bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine nasal administration improves perioperative sleep quality and neurocognitive deficits in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia
Authors: He Jiang , Zhang Xinning , Li Cuicui , Fu Baojun , Huang Yizhou , Li Heng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the improvement of perioperative sleep quality and neurocognitive impairment in elderly patients under general anesthesia by nasal administration of dexmedetomidine.

Methods
One hundred and twenty patients admitted to our hospital for various laparoscopic elective gynecological surgeries lasting more than 1 h under general anesthesia from July 2021 to March 2023 were selected. All subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the random number table method. From 21:00 to 21:30 every night from one day before to 5 days after surgery, group A was given alprazolam 0.4 mg orally; group B was given dexmedetomidine 1.5ug/kg nasal drip; group C was given saline nasal drip. All subjects were observed for general information, sleep quality, postoperative cognitive function, anxiety status, sleep quality, adverse effects and complication occurrence.

Results
The difference in general information between the three groups was not statistically significant, P > 0.05; the sleep quality scores of the three groups on admission were not statistically significant, P > 0.05. At the Preoperative 1d, postoperative 1d, 3d and 5d, the RCSQ scores of the subjects in group A and group B were higher than those in groups C, and with the postoperative RCSQ scores of subjects in group B were higher as the time increased; the assessment of anxiety status in the three groups 1d before surgery was not statistically significant, P > 0.05. The cognitive function scores of subjects in the three groups were not statistically significant in the preoperative 1d, P > 0.05. The postoperative 1d (24.63 ± 2.23), 3d (25.83 ± 2.53), and 5d (26.15 ± 2.01) scores of the subjects in group B were higher than those in groups A and C (P < 0.05), and the subjects in group B had better recovery of postoperative cognitive function with increasing time; the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in group B (12.5%) were lower on postoperative 5d than those in groups A (37.5%) and C (32.5%) (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the evaluation of anxiety state of the three groups on the first day before operation (P > 0.05). The scores in group B were lower than those in group C on the postoperative 1d, 3d, 5 d (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions and complications in subjects in group B was 17.5% significantly lower than that in groups A and C (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Dexmedetomidine can effectively improve the sleep disorder of elderly general anesthesia patients, reduce the damage to their neurocognitive function and the occurrence of POD, effectively reduce the anxiety of patients and the occurrence of adverse reactions and complications, and has better sedative, improve postoperative cognitive function and anti-anxiety effects, with a high drug safety, worthy of clinical application and promotion.
Effect of sacubitril valsartan on heart failure with mid-range or preserved ejection fraction in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: real-world experience in a single-center, prospective study
Authors: Huang Xiao-mei , Li Jing-jing , Yin Wang , Fu Hui-ling , Yu Fen , Gu Lian-qing , Zhang Yi , Du Min , Ye Zheng , Xu Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sacubitril valsartan (SV) on heart failure (HF) hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality in patients on hemodialysis with HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF; HFpEF).

Methods
This single-center, prospective study enrolled 155 stable hemodialysis patients with EF > 40% who were followed up for 12 months. Fifty-nine patients were treated with SV; the others were matched for EF (57.89 ± 9.35 vs. 58.00 ± 11.82, P = 0.9) at a ratio of 1:1 and included as controls. The target dosage of SV was 200 mg/day.

Results
Twenty-three (23/155; 14.84%) had HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), while 132 (85.16%) had HFpEF. After SV treatment, the peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity/peak early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity(E/e’) improved from 17.19 ± 8.74 to 12.80 ± 5.52 (P = 0.006), the left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter decreased from 53.14 ± 7.67 mm to 51.56 ± 7.44 mm (P = 0.03), and the LV mass index decreased from 165.7 ± 44.6 g/m2 to 154.8 ± 24.0 g/m2 (P = 0.02). LVEF (P = 0.08) and LV global longitudinal strain (P = 0.7) did not change significantly. The composite outcome of first and recurrent HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death showed no difference between group. However, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Workgroup (ADQI) HF class improved in 39 and 15 patients and worsened in 1 and 11 patients in the SV and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Age, diabetes mellitus, and pulmonary arterial pressure were independent risk factors for HF hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality in patients with HFpEF.

