bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability of removing fractured instruments from root canals
Authors: Suter B. , Lussi A. , Sequeira P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim  To evaluate in a clinical case series the location of fractured instruments, how many of them could be removed and to compare these findings with the results of a similar study.Methodology  Within an 18‐month period all referred endodontic cases involving fractured instruments within root canals were analysed. The protocol for removal of fractured instruments was: create straight‐line access to the coronal portion of the fractured instrument, attempt to create a ditched groove around the coronal aspect of the instrument using ultrasonic files and/or to bypass it with K‐Files. Subsequently, the fractured instrument was vibrated ultrasonically and flushed out of the root canal or an attempt was made to remove the instrument with the Tube‐and‐Hedström file‐Method or similar techniques. The location of the fractured instrument and the time required for removal were recorded. Successful removal was defined as complete removal from the root canal without creating a clinically detectable perforation.Results  In total, 97 consecutive cases of instrument fracture were included in the time period. In all, 84 instruments (87%) were removed successfully. There was a significant correlation between the time needed to remove fractured instruments and a decrease in success rate. Curved canals had significantly more fractured instruments than straight canals (P < 0.05). Rotary instruments fractured significantly more often in curved canals (P < 0.05) compared with other instruments. Half of all instrument fractures occurred in mesial roots of lower molars and most often when using rotating instruments. There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate with respect to the location of the fractured instrument (tooth/root type), the type of fractured instrument or the different methods of instrument removal.Conclusions  Curved canals are a higher risk for instrument fracture than straight canals. In curved canals rotary instruments (including lentulo spirals) fractured more often than other instruments. In all, 87% of the fractured instruments were removed successfully. A decrease in success rate was evident with increasing treatment time. The use of an operating microscope was a prerequisite for the techniques used to remove the fractured instruments.
Detection of the second mesiobuccal canal in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molar teeth ex vivo
Authors: Yoshioka T. , Kikuchi I. , Fukumoto Y. , Kobayashi C. , Suda H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim  To assess the effectiveness of magnification and dentine removal (troughing) when locating the second mesiobuccal canal in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars.Methodology  A total of 208 extracted human maxillary molars were examined. After crown and pulp removal, the MB1 and 2 canals in the mesiobuccal root were located in three stages that were performed by two undergraduate dental students. Stage 1: canals were located with an endodontic explorer; stage 2: additional canals in the same teeth were located under magnification with a digital microscope (VH‐8000, Keyence, Japan); stage 3: additional canals in the same teeth were located by removing dentine (troughing) from the pulp chamber floor within 3 mm from MB1 canal towards the palatal canal with an Enac ultrasonic tip (ST 21, Osada, Japan). In each group, the canals were prepared with Gates Glidden burs and K‐files. The distal and palatal roots were then removed, and Indian ink was injected into the canal system within the mesio‐buccal root. The root surfaces were washed with 6% NaOCl, and then rendered transparent to observe canal morphology. The root canal configurations were classified into five categories following the modified Weine's classification.Results  More than one canal in the mesio‐buccal root was observed in 48% of specimens. Detection rates of multiple canals were 7, 18 and 42% following stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was a significant difference between the stages for detecting the MB2 canal (P < 0.05, Friedman test).Conclusions  Both magnification (stage 2) and dentine removal under magnification (stage 3) were effective in detecting the presence of the MB2 canal. However, MB2 canals could not be detected in 13% of the teeth because of canal calcification or branching located more apically.
