bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical View of Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Weiss Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The title of the conference paper that gave rise to this chapter was ‘‘Don Quixote Glimpses the Windmills of Marital Bliss.’’ Then, as here, my concern was with the theories and methods fashioned to understand that quintessential component of marital quality, marital satisfaction, arguably a most important aspect of adult intimacy, yet so elusive in its promise. ‘‘Marital bliss’’ is transitory and not as readily accessed as ‘‘marital satisfaction,’’ but it serves to call attention to the limitations of the search itself. How can the methods of family science help us to understand marital satisfaction as a respectable variable, the correlates of which lead to formulating testable basic research questions as well as facilitating all important preventative and ameliorative interventions that address adult intimacy? As with the idealistic Don, are we also pursuing an elusive truth? The present journey in search of marital satisfaction selects from among attractive ideas from the literature. I explore how the construct of marital satisfaction has infiltrated the behavioral science approach to adult intimacy, highlighting where necessary limiting assumptions.
A Life Span Developmental Systems Perspective on Aggression Toward a Partner
Authors: Capaldi Deborah M , Shortt Joann Wu , Kim Hyoun K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The use of physically aggressive tactics during disagreements between partners has gained national attention as domestic violence. Former Surgeon General Novello announced in 1992 that domestic violence is the leading cause of injuries to women aged 15–44 years and that addressing the issue of violence against women has become a national priority (Biden, 1993). For perhaps as many as 25 to 30% of those who report first instances of physical aggression in early dating relationships, such aggression becomes more serious across time (O’Leary et al., 1989; Roscoe & Benaske, 1985). Understanding the causes and course of physical aggression directed at women by male partners is a critical issue. Aggression in couples, however, is a larger issue than this alone. First, men also are injured by their partners (Archer, 2000). Furthermore, physical aggression that does not result in injuries severe enough to require medical attention can have other impacts that are destructive to the relationship and to the well-being of the partners (Bradbury & Lawrence, 1999; Gelles & Harrop, 1989). Possible impacts include decline in relationship satisfaction, relationship breakdowns, and divorce, with accompanying negative effects such as loss of income and housing; personal distress including fear, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and consequences such as substance use. Finally, such aggression between parents has been related to negative outcomes for the children (Jouriles, Norwood, McDonald, & Peters, 2001; Simons, Johnson, Beaman, & Conger, 1993). In this chapter, we discuss the prevalence of physical aggression in romantic relationships, current theoretical perspectives on couples’ aggression, and the need for a developmental systems perspective to move the field forward in its endeavors to explain the etiology of and processes involved in aggression toward a partner.
Partner Violence and Men: A Focus on the Male Perpetrator
Authors: Holtzworth-Munroe Amy , Meehan Jeffrey C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present chapter addresses male violence against an intimate female partner. The chapter consists of three main sections. First, we consider a series of questions that we are often asked about this research area, including such issues as why we study male rather than female violence, why we often focus on the individual rather than the dyad, and what the relationship between psychological abuse, physical violence, and marital distress may be. Growing out of our consideration of these issues, we next focus much of the chapter on the consideration of batterer typologies, presenting our own typology theory and study findings, discussing the clinical implications of our data, and considering some limitations of our approach. Finally, we end with a discussion of issues for future researchers to consider.
Disentangling Causality in the Associations Between Couple and Family Processes and Depression
Authors: Whiffen Valerie E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I have the formidable task of reviewing the research literatures linking couple and family processes to depression. These comprise at least two separate literatures. The first assesses the impact of parental depression, particularly maternal depression, on children’s risk for psychopathology. The second evaluates the role of marital distress in the etiology of adult depression or, less frequently, the impact of depression on the marital relationship. My goals are twofold: to paint a picture of the interpersonal context in which adult depression occurs and on which it has a reciprocal impact and to identify key research issues central to the problem of disentangling causality in both fields of research. Because of the scope of this chapter, I am not able to include research on family processes that are linked to child and adolescent depression.
Psychological Relief: An Overview-The Balkan Experience
Authors: Capozzoli Joseph A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Individuals like to be able to predict, foresee, and influence events. When we are placed in situations in which we are powerless and unable to influence events, we become victims. Disastrous and devastating events, especially those events that are unpredicted, are the spawning ground for psychological trauma. Indeed, very serious psychological repercussions can result in individuals who have been exposed to trauma which stems from displacement from home, death of loved ones, loss of community, and an inability to predict the future with any degree of certainty.
