bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor on liver metastasis of colon cancer
Authors: Nagatsuka Isao , Yamada Nobuya , Shimizu Sadatoshi , Ohira Masaichi , Nishino Hiroji , Seki Shuichi , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCOX‐2 overexpression is recognized in various cancers, but the role of COX‐2 in the progression of cancer, including the liver metastasis of colon cancer, is not clearly understood. We examined the role of COX‐2 in the mechanism of liver metastasis of colon cancer, using a highly metastasizable colon carcinoma cell line, LM‐H3. A COX‐2 inhibitor, JTE‐522, inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of LM‐H3 in vitro and clearly reduced the number of metastatic nodules on the surface of nude mouse livers in vivo. We also examined the effects of JTE‐522 on the production of growth factors and MMPs through the use of ELISA and gelatin zymography, respectively. JTE‐522 downregulated PDGF production by LM‐H3 but had no influence on VEGF production. JTE‐522 also inhibited MMP‐2 secretion by LM‐H3. JTE‐522 downregulated PGE2 production, but the associated changes in PGE2 did not affect PDGF and VEGF production by LM‐H3. We conclude that JTE‐522 downregulated the cell proliferation and invasive potential of LM‐H3 by reducing the production of PDGF and MMP‐2 and hypothesize that these inhibitory effects on the production of PDGF and MMP‐2 can lead to inhibition of liver metastasis of colon cancer. These data indicate that the COX‐2 inhibitor JTE‐522 has a high potential for use as a clinical agent for the treatment of liver metastasis of colon cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IFN‐γupregulates apoptosis‐related molecules and enhances Fas‐mediated apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ahn Eun‐Young , Pan George , Vickers Selwyn M. , McDonald Jay M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractHuman cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy with no effective therapy and a poor prognosis. Previously, we demonstrated that cultured human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines heterogeneously express Fas on their surface, resulting in 2 subpopulations, Fas‐high and Fas‐low cells. Fas‐low cells are resistant to apoptosis induced by Fas antibody and the calmodulin antagonists tamoxifen and trifluoperazine and are tumorigenic in nude mice (Pan et al., Am J Pathol 1999;155:193–203). Here, we show that IFN‐γ enhances apoptosis in both Fas‐high and Fas‐low cells. IFN‐γ upregulates many apoptosis‐related molecules, including Fas, caspase‐3, caspase‐4, caspase‐7, caspase‐8 and Bak, in both cell lines. Pretreatment with IFN‐γ facilitated Fas‐mediated caspase cleavage, cytochrome c release and Bax translocation. The ability of IFN‐γ to inhibit tumorigenesis of Fas‐low cells was demonstrated in nude mice. Intratumoral injection of IFN‐γ decreased tumor volumes by 78%. These findings indicate that IFN‐γ modulates the apoptotic pathway by upregulating apoptosis‐related genes. This renders tumorigenic Fas‐low cholangiocarcinoma cells nontumorigenic and sensitive to Fas apoptosis, thus representing a possible therapeutic modality. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA in plasma of colorectal cancer patients and its association with prognosis
Authors: Lecomte Thierry , Berger Anne , Zinzindohoué Franck , Micard Stéphanie , Landi Bruno , Blons Hélène , Beaune Philippe , Cugnenc Paul‐Henri , Laurent‐Puig Pierre 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTumor cells are characterized by specific genetic alterations. When such genetic alterations are identified in body fluid including plasma, regardless of the presence of detectable tumor cells, it shows the existence of free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA. The objective of our study was to assess the prognostic value of free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA in colorectal cancer patients' plasma. The first step of our work was to find common genetic alterations in tumors that would subsequently be used for plasma DNA screening. We focused on KRAS2 mutations in codons 12 and 13 by the mutant allele‐specific amplification (MASA) method and p16 hypermethylation by the methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) method. Patients with a tumor presenting either alteration were selected for plasma screening; 58 tumors were analyzed forKRAS2mutations and tested forp16gene promoter methylation. Survival and recurrence rates were assessed in patients with and without free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA alterations in plasma. Of the 58 tumors analyzed, 39 (67%) demonstrated either one or both of the studied genetic alterations. Twenty‐two (38%) were mutated atKRAS2, and an identical alteration was detected in 10 (45%) of the 22 corresponding plasma samples. Thirty‐one (53%) hadp16gene promoter hypermethylation that could also be detected in the plasma in 21 cases (68%). Among the 39 patients who had one or the other alteration in tumor DNA, 37 had at least one reliable plasma test. In 26 (70%) of the 37 patients, free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA was detected in plasma. The 2‐year overall survival rate was 48% in the group where free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA was detected in plasma and 100% in the one where free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA was not detected in plasma (p< 0.03). Among these 37 patients, 25 patients had a stage I, II or III disease. In this subgroup of patients, the 2‐year recurrence‐free survival rate for the 17 patients with free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA detected in plasma was 66%, compared to 100% for the 8 patients without free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA detected in plasma (p= 0.044). The presence of free‐circulating tumor‐associated DNA in plasma seems to be a relevant prognostic marker for patients with colorectal cancer and may be used to identify patients with a high risk of recurrence. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Professional and managerial migration from core to periphery: the case of English migration to Scottish cities
