bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Hardy‐Cross method for the solution of piping networks
Authors: Lopes A. M. G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a user‐friendly software for the calculation of general piping system networks composed of virtually any parallel and series pipe arrangement. Solution of the network is made with recourse to the iterative method of Hardy Cross. Solution is provided for pressure and flow‐rate in each branch. Dimensioning problems, where pump characteristics or a pipe diameter are sought for achieving a pre‐specified flow‐rate condition, may also be tackled. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 117–125, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20006
Crystal Structure of SmCo6.7Zr0.3 and NdCo4Cu3 Compounds with TbCu7‐Type Structure.
Authors: Luo J. , Liang J. K. , Guo Y. Q. , Liu Q. L. , Yang L. T. , Liu F. S. , Rao G. H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Ternary Magnesium—Titanium Hydride Mg7TiHx with Hydrogen Desorption Properties Better than Both Binary Magnesium and Titanium Hydrides.
Authors: Kyoi Daisuke , Sato Toyoto , Roennebro Ewa , Kitamura Naoyuki , Ueda Atsushi , Ito Mikio , Katsuyama Shigeru , Hara Shigeta , Noreus Dag , Sakai Tetsuo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of the Crystal Structures of ZrAu.
Authors: Moreau J. M. , Isa M. , Chaou A. Ait , Lomello‐Tafin M. , Jourdan J. , Galez Philippe , Valmalette J. C. , Soubeyroux J. L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Piperidino‐1,1,2‐triphenylethanol: A Highly Effective Catalyst for the Enantioselective Arylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Fontes Montserrat , Verdaguer Xavier , Sola Lluis , Pericas Miquel A. , Riera Antoni 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer and Reductive Radical Cyclizations of Iodoalkynes: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of HIV‐Protease Inhibitors.
Authors: Yanada Reiko , Koh Yasuhiro , Nishimori Nobuaki , Matsumura Akira , Obika Shingo , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Fujii Nobutaka , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Development of a Novel Synthetic Method for Cyanofluoroamides Using a Cobaltadithiolene Complex.
Authors: Yokoyama Yasuo , Suzuki Shoko , Furihata Hyuma , Takahi Shunsuke , Nomura Mitsushiro , Kajitani Masatsugu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metalation Reactions. Part 35. A Change of the Regiochemistry in the Metalation of (Alkylthio)arenes.
Authors: Cabiddu Maria G. , Cabiddu Salvatore , Cadoni Enzo , De Montis Stefania , Fattuoni Claudia , Melis Stefana 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hexa‐ and Heptasubstitution in the Interaction of Octafluoronaphthalene with Lithium Dialkylamides: A New Approach to the Naphthalene “Proton Sponges”.
Authors: Sorokin Vladimir I. , Ozeryanskii Valery A. , Pozharskii Alexander F. , Starikova Zoya A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New, Fast and Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Indenones: Intramolecular Cyclization of 1,3‐Diarylpropynones in Superacids.
Authors: Vasilyev Aleksander V. , Walspurger Stephane , Pale Patrick , Sommer Jean 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal Carbene N—H Insertion of Chiral α,α′‐Dialkyl α‐Diazoketones. A Novel and Concise Method for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Fully Substituted Azetidines.
Authors: Burtoloso Antonio Carlos B. , Correia Carlos Roque D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Method for the Synthesis of Ethyl (1α,5α,6α)‐3‐Benzyl‐3‐azabicyclo [3.1.0]hexane‐2,4‐dione‐6‐carboxylate: An Intermediate for the Trovafloxacin Side Chain.
Authors: Agrawal K. C. , Srivastava Stuti , Singh Vishnu S. , Dikshit Dinesh K. , Bose Prosenjit , Sharma Pankaj , Kumar Naresh 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regio‐ and π‐Facial Selective Cycloadditions Involving 2‐Phenyl‐4‐dimethylamino‐1‐thia‐3‐azabuta‐1,3‐diene and Allenic Esters: An Efficient Route to Novel 6‐Alkylidene‐6H‐2‐phenyl‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1,3‐thiazines.
