bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floods have become less deadly: an analysis of global flood fatalities 1975-2022
Authors: Jonkman Sebastiaan , Curran Alex , Bouwer Laurens M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Floods are amongst the most frequent disasters in terms of human and economic impacts. This study provides new insights into the frequency of loss of life at the global scale, mortality fractions of the population exposed to floods, and underlying trends. A dataset is compiled based on the EM-DAT disaster database covering the period 1975 until 2022, extending previous studies on this topic. Flood impact data is analysed over spatial, temporal and economic scales, decomposed in various flood types and compared with other natural disasters. Floods are the most frequent natural disasters up to 1,000 fatalities, and flash floods lead to the highest mortality fractions per event, i.e. the number of deaths in an event relative to the exposed population. Despite population growth and increasing flood hazards, the average number of fatalities per event has declined over time. Mortality fractions per event have decreased over time for middle and high-middle-income countries, but increased for low-income countries. This highlights the importance of continuing and expanding risk reduction and adaptation efforts.
RPIOSL: Construction of the radiation transfer model for rice leaves
Authors: Xiang Shuang , Jin Zhongyu , Li Jinpeng , Yu Fenghua , Xu Tongyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The radiative transfer model of vegetation leaves simulates the transmission mechanism of light inside the vegetation and simulates the reflectivity of blades according to the change law of different components in the process of plant growth. Based on the PIOSL model, this paper combines PIOSL with the structure of rice leaves to construct a radiation transfer model for rice leaves. The parameters of each layer of the RPIOSL model are determined by the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III. (NSGA-III.) algorithm. The reflectance spectra of 218 rice leaf samples in different periods were simulated using the RPIOSL model. The results show that the mean (RMSE) between the simulated and measured spectra of the constructed RPIOSL model is 0.1074, which is 0.0191 lower than that of the PROSPECT model. Among them, the spectral simulation effect of RPIOSL model in yellow and red light band is the best, and the RMSE at tillering period, jointing period, heading period and grouting period are 0.0584, 0.0576, 0.0724 and 0.0820, respectively. Therefore, the establishment of the RPIOSL model can accurately describe the interaction mechanism between light, which is of great significance for the rapid acquisition of rice growth information and accurate crop management.
The Effect of Osteoarthritis Pain on Functional Capacity and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adult Patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Soud Faiza Abou , Barnawi Najla , Al-Ghadeer Hend , Alarifi Omnyah , Almuqati Rana , Almutairi Nahlah , Alanazi Atheer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Around the world, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative musculoskeletal disorders that affects the cartilage of joints and causes stiffness, tenderness, and severe pain associated with various movement and functional limitations that result in a negative impact on quality of life of the elderly patients.
Aim: examine the effect of osteoarthritis pain on the functional capacity and life satisfaction among older adult patients in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: The study employed a descriptive correlational and comparative design. A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 208 elderly patients at the outpatient polyclinics, King Fahad Hospital-King Abdulaziz Medical City, which is affiliated with the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Four standardized Instruments: The Geriatric Pain Measure (GPM) Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were used to achieve the aim of the study.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 66.6 +6.4 years. OA pain is present in various degrees among the study sample, where 44.2% of the participants had a severe degree, 40.4% had moderate pain, and 15.4% had mild pain. The severity of pain was significantly associated with a high percentage of functional disability 14.9%, compared with less percentage of functional disability 13.4%, and 8.7% associated with moderate and mild degrees of pain respectively (r=.139; p=-.045). In addition, the severity of pain was significantly associated with a high percentage of low life satisfaction 38%, compared with a lower percentage of low life satisfaction 35.1%, and 14.4% associated with moderate and mild pain respectively (r=.144; p=-.038).
Conclusion: The severity of osteoarthritis pain had a significant influence on functional capacity and life satisfaction among older adult patients. In further studies, it is recommended to apply an experimental design to compare between treatment group and control group to assess the impact of an appropriate nursing intervention to relieve pain.
