bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper gastrointestinal cancer pathology reporting: a regional audit to compare standards with minimum datasets
Authors: King P M , Blazeby J M , Gupta J , Alderson D , Moorghen M 
Published: June 2004

Aims:Accurate pathological (pTNM) staging of oesophageal and gastric cancer provides important prognostic information. The aim of this study was to compare the standard of pathology reporting of oesophageal and gastric cancer resections from a cancer network with standards set by the Royal College of Pathologists.Methods:All reports for oesophageal and gastric cancer resections from the five hospitals in the cancer network in 2001 were collected. Individual items of information were compared with minimum datasets provided by the Royal College of Pathologists. Items were classified as “complete”, “partially complete”, or “absent”.Results:One hundred and ten reports were audited (54 oesophageal and 56 gastric). Fourteen gastric and 17 oesophagectomy reports were over 75% complete. Clinically important missing data occurred most frequently for the pM component of TNM staging (pMx omitted in 87 reports) and completeness of resection expressed as a bold statement (absent in 50 reports). Twelve reports could not be classified because the specimen contained no residual tumour after neoadjuvant treatment.Conclusion:The use of a standard proforma for reporting upper gastrointestinal cancers based on a minimum dataset provided by the Royal College of Pathologists is recommended, with modifications to allow for specimens with no tumour after neoadjuvant treatment.
Chromosome in situ hybridisation, Ki-67, and telomerase immunocytochemistry in liquid based cervical cytology
Authors: Cheung A N Y , Chiu P M , Tsun K L , Khoo U S , Leung B S Y , Ngan H Y S 
Published: June 2004

Aims:To assess the potential value of chromosome in situ hybridisation (CISH), Ki-67, and telomerase immunocytochemistry in liquid based cervical cytology to help detect carcinoma cells and precursors.Method:Sixty ThinPrep processed cervical cytology samples were studied: 23 cases within the normal limit, 13 low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 10 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), six squamous cell carcinomas, three endocervical adenocarcinomas, two cervical adenosquamous cell carcinomas, and three endometrial adenocarcinomas. CISH was performed with DNA probes specific for the pericentromeric regions of chromosome 11 and 16. Hybridisation signals were visualised with the streptavidin–biotin peroxidase technique. The monoclonal MIB1 and polyclonal TRT-H231 antibodies were used to detect Ki-67 and telomerase immunoreactivity, respectively.Results:Non-specific background staining was almost absent in CISH slides. Normal squamous and glandular cells showed a diploid chromosomal pattern. A relative gain in chromosomes 11 and 16 (aneusomy) was seen in HSIL and the carcinomas (p<0.0001). In MIB1 stained smears, normal cells and koilocytes showed inconspicuous immunoreactivity, whereas strongly immunoreactive nuclei were found in cancer cells and HSIL (p<0.0001). Not only carcinoma and HSIL cells, but also some normal cells, showed cytoplasmic staining for telomerase.Conclusions:These preliminary results indicate that ThinPrep processed cervical smears are suitable for CISH and immunocytochemical studies. The neoplastic squamous and glandular cells were easily identified based on nuclear aneusomy and strong Ki-67 immuoreactivity in the context of abnormal nuclear morphology. This is the first study to apply CISH in cervical cytology using an immunoenzymatic approach.
