bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed surface acoustic waves accelerate wound healing and reveal new parameter limits for cell stimulation in vitro
Authors: Baumgartner Kathrin , Täufer Paul , Lienhart Michelle , Lienhart Rainer , Westerhausen Christoph 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The use of surface acoustic waves (SAW) in cell biology has gained high attention in the past years. Previous works show that SAW treatment of artificial wounds in vitro can accelerate wound healing by up to +135%. However, little is known about the mechanobiology behind these effects, and a stimulation has only been proven for continuous SAW signals so far. We here show that the stimulation efficacy observed in previous studies is preserved for pulsed stimuli applied to Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-II) cells in wound healing assays on SAW chips at a resonance frequency f
SAW = 160 MHz. Moreover, for a reproducible and reliable image analysis, we present the SegFormer-based deep learning algorithm Neural Cell Edge Detector for the cell edge segmentation and image binarization, that allows an automated determination of the stimulation efficacy. With these tools, we explore a wider range of applicable SAW intensities up to P
in = 21 dBm (128 mW) with a maximum stimulation efficacy of E = 201%. We show that the order of magnitude of the stimulation effect is reproducible under the variation of SAW signal characteristics power P
in, duty cycle D and pulse width τ, while the mean energy over time is constant. Below a distinct pulse duration limit τ = 100 ms, no direct stimulation effect was observed. From a mechanobiological point of view, these findings and time scales could narrow down the potentially triggered cellular mechanisms during the stimulation.
Terahertz-frequency oscillator driven by spin–orbit torque in NiF2/Pt bilayers
Authors: Wang Zidong , Xu Hua , Shen Xiangyan , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Exploration and manipulation of terahertz signal generators are crucial steps in the creation of numerous applications. Antiferromagnets can boost output signal frequency to the terahertz range. We propose a nanometer-scale generating device that produces terahertz signals by DC-exciting in a bilayer structure. The structure comprises a heavy metal layer (Pt) and a non-collinear antiferromagnetic layer (NiF2), where the magnetic moments in NiF2 with single-ion anisotropy are excited by the spin current from the Pt layer through spin–orbit torque. The inhomogeneous dynamic behaviors of the magnetic moments of NiF2 are calculated by the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. It is found that terahertz-frequency AC can be reliably output from the bilayer structure, with the frequency that can reach to 1.82 terahertz. The oscillator shows the best performance when the polarized direction of the spin current is along the hard-axis of NiF2. The frequency and the amplitude of the AC can be adjusted by the current density, thickness and damping constant of the NiF2 layer. The threshold currents for exciting and maintaining the stable oscillation increase with the thickness and damping constant of the NiF2.
Intrinsic high frequency permeability of magnetic nanocomposites: uncertainty principle
Authors: Han Mangui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The intrinsic high frequency permeability spectra of ferromagnetic conductive nanocomposites containing different volume fractions of nanoscale iron and cobalt have been simulated. A law is proposed to explain the simulated results by assuming that there are plenty of Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) type natural resonances contributing to the intrinsic permeability spectra. The results clearly show that the spectra strongly depend on the distribution of local effective magnetic field, the interaction between the magnetic particles, the inhomogeneous damping constant of LLG precession, and the initial equilibrium states. Especially, the effect of particles shape distribution in each sampling on the local effective magnetic field. In view of this fact: it is absolutely impossible to have the same effect from these factors when someone prepares several measurement samples, an uncertainty principle is believed to hold for measuring the intrinsic permeability of an electromagnetic (EM) composite. Therefore, this law tells us that it should be cautious when comparing or evaluating the EM properties of composites (for instance, EM wave absorbing composites). Memory effect can be used to restore the intrinsic high frequency permeability for a specific defunct composite sample.
Pseudo-fermion functional renormalization group for spin models
Authors: Müller Tobias , Kiese Dominik , Niggemann Nils , Sbierski Björn , Reuther Johannes , Trebst Simon , Thomale Ronny , Iqbal Yasir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For decades, frustrated quantum magnets have been a seed for scientific progress and innovation in condensed matter. As much as the numerical tools for low-dimensional quantum magnetism have thrived and improved in recent years due to breakthroughs inspired by quantum information and quantum computation, higher-dimensional quantum magnetism can be considered as the final frontier, where strong quantum entanglement, multiple ordering channels, and manifold ways of paramagnetism culminate. At the same time, efforts in crystal synthesis have induced a significant increase in the number of tangible frustrated magnets which are generically three-dimensional in nature, creating an urgent need for quantitative theoretical modeling. We review the pseudo-fermion (PF) and pseudo-Majorana (PM) functional renormalization group (FRG) and their specific ability to address higher-dimensional frustrated quantum magnetism. First developed more than a decade ago, the PFFRG interprets a Heisenberg model Hamiltonian in terms of Abrikosov pseudofermions, which is then treated in a diagrammatic resummation scheme formulated as a renormalization group flow of m-particle pseudofermion vertices. The article reviews the state of the art of PFFRG and PMFRG and discusses their application to exemplary domains of frustrated magnetism, but most importantly, it makes the algorithmic and implementation details of these methods accessible to everyone. By thus lowering the entry barrier to their application, we hope that this review will contribute towards establishing PFFRG and PMFRG as the numerical methods for addressing frustrated quantum magnetism in higher spatial dimensions.
Beyond Kitaev physics in strong spin-orbit coupled magnets
Authors: Rousochatzakis Ioannis , Perkins Natalia B , Luo Qiang , Kee Hae-Young 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We review the recent advances and current challenges in the field of strong spin-orbit coupled Kitaev materials, with a particular emphasis on the physics beyond the exactly-solvable Kitaev spin liquid point. To this end, we present a comprehensive overview of the key exchange interactions in candidate materials with a specific focus on systems featuring effective

