bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of illness and costs in patients with myasthenia gravis currently receiving treatment in the United States
Authors: Parthan A. , Royston M. , Thanataveerat A. , East E. L. , Parzynski C. S. , Habib A. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIf myasthenia gravis (MG) symptoms are inadequately controlled, patients may experience exacerbations or life‐threatening myasthenic crises. Patients with inadequately controlled MG symptoms tend to be treated with chronic intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy and/or multiple immunosuppressant therapies (ISTs). This study aimed to examine disease burden, healthcare resource utilization, and associated costs in these patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study using a claims database. Patients with MG were classified into three cohorts based on treatment over a 1‐y follow‐up period: (a) treated with four or more IVIg episodes (chronic IVIg cohort); (b) received two or more non‐steroidal ISTs (NSISTs) sequentially (multiple NSIST cohort); (c) received neither chronic IVIg nor multiple NSISTs (reference cohort). Incidences of crises and exacerbations and annual healthcare costs in each cohort were estimated.ResultsIn total, 3516 patients with MG were included in the analysis. Compared with the reference cohort (n = 2992), the MG crisis rate was approximately twice as high in both the chronic IVIg (n = 324) and multiple NSIST (n = 291) cohorts (p < 0.001); and the MG exacerbation rate was approximately four‐fold higher in the chronic IVIg cohort (p < 0.001) and three‐fold higher in the multiple NSIST cohort (p < 0.001). Median annual MG‐related inflation‐adjusted total healthcare costs were higher in the chronic IVIg ($81,900) and multiple NSIST ($30,300) cohorts than in the reference cohort ($2540).DiscussionThe burden of crises/exacerbations was substantially higher and healthcare costs were considerably greater in patients with MG treated with chronic IVIg or multiple NSISTs than in patients not receiving these treatments.
Un(der)rated: Nonprofit leader gender and external accreditations of transparency
Authors: Lee Young‐joo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe gender‐ethics theory posits that female leaders' higher ethical standards contribute to an improved culture of transparency within an organization. This study examines if the positive implication of women's leadership for organizational transparency replicates in the context of an external accreditation of transparency, using the case of GuideStar's Seal of Transparency (SOT). Unlike what gender‐ethic theory suggests, the results reveal that nonprofits led by female CEOs are not only less likely to have an SOT, but the gap based on CEO gender also increases for higher‐level seals. This study explains the contradiction using concepts of the gender leadership gap and gender differences in the pursuit of external accreditations.
Follistatin‐like 1 is a myokine regulating lipid mobilization during endurance exercise and recovery
Authors: Nam Ji Sun , Park Su‐Jeong , Ahn Chul Woo , Cho Eun‐Suk , Kim Hee‐Joo , Kim YuSik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of the follistatin‐like 1 (Fstl1) and disco‐interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2a) axis in relation to lipid metabolism during and after endurance exercise and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of Fstl1 on adipocytes, considering its regulation by exercise and muscle mass and its link to obesity.MethodsTwenty‐nine sedentary males participated in endurance exercise, and blood samples were collected during and after the exercise. Body composition, Fstl1, glycerol, epinephrine, growth hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide were measured. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, with or without DIP2a knockdown, were treated with Fstl1 to assess glycerol release, cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP production, and hormone sensitive lipase phosphorylation. The association between DIP2a gene expression levels in human adipose tissues and exercise‐induced lipolysis was examined.ResultsFstl1 levels significantly increased during endurance exercise and following recovery, correlating with lean body mass and lipolysis. In 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, Fstl1 increased glycerol release, cyclic GMP production, and hormone sensitive lipase activation, but these effects were attenuated by DIP2a knockdown. DIP2a gene expression in human adipose tissues correlated with serum glycerol concentrations during endurance exercise.ConclusionsFstl1 is a myokine facilitating lipid mobilization during and after endurance exercise through DIP2a‐mediated lipolytic effects in adipocytes.
