bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Center Clinical Comparison of Combination Anorganic Bovine‐Derived Hydroxyapatite Matrix (ABM)/Cell Binding Peptide (P‐15) and ABM in Human Periodontal Osseous Defects. 6‐Month Results
Authors: Yukna Raymond A. , Krauser Jack T. , Callan Donald P. , Evans Gerald H. , Cruz Renee , Martin Millicent 
Published: February 2005

Background: Intraosseous periodontal defects present a particular treatment problem. New bone replacement grafts offer promise for improved results.Methods: The role of a synthetic cell‐binding peptide (P‐15), combined with an anorganic bovine‐derived hydroxyapatite bone matrix (ABM), was compared to ABM alone in human periodontal osseous defects in a controlled, monitored, multi‐center trial. Following appropriate initial preparation procedures, flap surgery with defect and root debridement was performed. Two osseous defects per patient were treated randomly with each procedure after surgical preparation. Appropriate periodontal maintenance schedules were followed, and at 6 to 7 months, re‐entry flap surgery was performed for documentation and finalization of treatment.Results: T test and Mann‐Whitney U analyses of patient mean values from 33 patients revealed that the combination ABM/P‐15 grafts demonstrated significantly better mean defect fill of 2.9 ± 1.2 mm (72.9%) versus a mean defect fill of 2.2 ± 1.4 mm (50.67%) for defects treated with ABM (P <0.05). Other hard tissue findings showed similar clinically superior results with the use of ABM/P‐15. Relative defect fill results showed 81% positive (50% to 100% defect fill) responses with ABM/P‐15 and 67% positive responses with ABM. There were 3.5 times as many optimal results (≥90% defect fill) with ABM/P‐15 and twice as many failures (minimal response) with ABM. Soft tissue findings showed no significant differences between treatments.Conclusions: These results suggest that the use of the P‐15 synthetic cell‐binding peptide combined with ABM yields better clinical results than the ABM alone in intrabony periodontal defects. J Periodontol 2000;71:1671‐1679.
Treatment of Human Mucogingival Defects Utilizing a Bioabsorbable Membrane With and Without a Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft
Authors: Duval Benjamin T. , Maynard J. Gary , Gunsolley John C. , Waldrop Thomas C. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The use of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has become an effective procedure for the treatment of gingival recession. No reports exist on the use of a bioabsorbable membrane in combination with a demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) for the treatment of these defects.Methods: Fourteen (14) patients with 17 recession defects were included in this clinical study. Each patient had at least 1 tooth with 3 mm or greater marginal tissue recession on the facial surface as measured from the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ). Each patient was treated by GTR using a bioabsorbable membrane. When the first patient presented for inclusion in the study, a coin was flipped to determine if the tooth being treated would be a test tooth (DFDBA) or a control tooth (no DFDBA). Each subsequent patient was alternated between test and control. Immediately prior to the surgical procedure, measurements were made which included recession depth, recession width at the widest point, probing depth, amount of keratinized tissue, and marginal tissue thickness. Local anesthesia was administered, and a measurement from the CEJ to the bone crest was made by sounding through the attachment.Results: The mean initial recession for all defects was 3.35 mm (SD ± 0.49) and at 6 months postsurgery, mean recession was 0.47 mm (SD ± 0.62). This correlated to 86% root coverage for both treatments. For all defects treated, there was a statistically significant increase in keratinized tissue (mean 0.88 mm) and tissue thickness (mean 0.47 mm) and a significant decrease in probing bone level (mean 0.76 mm). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for any parameter.Conclusions: Although only 14 subjects with 17 defects were included in this study, the results suggest that the treatment of human gingival recession with a bioabsorbable membrane with or without the use of DFDBA results in significant root coverage, and slight, but significant improvements in keratinized tissue, tissue thickness, and bone level. The greatest limitation of the study was its lack of statistical power. Twenty‐two (22) subjects would have been required for the results of the study to show equivalence between groups. J Periodontol 2000;71:1687‐1692.
