bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FANCD2 deficiency sensitizes SHH medulloblastoma to radiotherapy via ferroptosis
Authors: Zhou Hong , Wang Yan‐Xia , Wu Min , Lan Xi , Xiang Dongfang , Cai Ruili , Ma Qinghua , Miao Jingya , Fang Xuanyu , Wang Junjie , Luo Dan , He Zhicheng , Cui Youhong , Liang Ping , Wang Yan , Bian Xiu‐Wu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy is one of the standard therapeutic regimens for medulloblastoma (MB). Tumor cells utilize DNA damage repair (DDR) mechanisms to survive and develop resistance during radiotherapy. It has been found that targeting DDR sensitizes tumor cells to radiotherapy in several types of cancer, but whether and how DDR pathways are involved in the MB radiotherapy response remain to be determined. Single‐cell RNA sequencing was carried out on 38 MB tissues, followed by expression enrichment assays. Fanconi anemia group D2 gene (FANCD2) expression was evaluated in MB samples and public MB databases. The function of FANCD2 in MB cells was examined using cell counting assays (CCK‐8), clone formation, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and in mouse orthotopic models. The FANCD2‐related signaling pathway was investigated using assays of peroxidation, a malondialdehyde assay, a reduced glutathione assay, and using FerroOrange to assess intracellular iron ions (Fe2+). Here, we report that FANCD2 was highly expressed in the malignant sonic hedgehog (SHH) MB subtype (SHH‐MB). FANCD2 played an oncogenic role and predicted worse prognosis in SHH‐MB patients. Moreover, FANCD2 knockdown markedly suppressed viability, mobility, and growth of SHH‐MB cells and sensitized SHH‐MB cells to irradiation. Mechanistically, FANCD2 deficiency led to an accumulation of Fe2+ due to increased divalent metal transporter 1 expression and impaired glutathione peroxidase 4 activity, which further activated ferroptosis and reduced proliferation of SHH‐MB cells. Using an orthotopic mouse model, we observed that radiotherapy combined with silencing FANCD2 significantly inhibited the growth of SHH‐MB cell‐derived tumors in vivo. Our study revealed FANCD2 as a potential therapeutic target in SHH‐MB and silencing FANCD2 could sensitize SHH‐MB cells to radiotherapy via inducing ferroptosis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide molecules coated ammonium polyphosphates for dope spinning of flame‐retardant lyocell fiber
Authors: Bai Shuyu , Peng Junwu , Nie Ling , Liu Xinglin , Liang Yaoting , Zhu Zongmin , Zhu Kunkun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLyocell fiber, hailed as the “verdant filament of the 21st century,” boasts elevated tensile strength, environmentally conscientious production practices, and innate biodegradability. Nonetheless, its intrinsic combustibility constitutes a noteworthy impediment to its pervasive utilization across textile and industrial domains. In a concerted effort to surmount this challenge, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) underwent modification through the infusion of N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO) molecules, amplifying its dispersibility within lyocell solutions. The resultant NMMO‐coated ammonium polyphosphate (NAPP) underwent meticulous characterization of both its structure and properties. Remarkably, lyocell fiber impregnated with 30% NAPP exhibited exemplary flame retardancy, enduring through 30 laundering cycles. Notably, its tensile strength remained notably robust at 139 MPa, demonstrating a mere 6.1% reduction in comparison to its pristine lyocell counterpart. This study delineates a promising trajectory for the fabrication of mechanically resilient lyocell fibers endowed with commendable flame‐retardant attributes.Highlights
The raw material is waste cotton textiles, prepared on a green basis.
The use of ultrasonic mixing and low‐speed stirring defoaming method and the use of room temperature spinning advantage of the production of flame retardant lyocell fiber.
The amount of flame retardant is small, and the mechanical strength is reduced to a lesser extent.
Good flame‐retardant effect and excellent water washing resistance.
