bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The assessment of potential geotechnical hazards associated with mountain permafrost in a warming global climate
Authors: Harris Charles , Davies Michael C. R. , Etzelmüller Bernd 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEuropean mountain permafrost is generally only a few degrees below zero Celsius, and may therefore be highly sensitive to climate change. Permafrost degradation may lead to thaw settlement and reduction in the stability of mountain slopes. Engineering projects within the high mountain zone require careful investigations of potential permafrost‐related hazards. This paper summarizes a staged approach to such investigations. Phase 1 involves walkover site survey supported by a desk study to define potential permafrost hazard zones. Data from permafrost distribution maps, topographic and geological maps are integrated, preferably using GIS methodology. If permafrost is possible and is judged to pose a significant threat to the development, phase 2 investigations are recommended whereby field thermal measurements, drilling of exploratory boreholes, and geophysical surveys are undertaken to clarify permafrost characteristics. The resulting data set should form an important component in subsequent engineering design. On a larger scale, a similar approach should be adopted as part of land‐use planning within the mountain permafrost zone. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.RÉSUMÉGénéralement, le pergélisol européen de montagne est seulement quelques degrés en dessous du zéro Celsius et est, de ce fait, très sensible aux changements climatiques. La dégradation du pergélisol peut entraîner des affaissements du sol au dégel et une réduction de la stabilité des pentes de montagne. Des projets d'ingénierie dans la haute montagne exigent donc des recherches soigneuses concernant les risques potentiels liés à l'existence du pergélisol. Le présent article résume une approche en différentes étapes d'une telle recherche. La phase 1 consiste en un examen attentif du terrain, travail suivi par une étude en laboratoire afin de définir les zones potentielles où existerait un pergélisol dangereux. Des données provenant de cartes de la distribution du pergélisol ainsi que de cartes topographiques et géologiques doivent être intégrées en utilisant si possible un système d'information géographique. Si un pergélisol est possible et paraît constituer une menace, une deuxième phase de recherches est recommandée. Elle comprendra des mesures de température sur le terrain, la réalisation de forages d'exploration et des levés géophysiques pour définir les caractéristiques du pergélisol. Les données recueillies constitueront une partie importante du projet d'ingénierie. A une échelle plus grande, une approche semblable devrait être adoptée dans toute étude visant à modifier l'affectation de terrains dans la zone du pergélisol de montagne. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for improving transition to adult cystic fibrosis care, based on patient and parent views*
Authors: Boyle Michael P. , Farukhi Zareen , Nosky Michelle L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough general principles guiding the transition of individuals with chronic illness from pediatric to adult care have been established, guidelines specific for the transition of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) have not. To aid in the development of CF‐specific transition guidelines, an anonymous pretransition questionnaire and posttransition interview were used to assess the concerns and expectations of 60 CF patients and their parents as they went through the transition from pediatric to adult care. Along with demographic and clinical information, respondents were asked to rate on a scale of 1–5 their general attitude toward, or level of concern on 22 questions involving transition concerns, adult program expectations, and general view of transition.The two most important concerns identified by patients prior to transition to adult care were potential exposure to infection (3.4 ± 1.3) and having to leave their previous caregivers (3.4 ± 1.0). Introduction to the adult CF team prior to transition was associated with significantly lower levels of concern in all areas, particularly about having to leave previous caregivers (3.9 ± 0.7 vs. 2.5 ± 0.6, P < 0.004). Age, gender, severity of lung disease, and age at diagnosis were not predictive of level of concern for any area. Parents' most significant concern was ability of their child to care for their CF independently, a concern their children did not share (4.0 ± 1.1 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5, P < 0.0001). As their most important expectations for the adult program, patients identified ready phone access to a nurse (4.9 ± 0.6) and education about adult CF issues (4.6 ± 0.7). The overall attitude toward the development of an adult CF program was overwhelmingly positive for both patients (4.9 ± 0.7) and parents (4.9 ± 0.3).By allowing patients to interact with the adult team prior to transition and developing transition protocols which address CF‐specific issues like infection control and fertility, successful transition from pediatric to adult cystic fibrosis care can be accomplished. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:428–436. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of codon 72 polymorphism of p53 with lower prostate cancer risk
