bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will reducing the service trade barrier improve environmental performance in OECD countries?
Authors: Zhou Jing , Kafeel Kafeel , Khan Sher , Zhang Si , Suplata Marian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid expansion of the global economy poses a serious threat to the environment due to the ever-increasing demand for fossil fuels. While trade can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants in the absence of appropriate environmental regulations, it can also be a crucial tool in addressing the climate crisis and other environmental challenges. This study empirically investigates the relationship between several factors and environmental performance in OECD countries to support the theoretical argument. These factors include the Service Trade Restrictiveness Index, renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, GDP, and international trade. The aim is to understand how these variables impact CO2 emissions, providing policymakers with insights to develop more effective climate change mitigation strategies. The analysis utilizes panel data from 35 OECD countries covering the period from 2014 to 2022. The Benchmark Ordinary Least Squares and Two-Stage Least Squares methods are employed to estimate the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest. The findings reveal that trade and service restrictions, renewable energy, and technological innovation contribute to reducing carbon emissions. However, GDP growth and trade are positively correlated with CO2 emissions, indicating that economic growth and increased trade are associated with higher carbon emissions. These results underscore the importance of promoting environmentally friendly technological innovation and sustainable development while cautioning policymakers to carefully consider the potential benefits of service trade restrictions. The research also highlights the challenges of achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection, urging the adoption of sustainable practices to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of GDP growth. Policymakers, environmental organizations, and researchers can use this study's findings to inform effective climate change mitigation efforts.
Differences in trophic niches and life-history traits between brook trout and brown trout in alpine lake food webs
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Javier , Bærum Kim Magnus , Byström Pär , Arranz Ignasi , Cobain Matthew R. D. , Eloranta Antti P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Trophic ecology of lacustrine salmonid populations is well-documented in North America and northern Europe, highlighting their role in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a notable gap in comparative studies on the trophic niches and life-history traits of salmonids in Iberian alpine lakes, which are increasingly impacted by introduced fishes. We compared the trophic ecology and life-history traits of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in two alpine lakes of central Spain, providing insights into their ecological roles and potential responses to environmental pressures. Compared to brown trout, brook trout displayed a broader dietary niche (based on isotopes and stomach contents), higher reliance on terrestrial food resources, higher δ13C values and higher trophic position. Thus, the higher trophic position of top predator salmonids suggests a slightly longer food chain in the lake with brook trout. Brook trout showed a higher trophic plasticity indicated by an ontogenetic dietary shift from zooplanktivory to more generalist foraging on terrestrial prey. Brook trout displayed life-history traits such as early maturation, which likely facilitate successful establishment in alpine lakes. Our study suggests that the trophic plasticity and adaptive life-history traits likely support the successful establishment of non-native salmonids in alpine lake food webs.
pi-par: A Dependently-Typed Parallel Language with Algorithmic Skeletons
Authors: Brown Christopher , Barwell Adam D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Algorithmic skeletons are an effective, pattern-based approach for parallelising software. However, despite implementations for a range of languages and paradigms, there is currently no support for dependently-typed languages, such as Idris, Agda and Coq. Such languages promote safer software via the ability to express logical properties and specifications, along with their proofs, directly in code. In this paper, we present , a prototype dependently-typed language based on Idris, with message-passing concurrency and built-in Pipeline and Task Farm skeletons. We evaluate on a series of standard Task Farm and Pipeline examples, achieving speedups of up to 23.35

