bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal Ototoxicity of Topical Antibiotics and the Relevance to Clinical Treatment of Human Subjects
Authors: Roland Peter S. , Rybak Leonard , Hannley Maureen , Matz Greg , Stewart Michael G. , Manolidis Spiros , Friedman Rick , Weber Peter , Owens Fred 
Published: March 2004

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on animal ototoxicity from ototopical medications. A secondary objective was to assess the relevance of animal data to the use of ototopical drops in clinical situations involving humans.STUDY DESIGNWe performed a MEDLINE search of the published literature using appropriate search terms to identify pertinent articles, which were reviewed, summarized, and tabulated.RESULTSOne hundred seventy‐three articles were reviewed; 61 articles were appropriate to the study question and were further analyzed.CONCLUSIONSVirtually all studies demonstrate that aminoglycoside antibiotics, when applied topically into the middle ear space, are ototoxic in experimental animals.
Graft‐versus‐Host‐Disease: Ein interdisziplinäres Problem aus der Sicht des Dermatologen
Authors: Rupec Rudolf A. , Plewig Gerd 
Published: March 2004

ZusammenfassungDie Graft‐versus‐Host‐Disease (GVHD) der Haut ist eine häufige Komplikation im Anschluß an eine Transplantation hämatopoetischer Stammzellen. In Abhängigkeit vom Zeitpunkt ihres Auftretens wird zwischen der akuten und chronischen GVHD unterschieden. Stellt sich die akute GVHD relativ einheitlich, wenn auch sehr unterschiedlich in ihrer Ausprägung dar, so zeichnet sich die chronische GVHD durch ein breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Manifestationen an der Haut aus. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll neben den pathophysiologischen Vorgängen, die der GVHD zugrunde liegen, ihre unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen an der Haut, sowie die derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Therapiemöglichkeiten wiedergeben.
Performance of an iterated T-HMM for homology detection
Authors: Qian Bin , Goldstein Richard A. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Motivation: Much information about new protein sequences is derived from identifying homologous proteins. Such tasks are difficult when the evolutionary relationships are distant. Some modern methods achieve better results by building a model of a set of related sequences, and then identifying new proteins that fit the model. A further advance was the development of iterative methods that refine the model as more homologs are discovered. These methods are generally limited by ad hoc methods of sequence weighting, neglect of underlying evolutionary relationships and the representation of the set with a single one-size-fits-all model. These limitations are avoided through the use of a Tree hidden Markov model (T-HMM) approach. Our previous work described how a non-iterative version of the T-HMM method could identify distant homologs with superior performance compared with other non-iterated approaches, and described how this method was particularly appropriate for being implemented as an iterative algorithm.
Results: We describe an iterative version of the T-HMM algorithm, and evaluate its performance for the detection of distant homologs. Significant improvement over other commonly used methods is found.
Availability: The software (C++, Perl) is available from the corresponding author.
Exploiting the kernel trick to correlate fragment ions for peptide identification via tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fu Yan , Yang Qiang , Sun Ruixiang , Li Dequan , Zeng Rong , Ling Charles X. , Gao Wen 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Motivation: The correlation among fragment ions in a tandem mass spectrum is crucial in reducing stochastic mismatches for peptide identification by database searching. Until now, an efficient scoring algorithm that considers the correlative information in a tunable and comprehensive manner has been lacking.
Results: This paper provides a promising approach to utilizing the correlative information for improving the peptide identification accuracy. The kernel trick, rooted in the statistical learning theory, is exploited to address this issue with low computational effort. The common scoring method, the tandem mass spectral dot product (SDP), is extended to the kernel SDP (KSDP). Experiments on a dataset reported previously demonstrate the effectiveness of the KSDP. The implementation on consecutive fragments shows a decrease of 10% in the error rate compared with the SDP. Our software tool, pFind, using a simple scoring function based on the KSDP, outperforms two SDP-based software tools, SEQUEST and Sonar MS/MS, in terms of identification accuracy.
Supplementary Information: http://www.jdl.ac.cn/user/yfu/pfind/index.html
Bayesian hierarchical error model for analysis of gene expression data
Authors: Cho HyungJun , Lee Jae K. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Motivation: Analysis of genome-wide microarray data requires the estimation of a large number of genetic parameters for individual genes and their interaction expression patterns under multiple biological conditions. The sources of microarray error variability comprises various biological and experimental factors, such as biological and individual replication, sample preparation, hybridization and image processing. Moreover, the same gene often shows quite heterogeneous error variability under different biological and experimental conditions, which must be estimated separately for evaluating the statistical significance of differential expression patterns. Widely used linear modeling approaches are limited because they do not allow simultaneous modeling and inference on the large number of these genetic parameters and heterogeneous error components on different genes, different biological and experimental conditions, and varying intensity ranges in microarray data.
