bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of osteoclastogenesis and RANK expression by TGF‐β1
Authors: Yan Tao , Riggs B.L. , Boyle W.J. , Khosla S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) has been shown to both inhibit and to stimulate bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis. This may be due, in part, to differential effects on bone marrow stromal cells that support osteoclastogenesis vs. direct effects on osteoclastic precursor cells. In the present study, we used the murine monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7, to define direct effects of TGF‐β on pre‐osteoclastic cells. In the presence of macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) (20 ng/ml) and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANK‐L) (50 ng/ml), TGF‐β1 (0.01–5 ng/ml) dose‐dependently stimulated (by up to 120‐fold) osteoclast formation (assessed by the presence of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells and expression of calcitonin and vitronectin receptors). In addition, TGF‐β1 also increased steady state RANK mRNA levels in a time‐ (by up to 3.5‐fold at 48 h) and dose‐dependent manner (by up to 2.2‐fold at 10 ng/ml). TGF‐β1 induction of RANK mRNA levels was present both in undifferentiated RAW cells as well as in cells that had been induced to differentiate into osteoclasts by a 7‐day treatment with M‐CSF and RANK‐L. Using a fluorescence‐labeled RANK‐L probe, we also demonstrated by flow cytometry that TGF‐β1 resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of RANK+ RAW cells (P < 0.05), as well as an increase in the fluorescence intensity per cell (P < 0.05), the latter consistent with an increase in RANK protein expression per cell. These data thus indicate that TGF‐β directly stimulates osteoclastic differentiation, and this is accompanied by increased RANK mRNA and protein expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 320–325, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New parallel optimal‐parameter fast multipole method (OPFMM)
Authors: Choi Cheol Ho , Ruedenberg Klaus , Gordon Mark S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe three key translation equations of the fast multipole method (FMM) are deduced from the general polypolar expansions given earlier. Simplifications are introduced for the rotation‐based FMM that lead to a very compact FMM formalism. The optimum‐parameter searching procedure, a stable and efficient way of obtaining the optimum set of FMM parameters, is established with complete control over the tolerable error (ε). This new procedure optimizes the linear scaling with respect to the number of particles for a given ε. In addition, a new parallel FMM algorithm, which requires virtually no internode communication, is suggested that is suitable for the parallel construction of Fock matrices in electronic structure calculations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1484–1501, 2001
Computational alanine scanning of the 1:1 human growth hormone–receptor complex
Authors: Huo Shuanghong , Massova Irina , Kollman Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe MM‐PBSA (Molecular Mechanics–Poisson–Boltzmann surface area) method was applied to the human Growth Hormone (hGH) complexed with its receptor to assess both the validity and the limitations of the computational alanine scanning approach. A 400‐ps dynamical trajectory of the fully solvated complex was simulated at 300 K in a 101 Å×81 Å×107 Å water box using periodic boundary conditions. Long‐range electrostatic interactions were treated with the particle mesh Ewald (PME) summation method. Equally spaced snapshots along the trajectory were chosen to compute the binding free energy using a continuum solvation model to calculate the electrostatic desolvation free energy and a solvent‐accessible surface area approach to treat the nonpolar solvation free energy. Computational alanine scanning was performed on the same set of snapshots by mutating the residues in the structural epitope of the hormone and the receptor to alanine and recomputing the ΔGbinding. To further investigate a particular structure, a 200‐ps dynamical trajectory of an R43A hormone–receptor complex was simulated. By postprocessing a single trajectory of the wild‐type complex, the average unsigned error of our calculated ΔΔGbinding is ∼1 kcal/mol for the alanine mutations of hydrophobic residues and polar/charged residues without buried salt bridges. When residues involved in buried salt bridges are mutated to alanine, it is demonstrated that a separate trajectory of the alanine mutant complex can lead to reasonable agreement with experimental results. Our approach can be extended to rapid screening of a variety of possible modifications to binding sites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 15–27, 2002
Prescription privileges for psychologists: Constituencies and conflicts
Authors: Hayes Steven C. , Walser Robyn D. , Bach Patricia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe pros and cons of the proposal to link prescription privileges specifically to psychological training vary from the point of view of the constituencies involved. The present article analyzes those differences. Two surprising facts are noted. First, it is scientist–practitioners who are resisting the move toward prescription privileges, not so much the basic science organizations. Second, while the practice‐based organizations have been avid in their support of prescription privileges, the same cannot be said for rank and file private practitioners. On closer examination, the costs, benefits, and views of the different constituencies make sense of these anomalies. The resistance to prescription privileges is not arbitrary or unreasonable and it is not likely to go away any time soon. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 697–708, 2002.