Authors: Ishar M. P. S. , Kapur Ashish , Raj Tilak , Girdhar Navdeep K. , Kaur Amritpal 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Young age and outcome for women with early‐stage invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Ping , Recht Abram 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients with invasive breast carcinoma who are ages 35–40 years or younger at the time of diagnosis have been found in several studies to have worse prognosis and higher local failure rates after breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) compared with older patients. However, it is uncertain whether specific clinical, pathologic, or treatment factors affect these results, or whether mastectomy yields a better outcome.METHODSArticles addressing how patient age at the time of diagnosis affects treatment outcome were identified through the MEDLINE and CancerLit databases and the reference lists of relevant articles.RESULTSYoung age was found to remain an independent risk factor for worse outcome after either BCT or mastectomy. Limited evidence did not demonstrate a superior outcome with mastectomy compared with BCT. Recent studies of BCT still reported young age to be associated with higher local recurrence rates compared with that for older patients, but their interpretation was hampered by inadequate margin assessment for ductal carcinoma in situ. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to improve local control rates substantially for young patients after BCT.CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, there are insufficient data to determine whether young patients have superior long‐term outcome if treated by mastectomy compared with BCT, or whether having truly uninvolved margins abrogates their increased risk of local failure after BCT. When meticulous attention is given to surgical techniques and margin status, it appears that young age at the time of diagnosis need not be a contraindication to BCT. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of the mRNAs encoding the thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) precursor and three TRH receptors in the brain and pituitary of Xenopus laevis: Effect of background color adaptation on TRH and TRH receptor gene expression
Authors: Bidaud Isabelle , Galas Ludovic , Bulant Marc , Jenks Bruce G. , Ouwens Debbie T.W.M. , Jégou Sylvie , Ladram Ali , Roubos Eric W. , Tonon Marie‐Christine , Nicolas Pierre , Vaudry Hubert 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn amphibians, thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) is a potent stimulator of α‐melanotropin (α‐MSH) secretion, so TRH plays a major role in the neuroendocrine regulation of skin‐color adaptation. We have recently cloned a third type of TRH receptor in Xenopus laevis (xTRHR3) that has not yet been characterized in any other vertebrate species. In the present study, we have examined the distribution of the mRNAs encoding proTRH and the three receptor subtypes (xTRHR1, xTRHR2, and xTRHR3) in the frog CNS and pituitary, and we have investigated the effect of background color adaptation on the expression of these mRNAs. A good correlation was generally observed between the expression patterns of proTRH and xTRHR mRNAs. xTRHRs, including the novel receptor subtype xTRHR3, were widely expressed in the telencephalon and diencephalon, where two or even three xTRHR mRNAs were often simultaneously observed within the same brain structures. In the pituitary, xTRHR2 was expressed selectively in the distal lobe, and xTRHR3 was found exclusively in the intermediate lobe. Adaptation of frog skin to background illumination had no effect on the expression of proTRH and xTRHRs in the brain. In contrast, adaptation of the animals to a white background provoked an 18‐fold increase in xTRHR3 mRNA concentration in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. These data demonstrate that, in amphibians, the effect of TRH on α‐MSH secretion is mediated through the novel receptor subtype xTRHR3. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:11–28, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laminar organization of the mouse dentate gyrus: Insights from BETA2/Neuro D mutant mice
