bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgG antibodies that recognize epitope Gly40-Arg43 in domain I of β2–glycoprotein I cause LAC, and their presence correlates strongly with thrombosis
Authors: de Laat Bas , Derksen Ronald H. W. M. , Urbanus Rolf T. , de Groot Philip G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAnti–β2–glycoprotein I antibodies are known to have a heterogeneous reactivity against β2–glycoprotein I. We performed this study to characterize the epitope on β2–glycoprotein I to which pathologic anti–β2–glycoprotein I antibodies are directed. Plasma samples from 198 patients with various systemic autoimmune diseases were tested for the presence of lupus anticoagulant and anti–β2–glycoprotein I immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. The reactivity of the anti–β2–glycoprotein I–positive samples was further tested by coating recombinant full-length β2–glycoprotein I and 8 deletion mutants of β2–glycoprotein I onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates. Full-length β2–glycoprotein I with point mutations in domain I at positions 8, 40, and 43 were used in inhibition experiments. Fifty-two patients with anti–β2–glycoprotein I IgG antibodies could be divided into 2 patterns. Type A antibodies only recognize domain I when coated onto hydrophobic plates; they do not recognize domain I coated onto hydrophilic plates. Type B antibodies have heterogeneous reactivity for all domains. Type A antibodies recognize the epitope around amino acids Gly40-Arg43 and cause lupus anticoagulant activity. In contrast to type B antibodies, those of type A strongly correlated with thrombosis. In conclusion, antibodies directed at domain I (epitope comprising Gly40 and Arg43) have lupus anticoagulant activity and strongly associate with thrombosis.
Inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins from Ribes nigrum leaves on carrageenin acute inflammatory reactions induced in rats
Authors: Garbacki Nancy , Tits Monique , Angenot Luc , Damas Jacques 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
The anti-inflammatory effects of proanthocyanidins (PACs), isolated from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves, were analysed using carrageenin-induced paw oedema and carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats.

Results
Pretreatment of the animals with PACs (10, 30, 60 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced paw oedema induced by carrageenin in a dose and time-dependent manner. PACs also inhibited dose-dependently carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats. They reduced (A) lung injury, (B) pleural exudate formation, (C) polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, (D) pleural exudate levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and CINC-1 but did not affect IL-6 and IL-10 levels. They reduced (E) pleural exudate levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx). In indomethacin treated rats, the volume of pleural exudate was low, its content in leukocytes and its contents in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 but not in NOx were reduced. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of PACs are achieved through a different pattern from those of indomethacin.

Conclusion
These results suggest that the main mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of PACs mainly lies in an interference with the migration of the leukocytes. Moreover, PACs inhibited in vivo nitric oxide release.
The use of warfarin in veterans with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bravata Dawn M , Rosenbeck Karen , Kancir Sue , Brass Lawrence M 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
Warfarin therapy is effective for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, warfarin therapy is underutilized even among ideal anticoagulation candidates. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of warfarin in both inpatients and outpatients with atrial fibrillation within a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital system.

Methods
This retrospective medical record review included outpatients and inpatients with atrial fibrillation. The outpatient cohort included all patients seen in the outpatient clinics of the VA Connecticut Healthcare System during June 2000 with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The inpatient cohort included all patients discharged from the VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Medical Center with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation during October 1999 – March 2000. The outcome measure was the rate of warfarin prescription in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Results
A total of 538 outpatients had a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and 73 of these had a documented contraindication to anticoagulation. Among the 465 eligible outpatients, 455 (98%) were prescribed warfarin. For the inpatients, a total of 212 individual patients were discharged with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and 97 were not eligible for warfarin therapy. Among the 115 eligible inpatients, 106 (92%) were discharged on warfarin.

Conclusions
Ideal anticoagulation candidates with atrial fibrillation are being prescribed warfarin at very high rates within one VA system, in both the inpatient and outpatient settings; we found warfarin use within our VA was much higher than that observed for Medicare beneficiaries in our state.
Mental health first aid training of the public in a rural area: a cluster randomized trial [ISRCTN53887541]
Authors: Jorm Anthony F , Kitchener Betty A , O'Kearney Richard , Dear Keith BG 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
A Mental Health First Aid course has been developed which trains members of the public in how to give initial help in mental health crisis situations and to support people developing mental health problems. This course has previously been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial in a workplace setting and found to produce a number of positive effects. However, this was an efficacy trial under relatively ideal conditions. Here we report the results of an effectiveness trial in which the course is given under more typical conditions.