Thought Field Therapy clinical applications: Utilization in an HMO in behavioral medicine and behavioral health services
Authors: Sakai Caroline , Paperny David , Mathews Marvin , Tanida Greg , Boyd Geri , Simons Alan , Yamamoto Charlene , Mau Carolyn , Nutter Lynn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThought Field Therapy (TFT) is a self‐administered treatment developed by psychologist Roger Callahan. TFT uses energy meridian treatment points and bilateral optical–cortical stimulation while focusing on the targeted symptoms or problem being addressed. The clinical applications of TFT summarized included anxiety, adjustment disorder with anxiety and depression, anxiety due to medical condition, anger, acute stress, bereavement, chronic pain, cravings, depression, fatigue, nausea, neurodermatitis, obsessive traits, panic disorder without agoraphobia, parent–child stress, phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, relationship stress, trichotillomania, tremor, and work stress. This uncontrolled study reports on changes in self‐reported Subjective Units of Distress (SUD; Wolpe, 1969) in 1,594 applications of TFT, treating 714 patients. Paired t‐tests of pre‐ and posttreatment SUD were statistically significant in 31 categories reviewed. These within‐session decreases of SUD are preliminary data that call for controlled studies to examine validity, reliability, and maintenance of effects over time. Illustrative case and heart rate variability data are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1215–1227, 2001.
Lessons in cultural competence: Adapting research methodology for Latino participants
Authors: Skaff Marilyn McKean , Chesla Catherine A. , de los Santos Mycue Victoria , Fisher Lawrence 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent publications have suggested that research with diverse ethnic groups requires a reexamination of the methods and measures that have been developed on European‐American samples. This is a methodological paper, sharing the lessons learned in the field by one research team. It reports on a study of persons with type 2 diabetes and their partners that included both Latino and European‐American participants. Involvement of a multiethnic research team, the willingness to be flexible, and a healthy skepticism about our current methods are among the suggestions that emerge. More specifically, the article addresses such topics as the establishment of trust in the participants, language and meaning, the practical implications of cultural values, and the impact of social class on procedures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual assault history, PTSD, and mental health service seeking in a national sample of women
Authors: Ullman Sarah E. , Brecklin Leanne R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mental health service seeking for women sexually assaulted in childhood and/or adulthood (N = 619) identified from the National Comorbidity Survey (1990–1992). Factors related to correlates of PTSD and mental health service seeking varied according to sexual assault history. Ethnic minority women with less formal education, more traumatic and stressful life events, and longer duration of sexual abuse had greater odds of PTSD within certain sexual assault history subgroups. Mental health service seeking was predicted by demographics (e.g., more education, Caucasian race), as well as other psychosocial factors (e.g., life events, social support), and medical insurance status, especially for adult sexual assault victims. Implications for mental health treatment and intervention are drawn for women with different sexual assault histories. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An exploration of sense of community, Part 3: Dimensions and predictors of psychological sense of community in geographical communities
Authors: Obst Patricia , Smith Sandy G. , Zinkiewicz Lucy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWithin the discipline of community psychology there remains considerable debate as to the latent structure of psychological sense of community (PSOC). One of the few theoretical discussions is that of McMillan and Chavis (1986), who hypothesized four dimensions: Belonging, Fulfillment of Needs, Influence, and Shared Connections. Discussion has also emerged in the literature regarding the role of identification within PSOC. However, few studies have empirically investigated the role of identification in PSOC. The current study explored PSOC in a sample of residents of rural, regional, and urban geographical communities (N= 669). In an endeavor to clarify the underlying dimensions of PSOC, a test battery included several measures of PSOC as well as measures of identification with the community. The study also examined the role of demographic factors in predicting PSOC. Results provided support for McMillan and Chavis' (1986) four dimensions of PSOC. Further, a fifth dimension emerged, that of Conscious Identification, suggesting that identification is separate to existing dimensions of PSOC. The demographic factors significantly associated with PSOC were type of region, with rural participants displaying higher PSOC than their urban counterparts; participation in local organizations; having children; and a vision of one's neighborhood as broader than just a street or block. These results, and the implications for PSOC research, are discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IL‐1‐ and TNF‐induced bone resorption is mediated by p38 mitogen activated protein kinase*
