bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world characterization of vestibular contributions during locomotion
Authors: Foulger Liam H. , Charlton Jesse M. , Blouin Jean-Sébastien 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe vestibular system, which encodes our head movement in space, plays an important role in maintaining our balance as we navigate the environment. While in-laboratory research demonstrates that the vestibular system exerts a context-dependent influence on the control of balance during locomotion, differences in whole-body and head kinematics between indoor treadmill and real-world locomotion challenge the generalizability of these findings. Thus, the goal of this study was to characterize vestibular-evoked balance responses in the real world using a fully portable system.MethodsWhile experiencing stochastic electrical vestibular stimulation (0–20 Hz, amplitude peak ± 4.5 mA, root mean square 1.25 mA) and wearing inertial measurement units (IMUs) on the head, low back, and ankles, 10 participants walked outside at 52 steps/minute (∼0.4 m/s) and 78 steps/minute (∼0.8 m/s). We calculated time-dependent coherence (a measure of correlation in the frequency domain) between the applied stimulus and the mediolateral back, right ankle, and left ankle linear accelerations to infer the vestibular control of balance during locomotion.ResultsIn all participants, we observed vestibular-evoked balance responses. These responses exhibited phasic modulation across the stride cycle, peaking during the middle of the single-leg stance in the back and during the stance phase for the ankles. Coherence decreased with increasing locomotor cadence and speed, as observed in both bootstrapped coherence differences (p &lt; 0.01) and peak coherence (low back: 0.23 ± 0.07 vs. 0.16 ± 0.14, p = 0.021; right ankle: 0.38 ± 0.12 vs. 0.25 ± 0.10, p &lt; 0.001; left ankle: 0.33 ± 0.09 vs. 0.21 ± 0.09, p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionThese results replicate previous in-laboratory studies, thus providing further insight into the vestibular control of balance during naturalistic movements and validating the use of this portable system as a method to characterize real-world vestibular responses. This study will help support future work that seeks to better understand how the vestibular system contributes to balance in variable real-world environments.
Daily cardiac autonomic responses during the Tour de France in a male professional cyclist
Authors: Bourdillon Nicolas , Bellenoue Samuel , Schmitt Laurent , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundHeart rate variability (HRV) is a common means of monitoring responses to training, yet in professional cycling, one may question its usefulness, particularly during multi-day competitions such as Grand Tours.ObjectivesThis study aims to report and analyze HRV responses in a male professional cyclist over a season, including the Tour de France.MethodsA professional cyclist recorded resting and exercise inter-beat intervals during 5 months, comprising a training period with two altitude sojourns and two competition blocks, including the Tour de France. Resting recordings lasted 5 min in the supine position and were used for computation of mean heart rate (HR), root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSDs), and power in the low- and high-frequency bands (LF and HF, respectively). Training load quantification was based on recorded HR during exercise and expressed as training impulses (TRIMPSs).ResultsLF (3,319 ± 2,819 vs. 1,097 ± 1,657 ms2), HF (3,590 ± 1858 vs. 1,267 ± 1,683 ms2), and RMSSD (96 ± 26 vs. 46 ± 30 ms) were higher and HR (47 ± 4 vs. 54 ± 2 bpm) was lower during the training period when compared to the two competition blocks. The coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly lower during the training period than during the two competition blocks for RMSSD (26 vs. 72%), LF (85 vs. 160%), and HF (58 vs. 141%).DiscussionThe present study confirms that monitoring daily HRV responses during training periods is valuable in professional cycling, but questions its usefulness during the Tour de France. Moreover, the previous suggestion that CV in RMSSD would help to predict poor performance was not confirmed in a professional cyclist.
Humans gradually integrate sudden gain or loss of visual information into spatial orientation perception
Authors: Voros Jamie , Kravets Victoria , Smith Kieran , Clark Torin K. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionVestibular and visual information is used in determining spatial orientation. Existing computational models of orientation perception focus on the integration of visual and vestibular orientation information when both are available. It is well-known, and computational models capture, differences in spatial orientation perception with visual information or without (i.e., in the dark). For example, during earth vertical yaw rotation at constant angular velocity without visual information, humans perceive their rate of rotation to decay. However, during the same sustained rotation with visual information, humans can continue to more accurately perceive self-rotation. Prior to this study, there was no existing literature on human motion perception where visual information suddenly become available or unavailable during self-motion.MethodsVia a well verified psychophysical task, we obtained perceptual reports of self-rotation during various profiles of Earth-vertical yaw rotation. The task involved transitions in the availability of visual information (and control conditions with visual information available throughout the motion or unavailable throughout).ResultsWe found that when visual orientation information suddenly became available, subjects gradually integrated the new visual information over ~10 seconds. In the opposite scenario (visual information suddenly removed), past visual information continued to impact subject perception of self-rotation for ~30 seconds. We present a novel computational model of orientation perception that is consistent with the experimental results presented in this study.DiscussionThe gradual integration of sudden loss or gain of visual information is achieved via low pass filtering in the visual angular velocity sensory conflict pathway. In conclusion, humans gradually integrate sudden gain or loss of visual information into their existing perception of self-motion.
