bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules in CT
Images Based on Multitask Learning
Authors: Song Guanghui , Dai Qi , Nie Yan , Chen Genlang 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Artificial intelligence-based aided diagnostic systems for pulmonary nodules can be divided into subtasks such as nodule detection, segmentation,
and benign and malignant differentiation. Most current studies are limited to single-target tasks. However, aided diagnosis aims to distinguish
benign from malignant pulmonary nodules, which requires the fusion of multiple-scale features and comprehensive discrimination based on the
results of multiple learning tasks.

Objective::
This study focuses on the aspects of model design, network structure, and constraints and proposes a novel model that integrates the learning tasks
of pulmonary nodule detection, segmentation, and classification under weakly supervised conditions.

Methods::
The main innovations include the following three aspects: (1) a two-dimensional sequence detection model based on a ConvLSTM (Convolutional
Long Short-Term Memory) network and U-shaped structure network is proposed to obtain the context space features of image slices fully; (2) a
differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules based on multitask learning is proposed, which uses the annotated data of
different types of tasks to mine the potential common features among tasks; and (3) an optimization strategy incorporating prior knowledge of
computed tomography images and dynamic weight adjustment of multiple tasks is proposed to ensure that each task can efficiently complete
training and learning.

Results::
Experiments on the LIDC-IDRI and LUNA16 datasets showed that our proposed method achieved a final competition performance metric score of
87.80% for nodule detection and a Dice similarity coefficient score of 83.95% for pulmonary nodule segmentation.

Conclusion::
The cross-validation results of the LIDC-IDRI and LUNA16 datasets show that our model achieved 87.80% of the final competition performance
metric score for nodule detection and 83.95% of the DSC score for pulmonary nodule segmentation, representing the optimal result for that dataset.
NaProGraph: Network Analyzer for Interactions between Nucleic Acids
and Proteins
Authors: Nematzadeh Sajjad , Aydin Nizamettin , Kurt Zeyneb , Torkamanian-Afshar Mahsa 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Interactions of RNA and DNA with proteins are crucial for elucidating intracellular
processes in living organisms, diagnosing disorders, designing aptamer drugs, and other applications.
Therefore, investigating the relationships between these macromolecules is essential to life
science research.

Methods:
This study proposes an online network provider tool (NaProGraph) that offers an intuitive
and user-friendly interface for studying interactions between nucleic acids (NA) and proteins. NaPro-
Graph utilizes a comprehensive and curated dataset encompassing nearly all interacting macromolecules
in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank (PDB).

Results:
Researchers can employ this online tool to focus on a specific portion of the PDB, investigate
its associated relationships, and visualize and extract pertinent information. This tool provides insights
into the frequency of atoms and residues between proteins and nucleic acids (NAs) and the similarity
of the macromolecules' primary structures.

Conclusion:
Furthermore, the functional similarity of proteins can be inferred using protein families
and clans from Pfam.
Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes in Routine Cancer Clinical Care Using Electronic Administration and Telehealth Technologies: Realist Synthesis of Potential Mechanisms for Improving Health Outcomes
Authors: Govindaraj Ramkumar , Agar Meera , Currow David , Luckett Tim 
Published: October 2023

Background
The routine measurement of patient-reported outcomes in cancer clinical care using electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) is gaining momentum worldwide. However, a deep understanding of the mechanisms underpinning ePROM interventions that could inform their optimal design to improve health outcomes is needed.

Objective
This study aims to identify the implicit mechanisms that underpin the effectiveness of ePROM interventions and develop program theories about how and when ePROM interventions improve health outcomes.

Methods
A realist synthesis of the literature about ePROM interventions in cancer clinical care was performed. A conceptual framework of ePROM interventions was constructed to define the scope of the review and frame the initial program theories. Literature searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL, supplemented by citation tracking, were performed to identify relevant literature to develop, refine, and test program theories. Quality appraisal of relevant studies was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
Overall, 61 studies were included in the realist synthesis: 15 (25%) mixed methods studies, 9 (15%) qualitative studies, 13 (21%) descriptive studies, 21 (34%) randomized controlled trials, and 3 (5%) quasi-experimental studies. In total, 3 initial program theories were developed regarding the salient components of ePROM interventions—remote self-reporting, real-time feedback to clinicians, and clinician-patient telecommunication. The refined theories posit that remote self-reporting enables patients to recognize and report symptoms accurately and empowers them to communicate these to clinicians, real-time feedback prompts clinicians to manage symptoms proactively, and clinician-patient telephone interactions and e-interactions between clinic encounters improve symptom management by reshaping how clinicians and patients communicate. However, the intervention may not achieve the intended benefit if ePROMs become a reminder to patients of their illness and are not meaningful to them and when real-time feedback to clinicians lacks relevance and increases the workload.

