bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the use of density functionals in second‐ and third‐row transition metal dimer calculations
Authors: Yanagisawa Susumu , Tsuneda Takao , Hirao Kimihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe explore the use of density functionals in calculating the equilibrium distances, dissociation energies, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the homonuclear diatomics of the second‐row transition metals, platinum, and gold. The outermost s–d interconfigurational energies (ICEs) and the outermost s and d ionization potentials (IPs) were also calculated for the second‐ and third‐row transition metal atoms. Compared with the first‐row transition metal dimer calculations (J Chem Phys 2000, 112, 545–553), the binding energies calculated using the combination of the Becke 1988 exchange and the one‐parameter progressive correlation (BOP) functional and Becke's three‐parameter hybrid (B3LYP) functional are in better agreement with the experiment. However, the pure BOP functional still gives the deep and narrow dissociation potential wells for the electron configurations containing high‐angular‐momentum open‐shell orbitals. Analysis of the s–d ICEs and the s and d IPs suggests that the overestimation may be due to the insufficient long‐range interaction between the outermost s and d orbitals in the exchange functional. The hybrid B3LYP functional seems to partly solve this problem for many systems by the incorporation of the Hartree–Fock exchange integral. However, this still leads to an erroneous energy gap between the configurations of fairly different spin multiplicity, probably because of the unbalance of exchange and correlation contributions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1995–2009, 2001
Coping style of substance‐abuse patients: Effects of anxiety and mood disorders on coping change
Authors: Franken Ingmar H.A. , Hendriks Vincent M. , Haffmans P.M. Judith , van der Meer Chris W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe authors studied the coping style of substance‐abuse patients during clinical cognitive‐behavioral group therapy, and the effects of mood and anxiety disorders on changes in coping style. Change in coping style was studied prospectively in a cohort of 132 residential‐drug‐abuse patients. In addition to pretreatment assessments, which included diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders and addiction severity, repeated measurements of coping style were performed at predetoxification, pretreatment, and after three and six months of treatment. Considerable change in coping style between predetoxification and pretreatment was found, suggesting that coping assessment in a predetoxification phase is confounded by state factors surrounding treatment entry. Coping style of detoxified substance abusers is related to the presence of mood and anxiety disorders. Coping style was not found to be related to the severity of drug abuse. Furthermore, maladaptive coping styles decreased after three months of inpatient‐substance‐abuse treatment, and more‐adaptive coping styles remained stable for another three months of inpatient treatment. Patients with an anxiety disorder improved less on coping style when compared to non‐anxiety patients. Presence of a mood disorder had no impact on coping‐style improvement. The results indicate that more attention should be focused on anxiety disorders during substance‐abuse treatment in order to improve coping style. Furthermore, more studies are needed on the relation between substance abuse, coping style, and psychopathology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 299–306, 2001.
Whither countertransference in couples and family therapy: A systemic perspective
Authors: Kaslow Florence W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study addresses various perspectives on transference and countertransference dynamics from the context of couples and family therapy. It considers the phenomena of countertransference in couple and family therapy and illustrates treatment with three specific kinds of patient populations: adult survivors of childhood incest who receive therapy with their partner; couples group therapy; and psychotherapists and their families. How supervisors help trainees recognize and deal with the transference and countertransference in clinical practice also is explored. These reciprocal phenomena are even more complex to identify and handle in couple and family treatment than in individual therapy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 1029–1040, 2001.
