bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of TEM and SHV genes in Escherichia coli and Klebseilla species isolated from cancer patients in Al-Diwaniya Governorate
Authors: H. Al-Hamadani Adnan , M. Al-Rikabi Adel , F. Al- Fatlawi Atheer 
Published: January 2024

The aim: Detection of some genes that encode to some extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes in E. coli and Klebseilla spp. isolates from colon and bladder cancer patients by using the phenotypic and genotypic method.
Methods: A total of 61 stool and urine samples collected from 61 patients definitely and clinically diagnosed with cancer. All these isolates were identified by conventional methods and confirmed by VITEK-2 system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined using disk diffusion methods. Investigation of production of ESBL was done by DDST methods while screening of Î²-lactamase genes was done by PCR technique.Results: The study revealed that Klebsiella species and E. coli were detected in 17 (73.9 %) from urine samples, and 19 (73 %) from stool samples, the vast majority of isolates were found to be resistant to ÃŸ-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin and amoxicillin) in the primary screening test at percentage 19 (86.4 %) of E. coli isolates and 13 (92.8 %) Klebsiella spp. and all the tested isolates are resistant to a minimum of three classes of antibiotics to which they are tested, hence the isolates are considered to be multidrug resistant. the confirmative detection of ESBL by double disk synergy test showed that out of 32 Î²-lactam resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae examined in this study, ESBLs were detected in 9 (28.1 %) isolates. The results of molecular detection of ESBL genes (blaTEM and blaSHV) by using PCR technique showed that all the tested ESBL producing isolates were carried at least one of the ESBL genes SHV and (66.7 %), TEM (55.6 %).Conclusion: There is a high occurrence of the tow ESBL genes in clinical isolates of colon and bladder cancer patients.
Immunohistochemical study of CD15 expression in CD30+ classical Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Jawad Kadhum Thaeer , Rassul Hussain Aws , Jamal Naser Nawar 
Published: January 2024

defined B-cell neoplasm that includes two distinct types of disease, classical and nodular lymphocyte-predominant. Aim of the study: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CD15 in CD30+ classical Hodgkinâ€™s lymphoma. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included revision of 52 lymph nodes specimens from patients newly diagnosed with HL from January 2005 to September 2010.These samples were collected from Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Medical City and Al-Atheer private laboratory. Only well-preserved samples that stood a retrospective confirmatory morphological revision and revealed IHC CD30 stain {from DAKO} positive reactivity were included in this study. All biopsies were formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded. A 4 micron sections obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and CD15 monoclonal antibody {from DAKO} according to thekit-included instructions.Results: This study revealed that the CD15 positive classical HL are 24 (75%), 10 (100%), 6 (100%) and 0 (0%) for MC, NS, LD and LR respectively.Conclusions: All cases of cHD should undergo immunophenotypic analysis for CD15 in addition to CD30 antigen.
The incidence of some virulence factors among thebacterial isolates from the patients with prostatitis and their relation with antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: A. K. Al-Saadi Mohammed , H. Issa Awatif , A. Atiyah Saad 
Published: January 2024

Background:Inflammation is observed in theprostate tissue from patients with prostatitis and the bacteria may involving due to their ability to produce virulence factors. Recent studies have suggested that the decrease in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli is due to acquisitionof resistance to some antibiotics. This study was performed to investigate three virulence factors includingcytotoxic necrotizing factor-1(cnf-1),uropathogenic specific protein (usp) and group II capsule(kpsMTII) in bacterial isolates from the patients with prostatitis and determine their antibiotics susceptibility patterns
Methods:The drug sensitivity of (11) bacterial isolates including (10)E. coli isolates and (1) Enterobacteraerogenes isolate from patients with prostatitiswere evaluated by using a disc diffusion method. The prevalence ofvirulence genes (cnf-1, uspandkpsMTII ) was determined by PCR.Results:The isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin (81.81%).But the isolates showed a high resistant to other antibiotics , ampicillin (100%), Cotrimoxazole (100%) , Azithromycin (81.81%) , Cefotaxime (81.81%) , Ciprofloxacin (72.72%) and Gentamicin (63.63%) . PCR showed that kpsMTII (72.72%) was more prevalent than usp(18.18%) and the cnf-1 was not detected in all isolates .Conclusion: We propose that the isolates from patients with prostatitis were low virulent in combination with high resistance to many antibiotics.
Pulmonary Function Tests Abnormalities Predictors In Smoker Patients
Authors: A.A. Al-Dhahir Hawa , .S.Baay Ali , H. Abbas Amjed 
Published: January 2024

