bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibration control for the solar panels of spacecraft: Innovation methods and potential approaches
Authors: Li Dongxu , Liu Wang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolar panels on spacecraft are typical kinds of flexible structures. Low‐frequency and large‐amplitude vibrations usually occur due to the inevitable disturbances of deployment impact, attitude/orbit maneuver, separation/docking impact, and so forth. These vibrations degrade the stability of the spacecraft platform, leading to a reduction in imaging quality and pointing direction accuracy. Vibration control is obligatory during flight missions. Here, we summarize the researches on vibration control of the solar panels. First, typical solar panels used in spacecraft and the specific difficulties in dynamic modeling and control design are introduced. Next, the researches on dynamic modeling methods, decentralized vibration control strategy, and in‐orbit vibration controller design technologies are presented sequentially. Finally, a practical example where our method was successfully applied in‐orbit is described. In conclusion, the theories, methods, and technologies presented in this review hold significant value for achieving high‐precision performance in large spacecraft.
Mononuclear cell therapy of neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy in preclinical versus clinical studies: A systematic analysis of therapeutic efficacy and study design
Authors: Scrutton Alexander M. , Ollis Francesca , Boltze Johannes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating condition affecting around 8.5 in 1000 newborns globally. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) can reduce mortality and, to a limited extent, disability after HIE. Nevertheless, there is a need for new and effective treatment strategies. Cell‐based treatments using mononuclear cells (MNCs), which can be sourced from umbilical cord blood, are currently being investigated. Despite promising preclinical results, there is currently no strong indicator for the clinical efficacy of the approach. This analysis aimed to provide potential explanations for this discrepancy.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Preclinical and clinical studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov using a predefined search strategy. A total of 17 preclinical and 7 clinical studies were included. We analyzed overall MNC efficacy in preclinical trials, the methodological quality of preclinical trials, and relevant design features in preclinical versus clinical trials.ResultsThere was evidence for MNC therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of HIE. The methodological quality of preclinical studies was not optimal, and statistical design quality was particularly poor. However, methodological quality was above the standard in other fields. There were significant differences in preclinical versus clinical study design including the use of TH as a baseline treatment (only in clinical studies) and much higher MNC doses being applied in preclinical studies.ConclusionsBased on the analyzed data, it is unlikely that therapeutic effect size is massively overestimated in preclinical studies. It is more plausible that the many design differences between preclinical and clinical trials are responsible for the so far lacking proof of the efficacy of MNC treatments in HIE. Additional preclinical and clinical research is required to optimize the application of MNC for experimental HIE treatment.
Selective exercise of discretion in disability insurance awards
Authors: Garcia‐Gomez Pilar , Koning Pierre , O'Donnell Owen , Riumalló‐Herl Carlos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVariation in assessor stringency in awarding benefits leaves applicants exposed to uninsured risk that could be systematic if discretion were exercised selectively. Using administrative data on disability insurance (DI) applications in the Netherlands, we show that even in one of the most rule‐based DI programs, there is still between assessor variation in awards, and there is systematic variation in assessment across applicants. Discretion is exercised in favor of lower‐wage applicants relatively more than it is used to benefit higher‐wage applicants. This is evident indirectly from downward discontinuities in pre‐disability wages just above benefit entitlement thresholds and directly from wage‐related differences in the extent to which assessors intervene in the semi‐automated calculation of earnings capacity. While lower‐wage applicants benefit on average, they are exposed to greater risk from between assessor variation in the exercise of discretion. Rule‐based disability evaluation can reduce, but not eliminate, between‐applicant variation in awards.
Global burden trends of MAFLD‐related liver cancer from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Huang Hangkai , Liu Zhening , Xu Miao , Chen Yishu , Xu Chengfu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsMetabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a serious public health challenge and is a cause of liver cancer. Reports on the global epidemiology of MAFLD‐related liver cancer remain limited. This study aimed to estimate the global burden trends of MAFLD‐related liver cancer between 1990 and 2019.MethodsWe estimated the numbers of global incident cases, deaths, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of MAFLD‐related liver cancer by analyzing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We also analyzed the trends and regional and national differentials of MAFLD‐related liver cancer. Finally, we investigated the influential factors for the trends in MAFLD‐related liver cancer.ResultsGlobally, there were 36,340 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 29,490–44,860) incident cases, 34,730 (95% UI: 28,390–43,180) deaths, and 795,810 (95% UI: 657,290–975,790) DALYs of MAFLD‐related liver cancer in 2019, representing increases of 205%, 195%, and 166% compared with 1990, respectively. The age‐standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rates per 100,000 population in 2019 were 0.44, 0.43, and 9.64, respectively. The most pronounced increases in incidence, deaths, and DALYs were consistently observed in countries with a high sociodemographic index. Increasing trends were noted in these three measures since 2005, and the trends were much greater in men than in women.ConclusionsMAFLD‐related liver cancer poses a substantial global burden that continues to grow. Undesirable trends were observed in countries with a high sociodemographic index.