$$\times $$

×

on a 28-core machine.
On Sectorial Photon Theories Reconstructing Einstein’s Early Fusion Picture for Light
Authors: Rieckers Alfred 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This is the second part of a pair of companion papers devoted to an analysis of Einstein’s fusion picture for light. While in the foregoing paper “An Actual Discusion of Einstein’s Early Fusion Picture for Photons and Classical Maxwell Fields” (referred to as Rieckers 2025) our conclusions ended with the historical ab initio motivation and mathematical elaboration of a multi-photon theory in Fock space, we now start from the non–separable C*-Weyl algebra gained by abstracting the Fock–represented Weyl algebra. To the rich state space of this antiliminary observable algebra we apply notions of a convex state space approach to identify sub–theories that cover classical field states (including the vacuum with classical zero–field), that are possibly decorated by photonic quantum noise. The main emphasis is laid on direct integrals over irreducible, disjoint representations of the C*-Weyl algebra, decomposing the effective photon theory into sectors. Certain limits of smeared central field operators suggest a mathematical realization of Einstein’s early photon notion consisting of an energy point surrounded by a local force field (respective wave function). Macroscopic classical Maxwell fields are gained by superposing the expectation values of products of those composite photon operators. The ontological status of the explicated photon notion is discussed. Connections to Einstein’s historic photon theory, summarized in Rieckers (2025), as well as to quantum optical applications are hinted at throughout the paper.
Religiosity and Mental and Behavioural Health Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Thailand: Results of a Longitudinal National Survey in 2015–2020
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess associations between religiousness (affiliation, and involvement) and five mental and five behavioural health indicators among middle-aged and older adults in a national longitudinal population survey in Thailand. The analytic sample consisted of 2863 participants, with two study assessments in 2015 and 2020. At baseline 91.5 percent were Buddhists and 8.2 percent were Muslims, and 42.6 percent a had high religious involvement. In the adjusted model, moderate and/or high religious involvement was negatively associated with four mental health and four behavioural health risk indicators. Furthermore, being a Buddhist was negatively associated with poor self-rated mental health status, depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms and loneliness, and positively associated with alcohol use.
GNNBoost: boosting artwork classification with graph embeddings
Authors: El Vaigh Cheikh Brahim , Garcia Noa , Renoust Benjamin , Chu Chenhui , Nakashima Yuta , Qian Yiming , Nagahara Hajime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of AI systems for managing large-scale cultural heritage artifacts has become possible due to the rise of digitization. To classify such content, machine learning is typically used, where contextual information is important to structure the data. One way to capture context is through a knowledge graph. In this study, we propose a newd graph neural networks, we can improve artwork classification by utilizing the relationships between entities of the knowledge graph. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach achieves state-of-the-art results on multiple classification tasks across three datasets (SemArt paintings, Buddha statues, and Ukiyo-e woodblock prints). Moreover, our approach is effective in dealing with unbalanced data and we explore the use of both graph attention mechanisms and focal loss functions.
Raising rivals’ costs and right to repair laws: Separating the sheep from the goats?
Authors: Dortz Michael , Wagner Jeffrey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We conceptualize right to repair laws as requiring original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to walk back significant first-mover advantages, much of which comprise intellectual property rights. Doing so reduces rivals’ costs, which in turn increases competition in repair markets and environmental quality. Indeed, our microeconomic theory of right to repair laws shows that the credible threat of antitrust action or passage of a right to repair law may raise social welfare, as the OEM optimally walks back some of its information advantage in order to reduce the likelihood of these interventions. Back-of-the-envelope simulation of the model yields welfare comparisons.
Abating income inequality with financial and institutional quality instruments in Sub-Saharan Africa region
Authors: Kassouri Yacouba , Majok Aweng Peter Garang , Bilgili Faik , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In Africa, achieving the 10th goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which mainly addresses reducing inequalities, cannot be more urgent task confronting the continent’s governing institutions. With this lingering challenge in Africa and arguably propelled by significant gap in institutional performance, this investigation is centered on further exploring the drivers of income inequality by employing a macro panel dataset covering 20 Sub-Saharan Africa countries. By employing range of explanatory variables including economic growth, financial development, and variables that measure institutional performance, the findings confirm the implied hypothesis, indicating that economic growth is nonlinearly associated with income inequality. In addition, we established that the effect of financial development on income inequality varies across countries according to the level of political institutions including government stability and bureaucracy quality. This is explained by the coefficient for the interaction between financial development and institutional indicators which suggests that stronger institutions characterized by stable governments and efficient bureaucratic processes tend to foster the equitable distribution of income. The implication is that the relationship between financial factors and income inequality is largely dependent on the quality of institutions. Further result outcome indicates that globalization should not be neglected in addressing income inequalities.
SenSkin™: a human skin-specific cellular senescence gene set
Authors: Wyles Saranya P. , Yu Grace T. , Ganier Clarisse , Tchkonia Tamar , Lynch Magnus D. , Kuchel George A. , Kirkland James L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cellular senescence gene sets have been leveraged to overcome the inadequate sensitivity or specificity of single markers. However, growing evidence of heterogeneity among tissues in senescent cell phenotypes and gene expression profiles has highlighted the need for tissue-specific gene sets. SenSkin™ was curated by an expert review of literature on cellular senescence in the skin and characterized with pathway analysis. To validate SenSkin™, it was evaluated for enrichment with chronological aging in a bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset and a pseudobulk RNA-seq dataset. Further, changes to SenSkin™ in different skin cell types with photoaging were evaluated in two single-cell RNA-seq datasets. SenSkin™ predominantly included genes related to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which were associated with metabolism and multiple aspects of immune responses. SenSkin™ was more enriched in chronologically aged skin than other commonly used cellular senescence and aging gene sets. In scRNA-seq, SenSkin™ displayed significant upregulation due to photoaging in ten skin cell types. In conclusion, SenSkin™ is a human skin-specific senescence gene set validated in chronological aging and photoaging, which may be more effective at detecting senescent cells in the skin than non-tissue-specific gene sets.
Three-way focusing Zakharov-Shabat systems with zero diagonal entry
Authors: Demontis Francesco , van der Mee Cornelis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article we develop the direct and inverse scattering theory of the AKNS system

