bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2783 Addressing depression and loneliness in older adults: findings from the BASIL+ randomised control trial
Authors: Littlewood E , Atha L , Bailey D , Ryde E , Shearsmith L , Baker H , Heeley J , McMillan D , Chew-Graham C , Baird K , Fairhurst C , Hollingsworth K , Brady S , Burke L , Agnew E , Coventry P , Traviss-Turner G , Newbronner E , Bosanquet K , Woodhouse R , Crosland S , Wang H , Webster J , Hill A , Clegg A , Gentry T , Lovell K , Ekers D , Gilbody S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Older adults were more likely to be socially isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased risk of depression and loneliness. The Behavioural Activation in Social Isolation (BASIL+) trial investigated whether a Behavioural Activation (BA) intervention delivered remotely could mitigate depression and loneliness in at-risk older people during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We undertook a multicentre randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN63034289] of BA to mitigate depression and loneliness among older adults (65+) with multiple long-term health conditions, including low mood or depression. BA was delivered remotely (telephone or video call) with intervention participants (n = 218). Control participants received usual care, with existing COVID wellbeing resources (n = 217).

Results
Participants engaged with an average of 5.2 (SD 2.9) of 8 remote BA sessions. Adjusted mean difference (AMD) for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9) at 3 months [primary outcome] was −1.65 (95% CI -2.54 to −0.75, p &lt; 0.001). There was an effect for BA on emotional loneliness at 3 months (AMD -0.37, 95% CI -0.68 to −0.06, p = 0.02), but not social loneliness (AMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.23, p = 0.72). For participants with lower severity depression symptoms (5–9 on the PHQ-9) at baseline, there was an effect AMD PHQ9 1.13 (95% CI –2.26 to 0.01, p = 0.051), though this was less pronounced than for those scoring 10 or more at baseline (−2.48, 95% CI -3.81 to 1.16, p = 0.0002).

Conclusion
Behavioural activation is an effective and potentially scalable intervention that can reduce symptoms of depression and emotional loneliness in at-risk groups in the short term. The findings of this trial add to the range of strategies to improve the mental health of older adults with multiple long-term conditions. These results can be helpful to policy makers beyond the pandemic in reducing the global burden of depression and addressing the health impacts of loneliness, particularly in at-risk groups.
Centralization of prior authorization services at a community health system’s infusion clinics
Authors: Taylor Preston , Kulwicki Benjamin D , Farwig Lindy M , Cynova Rachel , Cannon Maureen , Hu Yueyue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Disclaimer
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Purpose
The centralization of prior authorization services to prevent denials and improve reimbursement measures at 2 community hospital–based infusion clinics is described.

Summary
Current process gaps at 2 hospital-based infusion clinics within the health system were leading to a significant denial burden and high out-of-pocket expenses to patients. As a result, authorization and benefit verification processes were centralized by deploying financial coordinators (FCs) at the beginning of fiscal year 2023. A retrospective cohort data review of participating payer claims from adult patients treated at the infusion clinics compared the pre- and postcentralization financial impact. The primary endpoint was the change in the number and cost of denials related to FC workflow. Secondary endpoints included the change in the number and cost of all initial denials, denial type, and success of local denial recovery efforts. Denials related to FC workflow decreased by 68% in the postcentralization period, with a cost reduction of approximately $1.4 million. Total initial denials decreased by 50%, resulting in a cost savings of $3.8 million. Among the top 10 most common denials, 4 were deemed related to FC workflow and declined dramatically after centralization. Local denial recovery efforts resulted in an organizational savings of $0.2 million and a patient savings of $0.19 million.

Conclusion
Centralization of prior authorization services via utilization of FCs significantly reduced the number and cost of preventable denials and positively impacted denial recovery efforts.
The TDQ-60 Tr—a Picture-Naming Test to Assess Anomia in Turkish Adults and the Elderly: Normative Data and Validation Study in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Karalı Fenise Selin , Tosun Samet , Eskioğlu Elif İkbal , Çınar Nilgün , Macoir Joël 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Anomia is defined by difficulty in retrieving content words like nouns and verbs from long-term memory, independent of any impairments related to articulatory movements or motor speech execution. The tools for measuring picture naming, the conventional method for assessing anomia, are very limited in Turkey. The aim of this study was to adapt the Test de Dénomination de Québec—60 images/Quebec picture-naming test—60 pictures (TDQ-60), a color picture-naming test for adults and the elderly into Turkish, establish its validity, and develop normative data adapted to the Turkish population to address this gap.