Conclusions
SV improved LV hypertrophy, diastolic function, and the ADQI class for HF; however, it failed to reduce the composite endpoints of HF hospitalization and cardiovascular disease-related mortality over 12 months of follow-up in patients on maintenance hemodialysis with EF of > 40%.
Adaptation of a guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention for people with dementia in Sweden: a qualitative study exploring the needs and preferences of key stakeholders
Authors: Blomberg Oscar , Svedin Frida , Farrand Paul , Brantnell Anders , von Essen Louise , Patriksson Karlsson Johanna , Åberg Anna Cristina , Woodford Joanne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite depression being prevalent in people with dementia, contributing to negative health outcomes and placing increased burden on individuals and family members, access to psychological interventions is limited. A potential solution is guided low-intensity behavioral activation, supported by informal caregivers and guided by healthcare professionals. However, it is necessary to adapt interventions to meet the needs and preferences of key stakeholders to enhance acceptability and relevance. Study objectives were to: (1) explore needs and preferences concerning the content and delivery model of the guided low-intensity behavioral activation intervention; and (2) adapt the intervention to ensure cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability to people with dementia and their caregivers in Sweden.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals (n = 18), community stakeholders (n = 7), people with dementia (n = 8), and informal caregivers (n = 19). A draft of the written low-intensity behavioral activation intervention and a description of the proposed intervention delivery model were provided to participants. Open-ended questions explored the perceived relevance of the intervention, alongside needs and preferences concerning content and delivery. A manifest content analysis approach was adopted.

Results
Content analysis resulted in three categories: Content, Delivery procedures, and Illness trajectory. Results highlighted a need to consider the intervention Content via increased cultural adaptation to the Swedish context, and increasing the inclusiveness of intervention content. Delivery procedures were identified as needing to be flexible given the unpredictable nature of caring for people with dementia, with the provision of additional guidance to informal caregivers supporting the intervention. Illness trajectory was viewed as essential to consider, with the intervention regarded as suitable for those early in the dementia trajectory, alongside a need to reduce workbook text to minimize burden given dementia symptomology.

Conclusions
The intervention and proposed delivery model were generally well received by all stakeholders. We were able to identify key adaptations to enhance cultural appropriateness, relevancy, and acceptability for a currently neglected population. Results will inform a feasibility study to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures to inform the design of a future superiority randomized controlled trial.

Trial registration/protocol
Not applicable.
Prevalence of iron deficiency in patients admitted to a geriatric unit: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Fougère Bertrand , Puisieux François , Chevalet Pascal , Annweiler Cédric , Michel Emeline , Joly Laure , Blanc Frédéric , Azouzi Abdelghani EL , Desré-Follet Valérie , Cacoub Patrice ,   on behalf of the CARENFER PA study group*, Billet Anne-Sophie , Fiasson Florent , Garnier-Crussard Antoine , Goidin Isabelle , Paccalin Marc , Parnet Laure , Sarasibar Mikel , Thomas Caroline 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency (ID) is often associated with other comorbidities in older patients and is a factor of morbimortality. However, the prevalence of ID remains poorly documented in this population.

Methods
The CARENFER PA study was a French multicenter cross-sectional study whose objective was to evaluate ID in patients (> 75 years) admitted to a geriatric unit. The primary endpoint was the ID prevalence defined as: serum ferritin < 100 µg/L and/or transferrin saturation coefficient (TSAT) < 20%. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test was used to identify older patients at high risk of adverse events (e.g., disability, falls, hospitalization, death).

Results
A total of 888 patients (mean age, 85.2 years; women, 63.5%) from 16 French centers were included from October 2022 to December 2022. The prevalence of ID was 57.6% (95% CI, 54.3–60.9) in the cohort of older patients (62.6% in anemic and 53.3% in non-anemic patients; p = 0.0062). ID prevalence increased significantly with the presence of more than three comorbidities (65.6% vs. 55.9%; p = 0.0274), CRP ≥ 12 mg/L (73.0% vs. 49.3%; p < 0.001) and treatment that may influence ID/anemia (60.5% vs. 49.6%; p = 0.0042). In multivariate analysis, only CRP ≥ 12 mg/L was an independent predictive factor of ID (odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.92–4.08; p < 0.001). SPPB scores were low (0–6) in 60.5% of patients with ID versus 48.6% of patients without ID (p = 0.0076).

Conclusion
More than half of older patients had ID, including non-anemic patients. ID was associated with the presence of inflammation and a low SPPB score.

Trial registration
NCT05514951.
The effect of educational intervention on efficacy of 1% permethrin shampoo and 4% dimeticone lotion to treat head lice infestation using propensity score matching (PSM)
Authors: Moradi-Asl Eslam , Saghafipour Abedin , Hamta Amir , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra , Abazari Malek , Asghari Jajin Shabnam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Head lice are a main public health problem and the most important human ectoparasites and the use of pediculicides is the most common way to control it. One of the possible causes of treatment failure is the lack of improper application of pediculicide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of education on efficacy of 1% permethrin or 4% dimeticone lotion to treat head lice infestation.

