bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Foliar Stoichiometry Reduces the Magnitude of the Global Land Carbon Sink
Authors: Hauser Emma , Wieder William R. , Bonan Gordon B. , Cleveland Cory C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncreased plant growth under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) slows the pace of climate warming and underlies projections of terrestrial carbon (C) and climate dynamics. However, this important ecosystem service may be diminished by concurrent changes to vegetation carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C:N) ratios. Despite clear observational evidence of increasing foliar C:N under elevated CO2, our understanding of potential ecological consequences of foliar stoichiometric flexibility is incomplete. Here, we illustrate that when we incorporated CO2‐driven increases in foliar stoichiometry into the Community Land Model the projected land C sink decreased two‐fold by the end of the century compared to simulations with fixed foliar chemistry. Further, CO2‐driven increases in foliar C:N profoundly altered Earth's hydrologic cycle, reducing evapotranspiration and increasing runoff, and reduced belowground N cycling rates. These findings underscore the urgency of further research to examine both the direct and indirect effects of changing foliar stoichiometry on soil N cycling and plant productivity.
Long‐Lived Aftershocks in the New Madrid seismic Zone and the Rest of Stable North America
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Liu Mian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone and the rest of stable North America remains controversial. Some workers view present‐day earthquakes there as long‐lived aftershocks; others view them as background seismicity concentrated in lithospheric weak zones. Separating long‐lived aftershocks from background seismicity, however, is challenging. Here, we used the nearest‐neighbor (NN) method to identify long‐lived aftershocks. The NN method calculates the distances between pairs of earthquakes in a space‐time‐magnitude domain. If the distances are too close to be expected for independent background events that follow the Gutenberg‐Richter law and Poisson distribution, the pairs are taken as clustered events (i.e., the later one in a pair is an aftershock of the earlier one). Our results suggest that, depending on the size and location of the 1811–1812 New Madrid mainshocks, 10.7%–65.0% of the M ≥ 2.5 earthquakes in the New Marid region between 1980 and 2016 may be long‐lived aftershocks. Similarly, considerable present‐day earthquakes in South Carolina are long‐lived aftershocks of the 1886 Charleston earthquake, but the contemporary seismicity in Charlevoix, Québec is predominately background seismicity. These results suggest that present‐day seismicity in stable North America, and perhaps other stable continents, includes both background seismicity and long‐lived aftershocks. Distinguishing aftershocks from background seismicity can be important for hazard assessment.
PDP1 is a key metabolic gatekeeper and modulator of drug resistance in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Alshamleh Islam , Kurrle Nina , Makowka Philipp , Bhayadia Raj , Kumar Rahul , Süsser Sebastian , Seibert Marcel , Ludig Damian , Wolf Sebastian , Koschade Sebastian E. , Stoschek Karoline , Kreitz Johanna , Fuhrmann Dominik C. , Toenges Rosa , Notaro Marco , Comoglio Federico , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Berg Tobias , Brüne Bernhard , Krause Daniela S. , Klusmann Jan-Henning , Oellerich Thomas , Schnütgen Frank , Schwalbe Harald , Serve Hubert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh metabolic flexibility is pivotal for the persistence and therapy resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In 20–30% of AML patients, activating mutations of FLT3, specifically FLT3-ITD, are key therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the influence of FLT3-ITD on AML metabolism. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) profiling showed enhanced reshuffling of pyruvate towards the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, suggesting an increased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Consistently, FLT3-ITD-positive cells expressed high levels of PDP1, an activator of the PDC. Combining endogenous tagging of PDP1 with genome-wide CRISPR screens revealed that FLT3-ITD induces PDP1 expression through the RAS signaling axis. PDP1 knockdown resulted in reduced cellular respiration thereby impairing the proliferation of only FLT3-ITD cells. These cells continued to depend on PDP1, even in hypoxic conditions, and unlike FLT3-ITD-negative cells, they exhibited a rapid, PDP1-dependent revival of their respiratory capacity during reoxygenation. Moreover, we show that PDP1 modifies the response to FLT3 inhibition. Upon incubation with the FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor quizartinib (AC220), PDP1 persisted or was upregulated, resulting in a further shift of glucose/pyruvate metabolism towards the TCA cycle. Overexpression of PDP1 enhanced, while PDP1 depletion diminished AC220 resistance in cell lines and peripheral blasts from an AC220-resistant AML patient in vivo. In conclusion, FLT3-ITD assures the expression of PDP1, a pivotal metabolic regulator that enhances oxidative glucose metabolism and drug resistance. Hence, PDP1 emerges as a potentially targetable vulnerability in the management of AML.
Trans-ancestry epigenome-wide association meta-analysis of DNA methylation with lifetime cannabis use
Authors: Fang Fang , Quach Bryan , Lawrence Kaitlyn G. , van Dongen Jenny , Marks Jesse A. , Lundgren Sara , Lin Mingkuan , Odintsova Veronika V. , Costeira Ricardo , Xu Zongli , Zhou Linran , Mandal Meisha , Xia Yujing , Vink Jacqueline M. , Bierut Laura J. , Ollikainen Miina , Taylor Jack A. , Bell Jordana T. , Kaprio Jaakko , Boomsma Dorret I. , Xu Ke , Sandler Dale P. , Hancock Dana B. , Johnson Eric O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCannabis is widely used worldwide, yet its links to health outcomes are not fully understood. DNA methylation can serve as a mediator to link environmental exposures to health outcomes. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of peripheral blood-based DNA methylation and lifetime cannabis use (ever vs. never) in a meta-analysis including 9436 participants (7795 European and 1641 African ancestry) from seven cohorts. Accounting for effects of cigarette smoking, our trans-ancestry EWAS meta-analysis revealed four CpG sites significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use at a false discovery rate of 0.05 $$(p < 5.85\times {10}^{-7})$$

