bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rechtskonformität der ärztlichen Aufklärung
bei relativ indizierter sekundärer Sectio an geburtshilflichen Kliniken
in Deutschland – Teil II: Neues
Aufklärungskonzept
Authors: Jaster Alexandra Marina , Gaidzik Peter Wolfgang , Schiermeier Sven 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Vermeidung von Haftungsfällen für
Geburtsschäden wegen ärztlicher Aufklärungsfehler steht
im dringenden Interesse der geburtshilflichen Kliniken in Deutschland. Das Ziel
dieser deutschlandweiten Studie war, ein mit Blick auf die häufige
Situation der relativ indizierten sekundären Sectio neu entwickeltes
Aufklärungskonzept durch die geburtshilflichen Kliniken in Deutschland
auf seine Praxistauglichkeit hin bewerten zu lassen und das Antwortverhalten
vergleichend zu analysieren.
Methodik Alle geburtshilflichen Kliniken in Deutschland wurden im Rahmen
einer anonymen Online-Studie mit einem eigens entwickelten Fragebogen
kontaktiert und gebeten, diesbezüglich 5 Fragen zu beantworten. Die
Kliniken wurden in zwei Vergleichsgruppen anhand ihrer bisherigen
Aufklärungspraxis in Bezug auf die Verwendung eines allgemeinen
Aufklärungsbogens bei Geburtsanmeldung mit ärztlichem
Aufklärungsgespräch eingeteilt.
Ergebnisse 93 Fragebögen konnten ausgewertet werden. Dem neuen
Aufklärungsalgorithmus wird von der Mehrheit der Kliniken
(59,14%) die Praxistauglichkeit bescheinigt. Im Gruppenvergleich zeigen
sich deutliche Bewertungsunterschiede.
Schlussfolgerung Im Eigeninteresse sollten die Klinikträger
bestrebt sein, ihren Ärzten ein rechtskonformes
Aufklärungskonzept nebst den dafür erforderlichen personellen
und materiellen Ressourcen zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Synthesis of Aryl Carboxylic Acids through Ambient Electro-oxidation of Arylacetylenes
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Yuan Hongyan , Sun Manxin , Zhang Tong , Wu Guohao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn efficient and environment-friendly synthesis of aryl carboxylic acids through the ambient electro-oxidation of the arylacetylenes is demonstrated. The reaction proceeds smoothly at certain applied potentials in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and water with potassium peroxymonosulfate (Oxone) as the additive. The isolated yields of the desired products are good up to 90%, and the reaction exhibits excellent functional-group tolerance. In this electrochemical system, transition metal catalysts, extra acids/bases, and high temperature are not required. This method may open up a pathway for the synthesis of carboxylic acids by the electrochemistry strategy.
Black-bounces with multiple throats and anti-throats
Authors: Rodrigues Manuel E , Silva Marcos V de S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this article, we test the possibility of building new black-bounce spacetimes with changes in the area in the context of general relativity in four dimensions. These new metrics can present extra structures, such as anti-throats. We see two regions where the area goes to infinity, and, depending on the model, one of these regions presents curvature singularities. Regular metrics can be extended to negative values of the radial coordinate and have a symmetrical structure, whereas some singular cases cannot be extended and have no symmetrical structure. The energy conditions are analyzed, and, for some cases, at least one of the inequalities in the null energy condition is not respected. We also presented models that satisfied the null energy condition outside the event horizon. The event horizon hides the throats of these models.