Results: We propose a Bayesian hierarchical error model (HEM) to overcome the above restrictions. HEM accounts for heterogeneous error variability in an oligonucleotide microarray experiment. The error variability is decomposed into two components (experimental and biological errors) when both biological and experimental replicates are available. Our HEM inference is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo to estimate a large number of parameters from a single-likelihood function for all genes. An F-like summary statistic is proposed to identify differentially expressed genes under multiple conditions based on the HEM estimation. The performance of HEM and its F-like statistic was examined with simulated data and two published microarray datasets—primate brain data and mouse B-cell development data. HEM was also compared with ANOVA using simulated data.
Availability: The software for the HEM is available from the authors upon request.
The DISOPRED server for the prediction of protein disorder
Authors: Ward Jonathan J. , McGuffin Liam J. , Bryson Kevin , Buxton Bernard F. , Jones David T. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Summary: Dynamically disordered regions appear to be relatively abundant in eukaryotic proteomes. The DISOPRED server allows users to submit a protein sequence, and returns a probability estimate of each residue in the sequence being disordered. The results are sent in both plain text and graphical formats, and the server can also supply predictions of secondary structure to provide further structural information.
Availability: The server can be accessed by non-commercial users at http://bioinf.cs.ucl.ac.uk/disopred/
Prognostic Value of Resection Margins in Supracricoid Laryngectomy
Authors: Gallo Andrea , Manciocco Valentina , Tropiano Maria Luisa , Simonelli Marilia , Marvaso Vincenzo , D'Arcangelo Enzo , de Vincentiis Marco 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to assess the prognostic value of surgical margin involvement in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsA review was made of 253 patients treated with supracricoid laryngectomy between 1984 and 2001. A histopathological study on the surgical resection margins was performed in all cases. The incidence of local recurrence was correlated with the histological features of resection margins.ResultsForty patients (15.8%) were identified as having positive margins: 29 had invasive carcinoma and 11 had dysplastic lesions. The remaining 213 patients (84.2%) had negative margins. Subsequent follow‐up showed that 19 of 253 patients developed local recurrence and 3 patients developed regional recurrence. Nine of these patients had positive resection margins (six with invasive carcinoma and three with dysplastic lesions), and 10 had negative resection margins. Overall survival at 3 years was significantly higher for patients without recurrence than for patients with local or regional failure (89.9% vs. 45.5% [P< .05]).ConclusionAccording to results of the study, patients with positive resection margins developed local recurrence more frequently than those with clear resection margins (P< .05).
Reconstruction of Anterior Nasal Septum: Back‐to‐Back Autogenous Ear Cartilage Graft
Authors: Pirsig Wolfgang , Kern Eugene B. , Verse Thomas 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis The ideal material for reconstructing the nasal septum in the deficient nose has not been found. Since 1986, the authors have used autogenous cartilage from the cavum conchae to successfully correct the anterior septum and the associated cartilaginous saddle. The long‐term results in 26 patients with a destroyed septum and a saddle nose are reported.Study Design Retrospective study.Methods The mean age of the patients at surgery was 40.2 years, and the mean number of previous nasal procedures was 1.6. Because 11 patients had septal perforations and insufficient septal cartilage or bone, ear cartilage grafts from the cavum conchae were harvested through an anterolateral approach. A special incision was used to divide the concave ear cartilage while preserving the posterior perichondrium. This produced a stable, balanced back‐to‐back graft. The graft was 2.5 to 3 cm long, long enough to allow reconstruction of the anterior septum and to correct part of the saddle nose deformity. The rest of the conchal cartilage was used to fill the remaining cartilaginous saddle. Follow‐up investigations included photographs and visual analogue scales of the patients' symptoms and satisfaction.Results After a mean interval of 36.7 ± 22.3 months, the back‐to‐back grafts showed no macroscopic signs of resorption. Graft position and shape remained intact after transplantation. All noses were adequately projected and mobile. All patients but one were satisfied with the functional and esthetic result. With a score of 4 representing the level of satisfaction as “very good,” the mean score of the patients was 3.2 ± 0.79. The saddle of the nose completely disappeared in 65.4% of patients, was minimally visible in 23.1%, and was slightly present in 11.5%. Nasal breathing improved considerably in 21 patients, remained the same in 4 patients, and worsened in 1 patient. The mean score of all patients for nasal breathing was 7.3 ± 1.87 on a visual analogue scale of 0 to 10, with 10 representing satisfaction as “very good”.Conclusion The back‐to‐back autogenous ear cartilage graft is a viable, stable, and balanced graft for functional and aesthetic reconstruction of the anterior nasal septum and cartilaginous saddle deformity in patients with a severely traumatized and deficient septum.
