bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐Mediated Periodontal Bone Loss in Rats: A Comparison of 6 Chemically Modified Tetracyclines
Authors: Ramamurthy Nungavarum S. , Rifkin Barry R. , Greenwald Robert A. , Xu Jing‐wen , Liu Yu , Turner Gloza , Golub Lorne M. , Vernillo Anthony T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs), devoid of antimicrobial activity, inhibit pathologically elevated collagenase activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, doxycycline and 5 different CMTs were tested to prevent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐dependent periodontal tissue breakdown in an animal model of periodontitis.Methods: Adult male rats received intragingival injections with either 10 µl of physiologic saline or Escherkhia coli endotoxin (1 mg/ml) every other day for 6 days and were distributed into 8 treatment groups (12 rats/group): saline (S), endotoxin alone (E), E + CMT‐1, E + CMT‐3, E + CMT‐4, E + CMT‐7, E + CMT‐8, and doxycycline. All animals were treated daily with 1 ml of 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) alone or containing one of the above‐mentioned CMTs (2 mg/day) orally. The gingival tissues were removed, extracted, and assayed for gelatinase (GLSE). Some rat maxillary jaws from each treatment group were fixed in buffered formalin and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry for the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (lL)‐1, and IL‐6, and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9.Results: Endotoxin injection induced elevated GLSE activity (functional assay and osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption), the former identified as predominantly MMP‐9 (92 kDa GLSE) by gelatin zymography. All 6 tetracyclines (2 mg/day) inhibited periodontal breakdown in the following order of efficacy: CMT‐8 > CMT‐ 1 > CMT‐3 > doxycycline > CMT‐4 > CMT‐7. Immunohistochemistry was positive for TNF, IL‐ 1, and IL‐6 in the inflammatory cells from untreated endotoxin rat tissues, whereas treatment with CMTs decreased the number of immuno‐positive stained cells for cytokines and MMPs. The in vivo efficacy of these drugs varied with CMT structure and was significantly correlated with bone resorption: r2 = ‐0.77, P <0.01; gelatinase inhibitory activity: r2 = −0.84, P <0.01; and serum drug concentrations.Conclusion: Since both conventional (antimicrobial) and non‐antimicrobial tetracyclines inhibited periodontal bone resorption induced by endotoxin injection, MMP‐mediated bone loss in this model can be prevented by inhibition of MMPs. J Periodontol 2002;73:726‐734.
Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Disease at Mandibular Molar Teeth in Smokers With Regular Oral Hygiene Habits
Authors: Kerdvongbundit Varunee , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Smoking appears to be detrimental to health because it has been associated with several diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking also appears to be a major environmental factor associated with periodontal disease progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction as influenced by smoking in a Thai population.Methods: Gingival health and periodontal conditions at mandibular molar furcation sites in 120 Thai dental patients (60 smokers and 60 never‐smokers, age range 31 to 60 years) with generally high oral hygiene standards and regular dental care habits were evaluated.Results: Smokers exhibited more frequent and severe mandibular molar periodontal destruction than never‐smokers. The prevalence and severity of gingival recession, periodontal pocket formation, clinical attachment loss, furcation involvement, and tooth mobility were significantly increased in smokers compared to never‐smokers. Seventy‐three percent of the smokers exhibited furcation involvement in contrast to only 20% of the never‐smokers.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that smoking appears to be a major environmental factor associated with accelerated periodontal destruction in adult smokers with generally high oral hygiene standards and regular dental care habits in a Thai population.J Periodontol 2002;73:735‐740.
