bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of probe density coverage on the detection of oenological tannins in quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D) experiments
Authors: Gagliardi Mariacristina , Tori Giorgia , Sanmartin Chiara , Cecchini Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenols are a group of compounds found in grapes, musts, and wines. Their levels are crucial for grape ripening, proper must fermentation, and final wine characteristics. Standard chemical analysis is commonly used to detect these compounds, but it is costly, time consuming, and requires specialized laboratories and operators. To address this, this study explores a functionalized acoustic sensor for detecting oenological polyphenols.RESULTSThe method involves utilizing a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D) to detect the target analyte by using a gelatin‐based probe layer. The sensor is functionalized by optimizing the probe coverage density to maximize its performance. This is achieved by using 12‐mercaptododecanoic acid (12‐MCA) to immobilize the probe onto the gold sensor surface, and dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reducing and competitive binding agent. The concentration of 12‐MCA and DTT in the solutions is varied to control the probe density. QCM‐D measurements demonstrate that the probe density can be effectively adjusted using this approach, ranging from 0.2 × 1013 to 2 × 1013 molecules cm−2. This study also investigates the interaction between the probe and tannins, confirming the ability of the sensor to detect them. Interestingly, the lower probe coverage achieves higher detection signals when normalized to probe immobilization signals. Moreover, significant changes in mechanical properties of the functionalization layer are observed after the interaction with samples.CONCLUSIONThe combination of QCM‐D with gelatin functionalization holds great promise for future applications in the wine industry. It offers real‐time monitoring capabilities, requires minimal sample preparation, and provides high sensitivity for quality control purposes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Untargeted metabolomics analysis of probiotic jujube juice and its anti‐obesity effects on high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Pu Meixue , Wang Qi , Hui Yuanyuan , Zhao Aiqing , Wei Lusha , Chen Li , Wang Bini 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary intervention, including polyphenol consumption, is recognized as an effective strategy to prevent obesity. Although fermented jujube juice (FJJ) with lactic acid bacteria has been shown to be rich in polyphenols and have strong antioxidant properties, little is known about its anti‐obesity properties.RESULTSUntargeted metabolomics was employed to identify and analyze the differential metabolites between FJJ and raw jujube juice. A total of 431 metabolites belonging to diverse classes and with various functional active ingredients were quantitatively identified. The animal experiments results showed that FJJ administration for 13 weeks significantly inhibited high‐fat‐diet‐induced body and epididymal adipose weight gain, and improved the serum lipid parameters in obese mice. Additionally, DNA‐sequencing results revealed that FJJ treatment increased Akkermansia abundance in the gut and changed the composition of fecal microbiota by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and Helicobacter pylori abundance.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that FJJ contributes to regulating lipid accumulation and gut microbiota composition in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice, which helps to prevent obesity. Hence, FJJ has the potential to be a beneficial beverage for controlling obesity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The application of three‐dimensional custom‐made prostheses in chest wall reconstruction after oncologic sternal resection
Authors: Liu Chengxin , Sun Haipeng , Lin Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAs one of the cutting‐edge advances in the field of reconstruction, three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology has been constantly being attempted to assist in the reconstruction of complicated large chest wall defects. However, there is little literature assessing the treatment outcomes of 3D printed prostheses for chest wall reconstruction. This study aimed to analyze the surgical outcomes of 3D custom‐made prostheses for the reconstruction of oncologic sternal defects and to share our experience in the surgical management of these rare and complex cases.MethodsWe summarized the clinical features of the sternal tumor in our center, described the surgical techniques of the application of 3D customized prosthesis for chest wall reconstruction, and analyzed the perioperative characteristics, complications, overall survival (OS), and recurrence‐free survival of patients.ResultsThirty‐two patients with the sternal tumor who underwent chest wall resection were identified, among which 13 patients used 3D custom‐made titanium implants and 13 patients used titanium mesh for sternal reconstruction. 22 cases were malignant, and chondrosarcoma is the most common type. The mean age was 46.9 years, and 53% (17/32) of the patients were male. The average size of tumor was 6.4 cm, and the mean defect area was 76.4 cm2. 97% (31/32) patients received R0 resection. Complications were observed in 29% (9/32) of patients, of which wound infection (22%, 7/32) was the most common. The OS of the patients was 72% at 5 years.ConclusionWe demonstrated that with careful preoperative assessment, 3D customized prostheses could be a viable alternative for complex sternal reconstruction.
