bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic abnormalities in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Elisaf Moses , Kitsos George , Bairaktari Eleni , Kalaitzidis Rigas , Kalogeropoulos Christos , Psilas Kostas 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: Although there are few data on the underlying mechanisms of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG), it has been suggested that metabolic diseases may play a role in the evolution of the disease. We carried out the present study to investigate the involvement of metabolic disturbances in POAG pathogenesis.Material/methods:Serum metabolic parameters were evaluated in 49 POAG patients without a known history of diabetes mellitus and 72 age and sex matched individuals without glaucoma (control group).Results: Among the metabolic parameters examined, only fasting serum glucose and uric acid levels were found significantly higher in patients with glaucoma compared to the control population (117±17 mg/dl vs 105±11 mg/dl, p=0.05 and 6.2±1.9 mg/dl vs 5±1.2 mg/dl, p=0.006, respectively). Additionally, a considerably greater proportion of patients had disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism and hyperuricemia.Conclusion: We conclude that disturbances of carbohydrate and uric acid metabolism could play a role in glaucoma damage and pathogenesis.
Demonstration of increasing standard pH value of lacrimal fluid with increase of flow rate
Authors: Janszky I. , Vámosi P. , Országh I. , Berta A. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that pH value of human tears is affected by flow rate.Methods: After stimulation with a drop of 70% alcohol into the ipsilateral nasal cavity tears from the left eyes of 30 healthy volunteers were collected with glass capillaries while flow rate of tear secretion was registered. The pCO2, actual and standard pH were determined in the collected samples with the Astrup method. Standard pH is defined as the pH of the sample that has been equilibrated at 37 °C with a gas mixture having pCO2=40 mmHg.Results: The flow rate correlated positively and significantly with both the standard pH value (r=0.503, p<0.01) and the pCO2 (r=0.517, p<0.01) while there was no correlation between the actual pH and the flow rate.Conclusion: Loss of CO2 from the sample is a cause of serious uncertainty in tear pH determination. A positive flow rate‐pH relationship was found for human tears when the uncertainty was removed by determination of the standard pH.
Clinical features and a follow‐up study in a family with X‐linked progressive cone‐rod dystrophy
Authors: Mäntyjärvi Maija , Nurmenniemi Piia , Partanen Juhani , Myöhänen Terttu , Peippo Maarit , Alitalo Tiina 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To study a large family with X‐linked progressive cone‐rod dystrophy.Methods: There were 128 members in the family. Of these, 45 had an ophthalmological examination and 3 gave their permission to use the results of their recent ophthalmological examination. In addition to the usual eye examination, visual fields, colour vision, dark adaptation and electroretinogram (ERG) were examined.Results: Ten affected men aged 6 to 81 years were found in the family. The visual acuities varied from counting fingers (cf) 10 cm to 0.5 in the right eye (RE) and from cf 30 cm to 0.4 in the left eye (LE). The refraction was myopic in all affected members, varying from −1.5 to −24.0 D (RE) and from −2.0 to −20.25 D (LE). In visual functions, central scotomas and concentric constriction in the visual fields, red or red‐green defects in colour vision, abnormal cone and rod dark adaptation and affected cone response in ERG were found. The 6 obligate carriers were aged 17 to 77 years. Their visual acuities varied from 0.05 (strabismic amblyopia) to 1.25(RE) and from 0.7 to 1.25 (LE), and refraction from ±0 to +6.0 D (RE) and from −0.5 to +5.0 D (LE). Their visual fields and colour vision were normal. The non‐affected men were aged 13 to 55 years, their visual acuity was normal in both eyes, and refraction varied from −5.0 to +1.5 D (RE) and from −5.5 to +1.75 (LE). The result of the eye examination was normal except in colour vision: two men were congenitally deuteranomalous. The women who were not obligate carriers were aged 10 to 77 years, their visual acuity was from 0.3 to 1.6 in both eyes, and refraction from −5.5 to +4.75 (RE) and from −5.25 to +4.0 (LE). Two women had one amblyopic eye. Otherwise the eye examination was normal.Conclusions: The clinical diagnosis of X‐linked cone dystrophy 1 (COD1) is based on progressive loss of visual acuity, moderate or high myopia, red colour vision defect and affected cone response or cone and rod response in ERG. The future identification of the COD1 gene will confirm the diagnosis of the disease and help in genetic counseling of the family.
