bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of two‐concentric annular ring microstrip antenna
Authors: Kanaujia Binod K. , Vishvakarma Babau R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe analysis of a two‐concentric annular ring patch antenna using planar waveguide model is presented. Consequently, various parameters such as input impedance (Zin), VSWR, return loss, resonance frequency, and radiation patterns have been theoretically investigated as a function of gap length and feed location. The various parameters of the two‐concentric annular ring patch antenna are found to depend heavily on gap length and feed locations. The radiated power and 3‐dB beamwidth improve significantly, as compared to a single radiator. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 104–108, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10688
The effect of shutter thickness on opto‐mechanical variable optical attenuators
Authors: Khalil D. , Maaty H. , Bashir A. , Saadany B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this work, we study the effect of shutter thickness on the optical attenuation of an opto‐mechanical variable optical attenuator (VOA). Both experimental and simulation results show maximum shutter displacement in the received optical field, which increases with larger shutter thickness. This behaviour has not been reported or analysed previously. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 110–112, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10690
Investigation of input power dynamic range enhancement of a cross‐phase modulation wavelength converter by pre‐amplification
Authors: Jeon Yong‐Soo , Kang Jeung‐Mo , Kim Tae‐Young , Han Sang‐Kook , Lee Seok 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe performance of a pre‐amplified cross‐phase modulation (XPM) wavelength converter has been theoretically investigated. We showed that the pre‐amplifier enhances the input optical power dynamic range by 3 dB. The additional 4‐dB improvement of the power penalty in wavelength conversion obtained through BER simulation shows that integrating a pre‐amplifier enables the accommodation of a relatively small input optical power. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 131–134, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10697
A 1.2‐V fully integrated 2.4‐GHz low‐noise amplifier in 0.35‐μm CMOS technology
Authors: Meng C. C. , Chiang M. H. , Wu T. H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA 1.2‐V fully integrated 0.35‐μm inductively degenerated common source CMOS low‐noise amplifier has been demonstrated at 2.4 GHz in this paper. A simple common source configuration can be operated at lower voltage and has lower output impedance when compared with a conventional high output impedance cascode LNA circuit topology. The input matching inductance, output matching inductance, and source degeneration inductance are integrated on a single chip. The fully integrated 2.4‐GHz CMOS LNA has 5.27‐dB power gain, 17‐dB input return loss, 15‐dB output return loss, 4‐dB noise figure, and −1‐dBm IIP1dB and 8‐dBm IIP3 at Vdd = 1.2 V and Idd = 10 mA, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 136–139, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10699
The Electronic Spectra of Aromatic Molecules IV: Excited States of Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Radicals and Ions
Authors: H C Longuet-Higgins  , J A Pople  
Published: December 2002

The lower excited electronic states of some unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals and ions are discussed in terms of molecular orbital theory, taking account of electron interaction. The following results emerge:In the absorption spectrum of an alternant radical there should appear two long wavelength bands. These arise jointly from excitations of electrons into and out of the singly occupied orbital. The lower frequency band should be weak, and the higher frequency band relatively strong. The existence of a low-lying quartet level is also predicted.The absorption spectra of the corresponding anion and cation should be closely related, the lowest two excited states being for both types of ion a triplet and a singlet.The singlet-triplet separation in the ions should be roughly equal to the separation of the two low-lying doublets of the radical.These generalizations are supported by the experimental data for certain triaryl-methyl systems.
