bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and activity study of Ruoqiang jujube polysaccharide copper chelate
Authors: Moheteer Aierpati , Li Jianlong , Abulikemu Xireli , Lakho Shakeel Ahmed , Meng Yan , Zhang Jiayi , Khand Faiz Muhammad , Leghari Ambreen , Abula Saifuding , Guo Qingyong , Liu Dandan , Mai Zhanhai , Tuersong Waresi , Wusiman Adelijiang 
Published: January 2024

Background: Polysaccharide metal chelate exhibit both immunoregulatory activity and metal element supplementation effects.Methods: In this study, Ruoqiang jujube polysaccharide copper chelate (RJP-Cu) was prepared and the preparation conditions were optimized using the response surface method. Subsequently, RJP-Cu was administered to lambs to evaluate its impact on growth performance, copper ion (Cu2+) supplementation, immune enhancement, and intestinal flora was evaluated.Results: The results indicated that optimal RJP-Cu chelation conditions included a sodium citrate content of 0.5 g, a reaction temperature of 50°C, and a solution pH of 8.0, resulting in a Cu2+ concentration of 583°mg/kg in RJP-Cu. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant structural changes in RJP before and after chelation. RJP-Cu displaying characteristic peaks of both polysaccharides and Cu2+ chelates. Blood routine indexes showed no significant differences among the RJP-Cu-High dose group (RJP-Cu-H), RJP-Cu-Medium dose group (RJP-Cu-M), RJP-Cu-low dose group (RJP-Cu-L) and the control group (p &gt; 0.05). However, compared with the control group, the RJP-Cu-H, M, and L dose groups significantly enhanced lamb production performance (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, RJP-Cu-H, M, and L dose groups significantly increased serum Cu2+ concentration, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) contents compared with control group (p &lt; 0.05). The RJP-Cu-H group exhibited significant increases in serum IgA and IgG antibodies, as well as the secretion of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-α compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, RJP-Cu-H group increased the species abundance of lamb intestinal microbiota, abundance and quantity of beneficial bacteria, and decrease the abundance and quantity of harmful bacteria. The RJP-Cu-H led to the promotion of the synthesis of various Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), improvements in atrazine degradation and clavulanic acid biosynthesis in lambs, while reducing cell apoptosis and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.Conclusion: Thus, these findings demonstrate that RJP-Cu, as a metal chelate, could effectively promote lamb growth performance, increase Cu2+ content, and potentially induce positive immunomodulatory effects by regulating antioxidant enzymes, antibodies, cytokines, intestinal flora, and related metabolic pathways.
Data-limited and imbalanced bladder wall segmentation with confidence map-guided residual networks via transfer learning
Authors: Wang Mingqing , Yang Ruijie 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To develop an algorithm using a residual base network guided by the confidence map and transfer learning for limited dataset size and imbalanced bladder wall segmentation.Methods: The geometric transformation was made to the training data for data augmentation, and a pre-trained Resnet50 model on ImageNet was also adopted for transfer learning. Three loss functions were put into the pre-trained Resnet50 network, they are the cross-entropy loss function (CELF), the generalized Dice loss function (GDLF) and the Tversky loss function (TLF). Three models were obtained through training, and three corresponding confidence maps were output after entering a new image. By selecting the point with the maximum confidence values at the corresponding position, we merged the three images into one figure, performed threshold filtering to avoid external anomalies, and finally obtained the segmentation result.Results: The average Jaccard similarity coefficient of model training based on the CELF, GDLF and TLF is 0.9173, 0.8355, 0.8757, respectively, and the average Jaccard similarity coefficient of our algorithm can be achieved at 0.9282. In contrast, the classical 2D U-Net algorithm can only achieve 0.518. We also qualitatively give the reasons for the improvement of model performance.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that a confidence map-assisted residual base network can accurately segment bladder walls on a limited-size data set. Compared with the segmentation results of each model alone, our method originally improves the accuracy of the segmentation results by combining confidence map guidance with threshold filtering.