Authors: Del Turco Domenico , Gebhardt Carl , Burbach Guido J. , Pleasure Samuel J. , Lowenstein Daniel H. , Deller Thomas 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe dentate gyrus of rodents is characterized by a highly laminar organization: above a compact granule cell layer, commissural/associational (C/A) fibers terminate on proximal granule cell dendrites and entorhinal fibers terminate on distal granule cell dendrites in a nonoverlapping manner. To gain insights into mechanisms that underlie the formation of this laminar structure, we studied mice deficient for BETA2/NeuroD, a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor essential for granule cell differentiation. Anterograde tracing was used to label C/A and entorhinal fibers and combined with confocal double immunofluorescence for calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin, and reelin to visualize putative target cells. The dentate gyrus of mutant mice contained only few granule cells, which formed a cap‐like structure adjacent to area CA3. Despite the severe hypoplasia of the dentate gyrus, the remaining BETA2/NeuroD‐deficient granule cells expressed mature markers, extended dendrites into the molecular layer, and extended mossy fibers into area CA3. Entorhinal and C/A fibers terminated in a nonoverlapping manner in the dendritic field overlying the rudiment. Entorhinal fibers terminated in the outermost portion of the dentate gyrus where they surrounded reelin‐positive Cajal–Retzius cells, and C/A fibers terminated above and within the dentate rudiment. The laminar termination of C/A fibers was closest to normal in zones of the rudiment in which granule cells were densely packed. These data indicate that granule cells are able to differentiate in the absence of BETA2/NeuroD and suggest that the signals underlying the laminar anatomy of the dentate gyrus are present in the absence of most target cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:81–95, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telomerase activity and differential expression of telomerase genes and c‐myc in chicken cells in vitro
Authors: Swanberg Susan E. , Payne William S. , Hunt Henry D. , Dodgson Jerry B. , Delany Mary E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis study examined telomerase activity and gene expression profiles for three genes in Gallus gallus domesticus: telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT), telomerase RNA (chTR), and c‐myc. Expression of these genes was studied in chicken embryonic stem (chES) cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), and DT40 cells using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Our results establish that, relative to transcription levels in telomerase‐negative CEFs, chTERT and chTR are up‐regulated in telomerase‐positive chES cells. Transcription levels of chTERT, chTR, and c‐myc are dramatically up‐regulated in telomerase‐positive DT40 cells, relative to CEFs and chES cells. These results are consistent with a model in which telomerase activity is up‐regulated in proliferating embryonic stem cells requiring stable telomeres to endure multiple rounds of cell division; down‐regulated in differentiated, lifespan‐limited cells; and dramatically up‐regulated in immortalized, transformed cells for which uncontrolled proliferation is correlated with c‐myc dysregulation and telomerase activity. Developmental Dynamics 231:14–21, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations among aspects of impulsivity and eating factors in a nonclinical sample
Authors: Lyke Jennifer A. , Spinella Marcello 
Published: July 2004

AbstractObjectiveImpulsivity has been well documented as a factor in the behavior of eating‐disordered populations and is likely to influence normal eating patterns as well. The current study attempted to clarify the relationship between the three elements of impulsivity (nonplanning, attentional, and motor) and the three factors of eating (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and hunger) in a nonclinical sample.MethodData were collected from a sample (N = 112) of volunteer participants from the community who answered two self‐report instruments related to impulsivity (the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11) and eating (the Eating Inventory). Partial correlations were performed on the data to control for age, sex, and education. Cognitive restraint did not correlate with any element of impulsivity. Disinhibition was positively correlated with both attentional impulsivity (r = .40, p < .001) and motor impulsivity (r = .32, p < .01). Attentional impulsivity was also positively correlated with hunger (r = .24, p < .05).DiscussionThe lack of association between cognitive restraint and impulsivity suggests that they are functionally distinct. Disinhibition is most closely associated with impulsivity, consistent with findings from clinical samples. Further clarification of the relationship between impulsivity and eating in nonclinical populations could facilitate a better understanding of the relationship between personality variables and normal eating behavior. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 229–233, 2004.