Conclusions
The key to improving health outcomes through ePROM interventions is enabling better symptom reporting and communication through remote symptom self-reporting, promoting proactive management of symptoms through real-time clinician feedback, and facilitating clinician-patient interactions. Patient engagement with self-reporting and clinician engagement in responding to feedback are vital and may reinforce each other in improving outcomes. Effective ePROM interventions might fundamentally alter how clinicians and patients interact between clinic encounters.
Flexural Strength of Conventional or Bulk-fill Resin Composite Repaired with High- or Low-viscosity Restorative Materials
Authors: Foscarini AV , Barros LS , Turssi CP , França FMG , Basting RT , Vieira WF 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
To evaluate the flexural strength of two types of high-viscosity resin composites (conventional or bulk-fill) that were repaired with either high-viscosity composites (conventional or bulk-fill) or low-viscosity composites (conventional or bulk-fill) of the same manufacturer (3M Oral Care, St Paul, MN, USA).

Methods and Materials
Specimens (25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) of both conventional nanofilled resin (Filtek Z350XT), and bulk-fill nanofilled resin (Filtek One Bulk Fill) were prepared. After fracture of the specimens in the 3-point bending test (initial), half of the specimens were repaired immediately afterwards (24 hours), and the other half were repaired after 6 months of storage in distilled water. Repairs were performed with (n=15) high-viscosity resin composites (Filtek Z350XT, Filtek One Bulk Fill), or their low-viscosity versions (Filtek Supreme XT Flow, Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative). The repair was performed by roughening the surface and applying phosphoric acid, silane, and adhesive. The bending test (results reported in MPa) was performed in a universal testing machine, and the fracture pattern was determined. Data were evaluated by generalized linear models, chi-square test and the Fisher exact test (α=0.05).

Results
There was no significant difference between the former pair of high-viscosity resins in terms of initial flexural strength (p=0.42). The repairs performed with low-viscosity resin composites after 24 hours or 6 months obtained higher MPa values compared with those using high-viscosity composites (p=0.0006). There was a significant decrease in MPa values when the repair was performed after 24 hours and an increase after 6 months, regardless of the material (p&lt;0.0001). After 6 months, fractures involving the old (conventional) resin were more frequent in the repair performed with bulk-fill resin composites compared with the conventional composites (p=0.02).

Conclusions
Considering the tested products, the material to be repaired did not influence the flexural strength of the repair composite; however, the use of the low-viscosity resin composites resulted in greater flexural strength of the repaired material. The repair of the aged composite resulted in an increase in its flexural strength, regardless of the material repaired or used to perform the repair.
Influence of Mono- and Multiwave Light-curing Units on the Microhardness and Degree of Conversion of Light-cured Resin Cements
Authors: Zancopé K , Borges GCS , Ribeiro MTH , Miranda RR , Peres TS , Soares CJ 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY

Objectives
This study evaluated the Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2) and degree of conversion (DC, %) on the margins of light-cured resin cements with different photoinitiators using a single light-curing unit (LCU) with two heads (mono- and multiwave).

Methods and Materials
Three types of resin cements were used with different photoinitiators: Megalink Esthetic (Odontomega, São Paulo, Brazil) with a camphorquinone photoinitiator; Allcem Veneer (FGM, Joinville, Brazil) with the Advanced Polymerization system (APS), and Variolink Esthetic LC (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Thirty samples were collected and divided into six groups (n=5 each). The resin cement samples were made into the shape of a maxillary right central incisor and photoactivated under a 0.5-mm-thick ceramic sheet. A single LCU (Radii Xpert, SDI) with two heads (mono- and multiwave) was used. The tip of the LCU was positioned at the center of the sample in a standardized manner. Raman spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the DC, and KH was evaluated through the Knoop microhardness test. Five regions were evaluated: cervical, mesial, buccal (center), distal, and incisal.

Results
There was a significant difference in the DC only for the type of cement (p&lt;0.001), indicating that the cement with the APS photoinitiator presented excellent results. There were significant differences in the type of cement (p&lt;0.001), type of light (p&lt;0.001), region (p&lt;0.001), and the interaction between the type of cement and type of light (p&lt;0.001). The resin cement with the APS photoinitiator cured with monowave light showed the highest KH values. The beam profiles of all groups, with and without the interposition of ceramic and resin cement, were examined by light transmission.

