bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ertapenem-Associated Seizures in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient
Authors: Seto Arnold H , Song Jessica C , Guest Steven S 
Published: January 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis who developed refractory seizures after 2 doses of ertapenem. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old white man with end-stage renal disease requiring continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis experienced 5 seizures following 2 doses of ertapenem 500 mg given intravenously. The first generalized tonic—clonic seizure occurred 16 hours after the second ertapenem dose and lasted 3 minutes. Three hours after his first seizure, the patient experienced 2 more seizures 15 minutes apart, lasting 3 minutes each. After suffering a fifth seizure, the patient became apneic and pulseless and was not resuscitated, as he had previously requested a “do not resuscitate” status. DISCUSSION: Carbapenem treatment has been associated with simple partial, complex partial, and generalized tonic—clonic seizures, with generalized seizures representing the most frequently occurring type. Safety data from 7 published clinical trials of ertapenem revealed a seizure incidence of 0.18%. To our knowledge, there are no previously published reports of ertapenem neurotoxicity in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Moreover, little information is available regarding the pharmacokinetics of carbapenems in end-stage renal disease. Ertapenem pharmacokinetics were not tested in any patients receiving peritoneal dialysis during published clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Our patient experienced 5 seizures, possibly induced by ertapenem, as validated by the Naranjo probability scale. Clinicians administering ertapenem to patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis should use caution, as clinical experience with the agent is limited and pharmacokinetic data are lacking.
Factors Influencing Density of Age‐0 Brown Trout and Brook Trout in the Au Sable River, Michigan
Authors: McRae Brian J. , Diana James S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe density of juvenile trout is influenced by many factors, including water temperature, discharge, substrate composition, and the presence of aquatic vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine habitat conditions that influence densities of age‐0 brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the Au Sable River, Michigan. Electrofishing was conducted with a 250‐V DC tote barge at 12 sites throughout the Au Sable River watershed from June through August of 2000 and 2001. Densities of age‐0 brown trout and brook trout varied significantly among sites located on the main stem as well as in tributaries. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate annual interactions between age‐0 trout densities and habitat variables. Simple and forward stepwise linear regressions were used to model brown trout and brook trout densities in relation to habitat variables. Percent gravel substrate and percent emergent vegetation accounted for 62% of the variance in age‐0 brown trout density. In two separate analyses, mean minimum water temperature accounted for 31% of the variance in the density of age‐0 brook trout, whereas mean daily water temperature fluctuation accounted for 28% of the variance. Once habitat conditions that influence age‐0 fish production are identified, stocking programs should focus on areas where age‐0 fish would be able to survive. If no suitable juvenile habitat is available, managers should instead invest effort in enhancing or creating nursery habitat. Such efforts will not only be valuable to the growth and survival of stocked individuals but will also have the benefit of enhancing the potential for the fishery to be sustained through natural reproduction.
Single‐Pass versus Two‐Pass Boat Electrofishing for Characterizing River Fish Assemblages: Species Richness Estimates and Sampling Distance
Authors: Meador Michael R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDetermining adequate sampling effort for characterizing fish assemblage structure in nonwadeable rivers remains a critical issue in river biomonitoring. Two‐pass boat electrofishing data collected from 500–1,000‐m‐long river reaches as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water‐Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program were analyzed to assess the efficacy of single‐pass boat electrofishing. True fish species richness was estimated by use of a two‐pass removal model and nonparametric jackknife estimation for 157 sampled reaches across the United States. Compared with estimates made with a relatively unbiased nonparametric estimator, estimates of true species richness based on the removal model may be biased, particularly when true species richness is greater than 10. Based on jackknife estimation, the mean percent of estimated true species richness collected in the first electrofishing pass (pj,sj) for all 157 reaches was 65.5%. The effectiveness of single‐pass boat electrofishing may be greatest when the expected species richness is relatively low (>10 species). The second pass produced additional species (1–13) in 89.2% of sampled reaches. Of these additional species, centrarchids were collected in 50.3% of reaches and cyprinids were collected in 45.9% of reaches. Examination of relations between channel width ratio (reach length divided by wetted channel width) and pj,sj values provided no clear recommendation for sampling distances based on channel width ratios. Increasing sampling effort through an extension of the sampled reach distance can increase the percent species richness obtained from single‐pass boat electrofishing. When single‐pass boat electrofishing is used to characterize fish assemblage structure, determination of the sampling distance should take into account such factors as species richness and patchiness, the presence of species with relatively low probabilities of detection, and human alterations to the channel.
