bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Environmental Uncertainty Perception Framework for Misinformation Detection and Spread Prediction in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Artificial Intelligence Approach
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Zhang Huibin , Xiao Yi , Wang Yingyu 
Published: January 2024

Background
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation on social media has posed significant threats to public health. Detecting and predicting the spread of misinformation are crucial for mitigating its adverse effects. However, prevailing frameworks for these tasks have predominantly focused on post-level signals of misinformation, neglecting features of the broader information environment where misinformation originates and proliferates.

Objective
This study aims to create a novel framework that integrates the uncertainty of the information environment into misinformation features, with the goal of enhancing the model’s accuracy in tasks such as misinformation detection and predicting the scale of dissemination. The objective is to provide better support for online governance efforts during health crises.

Methods
In this study, we embraced uncertainty features within the information environment and introduced a novel Environmental Uncertainty Perception (EUP) framework for the detection of misinformation and the prediction of its spread on social media. The framework encompasses uncertainty at 4 scales of the information environment: physical environment, macro-media environment, micro-communicative environment, and message framing. We assessed the effectiveness of the EUP using real-world COVID-19 misinformation data sets.

Results
The experimental results demonstrated that the EUP alone achieved notably good performance, with detection accuracy at 0.753 and prediction accuracy at 0.71. These results were comparable to state-of-the-art baseline models such as bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM; detection accuracy 0.733 and prediction accuracy 0.707) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT; detection accuracy 0.755 and prediction accuracy 0.728). Additionally, when the baseline models collaborated with the EUP, they exhibited improved accuracy by an average of 1.98% for the misinformation detection and 2.4% for spread-prediction tasks. On unbalanced data sets, the EUP yielded relative improvements of 21.5% and 5.7% in macro-F1-score and area under the curve, respectively.

Conclusions
This study makes a significant contribution to the literature by recognizing uncertainty features within information environments as a crucial factor for improving misinformation detection and spread-prediction algorithms during the pandemic. The research elaborates on the complexities of uncertain information environments for misinformation across 4 distinct scales, including the physical environment, macro-media environment, micro-communicative environment, and message framing. The findings underscore the effectiveness of incorporating uncertainty into misinformation detection and spread prediction, providing an interdisciplinary and easily implementable framework for the field.
Tailored Self-Management App to Support Older Adults With Cancer and Multimorbidity: Development and Usability Testing
Authors: Sien Sang-Wha , Kobekyaa Francis Kyerepagr , Puts Martine , Currie Leanne , Tompson Margaret , Hedges Penelope , McGrenere Joanna , Mariano Caroline , Haase Kristen R 
Published: January 2024

Background
Globally, cancer predominates in adults aged older than 60 years, and 70% of older adults have ≥1 chronic condition. Cancer self-management interventions can improve symptom management and confidence, but few interventions target the complex needs of older adults with cancer and multimorbidity. Despite growing evidence of digital health tools in cancer care, there is a paucity of theoretically grounded digital self-management supports for older adults. Many apps for older adults have not been co-designed with older adults to ensure that they are tailored to their specific needs, which would increase usability and uptake.

Objective
We aim to report on the user evaluations of a self- and symptom-management app to support older adults living with cancer and multimorbidity.

Methods
This study used Grey’s self-management framework, a design thinking approach, and involved older adults with lived experiences of cancer to design a medium-fidelity app prototype. Older adults with cancer or caregivers were recruited through community organizations or support groups to participate in co-designing or evaluations of the app. Data from interviews were iteratively integrated into the design process and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses.

Results
In total, 15 older adults and 3 caregivers (n=18) participated in this study: 10 participated (8 older adults and 2 caregivers) in the design of the low-fidelity prototype, and 10 evaluated (9 older adults and 1 caregiver) the medium-fidelity prototype (2 older adults participated in both phases). Participants emphasized the importance of tracking functions to make sense of information across physical symptoms and psychosocial aspects; a clear display; and the organization of notes and reminders to communicate with care providers. Participants also emphasized the importance of medication initiation or cessation reminders to mitigate concerns related to polypharmacy.

Conclusions
This app has the potential to support the complex health care needs of older adults with cancer, creating a “home base” for symptom management and support. The findings from this study will position the researchers to conduct feasibility testing and real-world implementation.
Phase Angle and Impedance Ratio as Indicators of Physical Function and Fear of Falling in Older Adult Women: Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Sterner Danielle A , Stout Jeffrey R , Lafontant Kworweinski , Park Joon-Hyuk , Fukuda David H , Thiamwong Ladda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Older adults experience a significant decline in muscle integrity and function with aging. Early detection of decreased muscle quality can pave the way for interventions to mitigate the progression of age-related physical declines. Phase angle (PhA) and impedance ratio (IR) are measures of muscle integrity, which can be assessed quickly via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and may be indicative of physical function.

