bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of arsenobetaine, a major organic arsenic compound in seafood, on the maturation and functions of human peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells
Authors: Ohta Takami , Sakurai Teruaki , Fujiwara Kitao 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe examine the in vitro immunotoxicity of synthetically pure arsenobetaine [AsBe; trimethyl (carboxymethyl) arsonium zwitterion], which is a major organic arsenic compound in seafood, on various human immune cells, such as peripheral blood monocytes, monocyte‐derived macrophages and monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs). In particular, we examine the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages or DCs by comparing the effects of AsBe with those pentavalent inorganic arsenate. AsBe neither enhanced nor inhibited the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages or DCs, and also did not affect their various immune functions. Furthermore, AsBe had no cytolethality in monocyte‐derived macrophages or DCs even at a concentration of 5 mmol l−1. In contrast, inorganic arsenate showed strong cytolethality in these human immune cells in vitro at micromolar concentrations. These data indicate that the organic arsenic compound AsBe in seafood has no in vitro immunotoxicity in human immune cells. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of humic substances and soya lecithin on the aerobic bioremediation of a soil historically contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Authors: Fava Fabio , Berselli Sara , Conte Pellegrino , Piccolo Alessandro , Marchetti Leonardo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe high hydrophobicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) strongly reduces their bioavailability in aged contaminated soils, thus limiting their bioremediation. The biodegradation of PAHs in soils can be enhanced by employing surface‐active agents. However, chemical surfactants are often recalcitrant and exert toxic effects in the amended soils. The effects of two biogenic materials as pollutant‐mobilizing agents on the aerobic bioremediation of an aged‐contaminated soil were investigated here. A soil historically contaminated by about 13 g kg−1 of a large variety of PAHs, was amended with soya lecithin (SL) or humic substances (HS) at 1.5% w/w and incubated in aerobic solid‐phase and slurry‐phase reactors for 150 days. A slow and only partial biodegradation of low‐molecular weight PAHs, along with a moderate depletion of the initial soil ecotoxicity, was observed in the control reactors. The overall removal of PAHs in the presence of SL or HS was faster and more extensive and accompanied by a larger soil detoxification, especially under slurry‐phase conditions. The SL and HS could be metabolized by soil aerobic microorganisms and enhanced the occurrence of both soil PAHs and indigenous aerobic PAH‐degrading bacteria in the reactor water phase. These results indicate that SL and HS are biodegradable and efficiently enhance PAH bioavailability in soil. These natural surfactants significantly intensified the aerobic bioremediation of a historically PAH‐contaminated soil under treatment conditions similar to those commonly employed in large‐scale soil bioremediation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energy‐efficient growth of phage Qβ in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kim Hwijin , Yin John 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe role of natural selection in the optimal design of organisms is controversial. Optimal forms, functions, or behaviors of organisms have long been claimed without knowledge of how genotype contributes to phenotype, delineation of design constraints, or reference to alternative designs. Moreover, arguments for optimal designs have been often based on models that were difficult, if not impossible, to test. Here, we begin to address these issues by developing and probing a kinetic model for the intracellular growth of bacteriophage Qβ in Escherichia coli. The model accounts for the energetic costs of all template‐dependent polymerization reactions, in ATP equivalents, including RNA‐dependent RNA elongation by the phage replicase and synthesis of all phage proteins by the translation machinery of the E. coli host cell. We found that translation dominated phage growth, requiring 85% of the total energy expenditure. Only 10% of the total energy was applied to activities other than the direct synthesis of progeny phage components, reflecting primarily the cost of making the negative‐strand RNA template that is needed for replication of phage genomic RNA. Further, we defined an energy efficiency of phage growth and showed its direct relationship to the yield of phage progeny. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis and found that the growth of wild‐type phage was optimized for progeny yield or energy efficiency, suggesting that phage Qβ has evolved to optimally utilize the finite resources of its host cells. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneous conditions in dissolved oxygen affect N‐glycosylation but not productivity of a monoclonal antibody in hybridoma cultures
