bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoaminergic and peptidergic axonal projections to the vagal motor cell column of a teleost, the filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer
Authors: Funakoshi Kengo , Atobe Yoshitoshi , Nakano Masato , Hisajima Tatsuya , Goris Richard C. , Kishida Reiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an immunohistochemical study, the vagal motor nucleus of a teleost, the filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer, could be divided into a rostral part and a caudal part, and the former into a dorsolateral group and a ventromedial group. The dorsolateral group consisted of neurons immunoreactive for calcitonin gene‐related peptide, whereas the ventrolateral‐caudal group was negative for calcitonin gene‐related peptide. The latter group was retrogradely labeled after dextran amine injection to the visceral ramus of the vagus nerve, suggesting that it is a general visceral efferent column, made up of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, whereas the dorsolateral rostral group is a special visceral efferent column. In the general visceral efferent column, a dense concentration of nerve fibers immunoreactive for serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, cholecystokinin‐8, and substance P, and a small number of fibers immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y was observed. Perikarya in contact with varicose terminals immunoreactive for these substances were frequently seen. In contrast, in the special visceral efferent column, only a moderate concentration of neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive nerve fibers and a sparse distribution of fibers immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase were observed. Perikarya in contact with varicose terminals immunoreactive for these substances were rare. These results suggest that the vagal parasympathetic preganglionic neurons might receive multiple inputs of monoaminergic and peptidergic fibers involved in the regulation of the visceral organs. On the other hand, monoaminergic and peptidergic afferent fibers might be of much less significance in the activity of the special visceral efferent component of the vagus nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:351–365, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injury‐induced apoptosis of neurons in adult brain is mediated by p53‐dependent and p53‐independent pathways and requires bax
Authors: Martin Lee J. , Kaiser Adeel , Yu Jonathan W. , Natale Joanne E. , Al‐Abdulla Nael A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mechanisms of injury‐induced apoptosis of neurons within the CNS are not understood. We used a model of cortical injury in rat and mouse to induce retrograde neuronal apoptosis in thalamus. In this animal model, unilateral ablation of the occipital cortex causes unequivocal apoptosis of corticopetal projection neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) by 7 days postlesion. We tested the hypothesis that p53 and Bax regulate this retrograde neuronal apoptosis. We found, by using immunocytochemistry, that p53 accumulates in nuclei of neurons destined to undergo apoptosis. By immunoblotting, p53 levels increase (∼150% of control) in nuclear‐enriched fractions of the ipsilateral LGN by 5 days after occipital cortex ablation. p53 is functionally activated in nuclear fractions of the ipsilateral LGN at 5 days postlesion, as shown by DNA binding assay (∼fourfold increase) and by immunodetection of phosphorylated p53. The levels of procaspase‐3 increase at 4 days postlesion, and caspase‐3 is activated prominently at 5 days postlesion. To identify whether neuronal apoptosis in the adult brain is dependent on p53 and Bax, cortical ablations were done on p53 and bax null mice. Neuronal apoptosis in the dorsal LGN is significantly attenuated (∼34%) in p53−/− mice. In lesioned p53+/+ mice, Bax immunostaining is enhanced in the ipsilateral dorsal LGN and Bax immunoreactivity accumulates at perinuclear locations in dorsal LGN neurons. The enhancement and redistribution of Bax immunostaining is attenuated in lesioned p53−/− mice. Neuronal apoptosis in the dorsal LGN is blocked completely in bax−/− mice. We conclude that neuronal apoptosis in the adult thalamus after cortical injury requires Bax and is modulated by p53. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:299–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two phases of increased cell death in the inner retina following early elimination of the ganglion cell population
Authors: Cusato Karen , Stagg Stephanie B. , Reese Benjamin E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina undergo considerable programmed cell death during development, but the determinants of this cell death remain largely unknown. The present study examines the role of retinal ganglion cells in support of INL neurons in the developing ferret retina. The retinal ganglion cell population was eliminated by optic nerve transection at postnatal day (P) 2, and the incidence of cell death was examined using terminal deoxytransferase dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) at various ages during the first 3 postnatal weeks. Significant increases in TUNEL‐positive cells were observed in the neuroblast layer (NBL) as early as P3, prior to synapse formation within the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and again in the INL at P22, the normal peak of naturally occurring cell death within the ferret's INL. A decrease in TUNEL‐positive cells was found in the NBL at P8. These results show three phases of response to the loss of retinal ganglion cells and suggest that cells in the NBL/INL are normally dependent on retinal ganglion cells for their survival. Recent studies have shown that certain populations of retinal neurons are reduced in adult animals that had lost the population of ganglion cells during early development, so the present study also examined when this reduction could first be detected. The number of parvalbumin‐immunoreactive amacrine cells was decreased significantly in the NBL of the manipulated eye as early as P8, when we could first label this population, and this difference persisted through adulthood. The fact that cell death in the NBL has already increased within 24 hours of ganglion cell elimination, coupled with the specificity of this effect on the adult complement of INL cell types, shows that cell–cell interactions controlling survival are already highly specific for particular types of retinal neuron early in development J. Comp. Neurol. 