bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of interactive multimedia for Arabic vocabulary learning through Android applications
Authors: Robi'ah Siti , Shodiq Muhammad Jafar , Tukimin Tukimin , Astuti Henni 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to develop Android -based interactive multimedia in learning Arabic vocabulary so that students can use it as an independent learning resource that can be accessed anytime and anywhere and can be used by teachers to deliver Arabic vocabulary material effectively and efficiently. This research uses research and development methods, with ADDIE development model. The result of this research is to produce Android-based Arabic vocabulary learning media products developed with construct 2 software containing Arabic language learning for classes V MIN 2 South Lampung and V MI Ma'arif Nu South Lampung. To test the feasibility of Android-based interactive multimedia by validating products made to a team of experts and obtained an average percentage score of 80.56% by media experts, 83.89% by material experts. Then the product attractiveness test was assessed by students and obtained an assessment of 90.72% with the criteria of "very feasible". So the update that researchers made with previous researchers is a product packaged in the form of an Android-based interactive multimedia application in learning Arabic vocabulary so that students can learn it anywhere and anytime, both independently and in class.
Awareness and application of infection control recommendations in the private practice of Iraqi dentists
Authors: Alsheekhly Bassam , El-Samarrai Sulafa , Adil Rehab 
Published: January 2024

Infection control rules are extremely important in dental office because dangerous infections can be passed on to the dental health workers or the patient during treatment, the aim of this study was to assess the awareness and knowledge of a group of Iraqi dentists regarding application of infection control rules in their private practice , data was collected by an interview with the study group (35 dentists) to fill a questionnaire. Results showed that many of the infection control measures were inadequately applied, leading to a conclusion that training in both educational and practical fields is required to improve the knowledge related to infection control measures.
Effects of air abrasive polishing on chromium ion release from different metal self-ligating orthodontic brackets
Authors: Majid Hameed Husam , Hussein Al-Groosh Dheaa 
Published: January 2024

Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances compromises the oral hygiene and increases the risk of plaque related disorders and dental staining in addition to corrosion and corrosion byproduct: ions. The aims this study was assessment the effects of air polishing on Chromium ion (Cr) release from stainless steel self-ligating brackets.
one hundred and sixty self-ligating stainless-steel brackets of four brands Damon® Q™ (Damon® Q™, Ormco, Orange, CA, USA), Discovery® SL 2.0 (Dentaraum, Ispringen, Germany), Leone® F1000 (SLB; F1000, Leone SpA, Sesto Florentino, Florentino, Italy) and Lotus Plus® (Lotus plus, Orthotechnology co., Brazil) were exposed to different time of air abrasion polishing (0, 5, 10, 20 seconds) then immersed in artificial saliva with pH value 6.75 and incubated at 37°C for 28 days. Cr ion release was assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 7, 14 and 28 days and accumulative effect was calculated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to assess the surface changes and microtopography after polishing for randomly selected sample. Analysis of variance test (ANOVA), and Tukey’s (HSD) test were used to identify the significant difference among the studied groups where the level of significance set as P ≤ 0.05.
The results revealed that all brands showed significant increase in Cr ion release concomitant with an increase in the polishing time. Damon® Q™ show the greatest amount of Cr ion release
Conclusion: The air polishing procedure enhanced the amount of Cr ion release to a subtoxic level and could be used in adult patients using 5 sec. recommended time of polishing with prolonged intervals between the visits.
Assessment of interleukin -10 and interferon-gamma with oral squamous cell carcinoma patients compared with healthy subjects as a prediction for early detection and monitor treatment response
Authors: Jamal Abbas Maha , Aftan Al- Rawi Nadia , I. Al-Duboni Ghada 
Published: January 2024

Background: In the worldwide oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered to be one of the most deadly diseases, due to it is late in diagnosis and absence of availability of established reliable biomarkers. The aim of current study was designed to detect cytokines in saliva of patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma and compared their levels with the healthy subjects and evaluate their validity as diagnosis and investigated changes of cytokines level in saliva pre-and post- surgical treatment to provide knowledge for exploring the use of saliva to monitor treatment response.
