bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of brown adipose tissue transplantation and engineering as a thermogenic therapy in obesity and metabolic disease
Authors: Quan Yuping , Lu Feng , Zhang Yuteng 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is emerging as an attractive therapy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the long‐term efficacy and safety of clinical pharmaceutical agents have yet to be fully characterized. The transplantation of brown adipose tissue represents an alternative approach that might have a therapeutic effect by inducing a long‐term increase in energy expenditure. However, limited tissue resources hinder the development of transplantation. Stem cell‐based therapy and brown adipose tissue engineering, in addition to transplantation, represent alternative approaches that might resolve this problem. In this article, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and applications of brown adipose tissue transplantation in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Specifically, the induction of brown adipocytes and the fabrication of engineered brown adipose tissue as novel transplantation resources have long‐term effects on ameliorating metabolic defects in rodent models. Additionally, we explore future prospects regarding the development of three‐dimensional engineered brown adipose tissue and the associated challenges.
Eight Arguments for First‐Person Realism
Authors: Builes David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAccording to First‐Person Realism, one's own first‐person perspective on the world is metaphysically privileged in some way. After clarifying First‐Person Realism by reference to parallel debates in the metaphysics of modality and time, I survey eight different arguments in favor of First‐Person Realism.
The first autopsy case of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive marginal zone lymphoma that deteriorated after COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Muto Reiji , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Aoki Mikiko , Uesugi Noriko , Murayama Hiroyuki , Masutani Kosuke , Hamasaki Makoto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis is the first autopsy case of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive marginal zone lymphoma (EBV + MZL) with an other iatrogenic immunodeficiency‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) (methotrexate [MTX]‐associated LPD) that deteriorated after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccine. This case had a unique immunophenotype. A 71‐year‐old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving MTX presented with fatigue 1 week after the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. She was hospitalized due to hepatorenal dysfunction and pancytopenia. Computed tomography revealed systemic lymphadenopathy. Her physical condition deteriorated, and the patient died. The autopsy revealed systemic lymphadenopathy comprising medium‐sized atypical lymphocytes and scattered Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (H/RS)‐like cells. An immunohistochemical examination showed that atypical lymphocytes were positive for CD79a and MUM‐1 and some were positive for CD20 and IRTA‐1. H/RS‐like cells were immunoreactive for CD30 and CD15 and ringed by T cells. Both cell types were positive for EBV‐encoded small RNA. The majority of H/RS‐like cells were positive for CD20, whereas a small number of CD3‐positive cells were admixed. We herein presented the first autopsy case of EBV + MZL that deteriorated after the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination.
Drivers of changes in child nutritional conditions: A panel data‐based study on Indonesian households, 1997–2014
Authors: Lo Bue Maria C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing panel data from Indonesia, this paper analyzes short and long‐term drivers of nutritional conditions among children aged 0–15 years. I estimate a Mundlak model in order to better account for the relatively larger “between” variation that is found in the data, and to control for endogeneity biases that may arise due to the correlation of unobserved heterogeneity and observed explanatory variables. As results suggest, children with older, more experienced mothers, and those breastfed, exhibit improved height outcomes, aligning with existing research on breastfeeding's positive health effects. While prior research emphasized the importance of maternal education, this study reveals that, once accounting for father's education, the long‐term effect of the mother's education loses statistical significance. Finally, the findings of this study suggest that household wealth and access to adequate sanitation facilities strongly affect short ‐and long‐run improvements in children anthropometric outcomes.
Predator–prey model with sigmoid functional response
Authors: Su Wei , Zhang Xiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe sigmoid functional response in the predator–prey model was posed in 1977. But its dynamics has not been completely characterized. This paper completes the classification of the global dynamics for the classical predator–prey model with the sigmoid functional response, whose denominator has two different zeros. The dynamical phenomena we obtain here include global stability, the existence of the heteroclinic and homoclinic loops, the consecutive canard explosions via relaxation oscillation, and the canard explosion to a homoclinic loop among others. As we know, the last one is a new dynamical phenomenon, which has never been reported previously. In addition, with the help of geometric singular perturbation theory, we solve the problem of connection between stable and unstable manifolds from different singularities, which has not been well settled in the published literature.
