bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a predictive nomogram for postembolization syndrome after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bai Jinfeng , Huang Ming , Zhou Jinmei , Song Bohan , Hua Jianjie , Ding Rong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPost-embolization syndrome (PES) is a frequent complication after receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but only a few studies have focused on the factors influencing PES in those patients. In this study, the impact factors of PES were explored and a nomogram was constructed to predict the occurrence of PES in HCC patients with TACE. This was a retrospective cohort study of HCC patients who underwent TACE obtained from the third affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 1, 2020, and September 1, 2022. T‑test and Chi‑square test were used to search for factors influencing PES occurrence, and then the nomogram was further established based on multivariable logistic regression analysis. Validation of the predictive nomogram was also evaluated by calibration curve, concordance index (C-index), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The enrolled patients (n = 258) were randomly assigned to the primary cohort (n = 180) and validation cohort (n = 78) in a 7:3 ratio. Among 180 patients in the primary cohort, 106 (58.89%) experienced PES. TACE types (P = 0.015), embolization degree (P = 0.008), and tumor number (P = 0.026) were identified as predictors by the logistic regression analysis and were used to develop the predictive nomogram. The internally validated and externally validated C-indexes were 0.713 and 0.703, respectively. The calibration curves presented good consistency between actual and predictive survival. Types of embolic agents, embolization degree, and tumor number were found to be the predictors of PES after TACE. The nomogram could reliably predict PES in HCC patients with TACE. This predictive model might be considered for clinical practice.
Association of serum and hair antioxidant minerals with an oxidative stress marker in relation with characteristics of healthy adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kang Yoo-Ree , Sung Mi-Kyung , Baik Hyun-Wook , Choi Mi-Kyeong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExcess oxidative stress generated in the body causes various types of cellular damage, including DNA damage. Certain trace minerals act as antioxidants by functioning as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. This study was conducted to evaluate the serum and hair concentrations of major antioxidant trace minerals (zinc, manganese, selenium, and chromium) and to determine the association between the oxidative stress marker urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum or hair antioxidant trace mineral concentrations, according to the general characteristics of healthy adults. Study participants were selected after screening, and 108 participants aged 19–69 years were finally included. Serum and hair trace mineral concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and urine 8-OHdG levels were quantified using an ELISA kit. Results showed that urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in exercisers than in those who did not exercise. Correlation analysis revealed that urinary 8-OHdG was negatively correlated with hair zinc in participants over 60 years of age and with poor health status, and positively correlated with hair chromium in participants with irregular dietary habits. In conclusion, these results suggest that urinary 8-OHdG is particularly correlated with hair zinc and chromium levels. Additional large-scale epidemiological studies are needed to generally confirm these findings.
Experimental study on the freezing process of water droplets for ice air jet technology
Authors: Jingru Hu , Jingbin Li , Zhongwei Huang , Kang Cheng , Haojun Xia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIce air jet technology is one non-destructive, residue-free and environmentally friendly machining process. It is an efficient method to form ice particles by atomizing water droplets in ultra-low temperature environment. The freezing characteristics of water droplets in cryogenic gas and liquid nitrogen environment are visually analyzed, and the effects of droplet volume, ambient temperature are also studied. The results show that when water droplets freeze in a cryogenic gas environment, four distinct stages are observed, namely pre-cooling stage, recalescence stage, solidification stage, and deep cooling stage. However, when water droplets freeze in liquid nitrogen, the recalescence stage cannot be observed. For a 5 µl water droplet, it takes 68 s for water droplets to freeze into ice particles at − 20.36 °C, while it takes only 1.7 s in liquid nitrogen. During the freezing process, the water droplets form an ice shell outside and freeze inwardly. Ice particles may break up due to differences in solubility and density. With the increase of volume the time spent on pre-cooling stage and freezing stage both increases. For the large latent heat of water phase transformation, the solidification stage time is greatly affected by the volume of water droplets. When the ambient temperature drops from − 10.67 °C to − 24.68 °C, the freezing time of 5 µl water droplets decreases by 45.5%, indicating that the ambient temperature has a great influence on the freezing time. The results of the study can significantly contribute to the development of ice air jet technology.