Temperature Tolerance of Red‐Rim Melania Melanoides tuberculatus, an Exotic Aquatic Snail Established in the United States
Authors: Mitchell Andrew J. , Brandt Thomas M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe red‐rim melania Melanoides tuberculatus (family Thiaridae), a tropical, nonindigenous aquatic snail, has become established and is spreading in the United States. Concerns associated with the spread of this snail include its potential to displace native snail populations and to transmit trematodes. Of particular concern is the gill trematode Centrocestus formosanus now found in U.S. commercial and wild fish stocks. The snail survives year‐round in subtropical ponds and constant‐temperature spring runs in Florida and Texas and in geothermal waters of several western and midwestern states. Knowledge of the temperature tolerances of the snail will increase the ability to predict its potential range in North American waters and to control its spread. Under constant temperature conditions in the laboratory, all red‐rim melania (15–25 mm shell height (SH)) were killed by exposure to 5°C for 1 d, 9°C for 2 d, 11°C for 8 d, and 13°C for 12 d. At 17°C and 32.5°C, about 10% of the snails died within 27 d, indicating the outer limits of the temperature range for the snail. Waters that attain temperatures less than 18°C or greater than 32°C will probably not support red‐rim melania. All snails (10–20 mm SH) died within 10 h at 40°C and within 20 min at 45°C. At 50°C, all snails (≤42 mm SH) succumbed within 2.5 min, and the smallest snails (1–4 mm SH) survived for less than 0.5 min. A 4–5‐min exposure to 50°C or warmer water should kill all red‐rim melania on dip nets and other fisheries equipment.
Cohort‐Specific Growth and Mortality of Juvenile American Shad in the Pamunkey River, Virginia
Authors: Hoffman Joel C. , Olney John E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe estimated the variation in instantaneous rates of growth (G) and mortality (M) between intraannual cohorts of juvenile American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Pamunkey River, Virginia. The ages of juveniles captured by push net during the juvenile abundance index surveys in 1998 and 1999 were estimated by counting daily rings on the sagittal otoliths. Weight‐at‐age and abundance‐at‐age data were used to generate instantaneous daily rates of growth and mortality for 5‐d cohorts. In 1998, the peak hatch date lagged behind the peak spawning periods that had been inferred from collections of American shad broodstock and occurred after peak spring flow events. In 1999, the correspondence between the hatch date distribution and the peak spawning periods was greater than in 1998. The instantaneous daily growth rate was relatively constant between cohorts, ranging from 0.037 to 0.064 in 1998 and from 0.046 to 0.066 in 1999. The instantaneous daily mortality rate was more variable between cohorts, ranging from 0.047 to 0.084 in 1998 and from 0.044 to 0.093 in 1999. The physiological mortality rate, or M/G, was calculated for all cohorts. Most cohorts in 1998 and 1999, including the largest cohorts in both years, had an M/G value close to 1.0, indicating that these cohorts were barely maintaining or losing biomass during the early juvenile stage. The results of this study indicate that in both 1998 and 1999 the year‐class declined in biomass during the early juvenile stage and underwent demographic structuring that affected the composition of the population that ultimately migrated to sea.
Do Habitat Actions Affect Juvenile Survival? An Information‐Theoretic Approach Applied to Endangered Snake River Chinook Salmon
Authors: Paulsen Charles M. , Fisher Timothy R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe used 11 years of parr‐to‐smolt survival estimates from 33 Snake River sites to demonstrate that despite a number of confounding factors higher numbers of past habitat remediation or enhancement actions are associated with higher parr‐to‐smolt survival of endangered wild Snake River spring−summer (stream‐type) Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Information‐theoretic weights were applied to help distinguish between statistical models based on their relative plausibility. In the models with the highest estimated weights, actions taken to improve fish habitat showed a positive association with increased parr‐to‐smolt survival. However, because the actions were not sited randomly on the landscape, and because the actions may also have influenced other potentially important covariates, it is difficult to separate habitat action effects from effects due to other important factors.
Recruitment Variability of Alewives in Lake Michigan
Authors: Madenjian Charles P. , Höök Tomas O. , Rutherford Edward S. , Mason Doran M. , Croley Thomas E. , Szalai Emily B. , Bence James R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe used a long‐term series of observations on alewife Alosa pseudoharengus abundance that was based on fall bottom‐trawl catches to assess the importance of various abiotic and biotic factors on alewife recruitment in Lake Michigan during 1962–2002. We first fit a basic Ricker spawner–recruit model to the lakewide biomass estimates of age‐3 recruits and the corresponding spawning stock size; we then fit models for all possible combinations of the following four external variables added to the basic model: an index of salmonine predation on an alewife year‐class, an index for the spring–summer water temperatures experienced by alewives during their first year in the lake, an index of the severity of the first winter experienced by alewives in the lake, and an index of lake productivity during an alewife year‐class's second year in the lake. Based on an information criterion, the best model for alewife recruitment included indices of salmonine predation and spring–summer water temperatures as external variables. Our analysis corroborated the contention that a decline in alewife abundance during the 1970s and early 1980s in Lake Michigan was driven by salmonine predation. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the extraordinarily warm water temperatures during the spring and summer of 1998 probably led to a moderately high recruitment of age‐3 alewives in 2001, despite abundant salmonines.
