bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure Regulation of Single‐atom Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Sensing
Authors: Shu Yijin , Mo Qijie , Gao Qingsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received extensive attention in the fields of electrocatalytic sensing, and in response to the requirements of different sensing systems, a variety of metal single‐atom structures have been emerged. In this review, we at first introduce the current mainstream synthesis methods of SACs, and then focus on the structural regulation strategies of SACs and the structure‐performance relationship generated in electrocatalytic sensing. It is worth noting that we classify the regulation engineering of single‐atom structures and describe the corresponding enhanced performance of electrocatalytic sensing, which makes up for the shortcomings of reviews in this field. Eventually, the opportunities and challenges of SACs based electrochemical sensors are outlined.
Design Strategies towards Advanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts at Large Current Densities
Authors: Qiao Man , Li Bo , Fei Teng , Xue Mingren , Yao Tianxin , Tang Qin , Zhu Dongdong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogen (H2), produced by water electrolysis with the electricity from renewable sources, is an ideal energy carrier for achieving a carbon‐neutral and sustainable society. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is the cathodic half‐reaction of water electrolysis, which requires active and robust electrocatalysts to reduce the energy consumption for H2 generation. Despite numerous electrocatalysts have been reported by the academia for HER, most of them were only tested under relatively small current densities for a short period, which cannot meet the requirements for industrial water electrolysis. To bridge the gap between academia and industry, it is crucial to develop highly active HER electrocatalysts which can operate at large current densities for a long time. In this review, the mechanisms of HER in acidic and alkaline electrolytes are firstly introduced. Then, design strategies towards high‐performance large‐current‐density HER electrocatalysts from five aspects including number of active sites, intrinsic activity of each site, charge transfer, mass transfer, and stability are discussed via featured examples. Finally, our own insights about the challenges and future opportunities in this emerging field are presented.
Modelling a five‐level LLC resonant converter for bidirectional battery application
Authors: Alatai Salah , Salem Mohamed , Delgado M. T. , Ishak Dahaman , Kamarol Mohamad 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study designed and evaluated an integrated cascaded pair of full‐bridge LLC resonant bidirectional DC–DC converters usable in varied applications, including in energy storage systems, to function as an interface between two dc voltage buses in a variety of applications. The proposed converter combines an isolated five‐level cascaded H‐bridge LLC (IFCHB‐LLC) resonant circuit with a buck/boost circuit (bidirectional converter BID). In this converter, the inbuilt capabilities of an LLC converter, which function as a current source and a voltage source, were exploited, resulting in the constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charges while CV was implemented in the discharge stage (reverse flow). The modelling of the LLC converter was done following the first harmonic approximation (FHA) approach. Furthermore, to ensure improved efficiency of the proposed system, the passive elements of the resonance tank and isolation transformer ratio were programmed in a manner that the converter can be operated within the zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) and zero‐current switching (ZCS) regions. The feasibility and validity of the converter were tested using a 500 W prototype converter with an input voltage of 200 V resulting in the highest efficiency level of 94.46%.
Compensatory traits can explain the concave cost function of purely sexual traits
Authors: Hasegawa Masaru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe cost of ornamentation is often measured experimentally to study the relative importance of sexual and viability selection for ornamentation, but these experiments can lead to a misleading conclusion when compensatory trait is ignored. For example, a classic experiment on the outermost tail feathers in the barn swallow Hirundo rustica explains that the concave (or U‐shaped) aerodynamic performance cost of the outermost tail feathers would be the evolutionary outcome through viability selection for optimal tail length, but this conclusion depends on the assumption that compensatory traits do not cause reduced performance. Using a simple “toy model” experiment, I demonstrated that ornamentation evolved purely though sexual selection can produce a concave cost function under the presence of compensatory traits, which was further reinforced by a simple mathematical model. Therefore, concave cost function (and the low performance of individuals with reduced ornaments) cannot be used to infer the evolutionary force favoring ornamentation, due to a previously overlooked concept, “overcompensation,” which can worsen the whole body performance.