Dark tourism through the lens of attachment theory and domestic tourists
Authors: Aggarwal Arun , Lim Weng Marc , Dandotiya Ravi , Kukreja Vinay 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores the factors that affect domestic tourist attachment to dark tourism destinations by developing a hybrid model using several methods, including structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), predicated on attachment theory. The study collected data from 60 tourism experts and 622 domestic tourists. The study found that tourist motivation, national identity, tourism impacts, and destination attachment are all crucial factors that explain domestic tourist behavior towards dark tourism. The results of the mediation analysis indicate that destination attachment mediates the relationship between tourist motivation, national identity, and negative tourism impact with tourist satisfaction. The FAHP results show that place identity has the highest influence while place dependence has the lowest influence in shaping domestic tourists' selection of dark tourist destinations. The study's findings provide valuable insights for tour operators and destination managers to meet domestic tourists' expectations of dark tourism, adding to the existing knowledge related to the factors that impact dark tourism.
Alias Transformation of Structured Beam and Holography in Real and Fourier Space Based on Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhu Shuangqi , Li Peijin , Li Yao , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStructured beams are analytical solutions to wave equations that possess specific spatial profiles and rigorous transmission properties. Holography enables wavefront reconstruction by recording objective wavefront information. In this study, comprehensive wavefront control by transforming a structured beam in real space is proposed and experimentally verified, and optical holography is reconstructed in Fourier space. To obtain an arbitrary profile of the structured beam, alias transformation is performed to rebuild the coordinate system to form arbitrary user‐defined shapes. Subsequently, the complex amplitude control of the metasurface to encode the alias‐transformed structured beam accordingly is applied. This allows the conventional standard Hermite–Gaussian and Laguerre–Gaussian modes to be transformed into their corresponding shapes while maintaining their distinct features. Holography is realized based on pure phase modulation by interleaving the information with a structured beam, which fully utilizes the space‐bandwidth product of the metasurface. These distinctive optical phenomena in both spaces expand the definition of conventional structured beams and enable further developments in laser fabrication, optical manipulation, and optical displays.
How should newer therapeutic agents be incorporated into the treatment of patients with myasthenia gravis?
Authors: Gwathmey Kelly G. , Ding Huanghe , Hehir Michael , Silvestri Nicholas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGeneralized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a postsynaptic neuromuscular junction disorder that results in fatigable muscle weakness. The traditional treatment approach includes the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids, and steroid‐sparing immunosuppressant therapies (ISTs) for chronic management, whereas exacerbations and crises are managed with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PLEX). Over the past 6 years, four new therapeutic agents with novel immunological mechanisms of action—complement and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) inhibition—were approved as a result of clinically significant improvement in gMG symptoms of those treated with these newer agents in Phase 3 clinical trials. At present, it is unclear when and in whom to initiate these therapeutic agents and how to integrate them into the current treatment paradigm. When selecting a newer therapeutic agent, we use a simple equation: Value = Clinical Improvement/(Cost + Side Effects + Treatment Burden), which guides our decision‐making. We consider using these novel therapeutic agents in two specific clinical situations. Firstly, the newer agents are fast‐acting, suggesting they can be used in clinically unstable patients as “bridge therapy,” and secondly, they provide additional options for those patients considered treatment‐refractory. There are downsides, however, including treatment cost, unique side effect profiles, and intravenous and subcutaneous drug administration (though for some, this may be an advantage). As additional drugs enter the marketplace with unique mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and dosing schedules, the placement of the novel therapeutic agents in the gMG treatment algorithm will likely evolve.
Reliability of the original and brief versions of the Eating Disorder Examination in binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Ivezaj Valentina , Wiedemann Ashley A. , Kerrigan Stephanie , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivePsychometric studies evaluating the reliability of eating‐disorder assessment among individuals with binge‐eating disorder (BED) have been limited. The current study documents the interrater reliability and internal consistency of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview when administered to adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM‐5)‐defined BED.MethodsParticipants (N = 56) were adults seeking treatment for BED in the context of clinical trials testing pharmacological and psychological treatments. Doctoral‐level, trained, and supervised clinical researchers evaluated eating‐disorder psychopathology using the EDE interview and audio‐recorded the interview. A second doctoral‐level, trained, and supervised clinical researcher, who did not conduct the initial assessment, coded eating‐disorder psychopathology using the audio recording.ResultsAgreement among raters on the number of binge‐eating episodes was near perfect. There was excellent interrater reliability for nearly all scales of the EDE interview. Agreement among raters for behavioral indicators of loss of control and marked distress regarding binge eating ranged from moderate to perfect. Internal consistency was variable for all scales, ranging from unacceptable to good.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the EDE can be administered reliably by multiple interviewers to assess adults with BED. However, internal consistency was mostly subpar. Tests of reliability and other psychometric properties (e.g., validity) in other patient groups such as children with BED are warranted.
