bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteins reacting with anti‐spectrin antibodies are present in Chlamydomonas cells.
Authors: Lorenz Michal , Bisikirska Brygida , Hanus‐Lorenz Beata , Strzalka Kazimierz , Sikorski Aleksander F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt was found either in Western‐blot analysis or in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy that cells of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contain polypeptides cross‐reacting with antibodies directed against red blood cell spectrin. The protein could also be detected by immunoprecipitation with anti‐spectrin antibodies. C. reinhardtii cells contain distinct polypeptide chains reacting with antibodies directed against either α‐ or β‐spectrin subunits. This protein was extracted from the cells with low ionic strength solution but was not with nonionic detergent.
COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS AND CELL GROWTH IN CHICK EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS: INFLUENCE OF COLCHICINE, CYTOCHALASIN B AND CONCANAVALIN A
Authors: BODO M. , CARINCI P. , BARONI T. , BECCHETTI E. , BELLUCCI C. , PEZZETTI F. , GIAMMARIOLI M. , STABELLINI G. , ARENA N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCulturing of chick embryo fibroblasts in the presence of colchicine or cytochalasin B with and without concanavalin A (Con A) demonstrated that colchicine induces greater neosynthesis of endocellular type I collagen, whereas cytochalasin B boosts secretion. The effects are modified by the addition of Con A, which increases α2more than a1 chain production.3H‐thymidine incorporation is unaffected by cytochalasin B, but stimulated by colchicine. Con A neutralizes the stimulatory action of colchicine. It would therefore seem that Con A exerts transmembrane control of effects induced by colchicine and cytochalasin B by binding to cell surface receptors and so triggering rearrangement of the cytoskeleton.
NECROSIS OF LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS BY FILARIAL PARASITIC PROTEIN VIA AN EARLY INDUCTION OF c‐H‐rasAND TNFα EXPRESSION
Authors: MAYA A. , JAYARAMAN K. , BALAKRISHNAN A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe direct interaction of filarial proteins with lung epithelial cells was examined to determine the possible mechanism of inducing cell death, an event that is observed in patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Exposure of lung epithelial cells to filarial parasitic proteins,Brugia malayi(BmA),Setaria digitata(Sd), and recombinant filarial protein (pGT 7)in vitrofor more than 2 days, causes the appearance of DNA fragments both in the cytoplasm and culture supernatants, while no fragmentation was observed in the untreated controls. The release of DNA fragments both in the cytoplasm and the culture supernatants simultaneously, indicates that cell death is induced by a necrotic event rather than apoptosis. Fluorescent‐labelled studies also indicate the fragmentation of DNA increasing in a time‐dependent manner. Normal cellular function is controlled through several oncogenes. The modulation of specific proto‐oncogenes like myc, ras and TNFα during exposure to filarial parasitic proteins reveal elevated levels of expression of ras and TNFα as early as 2 hours, implicating their involvement prior to DNA fragmentation leading to pathogenesis.
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AT 835 MHz ON GROWTH, MORPHOLOGY AND SECRETORY CHARACTERISTICS OF A MAST CELL ANALOGUE, RBL‐2H3
Authors: DONNELLAN M. , McKENZIE D. R. , FRENCH P. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA mast cell line, RBL‐2H3, was exposed to 835MHz for 20 minutes, three times per day for 7 days at a power density of 8.1±3mW/cm2From day 4 onwards, it was observed that the rate of DNA synthesis and cell replication increased, that actin distribution and cell morphology became altered, and the amount of β‐hexosaminidase (a marker of granule secretion) released in response to a calcium ionophore was significantly enhanced, in comparison to unexposed cultures. There were no effects seen on levels of cytoskeletal protein synthesis or of beta‐actin mRNA. Morphological changes persisted following subculture for at least 7 days in the absence of further exposure. It is hypothesized that effects of exposure to an electromagnetic field at 835MHz may be mediated via a signal transduction pathway.