Authors: Findlay A. M. , Stockdale A. , Stewart E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe population of English‐born persons living in Scotland has risen rapidly since 1971. The dynamics of the group are theorised in this paper relative to the escalator region hypothesis, in terms of the role of professional and managerial staff linking global cities with lower‐order urban centres within their hinterland. A hierarchical log‐linear modelling approach is taken in explaining the highly structured geography of English migration to Scotland's four largest urban centres. Links between place of birth, recent mobility, social class and car ownership are explored. It is argued that service class migration by the English to Scottish cities is representative of a much wider process found in other countries where economic and political integration has stimulated parallel types of skilled migration from core to peripheral urban locations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the opinions of users of water projects
Authors: Abernethy Charles L. , Jinapala K. , Makin I.W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA methodology is described for measuring the opinions of rural people who are affected by water‐related development and conservation projects. The method is illustrated by results from three applications of the methodology at sites in Sri Lanka. Aspects of the technique, the preparation of questionnaires, and the analysis of findings, are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of nitrogen balance of maize field under different drainage strategies using the DRAINMOD‐N model
Authors: El‐Sadek Alaa , Feyen Jan , Ragab Ragab 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDenitrification is the process by which nitrate‐nitrogen is converted to nitrogen gas by soil microorganisms when soil oxygen is low or absent. The process of denitrification is important in preventing high agriculture‐source nitrate loads from entering and polluting rivers. The aim of the research was to examine if the NO3‐N concentration in drain water of agricultural fields can be kept below the EU limit of 11.3 mg l−1 by controlling the denitrification process through management of the water table level. As such the research focused on the determination of the exact denitrification amount to achieve both, limitation of the NO3‐N leaching and optimisation of the nitrogen‐nitrate uptake by the crop. The method used in this study is based on the nitrogen version of DRAINMOD model. This model was used to simulate the performance of the drainage system using two drainage strategies (conventional and controlled) at the Hooibeekhoeve experiment, situated in the sandy region of the Kempen (Belgium), and this for a 14‐year (1985–1998) period. In the analysis a continuous cropping with maize was assumed. Daily NO3‐N losses were predicted for a range of drain spacings. The study illustrated that the denitrification process has a very strong impact on the amount of nitrate that can be leached to ground and surface waters. The results have also shown that if the water table elevation is properly controlled, one should be able to strike the delicate balance between our need for maximum yield production and a minimum hazard to our environment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water and nitrate dynamics under irrigated onion in a semi‐arid area
Authors: Tamini T. , Mermoud A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn experiment is being undertaken on the site of Kamboinsé (Burkina Faso) to study the dynamics of irrigation water and nitrates in and under the root zone of an irrigated onion crop. The goals of the research are to follow nitrate and water transfer, to study the influence of the irrigation amount on the losses of water and nitrates and to evaluate the contribution of simulation models for improving decision support and management of water and nitrogen fertilizers in semi‐arid climatic conditions.The crop under consideration is onion subjected to three different treatments: (i) application of optimal amounts of irrigation and fertilizers, (ii) application of the amounts used traditionally by local farmers and (iii) control treatments so as to evaluate natural nitrate supply and transformations. The final goal is to define appropriate amounts of irrigation and nitrogen supply in order to prevent leaching.The first results show that optimal irrigation and fertilizer supply leads to considerably fewer losses than in the case of traditional supply; nitrate leaching is double and water losses are up to three times higher in the latter case. The amount of nitrogen measured in the soil after harvest is very small. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing against smooth stochastic trends
Authors: Nyblom Jukka , Harvey Andrew 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA trend estimated from an unobserved components model tends to be smoother when it is modelled as an integrated random walk rather than a random walk with drift. This article derives a test of the null hypothesis that the trend is deterministic against the alternative that it is an integrated random walk. It is assumed that the other component in the model is normally distributed white noise. Critical values are tabulated, the asymptotic distribution is derived and the performance of the test is compared with the test against a trend specified as a random walk with drift. The test is extended to allow for serially correlated and evolving seasonal components. When there is a stationary process containing a single autoregressive unit root close to one, a bounds test can be applied. In the case of a first‐order autoregressive disturbance, it is shown that a consistent test can still be obtained by carrying out estimation of the nuisance parameters under the null hypothesis. The overall conclusion is that the most effective test against an integrated random walk is a parametric one based on the random walk plus drift test statistic, constructed from innovations, with the nuisance parameters estimated in the unrestricted model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Output and inflation in the long run
