bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strontium‐89 treatment for prostate cancer bone metastases: Does a prostate‐specific antigen response predict for improved survival?
Authors: Zyskowski Adam , Lamb David , Morum Pauline , Hamilton David , Johnson Carol 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA review of 50 patients treated with strontium‐89 for prostate cancer bone metastases from January 1993–1997 at the Wellington Cancer Centre was undertaken to determine if there was any correlation between changes in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) following treatment and subsequent survival. Thirty cases were evaluable for PSA response. Of these, 14 had a fall in PSA following strontium‐89 treatment, and their mean survival was 641 days. The remaining 16 patients did not demonstrate a post‐treatment fall in PSA and their mean survival was 275 days. A difference between these two groups in the time to development of new bone symptoms following treatment was also observed. No significant correlation between pretreatment PSA and PSA response was observed. In conclusion, a PSA response following strontium‐89 treatment appears to predict for improved survival in patients with bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. Further prospective studies are indicated.
Emphysematous gastritis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Shipman Peter J , Drury Paul 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYEmphysematous gastritis is a rare form of gastritis that results from infection of the stomach wall by gas‐forming organisms. Diagnosis of this commonly fatal condition rests on radiological demonstration of gas within the stomach wall. This can be observed on plain radiographs or CT scans of the abdomen. Only by prompt diagnosis and treatment can mortality be avoided. A new case of empysematous gastritis, diagnosed on CT scan by the demonstration of both intramural and portal venous gas, is presented and the literature is reviewed.
Hydatid pulmonary emboli
Authors: Smith Gerard J , Irons Steven , Schelleman Anthony 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA case of secondary hydatosis, initially misdiagnosed as pulmonary metastases, is presented. The dissemination of hydatid cysts within the lungs in this case was the consequence of direct rupture of a hepatic hydatid into the inferior vena cava. A brief overview of the pathophysiology of hydatid disease, including a discussion of the types of hydatid rupture (contained, communicating and direct), is presented.
Orbital multiple myeloma: Case report and review of computed tomography features
Authors: Ajithkumar TV , Sivasankar C , Ramachandran K 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYOrbital involvement at diagnosis in multiple myeloma is rare. Only a few a cases are reported with computed tomographic features. We report a case of orbital myeloma, and relevant medical reviews on computed tomography features are discussed.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of digital radiography in emergency situations
Authors: Pathi R , Langlois S 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe time differences between digital and conventional radiography for emergency patients were investigated, and clinician satisfaction with the two modalities was compared. Time–motion data was collected daily over 5 weeks for a digital group and a conventional X‐ray group. For standardization purposes, only emergency patients requiring chest X‐rays were selected for the study. Data were collected from 30 patients in each of the two groups in the time–motion study, and 31 out of 50 Emergency and Intensive Care clinicians responded to the questionnaire. Results were analysed by percentage, and χ2 analysis was used where appropriate. The time for availability of images to requesting clinicians was 70% less for digital images compared to conventional radiography. The overall satisfaction between digital and conventional radiography was very similar, but most clinicians expressed an opinion that digital radiography offered significant image modification advantages.
Quality assurance and radiofrequency heating
Authors: Desmond Patricia , Syngeniotis Ari , Fleming Steven , Jackson Graeme 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an inexpensive means of assessing radiofrequency (RF) power deposition in a magnet. This is particularly important at 3T where sequences approach Food and Drug Administration approved RF limits. It will also be of interest to operators at 1.5 T as part of their ongoing quality assurance programs. At 3T, we found that the RF power deposited in the magnet was less than that read by the MR power monitor.
Petrous apex arachnoid cyst extending into Meckel's cave
Authors: Batra Arun , Tripathi Rajendra Prasad , Singh Anil Kumar , Tatke Medha 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA rare case of arachnoid cyst involving the petrous apex with an unusual clinical presentation has been described with special emphasis in the imaging features and importance of accurate presurgical diagnosis. Differentiation from the other benign lesions involving the petrous apex and the role of newer MR techniques in the diagnosis of these lesions has been highlighted.
Cervical osteochondroma as a cause of spinal cord compression in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Çirak Bayram , Karabulut Nevzat , Palaoglu Selçuk 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYSpinal cord compression is a rare but extremely serious complication of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). Imaging of the spine is important for surgical planning and follow up. We present CT and MR findings in a male patient with HME who developed spinal cord compression from a cervical osteochondroma. Complete recovery was achieved following surgery.
