bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Quantitation of the Effects of Endovascular Therapy for Vasospasm on Cerebral Blood Flow, Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonographic Velocities, and Cerebral Artery Diameters
Authors: Oskouian Rod J. , Martin Neil A. , Lee Jae Hong , Glenn Thomas C. , Guthrie Donald , Gonzalez Nestor R. , Afari Arash , Viñuela Fernando 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of endovascular therapy on vasospastic cerebral vessels.

METHODS
We reviewed the medical records for 387 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms who were treated at a single institution (University of California, Los Angeles) between May 1, 1993, and March 31, 2001. Patients who developed cerebral vasospasm and underwent cerebral arteriographic, transcranial Doppler ultrasonographic, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies before and after endovascular therapy for cerebral arterial spasm (vasospasm) were included in this study.

RESULTS
Forty-five patients fulfilled the aforementioned criteria and were treated with either papaverine infusion, papaverine infusion with angioplasty, or angioplasty alone. After balloon angioplasty (12 patients), CBF increased from 27.8 ± 2.8 ml/100 g/min to 28.4 ± 3.0 ml/100 g/min (P = 0.87); the middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity was 157.6 ± 9.4 cm/s and decreased to 76.3 ± 9.3 cm/s (P &lt; 0.05), with a mean increase in cerebral artery diameters of 24.4%. Papaverine infusion (20 patients) transiently increased the CBF from 27.5 ± 2.1 ml/100 g/min to 38.7 ± 2.8 ml/100 g/min (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased the middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity from 109.9 ± 9.1 cm/s to 82.8 ± 8.6 cm/s (P &lt; 0.05). There was a mean increase in vessel diameters of 30.1% after papaverine infusion. Combined treatment (13 patients) significantly increased the CBF from 33.3 ± 3.2 ml/100 g/min to 41.7 ± 2.8 ml/100 g/min (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased the transcranial Doppler velocities from 148.9 ± 12.7 cm/s to 111.4 ± 10.6 cm/s (P &lt; 0.05), with a mean increase in vessel diameters of 42.2%.

CONCLUSION
Balloon angioplasty increased proximal vessel diameters, whereas papaverine treatment effectively dilated distal cerebral vessels. In our small series, we observed no correlation between early clinical improvement or clinical outcomes and any of our quantitative or physiological data (CBF, transcranial Doppler velocities, or vessel diameters).
Direct Surgery for Posttraumatic Carotid-cavernous Fistula as a Result of an Intradural Pseudoaneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Fu Yoshihiko , Ohata Kenji , Tsuyuguchi Naohiro , Hara Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE
Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is currently treated with interventional neuroradiological embolization procedures. A rare case of posttraumatic CCF that resulted from an intradural pseudoaneurysm is presented. The patient was treated by direct surgery because an embolization procedure was not suitable.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 16-year-old boy developed chemosis in the right eye 17 days after a traffic accident. Angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm that arose from the site of origin of the posterior communicating artery, drained directly into the cavernous sinus, and formed a high-flow CCF.

INTERVENTION
Direct surgery was performed to repair the arterial laceration at the junction of the internal carotid artery and the posterior communicating artery. A clip was applied along the internal carotid artery. The posterior stump of the damaged posterior communicating artery was also included in the clip. Postoperatively, the CCF and pseudoaneurysm were completely obliterated, and the symptoms were cured.

CONCLUSION
Awareness of an unusual intradural origin of a CCF and the possibility of a direct surgical treatment should be kept in mind.
Cumulative Effects of Concussion in High School Athletes
Authors: Collins Michael W. , Lovell Mark R. , Iverson Grant L. , Cantu Robert C. , Maroon Joseph C. , Field Melvin 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
A common assumption in sports medicine is that a history of concussion is predictive of a lower threshold for, as well as a worse outcome after, subsequent concussive injury. The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between concussion history in high school athletes and the on-field presentation of symptoms after subsequent concussion.

METHODS
One hundred seventy-three athletes who experienced sports-related concussion composed the initial study group. Binary groups were subsequently created on the basis of concussion history. Sixty athletes with no concussion history were compared with 28 athletes with a history of three or more concussions. The groups were compared in terms of the on-field presentation of symptoms after an in-study concussion. Dependent variables included the postinjury presence of loss of consciousness, anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, and confusion.

