bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Pulmonary Ventilation Using 3D Ventilation Flow Capacity‐Weighted and Ventilation‐Weighted Maps From 3D Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) MRI
Authors: Lee Seokwon , Lee Ho Yun , Park Jinil , Kim Hyeonha , Park Jang‐Yeon 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) ventilation flow capacity‐weighted (VFCW) maps together with 3D ventilation‐weighted (VW) maps may help to better assess pulmonary function.PurposeTo investigate the use of 3D VFCW and VW maps for evaluating pulmonary ventilation function.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwo patients (one male, 85 years old; one female, 64 years old) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and nine healthy subjects (all male; 23–27 years).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, 3D radial UTE imaging.Assessment3D VFCW and VW maps were calculated from 3D UTE MRI by voxel‐wise subtraction of respiratory phase images. Their validation was tested in nine healthy volunteers using slow/deep and fast/shallow breathing conditions. Additional validation was performed by comparison with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ventilation maps of one healthy participant. For comparison, gravity dependence of anterior–posterior regional ventilation was assessed by one‐dimensional plot of the mean signal intensity for each coronal slice. Structural similarity index measure was also calculated. Finally, VW maps and VFCW maps of two COPD patients were evaluated for emphysema lesions with reference to CT images.Statistical TestsWilcoxon sign‐rank tests for regional Ventilation and ventilation flow capacity, analysis of variance, post‐hoc t‐tests and Bonferroni correction, coefficient of variation, Kullback–Liebler divergence. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe validation of 3D VFCW and VW maps was shown by statistically significant differences in ventilation flow capacity and ventilation between the breathing conditions. Additionally, UTE‐MRI and SPECT‐based ventilation maps showed gravitational dependence in the anteroposterior direction. When applied to patients with COPD, the use of 3D VFCW and VW maps was able to differentiate between two patients with different phenotypes.Data ConclusionThe use of 3D VFCW and VW maps can provide regional information on ventilation function and potentially contribute to assessment of COPD subtypes and disease progression.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Exploring the relative importance of preseason climatic drivers on spring phenology dynamics in the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan , Liu Chang , He Hong S. , Wang Shaoqiang , Wang Lunche , Xie Zhijie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExploring spring phenology dynamics driven by climate change is crucial for investigating land–climate feedback. However, a thorough assessment of the influence of climatic drivers on spring phenology remains lacking. Here, we investigated spatiotemporal variations at the start of the growing season (SOS) in the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China, during 1982–2015 using the normalized difference vegetation index third‐generation dataset from Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies. To investigate the influence of preseason climatic factors on the SOS, partial correlation analysis was employed to assess correlations as well as to identify dominant regional drivers. Overall, the SOS dates in the study area showed obvious regional characteristics from 1982 to 2015, with a gradual delay from north to south, with more than 90% of the SOS dates occurring from Julian days 125–140. Advancement trends were observed in all ecogeographical regions, thus accounting for 94.6% of the entire research area, with an average of 7.14 days in advance. The partial correlation analysis revealed spring phenology was most significantly influenced by preseason temperature, and temperature promoted the advancement of SOS in almost the entire study area, but for semi‐humid/semi‐arid regions, the effects of total precipitation was greatest. Interestingly, preseason radiation also dominated earlier SOS dates by a few pixels, albeit in a fragmented distribution. Generally, the preseason temperature had a prominent influence on the SOS dates across all ecogeographical regions, whereas the roles of preseason precipitation and radiation varied by region. In addition to analysing a single climatic factor, our study aimed to analyse the comprehensive impacts of climatic factors on spring phenological processes, with a focus on the composite effects, helping us to improve predictions of spring phenology and provide a better understanding of land–climate interactions.
