bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary epithelial liquid absorption, expressed in relation to alveolar surface area, is reduced in fetal lambs following in utero tracheal occlusion
Authors: Davey M.G. , Hedrick H.L. , Mendoza J.M. , Kanai M. , Adzick N.S. , Flake A.W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe examined the effect of accelerated lung growth, induced by in utero tracheal occlusion (TO), on lung liquid uptake in near‐term fetal sheep. In utero TO was performed in five fetal sheep at 110 days of gestation (term, ∼145 days); six SHAM operated fetuses served as controls. The rate of liquid movement across the pulmonary epithelium was measured, using a previously established technique, in anesthetized fetal sheep between 133–137 days of gestation during a 2‐hr adrenaline infusion (0.50 μg/min/kg, I.V.) and while lung luminal pressure was maintained at 5 mmHg.The rate of fetal lung liquid uptake was linear in all fetuses (mean r2 < 0.97, n = 11). Mean values of lung liquid uptake expressed in relation to dry lung weight and luminal surface area of the right lung were significantly lower in TO fetuses (1.8 ± 0.3 mL/hr/g and 1.0 ± 0.2 mL/hr/m2) than in SHAM fetuses (2.6 ± 0.2 mL/hr/g and 1.8 ± 0.1 mL/hr/m2); surface area of the right lung was 140% greater in TO fetuses than in SHAM fetuses. There was a linear relationship between lung liquid uptake and pulmonary epithelial surface area in SHAM animals, but not in TO fetuses.We hypothesize that loss of alveolar epithelial type‐II cells induced by increased levels of fetal lung expansion may impair alveolar liquid clearance in the perinatal period. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:278–286. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical, physiologic, and roentgenographic changes after pneumonectomy in a boy with Macleod/Swyer‐James syndrome and bronchiectasis
Authors: Fregonese Laura , Girosi Donata , Battistini Elena , Fregonese Bruno , Risso Francesco M. , Bava Giovanni L. , Rossi Giovanni A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMacleod/Swyer‐James syndrome is an uncommon and complex disease characterized by roentgenographic hyperlucency of one lung or lobe due to loss of the pulmonary vascular structure and to alveolar overdistension. This syndrome seems to be an acquired disease that follows viral bronchiolitis and pneumonitis in childhood. It must be differentiated from many other causes of unilateral lung “transradiancy” on the chest roentgenogram, such as those related to congenital bronchial and/or vascular abnormalities. We here describe an 11‐year‐old patient with Macleod/Swyer‐James syndrome and bronchiectasis resulting in severe recurrent bronchopulmonary infections. Despite the severe impairment of pulmonary function, the patient underwent resection of the right lung with progressive improvement of clinical and physiologic parameters. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:412–416. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overlapping binding sites for trypsin and papain on a Kunitz‐type proteinase inhibitor from Prosopis juliflora
Authors: Franco Octávio L. , Grossi de Sá Maria F. , Sales Maurício P. , Mello Luciane V. , Oliveira Adeliana S. , Rigden Daniel J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProteinase inhibitors are among the most promising candidates for expression by transgenic plants and consequent protection against insect predation. However, some insects can respond to the threat of the proteinase inhibitor by the production of enzymes insensitive to inhibition. Inhibitors combining more than one favorable activity are therefore strongly favored. Recently, a known small Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from Prosopis juliflora (PTPKI) has been shown to possess unexpected potent cysteine proteinase inhibitory activity. Here we show, by enzyme assay and gel filtration, that, unlike other Kunitz inhibitors with dual activities, this inhibitor is incapable of simultaneous inhibition of trypsin and papain. These data are most readily interpreted by proposing overlapping binding sites for the two enzymes. Molecular modeling and docking experiments favor an interaction mode in which the same inhibitor loop that interacts in a canonical fashion with trypsin can also bind into the papain catalytic site cleft. Unusual residue substitutions at the proposed interface can explain the relative rarity of twin trypsin/papain inhibition. Other changes seem responsible for the relative low affinity of PTPKI for trypsin. The predicted coincidence of trypsin and papain binding sites, once confirmed, would facilitate the search, by phage display for example, for mutants highly active against both proteinases. Proteins 2002;49:335–341. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arbutus unedo induces endothelium‐dependent relaxation of the isolated rat aorta
