bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new role of the Arabidopsis SEPALLATA3 gene revealed by its constitutive expression
Authors: Castillejo Cristina , Romera‐Branchat Maida , Pelaz Soraya 
Published: July 2005

SummaryDuring Arabidopsis flower development a set of homeotic genes plays a central role in specifying the distinct floral organs of the four whorls, sepals in the outermost whorl, and petals, stamens, and carpels in the sequentially inner whorls. The current model for the identity of the floral organs includes the SEPALLATA genes that act in combination with the A, B and C genes for the specification of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. According to this new model, the floral organ identity proteins would form different complexes of proteins for the activation of the downstream genes. We show that the presence of SEPALLATA proteins is needed to activate the AG downstream gene SHATTERPROOF2, and that SEPALLATA4 alone does not provide with enough SEPALLATA activity for the complex to be functional. Our results suggest that CAULIFLOWER may be part of the protein complex responsible for petal development and that it is fully required in the absence of APETALA1 in 35S::SEP3 plants. In addition, genetic and molecular experiments using plants constitutively expressing SEPALLATA3 revealed a new role of SEPALLATA3 in activating other B and C function genes. We molecularly prove that the ectopic expression of SEPALLATA3 is sufficient to ectopically activate APETALA3 and AGAMOUS. Remarkably, plants that constitutively express both SEPALLATA3 and LEAFY developed ectopic petals, carpels and ovules outside of the floral context.
Identification of QTLs for domestication‐related and agronomic traits in an Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon BC1F7 population
Authors: Lee S.‐J. , Oh C.‐S. , Suh J.‐P. , McCouch S. R. , Ahn S.‐N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAsian cultivated rice was domesticated from the wild rice, Oryza rufipogon and throughout the domestication process, a wide range of morphological and physiological changes altered the ancestral form. This study was conducted to identify the genetic basis of changes associated with the domestication process. An recombinant Inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 120 lines was developed from a cross between the Juponica cultivar.‘Hwayeongbyeo’and a presumed wild progenitor. O. rufipogon Griff. Acc.01944. The population was genotyped with 124 simple sequence length repeat (SSR) markers, providing an average interval size of 15 cM, and also evaluated for 20 traits related to domestication and agricultural performance. A total of 63 quantitative trait locus (QTLs) and one locus associated with qualitative variation for pericarp coloration were identified using single point and composite interval analysis. The number of QTLs per trait ranged from one to seven. Phenotypic variation associated with each QTL ranged from 3.7 to 40.4%. with an average of 15.3%. The results indicated that most domestication‐related traits clustered in chromosomal blocks, and the positions of many of these clusters were consistent with those reported in previous studies and with skewed segregation ratios in these BC1,F7 RILs. For 13 (20.6%) of the QTLs identified in this study. the O. rufipogan ‐derived allele contributed a desirable agronomic effect despite the overall undesirable characteristics of the wild phenotype. Favourable alleles from O. rufipogan were detected for panicle length, spikelets per panicle, days to heading and leaf discoloration associated with cold stress. When compared with previous studies involving interspecific crosses, it can be concluded that O. rufipogon is useful as a source of valuable alleles for rice improvement and that many of the introgressed regions contain genes that have a favourable impact on phenotype in different genetic backgrounds and different environments.
Changes in the meiotic pairing behaviour of a winter wheat‐winter barley hybrid maintained for a long term in tissue culture, and tracing the barley chromatin in the progeny using GISH and SSR markers
Authors: Molnár‐Lánci M. , Novotny C. , Linc G. , Naoy E. D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to produce backcross progenies in a new winter wheat (‘Asakaze komugi’) × winter barley (‘Manas’) hybrid produced in Martonvasar. As no backcross seeds were obtained from the initial hybrids, young inflorescences of the hybrids were used for in vitro multiplication in three consecutive cycles until a backcross progeny was developed. The chromosome constitution of the regenerated hybrids was analysed using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) after each in vitro multiplication cycle. The seven barley chromosomes were present even after the third in vitro multiplication cycle but abnormalities were observed. Sixteen BC; plants containing, according to GfSH analysis, one to three complete barley chromosomes, two deletion barley chromosomes and a dicentric wheat‐barley translocation were grown to maturity from the single backcross progeny. The barley chromatin was identified using 20 chromosome‐specific barley SSR markers. All seven barley chromosomes were represented in the BC: plants. A deletion breakpoint at FL ±0,3 on the 5HL chromosome arm facilitated the physical localization of microsatellite markers.
The clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus: Lower respiratory tract infection after upper respiratory tract infection due to influenza virus
Authors: Nishimura Nozomi , Nishio Hisahide , Lee Myeong Jin , Uemura Kanjiro 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Background
: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus are the primary pathogens of respiratory tract infection. However, epidemics of influenza virus infection have been observed to interrupt RSV epidemics (termed an epidemiological interference effect).
Methods
: At a clinic in Tsuna county, Hyogo prefecture, Japan, a total of 1262 outpatients under 6 years of age with lower respiratory tract infection due to RSV (RSV‐LRTI) and upper respiratory tract infection due to influenza virus (FLU‐URTI) in three successive winter seasons (1999–2000, 2000–2001 and 2001–2002) were analyzed.
Results
: The RSV‐LRTI epidemic and FLU‐URTI epidemic overlapped in each season, but the RSV‐LRTI epidemic peak preceded that of the FLU‐URTI epidemic. Epidemiological interference between RSV and influenza virus was observed in the second and third season; the number of patients with RSV‐LRTI began to decrease after the start of the FLU‐URTI epidemic and recovered to some extent after the FLU‐URTI epidemic passed its peak. There were no differences in onset age, male‐to‐female ratio and severity of RSV‐LRTI in outpatients before and after the start of the FLU‐URTI epidemic in all the three seasons.
Conclusion
: An epidemiological interference between RSV and influenza virus was observed in Tsuna county in two of the three winter seasons. However, there was no difference between the clinical features of the patients with RSV‐LRTI before and after the start of the influenza virus infection epidemic. The data suggest that the clinical severity of RSV infection is not changed by the epidemiological interference effect of influenza virus infection epidemics.
Regulated expression of endothelial lipase by porcine brain capillary endothelial cells constituting the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Sovic Andrea , Panzenboeck Ute , Wintersperger Andrea , Kratzer Ingrid , Hammer Astrid , Levak‐Frank Sanja , Frank Sasa , Rader Daniel J. , Malle Ernst , Sattler Wolfgang 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNormal neurological function depends on a constant supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the brain. A considerable proportion of essential fatty acids originates from lipoprotein‐associated lipids that undergo uptake and/or catabolism at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This study aimed at identifying expression and regulation of endothelial lipase (EL) in brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC), major constituents of the BBB. Our results revealed that BCEC are capable of EL synthesis and secretion. Overexpression of EL resulted in enhanced hydrolysis of extracellular high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated sn‐2‐labeled [14C]20 : 4 phosphatidylcholine. [14C]20 : 4 was recovered in cellular lipids, indicating re‐uptake and intracellular re‐esterification. To investigate local regulation of EL in the cerebrovasculature, BCEC were cultured in the presence of peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)‐ and liver X receptor (LXR)‐agonists, known to regulate HDL levels. These experiments revealed that 24(S)OH‐cholesterol (a LXR agonist), bezafibrate (a PPARα agonist), or pioglitazone (a PPARγ agonist) resulted in down‐regulation of EL mRNA and protein levels. Our findings implicate that EL could generate fatty acids at the BBB for transport to deeper regions of the brain as building blocks for membrane phospholipids. In addition PPAR and LXR agonists appear to contribute to HDL homeostasis at the BBB by regulating EL expression.
Serotonin 5‐HT1Areceptor blockade enhances Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II function and membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits in the rat hippocampus: implications for memory formation
Authors: Schiapparelli Lucio , Del Río Joaquín , Frechilla Diana 
Published: July 2005

