bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of water stress on the accumulation of dehydrins in callus culture cells from Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Korotaeva N. E. , Shmakov V. N. , Moldavskaya S. E. 
Published: December 2023

Intraspecific differences in the level of stress tolerance in woody plants remain understudied, even though this characteristic is important for tree breeding. Dehydrins are intracellular defense proteins that protect other proteins, as well as membranes, from damage caused by intracellular dehydration under water stress. The present paper aims to examine the possibility of detecting dehydrins produced in response to water stress, as well as interindividual differences in dehydrin accumulation in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) under in vitro conditions. In this work, callus culture derived from the branch and bud tissues of two Scots pine trees (T3 and T4) was used; for these trees, quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of dehydrins were found. Interindividual differences in callus cultures were expressed as variations in the frequency of callus formation events and callus culture growth index. With the addition of 5 or 8% polyethylene glycol to the culture medium, the effect of water stress on the callus culture was expressed in a dose-dependent decrease of water content in callus cells, as well as the accumulation of shock protein Hsp70 and dehydrins having masses of 47, 42, and 27 kDa. The composition of dehydrins and the level of their accumulation differed between calluses derived from T3 and T4, suggesting different levels of water stress tolerance in the cells of these callus cultures. The existence of such differences may provide a basis for detecting dehydrins in Scots pine produced in response to water stress.
Retansiyon Psödokistlerinin Dental Patolojiler ile İlişkisinin Radyografi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DUMANLI Didem , ŞEKER Çiğdem , GEDUK Gediz 
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Retansiyon psödokistleri radyografilerde sinüs sınırlarında, etrafında kortikal sınırı bulunmayan, kubbe veya yuvarlak radyoopasitelerdir. Maksiller sinüsler dişlerle yakın komşuluktadır, bundan kaynaklı retansiyon psödokistinin etyolojisine dental patolojilerin etki edebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, panoramik radyografilerde retansiyon psödokistlerinin görülme sıklığının yaşa, cinsiyete ve lokalizasyonuna göre dağılımının ve prevalansının araştırılması; dental patolojilerle ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2021-2022 yıllarında yaşları15-80 aralığında 991’i kadın 1009’u erkek toplam 2000 hastanın panoramik radyografisi kullanıldı. Radyografiler; hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, sağ, sol ve her iki taraftaki maksiller sinüste retansiyon psödokisti bulunması ve retansiyon psödokistlerinin dental patolojilerle ilişkisi yönünden değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: 94 (% 4.7) hastada retansiyon psödokisti tespit edildi. Retansiyon psödokistlerinin 41(%2.05)’i sağ, 42 (% 2.1)’si sol ve 11(%0.55)’i her iki tarafta da gözlemlendi. Apikal lezyon (% 24.5) ve derin dentin çürüğü (% 13.8) bulunan dişlerde tek taraflı retansiyon psödokisti görülme olasılığı anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek bulundu. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalarda yaş ile lezyon varlığı ve lezyon varlığının cinsiyet ile olan ilişkisine bakıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuç bulunmadı. (p > 0.05)
Sonuç: Diş hekimleri retansiyon psödokistlerinin dental patolojilerle özellikle de derin dentin çürüğü ve apikal lezyonu olan dişlerle ilişkili olabileceğiyle ilgili bilgi sahibi olmalıdır.
Extremophilic bacteria as biofertilizer for agricultural wheat
Authors: Faskhutdinova Elizaveta , Fotina Natalya , Neverova Olga , Golubtsova Yulia , Mudgal Gaurav , Asyakina Lyudmila , Aksenova Larisa 
Published: December 2023

Wheat (Triticum L.) is a strategically important agricultural crop because its quality and yield provide food security for the population. Biological fertilizers improve the growth and development of agricultural crops. Unlike chemical ones, they have no toxic effect on people and the environment. This research assessed the positive effect of extremophilic microorganisms isolated from coal dump soils of the Kemerovo Region (Russia) on the growth and development of wheat.
The study featured bacterial isolates of Achromobacter denitrificans, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Rhizobium radiobacter, as well as their consortia in four different ratios: 1:1:1 (Consortium A), 2:1:1 (Consortium B), 1:2:1 (Consortium C), 1:1:2 (Consortium D), respectively. The beneficial effect was assessed by determining such factors as nitrogen fixation, solubilization of phosphates, potassium, and zinc, and production of gibberellic acid, siderophores, and hydrogen cyanide. The wheat samples were checked for germination, root length, and stem length.