439:440–449, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the superior colliculus in analyses of space: Superficial and intermediate layer contributions to visual orienting, auditory orienting, and visuospatial discriminations during unilateral and bilateral deactivations
Authors: Lomber Stephen G. , Payne Bertram R. , Cornwell Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe superior colliculus (SC) has been implicated in spatial analyses of the environment, although few behavioral studies have explicitly tested this role. To test its imputed role in spatial analyses, we used a battery of four spatial tasks combined with unilateral and bilateral cooling deactivation of the upper and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus. We tested the abilities of cats to orient to three different stimuli: (1) moving visual, (2) stationary visual, (3) stationary white‐noise aural. Furthermore, we tested the ability of the cats to discriminate the relative spatial position of a landmark. Unilateral cooling deactivation of the superficial layers of the SC induced a profound neglect of both moving and stationary visual stimuli presented in, and landmark objects located within, the contralateral hemifield. However, responses to auditory stimuli were unimpaired. Unilateral cooling deactivation of both the superficial and intermediate layers induced a profound contralateral neglect of the auditory stimulus. Additional and equivalent deactivation of the opposite SC largely restored orienting to either moving visual or auditory stimuli, and restored landmark position reporting to normal levels. However, during bilateral SC deactivation, orienting to the static visual stimulus was abolished throughout the entire visual field. Overall, unilateral SC deactivation results show that the upper and intermediate layers of the SC contribute in different ways to guiding behavioral responses to visual and auditory stimuli cues. Finally, bilateral superior colliculus deactivations reveal that other structures are sufficient to support spatial analyses and guide visual behaviors in the absence of neural operations in the superior colliculus, but only under certain circumstances. J. Comp. Neurol. 441:44–57, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified mass matrices and positivity preservation for hyperbolic and parabolic PDEs
Authors: Berzins M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractModifications to the standard finite element mass matrix are considered with the aim of preserving the positivity of the discrete solution. The approach is used in connection with calculating the initial time derivative values for parabolic equations and in connection with non‐linear Petrov–Galerkin schemes for hyperbolic equations in one space dimension. The extension of the ideas to unstructured meshes in two and three space dimensions is indicated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the hydrodynamic limit of Ginzburg‐Landau wave vortices
Authors: Lin Fanghua , Zhang Ping 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we study the hydrodynamic limit of the finite Ginzburg‐Landau wave vortices, which was established in [16]. Unlike the classical vortex method for incompressible Euler equations, we prove here that the densities approximated by the vortex blob method associated with the Ginzburg‐Landau wave vortices tend to the solutions of the pressure‐less compressible Euler‐Poisson equations. The convergence of such approximation is proved before the formation of singularities in the limit system as the blob sizes and the grid sizes tend to zero in appropriate rates. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mixing small volumes for continuous high‐throughput flow cytometry: Performance of a mixing Y and peristaltic sample delivery
Authors: Jackson W. Coyt , Kuckuck F. , Edwards B.S. , Mammoli A. , Gallegos C.M. , Lopez G.P. , Buranda T. , Sklar L.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundOnline mixing for continuous high‐throughput flow cytometry has not been previously described. A simple, general high‐throughput method for mixing and delivery of submicroliter volumes in laminar flow at low Reynolds numbers would be widely useful.Materials and MethodsWe describe a micromixing approach that is compatible with commercial autosamplers, flow cytometry, and other detection schemes that require mixing of components that have been introduced into laminar flow. The scheme is based on a previous approach to high‐throughput flow cytometry (HyperCyt™, Kuckuck et al.: Cytometry 44:83–90, 2001). We showed that samples from multiwell plates that have been picked up by an autosampler can be separated during delivery by the small air bubbles introduced during the transit of the autosampler probe from well to well. Here, a particle sample flowing continuously is brought together in a Y with reagent samples from