Adjunctive Benefits of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline in the Management of Severe, Generalized, Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Novak M. John , Johns Lee P. , Miller Renee C. , Bradshaw Mark H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Severe, generalized periodontitis is a form of chronic periodontitis that appears to be associated with an exaggerated host response. Little information is available on the benefits of using adjunctive host modulation in the management of this form of periodontal disease.Methods: Thirty subjects ≤ 45 years of age with severe, generalized periodontitis received subgingival debridement and oral hygiene instructions each week for 4 weeks, plus 6 months of adjunctive subantimicrobial doxycycline (SDD) or placebo. Periodontal status was monitored at baseline, and at 1, 3, 5.25, and 8.25 months following completion of the hygiene sessions. Maintenance therapy was performed at 3, 5.25, and 8.25 months for both groups.Results: Ten subjects in each group completed all phases of the study. Subgingival debridement plus adjunctive SDD reduced deep pockets (≥7 mm at baseline) by an average of 3.02 mm after 9 months versus 1.42 mm for the placebo group. A significant clinical response was seen in both groups as soon as 1 month, but the response was always clinically and statistically greater in the SDD group. In the SDD group, nearly 40% of 237 pockets 27 mm were reduced by ≥4 mm, and 55% were reduced by ≥3 mm. In addition, only 2 pockets deepened by ≥4 mm in the SDD group versus 10 in the placebo group.Conclusions: The supplementation of hygienist‐delivered full mouth subgingival and supragingival debridement with a hostmodulating agent, SDD, provides clinically and statistically significant benefits in the reduction of deep pockets in patients with severe, generalized periodontitis. In addition, adjunctive SDD is more effective than a placebo in preventing further increases in probing depth. J Periodontol 2002;73:762‐769.
Six‐Month Comparison of Powered Versus Mannual Toothbrushing for Safety and Efficacy in the Absence of Professional Instruction in Mechanical Plaque Control
Authors: Dentino Andrew R. , Derderian Gay , Wolf MaryAnn , Cugini MaryAnn , Johnson Randy , Van Swol Ronald L. , King Dennis , Marks Pam , Warren Paul 
Published: February 2005

Background: Reports suggest powered toothbrushing may provide some clinical benefit over manual toothbrushing, but most studies have been of short duration with subjects trained in toothbrush use. The aim was to determine if the oscillating‐rotating powered brush (PB) could safely provide clinical benefits over and above a manual brush (M) in subjects with no formal instruction or experience in powered brush use.Methods: This 6‐month, single‐masked, parallel design, randomized clinical trial compared the PB with an American Dental Association (ADA)‐accepted soft‐bristle manual brush in a non‐flossing gingivitis population (n = 157). Subjects were given written instructions but no demonstration on toothbrush use at baseline. Efficacy was assessed by changes in gingival inflammation, plaque, calculus, and stain, while changes in clinical attachment levels and recession measurements provided safety data. A prophylaxis was provided after baseline assessment. The 6‐month plaque index (PI) was recorded immediately post‐brushing after covert timing of the subjects, and correlation analyses were run to assess the relationship of brushing time to PI. Paired t tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to assess within and between treatment group differences for PB (n = 76) versus M groups (n = 81).Results: Measures of inflammation showed a statistically significant drop for both brushes at 3 and 6 months. Mean overnight full‐mouth PI scores were significantly lower at 3 months for the PB (1.57) compared to the M group (1.80), P = 0.0013. Immediate post‐brushing PI at 6 months was also significantly lower for the PB (1.10) versus M (1.39) (P = 0.0025). There was an overall negative correlation for PI and brushing time (r = ‐0.377, P = 0.0001). Mean calculus index (CI) scores were lower for the PB at 3 (P = 0.0304) and 6 months (P = 0.0078), while no significant differences in stain were observable. Clinical attachment level and recession measurements showed no significant between‐group changes from baseline for either brush on canine teeth or on teeth with recession at baseline.Conclusion: The oscillating‐rotating toothbrush safely provides clinical benefits in plaque and calculus reduction over a manual brush even in subjects with no formal oral hygiene instruction. J Periodontol 2002;73:770‐778.
