bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Hispanic Adolescents' Resilience to the Effects of Parental Problem Drinking and Life Stress
Authors: Barrera Manuel , Hageman Devon N. , Gonzales Nancy A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTwo previous studies found that life stress and parental alcoholism were not as highly related to distress for Hispanic adolescents as they were for European American adolescents (M. Barrera Jr., S. A. Li, and L. Chassin, 1993, 1995). Those findings could be interpreted as evidence of Hispanic youths' resilience, but limitations of the stress measure and the homogeneity of the Hispanic sample threatened this interpretation. The present study improved on those previous studies by using a new measure of uncontrollable stressors and a more heterogeneous Mexican American sample. Participants in this study were 175 Mexican American and 59 European American adolescents and their parents. Unlike the previous studies, results did not show that Mexican American adolescents were more resilient to parental problem drinking or life stress than were European American adolescents. Overall, life stress was related to adolescents', mothers', and fathers' reports of adolescents' psychological distress above and beyond the effects of ethnicity and socioeconomic factors.
The Social Networks of Women Experiencing Domestic Violence
Authors: Levendosky Alytia A. , Bogat G. Anne , Theran Sally A. , Trotter Jennifer S. , Eye Alexander von , Davidson William S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe research literature has demonstrated that battered women living in shelters experience impaired social support. This study examines this phenomenon among battered women living in the community. This study compared a group of pregnant battered women (n=145) and a group of pregnant nonbattered women (n=58) in terms of their structural [e.g., total number of supporters, network members in violent relationships with their partners (an index of homophily or nonhomophily) and functional (e.g., emotional)] social support. Four reasons for impaired support in battered women were proposed and examined, including social isolation, failure to disclose abuse, homophily, and low SES. Only homophily was related to impaired support among battered women. In addition, the relationship between structural and functional support and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, self‐esteem) was examined. Criticism, practical support, homophily, and disclosure were all significant predictors of mental health for battered women. Implications for community‐based interventions are discussed in the context of current intervention strategies with battered women.
Facilitators and Inhibitors of Positive School Feelings: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Langhout Regina Day 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper brings together the educational psychology and place experience literatures to explore 8 children's experiences of school behavior settings. Within this framework, the goal is to think of school as a place comprised of multiple behavior settings, disentangle behavior and engagement, and problematize the construct of engagement. Results indicate that children liked places where the physical space was open, and they had some autonomy, independence, choice, opportunities for leadership, and social support. Conversely, they disliked places that were physically chaotic, where they perceived an abuse of power, and that inhibited choice, independence, and autonomy. Finally, children engaged their disliked places by attempting to personalize these spaces to bring in other parts of their identities. Implications include creating behavior settings that lead to positive experiences, attending to social justice, and the use of project‐based pedagogies.
Beyond the Individual: Toward a Nomological Network of Organizational Empowerment
Authors: Peterson N. Andrew , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractEmpowerment research has generally been limited to the individual level of analysis. Efforts to study empowerment beyond the individual require conceptual frameworks suggesting attributes that define the construct and guide its measurement. This paper presents an initial attempt to describe the nomological network of empowerment at the organizational level of analysis—organizational empowerment (OE). Intraorganizational, interorganizational, and extraorganizational components of OE are described. Implications for empowerment theory and practice are discussed.
Abuse Experiences in a Community Sample of Young Adults: Relations with Psychiatric Disorders, Sexual Risk Behaviors, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Tubman Jonathan G. , Montgomery Marilyn J. , Gil Andrés G. , Wagner Eric F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study documents significant associations among lifetime abuse experiences, psychiatric diagnoses, and sexual risk behaviors in a multiethnic community sample of young men and women (N = 1803) in South Florida. Self‐report data were collected via structured interviews as part of a longitudinal follow‐up of a larger school‐based study. Participants were grouped according to extent of lifetime abuse experiences. Cumulative lifetime abuse experiences were associated with increased risk for a broad range of individual lifetime psychiatric disorders, as well as cumulative lifetime psychiatric disorders. Both cumulative abuse experiences and cumulative psychiatric disorders were independently associated with (a) higher levels of sexual risk behaviors and (b) higher risk for lifetime sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Implications for selective prevention of sexual risk behaviors and STDs among young adults with histories of abuse and psychiatric disorders are discussed.
The N‐terminal copper‐binding domain of the amyloid precursor protein protects against Cu2+ neurotoxicity in vivo