Disaster Mental Health: Trauma Relief, Concepts, and Theory
Authors: Weaver John D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People are almost always changed by the traumatic events they face during their lives, but they need not be damaged by those events. Anyone who watches tv or reads newspapers realizes that potentially traumatic life events are always just a heartbeat away. Everything from a seemingly minor traffic accident to a house fire, a violent crime, or a catastrophic natural or human- caused disaster can, in a matter of minutes, change our lives forever. Helping people cope with the emotional fallout from such traumatic events is the focus of the expanding field of practice that has come to be known as disaster mental health (DMH).
Developmental Issues in Stress and Crisis
Authors: Zubenko Wendy N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Children and adolescents experience and respond to stress and crises in ways quite different from adults. Throughout this chapter, when I refer to children, the reader should under- stand that this includes adolescents as well, unless otherwise stated. This chapter describes children’s responses to traumatic events and discusses warning signs that the child’s usual way of coping is either no longer working or is unhealthy. Specific interventions are also discussed.
The Misunderstood Double Marking of Indirect Objects and New Infinitive Strategies in Unexpected Places: A Brief Study of Romance Variation
Authors: Trumper John B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rohlfs (1968, 3 $632) discusses the normal marking of DOs that are [+human] with prepositions, usually a, in Southern Italian dialects, including the Calabrian varieties. I have already addressed a few brief comments to this topic in Trumper 1996.1 The phenomenon, which syntactically binds Southern and some Central dialects to Sardinian, to Corsican, to Ibero-Romance, and to Romanian, is also present, albeit with more restrictions, in Northern Italian dialects.2 Rohlfs is essentially correct when he states that the preposition used is not always a but sometimes da (“Gallo-Sicilian”), sometimes per, not only in Romanian (am viizut pe tine) but even in the Mediterranean “lingua franca” or sabir described in detail in Cifoletti (1989) with examples such as genti mirado per mi andar con ti“mi s’e visto andar via con te”: the example mi ablar per ti adduced by Rohlfs doesn’t exhibit this particular construction but only the generalized use of the preposition per to mark both IO’s (“io ti dico”: mi ablar per ti) and DOs (“io ti vedo”: mi mirar per ti), provided they be [+human]. The particular preposition used seems to be irrelevant; more important is the fact of marking a distinction between types of DO/ IO [+human] vs. [-human], not always with the restriction [+human] to the names of persons or the Pro-forms that substitute them, but often with an extension to kinship terms, occasionally to place names (personification?) and, usually to professions or roles.
Helping Children with Autism Learn
Authors: Siegel Bryna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bryna Siegel gives parents of autistic children what they need most: hope. Her first book, The World of the Autistic Child, became an instant classic, illuminating the inaccessible minds of afflicted children. Now she offers an equally insightful, thoroughly practical guide to treating the learning disabilities associated with this heartbreaking disorder. The trouble with treating autism, Siegel writes, is that it is a spectrum disorder—a combination of a number of symptoms and causes. To one extent or another, it robs the child of social bonds, language and intimacy, but the extent varies dramatically in each case. The key is to understand each case of autism as a discrete set of learning disabilities, each of which must be treated individually. Siegel explains how to take an inventory of a child’s particular disabilities, breaks down the various kinds unique to autism, discusses our current knowledge about each, and reviews the existing strategies for treating them. There is no simple cure for this multifarious disorder, she writes, instead an individual program, with a unique array of specific treatments, must be constructed for each child. She gives practical guidance for fashioning such a program, empowering parents to take the lead in their child’s treatment. At the same time, she cautions against the proliferating, but questionable treatments hawked to afflicted families. She knows the panic to do something, anything, to help an autistic child, and she offers parents reassurance and support as well as sensible advice, combining knowledge from experience, theory and research. For parents, autism in a child is heartbreaking, but it need not be overwhelming. Bryna Siegel offers a new understanding, and a practical, thoughtful approach, that will give parents new hope.
Phenotypic Variation from Single Genotypes: A Primer
Authors: Dewitt Thomas J , Scheiner Samuel M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A plant senses competitors for light and elongates its stem, accepting and elevating the challenge. A zooplankter senses diurnal predators and alters its daily vertical movements. A great breadth of ideas fall under the rubric of phenotypic plasticity, and this book is designed to express that breadth as a broad historical and conceptual review, bringing together a variety of (sometimes conflicting) viewpoints. In this chapter, we set the stage for the rest of the book by reviewing these diverse ideas under an intentionally broad definition of plasticity: environment-dependent phenotype expression. We emphasize the value of combining proximate, ultimate, and historical views. We hope to convey the need to understand how trait values are influenced by the environment, how individuals vary in this ability, and what such variations imply for how organisms live and reproduce.
