bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment probability model for predicting outcome after intraarterial chemoradiation for advanced head and neck carcinoma
Authors: van den Broek Guido B. , Rasch Coen R. N. , Pameijer Frank A. , Peter Ellen , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Tan I. Bing , Schornagel Jan H. , de Bois Josien A. , Zijp Lambert J. , Balm Alfons J. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDConcurrent chemoradiation is being used increasingly to treat patients with advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma. In the current study, a clinical nomogram was developed to predict local control and overall survival rates for individual patients who will undergo chemoradiation.METHODSNinety‐two consecutive patients with UICC TNM Stage III/IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and supraglottic larynx were treated with selective‐targeted chemoradiation (acronym: RADPLAT). All living patients had a minimum follow‐up of 2 years. In addition to general factors, the following parameters were analyzed in a multivariable analysis: primary tumor volume, lymph node tumor volume, total tumor volume, lowest involved neck level, comorbidity, pretreatment hemoglobin level, pretreatment weight loss, and unilateral/bilateral intraarterial infusion. Relevant factors for local control and survival were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSAt 5 years, the local control and overall survival rates for the whole group were 60% and 38%, respectively. Primary tumor volume (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03;P= 0.01) and unilateral infusion (HR, 5.05;P= 0.004) were found to influence local control significantly. Using tumor volume as a continuous variable, an adjusted risk ratio of 1.026 was found, indicating that each 1‐cm3increase in volume was associated with a 2.6% decrease in probability of local control. Primary tumor volume (HR, 1.01;P= 0.003), comorbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status 1 vs. > 1; HR, 2.47;P= 0.01), lowest involved neck level (HR, 3.45;P= 0.007), and pretreatment weight loss > 10% (HR, 2.04;P= 0.02) were found to be significant predictors of worse overall survival. Variables from the multivariable analysis were used to develop a nomogram capable of predicting local control and overall survival.CONCLUSIONSTumor volume was found to play a significant role in predicting local control and overall survival in patients with advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma who were treated with targeted chemoradiation. The nomograms may be useful for pretreatment selection of patients with advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Under use of necessary care among cancer survivors
Authors: Earle Craig C. , Neville Bridget A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractComorbid conditions are the major threat to life for many cancer survivors, yet little is known about the quality of the noncancer‐related health care they receive. The authors analyzed the Medicare claims of 14,884 Medicare‐eligible, 5‐year colorectal carcinoma survivors who were diagnosed initially while they lived in a region monitored by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and compared them with matched controls who had no history of cancer drawn from the Medicare 5% sample. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, cancer survivorship was associated with an increased likelihood of not receiving recommended care across a broad range of chronic medical conditions (odds ratio, 1.19, 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.27). For example, colorectal carcinoma survivors were less likely than controls to receive appropriate follow‐up for heart failure, necessary diabetic care, or recommended preventive services. Having both primary care physicians and oncologists involved in follow‐up appeared to ameliorate this effect significantly. African‐American, poor, and elderly patients were less likely to receive necessary care in both groups. Whether it was due to patient factors, physician factors, or both, cancer survivors appear to be a vulnerable patient population, because their cancer diagnosis may shift attention away from important noncancer problems and providers. In addition, there may be lack of clarity around the relative roles primary care and specialist physicians will play in a survivor's care. Special attention and education are needed to ensure that survivors receive optimal medical services. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Epoetin alfa improves quality of life in patients with cancer
Authors: Jones Michael , Schenkel Brad , Just Julie , Fallowfield Lesley 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnemia in patients with cancer causes fatigue, weakness, and impaired concentration, negatively impacting quality of life (QOL). In clinical trials involving patients with cancer who had varied characteristics, it has been shown that epoetin alfa treatment increased hemoglobin levels and improved QOL. A systematic review and metaanalysis of data from those trials was conducted to summarize existing knowledge on the role of epoetin alfa in improving QOL for anemic patients with cancer.METHODSThe Cochrane Library and other data bases were searched for published and unpublished, randomized/controlled and single‐arm studies that included ≥ 20 patients with cancer per arm, epoetin alfa treatment, and QOL assessment by Cancer Linear Assessment Score (CLAS), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scale, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, and/or Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) scale.RESULTSAmong 11,459 patients from 23 trials, epoetin alfa and control cohorts were indistinguishable (with regard to demographic, clinical, QOL variables) at baseline. Epoetin alfa improved CLAS (20–25%), FACT‐Fatigue (17%), and FACT‐Anemia (12%) scores (P = 0.05). ECOG scores worsened for control cohorts (P = 0.05); epoetin alfa cohorts remained unchanged. Four of the SF‐36 subscales, Physical Function, Role Physical, Vitality, and Social Function, improved with epoetin alfa (P = 0.05). Results adjusted for confounding factors remained consistent.CONCLUSIONSThis metaanalysis confirmed that epoetin alfa improves QOL significantly in patients with cancer, emphasizing the need to manage anemia in this population. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
