bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scots pine – panmixia and the elusive signal of genetic adaptation
Authors: Bruxaux Jade , Zhao Wei , Hall David , Curtu Alexandru Lucian , Androsiuk Piotr , Drouzas Andreas D. , Gailing Oliver , Konrad Heino , Sullivan Alexis R. , Semerikov Vladimir , Wang Xiao‐Ru 
Published: February 2024

Summary

Scots pine is the foundation species of diverse forested ecosystems across Eurasia and displays remarkable ecological breadth, occurring in environments ranging from temperate rainforests to arid tundra margins. Such expansive distributions can be favored by various demographic and adaptive processes and the interactions between them.

To understand the impact of neutral and selective forces on genetic structure in Scots pine, we conducted range‐wide population genetic analyses on 2321 trees from 202 populations using genotyping‐by‐sequencing, reconstructed the recent demography of the species and examined signals of genetic adaptation.

We found a high and uniform genetic diversity across the entire range (global FST 0.048), no increased genetic load in expanding populations and minor impact of the last glacial maximum on historical population sizes. Genetic‐environmental associations identified only a handful of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms significantly linked to environmental gradients.

The results suggest that extensive gene flow is predominantly responsible for the observed genetic patterns in Scots pine. The apparent missing signal of genetic adaptation is likely attributed to the intricate genetic architecture controlling adaptation to multi‐dimensional environments. The panmixia metapopulation of Scots pine offers a good study system for further exploration into how genetic adaptation and plasticity evolve under gene flow and changing environment.
Symbiont plasticity as a driver of plant success
Authors: Zobel Martin , Koorem Kadri , Moora Mari , Semchenko Marina , Davison John 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWe discuss which plant species are likely to become winners, that is achieve the highest global abundance, in changing landscapes, and whether plant‐associated microbes play a determining role. Reduction and fragmentation of natural habitats in historic landscapes have led to the emergence of patchy, hybrid landscapes, and novel landscapes where anthropogenic ecosystems prevail. In patchy landscapes, species with broad niches are favoured. Plasticity in the degree of association with symbiotic microbes may contribute to broader plant niches and optimization of symbiosis costs and benefits, by downregulating symbiosis when it is unnecessary and upregulating it when it is beneficial. Plasticity can also be expressed as the switch from one type of mutualism to another, for example from nutritive to defensive mutualism with increasing soil fertility and the associated increase in parasite load. Upon dispersal, wide mutualistic partner receptivity is another facet of symbiont plasticity that becomes beneficial, because plants are not limited by the availability of specialist partners when arriving at new locations. Thus, under conditions of global change, symbiont plasticity allows plants to optimize the activity of mutualistic relationships, potentially allowing them to become winners by maximizing geographic occupancy and local abundance.
Content analysis of oral (mouth) cancer‐related posts on Instagram
Authors: Al Karadsheh Omar , Atef Alaa , Alqaisi Dua’a , Zabadi Siraj , Hassona Yazan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the content of Instagram posts about oral cancer and assess its usefulness in promoting oral cancer awareness and early detection practices.MethodsA systematic search of Instagram for posts about oral (mouth) cancer was conducted using the hashtags #oral cancer and #mouth cancer. Posts usefulness in promoting awareness and early detection was assessed using the early detection usefulness score, and caption readability was assessed using the Flesch Kincaid readability score.ResultsA total of 81,000 posts were identified, and 200 posts were thoroughly evaluated. Included posts gathered a total of 48,118 (mean = 420.59 likes) and 27,898 views. Most posts (81.5%) were educational to the lay person, and India and the UK were the major contributors. The most discussed topics were prevention and early detection (55%). Representative clinical images were present in 35.5% of posts. Only 9.5% of posts mentioned the source of information, and the mean usefulness score was only 2.1 out of 10. The mean reading ease score was 56.7 ± 43.8 (range from 1 to 98 out of 100).ConclusionInstagram shows potential for promoting oral cancer awareness, particularly in prevention and early detection. However, concerns regarding content quality, scientific validity, and clarity persist.
A data‐driven adaptive geospatial hotspot detection approach in smart cities
Authors: Yan Yuchen , Quan Wei , Wang Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHotspot detection from geo‐referenced urban data is critical for smart city research, such as traffic management and policy making. However, the classical clustering or classification approach for hotspot detection mainly aims at identifying “hotspot areas” rather than specific points, and the setting of global parameters such as search bandwidth can lead to inaccurate results when processing multi‐density urban data. In this article, a data‐driven adaptive hotspot detection (AHD) approach based on kernel density analysis is proposed and applied to various spatial objects. The adaptive search bandwidth is automatically calculated depending on the local density. Window detection is used to extract the specific hotspots in AHD, thus realizing a small‐scale characterization of urban hotspots. Through the trajectory data of Harbin City taxis and New York City crime data, Geo‐information Tupu is used to analyze the obtained specific hotspots and verify the effectiveness of AHD, providing new ideas for further research.