Assessing the weather conditions for urban cyclists by spatially dense measurements with an agent‐based approach
Authors: Schmitt Amelie U. , Burgemeister Finn , Dorff Henning , Finn Tobias , Hansen Akio , Kirsch Bastian , Lange Ingo , Radtke Jule , Ament Felix 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConvincing commuters to use a bike is a timely contribution to reach sustainability goals. However, more than other modes of transportation, cycling is heavily influenced by the current meteorological conditions. In this study, we assess the weather conditions experienced on individual cycling routes through an urban environment and how weather observations and forecasts may give guidance to a better cycling experience. We introduce an agent‐based model that simulates cycling trips in Hamburg, Germany, and a three‐category traffic light scheme for precipitation, wind and temperature comfort. We use these tools to evaluate the cycling weather based on the commonly used single‐station measurement approach versus spatially dense observations from an urban station network and radar measurements. Analysis of long‐term data from a single station shows that most frequently discomfort is caused by temperature with a probability of 33%. Wind and precipitation discomfort occur only for about 5% of the rides. While temperature conditions can be well assessed by a single station, only one‐third of critical precipitation events and less than 10% of critical wind events are captured. With perfect knowledge, temporal flexibility in start time of less than ±30 min reduces the risk of getting wet by 50%. For precipitation, nowcasting is able to predict 30% of the critical events correctly, which is significantly better than model forecasts. Operational ensemble forecast provides satisfactory guidance concerning temperature; however, the limited predictability of precipitation and wind renders these forecasts only useful for riders with a high risk‐awareness and small sensitivity to false alarms.
Padé via Arnoldi with single‐size matrix simplification for electromagnetic fast frequency sweep
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Qi‐Jun , Jin Jing , Liu Wei , Zhang Jianan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a new Padé via Arnoldi algorithm with single‐size matrix simplification for electromagnetic (EM) fast frequency sweep. New equations are derived to reduce the double‐size system matrix to single‐size system matrix. We also propose a systematic algorithm to calculate S‐parameters using the simplified single‐size system matrix. Using the proposed algorithm, the EM responses can be obtained with the same accuracy while consuming much less time compared with that using the existing double‐size matrix Padé via Lanczos. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by two microwave examples.
Fault detection methods for 2D and 3D geomechanical numerical models
Authors: Adwan Anthony , Maillot Bertrand , Souloumiac Pauline , Barnes Christophe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe develop automated methods for fault detection utilizing static stress and deformation fields at the onset of failure derived from numerical analysis. We calculate combinations and normalization of the distance from the Mohr circle to the Coulomb envelope, and of the second deviatoric strain invariant. A variation of the Cauchy distribution of these fields allows us to focus on the low values indicating rupture, with the help of the scale parameter δ. A threshold is then applied to decide at each spatial node of the mesh whether the material has reached failure or not. We then determine fault lines and planes from these isolated failure zones using image processing techniques, such as the Hough and the Radon transforms, or through a combined approach involving automated sorting of the nodes reaching failure through the k‐means clustering technique followed by polynomial fitting to retrieve analytic expressions of the fault curves (in 2D) or fault surfaces (in 3D). The methods are efficient except when the stress field results in diffuse rupture zones that do not localize onto fault surfaces despite tuning δ. We also highlight the advantages of using the combined clustering/poly‐fitting approach for 3D models compared to the image processing techniques. These automated fault detection methods should be useful in the interpretation of diverse failure mechanisms obtained through parametric sensitivity analyses requiring hundreds of simulations. The stress and strain fields used were derived from a numerical implementation of limit analysis, but classical finite‐difference or finite‐element techniques could have been used.
Supporting international students with disabilities
Authors: Lyerly Eric 
Published: November 2023

Dr. Loren O’Connor, the Director of Kolpin & O’Connor Global Consultants, an international firm specializing in helping universities create accessible education offices and advancing key equity and inclusion initiatives, discusses how postsecondary institutions can support international students with disabilities. You can contact Dr. O’Connor at dr.oconnor.global@gmail.com.
A radial basis function (RBF)‐finite difference method for solving improved Boussinesq model with error estimation and description of solitary waves
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mostafa , Bagheri Salec AliReza , Hatim Aal‐Ezirej Taghreed Abdul‐Kareem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Boussinesq equation has some application in fluid dynamics, water sciences and so forth. In the current paper, we study an improved Boussinesq model. First, a finite difference approximation is employed to discrete the derivative of the temporal variable. Then, we study the existence and uniqueness of solution of the semi‐discrete scheme according to the fixed point theorem. In addition, the unconditional stability and convergence of the semi‐discrete scheme are presented. Then, we construct the fully discrete formulation based upon the radial basis function‐finite difference method. The convergence rate and stability of the fully‐discrete scheme are analyzed. In the end, some examples in 1D and 2D cases are studied to corroborate the capability of the proposed scheme.
