bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the pulmonary circulation due to gravitational loads in high altitude conditions
Authors: Absatirova Venera , Shandaulov Assylbek , Khamchiyev Kureysh , Shukurov Firuz , Khalimova Fariza 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The impact of gravity on the existence of all living things has long been of interest to scientists. The force of the Earth’s gravity combined with hypoxia significantly affects blood circulation and blood accumulation in various parts of the human and animal body. To date, the relationship between body position and blood circulation in pulmonary circulation under hypobaric hypoxia has not been sufficiently studied. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, the research aims to determine the possibility of changing the body position in space on the reactions in the pulmonary circulation in the plains and highlands. METHODS: For this purpose, research was conducted on male Wistar rats, 44 of whom spent 150 days at an altitude of 3200 m above sea level, and 25 representatives of the control group - at an altitude of 164 m. RESULTS: The study revealed that gravitational redistribution of blood in mountainous conditions is less pronounced compared to the control group. This is explained by the remodeling of the vascular wall and an increase in its stiffness. It was found that a change in pulmonary artery pressure at the time of a change in body position was recorded both on the plains and in the highlands. On the plains, when the body position of rats was changed to passive orthostatic, a decrease in systolic and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure was noted, and when the body position was changed to passive anti-orthostatic, an increase in pulmonary artery pressure was observed. The increase in pulmonary artery pressure was a compensatory mechanism due to the increased stiffness of the pulmonary vasculature. CONCLUSIONS: The practical significance of this research is to expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in high-altitude hypoxia.
OA usage reporting: Understanding stakeholder needs and advancing trust through shared infrastructure
Authors: Lloyd Tim , Miller Tricia , Drummond Christina , Kemp Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

The complexity of usage reporting for Open Access (OA) content continues to grow, particularly with content syndication to organizations such as ScienceDirect and ResearchGate, which deliver content across multiple platforms at an unprecedented scale. What kind of usage data do diverse stakeholders (including libraries, publishers, authors, and editors) need? Can the work done to support OA book usage data analytics use cases inform OA article and data use cases? What standards and policies are required to ensure the usage data is accurate and meaningful? What infrastructure is needed to collect and disseminate this data effectively and efficiently? This paper brings together four different perspectives to consider these questions: an OA publisher, a research infrastructure, an emerging usage data trust, and a usage analytics service provider. The authors walk through what is known, and then start to unpack the questions for which they do not yet have answers. Their goal is to inform the community’s understanding of the challenges ahead and, hopefully, start to lay the groundwork for constructive policies and shared solutions.
The West of Scotland Cohort of Mitochondrial Individuals with the m.3243A>G Variant: Variations in Phenotypes and Predictors of Disease Severity
Authors: Saunders Charlie , Longman Cheryl , Gorman Grainne , James Kelly , Oliwa Agata , Petty Richard , Snadden Lesley , Farrugia Maria Elena 
Published: December 2023

Background: The m.3243A>G variant is the commonest mitochondrial (mt) DNA pathogenic variant and a frequent cause of mitochondrial disease. Individuals present with a variety of clinical manifestations from diabetes to neurological events resembling strokes. Due to this, patients are commonly cared for by a multidisciplinary team. Objectives: This project aimed to identify patients with confirmed mt.3243A>G-related mitochondrial disease attending the Muscle Clinic at Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow. We explored potential correlates between clinical phenotypes and mtDNA heteroplasmy levels, HbA1c levels, body mass index, and specific clinical manifestations. We investigated if there were discrepancies between non-neurological speciality labelling in clinical records and individuals’ phenotypes. Methods: Data were gathered from the West of Scotland electronic records. Phenotypes were ascertained by a clinician with expertise in mitochondrial disorders. Statistical analyses were applied to study relationships between tissue heteroplasmy, HbA1c and clinical phenotypes including body mass index (BMI). Results: Forty-six individuals were identified from 31 unrelated pedigrees. Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness was the prominent syndromic phenotype (48%). A significant association was found between overall number of symptoms and bowel dysmotility ( p < 0.01). HbA1c was investigated as a predictor of severity with potential association seen. Although used widely as a prognosticator, neither corrected blood nor urine mtDNA heteroplasmy levels were associated with increased number of symptoms. In 74.1% of records, syndromic phenotypes were incorrectly used by non-neurological specialities. Conclusions: This m.3243 A > G patient cohort present with marked clinical heterogeneity. Urine and blood heteroplasmy levels are not reliable predictors of disease severity. HbA1c may be a novel predictor of disease severity with further research required to investigate this association. We infer that prognosis may be worse in patients with low BMIs and in those with bowel dysmotility. These results underscore a multidisciplinary approach and highlight a problem with inaccurate use of the existing nomenclature.
Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal and His World View
Authors: Safi Maiwand , Mamond Majeedullah , Safi Ghufranullah 
Published: December 2023

