bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adversarial court system and the expert medical witness: ‘The truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth?’
Authors: Ryan Matthew 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis discussion aims to provide the occasional medical expert witness with background knowledge of the adversarial court system and the role of the medical expert witness within it. The parallel evolution of the adversarial and inquisitorial legal systems has been more out of tradition rather than any systematic review of the effectiveness of one system or the other. Both legal systems have their merits and limitations. Witnesses within the adversarial system are required to present evidence in a structured and highly stylized format consisting of ‘evidence in chief’ followed by ‘cross‐examination’. This format is an attempt to exclude unreliable evidence. The medical witness is an ‘expert’ by means of specialized knowledge not possessed by the general public. This distinction allows the expert medical witness to offer his or her opinion as evidence. There remain several limitations to the expert's evidence and these relate to common knowledge, field of expertise and the ‘ultimate issue’. The current practice of selection of expert medical witnesses is seriously flawed with several pressures operating to maximise bias and inaccurate testimony. Doctors should not only anticipate change in this area they should lead reform in this area.
The role of the information specialist in the systematic review process: a health information case study
Authors: Beverley C. A. , Booth A. , Bath P. A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThere is an increasing body of literature on the information specialist's role in supporting evidence‐based health care. In particular, the information component in systematic reviews has received considerable attention in recent years. Information professionals have evolved from simply acting as ‘evidence locators’ and ‘resource providers’ to being quality literature filterers, critical appraisers, educators, disseminators, and even change managers. This paper describes ten possible roles for information professionals in the systematic review process, using a case study of a review of the health information needs of visually impaired people carried out by the Centre for Health Information Management Research (CHIMR) at the University of Sheffield. This health information review was undertaken entirely by a team of information professionals. The ten roles identified are: project leader, project manager, literature searcher, reference manager, document supplier, critical appraiser, data extractor, data synthesiser, report writer and disseminator. This review has also identified an eleventh possible role for information professionals; that of primary researcher. Finally, the implications for evidence‐based health care and evidence‐based health informatics are discussed.
Embedding knowledge management in the NHS south‐west: pragmatic first steps for a practical concept
Authors: Plaice Caroline , Kitch Pam 
Published: May 2003

AbstractKnowledge management, like clinical governance, is a practical science. Clinical governance, with its emphasis on creating an environment where clinical quality is monitored and acted upon, is one of the foundation stones of the new National Health Service (NHS). Both knowledge management and clinical governance need to share the same criteria in order to operate. Using these two pragmatic concepts and the premise of a practical approach, this article seeks to identify the drivers for knowledge management in the NHS, highlight national initiatives and focus on the steps libraries in the south‐west of England have taken to make knowledge management a reality. In so doing, the central role of the library and information service has been reinforced and embedded and librarians have been recognized for their real worth to their organizations.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) for mapping, diversity studies and clone identification
Authors: James C. M. , Wilson F. , Hadonou A. M. , Tobutt K. R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis study reports the development and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite primer pairs in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca). The primers were designed from a genomic library enriched for di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide repeats from F. vesca‘Reugen’. They showed single locus polymorphism in a set of nine F. vesca accessions; two to six alleles were detected per locus. The level of polymorphism in F. vesca was surprisingly low, although three pairs of primers were sufficient to distinguish between most accessions.
Microsatellite DNA loci from the Diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)
Authors: Hauswaldt J. Susanne , Glenn Travis C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe describe polymerase chain recation (PCR) primers and conditions to amplify one dinucleotide and five tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the Diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). The PCR primers were tested on 21 terrapins from Cape Romain, SC, USA. The microsatellite primers developed yielded a high number of alleles (8–14) and high observed heterozygosities (0.57–1.0).
Microsatellite markers for Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae), an endangered tree species of the Amazon forest
Authors: Brondani R. P. V. , Gaiotto F. A. , Missiaggia A. A. , Kirst M. , Gribel R. , Grattapaglia D. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFrom a genomic library enriched for AG/TC repeats, eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for Ceiba pentandra, a pan‐tropical forest tree. Polymorphism was evaluated using a panel of 74 adult trees. Using automated fluorescence detection, a total of 112 alleles was detected with an average of 14 alleles per locus. All microsatellite loci showed very high levels of genetic information content, with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.814 to 0.895. These microsatellite markers represent a powerful tool to investigate refined questions of mating systems, gene flow, family structure and population dynamics in natural populations of C. pentandra.
