bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation using color Doppler ultrasonography: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sepulveda W. , Platt C. C. , Fisk N. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAneurysms of the vein of Galen are rare, representing less than 1% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. In the fetus, however, almost all cerebral arterial malformations involve the vein of Galen, usually presenting in the neonatal period with severe cardiac failure leading to neonatal death. In this report we present a case of arteriovenous malformation involving the vein of Galen detected prenatally at 3.5 weeks with the use of color Doppler ultrasonogvaphy. The literature is reviewed in an attempt to delineate the vole of prenatal ultrasonography in the diagnosis and its impact on perinatal outcome. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A ‘potentially safer’ route for puncture and injection of cornual ectopic pregnancies
Authors: Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Monteagudo A. , Lerner J. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPuncture and injection (usually by methotrexate) of ectopic pregnancies are relatively new modalities of treatment. Lately, these have been applied to cornual ectopic pregnancies. We describe here a proposed transvaginal ultrasound‐guided puncture route, leading the needle into the cornual ectopic pregnancy, first traversing the myometrium and approaching the gestational sac from the medial aspect. After extracting the needle, there is potentially less chance for rupture and bleeding. In six of the seven injected cornual pregnancies, this technique was used without complication. The only one punctured from the lateral aspect bled and required laparoscopic intervention. This technique may enable the wider use of this treatment modality by lowering the complication rate caused by bleeding at the puncture site. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Autosomal dominant cataracts of the fetus: early detection by transvaginal ultrasound
Authors: Monteagudo A. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , Friedman A. H. , Santos R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCataracts are lens opacities that account for approximately 10% of blindness in children. We report on four consecutive pregnancies in a woman at risk for recurrent autosomal dominant cataracts in which extensive ultrasound studies were helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis. The normal appearance of the fetal lens is that of a ring with a central sonolucency, but in cases of cataracts the lens appears hyperechogenic to various degrees. In the first pregnancy, normal lenses were seen at 15 postmenstrual weeks and, at birth, the baby girl had normal lenses. In the second pregnancy, the male fetus was affected by a left‐sided cataract and a right‐sided anophthalmia which were diagnosed at 16 postmenstrual weeks. The histological examination of the specimen from the aborted fetus correlated with the sonographic diagnosis. The third pregnancy, also a male fetus, had bilateral cataracts suspected at 14 weeks, but the final diagnosis was made at 19 weeks and confirmed at 21 weeks. The couple opted to terminate the pregnancy and the histology confirmed the presence of congenital cataracts. In the fourth pregnancy, we diagnosed asymmetry of the orbital sizes and bilateral cataracts at 15 weeks. In conclusion, the diagnosis of fetal cataract from the second trimester of pregnancy is possible and imaging of the fetal lenses should be part of the routine anatomical survey. Since the exact onset of fetal cataracts is uncertain at present, in cases at risk, serial sonograms may be indicated. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The effect of maternal prostaglandin administration on fetal ductus venosus blood flow velocity
Authors: Degani S. , Lewinsky R. M. , Gonen R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to investigate whether maternal administration of prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2α, is associated with changes in fetal ductus venosus flow velocity waveforms. Second‐trimester termination of pregnancy was induced in 11 women (group A) by intra‐amniotic instillation of 40 mg PGF2α. In group B, 19 patients received 0.5 mg PGE2 intracervically for preinduction cervical ripening. Doppler flow velocity waveforms were recorded from the fetal ductus venosus immediately before and 40–60 min after prostaglandin administration. The paired t‐test was used for statistical analysis of the ductus venosus index (DVI).The mean DVI decreased after PGF2α, administration from 0.62 ± 0.12 to 0.52 ± 0.13 (p < 0.01); and from 0.62 ± 0.10 to 0.58 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05) after PGE2 administration. Atrial peak velocities were significantly increased after the procedures. No significant changes were found for systolic peak velocity values.The data indicate that major changes in ductus venosus hemodynamics are induced by PGF2α and PGE2. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Development of a hypoplastic uterus in a patient with testicular feminization syndrome 21 years after gonadectomy