A Behavioral Ecological View of Phenotypic Plasticity
Authors: Sih Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a burst of new interest in understanding evolutionary forces that shape patterns of phenotypic plasticity, and in the effects of plasticity on evolutionary dynamics and ecological patterns (see reviews by Stearns 1989; WestEberhard 1989; Newman 1992; Scheiner 1993a; Via et al. 1995; DeWitt et al. 1998). Most studies that apply the term phenotypic plasticity examine developmental plasticity; typically, environmentally induced changes in morphological, or life history traits (see above reviews). Behaviors, despite their obvious plasticity, are often explicitly excluded from the rubric of phenotypic plasticity. Based strictly on its definition (the change in the expressed phenotype of a genotype as a function of the environment), however, phenotypic plasticity could refer to any trait that is influenced by both genetic and environmental effects. Here, I discuss (1) existing ideas on the distinction between behavioral and developmental plasticity, (2) the different approaches that dominate the study of phenotypic plasticity versus adaptive behavior, (3) some insights for the study of phenotypic plasticity that can be gained from the behavioral ecology view, (4) the joint evolution of behavioral and developmental plasticity, and (5) some insights for ecologists from genetically based studies of phenotypic plasticity. My primary focus will be on issue (3). I will suggest that the optimality approaches’ emphasis on explicit biological mechanisms that relate plastic phenotypes to fitness costs and benefits can provide new insights on how to measure and how to think about relationships among realistic, complex environments, reaction norms, and fitness.
The Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in Diversification
Authors: Schlichting Carl D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although phenotypic plasticity has gained acceptance as an important means of adaptation to heterogeneous environments, its role in population differentiation, speciation, and other macro evolutionary events is poorly understood. My goal here is to persuade you. first. that phenotypic plasticity actually plays anr part in the diversification of taxa and, further, that its role may be greatly underestimated. I discuss three specific areas where the possession of plasticity may facilitate evolutionary change. Its greatest contribution appears to be in promoting the occupation of new niches by means of the production of phenotypic alternatives, paving the way for genetic differentiation. Another key role may be to shield genetic diversity from the discerning eye of selection. Finally, it may enhance the long-term survival of taxa, via species selection. The process now referred to as genetic assimilation (GA) has been something of a phoenix. The basic premise of GA is that a phenotypic change, initially strictly plastic (i.e., environmentally induced), over time can be incorporated into the genetically determined phenotypic repertoire. It provides a mechanism whereby seemingly Lamarckian shifts can be explained with Darwinian principles. Originally hailed as a means of promoting evolutionary change, it was later considered to be an equally potent buffer against diversification. Resurrected as an evolutionary catalyst independently in Russia and England, it was subsequently dismissed as being of minor importance.
Future Research Directions
Authors: Scheiner Samuel M , Dewitt Thomas J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past 20 years the study of phenotypic plasticity has grown from a small cottage industry investigating an odd phenomenon, to a major research agenda (figure 13.1 ). Although its roots go back to the very beginnings of modern evolutionary biology (chapter 2), only recently has phenotypic plasticity been studied in a widespread and systematic fashion. This book is testimony to the substantial progress that has been made, especially in the past decade. So, where do we go from here? The empirical focus of plasticity studies has shifted considerably in the past two decades, from simply demonstrating the existence of genetic variation for plasticity and the response of plasticity to artificial selection, to whether plasticity in nature is adaptive and what types of environmental heterogeneity will select for plasticity. Perhaps the most important advance has been the general recognition that phenotypic plasticity is a property of organisms that can evolve. Still contentious is the form of that evolution.
Reason
Authors: Turner Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AT THE May 1997 conference on the future of social science held in the Institute for Advanced Study’s Wolfensohn Hall, a sociologist from Harvard, Orlando Patterson, while reading his paper (all of the conference presentations, three days of them, consisted of scholars reading papers from a podium onstage) remarked pointedly that he would like to present some socioeconomic evidence but could not, because to do so would require “the use of”—he paused to get our attention, then finished with ironic disdain—”an overhead projector.” His message was unmistakable. The conference, in its style, was a living dis¬ play of interpretive social science’s rejection of the trappings, and maybe some of the principles, of science—graphs, charts, statistics, regression analysis, theorems. When Albert O. Hirschman, the economist in the School of Social Science, spoke in Wolfensohn Hall as part of a faculty lecture series, he stood at the podium and read a paper on commensality. When, in the same series, Edward Witten, a mathematical physicist, gave his lecture on string theory, he worked through an exhaustive set of overhead projections, each filled with diagrams and equations.