Isolation and cross‐species amplification of microsatellite loci from the fucoid seaweedsFucus vesiculosus,F. serratusandAscophyllum nodosum(Heterokontophyta, Fucaceae)
Authors: Engel C. R. , Brawley S. H. , Edwards K. J. , Serrão E. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe Fucaceae is a family of brown seaweeds that dominate and frequently co‐occur on North Atlantic rocky shores. We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the fucoid seaweedsFucus vesiculosus,F. serratusandAscophyllum nodosumusing a combined, enriched library. Six of these loci were polymorphic in at least two species, showing from two to eight alleles with heterozygosities ranging from 0.41 to 0.85. Loci were also tested onF. spiralis, revealing five polymorphic microsatellite loci in this species.
Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata var. domestica)
Authors: Yodogawa Y. , Nishiumi I. , Saito D. , Okanoya K. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractEight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from the Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata var. domestica). In analyses of 25 individuals, the number of alleles ranged from two to four, and observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.05 and 0.73. At four loci, the observed heterozygosity of the Bengalese finches was significantly different from the expected heterozygosity. Primer sets were also tested in Javan munia (Lonchura leucogastroides), and the same eight loci were successfully amplified. In analyses of 20 unrelated individuals, the number of alleles ranged from one to seven, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.56. In Javan munia, the observed heterozygosity differed significantly from the expected heterozygosity in only one locus.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in European alpine marmots (Marmota marmota)
Authors: Da Silva A. , Luikart G. , Allainé D. , Gautier P. , Taberlet P. , Pompanon F. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFor future investigations of the mating system of a highly social mammal (Marmota marmota), we identified 16 new microsatellites using an enrichment protocol. Five loci were revealed to be polymorphic. The polymorphism was rather low (two to six alleles among 24 individuals). However, these markers, added to the other six published microsatellites for M. marmota and Spermophilus citellus, will help to assess dispersal patterns and test for genetic monogamy in alpine marmots from the European Alps.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Tsagkarakou A. , Roditakis N. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMicrosatellite‐enriched genomic libraries were obtained from the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) using a magnetic/biotin capture of repetitive sequences. Ten dinucleotide markers were successfully isolated and characterized from these libraries. Variability was assessed in six populations of B. tabaci collected from different localities of the island of Crete, Greece. The number of alleles per locus in approximately 105 individuals screened across populations ranged from two to 13. Averaged observed heterozygosity over the six populations ranged from 0.001 to 0.58.
Di‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the Alpine newt (Triturus alpestris): characterization and cross‐priming in five congeners
Authors: Garner Trenton W. J. , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Hoeck Paquita , Van Buskirk Josh 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe developed a set of di‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the Alpine newt, Triturus alpestris. Polymorphism as detected in 39 individuals ranged from 3 to 32 alleles at a locus. Cross‐priming with samples of five other Triturus species showed extremely poor levels of cross‐species utility. Still, these markers are suitable for studies of inter‐ and intrapopulation genetic diversity in the focal species.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in the freshwater fish, the bitterling Rhodeus sericeus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Dawson Deborah A. , Burland Tamsin M. , Douglas Alex , Le Comber Steve C. , Bradshaw Matthew 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe isolated 30 microsatellites from the freshwater fish, the bitterling Rhodeus sericeus. Twenty‐three microsatellite sequences possessed sufficient flanking DNA from which to design primers. Twelve loci were characterized and all were found to be polymorphic. These loci were isolated and characterized as part of a project to investigate the consequences of male alternative mating tactics and sperm competition using the bitterling as a model species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the Japanese conger eel Conger myriaster
Authors: Kimura Y. , Ishikawa S. , Nishida M. , Tsukamoto K. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractFive polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed in the Japanese conger eel (Conger myriaster) to understand the recruitment mechanisms and population structure of this species, the spawning sites and migration routes of which are unknown. Three of the loci were highly polymorphic and will serve as powerful tools for detailed population studies of the Japanese conger eel. One of the other two loci showed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the other showed low allelic diversity.
An inexpensive and high‐throughput procedure to extract and purify total genomic DNA for population studies
Authors: Elphinstone M. S. , Hinten G. N. , Anderson M. J. , Nock C. J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe describe here a procedure for the purification of high molecular weight genomic DNA that combines the economies of ‘do‐it‐yourself’, single‐tube protocols with the sample throughput and DNA quality of microplate‐based DNA extraction and purification kits from commercial suppliers. The procedure allows the preparation of genomic DNA of a quality suitable for polymerase chain reaction‐based studies of large populations at around one‐tenth of the cost of commercially available kits. Furthermore, 96 samples can be purified from crude tissue digests in around 30 min and are produced in microtitre plate format to allow efficient downstream processing of samples.
Isolation of new microsatellite markers and application in four species of mouse lemurs (Microcebus sp.)