DynamicAug: Enhancing Transfer Learning through Dynamic Data Augmentation Strategies Based on Model State
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Zhao Haodong , Zhang Mingyang , Zhou Libo , Wei Yan , Ou Linlin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Transfer learning has made significant advancements, however, the issue of overfitting continues to pose a major challenge. Data augmentation has emerged as a highly promising technique to counteract this challenge. Current data augmentation methods are fixed in nature, requiring manual determination of the appropriate intensity prior to the training process. However, this entails substantial computational costs. Additionally, as the model approaches convergence, static data augmentation strategies can become suboptimal. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Dynamic Data Augmentation (DynamicAug), a method that autonomously adjusts the intensity of data augmentation, taking into account the convergence state of the model. During each iteration of the model’s forward pass, we utilize a Gaussian distribution based sampler to stochastically sample the current intensity of data augmentation. To ensure that the sampled intensity is aligned with the convergence state of the model, we introduce a learnable expectation to the sampler and update the expectation iteratively. In order to assess the convergence status of the model, we introduce a novel loss function called the convergence loss. Through extensive experiments conducted over 27 vision datasets, we have demonstrated that DynamicAug can significantly enhance the performance of existing transfer learning methods.
Doctor and patient perceptions of sarcopenia in community-based primary care clinics: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Park Jungha , Lee Daehyun , Jang Jae Young , Kim Jung-Ha , Baek Jae Uk , Jeong Myungkwan , Kim Sungwouk , Kyoung Moonbae , Kim Miji , Won Chang Won 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Early detection and management of sarcopenia in community-based primary care clinics that provide care for community-dwelling older patients are important to prevent related complications.
Methods
We analyzed nine matched items from separate surveys with 80 doctors working at community-based primary care clinics and 80 community-dwelling older patients who visited 6 of the 80 primary care clinics. Both questionnaires were self-administered and consisted of sections on sarcopenia awareness, willingness to treat sarcopenia, and demand for management methods.
Results
28 patients (35.4%) reported having heard about sarcopenia. Only 19 physicians (23.8%) responded that they knew the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia. The proportion of patients who believed that they had sarcopenia was higher than that of patients with sarcopenia assumed by the doctors (patients, 35%; doctors, 16.9%; P = 0.0039). Patients desired more frequent and extensive exercise and nutritional education than doctors. More patients preferred receiving regular text messages than doctors (for exercise: patients 16.5%, doctors 5.8%, P = 0.0428; for nutrition: patients 17.1%, doctors 4.4%, P = 0.0154). More patients than doctors did not know what community services were available for managing sarcopenia (patients 48.8%, doctors 10.0%, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Both patients and doctors at community-based primary care clinics were poorly informed about sarcopenia. The preference for exercise and nutritional education showed significant differences between patients and doctors. These results will be beneficial for developing programs to manage sarcopenia in community-based primary care clinics.
Comparing the Prognostic Roles of Red Blood Cell Volume Distribution Width, Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio, and Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio for Predicting Mortality after Hip Fracture in the Geriatric Population
Authors: Su Yu-Hsiang , Huang Yen-Wei , Huang Shu-Wei , Chen Yu-Pin , Chuang Tai-Yuan , Kuo Yi-Jie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hip fractures have adverse effects on older adults, often resulting in reduced functional independence, increased social costs, morbidity, and an elevated risk of mortality within 1 year after surgery. Prognostic markers such as red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been used to predict outcomes following hip fracture surgery; however, their prediction accuracy has varied across studies. This study aims to compare the prognostic accuracy of a single marker (RDW, NLR, or PLR) in predicting the mortality of older adults after hip fracture surgery.
Methods
This study enrolled 469 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery and were followed up for 1 year at a single tertiary medical center from December 2018 to March 2021. The patients’ preoperative RDW, NLR, and PLR levels were measured, and data on their clinical characteristics were collected. Receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to assess the predictive accuracy of these markers for 1-month, 3-month, and 1-year mortality.