Method
We conducted three separate studies. The objective of Study 1 was to culturally adapt the Test de Dénomination de Québec—60 images. In Study 2, we developed normative data for the TDQ-60 Tr adapted to the adult and elderly population in Turkey based on the performance of 414 community residents aged 18 years and older. In Study 3, the known-group validity, the convergent validity, and the test–retest validity of the TDQ-60 Tr were determined.

Results
The results show that the TDQ-60 Tr is reliable in distinguishing participants with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment from healthy participants. The TDQ-60 Tr measures the same cognitive construct as the Boston Naming Test and also has a high test–retest reliability.

Conclusions
In summary, the TDQ-60 Tr is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing naming abilities in adults and the elderly. The results of this study have significant implications for the assessment of naming ability in Turkish-speaking patients. Our work serves as a crucial connection to address the lack of tools for diagnosing anomia in Turkey.
Attention-aware differential learning for predicting peptide-MHC class I binding and T cell receptor recognition
Authors: Niu Rui , Wang Jingwei , Li Yanli , Zhou Jiren , Guo Yang , Shang Xuequn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The identification of neoantigens is crucial for advancing vaccines, diagnostics, and immunotherapies. Despite this importance, a fundamental question remains: how to model the presentation of neoantigens by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and the recognition of the peptide-MHC-I (pMHC-I) complex by T cell receptors (TCRs). Accurate prediction of pMHC-I binding and TCR recognition remains a significant computational challenge in immunology due to intricate binding motifs and the long-tail distribution of known binding pairs in public databases. Here, we propose an attention-aware framework comprising TranspMHC for pMHC-I binding prediction and TransTCR for TCR-pMHC-I recognition prediction. Leveraging the attention mechanism, TranspMHC surpasses existing algorithms on independent datasets at both pan-specific and allele-specific levels. For TCR-pMHC-I recognition, TransTCR incorporates transfer learning and a differential learning strategy, demonstrating superior performance and enhanced generalization on independent datasets compared to existing methods. Furthermore, we identify key amino acids associated with binding motifs of peptides and TCRs that facilitate pMHC-I and TCR-pMHC-I binding, indicating the potential interpretability of our proposed framework.
CRAmed: a conditional randomization test for high-dimensional mediation analysis in sparse microbiome data
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Xu Xiangnan , Wang Tao , Xu Peirong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
Numerous microbiome studies have revealed significant associations between the microbiome and human health and disease. These findings have motivated researchers to explore the causal role of the microbiome in human complex traits and diseases. However, the complexities of microbiome data pose challenges for statistical analysis and interpretation of causal effects.

Results
We introduced a novel statistical framework, CRAmed, for inferring the mediating role of the microbiome between treatment and outcome. CRAmed improved the interpretability of the mediation analysis by decomposing the natural indirect effect into two parts, corresponding to the presence–absence and abundance of a microbe, respectively. Comprehensive simulations demonstrated the superior performance of CRAmed in Recall, precision, and F1 score, with a notable level of robustness, compared to existing mediation analysis methods. Furthermore, two real data applications illustrated the effectiveness and interpretability of CRAmed. Our research revealed that CRAmed holds promise for uncovering the mediating role of the microbiome and understanding of the factors influencing host health.

Availability and implementation
The R package CRAmed implementing the proposed methods is available online at https://github.com/liudoubletian/CRAmed.
A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial of Dual Daily HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Doxycycline in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: The DuDHS Study
Authors: Grennan Troy , Mohammed Saira , Edward Joshua , Tattersall Tessa , Gupta Amit K , Seto Joyce , Dennehy Michelle , Romney Marc G , Zhang Wendy , Li Jenny , Trigg Jason , Lima Viviane D , Juwono Stephen , Wong Jason , Zhang Guijun , Montaner Julio S G , Hull Mark W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women experience high sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates. This study evaluated the feasibility of doxycycline pre-exposure prophylaxis (doxyPrEP) for STI prevention in these key populations.

Methods
Sexually-active MSM and transgender women without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with prior syphilis were recruited. Participants initiated HIV PrEP with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) daily for 48 weeks and were randomized 1:1 to daily doxyPrEP for 48 weeks (immediate arm), or doxyPrEP initiated at 24 weeks (deferred arm). Primary outcomes included adherence, measured using questionnaires, along with tolerability; STI incidence (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis) was a secondary outcome. Nasal carriage of Staphylococccus aureus was assessed serially for doxycycline resistance.

