bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Emission Analysis and Source Localization With Pencil Lead Breaks on Graphene-Reinforced Epoxy Specimens
Authors: Ewles Michael , Rousseau Griffin , Zhu Linda , Han Je-Heon , Aluko Olanrewaju 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Graphene-reinforced epoxy materials have become popular in engineering applications because of their advanced mechanical properties, such as their light weight and high strength. When introducing composite materials into structures, it has also brought great interest in how to monitor the functionality of the materials and identify material failure in real-time. Therefore, the structure-health monitoring of such materials has received great attention. Engineers are especially working on understanding the structure of composite materials and whether the mechanical properties and failure behavior could change when the contents vary in the composite materials. There is a broad range of non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic and thermographic tests. In our study, we have chosen the acoustic emission (AE) method because it could be conducted with a minimal number of sensors and provide real-time feedback with a limited signal processing time. The goal of the proposed project was to validate the efficiency of using the AE method to identify the location of failure(s) in the graphene-reinforced structure. Sound source localization algorithms have been widely used with AE technology to identify the location of defects and cracks. It usually collects the time of arrival (TOA) or time differences of arrival (TDOA) at the sensor arrays, and calculates the location of the sound source, saying where the AE is generated by cracks, with the geometry information of the structure. In this project, three different types of samples were prepared, on epoxy with 1%, 2%, and 3% graphene-reinforced. The samples were shaped based on the ASME tensile test specimen standard. During the experiments, two sensors were placed on both ends of a sample, and a pencil lead break was used to produce AE signals at multiple locations in between the sensors on the sample. After each pencil lead break, the time instances of the first hit signal at each sensor were recorded. The TDOA between the two sensors was recorded. Because of the geometric setup of the samples, we simplified it to a two-dimensional problem. With the prior information of the break location measured, the TDOAs were used to identify the speed of sound traveling in the sample. Ten trials at multiple pencil breakpoints were conducted and the accuracy of AE source localization was evaluated. The mean and standard deviation values were plotted. The results of different samples with 1%, 2%, and 3% graphene content were compared. The future work of the project will be to conduct tensile tests on the samples and evaluate the AE localization effectiveness in monitoring fracture location in real-time.
Tensile Testing of Multifunctional Structural Batteries
Authors: Raju Karthikayen , Jiahao Huang , Beng Chye Tan Vincent , Tay Tong-Earn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Structural batteries are multifunctional systems that can store electrochemical energy and provide load-bearing capability. An important aspect is the mechanical testing of such multi-functional systems to establish mechanical properties while maintaining electrical functionality. This article proposes a tensile testing protocol while simultaneously cycling the structural pouch batteries electrochemically. Since most batteries require encapsulation and cannot be used in exposed environments, damage to the protective encapsulation (pouch) needs to be avoided to ensure that the battery function is not affected. The protocol ensures that the critical encapsulation layer remains intact. The fabrication and testing of structural batteries in practical operating conditions are demonstrated in this work.
The method is demonstrated with a structural battery (in pouch cell format) fabricated with commercial carbon fibre nylon (CFN) unidirectional composite (which acts as a mechanical substrate onto which the anode and cathode is coated).
The fabricated cells are subjected to mechanical tension load and electrochemical testing simultaneously. The load’s effect on the electrochemical cycling is studied and the cells are observed to cycle electrochemically (i.e. remain functional) even after the conclusion of the mechanical tensile test. The potential of the presented method for structural battery evaluation and development will be discussed.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Frost Formation Over a Flat Additive Manufactured Surface
Authors: Demirhan Kaan , Abdusoglu Alper , Hosseini Seyedmehrab , Basol Altug Melik , Arik Mehmet , Mirkoohi Elham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Frost formation is a major challenge in the design of heat exchanger components in refrigeration and heat pump systems. The frost layer on the surfaces acts as an insulation layer on the surface which blocks the heat transfer to the surface and reduces the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchanger. Additive manufacturing (AM) has been of interest over the last decade for a wide range of engineering applications and offers certain advantages in the manufacturing of complex geometries.
In this study, a custom-designed AM surface with pins is manufactured and experimentally tested in a closed-loop frosting wind tunnel. The effect of pinned fin geometry of AM plate on frost accumulation is examined. According to the comparison, the influence of the water vapor diffusivity coefficient is studied numerically. The frosting experiments are simulated via a multiphase Eulerian-Eulerian frosting model developed in ANSYS FLUENT, and the results are compared to predict frosting phenomena on these surfaces. It is found that AM surfaces significantly affect frost formation and heat transfer characteristics.
