promoted significant neuroendocrine differentiation in vitro as determined by a NE like morphology change (increased neurite like extension formation), elevated CgA expression and the formation of dense core vesicles (DCV). These measures concurred with those examined in LNCaP cells following 100 ng/ml IL‐6 treatment. Further investigation of the LNCaP gp130act cells in vivo, in immunocompromised androgen intact mice, confirmed that the NE like morphology, as determined by histological and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, was maintained.ConclusionsNE differentiation was initiated by the expression of gp130act in a ligand independent manner, highlighting the importance of gp130 in the neuroendocrine differentiation process. Further investigation of upregulated/downregulated gene expression in these cells may provide valuable insight into the NE differentiation process. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of heterozygosity in chromosomal region 16q24.3 associated with progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Härkönen Päivi , Kyllönen Atte P. , Nordling Stig , Vihko Pirkko 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of prostate cancer have remained poorly understood. To find out potential genetic markers likely to underlie tumor progression, the pattern of allelic loss on chromosome arm 16q in matched primary, locally recurrent, and metastatic prostate cancer specimens was analyzed in the present study.MethodsThe frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 74 tumor specimens (62 primary cancer foci and 12 metastatic tumors) collected from 33 prostate cancer patients was determined by fragment analysis using 17 polymorphic microsatellite markers.ResultsThe overall frequency of patients showing allelic loss at one or more loci on 16q was 68% (21/31) in primary tumors and 90% (28/31) in recurrent tumors. Of the individual markers, D16S520, locating in region 16q24.3, exhibited a statistically significant development of LOH during disease recurrence (P < 0.01). Regarding distant metastases, instead, there seemed to be no allelic loss events exclusively typical of metastatic tumors at 16q.ConclusionsThe data suggest the location of gene(s) related to prostate cancer progression at 16q24.3. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the zones of the human prostate with the seminal vesicle: Morphology, immunohistochemistry, and cell kinetics
Authors: Laczkó István , Hudson David L. , Freeman Alex , Feneley Mark R. , Masters John R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe prostate contains three glandular zones (central, peripheral, transition) with widely differing susceptibilities to cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Most of the prostate is derived from urogenital sinus, but the central zone may be derived from Wolffian duct, in common with the seminal vesicles (SV). The peripheral zone is the most frequent site of cancer and the transition zone is the almost exclusive site of BPH.MethodWe compared the histology and immunohistochemistry of the SV with those of the prostate zones in order to identify differences associated with susceptibility to disease or different embryological origins. Sections from the prostates of nine organ donors (aged 15–36) were stained for tissue‐specific markers, antigens previously shown to stain differentially between the zones and markers of cell proliferation and cell death.ResultsNeuroendocrine cells were absent from the SV and significantly fewer neuroendocrine cells were seen in the central zone compared to the peripheral zone. Most of the SV epithelium stained for lactoferrin, compared to approximately one‐third of central zone and only 2% of peripheral zone epithelial cells. The proliferative index of the central zone was approximately 50% lower and the incidence of apoptotic cells approximately half that of the peripheral and transition zones.ConclusionsThe central zone has features in common with both the SV and the other zones of the prostate. The higher incidence of proliferative diseases in the transition and peripheral zones may be associated with the higher rate of cell turnover observed in these zones. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giant magnetic moment dynamics in Pd
Authors: Tovar Costa M. V. , de Castro Barbosa A. C. , Costa A. T. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe investigate the magnetic behavior of one substitutional Fe impurity on a Pd host, near the surface and in the bulk. We employ an itinerant electron picture and an underlying realistic electronic structure including the five d bands and the sp electrons. The ferromagnetic ground state is obtained by treating the on‐site Coulomb repulsion self‐consistently in mean field approximation. We obtain the spectrum of magnetic excitations by calculating the transverse dynamic susceptibility in the Random Phase Approximation. Our results reproduce qualitatively the strong polarization observed in such systems. We show that the magnetic excitations of the cluster formed by the Fe impurity and the surrounding polarized Pd atoms are strongly damped. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Auger neutralization of He ions on Ag surfaces: surface type and azimuthal orientation dependence
Authors: Bandurin Yu. , Esaulov V. A. , Guillemot L. , Monreal R. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNeutralization of He+ ions in grazing incidence scattering on Ag(111) and Ag(110) surfaces is studied. These measurements reveal the existence of an order of magnitude difference in the probability of ion survival on Ag(110) and Ag(111). The effect of changing the direction of ion scattering along the surface azimuthal orientation is investigated. The experimental results are discussed in terms of survival from Auger neutralization, whose rates are derived theoretically. Molecular dynamics simulation of scattered ion trajectories are performed and the surviving ion fractions are then calculated using the theoretical Auger neutralization rates, without adjustable parameters. The calculations agree quite well with the experimental data and show that the observed differences in the neutralization probabilities on these surfaces are related to different extensions of the electron density beyond the surface, resulting from different atomic packing. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐local versus local neutralization of slow He ions in surface scattering
