bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression Characteristics and Biological Functional Role of FLG in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Xia Nan , Li Hao , Gao Linlin , Yuan Yuan , Shang Hong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Filaggrin gene (FLG) plays a fundamental role and is associated with tumor malignant progression and maybe used as a new diagnostic biomarker for many cancers. Nevertheless, the characteristics and biological function in Gastric Cancer (GC) have not yet been elucidated. Thus, we focus on FLG expression, the association with immune infiltration and biological functions in GC.
Methods
The TCGA and GTEx databases were used to identify the mRNA expression of FLG in GC. We used the HPA database to identify the protein expression of FLG in GC. The Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier and nomogram prediction model were used to analysis the relationship between FLG and survival. We also used the logistic regression to analyze the relationship between FLG expressions and pathological features. FLG genetic modification information was derived from the cBioPortal and the GSCALite database. The relationship between FLG expression and microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methyltransferases, immune-related genes, tumor mutational burden (TMB) were analyzed. The ESTIMATE and other two methods were evaluated the association between FLG expression and the immune infiltrating cells. The protein-protein interactions between Interacting Genes/ proteins (STRING) were established using the Search Tool. The FLG pathways were analyzed using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The ceRNA networks were identified in TCGA database. We performed differential expression of FLG and explored the biological role in tumor malignant progression of GC cells.
Results
We demonstrated that FLG is up-regulated in GC cells and significantly related with worse prognosis. Genetic alterations may lead to abnormal expression of FLG. Meanwhile, the expression of FLG was strongly correlated with immune characteristics. Moreover, FLG has many molecular functions and participates in many signaling pathways. In the cytology experiments, we found that silencing FLG expression largely inhibits GC cell metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway.
Conclusion
FLG is a novel and useful biomarker for prognosis, immune infiltration and malignant progression of GC.
Benchmark and Validation of State-of-the-art Muscle Recruitment Strategies in Shoulder Modelling
Authors: Lavaill Maxence , Pizzolato Claudio , Bolsterlee Bart , Martelli Saulo , Pivonka Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Shoulder muscle forces estimated via modelling are typically indirectly validated against measurements of glenohumeral joint reaction forces (GHJ-RF). This validation study benchmarks the outcomes of several muscle recruitment strategies against public GHJ-RF measurements. Public kinematics, electromyography, and GHJ-RF data from a selected male participant executing a 2.4 kg weight shoulder abduction task up to 92° GHJ elevation were obtained. The Delft Shoulder and Elbow Model was scaled to the participant. Muscle recruitment was solved by 1) minimizing muscle activations squared (SO), 2) accounting for dynamic muscle properties (CMC) and 3) constraining muscle excitations to corresponding surface electromyography measurements (CEINMS). Moreover, the spectrum of admissible GHJ-RF in the model was determined via Markov Chain Monte-Carlo stochastic sampling. The experimental GHJ-RF was compared to the resultant GHJ-RF of the different muscle recruitment strategies as well as the admissible stochastic range. Admissible GHJ-RF spanned 21 to 659% of body weight (%BW), excluding the experimental GHJ-RF up to 40 degrees of humeral elevation. Joint force RMSE were between 23 (CMC) and 27%BW (CEINMS). At high elevation angles, CMC (11%BW) and CEINMS (14%BW) performed better than SO (25%BW). A guide has been proposed to best select muscle recruitment strategies. Overall, CMC and CEINMS were the two most accurate methods in terms of predicted GHJ-RF, especially at high elevation angles. SO performed best at low elevation angles. In addition, stochastic muscle sampling provided critical information on the shoulder model capabilities and the consistency between model and experimental data.
Neurological Outcome of Children with Abnormal Head Imaging Undergoing Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Hubara Evyatar , Halavy Yael , Mishali David , Keizman Eitan , Katz Uriel , Pessach Itai , Bar-Yosef Omer 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Neurodevelopmental disability in congenital heart disease (CHD) is concerning, with potential neurological issues arising during or post-surgery. This study explores the relationship between pre-surgery abnormal brain findings and post-surgical neurological outcomes in CHD children.
Methods
A retrospective study included pediatric cardiac intensive care unit patients with abnormal preoperative head imaging. A control group was established using a one-to-one matching approach, considering age, cardiac lesion, and type of surgery as criteria. Data encompassed demographics, cardiac lesions, surgical details, imaging findings, and neurological outcomes.
Results
During the study period, 19 patients with abnormal preoperative head imaging were identified. No notable distinctions were observed in terms of illness severity between study and control groups. The study group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the length of hospitalization, a prolonged duration for the initiation of oral feeds and the attainment of complete oral feeds. Pre and Post-operative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC), and Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) scores exhibited greater impairment in the study group. However, no significant differences were observed in the time required to return to baseline GCS or the magnitude of change in PCPC and PSOM scores between preoperative and postoperative assessments.
