bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bowel injury as a complication of laparoscopy
Authors: van der Voort M , Heijnsdijk E A M , Gouma D J 
Published: September 2004

Abstract

Background
Bowel injury is a rare but serious complication of laparoscopic surgery. This review examines the incidence, location, time of diagnosis, causative instruments, management and mortality of laparoscopy-induced bowel injury.

Methods
The review was carried out using the MeSH browser within PubMed. The keywords used were ‘laparoscopy/adverse effects’ and ‘bowel perforation’. Additional articles were sourced from references within the studies found in the PubMed search.

Results
The incidence of laparoscopy-induced gastrointestinal injury was 0·13 per cent (430 of 329 935) and of bowel perforation 0·22 per cent (66 of 29 532). The small intestine was most frequently injured (55·8 per cent), followed by the large intestine (38·6 per cent). In at least 66·8 per cent of bowel injuries the diagnosis was made during the laparoscopy or within 24 h thereafter. A trocar or Veress needle caused the most bowel injuries (41·8 per cent), followed by a coagulator or laser (25·6 per cent). In 68·9 per cent of instances of bowel injury, adhesions or a previous laparotomy were noted. Management was mainly by laparotomy (78·6 per cent). The mortality rate associated with laparoscopy-induced bowel injury was 3·6 per cent.

Conclusion
At 0·13 per cent, the incidence of laparoscopy-induced bowel injury is small and such injury is usually discovered during the operation. Nevertheless, laparoscopy-induced bowel injury is associated with a high mortality rate of 3·6 per cent.
Empirically informed approaches to topics in suicide risk assessment
Authors: Wingate LaRicka R. , Joiner Thomas E. , Walker Rheeda L. , Rudd M. David , Jobes David A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to approach topics in suicide risk assessment from a scientifically informed standpoint. We summarize and elaborate a general framework for an empirically supported best practice recommendation in evaluating suicide potential and minimizing risk. This risk assessment framework provides a concise heuristic for assessment of suicidal symptoms, points the way to relatively routinized clinical decision‐making and activity, and is compatible with best practices relevant to the legalities of suicide risk assessment. Having established a general and scientifically based framework for risk assessment, we go on to address the other questions noted above, with reference to the framework and to our ongoing scientific work. We conclude by summarizing all the work and providing clear and concise clinical recommendations based thereon. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Legal issues of professional negligence in suicide cases
Authors: Packman Wendy L. , O'Connor Pennuto Tracy , Bongar Bruce , Orthwein Jennifer 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSuicide is the eleventh leading cause of death, accounting for almost 30,000 deaths each year in the United States. The loss of a patient to suicide is the most feared outcome among mental health professionals, while the fear of litigation and liability after such suicide may be a close second. This article will familiarize mental health professionals with the legal issues of professional negligence in suicide cases. We begin with an introduction to malpractice liability for suicidal patients, followed by an explanation of the essential elements of professional negligence and relevant legal terminology. We then discuss general theories of liability involving suicide, and provide illustrative legal case examples. We conclude with a discussion of risk management procedures that can substantially reduce one's exposure to malpractice liability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imagine Chicago: a methodology for cultivating community
Authors: Browne Bliss W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article presents a historical overview of Imagine Chicago—an approach to community development initiated by the author. Questions central to the original initiative are outlined, as are the major steps that were taken and why. The process involved generative dialogues between multiple community groups/interests described as ‘intergenerational’ learning communities. Appreciative Inquiry—an approach many regard as social constructionist—provided orienting principles and practices and the basis for practical projects in which participants developed organizing skills and worked on achievable outcomes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering Model of a Nonisobaric Heavily Laden Gas‐Particle Jet
Authors: Eskin D. , Voropayev S. , Hubert M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn axisymmetrical model of a rapid nonisobaric heavily laden gas‐particle jet is developed. The model is based on the general functions for both axial and radial pressure distributions, which were discovered by a numerical study of rapid gas‐particle jets by the CFD code. The model equations were solved analytically. The results obtained by the model developed are in good agreement with those computed by the CFD code for a wide range of flow parameters.
Kinetics of Photocatalyzed Gas Reactions Using Titanium Dioxide as the Catalyst Part II: Photocatalyzed Total Oxidation of Alkanes with Oxygen
Authors: Haeger A. , Kleinschmidt O. , Hesse D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn order to obtain a useful expression for the kinetics of the photocatalyzed total oxidation reaction of alkanes with oxygen and TiO2 as the catalyst, the dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of the starting material species, the absorbed irradiation intensity, the wavelength of the light and the temperature was investigated. The experiments were performed in a CSTR system. The rate law found for alkane oxidation differs from that obtained for olefin oxidation due to a different reaction mechanism. While a reversible catalyst deactivation process takes place in the latter case, there is no hint of such a process during alkane oxidation. The kinetic data lead to the conclusion that the formation of an alkane and a hydrogen‐radical at a defect site of the catalyst is the first step in the total oxidation reaction of these species followed by the formation of a stronger adsorbed hydroperoxide species. The subsequent transformation of the hydroperoxide into further oxidized species mediated by the electron‐hole pairs generated by the absorbed light on the semiconductor's surface was recognized to be the rate determining step. The reaction behavior for the investigated alkanes could be modeled using this concept with the exception of methane. Its rate law differs strongly from that found for ethane, propane as well as iso‐butane.
