bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced somatostatin secretion into the gastric juice with recovery of basal acid output after Helicobacter pylori eradication in gastric ulcers
Authors: HAYAKAWA TOSHIHIKO , KANEKO HIROSHI , KONAGAYA TOSHIHIRO , SHINOZAKI KAORI , KASAHARA AKIHITO , FUNAKI YASUSHI , MORI SHOZABURO , YOKOI TAKIO , HIROOKA YOSHIFUMI , KUSUGAMI KAZUO , KAKUMU SHINICHI 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground and Aim: Antral somatostatin interacts with gastric acid secretion. We aimed to investigate the effect of eradication on gastric acid, somatostatin secretion and mucosal histology in gastric ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.Methods: Twenty‐eight patients (21 male, 7 female) with H. pylori‐positive gastric ulcer were treated with dual therapy. Before and 4–8 weeks after the therapy, the histology of biopsy specimens, basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) after stimulation with tetragastrin were assessed. Somatostatin concentration in the gastric juice was measured by radioimmunoassay, and somatostatin output during either the basal or gastrin‐stimulated period was also examined.Results: Eradication was successful in 22 patients. Before treatment, the acid and somatostatin output were inversely related to the severity of neutrophil infiltration in the corpus and antrum, respectively. After successful eradication, improvement of histological inflammation and an increase in BAO, basal and gastrin‐stimulated somatostatin output were observed. Eradication had no effect on atrophy and MAO. There was a positive correlation between gastric acid and somatostatin output in the basal or stimulated condition, irrespective of H. pylori infection.Conclusions: The present results suggest that recovery of gastric BAO may be caused by an improvement in corpus neutrophil infiltration, but not by an increase in parietal cell volume or a change in atrophy. Also, there was an increase in basal and gastrin‐stimulated somatostatin‐containing cell activity accompanied by improved antral neutrophil infiltration in the early phase after H. pylori eradication in gastric ulcers.© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Hepatitis C virus genotypes and hepatic fibrosis regulate 24‐h decline of serum hepatitis C virus RNA during interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: KARINO YOSHIYASU , TOYOTA JOUJI , SUGAWARA MASAAKI , MIYAZAKI KAYO , KUWATA YASUAKI , YAMAZAKI KATSU , SATO TAKAHIRO , OHMURA TAKUMI , MATSUSHIMA TAKASHI 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground and Aims:Recently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics during interferon (IFN) therapy have been studied in detail. We examined factors that regulate the viral kinetics and the relationship between the viral kinetics and clinical effect of IFN therapy.Methods:Eighty‐eight patients with chronic hepatitis C entered this study. All patients had been treated with 3 MU of IFN‐β twice a day for the first 2–4 weeks, then IFN‐α for the next 20–22 weeks (three injections per week). The levels of serum HCV RNA were determined by Amplicor HCV Monitor version 1.0, before and 24 h after the first injection of IFN; then the decline of HCV was calculated. Liver inflammation and fibrosis were scored as 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate) or 3 (severe) using biopsy specimens.Results:The decline of serum HCV RNA was 1.42 ± 0.65 log copies/mL in genotype 1b and 1.83 ± 0.72 in genotype 2a or 2b (P < 0.01). By a logistic regression model, genotype (1b, 2a or 2b) and hepatic fibrosis (0 or 1, 2 or 3) associated with 24‐h decline of serum HCV RNA, independently. As the predictor of IFN therapy, the decline of serum HCV RNA and serum HCV RNA levels before IFN therapy were the independent significant factors (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The decline of serum HCV RNA during the first 24 h of IFN therapy was regulated by genotypes and hepatic fibrosis. The decline of serum HCV RNA and initial HCV load were independent factors that can be the predictor of the subsequent sustained viral response to IFN therapy.© 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
The impact of tourism on dune lakes on Fraser Island, Australia
