bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an endemic viral infection throughout the world: approximately 3% (170 million) of the world’s population is infected.1 Although HCV is uncommon among international adoptees,2 it is important to identify infected children for proper monitoring and in some cases, treatment. Evidence of HCV exposure or infection is found on 5%–10% of pre-adoption medical referrals from Russia and Eastern Europe. Such records do not reliably identify infected children. Differentiation of maternal antibody from infection is usually not possible on the basis of information provided in pre-adoptive medical records. Thus, advising prospective parents is difficult. This section reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic tests, and current treatments of HCV, as they relate to the internationally adopted child.
Syphilis
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Syphilis is seldom diagnosed in newly arrived international adoptees (Table 19–1). Most infected children are asymptomatic and are identified by routine screening. Many additional children have been diagnosed and treated in their birth countries prior to adoption, most of them from Russia and countries of the former Soviet Union. Although an infrequent problem, unrecognized syphilis has severe consequences. This section reviews the epidemiology of syphilis in sending countries, specific concerns for international adoptees, diagnosis and clinical features of congenital syphilis presenting after the newborn period, and current recommendations for treatment and follow-up. Management of acquired syphilis has been recently reviewed elsewhere.
Precocious Puberty
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 1981, an abstract from Sweden reported a cluster of seven adopted Indian/ Bangladeshi girls with early pubertal development.1 Since then, a number of additional reports from Sweden, Belgium, France, and Italy indicate a surprising number of internationally adopted girls with precocious pu berty. No clinical studies have yet precisely defined the prevalence of this condition; rather, reports originating from pediatric endocrine clinics suggest an apparent overrepresentation of internationally adopted girls with precocious puberty. For example, 8/32 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty at a pediatric endocrine clinic in Belgium were adopted from (unspecified) developing countries. A Swedish report describing specialized treatment of precocious puberty included 50 girls adopted from India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Colombia, and Peru. Likewise, a Dutch report listed 27 girls and 3 boys with precocious puberty adopted from Sri Lanka, India, Colombia, and South Korea. Notably, only sporadic cases of internationally adopted boys with precocious puberty have been reported.
Behavioral And Mental Disorders
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1960, child psychiatrist Marshall D. Schechter reported a hundredfold increase of adopted patients in his practice compared with what would be expected in the general population. This claim (based on a small group of children seen by one psychiatrist), though reportedly based on a misinterpretation of the published adoption literature,2 received widespread publicity, reinforcing the notion that adoptees frequently have mental and psychiatric disturbances. Adoptees are overrepresented among mental health care recipients: about 8%–10% of children receiving in-patient or out-patient psychiatric services are adopted (range 2.4%–25%). However, the reasons for this are complex. Adoptive families may be more likely to seek help for problems because of their relative maturity, socioeconomic status, and familiarity with social service availability. Indeed, adoptees are underrepresented in juvenile court populations, possibly because adoptive parents seek psychiatric care if their child demonstrates delinquent or undesirable behaviors. Similarly, adoptees may be underrepresented among adult mental health populations,7 perhaps because psychological issues are addressed during the teenage years.
After The Adoption: Unspoken Problems
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most internationally adopted children are a source of immense joy to families. However, some families have unexpectedly difficult experiences during the adoption process or afterward. These problems related to international adoption are rarely addressed or only reported in sensational media stories. Moreover, adoptive families are not immune to troublesome issues which affect birth families. Adoption adds an extra dimension of complexity to these situations. In this section, some of these unspoken topics—parent stress, severely disturbed children, adoption disruption and dissolution, and post-adoption child abuse—will be discussed.
Interview with William Styron
Authors: Styron William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Q: The best way to begin this conversation is to talk about your early childhood growing up in the South.
William Styron: I guess I was a little unusual as a kid growing up in the Virginia Tidewater, in a segregated society in the 1930s, in that I was a bit more sensitive than most of my young contemporaries to the ironies and paradoxes of this thing they called Jim Crow segregation. I was sensitive to it because it seemed to me a situation that had no real reason for being. I couldn’t understand why an entire race of people in an area which was 40 percent black should be treated as second-class citizens. I don’t claim any special enlightenment, but I do think I had the influence of both my mother and father who were, by the standards of that day, advanced in their thinking, liberal, enlightened, and who I think at an early age taught me that this whole system was something profoundly wrong, profoundly evil.
