bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eumelus
Authors: Mccabe Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eumelus is probably the earliest of the hippiatric authors in the compilation, but can only be dated in relation to Apsyrtus, who made use of his work. Eumelus’ treatise appears to be the earliest text in Greek to have been devoted solely to the veterinary treatment of horses and cows; however, it does not represent an innovation, but rather an offshoot from the tradition of agricul-tural manuals in Greek and Latin. Striking instances of word-for-word cor-respondence with Columella, Pelagonius, and Anatolius illustrate Eumelus’ dependence upon the agricultural tradition, and imply that he copied his source or sources without much alteration.
Apsyrtus
Authors: Mccabe Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is no accident that Apsyrtus’ treatise was chosen to be the foundation of the Hippiatrica. Not only is it the most extensive work on horse-medicine in Greek, but its relation both to earlier and to later firiters makes his treatise the axis, so to speak, through which nearly all surviving Greek and Latin veterinary texts are linked. Although its content is based upon firitten agricultural and medical tradition, Apsyrtus interacts with those traditions, citing his predecessors with criticism or with praise, and adding discoveries of his own.
The Compilation and Evolution of the Hippiatrica
Authors: Mccabe Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The text of the Hippiatrica contains no clear indication of the circumstances in which it was compiled. When, where, or why; by whom, at whose command: all these questions are left unanswered. The compiler appears to have done his job discreetly, leaving no signature in the text—unless such a signature has been lost in the process of transmission.
Serial Verb Constructions in Goemai
Authors: Hellwig Birgit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses serial verb constructions in Goemai, a West Chadic language (Afroasiatic, Chadic, West Chadic A, Angas-Goemai, Southern Branch) spoken in the Jos Plateau area of Central Nigeria. Although serialization is not a typical feature of Chadic languages, it is sometimes argued that many present-day deictic particles, spatial prepositions, and directional verbal extensions can be traced back to the serialization of motion verbs (Frajzyngier 1987a, 1987b, 1987c). The motivation for this type of serialization is said to lie in the semantics of Chadic verbs and prepositions: while parameters such as source, goal, or path are commonly lexicalized in verbs, prepositions do not differentiate between them. That is, in order to indicate the directionality of any event, the verb coding the main event has to combine with a motion verb, for example in the form of a serial structure. Alternatively, serialization may have originated from language contact: so far, it is only attested in present-day Chadic languages that are spoken in contact areas. For example, in the Jos Plateau area, long-term contact has led to the establishment of a Sprach-bund in which Chadic and Benue-Congo languages share numerous lexical and grammatical features —including serialization (Gerhardt and Wolff 1977; Hoffmann 1970; Jungraithmayr 1963b). These two scenarios —retention of serial structures from proto-Chadic and contact-induced development —arenot necessarily mutually exclusive.
Outline of Metaphysics
Authors: Hampshire Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Ethics is divided into five parts, of which the first is entitled Concerning God. The Definitions, Axioms and Propositions with which the book begins must not be regarded, in spite of the geometrical arrangement, solely as the ultimate premises from which the later propositions are deduced; and no one should allow himself to be discouraged from reading further because he cannot understand or accept the very first definitions and propositions of this first part.
Knowledge and Intellect
Authors: Hampshire Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I will first recapitulate in order to place Spinoza’s theory of knowledge in the framework of his metaphysics. Descartes had conceived reality as divided into the two causally independent compartments of Thought and Extension. Within the world of thought he conceived a human mind as ‘a created thinking substance’ (substantia cogitans creata); an individual mind is a ‘thinking thing’ (ens cogitans).
Appendix: Life
Authors: Hampshire Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Apart from the small remnant of his correspondence, there are three sources for the story of Spinoza’s life: the editor’s short preface to his posthumous works, a short and inaccurate contemporary biography ascribed to Lucas, and a longer and later life by Colerus, based on testimony and reminiscence at second hand. Spinoza deliberately effaced his own personality and wished his philosophy to stand alone.
Skepticism and Toleration: The Case of Montaigne
Authors: Curley E M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Essays of Montaigne, Richard Sayce writes that Montaigne presents in an acute form the dichotomy of post-Renaissance Europe, between Christian religion and classical culture ... In him classical humanism, relativism, scepticism, indifference, combine to produce his most positive contribution to religious thought, the toleration which released western man from at least one source of savagery and fanaticism.
