bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the magnification method for localisation of ectopic upper canines
Authors: Chalakkal Paul , Thomas Abi M. , Chopra Saroj 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the reliability of the magnification method for localisation of palatally placed canines.

Methods
Panoramic radiographs were taken of subjects, aged 10 to 12 years, with unerupted upper permanent canines. Two periapical radiographs (horizontal parallax method) were then used to identify 36 subjects with one palatally placed canine. Differences in the sizes of crowns of the canines on the panoramic radiographs were used to identify which tooth was palatally placed. The observer was blinded to the side with the palatally placed canine. The parallax and magnification results were tabulated, and the sensitivity and specificity of the magnification method calculated.

Results
The magnification method was found to have a sensitivity of 75 per cent; specificity of 100 per cent; positive predictive value of 100 per cent; negative predictive value of 80 per cent; and an accuracy of 87.5 per cent, in localising palatally placed canines.

Conclusion
The magnification method, which uses the side-to-side difference in the magnification of the crowns of ectopic canines on panoramic radiographs, is adequate for initial assessment of canine position. The magnification method did, however, accurately identify canines that were not palatally placed. Additional radiographs may be required to accurately localise an ectopic canine.
Stresses around a miniscrew. 3-D analysis with the finite element method (FEM)
Authors: Geramy Allahyar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Miniscrews used for absolute anchorage may induce stresses in the surrounding tissues that are dependent on their proximity to the miniscrew.

Aims
To determine the stresses in the buccal walls of the sockets of lower molars adjacent to a miniscrew under load when the position and angulation of the miniscrew are changed.

Methods
Five 3-D FEM models containing the first and second lower molars, their periodontal ligaments and the surrounding spongy and cortical bone, were modelled in SolidWorks 2006 (SolidWorks, Concord, MA, USA) and transferred to the ANSYS Workbench (ANSYS Inc., Southpointe, Canonsburg, PA, USA). A tensile force of 2 N, decomposed in 3-D space, was applied to a miniscrew inserted between the lower first and second molars. The von Mises (equivalent) stresses along the buccal walls of the sockets of the first and second molars were derived following changes in miniscrew position and angulation. No direct force was applied to the molars.

Results
When the miniscrew was inserted at right angles to the bone and midway between the molars the stress in the crestal area was 0.093 MPa. This stress increased proportionally in the first molar socket as the miniscrew was moved towards the first molar and declined when the miniscrew was tipped towards the second molar. Stresses also decreased in the crestal area of the second molar as the miniscrew was moved towards the first molar, but increased when it was tipped towards the second molar. A 30–55 per cent increase in crestal stress in the first molar socket was detected.

Conclusion
Stress occurred in the tissues surrounding a miniscrew subjected to a force vector. Changes in the position or angulation of a miniscrew can affect the stress in the socket walls of adjacent teeth.
Effect of in vivo aging on the shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive
Authors: Chatzistavrou Evangelia , Eliades Theodore , Zinelis Spiros , Athanasiou Athanasios E. , Eliades George 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To assess the effect of intra-oral aging on the shear bond strength of a composite resin orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) after 6 months in the oral cavity and to compare it with control specimens not subjected to intra-oral aging.

Methods
The sample consisted of patients aged 13–36 years, in need of premolar extractions for orthodontic purposes. Ten premolars were bonded with Transbond XT. After 6 months in vivo, the teeth were carefully extracted, sectioned at the amelo-cemental junction, mounted in cold cure acrylic resin cylinders and subjected to shear bond strength testing using a universal testing machine. The debonded bracket base surfaces were then studied under light microscope, photographed digitally and analysed with SigmaScan Image Measurement Software (Jandel GmbH, Erkrath, Germany) for the percentage of coverage of the debonded brackets with the orthodontic adhesive. The same procedure was followed for 14 premolars from the same patients bonded in vitro with the same adhesive.

Results
No statistically significant differences were found in the shear bond strength between the two groups of composite resin adhesive systems (with and without clinical aging) or in the adhesive remnant coverage following debonding. No significant correlation was detected between the shear bond strength and the adhesive remnant coverage in the test specimens with and without aging.

Conclusions
Laboratory studies of shear bond strength appear to be clinically relevant.
Static frictional resistance with the Slide low-friction elastomeric ligature system
Authors: Jones Steven P. , Bihi Saida Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim
This ex-vivo study compared the static frictional resistance of a low-friction ligation system against a conventional elastomeric module, and studied the effect of storage in a simulated oral environment on the static frictional resistance of both ligation systems.