Methods
The course was taught to members of the public in a large rural area in Australia by staff of an area health service. The 16 Local Government Areas that made up the area were grouped into pairs matched for size, geography and socio-economic level. One of each Local Government Area pair was randomised to receive immediate training while one served as a wait-list control. There were 753 participants in the trial: 416 in the 8 trained areas and 337 in the 8 control areas. Outcomes measured before the course started and 4 months after it ended were knowledge of mental disorders, confidence in providing help, actual help provided, and social distance towards people with mental disorders. The data were analysed taking account of the clustered design and using an intention-to-treat approach.

Results
Training was found to produce significantly greater recognition of the disorders, increased agreement with health professionals about which interventions are likely to be helpful, decreased social distance, increased confidence in providing help to others, and an increase in help actually provided. There was no change in the number of people with mental health problems that trainees had contact with nor in the percentage advising someone to seek professional help.

Conclusions
Mental Health First Aid training produces positive changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour when the course is given to members of the public by instructors from the local health service.
Trends in suicide in Scotland 1981 – 1999: age, method and geography
Authors: Stark Cameron , Hopkins Paddy , Gibbs Diane , Rapson Tracey , Belbin Alan , Hay Alistair 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
Male suicide rates continued to increase in Scotland when rates in England and Wales declined. Female rates decreased, but at a slower rate than in England and Wales. Previous work has suggested higher than average rates in some rural areas of Scotland. This paper describes trends in suicide and undetermined death in Scotland by age, gender, geographical area and method for 1981 – 1999.

Methods
Deaths from suicide and undetermined cause in Scotland from 1981 – 1999 were identified using the records of the General Registrar Office. The deaths of people not resident in Scotland were excluded from the analysis. Death rates were calculated by area of residence, age group, gender, and method. Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for rates by geographical area.

Results
Male rates of death by suicide and undetermined death increased by 35% between 1981 – 1985 and 1996 – 1999. The largest increases were in the youngest age groups. All age female rates decreased by 7% in the same period, although there were increases in younger female age groups.
The commonest methods of suicide in men were hanging, self-poisoning and car exhaust fumes. Hanging in males increased by 96.8% from 45 per million to 89 per million, compared to a 30.7% increase for self-poisoning deaths. In females, the commonest method of suicide was self-poisoning. Female hanging death rates increased in the time period.
Male SMRs for 1981 – 1999 were significantly elevated in Western Isles (SMR 138, 95% CI 112 – 171), Highland (135, CI 125 – 147), and Greater Glasgow (120, CI 115 – 125). The female SMR was significantly high only in Greater Glasgow (120, CI 112 – 128).

Conclusion
All age suicide rates increased in men and decreased in women in Scotland in 1981 – 1999. Previous findings of higher than expected male rates in some rural areas were supported. Rates were also high in Greater Glasgow, one of the most deprived areas of Scotland. There were changes in the methods used, with an increase in hanging deaths in men, and a smaller increase in hanging in women. Altered choice of method may have contributed to the increased male deaths.
Detecting imbalanced expression of SNP alleles by minisequencing on microarrays
Authors: Liljedahl Ulrika , Fredriksson Mona , Dahlgren Andreas , Syvänen Ann-Christine 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
Each of the human genes or transcriptional units is likely to contain single nucleotide polymorphisms that may give rise to sequence variation between individuals and tissues on the level of RNA. Based on recent studies, differential expression of the two alleles of heterozygous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be frequent for human genes. Methods with high accuracy to be used in a high throughput setting are needed for systematic surveys of expressed sequence variation. In this study we evaluated two formats of multiplexed, microarray based minisequencing for quantitative detection of imbalanced expression of SNP alleles. We used a panel of ten SNPs located in five genes known to be expressed in two endothelial cell lines as our model system.

Results
The accuracy and sensitivity of quantitative detection of allelic imbalance was assessed for each SNP by constructing regression lines using a dilution series of mixed samples from individuals of different genotype. Accurate quantification of SNP alleles by both assay formats was evidenced for by R2 values > 0.95 for the majority of the regression lines. According to a two sample t-test, we were able to distinguish 1–9% of a minority SNP allele from a homozygous genotype, with larger variation between SNPs than between assay formats. Six of the SNPs, heterozygous in either of the two cell lines, were genotyped in RNA extracted from the endothelial cells. The coefficient of variation between the fluorescent signals from five parallel reactions was similar for cDNA and genomic DNA. The fluorescence signal intensity ratios measured in the cDNA samples were compared to those in genomic DNA to determine the relative expression levels of the two alleles of each SNP. Four of the six SNPs tested displayed a higher than 1.4-fold difference in allelic ratios between cDNA and genomic DNA. The results were verified by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridisation and minisequencing in a microtiter plate format.