Authors: Ericsson Neil R. , Irons John S. , Tryon Ralph W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCross‐country regressions explaining output growth often obtain a negative effect from inflation. However, that result is not robust, due to the selection of countries in sample, temporal aggregation, and omission of consequential variables in levels. This paper demonstrates some implications of these mis‐specifications, both analytically and empirically. In particular, for most G‐7 countries, annual time series of inflation and the log‐levelof output are cointegrated, thus rejecting the existence of a long‐run relation between outputgrowthand inflation. Typically, output and inflation are positively related in these cointegrating relationships: a price markup model helps to interpret this surprising feature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A segment‐level hazard approach to studying household purchase timing decisions
Authors: Vakratsas Demetrios , Bass Frank M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe increasing availability of customer‐level data and the willingness of marketers to customize the timing of their offers to consumers makes the accurate segment‐level description of household purchase timing decisions a compelling issue. In this paper we employ a finite mixture accelerated failure time model to identify and characterize household segments in terms of their purchasing rates and their propensity to accelerate purchases due to marketing mix activities. Such an approach also promises to alleviate possible aggregation problems arising from the use of a common hazard rate for all households. An application to household panel data suggested that infrequent buyers show higher propensity to accelerate than frequent buyers do, and that positive duration effects are underestimated when not accounting for segment‐specific hazard rates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Labour market institutions and employment in France
Authors: Laroque Guy , Salanié Bernard 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to use individual data to study how the minimum wage and the welfare system combine to affect employment in France. Using the 1997 Labour Force Survey, we decompose non‐employment of married women into three components: voluntary, classical (due to the minimum wage) and ‘other’ (a residual category). We find that the minimum wage explains close to 15% of non‐employment for these women and that the disincentive effects of some welfare policy measures may be large. Our approach also allows us to evaluate various labour and welfare policy experiments in their effects on participation and employment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of three‐dimensional cell/polymer constructs for bone tissue engineering in a spinner flask and a rotating wall vessel bioreactor
Authors: Sikavitsas Vassilios I. , Bancroft Gregory N. , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the cell culture conditions of three‐dimensional polymer scaffolds seeded with rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) cultured in different bioreactors concerning the ability of these cells to proliferate, differentiate towards the osteoblastic lineage, and generate mineralized extracellular matrix. MSCs harvested from male Sprague–Dawley rats were culture expanded, seeded on three‐dimensional porous 75:25 poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) biodegradable scaffolds, and cultured for 21 days under static conditions or in two model bioreactors (a spinner flask and a rotating wall vessel) that enhance mixing of the media and provide better nutrient transport to the seeded cells. The spinner flask culture demonstrated a 60% enhanced proliferation at the end of the first week when compared to static culture. On day 14, all cell/polymer constructs exhibited their maximum alkaline phosphatase activity (AP). Cell/polymer constructs cultured in the spinner flask had 2.4 times higher AP activity than constructs cultured under static conditions on day 14. The total osteocalcin (OC) secretion in the spinner flask culture was 3.5 times higher than the static culture, with a peak OC secretion occurring on day 18. No considerable AP activity and OC secretion were detected in the rotating wall vessel culture throughout the 21‐day culture period. The spinner flask culture had the highest calcium content at day 14. On day 21, the calcium deposition in the spinner flask culture was 6.6 times higher than the static cultured constructs and over 30 times higher than the rotating wall vessel culture. Histological sections showed concentration of cells and mineralization at the exterior of the foams at day 21. This phenomenon may arise from the potential existence of nutrient concentration gradients at the interior of the scaffolds. The better mixing provided in the spinner flask, external to the outer surface of the scaffolds, may explain the accelerated proliferation and differentiation of marrow stromal osteoblasts, and the localization of the enhanced mineralization on the external surface of the scaffolds. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 136–148, 2002
Poly(glutamic acid) poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels prepared by photoinduced polymerization: Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary release studies of protein drugs
