bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spraying with Different Concentration of Pyridoxine (Vit B6) and Planting Dates on Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Alaamer Shathar A. , Alsharifi Salih K. Alwan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out to study the response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivar (Local Red) to planting dates, and pyridoxine concentration (Vit B6) levels on growth, yield and its components characters and its interactions. 1. It could be concluded from this study that sowing dates had a significant effect on all yield and components characters. The highest values of all yield and its components characters were obtained from planting date (20 July). The results showed a plant length of 163.66 and 167.27 cm, number of pods plant of 69.16 and 71.97 pod.plant-1, plant vigor index of 65.60 and 73.43 cm, 1000-grain weight of 4.497 and 5.155 g’grains yield of 1.046 and 1.155 t.ha-1, for 10 July and 20 July’respectively2.. Increasing pyridoxine concentration (Vit B6) levels up to (150 B6mg.l-1) significantly increased all yield and components characters, were recorded 170.23 cm, 72.17 pod.plant-1, 72.02 cm, 5.162 g and 1.265 t.ha-1 respectively, under the same conditions for 0 and 100 B6mg.l-1. 3. Increasing seed oil content % and seed crude protein content %, when planting date (20 July) and pyridoxine concentration (Vit B6) levels up to (150 B6mg.l-1).
Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis in Reducing Geotrichum candidum Toxicology in the White Rat Biological Systems
Authors: Al-Faham Akram M. Y. , Ali Sadeq M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the presence of Bacillus subtilis in the food dosed to laboratory rats to reduce the effect of G. candidum and its secretions of phenols on the rats’ health indicated by some chemical and biological blood variables. The experiment was conducted using 24 Rattus norvegicus adult male rats randomly divided into 8 groups 3 rats each. As treatments were; untreated control, dosing with 1 ml/Kg of Dimethyl Sulfoxide, pure orange juice, G. candidum infected juice, 1 ml B. subtilis+ 1 ml G. candidum infected juice, 60 mg/Kg fungal phenol, 1 ml B. subtilis+ 60 mg/Kg fungal phenol, or 1 ml B. subtilis. The results showed that dosing experimental rats with orange juice extracted from the orange parts infected with G. candidum, or dosing with phenols extracted from the fungus growth medium, led to a significant increase in blood variables including the numbers of WBC, GOT and GPT enzymes, and levels of blood urea. these two treatments also led to a significant decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and blood content of protein. Whereas, the same treatments in the presence of B. subtilis maintained the values of all indicators under study within the normal limits close to control, and no negative effect was detected due to dosing with bacteria alone compared to the dosing with healthy juice.
Efficiency of some Biological and Chemical Agents in Controlling Common Scab Disease in Potatoes Caused by Streptomyces scabies
Authors: Rokan Yasmeen T. , Abed Jasim M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out at the University of Anbar - College of Agriculture - Department of Plant Protection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using biological and chemical control agents such as Azotobacter chroococcum, Glomus mosseae and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 in controlling common scab disease on potatoes caused by Streptomyces spp. A study of its effect on reducing the severity of disease, evidence of scabies, and some studied parameters such as plant speed, plant diameter, plant diameter, and stem diameter Azotobacter chroococcum was superior to the rest of the treatments in reducing the percentage of infection severity and the percentage of evidence of scab, which amounted to (16.90 and 24.000), respectively, and an increase in the growth parameters of the crop, the speed of emergence, the height of the plant, the number of aerial stems, the diameter of the stem, the yield of one plant, and the total yield in tons, which amounted to (2.667%,41.111 6.000, 4.900, 1227.67, 7.00).