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Saugers in Small, High‐Elevation Rivers near the Western Edge of the Species' Natural Distribution
Authors: Amadio Craig J. , Hubert Wayne A. , Johnson Kevin , Oberlie Dennis , Dufek David 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFactors affecting the occurrence of saugers Sander canadensis were studied throughout the Wind River basin, a high‐elevation watershed (>1,440 m above mean sea level) on the western periphery of the species' natural distribution in central Wyoming. Adult saugers appeared to have a contiguous distribution over 170 km of streams among four rivers in the watershed. The upstream boundaries of sauger distribution were influenced by summer water temperatures and channel slopes in two rivers and by water diversion dams that created barriers to upstream movement in the other two rivers. Models that included summer water temperature, maximum water depth, habitat type (pool or run), dominant substrate, and alkalinity accounted for the variation in sauger occurrence across the watershed within the areas of sauger distribution. Water temperature was the most important basin‐scale habitat feature associated with sauger occurrence, and maximum depth was the most important site‐specific habitat feature. Saugers were found in a larger proportion of pools than runs in all segments of the watershed and occurred almost exclusively in pools in upstream segments of the watershed. Suitable summer water temperatures and deep, low‐velocity habitat were available to support saugers over a large portion of the Wind River watershed. Future management of saugers in the Wind River watershed, as well as in other small river systems within the species' native range, should involve (1) preserving natural fluvial processes to maintain the summer water temperatures and physical habitat features needed by saugers and (2) assuring that barriers to movement do not reduce upstream boundaries of populations.
Application of Neural Networks to Prediction of Fish Diversity and Salmonid Production in the Lake Ontario Basin
Authors: McKenna James E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDiversity and fish productivity are important measures of the health and status of aquatic systems. Being able to predict the values of these indices as a function of environmental variables would be valuable to management. Diversity and productivity have been related to environmental conditions by multiple linear regression and discriminant analysis, but such methods have several shortcomings. In an effort to predict fish species diversity and estimate salmonid production for streams in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario, I constructed neural networks and trained them on a data set containing abiotic information and either fish diversity or juvenile salmonid abundance. Twenty percent of the original data were retained as a test data set and used in the training. The ability to extend these neural networks to conditions throughout the streams was tested with data not involved in the network training. The resulting neural networks were able to predict the number of salmonids with more than 84% accuracy and diversity with more than 73% accuracy, which was far superior to the performance of multiple regression. The networks also identified the environmental variables with the greatest predictive power, namely, those describing water movement, stream size, and water chemistry. Thirteen input variables were used to predict diversity and 17 to predict salmonid abundance.
Relationships between Coastal Ocean Conditions and Survival Rates of Northeast Pacific Salmon at Multiple Lags
Authors: Mueter Franz J. , Pyper Brian J. , Peterman Randall M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that survival rates from spawners to recruits in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are primarily related to coastal ocean conditions during migration to the sea and soon after. We correlated measures of survival rate in units of loge(recruits/spawner) for 110 stocks of pink salmon O. gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, and sockeye salmon O. nerka with regional‐scale indices of coastal sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and upwelling as well as with a large‐scale index of ocean climate. We examined correlations by month and at multiple lags spanning the periods of spawning, freshwater residence, and early ocean residence of salmon. Survival rates of all three salmon species were related to ocean temperatures just prior to, during, and after out‐migration, which are indicative of the early marine conditions experienced by juvenile salmon. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the early marine period is critical to the survival of juvenile salmon. However, survival rates of sockeye salmon were most strongly correlated with coastal sea surface temperature during freshwater residency (i.e., the winter and spring prior to out‐migration). Survival rates of pink salmon were also related to sea surface salinity conditions prior to out‐migration. There was no evidence for any relationship between the survival rates of salmon and coastal upwelling conditions. As in previous studies, we found that correlations between the survival rates of pink or sockeye salmon in Alaska and sea surface temperature have opposite signs from correlations for stocks in British Columbia and Washington at most lags and at both regional and large (basinwide) spatial scales. In general, however, the measures of coastal ocean conditions that we examined explain a relatively small proportion of the environmentally induced variability in salmon survival rates.