News Center of the World
Authors: Ritchie Donald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Joe McCarthy hunted for Reds in the government, reporters for the Soviet news agency TASS could watch him from the congressional press galleries. The columnist Joseph Alsop mused that “anybody could go anywhere; you didn’t even need a card to get in the White House, and even Larry Todd got into the press conferences, and nobody thought anything about it.” He was referring to Laurence Todd, the mild-mannered, scholarly correspondent for TASS. Both the liberal columnist Drew Pearson and the conservative Chicago Tribune correspondent Walter Trohan counted Todd as a personal friend, regardless of his employer. By the time the Cold War started, on the heels of World War II, Todd had represented TASS in Washington for two decades and had become the dean of the State Department’s press corps. His press pass let him dine in the State Department cafeteria, a hub of office gossip, and attend off-the-record briefings on matters of national security. American officials assumed that TASS reporters were Communists at best and spies at worst, yet when anti-Communists in Congress tried to expel TASS from the press galleries, the State Department and the Standing Committee of Correspondents rallied to its defense. Even TASS belonged to what members of the press corps referred to as the “international fraternity of reporters.”
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Collins R Lorraine , Muraven Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The drinking restraint model suggests that excessive/binge drinking occurs in a cognitive context in which the individual alternates between being attracted to alcohol and being concerned about the need to restrict/regulate alcohol intake (Bensley, 1991; Collins, 1993). Some “restrained drinkers” may be so preoccupied with the need to lessen or control their alcohol intake that they invoke rules and set limits on alcohol use (Collins, 1993; Ruderman & McKirnan, 1984). Paradoxically, the thinking about the need to limit/regulate alcohol intake, while not being successful at such regulation, can precipitate excessive drinking (Collins & Lapp, 1991; Marlatt, 1985). In this way, drinking restraint may be a risk factor for excessive drinking and alcohol-related problems (Bensley, Kuna, & Steele, 1990; Collins, 1993; Connor, Young, Williams, & Ricciardelli, 2000; Connors, Collins, Dermen, & Koutsky, 1998; Curry, Southwick, & Steele, 1987).
Assessing the Impact of Fihromyalgia Syndrome in Real Time
Authors: Turk Dennis C , Burwinkle, Tasha , Showlund Melonie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents preliminary data from a study using real-time data capture (RTDC) in a sample of 201 treatment-seeking fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) patients. FMS consists of a pervasive set of unexplained physical symptoms with generalized pain and hypersensitivity to palpation at specific body locations (“tender points”) as the cardinal features. In addition to pain, FMS patients report a range offunctional limitations and psychological dysfunction, including fatigue, sleep disturbance, headaches, irritable bowel disorders, depression, and anxiety (Wolfe et al., 1990). FMS sufferers report that although their pain fluctuates in intensity, it is nearly continuous. They also frequently note that although they are often able to engage in physical activities, they experience pain and excessive fatigue at a later point, either later that day or on a subsequent day, and thus tend to avoid as many activities as possible to prevent exacerbation of pain and exhaustion. The majority of studies of FMS ask patients to provide retrospective reports regarding their pain, fatigue, and mood, among others. Such retrospective reports make it difficult to evaluate the stability of symptoms over time and especially the lagged effect of pain, mood, and fatigue on subsequent pain, mood, and fatigue.
Technological Innovations Enabling Automatic, Context-Sensitive Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Intille Stephen S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Health-related behavior, subjective states, cognitions, and interpersonal experiences are inextricably linked to context. Context includes information about location, time, past activities, interaction with other people and objects, and mental, physiological, and emotional states. Most real-time data collection methodologies require that subjects self-report information about contextual influences, notwithstanding the difficulty they have identifying the contextual factors that are influencing their behavior and subjective states. Often these assessment methodologies ask subjects to report on their activities or thoughts long after the actual events, thereby relying on retrospective recall and introducing memory biases. The “gold standard” alternative to these self-report instruments is direct observation. Direct observation in a laboratory setting, however, artificially constrains behavior. Direct observation is also typically too costly and invasive for long-term, large-sample-size studies of people in their natural environments.