Cause and Reason: Is There an Occasionalist Structure to Malebranche’s Philosophy
Authors: Bardout Jean-Christophe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contrary to Descartes or Spinoza, Malebranche, much like Leibniz, does not begin from a unique starting point, such as the cogito or Natura Naturans. Rather, there seems to be a variety of legitimate means of entry into his system, as the composition and the internal structure of his works attest. Thus, De la recherche de la verite starts with an analysis of the faculties of the mind in order to determine with respect to each of them what are the causes of error, while the Traite de la nature et de la grace begins by examining the modalities of divine action in the natural world, in order subsequently to study the world of grace and its laws. If the Conversations chretiennes establish, first, the impotence of the human being without God, the development of the Meditations chretiennes and the Entretiens sur la metaphysique are organized according to the definition and the primacy of a metaphysics understood as a ‘general science’ or doctrine of the principles of knowledge, for the sake of considering, finally, the ‘particular sciences’ that are subordinate to this general science.
Problems in the History of Fictionalism
Authors: Rosen Gideon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To a first approximation, fictionalism about a region of discourse is defined by three basic contrasts: As against the instrumentalist or the non-cognitivist, the fictionalist maintains that claims made within the discourse are genuine representations of how things stand, and that they are therefore normally capable of truth and falsity. As against one sort of reductionist, the fictionalist maintains that the language of the discourse is to be interpreted ‘at face value’. Claims made within the discourse genuinely imply what they are most naturally taken to imply. So if the theory seems to say, for example, that every person has a guardian angel in heaven, then the theory is true only if the angels in heaven really exist.
Metaphor and Prop Oriented Make-Believe
Authors: L.Walton Kendall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dolls and hobby horses are valuable for their contributions to make-believe. The same is true of paintings and novels. These and other props stimulate our imaginations and provide for exciting or pleasurable or interesting engagements with fictional worlds. A doll, in itself just a bundle of rags or a piece of moulded plastic, comes alive in a game of make-believe, providing the participant with a (fictional) baby. What in real life is a mere stick enables a child fictionally to ride around on a horse, the better to chase bandits or stray cattle. Paint on canvas and print on paper lead us into exciting worlds of mystery, romance, and adventure and guide our travels through them.
Fictionalist Attitudes about Fictional Matters
Authors: Nolan Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A pressing problem for many non-realist theories concerning various specific subject matters is the challenge of making sense of our ordinary propositional attitude claims related to the subject in question. Famously in the case of ethics, to take one example, we have in ordinary language prima facie ascriptions of beliefs and desires involving moral properties and relationships. In the case, for instance, of’Jason believes that Kylie is virtuous’, we appear to have a belief which takes Kylie to be a certain way. If Jason desires that Kylie acts as she ought, he appears to have a desire which has as its content that Kylie perform actions of a certain sort (that is, the actions that she ought to perform).
Visual Conceptual Art
Authors: Currie Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are sometimes urged to see artworks, movements, and styles as connected by narrative. A strong formulation of this view has it that these narratives play a role in determining what is to count as art; something is art partly in virtue of the narratives that link it to already established members of the kind (see e.g. Carroll 1993). But we need not accept the strong view in order to think that art historical narratives are important for our understanding of the particular works they connect. For such narratives provide answers to questions about how the works in question came to be made, and understanding a work of art is not separable from understanding its making (Currie 1989).
Conceptual Art and Knowledge
Authors: Goldie Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Art need not, and often does not, set out to have aesthetic value. This seems true, most of all, of conceptual art; some conceptual artists even produce artworks that, as David Davies has said, ‘seem designed to repel rather than seduce one who approaches them with an aesthetic intent’. But if art does not have aesthetic value, then what other kind of artistic value might it aspire to? One possibility is cognitive value, and many conceptual artists (often precisely those who eschew aesthetic value) do claim to produce works with significant cognitive value; roughly speaking, they hold that we can gain substantial knowledge from their artworks.
Calendar And Chronology 1686-1700
Authors: Mckenzie D F , Bell Maureen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dr O[wen] W[ynne] to Sir William Trumbull in Paris, enclosing something he may already have seen; ‘a hundred only were printed and given to the hand which ordered it. You will easily guess this is much valued by some men who run away with it as the opinion of the late King because found in his closet and handwriting, though it seems to be but that of some other d[elivere]d to the King .. .’ [Italics in cipher. Trumbull XXIII, 3] HMC s 75 (Downshire I), 95-6 Whitehall Warrant to Thomas Atterbury, messenger, to go to Walsingham, Norfolk, and take into custody for examination by Sir Roger I.:Estrange or the Earl of Sunderland a person suspected of involvement in the late rebellion on notice from Sir Christopher Calthorp.