Authors: Henner Wm. David , Evans Adam J. , Hough Kristi M. , Harris Emily L. , Lowe Bruce A. , Beer Tomasz M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundA common germline polymorphism of p53 produces a protein with an Arg to Pro change at codon 72. This Pro variant has altered biochemical properties suggesting altered cancer susceptibility.MethodsA case control study with 115 men with prostate cancer and 181 community control male subjects was conducted. Demographics, family history of cancer, and blood were obtained. Codon 72 genotypes were determined using PCR.ResultsThe Pro/Pro genotype was associated with a markedly lower risk of prostate cancer (OR = 0.23, CI = 0.07–0.79, P = 0.012). Similar reduction in risk was observed when the analysis was limited to Caucasian subjects (86% of total). Reduction in risk remained significant in a logistic regression model after correcting for age and family history of prostate cancer (OR = 0.14, CI = 0.03–0.71, P = 0.017).ConclusionsMen with the p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro genotype appear to be at reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate 49:263–266, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting the disulfide bonding state of cysteines using protein descriptors
Authors: Mucchielli‐Giorgi M.H. , Hazout S. , Tufféry P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKnowledge of the disulfide bonding state of the cysteines of proteins is of major interest in designing numerous molecular biology experiments, or in predicting their three‐dimensional structure. Previous methods using the information gained from aligned sets of sequences have reached up to 82% of success in predicting the oxidation state of cysteines. In the present study, we assess the relative efficiency of different descriptors in predicting the cysteine disulfide bonding states. Our results suggest that the information on the residues flanking the cysteines is less informative about the disulfide bonding state than about the amino acid content of the whole protein. Using a combination of logistic functions learned with subsets of proteins homogeneous in terms of their amino acid content, we propose a simple prediction approach, starting from a single sequence, that reaches success rates close to 84%. This score can be improved by avoiding predictions regarding cysteines for which the decision is not well marked. For example, we obtain a score close to 87% correct prediction when we exclude predicting 10% of the cysteines. Proteins 2002;46:243–249. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New insights into the mechanism of protein–protein association
Authors: Selzer Tzvia , Schreiber Gideon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAssociation of a protein complex follows a two‐step mechanism, with the first step being the formation of an encounter complex that evolves into the final complex. Here, we analyze recent experimental data of the association of TEM1‐β‐lactamase with BLIP using theoretical calculations and simulation. We show that the calculated Debye–Hückel energy of interaction for a pair of proteins during association resembles an energy funnel, with the final complex at the minima. All attraction is lost at inter‐protein distances of 20 Å, or rotation angles of >60° from the orientation of the final complex. For faster‐associating protein complexes, the energy funnel deepens and its volume increases. Mutations with the largest impact on association (hotspots for association) have the largest effect on the size and depth of the energy funnel. Analyzing existing evidence, we suggest that the transition state along the association pathway is the formation of the final complex from the encounter complex. Consequently, pairs of proteins forming an encounter complex will tend to dissociate more readily than to evolve into the final complex. Increasing directional diffusion by increasing favorable electrostatic attraction results in a faster forming and slower dissociating encounter complex. The possible applicability of electrostatic calculations for protein–protein docking is discussed. Proteins 2001;45:190–198. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seed treatment with β‐aminobutyric acid protects Pennisetum glaucum systemically from Sclerospora graminicola
Authors: Shailasree S , Sarosh B R , Vasanthi N S , Shetty H S 
Published: August 2002

