bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PFO‐ACCESS: Augmenting Communications for Medical Care or Closure in the Evaluation of Patients With Stroke With Cardiac Shunts
Authors: Pirahanchi Yasaman , Shifflett Benjamin , Mahmud Ehtisham , Brennan Stefanie , Meyer Dawn M. , Mortin Melissa , Hailey Lovella , Bowers Jeffrey , Ravi Vikas , Carrión Julián , Bavarsad Reza , Agrawal Kunal , Modir Royya , Hemmen Thomas , Meyer Brett C. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) contributes to a quarter of embolic strokes of undetermined source. Although the benefit of PFO closure in selected patients has been demonstrated, our system workflow still resulted in a low rate of PFO evaluation for closure. The aim of the PFO‐ACCESS (Augmenting Communications for Medical Care or Closure in the Evaluation of Stroke Patients With Cardiac Shunts) program (which included implementation of the Viz.ai PFO‐specific communications module) was to determine if there was any change in PFO management due to improved communication between stroke and interventional cardiology teams.

METHODS

In this quality improvement project, we compared pre‐PFO ACCESS (December 2022–November 2023) to post‐PFO ACCESS periods (November 2023–June 2024) regarding PFO evaluations. The Viz.ai PFO module was implemented for the stroke and interventional cardiology teams without other workflow changes. Key performance indicators included referral frequency, PFO closure rates, and referral time intervals. Statistical comparisons utilized Mann–Whitney
U
, chi‐square, Fisher's exact, and exact Poisson test where appropriate.

RESULTS

The postimplementation period noted a 492% PFO referral increase (11 versus 38,65 [annualized];
P
<0.0001). PFO closure number totals showed a 186% nonsignificant increase pre versus post (6 versus 10,17 [annualized];
P
= 0.99), with PFO closure of percentage of total referred cases showing a large but nonsignificant decrease (54.55%, 26.32%;
P
= 0.14). Time comparisons showed a marked but nonsignificant decrease in median “referral sent to referral viewed” (10:37 hours, 1:08 hours;
P
= 0.73), “referral sent to referral accepted” (10:37 hours, 1:03 hours;
P
= 0.67) time interval, and “referral sent to closure” time interval (102 days, 97 days;
P
= 0.55).

