bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum in an immunocompetent elderly patient: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Zahedi Khatere , Al‐Zubaidi Nabaa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp in children. It is an uncommon infection in adults and usually affects postmenopausal women and immunocompromised patients. We report an immunocompetent elderly female with inflammatory tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum and review the literature for the past 5 years to describe the disease, its epidemiologic characteristics, dermatophyte species involved and treatment options used. The total number of cases was 11, including 8 women and 3 men, with an average age of 48.36. The most commonly isolated dermatophyte was Trichophyton tonsurans, and most cases were treated successfully with oral terbinafine with no side effects. In our case, the diagnosis was established by direct examination, culture and histological examination. Remedy with itraconazole and prednisolone was very successful. Early diagnosis of tinea capitis in adults is necessary to provide early treatment and minimize sequelae of the disease.
Exercise‐induced atrial fibrillation: A case report
Authors: Deka Pallav , Mathison Caitlin , Abela George , Karve Milind 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageMiddle‐aged male athletes, with or without underlying coronary artery disease, exhibiting exercise induced blood pressure (BP) variability and diabetes can have an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). Assessment in athletes should include long‐term arrhythmia monitoring. In addition, it is important to exert patients beyond their calculated target heart rate (HR) during an exercise stress test to detect exercise‐induced AF. We suggest this strategy be specifically used for athletes with complaints of intermittent palpitation and chest pain. Referral to an electrophysiologist for a possible ablation procedure should be considered for the management of AF in athletes in whom the use of beta‐blockers may limit exercise tolerance. Bleeding risk with the use of oral anticoagulation needs to be adequately evaluated in athletes with AF who engage in high‐intensity exercise or activities.AbstractThe report highlights the case of a 54‐year‐old Caucasian male (height 5.11′, BMI 29.8) who presented with complaints of chest pain, mild coronary artery disease, palpitation, dizziness, and labile BP with high‐intensity biking exercise. Diagnostic tests (exercise stress test, cardiac catheterization, Holter monitor, and Bardy patch) using standard procedure were unsuccessful at detecting the problem. In a repeat exercise stress test, the patient was exerted beyond the calculated HRmax (up to 117%) when the patient's heart rhythm flipped from sinus rhythm to AF. The patient was referred to a cardiac electrophysiologist and an ablation procedure was performed to prevent exercise‐induced AF with high‐intensity exercise. Young adults, with or without early coronary artery disease, performing high‐intensity endurance exercises may be at risk of developing exercise‐induced AF. This phenomenon is prevalent and well documented in the skiing population and patients with variance in BP during exercise. Endurance athletes tend to have a lower resting HR. As such, the use of standard rate‐control medications in patients with exercise‐induced AF may not be appropriate. Referral to a cardiac electrophysiologist and ablation procedures should be considered in this population for management and symptom control. If tolerated, especially in young adults with complaints of palpitation and chest pain, patients should be exerted beyond their calculated HRmax during an exercise stress test to diagnose an underlying condition of exercise‐induced AF.
Etoricoxib‐induced pleural effusion: A case report
Authors: Sah Bishal Kumar , Pradhan Ravi Ranjan , Shah Sangam , Gaurav Bishal 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageDrug‐induced pleural effusion is extremely rare. It is the diagnosis of exclusion. This condition can be suspected if the patient has been exposed to a likely causative drug, develops new signs and symptoms, and has a remittance of these symptoms once the drug is withheld.AbstractEtoricoxib has been a very popular nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug and is prescribed widely due to its fewer gastrointestinal side effects. Pleural effusion caused by etoricoxib is rarest among the side effects. Here, we report a case of a 45‐year‐old female with pleural effusion induced by etoricoxib.
A Conformationally Stable π‐Expanded X‐Type Double Helicene Comprising Dihydropyracylene Units with Multistage Redox Behavior
Authors: Bergner John , Borstelmann Jan , Cavinato Luca M. , Fuenzalida‐Werner Juan Pablo , Walla Christian , Hinrichs Heike , Schulze Philipp , Rominger Frank , Costa Rubén D. , Dreuw Andreas , Kivala Milan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA π‐expanded X‐type double [5]helicene comprising dihydropyracylene moieties was synthesized from commercially available acenaphthene. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed the unique highly twisted structure of the compound resulting in the occurrence of two enantiomers which were separated by chiral HPLC, owing to their high conformational stability. The compound shows strongly bathochromically shifted UV/vis absorption and emission bands with small Stokes shift and considerable photoluminescence quantum yield and circular polarized luminescence response. The electrochemical studies revealed five facilitated reversible redox events, including three reductions and two oxidations, thus qualifying the compound as chiral multistage redox amphoter. The experimental findings are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory pointing towards increased spatial extension of the frontier molecular orbitals over the polycyclic framework and a considerably narrowed HOMO–LUMO gap.