RESULTS
Athletes with three or more prior concussions were more likely to experience on-field positive loss of consciousness (χ2 = 8.0, P = 0.005), anterograde amnesia (χ2 = 5.5, P = 0.019), and confusion (χ2 = 5.1, P = 0.024) after a subsequent cerebral concussion. An odds ratio revealed that athletes with a history of three concussions were 9.3 times more likely than athletes with no history of concussion to demonstrate three to four abnormal on-field markers of concussion severity.

CONCLUSION
This study is the first to suggest a cumulative effect of concussion in high school athletes. A more severe on-field presentation of concussion markers is evidenced in high school athletes with a pronounced history of concussion. This study's findings highlight the need for more long-term outcome studies in high school athletes who sustain sports-related concussions.
Anterior Microforaminotomy for Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy: Part 1—Disc-preserving “Functional Cervical Disc Surgery”
Authors: Jho Hae-Dong , Kim Woo-Kyung , Kim Myung-Hyun 
Published: July 2004

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Anterior cervical microforaminotomy was developed by the senior author (H-DJ) under the concept of “functional spine surgery,” which directly eliminates compressive pathological factors while preserving functional anatomic features. The surgical results are reported.

METHODS
Among approximately 400 patients who underwent anterior cervical microforaminotomy at the University of Pittsburgh between March 1993 and May 1999, 104 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Forty-five patients were men and 59 were women. Patient ages ranged from 26 to 74 years (median, 46 yr). Compressive pathological lesions included spondylotic spurs in 44 cases (42.3%), soft disc herniation in 54 cases (51.9%), and a combination of the two in 6 cases (5.8%).

RESULTS
Eighty-three patients (79.8%) experienced excellent results, 20 patients (19.2%) experienced good results, and 1 patient experienced fair results. No patient demonstrated a poor or unchanged outcome. All patients demonstrated excellent decompression in their postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans, and all patients except one with discitis maintained their motion segments well, as indicated in postoperative dynamic roentgenograms. Two patients developed transient Horner's syndrome, one patient developed transient hemiparesis, and one patient developed discitis, resulting in spontaneous bone fusion.

CONCLUSION
Anterior microforaminotomy provided good or excellent outcomes, with minimal morbidities, for 98% of 104 patients with cervical discogenic radiculopathy. The functional anatomic features were well preserved for 99% of the patients.
Tolerance as a mechanism of resistance to Thrips palmi in common beans
Authors: Frei Andrea , Bueno Juan M. , Diaz‐Montano John , Gu Hainan , Cardona César , Dorn Silvia 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTolerance as a mechanism of resistance to the melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., was evaluated under field and greenhouse conditions. Seven resistant (Brunca, BH‐5, BH‐60, BH‐130, BH‐144, EMP 486, and FEB 115) and five susceptible (PVA 773, EMP 514, BAT 477, APN 18, and RAZ 136) bean genotypes were assessed according to adult and larval populations, visual damage and reproductive adaptation scores, and yield components in field trials. From these genotypes, four resistant (Brunca, BH‐130, EMP 486, and FEB 115) and two susceptible (APN 18 and RAZ 136) genotypes were selected for quantification of proportional plant weight and height increase changes due to thrips infestation in greenhouse tests. Under medium to high thrips infestation in the field, most resistant genotypes tended to have higher reproductive adaptation and lower yield losses, though they did not always suffer less damage, as compared to susceptible genotypes. In the greenhouse, resistant genotypes showed less reduction in plant dry weight and height increase than did some susceptible ones under the same infestation pressure. Results from both field trials and greenhouse tests suggest the possible expression of tolerance as a mechanism of resistance to T. palmi in the resistant genotype EMP 486, and confirm the existence of antixenosis in FEB 115, whereas tolerance might be combined with other resistance mechanisms in Brunca.
Predation capacity of two predatory laelapid mites on soil‐dwelling thrips stages
Authors: Berndt O. , Poehling H.‐M. , Meyhöfer R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe life cycle of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), one of the most important glasshouse pests, includes a soil passage composed of three instars that deserve more attention in terms of biocontrol strategies. It has been repeatedly reported that two polyphagous predatory mites, Stratiolaelaps miles (Berlese) and Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer (Canestrini) (Acari: Laelapidae), also prey on these thrips stages, in addition to several other soil inhabiting prey species. However, the potential thrips consumption rates have never been quantified for these predatory mites. Therefore, an arena experiment was carried out to investigate the potential predation rates of the two mites on second instar larvae, prepupae, and pupae of F. occidentalis. In addition, the fecundity on the thrips diet was assessed and compared to oviposition rate on a nematode prey. All thrips instars were accepted as prey by each mite species. Females of H. aculeifer preyed on 3.5 (± 0.5) thrips instars and laid 2.5 (± 0.87) eggs per day, whereas females of S. miles preyed on 1.64 (± 0.3) thrips and laid 0.8 (± 0.53) eggs. Males of both species killed 0.6 (± 0.3) thrips per day. The fitness of the two predatory mites on F. occidentalis as prey and their suitability as biocontrol agents are elucidated. Reasons for reduced thrips control in the soil environment, in contrast to the results obtained in arena assays are discussed.
The interaction of a Botanophila fly species with an exotic Epichloë fungus in a cultivated grass: fungivore or mutualist?
Authors: Rao Sujaya , Baumann Denise 
Published: July 2004