Results
Among the patients, the mean age was 81.2 years, and 2.6%, 4.1%, and 13.9% died within 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery, respectively. RDW, NLR, and PLR were nonsignificant predictors of 1-month mortality, but RDW was the sole significant predictor of 3-month and 1-year mortality (AUC: 3-month, 0.689; 1-year, 0.583). The cutoff values for RDW were 15.05% and 13.65% for 3-month and 1-year mortality, respectively. Among the patients aged 60–80 years, RDW was a significant predictor of mortality following hip fracture surgery (AUC: 1-month, 0.834; 3-month, 0.855). However, for the patients aged > 80 years, all three markers were nonsignificant predictors.
Conclusion
RDW was a robust prognostic factor that outperformed NLR and PLR in predicting the mortality of patients aged > 60 years who underwent hip fracture surgery. Furthermore, the predictive accuracy of RDW was even higher for 1-month and 3-month mortality of patients aged 60–80 years who underwent hip fracture surgery.
Anatomy and connectivity of the Göttingen minipig subgenual cortex (Brodmann area 25 homologue)
Authors: Glud Andreas N. , Zaer Hamed , Orlowski Dariusz , Nielsen Mette Slot , Sørensen Jens Christian H. , Bjarkam Carsten R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background The subgenual gyrus is a promising target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) against depression. However, to optimize this treatment modality, we need translational animal models.Aim To describe the anatomy and connectivity of the Göttingen minipig subgenual area (sgC).Materials and methods The frontal pole of 5 minipigs was cryosectioned into 40 µm coronal and horizontal sections and stained with Nissl and NeuN-immunohistochemistry to visualize cytoarchitecture and cortical lamination. Eight animals were unilaterally stereotaxically injected in the sgC with anterograde (BDA) and retrograde (FluroGold) tracers to reveal the sgC connectivity.Results In homology with human nomenclature (Brodmann 1909), it can be subdivided into three distinct areas named area 25 (BA25), area 33 (BA33), and indusium griseum (IG). BA25 is a narrow agranular cortex, approximately 1 mm thick. It has a poor laminar differentiation in the deeper layers due to a similar appearance of layer III and V neurons. Perpendicular to the surface cell, poor columns of white matter stretch deep into layers II and III, thereby segregating small groups of closely arranged neurons in the superficial layers. BA33 is less differentiated than BA25. Accordingly, the cortex is narrower and displays a complete lack of laminar differentiation due to diffusely arranged small, lightly stained neurons. It abuts the indusium griseum, which is a neuron-dense band of heavily stained small neurons separating BA33 directly from the corpus callosum and the posteriorly located septum.Conclusion The minipig sgC displays a cytoarchitectonic pattern and connectivity like the human and may be well suited for further translational studies on BA25-DBS against depression.
Charge Transfer Interaction Dynamics between MHQ and DNP: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, DNA Binding and Density Functional Theory Studies
Authors: V Sundarpal , J Srinu , G Sailaja , B Shashi kanth , Z Hussain , V Kiran kumar , B Manohar , P Someshwar , N Rajitha , B Yadagiri 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The e-donor 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (MHQ) and the e-acceptor 2, 4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) were both involved in the synthesis of a new charge transfer (CT) complex, which was then characterized experimentally as well as theoretically. The CT complex has a 1:1 stoichiometry. Formation constant (KCT), Molar absorptivity (εCT) and other spectroscopic physical measurements can all be determined with the help of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. Several spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze the produced solid compound. 1H NMR, FT-IR, P-XRD and SEM-EDX analyses all established the presence of charge in addition with proton transfer in the resulting complex. Analysis of the complex DNA binding capability was carried out via electron absorption spectroscopy; the CT complex binding mechanism was determined to be intercalative, and the intrinsic binding constant (Kb) value was determined to be 4.2 x 106 M-1. To corroborate the results of the experiments, theoretical calculations were performed using DFT with a basis set of CAM-B3LYP/6-31 G (d, p). In accordance with the experimental findings, we calculated and analyzed the electrostatic potential maps (MEPs), geometrical parameters and Mullikan charges. The presence of an H-bond also affects the stability of the complex, in addition to e-transfer. The experimental findings are in agreement with the DFT calculations.
