bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Reproductive Performance of Kadaknath Chicken Reared under Deep Litter System in the Hill Ecosystem of Meghalaya, India
Authors: Deori S. , Doley S. , Abedin S. N. , Lalhriatpuii M. , Wankhar J. B. M. , Dutta P. R. , Katiyar R. 
Published: February 2024

The Kadaknath is important native chicken breed in India. The present study was undertaken with the objective to evaluate the performance of Kadaknath chicken under deep litter system in agro-climatic condition of Meghalaya to check for its adaptability in the hill ecosystem. The study was conducted at Poultry Farm, Indian Council of Agricultural Research ( ICAR)Complex for North Eastern Hill (NEH) Region, Umiam, India. A total of 300 Kadaknath parent stock chicks were procured from Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR), Hyderabad, India. The chicks were reared upto 72nd weeks to check their production performance viz., Average weekly body weight (gm), body weight gain (gm), feed intake (gm) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Egg production traits and reproductive performances were also recorded upto 72 weeks of rearing. The result reveals that the average body weight of day old Kadaknath chicks was about 27.05±0.32 gm. At 4th week of age, the average body weight was 117.37±2.69 gm andat 8th week of age, about 250.34±2.51 gm. In terms of average body weight gain (gm), it was found that the overall body weight gain from 0-8 weeks of age was 223.29±14.39 gm. The total feed consumption was about 771.43±1.94 gm upto 8th weeks of rearing. The FCR from 0-8 weeks of age was 3.56. The mortality rate of kadaknath chicks was observed to be about 5.00 % and 0.67 % during 0-4 and 4-8 weeks of age respectively. In conclusion, the Kadaknath chicken is adapted well to the hill ecosystem of Meghalaya.
DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR MEAT PRODUCTS IN DAMATURU, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Maina Yakaka Bukar , Yusuf Abdurrahman Bala 
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the determinants of demand for meat products in Damaturu, Yobe State in Nigeria utilizing primary data. A combination of multi-stage and purposive sampling methods were implemented to select 150 participants using a structured questionnaire. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model.The study revealed that beef was the most preferred type of meat, garnering a preference rate of 73.3%. Interestingly, mutton registered the highest average monthly expenditure among households, amounting to ₦22,986. All the three meat products were found to be negative (elastic) and statistically significant at 1%. Notably, the elasticity coefficient for beef was the most sensitive to its price with the coefficient of -23.78. Similarly, the cross-price elasticity suggested complementarity among all the meat products. Income on the other hand,had a positive correlation with meat products expenditure across all types and statistically significant at the 1% level respectively. The coefficient of Beef showed the strongest positive relationship with its expenditure although the magnitude of coefficients for all meat types confirmed that they were all luxury products. Lastly, family size was inversely related to expenditure on all meat types, though this relationship was only statistically significant in the case of beef expenditure. The study concludes that there is a positive outlook for small ruminant farming in the state. Consequently, the study recommends support for livestock farmers through subsidies, training, and improved access to markets, consumer income enhancement programs and nutrition education campaigns to raise awareness about the nutritional value of various meats, including more cost-effective options.
Value of aspirin in assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Koigi Dr. Mary Kiria , Kamau Prof. R. Koigi , Koigi Dr. Paul Kamau 
Published: February 2024

Infertility affects at least 15% of couples worldwide, and its prevalence is higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although expensive, especially in LMICs, the uptake of assisted reproductive technology (ART) services is on the rise. The cohort of patients who utilize these services tend to be older and prone to pregnancy-related complications, such as hypertension and early pregnancy loss. Aspirin is not only affordable and accessible but also widely used for its antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects, which may counteract implantation failure or miscarriage. Although this sounds logical, sufficient evidence has not been adduced. In addition, there is currently no consensus on the dosage of aspirin. It is important to consider the therapeutic advantages of aspirin in pregnancies conceived through ART to optimize pregnancy outcomes. There is a need for more research on the benefits that may be accrued using aspirin in ART and other high-risk pregnancies.
A missed mummified twin abdominal pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Maina Maxwell , Mwangi Claire , Moemi Ronald , Mokomba Alfred 
Published: February 2024