Objective
This study aimed to characterize the relationships among handgrip strength (HGS), sit-to-stand (STS), BTrackS balance scores, fear of falling (evaluated using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International [Short FES-I]), and IR among community-dwelling older adult women classified as having a low or high PhA.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 85 older women (mean age 75.0, SD 7.2 years; mean weight 71.0, SD 15.0 kg; mean height 162.6, SD 6.1 cm). To examine the influence of PhA on performance measures, participants were divided into 2 PhA groups: high (>4.1°; n=56) and low (≤4.1°; n=29). Data were nonnormative; hence, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate between-group differences, and Kendall τ coefficients were used to determine the partial correlations.

Results
The low PhA group had a significantly higher IR (mean 0.85, SD 0.03) than the high PhA group (mean 0.81, SD 0.03; r=.92; P<.001). The high PhA group had superior HGS (mean 21.4, SD 6.2 kg; P=.007; r=0.36), BTrackS balance scores (mean 26.6, SD 9.5 cm; P=.03; r=0.30), and STS scores (mean 16.0, SD 5.5; P<.001; r=0.49) than the low PhA group (mean HGS 17.6, SD 4.7 kg; mean BTrackS balance score 37.1, SD 21.1 cm; mean STS score 10.7, SD 6.2). Both PhA and IR were significantly correlated with HGS and BTrackS balance, STS, and Short FES-I scores (P<.05). However, on adjusting for the whole sample’s age, only PhA was strongly correlated with HGS (τb=0.75; P=.003) and STS scores (τb=0.76; P=.002). Short FES-I scores were moderately correlated with IR (τb=0.46; P=.07) after controlling for age. No significant between-group differences were observed for height, weight, or BMI.

Conclusions
PhA and IR are associated with physical function and the fear of falling in older women. However, only PhA was significantly associated with physical function (HGS and STS) independent of age. Conversely, only IR was significantly associated with the fear of falling. Diminished physical function and increased IR appear to be characteristics of older women with a PhA of ≤4.1°. These findings suggest that PhA and IR measured through BIA together may serve as a valuable tool for early identification of older women at the risk of functional decline and a heightened fear of falling.
Global Trends in the Incidence of Anxiety Disorders From 1990 to 2019: Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cao Huiru , Wu Yang , Yin Hui , Sun Yanqi , Yuan Hui , Tao Mengjun 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most common mental illness with high prevalence, chronicity, and comorbidity. Despite rapid economic and cultural development, the global incidence of ADs continues to increase, with predominance in male individuals.

OBJECTIVE

To address the above issues, we analyzed the dynamic trends of the global incidence and disease burden of ADs from 1990 to 2019 and their different effects on age, period, and birth cohort and predicted the future trend of AD incidence.

METHODS

The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. A joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the annual percent change in AD incidence, and age-period-cohort analysis was used to estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort. Nordpred age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the incidence of ADs from 2020 to 2044.

RESULTS

The age-standardized incidence rate of ADs increased by 1.06% for both sexes, and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rate (ASDR) decreased by 0.12%. Joinpoint regression indicated that increments in average annual percent changes in the age-standardized incidence rate (0.068 vs 0.012) and ASDR (0.035 vs –0.015) for ADs globally were higher among male individuals than female individuals. The age-period-cohort analyses revealed that the relative risk (RR) of the incidence and DALYs of ADs among people of different sexes increased with age in adolescence and middle age and then decreased. For the period effect, the RR of incidence decreased, whereas the RR of DALYs increased in both sexes. Moreover, the RR of the incidence gradually increased and DALYs slowly decreased with birth year for both male and female individuals. New cases of ADs in male individuals are predicted to increase in the coming 25 years.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provided the changing trend of the global incidence and disease burden of ADs in the past 3 decades, indicating that early prevention and effective control cannot be ignored. We analyzed the age-period-cohort effect of potential trends in ADs and predicted future incidence trends. The results suggest that we should take active intervention measures, focusing on high-risk groups and developing effective management and control policies to reduce the global burden of disease.
Образная (изобразительная) лексика в якутском и бурятском эпосах: лексические параллели
Authors:   M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (42, Kulakovski St., Yakutsk, Russian Federation), Zhirkova Eugenia E. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article presents a comparative analysis of the figurative vocabulary of the Yakut and Buryat languages on the basis of epic texts. The figurative vocabulary in both languages is specific part of its lexicon which have a common roots. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the use of lexical parallels of the Yakut and Buryat figurative vocabulary in the texts of the Buryat uliger and Yakut olonkho. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing interest in linguistic folklore in the study of language based on the material of epic texts in order to identify the specifics of the language of the epic as a whole. For research a lexical and semantic analysis and comparative historical method were used. Materials. The texts of the Buryat uliger “Alamzhi Bergen” by E. Shalbykov and the Yakut olonkho “Kyys Debiliye” by N. P. Burnashev, “Mighty Er Sogotokh” by V. O. Karataev, “Khaan Dzhargystai” by unknown olonkhosut from Verkhoyansk were used as material for the study. The three olonkho texts are represented by three main regional epic traditions, which makes it possible to take into account almost all the local features of the olonkho text. Results. The study revealed 12 lexical parallels in the figurative vocabulary presented in the Yakut and Buryat epic texts. These lexical parallels were divided into three thematic groups by the way of description. Thus, first group is figurative words describing the figure, second is the group of words describing facial expressions and face, and the last one is the words describing the shape of objects. A comparative analysis of the revealed lexical parallels showed that they have a emotionally expressive character that allows expressing the narrator’s attitude to the described object, have the same semantic meaning, the same ways of word formation and the general principle of word formation.
Рец. на: Манджиева Б. Б.. Текстология и поэтика Малодербетовского цикла эпоса «Джангар» в контексте эпической традиции калмыков. Элиста: КалмНЦ РАН, 2022. 416 с.
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, A. S. Pushkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Khabunovа Evdokia E. 
Published: January 2024