CPK28 is a modulator of purinergic signaling in plant growth and defense
Authors: Sowders Joel M. , Jewell Jeremy B. , Tanaka Kiwamu 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYExtracellular ATP (eATP) is a key signaling molecule that plays a pivotal role in plant growth and defense responses. The receptor P2K1 is responsible for perceiving eATP and initiating its signaling cascade. However, the signal transduction mechanisms downstream of P2K1 activation remain incompletely understood. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the P2K1 interactome using co‐immunoprecipitation‐coupled tandem mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of 121 candidate proteins interacting with P2K1. In silico analysis narrowed down the candidates to 47 proteins, including Ca2+‐binding proteins, ion transport‐related proteins, and receptor kinases. To investigate their involvement in eATP signaling, we employed a screening strategy based on changes in gene expression in response to eATP in mutants of the identified interactors. This screening revealed several Ca2+‐dependent protein kinases (CPKs) that significantly affected the expression of eATP‐responsive genes, suggesting their potential roles in eATP signaling. Notably, CPK28 and CPK6 showed physical interactions with P2K1 both in yeast and plant systems. Calcium influx and gene expression studies demonstrated that CPK28 perturbed eATP‐induced Ca2+ mobilization and some early transcriptional responses. Overexpression of CPK28 resulted in an antagonistic physiological response to P2K1‐mediated eATP signaling during both plant growth and defense responses to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Our findings highlight CPK28, among other CPKs, as a modulator of P2K1‐mediated eATP signaling, providing valuable insights into the coordination of eATP signaling in plant growth and immunity.
Development of pro‐angiogenic skin substitutes for wound healing
Authors: Song Hengyue , Hao Dake , Zhou Jianda , Farmer Diana , Wang Aijun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWounds pose significant challenges to public health, primarily due to the loss of the mechanical integrity and barrier function of the skin and impaired angiogenesis, causing physical morbidities and psychological trauma to affect patients. Reconstructing the vasculature of the wound bed is crucial for promoting wound healing, reducing scar formation and enhancing the quality of life for patients. The development of pro‐angiogenic skin substitutes has emerged as a promising strategy to facilitate vascularization and expedite the healing process of burn wounds. This review provides an overview of the various types of skin substitutes employed in wound healing, explicitly emphasising those designed to enhance angiogenesis. Synthetic scaffolds, biological matrices and tissue‐engineered constructs incorporating stem cells and primary cells, cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), pro‐angiogenic growth factors and peptides, as well as gene therapy‐based skin substitutes are thoroughly examined. The review summarises the existing challenges, future directions and potential innovations in pro‐angiogenic dressing for skin substitutes. It highlights the need for continued research to develop new technologies and combine multiple strategies and factors, and to overcome obstacles and advance the field, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for wound patients.
Principles of synaptic encoding of brainstem circadian rhythms
Authors: Ragozzino Forrest J. , Karatsoreos Ilia N. , Peters James H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCircadian regulation of autonomic tone and reflex pathways pairs physiological processes with the daily light cycle. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating these changes on autonomic neurocircuitry are only beginning to be understood. The brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and adjacent nuclei, including the area postrema and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, are key candidates for rhythmic control of some aspects of the autonomic nervous system. Recent findings have contributed to a working model of circadian regulation in the brainstem which manifests from the transcriptional, to synaptic, to circuit levels of organization. Vagal afferent neurons and the NTS possess rhythmic clock gene expression, rhythmic action potential firing, and our recent findings demonstrate rhythmic spontaneous glutamate release. In addition, postsynaptic conductances also vary across the day producing subtle changes in membrane depolarization which govern synaptic efficacy. Together these coordinated pre‐ and postsynaptic changes provide nuanced control of synaptic transmission across the day to tune the sensitivity of primary afferent input and likely govern reflex output. Further, given the important role for the brainstem in integrating cues such as feeding, cardiovascular function and temperature, it may also be an underappreciated locus in mediating the effects of such non‐photic entraining cues. This short review focuses on the neurophysiological principles that govern NTS synaptic transmission and how circadian rhythms impacted them across the day.
Omisiones del asegurado y reticencia. impacto en el contrato de seguros en las legislaciones española y costarricense
Authors: Arias Mora Nancy 
Published: February 2024