Authors: Cerpa Waldo F. , Barría María I. , Chacón Marcelo A. , Suazo Miriam , González Mauricio , Opazo Carlos , Bush Ashley I. , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) contains a Cu binding domain (CuBD) localized between amino acids 135 and 156 (APP135‐156), which can reduce Cu2+ to Cu1+ in vitro. The physiological function of this APP domain has not yet being established; nevertheless several studies support the notion that the CuBD of APP is involved in Cu homeostasis. We used APP synthetic peptides to evaluate their protective properties against Cu2+ neurotoxicity in a bilateral intra‐hippocampal injection model. We found that human APP135‐156 protects against Cu2+‐induced neurotoxic effects, such as, impairment of spatial memory, neuronal cell loss, and astrogliosis. APP135‐156 lacking two histidine residues showed protection against Cu2+; however, APP135‐156 mutated in cysteine 144, a key residue in the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu1+, did not protect against Cu2+ neurotoxicity. In accordance with recent reports, the CuBD of the Caenorhabditis elegans, APL‐1, protected against Cu2+ neurotoxicity in vivo. We also found that Cu2+ neurotoxicity is associated with an increase in nitrotyrosine immunofluorescence as well as with a decrease in Cu2+ uptake. The CuBD of APP therefore may play a role in the detoxification of brain Cu.
A novel bifunctionality: PAT1 and PAT2 mediate electrogenic proton/amino acid and electroneutral proton/fatty acid symport
Authors: Foltz Martin , Boll Michael , Raschka Ladislav , Kottra Gabor , Daniel Hannelore 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTRecently, the PAT family of proton‐dependent amino acid transporters has been identified as a novel class of mammalian amino acid symporters. PAT1 and PAT2 members mediate electrogenic uptake of small, neutral amino acids and derivatives by cotransport of protons. Analysis of the structural requirements for substrate recognition by PAT1 identified that a free amino group in a substrate is not essential for recognition. We therefore hypothesized that PAT1 and its ortholog PAT2 may also be able to recognize and transport the homologous short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. We examined in Xenopus laevis oocytes whether the SCFAs interact with the transporter by employing flux studies, electrophysiology and intracellular pH recordings. SCFAs did not induce positive inward currents but inhibited glycine‐induced transport currents. PAT‐mediated uptake of radiolabeled proline was also dose‐dependently reduced by SCFA and could be described by first order competition kinetics with apparent Ki‐values for butyrate of 6.0 ± 0.7 and 7.6 ± 1.3 mM for PAT1 and PAT2, respectively. Acetate as well as propionate uptake was significantly enhanced in oocytes expressing PAT1 or PAT2. An electroneutral H+/SCFA symport mode was demonstrated by recording intracellular pH changes under voltage clamp conditions with rate constants for the initial intracellular acidification in the presence of SCFAs significantly increased in PAT‐expressing oocytes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the PAT1 and PAT2 proteins are capable to transport selected SCFAs in an electroneutral and the homologous amino acids in an electrogenic mode and are therefore a paradigm for bifunctional solute carriers.
Amyloidogenesis recapitulated in cell culture: a peptide inhibitor provides direct evidence for the role of heparan sulfate and suggests a new treatment strategy
Authors: Elimova Elena , Kisilevsky Robert , Szarek Walter A. , Ancsin John B. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTTo date 22 different polypeptides, including Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease and PrPSc in prion disorders, are known to re‐fold and assemble into highly organized fibrils, which associate with heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans to form tissue deposits called amyloid. Mononuclear phagocytes have long been thought to be involved in this process, and we describe a monocytic cell culture system that can transform the acute‐phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA1.1) into AA‐amyloid and appears to recapitulate all the main features of amyloidogenesis observed in vivo. These features in common include nucleation‐dependent kinetics, identical proteolytic processing of SAA1.1, and co‐deposition of HS with the fibrils. Heparin and polyvinylsulfonate previously reported to block AA‐amyloidogenesis in mice are also effective inhibitors in this cell culture model. Furthermore, a synthetic peptide (27‐mer) corresponding to a HS binding site of SAA, blocks amyloid deposition at a concentration that is several‐orders‐of‐magnitude lower than any other peptide‐based inhibitor previously reported. The 27‐mer’s inhibitory activity may target the amyloidogenic pathway specifically as it does not interfere with the binding of SAA to monocytes. These data provide direct evidence that SAA1.1:HS interactions are a critical step in AA‐amyloidogenesis and suggest a novel treatment strategy for other amyloidoses.
Endothelin induces differentiation of ANP‐EGFP expressing embryonic stem cells towards a pacemaker phenotype
Authors: Gassanov Natig , Er Fikret , Zagidullin Naufal , Hoppe Uta C. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTCurrently, only limited insight into mechanisms promoting the differentiation and specification of the mammalian cardiac conduction system is available. Therefore, we established a murine embryonic stem (ES) cell line stably expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of the human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promoter to further characterize the development of very early stages of the mammalian cardiac conduction tissue. The cardiac nature of ANP‐EGFP positive cells was confirmed by immunostaining. In ANP‐EGFP expressing ES cell‐derived cardiomyocytes, a distinct sublineage of pacemaker cells could be identified. Pacemaker cells displayed a spindle shape and exhibited a higher spontaneous beating rate, faster If current activation and larger If current densities compared with triangular atrial‐like cardiocytes. Exposure to endothelin‐1 significantly increased the percentage of pacemaker‐like cells without affecting their electrophysiological properties. These findings were corroborated by immunostaining with antibodies against connexin 40 and connexin 45, known markers for cardiac conduction tissue. Conversely, treatment of ANP‐EGFP expressing ES cells with neuregulin‐1 exhibited no effect on differentiation. These results indicate that ANP‐EGFP expression enables the identification of ES cell‐derived pacemaker cells by their fluorescence and morphology and that endothelin‐1 promotes the development of ANP‐EGFP positive cardiomyocytes to a pacemaker‐like phenotype.