(

p
<
5.85
×

10

−
7

)

: cg22572071 near gene ADGRF1, cg15280358 in ADAM12, cg00813162 in ACTN1, and cg01101459 near LINC01132. Additionally, our EWAS analysis in participants who never smoked cigarettes identified another epigenome-wide significant CpG site, cg14237301 annotated to APOBR. We used a leave-one-out approach to evaluate methylation scores constructed as a weighted sum of the significant CpGs. The best model can explain 3.79% of the variance in lifetime cannabis use. These findings unravel the DNA methylation changes associated with lifetime cannabis use that are independent of cigarette smoking and may serve as a starting point for further research on the mechanisms through which cannabis exposure impacts health outcomes.
Metabolic and fecal microbial changes in adult fetal growth restricted mice
Authors: Gilley Stephanie P. , Zarate Miguel A. , Zheng Lijun , Jambal Purevsuren , Yazza Deaunabah N. , Chintapalli Sree V. , MacLean Paul S. , Wright Clyde J. , Rozance Paul J. , Shankar Kartik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases risk for development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Using a mouse model of FGR, we tested whether metabolic outcomes were exacerbated by high-fat diet challenge or associated with fecal microbial taxa.

Methods
FGR was induced by maternal calorie restriction from gestation day 9 to 19. Control and FGR offspring were weaned to control (CON) or 45% fat diet (HFD). At age 16 weeks, offspring underwent intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing, quantitative MRI body composition assessment, and energy balance studies. Total microbial DNA was used for amplification of the V4 variable region of the 16 S rRNA gene. Multivariable associations between groups and genera abundance were assessed using MaAsLin2.

Results
Adult male FGR mice fed HFD gained weight faster and had impaired glucose tolerance compared to control HFD males, without differences among females. Irrespective of weaning diet, adult FGR males had depletion of Akkermansia, a mucin-residing genus known to be associated with weight gain and glucose handling. FGR females had diminished Bifidobacterium. Metabolic changes in FGR offspring were associated with persistent gut microbial changes.

Conclusion
FGR results in persistent gut microbial dysbiosis that may be a therapeutic target to improve metabolic outcomes.

Impact

Fetal growth restriction increases risk for metabolic syndrome later in life, especially if followed by rapid postnatal weight gain.

