bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Environment-Related Technology, Structural Change, and Globalization on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Evidence from Top Twenty Emitter Countries
Authors: Altaee Hatem Hatef Abdulkadhim , Azeez Saya Jamal 
Published: November 2023

The issues of environmental degradation, climate change, and rising temperatures are a real and growing concern for humanity at the level of individuals, groups, and societies. Reducing greenhouse gas is an important element for nations to achieve their ambitious climate-resilient growth goals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of environment-related technology, structural change, income, and globalization on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the top twenty emitter countries from 1997 to 2019. To this end, this study has applied the new and widely used method of moment quantile regression (MMQREG) to permit the estimation of relationships across the distribution of an outcome. In order to test the reliability of the benchmark estimation results, this article uses three different methods for robust testing, the PCSE, FGLS and the linear regression with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors. The main findings of this paper show that environment-related technology, structural change, and globalization helps to boost ecological quality. Moreover, there is strong evidence on the existence of an N shape EKC. Based on the findings of this paper, governments should encourage investment in environment related technology and post the transition to services-based economies.
Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Modernleşmesinde Milliyetçiliğin İşlevi
Authors: ÖZÜÇETİN Yaşar , KARAKAYA Onur Kaan 
Published: November 2023

İşlevsel boyutta büyük bir öneme sahip olan Türk milliyetçiliği, millî birlik ve beraberlik duygusu ile ülkenin bağımsızlığını güçlendirmiş ve modern devletin oluşumunda rol oynamıştır. Cumhuriyet’in ilânıyla birlikte Türk toplumu, yeni bir kimlik arayışına girmiş ve milliyetçilik bu hususta belirleyici olmuştur.
Farklı etnik, dinî ve kültürel gruplar Türk milleti olarak adlandırılmış ve aidiyet esas alınmıştır. Türk milletinin tarihi, dili ve kültürü gibi temel dinamikleri referans alınıp toplumun ortak amaç doğrultusunda topyekûn hareketi söz konusu olmuştur.
Çağın ihtiyaçlarına uygun refleks gösterilmiş, modern, çağdaş ve laik saikler üzerine, ihtivası millet olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti inşa edilmiştir. Benimsenen modern çizgi, siyasal ve kültürel alanda birtakım değişikliklere yol açmışsa da modernleşme, milliyetçilik ve batılılaşma kavramları birbiriyle bütünleşmiştir. Türk medeniyetini, geri kalmışlıktan kurtarmak amacıyla, Türk adet, örf, vb. ihlali söz konusu olmaksızın Batı’nın referansıyla birlikte, Türk kimliğinin modernliği ve çağdaşlığı vurgulanmıştır.
Modernleşme kavramı ve millet bilincinin idrakıyla toplumun ortak paydayla hareket edebilmesi kolaylaşmış ve sağlıklı toplum görüntüsü mümkün hâle gelmiştir. Milliyetçilikle modernleşme arasındaki organik bağ, Batı endeksli; kültürel, endüstriyel, bilimsel bir gelişmeyi ifade etmiş, kurulan millî devletin varlığı ve vizyonu Batı ve modernizmiyle eşleşmiştir.
Modernizmin, millî devlet yapısıyla ilişkilendirilmesi, milliyetçiliğin Türk toplumundaki önemini arttıran bir etken olmuştur. Milliyetçiliğin Türk toplumunda görmüş olduğu kabulün, ileri medeniyetler içerisinde yer alabilmesine dolayısıyla meşruî bir kazanıma yol açmıştır.
