bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐reactivity of GroEL antibodies with human heat shock protein 60 and quantification of pathogens in atherosclerosis
Authors: Ford P. J. , Gemmell E. , Hamlet S. M. , Hasan A. , Walker P. J. , West M. J. , Cullinan M. P. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: August 2005

Background/aims:  Chronic infections such as those caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae and periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis have been associated with atherosclerosis, possibly due to cross‐reactivity of the immune response to bacterial GroEL with human heat shock protein (hHSP) 60.Methods:  We examined the cross‐reactivity of anti‐GroEL and anti‐P. gingivalis antibodies with hHSP60 in atherosclerosis patients and quantified a panel of six pathogens in atheromas.Results:  After absorption of plasma samples with hHSP60, there were variable reductions in the levels of anti‐GroEL and anti‐P. gingivalis antibodies, suggesting that these antibodies cross‐reacted with hHSP60. All of the artery specimens were positive for P. gingivalis. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia, C. pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Haemophilus influenzae were found in 84%, 48%, 28%, 4%, and 4% of arteries, respectively. The prevalence of the three periodontopathic microorganisms, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and T. forsythia, was significantly higher than that of the remaining three microorganisms.Conclusions:  These results support the hypothesis that in some patients, cross‐reactivity of the immune response to bacterial HSPs including those of periodontal pathogens, with arterial endothelial cells expressing hHSP60 may be a possible mechanism for the association between atherosclerosis and periodontal infection.
Results of alcohol and albendazole injections in hepatic hydatidosis: Experimental study
Authors: YETIM IBRAHIM , ERZURUMLU KENAN , HOKELEK MURAT , BARIS SANCAR , DERVISOGLU ADEM , POLAT CAFER , BELET UMIT , BUYUKKARABACAK YALÇIN , GUVENLI ABDULLAH 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground:  Percutaneous drainage with alcohol injection for hydatid cysts has been commonly used in the last two decades. Albendazole is the drug of choice in the medical treatment of hydatidosis, and has also been used as an intraoperative scolicidal solution. The side‐effects of its local application are not well known and have not been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the intracystic injections of alcohol and albendazole solutions on the hydatid cysts and hepatobiliary system of rabbits.Methods:  There were three groups of eight rabbits: a control group, an alcohol group and an albendazole group. In all groups hepatic hydatidosis was obtained. The control group received no therapeutic procedure. Cyst liquid was aspirated, and alcohol or albendazole solutions were injected in the other two study groups. alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, echinococcus indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests, and the size and volume of the residual cysts were investigated. Liver was histopathologically evaluated.Results:  The ALT, AST, GGT, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly higher in the alcohol group, whereas echinococcus IHA level was highest in the control group than in the study groups. Albendazole had similar effects but of a lesser degree (P < 0.01). After therapy, the cyst volume was greater in the control than in the albendazole group (P < 0.01). In histopathological evaluation hepatocellular necrosis, portal inflammation and fibrosis were most severe in the alcohol group (P < 0.01).Conclusions:  Alcohol and albendazole solutions are effective as scolicidal solutions. Higher scolicidal effect and lesser side‐effects on hepatobiliary system are the advantages of albendazole solution.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Helicobacter pylorieradication decreases the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored complement regulators, decay‐accelerating factor and homologous restriction factor 20, in human gastric epithelium
Authors: JOH TAKASHI , SASAKI MAKOTO , KATAOKA HIROMI , TANIDA SATOSHI , ITOH KEISUKE , KONDO YUTAKA , OGASAWARA NAOTAKA , OSHIMA TADAYUKI , OKADA NORIKO , OHARA HIROTAKA , SANO HITOSHI , NAKAO HARUKI , SOBUE SATOSHI , ITOH MAKOTO 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground:It has previously been reported that there is a strong correlation between the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored complement membrane inhibitor in gastric epithelium and the severity of inflammation of gastric mucosa. To investigate the regulation of complement activity in gastric epithelium duringHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori)‐associated gastritis, the expression of GPI‐anchored complement membrane inhibitors, decay‐accelerating factor (DAF) and 20‐kDa homologous restriction factor 20 (HRF20), and membrane cofactor protein (MCP), which is a transmembrane protein, were evaluated after removal of theH. pyloristimulus. Furthermore, the expression of the complement fragment, C3c, was also investigated.Methods:Forty‐six patients with epigastric symptoms and endoscopically confirmed peptic ulcer or gastritis who hadH. pyloriinfection of the gastric mucosa were enrolled in the present study. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the gastric antrum and corpus 1 month before and after eradication.Helicobacter pyloriinfection was determined by the rapid urease test, histology, and culture before eradication, and by histology, culture, and urea breath test after eradication. Gastric biopsy specimens obtained before and after eradication were evaluated for infiltration by neutrophils and mononuclear cells. The expression of complement membrane inhibitors, DAF, HRF20, and MCP and that of the main complement fragment, C3c, was immunohistochemically evaluated.Results:One month after the eradication ofH. pylori, the infiltration by neutrophils and mononuclear cells in the gastric mucosa decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) as compared with that before eradication. The expression of DAF, HRF20, and C3c on gastric mucosal epithelium also significantly decreased in both the antrum and the corpus (P < 0.05) 1 month after eradication. However, no change was observed in the expression of MCP.Conclusions:The decrease in the expression of GPI‐anchored complement regulator and the complement after removal of a chronic microbial stimulus suggests that the gastric epithelium appears to undergo an aggressive stress of complement duringH. pyloriinfection. Conclusively, DAF and HRF20 may play an important protective role against complement‐mediated damage induced by chronic microbial stimuli in such a pathological condition.
Effects of HFE gene mutations and alcohol on iron status, liver biochemistry and morbidity
Authors: OLYNYK JOHN K , KNUIMAN MATTHEW W , DIVITINI MARK L , BARTHOLOMEW HELEN C , CULLEN DIGBY J , POWELL LAWRIE W 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The aims of the present study were to determine: (i) whether alcohol consumption is greater in individuals with HFE mutations; and (ii) whether common HFE mutations modify the effects of alcohol on serum iron and liver biochemistry or morbidity.Methods:  The residents of the town of Busselton in Western Australia were subject to cross‐sectional health surveys between 1966 and 1983. In 1994/1995 all surviving participants of the earlier surveys were invited to take part in a follow‐up survey. Logistic, linear and Poisson log‐linear regression analyses were performed in 1490 men and 1452 women from the 1994/1995 survey to assess the relationships between HFE mutations, alcohol, iron levels, liver biochemistry and morbidity.Results:  Heavy or moderate alcohol consumption was present in 7% or 36% of men and 0.5% or 12% of women, respectively. Alcohol consumption strongly influenced levels of serum ferritin and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and mean cell volume (MCV) in men and women but only alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in women. These effects were independent of HFE gene mutations. Hospital admission rates for respiratory disorders were higher in men with the C282Y mutation.Conclusions:  Alcohol consumption strongly influences serum ferritin and GGT levels and MCV in men and women but only ALT levels in women, and these effects are independent of HFE mutations. HFE gene mutations do not predispose to moderate or heavy alcohol consumption. The C282Y mutation is associated with increased respiratory admission rates in men.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Prevalence of gastric cancer decreases with age in long‐living elderly in Japan, possibly due to changes in Helicobacter pylori infection status
Authors: KAWADE MASAYA , JOH TAKASHI , OSHIMA TADAYUKI , TAKAHASHI NOBUO , OGAWA KUMIKO , OHARA HIROTAKA , NOMURA TOMOYUKI , ITOH MAKOTO 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectives:  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and the development of gastric cancer are both believed to increase with age in Japan. However, no studies have investigated people older than 65 years in detail. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of Hp infection and gastric cancer in the elderly, and analyzed the influence of both factors on longevity.Methods:  All patients investigated were 65 years old and over. A total of 1877 autopsy cases were used to investigate the prevalence of gastric cancer and colonic cancer. Serum samples were obtained from 644 patients with dyspepsia and analyzed for Hp‐IgG antibodies. Of these 644 patients, 63 underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Five biopsies were obtained and evaluated for the following morphological variables: neutrophils, mononuclear cell, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. Hp infection was evaluated histologically and with the 13C‐urea breath test.Results:  The prevalence of gastric cancer was significantly lower in subjects older than 85 years. The positive rate of serum Hp‐IgG, and Hp infection as detected histologically and by the 13C‐urea breath test, also decreased with age. In Hp(+) patients, the neutrophil score significantly decreased with age. In Hp(–) patients, however, the intestinal metaplasia score significantly increased with age.Conclusions:  The non‐infection of Hp itself is not related to longevity in Japanese elderly, because even Hp(–) patients appear to have been infected previously with Hp. The lower prevalence of gastric cancer in the elderly may be due to the disappearance of Hp colonization, which may contribute to longevity in Japanese elderly.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Should Orbscan pachometry be performed before or after Goldmann applanation tonometry?