Conclusions
We conclude that microarray based minisequencing is an accurate and accessible tool for multiplexed screening for imbalanced allelic expression in multiple samples and tissues in parallel.
Enhanced cell-permeant Cre protein for site-specific recombination in cultured cells
Authors: Lin Qing , Jo Daewoong , Gebre-Amlak Kassatihun D , Ruley H Earl 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
Cell-permeant Cre DNA site-specific recombinases provide an easily controlled means to regulate gene structure and function in living cells. Since recombination provides a stable and unambiguous record of protein uptake, the enzyme may also be used for quantitative studies of cis- and trans-acting factors that influence the delivery of proteins into cells.

Results
In the present study, 11 recombinant fusion proteins were analyzed to characterize sequences and conditions that affect protein uptake and/or activity and to develop more active cell-permeant enzymes. We report that the native enzyme has a low, but intrinsic ability to enter cells. The most active Cre proteins tested contained either an N-terminal 6xHis tag and a nuclear localization sequence from SV40 large T antigen (HNC) or the HIV Tat transduction sequence and a C-terminal 6xHis tag (TCH6). The NLS and 6xHis elements separately enhanced the delivery of the HNC protein into cells; moreover, transduction sequences from fibroblast growth factor 4, HIV Tat or consisting of the (KFF)3K sequence were not required for efficient protein transduction and adversely affected enzyme solubility. Transduction of the HNC protein required 10 to 15 min for half-maximum uptake, was greatly decreased at 4°C and was inhibited by serum. Efficient recombination was observed in all cell types tested (a T-cell line, NIH3T3, Cos7, murine ES cells, and primary splenocytes), and did not require localization of the enzyme to the nucleus.

Conclusions
The effects of different sequences on the delivery and/or activity of Cre in cultured cells could not be predicted in advance. Consequently, the process of developing more active cell-permeant recombinases was largely empirical. The HNC protein, with an excellent combination of activity, solubility and yield, will enhance the use of cell-permeant Cre proteins to regulate gene structure and function in living cells.
Decrease of resistance to air flow with nasal strips as measured with the airflow perturbation device
Authors: Wong Lily S , Johnson Arthur T 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Background
Nasal strips are used by athletes, people who snore, and asthmatics to ease the burden of breathing. Although there are some published studies that demonstrate higher flow with nasal strips, none had directly measured the effect of the strips on nasal resistance using the airflow perturbation device (APD). The APD is an inexpensive instrument that can measure respiratory resistance based on changes in mouth pressure and rate of airflow.

Method
This study tested forty-seven volunteers (14 men and 33 women), ranging in age from 17 to 51. Each volunteer was instructed to breathe normally into the APD using an oronasal mask with and without nasal strips. The APD measured respiratory resistance during inhalation, exhalation, and an average of the two.

Results
Results of a paired mean t-test comparing nasal strip against no nasal strip were statistically significant at the p = 0.05 level. The Breathe Right™ nasal dilator strips lowered nasal resistance by an average of 0.5 cm H20/Lps from an average nasal resistance of 5.5 cm H20/Lps.

Conclusions
Nasal strips reduce nasal resistance when measured with the APD. The effect is equal during exhalation and during inhalation.
Methylation of histones in myeloid leukemias as a potential marker of granulocyte abnormalities
Authors: Lukášová Emilie , Kořistek Zdeněk , Falk Martin , Kozubek Stanislav , Grigoryev Sergei , Kozubek Michal , Ondřej Vladan , Kroupová Iva 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe show that common heterochromatin antigenic protein markers [HP1α, -β, -γ and mono-, di-, and trimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9)], although present in human blood progenitor CD34+ cells, differentiated lymphocytes, and monocytes, are absent in neutrophil granulocytes and to large extent, in eosinophils. Monomethylated and in particular, dimethylated H3K9 are present to variable degrees in the granulocytes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, without being accompanied by HP1 proteins. In patients with an acute phase of CML and in acute myeloid leukemia patients, strong methylation of H3K9 and all isoforms of HP1 are detected. In chronic forms of CML, no strong correlations among the level of histone methylation, disease progression, and modality of treatment were observed. Histone methylation was found even in “cured” patients without Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) resulting from +(9;22)(q34;q11) BCR/ABL translocation, suggesting an incomplete process of developmentally regulated chromatin remodeling in the granulocytes of these patients. Similarly, reprogramming of leukemia HL-60 cells to terminal differentiation by retinoic acid does not eliminate H3K9 methylation and the presence of HP1 isoforms from differentiated granulocytes. Thus, our study shows for the first time that histone H3 methylation may be changed dramatically during normal cell differentiation. The residual histone H3 methylation in myeloid leukemia cells suggests an incomplete chromatin condensation that may be linked to the leukemia cell proliferation and may be important for the prognosis of disease treatment and relapse.
Where History, Philosophy, and Psychology Meet: An Interview with Wayne Viney
Authors: Rutherford Alexandra 
Published: October 2004