Methods
Eighty stainless steel brackets were tested by sliding along straight lengths of 0.018 inch round and 0.019 x 0.025 inch rectangular stainless steel wires ligated with either conventional elastomerics or the Slide system (Leone, Florence, Italy). During the tests the brackets and wires were lubricated with artificial saliva. A specially constructed jig assembly was used to hold the bracket and archwire securely. The jig was clamped in an Instron universal load testing machine. Crosshead speed was controlled via a microcomputer connected to the Instron machine. The static frictional forces at 0 degree bracket/wire angulation were measured for both systems, fresh from the pack and after storage in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 24 hours.

Results
The results of this investigation demonstrated that the Slide ligatures produced significantly lower static frictional resistance than conventional elastomeric modules in the fresh condition and after 24 hours of storage in a simulated oral environment (p < 0.001). Storage for 24 hours in artificial saliva had no effect on the static frictional resistance of conventional elastomeric modules and the Slide system (p = 0.525).

Conclusions
The claim by the manufacturer that the Slide system produces lower frictional resistance than conventional elastomeric modules is upheld.
Gingival health and relapse tendency: a prospective study of two types of lower fixed retainers
Authors: Al-Nimri Kazem , Habashneh Rola Al , Obeidat Mohammed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Different types and diameters of wire are used in bonded lingual retainers. Some clinicians bond a small diameter multistrand wire to each tooth, while other clinicians bond a large diameter wire to the lingual surfaces of the lower canines.

Aim
To compare the gingival health, plaque accumulation, tooth stability and integrity of multistrand wire and round wire bonded lingual retainers.

Methods
Sixty-two subjects, who had completed treatment and who required fixed retention for the lower anterior segment, were assigned to either the Round wire retainer group or the Multistrand wire retainer group. In the Round wire retainer group, a 0.036 inch round, stainless steel wire was bonded to the lingual surfaces of both lower canines. The Multistrand retainer group had a 0.015 inch multistrand wire bonded to the lingual surfaces of all lower anterior teeth. At least 12 months after debonding, the subjects were recalled and the following variables were recorded: Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Plaque Index (PI) of the lower anterior teeth, Gingival Index (GI) of the lower anterior teeth, Irregularity Index (IRI) of the lower anterior teeth, and the number of broken retainers.

Results
There were no significant differences between the PI (p = 0.165) and GI (p = 0.150) of the two groups. More plaque was found on the distal surfaces of the lower anterior teeth in the group with multistrand wire retainers (p = 0.02). The lower anterior teeth were significantly more irregular in the group with round wire retainers compared to the group with multistrand wire retainers (p = 0.002). Although the multistrand wire retainers fractured more frequently than the round wire retainers the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.325).

Conclusion
More plaque accumulated on the distal surfaces of the lower anterior teeth in subjects with multistrand wire retainers than in subjects with round wire retainers. Multistrand wire retainers were better at maintaining incisor alignment than single span, round wire retainers.
Variations in tooth size and arch dimensions in Malay schoolchildren
Authors: Hussein Khalid W. , Rajion Zainul A. , Hassan Rozita , Noor Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
To compare the mesio-distal tooth sizes and dental arch dimensions in Malay boys and girls with Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.

Methods
The dental casts of 150 subjects (78 boys, 72 girls), between 12 and 16 years of age, with Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions were used. Each group consisted of 50 subjects. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure the mesio-distal tooth sizes of the upper and lower permanent teeth (first molar to first molar), the intercanine and intermolar widths. The arch lengths and arch perimeters were measured with AutoCAD software (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA).

Results
The mesio-distal dimensions of the upper lateral incisors and canines in the Class I malocclusion group were significantly smaller than the corresponding teeth in the Class III and Class II groups, respectively. The lower canines and first molars were significantly smaller in the Class I group than the corresponding teeth in the Class II group. The lower intercanine width was significantly smaller in the Class II group as compared with the Class I group, and the upper intermolar width was significantly larger in Class III group as compared with the Class II group. There were no significant differences in the arch perimeters or arch lengths. The boys had significantly wider teeth than the girls, except for the left lower second premolar. The boys also had larger upper and lower intermolar widths and lower intercanine width than the girls.

Conclusion
Small, but statistically significant, differences in tooth sizes are not necessarily accompanied by significant arch width, arch length or arch perimeter differences. Generally, boys have wider teeth, larger lower intercanine width and upper and lower intermolar widths than girls.
Response of the expanded inter-premaxillary suture to intermittent compression. Early bone changes
Authors: Uysal Tancan , Olmez Huseyin , Amasyali Mihri , Karslioglu Yildirim , Yoldas Atilla , Gunhan Omer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine the response of the expanded premaxillary suture in the rat to an externally applied force. Specifically, to investigate early bone changes in the expanded suture to intermittent loading and unloading.

