bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mdivi1 ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting JNK/MFF signaling
Authors: Quan Ying , Shou Diwen , Yang Siqi , Cheng Jiemin , Li Yongqiang , Huang Chen , Chen Huiting , Zhou Yongjian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsMitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi1) is a potential inhibitor of dynamin‐related protein (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission. However, the therapeutic effect of Mdivi1 against NASH and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we established mouse models of NASH by inducing high‐fat/high‐cholesterol (HFHC) or methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diets and treated the animals with 5 mg/kg/day Mdivi1 or placebo.ResultsTreatment with Mdivi1 significantly alleviated diet‐induced fatty liver phenotypes, including increased liver weight/body weight ratio, insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation, steatohepatitis, and liver injury. Furthermore, Mdivi1 treatment suppressed HFHC or MCD diet‐induced changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Mdivi1 reduced macrophage infiltration in the injured liver and promoted polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. At the molecular level, Mdivi1 attenuated mitochondrial fission by reducing Drp1 activation and expression, thereby decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation and mitochondrial DNA damage. Moreover, Mdivi1‐treated mice exhibited elevated levels of phosphorylated‐c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (p‐JNK), mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), cleaved caspase 3 protein, and TUNEL‐positive cell expression in the liver, suggesting that Mdivi1 might ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and reduce hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the JNK/MFF pathway.ConclusionCollectively, Mdivi1 protected against diet‐induced NASH by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and function, potentially through its inhibitory effect on the JNK/MFF pathway. Consequently, further investigation of Mdivi1 as a promising drug for NASH treatment is warranted.
Deshaciendo la raciolingüística1
Authors: Flores Nelson , Rosa Jonathan 
Published: October 2023

ResumenEn este comentario, discutimos las trampas comunes asociadas con el estudio de la raza y el lenguaje, centrándonos específicamente en la reciente aparición de la raciolingüística como marco para estos esfuerzos. Examinamos cómo la raciolingüística puede ser abordada de maneras que aíslan las discusiones sobre la raza del resto de la lingüística ‐como si fuera algo que solo hacen los “raciolingüistas”‐ de modo que el estudio cuidadoso de cuestiones que incluyen el colonialismo, el poder y las jerarquías sociales quede perpetuamente relegado a los márgenes del campo. También consideramos cómo la nominalización de la raciolingüística puede sugerir que la raza y el lenguaje son objetos consensuados de maneras en las que se reproducen esencializaciones problemáticas. Mostramos cómo una perspectiva raciolingüística puede resistir tales tendencias al interrogar continuamente la reproducción colonial y la transformación de proyectos de conocimiento moderno y formas de vida a lo largo de contextos sociales, así como al examinar constantemente la naturaleza fundamental del lenguaje, la raza y el poder. Concluimos con lo que consideramos las implicaciones de una perspectiva raciolingüística para toda la lingüística.
Effect of host genotype on biocontrol of white root rot in Pyrus communis L. rootstocks by Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus spp.
Authors: Golafrouz Hossein , Safaie Naser , Khelghatibana Fatemeh , Goodwin Paul H. , Rezaei Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA collection of Bacillus and Trichoderma isolates from Iran was investigated for the biological control of pear white root rot caused by Rosellinia necatrix. Among the isolates, B. amyloliquefaciens AP4, B. siamensis AP8 and T. harzianum T20a were selected based on their growth inhibition of R. necatrix in dual cultures, as well as by volatiles, diffusible extracts and culture filtrates. Four pear rootstocks (Pyrodwarf, OHF40, OHF60 and Williams) were assessed for white rot in the greenhouse following soil amendment with the three isolates. For OHF40 rootstock, none of the three isolates significantly reduced disease severity, whereas all three isolates significantly reduced disease severity for OHF69 rootstock. For Pyrodwarf rootstock, only T. harzianum T20a and B. amyloliquefaciens AP4 significantly reduced root rot, but all three isolates significantly reduced leaf fall. For Williams rootstock, all three isolates significantly reduced root rot, but only T. harzianum T20a significantly reduced leaf fall. Thus, the effectiveness of both the Bacillus and Trichoderma isolates was highly dependent upon the pear genotype. The lowest levels of white rot symptoms were observed in the Williams‐T. harzianum T20a interaction resulting in root rot severity of 46.6% and leaf fall of 4.7% at 70 dpi. While the effect of plant genotype on biocontrol activity has been reported frequently for Trichoderma, this is one of the first to report such an effect with a Bacillus biocontrol agent. Both Bacillus and Trichoderma can be effective biocontrol agents of pear white rot, but the plant genotype can have a major impact on their effectiveness.
