bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cus@rGO Grafted PEDOT:PSS Paper‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of Fenitrothion
Authors: Bohra Poornima , Priya  , Sweety  , Hudda Divya , Kumar Devendra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper introduced an innovative paper‐based biosensor outlined for the precise and rapid detection of fenitrothion pesticide. In this work, CuS@rGO grafted PEDOT:PSS‐based conducting paper has been fabricated by simple dip coating method. Further, the CuS@rGO/PEDOT:PSS/WP electrodes were doped with multiple organic solvents such as methanol, ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), and N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to enhance the electrochemical parameters. Among all these solvents, the electrode doped with DMSO is found to have the highest conductivity. Subsequently, AChE enzyme is immobilized onto the modified electrode to accelerate the particular recognition of fenitrothion using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent. Electrochemical studies have shown that this conducting paper‐based electrode possesses high sensitivity and low detection limit of 0.505 mA/pM and 0.28 pM, respectively, under a physiological range of 1–80 pM for fenitrothion (FNT) detection. This paper electrode may be a very promising alternative to ITO, gold and glassy carbon electrodes, which are known to have few uses because of their high cost, fragility, restricted flexibility, and environment concerns. The recommended biosensor's accuracy was well evaluated in two real samples like rice and tomato thereby increasing its suitability for FNT detection in real‐world circumstances.
Substituent Effect on Cytotoxicity and Interaction Profile of DNA/BSA With Selected Terpyridine Derivatives of Ester/Ferrocene and Their Fe(III) and Ru(III) Complexes—A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Pandya Chayan , Sharma Himanshi , Panicker Rakesh R. , Samal Snehasish , Noble Daphne Morrison , Gokulprasanth N. , Mondal Joydip , Pathak Madhvesh , Sivaramakrishna Akella 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present work demonstrates the synthesis of ester and ferrocene groups containing new terpyridine‐based ligands (FRL and RL) and their selected meal complexes FR‐Fe, FR‐Ru, RL‐Fe, and RL‐Ru. Investigations on the influence of the ester and ferrocene groups on binding to DNA/BSA and anticancer activity were carried out. All these products were structurally characterized by using spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Notably, the molecular structures of both the ligands and the ester‐based Fe(III) complex were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, theoretical calculations were employed to further establish the structures of the synthesized ligands and their metal complexes, which were subsequently utilized for molecular docking studies to evaluate their binding potential. The docking results revealed the best binding orientation with the lowest possible binding energy of −10.20 kcal/mol for the RL‐Fe complex with BSA and −8.30 kcal/mol for the FR‐Fe complex with DNA. Furthermore, the binding interactions of all the synthesized compounds were investigated using UV–visible absorption (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FL). The binding sites and binding constants were determined using the Stern‐Volmer equation. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays were performed against lung cancer (A549), liver cancer (Hep G2), and normal Vero cell lines, with results benchmarked against cisplatin. Notably, the ligand (FRL) exhibited significant cytotoxic action with an IC50 of 54.51 μM compared to the related Fe(III) complex (FR‐Fe) (i.e., 69.86 μM) against A549 cells. But the complex FR‐Fe displayed IC50 of 56.19 μM against Hep G2 cells, demonstrating better potency over cisplatin.