Background: Smoking remains the most preventable cause of premature death and morbidity in the US and the developed world. Cigarette smoking is the most well known risk factor for accelerating lung function decline in adults. This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary function tests abnormalities predictors in smoker patients Materials and methods: This case-control study was done in Merjan teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq, in the period from December 2010 to March 2012. The study included 182 patients who were divided into 114 patients in obstructive group and 68 patients in restrictive group. Duration and amount of smoking were evaluated by pack years. Spirometry was done for each patient. The effects of smoking were compared between obstructive and restrictive chronic lung diseases.
Results: The ages of patients in both groups ranged from 31-70 years. Most of patients were males (65% in obstructive group while 58% in restrictive group). There was significant correlation between pack years and degree of dyspnea (functional state),in addition there was significant correlation between pack years and severity of obstructive and restrictive diseases.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that effects of smoking were more in obstructive group than restrictive group. It was established that lung function (FEV1,FVC and FEV1%FVC) decreases with increasing number of pack years. Lung function was related inversely to pack years of cigarette use.
The association between acne vulgaris and Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha gene promoter polymorphism at position-308
Authors: Hadi Abttan Al-Hilali Hamadi , Jassam Swadi Al-Obaidy Ethar 
Published: January 2024

Background ;This study was carried out on (100) patients (64 females & 36 males) with different severity of acne vulgaris with an age range(11-40 )year, seen in AL-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital/ Department of Dermatology, from December 2011 to February 2012, another (50) apparently healthy subjects were taken as a control group. Materials; Blood samples were collected from both groups, genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes for further molecular study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique was used .
Results; genotyping of TNF-Î± revealed three genotypes; the wild homozygous GG type, the heterozygous GA & the mutant homozygous AA type, the genotype frequency for these three types in acne patients was (29%, 67% & 4%) respectively, in control group, however, it was (58%, 30% & 12%) respectively. The frequency for GA type was found statistically significantly increased in acne patients compared to the healthy controls (P<0.001), significant association was found between the minor A allele and females patients(40.6%) compared to healthy females(28.8%) ,P value 0.001,also all the female that had severe and very severe acne carry the GA genotype.
Molecular analysis of A2 gene after treated experimental infected ratswith visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Abbas Jassem Ghyda'a , Idan Jarad Noor 
Published: January 2024

The present study has been carried out at College of Veterinary Medicine, Al- Qadisiya University, Iraq for diagnosed the visceral leishmaniasis by qPCRreaction and to investigate the effect of treatment with Pentostam â„¢ (100 mg /ml) on mRNA expression level of A2 gene in bloodand bone marrow samples of female rats using Reverse Transcriptase â€“Polymerase Chain Reaction .Blood samples were collected from children infected by visceral leishmaniasis, then injected in the peritoneal cavity ofFourtyWistarfemale rats (weighted 250 Â± 2 g.) were assigned into two groups; control group(10rats) and treated group (30 rats). After 8-10 days blood samples collected directly from the heart for diagnosis the infection using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction , also collected blood and bone marrow samples from control group to detect A2gene expression byReverse Transcriptase â€“Polymerase Chain Reaction. The second group was treated with pentostam at dose 25 mg / kg for 30 days and divided into four weeks, and in each week collected blood and bone marrow samples to check the effect of treatment on mRNA expression level of A2 gene. In all of the experimental blood samples, all the results were positive when diagnosed byquantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction . Reverse Transcriptase â€“ Polymerase Chain Reaction results which relied on the relative quantification of A2 gene expression normalized by gene expression levels of housekeeping gene (Glyceraldhyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)),The relative quantification results detected the fold changes in A2gene levels of blood and bone marrow samples of rats treated with pentostam. The level of A2gene expression of blood samples was in the first week 0.24 fold, in the second week 0.08 fold , in the third week 0.02 fold and in the fourth week 0.006 fold ,all of that was lower than control sample. Whilein bone marrow samples level of A2gene expression was in the second week 0.09 fold , in the third week 0.04 fold and in fourth week 0.03 fold, all of that lower than control sample. It can be concluded that the pentostam has active effect on virulence factor (A2gene) ,also the parasite remains dormant in bone marrow samples even after treatmentand possiblyreturn to virulencein the case of any immune inhibition .
Efficacy of Laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing of simple renal cyst in comparison with open surgery
Authors: Mahdi Ali Falah 
Published: January 2024

