bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo effects of a multimerized αs1‐casein enhancer on whey acidic protein gene promoter activity
Authors: Pantano Thais , Rival‐Gervier Sylvie , Prince Sonia , Bourhis Celeste Menck‐Le , Maeder Caroline , Viglietta Céline , Houdebine Louis‐Marie , Jolivet Geneviève 
Published: May 2003

AbstractExperimental data obtained in previous works have led to postulate that enhancers increase the frequency of action of a linked promoter in a given cell and may have some insulating effects. The multimerized rabbit αs1‐casein gene enhancer, the 6i multimer, was added upstream of the rabbit whey acidic protein gene (WAP) promoter (−6,300; +28 bp) fused to the firefly luciferase (luc) gene (6i WAP‐luc construct). The 6i multimer increased reporter gene expression in mouse mammary HC11 cells. In transgenic mice, a very weak but significant increase was also observed. More noticeable, no silent lines were found when the 6i multimer was associated to the WAP‐luc construct. This reflects the fact that the 6i multimer tends to prevent the silencing of the WAP‐luc construct. After addition of the 5′HS4 insulator region from the chicken β‐globin locus upstream of the 6i multimer, similar luciferase levels were measured in 6i WAP‐luc and 5′HS4 WAP‐luc transgenic mice. Our present data and previous ones, which show that the 6i multimer has no insulating activity on a TK gene promoter construct indicate that the insulating activity of the 6i multimer is construct‐dependent and not amplified by the 5′HS4 insulator. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 262–268, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and role of calcium‐ATPase pump and sodium‐calcium exchanger in differentiated trophoblasts from human term placenta
Authors: Moreau Robert , Daoud Georges , Masse André , Simoneau Lucie , Lafond Julie 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAlthough placental transfer of maternal calcium (Ca2+) is a crucial process for fetal development, the biochemical mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Especially, mechanisms of syncytiotrophoblast Ca2+ extrusion into fetal circulation remain to be established. In the current study we have investigated the characteristics of Ca2+ efflux in syncytiotrophoblast‐like structure originating from the differentiation of cultured trophoblasts isolated from human term placenta. Time‐courses of Ca2+ uptake by differentiated human trophoblasts displayed rapid initial entry (initial velocity (Vi) of 8.82 ± 0.86 nmol/mg protein/min) and subsequent establishment of a plateau. Ca2+ efflux studies with 45Ca2+‐loaded cells also showed rapid decline of cell‐associated 45Ca2+ with a Vi of efflux (Vie) of 8.90 ± 0.96 nmol/mg protein/min. Expression of membrane systems responsible for intracellular Ca2+ extrusion from differentiated human trophoblast were investigated by RT‐PCR. Messenger RNAs of four known isoforms of PMCA (PMCA 1–4) were detected. Messenger RNAs of two cloned human NCX isoforms (NCX1 and NCX3) were also revealed. More specifically, both splice variants NCX1.3 and NCX1.4 were amplified by PCR with total RNA of differentiated human trophoblast cells. Ca2+ flux studies in Na‐free incubation medium indicated that NCX played a minimal role in the cell Ca2+ fluxes. However, erythrosine B (inhibitor of PMCA) time‐ and dose‐dependently increased cell associated 45Ca2+ suggesting a principal role of plasma membrane Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA) in the intracellular Ca2+ extrusion of syncytiotrophoblast‐like structure originating from the differentiation of cultured trophoblast cells isolated from human term placenta. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 283–288, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful development of viable blastocysts from enhanced green fluorescent protein transgene‐microinjected mouse embryos: Comparison of culture media
Authors: Devgan Vikram , Seshagiri Polani B. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTo improve efficiency of transgenesis, we compared M16 and CZB embryo culture media, supporting development to blastocysts of FVB/N mouse pronuclear‐eggs, microinjected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgene. When EGFP‐injected‐eggs were cultured (120 hr), blastocyst development was significantly (P < 0.03) higher in M16 medium (72.5 ± 2.4%) than that in CZB (13.2 ± 4.3%) or CZBG (CZB with 5.6 mM glucose at 48 hr culture) (62.1 ± 3.7%) media. Blastocyst development of noninjected embryos was higher in M16 (92.0 ± 2.6%) and CZBG (83.9 ± 3.9%) media than in CZB (31.9 ± 2.8%) medium (P < 0.0001). However, percentages of morulae at 72 hr were comparable in all treatments. Developed blastocysts were better in M16 than in CZB or CZBG media. Consistent with this, mean cell number per blastocyst, developed from injected embryos, was significantly (P < 0.002) higher in M16 medium (79.6), than those in CZB (31.3) or CZBG media (60.7); similar with noninjected embryos. Cell allocation to trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM), i.e., TE:ICM ratio, for injected blastocysts in M16 (3.0) was less than (P < 0.05) those in CZB (4.2) and CZBG (4.4) media; similar with noninjected blastocysts. Moreover, blastocysts, developed in M16 and CZBG media, hatched, attached, and exhibited trophoblast outgrowth; 18% of them showed EGFP‐expression. Importantly, blastocysts from M16 medium produced live transgenic “green” pups (11%) following embryo transfer. Taken together, our results indicate that supplementation of glucose, at 48 hr of culture (CZBG), is required for morula to blastocyst transition; M16 medium, containing glucose from the beginning of culture, is superior to CZB or CZBG for supporting development of biologically viable blastocysts from EGFP‐transgene‐injected mouse embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 65: 269–277, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening methods: Current status