wells, which have been separated by bubbles.ResultsIn the effluent stream, the particles and reagents are mixed, most likely as a result of peristaltic action, and reagents from individual wells can be resolved. The sample volumes that can be mixed with this technology are submicroliter in volume, and samples can be mixed at rates up to at least 100/samples per minute. With the current device, carryover between samples can be eliminated if the mixing system is flushed with several volumes of buffer. The anticipated throughput for screening is expected to be at least 20 samples per minute.ConclusionsThe high‐throughput approach and peristaltic mixing in HyperCyt™ serve to integrate autosamplers with submicroliter detection volumes for analysis in flow cytometry or in microfluidic channels. Cytometry 47:183–191, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of soft tissue tumors by fine‐needle aspiration with combined cytopathology and ancillary techniques
Authors: Sápi Zoltán , Antal Imre , Pápai Zsuzsa , Szendröi Miklós , Mayer Árpád , Jakab Klára , Pajor László , Bodó Miklós 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasm by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has presented a diagnostic challenge. Most reports claim an accuracy approaching 95%, but while they distinguish benign and malignant lesions, the most problematic group, the intermediary malignant group, is omitted. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rapid cytologic diagnosis of soft‐tissue tumors could guide surgeons in therapeutic decisions without the need for a tissue biopsy. Ninety‐four FNA cytologic specimens were examined by the National Soft Tissue Consortium of Hungary and compared with the corresponding histology. Ordinary lipomas were excluded. Morphologic evaluation was supplemented by ancillary techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), DNA cytometry, and immunocytochemistry. From a practical clinicopathological point of view, the cases were grouped in the following categories: 1) tumors with definitive diagnosis: a) high‐grade malignant neoplasms (high‐grade sarcomas, metastatic carcinomas, lymphoma), b) tumors with precise histogenetic origin by cytogenetics, c) benign tumors; 2) tumors of questionable nature. In the first group there were 74 tumors: 22 high‐grade sarcomas, six metastatic carcinomas, one malignant lymphoma, 16 malignant tumors in which the precise histogenetic origin could be established by cytogenetic studies, and 29 benign soft‐tissue tumors other than lipomas. In the second group there were 20 tumors comprising benign and malignant soft tissue tumors of low grade, wherein the precise nature of the neoplasm could not be established with confidence on cytologic study, even using ancillary techniques. FNAB of soft‐tissue tumors combined with ancillary techniques should be considered a viable diagnostic technique for therapeutic protocols. Although the second group is fairly large, we have reliable, well‐characterized categories which provide great freedom for preoperative and surgical treatment, thus providing the best chance for healing. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:232–242. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacological characterization of P2X3 homomeric and heteromeric channels in nociceptive signaling and behavior
Authors: Jarvis Michael F. , Kowaluk Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractATP acts as a fast neurotransmitter by activating a family of ligand‐gated ion channels, the P2X receptors. The P2X3 receptor subunit, in both homomeric and heteromeric (P2X2/3) forms, is highly localized on primary sensory afferent neurons that function as nociceptors. Activation of these P2X3 containing channels may provide a specific mechanism whereby ATP, released via synaptic transmission or by cellular injury, elicits nociceptive sensations. This hypothesis is supported by recent data demonstrating that the exogenous peripheral or spinal administration of ATP and other P2X receptor agonists elicits nociceptive behaviors and increases sensitivity to noxious stimuli in both humans and laboratory animals. The nociceptive effects of ATP and other P2X receptor agonists are also enhanced in the presence of other inflammatory mediators. P2X receptor antagonists can attenuate the nociceptive actions of exogenously administered P2X receptor agonists and other exogenously administered algogenic agents. However, pharmacological characterization of these effects has been complicated by the general lack of highly selective ligands for the family of P2X receptor subunits and the ability of these receptors to form functional heteromultimeric receptors. Recent data describing an aberrant nociceptive phenotype of P2X3 receptor gene‐disrupted mice have provided additional insight into the role of P2X3 receptors in some types of pain. An overview of the pharmacology of P2X3 containing channels and the experimental data indicating that activation of P2X3 receptors contribute to the initiation and maintenance of persistent pain is presented in this review. Drug Dev. Res. 52:220–231, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells by multiple P2Y receptor subtypes
