bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Three Natural Chemicals to Reduce the Damage of Erysiphe cichoracearum on Chicory in Two Meteorologically Different Growing Seasons
Authors: Trdan S. , Valič N. , Jerman J. , Ban D. , Žnidarčič D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn two meteorologically quite different years, 2002 and 2003, efficacy of three natural substances with a fungicidal activity (sulphur, soya lecithin, salicylic acid) for control of Erysiphe cichoracearum on chicory was tested. In a block designed field experiment, there were statistically significant differences in the mean index of infection of exterior leaves, in the mean total weight and mean net weight of the plants (= total weight − weight of removed damaged leaves). There was also a significant difference in firmness of the heads of nine chicory varieties that was established in both years. In 2002, when no extreme weather conditions occurred, the fungus spread to a substantially larger extent. Yet no statistically significant differences were found in the efficacy of environmentally friendly fungicidal substances for control of the fungus. In the hotter and drier year of 2003, which was less favourable for spread of the pathogen, sulphur‐containing fungicide was the most effective. In 2002, chicory yield was lower than in 2003. Generally, yield loss due to removal of damaged leaves was from 30.7 to 45.0% in the first year, and from 11.3 to 24.8% in the second. The highest mean total yield and net yield of chicory were in plants, which were treated three times with sulphur‐containing fungicide. In 2002, the most firm heads were in plants treated with sulphur. In 2003, no significant differences among substances were detected. The most infected with the powdery mildew caused by E. cichoracearum, were the less productive varieties of chicory. A statistically significant relationship was not found between the firmness of the heads and the degree of infection. Among different parameters in this experiment, the only relevant and high statistically significant positive correlation (r2 = 0.71) was determined between the total weight of the plants and yield loss of chicory due to infection with the fungus in question.
Identification of Phytoplasmas Associated with Grapevine Yellows in Serbia
Authors: Duduk B. , Botti S. , Ivanović M. , Krstić B. , Dukić N. , Bertaccini A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe molecular identification and characterization of phytoplasmas from infected grapevines in four locations in Serbia are reported. Phytoplasmas were detected and identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified 16S rDNA. Grapevine yellows were associated with three molecularly distinguishable phytoplasmas: Flavescence dorée phytoplasmas (elm yellows group: 16SrV‐C subgroup) were present only in the Župa Aleksandrovac region; Bois noir phytoplasmas (stolbur group: 16SrXII‐A subgroup) were detected in the other surveyed regions; a mixed infection of European stone fruit yellows (apple proliferation group: 16SrX‐B subgroup) and Bois noir phytoplasmas was identified in one sample. A finer molecular characterization by RFLP analysis of rpS3 and SecY genes of Flavescence dorée phytoplasmas from Župa Aleksandrovac confirmed that the Serbian genotype is indistinguishable from a strain from the Veneto region, Italy. Characterization of the tuf gene of Bois noir phytoplasmas showed lack of amplification of samples from Erdevik. HpaII profiles of tuf gene PCR products of samples from Pali and Radmilovac were identical, and were indistinguishable from one of the two profiles produced by samples from Italian grapevines used as reference strains.
Etiology of Leaf Chlorosis and Deterioration of the Fruit Interior of Watermelon Plants
Authors: Boubourakas I. N. , Hatziloukas E. , Antignus Y. , Katis N. I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA severe disease with combined symptomatology affecting only grafted watermelon plants appeared in several regions of northern and central Greece during the summers of 1999 and 2000. Disease symptoms included chlorotic mottling followed by pedicel necrosis at a later more mature fruit stage, and finally decomposition of fruit interior. Electron microscopy, double antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assays identified Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) as the causal agent. Our studies indicated that the CGMMV isolates from watermelon are closely related to the Israeli variant of CGMMV (CGMMV‐Is). However, bioassays revealed that the Greek isolates elicit symptoms of higher severity and have a wider host range, compared with other described CGMMV isolates. Nucleotide sequence comparison of the movement protein gene of the Greek isolates showed a 97–99% identity with other CGMMV strains. This paper reports the presence of the virus in arable weeds such as Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Heliotropium europaeum, Portulaca oleracea and Solanum nigrum.
