bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of headwater contact zones for the riverine barrier hypothesis: a case study of the Blue-capped Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata)
Authors: Moncrieff Andre E , Faircloth Brant C , Remsen Rosalind C , Hiller Anna E , Felix Cristhian , Capparella Angelo P , Aleixo Alexandre , Valqui Thomas , Brumfield Robb T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rivers frequently delimit the geographic ranges of species in the Amazon Basin. These rivers also define the boundaries between genetic clusters within many species, yet river boundaries have been documented to break down in headwater regions where rivers are narrower. To explore the evolutionary implications of headwater contact zones in Amazonia, we examined genetic variation in the Blue-capped Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata), a species previously shown to contain several genetically and phenotypically distinct populations across the western Amazon Basin. We collected restriction site-associated DNA sequence data (RADcap) for 706 individuals and found that spatial patterns of genetic structure indicate several rivers, particularly the Amazon and Ucayali, are dispersal barriers for L. coronata. We also found evidence that genetic connectivity is elevated across several headwater regions, highlighting the importance of headwater gene flow for models of Amazonian diversification. The headwater region of the Ucayali River provided a notable exception to findings of headwater gene flow by harboring non-admixed populations of L. coronata on opposite sides of a &lt; 1-km-wide river channel with a known dynamic history, suggesting that additional prezygotic barriers may be limiting gene flow in this region.
Riverine flow rate drives widespread convergence in the shell morphology of imperiled freshwater mussels
Authors: Keogh Sean M , Pfeiffer John M , Simons Andrew M , Edie Stewart M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFrequent and strong morphological convergence suggests that determinism tends to supersede historical contingencies in evolutionary radiations. For many lineages living within the water column of rivers and streams, hydrodynamic forces drive widespread morphological convergence. Living below the sediment-water interface may release organisms from these hydrodynamic pressures, permitting a broad array of morphologies, and thus less convergence. However, we show here that the semi-infaunal freshwater mussels have environmentally determined convergence in shell morphology. Using 3D morphometric data from 715 individuals among 164 Nearctic species, we find that species occurring in rivers with high flow rates have evolved traits that resist dislodgement from their burrowed position in the streambed: thicker shells for their body size, with the thickest sector of the shell being the most deeply buried. Species occurring in low flow environments have evolved thinner and more uniformly thickened shells, corresponding to an alternative adaptation to dislodgement: increased burrowing efficiency. Within species, individuals also show increased shell thickness for their body size at higher flow rates, suggesting that ecophenotypy may, in part, be an important mechanism for establishing populations in new environments and thus evolutionary divergence in this highly imperiledinvertebrate group.
Habitat-associated Genomic Variation in a Wall Lizard from an Oceanic Island
Authors: Brown Richard P , Sun Hui , Jin Yuanting , Meloro Carlo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The lizard Teira dugesii exhibits morphological divergence between beach and inland habitats in the face of gene flow, within the volcanic island of Madeira, Portugal. Here, we analyzed genomic data obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing, which provided 16,378 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 94 individuals sampled from 15 sites across Madeira. Ancient within-island divergence in allopatry appears to have mediated divergence in similar species within other Atlantic islands, but this hypothesis was not supported for T. dugesii. Across all samples, a total of 168 SNPs were classified as statistical outliers using pcadapt and OutFLANK. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that 17 of these outliers were associated with beach/inland habitats. The SNPs were located within 16 sequence tags and 15 of these were homologous with sequences in a 31 Mb region on chromosome 3 of a reference wall lizard genome (the remaining tag could not be associated with any chromosome). We further investigated outliers through contingency analyses of allele frequencies at each of four pairs of adjacent beach–inland sites. The majority of the outliers detected by the RDA were confirmed at two pairs of these matched sites. These analyses also suggested some parallel divergence at different localities. Six other outliers were associated with site elevation, four of which were located on chromosome 5 of the reference genome. Our study lends support to a previous hypothesis that divergent selection between gray shingle beaches and inland regions overcomes gene flow and leads to the observed morphological divergence between populations in these adjacent habitats.
Is Geropsychology “Forever Young” on the Mother Continent? Addressing the Limited Research on Psychology of Aging in Africa
Authors: Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika , Thuku Pauline , Cassimjee Nafisa , Mbuthia Kezia , Olawa Babatola D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Our paper highlights areas of interest to psychologists studying aging in Africa and what has already been learned about aspects of psychological aging from studies done in the African context. We also considered whether there are issues that are unique about aging in the African context that might challenge how aging is typically considered in psychology research.

Methods
We reviewed articles recently published in major gerontology journals focusing on African older adults, with the goal of identifying key themes of current geropsychology in Africa.

Results
We identified a number of dominant themes including: subjective aging, psychosocial impact of widowhood at old age, aging in place, stress and caregiving, cognitive aging, interrelations between HIV and aging, and successful aging.

