bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALTERED LEVEL OF APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE/REDOX FACTOR‐1 (APE/Ref‐1) mRNA IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF OVARIECTOMIZED RATS TREATED BY RALOXIFENE AGAINST KAINIC ACID
Authors: Yalcin Ayfer , Kanit Lutfiye , Durmaz Guliz , Sargin Sehnaz , Terek Cosan H , Tanyolac Bahattin 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. Accumulated clinical evidence suggests that selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERM), such as raloxifene, may be neuroprotective. Oxidative stress is a likely molecular mechanism in the neurotoxicity of kainic acid (KA), an excitotoxic substance. The expression levels of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor‐1 (APE/Ref‐1) gene seem to correlate with cellular sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in the expression of APE/Ref‐1 may cause oxidative DNA damage.2. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of KA and raloxifene on the level of APE/Ref‐1 mRNA in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats. The expression of the APE/Ref‐1 gene was quantified using reverse transcription followed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.3. The results show that the level of APE/Ref‐1 mRNA increased significantly in raloxifene‐treated rats. However, raloxifene treatment did not affect the seizure severity induced by KA. We also observed that raloxifene treatment against simultaneous KA injection maintained the increased level of APE/Ref‐1 mRNA in the hippocampus.4. Therefore, the results of the present study seem to support previous data suggesting the potential significance of raloxifene in neuroprotection.
OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO NUCLEAR DNA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN‐DIABETIC RAT LIVER
Authors: Andican Gülnur , Burçak Gülden 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative and glycative stress is enhanced in diabetes. Oxidative stress induces DNA damage. In the present study, we assessed the 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) content of DNA, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic (n = 21) and control rats (n = 18).2. Rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal administration of STZ at a dose of 65 mg/kg. Glucose was determined by glucose oxidase and glycated haemoglobin (GHb), an indicator of glycative stress, was determined by agarose‐boronate affinity chromatography. 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine within the DNA (ratio of 8‐oxodG to deoxyguanosine (dG)) was assessed by HPLC in conjunction with both electrochemical (8‐oxodG) and diode array (dG) detection.3. Glucose, GHb and the extent of oxidative DNA damage in the liver of STZ‐diabetic rats were much higher compared with control rats. There was a correlation between GHb and 8‐oxodG/105 dG levels in control (r = 0.756, P < 0.001) and diabetic groups (r = 0.468, 0.02 < P < 0.05).4. These results clearly show that oxidative damage to hepatic nuclear DNA increases in the diabetic state and that this increase is correlated with glycative stress.
HYPOTHALAMIC ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF METOPROLOL IN CHRONIC AORTIC COARCTATED RATS
Authors: Höcht Christian , Opezzo Javier AW , Taira Carlos A 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible hypothalamic antihypertensive effect of metoprolol and its action on aminergic neurotransmission in sham‐operated (SO) rats and aortic coarctated (ACo) rats at a chronic hypertensive stage using the microdialysis technique.2. Hypothalamic metoprolol concentrations and their cardiovascular effects were measured after the intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg metoprolol. Based on metoprolol concentrations reached in the anterior hypothalamus, in a second experiment the anterior hypothalamus of SO and ACo animals was perfused with Ringer's solution containing approximately 7.5 µg/mL metoprolol. The cardiovascular effects of metoprolol perfusion and changes in hypothalamic dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5‐hydroxyindol acetic acid (5‐HIAA) levels were measured during the perfusion.3. After i.v. administration of metoprolol, a greater hypotensive effect was observed in ACo rats than in SO animals (Δ mean arterial pressure (MAP) −23.8 ± 2.1 vs−13.8 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively; n = 5 for both groups). Metoprolol rapidly reached the central nervous system (CNS) in both groups of rats and its levels were similar in SO and ACo rats. Intrahypothalamic perfusion with metoprolol induced a significative decrease in blood pressure in ACo animals (ΔMAP −13.3 ± 1.5 mmHg; n = 5; P < 0.05 vs Ringer perfusion), but not in SO rats (ΔMAP 3.4 ± 2.7 mmHg; n = 5). Metoprolol perfusion reduced hypothalamic levels of DOPAC in ACo rats (65 ± 7% of basal levels; n = 5; P < 0.05 vs Ringer perfusion), but not in SO animals (87 ± 5% of basal levels; n = 5). There were no changes in hypothalamic concentrations 5‐HIAA observed in either experimental group.4. In conclusion, metoprolol exerts a greater hypotensive effect in chronic ACo animals, suggesting a participation of β‐adrenoceptors in the maintenance of the hypertensive stage. Metoprolol distribution in the CNS is not affected by ACo. The hypotensive effect of metoprolol perfusion in ACo rats suggested that hypothalamic β‐adrenoceptor blockade is part of the antihypertensive effect of metoprolol in chronic ACo rats. The effects of metoprolol on DOPAC levels suggest a reduction of dopamine turnover in hypertensive animals, but not in SO rats.
The determination of aflatoxins in spices by immunoaffinity column extraction using HPLC
Authors: Bircan Cavit 
Published: August 2005