Evolutionary Algorithms for Multi‐Center Solutions
Authors: Rawash Sami , Turton David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLarge classes of multi‐center supergravity solutions have been constructed in the study of supersymmetric black holes and their microstates. Many smooth multi‐center solutions have the same charges as supersymmetric black holes, with all centers deep inside a long black‐hole‐like throat. These configurations are constrained by regularity, absence of closed timelike curves, and charge quantization. Due to these constraints, constructing explicit solutions with several centers in generic arrangements, and with all parameters in physically relevant ranges, is a hard task. In this work, an optimization algorithm, based on evolutionary algorithms and Bayesian optimization is presented, that systematically constructs numerical solutions satisfying all constraints. Explicit examples of novel five‐center and seven‐center machine‐precision solutions are exhibited.
Leveraging epoch‐era analysis and digital twin for effective system concept and execution: A CO2$_2$ storage salt‐cave project
Authors: Vieira Daniel P. , Fonseca Ícaro A. , Nishimoto Kazuo , Assi Gustavo R. S. , Gaspar Henrique M. , Rhodes Donna H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the demand to reduce the release of CO‐rich gases into the atmosphere, the offshore industry is turning to systems for gas capture and storage. The construction of a cave for that purpose is planned in the salt layer of the Santos Basin, Brazil; however, numerous factors bring uncertainties to the project. We propose combining systems engineering methods and digital twin technology to enable system concept and execution aiming at value robustness. The system is modeled in mission, subsystems, components, and design attributes. System utilities and costs are estimated for a range of viable solutions based on the relevance of each attribute to the stakeholders. The alternatives are evaluated using the Epoch‐Era Analysis framework for analyzing the system's performance over time in changing future scenarios. The system model also outlines a digital twin concept and identifies how it might support salt cave design and operations. Finally, the potential of tuning and improving system evaluation based on gathered data is examined, and measures toward further digital twin development are recommended.
Accuracy and diagnostic performance of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology in a tertiary endocrine surgical referral center in Belgium
Authors: Kinet Sam , Cornette Hendrik , Van Den Heede Klaas , Brusselaers Nele , Van Slycke Sam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is a commonly used classification for fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of suspicious thyroid nodules. The risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category has recently been analyzed in three international databases. This paper compares the diagnostic performance of the Bethesda classification in a high‐volume referral center in Belgium.MethodsAll consecutive thyroid procedures were registered in a prospective database from January 2010 till August 2022. Patient and surgical characteristics, preoperative Bethesda categories, and postoperative pathology results were analyzed.ResultsOut of 2219 consecutive thyroid procedures, 1226 patients underwent preoperative FNA. Papillary thyroid cancer was the most prevalent malignancy (N = 119, 70.4%), followed by follicular (N = 17, 10.1%) and medullary thyroid cancer (N = 15, 8.9%). Micropapillary thyroid cancer was incidentally found in 46 (3.8%) patients. Bethesda categories I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, respectively, represented 250 (20.4%; ROM 4.4%), 546 (44.5%; ROM 3.8%), 96 (7.8%; ROM 20.8%), 231 (18.8%; ROM 15.2%), 62 (5.1%; ROM 72.6%), and 41 (3.3%; ROM 90.2%) patients. Overall ROM was 13.8%. An negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.2% was found. Overall specificity was 64.2% with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 31.9%. Diagnostic accuracy was 67.8%. Compared to international databases (CESQIP, EUROCRINE, and UKRETS), ROM in this study appeared lower for Bethesda category IV (15.2 vs. 26.7% and p = 0.612).ConclusionDespite being validated in numerous studies, ROM based on preoperative FNA cytology classified according to the Bethesda classification may vary among surgical centers and countries as this study reveals a higher NPV and lower PPV.
