bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Theory of Partial Truth
Authors: Fine Kit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, Kit Fine develops a theory of partial truth within the framework of truthmaker semantics. The notion of partial truth is meant to convey the idea that the facts can favor the truth of a proposition without thereby making it true. Beyond its intrinsic interest, the theory of partial truth is of help in understanding the related notions of partial content and verisimilitude. The theory Fine develops is hyperintensional in that it does not always treat classically equivalent propositions as identical, and it also makes truth simpliciter neither necessary nor sufficient for partial truth—a partially true proposition need not be true, and a true proposition need not be partially true. In addition to the notion of partial truth, the resources of the truthmaker framework permit Fine to define several related notions, including what he calls part-wise truth (a proposition is part-wise true if the facts favor its truth as opposed to its falsity) and partial lack of falsity.
Nihil Ulterius
Authors: Bruno G Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides an analysis of the questions to which Kant’s metaphysical and transcendental deductions are answers, namely and respectively, the question quid facti, concerning the origin of the categories, and the question quid juris, concerning our right to use the categories. Next, the chapter explains Fichte’s critique of Kant’s metaphysical deduction as a radically contingent and thus inadequate premise on which to rest the conclusions of Kant’s transcendental deductions. The chapter then shows that Fichte proposes a ‘genetic’ deduction of the categories, which proceeds by a dialectical movement of thought, in order to answer Kant’s two questions simultaneously and thereby secure scientific rigor for a transcendental idealist account of the categories as conditions of intelligibility. The chapter concludes by observing that Hegel develops Fichte’s dialectical logic into a presuppositionless and thus truly absolute science of intelligibility, thereby distinguishing the extent to which they each strive to eliminate radical contingency. This anticipates the full analysis of the nature and limitations of Hegel’s presuppositionless logic in Part II.
Nullifying Oppositions
Authors: Bruno G Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 explains Kant’s enlightenment ideal of rational cognition, according to which reason is the source of the form of cognition. Next, the chapter demonstrates Fichte’s radicalization of this ideal in his pursuit of an absolute science of intelligibility. It then shows that, despite commending Fichte for inspiring this pursuit, Hegel argues that Fichte falls short of total presuppositionlessness insofar as he tolerates the radical contingency of the opposition of the I and the not-I. This brute fact renders any genetic deduction of conditions of intelligibility on its basis rhapsodic and therefore unscientific. Diverging from a tendency among scholars, this chapter shows that Hegel critiques Fichte’s idealism not for being subjective as opposed to objective, but rather for being factical as opposed to scientific. The chapter concludes by articulating the logical method by which Hegel dialectically removes the last vestige of facticity in the Wissenschaftslehre, thereby completing the German idealist response to Kant’s question quid facti.
Seeking Help and Planning to Build Community
Authors: Boyd Neil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Continuing Amanda’s story, she hires consultant Susan to assist in developing a culture of community in the organization, and the large amount of data collected sets the stage for beginning to think about how to build community in the company. Amanda and Susan work together to execute their organization development and change plan. Amanda will also develop an appreciation for community-related concepts, models, and theory, and she will experience positive outcomes and learn lessons about various interventions. The chapter then briefly explores steps toward planning how to create communities at work and shares practical insights on how employees and managers can move forward with planning. The chapter will highlight recent scientific investigations that are helping us to understand how we can shape a better future where employees can experience thriving lives at work, and where managers can satisfy goals under their charge.
Violence and Nonresistance during the Transition to Democracy
Authors: Argomaniz Javier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 describes the political and security context in Basque Country during the transition to democracy in Spain. It details how the armed separatist group ETA was born during the Francoist dictatorship and its military capabilities were at its peak in the 1977–1980 period. During these years, as their victims were ignored, the killings of ETA militants were followed by labor strikes and mass demonstrations glorifying the “armed struggle” and inciting violence. The chapter also depicts the first instances of nonviolent resistance to political violence while explaining why the Basque social response to ETA’s terrorism was so limited during this period, restricted as it was to isolated events that lacked continuity.