A Rigorous Model for Annular Chromatography
Authors: Brozio J. , Bart H.‐J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractModeling of annular chromatography is refined to incorporate the influence of axial and annular dispersion. Annular and axial dispersion coefficients are measured simultaneously in an annular chromatograph using an experimental technique based on the introduction of a non‐adsorbable tracer. The annular dispersion coefficient is found to be one order of magnitude lower than the axial one. Nevertheless, annular dispersion has a more pronounced effect on total dispersion when steep concentration profiles are present. A criterion to judge whether annular dispersion is negligible is developed. If the circumferential velocity is at least 0.88 times higher than the interstitial velocity, lateral dispersion can be omitted. Based on this criterion it can be concluded that the impact of annular dispersion decreases with the radius of the annulus. Therefore, it is preferable to build annular chromatographs with a large radius and a thin annulus rather than using a small radius and a thick annulus.
Use of Chelating Ligands to Tune the Reactive Site of Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium(II)–Arene Anticancer Complexes
Authors: Fernández Rafael , Melchart Michael , Habtemariam Abraha , Parsons Simon , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe show that the chelating ligand XY in RuIIanticancer complexes of the type [Ru(η6‐arene)(XY)Cl]n+has a major influence on the rate and extent of aquation, the pKaof the aqua adduct, and the rate and selectivity of binding to nucleobases. Replacement of neutral ethylenediamine (en) by anionic acetylacetonate (acac) as the chelating ligand increases the rate and extent of hydrolysis, the pKaof the aqua complex (from 8.25 to 9.41 for arene=p‐cymene), and changes the nucleobase specificity. For the complexes containing the hydrogen‐bond donor en, there is exclusive binding to N7 of guanine in competitive nucleobase reactions, and in the absence of guanine, binding to cytosine or thymine but not to adenine. In contrast, when XY is the hydrogen‐bond acceptor acac, the overall affinity for adenosine (N7 and N1 binding) is comparable to that for guanosine, but there is little binding to cytidine or thymidine.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Mechanism of Action of the Mannich α′‐Bases of α‐Arylidenecyclohex(pent)anones, α‐Arylcyclohexanones, and Their Deoxobisaryl‐Substituted Cyclohex(pent)ene Analogues.
Authors: Zhao Kejun , Wang YongFeng , Li Dan , Tisdail Michael J. , Zhao Linxiang , Ji Zhizhong , Schwalbe Carl H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines Based on Diastereoselective Parham Cyclization and α‐Amidoalkylation Reactions.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Temprano Ines , Osante Inaki , Lete Esther , Sotomayor Nuria 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[4,3‐e]‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidines and Related Heterocycles.
Authors: Baraldi Pier Giovanni , El‐Kashef Hussein , Farghaly Abdel‐Rahman , Vanelle Patrice , Fruttarolo Francesca 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coordination of the Trost Modular Ligand to Palladium Allyl Fragments: Oligomers, Monomers, and Memory Effects in Catalysis
Authors: Lloyd‐Jones Guy C. , Stephen Susanna C. , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Martorell Aina , Dominguez Beatriz , Tomlin Paula M. , Murray Martin , Fernandez Jesus M. , Jeffery John C. , Riis‐Johannessen Thomas , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Stability in the Systems AeAl2‐xMgx (Ae: Ca, Sr, Ba): Electron Concentration and Size Controlled Variations in the Laves Phase Structural Theme.
Authors: Amerioun Shahrad , Yokosawa Tadahiro , Lidin Sven , Haeussermann Ulrich 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nonaqueous and Halide‐Free Route to Crystalline BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Nanoparticles via a Mechanism Involving C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Niederberger Markus , Garnweitner Georg , Pinna Nicola , Antonietti Markus 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α‐Enones in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 1. Classical Synthetic and Environmentally Friendly Synthetic Approaches to Alkyl and Acyl Azoles and Azines.
