bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensorimotor mechanisms selective to numerosity derived from individual differences
Authors: Anobile Giovanni , Petrizzo Irene , Paiardini Daisy , Burr David C. , Cicchini Guido Marco 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe have previously shown that after few seconds of adaptation by finger-tapping, the perceived numerosity of spatial arrays and temporal sequences of visual objects displayed near the tapping region is increased or decreased, implying the existence of asensorimotor numerosity system(Anobile et al., 2016). To date, this mechanism has been evidenced only by adaptation. Here we extend our finding by leveraging on a well-established covariance technique, used to unveil and characterize “channels” for basic visual features such as colour, motion, contrast, and spatial frequency. Participants were required to press rapidly a key a specific number of times, without counting. We then correlated the precision of reproduction for various target number presses between participants. The results showed high positive correlations for nearby target numbers, scaling down with numerical distance, implying tuning selectivity. Factor analysis identified two factors, one for low and the other for higher numbers. Principal component analysis revealed two bell-shaped covariance channels, peaking at different numerical values. Two control experiments ruled out the role of non-numerical strategies based on tapping frequency and response duration. These results reinforce our previous reports based on adaptation, and further suggest the existence of at least two sensori-motor number channels responsible for translating symbolic numbers into action sequences.
What makes a temperate phage an effective bacterial weapon?
Authors: Thomas M. J. N. , Brockhurst M. A. , Coyte K. Z. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTemperate bacteriophages (phages) are common features of bacterial genomes and can act as self-amplifying biological weapons, killing susceptible competitors and thus increasing the fitness of their bacterial hosts (lysogens). Despite their prevalence, however, the key characteristics of an effective temperate phage weapon remain unclear. Here we use systematic mathematical analyses coupled with experimental tests to understand what makes an effective temperate phage weapon. We find that effectiveness is controlled by phage life history traits – in particular, the probability of lysis, and induction rate – but that the optimal combination of traits varies with the initial frequency of a lysogen within a population. As a consequence, certain phage weapons can be detrimental when their hosts are rare, yet beneficial when their hosts are common, while subtle changes in individual life history traits can completely reverse the impact of an individual phage weapon on lysogen fitness. We confirm key predictions of our model experimentally, using temperate phages isolated from the clinically relevant Liverpool Epidemic Strain ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. Through these experiments, we further demonstrate that nutrient availability can also play a critical role in driving frequency-dependent patterns in phage-mediated competition. Together, these findings highlight the complex and context-dependent nature of temperate phage weapons, and highlight the importance of both ecological and evolutionary processes in shaping microbial community dynamics more broadly.ImportanceTemperate bacteriophage – viruses that integrate within bacterial DNA – are incredibly common within bacterial genomes. These phages are thought to act as powerful self-amplifying weapons, allowing their bacterial hosts to kill nearby competitors and thus gain a fitness advantage within a given niche. But what makes an effective phage weapon? Here we first use a simple mathematical model to explore the factors determining phage weapon utility. Our models suggest that phage weapons are nuanced and context-dependent: an individual phage may be beneficial or costly depending upon tiny changes to how it behaves, or to the bacterial community in which it resides. We then confirm these mathematical predictions experimentally, using phage isolated from Cystic Fibrosis patients. But, in doing so, we also find that another factor – nutrient availability – plays a key role in shaping phage-mediated competition. Together our results provide new insights into how temperate phage modulate bacterial communities.
mtx-COBRA: Subcellular localization prediction for bacterial proteins
Authors: Arora Isha , Kummer Arkadij , Zhou Hao , Gadjeva Mihaela , Ma Eric , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Ong Edison 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBacteria can have beneficial effects on our health and environment; however, many are responsible for serious infectious diseases, warranting the need for vaccines against such pathogens. Bioinformatic and experimental technologies are crucial for the development of vaccines. The vaccine design pipeline requires identification of bacteria-specific antigens that can be recognized and induce a response by the immune system upon infection. Immune system recognition is influenced by the location of a protein. Methods have been developed to determine the subcellular localization (SCL) of proteins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Bioinformatic tools such as PSORTb can be employed to determine SCL of proteins, which would be tedious to perform experimentally. Unfortunately, PSORTb often predicts many proteins as having an “Unknown” SCL, reducing the number of antigens to evaluate as potential vaccine targets.MethodWe present a new pipeline called subCellular lOcalization prediction forBacteRiAl Proteins (mtx-COBRA). mtx-COBRA uses Meta’s protein language model, Evolutionary Scale Modeling, combined with an Extreme Gradient Boosting machine learning model to identify SCL of bacterial proteins based on amino acid sequence. This pipeline is trained on a curated dataset that combines data from UniProt and the publicly available ePSORTdb dataset.ResultsUsing benchmarking analyses, nested 5-fold cross-validation, and leave-one-pathogen-out methods, followed by testing on the held-out dataset, we show that our pipeline predicts the SCL of bacterial proteins more accurately than PSORTb.Conclusionsmtx-COBRA provides an accessible pipeline with greater efficiency to classify bacterial proteins with currently “Unknown” SCLs than existing bioinformatic and experimental methods.