Definitive equations for the fluid resistance of spheres
Authors: C N Davies  
Published: December 2002

For calculation of terminal velocities it is convenient to express the Reynolds' number,Re, of a moving sphere as a function of the dimensionless group ψRe2, where ψ is the drag coefficient. The following equations have been fitted by the method of least squares to critically selected data from a number of experimenters:Re= ψRe2/24 -0.00023363(ψRe2)2+ 0.0000020154(ψRe2)3- 0.0000000069105(ψRe2)4forRe<4 or ψRe2<140. This tends to Stokes' law for low values ofRe.It is specially suited to calculation of the sedimentation of air-borne particles. The upper limit corresponds to a sphere weighing 1.5 μg. falling in the normal atmosphere, that is, one having a diameter of 142 μ for unit density.logRe=-1.29536+0.986 (logψRe2)-0.046677 (logψRe2)2+0.0011235 (logψRe2)3for 3<Re<10,000 or 100<ψRe2<4.5.107.Correction for slip in gases should be applied to Stokes' law by the following expression, based on the best results available:1 +l/a[1.257 + 0.400exp(-1.10a/l)],where the mean free pathlis given by η/0.499σc.This conveniently transforms to the following for the sedimentation of particles in air at pressurepcm. mercury1 +l/pa[6.32.10-4+ 2.01.10-4exp(-2190ap)]
Steric Hindrance in the Solute-Solvent Interactions of 2-Substituted 4,5-Dimethoxypyridazin-3(2H)-ones: An Infrared Spectral and Theoretical Study
Authors: Šamalíková Mária , Perjéssy Alexander , Liu Quing , Loos Dušan , Konečný Václav , Dehne Heinz , Sokolowski Siegmar , Šusteková Zora 
Published: December 2002

Infrared spectra for a series of 2-substituted 4,5-dimethoxypyridazin-3(2H)-ones (1) were measured in hexane (n-C6H14)-CHCl3 and CH3CN-D2O binary mixtures. The solute-solvent interactions of pyridazinones 1 were studied by correlation of v(C=O) values with mole fractions of the less polar components of binary mixtures. The different solute-solvent interacting species were distinguished and compared with those for 3-methyl-4-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-one (2) and previously investigated 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (3). The steric effects of the substituents adjacent to the C=O group amplified by the geometrical requirements of the six-membered pyridazin-3(2H)-one ring appeared to be the main factor governing the existence of individual hydrogen-bonded species. The solute-solvent interactions are sterically most restricted in pyridazinones 1, while in thiazolones 2 they are freer and almost comparable to those in the sterically least hindered 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ones 3. The above results were confirmed by inspection of calculated semiempirical AM1 and PM3 and ab initio 6-31G* geometrical data for methyl derivatives 1h, 2 and 3.
ESTABLISHING MUTUAL-BELIEF AMONG COOPERATIVE AGENTS
Authors: JIAO WENPIN 
Published: December 2002

Mutual-belief is one important premise to ensure that cooperation among multiple agents goes smoothly. However, mutual-belief among agents is also always taken for granted. In this paper, we adapt a method based on the position-exchange principle (PEP) to reason about mutual-belief among agents. By reasoning about mutual-belief among agents, we can judge whether cooperation among agents can go on rationally or not. However, if there are malicious agents involved in cooperation, the profit of honesty agents will be injured. To make cooperation useful, agents should be able to reason about cheating behaviors of malicious agents during cooperation. We extend the standard pi-calculus to specify the expectations of agents and define a group of criteria for anti-cheating that agents can use to establish true mutual-belief.
Multiple variations of abdominal vessels in a single cadaver
Authors: Bilge Okan , Aktan A. Asli 
Published: December 2002

AbstractVariations of abdominal vessels are common and there are many reports about this subject. We report numerous variations of the superior part of the abdominal aorta and renal vessels which were determined in a single cadaver. Clin. Anat. 16:37–39, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Index forecasting and model selection
Authors: Haefke Christian , Helmenstein Christian 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this paper we derive a trading strategy that exploits the informational difference implied by different stock market index construction principles. In order to gain a competitive advantage over other market participants we forecast the indexes one day ahead and subsequently generate buy and sell signals through the trading rule. To illustrate how the system works we apply it to select from those stocks that are included in the Austrian Traded Index (ATX). The forecasting of the indexes is performed on the basis of standard financial econometric techniques and feedforward neural networks. We discuss the importance of parsimonious modeling and the applicability of information criteria for architecture selection in artificial neural networks. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic basis of male sexual behavior
Authors: Emmons Scott W. , Lipton Jonathan 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMale sexual behavior is increasingly the focus of genetic study in a variety of animals. Genetic analysis in the soil roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has lead to identification of genes and circuits that govern behaviors ranging from motivation and mate‐searching to courtship and copulation. Some worm and fly genes have counterparts with related functions in higher animals and many more such correspondences can be expected. Analysis of mutations in mammals can potentially lead to insights into such issues as monogamous versus promiscuous sexual behavior and sexual orientation. Genetic analysis of sexual behavior has implications for understanding how the nervous system generates and controls a complex behavior. It can also help us to gain an appreciation of how behavior is encoded by genes and their regulatory sequences. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 93–110, 2003
Differential scanning calorimetric, circular dichroism, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic characterization of the thermal unfolding of xylanase A from Streptomyces lividans