Authors: Draxler M. , Beikler R. , Taglauer E. , Zeppenfeld P. , Bauer P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWhen an ion of kinetic energyEis scattered at a large angle from a surface atom, different types of charge exchange processes may occur: (i) capture of an electron by the ion on the incoming trajectory (Auger neutralization AN), (ii) capture or loss of an electron during the close encounter (collision induced neutralization CIN or reionization CIR). The relative importance of these processes depends on the ion‐target combination and the impact energy. In particular, collision‐induced processes need a close encounter and thus occur only above a certain threshold energyEth. This has consequences forP+, the yield of ions amongst all projectiles scattered into a fixed solid angle: as long asE<Eth,P+depends only on the vertical componentv⟂of the projectile's velocity due to the nonlocal character of Auger neutralization, while forE>Eththe scaling properties ofP+are more complex, since thenP+depends on both,v⟂andE, due to the contribution of local charge exchange processes. We present experimental results for the neutralization of slow He ions backscattered from a polycrystalline Cu surface and discuss the relative importance of local and nonlocal processes in the energy regime 1–7 keV. Usually, it is assumed that the projectiles are scattered by surface atoms in a single binary collision. In many cases, this assumption is a good approximation, but it is not completely valid: to some extent also double and multiple scattering processes contribute to the scattered intensity. We show that the ion yield is hardly affected by double scattering, due to the high neutralization probability in the high density electron gas at the surface. By means of Monte‐Carlo simulations we discuss how the presence of plural scattering influences the determination ofP+. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic studies of metal high‐k dielectrics: transition metal oxides and silicates, and complex rare earth/transition metal oxides
Authors: Lucovsky G. , Hong J. G. , Fulton C. C. , Zou Y. , Nemanich R. J. , Ade H. , Scholm D. G. , Freeouf J. L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper uses X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to the study of electronic structure of the transition metal oxides TiO2, ZrO2 and HfO2, Zr and Hf silicate alloys, and the complex oxides, GdScO3, DyScO3 and HfTiO4. Qualitative and quantitative differences are identified between dipole allowed intra‐atomic transitions from core p‐states to empty d*‐ and s*‐states, and inter‐atomic transitions from transition metal and oxide 1s states to O 2p* that are mixed with transition metal d*‐ and s*‐states for transition metal oxides and silicate alloys. The complex oxide studies have focused on the O K1 edge spectra. Differences between the spectral peak energies of the lowest d*‐features in the respective O K1 spectra are demonstrated to scale with optical band gap differences for TiO2, ZrO2 and HfO2, as well as the complex oxides providing important information relevant to applications of TM oxides as high‐k gate dielectrics in advanced Si devices. This is demonstrated through scaling relationships between (i) conduction band offset energies between Si and the respective dielectrics, and the optical band gaps, and (ii) the optical band gaps, the conduction band offset energies, and the electron tunneling masses as functions of the atomic d‐state energies of the transition metal atoms. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface chemistry effects on vacancy and interstitial annihilation on Si(001)
Authors: Kirichenko Taras A. , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Hwang Gyeong S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractUsing density functional theory slab calculations we have investigated the effect of surface passivation on vacancy and interstitial annihilation on the Si(001) surface. We find that interstitials and vacancies are both stabilized at the clean and H‐/Cl‐terminated surfaces, with an energy gain of about 2–3 eV relative to those at the fifth subsurface layer where the surface effect becomes insignificant. This suggests that the Si surface is an effective sink for vacancies and interstitials, irrespective of surface passivation. However, our calculations show that the stability of vacancies and interstitials within the topmost three subsurface layers is greatly influenced by surface passivation, due to (i) strong interaction with surface Si dangling orbitals and (ii) rearrangement of surface atoms in the clean surface case. The chemical effect of adsorbates itself appears to be unimportant in the defect surface annihilation. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Valence and conduction band offsets of a ZrO2/SiOxNy/n‐Si CMOS gate stack: A combined photoemission and inverse photoemission study
Authors: Sayan S. , Bartynski R. A. , Zhao X. , Gusev E. P. , Vanderbilt D. , Croft M. , Banaszak Holl M. , Garfunkel E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe densities of states above and below the Fermi energy for the ZrO2/SiOxNy/n‐Si system are examined by photoemission and inverse photoemission and compared with results from first principles calculations. The measured band gap of ZrO2 is 5.68 eV and the valence and conduction band offsets relative to silicon are 3.40 and 1.16 eV respectively. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystalline oxides on semiconductors: a future for the nanotransistor
