bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of a zero-heat-flux thermometer in cardiac surgery, a prospective, multicentre, method comparison study
Authors: Pedersen Carsten , Munch Peter , Kjaergaard Jesper , Grønlykke Lars , Bräuer Anselm 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccurate measurement of core temperature is of utmost importance during on-pump cardiac surgery, for detection of hypothermia before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), guidance of temperature management on CPB, active rewarming on CPB and guidance of warming therapy after CPB. Most temperature measurement methods are known to become inaccurate during rapid changes in core temperature and suffer from delayed detection of temperature changes. Zero-heat-flux temperature (ZHF) measurement from the lateral forehead may be an alternative, non-invasive method quantifying the core temperature. A prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted in one hundred patients scheduled for on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Core temperatures were measured every minute by two zero-heat-flux thermometer (SpotOn™) and a bladder thermometer and a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in the period after induction of anesthesia until CPB. Accuracy and precision of both methods were compared against core temperature measured in the pulmonary artery using the method of Bland and Altman. A high accuracy (around 0.1 °C) and a very good precision (Limits of agreement (LoA) − 0.6; 0.4 °C) were found between zero-heat-flux thermometer and core temperature measured by PAC. Among the two ZHF thermometers the bias was negligible (− 0.003 °C) with narrow LoA of − 0.42 °C and 0.41 °C. In contrast, bias between bladder temperature and PAC temperature was large (0.51 °C) with corresponding LoA of − 0.06 °C and 1.1 °C. ZHF thermometers are in contrast to bladder temperature a reliable core temperature monitor in cardiac surgery during the period after induction of anestesia until CPB. The zero-heat-flux method can provide clinicians reliably with continuous and non-invasive measurements of core temperature in normothermic and mild hypothermic temperature ranges and therefore can be helpful to guide temperature management.
Preparation of a polyaniline/ZnO-NPs composite for the visible-light-driven hydrogen generation
Authors: Azmayesh Rasoul , Naghshara Hamid , Mohammadi Aref Sajedeh , Ghafouri Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCompositions of ZnO nanoparticles and polyaniline, in the form of emeraldine salt, were manufactured as thin layers by using the spin-coating method. Then, the effect of polyaniline content on their photoelectrochemical characteristics was studied. Results indicate that all the samples are sensitive to light. Besides, with 0.30% of PANI, the composite sample demonstrates the highest photocurrent density; also, its photocurrent increment starts to increase at a voltage of ⁓ 1.23 V (vs. RHE), which is approximately in accordance with the theoretical potential of water electrolysis. Furthermore, since the rate of electron–hole recombination in this composite sample is the lowest, it possesses the highest photoelectrochemical efficiency. Main findings were analyzed with respect to UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra as well as SEM micrographs of the samples and Raman spectral measurements. Besides, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis was applied to both pure ZnO and the sample with the best response. Effects of drying temperature and layer thickness were also investigated.
Assessment of the oxidative stress intensity and the integrity of cell membranes under the manganese nanoparticles toxicity in wheat seedlings
Authors: Sieprawska Apolonia , Rudolphi-Szydło Elżbieta , Skórka Magdalena , Telk Anna , Filek Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA response to manganese nanoparticles was studied in seedlings of two wheat cultivars and a model system of plant cell membranes. Nanoparticles at concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/ml were applied foliar. The application of NPs enhanced the content of Mn in plant cells, indicating its penetration through the leaf surface. The stressful effect in the plant cells was estimated based on changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, content of chlorophylls and starch. MnNPs evoked no significant changes in the leaf morphology, however, an increase in enzyme activity, starch accumulation, and a decrease in chlorophyll synthesis indicated the stress occurrence. Moreover, a rise in the electrokinetic potential of the chloroplast membrane surface and the reconstruction of their hydrophobic parts toward an increase in fatty acid saturation was found.