Methods
This quasi-experimental study included 100 individuals with head lice infestation from comprehensive urban health centers in Ardabil as the intervention group, and 400 individuals from East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan provinces as the control group, from April to March 2019. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and an examination recording sheet, which documented the presence of adult lice or nits. Due to the inability to perform random assignment and control for numerous observed covariates, propensity score matching (PSM) was used.

Results
The outcome of treatment included elimination of head lice infestation on is 7, and in the case of recurrence, it was considered on days 14 and 30 after treatment. The results showed that the educational intervention program had a significant positive effect on the efficacy of both treatments. The likelihood of improvement was approximately three times greater in the intervention group compared to the control group.

Conclusion
Participants who received the training intervention (OR = 3.29; CI 95%: 2.21–4.88) were more likely to have a successful treatment than control group. In the case of providing proper training on the use of pediculicides and observing hygiene tips to patients with pediculosis, could help to successful treatment of pediculosis.
Enhanced systematic delivery of fluconazole-loaded biotin-glutathione functionalized chitosan-g-proline carrier into the infected retinitis treatment
Authors: Guo Qing , Li Zheng , Cao Fang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The polymer-based facile and effective drug carrier approach was developed to treat superficial fungal infected retinopathy infections.

Methods
Here, biotin-glutathione (B-GHS) functionalized with chitosan grafted proline (CS-g-P) moieties were fabricated with the loading of fluconazole (FLZ) for the treatment of retinopathy. FT-IR and XRD techniques were used to characterize chemical structural and phase changes of the prepared carriers The SEM results show that the sphere morphology with interconnection particle nature.

Results
The particle diameter was found as ~ 6.5 and ~ 8.6 nm for CS-g-P/B-GHS and FLZ-loaded CS-g-P/B-GHS carriers, respectively. The negative surface charge was found as the values of CS-g-P/B-GHS and FLZ-loaded CS-g-P/B-GHS, such as -20.7 mV and − 32.2 mV, from zeta potential analysis. The in-vitro FLZ releases from the CS-g-P/B-GHS were investigated at pH 7.4 (PBS) as the tear fluid environment, and it was observed at 85.02% of FLZ release in 8 h reaction time. The sustained release was observed, leading to the necessity for prolonged therapeutic effects. The antifungal effect of the carrier was studied by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the percentage inhibition of viable fungal count against Candida albicans, and it observed 81.02% of the zone of inhibition by the FLZ carrier.

Conclusion
FLZ-loaded CS-g-P/B-GHS carrier could inhibit the biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent inhibition. Hence, A novel FLZ/B-GHS-CS-g-P carrier is a hopeful approach for effectively treating superficial fungal contaminations of the retina region.
Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with anxiety and depressive symptom outcomes in users of a digital mental health intervention incorporating a relational agent
Authors: Chiauzzi Emil , Williams Andre , Mariano Timothy Y. , Pajarito Sarah , Robinson Athena , Kirvin-Quamme Andrew , Forman-Hoffman Valerie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) may reduce treatment access issues for those experiencing depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. DMHIs that incorporate relational agents may offer unique ways to engage and respond to users and to potentially help reduce provider burden. This study tested Woebot for Mood & Anxiety (W-MA-02), a DMHI that employs Woebot, a relational agent that incorporates elements of several evidence-based psychotherapies, among those with baseline clinical levels of depressive or anxiety symptoms. Changes in self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms over 8 weeks were measured, along with the association between each of these outcomes and demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods
This exploratory, single-arm, 8-week study of 256 adults yielded non-mutually exclusive subsamples with either clinical levels of depressive or anxiety symptoms at baseline. Week 8 Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) changes were measured in the depressive subsample (PHQ-8 ≥ 10). Week 8 Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) changes were measured in the anxiety subsample (GAD-7 ≥ 10). Demographic and clinical characteristics were examined in association with symptom changes via bivariate and multiple regression models adjusted for W-MA-02 utilization. Characteristics included age, sex at birth, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, sexual orientation, employment status, health insurance, baseline levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and concurrent psychotherapeutic or psychotropic medication treatments during the study.