Authors: Buongiorno Nardelli M. , Walker F. J. , McKee R. A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis issue's Editor's Choice [1] is a brief review on promises and advantages of crystalline oxides on semiconductors, especially the role of interfaces, for semiconductor technology.The cover picture shows at the top a Z‐contrast image of the Si:SrSi2:SrO interface, where on the left side the positions of the atoms are highlighted, and on the right side a theoretical simulation of the image is overlayed, using the theoretical equilibrium geometry of the interface as obtained from first principles (bottom, green: Si, blue: O, orange: Sr). Purple isosurfaces show the electron density of the Si–O bonding state, and the arrows give the direction of the microscopic dipoles at the interface.The first author Marco Buongiorno Nardelli is Professor at the Department of Physics of North Carolina State University, where he heads a research group focusing on the application of ab‐initio electronic structure calculation techniques for the study of important aspects of the physics of materials (ERMES).This paper is a presentation from the 5th Motorola Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics (MWCME 2003), held in Austin, Texas, 13–14 November 2003. The proceedings were guest‐edited, for the fourth time in this journal, by Alex Demkov (now Freescale Semiconductor).This issue of physica status solidi (b) also contains Original Papers presented at the XI Latin American Congress of Surface Science and Its Applications (XI CLACSA), Pucón, Chile, 7–12 December 2003. The Proceedings of this conference are to be continued in phys. stat. sol. (a) 201, No. 10 (2004) and in an online issue of phys. stat. sol. (c) 1, No. S1 (2004). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 241/10
Authors: Demkov Alex , Gilmer David , Liang Yong , Fonseca Leonardo , Liu Chun‐Li 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe following 15 papers were presented at the 5th Motorola Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics held 13–14 November 2003 in Austin, Texas, USA . Not every talk given at the workshop is represented with a paper in this selection; however, the reader should be able to come up with a general picture and the scope of the workshop.Traditionally, the Motorola Workshop on Computational Materials and Electronics has covered materials theory, nano‐device physics and semiconductor processing. The main focus of the 2003 Workshop was Alternative Gate Dielectrics for CMOS Technology. This year we again expanded the scope of the Workshop to include experiment, in addition to the computational materials, quantum transport, and molecular electronics. The participants came from fifteen US and one European university, four National Laboratories, International SEMATECH, and Motorola's Semiconductor and Corporate research organizations. The Workshop illustrates our continuing commitment to longer‐term research, and to the research community. We hope you will enjoy the reading.
Trimethylsilyl transfer during electron ionization mass spectral fragmentation of some ω‐hydroxycarboxylic and ω‐dicarboxylic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives and the effect of chain length
Authors: Rontani J.‐F. , Aubert C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe electron ionization (EI) mass spectral fragmentation of ω‐hydroxycarboxylic and ω‐dicarboxylic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives was investigated. The mass spectra of these compounds exhibited fragment ions resulting from classical fragmentation of the trimethylsilyl ether and ester groups, and others resulting from the interactions between the two functionalities (m/z 147, 204, 217, [M–31]+ and [M–105]+ in the case of ω‐hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives and m/z 147, 204, 217 and [M–131]+ in the case of ω‐dicarboxylic acid derivatives). Several fragmentation pathways were proposed to explain the formation of these different fragment ions. It is proposed that the ions at m/z 204 and 217 are formed via an initial trimethylsilyl transfer between the ether and the ester group or between the two ester groups. This transfer appeared to be more favoured in the case of ω‐dicarboxylic acid derivatives and to be dependent on the chain length. A more efficient transfer was in fact observed for compounds with a relatively long alkyl chain. In the case of shorter ω‐hydroxycarboxylic and ω‐dicarboxylic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives the formation of the ions at m/z 204 and 217 suffers strongly from competition from production of the ion at m/z 147. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry as a tool for fast identification of protein binders in color layers of paintings
Authors: Hynek Radovan , Kuckova Stepanka , Hradilova Janka , Kodicek Milan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIdentification of materials in color layers of paintings is necessary for correct decisions concerning restoration procedures as well as proving the authenticity of the painting. The proteins are usually important components of the painting layers. In this paper it has been demonstrated that matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) can be used for fast and reliable identification of proteins in color layers even in old, highly aged matrices. The digestion can be easily performed directly on silica wafers which are routinely used for infrared analysis. The amount of material necessary for such an analysis is extremely small. Peptide mass mapping using digestion with trypsin followed by MALDI‐TOFMS and identification of the protein was successfully used for determination of the binder from a painting of the 19th century. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MMPI‐2 assessed post‐traumatic stress disorder related to job stress, coping, and personality in police agencies
Authors: Haisch Deanne C. , Meyers Lawrence S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe PK and PS scales of the MMPI‐2 were developed to index the degree of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These scales were applied to a sample of 254 mostly male sworn and civilian law enforcement employees from four police agencies. Participants also completed surveys measuring their perceived levels of job stress, their use of a set of coping strategies, and their performance on measures of five global personality domains. The two PTSD scales appeared to have good internal structures and relatively high reliabilities. Employees at greater risk for PTSD reported higher levels of work‐related stress, seemed to use more maladaptive coping strategies, were more neurotic, and tended to be less extraverted, agreeable, and conscientious. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.