Enhancing Consistency and Controllability in pH-Sensitive Polymer Films: Investigating the Efficacy of Near-Infrared Light Curing in Targeted Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Taylor Luke , Hirst Gregory , Terry Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to address the issue of inconsistent thickness in pH-sensitive polymer films used for medical applications. We hypothesize that curing films using Near-Infrared (NIR) light would result in consistent and predictable dissolution times. Two main experiments were conducted, one to compare the thickness consistency of films cured with NIR light and ambient conditions, and another to examine the relationship between film thickness and dissolution time. The thickness of films cured under both conditions was measured at three locations, and a statistical analysis was performed. Films of different thicknesses were exposed to a phosphate buffer solution to measure their time to dissolution. NIR-cured films exhibited a 2.5x lower standard deviation in inter-film thickness and comparable dissolution times to thinner air-cured films. Despite some overlap in thickness ranges, dissolution time appeared to be more dependent on initial solution volume rather than actual film thickness. Our results suggest that the use of NIR light in the curing process can significantly improve the consistency and predictability of pH-sensitive polymer films, making them more suitable for targeted drug delivery applications. Further research could focus on optimizing NIR exposure parameters and exploring long-term stability. This study presents a promising avenue for quality control in the in the field of targeted drug delivery, by enhancing the consistency and controllability of pH-sensitive polymer films through NIR technology. Additionally, for the first time, we have refined and documented a complete process for curing the polymer film solutions by using NIR light.
Testing and Constitutive Modeling of Creep for Wireline Cables
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Abuhaikal Muhannad , Chang Sheng , Singh Viraj , Wen James 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wireline cables used in the oil and gas industry can experience substantial length change due to creep during downhole conditions such as elevated temperature, long time duration, extended well depth, and heavy tool weight. Fast and accurate prediction of the length of wireline cables is important for positioning downhole tools being conveyed and for quality of services. In this study, we develop a method that couples constitutive modeling and testing of wireline cables for predicting creep of wireline cables under temperature and tension load. Creep test data are used to calibrate coefficients of the Voigt-Wiechert model to predict elongation of the cable. The calibrated constitutive model is verified in ABAQUS with finite element modeling by comparing the model predicted creep and test measurement. The developed test procedure can be applied to other wireline cables. The constitutive model can be easily implemented in computer programs for real-time prediction and control of wireline depth under complex job conditions.
Analytical and Numerical Implementation of Microelement Plastic Strain Accumulation Model for Rotating Bending Fatigue Life Prediction
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Vignesh Kumar , Venkatesh Bhukya , Vedantam Srikanth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we present an analytical and numerical solution of the Microelement Plastic Strain Accumulation (MPSA) model for rotating bending fatigue life prediction to investigate the effect of the spatial arrangement of heterogeneities and its associated scatter. The MPSA model is based on a modified Jenkin-Masing model, where the distribution of microscale heterogeneities in the material is captured using discrete uniaxial linear elastic-perfectly plastic microelements arranged in parallel. We employ this model to study monotonic stress-strain response, moment-curvature response, and the corresponding bending fatigue life for different spatial arrangements of the same set of microelements, whose yield strengths follow a uniform distribution. The results provide insights into the limits of scatter in rotating bending fatigue life and endurance strength.
Classification of Damage State in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Transfer Learning
Authors: Dabetwar Shweta , Jones Hannah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, composite materials have been implemented in many applications starting from micro-level to large-scale structures. With the increase in applications, the need to understand their behavior under various stress conditions has also increased. Composite materials undergo sudden damage which can lead to catastrophes. In order to avoid sudden catastrophes creating a framework that can effectively use the non-destructive inspection data and to identify the damage accurately is significantly important. In this study, a public dataset of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite which contains the Lamb wave signals of composite specimens was used. Deep learning can use the data and make the identification of damage levels but the selection of the correct algorithm is very difficult. Thus, a comparative study of multiple algorithms including transfer learning is presented in this paper to assess the performance of transfer learning models against a general deep learning model. In this study, the signals were converted into images and multiple transfer learning algorithms such as VGG16 and incpetionV3 were implemented and compared. A comparison of transfer learning vs regular CNN algorithm was also performed. A sensitivity analysis based on the number of epochs was also performed. It was concluded that sensitivity analysis is significantly important to provide optimum values of hyperparameters to achieve the highest performance of each algorithm. It was observed that pre-trained weights provided better performance than the non-pre-trained weights.
