bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Sphingosine Enters Xenopus Laevis Embryos Grown in Petri Dishes and It Is Metabolized
Authors: Rizzo Angela Mario , Rossi Federica , Guerra Anna , Berra Bruno , Gornati Rosalba , Bernardini Giovanni , Sonnino Sandro 
Published: December 2002

Xenopus embryos of different developmental stages were exposed to 0.1 μM [1-3H]sphingosine. Labeled sphingosine was quickly absorbed by Xenopus embryos. The amount of radioactivity absorbed increased with embryo age and appeared to be linearly correlated (R=0.97) to the embryo surface area. About 45% of the total radioactivity associated to the embryos was found in the skin, 22% in the intestine, 15% in the heart, 12% in the liver and 6% in the brain.
A portion of [1-3H]sphingosine entered very rapidly the biosynthetic pathway of sphingolipids; after 30 min of incubation, in fact, only a small amount of free radioactive sphingosine could be detected. Sphingomyelin was the main radioactive sphingolipid synthesized; radioactive ceramide, galactosylceramide and lactosylceramide could also be recognized and quantified. On the contrary, the amount of radioactive gangliosides was hardly detectable.
A portion of [1-3H]sphinogosine absorbed by Xenopus embryos (30 to 60% depending on the developmental stage) entered the catabolic pathway producing radioactive phosphoethanolamine that was recycled for the biosynthesis of radioactive phosphatidylethanolamine. This phospholipid was produced mainly in the intestine and in the skin, while sphingomyelin was the main radioactive lipid in the heart, liver and brain.
Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in Stickler syndrome
Authors: Ahmad Nadeem , Richards Allan J. , Murfett Helen C. , Shapiro Leonard , Scott John D. , Yates John R.W. , Norton Joanne , Snead Martin P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in Stickler syndrome has been reported to be much higher than in the general population. As a result, it has been recommended that all patients with Stickler syndrome undergo routine echocardiography and have antibiotic prophylaxis prior to surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in a large cohort of UK patients with Stickler syndrome in whom the clinical diagnosis has been confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. Probands and pedigrees were identified from the Vitreoretinal Service database according to previously published criteria. Ophthalmic, skeletal, audiometric, and orofacial features were assessed. Affected individuals underwent a full cardiological examination including auscultation and two‐dimensional echocardiography. Mutation analysis of the COL2A1 and COL11A1 genes was carried out. Seventy‐eight patients from 25 pedigrees were studied. Mutation analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis in every pedigree. No patient was found to have clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and no patient had significant mitral or other valvular prolapse on echocardiography. These data from a large cohort of UK patients with proven Stickler syndrome do not suggest an increased incidence of mitral valve prolapse over and above that found in the general population. Routine echocardiography screening and use of preoperative antibiotics are unnecessary and should be reserved for those individual cases where there is clear clinical indication. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations of the M6p/Igf2 receptor gene in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N‐nitrosobis(2‐hydroxypropyl)amine in rats
Authors: Tsujiuchi Toshifumi , Sasaki Yasutaka , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Konishi Yoichi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlterations of the mannose 6‐phosphate/insulin‐like growth factor II receptor (M6p/lgf2r) gene were investigated in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N‐nitrosobis(2‐hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in rats. Male Wistar rats, 6 wk old, were given 2000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 wk and maintained without further treatment until killed at week 25. A total of 12 lung adenocarcinomas were obtained, and total RNAs were extracted from each for assessment of mutations and levels of aberrant transcripts of the M6p/Igf2r gene by reverse transcription (RT)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis and RT‐PCR analysis, respectively. No mutations were found in exons 27, 28, 31, 33, and 34. Aberrant transcripts bearing deletions of nt 3698 to 4902, 3366 to 4902, and 3817 to 4697 were detected in three of 12 adenocarcinomas (25%). These results suggest that alterations of the M6p/Igf2r gene may be involved in the development of lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychiatric disorders and social characteristics among second-generation Moroccan migrants in Belgium: An age–and gender–controlled study conducted in a psychiatric emergency department
Authors: Fossion P. , Ledoux Y. , Valente F. , Servais L. , Staner L. , Pelc I. , Minner P. 
Published: December 2002

SummaryPurpose.Clinically, one of the most consistent clinical findings among migrant patients is an increase in the rate of psychosis. The aim of the present study was to confirm this finding in Belgium by comparing second-generation Moroccan migrant patients with Belgian patients, matched for the variables of age and gender.Subjects and method.We conducted a cross-sectional survey on 272 patients admitted in a psychiatric emergency unit during the year 1998. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to compare the two subgroups.Results.Multivariate analyses showed that migrant patients lived more often with their parental family and that they presented a higher rate of admission for psychotic disorders and a lower rate of employment.Discussion.Our findings add to the growing body of results showing increased incidence of psychosis among immigrants to European countries, but several factors have to be taken into account, particularly with regard to selection biases and differences in help-seeking behaviour and in family perception of the mental illness.Conclusion.Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that unemployment is a contributing factor in the risk for psychosis among migrant groups. Further studies would be needed to better explain some of our results, particularly the role played by the families of migrant patients.