Conclusions
The cement with the APS photoinitiator presented the best results with respect to the DC and KH. In comparison with mono- and multiwaves, the LCU may not be a determining factor for the properties of light-cured resin cements. The buccal region showed the best results for DC and KH, indicating the need for a greater amount of light-curing at the cementation margins.
Efficiency of Various Poultry Vaccination Methods in Industrial Poultry Farming
Authors: Zelenkova G. A. , Ustyantsev D. A. , Pakhomova A. A. , Zelenkov A. P. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Due to the growth of poultry stocking density in the allotted area in conditions of the industrial poultry farming, the issue of ensuring the epizootic welfare through vaccine-prophylaxis proves to be relevant. Another important aspect of poultry farming is reducing production costs, which could be achieved, among other things, through implementation of the cost-efficient methods of vaccination. A manual mode of spray vaccination method, which is currently used at the poultry farms, has a disadvantage because the dose of vaccine received by different birds may be unequal. However, under modern conditions, in order to increase the labour productivity and efficiency, the efforts are made to get the poultry vaccination process automated. The vaccination frame spray machines used in the industrial poultry farming have not been studied or evaluated before in a comparative aspect. Thus, the purpose of this research is to compare two methods of spray vaccination in chickens at the operating poultry farm with regard to the biological efficiency and economic profitability.Materials and Methods. The objects of the study were the young Brown Nick crossbreed chickens (n=46 heads). Vaccination was carried out in the young poultry at the age of 42-days. During the research, the dried live Newcastle disease and avian infectious bronchitis vaccines were used. To control the quality of vaccination, the amount of antibodies was estimated in the blood serum of poultry aged 56, 70 and 95 days old by ELISA method with TICAN equipment. Two groups of poultry were studied. In group 1 the “DESVAK” hand sprayer was used (“DESVAK” KIT– 2 model, produced by Ceva Santé Animale), in group 2 the automated frame spray machine was used (“SIMBIO ITERIS” model, produced by SIMBIO).Results. As a result of studies, in group 2 the higher intensity of immunity was obtained, showing on average the following figures: 56 days – antibody titre was 29 % higher (p≤0.05); 70 days – antibody titre was 18 % higher (p≤0.005); 95 days – antibody titre was 15 % higher (p≤0.05) compared to group 1. Economic efficiency was calculated based on the indicators of labour costs and labour intensity of the vaccination process: when using a frame spray machine, the costs turned out to be 2.3 times lower (1,131.4 person-rubbles) than with the DESVAK sprayer (2,590.4 person-rubbles). Additionally, the labour intensity of the vaccination process per head decreased by 5 times. In group 1 it was 0.0015 person-hour/head, in group 2 – 0.0003 person-hour/head.Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the spray vaccination method by means of the frame spray machine (the automated mode) is more efficient according to both biological and economic indicators compared to the manual mode. Taking into account all of the above, the frame spray machines could be recommended to the veterinary specialists for carrying out vaccine prophylaxis at the poultry farms by the spray method.
Feline Coronavirus Infection: Genomics and Epizootology
Authors: Tkacheva E. V. , Vakulenko M. Yu. , Popov I. V. , Ermakov A. M. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The issue of coronavirus infection prevalence in cats is still acute. Particular danger of infecting the animals lies in possible mutations of the virus, the asymptomatic course of the disease, high prevalence of the virus carriage in cats and development of the viral peritonitis in some of the specimens often causing the death of animals. The aim of this work is to study the relation between the keeping conditions and the coronavirus infection prevalence in cat populations in different countries, as well as the possibility of the viral peritonitis development in this species of animal.Materials and Methods. The analysis of the Russian and foreign sources published before March 2023 was carried out. Based on the research made by the scientists from the Netherlands, Korea, Germany, Taiwan, Australia, Sweden, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Turkey, the relation between the cat keeping conditions and the coronavirus infection prevalence in their populations was studied and the brief characteristics of the disease was given.Results. Based on the analysis of the several epizootological study results, it was concluded that the rate of companion cats infection with the coronavirus reached 80 %, and one of the highest rates was recorded in Germany: 76.5 % (Confidence Interval (CI) 95 %: 69.8 %; 82.2 %) and 84 % (CI 95 %: 73.3 %; 94.9 %), respectively. Coronavirus infection prevalence in cats kept in groups, as well as in stray cats was significantly higher than in animals kept in isolation.Discussion and Conclusions. Studying the FCoV prevalence in various cat populations revealed its direct dependence from the keeping conditions. The need to control and limit the number of animals that are kept together, as well as to comply with all the keeping and quarantine standards, is shown, and could become the way for the cat owners to suppress the infectious disease agents transmission.
Modern Approaches to Treatment of Alopecia X in Dogs: Review of Research
Authors: Kochetkova A. Yu. , Fomina A. S. , Gots D. N. , Derezina T. N. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction.Noninflammatory alopecia is a disorder of canine appearance, which brings aesthetic discomfort to dog owners. Among foreign studies there are only few publications on implementing the drugs of the humane medicine for treatment of this disorder. The publications in the national literature present the descriptions of the individual clinical cases. The reviews of research containing the analysis and summary of the canine noninflammatory alopecia treatment methods are unavailable in the scientific literature. Therefore, this work aims at providing a comparative analysis of the canine noninflammatory alopecia treatment methods (based on the literature sources analysis).Materials and Methods.Searching by subject area was conducted in the eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, Crossref and Google Scholar databases for materials published from 2000 to 2023 by the following keywords: dog AND alopecia, dog*AND alopecia X, dog*AND “name of the drug”. The selected materials were structured, 111 publications were analysed, 69 of which were included in the present review.Results.The studies on the use of humane medicine methods and drugs for treatment of alopecia X in dogs were analysed. The information was systemized into thematic blocks depending on the physiological causes of alopecia X and the drugs used. The main methods and approaches to be investigated were the use of melatonin, mitotane, trilostane, minoxidil, hormonal drugs, microneedling and microtrauma techniques.Discussion and Conclusion.Currently, the unified protocol for treatment of alopecia X in dogs is not developed in the veterinary medicine. Upon analysis of the treatment methods described in the literature, microneedling, oral administration of melatonin and trilostane, along with the use of subcutaneous implants of deslorelin acetate have been identified as the optimal ones, combining high efficiency with minor side effects. The use of mitotane, minoxidil and osaterone acetate causes the serious side effects, that prevents them from being the future-oriented methods.
Helminth Fauna of Bats in the Rostov Region: Review. 1. Nematoda
Authors: Evsyukov A. P. , Tsygankova M. G. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Bats (Chiroptera) are the least studied group of mammals in many regions of Russia. At the same time, the chiropterans are known to be one of the largest orders of Mammalia, which can act as hosts and carriers of various pathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. However, the parasitic fauna of this group of animals is poorly investigated. The study of bat-parasitizing worms has great practical importance, since bats, due to their ancient origin, are a very detached order. Endoparasites, including the chiropteran helminths, have not been previously studied in the Rostov region. According to the available data, the up-to-date research on the bat parasites in Russia has been carried out only in the Saratov region and in the Republic of Mordovia. The aim of this series of articles is to study the helminth species composition parasitizing in chiropterans in the Rostov region. In the first report we present the data on nematodes.Materials and Methods. The materials for the research were the articles from the open access literature databases: PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Cyberleninka (cyberleninka.ru), GoogleScholar (https://scholar.google.com ), etc. The main method used was the analysis of the collected data.Results. The authors were the first to reveal that 27 nematode species from 14 genera, 8 families, 4 orders and 2 classes can be found in 15 bat species living in the Rostov region. The numerous Chromadorea class is represented by 21 species, 12 of which are found in Russia.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the literature sources analysis showed that the largest number of nematode species parasitize in two chiropteran species living in the Rostov region: in the Daubenton's bat (15 species) and in the common noctule (14 species). Only one species has been recorded in the northern bat. Most nematode species parasitize specifically in bats and have a direct life cycle. (e.g., species of the genus Molinostrongylus). For some species, such as Pterygodermatites bovieri and Litomosa spp., the intermediate hosts are arthropods and the definitive hosts are various bat species. For three nematode species: Ascarops strongylina, Physocephalus sexalatus and Spirocerca lupi, bats are the paratenic hosts.
Trauma to Tyranny: Autobiographical Narrative as Empathetic Design
Authors: Panaita Elena 
Published: October 2023