Discussion
The themes of psychological aging research identified as especially relevant in Africa provide a starting point for psychological aging researchers in general to engage with the African context. Many African countries may be facing common challenges, but the existing studies are not fully representative of the aging population in the continent. Creating a framework for organizing and coordinating funding will help to address the limited research on geropsychology in Africa. Collaborative research projects/programs, joint classrooms, and fellowships that support African geropsychology scholars will be helpful. Geropsychology will benefit from more engagement with the African context by applying innovative approaches such as the adoption of longitudinal designs, mixed-method research, Experience Sampling Methods, translation of measures into indigenous languages, involvement of rural samples, and implementation science and community-engaged research.
Housing Environmental Factors Driving Falls Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Li Shaojie , Cui Guanghui , Er Yuliang , Ye Pengpeng , Xue Tao , Zhang Junfeng (Jim) , Liu Xiaoyun , Duan Leilei , Lv Faqin , Yao Yao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Housing is one of the main places where falls occur; however, few studies have examined housing environmental factors driving fall risk. This study aimed to explore the associations between housing environmental factors and falls in China.

Research Design and Methods
The study included data of middle-aged and older adults aged ≥45 years from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We assessed 7 housing environmental factors: building materials, toilet types, household tidiness, household cooking fuels, and access to electricity, running water, and bathing facilities. Based on these, we divided housing environments into 3 types: good (0–2 poor factors), moderate (3–5 poor factors), and poor (6–7 poor factors). Falls incidence (yes or no) was self-reported during the survey period. We applied the Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the associations, adjusting for a set of covariates such as sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, and disease status.

Results
A total of 12,382 participants were analyzed, and the incidence of falls was 31.7%. According to the fully adjusted model, having a squatting toilet (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.26), household untidiness (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.18), and solid fuel use for cooking (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02–1.18) were associated with a higher risk of falls (ps &lt; .05), compared to their counterparts. We found a linear relationship between housing environments and falls (p for trend = .001). Specifically, moderate (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.06–1.27) and poor housing environments (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08–1.34) were associated with a higher risk of falls compared to a good housing environment.

Discussion and Implications
Among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, a better household environment, including sitting toilets, tidy living conditions, and clean fuel use for cooking, may reduce the risk of falls. The evidence from our study suggests the need to implement age-friendly housing environments to prevent falls and disability in an aging society.
Crustal and uppermost mantle structure near the Gloria Fault, North Atlantic, from ocean bottom seismometer surface wave observations
Authors: Pinzón Juan I , Custódio Susana , Silveira Graça , Krüger Frank , Mata João , Matias Luis 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
In this work, we present both 1-D and 3-D shear wave velocity (Vs) models of the oceanic crust and uppermost mantle below the Deep OCean Test ARray area, located ∼ 70 km north of the central section of the Gloria Fault, in the eastern North-Atlantic Ocean. The velocity models are inferred from the dispersion of surface waves recorded on ocean bottom seismometers. Dispersion measurements are obtained from the analysis of ambient seismic noise at short periods (&lt; 14 s) and teleseismic surface waves at long periods (&gt; 14 s) using the two-station method. The 1-D Vs model is inferred from the joint inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities and Love wave group and phase velocities. The 3-D tomographic model is obtained by inversion of 2-D Love wave group velocity maps as a function of depth, further constrained by the average of Love wave phase velocities obtained from ambient noise (4–9 s) and the average Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities calculated from teleseismic data (14–44 s).
The 1-D Vs model shows a sediment layer with a low velocity of 1.05 km s−1, similar to previous studies in the region. Below the sediments, we find an oceanic crust with velocities ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 km s−1. The model reaches an unusually high velocity of 4.9 km s−1 in a 20 km thick layer at depths between 16 and 36 km. We interpret this fast velocity layer as indicative of the presence of harzburgite, a residue of enhanced melting that might have been formed by the proximity between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Azores mantle plume. At greater depths the velocity decreases, forming a low-velocity zone that reaches a minimum at ∼ 70 km depth, which we interpret as the maximum depth for the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary. The 3-D model shows a structure that is mostly horizontally layered, with Vs isocontours at 3.5–4.5 km s−1 highlighting oscillations of the crustal structure with wavelengths of ∼25–30 km. These oscillations may be due to changes in the rate of mantle upwelling and magma supply rate.
When History Empowers: Recovering the Life Stories of the Begums of Bhopal for Women’s Learning and Gender Equality
Authors: Lambert-Hurley Siobhan , Iyengar Radhika , Ali Nafhesa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bhopal in central India has a unique history as a city ruled by a dynasty of four successive Muslim women rulers (1819–1926). Yet, in Bhopal city today, they are rarely commemorated or even remembered. This article documents an initial study undertaken by an interdisciplinary academic team (including a historian, a sociologist and an applied education researcher) in collaboration with local women’s organization Mahashakti Seva Kendra. The project explores how the inspirational life stories of the Begums of Bhopal can be recovered to empower contemporary women, revealing the immediate impact and future potential of local history for women’s learning and gender empowerment.
Archival Trials: Unpublished Records from the Allahabad High Court
Authors: McClure Alastair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years legal historians of South Asia have demonstrated the value of moving beyond traditional state archives and published law reports by retrieving records left in working courts. Building on this scholarship, this essay presents reflections from time spent with the unpublished historic records of the Allahabad High Court. The essay begins by examining two unpublished cases retrieved from these records. I then consider how more careful attention to the historical development of the legal record might encourage new ways of thinking through the politics of the colonial archive.
Identifying the abiotic factors that determine the inland range limits of a mesic-adapted lizard species
Authors: Farquhar Jules E , Russell Wyn , Chapple David G 
Published: October 2023