Authors: Hadwen Wade L. , Arthington Angela H. , Mosisch Thorsten D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn view of the increasing tourism to Fraser Island, Queensland, a tourist pressure index (TPI) was developed to assess the potential threat of tourism to 15 of the most accessible dune lakes on the island. Tourist pressure index scores indicated that the two clear lakes on the island, Lake McKenzie and Lake Birrabeen, are most threatened by tourist activities owing to their accessibility, facilities and prominence in advertising campaigns. In addition, limnological investigations of the same 15 lakes were conducted in February 1999 to determine their current trophic status and potential susceptibility to adverse impacts from tourism, particularly with reference to eutrophication. On the basis of nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations, the two water table window lakes, Ocean Lake and Lake Wabby, were classed as mesotrophic and oligo‐mesotrophic, while all of the perched dune lakes were oligotrophic. Lake McKenzie and Lake Birrabeen, the two most threatened lakes according to TPI scores, had the lowest nutrient concentrations of all of the lakes examined and, consequently, we suggest that nutrient additions might elicit rapid algal growth responses in these systems. Comparisons between current data and historical data from Arthington et al. (1990) indicate that increases in planktonic chlorophyll a concentrations were not always directly mirrored by increases in total phosphorus concentrations. We found that while chlorophyll a concentrations were significantly higher in the 1999 samples than in the 1990 samples for all lakes, total phosphorus concentrations were higher in Ocean Lake, lower in Lake Jennings and similar in lakes McKenzie, Birrabeen and Wabby.
Study of the Patterns of Alternative Therapy by the Elderly
Authors: Shin Kyung Rim , Jho Mi Young , Lee Gi Sook , Park Sun Young , Shin Su Jin 
Published: December 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of alternative therapy by the elderly. The data were collected from 15–25 May 2001 in Seoul, Korea. The instrument, developed by Shin (2000), was used to examine the patterns of alternative therapy. The collected data were analyzed by using the sas program. The findings revealed:

Over 66% (66.84%) of the elderly used alternative therapy.
In regard to the mind–body technique, exercise (19.85%) and praying or Bul‐Gong (16.79%) were most favored. Sa‐Gol (42.75%), ginseng (24.43%), and nok‐yong (24.43%) were the most favorable of the dietary therapies. Of the manual healing methods, ordinary acupuncture (48.83%), physical therapy (24.43%), moxibustion (20.61%) and hand acupuncture (12.98%) were most favored.
The greatest satisfaction of the alternative therapies was ordinary acupuncture (14.50%).
The rate of using alternative therapy was significantly different in regard to gender (P = 0.0493). It was concluded that alternative therapies may be effective independent nursing interventions to use with the elderly.
Recognition of expertise: An important concept in the acquisition of nephrology nursing expertise
Authors: Bonner Ann 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe present article, which is abstracted from a larger study into the acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise, aims to explore the concept of recognition of expertise. The study used grounded theory methodology and involved 17 registered nurses who were practising in a metropolitan renal unit in New South Wales, Australia. Concurrent data collection and analysis was undertaken, incorporating participant observations and interviews. According to nurses in this study, patients, doctors and other nurses recognized that some nurses were experts while others were not. In addition, being trusted, being a role model and teaching others were important components of being recognized as an expert nephrology nurse. Of importance for nursing, the results of the present study indicate that knowledge and experience are not sufficient to ensure expert practice; recognition of expertise by others is an important function of expertise acquisition.
Global tissue oxygenation during normovolaemic haemodilution in young children
Authors: ALY HASSAN A. , LOCHBUEHLER H. , FREY L. , MESSMER K. 