Efficiency of Gibberellic Acid and some Modern Insecticides in Control Earias Insulana (Bosid)
Authors: Jarmat Elaf Hassan Ali , Kazem Sabiha Hassoun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the Al-Mashroo area / Al-Hamzawi, affiliated to Al-Musayyib district, located 35 km north of Babylon, in order to know the effect of bio-fertilizer and pesticide spraying on potato yield and its quality traits under the influence of different irrigation periods. The experiment was conducted according to a split-split plot design within the (Randomized Complete Block Design) RCBD with three replicates. The experiment included three factors, the first factor is the irrigation periods (5, 7, and 9) days, which represent the main plots. The second factor is biofertilizer with three levels (control treatment without adding CO, inoculation treatment with rhizobia R, inoculation treatment with mycorrhizal M) and the sub-plots are represented. The third factor is metribuzin with four levels (no addition of CO, pre-emergence, post-emergence, late post-emergence) and the sub-sub plots are represented. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the pre-emergence and post-emergence treatments were significantly superior in the number of stems, chlorophyll content in leaves and leaf area, and the fertilizer treatment (Myco) and chlorophyll content in leaves were excelled, and the number of leaves reached (23.06 and 24.66 SPAD, 28.10 and 29.15 (leaf.plant-1) The irrigation treatment every 7 days was significantly excelled in the number of leaves and leaf area (30.25 and 31.35 leaf.plant-1, 193.5 and 195.5 cm2). (28.3 and 3.53 stem.plant-1 and 3.58 and 3.88 stem.plant-1, 36.77 and 35.97 leaf.plant-1 and 37.77 and 37.68 leaf.plant-1, 219.2.224.4 cm2 and 215.5 and 227.1 cm2) and the bi-interaction between Irrigation periods and biofertilizer had a significant effect and the 7-day Myco × interaction was superior in the number of stems, number of leaves and leaf area (3.34 and 3.76 stems. plant-1, 32.40 and 33.65 leaves. plant-1, 216.3 and 219.0 cm2) and the two-way interaction between the two pesticides was The biofertilizer had a significant effect, and the interaction of post × Myco was excelled in the number of stems (3.24 and 3.78 stems. plant-1). -1, 268.6 and 271.8 cm2).
Isolation and Diagnosis of the Bacterium Pectobacterium Caratovorium, the Causative Agent of Soft Rot Disease on Potatoes, Macroscopically and Biochemically
Authors: Nawar Haider H. , Al-Juboory Hurria H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to isolate the bacterium Pectobacterium sp., the causal agent of soft rot disease on potato tubers, and to test its pathogenicity on potato tuber slices. It was also aimed to diagnose it macroscopically and biochemically to the species level. The isolation results showed that 40 bacterial isolates were obtained from potato stems, tubers, and soils collected from potato cultivation fields and storage facilities for the 2021 agricultural season from the areas of Yusufiyah, Radwaniyah, Abu Ghraib, Taji, Madaen, and Alwa Jamila. The results of the pathogenicity test for 40 isolates on potato slices showed that they had different pathogenicity in damaging potato slices, with three isolates (Pc1, Pc4, and Pc11) significantly outperforming the remaining isolates and the control treatment. The three isolates (Pc1, Pc4, and Pc11) were diagnosed to the species level based on morphological characteristics, ability to grow on some selective and differential media, and biochemical reactions as Pectobacterium carotovorum. The microscopic examination of samples from bacterial growth showed short rod-shaped cells, single or paired, negative for Gram staining, and motile. The biochemical reaction results showed that they had the ability to hydrolyze artificial pectin and reduce sucrose, were negative for oxidase test, methyl red test, Fox-Proskauer test, and phenylalanine deaminase test, and positive for free oxygen test, tolerance to salinity, production of ammonia from peptone, production of gas from glucose, hydrolysis of starch, ability to consume simple sugars, hydrolysis of gelatin, and ability to grow at 38°C.