Cerebellar Focal Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis in a Dog: Clinical Findings and MR Imaging
Authors: Kitagawa M. , Kanayama K. , Satoh T. , Sakai T. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryThe authors encountered a dachshund dog, presenting vestibular disorder. On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, a mass showing isointensity on the T1‐ and T2‐weighted images and enhanced by contrast medium, was observed in the right cerebellum. In addition, the periphery of the mass showed isointensity on the T1‐weighted image and hyperintensity on the T2‐weighted image, suggesting sever oedema. Although the dog underwent surgery, it died. The mass was diagnosed pathologically as a granulomatous meningoencephalitis.
Tamoxifen Decreases Level of Immunoglobulins in Blood of the Hen (Gallus domesticus) without Alteration in Non‐Immunoglobular Fractions of Plasma Proteins
Authors: Sechman A. , Hrabia A. , Paczoska‐Eliasiewicz H. , RzĄsa J. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryThe effect of tamoxifen (TMX), an anti‐estrogen compound, on immunoglobulins (Ig) level in blood plasma of laying hens was investigated. TMX (4 mg/hen/day) was given per os for seven consecutive days; control hens received placebo. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein every day before TMX treatment, and plasma Ig levels were measured by means of Ślebodziński's test. TMX significantly decreased plasma Ig levels, maximally by 51% on day 2 of the experiment. The observed reduction in Ig level was accompanied by the significant, 37% decrease in the ratio of Ig/total protein (Tp). From the third day of TMX treatment, level of Ig and the ratio of Ig/Tp gradually increased and on the day 5 of the experiment no difference between control and experimental group was found. In non‐immunoglobular (Tp‐Ig) fractions of plasma proteins no significant alterations after TMX treatment were observed. Therefore, treatment of laying hens with TMX transiently decreased plasma Ig levels. Most likely the effect of TMX is associated with the antagonistic properties of TMX toward estrogen receptors. On the contrary, the transient decrease in plasma Ig levels of TMX‐treated hens followed by the gradual increase suggests adaptation of the immunological system to treatment with the anti‐estrogen preparation.
Meningoencephalomyelitis Caused byNeospora caninumin a Juvenile Fallow Deer (Dama dama)
Authors: Soldati S. , Kiupel M. , Wise A. , Maes R. , Botteron C. , Robert N. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryNeosporosis, caused by the protozoan parasiteNeospora caninum, is a serious cause of bovine abortion, stillbirth and perinatal death. This paper reports a clinical neosporosis in a 3‐week‐old fallow deer (Dama dama). The fawn was full term and appeared normal at birth. Histological lesions consisted of a multifocal necrotizing and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, with intralesional protozoal cysts. Positive immunohistochemical staining and characteristic PCR products confirmed the diagnosis ofN. caninuminfection.
Survival of Dairy Cows After Surgery to Correct Abomasal Displacement: 1. Clinical and Laboratory Parameters and Overall Survival
Authors: Rohn M. , Tenhagen B.‐A. , Hofmann W. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory consequences of left and right displacement of the abomasum (LDA and RDA), short‐ and long‐term survival after surgery and the findings in cows, that could not be cured by omentopexy. Data from 564 cases of displaced abomasum (466 LDA, 98 RDA) were analysed retrospectively. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between the two manifestations of DA. Survival was assessed after 10 days and after 15 months. Necropsy was carried out on cows that died or were killed.On arrival at the clinic, left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) cows had been recognized as diseased for longer. LDA occurred earlier in lactation, and more cows with right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) were pregnant. Overall clinical symptoms were more severe in RDA than in LDA cows. Heart rate was higher, body temperature was lower, inanition, abnormal faeces and ruminal stasis were more frequent in RDA cows. Leucocyte counts were higher, and potassium and chloride levels were lower in RDA cows. Acetonuria was more frequent in LDA cows.More LDA than RDA cows were released from the clinic as cured (82.0% versus 74.5%). However, survival after the early post‐surgical period was similar for RDA and LDA cows. At necropsy, diseases of the gastrointestinal system were the predominant finding in RDA cows, while in LDA cows, diseases of the liver and other concurrent diseases were more important.
cDNA‐AFLP analysis of differential gene expression during the interaction between sugarcane and Puccinia melanocephala
Authors: Carmona E. , Vargas D. , Borroto C. J. , Lopez J. , Fernández A. I. , Arencibia A. , Borrás‐Hidalgo O. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) display of complementary DNA (cDNA) was used to identify genes from sugarcane somaclones expressed during the interaction with Puccinia melanocephala. The isolated transcript‐derived fragments (TDFs) correspond to genes involved in the resistance process. Genes related with recognition, signalling and general response were identified through BLAST search. This work constitutes the first report of genes activated during the P. melanocephala‐sugarcane interaction.