Longitudinal study on microleakage of three root‐end filling materials by the fluid transport method and by capillary flow porometry
Authors: De Bruyne M. A. A. , De Bruyne R. J. E. , Rosiers L. , De Moor R. J. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAim  (i) To compare the root‐end sealing ability of IRM Caps (IRM), Fuji IX Capsules (Fuji IX) and Pro Root MTA Tooth‐Coloured Formula (MTA) in teeth obtained from cadavers. (ii) Further research on leakage study methodology by means of comparison of the fluid transport method (FTM) and capillary flow porometry (CFP).Methodology  Root canal treatment was performed on 33 cadaver teeth in situ 2 weeks prior to root resection and ultrasonic retropreparation (S12/90°D‐tip on Suni‐Max), after which the teeth were retrieved from the cadavers. Two teeth were kept as positive and negative controls. The other teeth were divided in three different groups at random, with each group receiving one of the retrofill materials. Retrofills were exposed to water 5 min after placement. The teeth were stored at 37 °C for 12 h after which the root filling was removed. Microleakage (L in μL day−1) was measured for 24 h under a pressure of 1.2 atm using FTM and recorded as L = 0, 0 < L ≤ 10, L > 10. The measurements were repeated after 1 and 6 months. After 6 months, leakage was also assessed by CFP in order to measure through pores and their diameters. Results were analysed statistically using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients between the results of both methods were calculated. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results  (i) A statistically significant difference could be demonstrated between Fuji IX and IRM at 1 month with FTM. FTM revealed a significant difference between Fuji IX and the other materials at 6 months, whereas CFP did not. However, using both methods, Fuji IX showed the best result. (ii) When comparing both techniques, CFP demonstrated through pores in all teeth, whereas with FTM in only 14 of the 31 teeth could through pores be demonstrated. A positive correlation between both methods was demonstrated.Conclusions  Under the conditions of this study (i) the conventionally setting glass–ionomer cement Fuji IX showed the best results when used as a root‐end material and (ii) CFP appeared to be a useful method for leakage evaluation of through pores in endodontics.
Nutritional care: the effectiveness of actively involving older patients
Authors: Pedersen Preben Ulrich 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of the study was to test the effectiveness of nursing care based on active involvement of patients in their nutritional care. It was hypothesized that this type of care could improve energy and protein intake in elder orthopaedic patients.Background.  Protein and energy malnutrition and deterioration in nutritional status is a common but neglected problem in hospital patients.Methods.  The design was quasi‐experimental with an intervention and control group. The study included 253 patients aged 65 and above admitted for hip fracture, hip or knee replacement. Food intake was recorded on a daily basis during the hospital stay.Results.  The daily intake of energy increased with 23% (P = 0.001) and of protein with 45% (P = 0.001). The intake increased from the very first day after the operation. The intake of energy and protein was not correlated with the patient's age, body mass index or type of surgery.Conclusions.  The care based on patients’ active involvement in their own nutritional care and was found to be an effective method to raise the intake of energy and protein among elder orthopaedic patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  This way of organizing the care identifies patients who do not consume enough energy and protein according to their current requirements and to take appropriate actions to prevent further malnutrition.
Metabolic control, self‐management and psychosocial adjustment in women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Whittemore Robin , Melkus Gail D'Eramo , Grey Margaret 
Published: January 2005

Aims.  To examine factors associated with metabolic control, self‐management (diet and exercise behaviour), and psychosocial adjustment (diabetes‐related distress) in women with type 2 diabetes.Design.  Cross‐sectional design using baseline data of women with type 2 diabetes enrolled to participate in a pilot study of a nurse coaching intervention (n = 53).Ethical issues.  Appropriate ethical review and approval was completed. Informed consent from participants was obtained.Outcome measures.  Physiological measures included body mass index and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Self‐management measures included the Dietary Subscale of the Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities Questionnaire and a modified Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Psychosocial measures included the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey (diabetes‐related distress), the Diabetes Questionnaire, the Diabetes Self‐Management Assessment Tool Support and Confidence Subscale, and the Social Functioning Scale. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were completed.Results.  The most consistent predictor of metabolic control, dietary self‐management, and diabetes‐related distress was support and confidence in living with diabetes. Additionally, women had difficulty meeting optimal goals for exercise, yet reported higher levels of other physical activity.Limitations.  This study was an exploratory analysis with a homogeneous sample of women with type 2 diabetes enrolled in an intervention study and measurements included multiple self‐report instruments.Conclusions.  Interventions to increase women's perceived self‐confidence and support may contribute to positive health outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes.Relevance to clinical practice.  Assessment of social support and self‐confidence in diabetes self‐management in women with type 2 diabetes may assist in determining individualized goals and strategies. Enhanced social support and self‐confidence in diabetes self‐management may subsequently improve metabolic control, self‐management and psychosocial adjustment to diabetes.
