bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose fluconazole as a useful and safe prophylactic option in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hirade Kentaro , Kusumoto Shigeru , Hashimoto Hiroya , Shiraga Kazuhide , Hagiwara Shinya , Oiwa Kana , Suzuki Tomotaka , Kinoshita Shiori , Ri Masaki , Komatsu Hirokazu , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a potentially fatal complication in patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) if the initiation of therapy is delayed. Some guidelines recommend antifungal prophylaxis or preemptive therapy for these patients depending on the risk of IFIs following allogeneic HSCT. This retrospective study aimed to identify the group of patients who safely undergo allogeneic HSCT with low‐dose fluconazole (FLCZ) prophylaxis (100 mg/day).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 107 patients who underwent their first allogeneic HSCT at Nagoya City University Hospital from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. We analyzed the efficacy of low‐dose FLCZ prophylaxis and investigated the relationship between major risk factors and antifungal prophylaxis failure (APF) within 100 days post‐transplant.ResultsOf the 107 patients, 70 received low‐dose FLCZ prophylaxis, showing a cumulative incidence of APF of 37.1% and a proven/probable IFI rate of 4.3%. There were no fungal infection‐related deaths, including Aspergillus infections, in the FLCZ prophylaxis group. In a multivariable analysis, cord blood transplantation (CBT) (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR), 3.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44–8.77; p = 0.006) and abnormal findings on lung CT before transplantation (SHR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.02–4.92; p = 0.044) were independent risk factors for APF in the FLCZ prophylaxis group.ConclusionLow‐dose FLCZ prophylaxis is a useful and safe option for patients receiving allogeneic HSCT, except in those undergoing CBT or having any fungal risk features including history of fungal infections, positive fungal markers, and abnormal findings on lung CT before transplantation.
Actionable mutational profiling in solid tumors using hybrid‐capture‐based next‐generation sequencing in a real‐world setting in Spain
Authors: Zazo Sandra , Pérez‐Buira Sandra , Carvajal Nerea , Plaza‐Sánchez Jenifer , Manso Rebeca , Pérez‐González Nuria , Dominguez Carolina , Prieto‐Potin Iván , Rubio Jaime , Dómine Manuel , Lozano Virginia , Mohedano Patricia , Carcedo David , Carias Rafael , Rojo Federico 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the performance of a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel for the detection of precise genomic alterations in cancer in Spanish clinical practice. The impact of tumor characteristics was evaluated on informative NGS and actionable mutation rates.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (May 2021–March 2022) where molecular diagnostic of 537 Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of diverse solid tumors (lung, colorectal, melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal, among others) was performed using AVENIO Tumor Tissue Targeted Kit. A descriptive analysis of the features of all samples was carried out. Multivariable logistic analysis was conducted to assess the impact of sample characteristics on NGS performance defined by informative results rate (for all tumors and for lung tumors), and on actionable mutations rate (for lung tumors only).ResultsAVENIO performance rate was 75.2% in all tumor samples and 75.3% in lung cancer samples, and the multivariable analysis showed that surgical specimens are most likely to provide informative results than diagnostic biopsies. Regarding the mutational findings, 727 pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or variant of unknown significance mutations were found in all tumor samples. Single nucleotide variant was the most common genomic alteration, both for all tumor samples (85.3% and 81.9% for all solid tumors and lung samples, respectively). In lung tumors, multivariable analysis showed that it is more likely to find actionable mutations from non‐smokers and patients with adenocarcinoma, large cell, or undifferentiated histologies.ConclusionThis is the largest cohort‐level study in Spain to profile the analyses of biopsy samples of different tumors using NGS in routine clinical practice. Our findings showed that the use of NGS routinely provides good rates of informative results and can improve tumor characterization and identify a greater number of actionable mutations.
Effective extracellular vesicles in glioma: Focusing on effective ncRNA exosomes and immunotherapy methods for treatment
Authors: Al‐Hawary Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash , Alhajlah Sharif , Olegovich Bokov Dmitry , Hjazi Ahmed , Rajput Pranchal , Ali Saad Hayif Jasim , Abosoda Munther , Ihsan Ali , Oudah Shamam Kareem , Mustafa Yasser Fakri 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis comprehensive article explores the complex field of glioma treatment, with a focus on the important roles of non‐coding RNAsRNAs (ncRNAs) and exosomes, as well as the potential synergies of immunotherapy. The investigation begins by examining the various functions of ncRNAs and their involvement in glioma pathogenesis, progression, and as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Special attention is given to exosomes as carriers of ncRNAs and their intricate dynamics within the tumor microenvironment. The exploration extends to immunotherapy methods, analyzing their mechanisms and clinical implications in the treatment of glioma. By synthesizing these components, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how ncRNAs, exosomes, and immunotherapy interact, offering valuable insights into the evolving landscape of glioma research and therapeutic strategies.