Numerical analysis of waveguide bandpass filters using singular integral equations and construction of simple design formulas
Authors: Matsushima Akira , Fukuda Yasuo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA powerful numerical solution is presented for bandpass filters in rectangular waveguides. The filters are composed of cascading of perfectly conducting inductive obstacles with zero thickness: asymmetrical windows, symmetrical windows, or symmetrical strips. The problem is reduced to a set of singular integral equations, which is solved by an extension of Lewin's quasi‐static procedure. After the accuracy of the classical formulas for the equivalent reactance is investigated, the simple inverse formulas are constructed to yield proper window widths for desired equivalent parameters. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by designing practical filters having maximally flat or equal‐ripple characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(4): 17–25, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10251
Development of a digital real‐time simulator for power electronics systems
Authors: Kimura Misao , Miyazaki Yasuyuki , Karube Takafumi , Noro Yasuhiro , Takahashi Choei , Kishibe Hideto , Sato Hiromichi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA digital real‐time simulator for power electronics systems has been developed using MATLABTM/SIMULINKTM. This paper describes the modeling and calculation accuracy of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) models. Since the simulator operates in a large time step of 50 µs, compensation processing is implemented with the STATCOM model to improve the simulation accuracy. The calculation result of the real‐time STATCOM model is the same as that of non‐real‐time PSCADTM/EMTDCTM. Stable operation of the newly developed simulator was successfully confirmed when connected to a commercial real‐time digital simulator (RTDSTM). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(4): 41–49, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10321
Formation and properties of nitrogen‐rich phases in austenitic stainless steel by plasma‐based ion implantation
Authors: Hirosaki Taketo , Tada Yuki , Azuma Kingo , Yatsuzuka Mitsuyasu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSurface modification of austenitic stainless steel by plasma‐based ion implantation at elevated temperatures below 450°C has been studied experimentally. The nitrogen depth profile at room temperature was similar to that obtained by TRIM code simulation, but the depth of nitrogen penetration increases with target temperature and reaches a few micrometers at a treatment condition of 450°C and an implantation time of 2 h. High‐dose nitrogen implantation exceeding 1018 cm−2 at temperatures above 350°C results in the formation of expanded austenite phase (supersaturated f.c.c. phase) with little CrN precipitation, leading to remarkable enhancement of surface hardness without loss of corrosion resistance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(4): 9–16, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10340
Lineament detection from land cover information in mixels using Landsat‐TM data
Authors: Kageyama Yoichi , Nishida Makoto 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLineaments are important features showing the presence of subsurface elements or structural weakness and are in general extracted by expert visual interpretation. Lineament maps based on visual interpretation will have gaps because of poor contrast of the segments in remotely sensed data. To generate lineaments which are collinear and broken into a series of segments obtained from multispectral data of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), this paper proposes an automated lineament detection method using land cover information in the mixed pixels (mixels).Many lineaments can be extracted from topographic drainage patterns. Therefore, the elements of the drainage pattern estimated by fuzzy reasoning were used to synthesize edge data from TM bands 1 to 4. In addition, the edges in the regions of towns and paddy fields, which were not related to lineaments, were excluded. We then generated segments from the resulting edge data considering the feature of each band of TM data. As a result of experience, it is clear that the proposed approach using land cover information in the Landsat‐TM data allows reliable extraction of segments influenced by the geological structures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 148(4): 65–73, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10342
Concomitant airway expression of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and decorin, a natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor‐β, breaks established inhalation tolerance
Authors: Swirski Filip K. , Gajewska Beata U. , Robbins Clinton S. , D'Sa Abigail , Johnson Jill R. , Pouladi Mahmoud A. , Inman Mark D. , Stämpfli Martin R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe previously showed that granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) breaks tolerance induction. The objective of this study was to determine whether GM‐CSF breaks established inhalation tolerance. To induce tolerance, BALB/c mice were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) for 10 consecutive days. A control group was exposed to saline. Subsequently, tolerant and control animals were exposed to OVA in a GM‐CSF‐enriched airway microenvironment. Tolerant animals, unlike control animals, did not develop airway and peripheral blood eosinophilia, had diminished levels of OVA‐specific IgE, and reduced airway hyper‐responsiveness. While tolerant animals did not express IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13, levels of the regulatory cytokines IL‐10, IFN‐γ and transfoming growth factor (TGF)‐β were similar between tolerant and non‐tolerant animals. Lung CD4+ T cells were activated according to CD69, CD25 and T1/ST2 expression, but systemic responses characterized by splenocyte proliferation and Th2 effector function were dramatically reduced. Concurrent expression of GM‐CSF and decorin, a natural inhibitor of TGF‐β, reversed eosinophilic unresponsiveness. Our study suggests that the breakdown of tolerance and, by extension, the emergence of eosinophilic inflammation, requires two signals: one that triggers sensitization and one that interferes with negative regulation. Moreover, our study shows that dysregulated expression of an extracellular matrix protein may break established tolerance and lead to eosinophilic airway inflammation.