Interleukin‐6: a cytokine to forget
Authors: Balschun D. , Wetzel W. , del Rey A. , Pitossi F. , Schneider H. , Zuschratter W. , Besedovsky H. O. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTIt is known that proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) during disease conditions and affect several brain functions including memory and learning. In contrast to these effects observed during pathological conditions, here we describe a physiological function of IL‐6 in the “healthy” brain in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. During long‐term potentiation (LTP) in vitro and in freely moving rats, IL‐6 gene expression in the hippocampus was substantially increased. This increase was long lasting, specific to potentiation, and was prevented by inhibition of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors with (±)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (AP‐5). Blockade of endogenous IL‐6 by application of a neutralizing anti‐IL6 antibody 90 min after tetanus caused a remarkable prolongation of LTP. Consistently, blockade of endogenous IL‐6, 90 min after hippocampus‐dependent spatial alternation learning resulted in a significant improvement of long‐term memory. In view of the suggested role of LTP in memory formation, these data implicate IL‐6 in the mechanisms controlling the kinetics and amount of information storage.
Life after corpse engulfment: phagocytosis of apoptotic cells leads to VEGF secretion and cell growth
Authors: Golpon Heiko A. , Fadok Valerie A. , Taraseviciene-Stewart Laima , Scerbavicius Robertas , Sauer Clemens , Welte Tobias , Henson Peter M. , Voelkel Norbert F. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTRemoval of apoptotic cells by neighboring viable cells or professional phagocytes is essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostastis. Here we show that the phagocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat T cells by mouse epithelial cells (HC‐11) and peritoneal macrophages leads to the secretion of growth and survival factors. We characterized VEGF as one of these factors which subsequently promote the proliferation of endothelial cells. Further we demonstrate that the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies inhibits both spontanous and UV‐irradiation‐induced apoptosis in endothelial and epithelial cells. These effects were not observed when phagocytes had been exposed to viable or necrotic Jurkat T cells. We conclude that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells leads to secretion of growth and survival factors by phagocytes that represents a new form of life‐promoting cell‐cell interaction.
PrPc capping in T cells promotes its association with the lipid raft proteins reggie‐1 and reggie‐2 and leads to signal transduction
Authors: Stuermer Claudia A. O. , Langhorst Matthias F. , Wiechers Marianne F. , Legler Daniel F. , Hanwehr Sylvia Hannbeck von , Guse Andreas H. , Plattner Helmut 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTThe cellular prion protein (PrPc) resides in lipid rafts, yet the type of raft and the physiological function of PrPc are unclear. We show here that cross‐linking of PrPc with specific antibodies leads to 1) PrPc capping in Jurkat and human peripheral blood T cells; 2) to cocapping with the intracellular lipid raft proteins reggie‐1 and reggie‐2; 3) to signal transduction as seen by MAP kinase phosphorylation and an elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration; 4) to the recruitment of Thy‐1, TCR/CD3, fyn, lck and LAT into the cap along with local tyrosine phosphorylation and F‐actin polymerization, and later, internalization of PrPc together with the reggies into limp‐2 positive lysosomes. Thus, PrPc association with reggie rafts triggers distinct transmembrane signal transduction events in T cells that promote the focal concentration of PrPc itself by guiding activated PrPc into preformed reggie caps and then to the recruitment of important interacting signaling molecules.
Retinoid‐modulated MAT1 ubiquitination and CAK activity
Authors: He Qiaojun , Peng Hui , Collins Steven J. , Triche Timothy J. , Wu Lingtao 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACTHuman cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)‐activating kinase (CAK) has a dual function in cross‐regulation of cell cycle and differentiation, whereas ménage à trois 1 (MAT1) assembles CAK and determines CAK's substrate specificity. Although the dynamic state of MAT1 protein levels is found to modulate CAK activity, how intracellular regulation of MAT1 controls CAK activity is unknown. Recent studies demonstrate that retinoic acid (RA)‐induced human HL60 cell proliferation/differentiation (P/D) transition is accompanied by MAT1 degradation and decreased CAK phosphorylation of retinoic acid receptor α (RARa). Thus, we investigated the biochemical pathway of MAT1 degradation and its relationship with CAK phosphorylation of RARa. We find that RA induces ubiquitination‐proteolysis of MAT1 and that ubiquitin‐proteasome targets CAK‐free MAT1 only. RA‐induced MAT1 ubiquitination reduces CAK abundance and decreases CAK phosphorylation of RARα, whereas inhibition of MAT1 ubiquitination resists this RA‐effect. These findings reveal that RA induces MAT1 ubiquitination to decrease CAK phosphorylation of RARα, suggesting a novel mechanism of RA‐mediated P/D transition in which MAT1 ubiquitination may act as an integral part of RA‐effect to decrease CAK activity in the switch from proliferation to differentiation.
Language Hemispheric Dominance in Patients with Congenital Lesions of Eloquent Brain
Authors: Vikingstad Eric M. , Cao Yue , Thomas Ajith J. , Johnson Alex F. , Malik Ghaus M. , Welch Kenneth M. A. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
In 90% of normal subjects, the left hemisphere is dominant for language function. We investigated whether congenital lesions of the left perisylvian regions altered cortical language representation in right-handed individuals.