AbstractStimulation of hippocampal 5‐HT1Areceptors impairs memory retention. The highly selective 5‐HT1Aantagonist, WAY‐100635, prevents the cognitive deficits induced not only by 5‐HT1Astimulation but also by cholinergic or NMDA receptor blockade. On this basis, the effects of WAY‐100635 on molecular events associated with memory storage were explored. In rat hippocampus, WAY‐100635 produced a rapid increase in phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and in Ca2+‐independent CaMKII and protein kinase A (PKA) enzyme activity. This increase was followed a few hours later by an enhanced membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits, especially of the GluR1 subunit phosphorylated at the CaMKII site, pGluR1(Ser831). The same qualitative effects were found with the weaker 5‐HT1Aantagonist NAN‐190. The effects of both antagonists were no longer apparent in rats with a previous 5‐HT depletion induced by the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitorp‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), suggesting that 5‐HT1Areceptor blockade removes the tonic inhibition of 5‐HT through 5‐HT1Areceptor stimulation on excitatory hippocampal neurons, with the consequent increase in PKA activity. In addition, administration of WAY‐100635 potentiated the learning‐specific increase in the hippocampus of phospho‐CaMKII, Ca2+‐independent CaMKII activity, as well as the phosphorylation of either the CaMKII or the PKA site on the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit. This study suggests that blockade of hippocampal 5‐HT1Areceptors favours molecular events critically involved in memory formation, and provides anin vivomolecular basis for the proposed utility of 5‐HT1Areceptor antagonists in the treatment of cognitive disorders.
Gap junction blockage limits intercellular spreading of astrocytic apoptosis induced by metabolic depression
Authors: Nodin Christina , Nilsson Michael , Blomstrand Fredrik 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAstrocytes are highly coupled by gap junction channels, which allow transfer of intracellular signalling molecules and metabolites between connected cells. Astrocytic gap junctions remain open during ischemic conditions as previously demonstrated in vitro and in situ. In this study, we investigated the effect of gap junction blockage on iodoacetate‐induced ATP depression and cell death progression in astrocytes in primary rat hippocampal cultures. We demonstrated that blockage of gap junctions during iodoacetate‐induced inhibition of the glycolysis induced an earlier onset of the ATP depression. Moreover, initiation of apoptotic processes, demonstrated by binding of Annexin V, was critically dependent on the ATP levels. The apoptotic event was also shown to spread and involve neighbouring cells, a process that was inhibited by blockage of gap junction communication. Chelating intracellular calcium using BAPTA‐AM decelerated the iodoacetate‐induced ATP depression. The chelation also decelerated the spreading of apoptotic processes. Inhibition of caspases did not alter the expansion of cell groups being Annexin V positive. However, the proportion of Annexin V positive cells also being propidium iodide positive was increased after caspase inhibition. The results show that inhibition of gap junctions during cellular metabolic depression interferes with the metabolic status and cell death progression in astrocytes.
Probing the infiltrating character of brain tumors: inhibition of RhoA/ROK‐mediated CD44 cell surface shedding from glioma cells by the green tea catechin EGCg
Authors: Annabi Borhane , Bouzeghrane Mounia , Moumdjian Robert , Moghrabi Albert , Béliveau Richard 
Published: July 2005