This article offers insights into the perception of Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal regarding the great powers. In every epoch, there are different great powers; in this paper, when the term great power is used, it means the US and the USSR. In addition, this article explains Maiwandwal’s idea of non-alignment, perception of co-existence and world peace and, most importantly, progressive democracy. Progressive Democracy is a distinct social doctrine of Maiwandwal that reflects his worldview and perception regarding great powers. It starts with introducing Maiwandwal. Later, he explains his worldview and his perception regarding great powers and talks about his foreign policy towards the US and USSR. This article examines and concludes that Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal’s ideas and conceptions about the great powers and his foreign policy towards them forced him to resign, and ultimately, he was killed due to it.
Työn merkityksellisyys osana kestävää matkailutyötä
Authors: Angeria Mari 
Published: December 2023

Työn merkityksellisyys on tärkeäksi tunnustettu ja monilla eri tieteenaloilla tutkittu teema. Kuitenkaan, sen käsitteestä ei vallitse yksimielisyyttä. Tässä artikkeli tarkastellaan työn merkityksellisyyttä matkailualalla kontekstissa. Matkailuala on herkkä globaaleille ja esimerkiksi, pandemia iski alaan rajusti ja syvensi olemassa olevia haasteita, kuten ammattitaitoisen työvoiman puutetta ja matkailutyössä koettuja epäkohtia. Matkailutyön sosiaalisen vastuullisuuden teemoja ja merkityksellistä työtä on tutkittu vielä melko vähän. Tässä artikkelissa työn merkityksellisyyden kokemus pyritään nivomaan osaksi kestävää ja hyvää matkailutyötä. Artikkelin tavoitteena muodostaa yleiskatsaus merkityksellisestä työstä matkailualan tutkimuksessa käytävään keskusteluun ja antaa esimerkkejä nykyisistä kehittämishankkeista. Artikkeli pyrkii tarjoamaan yhteenvedon aiemmista tutkimuksista, ja tunnistamaan näkökohtia, jotka ovat saattaneet jäädä huomiotta, ja näin ollen edistämään ilmiön parempaa ymmärtämistä matkailutyön kontekstissa.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KIMIA MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE ADOBE FLASH CS6 PADA MATERI SISTEM KOLOID
Authors: Julita Sastra  , Sura Menda Ginting  , Febrian Solikhin  
Published: December 2023

