bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivational Enhancement Counseling Strategies in Delivering a Telephone-Based Brief HIV Prevention Intervention
Authors: Rutledge Scott E , Roffman Roger A , Mahoney Christine , Picciano Joseph F , Berghuis James P , Kalichman Seth C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Motivational enhancement treatment (MET) interventions are increasingly being added to the menu of behavioral interventions for reducing risk of HIV transmission among high-risk populations for several reasons. First, although a variety of theorybased HIV transmission risk-reduction interventions have been found effective (for reviews, see Auerbach, Wypijewska, & Brodie, 1994; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1994; Choi & Coates, 1994; Kalichman, Carey, & Johnson, 1996; National Institutes of Health, 1997; Office of Technology Assessment, 1995; Wingood & DiClemente, 1996), a sizable number of individuals at risk of becoming infected, reinfected, or infecting others do not enroll in or drop out of such programs because of logistical and psychological barriers to participation.
Roger Nash Baldwin
Authors: Avedon Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Roger Nash Baldwin s pioneering struggle for civil justice offers us a valuable lesson: one person s action can help change the world So many basic American liberties we take for granted can be traced back to Baldwin’s uncompromising recognition of humanity in practice. A life to be celebrated Roger Nash Baldwin, civil libertarian and social activist, was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts, the son of Frank Fenno Baldwin, a leather manufacturer who owned several companies, and Lucy Cushing Nash. The lines on both sides of the family went back to the Pilgrims. Baldwin attended Wellesley public schools. As a boy he lacked prowess in sports and developed interests in music, art, and nature. He was regarded as “different,” which made him seek, early in life, “unconventional, nonconformist avenues of expression” consistent with the intellectual heritage of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and other New England icons. His family were free-thinking Unitarians.
Leon F. Czolgosz
Authors: Carnes Mark C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
He was restless and rootless. He lacked a steady job and went most(y unnoticed in groups. He used aliases less for concealment than to confer illicit significance upon an unremarkable persona. He was uncomfortable with women and did not date. He learned to hate, and was drawn to famous people who articulated grandiose visions of destruction. He craved their approval and sought to win it through a shocking act of violence. On a bright September day in the first year of a new century, he committed murder, and in so doing changed the world.
2001.
Arthur J. Goldberg
Authors: DerShowitz Alan M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arthur Goldberg, though no longer a household name, reached the highest echelons of our government and had an enormous and continuing influence on American life. Raised in the humblest of circumstances, he was the first in his family to receive a.formal education. By dint of his incredible intelligence and energy, he became America ‘s first great labor lawyer. Eventually, he was appointed as US. secretary of labor, transforming that role, and then as an associate justice of the Supreme Court. He served on the High Court.for only three years; .for one of those years, I was honored to be his law clerk. During his brief tenure on the bench, he helped shape the legacy of the Warren Court in civil rights and civil liberties. Though he intended to remain on the Supreme Court.for the rest of his life, he patriotically accepted President Lyndon Johnson’s call.for him to replace Adlai Stevenson as our representative to the United Nations, hoping thereby to help bring about peace in Vietnam. Leaving the High Court entailed an enormous personal sacrifice, one of many that Goldberg made in his lifelong quest for peace and justice.
Emma Goldman
Authors: Duberman Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first discovered Emma Goldman during the 1960s, when I was myself becoming politically radicalized. Her life and her writings spoke dramatically to many of the central concerns then beginning to dominate my life, and she quickly became an iconic figure for me. I was enormously taken with this rash, courageous, difficult, and incorruptible woman whose passionate concern for the world’s unfortunates made her an implacable foe of privilege and traditional authority.
The American People in World War II
Authors: Kennedy David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even as the New Deal was coping with the Depression, a new menace was developing abroad. Exploiting Germany’s own economic burdens, Hitler reached out to the disaffected, turning their aimless discontent into loyal support for his Nazi Party. In Asia, Japan harbored imperial ambitions of its own. The same generation of Americans who battled the Depression eventually had to shoulder arms in another confiict that wreaked worldwide destruction, ushered in the nuclear age, and forever changed their way of life and their country’s relationship to the rest of the world. The American People in World War II--the second installment of Kennedy’s Pulitzer Prize-winning Freedom from Fear--explains how the nation agonized over its role in the confiict, how it fought the war, why the United States emerged victorious, and why the consequences of victory were sometimes sweet, sometimes ironic. In a compelling narrative, Kennedy analyzes the determinants of American strategy, the painful choices faced by commanders and statesmen, and the agonies infiicted on the millions of ordinary Americans who were compelled to swallow their fears and face battle as best they could. The American People in World War II is a gripping narrative and an invaluable analysis of the trials and victories through which modern America was formed.
