bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum changes in maternal physiology and milk composition: a comprehensive database for developing lactation physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models
Authors: Deferm Neel , Dinh Jean , Pansari Amita , Jamei Masoud , Abduljalil Khaled 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionPharmacotherapy during lactation often lacks reliable drug safety data, resulting in delayed treatment or early cessation of breastfeeding. In silico tools, such as physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, can help to bridge this knowledge gap. To increase the accuracy of these models, it is essential to account for the physiological changes that occur throughout the postpartum period.MethodsThis study aimed to collect and analyze data on the longitudinal changes in various physiological parameters that can affect drug distribution into breast milk during lactation. Following meta-analysis of the collated data, mathematical functions were fitted to the available data for each parameter. The best-performing functions were selected through numerical and visual diagnostics.Results and DiscussionThe literature search identified 230 studies, yielding a dataset of 36,689 data points from 20,801 postpartum women, covering data from immediately after childbirth to 12 months postpartum. Sufficient data were obtained to describe postpartum changes in maternal plasma volume, breast volume, cardiac output, glomerular filtration rate, haematocrit, human serum albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, milk pH, milk volume, milk fat, milk protein, milk water content, and daily infant milk intake. Although data beyond 7 months postpartum were limited for some parameters, mathematical functions were generated for all parameters. These functions can be integrated into lactation PBPK models to increase their predictive power and better inform medication efficacy and safety for breastfeeding women.
Rutaecarpine alleviates hepatic ischemia‒reperfusion injury in liver transplantation by inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Yan , Qi Feng , Xiang Lun-Jian , Yi Zhu-Jun , Li Sheng-Wei 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundDonation after circulatory death (DCD) livers are limited by mandatory warm ischemia and are more susceptible to ischemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI). Inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in the development of hepatic IRI, and Rutaecarpine (Rut) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Rut can alleviate hepatic IRI in liver transplantation (LT) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.MethodsRat DCD LT and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell models were established to clarify the effect of Rut on hepatic IRI. The key molecules involved in the hepatoprotective effects of Rut were identified through joint analysis of data from LT patients and drug targets. The target was further validated by in silico, in vivo and in vitro experiments.ResultsRut significantly alleviated liver dysfunction, pathological injury, and apoptosis and improved the survival rate of the rats subjected to LT. In addition, Rut significantly inhibited inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Rut also had similar effects on OGD/R-induced hepatocyte injury. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis and in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that PDE4B may be a key target by which Rut exerts its protective effect, and molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay confirmed this result. The function of PDE4B was studied via gene intervention technology, and the results showed that PDE4B can aggravate hepatic IRI. Furthermore, PDE4B overexpression abrogated the protective effect of Rut on the liver in LT.ConclusionRut alleviates hepatic IRI by targeting PDE4B to inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings highlight the potential of Rut as a drug candidate for the treatment of patients undergoing LT.
Very low urinary marinobufagenin excretion reflects a high risk of disease progression in non-advanced CKD
Authors: Bolignano Davide , Greco Marta , Tripodi Loredana , D’Agostino Mario , Cianfrone Paola , Misiti Roberta , Pugliese Sara , Zicarelli Mariateresa , Musolino Michela , Foti Daniela Patrizia , Andreucci Michele , Coppolino Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) has now reached pandemic proportions but risk prediction towards end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) remains challenging. Kidney fibrosis is a key determinant in the transition from CKD to ESKD. In this prospective study, we investigated the prognostic significance of urinary Marinobufagenin (uMBG), a cardiotonic steroid with acknowledged pro-fibrotic activity, for stratifying the risk of CKD progression in individuals with non-advanced renal disease.MethodsAfter baseline uMBG measurements, 108 CKD patients (eGFR 40.54 ± 17 mL/min/1.73 m2) were prospectively followed up to 24 months. The study (renal) endpoint was a composite of serum creatinine doubling, eGFR decline &gt;25% from baseline values, or ESKD requiring chronic renal replacement therapy.ResultsDuring follow-up (mean 21 months), 32.4% of patients had progressive CKD. These individuals displayed almost halved baseline uMBG excretion as compared to others (p &lt; 0.0001). At ROC analysis uMBG showed a remarkable diagnostic capacity on CKD progression (AUC 0.898) and patients with uMBG ≤310 pmol/L (Best ROC-derived cut-off) had a significantly faster progression to the endpoint (Log-rank 57.9; p &lt; 0.0001). Restricted cubic splines fitting logistic and Cox-regression analyses revealed that the risk association between uMBG and CKD progression was best described by a curvilinear, inverse J-shaped trend, the highest risk associated with very low uMBG levels. This trend remained unaffected by adjustment for age, baseline eGFR, and 24 h-proteinuria.ConclusionIn individuals with non-advanced CKD, very low urinary excretion of MBG reflects a more sustained risk of CKD progression over time. Validation studies are needed to generalize these findings in larger heterogeneous cohorts.