CD8+ T cells in fetal membranes display a unique phenotype, and their activation is involved in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Jiang Yinan , Lai Xintong , Liu Yuxu , Yang Cheng , Liu Zhicui , Liu Xiaorui , Yu Tiantian , Chen Cailian , Khanniche Asma , Fan Jianxia , Lin Yi , Zeng Weihong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPreterm labor/birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated that T cells were crucial for maintaining maternal–fetal immune tolerance during the first trimester of pregnancy; however, their phenotypes and functions in labor and delivery remain largely unknown. We recruited three cohorts of women at delivery for T‐cell immunophenotyping in the placentas, fetal membranes, umbilical cord blood, and maternal peripheral blood. Our data showed a differential enrichment of T cells during the third trimester of human pregnancy, with CD4+ T cells being more observable within the umbilical cord blood, whereas CD8+ T cells became relatively more abundant in fetal membranes. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells derived from fetal membranes were dominated by effector memory T cells and exhibited extensive expression of activation markers but decreased expression of homing receptor. In comparison with term births, fetal membrane CD8+ T cells, especially the central memory subset, were significantly increased in frequency and showed more profound activation in spontaneous preterm birth patients. Finally, using an allogeneic mouse model, we found that T‐cell‐activation‐induced preterm birth could be alleviated by the depletion of CD8+ T but not CD4+ T cells in vivo. Collectively, we showed that CD8+ T cells in fetal membranes displayed a unique phenotype, and their activation was involved in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm birth, which provides novel insights into the immune mechanisms of preterm birth and potential targets for the prevention of this syndrome. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Development of (polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitsoan/citric acid)/(zinc oxide‐nanoparticles) bionanocomposite films and their applications in biodegradation and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Awadallah‐F Ahmed , Aboulfotouh Maysara E. , Ali Hussein E. , Salem E. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiofilm and bionanocomposite films were synthesized from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), chitosan (CS), citric acid (CA), and zinc oxide‐nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs). Effects of gamma‐irradiation dose and ZnO‐NPs concentrations; 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 (wt./wt.)% were studied. Biofilms and bionanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐rays diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray, and mechanical properties to identify structure of biofilm and bionanocomposite films. Swelling (g/g)% and gelation (g/g)% of biofilms were carried out at diverse compositions of PVP to CS of (1/1), (1/2), and (2/1) (v/v). Swelling (g/g)% results of (1/1), (1/2), and (2/1) (v/v) were 116, 110, and 126, respectively. Values of highest and lowest gelation (g/g)% of (1/2) and (2/1) (v/v) are 98.0 ± 1.8 and 85.0 ± 2.6, respectively at 30 kGy. Water vapor transmission rate was studied for films and exposed 3450 ± 4.1 and 185.8 ± 1.2 (kg/m2.day) for open bottle and (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5), respectively. Values of water solubility (g/g)% were investigated and found 30.21 ± 1.3 and 15.4 ± 2.5 for (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐0) and (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5), accordingly. Bionanocomposite films displayed a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria and Gram‐positive bacteria. (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐0.1) showed lowest inhibition zone; 4 ± 0.2, 9 ± 0.5, 19 ± 0.1, and 8 ± 0.3 (mm) compared with (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5) of highest inhibition zone; 16 ± 0.5, 28 ± 0.2, 33 ± 0.6, and 18 ± 0.3 (mm) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Antimicrobial activity increased with increasing ZnO‐NPs concentrations. Biodegradation of biofilms and bionanocomposite films were examined under soil from 0 to120 days. Results of weight loss (g/g)% at 120 days of (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐0) and (PVP/CS/PCA)/(ZnO‐NPs‐1.5) are 72 ± 4.5 and 47.5 ± 3.8, respectively. Bionanocomposite films were used in food preservation of fresh cherry tomatoes for 30 days and showed goodness. Therefore, these results suggest that the possibility of using bionanocomposite films in food‐packaging applications.Highlights
Synthesis of development of (polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitsoan/citric acid)/(zinc oxide‐nanoparticles) bionanocomposite films.
Characterization of bionanocomposite films by different techniques.
Study of biodegradation of bionanocomposite films.
Study of antimicrobial of bionanocomposite films.
Usage of bionanocomposite films in cherry tomatoes preservation for 30 days.
Mandate to overblock? Understanding the impact of the European Union's Article 17 on copyright content moderation on YouTube
Authors: Dergacheva Daria , Katzenbach Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article presents the results of a study measuring possible overblocking due to copyright moderation and changes in the diversity of cultural products supply on YouTube in two European Union (EU) member states comparable in size and population, Germany and France. Both have adopted Article 17 of the EU Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive (CDSMD) but Germany was 5 months ahead of France in changing its legislative regime for large social media platforms and copyright content moderation. The article assesses how content takedowns that were likely connected to copyright differed in these two countries and how this might have been influenced by the greater copyright moderation linked to the implementation of Article 17 of the CDSMD. Furthermore, the cultural supply diversity according to genre on YouTube was examined by applying Stirling's model of diversity and using a dual‐concept diversity index. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure predicted changes to overblocking and possible changes in cultural diversity on YouTube's infrastructure since the new copyright rules came into force in the EU. The findings show that during the period examined, 2019–2022, significant differences were identified between Germany and France in terms of the takedowns of videos from categories prone to copyright moderation. In addition, the content‐level supply of cultural products diversity, measured by genre (channel categories), number of videos, and subscribers, decreased in YouTube's available content in both countries but more so in Germany than in France. The study also makes a methodological contribution to the field of content moderation by reusing previously collected data to explore YouTube's infrastructure and cultural diversity within the framework of media economics. Platforms' content moderation practices and the potential impacts they have on cultural diversity are notoriously difficult to study, and this research establishes new methodological frameworks for further exploration.