Single-cell analysis of uterosacral ligament revealed cellular heterogeneity in women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Su Minna , Wei Lingyun , Zhang Jia , Wang Wenzhen , Hao Qian , Lin Xiling , Wang Lili 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPelvic organ prolapse (POP) markedly affects the quality of life of women, including significant financial burden. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we constructed a transcriptional profile of 30,452 single cells of the uterosacral ligament in POP and control samples, which has never been constructed before. We identified 10 major cell types, including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. We performed subpopulation analysis and pseudo-time analysis of POP primary cells, and explored differentially expressed genes. We verified previous cell clusters of human neutrophils of uterosacral ligaments. We found a significant reduction in receptor-ligand pairs related to ECM and cell adhesion between fibroblasts and endothelial cells in POP. The transcription factors related to the extracellular matrix, development, and immunity were identified in USL. Here we provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of POP and valuable information for future research directions.
Dynamic urban land extensification is projected to lead to imbalances in the global land-carbon equilibrium
Authors: McManamay Ryan A. , Vernon Chris R. , Chen Min , Thompson Isaac , Khan Zarrar , Narayan Kanishka B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman-Earth System Models and Integrated Assessment Models used to explore the land-atmosphere implications of future land-use transitions generally lack dynamic representation of urban lands. Here, we conduct an experiment incorporating dynamic urbanization in a multisector model framework. We integrate projected dynamic non-urban lands from a multisector model with projected dynamic urban lands from 2015 to 2100 at 1-km resolution to examine 1st-order implications to the land system, crop production, and net primary production that can arise from the competition over land resources. By 2100, future urban extensification could displace 0.1 to 1.4 million km2 of agriculture lands, leading to 22 to 310 Mt of compromised corn, rice, soybean, and wheat production. When considering increased corn production required to meet demands by 2100, urban extensification could cut increases in yields by half. Losses in net primary production from displaced forest, grassland, and croplands ranged from 0.24 to 2.24 Gt C yr−1, potentially increasing land emissions by 1.19 to 6.59 Gt CO2 yr−1. Although these estimates do not consider adaptive responses, 1st-order experiments can elucidate the individual role of sub-sectors that would otherwise be masked by model complexity.
The cosmic web from perturbation theory
Authors: Kitaura F.-S. , Sinigaglia F. , Balaguera-Antolínez A. , Favole G. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Analysing the large-scale structure (LSS) in the Universe with galaxy surveys demands accurate structure formation models. Such models should ideally be fast and have a clear theoretical framework in order to rapidly scan a variety of cosmological parameter spaces without requiring large training data sets.
Aims. This study aims to extend Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT), including viscosity and vorticity, to reproduce the cosmic evolution from dark matter N-body calculations at the field level.
Methods. We extend LPT to a Eulerian framework, which we dub eALPT. An ultraviolet regularisation through the spherical collapse model provided by Augmented LPT turns out to be crucial at low redshifts. This iterative method enables modelling of the stress tensor and introduces vorticity. The eALPT model has two free parameters apart from the choice of cosmology, redshift snapshots, cosmic volume, and the number of particles.
Results. We find that compared to N-body solvers, the cross-correlation of the dark matter distribution increases at k = 1 h Mpc−1 and z = 0 from ∼55% with the Zel’dovich approximation (∼70% with ALPT), to ∼95% with the three-timestep eALPT, and the power spectra show percentage accuracy up to k ≃ 0.3 h Mpc−1.
A strategy for sensing the petal mode in the presence of AO residual turbulence with the pyramid wavefront sensor
Authors: Levraud Nicolas , Chambouleyron Vincent , Sauvage Jean François , Neichel Benoit , Cisse Mahawa , Fauvarque Olivier , Agapito Guido , Plantet Cédric , Cheffot Anne Laure , Pinna Enrico , Esposito Simone , Fusco Thierry 
Published: February 2024

Context. With the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) generation of telescopes come new challenges. The complexity of these telescopes’ pupils creates new problems for adaptive optics (AO) that prevent the telescopes from reaching the theoretical resolutions that their size allows. In particular, the large spiders necessary to support the massive optics of these telescopes create discontinuities in the wavefront measurement. These discontinuities appear as a new phase error dubbed the “petal mode.” This error is described as a differential piston between the fragment of the pupil separated by the spiders and is responsible for a strong degradation in the imaging quality, reducing the European ELT’s resolution to that of a 15m telescope.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to study the measurement of the petal mode by AO sensors. In particular, we want to understand why the pyramid wavefront sensor (PyWFS), the first-light wavefront sensor of any ELT-generation telescope, cannot measure this petal mode under normal conditions, and how to enable this measurement by adapting the AO control scheme and the PyWFS.