Background: Abdominal pregnancies are rare pathologic ectopic pregnancies that occur in 1:10,000-30,000 pregnancies. Implantation sites include the pelvic and abdominal peritoneum, uterine surface, omentum, and abdominal organs, including the intestine, liver, spleen, diaphragm, and large blood vessels. They are frequently missed antenatally, especially because there are no specific clinical signs and symptoms for abdominal pregnancy making diagnosis difficult. Diagnosis is often made during cesarean delivery. Ultrasonography modalities have high diagnostic errors between 50 and 90%.
Case presentation: A 41-year-old presented with copious purulent vaginal discharge that was mixed with blood and was foul-smelling for two months as a referral to the Kenyatta National Hospital. Abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous lesion in the left hemi abdomen. Her last menstrual period was December 2022 with DMPA in the same month. Her PDT was negative. She was sick-looking and had a purulent vaginal discharge. Intraoperatively, 500 mls of serous fluid was observed, and abdominal pregnancy, approximately 24–28 weeks of gestation with mummified skull bone, brain tissue, ribs, and long bones of the lower and upper limbs in their multiples suggestive of twin gestation. The patient’s postoperative period was uneventful, and she was later discharged in good condition.
Conclusion: Proper and timely diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy is required to improve outcomes, especially maternal outcomes. In this case, the pregnancy was fatal to the fetus, although maternal mortality have been reported. The diagnosis may come as a surprise finding intraoperatively theatre-like in this case and in some cases postemergency cesarean delivery for failed labor induction. The diagnostic modality of choice is ultrasonography, although our patient had ultrasound and computed tomography but ended up with a misdiagnosis because of the complexity of the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy.
E-MOTIVE Trial: Sustaining capacity building of healthcare providers in the early detection and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in 11 facilities in Kenya
Authors: Oyoo Polycarp , Zahida Qureshi  , Alfred Osoti  , George Gwako  , Jennifer Okore  , Jim Kelly Mugambi  , Joan Mwende  
Published: February 2024

Background: Training healthcare providers on early detection and use of the first response bundle for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) cases was one of the key strategies used in the intervention facilities during the E-MOTIVE trial. Results published from the E-MOTIVE trial revealed a marked reduction of 60% in the severity of PPH, idicating the need to implement the same approaches in the 11 control arm facilities.

Methods: Healthcare providers (HCPs) from the 11 sites were trained on the E-MOTIVE bundle and issued with PPH emergency trollies, mannequins, and blood pressure machines. The staff was also mentored on self-PPH audits and feedback mechanisms from the data generated monthly from the labor ward. Two days of on-site training were conducted for the staff, which included knowledge tests (before and after) and skills assessment (objective skilled clinical examinations (OSCES)). EMOTIVE champions were identified from the training to promote ongoing skills practice sessions at the facility level. Monthly follow-ups were cpnducted to track individual progress using the training tracking sheet.

Results: The HCPs cited confidence in detecting and treating PPH after the training with the hospitals demonstrating readiness in managing PPH through the presence of PPH emergency trollies. There was increased teamwork among the HCPs with improved documentation practices in the labor wards.

Conclusion: Adoption of a sustainable training approach for healthcare providers in the prevention, early detection, and treatment of PPH that incorporates evidence-based strategies is key to improving maternal outcomes. National and county ministries of health have demonstrated a commitment to leverage the E-MOTIVE bundle approach after remarkable findings.
Use of nonpneumatic anti-shock garment and first response care bundle to improve maternal survival following obstetric hemorrhage in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Siele Carren Cheronoh , Wafula Meshack 
Published: February 2024