Synopsis
For most species, the factors that determine geographical range limits are unknown. In mesic-adapted species, populations occurring near the edge of the species’ distribution provide ideal study systems to investigate what limits distributional ranges. We aimed to identify the abiotic constraints that preclude an east-Australian mesic-adapted lizard (Lampropholis delicata) from occupying arid environments. We performed lizard surveys at sites spanning an elevation/aridity gradient (380–1070 m) and measured the prevalence of habitat features (logs, rocks, leaf litter, bare ground, solar radiation) in addition to hourly temperatures in a variety of microhabitats available to lizards. Species distribution models (SDM) were used to identify the macroclimatic variables limiting the species’ distribution. At its inland range limit, L. delicata is associated with mesic high-elevation forests with complex microhabitat structures, which gradually decline in availability toward lower (and more arid) elevations where the species is absent. Moreover, L. delicata is absent from sites with a shallow leaf litter layer, in which daily temperatures exceed the species’ thermal preference range, which we determined in a laboratory thermal gradient. In regards to macroclimate, SDM revealed that temperature seasonality is the primary variable predicting the species’ distribution, suggesting that L. delicata avoids inland areas owing to their high annual thermal variability. By combining multiple lines of evidence, this research highlights that habitat and microclimate suitability—not solely macroclimate suitability—are important range-limiting factors for mesic ectotherms and should be incorporated in studies addressing range-limiting hypotheses.
Determinantal Varieties From Point Configurations on Hypersurfaces
Authors: Caminata Alessio , Moon Han-Bom , Schaffler Luca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider the scheme $X_{r,d,n}$ parameterizing $n$ ordered points in projective space $\mathbb {P}^{r}$ that lie on a common hypersurface of degree $d$. We show that this scheme has a determinantal structure, and we prove that it is irreducible, Cohen–Macaulay, and normal. Moreover, we give an algebraic and geometric description of the singular locus of $X_{r,d,n}$ in terms of Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity and $d$-normality. This yields a characterization of the singular locus of $X_{2,d,n}$ and $X_{3,2,n}$.
Adjunct Therapy With All-trans-Retinoic Acid Improves Therapeutic Efficacy Through Immunomodulation While Treating Tuberculosis With Antibiotics in Mice
Authors: Singh Baldeep , Pahuja Isha , Yadav Priyanka , Shaji Aishwarya , Chaturvedi Shivam , Ranganathan Anand , Dwivedi Ved Prakash , Das Gobardhan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tuberculosis is the second leading infectious killer after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Standard antitubercular drugs exhibit various limitations like toxicity, long treatment regimens, and lack of effect against dormant and drug-resistant organisms. Here, we report that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) improves Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance in mice during treatment with the antitubercular drug isoniazid. Interestingly, ATRA promoted activities of lysosomes and mitochondria, and production of various inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Furthermore, ATRA upregulated the expression of genes of lipid metabolism pathways in macrophages. We demonstrated that ATRA activated the MEK/ERK pathway in macrophages in vitro and MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in mice. Finally, ATRA induced both Th1 and Th17 responses in lungs and spleens of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. Together, these data indicate that ATRA provides beneficial adjunct therapeutic value by modulating MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways and thus warrants further testing for human use.
Characterization of potential probiotic starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Ethiopian fermented cereal beverages, Naaqe, and Cheka
Authors: Gizachew Seyoum , Van Beeck Wannes , Spacova Irina , Dekeukeleire Max , Alemu Ashenafi , Mihret Wude , Lebeer Sarah , Engidawork Ephrem 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
To test the in vitro probiotic potential and starter culture capacity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Naaqe and Cheka, cereal-based Ethiopian traditional fermented beverages.

