bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Evaluation of Code Smell Agglomerations
Authors: Santana Amanda , Figueiredo Eduardo , Pereira Juliana Alves , Garcia Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Context.
Code smell is a symptom of decisions about the system design or code that may degrade its modularity. For example, they may indicate inheritance misuse, excessive coupling and size. When two or more code smells occur in the same snippet of code, they form a code smell agglomeration.
Objective.
Few studies evaluate how agglomerations may impact code modularity. In this work, we evaluate which aspects of modularity are being hindered by agglomerations. This way, we can support practitioners in improving their code, by refactoring the code involved with code smell agglomeration that was found as harmful to the system modularity.
Method.
We analyze agglomerations composed of four types of code smells: Large Class, Long Method, Feature Envy, and Refused Bequest. We then conduct a comparison study between 20 systems mined from the Qualita Corpus dataset with 10 systems mined from GitHub. In total, we analyzed 1,789 agglomerations in 30 software projects, from both repositories: Qualita Corpus and GitHub. We rely on frequent itemset mining and non-parametric hypothesis testing for our analysis.
Results.
Agglomerations formed by two or more Feature Envy smells have a significant frequency in the source code for both repositories. Agglomerations formed by different smell types impact the modularity more than classes with only one smell type and classes without smells. For some metrics, when Large Class appears alone, it has a significant and large impact when compared to classes that have two or more method-level smells of the same type.
Conclusion.
We have identified which agglomerations are more frequent in the source code, and how they may impact the code modularity. Consequently, we provide supporting evidence of which agglomerations developers should refactor to improve the code modularity.
StochGradAdam: Accelerating Neural Networks Training with Stochastic Gradient Sampling
Authors: Yun Juyoung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the rapidly advancing domain of deep learning optimization, this paper unveils the StochGradAdam optimizer, a novel adaptation of the well-regarded Adam algorithm. Central to StochGradAdam is its gradient sampling technique. This method not only ensures stable convergence but also leverages the advantages of selective gradient consideration, fostering robust training by potentially mitigating the effects of noisy or outlier data and enhancing the exploration of the loss landscape for more dependable convergence. In both image classification and segmentation tasks, StochGradAdam has demonstrated superior performance compared to the traditional Adam optimizer. By judiciously sampling a subset of gradients at each iteration, the optimizer is optimized for managing intricate models. The paper provides a comprehensive exploration of StochGradAdam's methodology, from its mathematical foundations to bias correction strategies, heralding a promising advancement in deep learning training techniques.
Intergeneric hybrid origin of the serious invasive tetraploid Cirsium vulgare
Authors: Bureš Petr , Guacchio Emanuele Del , Šmerda Jakub , Özcan Melahat , Blizňáková Petra , Vavrinec Martin , Michálková Ester , Veselý Pavel , Veselá Kristýna , Zedek František 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Premise: The invasive tetraploid Cirsium vulgare hybridizes with both Cirsium and Lophiolepis. Its conflicting position in molecular phylogenies, and its peculiar combination of morphological, anatomical, and genomic features that are alternatively shared with representatives of Cirsium or Lophiolepis, strongly suggest its intergeneric hybrid origin.
Methods: Genetic relationships of C. vulgare (8 samples) with genus Lophiolepis (11 species) and other representatives of genus Cirsium (12 species) were evaluated using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and examined using analytical or imaging approaches such as NeighborNet, Heatmap, and STRUCTURE to identify genomic nuclear genome admixture. Estimation of the intensity of spontaneous hybridization within and between Cirsium and Lophiolepis was based on herbarium revisions and a recherche of all reported hybrids pertinent to taxa currently included in Cirsium or Lophiolepis.
Key results: The genome of any examined Cirsium species is more similar to C. vulgare than to any Lophiolepis species, and vice versa. The nuclear genome of tetraploid C. vulgare is composed of two equivalent parts, each attributable either to Lophiolepis or to Cirsium; the organellar RADseq data clustered C. vulgare with the genus Cirsium. Spontaneous hybridization between Cirsium and Lophiolepis is significantly less intensive than within these genera.