CONCLUSION
The PFO‐ACCESS program with Viz.ai PFO module use resulted in a 492% increase in PFO referrals due to enhanced communication and efficiency in managing PFO‐related stroke cases. Though the increased number of referrals and closures were observed, the PFO closure percentage of total referred cases showed a marked but nonsignificant decrease indicating selective case management. The higher number of PFO closures shows that more patients are indeed appropriate for PFO closure consideration. Future efforts should focus on expanding outpatient use and increasing provider education to optimize PFO management.
Description of two new species of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae) from the USA
Authors: Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Michaud Amy , Subbotin Sergei A. , Vau Silvia , Inserra Renato N. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Two species of sheath nematodes were studied using an integrative approach, combining morphological and molecular analyses. The first species was collected from an oak tree (Quercus sp.) imported from Texas into Florida, while the second one was obtained from the ornamental palm Phoenix sylvestris in a Florida nursery. These species were compared to a closely related species, Hemicaloosia uarki, which was originally described in Arkansas. Phylogenetic analyses using partial 18S rRNA, D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and COI gene sequences revealed that sheath nematodes from Texas and Florida represent two new species of the genus Hemicycliophora, which are described here as Hemicycliophora ornata sp. n. and H. silvestris sp. n., respectively. In the phylogenetic tree based on ITS rRNA gene sequences, Hemicaloosia uarki grouped within a clade of other Hemicycliophora species rather than within the Hemicaloosia species clade, indicating that this species belongs to the genus Hemicycliophora rather than to Hemicaloosia. Consequently, this species was reclassified as Hemicycliophora uarki comb. n. These findings confirmed that morphological characters traditionally used to distinguish Hemicaloosia species from those of Hemicycliophora are valid but insufficient for reliable identification when some life stages, such as males, are absent. The presence of males with straight spicules is a very useful character to validate the morphological identification of Hemicaloosia species. In absence of this life stage, phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences is the only reliable method to accurately differentiate sheath nematodes resembling Hemicaloosia from Hemicycliophora.
Re-isolation of Ektaphelenchus winteri (Hooper, 1995) Heydari & Pedram, 2020 (Rhabditida: Aphelenchoididae) from Xylodiplosis nigritarsis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Norway
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Fjellberg Arne 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ektaphelenchus winteri was re-isolated from the county of Færder, southern Norway. Nematodes were feeding on larvae and adults of the gall midge Xylodiplosis nigritarsis as ectoparasites, i.e., the nematode spears the host’s cuticle and sucks its blood using the stylet. Nematode specimens were collected and morphologically and molecularly examined, although only female materials were available. Generally, the typology of the re-isolated population corresponded well with the type population, with some minor differences. Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that E. winteri is closely related to Ektaphelenchoides fuchsi and ‘Seinura demani’, but was readily distinguished from these two species by its stylet lacking clear basal swellings, anteriorly located secretory-excretory pore, spherical-oval median bulb, and female elongate conoid posterior body. A literature review confirmed typological similarity between S. demani and E. fuchsi, as well as the vestigial rectum and anus in S. demani. Based on these characteristics, Ektaphelenchoides demani n. comb. is proposed.
The Right to Adequate Housing and Minorities
Authors: Vols Michel , Chiciu Alexandra-Iarina , Muir Phoebe , Opartyová Ina , Sedlár Matej 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper discusses the role of the right to (culturally) adequate housing in the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (fcnm) and its monitoring process conducted by the Advisory Committee on the fcnm. The research aims to reveal potential systemic failings concerning the housing of minorities across Europe by identifying common threads related to housing in the most recent Opinions and Government Comments. The paper begins by highlighting the importance of adequate housing conditions that fulfil an individual’s needs and interests, particularly for members of minorities who face uncertainty and discrimination in their journey towards adequate housing. Various international human rights treaties obligate states to respect, protect, and fulfil the right to culturally adequate housing, which plays a pivotal role in preserving their culture and traditional way of life. However, the role of the fcnm in protecting minorities’ housing rights has been understudied, and the discussion is merely ancillary. Thus, this paper aims to fill the knowledge gap by analysing all Opinions and Government Comments for each state’s two most recently completed Reporting Cycles systematically. The paper concludes that the fcnm has a significant role to play in protecting minorities’ housing rights, and more attention should be given to this aspect in the monitoring process conducted by the Advisory Committee on the fcnm. The findings of this research could help improve the protection of minorities’ housing rights across Europe and contribute to the overall goal of promoting social inclusion and equality for all.
A Failure by African States or a Gap in the Law? An Appraisal of the African and International Legal Framework for the Protection of Child Soldiers
Authors: Mushoriwa Linda , Nortje Windell 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of child soldiers in Africa is rife. Despite the existence of comprehensive regional and international legal frameworks protecting children in armed conflict their conscription continues to severely violate their best interests. This doctrinal study analyses the duty of African states to care for children in armed conflict within the context of international and regional responses. This article calls for the International Criminal Court to make a clear pronouncement on the status of children in armed conflict over the age of 15. It also asserts that the Dominic Ongwen and Thomas Kwoyelo judgments highlight the plight of child soldiers, who arguably became child soldiers because of the failure of the State to protect them. A valuable contribution is made by specifically analysing the relevance and applicability of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the African Union Agenda 2063 in the protection of child soldiers.
Structure of axial and radial sieve tubes and its functional significance for the phloem network in Aquilaria sinensis (Thymelaeaceae)
Authors: Luo Bei , Yoshinaga Arata , Awano Tatsuya , Sugiyama Junji 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The structure of axial and radial or ray sieve tubes was examined by fluorescence microscopy and SEM. Two types of sieve areas were found on the lateral walls of axial and radial sieve tubes: one consists of a cluster of larger, more highly differentiated sieve pores, corresponding to sieve plates, and the other consists of scattered or clustered minute sieve pores, arranged in a linear array in the latter along the cell axis, covered by slime bodies, making a new structure complex associated with nutrient pathways. Migration of cytoplasmic slime bodies in axial and radial sieve tubes was observed to take place by changing shape into filamentous or tubular slimes and passing through the sieve pores, depending on the size of the pores at the xylem differentiation stage. Axial sieve tubes in the interxylary phloem were observed to be arranged axially in dense bundles rather than sparsely scattered. Rarely, it was observed that axial sieve tubes themselves branched off and merged with other axial sieve tubes without being bridged by radial sieve tubes in the ray tissue. Parenchyma cells and ray tissue in the interxylary phloem were unlignified in all the secondary xylem from the 12-year-old tree of Aquilaria sinensis. The division of ray parenchyma cells was often observed in the mature secondary xylem. Furthermore, two types of radial sieve tubes at different stages of differentiation were observed in the same ray tissue, suggesting that at least younger radial sieve tubes differentiate from ray parenchyma cells in the secondary xylem. Based on the positioning of radial sieve tubes and axial sieve tubes in the secondary xylem, three types of connections were identified; (1) radial sieve tube strand in interxylary phloem connects to axial sieve tube strand; (2) radial sieve tube strand bridges two interxylary phloems; (3) radial sieve tube strand anastomoses with interxylary phloem and connects to axial sieve tube strand. The highest frequency of (1) among the three types suggests that it is crucial for the functioning of the phloem network and that radial sieve tubes and axial sieve tubes located inside the interxylary phloem are connected to establish longitudinal transport channels.
The Epistemic Modes of Muqtada al-Sadr’s Charisma Production on Hybrid Media
Authors: Alsayegh Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Muqtada al-Sadr’s charismatic authority helps enable his power to emotionally motivate millions from the religious populist Sadri movement to partake in elections, protests, and armed struggle in Iraq. Hybrid media is a significant space that promotes his charisma via ‘epistemic modes’, which are contestations over what types of knowledge are deemed true. This paper conducts a virtual ethnography of Sadri hybrid media, whilst contending for the ‘affective bond’ as a suitable conceptual framework to analyse content that propagates al-Sadr’s image. The affective bond treats charisma as absolute trust, premised upon followers’ recognition of their leader as a symbol of legitimacy, hope, and authenticity. This highlights the interrelationship between these perceptions in creating charisma. Concurrently, the affective bond renders visible how everyday online communicative and interpretive practices transform Sadri hybrid media into a space whereby performance, culture, stories, narratives, structural circumstances, and religio-populist identity, intersect to produce Muqtada’s charisma through audiovisual materials.
المنام في قرار الحرب والسِّلم: قراءةٌ لمنام طارق بن زياد عشيّة فتح الأندلس
Authors: الجمّال لينا 
Published: February 2025