Authors: Serrato J. Antonio , Palomares Laura A. , Meneses‐Acosta Angélica , Ramírez Octavio T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt is known that heterogeneous conditions exist in large‐scale animal cell cultures. However, little is known about how heterogeneities affect cells, productivities, and product quality. To study the effect of non‐constant dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), hybridomas were subjected to sinusoidal DOT oscillations in a one‐compartment scale‐down simulator. Oscillations were forced by manipulating the inlet oxygen partial pressure through a feedback control algorithm in a 220‐mL bioreactor maintained at a constant agitation. Such temporal DOT oscillations simulate spatial DOT gradients that can occur in large scales. Different oscillation periods, in the range of 800 to 12,800 s (axis of 7% (air saturation) and amplitude of 7%), were tested and compared to constant DOT (10%) control cultures. Oscillating DOT decreased maximum cell concentrations, cell growth rates, and viability indexes. Cultures at oscillating DOT had an increased glycolytic metabolism that was evidenced by a decrease in yield of cells on glucose and an increase in lactate yield. DOT gradients, even several orders of magnitude higher than those expected under practical large‐scale conditions, did not significantly affect the maximum concentration of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb). The glycosylation profile of the MAb produced at a constant DOT of 10% was similar to that reported in the literature. However, MAb produced under oscillating culture conditions had a higher amount of triantennary and sialylated glycans, which can interfere with effector functions of the antibody. It was shown that transient excursions of hybridomas to limiting DOT, as occurs in deficiently mixed large‐scale bioreactors, is important to culture performance as the oscillation period, and thus the time cells spent at low DOT, affected cell growth, metabolism, and the glycosylation pattern of MAb. Such results underline the importance of monitoring protein characteristics for the development of large‐scale processes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer programs for temperature in fins and slab bodies with the method of Green's functions
Authors: Cole Kevin D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHeat conduction in fins and slab bodies, a traditional undergraduate topic, is treated with the Green's function (GF) method. A variety of boundary conditions and heating conditions are included. Computer programs are described which are designed to improve student learning of the GF method. The programs are available from the author. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 189–197, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20010
Experimenting with a computer‐mediated collaborative interaction model to support engineering courses
Authors: Fuller David A. , Moreno Andres F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMany of the engineering education lecture courses are taught only with the support of a board or transparencies. In both cases, the students have to copy the material passed in class, including additional annotations and comments. We performed a controlled experiment to measure the impact of the insertion of a computer mediated collaborative interaction model to support the teaching/learning process in such scenarios, using a Web‐based computer application. Our experiment was done during two consecutive semesters of a First Year Programming Engineering course, with 447 enrolled students where 234 students were surveyed. In this paper, we describe the design and execution of the experiment, and show the obtained results. Based on our results, we conclude that there are advantages of using a collaborative interaction model supported by a collaborative software tool in an Engineering course such as the experimented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 175–188, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20012
A learning model based on a didactic cognitive approach: The case of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems
Authors: Laureano‐Cruces Ana Lilia , Terán‐Gilmore Amador , Arriaga Fernando de 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAiding the acquisition of cognitive abilities is an important issue within the teaching–learning process. The student should not only control his/her own learning process, but also the way he/she does it. One of the new developments in education, focused on achieving those goals, is the use of tools, models, and techniques derived from cognitive psychology to improve the design of course “curricula” within a specific knowledge domain. The paper presents a learning model that focuses on a specific topic, and uses a cognitive approach for building human expert mental models and schemes, partially based on the concepts of Forbus' qualitative theory. Regarding the didactic approach, the authors' experience is taken into account within a “student centered” learning approach, in which training or learning systems have a great significance. All these elements are integrated in the formulation of an intelligent learning prototype, now under construction, that fosters a qualitative understanding of the domain, before the quantitative part is dealt with. The selected domain is a specific topic of structural dynamics known as single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 152–164, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20013