EXPRESSION OF THE TESTIS‐SPECIFIC HSP70‐RELATED GENE (HST70 GENE) IN SOMATIC NON‐TESTICULAR RAT TISSUES REVEALED BY RT‐PCR AND TRANSGENIC MICE ANALYSIS
Authors: ŚCIEGLIŃSKA DOROTA , WIDŁAK WIESŁAWA , RUSIN MAREK , MARKKULA MERJA , KRAWCZYK ZDZISŁAW 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe hst70 gene which belongs to rat HSP70 multigene family is highly expressed in pachytene spermatocytes. Using a transgenic mice model it was found that the promoter of the rat hst70 gene directs the expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene not only to testis but also to multiple somatic tissues. In wild‐type rats the expression of the hst70 gene in tissues other than testis was confirmed by non‐quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. Beside the testis, the CAT expression in transgenic mice and the hst70 gene transcripts in wild‐type rats were found in brain, pituitary, epididymis, vas deferens, adrenals, spleen, lung, ovary, oviduct and uterus. The only tissue in which both the CAT expression and the hst70 gene activity has not been found was the liver. These observations suggest possibly more universal, not confined to spermatogenesis, function of the hst70 gene.
EFFECT OF ANTISENSE hTERT mRNA OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE ON TELOMERASE ACTIVITY OF LEUKEMIC CELLS
Authors: Zhang Y. , He D. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of antisense hTERT mRNA oligodeoxynucleotide on telomerase activity of leukemia cells was explored and investigated in the present study. Telomerase activity was measured by the telomerase PCR ELISA assay kit (TRAP); hTERT mRNA expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay and gel‐image system, hTERT protein by immunochemistry and flowcytometry. Results showed Incubation of leukemic cells (HL‐60 and K562 cell lines) with 10μmol/l AS PS‐ODN would significantly reduce the their mRNA levels and in vitro expression of hTERT protein 24h later, so that the telomerase activity would be significantly down‐regulated or inhibited. In conlusion, the hTERT AS PS‐ODN is an excellent inhibitor for telomerase activity.
ORGANIZATION OF HIGHER‐LEVEL CHROMATIN STRUCTURES (CHROMOMERE, CHROMONEMA AND CHROMATIN BLOCK) EXAMINED USING VISIBLE LIGHT‐INDUCED CHROMATIN PHOTO‐STABILIZATION
Authors: Sheval E. V. , Prusov A. N. , Kireev I. I. , Fais D. , Polyakov V. Yu. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe method of chromatin photo‐stabilization by the action of visible light in the presence of ethidium bromide was used for investigation of higher‐level chromatin structures in isolated nuclei. As a model we used rat hepatocyte nuclei isolated in buffers which stabilized or destabilized nuclear matrix. Several higher‐level chromatin structures were visualized: 100nm globules—chromomeres, chains of chromomeres—chromonemata, aggregates of chromomeres—blocks of condensed chromatin. All these structures were completely destroyed by 2M NaCl extraction independent of the matrix state, and DNA was extruded from the residual nuclei (nuclear matrices) into a halo. These results show that nuclear matrix proteins do not play the main role in the maintenance of higher‐level chromatin structures. Preliminary irradiation led to the reduction of the halo width in the dose‐dependent manner. In regions of condensed chromatin of irradiated nucleoids there were discrete complexes consisting of DNA fibers radiating from an electron‐dense core and resembling the decondensed chromomeres or the rosette‐like structures. As shown by the analysis of proteins bound to irradiated nuclei upon high‐salt extraction, irradiation presumably stabilized the non‐histone proteins. These results suggest that in interphase nuclei loop domains are folded into discrete higher‐level chromatin complexes (chromomeres). These complexes are possibly maintained by putative non‐histone proteins, which are extracted with high‐salt buffers from non‐irradiated nuclei.