Conclusion
Pediatric patients with abnormal head imaging experience prolonged hospitalization after cardiac surgery on bypass. The surgical procedure may have a minor influence on their short-term neurological status. Further investigation is needed to understand the implications of abnormal head imaging in these patients.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of water spread area and its implications on the ecosystem services of a tropical hypersaline lagoon
Authors: Munnooru Kumaraswami , Vijay Akhilesh , Gera Anitha , Panda Uma Sankar , Venkata RamanaMurthy Mallavarapu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pulicat Lagoon, a tropical lagoon on India's southeast coast, has undergone substantial changes in its water spread area and salinity levels over decades. This study employs Landsat satellite imagery to analyze both long-term trends from 1991, 2001, and 2019 and short-term seasonal variations between September 2018 and July 2019. The long-term changes in water spread area in summer were estimated by the Normalized Difference Water Index, which varied from 311.1 sq. km to 389.2 sq. km. During 1991 and 2001, normal to excess rainfall in the northeast monsoon increased water spread area and salinity reduction. The seasonal analysis during 2018–2019 varied from a maximum of 491 sq. km during the North-East Monsoon to a minimum of 309 sq. km during the summer season. Findings indicate that Pulicat Lagoon is undergoing significant ecological changes marked by reduced water area and altered salinity. These transformations impact provisioning, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services. Challenges include economic and food security issues, vulnerability to climate-related disasters, cultural disruption, and ecological health. To address these challenges, comprehensive strategies are essential, including sustainable water management, preserving freshwater inflow, and ongoing salinity monitoring. These efforts are critical to safeguard the unique biodiversity of Pulicat Lagoon and maintain its ecological equilibrium.
Impact of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions in diagnosis of asymptomatic malaria among school children in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Fuente Irene Molina-de la , Akindele Akeem Abiodun , Ta-Tang Thuy-Huong , García Luz , Gonzalez Vicenta , Cruces Raquel , Sossou Ibukun Temitope , Adedokun Samuel Adeyinka , Capote-Morales Raquel , Benito Agustín , Nassar Sulaiman adebayo , Berzosa Pedro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background Nigeria has a high prevalence of malaria, being asymptomatic patients one of the possible reservoirs of malaria. In that context, accurate diagnosis is essential for malaria control. Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) efficacy is being threatened by false negatives due topfhrp2andpfhrp3deletions. This study aims to describe malaria in asymptomatic school children in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria and to assess the performance of malaria diagnosis, including the characterization ofpfhrp2andpfhrp3deletions. Methods 350 dried blood spot (DBS) samples from school children were used for malaria diagnosis using microscopy, RDT and PCR. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for microscopy and RDT using PCR as gold standard.Pfhrp2andpfhrp3deletions were analysed for allP. falciparum-positive samples. Results Malaria prevalence among asymptomatic school children in Osun state was 89%. Considering PCR as gold standard, microscopy presented better sensitivity 100% (86% for RDT) but RDT had better specificity 76% (60% for microscopy). Deletion frequency ofpfhrp2exon among all samples was 41.5%, and 52.8% forpfhrp3exon. But deletion frequency among false negatives by RDT was lower, 3% forpfhrp2, 5% forpfhrp3and 2% for doublepfhrp2andpfhrp3deletions. Conclusions Malaria has a high prevalence in asymptomatic school children, being a potential hotspot for malaria. Combination of RDT and microscopy could increase the accuracy of malaria diagnosis. Deletions inpfhrp2andpfhrp3are highly common in Osun state, but their impact on RDT results is still limited. More surveillance studies are recommended to assess the contribution of asymptomatic children to malaria transmission and the impact of deletions.
Validation of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for track and field athletes
Authors: Jayawardena Ranil , Weerasinghe Kalani , Trakman Gina , Madhujith Terrence , Hills Andrew P , Kalupahana Nishan Sudheera 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Proper validation of a newly developed sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire is crucial to ensure that health professionals and coaches can confidently assess athletes' nutrition knowledge, which is known to impact athletes' food choices. This study aims to validate the Athletic-Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (A-SNKQ), specifically tailored for Sri Lankan track and field athletes.
Methods
Content validity was determined by translating the ratings of items by sports nutrition experts into a content validity index. Face validity was assessed via in-depth telephone interviews with elite track and field athletes, using a retrospective think-out-loud protocol. Three groups—doctors with post-graduate qualifications in human nutrition (NTG), banking professionals (NNTG), and elite or semi-elite track and field athletes (AG)—were engaged for the execution of construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency, and the correlation coefficient between the two test attempts (test-retest reliability) was determined to evaluate reproducibility.