City Government In Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor
Authors: Dmitriev Sviatoslav 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
City Government in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor examines the social and administrative transformation of Greek society within the early Roman empire, assessing the extent to which the numerous changes in Greek cities during the imperial period ought to be attributed to Roman influence. The topic is crucial to our understanding of the foundations of Roman imperial power because Greek speakers comprised the empire’s second largest population group and played a vital role in its administration, culture, and social life. This book elucidates the transformation of Greek society in this period from a local point of view, mostly through the study of local sources such as inscriptions and coins. By providing information on public activities, education, family connections, and individual careers, it shows the extent of and geographical variation in Greek provincial reaction to the changes accompanying the establishment of Roman rule. In general, new local administrative and social developments during the period were most heavily influenced by traditional pre-Roman practices, while innovations were few and of limited importance. Concentrating on the province of Asia, one of the most urbanized Greek-speaking provinces of Rome, this work demonstrates that Greek local administration remained diverse under the Romans, while at the same time local Greek nobility gradually merged with the Roman ruling class into one imperial elite. This conclusion interprets the interference of Roman authorities in local administration as a form of interaction between different segments of the imperial elite, rejecting the old explanation of such interference as a display of Roman control over subjects.
Myth and Society
Authors: Cameron Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the relevance or importance of Greek mythology in the vast world of the Roman empire? Moderns are understandably drawn to the way Roman poets and artists make use of particular myths: the vogue (for example) for the myth of the Golden Age in Catullus, Vergil, and Horace; the political exploitation of the gigantomachy myth for the victories of the princeps; more generally, the use of myth as source of imagery and exemplarity; or myth as allegory (whether physical, spiritual, or moral) in the essayists and philosophers; the development of certain mythical figures through different ages and literatures (the Ulysses theme, the Heracles theme, and so on); the sometimes puzzling myths chosen to decorate Roman sarcophagi. I myself have long been fascinated by the extraordinary vogue for the childhood rather than manhood of Achilles in the literature and (above all) art of the empire. No less intriguing in a different way is the negative attraction the old myths held for early Christians, who insisted on taking them literally, so that they could attack pagans for having unworthy gods (adulterers, parricides, crybabies). Obviously this can be seen as a sort of perverse tribute to their continuing power.
Authorship And Composition
Authors: Olivelle Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholars traditionally have regarded the composition of the MDh as a gradual process at the hands of anonymous and successive compilers, editors, and copyists lasting for several centuries, the same sort of agentless process that many have thought lies behind the composition of the great epic Mahiibhiirata. These compilers and editors, we are told, did nothing more than gather together proverbial sayings, moral maxims, and legal axioms that were floating in the mouths of people and handed down from generation to generation. The composition of the text is thus divorced from authorial intent and agency and from social, political, and economic context. The first to propose such a hypothesis was E. Washburn Hopkins (1885, 268): I draw the conclusion that the &lt;;astram [MDh] was in great part collated between the time when the bulk of the epic [MBh] was composed and its final completion, that previous to its collation there had existed a vast number of sententious remarks, proverbial wisdom, rules of morality etc.
Chapter Eleven
Authors: Olivelle Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A man seeking to extend his line; a man preparing to perform a sacrifice; a traveler; a man who has performed the sacrifice at which all his possessions are given away; a man who begs for the sake of his teacher, father, or mother; a student of the Veda; and a sick man—2these nine should be known a-; “bath-graduates,” Brahmins who are beggars pursuant to the Law. Gifts must be given to these destitutes in proportion to their eminence in vedic learning. To these Brahmins food should be given along with the sacrificial fees; to others, it is said, cooked food should be given outside the sacrificial arena. The king should bestow all sorts of precious gifts on Brahmins learned in the Veda according to their merits, as well as fees for the purpose of sacrifices.
The Tree of Life: An Overview
Authors: Baldauf S L , Bhattacharya D , Cockrill J , Hugenholtz P , Pawlowski J , Simpson A G B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of life, for most of life’s history, is about single-celled organisms, which come in one of two types, eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Most of life is probably prokaryotic, in terms of numbers of cells, numbers of species, and time on Earth. Two of the three domains of life are prokaryotic, the Archaea and the Bacteria, and theirs are the oldest fossils, found in the oldest unmetamorphosed rock[3.5 Byr (billion years) old; Schopf et al. 2002; but see Van Zuillen et al. 2002]. Therefore, the last universal common ancestor of all life (LUCA) was probably prokaryotic, that is, a small cell (1–5 mm diameter), with a small genome[∼1–10 megabases (million bases)], few or no internal membrane-bound structures, and able to meet all its living requirements using simple compounds (autotrophic). Eukaryotes were almost certainly derived from prokaryotes (but see Philippe, ch. 7 in this vol.). The oldest even arguably eukaryotic fossils are only ∼1.8 Byr old (Brocks et al. 1999). All well-studied eukaryotes have cells that are at least an order of magnitude larger than those of prokaryotes with genomes (100–10,000 megabases).