Nitric oxide is proangiogenic in the retina and choroid*
Authors: Ando Akira , Yang Amy , Mori Keisuke , Yamada Haruhiko , Yamada Eri , Takahashi Kyoichi , Saikia Jina , Kim Min , Melia Michele , Fishman Mark , Huang Paul , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) has been shown to have proangiogenic or antiangiogenic effects depending upon the setting. In this study, we used mice with targeted deletion of one of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to investigate the effects of NO in ocular neovascularization. In transgenic mice with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in photoreceptors, deficiency of any of the three isoforms caused a significant decrease in subretinal neovascularization, but no alteration of VEGF expression. In mice with laser‐induced rupture of Bruch's membrane, deficiency of inducible NOS (iNOS) or neuronal NOS (nNOS), but not endothelial NOS (eNOS), caused a significant decrease in choroidal neovascularization. In mice with oxygen‐induced ischemic retinopathy, deficiency of eNOS, but not iNOS or nNOS caused a significant decrease in retinal neovascularization and decreased expression of VEGF. These data suggest that NO contributes to both retinal and choroidal neovascularization and that different isoforms of NOS are involved in different settings and different disease processes. A broad spectrum NOS inhibitor may have therapeutic potential for treatment of both retinal and choroidal neovascularization. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 116–124, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibodies against a putative heparin receptor slow cell proliferation and decrease MAPK activation in vascular smooth muscle cells*
Authors: Savage Joyce M. , Gilotti Albert C. , Granzow Catherine A. , Molina Felix , Lowe‐Krentz Linda J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeparin has long been known to slow the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the mechanism(s) by which heparin acts has yet to be resolved. The identification of a putative heparin receptor in endothelial cells with antibodies that blocked heparin binding to the cells provided the means to further examine the possible involvement of a heparin receptor in smooth muscle cell responses to heparin. Immunoprecipitation of a smooth muscle cell protein with the anti‐heparin receptor antibodies provided evidence that the protein was present in smooth muscle cells. Experiments with the anti‐heparin receptor antibodies indicate that the antibodies can mimic heparin in decreasing PDGF induced thymidine and BrdU incorporation. The anti‐heparin receptor antibodies were also found to decrease MAPK activity levels after activation similarly to heparin. These results support the identification of a heparin receptor and its role in heparin effects on vascular smooth muscle cell growth. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular smooth muscle cell growth‐promoting factor/F‐spondin inhibits angiogenesis via the blockade of integrin αvβ3 on vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Terai Yoshito , Abe Mayumi , Miyamoto Kaoru , Koike Masamichi , Yamasaki Motoo , Ueda Masatsugu , Ueki Minoru , Sato Yasufumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cell growth‐promoting factor (VSGP) was originally isolated from bovine ovarian follicular fluid as a stimulator of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Homology searches indicate that bovine and human VSGPs are orthologs of rat F‐spondin. Here, we examined whether recombinant human VSGP/F‐spondin affected the biological activities of endothelial cells. VSGP/F‐spondin did not affect the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); however, it did inhibit VEGF‐ or bFGF‐stimulated HUVEC migration. To clarify the mechanism of this inhibitory effect, we examined the adhesion of HUVECs to extracellular matrix proteins. VSGP/F‐spondin specifically inhibited the spreading of HUVECs on vitronectin via the functional blockade of integrin αvβ3. As a result, VSGP/F‐spondin inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) when HUVECs were plated on vitronectin. Moreover, VSGP/F‐spondin inhibited the activation of Akt when HUVECs on vitronectin were stimulated with VEGF. VSGP/F‐spondin inhibited tube formation by HUVECs in vitro and neovascularization in the rat cornea in vivo. These results indicate that VSGP/F‐spondin inhibits angiogenesis at least in part by the blockade of endothelial integrin αvβ3. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The start‐up of anaerobic sequencing batch reactors at 20 °C and 25 °C for the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater
Authors: Massé Daniel I , Masse Lucie , Verville Annie , Bilodeau Steve 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility, the stability and the efficiency of a start‐up at 20 °C and 25 °C of anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids concentrations averaged 7500 and 1700 mg dm−3, respectively. Reactor start‐up was completed in 168 and 136 days at 20 °C, and 25 °C, respectively. The start‐up process was stable at both temperatures, except for a short period at 20 °C, when effluent volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased from an average of 40 to 400 mg dm−3. Effluent quality varied throughout start‐up, but in the last 25 days of the experiment, as the ASBRs were operated under organic loading rates of 2.25 ± 0.21 and 2.86 ± 0.24 kg m−3 d−1 at 20 °C and 25 °C, respectively, total COD was reduced by 90.3% ± 1.3%. Methanogenesis was not a limiting factor during start‐up. At 20 °C, the limiting factor was the acidification of the soluble organics and, to a smaller extent, the reduction of propionic, isobutyric and isovaleric acids into lower VFAs. At 25 °C, the limiting factor was the hydrolysis of particulate organics. To minimize biomass loss during the start‐up period, the organic loading rate should be increased only when 75 –80% of the COD fed has been transformed into methane within the design hydraulic retention time.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperature optimization for glycerol production by batch fermentation with Candida krusei
