bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Calculation of London‐van der Waals Adhesion Force Distributions for Different Superquadric Shaped Particles
Authors: Sonnenberg Jost‐Peter , Schmidt Eberhard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe macroscopic behavior of dry submicron particle systems, for example the flowability, the agglomeration behavior and the dispersing properties, is influenced decisively by the London‐van der Waals dispersion force. Knowledge of expectable interparticular dispersion forces could be useful to characterize applications in practice, regarding e.g. process parameters, product quality, environmental and industrial safety. In this paper a basic method for forecasting interparticular dispersion forces is introduced. One method to obtain information about the dispersion forces is to start by analyzing a single particle of a given shape in a certain system, and consider the particle‐wall system for which the dispersion force distribution is calculated. The distribution describes the resulting calculated adhesive forces when pairing the particle with a semi‐infinite wall surface in all of the possible positions, assuming a constant surface distance is maintained. Additionally, it is shown that the knowledge of the particle projection screen shape in many cases is sufficient to calculate the force distribution for the associated 3D particle. Thereby, calculation of the dispersion forces for moderate sized (radius < 30 nm) two‐ and three‐dimensional particles represents no great difficulty, but rather the challenge is the allocation of the 2D to the 3D data. The aim is to reduce the time and effort spent on calculation in order to establish a basis for later dispersion force calculations of bigger particles and particle collectives.
The Wall Stresses and Insert Load in a Two‐Dimensional Flat‐bottomed Bin with an Equilateral Triangle Insert
Authors: Chou Chuen‐Shii , Tseng Chun‐Yuan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe wall stresses and insert load in a two‐dimensional flat‐bottomed bin with a flow corrective insert were investigated. The static wall stress distributions produced by the granular solids were measured and compared with the theoretical prediction using the differential slice method. The variations in the dynamic wall stresses and the dynamic response of the insert load with time were obtained. The comparison of the experimental insert load to the theoretical prediction was demonstrated. In addition, the effect of the flow corrective insert upon the wall stress and insert load was investigated. As the insert half‐angle increases, the effect of disrupting the contact force network above the insert decreases, and the insert load produced by the granular solids increases. Employing the results obtained using stress measurements, the pulsation phenomena of wall stress and insert load in a bin with a triangle flow corrective insert may be further understood.
Expansions in Free Space of Arbitrary Quantum Wavepackets, Quantum Laser Beams, and Gaussian Quantum (On‐axis and Off‐axis) Laser Beams in Terms of Free Spherical Waves
Authors: Gouesbet Gérard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElectromagnetic generalized Lorenz‐Mie Theory (GLMT) describes the interaction between an arbitrary shaped electromagnetic laser beam and a homogeneous sphere, with an isotropic and linear material. We are interested in the study of analogies and differences between the electromagnetic GLMT and a quantum GLMT, and to their exploitation. To build a quantum GLMT, a prerequisite is the description of the incident quantum state in terms of spherical partial waves. In this framework, this paper deals with the expansions in free space of arbitrary quantum wave packets, quantum laser beams, and quantum Gaussian (on‐axis and off‐axis) laser beams in terms of free spherical waves.
Shape and Size Determination by Laser Diffraction: Average Aspect Ratio and Size Distributions by Volume; Feasibility of Data Analysis by Neural Networks
Authors: Deriemaeker Luc , Finsy Robert 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new strategy for the recovery of the average shape factor and the volume weighted size distribution from laser diffraction data using neural networks is presented. The method yields reliable estimates for both the shape factor and the volume weighted size distribution.