METHODS
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we studied language hemispheric dominance in five right-handed adult patients with congenitally acquired arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) originating from left hemispheric cortical language regions. The AVMs had not caused neurological symptoms during early development, but patients presented as adults with migraine, seizure, or minor hemorrhage. Results obtained from the AVM patients were contrasted to those from right-handed brain-injured stroke patients recovering from aphasia and to those from right-handed normal subjects.

RESULTS
During silent picture naming and verb generation tasks, cortical language networks lateralized primarily to the right hemisphere in the AVM group, compared with the left hemisphere in the normal group. This right hemisphere-shifted language network in the AVM group exceeded the shifts toward right hemispheric dominance found in the stroke group.

CONCLUSION
Patients with AVMs affecting the left perisylvian regions recruited the right hemisphere into language processing networks during early development, presumably in response to congenitally aberrant circulation. This early right hemisphere recruitment in the AVM patients exceeded the similar process in the brains of stroke patients whose left cortical language networks were damaged in adulthood. Our data provide evidence of effective plasticity in the developing human brain compared with the mature brain response to injury. Knowledge of cortical language representation should assist presurgical planning in patients with developmental anomalies affecting apparently language-dominant brain regions.
Microsurgery for Small Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain: Results in 110 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Pik Justin H. T. , Morgan Michael K. 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To examine the results of surgery in 110 consecutive patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) smaller than 3 cm in diameter. These results are compared with the published results of other microsurgical series as well as with results for patients treated with focused irradiation.