Published: December 2004

Sixteen patients (1–8 years) scheduled for major general surgery were chosen for the study. They were divided into two groups according to the replacement solution used for haemodilution (HD); whether 6% middle molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or 6% dextran 60 (DEX). After induction of general anaesthesia and pulmonary artery catheterization, a precalculated amount of autologous blood was withdrawn while the patient's autologous blood was simultaneously replaced by either HES or DEX. Autologous blood was retransfused at a minimum haematocrit (Hct.) of 17% or at the end of surgery. The following parameters were measured and/or calculated before and after HD, every 20 min intraoperatively and hourly for 6 h postoperatively: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), Cardiac index (CI), Hct., arterial and mixed venous oxygen content (CaO2, CvO2) and arterio‐venous difference of oxygen content (avDO2), oxygen delivery index (DO2I), oxygen consumption index (VO2I).	The cardiovascular system remained stable. There was no significant difference as regards SvO2, despite a significant decrease in CaO2 to 10.8 and 10.0 ml·dl−1 (median values) due to reduction of haemoglobin concentration in the HES and DEX groups respectively. In spite of the low hct. values during surgery DO2I remained in normal range (median value 602 and 710 ml·min−1·m−2) in HEX and DEX group respectively. There was no significant change in VO2I after haemodilution (median value 212 and 243 ml.min−1·m−2) in either group. No statistically significant difference was noticed between either groups regarding: CaO2, CvO2, DO2I, VO2I, and no side effects of the colloids were observed. Isovolaemic haemodilution (Hct. approx;17%) is well tolerated by young children undergoing major elective surgery; global tissue oxygenation was preserved throughout the procedure and both solutions used for haemodilution were equally effective.
Use of intravenous ketamine‐midazolam association for pain procedures in children with cancer. A prospective study
Authors: PELLIER I. , MONRIGAL J.P. , LE MOINE P. , ROD B. , RIALLAND X. , GRANRY J.C. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of midazolam‐ketamine association to control pain induced by diagnostic procedures in paediatric oncology patients. 226 procedures were carried out in 92 patients aged three days to 18 years. Drugs were given i.v. by an anaesthesiologist. Midazolam dose was 25 μg??kg−1 and ketamine 0.5 to 2 mg??kg−1, depending on number and invasiveness of procedures. The mean dose of ketamine was 1 mg??kg−1. Mean duration of sedation was ten min. No complication was observed and analgesia was considered satisfactory in 89 out of 92 patients. These results indicate that midazolam‐ketamine is a safe and effective association in pain management for paediatric oncology patients and efficiently induces brief unconscious sedation with analgesia.
A wandering nasal prong—a thing of risks and problems
Authors: PECK D. J. , TULLOH R. M. , MADDEN N. , PETROS A. J. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe describe an unusual complication of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) ventilation in a preterm low birth weight neonate being weaned from respiratory support. The tube used to administer nasal CPAP became dislodged from its metal connector whilst in the nasopharynx and slipped into the stomach. After waiting eight days the tube showed no signs of passing spontaneously through the gastrointestinal tract and retrieval was then successfully achieved by means of a 3.5 mm paediatric fibreoptic bronchoscope without complication.
Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in sedated infants facilitated by an airway endoscopy mask
Authors: ERB THOMAS , HAMMER JÖRG , RUTISHAUSER MARKUS , FREI MD FRANZ J. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryFibreoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is frequently associated with a decline in Pao
2, whose degree and duration can be substantial especially in infants. The effect of a face mask, which allows the administration of 100% oxygen and continuous positive airway pressure during FB, on the incidence and severity of hypoxaemia was studied in thirty‐one consecutive infants. Sedation was provided by intravenous propofol titrated to allow patient comfort. A transient fall in Spo
2 <95% was recorded in 6/31 patients during endoscopy of the upper airway (lasting 1.6±1.1 min) and in 11/31 patients during endoscopy of the lower airways (lasting 1.4±1.1 min). Capillary blood gas analysis before and after endoscopy of the lower airways demonstrated an increase in the P
co
2 6.4±1.3 to 7.3±1.4 kPa (49±10 to 56±11 mmHg). The risk of hypoxaemia in sedated infants breathing spontaneously is low when 100% oxygen and continuous positive airway pressure are administered during FB.