Statistical and molecular dynamics studies of buried waters in globular proteins
Authors: Park Sheldon , Saven Jeffery G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBuried solvent molecules are common in the core of globular proteins and contribute to structural stability. Folding necessitates the burial of polar backbone atoms in the protein core, whose hydrogen‐bonding capacities should be satisfied on average. Whereas the residues in α‐helices and β‐sheets form systematic main‐chain hydrogen bonds, the residues in turns, coils and loops often contain polar atoms that fail to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The statistical analysis of 842 high resolution protein structures shows that well‐resolved, internal water molecules preferentially reside near residues without α‐helical and β‐sheet secondary structures. These buried waters most often form primary hydrogen bonds to main‐chain atoms not involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, providing strong evidence that hydrating main‐chain atoms is a key structural role of buried water molecules. Additionally, the average B‐factor of protein atoms hydrogen‐bonded to waters is smaller than that of protein atoms forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and the average B‐factor of water molecules involved in primary hydrogen bonds with main‐chain atoms is smaller than the average B‐factor of water molecules involved in secondary hydrogen bonds to protein atoms that form concurrent intramolecular hydrogen bonds. To study the structural coupling between internal waters and buried polar atoms in detail we simulated the dynamics of wild‐type FKBP12, in which a buried water, Wat137, forms one side‐chain and multiple main‐chain hydrogen bonds. We mutated E60, whose side‐chain hydrogen bonds with Wat137, to Q, N, S or A, to modulate the multiplicity and geometry of hydrogen bonds to the water. Mutating E60 to a residue that is unable to form a hydrogen bond with Wat137 results in reorientation of the water molecule and leads to a structural readjustment of residues that are both near and distant to the water. We predict that the E60A mutation will result in a significantly reduced affinity of FKBP12 for its ligand FK506. The propensity of internal waters to hydrogen bond to buried polar atoms suggests that ordered water molecules may constitute fundamental structural components of proteins, particularly in regions where α‐helical or β‐sheet secondary structure is not present. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of maize mucilage on atrazine mineralization and atzC abundance
Authors: López‐Gutiérrez Juan C , Philippot Laurent , Martin‐Laurent Fabrice 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSoil was amended with maize mucilage, a major rhizodeposit, to study its role on the number of culturable soil micro‐organisms, the structure of the bacterial community, atrazine mineralization and atzC abundance. The maximal percentage of atrazine mineralization was lower for mucilage‐amended than for water‐amended soil. Total culturable soil bacteria and 16S rDNA copy number, measured by RT‐PCR, presented similar values and were not significantly (P < 0.05) different among treatments. Mucilage applied at a rate of 70 µg C g−1 dry soil day−1 over two weeks did not modify the abundance of the total soil microflora. Global structure of soil bacterial communities revealed by RISA analysis was not modified by maize mucilage amendment. Abundance of atzC sequence was only augmented by mucilage addition at the beginning of the experiment. However, this increase was not sustainable in time, as atzC copy number increased in water‐amended soil which, in turn, corresponded with the higher percentage of atrazine mineralization observed in this soil. Maize mucilage amendment alone contributed only to minor changes in the atrazine‐degrading community in the studied soil. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Parametric amplification and polariton liquids in semiconductor microcavities
Authors: Baumberg Jeremy J. , Lagoudakis Pavlos G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParametric amplification in semiconductor microcavities provides an example in which nonlinear optical interactions produced by the exchange interaction of excitons become so large that multiple scattering of polaritons becomes important. Here we review time‐resolved observations of the polariton interactions in a number of different geometries including pumping at either the magic angle, or the bottom of the polariton trap. Situations in which the polariton dispersion is multiply occupied by large populations give rise to k‐dependent energy shifts, modifying the dispersion dynamically, a situation we term the strongly‐interacting ‘polariton liquid’. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Safe sites for establishment of Nymphoides peltata seedlings for recovering the population from the soil seed bank
Authors: Takagawa Shinichi , Nishihiro Jun , Washitani Izumi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe population of the endangered plant species Nymphoides peltata in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan, has been declining drastically recently, and seedlings that emerge from the remaining soil seed bank have entirely failed to establish. The decline has followed artificial control of the water level in the lake. To examine the environmental requirements at the seedling establishment stage, we investigated the survival and growth of emerged seedlings at various microsites on the lakeshore by manipulating environmental conditions such as exposure to waves, inundation, and light availability so as to include the conditions of the presumed safe sites. Seedling survival at the early stage was affected most by environmental variables relating to the susceptibility to inundation. Survival until seedling establishment was profoundly affected by light availability as well as by susceptibility to inundation. In all, 136 genets were established in quadrats less prone to inundation and with sufficient light availability, which is consistent with the presumed safe‐site characteristics of the original water regime: bare ground exposed during the spring water‐level drawdown. Recovering the original water regime with seasonal drawdown will be indispensable for recovering a self‐sustainable population. However, as first‐aid measures, active restoration efforts through adaptive management using the remnant soil seed bank are urgently needed before the soil seed bank becomes exhausted.
