bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal reaction products and formation pathways of two monoterpenes under in situ thermal desorption conditions that mimic vaping coil temperatures
Authors: Niu Jianjun , Zhu Jiping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVaping has become more popular and different brands and types of vaping devices have rapidly emerged. However, little is known about the potential health risks of human inhalation exposures to the volatile chemicals in the vapour, which includes both directly vaporised components of vaping liquid and their reaction products formed during vaping processes. This study investigated reaction products of two monoterpenes (α-pinene and terpinolene) that are used as flavouring agents in vaping liquids with a focus on the identification of reaction products and their formation pathways. The thermal desorption was conducted under an in situ condition that is in the range of heating coil temperature in vaping by thermally desorbing the chemicals at a temperature range of 100–300 °C. Additional clean air was introduced during the thermal desorption. 36 and 29 reaction products were identified from α-pinene and terpinolene, respectively, at a relative concentration of 0.01% and greater in the desorbed mixture. 3-Carene was the dominant reaction product of α-pinene, while reaction products of terpinolene was dominated by p-isopropenyltoluene. Several reaction pathways including ring opening, allylic oxidation, cyclo-etherification, Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement, epoxidation, cleavage and removal of partial structure, and dehydration were involved in the formation of various reaction products. These pathways and resulting relative concentrations of residual parent compound and reaction products were influenced by both temperature and amount of air present during thermal desorption. The study results demonstrate possible existence of reaction products from thermally labile chemicals like monoterpenes in vaping aerosols and can help inform policies regulating vaping devices and products to protect public health.
Selected conservation management strategies enhance maize yield stability in the sub-humid tropical agro-ecozone of Upper Eastern Kenya
Authors: Kiboi Milka , Musafiri Collins , Fliessbach Andreas , Ng’etich Onesmus , Wakindiki Isaiah , Ngetich Felix 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConservation management strategies have been recommended to enhance soil fertility, moisture retention, crop yield, and yield stability in rainfed agriculture. However, there is limited research on yield stability. We evaluated the effect of integrating soil inputs in conservation tillage on yield and yield stability in Meru South, Upper Eastern Kenya, for eleven consecutive cropping seasons. The trial treatments included conservation tillage without soil inputs (Mt), conservation tillage with soil inputs: sole inorganic fertilizer (F), residue + inorganic fertilizer (RF), residue + inorganic fertilizer + manure (RFM), residue + manure + legume Dolichos Lablab L. (RML), residue + Tithonia + manure (RTM), residue + Tithonia + phosphate rock (RTP) and conventional tillage (Control). Conservation tillage with RFM was the best-fit strategy for enhancing yields. There was heterogeneity in yield residual variance. A larger residual variance implied lesser yield stability. Mt treatment had the least yield residual variance of 0.12 Mg ha−2, followed by Ct and RML, 0.15 Mg ha−2, while RTM had the highest yield residual variance of 0.62 Mg ha−2. Contrarily, the most stable treatments had the least average yields. The study indicated a positive influence of incorporating soil inputs in conservation tillage on yield and suggests longer-term research for yield stability.
Maternal and pregnancy predictive risk factors for having a compensated maternal injury claim: a Swedish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ivert A. , Holowko N. , Liu X. , Edqvist M. , Roos N. , Gustafson P. , Stephansson O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo describe trends and identify maternal and pregnancy predictive risk factors for having a compensated claim for a maternal injury during delivery, as a proxy for having received suboptimal care. This nationwide retrospective cohort study included 1 754 869 births in Sweden between 2000 and 2016, including 4488 maternal injury claims filed with The National Swedish Patient Insurance Company (Löf), of which 1637 were compensated. Descriptive statistics on maternal and pregnancy characteristics, trends in filed/compensated claims over time, and distribution of compensated claims by clinical classification are presented. Characteristics associated with suboptimal care were identified using multivariable logistic regression, with mutual adjustment in the final model. Compensated claims were sorted into 14 clinical classifications (ICD-10 codes for main condition, injury, and causality). Overall, there was a two-fold increase in filed claims from 2000 to 2016, peaking in 2014. The rate of compensated claims only increased marginally, and 36.5% of filed claims were deemed avoidable. Perineal and pelvic floor injuries, as well as medical and diagnostic errors, were responsible for the majority of compensated claims. Women with a previous caesarean section, post term delivery, chronic or gestational disease, > 13 antenatal visits, or a multiple pregnancy had increased risk of having a compensated claim for a maternal injury during delivery. Understanding the risk factors for having a compensated maternal injury claim may guide health workers and maternity wards in improving the quality and organisation of care to reduce the risk of childbirth related injuries.
The MetaInvert soil invertebrate genome resource provides insights into below-ground biodiversity and evolution
Authors: Collins Gemma , Schneider Clément , Boštjančić Ljudevit Luka , Burkhardt Ulrich , Christian Axel , Decker Peter , Ebersberger Ingo , Hohberg Karin , Lecompte Odile , Merges Dominik , Muelbaier Hannah , Romahn Juliane , Römbke Jörg , Rutz Christelle , Schmelz Rüdiger , Schmidt Alexandra , Theissinger Kathrin , Veres Robert , Lehmitz Ricarda , Pfenninger Markus , Bálint Miklós 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoil invertebrates are among the least understood metazoans on Earth. Thus far, the lack of taxonomically broad and dense genomic resources has made it hard to thoroughly investigate their evolution and ecology. With MetaInvert we provide draft genome assemblies for 232 soil invertebrate species, representing 14 common groups and 94 families. We show that this data substantially extends the taxonomic scope of DNA- or RNA-based taxonomic identification. Moreover, we confirm that theories of genome evolution cannot be generalised across evolutionarily distinct invertebrate groups. The soil invertebrate genomes presented here will support the management of soil biodiversity through molecular monitoring of community composition and function, and the discovery of evolutionary adaptations to the challenges of soil conditions.
Unsupervised learning of pixel clustering in Mueller matrix images for mapping microstructural features in pathological tissues
Authors: Wan Jiachen , Dong Yang , Yao Yue , Xiao Weijin , Huang Ruqi , Xue Jing-Hao , Peng Ran , Pei Haojie , Tian Xuewu , Liao Ran , He Honghui , Zeng Nan , Li Chao , Ma Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn histopathology, doctors identify diseases by characterizing abnormal cells and their spatial organization within tissues. Polarization microscopy and supervised learning have been proved as an effective tool for extracting polarization parameters to highlight pathological features. Here, we present an alternative approach based on unsupervised learning to group polarization-pixels into clusters, which correspond to distinct pathological structures. For pathological samples from different patients, it is confirmed that such unsupervised learning technique can decompose the histological structures into a stable basis of characteristic microstructural clusters, some of which correspond to distinctive pathological features for clinical diagnosis. Using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) samples, we demonstrate how the proposed framework can be utilized for segmentation of histological image, visualization of microstructure composition associated with lesion, and identification of polarization-based microstructure markers that correlates with specific pathology variation. This technique is capable of unraveling invisible microstructures in non-polarization images, and turn them into visible polarization features to pathologists and researchers.
The large-scale magnetic field of the M dwarf double-line spectroscopic binary FK Aqr
Authors: Tsvetkova S. , Morin J. , Folsom C. P. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Alecian E. , Bellotti S. , Hussain G. , Kochukhov O. , Marsden S. C. , Neiner C. , Petit P. , Wade G. A. ,   The BinaMIcS Collaboration
Published: December 2023