R. radiobacter demonstrated the best nitrogen fixation properties. Consortium D, with two shares of R. radiobacter, yielded the best results for zinc solubilization. R. radiobacter proved to be the most efficient potassium solubilizer while the isolate of A. denitrificans was the best phosphate solubilizer. The largest amount of gibberellic acid belonged to K. oxytoca. Consortium C, which included two shares of this isolate, appeared to be the most effective siderophore producer. All samples but A. denitrificans were able to produce hydrogen cyanide. The best seed germination rate (84%) belonged to Consortium C, which contained a double share of K. oxytoca. Consortia C and B (two shares of A. denitrificans) had the greatest positive effect on the root length.
Treatment with Consortium B resulted in the longest average stem length. Extremophilic microorganisms isolated from coal dump soils of the Kemerovo Region (Russia) had a good potential as biofertilizers that could improve wheat quality and local food security.
Teoria política e democracia no Brasil
Authors: Rezende Dannyel Brunno Herculano 
Published: December 2023

O artigo expõe as noções de democracia representativa e esfera pública (habermasiana) a partir da teorização sobre democracia e representação política. Parte da concepção de democracia grega para alcançar o arcabouço institucional da democracia representativa e deliberativa. A teoria política desenvolvida também realça a concepção liberal de democracia brasileira e o espaço vigente da esfera pública. Tais noções desdobram-se até atingir o questionamento da laicidade do Estado, que amplia a problematização da democracia liberal, em face de desafios presentes ao enfrentamento de liberdades religiosas e valores comuns da cidadania. O debate acentua a relevância acerca da reflexão permanente em torno da democracia, do arranjo institucional e suas particularidades, bastante questionadas nos dias atuais. Em sua maior parte, recorre-se aos referenciais bibliográficos já consolidados na área, quais sejam: Miguel (2003; 2014; 2017), Miguel e Biroli (2014), Manin (1995), Dahl (1997), Habermas (2014; 1997), entre outros.
The Problems of Using Artificial Intelligence in Military Management
Authors: Ghazeyan Kh. A. , Harutyunyan G. E. 
Published: December 2023

As a state-of-the-art technology, artificial intelligence (AI) claims a key role in improving the well-being and living conditions of human society, as well as in the sustainable development of the global economy, increasing productivity and effectively solving universal problems. Increasingly, questions are also being discussed about the influence of AI — as a new determinant of the balance of power — on the conditions for achieving and maintaining peace in individual regions and around the world. Therefore, the study of modern trends in the use of AI for military purposes (in particular, in the system of military command), as well as the discussion of issues about the possibilities, features and problems of its prospective use, are of great importance in terms of specifying the main guidelines for the preservation and development of the military potential of the state in modern conditions.The purpose of the article is to discuss the application of AI technologies in military control as in terms of possible advantages, and in the aspect of the significant risks associated with the use of AI in the military sphere, and which are universal existential in nature and can have a direct impact on the long-term future of human society — world war between major powers, the possibility of nuclear conflict, and the likelihood of AI spiralling out of control.The theoretical basis for the study was the scientific works of both Armenian and Russian and Western authors.The main research methods are comparative analysis based on observations of various examples of the use of AI in military control and the method of scientific induction, updated taking into account the pragmatic factor (the method of logical inference confirmed by facts).As the results of the study, the article presents the main risks that are possible when using AI for military purposes. In particular, we are talking about a world war between major powers, the likelihood of a nuclear conflict and the withdrawal of AI from control. All these risks are universal existential in nature and can have a direct impact on the long-term future of human society. Some important circumstances and factors are also presented that force more attention to policies to neutralize the risks of using AI in the field of military administration.The conclusions justify the need to comply with the “safety rule” for the use of AI. The formation of a legal framework and relevant infrastructures for this should take place much earlier than the actual use of AI; otherwise, the consequences can be negative rather than positive.
Mutual Enrichment or Brain Drain? The Analysis of International Student Mobility in the Cases of Russia and Germany
Authors: Savelchev L. A. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The study addresses the phenomenon of brain drain developing via international student mobility.Methods. In order to address the research question “What impact has international student mobility between Russia and Germany had on the formation of the brain drain in Russia?” a qualitative methodology was applied with the comparative historical method (philosophical comparativism) and the case study. In terms of data collection techniques, document and Internet-based research was primary used.Results. First and foremost, the research revealed that international student mobility between Russia and Germany is imbalanced: the number of Russian students studying in Germany from 2013 to 2020 was almost 30 times higher than the number of German students coming to Russia. Furthermore, 47% of the Russian students who were permitted to study in Germany from 2006 to 2011 were still there 10 years later on various reasons, including naturalisation.Conclusions. Firstly, international student mobility between Russia and Germany does not contribute to the mutual enrichment of each other (brain circulation), but it rather plays a significant role in the brain drain formation of the former and the brain gain of the latter. Secondly, the difference in the level of socio-economic development and features of the political systems in Russia and Germany may explain the high demand for German higher education among Russian students and, at the same time, futility and unattractiveness of Russian higher education for German students. As an outcome, the author proposes recommendations for strengthening Russia’s technological sovereignty, multiplying and preserving its intellectual capital.