Lower urinary tract symptoms: a hermeneutic phenomenological study into men's lived experience
Authors: Wareing Mark 
Published: January 2005

Aim.  This was an investigation to discover the lived experience of men with lower urinary tract symptoms arising from benign prostatic hyperplasic.Design.  A hermeneutic phenomenological study.Methods.  Approval was granted by the local Applied and Qualitative Research Ethics Committee (AQREC) prior to the commencement of the study. Data were gathered via semi‐structured interviews that were audio taped, and subsequently transcribed. Each transcripted interview was analysed by the investigator and a team of ‘expert readers’. The team agreed on a total of 57 sub‐themes divided into seven categories with unanimity, therefore obviating the need for participant validation.Findings.  The major findings of the study suggest that men experience a broad and dramatic spectrum of phenomena while living with a benign prostate condition. This includes profound embarrassment, fear, revulsion as well as humour that require a range of methods and life adjustments to manage and contain their symptoms.Conclusions.  The participant's narratives provide a thick, rich and meaningful insight into how men understand their bodies, and make sense of prostate disease; a significant men's health issue.Relevance to clinical practice.  Several studies have already been published describing men's lived experience of prostate surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia. This research has captured men's lived experience of lower urinary tract symptoms ahead of surgical intervention. Men experience a broad scope of phenomena resulting from life with a benign prostate condition that encompasses fear and embarrassment and the development of coping mechanisms and changes in life style. Recent media awareness campaigns to raise public awareness of prostate disease as a men's health issue appear to be changing how men perceive their bodies, how they converse with one another, and their help seeking behaviour.
Breast cancer: relationship between menopausal symptoms, physiologic health effects of cancer treatment and physical constraints on quality of life in long‐term survivors
Authors: Schultz Pamela N , Klein Mary Jean , Beck Martha L , Stava Charles , Sellin Rena V 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between menopausal symptoms, physiologic health effects of cancer treatment and the physical contributors to quality of life in long‐term survivors of breast cancer.Background.  The treatment of menopausal symptoms is hotly debated, especially for women with breast cancer. Common treatments for menopausal symptoms are considered to be contraindicated in women with breast cancer.Design.  This is a descriptive, cross‐sectional study of long‐term breast cancer survivors; a subset of a study that responded to a mailed survey targeting long‐term cancer survivors treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.Methods.  In 291 breast cancer patients information was available that included items that commonly relate to menopausal symptoms including hot flushes, painful sexual intercourse, inability to concentrate, fatigue and sleep disturbances.Results.  Ninety per cent were Caucasian American and the mean time since diagnosis was 16 ± 8 years. All patients had been treated with surgery, (60%) with radiotherapy, (68%) with chemotherapy and (37%) with hormonal therapy. Forty‐six per cent of the breast cancer survivors indicated that having breast cancer affected their overall health. Self‐reported health effects were more common in those survivors who had received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A menopausal quality of life score was determined using the items about hot flushes, ability to concentrate, painful sexual intercourse, fatigue, unhappiness and sleep disturbances.Conclusions.  This study reminds us that breast cancer and menopause are independent issues. Quality of life parameters need to be rigidly defined and time sensitive. There are complex interactions between quality of life indicators and specific physiologic consequences of treatment. However, menopausal signs and symptoms may not be different for the breast cancer survivor and they should not be confused with the quality of life/psychosocial issues of the cancer survivor.Relevance to clinical practice.  Menopause is not a disease process but a normal developmental stage for women. It is important for nurses not only to understand the client needs of the menopausal woman, but also to be able to differentiate between quality of life issues related to menopause and to cancer treatment in order to provide holistic nursing care.
Health risks and occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics – a review with a systematic approach
Authors: Nilsson Roland , Björdal Chatarina , Andersson Matts , Björdal Jörn , Nyberg Anna , Welin Bengt , Willman Ania 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  To provide practicing nurse anaesthetists with evidence based knowledge as to whether they are at risk handling volatile anaesthetics by answering the question: What are the health risks threatening health care personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics?Background.  The interpretations of results from specific scientific studies vary and preliminary research results indicate that occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics affects the health of operating room personnel.Design.  Review of scientific literature with a systematic approach.Method.  The review included a systematic search in three major databases, a screening process of abstracts/articles followed by a quality assessment of the included studies. The screening process and the quality assessment were done independently by the six reviewers and followed specific protocols.Results.  A systematic search of The Cochrane Library, MedLine and CINAHL resulted in a screening of 413 abstracts of which 31 articles were assessed for quality, all done independently by the reviewers. Finally, the reviewers agreed upon how to interpret the results of the assessed articles.Conclusions.  The 31 articles assessed covered areas such as genotoxic effects, neurobehavioural effects, immunology, and general health effects. In the scientific literature reviewed there is no evidence of occupational exposure to volatile anaesthetics either being associated with health risks or being harmless. Studies indicating a potential health risk are all investigating circumstances ignorant of modern environmental regulations and/or with no scavenging equipment.Relevance to clinical practice.  Although no answer has been given, this review illuminates the methodological difficulties encountered in designing studies. The result of this review further stresses the need for scientific knowledge in this area and enhances the extensive use of scavenging equipment.