Authors: Yang Zhiqiang , Zhang Yuehua , Markland Peter , Yang Victor C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA class of new biodegradable hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate‐graft‐poly(glutamic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate was synthesized by photoinduced polymerization. Because all the polymeric constituents were highly hydrophilic, crosslinking could be performed in aqueous solutions. This type of crosslinked hydrogel was prepared by modifying a select number of acidic side‐groups on poly(glutamic acid) with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate. These modified chains were then crosslinked in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate under a photoinduced polymerization at a wavelength of 365 nm. Swelling experiments were conducted to study the crosslinking density, pH‐responsive behavior, and degradation of the hydrogel. Results showed that the degree of swelling of this type of hydrogels increased as the crosslinker concentration (or density) was reduced. Because of the presence of acidic side chains on poly(glutamic acid), swelling behavior was found to be pH‐responsive, increasing at high pH in response to the increase in the amount of ionized acidic side chains. The degradation rate of these hydrogels also varied with pH. More rapid degradation was observed under stronger alkaline conditions because of the hydrolysis of the ester bonds between the crosslinker and the polymer backbone. Practically useful degradation rates could be achieved for such hydrogels under physiological conditions. Drug release rates from these hydrogels were found to be proportional to the protein molecular weight and the crosslinker density; increasing at lower protein molecular weight or crosslinker density. The preliminary findings presented in this article suggest that this class of biodegradable hydrogels could be an attractive avenue for drug delivery applications. The specific photoinduced crosslinking chemistry used would permit hydrogels to be synthesized in existence of the entrapped macromolecular drugs including peptides, proteins, and cells. In addition, the rapid feature of this polymerization procedure along with the ability to perform hydrogel synthesis and drug loading in an aqueous environment would offer great advantages in retaining drug activity during hydrogel synthesis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 14–21, 2002
Influence of resinous monomers on the differentiation in vitro of human pulp cells into odontoblasts
Authors: About Imad , Camps Jean , Mitsiadis Thimios A. , Bottero Marie‐José , Butler William , Franquin Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOdontoblasts are highly differentiated postmitotic cells, which under pathological conditions such as carious lesions and dental injuries may degenerate and be replaced by other pulp cells. A recent work showed that this physiological event can be reproduced in an in vitro assay system. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of resinous monomers on odontoblast differentiation in vitro. Pulp cores from extracted human third molars were cultured with β‐glycerophosphate (2 mM) and used to evaluate the effects of TEGDMA, HEMA, UDMA, and Bis‐GMA on the differentiation of pulp fibroblasts into odontoblasts. The effect of the monomers was studied by evaluating the expression of several odontoblast specific genes. In the absence of monomers, mineral nodule formation was observed. Pulp cells contributing to the nodule formation synthesized type I collagen, osteonectin, and dentin sialoprotein (DSP). In addition, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy showed that the mineral and organic composition of the nodules were characteristic of dentin. When the monomers were added at nontoxic concentrations, the effects of HEMA and Bis‐GMA were more evident than that of TEGDMA and UDMA on collagen 1, osteonectin, and DSP expression. However, all monomers significantly decreased DSP expression and completely inhibited the mineral nodule formation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 418–423, 2002
Development of a new ultrasonic technique for bone and biomaterials in vitro characterization
Authors: Lefebvre F. , Deblock Y. , Campistron P. , Ahite D. , Fabre J. J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractClassical techniques based on bone imaging allow visual examination or provide quantitative parameters like bone mineral density, which is a mass per unit of surface. Unfortunately, these techniques are generally expensive. A new method of bone characterization that uses ultrasound techniques is presented in this article. This method is able to evaluate mechanical properties like Young's modulus E and cortical bone thickness with low‐frequency transducers and does not require the use of a coupling medium. Some results of Young's modulus measurements are presented and compared to the literature values and the pulse echo method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 441–446, 2002
Bone colonization of β–TCP granules incorporated in brushite cements
Authors: Flautre B. , Maynou C. , Lemaitre J. , Van Landuyt P. , Hardouin P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractInjectable calcium phosphate hydraulic cements are known to have a high clinical potential in bone reconstruction for mini‐invasive orthopaedic surgery, interventional radiology, and rheumatology. Previous in vivo experiments in rabbit have shown that the presence of β–TCP granules in injectable bone cement help maintain the transient biomechanical function of the implanted bone and promote the formation of good‐quality new bone. Histomorphometric analysis of two brushite hydraulic cement (BHC) mixtures selected from previous results (referred to in this work as BHC–A and BHC–B) was performed at three postoperative delays (0, 12, and 24 weeks): histomorphometric analysis of bone colonization within β–TCP shows that, just before implantation, the β–TCP granule area is significantly higher in BHC–B; the residual granule area decreases steadily over time in BHC–A, whereas it goes through a maximum of 30% at 12 weeks in BHC–B; the residual granule porosity increases steadily up to 35% in BHC–A, whereas it goes through a maximum of 35% at 12 weeks and decreases somewhat until 24 weeks in BHC–B. New bone formation within granules appears higher in BHC–A (58% Area) compared to BHC–B (38% area) at 12 weeks. At 24 weeks bone colonization levels off in both cements at about 50% area. Irrespective of the cement matrix composition, β–TCP granules contribute actively to the conduction of new bone formation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 413–417, 2002