bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing subglacial lake activity with an altimetry-based inverse method
Authors: Stubblefield Aaron G. , Meyer Colin R. , Siegfried Matthew R. , Sauthoff Wilson , Spiegelman Marc 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSubglacial lake water-volume changes produce ice-elevation anomalies that provide clues about water flow beneath glaciers and ice sheets. Significant challenges remain in the quantitative interpretation of these elevation-change anomalies because the surface expression of subglacial lake activity depends on basal conditions, rate of water-volume change, and ice rheology. To address these challenges, we introduce an inverse method that reconstructs subglacial lake activity from altimetry data while accounting for the effects of viscous ice flow. We use a linearized approximation of a Stokes ice-flow model under the assumption that subglacial lake activity only induces small perturbations relative to a reference ice-flow state. We validate this assumption by accurately reconstructing lake activity from synthetic data that are produced with a fully nonlinear model. We then apply the method to estimate the water-volume changes of several active subglacial lakes in Antarctica by inverting data from NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) laser altimetry mission. The results show that there can be substantial discrepancies (20% or more) between the inversion and traditional estimation methods due to the effects of viscous ice flow. The inverse method will help refine estimates of subglacial water transport and further constrain the role of subglacial hydrology in ice-sheet evolution.
Witch Hunts? Electoral Cycles and Corruption Lawsuits in Argentina
Authors: Feierherd Germán , Gonzalez-Ocantos Ezequiel , Tuñón Guadalupe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCourts prosecuting corruption serve a critical horizontal accountability function, but they can also play a role in moments of vertical accountability when voters can sanction corrupt candidates. This article documents the strategic use of corruption lawsuits, demonstrating the presence of an electoral cycle in filing new corruption accusations against politicians. Using an original dataset of daily corruption complaints filed in federal courts against members of Argentina's main political coalitions between 2013 and 2021, we document increased corruption accusations against and by politicians in the periods immediately preceding an election. A second dataset of daily media coverage of corruption accusations in two leading newspapers suggests that corruption is more salient before elections, offering politicians a temporal focal point to prepare and launch especially impactful lawsuits. Our findings shed new light on using courts for accountability and debates about the so-called ‘lawfare’ in Latin America.
A natural pseudometric on homotopy groups of metric spaces
Authors: Brazas Jeremy , Fabel Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor a path-connected metric space
$(X,d)$
, the
$n$
-th homotopy group
$\pi _n(X)$
inherits a natural pseudometric from the
$n$
-th iterated loop space with the uniform metric. This pseudometric gives
$\pi _n(X)$
the structure of a topological group, and when
$X$
is compact, the induced pseudometric topology is independent of the metric
$d$
. In this paper, we study the properties of this pseudometric and how it relates to previously studied structures on
$\pi _n(X)$
. Our main result is that the pseudometric topology agrees with the shape topology on
$\pi _n(X)$
if
$X$
is compact and
$LC^{n-1}$
or if
$X$
is an inverse limit of finite polyhedra with retraction bonding maps.
Associative plural marking in English varieties
Authors: Overstreet Maryann , Yule George 
Published: November 2023

We normally think of ‘plural’ in English in terms of reference to more than one, as in the use of the word dogs to refer to more than one dog. This is described as the ‘ordinary’ or ‘additive’ plural, which has referential homogeneity in the sense that every member of the group referenced by dogs is a dog. In contrast, there is another type of plural which is used for human groups and has referential heterogeneity, that is, each member of the referenced group is a separate individual.1 In addition, each of those members is associated in some way, typically as family, friend or habitual companion, with a prominent member of the group, hence the term ‘associative’ plural for the construction. The following description is from Moravcsik (2003).
Associative plurals will be taken to be constructions whose meaning is ‘X and X's associate(s),’ where all members are individuals, X is the focal referent, and the associate(s) form a group centering around X. (pp. 470–471)
How to build a scientific discipline in the nineteenth century: In search of autonomy for zoology at the Lisbon Polytechnic School (1837–1862)
Authors: Gamito-Marques Daniel 
Published: November 2023