Methods. To facilitate our study, we considered a simplified version of the petal mode, featuring a simpler pupil than the ELT. This allowed us to quickly simulate the properties of the petal mode and its measurement by the PyWFS. We studied specifically how a system that separates the atmospheric turbulence from the petal measurement would behave. Studying the petal mode’s power spectral density, we proposed using a spatial filter to reduce the contribution of AO residuals to the benefit of petal mode contribution, eventually enabling it to be measured. Finally, we demonstrated our proposed system with end-to-end simulations.
Results. A solution proposed to measure the petal mode is to use an unmodulated PyWFS (uPyWFS), but the uPyWFS does not make accurate measurements in the presence of atmospheric residuals. A spatial filtering step, consisting of a pinhole around the pyramid tip, reduces the first path residuals seen by the uPyWFS and restores its accuracy. This system was able to measure and control the petal mode during the end-to-end simulation.
Conclusions. To address the petal problem, a two-path AO with a sensor dedicated to the measurement of the petal mode seems necessary. The question remains as to what could be used as the second path petalometer. Through this paper, we demonstrate that an uPyWFS can confuse the petal mode with the residuals from the first path. However, adding a spatial filter on top of said uPyWFS makes it a good petalometer candidate. This spatial filtering step makes the uPyWFS less sensitive to the first path residuals while retaining its ability to measure the petal mode.
Solar nanoflares in different spectral ranges
Authors: Belov S. A. , Bogachev S. A. , Ledentsov L. S. , Zavershinskii D. I. 
Published: February 2024

Aims. The rates and other characteristics of solar nanoflares were measured for the same area of the Sun in different extreme-ultravioilet (EUV) channels to find how the main properties of nanoflares depend on the spectral range.
Methods. We used images of the quiet Sun obtained by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in seven spectral channels, 94 Å, 131 Å, 171 Å, 193 Å, 211 Å, 304 Å, and 335 Å. We analyzed 300 images for each AIA/SDO channel covering one hour from 12:00 UT to 13:00 UT on 20 May 2019 with a 12 s cadence. We searched for nanoflares in two 360″×720″ fields of view above (N) and below (S) the Sun’s equator to measure nanoflare latitudinal distributions and their N–S asymmetry. To detect nanoflares, we used a threshold-based algorithm with 5σ threshold.
Results. The integral nanoflare rate measured in seven spectral ranges is 3.53 × 10−21 cm−1 s−1; the corresponding frequency is 215 events s−1 for the entire surface of the Sun. A search for nanoflares in any single AIA-channel leads to significant underestimation of their frequency and rate: 171 Å −34% of the total value; 193 Å −33%; 211 Å −24%; other channels – less than 16%. Most EUV nanoflares are single-pixel (∼78%) and mono-channel (∼86%) events. In channel 304 Å, multipixel events dominate over single-pixel events (68% vs. 32%). The average duration of nanoflares is in the range of (89 − 141)±(40 − 61) s depending on the spectral region with the mean value being 129 ± 59 s. The latitudinal distribution of nanoflares is approximately uniform in the range from 0° to 45° for all channels. We find a slight difference between the N and S hemispheres (up to 20% depending on channel), but we do not find it to be statistically significant.
Conclusions. We demonstrate that solar nanoflares can be found in all AIA EUV channels. The detection probability strongly depends on the spectral range and the channels can be approximately ranked as follows (from high to low probability): 171 Å, 193 Å, 211 Å, 131 Å, 304 Å, 335 Å, and 94 Å. The first three channels, 171, 193, and 211 Å, allow the detection of ∼78% of all the nanoflares. The remaining four add only 22%. Other characteristics of nanoflares, including duration and spatial distribution, weakly depend on spectral range.