Authors: Ziyyat Abderrahim , Mekhfi Hassane , Bnouham Mohamed , Tahri Abdelhafid , Legssyer Abdelkhaleq , Hoerter Jacqueline , Fischmeister Rodolphe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractArbutus unedo L. (Ericaceae) is used in oriental Morocco to treat arterial hypertension. We studied its vasodilator effect and mechanisms of action in vitro. The root aqueous extract of Arbutus (0.25 mg/mL) produced a relaxation of noradrenaline‐precontracted ring preparations of rat aorta with intact endothelium. Relaxation by Arbutus did not occur in specimens without endothelium and was inhibited by pretreatment with 100 μM NG‐methyl‐L‐arginine (L‐NMA), 10 μM methylene blue or 50 μM 1H‐[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3‐a] quinoxaline‐1‐one (ODQ) but not by 10 μM atropine. These results suggest that Arbutus produces an endothelium‐dependent relaxation of the isolated rat aorta which may be mediated mainly by a stimulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase by mechanisms other than activation of muscarinic receptors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protection of DNA and microsomal membranes in vitro by Glycyrrhiza glabra L. against gamma irradiation
Authors: Shetty T. K. , Satav J. G. , Nair C. K. K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe radioprotective effect of the root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and plasmid pBR322 DNA was investigated. The extract was found to protect microsomal membranes, as evident from reduction in lipid peroxidation, and could also protect plasmid DNA from radiation‐induced strand breaks. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistance‐distance matrix: A computational algorithm and its application
Authors: Babić D. , Klein D. J. , Lukovits I. , Nikolić S. , Trinajstić N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe distance matrix D, the resistance‐distance matrix Ω, the related quotient matrices D/Ω and Ω/D and the corresponding distance‐related and resistance‐distance‐related descriptors: the Wiener index W, the Balaban indices J and JΩ, the Kirchhoff index Kf, the Wiener‐sum index WS, and Kirchhoff‐sum index KfS are presented. A simple algorithm for computing the resistance‐distance matrix is outlined. The distance‐related and the resistance‐distance‐related indices are used to study cyclicity in four classes of polycyclic graphs: five‐vertex graphs containing a five‐cycle and Schlegel graphs representing platonic solids, buckminsterfullerene isomers and C70 isomers. Among the considered indices only the Kirchhoff index correctly ranks according to their cyclicity, the Schlegel graphs for platonic solids, C60 isomers, and C70 isomers. The Kirchhoff index further produces the reverse order of five‐vertex graphs containing a five‐cycle (which could be simply altered to the correct order by adding a minus sign to the Kirchhoff indices for these graphs). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
cis‐Diamminedichloropalladium and its interaction with guanine and guanine–cytosine base pair
Authors: Hill Glake A. , Forde Gareth , Gorb Leonid , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractComprehensive ab initio calculations are performed on cis‐diamminedichloropalladium (cispd) at the HF, DFT, MP2, and CISD levels of theory. The results are compared to those obtained for cisplatin. The characteristics of the interactions of cispd with guanine and the guanine–cytosine (GC) base pair are also evaluated and compared to the interactions of cisplatin. Cispd causes similar geometric changes of the base as cis‐platinum when complexed to guanine. The palladium and platinum complexes also show similar characteristics when complexed to the GC base pair. However, this study revealed lower dissociation energy of the chlorine ligands and lower interaction energy of the cispd with guanine, which indicates areas of differences between the title Pd and Pt complexes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Density functional embedded cluster calculations on Lewis acid centers of the α‐Al2O3(0001) surface: Adsorption of a CO probe
