bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation and experimental diagnostics of fast electron kinetics and plasma parameters in a microhollow cathode discharges in helium
Authors: Saifutdinov A I , Sysoev S S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies of plasma parameters and kinetics of fast electrons in the region of negative glow of a discharge with a microhollow cathode at high pressures based on a hybrid model that includes a kinetic description of electrons and a fluid description of the heavy plasma component. The results of numerical calculations are compared with the results of probe studies. It is shown that the hybrid model makes it possible to accurately describe the formation of electron energy distribution function peaks from fast electrons produced as a result of Penning ionization reactions and superelastic collisions. The results of numerical calculations make it possible to predict the parameters of the negative glow plasma in discharges with a microhollow cathode in pure helium and in helium with impurities of various gases, including organic ones.
Pseudospin collapse, multidirectional supercollimations, and all-electrons transmission and reflection in irradiated 8-Pmmn borophene
Authors: Xu Yafang , Liu Jiahui , Xi Bin , Zhou Xingfei , Liu Yongjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Propagation of ballistic electrons shows various optical-like phenomena. Here, we demonstrate a flexible method to modulate the band structure and manipulate the electron beams propagation in 8-Pmmn borophene by an off-resonant linearly polarized light. It is proposed to form fully tunable anisotropic dispersion by changing the polarization direction of the off-resonant light in an experimentally controllable way. Accompanied with it, the pseudospin symmetry of the electronic state in 8-Pmmn borophene collapses from a helical form into x or y direction, which undergoes a dramatic alteration. As a result of the wedge-shaped dispersions, the electron wave packet can be guided to propagate with undistorted shape along different directions, multidirectional electron supercollimations are exhibited in the system. Moreover, by constructing the optical sensing n–p and n–p–n junctions, interesting transport phenomena such as all-electrons Klein tunneling and omnidirectional reflection are realized by modulating the illumination parameters of the off-resonant light, both of them are independent of the incident energy and wave vector. It is expected that the peculiar transport properties in 8-Pmmn borophene modified by the off-resonant light field can offer more opportunities for device applications in valleytronics and electron-optics.
Damped quantum drift Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation for a dissipative inhomogeneous partially degenerate plasma with quantizing magnetic field
Authors: Asam M T , Shah H A , Masood W , Bukhari S A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Damped quantum drift Zakharov-Kuznetsov (DQDZK) equation is investigated in two dimensions for a spatially inhomogeneous and dissipative plasma with adiabatic electron trapping in the presence of quantizing magnetic field and partial degeneracy. Linear and nonlinear analysis is presented in detail. For the 2D case, it is observed that the angular frequency of linear drift ion acoustic wave (DIAW) exhibits a cut-off point that gets modified by Landau quantization and partial degeneracy of the trapped electrons. It is observed that the inclusion of ion-neutral collisions leads to the formation of DQDZK equation for the system under consideration. The DQDZK is solved analytically using the hyperbolic tangent method and a decaying solitary wave solution is obtained. It is shown that the effects of quantizing magnetic field, partial degeneracy, and obliqueness significantly modify the properties of the nonlinear drift ion acoustic structures. The results presented here can be gainfully employed to understand the linear and nonlinear wave propagation in dense degenerate plasmas present in astrophysical compact objects like white dwarfs and neutron stars.
Primordial non-Gaussianity fNLand anisotropies in scalar-induced gravitational waves
Authors: Li Jun-Peng , Wang Sai , Zhao Zhi-Chao , Kohri Kazunori 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrimordial non-Gaussianity encodes vital information of the physics of the early universe, particularly during the inflationary epoch. To explore the local-type primordial non-GaussianityfNL, we study the anisotropies in gravitational wave background induced by the linear cosmological scalar perturbations during radiation domination in the early universe. We provide the first complete analysis to the angular power spectrum of such scalar-induced gravitational waves. The spectrum is expressed in terms of the initial inhomogeneities, the Sachs-Wolfe effect, and their crossing. It is anticipated to have frequency dependence and multipole dependence, i.e.,Cℓ(ν) ∝ [ℓ(ℓ+1)]-1withνbeing a frequency andℓreferring to theℓ-th spherical harmonic multipole. In particular, the initial inhomogeneites in this background depend on gravitational-wave frequency. These properties are potentially useful for the component separation, foreground removal, and breaking degeneracies in model parameters, making the non-Gaussian parameterfNLmeasurable. Further, theoretical expectations may be tested by space-borne gravitational-wave detectors in future.
