bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of organic acidaemias: The role of transplantation
Authors: Leonard J. V. , Walter J. H. , McKiernan P. J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis workshop addressed the issue of treatment in propionic acid‐aemia (PA) and methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) and in particular the outcome of conventional management compared with organ transplantation. Although it appears that with medical treatment the mortality for early‐onset disease has improved, long‐term outcome remains poor. However, liver and liver/kidney transplantation is associated with a high perioperative mortality and long‐term complications. It offers only a partial cure. The indications for transplantation remain unclear. It is recommended that a register of PA and MMA patients should be established.
Psychosocial Outcomes of Urban African American Adolescents Born to Teenage Mothers
Authors: Zimmerman Marc A. , Tuttle Lisa , Kieffer Edie , Parker Edith , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Maton Kenneth I. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis is a study of psychosocial outcomes of adolescents born to teenage mothers. Adolescents' problem behaviors, psychological well‐being, social support, school variables, and sexual behaviors are compared across three groups—those born to mothers 17 or younger, mothers 18–19 years old, and mothers 20 or older. Analyses from two samples of African American adolescents from Maryland (n = 205) and Michigan (n = 570) are reported. The results from both samples indicate that mother's age at birth is unrelated to adolescents' psychosocial outcomes. These two studies add to the limited number of analyses that examine adolescent outcomes for children of teen mothers. The results suggest that efforts to understand social structural determinants of healthy and problematic adolescent development may be more informative than examining the effects of mother's age. They also suggest that teen pregnancy prevention programs may be more effective if they are part of a larger prevention strategy that incorporates social structural change efforts and not only a focus on individual level change.
Factor V Leiden mutation in Turkish patients with homozygous cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency
Authors: Kalkanoğlu H. S. , Coşkun T. , Aydoğdu S. D. , Tokatli A. , Gürgey A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractVenous and arterial thromboembolism can occur in patients with homocystinuria. Resistance to activated protein C, which is caused by a single point mutation in the gene for factor V, renders an individual at risk for thrombosis. It has been suggested that coexistence of hereditary homocystinuria and factor V Leiden mutation might jointly play a role in the development of thrombosis. We analysed six patients with homocystinuria due to cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency for factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations. Only one patient was found to have the factor V Leiden mutation in homozygous form and this patient had suffered from severe thrombosis. One patient was found to be heterozygous with no documented thrombosis. None of the patients had prothrombin G20210A mutation. We stress the necessity for screening for known thrombophilic risk factors in patients with cystathonine β‐synthase deficiency. The coexistence of the factor V Leiden mutation can cause severe thrombotic events in patients with homocystinuria.
Hardiness: An examination of its relationship with positive and negative long term changes following trauma
Authors: Waysman Mark , Schwarzwald Joseph , Solomon Zahava 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTwo models positing direct versus moderating effects of hardiness were examined in relation to long term positive and negative changes following exposure to traumatic stress. Participating in the study were 164 Israeli POWs and a matched group of 184 veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires that included the Personal Views Survey (hardiness); the Trait, Attitude, and Behavior Change questionnaire; and questions related to their captivity/war experiences. Findings were consistent with a model that posits moderating effects of hardiness on both long term negative and positive changes. The discussion addresses the possible role of hardiness in relation to negative and positive outcomes of traumatic events.
A brief report on the Penn Inventory for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Scragg Peter , Grey Nick , Lee Deborah , Young Kerry , Turner Stuart 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this report we provide normative data for the Penn Inventory for posttraumatic stress disorder for men and women who were referred to a specialist outpatient clinic following a range of traumatic events. Data are provided from clinical assessment of 80 people. There was no significant difference between male and female scores. Using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale to ascertain diagnostic status and Hammarberg's cut‐off criterion of 35, the Penn Inventory showed a sensitivity of .90 for male participants and .89 for female participants and a specificity of .55 for male participants and .67 for female participants. The Penn Inventory correlated highly with other measures of psychological distress. We discuss that the Penn Inventory may be best used as a screening instrument or measure of change of general mental well‐being after trauma, rather than a diagnostic tool for specific traumatic stress symptoms.
Role of major lifetime stressors in patients' and spouses' reactions to cancer
Authors: Silver‐Aylaian Michele , Cohen Lawrence H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examined the role of number of major lifetime stressors (e.g., rape, abuse), and the perceived resolution of those stressors, in cancer patients' (n = 54) and spouses' (n = 30) appraisals and current mood. We hypothesized that a high number of lifetime stressors, and low resolution ratings, would be associated with more distress and more negative appraisals of the cancer. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that number of lifetime stressors was a positive predictor of patients' ratings of the cancer's threat, and a positive predictor of their spouses' anger. Mean resolution ratings were a significant positive predictor of spouses' positive affect. The findings suggest that experience with previous stressors affects an individual's reactions to cancer.