The Popularity of K-Pop Culture in Russia: Good or Evil? The Case of BTS
Authors: Kashina M. A. 
Published: December 2023

The export and consumption of mass culture products through social networks is practically uncontrollable through globalization. The Republic of Korea, which has made a bet on its creative industries, has achieved noticeable success in this area. The number of fans of the Korean wave (Hallyu) is growing all over the world, in Russia too. K-pop, the musical component of Hallyu, is the most interesting because most of its fans are young people. This actualizes the question about consequences of the k-pop passion on the individual and societal levels. The purpose of the study: to analyze the causes and consequences of Russians’ passion for k-pop, in particular, the BTS creativity. The theoretical basis is the theory of the cultural industry by M. Horkheimer — T. Adorno and the theory of social media by M. McLuhan — G. Jenkins. The online fandom BTS — ARMY is seen as an informal social institution of mass culture. Empirical base. Online survey of Russian BTS fans (N=2483), 13 personal fan essays, 5 focus groups with people of different ages who are not fans but know them well. results. Results. The passion for k-pop, in particular BTS, is a form of response to the challenges of modern society, in particular, the growth of loneliness, competition, the devaluation of moral values and the crisis of family relations. Positive effects are associated with the personal development of fans, broadening their horizons, increasing self-confidence and tolerance, the emergence of new forms of leisure and hobbies. Participation in a fandom creates a sense of group identity and solidarity, and social networks allow the development of a “culture of participation”. Negative effects are manifested in the idealization of South Korea, its people and culture, the desire to remain in the “beautiful fairy tale” created by the South Korean cultural industries. As a result, groups of female fans are self-isolating. Considering an idol, far from Russian realities, as a normative model of a man, leads to difficulties in building partnerships between female fans with the opposite sex. Non-aggressive behavior of ARMY forms a generally tolerant attitude towards them. K-pop fandom is perceived as a childhood disease that will eventually go away without much treatment. According to opinion of focus group participants, it does not pose a threat to national security and the national identity of the inhabitants of Russia. directions for further research are related to a more detailed analysis of the mechanisms of BTS psychological support for their fans, a comparison of the socio-demographic composition and main types of activity of Russian fans of male and female K-pop groups, an assessment of the meaning of the “complicity culture”, which BTS fans create, for their personal development.
Global Economy: Moving from a Standardized to a Non-Standardized Development Model
Authors: Boiko I. V. 
Published: December 2023

The world economy has entered a new phase of its development — the destruction of the technological system created after the WWII. The purpose of the article is to argue that the destruction of the standardized economy is the main cause of the most acute problems of the world economy. The common features of standardized production and economy of scale are investigated. The key role of dual use technologies in the development of a global system of standardized production and a special role of the Chinese economy in the development of the economy of scale, which the country played in the 21th century, are described. The author comes to the conclusion that the cyclical downturn of the world economy is caused mainly by the exposition of the techno-economic model of standardized production, which leads to the aggravation of international economic conflicts and contradictions such as trade wars, global supply chain disruption, disintegration and many others. The destruction of the standardized economy of scale is manifested in the increase in the production and transportation costs, the global inflation growth, the global supply chain disruption. In the study the author applies the methods of empirical research and theoretical cognition. Methodological novelty is presented in the argumentation of the global economic transition from a standardized economy of scale to a non-standardized economy of scope. The business localization, the new trend towards resource saving mode in production, the necessary diversification of industrial production consistent with the specifics of the given locality are just a few among others arguments that testify to this transformation. The article highlights preliminary features of economy of scope, based on the non-standardized technologies, such as heterogeneity, diversification of production, continues technological improvement, compliance with a specific regional comparative advantage in business clustering.