Alone yet accountable, the unseen buffers: A qualitative study of nurses' experiences working in home care during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Førsund Linn Hege , Schumacher Evelyn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundNorwegian society's resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in low mortality rates and moderate economic decline. The accessible primary healthcare system played a vital role in this, especially in the care of elderly and chronically ill patients. However, nurses in home care experienced emotional burdens, ethical dilemmas and limited access to protective equipment. These challenges were overshadowed by media coverage of hospital struggles, and municipal home care services were oddly absent from post‐pandemic reports. This research therefore aimed to explore and describe how nurses experienced working in home care during the pandemic.MethodsWe designed a qualitative study and conducted semi‐structured interviews with nine home care nurses from different municipalities in Southeast Norway. Systematic text condensation inspired by Malterud was employed for data analysis.ResultsNurses' experiences were described through two categories: ‘adapting approaches’ and ‘adapting work practices’. The results showed how nurses often felt alone while simultaneously shouldering a significant responsibility for patients facing a novel and unfamiliar illness. The pandemic necessitated treating patients in their own homes to minimise infection risks, intensifying the nurses' treatment responsibilities. Furthermore, limited access to medical expertise and physical separation from management due to remote work accentuated feelings of isolation and amplified the nurses' responsibility for patient care. Additionally, the nurses encountered frequent changes in work routines, demanding adaptability.ConclusionThis study underscores the significant role of home care nurses, who, despite feeling professionally isolated and unsupported, demonstrated impressive adaptability. They served as a crucial buffer in the healthcare system, ensuring vulnerable individuals received essential care. This highlights the importance of a robust primary healthcare system with a skilled nursing workforce that can work autonomously, shoulder responsibility, and make clinical decisions, even when medical expertise is less readily available. It also reminds us that healthcare preparedness depends on collaborative efforts across all sectors.
The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective
Authors: Sowula Jakub , Gehrig Franziska , Scruggs Lyle A. , Seeleib‐Kaiser Martin , Ramalho Tafoya Gabriela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article highlights the limitations of unidimensional analyses in the comparative welfare state literature and emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs and outcomes. To illustrate the utility of a multidimensional approach, we examine the long‐term welfare state trajectories of Sweden and Germany, prototypical social‐democratic and conservative welfare states, respectively, and compare them against the baseline of Europe's prototypical liberal welfare state, the United Kingdom. The social spending (expenditure) and output (generosity) allowed us to identify significant changes in the Swedish welfare state (i.e., retrenchment). The outcome dimension alerts us to a policy drift in the German Welfare State, as relatively stable public spending and welfare generosity until the first half of the 2000s were nonetheless associated with sharply increased inequality and poverty. Overall, our findings suggest that a holistic, multidimensional approach is necessary to fully understand the complexities of welfare state change and continuity, as focusing solely on one dimension can lead to analytical misjudgments. The sharp rise in inequality and poverty across countries raises doubts about whether policymakers and researchers rely too much on outdated assumptions of normality that fail to meet the welfare state realities of today.
The incidence of transfusion‐related acute lung injury using active surveillance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: White Sandra K. , Walker Brandon S. , Schmidt Robert L. , Metcalf Ryan A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a leading cause of transfusion‐related mortality. A concern with passive surveillance to detect transfusion reactions is underreporting. Our aim was to obtain evidence‐based estimates of TRALI incidence using meta‐analysis of active surveillance studies and to compare these estimates with passive surveillance.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting TRALI rates. A search of Medline and Embase by a research librarian identified studies published between January 1, 1991 and January 20, 2023. Prospective and retrospective observational studies reporting TRALI by blood component (red blood cells [RBCs], platelets, or plasma) were identified and all inpatient and outpatient settings were eligible. Adult and pediatric, as well as general and specific clinical populations, were included. Platelets and plasma must have used at least one modern TRALI donor risk mitigation strategy. A random effects model estimated TRALI incidence by blood component for active and passive surveillance studies and heterogeneity was examined using meta‐regression.ResultsEighty studies were included with approximately 176‐million blood components transfused. RBCs had the highest number of studies (n = 66) included, followed by platelets (n = 35) and plasma (n = 34). Pooled TRALI estimates for active surveillance studies were 0.17/10,000 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.03–0.43; I2 = 79%) for RBCs, 0.31/10,000 (95% CI: 0.22–0.42; I2 = <1%) for platelets, and 3.19/10,000 (95% CI: 0.09–10.66; I2 = 86%) for plasma. Studies using passive surveillance ranged from 0.02 to 0.10/10,000 among the various blood components.DiscussionIn summary, these estimates may improve a quantitative understanding of TRALI risk, which is important for clinical decision‐making weighing the risks and benefits of transfusion.