Expressions of a humanistic orientation among service providers supporting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Neuman Ran , Reiter Shunit , Karni‐Vizer Nirit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe study investigated the influence of the humanistic orientation on the perspectives of service providers working with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and the self‐evaluation of service users. The humanistic orientation, which emerged in the 1990s, emphasizes the rights of people with IDD to lead a meaningful life based on their personal needs and desires. However, challenges persist as some service providers prioritize the acquisition of normative life skills over fostering autonomy. The study was based on quantitative methodology and included 61 service providers and 95 of their service users. The study's findings indicate that the humanistic orientation was endorsed by nearly one half of the service providers compared with one third who endorsed a medical orientation. Those endorsing a humanistic orientation also reported that their service users had higher levels of efficacy than those with a medical perception of IDD. Positive correlations were found regarding the assessments made by service providers and their service users on self‐efficacy. Findings suggest that a humanistic orientation encourages optimism among service providers and a positive dyadic interaction between providers and users. It is suggested that the humanistic orientation be applied as a guiding principle underlying the daily support provided to adults with IDD.
Description of four new filamentous cyanobacterial taxa from freshwater habitats in the Azores Archipelago
Authors: Luz Rúben , Cordeiro Rita , Kaštovský Jan , Johansen Jeffrey R. , Dias Elisabete , Fonseca Amélia , Urbatzka Ralph , Vasconcelos Vitor , Gonçalves Vítor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSimple filamentous cyanobacteria comprise a diverse and polyphyletic group of species, primarily in the orders Leptolyngbyales and Oscillatoriales, that need more sampling to improve their taxonomy. Oceanic islands, such as the Azores archipelago, present unique habitats and biogeographic conditions that harbor an unknown range of diversity of microorganisms. Filamentous cyanobacteria isolated from aquatic habitats in the Azores and maintained in the BACA culture collection were described using morphology, both light and transmission electron microscopy, ecology, and genetic data of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and 16S–23S Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rRNA region secondary structure. Our analyses revealed two new monophyletic genera: Tumidithrix elongata gen. sp. nov. (Pseudanabaenaceae) and Radiculonema aquaticum gen. sp. nov. (Leptolyngbyaceae). In addition, two new species Leptodesmis lacustris sp. nov. (Leptolyngbyaceae) and Pycnacronema lacustrum sp. nov. (Wilmottiaceae) are reported as the first aquatic species for these genera. The description of these new taxa and the genetic study of an isolate of Leptodesmis alaskaensis from the Azores followed the polyphasic approach, identifying diacritical features. Our results reinforce the need for taxonomic studies on cyanobacteria from less‐studied habits and geographic regions, which have a potential for new taxa description.