Authors: Hayes Deborah 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTwo technologies are currently used to screen newborn infants for hearing, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Each technology is based on detecting the infant's physiologic response to auditory stimulation. ABR is a short‐latency auditory evoked response originating from eighth nerve and brainstem auditory pathway structures and detected by scalp surface electrodes. OAEs are auditory signals generated by cochlear outer hair cells in response to acoustic stimulation and detected by a miniature microphone coupled to the infant's ear. Although each technique requires specific sound generation and response recording technologies, advances in computerized stimulus delivery and response detection algorithms allow these tests to be performed by trained technicians or volunteers under the supervision of an audiologist. Results of test performance, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are described. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:65–72. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality monitoring for early hearing detection and intervention programs to optimize performance
Authors: Finitzo Terese , Grosse Scott 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to review the principles of quality monitoring for newborn screening programs at both a hospital and a public health level. The focus is on quality assurance in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI). The chapter addresses the need for a systems approach to quality, beginning with the birth screening, moving to follow‐up re‐screening and on to confirmatory evaluations and life‐long intervention and management for the infants identified with permanent hearing loss. Benchmarks are identified to assist those involved in establishing programs or in improving program performance. As the use of electronic information systems in EHDI becomes widespread, the importance of strict computer‐based logic rules to assure patient privacy is addressed. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:73–78. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The current status of EHDI programs in the United States
Authors: White Karl R. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe importance of identifying congenital hearing loss during the first few months of life has been recognized for almost 60 years. Unfortunately, until more effective newborn hearing screening equipment and procedures were developed in the late 1980s, it was not practical to implement programs for identifying hearing loss during the first few months of life. This paper reviews the activities implemented by the federal government in the last 15 years to promote more effective Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs, and summarizes legislation passed by states related to universal newborn hearing screening. In surveys conducted in 1998 and 2001, State EHDI Coordinators were asked to rate the degree to which various issues were obstacles to implementing effective EHDI programs. The most serious obstacles are the shortage of qualified pediatric audiologists, inadequate reimbursement for screening and diagnosis, and lack of knowledge among primary health care providers about EHDI issues. Opposition to EHDI programs by hospital administrators was rated substantially lower in 2001 than in 1998. State EHDI Coordinators were also surveyed about how well their EHDI program is addressing issues related to screening, diagnosis, early intervention, linkages to medical home providers, tracking and data management, and family support programs. Although substantial progress has been made, many gaps remain with current EHDI programs. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:79–88. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family perceptions of early hearing, detection, and intervention systems: Listening to and learning from families
Authors: DesGeorges Janet 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAs universal newborn hearing systems (screening, diagnosis, intervention) are being established around the world, the success of children who are identified to be deaf and hard of hearing is critically impacted by parent's reactions, acceptance, and advocacy for their child. It is imperative for professionals who are creating systems for Early Hearing, Detection, and Intervention to understand and learn from families' experiences in order to improve this process. This manuscript will identify the areas in which parents have spoken out about the professionals they have encountered through the system: what parents wish for in a healthy, productive relationship with professionals; and how parents can play a part in advocating for a system in which families needs are met so that infants identified to be deaf or hard of hearing can reach their full potential. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:89–93. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The otolaryngologist's role in management of hearing loss in infancy and childhood
Authors: Doyle Karen Jo , Ray R. Mark 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis article reviews the role of the otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeon–in the diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss in infants and young children. The otolaryngologist is well‐versed in the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the auditory system, as well as the craniofacial syndromes that can involve the head and neck in combination with deafness. In this paper, the various causes of congenital hearing loss are described, as well as the steps required for proper diagnosis. Finally, surgeries used by otolaryngologists to treat childhood hearing loss, their indications, and outcomes, are discussed. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:94–102. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cost‐effectiveness and test‐performance factors in relation to universal newborn hearing screening