Background: Despite targeted efforts by the Ministry of Health and nongovernmental organizations, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 673 in 100,000 live births in Migori County, Western Kenya. The first confidential investigation into maternal deaths was a detailed review of half of the maternal deaths reported across Kenya in 2014. Approximately 40% of maternal deaths were due to obstetric hemorrhage (OH), and 90% were attributed to substandard care.
Objectives: To evaluate the use of a nonpneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG) and first response bundle in maternal survival following postpartum hemorrhage.
Methods: An implementation team trained maternity care staff at 104 participating facilities (responsible for 85% of facility births for the county) to use the first-response bundle, NASG, and uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) combined with NASG for uterine atony. The study had two phases, beginning July 1, 2020, and ending September 30, 2021.
Results: 63,580 deliveries were reported, giving an OH rate of 1.32%. Of 838 women with OH, 51.8% showed signs of hypovolemic shock (n=434). NASG was applied per protocol to 56.5% (n=267) of women and preventively to 146 (36.1%) of the 404 women with OH. For most women with OH who did not receive NASG, the provider stated that it was not necessary. In three cases, NASG was not applied due to lack of a trained provider, and in four cases, NASG was not available at the facility. The use of the complete first-response bundle increased from 37.3% to 42.3% over time. For tranexamic acid (TXA), 40.8% of eligible women who received TXA had received the other three interventions. 86 were managed with both the UBT and NASG (22.5%).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the use of the NASG and PPH first-response bundle is feasible at tertiary and primary health facilities. The limitation to the use of a first-response PPH bundle is whether there is a local commitment to expand the availability of TXA.
Impact of Gestational Diabetes and Pre-existing Diabetes in Fetal Outcome among Pregnancy Cases of Rangpur
Authors: Nahida Sultana  
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Diabetes in pregnancy, including gestational and pre-gestational diabetes, presents significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. Understanding the impact of these conditions on pregnancy outcomes is crucial for developing effective management strategies.
Methods: This observational comparative study involved 300 pregnant women at Rangpur Medical College Hospital, divided into three groups: pre-gestational diabetic (Group A), gestational diabetic (Group B), and non-diabetic control (Group C). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric profiles, mode of delivery, maternal complications, and fetal outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Result: The study meticulously analyzed socio-demographic characteristics, revealing no significant differences across the groups. In obstetric profiles, Group A (Pre-Gestational Diabetic) had a notably lower mean gestational age at delivery (36.06 ± 2.71 weeks) compared to Group B (Gestational Diabetic) and Group C (Control), with mean ages of 37.34± 1.12 and 38.46±1.13 weeks, respectively. Maternal complications were significantly higher in Group A at 47%, compared to 25% in Group B and 12% in Group C. Fetal outcomes showed marked variations: Group A had 95% stable births, 5% stillbirths, and 60% of neonates with Apgar scores ≤7 at 5 minutes. In contrast, Group B had 96% stable births, 4% stillbirths, and 27% of neonates with Apgar scores ≤7, while Group C reported 100% stable births and 11% with Apgar scores ≤7. Birth weight distribution indicated 24% of neonates in Group A weighed <2 kg, compared to 5% in Group B and 4% in Group C. NICU admissions were highest in Group A (44%), followed by Group B (29%) and Group C (11%). Perinatal complications like birth asphyxia (38% in Group A, 16% in Group B, 6% in Group C), hypoglycemia (22% in Group A, 10% in Group B, 4% in Group C), and hyperbilirubinemia (16% in Group A, 12% in Group B, 0% in Group C) were also significantly higher in diabetic groups.
Conclusion: The presence of gestational or pre-gestational diabetes in mothers significantly impacts fetal outcomes and increases the risk of maternal complications. This study highlights the need for specialized care and vigilant monitoring in pregnancies complicated by diabetes to improve health outcomes for mothers and babies.
Critique of Development and Validation of 4-Factor Mathematics Anxiety Scale among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Chinonso Ogazi, Francisca , Laseinde James, Oluwayomi , Eleje Enya, Immaculetta 
Published: February 2024

Mathematics as a daily cultural activity of human in space and time; concretized into symbols to be computed using mental computer or activities, is a subject that puts people not only the learners into a feeling of phobia/ anxiety whenever the name is mentioned. This article from psychological perspective posits that, the masses general adoption of mathematics as a difficult and fearful subject is a cause from environmental factors. This is because prior scientific approach to mathematics, human beings have been solving daily issues, removing, adding, dividing and multiplying using available counters like fingers, toes, sticks, stones, grains, charcoal, seeds even human beings, animals, plants, buildings, cars and others. Today, teaching and learning of mathematics is affected. Majority of the mathematics teachers teach mathematics in abstract; learners learn in abstract coupled with some psychological issues that may be opposing the mental ability as at the time of learning which also goes on to affect the retention, remembering and transferring. This article critiqued Development and Validation of 4-Factor Mathematics Anxiety Scale among Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted opinion research design. The population of the study comprised all aspect of humans that are educable or can learn, but 42 respondents (20 male and 22 female which comprised 8 teachers, 6 non-educators, 24 junior and senior students and 4 postgraduate students) was sampled. The instruments for data collection were interview and focus group. Two research questions guided the study. The main purpose of the critiquing is to counter the masses’ negative notion and the claim about math by this paper; to inculcate into the masses especially the younger learners /scholars that math is like every other subject; that mathematics anxiety is as a result of mathematics nature misconception and the negative verbalization influence from the teachers, parents and the society that, “math is difficult”; to expose the lapses in parents and teachers inadequacies in instilling mathematics self-efficacy into the learners and thereby encourage learners to learn with confidence built on constancy for “constant practice makes for perfection. From the findings, it was discovered that the onset of mathematics anxiety centered around the teachers’ demonstrating incompetence, giving rigid approaches and personalities and employment of untrained math teachers in teaching mathematics. The study on mathematics anxiety was critiqued and recommendations made that would help educational development and management.
Diversity of Echinoderms in the Subtidal Zone of Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Jepara, Indonesia
Authors: Trisna Nindya , Hartati Retno , Widianingsih Widianingsih 
Published: February 2024