المستخلص
‫صُنّف منام القائد العسكريّ البربريّ طارق بن زياد (ت نحو ‫102‬/720)، الذي رأى فيه النبيّ (ص) عشيّة فتح الأندلس عام ‫92‬/711، واحدًا من أكثر المنامات تأثيرًا في العالم، وذلك لارتباطه بدخول الإسلام إلى شبه الجزيرة الأيبيريّة وامتداد رقعة الدولة الإسلاميّة إلى الأراضي الأوروبّيّة. وترد أقدم رواية للمنام في كتاب تاريخ افتتاح الأندلس لابن القوطيّة (ت ‫367‬/977) بعد مرور أكثر من قرنين ونصف على الفتح. يقدّم هذا المقال قراءةً معمّقة لمنام طارق بن زياد عن طريق عرضه على منهج ابن القوطيّة في الكتابة التاريخيّة، ومنامات من السيرة النبويّة. ويخلص إلى أنّ منام طارق لم يتقاطع فحسب مع منامات ذُكرت في السيرة النبويّة، بل يستلهم بوضوح من واقع عاشه النبيّ (ص) وأصحابه في غزوة بدر. يستدعي المنام بتعابيره وصوره ما حصل من شورى قبيل هذه الغزوة، ويستحضر انقسام المهاجرين والأنصار الذي انتهى بلُحمة وتعاضد في الخروج إلى الغزو. وهو بذلك يوحي بإجماع، كذلك الإجماع، بين العرب والبربر على ابتعاث جيش طارق، ويؤكّد مشروعيّة فتح الأندلس بإذن من النبيّ (ص) نفسه.‬
Pre-trained convolutional neural network with transfer learning by artificial illustrated images classify power Doppler ultrasound images of rheumatoid arthritis joints
Authors: Fukae Jun , Amasaki Yoshiharu , Fujieda Yuichiro , Sone Yuki , Katagishi Ken , Horie Tatsunori , Kamishima Tamotsu , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: February 2025