MicroRNA PC‐5p‐3991_515 mediates triflumezopyrim susceptibility in the small brown planthopper through regulating the post‐transcriptional expression of P450 CYP417A2
Authors: Yang Yuanxue , Wang Aiyu , Xue Chao , Tian Honglin , Zhang Yun , Zhou Maolin , Zhao Ming , Liu Zewen , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are recognized as a major contributor to metabolic resistance in insects to most insecticides, through gene overexpressions and protein mutations. MicroRNA (miRNA), an important post‐transcriptional regulator, has been reported to promote insecticide resistance by mediating the expression of detoxification enzyme genes.RESULTSIn the present study, we reported that a novel microRNA PC‐5p‐3991_515 was involved in the post‐transcriptional regulation of CYP417A2 and mediated the triflumezopyrim susceptibility in the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén). The tissue expression profiles showed that CYP417A2 was highly expressed in fat body. CYP417A2 was significantly up‐regulated at 12, 36, 60, 84 and 108 h after the triflumezopyrim treatment. RNA interference (RNAi) against CYP417A2 significantly increased triflumezopyrim susceptibility in SBPH. According to the prediction by miRanda and TargetScan software, three miRNAs were indicated to bind to CYP417A2. However, when oversupply of agomir, only two miRNAs, PC‐3p‐625_4405 and PC‐5p‐3991_515, significantly increased the susceptibility to triflumezopyrim and decreased CYP417A2 levels. Furthermore, PC‐5p‐3991_515 was confirmed to be involved in the post‐transcriptional regulation of CYP417A2 by dual luciferase reporter assay. Meanwhile, PC‐5p‐3991_515 was co‐localized with CYP417A2 in the midgut in situ hybridization.CONCLUSIONOur findings revealed that the novel microRNA, PC‐5p‐3991_515, post‐transcriptionally regulated CYP417A2 expression, which then mediated the triflumezopyrim susceptibility in SBPH. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Systemic resistance induced in tomato plants by Beauveria bassiana‐derived proteins against tomato yellow leaf curl virus and aphid Myzus persicae
Authors: Basit Abdul , Humza Muhammad , Majeed Muhammad Zeeshan , Shakeel Muhammad , Idrees Atif , Hu Chao‐Xing , Gui Shun‐Hua , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop around the globe. Tomato yellow leaf curling (TYLC) is the most devastating viral disease posing a serious threat to tomato production throughout the tropical and subtropical world. Induction of microbe‐mediated systemic resistance in plants has been of great interest in recent years as a novel microbiological tool in disease and insect pest management. This in‐vitro study aimed to determine the effectiveness of different strains (BB252, BB72 and ARSEF‐2860) of a hypocreal fungus Beauveria bassiana against TYLCV disease and aphid Myzus persicae. Potted tomato plants exogenously treated with conidial and filtrate suspensions of B. bassiana strains and of their partially purified or purified proteins were exposed to TYLCV inoculum and aphid M. persicae.RESULTSResults showed a significant suppression of TYLCV disease severity index by the exogenous application of conidial, filtrate and protein treatments of all B. bassiana strains and this response was directly proportional to the treatment concentration. Similarly, mean fecundity rate of M. persicae was also significantly reduced by the highest concentration of ARSEF‐2860‐derived elicitor protein PeBb1, followed by the highest concentrations of BB252‐ and BB72‐derived partially purified proteins. Moreover, these B. bassiana‐derived proteins also caused a significant upregulation of most of the plant immune marker genes associated with plant defense.CONCLUSIONOverall, the study findings suggest that these B. bassiana strains and their partially purified or purified elicitor proteins could be effective biological tools for the management of TYLCV and aphid infestation on tomato plants. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Family structure of migrant workers and long‐term local settlement intention in China
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Du Haitao , Li Peilin , Ouyang Hui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSince the Reform and Opening up, China's rapid but regionally uneven economic growth has continuously attracted a large number of migrant workers from rural areas to cities, from the central and western regions to the eastern regions. At the same time, the migration structure of migrant workers has gradually changed from individual migration to family migration. Under the linked lives principle in life course framework, this paper makes an in‐depth analysis of the relationship between family structure and the long‐term settlement intention of migrant workers based on a nationwide survey in 2020 by using the binomial logistic models. This paper found that, migrant workers who migrate in couple or with their whole family (spouse and children) have higher intention to live in local areas for longer time than migrant workers who migrate individually. More importantly, this paper argues that that spouses and children have more positive influence on migrant workers' local residence intention in medium and long‐distance cross city or inter‐provincial migration than in short distance within city migration.