A preliminary study of genetic diversity in populations of Montrichardia Crueg. (Araceae) estimated with ISSR molecular markers
Authors: de Moraes e Sousa Eduardo , de Amaral Val João Vitor Carvalho , dos Reis Renata Brito , dos Santos Luciano Maria Claudia , Mayo Simon Joseph , de Andrade Ivanilza Moreira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe two species of Montrichardia (Araceae) are perennial herbs of great ecological, economic, and ethnobotanical importance that form populations by clonal growth and sexual reproduction. Here, genetic diversity was studied within a drainage system distant from Amazonia. Five populations were sampled from the Rio Parnaíba Delta (northeast Brazil) and two outside it. The eight ISSR primers selected generated 342 marker bands. The non‐Delta populations (M. arborescens) were grouped together by cluster analysis and Bayesian simulation but the Delta populations (M. linifera) were only grouped weakly. Ordination and Bayesian simulation grouped populations into three pairs along an east–west axis. All population pairs were significantly different (pairwise PhiPT, p ≤ 0.001). Between‐population variance (AMOVA, 39.9% variance, p < 0.001) was much greater than between‐species (12.2%, p < 0.034), but within‐population variance was greatest (48.0%). Within the Delta, geographical distance between populations did not predict genetic similarity, but relative within‐population diversity appears to be influenced by habitat differences. There is genetic evidence, but relatively weak, for recognizing the Delta populations as M. linifera and the non‐Delta ones as M. arborescens; Paulino Neves (Maranhão) appears to be the easternmost record for this species. The strong between‐population differences previously reported for M. linifera are corroborated.
Graph alignment exploiting the spatial organization improves the similarity of brain networks
Authors: Calissano Anna , Papadopoulo Theodore , Pennec Xavier , Deslauriers‐Gauthier Samuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvery brain is unique, having its structural and functional organization shaped by both genetic and environmental factors over the course of its development. Brain image studies tend to produce results by averaging across a group of subjects, under the common assumption that it is possible to subdivide the cortex into homogeneous areas while maintaining a correspondence across subjects. We investigate this assumption: can the structural properties of a specific region of an atlas be assumed to be the same across subjects? This question is addressed by looking at the network representation of the brain, with nodes corresponding to brain regions and edges to their structural relationships. Using an unsupervised graph matching strategy, we align the structural connectomes of a set of healthy subjects, considering parcellations of different granularity, to understand the connectivity misalignment between regions. First, we compare the obtained permutations with four different algorithm initializations: Spatial Adjacency, Identity, Barycenter, and Random. Our results suggest that applying an alignment strategy improves the similarity across subjects when the number of parcels is above 100 and when using Spatial Adjacency and Identity initialization (the most plausible priors). Second, we characterize the obtained permutations, revealing that the majority of permutations happens between neighbors parcels. Lastly, we study the spatial distribution of the permutations. By visualizing the results on the cortex, we observe no clear spatial patterns on the permutations and all the regions across the context are mostly permuted with first and second order neighbors.
Aging effects on dual‐route speech processing networks during speech perception in noise
Authors: Wang Songjian , Chen Younuo , Liu Yi , Yang Liu , Wang Yuan , Fu Xinxing , Hu Jiong , Pugh Esther , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHealthy aging leads to complex changes in the functional network of speech processing in a noisy environment. The dual‐route neural architecture has been applied to the study of speech processing. Although evidence suggests that senescent increases activity in the brain regions across the dorsal and ventral stream regions to offset reduced periphery, the regulatory mechanism of dual‐route functional networks underlying such compensation remains largely unknown. Here, by utilizing functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated the compensatory mechanism of the dual‐route functional connectivity, and its relationship with healthy aging by using a speech perception task at varying signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) in healthy individuals (young adults, middle‐aged adults, and older adults). Results showed that the speech perception scores showed a significant age‐related decrease with the reduction of the SNR. The analysis results of dual‐route speech processing networks showed that the functional connection of Wernicke's area and homolog Wernicke's area were age‐related increases. Further to clarify the age‐related characteristics of the dual‐route speech processing networks, graph‐theoretical network analysis revealed an age‐related increase in the efficiency of the networks, and the age‐related differences in nodal characteristics were found both in Wernicke's area and homolog Wernicke's area under noise environment. Thus, Wernicke's area might be a key network hub to maintain efficient information transfer across the speech process network with healthy aging. Moreover, older adults would recruit more resources from the homologous Wernicke's area in a noisy environment. The recruitment of the homolog of Wernicke's area might provide a means of compensation for older adults for decoding speech in an adverse listening environment. Together, our results characterized dual‐route speech processing networks at varying noise environments and provided new insight for the compensatory theories of how aging modulates the dual‐route speech processing functional networks.