In horizon penetrating coordinates: Kerr black hole metric perturbation, construction and completion
Authors: Aly Fawzi , Stojkovic Dejan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the Teukolsky equation in horizon-penetrating coordinates to study the behavior of perturbation waves crossing the outer horizon. For this purpose, we use the null ingoing/outgoing Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates. The first derivative of the radial equation is a Fuchsian differential equation with an additional regular singularity to the ones the radial one has. The radial functions satisfy the physical boundary conditions without imposing any regularity conditions. We also observe that the Hertz-Weyl scalar equations preserve their angular and radial signatures in these coordinates. Using the angular equation, we construct the metric perturbation for a circularly orbiting perturber around a black hole in Kerr spacetime in a horizon-penetrating setting. Furthermore, we completed the missing metric pieces due to the mass M and angular momentum J perturbations. We also provide an explicit formula for the metric perturbation as a function of the radial part, its derivative, and the angular part of the solution to the Teukolsky equation. Finally, we discuss the importance of the extra singularity in the radial derivative for the convergence of the metric expansion.
Local momentum space: scalar field and gravity
Authors: Panda Sukanta , Tinwala Abbas , Vidyarthi Archit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We use the local momentum space technique to obtain an expansion of the Feynman propagators for scalar field and graviton up to first order in the background curvature. The expressions for the propagators are cross-checked with the past literature as well as with the expressions for the traced heat kernel coefficients. The propagators so obtained are used to compute one-loop divergences in the Vilkovisky-Dewitt’s (VD’s) effective action for a scalar field non-minimally coupled with gravity for an arbitrary spacetime metric background. The VD effective action is then compared with the standard effective action in the limit κ = 0, where

κ
=
2

/

M
P

in terms of the Planck mass. The comparison yields the important result that taking the limit κ = 0 after computing the VD effective action is not equivalent to computing the VD effective action for the same theory in the absence of gravity.
Plasmon-induced hot-electron injection effect: mechanism of performance enhancement for ZnO MSM hybrid photodetector by introducing Ag NWs and MXene
Authors: Chu Lingling , Xu Chao , Liu Duanwangde , Nie Chao , Deng Liting 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a performance-enhanced hybrid ultraviolet metal–semiconductor–metal photodetector (UVPD) has been produced. This device incorporates a mixed photosensitive layer consisting of MXene nanoflakes that are covered on a thin film formed by Ag nanowires (NWs) wrapped in ZnO nanoparticles. This configuration, referred to as ZnO@Ag NWs/Mxene, capitalizes on the hot electrons generated by the localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon occurring in the Ag NWs and MXene. These hot electrons possess sufficient energy to traverse the interface depletion layer and reach the ZnO layer. Therefore, the injected hot electrons serve as additional photo carriers in the ZnO layer, thereby increasing the number of photo-generated carriers and improving the carrier concentration in ZnO. The improved UVPD device exhibits an amplified photocurrent of ∼2499.35 nA at 5 V, under a light intensity of 6.52 mW cm−2 and a wavelength of 365 nm. Simultaneously, it achieves enhanced performance indices, including an On/Off ratio of ∼984.19, a responsivity (R
p) of ∼66.87 mA W−1, and a detectivity (D
*) of ∼1.82 × 1011 jones. These values represent a significant improvement compared to devices based solely on the ZnO configuration, with enhancements of ∼24.90, 3.93, 23.38, and 9.33 times, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it can be inferred that employing the hot electron injection effect to design and enhance the performance of optoelectronic devices based on wide band gap semiconductors is a reasonable and effective strategy.
Resistive switching modulation by incorporating thermally enhanced layer in HfO2-based memristor
Authors: Li Xing , Feng Zhe , Zou Jianxun , Wu Zuheng , Xu Zuyu , Yang Fei , Zhu Yunlai , Dai Yuehua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Oxide-based memristors by incorporating thermally enhanced layer (TEL) have showed great potential in electronic devices for high-efficient and high-density neuromorphic computing owing to the improvement of multilevel resistive switching. However, research on the mechanism of resistive switching regulation is still lacking. In this work, based on the method of finite element numerical simulation analysis, a bilayer oxide-based memristor Pt/HfO2 (5 nm)/Ta2O5 (5 nm)/Pt with the Ta2O5 TEL was proposed. The oxygen vacancy concentrates distribution shows that the fracture of conductive filaments (CF) is at the interface where the local temperature is the highest during the reset process. The multilevel resistive switching properties were also obtained by applying different stop voltages. The fracture gap of CF can be enlarged with the increase of the stopping voltage, which is attributed to the heat-gathering ability of the TEL. Moreover, it was found that the fracture position of oxygen CF is dependent on the thickness of TEL, which exhibits a modulation of device RS performance. These results provide a theoretical guidance on the suitability of memristor devices for use in high-density memory and brain-actuated computer systems.