Authors: Chryssikopoulos A. , Antoniou A. , Loghis C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a case of a hypoplastic uterus, identified by transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, which developed 21 years after gonadectomy for testicular feminization syndrome.Its likely origin was Müllerian‐fusion remnant resulting from a deficiency in functional Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) and/or desensitization of the Müllerian tract to MIS., caused by diethylstilbestrol administration to the patient's mother during the sensitive period of the 6th and 9th gestational weeks of her pregnancy. This Müllerian‐fusion remnant remained latent, due to insufficient estrogen stimulation both endogenously (until gonadectomy)and exogenously during hormone replacement therapy. Initial growth was possibly induced in response to high doses of estrogen that the patient received over the last 3 years for the treatment of osteoporosis. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The use of second‐trimester transvaginal sonography to predict placenta previa
Authors: Lauria M. R. , Smith R. S. , Treadwell M. C. , Comstock C. H. , Kirk J. S. , Lee W. , Bottoms S. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to determine the incidence and rate of persistence of placenta previa diagnosed at 15–20 weeks' gestation by using transvaginal sonography (TVS), and to describe the characteristics of TVS that predict placenta previa at delivery.Patients having placental tissue within 20 mm of the cervical os were prospectively identified by transabdominal ultrasound and underwent TVS. The distance of the placental edge from the cervical os was measured in millimeters. Characteristics of TVS predicting placenta previa at delivery were analyzed by logistic regression.The incidence of placenta previa diagnosed by TVS at 15–20 weeks was 1.1 %; 14% persisted until delivery. Gestational age at the time of TVS and the distance of the placental edge to the cervical os helped predict placenta previa at delivery. Between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation, placenta overlapping the internal os by ≥ 10 mm identified patients at risk of placenta previa at delivery with 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity.The use of TVS in the second trimester to diagnose placenta previa resulted in a lower incidence than was historically reported with the use of transabdominal ultrasound. The distance of the placental edge from the cervical os helps identify patients at risk of previa at delivery. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Indices of differential endometrial : myometrial growth may be used to improve the reliability of detecting endometrial neoplasia in women on tamoxifen
Authors: Pepper J. M. , Oyesanya O. A. , Dewart P. J. , Howell A. , Seif M. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the use of indices of differential endometrial : myometrial growth may be a non‐invasive method of improving the reliability of detecting endometrial neoplasia in women on tamoxifen.Thirty postmenopausal women were involved in this prospective study. Nineteen had been treated with tamoxifen for 2 years or more, and eleven were age‐ and ponderal index‐matched controls who had never been exposed to tamoxifen and who were non‐smokers.Transvaginal ultrasonography and color Doppler imaging were performed, to measure the length, anteroposterior diameter, uterine sagittal area, endometrial thickness and uterine blood flow (using the pulsatility index and the resistance index as measures of uterine blood flow impedance). The anteroposterior diameter : endometrial thickness ratio and product, and the saggital area : endometrial thickness ratio and product were used as indices of differential endometrial : myometrial growth. The predictive values (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of each index were calculated using established criteria. For the purpose of analysis the women were allocated to three groups: controls (group I); women on tamoxifen without endometrial neoplasia (group 2) and women on tamoxifen who developed endometrial neoplasia (group 3). The mean age was similar in the three groups as was the duration of tamoxifen treatment in groups 2 and 3.Analysis of the decision matrix based on increased endometrial thickness (> 5 mm) alone revealed good sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%) but poor specificity (46.l5%) and positive predictive value (26.32%). However, when the indices of differential endometrial : myometrial growth were taken into consideration, the sensitivities and negative predictive values were similar but the specificities and positive predictive values were significantly improved, indicating an improvement in the reliability of predicting the development of endometrial neoplasia. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal liver length in twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Roberts A. B. , Mitchell J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFetal liver length was measured by ultrasound in 14 pregnancies with twin–twin transfusion syndrome. The liver size was increased above normal values in both the donor (small) and recipient (large) twin. The liver length was significantly greater than in a control group of dichorionic twin pregnancies with discordant growth. Measurement of liver length may be useful in diagnosing twin‐twin transfusion syndrome. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Acceptability by patients of transvaginal sonography in the elective assessment of the first‐trimester fetus