Molecular cloning, expression profile and functional implications of clusterin in the pituitary gland of helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)
Authors: Claudius Luziga , Yoshimi Yamamoto , Yoichiro Horii , Rudovick Kazwala , Koichi Mamba 
Published: June 2005

AbstractClusterin is shown to contain putative amphipathic α‐helices that mediate hydrophobic interactions with numerous types of molecules and may be involved in clearance of cellular debris caused by cell injury or death. To assess this function in vivo, we have cloned the full‐length cDNA encoding guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) clusterin and studied its synthesis and expression pattern in specific cell types in pituitary. Quantity of clusterin mRNA expressed in pituitary and endocrine tissues was quantified by real‐time PCR. Highest levels were detected in gonads. In situ hybridization showed clusterin mRNA in endocrine cells and folliculostellate cells. Clusterin protein detected by immunohistochemistry was observed in endocrine cells, folliculostellate cells and in colloid. The expression pattern suggests that clusterin is produced by endocrine cells for cytoprotection. Degenerating endocrine cells are phagocytosed by folliculostellate cells and digested by their lysosomal enzymes. In folliculostellate cells clusterin interacts and aggregates with by‐products of digestion that subsequently become stored in colloid.
Chemopreventive activities of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) against breast cancer
Authors: Amin Amr , Alkaabi Aysha , Al‐Falasi Shamaa , Daoud Sayel A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional therapies cause serious side effects and, at best, merely extend the patient's lifespan by a few years. Cancer control may therefore benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. There is thus an increasing demand to utilize alternative concepts or approaches to the prevention of cancer. In this report, we show a potential protective effect of Fenugreek seeds against 7,12‐dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced breast cancer in rats. At 200 mg/kg b.wt., Fenugreek seeds' extract significantly inhibited the DMBA‐induced mammary hyperplasia and decreased its incidence. Epidemiological studies also implicate apoptosis as a mechanism that might mediate the Fenugreek's anti‐breast cancer protective effects. To our knowledge, this is the first study that suggests significant chemopreventive effects of Fenugreek seeds against breast cancer.
Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Their Holistic Consequences—What Different Care Actions can be Implemented?
Authors: Broström Anders , Johansson Peter 
Published: June 2005

Background: Sleep disturbances are prevalent among elderly, especially among those with chronic heart failure (CHF) and can affect all dimensions of quality of life (QOL) negatively. Aim: To describe the most common causes leading to sleep disturbances in patients with CHF, their consequences from a holistic perspective and different care actions that can be implemented. Methods: MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched from 1989 to July 2004. Findings: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), and insomnia were the most common causes for sleep disturbances and occurs in 45–82% (SDB) and one-third (insomnia) of all patients with CHF. SDB cause a disturbed sleep structure with frequent awakenings, as well as several adverse effects on the cardiovascular system causing increased morbidity and mortality. Insomnia, caused by anxiety, an unknown life situation in relation to the debut of CHF, or symptoms/deteriorations of CHF can lead to negative effects on all aspects of QOL, as well as daytime sleepiness. Conclusion: The high prevalence of sleep disturbances and their holistic consequences should be taken into account when nurses asses and plan the care for patients with CHF. Randomized studies with large sample sizes evaluating non-pharmacological nursing interventions that improve sleep are needed.
Factors Related to Nonadherence to Low Sodium Diet Recommendations in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Bentley Brooke , De Jong Marla J. , Moser Debra K. , Peden Ann R. 
Published: June 2005

Background: A low sodium diet is a cornerstone of nonpharmacologic therapy for heart failure patients. Although nonadherence is common, little is known about why heart failure patients fail to adhere to this diet. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of heart failure patients in following a low sodium diet. Methods and results: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study with a convenience sample of 20 participants. Interviews were conducted and analyzed for themes. The data reflected three primary themes about nonadherence to the low sodium diet: lack of knowledge, interference with socialization, and lack of food selections. Participants expressed a need for details about low sodium food selection, food preparation, and rationale for the diet. Lack of knowledge also was manifested as diet confusion for participants who required additional dietary restrictions. Interference with socialization was manifested by patients' experiences with family conflict when family members ate high-sodium foods and difficulty eating out. The theme of lack of low sodium food selections was reflected by comments about limited food choices, and lack of palatability. Conclusion: Researchers and clinicians need to consider patients' perceptions as they generate and evaluate interventions to increase adherence to a low sodium diet.