Authors: Xie Dong‐Ming , Liu De‐Hua , Zhang Jian‐An 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo maximize the final production yield and control the residual glucose at a low concentration during glycerol production by fermentation, optimal and sub‐optimal temperature control strategies were investigated. The optimal control strategy of the culture temperature was determined precisely by Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. By dividing the fermentation into multiple equal subintervals and optimizing the constant temperatures of all subintervals by a general static constrained global optimization approach, a sub‐optimal control strategy could be obtained, which was more convenient to perform in practical fermentation, whilst a similar temperature profile and final glycerol yield to those of the optimal control strategy. The experimental and simulated results showed that, compared with those at the conventional temperature of 35 °C, the final glycerol yield at the sub‐optimal temperature profile could be increased by 12–14% while the residual glucose was controlled at a value close to or less than 1% (w/v).© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Biomass cooking fuels and prevalence of blindness in India
Authors: Mishra Vinod K. , Retherford Robert D. , Smith Kirk R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMovement up the household energy ladder from smoke‐producing biomass fuels to relatively clean liquid, gaseous and electric fuels is commonly part of the economic transition and thus plays a role in the accompanying health transition. Here, we analyse the relationship between type of cooking fuel and the prevalence of partial and complete blindness in India using data on 173 520 persons age 30 and over from the 1992–93 National Family Health Survey. Logistic regression is used to estimate the net effects of biomass fuel (wood or dung) use on prevalence of partial and complete blindness after controlling for availability of a separate kitchen, house type, crowding, age, gender, urban‐rural residence, education, religion, caste/tribe and geographical region. Persons living in biomass fuel‐using households are found to have a considerably higher prevalence of blindness (partial or complete) than those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.16–1.50). The effects are large and statistically significant for both men (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.12–1.52) and women (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.12–1.50) and for urban areas (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.01–1.49) and rural areas (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.23–1.80). The effects are strong and significant for partial blindness (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.17–1.53), but not for complete blindness (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.79–1.51). The level of risk and extent of biomass fuel use in India indicate that 18% of partial and complete blindness among persons age 30 and older may be attributed to biomass fuel use. The results strongly suggest that smoke exposure from the use of biomass fuels for cooking substantially increases the risk of partial blindness. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and functional compartmentalization of the cell nucleus in supraoptic neurons
Authors: Berciano María T. , Villagrá Nuria T. , Pena Emma , Navascués Joaquín , Casafont Iñigo , Lafarga Miguel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well‐established that the neuronal cell nucleus is organized in discrete compartments involved in transcription and RNA processing. The main nuclear compartments in neurons include the chromosome territories, the nucleolus, nuclear speckles of splicing factors, Cajal bodies, and nuclear rodlets. The supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons provide a powerful model in vivo to study the organization of these nuclear compartments in response to variations of cellular activity. The upregulation of transcription in SON neurons under chronic hyperosmolar conditions is associated with 1) nuclear and nucleolar enlargement, 2) dispersion of chromatin, 3) reduction in the size of nuclear speckles, 4) increase in the number of Cajal bodies implicated in the maturation of splicing small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and 5) proliferation of the fibrillar centers of the nucleolus, the sites of nucleolar transcription of ribosomal genes. These changes revert after the cessation of the activation by rehydration of animals. Under conditions of neuronal stress induced by hypertonic saline injection, SON neurons exhibit an early response of downregulation of transcription. This is accompanied by chromatin condensation, redistribution of splicing factors, reduction in the number of Cajal bodies, and microsegregation of the fibrillar and granular components of the nucleolus and disruption of its fibrillar centers, all of which are associated with a transitory expression of c‐Fos. These changes progressively revert and at 24 hours after the stress induction a rebound upregulation of transcription is observed. These findings illustrate the transcription‐dependent organization and behavior of nuclear compartments in the neuronal model of magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:132–142, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenomedullin and PAMP: Discovery, structures, and cardiovascular functions
Authors: Kitamura Kazuo , Kangawa Kenji , Eto Tanenao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe discovered adrenomedullin (AM) from human pheochromocytoma tissue by monitoring the elevating activity of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in rat platelets in 1993. Since the discovery of AM, it has attracted intense interest from cardiovascular researchers because AM elicits multiple biological activities, including a potent and powerful hypotensive activity caused by dilatation of resistance vessels. AM is biosynthesized and secreted from tissues, including cardiovascular organs. In addition to AM, “proadrenomedullin N‐terminal 20 peptide (PAMP),” another biologically active peptide, was found to be processed from the AM precursor. Plasma AM levels are increased in various cardiovascular and renal diseases. AM, therefore, seems to function as a novel system that controls circulation and body fluid, and may be involved in pathophysiological changes in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, in this review we will focus on the structure of AM and its gene, distribution, receptor, and the physiological and pathological roles of AM in cardiovascular disease. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:3–13, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent advances in insect olfaction, specifically regarding the morphology and sensory physiology of antennal sensilla of the female sphinx moth Manduca sexta
Authors: Shields Vonnie D.C. , Hildebrand John G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antennal flagellum of female Manduca sexta bears eight sensillum types: two trichoid, two basiconic, one auriculate, two coeloconic, and one styliform complex sensilla. The first type of trichoid sensillum averages 34 μm in length and is innervated by two sensory cells. The second type averages 26 μm in length and is innervated by either one or three sensory cells. The first type of basiconic sensillum averages 22 μm in length, while the second type averages 15 μm in length. Both types are innervated by three bipolar sensory cells. The auriculate sensillum averages 4 μm in length and is innervated by two bipolar sensory cells. The coeloconic type‐A and type‐B both average 2 μm in length. The former type is innervated by five bipolar sensory cells, while the latter type, by three bipolar sensory cells. The styliform complex sensillum occurs singly on each annulus and averages 38–40 μm in length. It is formed by several contiguous sensilla. Each unit is innervated by three bipolar sensory cells. A total of 2,216 sensilla were found on a single annulus (annulus 21) of the flagellum. Electrophysiological responses from type‐A trichoid sensilla to a large panel of volatile odorants revealed three different subsets of olfactory receptor cells (ORCs). Two subsets responded strongly to only a narrow range of odorants, while the third responded strongly to a broad range of odorants. Anterograde labeling of ORCs from type‐A trichoid sensilla revealed that their axons projected mainly to two large female glomeruli of the antennal lobe. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:307–329, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fossil record of echinoderm regeneration with special regard to crinoids
Authors: Oji Tatsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegeneration of skeletal parts of fossil echinoderms is reviewed. Among regenerations of various fossil echinoderms, those of crinoids are most common and many examples have been reported. Mesozoic and Cenozoic crinoids, the subclass Articulata, are characterized by the dominance of muscular articulations in the arms and they have only a small number of ligamentary articulations in localized positions that are specialized for autotomy. The dominance of muscular articulations is most conspicuous in the family Isocrinidae and comatulid (stalkless) crinoids. Most of the regenerated arms of articulate crinoids start on this ligamentary articulation. In contrast, most Paleozoic crinoids have many more ligamentary articulations and fewer muscular articulations in their arms than the Mesozoic to Recent crinoids. The ligamentary articulations of Paleozoic crinoids were probably not capable of autotomy. Fossil and recent stalked crinoids provide data on the degree and style of regeneration after loss of body parts. If the aboral nerve center in the basal part of crown is retained, the entire calyx and arms can be regenerated. In contrast, if the aboral nerve center is lost and only the stalk is preserved, some skeletal parts can only be generated imperfectly and irregularly. This type of imperfect regeneration is better termed as overgrowth. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:397–402, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of a character and the evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns
Authors: Brakefield Paul M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAll butterfly eyespots appear to be formed by a similar developmental mechanism. Thus the great diversity of patterns observed across different species of butterfly has evolved through changes in the genetic modulation of this mechanism. Our descriptions of both the development of eyespots and the genetic variation for eyespot traits in an African butterfly, Bicyclus anynana, are used here to discuss the most appropriate ways of applying the character concept to the evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 291:93–104, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Female sperm storage in amphibians
Authors: Sever David M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe three orders of extant amphibians are Gymnophiona, Anura, and Urodela. Although all gymnophionans apparently have internal fertilization and many are viviparous, female sperm storage is unknown. Internal fertilization has convergently evolved in a few anurans, but females of just one species, Ascaphus truei, are known to possess oviductal sperm storage tubules (SSTs). The SSTs of A. truei are similar anatomically to such glands in squamate reptiles. This similarity is convergence due to similar functional adaptations and/or internal design constraints. In salamanders and newts (Urodela), absence of sperm storage in females is the ancestral condition (three families). In the derived condition, sperm storage occurs in cloacal glands called spermathecae, and their possession is a synapomorphy for females in the suborder Salamandroidea (seven families). Salamandroids are the only vertebrates with cloacal sperm storage glands. In this paper, a phenetic analysis of variation in spermathecal characters reveals patterns of convergence in certain spermathecal characters in unrelated taxa that breed in similar habitats. In the family Salamandridae, a role in sperm nutrition for the spermathecal epithelium is questioned, and the widespread occurrence of spermiophagy is related to other reproductive strategies. I propose how the packaging of sperm in structurally different types of spermathecae may influence male paternity. J. Exp. Zool. 292:165–179, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 13C‐labelled tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene
Authors: Christensen Jørn B. , Bechgaard Klaus , Paquignon Gael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (4,4′,5,5′‐tetramethyl Δ2,2′‐bis‐1,3‐diselenole) doubly labelled with carbon‐13 in the 2 and 2′‐positions is described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.