Authors: Nasluzov Vladimir A. , Rivanenkov Vladimir V. , Shor Alexey M. , Neyman Konstantin M. , Birkenheuer Uwe , Rösch Notker 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have investigated the adsorption of CO on the cation‐terminated (0001) surface of α‐Al2O3 with a generalized‐gradient density functional approach. We used cluster models that are consistently embedded in an elastic polarizable environment (EPE), employing a (classical) shell model scheme and bare pseudopotentials (Alpp*) for cations at the cluster boundary. The newly implemented EPE method was found to perform well for describing structure and adsorption properties of Lewis acidic centers of the polar (0001) surface known for its strong relaxation with respect to the bulk terminated geometry. The calculated data are stable with respect to the size of the cluster models. For the embedded stoichiometric clusters [Al4O6]/Al\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{6}^{\mathrm{pp}\ast}$\end{document} and [Al10O15]/Al\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$_{13}^{\mathrm{pp}\ast}$\end{document} of different structure, the adsorption induced shift Δν of the CO stretching vibration and the binding energy (BE) are 30–42 cm−1 and 0.38–0.47 eV, respectively. The results for the frequency shifts are in good agreement with the value of 39 cm−1 measured for CO/α‐Al2O3(0001) at low coverages. Judged by the frequency shift and the adsorption energy, the interaction of CO molecules with three‐coordinated Al3+ cations at the regular surface is very similar to that with Mg2+ corner sites of MgO polycrystallites, Δν=39 cm−1, BE=0.38 eV. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Study of the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of sildenafil derivatives
Authors: Zhong Dafang , Xing Jie , Zhang Shuqiu , Sun Lu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA detailed analysis of the product ion spectrum generated from the protonated molecule of sildenafil (Viagra®) under multiple tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) conditions using an ion‐trap mass spectrometer is reported. Molecular composition data of the fragment ions were obtained with the aid of comparisons of the multiple tandem mass spectra of eight sildenafil derivatives in two series, the structures of which are identical except for some substituted alkyl groups. Attempts have been made to provide rational pathways for the formation of the fragment ions from these protonated sildenafil derivatives. The structure‐fragmentation relationships will facilitate the characterization of the structures of other sildenafil analogs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiagent reinforcement learning method based on the model inference of the other agents
Authors: Matsuno Yoichiro , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Matsuda Jun , Ishii Shin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a reinforcement learning method based on an actor‐critic architecture, which can be applied to multiagent competitive games. As an example, we deal with the card game “Hearts.” We introduce a method combining an actor‐critic learning and model inference of the other agents. A single Hearts game is divided into three stages, and three actors are prepared so that one of them determines actions separately in each stage. In the middle stage, in particular, actions are determined based on expected temporal‐difference error. Computer simulation results suggest the importance of the model inference of the other agents. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(12): 67–76, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10110
Space‐time invariants and recognition of motions from arbitrary viewpoints
Authors: Sato Jun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe recognition of motions is very important for understanding dynamic actions and extracting events from video sequences. In this paper, we propose invariants on object motions, which can be extracted from image sequences, and are invariant even if the motions are viewed from arbitrary viewpoints. We call them space‐time invariants since they are defined under space‐time projections. We show that these invariants are very useful for extracting specific motions from video sequences. The proposed space‐time invariants are implemented and tested on real image sequences. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(12): 38–46, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10147
A coterie‐based mutual exclusion algorithm for distributed systems allowing multiple process failures at arbitrary time
Authors: Takekawa Shigeki , Wakabayashi Shin'ichi , Koide Tetsushi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, we propose a coterie‐based mutual exclusion algorithm for distributed systems allowing process failures at arbitrary time. The proposed algorithm is an extension of Maekawa's algorithm, which is a representative conventional method for distributed mutual exclusion based on coterie. The proposed algorithm realizes mutual exclusion by detecting process failures using timers, updating the coterie dynamically, and introducing the system to a state without failure. It has the following advantages. First, it inherits all advantages of Maekawa's algorithm, because it behaves in the same way as Maekawa's algorithm when there is no process failure. Also, it allowsk(<N;Nis the number of processes) process failures at arbitrary time, so the assumption on failure is close to real systems. Furthermore, it is assured that the updated coterie is an ND (nondominated) coterie if the initial coterie is an ND coterie. We also describe an extension of this algorithm to the case where failed processes are allowed to return to normal states. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(12): 87–96, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1169