A study of the validity of a Screening Instrument for Traumatic Stress in Earthquake Survivors in Turkey
Authors: Başloǧlu Metin , Şalcioǧlu Ebru , Livanou Maria , Özeren Melih , Aker Tamer , Kihç Cengiz , Mestçioǧlu Özlem 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe validity of a Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC), which was developed as part of a Screening Instrument for Traumatic Stress in Earthquake Survivors (SITSES), was examined in 130 survivors of the recent earthquake in Turkey. Data were obtained on the TSSC, which consists of 17 DSM‐IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) items and 6 symptoms of depression. The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale and the Major Depressive Episode module of the Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV were used for comparison with the TSSC. The results indicated that the TSSC has high internal consistency and satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in predicting the diagnosis of PTSD and major depression. The SITSES appeared to be a useful instrument in screening earthquake survivors for PTSD, major depression, illness severity, and risk factors associated with traumatic stress responses.
Multivariate prediction of posttraumatic symptoms in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Carlson Eve B. , Dalenberg Constance , Armstrong Judith , Daniels Jill Walker , Loewenstein Richard , Roth David 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBased on a conceptual framework for the long‐term effects of childhood abuse, this study examined the capacity of childhood family environment (caretaker dysfunction, neglect, perceived social support), violent abuse (physical and sexual), and individual variables (other abuse) to predict adult psychiatric symptoms of PTSD, dissociation, and depression. Complete interview data were obtained from 178 psychiatric inpatients who varied greatly on abuse status and severity. Results of multiple regressions of predictor variables onto the three outcome variables showed that the predictor variables accounted for 15% (for depression) to 42% (for PTSD) of the variance in these symptoms and that violent abuse uniquely accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in outcomes for all three of the symptom groups studied.
Information processing of an acquaintance rape scenario among high‐ and low‐dissociating college women
Authors: Sandberg David A. , Lynn Steven Jay , Matorin Abigail I. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTo assess the impact of dissociation on information processing, 66 college women with high and low levels of trait dissociation were studied with regard to how they unitized videotape segments of an acquaintance rape scenario (actual assault not shown) and a nonthreatening control scenario. Unitization is a paradigm that measures how actively people process stimuli by recording how many times they press a button to indicate that they have seen a significant or meaningful event. Trait dissociation was negatively correlated with participants' unitization of the acquaintance rape videotape, unitization was positively correlated with danger cue identification, and state dissociation was negatively correlated with dangerousness ratings.
Multivariate assessment of explicit memory function in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gilbertson Mark W. , Gurvits Tamara V. , Lasko Natasha B. , Orr Scott P. , Pitman Roger K. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDeclarative memory impairment is a frequent complaint of patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We assessed memory, attention, visual spatial skills, and executive function in Vietnam combat veterans with (n = 19) and without (n = 13) PTSD. Although PTSD subjects demonstrated a “generalized impairment” relative to non‐PTSD subjects on a majority of tasks, only attention and memory provided unique and independent prediction of PTSD versus non‐PTSD status. Our findings suggest that memory functioning represents a neurocognitive domain of specific relevance to the development of PTSD in trauma‐exposed individuals, which can be distinguished from generalized attentional impairment as well as the effects of trauma exposure severity, IQ, comorbid depression, history of alcohol use, and history of developmental learning problems.
Is genotype determination useful in predicting the clinical phenotype in lysosomal storage diseases?
Authors: Maire I. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype will clearly aid in the prognosis, treatment and counselling of patients with lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). This, however, will require the establishment of widely accepted indices with which to score the severity of LSDs, as these diseases are characterized by their marked clinical heterogeneity. Even in the complete absence of a functional enzyme, presentation may be variable, depending on the patient's genetic background and on a range of epigenetic and environmental factors. Further difficulties in predicting disease severity and progression from the genotype arise from the rarity of these disorders, the low enzyme levels required for a normal phenotype and the relative lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of LSDs.