A simple mushroom body in an African scarabid beetle
Authors: Larsson Mattias C. , Hansson Bill S. , Strausfeld Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis account describes novel mushroom body organization in a coleopteran insect, the African fruit chafer Pachnoda marginata. Each of its prominent mushroom bodies possesses a pair of simple calyces comprising two populations of Kenyon cells, the dendrites of which are organized into a central and an annular zone. Kenyon cells of the central zone extend their dendrites downward and toward the perimeter of the calyx. Their axon‐like processes in the pedunculus are densely packed to make up a distinctive shaft of neuropil. Toward the front of the brain, the shafts, one from each calyx, bifurcate to provide a pair of subdivisions in the medial and vertical lobes. Dendrites of Kenyon cells supplying the annular zone extend from the calyx perimeter toward its center. Axons from the annular zones of both calyces together provide a sleeve of axons that ensheaths the two shafts. Sleeve axons bifurcate to provide a second pair of divisions in each of the lobes. These arrangements provide each lobe with a discrete representation of the two Kenyon cell populations of the two calyces. Kenyon cells supplying the central zone have dendritic morphologies reminiscent of class II clawed Kenyon cells that supply the γ lobes in other taxa. Kenyon cells supplying axons to the sleeve are suggestive of class III Kenyon cell morphologies described from cockroaches and termites. Elaborate intrinsic neurons, comparable to exotic intrinsic neurons in the honey bee γ lobes, have processes that interact with shaft axons. The present observations suggest that mushroom bodies of Pachnoda represent either a basal organization entirely lacking class I Kenyon cells or an evolutionary modification in which there is no clear morphological distinction of class I and II Kenyon cells. In either case, cellular organization in Pachnoda's mushroom body is simple compared with that of other taxa. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:219–232, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of cadherins in the developing and adult zebrafish olfactory system
Authors: Liu Qin , Marrs James A. , Azodi Elaheh , Kerstetter Amber E. , Babb Sherry G. , Hashmi Lala 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCadherins are cell adhesion molecules that play important roles in development of a variety of tissues and maintenance of adult structures. Although cadherin expression has been studied in detail in the central nervous system of several vertebrate species, little is known of their distribution in the developing and adult olfactory structures, and there is no published report, to our knowledge, of cadherin expression in fish olfactory system. In this study, we examined expression patterns of three cadherins, cadherin‐1 (E‐cadherin), cadherin‐2 (N‐cadherin), and cadherin‐4 (R‐cadherin), in the olfactory system of developing and adult zebrafish by using both in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical methods. Cadherin‐1 is detected in the newly formed olfactory placode, and its expression is maintained in the developing and adult olfactory epithelium and olfactory nerve. Cadherin‐2 is expressed in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, and olfactory bulb of the embryonic and larval zebrafish, and its expression is reduced in the adult olfactory system. In contrast to the cadherin‐1 and cadherin‐2 expression, cadherin‐4 is not found in the olfactory epithelium, but it is detected in the larval and adult olfactory bulb, in the olfactory tract, and its targets in the telencephalon. We hypothesize that the differential expression of these three cadherins in the developing zebrafish major olfactory structures reflects functionally different roles in the development of the vertebrate olfactory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:269–281, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statical shakedown analysis with temperature‐dependent yield condition
Authors: Heitzer M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a general statical approach for shakedown analysis of structures of perfectly plastic material using non‐linear optimization. The developed methods may be implemented with any displacement‐based finite element code. The temperature‐dependence of the yield limit is taken into account in shakedown analysis. Temperature‐dependent shakedown analysis of a pipe‐junction and a thick tube are performed by different methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of resource synchronization in a dynamic real‐time distributed computing environment
Authors: Zhang Chen , Cordes David 
Published: September 2004

AbstractToday, more and more distributed computer applications are being modeled and constructed using real‐time principles and concepts. In 1989, the Object Management Group (OMG) formed a Real‐Time Special Interest Group (RT SIG) with the goal of extending the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard to include real‐time specifications. This group's most recent efforts have focused on the requirements of dynamic distributed real‐time systems.One open problem in this area is resource access synchronization for tasks employing dynamic priority scheduling. This paper presents two resource synchronization protocols that the authors have developed which meet the requirements of dynamic distributed real‐time systems as specified by Dynamic Scheduling Real‐Time CORBA (DSRT CORBA). The proposed protocols can be applied to both Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Least Laxity First (LLF) dynamic scheduling algorithms, allow distributed nested critical sections, and avoid unnecessary runtime overhead. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocols, we analyzed each protocol's schedulability. Since the schedulability of the system is affected by numerous system configuration parameters, we have designed simulation experiments to isolate and illustrate the impact of each individual system parameter. Simulation experiments show the proposed protocols have better performance than one would realize by applying a schema that utilizes dynamic priority ceiling update. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How can you help organizations change to meet the corporate responsibility agenda?