Targeted BSA mapping of Scmv1 and Scmv2 conferring resistance to SCMV using PstI/MseI compared with EcoRI/MseI AFLP markers
Authors: Yuan L. , Duble C. M. , Muminovic J. , Melchinger A. E. , Lübberstedt T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn a previous study, two chromosome regions (Scmv1 and Scmv2), conferring sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) resistance in maize, were enriched with EcoRI/MseI AFLP (Eco‐AFLP) markers (methylation insensitive) by targeted bulked segregant analysis (tBSA). The objective of the present study was to further saturate these two regions with PstI/MseI AFLP (Pst‐AFLP) markers (methylation sensitive) using the same tBSA approach, and to compare the genomic distribution of both Pst‐AFLP and Eco‐AFLP markers. Out of 470 PstI/MseI primer combinations screened, four Pst‐AFLP markers were identified in the Scmv1 region (chromosome 6), and none in the Scmv2 region (chromosome 3). These Pst‐AFLP markers were more closely linked to the Scmv1a gene than any of the Eco‐AFLP markers, and could be useful for marker‐assisted selection and even map‐based cloning. In addition, Pst‐AFLP and Eco‐AFLP markers were dissimilarly distributed in both target regions. Pst‐AFLP markers were equally distributed across both regions, while Eco‐AFLPs were clustered in the Scmv2 region.
Genetic diversity in cornsalad (Valerianella locusta) and related species as determined by AFLP markers
Authors: Muminovic J. , Melchinger A. E. , Luubberstedt T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFifteen amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) EcoRI/MseI‐based primer combinations with five selective bases (Eco RI‐ANN, MseI‐CN) were used to estimate genetic diversity among 45 line varieties of cultivated cornsalad and 19 genebank accessions classified into nine different species related to cornsalad. Polymorphic fragments were scored for calculation of Jaccard's coefficient of genetic similarity (GS). The average GS estimate in elite germplasm (GS = 0.90) was substantially higher than in exotic germplasm (GS = 0.47). UPGMA‐cluster analysis revealed genetic relationships among recently bred varieties, old varieties and genebank accessions. Analysis of molecular variance indicated almost threefold variability within sets compared with between sets due to a high level of polymorphism among wild species. Sources for increasing genetic diversity in elite germplasm of cornsalad were suggested and a duplicate among the genebank accessions was detected. AFLPs could be considered a powerful tool for genetic diversity estimation in cornsalad germplasm and are recommended for systematic fingerprinting of remaining cornsalad species.
Over‐expression of Gastrodia anti‐fungal protein enhances Verticillium wilt resistance in coloured cotton
Authors: Wang Y. Q. , Chen D. J. , Wang D. M. , Huang Q. S. , Yao Z. P. , Liu F. J. , Wei X. W. , Li R. J. , Zhang Z. N. , Sun Y. R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCurrently there are no adequate control measures for the cotton fungal diseases Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt, which are important factors limiting yield under certain conditions. In this study the gene encoding a Gastrodia anti‐fungal protein was introduced into three cultivars of coloured cotton using the method of pollen‐tube pathway transformation, with the purpose of obtaining transgenic plants with improved resistance to wilt. Of the 121 herbicide‐resistant cotton plants two, LB‐5‐8 and ZB‐1‐49, were scored as transgenic based on Southern blot, RT‐PCR analysis and in vitro anti‐fungal activity assay. Field analysis demonstrated that the transgenic lines LB‐5‐8 and ZB‐1‐49 possess an increased resistance to wilt. After 2 years of breeding, the progeny of LB‐5‐8 and ZB‐1‐49 lines still showed a stable and strong resistance to Verticillium wilt. Lines with high levels of resistance to Verticillium wilt obtained from the present study may be widely planted and help to reduce the future impact of cotton wilt on cotton production resulting in increased yields.
