bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Subtypes in Children and Adolescents After Ileal Pouch‐Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kaditis Athanasios G. , Perrault Jean , Sandborn William J. , Landers Carol J. , Zinsmeister Alan R. , Targan Stephan R. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies occur frequently in adult patients with chronic pouchitis after colectomy and ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in children and adolescents who undergo colectomy and ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis.Methods:Five groups of children and adolescents (age, <20 years) were studied, with the following histories: acute pouchitis and history of ulcerative colitis; chronic pouchitis and history of ulcerative colitis; pouchitis with Crohn's disease features and a history of ulcerative colitis; no pouchitis and a history of ulcerative colitis; and familial adenomatous polyposis, with or without pouchitis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody levels and titers were detected in postoperative sera by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and positive results were subtyped by indirect immunofluorescence.Results:The frequency of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in patients with a history of ulcerative colitis were 67% and 15%, compared with a 0% presence in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the frequency of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and ulcerative colitis patient subgroups (patients with and without pouchitis, 66% and 75%). Similarly, there was no significant correlation between the frequency of cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies among ulcerative colitis patient subgroups (patients with and without pouchitis, 19% and 8%). The frequency of cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in patients with Crohn's disease features (50%), was increased, but this difference was not significant.Conclusions:There is a high frequency of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in children and adolescents who undergo ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis, whether or not they have pouchitis. The frequency of cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is lower in this patient population. Additional studies will be required to determine whether the presence of cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is associated with the postoperative development of features of Crohn's disease.
Helicobacter pylori Infection, Gastric Acid Secretion, and Infant Growth
Authors: Dale Anne , Thomas Julian E. , Darboe Momadoe K. , Coward W. Andrew , Harding Marilyn , Weaver Lawrence T. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Helicobacter pylori infection is very common in Gambian infants and children, who are also at risk of chronic diarrhoea and undernutrition. Acute H. pylori infection is associated with depressed gastric acid secretion, and loss of the gastric acid barrier may predispose to enteric infections.Methods:In a prospective study a noninvasive test of gastric acid output(measurement of change in urine acid output before and after a feed) was performed on a population of Gambian infants at high risk of H. pylori infection. The 13C urea breath tests was used to measure the prevalence of H. pylori infection and growth was measured by serial anthropometry.Results:In 101 infants aged 3 to 12 months, there was a significant relation between H. pylori infection and depressed urine acid output in those aged 6 months, during weaning when growth failure and malnutrition begin. Those infants with sustained H. pylori infection grew less well than those without.Conclusions:We speculate that H. pylori, acquired in infancy, could be a“key that opens the door” to enteric infection in childhood, leading to recurrent diarrhoea, malnutrition, and growth failure.
Regulation of Lactase and Sucrase‐Isomaltase Gene Expression in the Duodenum During Childhood
Authors: Van Beers Erik H. , Rings Edmond H. H. M. , Taminiau Jan A. J. M. , Heymans Hugo S. A. , Einerhand Alexandra W. C. , Dekker Jan , Büller Hans A. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:In children, lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase are essential intestinal glycohydrolases, and insufficiency of either enzyme causes diarrhea and malnutrition. Little is known about the regulation of lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase expression in the duodenum during childhood. In this study, the mechanisms of regulation of duodenal expression of both enzymes were examined in a study population with ages ranging from 1 to 18 years.Methods:Duodenal biopsy specimens from 60 white children were used to analyze tissue morphology and to quantify lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase mRNA and protein.Results:Among healthy subjects, high interindividual variability was noted in both mRNA and protein levels for lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase. Lactase mRNA level per subject did not correlate with sucrase‐isomaltase mRNA level and thus appeared independent. Both lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase protein levels correlated significantly with their respective mRNA levels. For each enzyme, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the degree of villus atrophy and mRNA levels. Aging from 1 to 18 years did not result in significant changes in mRNA or protein levels of either enzyme. Immunostaining patterns within the duodenal epithelium for lactase differed from sucrase‐isomaltase in adjacent sections, illustrating independent regulation at the cellular level.Conclusions:In the duodenum of white children, lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase seem primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. The expression of each enzyme in the intestinal epithelium is regulated by an independent mechanism. Lactase and sucrase‐isomaltase exhibit stable mRNA and protein levels in healthy children as they grow to adulthood. Mucosal damage affected levels of both enzymes negatively.