The RFI Fast Mitigation Algorithm Based on Block LMS Filter
Authors: Wu Han , Zhang Hai-Long , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Wang Jie , Du Xu , Zhang Ting , Ye Xin-Chen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The radio telescope possesses high sensitivity and strong signal collection capabilities. While receiving celestial radiation signals, it also captures Radio Frequency Interferences (RFIs) introduced by human activities. RFI, as signals originating from sources other than the astronomical targets, significantly impacts the quality of astronomical data. This paper presents an RFI fast mitigation algorithm based on block Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. It enhances the traditional adaptive LMS filter by grouping L adjacent time-sampled points into one block and applying the same filter coefficients for filtering within each block. This transformation reduces multiplication calculations and enhances algorithm efficiency by leveraging the time-domain convolution theorem. The algorithm is tested using baseband data from the Parkes 64 m radio telescope’s pulsar observations and simulated data. The results confirm the algorithm’s effectiveness, as the pulsar profile after RFI mitigation closely matches the original pulsar profile.
Analysis of absorption signal and noise in thin phosphor detectors
for high-energy transmission radiography
Authors: Yoo Seungjun , Shin Hubeom , Oh Seokwon , Lee Junho , Kim Hunhee , Kim Ho Kyung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigated the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of thin gadolinium
oxysulfide phosphor-based flat-panel detectors (FPDs) using cascaded-systems
analysis and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for applications in megavoltage
(MV) x-ray industrial imaging. We decomposed the DQE formula into
(dose-independent) upper-limit DQE and (dose-dependent) DQE-reduction
factors. We obtained the absorbed energy distributions (AEDs) for
various x-ray detector designs and photon energies using MC simulations
and applied the AED analysis to the DQE formula. The investigations
examined include the x-ray-detector-only DQE and the effect of the
coupling efficiency between the x-ray detector and readout panel,
including electronic noise, on the upper-limit DQE. This study confirms
that the design of the metal build-up layer on the phosphor is effective
for MV imaging and emphasizes the importance of designing the readout
panel to maintain the upper-limit DQE. We expect the proposed DQE
analysis to be suitable for designing and evaluating FPDs for high-energy
nondestructive x-ray testing.
Spatiotemporal changes of poverty based on the perspective of ecological poverty reduction: evidence from guangdong province, China
Authors: Guo Qing , You Wenlan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To explore the evolving trends of ecological poverty reduction in impoverished counties within Guangdong Province, this study adopts the Driver-State-Response (DSR) model. We establish an ecological poverty evaluation index system, predict the poverty reduction index using a neural network, analyze the developmental relationship between the ecological environment and socio-economy within Guangdong’s impoverished counties utilizing an improved decoupling index, and finally employ a heatmap to dissect the spatiotemporal distribution features of poverty alleviation pressure. The main findings are as follows: (1) Fewer poor counties in Guangdong Province decouple natural ecology and social economy between 2013 and 2021, but overall poverty pressure is declining; (2) The pressure to reduce poverty and its changes vary greatly across different regions, with the pressure being concentrated in the north and less in the center and east. The essay makes appropriate policy recommendations for reducing poverty in various Guangdong Province regions based on the aforementioned findings.
Ionic hydrogels-based triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered human–machine interfaces
Authors: Liang Siyang , Li Chang , Niu Mengjuan , Zhu Pengcheng , Pan Zhifeng , Mao Yanchao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ionic hydrogels outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics with many remarkable advantages including great flexibility, high conductivity, exceptional biocompatibility, and transparency, making them ideal materials for wearable human–machine interfaces (HMIs). However, traditional HMIs typically rely on external power sources, which impose limitations in terms of device size and weight, thereby compromising the user experience in HMIs. The advent of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) employing ionic hydrogels has introduced a sustainable energy solution for self-powered HMIs. These TENGs can harvest the electrical energy resulting from the migration of ions induced by mechanical motion, thereby offering a sustainable energy solution for applications in wearable HMIs. Hence, the development of ionic hydrogels-based TENGs holds immense potential for the advancement of self-powered HMIs. This review first introduces the latest achievements in the fabrication of ionic hydrogel-based TENGs using diverse materials, including synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and low-dimensional materials. Then different working principles and modes of the ionic hydrogel-based TENGs are elucidated. Subsequently, the applications of these TENGs in self-powered HMIs are discussed, such as robot control, medical applications, electronic device control, and other applications. Finally, the current status and future prospects of ionic hydrogel-based TENGs in self-powered HMIs are summarized. We hope that this review will provide inspiration for the future development of self-powered human–machine interfaces utilizing ionic hydrogels-based TENGs.