Recent Advances in Enantioselective Reactions of Terminal Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Guo Qihang , Shen Xuzhong , Lu Zhan 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summaryα‐Olefins as aliphatic terminal alkenes could be obtained easily from numerous contemporary synthetic reactions as well as petrochemical industry, and also found in natural products. Compared to the alkenes attaching the directing groups or activating group, the catalytic asymmetric reaction of unactivated terminal alkenes presents great challenges due to the weak electron effect and small steric hindrance effect. This review mainly summarizes the latest progress of the asymmetric reaction of unactivated terminal olefins since 2016.
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Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Phenanthridines with Chiral Boranes
Authors: Cui Guangyu , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe asymmetric hydrogenation of N‐heteroarenes provides an efficient method for the synthesis of optically active cyclic secondary amines. In this paper, we described an asymmetric hydrogenation of phenanthridines using a chiral mono‐alkene‐derived borane. A variety of dihydrophenanthridines were furnished in high yields with up to 93% ee. The current catalytic system was very sensitive for the steric hindrance of phenanthridines. Bulky substituents at one phenyl group of phenanthridines were required to obtain the high enantioselectivity. But large substituents on the carbon of the C=N bonds would diminish the reactivity sharply.
A scheduling algorithm based on critical factors for heterogeneous multicore processors
Authors: Li Chen , Lin Ziniu , Tian Lihua , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2023

SummaryAs the development of chip manufacturing technology slows down, high‐performance processors often have high energy consumption and high heat generation. Therefore, heterogeneous multi‐core processors become more and more popular, and the heterogeneous multi‐core processors is adopted to execute programs. At present, the general program consists of multiple threads. To reach goals of accelerating program execution and reducing energy consumption and heat generation of system, a suitable thread scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous multi‐core processors is needed. In this article, a thread scheduling algorithm based on multiple critical scheduling factors is proposed. First, a prediction model of thread performance and energy consumption is used to predict the core sensitivity of threads. Then, critical threads are judged and accelerated by collecting the synchronization information between threads. Finally, the load balancing method based on the computing power of cores and the core sensitivity of threads is employed to perform system load balancing, which ensures the fairness of the scheduling. Several experiments are provided, and the results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain better performance of thread schedule.
Aquila optimizer with dynamic group strategy for global optimization tasks
Authors: Deng Bin 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe Aquila optimizer (AO) is an efficient method for solving global optimization problems. However, the evolution of each individual learns from experience in the same group, which can easily fall into local optima. Therefore, this paper adopts the dynamic grouping strategy (DGS) of the population and proposes an improved AO algorithm to solve the global optimization problem. Different from the original AO algorithm, the DGSAO algorithm only evolves the individuals with the worst fitness in each group each time, which increases the diversity of the population. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, we tested it on 23 benchmark functions, among which the dimensions of to are 30, 100, and 200 dimensions. The experimental results show that the DGSAO algorithm is an effective method for solving global optimization problems. At the same time, we also conduct experiments on two engineering design problems, and the results show that the DGSAO algorithm can obtain a competitive result.
