bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of mononuclear inflammatory cells, CD4/CD8+ T cells, interleukin 1β, and tumour necrosis factor α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, peripheral blood, and skin of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Hussein M R , Hassan H I , Hofny E R M , Elkholy M , Fatehy N A , Abd Elmoniem A E A , Ezz El-Din A M , Afifi O A , Rashed H G 
Published: January 2005

Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease with underlying immune mechanisms.Aims:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of the lesions; immunological alterations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), peripheral blood, and skin; and correlations between the clinicopathological characteristics and immunological alterations in SSc.Materials/Methods:Skin biopsies, BALF, and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 19 patients (18 women, one man) with SSc and six age and sex matched healthy controls (HCs). Mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs), CD4/CD8 cells, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 1β (IL1-1β) concentrations were examined in all samples using histological methods, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoperoxidase staining.Results:The mean (SD) age of the patients with SSc was 34.8 (2.6) years. Proteinuria, positive rheumatoid factor, and C reactive protein were seen in 15.8%, 26.3%, and 26.3% of patients, respectively. Compared with HCs, there were significantly higher: total MICs (macrophages, lymphocytes), neutrophils, and eosinophils in BALF, blood, and skin (all p<0.05); cytokine concentrations in BALF (TNFα, p<0.001; IL-1, p<0.01) and peripheral blood (p<0.01 and p<0.05); and CD8/CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood (p<0.05). Compared with HCs, lesional skin had significantly higher histiocyte cell counts (p<0.05), lower lymphocyte counts (p<0.05), and higher CD4/CD8 ratios (p<0.001). There were significant correlations between cytokine concentrations and CD8+ T cells and forced vital capacity (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively).Conclusions:MICs, CD4/CD8+ cells, and cytokines are altered in SSc. These alterations correlated with the underlying disease process and therefore may have pathogenic, modulatory, and potential prognostic roles in SSc.
Differential prognostic impact of hypoxia induced and diffuse HIF-1α expression in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Vleugel M M , Greijer A E , Shvarts A , van der Groep P , van Berkel M , Aarbodem Y , van Tinteren H , Harris A L , van Diest P J , van der Wall E 
Published: January 2005

Background:Intratumorous hypoxia triggers a broad cellular response mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1α concentrations increase during breast carcinogenesis, and are associated with poor prognosis. An earlier study noted two HIF-1α overexpression patterns: diffuse scattered throughout the tissue and confined to perinecrotic cells.Aims:To investigate the prognostic impact of these different HIF-1α overexpression patterns in relation to its downstream effectors carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1).Methods:HIF-1α, CA IX, and GLUT-1 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, including double staining for CA IX and HIF-1α. Clinical data included disease free survival, lymph node status, and tumour size.Results:HIF-1α overexpression (44% of cases) had a perinecrotic (13.5%) or diffuse staining pattern (30.5%). CA IX expression was detectable in 12.5% of breast cancers, whereas GLUT-1 expression was seen in 29%, with both showing perinecrotic membrane staining. Perinecrotic HIF-1α overexpression was highly associated with CA IX and GLUT-1 overexpression, and double staining for HIF-1α and CA IX showed strong expression in the same cells. Diffusely overexpressed HIF-1α was not associated with CA IX or GLUT-1 expression. Patients with diffuse HIF-1α staining had a significantly better prognosis than patients with perinecrotically overexpressed HIF-1α.Conclusions:Different regulation pathways of HIF-1α overexpression exist in breast cancer: (1) hypoxia induced, perinecrotic HIF-1α overexpression with strong expression of hypoxia associated genes (CA IX and GLUT-1), which is associated with a poor prognosis; and (2) diffuse HIF-1α overexpression lacking major hypoxia associated downstream effects, resulting in a more favourable prognosis.