Thoughts on the Present State of Real-Time Data Capture
Authors: Stone Arthur A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this book is to present readers with an overview of the theory and technology available to researchers for capturing data from people as they go about their daily lives. Undoubtedly, a conference on real-time data held 10 years from now will include presentations of unimaginably sophisticated monitoring devices and, given advances in the field, will yield recommendations quite different than ones found in this volume. As more researchers from the behavioral sciences and from other scientific disciplines adopt real-time methods for their work, there will be a deepening of all aspects of the field-from data capture techniques through the analyses of the data. The chapter authors have argued persuasively that there are compelling reasons for collecting real-time data, including the importance of the data and the potential knowledge gained from the availability of repeated daily assessments to examine dynamic and complex processes.
Independence Won, 1816–1824
Authors: Chasteen John Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Only the sparsely populated provinces of the R-o de la Plata remained in rebellion by 1816. To complete the reconquest of Spain’s colonies in América, Fernando VII vowed to assemble a second expeditionary force at Cádiz, and this time the target would unquestionably be Buenos Aires. The situation in New Spain, Peru, and Upper Peru was by then so firmly in hand that the stalwart viceroys Calleja and Abascal could retire to enjoy their prestige as saviors of the Spanish empire. Portuguese king João VI (who had finally graduated from being prince regent because of the recent death of his mother, the mad queen Maria I) seemed totally secure on his Brazilian throne. Yet within a few years both Spanish and Portuguese control would dissolve with a minimum of resistance.
Multicultural Awareness: 1968-1990
Authors: Volk Terese M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The years from 1968 to 1990 were a period of growing awareness of the pluralistic nature of American society brought about by increased immigration and the pressures from various ethnic groups for equal recognition and representation. In education, the need for multicultural approaches to learning, which generated bilingual/multicultural education programs, echoed this awareness. Music education likewise felt the changes in society, and, impelled by the recent Tanglewood Symposium, set about implementing the musics from many cultures in the school music curriculum.
Interlude: The End of the Beginning
Authors: Volk Terese M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Multicultural education did not develop in a vacuum, but has been answering the larger agenda of the American society as reflected by government actions for the greater part of this century. It was the immigration legislation of the 1920s that first affected intercultural education, and the repeal of the national origins restrictions in 1965 that resulted in large demographic changes and eventually to laws establishing bilingual education and ethnic studies programs. In addition, Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. the Board of Education have left indelible marks on education in this century. Even federal foreign policy has had a role in what happens in the public schools to some extent. Music education has been found to be “more dependent on its societal context than we ever suspected.”2 The same can be said of multicultural music education.
Materials and Methodologies
Authors: Volk Terese M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For every new development in multicultural music education, corresponding new research has helped implement it. By far, the greatest productivity has occurred in the area of methods and materials. Like most new ideas, they have had their good points and their shortcomings, and it is up to music educators to pick and choose among them to find the best combination for each class they teach.
Heady Connections: The Nervous System and Behavioral Changes
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When my patients tell me they feel as though their brains had been fried, I have to know what is going on in order to help them. For many reasons, the central nervous system (CNS) and its related behavioral changes in lupus are the most misunderstood and mismanaged aspects of the disease. The numerous signs and symptoms that are found may indicate any of twelve clinical and behavioral syndromes associated with systemic lupus. Since all of these syndromes are managed differently, carefully honed diagnostic skills on the part of your doctor will be important. Working together, patients, allied health professionals, and physicians can optimize the management of nervous system lupus.
The Head, Neck, and Sjógren’s Syndrome
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you are a lupus patient, do you find it hard to see clearly? Do your ears ring? Do you get crops of mouth sores? Do you suck on Lifesavers constantly to make your mouth less dry? Have you ever lost your voice? The eyes, ears, nose, mouth, salivary glands, and larynx are occasionally affected by lupus either as a manifestation of active disease, the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, or an adverse reaction to lupus medication. Even though they are present in only a minority of cases, pertinent head and neck symptoms and signs are too important to be overlooked. This section reviews the head and neck areas and how problems in these areas are related to lupus.
Why Do Blood Clots Develop?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As many as one-third of all deaths due to complications from lupus arise from blood-clotting abnormalities. The saga of how we came to see that patients with SLE were especially susceptible to blood clots is one of the more interesting and convoluted tales in rheumatology. After 40 years of struggling with the problem, rheumatologists finally realized that the solution lay in tying the knot right under our nose. Fortunately, rapid developments in this area over the last decade should greatly decrease complication and mortality rates in this group at risk.