A theoretical framework for BL Her stars
Authors: Das Susmita , Molnár László , Kanbur Shashi M. , Joyce Meridith , Bhardwaj Anupam , Singh Harinder P. , Marconi Marcella , Ripepi Vincenzo , Smolec Radoslaw 
Published: February 2024

Context. In the era of the Hubble tension, it is crucial to obtain a precise calibration of the period-luminosity (PL) relations of classical pulsators. Type II Cepheids (T2Cs; often exhibiting negligible or weak metallicity dependence on PL relations) used in combination with RR Lyraes and the tip of the red giant branch may prove useful as an alternative to classical Cepheids for the determination of extragalactic distances.
Aims. We present new theoretical PL and period-Wesenheit (PW) relations for a fine grid of convective BL Her (the shortest period T2Cs) models computed using MESA-RSP in the Gaia passbands and we compare our results with the empirical relations from Gaia DR3. Our goal is to study the effect of metallicity and convection parameters on the theoretical PL and PW relations.
Methods. We used the state-of-the-art 1D non-linear radial stellar pulsation tool MESA-RSP to compute models of BL Her stars over a wide range of input parameters: metallicity (−2.0 dex ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.0 dex), stellar mass (0.5 M⊙ − 0.8 M⊙), stellar luminosity (50 L⊙ − 300 L⊙), and effective temperature (across the full extent of the instability strip; in steps of 50 K). We used the Fourier decomposition technique to analyse the light curves obtained from MESA-RSP and Gaia DR3 and then compared the theoretical and empirical PL and PW relations in the Gaia passbands.
Results. The BL Her stars in the All Sky region exhibit statistically different PL slopes compared to the theoretical PL slopes computed using the four sets of convection parameters. We find the empirical PL and PW slopes from BL Her stars in the Magellanic Clouds to be statistically consistent with theoretical relations computed using the different convection parameter sets in the Gaia passbands. There is a negligible effect coming from the metallicity on the PL relations in the individual Gaia passbands. However, there is a small but significant negative coefficient of metallicity in the PWZ relations for the BL Her models using the four sets of convection parameters. This could be attributed to the increased sensitivity of bolometric corrections to metallicities at wavelengths shorter than the V band. Our BL Her models also suggest a dependence of the mass-luminosity relation on metallicity. We found the observed Fourier parameter space to be covered well by our models. Higher mass models (> 0.6 M⊙) may be needed to reliably model the observed light curves of BL Her stars in the All-Sky region. We also found the theoretical light curve structures (especially the Fourier amplitude parameters) to be affected by the choice of convection parameters.
12C/13C of Kepler giant stars: The missing piece of the mixing puzzle
Authors: Lagarde N. , Minkevičiūtė R. , Drazdauskas A. , Tautvaišienė G. , Charbonnel C. , Reylé C. , Miglio A. , Kushwahaa T. , Bale B. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Despite a rich observational background, few spectroscopic studies have dealt with the measurement of the carbon isotopic ratio in giant stars. However, it is a key element in understanding the mixing mechanisms that occur in the interiors of giant stars.
Aims. We present the CNO and 12C/13C abundances derived for 71 giant field stars. Then, using this new catalogue and complementary data from the Kepler and Gaia satellites, we study the efficiency of mixing occurring in the giant branch as a function of the stellar properties of the stars (e.g. mass, age, metallicity).
Methods. We determined the abundances of CNO and more specifically the carbon isotopic ratio using the high-resolution FIbre-fed Echelle Spectrograph on the Nordic Optical Telescope, for 71 giant field stars. In addition, asteroseismology from the Kepler satellite is available for all stars, providing the stellar masses, ages, and evolutionary states. Finally, astrometry from the Gaia data is also available for most of the sample. We compare these new determinations with stellar evolution models taking into account the effects of transport processes. To exploit the complete potential of our extensive catalogue, and considering both the Milky Way evolution and the impact of stellar evolution, we built mock catalogues using the Besançon Galaxy model in which stellar evolution models taking into account the effects of thermohaline instability are included.