Objective: to evaluate efficacy and safety of laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing in comparison with open deroofed cases. Patients and methods: over period of 3 years , 11 patients with symptomatic simple renal cysts , underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing and another 15 patients with same symptoms, underwent open deroofing.Results: Insignificant difference between both procedures regarding operative time, blood loss, recurrence rate, with better results for laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing regarding hospital staying, convalescence period and wound complication.Conclusion: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal deroofing of simple renal cyst is safe and effective procedure with minimal complication in comparing with open one.
Histopathological changes on Splenomegaly induced in Experimental rats Wistar albino
Authors: K. Al-Malaak Maha 
Published: January 2024

This study was aimed to evaluate histopathological changes in experimental rats with induced splenomegaly and liver fibrosis by administering thioacetamid (TAA). Liver fibrosis was clearly noticed in all experimental rats after intraperitoneally injected with a dose (200mg/kg) body weight for 8 weeks ,while control rats injected with buffered saline.The body , spleen and liver weight were recorded , also ratio of liver and spleen per body weight was estimated.Macroscopical changes including (colour, size, congested, signs of fibrosis, irregularity, nature of surface) regarded to liver and spleen were clarified.
The livers showed coarse granulation surface, fibrous (white) spots, pale color and congested with large size, while spleen appeared enlarged, reddish, with fibrous regions, twister and fragil easy to destruct.Biochemical results revealed to statistical difference (p<0.05) in the rate of albumin and total protein concentration in splenomegaly rats compared to control. Inhibition of both (Gpt and Got) enzymes was estimated in rats with splenomegaly up compared to control rats.There was statistical difference in the mean concentration of total bilirubin in splenomegaly rats in comparison to control rats. The results of microscopic investigation of tissue sections related to rats liver with enlarged spleen showed dilation in portal veins with an increased in (PV) diameter in relation to control rats, also significant increased with splenic lymph nodules diameter in splenomegaly rats compared to control rats.Results on liver sections stained with (PAS) reagent indicated to dense, coarse and red glycogen granules were deposit on hepatocytes also fibrosis, hyperplasia, fibrous septa, large amount of collagen fibers and destruction of normal lobules were observed.The results referred to swollen hepatocytes, pyknotic nuclei, vacuoles with lipid accumulation and moderate steatosis was obvious in all sections of livers with cirrhosis .Hyperplasia, dilated bile ducts and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Spleen sections of splenomegaly rats showed congested red pulp, some lymph nodule s appeared active and more than one aggregated together, thickening in fibrous trabecullae and numerous macrophages with hemosidrin deposite.Hemorrhage with large numbers of erythrocytes and platelets deposit in large blood vessels, thickening in capsule with more fibrous tissue compared with control rats.
Effect of Topically â€“ Applied Carvedilol on Intraocular Pressure in Normal and Ocular Hypertensive Rabbits
Authors: A. Abdul-Hussein Baha'a , A. Alzubaidy Adeeb , M. Abbas Rafid 
Published: January 2024