A set of microprocessor‐based procedures for an industrial engineering course
Authors: González E. J. , Hamilton A. , Moreno L. , Marichal R. L. , Torres S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNowadays, microprocessors have become an essential tool in a widely set of industrial applications. Because of this, Engineering students, especially Industrial Engineering ones, should be properly taught in its use by implementing sufficiently interesting procedures. The authors consider that these procedures should allow students to manage most of the features that a standard microprocessor offers, such as I/O ports, timer counters, serial communication, or external interruptions. In this way, this article describes a wide and reasonable‐priced set of microprocessor‐based procedures that forces Industrial Engineering students to be familiarized with the described features. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 145–151, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20015
Development of low‐cost data acquisition hardware as an undergraduate capstone senior design project
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth A. , Acierto Jonathon , Chavis Adrian 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses a capstone senior design project involving development of a data acquisition system for gaining understanding of digital signal processing at the level of hardware architecture. The Pentium II PC‐based design includes a microphone with corresponding conditioning circuitry, an analog‐to‐digital converter, an 8255 peripheral interface adapter, a MATLAB® interface, a digital‐to‐analog converter, and speakers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 198–207, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20016
Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Dialkylzinc and Diphenylzinc to Enones Catalyzed by a Chiral Copper(I) Binaphthylthiophosphoramide or Binaphthylselenophosphoramide Ligand System
Authors: Shi Min , Wang Chun‐Jiang , Zhang Wen 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe enantioselective conjugate addition of dialkylzinc or diphenylzinc to enones was catalyzed by a copper(I)‐axially chiral binaphthylthiophosphoramide or binaphthylselenophosphoramide ligand system at room temperature (20 °C) or 0 °C, affording the Michael adducts in high yields with excellent ee for cyclic and acyclic enones. The enantioselectivity and reaction rate achieved here are one of the best results yet for the Cu‐catalyzed conjugate addition to enones. It was revealed that this series of chiral phosphoramides was a novel type of S,N‐bidentate ligands on the basis of 31P NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic investigations. The mechanism of this asymmetric conjugate addition system has been investigated as well. We found that the acidic proton of phosphoramide in these chiral ligands play a significant role in the formation of the active species. A bimetallic catalytic process has been proposed on the basis of previous literature. The linear effect of product ee and ligand ee further revealed that the active species is a monomeric CuI complex bearing a single ligand [CuI:ligand 1:1].
Synthesis of Colloidal Mn2+: ZnO Quantum Dots and High‐Tc Ferromagnetic Nanocrystalline Thin Films.
Authors: Norberg Nick S. , Kittilstved Kevin R. , Amonette James E. , Kukkadapu Ravi K. , Schwartz Dana A. , Gamelin Daniel R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Exo‐ and Endocyclic Oxazolinyl—Phosphane Palladium Complexes: Catalytic Behavior in Allylic Alkylation Processes.
Authors: Franco Delphine , Gomez Montserrat , Jimenez Francisco , Muller Guillermo , Rocamora Merce , Maestro Miguel Angel , Mahia Jose 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Thiocarboxylated Ions: Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Thioesters and Memory Effect/Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Esters.
Authors: Luessem Bernhard J. , Gais Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium/Chloride Catalytic System for Conjugate Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Acrylate Esters.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Washitake Yosuke , Nishiguchi Yoshiki , Maeda Yasunari , Uemura Sakae 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Tin‐Free Procedure for Alkyl Radical Reactions.
Authors: Benati Luisa , Leardini Rino , Minozzi Matteo , Nanni Daniele , Scialpi Rosanna , Spagnolo Piero , Strazzari Samantha , Zanardi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of Thiols with 1‐Butyl‐4‐aza‐1‐azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Dichromate (BABOD) under Non‐Aqueous Conditions.