Stromal CD10 expression in mammary fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumours
Authors: Tse G M K , Tsang A K H , Putti T C , Scolyer R A , Lui P C W , Law B K B , Karim R Z , Lee C S 
Published: January 2005

Background/Aims:CD10 (CALLA) has recently been reported to be expressed in spindle cell neoplasia, and has been used to differentiate endometrial stromal sarcoma from leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. In the breast, myoepithelial cells express CD10, but there are few studies of the expression of CD10 in mammary fibroepithelial lesions.Methods:Stromal CD10 expression was studied in 181 mammary phyllodes tumours (102 benign, 51 borderline malignant, and 28 frankly malignant) and 33 fibroadenomas using immunohistochemistry, to evaluate whether differences in expression correlated with the degree of malignancy.Results:There was a progressive increase in the patients’ age and tumour size, from fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumours with an increasing degree of malignancy (p < 0.001). Stromal CD10 expression was positive in one of 33 fibroadenomas, six of 102 benign phyllodes tumours, 16 of 51 borderline malignant phyllodes tumours, and 14 of 28 frankly malignant phyllodes tumours. The difference was significant (p < 0.001) and an increasing trend was established. Strong staining was seen in subepithelial areas with higher stromal cellularity and activity. Stromal CD10 expression had a high specificity (95%) for differentiating between benign lesions (fibroadenomas and benign phyllodes tumours) and malignant (borderline and frankly malignant) phyllodes tumours.Conclusions:CD10 may be a useful adjunct in assessing malignancy in mammary fibroepithelial lesions.
A methylation sensitive dot blot assay (MS-DBA) for the quantitative analysis of DNA methylation in clinical samples
Authors: Clément G , Benhattar J 
Published: January 2005

Background:There is increasing interest in DNA methylation and in its implication in transcriptional gene silencing, a phenomenon commonly seen in human cancer.Aims:To develop a new method that would allow quantitative DNA methylation analysis in a large range of clinical samples, independently of the processing protocol.Methods:A methylation sensitive dot blot assay (MS-DBA) was developed, which is quantitative and combines bisulfite modification, PCR amplification using primers without CpG sites, and dot blot analysis with two probes specific for methylated and unmethylated DNA.Results:The established method was used to study methylation of the hTERT, APC, and p16 promoter regions in microdissected, formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissues.Conclusions:MS-DBA is a sensitive, specific, and quantitative approach to analyse DNA methylation in a variety of frozen or fixed tissues. Moreover, MS-DBA is rapid, easy to perform, and permits the screening of a large panel of samples in one experiment. Thus, MS-DBA can facilitate the routine analysis of DNA methylation in all types of clinical samples.
Mechanisms of Rhythm Generation in a Spinal Locomotor Network Deprived of Crossed Connections: The Lamprey Hemicord
Authors: Cangiano Lorenzo , Grillner Sten 
Published: January 2005

The spinal network coordinating locomotion in the lamprey serves as a model system, in which it has been possible to elucidate connectivity and cellular mechanisms using the isolated spinal cord. Locomotor burst activity alternates between the left and right side of a segment through reciprocal inhibition. We have recently shown that the burst generation itself in a hemisegment does not require inhibitory mechanisms. The focus of this study is the intrinsic operation of this hemisegmental burst-generating component of the locomotor network.Brief electrical stimulation (0.3 s) of the hemicord evokes long-lasting bouts (>2 min) of bursts (2-15 Hz) in the mid to high-frequency range of locomotion. Bout release is an all-or-none phenomenon requiring a threshold intensity of stimulation and glutamatergic transmission within a population of excitatory interneurons, with axons extending over several segments. The progressive activity-dependent decrease in burst frequency that takes place during a bout is followed by a slow recovery process lasting >20 min. Intracellular recordings of single motoneurons, excitatory interneurons, and inhibitory interneurons show that locomotor bouts, in general, are accompanied by a marked depolarization. Membrane potential oscillations and spikes occur in phase with the ventral root (VR) bursts. Active motoneurons and interneurons fire one spike per VR burst, as also confirmed by axonal recordings. Thus, the reciprocal inhibition between opposite hemisegments in the intact cord not only ensures left-right alternation and lowers the locomotor frequency but also promotes a shift from single to multiple action potentials per cycle in network neurons.