Abstractβ‐Aminobutyric acid (BABA) treatment of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br] seeds influenced seedling vigour and protected the seedlings from downy mildew disease caused by the oomycetous biotropic fungus Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc) Schroet. Of the different concentrations of BABA tested, viz 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM, seeds treated with 50 mM for 6 h resulted in the maximum of 1428 seedling vigour and showed 23% disease incidence in comparison with the control which recorded a seedling vigour of 1260 and 98% disease incidence ie 75% protection from disease. Seeds treated with BABA when challenged for downy mildew disease using zoospores of S graminicola required 48 h after inducer treatment to develop maximum resistance. Durability of induced resistance was also tested in plants raised from seeds treated with the inducer and identified as resistant, by second challenge inoculation with the downy mildew pathogen at tillers and inflorescence axes. Reduced disease incidence of only 10 and 12% in these plants, compared with 71 and 76% disease in control plants inoculated at the tillers and inflorescence axes, respectively, suggested that resistance induced in seeds with BABA remained operative through vegetative and reproductive growth of pearl millet plants. Induction of resistance by seed treatment with BABA enhanced vegetative growth, viz height, fresh weight, leaf area and tillering, and reproductive growth, viz early flowering, number of productive ear heads and 1000 seed weight. Studies on induction of resistance in different cultivars of pearl millet with varying resistance reaction to downy mildew indicated that the protection offered by BABA is independent of the nature of cultivars used and not dependent on their constitutive resistance.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Control of post‐harvest decay of apples by pre‐harvest and post‐harvest application of ammonium molybdate
Authors: Nunes Carla , Usall Josep , Teixidó Neus , Eribe Xavier Ochoa de , Viñas Immaculada 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAmmonium molybdate was tested as a potential fungicide for use in apples (cv Golden Delicious) against blue and grey mould, important post‐harvest diseases of pome fruits. In tests in vivo at 20 °C, ammonium molybdate (15 mM) reduced lesion diameters of Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer by 84%, 88% and 100% respectively. When apples treated with ammonium molybdate were stored at 1 °C for three months, a significant reduction in severity and incidence of P expansum and B cinerea was observed in both years of study (1998 and 1999). In the second year of the experiment the reduction in disease severity was greater than 88% for both pathogens, and the level of control was similar to, or greater than, that observed with the fungicide imazalil. When ammonium molybdate was applied as a pre‐harvest treatment, a significant reduction in blue mould decay was observed after three months in cold storage. In vitro, ammonium molybdate greatly inhibited spore germination of P expansum and B cinerea, although better inhibition was obtained against grey mould. Ammonium dimolybdate, sodium molybdate and potassium molybdate were also tested in vitro in comparison with ammonium molybdate as inhibitors of spore germination, but only ammonium molybdate inhibited spore germination by more than 50%.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Mode of action of acibenzolar‐S‐methyl against sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn
Authors: Rohilla Rashmi , Singh U S , Singh R L 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mode of action of acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (BTH) was investigated against sheath blight of rice and its pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. BTH exhibited limited fungitoxicity against R solani, in the form of reduced mycelial growth, hyphal browning and sclerotia formation. Parasite fitness of mycelia and sclerotia formed on BTH‐amended media was also reduced. When applied as soil drench or foliar spray, BTH inhibited both disease development on inoculated sheaths and its spread to the younger sheaths. The degree of protection against sheath blight increased with increase in duration between BTH application and inoculation. The curative effect of BTH was poor. When applied through roots a protective effect of BTH was visible even with only a 1‐h interval between application and inoculation. However, in the case of foliar application, protective effect was recorded only when the gap between application and inoculation was 24 h. BTH reduced the frequency of penetration by R solani, colonization of host tissue and spread of the hyphae from primary lesions to form secondary lesions. BTH induced swelling of hyphal tips on the sheath surface, formation of papillae, browning of penetrated epidermal cells and degeneration of intra‐cellular hyphae colonizing epidermal and mesophyll cells. Therefore, the protective effect of BTH against sheath blight was due to combination of its host defence‐inducing activity and its adverse effect on growth and vigour (parasite fitness) of the pathogen.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