$${\varvec{V}}_x=(ik\Sigma +{\mathcal {Q}}(x)){\varvec{V}}$$

V

x

=

(
i
k
Σ
+
Q

(
x
)

)

V

, where

$$\Sigma =\text {diag}(1,0,-1)$$

Σ
=
diag
(
1
,
0
,
-
1
)

and

$${\mathcal {Q}}(x)$$

Q
(
x
)

is an off-diagonal

$$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

$$\varvec{\sigma }$$

σ

-focusing potential with entries in

$$L^1({\mathbb {R}})$$

L
1

(
R
)

. We derive the time evolution of the scattering data which, through the inverse scattering transform, lead to the solution of the initial-value problem for a generalized long-wave-short-wave equation. We determine the essential spectrum of the AKNS system rigorously.
A Novel Automated Algorithm to Identify Lung Cancer Screening from Free Text of Radiology Orders
Authors: Rustagi Alison S. , Vali Marzieh , Graham Francis J. , Lum Emily N. , Slatore Christopher G. , Keyhani Salomeh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer screening (LCS) is recommended for asymptomatic patients. Administrative codes for LCS may capture tests prompted by signs/symptoms.

Objective
To validate an automated algorithm that identifies LCS among asymptomatic patients.

Design
In this cross-sectional study, an algorithm was iteratively developed to identify outpatient low-dose chest CT scans via Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, search free text of radiology orders for screening terms and signs/symptoms (e.g., cough), and classify scans as screening or not.

Participants
National population-based sample of 4503 adults ages 65–80 in Veterans Health Affairs primary care, with detailed smoking history to identify LCS-eligible individuals (30 + pack-years, current tobacco use, or quit < 15 years prior).

Main Measures
Algorithm specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) relative to manual chart review (gold standard) on 100% of screening scans and > 10% random sample of non-screening scans.

Key Results
Chart review was conducted on n = 335 scans. The final algorithm could not classify 22% of scans, of which 73% were non-screening; these were excluded from primary analyses. Among 842 LCS-eligible individuals, the algorithm demonstrated 97% sensitivity (95%CI 91–99%) and 79% specificity (58–93%). Only 69% (61–77%) of scans classified as LCS via administrative codes were truly screening, compared to 95% of those classified as screening via the algorithm (p < 0.001). Algorithm performance was similar regardless of LCS eligibility, with 90% PPV (84–94%) and 93% NPV (86–97%) in the overall population regardless of tobacco cigarette history.

Conclusions
An automated algorithm can accurately identify screening versus diagnostic chest imaging, a necessary step to unbiased analyses of LCS in non-randomized settings. Studies should assess the accuracy of administrative codes for LCS in other health systems.
Risk Factors of Difficult Intubation in Patients with Severe Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Saracoglu Ayten , Vegesna Atchyuta R. R. , Abdallah Bushra M. , Arif Mariah , Elshoeibi Amgad M. , Mohammed Athika S. , Karam Mohsen , Rubab Umm I. , Rizwan Mohammed , Valappil Sikha S. , Aslam Marzooq , Bashah Moataz M. , Saracoglu Kemal T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Obesity poses significant challenges by altering upper airway anatomy and making mask ventilation and tracheal intubation difficult. In 2023, 46.1% women and 35.9% men > 18 years were classified as obese in Qatar, yet intubation complications in this group have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and types of intubation complications in adults with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and to identify incidence of difficult intubation and associated risk factors.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 2421 patients (1664 females and 746 males) were analyzed. All patients with severe obesity aged over 18 years with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher, who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2014 to January 2024, were included. Difficult intubation was defined as the need for video laryngoscopy, cricothyrotomy, intubation via a supraglottic airway device, use of a stylet or bougie, more than one intubation attempt, or desaturation during intubation.