The Origin and Radiation of Eucaryotes
Authors: Philippe Hervé 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The inference of the universal Tree of Life has been a major quest in biology since the publication of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin in 1859 (Darwin 1859). The first attempt was done by Haeckel seven years later (Haeckel 1866). Yet, although this early phylogeny still appears reasonable, progress toward the resolution of the universal tree remained elusive for decades. This was in part because of the lack of rigorous method (the famous “art” of taxonomy) but was greatly resolved by the German entomologist Willy Hennig through the development of the so-called cladistic method (Hennig 1966). Indeed, the main difficulty was the scarcity of morphological characters (sensu lato, e.g., including ultrastructural or biochemical). The best example of this difficulty is provided by the study of prokaryotes. After many years of trials, Stanier and Van Niel were forced to conclude that “any systematic attempt to construct a detailed scheme of natural relationships becomes the purest speculation . . . the ultimate scientific goal of biological classification cannot be achieved in the case of bacteria” (Van Niel 1955:5). Similar difficulties, albeit to a lesser extent, were encountered for the phylogeny of unicellular eucaryotes (protists; Taylor 1978).
Spring Sense of Wonder: Under the Sea-Wind
Authors: Lytle Mark Hamilton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since Ancient Times, Mariners Have Told Stories of Fabulous sea creatures and ferocious monsters that lurked beneath the waves. Yet, few humans ever knew what manner of life the oceans might contain. Then, in November 1941, a remarkable book appeared—Under the Sea-Wind by Rachel Carson. One veteran voyager confessed to Carson that after a lifetime of travel on the seas he had been so much “impressed by [their] apparent lifeless aspect—’not a snout nor a spout did I see’” that he craved to know more about the mysteries the oceans held. Under the Sea Wind satisfied his curiosity as it took him along the seacoast and below the water’s surface, where snouts and spouts abounded.1
Fall The Fullness of Life: From The Edge of the Sea to DDT
Authors: Lytle Mark Hamilton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Success OF The Sea Around Us Created New Opportunities for Rachel Carson. Royalties freed her from the financial worries that had dogged her from childhood. With an independent income, she left government service and became a full-time writer, sought after by publishers with proposals for new projects. She celebrated her success with a brand new, two-tone Oldsmobile. Carson was freer, richer, and more productive than ever.
Such happiness was never complete, freedom never total. Having no idea that The Sea Around Us would sell so well, she had already contracted with Houghton Mifflin to do A Guide to Seashore Life on the Atlantic Coast. Deluged with speaking requests, showered with awards, and drowning in correspondence, she discovered that even though she had the means to concentrate on writing, she did not have the time.
From Bobby Jones to the Second World War
Authors: Sommers Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In golf, the center of power shifted remarkably after the First World War. Where earlier the great players had all been British, they were American when the war ended. A generation of British youth had been devastated by the war’s slaughter. Compared with British and European losses, American casualties had been light, and perhaps beca1,1se the war had been fought so far away, young Americans had been free to develop. Whatever the reason; Americans now ruled athletics.
Parity and the International Scene
Authors: Sommers Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Second World War ended in 1945. By the middle 1990s the world had been free of wide-scale war for fifty years. For the first time since Napoleonic times generations of young Europeans and those from the outposts of the British Empire were allowed to live their full lives. They prospered, especially in athletics, and particularly in golf.
From Babel to Dragomans
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bernard Lewis is recognized around the globe as one of the leading authorities on Islam. Hailed as “the world’s foremost Islamic scholar” ( Wall Street Journal), as “a towering figure among experts on the culture and religion of the Muslim world” ( Baltimore Sun), and as “the doyen of Middle Eastern studies” ( New York Times), Lewis is nothing less than a national treasure, a trusted voice that politicians, journalists, historians, and the general public have all turned to for insight into the Middle East. Now, this revered authority has brought together writings and lectures that he has written over four decades, featuring his reflections on Middle Eastern history and foreign affairs, the Iranian Revolution, the state of Israel, the writing of history, and much more. The essays cover such urgent and compelling topics as “What Saddam Wrought,” “Deconstructing Osama and His Evil Appeal,” “The Middle East, Westernized Despite Itself,” “The Enemies of God,” and “Can Islam be Secularized?” The collection ranges from two English originals of articles published before only in foreign languages, to previously unpublished writings, to his highly regarded essays from publications such as Foreign Affairs and The New York Review of Books. With more than fifty pieces in all, plus a new introduction to the book by Lewis, this is a valuable collection for everyone interested in the Middle East. Here then is a rich repository of wisdom on one of the key areas of the modern world--a wealth of profound reflections on Middle Eastern history, culture, politics, and current events.