Objective To study the classification performance of a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning by artificial joint ultrasonography images in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods This retrospective study focused on abnormal synovial vascularity and created 870 artificial joint ultrasound images based on the European League Against Rheumatism/Outcome Measure in Rheumatology scoring system. One CNN, the Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16, was trained with transfer learning using the 870 artificial images for initial training and the original plus five additional images for second training. The models were then tested for the ability to classify joints using real joint ultrasound images obtained from patients with RA. The study was registered in UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000054321). Results A total of 156 clinical joint ultrasound images from 74 patients with RA were included. The initial model showed moderate classification performance, but the area under curve (AUC) for grade 1 synovitis was particularly low (0.59). The second model showed improvement in classifying grade 1 synovitis (AUC 0.73). Conclusions Artificial images may be useful for training VGG-16. The present novel approach of using artificial images as an alternative to actual images for training a CNN has the potential to be applied in medical imaging fields that face difficulties in collecting real clinical images.
Oxidative DNA damage of lambda-cyhalothrin in model vertebrate organism
Authors: Şemsi Rabia , Eser Burcu , Koçak Gülsüm , Gül Göktuğ , Yüce Pınar Arslan , Günal Aysel Çağlan , Dinçel Aylin Sepici 
Published: February 2025

Pesticides, widely used for insect control in agriculture, public health, and veterinary medicine, are usually present as pollutants in aquatic environments. After contamination of water bodies, pesticides cause adverse effects on non-target organisms and long-term problems in the ecosystem. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) is a chemical compound belonging to the family of synthetic pyrethroids (type II) and is an active ingredient in several insecticides. This study investigated the toxic effects (DNA damage) of LCH exposure on zebrafish for 24 and 72 h. After zebrafish ( Danio rerio) were obtained commercially, acclimated, and adapted to laboratory conditions. They were randomly selected, transferred to the experimental aquariums (their average height is 2.51 ± 0.49 cm long, 10 L aquarium size of 10x20x35), and exposed to 0.1 mg/L LCH concentrations for 24 and 72 h. There was also a control and a solvent control group in the study, and whole body tissues of zebrafish were analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) determination (ng/100 mg tissue), using an Agilent LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. It was observed that the whole-body 8-OHdG tissue values were significantly increased in the group exposed to LCH for 72 h (9.82 ± 1.44) compared with the control group (6.60 ± 1.78, p = .004). These results suggest that LCH could lead to oxidative DNA damage by causing an increase in 8-OHdG activities in zebrafish, one of the aquatic ecosystem model organisms, indicating that it may also cause undesirable effects on other non-target species.
Ultrasonic guided wave detection of point rail damage of high-speed railway turnout
Authors: Tian Chunxiang , Feng Xicheng , Qian Yao , Yuan Yuwen , Xu Jingmang , Chen Rong , Jiang Wenqiang , Hu Chenyang 
Published: February 2025