Chebyshev potentials, Fubini–Study metrics, and geometry of the space of Kähler metrics
Authors: Jin Chenzi , Rubinstein Yanir A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Chebyshev potential of a Hermitian metric on an ample line bundle over a projective variety, introduced by Witt Nyström, is a convex function defined on the Okounkov body. It is a generalization of the symplectic potential of a torus‐invariant Kähler potential on a toric variety, introduced by Guillemin, that is a convex function on the Delzant polytope. A folklore conjecture asserts that a curve of Chebyshev potentials associated to a subgeodesic in the space of positively curved Hermitian metrics is linear in the time variable if and only if the subgeodesic is a geodesic in the Mabuchi metric. This is classically true in the special toric setting, and in general Witt Nyström established the sufficiency. The main obstacle in the conjecture is that it is difficult to compute Chebyshev potentials, that are currently only known on the Riemann sphere and toric varieties. The goal of this article is to disprove this conjecture. To that end we characterize the geodesics consisting of Fubini–Study metrics for which the conjecture is true on the hyperplane bundle of the projective space. The proof involves explicitly solving the Monge–Ampère equation describing geodesics on the subspace of Fubini–Study metrics and computing their Chebyshev potentials.
Quantitative rates of convergence to equilibrium for the degenerate linear Boltzmann equation on the torus
Authors: Evans Josephine , Moyano Iván 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe study the linear relaxation Boltzmann equation on the torus with a spatially varying jump rate which can be zero on large sections of the domain. In Bernard and Salvarani (Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 208 (2013), no. 3, 977–984), Bernard and Salvarani showed that this equation converges exponentially fast to equilibrium if and only if the jump rate satisfies the geometric control condition of Bardos, Lebeau and Rauch. Han‐Kwan and Léautaud showed a more general result for linear Boltzmann equations under the action of potentials in different geometric contexts, including the case of unbounded velocities. In this paper, we obtain quantitative rates of convergence to equilibrium when the geometric control condition is satisfied, using a probabilistic approach based on Doeblin's theorem from Markov chains.
Impaired cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity at high altitude in prematurely born adults
Authors: Manferdelli Giorgio , Narang Benjamin J. , Bourdillon Nicolas , Giardini Guido , Debevec Tadej , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPremature birth impairs cardiac and ventilatory responses to both hypoxia and hypercapnia, but little is known about cerebrovascular responses. Both at sea level and after 2 days at high altitude (3375 m), 16 young preterm‐born (gestational age, 29 ± 1 weeks) and 15 age‐matched term‐born (40 ± 0 weeks) adults were exposed to two consecutive 4 min bouts of hyperoxic hypercapnic conditions (3% CO2–97% O2; 6% CO2–94% O2), followed by two periods of voluntary hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia. We measured middle cerebral artery blood velocity, end‐tidal CO2, pulmonary ventilation, beat‐by‐beat mean arterial pressure and arterialized capillary blood gases. Baseline middle cerebral artery blood velocity increased at high altitude compared with sea level in term‐born (+24 ± 39%, P = 0.036), but not in preterm‐born (−4 ± 27%, P = 0.278) adults. The end‐tidal CO2, pulmonary ventilation and mean arterial pressure were similar between groups at sea level and high altitude. Hypocapnic cerebrovascular reactivity was higher at high altitude compared with sea level in term‐born adults (+173 ± 326%, P = 0.026) but not in preterm‐born adults (−21 ± 107%, P = 0.572). Hypercapnic reactivity was altered at altitude only in preterm‐born adults (+125 ± 144%, P < 0.001). Collectively, at high altitude, term‐born participants showed higher hypocapnic (P = 0.012) and lower hypercapnic (P = 0.020) CO2 reactivity compared with their preterm‐born peers. In conclusion, exposure to high altitude revealed different cerebrovascular responses in preterm‐ compared with term‐born adults, despite similar ventilatory responses. These findings suggest a blunted cerebrovascular response at high altitude in preterm‐born adults, which might predispose these individuals to an increased risk of high‐altitude illnesses.
imageKey points
Cerebral haemodynamics and cerebrovascular reactivity in normoxia are known to be similar between term‐born and prematurely born adults.
In contrast, acute exposure to high altitude unveiled different cerebrovascular responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia and hypocapnia. In particular, cerebral vasodilatation was impaired in prematurely born adults, leading to an exaggerated cerebral vasoconstriction.
Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to both hypo‐ and hypercapnia at sea level and at high altitude were similar between control subjects and prematurely born adults. Other mechanisms might therefore underlie the observed blunted cerebral vasodilatory responses in preterm‐born adults at high altitude.
Aerodynamic Analysis of Low-Pressure Axial Fans Installed in Parallel
Authors: Ghosh Debarshee , Andersson Niklas , Etemad Sassan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ducted rotor-only low-pressure axial fans play an integral role in automotive thermal management. The tightly packed under-hood region and down-stream heat-exchanger shape limit the fan diameter. In order to circumvent this limitation, multiple cooling fans of small diameters are tightly packaged and placed in parallel. Currently, there is limited scientific work, that study the aerodynamics of low-pressure axial fans when installed in parallel. This work aims to quantify the aerodynamic performance and the flow-field as a result of installing low-pressure axial fans in parallel through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Publicly available experimental data from Friedrich-Alexander University is used for the validation of the numerical setup. Three-dimensional, full-annulus, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) analysis has been performed for both a single-fan and two-fans installed in parallel and their respective aerodynamic performance has been compared for the operation condition identified as the best efficiency point in experiments. Only small differences are observed in the overall aerodynamic performance of the two-fans in parallel compared to a single-fan. A circumferential nonuniformity in the form of a local high-pressure zone at the inlet of the fan is observed when the two-fans are placed in parallel. The resulting circumferential nonuniformity is quantified, both in space and time. A strong correlation is found between the pressure fields of the two-fans installed in parallel.