Telling a Story about the Past: Fact and Fiction in Two Recent Films on the History of Anthropology
Authors: Jacknis Ira 
Published: January 2005

Ishi, The. Last Yahi. 1992. 57 minutes, color. Produced and directed by Jed Riffe and Pamela Roberts. Distributed by the Center for Media and Independent Learning, University of California Extension, 2000 Center Street, Fourth Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704; 510/642‐0460. Fax 510/643‐9271. Available in video and 16mm.Margaret Mead: An Observer Observed. 1995.85 minutes, color. Produced by Virginia Yans‐McLaughlin. Directed by Alan Berliner. Distributed by Filmakers Library, 124 East 40th Street, New York, NY l0016; 212/808‐4980.
Yanomamology, Missiology, and Anthropology
Authors: Whitehead Neil L. 
Published: January 2005

The Yanomami and Their Interpreters: Fierce People or Fierce Interpreters? Frank A. Salamone. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1997. 117 pp.Spirit of the Rainforest:. Yanomamö Shaman's Story. Mark Ritchie. Chicago: Island Lake Press, 1996. 271 pp.Yanomamö Interactive: The Ax Fight. Peter Bella. Napoleon Chagnon. and Gary Seaman. Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology Multimedia Series Windows/Macintosh CDROM. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1997.
Settling Accounts; Violence, justice, and Accountability in Postsocialist Europe/ Subversions of International Order: Studies in the Political Anthropology of Culture
Authors: Stade Ronald 
Published: January 2005

Settling Accounts; Violence, justice, and Accountability in Postsocialist Europe. John Borneman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997. xii +197 pp., bibliography, index.Subversions of International Order: Studies in the Political Anthropology of Culture. John Borneman. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998. viii. 341 pp., notes, references, index.
Multilevel Analyses of Genetic Differentiation in Anopheles gambiae s.s. Reveal Patterns of Gene Flow Important for Malaria-Fighting Mosquito Projects
Authors: Tripet Frédéric , Dolo Guimogo , Lanzaro Gregory C 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Malaria control projects based on the introduction and spread of transgenes into mosquito populations depend on the extent of isolation between those populations. On the basis of the distribution of paracentric inversions, Anopheles gambiae has been subdivided into five subspecific chromosomal forms. Estimating gene flow between and within these forms of An. gambiae presents a number of challenges. We compared patterns of genetic divergence (FST) between sympatric populations of the Bamako and Mopti forms at five sites. We used microsatellite loci within the j inversion on chromosome 2, which is fixed in the Bamako form but absent in the Mopti form, and microsatellites on chromosome 3, a region void of inversions. Estimates of genetic diversity and FST's suggest genetic exchanges between forms for the third chromosome but little for the j inversion. These results suggest a role for the inversion in speciation. Extensive gene flow within forms among sites resulted in populations clustering according to form despite substantial gene flow between forms. These patterns underscore the low levels of current gene flow between chromosomal forms in this area of sympatry. Introducing refractoriness genes in areas of the genome void of inversions may facilitate their spread within forms but their passage between forms may prove more difficult than previously thought.
Inferring the Mode of Speciation From Genomic Data
Authors: Osada Naoki , Wu Chung-I 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The strictly allopatric model of speciation makes definable predictions on the pattern of divergence, one of which is the uniformity in the divergence time across genomic regions. Using 345 coding and 143 intergenic sequences from the African great apes, we were able to reject the null hypothesis that the divergence time in the coding sequences (CDSs) and intergenic sequences (IGSs) is the same between human and chimpanzee. The conclusion is further supported by the analysis of whole-genome sequences between these species. The difference suggests a prolonged period of genetic exchange during the formation of these two species. Because the analysis should be generally applicable, collecting DNA sequence data from many genomic regions between closely related species should help to settle the debate over the prevalence of the allopatric mode of speciation.