Migration Crisis as a Growing Threat to European Security (2015–2023)
Authors: Shumilov M. M. , Shmidt O. I. 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to reflect the features of the ongoing migration crisis in Europe, its impact on the legal and institutional foundations of the European Union, the relations of the EU countries, the prospects for European unity. It is obvious that the causes of the migration crisis have changed little in recent years. Despite a certain stabilization of the situation in the Middle East, especially, in Syria, many millions of Arabs, Afghans, Africans still intend to move to what they consider to be a prosperous Europe. Millions of Ukrainian citizens have recently been added to them. At the same time, in the context of the ongoing crisis of the neoliberal model of globalization in the context of the rivalry of the great Powers, the migration challenge has acquired unprecedented acuteness and significance of an existential threat to European security. In 2022, European countries and supranational institutions of the EU signed their inability to adequately respond to the new aggravation of the migration crisis, which seems to have acquired a permanent, stable, and extremely destructive character. All attempts to curb illegal migration flows have proved futile and have created new problems, including in the relations of the EU member States. This is especially convincingly evidenced by the experience of Italy, which enjoys increased attention from migrants and refugees. Largely due to the aggravation of the problem under consideration in September 2022, the center-right coalition won the parliamentary elections in this country. The new government headed by Giorgia Meloni, faced with the migration crisis, is in search of optimal mechanisms for its settlement. Relying less and less on supranational institutions, it seeks to pursue a nationally oriented policy, without regard to Brussels. In the humanitarian activities of the institutions of the “global society” in the person of the NGOs, the Italian authorities note exclusively malicious, selfish, even criminal motives and defiantly refuse to cooperate with them. All this confirms the failure of the EU migration policy and testifies to the intensification of the erosion of European solidarity in the sensitive security sphere for the EU. On this basis, there is a clash of many interests, both “European solidarity” and the ability of the EU supranational structures to fend off new challenges to European security without violating the agreements reached on fundamental human rights are being tested.
Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in swine from Iowa
Authors: Zimmerman Jeff J. , Dreesen David W. , Owen William J. , Beran George W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Of swine from 104 herds, 2,616 were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, using an elisa. Data were analyzed according to swine type, herd size, facility type, and season. The true prevalence of toxoplasmosis was estimated as 5.4% among finishing swine and 11.4% among sows and gilts. Herds with <100 breeding swine were significantly (P < 0.05) more likely to be infected than were herds with ≥100 breeding swine. The rate of seropositivity in breeding swine was approximately the same in infected herds, regardless of herd size. Herds with finishing swine maintained in total confinement were as likely to become infected as were herds maintained in other types of facilities, but infected herds with finishing swine maintained in confinement appeared to have a lower in-herd prevalence than did herds maintained in other types of facilities (P = 0.09). Seasonal effects were not observed, and prevalence remained relatively constant throughout the year.
A risk-assessed evaluation of postmortem meat inspection procedures for ovine thysanosomiasis
Authors: Hathaway S. C. , Pullen M. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A risk assessment model was used to evaluate 4 meat inspection procedures for routine detection of Thysanosoma actinioides, a tapeworm that commonly infests the bile duct system of adult sheep in the United States. The overall sensitivities of different procedures ranged from 11.96 to 58.70%, and the nondetection rates per 1,000 viscera sets that passed inspection ranged from 38 to 77.
On the basis of performance attributes for each procedure produced by the risk assessment model, the consumer was exposed to an aesthetic defect that was in 9 to 17 of every 1,000 livers passed for human consumption. The amount of wastage was also identified (3 to 39 livers/1,000 passed). Viewing of the incision site of the common hepatic duct was the most preferable routine inspection procedure, and matched pair analysis revealed that there was no additional benefit in combining this procedure with routine expression of a portion of bile from the gallbladder.
Induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection in beef heifers
Authors: Skirrow Susan Z. , BonDurant Robert H. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Four virgin beef heifers were inoculated intravaginally with 7 × 106 Tritrichomonas foetus organisms. Protozoal colonization of the vagina, cervix, and uterus developed within the first week after inoculation. Protozoa were no longer detected in secretions from these regions at approximately the same time in each heifer. Trichomonads were detected in reproductive tract secretions for 13 to 28 weeks. Eight weeks after clearance of trichomonads from the reproductive tract, a second infection was established in 2 of the 4 heifers by intravaginal inoculation of T foetus. The second infections were maintained for up to 4 weeks.
The diagnostic sensitivity of wet-mount examination of the reproductive tract secretions was 30%, compared with 78% for culture of trichomonads in secretions. Collection and culturing of specimens of cervical and vaginal mucus provided the most reliable method for diagnosis of trichomoniasis during induced infection of heifers.
Bacterial flora of the vagina and uterus of healthy cats
Authors: Clemetson Lisa L. , Ward Alton C. S. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Bacterial culturing was conducted on samples from the reproductive tracts of 53 clinically healthy female cats. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 52 of 53 vaginal swab samples and from 2 of 29 uterine swab samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in 4 of 30 vaginal and 1 of 29 uterine cultures. The aerobic bacteria included species of Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus canis, and E coli were the most common organisms and were isolated from 56%, 52%, and 44% of the vaginal samples, respectively. Anaerobes isolated from vaginal samples included 3 species of Bacteroides and 2 isolates of Peptococcus. The single uterine anaerobe isolate was a Lactobacillus sp.
The number of bacterial species isolated from each vaginal culture ranged from I to 8 (mean, 3). The number of colony forming units tended to vary inversely with the number of bacterial species detected in each sample.