Blood cells with fetal haemoglobin (F-cells) detected by immunohistochemistry as indicators of solid tumours
Authors: Wolk M , Martin J E , Constantin R 
Published: June 2004

Aims:Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is an established serological indicator of cancer. However, its distribution in tumour tissues is rarely investigated. Therefore, HbF was studied immunohistologically in different cancers characterised by high blood HbF concentrations.Methods:Anti-HbF was immunoaffinity purified and used to study HbF immunohistochemically in the following cancers: germ cell tumour (GCT), trophoblastic disease (TD), lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), multiple myeloma (MM), and ovarian adenocarcinoma (OA).Results:In GCT a distinction was made between tumours substantially without HbF positive red blood cells (F-RBC) and those with F-RBC. Those without F-RBC were non-metastatic mature teratomas and dermoid cysts. Those containing F-RBC were mainly embryonal carcinomas and metastatic teratomas. HbF positive myeloid cells (F-MLC), HbF positive normoblasts (F-NBS), and F-RBC were common in the bone marrow and in the lymphoid tissues of lymphoma, MDS, and MM. In TD, normal and nucleated F-RBC were seen in the trophoblastic villi in one case with incomplete molar pregnancy (ICM) but not in other cases of ICM and complete molar pregnancy. However, F-RBC and F-MLC were seen in the decidua of both types of TD. Generally, F-cells were observed either within blood vessels or concentrated in certain areas of the neoplastic tissue.Conclusions:HbF was evaluated as an inducible marker within different tumour tissue blood cells. The dual distribution of these cells—circulating in the blood or concentrated in areas of the neoplastic tissues—might reflect the two independent serological indicators of HbF: one in whole blood and the other in plasma of patients with cancer.
The loss of calretinin expression indicates aganglionosis in Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Barshack I , Fridman E , Goldberg I , Chowers Y , Kopolovic J 
Published: June 2004

Background:Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a congenital disorder characterised by the absence of ganglion cells in the large bowel, leading to functional obstruction and colonic dilatation proximal to the affected segment. A subclass of nerve cell bodies in both submucosa and myenteric ganglia of the human gastrointestinal tract were found to show immunopositivity for calretinin, a calcium binding protein, which plays an important role in the organisation and functioning of the central nervous system.Aim:To investigate calretinin immunostaining in ganglionic and aganglionic HD colon specimens, and compare it with staining for S100, neurone specific enolase, and c-kit.Methods:Ten large bowel, full thickness specimens from patients with classic rectosigmoid HD were selected from the pathology repository. In total, 54 paraffin wax blocks—24 from the ganglionic zone, 17 from the aganglionic zone, and 13 from the transitional zone—were processed.Results:Calretinin was not expressed in aganglionic segments of HD and associated nerve fibres, whereas in ganglionic HD segments and in normal colon both ganglion cells and nerve fibres were immunopositive. In addition, c-kit showed an altered distribution in the interstitial cells of Cajal. The transitional zone showed a broad spectrum of histomorphological and immunohistochemical patterns of both calretinin and c-kit expression.Conclusion:The absence of calretinin expression may serve as a diagnostic aid in identifying aganglionic segments in HD.
Cytomegalovirus infection of the cervix: morphological observations in five cases of a possibly under-recognised condition
Authors: McGalie C E , McBride H A , McCluggage W G 
Published: June 2004

Aims:Histologically diagnosed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the cervix is rare and the associated morphological features are not well described. This study describes histopathological findings in five biopsies from four patients with CMV cervicitis.Methods:CMV inclusions were identified in five cervical biopsies from four patients in a single institution over eight months. The clinical notes were reviewed, the morphological features documented, and immunohistochemical staining for CMV performed. CMV immunohistochemical staining was also performed on 30 consecutive cervical biopsies in which inclusions were not seen histologically.Results:None of the patients was immunocompromised but one was postnatal. Numbers of CMV inclusions ranged from occasional to abundant and they were located mainly in endocervical glandular epithelial cells but also in endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Inclusions were not seen in squamous cells. Inclusions were eosinophilic and were intracytoplasmic rather than intranuclear. They were positive immunohistochemically for CMV. Associated morphological features included fibrin thrombi within small blood vessels (three cases), dense active inflammatory infiltrates (five cases), lymphoid follicles (two cases), vacuolation of glandular epithelial cells (two cases), and reactive changes in glandular epithelial cells (two cases). CMV inclusions were not identified in the 30 additional cases that underwent immunohistochemical staining.Conclusions:CMV infection of the cervix may be more common than is thought. Patients are usually immunocompetent and require no treatment. Morphological features such as a dense inflammatory cell infiltrate with lymphoid follicles, and especially fibrin thrombi within small vessels, should alert the pathologist to look closely for the pathognomonic CMV inclusion bodies.