Results
Both the depressive and anxiety subsamples were predominantly female, educated, non-Hispanic white, and averaged 38 and 37 years of age, respectively. The depressive subsample had significant reductions in depressive symptoms at Week 8 (mean change =—7.28, SD = 5.91, Cohen’s d = -1.23, p < 0.01); the anxiety subsample had significant reductions in anxiety symptoms at Week 8 (mean change = -7.45, SD = 5.99, Cohen’s d = -1.24, p < 0.01). No significant associations were found between sex at birth, age, employment status, educational background and Week 8 symptom changes. Significant associations between depressive and anxiety symptom outcomes and sexual orientation, marital status, concurrent mental health treatment, and baseline symptom severity were found.

Conclusions
The present study suggests early promise for W-MA-02 as an intervention for depression and/or anxiety symptoms. Although exploratory in nature, this study revealed potential user characteristics associated with outcomes that can be investigated in future studies.

Trial Registration
This study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT05672745) on January 5th, 2023.
Canadians’ knowledge of cancer risk factors and belief in cancer myths
Authors: E Rydz , J Telfer , EK Quinn , SS Fazel , E Holmes , G Pennycook , CE Peters 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Many untrue statements about cancer prevention and risks are circulating. The objective of this study was to assess Canadians’ awareness of known cancer risk factors and cancer myths (untruths or statements that are not completely true), and to explore how awareness may vary by sociodemographic and cognitive factors.

Methods
Cancer myths were identified by conducting scans of published, grey literature, and social media. Intuitive-analytic thinking disposition scores included were actively open- and close-minded thinking, as well as preference for intuitive and effortful thinking. A survey was administered online to participants aged 18 years and older through Prolific. Results were summarized descriptively and analyzed using chi-square tests, as well as Spearman rank and Pearson correlations.

Results
Responses from 734 Canadians were received. Participants were better at identifying known cancer risk factors (70% of known risks) compared to cancer myths (49%). Bivariate analyses showed differential awareness of known cancer risk factors (p < 0.05) by population density and income, cancer myths by province, and for both by ethnicity, age, and all thinking disposition scores. Active open-minded thinking and preference for effortful thinking were associated with greater discernment. Tobacco-related risk factors were well-identified (> 90% correctly identified), but recognition of other known risk factors was poor (as low as 23% for low vegetable and fruit intake). Mythical cancer risk factors with high support were consuming additives (61%), feeling stressed (52%), and consuming artificial sweeteners (49%). High uncertainty of causation was observed for glyphosate (66% neither agreed or disagreed). For factors that reduce cancer risk, reasonable awareness was observed for HPV vaccination (60%), but there was a high prevalence in cancer myths, particularly that consuming antioxidants (65%) and organic foods (45%) are protective, and some uncertainty whether drinking red wine (41%), consuming vitamins (32%), and smoking cannabis (30%) reduces cancer risk.

Conclusions
While Canadians were able to identify tobacco-related cancer risk factors, many myths were believed and numerous risk factors were not recognized. Cancer myths can be harmful in themselves and can detract the public’s attention from and action on established risk factors.
Stress and suicide risk among adolescents: the role of problematic internet use, gaming disorder and emotional regulation
Authors: Chamarro Andrés , Díaz-Moreno Adrian , Bonilla Ivan , Cladellas Ramon , Griffiths Mark D. , Gómez-Romero Maria José , Limonero Joaquín T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have associated videogame playing and social media use with suicidal behaviors together with lower stress coping or poor emotion regulation strategies. Due to the inconclusive evidence regarding the factors associated with suicidal behavior, the present study aimed to overcome the limitations of previous research and explored the relationship between adolescent stress, problematic internet use (PIU), gaming disorder (GD), and emotional regulation (ER) in a cross-section design. It was hypothesized that stress would have a direct effect on suicide risk (SR) as well as being mediated by PIU, GD, and ER.

Methods
The participants comprised 430 adolescents (58.4% male) aged between 16 and 19 years. They completed an online survey including the Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Meta-Mood Trait Repair Scale, and Spanish version of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire.

Results
A total of 34.2% of the adolescents (N = 147) were at risk for SR. Results also indicated that 30,7% had experienced suicidal ideation at some point in their life, 12.1% had at least one plan to die by suicide, and 5.1% had attempted suicide. Results of path analysis confirmed that stress appeared to be a risk factor for suicide, but that its effects were not mediated by PIU. However, ER and GD mediated the effect of stress on SR. The results suggest that stress is a main risk factor for suicide, especially among adolescents with poor emotional regulation or problematic gaming.

Conclusions
Considering the prevalence of suicide among adolescents, the results of the present study suggest that suicide prevention programs should include emotional regulation strategies, stress coping, and videogaming management skills in the early stages of high school. Providing these protective resources to adolescents will help them face the stressful and changing situations typical of adolescence and will help them to attain greater well-being and satisfaction with life.