Studying the Effects of Shoulder Dystocia and Neonate-Focused Delivery Maneuvers on Brachial Plexus Strain: A Computational Study
Authors: Iaconianni Joy A. , Balasubramanian Sriram , Grimm Michele J. , Gonik Bernard , Singh Anita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this computational study was to investigate the effects of neonate-focused clinical delivery maneuvers on brachial plexus (BP) during shoulder dystocia. During shoulder dystocia, the anterior shoulder of the neonate is obstructed behind the symphysis pubis of the maternal pelvis, postdelivery of the neonate's head. This is managed by a series of clinical delivery maneuvers. The goal of this study was to simulate these delivery maneuvers and study their effects on neonatal BP strain. Using madymo models of a maternal pelvis and a 90th-percentile neonate, various delivery maneuvers and positions were simulated including the lithotomy position alone of the maternal pelvis, delivery with the application of various suprapubic pressures (SPPs), neonate in an oblique position, and during posterior arm delivery maneuver. The resulting BP strain (%) along with the required maternal delivery force was reported in these independently simulated scenarios. The lithotomy position alone served as the baseline. Each of the successive maneuvers reported a decrease in the required delivery force and resulting neonatal BP strain. As the applied SPP force increased (three scenarios simulated), the required maternal delivery force and neonatal BP strain decreased. A further decrease in both delivery force and neonatal BP strain was observed in the oblique position, with the lowest delivery force and neonatal BP strain reported during the posterior arm delivery maneuver. Data obtained from the improved computational models in this study enhance our understanding of the effects of clinical maneuvers on neonatal BP strain during complicated birthing scenarios such as shoulder dystocia.
Design Optimization of Blade Tip in Subsonic and Transonic Turbine Stages—Part II: Flow Physics and Augmented Aerothermal Integral Objective Function
Authors: Duan P. H. , He L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In Part I, a companion paper of the two-part article, a subsonic turbine stage and a transonic one conditioned at the same Reynolds number, flow coefficient, loading coefficient and reaction, but two different exit Mach numbers are designed to provide a direct contrast between a high-subsonic and a transonic flow conditioning for rotor blade squealer tips. In this paper as Part II, further analyses are carried out to address the main issues of interest arising from Part I: first, to identify the driving flow physical mechanisms for the contrasting aerodynamic efficiency sensitivities of the two stages; second to seek a more suitable heat transfer objective function for the tip aerothermal design optimization, given the seemingly strong conflicts among those conventionally adopted heat transfer objective functions. Two counter-rotating tip vortical structures, the pressure side vortex (PSV) and the casing-driven cavity vortex (CCV), are shown to impact the aero-performance differently between the two stages. For the subsonic stage, the leakage flow is strongly affected by a stronger residual PSV at the squealer cavity exit. For the transonic stage however, the tip choking in limiting the over tip leakage (OTL) mass flow and favorable pressure gradient in a transonic flow over a separation bubble led to a much stronger and more persistent CCV and thus lower aero-effectiveness of squealer tip for the transonic stage. The two vortices also show major heat transfer signatures on the cavity surfaces by impingement. For the PSV, the impingement impact is mainly on the cavity floor. For the CCV, on the other hand, its impact is mainly on the inner side-wall of the suction side rim. The latter is found to be mainly responsible for the overall linear variations of the heat load with the squealer height. Again, the relative strength between PSV and CCV serves as an effective differentiator in the heat transfer performance. The stronger and more persistent CCV in the transonic stage results in a strong signature on a large portion of the suction side cavity inner sidewall, thus a much higher increment in heat transfer with the squealer height than that for the subsonic stage. In seeking to establish a more consistent heat transfer objective function for combined aerothermal design and optimization, a coolability weighted nonuniformity parameter is proposed to integrate the local heat transfer and the coolability. The proposed objective function is shown to lead to consistent Pareto fronts for the combined aerothermal performance sensitivities, particularly for the present cases with strong heat transfer nonuniformity which are particularly challenging to those conventional treatments as shown in Part I. The coolability-augmented objective function should thus serve as an enabler to help practical applications of blade tip aerothermal design optimizations.