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Votta Bartholomew J. , Rieman David J. , Badger Alison M. , Gowen Maxine , Lee John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have previously shown that p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, which block the production and action of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), are effective in models of bone and cartilage degradation. To further investigate the role of p38 MAPK, we have studied its activation in osteoblasts and chondrocytes, following treatment with a panel of proinflammatory and osteotropic agents. In osteoblasts, significant activation of p38 MAPK was observed following treatment with IL‐1 and TNF, but not parathyroid hormone, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), 1,25(OH)2D3, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), or IGF‐II. Similar results were obtained using primary bovine chondrocytes and an SV40‐immortalized human chondrocyte cell line, T/C28A4. SB 203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, inhibited IL‐1 and TNF‐induced p38 MAPK activity and IL‐6 production (IC50s 0.3–0.5 μM) in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In addition, IL‐1 and TNF also activated p38 MAPK in fetal rat long bones and p38 MAPK inhibitors inhibited IL‐1‐ and TNF‐stimulated bone resorption in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner (IC50s 0.3–1 μM). These data support the contention that p38 MAPK plays a central role in regulating the production of, and responsiveness to, proinflammatory cytokines in bone and cartilage. Furthermore, the strong correlation between inhibition of kinase activity and IL‐1 and TNF‐stimulated biological responses indicates that selective inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway may have therapeutic utility in joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sp1 and krüppel‐like factor family of transcription factors in cell growth regulation and cancer
Authors: Black Adrian R. , Black Jennifer D. , Azizkhan‐Clifford Jane 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Sp/KLF family contains at least twenty identified members which include Sp1‐4 and numerous krüppel‐like factors. Members of the family bind with varying affinities to sequences designated as ‘Sp1 sites’ (e.g., GC‐boxes, CACCC‐boxes, and basic transcription elements). Family members have different transcriptional properties and can modulate each other's activity by a variety of mechanisms. Since cells can express multiple family members, Sp/KLF factors are likely to make up a transcriptional network through which gene expression can be fine‐tuned. ‘Sp1 site’‐dependent transcription can be growth‐regulated, and the activity, expression, and/or post‐translational modification of multiple family members is altered with cell growth. Furthermore, Sp/KLF factors are involved in many growth‐related signal transduction pathways and their overexpression can have positive or negative effects on proliferation. In addition to growth control, Sp/KLF factors have been implicated in apoptosis and angiogenesis; thus, the family is involved in several aspects of tumorigenesis. Consistent with a role in cancer, Sp/KLF factors interact with oncogenes and tumor suppressors, they can be oncogenic themselves, and altered expression of family members has been detected in tumors. Effects of changes in Sp/KLF factors are context‐dependent and can appear contradictory. Since these factors act within a network, this diversity of effects may arise from differences in the expression profile of family members in various cells. Thus, it is likely that the properties of the overall network of Sp/KLF factors play a determining role in regulation of cell growth and tumor progression. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure, texture and surface acidity studies of a series of mixed zinc–aluminum (60–90 molar % Al) phosphate catalysts
Authors: Mtalsi Karim , Jei Taib , Montes Mario , Tayane Souad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of mixed zinc–aluminum phosphate (ZnAlP) catalysts containing 40–90 aluminum molar % were synthesized by a coprecipitation method and characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia. The presence of aluminum greatly affected the surface properties of Zn3(PO4)2 by delaying the crystallization process of Zn3(PO4)2. All amorphous samples were shown to be mesoporous and they contained two types of aluminum surface hydroxyl groups and one type of phosphorus hydroxyl group, as shown by DRIFT spectra. The specific surface area and the acidity of ZnAlP increased on increasing the aluminum content. On the other hand, a great difference in the texture and the concentration of surface acid sites was found by changing the precipitating agent and calcination temperature. Thus these factors also play an important role in the final properties of these catalysts.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Increased activity and stability ofCandida rugosalipase in reverse micelles formed by chemically modified AOT in isooctane
Authors: Wu J C , He Z M , Yao C Y , Yu K T 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSodium bis (2‐ethylhexyl polyoxyethylene) sulfosuccinates, which can be structurally viewed as chemically modified AOT (MAOT), were prepared and successfully used to form reverse micelles in isooctane. The activity and stability ofCandida rugosalipase (glycerol‐ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) appreciably increased in the MAOT/isooctane reverse micellar system compared with the AOT/isooctane system taking the hydrolysis of olive oil as a model reaction. The best polymerization number of oxyethylene group was found to be 2.0, which corresponded to a maximum enzyme activity of twice that in the AOT/isooctane system. The half‐life of lipase in the MAOT micellar system was twice that in the AOT micellar system. The optimal operational conditions remained unchanged. The Michaelis kinetics showed that the maximum reaction rate obviously increased in the MAOT micellar system compared with that in the AOT micellar system, while the change in the Michaelis constant was insignificant.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration in Catalonia