Cost‐effectiveness of CT thorax and bronchoscopy in haemoptysis with normal CXR for exclusion of lung cancer
Authors: Law GTS , Wong CY , Chan YC , Shum TT , Lok PS , Wong KY 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAs fibre‐optic bronchoscopy and CT thorax become more widely used, patients with haemoptysis who had normal CXR and sputum results are more commonly offered both CT and bronchoscopy to exclude lung cancer. Doctors who are under possible litigation pressure arising from missed diagnoses of lung cancer are often exhaustive in their investigations, even when the haemoptysis has been transient. The present study aims to investigate the number of cancer patients who can be detected with the two investigations, and compare recent similar study results with archive results. We found that despite the use of more efficient investigation tools, the yield is paradoxically much lower and, hence, less cost‐effective than that of previous studies. The likely reason is that doctors tend to over‐investigate, even for short‐term, minimal blood‐streaked sputum, which is common among simple bronchitis. In order to be more cost‐effective, these investigations should be used more selectively and for high risk patients such as those with prolonged haemoptysis and those who are heavy smokers.
Dose distribution and morbidity after high dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer: Influence of V150 and V200 parameters
Authors: Duchesne Gillian M , Das Ram , Toye Warren , See Andrew 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to identify factors predicting morbidity in patients undergoing high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost with external beam irradiation for prostate cancer. Acute and late morbidity data were collected for 104 prostate cancer patients treated with an HDR boost together with external beam radiotherapy. Significant urinary and rectal morbidity were correlated with urethral and rectal point doses, and the proportions of the target volume receiving 100%, 150% and 200% (V200) or more of the prescribed dose. Rectal or urethral point doses did not predict morbidity. By contrast, the V200 was significantly higher for patients experiencing either acute or late urinary morbidity. The cut‐off V200 was 15% of the target volume. Although theoretically beneficial for tumour cell kill, the treatment of significant proportions of the prostate to high dose might be associated with increased morbidity, and should preferably be avoided.
Intracranial Tc99m MDP uptake in Sturge −Weber syndrome
Authors: Hui Cathryn , Lau Kenneth KP 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA case of intracranial extraosseous 99mTc MDP uptake is presented, which was found on CT to be due to dystrophic gyral calcification characteristic of Sturge−Weber syndrome (SWS). The imaging characteristics of SWS are described. The possibility of extraosseous MDP uptake should be considered when unusual or atypical ‘hot spots’ are seen on bone scanning.
Ca2+‐ACTIVATED K+ CURRENT INDUCED BY EXTERNAL ATP IN PC12 CELLS
Authors: Fujii Fumio , Kimura Junko , Tase Choichiro 
Published: March 2003

1. The effect of external ATP on the membrane current was investigated in PC12 cells by whole‐cell voltage‐clamp techniques.2. Lower concentrations of ATP (1 or 10 μmol/L) induced only an inward current at 1 mmol/L EGTA in the K+ pipette solution, while higher concentrations of ATP (100 μmol/L and 1 mmol/L) induced an outward current following the inward current.3. Lowering the EGTA concentration in the pipette solution induced a larger outward current following ATP application. The membrane potential at which the outward current crossed with the control before ATP application was more negative at lower concentrations of EGTA in the pipette.4. The development of the outward current was blocked by a Ca2+‐free external solution, 5 mmol/L tetraethylammonium and a Cs+ pipette solution instead of K+, indicating that the outward current was a Ca2+‐activated K+ current.5. Charybdotoxin (0.1 μmol/L) and iberiotoxin (0.1 μmol/L), but not apamin (0.2 μmol/L) blocked the development of the outward current, indicating that the ATP‐induced outward current is a BK‐type Ca2+‐activated K+ channel current and not the SK type.6. UTP had no effect on the membrane current, indicating that the ATP‐induced current change was not mediated by P2u but by P2x purinoceptor.7. In conclusion, stimulation of P2x purinoceptors by ATP induces a Ca2+‐permeable inward current that results in increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and activation of a BK‐type Ca2+‐activated K+ current in PC12 cells.
