bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma patient transport to hospital using helicopter emergency medical services or road ambulance in Sweden: a comparison of survival and prehospital time intervals
Authors: Lapidus Oscar , Rubenson Wahlin Rebecka , Bäckström Denise 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) transport of adults following major trauma have been examined with mixed results, with some studies reporting a survival benefit compared to regular emergency medical services (EMS). The benefit of HEMS in the context of the Swedish trauma system remains unclear.AimTo investigate differences in survival and prehospital time intervals for trauma patients in Sweden transported by HEMS compared to road ambulance EMS.MethodsA total of 74,032 trauma patients treated during 2012–2022 were identified through the Swedish Trauma Registry (SweTrau). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality and Glasgow Outcome Score at discharge from hospital (to home or rehab); secondary outcomes were the proportion of severely injured patients who triggered a trauma team activation (TTA) on arrival to hospital and the proportion of severely injured patients with GCS ≤ 8 who were subject to prehospital endotracheal intubation.Results4529 out of 74,032 patients were transported by HEMS during the study period. HEMS patients had significantly lower mortality compared to patients transported by EMS at 1.9% vs 4.3% (ISS 9–15), 5.4% vs 9.4% (ISS 16–24) and 31% vs 42% (ISS ≥ 25) (p < 0.001). Transport by HEMS was also associated with worse neurological outcome at discharge from hospital, as well as a higher rate of in-hospital TTA for severely injured patients and higher rate of prehospital intubation for severely injured patients with GCS ≤ 8. Prehospital time intervals were significantly longer for HEMS patients compared to EMS across all injury severity groups.ConclusionTrauma patients transported to hospital by HEMS had significantly lower mortality compared to those transported by EMS, despite longer prehospital time intervals and greater injury severity. However, this survival benefit may have been at the expense of a higher degree of adverse neurological outcome. Increasing the availability of HEMS to include all regions should be considered as it may be the preferrable option for transport of severely injured trauma patients in Sweden.
White matter integrity is associated with cognition and amyloid burden in older adult Koreans along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Authors: Hirschfeld Lauren R. , Deardorff Rachael , Chumin Evgeny J. , Wu Yu-Chien , McDonald Brenna C. , Cao Sha , Risacher Shannon L. , Yi Dahyun , Byun Min Soo , Lee Jun-Young , Kim Yu Kyeong , Kang Koung Mi , Sohn Chul-Ho , Nho Kwangsik , Saykin Andrew J. , Lee Dong Young ,   for the KBASE Research Group
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter (WM) microstructural changes in the hippocampal cingulum bundle (CBH) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been described in cohorts of largely European ancestry but are lacking in other populations.MethodsWe assessed the relationship between CBH WM integrity and cognition or amyloid burden in 505 Korean older adults aged ≥ 55 years, including 276 cognitively normal older adults (CN), 142 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 87 AD patients, recruited as part of the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (KBASE) at Seoul National University.ResultsCompared to CN, AD and MCI subjects showed significantly higher RD, MD, and AxD values (allp-values < 0.001) and significantly lower FA values (leftp ≤ 0.002, rightp ≤ 0.015) after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Most tests of cognition and mood (p < 0.001) as well as higher medial temporal amyloid burden (p < 0.001) were associated with poorer WM integrity in the CBH after Bonferroni adjustment.ConclusionThese findings are consistent with patterns of WM microstructural damage previously reported in non-Hispanic White (NHW) MCI/AD cohorts, reinforcing existing evidence from predominantly NHW cohort studies.
Elephantiasis mimicry in recurrent lower limb skin infections in a diabetic patient: a case report
Authors: Bramania Puneet , Moshi Emmaeli , Foi Andrew , Shayo Grace 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic edema as a complication of systemic diseases or infections can mimic filarial lymphedema (also known as elephantiasis) and considered so. We describe a case of chronic lymphedema that mimicked elephantiasis in a diabetic man.

Case presentation
The patient was a 70-year-old black man, bed-bound at the time of admission following a diagnosis of stroke and hypertension in the previous 5 years. He had been diabetic for 20 years with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. He suffered recurrent bilateral lower limb skin infections for 5 years prior to admission that culminated into progressive lowerlimb edema. The infections eventually complicated into skin edema, hardening, fissuring, and hyperkeratotic plaques. The physical examination revealed Tinea pedis and bilateral non-pitting edema of lowerlimbs to the level of the knees. Investigations confirmed non-filarial lymphedema-related skin changes. The absence of the classic pebbly/cobblestone skin changes ruled out elephantiasis nostra verrucosa (ENV), with a possibility of it being in the early stages of evolution. The patient’s skin fissuring and infections were successfully treated with antibiotics and antifungals while compression stockings helped to relieve the edema.