Results
Fifty-two participants were enrolled into the immediate (n = 26) and deferred (n = 26) arms. At 48 weeks, self-reported adherence (≥95%) was 75.0% versus 66.7% (P = .538) for TDF/FTC, and 70.8% versus 61.9% (P = .526) for doxycycline in the immediate versus deferred arms, respectively. No doxyPrEP-related serious adverse events occurred. Incidence of any STI at 24 weeks was reduced in the immediate versus deferred arms, and over 48 weeks, being on doxycycline (vs being off; ie, first 24 weeks of deferred arm) was associated with STI reduction (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .15–.89). Emergent doxycycline-resistant S. aureus was identified in six individuals, with five in the immediate arm (P = .077).

Conclusions
Dual HIV/doxyPrEP is feasible and associated with a significant reduction in incident STI. Further evaluation of dosing strategies, efficacy and impact on antimicrobial resistance is warranted.
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist tirzepatide promotes branched chain amino acid catabolism to prevent myocardial infarction in non-diabetic mice
Authors: Chen Mengya , Zhao Nan , Shi Wenke , Xing Yun , Liu Shiqiang , Meng Xianxian , Li Lanlan , Zhang Heng , Meng Yanyan , Xie Saiyang , Deng Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
A novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, tirzepatide (LY3298176, TZP), has been developed to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In ischaemic heart diseases, TZP is involved in cardiac metabolic processes. However, its efficacy and safety in treating heart failure (HF) following myocardial infarction (MI) remain uncertain.

Methods and results
Herein, 12 week C57BL/6J mice were subjected to MI surgery, followed by administration of TZP. The effects of TZP on cardiac function and metabolism were thoroughly assessed by physiological, histological, and cellular analyses. Downstream effectors of TZP were screened through untargeted metabolomics analysis and molecular docking. Construct a lower branched chain amino acid (BCAA) diet model to determine whether TZP’s cardioprotective effect is associated with reducing BCAA levels. Our results demonstrated that TZP reduced mortality following MI, decreased the infarct area, and attenuated cardiomyocyte necrosis. Pathological evaluation of cardiac tissues demonstrated increased fibrosis repair and decreased inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistically, untargeted metabolomics analysis uncovered a positive correlation between TZP and the BCAA catabolism pathway. The molecular docking verified that TZP could bind with branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit α (BCKDHA). TZP reduced BCKDHA phosphorylation at S293, enhanced BCAA catabolism, and inhibited the activation of metabolism by activating rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. Furthermore, mice fed a low-BCAA diet post-MI demonstrated reduced cardiomyocyte necrosis, increased fibrosis repair, and decreased inflammatory infiltration. These cardioprotective effects were further enhanced when used synergistically with TZP.

Conclusion
Taken together, our findings provide new perspectives on the unrecognized role of TZP in cardiac protection. TZP enhanced BCAA catabolism and attenuated BCAA/mTOR signalling pathway in MI mice. Consequently, this study may present novel therapeutic options for patients with HF.
Personalized app-based coaching for improving physical activity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients compared with standard care: rationale and design of the MyoMobile Study
Authors: Zeid Silav , Prochaska Jürgen H , Schuch Alexander , Tröbs Sven Oliver , Schulz Andreas , Münzel Thomas , Pies Tanja , Dinh Wilfried , Michal Matthias , Simon Perikles , Wild Philipp Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) often exhibit a sedentary lifestyle, contributing to the worsening of their condition. Although there is an inverse relationship between physical activity (PA) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, the implementation of Class Ia PA guidelines is hindered by low participation in supervised and structured programmes, which are not suitable for a diverse population of HFpEF patients. The MyoMobile study has been designed to assess the effect of a 12-week, app-based coaching programme on promoting PA in patients with HFpEF.

Methods and results
The MyoMobile study was a single-centre, randomized, controlled three-armed parallel group clinical trial with prospective data collection to investigate the effect of a personalized mobile app health intervention compared with usual care on PA levels in patients with HFpEF. Major inclusion criteria were age ≥ 45 years, a diagnosis of HFpEF, LVEF &gt; 40%, and current HF symptoms (NYHA Class I–III). Major exclusion criteria included acute decompensated HF, non-ambulatory status, recent acute coronary syndrome or cardiac surgery, alternative diagnoses for HF symptoms, active cancer treatment, and physical or medical conditions affecting mobility. Participants were recruited from hospitals, general practices, and practices specialized in internal medicine and cardiology in the Rhine-Main area, Germany. Participants underwent an objective 7-day PA measurement with a 3D accelerometer (Dynaport, McRoberts) at screening and after the 12-week intervention period. Following the screening, eligible participants were randomized into one of three groups: standard care (PA consulting), the intervention arm with app-based PA tracking and coaching, or the intervention arm with tracking but without coaching. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in average daily step count between the average step count at baseline and at the end of the intervention, comparing standard care to a 12-week app-based PA coaching intervention.