Transition in radio frequency gas breakdown with a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Yang Dong , Wang Huihui , Zheng Bocong , Liu Zhigang , Fu Yangyang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the quantification of gas breakdown voltages in low-pressure argon capacitive radio frequency (rf) discharges in the presence of an external transverse magnetic field via fully kinetic particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations. It is found that as the magnetic field increases, the left branch of the breakdown curve, a double-valued rf breakdown voltage regime, shifts toward a lower-pressure region. A split of the breakdown curve into lower and upper branches occurs when the external magnetic field rises to a critical value. The observed abrupt transition of rf breakdown behaviors can be understood based on the electron kinetics behaviors, with the consideration of the enhanced ionization and electron confinement induced by

E

×

B

drift motions. An improved analytical model is developed, which can estimate the critical magnetic field required for the occurrence of the transition.
Performance test of REBCO CICC sub-cables with 10 kA current under 20 T background field
Authors: Jin Huan , Zhou Chao , Fang Zhen , Xiao Guanyu , Wu Yongsheng , Chen Wenge , Ma Hongjun , Liu Fang , Liu Huajun , Kanazawa Shintetsu , Ma Tao , Tan Yunfei , Wu Zuojiafeng , Qin Jinggang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While commercially manufactured rare earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes show significant promise in facilitating the operation of fusion magnets with magnetic fields above 15 T, the design and development of highly stable cable in conduit conductor (CICC) technology is very important to achieve their practical application. To find a good solution for this demand, the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, proposed two kinds of CICC design concepts, which are both manufactured from a sub-cable formed by winding REBCO tape around a stainless steel spiral tube. As part of the ongoing activities to develop an REBCO CICC, two sections of sub-cable specimens were manufactured and bent into a U-shape for testing under magnetic fields up to 20 T. A sub-cable specimen with 30 commercial 4 mm wide REBCO tapes displayed around 10 kA at 4.2 K and a background magnetic field of up to 20 T. It also showed stable operation under an electromagnetic (EM) load of around 200 kN m−1, which is above the 150 kN m−1 required by the designed CICC sub-cable. However, the calculated I
c of the other specimen degraded from 8.8 kA to 8.5 kA when cycling with an EM load of around 160 kN m−1. The lower calculated n-value at 77 K and self-field as well as the observed imprints on the disassembled tape edges suggested that defects were generated in the cable during cabling, bending to the sample holder or operation with high EM and thermal loads. These results exhibit the potential and feasibility of using high flexible REBCO cable (HFRC) sub-cables for high-field fusion magnets. However, the winding parameters need to be optimized to ensure safe operation in more complex conditions, such as in tokamaks, especially if using tapes similar to those used in sample-B in this study. Moreover, it is imperative to establish much more rigorous requirements for coil manufacturing processes in order to avoid the occurrence of defects in the tapes.
