bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of the MSLN‐deficient Thymus Generates MSLN Epitope Reactive T Cells to Attenuate Tumor Progression
Authors: Gao Hanchao , Wu Haiyan , Ning Lvwen , Zhou Liying , Cao Mengtao , Huang Wenting , Xie Xihong , Wu Haidong , Chen Xiehui , Chen Feiqiang , Song Jinqi , Deng Kai , Chen Pengfei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of mesothelin (MSLN) epitope reactive T cells is observed in mice that are immunized with the MSLN vaccine. Engineered T cells expressing MSLN‐reactive high‐affinity TCR exhibit extraordinary therapeutic effects for invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a mouse model. However, the generation of MSLN‐reactive T cells through the introduction of MSLN‐deficient thymus and the transplantation of the latter as a cure for cancer treatment have not been tested to date. In the present study, the expression of MSLN was mainly identified in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) but not in hematopoietic cells, cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs), endothelial cells, or fibroblast cells in the thymus. The increasement of activated T cells was observed in MSLN‐expressing tumors from MSLN‐deficient mice, indicating that MSLN‐reactive T cells had developed. Finally, in an AOM‐DSS‐induced mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC), transplantation of MSLN‐deficient thymus repressed the progression of CRC, accompanied by an increased number of IFNγ‐expressing T lymphocytes in the tumors. The data from this study demonstrated that ectopic transplantation of MSLN‐deficient thymus induced MSLN‐specific antitumor responses to MSLN‐expressing tumors, and thus attenuated tumor progression.
Paediatricians' Perspectives Surrounding Identification and Management of Early Childhood Disorders in the United States
Authors: Brener Samantha , Wright Anna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics has released and twice revised guidelines tasking paediatricians with screening children for developmental disorders, but diagnoses are often delayed. Paediatricians in the United States are also responsible for referring patients with identified concerns for services and for managing their long‐term care.ObjectivesThis review aims to chronologically synthesize available literature about paediatricians' perspectives surrounding their roles in identifying and managing early childhood disorders and to identify how future interventions can best address these perspectives.MethodsEarly childhood disorders (ECDs) were defined as developmental delays and autism spectrum disorder. A literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar. Surveys, interviews, focus groups and analyses of paediatricians' perspectives on their roles in identifying and managing children with ECDs were included if they were performed in the United States and published in a peer‐reviewed journal in or after 2001. Literature was reviewed and analysed by sorting key findings into categories of ‘knowledge’, ‘attitudes’ and ‘confidence’, then organizing chronologically within each category.ResultsOf the 122 publications identified, 19 were selected and reviewed, revealing some overlying themes. First, paediatricians desire more training on ECDs, especially in assisting with navigation of intervention programs. Second, negative attitudes towards roles in identifying and managing ECDs have remained relatively consistent since 2001. Third, paediatricians' confidence declines from identification to long‐term management of ECDs.ConclusionsThis review chronologically synthesizes paediatricians' knowledge, attitudes and confidence surrounding their roles in identifying children with ECDs, referring them to other professionals and managing their long‐term care. Paediatricians are not solely responsible for these tasks, as other medical professionals, families, therapists and educators work together to care for these children. This review provides recommendations, such as enhancing training programs and utilizing care coordinators, to address perspectives that may result in suboptimal patient care.
Effect of Different Treatments on Retinal Thickness Changes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Review
Authors: Adibi Armin , Adibi Iman , Javidan Milad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system, with varying clinical manifestations such as optic neuritis, sensory disturbances, and brainstem syndromes. Disease progression is monitored through methods like MRI scans, disability scales, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), which can detect retinal thinning, even in the absence of optic neuritis. MS progression involves neurodegeneration, particularly trans‐synaptic degeneration, which extends beyond the initial injury site. This review focuses on the impact of different MS treatments on retinal thickness as assessed by OCT.ResultsInjectable drugs, such as interferon beta and glatiramer acetate (GA), have a relatively modest impact on retinal atrophy. Oral medications like Fingolimod, Teriflunomide, and Dimethyl fumarate also have different impacts on retinal thickness. Fingolimod has been shown to protect against retinal thinning but may lead to macular edema. DMF‐treated patients had less ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thinning than GA‐treated patients but more thinning compared to natalizumab‐treated patients and healthy controls. Teriflunomide's impact on retinal layers remains unexplored in human studies. Monoclonal antibodies, including Alemtuzumab, Rituximab, Ocrelizumab, and Natalizumab, had protective effects on retinal layer atrophy. Alemtuzumab‐treated patients showed significantly less atrophy compared to interferon‐ and GA‐treated patients. Rituximab initially increased atrophy rates in the first months but subsequently demonstrated potential neuroprotective effects. Ocrelizumab slowed the rate of inner nuclear layer thinning in progressive forms of the disease. Natalizumab is considered the most effective in reducing retinal layer atrophy, particularly the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.ConclusionsIt's important to note that the effectiveness of these treatments may vary depending on MS subtype and individual factors. Future research should explore the long‐term effects of these treatments on retinal layers and their correlations with overall disease progression and disability in MS patients.