Effects of Sedimentation on the Photobiology of Mesophotic Rhodoliths From the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Curbelo‐Fernandez M. P. , Duarte H. M. , Reis E. C. , Rocha I. V. , Reynier M. V. , Silva P. R. , Tâmega F. T. S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMesophotic rhodolith beds are free‐living nongeniculate coralline algae (NGCA) bioconstructions with slow growth rates and massive associated diversity, distributed worldwide along continental shelves. They are subjected to deleterious impacts of sedimentation from natural and anthropogenic sources, which can bury the thalli, causing photosynthetic reduction and impaired gas exchange, among other effects. There have been only a few studies exploring the consequences of smothering and burial, which limit our knowledge of these type of impact. In this study, we evaluated the photosynthetic response and recovery of NGCA under different sedimentation conditions in the laboratory. Experiments were performed considering different loads of natural sediment (medium sand) during continuous burial periods. The Potential (Fv/Fm) and Effective Quantum Yield (ΔF/Fm′) of photosystem II (PSII) and the relative Electron Transport Rate (rETR) were determined using pulse‐amplitude modulated fluorometry as indicators of PSII integrity and photosynthetic activity. PSII functionality (Fv/Fm) was impaired over time under the highest sediment load tested (burial under 100 g of sediment per thallus). However, only 2 days was necessary to recover at least half of the photosynthetic capacity observed in the control samples. This recovery pattern was also supported by ΔF/Fm′ and rETR. Our results illuminated the limits of the resilient behaviour of NGCA to sediment smothering and burial, where long burial periods (2 months) associated with heavy sediment load could cause heavy damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, which can lead to death. However, these organisms could recover after sediment removal. These results provide important information for setting up management strategies to assess the smothering and burial impacts of sediments on rhodoliths.
Harnessing Community Science for Seahorse Population Monitoring: Insights From the iSeahorse Programme in Tampa Bay
Authors: Camins Elsa , Correia Miguel , Vincent Amanda C. J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCommunity science provides a valuable approach for population monitoring, offering benefits such as public engagement, cost‐effectiveness and broad geographic coverage. Seahorses are excellent candidates for community science monitoring because they are iconic and sedentary and because their cryptic nature and patchy distribution hampers formal professional research. We analysed data collected by a non‐profit organization for the iSeahorse programme. Data were collected by community members over a 5‐year period in two locations in Tampa Bay, Florida, using otter trawls and seines. Their data for the two local seahorse species (Hippocampus erectus and Hippocampus zosterae) were valuable in complementing professional science. Densities found in community monitoring were orders of magnitude lower than those found professionally, at least partly because the areas differed. However, sex ratios were similar in both areas, being predominantly female‐biased. Community data on timing of pregnancy confirmed professional findings but also extended the season. Usefully, community science provided the first published torso lengths of H. zosterae anywhere and of H. erectus in Tampa Bay. Beyond the biological, we interviewed the project leaders for their opinions on the programme's impact, challenges and areas for improvement, to give a societal context to the study. It became clear that there should had been more and ongoing communication between the non‐profit organization and the iSeahorse programme during the course of the surveys. Overall, our analysis endorses the strong potential of community science for population monitoring and its complementarity with professional science.
Pre‐ and Postnatal Development Study of Nemolizumab, a Humanized Anti‐Interleukin‐31 Receptor A Monoclonal Antibody, in Cynomolgus Monkey
Authors: Katagiri Ryuichi , Matsuo Saori , Ikegami Hisashi , Kaneko Akihisa , Arima Akihiro , Chiba Shuichi , Sasaki Masanori 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNemolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin‐31 receptor A (IL‐31RA), is used to treat atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. These inflammatory skin diseases affect a wide range of age groups, including pregnant women and children; however, little is known about their biological effects on pre‐ and postnatal development. Therefore, we report and discuss the results of an enhanced pre‐ and postnatal development study in cynomolgus monkeys treated with nemolizumab, which also incorporates an assessment of juvenile toxicities.MethodsNemolizumab was subcutaneously administered at doses of 1 or 25 mg/kg to pregnant cynomolgus monkeys once every 2 weeks (biweekly) from Gestation Day 20 until delivery, to investigate the potential toxicities on pre‐ and postnatal development. Additionally, their offspring were subcutaneously dosed biweekly with 1 or 25 mg/kg from approximately 1 to 7 months after birth to investigate the potential toxicities on juveniles, considering the age of the target patient population. The examination included tests for immune function and nervous system involvement by IL‐31, as well as the standard assessments outlined in the ICH S5 guideline to comprehensively assess the safety profile.ResultsNo nemolizumab‐related toxicities were observed in both dams and offspring up to 25 mg/kg. Maternal plasma nemolizumab concentrations were well maintained during the gestation period, gradually decreasing after delivery. Plasma concentrations in the offspring, higher than in dams, was maintained until scheduled necropsy.ConclusionBlocking IL‐31 signaling with repeated dosing of nemolizumab did not adversely affect pregnancy, parturition, nursing, or postnatal physical and functional development in cynomolgus monkeys.
Prognostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Correlation Study
Authors: Dong Siqi , Liu Xiaoni , Zhou Yanni , Li Jiatong , Qi Zihan , Wang Zihan , Yang Wenbo , Chen Xiangjun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe diagnostic and prognostic values of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), in comparison to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (cNfL), and other clinical parameters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the time of diagnosis remain elusive.MethodsWe examine paired serum and CSF samples from 80 ALS patients and 21 control subjects, all obtained at the time of diagnosis. Additional serum samples were collected from 51 other ALS patients. NfL concentrations were quantified using the single molecule array (Simoa) technique.ResultsOur findings demonstrate a robust correlation between NfL levels in matched CSF and serum samples. Notably, both sNfL (p < 0.0001) and cNfL (p < 0.0001) exhibited significantly elevated levels in ALS patients compared to controls. Furthermore, baseline sNfL concentrations, as well as cNfL levels, emerged as predictive indicators of subsequent disease progression rate (sNfL: p < 0.0001, cNfL: p = 0.0005) and overall survival (sNfL: p = 0.0073, cNfL: p = 0.0044). Employing a Cox regression model, we identified baseline sNfL level (HR = 1.01, p = 0.013), and diagnostic delay (HR = 0.94, p = 0.003) as independent prognostic factors for mortality. Furthermore, we constructed a nomogram model that incorporates both sNfL and pertinent clinical variables, which substantially enhances the accuracy of predicting disease outcomes (Concordance Index, 0.808).ConclusionOur study underscores the robust correlation between sNfL and cNfL in ALS patients and establishes baseline sNfL as a potent and independent prognostic marker for mortality.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Cuproptosis and Photodynamic Synergistic Strategy: A Novel Horizon for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Junrui , Zhang Anren , Guo Yibing , Miao Guoliang , Liang Shengchang , Wang Jie , Wang Junhong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive cancer treatment that works by using light to stimulate the production of excessive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which effectively eliminates tumor cells. However, the therapeutic effects of PDT are often limited by tumor hypoxia, which prevents effective tumor cell elimination. The oxygen (O2) consumption during PDT can further exacerbate hypoxia, leading to post‐treatment adverse events.ObjectivesThis review aims to explore the potential of cuproptosis, a recently discovered copper‐dependent form of programmed cell death, to enhance the anticancer effects of PDT. Cuproptosis is highly dependent on mitochondrial respiration, specifically the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and can increase O2 and ROS levels or decrease glutathione (GSH) levels, thereby improving PDT outcomes.MethodsThe review discusses the latest research advancements in the field, detailing the mechanisms that regulate cuproptosis and PDT. It also explores how nanoparticle (NP)‐based strategies can be used to exploit the synergistic potential between cuproptosis and PDT. The article examines the prospects of synergistic anticancer activity guided by nanodelivery systems, which could overcome the challenges associated with hypoxia in cancer treatment.ConclusionsThe combination of cuproptosis and PDT, facilitated by NP‐based delivery systems, presents a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy. The review concludes by discussing the challenges and future research directions for this combination therapy, highlighting the need for further investigation into the mechanisms and optimization of treatment strategies to improve outcomes in cancer treatment.