Risk factors and surgical approaches in neglected subaxial cervical spine fractures‐dislocations: Experiences with two cases and literature review
Authors: Pour‐Rashidi Ahmad , Pahwa Bhavya , Khanmirzaie Mohammad Hossein , Fallahpour Mahshid , Hanif Hamed , Shirani Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case report describes our experience of surgical strategies of two patients with neglected subaxial cervical spine fracture‐dislocation that came to our center with subsequent follow‐ups. Subaxial cervical spine fracture‐dislocation must be immediately diagnosed and treated. However, it can be neglected in some cases, especially in developing health care systems and patients with low socioeconomic status. We reported two neglected subaxial cervical fracture‐dislocation with a mean age of 54 years old who presented with axial cervical pain, and decreased muscle forces. In one out of two, cervical closed traction was applied, then unsuccessful result led to circumferential decompression and fixation via anterior–posterior (AP) approach. Accordingly, we used AP approach without applying closed reduction in another patient successfully. Except one of our cases who died after 2 weeks of surgery due to aspiration pneumonia, other one found complete improvement at the end of 6‐month follow‐up. Our study emphasizes the importance of AP approach in patients with irreducible joint dislocations. The approach can minimize the surgical risks and increase the cost–benefit as compared to three or more staged approaches. Our approach is less intensive than some other AP approaches while is a safe and efficacious procedure since the posterior reduction is not performed before discectomy and decompression.
Overview of Transition Metal Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions Based on Trapping of Allylic Electrophiles
Authors: Gupta Kriti , Harariya Mahesh Singh , Tyagi Arushi , Jindal Garima 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMulticomponent reactions provide an excellent approach toward quaternary carbon centres utilizing convergent chemical reactions in a highly selective manner under one‐pot conditions. The reactivity of substrates and metal catalysts is carefully controlled, precluding the formation of side‐products. In this context, transition metal catalyzed reactions of onium ylides generated via diazo precursors and nucleophiles with a third component (an electrophile) have garnered significant attention. Using an allylic precursor as the electrophilic partner provides opportunities to construct all‐carbon quaternary centres. Furthermore, the presence of an allyl fragment in the multicomponent product serves as a pivotal handle for carrying out subsequent modifications. Several recent studies have employed Rh, Pd, and dual Rh/Pd catalytic systems in multicomponent reactions involving allylic alkylation that proceed via a synergistic or relay pathway. Although not significantly successful, in a few cases, asymmetric induction is achieved through chiral phosphoric acids or chiral phosphine ligands. Limited substrate and catalyst scope and the underlying mechanistic complexities have posed formidable challenges, slowing the advancement of asymmetric reactions. This review provides details of multicomponent reactions using readily available substrates like diazo compounds, allylic carbonates, and nucleophiles (R‐OH, R‐NH2,,etc.) forming complex organic compounds. Our primary objective is to discuss the mechanistic issues that may facilitate the progress in asymmetric reactions in this field.
MXenes as Electrocatalysts for the CO2 Reduction Reaction: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
Authors: Meng Ling , Tayyebi Ebrahim , Exner Kai S. , Viñes Francesc , Illas Francesc 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) is gaining momentum as an effective process to capture and convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels, as well as to contribute reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Two‐dimensional transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) are increasingly attracting attention as CO2RR electrocatalysts due to their enhanced chemical activity and selectivity, overcoming limitations of traditional metal CO2RR electrocatalysts, and likely breaking the scaling relations of reaction intermediates toward the desired product. The present concept reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in the computational description of CO2RR on MXenes, going from CO2 activation on pristine models to different surface terminations, and discuss possible ways to tune the catalytic activity and selectivity, including doping, defects, supported single metal atoms, solvent effects, and electric field effects, while putting in the spotlight prospects by including kinetic aspects.