Las declaraciones que deben hacer los consumidores de seguros, contienen implícita la obligación de decir verdad en cumplimiento del principio de máxima buena fe que informa los contratos de seguros. Los ordenamientos jurídicos incluyen la sanción ante el incumplimiento de ésta.
La sanción para el asegurado, siendo la parte débil del contrato, hace que pierda el derecho a la indemnización y, en algunos casos, implica la nulidad del contrato, con lo cual además pierde la prima que ha pagado.
En contraposición, no se encuentra establecida legalmente la obligación de hacer una buena selección del riesgo por parte de las aseguradoras pues ante la reticencia del asegurado, se liberan del pago de la indemnización y en ocasiones, retener las primas pagadas.
Se compara la legislación española con la costarricense, reflexionando sobre el desequilibrio que genera la reticencia para el consumidor y sus derechos frente a la aseguradora.
ODS 3, Legal Design y nuevas tecnologías en seguros de vida y salud
Authors: Novaes da Silva Anthony Charles de , Acosta Olivo Carlos 
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo explora el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 3 (ODS 3) respecto a garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar para todas las personas, basándose en el potencial transformador de las nuevas tecnologías y la innovación en el ámbito de los seguros de vida y salud.
A través de un enfoque interdisciplinar, este documento explora las sinergias entre el ODS3, el legal design y las nuevas tecnologías, a ejemplo de la Inteligencia Artificial, destacando su potencial para revolucionar el sector de los seguros de vida y salud. De esta manera, el sector de los seguros puede desempeñar un papel fundamental en el avance del ODS 3 y en el avance del bienestar general de las personas y la comunidad a nivel mundial.
El seguro sobre la vida. Aspectos neurálgicos
Authors: Jaramillo J. Carlos Ignacio 
Published: February 2024

El propósito del presente escrito, estriba en abordar los aspectos más salientes del seguro sobre la vida, sabedores de que este tipo aseguraticio, ciertamente, es uno de los más resonantes, a la par que de amplio espectro temático, motivo por el cual, por entendibles razones de espacio, no podremos auscultar toda su problemática, a plenitud, como lo hubiéramos deseado. Ello explica, en consecuencia, su indicativo rótulo: 'El seguro sobre la vida. Aspectos neurálgicos'.
Por consiguiente, conscientes de la descrita realidad, abordaremos entonces los temas más neurálgicos de tan trascendente seguro, el que sin perjuicio de existir hace varias centurias, stricto sensu, y de traducirse en uno de los más grandilocuentes, signado por su indiscutida función social, sigue ocupando, y con razón, un sitial de preferencia en la esfera aseguraticia y reaseguraticia nacional e internacional.
De ahí, en concreto, que analizaremos temas tales como su importancia preliminar, sus antecedentes históricos (primera y segunda etapa), su marco normativo, su noción aproximativa, su naturaleza, las partes contratantes, y el régimen concerniente al beneficiario, tanto en el Derecho colombiano, como en el Derecho comparado, en lo pertinente.
Fragility Analysis and Resilience Assessment of the Single-Column Pier Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge Subjected to Seismic Loads
Authors: Wang Tong , Gao Qingfei , Dong Yidian , Xu Hao , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the advantages of a small footprint, wide under-bridge view, and beautiful appearance, single-column pier bridges are widely used in urban bridge networks. However, single-column pier bridges are prone to damage during earthquakes or heavy vehicle use, which can seriously affect normal operations and postdisaster recoveries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to carry out seismic resilience assessments of single-column pier bridges and formulate disaster prevention and mitigation measures from the aspects of design, maintenance, and postearthquake recovery. This paper first establishes a resilience assessment framework for the single-column pier bridge and optimizes a functionality recovery model after an earthquake. Then, a numerical model of a sample bridge is built for resilience fragility analysis. Nonlinear dynamic time history analysis is performed to build a probabilistic seismic demand model, and moment–curvature analysis is performed to build a probabilistic seismic capacity model. Finally, a seismic resilience assessment of the single-column pier bridge is obtained based on the seismic fragility, and a sensitivity analysis is carried out for the pier height, pier section dimension, span and vehicle load level to improve the resilience of the single-column pier bridge.
Generation of streptocarbazoles with cytotoxicities by pathway engineering and insights into their biosynthesis
Authors: Xiao Fei , Xu Mingyuan , Cheng Yongmeng , Li Tong , Hong Kui , Li Wenli 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptocarbazoles are a class of indolocarbazole (ICZ) compounds produced by
Streptomyces
strains that feature unique cyclic
N
-glycosidic linkages between the 1,3-carbon atoms of the glycosyl moiety and the two indole nitrogen atoms. Although several streptocarbazole compounds display effective cytotoxic activity, their biosynthesis remains unclear. Herein, through the inactivation of the aminotransferase gene
spcI
in the staurosporine biosynthetic gene cluster
spc
followed by heterologous expression, two new streptocarbazole derivatives (
1
and
3
) and three known ICZs (
2
,
4
, and
5
) were generated. Their structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic methods, circular dichroism measurements, and single-crystal X-ray diﬀraction. Compounds
1–4
displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line, and compounds
3
and
4
were effective against Huh 7 cell line. Double-gene knockout experiments allowed us to propose a biosynthetic pathway for streptocarbazole productions. Furthermore, by overexpression of the involving key enzymes, the production of streptocarbazoles
1
and
3
were improved by approximately 1.5–2.5 fold.