Single‐Nucleus RNA‐Sequencing in Brain Tissue
Authors: Waag Rebecca , Bohacek Johannes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeuroscience research greatly benefits from single‐cell sequencing technologies, which can reveal transcriptional alterations on a cellular level. However, preparing single‐cell suspensions is technically challenging, requires experience, and has several limitations that can influence the transcriptional readout. Performing sequencing of single nuclei instead of single cells alleviates several of the challenges of sample preparation and highlights acute nuclear transcription. Here, we provide a protocol to prepare a nuclei suspension for single‐nucleus RNA‐sequencing for cell type‐specific transcriptional profiling of brain tissue using the 10x Genomics single‐cell gene expression assay. Furthermore, we highlight important aspects to consider during experimental design and data analysis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of single‐nucleus suspensionBasic Protocol 2: Preparation and sequencing of single‐nucleus libraries for RNA‐seq
Purification of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs)
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Hein Nadine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are primary fibroblasts purified from mouse embryos at a defined time post‐fertilization. MEFs have versatile applications, including use as feeder cell layers or sources of untransformed primary cells for a variety of biological assays. MEFs are most commonly isolated between embryonic day (E)12.5 and E13.5 but can be isolated from embryos as early as E8.5 and as late as E15.5. The individual embryos are harvested by carefully removing uterine tissue, yolk sac, and placenta. The embryos are euthanized, and non‐mesenchymal tissues, such as the fetal liver and heart, are removed before tissue homogenization. The remaining fetal tissue is homogenized by mechanical mincing using a sterile blade, followed by enzymatic digestion and resuspension. During tissue dissociation, the duration of trypsin‐EDTA/DNase digestion and enzyme concentration are critical parameters to produce high‐quality MEFs with the highest rates of cell viability and proliferation potential. MEFs can be cryopreserved at passage (P) 0 if >80% confluent, passaged for further expansion before freezing down, or directly utilized for downstream applications, i.e., preparation as feeder cell layers. Primary MEFs possess a limited proliferation capacity of ∼20 cell divisions, beyond which the percentage of senescent cells rapidly increases; thus, cultures should only be expanded/passaged to a maximum of P5. Critical for cell viability during cryopreservation and thawing of MEFs is the slow decrease in temperature when freezing, the rapid increase when thawing, the use of a cryoprotective agent, and an optimal cell density. While it is critical to generate high‐quality MEFs to standardize and optimize preparation procedures and utilize fresh reagents, some variability in proliferation capacity and cell viability between MEF preparations remains. Thus, MEF preparation, culture, and cryopreservation procedures are continuously being optimized. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Purification, passaging, and expansion of MEFsSupporting Protocol: Cryopreservation and thawing of MEFs
Examining a theoretical model of eco‐anxiety on consumers' intentions towards green products
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Paço Arminda , Rocha Raysa Geaquinto , Palazzo Maria , Siano Alfonso 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGiven the current levels of pollution and global warming concerns, consumers started to be more and more involved with environmental issues, becoming more anxious regarding the state of natural resource depletion. Thus, this research aims to examine the concept of eco‐anxiety among consumers who are aware of the repercussions of the current environmental complexities, analysing how or to what extent it affects them, bearing in mind that individuals may tend to escape from stressful environmental issues. A conceptual model will be tested using data from consumers of two countries representing very different regions and socioeconomic contexts: India and Italy. An online self‐administered questionnaire was distributed in India and Italy between February and March 2022. Employing partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM), a sample of 557 individuals was collected (316 from India; 241 from Italy). The study examined the measurement model to assess validity and reliability, as well as the structural model to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that consumers of India and Italy tend to avoid thinking about environmental crises trying to normalise their plight. As observed, eco‐anxiety positively influences emotional dissonance, and escapism is positively related to this construct, but intentions to buy green products are found to be insignificant. Practical implications were drawn for policymakers and practitioners, indicating different orientations according to the region.
Does non‐compliance pay? Environmental violations and share prices in China
Authors: Xia Fan , Hua Yunxin , Zhang Bing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how environmental penalties affect the share prices of Chinese listed companies. By linking the share prices of listed firms to the full administrative environmental penalty records from 2015 to 2020, market reactions to 3602 environmental violations measured by cumulative abnormal return (CAR) are studied. We find that after an environmental penalty, the share price of the violator would decline significantly, but with a small magnitude in general. Our results provide empirical evidence that companies are paying some extra costs in the stock market for their environmental noncompliance in China, especially for environmental penalties with large fines, business bans, or those issued by high‐level governments. Also, large, state‐owned, and key emission unit companies are found to be less affected.
Discovery of N‐(phenylsulfonyl)thiazole‐2‐carboxamides as potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Jia‐Hao , Zhao Si‐Yu , Chang Yi‐Qun , Chen Qiu‐Xian , Wu Wen‐Fu , Jiao Shu‐Meng , Xiao Haichuan , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Jian‐Fu , Xu Jun , Sun Ping‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn a search for novel nonsugar α‐glucosidase inhibitors for diabetes treatment, a series of N‐(phenylsulfonyl)thiazole‐2‐carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized, the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities were then evaluated. Several compounds with promising α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects were identified. Among these, compound W24 which shows low cytotoxicity and good α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 53.0 ± 7.7 μM, is more competitive compared with the commercially available drug acarbose (IC50 = 228.3 ± 9.2 μM). W24 was identified as a promising candidate in the development of α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation were also performed to reveal the binding pattern of the active compound to α‐glucosidase, and the binding free energy of the best compound W24 was 36.3403 ± 3.91 kcal/mol.