Multimodal treatment improves survival in patients with lung metastases from colorectal cancer: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chierici Andrea , Vinci Danilo , Liddo Guido , Granieri Stefano , Loi Mauro , Alifano Marco , Iannelli Antonio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimThe lungs represent the second most common site of colorectal cancer metastases. Although surgery is commonly considered the best treatment, many other invasive and noninvasive procedures and treatments have been adopted to improve patient survival and there is no clear evidence in the literature of which is the more effective. The aim of this work was to identify which treatment confers the best gain in overall survival for patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer.MethodA systematic review and network meta‐analysis of survival hazard ratio (HR) including 11 studies was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane protocol on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library up to 31 December 2023. Surgery, image‐guided thermoablation, stereotactic body radiotherapy, chemotherapy and best standard care, associated or alone, were evaluated. Chemotherapy was adopted as the treatment reference to define survival HRs. Network metaregression was then performed considering patients with pulmonary only or multisite metastases from colorectal cancer.ResultsIn patients with pulmonary metastases, the association of surgery, stereotactic body radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the best performing (HR 0.22), while the most effective components alone are image‐guided thermoablation (HR 0.53) and surgery (HR 0.57), although this was not significant. After metaregression, multimodal treatments still represent the strategy conferring the best survival gain. However, while surgery (incremental HR 0.26) has the most important role in patients with isolated pulmonary metastatic disease, chemotherapy (incremental HR 0.3) leads for patients with multimetastatic disease.ConclusionMultimodal treatment confers the best gain in overall survival in patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. Combining multiple therapeutic strategies improves survival, with oligometastatic patients benefiting more from surgery and local therapies while multimetastatic patients mainly benefit from chemotherapy, although ablation and surgery can enhance outcomes when feasible.
Changes in human diet, and rice agriculture as a result of international agricultural policies, are impacting the persistence of Korean treefrogs
Authors: Borzée Amaël , Baek Minjae , Choi Hyunah , Seliger Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpecies conservation is generally linked to a wide variety of threats, which might sometimes reflect changes in socioeconomic standards and policies. Here, we demonstrated how treefrog conservation is related to diet preferences, rice agriculture, and international rice trade policies. While rice has been a staple food for over 1000s of years in Korea, recent human‐related developments and changes in diet, strengthened by national and international agricultural policies, have resulted in a decrease in rice consumption in the nation. As a result, two treefrog species (Dryophytes suweonensis and Dryophytes flaviventris) restricted to rice paddies for breeding are severely declining due to habitat loss, and they are now under threat of extinction. The efforts of the government to boost rice consumption might support the conservation of the species, although the long‐term availability of breeding sites is uncertain, and ultimately, some of the agricultural wetlands should become protected and progressively transformed into functional natural wetlands.
Trade Network Dynamics and Alien Plant Pest Introductions: A Global Analysis
Authors: Nardi Davide , Rosace Maria Chiara , Cendoya Martina , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimInvestigating the role of trade in elucidating the introductions of insect plant pests via specific pathways over the past two decades to inform future plant pest introduction risks.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe analysed global data on the first findings of plant pests and the global trade network, assessing which network metrics explained the cumulative introductions per country. We compared in‐degree (i.e., the number of countries a focal country imports from) and out‐degree (i.e., the number of countries a focal country exports to) across different pathways and investigated intraregional trade saturation for each country within different continents. We explored the relationship between the risk of spreading based on the trade network structure and the temporal sequence of realised introductions.ResultsIn‐degree was the major driver of the introduction of alien plant pests across all pathways. For several regions such as Europe and Asia, countries with extensive imports and regional trade connections serve as trade hubs connecting numerous countries belonging to the same geographical region. The saturation of the intra‐regional routes reflected the less restrictive regional trade agreements and played a pivotal role in the spread of exotic pests within the region. We found untapped potential for opening new trade routes in Africa and Oceania.ConclusionsThe study emphasises the potential increase in multiple introductions driven by a few key countries, warranting intensified surveillance efforts. Opening new commercial routes poses higher risks than increasing the total volume of trade from the same partners as it might open the dense international trade network to a new pool of potential pests. Incorporating high‐resolution trade data and tracking data (i.e., from entry to final destination) is crucial and can enhance risk mapping precision to reduce future alien plant pest introductions.