The Main Indicators of Gender (in)Equality
Authors: di Bella Enrico , Suter Christian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe topic of gender (in)equality is increasingly at the centre of international debate due to its numerous implications on our society’s socioeconomic context. Indeed, gender equality is one of the determinants of economic growth, human capital development, and more generally, a sustainable development model (Kabeer & Natali, 2013; Moorhouse, 2017; Profeta, 2017; Maceira, 2017). Several initiatives have been undertaken at the international level to support greater gender equality. In 2015, the W20 group was established at the summit of the world’s top 20 economies (G20) with the primary objective of empowering women by ensuring that they play a prominent role in the G20 process. Another noteworthy initiative was the inclusion of gender equality among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (Goal #5) identified by the UN in Resolution A/RES/70/1 on 25 September 2015:
Comparative Analysis of Regional Gender Disparities
Authors: Fachelli Sandra , López-Roldán Pedro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe analysis of gender equality at country level is a key information tool to assess the impact of gender policies as well as the trends of change over time regarding this social reality. In this chapter we would like to deepen this type of analysis by investigating at the regional level (NUTS2) to what extent differentiated behaviour can be observed within each country. We have chosen Italy, Spain and France as case study, covering a total of 62 regions, to analyse gender equality with the different indicators proposed in the GEI and to be able to observe what particularities emerge from a disaggregated territorial analysis, essential for the development of local gender policies. We carried out two types of analysis: a) the construction of the index and the analysis of the six main domains that define the measure: Work, Money, Time, Power, Knowledge and Health, with the aim of typifying the regions analysed, showing specific structures and dynamics that allow us to enrich the conclusions of the analyses; b) to relate the results obtained in the RGEI to elements linked to other indicators of economic, social, cultural, political and demographic development. The relevance of this analysis is inscribed in the importance of the persistent regional disparities observed in Europe. Monitoring these regional gender differences is essential in order to identify processes of convergence (or divergence) that are urgently needed and for the evaluation and implementation of policies at regional level.
Gender-Responsive Regional Policies: Gender Budgeting
Authors: Bonazzi Leda Maria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAchieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls has been identified by the United Nations as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) “to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all” by 2030. The importance of this topic is related to the fact that gender gaps are responsible for significant losses in economic growth, human development, and more generally, sustainable development (Kabeer & Natali, 2013; Moorhouse, 2017; Profeta, 2017). In fact, eliminating gender inequalities can not only increase female economic participation and boost economic growth but also improve health outcomes for women and children.
Advancing Human Progress as a Twenty-First-Century Science and Technology Pioneer
Authors: Garijo Belén , Heinzel Matthias , Guenter Peter , Beckmann Kai , Kuhnert Marcus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, society has been under tremendous stress. Geopolitical, environmental, and social forces have been converging at an unprecedented pace to make our world more complex and uncertain. Within this challenging environment, science has been one beacon of hope across borders, cultures, and markets.
Is Trust Enforceable? The Conservation of Contemporary Artworks from a Socio-legal Perspective
Authors: Miller Zoë , Moerland Anke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe conservation of works of contemporary art is a complex endeavour and involves a variety of actors. As well as the artist, museums, collectors, gallerists and conservators are involved in activities relating to conservation. It is not self-evident that all of them will have the same interests when dealing with a contemporary artwork. Conflicts can occur in relation to the conditions of ownership, access, display, and integrity of the artwork. In order to manage a divergence of expectations, it is essential for parties to trust that they will work according to shared values and beliefs. This chapter explores the relationship between artists and museums in terms of trust and control and considers the role that contracts can play to manage expectations of artists and museums, and to regulate aspects of the conservation of contemporary artwork currently not addressed by copyright law. Drawing on literature from the fields of sociology and art, we explore how trust and control influence the relationship between the artist and the museum. Legal doctrinal methods help us to explain how copyright law applies to aspects of the conservation of contemporary art, and what provisions contracts could include to address parties’ expectations.
Making Time
Authors: Laurenson Pip 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter considers the different temporalities within the contemporary art museum and explores how externally funded research affords thicker care time to enable an engagement with works that challenge the structures, systems and temporalities of the museum. Drawing on the idea of a “timescape” introduced by the sociologist Barbara Adam, it considers the “timescapes” of conservation practice and thinking, of the museum and of artworks, and how these different and sometimes conflicting temporalities impact our practices of care.