Authors: Huang Ronnie Y. C. , Lam Andrew K. C. , Chan Rufina , Young Shui‐ming 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPurpose:  To compare the Orbscan central corneal thickness (CCT) values before and after intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometry in young normal adults.Materials and Methods:  Fifty‐three eyes of 53 subjects who were free from any ocular problems were studied. The measurements included optical pachometry by the Orbscan II system, followed by Goldmann applanation tonometry, and finally Orbscan optical pachometry again. Standard Goldmann technique was adopted with the application of one drop of 0.4% benoxinate and fluorescein sodium prior to the measurement. The same operator was involved in the Orbscan pachometry before and after Goldmann tonometry. Another investigator was responsible for Goldmann tonometry. Three readings were obtained in each case, and the means were used for analysis.Results:  The mean IOP of the sample was 14.6 ± 2.6 mmHg. There was no significant difference (paired t‐test: p = 0.50) in the mean CCT values before and after the Goldmann tonometry (551 ± 32 and 552 ± 35 μm respectively).Conclusion:  Standard Goldmann applanation tonometry does not affect the Orbscan CCT values. Measurement of CCT for the adjustment of true IOP can be carried out either before or after Goldmann tonometry.
Ecology of an Improbable Association: The Pseudomyrmecine Plant‐antTetraponera tessmanniand the Myrmecophytic LianaVitex thyrsiflora(Lamiaceae) in Cameroon1
Authors: Djiéto‐Lordon Champlain , Dejean Alain , Ring Richard A. , Nkongmeneck Bernard Aloys , Lauga Jacques , McKey Doyle 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn young individuals of the obligate myrmecophytic lianaVitex thyrsiflora, several species of ants and other arthropods compete for resources offered by the plant. In mature individuals, the only inhabitant is the ant speciesTetraponera tessmanni, which is completely restricted toVitexlianas as its sole host. Established colonies of this ant provide effective defense against herbivores. The association betweenV. thyrsifloraandT. tessmanniis unusual in two respects. First, the climbing life form is rare among myrmecophytes. Secondly, it is surprising that a pseudomyrmecine should be the obligate associate of a liana. Pseudomyrmecine plant‐ants often prune vegetation contacting their host plant. This behavior functions in part to protect against invasion of the host by ecologically dominant ants. In contrast,T. tessmannidoes not prune and is associated with a plant whose success, and thus that of its resident ant colony, depends on contacts with many other plants. Several traits ofV. thyrsifloraandT. tessmannicombine to make the colonization of host plants by potential competitors very difficult. These include behavioral and morphological filters restricting entrance into the plant and exploitation of the resources it can supply; plant anatomical organization that enablesT. tessmanniworkers to carry out all activities, except leaf patrolling, within a single, branched private nesting space within which all food resources offered by the plant are produced; and polygyny, permitting the colony to monopolize a large, rapidly growing and long‐lived territory.