Dietary intervention improves metabolic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes through the gut microbiota: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Zhang Fan , Ren Jiajia , Zhang Haimeng , Jing Cuiqi , Wei Muhong , Jiang Yuhong , Xie Hong 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPoor dietary structure plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and is closely associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Thus, the objective of this systematic review was to assess the impact of dietary interventions on improving gut microbiota and metabolic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria. In comparison to baseline measurements, the high-fiber diet produced substantial reductions in FBG (mean difference −1.15 mmol/L; 95% CI, −2.24 to −0.05; I2 = 94%; P = 0.04), HbA1c (mean difference −0.99%; 95% CI, −1.93 to −0.03; I2 = 89%; P = 0.04), and total cholesterol (mean difference −0.95 mmol/L; 95% CI, −1.57 to −0.33; I2 = 77%; P = 0.003); the high–fat and low–carbohydrate diet led to a significant reduction in HbA1c (mean difference −0.98; 95% CI, −1.50 to −0.46; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0002). Within the experimental group (intervention diets), total cholesterol (mean difference −0.69 mmol/L; 95% CI, −1.27 to −0.10; I2 = 52%; P = 0.02) and LDL-C (mean difference −0.45 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.68 to −0.22; I2 = 0%; P &lt; 0.0001) experienced significant reductions in comparison to the control group (recommended diets for type 2 diabetes). However, no statistically significant differences emerged in the case of FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and HDL-C between the experimental and control groups. The high dietary fiber diet triggered an augmented presence of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the intestines of individuals with T2DM. In addition, the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a notable decrease in Bacteroides abundance while simultaneously increasing the relative abundance of Eubacterium. Compared to a specific dietary pattern, personalized diets appear to result in the production of a greater variety of beneficial bacteria in the gut, leading to more effective blood glucose control in T2D patients.ConclusionDietary interventions hold promise for enhancing metabolic profiles in individuals with T2D through modulation of the gut microbiota. Tailored dietary regimens appear to be more effective than standard diets in improving glucose metabolism. However, given the limited and highly heterogeneous nature of the current sample size, further well-designed and controlled intervention studies are warranted in the future.
Diet quality indices and odds of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a case-control study
Authors: Ramaiah Pushpamala , Jamel Baljon Kamilya , Alsulami Sana A. , Lindsay Grace M. , Chinnasamy Lathamangeswari 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThere are only limited studies investigating the impact of dietary quality indicators, such as dietary quality index (DQI), dietary diversity score (DDS), and alternative healthy eating index (AHEI), on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). Furthermore, these indicators may have different components that could lead to varying results. Therefore, this study aims to assess the nutritional quality indicators and their potential association with MASLD.MethodsThe study included 128 recently diagnosed MASLD patients and 256 controls aged between 20 and 60 years. The dietary intake of participants was evaluated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire that consisted of 168 items. In this study, the method used to evaluate dietary diversity was based on five main food groups, specifically bread and grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy. The AHEI-2010 was computed using data collected from the FFQ.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders in the fully adjusted model, a significant negative correlation was observed between DDS and the risk of MASLD (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.20, 0.97). Participants in the top quartile of AHEI had a 76% lower risk of MASLD compared with those in the bottom quartile after controlling for all potential confounders in the fully adjusted model (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12, 0.56).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that there is a significant association between adherence to a high-diversity diet and a reduced likelihood of developing MASLD. Similarly, we observed a similar association between adherence to the AHEI diet and a lower risk of MASLD.