Authors: Hajipour A. R. , Bagheri Hamid , Ruoho Arnold E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aerobic Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides Catalyzed by Trichlorooxyvanadium.
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Okubo Kumiko , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Kato Yoko , Ochiai Yuta , Matsushita Shinya , Hatano Akihiko , Kanamori Kan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bis(diazaphospholidine) Ligands for Asymmetric Hydroformylation: Use of ESPHOS and Derivatives Based on Ferrocene and Diarylether Backbones.
Authors: Clarkson Guy J. , Ansell Jeffrey R. , Cole‐Hamilton David J. , Pogorzelec Peter J. , Whittell John , Wills Martin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Facile Procedure for Clay‐Catalyzed Acetonide Protection and Deprotection of N(Boc)‐Amino Alcohols and Protection of 1,2‐Diols.
Authors: Shaikh Nadim S. , Bhor Santosh S. , Gajare Anil S. , Deshpande Vishnu H. , Wakharkar Radhika D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Part 18. Synthesis and Spectral Parameters of 1,3‐Dialkyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐diazoketones.
Authors: Zhdanova O. V. , Korneev S. M. , Nikolaev V. A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Functional Methacryloyloxy Acetals. Part 5. Electrophilic Addition of Carboxylic Acids to 2‐Vinyloxyethyl Methacrylate.
Authors: Vysotskaya O. V. , Oparina L. A. , Parshina L. N. , Tatarinova A. A. , Trofimov B. A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Domino Carbocationic Rearrangements of α‐[Bis(methylthio)methylene]alkyl‐2‐(heteroaryl)cyclopropyl Ketones.
Authors: Peruncheralathan S. , Sriram V. , Ila H. , Junjappa H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Cyclobutanones as γ‐Irradiation Marker Products of Lipid‐Containing Foods.
Authors: Verniest Guido , Boterberg Stefaan , Colpaert Jeroen , Van Thienen Tinneke , Stevens Christian V. , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Phenol Derivatives by Ring Opening and Rearrangement of Diels—Alder Cycloadducts of Substituted Furans Using Heterogeneous Catalysis and Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Moreno Andres , Gomez Maria Victoria , Vazquez Ester , de la Hoz Antonio , Diaz‐Ortiz Angel , Prieto Pilar , Mayoral Jose Antonio , Pires Elisabet 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Free ortho‐Alkylation of Aromatic Imines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Vo‐Thanh Giang , Lahrache Hind , Loupy Andre , Kim In‐Jung , Chang Duck‐Ho , Jun Chul‐Ho 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Highly Efficient and Practical New PEG‐Bound Bi‐Cinchona Alkaloid Ligand for the Catalytic Asymmetric Aminohydroxylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Yang Xi‐Wen , Liu Han‐Quan , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organic Reactions in Ionic Liquids: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Aryl Sulfones by Alkylation of Sodium Arenesulfinates with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Hu Yi , Chen Zhen‐Chu , Le Zhang‐Gao , Zheng Qin‐Guo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal Bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide Complexes: Highly Efficient Friedel—Crafts Acylation Catalysts.
Authors: Earle Martyn J. , Hakala Ullastiina , McAuley Barry J. , Nieuwenhuyzen Mark , Ramani Alwar , Seddon Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Benzo[b]naphtho[2,3‐d]furan‐6,11‐dione via One‐Pot Remote Anionic Fries Rearrangement and Metalation Reaction.
Authors: Azevedo Mariangela S. , Alves Glaucia B. C. , Cardoso Jari N. , Lopes Rosangela S. C. , Lopes Claudio C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral 3‐Substituted Indolines by Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Indoles.
Authors: Kuwano Ryoichi , Kaneda Kohei , Ito Takashi , Sato Koji , Kurokawa Takashi , Ito Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐carboxamide and 2‐Carbamoyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole 1‐Oxide Derivatives Based on Hydrazones of Oxamic Acid Thiohydrazides.