Species‐dependent effects of seawater acidification on alkaline phosphatase activity in dinoflagellates
Authors: Guo Chentao , Li Ling , Lin Senjie , Lin Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncreases of atmospheric CO2 cause ocean acidification (OA) and global warming, the latter of which can stratify the water column and impede nutrient supply from deep water. Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for phytoplankton to grow. While dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) is the preferred form of P, phytoplankton have evolved alkaline phosphatase (AP) to utilize dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) when DIP is deficient. Although the function of AP is known to require pH > 7, how OA affects AP activity and hence the capacity of phytoplankton to utilize DOP is poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of pH conditions (5.5–11) on AP activity from six species of dinoflagellates, an important group of marine phytoplankton. We observed a general pattern that AP activity declined sharply at pH 5.5, peaked between pH 7 and 8, and dropped at pH > 8. However, our data revealed remarkable interspecific variations in optimal pH and niche breadth of pH. Among the species examined, Fugacium kawagutii and Prorocentrum cordatum had an optimal pH at 8, and Alexandrium pacificum, Amphidinium carterae, Effrenium voratum, and Karenia mikimotoi showed an optimal pH of 7. However, whereas A. pacificum and K. mikimotoi had the broadest pH niche for AP (7–10) and F. kawagutii the second (8–10), Am. carterae, E. voratum, and P. cordatum exhibited a narrow pH range. The response of Am. carterae AP to pH changes was verified using purified AP heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. These results in concert suggest OA will likely differentially impact the capacity of different phytoplankton species to utilize DOP in the projected more acidified and nutrient‐limited future ocean.
An integration–competition network for bridge crack segmentation under complex scenes
Authors: Sun Lixiang , Yang Yixin , Zhou Guoxiong , Chen Aibin , Zhang Yukai , Cai Weiwei , Li Liujun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe segmentation accuracy of bridge crack images is influenced by high‐frequency light, complex scenes, and tiny cracks. Therefore, an integration–competition network (complex crack segmentation network [CCSNet]) is proposed to address these problems. First, a grayscale‐oriented adjustment algorithm is proposed to solve the high‐frequency light problem. Second, an integration–competition mechanism is proposed to detach complex backgrounds and grayscale features of cracks. Finally, a tiny attention mechanism is proposed to extract the shallow features of tiny cracks. CCSNet outperforms seven state‐of‐the‐art crack segmentation methods in both generalization and comparison experiments on self‐built dataset and four public datasets. It also achieved excellent performance in practical bridge crack tests. Therefore, CCSNet is an effective auxiliary method for lowering the cost of bridge safety detection.
Out‐of‐classroom L2 vocabulary acquisition: The effects of digital activities and school vocabulary
Authors: Laufer Batia , Vaisman Esther Emma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtramural exposure, through activities such as watching TV, gaming, networking, and online reading, has become an important source of vocabulary acquisition in English as a foreign language, particularly when learners’ first language (L1) has many cognates with English. Our study examined extramural vocabulary acquisition of 10th‐grade L1 speakers of noncognate languages over one school year and explored the effects of digital activities and initial lexical knowledge of the participants on their vocabulary gains. Learners reported the amount of digital activity, took a vocabulary pretest, and kept vocabulary diaries where they recorded, on a weekly basis, the new words they encountered. At the end of the study, each student took a personalized test that included all the words recorded in their personal diary. The results indicate that (a) all learners gained some out‐of‐school word knowledge, (b) students with better initial vocabulary knowledge gained more words, and (c) the initial knowledge contributed to out‐of‐school learning more than the amount of digital activity.
Retrospective analysis of onychomycosis prescribing patterns using the medicare part D prescribers database 2016–2020
Authors: Roster Katie , Wang Yu , Lipner Shari R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOnychomycosis, defined as a fungal nail infection, affects 5.5% of the global population. Our objectives were to analyse prescription trends of onychomycosis medications using the Medicare Part D Prescribers database from 2016 to 2020, stratified by physician specialty. There was a 4% annual increase in the total cost of onychomycosis medications, with a notable decrease of 12.8% in 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Physicians demonstrated a strong consideration for price when selecting treatments, with the least expensive medications (ciclopirox and terbinafine) accounting for nearly 99% of all prescriptions. In contrast, the more costly medications (efinaconazole and tavaborole) were rarely prescribed. In addition, physicians often opted for the less costly generic versions of ciclopirox and itraconazole, prescribing them 99% and 91% of the time, respectively. Notably, physician assistants and nurse practitioners had higher overall increases in prescription rates, at 15%, compared to 1%–6% for other specialties. There are no recent United States onychomycosis guidelines, and our study emphasizes cost considerations when prescribing onychomycosis treatments.