Thymine DNA glycosylase combines sliding, hopping, and nucleosome interactions to efficiently search for 5-formylcytosine
Authors: Schnable Brittani L. , Schaich Matthew A. , Roginskaya Vera , Leary Liam P. , Weaver Tyler M. , Freudenthal Bret D. , Drohat Alexander C. , Houten Bennett Van 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBase excision repair is the main pathway involved in active DNA demethylation. 5-formylctyosine and 5-carboxylcytosine, two oxidized moieties of methylated cytosine, are recognized and removed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) to generate an abasic site. Using single molecule fluorescence experiments, we studied TDG in the presence and absence of 5-formylctyosine. TDG exhibits multiple modes of linear diffusion, including hopping and sliding, in search of a lesion. We probed TDG active site variants and truncated N-terminus revealing how these variants alter the lesion search and recognition mechanism of TDG. On DNA containing an undamaged nucleosome, TDG was found to either bypass, colocalize with, or encounter but not bypass the nucleosome. However, truncating the N-terminus reduced the number of interactions with the nucleosome. Our findings provide unprecedented mechanistic insights into how TDG searches for DNA lesions in chromatin.
Effects of benzothiazinone and ethambutol on the integrity of the corynebacterial cell envelope
Authors: Meyer Fabian M. , Repnik Urska , Karnaukhova Ekaterina , Schubert Karin , Bramkamp Marc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe mycomembrane (MM) is a hydrophobic layer formed by mycolic acids covering the surface ofMycobacteriaand related species. This group includes important pathogens such asMycobacterium tuberculosis,Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but also the biotechnologically important strainCorynebacterium glutamicum. The MM contributes to the impermeability of the cell envelope and thereby also protects bacteria from antibiotics. This makes biosynthesis of the MM an attractive target for antibiotic intervention. The first line anti-tuberculosis drug ethambutol (EMB) interferes with the synthesis of the arabinogalactan (AG), which is a structural scaffold for covalently attached mycolic acids that form the inner leaflet of the MM. Similarly, the new drug candidate, benzothiazinone 043 (BTZ) affects the synthesis of the AG component of the cell wall. We previously showed thatC. glutamicumcells treated with a sublethal concentration of EMB lose the integrity of the MM. In this study we examined the effects of a sublethal concentration of BTZ. Our work shows that 1 µg ml−1BTZ efficiently blocks the apical growth machinery and reduces cell proliferation, however the integrity of the MM is largely preserved and the effects of β-lactam antibiotics are only additive, not synergistic. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a distinct middle layer in the septum of control cells considered to be the inner leaflet of the MM covalently attached to the AG. It functions as a greasy slide for the lateral flow of mycolic acids in the outer leaflet. This layer was not detectable in the septa of BTZ or EMB treated cells, which suggests that the greasy slide is impaired and the confluency of the MM is thereby reduced. In addition, we observed that EMB treated cells have a thicker and less electron dense peptidoglycan (PG) layer consistent with the report that EMB also inhibits the glutamate racemase MurI. We conclude that EMB and BTZ have distinct differences in their modes of action. While EMB and BTZ both effectively block elongation growth, BTZ also strongly reduces septal cell wall synthesis. This renders BTZ treated cells likely more tolerant to antibiotics that act on growing bacteria.
Conjoint specification of action by neocortex and striatum
Authors: Park Junchol , Polidoro Peter , Fortunato Catia , Arnold Jon , Mensh Brett , Gallego Juan A. , Dudman Joshua T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interplay between two major forebrain structures - cortex and subcortical striatum - is critical for flexible, goal-directed action. Traditionally, it has been proposed that striatum is critical for selecting what type of action is initiated while the primary motor cortex is involved in the online control of movement execution. Recent data indicates that striatum may also be critical for specifying movement execution. These alternatives have been difficult to reconcile because when comparing very distinct actions, as in the vast majority of work to date, they make essentially indistinguishable predictions. Here, we develop quantitative models to reveal a somewhat paradoxical insight: only comparing neural activity during similar actions makes strongly distinguishing predictions. We thus developed a novel reach-to-pull task in which mice reliably selected between two similar, but distinct reach targets and pull forces. Simultaneous cortical and subcortical recordings were uniquely consistent with a model in which cortex and striatum jointly specify flexible parameters of action during movement execution.One sentence summaryMotor cortex and subcortical striatum act in concert to specify the movement parameters of a reach-to-pull action in mice.
Analysis of inhibitory properties of neodymium tartrate and comparison with neodymium chloride for mild steel in neutral sodium chloride solution
Authors: Koundal Minakshi , Singh Ajay Kumar , Sharma Chhaya 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the eco-friendly neodymium tartrate (NdTar) inhibitor for mild steel in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution.