Conclusion
Exercise intolerance is a primary symptom in HFpEF patients, leading to poor quality of life and HF-related adverse outcomes due to physical inactivity. The MyoMobile study was designed to investigate the use of app-based coaching to improve PA in patients with HFpEF with a personalized, home-based intervention, focusing on simple step counts for flexibility and ease of integration into daily routines.

Clinical trial registration
URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04940312.

Unique identifier
NCT04940312.
Polygenic risk score, dietary inflammatory potential, and incident coronary heart disease
Authors: Liu Bangquan , Li Yun , Han Minghui , Yuan Chenxi , Liu Bisen , Ren Xiyun , Liu Tianyu , Huang Keyong , Li Jianxin , Liu Fangchao , Lu Xiangfeng , Tian Wenjing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Dietary inflammatory potential and genetic factors are reported as being linked to coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate their joint association with CHD incidence.

Methods and results
We included 51 889 British participants from the UK Biobank who completed the 24-h dietary assessment at baseline. We used reduced rank regression and stepwise linear regression analyses to generate an empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score to assess dietary inflammatory potential. A polygenic risk score (PRS) for CHD was constructed based on 1.7 million genetic variants. During a median follow-up of 11 years, 1346 incident cases of CHD were observed. High EDIP scores significantly increased the risk of CHD with the hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.26 (1.10–1.45) for high EDIP scores (T3) compared with low EDIP scores (T1). Interestingly, we observed a gradient in the risk of CHD across PRS categories, with the HRs of 1.12 (95% CI: 0.73–1.71), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01–1.43), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10–1.83) in low (Q1), intermediate (Q2–4), and high (Q5) PRS categories, respectively. When the joint effect was examined, individuals with high PRS (Q5) and high EDIP scores (T3) would have the highest risk of CHD with a HR of 3.87 (95% CI: 2.74–5.46) compared with individuals with both low PRS (Q1) and low EDIP scores.

Conclusion
High dietary inflammatory potential was associated with a higher CHD risk, especially in those with high PRS, suggesting that a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory diet and genetic factors may be beneficial in the prevention of CHD.
Effects of phyto-phenolic compounds on ammonia production by select amino acid fermenting bacteria
Authors: Lakes Jourdan E , Ramos Leah I , Cardenas Maedean L , Mast Natasha L , Flythe Michael D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bacteria that ferment amino acids to ammonia can be categorized as generalists or specialist hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria. In the rumens of ruminant animals, most of the ammonia produced is eventually excreted as urea in urine. This process can be controlled with off-label use of antibiotics, but the practice can lead to antibiotic resistance; therefore, discovery of antibiotic alternatives is pertinent. Plant-derived phenolic compounds have demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy for such purposes. This study investigated the antimicrobial and metabolic suppressive potential of six phenolic compounds on five amino acid fermenting bacteria: Clostridium sporogenes MD1, C. aminophilum F, Acetoanaerobium sticklandii SR, Peptostreptococcus sp. BG1, and Prevotella bryantii B14. Inhibitory action of the compounds was determined using a 10% v/v serial dilution method in basal media. Carvacrol (1 mM), thymol (1 mM), and eugenol (10 mM) demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial potential, where carvacrol and eugenol inhibited growth of all five species and thymol four species except BG1. The cinnamic acids (trans and hydro) demonstrated variable activity against all organisms. Suppression of metabolic activity was determined via colorimetric assay quantifying ammonia in washed stationary phase culture supernatant after 24 h of metabolism on fresh substrate. Carvacrol and eugenol yielded the greatest reduction of ammonia by all organisms except B14, which produced no ammonia under the growth conditions. Thymol greatly reduced ammonia production of four organisms except F. These data demonstrate that eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol may be worthy antimicrobial candidates for the control of ammonia-producing organisms.
Extreme smells—microbial production of volatile organic compounds at the limits of life
Authors: Salinas-García Miguel Ángel , Fernbach Jonas , Rinnan Riikka , Priemé Anders 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) are diverse molecules produced by microorganisms, ranging from mere waste byproducts to important signalling molecules. While the interest in MVOCs has been increasing steadily, there is a significant gap in our knowledge of MVOCs in extreme environments with e.g. extreme temperatures or acidity. Microorganisms in these conditions are subjected to additional stress compared to their counterparts in moderate environments and in many cases have evolved unique adaptations, including the production of specialized MVOCs. This review highlights the diversity of MVOCs identified in extreme environments or produced by isolated extremophiles. Furthermore, we explore potential applications already investigated and discuss broader implications for biotechnology, environmental biology, and astrobiology.