Türkiye'de Tarım Politikaları Ve Çiftçiyi Topraklandırma Kanunu
Authors: ORTAK Şaban 
Published: November 2023

Osmanlı Devleti'nin yerine zor bir kuruluş geçiren Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti'nin önünde önemli sorunlar bulunmaktaydı. Bunlardan bir tanesi de; çiftçilikle uğraşan kesimin önemli bir kısmının ailesini geçindirecek kadar toprağa sahip olmamasıydı. Dönemine göre modern, pratikte avantajlı ve oldukça karmaşık bir toprak yönetimi uygulayan Osmanlı Devleti'nden yeni devlete miras kalan sorunlardan birisi de toprak mülkiyeti meselesi idi. Tımar sistemi, onun bozulmasıyla geçilen iltizam sistemi toprak mülkiyeti konusunu daha karmaşıklaştırmıştı. Buna çözüm bulmak için çıkarılan Arazi Kanunnamesi tam olarak halledememiştir.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduğunda bu kanunname yürürlükteydi ve iş ve işlemler buna göre yürütülmekteydi. Nüfusun neredeyse dörtte üçünün tarımla uğraştığı bir ülkede, ailesini geçindirecek kadar toprağa sahip olan kişi sayısı maalesef oldukça düşüktü. Yeni devleti idare edenler hem tarımı modernleştirmek ve hem de çiftçilikle uğraşanlara yeterince toprak dağıtmak durumundaydılar.
Zaman zaman hazine arazisi olan yerlerden köylülere belli miktarda toprak dağıtılması için çalışılmışsa da yeterli olamamıştı. 1937 yılında yapılan Anayasa değişikliğinde topraksız köylüye toprak dağıtılması hususu da Anayasaya girmişti. Fakat, Atatürk'ün ölümü ve hemen arkasından başlayan II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde buna dair kanun çıkarılamamıştır. 1945 yılında Milli Şef İsmet Paşa'nın girişimi ile kanun çıkarılabilmiştir. Ancak gerek tek parti döneminde CHP içinden bu kanuna muhalefet ve gerekse çok partili hayata geçişte kurulan partilerin bu uygulamaya karşı çıkışı bu konuda yeterince mesafe alınmasını engellemiştir. Özellikle de bu kanuna karşı çıkıp daha sonra CHP'den ayrılarak Demokrat Parti'yi kuran kadro, 1946-1950 arasında muhalefet partisi olarak eleştirilerini devam ettirmiştir. CHP iktidarında yeterince ilerleme sağlanamaması bir tarafa bırakılırsa, hele 14 Mayıs 1950 seçimleri ile DP'nin iktidara gelmesi ile çiftçiyi topraklandırma uygulaması sekteye uğramıştır. Sonraki dönemde zaman zaman gündeme gelse de, çiftçilikle uğraşanların ailesini geçindirecek kadar arazi sahibi olmaları hususunda tam olarak başarılı olunamamıştır.
Automatic segmentation of mandibular canal using transformer based neural networks
Authors: Lv Jinxuan , Zhang Lang , Xu Jiajie , Li Wang , Li Gen , Zhou Hengyu 
Published: November 2023

Accurate 3D localization of the mandibular canal is crucial for the success of digitally-assisted dental surgeries. Damage to the mandibular canal may result in severe consequences for the patient, including acute pain, numbness, or even facial paralysis. As such, the development of a fast, stable, and highly precise method for mandibular canal segmentation is paramount for enhancing the success rate of dental surgical procedures. Nonetheless, the task of mandibular canal segmentation is fraught with challenges, including a severe imbalance between positive and negative samples and indistinct boundaries, which often compromise the completeness of existing segmentation methods. To surmount these challenges, we propose an innovative, fully automated segmentation approach for the mandibular canal. Our methodology employs a Transformer architecture in conjunction with cl-Dice loss to ensure that the model concentrates on the connectivity of the mandibular canal. Additionally, we introduce a pixel-level feature fusion technique to bolster the model’s sensitivity to fine-grained details of the canal structure. To tackle the issue of sample imbalance and vague boundaries, we implement a strategy founded on mandibular foramen localization to isolate the maximally connected domain of the mandibular canal. Furthermore, a contrast enhancement technique is employed for pre-processing the raw data. We also adopt a Deep Label Fusion strategy for pre-training on synthetic datasets, which substantially elevates the model’s performance. Empirical evaluations on a publicly accessible mandibular canal dataset reveal superior performance metrics: a Dice score of 0.844, click score of 0.961, IoU of 0.731, and HD95 of 2.947 mm. These results not only validate the efficacy of our approach but also establish its state-of-the-art performance on the public mandibular canal dataset.