Fungicide ingestion reduces net energy gain and microbiome diversity of the solitary mason bee
Authors: Porras Mitzy F. , Raygoza Garay Juan Antonio , Brought Malachi , López–Londoño Tomas , Chautá Alexander , Crone Makaylee , Rajotte Edwin G. , Phan Ngoc , Joshi Neelendra K. , Peter Kari , Biddinger David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFungicides are frequently used during tree fruit bloom and can threaten insect pollinators. However, little is known about how non-honey bee pollinators such as the solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons, respond to contact and systemic fungicides commonly used in apple production during bloom. This knowledge gap limits regulatory decisions that determine safe concentrations and timing for fungicide spraying. We evaluated the effects of two contact fungicides (captan and mancozeb) and four translaminar/plant systemic fungicides (cyprodinil, myclobutanil, penthiopyrad, and trifloxystrobin) on larval weight gain, survival, sex ratio, and bacterial diversity. This assessment was carried out using chronic oral ingestion bioassays where pollen provisions were treated with three doses based on the currently recommended field use dose (1X), half dose (0.5X), and low dose (0.1X). Mancozeb and penthiopyrad significantly reduced larval weight and survival at all doses. We then sequenced the 16S gene to characterize the larvae bacteriome of mancozeb, the fungicide that caused the highest mortality. We found that larvae fed on mancozeb-treated pollen carried significantly lower bacterial diversity and abundance. Our laboratory results suggest that some of these fungicides can be particularly harmful to the health of O. cornifrons when sprayed during bloom. This information is relevant for future management decisions about the sustainable use of fruit tree crop protection products and informing regulatory processes that aim to protect pollinators.
Supercapacitor‐based coordinated synthetic inertia scheme for voltage source converter‐based HVDC integrated offshore wind farm
Authors: Zhu Jiebei , Shi Meiqi , Yu Lujie , Zhao Junbo , Bu Siqi , Chung Chi Yung , Booth Campbell D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA supercapacitor‐based coordinated synthetic inertia (SCSI) scheme for a voltage source converter‐based HVDC (VSC‐HVDC)‐integrated offshore wind farm (OWF) is proposed. The proposed SCSI allows the OWF to provide a designated inertial response to an onshore grid. Under the SCSI scheme, a supercapacitor is added to the DC side of each wind turbine generator via a bidirectional DC/DC converter, varying its voltage along with the offshore frequency to synthesise the desired inertial response. The HVDC grid side VSC employs a DC voltage/frequency droop control to convey the onshore frequency information to DC voltage without communication. Meanwhile, the wind farm side VSC regulates the offshore frequency to couple with the conveyed onshore frequency, considering voltage drop across the DC cables. An offshore frequency switching algorithm is incorporated to avoid undesired SCSI maloperation under offshore faults. The key parameters of the proposed SCSI are optimised through a small signal stability analysis. The effectiveness of the SCSI scheme is evaluated using a modified IEEE 39‐bus test system. The results show that the proposed SCSI scheme can provide required inertial support from WTG‐installed supercapacitors to the onshore grid through the VSC‐HVDC link, significantly improving the onshore frequency stability.
Impact of EV charging on electrical distribution network and mitigating solutions – A review
Authors: Nutkani Inam , Toole Hamish , Fernando Nuwantha , Andrew Loh Poh Chiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRapidly increasing uptake of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is expected to have a significant impact on electrical power distribution networks. Considerable work has been carried out to understand this impact and quantify the distribution networks hosting capacity, with and without network management solutions. However, the current body of knowledge does not have a comprehensive review of the research done to‐date on this topic which is vital to understand the scope of the existing studies, the data used in analysing the impact, and, most importantly, the findings. A comprehensive yet focused review of impact of EV charging on distribution networks is presented by delving into the main factors restricting EV hosting capacity and the strategies used to maximise EV hosting capacity by managing the aforementioned impacts. The authors comprehensively summarise the approaches used to quantify the impact, network and data types, and the proposed solutions to increase network hosting capacity. Moreover, the shortcomings in the existing work are identified and recommendations for future research are provided to help stakeholders understand the current state‐of‐the‐art, make informed decisions, and to be considered by future researchers.