Unraveling quench dynamics and real-time continuous detection in HTS tapes through distributed fiber optic sensing
Authors: Yang Taolue , Wang Xingzhe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, coils, and magnets often experiences intricate quench instabilities and failures during high current-carrying operations, posing challenges to their practical applications. This study addresses the need for a measurement approach capable of monitoring multi-field signals in superconducting structures within cryogenic and extreme electromagnetic environments. We explore the application of distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology, specifically employing the optical frequency domain reflectometry scheme, which offers distinct advantages over traditional point-type electrical testing methods, particularly for superconducting materials and magnets. In this experimental study, we continuously track the quench evolution process in superconducting tapes using both bonded and stress-free fibers for real-time monitoring. A comprehensive analysis of the acquired temperature and thermoelastic strain profiles provides essential insights into the dynamic behavior of quench events. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of DFOS in identifying and characterizing the onset and propagation of quenches. By arranging bonded and stress-free fibers in parallel on the HTS tape’s surface, we successfully decouple the effects of strain-temperature cross-sensitivity, enabling the extraction of temperature and train profiles. The bonded fiber optic sensor demonstrates rapid sensitivity to the thermally quenched events. Temporal derivatives of voltage and thermal strain exhibit characteristic plateaus and slope changes during quenches, respectively. The voltage rate displays two plateaus corresponding to superconducting-to-normal transitions, while strain rates exhibit potential as criteria for identifying quench events in HTS materials. Moreover, DFOS outperforms traditional terminal average voltage measurement, capturing quench evolution tails from the initial point of quench until the complete transition of the segment into the normal state. This experiment provides a solid foundation for further exploration of the underlying quench mechanism.
Success-rate-driven strategy updating enhances cooperation in social dilemmas
Authors: Lu Shounan , Dai Jianhua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Strategy updates play an important role in the evolution of cooperation. In traditional imitation rules, it is assumed that strategic learning is driven by payoff bias. In this study, a modified Fermi rule was proposed, in which payoff and success-rate are synthetically considered to determine players’ strategy updates. It is assumed that individuals have an immediate memory length M, and that success can be measured by using an identical aspiration level a as a benchmark. Success-rate is defined in the frequency that an individual’s payoff equals or exceeds the benchmark a within the memory length M. Numerical simulations conducted by considering the two factors in the strategy update show that cooperation can be facilitated compared to the traditional version. Using the identical aspiration level a as benchmark, the results show that there is a clear phase shift phenomenon in enhancing cooperation. This implies that different b will have an appropriate aspiration interval to achieve optimal cooperation. Moreover, only a moderate immediate memory length can facilitate cooperation. The proposed mechanism is highly robust and can provide valuable insights into the emergence and maintenance of cooperation.
Quantum steering in two-forked tree-shaped networks
Authors: Yang Shuyuan , He Kan , Qi Xiaofei , Hou Jinchuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Network quantum steering (NQS) arises from network models required with classification of trusted and untrusted parties. The network local hidden state (NLHS) models have first been proposed to define the NQS in a linear network with end points being trusted. In the paper, we devote to establishing the NLHS model to define the NQS in a kind of more complex and applied-extensively networks, namely, the two-forked tree-shaped network. Here we assume that the parties at the last layer are trusted while the remaining parties are untrusted in this network. According to the NLHS model, we observe that network nonlocality implies network steerability. Furthermore, we pay more attentions to discovering the relationship between the network quantum unsteerability and separability/unsteerability of bipartite sources in this two-forked tree-shaped network. Moreover, we generalize two kinds of bipartite steering inequality criteria as the NQS criteria. They are built based on statistical quantities, which can be directly evaluated in experiments.
A new highly fractal 1D- chaotic map-based novel encryption on HVS-based watermarked Fundus images for 2-level security in teleophthalmology applications
Authors: Amrutha M , Kannammal A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years the combination of medical image watermarking and encryption is becoming popular due to a better trade-off between authenticity and security, since, each of these methods alone is insufficient to offer complete security. In the proposed work, the watermark is embedded into the Fundus image using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the La*b* space image of the Fundus image. The scaling factor is selected based on the HVS property of the human eye. The proposed embedding algorithm is semi-blind because the system requires the singular values (s) of the La*b* image at the receiver side in order to extract the watermark. To improve security, the authenticated image then undergoes 2-levels of confusion process followed by diffusion for encryption. For diffusion, the key is generated from the newly developed Modified Sine-Logistic Chaotic System (MSLCS), which is constructed by the combination of logistic map and sine map. The performance evaluation of the new chaotic system has been done in terms of the Bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent, Phase portrait and Entropy. Also, Different tests such as Blood vessel segmentation and Retinal object identification were carried out on the original image, watermarked image, decrypted image and recovered image. The results show that the embedding of watermarks followed by encryption, on Fundus images does not affect the diagnosis and identification of retinal objects. Correct decryption, secured recovery of Fundus image and guaranteed extraction of the watermark at the receiver side make the proposed system secure for Fundus images in tele-ophthalmology applications.