Material and method: whole unstimulated saliva was collected from each individual (25 OSCC patients Pre- and post- surgical removal of tumor and 25 healthy individuals matching with age and gender as control group. saliva was evaluated both cytokines IL 10 and interferon gamma by ELISA.
Result: IL-10 level is increased significantly in group of OSCC patients compared to healthy subjects (control group). Ten days after surgical removal of tumor, salivary level IL10 was decreased significantly in comparison to its level pre-operation. In OSCC patients salivary level interferon gamma was decreased significantly than its level in healthy subjects, ten days after surgical removal of tumor salivary level interferon gamma was increased significantly in group of OSCC patients in comparison to their level before surgical removal of tumor.
Conclusion: salivary levels of both cytokines IL-10, and interferon gamma could prove to be potential biomarkers of OSCC.
Evaluate the effect of the metranidazole gel on healing of partial thickness flap in rats (serum TNF-a)
Authors: Ahmed Saleh Ziwar 
Published: January 2024

Background: Metronidazole is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against protozoan infections and anaerobic bacteria. In the late 1950s, Metronidazole was first introduced for the treatment of trichomoniasis. At present, the antimicrobial metronidazole is one of the most widely used as antibacterial compounds in the treatment of periodontal disease 9. Beside the periodontal pocket debridement (subgingival scaling and curettage), topical application of metronidazole seems to be very efficacious. Metronidazole efficiently inhibited anaerobic microorganisms in the periodontal pockets 10.
Objective: Evaluating the effect of metronidazole gel into surgically healing process of the partial thickness flap, throughout immunological study and comparing it with the chlorhexidine gel
Animals and methods: The present study was carried out in Hawler Medical University, Medical research center, College of Dentistry
Chemicals and Reagents:- (Rat TNF-a ELISA) kit for estimation of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a), KOMA BIOTECH INC. USA)
Effect of Zirconia Surface Treatments on The Shear Bond Strength of Veneering Porcelain
Authors: Qusai Abdul-Hadi Ruaa , Nazar Alwahab Zahraa 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of surface treatments of zirconia (sandblast with 50µm Al2O3, 0.01M NaOH) on the shear bond strength between zirconia substructure and veneering porcelain.
Materials and methods: Twenty-one (21) disk shape zirconia specimens were prepared with dimensions of (10mm) in diameter and (1mm) in height and sintered according to manufacturer instruction. Specimens were divided into three groups (n=7) according to surface treatment method; control group (C), sandblast with 50µm Al2O3 (SB), and sodium hydroxide (Na). Porcelain veneer (IPS-emax ceram, vita Germany) was applied on the zirconia specimens (5mm in diameter and 3mm in height) and fired according to manufacturer instruction. All specimens were then evaluated for shear - bond strength in a universal testing machine at 1mm/min cross head speed. The shear - bond strength value was then statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and LSD.
Results: The result of the present study showed that 0.01M NaOH has significantly effect on the shear bond strength between zirconia and porcelain than sandblast with 50µm Al2O3.
Conclusion: Sandblast with 50µm Al2O3 had no effect on the shear bond strength between zirconia substructure and veneering porcelain whereas 0.01M NaOH reduced the shear bond strength between them.
Effect of Diazonium Salt and Aluminum Oxide on Microleakage of PMMA at Co/Cr and Titanium Alloys Interface
Authors: Abdullah Hasson Emad , Abdul Rassol Jaber Makarem , Ezzat Abdulmaged Alaa 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: The junction between metal alloy and acrylic resin is an area of clinical concern, failure of removable partial denture may relate to this interface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments (diazonium salt and aluminum oxide) on microleakage of heat cure acrylic resin at the Co/Cr and titanium alloys interface.