The Ethics of Conceptualization
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Philosophy strives to give us a firmer hold on our concepts. But what about their hold on us? Why place ourselves under the sway of a concept and grant it the authority to shape our thought and conduct? Another conceptualization would carry different implications. What makes one way of thinking better than another? This book develops a framework for concept appraisal. Its guiding idea is that to question the authority of concepts is to ask for reasons of a special kind: reasons for concept use, which tell us which concepts to adopt, adhere to, or abandon, thereby shoring up—or undercutting—the reasons for action and belief that guide our deliberations. Traditionally, reasons for concept use have been sought either in timeless rational foundations or in concepts’ inherent virtues, such as precision and consistency. Against this, the book advances two main claims: that we find reasons for concept use in the conceptual needs we discover when we critically distance ourselves from a concept by viewing it from the autoethnographic stance; and that sometimes, concepts that conflict, or exhibit other vices such as vagueness or superficiality, are just what we need. By considering not what concepts are absolutely best, but what concepts we now need, we can reconcile ourselves to the contingency of our concepts, determine the proper place of efforts to tidy up thought, and adjudicate between competing conceptions of things—even things as contested as liberty or free will. A needs-based approach separates helpful clarification from hobbling tidy-mindedness, and authoritative definition from conceptual gerrymandering.
The Authority Question
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter clarifies the basic question from which the book sets out: why should we grant a given concept the authority to shape our thought and conduct? The conceptual authority at issue in this ‘authority question’ is distinguished from the normativity of concepts, and the question is motivated by highlighting the power of conceptual architectures. The chapter then explores how the question finds expression in everyday discourse before arguing that many conceptualizations that do not involve anything as straightforward as an epistemic error nevertheless have something wrong with them. They pick out something alright, and do not make any obviously false presuppositions. But they nevertheless form proper targets of critique—of ethical critique, in the broad sense that includes all kinds of practically relevant considerations. Truth, justification, and knowledge are all very well, but they are not the only things we want from human thought.
Reasons for Reasons
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes the role of reasons for concept use, showing how they allow us to answer the authority question without crowding out other kinds of reasons that transcend preoccupation with human concerns or with the instrumentality of concepts. A needs-based conception of conceptual authority is articulated, on which concepts are authoritative if and to the extent that they meet the conceptual needs we have in virtue of concerns we identify with and would still endorse after well-informed reflection on the merits of those concerns and how we came by them. The contours of this conception are sharpened by contrasting it with alternative conceptions of authority. The chapter then defuses the worry that this yields the wrong kind of reasons, and argues that the worry overlooks some of our most important reasons to prefer certain concepts over others. Finally, it is explored in what sense concepts can be valuable good-for-nothings.
The Essential Superficiality of the Voluntary
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter applies the needs-based approach to a contested concept that has long been at the heart of debates over free will and responsibility: the concept of the voluntary. This further illustrates the approach and underscores two insights it yields: that powerful concerns can distort our conceptualizations out of the shape in which they best serve the balance of our concerns; and that sometimes, there are good reasons to favour concepts exhibiting what the tidy-minded would consider a defect, namely superficiality. Our conception of voluntariness is essentially superficial, as it can only serve our concerns if we refrain from deepening it. After showing how a superficial conception serves the concerns for fairness and freedom, it is suggested that theories trying to deepen our conception of voluntariness are morally motivated and exemplify a problematic moralization of psychology—they warp our conceptualization of psychology to ensure that moral demands can be met.
Conclusion: Tailoring Thought to Need
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This concluding chapter underscores what we gain by thinking in terms of second-order reasons, and identifies the reasons advanced by the book itself as third-order reasons: reasons to count conceptual needs as second-order reasons to heed certain first-order reasons, and reasons against counting the considerations cited by foundationalism, ironism, and holism as second-order reasons. On the resulting view, conceptual needs do not merely constrain our choices of concepts. They can positively inform and guide them. In closing, it is indicated how the research programme embodied by the needs-based approach might be pursued further, and how it opens out into wider questions of application and implementation.
Introduction
Authors: Trencsényi Balázs 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers both a thematic and a methodological overview of the book and sets out its main underlying assumptions. It argues that the reconstruction of the modern discourses of crisis provides a unique insight into key political and intellectual controversies that have come to shape modernity. It engages critically with Reinhart Koselleck’s interpretation of the interplay of critique and crisis. While Koselleck originally focused on the long shadows of the Enlightenment, seeking to discern the (patho)genesis of political modernity as such, this chapter argues that this interpretative framework might also be tested on other periods and different cultural contexts. Along these lines, there has been an increasing scholarly consensus on crisis not just existing “out there,” but having its own intrinsic conceptual dynamic. From this perspective, crisis discourses can be understood as “speech acts,” which negotiate, legitimize, challenge, and (in some cases) even undermine the political order. Turning to the analysis of the interwar period, the historiographical image of which for a long time was dominated by the dramatic fall of the Weimar Republic, this chapter sketches out a broader comparative and transnational framework, which in turn can offer us insights about the crisis discourses of the twenty-first century as well.