Modelling the phenylalanine blood level response during treatment of phenylketonuria
Authors: Langenbeck U. , Zschocke J. , Wendel U. , Hönig V. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA vast body of phenylketonuria (PKU) patient monitoring data is deposited in clinical files and, after having served the actual needs, has remained there largely unused. We propose a kinetic model that will allow continued analysis of such data for further elucidation of the patient's metabolic phenotype and phenylalanine (Phe) disposal characteristics. Our PKU model of a single compartment with the input of alimentary Phe and two outputs—(1) first‐order Phe conversion to tyrosine and acidic metabolites, and (2) zero‐order Phe usage for net protein synthesis—has been developed with the graphics‐oriented ModelMaker (then Cherwell Scientific Ltd, Oxford, UK) software package. The corresponding differential and integrated rate equations are presented to enable transfer of the model to equation‐oriented simulation packages. The model offers a possible explanation for discrepancies in some genotype–phenotype data.
Familial hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia: A new case that indicates autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Meyer P. , Boettger M. B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMale and female siblings, now aged 18 and 23 years respectively, with familial hypomagnesaemia and secondary hypocalcaemia provide further evidence that this is an autosomal recessive disorder and not X‐linked as originally thought.
Child and parent response to the 1993 World Trade Center bombing
Authors: Koplewicz Harold S. , Vogel Juliet M. , Solanto Mary V. , Morrissey Richard F. , Alonso Carmen M. , Abikoff Howard , Gallagher Richard , Novick Rona M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study evaluated children's symptoms 3 and 9 months after the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, and the relationship between parent and child reactions when only the children had been in the building. Nine children who had been trapped in an elevator, 13 who had been on the observation deck, and 27 controls completed the Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index and a Fear Inventory. Parents completed these measures about the children and comparable measures about themselves. Exposed children reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and disaster‐related fears; their parents reported experiencing PTSD symptoms. Only parents rated children's symptoms as decreasing significantly over time. Association between child symptoms and parent symptoms increased over time. Children's initial distress predicted parents' distress 9 months postdisaster.
Effects of childhood exposure to familial alcoholism and family violence on adolescent substance use, conduct problems, and self‐esteem
Authors: Ritter Jennifer , Stewart Michael , Bernet Christine , Coe Michael , Brown Sandra A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractExposure to familial alcoholism has been associated with many behavioral and emotional difficulties among offspring. However, few studies have examined environmental risks that often coexist with familial alcoholism, and which may influence the development of offspring psychosocial problems. This study examined potential additive and interactive effects of childhood exposure to family violence and childhood exposure to familial alcoholism on adolescent functioning. Three domains of adolescent functioning were examined in a high‐risk community sample of 109 families: lifetime levels of substance use, conduct disorder behaviors, and self‐esteem. Results indicated that both childhood exposure to familial alcoholism and childhood exposure to family violence were associated with psychosocial functioning of offspring during adolescence, although the relations differ according to domain of functioning and gender.
Screening for Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency by Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gempel K. , Kiechl S. , Hofmann S. , Lochmüller H. , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer U. , Willeit J. , Sperl W. , Rettinger A. , Bieger I. , Pongratz D. , Gerbitz K. D. , Bauer M. F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is the most common inherited disorder of lipid metabolism in adults. Currently the routine diagnosis is based on the determination of CPT enzyme activity in muscle tissue. We have analysed the tandem mass spectra of serum acylcarnitines of nine CPT II‐deficient patients. These spectra were compared to those of a cohort of 99 patients with other neuromuscular disorders and metabolic conditions supposed to cause alterations of the long‐chain acylcarnitines. The spectra in CPT II deficiency showed characteristic elevations of C16:0 and C18:1 acylcarnitines while acetylcarnitine C2 was not elevated. In the present study, the ratio (C16:0+C18:1)/C2 has detected all CPT II deficiencies and discriminated them from unspecific alterations of serum acylcarnitines. The ratios of CPT II‐deficient patients showed virtually no overlap with those observed in patients with other neuromuscular disorders. We suggest mass spectrometry of serum acylcarnitines as a rapid screening test that should be included early in the diagnostic work‐up of patients with recurrent myoglobinuria, recurrent muscular weakness and myalgia.