Results
None of the patients experienced any complications of interest. Video laryngoscope was used in 85 patients (3.5%), first-attempt intubation success rate was 95.4%, with more than one attempt required in 4.6% of cases. Logistic regression revealed that the odds of complicated intubation were 1.5 times higher in patients with a BMI > 60, 8.9 times higher in those with Cormack-Lehane class IV, and 5.1 times higher in patients with Mallampati score of IV. Comorbidities increased the odds by 1.3 times, with asthmatic patients having 2.1-fold higher odds.

Conclusion
This study highlights the challenges of tracheal intubation in patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and the need for tailored strategies to manage these difficulties.
Onboarding: a key to employee retention and workplace well-being
Authors: Mosquera Pilar , Soares Maria Eduarda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Onboarding is crucial for the creation of a lasting bond between employees and the organization and, consequently, for the retention of new hires. However, there is a lack of research on the mechanisms by which onboarding influences employees turnover intention. Based on the Socialization of Resources Theory, the study analyses the role of organizational identification and employee well-being as possible links between onboarding and turnover intention. Previous onboarding research has primarily focused on corporate welcome sessions, while often neglecting the role of managers and coworkers in helping newcomers adjust effectively. This study aims to fill this gap by considering three dimensions of onboarding: Corporate Welcome, Managers’ Welcome, and Coworkers’ Welcome. A total of 114 complete responses were collected through an online survey shared on social networks during May/June, 2023. Most participants work in the private sector, in small/medium-sized companies operating in Portugal. Structural Equations Modelling with Partial Least Squares was used to test the hypothesis under study. The results evidence a positive effect of onboarding on employees’ well-being and on organizational identification. Workplace well-being mediates the relationship between onboarding and turnover intention. Additionally, the findings show that there are significant differences for gender, since the effect of Managers’ Welcome on Turnover Intention is stronger for males and the effect of Workplace Well-being on Turnover Intention is stronger for females. The model explains 65.4% of turnover intention variance.
Imaging of Congestion in Cardio-renal Syndrome
Authors: Ei Khin Htet Htet , Cuthbert Joe J. , Koratala Abhilash , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Gargani Luna , Stoumpos Sokratis , Cleland John G. F. , Pellicori Pierpaolo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Both cardiac and renal dysfunction can lead to water overload - commonly referred to as “congestion”. Identification of congestion is difficult, especially when clinical signs are subtle.

Recent Findings
As an extension of an echocardiographic examination, ultrasound can be used to identify intravascular (inferior vena cava diameter dilation, internal jugular vein distension or discontinuous venous renal flow) and tissue congestion (pulmonary B-lines). Combining assessment of cardiac structure, cardiac and renal function and measures of congestion informs the management of heart and kidney disease, which should improve patient outcomes.

Summary
In this manuscript, we describe imaging techniques to identify and quantify congestion, clarify its origin, and potentially guide the management of patients with cardio-renal syndrome.
Exercise at the Extremes: Toward an Understanding of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in the Tactical Athlete
Authors: Murphy Caroline E. , Dean John-Henry L. , Dineen Elizabeth H. , Haigney Mark C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Tactical athletes (TAs) comprise the military, fire, law enforcement, and related occupations for whom the performance of intense exertion in life-threatening conditions, and with minimal warning, is a sworn duty. Given the extreme environmental and exercise exposures intrinsic to their occupation, it is not surprising that TAs may be at an increased risk of near- and long-term cardiovascular events. Because society depends on TAs, understanding the impact of these extraordinary occupational exposures on cardiac health is paramount. In this review, we (1) characterize the tactical athlete, (2) define extreme environments and extreme exercise, and (3) discuss the impact of these extraordinary exposures on the health of tactical athletes. In doing so, we discuss mechanisms by which higher levels of cardiovascular disease may be observed in this population and highlight areas in need of further study.

Recent Findings
Compared to competitive athletes, there has been limited research on the TA community. Recently, Petek et al. identified significant knowledge gaps that merit urgent attention. Importantly, the need to investigate possible cardiotoxic risks of nontraditional risk factors (i.e., unique environmental exposures) is emphasized.

Summary
While highly variable both across and within disciplines, TAs are often subject to increased environmental exposures to meet the demands of their occupation. Additional research is needed to understand the cardiovascular impact of hazardous environmental exposures, exercise dose, and attendant psychological and physical stressors; ultimately these efforts will provide a benefit not only to TAs, but also to the society they serve.