The Morphology of Modern Crisis Discourses
Authors: Trencsényi Balázs 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the conceptual transformation of crisis from the eighteenth to the early-twentieth century. It analyzes Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s conceptualization and points out its future-oriented and classical (temporally cyclical) layers of meaning. Subsequently, it revisits several important nineteenth-century instances of the political use of the notion, from Karl Marx to Jacob Burckhardt. Turning to the period of the First World War, it registers the conceptual expansion of the term but also the limits of its use, referring more to political conflicts than cultural or ideological transformations. From this perspective, the interwar conceptualizations can be considered not only quantitatively but also qualitatively different, marked by the shift of underlying temporalities, which can also be seen in the rise of an anti-modernist discursive modality, co-existing in a dynamic tension with modernism.
Crisis of Social Cohesion
Authors: Trencsényi Balázs 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the uses of crisis discourse for problematizing the social relations in interwar Europe. It argues that the criticism of (old and new) elites and the discourses focusing on demography, generational transmission, and the peasantry were closely connected to each other. Looking at these threads, this chapter concludes that most of the key tropes of the diagnosis on the crisis of social cohesion yielded themselves readily for populist discursive modalities. The reason for this was the populist propensity to contrast the “organic community” with “inorganic,” “artificial,” or “alien” social actors, as well as the antipolitical overtones inherent to the biopolitical and generational discourses. However, this overview also indicates that it is futile to try to place these populist tropes on a one-dimensional Left–Right continuum. They could be used by very different projects, and they often served precisely as mediators or even coagulators of new ideological combinations, on a broad ideological spectrum, transgressing and problematizing the binary opposition of Left and Right.
Long Shadows of the Interwar Crises
Authors: Trencsényi Balázs 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter reconstructs the afterlives of the interwar crisis discourses following the end of the Second World War on both sides of the descending Iron Curtain. 1945 has been usually perceived as a fundamental turning point and the concept of crisis also became much less central to political discourse than in the interwar years. At the same time, there were also remarkable continuities that linked the pre- and post-Second World War periods structurally and ideologically, for example, between interwar right-wing national authoritarianism and state socialism or interwar Ordoliberalismus and postwar social market economy. Along these lines, the chapter reconstructs the impact of some of the “crisis-ridden” turning points, such as 1956, 1968, the Energy Crisis of the 1970s, 1989, or 2008. All this provides a framework of interpretation for the entanglement of the discourse of crisis with populism and neoliberalism, which seemed mutually incompatible for many observers until recently, but which are historically linked precisely through their interwar ideological affinities.
RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys (c.14429G&gt;A) is associated with extracranial arterial stenosis
Authors: Shimada Daisuke , Miyawaki Satoru , Nakanishi Kaoru , Jono Takashi , Maruoka Hibiku , Kawai Takuya , Harada Yoichi , Kono Takuji , Komatsubara Koichiro , Nakauchi Jun , Matsumoto Yoshie , Okada Kei , Dofuku Shogo , Hongo Hiroki , Mitsui Jun , Teranishi Yu , Ohara Kenta , Ishigami Daiichiro , Sakai Yu , Kawano Hiroyuki , Noguchi Akio , Nakatomi Hirofumi , Saito Nobuhito , Hirano Teruyuki , Shiokawa Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) p.Arg4810Lys (c.14429G &gt; A) is associated with intracranial artery stenosis; however, its association with extracranial artery stenosis remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the clinical significance and association of RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys with stroke subtypes, extracranial artery stenosis, and maximum intima-media thickness. A cohort of 600 patients with stroke prospectively collected over 1 year was assessed for the presence of RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys. A total of 1202 patients served as controls. The association of RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys with various stroke subtypes was studied. In sub-analyses, the association of RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys with intracranial artery stenosis/extracranial artery stenosis and maximum intima-media thickness were assessed. RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys was more common in patients with stroke (3.3%) than in those without stroke (1.1%). RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys was significantly associated with stroke. Among various stroke subtypes, large-artery atherosclerosis, both due to intracranial artery stenosis and extracranial artery stenosis, was most significantly associated with RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys. In the sub-analysis, intracranial artery stenosis-only, extracranial artery stenosis-only, and concurrent intracranial artery stenosis and extracranial artery stenosis groups were significantly associated with RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys, regardless of stroke type (adjusted odds ratio, 3.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–10.60; P= 0.014, adjusted odds ratio, 7.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–32.77; P= 0.013, adjusted odds ratio, 11.68; 95% confidence interval, 4.25–32.07; P 0.001, respectively). RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys was associated with increased maximum intima-media thickness, measured using carotid artery ultrasonography (multiple regression analysis β = 0.165; P = 0.004). These results were replicated in an independent validation cohort. In conclusion, RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys increases the risk of stroke. In addition to intracranial artery stenosis, RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys is associated with extracranial artery stenosis and maximum intima-media thickness. Evaluating RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys may help predict the incidence and type of stroke.