This paper considers a new form of graphic novel that combines the potentials of print and Virtual Reality [VR] storytelling. The novel ‘Upgraded Gods’, now in its final year of development, uses an autobiographical narrative to consider the nature and impact of malignant and collective narcissism in contemporary Russian society. The thesis asks, ‘How might one employ physical and virtual modes of storytelling to enhance empathetic experience in a narrative that considers the nature and impact of malignant narcissism?’ Goldner-Vukov & Moore (2010) identify malignant narcissism as a severe personality disorder that has “devastating consequences for the family and society” (p. 392), while traumatic childhood experiences are considered foundational to the development of malignant narcissism. Covington (2018) suggests that leaders can only enact a narcissistic abuse of power when they receive the support from a traumatised society that searches for “a charismatic leader who will promise to restore power and status to the group” (p. 255). Employing an autoethnographic methodology activated by heuristic inquiry, the study develops an immersive narrative that follows a protagonist through her childhood in the USSR, through the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, into her exile and subsequent analysis of contemporary Russian politics and society. The significance of the research lies in its employment of creative practice to contribute embodied experience to wider theoretical discourses that consider the dynamics of power abuse through social and political aggression. Specifically, the study also examines the manner in which traumatic experiences may affect individuals' wellbeing, and shape social institutions and economics, contributing to the rise of far-right, nationalist, and fundamentalist movements. In the realm of graphic novel design, such analyses may be identified in a emerging trajectory of autobiographical literary works such as "Persepolis" by Marjane Satrapi, "Gast" by Carol Swain, and “Commute” by Erin Williams.