Conclusions: Our analyses provide compelling evidence that the invasive species C. vulgare arose by an allotetraploid intergeneric origin with the maternal parent from Cirsium and the paternal from Lophiolepis. For the purpose of delimiting monophyletic genera, we propose to keep Lophiolepis separated from Cirsium and to segregate C. vulgare into the hybridogenous genus Ascalea.
Adsorptive removal of methyl orange dye in aqueous solutions using calix[4]arene-modified lead sulphide: insight into response surface methodology, isotherm and kinetic studies
Authors: Rosly Nor Zida , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Kamarudin Mazliana Ahmad , Ashari Siti Efliza , Ainliah Alang Ahmad Shahrul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The present study reports the adsorptive potential of an alternative and regenerative adsorbent, lead sulphide (PbS) modified with calix[4]arene towards a methyl orange (MO) dye solution. The chemical and morphological aspects of synthesised PbS nanoparticles and calix[4]arene-modified PbS were analysed by FESEM, EDX and FTIR, which indicated successful immobilisation of calix[4]arene on the PbS surface. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on central composite design (CCD), was conducted to evaluate the significant factors and to optimise the influence of various factors (adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH) on the adsorption of MO. Under optimal conditions (pH of 4, a dosage of 89.70 mg and a contact time of 129.76 min), the maximum adsorption of MO by calix[4]arene-modified PbS was observed. The MO uptake behaviour was well described by the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a multilayer chemical adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 3.268 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism of MO dye on the surface of calix[4]arene-modified PbS can be attributed to various interactions such as dipole–dipole hydrogen bonding interactions, Yoshida hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions and electrostatic interaction. The results strongly demonstrated the use of novel adsorbents, calix[4]arene-modified PbS and a reusability strategy as an alternative adsorbent in MO dye removal.
Separation of binary and ternary oil/water mixtures from a highly hydrophobic metal mesh
Authors: Wu Weibin , Zhang Hang , Qiao Zhuangzhuang , Cai Xiaomei , Liao Guiling , Lei Tingping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A highly hydrophobic metal mesh has great potential for its application in oil/water separation due to its special wettability. However, most current oil/water separation devices are simple with limited separation capacity. A separation device based on a highly hydrophobic metal mesh was constructed for different types of oil/water mixtures. Experimental results show that the device not only can be used for the continuous separation of binary oil/water mixtures of any density ratios but also can realize the simultaneous separation of heavy oil/water/light oil ternary mixtures. This achievement is meaningful for practical applications, which will gain great interest in the future.
Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Disorders Associated to Major Depressive
Disorder: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Manosso Luana M. , Duarte Luciano A. , Martinello Nicoly S. , Mathia Gisiane B. , Réus Gislaine Z. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mood disorder. While much progress has
been made in understanding the pathophysiology of MDD, no single mechanism can explain all
facets of this disorder. Several studies show that disturbances in biological rhythms can lead to the
development of MDD. Indeed, insomnia or hypersomnia are symptoms included in the MDD diagnostic
criteria. Clinical studies and meta-analyses showed a strong relationship between MDD and
sleep disorders. Sleep disorder and MDD are associated with activation in the hypothalamicpituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammation. The increase in inflammatory response can activate
the kynurenine pathway, decrease serotonin synthesis, and affect other factors involved in the pathophysiology
of neuropsychiatric conditions. Moreover, sleep disorders and MDD can change the gut
microbiota and alter the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Thus, this review discusses the relationship
between MDD, circadian rhythms, and sleep disorders, describing the potential pathophysiological
mechanism shared in these conditions. In addition, therapeutic opportunities based on antiinflammatory,
antioxidant, HPA axis regulatory, and synapse-modulating actions are raised. For the
article search, we used the PubMed database. Both sleep disorders and changes in biological
rhythms have a bidirectional relationship with MDD. Although some pathophysiological mechanisms,
including inflammation, changes in the gut microbiota, and decreased neuroplasticity, may
be involved in the relationship between sleep, circadian rhythms, and MDD, other mechanisms are
not yet well understood. Therapeutic opportunities based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, HPA
regulatory axis, and synapse modulating actions appear to be promising targets in preventing MDD,
circadian rhythm disturbances, and sleep disorders.
