bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR spectroscopic studies of dimethyldiethoxy silane hydrolysis and polysiloxane conversion
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Fu , Lee Yu‐Der , Chen Kan‐Nan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe hydrolysis rate of alkoxy silane (dimethyldiethoxy silane, DMDES, etc.) is a linear relationship vs. the reaction time under the moisture flux control. The hydrolysis process results in formation of the linear polysiloxane products by a subsequent condensation reaction. An amidized alkoxy silane (3‐(2‐aminoethyl)aminopropylmethyldimethoxy silane, KLM‐602 or γ–aminopropyl‐ triethoxy silane, γ–APS) serves as an internal standard of DMDES hydrolysis kinetics measurements. The hydrolysis kinetics of DMDES with the amidized alkoxy silane and the subsequent linear polysiloxanes conversion have been evaluated and characterized by 29Si‐ and 13C‐NMR NMR spectroscopic measurements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 468–477, 2002
A study of solvent exchange process in (ethylene–vinyl alcohol) copolymer gels by a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging method
Authors: Kanekiyo Masahito , Kobayashi Masatoshi , Ando Isao , Kurosu Hiromichi , Amiya Shigetoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) image patterns of (ethylene–vinyl alcohol) copolymer (EVOH)/dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) gels with various ethylene contents were measured to elucidate the process of solvent exchange between DMSO and water in the gels soaked in water. The results of these experiments indicate that the rate of solvent exchange between DMSO and water in the gels increased with an increase in the ethylene content of EVOH copolymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 504–508, 2002
Novel chemical methods for the infiltration of opal particles with electrically conductive polyaniline polymers
Authors: Khalil Hanaa S. A. , Levon Kalle 
Published: October 2002

AbstractChemical methods for successfully coating opal particles with electrically conducting polyaniline (PANi) polymers were studied. Two different routes were proven successful. First was the in situ chemical doping reaction of PANi with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) and camphorsulfonic acid dopants. The other method was placement of opal particles in a low concentration of a conducting PANi/DBSA solution in chloroform. Ultraviolet analyses of opal samples showed typical spectra for doped PANi with delocalized polarons. The electrical resistance of coated opal was measured to be 0.75 × 103 Ω. Morphological studies of the fractured surface by scanning electron microscopy indicated successful coating. Cyclic voltammetry studies confirmed the percolating behavior of infiltrated PANi. Also, a selective electroactive behavior toward the type of dopant was observed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 788–793, 2002
Survey of fibroblast growth factor expression during chick organogenesis
Authors: Karabagli Hakan , Karabagli Pinar , Ladher Raj K. , Schoenwolf Gary C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMembers of the extensive fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play many key roles during embryonic development. In later development, during the course of organogenesis, these factors have been shown to direct distinct cellular pathways within the context of a particular organ system. To gain more insight into the processes that these factors may be controlling, we conducted a survey of the expression of known FGF family members in chick embryos at stages 18–25. We show the expression patterns of fgf‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐8, ‐10, ‐12, ‐13, ‐14, and ‐18 in the head, trunk, limbs, heart, and tail of the embryo. Anat Rec 268:1–6, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterisation of aphid myrosinase and degradation studies of glucosinolates
Authors: Francis Frédéric , Lognay Georges , Wathelet Jean‐Paul , Haubruge Eric 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMyrosinase from Brevicoryne brassicae was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and chromatography on a DEAE column. The chromatography yielded a single peak and a 115.6‐fold purification. Further FPLC gel filtration gave a single peak at 120 kDa. Denaturing SDS/PAGE of the protein revealed a single band at 60 kDa, indicating that the native B. brassicae myrosinase is a dimer. Kinetic parameters towards 8 glucosinolates were calculated. Strong differences of Vmax and Km were observed depending on the substrate. Degradation products of each glucosinolate were identified and quantified by GC‐MS and GLC‐FID, respectively. Using both crude aphid homogenates and purified myrosinase, two unique hydroxyglucosinolates, 3‐butenyl‐ and benzyl‐isothiocyanates were identified from progoitrin ((2S)‐2‐hydroxybut‐3‐enyl‐glucosinolate) and sinalbin (4‐hydroxybenzyl‐glucosinolate) degradation respectively. Addition of ascorbic acid to the reaction mixtures containing sinalbin and progoitrin caused the production of hydroxylated degradation products usually associated with plant myrosinase metabolisation. The occurrence of the myrosinase system in B. brassicae is discussed in terms of similar allelochemical adaptation between the herbivore and its host plant. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 50:173–182, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective accumulation of CCR4+ T lymphocytes into renal tissue of patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Yamada Masato , Yagita Hideo , Inoue Hideko , Takanashi Tsuyoshi , Matsuda Hironori , Munechika Eiko , Kanamaru Yutaka , Shirato Isao , Tomino Yasuhiko , Matushima Kouji , Okumura Ko , Hashimoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveSome chemokine receptors, such as CCR5 and CCR4, are differentially expressed on Th1 and Th2 cells. To determine whether differential expression of the chemokine receptors occurs in patients with lupus nephritis, we examined the expression of CCR4 and CCR5 on peripheral blood lymphocytes and mononuclear cells infiltrated into the renal tissue of patients with lupus nephritis.MethodsThe expression of CCR4 and CCR5 on CD4+,CD45RO+ cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and compared between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls. Correlation between the absolute number of CCR4+ or CCR5+ cells and clinical parameters was also analyzed. Mononuclear infiltrates in the renal tissue of SLE patients were analyzed for the expression of CCR4, CCR5, and CD4 by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe absolute number of CCR4+, but not CCR5+, T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was significantly decreased in the patients with SLE compared with that in the healthy controls, and this positively correlated with the serum levels of C3 and CH50. Most of the CD4+ T lymphocytes that infiltrated into the renal tissue of the patients with lupus nephritis expressed CCR4, but not CCR5.ConclusionThese results suggest that CCR4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which represent Th2 cells, preferentially migrate into the renal tissue of patients with lupus nephritis. The maldistribution of CCR4+ T lymphocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Reduced chondrogenic and adipogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with advanced osteoarthritis
Authors: Murphy J. Mary , Dixon Kenneth , Beck Stephen , Fabian Dennis , Feldman Andrew , Barry Frank 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are resident in the bone marrow throughout normal adult life and have the capacity to differentiate along a number of connective tissue pathways, among them bone, cartilage, and fat. To determine whether functionally normal MSC populations may be isolated from patients with advanced osteoarthritis (OA), we have compared cells from patients undergoing joint replacement with cells from normal donors. Cell populations were compared in terms of yield, proliferation, and capacity to differentiate.MethodsMSCs were prepared from bone marrow aspirates obtained from the iliac crest or from the tibia/femur during joint surgery. In vitro chondrogenic activity was measured as glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen deposition in pellet cultures. Adipogenic activity was measured as the accumulation of Nile Red O‐positive lipid vacuoles, and osteogenic activity was measured as calcium deposition and by von Kossa staining.ResultsPatient‐derived MSCs formed colonies in primary culture that were characteristically spindle‐shaped with normal morphology. The primary cell yield in 36 of 38 cell cultures from OA donors fell within the range found in cultures from normal donors. However, the proliferative capacity of patient‐derived MSCs was significantly reduced. There was a significant reduction in in vitro chondrogenic and adipogenic activity in cultures of patient‐derived cells compared with that in normal cultures. There was no significant difference in in vitro osteogenic activity. There was no decline in chondrogenic potential with age in cells obtained from individuals with no evidence of OA.ConclusionThese results raise the possibility that the increase in bone density and loss of cartilage that are characteristic of OA may result from changes in the differentiation profile of the progenitor cells that contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of these tissues.