Spectroscopic Characteristics and Radiative Parameters of Er+3 Doped Ternary Lead Bismuth Tellurite Glass: Judd-Ofelt Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Mawlud Saman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Er+ 3doped lead-bismuth tellurite glasses with the composition (75-x) TeO2 − 15 PbO – 10 Bi2O3 - xEr2O3 where (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mole%) were synthesized by using melt quenching technique. The influence of Er3+ doping was evaluated through physical and optical properties. The non-crystalline nature of the samples was analyzed by XRD. The density of the samples was increased from 6.387 to 6.528 g.cm− 3. The absorption spectra show eight transition bands corresponding to the transitions from 4I15/2 to 4I13/2, 4I11/2, 4I9/2, 4F9/2, 4S3/2, 4H11/2, 4F7/2 and 4F5/2, respectively. The experimental and calculated oscillator strengths were calculated based on the Judd-Ofelt theory. The intensity parameters follow the trend Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4. Three emission bands were observed from the fluorescence spectra. The green transition 4S3/2 →4I15/2 is the strongest among other transitions. The color coordinates were determined by using CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The highest quantum efficiency was 95.11% for the transition 4S3/2 →4I15/2. The results suggest that the TPBE2 glass is a great promising candidate for photonic applications and fabrication of laser optical devices.
Envelope versus Triangular flap design: A Third Molar Surgery study in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Gunjan , Upadhyaya Chandan , Chaurasia Nitesh , Dulal Sanad , Jwarchan Roshani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study was carried out in Nepal comparing the two most commonly used flap design employed in the removal of impacted 3rd molar in terms of postoperative outcomes- pain, swelling, trismus, alveolar osteitis and wound infection.
Materials and method
Forty-six patients (age ranged from 17 to 40 years) with bilateral, symmetrical impacted third molars (n = 45) were included in the study. One side impaction was removed using the envelope flap then after a month time other side impaction was removed using the triangular flap. Postoperative outcomes- pain, swelling, trismus, presence of alveolar osteitis and wound infection were compared. Mann-Whitney U test and independent sample T-test were used for data analysis.
Result
Facial swelling was low in cases of the envelope flap design and it was statistically significant on postoperative day 2nd (P < 0.05). Amount of mouth opening reduction was seen more in cases with the triangular flap with statistically significant (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 14th. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of two flap designs were comparable. There was equal incidence of alveolar osteitis and no cases of wound infection in either flap design.
Conclusion
The envelope flap design has shown superior postoperative outcomes compared to the triangular flap design regarding the post-operative swelling and mouth-opening reduction.
Clinical Relevance:
Within the limitation of our study, we recommend the use of envelope flap design in third molar surgery cases.
Biostimulants can alter the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (or natural products) and expression of related genes in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
Authors: Shahri Faride Noroozi , Honarmand Saeid Jalali , Saeidi Mohsen , Mondani Farzad , Kahrizi Danial 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To evaluate the agronomic, physiologic, and biochemical responses of the medicinal plant Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), an experiment was conducted with repeated measurements under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were four concentrations of smoke-water (SW) as a new family of plant growth regulators (including 1:5000, 1:1000. 1:500, and 1:100 (v/v)) accompanied by cytokinin (BAP), auxin (IAA), and gibberellic acid (GA3) (each of them with concentration 50 µM) and control in two harvest stages with three replications. This work aimed to study the yield and compositions of essential oils in Lemon balm under foliar application of the above treatments. Moreover, in this regard, the expression pattern of important genes related to essential oil compounds' biosynthesis pathways was studied. The gene expression was monitored by microarray technology and was carried out by Zagros Bioidea Company. Microarrays were designed by Imaxio, which has been accredited by Agilent Technologies. The SW at concentration 1:100 (v/v) recorded a significantly greater yield of essential oils compared to the control. The results of GC-Mass and gene expression showed that GA3 and SW at concentration 1:100 (v/v) caused to up-regulate the expression rate of geranial dehydrogenase and E-citral synthase that is increasing the amount of E-citral (26.53%) in lemon balm essence. However, overexpression of Z-citral synthase was not significant. The Z-citral level increased under all foliar treatments, especially cytokinin (28.34%). These findings suggest the possible use of SW for promoting the essential oils yield and accumulation of secondary metabolites in lemon balm.