J

eff

=
1

/

2

magnetic moments. This includes, but not limited to,

5

d
5

iridates,

4

d
5

ruthenates and

3

d
7

cobaltates. Our exploration covers the microscopic origins of these interactions, along with a systematic attempt to map out the most intriguing correlated regimes of the multi-dimensional parameter space. Our approach is guided by robust symmetry and duality transformations as well as insights from a wide spectrum of analytical and numerical studies. We also survey higher spin Kitaev models and recent exciting results on quasi-one-dimensional models and discuss their relevance to higher-dimensional models. Finally, we highlight some of the key questions in the field as well as future directions.
Design and development of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors using Teledyne e2v process
Authors: Giulio Villani E. , Allport P. , Ball K. , Bell R. , Bortoletto D. , Gazi M. , Gonella L. , Hynds D. , Jordan D. , Kopsalis I. , McMahon S. , Mulvey J. , Plackett R. , Weatherill D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) has become the preferred technological choice for fast track timing detectors in High Energy Physics applications. Additional uses of such sensors are currently being investigated, ranging from Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) to Low Let particle dosimetry in medical and space applications. This paper describes the development and test of LGAD devices, fabricated using a commercial process from Teledyne e2v silicon foundry. Motivation behind the project, and details of the TCAD simulations of the manufacturing process and of the electrical performances of the devices will be provided. Test results on gain and time resolution using laser injection will also be shown.
Optimization study for RF cavity and beam dynamics simulation in the electron linear accelerator using the multi-objective genetic algorithm
Authors: Kim Chanmi , Park Chong Shik , Kim Eun-San , Shin Seung Hwan , Park Seong Hee , Min Chang-Ki , Byeon Woo Jun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This work presents an optimization study on the RF cavity
geometry design and beam dynamics of an electron injector linac for
the Korea Fourth-Generation Storage Ring (Korea-4GSR). It is
challenging to achieve an optimal design for a linac system due to
the nonlinear nature of accelerator system and the associated beam
dynamics with numerous knobs to control. To address this challenge,
we employed the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) for
efficient optimization. Through the utilization of MOGA, we
effectively optimized the electron linac for the Korea-4GSR. The
optimized design yielded a horizontal normalized rms emittance of
approximately 3.79 mm-mrad and an energy spread of about
307.37 keV, which met design requirements of the Korea-4GSR. This
approach facilitated the design of an electron linac tailored for
the Korea-4GSR with enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.
Surface and subsurface damage of fused quartz glass induced by shear-thickening polishing
Authors: Wang Jin-Hu , He Hong-Chen , Liu Meng-Qing , Wang Shu-Qi , Lyu Bing-Hai , Huang Feng-Li , Yuan Ju-Long 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fused quartz glass is widely used in the civil and national defense fields. Shear-thickening polishing (STP) technology is highly efficient for processing quartz glass. However, the surface and subsurface damage (SSD) caused by STP have yet to be studied. In this study, the SSD characteristics of quartz glass after STP were examined using chemical etching and nanoindentation tests. The Sa (average roughness) of the fused quartz glass after 30 min of STP was 1.6 nm and the embedded depth of impurities was approximately 30 nm. The 3D morphology of the Beilby layer was sensitive to the chemical etching time, disappearing when the etching time was 120 s (at which point the Beilby layer with a depth ranging from 97 to 144 nm was completely removed). From various analysis methods, it can be inferred that the SSD depth was between 4.8–6.7 μm. To confirm that the above SSD came from the grinding or STP process, the polished fused silica glass was etched for 150 min to remove the SSD, after which it was polished for 30 min to regain its smooth surface; the workpieces were then etched again and the Sa and 3D morphology were compared with the workpiece which had no damage removal. The results showed that STP did not introduce new SSD and was a near-lossless polishing technique under the conditions used in this study. STP can achieve an extremely low surface roughness, efficiently; however, the depth of material removal is insufficient, and the SSD caused by the grinding process remains.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2V alloy fabricated by laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Wang C , Yi J Z , Yang G , Wang J X , Wu J B , Zhu Z , Wang C X 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of aviation industry, the study of novel titanium (Ti) alloy with superior mechanical properties is of great significance. In this paper, a newly developed Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Cr-2V alloy was fabricated by laser directed energy deposition (L-DED), which exhibits coarse β columnar grains containing the basket-weave structure knitted with α phases and β phases. After solution and aging heat-treatment, the fine secondary α phase precipitates, which leads to the increase in microhardness. The as-deposited sample exhibits the tensile strength of 1025 MPa and the elongation of 6.0%. With solution temperature increasing, the strength increases but the plasticity first increases and then decreases. The fracture mechanism shows a mixed of ductile and brittle fracture. The average impact toughness of as-deposited sample in building direction is 40.9 J cm−2 higher than that (23.4 J cm−2) in direction perpendicular to building direction. After solution and aging heat-treatment, the impact toughness improves significantly.