Retrograde transgastric jejunostomy for nutritional management and aspiration prevention in cases with severe malignant esophageal strictures
Authors: Yamashita Takeshi , Otsuka Koji , Goto Satoru , Ariyoshi Tomotake , Motegi Kentaro , Kohmoto Masahiro , Saito Akira , Sato Yoshihito , Kishimoto Yutaka , Murakami Masahiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLocally advanced esophageal cancer often presents with dysphagia and can be complicated by aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, nutritional management is important to prevent pneumonia. Enteral nutrition via gastrostomies is common in esophageal cancer patients. Here, we describe the efficacy of nutritional management using a gastrojejunostomy tube retrogradely inserted in the esophagus through gastrostomy to simultaneously drain accumulated fluid on the proximal side of a malignant stricture. We performed this procedure for two cases with severe malignant strictures using two types of endoscope insertion. A 57‐year‐old male patient (Case 1) underwent a retrograde insertion of a gastrojejunostomy tube for severe esophageal malignant stricture with severe nausea and salivary reflux. After a narrow endoscope was inserted through the gastrostomy fistula, a gastrojejunostomy tube was inserted alongside a guidewire allowing the patient to undergo definitive chemoradiotherapy without symptoms. An 82‐year‐old male patient (Case 2) was scheduled for a minimally invasive esophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy after gastrostomy. However, the patient developed aspiration pneumonia due to salivary reflux; before surgery, a narrow nasal endoscope was inserted and passed through the strictures. The percutaneous endoscopic transgastric jejunostomy catheter was retrogradely inserted alongside the guidewire. In patients with malignant strictures and salivary reflux, retrograde insertion of gastrojejunostomy tubes can simultaneously provide enteral nutrition and saliva drainage.
Unveiling the impact of DNA methylation machinery: Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in orchestrating oocyte development and cellular homeostasis
Authors: Uysal Fatma , Sukur Gozde , Bozdemir Nazlican , Cinar Ozgur 
Published: November 2023

SummaryDNA methylation can be considered the most prominent in controlling the gene expression responsible for the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. In this study, we aimed to analyze the distinct contributions of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a enzymes in oocyte maturation, survival, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and compensation capacity of Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l enzymes in mouse oocytes. Following confirming the suppression of Dnmt1or Dnmt3a through siRNA application, the assessment involved immunofluorescence staining for Dnmts, 5mC, p62, and ROS levels. Cell death rates showed a noticeable increase while oocyte maturation rates exhibited significant reduction. Global DNA methylation showed a decline, concomitant with elevated p62 and ROS levels upon Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a knockdown. Remarkably, silencing of Dnmt1 led to an upsurge in Dnmt3a expression, whereas Dnmt3a knockdown triggered an increase in Dnmt1 levels. Furthermore, Dnmt3l expression exhibited a notable decrease after silencing of either Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a, while Dnmt3b levels remained comparable between control and siRNA‐treated groups. Collectively, this study underscores the pivotal roles of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in orchestrating various facets of oocyte development, encompassing maturation, survival, autophagy, and ROS production. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate regulatory network governed by DNA methylation machinery within the context of oocyte physiology.
Computational Studies towards the Optimization of the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate: Advantages of Continuous Flow Processing
Authors: Raymond Justine L. , Detta Elena , Alza Esther , Fianchini Mauro , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeveral strategies to synthesize desired 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate targets have been reported over the years. The most convenient way features the preparation of the precursor triazolopyridine‐N‐oxide through a condensation step between sulfilimines and a nitrile oxide species, followed by a deoxygenation step. This paper presents a detailed work on the synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate‐N‐oxide, featuring a synergistic experimental‐theoretical approach. Herein, we report the development of an efficient and straightforward method to prepare ethyl [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate 3‐oxide in continuous flow. The transfer from batch to flow processing resulted in a significant boost in isolated yield (53 % vs. 31 %) and a decrease in the simultaneous presence of starting materials and product in the reaction media from 4 hours to 3.5 minutes. An in‐depth mechanistic study of the reaction using density functional theory provided a deeper understanding of the whole reaction manifold and key indications on how to further improve the process in flow.