Music and its effect on anxiety in short waiting periods: a critical appraisal
Authors: Cooke Marie , Chaboyer Wendy , Hiratos Mary Anne 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives. This paper undertakes a critical appraisal of the methodological issues associated with studies that have investigated the extent to which music decreased the anxiety experienced by patients in short‐term waiting periods such as day surgery.Background. Investigations and surgery undertaken on a day basis have significantly increased in number over the last decade. Music has been evaluated as an appropriate nursing intervention in relation to pain, discomfort and anxiety in a number of clinical settings but its usefulness for decreasing anxiety in short‐term waiting periods such as day surgery is only beginning to be understood.Conclusion. A number of methodological limitations are identified by this critical review, particularly in relation to the design of research studies. Recommendations to strengthen research in this area are suggested and include (i) describing methods clearly and with detail to allow assessment of the validity and rigour of study results; (ii) using permuted block randomization; (iii) recruiting from a variety of surgical procedures and cultural groups; and (iv) standardizing the health care provided during waiting period.Relevance to clinical practice. Music as a simple and cost‐effective intervention to reduce the anxiety experienced in limited time periods will have enormous impact on clinical practice where patients wait and undergo invasive investigations, procedures or surgery. However, the evidence of its utility in these unique environments is only beginning to emerge and this critical review provides a basis for considerations for future research.
Prevalence of pressure ulcers in Germany
Authors: Lahmann Nils A , Halfens Ruud JG , Dassen Theo 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives.  This article establishes the prevalence of pressure ulcers in hospitals and nursing homes for national and international comparison.Background.  Although many European countries evaluate the prevalence of pressure ulcers, it has not recently been examined in German healthcare facilities.Design.  Descriptive study design, point prevalence survey in 2001 and 2002. A total of 11 584 patients and residents in 66 institutions throughout Germany took part in the study.Methods.  Prevalence rates were calculated for the different types of institutions, different years, different risk groups and different disciplines. All calculations were made by including as well as excluding pressure ulcer grade 1. The Braden scale (cut‐off ≤20) was applied to define at risk and not at risk patients/residents.Results.  The prevalence including (excluding) grade 1 pressure ulcers was 11.7% (5.2%) for the whole sample, while in the group at risk it was 24.5% (11.5%). The size of the group at risk in the nursing homes was 63.9% and less than 40% in the hospitals. Comparisons between disciplines showed a great range of prevalence rates. The use of special surface devices for persons at risk was more common in nursing homes than in hospitals.Conclusion.  The prevalence of pressure ulcers bears resemblance to results produced by other studies, but it is uncertain if these similarities are more than coincidental. Due to the influence of sampling the use of a standardized samples method is essential. For comparisons of groups with differences regarding their risk assessment it would be more appropriate to use the prevalence of patients and residents at risk.Relevance to clinical practice.  The study provides accurate data about the extent of the problem of pressure ulcers in German healthcare facilities.
Noise levels in a General Surgical Ward: a descriptive study
Authors: Christensen Martin 
Published: January 2005

Aims and objectives. This study was undertaken to measure and analyse levels of acoustic noise in a General Surgical Ward.Method. Measurements were undertaken using the Norsonic 116 sound level meter (SLM) recording noise levels in the internationally agreed ‘A’ weighted scale. Noise level data and observational data as to the number of staff present were obtained and recorded at 5‐min intervals over three consecutive days.Results. Results of noise level analysis indicated that mean noise level within this clinical area was 42.28 dB with acute spikes reaching 70 dB(A). The lowest noise level attained was that of 36 dB(A) during the period midnight to 7 a.m. Non‐parametric testing, using Spearman's Rho (two‐tailed), found a positive relationship between the number of staff present and the level of noise recorded, indicating that the presence of hospital personnel strongly influences the level of noise within this area.Relevance to clinical practice. Whilst the results of this may seem self‐evident in many respects the problems of excessive noise production and the exposure to it for patients, hospital personnel and relatives alike continues unabated. What must be of concern is the psychophysiological effects excessive noise exposure has on individuals, for example, decreased wound healing, sleep deprivation and cardiovascular stimulation.