bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenomedullin and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ruzicska Eva , Toth Miklos , Tulassay Zsolt , Somogyi Aniko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdrenomedullin (AM) is a novel 52 amino acid peptide hormone, originally isolated from human pheochromocytoma. AM acts as a local autocrine and/or paracrine vasoactive hormone and has vasodilator and blood pressure lowering properties. AM as a vasodilative molecule protects the vascular wall but its exact role is still uncertain. AM is considered to play an important endocrine role in various tissues in maintaining electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. Its plasma concentration in healthy conditions is low. In hypertension, chronic renal failure and congestive heart failure its plasma concentration increases in a parallel manner with the severity of the disease. It is assumed that this peptide plays an important role in physiological and pathological conditions compensating the effects of vasoconstrictive molecules. Investigations have proven that in diabetic angiopathies the levels and production of vasoconstrictive factors and AM are increased, while other relaxing substances such as nitric oxide (NO) are decreased. It is still uncertain whether the increased release of AM is a compensatory mechanism or a coincidental event. Although the precise role of AM in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications is still to be elucidated, the altered concentration of AM in diabetes could indicate a certain interaction between AM induction and vascular function. Hence, the induction of vascular AM can be a new target of therapeutic approach to diabetic complications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications
Authors: Hansen Svend Høime 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ubiquitously found β‐amino acid taurine has several physiological functions, e.g. in bile acid formation, as an osmolyte by cell volume regulation, in the heart, in the retina, in the formation ofN‐chlorotaurine by reaction with hypochlorous acid in leucocytes, and possibly for intracellular scavenging of carbonyl groups. Some animals, such as the cat and the C57BL/6 mouse, have disturbances in taurine homeostasis. The C57BL/6 mouse strain is widely used in diabetic and atherosclerotic animal models. In diabetes, the high extracellular levels of glucose disturb the cellular osmoregulation and sorbitol is formed intracellularly due to the intracellular polyol pathway, which is suspected to be one of the key processes in the development of diabetic late complications and associated cellular dysfunctions. Intracellular accumulation of sorbitol is most likely to cause depletion of other intracellular compounds including osmolytes such asmyo‐inositol and taurine. When considering the clinical complications in diabetes, several links can be established between altered taurine metabolism and the development of cellular dysfunctions in diabetes which cause the clinical complications observed in diabetes, e.g. retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, platelet aggregation, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Possible therapeutic perspectives could be a supplementation with taurine and other osmolytes and low‐molecular compounds, perhaps in a combinational therapy with aldose reductase inhibitors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Islet autoantibodies in cord blood: maternal, fetal, or neither?
Authors: Rewers Marian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn high‐risk type 1 diabetes populations, up to 3% of the general population newborns may express islet autoantibodies in cord blood and the vast majority of those appear to be maternal autoantibodies that disappear usually before the age of 9 months. Despite recent progress in standardization of autoantibody assays, some of the findings appear to be artifacts or non‐IgG‐mediated binding phenomena. It remains unclear whether transplacentally transmitted maternal autoantibodies play any role in protecting the offspring of diabetic women from diabetes. The evidence for fetal production of islet autoantibodies is very limited and remains to be validated in large prospective studies currently underway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thyroid hormone regulation of a transcriptional coactivator in Xenopus laevis: Implication for a role in postembryonic tissue remodeling
Authors: Amano Tosikazu , Leu Kimberly , Yoshizato Katsutoshi , Shi Yun‐Bo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) affects biological processes by regulating gene transcription through TH receptors (TRs). In the presence of TH, TR activates target gene transcription by recruiting one or more transcription coactivators belonging to diverse groups. Here, we demonstrate that during TH‐dependent anuran metamorphosis, one such coactivator gene, the Xenopus laevis homolog of human Trip7, is up‐regulated by TH. Kinetic studies suggest that Xenopus Trip7 is most likely induced indirectly by TH in a tissue‐dependent manner. In the intestine, which undergoes extensive remodeling as the animal changes from being herbivorous to carnivorous, Trip7 is expressed at high levels during but not before or after metamorphosis. It is also up‐regulated in other growing or remodeling tissues such as the brain and limb but not in degenerating tadpole tail skin. By using frog oocyte as a model, we show that Trip7 influences basal transcription in a chromatin structure‐dependent manner but enhances the function of liganded TR regardless of the chromatin structure of the target promoter. In vitro studies indicate that Trip7 interacts directly with TR. These results suggest that during Xenopus metamorphosis, TH up‐regulates, albeit indirectly, Trip7 to enhance TR function during larval‐to‐adult tissue transformation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse dystrophin enhancer preferentially targets lacZ expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Authors: Marshall Philip , Chartrand Nathalie , De Repentigny Yves , Kothary Rashmi , Pelletier Louise , Mueller Rudi , Worton Ronald G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a muscle wasting disease that results from a dystrophin deficiency in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Studies concerning the regulatory elements that govern dystrophin gene expression in skeletal and/or cardiac muscle in both mouse and human have identified a promoter and an enhancer located in intron 1. In transgenic mice, the muscle promoter alone targets the expression of a lacZ reporter gene only to the right ventricle of the heart, suggesting the need for other regulatory elements to target skeletal muscle and the rest of the heart. Here we report that the mouse dystrophin enhancer from intron 1 can target the expression of a lacZ reporter gene in skeletal muscle as well as in other heart compartments of transgenic mice. Our results also suggest that sequences surrounding the mouse dystrophin enhancer may affect its function throughout mouse development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gradients and forward spreading of vertebrate Hox gene expression detected by using a Hox/lacZ transgene
Authors: Gaunt Stephen J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractElucidation of the kinetics with which vertebrate Hox expression patterns develop may help us to choose between various models already proposed to explain this process. The chick Hoxa‐7/lacZ transgene, expressed in mouse embryos, changes over time in the distribution of its activity along the developing posterior to anterior axis. During an establishment (E) phase (lasting at least up to 10 days) expression is graded from highest levels posteriorly, to low levels anteriorly. Within the graded domain, the overall level of expression spreads forward with time along both neurectoderm and paraxial mesoderm. Spreading in expression is not due to movement of cells, but to increases in both the proportion of lacZ expressing cells and the intensity of expression per cell. By 10.8 days, embryos have reached a late (L) phase in which an anterior up‐regulation in expression, together with a posterior down‐regulation, cause the graded nature of the expression to be lost. E and L phases are also seen for Hox gene expression detected by in situ hybridization. The switch from E to L occurs at progressively later times as we move 3′ to 5′ along the Hox cluster. The results are in keeping with models in which Hox genes become differentially expressed according to a graded concentration of an inducer. Binding motifs for the caudal (cdx) proteins, already proposed as such inducers, are conserved in mouse and chick Hoxa‐7 enhancer elements. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An SNF2 factor involved in mammalian development and cellular proliferation
Authors: Raabe Eric H. , Abdurrahman Luby , Behbehani Greg , Arceci Robert J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMembers of the SNF2 (Sucrose Non‐Fermenter) family of chromatin‐remodeling proteins function in processes ranging from DNA repair to transcription to methylation. Using differential display, we recently identified a novel member of the SNF2 family that is highly expressed at the mRNA level in proliferating cells and is down‐regulated during apoptosis. We have named this gene PASG (Proliferation‐Associated SNF2‐like Gene). Northern blot analysis of adult mouse tissues shows PASG to be highly expressed in proliferating organs such as thymus, bone marrow, and testis and absent from nonproliferative tissues such as brain and heart. In situ hybridization analysis of mouse embryos shows that PASG is differentially expressed during development, with highest expression in developing face, limbs, skeletal muscle, heart, and tail. In vitro, PASG expression correlates with a shift from a quiescent to a proliferative state. Mice null for PASG (also known as LSH or Hells) are reported to die perinatally, although the mechanism for lethality is unclear (Geiman and Muegge, 2000). To test the hypothesis that PASG functions in cell proliferation, we compared 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in C33A cells transiently transfected with PASG versus empty vector and found that PASG transfected cells showed a significant decrease in the amount of BrdU incorporation. These findings suggest that PASG plays a role in cell proliferation and may function in the development of multiple cell lineages during murine embryogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smoothelin expression during chicken embryogenesis: Detection of an embryonic isoform
Authors: Deruiter Marco C. , Rensen Sanders S.M. , Coolen Gisela P.G.M. , Hierck Beerend P. , Bergwerff Maarten , Debie Wiel M.H. , Gittenberger‐De Groot Adriana C. , Van Eys Guillaume J.J.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo isoforms of a novel smooth muscle cell (SMC) ‐specific cytoskeletal protein, smoothelin, have been described. In the adult chick, the 55‐kDa smoothelin‐A is expressed in visceral SMC, whereas the 120‐kDa smoothelin‐B is the major product in vascular SMC. Chicken was chosen to study smoothelin expression during embryogenesis and neonatally. Smoothelin‐B was found in vascular SMC from stage 20 onward. In visceral SMC, smoothelin‐B was present from stage 29 until hatching. Perinatally, a strong up‐regulation of smoothelin synthesis was observed in visceral tissues, coinciding with a switch to the A‐isoform. Transient smoothelin synthesis was observed in the somites and the developing heart. Western blotting revealed in these tissues a 62‐kDa smoothelin isoform, designated smoothelin‐C. Expression of the smoothelin isoforms seems to be strictly controlled with respect to cell type and developmental stage and may be related to the mode of contraction of the different cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Dyslexia Ecosystem