The near-optimal adjustment of carbon and nitrogen allocations into different organs in early-season rice cultivars with drastically different yield components under nitrogen application
Authors: Ning Wen , Su Lin , Shi Dandan , Ji Meina , Ouyang Xiang , Song Qingfeng , Shao Caihong , Zhu Xin-Guang , Chang Shuoqi 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionOptimized photosynthesis and transport of photosynthate from the upper three leaves in a rice plant is critical for yield formation in rice.MethodsIn this study, we selected two high-yielding early-season rice cultivars, i.e. a large-panicle inbred rice Zhongzao39 (ZZ39) and a plural-panicle hybrid rice Lingliangyou268 (LLY268) with high effective panicle number, to study the translocation of photosynthate from the flag and the basipetal 2nd leaves to the other organs under different nitrogen application scenarios. 13CO2 labeling was study the proportion of newly assimilated carbon partitioned into different organs.ResultsResults demonstrate that the ratio that 13C assimilated in the flag leaves and the basipetal 2nd leaves, and the distribution ratio 13C in the organs of ZZ39 and LLY268 cultivars were not affected by nitrogen application. However, at the booting stage, the translocation rate of photosynthate was slower under N150 compared with CK in both flag and the basipetal 2nd leaves labeled with 13C. At the grain filling stage, an average of 51% of photosynthetic products labeled with 13C was translocated to the panicle in both cultivars under CK treatment; in contrast, only 43% of leaf photosynthate was translocated to panicles in the N150 treatment. At maturity, the photosynthate labeled with 13C distribution ratio in the panicle was greater in the basipetal 2nd leaves than in the flag leaves for ZZ39, whereas the opposite was observed in LLY268. These different photosynthate allocation patterns and their responses to nitrogen application were linked with their corresponding tiller number and number of grains per panicle.DiscussionThis study shows that early-season rice has the ability to flexibly adapt their carbon and nitrogen allocation patterns to gain optimized yield components for higher yield under different nitrogen status. Early season rice can be used as a model system to study the growth strategy selection of plants to changing environment conditions.
“Rat race” or “lying flat”? The influence of performance pressure on employees' work behavior
Authors: Liao Qianyi , Zhang Jinsong , Li Fangfang , Yang Shiyuan , Li Zhen , Yue Longhua , Dou Cunfang 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionPerformance pressure refers to employees' subjective perception of the necessity to achieve expected goals, accompanied by a sense of urgency and tension. This study explores how employees cope with performance pressure, focusing on two contrasting strategies: the “rat race” (proactive work behavior) or “lying flat” (work withdrawal). Grounded in the transactional theory of stress and affective event theory, this research aims to uncover the mechanisms through which performance pressure influences work behavior.MethodsA moderated dual-mediation model was developed to examine the dual pathways of challenge appraisal and workplace anxiety as mediators in the relationship between performance pressure and work behavior. Data were collected through a two-stage survey involving 356 employees from various industries. Statistical analyses, including structural equation modeling, were used to test the hypothesized relationships.ResultsThe findings reveal that performance pressure has a dual effect: it simultaneously stimulates challenge appraisal, promoting proactive work behavior, and induces workplace anxiety, leading to work withdrawal behavior. Additionally, learning goal orientation moderates these effects. Specifically, it strengthens the positive relationship between performance pressure and challenge appraisal while weakening the link between performance pressure and workplace anxiety.DiscussionThis study highlights the complex and dual nature of performance pressure in influencing employee behavior. By identifying learning goal orientation as a critical moderator, organizations can better understand how to harness the positive aspects of performance pressure while mitigating its negative effects. These insights provide practical guidance for managing performance pressure and minimizing associated risks in the workplace.