Context. This work is part of the BinaMIcS project, the aim of which is to understand the interaction between binarity and magnetism in close binary systems. All the studied spectroscopic binaries targeted by the BinaMIcS project encompass hot massive and intermediate-mass stars on the main sequence, as well as cool stars over a wide range of evolutionary stages.
Aims. The present paper focuses on the binary system FK Aqr, which is composed of two early M dwarfs. Both stars are already known to be magnetically active based on their light curves and detected flare activity. In addition, the two components have large convective envelopes with masses just above the fully convective limit, making the system an ideal target for studying effect of binarity on stellar dynamos.
Methods. We use spectropolarimetric observations obtained with ESPaDOnS at CFHT in September 2014. Mean Stokes I and V line profiles are extracted using the least-squares deconvolution (LSD) method. The radial velocities of the two components are measured from the LSD Stokes I profiles and are combined with interferometric measurements in order to constrain the orbital parameters of the system. The longitudinal magnetic fields Bl and chromospheric activity indicators are measured from the LSD mean line profiles. The rotational modulation of the Stokes V profiles is used to reconstruct the surface magnetic field structures of both stars via the Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) inversion technique.
Results. Maps of the surface magnetic field structures of both components of FK Aqr are presented for the first time. Our study shows that both components host similar large-scale magnetic fields of moderate intensity (Bmean ≃ 0.25 kG); both are predominantly poloidal and feature a strong axisymmetric dipolar component.
Conclusions. Both components of FK Aqr feature a rather strong large-scale magnetic field (compared to single early M dwarfs with similar masses) with a mainly dipolar axisymmetric structure. This type of magnetic field is not typical for single early M dwarfs, and is rather reminiscent of fully convective dwarfs with later spectral types. The primary FK Aqr A is currently the most massive recognised main sequence M dwarf known to host this type of strong dipolar field.
Secular change in the spin states of asteroids due to radiation and gravitation torques
Authors: Ďurech J. , Vokrouhlický D. , Pravec P. , Krugly Yu. , Polishook D. , Hanuš J. , Marchis F. , Rożek A. , Snodgrass C. , Alegre L. , Donchev Z. , Ehgamberdiev Sh. A. , Fatka P. , Gaftonyuk N. M. , Galád A. , Hornoch K. , Inasaridze R. Ya. , Khalouei E. , Kučáková H. , Kušnirák P. , Oey J. , Pray D. P. , Sergeev A. , Slyusarev I. 
Published: December 2023