Authors: Roberge Martin , Lewis Ruthven N.A.H. , Shareck François , Morosoli Rolf , Kluepfel Dieter , Dupont Claude , McElhaney Ronald N. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe thermal unfolding of xylanase A from Streptomyces lividans, and of its isolated substrate binding and catalytic domains, was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Our calorimetric studies show that the thermal denaturation of the intact enzyme is a complex process consisting of two endothermic events centered near 57 and 64°C and an exothermic event centered near 75°C, all of which overlap slightly on the temperature scale. A comparison of the data obtained with the intact enzyme and isolated substrate binding and catalytic domains indicate that the lower‐ and higher‐temperature endothermic events are attributable to the thermal unfolding of the xylan binding and catalytic domains, respectively, whereas the higher‐temperature exothermic event arises from the aggregation and precipitation of the denatured catalytic domain. Moreover, the thermal unfolding of the two domains of the native enzyme are thermodynamically independent and differentially sensitive to pH. The unfolding of the substrate binding domain is a reversible two‐state process and, under appropriate conditions, the refolding of this domain to its native conformation can occur. In contrast, the unfolding of the catalytic domain is a more complex process in which two subdomains unfold independently over a similar temperature range. Also, the unfolding of the catalytic domain leads to aggregation and precipitation, which effectively precludes the refolding of the protein to its native conformation. These observations are compatible with the results of our spectroscopic studies, which show that the catalytic and substrate binding domains of the enzyme are structurally dissimilar and that their native conformations are unaffected by their association in the intact enzyme. Thus, the calorimetric and spectroscopic data demonstrate that the S. lividans xylanase A consists of structurally dissimilar catalytic and substrate binding domains that, although covalently linked, undergo essentially independent thermal denaturation. These observations provide valuable new insights into the structure and thermal stability of this enzyme and should assist our efforts at engineering xylanases that are more thermally robust and otherwise better suited for industrial applications. Proteins 2003;50:341–354. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein side‐chain rearrangement in regions of point mutations
Authors: Eyal Eran , Najmanovich Rafael , Edelman Marvin , Sobolev Vladimir 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA major problem in predicting amino acid side‐chain rearrangements following point mutations is the potentially large search space. We analyzed a nonredundant data set of 393 Protein Data Bank protein pairs, each consisting of structures differing in one amino acid, to determine the number of residues changing conformation in the region of mutation. In 91–95% of cases, two or fewer residues underwent side‐chain conformational change. If mutation sites with backbone displacements were excluded, the number increased to 97%. The majority of rearrangements (over 60%) were due to the inherent flexibility of side‐chains, as derived from analysis of a control set of protein subunits whose crystal structures were determined more than once. Different amino acids demonstrated different degrees of flexibility near mutation sites. Large polar or charged residues, and serine, are more flexible, while the aromatic amino acids, and cysteine, are less so. This pattern is common to the inherent side‐chain flexibility, as well as the increased flexibility at ligand binding sites and mutation sites. The probability for conformational change was correlated with B‐factor, frequency of the side‐chain conformation in proteins and solvent accessibility. The last trend was stronger for aromatic and hydrophilic residues than for hydrophobic ones. We conclude that the search space for predicting side‐chain conformations in the region of mutation can be effectively restricted. However, the overall ability to predict a particular side‐chain conformation, or to check predictions according to individual existing structures, is limited. These findings may be useful in deriving empirical rules for modeling side‐chain conformations. Proteins 2003;50:272–282. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late detection of breast and colorectal cancer in Minnesota counties: an application of spatial smoothing and clustering
Authors: J. Thomas Avis , P. Carlin Bradley 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCancers detected at a later disease stage are associated with significantly higher mortality risk. Lack of uniformity in county‐level cancer detection rates is thus of substantial interest to state health departments and other public health professionals. In this paper, we perform several spatial analyses of breast and colorectal cancer detection data for Minnesota counties for 1995–1997. We look for outliers and clusters in the late detection rates using a number of techniques: (i) applying various mapping schemes, (ii) smoothing the data using Bayesian methods implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo, and (iii) applying maximum likelihood techniques to test for the presence of clusters and to identify the most likely clustersOur results suggest a fairly uniform spatial pattern in both sets of detection rates. Spatially smoothed rates did not reveal clusters of counties with significantly higher late detection risk, nor were county‐level covariates (such as income, education, and race) particularly helpful in explaining the rates. However, our spatial clustering approach (using the scan statistic) did produce statistically significant clusters of counties which may indicate differences of practical importance for public health. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ICH E9 guideline ‘Statistical principles for clinical trials’: a case study
Authors: Phillips Alan , Haudiquet Vincent 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E9 guideline ‘Statistical principles for clinical trials’ was adopted by the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products in March 1998, and consequently is operational in Europe. It has also been adopted in the U.S.A. and Japan. The aim of this paper is to relate the problems encountered during a recent regulatory submission to those discussed in the ICH E9 guideline. Statistical principles discussed in the guideline, but not comprehensively addressed when the clinical development programme was initiated in the mid‐1990s, will be reviewed. The impact of each issue on the approvability of the dossier will be discussed, together with recommendations on how to avoid such problems with other ongoing clinical development programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA Protection by PNA from Enzymatic Digestion for Mass-spectroscopic Genotyping
Authors: Ye Sheng , Liang Xingguo , Yamamoto Yoji , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
By treating single-stranded DNA with nuclease S1 in the presence of peptide nucleic acid (PNA), oligonucleotides of predetermined size were successfully obtained. Mass spectroscopy on these fragments concretely substantiated alteration of one nucleotide to another, if any, in the DNA.