We report that a high fat diet impacts weight and glucose handling in a mouse model of fetal growth restriction in a sexually dimorphic manner.

Adult growth-restricted offspring had persistent changes in fecal microbial taxa known to be associated with weight, glucose homeostasis, and bile acid metabolism, particularly Akkermansia, Bilophilia and Bifidobacteria.

The gut microbiome may represent a therapeutic target to improve long-term metabolic outcomes related to fetal growth restriction.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm or low birth weight infants with germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Meicen , Wang Shaopu , Zhang Ting , Duan Surong , Wang Hua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This meta-analysis aimed to identify the near- and long-term neurodevelopmental prognoses of preterm or low birth weight (LBW) infants with different severities of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

Methods
Four databases were searched for observational studies that were qualified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results
37 studies involving 32,370 children were included. Compared to children without IVH, children with mild IVH had higher incidences of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), cerebral palsy (CP), motor/cognitive delay, hearing impairment and visual impairment, as well as lower scores of the mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development (PDI). Moreover, compared to mild IVH, severe IVH increased susceptibilities of children to NDI, motor delay, CP, hearing impairment and visual impairment, with worse performances in MDI, PDI, motor score and IQ. Mild IVH was not associated with seizures or epilepsy.

Conclusions
Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes positively associated with the occurrence and severity of IVH in preterm or LBW infants, providing evidence for counseling and further decisions regarding early therapeutic interventions.

Impact

Adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life were closely associated with the occurrence and severity of IVH in preterm or LBW infants.

Our results highlight the importance to make prediction of the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born preterm or LBW with a history of IVH, which will guide affected parents when their children need clinical interventions to reach the full potential.