Understanding the Dual Role of Macrophages in Tumor Growth and Therapy: A Mechanistic Review
Authors: Summer Muhammad , Riaz Saima , Ali Shaukat , Noor Qudsia , Ashraf Rimsha , Khan Rana Rashad Mahmood 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMacrophages are heterogeneous cells that are the mediators of tissue homeostasis. These immune cells originated from monocytes and are classified into two basic categories, M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages exhibit anti‐tumorous inflammatory reactions due to the behavior of phagocytosis. M2 macrophages or tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have a basic role in tumor progression by interacting with other immune cells in TME. By the expression of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, TAMs lead to strengthening tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and suppression of the immune system which further support invasion and metastasis. This review discusses recent and updated mechanisms regarding tumor progression by M2 macrophages. Moreover, the current therapeutic approaches targeting TAMs, their advantages, and limitations are also summarized, and further treatment approaches are outlined along with an elaboration of the tumor regression role of macrophages. This comprehensive review article possibly helps to understand the mechanisms underlying the tumor progression and regression role of macrophages in a comparative way from a basic level to the advanced one.
Transferring the Social Market Economy to the EC: A New German Methodenstreit
Authors: Dubois Mathieu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe construction of the European social model (the Social Market Economy) is often approached as a gradual compromise between various political forces and currents of economic thought. This article argues that a third decisive factor also needs to be taken into greater account: diplomacy. From a historical perspective, it stresses the importance of reassessing Germany's underestimated role in the spread of liberalism within the European model. It highlights the fundamental method dispute (Methodenstreit) in German European policy from Rom to Maastricht that ended in the choice of a diplomatic strategy based on transferring the German economic and social model to the EC. Using unpublished government sources, it fills a gap between the study of the intellectual origins of the European economic and social model and its institutionalisation within the EU.
On the Influence of Additives and Modifiers on the Chiral HPLC Separation of the Enantiomers of Nicotine
Authors: Ashraf‐Khorassini Mehdi , Coleman William M. , Umstead Weston J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe influence of additives and modifiers on the chiral HPLC separation of the nicotine enantiomers using UV/Vis detection is discussed. Selected alcohols as modifiers and selected amines as additives were found to have a significant effect on the resolution and retention times of nicotine enantiomers even to the point of eliminating component elution. Systematic variations in the concentration of ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol, as modifiers, along with variations in the concentration of diethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, ethylenediamine, isopropylamine, as additives, revealed that the average resolution (R) of the nicotine enantiomers ranged from 2.9 to 7.57, using a mobile phase flow rate of 0.80 mL/min. The average retention times of the nicotine enantiomer pairs ranged from 7.64 and 8.34 min to 13.47 and 14.97 min, with the S(−) enantiomer eluting first. As expected, faster flow rates of 1.0 mL/min reduced retention times by approximately 1–2 min, with a slight decrease in the R values. The %RSD values for both resolution and retention times consistently remained below 2%. The detection limits for the enantiomers were approximately 5 μg/mL. The optimized method successfully detected one part in 100 for the minor R(+) enantiomer in the presence of the dominate S(−) enantiomer and adhered to all established QuEChERS method protocols.
Synthesis of Imidazole Adducts of BH3, BF3, and B3H7 and Comparison of Their Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Activity
Authors: Chang Jia‐Rui , Cao Lei , Jia Sihan , Fang Fei , Fan Zi‐Heng , Pan Qiao‐Jing , Ma Yan‐Na , Chen Xuenian 
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive SummaryN‐Methylimidazole borane adducts were synthesized and their reactivities with different electrophiles after deprotonation were compared. Subsequently, we used the more stable and reactive imidazole adducts with B3H7, a multinuclear borane, to generate various C2, C2 benzyl, and C2,5‐disubstituted imidazole adducts of B3H7 under mild reaction conditions. Some 2,5‐disubstituted imidazole products are usually difficult to synthesize directly from imidazole molecules. Furthermore, the borane moiety of these adducts can be easily removed to obtain the corresponding imidazoles. The higher reactivity of the imidazole adducts of B3H7 compared to their corresponding imidazoles may be attributed to the σ‐aromaticity of B3H7 or mediated by double hydrogen bonds.