Presumed sertraline maculopathy
Authors: Şener Emin Cumhur , Kıratlı Hayyam 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To report a unique case of a woman who developed simultaneous bilateral maculopathy presumed to result from intake of sertraline hydrochloride, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor.Methods: Full clinical ocular examination, color vision testing, automated static perimetry, electroretinography, electrooculography and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed. Living members of her family were also examined.Results: The patient had normal electroretinography and electrooculography results. Automated static perimetry showed generalized reduction of sensitivity and central scotomas. Macular lesions resolved 6 months after discontinuation of sertraline, however, during twenty months of follow‐up her visual acuity and abnormalities in other psychophysical tests did not improve.Conclusion: Patients started on sertraline should be informed of the potential risk of developing maculopathy, and they should be examined regularly to detect possible early alterations.
Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Söderström Mats 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: Review of the association between optic neuritis (ON) and multiple sclerosis (MS).Results: MS often presents as acute unilateral ON. While it is clear that many patients with ON suffer from a generalized disease of the central nervous system that will go on to clinically definite MS (CDMS), it is also clear that others do not. With more and more well‐informed patients and the emerging pharmacotheraphy for MS, the distinction between those patients with ON who have MS and those who do not, has become more important than ever before. Recently, a large randomized clinical trial on patients with ON or other clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of MS and evidence of prior subclinical demyelination on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, found that treatment with recombinant interferon‐beta‐1a is beneficial by reducing the development of CDMS.Conclusion: Ophthalmologists should refer their patients with acute ON to a neurologist for MS‐directed investigations and decisions regarding early institution of disease modifying therapy.
Quantitative assessment of retinal thickness in diabetic patients with and without clinically significant macular edema using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yang Chang‐Sue , Cheng Ching‐Yu , Lee Fenq‐Lih , Hsu Wen‐Ming , Liu Jorn‐Hon 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To assess patients with diabetic macular edema quantitatively using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: OCT was performed in 14 eyes with diabetic retinopathy and ophthalmoscopic evidence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and in 19 diabetic eyes without CSME. Retinal thickness was computed from the tomograms at fovea and other 36 locations throughout the macula.Results: The mean±standard deviation foveal thickness was 255.6±138.9 μm in eyes with CSME, and 174.6±38.2 μm in eyes without CSME (p=0.051). Within 2000 μm of the center of the macula, eyes with CSME had significantly thicker retina in the inferior quadrant than those without CSME (p<0.01). The foveal thickness was correlated with logMAR visual acuity (γ=0.68, p<0.01). OCT identified sponge‐like retinal swelling and/or cystoid macular edema in 11 (58%) eyes without CSME, and in 12 (86%) eyes with CSME.Conclusions: Criteria of CSME seem to be insufficient in really identifying macular edema. OCT may be more sensitive than a clinical examination in assessing diabetic macular edema and is a quantitative tool for documenting changes in macular thickening.
Immunohistological study of infiltrated cells and cytokines in murine herpetic keratitis
Authors: Inoue Tomoyuki , Inoue Yoshitsugu , Kosaki Ryo , Inoue Yumiko , Nishida Kohji , Shimomura Yoshikazu , Tano Yasuo , Hayashi Kozaburo 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To identify localization and kinetics of infiltrated cells and cytokines in murine herpetic keratitis.Methods: HSV‐1 was inoculated onto the scarified BALB/c corneas. At given times post infection (PI), eyes were removed and studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against several infiltrated cells and cytokines.Results: Neutrophils and NK cells infiltrated as early as 1 day PI reaching a maximum number at 2 day PI in initial stage. γδ TCR positive cells were observed in the corneal stroma from 1 day PI to 8 day PI. IL‐2 and IFN‐γ were positive in the cell‐infiltrated areas of the epithelial and stromal lesions, whereas IL‐4 was negative throughout the experiment.Conclusion: Our results indicated that cytokine profile upon herpes infection on the cornea is Th1 dominant. Together with neutrophils in the early phase of infection, γδ positive T cells may play an additional role in protecting the cornea against incoming pathogens.