AbstractGlioma cell‐surface binding to hyaluronan (HA), a major constituent of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) environment, is regulated through a complex membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP)/CD44/caveolin interaction that takes place at the leading edges of invading cells. In the present study, intracellular transduction pathways required for the HA‐mediated recognition by infiltrating glioma cells in brain was investigated. We show that the overexpression of the GTPase RhoA up‐regulated MT1‐MMP expression and triggered CD44 shedding from the U‐87 glioma cell surface. This potential implication in cerebral metastatic processes was also observed in cells overexpressing the full‐length recombinant MT1‐MMP, while the overexpression of a cytoplasmic domain truncated from of MT1‐MMP failed to do so. This suggests that the cytoplasmic domain of MT1‐MMP transduces intracellular signaling leading to RhoA‐mediated CD44 shedding. Treatment of glioma cells with the Rho‐kinase (ROK) inhibitor Y27632, or with EGCg, a green tea catechin with anti‐MMP and anti‐angiogenesis activities, antagonized both RhoA‐ and MT1‐MMP‐induced CD44 shedding. Conversely, overexpression of recombinant ROK stimulated CD44 release. Taken together, our results suggest that RhoA/ROK intracellular signaling regulates MT1‐MMP‐mediated CD44 recognition of HA. These molecular processes may partly explain the diffuse brain‐infiltrating character of glioma cells within the surrounding parenchyma and thus be a target for new approaches to anti‐tumor therapy.
Blockade of L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel inhibits ischemia‐induced neurogenesis by down‐regulating iNOS expression in adult mouse
Authors: Luo Chun Xia , Zhu Xin Jian , Zhang Ai Xia , Wang Wei , Yang Xiao Min , Liu Shu Hong , Han Xiao , Sun Jin , Zhang Shu Gang , Lu YouMing , Zhu Dong Ya 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNeurogenesis in the adult mammalian hippocampus may contribute to repairing the brain after injury. The signals that regulate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus following ischemic stroke insult are not well known. We have previously reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is necessary for ischemia‐stimulated neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Here, we show that mice subjected to 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) significantly increased the number of new neurons and up‐regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus. Blockade of the L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel (L‐VGCC) prevented neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ), and down‐regulated iNOS expression in the dentate gyrus after cerebral ischemia. This study suggests that Ca2+ influx through L‐VGCC is involved in ischemia‐induced neurogenesis by up‐regulating iNOS expression.
Extracellular matrix remodeling in oral submucous fibrosis: its stage‐specific modes revealed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization
Authors: Utsunomiya Hiroko , Tilakaratne Wanninayake M. , Oshiro Kazufumi , Maruyama Satoshi , Suzuki Makoto , Ida‐Yonemochi Hiroko , Cheng Jun , Saku Takashi 
Published: July 2005