ArgumentThis article discusses the conditions that lead to the autonomy of scientific disciplines by analyzing the case of zoology in the nineteenth century. The specialization of knowledge and its institutionalization in higher education in the nineteenth century were important processes for the autonomy of scientific disciplines, such as zoology. The article argues that autonomy only arises after social and political power is mobilized by specific groups to acquire appropriate conceptual, physical, and institutional spaces for a discipline. This is illustrated through the case study of the Lisbon Polytechnic School, a higher education establishment that was created in 1837, in Portugal. The case shows that autonomy in zoology can arise before the consolidation of a community of experts in the discipline, which may have been a common feature of the discipline in other countries.
The Link between Social Research and Social Policy Options: Reverse Retirement as a Case in Point
Authors: McDonald Lynn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSocial gerontologists have observed that economic determinism is problematic to the policy-making process and that there are too few inputs from other sources. The purpose of this research is to illustrate how social research can inform the current pension debate which revolves around the issues of raising the age of retirement, the merits of partial retirement and the adequacy of the new Seniors Benefit. An analysis of data on post-retirement workers is presented using the Survey of Ageing and Independence as an example of how social research can make a difference to choices about public pension policies.
Medication Use in the Seniors Population: Optimization of Physician Prescribing as a Means of Preventing Drug-related Illness
Authors: Tamblyn Robyn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrug-related illness (DRI) is a common problem in the elderly. Misuse of medications and inappropriate prescribing account for over half of all hospital admissions for DRI and both are potentially preventable. Physicians are the gatekeepers to prescription medication access and, in this role, they have the opportunity to prevent exposure to unnecessary and inappropriate medication and influence the use of medications by their elderly patients. Effective interventions to improve physician prescribing have been identified but they are costly to introduce, they require ongoing maintenance to maintain their effectiveness, they do not address the problems created by multiple prescribers or the challenges of keeping up-to-date on the growing number of new drugs that enter the market each year. Computer-based drug information networks and expert decision-making support systems are proposed as one means of providing (1) an accurate record for the prescribing physicians of drugs currently dispensed to their elderly patients, (2) a review of problems in existing and new prescriptions, and (3) an expert resource to select drug treatment. Canada is in an ideal situation to pioneer the development of these systems, but to do so, policies need to be put in place to address three problems. First, there is inadequate information available about the risks and benefits of drugs in the elderly because older sicker adults are often excluded in clinical trials of drug-effectiveness. Requirements for drug approval need to be amended so that sufficient evaluation of the risks and benefits of new drugs are carried out in the elderly. Second, computerization in the health care sector is central to the development of electronic decision-support systems in health care delivery. Future policy needs to be directed to the development of an effective infrastructure to facilitate the transition to an integrated computerized health sector. Third, the ethical and legal issues related to the access of prescription data through electronic networks need to be identified and clear guidelines for use of this new technology need to be developed.
Navigating an emotional journey: A qualitative study of the emotional experiences of family carers currently supporting people living with motor neurone disease
Authors: Trucco Ana Paula , Mioshi Eneida , Kishita Naoko , Barry Caroline , Backhouse Tamara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFamily carers of people living with motor neurone disease (MND) face continuous changes and losses during the progression of the disease, impacting on their emotional wellbeing. Carers’ emotions might affect their engagement in everyday activities and their caring role. However, how carers manage their emotions and which strategies they identify as useful to cope with them while caring is under researched.ObjectiveTo identify the emotional experiences and coping strategies of MND family carers while caring the person living with MND.MethodsWe conducted 14 semi-structured interviews with family carers currently supporting people living with MND living in the UK. Interviews were audio/video recorded and professionally transcribed verbatim. We analyzed data inductively within an interpretive descriptive approach, using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes were generated from the analysis. Destabilization of diagnosis reflected the devastating impact the diagnosis had on carers, characterized by initial overwhelming emotions. Adapting to new circumstances and identifying coping strategies captured how carers experienced everyday changes and losses and how they gradually adjusted to the situation by identifying coping strategies to be able to manage arising emotions. Maintaining emotional coping encompassed how carers used individual strategies they had tried before and had worked for them to cope emotionally with the continuous changes and losses while preserving their emotional wellbeing.Significance of resultsOur findings suggest that carers of people living with MND embark on an emotional journey from the diagnosis of the disease. As the disease progresses, carers adopt coping strategies that best work for them to manage their emotions (e.g., living day by day and seeking support). Understanding the key strategies used to support emotional coping during the caring journey and how carers re-construct their emotional life around MND could help inform future practice and research to better support carers of this population.
Quantifying the Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on the Spatiotemporal Changes of CO2 Concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Wang Yanyu , Huang Cheng , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Wei Chong , An Jingyu , Yan Rusha , Liao Wenling , Tian Junjie , Wang Hongli , Duan Yusen , Liu Qizhen , Wang Wei , Ma Qianli , He Qianshan , Cheng Tiantao , Su Hang , Zhang Renhe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile the reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown in China and its impact on air quality have been reported extensively, its impact on ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is still yet to be assessed. In this study, the impact of emission reductions on spatiotemporal changes of CO2 concentrations during the COVID‐19 pandemic was quantified in the Yangtze River Delta region (YRD), using high‐resolution dynamic emission inventory and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (WRF‐VPRM). The simulated CO2 concentrations from dynamic emission inventory shows a better agreement with surface observations compared with the Open‐source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 and Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research emission, providing confidence in the quantification of CO2 concentrations variations. Our results show that emission reductions during the COVID‐19 pandemic lead to a CO2 decrease by 4.6 ppmv (−1.1%) in Shanghai and 3.1 ppmv (−0.7%) in YRD region. For the column‐averaged CO2 concentrations (denoted as XCO2), it also decreases by 0.20 ppmv (−0.05%) in Shanghai and 0.15 ppmv (−0.04%) in YRD region. Furthermore, emission reductions from transportation and industry are major contributors to the decline in CO2 concentrations at the near surface, accounting for 45.8% (41.1%) and 34.9% (41.0%) in Shanghai (YRD). Our study deepens the understanding of the response of CO2 concentrations to different sectors, which is helpful for emission management and climate adaption policies.