RADICAL IDEAS: GENETIC RESPONSES TO OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: Demple Bruce 
Published: March 2003

1. Complex genetic systems counteract different types of ‘oxidative stress’ caused by reactive derivatives of oxygen.2. The bacterial oxyR system responds to peroxide stress and is governed by OxyR, a transcription factor activated by the formation of an intramolecular disulphide bond in H2O2‐treated cells. Activated OxyR switches on several genes encoding antioxidant functions, such as catalase. During aerobic growth, oxyR acts homeostatically to regulate cellular H2O2 levels.3. The bacterial soxRS system responds to superoxide or nitric oxide (NO) stress and is activated in two transcriptional stages. The SoxR protein is activated by oxidation of its [2Fe–2S] centres in cells exposed to superoxide‐generating agents, such as paraquat, or to NO. Activated SoxR stimulates the soxS gene and SoxS protein then induces at least 15 genes encoding antioxidant functions, such as superoxide dismutase, metabolic functions, such as fumarase, and antibiotic resistance by activation of efflux pumps. The soxRS system may function in resistance to NO‐generating immune cells and may contribute to clinical antibiotic resistance.4. Human cells respond to subtoxic levels of NO by inducing 12 proteins and down‐regulating others. A key induced activity is haem oxygenase 1, which is controlled post‐transcriptionally.5. Motor neurons exhibit adaptive resistance to NO, triggered by exposure to subtoxic NO levels, and providing resistance to usually cytotoxic levels of this agent or H2O2. Adaptive resistance to NO depends strongly on the inducible heam oxygenase activity.
SUBLINGUAL NIFEDIPINE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: EVEN A LOW DOSE INDUCES MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA
Authors: Ishibashi Yutaka , Shimada Toshio , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Sano Kazuya , Oyake Nobuyuki , Umeno Tetsuhiro , Sakane Takeshi , Murakami Yo , Morioka Shigefumi 
Published: March 2003

1. Low doses of sublingual nifedipine are still used for the treatment of hypertensive crises, although recent studies have raised concerns that sublingual nifedipine may cause serious dose‐dependent adverse effects. The present study was performed to test the safety of low‐dose sublingual nifedipine administered to elderly hypertensive patients.2. Systemic blood pressure measurements and electrocardiographic (ECG) examinations were performed before and 45–60 min after a 5 mg dose of sublingual nifedipine in 93 consecutive hypertensive patients, 65 years of age or older, who were without coronary artery disease. In 33 patients, the effects of nifedipine on myocardial lactate metabolism were studied during cardiac catheterization.3. In all patients, following nifedipine administration, blood pressure (BP) decreased significantly, while heart rate (HR) increased, and symptoms associated with elevated BP disappeared. However, changes consistent with myocardial ischaemia appeared on the ECG in six of 55 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and in one of 38 patients without LVH, although only two of these seven patients experienced angina‐like precordial tightness. Sublingual nifedipine decreased myocardial lactate extraction from 52±13 to 38±19% in 20 patients with LVH (P = 0.02), but myocardial lactate extraction remained stable in 13 patients without LVH (49±7 to 50±5%; NS). The change in lactate extraction was significantly correlated with the percentage change in diastolic arterial pressure (r = 0.77, P < 0.001).4. These results suggest that sublingual nifedipine, even at the low dose of 5 mg, may cause myocardial ischaemia in some elderly patients with LVH that is associated with a marked reduction in coronary perfusion pressure.
Effects Of Diabetes On Non‐Adrenergic, Non‐Cholinergic Relaxation Induced By Gaba And Electrical Stimulation In The Rat Isolated Duodenum
Authors: Kaputlu I•rfan , Özdem Sadi , Şadan Gülay , Gökalp Osman 
Published: March 2003

1. The effects of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced experimental diabetes on nitrergic‐mediated responses to GABA and electrical field stimulation (EFS) have been evaluated in rat isolated duodenum.2. In the presence of noradrenergic and cholinergic blockade, EFS (60 V, 1 ms, 0.1–32 Hz) induced frequency dependent relaxations of the preparation. GABA also caused submaximal relaxation of the rat duodenum. The relaxations induced by GABA and EFS were reduced in duodenal tissues from diabetic rats compared with control rats.3. Neither ATP‐ nor sodium nitroprusside‐induced relaxations were altered in diabetic duodenal tissues. GABA‐ and EFS‐induced relaxations were inhibited by NG‐nitro‐
L‐arginine methyl ester (
L‐NAME; 300 mmol/L) in both diabetic and control rats. Although the inhibition caused by
L‐NAME of GABA‐ and EFS‐induced relaxation was partially reversed by
L‐arginine (1 mmol/L),
L‐arginine alone had no effect on GABA‐ and EFS‐induced relaxation in diabetic rats.4. These results suggest that STZ‐induced diabetes impairs non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic relaxation induced by EFS and GABA. Impairment of nitrergic innervation of the rat duodenum may contribute to the abnormalities of intestinal motility abnormalities associated with diabetes.
VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Yuan Shenyuan , Liu Yuantao , Zhu Liangxiang 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY1. Macro‐ and microvascular diseases are the main chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM).2. It has been shown that DM patients have more severe nailfold microcirculatory disturbances than patients with liver cirrhosis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).3. It has been shown that the glomerular basement membrane of diabetic rats is significantly thickened compared with that of normal rats (295.5±45.1 vs 184.8±33.2 nm).4. Gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in 41 patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was determined with a laser Doppler flowmeter. The results showed that average GMBF values at 14 sites in the gastric mucosa were significantly lower in NIDDM patients than in control subjects.5. The percentage of painless acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among 50 patients with DM was 22.0% and the mortality of AMI was 22.0% (11 cases). Both these values were higher than the corresponding values in patients without DM (9.9 and 11.4%, respectively; P < 0.05).6. Cerebrovascular disease is more prevalent in diabetic patients than in non‐diabetics and the mortality of stroke in DM patients is two‐fold higher than that of non‐diabetic patients.7. Diabetes can result in widespread macrovascular atherosclerosis and microcirculatory disorders of multiple organs.
Salt‐ And Angiotensin Ii‐Dependent Variations In Amiloride‐Sensitive Rectal Potential Difference In Mice
Authors: Wang Qing , Horisberger Jean‐Daniel , Maillard Marc , Brunner Hans R , Rossier Bernard C , Burnier Michel 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY1. In the rectum and distal nephron, sodium reabsorption is mediated by the amiloride‐sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The ENaC‐mediated sodium transport is electrogenic and creates an amiloride‐sensitive transepithelial potential difference (PD).2. We have evaluated the salt‐ and angiotensin (Ang)II‐dependent variations in amiloride‐sensitive rectal PD in mice and assessed their relationship with renal sodium handling.3. Rectal PD was measured in vivo in mice maintained on a medium‐, low‐ or high‐sodium diet. On a medium‐salt diet, the mean (±SEM) amiloride‐sensitive PD was larger in the afternoon than in the morning (–26.1±0.9 and –11.2±0.7 mV, respectively; P = 0.001), indicating a circadian cyclicity. Rectal PD increased on a low‐sodium diet and decreased on a high‐sodium diet.4. Amiloride‐sensitive rectal PD correlated significantly with the urinary Na+/K+ ratio (P < 0.001) and with sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron as measured by the lithium clearance technique (P < 0.001).5. In mice treated with an AngII AT1 receptor antagonist, amiloride‐sensitive rectal PD was increased in the afternoon compared with controls (–32.8±2.0 vs–24.4±0.9, respectively; P < 0.001).6. At high doses, AngII decreased the amiloride‐sensitive rectal PD and this effect was blunted by an AT1 receptor antagonist.7. These results show the presence of a salt‐dependent daily cyclicity of sodium transport in the mouse rectum that follows circadian changes in sodium handling in the distal nephron. Angiotensin II appears to modulate this diurnal pattern of rectal amiloride‐sensitive sodium transport.