Looking Beyond the Trap: Fiscal Legacy and Central Bank Independence*
Authors: de Beauffort Charles 
Published: October 2023

AbstractI model a stochastic non‐cooperative game between an independent central bank and a treasury and study optimal time‐consistent policy in the context of demand‐driven recessions and an occasionally binding zero lower bound constraint. Departing from coordination leads to contractionary fiscal policy in the liquidity trap. The persistent decline in short‐term government debt improves price stability and welfare albeit at the expense of a deeper recession in the near term. Underlying this policy is the anticipated risk of monetary tightening during the economic recovery in response to fiscally induced inflation. The issuance of long‐term government debt helps to buffer the yield to maturity against interest rate fluctuations, thereby reducing the relevance of central bank independence for macroeconomic outcomes.
Plasma neurofilament light chain in association to late‐life depression in the general population
Authors: Schuurmans Isabel K. , Ghanbari Mohsen , Cecil Charlotte A. M. , Ikram M. Arfan , Luik Annemarie I. 
Published: October 2023

AimInvestigating what is underlying late‐life depression is becoming increasingly important with the rapidly growing elderly population. Yet, the associations between plasma biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage and late‐life depression remain largely unclear. Therefore, we determined cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of neurofilament light chain (NfL) with depression in middle‐aged and elderly individuals, and total tau, β‐amyloid 40 and 42 for comparison.MethodsWe included 3,895 participants (71.78 years [SD = 7.37], 53.4% women) from the population‐based Rotterdam Study. Between 2002 and 2005, NfL, total tau, β‐amyloid 40 and β‐amyloid 42 were determined in blood and depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES‐D). Incident depressive events (clinically relevant depressive symptoms, depressive syndromes, major depressive disorders) were measured prospectively with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, a clinical interview and follow‐up of medical records over a median follow‐up of 7.0 years (interquartile range 1.80). We used linear and Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsEach log2 pg./mL increase in NfL was cross‐sectionally associated with more depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference: 0.32, 95% CI 0.05–0.58), as well as with an increased risk of any incident depressive event over time (hazard ratio: 1.22, 95% CI 1.01–1.47). Further, more amyloid‐β 40 was cross‐sectionally associated with more depressive symptoms (adjusted mean difference: 0.70, 95% CI 0.15–1.25).ConclusionHigher levels of NfL are cross‐sectionally associated with more depressive symptoms and a higher risk of incident depressive events longitudinally. The association was stronger for NfL compared to other plasma biomarkers, suggesting a potential role of neuroaxonal damage in developing late‐life depression.
Mucocutaneous findings among children in the pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary care center: A prospective observational study from South India
Authors: Hande Malavika , Murthy Sambasiviah Chidambara , Gudi Suma D. , Vishwanath Badigannavar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesChildren admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) can present with a variety of skin lesions and the need for dermatology consultation is increasing. Dermatoses in the PICU can be primary or secondary to treatment or underlying systemic illness. Our objective was to study the frequency, pattern, and systemic associations of mucocutaneous findings among children in the PICU.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study in the PICU of our hospital for 1 year from January 2019 to December 2019. Detailed history, examination, and treatment of consecutive children admitted with mucocutaneous findings were recorded and the results were tabulated and analyzed.ResultsAmong 2606 children screened, 11.5% (300/2606) had 314 mucocutaneous manifestations. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1.3:1 and their ages ranged from 1 month to 15 years (mean age, 4.4 years). Dermatoses belonged to infectious, 41% (124/314), inflammatory, 29.6% (93/314), nutritional, 12.4% (39/314), hematological/vascular malformations, 3.5% (11/314), rheumatological/vasculitic, 3.2% (10/314), neurocutaneous, 0.6% (2/314), and miscellaneous, 11.1% (35/314) groups. Within this cohort, 25.7% (77/300) had a purely dermatological disorder, 28.3% (85/300) had an associated systemic process, 0.7% (2/300) had iatrogenic skin findings, and 45.3% (136/300) had incidental skin findings. On follow‐up, 4% (12/300) died, 85% (256/300) improved/recovered, 3% (8/300) were lost to follow‐up, and 8% (24/300) did not need active intervention.ConclusionOur study highlights the frequency of dermatologic disorders among children in the PICU. A notable proportion of patients had primary dermatological disorders or mucocutaneous findings associated with systemic illness.