Integration of genome-wide association studies, metabolomics, and transcriptomics reveals phenolic acid- and flavonoid-associated genes and their regulatory elements under drought stress in rapeseed flowers
Authors: Salami Maryam , Heidari Bahram , Batley Jacqueline , Wang Jin , Tan Xiao-Li , Richards Christopher , Tan Helin 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionBiochemical and metabolic processes help plants tolerate the adverse effects of drought. In plants accumulating bioactive compounds, understanding the genetic control of the biosynthesis of biochemical pathways helps the discovery of candidate gene (CG)–metabolite relationships.MethodsThe metabolic profile of flowers in 119 rapeseed (Brassica napus) accessions was assessed over two irrigation treatments, one a well-watered (WW) condition and the other a drought stress (DS) regime. We integrated information gained from 52,157 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, metabolites, and transcriptomes to identify linked SNPs and CGs responsible for the genetic control of flower phenolic compounds and regulatory elements.ResultsIn a genome-wide association study (GWAS), of the SNPs tested, 29,310 SNPs were qualified to assess the population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD), of which several SNPs for radical scavenging activity (RSA) and total flavanol content (TFLC) were common between the two irrigation conditions and pleiotropic SNPs were found for chlorogenic and coumaric acids content. The principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression showed that chlorogenic acid and epicatechin in WW and myricetin in DS conditions were the most important components for RSA. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that vanillic acid, myricetin, gallic acid, and catechin were closely associated in both irrigation conditions. Analysis of GWAS showed that 60 CGs were identified, of which 18 were involved in stress-induced pathways, phenylpropanoid pathway, and flavonoid modifications. Of the CGs, PAL1, CHI, UGT89B1, FLS3, CCR1, and CYP75B137 contributed to flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. The results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that the transcript levels of PAL, CHI, and CYP75B137 known as early flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and FLS3, CCR1, and UGT89B1 related to the later stages were increased during drought conditions. The transcription factors (TFs) NAC035 and ERF119 related to flavonoids and phenolic acids were upregulated under drought conditions.DiscussionThese findings expand our knowledge on the response mechanisms to DS, particularly regarding the regulation of key phenolic biosynthetic genes in rapeseed. Our data also provided specific linked SNPs for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs and CGs as resources toward realizing metabolomics-associated breeding of rapeseed.
A dual-factor model perspective on depressed inpatients: examining the dynamics of mental health and therapy outcomes
Authors: Brailovskaia Julia , von Brachel Ruth , van Hall Franziska , Teismann Tobias , Hirschfeld Gerrit , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe dual-factor model of mental health posits that mental health and mental illness constitute two distinct axes; accordingly the model identifies four mental health groups: (1) complete mental health, (2) troubled, (3) vulnerable, (4) symptomatic but content. Yet, only a few studies investigated effectiveness of therapy on both dimensions of mental health simultaneously. Against this background, the present study aimed to determine proportions and changes of group assignments in depressed inpatients undergoing therapy.MethodN = 1,044 depressed inpatients (age in years: M = 53.36, SD = 9.81, range: 17–83) completed a pre- and a post-treatment survey including questionnaires on depression, anxiety, and positive mental health. A total of n = 328 persons completed the survey also at 6-month and 12-month follow-up assessments.ResultsIn the classification that included depression symptoms and positive mental health, 49% of the participants were classified as troubled and 13.2% were classified as completely mentally healthy at the pre-treatment assessment. At the post-treatment, 9.5% were classified as troubled and 55.7% were classified as completely mentally healthy. In the classification that included anxiety symptoms and positive mental health, 21.9% of the participants were classified as troubled and 14.2% were classified as completely mentally healthy at the pre-treatment assessment. At the post-treatment, 3.7% were classified as troubled and 56.1% were classified as completely mentally healthy. About 10 to 20% of patients showed an improvement in depression/anxiety and positive mental health, whereas another 10 to 20% showed a reduction in depression/anxiety, but only a minor increase in positive mental health between pre- and post-treatment.ConclusionFindings are in line with past research inspired by the dual-factor model in showing that enhancing positive mental health and alleviating psychopathology do not always co-occur in treatment. It is therefore important to implement measures of both psychopathology and positive mental health in therapy outcome studies, and to promote interventions targeting both psychopathology and positive mental health.