Novel function of Hox13 in regulating outgrowth of the newt hindlimb bud through interaction with Fgf10 and Tbx4
Authors: Tozawa Sayo , Matsubara Haruka , Minamitani Fumina , Kamei Yasuhiro , Saida Misako , Asao Momoko , Suzuki Ken‐ichi T. , Matsunami Masatoshi , Shigenobu Shuji , Hayashi Toshinori , Abe Gembu , Takeuchi Takashi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract5′Hox genes regulate pattern formation along the axes of the limb. Previously, we showed that Hoxa13/Hoxd13 double‐mutant newts lacked all digits of the forelimbs during development and regeneration, showing that newt Hox13 is necessary for digit formation in development and regeneration. In addition, we found another unique phenotype. Some of the Hox13 crispant newts showed hindlimb defects, in which whole or almost whole hindlimbs were lost, suggesting a novel function of Hox13 in limb development. Using germline mutants, we showed that mutation in Hox13 led to hindlimb defects. The limb buds of Hox13 crispants formed, however, did not show outgrowth. Expression of Fgf10 and Tbx4, which are involved in limb outgrowth, decreased in the hindlimb buds of Hox13 crispants. In addition, hindlimb defects were observed in both Fgf10 and Tbx4 crispant newts. Finally, Fgf10 and Tbx4 interacted with Hox13 genetically. Our results revealed a novel function of Hox13 in regulating the outgrowth of the newt hindlimb bud through interaction with Fgf10 and Tbx4.
Analysing regional and sectoral productivity changes in the Indian economy
Authors: Kaur Puneet Prakash , Kiran Ravi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMotivationNumerous domestic and international studies have shown that India's business environment has shortcomings that have hindered and distorted investment, reducing growth and job creation. There is geographical variation in the distribution of sectoral and regional production in India. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role geography plays in evaluating the effects of shifts in aggregate and disaggregate productivity.PurposeThis research attempts to build a unified framework to consider regional and sectoral changes as heterogeneous factors affecting productivity in India. It explores whether the fundamental changes in productivity are locational or sectoral.Approach and MethodsThis article focuses on three aspects: (1) It identifies variables based on previous literature. The aggregate industry analysis for both Punjab and India is based on independent variables. The study uses the 2SLS‐estimator using STATA in a single‐step endogeneity problem. (2) For disaggregate or sectoral analysis, it identifies four industries across India and Punjab. We confine our analysis to these four industries since the present study is done at both aggregate and disaggregate levels covering national and state level analysis. (3) It sets out separate interpretations for the aggregate analysis, setting it apart from disaggregate analysis.FindingsFor aggregate industry analysis, the results for Indian and Punjab industry adhere to Verdoorn's law which states that in the long run productivity generally grows proportionally to the square root of output. In that value‐added growth is a major factor affecting total factor productivity for Indian firms across both regions. The Punjab group shows non‐linearity between productivity and concentration. Concentration leads to some increase in productivity but this then declines.Policy ImplicationsPolicy‐makers should promote the establishment of more medium‐sized firms to enhance productivity across all regions in India.The skilled‐labour ratio emerged as significant for the Punjab group, though this is because the state has a higher proportion of small‐scale industries which are more labour intensive than the overall India group. As such, specific policies should be aimed at the manufacturing sector at state level to enhance productivity, taking into consideration unique features of each group.Policy‐makers should address the inefficiency of the industrial policy overseen by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
Evaluation of Information Provided by ChatGPT Versions on Traumatic Dental Injuries for Dental Students and Professionals
Authors: Öztürk Zeynep , Bal Cenkhan , Çelikkaya Beyza Nur 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/AimThe use of AI‐driven chatbots for accessing medical information is increasingly popular among educators and students. This study aims to assess two different ChatGPT models—ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4.0—regarding their responses to queries about traumatic dental injuries, specifically for dental students and professionals.Material and MethodsA total of 40 questions were prepared, divided equally between those concerning definitions and diagnosis and those on treatment and follow‐up. The responses from both ChatGPT versions were evaluated on several criteria: quality, reliability, similarity, and readability. These evaluations were conducted using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), the Reliability Scoring System (adapted DISCERN), the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL), and the Similarity Index. Normality was checked with the Shapiro–Wilk test, and variance homogeneity was assessed using the Levene test.ResultsThe analysis revealed that ChatGPT 3.5 provided more original responses compared to ChatGPT 4.0. According to FRES scores, both versions were challenging to read, with ChatGPT 3.5 having a higher FRES score (39.732 ± 9.713) than ChatGPT 4.0 (34.813 ± 9.356), indicating relatively better readability. There were no significant differences between the ChatGPT versions regarding GQS, DISCERN, and FKRGL scores. However, in the definition and diagnosis section, ChatGPT 4.0 had a statistically higher quality score than ChatGPT 3.5. In contrast, ChatGPT 3.5 provided more original answers in the treatment and follow‐up section. For ChatGPT 4.0, the readability and similarity rates for the definition and diagnosis section were higher than those for the treatment and follow‐up section. No significant differences were observed between ChatGPT 3.5's DISCERN, FRES, FKRGL, and similarity index measurements by topic.ConclusionsBoth ChatGPT versions offer high‐quality and original information, though they present challenges in readability and reliability. They are valuable resources for dental students and professionals but should be used in conjunction with additional sources of information for a comprehensive understanding.