Prevalence and correlates of secondary traumatic stress in workplace lay trauma counselors
Authors: Ortlepp Karen , Friedman Merle 
Published: December 2002

AbstractQuantitative (N = 130) and qualitative (N = 30) data were collected to explore the experiences of nonprofessional trauma counselors in the workplace. Counselors, on average, did not experience symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) requiring clinical intervention. Changes to cognitive schemata regarding counselors' world views were found to be present 6 weeks after their last trauma counseling incident. Counselors reported experiencing considerable role satisfaction. Factors related to the nature of the trauma counseling task and counselors' exposure to work and nonwork related trauma were not significantly associated with counselors' STS or role satisfaction scores. Program coordination, self‐efficacy, stakeholder commitment, sense of coherence, and perceived social support were significantly related to counselors' experiences of STS and role satisfaction.
Effect of Fish Oil on Appetite and Other Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Cancer and Anorexia/Cachexia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Bruera Eduardo , Strasser Florian , Palmer J. Lynn , Willey Jie , Calder Kathryn , Amyotte Gail , Baracos Vickie 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: To determine whether high doses of fish oil, administered over 2 weeks, improve symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and decreased weight and appetite. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to fish oil capsules or placebo. Appetite, tiredness, nausea, well-being, caloric intake, nutritional status, and function were prospectively assessed at days 1 and 14. Results: The baseline weight loss was 16 ± 11 and 16 ± 8 kg in the fish oil (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30) group respectively, whereas the baseline appetite (0 mm = best and 10 mm = worst) was 58 ± 24 mm and 67 ± 19 mm, respectively (P = not significant). The mean daily dose was 10 ± 4 (fish oil group) and 9 ± 3 (placebo group) capsules, which provided 1.8 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.2 g of docosahexaenoic acid in the fish oil group. No significant differences in symptomatic or nutritional parameters were found (P < .05), and there was no correlation between changes in different variables between days 1 and 14 and the fish oil doses. Finally, the majority of the patients were not able to swallow more than 10 fish oil capsules per day, mainly because of burping and aftertaste. Conclusion: Fish oil did not significantly influence appetite, tiredness, nausea, well-being, caloric intake, nutritional status, or function after 2 weeks compared with placebo in patients with advanced cancer and loss of both weight and appetite.
Update on Late Relapse of Germ Cell Tumor: A Clinical and Molecular Analysis
Authors: George David W. , Foster Richard S. , Hromas Robert A. , Robertson Kent A. , Vance Gail H. , Ulbright Thomas M. , Gobbett Troy A. , Heiber Devan J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Ramsey Heather C. , Thurston Virginia C. , Jung Sin-Ho , Shen Jianzhao , Finch David E. , Kelley Mark R. , Einhorn Lawrence H. 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: Analysis of patients with late relapse (LR) of germ cell tumor (GCT) with reports on clinical characteristics, outcomes, and molecular and cytogenetic features. Patients and Methods: Eighty-three patients evaluated at Indiana University from 1993 through 2000 for relapse of GCT more than 2 years from initial therapy were reviewed. Available specimens were investigated for expression of the transcription regulator FoxD3 and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and the presence of chromosome 12 abnormalities. Results: Median interval from initial presentation to LR was 85 months. Forty-three of 49 LR patients who underwent surgery were rendered disease free (NED), and 20 (46.5%) remain continuously NED. Thirty-two patients received chemotherapy, but only six (18.8%) obtained a complete remission. Five of these patients remain continuously NED after chemotherapy alone, including three who were chemotherapy naïve. Eighteen of these 32 patients were successfully rendered NED by postchemotherapy surgery, and 12 remain continuously NED. Two patients continue on observation with no treatment for their LR. Overall, 69 of the 81 treated patients (85.2%) ultimately achieved an NED state, and 38 (46.9%) remain continuously NED with median follow-up from LR therapy of 24.5 months (range, 1 to 83 months), whereas nine other patients are currently NED after therapy for subsequent relapses. Because of the small numbers of specimens tested, we were unable to draw any definitive conclusions from the molecular and cytogenetic analyses. Conclusion: GCT patients require lifetime follow-up. At the time of LR, surgical resection alone remains our preferred therapy.
Depression and Psychological Distress in Patients During the Year After Curative Resection of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Uchitomi Yosuke , Mikami Ichiro , Nagai Kanji , Nishiwaki Yutaka , Akechi Tatsuo , Okamura Hitoshi 
Published: December 2002

Purpose: There have been few psychosocial studies of patients after curative resection of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical course of depression and psychological distress of such patients during the year after surgery and to identify predictors of their long-term outcome. Patients and Methods: A total of 212 patients completed assessments during a 12-month follow-up period after curative resection of NSCLC. Psychological measurements at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery were conducted using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ed 3), Revised, and the Profiles of Mood States (POMS) scale. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of psychological outcome according to these two methods of assessment. Results: The prevalence of depression did not change during the year after curative resection (range, 4.7% to 8.0%). The total POMS score was also unaltered during the year after surgery: the anger-hostility (P < .001) and tension-anxiety subscale scores (P < .026) had increased at 12 months, but the vigor-activity subscale score had also increased (P < .001). All predictors of psychological outcome at 12 months included a depression episode after the diagnosis of lung cancer or at 1 month after surgery. Less-educated status was also a significant predictor of depression at 12 months. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for psychosocial support even after curative resection of NSCLC and indicate that an approach that includes repetitive perioperative assessment of depression and careful attention to less-educated patients might be of benefit to patients in ameliorating depression and psychological distress during the year after curative resection.
Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease and Related Health Care Spending
Authors: Sakoi Naomi , Mori Yuichiro , Tsugawa Yusuke , Tanaka Junko , Fukuma Shingo 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceThe global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is substantial and potentially leads to higher health care resource use.ObjectiveTo examine the association between early-stage CKD and health care spending and its changes over time in the general population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study using nationwide health checkup and medical claims data in Japan. Participants included individuals aged 30 to 70 years with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) of 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater at the baseline screening in 2014. Data analyses were conducted from April 2021 to October 2023.ExposureThe CKD stages at baseline, defined by the eGFR and proteinuria, were as follows: eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater without proteinuria, eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater with proteinuria, eGFR of 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 without proteinuria, and eGFR of 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 with proteinuria.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was excess health care spending, defined as the absolute difference in health care spending according to the baseline CKD stages (reference group: eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 without proteinuria) in the baseline year (2014) and in the following 5 years (2015 to 2019).ResultsOf the 79 988 participants who underwent a health checkup (mean [SD] age, 47.0 [9.4] years; 22 027 [27.5%] female), 2899 (3.6%) had an eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater with proteinuria, 1116 (1.4%) had an eGFR of 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 without proteinuria, and 253 (0.3%) had an eGFR of 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 with proteinuria. At baseline, the presence of proteinuria and an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with greater excess health care spending (adjusted difference, $178; 99% CI, $6-$350 for proteinuria; $608; 99% CI, $233-$983 for an eGFR of 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2; and $1254; 99% CI, $134-$2373 for their combination). The study consistently found excess health care spending over the following 5 examined years.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of nationwide health checkup and medical claims data in Japan, early-stage CKD was associated with excess health care spending over the 5 examined years, and the association was more pronounced with a more advanced disease stage.
Pregnancy Outcomes in a Diverse US Lupus Cohort
Authors: Simard Julia F. , Liu Emily F. , Chakravarty Eliza , Rector Amadeia , Cantu Miranda , Kuo Daniel Z. , Shaw Gary M. , Druzin Maurice L. , Weisman Michael H. , Hedderson Monique M. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveAlthough the population of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is racially and ethnically diverse, many study populations are homogeneous. Further, data are often lacking on critical factors, such as antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). We investigated live birth rates in patients with SLE at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, including race and ethnicity and aPL data.MethodsElectronic health records of pregnancies with outcomes observed from 2011 to 2020 were identified among patients with SLE. Prevalent SLE was defined as two or more International Classification of Diseases–coded visits seven or more days apart before the last menstrual period. We summarized patient characteristics, medication orders, health care use, and medication use. Pregnancy outcomes (live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and molar pregnancy) were presented overall and stratified by race and ethnicity, aPL status, and nephritis history.ResultsWe identified 657 pregnancies among 453 patients with SLE. The cohort was diverse, reflecting the Northern California population (27% Asian, 26% Hispanic, 26% Non‐Hispanic White, 13% Non‐Hispanic Black, 5% multiracial, and approximately 2% Pacific Islander and Native American). Approximately 74% of observed pregnancies ended in live birth, 23% resulted in spontaneous abortion, 2% were ectopic or molar pregnancies, and <1% were stillbirths. There was limited variability in live births by race and ethnic group (72%–79%), aPL status (69.5%–77%), and nephritis history (71%–75%).ConclusionOur findings are consistent with previous studies; however, some methodologic differences may yield a range of live birth rates. We found that approximately 74% of pregnancies in patients with SLE ended in live birth, with modest variability in spontaneous abortion by race and ethnicity, nephritis history, and aPL status.
Disruptive Ecologies: Design with Nonhuman Intelligences
Authors: Bottazzi Roberto , Hosmer Tyson , Claypool Mollie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the last decade, the B‐Pro post‐professional Architectural Design Master's programmes in Architectural Design (AD) and Urban Design (UD) at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London have developed innovative research delving into various aspects of design and digital technologies. Such preoccupations include biotechnology, computation and artificial intelligence, digital fabrication and robotics. Programme directors Roberto Bottazzi and Tyson Hosmer, and Theory Coordinator Mollie Claypool, illustrate some of its recent thought‐provoking work.