An outbreak ofCryptosporidium hominisinfection at an Illinois recreational waterpark
Authors: CAUSER L. M. , HANDZEL T. , WELCH P. , CARR M. , CULP D. , LUCHT R. , MUDAHAR K. , ROBINSON D. , NEAVEAR E. , FENTON S. , ROSE C. , CRAIG L. , ARROWOOD M. , WAHLQUIST S. , XIAO L. , LEE Y.-M. , MIREL L. , LEVY D. , BEACH M. J. , POQUETTE G. , DWORKIN M. S. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYCryptosporidiumhas become increasingly recognized as a pathogen responsible for outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. In August 2001, an Illinois hospital reported a cryptosporidiosis cluster potentially linked to a local waterpark. There were 358 case-patients identified. We conducted community-based and waterpark-based case-control studies to examine potential sources of the outbreak. We collected stool specimens from ill persons and pool water samples for microscopy and molecular analysis. Laboratory-confirmed case-patients (n=77) were more likely to have attended the waterpark [odds ratio (OR) 16·0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·8–66·8], had pool water in the mouth (OR 6·0, 95% CI 1·3–26·8), and swallowed pool water (OR 4·5, 95% CI 1·5–13·3) than age-matched controls.Cryptosporidiumwas found in stool specimens and pool water samples. The chlorine resistance of oocysts, frequent swimming exposures, high bather densities, heavy usage by diaper-aged children, and increased recognition and reporting of outbreaks are likely to have contributed to the increasing trend in number of swimming pool-associated outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis. Recommendations for disease prevention include alteration of pool design to separate toddler pool filtration systems from other pools. Implementation of education programmes could reduce the risk of faecal contamination and disease transmission.
Measles virus-specific antibody levels in Sudanese infants: a prospective study using filter-paper blood samples
Authors: IBRAHIM S. A. , ABDALLAH A. , SALEH E. A. , OSTERHAUS A. D. M. E. , DE SWART R. L. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYWe conducted a prospective birth cohort study in rural Sudan to assess measles virus (MV)-specific antibody levels at different time points in infancy. Dried blood spots were collected on filter paper at birth (cord blood) and at ages 6, 12 and 24 months (heel-prick). Maternally derived MV-specific antibody levels were high in cord blood samples, but at the age of 6 months had dropped below cut-off values in half of the infants. By extrapolation it was concluded that the current Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) target age for measles vaccination of 9 months was an appropriate choice for this area. At the age of 24 months acquired MV-specific antibodies were detected in 65–85% of the cohort, which corresponded well with the 79% of infants reported to be vaccinated by this age. This study demonstrates the usefulness of filter paper blood samples for seroepidemiological studies in developing countries.
‘A tale of two cities’: the memory of Ferrol, between the Navy and the working class
Authors: CARDESÍN JOSÉ MARÍA 
Published: June 2005

The city of Ferrol was designed ‘ex-novo’ by military engineers to serve the Spanish monarchy and to house its naval base and dockyards. The principles of stratification on which society was based, and the need to defend the city from enemy attacks and to discipline workers led to a spatial plan that segregated the Navy officers and the working classes. In the nineteenth century, the naval base and the enclave economy of Ferrol became obsolete. Furthermore, the new political culture of the nation state and liberal democracy complicated further the task of controlling the working class. The Spanish Civil War allowed for the updating of Ferrol's spatial plan thanks to the identification of a single enemy both inside and outside: the political repression of the working-class became a major issue in the victory against the II República. The Franco regime meant the return of a segregated and militarized Ferrol, whereas in the 1980s, European integration and the transition to democracy made this model obsolete.It was clearer than crystal to the lords of the State preserves of loaves and fishes, that things in general were settled for ever.
Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two CitiesBecause I do it with a little ship only, I am called a thief; you, doing it with a great navy, are called an emperor.
Augustinus, De Civitate Dei
PROVAT: a tool for Voronoi tessellation analysis of protein structures and complexes
Authors: Gore Swanand P. , Burke David F. , Blundell Tom L. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Summary: Voronoi tessellation has proved to be a useful tool in protein structure analysis. We have developed PROVAT, a versatile public domain software that enables computation and visualization of Voronoi tessellations of proteins and protein complexes. It is a set of Python scripts that integrate freely available specialized software (Qhull, Pymol etc.) into a pipeline. The calculation component of the tool computes Voronoi tessellation of a given protein system in a way described by a user-supplied XML recipe and stores resulting neighbourhood information as text files with various styles. The Python pickle file generated in the process is used by the visualization component, a Pymol plug-in, that offers a GUI to explore the tessellation visually.
Availability: PROVAT source code can be downloaded from http://raven.bioc.cam.ac.uk/~swanand/Provat1, which also provides a webserver for its calculation component, documentation and examples.
Contact: swanand@cryst.bioc.cam.ac.uk