Authors: Lyon David 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAs corporate responsibility (CR) has developed over the past decade, companies have developed and communicated their formal values relating to environment, employees, stakeholders and governance through public statements. Many of these companies have produced formal reports covering their performance on environmental and social issues. Continued improvement and delivery of commitments depends on buy‐in not just from senior management (and the CR manager), but from managers and staff across the organization. This is only possible if there is a culture that is supportive of corporate responsibility.
One key aspect of making this change is understanding how the company's culture affects corporate responsibility performance. This paper discusses some areas of organizational culture that affect CR performance including rewards and recognition, learning and managing change, awareness and involvement, questioning culture and flexibility underpinned by mutual respect. It also provides an overview of our approach for assessing and fostering a supportive culture. This is based on working with clients to manage their licence to operate in addition to extensive experience in innovation culture and safety culture. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Does stewardship travel well? Benchmarking accreditation and certification
Authors: Skinner Elizabeth , Font Xavier , Sanabria Ronald 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article reports on the benchmarking of organizational structure, governance and finances of accreditation in a number of industries and certification programs in tourism, as part of the research on the feasibility and desirability of a Sustainable Tourism Stewardship Council. There are a variety of governance structures widely accepted and potentially transferable to new accreditation bodies, with the biggest changes coming in the form of outsourcing the accreditation function from standard setting and compliance with ISO guides. Financial benchmarking has shown great weaknesses in the sector, over‐relying on seed funding from donors and the general inability of the sector to be self‐financing, which casts a shadow over the long term survival of accreditation in its present form. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Uncertainty and equivocality in the commercial and natural environments: the implications for organizational design
Authors: Lewis Gerard J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractOrganizations process information to reduce uncertainty and equivocality. The organization's structure and its systems determine the amount and quality of information provided to executives. By analysing how executives perceive uncertainty and equivocality in their business contexts, it is possible to show how organizations should be designed in order to effectively process information. The research shows how executives' perceptions of environmental uncertainty and equivocality differ across industries and countries in both the natural and commercial environments. The target sample consists of executives from the German (n = 92) and UK (n = 198) textile industries and the German food industry (n = 117). The data have been obtained using research instruments adapted and developed by the author. The findings have significant implications for how organizations should be designed (i.e. structures and systems) in order to process commercial and environmental information. Furthermore, the findings also highlight organizational differences between countries (Germany and UK) and between industries (food and textile). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Nanoelectronic pulse generators based on gated resonant tunnelling diodes
Authors: Wernersson Lars‐Erik , Lindström Peter , Nauen André , Lind Erik 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe study the operation of a gated resonant tunnel diode placed in an oscillator tank circuit for application as a pulse generator. The gated diode is realized by a metal gate placed 30nm away from a resonant tunnelling double barrier heterostructure, where the gate is used to control the current of the tunnelling diode. A large signal model is developed for the gated resonant tunnelling diode and we use this model to study the operation of the pulsed oscillator. It is demonstrated that the gate can be used to switch the oscillations on and off and to tune the oscillation frequency via changes in the internal capacitances in the gated diode. A modulation in the oscillation frequency of 7.6 GHz around 220 GHz is obtained for a change in the gate bias from 0.2 to −0.6V. Short pulses applied to the gate results in only four periods of oscillation with a broad power spectrum. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PAQM: an adaptive and proactive queue management for end‐to‐end TCP congestion control
Authors: Ryu Seungwan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTwo functions, the congestion indicator (i.e. how to detect congestion) and the congestion control function (i.e. how to avoid and control congestion), are used at a router to support end‐to‐end congestion control in the Internet. Random early detection (RED) (IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking1993;1(4):397–413) enhanced the two functions by introducing queue length averaging and probabilistic early packet dropping. In particular, RED uses an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) queue length not only to detect incipient congestion but also to smooth the bursty incoming traffic and its resulting transient congestion. Following RED, many active queue management (AQM)‐based extensions have been proposed. However, many AQM proposals have shown severe problems with detection and control of the incipient congestion adaptively to the dynamically changing network situations. In this paper, we introduce and analyse a feedback control model of TCP/AQM dynamics. Then, we propose thePro‐active Queue Management(PAQM) mechanism, which is able to provide proactive congestion avoidance and control using an adaptive congestion indicator and a control function under a wide range of traffic environments. The PAQM stabilizes the queue length around the desired level while giving smooth and low packet loss rates and high network resource utilization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network dimensioning at the call level for the always‐on network