Fracture assessment of inclined double keyhole notches in polylactic acid specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling and traditional method
Authors: Fateri Mohammad Taghi , Kordani Naser , Salavati Hadi , Mohammadi Abokheili Rasool 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe fracture behavior of specimens made of polylactic acid and weakened by inclined double keyhole notches is investigated by both experimental and numerical methods. The test specimens are fabricated by two different methods; fused deposition modeling and traditional methods. The mechanical behavior of specimens was investigated under mixed‐mode loading with different notch inclination angles, various notch tip radius, and multiple raster angles. An experimental program was performed, and 72 new experimental data were provided. A fracture criterion based on the strain energy density is used to assess the critical fracture loads of the tested specimens. Good agreement is found between experimental and numerical data. The results showed that increasing the notch inclination angle and notch tip radius led to a decrease in the fracture load of the specimens. Also, fracture loads of the classical specimens are higher than the 3D‐printed specimens. In the 3D‐printed specimens, fracture loads for the samples with raster angles of 0°, 45°, and 90° have the highest value, respectively.Highlights
Fracture assessment of polylactic acid specimens
Specimens were weakened by using an eccentric inclined double keyhole notch
Specimens manufactured by fused deposition modeling and traditional method
Investigation of different notch inclination angles and notch tip radius
Evaluation of specimens using experimental and numerical analysis methods
Synthesis of well‐defined aromatic poly(amide‐ether)s via chain‐growth condensation polymerization
Authors: Dickhudt Rhys J. , Devineni Geetesh , Kostal Jakub , Boyes Stephen G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince their advent over 50 years ago, aromatic polyamides have remained desirable for their thermal stability, mechanical strength, and overall versatility. Chain‐growth condensation (CGC) polymerization has made possible the synthesis of well‐defined polyamides with narrow molecular weight distributions for applications ranging from block copolymers to polymer brushes. However, the solubility of aromatic polyamides has always been a major obstacle to overcome due to aromatic π‐π stacking and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. In this article, we introduce an aryl ether functionality into the polyamide backbone to increase backbone flexibility and overall solubility. Through dropwise addition of the aryl ether functionalized monomer with a lithium disilazide base and a phenyl 4‐(dimethylcarbamoyl)benzoate initiator, we report the synthesis of a series of substituted poly(amide‐ether)s through CGC polymerization with low polydispersities (<1.1) and well‐defined molecular weights. Computational methods revealed that the polymerization mechanism is unlike other similar amino ester monomers bearing naphthalene and biphenyl aromatic units in that monomer self‐deactivation is weakened by the ether linkage. The self‐condensation of the amide‐ether monomer was nevertheless suppressed through reaction optimization, challenging the traditional requirement of monomer self‐deactivation to achieve a well‐defined CGC polymerization. The side‐chain on poly(amide‐ether) backbone was also modified from an octyl group to a 4‐(octyloxy)benzyl protecting group for postpolymerization removal with trifluoroacetic acid to yield the unsubstituted aromatic poly(amide‐ether), which showed a significant improvement in solubility from traditional unsubstituted aromatic polyamides, such as poly(p‐benzamide).
LC/Q‐TOF‐MS‐based structural characterization of enasidenib degradation products and establishment of a stability‐indicating assay method: Insights into chemical stability
Authors: Chakkar Avinash , Chaturvedi Sachin , Rajput Niraj , Sengupta Pinaki , Sharma Nitish 
Published: January 2024

RationaleEnasidenib (EDB) is an orally active selective mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase‐2 enzyme inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat acute myeloid leukemia. It lacks a reported forced degradation study and a stability‐indicating assay method (SIAM). This study addresses this gap by establishing a degradation profile in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation Q1A and Q1B (R2) guidelines and developing a validated SIAM for EDB.MethodsEDB was exposed to forced degradation under various conditions (hydrolytic, photolytic, oxidative, and thermal stress). Degradation samples were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in Milli‐Q water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection at 270 nm. Liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/Q‐TOF HRMS) was used for the identification and characterization of degradation products. Nitrosamine risk assessment was conducted using a modified nitrosation assay procedure (NAP) test due to the presence of a secondary amine group in the drug, which is liable to forming nitrosamine drug substance–related impurities (NDSRI).ResultsThe drug exhibited significant degradation under acidic, basic, photolytic, and oxidative conditions in the solution state. A total of nine degradation products (DP) were formed (DP‐I, DP‐III, and DP‐IV: acidic conditions; DP‐I and DP‐III: basic conditions; DP‐II, DP‐V, DP‐VI, and DP‐VII: oxidative stress; and DP‐VII, DP‐VIII, and DP‐IX: photolytic conditions), which were separated and identified using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and characterized using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The mechanism behind the formation of EDB degradation products has been discussed, and this study was the first to develop a degradation pathway for EDB. In addition, the possibilities of NDSRI formation for EDB were studied using a modified NAP test, which can contribute to the risk assessment of the drug.ConclusionsForced degradation studies were conducted by establishing a SIAM for EDB. All the degradation products were characterized by mass spectral data obtained using LC/Q‐TOF‐HRMS.