Evaluation of some Environmentally Friendly Chemical Preparations in the Control of the Cotton Spiny Nut (Baisd) (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae) Earias insulana
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Hussain Ali Mtashar , Ahmed Zyiad Shhaab 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted on a farm belonging to Salah Al-Din Province, Al-Dujail District, Al-Sheikh Jamil District, for the season 2021. The study aimed to study the efficiency of the growth regulator Kinetin alone or in combination with insect growth regulators Runner, Match, and Matric in the resistance of the cotton spiny worm (Baisd) Earias insulana on the cotton plant Gossypium barbadense L. Coker class 310, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in the study. Where the study included the use of the plant growth regulator, Kinetin, at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 mg L-1, and the second, some types of insect growth regulators, namely Runner at a concentration of 1 ml L-1, Matric at a concentration of 0.5 ml L-1, and Match at a concentration of 0.5 ml L-1. The plant growth regulator kinetin plays an effective role in influencing the activity of the enzyme catalase in the leaves and bracts of cotton plants. Where the concentration of 200 mg L-1 contributed to increasing the activity rate of the catalase enzyme in leaves and bracts, reaching 22.28 and 19.68 enzyme absorption units g-1 fresh weight. The interaction treatment between the matrix growth regulator and 200 mg L-1-Kinetin excelled in reducing the infection rate, reaching 6.43% at the first spray after 15 days of treatment during the first field spray and 9.95% after 15 days of field treatment after the second spray.
Effect of Foliar Spraying with Methyl Jasmonate on Growth and Production of some Cardiac Glycosides of Digitalis purpurea L. Under Water Stress
Authors: Abboud Mervat Najem Fakhri , Saeed Abdul Kareem A.J. Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses affiliated to Baquba Nursery Research Station Center / Diyala Agriculture Directorate during autumn season of the year 2021-2022, to study the effect of methyl Jasmonate on the growth and production of some cardiac glycosides of Digitalis purpurea under water stress. A factorial experiment (2 × 3 × 3) was conducted according to the RCBD, with three replicates, and the results of the experiment were as follows: The results of the experiment indicated that there was a significant effect of the treatments for the irrigation periods, as the irrigation treatment every three days showed a significantly excelled in the percentage of nitrogen (2.04%), the percentage of phosphorus (0.51%) and the percentage of potassium (2.31%) The percentage of carbohydrates in the leaves was (8.02%). As for the irrigation treatment every seven days, the best results were recorded in the proline content in the leaves (0.31 mg gm-1), digitoxin content (441.81 μg g -1), and digoxin content (649.83 μg g-1) and Gitaloxin content (900.22 μg g-1) and Digitalin content (815.64 μg g-1). The results showed that there was a significantly excelled when spraying Methyl Jasmonate at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 in the percentage of nitrogen (1.88%), the percentage of phosphorus (0.43%), the percentage of potassium (2.22%) and the percentage of carbohydrates in the leaves (6.81%). Leaves proline content (0.30 μg g-1), digitoxin content (421.52 μg g-1), digoxin content (592.37 μg g-1), Gitaloxin content (885.05 μg g-1), and digitalin content (665.49 μg g-1). The results of the binary interactions between the study factors indicated a significant effect in improving most of the biochemical treatments and the production of cardiac glycosides of the digitalis plant, and the interaction treatments Ir3 × Mj100 excelled in recording the best results.
The Effect of Organic Amendments and Minerals on Increasing Soil Fertility (A review )
Authors: Hasan Ali Abd ALameer , Aubied Imad Ali , Al-Taey Duraid K. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sustainable agriculture emphasizes the maintenance and improvement of soil, water, and biodiversity reserves. Cover cropping, conservation tillage, and agroforestry are all examples of soil conservation practices that serve to reduce soil erosion, preserve soil fertility, and enhance soil health. Organic additions and minerals can help the soil produce grapes. Organic fertilizers and minerals can boost grape soil productivity. Organic additions improve physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. These chemicals include a lot of natural nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. Organic additions include compost, manure, and cover crops. Organic grape additions have many benefits. They improve soil structure and porosity, improving root growth and water penetration. Organic additives promote soil fertility through improving water, nutrient, and other element retention. Minerals may improve soil fertility as much as organics. Minerals are essential to plant growth. Minerals include calcium, magnesium, and sulphur. Magnesium creates chlorophyll for photosynthesis, whereas calcium builds strong cells. Proteins and amino acids, necessary to plant growth, require sulphur. Organic additions and minerals boost grape soil fertility. These compounds improve soil structure, nutrient absorption, and root growth, increasing grape yields and vine health. Remember that minerals and organic additions differ. It’s important to use high-quality materials that meet your soil and crop needs because these resources differ in quality and nutrition. Organic additions and minerals boost grape soil fertility. These compounds improve soil structure, nutrient absorption, and root growth, increasing grape yields and vine health. High-quality merchandise and expert agriculture assistance usually provide the best yields.