Vascular Leiomyoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Ping , Chang Yih‐Leong , Sheen Tzung‐Shiahn 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Vascular leiomyoma, a benign tumor composed of smooth muscle cell and vascular endothelium, is rare in the head and neck region. The authors report their experience with 21 patients.Study Design Retrospective review.Methods From 1988 to 2001, the clinical records of 21 patients with vascular leiomyoma of the head and neck were reviewed. The pathological material of each tumor was reviewed again for confirmation of the diagnosis and histological classification proposed by Morimoto.Results Twelve male and 9 female patients were studied. The mean age was 48 years. The locations and numbers of cases of the tumors were as follows: auricle, five; nasal cavity, three; external nose, 3; neck, 3; lip, 3; inner canthus, 2; forehead, 1; and hard palate, 1. All tumors were painless, and most were less than 2 cm in diameter. Three vascular leiomyomas of the neck were larger than 2 cm. Two of the three tumors originating in the nasal cavity presented with nasal obstruction or epistaxis. Regarding histological subtype, 14 of 21 (67%) tumors were solid type; 6 (28%) were cavernous type, and only one (5%) was venous type. Only one tumor (5%) recurred after excision.Conclusion Vascular leiomyoma usually presents as a small, painless mass. Auricle, nose, lip, and neck are the most common sites of occurrence. Unusually large vascular leiomyomas are developed in the deep space of the neck. Imaging study or cytological examination is not helpful for diagnosis. Histological classification is not necessary. Simple excision yields excellent results.
Location and Timing of Initial Osteoid Deposition in Postmeningitic Labyrinthitis Ossificans Determined by Multiple Fluorescent Labels
Authors: Tinling Steven P. , Colton J. , Brodie Hilary A. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Variable amounts of fibrosis and neo‐ossification fill the cochlea following bacterial meningitis. The purpose of the study was to delineate the timing and location of initial ossification following pneumococcal meningitis, as well as subsequent remodeling and resorption, over the 3‐month period after infection.Study Design Randomized, double‐blind study.Methods Fluorochromes are compounds that specifically incorporate into ossifying bone. Sequential addition of different colored fluorochromes during osteoneogenesis define the timing and location of osteoid deposition and mineralization. Mongolian gerbils were infected by intrathecal injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, and control gerbils received saline. Both groups were injected with calcein on postoperative day 3, followed by xylenol orange, oxytetracycline, and alizarin red on days 7, 14, and 28 respectively. Ten experimental gerbils were killed 24 hours after each label, and an additional group at 84 days after infection. Two groups of 10 control gerbils were killed at 29 and 84 days after treatment. The temporal bones and tibias were harvested, embedded in plastic, and sliced with a diamond saw. Wafers at a thickness of 200 μm were mounted in sequence and examined.Results Sixteen of 49 experimental animals (33%) were positive for at least one of the fluorescent labels. Fluorescent labeled osteoid was present at all sampling times. Label extended from the endosteal wall into the lumen of the scala tympani between the vestibule and the round window membrane. Discrete sites of fluorescence varied among specimens and were associated with the opening of the cochlear aqueduct, the scala tympani, organ of Corti, and the stria vascularis and spiral ligament in all turns from base to apex.Conclusion The results indicate that osteoid is deposited and begins mineralization by day 3 after infection, at least, and continues, at least, through the first 28 days after infection. There was no apparent resorption of new bone and remodeling by 84 days after infection.
Perioperative Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Thyroid Surgery: Preliminary Report
Authors: Warren Frank M. , Andersen Peter E. , Wax Mark K. , Cohen James I. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis An immediate method of accurately predicting postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy would allow for selective early discharge of patients at low risk. The objective of the study was to determine the utility of perioperative parathyroid hormone measurement in predicting postoperative hypocalcemia after a thyroid surgery that places total parathyroid function at risk.Study Design Prospective case series.Methods Twenty‐seven patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy had three blood samples drawn for parathyroid hormone measurement before dissection, 10 minutes after specimen removal, and in the recovery room. Serial ionized calcium levels were measured in the postoperative period. Preoperative, postresection, and recovery room levels were compared with postoperative ionized calcium levels.Results The average values before resection, after resection, and in the recovery room were 69.3 (range, 13–163), 42.3 (range, 0–120), and 37.4 (range 7–79) pg/mL, respectively. The incidence of hypocalcemia was 11% (3 of 27 patients). The rate of hypocalcemia was significantly higher (50%) in patients with recovery room parathyroid hormone values of 10 pg/mL or less relative to patients with recovery room parathyroid hormone values greater than 10 pg/mL (4%) in this setting (P = .01). Among patients with a parathyroid hormone value of less than 15 pg/mL in the recovery room, an increasing parathyroid hormone level in the recovery room relative to the level after resection predicted normocalcemia without calcium supplementation on χ2 analysis (P = .01).Conclusion The study demonstrated that perioperative parathyroid hormone values can help predict patients who are at highest risk for postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery.