Conclusions
Chronic lymphedema can complicate repeated non-filarial infections of lower limbs. Its fissures are a risk factor for cellulitis, prompting early identification and management of both infections and lymphedema to halt their vicious cycle, especially in at risk populations like diabetics.
Noninvasive sampling of the small intestinal chyme for microbiome, metabolome and antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs, a proof of concept
Authors: Menard Julie , Bagheri Sahar , Menon Sharanya , Yu Y. Tina , Goodman Laura B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe gastrointestinal microbiome and metabolome vary greatly throughout the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract, however current knowledge of gastrointestinal microbiome and metabolome in health and disease is limited to fecal samples due to ease of sampling. The engineered Small Intestinal MicroBiome Aspiration (SIMBA™) capsule allows specific sampling of the small intestine in humans. We aimed to determine whether administration of SIMBA™ capsules to healthy beagle dogs could reliably and safely sample the small intestinal microbiome and metabolome when compared to their fecal microbiome and metabolome.ResultsEleven beagle dogs were used for the study. Median transit time of capsules was 29.93 h (range: 23.83–77.88). Alpha diversity, as measured by the Simpson diversity, was significantly different (P = 0.048). Shannon diversity was not different (P = 0.114). Beta diversity results showed a significant difference between capsule and fecal samples regarding Bray–Curtis, weighted and unweighted unifrac (P = 0.002) and ANOSIM distance metric s (R = 0.59,P = 0.002). In addition to observing a statistically significant difference in the microbial composition of capsules and feces, distinct variation in the metabolite profiles was seen between the sample types. Heat map analysis showed 16 compounds that were significantly different between the 2 sampling modes (adj-Pvalue ranged between 0.004 and 0.036) with 10 metabolites more abundant in the capsule than in the feces and 6 metabolites more abundant in the feces compared to the capsules.ConclusionsThe engineered Small Intestinal MicroBiome Aspiration (SIMBA™) capsule was easy and safe to administer to dogs. Microbiome and metabolome analysis from the capsule samples were significantly different than that of the fecal samples and were like previously published small intestinal microbiome and metabolome composition.Graphical abstract
STAT3 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer in the Moroccan population
Authors: Ighid Nassima , El Akil Soumaya , Izaabel El Hassan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is a complex disease due to its extremely complicated and varied etiology. It is found to be linked to improper transcription factor activation that interferes with normal breast development. Among these factors, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and cell signaling. Specifically, STAT3, a member of the STAT family, has been found to be constitutively active in various cancer types, including breast cancer. Three STAT3 SNPs (rs744166, rs229152, and rs4796793) were widely investigated in association with cancer diseases in many populations, yet the findings were conflicting. This study seeks to evaluate the association risk of these three SNPs with breast cancer in Moroccan women.

Materials and methods
This case–control study consisted of 200 breast cancer cases and 200 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The extraction was carried out from whole blood by the salting-out method. Genotypes were defined using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and sequence-specific primer–polymerase chain reaction (SSP–PCR) methods.

Results
In the over-dominant model (GG–CC vs. GC), the rs4796793*GC genotype was linked to a higher risk of breast cancer among triple-negative cases. Additionally, a significant association has been revealed between HER2 and the mutant genotype of the two polymorphisms rs744166 and rs4796793. Moreover, the STAT3 rs744166*AG genotype was less common in cases with late-stage (grade III) disease.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that STAT3 polymorphisms are associated with triple-negative breast cancer and HER2+ type; the top two lethal breast cancer in Moroccans.
Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a 12-year-old Chinese Girl Presenting With Virilization
Authors: Lai Tiffany Sin-ting , Wong Eunice Wai-yu , Hui Hoi-fung , Wong Lap-ming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
All girls presenting with virilization (which signifies severe hyperandrogenism) warrant thorough investigation. Ovarian hyperthecosis (OHT) is a rare cause of virilization in premenopausal women. Here, we report the case of a previously healthy 12-year-old Chinese girl with signs of virilization at puberty. Her serum total testosterone was elevated at 5.1 nmol/L (146.97 ng/dL) (normal: &lt;1.4 nmol/L, &lt;40.35 ng/dL). Workup for Cushing syndrome, sex development disorders, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and adrenal and ovarian androgen-secreting tumors was unrevealing. Ovarian and adrenal venous sampling demonstrated ovarian hyperandrogenism without lateralization. Ovarian biopsy revealed nests of theca cells in the stroma of the right ovary, substantiating the diagnosis of OHT. A single dose of a GnRH analog resulted in the complete suppression of serum testosterone, supporting the diagnosis of OHT. Medical treatment with hormonal replacement therapy normalized serum testosterone levels. Our case report illustrates the diagnostic approach to virilization among girls at puberty and the diagnosis of OHT as the underlying pathology.