Methods and results
A total of 44 strains were isolated from spontaneously fermented Ethiopian cereal-based beverages, Naaqe and Cheka with 24 putatively identified as LAB and 14 identified up to the species level. The species Limosilactobacillus fermentum (6/12; 50%) and Weissella confusa (5/12, 41.67%) were the predominant species identified from Naaqe, while the two Cheka isolates were L. fermentum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Six LAB strains inhibited eight of the nine gastrointestinal indicator key pathogens in Ethiopia, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica var. Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, and Listeria monocytogenes. Three of the LAB isolates exhibited strain-specific immunostimulation in human monocytes. Based on these probiotic properties and growth, six strains were selected for in situ evaluation in a mock fermentation of Naaqe and Cheka. During primary fermentations, L. fermentum 73B, P. pentosaceus 74D, L. fermentum 44B, W. confusa 44D, L. fermentum 82C, and Weissella cibaria 83E and their combinations demonstrated higher pH-lowering properties and colony-forming unit counts compared to the control spontaneous fermentation. The same pattern was also observed in the secondary mock fermentation by the Naaqe LAB isolates.

Conclusions
In this study, we selected six LAB strains with antipathogenic, immunostimulatory, and starter culture potentials that can be used as autochthonous probiotic starters for Naaqe and Cheka fermentations once their health benefit is ascertained in a clinical trial as a next step.
Participant-guided development of bilingual genomic educational infographics for Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Phase IV study
Authors: Casillan Aimiel , Florido Michelle E , Galarza-Cornejo Jamie , Bakken Suzanne , Lynch John A , Chung Wendy K , Mittendorf Kathleen F , Berner Eta S , Connolly John J , Weng Chunhua , Holm Ingrid A , Khan Atlas , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Limdi Nita A , Petukhova Lynn , Sabatello Maya , Wynn Julia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Developing targeted, culturally competent educational materials is critical for participant understanding of engagement in a large genomic study that uses computational pipelines to produce genome-informed risk assessments.

Materials and Methods
Guided by the Smerecnik framework that theorizes understanding of multifactorial genetic disease through 3 knowledge types, we developed English and Spanish infographics for individuals enrolled in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network. Infographics were developed to explain concepts in lay language and visualizations. We conducted iterative sessions using a modified “think-aloud” process with 10 participants (6 English, 4 Spanish-speaking) to explore comprehension of and attitudes towards the infographics.

Results
We found that all but one participant had “awareness knowledge” of genetic disease risk factors upon viewing the infographics. Many participants had difficulty with “how-to” knowledge of applying genetic risk factors to specific monogenic and polygenic risks. Participant attitudes towards the iteratively-refined infographics indicated that design saturation was reached.

Discussion
There were several elements that contributed to the participants’ comprehension (or misunderstanding) of the infographics. Visualization and iconography techniques best resonated with those who could draw on prior experiences or knowledge and were absent in those without. Limited graphicacy interfered with the understanding of absolute and relative risks when presented in graph format. Notably, narrative and storytelling theory that informed the creation of a vignette infographic was most accessible to all participants.

Conclusion
Engagement with the intended audience who can identify strengths and points for improvement of the intervention is necessary to the development of effective infographics.
Emergency Colorectal Surgery in Those with Cirrhosis: A Population-based Study Assessing Practice Patterns, Outcomes and Predictors of Mortality
Authors: Zhang Lisa , Brennan Kelly , Flemming Jennifer A , Nanji Sulaiman , Djerboua Maya , Merchant Shaila J , Caycedo-Marulanda Antonio , Patel Sunil V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Those with cirrhosis who require emergency colorectal surgery are at risk for poor outcomes. Although risk predictions models exists, these tools are not specific to colorectal surgery, nor were they developed in a contemporary setting. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the outcomes in this population and determine whether cirrhosis etiology and/or the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD-Na) is associated with mortality.

Methods
This population-based study included those with cirrhosis undergoing emergent colorectal surgery between 2009 and 2017. All eligible individuals in Ontario were identified using administrative databases. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality.

Results
Nine hundred and twenty-seven individuals (57%) (male) were included. The most common cirrhosis etiology was non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (50%) and alcohol related (32%). Overall 90-day mortality was 32%. Multivariable survival analysis demonstrated those with alcohol-related disease were at increased risk of 90-day mortality (hazards ratio [HR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.0 vs. NAFLD [ref]). Surgery for colorectal cancer was associated with better survival (HR 0.27, 95%CI 0.16–0.47). In the subgroup analysis of those with an available MELD-Na score (n = 348/927, 38%), there was a strong association between increasing MELD-Na and mortality (score 20+ HR 6.6, 95%CI 3.9–10.9; score 10–19 HR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1–3.0; score &lt;10 [ref]).

Conclusion
Individuals with cirrhosis who require emergent colorectal surgery have a high risk of postoperative complications, including mortality. Increasing MELD-Na score is associated with mortality and can be used to risk stratify individuals.