Identification of runner fatigue stages based on inertial sensors and deep learning
Authors: Chang Pengfei , Wang Cenyi , Chen Yiyan , Wang Guodong , Lu Aming 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Running is one of the most popular sports in the world, but it also increases the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to establish a modeling approach for IMU-based subdivided action pattern evaluation and to investigate the classification performance of different deep models for predicting running fatigue.Methods: Nineteen healthy male runners were recruited for this study, and the raw time series data were recorded during the pre-fatigue, mid-fatigue, and post-fatigue states during running to construct a running fatigue dataset based on multiple IMUs. In addition to the IMU time series data, each participant’s training level was monitored as an indicator of their level of physical fatigue.Results: The dataset was examined using single-layer LSTM (S_LSTM), CNN, dual-layer LSTM (D_LSTM), single-layer LSTM plus attention model (LSTM + Attention), CNN, and LSTM hybrid model (LSTM + CNN) to classify running fatigue and fatigue levels.Discussion: Based on this dataset, this study proposes a deep learning model with constant length interception of the raw IMU data as input. The use of deep learning models can achieve good classification results for runner fatigue recognition. Both CNN and LSTM can effectively complete the classification of fatigue IMU data, the attention mechanism can effectively improve the processing efficiency of LSTM on the raw IMU data, and the hybrid model of CNN and LSTM is superior to the independent model, which can better extract the features of raw IMU data for fatigue classification. This study will provide some reference for many future action pattern studies based on deep learning.
A cultural atlas of vocal variation: yellow-naped amazons exhibit contact call dialects throughout their Mesoamerican range
Authors: Genes Molly K. , Araya-Salas Marcelo , Dahlin Christine R. , Wright Timothy F. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionVocal dialects are a taxonomically widespread phenomenon which are typically only studied in a portion of a species’ range. Thus, it is difficult to infer whether a geographic pattern of vocal dialects observed in one part of a species’ range are typical across the range or whether local conditions influence their presence or absence. We examined the yellow-naped amazon, Amazona auropalliata, a parrot species with remarkable vocal learning capabilities. Although this species’ native range spans across Mesoamerica, only Costa Rican populations have been evaluated long-term. Previous studies have shown that these populations have geographically and temporally stable vocal dialect patterns. Without data on populations outside of Costa Rica, it is impossible to know whether vocal dialects are present in northern range populations, and whether they show similar geographic structure to southern range populations.IntroductionWe recorded yellow-naped amazon contact calls at 47 different sites across the species’ range between 2016 and 2019 and evaluated them for the presence of dialects. We visually classified 14 contact call types based on spectrographic similarity and used spectrographic cross-correlation, principal component analysis, and Mantel-based spatial autocorrelations to assess acoustic similarity; we also evaluated the robustness of our findings using simulated data. Results and DiscussionThe results from our study show that the vocal patterns previously seen in Costa Rica are also present in northern populations, supporting our hypothesis that this species has vocal dialects throughout its Mesoamerican range. Call types were regionally specific (e.g., vocal dialects occurred) across the range, and no call types were repeated across multiple regions. We did, however, observe distinctive structural characteristics that are found in multiple call types, suggesting that different call types stem from a common origin. Alternatively, similarity in the acoustic features of call types may also be a result of physiological and anatomical features that are common to all members of the species. Vocal dialects in this species are likely maintained through a tendency toward philopatry and matching call types to enhance social identification.