Remarks on Prof. Schulze’s Memoir on Cordylophora Lacustris
Authors: Allman F.R.S. , Schulze Franz Eilhard 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
A Memoir with the above title has recently been published by Dr. Schulze, of Rostock. The author obtained the remarkable hydroid which forms the subject of it in brackish water in the neighbourhood of Rostock, and he has subjected it to an elaborate and exhaustive examination. He identifies it, moreover, with a hydroid which under the name of Tubularia cornea was described by Agardh as long ago as 1816, in the ‘Transactions’ of the Royal Academy of Stockholm.
Remarks on Dr. Nitsche’s Researches on Bryozoa
Authors: Smitt  
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
In the ‘Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie,’Bd. vi, Hft. 4, Doctor Hinrich Nitsche has published his “Beiträge zur Kentniss der Bryozoa,” of whom you already, in April, 1871, had received and published an extract—”On some Interesting Points concerning the Mode of Reproduction of the Bryozoa.” In these excellent papers you will find a critique of my views on the subject, as well as very good additions to my observations; but I am sorry to find, that the distinguished doctor in many points has mistaken my meaning and overseen my statements, without doubt because of the difficulties of the language.
Description of a New Genus of Ixodea
Authors: Macalister Alex 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The specimens of this parasite which I have examined I obtained from the skin of the many shielded pangolin of West Africa (Manis multiscutata), and as I have not met with any notice of a similar arachnidan, I conclude that the form is as yet undescribed, and as its distinctive characters seem of generie value I propose for the genus the name Adeno-pleura. The following will be its characters:
On the homology of the gonangium in the genus halecium
Authors: Allman  
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
In the hydroid genus Halecium (see woodent) the hydranths, as is well known, are carried on the extremities of lateral processes of the stem. These processes are sometimes simple (b), but they are frequently extended by one or more tubular prolongations, when they assume somewhat the appearance of the drawn-out tubes of a telescope (c).
Impact of a pharmacist-led patient-centred care intervention along with textmessage reminders, on the management of newly diagnosed tubercular patients: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khan Farman Ullah , Khan Faiz Ullah , Hayat Khezar , Fang Yu 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is the leading cause of the increase in drug resistance cases. This study will determine the effectiveness of pharmaceutical-care-based interventions coupled with short messages delivered by a pharmacist on treatment outcomes and adherence among TB patients.
Methods: The study will be conducted in TB Control Center of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Islamabad and District Bannu TB Control Center time period will be from August 2019 to September 2021. The patients will be included into the control group (usual care) or the intervention group pharmaceutical care and SMS reminder. The primary outcome includes a change in mean score from baseline in treatment outcomes and adherence, measured by Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and clinic appointment attendance registration. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life of patients, disease knowledge, and patient satisfaction with the intervention.
Result: The major issues in patients with TB are cure rate and medication adherence. The method anticipated in this manuscript could set the foundation of pharmaceutical care and mobile SMS for the future provision of care to improve TB treatment outcomes.
Conclusion: The study will make available fundamental information about the influence of the patient centered program on the adherence and clinical outcomes of patients with TB.
Trial status and registration: Clinical Trials.gov assigned Identifier NCT04645836.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.5356
How to cite this: Khan FU, Khan FU, Hayat K, Fang Y. Impact of a pharmacist-led patient-centred care intervention along with textmessage reminders, on the management of newly diagnosed tubercular patients: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.5356
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessment of eating habits, lifestyle and physical activity among medical and dental students of Faisalabad Medical University
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Usama Zuhair  , Kiran Fatima  , Umer Hussain  , Dr Ayesha Ayub  
Published: December 2023

Objective: To assess the eating habits, lifestyle and physical activity and their impact on health of students of Faisalabad Medical University (FMU) Faisalabad Pakistan.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was prepared on 328 medical and dental students at Faisalabad Medical University from June, 2022 to October, 2022. Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21 (TFEQ-R21) was used to assess the eating habits among medical students and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle patterns.
