bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated nanofibre sizing by multi‐image processing and deep learning with revised UNet model
Authors: Yu Hesheng , Gao Erqian , Tan Zhongchao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanofibres have been widely used in many chemical engineering applications and their performance greatly depends on the size distribution of the nanofibres. Researchers have developed automated tools to determine nanofibre diameters, primarily using commercial MATLAB software package. However, no researchers have reported automatic processing of multiple images, which is essential to the consistency and accuracy of results. Nor has anyone reported nanofibre sizing using deep learning. Therefore, this paper reports an automated tool to measure the size distribution of electrospun nanofibres by simultaneous multi‐image processing. This tool determines the diameters of nanofibres using deep learning based on UNet model. Results show that the UNet‐based deep learning approach is more accurate than those obtained using existing methods, compared to experimental data.
Evaluation of neural network models and quality forecasting based on process time‐series data
Authors: Wang Zhu , Liu Laize , Dong Xiujuan , Liu Jiaxuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComplex industrial process modelling is critically important within the context of industrial intelligence. In recent years, soft sensor techniques based on neural networks have become increasingly popular for modelling nonlinear industrial processes. This paper proposes an integrated framework of neural network modelling and evaluation for nonlinear dynamic processes. This framework achieves an integrated solution for modelling, prediction, evaluation, and network structure parameter selection. It can be applied to noisy sensors and dense data in the time domain. The framework's proposed evaluation mechanism employs two novel evaluation metrics, the variational auto‐encoder (VAE)‐based Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence metric and the maximum likelihood estimation‐based J metric, which both evaluate the model by mining the statistical properties of the residuals. The framework models the dynamic process with a model order based‐gated recurrent units (MOb‐GRU) neural network and a modified transformer model. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the evaluation mechanism functions properly in scenarios with multiple signal‐to‐noise ratios and multiple noise statistical properties and that the framework produces accurate modelling results.
A low power‐area low pass Gm‐C filter in biomedical analog front end for biosignal acquisition
Authors: Vafaei Mehrnoosh , Parhizgar Ali , Abiri Ebrahim , Salehi Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2023

SummaryIn this paper, a low‐power transconductor‐capacitor (Gm‐C) filter with programmable cutoff frequency is designed for electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and surface electromyography (sEMG) biosignals. The second‐order Butterworth low pass filter (LPF) is designed as an interface between an instrumentation amplifier (IA) and an analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC). The proposed Gm‐C filter suppresses out‐of‐band components and also plays an anti‐aliasing role. With the variable transconductance based on flipped voltage follower (FVF), the cutoff frequencies of 100 Hz, 560 Hz, and 1.5 kHz are obtained for EEG, ECG, and sEMG, respectively. This structure is highly accurate by using a robust and low‐power common mode feedback (CMFB). With 0.8 V supply voltage, the total power consumption of the filter is only 56 nW, 100 nW, and 221 nW for cutoff frequencies of 100 Hz, 560 Hz, and 1.5 kHz, respectively. The proposed Gm‐C filter is simulated in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 0.12 mm2. The figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed filter is equal to 1.9 pW/pole.
Utility of GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry for the assessment of fine‐needle aspiration in breast cancer patients with suspicious axillary lymph nodes at ultrasound
Authors: Lan Zhihua , Zhang Jing , Li Jianping , He Rongfang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a routine preoperative method for evaluating suspicious axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in patients with breast cancer. However, a range of reasons such as morphological pitfalls, technical artifacts, and sampling errors restrict the sensitivity and accuracy of FNAC. This retrospective study investigated the diagnostic value of GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA‐3) immunocytochemistry for FNAC.MethodsBreast cancer patients who underwent preoperative FNAC for suspicious ALNs, relevant GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry, and postoperative status of ALNs were reviewed from the period of March 2020 to February 2022. Altogether, 102 patients were included in the study. FNAC material smears stained with hematoxylin and eosin was initially assessed by two cytopathologists and categorized into five groups: nondiagnostic, negative, atypical, suspicious, and positive for malignancy. Only group of cells positive for malignancy was considered positive. For each case, two selected slides were digitized (whole slide imaged) at ×40 magnification and decolored for GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry. The expression of GATA‐3 was scored ranging from 0 to 9 (Score ≥3: Positive, Score ≤2: Negative). If either FNAC or GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry was positive or the combined test positive, then the case was considered positive. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAC, GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry, and combined FNAC/GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry were analyzed by χ2 and Fisher's tests.ResultsThe mean age of the study participants was 50.62 (ranging: 30–73 years). Invasive breast carcinoma (not otherwise specified) accounted for most histological subtypes, and grade 2 was the leading Nottingham grade. Sixteen cases directly underwent mastectomy while the other 86 patients had neoadjuvant therapy. A more serious diagnosis was made based on GATA‐3 detection in 22.5% (n = 23) of 102 cases. Of the 23 cases, metastasis was confirmed by GATA‐3 detection in 21 cases, and an uncertain diagnosis was ascertained based on GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry in 2 with nondiagnostic FNAC results. The sensitivity (77/87, 88.5%) of GATA‐3 detection for distinguishing malignancies from benign lesions was higher than that of FNAC alone (62/87, 71.3%) (p < .05).ConclusionsGATA‐3 immunocytochemistry exhibited high diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing malignant breast cancer cells. Moreover, combined FNAC and GATA‐3 immunocytochemistry achieved optimal results in terms of reducing the false‐negative rate and promoting accuracy.