Choice
Authors: Turner Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
COGNITIVE science, allied with precursor and tributary traditions—psychology, philosophy of mind, interpretive anthropology, rhetoric—thinks it has something to say, useful if embryonic, about principles of human reason and choice. So, too, do economics and political science, lately with increased confidence. The rise in economics and political science of research programs for modeling decision and judgment—viewed as causes of action, on the assumptions of greed, rationality, and equilibrium—has created a social scientific armada parallel to cognitive science in its interest in reason and choice.
Physician-Patient Communication
Authors: Hall Judith A , Roter Debra L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everyone who has been a medical patient—and of course this is everyone—knows that interactions with physicians can be rewarding and productive, but often such interactions are upsetting and frustrating. Patients who are sick are worried or uncomfortable, and even if they are not sick (as at a checkup visit) they are often aggravated by the inconvenience of going, waiting, and talking to the doctor. Encounters with doctors are highly charged, and patients often remember—and recount for family and friends—every word exchanged at important moments in the medical visit. Patients also remember, usually too late, things they wished they or the doctor had talked about. Patients’ focus on how they communicate with their doctor should not, of course, be a surprise considering that most of what doctors and patients do is talk. However, the medical profession has come rather slowly to a full awareness of the centrality of talk, and of communication more broadly, to the practice of medicine.
The Que/Qui Alternation and the Distribution of Expletives
Authors: Taraldsen Knut Tarald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are various conceptual and empirical reasons to be dissatisfied with the analysis of qui as an agreeing C as well as with Rizzi’s theory of formal licensing of traces. For example, que, being invariant and incompatible with a following subject, lacks the characteristic morphosyntactic properties of agreeing C in Germanic. And there is an alternative account of (1)-(2), essentially for free, that explains all properties of qui and is consistent with theories of trace-licensing where agreeing C plays no role.
Preparation of Gametes, in Vitro Maturation, in Vitro Fertilization, and Embryo Recovery and Transfer
Authors: Lane Michelle , Gardner David K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conditions used for the collection and manipulation of gametes and/or embryos has a significant impact on the subsequent developmental potential of the embryo. It is therefore essential when handling gametes/embryos that factors such as temperature, pH, medium composition, and so forth, are always optimized during collection and handling of embryos to minimize stress. For example, mammalian oocytes and embryos should never be exposed to a medium lacking amino acids (see below). This care to minimize stress is necessary if the handling period is for a very short time (less than 5 min) or chronic (several hours), as the developmental competence of the embryos can be affected. Whether the final outcome of an experiment is to produce live young or measure the physiology or genetic make up of an embryo, the conditions that the embryo is exposed to during the manipulation period are crucial.
A Life Of Sir Francis Galton
Authors: Gillham Nicholas Wright 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few scientists have made lasting contributions to as many fields as Francis Galton. He was an important African explorer, travel writer, and geographer. He was the meteorologist who discovered the anticyclone, a pioneer in using fingerprints to identify individuals, the inventor of regression and correlation analysis in statistics, and the founder of the eugenics movement. Now, Nicholas Gillham paints an engaging portrait of this Victorian polymath. The book traces Galton’s ancestry (he was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin and the cousin of Charles Darwin), upbringing, training as a medical apprentice, and experience as a Cambridge undergraduate. It recounts in colorful detail Galton’s adventures as leader of his own expedition in Namibia. Darwin was always a strong influence on his cousin and a turning point in Galton’s life was the publication of the Origin of Species. Thereafter, Galton devoted most of his life to human heredity, using then novel methods such as pedigree analysis and twin studies to argue that talent and character were inherited and that humans could be selectively bred to enhance these qualities. To this end, he founded the eugenics movement which rapidly gained momentum early in the last century. After Galton’s death, however, eugenics took a more sinister path, as in the United States, where by 1913 sixteen states had involuntary sterilization laws, and in Germany, where the goal of racial purity was pushed to its horrific limit in the “final solution.” Galton himself, Gillham writes, would have been appalled by the extremes to which eugenics was carried. Here then is a vibrant biography of a remarkable scientist as well as a superb portrait of science in the Victorian era.
Biological Diversity
Authors: Hey Jody 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We now return to more conventional biological turf to develop some appreciation for the way that biological diversity might really be, out in nature, a Part and independent of our perception of it. With biological diversity, I refer simply to variation, both phenotypic and genotypic, that occurs among organisms. At the outset of this inquiry, I must emphasize that our immediate goal is not a definition of species, and it is not a method for identifying species. Others have undertaken these tasks head-on and despite insights and successes on various fronts, the species problem still thrives. Instead we will proceed as we did with language. Just as we approached language from a distance, in order to avoid assumptions about the reality of references, we will also approach biological diversity from a distance. We do not need to assume that species exist—that the usual starting point of “What are species? ” has any kind of straightforward answer—to try to understand patterns of biological diversity.