Shaping the Future of Engineering Education: Exploring Trends and Insights in ASME-IMECE Engineering Education Conference Papers, 2012-2023
Authors: Alves Anabela C. , Kumpaty Subha , Shimek Gary , Alves Diogo M. , Leão Celina P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Engineering Education (EE) track in the International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) conference of the American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME) has been publishing papers related to Engineering Education learning methodologies, methods, labs, tools, and competencies in all fields of engineering since 1999. Despite evolving trends, the overarching goal of the papers remains constant: to enhance student learning experiences through active learning methodologies and innovative approaches that empower students to take ownership of their learning journey. In this paper, an overview is presented of publications in the EE track spanning the past twelve years (2012–2023). An analysis was conducted to address quantitative and qualitative aspects of over 500 papers. As an initial step, this project features the results of bibliometric analyses. A large language model (LLM)-enabled platform was used to efficiently extract key points, trends, and outcomes from each title, abstract, and keywords of each conference paper. This approach enabled the development of insights into the evolving landscape of EE research. The primary goal of this analysis was to uncover and elucidate emerging trends in the field of EE, thereby offering valuable insights that can shape the future research agenda. Beyond this scholarly exploration, the authors aspire to actively promote the work of the numerous researchers whose papers have been published. Moreover, they aim to inspire others within the academic community to contribute to the discourse by sharing their research through publication. An important finding is that papers during the study period from 2012 through 2023 are associated with a movement from traditional engineering education topics (e.g., mechanical engineering and design) to engineering education and high-tech impacts (e.g., machine learning, augmented reality).
Modal Excitation Analysis for Interior and Surface-Breaking Cracks in Two-Dimensional Half Plane Using Boundary Element and Perturbation Methods
Authors: Maruyama Taizo , Sugita Naohiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a perturbation analysis of the excitation problem for an open domain. As a fundamental study, it addresses wave scattering by a crack in a two-dimensional domain to avoid fictitious eigenfrequency issues, which are encountered in a boundary integral equation. The system comprises a homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic half plane containing interior and surface-breaking cracks. The modal amplitude is approximated using the perturbation method with the Taylor expansion around the complex-valued eigenfrequency for the open domain. The eigenfrequency problem for an open domain is solved using boundary element method and Sakurai-Sugiura method, which is one of the nonlinear eigensolvers. Several numerical results demonstrate that the proposed perturbation method approximately evaluates the modal amplitude due to real-valued frequency excitation.
Linear Quadrature Method of Moments for Solving the PDF Model Equation for Turbulent Reactive Flows
Authors: Wang Yunchu , Wang Yize , Yuan Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quadrature-based moment methods (QBMMs) are an alternative approach for the numerical solution of the probability density function (PDF) model equation for turbulent combustion. In this work, we propose a new QBMM called Linear Quadrature Method Of Moments (LQMOM) for the univariate PDF case. We use a set of predefined quadrature nodes and weights in the sample space to establish linear equations for the PDF values at the nodes in the moment inversion. The LQMOM is more economic than the original QMOM which needs to solve nonlinear equations in the moment inversion. However, the LQMOM may return negative PDF values for a non-smooth PDF. So we construct the LQMOM-QMOM hybrid algorithm. Further, we develop the linear Conditional Quadrature Method Of Moments (LCQMOM) and a simplified version (LCQMOM-S) for the multivariate PDF case by referring to the main idea of the original CQMOM. The LQMOM-QMOM hybrid algorithm is tested in a plug-flow reactor example, and the LQMOM(-S)-CQMOM hybrid algorithms in conjunction with a LES method are tested in two compressible turbulent reactive flow examples. The numerical results show that the hybrid algorithms can reduce 20–35% computational cost compared with the respective QMOM and CQMOM.
Vat Photopolymerization 3d Printing of Multifunctional Contact Lenses for Ocular Applications
Authors: Hisham Muhammed , Lee Sungmun , Butt Haider 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Smart contact lenses offer unique opportunities as personalized, non-invasive devices that simultaneously perform a wide range of functions. However, the actual production of smart contact lenses is rather challenging. Herein, two vat photopolymerization 3D printing techniques are presented for producing multimaterial and multifunctional contact lenses. In the first technique, a contact lens is 3D printed with hollow channels, which are later filled with resin containing different dyes or drugs. In the second method, functionalized structures are directly 3D printed on top of a commercial contact lens. Atto dyes enable red-green and blue-yellow color vision correction. Photochromic dye enables UV monitoring, warning the wearer in case of UV hazards. Multifunctional contact lenses which can perform ocular health monitoring can also be produced through these techniques. Drug delivery is explored from drug-loaded structures added on the contact lens. Herbal eye drops and phenol red were utilized for studying drug release. The dyes and drugs are incorporated into hydroxyethyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (HEMA:PEGDA) hydrogels. Drug release rate can be varied by varying the drug loading or the hydrogel composition. The multifunctional contact lenses displayed excellent optical and material properties. Drug loaded structures are printed as peripheral structures that do not hinder vision. These multifunctional contact lenses can enable simultaneous color vision correction, health monitoring and drug delivery without disturbing the daily routine of the wearer. The study demonstrates the potential of vat photopolymerization 3D printing for cost-effective production of multifunctional contact lenses.