IGF‐1 and bFGF reduce glutaric acid and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid toxicity in striatal cultures
Authors: Bjugstad K. B. , Zawada W. M. , Goodman S. I. , Freed C. R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractGlutaric acid (GA) and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid (3GA) are thought to contribute to the degeneration of the caudate and putamen that is seen in some children with glutaric acidaemia type I, a metabolic disorder caused by a glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. This study assessed the neurotoxicity of GA and 3GA (0–50 mmol/L) compared to quinolinic acid (QUIN) in striatal and cortical cultures. All three acids were neurotoxic in a dose‐dependent manner; however, GA and 3GA were both more toxic than QUIN. The neurotoxic effects of low concentrations of GA or 3GA were additive to QUIN toxicity. A series of hormones and growth factors were tested for protection against GA and 3GA toxicity. Insulin (5–500 μU/ml), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; 10 ng/ml), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1; 50 ng/ml), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; 10 ng/ml), glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF; 10 ng/ml), and two glutamate antagonists were evaluated in brain cultures to which 7 mmol/L GA or 3GA were added. GA and 3GA neurotoxicities were prevented by bFGF. Attenuation of 3GA‐induced neurotoxicity was seen with insulin (5 μU/ml) and IGF‐1. BDNF and GDNF had no effects on neuronal survival. Glutamate antagonists MK801 (10 μmol/L) and NBQX (10 μmol/L) failed to prevent GA or 3GA neurotoxicity. We conclude that GA and 3GA are neurotoxic in cultures of embryonic rat striatum and cortex. Striatal neurons were rescued from death by bFGF and IGF‐1 but not by glutamate antagonist, suggesting that toxicity in this embryonic system is not necessarily mediated by glutamate receptors.
Detection of β‐ureidopropionase deficiency with HPLC–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and confirmation of the defect at the enzyme level
Authors: Van Kuilenburg A. B. P. , Van Lenthe H. , Assmann B. , Göhlich‐Ratmann G. , Hoffmann G. F. , Bräutigam C. , Wevers R. A. , Van Gennip A. H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are degraded via the consecutive action of three enzymes to β‐alanine and β‐aminoisobutyric acid, respectively. To date, a number of patients have been described with a deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and dihydropyrimidinase, the first two enzymes of the pyrimidine degradation pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that the first patient presenting with N‐carbamyl‐β‐amino aciduria, due to a deficiency of β‐ureidopropionase, was easily diagnosed at the metabolite level using HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary analysis showed strongly elevated levels of N‐carbamyl‐β‐alanine and N‐carbamyl‐β‐aminoisobutyric acid, with normal or moderately increased levels of the pyrimidine bases and the dihydropyrimidines, respectively. The deficiency of β‐ureidopropionase was confirmed by measuring all three enzymes of the pyrimidine degradation pathway. No activity of β‐ureidopropionase could be detected in a liver biopsy of the patient, while a normal activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and dihydropyrimidinase was present. Thus, HPLC–tandem mass specrometry proved to be a powerful tool for the initial diagnosis of patients with deficiency of β‐ureidopropionase.
Cognitive functioning and the early development of PTSD
Authors: Bustamante Victoria , Mellman Thomas A. , David Daniella , Fins Ana I. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCross‐sectional studies of chronic PTSD reveal deficits in verbal memory. We studied cognitive functioning and its relationship to current and subsequent PTSD severity during an early phase of trauma response. Thirty‐eight participants with traumatic injuries and only posttrauma incident psychopathology were evaluated shortly after admission to a Level I Trauma Center. Neuropsychological measures were obtained at baseline and assessment of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders was conducted at baseline and follow‐up, 6 weeks later. Significant negative correlations were found for follow‐up PTSD severity with delayed recall and retroactive interference. These relationships were not significant for, and were independent of, baseline PTSD severity. Relative deficits in select areas of verbal memory after a trauma may confer greater risk for developing PTSD.
The long‐term mental health consequences of child sexual abuse: An exploratory study of the impact of multiple traumas in a sample of women
Authors: Banyard Victoria L. , Williams Linda M. , Siegel Jane A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe current study examined exposure to multiple traumas as mediators of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and negative adult mental health outcomes. Participants were 174 women interviewed in the third wave of a longitudinal study of the consequences of child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse victims reported a lifetime history of more exposure to various traumas and higher levels of mental health symptoms. Exposure to traumas in both childhood and adulthood other than child sexual abuse mediated the relationship between child sexual abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. There were also some significant direct effects for child sexual abuse on some outcome measures. Results point to the importance of understanding the interconnected nature of trauma exposure for some survivors.
A divide-and-conquer approach to fragment assembly
Authors: Otu Hasan H. , Sayood Khalid 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Motivation: One of the major problems in DNA sequencing is assembling the fragments obtained by shotgun sequencing. Most existing fragment assembly techniques follow the overlap—layout—consensus approach. This framework requires extensive computation in each phase and becomes inefficient with increasing number of fragments.