We emphasize the importance of identifying specific developmental delays that may exist in children with IVH, providing detailed information for the development of comprehensive intervention measures.
The RioK1 network determines p53 activity at multiple levels
Authors: Damizia Michela , Moretta Gian Mario , De Wulf Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBy responding to a host of adverse conditions, ranging from DNA damage to viral infection, transcription factor p53 supports genomic stability, cellular health, and survival. Not surprisingly, tumours across the cancer spectrum carry mutations in p53, misexpress the protein, or dysregulate its activity. Several signalling pathways, many of which comprise oncogenic proteins, converge upon p53 to control its stability and activity. We here present the conserved kinase/ATPase RioK1 as an upstream factor that determines p53 activity at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. It achieves this task by integrating the regulatory events that act on p53 into a coherent response circuit. We will also discuss how RIOK1 overexpression represents an alternative mechanism for cancers to inactivate p53, and how targeting RioK1 could eradicate malignancies that are driven by a dysregulated RioK1-p53 network.
SGF29 nuclear condensates reinforce cellular aging
Authors: Yan Kaowen , Ji Qianzhao , Zhao Dongxin , Li Mingheng , Sun Xiaoyan , Wang Zehua , Liu Xiaoqian , Liu Zunpeng , Li Hongyu , Ding Yingjie , Wang Si , Belmonte Juan Carlos Izpisua , Qu Jing , Zhang Weiqi , Liu Guang-Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Phase separation, a biophysical segregation of subcellular milieus referred as condensates, is known to regulate transcription, but its impacts on physiological processes are less clear. Here, we demonstrate the formation of liquid-like nuclear condensates by SGF29, a component of the SAGA transcriptional coactivator complex, during cellular senescence in human mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMPCs) and fibroblasts. The Arg 207 within the intrinsically disordered region is identified as the key amino acid residue for SGF29 to form phase separation. Through epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis, our data indicated that both condensate formation and H3K4me3 binding of SGF29 are essential for establishing its precise chromatin location, recruiting transcriptional factors and co-activators to target specific genomic loci, and initiating the expression of genes associated with senescence, such as CDKN1A. The formation of SGF29 condensates alone, however, may not be sufficient to drive H3K4me3 binding or achieve transactivation functions. Our study establishes a link between phase separation and aging regulation, highlighting nuclear condensates as a functional unit that facilitate shaping transcriptional landscapes in aging.
Transcriptional reprogramming by mutated IRF4 in lymphoma
Authors: Schleussner Nikolai , Cauchy Pierre , Franke Vedran , Giefing Maciej , Fornes Oriol , Vankadari Naveen , Assi Salam A. , Costanza Mariantonia , Weniger Marc A. , Akalin Altuna , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Bukur Thomas , Casarotto Marco G. , Damm Frederik , Daumke Oliver , Edginton-White Benjamin , Gebhardt J. Christof M. , Grau Michael , Grunwald Stephan , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Hartmann Sylvia , Huber Lionel , Kärgel Eva , Lusatis Simone , Noerenberg Daniel , Obier Nadine , Pannicke Ulrich , Fischer Anja , Reisser Anja , Rosenwald Andreas , Schwarz Klaus , Sundararaj Srinivasan , Weilemann Andre , Winkler Wiebke , Xu Wendan , Lenz Georg , Rajewsky Klaus , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Cockerill Peter N. , Scheidereit Claus , Siebert Reiner , Küppers Ralf , Grosschedl Rudolf , Janz Martin , Bonifer Constanze , Mathas Stephan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDisease-causing mutations in genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) can affect TF interactions with their cognate DNA-binding motifs. Whether and how TF mutations impact upon the binding to TF composite elements (CE) and the interaction with other TFs is unclear. Here, we report a distinct mechanism of TF alteration in human lymphomas with perturbed B cell identity, in particular classic Hodgkin lymphoma. It is caused by a recurrent somatic missense mutation c.295 T > C (p.Cys99Arg; p.C99R) targeting the center of the DNA-binding domain of Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4), a key TF in immune cells. IRF4-C99R fundamentally alters IRF4 DNA-binding, with loss-of-binding to canonical IRF motifs and neomorphic gain-of-binding to canonical and non-canonical IRF CEs. IRF4-C99R thoroughly modifies IRF4 function by blocking IRF4-dependent plasma cell induction, and up-regulates disease-specific genes in a non-canonical Activator Protein-1 (AP-1)-IRF-CE (AICE)-dependent manner. Our data explain how a single mutation causes a complex switch of TF specificity and gene regulation and open the perspective to specifically block the neomorphic DNA-binding activities of a mutant TF.
Planktonic microbial signatures of sinking particle export in the open ocean’s interior
Authors: Li Fuyan , Burger Andrew , Eppley John M. , Poff Kirsten E. , Karl David M. , DeLong Edward F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA considerable amount of particulate carbon produced by oceanic photosynthesis is exported to the deep-sea by the “gravitational pump” (~6.8 to 7.7 Pg C/year), sequestering it from the atmosphere for centuries. How particulate organic carbon (POC) is transformed during export to the deep sea however is not well understood. Here, we report that dominant suspended prokaryotes also found in sinking particles serve as informative tracers of particle export processes. In a three-year time series from oceanographic campaigns in the Pacific Ocean, upper water column relative abundances of suspended prokaryotes entrained in sinking particles decreased exponentially from depths of 75 to 250 m, conforming to known depth-attenuation patterns of carbon, energy, and mass fluxes in the epipelagic zone. Below ~250 m however, the relative abundance of suspended prokaryotes entrained in sinking particles increased with depth. These results indicate that microbial entrainment, colonization, and sinking particle formation are elevated at mesopelagic and bathypelagic depths. Comparison of suspended and sinking particle-associated microbes provides information about the depth-variability of POC export and biotic processes, that is not evident from biogeochemical data alone.