Abstract Epichloë spp. (Ascomycetes: Clavicipitaceae) are endophytic fungii of Pooid grasses that cause choke disease, the suppression of seed production. They also host Botanophila spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), the larvae of which feed on the fungus. Studies on Epichloë elymi on wild grasses indicate that the flies transfer spermatia between Epichloë mating types, thereby affecting cross‐fertilization, suggesting that the fungus–fly interaction reflects obligatory mutualism. Epichloë typhina, inadvertently introduced into western USA, was first detected in cultivated Dactylis glomerata L. fields in 1996. It spread rapidly, raising concerns about impacts on seed production. The present study was conducted to address questions pertaining to the occurrence and nature of the fungus–fly interaction in the new habitat of E. typhina. The first report of an endemic Botanophila species associated with E. typhina in Oregon is presented here. Surveys of D. glomerata fields indicated no correlation between fly abundance and fungal fertilization. In one field, no fly eggs or larvae were detected, but fertilized stromata were universally present. The fly was established in the remaining 12 fields surveyed, but while the number of stromata with fly larvae ranged from 6 to 98%, stromata development was uniform. Up to 10 larvae were present on a stroma, and these consumed >90% of the perithecia. Comparisons of pupal weights indicated that the fungal resource was not limiting, even at high larval densities. An exclusion study in a D. glomerata field also indicated that E. typhina fertilization occurred without the fly. In Oregon, the fly clearly benefits from the association with the fungus, but there is no evidence of benefit to the fungus. Thus if obligatory mutualism in the fungus–fly relationship described from the midwestern USA is the norm, our studies suggest a shift in the interaction to one of simple foraging on the fungus by fly larvae.
Frequency of Bt resistance genes in Helicoverpa armigera populations from the Yellow River cotton‐farming region of China
Authors: Li Guoping , Wu Kongming , Gould Fred , Feng Hongqiang , He Yunzhuan , Guo Yuyuan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBt cotton has been widely planted in the Yellow River valley of China since 1998. Anci County in Hebei Province and Xiajin County in Shandong Province are two areas where almost 100% of the cotton grown produces Cry1A(c) toxin. These areas were therefore selected for analysis of the frequency of genes coding for resistance to Cry1A(c) in field populations of the bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In 2002, adult females were collected using light traps. Females were caged individually and were allowed to lay eggs. At hatch, 25–35 larvae from each female were screened for growth rate on normal artificial diet, and on diet containing 1.0 µg of Cry1A(c) toxin per ml of diet. This growth rate bioassay was designed to detect non‐recessive resistance genes in heterozygous genotypes and to detect recessive resistance genes only when present in a homozygous resistant genotype. The bioassay detected one resistant individual out of 234 screened in Anci and one resistant individual out of 420 in Xiajin. These results suggest that a conservative estimate of the resistance gene frequency is 0.00107 in the Anci population, and 0.00059 in the Xiajin population. Our results indicate that minor resistance genes or less dominant genes for resistance may occur at higher frequencies, especially in the Xiajin population.
Membrane potential and cation channels in rat juxtaglomerular cells
Authors: Friis U. G. , Jørgensen F. , Andreasen D. , Jensen B. L. , Skøtt O. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe relationship between membrane potential and cation channels in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells is not well understood. Here we review electrophysiological and molecular studies of JG cells demonstrating the presence of large voltage‐sensitive, calcium‐activated potassium channels (BKCa) of the ZERO splice variant, which is also activated by cAMP. These channels explain the hyperpolarization, which has been observed after stimulation of renin release with cAMP. In addition, there is now evidence that JG cells express functional L‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels (Cav 1.2), which in situations with strong depolarization lead to calcium influx and inhibition of renin release. In most in vivo situations the membrane potential is probably protected against depolarization by the BKCa channels.