Wayne Viney is Professor of Psychology and University Distinguished Teaching Scholar at Colorado State University where he teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the history of psychology. He is also inaugurating a new course, The Development of Scientific Thought, for the College of Natural Sciences at Colorado State. Earlier in his career, he served as Head of the Department of Psychology, Associate Dean of the College of Natural Sciences, and Director of the University Core Curriculum in the Biological Sciences. Viney was elected President of Division 26 (History of Psychology) and of the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association. He has been the recipient of 15 teaching awards at Colorado State University. In 1998, he served as a G. Stanley Hall lecturer for the American Psychological Association. He is coauthor with D. Brett King of A History of Psychology: Ideas and Context. He is also coauthor with Michael and Marilyn Wertheimer of a major bibliography entitled History of Psychology: A Guide to Information Sources. The focus of Viney's historical research has been the psychology and philosophy of William James as well as the life and work of the American humanitarian reformer, Dorothea Lynde Dix. Alexandra Rutherford is Assistant Professor of Psychology at York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, where she is a faculty member in the History and Theory of Psychology Graduate Program. She teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in the history of psychology and undergraduate courses in abnormal psychology and personality psychology. She supervises both undergraduate and graduate students in historical and theoretical research projects and serves as the assistant editor of the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. She also edits the Heritage Column for The Feminist Psychologist, the newsletter of the Society for the Psychology of Women (Division 35 of the American Psychological Association). She has developed a Heritage Web site for Division 35 that is devoted to documenting the role of women in the history of psychology and promoting feminist approaches to writing, teaching, and understanding psychology's history ( www.psych.yorku.ca/femhop/ ). Her primary research areas are the history of B. F. Skinner's system in science and culture and the history of women and feminism in psychology. In 2001 she received the Division 26 (History of Psychology) Early Career Award for scholarship in the history of psychology. She is also a clinical psychologist in private practice.
Annotated Bibliography on the Teaching of Psychology: 2003
Authors: Johnson David E. , Kirkbride Abby L. , Schroder Simone I. 
Published: October 2004

This bibliography is a continuation ofthose previously published in Teaching of Psychology (e.g., Berry & Daniel, 1984; Fulkerson & Wise, 1987; Johnson & Schroder, 1997; Wise & Fulkerson, 1996). We maintained similar search methods and criteria for inclusion that were used in previous bibliographies. We also continued the cumulative numbering of the items. To help the reader locate relevant articles, we arranged items into a small number of subject categories. Generally, if fewer than three items fell into a specific subject category, they were relegated to a category labeled miscellaneous.
Novel and Efficient Lewis Acids as Catalysts for Single-step Synthesis of Pyrano- and Furoquinolines
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy M Ravinder , Reddy V Saidi , Ramu R 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Some Lewis acids such as ZrCl4, SnCl4, TiCl4, and PtCl4 have been found to be novel and highly efficient catalysts for one-pot coupling of the three components, anilines, aldehydes, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or 2,3-dihydrofuran to produce the corresponding pyrano- or furoqinolines in high yields and high diastereoselectivity.
Massless fermions and superconductivity of string-wall composites
Authors: Eto Minoru , Suzuki Yuito 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An axion cosmic string is known to be a chiral superconductor when the axion couples to an electrically charged fermion. After the QCD phase transition, a QCD axion string is attached by N domain walls. We would like to elucidate the fate of massless fermions on a global string after domain walls attached not only in the axion model but also in general models having string-wall composites. We investigate the Dirac equation under various string-wall composite backgrounds both in the axion(-like) models and in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry inspired Abelian-Higgs models. We give an answer to the elementary question of whether massless fermions exist, and if so, where they are localized. The answer depends on fermion/boson masses in the models, and the massless fermion can be localized either on the string, on one of the domain walls, or in one of the vacua. We find analytic solutions for the fermion zero mode function by which we prove the existence of the massless fermion on the string-wall composites. We also show supercurrents flowing along the string-wall composites and anomalous electric currents flowing in from outside.
Constraints on a generalization of geometric quantum mechanics from neutrino and B0-$$ \overline{B^0} $$ oscillations
Authors: Bhatta Nabin , Minic Djordje , Takeuchi Tatsu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nambu Quantum Mechanics, proposed in Phys. Lett. B536, 305 (2002), is a deformation of canonical Quantum Mechanics in which the manifold over which the “phase” of an energy eigenstate time evolves is modified. This generalization affects oscillation and interference phenomena through the introduction of two deformation parameters that quantify the extent of deviation from canonical Quantum Mechanics. In this paper, we constrain these parameters utilizing atmospheric neutrino oscillation data, and B0-$$ \overline{B^0} $$

B
0

¯

oscillation data from Belle. Surprisingly, the bound from atmospheric neutrinos is stronger than the bound from Belle. Various features of Nambu Quantum Mechanics are also discussed.