SIMPLE SEPARATION OF CHICKEN GONADAL PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS WITH AND WITHOUT FOREIGN GENES
Authors: Jeong Dong Kee , Hong Yeong Ho , Han Jae Yong 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSimplicity is the key element of an inexpensive technique described that is superior in performance to previous methods. It can make it the rapid method of choice to obtain reasonable yields of purified primordial germ cells (PGCs) for immediate production of germline chimeric chickens with integrated foreign genes. After Ficoll centrifugation, the purity of PGCs from gonads was 80.9±0.08% (mechanical) compared with 86.1±0.19% (enzymatic). GFP gene and lacZ‐transduced chicken gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs) examined 72h after transduction had a transfection efficiency of ∼61% and ∼64%, respectively. After 10 days of G418 selection, approximately 90 and 92% of pure gPGCs did not contain other cells following this Ficoll gradient centrifugation method of preparation.
Cetradonia, a New Genus in the New Family Cetradoniaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)
Authors: Wei Jiang-chun , Ahti Teuvo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA taxonomic revision of the lichen genus Gymnoderma Nyl. sensu Yoshimura & Sharp (Cladoniaceae) based on an integrative analysis of polyphasic characters supports the segregation of a new genus Cetradonia J.-C.Wei & Ahti in a new family Cetradoniaceae J.-C.Wei & Ahti. The monotypic genus and family are based on Cladonia linearis Evans. In addition, two species are recognized in genus Neophyllis F. Wilson and two species are retained in the genus Gymnoderma Nyl. of the Cladoniaceae.
Stereocaulon Cumulatum Comb, nov., Another Crustose Species in the Genus
Authors: Timdal E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe new combination Stereocaulon cumulatum (Sommerf.) Timdal is made for the northern Eurasian and Greenlandic, arctic-alpine, terricolous lichen presently known as Toninia cumulate (Sommerf.) Th. Fr.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoenvironments of Chalco Lake, Central Mexico
Authors: Lozano-Garcı́a Maria Socorro , Ortega-Guerrero Beatriz , Caballero-Miranda Margarita , Urrutia-Fucugauchi Jaime 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to establish paleoenvironmental conditions during the late Quaternary, four cores from the Basin of Mexico (central Mexico) were drilled in Chalco Lake, located in the southeastern part of the basin. The upper 8 m of two parallel cores were studied, using paleomagnetic, loss-on-ignition, pollen, and diatom analyses. Based on 11 14C ages, the analyzed record spans the last 19,000 14C yr B.P. Volcanic activity has affected microfossil abundances, both directly and indirectly, resulting in absence or reduction of pollen and diatom assemblages. Important volcanic activity took place between 19,000 and 15,000 yr B.P. when the lake was a shallow alkaline marsh and an increase of grassland pollen suggests a dry, cold climate. During this interval, abrupt environmental changes with increasing moisture occurred. From 15,000 until 12,500 yr B.P. the lake level increased and the pollen indicates wetter conditions. The highest lake level is registered from 12,500 to ca. 9000 yr B.P. The end of the Pleistocene is characterized by an increase in humidity. From 9000 until ca. 3000 yr B.P. Chalco Lake was a saline marsh and the pollen record indicates warmer conditions. After 3000 yr B.P. the lake level increased and human disturbance dominates the lacustrine record.
Relative Dating of Terraces of the Owens River, Northern Owens Valley, California, and Correlation with Moraines of the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Pinter Nicholas , Keller Edward A. , West Robert B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the northern Owens Valley, the Owens River has cut and preserved three terraces uplifted above its modern floodplain. We have analyzed soils and used other relative-dating techniques in order to differentiate the terrace surfaces, to correlate from the terraces to moraines of the eastern Sierra Nevada, and to test the effects of relief and climatic differences on relative-dating results. Most of the relative-dating techniques attempted were successful in differentiating the terraces of the Owens River sequence. In addition, weathering rinds, soil descriptions, and an early Holocene14C date for the youngest terrace support correlation of the three terrace levels with the three post-Sherwin-age glacial stages (Tioga, Tahoe, and pre-Tahoe) found in nearby canyons of the Sierra Nevada. Other relative-dating techniques that are commonly employed, however, suggest distinct differences between the terrace and moraine sequences. These differences probably reflect the difference in relief, such that slow erosion of the moraine crests may have retarded soil development relative to the flat terrace surfaces and altered surface-weathering processes. Use of relative-dating analyses to correlate between dissimilar geomorphic systems requires caution but use of a broad range of techniques and absolute-age calibration may make correlation possible.