Variations in Summer Surface Air Temperature Over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Connection With Barents‐Kara Spring Sea Ice and Summer Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Deng Zhongren , Zhou Shunwu , Wang Meirong , He Linqiang , Qing Yiyu , Qian Zhitong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractVariations in surface air temperature on the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP‐SAT) during boreal summer, related to Barents‐Kara spring sea ice and summer Arctic Oscillation (AO), are investigated using observations and ERA‐5 reanalysis data during 1979–2018. Results show that the primary mode of summer eastern TP‐SAT (SAT_EOF1) is characterized by the consistent warming pattern with larger values over the northeastern TP, which is linked with the anticyclonic circulation located in the northeastern flank of the TP. This anticyclone enhances westward water vapor transport, warm temperature advection, and causes descending over the eastern TP, Descending further results in deceased middle level cloud cover and increased solar radiation, accordingly, favoring the eastern TP warming. Further statistical analysis reveals a robust connection between Barents‐Kara spring sea ice, summer AO and SAT_EOF1. Moreover, anticyclonic anomaly located in the northeastern region of the TP acts as an important driver of this consistent warming pattern over the eastern TP, which is modulated by two individual Rossby wave trains from the northwestern Russia and northwestern Atlantic. The spring sea ice in Barents‐Kara could cause decreased precipitation and reduced soil moisture in northwestern Russia during following summer, which further induces the Eurasian‐like teleconnection and affects the anticyclonic anomaly situated in the northeastern flank of the TP, thereby favoring eastern TP warming. In addition, from northwestern Atlantic to northeastern region of the TP, the Rossby wave train is mainly affected by summer AO, with positive AO causing anticyclonic anomaly over northeast of the TP, thus contributing to the TP warming.
Mapping Glacier Basal Sliding Applying Machine Learning
Authors: Umlauft Josefine , Johnson Christopher W. , Roux Philippe , Trugman Daniel Taylor , Lecointre Albanne , Walpersdorf Andrea , Nanni Ugo , Gimbert Florent , Rouet‐Leduc Bertrand , Hulbert Claudia , Lüdtke Stefan , Marton Sascha , Johnson Paul A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the RESOLVE project (“High‐resolution imaging in subsurface geophysics: development of a multi‐instrument platform for interdisciplinary research”), continuous surface displacement and seismic array observations were obtained on Glacier d’Argentière in the French Alps for 35 days in May 2018. The data set is used to perform a detailed study of targeted processes within the highly dynamic cryospheric environment. In particular, the physical processes controlling glacial basal motion are poorly understood and remain challenging to observe directly. Especially in the Alpine region for temperate based glaciers where the ice rapidly responds to changing climatic conditions and thus, processes are strongly intermittent in time and heterogeneous in space. Spatially dense seismic and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements are analyzed applying machine learning to gain insight into the processes controlling glacial motions of Glacier d’Argentière. Using multiple bandpass‐filtered copies of the continuous seismic waveforms, we compute energy‐based features, develop a matched field beamforming catalog and include meteorological observations. Features describing the data are analyzed with a gradient boosting decision tree model to directly estimate the GPS displacements from the seismic noise. We posit that features of the seismic noise provide direct access to the dominant parameters that drive displacement on the highly variable and unsteady surface of the glacier. The machine learning model infers daily fluctuations and longer term trends. The results show on‐ice displacement rates are strongly modulated by activity at the base of the glacier. The techniques presented provide a new approach to study glacial basal sliding and discover its full complexity.
Airflow Dynamics and Aeolian Sand Transport Across a Beach‐Climbing Dune‐Clifftop Dune System
Authors: Dłużewski Maciej , Rotnicka Joanna , Hesp Patrick A. , Tomczak Joanna O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of wind flow and sediment transport from the beach up a 50 m high, long (130 m), steep (mean slope 26°) climbing dune and across a 1.5 m high max, 85 m long and 17.5 m wide clifftop dune 30 km south of Dakhla in Morocco, NW Africa, during highly oblique incident wind conditions. Multiple 2D sonic and cup/vane anemometers and sand traps were utilized for measurements. Flow steering was significant on the upper climbing dune. Flow deceleration occurred near the dune toe, and topographic forcing of flow was considerable on the upper slopes of the climbing dune. Near‐surface flow steadiness (CVU1, CVU0.25) on the climbing dune straight slope segment was low and constant. The distance upslope over which the airflow reached a speed comparable to that on the beach increases as the incident wind speed increases. The greatest flow acceleration and speed‐up was observed at the cliff edge reaching 250% at 1 m height and 220% at 0.25 m height for the lowest incident wind speed class (4–5 m/s). The sand transport rate declined from the beach to the climbing dune toe and lower slope, but at the uppermost section of the climbing dune was 4 times higher than in the beach for the 7–8 m/s incident wind speed. Sand in aeolian transport was generally finer than surface sand, with the mean grain size increasing up the slope. A comparison of the sand transport data collected with sand transport models, and the effects of slope on Aeolian transport are also examined.
Weak measurements and quantum-to-classical transitions in free electron–photon interactions
Authors: Pan Yiming , Cohen Eliahu , Karimi Ebrahim , Gover Avraham , Schönenberger Norbert , Chlouba Tomáš , Wang Kangpeng , Nehemia Saar , Hommelhoff Peter , Kaminer Ido , Aharonov Yakir 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHow does the quantum-to-classical transition of measurement occur? This question is vital for both foundations and applications of quantum mechanics. Here, we develop a new measurement-based framework for characterizing the classical and quantum free electron–photon interactions and then experimentally test it. We first analyze the transition from projective to weak measurement in generic light–matter interactions and show that any classical electron-laser-beam interaction can be represented as an outcome of weak measurement. In particular, the appearance of classical point-particle acceleration is an example of an amplified weak value resulting from weak measurement. A universal factor, $$\exp \left(-{\Gamma }^{2}/2\right)$$