This research was the development of chemistry teaching materials using Adobe Flash CS6 software which aimed to determine the feasibility level, readability level, and student response to chemistry teaching materials on the subject of colloid system. The development of this teaching materials used the ADDIE development model which was limited to the implementation stage. The research was conducted at MAN 1 Bengkulu City with the research subjects being 9 students of class XI IPA 2 for the teaching materials readability test and all students of class XI IPA 2 totaling 33 students for testing student responses to the teaching materials. From the results of the study, it was found that (1) the feasibility level of this teaching materials was 88.33% meanwhile the result from the media aspect was 87% therefore based on the validation results by the validator of the teaching materials developed using Adobe Flash CS6 software it was declared very valid, (2) based on the results of the teaching materials readability trial, the average percentage of teaching materials readability obtained was 84.04% with a very valid category, (3) based on the product trial, the average student response was 89.67% with a very valid category.
Keywords: Teaching Materials, Adobe Flash CS6, Coloid System
Comparison of the value of various complex indexes of blood cell types and lipid levels in coronary heart disease
Authors: Peng Aihong , Zhang Bing , Wang Siyin , Feng Yujia , Liu Shengnan , Liu Cuiyi , Li Shu , Li Fei , Peng Yuanyuan , Wan Jing 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundInflammation and lipid infiltration play crucial roles in the development of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between various complex indexes of blood cell types and lipid levels with the severity of coronary artery stenosis and their predictive value in coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsThe retrospective study was conducted on 3,201 patients who underwent coronary angiography at the Department of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. The patients were divided into two groups: CHD group and non-CHD group. The CHD group was further classified into three subgroups (mild, moderate, severe) based on the tertiles of their Gensini score or SYNTAX score I. Various complex indexes of blood cell types and lipid levels were compared between the groups.ResultsIt revealed a positive correlation between all complex indexes and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. The systemic inflammation-response index/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol count (SIRI/HDL) exhibited the strongest correlation with both severity scores (Gensini score: r = 0.257, P &lt; 0.001; SYNTAX score I: r = 0.171, P &lt; 0.001). The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) was identified as a stronger independent risk factor for CHD. However, SIRI/HDL had higher diagnostic efficacy for CHD (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 60.4%, area under curve 0.680, 95% CI: 0.658–0.701). Notably, the pan-immune-inflammation value multiplied by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol count (PIV × LDL) exhibited the highest sensitivity of 85.2%.ConclusionAll complex indexes which we investigated exhibited positive correlations with the severity of coronary artery stenosis. SIRI/HDL demonstrated higher diagnostic efficiency for CHD and a significant correlation with the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
Detection and quantification of pathogens in saliva of adolescents with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yoshida Rosemeire Arai , Lobato Tiago Bertola , Gorjão Renata , França Lucas Santiago , Alves Lívia Araujo , Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundElevated levels of inflammatory mediators in saliva have been described in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to detect and quantify the pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia in the saliva of adolescents with CP.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with adolescents with CP to detect periodontopathogens from saliva samples. Initially, saliva was collected from the CP (n = 34) and control groups (n = 31), followed by the gingival index (GI) for distribution of the groups of individuals with CP and control with gingivitis (bleeding on probing ≥ 10%) and without gingivitis. Bacterial DNA was extracted from saliva samples for detection of periodontopathogens by quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests, analysis of variance t-test (ANOVA) with Tukey–Kramer post-hoc tests (p &lt; 0.05).ResultsThe quantification of DNA of periodontopathogens in saliva samples showed that adolescents with CP present a variability (22.93–39.56) in the detection of P. gingivalis and that some subjects with CP and gingivitis (n = 4) present high quantification of P. gingivalis (ranging 39.56–37.65), although no significant difference was found between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). A significant contrast was observed for the pathogen P. intermedia when comparing the difference in the control group (p = 0.0396). No major differences were detected in the quantification of periodontopathogens evaluated between the control group and CP.ConclusionAdolescents with CP showed variability in the detection of DNA of periodontopathogens, especially a great variation in the detection of P gingivalis in saliva of CP with gingivitis.
Effects of wildfire on soils: field studies and modelling on induced underground temperature variations
Authors: Chicco Jessica Maria , Mandrone Giuseppe , Vacha Damiano 
Published: December 2023

Wildfire statistics report an increasing number of deaths, damages, and force society to face exceptional repair costs also due to secondary effects such as landslides, soils erosion and water quality problems. Literature agrees that the extent of the thermal disturbance of the soil due to wildfire is strongly dependent on fire intensity, on its duration and recurrence, as well as on fuel load, and soil properties. The unpredictability of these phenomena is one of the main challenges for scientists trying to study their characteristics. Degradation of the biological, chemical, and physical properties of forest soils due to the wildfires can reduce their capacity to function fully, with such effects either temporary or permanent. Direct measurements of the effects of these phenomena are difficult to be collected in the field, especially when the area affected by fires is a wilderness. In this study, controlled fires reproducing real conditions of wildfire affecting the Susa Valley (NW Italy) in 2017, which induced intense erosion and debris flows, have been monitored both above and below the ground surface. Moreover, numerical simulations based on real data increased the know-how to reproduce real changes on the underground. The small-scale fire simulations have allowed to verify how the depth affected by significant increases in temperatures is truly pellicular. Field tests show that at −2 cm depth temperature never exceed 70°C, meaning that it usually does not affect soil components or properties. The results of the study suggest that temperature variations in the subsoil are very localized and limited. If confirmed by further studies, the processes inferred to produce large ground effects on slopes after wildfires should be re-considered.
The potential association of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in patients with papillary thyroid cancer before radioiodine therapy to clinical outcomes
Authors: Cao Jingjia , He Xiaoxi , Li Xiao , Sun Yaru , Zhang Wei , Li Yuyang , Zhu Xiaolu 
Published: December 2023

PurposeNeutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), markers-lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have potential roles as prognostic biomarkers in various cancers. The study was evaluated to investigate the predictive value of the peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) before radioiodine therapy to the response of clinical outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the patients diagnosed with PTC at the Second Hospital of Shandong University between September 2018 and January 2020. Patients were divided into low and high inflammatory biomarker groups based on median values. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and logistic regression were used to explore the potential risk factors.ResultsA total of 692 patients were enrolled, which included 197 (28.4%) males and 495 (71.6%) females. The median values of NLR, LMR and PLR of these patients were 1.7 (range 0.3–5.7), 7.1 (range 1.1–23.4) and 137.6 (range 27.6–497.5), respectively, and the mean values were 1.95 ± 0.82, 7.4 ± 2.5 and 148.7 ± 54.8, respectively. Compared to the lower PLR group, the higher group was significantly associated with gender, tumor size, N stage and thyroglobulin level (P&lt;0.05). At the end of follow-up, 75.5% (523/692), 13.3% (91/692), 4.5% (31/692), and 6.7% (47/692) of patients were evaluated as excellent response (ER), indeterminate response (IDR), structural incomplete response (SIR), and biochemical incomplete response (BIR) respectively. In term of clinical outcomes, the NLR, LMR and PLR showed relatively low discriminative power (P≥0.05).ConclusionWe found that higher PLR values was associated with poor clinicopathological features in PTC. However, the peripheral inflammatory indicators (NLR, LMR and PLR) may be insufficient to predict short-term clinical outcomes of patients with radioiodine therapy.
Quantifying the long-term recovery of the protective effect of forests against rockfall after stand-replacing disturbances
Authors: May Dominik , Moos Christine , Dorren Luuk , Noyer Estelle , Temperli Christian , Schwarz Massimiliano 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionIncreasing disturbances may significantly impact the long-term protective effect of forests against natural hazards. Quantifying the temporal development of the protective effect of forests is thus crucial for finding optimal management strategies.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the long-term recovery of the protective effect of the secondary stands of spruce (Picea abies), fir (Abies alba), and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests against rockfall after stand-replacing disturbances based on data of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI). We therefore derived the age of the inventoried forest stands of those tree species based on a growth parametrization and quantified their energy dissipation capacity in rockfall processes as a function of stand age. We then analyzed the development of their protective factor for varying rockfall dispositions.ResultsGenerally, it takes between 50 and 200 years to regain the maximum possible protective effect, depending from the site conditions and the rockfall disposition. This implies that the recovery of the protective effect after a severe disturbance may require more time than the decay of the protective effect from disturbance legacies, resulting in a long lasting gap of the provided protection.DiscussionThe here presented approach can serve as a basis to estimate the general range of recovery of the protective effect of beech, fir and spruce forests against rockfall provided by forest stands. Future research should analyse the effects of environmental and forest conditions as well as varying disturbance intensities and legacies to enable the assessment of specific trajectories of the short- and long-term recovery of the protective effect.
Potential for quantifying general environmental resilience of dairy cattle in sub-Saharan Africa using deviations in milk yield
Authors: Oloo Richard D. , Mrode Raphael , Bennewitz Jörn , Ekine-Dzivenu Chinyere C. , Ojango Julie M. K. , Gebreyohanes Gebregziabher , Mwai Okeyo A. , Chagunda Mizeck G. G. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Genetic improvement of general resilience of dairy cattle is deemed as a part of the solution to low dairy productivity and poor cattle adaptability in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While indicators of general resilience have been proposed and evaluated in other regions, their applicability in SSA remains unexplored. This study sought to test the viability of utilizing log-transformed variance (LnVar), autocorrelation (rauto), and skewness (Skew) of deviations in milk yield as indicators of general resilience of dairy cows performing in the tropical environment of Kenya.Methods: Test-day milk yield records of 2,670 first-parity cows performing in three distinct agroecological zones of Kenya were used. To predict expected milk yield, quantile regression was used to model lactation curve for each cow. Subsequently, resilience indicators were defined based on actual and standardized deviations of observed milk yield from the expected milk yield. The genetic parameters of these indicators were estimated, and their associations with longevity and average test-day milk yield were examined.Results: All indicators were heritable except skewness of actual and standardized deviation. The log-transformed variance of actual (LnVar1) and standardized (LnVar2) deviations had the highest heritabilities of 0.19 ± 0.04 and 0.17 ± 0.04, respectively. Auto-correlation of actual (rauto1) and standardized (rauto2) deviations had heritabilities of 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.07 ± 0.03, respectively. Weak to moderate genetic correlations were observed among resilience indicators. Both rauto and Skew indicators had negligible genetic correlations with both longevity and average test-day milk yield. LnVar1 and LnVar2 were genetically associated with better longevity (rg = −0.47 ± 0.26 and −0.49 ± 0.26, respectively). Whereas LnVar1 suggested that resilient animals produce lower average test-day milk yield, LnVar2 revealed a genetic association between resilience and higher average test-day milk yield.Discussion: Log transformed variance of deviations in milk yield holds a significant potential as a robust resilience indicator for dairy animals performing in SSA. Moreover, standardized as opposed to actual deviations should be employed in defining resilience indicators because the resultant indicator does not inaccurately infer that low-producing animals are inherently resilient. This study offers an opportunity for enhancing the productivity of dairy cattle performing in SSA through selective breeding for resilience to environmental stressors.