No Longer Artwork
Authors: Valle Noronha Marina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this conceptual chapter I explore, from a curatorial perspective, a new approach to the lifespan of artworks in museum collections. At a time when the managing of collections is under pressure because of new theories on the conservation of contemporary art, the conventional understanding of collection management might no longer hold. I speculate on how philosopher’s Tristan Garcia’s non-linear notion of time, in which the future does not exist and time is marked by intensities of presence, makes us re-think the engagement with objects perceived as deviant in collections. I investigate further implications of recent attempts in contemporary conservation theory that account for the temporal nature of artworks and explore what it means for artworks that, despite attempts to progressive thinking, they are still perceived as no longer suitable for display because of their material degradation. Through this, I aim at offering ways of engaging with objects whose changing artwork properties have been, for different reasons, regarded as impaired by their hosting institutions. I focus on what I call a “complex object family” formed by different entities of artist Naum Gabo’s Construction in Space: Two Cones, 1927–1937. As part of this complex object family formation, I also discuss versions of artist Marianne Vierø’s work Great Transformation (2015).
Visible Issues. Insights Into the Professional Identity of the Conservator
Authors: Macedo Rita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter addresses the professional identity of the contemporary art museum conservator. It departs from a general review of the literature about the professional role of the conservator to focus on how practitioners see themselves in their profession when it comes to their values, beliefs, the functions performed and perceived relationships with colleagues. I also discuss how conservators think they are seen by others (colleagues or the anonymous public). Aware of the complexity of relationships that shape the contemporary art museum, this chapter focuses specifically on the identity of conservation professionals and their reported invisibility to colleagues and the public. I argue that while some of the factors that negatively influence a conservator’s self-perception come from beliefs and stereotypes formed along with the construction of professional identity, others are consolidated and perpetuated in the context of the museum, where these identities do not seem to have room for transformation or renegotiation, through professional agency.
Classical Liberalism Against Populism
Authors: Karlson Nils 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces and summarizes the major themes, arguments, and contributions of this book. How can liberals and classical liberals fight back against the populist threat to liberty, free markets, and the open society? I explore the defining characteristics of populism, to make populism intelligible, recognizable, and contestable. I explain the ideational background of the populist ideas and strategies and show how populists promote their non-liberal institutional changes through the deliberate polarization of society and a collectivistic identity politics. Based on this analysis several counterstrategies are developed that require a revival of classical liberalism.
A Threat to Liberty, Free Markets, and the Open Society
Authors: Karlson Nils 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter the support for populist parties and regimes, and their threats to democracy, liberty, and the open society are summarized. It is shown how, over the last decades, populist voter support and the use of populist rhetoric have increased continuously, while democracy has been backsliding, and liberty, free markets, and the open society have been curtailed.
Explaining Populism and Autocratization
Authors: Karlson Nils 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter the most popular explanations that have been proposed for why and how populists succeed are discussed and synthesized into “a populist model of autocratization”. Explanations dealing with (1) globalization, immigration, and policy failures; (2) culture and identity; (3) psychology and human nature; (4) social media and echo chambers; and (5) charismatic leaders and policy entrepreneurs, are included in the analysis. My conclusion is that the populist ideas, beliefs, and values, related to identity and shaped by the populist rhetorical style and discourse frames, play the central role.
The Populist Divisive, Activist Ideas
Authors: Karlson Nils 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter the ideational roots of the populist ideas are traced back to thinkers like Rousseau, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Carl Schmitt, later to be developed within post-modernism and critical theory. Identity politics, as a politics of resentment and recognition, and as a function of meaning, community, and virtue are discussed and analyzed. I argue that populism, on both the left and the right, is a kind of collectivistic identity politics that appeals to the ‘people’ by constructing narratives that give a sense of belonging and by offering a purpose and meaning.
Expose the Populist Strategies and Their Consequences
Authors: Karlson Nils 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this short chapter the first counterstrategy to fight back against populists, both on the left and on the right, is presented. I argue that many supporters of populism are neither aware of the deliberate manipulation that lies behind the strategies used by populists, nor the negative consequences that follow for society at large, for democracy, and in the end for the supporters of the populists themselves. Hence, it is necessary to expose the populist strategies and to explain their consequences.