Stressors and Resources Among Adult Child Caregivers in the Presence or Absence of Siblings
Authors: Skoblow Hanamori F , Gilligan Megan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Recent attention has focused on understanding later-life caregiving networks, emphasizing how multiple adult children within the same family navigate parental care. However, families with one child are increasingly common, and we know little about how adult only children experience caregiving and whether their experiences differ from those with siblings. Therefore, this study assessed differences in caregiving experiences between adult child caregivers with and without siblings and whether associations between caregiving experiences and mental health (i.e., psychological well-being and distress) vary by sibling presence.

Research Design and Methods
We used cross-sectional data from 1,773 adult child caregivers (12% without siblings; Mage = 56.75 [9.23]) in the National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving. We conducted t-tests and a series of multivariate regressions with interactions to test hypotheses.

Results
Adult only child caregivers reported more financial difficulty with care than respondents with siblings. The negative association between emotional difficulty of care and psychological well-being was stronger among adult children without siblings. Informal support was positively associated with psychological well-being only for adult children with siblings, although this may be accounted for by race and ethnicity.

Discussion and Implications
Findings suggest that adult only children may be at elevated risks of the financial difficulties and the emotional consequences of parental care provision. Further, informal support may be less protective for adult only children’s well-being. Given the increasing prevalence of single-child families, more research is needed to better understand and support adult only children caring for parents.
Data-space cross-validation of mantle structure in global tomographic models underneath the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Wamba Mathurin D , Simons Frederik J , Irving Jessica C E 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Seismic tomography is a principal method for studying mantle structure, but imaging of Earth’s wave speed anomalies is conditioned by seismic wave sampling. Global models use misfit criteria that may strive for balance between portions of the data set but can leave important regional domains underserved. We evaluate two full-waveform global tomography wave speed models, GLAD-M25 (Global adjoint tomography model) and SEMUCB-WM1 (whole-mantle tomography model derived from fully numerical spectral element method forward modelling), in the mantle below the Pacific Ocean. The region of the South Pacific Superswell contains multiple hotspots which may be fed by plumes anchored in the Large Low Shear-Velocity Province at the base of the mantle. The uneven distribution of seismic receivers worldwide leaves several candidate plumes beneath various hotspots poorly resolved. We assess the regional quality of GLAD-M25 relative to its global performance using a partition of the seismic waveform data used in its construction. We evaluate synthetic waveforms computed using the spectral-element method to determine how well they fit the data according to a variety of criteria measured across multiple seismic phases and frequency bands. The distributions of traveltime anomalies that remain in GLAD-M25 are wider for trans-Pacific paths than globally, suggesting comparatively insufficiently resolved seismic velocity structure in the region of interest. Hence, Pacific-centred regional inversions, based on (augmented) subsets of the global data set have the potential to enhance the resolution of velocity structure. We compare GLAD-M25 and SEMUCB-WM1 by cross-validation with a new, independent, data set. Our results reveal that short- and long-wavelength structure is captured differently by the two models. Our findings lead us to recommend focusing future model iteration on and around the Pacific Superswell and adding data that sample new corridors, especially using ocean sensors, to better constrain seismic velocity structure in this area of significant geodynamic complexity.