Specific Primer Designing for Quantitative PCR (qPCR) of Entomopathogenic Fungi Isaria fumosorosea from Soil Samples
Authors: Saragih Syaiful Amri , Takemoto Shuhei , Sato Hiroaki , Kamata Naoto 
Published: October 2023

Entomopathogenic fungi are important component for regulation of pests in ecosystem. Isaria fumosorosea, as one of the entomopathogenic fungi, was reported to successfully controlled the outbreaks of forest defoliators attacked larch (Larix kaempferi) plantation in Furano, Japan and beech (Fagus crenata) forest in Hachimantai, Japan. Instead of semi-cultured method, in this paper, a culture-independent method based on DNA using qPCR was developed for specific detection and quantification of I. fumosorosea directly from soil DNA extract using specific primer. The primer IFU5821F/IFU6061R was designed and found to be the best primer pair for I. fumosorosea. Standard soil DNA was obtained with strong relationship and good fitting with five levels (R2= 0.989, E = 0.58). I. fumosorosea could not be detected from all soil samples which was possibility caused by low density of the fungi. The qPCR was likely a rapid and specific method to detect the fungus from soil.
Satisfacción con la enseñanza online en estudiantes universitarios: análisis estructural de una escala
Authors: Manrique-Millones Denisse , Lingán-Huamán Susana K. , Dominguez-Lara Sergio 
Published: October 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la estructura interna y confiabilidad de la Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) en estudiantes universitarios peruanos. Participaron 458 estudiantes (mujeres = 69.9 %; Medad = 27.76 años; DEedad = 4.41 años). La SSS se estudió bajo el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y el modelamiento exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales (ESEM). Respecto a los resultados, el modelo original de cinco dimensiones obtuvo índices de ajuste favorables con ESEM, pero las dimensiones interacciones alumno-profesor e interacciones alumno-alumno se superponen entre sí, por lo que se valoró un modelo de cuatro dimensiones que presentó mejores evidencias psicométricas. La confiabilidad de las puntuaciones y de constructo presenta magnitudes aceptables. Se concluye que el SSS cuenta con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas.
EDUCAÇÃO MERCADORIA? EMPRESARIAMENTO? DEFENSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO COMO DIREITO PÚBLICO, UNI-VOS!
Authors: Colares Anselmo , IMBIRIBA SOUSA COLARES MARIA LÍLIA 
Published: October 2023

A educação como direito público que se consolidou a partir das lutas políticas da classe trabalhadora está seriamente ameaçada nesta fase do capitalismo financeiro. Como resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica demonstramos que a grave crise estrutural somada aos problemas decorrentes da conjuntura de crise sanitária e política no Brasil levou à intensificação das investidas sobre a educação, entendida como mercadoria à disposição de grupos empresariais que controlam os processos de oferta de serviços e produtos, precarizando o trabalho e promovendo o desmonte de políticas públicas.
Palavras-chave: empresariamento na educação; financeirização; educação como mercadoria.