SummarySeventy‐five samples of different spices marketed in Turkey were purchased from bazaars, herbal shops and supermarkets. Equal amounts of paprika, chilli, black peppers and cumin were purchased and used to test and compare the amount of aflatoxin contamination. Two different analytical methods were examined for their efficacy by adding a known amount of aflatoxin to the blank samples of paprika. Twenty‐seven paprika, all the chilli powder and four ground black pepper samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 in the range of 0.5–116.4, 1.6–80.4 and 0.3–1.2 μg kg−1 respectively. Twenty‐three (30%) paprika and chilli powder samples were above the regulatory limits used in the European Union. No aflatoxin contamination was detected in the cumin samples at a detection limit of 0.2 μg kg−1.
The effect of rice flour on pasting and particle size distribution of green gram (Phaseolus radiata, L. Wilczek) dried batter
Authors: Walde Sudhir G. , Tummala Jyothirmayi , Lakshminarayan Sudha M. , Balaraman Manohar 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect on the pasting characteristics of green gram flour of the addition of rice flour was studied. The gelatinization temperature decreased from 75 °C for the control to 72 °C for samples containing different levels of rice flours. Average particle size of dried batter mix increased with the addition of varying percentages of rice (10, 15, 20 and 25%) from a control value of 236 μm to a maximum 310 μm. The addition of rice flour to green gram increased the water absorption in line with the amount of rice flour added. When rice flour was added, the protein content of the mixed sample of green gram batter and rice flour was reduced accordingly and the fat absorption in the samples also decreased. The foaming capacity of native ground flour, measured after 0.5 min, was double (130 mL) that of dried green gram batter (60 mL) which had been prepared by soaking, wet grinding and drying.
Correlation between endothelin expression in early post‐transplant biopsy specimens and long‐term allograft function in living‐related renal transplantation
Authors: Takeda Masashi , Ishida Toshiro , Ishimura Takeshi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: August 2005

Abstract:  Objective:  We investigated whether degree of immunohistochemically evident endothelin (ET) expression in early post‐transplant biopsy specimens could predict long‐term allograft function in living‐related renal transplantation.Methods:  Allograft biopsy specimens obtained from 40 patients with living‐related transplants were studied. Cases with episodes of acute rejection or calcineurin inhibitor toxicity were excluded. We immunostained graft biopsy specimens obtained at pre‐transplantation (PRE) and at 3 months (3M) afterward with anti‐ET antibody. The number of stained tubular epithelial cells per 1000 tubular cells was defined as the staining index (SI). In the 21 patients whom we could assess at 3 yr (3Y) after transplantation, the correlation between ET expression and long‐term graft function was examined.Results:  Anti‐ET antibody staining was appreciable in tubular epithelium but not in glomeruli. Tubular SI at PRE and at 3M were 10.6 ± 15.3 and 32.0 ± 35.6 (mean ± SD) respectively (p < 0.01). When patients were classified according to SI (group A, SI < 25; group B, SI > 25), declining ratio in creatinine clearance at 3Y after transplantation for groups A and B with respect was 21.8% ± 15.4% and 41.9% ± 21.6% (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  High ET expression in early post‐transplantion, biopsy specimens was related to poor long‐term allograft function following living‐related renal transplantation.
The Formation of Top Managers: a Discourse Analysis of Five Managerial Autobiographies
Authors: Sims David B. P. 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARYWhat do top managers see as the root of their success? This paper reports on a discourse analysis of five autobiographies from major industrial figures. Those chosen all had some disruption (war, being a refugee, or immigrant status) between the culture of their childhood and the culture in which they undertook their careers. This makes them more aware than most of their upbringing. Their accounts of their first 20 years are examined, and themes are drawn out for each of them. These themes are tabulated and some of the differences between them are discussed. Common themes are conspicuous by their absence. The paper discusses why this should not surprise us; top management is not one activity in one culture, and an upbringing that might have led one of these managers to success might have been disadvantageous to another. The paper concludes that the common factor between the accounts of the managers is that they all regard their upbringing as having fitted them particularly well for the company, industry and culture in which they were eventually successful.
THE OBSERVER
Authors: CRICK BERNARD 
Published: August 2005