Teledentistry content in Canadian dental and dental hygiene curricula
Authors: Bakhshaei Anahita , Donnelly Leeann , Wallace Bruce , Brondani Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the extent to which teledentistry (TD) content is incorporated into Canadian dental and dental hygiene curricula.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed among all 10 dental and 35 dental hygiene programs across Canada in June and July 2022. The survey focused on TD teaching (methods employed, content taught, and barriers to TD education), with descriptive (frequency, maximum, minimum, mean) and inferential (Pearson chi‐square for odds ratio test) data analyses using SPSS. A ρ − value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThirty‐four programs responsed to the survey, including all dental (n = 10) and 68% (n = 24) of dental hygiene programs; eighteen reported having TD content, including three dental programs. An average of 9.22 ± 4.86 h was reported for teaching TD, with lecture format as the most employed approach and using TD in dental practice as the most covered topic. While 53% of the dental hygiene programs employed formative and summative assessments, only one dental program reported having assessment for this content. Moreover, programs that dedicated less than 9 h to teaching this content were less likely to address more than seven topics (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.14).ConclusionThe dental and dental hygiene programs in Canada differ in their offering TD education, and 30% of the dental and 62.5% of the surveyed dental hygiene programs addressed TD content. This scarcity emphasizes the necessity for incorporating such content in future curriculum planning to consequently decrease the lack of knowledge, an identified barrier to TD implementation in education and practice, as today's students will be future educators.
Research participants' perspectives regarding the feedback of secondary findings–A cohort from the DDD‐Africa study, South Africa
Authors: Shingwenyana Barry , Rossouw Bianca , Thom Jamey , Louw Nadja , Krause Amanda , Lombard Zané ,   for the DDD‐Africa Research Group, as members of The H3Africa Consortium
Published: November 2023

AbstractGenomic researchers face an ethical dilemma regarding feedback of individual results generated from genomic studies. In the African setting, genomic research is still not widely implemented and, coupled with this, the limited African‐specific guidelines on how to feedback on individual research findings. A qualitative study was performed to assess participants' expectations and preferences regarding the feedback of secondary findings from genomic research. Participants were parents of children with a developmental disorder, enrolled in the Deciphering Developmental Disorders in Africa (DDD‐Africa) research project, and were purposefully selected. Three deliberative focus group discussions were conducted with 14 participants. Each deliberative focus group consisted of two separate audio‐recorded interviews and presented different case scenarios for different types of secondary findings that could be theoretically detected during genomic research. We aimed to explore participants' preferences for the extent, nature, timing, and methods for receiving individual study results, specifically pertaining to secondary findings. Thematic content analysis was done, with a deductive approach to coding. Four themes emerged which included participants' perception of readiness to receive secondary findings, queries raised around who has access to research findings and feedback of findings consent, responsibilities of the researcher, and reasons for not wanting/wanting secondary findings. Overall, participants expressed that they want to receive feedback on secondary findings irrespective of disease severity and treatment availability. Lifestyle changes, early prevention or treatment, impact on future generations, and preparedness were strong motivations for wanting feedback on results. Participants felt that when the research involved minors, it was the parents' right to receive results on behalf of their children. This study provides new insights into participants' preferences around feedback on genomic research results and could serve as an important basis for creating guidelines and recommendations for feedback on genomic results in the African context.