Sleep patterns and smartphone use among left-behind children: a latent class analysis and its association with depressive symptoms
Authors: Han Xue , Li Cheng-Han , Miao Heng , Xu Su , Yan Wen-Jing , Chen Juan 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundLeft-behind children in China face challenges in sleep patterns, technology use, and mental health. This study uses an individual-centered approach to derive behavioral profiles associated with depressive symptoms.MethodsData from 131,586 left-behind children aged 8 to 18 years from the Chinese Psychological Health Guard for Children and Adolescents Project were analyzed. Participants were recruited from 569 centers across schools, community institutes, orphanages, and children’s hospitals throughout China. Latent class analysis was conducted using weekday and weekend sleep duration and smartphone use as indicators. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).ResultsFour distinct classes emerged: Sufficient Sleep Low Users (23.6%), Moderate Sleep Medium Users (25.2%), Limited Sleep High Users (22.1%), and Healthy Sleep Low Users (29.2%). Significant differences in CES-D scores were found between classes (F(3, 131579) = 4929, p &lt;.001, η² = 0.101). The Limited Sleep High Users class reported the highest levels of depressive symptoms (M = 11.60, SE = 0.0658), while the Sufficient Sleep Low Users class reported the lowest (M = 3.67, SE = 0.0346). A linear relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms was observed. Significant weekday-weekend differences in smartphone use were noted in the unhealthy categories.ConclusionsThis study reveals complex associations between sleep patterns, smartphone use, and depressive symptoms among left-behind children. The identified behavioral profiles provide insights into population heterogeneity and inform targeted intervention strategies. Findings emphasize the importance of addressing both sleep and technology use in mental health initiatives for this vulnerable population.
Predictive model of positive attitudes in Spanish health care students towards older people: assessment and associated factors
Authors: González-Moreno Jesús , Agustí Ana Isabel , Guillem-Saiz Javier , Parra-Rizo María Antonia , Cantero-García María 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAttitudes influence how individuals interact toward older people, which in turn impacts the way people care for them. This is a key factor to consider for future health professionals who will frequently work with older individuals. This issue has been approached by simply quantifying these attitudes (negative, neutral, or positive). However, this work aims to not only quantify these attitudes but to study other associated variables and develop a predictive model of positive attitudes toward the older people in a sample of Spanish university students of health care careers.MethodsA total of 338 students were surveyed using a sociodemographic questionnaire and two validated scales: the Spanish versions of the Kogan Scale of Attitudes toward Older People (KAOP) and the Global Assessment of Character Strengths-24 (GACS-24). This study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, ex post facto design, with data analyzed through correlation and regression techniques to identify predictors of positive attitudes toward older adults.ResultsThe results exhibited significantly positive attitudes toward older people. The analysis identified “love” (a character strength) and “interest in aging issues” as significant predictors of these attitudes.ConclusionsThis study concludes that positive attitudes toward older adults are significantly associated with the character strength of ‘love’ and ‘interest in aging issues,’ highlighting the importance of these variables in shaping attitudes among future health professionals.
Racial disparities in acute care utilization among individuals with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Qi Cynthia , Narayanaswami Pushpa , Anderson Ashley E. L. , Gelinas Deborah , Li Yuebing , Guptill Jeffrey T. , Amirthaganesan Dakshinamoorthy , Ward Charlotte , Panchal Rupesh , Goyal Amit , Phillips Glenn 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveIn myasthenia gravis (MG), evidence on the impact of social determinants of health on disparities in disease burden and healthcare resource utilization is limited. This study aimed to investigate the independent association between race/ethnicity and acute care utilization during the 2 years post-diagnosis among patients with MG.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among adults (≥18 years) with newly diagnosed MG in the United States using Optum’s de-identified Market Clarity Data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between acute care utilization and race/ethnicity, insurance, exacerbation at index, and other covariates.ResultsA total of 7,058 patients met the study inclusion criteria, of whom 57% (n = 4,052) identified as Caucasian, 6% (n = 445) African American, 3% (n = 235) Hispanic, 1% (n = 94) Asian, and 32% (n = 2,232) with missing race/ethnicity information. Compared with patients identifying as Caucasian, those identifying as African American had 37% higher odds of having an emergency department visit in year 1, and those identifying as Hispanic had 70% increase in odds of having a hospitalization event in year 2 post-diagnosis. Among other covariates, Medicaid usage, exacerbation at index, and number of outpatient visits were significantly associated with acute care utilization.ConclusionRacial disparities significantly impacted acute care utilization in the first 2 years post-MG diagnosis. Future studies should aim to examine specific factors that may contribute to disparities such as barriers to healthcare access, greater severity of MG symptoms, and poorly controlled disease.
