bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly loaded carbon fiber filaments for 3D‐printed composites
Authors: Ramanathan Arunachalam , Thippanna Varunkumar , Kumar Abhishek Saji , Sundaravadivelan Barath , Zhu Yuxiang , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Yang Sui , Song Kenan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractComposites play progressively significant roles across a spectrum of applications involving high‐performance materials and products within industries such as aerospace, naval, automotive, construction, missiles, and defense technology. Notably, oriented fiber composites have garnered substantial attention due to their advantageous attributes like a high strength‐to‐weight ratio and controlled anisotropy. Nonetheless, challenges persist in uneven fiber alignment, fiber clustering within the matrix material, and constraints on fiber volume, impeding the mass production of oriented fiber‐reinforced composites. In this study, we present a novel approach to 3D printing of uniformly aligned short fiber reinforcement in a composite of heavily loaded carbon and nylon. Capitalizing on the additive manufacturing potential of rapidity and precision, the extrusion process induces carbon fiber (CF) alignments in filaments via shear forces. The 3D‐printed structures that were created displayed impressive potential for customization. They consistently demonstrated improved mechanical and thermal properties when compared to the original nylon structures. Our methodology for producing uniformly dispersed and aligned short fiber reinforcement in polymer composites promises to propel the advancement of design and manufacturing for high‐performance composite materials and components.
Flexible bronchoscopy findings and management impact in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Simpson Ryne C. , Ale Guillermo Beltran , Harris William T 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionFlexible bronchoscopy (FB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are frequently performed in children with known or suspected aspiration, however, the additive value of FB in conjunction with direct laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy (DLB) has not been previously quantified. This study details the common endoscopic/cytological findings and associated management impact of FB and BAL in pediatric Aerodigestive patients undergoing combined airway evaluation (FB and DLB) for oropharyngeal dysphagia.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed in children <3 years of age followed through a large Aerodigestive center undergoing outpatient, combined airway endoscopy for dysphagia. Patient and procedural characteristics, endoscopic and BAL findings, and management metrics were collected and analyzed. A secondary analysis evaluated the association between endoscopic findings and medication changes.ResultsNinety‐one procedures (median patient age, 15 months) were identified. All procedures included both FB and DLB, and just over half (52.7%) included esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Common endoscopic findings included bronchitis (73.6%), adenoidal hypertrophy (31.9%), and tracheomalacia (10.8%). BAL cytology frequently identified neutrophilic inflammation (mean 39.6% neutrophils [interquartile range 6.5%–71%)]. Cultured pathogens commonly included Streptococcus viridans (46.6%), Hemophilus influenzae (36.3%), Moraxella catarrhalis (30.1%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (25.0%). FB and BAL results contributed to clinical decisions in 65 of 91 (71.4%) patients. Endoscopically‐diagnosed bronchitis (odds ratio [OR] 7.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4–21.99) and tracheomalacia (OR 5.79, 95% CI 1.20–27.85) were significantly associated with increased odds of medication adjustments following FB.ConclusionIn pediatric Aerodigestive patients undergoing combined airway evaluation for oropharyngeal dysphagia, FB and BAL are high‐yield and clinically impactful procedures.
Reduction of agglomeration effect by aluminum trihydride in solid propellant combustion
Authors: Gou Dongliang , Hu Xiang , Ao Wen , Liu Peijin , He Guoqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAluminum trihydride (AlH3) has gained considerable attention as a substitute fuel for aluminum in solid propellants. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation to evaluate the effects of AlH3 content, ranging from 0 % to 18 %, on propellant ignition, combustion, and agglomeration. Experimental methods such as thermogravimetry−differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC), laser ignition, high‐speed photography, and collecting condensed combustion products (CCPs) were employed. The results indicate that AlH3 significantly promotes the high‐temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Meanwhile, the addition of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) in propellant does not affect the hydrogen release reaction of AlH3. As the AlH3 content increases from 0 % to 18 %, the spectral emission intensity of the propellants decreases, and the ignition delay time initially increases from 253 ms to 321 ms, and then decreases to 258 ms. Furthermore, the burning rate increases with increasing the AlH3 content, while the pressure exponent is reduced from 0.551 to 0.460. The inclusion of AlH3 in propellants significantly inhibits aluminum agglomeration near the burning surface. Additionally, as the AlH3 content increases, the mean particle size D43 of the CCPs decreases from 50.95 μm to 8.28 μm at 1 MPa. The agglomeration degree of aluminum is very weak at 7 MPa, especially when the AlH3 content exceeds 9 %. The conclusions drawn from this study can serve as valuable guidance for optimizing propellant formulations.