Width of Keratinized Tissue After Gingivoplasty of Healed Subepithelial Connective Tissue Grafts
Authors: Maurer Susanne , Hayes Catherine , Leone Cataldo 
Published: February 2005

Background: The subepithelial connective tissue graft has markedly broadened clinicians' abilities to treat gingival recession. Frequently, however, bulky soft tissue contours are sequelae of this procedure, and post‐healing gingivoplasty is often performed to improve esthetics of the grafted site. As a secondary benefit, it is believed that the zone of keratinized tissue is additionally increased after gingivoplasty.Methods: To further investigate this clinical impression, 16 bilateral pairs of sites with recession in 6 consecutive patients (mean age = 38 ± 9 years) were studied. At the time of initial grafting, one site in each pair was randomly assigned to receive either gingivoplasty 2 months later (GP+) or no further treatment (GP‐). Clinical measurement of recession and keratinized tissue width was standardized using customized acrylic stents and Schiller iodine solution, which stains epithelia; values were recorded at baseline (day of graft) and at 2, 3, and 5 months after grafting. Mean clinical gingival widths over time between GP+ and GP‐ sites, as well as within GP+ sites, were analyzed by t test.Results: At 5 months, both the GP+ and GP‐ sites demonstrated a mean root coverage of 87.4% and increased keratinized tissue width (1.2 mm) when compared to their respective baseline measures. No differences in recession depth and width of keratinized tissue were seen at 5 months between the GP+ and GP− groups. In addition, no differences in recession or gingival width were found between 2‐ and 5‐month observations for either the GP+ or GP‐ groups.Conclusions: These data suggest that the observed clinical improvements are the outcome of the initial graft surgery and that the gingivoplasty procedure does not result in additional (or “rebound”) increases in keratinized tissue width. J Periodontol 2000;71:1729‐1736.
Ameliorated Effect of L‐Arginine Supplementation on Gingival Morphology in Cyclosporin‐Treated Rats
Authors: Fu Earl , Tz‐Chong Chou , Liu Demeral , Chiu Shian‐Chung 
Published: February 2005

Background: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of cyclosporin (CsA)‐induced gingival overgrowth is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NO substrate (L‐arginine) and blockade (N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methylester‐hydrochloride, L‐NAME) on the gingival morphology in CsA‐fed rats.Methods: Sixty CsA‐fed (10mg/kg/day) male Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to 3 groups. Animals in 2 experimental groups received L‐arginine (1% weight/weight) in rat chowder or L‐NAME (50 mg/l) in drinking water, respectively, for 4 weeks. Rats in the control group were fed a normal diet and water. At week 0, 2, and 4, dental stone models were made from the mandibular anterior region and the gingival dimensions (width, depth, and height) were measured. The tail cuff blood pressure and the plasma nitrate level were also measured at week 4 to monitor the effects of L‐arginine and L‐NAME treatment.Results: No significant difference in the gingival dimensions was noticed at week 0; however, significant differences were observed at weeks 2 and 4, except the buccolingual depth at week 2. While the magnitude of gingival dimensions was large, moderate, and small in control, L‐NAME, and L‐arginine groups, respectively, we found significantly reduced gingival dimensions in both L‐arginine supplement and L‐NAME groups. Nevertheless, the reduced gingival overgrowth in the L‐NAME treatment group was far less than that in the exogenous NO treatment group. Plasma NO2‐/ NO3‐ concentrations were also significantly different; i.e., from the highest to the lowest levels were the L‐arginine, CsA control, and L‐NAME group, respectively. A significantly increased mean and diastolic blood pressure was found in the L‐NAME group compared to the L‐arginine group.Conclusions: Gingival morphology in CsA‐fed rats was evaluated after NO substrate (L‐arginine) and blockade (L‐NAME) treatment for 4 weeks. Significantly decreased dimensions were noted in the L‐arginine group compared to the CsA group at weeks 2 and 4. Although an inhibitory effect on the gingival morphology was also observed in the L‐NAME group, another unknown mechanism might be involved. Within the limitations of the study, we suggest that NO may have an important role in the mechanism of CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth. J Periodontol 2000;71:1737‐1742.