Authors: Hapke A. , Eberle M. , Zischler H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe report the development of 13 new microsatellite markers for mouse lemurs (Microcebus sp.). Two markers were isolated from the fat tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) and 11 from the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). A total of 561 individuals from four different species of mouse lemurs was genotyped with the newly developed markers. All markers showed Mendelian inheritance in 21 families of mouse lemurs. All markers show polymorphism in several species of mouse lemurs and seven amplified in C. medius. Among these new markers are the first 10 published for M. berthae and the first 11 for M. griseorufus.
Isolation and characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci in communally breeding Guira cuckoos (Aves: Cuculidae)
Authors: Muniz L. S. B. , Macedo R. H. F. , Graves J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractGuira cuckoos (Guira guira) are communal nesting birds endemic to South America that show high levels of conflict between members of the group over the contribution to the clutch. Adults eject eggs and even nestlings from the communal nest, sometimes leading to the loss of the entire brood. We developed seven polymorphic microsatellites for Guira cuckoos using an enrichment protocol. The number of alleles ranged from 5 to 14 (mean 9.86) and the heterozygosity ranged from 0.41 to 0.89 for the eight to 88 individuals screened. These loci will allow parentage assignments and population analysis in this species.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Indian rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis
Authors: Zschokke S. , Gautschi B. , Baur B. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractEleven novel polymorphic microsatellite loci are presented for the highly endangered Indian (or greater one horned) rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis (Mammalia: Rhinocerotidae). These will be used to analyse the genetic variability within and between the two remaining large populations of the Indian rhinoceros and to manage captive breeding.
A set of microsatellite primers for the striped possum, Dactylopsila trivirgata (Petauridae: Marsupialia)
Authors: Hansen B. D. , French J. , Handasyde K. A. , Kendal T. A. , Taylor A. C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe New Guinean endemic dactylopsilines are members of the Petauridae possum family, represented in Australia only by the striped possum Dactylopsila trivirgata. The shy nature and low density of this species have hampered studies of its ecology to date, so we developed nine highly variable polymorphic microsatellite markers to enable molecular genetic analysis of population structure and mating system parameters. This will add substantially to our understanding of the behavioural ecology of this species. The low degree of cross‐amplification of the primers in other petaurid species lends weight to other evidence suggesting that this family underwent a relatively early radiation.
Isolation and characterization of 23 microsatellite loci in the hen flea Ceratophyllus gallinae
Authors: Binz Thomas , Bonfils Danielle , Balloux François , Richner Heinz 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNineteen dinucleotide, two trinucleotide and two tetranucleotide microsatellite loci developed for the hen flea Ceratophyllus gallinae are presented. Twenty fleas were screened at each locus. Loci were polymorphic (three to nine alleles per locus). These markers will provide a system to study population segregation and diversity, gene flow, dispersal and inbreeding.
Polymorphic microsatellites identified in an endangered dasyurid marsupial, the dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis)
Authors: Mills H. R. , Spencer P. B. S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractDibblers are carnivorous marsupials that were considered extinct for over 60 years. They now persist in small, highly fragmented populations. In this work we describe the characterization of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci that are being used to investigate population parameters. For 22 individuals, from the mainland population, these markers had allelic diversities from three to 11 (alleles per locus) and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.53 to 0.89. Primers were also tested on a number of closely related dasyurids and in other marsupials, suggesting that their usefulness in population studies may go beyond investigations of the dibbler.
Polymorphic microsatellites for the study of fragmented populations of Pitcairnia geyskesii L. B. Smith (Bromeliaceae), a specific saxicolous species of inselbergs in French Guiana
Authors: Sarthou C. , Boisselier‐Dubayle M. C. , Lambourdière J. , Samadi S. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract Pitcairnia geyskesii is a saxicolous bromeliad endemic to the granitic inselbergs of French Guiana and Surinam. Seven polymorphic microsatellite markers were characterized to investigate the polymorphism among individuals sampled on five inselbergs in French Guiana. The total number of alleles per locus varied from four to 14. Mean observed heterozygosities at each microsatellite locus ranged from 0.114 to 0.629. This set of microsatellites offers an efficient tool for more detailed investigations on the genetic structure of fragmented populations living on such a singular and insular habitat within tropical rainforest.
Isolation and characterization of 18 microsatellites in the Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and their application in other waterfowl species
Authors: Maak S. , Wimmers K. , Weigend S. , Neumann K. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe have isolated and characterized 18 microsatellite loci in the Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos). The average number of alleles per locus was 3.5, ranging from one to six in domestic Peking ducks (n = 40). All of the markers were polymorphic in a sample of five mallards (A. platyrhynchos; two to eight alleles). Seventeen of the 18 markers amplified in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) with 11 being polymorphic in our sample (n = 14). Amplification of the markers in different species comprising the subfamilies Anatinae and Anserinae indicates their potential value for population genetic applications in a wide range of waterfowl species.