Frontline: Interferon regulatory factor‐1 as a protective gene in intestinal inflammation: role of TCR γ δ T cells and interleukin‐18‐binding protein
Authors: Siegmund Britta , Sennello Joseph A. , Lehr Hans A. , Senaldi Giorgio , Dinarello Charles A. , Fantuzzi Giamila 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe transcription factor IFN regulatory factor‐1 (IRF‐1) regulates production and activity of many inflammatory mediators and cells. Here, we investigated the role of IRF‐1 in intestinal inflammation using clinical and histologic scores; inflammatory mediators were also measured in colonic tissue. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was administered to wild‐type (WT) or IRF‐1 knockout (KO) mice. DSS or TNBS led to a dramatic increase in lethality and colitis severity in IRF‐1 KO compared with WT mice. Reduced levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐18‐binding protein (IL‐18BP) were observed in the colon of IRF‐1 KO mice, whereas levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, phosphorylated STAT‐3, chemokines, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐15, and IL‐18 were not significantly changed. Intestinal inflammation was not altered in IFN‐γ KO mice or in WT mice given neutralizing anti‐IFN‐γ antibodies, but was increased in mice lacking TCR γ δ lymphocytes, a population significantly decreased in the intestine of IRF‐1‐deficient mice. Administration of IL‐18BP reversed the increased susceptibility of IRF‐1 KO mice to DSS. These results suggest a protective role for IRF‐1 in intestinal inflammation, with a possible anti‐inflammatory and/or restorative role. IL‐18BP and TCR γ δ cells appear to be critical factors inthe anti‐inflammatory effects of IRF‐1.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200425351
Integration and independent acquisition of specialized skin‐ versus gut‐homing and Th1 versus Th2 cytokine synthesis phenotypes in human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Colantonio Lucia , Rossi Barbara , Constantin Gabriela , D'Ambrosio Daniele 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCD4+ T helper cells are heterogeneous in terms of tissue‐specific homing and cytokine synthesis phenotypes. The mechanisms for the acquisition of tissue‐specific homing phenotypes and their relationship with the attainment of polarized cytokine synthesis profiles of T cells are critically important but poorly understood. Here, we analyze the coordinate acquisition of Th1 versus Th2 cytokine (IFN‐γ vs. IL‐4) and skin‐ versus gut‐homing (CLA vs. integrin β7) phenotypes in human CD4+ T cells. We show that the acquisition of skin‐ versus gut‐homing T cell phenotypes is independent of Th1 versus Th2 cell fate determination and that it occurs in relation to cell cycle progression following instructive mechanisms and distinct kinetics. Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 correlates with the acquisition of Th1 versus Th2 rather than skin‐ versus gut‐homing phenotypes. These findings, together with the skewed overlap observed in vivo between CLA vs. integrin β7 and IL‐4 vs. IFN‐γ expression, suggest a novel interpretation to the complex patterns of chemokine receptor expression on memory T cells.