A new strategy for the synthesis of cyclopeptides containing diaminoglutaric acid
Authors: Bayer Tom , Riemer Christoph , Kessler Horst 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new synthesis of orthogonally protected diaminoglutaric acid containing peptides using the Ugi four component condensation is presented. To demonstrate that this method is useful to replace cystine by diaminoglutaric acid in biologically interesting peptides, we built up two cyclic somatostatin analogues deriving from Sandostatin and from TT‐232. A photolytically cleavable amine derivative of the nitroveratryl type is used for the Ugi four component condensation. Because of a racemic build up of the new stereocentre of the diaminoglutaric acid, and racemization of the isonitrile component, four diastereomeric peptides resulted that were separated by HPLC. The stereochemistry of the cyclopeptides could be easily and unambiguously assigned by chiral gas chromatography and a reference sample of enantiomerically pure (2S,4S)‐diaminoglutaric acid. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connections in tubular structures
Authors: Kurobane Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTubular structures can be subdivided into two large groups of truss‐type structure: braced multi‐storey frames, and multi‐storey moment resisting frames. Details of connections for trusses vary widely, ranging from two‐ and three‐dimensional tube‐to‐tube connections, reinforced and unreinforced, to variety of plate‐to‐tube connections, which are mainly used for site connections. Moment connections include both the semi‐rigid and fully restrained I‐section beam‐to‐hollow‐section column connections. Considerable effort to improve conventional connection designs has been made during the past 5 years to avoid premature tensile failures experienced during the 1995 Kobe Earthquake. This article reviews recent research developments in the design of these tubular connections. Because many intensive studies have been conducted, studies on connections under fatigue loading and those dealing with concrete‐filled tubes are excluded from this review for the sake of brevity.
Effect of Kava and Valerian on human physiological and psychological responses to mental stress assessed under laboratory conditions
Authors: Cropley M. , Cave Z. , Ellis J. , Middleton R. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated whether kava or valerian could moderate the effects of psychological stress induced under laboratory conditions in a group of healthy volunteers. Fifty‐four participants performed a standardized colour/word mental stress task on two occasions 1 week apart. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and subjective ratings of pressure were assessed at rest and during the mental stress task. Following the first session (time 1 = T1), individuals took a standard dose of kava (n = 18), or valerian (n = 18) for 7 days, while the remainder acted as controls (n = 18). Differences in BP and HR from resting levels were calculated as reactions to the stress task at both time points. At the second session (time 2 = T2) there was a significant decrease in systolic BP responsivity in both the kava and valerian groups relative to T1, but there were no significant reductions in diastolic BP. Between T1 and T2, the HR reaction to mental stress was found to decline in the valerian group but not in the kava group. Individuals taking kava or valerian reported less pressure during the task at T2 relative to T1. There were no significant differences in BP, HR or subjective reports of pressure between T1 and T2 in the controls. Behavioural performance on the colour/word task did not change between the groups over the two time points. The results suggest that kava and valerian may be beneficial to health by reducing physiological reactivity during stressful situations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxic activity of Typhonium flagelliforme (Araceae)