The regional distribution of diabetic retinopathy lesions may reflect risk factors for progression of the disease
Authors: Bek Toke , Helgesen Andreas 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Background: Diabetic retinopathy is graded by semi‐quantitative assessment of the morphological lesions as seen on fundus photographs. This grading method mainly considers the type and number of retinopathy lesions, implying that the diagnostic value of the regional distribution of retinopathy lesions is largely unknown.Design and methods: Case control design. The study group consisted of fifteen diabetic patients successively examined in a screening clinic, with retinopathy lesions predominantly around the larger vascular arcades. The control group consisted of fifteen patients pairwise matched with the patients in the study group regarding sex, age, diabetes type, and diabetes duration. The two groups were compared with respect to the distribution of individual retinal lesions (microaneurysms/dot haemorrhages, blot haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and hard exudates) around the larger vascular arcades and in the macular area, hypertensive vascular abnormalities (crossing phenomena, arteriolar narrowing, arteriolar light reflex), metabolic regulation, and blood pressure.Results: The patients in the study group had significantly more microaneurysms and haemorrhages around the larger vascular arcades than had the control group, but there was no difference between the vascular changes in the two groups. The study group had significantly higher blood pressure than had the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in metabolic regulation between the two groups.Conclusions: The findings suggest the existence of a hypertensive‐like retinopathy in diabetic patients with lesions mainly around the larger vascular arcades, but with no increase in hypertensive vascular changes. This pattern is not identified with current semi‐quantitative grading methods. Further improvement of clinical decisions made from fundus photographs of diabetic retinopathy requires the development of computerised methods for quantitative assessment of retinal lesions.
Octyl 2‐cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in experimental scleral buckling
Authors: Ricci Benedetto , Ricci Francesco 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: In this experimental study, a sutureless scleral buckling was performed by using a tissue adhesive glue to fixate a silicone band to the sclera. In fact, one of the major risks of traditional scleral buckling is accidental perforation of the bulb, which is more frequent when the sclera is extremely thin as it is in newborns or in eyes with high myopia or scleromalacia.Methods: An encircling band of silicone, which is generally anchored to the sclera itself, was sutured in 36 rabbit eyes to three small silastic patches that had been glued to the sclera, at the level of the equator, using octyl 2‐cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. In this manner the anchoring sutures passed through silicone and silicone. The band was tightened to produce buckling of the sclera and its ends were glued together using the same adhesive.Results: Examination of the eyes from 15 days to 6 months after surgery revealed that the buckle was stable, with no signs of slippage, in 33 eyes. In the remaining 3 (one examined after 15 days, 2 examined after 45 days), one of the three support patches had become detached but there was still no evidence of slippage.Conclusions: The stability of the buckle up to six months after surgery suggests that this new adhesive might be used for sutureless surgery in certain types of retinal detachment, such as that associated with stage 4 ROP in which the encircling band has to be removed after several months.
Classification of the spectrum of Coats’ disease as subtypes of idiopathic retinal telangiectasis with exudation
Authors: Cahill M. , O'Keefe M. , Acheson R. , Mulvihill A. , Wallace D. , Mooney D. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: An increasing variety of eponymous terms have been used to describe atypical cases of Coats’ disease. A group of typical cases of Coats’ disease and other cases of differing severity were classified as one of four subtypes of idiopathic retinal telangiectasis with exudation and compared with regard to clinical outcome.Methods: In a retrospective clinical review patients with typical and atypical Coats’ disease were classified as severe, focal, juxtafoveal or associated (with another disease) forms of idiopathic retinal telangiectasis with exudation.Results: 53 eyes in 50 patients were examined of which 62% (n=31) were male. 12 eyes were classified as severe (group 1), 22 focal (group 2), 12 juxtafoveal (group 3) and 7 associated (group 4). The mean age at diagnosis was lowest in group 1 eyes (6.8 years). The best visual acuity at presentation was 6/60 in group 1 whereas high proportions of eyes in the other groups had initial visual acuities of 6/24 or better. In group 1 only one eye was treated, the majority of eyes were blind or had been enucleated whereas 34 (79%) of eyes in the other groups were suitable for treatment and 29 eyes (67%) retained pre‐treatment visual acuity or better at last follow‐up.Conclusions: Idiopathic retinal telangiectasis with exudation is a spectrum of disease, which is synonymous with Coats’ disease. In this retrospective study eyes with severe idiopathic retinal telangiectasis with exudation corresponding to typical Coats’ disease, have poorer vision at presentation, are less suitable for treatment and have worse outcomes than eyes with other subtypes. The spectrum of disease severity seen in idiopathic retinal telangiectasis with exudation may be due to second somatic mutations in genes with an existing germline mutation (the two hit theory) and a mosaic phenotype.