Context. The rotation state of small asteroids is affected in the long term by perturbing torques of gravitational and radiative origin (the YORP effect). The former can be detected by a change in the spin-axis orientation in the inertial space; the latter manifests itself by a quadratic increase in the rotation phase.
Aims. Direct observational evidence of the YORP effect is the primary goal of our work. This includes both the YORP detection for new objects and an improvement in the accuracy of previously known detections.
Methods. We carried out photometric observations of five near-Earth asteroids: (1862) Apollo, (2100) Ra-Shalom, (85989) 1999 JD6, (138852) 2000 WN10, and (161989) Cacus. Then we applied the light-curve inversion method to all available data to determine the spin state and a convex shape model for each of the five studied asteroids. The YORP effect was modeled as a linear change of the rotation frequency υ ≡ dω/dt. In the case of (2100) Ra-Shalom, the analysis required that the spin-axis precession due to the solar gravitational torque also be included.
Results. We obtained two new detections of the YORP effect: (i) υ = (2.9 ± 2.0) × 10−9 rad d−2 for (2100) Ra-Shalom, and (ii) υ = (5.5 ± 0.7) × 10−8 rad d−2 for (138852) 2000 WN10. The analysis of Ra-Shalom also reveals a precession of the spin axis with a precession constant α ~ 3000″ yr−1. This is the first such detection from Earth-bound photometric data. For the other two asteroids, we improved the accuracy of the previously reported YORP detection: (i) υ = (4.94 ± 0.09) × 10−8 rad d−2 for (1862) Apollo, and (ii) υ = (1.86 ± 0.09) × 10−8 rad d−2 for (161989) Cacus. With this value, Apollo has the most precisely determined YORP effect so far. Despite the recent report of a detected YORP effect for (85989) 1999 JD6, we show that the model without YORP cannot be rejected statistically. Therefore, the detection of the YORP effect for this asteroid requires future observations. In several of our targets, the currently available observations do not provide enough constraints on the shape model (even at large scales) to compute the theoretical YORP effect with sufficient precision. Nevertheless, the interpretation of the detected signal as the YORP effect is fairly plausible. The spin-axis precession constant of Ra-Shalom determined from observations matches the theoretically expected value.
Conclusions. The total number of asteroids with a YORP detection has increased to 12. In all cases, the rotation frequency increases in time. The analysis of a rich photometric data set of irregularly shaped asteroids may require inclusion of spin-axis precession in future studies.
Nuclear fragmentation cross section measurements with the FOOT experiment
Authors: Ridolfi Riccardo 
Published: December 2023