exp

−

Γ

2

/
2

, quantifies the measurement regimes and their transition from quantum to classical, where $$\Gamma$$
Γ
corresponds to the ratio between the electron wavepacket size and the optical wavelength. This measurement-based formulation is experimentally verified in both limits of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy and the classical acceleration regime using a DLA. Our results shed new light on the transition from quantum to classical electrodynamics, enabling us to employ the essence of the wave-particle duality of both light and electrons in quantum measurement for exploring and applying many quantum and classical light–matter interactions.
Upfront allogeneic transplantation versus JAK inhibitor therapy for patients with myelofibrosis: a North American collaborative study
Authors: Maze Dawn , Arcasoy Murat O. , Henrie Ryan , Cerquozzi Sonia , Kamble Rammurti , Al-Hadidi Samer , Yacoub Abdulraheem , Singh Anurag K. , Elsawy Mahmoud , Sirhan Shireen , Smith Elliot , Marcoux Curtis , Viswabandya Auro , Daly Andrew , Sibai Hassan , McNamara Caroline , Shi Yuliang , Xu Wei , Lajkosz Katherine , Foltz Lynda , Gupta Vikas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative therapy for myelofibrosis (MF) and is recommended for patients with higher risk disease. However, there is a risk of early mortality, and optimal timing is unknown. JAK inhibitor (JAKi) therapy may offer durable improvement in symptoms, splenomegaly and quality of life. The aim of this multicentre, retrospective observational study was to compare outcomes of patients aged 70 years or below with MF in chronic phase who received upfront JAKi therapy vs. upfront HCT in dynamic international prognostic scoring system (DIPSS)-stratified categories. For the whole study cohort, median overall survival (OS) was longer for patients who received a JAKi vs. upfront HCT, 69 (95% CI 57–89) vs. 42 (95% CI 20–not reached, NR) months, respectively (p = 0.01). In patients with intermediate-2 and high-risk disease, median OS was 55 (95% CI 36–73) months with JAKi vs. 36 (95% CI 20–NR) months for HCT (p = 0.27). An upfront HCT strategy was associated with early mortality and difference in median OS was not observed in any risk group by 5 years of follow-up. Within the limitations of a retrospective observational study, we did not observe any benefit of a universal upfront HCT approach for higher-risk MF.