Polarized signatures of orbiting hot spots: Special relativity impact and probe of spacetime curvature
Authors: Vincent F. H. , Wielgus M. , Aimar N. , Paumard T. , Perrin G. 
Published: February 2024

Context. The Galactic Center supermassive black hole is well known to exhibit transient peaks of flux density on a daily basis across the spectrum. Recent infrared and millimeter observations have strengthened the case for the association between these flares and circular orbital motion in the vicinity of the event horizon. The strongly polarized synchrotron radiation associated with these events leads to specific observables called QU loops, that is, looping motion in the Stokes QU plane of linear polarization. These patterns have been observed by the Submillimeter Array, VLTI/GRAVITY, and ALMA.
Aims. We want to deepen the understanding of the QU loops associated with orbiting hot spots. To this end, we computed such loops in Minkowski and Schwarzschild spacetimes in order to determine which aspects of the observed patterns are due to special- or general-relativistic phenomena.
Methods. We considered a parcel of energized plasma in circular motion in Minkowski spacetime and in Keplerian orbit in the Schwarzschild spacetime. We computed, using the GYOTO ray-tracing code, the polarized radiative transfer associated with this orbiting hot spot and derived the evolution of the flux density, astrometry, and Stokes Q and U parameters.
Results. We show that QU loops in Minkowski spacetime at low or moderate inclination i ≲ 45° (where i = 0° is a face-on view) share all the qualitative features of Schwarzschild QU loops. There exist QU loops for all setups considered (including for the face-on view and vertical magnetic field), there may be one or two QU loops per orbital period for a vertical magnetic field configuration, and there are always two QU loops in case of a toroidal magnetic field. The simplicity of Minkowski spacetime is a key asset for allowing us to provide analytical formulas that explain the details of this behavior. Moreover, we analyzed the flux variation of the hot spot and show that it is dictated either by the angular dependence of the radiative transfer coefficients or by relativistic beaming. In the former case, this can lead to extreme flux ratios, even at a moderate inclination. Finally, we highlight the increasing mirror asymmetry of the Schwarzschild QU track with increasing inclination and show that this behavior is a specific Schwarzschild feature caused by light bending.
Conclusions. Although special-relativistic effects have not been extensively discussed in this context, they are a crucial part in generating the observed QU loops. However, general-relativistic light bending leads to a specific observable feature encoded in the asymmetry of the observed loops, and this feature might allow the spacetime curvature to be quantified.
Hämatologie in der pädiatrischen Praxis
Authors: Génevaux Franziska , Barucija Ajla , Hierdeis Kilian , Hock Louisa , Eber Stefan 
Published: February 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAnämien sind heterogen und vielfältig, daher werden besonders seltene Anämieformen häufig unterdiagnostiziert. Eine ausführliche Diagnostik im klinischen Alltag ist deshalb notwendig. Zum Ausschluss häufiger Anämieursachen sollten immer eine eingehende klinische Anamnese und Diagnostik mit der Suche nach Infektionen oder Tumoren, Hämolysezeichen und Coombs-Test erfolgen. Als Differenzialdiagnose bei verändertem Blutbild muss auch an ein malignes Geschehen gedacht werden. Nur durch das Ausschließen zahlreicher Differenzialdiagnosen lassen sich seltene Anämien detektieren und adäquat behandeln.Die Eisenmangelanämie ist die häufigste Anämieform, die sich mit einer mikrozytären, hypochromen Anämie im Blutbild präsentiert. Ursache ist entweder eine zu geringe Zufuhr, eine schwache Absorption (zum Beispiel bei Zöliakie) oder eine vermehrte Ausscheidung von Eisen. Therapeutisch kann eine orale Therapie mit Fe2+ (Ferrosanol-Tropfen/Kapseln) eingeleitet werden und bei schwerer, therapieresistenter Eisenmangelanämie sollte eine Eisentransfusion in Erwägung gezogen werden.Bei der Sichelzellerkrankung kommt es zu mehr oder weniger schweren Gefäßverschlüssen, chronischer Hämolyse und Infektbereitschaft durch funktionelle Asplenie. Eine Prophylaxe mit Hydroxycarbamid kann Sichelzellkrisen vorbeugen, die einzig kausale Therapie ist die allogene Stammzellentransplantation.Die hereditäre Sphärozytose und der Pyruvatkinase-Mangel sind in Mitteleuropa die häufigsten, genetisch bedingten chronischen hämolytischen Anämien. Bei diesen beiden Erkrankungen ist durch einfache