The Fallacy of Epistemicism
Authors: Cargile James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There exists an infinite series, the natural numbers, such that any property which is possessed by 0 and by the successor of any number that has it, is possessed by all the numbers. This is equivalent to the Least Number Principle(LNP): for all m and n,m&lt;n,If mhas a propterty F and n does not, then is an i,m≤n, uch that i is F and i + 1 is not—a ‘‘breakpoint’’ in the series for F. Some of us believe we can see that this is true by the light of pure reason. The ancient Sophists made light of this ‘light’. It seems that LNP has instances that are absurd. 1 may name an obvious pile of sand. Removing one grain seems to make no difference to being a pile. There must of course be some difference if we are to have separate entries. But you cannot have a pile of sand if one grain removal (without also spreading out the rest or some such trick) results in not having such a pile. And yet n removals leave, not a pile, but only one grain. LNP seems to entail some removal must have made a difference after all, contrary to ‘‘common sense’’.
Scepticism, Rationalism, and Externalism
Authors: Weatherson Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is about three of the most prominent debates in modern epistemology. The conclusion is that three prima-facie appealing posi-tions in these debates cannot be held simultaneously. The first debate is scepticism vs. anti-scepticism. My conclusions apply to most kinds of debates between sceptics and their opponents, but I will focus on the inductive sceptic, who claims we cannot come to know what will happen in the future by induction. This is a fairly weak kind of scepticism, and I suspect many philosophers who are generally anti- sceptical are attracted by this kind of scepticism. Still, even this kind of scepticism is quite unintuitive. I am pretty sure I know (1) on the basis of induction.
Perspectives, Fictions, Errors, Play
Authors: Blackburn Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a climate in which the idea of ‘fictionalism’ as a philosophy of this or that is flourishing, it is natural to salute Nietzsche as an honourable ancestor. For Nietzsche’s work is shot through with references to the fictions which in his view make up at least a part of the machinery with which the mind copes with its world. The notion of fictions stands alongside the three other words in my title, in apparent amity— at least, it often seems to be a lottery whether Nietzsche will announce any particular one of them as the key to some diagnosis of our situation, or some recommendation for the men of the future.
Methodology
Authors: Ravelhofer Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lawyer Justinian Pagitt was a punctilious dancer. Not a little troubled by the thought that choreographies are easily forgotten if not continually practised, he noted in his Liber Miscellaneorum (1633): ‘Write the marks for the stepps in every daunce under the notes of the tune, as the words are in songs.’ Based on such statements, and on the circulation of dance repertoire in manuscript and print, critics propose that dance was learnt by doing and writing in early Stuart England. This is a possibility. (A dual approach based on text and movement is certainly adopted in modern classes of early dance repertoire where students watch and imitate an instructor; note-taking or the consultation of a written or printed choreography may occur.) Yet no evidence confirms note-taking during masque rehearsals.
Theatre Dances
Authors: Ravelhofer Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a rare consensus, early modern theorists shared the belief that the more animated and gesticulatory a performance, the more histrionic and undignified it was. As such views occur in many sources regardless of period and region, they probably respond to a deep-rooted understanding of a ‘dignified’ ‘slow’ movement category in Western culture. The idea pervades not only dance tracts of the fifteenth century, sixteenth-century conduct books, and anti-theatrical treatises, but also the iconography of medieval and Renaissance rulers (preferably depicted motionless), where we may distinguish between imperious gestus and histrionic gesticulatio .¹
Discipline or Pleasure?
Authors: Ravelhofer Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What was early dance like before choreographers started writing about it? Many dance historians hold that it afforded innocent pleasure whose origins are now lost in the mists of time. Round dancing belonged to the catalogue of egalitarian, ‘participatory’, and ‘improvisational’ medieval pastimes, untainted by taxonomy. Later, however, Renaissance and Baroque choreographers deprived the dancing individual of jouissance . No longer ‘mimesis’ in which action and spirit were one, courtly performance turned into mere ‘mimicry’. The gestures of the elite, we learn, were ‘suppressed’ as dancing ‘moved out of the oral tradition and, progressively codified... and transcribed, into literate culture’.
Practical Knowledge and the Poetics of Geometry
Authors: Turner Henry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is difficult to decide between the two definitions of mathematics; the one by its method, that of drawing necessary conclusions; the other by its aim and subject matter, as the study of hypothetical states of things. The former makes or seems to make the deduction of the consequences of hypotheses the sole business of the mathematician as such. But it cannot be denied that immense genius has been exercised in the mere framing of . . . general hypotheses . . . Perhaps the answer should be that, in the first place, whatever exercise of intellect may be called for in applying mathematics to a question not propounded in mathematical form [it] is certainly not pure mathematical thought; and in the second place, that the mere creation of a hypothesis may be a grand work of poietic genius, but cannot be said to be scientific, inasmuch as that which it produces is neither true nor false, and therefore is not knowledge.
Sir Philip Sidney and the Practical Imagination
Authors: Turner Henry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the question of the construction of a port at Ostia came up for discussion, had not the orator to state his views? And yet it was a subject requiring the technical knowledge of the architect... Will he not deal with measurements and figures? And yet we must admit that they form part of mathematics. For my part I hold that practically all subjects are under certain circumstances liable to come up for treatment by the orator.