Evaluation of repellent effects of plant‐based essential oils, red dye, and kaolin on Asian citrus psyllid
Authors: Exilien Romain , Qureshi Jawwad A. , Martini Xavier 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vector of the pathogen causing Huanglongbing disease, is currently the most devastating pest of citrus. Despite intensive control efforts, the disease continues to spread. Diaphorina citri typically relies on tactile, visual, and odor cues for host selection. By combining an irritant (kaolin clay), a visual masking (red or blue dye), and true odor repellents, we aim to repel D. citri from citrus trees. In laboratory conditions, we conducted closed‐cage bioassays to compare D. citri response to the following treatment combinations: (1) kaolin + food colorants (blue or red); (2) kaolin + odor repellents (thyme, lavender, fir, and coriander oil), and (3) kaolin + red food colorant + thyme oil. The red kaolin treatment exerted a greater deterrent effect on D. citri adults than the blue and uncolored kaolin treatments. We also observed an additive effect in terms of D. citri repellency with the combination of thyme oil and kaolin and, to a lesser extent, coriander oil and kaolin. However, the combination of lavender or fir oils and kaolin did not increase repellency against ACP as compared with kaolin alone. Thyme oil + red kaolin oil combinations induced similar ACP repellency to that of thyme oil + uncolored kaolin. Finally, fecundity was significantly reduced by the kaolin‐based treatments compared to the thyme oil treatment and control plants. Our findings suggested the possible use of red kaolin or the combination of thyme and kaolin as a means of reducing D. citri infestation in citrus.
Characterising a New Sheep Model of Parkinson's Disease Using Unilateral Intracerebral Injection of 6‐Hydroxydopamine Into the Substantia Nigra
Authors: Banstola Ashik , Vautrelle Nicolas , Bergin David , Mohammad Younus , Gandhi Kushan , Rizwan Shakila , Reynolds John N. J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNew therapeutic agents developed for treating neurological disorders are often tested successfully on rodents. Testing in an appropriate large animal model where there is longer lifespan and comparable brain size to humans should improve translational success and is frequently expected by regulatory bodies. In this project, we aimed to establish a novel sheep model of Parkinson's disease as a large‐brained experimental model for translational research. Our objective was to create a sheep model of Parkinson's disease by unilaterally infusing the neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra pars compacta. This approach, previously used to induce parkinsonism in rat and non‐human primate models, causes dopaminergic imbalance and induces rotational behaviour in quadrupeds challenged with dopaminergic receptor agonists. In the present sheep study, the mixed dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine, 0.25 mg/kg, and dopamine D2 agonist ropinirole, 0.16 mg/kg, were used to induce rotational behaviour and confirm dopamine depletion. Behavioural signs were then measured and characterised in the field using automated movement tracking with simultaneous video recordings. Post‐mortem, the extent of the 6‐hydroxydopamine lesions was evaluated through tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry and quantifying levels of catecholamines (dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanilic acid) quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Our new sheep model of Parkinson's disease using 6‐hydroxydopamine is safe and offers a number of regulatory, ethical and financial advantages over non‐human primate 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine models. It provides a platform to evaluate novel antiparkinsonian agents and medical devices in a large brain with the promise of greater success for translation into clinical application.