Identifying subgroups of eating behavior traits unrelated to obesity using functional connectivity and feature representation learning
Authors: Choi Hyoungshin , Byeon Kyoungseob , Lee Jong‐eun , Hong Seok‐Jun , Park Bo‐yong , Park Hyunjin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEating behavior is highly heterogeneous across individuals and cannot be fully explained using only the degree of obesity. We utilized unsupervised machine learning and functional connectivity measures to explore the heterogeneity of eating behaviors measured by a self‐assessment instrument using 424 healthy adults (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age = 47.07 ± 18.89 years; 67% female). We generated low‐dimensional representations of functional connectivity using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and estimated latent features using the feature representation capabilities of an autoencoder by nonlinearly compressing the functional connectivity information. The clustering approaches applied to latent features identified three distinct subgroups. The subgroups exhibited different levels of hunger traits, while their body mass indices were comparable. The results were replicated in an independent dataset consisting of 212 participants (mean ± SD age = 38.97 ± 19.80 years; 35% female). The model interpretation technique of integrated gradients revealed that the between‐group differences in the integrated gradient maps were associated with functional reorganization in heteromodal association and limbic cortices and reward‐related subcortical structures such as the accumbens, amygdala, and caudate. The cognitive decoding analysis revealed that these systems are associated with reward‐ and emotion‐related systems. Our findings provide insights into the macroscopic brain organization of eating behavior‐related subgroups independent of obesity.
Quantitative assessment of corneal elasticity distribution after FS‐LASIK using optical coherence elastography
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhang Yubao , Shi Gang , Liu Guo , Ai Sizhu , Wang Yidi , Zhang Qin , He Xingdao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantifying corneal elasticity after femtosecond laser‐assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK) procedure plays an important role in improving surgical safety and quality, since some latent complications may occur ascribing to changes in postoperative corneal biomechanics. Nevertheless, it is suggested that current research has been severely constrained due to the lack of an accurate quantification method to obtain postoperative corneal elasticity distribution. In this paper, an acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography system combined with the improved phase velocity algorithm was utilized to realize elasticity distribution images of the in vivo rabbit cornea after FS‐LASIK under various intraocular pressure levels. As a result, elasticity variations within and between the regions of interest could be identified precisely. This is the first time that elasticity imaging of in vivo cornea after FS‐LASIK surgery was demonstrated, and the results suggested that this technology may hold promise in further exploring corneal biomechanical properties after refractive surgery.
Preclinical multi‐physiologic monitoring of immediate‐early responses to diverse treatment strategies in breast cancer by optoacoustic imaging
Authors: Lin Xiaoqian , Yang Changfeng , Lv Yijie , Zhang Bowen , Kan Junnan , Li Hao , Tao Jin , Yang Caixia , Li Xianglin , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOptoacoustic imaging enables the measurement of tissue oxygen saturation (sO2) and blood perfusion while being utilized for detecting tumor microenvironments. Our aim was to employ multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) to assess immediate‐early changes of hemoglobin level and sO2 within breast tumors during diverse treatments. Mouse breast cancer models were allocated into four groups: control, everolimus (EVE), paclitaxel (PTX), and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Hemoglobin was quantified daily, as well as sO2 and blood perfusion were verified by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. MSOT showed a temporal window of enhanced oxygenation and improved perfusion in EVE and PTX groups, while sO2 consistently remained below baseline in PDT. The same results were obtained for the IHC. Therefore, MSOT can monitor tumor hypoxia and indirectly reflect blood perfusion in a non‐invasive and non‐labeled way, which has the potential to monitor breast cancer progression early and enable individualized treatment in clinical practice.
Gene therapy for neurotransmitter‐related disorders
Authors: Chu Wing Sum , Ng Joanne , Waddington Simon N. , Kurian Manju A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInborn errors of neurotransmitter (NT) metabolism are a group of rare, heterogenous diseases with predominant neurological features, such as movement disorders, autonomic dysfunction, and developmental delay. Clinical overlap with other disorders has led to delayed diagnosis and treatment, and some conditions are refractory to oral pharmacotherapies. Gene therapies have been developed and translated to clinics for paediatric inborn errors of metabolism, with 38 interventional clinical trials ongoing to date. Furthermore, efforts in restoring dopamine synthesis and neurotransmission through viral gene therapy have been developed for Parkinson's disease. Along with the recent European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approval of an AAV2 gene supplementation therapy for AADC deficiency, promising efficacy and safety profiles can be achieved in this group of diseases. In this review, we present preclinical and clinical advances to address NT‐related diseases, and summarise potential challenges that require careful considerations for NT gene therapy studies.