Authors: Nicolson Roderick I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is all too easy, in everyday interactions in dyslexia, to see the interactions in a semi‐adversarial fashion—parents competing to get more support for children, researchers competing to get more support for their theories, schools trying to get more money for their programmes. Such a set of analyses may be described as ‘zero‐sum’. If one party gains, the other one loses. If, by contrast, one views the dyslexia community as a complex, inter‐dependent ‘ecosystem’, a much more positive view emerges. It becomes clear that there are solutions for the system as a whole that are in a sense optimal for the system as a whole, solutions that are ‘win–win’, that is, all parties gain and none lose. In this article I develop this concept of the ‘dyslexia ecosystem’, and outline targets that would lead to progress for the ecosystem as a whole. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the body checking questionnaire: A self‐report measure of body checking behaviors
Authors: Reas Deborah L. , Whisenhunt Brooke L , Netemeyer Rick , Williamson Donald A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a brief self‐report inventory to assess body checking behaviors.MethodUsing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the 23‐item Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) was developed. The BCQ measures the global construct of body checking behaviors with three correlated subfactors that assess checking related to overall appearance, checking of specific body parts, and idiosyncratic checking rituals.ResultsThe BCQ was found to have good test‐retest reliability (.94) and the subfactors had good internal consistency (.88, .92, and .83). The measure correlated highly with other measures of negative body image and eating disorders, demonstrating its concurrent validity. Additionally, the BCQ was found to differentiate normal controls and eating disorder patients, as well as nonclinical participants scoring high and low on a measure of concern with body size and dieting.DiscussionDue to the potential role of ritualistic body checking in the maintenance of body dissatisfaction by directing excessive attention to body shape/weight, the BCQ may prove to be a useful clinical tool in the assessment and treatment of eating disorder patients. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 324–333, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10012
Imagery rescripting within cognitive behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa: An illustrative case report
Authors: Ohanian Vartouhi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis case report describes the use of imagery rescripting as an adjunct to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa.MethodsThe patient was a 22‐year‐old woman, who had a 6‐year history of diagnosable eating problems, with no comorbid diagnosis. She had a history of emotional abuse by her family. The single session of imagery rescripting was aimed at effecting change in the core beliefs that were hypothesized to result from that emotional abuse, and hence in the associated bulimic psychopathology.ResultsWhile eight sessions of conventional CBT reduced symptom behaviors by 50%, one session of imagery rescripting led to an almost complete cessation of the remaining binge‐purge behaviors. This effect was maintained at 14 weeks post‐imagery.ConclusionsImagery rescripting appears to be a valuable adjunct to conventional CBT in working with cases where there is an early history of trauma. Implications for treatment of eating disorders using this technique are considered, and relevant research designs are discussed. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord xx:352–357, 2002. DOI 10.1002/eat.10044
Performance improving in skew‐coordinates DCT method for images by entropy coding based on Gaussian mixture distribution model
Authors: Yamane Nobumoto , Morikawa Yoshitaka , Nariai Takeshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the skew‐coordinates DCT coding method, an image is partitioned along the edge into variably shaped blocks and coded using the skew‐coordinates DCT adopted to the edge direction. Compared with the conventional square block DCT, it is known that the skew‐coordinates DCT can improve power packing efficiency and can reduce mosquito noise in the reconstructed image. In this paper, the entropy coding method of the skew‐coordinates DCT is studied in order to improve the compression ratio. As an entropy coding method, we adopt an adaptive code allocation method based on the Gaussian mixture distribution model and study the construction of the mixture model. Statistical characteristics of the DCT coefficients in real images are investigated and it is shown that the warping effect of the skew‐coordinates DCT can reduce the local variation of the variance distribution of the DCT coefficients and that, consequently, a simple mean‐power model is suitable as the mixture model. Finally, the result of a computer simulation experiment shows that the proposed method is useful in improving coding performance. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(7): 37–44, 2001
Time sidelobe reduction technique for binary phase coded pulse compression
Authors: Sato Reiji , Shinriki Masanori 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA time sidelobe (TSL) reduction technique in binary code pulse compression is proposed. A code with a small peak sidelobe (PSL) is searched. Many codes have been obtained that have much smaller PSL than the conventional binary code with the compression ratio in the range from 5 to 16. Simulations are carried out for some of these codes and the optimum IF filter bandwidth is evaluated. It is confirmed that the waveform is stable for Doppler and the PSL value is kept small. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(12): 52–60, 2001
A new technique for measuring dispersion of optical fibers using a frequency‐shifted feedback fiber laser. part I: Measurement of group velocity dispersion