Rhodium Complexes of 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-butatrienes: Their Preparation and Reactivity
Authors: Suzuki Noriyuki , Fukuda Yoshiyuki , Kim Chae Eun , Takahara Hidemichi , Iwasaki Masakazu , Saburi Masahiko , Nishiura Masayoshi , Wakatsuki Yasuo 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
The 1,4-disubstituted butatrienes, (Z)-R-CH=C=C=CH-R (1, R = SiMe3, t-Bu), reacted with RhCl(PAr3)3 (Ar = Ph, p-tolyl) to give rhodium-(Z)-butatriene complexes 3. The butatrienes coordinated to Rh with the central double bond in an η2-fashion. (Z)-Butatrienes on 3 isomerized to (E)-form at 70 °C to afford (E)-butatriene complexes 4 with excellent E/Z ratios (E/Z = 97/3–99/1). The molecular structure of 4b (R = SiMe3, Ar = p-tolyl) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Hydrosilation of 1 was catalyzed by rhodium complexes to give allenes as major products accompanied by 1,3-dienes as minor ones, which are results of 2,1-addition and 2,3-anti-addition of the silane.
Morphology Related to Phase Separation for the Mixed Monolayer of Fluorinated Comb Polymer and Hydrogenated Long-Chain Compound
Authors: Fujimori Atsuhiro , Nakahara Hiroo 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
From observations of the atomic and friction force microscopies, it has been found that the mixed monolayers of the comb polymer having the fluorocarbon side-chains and the hydrogenated amphiphile, exhibit a characteristic phase separation behavior at the micro- and mesoscopic resolutions. The regularity for molecular orientation in the mixed film was compared with that in the pure monolayer of the fluorinated comb polymer by using polarized NEXAFS spectroscopy.
Ruthenium Complex-catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 4-Penten-1-ols
Authors: Kondo Teruyuki , Tsunawaki Fumiaki , Sato Ryosuke , Ura Yasuyuki , Wada Kenji , Mitsudo Take-aki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Treatment of 2-phenyl-5-hexen-2-ol (1a) with Ru3(CO)12 catalyst and PPh3 ligand in the presence of allyl acetate and K2CO3 in toluene at 160 °C for 20 h under 5 atm of carbon monoxide gave the corresponding oxidative cyclization product, 2,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrofuran (2a), in quantitative yield (&gt;99%).
Electrophosphorescence from Tetrameric Copper (I)-Amide Cluster
Authors: Noto Mitsuharu , Goto Yasuyuki , Era Masanao 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Green electrophosphorescence from a tetrameric copper (I)-amide cluster [CuN(Si(CH3)3)2]4 was successfully observed in the heterostructure device combined with organic carrier transport materials and the copper cluster (peak wavelength = 493 nm, and max. luminance = 400 cdm−2 at a current density of 177 mA cm−2 at a drive voltage of 22 V).
Preparation of Polymer Micropheres in TEOS under Static Condition
Authors: Wang Dongjun , Gu Chenbin , Zhou Yongguo , Wang Xinqiu , Zhen Zhen , Tang Fangqiong , Liu Xinhou 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Well-defined PMMA microspheres have been synthesized in TEOS under static condition by one step, the formation and size control of the microspheres are discussed.
A Novel Route towards Iron- and Chromium-containing MCM-41 Materials through Melt-exchange of the Template
Authors: Bourlinos Athanasios B , Karakassides Michael A , Gournis Dimitrios , Georgakilas Vasilios , Moukarika Aliki 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Solid state treatment of an MCM-41 hybrid with molten iron(III) and chromium(III) salts, afforded the corresponding metal-containing MCM-41 materials free of the organic template and with high metal contents and thermal stability.
Low-temperature Complete Combustion of Methane over CeO2-Promoted Pd/HZSM-5 Catalyst with Enhanced Activity and Stability
Authors: Shi Chun-Kai , Yang Le-Fu , Cai Jun-Xiu 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
High catalytic activity and thermal/hydrothermal stability in the course of the low-temperature methane combustion were characteristics of the Pd–Ce/HZSM-5 catalyst, which was easily prepared by an impregnation method.
Aniline-Hydroxylation Activity of a Flavin-linked βαβα-Type Polypeptide Packing an Iron Porphyrin
Authors: Tomizaki Kin-ya , Nishino Hidekazu , Arai Toru , Kato Tamaki , Nishino Norikazu 
Published: December 2002

Abstract
Polypeptide containing iron porphyrin and flavin showed aniline-hydroxylation activity in the presence of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide and O2. The increased activity at pH 5.5 compared with that at pH 7.0 suggests that the dissociation of His from the iron porphyrin favored the hydroxylation.