hämatologische Untersuchungen eine Unterteilung in verschiedene Schweregrade der Erkrankung möglich. Diese Einteilung erlaubt eine prognostische Aussage über den zu erwartenden klinischen Verlauf und die Einleitung einer adäquaten Therapie. Als erste kongenitale hämolytische Anämie kann der Pyruvatkinase-Mangel molekular durch Mitapivat behandelt werden. Dieser Therapieversuch sollte vor der Splenektomie erfolgen. Bei der Sphärozytose sollte eine nahezu totale Splenektomie (NTS) der vollständigen Splenektomie vorgezogen werden, da dadurch die immunologische Milzfunktion erhalte werden kann.Weitere wichtige Anämien sind die Autoimmunhämolytischen Anämien (AIHA). Sie werden durch eine Bildung von Antikörpern gegen Antigene auf autologen Erythrozyten charakterisiert. Die zwei häufigsten Vertreter sind die durch Wärme- und Kälteantikörper ausgelösten AIHA. Therapeutisch können Steroide und bei Steroidresistenz Immunsuppressiva angewandt werden.Renale Anämien sind sehr selten und treten bei Kindern mit chronischem Nierenversagen, meist als Folge kongenitaler Nephropathien, auf. Es sollten einerseits die Verbesserung der Nierenfunktion, andererseits die Stimulation der Erythropoese als therapeutische Ansätze erwogen werden.
Breastfeeding Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Data
from the CRONOS Registry
Authors: Longardt Ann Carolin , Zöllkau Janine , Mand Nadine , Wowretzko Feline , Büchel Johanna , Andresen Kristin , Hoyer Bimba Franziska , Kraft Katrina , Pecks Ulrich ,   Collaborating authors
Published: February 2024

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease are thought to have an impact on
breastfeeding rate – besides other known peripartal issues. Data of the
national CRONOS registry regarding breastfeeding behavior in 6,746 women was
analyzed regarding the time window between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and
time of delivery. In addition, other influencing factors like the predominant
viral variant, maternal disease severity, and gestational age at delivery were
taken into account. Our data suggest that within the variables analyzed, in the
case of acute maternal infection (<14 days before birth), breastfeeding
behavior improved with increasing gestational age at birth (p<0.0001),
with less severe maternal illness (p<0.0001) and as the pandemic
progressed with less virulent viral variants (p=0.01). When adjusting
for COVID-19-associated and non-associated factors, rooming-in remains the most
important factor positively influencing breastfeeding behavior. With regards to
the benefits for mother and infants from breastfeeding, a separation of mother
and child even in case of infectious settings should be avoided.
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy and its Management with the Dual-Release Formulation of Doxylamine and Pyridoxine
Authors: Schleußner Ekkehard , Jäkel Susan , Keck Christoph , Kuhlmann Kirsten , Mangler Mandy , Paulus Wolfgang E. , Eiblwieser Johanna , Steeb Theresa , Regidor Pedro-Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is among the most common conditions that pregnant women encounter in the early stages of pregnancy. It can affect up to 85% of pregnant women, thus representing a significant public health concern. NVP results in substantial negative physical, emotional, and financial consequences. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis remains elusive. Few guidelines have been published; however, several interventions exist for the symptomatic treatment of NVP.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of modern treatment strategies of NVP with a special focus on the recently approved dual-release formulation of the doxylamine and pyridoxine combination. This combination was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2016 for the treatment of NVP when conservative management fails, and it has been introduced to the American market in April 2018.The maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of doxylamine and pyridoxal-5-phosphate
is reached 3.5 h and 15 h, respectively, after administration of one tablet twice daily,
or 4.5 h and 0.5 h, respectively, when one tablet is administered just once
daily.In addition, the delayed-release combination allows sufficient levels of doxylamine and the
active metabolite pyridoxal-5-phosphate in the systemic circulation, providing symptoms
relief in the subsequent morning.Hence, the dual-release formulation can improve the quality of life of pregnant women
suffering from NVP. Additionally, large epidemiological trials have shown no increased
risk of adverse effects to newborns, demonstrating that its use is not
teratogenic.