Authors: Yoshida Masato , Miyamoto Toshiyuki , Nakamura Koichiro , Ito Hiromasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith the continually improving performance of long‐distance optical communication systems, it becomes important to administer and control wavelength dispersion of the optical fiber. In this paper, a method of measurement of the group velocity dispersion (GVD) of an optical fiber using optical frequency domain reflectometry is proposed. In this scheme, frequency‐chirped light is used as a light source and the total dispersion of the GVD of the optical fiber is measured from the variations of the optical frequency chirp rate after transmission through the fiber. In this method, the GVD value versus the optical wavelength can be measured directly. Another characteristic is that the effect of measurement error due to fluctuations of the fiber under test can be neglected. An experimental verification of the present scheme was performed with a frequency‐shifted feedback laser, which is an ideal linear chirped light source. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(2): 1–7, 2002
An 80 Gb/s optical I/O interface ATM switch MCM
Authors: Kawano Ryusuke , Yamanaka Naoaki , Oki Eiji , Okazaki Katsuhiko , Ohki Akira 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor extensive proliferation of multimedia communications, high‐speed, large‐capacity node systems are required in addition to the technologies for transmission and access systems. Although the performance of the node system has progressed along with the technical advances of LSI, the LSI interconnection is now a bottleneck due to rapid advances in technology, and consequently this bottleneck may limit the performance of the node system. One way to resolve this situation and extract the performance of the LSI at the maximum is the multichip module (MCM) technology. Using this technology, high‐speed, multiply parallel signal transmission can be realized within MCM. However, the input and output of the signal to this MCM still suffers from bottlenecks in terms of connection distance, cable physical volume, transmission speed, flexibility, and antinoise properties so long as the conventional electric I/O is used. In order to resolve this interconnect bottleneck, the authors have developed an optical I/O interface ATM switch MCM in which the optical signal can directly enter and exit the MCM. This module is realized with 0.25‐μm CMOS LSI technology, 40‐layer ceramic MCM technology, ultra parallel optical interconnection technology and cooling technology. The size is 220 × 174 × 15 mm3and the switch throughput is 80 Gb/s. The optical I/O interface ATM switch MCM developed here is bookshelf installed in a rack and its fundamental operations are confirmed. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(2): 61–68, 2002
Theoretical Study of a Wave Absorber with Resistive Film for Metallic Cylinder
Authors: Iyomasa Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Osamu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses the wave absorber which is best suited to use on cylinders with a resistive film. Mode expansion is applied in the analysis. Various design charts are provided. The effectiveness of the method is verified by designing a wave absorber using the design charts and calculating the absorbed power. This wave absorber is analyzed by calculating the power scattered by the wave absorber and the actually absorbed power. In addition, the degradation of absorbance due to deformation of the spacer in fabricating an absorber of this kind is examined by the point matching method. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(4): 53–60, 2002
Configuration and performance of a measuring system for spatiotemporal characteristics of multipath fading channels using a virtual planar array
Authors: Sekizawa Shinya , Taira Kazumasa , Kamio Yukiyoshi , Mizuno Mitsuhiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs a remedy for multipath fading in land mobile communications, an adaptive array combined with an equalizer has been studied. For hardware realization and development of an adaptive algorithm for the fading prevention technique based on this temporal and spatial processing, it is necessary to clearly determine such spatiotemporal characteristics as the delay time and the directions of arrival of multipath waves. In this paper, in order to measure the spatiotemporal characteristics of multipath channels, a spatiotemporal propagation measurement system at 3.35 GHz has been developed by using a virtually realized planar array and a delay profile measuring equipment. The effectiveness of the present system is confirmed by measurement of the spatiotemporal characteristics in the simulated propagation path on an open site, and also in a real propagation channel in an indoor environment. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(6): 11–22, 2002
A multisensor tracking system with an airborne sensor to mitigate the effect of cross‐range errors
Authors: Kawamoto Daisuke , Kawase Tetsuya , Hashirao Masataka , Sasase Iwao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a multiple radar target tracking system that uses a mobile station, which is effective in reducing cross‐range errors. The mobile station is an airplane equipped with radar and tracks the target by radar while in flight. By controlling the motion of the mobile state according to the proposed algorithm, the beams from the radars to the moving target can be orthogonal to or nearly orthogonal to each other compared to a multiple radar target tracking system that uses only conventional stationary stations. Combining the measurements from radars placed so that their beams to the target are orthogonal or nearly orthogonal can lessen the effect of increases in the cross‐range errors and can obtain excellent tracking accuracy. Computer simulations compare the proposed method to a multiple radar target tracking system that used only conventional stationary stations and demonstrate its ability to obtain excellent tracking accuracy for distant targets. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(8): 1–12, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1113