Materials and method: Sixty rectangular-shaped specimens divided into 2 main groups, 30 specimens for Co/Cr alloy and 30 specimens for titanium alloy, then subdivided into 3 groups each one consist of 10 specimens, according to the type of surface treatments. Aluminum oxide group abraded with (Al2O3) ll0 μm and diazonium salt group treated based on two steps, first step (primer) and second step (adhesive). Chemical composition of diazonium salt surface treatment was analyze with (FTIR). All specimens thermocycled in artificial saliva (3000 cycles) after clear heat cured acrylic resin application, then immersed in sodium fluorescein dye solution (0.1 g/1000mL) for 24 hours at room temperature. Microleakage was assessed by counting the grids that exhibited dye penetration under ultraviolet light. Data analyzed via One-way ANOVA and LSD test.
Results: Microleakage test showed a significant decrease in mean value between PMMA and treated Co/Cr or titanium with diazonium salt by 1.90 and 2.00 respectively (p<0.01). Aluminum oxide surface treatment revealed decrease in the microleakage test mean value between PMMA and treated Co/Cr or titanium by 3.55 and 3.70 respectively (p<0.01). The FTIR analyze showed functional groups of diazonium salt on surfaces for both Co/Cr and titanium.
Conclusion: Diazonium salt surface treatments for Co/Cr and titanium alloy showed a significant improvement in bonding strength in comparison to aluminum oxide surface treatment.
Topical Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Preventing and Arresting Root Caries in Elderly Patients.
Authors: Abdulelah Abdulrahmn Almallah Lubna 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: The purpose of the present investigation was to see how efficient silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution treatment to prevent dental root caries.
Materials and method: This research was done at Iraq's geriatric facilities. Forty seniors with active caries lesions were fortuitously assigned into two groups: Group 1 (placebo control)—doubles Twice-Annual treatment with soda water; Group 2—Doubles Twice-Annual treatment with silver diamine fluoride solution.
Results: After 18 months, the arrest rates of root caries were 28 percent in group1 (control) and 88 percent group 2 silver diamine fluoride solutions (x2 test, p < 0.05). There was a considerable relation (dependent) between silver diamine fluoride and stopping root surface dental caries Chi=7.08, df=2, P<0.05, which means that silver diamine fluoride was efficient in stopping dental caries while there was no relation (independent) between placebo dye and arresting caries, Chi=1.33 df=2 P>0.05.
Conclusions: Silver diamine fluoride solution was helpful in avoiding root caries in elderly people who do not have access to fluoridated water.
Identification of mature and immature (osteoid production) in ossifying fibroma by Tetrachromic verdeluz orange G-acid fuchsin (VOF) stain versus hematoxylin and eosin stain
Authors: M.Tater Jawaher , Ryhan Diajil Ameena 
Published: January 2024

Aim of Study: Identification of mature and immature (osteoid production) in ossifying fibroma using histochemical study by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and tetrachromic verdeluz orange G-acid fuchsin (VOF) stains.
Materials and Methods: Forty five tissue sections divided into three groups made up the study's data. Twenty portions from the archives, which made up Group 1, exhibited ossifying fibroma, group 2 comprised fifteen psammatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma sections and group 3 comprised ten section of trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma. Each block was divided into two 5 m sections, with one section stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and the other with the tetrachromic Verde Luz-orange G-acid fuchsin (VOF). Histomorphometric examination of tissues is based on quantitative measurements of microscopic osteoid production and has been used to provide information on tissue pathology in these lesions
Results: The results showed female predominance in OF cases comprising (70.0%).Whereas male predominance found in psammatoid and trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma comprising (60.0%), (70.0%) respectively .Ossifying fibroma and juvenile ossifying fibroma were distributed between the maxilla and mandible in the following ways: (65.0%) of OF were in the mandible, (73.3%) of PsJOF were in the maxilla, and (60.0%) of TrJOF were in the mandible. By using ANOVA test however the result non-significant OF show high mean value OF osteoid followed by PsJOF then TrJOF in conventional H&E while in VOF stains PsJOF showed high mean value followed by OF and finally TrJOF. Using paired t-test H&E showed a high mean values of osteoid in OF, TrJOF and PsJOF, compared to VOF stain, however statistically non-significant compared mean value of osteoid between H&E stain and VOF in TrJOF there was a border line significant (0.055).