Systolic pressure and the myogenic response of the renal afferent arteriole
Authors: Loutzenhiser R. , Bidani A. K. , Wang X. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe transmission of elevated blood pressure to the glomerulus and pressure‐induced glomerular injury play central roles in the pathogenesis of kidney disease and its progression to end‐stage renal failure. The renal afferent arteriole sets the pre‐glomerular resistance and pressure‐induced or ‘myogenic’ afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction is a primary mechanism protecting the glomerulus from the damaging effects of hypertension. The systolic pressure, being the highest level of pressure attained and most frequent pressure oscillation impacting on the renal vasculature, potentially represents the most damaging component of the blood pressure. Indeed, recent studies indicate that elevations in systolic blood pressure are more closely linked to kidney disease than are elevations in diastolic pressure. However, the current view, derived from dynamic studies of autoregulation, is that the renal vasculature responds passively to pressure signals presented at rates exceeding the myogenic operating frequency (0.2–0.3 Hz in the rat). Thus existing concepts do not explain the mechanisms that normally protect the kidney from elevations in the systolic pressure which are presented at the heart rate (6 Hz in the rat). A recent study from our laboratory addressed this issue. Using a modelling approach and direct measurements of myogenic responses, we found that the afferent arteriole is able to sense and appropriately adjust tone in response to changes in systolic pressure, presented at the heart rate. Key kinetic attributes allowing this vessel to respond in this manner appear to be a very short delay in activation, an unusually rapid rate of vasoconstriction and a longer delay in vasodilation. The present review summarizes this work and presents recent findings addressing the determinants of the myogenic vasoconstriction in the afferent arteriole.
Insights into angiotensin II receptor function through AT2 receptor knockout mice
Authors: Gross V. , Obst M. , Luft F. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAngiotensin II signals via at least two receptors termed AT1 and AT2. The function of the AT1 receptor is well defined, while that of the AT2 receptor is still shrouded in uncertainty. AT2 gene‐deficient (−/−) mice have been helpful in unravelling the function of the AT2 receptor. We have studied AT2−/− and AT2+/+ mice with classical physiological techniques developed for the rat. We found that although AT2−/− mice have normal glomerular filtration rate, the pressure–natriuresis relationship in these mice, compared with AT2+/+ mice, is shifted rightward. Moreover, medullary blood flow fails to increase with increased perfusion pressure while the AT1 receptor expression in the kidneys is increased. We used telemetry and found that AT2−/− mice have about 10 mmHg higher blood pressures than AT2+/+ mice and that their circadian rhythm is disturbed. Moreover, their baroreflexes, as measured by spectral analyses, differs from AT2+/+ controls. The cardiac function of AT2−/− mice is remarkably preserved and the differences are subtle. However, if the mice are given l‐NAME hypertension, they exhibit an end‐systolic pressure–volume relationship that reveals decreased contractility and probable increased vascular stiffness. Furthermore, the hearts of AT2−/− mice hypertrophy more in response to l‐NAME than those of AT2+/+ mice and perivascular fibrosis is increased. DOCA‐salt treatment also shows a more rightward pressure–natriuresis relationship in AT2−/− compared with AT2+/+ mice. The renal iNOS expression is increased with DOCA‐salt treatment. Our findings support the notion that the AT2 receptor signals antiproliferative and antifibrotic effects and that its presence results in lower blood pressures and lesser responses to secondary forms of hypertension. Technical advances that have allowed us to adapt methods for the rat to the much smaller mouse have facilitated our studies.
Sodium coupled bicarbonate transporters in the kidney, an update