Roadmap on multifunctional materials for drug delivery
Authors: Nottelet Benjamin , Buwalda Sytze , van Nostrum Cornelus F , Zhao Xiaofei , Deng Chao , Zhong Zhiyuan , Cheah Ernest , Svirskis Darren , Trayford Chloe , van Rijt Sabine , Ménard-Moyon Cécilia , Kumar Ravi , Kehr Nermin Seda , de Barros Natan Roberto , Khademhosseini Ali , Kim Han-Jun , Vermonden Tina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis Roadmap on drug delivery aims to cover some of the most recent advances in the field of materials for drug delivery systems (DDSs) and emphasizes the role that multifunctional materials play in advancing the performance of modern DDSsin the context of the most current challenges presented. The Roadmap is comprised of multiple sections, each of which introduces the status of the field, the current and future challenges faced, and a perspective of the required advances necessary for biomaterial science to tackle these challenges. It is our hope that this collective vision will contribute to the initiation of conversation and collaboration across all areas of multifunctional materials for DDSs. We stress that this article is not meant to be a fully comprehensive review but rather an up-to-date snapshot of different areas of research, with a minimal number of references that focus upon the very latest research developments.
Hypersensitivity to PACAP-38 in post-traumatic headache: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Al-Khazali Haidar M , Christensen Rune H , Dodick David W , Chaudhry Basit Ali , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Burstein Rami , Ashina Håkan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38), known for its role in migraine pathogenesis, has been identified as a novel drug target. Given the clinical parallels between post-traumatic headache (PTH) and migraine, we explored the possible role of PACAP-38 in the pathogenesis of PTH. To this end, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover trial involving adult participants diagnosed with persistent PTH resulting from mild traumatic brain injury.
Participants were randomly assigned to receive a 20-min continuous intravenous infusion of either PACAP-38 (10 pmol/kg/min) or placebo (isotonic saline) on two separate experimental days, with a 1-week washout period in between. The primary outcome was the difference in incidence of migraine-like headache between PACAP-38 and placebo during a 12-h observational period post-infusion. The secondary outcome was the difference in the area under the curve (AUC) for baseline-corrected median headache intensity scores during the same 12-h observational period.
Of 49 individuals assessed for eligibility, 21 were enrolled and completed the trial. The participants had a mean age of 35.2 years, and 16 (76%) were female. Most [19 of 21 (90%)] had a migraine-like phenotype. During the 12-h observational period, 20 of 21 (95%) participants developed migraine-like headache after intravenous infusion of PACAP-38, compared with two (10%) participants after placebo (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the baseline-corrected AUC values for median headache intensity scores during the 12-h observational period was higher after PACAP-38 than placebo (P &lt; 0.001).
These compelling results demonstrate that PACAP-38 is potent inducer of migraine-like headache in people with persistent PTH. Thus, targeting PACAP-38 signalling might be a promising avenue for the treatment of PTH.
α-Synuclein expression in response to bacterial ligands and metabolites in gut enteroendocrine cells: an in vitro proof of concept study
Authors: Hurley Michael J , Menozzi Elisa , Koletsi Sofia , Bates Rachel , Gegg Matthew E , Chau Kai-Yin , Blottière Hervé M , Macnaughtan Jane , Schapira Anthony H V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Caudo-rostral migration of pathological forms of α-synuclein from the gut to the brain is proposed as an early feature in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Intestinal epithelial enteroendocrine cells sense and respond to numerous luminal signals, including bacterial factors, and transmit this information to the brain via the enteric nervous system and vagus nerve. There is evidence that gut bacteria composition and their metabolites change in Parkinson’s disease patients, and these alterations can trigger α-synuclein pathology in animal models of the disorder. Here, we investigated the effect of toll-like receptor and free fatty acid receptor agonists on the intracellular level of α-synuclein and its release using mouse secretin tumour cell line 1 enteroendocrine cells. Secretin tumour cell line 1 enteroendocrine cells were treated for 24 or 48 h with toll-like receptor agonists (toll-like receptor 4 selective lipopolysaccharide; toll-like receptor 2 selective Pam3CysSerLys4) and the free fatty acid receptor 2/3 agonists butyrate, propionate and acetate. The effect of selective receptor antagonists on the agonists’ effects after 24 hours was also investigated. The level of α-synuclein protein was measured in cell lysates and cell culture media by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of α-synuclein and tumour necrosis factor messenger RNA was measured by quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. Stimulation of secretin tumour cell line 1 enteroendocrine cells for 24 and 48 hours with toll-like receptor and free fatty acid receptor agonists significantly increased the amount of intracellular α-synuclein and the release of α-synuclein from the cells into the culture medium. Both effects were significantly reduced by antagonists selective for each receptor. Toll-like receptor and free fatty acid receptor agonists also significantly increased tumour necrosis factor transcription, and this was effectively inhibited by corresponding antagonists. Elevated intracellular α-synuclein increases the likelihood of aggregation and conversion to toxic forms. Factors derived from bacteria induce α-synuclein accumulation in secretin tumour cell line 1 enteroendocrine cells. Here, we provide support for a mechanism by which exposure of enteroendocrine cells to specific bacterial factors found in Parkinson’s disease gut dysbiosis might facilitate accumulation of α-synuclein pathology in the gut.
Frailty Screening is Associated with Hospitalization and Decline in Quality of Life and Functional Status in Older Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Asscher Vera E R , Rodriguez Gírondo Mar , Fens Jesse , Waars Sanne N , Stuyt Rogier J L , Baven-Pronk A Martine C , Srivastava Nidhi , Jacobs Rutger J , Haans Jeoffrey J L , Meijer Lennart J , Klijnsma-Slagboom Jacqueline D , Duin Marijn H , Peters Milou E R , Lee-Kong Felicia V Y L , Provoost Nanda E , Tijdeman Femke , van Dijk Kenan T , Wieland Monse W M , Verstegen Mirre G M , van der Meijs Melissa E , Maan Annemijn D I , van Deudekom Floor J , van der Meulen-de Jong Andrea E , Mooijaart Simon P , Maljaars P W Jeroen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Our goals were to study frailty screening in association with hospitalization and decline in quality of life [QoL] and functional status in older patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD].

Methods
This was a prospective multicentre cohort study in IBD patients ≥65 years old using frailty screening [G8 Questionnaire]. Outcomes were all-cause, acute, and IBD-related hospitalization, any infection, any malignancy, QoL [EQ5D-3L], and functional decline (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [IADL]) during 18 months of follow-up. Confounders were age, IBD type, biochemical disease activity [C-reactive protein ≥10 mg/L and/or faecal calprotectin ≥250 µg/g], and comorbidity [Charlson Comorbidity Index].

Results
Of 405 patients, with a median age of 70 years, 196 [48%] were screened as being at risk for frailty. All-cause hospitalizations occurred 136 times in 96 patients [23.7%], and acute hospitalizations 103 times in 74 patients [18.3%]. Risk of frailty was not associated with all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.4), but was associated with acute hospitalizations [aHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.8]. Infections occurred in 86 patients [21.2%] and these were not associated with frailty. A decline in QoL was experienced by 108 [30.6%] patients, and a decline in functional status by 46 patients [13.3%]. Frailty screening was associated with a decline in QoL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.6) and functional status [aOR 3.7, 95% CI 1.7–8.1].

Conclusions
Frailty screening is associated with worse health outcomes in older patients with IBD. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of its implementation in routine care.
Sexual selection and the nonrandom union of gametes: retesting for assortative mating by fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Talagala Sanduni , Rakosy Emily , Long Tristan A F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While numerous theoretical population genetic models predict that mating assortatively by genetic ‘quality’ will enhance the efficiency of purging of deleterious mutations and/or the spread of beneficial alleles in the gene pool, empirical examples of assortative mating by quality are surprisingly rare and often inconclusive. Here, we set out to examine whether fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) engage in assortative mating by body-size phenotype, a composite trait strongly associated with both reproductive success and survival, and is considered a reliable indicator of natural genetic quality. Male and female flies of different body-size classes (large and small) were obtained under typical culture conditions which allows us to use standing variation of body size without involving artificial nutritional manipulation, so that their interactions and mating patterns could be measured. While flies did not exhibit assortative courtship behaviour, when patterns of offspring production were analyzed, it was found that individuals produced more offspring with partners of similar quality/body size, resulting in a positive correlation in fitness between mates. Subsequent assays of offspring fitness indicated that assortative mating produced sons and daughters that had greater or equal reproductive success than those produced from disassortative mating. Together, these results validate theoretical predictions that assortative mating sexual selection can enhance the effects of natural selection and consequently the rate of adaptive evolution.
Insights into accumulation of active ingredients and rhizosphere microorganisms between Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. castanea
Authors: Xu Zishu , Liu Hui , Ullah Najeeb , Tung Shahbaz Atta , Ali Basharat , Li Xin , Chen Shubin , Xu Ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important traditional herbal medicine, and its extracts could be used for treating cardiovascular disease. Although these medicinal compounds are functionally similar, their wild relative, S. castanea, produces significantly different concentrations of these compounds. The reason for their differences is still unknown. In a series of soil and plant-based analyses, we explored and compared the rhizosphere microbiome of S. miltiorrhiza and S. castanea. To further investigate the geographical distribution of S. castanea, MaxEnt models were used to predict the future suitable habitat areas of S. castanea in China. Results revealed the distributions and structure of the rhizosphere microbial community of S. miltiorrhiza and S. castanea at different times. In addition, differences in altitude and soil moisture resulting from changes in climate and geographical location are also critical environmental factors in the distribution of S. castanea. The findings of this study increase our understanding of plant adaptation to their geographical environment through secondary metabolites. It also highlights the complex interplay between rhizospheric factors and plant metabolism, which provides the theoretical basis for the cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza and the use of S. castanea resources.