Different fields can profit by nuclear fragmentation cross section measurements: among them hadrontherapy and space radioprotection are of particular interest. Hadrontherapy employs high-energy beams of charged particles (protons and heavier ions) to treat deep-seated tumours. In these treatments nuclear interactions have to be considered: beam particles can fragment in the human body releasing a non-zero dose beyond the tumour while fragments of human body nuclei can modify the dose released in healthy tissues.
On the radioprotection side, the interest in long-term manned space missions beyond Low Earth Orbit is growing in these years but it has to cope with significant health concerns from radiation in space, necessitating an accurate cross section data description. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment was proposed to cover these gaps in data. It was designed to detect, track and identify nuclear fragments and aims to measure double differential cross sections both in angle and kinetic energy which is the most complete information to address existing questions. The FOOT experimental setups, the experimental program and a first cross section analysis of 400 MeV/u 16O beam on Carbon target data acquired in July 2021 at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) will be presented.
Low-lying structure of 15C: Information on the N=8 shell gap
Authors: Lois-Fuentes J. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Pereira-López X. , Delaunay F. , Catford W.N. , Matta A. , Orr N.A. , Duguet T. , Otsuka T. , Somà V. , Sorlin O. , Suzuki T. , Achouri N.L. , Assié M. , Bailey S. , Bastin B. , Blumenfeld Y. , Borcea R. , Caamaño M. , Caceres L. , Clément E. , Corsi A. , Curtis N. , Deshayes Q. , Farget F. , Fisichella M. , de France G. , Franchoo S. , Freer M. , Gibelin J. , Gillibert A. , Grinyer G. F. , Hammache F. , Kamalou O. , Knapton A. , Kokalova Tz. , Lapoux V. , Le Crom B. , Leblond S. , Marqués F.M. , Morfouace P. , Pancin J. , Perrot L. , Piot J. , Pollacco E. , Ramos D. , Regueira-Castro D. , Rodríguez-Tajes C. , Roger T. , Rotaru F. , Sénoville M. , de Séréville N. , Smith R. , Stanoiu M. , Stefan I. , Stodel C. , Suzuki D. , Thomas J.C. , Timofeyuk N. , Vandebrouck M. , Walshe J. , Wheldon C. 
Published: December 2023

The low-lying structure of 15C has been investigated via the neutron-removal d(16C, t) reaction. The experiment was performed at GANIL using a secondary 16C beam produced by fragmentation in the LISE spectrometer at 17.2 MeV/nucleon with an intensity of 5 × 104 pps and 100% purity. The angle and energy of the light ejectile were detected by three MUST2 telescopes. The missing mass technique was used to reconstruct the excitation energy of 15C. In this spectrum, two bound states were observed (gs and the first excited state) and two unbound resonant states above the neutron separation threshold (S n = 1.218 MeV). From the differential cross sections, information on the angular momentum of the transferred nucleon and spectroscopic factors were deduced.
The excitation energies and the deduced spectroscopic factors of the negative parity states placed above the neutron separation energy are an important measurement of the 2p-1h configurations in 15C. Our results show good agreement with shell-model calculations with the YSOX interaction and show a sensitivity to the N=8 shell gap.
Multimedia use and its impact on the effectiveness of educators: a technology acceptance model perspective
Authors: Tang Xuan , Zainal Siti Rohaida Binti Mohamed , Li Quan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAmidst the contemporary shifts within early childhood education (ECE) in China, the significance of multimedia tools and their effective deployment by educators is increasingly paramount. Situated within the theoretical underpinnings of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this inquiry elucidates the intricate dynamics between the Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) of said tools and their consequential influence on educators’ effectiveness. Empirical data gleaned from a rigorous quantitative survey of 400 educators within ECE institutions in Guangdong Province underscore the importance of PU and PEU as determinants of the successful assimilation of multimedia tools, thereby influencing the pedagogical efficacy of educators. There are several implications of this investigation. The study primarily contributes to the academic discourse by bridging a discernible lacuna and offering insights into multimedia tool adoption dynamics within the specific milieu of ECE in China. The findings have implications for a spectrum of stakeholders, from multimedia tool developers to educational policy-makers, underscoring that tools, to be truly transformative, must be perceived as both intrinsically valuable and user-centric. Notwithstanding the robustness of the findings, the geographically circumscribed focus on Guangdong Province warrants prudence in generalizing insights across China. This suggests the need for future scholarly endeavours to broaden the research purview across diverse provinces, aspiring to provide a more holistic understanding of the dynamics of multimedia tool integration within China’s expansive ECE domain.
Occupational and environmental factors influencing morale of United States federal wildland firefighters
Authors: Granberg Rachel M. , Shen Ting , Pearson Seth W. , Verble Robin M. 
Published: December 2023