Калмыцкий героический эпос «Джангар» включает большое количество эпических сказаний (песен, глав), относящихся к локальным версиям и репертуарам известных и неизвестных сказителей — джангарчи. К числу эпических циклов, эпические песни которых объединены единым прологом, взаимосвязанным сюжетом, композиционным единообразием, сходным составом персонажей и рядом других признаков, принято относить Малодербетовский цикл «Джангара», оригинальные главы которого были зафиксированы в 1862 г. К. Ф. Голстунским и впервые опубликованы в 1864 г. Структурно-содержательная целостность и локализация эпических повествований в одном регионе Калмыцкой степи — в Малодербетовском улусе позволяли исследователям калмыцкого «Джангара» рассматривать указанные три песни как органическое целое, что отображалось в его номинации «малодербетовский список 1864 г.». Актуальность монографического исследования Б. Б. Манджиевой «Малодербетовский цикл „Джангара‟: текстология и поэтика в контексте эпической традиции калмыков» заключается в том, что единство и целостность Малодербетовского цикла «Джангара» изучается с позиций текстологии, поскольку именно вербальное воплощение эпоса передает его неповторимое содержание, манифестирует стадиальные, национальные, локальные особенности эпической традиции, показывает поэтико-стилевую фактуру репертуарного нарратива того или иного сказителя.
Functional activity of blood eosinophils in patients with <i>Opisthorchis felineus</i> invasion
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Veselova N. E. , Savchenko A. A. , Kolenchukova O. A. , Gvozdev I. I. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh J. L. , Kasparov E. V. , Borisov A. G. , Gorchilova E. G. , Olkhovskaia M. Yu. , Prokopieva N. O. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To study the functional activity of blood eosinophils in patients with Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) invasion.Material and methods. A total of 328 patients with O. felineus invasion (120 men and 208 women, mean age 40.3 years) and 34 practically healthy patients (14 men and 20 women, mean age 41.1 years) aged 18 to 70 years were examined. The main method for diagnosing opisthorchiasis was the determination of eggs or bodies of adult parasites in the duodenal contents and/or feces, which was used in all 328 patients with opisthorchiasis. All patients underwent a complete blood count and biochemical blood test, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs. The study of the functional activity of blood eosinophils was carried out in 42 patients with opisthorchiasis and 34 healthy individuals from the control group by chemiluminescent analysis with the measurement of the intensity of production of reactive oxygen species in spontaneous and zymosan-induced reactions in lucigenin- and luminol-dependent processes.Results. The frequency of eosinophils in the complete blood count above 5% in the examined patients with opisthorchiasis was 19.5%. An increase in the content of eosinophils in the blood in patients with opisthorchiasis was associated with an increase in the frequency of complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, pruritus, skin rashes, an increase in the proportion of leukopenia and neutropenia, an increase in the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the blood, and an increase in the frequency of ultrasound signs of cholecystitis. At the same time, a pronounced increase in the functional activity of blood eosinophils, determined by the chemiluminescent method, was observed in patients with O. felineus invasion.Conclusions. Patients with O. felineus invasion with an increase in the content of eosinophils in the blood due to the likelihood of an aggressive course of the pathology deserve the close attention of practitioners with the need for a thorough comprehensive examination of patients, including immunological methods.
Impact of Novel Coronavirus Infection on the Course and Prognosis of Cirrhosis
Authors: Ismailova A. G. , Maslennikov R. V. , Zharkova M. S. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: January 2024