Production of an interspecific hybrid between Brassica fruticulosa and B. rapa
Authors: Chandra A. , Gupta M. L. , Banga S. S. , Banga S. K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn interspecific hybrid between a wild species, Brassica fruticulosa (2n = 16, FF) and a crop Brassica species, B. rapa (2n = 20, AA) was synthesized using sequential ovary‐ovule culture on MS medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate. Morphological, molecular and cytogenetic analysis confirmed the true hybrid nature of the offspring. The F1 plants (2n = 18) were intermediate in morphology, highly pollen‐sterile as well as self‐sterile. A maximum of three bivalents per PMC was recorded, but 14 I + 2 II was the most common meiotic configuration. Normal pollen fertility and regular bivalent (18 II) formation was observed in the amphiploid sectors of the hybrid plants. The F1 hybrid harboured significantly lower aphid populations than the crop Brassica parent.
RAPD markers linked with restorer genes for the C‐source of cytoplasmic male sterility in rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Stojałowski S. , Ł Apińaski M. , Masojć P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe study was aimed at the identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers linked to genes controlling male sterility in rye with the C‐source of sterility‐inducing cytoplasm. Markers of male sterility were distinguished using bulk segregant analysis, carried out on the two F2 crosses between male sterile and male fertile inbred lines. Screening of polymorphisms revealed by 1000 arbitrary 10‐mer primers allowed the detection of 10 markers in the cross between 711‐cmsC and DS2 lines and seven markers in the cross between 544‐cmsC and Ot0‐20 lines. Five markers were common for the two crosses, which allowed comparative mapping to be performed. Ten markers were mapped on the 4RL chromosome arm where two linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) for male sterility were discovered. Additional QTL of minor effect on male fertility were detected between the two linked markers provisionally assigned to the 6RS chromosome arm. The effectiveness of the marker‐assisted selection (MAS) for male‐sterile genotypes was evaluated.
Novel variation for the tocopherol profile in a sunflower created by mutagenesis and recombination
Authors: Velasco L. , Pérez‐Vich B. , Fernández‐Martínez J. M. 
Published: October 2004

Abstractα‐Tocopherol is the main tocopherol in sunflower seeds (>90%). Because it exerts a weak antioxidant action in vitro, its partial replacement by other tocopherols is an important breeding objective in this crop. The objective of this research was to develop novel tocopherol profiles in sunflower through mutagenesis and genetic recombination. Seeds of four ‘Peredovik’ accessions were used for chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Single‐seed screening in the M2 generation resulted in two M2 seeds, derived from different M1 plants, with increased γ‐tocopherol contents of 19.2% and 96.7%, respectively. M3 progeny from the M2 seed with the 96.7% content bred true for high c‐tocopherol content, containing more than 90%γ‐tocopherol. M3 progeny from the M2 seed with only 19.2%γ‐tocopherol segregated in a range from 0 to 84.6%. Selection for high c‐tocopherol content produced an M4:5 line, designated IAST‐1, with a stable high concentration of γ‐tocopherol. Crosses between IAST‐1 and T589, with an increased b‐tocopherol content, produced F2 segregants with trans‐gressive levels of up to 77%β‐tocopherol or up to 68% d‐tocopherol. Both novel tocopherol profiles were confirmed in the F3 generation.
QTLs for black‐point resistance in wheat and the identification of potential markers for use in breeding programmes
Authors: Lehmensiek A. , Campbell A. W. , Sutherland M. W. , Williamson P. M. , Michalowitz M. , Daggard G. E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractQuantitative trait loci (QTLs) for black‐point resistance have been mapped in two doubled haploid‐derived wheat populations, each thought to contain unrelated sources of resistance. In the ‘Sunco’×‘Tasman’‐derived population, QTLs were located on chromosomes 1D, 2B, 3D, 4A, 5A and 7A with each QTL explaining between 4 and 15% of the observed phenotypic variance. QTLs were contributed by both parents. In the ‘Cascades’×‘AUS1408’‐derived population, QTLs from ‘Cascades’ were identified on chromosomes 2A, 2D and 7A with each QTL explaining between 12 and 18% of the phenotypic variance. Several markers were identified which are promising candidates for use in marker‐assisted selection programmes. If one, two or three of these markers would have been used to select for black‐point resistance in the ‘Sunco’×‘Tasman’ population, then with one marker 34 of 39 resistant lines, with two markers 23 of 32 and with three markers 17 of 32 would have been selected. At the same time, 67 false positives obtained by selecting with one marker are reduced to 24 by selection with two markers and to 11 by selection with three markers. Similarly, if one, two or three markers are used to select for black‐point resistance in the ‘Cascades’×‘AUS1408’ populations, then with one marker 25 of 31 resistant lines, with two markers 26 of 31 and with three markers 10 of 31 are selected. At the same time, 14 false positives are obtained with one marker are reduced to six by selection with two markers and no false positives are selected using three markers.