Authors: Nananukul Soracha 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt is becoming common for the network to provide always‐on access services, where subscribers are guaranteed that their call requests will never be blocked. This paper studies the call‐level link dimensioning for the always‐on network with single‐class traffic. The call‐level QoS requirement is expressed in terms of the probability of a poor‐quality call, which is the probability that a call experiences packet‐level QoS violation at any time during its duration, as opposed to the probability of blocking in the network with call admission control (CAC). The system is modelled as the M/M/infinite system with finite population and an analytic expression for the probability of a poor‐quality call is derived based on performability analysis. The effects of the call‐level traffic characteristics on the required link resources are studied. It is also shown that the call‐level link dimensioning for the always‐on network needs more link resources than the network with CAC, and the call‐level link dimensioning based on the analytic expression can be used to conservatively dimension the always‐on network with arbitrarily distributed call holding time and inter‐call time. The paper also studies the problem of estimating the call‐level traffic characteristics when the knowledge of call boundaries is not available. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, Optical Properties and Theoretical Studies of Pt(P−P)(CN)2 with P−P = 1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene and 2,2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl − Luminescence from Metal‐to‐Ligand Charge Transfer and Intraligand States
Authors: Pawlowski Valeri , Kunkely Horst , Lennartz Christian , Böhn Karlheinz , Vogler Arnd 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe complexes PtII(P−P)(CN)2 with P−P = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene (dppb) and 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (binap) were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, ESI MS and electronic spectroscopy. The structure of Pt(dppb)(CN)2 was resolved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This compound consists of mononuclear PtII complexes with an almost planar PtP2C2 coordination. While both complexes are not luminescent in solution, they show an emission in the solid state under ambient conditions. It is suggested that the luminescence of Pt(dppb)(CN)2 originates from a (PtII→dppb) metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) triplet with some dppb intraligand (IL) contribution. This assignment is confirmed by calculations which provide further insight into the excited state properties of the complex. In solution the phosphorescence is absent because the MLCT/IL state is deactivated to a nonemissive ligand field (LF) triplet, which is located at rather low energies owing to its distortion towards a tetrahedral structure. In the solid state this distortion is hindered. In the case of solid Pt(binap)(CN)2, the phosphorescence is apparently of the IL type as the ππ* triplet of the binaphthyl chromophore occurs at low energies. Again, in solution the phosphorescence is absent owing to the interference by a distorted LF state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Electronic Structure of High‐Spin Iron(IV) Complexes
Authors: Ghosh Abhik , Tangen Espen , Ryeng Hege , Taylor Peter R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHigh‐spin (S = 2) iron(IV) species are rare but increasingly recognized as reactive intermediates in the catalytic cycles of several nonheme iron enzymes. A question of some interest, therefore, concerns how much higher in energy the low‐spin (S = 1) state is for these species. With the use of density functional theory (DFT) and high‐level ab initio calculations [CASPT2 and CCSD(T)], we have attempted to answer this question for the so‐called Collins complex, a square‐pyramidal FeIV complex with a tetraamido‐N equatorial ligand set, a chloride axial ligand, and an S = 2 ground state. The calculations suggest that relative to the ground state, the low‐spin state is higher in energy by at least 0.3 eV and possibly as much as 0.7 eV. Using DFT calculations, a broad quantum chemical survey of high‐spin FeIVO intermediates was also undertaken. A key finding is that the Fe−O distance and O spin population are quite similar across all mononuclear FeIVO species studied, regardless of the heme versus nonheme environment and of the S = 1 versus 2 spin state, reflecting the essential similarity of the Fe(dπ)−O(pπ) orbital interactions in all the species studied. However, the spin density profiles of high‐spin FeIVO species, currently believed to be known only as a nonheme iron enzyme (TauD) intermediate, are predicted to be very different from that of Collins’ high‐spin FeIV complex. Our calculations further suggest that with the help of sterically hindered ligands such as 6‐me3‐tpa, it might be possible to generate synthetic high‐spin FeIVO models of the unique TauD intermediate. Finally, our calculations confirm the aptness of describing the [(6‐me3‐tpa)FeIII(μ‐O)2FeIV(6‐me3‐tpa)]3+ cation as a flexible diamond core and indicate the presence of a fairly discrete high‐spin FeIVO unit within the dinuclear core. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)