Effect of Humic Acid, Organic Nitrogen and Thidiazuron Spray on Growth and Yield Characteristics of Pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) cv.Le-Conte
Authors: Hathal Nisreen M. , Al-Hayany Ali M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out on 5-yrs old Pear trees cv.Le-Conte), grown in a private orchard located at Otomaniyah area, Diyala Governorate, Iraq during 2019 growing season to study the effect of Humic Acid (0 and 1%), Organic Nitrogen (0 and 1%) and Thidiazuron (0,7.5 and 15 mg l-1) Spray on Growth and Yield Characteristics of Pear trees. Three replicates and one tree per experimental unit were utilized in a factorial experiment with three factors (2×2×3) using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data analysis was performed with the use of ready-made program and the Duncan’s multiple range test with 0.05 probability. The solutions were sprayed three times ( 20 march, 10 April, and 10 may ). The results showed that TDZ spray gave a significant effect through improving most of the studied traits as leaf area, leaves nitrogen, and potassium content (%), fruit weight, fruit flesh total titratable acidity, and total soluble solids (TSS %) of fruit juice.
Influence of Bio, Nano and Conventional Fertilizers on the Growth Features of a French Black Grape Variety
Authors: Al-Waeli Nour Hamid Jaafar , Al-Janabi Ali Saeed Attia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A French black grape cultivar was tested in a Babylon province/Al-Hamzah Al-Gharbi district private orchard using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) three-factor factorial configuration. The first is applying biofertilizer, which includes Bacillus megaterium and Mycorrhiza glomus fungus, to the soil at two concentrations (0 and 10 ml L-1), the second is applying liquid organic fertilizer at three concentrations (0, 15, and 30 ml L-1), and the third is applying organic fertilizer via foliar spraying. Nanofluid concentrations will be 0.1 and 3 ml L-1 in 2020 and 2021. Most biofertilization vegetative growth metrics showed that excelled in the leaf area per cluster was 9.42 cm cluster-1 in both seasons, while organic nano-fertilization at 3 ml L-1 boosted most vegetative growth indicators. Most vegetative development metrics responded significantly to bidirectional research parameter interactions, the bi-interaction between organic nano-fertilizer at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 and organic fertilizer at a concentration of 30 ml L-1 significantly affected the leaf area, the total leaf area, and the leaves’ content of total chlorophyll. 10 ml L-1 biofertilizer and 30 ml L-1 organic fertilizer achieved the heist values in leaf area, total leaf area, and leaf content. The interaction between the bio fertilizer at a dosage of 10 ml L-1 and the organic nano fertilizer at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 considerably altered the content of total chlorophyll in leaves.
Effect of Spraying with Humic Acid and Active Yeast Suspension on the Growth Indicators and Active Substances of Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: Essaa Wageeha M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of spraying C. officinalis L. with Humic acid and active yeast suspension on growth indicators for both the vegetative and floral stages of development. Humic acid was sprayed on the plants in varying quantities (0, 2, or 4 g) in a factorial experiment with 9 treatments (two factors overlapped). and a suspension of live yeast at 3, 6, or 0 mg/L-1, and the treatment consisted of three sprays, with a 15-day gap between each application. Using a Factorial Experiment with three replicates and three plants per experimental unit, I compared means at the 5% probability level using the Revised Least Significant Differences (R.L.S.D.) test. The most significant findings, in her opinion, are as follows: Humic acid spraying at a dosage of 4 mg/L-1. While this concentration greatly slowed flowering, L-1 significantly increased plant height, number of lateral branches, percentage of dry matter of shoot, number of flowers, number of petals, flower diameter, flower stand length, and percentage of dry matter in flowers. The greatest concentration, 6 mg.L-1, was achieved through spraying with an active yeast suspension. Although this concentration greatly slowed flowering enhanced plant height, lateral branching, leaf count, flower count, petal count, flower diameter, and floral dry matter percentage. There was a statistically significant impact on all attributes measured by the binary interactions.