Design/methodology/approach
The mild steel 1010 coupon was considered for the current study. Weight loss and the electrochemical methods were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of neodymium chloride (NdCl3) and NdTar on mild steel in NaCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements were carried out to study the morphology and composition of the film, nature of deposits and corrosion products formed in test media on the corroded steel, with the objective of further analyzing the observed behavior of the two inhibitors.

Findings
Of the two, NdTar performs better than NdCl3 because it shields mild steel surfaces for longer. According to the results, when NdCl3 is present in a corrosive solution, the protective film only comprises Nd/Fe oxide/hydroxide/carbonate. However, when neodymium is coupled with the tartrate group (an organic group) and then added to the NaCl solution, the inhibitor film comprises both bimetallic complexes (Fe-Tar-Nd) and metal oxide/hydroxide/carbonate, which results in a more compact film and has higher inhibition efficiency.

Originality/value
This study evaluated the combined effects of inorganic and organic inhibitors with those of an inorganic inhibitor used alone for mild steel in NaCl solution.
Addiction recovery stories: Bradley Maguire in conversation with Lisa Ogilvie
Authors: Maguire Bradley , Ogilvie Lisa 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine recovery through lived experience. It is part of a series that explores candid accounts of addiction and recovery to identify important components in the recovery process.

Design/methodology/approach
The G-CHIME model comprises six elements important to addiction recovery (growth, connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life and empowerment). It provides a standard against which to consider addiction recovery, having been used in this series, as well as in the design of interventions that improve well-being and strengthen recovery. In this paper, a first-hand account is presented, followed by a semi-structured e-interview with the author of the account. Narrative analysis is used to explore the account and interview through the G-CHIME model.

Findings
This paper shows that addiction recovery is a remarkable process that can be effectively explained using the G-CHIME model. The significance of each component in the model is apparent from the account and e-interview presented.

Originality/value
Each account of recovery in this series is unique and, as yet, untold.
Analysis of nonlocal effects on plane waves in a transversely isotropic visco-thermoelastic medium with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Chaudhary Shilpa , Deswal Sunita , Sheoran Sandeep Singh 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aims to analyse the behaviour of plane waves within a nonlocal transversely isotropic visco-thermoelastic medium having variable thermal conductivity.

Design/methodology/approach
The concept of enunciation is used in the generalized theory of thermoelasticity in accordance with the Green–Lindsay and Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity models. The linear viscoelasticity model developed by Kelvin–Voigt is used to characterize the viscoelastic properties of transversely isotropic materials.

Findings
It has been noticed that three plane waves, which are coupled together, travel through the medium at three different speeds. The derivation of reflection coefficients and energy ratios for reflected waves is carried out by incorporating suitable boundary conditions. Numerical computations are performed for the amplitude ratios, phase speeds and energy partition and displayed in graphical form.

Originality/value
The outcomes of the numerical simulation demonstrate that the amplitude ratios are significantly influenced by variable thermal conductivity, nonlocal parameters and viscosity. It is further observed from the plots that the phase speeds in a transversely isotropic medium depend on the angle of incidence. In addition, it has been established that the energy is preserved during the reflection phenomenon.
Hosts' perspective on home-based commercial hospitality: Evidence from the desert city of Arad, Israel
Authors: Sandler Anna , Shani Amir , Shilo Shahar 
Published: October 2023

