bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel anti-amyloid-beta (Aβ) monoclonal antibody lecanemab for Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review
Authors: Chowdhury Selia , Chowdhury Nurjahan Shipa 
Published: October 2023

Background Lecanemab is the latest monoclonal antibody that targets beta-amyloid approved exclusively for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the efficacy, and safety of lecanemab in slowing clinical decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Methods A comprehensive search of various databases, including the National Institute of Health clinical trials registry, PubMed, and the Cochrane library, was conducted until July 2023 using the keywords lecanemab, BAN2401, and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, conference abstracts listed in the Cochrane database (including Embase) and drug information from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) label were examined. Only clinical trials published in the English language were considered. In total, 107 articles were retrieved, and after thorough evaluation, three randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trials involving 2729 participants were included in the analysis. Results The FDA approved lecanemab for Alzheimer's disease in January 2023 which acts as a novel disease-modifying anti-amyloid-beta (Aβ) human monoclonal antibody and is administered intravenously. Based on the clinical trials included in this review, lecanemab was found efficacious in reducing the accumulation of beta-amyloid and slowing down the cognitive decline and it was well tolerated. Lecanemab had a statistically significant change from baseline in Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Alzheimer’s Disease Composite Score (ADCOMS), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAScog14), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living Scale for Mild Cognitive Impairment (ADCS-MCI-ADL), and reductions in brain amyloid burden. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were headache, infusion-related reactions, and Amyloid related imaging abnormalities-edema. Conclusions Lecanemab therapy led to a substantial decrease in amyloid plaques and a noticeable slowing of clinical decline. The findings suggest a meaningful connection between the reduction in amyloid and the positive impact on patients' clinical outcomes, hinting at potential disease-modifying effects.
Peripheral Veno-Arterial-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Refractory Septic Shock in Children: A Multicenter Review
Authors: Warnock Brielle , Lafferty Gina Maria , Farhat Abdelaziz , Colgate Cameron , Dhar Archana , Gray Brian 
Published: October 2023

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is utilized as a rescue therapy in the management of pediatric patients with refractory septic shock. Multiple studies support the use of a central cannulation strategy in these patients. This study aimed to assess the survival of and identify mortality risk factors in pediatric patients supported with peripheral veno-arterial (VA) ECMO in the setting of septic shock. Methods We retrospectively reviewed and compared clinical characteristics of 40 pediatric patients supported with peripheral VA ECMO for refractory septic shock, at two tertiary care children's hospitals from 2006 to 2020. Our hypothesis was that peripheral VA ECMO is effective in supporting cardiac function and improving tissue oxygenation in most pediatric patients with refractory septic shock. Results The overall rate of survival to discharge was 52.5%, comparable to previously reported survival for pediatric sepsis on ECMO. With the exclusion of patients with an oncologic process, the survival rate rose to 62.5%. There was a statistically significant difference in mean pump flow rates within 2 hours of initiation of ECMO between survivors and non-survivors (98 mL/kg/min vs 76 mL/kg/min, P  =  .050). There was no significant difference between pre-ECMO vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) in survivors and non-survivors. A faster decrease in VIS in the first 24 hours was associated with lower mortality. Conclusions From this large case series, we conclude that peripheral VA ECMO is a safe and effective modality to support pediatric patients with refractory septic shock, provided there is establishment of high ECMO pump flows in the first few hours after cannulation and improvement in the VIS.
A Pragmatic, Person-Centered View of Cannabis in the United States: Pursuing Care That Transcends Beliefs
Authors: Bosley Hannah G. , Peña Juan M. , Penn Andrew D. , Sorensen James L. , Tierney Matthew , Flentje Annesa 
Published: October 2023

Background: Rates of cannabis use are increasing in the United States, likely as a result of changes in societal attitudes and expanding legalization. Although many patients report wanting to discuss the risks and benefits of cannabis use with their clinical providers, many providers hold conflicting beliefs regarding cannabis use and often do not engage patients in discussion about cannabis. This dilemma is underscored by the limitations imposed on cannabis related research, and lack of empirically based best-practice guidelines for clinicians when addressing cannabis use with patients. Objectives: We aimed to briefly summarize clinician and patient attitudes toward cannabis use and review current clinical guidelines and provide suggestions to assist health care providers and clinicians in increasing their comfort and skill in discussing cannabis use with patients. Methods: A narrative review on attitudes toward cannabis use and clinical guidelines was performed to summarize the literature and provide evidence-based recommendations. Results: Attitudes toward cannabis use have been shaped by personal and political factors and contribute to clinician hesitance in speaking with patients about the topic. Administrative barriers have hindered the development of clearer public health guidelines that might enable the dissemination of evidence-based information on the health effects of cannabis use and might ultimately lead to better health outcomes. Conclusion: Not discussing cannabis use with patients may be a crucial missed opportunity for harm reduction. In the absence of empirically supported best-practice guidelines, a person-centered approach can facilitate conversations on the harms and benefits of cannabis use.
The Association of Food Insecurity, Mental Health, and Healthcare Access and Use Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States: Results From the 2021 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Masa Rainier , Shangani Sylvia , Baruah Dicky , Operario Don 
Published: October 2023