Uncertainties in the observational reference: Implications in skill assessment and model ranking of seasonal predictions
Authors: Ramon Jaume , Lledó Llorenç , Ferro Christopher A.T. , Doblas‐Reyes Francisco J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe probabilistic skill of seasonal prediction systems is often inferred using reanalysis data, assuming these benchmark observations to be error free. However, an increasing number of studies report non‐negligible levels of uncertainty affecting reanalysis observations, especially when it comes to variables like precipitation or wind speed. We consider different possibilities to account for such error in forecast quality assessment, either exploiting the newly produced ensemble reanalyses (e.g., European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5–Ensemble of Data Assimilations, ERA5 ‐ EDA) or applying methodologies that use scores that take observational uncertainty into account. We illustrate the benefits of employing ensemble reanalyses over traditional reanalyses and show how the true skill can be approximated, whatever the observational reference. We ultimately emphasise the perils and quantify the error committed when the observational reference, either reanalysis or point dataset, is selected arbitrarily for verifying a seasonal prediction system.
Metal Selenide‐Based Superstructure Nanoarrays with Ultrahigh Capacity for Alkaline Zn Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chiyu , Xing Hanfang , Duan Xiaoyao , Pan Fuping , Chen Kai‐Jie , Wang Teng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransition metal selenides (TMSs) have great potential as cathode materials for alkaline Zn batteries (AZBs) owing to their high theoretical capacity and metallic conductivity. However, achieving a high specific capacity remains a formidable challenge due to the low structural stability and sluggish reaction kinetics of single‐phase TMS. Herein, a facile method for fabricating a robust CoSe2@Ni3Se4@Ni(OH)2 superstructure nanoarray (CNSNA) as an AZB cathode is presented. The sophisticated design enables structural stability and abundant active surface sites for efficient charge storage. Furthermore, the redox mediator K3[Fe(CN)6] is employed to expedite the reaction kinetics and introduce supplementary redox reactions, further enhancing the charge storage capability. Consequently, the CNSNA electrode delivers an exceptional specific capacitance (609.08 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), surpassing all previously reported selenide‐based materials. High‐rate capability (239.37 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and long cycling stability have also been achieved. The comprehensive charge storage mechanism studies confirmed the structural integrity, kinetic improvement, and high reactivity of the CNSNA superstructure. Moreover, the corresponding AZB based on CNSNA demonstrates an extraordinarily high energy density of 516.58 Wh kg−1. The work offers guidance in the construction of superstructure‐based TMS electrode materials, paving the way for the development of high‐performance AZBs.
Fabrication and Functional Regulation of Biomimetic Interfaces and Their Antifouling and Antibacterial Applications: A Review
Authors: Xu Youyin , Luan Xin , He Peng , Zhu Danzhu , Mu Rongqiu , Wang Yan , Wei Gang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiomimetic synthesis provides potential guidance for the synthesis of bio‐nanomaterials by mimicking the structure, properties and functions of natural materials. Behavioral studies of biological surfaces with specific micro/nano structures are performed to explore the interactions of various molecules or organisms with biological surfaces. These explorations provide valuable inspiration for the development of biomimetic surfaces with similar effects. This work reviews some conventional preparation methods and functional modulation strategies for biomimetic interfaces. It aims to elucidate the important role of biomimetic interfaces with antifouling and low‐pollution properties that can replace non‐environmentally friendly coatings. Thus, biomimetic antifouling interfaces can be better applied in the field of marine antifouling and antimicrobial. In this review, the commonly used fabrication methods for biomimetic interfaces as well as some practical strategies for functional modulation is present in detail. These methods and strategies modify the physical structure and chemical properties of the biomimetic interfaces, thus improving the wettability, adsorption, drag reduction, etc. that they exhibit. In addition, practical applications are presented of various biomimetic interfaces for antifouling and look ahead to potential biomedical applications. By continuously discovering functional surfaces with biomimetic properties and studying their microstructure and macroscopic properties, more biomimetic interfaces will be developed.
Multifunctional Chiral d10‐Metal Coordination Polymers: Tunable Photoluminescence and Efficient Second‐Harmonic Generation with Circular Dichroic Response
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Cho Jeong Bin , Li Yang , Lee Kyeong‐Hyeon , Jang Joon Ik , Ok Kang Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA series of homochiral coordination polymers (HCPs), [M2(SIAP)2(bpy)2] [M(S)] and [M2(RIAP)2(bpy)2] [M(R)] (M = Zn or Cd, SIAP or RIAP = (S,S)‐ or (R,R)‐ 2,2′‐(isophthaloylbis(azanediyl))di‐propionic acid, bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine), is successfully synthesized through solvothermal reactions, self‐assembling d10 metal cations, chiral dicarboxylic ligands, and π‐conjugated bipyridyl ligands. The HCPs crystallize in the extremely rare triclinic chiral space group, P1, and present 3D framework structures attributed to the strong intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking. Due to the unique crystal structures, the title compounds reveal efficient photoluminescence emission across a broad visible range, with significant brightness and color tuning by varying the excitation wavelength. Moreover, they exhibit efficient phase‐matched second‐harmonic generation (SHG) with very high laser‐induced damage thresholds, essential for high‐power nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Intriguingly, the title compounds exhibit a measurable contrast in the SHG response under right‐ and left‐handed circularly polarized excitation, thereby providing a unique case of SHG circular dichroism from the chiral centers of SIAP2− or RIAP2− ligand packed in the noncentrosymmetric environment. These exceptional attributes position these HCPs as promising candidates for multifunctional materials, with potential applications ranging from NLO devices to tailored luminescent systems with polarization control.