The laryngeal mask airway for administration of surfactant in two neonates with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Brimacombe Joseph , Gandini Donna , Keller Christian 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe report the successful use of the ClassicTM laryngeal mask airway to provide brief access to the intratracheal space for the administration of surfactant in two neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
Immersed subjectivity and engaged narratives: clinical epistemology and normative intricacy
Authors: Nortvedt Per 
Published: December 2004

AbstractGadow's understanding of nursing as a relational narrative anchored in a dialectic between the fundamental subjectivity of the individual client and the objectification of his illness poses some interesting questions for nursing ethics and care. For Gadow, nursing is an encounter with the immediate vulnerability of the client and also lends it responsibilities to the medical objectification of illness aiming at disease treatment and control. Hence, nursing agency is divided between its responsibilities induced by the personal vulnerability of the patient and the more impersonal, but benevolent intention shaped by medical knowledge. Medical knowledge is impersonal in the sense that it is knowledge detached from the subjectivity of the patient. But how is nursing able to reconcile the interests derived from personal and experienced vulnerability with the more impersonal and often conflicting demands of medical knowledge? This question is even more intriguing because there seems to be an objective dimension within a patient's subjectivity itself: an autonomous person can critically evaluate his own subjectivity as a basis for informed self‐interest. The sick person is thus confronted with objectivity on two important levels: the objective facts of his disease and his detachment from his own experiential vulnerability when engaged in the critical evaluation of his self‐interest. This paper will discuss the normative dimensions of these complex and, frequently, conflicting perspectives from the theoretical perspectives of Thomas Nagel's normative responsibility and Sally Gadow's clinical epistemology and relational narratives. The empirical basis for the discussion will be an ongoing study of the ethical dimensions of pain relief and sedation in an intensive care unit.
Relational pedagogy. Embodiment, improvisation, and interdependence
Authors: Bergum Vangie 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper Gadow's philosophical themes are developed considering the pedagogical relation – the relation of teacher and student, nurse and patient, self and world. Relational pedagogy is discussed through exploration of embodiment (beingthe teaching), improvisation (doingthe teaching), and interdependence (locatingthe teaching in a reciprocal world as home). The pedagogical relation explores the lived space between teacher and learner, nurse and patient, where new knowledge is constructed. Such knowledge ‘resounds bodily’ and is always under construction.
Actualizing Gadow's moral framework for nursing through research1
Authors: Minicucci Daryl Sharp , Schmitt Madeline H. , Dombeck Mary T. , Williams Geoffrey C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe how Sally Gadow's perspectives on existential advocacy as the moral framework for the nurse–patient relationship were synthesized with a general theory of motivation, self‐determination theory (SDT), to inform the design of a study in which the influence of interpersonal care on the process of tobacco dependence treatment was explored. Consistent with the tenets of existential advocacy, participants who perceived their care providers as interpersonally sensitive and bringing more of their whole selves to the care encounter reported more autonomous motivation and felt competence for stopping smoking. The integration of existential advocacy with SDT, which led to the empirical work in which Gadow's ideas were actualized and her model supported, is described. Study findings are discussed in light of Gadow's philosophical views, and implications for nursing highlighted.
It happens when the stage sets collapse1
Authors: Schroeder Carole 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSally Gadow's tenure as professor of nursing at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center during my doctoral studies radically changed my view on science, nursing, relationships, and most importantly, the world. In this paper, I use ideas stimulated by Gadow's classes to argue that recognizing ambiguity through an attitude of metaphysical revolt can free nurses to form relationships with patients who are complex subjects rather than objects to be treated. I will first discuss Camus’ ideas of absurdity from the Myth of Sisyphus, comparing the awake passions of Don Juan and the maniacal (and fatal) love of Romeo and Juliet (1955). Merleau‐Ponty's (1962) work on the dialectic of human sexuality sheds light on the intrinsic bodily ambiguity of human existence as seen through sexual attraction. de Beauvoir (1948) further lends insight into ideas of ambiguity, relationship, and freedom. Finally, I will argue that recognition of the intrinsic ambiguity of existence coupled with an attitude of metaphysical revolt may free nurses and patients from external frameworks that limit experience, impose meaning, and in the process, sever human relationship.
The safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical and herbal caffeine and ephedrine use as a weight loss agent
Authors: Greenway F. L. 
Published: December 2004

SummarySince passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, the sale of herbal dietary supplements containing caffeine and ephedrine for weight loss has become widespread in the United States. Reports of adverse events associated with the use of these non‐prescription supplements have raised concerns in the United States regulatory community. Restricting the use of these products is now being considered. Such restriction should be based upon controlled clinical trials. This review of the literature in Medline relative to the use of caffeine and ephedrine in the treatment of obesity concludes that caffeine and ephedrine are effective in causing weight loss. Caffeine and ephedrine give equivalent weight loss to Diethylpropion and superior weight loss compared to dexfenfluramine. Caffeine and ephedrine have a long history of safe, non‐prescription use. The adverse events accompanying acute dosing are mild and transient. Adverse events with caffeine and ephedrine reach and remain at placebo levels after 4–12 weeks of continuous treatment, but data from randomized trials up to 6 months only are available. Obesity is chronic, requires chronic treatment, its incidence is increasing and it has few effective treatments. The benefits of caffeine and ephedrine in treating obesity appear to outweigh the small associated risks. Restriction of dietary herbal supplements containing caffeine and ephedrine, often with other ingredients, should be based on controlled clinical trials of these products.
Gourmand savants and environmental determinants of obesity
Authors: Myslobodsky M. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryObesity is an embodiment of a multifactorial problem with several intermediates in its casual pathway. Virtually all who have written on obesity have responded to four inter‐related factors: genetic, perinatal, environmental, and consumption‐expenditure energy imbalance. The message to take home is that while a molecular description of each participant of the obesity machinery seems achievable in principle, a complex model describing all of them is currently beyond our grasp. That is why the eradication of the obesity epidemic is seen in a more precise neuropsychological description of what is wrong with each subset of patients. This review proposes that the neuropsychiatric experience might be the most fundamental for it could help to refocus the view of obesity from ‘traditional’ environmental factors and lifestyle changes to those dominated by a more ‘individual‐centred’ perspective in which different modes of causal attribution are appropriate. This review advocates the idea of environmental dependency as a determinant of obesity, which has been an important idea in neurosciences for more than 30 years with roots in three important areas: psychological, neuropsychiatric, and experimental. The neuropsychology of obesity is yet to become part of today's agenda of obesity research.
How much physical activity is enough to prevent unhealthy weight gain? Outcome of the IASO 1st Stock Conference and consensus statement
Authors: Saris W. H. M. , Blair S. N. , Van Baak M. A. , Eaton S. B. , Davies P. S. W. , Di Pietro L. , Fogelholm M. , Rissanen A. , Schoeller D. , Swinburn B. , Tremblay A. , Westerterp K. R. , Wyatt H. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryA consensus meeting was held in Bangkok, 21–23 May 2002, where experts and young scientists in the field of physical activity, energy expenditure and body‐weight regulation discussed the different aspects of physical activity in relation to the emerging problem of obesity worldwide. The following consensus statement was accepted unanimously.‘The current physical activity guideline for adults of 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity daily, preferably all days of the week, is of importance for limiting health risks for a number of chronic diseases including coronary heart disease and diabetes. However for preventing weight gain or regain this guideline is likely to be insufficient for many individuals in the current environment. There is compelling evidence that prevention of weight regain in formerly obese individuals requires 60–90 minutes of moderate intensity activity or lesser amounts of vigorous intensity activity. Although definitive data are lacking, it seems likely that moderate intensity activity of approximately 45 to 60 minutes per day, or 1.7 PAL (Physical Activity Level) is required to prevent the transition to overweight or obesity. For children, even more activity time is recommended. A good approach for many individuals to obtain the recommended level of physical activity is to reduce sedentary behaviour by incorporating more incidental and leisure‐time activity into the daily routine. Political action is imperative to effect physical and social environmental changes to enable and encourage physical activity. Settings in which these environmental changes can be implemented include the urban and transportation infrastructure, schools, and workplaces.’