Pulmonary Function Correlates in the Prediction of Long‐Term Weight Gain in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Gastrostomy Tube Feedings
Authors: Walker Sarah A. , Gozal David 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Gastrostomy tube feedings have a positive effect on nutritional status and are currently recommended for cystic fibrosis patients who fall below 85% ideal weight for height. However, the impact of pulmonary function at the time of gastrostomy tube placement on long‐term nutritional status has not been ascertained.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated whether nutrition status and/or pulmonary function at gastrostomy tube placement surgery were predictive of subsequent long‐term (⩾2 yrs) weight velocity. We identified 21 cystic fibrosis patients (12 male), ages 5‐18 years at gastrostomy tube insertion. Patients were divideed into two groups according to their weight gain response after 2 years on gastrostomy tube feeding. Responders were defined as having a positive change in weight/age z‐score (ΔWAZpost) at 2 years follow‐up compared to the 2 year period preceding gastrostomy tube insertion(ΔWAZpre). Nonresponders were defined as having a negative WAZpost.Results:Responders had significantly better FEV1 at surgery (61 ± 26 [SE] vs. 24 ± 3 %pred.; p < 0.05). In responders,ΔWAZpre was ‐0.37 ± 0.08 and was ‐0.46 ± 0.07 in nonresponders (p‐NS). In contrast, ΔWAZpost was 0.92± 0.11 in responders and ‐0.40 ± 0.07 in nonresponders(p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant correlation between weight/age z‐score change and pulmonary function was found when FEV1<40% predicted (r = 0.88;p < 0.004) whereas no significant correlation was present when FEV1 ⩾40% predicted.Conclusions:We conclude that the long‐term nutritional benefit of gastrostomy tube placement is critically dependent on pre‐surgical pulmonary function. Our findings suggest that gastrostomy tube insertion in malnourished cystic fibrosis patients should be considered an early intervention rather than one of last resort.
Are Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in Celiac Mucosa Responsible for Inducing Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis) in Enterocytes? Histochemical Demonstration of Perforins in Cytoplasmic Granules of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Authors: Shiner Margot , Eran Maya , Freier Serem , Faber Joseph , Branski David 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Programmed cell death refers to the genetically determined processes by which cells die in response to physiologic extracellular and intracellular signals, morphologically described as apoptosis. In physiologic and pathologic circumstances this process may involve effector and target cells.Methods:To identify serine esterase granules in intraepithelial lymphocytes, fresh‐frozen human small intestine mucosal sections from normal and celiac‐affected mucosa were incubated with substrate‐specific N‐α‐benzyloxy‐carbonyl‐L‐lysine thiobenzyl (BLT) and a chromogen (4 Benzoylamino‐2,5‐diethoxybenzene‐dazonium chloride hemi [zinc chloride] salt as capture agent and were examined by light microscopy.Results:Normal mucosa showed an occasional intraepithelial lymphocyte with BLT‐positive intracytoplasmic granules. Some large mononuclear cells of the lamina propria were similarly stained. Many more intraepithelial lymphocytes were BLT‐positive among the surface enterocytes of untreated celiac mucosa. Lamina propria mononuclear cells close to the basal layer of crypt cells also appeared to be increased.Conclusions:The histochemical identification of BLT‐positive esters within intraepithelial lymphocytes suggests their involvement in enterocyte death under physiologic conditions. The increased BLT‐positive intraepithelial lymphocytes found in the celiac mucosa may be related to the known increase in cytotoxic intraepithelial lymphocytes in untreated celiac disease.
One‐Week Treatment with Omeprazole, Clarithromycin, and Metronidazole in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Casswall Thomas H. , Alfvén Gösta , Drapinski Miroslaw , Bergström Mats , Dahlström Karl Anders 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:The efficacy of a 1‐week “triple therapy” in children with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and recurrent abdominal pain was studied. The effect of treatment was also studied in correlation to recurrent abdominal pain.Methods:Thirty‐two children with recurrent abdominal pain were investigated with H. pylori serology, 13C‐urea breath test, and endoscopy. Gastric biopsy specimens were analyzed with a rapid urease test and histopathology. H. pylori‐positive children were treated with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for 7 days. The same treatment was repeated for 2 weeks if a urea breath test produced positive results 1 month after the treatment period. If the test results were still positive after treatment, a second endoscopy was performed with culture.Results:Twenty‐eight (87.5%) children were urea breath test‐negative at follow‐up 4 weeks (range, 4‐5) after treatment. Another child became H. pylori‐negative after a second treatment course. Two of the three children who were still positive after the two treatment periods, showed resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin.Conclusions:One‐week therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole is an effective treatment in children with H. pylori infection. Bacterial resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole must be monitored if treatment fails.