Penentuan Kandungan Etanol dalam Makanan dan Minuman Fermentasi Tradisional Menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Gas
Authors: Hermanto Dhony 
Published: October 2023

Determination of alcohol content in food and beverage is needed for halal verification. Ethanol content in various food and beverage traditional products from fermentation was determined using the gas chromatography method with ethanol as standart and n-buthanol as internal standart. As comparison, measurement using alcohol meter were conducted. The GC measurement result were also compared with alcohol content printed on the packaging (value declared by the producer). The result showed that linear range in ethanol concentration was 1-10% with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9984, indicated that GC has excellent linearity. Limit of detection was 0,5 ng, coefficient variance (CV) was ≤ 2%, accuracy (K) was ≤ 5% and recovery was > 2%, indicated that GC method has high sensitivity, accuracy, validity and recovery. Alcohol content in beer samples listed in the packaging was confirmed with GC measurement results. Anova test results showed that the GC methods with alcohol meter methods did not differ significantly so that the GC and alcohol meter methods can be used as a good alternative in determining the ethanol content in fermented foods and beverages as a support in halal verification.
Formulasi pasta gigi hidroksiapatit dari limbah tulang ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus guttatus)
Authors: Hernawan Aldi dwi , Anggresani Lia , Meirista Indri 
Published: October 2023

Provinsi Jambi memiliki 45% permasalahan gigi dan mulut. Permasalahan gigi dan mulut dapat dicegah dengan cara menyikat gigi dua kali sehari menggunakan pasta gigi. Pasta gigi diformulasikan menggunakan hidroksiapatit (HAp) yang berasal dari limbah tulang ikan tenggiri yang memiliki unsur utama kalsium. Metode Tulang ikan tenggiri direndam dengan NaOH dan aseton. Selanjutnya dilakukan kalsinasi pada suhu 800°C hingga didapatkan bubuk CaO. Bubuk ini dianalisa dengan XRF untuk mendapatkan oksida logamnya. CaO direaksikan dengan (NH4)2HPO4 dengan mol Ca/P 1,67 kedua larutan dicampurkan dan dipanaskan 90°C selama 1 jam. pH diatur hingga 12 dengan menambahkan NaOH. Selanjutnya dilakukan kalsinasi pada suhu 900°C. Selanjutnya bubuk dianalisa XRD dan SEM. Hidroksiapatit (HAp) diformulasikan menjadi pasta gigi dengan konsentrasi 45%, 50% dan 55%. Pasta gigi dievaluasi organoleptis, homogenitas, ketinggian busa,daya sebar,pH serta hedonik. Hasil analisa XRF didapatkan senyawa CaO sebanyak 49,911 %. Hasil analisa XRD pada mol Ca/P 1.67 didapatkan senyawa hidroksiapatit (HAp) yang sesuai dengan standar ICSD No 96-900-1234. Semua pasta gigi yang diformulasikan memenuhi persyaratan pasta gigi yang baik. Hidroksiapatit (HAp) dapat diformulasikan menjadi pasta gigi dengan konsentrasi yang baik adalah 45%.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Giving Question and Getting Answer untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa PPKN di Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Putri Wanda oktalia , Anderson Irzal , Doa Restuti Putri 
Published: October 2023

Penerapan model pembelajaran yang kurang efektif dan inovatif dapat menyebabkan rendahnya aktivitas belajar siswa, sehingga diperlukan model pembelajaran yang mampu memotivasi siswa untuk meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran khususnya pada pembelajaran PPKn. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas belajar siswa kelas V semester genap setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran question and getting answer. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua Siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V yang terdiri dari 25 orang siswa, sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah hasil keaktifan belajar siswa. Data hasil belajar siswa dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi pada setiap akhir siklus. Data yang telah dikumpulkan tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan keaktifan belajar peserta didik terlihat dari hasil observasi pada siklus I keaktifan belajar peserta didik 55%. Meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 85,24% kategori sangat baik (A). Berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan tindakan yang diberikan melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Giving Question and Getting Answer berhasil dalam meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa di SDN 78/I Teluk Ketapang, Kecamatan Pemayung, Kabupaten Batanghari
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA SRITABAANG KECAMATAN BOLANO KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG
Authors: Pertiwi Dewa Ayu Putu , Lamusa Arifuddin , Malik Shintami R. 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan dan tingkat kelayakan usahatani padi sawah di Desa Sritabaang. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive). Penentuan responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sampel acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling). Penentuan jumlah sample dalam penentuan ini menggunakan rumus slovin dengan jumlah sample yang di ambil sebanyak 28 KK dari 125 KK petani padi sawah dengan tingkat kesalahan sebesar 15%. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis pendapatan (π) dan analisis kelayakan (R/C). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan petani responden di Desa Sritabaang selama satu kali musim tanam yaitu sebesar Rp. 20.086.039/1,34 ha/MT atau 14.997.576 ha/MT. Hasil analisis R/C yang di peroleh sebesar 1,93 yang artinya bahwa setiap pengeluaran sebesar Rp. 1 akan memperoleh penerimaan sebesar Rp. 1,93 dan hasil dari analisis tersebut juga menunjukan bahwa usahatani padi sawah di Desa Sritabaang layak untuk diusahakan.