METHODS
From January 1989 to November 1998, 121 patients with AVMs smaller than 3 cm were treated at our institution. One hundred ten patients underwent microsurgical removal of their AVMs. The presentation, preoperative neurological status, and postoperative outcome were recorded. Follow-up was complete for all surgical cases.

RESULTS
Of the 110 patients, 109 (99%) had angiographically confirmed obliteration of their AVMs. Two patients (1.8%) required reoperation for residual AVM. Two (4.3%) of 46 patients with AVMs in eloquent brain areas experienced worsening of their neurological status after surgery. One (1.6%) of 64 patients was worse neurologically after removal of an AVM in a noneloquent area.

CONCLUSION
Microsurgical removal is a safe and effective treatment for the majority of AVMs smaller than 3 cm in diameter. Although the treatment is accompanied by a risk of acute onset of neurological deficits, this tends to be transient in the majority of cases. Furthermore, microsurgical excision of small AVMs offers patients immediate protection from the natural history of their vascular lesions.
Aneurysms at Nonbranching Sites in the Supraclinoid Portion of the Internal Carotid Artery: Internal Carotid Artery Trunk Aneurysms
Authors: Ogawa Akira , Suzuki Michiyasu , Ogasawara Kuniaki 
Published: September 2004

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Aneurysms at nonbranching sites in the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA), known as blood blister-like aneurysms or ICA anterior or dorsal wall aneurysms, are not well understood. To clarify this clinical entity, 7408 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who were treated during a 5-year period were analyzed.

METHODS
Forty-eight patients had aneurysms that were intraoperatively confirmed to be located at a nonbranching site in the supraclinoid portion of the ICA. Neuroradiological and clinicopathological features and outcomes were studied.

RESULTS
The aneurysms were divided into the “blister type,” with a blood blister-like configuration and fragile walls, and the “saccular type,” with a saccular configuration and a relatively firm neck, like ordinary berry aneurysms. The most frequent origin was the anteromedial wall for both types. ICA dissection was associated only with the blister type, and hypertension was more frequent with the blister type (P = 0.0978). The preoperative conditions of the patients were the same, but the outcomes for patients with blister-type aneurysms were worse, because of frequent intra- and postoperative aneurysmal bleeding. Saccular-type aneurysms were safely clipped. Treatment of blister-type aneurysms by clipping on wrapping material achieved good results, but ICA trapping (P = 0.0952), clipping (P = 0.0146), and wrapping (P = 0.0110) were associated with much worse results.

CONCLUSION
Blister-type and saccular-type aneurysms have different shapes and wall characteristics. The saccular type can be treated by clipping, whereas the blister type requires clipping on wrapping material. ICA trunk aneurysms may be a better designation to express the diversity of these aneurysms, rather than ICA blood blister-like or anterior or dorsal wall aneurysms.