Out‐of‐plane behavior of dry‐stack brick masonry walls
Authors: Erdil Barış , Kıpçak Fırat , Tapan Mücip 
Published: December 2023

SummaryAs a result of the combination of the complex behavior of masonry buildings with insufficient material quality and lack in engineering calculations, a large number of damages has been observed in the earthquakes that occurred in recent years. Therefore, a realistic understanding of the behavior of masonry walls and buildings is necessary to construct seismic‐resistant structures. Since masonry walls have many variables, performing experiments in which each variable is present at the same time will make it difficult to understand the behavior. For these reasons, considering the out‐of‐plane failures that are frequently mentioned in recent earthquakes, in this study, variables in dry‐stack brick masonry buildings such as the aspect ratio of the wall (2, 1.33, and 1), the presence of the transverse walls (2, 1, and 0), and the openings in the walls (door and/or window) were taken into account separately. Eighteen different wall configurations were designed, and a total of 48 dry‐stack walls having U‐shape, L‐shape, and I‐shape in plan were tested by a specially constructed tilting table setup to determine their out‐of‐plane behavior. From the test results, it was found that lateral load capacity of the U‐shaped walls without openings increased as the aspect ratio (L/H) decreased. No change in capacity was observed in L‐ and I‐shaped walls when the aspect ratio was reduced from 2 to 1. Door and/or window openings were found to affect only the L‐shaped walls. In addition, it was determined that failure patterns were affected from the aspect ratio and the presence of the openings.
Developing Concepts About Print: A Social Justice Literacy Approach
Authors: Claravall Eric B. , Walthall Erica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt has been more than 50 years since Clay (1966) first introduced the concepts about print (CAP). Emergent readers, aged 4–5, must acquire an understanding of basic and hierarchical concepts of letters, words, and sentences; they must also learn basic knowledge about texts and books; they must develop an awareness of book orientation, directionality, and positions. CAP examines emergent readers' ability to recognize and understand the ways in which written language functions for the purpose of reading. However, we lovingly critique the elements of CAP (e.g., book orientation, directionality and print conventions) from the perspective of culturally sustaining pedagogies. Clay (1989) posited that “CAP as a test may be culturally inappropriate” (p. 71). We further argue that using this element marginalizes early young children of color who are learning ways of literacy practices that do not mirror the white monolingual middle‐class approach to learning foundational reading. In some cultures, readers turn pages left to right, read pages right to left, and decode logographic words. Does it matter if young children do not fully understand directionality and orientation at that age? What we think matters in the practice of CAP is the sense‐making process. Using social justice‐oriented texts, we offer a pedagogical framework that centers on the concepts of text and book. Using literature that features characters of color in non‐stereotype roles, we describe four principles for teaching CAP that advance social justice literacy: Relationship between written and oral language, print or pictures carry meaning, book orientation and directionality and conventions of print.
A separation‐of‐variable method for eigenbuckling analysis of closed and open circular cylindrical shells
Authors: Gao Jifeng , Chen Wujun , Zhang Xiaozhao , Li Kai , Yu Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe analytical solutions for buckling of closed and open cylindrical shells under different boundary conditions are challenging. A separation‐of‐variable method with closed‐form eigensolution under Donnell–Mushtari theory is proposed for eigenbuckling analysis in cylindrical shells. The modal function is adopted as the form W = eμαeλβ. It can be applied to the closed and open cylindrical shells with different boundary conditions, and the whole calculation process is explicit. The critical buckling capacities of short cylindrical shells are close under the simply supported or clamped boundary conditions. The predictions are in good agreement with those in literature and the finite element model.
Linking Urban Railways, People and Places: A Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis in the City of Catania
Authors: Accordino Filippo , Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio , Codato Daniele , Peroni Francesca , De Marchi Massimo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe interconnection of urban contexts represents the baseline for the quality of life within them. An efficient urban mobility system ensures environmental, economic and social sustainability. It promotes inclusivity by fostering access to urban facilities and services. Moreover, it enables improvement to the organisation of urban space by allowing better allocation of city facilities. Urban railways connect the areas they cross by triggering relationships between these places, fostering the emergence of new centralities, urban regeneration practices and sustainable and inclusive mobility behaviour. This research proposes a model to study urban centrality through spatial data and multicriteria decision analysis. It shows a method to achieve a degree of centrality of station service areas according to different types of urban populations.