Exploring challenges and coping strategies in providing care for older adults with dementia: a qualitative study conducted in China
Authors: Cheng Yanan , Yang Meijiazi , Ma Sha 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of dementias in China has imposed a substantial burden on caregivers, posing a serious threaten to their physical and mental well-being. It is imperative to explore practical measures to alleviate the stress experienced by those caregivers of older adults with dementia.MethodsA semi-structured questionnaire was adopted for conducting interviews with the participants from December 2022 to January 2023. Subsequently, the interviews were meticulously recorded and transcribed in their entirety, followed by a rigorous analysis of the resulting data and information.ResultsA total of 17 participants who provided care for older adults with dementia were interviewed across various settings including rural areas, communities, hospitals, and nursing homes in Shandong Province. These caregivers encountered challenges such as limited social interaction, significant mental strain, deteriorating physical health, financial insufficiency, and a lack of professional expertise. The current social support systems were deemed insufficient for families caring for older adults with dementia. To alleviate the burden on dementia caregivers, particularly for those with low-income status, the government needs to prioritize enhancing the coverage of the long-term healthcare system and expanding the essential medication list. Given the growing population of older adults in China and the fact that most individuals with dementia are cared for by family members, it is recommended to establish a multifaceted support system involving collaboration among government, social organizations, and volunteers within both urban and rural communities.ConclusionThe gradual expansion of coverage of long-term care insurance, the proactive inclusion of dementia treatment drugs into the essential medication list, and optimization of a diversified dementia care system ought to be a matter of significant concern.
Attitudes of polish medical students toward organ donation
Authors: Mikla Marzena , Cybulska Anna Maria , Rios Antonio , Panczyk Mariusz , Rachubińska Kamila , Kotwas Artur , Karakiewicz Beata , Grochans Elżbieta , Schneider-Matyka Daria 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to analyze determinants affecting attitudes toward organ donation among medical students at medical universities in Poland.Materials and methodsThe study involved 1,348 medical students. It was performed using a validated questionnaire of attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) [PCID-DTO RIOS: A questionnaire designed by the International Collaborative Organ Donation project about organ transplantation and donation].ResultsIt was shown that those who would not donate their family member’s organs for transplantation were far more likely to believe it was not their moral duty (p = 0.013) and to feel no solidarity with those in need (p = 0.000). Those who spoke to their families believed it was their moral duty (p = 0.000), and believed they would do it out of solidarity with those in need (p = 0.000). It was found that having family conversations about donating one’s organs for transplantation was statistically significantly related to being a blood donor (p = 0.002), fear of desecration/disfigurement of the body after death in case of organ donation (p = 0. 000), a belief that it may be necessary to become an organ recipient in the future (p = 0.000), and knowledge of loved ones’ opinions about ODT (father p = 0.000, mother p = 0.000), partner (p = 0.000).Conclusion1. The reluctance to donate the organs of loved ones for transplantation is accompanied by a lack of a sense of moral obligation and a lack of solidarity with those in need. Conversely, conversations among loved ones about organ donation are thought-provoking, causing a sense of moral obligation and solidarity with those in need. 2. Regardless of the stance on organ donation and family discussions on the subject, the respondents do not care what happens to the body after organ donation, but they also do not know the opinions of their loved ones about ODT. 3. Conversations with loved ones contribute to the acceptance of circumstances in which organs would be harvested for transplantation without consent.
Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of environmental welfare performance in Chinese cities
Authors: Zhang Yipeng , Wang Meixia 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundIn the process of China’s urbanization, issues such as air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution have become increasingly prominent, severely constraining the sustainable development of cities. The resultant decline in environmental welfare performance (EWP) not only affects residents’ quality of life but may also lead to public health issues, increasing healthcare costs, and subsequently impacting social stability and economic development.MethodsThis paper incorporates factors closely related to environmental pollution, such as residents’ health and social welfare, into the analytical framework of environmental welfare performance. Using the Hybrid-Network-DEA model, we measure the EWP of 240 cities in China, and then investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and spatio-temporal evolution patterns of EWP. Finally, empirical testing of the factors influencing EWP is conducted using spatial econometric methods.ResultsThe overall level of EWP in 240 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2019 is relatively low, but it generally shows a wavy upward trend. Meanwhile, notable regional disparities exist in EWP, with the highest average performance in the east, followed by the west, and the lowest in the central. The main source of regional differences in EWP lies in inter-regional disparities. The greatest internal disparities are found in the east, while the largest inter-regional disparities are between the east and the west. A pronounced positive spatial autocorrelation is observed in the EWP among Chinese cities. Economic development, opening-up, financial development, digital infrastructure, and population density significantly promote the local EWP, whereas the industrial structure and transportation structure have exerted opposite effects. Additionally, the enhancement of EWP in neighboring regions is also notably facilitated by economic development, opening-up, financial development, and digital infrastructure. Within the three major regions, the direct and indirect effects of various influencing factors exhibit significant differences.ConclusionBased on these insights, we suggest comprehensively improving environmental welfare efficiency, narrowing regional disparities, strengthening spatial agglomeration effects, optimizing industrial structure, and strengthening financial support and digital infrastructure construction.