Enamel Matrix Derivative and Bone Healing After Guided Bone Regeneration in Dehiscence‐Type Defects Around Implants. A Histomorphometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Casati Marcio Z. , Sallum Enilson A. , Nociti Francisco H. , Caffesse Raul G. , Sallum Antonio Wilson 
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of this investigation was to histometrically evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on bone healing after guided bone regeneration (GBR) in dehiscence‐type osseous defects around dental implants; i.e., in the absence of periodontal ligament cells.Methods: Six mongrel dogs were used. The second, third, and fourth mandibular premolars (p2, p3, and p4) and first molars (ml) were extracted. After 3 months, 2 implant osteotomies were prepared in each side of the mandible, dehiscence‐type defects were created on the buccal aspect of each implant osteotomy (3.5 mm × 5.0 mm), and titanium implants were placed (3.75 mm × 8.5 mm). The surgically‐created defects were randomly assigned to one of the treatments: EMD, GBR, EMD+GBR, or control. After 2 months, 4 additional defects were created and treated. The animals were sacrificed 3 months after the placement of the first implants, thus allowing the healing periods of 1 and 3 months. Undecalcified sections were obtained for the histometric evaluation including the percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact and new bone area on the implant threads related to the defect.Results: No statistically significant differences were observed among the groups in the evaluated parameters after 1 month of healing. After 3 months, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups for the percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact. The values for the new bone area were: 55.5 ± 11.8, 53.8 ± 16.3, 62.1 ± 18.4, and 36.9 ± 25.1 for EMD, GBR, EMD+GBR, and control, respectively. The difference between EMD+GBR and control was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that EMD may positively influence bone healing after GBR around titanium implants. EMD alone, however, had no statistically significant effect. J Periodontol 2002;73:789‐796.
Severe Periodontitis in Marfan's Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Straub Antje M. , Grahame Rodney , Scully Crispian , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Connective tissue disorders, such as some forms of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, have been associated with severe periodontitis.Methods: This report describes a case of Marfan's syndrome, an inherited disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations in the fibrillin‐1 gene, in which the patient presented with severe periodontitis.Results: At examination, an average full‐mouth clinical attachment level loss of 5.6 ± 2.1 mm, furcation involvement, and severe alveolar bone loss were observed in a 41‐year‐old Caucasian male. Tooth hypermobility was also present.Conclusions: This case appears to be the first documentation of severe periodontitis in a patient with Marfan's syndrome. It supports the hypothesis that a variety of connective tissue disorders may confer increased susceptibility to periodontal tissue breakdown. J Periodontol 2002;73:823‐826.
Frequency of Reactivity for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella spp. in Supraand Subgingival Plaques, and Periodontal Clinical Parameters According to Subject Age
Authors: Tanaka Shoji , Murakami Yukio , Ogiwara Takako , Shoji Masao , Seto Kazuhito , Nagasaki Masahumi , Fujisawa Seiichiro 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the association between selected clinical parameters and the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), and Prevotella melaninogenica (Pm) in supra‐ and subgingival plaque samples measured by an immunoslot blot assay (IBA) using their monoclonal antibodies.Methods: Plaque samples from 299 patients aged 6 to 69 randomly chosen from a group of dental outpatients were examined. Plaque index, gingival index, and probing depths were evaluated according to the criteria of positive (cell number ≥106) or negative (<106) reactivity to the 4 different monoclonal antibodies.Results: An increase in probing depth in subjects exhibiting either a positive or negative reaction for the 4 test bacteria was associated with increasing age. Comparing bacteria‐positive subgingival plaque samples to their corresponding bacteria‐negative counterparts, we found an increased plaque index in children positive for any of the 4 bacteria; in addition, that for Pg and Pi was increased in subjects 40 to 49 years old. The gingival index increased with increasing amount of Pi and Pn, but not with Pg and Pm in those 20 to 29 years of age. The frequency of Pg reactivity in subgingival plaque was markedly enhanced in subjects older than 30 to 39 years of age, and was significantly higher than that in supragingival plaque. The frequency of Pi and Pn reactivity was significantly increased in adults aged 20 to 29 and plateaued at older ages. The frequency of Pm reactivity was relatively low and independent of subject age.Conclusions: The increase in probing depth with increasing age was not affected by the occurrence of periodontopathic bacteria. The high rate of occurrence of Pg, together with Pi and Pn, in subgingival plaque of the adult age groups was suggested to be associated with the high frequency of periodontal disease in the older age groups (above 30 to 49 years of age). The IBA appears to be useful for the efficient and rapid detection of periodontopathic bacteria. J Periodontol 2002;73:877‐885.