The precise and efficient identification of damage in point rails of turnouts represents a critical and challenging technological issue that requires immediate attention. Guided wave inspection, as a non-destructive testing method, holds significant potential for practical applications in the research field focused on the identification of damage in point rails of high-speed railway turnouts. This study integrates rigorous theoretical analysis, advanced numerical simulation techniques, and meticulous experimental investigations to comprehensively investigate the excitation, propagation, and reception processes of ultrasonic-guided waves within the point rail. By strategically applying excitation signals at optimized positions specifically tailored for point rail detection, employing a frequency of 30 kHz, appropriate excitation modes are carefully selected. Defect identification within the extended point rail is performed from a dual perspective, encompassing both cross-correlation analysis and time-frequency analysis. The obtained results substantiate that when employing the cross-correlation coefficient to detect cracks in the elongated point rail, the sensitivity of crack detection is significantly higher in the rail bottom region as opposed to the rail head region. Furthermore, through the analysis of variations in the cross-correlation coefficient and the application of wavelet transformations to the guided wave signals, it is not only feasible to ascertain the presence and location of damages within the rail base region of the extended point rail but also to evaluate the relative size of the cracks. The findings of this research contribute a robust theoretical foundation for the subsequent analysis and evaluation of damage detection in high-speed turnout point rails.
Three-dimensional evaluation of lower extremity alignment during gait and standing in healthy elderly individuals: A comparative study using fluoroscopy and 3D to 2D image matching
Authors: Soeno Tatsuya , Sato Takashi , Kobayashi Koichi , Katsumi Ryota , Otani Kazutaka , Kawashima Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2025

Background The differences in bony alignment of the lower extremities during gait compared to standing remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to evaluate three-dimentional (3D) lower extremity alignment in healthy elderly individuals during the stance phase of gait and compare it with static standing alignment. Methods Thirty-four knees (9 females, 8 males; mean age 73.2 years) were assessed using single-plane X-ray fluoroscopy and a 3D to two-dimensional (2D) image matching technique. Alignment during stance phase and standing was evaluated in a world coordinate system, using the direction of gravity and frontal X-ray (aligned with the gait direction) as references. Results Compared to standing, the femur (3.5°), tibia (3.2°) and tibial joint line relative to the floor (3.3°) exhibited increased lateral inclination during stance phase (p < 0.01). In the transverse plane, the femur showed a significant increase in external rotation during stance phase (5.0°, p < 0.01) compared to standing, with no significant difference in tibial rotation. Conclusion Lower extremity alignment significantly differs between static standing and gait, making it challenging to accurately infer the alignment during gait from standing assessments. This approach offers a practical means for assessing functional lower extremity alignment, potentially improving clinical outcomes in realignment surgeries.
Graft-Versus-Host Disease Sustains Coagulation Activity for two Years After Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Långström Satu , Koskenvuo Minna , Huttunen Pasi , Lassila Riitta , Taskinen Mervi , Ranta Susanna , Heikinheimo Markku , Mäkipernaa Anne 
Published: February 2025

Aim To evaluate the longitudinal coagulation profile after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Methods Several coagulation variables were measured at predetermined time points for two years after HSCT in 30 pediatric patients. Results At six months post-HSCT, endothelial activation was reflected by 1.4-fold increase in circulating von Willebrand factor activity (p < 0.05), and by 2-fold increase in thrombin-antithrombin complex levels (p < 0.05), suggesting sustained coagulation system activity. In six patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), specifically in those having gastrointestinal (GI) tract cGVHD, we observed continued longitudinal alterations in the coagulation system. The activities of both, coagulation factors (FV, FVII, FVIII, fibrinogen), and natural anticoagulants (antithrombin and protein C) were higher than prior to conditioning (p < 0.05) at most time points in patients with cGVHD. Moreover, fibrin turnover marker D-dimer was elevated from 6 to 18 months after HSCT (p < 0.05). Conclusion Pediatric patients undergoing HSCT demonstrate prolonged derangement of the coagulation system, with a new alleviating balance after 6 months post-HSCT. However, in patients with cGVHD, and in particular when cGVHD affects the GI tract, the persisting derangement of coagulation suggest its contributing role in cGVHD and related complications.