Aims: To determine the diversity of Echinoderms in the subtidal zone of Sintok Island.
Study Design: This study applied a purposive sampling method.
Place and Duration of Study: Sintok Island, Jepara, Indonesia, November 2019.
Methodology: The belt transect method was used. The transect was drawn 200 m perpendicular from the coastline to the sea. The echinoderms in the 2m area along the transect line are observed for their diversity, the number of individuals from each species is counted, and the substrate is observed.The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener, evenness (uniformity), and dominance indices were analyzed.
Results: The results showed 11 species belonging to 3 classes of Echinoderms found in Sintok Island. Holothuroidea class consisted of Holothuria atra, H. coluber, H. edulis, H. impatiens, Pearsonothuria graeffei, and Synapta maculata. Asteroidea class consisted of Culcita novaeguineae, Linckia laevigata, and Protoreaster nodosus. The Echinoidea class consists of Diadema setosum and Laganum laganum. H. atra was the most abundant species (0.70 ind.m-2). The diversity index value (H') of Echinoderm was in the range of 1.21 to 2.01, classified as a moderate condition.
Conclusion: The echinoderm species in subtidal areas on Sintok Island could be a good tourist attraction in this national park.
Haematological Insight: An Epidemiological Study on Prevalence of Anaemia in Diverse Blood Groups within the Population of Hyderabad Sindh
Authors: Farhanuddin Syed , Suhag Ahmed Hussain , Chohan Habib-ur-Rahman , Waheed Kiran , Warsi Jamshed , Bilal Atique Arain  , Abdeen Syed Zain Ul 
Published: February 2024

dietary deficiencies, which is defined by the WHO as low Haemoglobin levels and low red cell death due to a deficiency of iron in the body. This is especially true for lower socioeconomic groups because of cultural influences and a lack of resources. All genders and age groups are affected by iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which can cause microcytic and hypochromic disease with a range of clinical consequences. According to many recent studies, there may be a connection between blood types and IDA, with those who belong to blood groups O and B perhaps at higher risk of developing the anemia. Confirmation of these links and comprehension of the underlying mechanisms need more study.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted at the emergency department of Liaquat University Hospital from June to August 2022 that involved 400 patients who were divided into two groups: a control group comprising 285 patients who were not suffering from iron deficiency anaemia and a study group comprising 415 patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia excluding those with other diseases. A formal consent preceded comprehensive clinical examinations, including blood pressure, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation measurements. Blood group determination employed the glass slide agglutination method, distinguishing A, B, AB, and O groups. Haemoglobin levels were assessed using Sahli's hemoglobinometer, while the complete blood picture was obtained by the blood CP report of the hospital laboratory. Statistical analyses, including Fischer's exact test, were performed using GraphPad 9 prism. Specificity/sensitivity, likelihood ratios, and odds ratios were calculated for further analysis.
Conclusion: This study shows a significant relationship between various blood groups and the prevalence of anaemia in the population.
Knowing that I didn't know: preschoolers' understanding of their own false belief is a predictor of assents to fictitious events
Authors: Thomsen Yvonne , Berntsen Dorthe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe present study examines the relation between children's theory of mind abilities and their tendency to assent to fictitious events when questioned repeatedly across interviews. Children between the ages of 3 and 6 years were interviewed individually either four or seven times about a fictitious and a real staged event, and in addition given a false belief test as well as a fantasy‐reality distinction test. Children's performance on the false belief task addressing the understanding of their own false belief was a better predictor for assents to false events than was understanding the false belief of another person, age, number of interviews and performance on a fantasy‐reality distinction task. Children's memory for a staged event showed that repeated questions across interviews was related to a decrease in correct assents to having experienced a staged event, an increase in wrong yes‐responses about touch and erroneously mentioning names of children who had not been present during the staged event. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of reforming parameter and configuration for hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Zhongxiang , Elnashaie Said S. E. H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn the present investigation optimization is classified into configuration optimization on one hand and optimization of the design and operating parameters for each configuration on the other hand. The process investigated is that of hydrogen production by steam reforming of higher hydrocarbons. Heptane is used as a model component for higher hydrocarbons. The proposed novel reforming process is basically a circulating fluidized‐bed membrane reformer (CFBMR) with continuous catalyst regeneration and gas–solid separation. Composite hydrogen‐selective membranes are used to remove the product hydrogen from the reacting gas mixture, thus driving the reversible reactions beyond their thermodynamic equilibria. Dense perovskite oxygen‐selective membranes are also used to introduce oxygen for the exothermic oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon. Four configurations are investigated, two of which relate to the catalyst regeneration before the gas–solid separation and the other two related to the catalyst regeneration after the gas–solid separation. The optimization of the performance of each configuration is carried out for a number of design and operating parameters as optimization parameters and under both non‐autothermal and autothermal conditions. Results show that the autothermal operation with direct contact between cold feeds (water and heptane) and hot circulating catalyst can be the best configuration for efficient hydrogen production with minimum energy consumption. The maximum net hydrogen yield is 16.732 mol of hydrogen per mol of heptane fed, which is 76.05% of the maximum theoretical hydrogen yield of 22 when the final reforming products are carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Previous investigations never exceeded 70.82% of this theoretical value. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005