Intratympanic Gels for Inner Ear Disorders: A Scoping Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Brotto Davide , Greggio Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveIntratympanic injections are a safe, well tolerated procedure routinely performed by ENT's specialists. Intratympanic injections of gels have the potential to deliver therapeutics into the cochlea through the round window membrane prolonging the release of drugs in the inner ear compartment. Aim of the present review is to summarize clinical trials testing pharmacological treatments for inner ear pathologies through intratympanic gel formulations.Data SourcesOnline databases (Google scholar and PubMed) and registers (Clinicaltrials.gov and Euclinicaltrial) were used to identify clinical trials performed between 1990 and 2022.Review MethodsPRISMA criteria have been followed. Clinical trials testing gel formulations administered through local intratympanic injections and targeting inner ear disorders were included. All the reports were identified by the authors working in pairs sequentially selecting only studies respecting the inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 45 clinical studies have been noticed; the gels for intratympanic injection are in the form of poloxamers or hyaluronic acid combinations; the trials found target different kind of inner ear disorders: acquired‐stable SNHL, tinnitus, acute sudden SNHL, Meniere disease, cisplatin induced ototoxicity and hearing preservation in patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery.ConclusionFew studies listed do not provide the specific kind of gel formulation used but only report the intratympanic delivery vehicle as “gel” or “thermogel”. Multiple clinical studies have been targeting several forms of inner ear disorders by injecting different compounds through poloxamer and hyaluronic acid formulations. Larger and more advanced clinical stages are necessary to confirm the efficacy of these chemical compounds.
The glutathione biosynthesis is involved in metamorphosis, antioxidant function, and insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Kim KumChol , Gao Han , Li Chengjun , Li Bin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDReduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis is vital for redox homeostasis, cell‐cycle regulation and apoptosis, and immune function. The glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) is the first and rate‐limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, suggesting the potential use of Gclc as a pesticide target. However, the functional characterization of Gclc, especially its contribution in metamorphosis, antioxidant status and insecticide resistance, is unclear in Tribolium castaneum.RESULTSIn this study, we identified and cloned Gclc from T. castaneum (TcGclc) and found that its expression began to increase significantly from the late larvae (LL) stage (3.491 ± 0.490‐fold). Furthermore, RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of TcGclc resulted in three types of aberration (100% total aberration rate) caused by the downregulation of genes related to the 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) pathway. This deficiency was partially rescued by exogenous 20E treatment (53.1% ± 3.2%), but not by antioxidant. Moreover, in the TcGclc knockdown group, GSH content was decreased to 62.3%, and total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities were reduced by 14.6%, 83.6%, and 82.3%, respectively. In addition, treatment with different insecticides upregulated expression of TcGclc significantly compared with a control group during the late larval stage (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that TcGclc has an extensive role in metamorphosis, antioxidant function and insecticide resistance in T. castaneum, thereby expanding our understanding of GSH functions and providing a scientific basis for pest control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring the Contribution of Intelligent Nanomaterials in Gas Sensing
Authors: Onyinye Okechukwu Viola , Olayiwola Idris Azeez , Umukoro Eseoghene H. , Azizi Shohreh , Maaza Malik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGas sensors are crucial in various industries like chemicals, food processing, pharmaceuticals, health monitoring through breath analysis, as well as in household and environmental monitoring to ensure human safety. Chemo‐resistive gas sensors based on metal oxides convert gas information into electrical signals by interacting with adsorption and desorption processes. For metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, sensitivity and selectivity enhancements are achieved through doping, functionalization, composite formations, heterojunction creation, and morphological adjustments. The formation of heterojunctions notably boosts the efficacy of the sensing material, leveraging synergistic effects to reinforce adsorption rates, catalytic activity acceleration, and the depletion interface for electrons and holes. Over the past few decades, nanomaterials have played a critical role in gas sensing applications. They have enabled the detection of a wide array of harmful and polluting gases, as well as volatile organic compounds serving as disease biomarkers. Additionally, incorporating heterostructure nanomaterials into heterojunctions significantly impacts sensing performance and detection speed. This review discussed various types of gas sensing devices, categorizing them based on the sensing elements employed, each possessing its own set of unique advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, the review underscored the importance of several key parameters and factors that influence the performance of gas sensors. Additionally, recent advancements in the utilization of nanomaterial composites for gas sensor applications, particularly in the detection of gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, and sulphur dioxide vapours, were discussed. Furthermore, the review highlights recent research endeavours and fundamental parameters, including sensitivity, detection limits, selectivity, response times, and recovery times.