DNA sequencing with ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Arlinghaus H. F. , Ostrop M. , Friedrichs O. , Feldner J. , Gunst U. , Lipinsky D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNucleic acid chips are based on the method of sequencing by hybridization, where unknown DNA fragments are hybridized to complementary nucleic acid sequences that are immobilized on a solid surface in an array format. One novel approach is to use peptide nucleic acid (PNA) biosensor chips. These DNA analogue possess the ability to hybridize with complementary DNA sequences. Because the backbone of DNA contains phosphates as opposed to PNA that does not, a technique that identifies the presence of these phosphates in a molecular surface layer would allow unlabelled DNA fragments hybridized to complementary PNAs to be detected. We have successfully shown that time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is a very useful tool for identifying hybridized DNA on PNA biosensor chips by detecting the phosphorus present in the DNA. ToF‐SIMS is also a very effective technique for studying the complexity of the immobilization and hybridization process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of nanophasic LaCoO3 powders
Authors: Armelao L. , Bandoli G. , Barreca D. , Bettinelli M. , Bottaro G. , Caneschi A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNanophasic LaCoO3 powders were synthesized from inorganic compounds both in molten chloride fluxes and by using a solution combustion synthesis procedure. The samples were prepared in air and underwent subsequent heat treatments in order to yield the perovskite crystalline phase. The composition and microstructure of the samples were investigated by XPS, x‐ray‐induced AES, x‐ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance. Further information was gained by magnetic measurements. Nanophasic LaCoO3 powders with an average crystallite size of 35 nm were obtained. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the nature of the noble metal (Rh,Pt) on the low‐temperature reducibility of a Ce/Tb mixed oxide with application as TWC component
Authors: Blanco G. , Pintado J.M. , Bernal S. , Cauqui M.A. , Corchado M.P. , Galtayries A. , Ghijsen J. , Sporken R. , Eickhoff T. , Drube W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCeria‐based mixed oxides have proved to be good alternatives to pure ceria as redox materials for advanced three‐way catalysts. In this work, the behaviour of a Ce0.8Tb0.2O2−xmixed‐oxide sample and the corresponding oxide‐supported Rh and Pt samples has been investigated. Special attention has been paid to the low‐temperature redox response. Temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD), temperature‐programmed reduction and oxygen buffering capacity were used as experimental techniques. The evolution of reducibility was also followed by tunable high‐energy x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, focussing on the surface information provided by Tb 3d and Ce 3d core levels. The oxidation state of both Ce and Tb was followed during ultrahigh vacuum annealing of the three samples up to 750 K. Comparison of the XPS spectra for the different samples before and after annealing showed that the Ce4+reduction was negligible but Tb4+was gradually reduced to Tb3+. Furthermore, the TPD and XPS experiments are in good agreement, with the highest reduction rate corresponding to the Rh/CeTbOxsample. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface analysis of PECVD organosilicon films for corrosion protection of steel substrates
Authors: Angelini E. , d'Agostino R. , Fracassi F. , Grassini S. , Rosalbino F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study deals with the surface and electrochemical characterization of mild steel surfaces after plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition of organosilicon films, performed in order to increase corrosion resistance. Coating deposition was performed in a home‐made reactor with hexamethyldisiloxane–oxygen–argon mixtures of different compositions and at different input power values on as‐received specimens and after a pretreatment step in oxygen‐containing plasma. Surface and morphological characterization of coatings was performed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the protective effectiveness, electrochemical characterization of the coatings was carried out in sulphate‐containing solutions by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Notwithstanding