Background: In glaucoma, as optic neuropathy gradually proceeds unnoticed by the patient, early detection and treatment is of paramount importance in arresting or controlling the progress of damage.Aim of the study: To explore effects of topical carvedilol on intraocular pressure (IOP) in each of normotensive and ocular hypertensive eyes of rabbits, with assessment of drug safety.Material and methods: A group of 54 males rabbits were included in this study. Induction of ocular hypertension was achieved by injection of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose in the anterior chamber of rabbits right eye. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial therapeutic effect (part I) and both prophylactic as well as therapeutic effect (part II). The included rabbits were divided into distilled water group, timolol (0.25% and 0.5%) groups, and carvedilol (0.25% and 0.5%). Each of drug eye drops (including distilled water) were instilled into right eyes 3 times/day for 4 days prophylactically and for 10 days therapeutically. The rabbits had been examined for the IOP, pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex, and conjunctival redness prior to instillation of drugs and along the trial period.Results: Ocular hypotensive effects of carvedilol (0.25%) and (0.5%) eye drops were more efficient than that of distilled water (P<0.01). Furthermore, carvedilol (0.25%) eye drop simulated timolol (0.25%) eye drop (P>0.05) in its ocular hypotensive effect along the trial period .Carvedilol eye drop required 4 days of instillation into normotensive eyes to achieve highly significant (P<0.01) ocular hypotensive effect whereas 10 days were needed to do so in ocular hypertensive eyes; such ocular hypotensive effect was more efficient than that of distilled water, but less efficient than that of timolol eye drop.In both parts of the present study and regarding each of mean pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex and conjunctival redness, carvedilol (0.25% or 0.5%) eye drops had no significant adverse effect (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Carvedilol eye drops instilled 3 times / day had an obvious prophylactic role in normotensive and a beneficial, safe, and tolerable therapeutic ocular hypotensive effects on hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose - induced ocular hypertension in rabbits .
The local Propolis as protective and therapeutic modulator on some biochemical parameters in diabetic nephropathic rats
Authors: K. jabar Nawal , A. Jabir Ferdous 
Published: January 2024

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of daily oral administration of local Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (EPP) on blood glucose, antioxidant defense system and kidney function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats to show the ameliorating and partly curative effects in STZ-induced rats(60mg/kg) intrapretonial (i.p). Seventy five rats (150-160gm) were divided into 5 groups, normal rats, diabetic rats, normal treated with local EEP for 6 weeks, pretreated with local EEP for 3 weeks then induced diabetic in rats for 3 weeks and the last group, after 3 weeks(normal) induced diabetic in rats then post- treated with local EEP for 3 weeks. The dose of EEP 200mg/kg for the last three groups, and groups 2, 4 and 5 were induced diabetes in the same time at the end of the first 3 weeks.After 6 weeks , serum of samples were collected from anesthetic rats to determined the biochemical alterations.Antioxidant status in rats were estimated by determined the Glutathione(GSH) concentration, and Glutathion peroxidase (GPx) activity, and also measured renal function by the tests of Serum Urea and Creatinine concentrations, the result of this research indicated the effect of local EEP as protective or therapeutic in this experiment, the diabetic group showed decreased significantly(p<0.05) in body weight gain, increased(p<0.05) blood glucose, decreased significantly(p<0.05) activity of GPx and GSH concentration and increased significantly(p<0.05) serum Urea and Creatinine concentrations, as well as local EEP was moderated and effected significantly decrease(p<0.05) glucose level, Urea and Creatinine concentrations, increased significantly(p<0.05) activity of GPx and GSH concentration, as a result, it led to protect the kidney from damage by moderated their functions.
Tinnitus in Al-Diwania city
Authors: Rajeh Jaber Mazin 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Tinnitus is a sound perceived for more than five minutes at a time, in the absence of any external acoustical or electrical stimulation of the ear and not occurring immediately after exposure to loud noise. It is either subjective, audible only to the patient, or objective, audible to the examiner as well. It is a complex symptom, as it is usually associated with other neurotological complaints.Aim of study : To evaluate the distribution and the possible causes of tinnitus in Al-Diwania city.Method: This is a randomized analytic descriptive study, consisted of 200 patients. They were 110 males and 90 females . They had been assessed at the otolaryngology department in Al-Diwania teaching hospital, in Al-Diwania city in Iraq, during the period between April 2013 to September 2014, the age ranged from 10-80 years .We asked every patient about any sound in the ear or head lasting 5 minuts or longer, and whether it was unilateral or bilateral, followed by The clinical examination which included neurological, otorhinolaryngological assessment and audiological evaluation. In the patients with suspected neurological problem we did magnetic resonance imaging. For assessment of hearing loss we did pure tone audiometry and tympanometry.Results:most of our the patients ( 86 %) were above 40 years old, the most common causes were otological diseases (98%),while the non otological diseases found in ( 2%) in form of temporo-mandibular joint disorders . The most common otological causes were noise-induced hearing loss (include acoustic trauma) (30%) followed by presbyacusis (21%)and wax impaction (15%). The other otological causes were: otitis media with effusion(13.5%), followed by chronic otitis media(7.5%), sudden hearing loss(5%), acute otitis media (3.5%), meniere's disease (1.5%),and ototoxicity (1%.)Conclusion: The incidence of tinnitus increased with age,and the majority of the patients were above 40 years old. The most common causes were otological diseases. The most common otological causes were noise-induced hearing loss followed by presbyacusis and wax impaction.
The impact of educational level on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices toward breast cancer among women attending primary health center in Kufa city
Authors: Ghazi Hamid Huda 
Published: January 2024