Neues zum Behçet-Syndrom
Authors: Xenitidis Theodoros , Henes Jörg Christoph 
Published: February 2024

Was ist neu?
Immunpathogenese und Genetik Auch beim BS (Behçet-Syndrom) spielt die Neutrophilen-
(Hyper-)Aktivierung und die daraus hervorgehende NETosis eine wichtige Rolle.
Klinische Befunde Neben den 4 Kardinalsymptomen – nämlich rezidivierende orale Aphthen, genitale Aphthen sowie Haut- und Augenläsionen – bietet das Krankheitsbild zahlreiche weitere Manifestationen, die häufig eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit erfordern. Dies gilt neben der Augenbeteiligung, die bei inadäquater Behandlung immer noch zur Erblindung führen kann, insbesondere auch für intestinale und zerebrale Manifestationen sowie für die Großgefäß-Vaskulitis.
Therapie Eine letzte Überarbeitung der EULAR-Empfehlungen erfolgte 2018. Die Empfehlungen sind mittlerweile als wichtiger Behandlungsleitfaden international etabliert. Die Therapie richtet sich nach der führenden Organbeteiligung. Nachdem 2016 Adalimumab eine Zulassung für die Behandlung der hinteren Augenbeteiligung erhielt, steht mit Apremilast seit 2020 ein weiterer Wirkstoff zur Verfügung. Empfohlen wird das Medikament für die Behandlung rezidivierender oraler Aphthen bei erwachsenen Behçet-Patienten, die einer systemischen Therapie bedürfen. Es besteht dennoch ein weiterer Bedarf an neuen Substanzen.
Synthesis of Amides and Peptides by Employing [4-(Acetylamino) phenyl]imidodisulfuryl Difluoride (AISF) as a Coupling Reagent
Authors: Bharamawadeyar Swetha , Chetankumar Eti , Srinivasulu Chinthaginjala , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new synthetic approach for the preparation of amides and peptides containing amino acids as well as aryl acids and amines by employing [4-(acetylamino)phenyl]imidodisulfuryl difluoride (AISF) as a carboxylic acid activator under mild conditions is delineated. The use of AISF as an acid activator allows the reaction to be performed efficiently. This operationally simple amidation is amenable to a wide variety of carboxylic acids and Nα-protected amino acids. Further, racemization did not occur during the coupling. In addition, a gram-scale reaction is demonstrated.
Gustav Peter Bucky: An Engineer in the Service of Health
Authors: Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Panas-Goworska Marta , Glaser Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the German radiologist Gustav Peter Bucky who invented the Bucky diaphragm grids. He wanted to become an engineer but bowed to his parents' wishes and went to medical school. By using his technical skills, he made revolutionary contributions to the early X-ray technique.
Integrating the humanities and the social sciences: six approaches and case studies
Authors: Case Brendan , VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe social sciences are still young, and their interaction with older siblings such as philosophy and theology is still necessarily tentative. This paper outlines three ways in which humanistic disciplines such as philosophy and theology might inform the social sciences and three in which the social sciences might inform the humanities in turn, proceeding in each case by way of brief “case studies” to exemplify the relation. This typology is illustrative rather than exhaustive, but each of its halves nonetheless roughly tracks the development of a research project in the social sciences and humanities, respectively. In the first direction, (1) the humanities can help the social sciences identify new directions and scope for their inquiry; (2) provide conceptual clarity for constructs that the social sciences elect to study; and (3) enrich & clarify the interpretation of empirical results. Moving in the opposite direction, the social sciences can help (4) furnish new data for humanistic reflection; (5) confirm (or challenge) claims from the humanities; and (6) develop and assess interventions for achieving the goods highlighted by humanistic inquiry.