Characterization of 79 microsatellite DNA markers in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Li Gang , Hubert Sophie , Bucklin Katherine , Ribes Vanessa , Hedgecock Dennis 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe characterized 79 microsatellite DNA markers, which were obtained from genomic libraries enriched for CA, GA, ATG and TAGA motif repeats, in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. For eight F1 grandparents or great‐grandparents of mapping families, the average heterozygosity, 0.705, and average number of alleles per locus, 5.7, did not vary among motif‐repeat or motif‐complexity categories. Non‐amplifying polymerase chain reaction null alleles, which were confirmed by segregation in the mapping families, were detected at 41 (51.9%) of the 79 loci. Cross‐species amplifications from C. angulata, C. sikamea, C. ariakensis and C. virginica showed a precipitous decline with distance from the focal species C. gigas.
mlgsim: a program for detecting clones using a simulation approach
Authors: Stenberg P. , Lundmark M. , Saura A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSexual and asexual forms of plants and animals often coexist in the same population. In such cases, the assessment of genotypic identity among individuals is vital for valid biological interpretation of population and evolutionary processes. Several methods are used for identifying clones based on genetical marker data. The only method that detects which multilocus genotypes are likely to be clones has limitations in statistical power. We present a program (mlgsim) that, using a simulation approach, calculates significance values for the likelihood that a multilocus genotype observed more than once in a population is the result of sexual reproduction.
Identification and characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for a member of the Herpestidae (Mungos mungo)
Authors: Waldick R. C. , Johnson P. , Pemberton J. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn most cooperative breeders, reproductive skew is high. However, in the banded mongoose, Mungos mungo, multiple females reproduce concurrently within a social group, indicating that skew is relatively low in this species. In order to evaluate the degree of reproductive skew in the banded mongoose, we identified 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for parentage analysis. Markers were found to have low levels of variability in this cooperative breeder, and several loci were found to be polymorphic in another member of the Herpestidae, the slender‐tailed meerkat (Suricata suricatta). For the banded mongoose, this suite of polymorphic loci provides a paternity exclusion of over 90%.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)
Authors: Buck E. J. , Hadonou M. , James C. J. , Blakesley D. , Russell K. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from Castanea sativa (Mill.). Six contained dinucleotide repeats, six contained trinucleotide repeats, and one contained a compound microsatellite of a trinucleotide and a tetranucleotide repeat. The loci were characterized using C. sativa trees from three populations in the UK and the parents and six seedlings from a Turkish mapping population. The number of alleles revealed varied from two to 14 (mean = 5.15) per loci. Eight loci were found to be useful in the mapping family.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Asparagus acutifolius (Liliaceae)
Authors: Aceto S. , Sica M. , Gamba G. , Montieri S. , Farina A. , Gaudio L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe isolation of molecular markers in Asparagus acutifolius, a wild edible plant species, is important to characterize local ecotypes that could be cultivated and preserved. We isolated and characterized polymorphic microsatellite loci from A. acutifolius by constructing and screening an enriched DNA library. Primer pairs were designed for 12 loci. Seven primer pairs worked well during amplification reactions and were tested on a wild population from Pontecagnano (SA), Italy. These loci showed a high level of genetic variability, with the numbers of alleles identified ranging from two to five and observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.20 to 0.73.
Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the African Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana africana)
Authors: Archie E. A. , Moss C. J. , Alberts S. C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMost African elephant (Loxodonta africana africana) populations are isolated and thus threatened by a loss of genetic diversity. As a consequence, genetic analysis of African elephant populations will play an increasing role in their conservation, and microsatellite loci will be an important tool in these analyses. Previously published sets of polymorphic microsatellites developed for African elephants are all dinucleotide repeats, which are prone to typing error. Here, we characterize 11 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the African elephant. All loci were polymorphic in 32 faecal samples and two tissue samples from 33 individual African savannah elephants.
Microsatellites from the world's heaviest bony fish, the giant Mola mola
Authors: Todd Streelman J. , Puchulutegui C. , Bass A. L. , Thys T. , Dewar H. , Karl S. A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe report the isolation and characterization of CAn microsatellite loci from the Mola mola genome using a variation of the hybrid capture method. Five loci exhibit high levels of heterozygocity and two show significant sequence similarity to genes from the closely related Fugu rubripes. These microsatellite markers should be useful in multidisciplinary efforts to understand population characteristics of the giant ocean sunfish.