Methods
Twenty-four 50 to 60 day-old Wistar rats were assigned to three groups. The inter-premaxillary sutures in all animals were expanded with a 50 g force applied to the upper incisors. Group I served as the control, whereas in Groups II and III the incisors were subjected to intermittent loading and unloading after five days of expansion. The intermittent forces were produced by a cam (0.416 mm, 100 cycles per minute) applied to the disto-gingival margins of the upper incisors. The mechanical stimuli were applied daily over nine days for six seconds in Group II (30 grams force, 10 cycles/day) and 10 minutes in Group III (30 grams force, 1000 cycles/day). Bone regeneration in the suture was evaluated histomorpho-metrically. The area of new bone (μm2), the perimeter around the new bone (μm), Feret’s diameter (μm) and the percentage of new bone to non-ossified tissue (%) were measured and compared.

Results
Statistically significant differences were found between the groups for all histomorphometric parameters. New bone area (p < 0.001), bone perimeter (p < 0.001), Feret’s diameter (p < 0.001) and percentage of new bone (p < 0.001) were significantly larger in the experimental groups as compared with the Control group. The histomorphometric measurements confirmed that more new bone was deposited in the sutures subjected to intermittent loading and unloading.

Conclusion
The application of cyclic loading and unloading to the orthopaedically expanded inter-premaxillary suture during the early retention phase stimulated the formation of new bone.
A comparison of dental changes produced by mandibular advancement splints in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Ang Hui Ching , Dreyer Craig 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Mandibular advancement splints (MAS) are a recognised and popular treatment option for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) due to their simplicity, tolerance and non-invasiveness.

Objectives
To investigate and compare the dental changes associated with the use of monoblock and duoblock appliances.

Methods
Fifty-two pretreatment and follow-up study models of patients from a public hospital and private dental clinic were assessed. Seventeen subjects used a soft elastomeric monoblock appliance (MB), 29 subjects used a hard acrylic duoblock (DB) and six subjects wore a monoblock followed by a duoblock appliance (MB-DB). Measurements of dental and arch changes were obtained and analysed on study models and standardised bitewing radiographs.

Results
A statistically significant reduction was observed in the maxillary intercanine distance in all splint categories, with DB users showing the greatest decrease (p < 0.05). The change in the mandibular intercanine distances differed according to splint categories (p < 0.05). MB and MB-DB patients demonstrated a decrease in this measurement variable, whereas an increase was seen in DB users. A statistically significant increase in the mandibular intermolar distance was also observed in all splint categories (p < 0.05), with DB users showing the greatest increase.