Purpose We sought to describe the prevalence of food insecurity and its relationship with mental health, health care access, and use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the U.S. Design and Setting We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a cross-sectional study of noninstitutionalized adults from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Sample The study sample was restricted to LGB adults ≥18 years (N = 1178) from the 2021 NHIS survey. Measures Food security was assessed using the 10-item U.S Adult Food Security Survey Module. Study outcomes were mental health (depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and serious psychological distress), health care utilization, and medication adherence. Analysis Descriptive statistics and linear and generalized linear regressions. Results The study sample consisted of 69% White, 14% Hispanic/Latinx, 9% Black, and 8% people of other races. Approximately half (53%) identified as bisexual and 47% identified as gay or lesbian. Eleven percent were food insecure. Sexual orientation, income-to-poverty ratio, and health insurance were significant correlates of food insecurity. In multivariable analyses, food insecurity was significantly associated with mental illness (including depression, anxiety, and serious psychological distress), limited health care access and use (including inability to pay medical bills, delay in getting medical and mental health care, and going without needed medical and mental health care), and medication nonadherence (including skipping medication, taking less medication, delay filling prescription, and going without needed prescription). Conclusion Food insecurity is a constant predictor of adverse mental health and low medical and mental health care use rates among LGB adults in the United States. Achieving food security in LGB people requires improving their financial and nonfinancial resources to obtain food.
Reducing fire hazards and enhancing the thermal stability, acoustical, and UV protection of polyvinyl alcohol using bio-based flame retardant
Authors: Abdelkhalik Aksam , Makhlouf Ghada , El-Basheer Tarek M. 
Published: October 2023

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a highly flammable material, and enhancing its flame retardancy to pass the glow wire test is a great challenge. In this work, the melamine salt of tannic phosphate (MTP) was synthesized, characterized, and combined with PVA at 8, 10, 13, and 15 wt%. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that MTP enhanced the char formation of PVA at 750°C. Flammability tests showed that low concentrations of MTP can enhance the flame retardancy of PVA. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PVA increased from 18.8% to 39.9% in the PVA/15%MTP composite. The vertical flame spread test (UL94V) showed that PVA/13%MTP, and PVA/15%MTP composites achieved V0 rating. Glow wire test data indicated that PVA/10%MTP, PVA/13%MTP, and PVA/15%MTP composites had a glow wire flammability index (GWFI) of 960°C/2 mm. Moreover, all the composites passed the needle flame test when the flame application time was 120 s. PVA/15%MTP composite showed very good UV protection and an increase in sound absorption coefficient magnitude compared with pure PVA. The new results can increase the application of PVA in different industries.
Rural–Urban Health Care Cost Differences Among Latinx Adults With and Without Dementia in the United States
Authors: Gutiérrez Ángela , López-Anuarbe Mónika , Webster Noah J. , Mahmoudi Elham 
Published: October 2023

Objectives To compare rural–urban health care costs among Latinx adults ages 51+ and examine variations by dementia status. Methods Data are from the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2018 waves; n = 15,567). We inflation-adjusted all health care costs using the 2021 consumer price index. Geographic context and dementia status were the main exposure variables. We applied multivariate two-part generalized linear models and adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Results Rural residents had higher total health care costs, regardless of dementia status. Total health care costs were $850 higher in rural ($2,640) compared to urban ($1,789) areas ( p < .001). Out-of-pocket costs were $870 higher in rural ($2,677) compared to urban ($1,806) areas ( p < .001). Dementia status was not an effect modifier. Discussion Health care costs are disproportionately higher among Latinx rural, relative to urban, residents. Addressing health care costs among Latinx rural residents is a public health priority.
Applicants' success in the ethics entrance exam: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vierula Jonna , Karihtala Tiina , Ervaala Niina , Naamanka Kati , Haavisto Elina , Talman Kirsi 
Published: October 2023