Response of Rose Growth and Flowering to NPK and Potassium Silicates Application and Spraying with Magnesium
Authors: Jawad Rana Moussa , Khalil Nazik H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in a lath house, Dept. Of Hort. and Landscape, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. Baghdad, Al-Jadriya during 2022 growing season to investigate influence of mineral fertilizers NPK, potassium silicate and spraying with magnesium (Disper Mg) on some vegetative growth characteristics and flowering of one year’s old of Wiener Charme rose cultivar. Factors of study experiment included addition of two levels of mineral fertilizers NPK (without addition (C0) and 5 g.transplant-1 (C100), while potassium silicate was added with three levels; without added (S0), adding at 200 mg.L-1 (S200) and adding at 300 mg.L-1 (S300), As for magnesium fertilizer treatments, they were sprayed in three levels (0, 7.5, and 15 g.L-1), which are denoted by symbols M0, M7.5, and M15, respectively. Treatments were replicated three times (four plants in experimental unit) at factorial experiment in a RCBD and thus number of plants used was 216 plants. The experimental results showed that chemical fertilizers at 5 g.L-1(C100) significantly increased in plant height of 16.24 cm, leaf nitrogen content of 1.287 %, leaf phosphor content of 0.349 %, flowers number of 17.64 flower.plant-1 and floral stem length of 20.33 cm. Results also showed that potassium silicate application, showed significant superiority in increased in plant height of 18.66 cm, leaf nitrogen content of 1.286 %, leaf phosphor content of 0.374 %, flowers number of 17.25 flower.plant-1 and floral stem length of 20.04 cm. Magnesium spray especially spraying at 15 g.L-1 excelled in increasing of plant height of 16.07 cm, leaf nitrogen content of 1.289 %, leaf phosphor content of 0.367 %, flowers number of 17.08 flower.plant-1 and floral stem length of 20.62 cm. Twice and triple interactions between study factors significantly affected in all studied traits.
Molecular and Phenotypic Markers from Many Okra Genotypes were Used to Estimate the Genetic and Phenotypic Distances
Authors: Habib Maha M. , Al-Jubouri Kadhim D. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the spring of 2021 in an open field in the Al-Mahmudiya district/Baghdad to study the genetic and phenotypic distance of a number of genotypes in okra using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications. As replication contained 18 genotypes of okra, distributed randomly on 18 experimental units, with ten cultivars giving the symbols (O1-O10) and eight hybrids giving the symbols (O11-O18), and at the third true leaf Samples were taken from (18 genotypes) extract DNA and the ISSR method was used to estimate the genetic distance, and the plants agricultural service operations continued and traits of vegetative, flowering and yield growth of genotypes were studied to study the phenotypic distance between them. The results of the genetic distance based on ISSR technology demonstrated that there is a genetic distance between the genotypes of okra under study, with the highest genetic distance between the two genotypes O6 and O15 reaching 0.735. The O6 cultivar displayed a high genetic distance with the most of the other genotypes, as the O10 cultivar which displayed a high genetic distance with most of the other genotypes, which advises plant breeders to use them to create development single hybrids. The hybrids O11, O12, O13, O14, O15, O16, and O17 also demonstrated a high genetic distance with the cultivars O6, O7, O8, O9, and O10, which plant breeders can use it in breeding program to development three-way hybrids. The ISSR results divided into two groups A and B in the genetic Cluster dendogram. the findings of the statistical analysis of the phenotypic variables also revealed that there were significant differences between the genotypes in the measured traits. As the O4 cultivar produced the greatest values for plant height and leaf number, flowers number, pods number (169 pods ) and pod set percentage, The O10 cultivar produced the highest pod weight (5.29 g) and yield per plant (691 g), and the results of the genetic distance based on phenotypic traits demonstrated that there is a phenotypic distance between the genotypes, with the two genotypes O10 and O15 exhibiting the highest genetic distance based on phenotypic traits (371.96 ).as The genotypes were divided into two groups within the cluster analysis depended on phenotypic traits.