Is It Really Lupus?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ten million Americans have a positive lupus blood test, but probably less than one million have lupus. Many people fulfill one, two, or three American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE but lack the requisite four criteria reviewed in Chapter 2. What do they have? Are other autoimmune diseases present? And while we’re on the subject, are there any other disorders that lupus patients tend to get or are spared from? When your physician considers the presence of other similar diseases, this decision process is called differential diagnosis. This chapter will put these issues into a practical, logical perspective.
Other Options: Treatments Occasionally Used to Manage Lupus
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In addition to the disease-modifying drugs discussed in the last chapter, many other agents have a place in managing different aspects of lupus. These drugs or therapies “fall into the cracks,” or have limited uses under special circumstances. Most of them have a “bridging” function: they are used for short periods of time until one of the disease-modifying agents discussed in the previous chapter becomes effective. This section offers a brief overview of these bridge therapies.
What’s the Prognosis?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When I first diagnose a patient with systemic lupus, she frequently inquires about the bottom line. She wants to know outcomes. Will I live? Can I have children? Is this crippling or deforming? Many lupus patients have excellent outcomes, live normal lives, and generally feel well. Others have serious impairments. I have to tell my patients that the prognosis, or bottom line, varies from individual to individual, and is dependent on many factors.
Tone and Intonation
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Chase Constance 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The vocabulary available to describe a singing tone, beautiful or not, is weak and nonspecific at best. Furthermore, the definition of a beautiful tone, which may include many factors, will differ from director to director. Yet a clear understanding of what he or she finds beautiful on a particular piece of music is helpful to a director and well worth the effort to clarify a personal aesthetic point of view. Decide how important beauty of tone is to you in your work. Perhaps this differs from composition to composition. Perhaps beauty’s appropriateness to the meaning or to the achievement of a powerful effect seem more important qualities to you at times. Perhaps musical accuracy is the prime goal. Come to a personal definition of vocal beauty. Familiarize yourself with the various basic attributes of vocal beauty, carrying power, impressive size of tone, and so on. See the following Discussion. Tonal beauty is indeed in the ear of the beholder. Every person will have an ideal tone, as does each culture. The Western hemisphere’s epitome of tonal beauty is sharply at odds with the ideal of singing beauty generally held by the countries of the East.
Mental Skills
Authors: Emmons Shirlee , Chase Constance 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can one train for peak performance? As a choral conductor, you are no different from an elite athlete. An athlete’s peak performance is the outcome of physical, technical, and mental factors, and so is yours. Mind and body cannot be separated in peak performance, which exhibits the strength of the mind-body link. In it, what one thinks is echoed by what one does. There is, of course, no substitute for complete mastery of technical skills—stick technique, an informed ear, effective leadership, and so on. However, the higher the level of physical and technical skills, the more important the mental aspects of performance become. For example, during the Olympics, every competitor has high technical and physical skills. That is why Olympic athletes readily admit that mental skills alone make the difference between the winners and losers in those contests. As Mark Spitz said in Montreal, after winning seven gold medals: “At this level of physical skill, the difference between winning and losing is 99 percent psychological.” The great golfer Jack Nicklaus said, “Mental preparation is the single most critical element in peak performance” (emphasis added).
Icarus, Isotopes, and Australopith Diets
Authors: Sponheimer Matt , Lee-Thorp Julia , De Ruiter Darryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early hominin diets can be studied in many ways, such as dental allometry/morphology, dental microwear, and archaeology (e.g., Robinson, 1954; Isaac, 1971; Grine, 1981). Although these and other techniques are commonly used to reconstruct “diet,” we rarely question the degree to which they are actually capable of doing so. For instance, in the strictest sense, dental morphology cannot tell us about the totality of an organism’s diet, but it can tell us about the foods that proved challenging to that organism’s ancestors, whether they were consumed daily, seasonally, or only during short periods of extreme privation. Thus, while there certainly is an important relationship between dental morphology and diet, it is far less direct than researchers often assume. Dental microwear, in turn, does reveal something of what an individual ingested; yet, it probably tells us mostly about the mechanical properties of these foods and the exogenous grit with which they are associated. A main point of this disquisition is not to suggest that these tools and others are not useful because they patently are useful and important, but rather that we often talk about reconstructing “diet,” when we are in fact illuminating only facets of the complicated interactions between an organism and its environment that broadly constitute diet.