Evaluation of swab transport systems against a published standard: Table 1
Authors: Human R P , Jones G A 
Published: June 2004

Background:Before the publication of the M40-A standard by the United States National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), no quality control data for swab transport systems (STSs) had been available.Aims:To compare three commercially available STSs against the published standard to ascertain bacterial survival after a set holding time.Method:Charcoal and non-charcoal containing swabs were inoculated with standard volumes and numbers of a range of bacteria commonly isolated from clinical material. Bacterial counts were taken at time zero, six, 24, and 48 hours, with the results being compared against the NCCLS standard.Results:The standard clearly differentiated between the three STSs tested, with one product being superior to the other two products in providing better survival.Conclusion:The standard now provides manufacturers and users of STSs with meaningful data to provide, purchase, and compare an STS for routine clinical use.
MULTI-USER DETECTION TO ENHANCE THE CAPACITY OF W-CDMA BASED ON THE CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD
Authors: ARAI YOSHIKAZU , IGARASHI KIYOMI , FUKASAWA ATSUSHI , TAKIZAWA YUMI 
Published: June 2004

Multiple users communicate with individually-assigned codes on a single radio carrier frequency in a DS-CDMA system. Mutual interference among codes limits the capacity of the system. Conventional detectors of receivers are designed for a single-user neglecting the mutual interference. Multi-user detection is expected to enhance the capacity by removing the interference factors. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed corresponding to solving a huge matrix equation under multiple access interference (MAI) environments. This scheme is obtained by the mathematical approach to solve a huge matrix equation. The modeling of multi-user detection is shown, and the algorithm is given based on mathematical approach: the Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM). The characteristics of the proposed scheme are evaluated with comparison to the conventional single-user detector. The proposed scheme has been shown to be three times in capacity against single user detection with reduced complexity comparing conventional technologies based on serial and parallel configurations.
Breeding behavior of the leaf-frog Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: Abrunhosa Patrícia , Wogel Henrique 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPhyllomedusa burmeisteri was studied during breeding aggregations in a temporary pond in southeastern Brazil. Males were territorial and aggressive. Behavioral patterns exhibited by them included acoustical and visual communication, chase, and wrestling, the latter when the intruder did not retreat with the preceding threats. Females also performed visual displays, however in different contexts, before approaching toward a calling male. The vocal repertoire of P. burmeisteri consisted of two types of advertisement call (short type and long type), territorial call and encounter call. Information about spatial-temporal distribution, courtship, and mating behavior are presented.
Envenomated-invertebrate prey preference of the viperid Agkistrodon contortrix during strike-induced chemosensory searching
Authors: Greenbaum Eli , Jorgensen Michael 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMany crotaline snakes exhibit envenomated-prey preference in laboratory experiments. We examined the ability of copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix) to distinguish between envenomated and nonenvenomated tobacco hornworm larvae (Manduca sexta). Snakes directed significantly more tongue flicks at envenomated hornworms than at nonenvenomated hornworms, and snakes consumed envenomated hornworms more frequently than nonenvenomated prey. These results support the hypothesis that envenomated tissue is an important stimulus to copperheads during strike-induced chemosensory searching. Copperheads preferred hornworms envenomated by conspecifics in the relative order: Louisiana > Texas > Kansas; this preference matches the relative order of preference and venom potency documented in a previous study of copperheads for envenomated mice. We conclude that the venom protein-prey tissue interaction responsible for the observed behaviour is similar in both invertebrate and rodent prey items.