Inheritance and potentials of a mutated dwarfing gene ndf1 in Brassica napus
Authors: Wang M. L. , Zhao Y. , Chen F. , Yin X. C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA dwarf mutant ‘NDF‐1′, approximately 70 cm high, was derived from a 200‐cm high doubled haploid (DH) line ‘3529’ (Brassica napus), seeds of which were jointly treated with chemical inducers and bombardment of fast neutron. The leaves of the ‘NDF‐1’ mutant were wrinkled and thicker compared with the wild‐type control. The mutant had much lower values than its original parents for all agronomic traits, except for its seed weight. A genetic analysis revealed that dwarfism is under the control of a major gene (designated as ndf1) with a mainly additive effect and non‐significant dominance effect. Because of the high level of resistance to lodging, breeding programmes for double low dwarf oilseed rape and heterosis utilization were initiated. Some new dwarf strains with improved agronomic performance were developed. The hybrid of the cross between the tall parent and the dwarf line showed increased harvest index and significantly higher seed yield than the tall parent or the control variety ‘Zhongyou 821’ and presented an estimated heterosis vigour rate as high as 12.5–25.8%. The dwarf trait will be a promising marker for a simple, economic and efficient way to control the purity of F1 hybrid varieties in hybrid production of B. napus.
Characterization of greenbug resistance in barley
Authors: Porter D. R. , Mornhinweg D. W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe greenbug [Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)] is an extremely damaging pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), particularly in the southern Great Plains of the USA. Winter barley targeted for production in this region should incorporate resistance to greenbug in the form of the resistance gene Rsg1a (in ‘Post 90′) or Rsg2b (in PI 426756). This study was conducted to fully characterize the resistance profile of these two genes against important greenbug biotypes, and to determine which of the two resistance genes is most effective in protecting barley from the greenbug. Eight barley and four wheat cultivars and germplasms were challenged with six greenbug biotypes and damage ratings were recorded for each combination. In five of the six tests, ‘Post 90’ was significantly more resistant than PI 426756 to greenbug feeding damage. Based on the results presented here, we conclude that the resistance gene, Rsg1a, in ‘Post 90’ is the better choice for use in breeding programmes and will provide better protection than Rsg2b against the greenbug.
Molecular analysis of the barley cv. ‘Valticky’ and its X‐ray‐derived semidwarf‐mutant ‘Diamant’
Authors: Mlčochová L. , Chloupek O. , Uptmoor R. , Ordon F. , Friedt W. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe outstanding semidwarf spring barley cultivar ‘Diamant’ was derived from the cv.‘Valticky’ by X‐ray mutagenesis. More than 120 European spring barley varieties trace back to ‘Diamant’. This variety and nine German spring barley cultivars having ‘Diamant’ in their pedigree, as well as four cultivars not related to ‘Diamant’, were analysed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in order to identify genomic regions associated with traits derived from ‘Diamant’. The total number of SSRs tested was 122, of which 88 were polymorphic taking all varieties into account, with 51 for ‘Valticky’ and ‘Diamant’, i.e. 42.8%. A varying level of polymorphism was detected on individual chromosomes (11.1–78.6%). In addition, AFLP revealed a high level of polymorphism. Out of the total number of 1591 bands, 670 were polymorphic for all varieties studied with 182 for ‘Valticky’ and ‘Diamant’, i.e. 11.4%. Based on SSR and AFLP data UPGMA cluster analysis was carried out, but no grouping according to the relatedness with ‘Diamant’ or ‘Valticky’, respectively, was found. It is concluded from these results that the mutagenic effect leading to the development of ‘Diamant’ out of ‘Valticky’ affected many genetic loci and is thus larger than expected.