Students' mental health during the pandemic: results of the observational cross-sectional COVID-19 MEntal health inTernational for university Students (COMET-S) study
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N. , Alias Nor Aziah , Bjedov Sarah , Fountoulakis Nikolaos K. , Gonda Xenia , Hilbig Jan , Jakovljević Miro , Kulig Barbara , Mahale Girija , Manafis Alexandros , Mohammed Muftau , Nadareishvili Ilia , Navickas Alvydas , Patsali Mikaella E. , Pavlichenko Alexey , Pilaga Sindija Mairita , Razali Salmi , Romanov Dmitry , Rossitza Iakimova , Salihu Auwal Sani , Sinauridze Ana , Stoyanova Maria , Thosar Ketaki , Vorobjova Julija , Vrublevska Jelena , Rancans Elmars , Javed Afzal , Theodorakis Pavlos N. , Breda Joao , Smirnova Daria 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to search rates of depression and mental health in university students, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsThis is an observational cross-sectional study. A protocol gathering sociodemographic variables as well as depression, anxiety and suicidality and conspiracism was assembled, and data were collected anonymously and online from April 2020 through March 2021. The sample included 12,488 subjects from 11 countries, of whom 9,026 were females (72.2%; aged 21.11 ± 2.53), 3,329 males (26.65%; aged 21.61 ± 2.81) and 133 “non-binary gender” (1.06%; aged 21.02 ± 2.98). The analysis included chi-square tests, correlation analysis, ANCOVA, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analysis and Relative Risk ratios.ResultsDysphoria was present in 15.66% and probable depression in 25.81% of the total study sample. More than half reported increase in anxiety and depression and 6.34% in suicidality, while lifestyle changes were significant. The model developed explained 18.4% of the development of depression. Believing in conspiracy theories manifested a complex effect. Close to 25% was believing that the vaccines include a chip and almost 40% suggested that facemask wearing could be a method of socio-political control. Conspiracism was related to current depression but not to history of mental disorders.DiscussionThe current study reports that students are at high risk for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified specific risk factors. It also suggested a role of believing in conspiracy theories. Further research is important, as it is targeted intervention in students' groups that are vulnerable both concerning mental health and conspiracism.
Mental health and Multiracial/ethnic adults in the United States: a mixed methods participatory action investigation
Authors: Shaff Jaimie , Wang Xinzi , Cubbage Janel , Bandara Sachini , Wilcox Holly C. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAddressing gaps in the integration of justice, diversity, equity, and inclusion (J-DEI) in public health research and practice, this study investigates the mental health of Multiracial and multiethnic adults in the United States (U.S.). A rapidly growing racial/ethnic group in the U.S., Multiracial and multiethnic populations are often excluded or underrepresented in standard public health research and practice, and little is known about their mental health or associated risk and protective factors.MethodsTo investigate this knowledge gap, an electronic cross-sectional survey was conducted in two waves in 2022, pulling from various community sources, with 1,359 respondents in total. Complementing this, seventeen semi-structured interviews were performed with a subset of survey participants. Data were analyzed using a mix of statistical methods and staged hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis.ResultsFindings indicate over half of the participants endorsed at least one mental health concern with prevalence of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors surpassing available national estimates. Exposure to trauma, discrimination, and microaggressions were found to play a significant role in these outcomes. Conversely, strong social support and strong ethnic identity emerged as protective factors. Qualitative insights brought forward the challenges faced by individuals in navigating bias and stigma, especially in the context of mental health care. Despite these barriers, emerging themes highlighted resilience, the importance of secure identity formation, and the critical role of community and cultural support.ConclusionsThe marked prevalence of mental health concerns among Multiracial and multiethnic populations emphasizes the pressing need for tailored interventions and inclusive research methodologies. Recognizing and addressing the unique challenges faced by these communities is imperative in driving mental health equity in the U.S. The findings advocate for community-engaged practices, interdisciplinary collaborations, and the importance of addressing mental health challenges with cultural sensitivity, particularly in historically oppressed and marginalized groups. Future efforts must focus on refining these practices, ensuring that public health initiatives are genuinely inclusive and equitable.
The relationship between individual-level socioeconomic status and preference for medical service in primary health institutions: a cross-sectional study in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Miao Chunxia , Fang Xin , Sun Hong , Yin Yani , Li Bo , Shen Wenxing , Chen Jie , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundWhile China's primary health care (PHC) system covers all citizens, the use of medical services supplied by primary health institutions (PHIs) is not at ideal levels. This study explored the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on residents' first choice of medical services provided by PHIs.MethodsThis community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China, from October 2021 to March 2022. A custom-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate 4,257 adults, of whom 1,417 chose to visit a doctor when they were sick. Logistic regression was used to test the relationships among SES, other variables and the choice of medical services, and interaction effects were explored.ResultsA total of 1,417 subjects were included in this study (48.7% female; mean age 44.41 ± 17.1 years). The results showed that older age (p &lt; 0.01), rural residence (p &lt; 0.01), a preference for part-time medical experts in PHIs (p &lt; 0.01), and lack of coverage by basic medical insurance (p &lt; 0.05) were associated with the first choice to use PHIs. In the multiple logistic regression model, SES was not associated with the first choice of medical services supplied by PHIs (p &gt; 0.05), but it interacted with three variables from the Commission on Social Determinants of Health Framework (material circumstances, behaviors and biological factors, and psychosocial factors).ConclusionVulnerable individuals who are the target visitors to PHIs are older, live in rural areas, and suffer from chronic diseases. SES, as a single factor, did not impact whether medical services at PHIs were preferred, but it mediated relationships with other factors.