Results
The final tool comprised 123 individual items, formulated as 32 questions within 12 sub-sections. Content validity was confirmed by fully integrating 49 out of 70 comments received for each sub-section and partially integrating 4 comments. Face validity was established by fully integrating 33 comments out of the total (n = 40) received from 16 athletes. Construct validity was confirmed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, indicating significant differences in the total scores achieved as a percentage of the A-SNKQ among the NTG (462.5, 92.5%), NNTG (223.5, 44.7%), and AG (235, 47.0%; p < 0.001). Reproducibility was established by strong test-retest reliability between individuals' scores on two test attempts, three weeks apart (r = 0.98, p < 0.05). Internal reliability for each sub-section met psychometric reliability requirements (Cronbach's α > 0.7).
Conclusion
The A-SNKQ meets all psychometric measures, providing a new, valid, and reliable tool to assess general and sports nutrition knowledge among Sri Lankan track and field athletes.
The tandem–random transition of cellular patterning: Roles of N-cadherin-based orientational cell adhesions in the development, maintenance, and degeneration of the nucleus pulposus
Authors: Wei Xiangyun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration can cause low back and neck pain. In IVD degeneration, the most affected component of IVDs is the nucleus pulposus (NP). Derived from the notochord, where cells organize into a tandem configuration, the NP contains cells clustered in 3-dimensional (3D) networks embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Here, we summarize the current understanding of NP development, homeostasis, physiology, and degeneration as well as the roles of cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin in these processes. We hypothesize that N-cadherin contributes to the architectural transition from the notochord to the NP by switching from mediating tandem orientational cell adhesions (OCAs) to random OCAs. The 3D clustering of NP cells may facilitate N-cadherin to act as a mechanosensor to modulate NP gene expression under mechanical stresses. We also highlight some open questions on N-cadherin functions in the NP. Answering these questions helps with developing measures to prevent and treat IVD degeneration.
In Silico Immunogenicity Assessment of Therapeutic Peptides
Authors: Li Wenzhen , Wei Jinyi , Jiang Qianhu , Zhou Yuwei , Yan Xingru , Xiang Changcheng , Huang Jian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
The application of therapeutic peptides in clinical practice has significantly
progressed in the past decades. However, immunogenicity remains an inevitable and crucial
issue in the development of therapeutic peptides. The prediction of antigenic peptides
presented by MHC class II is a critical approach to evaluating the immunogenicity
of therapeutic peptides. With the continuous upgrade of algorithms and databases in recent
years, the prediction accuracy has been significantly improved. This has made in silico
evaluation an important component of immunogenicity assessment in therapeutic
peptide development. In this review, we summarize the development of peptide-MHC-II
binding prediction methods for antigenic peptides presented by MHC class II molecules
and provide a systematic explanation of the most advanced ones, aiming to deepen our
understanding of this field that requires particular attention.
Recent Advancement in Inhaled Nano-drug Delivery for Pulmonary, Nasal, and Nose-to-brain Diseases
Authors: Fu Qiuxia , Liu Yangjie , Peng Cao , Muluh Tobias Achu , Anayyat Umer , Liang Liu 
Published: January 2024

:
Pulmonary, nasal, and nose-to-brain diseases involve clinical approaches, such as bronchodilators,
inhaled steroids, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, antihistamines, nasal steroids, decongestants,
intranasal drug delivery, neurostimulation, and surgery to treat patients. However, systemic
medicines have serious adverse effects, necessitating the development of inhaled formulations that
allow precise drug delivery to the airways with minimum systemic drug exposure. Particle size, surface
charge, biocompatibility, drug capacity, and mucoadhesive are unique chemical and physical
features that must be considered for pulmonary and nasal delivery routes due to anatomical and permeability
considerations. The traditional management of numerous chronic diseases has a variety of
drawbacks. As a result, targeted medicine delivery systems that employ nanotechnology enhancer
drug efficiency and optimize the overall outcome are created. The pulmonary route is one of the
most essential targeted drug delivery systems because it allows the administering of drugs locally
and systemically to the lungs, nasal cavity, and brain. Furthermore, the lungs' beneficial characteristics,
such as their ability to inhibit first-pass metabolism and their thin epithelial layer, help treat
several health complications. The potential to serve as noninvasive self-administration delivery sites
of the lung and nasal routes is discussed in this script. New methods for treating respiratory and some
systemic diseases with inhalation have been explored and highlight particular attention to using specialized
nanocarriers for delivering various drugs via the nasal and pulmonary pathways. The design
and development of inhaled nanomedicine for pulmonary, nasal, and respiratory medicine applications
is a potential approach for clinical translation.