Comparison of Large Language Models in Management Advice for Melanoma: Google's AI BARD, BingAI and ChatGPT
Authors: Mu Xin , Lim Bryan , Seth Ishith , Xie Yi , Cevik Jevan , Sofiadellis Foti , Hunter-Smith David J. , Rozen Warren M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Large language models (LLMs) are emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technology refining research and healthcare. Their use in medicine has seen numerous recent applications. One area where LLMs have shown particular promise is in the provision of medical information and guidance to practitioners.

Objective
This study aims to assess three prominent LLMs—Google's AI BARD, BingAI and ChatGPT-4 in providing management advice for melanoma by comparing their responses to current clinical guidelines and existing literature.

Methods
Five questions on melanoma pathology were prompted to three LLMs. A panel of three experienced Board-certified plastic surgeons evaluated the responses for reliability using reliability matrix (Flesch Reading Ease Score, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and the Coleman-Liau Index), suitability (modified DISCERN score) and comparing them to existing guidelines. t-Test was performed to calculate differences in mean readability and reliability scores between LLMs and p value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The mean readability scores across three LLMs were same. ChatGPT exhibited superiority with a Flesch Reading Ease Score of 35.42 (±21.02), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level of 11.98 (±4.49) and Coleman–Liau Index of 12.00 (±5.10), however all of these were insignificant (p &gt; 0.05). Suitability-wise using DISCERN score, ChatGPT 58 (±6.44) significantly (p = 0.04) outperformed BARD 36.2 (±34.06) and was insignificant to BingAI's 49.8 (±22.28).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that ChatGPT marginally outperforms BARD and BingAI in providing reliable, evidence-based clinical advice, but they still face limitations in depth and specificity. Future research should improve LLM performance by integrating specialized databases and expert knowledge to support patient-centred care.
New Emerging Fast Charging Microscale Electrode Materials
Authors: Wang Litong , Zhong Yunlei , Wang Huibo , Malyi Oleksandr I , Wang Feng , Zhang Yanyan , Hong Guo , Tang Yuxin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFast charging lithium (Li)‐ion batteries are intensively pursued for next‐generation energy storage devices, whose electrochemical performance is largely determined by their constituent electrode materials. While nanosizing of electrode materials enhances high‐rate capability in academic research, it presents practical limitations like volumetric packing density and high synthetic cost. As an alternative to nanosizing, microscale electrode materials cannot only effectively overcome the limitations of the nanosizing strategy but also satisfy the requirement of fast‐charging batteries. Therefore, this review summarizes the new emerging microscale electrode materials for fast charging from the commercialization perspective. First, the fundamental theory of electronic/ionic motion in both individual active particles and the whole electrode is proposed. Then, based on these theories, the corresponding optimization strategies are summarized toward fast‐charging microscale electrode materials. In addition, advanced functional design to tackle the mechanical degradation problems related to next generation high capacity alloy‐ and conversion‐type electrode materials (Li, S, Si et al.) for achieving fast charging and stable cycling batteries. Finally, general conclusions and the future perspective on the potential research directions of microscale electrode materials are proposed. It is anticipated that this review will provide the basic guidelines for both fundamental research and practical applications of fast‐charging batteries.
Screening of liothyronine network pharmacology role in the treatment of ischemic stroke and molecular mechanism
Authors: Yuan Li , Xiao Dongdong , Yang Rumei , Ge Lei , Wan Yuye , Jiang Lianglei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to elucidate mechanisms of liothyronine on the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS).MethodsDifferential analysis based on R limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes, which were then mapped into the connectivity map database for identification of liothyronine associated with IS. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was verified through pathway enrichment analysis via Enrichr online. Ischemia stroke mouse model was built up for further analysis. Infarct area and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured by 2, 3, 5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Light microscope was used for the evaluation of body weight and dark neurons. Serum TXB2, 6‐Keto‐PGF1a, TNF‐α, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in mice were measured using enzyme‐linked immuno sorbent assay. In addition, relative protein expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, nestin, and Sox2 were detected by Western blot analysis.ResultsLiothyronine with a negative connectivity was identified as one promising treatment for IS through TNF signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that liothyronine treatment significantly meliorated infarct area and the number of dark neurons in IS mice. Liothyronine greatly ameliorated the expression levels of TXB2 and 6‐Keto‐PGF1a. Besides, rCBF and body weight change of IS mice were increased gradually with increase of drug concentration. Based on pathway enrichment analysis, anti‐inflammatory response (TNF‐α and IL‐6) relevant to TNF signaling pathway was identified, which was further validated in vitro. Furthermore, proteins as neural stem cell markers made a difference with liothyronine treatment.ConclusionLiothyronine may be a novel therapeutic component to exploit an effective medicine for the treatment of IS.