Unleashing the Power of Sn2S3 Quantum Dots: Advancing Ultrafast and Ultrastable Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries with N, S Co‐Doped Carbon Fiber Network
Authors: Wu Hui , Li Shuang , Yu Xuebin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTin sulfide (Sn2S3) has been recognized as a potential anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to its high theoretical capacities. However, the sluggish ion diffusion kinetics, low conductivity, and severe volume changes during cycling have limited its practical application. In this study, Sn2S3 quantum dots (QDs) (≈1.6 nm) homogeneously embedded in an N, S co‐doped carbon fiber network (Sn2S3‐CFN) are successfully fabricated by sequential freeze‐drying, carbonization, and sulfidation strategies. As anode materials, the Sn2S3‐CFN delivers high reversible capacities and excellent rate capability (300.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and 250.0 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 for SIBs; 165.3 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 and 100.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 for PIBs) and superior long‐life cycling capability (279.6 mAh g−1 after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1 for SIBs; 166.3 mAh g−1 after 5 000 cycles at 2 A g−1 for PIBs). According to experimental analysis and theoretical calculations, the exceptional performance of the Sn2S3‐CFN composite can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the conductive carbon fiber network and the Sn2S3 quantum dots, which contribute to the structural stability, reversible electrochemical reactions, and superior electron transportation and ions diffusion.
Ligand‐Induced In Situ Epitaxial Growth of PbI2 Nanosheets/MAPbI3 Heterojunction Realizes High‐Performance HTM‐Free Carbon‐Based MAPbI3 Solar Cells
Authors: Sang Kaihang , Wu Dongqi , Zhao Suxin , Zhou Huanyi , Zhang Junfang , Tong Zhensang , Ding Feifei , Pang Qi , Zhang Xinguo , Zhou Liya , Chen Peican 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHole‐transporting layer‐free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (HTL‐free C‐PSCs) hold great promise for photovoltaic applications due to their low cost and outstanding stability. However, the low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of HTL‐free C‐PSCs mainly results from grain boundaries (GBs). Here, epitaxial growth is proposed to rationally design a hybrid nanostructure of PbI2 nanosheets/perovskite with the desired photovoltaic properties. A post‐treatment technique using tri(2,2,2‐trifluoromethyl) phosphate (TFEP) to induce in situ epitaxial growth of PbI2 nanosheets at the GBs of perovskite films realizes high‐performance HTL‐free C‐PSCs. The structure model and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope unravel the epitaxial growth mechanism. The epitaxial growth of oriented PbI2 nanosheets generates the PbI2/perovskite heterojunction, which not only passivates defects but forms type‐I band alignment, avoiding carrier loss. Additionally, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, 31P NMR, and 1H NMR spectra reveal the passivation effect and hydrogen bonding interaction between TFEP and perovskite. As a result, the VOC is remarkably boosted from 1.04 to 1.10 V, leading to a substantial gain in PCE from 14.97% to 17.78%. In addition, the unencapsulated PSC maintains the initial PCE of 80.1% for 1440 h under air ambient of 40% RH. The work offers a fresh perspective on the rational design of high‐performance HTL‐free C‐PSCs.
Federated learning with hybrid differential privacy for secure and reliable cross‐IoT platform knowledge sharing
Authors: Ibrahim Khalaf Oshamah , S.R Ashokkumar , Algburi Sameer , S Anupallavi , Selvaraj Dhanasekaran , Sharif Mhd Saeed , Elmedany Wael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe federated learning has gained prominent attention as a collaborative machine learning method, allowing multiple users to jointly train a shared model without directly exchanging raw data. This research addresses the fundamental challenge of balancing data privacy and utility in distributed learning by introducing an innovative hybrid methodology fusing differential privacy with federated learning (HDP‐FL). Through meticulous experimentation on EMNIST and CIFAR‐10 data sets, this hybrid approach yields substantial advancements, showcasing a noteworthy 4.22% and up to 9.39% enhancement in model accuracy for EMNIST and CIFAR‐10, respectively, compared to conventional federated learning methods. Our adjustments to parameters highlighted how noise impacts privacy, showcasing the effectiveness of our hybrid DP approach in striking a balance between privacy and accuracy. Assessments across diverse FL techniques and client counts emphasized this trade‐off, particularly in non‐IID data settings, where our hybrid method effectively countered accuracy declines. Comparative analyses against standard machine learning and state‐of‐the‐art FL approaches consistently showcased the superiority of our proposed model, achieving impressive accuracies of 96.29% for EMNIST and 82.88% for CIFAR‐10. These insights offer a strategic approach to securely collaborate and share knowledge among IoT devices without compromising data privacy, ensuring efficient and reliable learning mechanisms across decentralized networks.