Аim: to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the course and prognosis of cirrhosis.Materials and methods. This was a cohort study in patients with cirrhosis. We included patients with cirrhosis who underwent a medical examination at our center between September 2019 and March 2020. We determined which of these patients were infected with COVID-19, died of COVID-19, or died of cirrhosis complications within the follow-up period from April 2020 to September 2021. Thereafter, we conducted a second medical examination of these surviving patients with cirrhosis in September to December 2021.Results. Among the 226 patients included in the study, 57 had COVID-19, among which 19 patients who died of the disease. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) developed in 16 (28.1 %) patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19, 13 (81.3 %) of whom died. One of the COVID-19 survivors eventually died of liver decompensation. Twenty patients who did not have COVID-19 died of complications of cirrhosis (ACLF) during the follow-up period. The mortality rate in patients who were infected with COVID-19 was higher than that in patients who were not infected (35.1 % vs. 14.2 %; p = 0.001). COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for death in patients with cirrhosis. No liver-specific factors predisposing to COVID-19 infection were identified. A more impaired liver function in the pre-pandemic medical examination was a predisposing factor for death in patients who had COVID-19. Patients who died of COVID-19 had better liver function in the pre-pandemic medical examination than patients without COVID-19 who died of complications of cirrhosis during the follow-up period. The liver-related mortality rate and the incidence of liver decompensation or bleeding from esophageal varices during the follow-up period were not significantly different between patients who recovered from COVID-19 and patients with cirrhosis who did not have COVID-19. Among the analyzed survivors, no significant changes were found in the main indicators of liver function after the follow-up period between patients with and without COVID-19, except for the prothrombin index, which was higher in patients after COVID-19.Conclusion. COVID-19 worsens the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis but does not substantially affect the course of cirrhosis after the recovery from this infection.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children: Modern Achievements in Diagnostics and Therapy
Authors: Khavkin A. I. , Nalyotov A. V. , Marchenko N. A. 
Published: January 2024

Aim: to highlight current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in children.Key points. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among children has increased significantly over the past three decades. Moreover, these diseases are often characterized by a severe course. At the same time, strategies for diagnosing and treating these patients are being improved: doctors began using high-definition endoscopy and video capsule endoscopy, the determination of fecal calprotectin, biological therapy (infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab) and drug monitoring. Particular attention is paid to the role of dietary recommendations.Conclusion. Currently, there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in children.
Lille Ting er seg selv – en småbarnsbildebok i et transspråkrom
Authors: Karlsson Eivind 
Published: January 2024

Formålet med studien er å avdekke hvordan bildeboken Lille Ting spiser ABC (Diep, 2011) kan fungere som bidragsyter til et transspråkingsrom for lesere med ulik bakgrunn og erfaring. Det innebærer å peke på ulike typer språk og språklignende innslag boken tilbyr og gjør tilgjengelig for leserne. Studiens tilnærming er nærlesning, en metode som tar utgangspunkt i den fristilte, autonome teksten og avdekker hvordan delene og helheten bygger opp og tilfører mening, men også hvordan kontekstuelle forhold spiller inn. Fremstillingen berører ordforrådet, de poetiske og musiske innslagene, sjangeren ABC-bok, det multimodale samspillet og de performative innslagene i boken. Det foreslås også didaktiske tilnærminger som kan fremme dette potensialet. Hovedfunnet i studien er at språk og språklignende innslag i den aktuelle boken forekommer på mange ulike måter og vil være tilgjengelige for mange ulike lesere med ulike bakgrunner. Derfor er det rimelig å si at denne boken er et godt utgangspunkt for å skape transspråklige rom i barnehagen.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Lille Ting is herself. An early years picturebook in a translanguaging space
The aim of this study is to clarify how the early years picturebook Lille Ting spiser ABC [Little Ting eats ABC] (Diep, 2011) can function as a contributor to a translanguaging space for readers with different background and experience. This entails pointing out different kinds of language and language-like elements found in the book and made possible by the book. The study employs close reading, a method that starts with the free, autonomous text and discloses how the parts and the entirety build and add meaning, but also how contextual elements have effect. The study touches on the vocabulary, the poetic elements, the genre alphabet book, the multi modal cooperation and the performative features in the book. The study also suggests didactic approaches that can promote the potential for translanguaging. The main find is that language and language-like elements in the book exist in many different ways and are available for many different readers with different backgrounds. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that this book is a good starting point for creating translanguaging spaces in the kindergarten.