Ginkgo Biloba Extract Attenuates The Development Of Hypertension In Deoxycorticosterone Acetate‐Salt Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Umegaki Keizo , Shinozuka Kazumasa , Watarai Ken , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Mika , Daohua Pang , Esashi Takatoshi 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY1. We examined the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the development of hypertension, platelet activation and renal dysfunction in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐ salt hypertensive rats. Both DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats and normotensive rats were fed a 2% GBE diet for 20 days. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by two methods, namely by the tail‐cuff and telemetry methods.2. Development of hypertension was attenuated in rats fed a 2% GBE diet. In addition, an increase in heart weight, an indicator of sustained high BP, was inhibited significantly by feeding of the GBE diet.3. Decreases in 5‐hydroxytryptamine content in platelets, a marker of platelet activation in vivo associated with hypertension, were also prevented by feeding of the GBE diet. Ginkgo biloba extract itself did not inhibit ADP‐ and collagen‐induced platelet aggregation examined in vitro. Feeding of the GBE diet tended to inhibit increases in plasma urea nitrogen due to hypertension.4. The telemetry study demonstrated that BP and heart rate (HR) showed a clear circadian rhythm and the anti‐ hypertensive effect of GBE was prominent in the daytime, a resting period for rats. This anti‐hypertensive effect of GBE was not detected in normotensive rats. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of GBE on HR was independent of time and was observed in both normotensive and hypertensive rats.5. These results indicate that GBE has an anti‐hypertensive and bradycardiac action, which are time dependent and independent, respectively. Thus, it appears that the chronopharmacological action of GBE may be ascribed not to pharmacokinetic factors, but rather to a circadian susceptibility rhythm to GBE in DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats.
Isoproterenol‐Induced Hypertrophy May Result In Distinct Left Ventricular Changes
Authors: Murad Neif , Tucci Paulo Jf 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY1. The aim of the present study was to analyse the possible lack of uniformity in isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial hypertrophy.2. Data obtained for isovolumic hearts isolated from 20 rats treated with ISO (0.3 mg/kg over 8 days) were divided into two groups (H1, n = 10; H2, n = 10) according to the volume (mean±SD) needed to change left ventricle diastolic pressure from 0 to 40 mmHg (H1, 184±30 μL; H2, 108±14 μL). Eight control rats (C; 165±37 μL) were used for comparison.3. In addition to ventricular distensibility differences, the groups differed in terms of myocardial mass (mean±SEM: H1, 181±3 mg > H2, 166±3 mg > C, 136±3 mg; P < 0.001), of relaxation constant (H2, 43±4 msec > H1, 28±2 msec; P = 0.0012) and of maximum developed circumferential stress (C, 145±9 kdyn/cm
2 = H1, 137±6 kdyn/cm
2 > H2, 110±4 kdyn/cm
2; P = 0.002).4. Our results show that ISO‐induced myocardial hypertrophy is not homogeneous. Data obtained for H2, taken as a whole and compared with H1 (smaller myocardial mass and impairment of relaxation, elastic stiffness and force generation), suggest that, in some animals, myocardial necrosis and reparative fibrosis may prevail over the stimulus for myocyte growth. The lack of uniformity of ISO‐induced myocardial hypertrophy has not been previously reported and may have contributed to the divergence observed in the literature regarding the functional characteristics of the present model.
Acute And Chronic Sympathoinhibition On Carotid Artery Diameter Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Effects Of Clonidine And Flesinoxan
Authors: Dabiré H , Chamiot‐Clerc P , Chaouche‐Teyara K , Fournier B , Safar Me 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY1. Hypertensive conduit arteries are thicker and stiffer than those of normotensive controls. Whether they are specifically sensitive to central sympathoinhibition has never been investigated.2. The effects of acute (24 h infusion) and chronic (4 week infusion) treatments with clonidine (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg per day) and flesinoxan (1 and 3 mg/kg per day) on carotid artery diameter were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. At the end of treatment, blood pressure (BP) was recorded in the rats while they were conscious. Rats were then anaesthetized for carotid artery diameter measurements using an ultrasonic echo‐tracking device.3. In conscious rats, clonidine significantly decreased BP and heart rate (HR) following acute but not chronic treatment. In contrast, flesinoxan significantly decreased BP following both the acute and chronic treatment. In anaesthetized animals, the two agents have opposite effects on isobaric carotid artery diameter, with a decrease under clonidine and an increase under flesinoxan. After 4 weeks infusion, the reactivity of aortic rings was studied in organ chambers. Flesinoxan, but not clonidine, caused the relaxation of potassium chloride precontracted aortic segments.4. The results indicate that although clonidine and flesinoxan are centrally acting antihypertensive agents, the drug‐induced changes in isobaric carotid diameter may be influenced by local factors independent of the central action of the two drugs.