PurposeHome-based commercial hospitality (HBCH) is the focus of this study. This community-based tourism (CBT), which has received little research attention, is examined to reveal the meaning of commercially hosting visitors in private homes for experiential meetings on a variety of topics such as food, art, culture, folklore and various workshops.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method was adopted, using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with HBCH providers in the desert town of Arad, located in southern Israel.FindingsThe study reveals the impact of this unusual occupation on the host's quality of life, the factors that encourage and suppress involvement in this entrepreneurship, as well as the positive and negative consequences of HBCH on the local environment.Practical implicationsThe findings could offer important guidelines to municipalities and local governments seeking to encourage CBT and sustainable micro-enterprises.Originality/valueHBCH is a recent phenomenon and, as such, has been little researched. This study of one community raises issues that may be shared by HBCH enterprises. The findings could contribute to developing such initiatives elsewhere, avoiding the obstacles faced in this pioneering effort.
The returns to returning to school
Authors: Adams Benjamin Charles 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis work examines the returns to education for workers who pursue additional education after time out of the labor force. It compares those who remain in the labor force during additional education with those who drop out of the labor force during additional education. It compares two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY).Design/methodology/approachThis work utilizes a difference equation to estimate the returns to education for workers who pursue additional education after time spent out of school and in the labor force.FindingsThe results indicate a sheepskin return of approximately 14% for those who remain in the labor force and a return of approximately 9% to years of additional education for those who drop out of the labor force. This contrasting pattern of returns is robust to sample selection correction and a variety of checks.Research limitations/implicationsThis work does not fully account for all threats to causation. Further research could pursue these and make use of data from more clearly defined periods of education.Practical implicationsThis work finds key differences between the internal labor market faced by those remaining in the labor force and the external labor market faced by those dropping out of the labor force. A policy focused on re-training workers should account for these differences.Originality/valueThis is the first work to compare workers who pursue additional education while remaining in the labor force to workers who pursue additional education and drop out of the labor force.
Interpreter requirements of women from non-English speaking migrant backgrounds in maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Dawe Joshua , McDonald Ellie , Riggs Elisha , Szwarc Josef , Yelland Jane 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
Access to professional interpreter services is a critical facilitator of positive health-care experiences when health-care professionals and women accessing maternity care are not proficient in a shared language. Understanding interpreter demand is essential for the provision of professional interpreter services. This study aims to characterise interpreter requirements among women from nonrefugee and refugee non-English-speaking migrant backgrounds in Australian maternity hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analysed administrative data from four public maternity hospitals in Victoria, Australia. The primary outcome was the proportion of women from non-English speaking migrant backgrounds who required an interpreter during their maternity care, both overall and stratified by refugee and nonrefugee background. Adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate the association between migrant background and interpreter requirements.

Findings
Among the 6,771 women from non-English speaking migrant backgrounds included in analyses, 1,344 (19.8%) required an interpreter during their maternity care. The odds of requiring an interpreter were fivefold higher among women from refugee backgrounds compared to migrant women from nonrefugee backgrounds [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.13–5.65].

Practical implications
The study highlights the diversity in cultural backgrounds and migration experiences of women accessing maternity care within metropolitan public hospitals. The high interpreter requirements, particularly among women from refugee backgrounds, underscores the need for comprehensive and woman-centred interpreter services to attenuate disparities in hospital maternity care.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to quantify the interpreter requirements of women from non-English-speaking migrant backgrounds in maternity hospital settings and make women comparisons between women from refugee and nonrefugee backgrounds.
Engaging the disengaged: the role of workplace spirituality on millennials’ work engagement
Authors: Bantha Tapas , Nayak Umakanta , Mishra Subhendu Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the association between workplace spirituality (WPS) and individual’s work engagement (WE) and also the mediating effect of individual’s psychological conditions [psychological meaningfulness (PSYM), psychological safety (PSYS) and psychological availability (PSYA)] on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
Grounded on Kahn’s personal engagement theory, a model has been developed with WPS as an independent variable, individual’s psychological conditions (PSYM, PSYS and PSYA) as the mediators and individual’s WE as the dependent variable. Based on the online responses from 510 millennial employees working in Fortune 500 manufacturing and service industries operating in India, analysis has been undertaken using confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation and PROCESS macro of Hayes (2017).

Findings
WPS has been noted to influence individual’s WE positively and there is a partial mediation of PSYM, PSYS and PSYA on this relationship.

Research limitations/implications
The present study is able to extend the scope of Kahn’s personal engagement theory.

Practical implications
Leaders and HR administrators can use the framework to ensure positive engagement levels for the millennial workforce. It will also help to reduce job dissatisfaction and burnouts at the workplace.

Originality/value
The present study contributes to understanding WE through the lens of WPS. It adds to the existing knowledge by explaining the mediation of the psychological conditions between spirituality and WE among millennials working in India. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study can be considered one of the first studies that has attempted to understand the role of WPS and psychological conditions on WE levels of millennials.