Guided Bone Regeneration Around Endosseous Implants With Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Bioabsorbable Versus Non‐Resorbable Barriers
Authors: Carpio Lillian , Loza Juan , Lynch Samuel , Genco Robert 
Published: February 2005

Background: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a viable treatment for osseous defects surrounding dental implants. Controversy exists regarding the choice of barrier membrane used and the method of membrane fixation to achieve GBR.Methods: This study compared the efficacy of a porcine‐derived bioabsorbable collagen membrane and an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane (non‐resorbable) for GBR using a bovine bone xenograft/autograft bone composite in defects surrounding dental implants. The study also examined the effect of primary barrier fixation on GBR. Defect size was recorded at Stage 1 and 2 surgeries (performed 6 months apart). Forty‐eight subjects (41% males, 59% females) requiring GBR were treated with either collagen (23) or ePTFE (25) barriers, respectively. Implants were titanium self‐tapping screw‐type. In 34 GBR sites, barrier fixation was achieved with polylactic acid resorbable pins. The remaining barriers were secured with the implant cover screw and/or embedded beneath the flaps.Results: At 6 months, a decrease in defect width (collagen barrier 1.95 ± 0.60 mm, ePTFE barrier 2.65 ± 0.56 mm), length (collagen barrier 2.65 ± 0.61 mm, ePTFE barrier 2.26 ± 0.66 mm), and circumference (degrees) (collagen barrier 57.7 ± 18.7, ePTFE barrier 80.2 ± 19.9) was observed for both membranes. A significant number (X 2, P = 0.041) of postoperative complications occurred when barrier fixation was lacking at initial surgery. Furthermore, a significant difference (P <0.05) in the success of GBR with respect to defect size was observed when barrier fixation was taken into account.Conclusions: In conclusion, both collagen and ePTFE barriers proved suitable for achieving GBR of osseous defects surrounding dental implants. The results of this study stress the importance of barrier fixation at the time of initial surgery. J Periodontol 2000;71:1743‐1749.
Comparison of 5 Protocols Based on Their Abilities to Use Data Extracted From Digitized Clinical Radiographs to Discriminate Between Patients With Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Authors: Shrout Michael K. , Hildebolt Charles F. , Potter Brad J. , Comer Robert W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study was undertaken to compare 5 digital analytic protocols for their abilities to extract data from digital clinical radiographs and discriminate between patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.Methods: Five digital‐image analysis protocols were compared for their abilities to discriminate between two groups of 24 patients each. One group was diagnosed with healthy gingiva (or gingivitis) and the second with periodontitis. These groups were previously evaluated in published studies that used fractal and morphologic analyses. Pre‐existing clinical radiographs for each patient were digitized and regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on interdental bone in mandibular posterior quadrants. The 5 protocols used were: 1) MGB: a median filtration to remove high‐frequency noise, a Gaussian filtration to remove low‐frequency noise, binarization of the resulting image, and quantification of the black pixels; 2) MGBS: the same protocol as MGB except for a skeletonization of the binary image and a quantification of the skeleton's pixels; 3) GBS: Gaussian filtration, binarization (thresholding on the mean pixel value) of the resulting image, skeletonization, and quantification of the pixels of the skeleton; 4) NS: normalization, skeletonization, and quantification of the skeleton's pixels; and 5) S: a variation of NS, except normalization was not used. The resulting values for the 2 patient groups were compared with Mann‐Whitney U tests and effect likelihood‐ratio test.Results: For digitized radiographs, the mean gray‐scale value (± standard deviation) for gingivitis patients was 183.22 ± 18.53 and for periodontitis patients 181.26 ± 17.20. Mann‐Whitney U tests resulted in the following P values for these protocols: MGBS <0.01; S <0.01; GBS <0.01; NS <0.01; and MGB <0.83. Effect likelihood‐ratio tests indicated that only MGBS and S significantly contributed to models containing the other factors.Conclusions: Small variations to protocols affected the strength of the discrimination between the gingivitis and periodontitis groups. While there is potential for morphologic analysis to be used to discriminate between patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, a robust technique was not identified. J Periodontol 2000;71:1750‐1755.