“I have spent a most dismal day, first in going to church, then in reading the Sunday Times which grows duller and duller… then in reading through the rough draft of my novel which depresses me horribly. I really don't know which is the more stinking, the Sunday Times or the Observer. I go from one to the other like an invalid turning from side to side in bed and getting no comfort whichever way he turns.”(From a letter of Eric Blair written on a Sunday in 1932)
Estimating Hydraulic Properties Using a Moving‐Model Approach and Multiple Aquifer Tests
Authors: Halford Keith J. , Yobbi Dann 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new method was developed for characterizing geohydrologic columns that extended >600 m deep at sites with as many as six discrete aquifers. This method was applied at 12 sites within the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Sites typically were equipped with multiple production wells, one for each aquifer and one or more observation wells per aquifer. The average hydraulic properties of the aquifers and confining units within radii of 30 to >300 m were characterized at each site. Aquifers were pumped individually and water levels were monitored in stressed and adjacent aquifers during each pumping event. Drawdowns at a site were interpreted using a radial numerical model that extended from land surface to the base of the geohydrologic column and simulated all pumping events. Conceptually, the radial model moves between stress periods and recenters on the production well during each test. Hydraulic conductivity was assumed homogeneous and isotropic within each aquifer and confining unit. Hydraulic property estimates for all of the aquifers and confining units were consistent and reasonable because results from multiple aquifers and pumping events were analyzed simultaneously.
Search for R-Parity violating SUSY with the DØ Experiment
Authors:   for the DØ Collaboration., Autermann Christian 
Published: August 2005

We have searched for R-parity violating supersymmetry in final states with electrons and muons, assuming a single non-zero LLĒ or [Formula: see text] coupling, in particular λ121, λ122 or λ′211. In the absence of an excess in the data, upper cross-section limits are set as a function of gaugino and slepton masses. The searches are performed on data collected with the DØ detector in Run II, at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV and an integrated luminosity of up to 240 pb-1. All limits are improving significantly compared to the DØ Run I results.
The development of common data elements for a multi-institute prostate cancer tissue bank: The Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) experience
Authors: Patel Ashokkumar A , Kajdacsy-Balla André , Berman Jules J , Bosland Maarten , Datta Milton W , Dhir Rajiv , Gilbertson John , Melamed Jonathan , Orenstein Jan , Tai Kuei-Fang , Becich Michael J 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Background
The Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) is a consortium of four geographically dispersed institutions that are funded by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) to provide clinically annotated prostate cancer tissue samples to researchers. To facilitate this effort, it was critical to arrive at agreed upon common data elements (CDEs) that could be used to collect demographic, pathologic, treatment and clinical outcome data.

Methods
The CPCTR investigators convened a CDE curation subcommittee to develop and implement CDEs for the annotation of collected prostate tissues. The draft CDEs were refined and progressively annotated to make them ISO 11179 compliant. The CDEs were implemented in the CPCTR database and tested using software query tools developed by the investigators.