Noun, Foot, and Measured Line
Authors: Turner Henry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Line is a right consecutive imagination in length, beginning at a poynt, and endeth also at a point, but it hath no bredth.( Sebastiano Serlio, The Five Books of Architecture, 1611)Since Bacon, the recurring dream of the scientist has been not simply of comprehensive classification and taxonomy, nor of technological mastery over the world and its objects, but a dream of mimesis: a dream of representing natural phenomena, accurately and in the fullness of their objectivity, in the service of theoretical abstraction, reason, and absolute law.
Theatre as a Spatial Art
Authors: Turner Henry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Maisenfiledrame? S ‘il a, chez l ‘auteur, sa fulgurante origine, c ‘est à lui de capter cette foudre et d ‘organiser, à partir de l ‘illumination qui montre le vide, une architecture verbale—c ‘est-à-diregrammaticale et cérémoniale— indiquant sournoisement que de ce vide s ‘arrache une
The Topographic Stage
Authors: Turner Henry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My intent is not here to prosecute at large the Plotting of Grounds, being a thing handled by others, treating of Surveying, but. I shall crave leave todigresse a little to shew this use of it, as briefly as I may. make a Booke in along Octavo, and. having taken and set down your notes in the Field on theleft sides or Pages of your Booke.
Ben Jonson ‘s Scenography
Authors: Turner Henry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
the writers of these dayes are other thing not only their manners, but their natures are inverted; and nothing remayning with them of the dignitie of Poet, but the abused name, which every Scribe usurps: that now, especially in dramatick, or (as they terme it) stage-poetrie, nothing but ribaldry, profanation, blasphemy, all licence of offence to god, and man, is practis ‘d.
Introduction
Authors: Wallace R Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moral philosophy has turned increasingly to topics in moral psychology and the theory of normativity in recent years. But there are very different ways of approaching both of these clusters of issues. Some philosophers treat moral psychology as a largely empirical domain, dedicated to the description and explanation of human thought, emotion, and behavior, through methods that are broadly continuous with those of the sciences. The moral psychologist, on this conception, tries to get clear about what people are like as a matter of fact, ignoring for these purposes normative questions about how people ought to behave or what it would be valuable for them to do.
Max Black’s Objection to Mind–Body Identity
Authors: Block Ned 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his famous article advocating mind–body identity, J. J. C. Smart (1959) considered an objection (Objection 3) that he says he thought was first put to him by Max Black. He says ‘‘it is the most subtle of any of those I have considered, and the one which I am least confident of having satisfactorily met’’. This argument, the ‘‘Property Dualism Argument,’’ as it is often called, turns on much the same issue as Frank Jackson’s (1982, 1986) ‘‘Knowledge Argument’’, or so I will argue. This chapter is aimed at elaborating and rebutting the Property Dualism Argument (or rather a family of Property Dualism Arguments) and drawing some connections to the Knowledge Argument. I will also be examining John Perry’s (2001) book which discusses both Max Black’s argument and the Knowledge Argument, and some arguments drawn from Stephen White’s (1983) paper on the topic and some arguments inspired by unpublished papers by White.
Ballooning parrots and semi-lunar germs
Authors: Read Andrew F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pillow talk first introduced me to The Selfish Gene. I remember the scene quite vividly, perhaps because of the weather. Sun was streaming into the room and it was exceptionally warm; in New Zealand’s southernmost university town, such mornings were rare. I was a second year zoology undergraduate and my then girlfriend was majoring in English literature. I was a great deal more interested in her than in literature, but on this particular morning she told me about a weird biology book she’d had as a set text. I was surprised that a biology book would appear in a literature course, but she said that it was used to discuss the role of metaphor and then said, I believe without irony, that the author proposed that genes had emotions. We both laughed at this lunacy, and I suggested that she should read a sensible evolutionary thinker like Stephen Jay Gould.
Selfish Genes and Information Flow
Authors: Deutsch David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Along with countless other people, I had been labouring under some significant misconceptions before I relearned the theory of evolution from Richard Dawkins’ book The Selfish Gene. Many of my own interests have concerned information flow— how information gets from one place to another and how it changes from one form into another. I did not always think of it in these terms at the time, but, for example, one of the fields in which I have worked is the ‘parallel-universes’ interpretation of quantum theory. It says that the universe that we see around us is part of a much larger structure, the ‘multiverse’, which contains many such universes, some like ours, some different. And I became convinced of this theory essentially by regarding the world as a system of information flow: if one analyses this flow under quantum theory, it turns out to consist of vast numbers of sub-flows that are nearly autonomous.