Results. We confirm that the carbon isotopic ratio at the surface of core He-burning stars is lower than that of first-ascent RGB stars. The carbon isotopic ratio measured at the surface of the core He-burning stars increases with [Fe/H] and stellar mass, while it decreases with stellar age. These trends are all nicely explained by the thermohaline mixing that occurs in red giants. We show that our models can explain the behaviour of 12C/13C versus N/O, although the observations seem to show a lower N/O than the models. We also note that more constraints on the thick disc core He-burning stars are needed to understand this difference.
Conclusions. Overall, the current model including thermohaline mixing is able to reproduce very well the 12C/13C with the stellar metallicity and with the stellar mass and age.
Obscuration in high-redshift jetted quasi-stellar objects
Authors: Caccianiga A. , Ighina L. , Moretti A. , Brivio R. , Belladitta S. , Dallacasa D. , Spingola C. , Marchã M. J. , Antón S. 
Published: February 2024

Context. Obscuration in high-redshift quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) has a profound impact on our understanding of the evolution of supermassive black holes across cosmic time. An accurate quantification of its relevance is therefore mandatory.
Aims. We present a study aimed at evaluating the importance of obscuration in high-redshift jetted QSOs, that is, active nuclei characterised by the presence of powerful relativistic jets.
Methods. We compared the observed number of radio-detected QSOs at different radio flux density limits with the value predicted by the beaming model on the basis of the number of oriented sources (blazars). Any significant deficit between observations and predictions of radio-detected QSOs can be caused by the presence of obscuration along large angles from the jet direction. We applied this approach to two sizeable samples characterised by the same optical limit (mag = 21) but with significantly different radio density limits (30 mJy and 1 mJy, respectively) and containing a total of 87 independent radio-loud 4 ≤ z ≤ 6.8 QSOs, 31 of which are classified as blazars.
Results. We found generally good agreement between the numbers predicted by the model and those actually observed, with only a marginal discrepancy at ∼0.5 mJy that could be caused by the sample’s lack of completeness. We concluded that we have no evidence of obscuration within angles 10–20° from the relativistic jet direction. We also discuss how the ongoing deep wide-angle radio surveys will be instrumental to testing the presence of obscuration at much larger angles, up to 30–35°. Finally, we suggest that, depending on the actual fraction of obscured QSOs, relativistic jets could be much more common at high redshifts compared to what is usually observed in the local Universe.
Reliability and validity of remote Life Space Assessment: LSA in persons with chronic stroke
Authors: Oliveira Nayara Kelly de , Santos Laura Helen Cerqueira Gomes dos , Reis Gabriela Cristina dos , Pereira Natalia Duarte 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) is used to measure the mobility of chronic hemiparetic patients and the Life Space Assessment (LSA) scale was developed to assess the displacement of hemiparetic patients in different contexts through self-reporting. Studies that apply the LSA remotely and correlate it with the number of steps measured by the SAM were not found.
Objective To evaluate the measurement properties of the LSA applied remotely and to evaluate the correlation between the LSA scale score and the number of steps measured by the SAM in post-stroke chronic hemiparetic patients.
Methods Nineteen patients participated in the study. The LSA scale was applied remotely and later, face to face. The SAM measured the steps taken by the participants over a period of three consecutive days. The correlation between the LSA and the SAM was performed using Pearson's correlation. The measurement properties calculated of remote LSA were the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbrach's alpha, standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest real difference (SRD).
Results The reproducibility of the LSA scale between remote and face-to-face applications was considered excellent with ICC = 0.85 (IC 95% 0.62-0.94); SEM = 8.4; SRD = 23.2, and Cronbach's alpha = 0.85. The correlation between SAM and LSA was positive, considered moderate (r = 0.51) and significant (p = 0.025).
Conclusion The LSA is a reproducible measure for post-stroke chronic hemiparetic patients even if applied remotely and can be used as a remote measurement for mobility in a real-world environment for people with chronic hemiparesis after stroke.