New Adjustment Factors and Sample Size Calculation in a DNA-Pooling Experiment With Preferential Amplification
Authors: Yang Hsin-Chou , Pan Chia-Ching , Lu Richard C Y , Fann Cathy S J 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In the post-genome era, disease gene mapping using dense genetic markers has become an important tool for dissecting complex inheritable diseases. Locating disease susceptibility genes using DNA-pooling experiments is a potentially economical alternative to those involving individual genotyping. The foundation of a successful DNA-pooling association test is a precise and accurate estimation of allele frequency. In this article, we propose two new adjustment methods that correct for preferential amplification of nucleotides when estimating the allele frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We also discuss the effect of sample size when calibrating unequal allelic amplification. We conducted simulation studies to assess the performance of different adjustment procedures and found that our proposed adjustments are more reliable with respect to the estimation bias and root mean square error compared with the current approach. The improved performance not only improves the accuracy and precision of allele frequency estimations but also leads to more powerful disease gene mapping.
Multiple Pathways for Suppression of Mutants Affecting G1-Specific Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Flick Karin , Wittenberg Curt 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, control of cell proliferation is exerted primarily during G1 phase. The G1-specific transcription of several hundred genes, many with roles in early cell cycle events, requires the transcription factors SBF and MBF, each composed of Swi6 and a DNA-binding protein, Swi4 or Mbp1, respectively. Binding of these factors to promoters is essential but insufficient for robust transcription. Timely transcriptional activation requires Cln3/CDK activity. To identify potential targets for Cln3/CDK, we identified multicopy suppressors of the temperature sensitivity of new conditional alleles of SWI6. A bck2Δ background was used to render SWI6 essential. Seven multicopy suppressors of bck2Δ swi6-ts mutants were identified. Three genes, SWI4, RME1, and CLN2, were identified previously in related screens and shown to activate G1-specific expression of genes independent of CLN3 and SWI6. The other four genes, FBA1, RPL40a/UBI1, GIN4, and PAB1, act via apparently unrelated pathways downstream of SBF and MBF. Each depends upon CLN2, but not CLN1, for its suppressing activity. Together with additional characterization these findings indicate that multiple independent pathways are sufficient for proliferation in the absence of G1-specific transcriptional activators.
Predictions of Patterns of Response to Artificial Selection in Lines Derived From Natural Populations
Authors: Zhang Xu-Sheng , Hill William G 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The pattern of response to artificial selection on quantitative traits in laboratory populations can tell us something of the genetic architecture in the natural population from which they were derived. We modeled artificial selection in samples drawn from natural populations in which variation had been maintained by recurrent mutation, with genes having an effect on the trait, which was subject to real stabilizing selection, and a pleitropic effect on fitness (the joint-effect model). Natural selection leads to an inverse correlation between effects and frequencies of genes, such that the frequency distribution of genes increasing the trait has an extreme U-shape. In contrast to the classical infinitesimal model, an early accelerated response and a larger variance of response among replicates were predicted. However, these are reduced if the base population has been maintained in the laboratory for some generations by random sampling prior to artificial selection. When multiple loci and linkage are also taken into account, the gametic disequilibria generated by the Bulmer and Hill-Robertson effects are such that little or no increase in variance and acceleration of response in early generations of artificial selection are predicted; further, the patterns of predicted responses for the joint-effect model now become close to those of the infinitesimal model. Comparison with data from laboratory selection experiments shows that, overall, the analysis did not provide clear support for the joint-effect model or a clear case for rejection.
The Role of Pedigree Information in Combined Linkage Disequilibrium and Linkage Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in a General Complex Pedigree
Authors: Lee S H , Van der Werf J H J 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage (LDL) mapping can exploit historical as well as recent and observed recombinations in a recorded pedigree. We investigated the role of pedigree information in LDL mapping and the performance of LDL mapping in general complex pedigrees. We compared using complete and incomplete genotypic data, spanning 5 or 10 generations of known pedigree, and we used bi- or multiallelic markers that were positioned at 1- or 5-cM intervals. Analyses carried out with or without pedigree information were compared. Results were compared with linkage mapping in some of the data sets. Linkage mapping or LDL mapping with sparse marker spacing (∼5 cM) gave a poorer mapping resolution without considering pedigree information compared to that with considering pedigree information. The difference was bigger in a pedigree of more generations. However, LDL mapping with closely linked markers (∼1 cM) gave a much higher mapping resolution regardless of using pedigree information. This study shows that when marker spacing is dense and there is considerable linkage disequilibrium generated from historical recombinations between flanking markers and QTL, the loss of power due to ignoring pedigree information is negligible and mapping resolution is very high.