Frugivory and Seed Fate in Bursera inversa (Burseraceae) at Tinigua Park, Colombia: Implications for Primate Conservation1
Authors: Stevenson Pablo R. , Link Andrés , Ramírez Beatriz H. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe large ateline primates are efficient seed dispersers in Neotropical forests and hunting is driving their populations to extinction, but we do not know whether other frugivores could substitute primates in their ecological role as seed dispersers. In this study we test this possibility using a potential keystone species (Bursera inversa) at Tinigua Park, Colombia. This plant species allows us to compare seed removal rates between emergent, isolated trees, without primate visitors and trees with connected crowns. We used traps to estimate fruit production and seed removal rates in six different trees, and fruiting trees were observed during 2 yr to quantify the number of seeds manipulated by different animal species. We carried out seed predation experiments to test if seed removal by predators was affected by distance or density effects. We found that the most productive trees attracted more visiting species and seed removal rates differed among trees, the lowest corresponding to trees without primate access. Seed removal rates from the ground by predators were not higher below parental trees than away from them, but the distribution of saplings in the forest suggests that seed dispersal is advantageous. Although it is likely that the effect of primate extinctions will vary depending on tree species traits, conserving the populations of primate seed dispersers is critical to maintain the ecological processes in this forest.
n-QUASI-ISOTOPY I: QUESTIONS OF NILPOTENCE
Authors: MELIKHOV SERGEY A. , REPOVŠ DUŠAN 
Published: August 2005

It is well-known that no knot can be cancelled in a connected sum with another knot, whereas every link can be cancelled up to link homotopy in a (componentwise) connected sum with another link. In this paper we address the question whether the noncancellation property of knots holds for (piecewise-linear) links up to some stronger analogue of link homotopy, which still does not distinguish between sufficiently close C0-approximations of a topological link. We introduce a sequence of such increasingly stronger equivalence relations under the name of k-quasi-isotopy, k∈ℕ; all of them are weaker than isotopy (in the sense of Milnor). We prove that every link can be cancelled up to peripheral structure preserving isomorphism of any quotient of the fundamental group, functorially invariant under k-quasi-isotopy; functoriality means that the isomorphism between the quotients for links related by any allowable crossing change fits in the commutative diagram with the fundamental group of the complement to the intermediate singular link. The proof invokes Baer's theorem on the join of subnormal locally nilpotent subgroups. On the other hand, the integral generalized ( lk ≠ 0) Sato–Levine invariant [Formula: see text] is invariant under 1-quasi-isotopy, but is not determined by any quotient of the fundamental group (endowed with the peripheral structure), functorially invariant under 1-quasi-isotopy — in contrast to Waldhausen's theorem.As a byproduct, we use [Formula: see text] to determine the image of the Kirk–Koschorke invariant [Formula: see text] of fibered link maps.
n-QUASI-ISOTOPY II: COMPARISON
Authors: MELIKHOV SERGEY A. , REPOVŠ DUŠAN 
Published: August 2005

Geometric aspects of the filtration on classical links by k-quasi-isotopy are discussed, including the effect of Whitehead doubling, relations with Smythe's n-splitting and Kobayashi's k-contractibility. One observation is: ω-quasi-isotopy is equivalent to PL isotopy for links in a homotopy 3-sphere (respectively, contractible open 3-manifold) M if and only if M is homeomorphic to S3(respectively, ℝ3). As a byproduct of the proof of the "if" part, we obtain that every compact subset of an acyclic open set in a compact orientable 3-manifold M is contained in a PL homology 3-ball in M.We show that k-quasi-isotopy implies (k + 1)-cobordism of Cochran and Orr. If zm-1(c0+c1z2+⋯+cnz2n) denotes the Conway polynomial of an m-component link, it follows that the residue class of ckmodulo gcd (c0,…,ck-1) is invariant under k-quasi-isotopy. Another corollary is that each Cochran's derived invariant βkis also invariant under k-quasi-isotopy, and therefore assumes the same value on all PL links, sufficiently C0-close to a given topological link. This overcomes an algebraic obstacle encountered by Kojima and Yamasaki, who "became aware of impossibility to define" for wild links what for PL links is equivalent to the formal power series ∑βnznby a change of variable.