Selectively Transport and Removal of Fluoride Ion by Pillar[5]Arene Polymer‐Filled Nanochannel Membrane
Authors: Chen Chunxiu , Xu Weiwei , Li Guang , Qu Haonan , Ma Cuiguang , Zhang Haifan , Bahojb Noruzi Ehsan , Cai Meng , Wang Miao , Hou Xu , Li Haibing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExcess fluoride ions in groundwater accumulate through the roots of crops, affecting photosynthesis and inhibiting their growth. Long‐term bioaccumulation also threatens human health because it is poorly degradable and toxic. Currently, one of the biggest challenges is developing a unique material that can efficiently remove fluoride ions from the environment. The excellent properties of functionalized pillar[5]arene polymer‐filled nanochannel membranes were explored to address this challenge. Constructing a multistage porous nanochannel membrane, consisting of microscale etched nanochannels and nanoscale pillar[5]arene cross‐linked polymer voids. A fluoride removal rate of 0.0088 mmol ⋅ L−1 ⋅ min−1 was achieved. Notably, this rate surpassed the rates observed with other control ions by a factor of 6 to 8.8. Our research provides a new direction for developing water fluoride ion removal materials.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Thiophene‐Bridged Macrocyclic pseudo‐meta [2.2]Paracyclophanes
Authors: Kress Charlotte , Sidler Eric , Downey Payton , Zwick Patrick , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter , Bernhard Stefan , Mayor Marcel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChiral organic molecules possessing high quantum yields, circular dichroism, and circularly polarized luminescence values have great potential as optically active materials for future applications. Recently, the identification of a promising class of inherently chiral compounds was reported, namely macrocyclic 1,3‐butadiyne‐linked pseudo‐meta[2.2]paracyclophanes, displaying high circular dichroism and related gabs values albeit modest quantum yields. Increasing the quantum yields in an attempt to get bright circularly polarized light emitters, the high‐yielding heterocyclization of those 1,3‐butadiyne bridges resulting in macrocyclic 2,5‐thienyls‐linked pseudo‐meta [2.2]paracyclophanes is herein described. The chiroptical properties of both, the previously reported 1,3‐butadiyne, and the novel 2,5‐thienyl bridged macrocycles of various sizes, are experimentally recorded, and theoretically described using density‐functional theory.
[2,2]Paracyclophane Bridged, Thiophene Based Macrocycles: Synthesis and Electronic Properties in Different Redox States
Authors: Ren Longbin , Han Yi , Hou Xudong , Ni Yong , Wu Jishan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study of through‐space electronic coupling in π‐conjugated systems remains an underexplored area. In this work, we present the facile synthesis of two isomeric macrocycles (1 and 2) bridged by [2,2]paracyclophane (pCp) and based on thiophene. The structures of these macrocycles have been confirmed through X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Our investigation centers on their electronic properties across various redox states, with a specific focus on potential through‐space electronic coupling and global aromaticity. Experimental measurements, including UV‐vis‐NIR electronic absorption, NMR, ESR spectra, and X‐ray diffraction, combined with theoretical calculations, reveal that both the neutral compounds and their tetracations exhibit a closed‐shell ground state. However, their dications manifest as diradical dications with a subtle magnetic exchange interaction. Consequently, the through‐space electronic coupling facilitated by the pCp unit in their respective ground states appears to be weak.
Long‐term efficacy of fuel reduction and restoration treatments inNorthernRockies dry forests
Authors: Hood Sharon M. , Crotteau Justin S. , Cleveland Cory C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFuel and restoration treatments seeking to mitigate the likelihood of uncharacteristic high‐severity wildfires in forests with historically frequent, low‐severity fire regimes are increasingly common, but long‐term treatment effects on fuels, aboveground carbon, plant community structure, ecosystem resilience, and other ecosystem attributes are understudied. We present 20‐year responses to thinning and prescribed burning treatments commonly used in dry, low‐elevation forests of the western United States from a long‐term study site in the Northern Rockies that is part of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study. We provide a comprehensive synthesis of short‐term (<4 years) and mid‐term (<14 years) results from previous findings. We then place these results in the context of a mountain pine beetle (MPB;Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak that impacted the site 5–10 years post‐treatment and describe 20‐year responses to assess the longevity of restoration and fuel reduction treatments in light of the MPB outbreak. Thinning treatments had persistently lower forest density and higher tree growth, but effects were more pronounced when thinning was combined with prescribed fire. The thinning+prescribed fire treatment had the additional benefit of maintaining the highest proportion of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) for overstory and regeneration. No differences in understory native plant cover and richness or exotic species cover remained after 20 years, but exotic species richness, while low relative to native species, was still higher in the thinning+prescribed fire treatment than the control. Aboveground live carbon stocks in thinning treatments recovered to near control and prescribed fire treatment levels by 20 years. The prescribed fire treatment and control had higher fuel loads than thinning treatments due to interactions with the MPB outbreak. The MPB‐induced changes to forest structure and fuels increased the fire hazard 20 years post‐treatment in the control and prescribed fire treatment. Should a wildfire occur now, the thinning+prescribed fire treatment would likely have the lowest intensity fire and highest tree survival and stable carbon stocks. Our findings show broad support that thinning and prescribed fire increase ponderosa pine forest resilience to both wildfire and bark beetles for up to 20 years, but efficacy is waning and additional fuel treatments are needed to maintain resilience.