Visual functions and adverse ocular effects in patients with amiodarone medication
Authors: Ikäheimo Kirsi , Kettunen Raimo , Mäntyjärvi Maija 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To study visual functions and ocular adverse effects of long‐term amiodarone medication.Methods: We performed an eye examination of 22 patients with long‐term amiodarone medication. In addition to corrected visual acuity, colour vision was studied with the Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2 and Farnsworth‐Munself 100 hue test. Contrast sensitivity was examined with the Pelli‐Robson chart. Visual fields were tested by Goldmann and Friedmann perimetry.Results: Two patients with otherwise healthy eyes had abnormal blue colour vision test results. Otherwise colour vision, contrast sensitivity, and visual field test results were within normal range or could be explained by eye diseases such as cataract. Corneal drug deposits were found in 100% of the examined eyes. Slight anterior subcapsular lens opacities were found in 22.2%. Dry eyes were diagnosed in 9.1%. The eye fundi did not reveal any abnormalities that could be thought of as caused by amiodarone.Conclusion: The slight blue colour vision defect found in two patients with otherwise healthy eyes might represent an early sign of the optic nerve impairment which is a rare complication of amiodarone medication. The number of corneal and lens changes as well as dry eyes were found at levels previously described.
Optical coherence tomography of choroidal neovascularization in high myopia
Authors: Baba Takayuki , Ohno‐Matsui Kyoko , Yoshida Takeshi , Yasuzumi Kenjiro , Futagami Soh , Tokoro Takashi , Mochizuki Manabu 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Aim:  To investigate morphologic changes in the eye with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in high myopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods:  Optical coherence tomography was performed in 35 patients (42 eyes) with myopic CNV. Myopic CNV was divided into active, scar, or atrophic stages based on funduscopic and fluorescein angiographic findings. The characteristics of OCT findings in each stage were identified.Results:  In the active stage (11 eyes), OCT clearly displayed a neovascular membrane as a highly reflective dome‐like elevation above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). No apparent subretinal fluid accumulation around the CNV was identified. In the scar stage (12 eyes), only the surface of the CNV showed high reflectivity, which was markedly attenuated below the surface. In the atrophic stage (19 eyes), the CNV had become totally flat and chorioretinal atrophy around the regressed CNV showed high reflectivity.Conclusions:  Optical coherence tomography demonstrated characteristic features at each stage of myopic CNV. Optical coherence tomography appears to be useful in evaluating the stage and activity of myopic CNV.
Usher syndrome clinical types I and II: Could ocular symptoms and signs differentiate between the two types?
Authors: Tsilou Ekaterini T. , Rubin Benjamin I. , Caruso Rafael C. , Reed George F. , Pikus Anita , Hejtmancik James F. , Iwata Fumino , Redman Joy B. , Kaiser‐Kupfer Muriel I. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  Usher syndrome types I and II are clinical syndromes with substantial genetic and clinical heterogeneity. We undertook the current study in order to identify ocular symptoms and signs that could differentiate between the two types.Methods:  Sixty‐seven patients with Usher syndrome were evaluated. Based on audiologic and vestibular findings, patients were classified as either Usher type I or II. The severity of the ocular signs and symptoms present in each type were compared.Results:  Visual acuity, visual field area, electroretinographic amplitude, incidence of cataract and macular lesions were not significantly different between Usher types I and II. However, the ages when night blindness was perceived and retinitis pigmentosa was diagnosed differed significantly between the two types.Conclusions:  There seems to be some overlap between types I and II of Usher syndrome in regard to the ophthalmologic findings. However, night blindness appears earlier in Usher type I (although the difference in age of appearance appears to be less dramatic than previously assumed). Molecular elucidation of Usher syndrome may serve as a key to understanding these differences and, perhaps, provide a better tool for use in clinical diagnosis, prognosis and genetic counseling.