Results: According to the study, 191(58.2%) students out of 328 practiced unrestricted eating. While 229(69.8%) students demonstrated cognitive restraint and 128(39%) students indulged in emotional eating. Less than half of the students, 52(15.9%) lead unhealthy lifestyles compared to 276(84.1%) who had healthy habits. Out of 328 students, 104 (31.7%) engaged in low, 137(41.8%) in moderate, and 87(26.5%) in high levels of physical activity. Whereas a higher proportion of female students engaged in low to moderate physical activity (61.5% and 52.6%, respectively), while a higher proportion of male students (63.2%) were involved in intense physical activity.
Conclusions: A large proportion of medical students exhibited poor dietary habits with low physical activity. Obesity and other metabolic diseases are more likely to strike medical students who engage in these unhealthy eating habits. As future health providers, health interventions must be implemented to avert future harm.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7323
How to cite this: Zuhair HMU, Fatima K, Hussain U, Ayub A. Assessment of eating habits, lifestyle and physical activity among medical and dental students of Faisalabad Medical University. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7323
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gender and its association with cardiac defects in down syndrome population at Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Haider Areiba , Khan Sarah , Tafweez Raafea , Yaqoob Muhammad 
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of different congenital cardiac defects co-existing in karyotypically proved Down syndrome population. It also highlighted the association between gender and pattern of congenital cardiac defects and gender as a risk factor.
Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was done in the Department of Genetics, Children Hospital Lahore in the year 2017. A total of 160 patients were subjected to karyotypic analysis through blood test for determining the type of Down Syndrome and Echocardiography of all established cases was performed for determining presence and types of congenital cardiac defects. Results were evaluated in terms of establishing co-existence of various cardiac phenotypes in Down Syndrome cases.
Results: In karyotypically proven 160 cases of Down syndrome, 58.1% of Down Syndrome cases and 88.2% of Down Syndrome with Congenital Cardiac Defects presented in infancy. The odds ratio (OR) suggested that females are 1.72 times more likely to experience a cardiac effect compared to males. Female gender was potentially associated (p-value 0.07) with occurrence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (47.8%), whereas VSD (Ventricular Septal Defects) was most prevalent (41.1%) in males. Patent Ductus Arteriosus + Atrial Septal Defects (44.4%) was the commonest cardiac defect in female cases. The combined data for pattern of cardiac anomalies showed no significant association with gender, as indicated by a p-value of 0.990.
Conclusion: The study concluded that most of Down syndrome cases and Down syndrome with congenital cardiac defects present to the hospital in infancy. Female cases are more prone to develop cardiac defects as compared to males. The manifestation of PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus) was significantly associated as an isolated anomaly in females and VSD (Ventricular Septal Defects) as isolated anomaly in males. Patent Ductus Arteriosus tend to co-exist most with ASD (Atrial Septal Defects) in female cases. Gender was not established as a risk factor for affecting the pattern of cardiac defects.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7346
How to cite this: Haider A, Khan S, Tafweez R, Yaqoob M. Gender and its association with cardiac defects in down syndrome population at Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7346
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Association of insertion /deletion polymorphism of ace gene with essential hypertension in patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Razaq Abdur , Khan Ayesha , Shah Syed Tahir , Ullah Sana 
Published: December 2023

Objective & Background: The exact cause of hypertension is unknown in about 90 to 95% patients, known as essential hypertension. Genes may play a crucial role in the pathology of essential hypertension. Gene for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is found on long arm of chromosome 17q23, where 287 base pair insertion or deletion (I/D) polymorphism may occur. This study was aimed to assess the association of I/D polymorphism of ACE gene with blood pressure (BP) in Patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK).
Methods: This Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st June 2021 to 30th September 2021 at Kuwait Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. The genomic DNA was extracted from lymphocytes and PCR was performed for identification of ACE I/D polymorphism.
Results: Total 181 individuals (121 Hypertensive and 60 normal) were enrolled in the study. The measured systolic and diastolic BP in cases were 153.91mmHg±12.65 and 92.94mmHg±5.72, respectively while in control were 118.20±17.13 and 74.12mmHg±7.58, respectively. The Deletion Homozygous (DD), Insertion Homozygous (II) and Deletion and Insertion Heterozygous (DI) genotypes in hypertensive patients were 47 (38.84%), 17 (14.04%) and 57 (47.10%) respectively while in Control group the DD, II and DI were 4 (6.66%), 25 (41.66%) and 31 (51.66%) respectively. This study showed association of DD genotypes of the ACE gene with hypertension as compared to healthy individuals.
Conclusion: Individuals with DD genotype may have association with hypertension. polymorphism of ACE gene was proved to be an important genetic marker for essential hypertension in Patients of KPK.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7354
How to cite this: Razaq A, Khan A, Shah ST, Sana Ullah. Association of insertion /deletion polymorphism of ace gene with essential hypertension in patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7354
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.