Authors: Boarder Michael R. , White Pamela J. , Roberts Jonathon R. , Webb Tania E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReceptors for nucleotides regulate all aspects of vascular function. Here, the role and function of P2Y receptors in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cell proliferation are explored. In both cell types the presence of multiple P2Y receptors is commonplace; however, the identity and role of these receptors is dependent on the vessel of origin. This is clearly seen with endothelial cells. The commonest observation is coexisting P2Y1 and P2Y2 (or P2Y4) receptors coupled through inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate production to Ca2+ mobilisation. However, in some endothelial cells other P2Y receptors are present. Brain microvascular endothelial cells, for example, exhibit a variety of responses with profiles which cannot be fully explained by cloned P2Y receptors, and which are coupled to diverse receptor–effector mechanisms. These include p42/p44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation, enhanced cyclic AMP synthesis and raised cytosolic Ca2+ in the absence of detectable rises in inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate. These responses can be expected to influence endothelial prostacyclin and nitric oxide production, permeability, adhesion factor expression, and leukocyte‐endothelial interaction. P2Y receptors also regulate proliferative responses. Previously, data has been presented indicating that nucleotides acting on P2Y receptors can enhance cell proliferation in response to other agents. Here, we discuss evidence that UTP is an antiproliferative regulator in human vascular smooth muscle cells and that P2Y4 receptors may be involved in this response. Drug Dev. Res. 53:180–185, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of consanguinity, exposure to pregnant females, and stimulation from young on male gerbils' responses to pups
Authors: Clark Mertice M. , Liu Christine , Galef Bennett G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn three experiments investigating variables affecting responses of male Mongolian gerbils to conspecific young, we compared the behavior directed towards pups of natural fathers, virgin foster fathers, and sexually experienced foster fathers (Experiment 1); males either previously exposed or not exposed to pregnant females (Experiment 2); and males provided or not provided with extra opportunities to huddle over pups (Experiment 3). We found no difference in responses to pups among natural fathers, virgin foster fathers, and foster fathers that had fathered litters. On the other hand, both a week of exposure to a pregnant female and opportunity to huddle over pups for an extra 15 min/day had significant effects on males' subsequent responses to conspecific young. We speculate on the reasons why a male's response to pups might be affected by his exposure to a pregnant female and stimuli from pups, but not by the probability that the pups were his own offspring. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 257–264, 2001
RP59, a marker for osteoblast recruitment, is also detected in primitive mesenchymal cells, erythroid cells, and megakaryocytes
Authors: Krüger Anders , Ellerström Catharina , Lundmark Carin , Christersson Cecilia , Wurtz Tilmann 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe recently described a novel protein in bone marrow of rats, RP59, as a marker for cells with the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts. In this work, its expression pattern was further investigated to learn about the origin and biological relevance of RP59 expressing marrow cells. As revealed by in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry of yolk sac embryos, RP59 was found in the cells of the primitive ectoderm and primitive streak as well as in blood islands and extraembryonal mesoderm. Later, RP59 occurred in fetal liver cells and in circulating blood. From the time around birth, it was found in bone marrow and spleen cells. In addition, in vitro–formed blood vessels contained RP59‐positive cells in the lumen. Endothelial cells and the vast majority of cells outside the blood vessels were not labeled. Concerning more mature hematopoietic cell types, RP59 was observed in megakaryocytes and nucleated erythroblasts, but absent from lymphoid cells. In conclusion, RP59 was induced in early mesoderm. It was maintained in the erythroid and megakaryotic lineages and, as earlier described, in young osteoblasts. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mesenchymal expression of vascular endothelial growth factors D and A defines vascular patterning in developing lung
Authors: Greenberg James M. , Thompson Felisa Y. , Brooks Sherry K. , Shannon John M. , McCormick‐Shannon Kathleen , Cameron James E. , Mallory Bradford P. , Akeson Ann L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe lung has specific vascular patterning requirements for effective gas exchange at birth, including alignment of airways and blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) are potent effectors of vascular development. We examined the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF‐D and specific VEGF‐A isoforms at each stage of lung development. VEGF‐D, expressed only by cadherin‐11–positive cells of the mesenchyme, is first detected at embryonic day (E) 13.5, a period of active vasculogenesis. VEGFR‐3, its cognate receptor, is detected earlier on days E11.5 to E14.5, in both blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and later, on day E17.5, in only lymphatic vessels. VEGF‐A is expressed in the mesenchyme throughout lung development and also by the epithelium midway through organogenesis. Before E14, the predominant forms of VEGF‐A are the soluble isoforms, VEGF‐A120 and 164. Not until E14.5 do epithelial cells at the tips of expanding airways express VEGF‐A, including VEGF‐A188, an isoform with high affinity for extracellular matrix. Our results demonstrate unique temporal and spatial expression of VEGF‐D and specific VEGF‐A isoforms during lung development and suggest these related factors have distinct functions in vascular and lymphatic patterning of the lung. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.