Authors: Gorga Michael P. , Neely Stephen T. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe first portion of this paper reviews current understanding of the cost of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS), including capital and operating expenses, as well as the costs for follow‐up testing on infants who do not pass the hearing screening test in the perinatal period. Capital expenses include the cost of equipment. Operating expenses include the costs for disposables and personnel. Follow‐up costs relate to the diagnostic testing that must be performed in order to determine hearing status in those infants who do not pass the newborn hearing screening test. This section is followed by a more theoretical approach, in which test performance, prevalence, program costs, and “costs of hearing loss” are combined in a model that includes all costs of hearing loss, including screening, follow‐up testing, and costs (benefits) associated with identifying hearing loss early in life. While some of the model's cost/benefit assumptions may be incorrect, the general approach of taking into account both costs and benefits provides a framework for evaluating the utility of UNHS in a more global manner. Model assumptions (costs, benefits, prevalence, sensitivity, specificity) can be changed to values deemed more appropriate, but the general approach is still informative. With the present assumptions, it is shown that initially, the costs of UNHS exceed its benefits. However, after only four years of operation, UNHS programs will result in a net savings to society. These savings increase rapidly, reaching a maximum annual benefit of seven billion dollars 75 years after initiation of the program, which is also the societal benefit for all years thereafter. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:103–108. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Certification in neurodevelopmental disabilities: The development of a new subspecialty and results of the initial examinations
Authors: Palmer Frederick B. , Percy Alan K. , Tivnan Patricia , Juul Dorthea , Tunnessen Walter W. , Scheiber Stephen C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, in collaboration with the American Board of Pediatrics, administered the first Subspecialty Certification Examination in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities to 190 candidates on April 3, 2001, and the second to 80 candidates on April 9, 2002. This report describes the history of the certifying examination including the process of its development and the results of the first and second examination administrations. The purpose of the Certification Examination in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities is to assess knowledge of qualified candidates in the subspecialty. A committee comprised of child neurologists and pediatricians developed this examination. Of the 190 pediatricians (n = 169) and child neurologists (n = 21) who completed the examination in 2001, 157 (83%) passed the examination. The second group of examinees included 68 pediatricians and 12 child neurologists, and the pass rate was 70%. The 213 candidates certified to date have received ten‐year time‐limited certificates that may be renewed by recertification process beginning in 2010. After the “grandfathering period,” candidates for the examination must complete ACGME‐approved training programs in the subspecialty. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:128–131. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capacity and flow assignment issues in MPLS networks
Authors: Liu Xian 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMPLS technology enables IP networks to accept the challenge raised by emerging communication paradigms. This paper describes a nonlinear model with path capacity as design variables and space priority as constraints. The analysis shows that the close‐form solution exists if traffic flows are allocated by an independent protocol. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Resource allocation in the new fixed and mobile Internet generation
Authors: Pujolle Guy , Körner Ulf , Perros Harry 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper we study the scalability issue in the design of a centralized policy server controlling resources in the future
IP‐based telecom network generation. The policy servers are in charge of controlling and managing QoS, security and mobility in
a centralized way in future IP‐based telecom networks. Our study demonstrates that the policy servers can be designed in such a
manner that they scale with increase in network capacity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Design and implementation of WAP‐based LAN segment management system using RMON MIB
Authors: Kim Jong‐Keun , Ahn Seong‐Jin , Chung Jin‐Wook 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAdvances in LAN technology have enabled fast data transmission. However, without effective management of these resources, congestion of networks as well as waste of resources are inevitable. Therefore, it is necessary to supervise, report, and even control, if necessary, the network resource status so that the communication network can be effectively operated without service interruption by monitoring traffic among the hosts. Web‐based network management systems have been developed and applied for remote management without using specific applications. However, such web‐based network management systems have limited manager mobility and poor performance. To overcome such disadvantages, this paper proposes a network management system using wireless communication. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of security policies for private networks
Authors: Bakry Saad Haj 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWith the current worldwide emphasis on e‐business, the development of sound network security policies for private networks connected
to the Internet is becoming of increasing importance. This paper identifies a general network security profile upon which current and planned
network security states can be mapped. The paper also provides a process for the development of current security states into target states,
using the network security profile. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Active queue management with flow proportional buffering