Beyond bidimensional measures: Introducing a culturally tailored measure of political orientation
Authors: Demel Ronja , Pooresmaeili Arezoo , Gagsch Florian , Spengler Mareike , Schacht Anne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolitical orientation profoundly influences individual and social decisions. Yet adequate and culturally adaptable tools to quantify it are missing. In personality research, it is common to use questionnaires to capture the multifaceted nature of a construct. Thus, surprisingly, most studies assess political orientation using single‐item scales that fail to account for cultural contexts beyond two‐party systems. Using a bottom‐up approach in which the core content of political orientation was defined by a German sample (N = 117), the current preregistered study developed a contemporary German questionnaire of political orientation (CGPOQ). The CGPOQ consists of 20 items that together form three main factors: “Tradition and National Security,” Gender and Sexuality,” and “Global Thinking.” The factor structure that was determined by exploratory factor analysis (N = 1,089) was validated by confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample (N = 303). Good fit was demonstrated by comparing the CGPOQ with several convergent (self‐identification, older conservatism questionnaire, voting intention, social dominance orientation, right‐wing authoritarianism) and divergent (religiosity, empathy) measures. The results indicate that the CGPOQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring political orientation in a German population. Furthermore, it challenges the assumption that political orientation relies on the same two dimensions across cultures.
Current understanding of the Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex causing soybean stem canker: A focus on molecular aspects of the interaction
Authors: Mena Eilyn , Stewart Silvina , Montesano Marcos , Ponce de León Inés 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoybean stem canker (SSC) is an important disease caused by different Diaporthe spp., including D. aspalathi, D. caulivora and D. longicolla, that leads to soybean (Glycine max) yield losses around the world. Most studies have been focused on the morphological characterization and molecular identification of Diaporthe spp. present in SSC lesions. Several soybean resistance loci to Diaporthe spp. causing SSC have been identified, although the molecular identities of the resistance genes are at present unknown. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SSC disease, the molecular characterization of Diaporthe spp. and their evolutionary relationships. We highlight how recent genomic and transcriptomic information is allowing significant progress in our understanding of the molecular components and mechanisms underlying Diaporthe infection strategies as well as soybean disease resistance. The information generated, combined with available resources enabling functional genomics, will contribute to the development of breeding strategies for disease resistance, leading to a more sustainable agriculture.
“Do you Know What's Underneath your Feet?”: Underground Landscapes & Place‐Based Risk Perceptions of Proposed Shale Gas Sites in Rural British Communities☆
Authors: Ryder Stacia S. , Dickie Jennifer A. , Devine‐Wright Patrick 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResource extraction relies on human interaction with the underground, often near rural communities. Yet, little research has explored localized, place‐based relationships to the underground and subsequent concerns tied to proposed energy activities. This paper highlights the importance of place in localized risk perceptions of proposed shale exploration in two rural communities in the United Kingdom. Through qualitative case studies we examine how senses of place and place‐based knowledges are shaped by underground landscapes. Further, we explore how these inform local risk perceptions of shale gas exploration. Our findings demonstrate how senses of place and place‐based knowledges in each community are embedded in local rural culture that stretches back multiple generations, and are at least in part rooted in human connections to, and understanding of, the subsurface. Connections between surface and underground aspects of places create concerns about distinctiveness, which heighten residents' perceptions of more generalized shale gas risks. The research findings broaden our understanding of how places encompass both surface and underground landscapes, with significant implications for risk perceptions in energy contexts. These findings raise important questions for incorporating place‐based and plural sets of knowledge in risk management and decision‐making for future underground energy projects that contribute to net‐zero strategies.