Some Principles of Mass Persuasion
Authors: Cartwright Dorwin 
Published: August 2005

During the recent war social psychologists were called upon to conduct research on many problems of importance to the war effort. Many of the data obtained in these research projects had significance and interest only in the immediate situation for which they were collected. Some findings, however, contribute information to basic or recurring problems of social psychology. In order to illuminate some of the basic processes involved in the induction of mass behavior, this paper draws upon the extensive program of wartime research conducted for the War Finance Division of the United States Treasury Department by the Division of Program Surveys of the Department of Agriculture. The immediate aims of the research program were to help guide policy decisions in the development of a program of inflation control through the sale of Saving Bonds. Due to the large number of separate studies drawn upon for data in this paper, it will not be possible to describe in each case the exact research methods employed. In general, the data are all drawn from intensive, open-ended interviews conducted with a representative sample of the population in question. Sampling methods employed were those known as ' area ' or 'proportional' sampling. Many research workers were involved in the collecting of these data, and without the contributions of all of them the studies would not have been possible. The author of this article was in charge of the total program.
Collective Stress and Community Transformation
Authors: Gillespie David F. , Perry Ronald W. , Mileti Dennis S. 
Published: August 2005

The research on emergent organizations indicates that they arise during periods of collective stress, serve as transitory social systems providing neglected community inputs and, then, dissolve after the troublesome period has passed (Haas and Drabek, 1973:6; Taylor et. al., 1970:79-108). Quarantelli (1970:4), however, has pointed out that only '... some emergent groups cease to exist when the immediate crisis is over, whereas others become part of a new social order.' The conditions which correspond to such a group becoming an established organization, Quarantelli (1970:11) suggests, '... rest on the new group being defined as one that carries out necessary tasks or activities not the traditional responsibility of already established groups or organizations.' This account may be adequate for depicting community transformation which results from sudden impact disaster agents such as earthquakes, tornadoes, bombings, etc., but it fails to do more than illustrate the 'climate' in which an emergent organization arises. Illustration is important, but it remains insufficient in that it does not facilitate prediction, particularly with respect to the development of a new order or a return to the old. Surprisingly, the mechanism of group emergence and the means whereby such groups dissipate or become formalized and permanent have not yet appeared in the organizational literature. We believe that this missing link may be due to the fact that research on emergent organizations has focused primarily upon the sudden onset, short-duration impact disasters, excluding for the most part the gradual onset, long-duration impact disasters (cf. Barton, 1969:42-46).2 The present note, therefore, reports upon a research project which is currently investigating a gradual onset, long-term disaster. The data are being produced through a longitudinal study of Neighbors in Need (NIN), a welfare organization based in Seattle, Washington. The information for this report is based on interviews with members of NIN's staff as well as data collected and made available by their own research team. Thus far, the research has developed a series of propositions facilitating (I) an understanding of the procedures and processes whereby new organizations emerge, as well as (2) prediction of their future development or demise. Recent theoretical attempts to conceptualize organizational environments has been helpful in interpreting the findings.
The Outcomes of Resource Use in Migrant Families
Authors: Kotler Tamara , Hammond S. B. 
Published: August 2005

A sample of 41 migrant mothers and their sons provided test and interview data spanning a ten year period. These were used to develop and examine a measure of the socioeconomic and non material resources of the families. This correlated strongly with achievement and personality measures of the sons over ten years. In comparison with a large cross-sectional sample of native born men, the educational achievements of the migrant group were found to be superior, despite initial disadvantages due to their immigrant circumstances. These effects are explained in terms of compensating parental efforts and skills. With regard to personality outcomes, however, the performance of men from low resource families in the migrant group was inferior both to those with high resources and to the native born group as a whole. Parental contributions are again considered, and a close study of specific parental competences is proposed.