Targeting mitochondria to overcome conventional and bortezomib/proteasome inhibitor PS-341 resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) cells
Authors: Chauhan Dharminder , Li Guilan , Podar Klaus , Hideshima Teru , Mitsiades Constantine , Schlossman Robert , Munshi Nikhil , Richardson Paul , Cotter Finbarr E. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
Bortezomib (PS-341), a selective inhibitor of proteasomes, induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells; however, prolonged drug exposure may result in cumulative toxicity and the development of chemoresistance. Here we show that combining PK-11195 (PK), an antagonist to mitochondrial peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs), with bortezomib triggers synergistic anti-MM activity even in doxorubicin-, melphalan-, thalidomide-, dexamethasone-, and bortezomib-resistant MM cells. No significant cytotoxicity was noted in normal lymphocytes. Low-dose combined PK and bortezomib treatment overcomes the growth, survival, and drug resistance conferred by interleukin-6 or insulin growth factor within the MM bone marrow milieu. The mechanism of PK + bortezomib–induced apoptosis includes: loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; superoxide generation; release of mitochondrial proteins cytochrome-c (cyto-c) and Smac; and activation of caspases-8/-9/-3. Furthermore, PK + bortezomib activates c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK), which translocates to mitochondria, thereby facilitating release of cyto-c and Smac from mitochondria to cytosol. Blocking JNK, by either dominant-negative mutant (DN-JNK) or cotreatment with a specific JNK inhibitor SP600125, abrogates both PK + bortezomib–induced release of cyto-c/Smac and induction of apoptosis. Together, these preclinical studies suggest that combining bortezomib with PK may enhance its clinical efficacy, reduce attendant toxicity, and overcome conventional and bortezomib resistance in patients with relapsed refractory MM.
Kit and FcϵRI mediate unique and convergent signals for release of inflammatory mediators from human mast cells
Authors: Hundley Thomas R. , Gilfillan Alasdair M. , Tkaczyk Christine , Andrade Marcus V. , Metcalfe Dean D. , Beaven Michael A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn human mast cells, derived from CD34+ peripheral blood cells, we observed that Kit ligand (KL) failed to induce degranulation but acted in synergy with antigen to markedly enhance degranulation, levels of cytokine gene transcripts, and production of cytokines. Further examination revealed that antigen and KL activated common and unique signaling pathways to account for these varied responses. KL, unlike antigen, failed to activate protein kinase C but activated phospholipase Cγ and calcium mobilization and augmented these signals as well as degranulation when added together with antigen. Both KL and antigen induced signals that are associated with cytokine production, namely phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase–dependent phosphorylation of protein kinase B (also known as Akt), and phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). However, only KL stimulated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and STAT6, whereas antigen weakly stimulated the protein kinase C–dependent induction and phosphorylation of c-Jun and associated activating protein-1 (AP-1) components, an action that was markedly potentiated by costimulation with KL. Interestingly, most signals were down-regulated on continuous exposure to KL but were reactivated along with cytokine gene transcription on addition of antigen. The findings, in total, indicated that a combination of FcϵRI and Kit-mediated signals and transcriptional processes were required for optimal physiologic responses of human mast cells to antigen.
FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms may not correlate with response to alemtuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Lin Thomas S. , Flinn Ian W. , Modali Rama , Lehman Teresa A. , Webb Jennifer , Waymer Sharon , Moran Mollie E. , Lucas Margaret S. , Farag Sherif S. , Byrd John C. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract
The in vivo mechanism of action of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52; Campath-1H) remains unclear. With rituximab, FCGR3A and FCGR2A high-affinity polymorphisms have been associated with clinical response in lymphoma but not in CLL, suggesting potential divergent mechanisms of action between these 2 diseases. Herein, we examined FCGR3A (V/V, n = 4; V/F, n = 10; F/F, n = 19) and FCGR2A (A/A, n = 5; H/A, n = 22; H/H, n = 6) polymorphisms in 36 patients with relapsed CLL who were treated with thrice-weekly alemtuzumab for 12 weeks to assess the potential influence these high-affinity FcγR receptor polymorphisms had on response to alemtuzumab. Response to alemtuzumab was similar regardless of FCGR3A polymorphism (V/V, 25%; V/F, 40%; F/F, 32%) or FCGR2A polymorphism (A/A, 40%; H/A, 32%; H/H, 33%). These findings indicate that FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms may not predict response to alemtuzumab in CLL. Future studies examining larger cohorts of alemtuzumab-treated patients with CLL will be required to definitively determine the predictive value of specific FCGR polymorphisms to treatment response. (Blood. 2005;105:289-291)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells of more than 1% of patients express virtually identical immunoglobulins
Authors: Widhopf George F. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Toy Traci L. , Gribben John G. , Wierda William G. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe examined the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain variable region genes (VH genes) used by leukemia cells of 1220 unrelated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We found 1188 (97%) expressed Ig encoded by a single Ig VH subgroup, the most common of which was VH3 (571 or 48.1%), followed by VH1 (319 or 26.8%) and VH4 (241 or 20.2%). Using allele-specific primers, we found 13.8% of all samples (n = 164) used one major VH1-69 allele, designated 51p1, 163 of which were not somatically mutated. For these cases, there was marked restriction in the structure of the Ig third complementarity determining regions (CDR3s), which were encoded by a small number of unmutated D and JH gene segments. Strikingly, 15 of the 163 cases had virtually identical CDR3s encoded by the second reading frame of D3-16 and JH3. Further analysis revealed that each of these 15 samples used the same unmutated Ig kappa light-chain gene, namely A27. These data reveal that approximately 1.3% (15/1220) of all patients had leukemia cells that expressed virtually identical Ig. This finding provides compelling evidence that the Ig expressed by CLL B cells are highly selected and not representative of the Ig expressed by naive B cells.