Results
By collaborative consensus the CPCTR CDE subcommittee developed 145 data elements to annotate the tissue samples collected. These included for each case: 1) demographic data, 2) clinical history, 3) pathology specimen level elements to describe the staging, grading and other characteristics of individual surgical pathology cases, 4) tissue block level annotation critical to managing a virtual inventory of cases and facilitating case selection, and 5) clinical outcome data including treatment, recurrence and vital status. These elements have been used successfully to respond to over 60 requests by end-users for tissue, including paraffin blocks from cases with 5 to 10 years of follow up, tissue microarrays (TMAs), as well as frozen tissue collected prospectively for genomic profiling and genetic studies. The CPCTR CDEs have been fully implemented in two major tissue banks and have been shared with dozens of other tissue banking efforts.

Conclusion
The freely available CDEs developed by the CPCTR are robust, based on "best practices" for tissue resources, and are ISO 11179 compliant. The process for CDE development described in this manuscript provides a framework model for other organ sites and has been used as a model for breast and melanoma tissue banking efforts.
Evaluation of a task-based community oriented teaching model in family medicine for undergraduate medical students in Iraq
Authors: Al-Dabbagh Samim A , Al-Taee Waleed G 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe inclusion of family medicine in medical school curricula is essential for producing competent general practitioners. The aim of this study is to evaluate a task-based, community oriented teaching model of family medicine for undergraduate students in Iraqi medical schools.MethodsAn innovative training model in family medicine was developed based upon tasks regularly performed by family physicians providing health care services at the Primary Health Care Centre (PHCC) in Mosul, Iraq. Participants were medical students enrolled in their final clinical year. Students were assigned to one of two groups. The implementation group (28 students) was exposed to the experimental model and the control group (56 students) received the standard teaching curriculum. The study took place at the Mosul College of Medicine and at the Al-Hadba PHCC in Mosul, Iraq, during the academic year 1999–2000. Pre- and post-exposure evaluations comparing the intervention group with the control group were conducted using a variety of assessment tools.ResultsThe primary endpoints were improvement in knowledge of family medicine and development of essential performance skills. Results showed that the implementation group experienced a significant increase in knowledge and performance skills after exposure to the model and in comparison with the control group. Assessment of the model by participating students revealed a high degree of satisfaction with the planning, organization, and implementation of the intervention activities. Students also highly rated the relevancy of the intervention for future work.ConclusionA model on PHCC training in family medicine is essential for all Iraqi medical schools. The model is to be implemented by various relevant departments until Departments of Family medicine are established.
Vasopressin in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Koshman Sheri L , Zed Peter J , Abu-Laban Riyad B 
Published: August 2005

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of vasopressin in cardiac arrest. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched (all to June 2005) for full-text English-language publications describing trials in humans. Search terms were vasopressin, epinephrine, adrenaline, heart arrest, cardiac arrest, and clinical trial. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Prospective, randomized, controlled trials that evaluated efficacy or safety endpoints of vasopressin in the management of cardiac arrest were included. Efficacy outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation, successful resuscitation, survival to hospital admission, 2hour survival, and survival to hospital discharge. Safety outcomes were as defined by each trial. Data Synthesis: Three prospective trials were identified and included in this review. Vasopressin does not appear to offer any therapeutic advantage compared with epinephrine in the treatment of both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, regardless of the presenting arrest rhythm. Although there is a suggestion that vasopressin may be effective in treatment of asystole, the evidence for this arises from a subgroup analysis that should be viewed as hypothesis generating. There are limited data describing the safety of vasopressin in cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence for the use of vasopressin in cardiac arrest is indeterminate. Given the similarly equivocal evidence of efficacy for epinephrine, either drug could be considered the first-line agent in cardiac arrest. Placebo-controlled studies with appropriate statistical power are warranted to evaluate meaningful clinical outcomes, such as survival to hospital discharge. Further evaluation of the role of vasopressin in asystolic cardiac arrest and its use in combination with epinephrine is also justified.
Thorium reactions in borosilicate-glass/water systems
Authors: Rai Dhanpat , Yui Mikazu , Hess Nancy J. , Felmy Andrew R. , Moore Dean A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryStudies were conducted on the dissolution of Th-doped borosilicate glass, a complex assemblage of 24 different elements in various proportions, in a wide range of pH values (0.5 to 12) and carbonate (as high as 6.2 m) and bicarbonate (as high as 1.0 m) concentrations, and as a function of time to determine whether the observed thorium concentrations exhibit an equilibrium phenomenon and to ascertain whether existing thermodynamic data can be used to interpret these results. Measurable Th concentrations were observed in either the very acidic (pH 0.5 to 4) solutions or alkaline solutions containing relatively high carbonate/bicarbonate concentrations. Steady state Th concentrations were reached over time from both the oversaturation and undersaturation directions, indicating that Th concentrations are controlled by an equilibrium solubility phenomenon. The XRD, EXAFS, and thermodynamic analyses of solubility data failed to definitively identify the nature of the solubility-controlling solid in this complex system; however, the data suggests that the solubility-controlling solid most likely involves the Th-silicate phase and that the observed Th concentrations are up to many orders of magnitude lower than in equilibrium with ThO2(am). The solubility study also showed that existing thermodynamic data for carbonato complexes of Th can be used to reliably predict Th concentrations in relatively dilute to concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solutions.
Perpetual convertible bonds in jump-diffusion models
Authors: Gapeev Pavel V. , Kühn Christoph 
Published: August 2005