their low thickness of ∼1000 nm, the organosilicon films show protective effectiveness properties against corrosion. An increase of the impedance values, related to an increase in the protective effectiveness, has been observed on films obtained at increasing input power and after O2 plasma pretreatment of the substrate. As shown by FTIR data, the positive effect of increasing input power may be related to the progressive increase of the inorganic nature of the deposited coatings, i.e. increase in SiOx groups and decrease of sylanol groups. Furthermore, as shown by XPS analysis, the good corrosion behaviour of mild steels coated after O2 plasma pretreatment may be attributed to removal of the surface contamination, which improves adhesion of the SiOx film, and to enhancement of the surface oxidation degree. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of surface nanostructure from analysis of electron plasmon losses in XPS
Authors: Yubero F. , Holgado J. P. , Barranco A. , González‐Elipe A. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have explored the possibility of obtaining information about the surface nanostructure (i.e., how a given phase of material is distributed near to the surface region) from the analysis of loss plasmons that appear in the lower kinetic energy side of photoelectron and Auger peaks. First, we show an example where information is mainly obtained from the position of the plasmon peak. In practice, two‐dimensional growth of an Al2O3 deposit on SiO2 is deduced by identification of surface plasmon excitation due to electron transport of the corresponding Al KLL signal. Furthermore, a new method based on a quantitative (plasmon peak intensity) description of the single plasmon excitation that appears behind a photoelectron peak is proposed. This method has been applied to describe the growth mechanism of MgO deposited by evaporation on TiO2. Thus, it is shown that MgO grows with strong island formation according to the analysis. The consistency of the proposed method is supported by factor analysis of the loss structure behind the Mg 1s peak. Moreover, the validity of the proposed method has been checked using Tougaard background analysis for the same system. From these results, an alternative method, based on analysis of the plasmon structure observed behind x‐ray photoelectron peaks, is proposed for characterization of the nanostructure in this type of system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alteration of Ti 2p XPS spectrum for titanium oxide by low‐energy Ar ion bombardment
Authors: Hashimoto Satoshi , Tanaka Akihiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlteration of Ti 2p XPS spectra for TiO2 single crystal was measured during Ar ion sputtering. The acceleration voltage of Ar ion bombardment ranged from 10 V to 2 kV.Components of Ti2+ and Ti3+ as reduced states have appeared, in addition to the Ti4+ state, after ion bombardment at 2 kV. However, although a small amount of Ti3+ has been observed in the case of 10 V bombardment, the Ti2+ component has not appeared. The intensities of the reduced states (Ti2+ and/or Ti3+) that have appeared at each acceleration voltage reach constant values after a long sputtering time. This saturation shows that the surface reaches an equilibrium state between the sputtered atoms and implanted ions. Moreover, the intensities of the reduced states increase with increasing accelerating voltage of the primary ions. The alteration by 10 V ion bombardment suggests that there is a critical energy for reduction to the Ti2+ state. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of magnesium
Authors: Fournier V. , Marcus P. , Olefjord I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPure Mg was oxidized in 20 kPa O2, at temperatures between room temperature and 400°C, for times ranging from 2 min to 60 h. The oxide layer was analysed by XPS. The samples were pre‐treated by mechanical polishing and ion etching. Oxidation was carried out in a furnace connected to the XPS instrument. Magnesium was also oxidized in CO2 at 150°C and in water in order to gain information about the binding energies of the elements in MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2. The binding energies of Mg 2p, O 1s and C 1s of these compounds, as well as MgO, are reported. The thickness of the oxides formed during oxidation for 15 min at room temperature and at 150°C are 1.5 and 1.7 nm, respectively. At 300°C the growth of the oxide is well fitted by an inverse logarithmic law. The fact that the oxide formed in a dry atmosphere up to 300°C is extremely thin indicates that it has a low defect density. The influence of the humidity on the corrosion properties of Mg is discussed. The influence of the high vapour pressure of Mg on its oxidation properties is also mentioned. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.