Authors: Izquierdo Maria , López‐Soler Ángel , Vazquez Ramonich Enric , Barra Marilda , Querol Xavier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator plants in Catalonia was characterised to investigate some alternatives for its utilisation and their potential environmental impact. After a detailed chemical and mineralogical characterisation, physical and geotechnical properties were investigated. The study focused on the use of bottom ash as an aggregate substitute in pavement applications. The results show that this material may be successfully used as a compacted material in unbound road sub‐bases. According to Spanish Specifications for road construction, bottom ash complies with the technical requirements for sub‐bases. Data obtained from the leaching test satisfy the limit values established by Catalan Specifications for bottom ash utilisation. The use of bottom ash in the envisaged application should therefore not result in any environmental impact.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Nerve fibers innervating the cranial and spinal meninges: Morphology of nerve fiber terminals and their structural integration
Authors: Fricke Britta , Andres Karl Hermann , Von Düring Monika 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPachymeninx and leptomeninx of cranial cavity and spine are considerably different in their collagenous fiber texture, cellular composition, vascularization, and innervation. The majority of meningeal nerve fibers terminate as free nerve endings whereas encapsulated and lamellated nerve terminals additionally occur in higher vertebrates including man. With respect to nerve fiber classification, arborization pattern, topography, and organization of the microenvironment at the termination site afferent and efferent nerve terminals are differentiated. Only the dura mater and the pial subcompartment of the leptomeninx possess the morphological prerequisites for neurogenic inflammation. In the current review, the results of morphological studies regarding the meningeal innervation including the sites of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) production and absorption are discussed with emphasis on their structure‐function relationships. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:96–105, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Markers for the lymphatic endothelium: In search of the holy grail?
Authors: Sleeman Jonathan P. , Krishnan Jaya , Kirkin Vladimir , Baumann Petra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ability to discriminate reliably at the histological level between blood and lymphatic microcapillaries would greatly assist the study of a number of biological and pathological questions and may also be of clinical utility. A structure–function comparison of these types of microcapillary suggests that differences which could function as markers to allow discrimination between blood and lymphatic endothelium should exist. Indeed, to date a variety of such markers have been proposed, including basement membrane components, constituents of junctional complexes such as desmoplakin and enzymes such as 5′‐nucleotidase. Additionally, a variety of cell surface molecules are thought to be differentially expressed, including PAL‐E, VEGFR‐3, podoplanin, and LYVE‐1. Several of the lymphatic markers proposed in the literature require further characterization to demonstrate fully their lymphatic specificity and some have proven not to be reliable. The relative merits and drawbacks of each of the proposed markers is discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:61–69, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase genes (CYP19a and CYP19b) in zebrafish fry (Danio rerio)
Authors: Trant John M. , Gavasso Sonja , Ackers Jared , Chung Bon‐Chu , Place Allen R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) is the terminal enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway that converts androgens (e.g., testosterone) into estrogens (e.g., estradiol). Regulation of this gene dictates the ratio of androgens to estrogens; therefore, appropriate expression of this enzyme is critical for reproduction as well as being pivotal in sex differentiation for most vertebrates. It is assumed that most vertebrates have a single CYP19 gene that is regulated by multiple tissue‐specific promoter regions. However, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has two genes (CYP19a and CYP19b), each encoding a significantly different protein and possessing its own regulatory mechanism. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of expression of each of the CYP19 genes in the developing zebrafish. A fluorescent‐based method of real‐time, quantitative RT‐PCR provided the sensitivity and specificity to determine transcript abundance in single embryos/juveniles harvested at days 0 through 41 days post‐fertilization (dpf), which encompasses the developmental events of sex determination and gonadal differentiation. CYP19 transcripts could be detected as early as 3 or 4 dpf, (CYP19a and CYP19b, respectively) and peak abundance was detected on day five. In general, the CYP19 genes differed significantly in the ontogeny of their expression. In most cases, the gonadal form of CYP19 (CYP19a) was more abundant than the brain form (CYP19b); however, unlike CYP19a, the pattern of CYP19b expression could be clearly segregated into two populations, suggesting an association with sex differentiation. Pharmacological steroids (ethinylestradiol and 17α‐methyltestosterone) enhanced the expression of the CYP19b gene at all three days examined (4, 6, and 10 dpf). These data suggest that the timely and appropriate expression of CYP19 is important in development and that the expression of CYP19b (the “extra‐gonadal” form) may be associated with sexual differentiation if not sexual determination. J. Exp. Zool. 290:475–483, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.