The Mughals and the Ottomans
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first recorded exchange of diplomatic missions between the Ottoman Sultans and the Muslim rulers of the subcontinent dates from the years 1481–82, when embassies, letters, and gifts were exchanged between the Bahmanid kings Muhammad Shah (1463–82) and Mahmud Shah (1482–1518) and the Ottoman Sultans Mehmet II (1451–81) and Bayezid II (1481–1512). In the early years of the 16th century, the great victories of Selim I (1512– 20) against Iran and Egypt aroused interest in India as well as in other countries. Among the many letters received by the victorious Sultan was one from Muzaffar Shah II (1511–22), the king of Gujerat, congratulating the Sultan on his victories in Iran and telling of his own success in capturing Mandu from the Rajputs. Another letter, from the Indian general Malik Ayas, the governor of Surat, congratulated the Sultan on his victory over the Mamluks and his conquest of Egypt.
Friends and Enemies
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To begin with, the recent Arab-Israel dispute looked like what might be called a normal crisis—a quarrel between states, with the usual wrangle about the facts and rights of the situation. The crisis, it was agreed, was due to aggression or the threat of aggression—by Israel against the Arabs, or by the Arabs against Israel, according to the contending parties and their sympathisers. As the crisis developed, however, it became clear that aggression meant different things to different people, and that more was involved than the mere facts of the case.
The Anti-Zionist Resolution
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On November 10, 1975, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a Resolution declaring that “Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination.” Seventy-two votes were recorded in favor of the Resolution, and 35 against. There were 32 abstentions, and three countries— Romania, South Africa and Spain—for different reasons, were recorded as absent.
On Occidentalism and Orientalism
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a little book, written by the Turkish polymath Hajji Khalifa in 1655, called The Guide to the Perplexed concerning the History of the Greeks, the Romans and the Christians,1 in which he says that although these wretched people are bound in due course to roast in hell, they are in the mean-time becoming obnoxious; they are approaching the divinely guarded (i.e. the Ottoman) realms from both sides and becoming a serious danger. They have already caused certain lands which were previously part of the house of Islam to become part of the house of war, and it is becoming urgently necessary to know something about them.
The Dialectic of Crucified and Creative Love in Moltmann’s Early Theology
Authors: Mcdougall Joy Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Moltmann’s concept of God and his interpretation of divine love in his early theology, spanning the period from the publication of his first two major constructive works, Theology of Hope (1964) and The Crucified God (1972), until the publication of The Church in the Power of the Spirit (1975). The middle to late 1970s mark a “natural break” in Moltmann’s theological development, since at that point he began to shift from his thematic and highly contextual approach to theology and start the systematic development of his mature theology.’ Although Moltmann did not lay out a full-fledged doctrine of the Trinity in these earliest writings, they presage his mature trinitarian theology in several key aspects. Here we discover key interpretations of scripture, motifs drawn from the Western theological tradition, and analyses of contemporary culture, all of which recur in a more nuanced form in the Messianic Theology. A central aim of this chapter will be to identify these theological resources in Moltmann’s early writings to clarify both the biblical and the conceptual origins of his later trinitarian theology.
The Human Pilgrimage in the Messianic Life of Faith
Authors: Mcdougall Joy Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 4 I laid the cornerstone for Moltmann’s vision of the Christian life by analyzing the author’s messianic and social trinitarian reconstruction of an imago Dei anthropology. There I described how Moltmann draws upon his social trinitarian theology of love to reconceive the imago Dei in terms of an “analogia relationis,” an analogy of interpersonal relationships in human community. In keeping with his Reformed tradition, Moltmann portrays the imago Dei not as a quality or an attribute with which human beings are permanently endowed. It signifies a relationship to God, which God graciously establishes with human beings in the act of creation and which God actualizes ever anew. Through this relationship, God es tablishes human beings’ messianic destiny as God’s counterpart, God’s beloved Other in creation. The human being fulfills his or her messianic destiny as imago Dei by becoming an image of Christ, who incarnates for humankind what it means to be the true child of God-the beloved Other of God the Father. As imago Christi, human beings are called to respond to the Father’s self-communication of love as the Son did-with their own finite expression of self-giving love.
Mentoring Adolescent Girls:A Group Intervention for Preventing Dating Violence
Authors: Banister Elizabeth M , Begoray Deborah L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research has shown that the health status of adolescent girls has not improved in recent years (King, Boyce, & King, 1999). Adolescent girls face a number of serious health issues related to sexuality and relationships. Unplanned pregnancies, HIV/AIDS, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health concerns (Health Canada, 2002). In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified risky sexual behavior as one of six health behaviors most associated with mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth (CDC, 2004).