Authors: Aalkjær C. , Frische S. , Leipziger J. , Nielsen S. , Praetorius J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecently five genes have been cloned, which code for sodium dependent bicarbonate transport proteins. These genes belong to the SLC4A gene family. This short review summarizes our knowledge of these gene products with respect to their renal distribution and function. The best characterized members are the SLC4A4 and SLC4A7. SLC4A4 codes for an electrogenic Na+, HCO3−‐cotransporter (NBCe1), which is present in the basolateral membranes of proximal tubules and is responsible for the bicarbonate efflux here, and thus about 80% of the renal bicarbonate reabsorption. SLC4A7 codes for an electroneutral NBC (called NBC3 and NBCn1), which is present basolaterally in the thick ascending limb and the distal part of the collecting ducts and in intercalated cells (either apically or basolaterally) in the connecting and collecting tubules. In the thick ascending limb NBCn1 may be important for NH4+ reabsorption. SLCA5 codes for an electrogenic NBC (called NBC4 and NBCe2), which based on RT‐PCR is located to the kidney but the exact localization awaits a good antibody. This is also the case for the SLC4A8 and SLC4A10 gene products, which are sodium dependent Cl−, HCO3− exchangers. The recent development in this field substantially increases our understanding of the complex renal regulation of acid base status.
Improved haematopoietic recovery following transplantation with ex vivo‐expanded mobilized blood cells*
Authors: Miles Prince H. , Simmons Paul J. , Whitty Genevieve , Wall Dominic P. , Barber Lesley , Toner Guy C. , Seymour John F. , Richardson Gary , Mrongovius Robert , Haylock David N. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryInfusions of ex vivo‐expanded (EXE) mobilized blood cells have been explored to enhance haematopoietic recovery following high dose chemotherapy (HDT). However, prior studies have not consistently demonstrated improvements in trilineage haematopoietic recovery. Three cohorts of three patients with breast cancer received three cycles of repetitive HDT supported by either unmanipulated (UM) and/or EXE cells. Efficacy was assessed by an internal comparison of each patient's consecutive HDT cycles, and to 106 historical UM infusions. Twenty‐one cycles were supported by EXE cells and six by UM cells alone. Infusions of EXE cells resulted in fewer days with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <0·1 × 109/l (median 2 vs. 4 d, P = 0·002) and 3 d faster ANC recovery to >0·1 × 109/l (median 5 vs. 8 d, P = 0·0002). This resulted in a major reduction in the incidence of febrile neutropenia compared with UM cycles (0% vs. 83%; P = 0·008) and in 66% of historical UM cycles (P = 0·01) and a marked reduction in hospital re‐admission. There were also fewer platelet transfusions required (43% vs. 100%; P = 0·009). We conclude that EXE cells enhance both neutrophil and platelet recovery and reduce febrile neutropenia, platelet transfusion and hospital re‐admission.
Identification of low‐molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat associated with bread‐making quality
Authors: Maruyama‐Funatsuki W. , Takata K. , Nishio Z. , Tabiki T. , Yahata E. , Kato A. , Saito K. , Funatsuki H. , Saruyama H. , Yamauchi H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAlthough it is known that the compositions of low‐molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GSs) are important factors for bread‐making quality of wheat, it is still not clear which LMW‐GSs confer improved bread‐making quality and how those LMW‐GSs interact with high‐molecular weight (HMW) GSs. Using a hard red winter wheat line with good bread‐making quality and a Japanese wheat cultivar with poor quality as well as their progeny we identified LMW‐GSs associated with the bread‐making quality. One such LMW‐GS, KS2, which had a molecular weight of 42 kDa and was allelic to HS1, was associated with bread‐making quality. Furthermore, by using four recombinant inbred lines with different HMW‐GS and LMW‐GS combinations, KS2 and HMW‐GS 5+10 showed interaction effects on the bread‐making quality. Two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Page) analysis showed that KS2 consists of two protein components and that HS1 is composed of three components. The N‐terminal amino acid sequences of the five components were identical to the most frequently analysed sequence of LMW glutenin components.