Results: We propose a new algorithm which solves the overlap, layout, and consensus phases simultaneously. The fragments are clustered with respect to their Average Mutual Information (AMI) profiles using the k-means algorithm. This removes the unnecessary burden of considering the collection of fragments as a whole. Instead, the orientation and overlap detection are solved efficiently, within the clusters. The algorithm has successfully reconstructed both artificial and real data.
Availability: Available on request from the authors.
Contact: otu@eecomm.unl.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Differences in community mental health literacy in older and younger Australians
Authors: Fisher Laura J. , Goldney Robert D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundDepression has been traditionally considered to increase with age, although that may be due to sampling of those who have presented with depressive conditions. It is now recognised that patients' understanding of depression and beliefs about its appropriate treatment, mental health literacy, influences treatment‐seeking behaviour.ObjectivesThis study delineates depression, recent use of health services and mental health literacy in a random and representative community sample of younger and older South Australians.MethodsDepression, health service utilisation and mental health literacy were assessed in a random and representative sample of 2010 South Australians. Results for those aged between 65 and 74 years (n=300) and those aged 15 to 24 years (n=521) were compared.ResultsCompared with the younger group, older subjects did not report greater levels of current depression although they were more likely to have seen a medical practitioner in the last 12 months and be taking antidepressants. However, their mental health literacy in terms of recognition of a mental health problem in a vignette was somewhat poorer and fewer recommended treatment from a counsellor, telephone service or psychologist and more considered that a psychiatrist would be harmful. They also more often perceived the clergy as helpful.ConclusionsDepression was not more common among older than younger members of the community. Despite recognising depression in a vignette less often and perceiving less likelihood of help from several different mental health professionals, those in the older group were more likely to receive antidepressant medication and to have recently consulted a medical practitioner. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of stress and burnout among staff caregivers in nursing homes and acute geriatric wards
Authors: Cocco Ennio , Gatti Monica , de Mendonça Lima Carlos Augusto , Camus Vincent 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo compare levels of stress and burnout among staff caregivers in nursing homes and acute geriatric wards of general hospitals.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in three nursing homes (total of 522 beds, 270 caregivers) and nine geriatric sections of general hospitals (total of 371 beds, 280 caregivers). Staff caregivers were asked to answer a four‐part questionnaire made up of socio‐demographic data, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Stressful Events Questionnaire (SEQ).Results355 carers (172 from nursing homes, 183 from acute geriatric wards) answered the questionnaire (response rate 66%). Bivariate analysis reveals that general hospital carers show higher GHQ scores, higher MBI—Depersonalisation (DP) and Emotional Exhaustion (EE) sub‐scores and lower MBI—Personal Accomplishment sub‐scores. Stressful Events (as revealed by the SEQ) are more frequently reported by general hospital carers, particularly events related to patients' behavioural disorders. Multivariate analysis shows that general hospital work‐setting, professional role, female gender and patient/carer ratio are significant explanatory variables of a high MBI—EE sub‐score, while general work setting and disability are the best explanatory variables of a high MBI—DP sub‐score. Professional role and general hospital work‐setting are independent factors in a low MBI—Personal Accomplishment (PA) sub‐score.ConclusionThese results appear to show that levels of stress and burnout among staff caregivers are moderate in acute geriatric wards, but significantly higher than in nursing homes. This suggests that increasing the rate of trained staff and improving staff support—for instance by the implementation of Consultation‐Liaison (C‐L) Psychiatry and/or continuing education programmes—could be needed mostly in acute geriatric wards. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A symmetric boundary element method for the Stokes problem in multiple connected domains
Authors: Reidinger B. , Steinbach O. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe consider a symmetric Galerkin boundary element method for the Stokes problem with general boundary conditions including slip conditions. The boundary value problem is reformulated as Steklov–Poincaré boundary integral equation which is then solved by a standard approximation scheme. An essential tool in our approach is the invertibility of the single layer potential which requires the definition of appropriate factor spaces due to the topology of the domain. Here we describe a modified boundary element approach to solve Dirichlet boundary value problems in multiple connected domains. A suitable extension of the standard single layer potential leads to an operator which is elliptic on the original function space. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General computational strategy to study polymerization reactions at aluminum‐based catalysts
Authors: Talarico Giovanni , Barone Vincenzo , Joubert Laurent , Adamo Carlo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFollowing our previous work, we have tested an effective computational strategy to study olefin polymerization at Al systems. The proposed protocol rests on a combined use of post–Hartree‐Fock and density functional theory (DFT) methods, to obtain the best ratio between accuracy and resource demand. Several Al systems have been treated, selected so as to explore different electronic and structural environments around the metal site. Our results confirm that termination reactions involving hydrogen transfer cannot be reliably described at the DFT level, but this problem can be overridden by our combined approach. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003