Pengembangan Wayang Digital Untuk Menguatkan Karakter Cinta Budaya Daerah Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Fahad Ainun Najib  , Nurbiana Dhieni  , Nurjannah  
Published: October 2023

Budaya daerah memiliki kekayaan yang perlu diperhatikan dan ditangani secara cermat, terutama dalam memasuki perkembangan era globalisasi. Pentingnya keberadaan budaya daerah, karena unsur-unsur budaya dalam kenyataannya memberi andil yang sangat besar bagi pembentukan jati diri bangsa. Budaya yang sangat beragam di Indonesia dapat dijadikan media sebagai penyampaian pendidikan karakter kepada anak.
Globalisasi selain berpengaruh terhadap eksistensi budaya pertukaran informasi antar negara yang tidak terkontrol menyebabkan tergerusnya rasa cinta akan budaya sendiri, salah satunya yaitu kesenian wayang. Hal ini merupakan acaman dalam masa depan, oleh sebab itu harus ditanamkan karakter cinta budaya daerah kepada anak agar dapat mempertahankan dan mengenali budaya bangsa sendiri. Globalisasi harus dimanfaatkan kedalam budaya di Indonesia, dengan adanya globalisasi seharusnya kebudayaan di Indonesia lebih mudah diketahui dan diperkenalkan kepada generasi penerus, contohnya menggunakan kanal video online Youtube/Youtube Kids. Pengembangan digitalisasi akan menggunakan model ADDIE (1) Analize,(2) Design,(3) Development,(4) Implementation,(5) Evaluation.
Experience in conducting tax amnesty in developing countries before the introduction of automatic exchange of tax information
Authors: Muzyka-Stefanchuk O. , Masyakin I. 
Published: October 2023

The author provides a detailed overview of an article that examines tax amnesty programs within the framework of international tax initiatives like the BEPS Action Plan and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS). The article argues that the integration of these global initiatives and domestic tax amnesties has complex and far-reaching implications for taxpayer behavior, government revenue, and fiscal policy at large. The key themes of the article focus on global tax initiatives, the effectiveness of tax amnesties, the criteria for a successful amnesty program, and their ethical and social implications. The article underscores the transformative role of global frameworks like CRS and BEPS in tax enforcement, pointing to unprecedented levels of transparency and international cooperation. While the short-term revenue boosts from tax amnesties are acknowledged, the article argues that the long-term impacts of these programs on tax compliance and fiscal integrity are less certain. This makes the article’s detailed set of conditions for an effective tax amnesty program particularly valuable for policymakers. The ethical and social implications of tax amnesties are also explored, emphasizing that public trust is crucial for the success of these programs.
In terms of methodology, the article combines qualitative analysis with empirical data, such as the OECD survey conducted in 2015, to build its arguments. Its comprehensive approach integrates perspectives from economics, law, and political science, making the findings relevant for a broad audience.
In conclusion, the article is a significant contribution to the growing body of literature on tax policy and international cooperation. It offers a nuanced understanding of how domestic tax amnesties interact synergistically with global tax initiatives to impact compliance and revenue collection.