Dynamics of mitochondrial membranes under photo-oxidative stress with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Loriette Vincent , Fragola Alexandra , Kruglik Sergei G. , Sridhar Susmita , Hubert Antoine , Orieux François , Sepulveda Eduardo , Sureau Franck , Bonneau Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

In our study, we harnessed an original Enhanced Speed Structured Illumination Microscopy (Fast-SIM) imaging setup to explore the dynamics of mitochondrial and inner membrane ultrastructure under specific photo-oxidation stress induced by Chlorin-e6 and light irradiation. Notably, our Fast-SIM system allowed us to observe and quantify a distinct remodeling and shortening of the mitochondrial structure after 60–80 s of irradiation. These changes were accompanied by fusion events of adjacent inner membrane cristae and global swelling of the organelle. Preceding these alterations, a larger sequence was characterized by heightened dynamics within the mitochondrial network, featuring events such as mitochondrial fission, rapid formation of tubular prolongations, and fluctuations in cristae structure. Our findings provide compelling evidence that, among enhanced-resolution microscopy techniques, Fast-SIM emerges as the most suitable approach for non-invasive dynamic studies of mitochondrial structure in living cells. For the first time, this approach allows quantitative and qualitative characterization of successive steps in the photo-induced oxidation process with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution.
Validity of a Patient Communication Scale
Authors: Quinn Joann Farrell , Khalid Nikita , Albright Glenn 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSince the 1960s, standardized patients (SPs) have been used to prepare medical students for clinical work for these patients provide a controlled domain for learners. Specifically, these type of formative experiences provide a low stakes environment for practice and feedback, thereby increasing learner comfort in communicating with patients. Communication is the cornerstone of patient care, and it is well-established as a core clinical competency for medical students by numerous medical boards, associations, and accreditation agencies. While methods for communication training are of paramount importance, no validated scales assess the impact of these trainings on patient-provider communication where measures are based on attitudinal constructs that predict behavior, such as self-efficacy and preparedness. Thus, the aim of this study is to validity of a Patient Communication Scale (PCS) using an online virtual role-play training simulation.MethodTo validate the scale, 117 medical students were administered the PCS survey before and after completing a professional development virtual role-play simulation where they practiced motivational interviewing skills, talking to a patient who insists on antibiotics for a viral infection.ResultsA confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor model based on the subscales of preparedness and self-efficacy. Factor loadings showed all items correlated highly with theoretical constructs (r ≥ 0.902, p &lt; 0.001). The PCS had high internal consistency (α = 0.916). Because there is a lack of scales that have been used to assess medical student as well as medical practitioner patient communication capabilities, specifically their preparedness and self-efficacy, criterion-related validity was not assessed. Convergent, content and construct validity were established.ConclusionThe Patient Communication Scale appears to be a valid tool in measuring the impact of online patient-provider communication skills training and holds promise for assessing other delivery methods.
The 18-year risk of cancer, angioedema, insomnia, depression, and erectile dysfunction in association with antihypertensive drugs: post-trial analyses from ALLHAT–Medicare linked data
Authors: Du Xianglin L. , Martinez Journey , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Simpson Lara M. , Davis Barry R. 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the 18-year risk of cancer, angioedema, insomnia, depression, and erectile dysfunction in association with antihypertensive drug use.MethodsThis is a post-trial passive follow-up study of Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) participants between 1994 and 1998 that was conducted by linking their follow-up data with Medicare claims data until 2017 of subjects who were free of outcomes at baseline on 1 January 1999. The main outcomes were the occurrence of cancer (among n = 17,332), angioedema (among n = 17,340), insomnia (among n = 17,340), depression (among n = 17,330), and erectile dysfunction (among n = 7,444 men) over 18 years of follow-up.ResultsThe 18-year cumulative incidence rate of cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer from Medicare inpatient claims was 23.9% for chlorthalidone, 23.4% for amlodipine, and 25.3% for lisinopril. There were no statistically significant differences in the 18-year risk of cancer, depression, and erectile dysfunction among the three drugs based on the adjusted hazard ratios. The adjusted 18-year risk of angioedema was elevated in those receiving lisinopril than in those receiving amlodipine (hazard ratio: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14–2.33) or in those receiving chlorthalidone (1.33, 1.00–1.79), whereas the adjusted 18-year risk of insomnia was statistically significantly decreased in those receiving lisinopril than in those receiving amlodipine (0.90, 0.81–1.00).ConclusionsThe 18-year risk of angioedema was significantly higher in patients receiving lisinopril than in those receiving amlodipine or chlorthalidone; the risk of insomnia was significantly lower in patients receiving lisinopril than in those receiving amlodipine; and the risk of cancer, depression, and erectile dysfunction (in men) was not statistically significantly different among the three drug groups.