Impact of neoadjuvant therapy on nodal harvest in clinical stage III rectal cancer: Establishing optimum cut‐offs by disease response
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Woo Kimberly , Chang Jenny , Gamaleldin Maysoon , DeHaan Reece , Dahdaleh Fadi , Felder Seth , Rosen David R. , Champagne Bradley , Steele Scott R. , Naffouje Samer A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionA minimum lymph node harvest (LNH) of 12 is the current standard for appropriate nodal staging in resectable rectal cancer. However, the rise of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has been associated with decreasing number of LNH. We hypothesize that as tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy increases, the optimum for LNH to achieve appropriate nodal staging should decrease.MethodsPatients with clinical stage III rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent NCRT/TNT followed by resection were identified from the National Cancer Database. A JoinPoint regression analysis was used to determine the LNH for each tumor regression grade (TRG) category beyond which the rate of positive nodes does not significantly change.ResultsThirteen thousand four hundred and twenty‐six patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 2406 (17.9%) achieved TRG 0 or ypT0 and 8210 (61.2%) achieved ypN0. Collectively, 2043 patients (15.2%) were reported to have a pathologic complete response (ypT0 ypN0). Positive pathologic nodes were found in 15%, 23%, 31%, 54%, and 53% as ypT stage increased from ypT0 to ypT4, respectively. Similarly, ypN+ rates were 15%, 36%, 41%, and 55% in TRG 0–3. No JoinPoint was identified for TRG 0, whereas inflection points were found at 6–10 nodes for TRG1 (p = 0.002) and TRG 2 (p = 0.016), and at 11–15 nodes for TRG 3.ConclusionThe benchmark of retrieving 12 nodes in resectable stage III rectal cancer is not consistently achieved after NCRT/TNT. We demonstrate that the LNH requirement to establish accurate pathologic nodal staging can vary depending on the tumor response to neoadjuvant therapies.
Featured Front Cover
Authors: Yu Limin , Li Yangbing , Luo Guangjie , Ge Guanghui , Zhang Han , Tang Fang , Yu Meng 
Published: January 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanism of slope cultivated land in karst mountainous areas of Southwest China—A case study of Puding County, Guizhou Province by Limin Yu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4936.image
Adapting peer review for the future: Digital disruptions and trust in peer review
Authors: Calamur Harini , Ghosh Roohi 
Published: January 2024

Key points
Academia is undergoing transformation with rapid technological advancements, global collaboration, and the rise of AI.
Maintaining research integrity is paramount in the face of new challenges and opportunities.
The peer review process, vital for research integrity, is strained due to the high volume of academic papers.
Cactus Communication's (CACTUS) global survey during Peer Review Week 2022 gathered insights from 685 participants on research integrity and peer review.
Survey participants emphasized the importance of peer review in detecting various issues, including plagiarism and questionable research practices.
Actions taken in response to integrity concerns varied, with some participants seeking guidance from colleagues or informing journal editors.
Digital innovations, especially AI‐driven tools, promise to revolutionize peer review processes, from manuscript screening to reviewer selection and evaluation.
AI tools like Chat GPT can aid authors in improving writing quality and assist reviewers in generating detailed feedback.
Concerns about data privacy and the need for a balance between human expertise and AI assistance are raised in the context of peer review.
AI plagiarism detection tool scan complement human efforts, providing an additional layer of scrutiny.
Increased digital innovation allows for flexible review formats, international collaboration, and heightened transparency in the review process.
The integration of AI into peer review holds the potential to enhance efficiency and objectivity but raises concerns about bias and transparency.
Guidelines, bias mitigation measures, accountability mechanisms, and ongoing training are essential for the responsible use of AI in peer review.
Encouraging peer review systems to embrace innovation and ethical AI is crucial for adapting to changing dynamics while upholding core principles of research integrity.
Role of conventional MD staging in modern era of hydrops MR imaging
Authors: Yan Hong‐Yu , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjective/HypothesisThis study correlated stage of Meniere's disease (MD) with MR imaging of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) to assess the role of MD staging in modern era.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsFifty‐four MD patients (60 ears) underwent an inner ear test battery and were further confirmed by MR imaging. Sixty MD ears were divided into stages I–IV, and hydrops MR images at each stage were compared.ResultsHydrops MRI demonstrated that EH at the cochlea with respective Grades 0/I/II were 3/7/1 ears for stage I, 0/5/3 ears for stage II, 1/6/26 ears for stage III and 0/2/6 ears for stage IV. Significant relationship was not identified between MD stage and grades of cochlear hydrops. Similarly, no significant relationship was shown between MD stage and grades of vestibular (saccular/utricular) hydrops. The optimal cutoff value of four‐tone average for predicting severe type (Grade II–III) cochlear/vestibular EH was 48 dB, which was within the stage III. Hence, prevalence of severe type (Grade II) cochlear EH in stages III (79%) and IV (75%) was significantly higher than stages I (9%) and II (38%). Similarly, severe type saccular/utricular EH in stages III (64%) and IV (75%) also showed significantly higher than stages I (18%) and II (25%).ConclusionAlthough conventional MD staging fails to correlate with the grades of EH on hydrops MRI, late‐stage MD may indicate heightened EH severity in the cochlea and vestibule.Level of Evidence4.