Vibration Control Coupler Design for Robot Learning From Human Polishing
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Reyes Ashley , Shanks Jack , Dey Rohit , Chernjavsky Patrick , Zheng Yihao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polishing is a finishing process using abrasive tools to improve workpiece surface quality and geometric tolerance. Polishing has been primarily performed manually, despite recent advances in automation and robotics in manufacturing. Manual polishing is troubled by quality control, workforce training, and occupational hazards. Robotic implementation may enhance polishing quality, efficiency, and safety. Robotic polishing of complex geometries is challenged by trajectory planning, force control, and general adaptability. Robot learning from human could potentially address these challenges to handle complex geometries. To learn from human polishing, the compliance and structure differences between robotic and human arms could be an obstacle. In this study, we aim to design a coupler, connecting the polishing tool to the robot end effector, to bring the polishing vibration of the robotic system close to that of the manual polishing. To evaluate the coupler vibration control performance, the polishing vibrations characterized by, a triaxial piezoelectric accelerometer and polishing forces measured by a 6-axis force/torque sensor were compared in three cases: robotic polishing with the coupler (RP_c), robotic polishing without the coupler (RP_o), and the manual polishing (MP), under three normal polishing forces of 10, 20, and 30 N with low, medium, and high pneumatic power settings. The human arm and the proposed coupler suppressed the higher dominating frequencies excited by the sander vibration in RP_o and reduced the magnitude of the dominating frequencies The results demonstrated that the robotic system with the coupler could achieve a similar polishing vibration as manual polishing, which could bring down the barrier to future robot learning from human polishing.
Design of Experiments Informed Investigation of Magnetic Field Assisted Nickel Electroplating on Copper
Authors: Balsamy Kamaraj Abishek , Merugu Saketh , Mahajan Chaitanya , Gupta Anju 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the synergistic effects of electrolyte flow velocity and magnetic fields on the surface quality of nickel electroplated onto copper substrates. Nickel coatings protect copper from oxidation and fouling, prolonging component life. An electroplating apparatus with a Watts bath and copper electrode was used to compare three deposition methods: static bath, flowing electrolyte, and flowing electrolyte under a magnetic field. Our investigation indicates a direct relationship between current density and deposition thickness, with thicker deposits at lower flow speeds and narrower electrode gaps, suggesting gas bubble effects. Applying a perpendicular magnetic field generally increased current density and thickness, except at the highest flow rate and widest gap. Design of Experiments analysis revealed the magnetic field homogeneously improved surface roughness uniformity compared to other variables. Lower current densities yielded smoother surfaces. Magnetic field exposure enhanced wettability, indicating increased surface energy that can be attributed to ion alignment during deposition. These findings demonstrate magnetic fields can manipulate the wetting behavior of electroplated surfaces, with potential applications in immersion cooling of microelectronics. Additionally, controlling wettability through magnetic field-assisted electroplating offers opportunities to tailor surface properties for specific applications.
Experimental Investigation on the Transcritical Dynamic Characteristics of Water Wall for a Supercritical CFB Boiler
Authors: Yang Dong , Du Xiaocheng , Guo Zerui , An Ning , Han Lei , Wei Ziyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When the boiler load varies, the operational parameters in the water wall will change, this process is called as dynamic process. Dynamic process presents unique flow and heat transfer phenomena within the water wall. To investigate the process, the research was conducted in a vertical upward smooth tube for a supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Experiments were conducted to explore the dynamic characteristics during transcritical pressure process. The results indicate that as system pressure decreases from 23 MPa to 21 MPa, the mass flux within the tube increases sharply, and the outlet fluid temperature decreases. Concurrently, a rapid rise in wall temperature was observed. As the inlet mass flux increases, the wall temperature eventually returns to the normal value. The dynamic heat transfer coefficients were calculated throughout the transcritical pressure process, revealing stages of heat transfer deterioration, subcooled boiling, and single-phase water heat transfer. In addition, experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to explore the dynamic characteristics at supercritical pressure. The dynamic response curves during the step process of heat flux and inlet enthalpy under supercritical pressure conditions were obtained. As the inlet enthalpy decreases, the system mass flux increases, and as the heat flux increases, the system mass flux decreases. And there is no rise in wall temperature during the dynamic response at supercritical pressure.