Study of quantum well mixing induced by impurity-free vacancy in the primary epitaxial wafers of a 915 nm semiconductor laser
Authors: He Tianjiang , Liu Suping , Li Wei , Zhong Li , Ma Xiaoyu , Xiong Cong , Lin Nan , Wang Zhennuo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Output power and reliability are the most important characteristic parameters of semiconductor lasers. However, catastrophic optical damage (COD), which usually occurs on the cavity surface, will seriously damage the further improvement of the output power and affect the reliability. To improve the anti-optical disaster ability of the cavity surface, a non-absorption window (NAW) is adopted for the 915 nm InGaAsP/GaAsP single-quantum well semiconductor laser using quantum well mixing (QWI) induced by impurity-free vacancy. Both the principle and the process of point defect diffusion are described in detail in this paper. We also studied the effects of annealing temperature, annealing time, and the thickness of SiO2 film on the quantum well mixing in a semiconductor laser with a primary epitaxial structure, which is distinct from the previous structures. We found that when compared with the complete epitaxial structure, the blue shift of the semiconductor laser with the primary epitaxial structure is larger under the same conditions. To obtain the appropriate blue shift window, the primary epitaxial structure can use a lower annealing temperature and shorter annealing time. In addition, the process is less expensive. We also provide references for upcoming device fabrication.
Commissioning the digital mass-filter/ion-trap module for the MS SPIDOC prototype
Authors: Simke Florian , Fischer Paul , Damjanović Tomislav , Kádek Alan , Kierspel Thomas , Lorenzen Kristina , Uetrecht Charlotte , Schweikhard Lutz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The combination of a linear quadrupole ion-filter and linear Paul trap operated with a
rectangular guiding field for the filtering and accumulation of ions within the Mass
Spectrometry for Single Particle Imaging of Dipole
Oriented protein Complexes (MS SPIDOC) prototype [T. Kierspel et al.,
Anal. Bioanal. Chem., published online] is characterized. Using cationic caesium-iodide
clusters, the ion-separation performance, ion accumulation, cooling, and ejection via in-trap pin
electrodes is evaluated. Furthermore, proof-of-principle measurements are performed with
64 kDa multiply-charged non-covalent protein complexes of human hemoglobin and
804 kDa non-covalent complex of GroEL, to demonstrate that the module meets the
criteria to handle high-mass ions which are the main objective of the MS SPIDOC project. The
setup's performance is found to be in line with previous results from ion-trajectory
simulations [F. Simke et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
473 (2022) 116779].
Design of a mobile neutron spectrometer for the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)
Authors: Solmaz M. , Balzer M. , Eitel K. , Ferella A. , Oberlack U. , Pirling U. , Pompa F. , Tcherniakhovski D. , Valerius K. , Wüstling S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Environmental neutrons are a source of background for rare event searches (e.g., dark
matter direct detection and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments) taking place in deep
underground laboratories. The overwhelming majority of these neutrons are produced in the cavern
walls by means of intrinsic radioactivity of the rock and concrete. Their flux and spectrum
depend on time and location. Precise knowledge of this background is necessary to devise
sufficient shielding and veto mechanisms, improving the sensitivity of the neutron-susceptible
underground experiments. In this report, we present the design and the expected performance of a
mobile neutron detector for the LNGS underground laboratory. The detector is based on
capture-gated spectroscopy technique and comprises essentially a stack of plastic scintillator
bars wrapped with gadolinium foils. The extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the detector
will be capable of measuring ambient neutrons at low flux levels
(∼10-6 n/cm2/s) at LNGS, where the ambient gamma flux is by about 5 orders of
magnitude larger.