High-Resolution Paleotemperature Proxy Record for the Last Interglaciation Based on Norwegian Speleothems
Authors: Lauritzen Stein-Erik 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo speleothems from a coastal lowland and an alpine cave site in northern Norway grew in isotopic equilibrium during Termination II and marine isotope stage 5 (150,000-80,000 yr B.P.), as dated by the U-series technique. The stable isotope record (δ18O, δ13C) displays a time resolution down to ∼20 yr. The δ18Oc signal in the two speleothems appears to be mainly dominated by the meteoric signal; i.e., there is a positive relationship between δ18Oc and temperature [∂(δ18Oc/∂T > 0]. The FM-2 couplet, a Younger Dryas type two-step structure in Termination II at 132,000 ± 5000 and 129,000 ± 5000 yr is prominent in the speleothem record. The record correlates well with details and gross features of the GRIP ice core and confirms the time scale and the unstable climate proposed for substage 5e. The isotopic response in Termination II is delayed relative to the Devil's Hole record and is in accord with the SPECMAP chronology, but cooling at the end of substage 5e seems to be synchronous between Devil's Hole and the Norwegian flowstones.
Was There a Pliocene-Pleistocene Fluvial-Lacustrine Connection between Death Valley and the Colorado River?
Authors: Brown William J. , Rosen Michael R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince the turn of the century, a Pliocene-Pleistocene connection between the Death Valley-Owens River pluvial system and the Colorado River drainage basin has been frequently postulated. The two most commonly proposed routes involve (1) a southward overflow from the Death Valley Lake system or (2) southward migration of the Mojave River between its present course and a more southerly route. Under the present topographic regime, a Death Valley Lake capable of overflowing the bedrock saddle at Ludlow, California and discharging southward into the Bristol, Cadiz, and Danby Lake basins (and eventually the Colorado River) would be over 12,000 km2 in size. Few surface and subsurface indicators exist to support either a fluvial or lacustrine connection. Evidence from deep cores and boreholes drilled in Soda, Bristol, Cadiz, and Danby dry lake basins indicate that a hydrologic connection has not occurred during the past 4 myr. No well-documented paleoshoreline features have been located at elevations corresponding to the above hydrologic systems in Death Valley, Silver-Soda, Bristol, or Danby Lake basins. In the Cadiz, Silurian, and Broadwell basins these features have not been found at all. Therefore, we conclude that a hydrologic connection between the Death Valley-Owens River system and the Colorado River has not occurred along either of these routes since the middle Pliocene.
Stability of Wood Anatomy of Living and Holocene Thuja occidentalis L. Derived from Exposed and Submerged Portions of the Niagara Escarpment
Authors: Larson Douglas W. , Melville Lewis 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMillennium-long tree-ring chronologies have recently been derived fromThuja occidentalis L. growing on the exposed cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment, Canada. Lengthening of these chronologies may be possible by incorporating tree-ring series from subaerially exposed and submerged subfossil wood, provided that its anatomy is not significantly influenced by time or treatment. In order to determine if Holocene-age samples would be suitable for incorporation into very long tree-ring chronologies, a study was undertaken comparing wood structure of living trees, dead trees exposed to the air during the late Holocene, and dead trees submerged since the early Holocene. The results show that the impact of time and environment on wood anatomy is considerably less than expected. The anatomy of annual rings in Holocene trees is similar to that found in modern specimens. High magnification scanning electron micrographs show that tracheid walls lose their rectangular appearance after 8000 yr, but few other signs of deterioration are present. The results mean that Holocene wood can be used to add to the long dendrochronological record that has already been produced from the Niagara Escarpment.