Authors: Aweya James , Ouellette Michel , Montuno Delfin Y. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMost active queue management schemes maintain an average of the queue length which they use together with a number of queue thresholds to detect congestion. However, the setting of the queue thresholds is problematic because the required buffer size for good sharing among TCP connections is dependent on the number of TCP connections using the buffer. This paper describes an improved active queue management scheme which dynamically changes its threshold settings as the number of connections and system load changes. This technique allows network devices to effectively control packet losses and TCP timeouts while maintaining high link utilization. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Connection set‐up and QoS monitoring in ATM networks
Authors: Tan Sin‐Lam , Tham Chen‐Khong , Ngoh Lek‐Heng 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a system for creating virtual connections based on QoS requirements and providing basic QoS routing
functionality. It effectively bridges the gap between complex protocols like PNNI and tedious manual set‐up of virtual
connections. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manufacturing tolerances and multiple loading conditions in structural configuration optimization
Authors: Dems K. , Gutkowski W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMost structures, during their service life, are subjected to several loading conditions; moreover, during their assembly, some or all of the assumed design variables are varied due to manufacturing imperfections. In the case of an optimum structure this can be especially dangerous. The problem of imperfections is a random one and its possible solution is not easily applicable due to its complexity. There is thus a need to give designers a tool that will enable them to incorporate the manufacturing tolerances in a relatively simple way. The proposed approach is deterministic, giving approximate minimum weight design with a safety margin. This is because limits of constraints are reduced by products of sensitivities multiplied by given tolerances. This paper is illustrated with two minimum weight designs of truss configurations, under three loading conditions each. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design sensitivity analysis and optimization for polymer sheet extrusion and mold filling processes
Authors: Smith Douglas E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA polymer processing design methodology is presented which can be used to improve the production of plastic components manufactured via extrusion and injection molding processes. The design method combines polymer process modelling, design sensitivity analysis and numerical optimization. It is applicable to systems with creeping flow of purely viscous non‐Newtonian fluids through thin cavities where the lubrication approximation may be applied. An analysis and an adjoint design sensitivity analysis are presented for the steady‐state coupled system which describes the pressure and residence time distributions in sheeting dies. The resulting methodology is then used to define the optimal die cavity shape and relevant process parameters in a sheeting die design example. A second example considers tooling and process design for the polymer injection molding process. A coupled transient mold filling analysis and design sensitivity analysis based on the direct differentiation method are developed where attention is given to describing the location of the gates in the mold cavity. The latter is illustrated through the process design of a plastic automotive component. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An augmented Newton method in elastic–plastic structural optimization
Authors: Sun Renzhang , Hisada Toshiaki 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this paper, an augmented Newton method for the optimization of elastic–plastic structures is proposed. It is shown that the optimization algorithm has to be nested due to the nature of elastic–plastic problems, and in this framework, an efficient and robust algorithm should be developed. For this purpose, the principle of the integrated method is incorporated to enhance the system matrix of the Newton method in the framework of the nested approach. Namely, the system equation is first derived in the extended space, and then it is condensed. After some manipulation, a compact form of the system matrix equation is derived which is similar to that in the conventional Newton method. The augmentation terms can be evaluated based on the design sensitivities, so the computational cost is about the same as that for the conventional method, but it substantially searches for the solution in the extended space. The potential of the proposed method is exemplified in a simple elastic–plastic truss. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FT‐IR Investigation into the miscible interactions in new materials for optical devices
Authors: Sharma Lakshmi , Kimura Tatsumi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn this article we determine the miscibility of azobenzene derivative (poly(4‐(N‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl)‐N‐ethylamino)‐4′‐nitroazobenzene)90‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)10)/poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and azobenzene derivative/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends using Fourier Transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. With this method we can clearly identify the exact interactions responsible for miscibility. In the azobenzene derivative 50:50PVAc blend new peaks were evident at 2960, 2890, 1237 and 959 cm−1, these peaks depict miscible interactions. These wavenumbers indicate that the miscible interactions occurring are from the CH stretching band, the vinyl acetate CO, conjugated to the ester carbonyl, the cis‐transformation NN stretch frequency and the acetate ester weak doublet. The azobenzene derivative 80:20PVC blend display peaks identical in profile to the blend homopolymers, indicating no miscible interactions. However, this could be due to overlapping of peaks within the same wavenumber region, making resolution difficult.This research demonstrates FT‐IR can deduce favorable interactions for miscibility and therefore numerous miscible blends can successfully be calculated if possessing the same groups responsible for miscibility. This paves the way for a new generation of designer optical materials with the desired properties. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.