Authors: Braithwaite J. M. , Economides D. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe acceptability of transvaginal sonography (TVS) for visualization of first‐trimester fetal anatomy was investigated in 160 women sequentially attending a routine dating scan clinic at 12–13 weeks' gestation. All women under went transabdominal sonography (TAS) in the first instance to assess gestational age. Of these women, 88.1% agreed to undergo TVS. The main reasons for declining were fear of miscarriage (42.1%) and discomfort (36.8%). With TVS, 51.8% described no discomfort, 47.5% mild and 0.7% marked discomfort. Of the women who under went TVS, 9.5% said that they would have no concerns about a further TVS in another pregnancy. Of those women who had previously had TVS (1l.9%), all agreed to have TVS in this pregnancy and experienced significantly less concern about the procedure than did those who had never had TVS before. TAS was associated with discomfort and inconvenience only if women tried to fill their bladder prior to the scan.In conclusion, TVS is acceptable and well tolerated by an unselected pregnant population. Acceptability rates for TVS should improve as its use becomes more widespread. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler assessment of tracheal and nasal fluid flow during fetal breathing movements: preliminary observations
Authors: Kalache K. D. , Chaoui R. , Bollmann R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur aim was to determine if it was technically possible to assess fetal tracheal fluid flow during fetal breathing movements, and to compare the data obtained with those recorded in the fetal nasopharynx. Tracheal and nasal fluid flow was analyzed in ten uncomplicated pregnancies, the gestational age ranging between 28 and 38 weeks. Color Doppler was used to detect the fluid displacement in the trachea generated by fetal breathing movements. Spectral Doppler was then used to analyze the fluid flow velocity waveforms. During the same breathing episode, nasal fluid flow was assessed by the same technique. The inspiration and expiration times were variable and not statistically comparable for both nasal and tracheal flow. Peak velocities of inspired and expired fluid were higher in the trachea than in the nose (p < 0.05). We found that the peak velocity of tracheal flow waveforms was significantly higher for inspiration than expiration (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the time velocity integral between inspiration and expiration (p = 0.79). The calculated intratracheal flow volume displaced during one breathing cycle increased from 1.3 to 5.0 ml with advancing gestation. Assessment of nasal and tracheal flow, using color and spectral Doppler, is feasible in the human fetus. Intratracheal flow measurements may provide an insight into the effect of fetal breathing movements on lung fluid in the human fetus. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reference resistance indices of the umbilical, fetal middle cerebral and uterine arteries at 24–42 weeks of gestation
Authors: Kurmanavicius J. , Florio I. , Wisser J. , Hebisch G. , Zimmermann R. , Müller R. , Huch R. , Huch A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this cross‐sectional study was to construct new reference ranges for Doppler flow velocity waveform resistance indices for the fetal umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, placental and non‐placental uterine arteries and the placentocerebral ratio in a large and minimally selected population attending a single clinic. Study design and data analysis adhered to a number of stringent and validated methodological recommendations derived both from the recent literature and from a review of earlier publications in this field. The final database comprised initial routine Doppler velocimetry at 24–42 weeks' gestation in 1675 pregnancies. Separate regression models were fitted to estimate the mean and standard deviation at each gestational age for each vessel. New charts, centile tables and regression equations are presented for the resistance indices of the fetal umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, placental and non‐placental uterine arteries and the mean of both uterine arteries and for the placentocerebral ratio. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transient increase in nuchal translucency thickness and reversed end‐diastolic ducks venosus flow in a fetus with trisomy 18
Authors: Huisman T. W. A. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a twin pregnancy discordant for trisomy 18, the affected fetus at 13 weeks' gestation had an increased nuchal translucency thickness and reversed end‐diastolic ductus venosus flow. At 20 weeks' gestation there was no nuchal edema and Doppler study of the central venous vessels demonstrated normal waveforms. The findings support the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms in the development of increased nuchal translucency is temporary cardiac strain. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The value of transvaginal ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix in predicting preterm delivery in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Rizzo G. , Capponi A. , Angelini E. , Vlachopoulou A. , Grassi C. , Romanini C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the value of ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine cervix and amniotic fluid tests in the prediction of the interval from admission to delivery in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes.Ninety‐two patients admitted to the hospital for preterm premature rupture of membranes between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation underwent both transabdominal amniocentesis and transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the uterine cervix. Amniotic fluid analyses included cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, white blood cell count and glucose and