Relationship between quadriceps muscle computed tomography measurement and motor function, muscle mass, and sarcopenia diagnosis
Authors: Mizuno Takafumi , Matsui Yasumoto , Tomida Makiko , Suzuki Yasuo , Ishizuka Shinya , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Takemura Marie , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Shimokata Hiroshi , Imagama Shiro , Otsuka Rei , Arai Hidenori 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe quadriceps muscle is one of the human body’s largest and most clinically important muscles and is evaluated using mid-thigh computed tomography (CT); however, its relationship with motor function and sarcopenia remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps muscle, CT attenuation value (CTV), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry muscle mass measurements, and muscle strength and motor function to evaluate the relationship between muscle mass loss and motor function decline, determine the diagnostic ability for sarcopenia, and confirm the usefulness of quadriceps muscle CT evaluation.MethodsA total of 472 middle-aged and older community dwellers (254 men and 218 women) aged ≥40 years (mean age: 62.3 years) were included in this study. The quantity and quality of the quadriceps muscle were assessed using CSA and CTV (CSA×CTV) as a composite index multiplied by quality and quantity. Age-adjusted partial correlations by sex with eight motor functions (knee extension muscle strength, power, normal walking speed, fast walking speed, grip strength, sit-up ability, balance ability, and reaction time) were evaluated, including correction methods for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Further, the accuracy of sarcopenia diagnosis was evaluated using appendicular muscle mass with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements, grip strength, and walking speed as the gold standard, and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate diagnostic performance.ResultsIn men, CSA and CSA×CTV were significantly associated with seven of the eight motor functions (p&lt;0.05), excluding only balance ability. BMI-corrected CSA was significantly correlated with all eight motor functions in men and women (p&lt;0.05). In the diagnosis of sarcopenia based on skeletal muscle index, CSA (area under the curve (AUC) 0.935) and CSA×CTV (AUC 0.936) and their correction by height (CSA/height (AUC 0.917) and CSA×CTV/height (AUC 0.920)) were highly accurate and useful for diagnosis in men but moderately accurate in women (CSA (AUC 0.809), CSA×CTV (AUC 0.824), CSA/height (AUC 0.799), CSA×CTV/height (AUC 0.814)).ConclusionThe present results showed that a single CT image of the quadriceps muscle at the mid-thigh is useful for diagnosing sarcopenic changes, such as loss of muscle mass, muscle weakness, and muscle function.
Association of HMGCR inhibition with rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization and colocalization study
Authors: Ma Li , Du Yufei , Ma Chao , Liu Ming 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibition and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) and genetic colocalization analyses.MethodsTwo sets of genetic instruments were employed to proxy HMGCR inhibitors: expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of target genes from the eQTLGen Consortium and genetic variants associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with HMGCR locus from open genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Positive control analyses were conducted on type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease, and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsGenetically proxied expression of eQTL was associated with a lower risk of RA (OR=0.996, 95% CI =0.992–0.999, p= 0.032). Similarly, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)-mediated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively associated with risk of RA (OR=0.995, 95% CI =0.991–0.998, p= 0.007) in the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Colocalization analysis suggested a 74.6% posterior probability of sharing a causal variant within the SNPs locus (PH4 = 74.6%). A causal relationship also existed between HMGCR-mediated LDL and RA risk factors. The results were also confirmed by multiple sensitivity analyses. The results in positive control were consistent with the previous study.ConclusionOur study suggested that HMGCR inhibition was associated with an increased risk of RA while also highlighting an increased risk of current smoking and obesity. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence regarding the adverse effects of HMGCR inhibition on RA risk, calling for further research on alternative approaches using HMGCR inhibitors in RA management.