Background Wildland firefighters have physically and psychologically demanding jobs that can result in social, economic and health-related stress. Previous studies have examined the physiological and physical effects of a career in wildland fire, but fewer studies have addressed psychological effects, and to date, none have directly analysed the hiring and work experiences of wildland firefighters. Aims We surveyed work experiences, health and well-being, and morale of wildland firefighters, explored factors that can improve recruitment and retention, and summarised broad patterns. Methods We conducted a voluntary anonymous survey of 708 federal wildland firefighters via an online platform over 2 months in 2022. Key results Respondents reported dissatisfaction with recruitment and hiring processes, low base salaries, poor mental health outcomes, and health and safety concerns. Respondents also reported the high importance of training, performance feedback and work environment to their retention in the field. We found significant effects of wildland firefighting on family status. Conclusions Wildland firefighters report experiencing low morale, financial stress, personal life strain and poor mental health outcomes. Implications These data provide a framework to establish future policy and research priorities and highlight the need for organisational actions and change.
First and second language speakers’ sensitivity to the distributional properties of
wh-clauses
Authors: Domazetoska Ivana , Zhao Helen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The present study investigates L1 and L2 English speakers’ knowledge of the wh-clausal
construction along the parameters of (a) conventionality, distinguishing between high-frequency conventional and low-frequency
unconventional formulations (I asked him why they agreed/why did they agree), and (b) proposition type,
differentiating between interrogative versus non-interrogative proposition types (I asked / told him why they
agreed). We also consider the extent to which L2 speakers’ constructional knowledge is influenced by learners’ target
language experience, such as L2 proficiency, context of L2 learning (ESL or EFL), and target language exposure. Results from a
judgment task revealed nuances in L1-L2 discriminatory capacities, and more importantly, differences in sensitivity to proposition
type between the ESL and EFL group, but no L2 differences in sensitivity to conventionality. L2 proficiency, speakers’ length of
target immersion experience, and classroom exposure were shown to also impact linguistic sensitivity, highlighting a moderating
effect of target language exposure and an important role for classroom instruction.
Laser frequency stabilization with the use of homodyne quadrature interferometers
Authors: Di Fronzo C , Holland N A , Mitchell A L , Cooper S J , Valentini M , Martynov D , Prokhorov L , Mow-Lowry C M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Laser frequency stabilization is a crucial technique for precision metrology. We demonstrate laser frequency control using a compact, interferometric sensor, specially modified for sensitivity to laser frequency noise. This setup achieves a balance between compact size, ease of use, and affordability. We stabilize the laser frequency noise, of a low-cost solid-state laser, to 4.5

k
H
z

H
z

−
1

at 1 Hz. The requirement for additional technology, and expense, is negated when identical, compact, interferometric sensors are deployed. The use of compact interferometric sensors is already a technology under investigation for integration into gravitational-wave observatories and out study enables wider applications by mitigating a fundamental noise source, inherent to their design.