Background:  Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chewing habit‐related pre‐cancerous condition of the oral mucosa affecting predominantly south Asians. It is histopathologically characterized by epithelial atrophy and fibrosis of the subepithelial connective tissue. Fibrosis extends all the way into the muscle layer, leading to difficulty in mouth opening. However, the dynamics of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling with OSF progression is largely unknown.Methods:  Forty biopsy specimens of OSF and 10 of normal buccal mucosa were examined for expression/deposition modes of eight ECM molecules by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization.Results:  In the early stage of OSF, tenascin, perlecan, fibronectin, collagen type III were characteristically enhanced in the lamina propria and the submucosal layer. In the intermediate stage, the ECM molecules mentioned above and elastin were extensively and irregularly deposited around muscle fibers. In the advanced stage, such ECM depositions decreased and were entirely replaced with collagen type I only. Their gene expression levels varied with progression of fibrosis, but the mRNA signals were confirmed in fibroblasts in the submucosal fibrotic areas.Conclusions:  The results indicate that the ECM remodeling steps in OSF are similar to each phase of usual granulation tissue formation. Restricted mouth opening may be a result of loss of variety of ECM molecules including elastin into the homogeneity of collagen type I replacing muscle fibers.
Late effects of chronic graft‐vs.‐host disease in minor salivary glands
Authors: Alborghetti M. R. , Corrêa M. E. P. , Adam R. L. , Metze K. , Coracin F. L. , de Souza C. A. , Cintra M. L. 
Published: July 2005

Background:  The established pathologic criteria for minor salivary gland (MSG) involvement in chronic graft‐vs.‐host disease (cGVHD) could play a role in monitoring response to therapy.Methods:  We evaluated MSG sequential biopsies during cGVHD therapy in 14 allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients. Nine patients that did not develop GVHD after BMT entered the control group. Biopsies were examined using hematoxylin‐eosin, Periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and leukocyte common antigen staining.Results:  A significant loss of PAS+ acinar volume was observed at the diagnosis of cGVHD as much as at the end of treatment when compared with the control group. In the second evaluation, the inflammatory infiltrate was still greater than control group.Conclusions:  The results suggest that persistent xerostomia after cGVHD treatment is because of maintenance of lymphocytic infiltrate and consequent absence of MSG secretory unit recovery. This data may be useful to provide improved insight into the histopathology of this organ involvement.
Pemphigus mimicking aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Femiano Felice , Gombos Fernando , Nunziata Monica , Esposito Vincenzo , Scully Crispian 
Published: July 2005