Disordered metasurface enabled single-shot full-Stokes polarization imaging leveraging weak dichroism
Authors: Fan Qingbin , Xu Weizhu , Hu Xuemei , Zhu Wenqi , Yue Tao , Yan Feng , Lin Peicheng , Chen Lu , Song Junyeob , Lezec Henri J. , Agrawal Amit , Lu Yanqing , Xu Ting 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolarization, one of the fundamental properties of light, is critical for certain imaging applications because it captures information from the scene that cannot directly be recorded by traditional intensity cameras. Currently, mainstream approaches for polarization imaging rely on strong dichroism of birefringent crystals or artificially fabricated structures that exhibit a high diattenuation typically exceeding 99%, which corresponds to a polarization extinction ratio (PER) >~100. This not only limits the transmission efficiency of light, but also makes them either offer narrow operational bandwidth or be non-responsive to the circular polarization. Here, we demonstrate a single-shot full-Stokes polarization camera incorporating a disordered metasurface array with weak dichroism. The diattenuation of the metasurface array is ~65%, which corresponds to a PER of ~2. Within the framework of compressed sensing, the proposed disordered metasurface array serves as an efficient sensing matrix. By incorporating a mask-aware reconstruction algorithm, the signal can be accurately recovered with a high probability. In our experiments, the proposed approach exhibits high-accuracy full-Stokes polarimetry and high-resolution real-time polarization imaging. Our demonstration highlights the potential of combining meta-optics with reconstruction algorithms as a promising approach for advanced imaging applications.
Circular polarization-resolved ultraviolet photonic artificial synapse based on chiral perovskite
Authors: Liu Qi , Wei Qi , Ren Hui , Zhou Luwei , Zhou Yifan , Wang Pengzhi , Wang Chenghao , Yin Jun , Li Mingjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized light (CPL) adds a unique dimension to optical information processing and communication. Integrating CPL sensitivity with light learning and memory in a photonic artificial synapse (PAS) device holds significant value for advanced neuromorphic vision systems. However, the development of such systems has been impeded by the scarcity of suitable CPL active optoelectronic materials. In this work, we employ a helical chiral perovskite hybrid combined with single-wall carbon nanotubes to achieve circularly polarized ultraviolet neuromorphic vision sensing and imaging. The heterostructure demonstrates long-term charge storage as evidenced by multiple-pulsed transient absorption measurements and highly sensitive circular polarization-dependent photodetection, thereby enabling efficient CPL-resolved synaptic and neuromorphic behaviors. Significantly, our PAS sensor arrays adeptly visualize, discriminate, and memorize distinct circularly polarized images with up to 93% recognition accuracy in spiking neural network simulations. These findings underscore the pivotal role of chiral perovskites in advancing PAS technology and circular polarization-enhanced ultraviolet neuromorphic vision systems.
Better adherence to guidelines among psychiatrists providing pharmacological therapy is associated with longer work hours in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ito Satsuki , Ohi Kazutaka , Yasuda Yuka , Fujimoto Michiko , Yamamori Hidenaga , Matsumoto Junya , Fukumoto Kentaro , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Hasegawa Naomi , Ishimaru Keiichiro , Miura Kenichiro , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that is associated with various social dysfunctions, including shorter work hours. To measure the degree to which psychiatrists adhere to guidelines for pharmacological therapy of schizophrenia, we recently developed the individual fitness score (IFS) for adherence among psychiatrists in each patient. However, it remains unclear whether better adherence among psychiatrists is associated with higher patients’ social functional outcomes, such as work hours. In this study, we examined the relationship between adherence to guidelines among psychiatrists and work hours in patients with schizophrenia. To evaluate the association between adherence to guidelines for pharmacological therapy among psychiatrists for treating schizophrenia and work hours, we used the IFS and social activity assessment, respectively, in 286 patients with schizophrenia. The correlation between IFS values and work hours was investigated in the patients. The adherence among psychiatrists to guidelines was significantly and positively correlated with work hours in patients with schizophrenia (rho = 0.18, p = 2.15 × 10−3). When we divided the patients into treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and nontreatment-resistant schizophrenia (non-TRS) groups, most patients with TRS (n = 40) had shorter work hours (0–15 h/week). Even after excluding patients with TRS, the positive correlation between adherence to guidelines among psychiatrists and work hours in patients with non-TRS (n = 246) was still significant (rho = 0.19, p = 3.32 × 10−3). We found that work hours were longer in patients who received the guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy. Our findings suggest that widespread education and training for psychiatrists may be necessary to improve functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.