Variations in permafrost environments determine populations and leaf traits of two closely related common shrub species (Rhododendron subsect. Ledum) in Interior Alaska
Authors: Amada Gaku , Iwahana Go , Noguchi Kyotaro , Matsuura Yojiro , Kim Yongwon , Lee Bang‐Yong , Kobayashi Hideki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Permafrost considerably influences boreal forest ecosystems by constraining the niche space of woody plants. The permafrost influence on the ecosystems could dramatically change with permafrost thawing owing to recent rapid climate warming. However, it remains unclear how shrub species dominating the understory in boreal forests are associated with the permafrost environments. We investigated two closely related common shrubs, Labrador teas (Ericaceae,Rhododendron subsect. Ledum): R. groenlandicum and R. tomentosum, which exist sympatrically in the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Interior Alaska. We employed field surveys and trait measurements across permafrost gradients under the same climatic conditions to examine the associations among permafrost environments, populations, and leaf traits of the two species. Contrastive habitats were found between the two species: R. groenlandicum is abundant under darker, drier, thicker-active-layer conditions, whereas R. tomentosum is common under brighter, wetter, thinner-active-layer conditions. This suggests that habitat segregation between these species occurs in the discontinuous permafrost zone. Rhododendron tomentosum dominating permafrost conditions had more conservative leaves compared to R. groenlandicum. Moreover, both species had more conservative leaves under permafrost conditions. These intraspecific variations were mainly directly associated with canopy openness in R. groenlandicumbut with active-layer thickness in R. tomentosum. In summary, our study suggests that large environmental variations driven by the inhomogeneous permafrost distributions can lead to the sympatric distributions of closely related shrub species in the discontinuous permafrost zone, and that the conservative leaves can contribute to their adaptation under permafrost conditions.
Multi-Omics analysis identified DNA methylation and miRNAs mediated gene regulatory networks in Psoriasis
Authors: Laha Sayantan , Senapati Swapan , Chatterjee Gobinda , Chatterjee Raghunath 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Psoriasis is a complex, autoimmune skin disease characterized by a reversible albeit relapsing predisposition in the skin of a patient. Insights into the regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels are instrumental into further understanding of the multi-factorial gene regulation of the disease etiology and pathogenesis. In our study, we have carried out multi-omics integrative analysis of total RNA-sequencing, small RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation profiling from the psoriatic and adjacent normal skin tissues. Our multi-omics analysis have identified the genes and biological processes regulated by DNA methylation and microRNAs either independently or in combination. Gene enrichment networks and pathway analysis demonstrated that miRNAs are the sole mediators in cell cycle progression and checkpoint signaling, regulating keratinocyte hyper-proliferation, one of the prominent factor for skin phenotype observed in psoriatic tissues. DNA methylation contrarily was more predominant in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, another causative factor in psoriasis pathogenesis. Several key processes implicated in disease pathogenesis were governed by combination of both regulatory mechanisms including Th17 cell differentiation and JAK-STAT signaling. The reversible nature of DNA methylation and miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression illustrate the importance of our findings from multi-omics analysis to understand a complex disease with reversible phenotype.