Conclusion: Our awareness of these lesions and our ability to distinguish and identify them is improved by a study of the histological characteristics of ossifying fibroma and its subtype. H&E staining necessitates numerous steps, whereas VOF only needs one step.
Evaluation of CPoint obturation system for voids & gaps using digital microscope
Authors: Layth Almuderis Ace , Abud Rahim  Al-Gharrawi Hikmet 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of CPoint obturation system by calculating the percentage of surface area of voids and gaps in different levels in comparison with Guttapercha point/GuttaFlow 2 and Guttacore/Endofill.
Method: Sixty palatal roots of extracted upper first molars were prepared and divided into three groups of 20 samples each, the first group was obturated with CPoint/BC sealer, the second one was obturated with Guttapercha point/ GuttaFlow2 and the third was obturated with GuttaCore/Endofil. Each root sectioned into four sections at 8 mm, 6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm levels from the W.L and transferred to be photographed under digital microscope, the canal cross sectional area, and the area of voids and gaps were measured then surface area percentages of unfilled areas were calculated. Data then analyzed statistically using ANOVA and LSD tests.
Results: Higher percentages of unfilled areas were observed in Group1 (p < 0.01) in comparison to Group2 and Group3 except with S2 of Group3 (p > 0.05). And there was no significant difference between Group2 and Group3 except at S2. The results of comparison among different

sections within each group showed that there is a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) between S2and (S8, S6, S4) within Group 1, in Group 2 the results showed that there is a highly significant difference between S8 and the other sections, and also showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between S2 and (S4, S6).
Within Group 3 the results revealed significant difference between the (S4, S6) and the (S8, S2) sections.
Conclusion: All systems showed voids and gaps and CPoint obturation system showed the highest percentage of unfilled areas and level of root section had an effect on voids and gaps distribution.
Digital Techniques for Construction of Maxillofacial Prosthesis
Authors: Hussein Abdulsattar Marwah , ABDULBASIT TURKI SARA 
Published: January 2024

Physiological flaws that impair appearances or functioning and prohibit a person from having a functional life often lead to the person seeking therapy that will restore an adequate standard of normality. The eye had been referred to several writers throughout history as the most priceless of endowments. It brings the whole outside world into our awareness that provides the deal with life, character, or respect. Consequently, the disappearance of an eye has traditionally been thought of as the ultimate sorrow as well as calls for prompt restoration so that the sufferer might resume living normally. Ocular prostheses use artificial material to simulate biological structure to provide the appearance of such a completely functional, regular eye as well as its surrounding structures. The precise replica of color, shape, or size is thus highly stressed in order to just provide people reality or harmony.
The custom-made acrylics ophthalmic prosthetic or the implantation-maintained system are available as treatments. A bespoke ocular prosthetic is used because it offers the advantages of tight tissues interface adaptability with optimal convenience. This review outlines a more straightforward method for creating personalized ophthalmic prostheses.
Usefulness of Achillea Milefolium as healing topical agent in treating thermal burn (histological comparative study in Westar rats)
Authors: Abood Kanber Ammar , Fadhil Kadhim Enas , Hameed Neamah Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Background: Wound can be defined as any disruption or any damage in tissue or anatomical function or structure. Achillea Milefolium extract has medicinal benefits for tissues, including the ability to repair wounds and act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
Aim of the study: The purpose of the study was to determine how Achillea Milefolium affected the healing of burn wounds.
Material and Methods: Twenty male rats had their right and left cheeks burned (aged around two months with average weight about 300 to 350 g). Rats with burned skin were assigned randomly into two equal groups. Achillea milefolium solution was applied locally to the burned areas on the right side once daily (experimental group), while the left part left without any kind of treatment as control group. Five rats from each group were euthanized after five and ten days, and tissue samples were taken from the burnt areas that had been injured for histological analysis.