Authors: Al‐Shiekh Mariam A. , El‐Din Abdellatif M. Salah , Hafez Ebtisam A. , Elnagdi Mohamed H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zn(II)/Amine‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Alkylidenemalonates with Propargyl Alcohol: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Methylenetetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Nakamura Masaharu , Liang Chungen , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Y‐Shaped Two‐Photon Absorbing Molecules with an Imidazole—Thiazole Core
Authors: Feng Ke , De Boni Leonardo , Misoguti Lino , Mendonca C. R. , Meador Michael , Hsu Fu‐Lian , Bu Xiu R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Thrombin Inhibitors Incorporating Weakly Basic Heterobicyclic P1‐Arginine Mimetics: Optimization via Modification of P1 and P3 Moieties.
Authors: Kranjc Andreja , Peterlin‐Masic Lucija , Ilas Janez , Prezelj Andrej , Stegnar Mojca , Kikelj Danijel 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4,5‐Diarylquinazolines: A System with Cofacial Aromatic Rings. Diazines. Part 39.
Authors: Busch Alexandrine , Gautheron‐Chapoulaud Valerie , Audoux Jerome , Ple Nelly , Turck Alain 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Hydroxyethylamine Isosteres via Chiral Sulfoxide Chemistry.
Authors: Pesenti Cristina , Arnone Alberto , Arosio Paolo , Frigerio Massimo , Meille Stefano V. , Panzeri Walter , Viani Fiorenza , Zanda Matteo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Geometric algebra and transition‐selective implementations of the controlled‐NOT gate
Authors: Havel Timothy F. , Somaroo Shyamal S. , Zhang Wurong , Cory David G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGeometric algebra provides a complete set of simple rules for the manipulation of product operator expressions at a symbolic level, without any explicit use of matrices. This approach can be used not only to describe the state and evolution of a spin system, but also to derive the effective Hamiltonian and associated propagator in full generality. In this article, we illustrate the use of geometric algebra via a detailed analysis of transition‐selective implementations of the controlled‐NOT gate, which plays a key role in NMR‐based quantum information processing. In the appendices, we show how one can also use geometric algebra to derive tight bounds on the magnitudes of the errors associated with these implementations of the controlled‐NOT. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 23A: 49–62, 2004
Influence of the preparation route on the optical properties of dosimetric phosphors based on rare‐earth doped polycrystalline strontium borates
Authors: Lavat A. , Graselli C. , Santiago M. , Pomarico J. , Caselli E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMost of commercial dosimetric phosphors consist of suitably doped polycrystalline compounds. Whereas the activation issue has been usually addressed, less attention has been paid to the influence of host preparation in the final perfomance of the products. In this paper different routes have been followed to synthesise phosphors based on rare‐earth doped strontium borates. The structural and optical properties of the materials have been given special consideration. Finally, thermoluminescence glow curves have been recorded in order to assess which of the preparation routes yields the most efficient compound. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal growth and characterization of the CdGaCrSe(4‐X)S(X) system
Authors: Sagredo V. , Betancourt L. , de Chalbaud L. M. , Delgado G. E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSingle‐crystal of the CdGaCrSe(4‐X)S(X) system (x = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4) were grown by the chemical vapour‐phase transport technique. The crystals were obtaine by using CdCl2 as transporting agent for the composition with x = 1, and CrCl3 for those with x = 0; 2; 3 and 4. X‐ray powder diffraction analysis indicated that some of the samples crystallizes in the tetragonal system with space group I‐4 (CdGaCrSe3S , x = 1; CdGaCrSe2S2 , x = 2), or in a cubic system with space group Fd‐3m (CdGaCrSeS3, x = 3; CdGaCrS4, x = 4), however the sample of CdGaCrSe4 (x = 0) crystallizes in rhombohedral system. Magnetic measurements show significant changes in the magnetic interactions behaviour probably due to the anionic substitutions. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel approach to enable decorrelating multiuser detection without matrix inversion operations
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Hwa , Wu Chi‐Feng 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a non‐matrix inversion based algorithm to implement decorrelating detection (DD), namely quasi‐decorrelating detector (QDD), which uses truncated matrix series expansion to overcome the problems associated with the matrix inversion in DD, such as noise enhancement, computational complexity and matrix singularity, etc. Two alternative QDD implementation schemes are presented in this paper; one is to use multi‐stage feedforward filters and the other is to use an nth order single matrix filter (neither of which involves matrix inversion). In addition to significantly reduced computational complexity if compared with DD, the QDD algorithm offers a unique flexibility to trade among MAI suppression, near‐far resistance and noise enhancement depending on varying system set‐ups. The obtained results show that the QDD outperforms DD in either AWGN or multipath channel if a proper number of feed‐forward stages can be used. We will also study the impact of correlation statistics of spreading codes on the QDD's performance with the help of a performance‐determining factor derived in the paper, which offers a code‐selection guideline for the optimal performance of QDD algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time reproduction in finger tapping tasks by children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or dyslexia