An Innovative Performance Assessment Method for Increasing the Efficiency of AODV Routing Protocol in VANETs Through Colored Timed Petri Nets
Authors: Heidari Arash , Jamali Mohammad Ali Jabraeil , Navimipour Nima Jafari 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRouting protocols are pivotal in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), serving as the backbone for efficient routing discovery, particularly within the realm of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, ensuring their seamless functionality within VANET environments necessitates rigorous verification and formal modeling. Colored Timed Petri Nets (CTPNs) stand out as a valuable mathematical and formal method for this purpose. This study shows a new way to describe the Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing system in VANETs using CTPNs. There are nine pages of detailed analysis using this new modeling method, which allows you to examine success across many levels of a hierarchy. This study provides a strong foundation for building and testing the AODV routing system in VANETs, showing how well it functions in real‐life situations. It is interesting to see how the results of the CTPN–based model and simulations compare. Notably, the model finds routes in an average of 32 s, while tests show that it takes 56 s. Additionally, the model's overall number of sent and received packets closely matches the results from the exercise. Furthermore, the suggested plan shows a yield of 41%. Strict T‐tests indicate that the modeling results are highly reliable.
Understanding the Effects of Edge Planes in Porous Carbon: Quantum Capacitance and Electrolyte Behavior in Supercapacitor
Authors: Xu Guipei , Yi Zonglin , Liu Hao , Lai Jiewen , Di Huifang , Lu Yifeng , Huang Hui , Wang Zhenbing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectric double layer capacitors (EDLC) require large specific surface area to provide high power density. The generation of pores increases the electrochemical capacitance with more graphitic edge planes exposed to the electrolyte. Conventional theory believes this increasing in capacitance is owed to the increased specific surface area, but our work uncovers another mechanism. DFT calculations discover the commonly seen defect‐free zigzag and armchair edges can increase the quantum capacitance (CQ) due to their high chemical activity. Meanwhile, high chemical activity makes defect‐free edges interact with electrolyte molecules more easily, leading to the potential reduce of electrolyte stabilization and the change on the origin mechanism of double layer capacitance (CD). Additionally, edges with non‐hexagonal defects show a better balance between high CQ and electrolyte stability. Therefore, our discovery proves the preservation of non‐hexagonal defects in edge planes through possible temperature controlling in heat treatment is important in reaching high electrochemical properties for EDLC.
Reproductive Risk Estimation Calculator for Balanced Translocation Carriers: An Improved Web‐based Resource for Medical Genetics Professionals
Authors: Trunca Carolyn , Mendell Nancy R. , Schilit Samantha L. P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBalanced translocation carriers experience elevated reproductive risks, including pregnancy loss and children with anomalies due to generating chromosomally unbalanced gametes. While understanding the likelihood of producing unbalanced conceptuses is critical for individuals to make reproductive decisions, risk estimates are difficult to obtain as most balanced translocations are unique. To improve reproductive risk estimates, Drs. Trunca and Mendell created models based on a logistic regression analysis of a dataset of over 6000 individuals from over 1000 translocation families. While risk assessments using these models have been offered as a free service for years, this protocol aims to create a sustainable model for genetics professionals to obtain risk estimates for their patients directly. This protocol guides the user through collecting clinical information, using a risk‐generating calculator based on the models, and interpreting the calculator outputs. This version of the protocol has been updated from the initial publication to introduce an additional resource to the community that is intended to improve accessibility and reduce error in calculating risks. In addition to the previously offered custom Java program, a web‐based calculator that calculates age‐adjusted miscarriage risks is now available. A practice tutorial is provided for both versions of the calculator to ensure competency in interpretation prior to use. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Estimation of reproductive risks for balanced translocation carriersBasic Protocol 2: Practical examples of typical patient encounters with instructive interpretations