Establishment of high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array method for 43 weight loss agents and effect of basic environment on bisacodyl degradation
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Ham Hyeon Joo , Bae Hye‐Min , Han Kyoung‐Moon , Lee Jongkook , Kim Hyung Il 
Published: January 2024

RationaleThe demand for weight loss products is increasing as slimness emerges as the new aesthetic standard and people's desire to achieve it increases. In addition, the distribution and sale of products containing illegal ingredients, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals for which safety is not guaranteed and that cannot be used as foods or dietary supplements are increasing. Thus, the development of an analytical method that could monitor these illegal products is required.MethodsA high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array method capable of rapid and reliable qualitative and quantitative analyses of 43 weight loss agents was established and validated.ResultsThe process involved dividing analytes into three groups for rapid analysis; when bisacodyl was mixed with chlorocyclopentylsibutramine, it decomposed into its metabolites: monoacetyl bisacodyl and bis‐(p‐hydroxypheny)‐pyridyl‐2‐methane. This decomposition was due to NaOH that was used to prepare the chlorocyclopentylsibutramine standard solution. Bisacodyl did not degrade when mixed with neutralized chlorocyclopentylsibutramine, whereas when NaOH was added, it rapidly degraded. We identified the bisacodyl degradation products using liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐Orbitrap/mass spectrometry. MS2 spectra with proposed structures of fragment peaks were also obtained.ConclusionsThe developed method could be used to regulate slimming products that threaten public health, and knowledge of bisacodyl degradation will be used as the basis for developing an analytic method.
Inclusive education, gender inequality and public expenditure in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Mbodji Yérim Codé 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the contemporary literature, several studies have attempted to see the effect of gender inequality and public expenditure on inclusive education. However, few have attempted to determine the gender inequality threshold. In this study, we first examined the threshold of gender inequality which, when exceeded, the effect on inclusive education becomes negative. Second, we examined the effect of public expenditure on inclusive education in 17 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, in the period from 2000 to 2019. The fixed‐effect panel data model was used. The following results have been established: (i) the gender inequality threshold from which the effect of gender inequality becomes negative on the gross enrolment rate is respectively established at 0.38 in primary and 0.37 in secondary. At the higher level, the effect of gender inequality is linear and negative on the gross enrolment rate; (ii) public expenditure on education has a positive and significant effect at the primary and secondary level on inclusive education. However, its effect at the higher level is negative. As implications, the results constitute and intermediate objective for the countries for the sub‐Saharan Africa which failing to achieve gender equality, would benefit from reducing inequality to 0.38 at primary level and 0.37 at secondary level. Secondary, education in order to cancel out the negative effect of gender inequality on gross enrolment rates at the primary and secondary level. Secondly, states must further consider public education expenditure as a relevant instrument for achieving SDG 4.
Controlled descent training
Authors: Andersson Viktor , Varga Balázs , Szolnoky Vincent , Syrén Andreas , Jörnsten Rebecka , Kulcsár Balázs 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIn this work, a novel and model‐based artificial neural network (ANN) training method is developed supported by optimal control theory. The method augments training labels in order to robustly guarantee training loss convergence and improve training convergence rate. Dynamic label augmentation is proposed within the framework of gradient descent training where the convergence of training loss is controlled. First, we capture the training behavior with the help of empirical Neural Tangent Kernels (NTK) and borrow tools from systems and control theory to analyze both the local and global training dynamics (e.g., stability, reachability). Second, we propose to dynamically alter the gradient descent training mechanism via fictitious labels as control inputs and an optimal state feedback policy. In this way, we enforce locally optimal and convergent training behavior. The novel algorithm, Controlled Descent Training (CDT), guarantees local convergence. CDT unleashes new potentials in the analysis, interpretation, and design of ANN architectures. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on standard regression and classification problems.