Authors: Yarovenko V. N. , Shirokov A. V. , Zavarzin I. V. , Krupinova O. N. , Ignatenko A. V. , Krayushkin M. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Reduction of 5‐Oxoindeno[1,2‐b]pyridinium Perchlorates in the Presence of Alkylating Agents.
Authors: Turovska B. , Muceniece D. , Lusis V. , Turovskis I. , Liepin'sh E. , Stradins J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anomalous Beckmann Reaction of 4‐Aryl‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline Oximes in Polyphosphoric Acid. Part 1. New Synthesis of 1‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐2,5,5‐trimethyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrido [2,3,4‐k,l]acridines.
Authors: Tolkunov S. V. , Khyzhan A. I. , Dulenko V. I. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
6‐Arylamino‐7‐chloro‐quinazoline‐5,8‐diones as Novel Cytotoxic and DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitory Agents.
Authors: Park Hyen Joo , Kim Young‐Shin , Kim Jin Sung , Lee Eun‐Jin , Yi You‐Jin , Hwang Hye Jin , Suh Myung‐Eun , Ryu Chung‐Kyu , Lee Sang Kook 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Procedure for the Synthesis of Substituted 3‐α‐Haloalkyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐oxazines.
Authors: Klenov Michael S. , Lesiv Alexey V. , Khomutova Yulya A. , Nesterov Ivan D. , Ioffe Sema L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Hetaryl Derivatives of 3‐Oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzothiazine.
Authors: Nazarenko Konstantin G. , Shtil Nataliya A. , Chernega Alexander N. , Lozinskii Miron O. , Tolmachev Andrey A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Self‐Assembly of Cage Structure. Part 16. One‐Step Synthesis and Structure of a Tricyclic Trislactone with C3 Symmetry.
Authors: Kostyanovsky Remir G. , Krutius Oleg N. , Stankevich Andrey A. , Vilkov Lev V. , Atavin Evgenii G. , Vishnevsky Yuriy V. , Ivanov Arkadii A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Oxygenated Tricyclic Sesquiterpene from a Soft Coral of Nephthea Species of Andaman and Nicobar Coasts of Indian Ocean.
Authors: Rao Ch. Bheemasankara , Sekhar V. Chandra , Sarvani B. , Rao D. Venkata 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparative Synthesis of the Key Intermediate, (4R,5R)‐3‐Benzyloxymethyl‐4,5‐isopropylidenedioxycyclopent‐2‐enone for Carbocyclic Nucleosides.
Authors: Moon Hyung Ryong , Choi Won Jun , Kim Hea Ok , Jeong Lak Shin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organofluorine Compounds and Fluorinating Agents. Part 30. A Common Sugar as Model for Many‐Sided Natural Product Modification. From D‐Fructose via D‐Tagatose to 2‐C‐Chlorodifluoro‐methylated D‐Arabinopyranos‐5‐ulose Derivatives.
Authors: Miethchen Ralf , Tews Stefan , Shaw Arun K. , Roettger Svenja , Reinke Helmut 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thioglycuronides: Synthesis and Application in the Assembly of Acidic Oligosaccharides.
Authors: van den Bos Leendert J. , Codee Jeroen D. C. , van der Toorn John C. , Boltje Thomas J. , van Boom Jacques H. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biosynthetic Capacities of Actinomycetes. Part 31. Abyssomicins, Inhibitors of the para‐Aminobenzoic Acid Pathway Produced by the Marine Verrucosispora Strain AB‐18‐032.
Authors: Fiedler Hans‐Peter , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In vitro Microbiological Characterization of a Novel Azalide, Two Triamilides and an Azalide Ketal Against Bovine and Porcine Respiratory Pathogens.
Authors: Norcia Laura J. L. , Silvia Annette M. , Santoro Sheryl L. , Retsema Jim , Letavic Michael A. , Bronk Brian S. , Lundy Kristin M. , Yang Bingwei , Evans Nigel A. , Hayashi Shigeru F. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.