Background Student selection is the first step in recruiting future social and healthcare professionals. Ethically competent professionals are needed in social and healthcare. It is important to select applicants who have the best possible abilities to develop their ethical competence in the future. Values-based recruitment has been used to inform the recruitment and selection of higher education applicants. However, objective and valid tests in student selection are needed. Aim To assess social and healthcare applicants’ success and related factors in the ethics section of the universities of applied sciences digital entrance examination (UAS Exam) to undergraduate degree programmes. Research design A cross-sectional design was used. Participants and research context Social and healthcare applicants needed to identify ethical situations in the ethics section of a national digital entrance examination (UAS Exam) in autumn 2019 (between 29 October and 1 November) in 20 Finnish universities of applied sciences. Ethical considerations The process for the responsible conduct of research was followed in the study. Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Human Sciences Ethics Committee in the Satakunta region (27 September 2019). Approval to undertake the study was obtained from the participating universities of applied sciences. Participation to the study was voluntary and based on informed consent. Results The applicants’ ( n = 8971) mean scores were 7.1/20 (standard deviation 6.5), and 22.7% of the applicants failed the ethics section. Age, previous education, and place of birth (own/parent) explained the applicants’ success in the ethics section (total score and failed exam results). Conclusion(s) Applicants’ success in the ethics section varied indicating that future students may have a different basis to develop their ethical competence. This may impact on (new) students’ learning, especially in practical studies.
Phytochemical Composition, Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Scorzonera undulata Methanolic Extracts: Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Apoptotic Effects on MCF7 Cells
Authors: Bédoui Imen , Nasr Hmed Ben , Ksouda Kamilia , Ayadi Wajdi , Louati Nour , Chamkha Mohamed , Choura Sirine , Gargouri Jalel , Hammami Serria , Affes Hanen , Hamadou Walid S. , Zammel Nourhene , Sherwani Subuhi , Zeghal Khaled , Badraoui Riadh 
Published: October 2023

Background Finding new effective substances to develop drugs against cancer or to prevent it remains a big challenge facing scientists and clinicians. Objectives In such an issue, we tested the anti-tumoral effect of Scorzonera undulata extracts on MCF7 cells. Materials and Methods Methanolic extracts of S. undulata roots (RSU) and aerial parts (ASU) from the Ha’il region were analyzed by HPLC. Their DPPH scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant potentials were evaluated. The MTT test was used to determine their cytotoxic effects on MCF7 cells using different concentrations, and their potential to induce apoptosis was determined by measuring the mitochondrial transmembrane loss of potential by flow cytometry using the JC-1 fluorescent marker. Results S. undulata was found to be rich in flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols. ASU contains great amounts of apigenin and gallic acid, whereas RSU contains luteolin and chlorogenic acid as major components. The potential to scavenge DPPH and the total antioxidant activity of ASU were twofold greater than those of RSU. MCF7 cell viability was reduced by 50% at concentrations of 4.22 ± 0.06 and 5.89 ± 0.08 mg.mL−1, respectively, for ASU and RSU at 24 h. In addition, S. undulata extracts induced MCF7 cells’ death through cell lysis and apoptosis. Conclusion As an edible vegetable, S. undulata is worth further exploration in alternative and complementary medication as it possesses significant antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials.
Perceived injustice: a historical and clinical review of a useful concept for psychiatry
Authors: Plevin David , Herriot Peter 
Published: October 2023

Objective Perceived injustice, a concept that arose in pain medicine, refers to an individual’s experiences and perceptions of victimisation from injuries resulting in chronic pain. Here, we have undertaken a historical and clinical review on the role of perceived injustice medicine in psychiatry and a systematic review on psychotherapeutic interventions for perceived injustice. Method For the systematic review, two studies were identified from a search of six databases. Results Though evidence is limited, psychotherapeutic interventions show promise in addressing perceived injustice and associated symptomatology. Conclusion Perceived injustice is a concept which may have great potential utility to psychiatry, particularly in occupational and medicolegal areas. Interventions addressing perceived injustice may help improve clinical outcomes.
A Qualitative Analysis of Latina Migrant Farmworkers’ Perception of Mental Health: Voices From Wisconsin
Authors: Graf Maria del Carmen , McMahon Bullis Mary , Lopez Alexa A. , Snethen Julia , Silvestre Eva , Mkandawire-Valhmu Lucy 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Despite evidence showing Latinos’ high prevalence of mental health, little is known about Latina migrant farmworkers’ mental health experiences, especially those working in Midwestern states. Considering the multiple vulnerabilities observed among Latina migrant farmworkers, it is necessary to gain insight from own accounts and perceptions of mental health and mental health–seeking experiences Method: A qualitative descriptive approach, using in-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, served to retrieve data from 34 Latina migrant farmworkers. This study was informed by Chicana, postcolonial, and Black feminist epistemologies. Results: Thematic analysis identified themes within the data. These findings pertained to the conceptualization of mental health within the contexts of family, capacities, stigma, denial, and faith. Discussion: Our results demonstrate the need for health care providers to consider Latina migrant farmworkers’ perceptions about mental health and apply those in designing and implementing culturally informed policy and practice.
The Mediating Role of Resilience and Living in Care on Psychosocial Outcomes
Authors: Ungar Michael , Shahidi Mehrdad , Jefferies Philip , Shojaee Mahnaz , Clark Elizabeth Alexandra 
Published: October 2023