A Strategy for Enhancing Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Yttrium Iron Garnet Films
Authors: Meng Ying , Chen Peng , He Wenqing , Zhuang Haoyu , Li Jiahui , Dong Jing , Li Xiangfei , Wang Luyao , Guo Qinwen , Yang Junkai , Ji Yu , Shen Xi , Yu Xiaohui , Yu Guoqiang , Li Junjie , Han Xiufeng , Yu Richeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn future information storage and processing, magnonics is one of the most promising candidates to replace traditional microelectronics. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have aroused widespread interest in magnonics. Obtaining strong PMA in a thick YIG film with a small lattice mismatch (η) has been fascinating but challenging. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to reduce the required minimum strain value for producing PMA and increase the maximum thickness for maintaining PMA in YIG films by slight oxygen deficiency. Strong PMA is achieved in the YIG film with an η of only 0.4% and a film thickness up to 60 nm, representing the strongest PMA for such a small η reported so far. Combining transmission electron microscopy analyses, magnetic measurements, and a theoretical model, it is demonstrated that the enhancement of PMA physically originates from the reduction of saturation magnetization and the increase of magnetostriction coefficient induced by oxygen deficiency. The Gilbert damping values of the 60‐nm‐thick YIG films with PMA are on the order of 10−4. This strategy improves the flexibility for the practical applications of YIG‐based magnonic devices and provides promising insights for the theoretical understanding and the experimental enhancement of PMA in garnet films.
Small Warriors of Nature: Novel Red Emissive Chlorophyllin Carbon Dots Harnessing Fenton‐Fueled Ferroptosis for In Vitro and In Vivo Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kirbas Cilingir Emel , Besbinar Omur , Giro Linda , Bartoli Mattia , Hueso Jose L. , Mintz Keenan J. , Aydogan Yagmur , Garber Jordan M. , Turktas Mine , Ekim Okan , Ceylan Ahmet , Unal Mehmet Altay , Ensoy Mine , Arı Fikret , Ozgenç Çinar Ozge , Ozturk Berfin Ilayda , Gokce Cemile , Cansaran‐Duman Demet , Braun Markus , Wachtveitl Josef , Santamaria Jesus , Delogu Lucia Gemma , Tagliaferro Alberto , Yilmazer Açelya , Leblanc Roger M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe appeal of carbon dots (CDs) has grown recently, due to their established biocompatibility, adjustable photoluminescence properties, and excellent water solubility. For the first time in the literature, copper chlorophyllin‐based carbon dots (Chl‐D CDs) are successfully synthesized. Chl‐D CDs exhibit unique spectroscopic traits and are found to induce a Fenton‐like reaction, augmenting photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacies via ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. To bolster the therapeutic impact of Chl‐D CDs, a widely used cancer drug, temozolomide, is linked to their surface, yielding a synergistic effect with PDT and chemotherapy. Chl‐D CDs' biocompatibility in immune cells and in vivo models showed great clinical potential.Proteomic analysis was conducted to understand Chl‐D CDs' underlying cancer treatment mechanism. The study underscores the role of reactive oxygen species formation and pointed toward various oxidative stress modulators like aldolase A (ALDOA), aldolase C (ALDOC), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1), transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), and transketolase (TKT), offering a deeper understanding of the Chl‐D CDs' anticancer activity. Notably, the Chl‐D CDs' capacity to trigger a Fenton‐like reaction leads to enhanced PDT efficiencies through ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. Hence, it is firmly believed that the inherent attributes of Chl‐CDs can lead to a secure and efficient combined cancer therapy.