Background:  The aim of this report is to highlight the case that pemphigus vulgaris (PV) may mimic aphthous stomatitis. Pemphigus classically causes persistent oral ulceration.Methods and results:  We report five patients from southern Europe, who presented with recurrent oral ulceration mimicking aphthous stomatitis, but who proved by histology, immunostaining and antibodies against epithelial intercellular substance to have PV.Conclusion:  It is advisable to assay antibodies against desmoglein 3 in patients who appear to suffer recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) with atypical ulceration for location and in adulthood.
Nonconventional and new methods in the diagnosis of tuberculosis: feasibility and applicability in the field
Authors: Palomino J. C. 
Published: July 2005

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major causes of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. Of great concern for TB control is the emergence of drug resistance. Since there is no cure for some multidrug-resistant strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis, there is concern that they may spread around the world, stressing the need for additional control measures, such as new diagnostics, better drugs for treatment, and a more effective vaccine.Pulmonary TB can be diagnosed by its symptoms, chest radiography, sputum smear microscopy and by cultivation ofM. tuberculosis, which is considered as the gold standard. Recent advances in molecular biology and molecular epidemiology, and a better understanding of the molecular basis of drug resistance in TB, have provided new tools for rapid diagnosis; however, the high cost of most of these techniques, and their requirement for sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel have precluded their implementation on a routine basis, especially in low-income countries.Other nonconventional diagnostic approaches proposed include the search for biochemical markers, detection of immunological response and early detection ofM. tuberculosisby methods other than colony counting.In the present article, some of these approaches will be reviewed and the feasibility for their implementation in diagnostic laboratories will be discussed.
Combination aerosol therapy to treatBurkholderia cepaciacomplex: Fig. 1—
Authors: Middleton P. G. , Kidd T. J. , Williams B. 
Published: July 2005

Burkholderia cepaciainfection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, yet no definitive treatment is currently available. This report describes a new approach to treatB. cepaciainfection in CF patients, using a combination of amiloride and tobramycin aerosols.Four adults with the typical clinical syndrome of CF were recruited after repeated positive sputum cultures forB. cepacia. Aerosols of amiloride and tobramycin were given three times daily for 1–6 months, and repeated sputum cultures were collected to assess efficacy.Three of the four patients treated with the combined therapy eradicatedB. cepaciafrom their sputum cultures for at least 2 yrs, and there were no adverse events.This novel combination may provide a new therapeutic option forBurkholderia cepaciainfections. Furthermore, the strategy of combining antibiotics with ion transport agents may have ramifications for the treatment of other multi-resistant organisms.
Comparison of tiotropium once daily, formoterol twice daily and both combined once daily in patients with COPD
Authors: van Noord J. A. , Aumann J-L. , Janssens E. , Smeets J. J. , Verhaert J. , Disse B. , Mueller A. , Cornelissen P. J. G. 
Published: July 2005

This study compared the bronchodilator effects of tiotropium, formoterol and both combined in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).A total of 71 COPD patients (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 37% predicted) participated in a randomised, double-blind, three-way, crossover study and received tiotropium 18 μgq.d., formoterol 12 μgb.i.d.or both combinedq.d.for three 6-week periods. The end-points were 24-h spirometry (FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC)) at the end of each treatment, rescue salbutamol and safety.Compared with baseline (FEV1prior to the first dose in the first period), tiotropium produced a significantly greater improvement in average daytime FEV1(0–12 h) than formoterol (127versus86 mL), while average night-time FEV1(12–24 h) was not different (tiotropium 43 mL, formoterol 38 mL). The most pronounced effects were provided by combination therapy (daytime 234 mL, night-time 86 mL); both differed significantly from single-agent therapies. Changes in FVC mirrored the FEV1results. Compared with both single agents, daytime salbutamol use was significantly lower during combination therapy (tiotropium plus formoterol 1.81 puffs·day−1, tiotropium 2.41 puffs·day−1, formoterol 2.37 puffs·day−1). All treatments were well tolerated.In conclusion, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, tiotropiumq.d.achieved a greater improvement in daytime and comparable improvement in night-time lung function compared with formoterolb.i.d.A combination of both drugsq.d.was most effective and provided an additive effect throughout the 24-h dosing interval.