Hormonal and Antihormonal Therapy for Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Jameson John J. , Cave David R. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Objectives were to assess available information on hormonal therapy for bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), to determine whether there is a role for hormonal therapy as an initial therapeutic option, and to report the second known case of response in HHT to antihormonal therapy. Study Design: Literature review and case report.Methods The literature on hormonal and antihormonal therapy for HHT was reviewed. Medical records for the case reported in the present study were evaluated to confirm the diagnosis and assess responses to surgical and nonsurgical treatments.Results All reports of success using hormonal therapy for HHT‐related bleeding were either retrospective or uncontrolled with the exception of two. Anecdotal evidence with high‐dose estrogen appeared to show success, but serious side effects have discouraged use. One controlled trial found no benefit for intermediate dose, single‐agent estrogen. The other controlled trial appeared to show benefit with low‐dose estrogen‐progesterone in HHT with gastrointestinal tract bleeding and was supported by an uncontrolled study showing efficacy in epistaxis. The case reported in the present study demonstrated long‐term cessation of epistaxis with tamoxifen in a postmenopausal woman.Conclusions Systemic estrogen‐progesterone at doses used for oral contraception may eliminate bleeding in symptomatic HHT and is a reasonable initial option in fertile women. There is no information on possible effects of lower‐dose estrogen‐progesterone used in postmenopausal women for hormone replacement therapy. Tamoxifen has dramatically eliminated HHT‐related bleeding in two cases. It is well tolerated in postmenopausal women and should be considered for randomized clinical trials.
Origin of Nasal Polyps: An Endoscopic Autopsy Study
Authors: Larsen Per L. , Tos Mirko 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives/HypothesisTo further elucidate the natural history, etiology, and pathogenesis of nasal polyps, the present study of their anatomical site of origin was undertaken. The possibility for preferred areas or certain patterns in the places of origin was also considered.Study DesignAutopsies were examined consecutively.MethodsEndoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including endoscopic sinus surgery, was performed in 69 autopsies. The place of origin and attachment of each polyp was meticulously described. Polyps were photographically documented in situ and removed, together with the corresponding mucosa, for later histological examination. The cause of death of the patients was either cardiopulmonary disease or malignant diseases. Median age was 73 years (age range, 47–94 y).ResultsNasal polyps were found in 22 of the 69 autopsies, corresponding to a frequency of 32%. In all, 54 polyps were found. Thirty‐nine polyps were small (length, 2–5 mm), 10 were medium‐sized, and 5 were large. No complaints of symptoms from the nasal polyps were registered. Most of the polyps (40 of 54 [74%]) originated in relation to sinus outlets. Most of these (34 of 54 [63%]) were found in the middle or superior meatus (13 of 54 [24%]).ConclusionThe results seemed to indicate that the frequency of nasal polyps is high and that most of the polyps originate from the mucosa of the ostia, clefts, and recesses in the ostiomeatal complex where the initial stage of sinonasal polyposis seems to take place. Continuous postmortem studies in autopsy materials and systematic endoscopic examinations for “silent,” asymptomatic nasal polyps in various groups of patients will lead to a better understanding of the natural history of nasal polyps.
Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction: The Skövde Population‐Based Study
Authors: Brämerson Annika , Johansson Leif , Ek Lars , Nordin Steven , Bende Mats 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis Patients with olfactory dysfunction appear repeatedly in ear, nose, and throat practices, but the prevalence of such problems in the general adult population is not known. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in an adult Swedish population and to relate dysfunction to age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking habits.Study Design Cross‐sectional, population‐based epidemiological study.Methods A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, who were stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about olfaction, diabetes, and smoking habits. Examination was performed with a smell identification test and nasal endoscopy.Results In all, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 19.1%, composed of 13.3% with hyposmia and 5.8% with anosmia. A logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between impaired olfaction and aging, male gender, and nasal polyps, but not diabetes or smoking. In an analysis of a group composed entirely of individuals with anosmia, diabetes mellitus and nasal polyps were found to be risk factors, and gender and smoking were not.Conclusion The sample size of the population‐based study was adequate, with a good fit to the entire population, which suggests that it was representative for the Swedish population. Prevalence data for various types of olfactory dysfunction could be given with reasonable precision, and suggested risk factors analyzed. The lack of a statistically significant relationship between olfactory dysfunction and smoking may be controversial.