Bromodomain Protein-directed Agents and MYC in Small Cell Lung
Cancer
Authors: Hamilton Gerhard , Stickler Sandra , Rath Barbara 
Published: January 2024

Abstract::
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a dismal prognosis. In addition to the inactivation of
the tumor suppressors TP53 and RB1, tumor-promoting MYC and paralogs are frequently overexpressed
in this neuroendocrine carcinoma. SCLC exhibits high resistance to second-line chemotherapy
and all attempts of novel drugs and targeted therapy have failed so far to achieve superior
survival. MYC and paralogs have key roles in the oncogenic process, orchestrating proliferation,
apoptosis, differentiation, and metabolism. In SCLC, MYC-L and MYC regulate the neuroendocrine
dedifferentiation of SCLC cells from Type A (ASCL1 expression) to the other SCLC subtypes.
Targeting MYC to suppress tumor growth is difficult due to the lack of suitable binding
pockets and the most advanced miniprotein inhibitor Omomyc exhibits limited efficacy. MYC
may be targeted indirectly via the bromodomain (BET) protein BRD4, which activates MYC transcription,
by specific BET inhibitors that reduce the expression of this oncogenic driver. Here, novel
BET-directed Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are discussed that show high antiproliferative
activity in SCLC. Particularly, ARV-825, targeting specifically BRD4, exhibits superior
cytotoxic effects on SCLC cell lines and may become a valuable adjunct to SCLC combination
chemotherapy.
Targeted Mevalonate Pathway and Autophagy in Antitumor
Immunotherapy
Authors: Xing Zongrui , Jiang Xiangyan , Wu Yuxia , Yu Zeyuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Tumors of the digestive system are currently one of the leading causes of cancer-related
death worldwide. Despite considerable progress in tumor immunotherapy, the prognosis for
most patients remains poor. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells attain immune escape
through immune editing and acquire immune tolerance. The mevalonate pathway and autophagy
play important roles in cancer biology, antitumor immunity, and regulation of the TME.
In addition, there is metabolic crosstalk between the two pathways. However, their role in promoting
immune tolerance in digestive system tumors has not previously been summarized. Therefore,
this review focuses on the cancer biology of the mevalonate pathway and autophagy, the regulation
of the TME, metabolic crosstalk between the pathways, and the evaluation of their efficacy as
targeted inhibitors in clinical tumor immunotherapy.
Redox Imbalance and Cardiovascular Pathogenesis: Exploring the Therapeutic
Potential of Phytochemicals
Authors: Arandhara Arunabh , Saha Dipankar , Deka Dhruva Jyoti , Deka Mrinmoy , Kumar Das Bhrigu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
The intriguing role of the oxidation system in cardiovascular disease lies in its contribution
to chronic and acute increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), driving the
progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). ROS, produced as by-products of oxidative physiological
and metabolic events, act as mediators in various signaling pathways contributing to
cardiovascular pathology. The delicate equilibrium between the production of free radicals and
antioxidant defense shifts in favor of the former, resulting in redox imbalance and extensive cellular
damage. Among CVDs, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains as the leading cause of
death globally. Understanding the significance of oxidative damage in the dysfunction of endothelial
cells, atherosclerosis, and other pathogenic events and pathways is crucial for preventing
and managing CVD. Consequently, it is imperative to comprehend the mechanism/s underlying
the pathogenic alterations of CVD due to oxidative damage to develop effective prevention strategies.
Many studies have reported bioactive phytochemical/s as potential therapies against CVDs,
modulating ROS generation, controlling the CVD-related inflammatory mediators and protecting
the vascular system. Therefore, this review provides an update for understanding how the phytoconstituents
exhibit preventive roles in oxidative stress-related CVD, thus improving the quality
of life of people. This study conducted a thorough literature search on CVD, oxidative imbalance,
and phytoconstituents. The search was performed using multiple search engines and the main
keywords, and only English publications until June 2023 were included. However, there is a need
for more research and clinical trials to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of these phytochemicals
for managing the disease.
Insights into Kinases of ESKAPE Pathogens for Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Mody Deepansh , Joshi Priyanka , Antil Monika , Gupta Rakesh K. , Gupta Vibha 
Published: January 2024

:
Multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens are the leading cause of hospital-acquired
infections across the globe, posing challenges for clinicians. Random genetic mutations and constant
exposure to antibiotics in healthcare settings result in strains resistant to commonly used
antibiotics, creating life-threatening conditions. If the magic of “antibiotics” is to be sustained, a
new class of antimicrobials against novel targets is urgently needed. This necessitates understanding
and identifying novel biochemical pathways and bacterial virulence factors that can be
targeted for therapeutic interventions. Keeping in view the unambiguous role of the kinome in
bacterial survival and virulence, this review provides a survey of effector bacterial kinases involved
in evading host immune responses and drug resistance. The formation of biofilms is a
critical feature associated with the pathogenesis and survival of ESKAPE organisms in the hostile
host milieu. Hence, kinases involved in the biofilm pathway are also elucidated for clinical
relevance. In addition, endeavors in the development of therapeutics against ESKAPE kinases
are also summarized to provide direction to researchers pursuing the field.