Neanderthal use of animal bones as retouchers at the Level XV of the Sopeña rock shelter (Asturias, northern Spain)
Authors: Romero Antonio J. , Yravedra José , Grandal‐d'Anglade Aurora , Pinto‐Llona Ana C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBone retouchers are a technological appliance used to perfect lithic tools efficiently. They are most frequently found in Middle Palaeolithic contexts. In this paper, we present a group of bone retouchers from the Mousterian Level XV of the Sopeña rock shelter (Asturias, Spain). The bone part preferred was the middle part of the shaft of long bones: Most of them are on metacarpals, followed by metatarsals, femurs, and tibias. The most used animal species is adult red deer. These retouchers have either one, two, or three active areas, with a central disposition. The impact marks are close together; oval pits are common, as well as straight, sinuous, and irregular grooves. The surfaces on these marks appear pitted and scaled. There are indications that the bones employed were relatively fresh. The length, width, and thickness of those bone fragments seem to be the determining factor when choosing them to be used as retouchers in the process of finishing lithic tools. The formats documented in Sopeña Level XV are similar to those found in other Mousterian sites in Iberia, although there is a certain variability regarding their width. The Neanderthals of Sopeña acquired the raw material for these retouchers from the faunal remains generated in the process of butchering and eating the animals. These retouchers were used as implements to perfect lithic tools made mainly on quartzite, and they were used repeatedly and maybe for a long time.
Low‐velocity impact response and post‐impact assessment of self‐healing composites with different stacking configurations of core–shell nanofibers
Authors: Cai Haopeng , Gan Yu , Chen Boxue , Mao Chi , Gao Lihua , Li Mengzhi , Wang Kuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the low‐velocity impact (LVI) and self‐healing behavior of carbon fiber composite laminates interlaced with electrospun polyacrylonitrile core–shell nanofibers (PAN@CFRP). The main goal is to investigate the influence of different stacking configurations of core–shell nanofibers on the impact resistance and self‐healing properties of composite laminates. To achieve the purpose, three different stacking configurations were designed and tested alongside virgin specimens. The damage mechanism and self‐healing of laminates following LVI were determined using ultrasonic C‐scan and cross‐sectional microscopy examinations. At an impact energy of 14.1 J, the flexural strength of the post‐healing PAN‐3@CFRP specimen reached 95.0% of the initial value, whereas at an impact energy of 21.8 J, severe impact damage was observed in the laminates with different configurations. Among the laminates, the PAN‐1@CFRP specimen had the highest flexural strength after healing, which reached 80.1% of its pre‐impact strength. As observed, the impact resistance and self‐healing capacity of composites could be significantly enhanced by optimizing the distribution configuration of core–shell nanofibers for various impact energies.Highlights
The introduction of electrospun core–shell nanofibers has not significantly compromised the mechanical properties of the composites, but rather enhanced their toughness.
The addition of core–shell nanofibers significantly enhances the impact resistance of the composites and imparts excellent self‐healing properties to the material.
The flexural strength of impact‐damaged specimens with different stacking configurations can be restored up to 95% of the undamaged specimen after repair treatment.
Significantly improved impact resistance and self‐healing ability of laminates by optimizing the distribution configuration of core–shell nanofibers between composite layers.
An observational post‐authorization safety study (PASS) of naloxegol drug utilization in four European countries
Authors: Kvarstein Gunnvald , Kindlundh‐Högberg Anna MS , Ould Setti Mounir , Namane Rafik , Muzwidzwa Ruvimbo , Richter Hartmut , Hakkarainen Katja M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeNaloxegol has been shown to be an efficient alternative to treat opioid‐induced constipation (OIC). This study aimed at describing the characteristics of naloxegol users and assessing patterns of naloxegol use and associated factors.MethodsThis drug utilization cohort study used observational registry data on patients newly prescribed naloxegol in four European countries. Patient characteristics and patterns of naloxegol use and associated factors were described.ResultsA total of 17 254 naloxegol users were identified across the countries. Their median age was 56–71 years, and each country had a majority of women (ranging 57.5%–62.9%). Multiple comorbidities, including cancer, were common. Natural opium alkaloids and osmotically acting laxatives (excluding saline) were the most frequently used opioids and laxatives. Overall prior use of opioids ranged from 91.9% to 99.6% and overall prior use of laxatives ranged from 69.9% to 92.4%. Up to 77.7% had prior use of medications with interaction potential, and up to 44.5% used them concurrently with naloxegol. Naloxegol was discontinued by 55.1%–90.9% of users, typically during the first 30 days. Approximately 10%–30% switched to or augmented the treatment with another constipation medication or restarted naloxegol after discontinuation. Augmentation with another constipation medication was relatively common, suggesting that naloxegol was used for multifactorial constipation.ConclusionThe present study reflects real‐world clinical use of naloxegol, including in vulnerable patient groups. Some naloxegol users lacked laxative or regular opioid use within six months before index date or used naloxegol concomitantly with medications presenting an interaction potential.