“Learning with each other, about each other”: Interdisciplinary learning among genetic counseling students and clinical health psychology residents
Authors: Hartley Jessica N. , Holmqvist Maxine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterprofessional collaborative healthcare is known to improve provider satisfaction and retention, as well as patient safety and quality of care. The specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to work in these environments are best taught interprofessionally. Despite having considerable overlap in training, orientation, and populations served, it is rare for trainees from genetic counseling and clinical health psychology to interact and learn together. In 2017, we developed an innovative week‐long clinical health psychology rotation for students in the University of Manitoba MSc in Genetic Counselling Program, which aims to enrich psychotherapeutic/counseling knowledge and skills, as well as gain familiarity with the work of clinical psychologists. This rotation incorporates didactic teaching, observation, and structured reflection. Didactic teaching includes topics such as psychological assessment, adaptation to life‐altering news, skills for managing intense emotional responses, and counseling for change. Observations of clinical health psychologists and clinical health psychology residents occur in a range of health settings. Structured reflection is practiced in both oral and written formats. Finally, both groups of trainees participate in an interprofessional case seminar series. Feedback from this experience has been very promising, and it was identified as a strength in the program's accreditation review. Adaptations over time include refining the clinical exposures to increase breadth and relevance, increasing the contact between the trainees from the two professions and enhancing the case seminar series to be more learner‐driven and to focus on explicit interprofessional skills and themes. In addition to expected results, this rotation has led to some unanticipated findings, including an emergent emphasis on the social determinants of health and the need to work collaboratively for systemic change. Further, psychology residents have identified that it benefits them to learn more about genetic counseling and expressed interest in potential reciprocal learning opportunities in genetics clinics.
Application of whole‐genome tiling array at Shanghai port, China: An alternative method for SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance
Authors: Liu Danlei , Wang Zhiyi , Mao Mao , Zhang Zilei , Ding Xun , Zheng Huajun , Li Shenwei , Zhang Zilong , Tian Zhengan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), highlights the critical role of genomic surveillance in tracking rapidly spreading viruses and their evolving lineages. The emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 tiling array, a comprehensive tool capable of capturing the entire viral genome, has presented a promising avenue for variants. This study introduces the SARS‐CoV‐2 tiling array as a novel method for port inspection. Using next‐generation sequencing as a benchmark, 35 positive samples underwent sequencing through both methodologies, including the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7), Delta variants (AY.120, AY.122, AY.23.1), and Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.4, BA.5, BE.1, BF.7, BN.1, BQ.1, XBB.1) within the sample set. The whole‐genome tiling array demonstrated successful identification of various sublineages of SARS‐CoV‐2. The average sequencing coverage rates were 99.22% (96.82%−99.92%) for the whole‐genome tiling array and 98.56% (92.81%−99.59%) for Illumina sequencing, respectively. The match rates of these two methods ranged from 92.81%−99.59%, with an average rate of 98.56%. Among the benefits of the whole‐genome tiling array are its cost‐effectiveness and equipment simplification, making it particularly suitable for identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in the front‐line inspection department. The aforementioned findings provide valuable insights into the surveillance of COVID‐19 and present a pragmatic solution for improving quarantine measures at entry points.
Clinical characteristics and pathogenic analysis of lower respiratory tract infections in advanced lung cancer patients with different treatment modalities
Authors: Guo Ruinan , Zhang Dan , Jin Jingjing , Liu Baiyi , Li Xuejuan , Huang Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the clinical characteristics and pathogenic analysis after lower respiratory tract infection in patients with advanced lung cancer under different treatments.MethodsA retrospective analysis was adopted to collect 94 cases of patients with advanced lung cancer combined with lower respiratory tract infection from January 1, 2018 to December 1, 2020. Seventy‐four cases were male and 20 cases were female. According to the different treatments, the patients were divided into 43 cases in the chemotherapy group and 51 cases in the chemoradiotherapy group. The pathogenic and serological indexes were compared between the two groups to provide ideas for the application of antibiotics.ResultsIn the comparison of general clinical data, the chemotherapy group had a shorter hospital stay than the chemoradiotherapy group and a higher body mass index level than the chemoradiotherapy group (p < 0.05). In the comparison of serological indicators, procalcitonin, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil percentage were lower in the chemotherapy group, and the lymphocyte was higher than that in the chemoradiotherapy group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine, and alanine transaminase between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the comparison of pathogenicity, the chemotherapy group was more likely to have combined viral infections, while the chemoradiotherapy group was more likely to have Gram‐negative bacterial infections (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of fungal infections (p > 0.05). Besides, the chemoradiotherapy group was more likely to have combined infections (p > 0.05).ConclusionPatients with advanced lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy have a relatively poor prognosis after developing lower respiratory tract infections and are more likely to have mixed infections. Antibiotics need to be applied as early as possible. The common pathogens should be covered. Antiviral and antifungal drugs can be added as appropriate, and drug sensitivity tests should be completed as early as possible.