What are X-Machines?
Authors: Holcombe Mike 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
X-machines were introduced by S. Eilenberg in 1974 ([Eil74]) as a mathematical framework for examining the relationships between languages and automata. The X-machine definition provided a very general concept that captured in a simple and elegant way a wide variety of existing models and their computational behaviour. Thus finite state machines, pushdown automata and Turing machines all provided different examples of X-machines obtained by varying some of the components of the X-machine's definition.
Demonstrating the Cognitive Plausibility of Interactive System Specifications
Authors: Butterworth Richard , Blandford Ann , Duke David 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
Much of the behaviour of an interactive system is determined by its user population. This paper describes how assumptions about the user can be brought into system models in order to reason about their behaviour. We describe a system model containing reasonable assumptions about the user as being ‘cognitively plausible’. Before asserting the plausibility of a model however we must first be able to make the assumptions made in that model inspectable.

There is a tension between the inspectability of user assumptions and the tractability of models; inspectable models tend to not be very tractable and
vice versa
. We describe how we can get round this tension, by deriving tractable models from explicit user assumptions. The resulting models may not of themselves be very inspectable to human-factors workers, but the process by which they are derived is inspectable. Hence we claim that we can have both tractability and inspectability. We exemplify our claims using a simple cognitive model and ‘Meeting Maker’, an interactive electronic diary system.
A Nitpick Analysis of Mobile IPv6
Authors: Jackson Daniel , Ng Yu-Chung , Wing Jeannette 
Published: October 2002

Abstract.
A lightweight formal method enables partial specification and automatic analysis by sacrificing breadth of coverage and expressive power. NP is a specification language that is a subset of Z, and Nitpick is a tool that quickly and automatically checks properties of finite models of systems specified in NP. We used NP to state two critical acyclicity properties of Mobile IPv6, a new internetworking protocol that allows mobile hosts to communicate with each other. In our Nitpick analysis of Mobile IPv6 we discovered a design flaw: one of the acyclicity properties does not hold. It takes only two hosts to exhibit this flaw. This paper gives self-contained overviews of Mobile IPv6 and of NP and Nitpick sufficient to understand the details of our specification and analysis.
Lymph node staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with and without neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy: Histomorphologic analysis
Authors: Schröder Wolfgang , Baldus Stephan E. , Mönig Stefan P. , Beckurts Tobias K. E. , Dienes Hans P. , Hölscher Arnulf H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, the preoperative clinical staging of the N category is primarily based on the lymph node size. Lymph nodes >10 mm are considered to be tumor‐infiltrated. This histopathologic study investigated the correlation of lymph node size and metastatic infiltration in esophageal carcinoma of patients with and without neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. The specimens of 40 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were included in a prospective morphometric study. Half of these patients (n=20) received preoperative radiochemotherapy. The number of resected lymph nodes were counted, and the largest diameter of each node was measured. Metastatic involvement of each node was analyzed by histologic examination. The frequency of lymph node metastases was calculated and correlated to the lymph node size. A total of 1196 lymph nodes with an average of 29.9 nodes per patient were resected and analyzed; 129 lymph nodes (10.8%) showed metastatic infiltration. The average size of 1067 tumor‐free lymph nodes was 5.1±3.8 mm in maximum diameter, whereas the average size of 129 metastatic lymph nodes was 6.7±4.2 mm (p=0.00006). Of all resected lymph nodes, 761 (63.6%) were ≤5 mm in maximum diameter. Only 9.3% (n=111) of all resected lymph nodes were >10 mm in maximum diameter. There was no significant correlation between lymph node size and the frequency of nodal metastases. No difference in size could be demonstrated between patients with and without neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Diagnostic imaging techniques using size as the criterion of nodal infiltration cannot exactly assess the nodal status of patients with esophageal carcinoma. This is also true for patients after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Therefore, evaluation of the nodal status in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is entirely based on pathohistologic analysis after a well defined lymphadenectomy.