IMPORTANCE

Indolocarbazoles (ICZs) are a group of antitumor agents, with several analogs used in clinical trials. Therefore, the identification of novel ICZ compounds is important for drug discovery. Streptocarbazoles harbor unique
N
-glycosidic linkages (N13-C1′ and N12-C3′), distinguishing them from the representative ICZ compound staurosporine; however, their biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, two new streptocarbazoles (
1
and
3
) with cytotoxic activities were obtained by manipulating the staurosporine biosynthetic gene cluster
spc
followed by heterologous expression. The biosynthetic pathway of streptocarbazoles was proposed, and their productions were improved through the overexpression of the key enzymes involved. This study enriches the structural diversity of ICZ compounds and would facilitate the discovery of new streptocarbazoles via synthetic biological strategies.
Measuring patients’ experience of nursing quality in acute hospitals: review of existing scales and development and psychometric validation of a new scale
Authors: Blume Kai Svane , Kirchner-Heklau Uta , Winter Vera , Meyer Gabriele , Fleischer Steffen 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of existing instruments measuring patient-perceived quality of nursing care and to develop and psychometrically evaluate a new multidimensional scale applicable to the German acute care sector.DesignWe conducted a scale development and validation study involving the following phases: (1) performing a structured literature search to identify existing scales, (2) generating an initial pool of items using the results of the literature search and expert interviews, (3) coding/categorising the item pool, (4) organising a peer researcher workshop to select relevant items, (5) drafting the survey questionnaire and conducting cognitive pretesting, (6) pilot testing the survey questionnaire, (7) administering the survey to a large sample of hospital patients and (8) conducting a psychometric evaluation comprising exploratory factor analysis using the survey results, followed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity assessment of the resulting draft scale.Survey participants17 859 recently hospitalised patients discharged from non-intensive care in non-paediatric and non-psychiatric hospital units in Germany between May and October 2019.ResultsWe identified 32 instruments comprising 635 items on nursing care quality. Alongside 135 indicators derived from expert interviews, these formed our initial item pool, which we coded into 15 categories. From this pool, 36 items were selected in the peer researcher workshop for pretesting and psychometric evaluation. Based on the results of our exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we propose a second-order scale to measure Patients’ Experience of Nursing Quality in Acute Hospitals (PENQuAH), including the two higher-order dimensions ‘patients’ perception of direct nursing care activities’ and ‘patients’ perception of guidance provided by nurses’. The results of various tests suggest the scale has sufficient goodness of fit, reliability and validity.ConclusionsThe PENQuAH scale is promising in terms of its psychometric properties, the plausibility and meaningfulness of its dimensions, and its ease of use.
Pivotal relationship between heavy metal, PM2.5exposures and tuberculosis in Bangladeshi children: protocol paper of a case–control study
Authors: Haque Rehnuma , Hanson Molly , Shariful Islam Md , Akter Nazrin , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Alam Md Jahangir , Kamruzzaman Md , Rahman Mahbubur , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Raqib Rubhana , Rahman Syed Moshfiqur 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAir pollution is a global issue that poses a significant threat to public health. Children, due to their developing physiology, are particularly susceptible to the inhalation of environmental pollutants. Exposure can trigger immune modulation and organ damage, increasing susceptibility to respiratory diseases. Therefore, we aim to examine the association between heavy metal and particulate matter exposure with tuberculosis in children.Methods and analysisAs a case–control study, we will include children diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (n=60) and matched healthy controls (n=80) recruited from the same communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Exposure data for both cases and controls will be collected by a trained field team conducting home visits. They will administer an exposure questionnaire, measure child anthropometry, collect blood and household dust samples and instal 48-hour air quality monitors. The blood samples will be analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for serum heavy metal concentrations (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and chromium), as a representative marker of exposure, and the presence of inflammatory biomarkers. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent samples t-tests, analysis of variance and conditional regression analysis, will be used to quantify heavy metal and particulate matter exposure status in tuberculosis cases compared with healthy controls, while accounting for potential confounders. Dust samples and air quality results will be analysed to understand household sources of heavy metal and particulate matter exposure. To test the study hypothesis, there is a positive association between exposure and tuberculosis diseases, we will also measure the accumulated effect of simultaneous exposures using Bayesian statistical modelling.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh’s Institutional Review Board (PR-22030). The study findings will be disseminated at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.