Authors: C. Tiffin‐Richards Margaret , Hasselhorn Marcus , Richards Michael L. , Banaschewski Tobias , Rothenberger Aribert 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAim: Deficits in timing and sequencing behaviour in children with dyslexia and with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder have already been identified. However many studies have not controlled for comorbidity between dyslexia and ADHD. This study investigated timing performance of children with either dyslexia or ADHD, or ADHD + dyslexia or unaffected children using a finger‐tapping paradigm.Method: Four groups of children (ADHD × Dyslexia) with a total of 68 children were compared using a four factorial design with two between‐subject factors (ADHD (yes/no), dyslexia (yes/no)) and two within‐subject factors, inter‐stimulus interval (263, 500, 625, 750, 875 and 1000 ms) and tapping condition (free tapping, synchronous tapping, and unpaced tapping). In addition the complexity of rhythm reproduction pattern (unpaced tapping) was varied (simple/complex).Results: No significant differences were found either in the ability of the ADHD or the dyslexia groups to sustain a self‐chosen free tapping rate or to generate a stable inter‐response interval either by synchronising to a signal or in reproducing a given interval without the previous pacing signal. Response averages showed the expected asynchrony and variability. In rhythm pattern reproduction the groups did not differ significantly in their ability to reproduce rhythms. However, a significant two way interaction effect between dyslexia and complexity was apparent indicating that the difference in levels of performance for simple versus complex rhythms was more pronounced for dyslexia than for the two other groups.Conclusion: The results indicate that motor timing ability in the millisecond range below 1000 ms in children with ADHD and/or dyslexia is intact. The performance of the comorbid group was revealed to be similar to the performance of the single disorder groups, but both the dyslexic groups were relatively worse than either the ADHD‐only or the unimpaired group at reproducing complex versus simple rhythms. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conceptual model for determining soil erosion by water
Authors: Parsons Anthony J. , Wainwright John , Mark Powell D. , Kaduk Jörg , Brazier Richard E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCurrent estimates of rates of soil erosion by water derived from plots are incompatible with estimates of long‐term lowering of large drainage basins. Traditional arguments to reconcile these two disparate rates are ﬂawed. The ﬂux of sediment leaving a speciﬁed area cannot be converted to a yield simply by dividing by the area, because there is no simple relationship between ﬂux and area. Here, we develop an approach to the determination of erosion rates that is based upon the entrainment rates and travel distances of individual particles. The limited available empirical data is consistent with the predictions of this approach. Parameterization of the equations to take account of such factors as gradient and sediment supply is required to proceed from the conceptual framework to quantitative measurements of erosion. However, our conceptual model solves the apparent paradox of the sediment delivery ratio, resolves recent discussion about the validity of erosion rates made using USLE erosion plots, and potentially can reconcile erosion rates with known lifespans of continents. Our results imply that previous estimates of soil erosion are fallacious. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of dense gas flows on unstructured grids with an implicit high resolution upwind Euler solver
Authors: Colonna P. , Rebay S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe study of the dense gas flows which occur in many technological applications demands for fluid dynamic simulation tools incorporating complex thermodynamic models that are not usually available in commercial software. Moreover, the software mentioned can be used to study very interesting phenomena that usually go under the name of ‘non‐classical gasdynamics’, which are theoretically predicted for high molecular weight fluids in the superheated region, close to saturation. This paper presents the numerical methods and models implemented in a computer code named zFlow which is capable of simulating inviscid dense gas flows in complex geometries. A detailed description of the space discretization method used to approximate the Euler equations on unstructured grids and for general equations of state, and a summary of the thermodynamic functions required by the mentioned formulation are also given. The performance of the code is demonstrated by presenting two applications, the calculation of the transonic flow around an airfoil computed with both the ideal gas and a complex equation of state and the simulation of the non‐classical phenomena occurring in a supersonic flow between two staggered sinusoidal blades. Non‐classical effects are simulated in a supersonic flow of a siloxane using a Peng–Robinson‐type equation of state. Siloxanes are a class of substances used as working fluids in organic Rankine cycles turbines. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D nearly orthogonal mesh generation
Authors: Zhang Yaoxin , Jia Yafei , Wang Sam S. Y. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe Ryskin and Leal (RL) system is the most widely used mesh generation system for the orthogonal mapping. However, when this system is used in domains with complex geometry, particularly in those with sharp corners and strong curvatures, serious distortion or overlapping of mesh lines may occur and an acceptable solution may not be possible. In the present study, two methods are proposed to generate nearly orthogonal meshes with the smoothness control. In the first method, the original RL system is modified by introducing smoothness control functions, which are formulated through the blending of the conformal mapping and the orthogonal mapping; while in the second method, the RL system is modified by introducing the contribution factors. A hybrid system of both methods is also developed. The proposed methods are illustrated by several test examples. Applications of these methods in a natural river channel are demonstrated. It is shown that the modified RL systems are capable of producing meshes with an adequate balance between the orthogonality and the smoothness for complex computational domains without mesh distortions and overlapping. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.