Functional responses in American marten habitat selection indicate cumulative effects of progressive habitat change
Authors: Woollard Tyler F. , Harrison Daniel J. , Simons‐Legaard Erin M. , Fagan Kirstin E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractShifts in habitat selection may serve as behavioral indicators of changing habitat quality and can provide an insight into the effects of chronic disturbance on wildlife populations before rates of occurrence and other metrics related to population viability are affected. Long‐term studies can provide unique opportunities to understand animals' behavioral responses to the cumulative effects of habitat disturbance that may be missed by short‐term studies or space‐for‐time substitution. Using the American marten (Martes americana) as a focal species, we evaluated the effects of progressive habitat disturbance on an animal population by identifying changes in habitat availability and selection over time. Marten are strongly associated with mature forest conditions and are thus sensitive to forest harvesting, which is a chronic and prevalent form of disturbance across the species' range. We developed resource selection functions that characterized both temporally consistent patterns and functional responses in the relative selection of habitats by marten at the patch scale. We used a combination of marten location data collected during three periods over 30 years of extensive forest change in northern Maine and a habitat classification scheme informed by species' behavior and designed to capture habitat changes over time. Marten increased their selection of tall (>12 m mean tree height) mature forest, including uncut forest and regenerated clearcuts, in response to decreased availability. Marten also increased avoidance of early‐successional forest (<9 m mean tree height) in response to increased availability. These functional responses in habitat selection appear to enable marten to maintain access to required resources in mature forest and limit exposure to risky or resource‐poor habitat within home ranges. However, a declining trend in the occurrence of resident adult females may indicate a limit to the functional response strategies for individuals unable to incur the energetic or prey‐related costs that may be associated with strong functional responses. Our results suggest that, despite adaptive habitat selection strategies, there are minimum thresholds of mature forest availability below which resident adults, particularly females, will struggle to persist. We recommend forest management strategies targeted at minimizing the strength of functional responses displayed by marten within occupied landscapes.
Integrating ecosystem and contaminant models to predict the effects of ecosystem fluxes on contaminant dynamics
Authors: McLeod Anne M. , Leroux Shawn J. , Rizzuto Matteo , Leibold Mathew A. , Schiesari Luis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnvironmental contamination is one of the major drivers of ecosystem change in the Anthropocene. Toxic chemicals are not constrained to their source of origin as they cross ecosystem boundaries via biotic (e.g., animal migration) and abiotic (e.g., water flow) vectors. Meta‐ecology has led to important insights on how spatial flows or subsidies of matter across ecosystem boundaries can have broad impacts on local and regional ecosystem dynamics but has not yet addressed the dynamics of pollutants in recipient ecosystems. Incorporating meta‐ecosystem processes (i.e., flux of materials across ecosystem boundaries) into contaminant dynamics can elucidate how contaminants may reverberate among local food chains. Here, we derive a modeling framework to predict how spatial ecosystem fluxes can influence contaminant dynamics and how this influence is dependent on the type of ecosystem flux (e.g., herbivore movement vs. abiotic chemical flows). We mix an analytical and numerical approach to analyze our integrative model which couples two subcomponents that have previously been studied independently of each other—an ecosystem model and a contaminant model. We observe an array of dynamics for how chemical concentrations change with increasing nutrient input and loss rate across trophic levels. When we tailor our range of chemical parameter values (e.g., environmental uptake of contaminant and assimilation efficiency of the contaminant) to specific organic chemicals, our results demonstrate that increasing nutrient input rates can lead to trophic dilution in pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls across trophic levels. However, increasing nutrient loss rate causes an increase in the concentrations of chemicals across all trophic levels. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that nutrient recycling is an important ecosystem process impacting contaminant concentrations, generating predictions to be addressed by future empirical studies. Importantly, our model demonstrates the utility of our framework for identifying drivers of contaminant dynamics in connected ecosystems including the importance that (1) ecosystem processes and (2) movement, especially movement of lower trophic levels, have on contaminant concentrations.
“Dual‐pressure theory” in pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy from the Beijing intracranial and intraocular pressure study
Authors: Cheng Ying , Yusufu Mayinuer , Weinreb Robert N. , Wang Ningli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mechanical theory of glaucoma indicates that high intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, nearly half of primary open‐angle glaucoma patients with normal intraocular pressure also exhibit progression of what appears to be glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Our earlier prospective study identified for the first time that the relatively low intracranial pressure (ICP) is also an important risk factor for progressive glaucomatous injury of normal‐tension glaucoma. When considering the results of studies in nonhuman primates, clinical research, large‐scale natural‐population studies, and basic laboratory investigations, a new understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma, the “Dual‐Pressure Theory”, has been proposed. This theory states that “either high IOP or low ICP contributes to increasing the translaminar cribrosa pressure difference; it is the pressure difference rather than the IOP alone that results in the glaucomatous optic neuropathy”. Here, we provide a systematic introduction to Dual‐Pressure Theory relating to glaucoma, the form of a research map, an outline of basic laboratory investigations, the main methodology, and research updates.