What Happens When Rural Modernity Ceases to be Modern?
Authors: Anderson Ben , Kelly Matthew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The legitimacy of the infrastructures, buildings and landscapes discussed elsewhere in this volume rested on their claim to modernity. The changes they wrought could only be tolerated or celebrated while they could be tacked onto contemporary imaginations of progress: they were allowed to be new landscapes only while they promised new lives. In this chapter, we investigate what happened when two such sites of modernity ceased to be modern: Chatterley Whitfield Colliery in North Staffordshire, and Fawley Power Station on Southampton Water, overlooking the Solent, both the subjects of the Arts and Humanities Research Council funded project ‘Decommissioning the Twentieth Century’. At Chatterley Whitfield, a long decline and eventual closure precipitated the opening of a museum, and what appeared a bright future in heritage, while at Fawley, the future of the station rapidly came to appear preordained by the circumstances in which it was built in the first place. We argue that despite their differing trajectories, these two case studies exemplify both the continued deep-seated cultural significance of rural modernism, and the vulnerability of such sites to renewed visions of what it might mean to be ‘modern’.
Building Equity in Theoretical Linguistics and the Classroom
Authors: Holliday Nicole , Fisher Sabriya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The contested status of particular languages and linguistic varieties in classrooms across the world is a subject of intense interest on the part of linguists, educators, and members of the public alike. This chapter discusses the way linguistic variation operates and/or breaks down in school settings as well as the wider social consequences of how language is seen in the classroom. The chapter examines the ways in which language practices that do not serve a diverse set of students may be addressed, as well as suggests a number of types of interventions that may begin to improve linguistic equity in school settings. In particular, it focuses on the role of linguistics as an arena for addressing issues of equality, diversity and inclusion in the pre-university classroom.
The Implementation of Linguistics in Norwegian National Curricula
Authors: Eiesland Eli Anne , Fløgstad Guro Nore 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Norway is characterized by its rich linguistic diversity, both in terms of dialect usage and old and new multilingualism. This chapter asks how the linguistic variation present in Norway is reflected in legislation related to education and in national curricula. Several aspects of linguistic variation and tolerance are reflected in legislation, for instance in the explicit rights of pupils and teachers to use their dialect in the classroom, and in the rights of pupils with other first languages than Norwegian to adapted education. While curricula explicitly mention and value linguistic variation, we find that linguistic terminology is mostly used in connection with writing, and valued as a form of metalanguage. The chapter discusses how linguists can work within teacher training programs in order to strengthen the position of linguistics in Norwegian classrooms.
Scientia ex Machina: A Cross-Curricular Classroom Introduction to General Linguistics
Authors: Casadellà Marina , Martín Txuss , Marín Rafael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Education is changing, and experiences of pedagogic innovation are increasingly in demand in the market. At the same time, it is however not always easy to find ways to transfer higher academic knowledge into engaging materials that can be effectively used by the teachers and pupils in primary and secondary education, particularly materials that speak a language familiar to younger pupils. This chapter presents an attempt to fill that gap by means of a collection of comic books in paper and digital formats devoted to scientific topics. The initiative, funded by the Catalan Foundation for Research and Innovation, is in its initial stages, and dedicates its first series to linguistics, particularly to those topics where this field interacts with other sciences. Each comic book presents a concrete topic in the form of a fiction story based on research, combined with documentation content and learning activities to be developed in the classroom. Through those materials, pupils will get to know the state of the art in many of the topics the collection presents, and this will foster vocations and raise general interest for our field.
Truth, Territory, Terror