Results: In comparison to the control group, rats given Achillea milefolium treatment had faster wound healing, according to histopathological analysis. Re-epithelialization, closure of the wound, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were signs that the wound was healing.
Conclusions: Application of Achillea milefolium solution locally promotes healing of burn wounds.
Shear bond strength of composite resin to biodentine after different surface treatment
Authors: S. Rahawi Omar , B. Ahmed Manaf , Salim Alchalabi Ashraf 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: The study's objective was to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) between composite and Biodentine after applying various treatments of the surface for the roughness of the latter material.
Materials and Methods: Four groups of forty Biodentine samples were created by mixing the material according to the manufacturer's instructions and inserting it into plastic cylinders that were 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height, respectively. Group (1) was the control group without surface roughness of samples, Group (2) roughness treatment of the surface with thirty-seven percent of orthophosphoric acid, Group (3) roughness treatment of the surface by abrasion method with air by using aluminum oxide (Al203) elements, and Group (4) roughness treatment of the surface with 9% hydrofluoric acid. Over the samples of groups (2, 3, and 4), a universal adhesive bonding agent was applied, curing the bond. Each sample was covered by fresh cylinders that measured 3 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height, respectively. A composite was then added in two layers, with 3 mm between each layer, and light-cured. After cutting and removing the plastic cylinders to acquire the two materials bound together as one block,
a universal testing machine was used to evaluate the failure load between Biodentine and composite for all samples. Data analysis using the Duncan multiple range test and One-Way ANOVA.
Results: SBS (Shear Bond Strength) between groups was found to differ significantly (P≤0.05). Except for Gp(2) and Gp(3), which revealed no significant difference between the two groups, the largest and lowest SBS were related to Groups (2) and (1), respectively.
Assessment of Salivary TNF-α Level in Patients with Different Severities of Periodontitis
Authors: M Alwan Zahraa , N Mohammed Ayser 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: To assess the salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with different severities (stages I-IV) of periodontitis in comparison to healthy control.
Materials and methods: 171 individuals both men and women were inducted into this study. There were five groups established for them: clinically healthy periodontium control group (19 subjects), Stage I periodontitis (38 subjects), Stage II periodontitis group (38 subjects), Stage III periodontitis (38 subjects), and, Stage IV (38 subjects). The clinical periodontal parameters were examined after collecting whole unstimulated salivary samples from all individuals. TNF-α levels in saliva samples were estimated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Results: The results revealed the mean level of salivary TNF-α was the highest in the stage IV periodontitis group (200.634±50.232), followed by stage III periodontitis group (159.315±36.473), then stage II periodontitis group (128.054±32.651), then stage I (102.798±21.685), and then the control group (51.454±10.446) in which their salivary levels were the lowest with significant differences among the groups (p< 0.01).
Conclusion: it may be suggested that TNF-α is related to periodontitis. Also, their salivary levels may have diagnostic potential.
The Effects of Curcumin Gel Against Tannerella Forsythia (Clinical and Microbiological study)
Authors: A. Al-Hassan Shahad , Sh. Mahmood Maha 
Published: January 2024

Aim of the study: To determine the effects of curcumin gel on Tannerella forsythia.
Materials and methods: Eleven individuals were chosen with probing pocket depths of more than or equal to 5 mm. Scaling and root planing (SRP) were done on entire mouth, then curcumin and placebo gel were applied. At baseline and third visit (after one month), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and relative attachment levels (RAL) were measured with a collection of subgingival plaque. The real-time polymerase chain reaction method has been used for bacterial analysis.
Results: There was a substantial lessening in the bacterial outcomes, PPD and RAL when comparing the curcumin with the placebo group, while the difference was not significant with respect to BOP. On intra-group comparison, only the test group showed a significant decrease in bacterial count, BOP, and RAL, while both groups showed a significant reduction in PPD.
Conclusion: Curcumin gel has an antimicrobial impact on T.Forsythia and a significant effect on improving BOP, PPD, and RAL.