A Novel Endoribonuclease, RNase LS, in Escherichia coli
Authors: Otsuka Yuichi , Yonesaki Tetsuro 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
The dmd gene of bacteriophage T4 is required for the stability of late-gene mRNAs. When this gene is mutated, late genes are globally silenced because of rapid degradation of their mRNAs. Our previous work suggested that a novel Escherichia coli endonuclease, RNase LS, is responsible for the rapid degradation of mRNAs. In this study, we demonstrated that rnlA (formerly yfjN) is essential for RNase LS activity both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we investigated a role of RNase LS in the RNA metabolism of E. coli cells under vegetative growth conditions. A mutation in rnlA reduced the decay rate of many E. coli mRNAs, although there are differences in the mutational effects on the stabilization of different mRNAs. In addition, we found that a 307-nucleotide fragment with an internal sequence of 23S rRNA accumulated to a high level in rnlA mutant cells. These results strongly suggest that RNase LS plays a role in the RNA metabolism of E. coli as well as phage T4.
Vertically Aligned Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks with Switchable Electrical Conductivity for Li Metal Anode
Authors: Jin Yongsheng , Lee In‐Hwan , Gu Taejun , Jung Su‐Ho , Chang Hongjun , Kim Byung‐Sung , Moon Janghyuk , Whang Dongmok 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal, with its unparalleled theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential, is a promising anode material for rechargeable batteries. Yet, challenges such as dendrite formation, severe electrode volume change, and ongoing Li consumption impede its practical adoption. To address these challenges, a novel approach is introduced, harnessing the switchable electrical conductivity of a nanoporous current collector for Li metal anode. A vertically aligned Nickel‐catecholate (VANC) is directly grown on the copper foil as the nanoporous current collector, and the Li intercalation and de‐intercalation of VANC reversibly decrease and increase the electrical conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the electrode, respectively. The switchable conductivity induces uniform deposition and stripping of Li metal without forming dendrite and dead Li during the Li plating/stripping process and thus enables high coulombic efficiency of over 98% even after 200 cycles. This nanoporous structure with switchable conductivity will open up a new path for reliable lithium metal anode for rechargeable battery applications.
Design Principles of Mediation Layer for Current Collectors Toward High‐Performance Anode‐Free Potassium‐Metal Batteries: A Case Study of Cu6Sn5 on Copper
Authors: Ren Naiqing , Wang Lifeng , Li Xiaoying , Cao Kuo , He Zixu , Shao Yu , Xiao Jingchao , Zhu Yiran , Pan Bicai , Jiao Shuhong , Chen Chunhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnode‐free potassium (K) metal batteries are promising candidates in high‐energy‐density batteries. Nevertheless, the notorious potassium dendrite growth and poor K plating/stripping efficiency originating from the potassiophobicity of conventional Cu current collectors impede their practical applications. Herein, by means of systematically multi‐scale theoretical simulations, the correlations among K deposition morphology, nucleation sites, and potassiophilicity of mediation layers are well illuminated from thermodynamics and dynamics perspectives. As a proof of concept, a potassiophilic alloy Cu6Sn5 layer is constructed on commercial Cu foils via a facile electroless plating approach. The designed Cu6Sn5@Cu can guide the homogeneous distribution of K+ flux and regulate the electronic field, promoting uniform K+ plating and stripping. Meanwhile, a KF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with high mechanical strength is electrochemically induced and formed, facilitating the transport of K+ through SEI and enhancing the stability of SEI. Consequently, Cu6Sn5@Cu delivers great performance with durable stability of up to 600 h (1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2) in no‐reservoir half‐cells. Benefiting from the unique mediation layer design, a novel anode‐free K‐metal full‐cell prototype demonstrates ameliorative cyclic stability. This work advances a fundamental understanding and establishes the bridge between the potassium deposition morphology and mediation layer properties for anode‐free potassium‐metal batteries.