Authors: Whyte Jeffrey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter details how, upon entry into World War II, the United States developed its own programs to wage psychological war. It shows how American psychological warfare heralded itself as an abstract and idealized ‘strategy of truth’ that could rise above the fray of territorial and geopolitical contests. Contrary to this anti-geopolitical framing, this chapter argues that American psychological warfare was in fact a deeply territorial project to advance Allied fronts, pacify the populations behind them, open new markets for US cultural exports, and establish the network of information outposts that would become the United States Information Agency (USIA). In addition, this chapter explores how American psychological warfare became tied and subordinated to strategies of aerial bombing. While on the American home front the ‘strategy of truth’ claimed to be a humane, social-scientific alternative to the violence of war, in the European and Pacific theatres it increasingly became a punitive strategy that provided both rationales and justifications for the bombing of civilian populations.
The Complex Picture of the Chibanian Hominin Record at the Crossroads of Europe and Asia
Authors: Roksandic Mirjana , Radović Predrag , Lindal Joshua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Chibanian age (formerly the Middle Pleistocene) holds a special place in human evolution as the time which evidenced most of the morphological developments associated with the direct ancestors of modern humans. With the timing of the split between the ancestors of modern humans and Neanderthals being pushed to the Calabrian (Early Pleistocene), and the evidence for an in situ evolution of Neanderthals in Western Europe during the Chibanian, understanding the hominin populations and interactions in the Balkans in this critical period becomes paramount. The Balkan Peninsula occupies an important crossroads between Europe and Western Asia. Because of its geographic position, it holds the key to resolving several major questions about the evolution and migrations of ancient humans. In addition to being a potential route of population movement between the Levant, Anatolia and Western Europe, the Balkans are a hotspot of biodiversity which served as a biotic refugium during cold glacial periods. Throughout the Pleistocene, the Balkans provided ideal conditions for human settlement, at the contact of the Continental and the Mediterranean climate zones. This allowed human groups to establish themselves in the mountainous regions along the corridors, presenting opportunities for interaction with incoming migrating groups. Hominin fossil evidence from the Balkan Peninsula viewed in its regional context is starting to build a complex picture of human evolution in the region, which includes the simultaneous presence, and likely interaction, of multiple hominin groups.
Late Glacial Ceramic Innovation and Symbolism from the Balkans in its Wider Context
Authors: Farbstein Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ceramic technologies are widely associated with Holocene-aged archaeological technocomplexes, and the term ‘ceramic’ is sometimes used interchangeably with ‘pottery’. However, thousands of ceramic artefacts excavated from early Gravettian (‘Pavlovian’) sites in Czech Republic demonstrate that ceramic technologies are more than 30,000 years old. Moreover, these earliest iterations were used to make symbolic material culture, rather than functional pottery. The discovery of a large assemblage of ceramic figurines in late Palaeolithic contexts at Vela Spila, Croatia, along with smaller, isolated ceramic assemblages from Eastern Europe and northern Africa, demonstrates the wide geographic scope of Palaeolithic symbolic ceramics. This chapter compares the ceramic records from Croatia to those found elsewhere in Eurasia, with special focus on the Pavlovian figurines. We consider both the technologies of production and the aesthetics of the ‘finished’ artefacts. Can these two geographically and chronologically disparate iterations be interpreted as the result of cultural continuity? What are the implications of these assemblages for our broader understanding of the scope of Upper Palaeolithic artistic and technological repertoires across Europe?
Refugial Foragers to Invasive Farmers: Socio-environmental Transitions During the Early Holocene in the Balkans
Authors: Linden Marc Vander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The early Holocene in the Balkans is synonymous with extensive transformations of both environments and human societies. The new climatic conditions indeed led to a spatial expansion of thermophilous (warmth-loving) plant and animal species that were previously confined to refugial areas, eventually reshaping the local biomes, while glacial species disappeared from the region. These processes were paralleled by profound transformations in the distribution of the foraging populations, the existing yet sparse documentation suggesting clustering in specific ecological niches (e.g., Iron Gates, shores of the Adriatic coast). It is upon this template that, towards the second half of the 9th millennium calBP, cultigens and animal domesticates appear in the local archaeological record, apparently under the impetus of an incoming population of eventual Near Eastern origins, as suggested by recent ancient DNA (aDNA) research. This contribution will review the available environmental and archaeological evidence for the early Holocene, focusing on the extent to which ecological factors drove variation in human behaviours, especially food acquisition techniques (either foraging or farming). Particular attention will also be devoted to the identification and characterisation of population history as inferred from multiple categories of evidence, such as the 14C record, settlement patterns and aDNA.