Density and Biomass of Native Northern Pike Populations in Relation to Basin‐Scale Characteristics of North‐Central Minnesota Lakes
Authors: Pierce Rodney B. , Tomcko Cynthia M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractHabitat and ecological constraints that influence populations of northern pikeEsox luciusat the scale of the lake basin were determined for 16 north‐central Minnesota lakes that varied in size, depth, and chemical productivity. The density and biomass of northern pike greater than 350 mm total length were highly variable among lakes (3.2–59.0 fish/ha, 3.6–33.6 kg/ha). Densities of large northern pike were very low; fish longer than 600 mm averaged only 1.6 fish/ ha. Northern pike populations were more closely linked to lake morphometry than to differences in other ecological factors, such as water productivity, exploitation, or the relative abundance of prey fish. For northern pike exceeding 350 mm, numbers and mass were most strongly related to littoral and optimum thermal habitat; percent littoral area was the most important variable explaining the density differences. Literature values from other geographic areas tended to support the importance of littoral habitat except when recruitment was limited by winterkill. For large northern pike (>500 mm), the total area of the Minnesota lakes and shoreline length became more important than littoral area for predicting numbers and mass. Our results point to fundamental relationships between northern pike populations and the morphometry of the lake basins they inhabit. The suitability of a lake's habitat to support northern pike (as influenced by basin morphometry) has strong effects on their density, which in turn has important effects on growth rates, production, and population size structure.
Use of the 5′‐Nuclease Reaction for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping in Chinook Salmon
Authors: Smith Christian T. , Seeb James E. , Schwenke Piper , Seeb Lisa W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMigratory and stock composition studies of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha require genetic markers by which a large number of individuals can be processed in a relatively short time. Given the multijurisdictional geographic range of this species, it is further desirable that genetic markers and the corresponding data be transportable across laboratories. We developed 10 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays in Chinook salmon based on the 5′‐nuclease reaction. Using these assays, a single technician with two thermal cyclers can generate thousands of genotypes per day. The genotyping assays described here are easy to standardize across laboratories, and the resulting genotype data are readily combined with those collected by means of any other sequence detection platform. The rapid rate at which genotyping may be done using these markers and the fact that SNP data are standardized across laboratories and platforms much more readily than are data from other genetic marker classes suggest that SNPs will become an increasingly important tool for mixture studies of Chinook salmon and other salmonids.
Across‐Species Comparisons of Spatial Scales of Environmental Effects on Survival Rates of Northeast Pacific Salmon
Authors: Pyper Brian J. , Mueter Franz J. , Peterman Randall M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe estimated the spatial scales of covariation in indices of spawner‐to‐recruit survival rates among 116 wild stocks of pink salmonOncorhynchus gorbuscha, chum salmonO. keta, and sockeye salmonO. nerka. These data spanned roughly four decades and represented stocks from 15 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. For comparisons between pink and chum salmon, we found positive covariation in survival rates within regions and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations between 0.3 and 0.7) but little covariation between stocks of distant regions (separated by 1,000 km or more). Our results indicate that, on average, shared environmental effects accounted for at least 36% of the variation in survival rates of nearby pink and chum salmon stocks but only 18% for stocks separated by about 500 km. By comparing these between‐species patterns with within‐species patterns, we conclude that differences in the geographical overlap of fish during the freshwater and early marine life stages are much more important in determining the magnitude of shared environmental effects on the survival rates of these two species than are differences in their life history strategies. In contrast, patterns of covariation were weaker for between‐species comparisons involving sockeye salmon, especially for sockeye salmon stocks from Washington and British Columbia, which were mainly Fraser River stocks. By comparing between‐species correlations for northern sockeye salmon at two different time lags corresponding to processes operating during the early freshwater life stage and the early marine life stage, we found evidence that covariation in spawner‐to‐recruit survival rates was due largely to processes operating in the early marine life stage. Collectively, our results and those of previous studies show that the dominant effects of environmental processes on the survival rates of these three salmon species occur at local and regional scales rather than at larger, ocean‐basin scales.
Topiramate reduces levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in the MPTP‐lesioned marmoset model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Silverdale Monty A. , Nicholson S.L. , Crossman A.R. , Brotchie J.M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOveractive AMPA receptor‐mediated transmission may be involved in the pathogenesis of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia. The mechanism of action of the anticonvulsant drug topiramate involves attenuation of AMPA receptor‐mediated transmission. In this study, the potential antidyskinetic action of topiramate was examined in the MPTP‐lesioned marmoset model of Parkinson's disease and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia. Topiramate significantly reduced levodopa‐induced dyskinesia, without affecting the antiparkinsonian action of levodopa. Topiramate represents an exciting potential novel therapeutic approach to levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society