PTX-sensitive signals in bone marrow homing of fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Bonig Halvard , Priestley Gregory V. , Nilsson Lina M. , Jiang Yi , Papayannopoulou Thalia 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeveral examples suggest a relationship between in vitro migratory capacity and bone marrow (BM) homing. Pertussis toxin (PTX) is a potent inhibitor of serpentine receptor–associated inhibitory trimeric guanidine nucleotide binding (Gi) protein signals. As such, it blocks hematopoietic progenitor cell migration in vitro, but contrary to expectation, no effects on BM homing were observed in previous studies. We therefore re-examined the effect of PTX on homing of murine BM and fetal liver (FL). We found that BM homing of PTX-incubated progenitor cells (colony-forming cells in culture [CFU-Cs]) from BM or FL in irradiated and nonirradiated recipients was reduced by more than 75%, with a concomitant increase in circulating CFU-Cs in peripheral blood. Additional studies confirmed the functional significance of this reduction in homing: PTX-treated cells did not provide radioprotection, and their short-term engraftment in BM and spleen was drastically reduced. Furthermore, several approaches show that cell-intrinsic rather than host-derived mechanisms are responsible for the PTX-induced homing defect. In summary, we show that Gi protein signals are required for BM homing and, as such, provide a new example of the association between BM homing and in vitro migration. Moreover, our data suggest that the behavior of hematopoietic progenitors in obeying Gi signaling does not diverge from that of mature leukocytes.
Diazepam-binding inhibitor-related protein 1: a candidate autoantigen in acquired aplastic anemia patients harboring a minor population of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria–type cells
Authors: Feng Xingmin , Chuhjo Tatsuya , Sugimori Chiharu , Kotani Takeharu , Lu Xuzhang , Takami Akiyoshi , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Hirohito , Nakao Shinji 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTo identify candidate antigens in aplastic anemia (AA), we screened proteins derived from a leukemia cell line with serum of an AA patient and identified diazepam-binding inhibitor-related protein 1 (DRS-1). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed high titers of anti–DRS-1 antibodies (DRS-1 Abs) in 27 (38.0%) of 71 AA patients displaying increased paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)–type cells (PNH+), 2 (6.3%) of 32 PNH– AA patients, 5 (38.5%) of 13 PNH+ myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, and none of 42 PNH– MDS patients. DRS-1 gene was abundantly expressed in myeloid leukemia cell lines and in CD34+ cells derived from healthy individuals. Stimulation of T cells from an AA patient displaying high DRS-1 Abs with a putative CD4+ T-cell epitope (amino acid residues [aa's] 191-204) presented by HLA-DR15, which overlapped with a hot spot (aa's 173-198) of DRS-1 Ab epitopes, gave rise to T cells cytotoxic for L cells (murine fibroblasts) that were transfected with DRB1*1501 and DRS-1. Enzyme-linked immunospot assay demonstrated increased frequency of T-cell precursors specific to the DRS-1 peptide in other HLA-DR15+ AA patients displaying high DRS-1 Ab titers. These findings indicate that DRS-1 may serve as an autoantigen eliciting immune attack against hematopoietic stem cells in a subset of AA patients characterized by increased PNH-type cells.