Purpose This study examined the mediating role of resilience and living in care experiences between risk exposure (victimization by community and adverse childhood experiences) and psychosocial outcomes (housing instability, delinquency, and post-traumatic stress reactions) for youth receiving child welfare and community services. Method Two hundred and fifty-one youths (14–19 years old) who are receiving interventions from the Department of Community Services in Nova Scotia, Canada, were recruited. Multiple measures were administered to the youth. Results and conclusion Resilience and experiences of living in care significantly mediated the relationship between risk factors and outcomes, with youth demographic characteristics influencing the pattern of these relationships. Findings suggested that resilience and living in care experiences could reduce the effects of risk factors on psychosocial outcomes. These findings demonstrate a role for Child Welfare agencies in promoting youth access to the resilience-enabling resources necessary to sustain well-being.
Evaluation of Palliative Care Related Hospital Admissions in a Regional Centre
Authors: Yang Laura , Hollis Charlie , Stewart Eleanor , MacGregor Kirsty , Bass Stephen , Savage Emily , Minton Ollie 
Published: October 2023

Objectives A significant proportion of adults admitted to hospital are in their last year of life. We evaluated admissions for these patients. Methods We identified ambulance callouts to patients known to the palliative care team. Data collected included admission outcome (e.g. discharge or death). Results There were 162 ambulance callouts between 126 patients known to the palliative care team. 8 patients (6%) died within 72 hours of admission. Conclusion Our data suggests many palliative care patients can be appropriately treated in the community.
Relationship Between Obesity and Medial Longitudinal Arch Bowing
Authors: Kim Ki Chun , Fayed Aly , Schmidt Eli , Carvalho Kepler Alencar Mendes de , Lalevee Matthieu , Mansur Nacime , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: October 2023

Background: There have been reports about the association between obesity and the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of foot. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of various parameters related to the MLA according to obesity classification severity by the World Health Organization using weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT). Methods: WBCT data of the noninvolved side of patients presenting with unilateral foot and ankle problems or healthy candidates from September 2014 to October 2022 were extracted from a single referral hospital. Forty-four cases in each of 5 obesity classes were selected sequentially. Two orthopaedic surgeons measured foot and ankle offset, forefoot arch angle (FAA), hindfoot moment arm, percentage of uncoverage of the middle facet of the subtalar joint, talonavicular angle (TNA), navicular–medial cuneiform angle, medial cuneiform–first metatarsal angle, talus–first metatarsal angle (TMT1A), first tarsometatarsal subluxation (TMT1S), talonavicular coverage angle, navicular floor distance (NFD), and NFD per height. Positive values indicate plantar collapse. Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefﬁcients. One-way analysis of variance tests were performed for parametric data with equal variances, and Welch’s test for unequal variances. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for nonparametric data. Post hoc analysis was performed for statistically significant parameters. Correlation analysis between body mass index (BMI) and 12 parameters were performed using Pearson test. Results: Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were excellent, except for TMT1S. The TNA and TMT1A showed a statistically significant difference. FAA ( r = −0.2), TNA ( r = 0.182), TMT1A ( r = 0.296), and NFD ( r = −0.173) showed a statistically significant correlation with BMI Conclusion: In nonsymptomatic feet, we found that the talonavicular joint, as measured by the TNA, to be influenced by obesity classification. Obesity and increased BMI was associated with a negative influence on the MLA. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Obesity and Ankle Prosthesis Revision: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Varga Csaba , Váncsa Szilárd , Agócs Gergely , Hegyi Péter , Gidró Barbara Timea , Szőke György , Domos Gyula , Rodler Endre , Kocsis György , Holnapy Gergely 
Published: October 2023

Background: The increasing number of total ankle arthroplasties (TAAs) has led to growing evidence on the risk factors for complications after surgery. However, the role of obesity in this patient group has been the subject of much debate. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence for untoward effects of obesity following TAA. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on April 28, 2023, in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and CENTRAL. Eligible observational studies reported on the short- and long-term outcomes of primary TAA, comparing patients with and without obesity (defined as body mass index > 30). Using a random effects model, we calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from 2 by 2 tables (event and nonevent in the obese and nonobese primary TAA groups). Results: Nine studies with 10 388 patients were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We found significantly higher odds of revision in the obese group compared to the nonobese group (OR = 1.68, CI: 1.44-1.95). However, the odds of overall perioperative complications (OR = 1.55, CI: 0.50-4.80) and wound complications (OR = 1.34, CI: 0.29-6.20) were nonsignificantly higher in the obese group. Conclusion: Based on our results, obesity may have affected long-term outcomes following TAA and may have negatively affected the prosthesis’s survival.