This study is aiming at exploring breast cancer related knowledge, attitude and practices toward breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) and to evaluate the effects of educational level on them. For this a cross sectional study covering 234 women attending Primary Health Care center in Kufa city, Najaf governorate was carried out during the period of 1st of November 2012 to the 1st of February 2013, data collection was done by using questionnaire forms containing demographic and, questions related to the symptoms and signs of breast cancer, questions about the risk factors, questions related to BSE practice. Results showed that 48.7% of the participant had a low level of education,38.8%, 12.4% had moderate and high levels respectively with no significant statistical association (p=0.322). Although 74.4% of the participants had been heard about BSE only 21.8% of them practiced it regularly. The main causes for non-practicing BSE were afraid to find out a lump and lack of information about it. Only 24.4% knew the correct time of BSE for postmenopausal women while 42.3% knew the correct time for premenopausal women. The main source of information was from television. Results also showed that 74.4% of the participants knew that breast cancer can be prevented through early diagnosis by BSE and mammogram. These results indicate that women have poor knowledge of breast cancer and minority practice BSE .although, education must be the major determinant of level of knowledge and health behavior among the community but in this study e was no relation between educational level and the overall knowledge level.
Interleukin-6 Level among Iraqi Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia from Babil Province
Authors: B. Alawadi Najlaa 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. The exact role of IL-6 in CLL is still contraversial and needs alot of research.
Aim of the study: To measure serum level of interleukin-6 among Iraqi patients from Babil province with a newly diagnosed untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia and to assess it's association with the stage of the disease and peripheral blood indices.
Materials and methods: This is a case-control study included 106 Iraqi patients with a newly diagnosed untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). They were from Babil province and attended the hospital during the period from 1st of November 2012 to 30th of October 2015, while the control group included 106 age and sex matched healthy individuals. CBC, blood film and serum IL-6 (Human IL-6 ELISA kit ) were done for both groups, and bone marrow exam was performed for the patients only.
Results: The age of the patients ranged from 44 to 82 years with mean age of 61.8 Â±6.14 years. Male:Female ratio was 1.8:1 and 57.5% of them were asymptomatic. Serum IL-6 was undetected in 39.6% (42/106) of the control cases and in 13.2% (14/106) of the patients; all of them were in CLL stages 0 and 1. Mean serum IL-6 in the patient group was 12.6 Â±5.1 pg/ml, while it was 6.2 Â±2.3 pg/ml in the control group (P-value was 0.001). Higher levels were documented in stages 3 and 4 (P-value 0.0001).
Conclusion and recommendations: Elevated serum IL-6 was found among Iraqi patients with newly diagnosed untreated CLL, and higher levels were documented in advanced stage disease. Further studies are needed to assess exact role of IL-6 in CLL as it may have prognostic and/or therapeutic implications.