Analysis of the thenar muscles with ultrasound shear wave elastography: Reliability and preliminary findings
Authors: Iida Naoya , Kuroiwa Tomoyuki , Amadio Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsUltrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) of the thenar muscles has the potential to provide a simple and noninvasive assessment of the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but its reliability is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of SWE measurements of the elastic modulus of individual thenar muscles, to assess their suitability for clinical application.MethodsFourteen healthy volunteers, seven male and seven female, participated in this study. The elastic modulus of the thenar muscles was measured with SWE, with two independent examiners to assess inter‐rater reliability. The first examiner also performed a second measurement after an interval of least 1 day to assess intra‐rater reliability. Reliability was evaluated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsFor the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and opponens pollicis (OPP), the CI of ICC in intra‐rater reliability was 0.47–0.85 and 0.56–0.88, respectively. The CI of ICC in inter‐rater reliability was 0.27–0.78 for the APB and 0.22–0.76 for the OPP. The ICCs of intra‐ and/or inter‐rater reliability of other thenar muscles were less than 0.5.DiscussionIn this study, SWE evaluations of thenar muscles were quite variable in terms of their reliability. A larger study will be needed to determine the source of this variability, improve reliability, and assess the value of SWE in the evaluation of the severity of CTS.
Laser joining of CFRTP to metal: A review on welding parameters, joint enhancement, and numerical simulation
Authors: Hu Shuangxi , Li Fang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a lightweight material with high performance, carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic plastic (CFRTP) is being implemented increasingly in aerospace, automotive, new energy, and so forth. The connection between CFRTP and metals, which are still used in these areas, is an inevitable problem. Among the various connection techniques, laser welding of CFRTP to metal is attractive due to high efficiency, excellent strength, and no contact. This paper presents the most recent research on laser welding CFRTP and metals in three aspects: (a) the principle of laser welding CFRTP to metals and the influence of process parameters on joint quality including laser power, defocus distances, scanning speed, clamping pressure, and beam shape, (b) the joint enhancement mechanisms and methods, and (c) numerical simulations of temperature and stress fields of laser‐connected CFRTP to metals. The findings show that joint strength is significantly influenced by process parameters and that the maximum joint strength can be achieved by choosing the right parameters. Apart from the conventional techniques of texturing the metal surface, applying a suitable layer of resin, and applying chemical treatment, other novel joint improvement measures have also been used, including the use of blue laser and CFRTP embedded in the metal. The temperature field and residual stresses can be successfully simulated by finite elements, which can be useful when studying new processes and choosing parameters for metal laser welding and CFRTP.Highlights
We review the progress from parameters, simulations, and enhancements.
The main parameters have essential effects on the dimensions and strength of joints.
FEM (Finite Element Method) is applied to simulate the temperature and stress of the laser welding.
Joints can be reinforced by surface pre‐texturing, adding resin, and grafting.
Sensor performance and computational study of polyaniline film in ethylenediamine detection
Authors: Khor Shu‐Hui , Tan Rachel Sze‐Huey , Kerk Chiu‐Yiat , Lee Michelle Li‐Yen , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Phang Sook‐Wai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of computational chemistry toward the assessment of polyaniline (PAni) performance as ethylenediamine (EDA) sensor is first explored in this study. Through chemical oxidative polymerization, PAni is synthesized at different temperatures and applied as chemical sensor for EDA detection. PAni(0°C) exhibits higher electrical conductivity (1.486 × 10−2S/cm) and better sensitivity (0.0529) with R2 of 0.8419 compared to PAni(25°C). The presence of branches in PAni(25°C) hinders EDA from approaching the reactive sites of PAni and hence resulted in low sensitivity of 0.0022. Besides, 0.5 ppm limit of detection was obtained by using 3 layers of PAni(0°C). PAni(0°C) showed good recyclability of up to 10 cycles with 7 s short response time and 5 s fast recovery time. Meanwhile, good recoveries of 110% and 95% were obtained for real sample analysis for PAni(0°C). The high electrical conductivity of PAni(0°C) is supported by its low band gap energy of −0.2803 eV that was obtained by computational data. Based on the computational data, PAni(0°C) possesses the highest sensitivity in EDA detection with the short response time of 7 s which shows good agreement with the high interaction energy of 294 kcal/mol. Thus, a simple and effective EDA sensor is successfully developed.Highlights
PAni(0°C & 25°C) were successfully characterized by FTIR and UV–Vis analysis.
PAni(0°C) shows higher conductivity due to formation of longer polymer chain.
Higher sensitivity toward EDA (slope = 0.0529) is obtained for PAni(0°C).
PAni(0°C) tetramer shows higher interaction energy and lower band gap energy.
PAni(0°C) shows 7 s response time, 5 s recovery time, and up to 10 recycling cycle.