The relationship of serum infliximab concentrations to clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from ATTRACT, a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: St.Clair E. William , Wagner Carrie L. , Fasanmade Adedigbo A. , Wang Benjamin , Schaible Thomas , Kavanaugh Arthur , Keystone Edward C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum concentrations of infliximab, a monoclonal anti–tumor necrosis factor α antibody, and clinical improvement from infliximab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsMultiple blood samples were obtained from each of 428 subjects with active RA who were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (ATTRACT [Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy]) evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of infliximab therapy. Serum levels of infliximab were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Dose‐response trends were analyzed using generalized logistic regression techniques. Pharmacokinetic modeling was used to predict the serum concentrations of infliximab after simulated infusions using doses and dosing intervals not evaluated in the trial.ResultsAt week 54, 26% of the subjects receiving 3 mg/kg infliximab every 8 weeks had undetectable trough serum levels of infliximab, a significantly greater proportion than in the other 3 treatment groups (P < 0.001). Increased magnitude of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response (measured by the ACR‐N, a continuous measure of clinical improvement derived from the ACR 20% response criteria) and greater reduction from baseline in serum C‐reactive protein level were both associated with higher trough serum concentrations of infliximab (P < 0.001), as was less progression of radiographic joint damage (P = 0.004), providing support for a dose‐response relationship. Pharmacokinetic models predicted that decreasing the dosing interval from 8 weeks to 6 weeks would yield higher trough serum levels of infliximab than increasing the dose by 100 mg.ConclusionThese results suggest that some patients with RA may benefit from infliximab given at higher doses than 3 mg/kg or more frequently than every 8 weeks.
Antifibroblast antibodies from systemic sclerosis patients are internalized by fibroblasts via a caveolin‐linked pathway
Authors: Ronda Nicoletta , Gatti Rita , Giacosa Roberto , Raschi Elena , Testoni Cinzia , Meroni Pier Luigi , Buzio Carlo , Orlandini Guido 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveFibroblast activation is a crucial event in the development of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Antifibroblast autoantibodies (AFAs), detectable in the sera of SSc patients, are able to induce a proinflammatory phenotype on cultured fibroblasts. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of the interaction between AFAs and living fibroblasts.MethodsWe coupled to fluorescein 1) IgG purified from AFA‐positive and AFA‐negative SSc sera (as assessed by cellular enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) and 2) single healthy donor and pooled normal IgG. The interaction of IgG with living cultured fibroblasts from healthy individuals and from a patient with SSc was visualized by real‐time confocal microscopy. Intracellular colocalization of caveolin and internalized AFA‐positive IgG was assessed by immunofluorescence.ResultsAFA‐positive IgG bound to living fibroblasts and was internalized with a cytoplasmic fibrillar pattern, in contrast to AFA‐negative IgG. In the IgG tested, no correlation with antinuclear antibody activity was found. Preincubation of fibroblasts with normal IgG did not affect internalization. Internalized AFA‐positive IgG colocalized with caveolin, and internalization was entirely inhibited by disassembling fibroblast caveolae with filipin.ConclusionThe finding that both normal and pathologic fibroblasts specifically internalized AFA‐positive, but not AFA‐negative, IgG demonstrates that AFAs in SSc patient sera interact with constitutively expressed membrane molecules on fibroblasts, via an Fc‐independent mechanism. The results of colocalization and inhibition experiments suggest that microdomains containing caveolin are involved in the interaction between AFAs and fibroblasts. These data, together with the reported ability of AFAs to activate fibroblasts, provide evidence for a role of AFAs in the pathogenesis of SSc.
C3‐Tat/HIV–regulated intraarticular human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist gene therapy results in efficient inhibition of collagen‐induced arthritis superior to cytomegalovirus‐regulated expression of the same transgene
Authors: Bakker A. C. , van de Loo F. A. J. , Joosten L. A. B. , Arntz O. J. , Varley A. W. , Munford R. S. , van den Berg W. B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo achieve disease‐inducible expression of recombinant antiinflammatory proteins in order to allow autoregulation of drug dose by natural homeostatic mechanisms.MethodsWe compared the inducible 2‐component expression system (C3–human immunodeficiency virus/transactivator of transcription [C3‐Tat/HIV]) with the constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in the polyarticular collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model in mice. DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and were given boosters on day 21. On day 22, mice were injected intraarticularly with the adenoviral vectors AdCMVLuc, AdCMVhIL‐1Ra, AdC3‐Tat/HIV‐Luc, or AdC3‐Tat/HIV‐hIL‐1Ra. The injected knee joints and hind paws were then scored for signs of arthritis, and knee joint histology was compared.ResultsThe CMV‐driven interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) expression resulted in a high constitutive expression and amelioration of CIA. C3‐Tat/HIV–driven IL‐1Ra expression could be detected only on days 24, 29, and 35. Fourteen days after injection of the vectors, CIA was significantly better inhibited by the C3‐Tat/HIV–driven IL‐1Ra expression compared with the CMV‐driven IL‐1Ra expression. Moreover, prevention of CIA in the knee joints also prevented CIA in the untreated hind paws.ConclusionOur data demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of an inducible expression system for local production of IL‐1Ra for treatment of arthritis in the CIA model.