Conclusions
Both MB and DB appliance systems produced similar, but mild dental effects. No particular appliance can be recommended and the choice of appliance should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
The Image of the Czech Agriculture Based on the National Television News in the Period of Adaptation of Czechia Into the European Union: Regional Perspectives
Authors: Sucháček Jan , Konečný Ondřej , Wachowiak-Smolíková Renata , Wachowiak Mark P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Agriculture represents one of the most important economic activities that co-creates the qualities of landscapes. While topics such as food production, land utilization, or the development of rural regions are typically taken into account when analysing agriculture, regionally differentiated media portrayals of agriculture constitute a largely innovative approach. The main objective of this paper is to analyse and interpret agriculture-oriented news about individual self-governing regions in Czechia that were broadcasted in the framework of the national TV reporting. The paper is conceived as a historical study of the creation of the image of agriculture in the period from 2004 to 2011, which we define as the period of adaptation of Czech agriculture to the EU. The article includes both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. In summary, the media portrayals of agriculture largely differ from real conditions in Czech self-governing regions. Important themes, such as common agricultural policy or organic farming, have been mostly ignored within regionally focused national TV coverage. On the contrary, TV news is typically focused on one or a few phenomena of unusual or negative character, which is consistent with the gatekeeping conception.
Benchmarking Study of Existing Possibilities for the Development of Social Farming in the Czech Republic
Authors: Rajchlová Jaroslava , Svatošová Veronika 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper in the form of short communication deals with the phenomenon of social farming. This is a form of involvement of disadvantaged people in the integration process through agricultural activities. Based on the results of documentary analysis and benchmarking method, we presented experiences from the other European countries. In the Czech Republic, the concept is not widespread, not anchored in legislation and not supported by the public administration. Our proposals were aimed at using existing legislative possibilities, not at proposals that require changes to legal standards or the focus of financial support in the form of subsidies. We propose to use certain tools, namely a social business model or cooperation between a social service provider and a farmer. Furthermore, it is a suitable form of business for public beneficial entities, namely associations and especially institutes. We see suitability in the way of tax optimization.
Capitalism and infectious diseases spread? Narratives of COVID-19 in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the narratives surrounding COVID-19 in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. It assesses whether the narratives contained knowledge about the relationship between capitalist accumulation and expansion (CAnE) and the spread of COVID-19. Political ecologists argue that CAnE is associated with the spread of infectious zoonotic diseases like COVID-19. While studies on COVID-19 are growing, there has yet to be an exploration of ordinary people’s knowledge of the relationship between CAnE and COVID-19 spread, especially in Africa. Thus, this paper examines the narratives of COVID-19 in Nsukka to see whether they contain information about how COVID-19 spreads through CAnE. The findings revealed a significant evolution in the narratives of COVID-19 in Nsukka over time, reflecting changing perceptions and attitudes within the community. At the pandemic’s start, the dominant narratives centred around religious interpretations and scepticism about the virus’s reality. However, these initial religious and sceptical narratives gradually gave way to a different perspective, termed spatial othering, as the pandemic continued, suggesting that while acknowledging the virus as real, they believed it could not thrive in Nsukka or Nigeria. This shift was accompanied by the belief that the virus did not originate in the region and thus lacked agency to thrive there. The official government narrative, as observed in public health messages, primarily focused on hygiene and sanitation measures to curb the spread of the virus. Thus, it argues that political ecology knowledge about the pandemic is not acknowledged or endorsed in the ordinary people and government narratives, highlighting the need for diversified sources of knowledge, including non-conventional forms, to reach and educate local communities effectively. Hence, the central argument in the study is that even though CAnE can contribute to the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19 as formulated by political ecologists; this idea is absent in the narratives surrounding the pandemic in Nsukka. Whilst not discounting other sources of the pandemics and alternative perspectives, the study called for resistance against practices associated with capitalist expansion, highlighting the role of education in raising awareness, resistance and activism to address the vulnerabilities associated with capitalist expansion in the context of public health crises.
Corporate Sustainability Through the Presence of Women in Boards: Empirical Evidence from Developing Economy
Authors: Fernando Dilrukshi , Dissanayake Hiranya , Deshika Thilini , Iddagoda Anuradha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to address the emerging concept of women on boards as a solution to breaking gender barriers in boardrooms and its influence on sustainability reporting in Sri Lankan companies. The study aims to explore the relationship between the representation of women on boards and sustainability reporting, while also investigating the potential role of gender diversity in promoting sustainability in social, economic, and environmental spheres. The research adopts a comparative approach to examine the degree of women on boards and the level of sustainability reporting in Sri Lanka. The study utilizes the resource dependency theory, contingency theory, and agency theory as theoretical frameworks to analyze the association between women directors on boards and sustainability performance. Archival data from the highest market capitalization companies during the period of 2016 to 2019 is collected from audited annual financial statements. The study reveals a significant positive relationship between the presence of women on boards and sustainability reporting in Sri Lanka. It addresses the empirical and contextual gaps in this area, providing valuable insights into the positive impact of gender diversity on corporate sustainability practices in the Sri Lankan context. The research emphasizes the pragmatic solution of including women’s voices in the boardroom to foster gender diversity and create an interest in sustainability, which is an emerging trend in the country. Overall, this study adds valuable knowledge to the fields of corporate governance, gender diversity, and sustainability reporting.
What do I do? A Categorisation of Informal Leadership Activities Among Female Professors
Authors: Buckland Patrick J. , O’Riordan Chris , Kelliher Felicity 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Underpinned by social identity theory and drawing on the concept of professors as academic leaders, this paper asks, what are the informal professorial leadership activities performed by female professors? Drawing on contemporary literature, it categorises the informal leadership activities of female professors. These activities are incorporated into a conceptual framework, which offers insight into identifying and delineating effective ways in which to better understand female professorial leadership activities. This framework provides important and novel socio-psychological insight into an under-explored but critical aspect of the daily activities of female professors as academic leaders.
A virtual synchronous generator control method in microgrid with vehicle-to-grid system
Authors: Nguyen Van Tan , Nguyen Hong Viet Phuong , Truong Thi Bich Thanh , Truong Quang Vu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The inertia in power systems plays a very important role in stabilizing the power system. With the growth of distributed generation (DG)/renewable energy source (RES) penetration in the power grid, there has been a concern about the lack of inertia in the power system. One of the solutions to solve the problem is to use the Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control method. For energy storage, the Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) storage system can replace the traditional hybrid energy storage which consists of batteries and supercapacitors. This application will be implemented in Microgrid. The article will focus on simulating the Microgrid with the V2G system and solar energy as a renewable energy source, the inverters are controlled by the method of VSG control. The models will be simulated and the results will be shown on MATLAB/SIMULINK software.