Treatment of Periodontal Destruction Associated With a Cemental Tear Using Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Harrel Stephen K. , Wright John M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: A patient presented with moderate probing depth, pain on occlusal contact, and a fistula on a mandibular bicuspid. The probing depth increased 2 mm over a 3‐month period despite relief of the occlusal trauma and resolution of the fistula. A radiograph showed an apparent separation of the cementum in the area of the pocket.Methods: The lesion was treated using a minimally invasive surgical approach to place a bone graft.Results: The probing depth was reduced to 2 mm with less than 1 mm of increased recession. A histologic examination of the damaged calcified tissue confirmed that it was cementum.Conclusions: The increasing probing depth associated with a cemental tear seems to indicate that this phenomenon contributed to loss of attachment and bone. Removal of the detached cementum in combination with bone grafting using a minimally invasive surgical approach appears to have successfully corrected the periodontal destruction. J Periodontol 2000;7l:1761‐1766.
Enamel Matrix Derivative in the Treatment of Human Intrabony Osseous Defects
Authors: Okuda Kazuhiro , Momose Manabu , Miyazaki Akira , Murata Masashi , Yokoyama Shigeru , Yonezawa Yukari , Wolff Larry F. , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: February 2005

Background: There is limited information available from clinical trials regarding the performance of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, split‐mouth study was designed to compare the clinical and radiographical effects of EMD treatment to that of placebo‐controlled treatment for intrabony defects.Methods: Sixteen patients were included, each of whom had 1 or 2 pairs of intrabony defects located contralaterally in the same arch. Thirty‐six intrabony defects were randomly assigned treatment with flap surgery plus EMD or flap surgery plus placebo. At baseline and at the 12‐month follow‐up evaluation visit, clinical and radiographic measurements were determined. Data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon‐signed rank test (α = 0.05).Results: At the 12‐month visit, bleeding on probing for the EMD group was 0.11 ± 0.32 compared to the placebo group, 0.61 ± 0.50 (P <0.05). Probing depth reduction was greater in the EMD group (3.00 ± 0.97 mm) compared to the placebo group (2.22 ± 0.81 mm) (P <0.05). Mean values for clinical attachment gain in the EMD and the placebo groups were 1.72 ± 1.07 mm and 0.83 ± 0.86 mm, respectively (P <0.05). Vertical relative attachment gain was 38.5 ± 22.6% in the EMD group and 21.4 ± 25.2% in the placebo group (P <0.05). Radiographic bone density gain was greater in the EMD (20.2 ± 16.6%) compared to the placebo group (−3.94 ± 23.3%) (P <0.01).Conclusions: Treatment with flap surgery and EMD, compared to flap surgery with placebo, produced a significantly more favorable clinical improvement in intrabony periodontal defects. J Periodontol 2000;71:1821‐1828.
Enamel Factors Regulate Expression of Genes Associated With Cementoblasts
Authors: Tokiyasu Y. , Takata T. , Saygin E. , Somerman M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: In order to design predictable periodontal regenerative therapies, it is important to understand the responsiveness of cells within the local environment to factors considered attractive candidates. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on cementoblast behavior in vitro and in vivo.Methods: Osteocalcin (OC) promoter SV40 transgenic mice were used to obtain cementoblasts. For comparison, preosteoblasts from these mice, as well as another murine preosteoblast cell line, MC3T3‐E1 cells, were used. Cells exposed to EMD were evaluated for changes in: 1) proliferation over an 8‐day period by cell counting; 2) gene expression using Northern blot analysis; and 3) biomineralization by von Kossa stain, in vitro and by preparing histological samples from implants retrieved from immunodeficient (SCID) mice, where cementoblasts were treated with EMD prior to implantation.Results: EMD promoted proliferation of all cell types. EMD down‐regulated osteocalcin transcripts in cementoblasts and MC3T3‐E1 cells and up‐regulated osteopontin gene expression markedly in MC3T3‐E1 cells and slightly in cementoblasts at day 8. In vitro, EMD decreased cementoblast‐mediated biomineralization. In contrast, mineralization was noted in implants retrieved from SCID mice, where cells were pretreated with EMD.Conclusion: These results indicate that EMD can influence activities of cementoblasts and osteoblasts, and thus may be able to regulate cell activities at a periodontal regenerative site. J Periodontol 2000;71:1829‐1839.