Periodontal Therapy May Reduce the Risk of Preterm Low Birth Weight in Women With Peridotal Disease: A randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: López Néstor J. , Smith Patricio C. , Gutierrez Jorge 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent studies have suggested that periodontal disease is a risk factor for preterm low birth weight (PLBW). A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to help further evaluate the proposed association between periodontal disease and PLBW.Methods: Four hundred pregnant women with periodontal disease, aged 18 to 35, were enrolled while receiving prenatal care in Santiago, Chile. Women were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 200), which received periodontal treatment before 28 weeks of gestation or to a control group (n = 200) which received periodontal treatment after delivery. Previous and current pregnancies and known risk factors were obtained from patient medical records and interviews. The primary outcome assessed was the delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation or an infant weighing less than 2,500 g.Results: Of the 400 women enrolled, 49 were excluded from the analyses for different reasons. The incidence of PLBW in the treatment group was 1.84% (3/163) and in the control group was 10.11% (19/188), (odds ratio [OR] 5.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65 to 18.22, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that periodontal disease was the strongest factor related to PLBW (OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.29 to 17.13). Other factors significantly associated with such deliveries were: previous PLBW (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.11 to 14.21), less than 6 prenatal visits (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.46 to 9.38), and maternal low weight gain (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.16 to 10.03).Conclusions: Periodontal disease appears to be an independent risk factor for PLBW. Periodontal therapy significantly reduces the rates of PLBW in this population of women with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:911‐924.
Characterization of Bone Defect Repair in Young and Aged Rat Femur Induced by Xenogenic Demineralized Bone Matrix
Authors: Torricelli Paola , Fini Milena , Giavaresi Gianluca , Rimondini Lia , Giardino Roberto 
Published: February 2005

Background: The osteoinductive effect of some biomaterials could be affected by those systemic conditions typical of old age. The aim of the present paper was to assess the effects of age on the healing of bone defects treated with demineralized bone matrix (DBM).Methods: The study was conducted in young (3 month old) and aged (18 month old) rats to assess the efficacy of DBM in the treatment of osseous defects in bone with limited repair capacities. A standard bone defect was created in the distal femoral condyles of male Wistar rats: the left condyle was filled with rabbit DBM granules, while the right condyle was left empty (control). Histological and microhardness analyses were performed at 30 and 45 days after implant surgery.Results: After implantation of xenogenic DBM, bone healing areas of the aged and young groups showed a significant increase in the formation of newly mineralized bone relative to controls. Measurements of trabecular thickness on day 45 revealed no differences between newly formed and preexisting bone in the young group, while control values were lower. Microhardness measurements demonstrated that newly mineralized bone, either induced by DBM or not, and preexisting bone were comparable in terms of trabecular hardness after 45 days.Conclusions: In conclusion, xenogenic DBM seems to be effective in bone defect healing, since it increases mineralized tissue volume. In both DBM‐filled and empty sites, age seems to have a detrimental effect on the volume of new bone formation but no influence on bone maturation. J Periodontol 2002;73:1003‐1009.