Protein‐Assisted Large‐Scale Assembly and Differential Patterning of DNA Origami Lattices
Authors: Gavrilović Svetozar , Brüggenthies Gereon Andreas , Weck Johann Moritz , Heuer‐Jungemann Amelie , Schwille Petra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanofabrication has experienced a big boost with the invention of DNA origami, enabling the production and assembly of complex nanoscale structures that may be able to unlock fully new functionalities in biology and beyond. The remarkable precision with which these structures can be designed and produced is, however, not yet matched by their assembly dynamics, which can be extremely slow, particularly when attached to biological templates, such as membranes. Here, the rapid and controlled formation of DNA origami lattices on the scale of hundreds of micrometers in as little as 30 minutes is demonstrated, utilizing active patterning by the E.coli Min protein system, thereby yielding a remarkable improvement over conventional passive diffusion‐based assembly methods. Various patterns, including spots, inverse spots, mazes, and meshes can be produced at different scales, tailored through the shape and density of the assembled structures. The differential positioning accomplished by Min‐induced diffusiophoresis even allows the introduction of “pseudo‐colors”, i.e., complex core–shell patterns, by simultaneously patterning different DNA origami species. Beyond the targeted functionalization of biological surfaces, this approach may also be promising for applications in plasmonics, catalysis, and molecular sensing.
Hydrogen‐Bonded Cocrystals Encapsulating CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals with Enhancement of Charge Transport for Photocatalytic Reduction of Uranium
Authors: Cai Yuan‐Jun , Luo Qiu‐Xia , Jiang Qiao‐Qiao , Liu Xin , Chen Xiao‐Juan , Liu Jin‐Lan , Mao Xiang‐Lan , Qi Jia‐Xin , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAt present, poor stability and carrier transfer efficiency are the main problems that limit the development of perovskite‐based photoelectric technologies. In this work, hydrogen‐bonded cocrystal‐coated perovskite composite (PeNCs@NHS‐M) is easily obtained by inducing rapid crystallization of melamine (M) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) with PeNCs as the nuclei. The outer NHS‐M cocrystal passivates the undercoordinated lead atoms by forming covalent bonds, thereby greatly reducing the trap density while maintaining good structure stability for perovskite nanocrystals. Moreover, benefiting from the interfacial covalent band linkage and long‐range ordered structures of cocrystals, the charge transfer efficiency is effectively enhanced and PeNCs@NHS−M displays superior photoelectric performance. Based on the excellent photoelectric performance and abundant active sites of PeNCs@NHS−M, photocatalytic reduction of uranium is realized. PeNCs@NHS−M exhibits U(VI) reduction removal capability of up to 810.1 mg g−1 in the presence of light. The strategy of cocrystals trapping perovskite nanocrystals provides a simple synthesis method for composites and opens up a new idea for simultaneously improving the stability and photovoltaic performance of perovskite.
Self‐Assembled DNA Nanospheres Driven by Carbon Dots for MicroRNAs Imaging in Tumor via Logic Circuit
Authors: Chen Qiutong , Xia Xinyi , Liang Zhigang , Zuo Tongshan , Xu Guanhong , Wei Fangdi , Yang Jing , Hu Qin , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong , Cen Yao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDNA nanostructures with diverse biological functions have made significant advancements in biomedical applications. However, a universal strategy for the efficient production of DNA nanostructures is still lacking. In this work, a facile and mild method is presented for self‐assembling polyethylenimine‐modified carbon dots (PEI‐CDs) and DNA into nanospheres called CANs at room temperature. This makes CANs universally applicable to multiple biological applications involving various types of DNA. Due to the ultra‐small size and strong cationic charge of PEI‐CDs, CANs exhibit a dense structure with high loading capacity for encapsulated DNA while providing excellent stability by protecting DNA from enzymatic hydrolysis. Additionally, Mg2+ is incorporated into CANs to form Mg@CANs which enriches the performance of CANs and enables subsequent biological imaging applications by providing exogenous Mg2+. Especially, a DNAzyme logic gate system that contains AND and OR Mg@CANs is constructed and successfully delivered to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. They can be specifically activated by endogenic human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and recognize the expression levels of miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐155 at tumor sites by logic biocomputing. A versatile pattern for delivery of diverse DNA and flexible logic circuits for multiple miRNAs imaging are developed.