Treatment of Intraosseous Defects with Bioabsorbable Barriers Alone or in Combination With Decalcified Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Trejo P.M. , Weltman R. , Caffesse R. 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study clinically compares the outcomes obtained from the use of a bioabsorbable barrier device in combination with demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) to the results obtained from the barrier device used alone in the treatment of human intraosseous defects.Methods: The study consisted of 30 patients with one intraosseous periodontal defect each. The trial included defects with loss of attachment of ≥6 mm, with a radiographically detectable defect of at least mm and with at least 2 remaining osseous walls. After the hygienic phase, at baseline, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession (REC) were measured. During open flap debridement, the defects were randomly assigned to receive either a polylactic acid (PLA) barrier in combination with DFDBA (test) or a PLA barrier alone (control). Additionally, baseline osseous intrasurgical measurements of the periodontal defect were obtained to evaluate the amount of bone regeneration. PD, CAL, and REC were remeasured at 6 and 12 months postsurgery and osseous measurements repeated at 12 months during a re‐entry procedure.Results: Two‐sample t‐test comparisons of mean PD, CAL, and REC measurements (mm) between test (PLA+DFDBA) and control (PLA alone) groups at baseline, PLA+DFDBA: PD = 7.3, CAL = 8.1, REC = ‐0.7; PLA‐alone: PD = 7.9, CAL = 8.4, REC = ‐0.5, were not statistically different (P >0.05). The following mean changes (Δ) at 6 months for the test and the control groups were: decreased PD = 3.6 and 4.0 mm; gain CAL = 2.7 and 3.1 mm; and increased REC = ‐0.8 and ‐0.8 mm, respectively. At 12 months the changes for the test and control groups were: decreased PD = 3.3 and 4.1 mm; gain CAL = 2.3 and 3.2 mm; and increased REC = ‐0.8 and ‐1.0 mm, respectively. Two‐sample t‐test comparisons between PD, CAL, and REC changes yielded no significant differences between treatments (P >0.05), except for the change in CAL at 12 months in favor of the control group, P = 0.008. Comparisons of osseous measurements resulted in no significant differences between groups at baseline and at 12 months (P >0.05). The intrabony defect filled on the average 3.72 mm for the test and 4.85 mm for the control group. The experimental defects showed a 4.73 mm defect depth reduction, while the control defects reduced 5.35 mm. Re‐entry measurements of osseous crest resorption were 1.1 mm for the test and 0.61 mm for the control.Conclusions: In the intraosseous defects treated in this study, the addition of DFDBA to the GTR procedure did not significantly enhance the clinical results obtained with the GTR procedure alone. J Periodontol 2000;71:1852‐1861.
The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Systemic Ornidazole in Sites With and Without Subgingival Debridement in Early‐Onset Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Kamma Joanna J. , Nakou Mela , Mitsis Fotis J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of systemic ornidazole (ORN) in sites with or without subgingival debridement in early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) patients.Methods: Two pooled bacterial samples consisting of 4 sites each (scaled and non‐scaled sites) were obtained from 30 individuals exhibiting EOP. All patients received oral hygiene instruction (OHI), supragingival scaling and ORN. Subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out only in scaled sites. Bacterial samples were taken at baseline (BL) and 1 week and 2, 6, and 12 months after systemic ornidazole administration (500 mg/bid for 7 days). One more sample was taken at scaled sites, one week after SRP.Results: One week following SRP (scaled sites) Gram‐negative facultative and anaerobic rods were significantly reduced while Gram‐positive facultative cocci were significantly increased. After ORN administration, P. gingivalis, P. denticola, P. intermedia, B. forsythus, C. rectus, and S. sputigena were no longer detectable in either scaled or non‐scaled sites. A statistically significant long‐term (2, 6, and 12 months) reduction of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, P. loescheii, B. forsythus, and C. rectus and a pronounced increase of S. milleri, S. oralis, and S. sanguis counts in both scaled and non‐scaled sites were detected in comparison to baseline. A sustained reduction of bleeding tendency and of probing depth was also observed in both scaled and non‐scaled sites.Conclusions: ORN combined with SRP effects beneficial shifts in the bacterial population associated with substantial clinical improvement, thereby indicating that ORN is effective adjunct in the treatment of EOP deep periodontal pockets where anaerobic bacteria are predominant. J Periodontol 2000;71:1862‐1873.