Health damage assessment of commuters and staff in the metro system based on field monitoring—A case study of Nanjing
Authors: Su Shu , Li Shuhao , Ding Yujie , Mao Peng , Chong Dan 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe metro has emerged as a major mode of transportation. A significant number of commuters and staff in the metro system are exposed to air pollutants because of its shielded environment, and substantial health damage requires quantitative assessment. Previous studies have focused on comparing the health impacts among different transportation modes, overlooking the specific population characteristics and pollutant distribution in metro systems.MethodsTo make improvements, this study implements field monitoring of the metro's air environment utilizing specialized instruments and develops a health damage assessment model. The model quantifies health damage of two main groups (commuters and staff) in metro systems at three different areas (station halls, platforms, and metro cabins) due to particulate matter 10 and benzene series pollution.ConclusionA case study of Nanjing Metro Line 3 was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the model. Health damage at different metro stations was analyzed, and the health damage of commuters and staff was assessed and compared. This study contributes to enhancing research on health damage in the metro systems by providing a reference for mitigation measures and guiding health subsidy policies.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss toward pregnancy loss
Authors: Mu Fangxiang , He Tianyu , Wang Kexin , Wang Fang 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveSelf-management is crucial in managing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This study explored the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with RPL toward RPL.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with RPL between January 2023 and June 2023 at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. Participants’ demographic characteristics and KAP were determined using a self-designed questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.818). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to observe the correlations among KAP and different factors.ResultsThis study analyzed 497 valid questionnaires. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 11.59 ± 4.30 (possible range: 0–20, 57.95%), 44.17 ± 3.18 (possible range: 13–65, 67.95%), and 32.39 ± 5.22 (possible range: 8–40, 80.98%), indicating poor knowledge, moderate attitude, and proactive practice. Age was non-linearly associated with the KAP dimensions, with a positive impact of age on KAP among those aged &lt;32 years old. Knowledge was directly influenced by education (β = 1.49, p &lt; 0.001) and income (β = 1.08, p &lt; 0.001). The attitude was directly influenced by knowledge (β = 0.25, p &lt; 0.001) and indirectly influenced by education (β = 0.37, p = 0.001) and income (β = 0.27, p &lt; 0.001). Practice was directly influenced by knowledge (β = 0.26, p &lt; 0.001), attitude (β = 0.28, p &lt; 0.001), and income (β = 0.68, p = 0.012), and indirectly influenced by knowledge (β = 0.07, p = 0.001), education (β = 0.59, p = 0.001), and income (β = 0.42, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionWomen with RPL in Lanzhou show poor knowledge, moderate attitude, and proactive practice toward RPL. This study identified specific KAP items that would require improvements. The study also identified categories of patients who would need more attention.
Epidemiological characteristics and prediction model construction of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Quzhou City, China, 2005–2022
Authors: Gao Qing , Wang Shuangqing , Wang Qi , Cao Guoping , Fang Chunfu , Zhan Bingdong 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is one of the 10 major infectious diseases that jeopardize human health and is distributed in more than 30 countries around the world. China is the country with the highest number of reported HFRS cases worldwide, accounting for 90% of global cases. The incidence level of HFRS in Quzhou is at the forefront of Zhejiang Province, and there is no specific treatment for it yet. Therefore, it is crucial to grasp the epidemiological characteristics of HFRS in Quzhou and establish a prediction model for HFRS to lay the foundation for early warning of HFRS.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of HFRS, the incidence map was drawn by ArcGIS software, the Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Prophet model were established by R software. Then, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to evaluate the fitting and prediction performances of the model.ResultsA total of 843 HFRS cases were reported in Quzhou City from 2005 to 2022, with the highest annual incidence rate in 2007 (3.93/100,000) and the lowest in 2022 (1.05/100,000) (P trend&lt;0.001). The incidence is distributed in a seasonal double-peak distribution, with the first peak from October to January and the second peak from May to July. The incidence rate in males (2.87/100,000) was significantly higher than in females (1.32/100,000). Farmers had the highest number of cases, accounting for 79.95% of the total number of cases. The incidence is high in the northwest of Quzhou City, with cases concentrated on cultivated land and artificial land. The RMSE and MAE values of the Prophet model are smaller than those of the SARIMA (1,0,1) (2,1,0)12 model.ConclusionFrom 2005 to 2022, the incidence of HFRS in Quzhou City showed an overall downward trend, but the epidemic in high-incidence areas was still serious. In the future, the dynamics of HFRS outbreaks and host animal surveillance should be continuously strengthened in combination with the Prophet model. During the peak season, HFRS vaccination and health education are promoted with farmers as the key groups.