Long‐term outcome in rheumatoid arthritis: A simple algorithm of baseline parameters can predict radiographic damage, disability, and disease course at 12‐year followup
Authors: Drossaers‐Bakker K. W. , Zwinderman A. H. , Vlieland T. P. M. Vliet , Van Zeben D. , Vos K. , Breedveld F. C. , Hazes J. M. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo predict the long‐term outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with respect to radiographic damage, disability, and disease course using baseline variables, and to construct decision trees identifying patients on an individual level at the extremes of the outcome spectrum of these 3 dimensions.MethodsThe 12‐year outcome of 112 female RA patients from a prospective inception cohort was assessed by measuring the tertiles of radiographic damage (measured by the modified Sharp/van der Heijde method, SHS), disability (measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ), and severe disease course as defined by patients with either the 33% highest cumulative disease activity (area under the curve of all observed disease activity scores) or the highest tertile of radiographic damage. Patients in the lowest (mild) and highest tertile (severe) of each outcome measure were identified. All baseline parameters known to be associated with each outcome (demographic and socioeconomic parameters; disease duration; disease activity measures; laboratory measures including rheumatoid factor, HLA typing, percentage agalactosyl IgG, functional and radiographic measures) were entered into cross‐validated stepwise logistic regression models to find the best predictive combination of baseline parameters for each of the outcomes. Using the results of the logistic regression models, simple decision trees were constructed to categorize patients at an individual level in a particular prognostic group.ResultsAfter 12 years, the lowest and highest tertiles were, respectively, 42.3 and 189 for the SHS and 0.37 and 1.25 for the HAQ. Fifty‐five patients had a severe disease course. Mild and severe radiographic damage could be predicted with an accuracy of 90% and 85%, respectively. Mild and severe HAQ could be predicted with an accuracy of 90% and 84%, respectively, and severe disease course with an accuracy of 81%. The baseline variables found to be predictive of all 3 outcome measures were very similar and consisted of combinations of the following baseline parameters: swollen joint count (SJC), Ritchie score, rheumatoid factor (RF), the presence of erosions, and the HAQ score. Additional knowledge of the HLA typing hardly improved the accuracy of the prediction. To predict outcome at the individual level, simple decision trees were constructed using the RF, HAQ, SJC, and presence of erosions at baseline.ConclusionThe present study shows that prediction of outcome in long‐term RA is possible and can be done using widely available baseline parameters.
Development and evaluation of a single value score to assess global range of motion in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Epps Heather , Hurley Mike , Utley Martin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a global range of motion score (GROMS) and to investigate the association between this newly developed measure of joint range of motion and physical function in children with active juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsTwo scales were calculated, 1 measuring 56 selected joints and 1 measuring 10 joints assessed as important to function by experts from the British Paediatric Rheumatology Group. These were measured in 50 patients with JIA whose disability was assessed using the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ).ResultsThe GROMS measuring all joints and the GROMS measuring 10 joints closely agreed with each other, and both GROMS correlated significantly with the CHAQ (r = −0.52 and −0.62, respectively).ConclusionThe 10‐joint GROMS is a simple, easy‐to‐use tool that measures overall change in joint range of motion that affects physical function in JIA.
Short‐term outcomes of acute knee injuries: Does the provider make a difference?