Summary
A convertible (callable) bond is a security that the holder can convert into a specified number of underlying shares. In addition, the issuer can recall the bond, paying some compensation, or force the holder to convert it immediately. We give an explicit solution to the corresponding optimal stopping game in the context of a reduced form model driven by a Brownian motion and a compound Poisson process with exponential jumps. It turns out that the occurrence of jumps leads to optimal stopping strategies whose structure differs from the results for continuous models.
Optimal portfolios with expected loss constraints and shortfall risk optimal martingale measures
Authors: Leitner Johannes 
Published: August 2005

Summary
We study reward over penalty for risk ratios E[u(V)]/E[ρ(V)], V ∈ V, where V ⊆ L
1(P) describes a linear space of attainable returns in an arbitrage-free market, u is concave and ρ ≥ 0 is convex. It turns out that maximizing such reward over penalty ratios is essentially equivalent to maximizing the ratio α(V) := E[V]/E[V
−] or the expected profit over expected loss ratio E[V
+]/E[V
−]. The lowest upper bound α– := supV ∈ Vα(V) can be determined by solving an appropriate dual problem over the set of bounded equivalent martingale measures for V. This observation leads to the definition of shortfall risk optimal equivalent martingale measures.
Peritoneal dialysis in the management of acute renal failure in 5 dogs with leptospirosis
Authors: Beckel Nicole F. , O'Toole Therese E. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Labato Mary A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjective: To describe the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the management of 5 dogs with acute renal failure (ARF) caused by leptospirosis.Case Series Summary: All dogs were treated for leptospirosis with intravenous (IV) fluids and ampicillin prior to PD. Median age of dogs was 5 years (range 2–6 years). All dogs had positive titers for Leptospira bratislava. Median duration of PD was 4 days (range 3–16 days). PD resulted in a decrease in azotemia in all dogs. Median serum blood urea nitrogen at the start of PD was 192 mg/dL (range 140–235 mg/dL) and at the end of PD was 63 mg/dL (range 48–139 mg/dL). Median serum creatinine at the start of PD and the end was 12.8 mg/dL (range 7.7–16.9 mg/dL) and 3.4 mg/dL (range 1.4–11.1 mg/dL), respectively. Complications identified during PD included hypokalemia (n=3, 60%), hypoalbuminemia (n=2, 40%), hypomagnesemia (n=1, 20%), pelvic limb edema (n=2, 40%), central nervous system signs (n=2, 40%), dialysate retention (n=1, 20%), and leakage from the catheter site (n=1, 20%). Peritonitis was not identified in any of the dogs. Four dogs (80%) survived to discharge from the hospital. PD was effective for management of uremia in dogs with ARF caused by leptospirosis.