Nonrelativistic Dirac fermions on the torus
Authors: Aguilera-Damia Jeremías , Solís Mario , Torroba Gonzalo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Two dimensional conformal field theories have been extensively studied in the past. When considered on the torus, they are strongly constrained by modular invariance. However, introducing relevant deformations or chemical potentials pushes these theories away from criticality, where many of their aspects are still poorly understood. In this note we make a step towards filling this gap, by analyzing the theory of a Dirac fermion on the torus, deformed by a mass term and a chemical potential for the particle number symmetry. The theory breaks conformal and Lorentz invariance, and we study its spectrum and partition function. We also focus on two limits that are interesting on their own right: a massless relativistic fermion with nonzero chemical potential (a simple model for CFTs at finite density), and nonrelativistic Schrodinger fermions (of relevance in condensed matter systems). Taking inspiration from recent developments in massive modular forms, we obtain a representation of the torus free energy based on Fourier-transforming over a twisted boundary condition. This dual representation fullfills many properties analogous to modular invariance in CFTs. In particular, we use this result to derive Cardy-like formulas for the high energy density of states of these theories.
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im und für das Alter stärken
Authors: Gellert Paul , Brandenburg Hermann , Franke Annette , Kessler Eva-Marie , Krupp Sonja , Pantel Johannes , Schramek Renate , Simm Andreas , Swoboda Walter , Wurm Susanne , Fuellen Georg 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPrävention von Erkrankungen und Gesundheitsförderung im und für das Alter haben an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dennoch bedarf es mehr (nationaler) Forschung und Umsetzung in der Praxis, wie der internationale Vergleich zeigt.Ziel der ArbeitLeitgedanken für Forschung und Praxis zu Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im und für das Alter entwickeln.Material und MethodenIm Rahmen eines iterativen Prozesses kamen Mitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gerontologie und Geriatrie in Workshops und Symposien zusammen, um wesentliche Leitgedanken und Handlungsfelder zu Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung zu formulieren.ErgebnisseHerausgearbeitet wurden: 1. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sind bis ins hohe Alter sinnvoll und möglich, 2. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung für das Alter sollten früh beginnen, 3. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung müssen die Diversität und Heterogenität der Lebenslagen alter Menschen aufgreifen, 4. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung fördern und fordern Selbstbestimmung und Partizipation, 5. Prävention von Mehrfacherkrankungen gilt es, stärker in den Blick zu nehmen, 6. Prävention von Pflegebedürftigkeit und Prävention in der Pflege sind gleichrangig zu behandeln, 7. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung müssen lebensweltlich und sektorenübergreifend gedacht werden, dabei sind v. a. Aspekte der sozialen Ungleichheit und eine Ressourcenorientierung mitzubeachten, 8. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung und die Forschung dazu sind inter- und transdisziplinär und auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen anzulegen, von molekular bis gesellschaftlich.DiskussionDie Leitgedanken spannen Schwerpunkte einer zukunftsgerichteten Alterns‑, Gesundheits- und Versorgungsforschung auf und öffnen Handlungsfelder, aber auch Grenzen dieses Zugangs für politische Entscheidungstragende, Forschende und Praktiker:innen.
Artificial intelligence in the practice of forensic medicine: a scoping review
Authors: Tournois Laurent , Trousset Victor , Hatsch Didier , Delabarde Tania , Ludes Bertrand , Lefèvre Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractForensic medicine is a thriving application field for artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, AI applications intended to forensic pathologists or forensic physicians have emerged since the last decade. For example, AI models were developed to help estimate the biological age of migrants or human remains. However, the uses of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians and their levels of integration in medicolegal practices are not well described yet. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This review included articles that mention any AI application used by forensic pathologists or physicians in practice or any AI model applied in one expertise field of the forensic pathologist or physician. Articles in other languages than English or French or dealing mainly with complementary analyses handled by experts who are not forensic pathologists or physicians or with AI to analyze data for research purposes in forensic medicine were excluded from this review. All the relevant information was retrieved in each article from a grid analysis derived and adapted from the TRIPOD checklist. This review included 35 articles and revealed that AI applications are developed in thanatology and in clinical forensic medicine. However, those applications seem to mainly remain in research and development stages. Indeed, the use of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians is not actual due to issues discussed in this article. Finally, the integration of AI in daily medicolegal practice involves not only forensic pathologists or physicians but also legal professionals.