High Absorption of Fortification Iron From Current Infant Formulas
Authors: Hertrampf Eva , Olivares Manuel , Pizarro Fernando , Walter Tomas 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Estimations of iron absorption from infant formulas are based on 20‐year‐old data. Data about iron bioavailability from currently used infant formulas are scarce, considering that during the last decades, formulas have had modifications that could affect iron absorption.Methods:Bioavailability of isotopically labeled iron (55Fe and 59Fe) from several infant formulas administered to contraceptive‐using women between the ages of 30 to 50 years was measured. Six infant formulas and one follow‐on formula were compared with a powdered, whole cow's milk, and the results were normalized to an absorption of 40% from a reference dose of iron.Results:Iron bioavailability from the infant formulas was consistently higher (19%), contrasting with the low value (4%) of the unmodified cow's milk (p<0.0001). Iron absorption of the follow‐on formula was intermediate (13%). Formulas with 8 mg/l iron and one with 7 mg/l supply approximately 1 mg of absorbed iron, assuming a consumption of 750 ml/day of formula. This amount covers the iron needs of most infants during their period of greatest vulnerability. Formulas containing 12 mg/l iron would allow the absorption of approximately twice the infant iron requirements.Conclusions:Current infant formulas have a high iron bioavailability, which is an appealing argument for lowering the level of iron fortification in these products.
Treatment interruption in hypertensive patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An interrupted time series analysis using prescription data in Okayama, Japan
Authors: Nakamura Naoko , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Matsumoto Naomi , Hayase Shunsaku , Yorifuji Takashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted healthcare behaviors, leading to fewer pediatric visits in Japan and potentially fewer visits by adult patients. However, existing Japanese studies on treatment interruptions have generally relied on questionnaire‐based methods. In this study, we assessed the impact of the pandemic on antihypertensive treatment interruption using real‐world prescription data.MethodsWe conducted an interrupted time series analysis using the National Health Insurance Database in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Participants included individuals aged 40–69 years with at least one antihypertensive prescription between 2018 and 2020. Treatment interruption was defined as a 3‐month or longer gap in prescriptions after medication depletion. We used segmented Poisson regression with models unadjusted and adjusted for seasonality and over‐dispersion to assess monthly treatment interruptions before and after Japan's April 2020 emergency.ResultsDuring the study period, 23.0% of 55,431 participants experienced treatment interruptions. Cyclical fluctuations in interruptions were observed. The crude analysis indicated a 1.2‐fold increase in treatment interruptions following the pandemic; however, the adjusted models showed no significant changes. Even among higher‐risk groups, such as women, younger adults, and those with shorter prescriptions, no significant alterations were observed.ConclusionWe found no significant impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on antihypertensive treatment interruption in Okayama Prefecture. The less severe outbreak in the area or increased use of telemedicine and extended prescriptions may have contributed to treatment continuity. Further research is needed using a more stable and comprehensive database, broader regional data, and detailed prescription records to validate and extend our findings.
The relationship between psychopathy facets and types of criminal offences
Authors: McCarthy Alora , Fox Bryanna , Verona Edelyn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL‐R) is a widely used measurement of psychopathy comprising interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial facets representing narrow‐band characteristics associated with the construct. However, there is little research on whether the distinct facets of psychopathy show specialised relationships with different types of criminal offences. The PCL‐R was administered to 138 adults incarcerated at a county jail. Arrests were coded into broad categories (i.e., crimes against persons, property or society), as well as for specific offence types (e.g. burglary, assault) using US crime definitions. Zero‐order correlations and zero‐inflated regression models showed significant relationships between: the lifestyle facet and property and societal crimes, mainly drug offences; the affective facet and crimes against persons; and the antisocial facet with all three major crime categories, as well as burglary, motor vehicle theft, robbery and assault. Overall, these results indicate that the PCL‐R facets offer unique information about specific forms of criminal behaviour.
Synthetization and Functionalization of Natural, Polymer, and Quantum‐Based Carbon Nanodots and Their Application in Biomedicine
Authors: Aseri Vinay , Kumari Poonam , Nagar Varad , Godara Vanisha , Kumar Verma Rohit , Awasthi Garima , Awasthi Kumud Kant , Sankhla Mahipal Singh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon nanodots (CNDs) are a developing branch of nanomaterials and nanoscience. This has generated much more interest in the field and class of biomedicine science by way of unique particular properties, such as high stability, great photoluminescence, easy green synthesis, and simple surface modification. Numerous applications, such as bioimaging, biosensing, and treatment, have made use of CNDs. This review describes the most recent developments in CND research and talks about major changes in the understanding of CNDs and their prospects as biomedical tools. The importance of this work lies in the ability of CNDs to overcome many of the limitations associated with traditional materials used in biomedicine, such as toxicity, poor biocompatibility, and limited functionality. Furthermore, the use of CNDs as drug carriers, imaging agents, and sensors has shown great potential in improving the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The novelty of this work lies in the diversity of approaches used in the synthesis and functionalization of CNDs, and the unique properties of CNDs that make them versatile tools for biomedicine. In particular, the ability to tune the size, shape, and surface chemistry of CNDs allows for the creation of tailored materials with specific biomedical applications. The review also discusses the challenges and future prospects of CNDs in biomedicine, including the need for standardization and optimization of CND synthesis, functionalization, and characterization protocols.
PredictingS. aureusantimicrobial resistance with interpretable genomic space maps
Authors: Pikalyova Karina , Orlov Alexey , Horvath Dragos , Marcou Gilles , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIncreasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a global healthcare threat. To decrease the spread of AMR and associated mortality, methods for rapid selection of optimal antibiotic treatment are urgently needed. Machine learning (ML) models based on genomic data to predict resistant phenotypes can serve as a fast screening tool prior to phenotypic testing. Nonetheless, many existing ML methods lack interpretability. Therefore, we present a methodology for visualization of sequence space and AMR prediction based on the non‐linear dimensionality reduction method – generative topographic mapping (GTM). This approach, applied to AMR data of >5000S. aureusisolates retrieved from the PATRIC database, yielded GTM models with reasonable accuracy for all drugs (balanced accuracy values ≥0.75). The Generative Topographic Maps (GTMs) represent data in the form of illustrative maps of the genomic space and allow for antibiotic‐wise comparison of resistant phenotypes. The maps were also found to be useful for the analysis of genetic determinants responsible for drug resistance. Overall, the GTM‐based methodology is a useful tool for both the illustrative exploration of the genomic sequence space and AMR prediction.
A shift‐splitting Jacobi‐gradient iterative algorithm for solving the matrix equation A𝒱−𝒱‾B=C
Authors: Bayoumi Ahmed M. E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo improve the convergence of the gradient iterative (GI) algorithm and the Jacobi‐gradient iterative (JGI) algorithm [Bayoumi, Appl Math Inf Sci, 2021], a shift‐splitting Jacobi‐gradient iterative (SSJGI) algorithm for solving the matrix equation is presented in this paper, which is based on the splitting of the coefficient matrices. The proposed algorithm converges to the exact solution for any initial value with some conditions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the SSJGI algorithm and to compare it to the GI algorithm and the JGI algorithm [Bayoumi, Appl Math Inf Sci, 2021], numerical examples are provided.
Electrostatic shielding effects and binding energy shifts and topological phases of bilayer molybdenum chalcogenides
Authors: Tan Yaorui , Bo Maolin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBy combining binding energy and bond‐charge (BBC) model and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electrostatic shielding effects and binding energy shifts of bilayer MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 are studied. In this study, the bilayer MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 had bandgaps of 1.38, 1.28, and 1.01 eV, respectively. It is found that electrostatic shielding by electron exchange is the main cause of density fluctuation and determine the bonding state. We found that the edge polarization exactly vanishes after the bulk phase transition, just as we saw the corner‐localized modes disappear in a system with full open boundaries of bilayer MoTe2. Finally, this study establishes a method for calculating the lattice density with Green's function with energy level shift and provides new methods and ideas for the further study of the electrostatic shielding, bond states and topological phases of nanomaterials.
Concise Approach towards Tetramic Acid Derivatives via Ugi Reaction/Dieckmann Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Guranova Natalia , Bakulina Olga , Kantin Grigory , Dar'in Dmitry 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTetramic acids exhibit intriguing biological activity and are particularly attractive scaffolds for drug design. In this paper, we present a convenient approach based on the Dieckmann cyclization of Ugi adducts of malonic monoesters to afford a series of medically important polysubstituted tetramic acid derivatives. This simple and versatile method tolerates various substituents in both the amine, aldehyde and isocyanide moieties allowing the use of α‐substituted malonic acid monoesters. Examples of further functionalization of the free methylene group in the synthesized compounds have been presented.
Synthesis of Spiro[imidazole‐4,3′‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolin]‐ 5‐ones via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Quinolinium Ylides with Arylydeneimidazol‐4‐ones
Authors: Molchanova Marina V. , Ikonnikova Viktoria A. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Solyev Pavel N. , Baranov Mikhail S. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDesign of spirocyclic scaffolds, which are able for direct interaction with biological targets, is a developing trend in medicinal chemistry. In continuation of the previous work on HIV‐1 inhibitors, a synthetic approach towards spiro[imidazole‐4,3′‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolin]‐5‐ones via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of quinolinium ylides with arylydeneimidazol‐4‐ones was outlined. Derivatives with various substitution pattern were prepared in 42–86 % yields. Use of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as a solvent is crucial for successful preparation of the derivatives, its role is sought as prolonging lifetime of the cycloadducts.