Developing and demonstrating an atomistic and holistic model of anthropometric failure among children under five years of age using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data from India
Authors: Nandeep E. R. , Jaleel Abdul , Reddy P. Bhaskar , Geddam J. J. Babu , Reddy Samarasimha N. , Hemalatha Rajkumar 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionComposite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and its further modifications have not incorporated all the combinations of malnutrition. We propose a new model incorporating all the forms of malnutrition among children under five years of age. However, the current models might misclassify a growing child as malnourished. Our objective is to develop a comprehensive scoring system using the three anthropometric Z-scores [height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) Z-scores] and demonstrate the proposed CIAF model using the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) data from India.MethodsA new scoring system was developed using the WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ scores to determine the child’s nutritional status. We also proposed a new CIAF model by including all possible categories of malnutrition and practically demonstrated it using the NFHS-5 dataset after applying the new scoring system. Under-five children with heights, weights, and ages available were included in the analysis. The groups of malnutrition are presented as weighted proportions before and after applying the new score to the proposed model.ResultsOur final analysis included individual-level data of 198,802 children under five years of age (weighted N = 195,197). After applying the new scoring system to the proposed model, the prevalence of stunting has reduced to 11.8% (95% CI 11.66–11.94) from 13.2% (95% CI 13.09–13.39) and wasting prevalence has reduced to 4.9% (95% CI 4.85–5.04) from 6.4% (95% CI 6.29–6.51). The most common forms of anthropometric failures among Indian children by using the newly developed CIAF model are: “Stunting and underweight” (30,127; 15.4%), Stunting only (23,035; 11.8%), and “wasting and underweight” (14,698; 7.5%). We found a new category called “Stunting, underweight, and overweight” (stunting = HAZ &lt; −2SD, underweight = WAZ &lt; −2SD, overweight = WHZ &gt; +2SD). It constituted 0.1% (220 children) of the total sample.ConclusionWhen the new scoring system is applied to the proposed CIAF model, it captures all forms and combinations of malnutrition among under-five children without overlap and prevents misclassifying a growing child as malnourished. The newly identified category shows that stunting (HAZ &lt; −2SD), overweight (WHZ &gt; +2SD) and underweight (WAZ &lt; −2SD) can co-exist in the same child.
Association between ischemic heart disease and dietary intake of lycopene: a case–control study
Authors: Amjadi Arezoo , Alami Farkhondeh , Mohammadian Mohammad Keshavarz , Mirshafaei Seyed Reza , Azaryan Fatemeh , Houshiar-Rad Anahita , Esmaeili Mina , Shekari Soheila , Abdollahi Morteza , Khoshdooz Sara , Ajami Marjan , Doaei Saeid , Gholamalizadeh Maryam 
Published: January 2024

AimThe effect of dietary lycopene on ischemic heart disease (IHD) is not clear. Hence, this study aimed to determine the association between dietary lycopene and IHD.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted on 443 patients with physician confirmed diagnosis of IHD as the case group and 443 healthy individuals as the control group. Data on demographic, medical history, anthropometric, and physical activity of the participants were collected. Food intake was evaluated using a 237-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The dietary intake of lycopene was assessed using Nutritionist IV software.ResultsA negative association was found between IHD and lycopene (OR: 0.98, CI 95%: 0.963–0.996, p = 0.02). The results remained significant after adjustment for age and sex, additional adjustment for dietary intake of calorie and fat, further adjustments for BMI, and additional adjustment for smoking, drinking alcohol, and physical activity. The risk of IHD in people with the highest quartile of dietary intake of lycopene was significantly lower than those with the lowest quartile (OR = 0.67, CI 95%: 0.46–0.97, p = 0.036).ConclusionThere was a significant inverse relationship between intake of lycopene and IHD. Further prospective studies in different populations are required to elucidate the roles of lycopene against IHD.
Continuous glucose monitoring for automatic real-time assessment of eating events and nutrition: a scoping review
Authors: Brummer Julian , Glasbrenner Christina , Hechenbichler Figueroa Sieglinde , Koehler Karsten , Höchsmann Christoph 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAccurate dietary assessment remains a challenge, particularly in free-living settings. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) shows promise in optimizing the assessment and monitoring of ingestive activity (IA, i.e., consumption of calorie-containing foods/beverages), and it might enable administering dietary Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs).ObjectiveIn a scoping review, we aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Which CGM approaches to automatically detect IA in (near-)real-time have been investigated? (2) How accurate are these approaches? (3) Can they be used in the context of JITAIs?MethodsWe systematically searched four databases until October 2023 and included publications in English or German that used CGM-based approaches for human (all ages) IA detection. Eligible publications included a ground-truth method as a comparator. We synthesized the evidence qualitatively and critically appraised publication quality.ResultsOf 1,561 potentially relevant publications identified, 19 publications (17 studies, total N = 311; for 2 studies, 2 publications each were relevant) were included. Most publications included individuals with diabetes, often using meal announcements and/or insulin boluses accompanying meals. Inpatient and free-living settings were used. CGM-only approaches and CGM combined with additional inputs were deployed. A broad range of algorithms was tested. Performance varied among the reviewed methods, ranging from unsatisfactory to excellent (e.g., 21% vs. 100% sensitivity). Detection times ranged from 9.0 to 45.0 min.ConclusionSeveral CGM-based approaches are promising for automatically detecting IA. However, response times need to be faster to enable JITAIs aimed at impacting acute IA. Methodological issues and overall heterogeneity among articles prevent recommending one single approach; specific cases will dictate the most suitable approach.