Authors: Choo Chee‐Yan , Chan Kit‐Lam , Takeya Koichi , Itokawa Hideji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe plant Typhonium flagelliforme (Araceae), commonly known as the ‘rodent tuber’, is often included as an essential ingredient in various herbal remedies recommended for cancer therapies in Malaysia. Various extracts prepared from either the roots, tubers, stems or leaves were tested for cytotoxic activity on murine P388 leukaemia cells using the MTT assay method. Both the chloroform (IC50 = 6.0 µg/mL) and hexane (IC50 = 15.0 µg/mL) extract from the ‘roots and tubers’ exhibited weak cytotoxic activity. The hexane extract (IC50 = 65.0 µg/mL) from the ‘stems and leaves’ exhibited weaker cytotoxic activity than the chloroform extract (IC50 = 8.0 µg/mL). Although the juice extract from the ‘roots and tubers’ is frequently consumed for cancer treatment, it exhibited poor cytotoxic activity. Further analysis using an amino acid analyser revealed that the juice extract contained a high concentration of arginine (0.874%). A high tryptophan content (0.800%) was confirmed by NMR and HPLC analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The synthesis of Rantes, G‐CSF, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐12 and IL‐13 in human whole‐blood cultures is modulated by an extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus L. roots
Authors: Schmolz M. W. , Sacher F. , Aicher B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn ethanol extract derived from the roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus was found to influence markedly the cytokine synthesis of activated whole blood cultures of ten healthy volunteers. Whereas the synthesis of Rantes was increased over a wide range of concentrations, the release of IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐12 was significantly inhibited. An inhibition at higher concentrations, switching to a stimulation at lower doses of the extract was seen with G‐CSF, IL‐6 and IL‐13. From these particular immuno‐pharmacological effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus we suggest this herbal preparation possesses immuno‐modulatory potency, rather than just being immuno‐suppressive or ‐stimulating. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wound healing activity of acylated iridoid glycosides from Scrophularia nodosa
Authors: Stevenson Philip C. , Simmonds Monique S. J. , Sampson Julia , Houghton Peter J. , Grice Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree acylated iridoid glycosides (E)‐6‐O‐(2″, 4″‐diacetyl‐3″ ‐O‐p‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (scopolioside A) (1), (E)‐6‐O‐(2″‐acetyl‐3″, 4″‐di‐O,O‐p‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (scrophuloside A4) (2) and (E)‐6‐O‐(2″,3″‐diacetyl‐4″‐O‐p‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (scrovalentinoside) (3) have been isolated from the dried seed pods of Scrophularia nodosa by HPLC. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, UV/Vis and mass spectroscopy and by comparison with published data. All three compounds were shown in vitro to stimulate the growth of human dermal fibroblasts. The effect was negatively dose‐dependent for 2 and 3 for which fibroblast growth stimulation was highest at 0.78 μg/mL but was not significantly different from the control at 100 μg/mL. The presence of these compounds in the mature seed pods may explain the ethnobotanical use of this plant in Europe for healing wounds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anxiogenic properties of Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth. (Marapuama)
Authors: da Silva A. L. , Bardini S. , Nunes D. S. , Elisabetsky E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlcohol infusions of roots of Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth. (PO), known as Marapuama or Muirapuama, are used in the Brazilian Amazon as a ‘nerve tonic’. Over the years PO has been found increasingly in phytoformulations and regarded as a stimulant, claimed to enhance physical and mental performances. This study determined that a P. olacoides ethanol extract (30, 100 and 300mg/kg) decreased exploratory behaviour in the hole‐board test, without interfering with locomotion or motor coordination (rota‐rod test). The data are comparable to that obtained with pentylenetetrazol (40 mg/kg), suggesting an anxiogenic effect of P. olacoides. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meeting the challenges of implementing good laboratory practices compliance in a university setting
Authors: Hancock Sandra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe number of university laboratories participating in good laboratory practices (GLP) studies is on the rise, as evidenced by the increase in university personnel that have joined the Society of Quality Assurance (SQA) during the past decade. However, the road to GLP compliance in the university setting has significant challenges. To evaluate how universities have implemented and managed GLP studies, a survey was conducted of SQA members with a university address. The results are described in this article. At Virginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine (VMRCVM), we have been participating in GLP studies since 1989. Studies are conducted by research or clinical faculty members, with quality assurance (QA) provided by the College Quality Assurance Unit. Since the inception of our GLP Program, VMRCVM has made significant progress toward meeting the challenges of regulatory compliance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.