interleukin‐6 determinations. The ultrasonographic variables evaluated were cervical length, presence of funneling and cervical index ((funnel length + 1)/cervical length). The outcome measure was the interval from admission to delivery.The median interval from admission to delivery was 4.5 days (range 0–36). An abnormal uterine cervix was associated with a short time interval (cervical length ≤ 20 mm, median 2 days, range 0–14 vs. median 6 days, range 0–36; p ≤ 0.0001; presence of funneling, median 3 days, range 1–31 vs. median 8 days, range 0–36; p ≤ 0.001; cervical index > 0.50, median 2 days, range 0–7 vs. median 8 days, range 1–36; p ≤ 0.0001). However, interleukin‐6 concentration in the amniotic fluid was the best predictor of the interval from admission to delivery when compared to the ultrasonographic indices and to all the amniotic variables considered. Moreover, when a multiple model was applied, the cervical index significantly and independently improved the performance of interleukin‐6 in the prediction of the interval from admission to delivery.These data suggest that the combined use of the amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 assay and the cervical index in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes provides a good prediction of the interval from admission to delivery, thus identifying a subgroup of patients at high risk of imminent delivery. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The impact of fetal, maternal and external factors on prediction of the day of delivery by the use of ultrasound
Authors: Tunón K. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Grøttum P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a non‐selected population comprising 15 241 women, an evaluation was performed of the impact of fetal, maternal and external factors on the ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter (BPD) and the day of delivery. The 7824 women who constituted the study population had singleton pregnancies and reliable menstrual histories, and they delivered spontaneously after 37 weeks. Multiple linear regression analysis was used. There was a difference in the size of the BPD at the ultrasound scan related to the gender, parity, maternal age, gestational age according to the last menstrual period and the experience of the operators. There was a total difference of ± 1 day in the day of delivery as determined by ultrasound and the factors above. The effect on the day of delivery is explained by the differences in the BPD. An effect of gender on gestational length was present as well, which partly compensated for the difference in the BPD. In conclusion the accuracy of prediction of the day of delivery by ultrasound is influenced by the gender, parity, maternal age and the experience of the operator, but these differences are small and of no clinical importance. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
How repeat measurements affect the mean diameter of the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus
Authors: Kiserud T. , Rasmussen S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBlood flow measurement in the fetus is susceptible to substantial error. Increased numbers of measurements can improve the precision. To quantify this, we assessed how the number of ultrasound measurements affected the calculation of individual mean diameters of fetal veins. A study of the umbilical vein (UV) and ductus venosus (DV) was carried out in 167 pregnancies in a clinical setting. The UV diameter was measured 2–13 times in 163 participants and the DV for the same number of times in 158. A one‐way analysis of variance gave mean within‐subject SD of 0.23 mm for the UV (diameter 2.0–8.0 mm) and 0.17 mm for the DV (diameter 0.3–2.3 mm). The 95% limit for the within‐subject mean diameter calculated from two, four, six and ten measurements of the UV were 0.31, 0.22, 0.18 and 0.14 mm, respectively. For the DV the corresponding results were 0.23, 0.16, 0.13 and 0.10 mm. The study shows how increasing the number of measurements to calculate a mean diameter substantially improves the precision of vascular cross‐section assessment. The limitation of the method is expressed in the exponential increase in numbers needed to achieve further improvement. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Influence of ethnic origin on nuchal translucency screening for Down's syndrome
Authors: Thilaganathan B. , Khare M. , Williams B. , Wathen N. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of ethnic origin on access to and equity of nuchal translucency screening for Down's syndrome in a multiethnic population.DesignAn observational study in a district general hospital with a large multiethnic population.Subjects1944 women attending at a hospital antenatal clinic.Main outcome measures First‐trimester fetal nuchal translucency measurements at 10–14 weeks in women from different ethnic groups.ResultsThe racial origin of the screened population was not significantly different from that of the population attending for initial antenatal examination. Multiple regression analysis showed a small but significant difference in nuchal translucency measurement between fetuses of different ethnic origin.ConclusionNuchal translucency screening can be effectively and equitably delivered to a multiethnic population. Although there are significant differences in nuchal translucency measurement between ethnic groups, these differences are too small to require correction when nuchal translucency is used to screen for Down's syndrome. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology