bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary architecture in skeletal muscle on chronic kidney disease rats
Authors: Murakami Shinichiro , Sakita Masahiro , Huo Ming , Kondo Hiroyo , Kanazashi Miho , Tanaka Minoru , Tanaka Masayuki , Fujino Hidemi 
Published: November 2023

Background and PurposeKidney disease increases risk of blood vessel and capillary disease. In case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), these problems may happen slowly over a long period of time. The thing about heart in particular is well known. Chronic kidney disease may be caused by diabetes, high blood pressure and other disorders. Hypertension causes CKD and CKD causes hypertension. Anyone can get CKD at any age and any sex. However, some people are more easily to get kidney disease than others. That two main causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure. Those diseases fail with blood vessel and capillary in various factors. In any case, the blood vessel system is connected with kidney disease deeply. However, muscle capillary architecture of kidney disease is not observed. Our aim is to make skeletal muscle capillary architecture in CKD clear.Materials/Methods12 Wistar rats (age; 16wks) were randomly divided into CKD group (n=6) and Sham operation (SHAM) group (n=6). Rats in CKD group suffered from a chronic kidney failure artificially. The details are as follows; 1. When 16wks old, under anesthesia with pentobarbital, we removed the right kidney surgically. 2. When 17wks old, under anesthesia with pentobarbital, we removed the two‐third left kidney surgically. 3. When 23wks old, we injected fluorescer into soleus muscle and removed it out. 4. Those muscles were frozen and were observed with confocal laser microscope. In SHAM group, they were operated for at the same time, but the kidney was not removed surgically. The kidney was extracted to outside from rat and it was returned to rat without removing it surgically. The microscope image was analyzed in NIH Image software and it was compared. All data were presented as the means ± SEM. All statistical tests were done using an unpaired Student's –test. P<0.05 indicates a significant difference.ResultsOn 23 wks old CKD, body weight and soleus weight were decrease. Feeding volumes were same. Urinary albumin/urinary creatine value was increase. Data from the morphological measurement of the CLSM images by the NIH Image software. The mean microvessel volume of CKD rats were significantly lower than that in the SHAM rats. Capillary architecture of CKD was looser than that in SHAM. Moreover, capillary diameter of CKD was smaller than that in SHAM.ConclusionsThese results indicate that capillary volume in skeletal muscle may decrease by only kidney disease. It not include diabetes and/or hypertension. Diabetes and/or hypertension also decrease capillary volume. These relations are our future issues.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by Grants‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Grant no. 10582190)
Effect of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica, L) Supplementation on Body Composition, Weight, Post‐prandial Glucose and Satiety
Authors: Wu Hilary , Sung Anne , Burns‐Whitmore Bonny , Jo Edward , Wien Michelle 
Published: November 2023

Research regarding the beneficial intake of chia seeds (high in α‐linolenic acid and dietary fiber) on body composition, weight, post‐prandial glucose levels (PPG) and satiety, in healthy female subjects is limited. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effects of adding 20% of daily calories from chia seeds on disease risk factors such as fat mass(FM), fat free mass(FFM), and body weight(BW), satiety, and PPG in healthy, free‐living females.College females (n=23) participated in a randomized, crossover design consisting of two five‐week diet treatment periods 1) chia seeds added (CHIA); 2) without chia seeds (CON), separated by a 5‐week washout. Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fasting glucose and PPG were measured at baseline and 60min after chia consumption. Satiety was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) appetite questionnaires. IBM SPSS v22 analyzed PPG (MANOVA), satiety, FM, FFM, and BW, (one‐way ANOVA), and the VAS appetite questionnaires (independent t‐test).There was a significant main effect for time for BW (pre = 55.2 kg, post = 54.7kg), BF (pre = 29.9%, post = 29.2%), FM (pre = 16.5kg, post = 15.9kg), and FFM (pre = 36.6kg, post = 36.4kg), and no significance for treatment by time or for all BIA variables, before, during and after meal satiety; or VAS and PPG between the CHIA and CON treatments. Consuming chia as 20% of calories does not contribute to weight gain or body composition changes.Support or Funding InformationSalba Smart Natural Products, LLC
Maternal 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms, and Infant Birth Weights
Authors: Chung Jayong , Chun Soo‐Kyung , Lee Hyo‐Suk , Kim Mun‐Young , Joung Hyojee 
Published: November 2023

There is evolving evidence that maternal vitamin D status may influence birth outcomes, but findings vary among populations. In this study, we investigated whether genetic variations in vitamin D binding protein (DBP) modify the relationship between maternal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and infant birth weight. 25(OH)D concentrations in maternal and cord blood were measured by LC‐MS/MS method from 374 pregnant women and their infants. Information on birth weight was collected from the patients’ medical records. DNA was extracted from the maternal blood and genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms in DBP gene (rs12512631, rs7041, and rs2282679). The mean 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in the maternal blood (18.8 ng/ml) than in the cord blood (10.8ng/ml). The rs12512631 and rs7041, but not rs2282679, significantly modified the relationships between maternal or cord blood 25(OH)D and birth weights. Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D were positively associated with birth weight in mothers with rs12512631 CT+CC genotype, but no such relationships were found in those with rs12512631 TT genotype (p for interaction <0.05). Also, cord blood 25(OH)D was positively associated with birth weight in rs7041 GT+GG genotypes, but not in rs7041 TT genotypes (p for interaction <0.05). Our study suggests that the interaction between 25(OH)D and genetic variants of DBP gene in mothers modify the birth weight of their infants.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the NRF (2013R1A1A2007613)
Consumption of Total Fruit, Vegetables, Whole Grains, and Added Sugars in Those <24 Months of Age from NHANES, 2001–2012
Authors: Fulgoni Victor L , Agarwal Sanjiv 
Published: November 2023

Infant nutrition and that of early childhood are important for growth and development and nutrition practices learned at this age may influence life‐long intake. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the pattern of intake of total fruits, total vegetables, whole grains, and added sugars in those <24 months of age using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001–2012 (n=4,406). Using the USDA Food Patterns Equivalent Database (FPED) we determined amount and food sources of total fruits, total vegetables, whole grains, and added sugars in subjects 0–2 (n=655), 3–5 (n=692), 6–8 (n=664), 9–11 (n‐679), 12–14 (n=426), 15–17 (n=442 ), 18–21 (n=422), 21–23 (n=425) months (mths) of age. Total vegetables increased from virtually nothing at 0–2 mths to about 0.5 cup equivalents (eq) at 9–11 mths but only increased to 0.6 cup eq at 21–23 mths (Table 1). Total fruit intake increase from virtually nothing at 0–2 mths to 0.94 cup eq at 9–11 mths and increased to 1.44 cup eq at 21–23 mths (Table 1). At 6–8 mths whole grain intake was 0.32 oz eq but only increased to 0.44 oz eq at 21–23 mths. Added sugars rose from virtually nothing at 0–2 mths to about 2.4 tsp eq at 9–11 mths and continued to increase until at 21–23 mths added sugars intake was 9.2 tsp eq (Table 1). Up to 9–11 mths the sources of vegetables was predominantly baby foods; thereafter a large number of other foods were providing vegetables to the diet. For fruits, baby food and baby juice were predominant sources until 6–8 mths where other fruits and juices were beginning to be consumed in small quantities; by 9–11 mths there were even more different fruit and juices providing fruit to the diet and this variety was maintained through 21–23 mths. Before 9 mths whole grains sources were predominantly baby food cereals; at 9–11 mths other sources included lower sugar ready‐to‐eat cereals, yeast bread, and oatmeal. These sources were maintained through 21–23 mths but a larger variety of other foods provided small amounts of whole grains. At 9–11 mths small amounts of added sugars were appearing from fruit drinks, cookies and brownies, yogurt, and higher sugar ready‐to‐eat cereals. These sources were main contributors of added sugar in older groups and many more sources of added sugars appeared in the diet (at 21–23 mths the foods providing more than 5% of added sugars in the diet were fruit drinks, cookies and brownies, soft drinks, and higher sugar ready‐to‐eat cereals). These data indicate there are opportunities to improve the diet of children <24 mths by providing more vegetables, whole grains, maintaining or even increasing fruit intake, and moderating added sugars from less nutrient dense options.Support or Funding InformationFunding provided by Beech‐Nut Nutrition Company.
The economic burden of breakfast skipping in Mexico
Authors: Afeiche Myriam , Patron Alberto Prieto , Gentile‐Rapinett Gertrude , Detzel Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Background and objectivesRecent data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico showed that 18% of 5 to 14 year old children skipped breakfast. Breakfast skipping is associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, lower nutrient adequacy, lower cognitive performance (such as memory and attention), and lower academic achievement (such as school performance). These outcomes are, in turn, directly linked to social economic losses; however, no previous study has assessed the economic impact of breakfast skipping in Mexico. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of breakfast skipping related to lower cognitive performance and academic achievement.MethodsThe following data were used: the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (prevalence of breakfast skipping and school attendance), literature review of published peer‐reviewed articles examining the effect of breakfast skipping on cognition and school performance, in addition to economic data (local wages, expected economic growth, and returns on education in Mexico). A mathematical model was developed following a health economic approach in school‐aged children through human capital accumulation to estimate the losses of breakfast skipping. Lower school performance and cognitive outcomes were assumed to impact future child wages throughout their adult working life. The future production losses were discounted to estimate the net present value.ResultsPreliminary results showed that the annual economic burden from breakfast skipping in Mexico in children 5 to 14 years old in 2015 was 4 billion US dollars or 6.7 billon purchasing power parity US dollars. This figure is equivalent to 0.3% of the Mexican Gross Domestic Product. On average each child who regularly skipped breakfast had an estimated loss of 1’150 USD; 987 USD due to lower school performance and 163 USD due to years of school lost. A reduction of the breakfast skipping rate of 1% in children aged 5 to 14 years old would bring an annual economic social benefit of 240 million USD due to its impact on cognitive outcomes and academic achievement.ConclusionThe model shows that small reductions of breakfast skipping rates could have a positive economic impact for society. These results only represent a partial benefit as reduction of breakfast skipping could also be associated with higher micronutrient adequacy and lower overweight rates in both childhood and adulthood which could bring additional economic and health benefits.Support or Funding InformationNestlé Research Center
Ferulic acid suppresses adipogenesis via activation of HO‐1 in 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Koh Eun‐Jeong , Choi Jia , Lee Yeon‐Joo , Hwang Ji‐Hyeon , Seo Young‐Jin , Song Ji‐Hyeon , Lee Boo‐Yong 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFerulic acid (FA) is a phenolic phytochemical commonly found in many herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Many studies suggest that FA suppresses adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1. However, the detail molecular mechanism of FA on adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells has still not been fully understood yet.Methods3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocyte has been used to evaluate the effect of FA on adipocyte development in the differentiation stage dependent manner in vitro. Oil red O staining has been conducted to measure of intracellular lipid accumulation. We analyzed the protein expression using western blot in adipocytes.ResultsFA decreased lipid accumulation in late stage differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells. FA dramatically increased HO‐1 activity.ConclusionWe demonstrated Rg1 suppress mitotic clonal expension via activating of HO‐1 in 3T3‐L1 cells. These results indicate FA might hold the potential effect to reduce the body fat accumulation in obesity.
Promotion of Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myotubes by Cereal Flavone, Tricin and Its Underlying Molecular Mechanism
Authors: Kim Sohyun , Imm Jee‐Young 
Published: November 2023

Tricin is a widely distributed flavonoid found in outer layer of cereal crops. The effect of tricin on glucose uptake and its underlying mechanism were evaluated using C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. The glucose uptake determined by 2‐deoxy‐2‐[(7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazol‐4‐yl)amino]‐D‐glucose (2‐NBDG) was significantly increased in a dose dependent manner by the addition of tricin and tricin increased glucose uptake by 1.4‐fold at 20 μM. The glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy was significantly increased by tricin treatment. The molecular mechanism of tricin mediated glucose uptake was examined by Western blot analysis. Tricin increased activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) involved in both insulin‐dependent and insulin‐independent signaling pathways. These result suggest that tricin promotes glucose uptake via Akt and AMPK signaling pathways in C2C12 myotubes and has potential as an anti‐diabetic agent.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2014R1A2A2A01007169)
Evaluation of an Insulin Sensitivity Index from the Short Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Maki Kevin C , Cook Chad M , Huebner Margie , Palacios Orsolya M 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this analysis was to compare insulin sensitivity indices calculated from a short (50 min), insulin‐modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT; Tura SI) to that from a full 180 min IVGTT using minimal model analysis (MM SI), as well as the Matsuda Index (M‐SI) from a 120 min liquid meal tolerance test (Maki et al. Diabetes Tech Ther 2011;13:661–6). The IVGTT included glucose (0.3 g/kg, t = 0 min) and regular human insulin (0.03 U/kg; t = 20 min) injection with samples collected at frequent intervals over 180 min. Tura SI was calculated as the fractional glucose disappearance rate/average increment in plasma insulin, both from 10–50 min. The MINMOD MILLENNIUM program (v6.02) was used to calculate MM SI. Subjects were overweight or obese men (n = 8) and women (n = 16) without diabetes who agreed to participate in a substudy after completing a dietary intervention trial. Mean ± SEM MM SI was 3.94 ± 3.38 × 10−4 L*min−1*mU−1, age was 48.9 ± 2.0 y and body mass index was 30.8 ± 0.6 kg/m2. Pearson correlation coefficients were: Tura SI with MM SI r = 0.963, Tura SI with M‐SI r = 0.803, and MM SI with M‐SI r = 0.776, all p < 0.001. Thus, Tura SI from the first 50 min of an insulin‐modified IVGTT correlates very strongly with 180 min MM SI (reference method), and the relationship between Tura SI with M‐SI was similar in magnitude to that between MM SI and M‐SI. These results suggest that the short IVGTT may be used as a less costly and time‐consuming alternative to the 180 min IVGTT for assessment of whole‐body insulin sensitivity.Support or Funding InformationIngredion, Westchester, IL
A Genome‐Wide Identification of Target Genes Responsible for Anti‐Adipogenic Activity of D‐Psicose, a Sugar Substitute, in C57BL/6J‐ob/ob Mice
Authors: Kim Sung‐Eun , Kim Su Jeong , Kim Hye‐Jung , Sung Mi‐Kyung 
Published: November 2023

Excess intake of added sugar has been shown to increase visceral fat and the risk of metabolic diseases including obesity and type II diabetes. In an attempt to decrease sugar intake, rare sugars and their derivatives that exist in limited quantities in nature, have been recently developed as a sugar substitute. D‐psicose, a C‐3 epimer of D‐fructose, is known to have anti‐adipogenic property. However, the mechanistic explanation on its anti‐adipogenic effect has not been clearly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary D‐psicose substitution for sucrose on adipose tissue fat deposition and identified target genes. C57BL/6J ob/ob mice were assigned to receive either the AIN‐93G or the 5% D‐psicose diet for 12 weeks. At necropsy, blood and white adipose tissue samples were collected for further analyses. We performed genome‐wide analysis of gene expression in white adipose tissue using Illumina MouseRef‐8 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for network analysis. The mRNA expression of genes related with inflammation and lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue was also determined. D‐Psicose supplementation suppressed final body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and serum total cholesterol concentration, while it increased serum HDL‐cholesterol to LDL‐cholesterol ratio. We identified 64 down‐ and 39 up‐regulated genes associated with inflammatory response (network 1), molecular transport (network 2), and lipid metabolism (networks 3 and 4) in response to D‐psicose supplementation. D‐Psicose supplementation decreased the mRNA expression of genes related with inflammation (TNF‐α, IL‐6, MCP‐1) and adipo/lipogenesis (PPAR‐α, PPAR‐γ, C/EBP‐α, SREBP‐1, aP2, LPL, FAS), whereas expression of β‐oxidation‐related genes (CPT‐1, HSL) was increased. It appears that D‐psicose responsive down‐regulation of genes involved in inflammatory response including FOS, CD44, CD36, and IL7R and lipid metabolism such as FFAR4 was associated with the changes in inflammation and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of obese mice. In conclusion, our data suggest several target genes responsible, at least in part, for anti‐adipogenic activity of D‐psicose.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the High Value‐added Food Technology Development Program (No.113035‐3) funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
Preliminary Results of Gastric Restriction with phytobezoar in Rats
Authors: Tito Pedro Queiroz Ferreira , Itezerote Ana Maria , Saleh Samir Omar , Hojaij Flávio , Andrade Mauro , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real , Akamatsu Flávia Emi , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz 
Published: November 2023

Obesity is considered a worldwide epidemic today. It is related to metabolic disorders and increased mortality. As an alternative to unsuccessful medical treatment, bariatric surgery promotes weight loss and reduction of associated diseases.The present study used animal models to analyze intestinal disorders as resulted from acute weight loss. We used Adult, male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albicans) weighing between 250–350 grams. In order to reduce the gastric capacity and cause significant weight loss, without causing anemia, it was chosen to perform a surgical procedure. The rats Were submitted to laparotomy and gastrostomy to reduce gastric capacity by insertion of a cylindrical sleeve Luffa (loofah) (1.5cm in diameter) made of cylindrical luffa, producing experimental phytobezoar.The animals of Sham group (S) were exposed to the same surgical procedure described above, except for the implant of phytobezoar. From the first day after surgery, the animals were divided into six groups of 10 animals each, the first group of 10 days until euthanasia was subjected to the stomach reduction surgery (R10), the second group of 21 days until euthanasia under the same conditions above (R21), both with their respective controls sham (S10/S21) and normal controls (C10/C21) 10 and 21 days. Each animal was weighed every other day until the day of euthanasia. Sections of small intestine slides were stained with hematoxylin eosin and analyzed in order to measure length of the crypts and the number of goblet cells were recorded.Statistical analysis used Student t test and to compare weight, goblet cells and crypts length in the experimental, sham and control groups. The analysis of goblet cell count on C10 group indicated a statistically significant higher number compared to the R10. However, the length of C10 is significantly lower than the R10 group. The reduction verified on the Restriction group (R10) suggests that phytobezoar's presence causes a reduction in crypts height which clinically translates in to reduction of absorption and secretive capacity of the enteric mucosa.
Development of Modular Diet for Children with Branched‐chain Organic Acidurias Using Locally Available Raw Materials
Authors: Chatvuttinun Suthida , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee , Chavasit Visith 
Published: November 2023

Branched‐chain organic acidurias resulted from abnormal specific enzymes involving catabolism of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs). The common organic acidurias are maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), isovaleric acidemia (IVA), propionic acidemia (PA), and methylmalonic acidemia (MMA). Long‐term management includes certain amino acid restriction and metabolic formulas to provide adequate energy and protein. Due to high cost and shortage of metabolic formula, we aimed to formulate modular diets (MDs) as an alternative treatment product for children with BCAAs disorders aged 4–15 years. Raw materials locally available in Thailand were analyzed and selected. Fish maw and roasted sunflower kernel were used as protein sources due to their proper leucine contents. Carbohydrate source includes maltodextrin and sucrose. Soy bean oil and/or non‐dairy creamer were fat sources. The diets were developed for 2 applications including (i) MD‐A, low in leucine for MSUD, was prepared in powder form, and (ii) MD‐B, low in leucine for IVA, and low in valine for PA and MMA, was prepared in powder form, seasoning powder, instant powder drink, and chocolate flavored snack. The diets were analyzed for macronutrient composition and amino acid profile. Per 100 g, the MD‐A diet provided 512 kcal with 9.9 g protein (P), 59.1 g carbohydrate (CHO), and 26.2 g fat (F). Energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat contents per 100 g of MD‐B ranged 546–601 kcal, 8.2–12.3 g, 36.7–51 g, and 33.6–51 g, respectively. Energy and macronutrient contents were comparable to the commercial formula. Costs of raw materials in the MDs were US$ 0.42–0.51 per 100 g.Locally available raw materials could be used for developing MDs for children with BCAAs disorders at low cost. The products are useful for low‐income patients in developing countries. The efficacy of these MDs used as an alternative treatment in children with branched‐chain organic acidurias should be further evaluated.Support or Funding InformationThis research work is partially supported by RA scholarship from the Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University Academic Year 2012