Authors: Amadio Peter C. , Gabriel Sherine E. , Yawn Barbara P. , Harmsen W. Scott , Ilstrup Duane M. , Hill Jeannie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the short‐term outcomes of acute knee injuries treated by specialists and generalists.MethodsUsing patient logs, 168 adults with acute knee injuries were identified; 131 (78%) completed a questionnaire 3 months after initial presentation.ResultsThe mean age of the 77 male and 54 female responders was 34.6 years (range 18–73 years). The injuries were classified as mild (n = 35), moderate (n = 75), or severe (n = 21). Most responders were satisfied with their care and outcome, but 22% noted some functional limitations. The 59 patients seeing an orthopedist were more likely to have had a severe injury, more physician visits, activity limitations, lost time from work or recreation, and more pain when compared with the 72 patients who never saw an orthopedist. Excluding surgical patients, however, satisfaction was not significantly different by provider. After multivariate modeling (adjusting for age, sex, injury severity, and diagnosis), there was no significant association between having seen an orthopedist and either treatment success or satisfaction.ConclusionWith the exception of time lost for recuperation in our community there is little difference in short‐term outcome for patients with acute knee injury not undergoing surgery, regardless of the specialty of the treating physician.
Relevance of Web documents: Ghosts consensus method
Authors: Gorbunov Andrey L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe dominant method currently used to improve the quality of Internet search systems is often called “digital democracy.” Such an approach implies the utilization of the majority opinion of Internet users to determine the most relevant documents: for example, citation index usage for sorting of search results (google.com) or an enrichment of a query with terms that are asked frequently in relation with the query's theme. “Digital democracy” is an effective instrument in many cases, but it has an unavoidable shortcoming, which is a matter of principle: the average intellectual and cultural level of Internet users is very low—everyone knows what kind of information is dominant in Internet query statistics. Therefore, when one searches the Internet by means of “digital democracy” systems, one gets answers that reflect an underlying assumption that the user's mind potential is very low, and that his cultural interests are not demanding. Thus, it is more correct to use the term “digital ochlocracy” to refer to Internet search systems with “digital democracy.” Based on the well‐known mathematical mechanism of linear programming, we propose a method to solve the indicated problem.
Is epinephrine administration by sublingual tablet feasible for the first‐aid treatment of anaphylaxis? A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Gu Xiaochen , Simons Keith J. , Simons F. Estelle R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurpose: In order to explore the feasibility of sublingual administration of epinephrine tablets as a non‐invasive first‐aid treatment for anaphylaxis, we studied epinephrine absorption from this dosage form in an animal model. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, four‐way crossover study, six rabbits received epinephrine 2.5 or 10 mg as a sublingual tablet, epinephrine 0.03 mg (0.3 ml) by intramuscular (IM) injection (positive control), and 0.9% NaCl (0.3 ml) IM (negative control). Pre‐ and post‐dose blood samples were obtained for measurement of plasma epinephrine concentrations by HPLC‐EC. Results: After administration of epinephrine 2.5 mg as a sublingual tablet, the mean (±SEM) Cmax was 2369±392 pg/ml, and the tmax was 20.8±5.7 min. After administration of epinephrine 10 mg sublingually, the Cmax was 10836±2234 pg/ml, and the tmax was 21.7±5.4 min. After IM epinephrine, the Cmax was 6445±4233 pg/ml, and the tmax was 15.8±4.7 min. After IM 0.9% NaCl, the Cmax (endogenous epinephrine) was 518±142 pg/ml. The tmax after both of the sublingual epinephrine tablet doses did not differ significantly from the tmax after IM epinephrine, and the Cmax after the 10 mg sublingual epinephrine tablet dose did not differ significantly from the Cmax after IM epinephrine. Conclusions: In this proof‐of‐concept study, administration of epinephrine as a sublingual tablet formulation resulted in rapid achievement of peak plasma epinephrine concentrations. Absorption studies in humans are needed.Definitions: HPLC—high performance liquid chromatography; EC — electrochemical detection; Cmax — maximum plasma epinephrine concentration after dosing; tmax — time of maximum plasma epinephrine concentration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.