Evaluation of Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment Using 2 Time Intervals
Authors: Eren Kürşad S. , Gürgan Cem A. , Bostanci Hamit S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non‐surgical mechanical instrumentation at 2 different time intervals on short‐term healing and to assess patient reactions following non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Methods: The study population consisted of 100 patients with moderate periodontal disease. Patients were equally distributed into 2 groups, treated daily or weekly. The daily group received full‐mouth daily scaling and root planing for 4 consecutive days. The weekly group was treated once a week for 4 weeks. All patients were asked for objective (lymphadenopathy, aphthous stomatitis, and edema) and subjective (fatigue, pain, pruritus, burning sensation, and dentinalgia) reactions. Clinical measurements of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival recession (GR) were taken at baseline and 3 months after treatment. All of the objective and subjective reactions were recorded after each treatment session.Results: The results of our study revealed a significant decrease in PI, GI, BOP, and PD measurements at the end of the third month, but no significant changes in GR. The incidence of subjective and objective reactions was higher in the daily treated group compared to those in the weekly group. Most of these complaints were observed after the third treatment session.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, no differences were observed between the study groups when the clinical parameters were evaluated. However, taking the subjective and objective reactions into consideration, the smallest time interval for non‐surgical periodontal procedures might be 1 week. J Periodontol 2002;73:1015‐1019.
Histocompatible Healing of Periodontal Defects After Application of an Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement. A Preliminary Study in Dogs
Authors: Shirakata Yoshinori , Oda Shigeru , Kinoshita Atsuhiro , Kikuchi Shigenari , Tsuchioka Hiroaki , Ishikawa Isao 
Published: February 2005

Background: A novel injectable, fast setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is currently used in orthopedic therapy for bone fractures. This study evaluated the possibility of applying this cement to healing periodontal defects.Methods: Fenestrations and 3‐walled periodontal defects were surgically created on bilateral first molars and canines in 5 beagle dogs. CPC was applied to the defects on one side of the mandible. Untreated defects on the contralateral side served as controls. CPC was applied to all defects in the maxilla. Twelve weeks after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and decalcified and undecalcified specimens were prepared. Periodontal tissue healing was evaluated histologically and histometrically under a light microscope.Results: Healing of periodontal tissues in terms of bone and cementum formation was consistently observed in the CPCapplied sites. CPC was partly replaced by new bone. The residual CPC appeared detached from the denuded root surface. New cementum and periodontal ligament‐like tissue were observed between the detached CPC and root surface. No unfavorable reaction was noted in the CPC‐applied sites. No statistically significant difference was noted in the experimental or control sites under histometric analysis.Conclusions: Although there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment groups, histological observation indicated that CPC seemed to act as a scaffold for bone formation and provided histocompatible healing of periodontal tissues in this study. This cement might be applicable to periodontal therapy; however, further investigations are required. J Periodontol 2002;73:1043‐1053.
Root Coverage With Connective Tissue Grafts: An Evaluation of Short‐ and Long‐Term Results
Authors: Harris Randall J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Subepithelial connective tissue grafts have been shown to be effective in obtaining root coverage. However, little is known about the long‐term results. The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the short‐term (13.0 weeks) and long‐term (27.5 months) root coverage results obtained with subepithelial connective tissue grafts.Methods: One‐hundred patients with 146 Miller Class I or Class II recession defects were treated with subepithelial connective tissue grafts to obtain root coverage. The changes in the clinical measurements were compared between the preoperative and short‐term results, between preoperative and longterm results, and between short‐term and long‐term results.Results: The mean root coverage at 13.0 weeks was 97.1% and 98.4% at 27.5 months. This difference was statistically significant. There was a statistically significant decrease in recession and probing depth, reduction in attachment loss, and increase in quantity of keratinized tissue between the preoperative and short‐term results and between the preoperative and long‐term results. There was a statistically significant decrease in recession, increase in the quantity of keratinized tissue, increase in probing depth, and increase in attachment loss between short‐term and long‐term results.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the subepithelial connective tissue graft is an effective method to cover exposed roots. The mean root coverage tended to improve with time. J Periodontol 2002;73:1054‐1059.