Optical coherence tomography in choroidal neovascular membrane associated with Best's vitelliform dystrophy
Authors: Andrade R. E. , Farah M. E. , Cardillo J. A. , Höfling‐Lima A. L. , Uno F. , Costa R. A. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.A 29‐year‐old black male with Best's dystrophy presented an elevated choroidal neovascular membrane in the right eye that was diagnosed and followed with fluorescein‐indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography. The subretinal neovascularization was successfully treated with argon laser photocoagulation. One month later, the visual acuity improved and an optical coherence tomography confirmed regression of the serous macular detachment. The final clinical picture remained stable for 12 months of follow‐up.
Cardiovascular effects of timolol maleate, brimonidine or brimonidine/timolol maleate in concomitant therapy
Authors: Stewart William C. , Stewart Jeanette A. , Jackson Angi L. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To examine the influence on maximal exercise performance in young healthy volunteers of timolol 0.5%, brimonidine 0.2% or placebo versus brimonidine 0.2% and timolol 0.5% used concomitantly.Methods:  The subjects in this prospective, double‐masked, crossover comparison were dosed 15 min prior to treadmill testing. A period of 1 week was allowed between tests.Results:  The 20 subjects who completed the trials (average age 24.5 ± 7.4) had a mean maximum exercise heart rate of 196 ± 12 bpm for placebo, 182 ± 13 bpm for timolol, 187 ± 10 bpm for brimonidine, and 186 ± 11 bpm for timolol/brimonidine concomitant therapy (p < 0.005). During recovery, the placebo group demonstrated a statistically higher systolic blood pressure (min 6) and pulse (mins 2 and 4) (p < 0.01). In addition, subjects treated with timolol/brimonidine demonstrated more premature contractions (atrial or ventricular) overall during exercise and recovery (p = 0.01). The brimonidine and concomitant treatment groups showed the greatest number of adverse events per subject, the most common of which were dizziness and fatigue (p = 0.031).Conclusion:  This study suggests that both timolol and brimonidine, used alone and concomitantly, cause cardiovascular effects consistent with their pharmacology.
Photodynamic therapy for circumscribed choroidal haemangioma
Authors: Landau Irène M. E. , Steen Björn , Seregard Stefan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a new treatment for circumscribed choroidal haemangioma (CCH).Methods:  Eight patients with CCH were treated with PDT using a protocol similar to that used in the standard treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration.Results:  Visual acuity improved in six of eight eyes, remained unchanged in one eye and deteriorated in one eye after 3–15 months (median 7 months) follow‐up. Pre‐treatment metamorphopsia disappeared in all but two cases. The thickness of the CCH measured with standardized echography showed marked regression within 1 month after PDT. In six eyes there was no remaining protrusion after PDT and one lesion was barely detectable. One patient experienced a transient choroidal effusion and perifoveal haemorrhage.Conclusion:  Photodynamic therapy is a promising new treatment for CCH as it restores visual function in most cases without causing apparent ocular or systemic side‐effects.
A case of central visual loss in a child due to macular cavernous haemangioma of the retina
Authors: Naftchi Soheila , La Cour Morten 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To report a case of retinal cavernous haemangioma localized to the fovea.Methods:  Clinical examination, fluorescein angiographic study and magnetic resonance imaging are reported.Results:  A 9‐year‐old girl presented with acute loss of vision in the right eye. Ophthalmoscopy showed intraretinal bleeding in the macula, while fluorescein angiography showed a lesion typical of a small cavernous retinal haemangioma, localized in the central macula. Family history was negative.Conclusion:  Central cavernous retinal haemangioma is a rare cause of central visual loss and should be distinguished from other retinal vascular abnormalities with more profound systemic implications for the patient.