Associations between genetic variants in sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma survival
Authors: Jiang Binbin , Qiu Moqin , Qin Liming , Tang Jingmei , Zhan Shicheng , Lin Qiuling , Wei Junjie , Liu Yingchun , Zhou Zihan , Liang Xiumei , Cao Ji , Lian Jiawei , Mai Yuejiao , Jiang Yanji , Yu Hongping 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAlthough the sphingolipid metabolism pathway is known to play a significant role in tumor progression, there have been few studies on how genetic variants in the sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes affect the survival of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe utilized available genotyping data to conduct multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis, examining the associations of 12,188 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 86 sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes on the survival of 866 HBV-HCC patients, and the model was also used in additive interaction analysis. We used bioinformatics functional prediction and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis to explore the potential functions of SNPs and to evaluate the association of SNPs with the corresponding mRNA expression, respectively. We also used the online database TIMER2.0 (http://timer.comp-genomics.org/) to analyze the relationship between the corresponding mRNA expression levels and immune cell infiltration.ResultsOur study found that GBA2 rs1570247 G&gt;A was significantly associated with elevated survival of HBV-HCC patients [(hazards ratio (HR)=0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.64-0.86, P&lt;0.001)]. And on an additive scale, a synergistic effect was observed between the GG genotype of rs1570247 and advanced BCLC stage. Among HBV-HCC patients with advanced BCLC stage, those carrying the GBA2 rs1570247 GG genotype exhibited a significantly elevated risk of mortality (HR=3.32, 95%CI=2.45-4.50). Further functional prediction and eQTL analysis revealed that rs1570247 were located in the 5’ untranslated region of the GBA2, the A allele of SNP rs1570247 was associated with higher mRNA expression levels of GBA2 in normal liver tissues (P=0.009). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between GBA2 mRNA expression and the infiltration level of B lymphocytes cell (R=0.331, P&lt;0.001), while a negative correlation was noted between GBA2 mRNA expression and the infiltration level of macrophage M2 in HCC (R=-0.383, P&lt;0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that GBA2 rs1570247 G&gt;A in sphingolipid metabolism pathway may be a key factor for survival of HBV-HCC patients by regulating the expression of corresponding genes and affecting the infiltration level of immune cells.
Pharyngeal reconstruction after total laryngectomy with sliding epiglottis: technical aspects with retrospective review
Authors: Grošelj Aleš , Tancer Ivana , Jerman Anže , Paučič Jošt , Pušnik Luka 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionSeveral techniques have been employed for defect reconstruction after total laryngectomy, among others sliding epiglottoplasty. As there is a paucity of data on sliding epiglottoplasty after total laryngectomy, this study aimed to present this reconstruction technique in detail with the retrospective analysis of the patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed single-center medical records of patients who underwent pharyngeal reconstruction after total laryngectomy between 2007-2013, with a follow-up to 2020. The study included patients who had total laryngectomy performed followed by a primary closure or sliding epiglottoplasty. The patients were divided according to the pharyngeal reconstruction technique: sliding epiglottis (n = 38) and primary closure (n = 120).ResultsThe baseline characteristics of patients, TNM stages, and previous treatment strategies did not differ significantly between the sliding epiglottis and primary closure group. The postoperative complication rates, including the pharyngocutaneous fistulae formation and strictures were comparable between the analyzed groups; however, a slightly higher incidence of pharyngocutaneus fistulae was noted within the patients after sliding epiglottoplasty. Overall 3-year survival of patients who underwent the epiglottoplasty and primary closure group were 73.7% vs. 57.5%, respectively.ConclusionsSliding epiglottoplasty is considered a safe reconstruction technique. Although slightly better outcomes were noted within the epiglottoplasty group, it is still considered inferior to the primary closure. This technique ought to be considered in meticulously selected patients in whom primary closure is not feasible, epiglottis with nearby structures is spared from disease, and when the distal flaps are less appropriate or contraindicated.