Synthesis of extended π‐conjugated hypercrosslinked polymers via a Friedel–Crafts reaction and an intramolecular Scholl coupling reaction
Authors: Wang Kewei , Wu Zhaoxia , Tang Linting , Ji Na , Zhang Chong , Jia Zhifang , Liu Ming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLong‐range conjugated structures are important for increasing the conductivity and broadening the application scope of hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs). It is, however, difficult to fabricate long‐range conjugated structures using conventional HCP synthesis methods. Herein, we report a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of HCPs with extended π‐conjugated structures through Friedel–Crafts and intramolecular Scholl‐coupling reactions from readily available aromatic compounds under mild conditions. Two conjugated HCPs (C‐HCPs), namely, C‐HCP‐ATA and C‐HCP‐TPB, were prepared from anthracene (ATA) and triphenylbenzene (TPB), respectively, using this method. The proposed strategy not only ensures a high specific surface area of materials but also introduces a long‐range conjugated structure into HCPs. The lithium‐ion battery applications of the C‐HCPs were investigated. As anode materials, C‐HCP‐ATA and C‐HCP‐TPB displayed higher lithium storage capacities, better conductivity, and higher stability than their precursors, HCP‐ATA and HCP‐TPB, which were prepared using the conventional method.
Flavour, culture and food security: The spicy entanglements of chile pepper conservation in 21st century Mexico
Authors: Sclavo Daniela 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact StatementPolitical interests and power structures shape state‐led crop conservation and food policy. As a crop that relates to culture and belonging, the chile crop is ideal for exploring how food security policy and crop conservation schemes integrate aspects beyond staple crops, calories and/or electoral incentives. What do these schemes mean for the food and ingredients we love? Reflecting from this perspective can be useful to grasp, re‐frame and create more effective and inclusive food policies—ones that embody and valorise flavour, identities and territories beyond statements on paper.Summary

In line with the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO) international action plan for crop genetic resources, the Mexican state inaugurated the National System of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (SINAREFI) in 2002. In this paper, I explore SINAREFI's interest in landraces and in situ conservation through the case of chile pepper, set under the Ministry of Agriculture's interests of promoting industrial agriculture and paternalistic food security welfare programmes.
Through the analyses of existing literature on food security in Mexico state programmes, archival work and interviews, this article analyses how discourses on food security shape research trajectories, some of which are inevitably constrained by current market‐based agricultural systems.
By exploring the state's chile research and conservation programme, this work demonstrates the complexity of international food security discourse and its application domestically. Particularly, this analysis highlights the limitations of state crop research and conservation efforts imposed by contradictory agricultural policies. In the case of chile, its link to Mexican culture and diet uncovers an important, but often overlooked, aspect of food security: flavour.
In the case of chile, a non‐staple but culturally symbolic crop, welfare programmes remained paternalistic and focused on caloric intake despite the transformation of national discourse on food security towards the integration of landraces and local cultures through the inauguration of SINAREFI. This case study reflects on the limits of current framings and strategies regarding food security and the need to direct policies towards local food sovereignty to achieve the necessary stability for food security to endure.
Plant nutritional value of aquaculture water produced by feeding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) alternative protein diets: A lettuce and basil case study
Authors: Jones Jeffrey J. , Shaw Christopher , Chen Tsu‐Wei , Staß Christopher Martin , Ulrichs Christian , Riewe David , Kloas Werner , Geilfus Christoph‐Martin 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact StatementRefining circular multitrophic food production methods, which integrate plant, fish, and insect outputs, is imperative for environmental sustainability. Our findings suggest that the right protein choices in fish feed, like black soldier fly meal and poultry meal, can notably enhance the nutrient profile of fish waste water. This, in turn, is conducive for hydroponic cultivation, enhancing the nutritional attributes of plants like basil and lettuce. As we reduce environmental impact and optimize resource use, it is evident that our food ecosystems are deeply intertwined. Harnessing these synergies could redefine our approach to food production, paving the way for a more sustainable global future.Summary

Optimization of nutrient use efficiencies in circular multitrophic food production systems (i.e., plant, fish, and insect production) is crucial for sustainability. This study tested how protein ingredient choice in fish feed influences the plant nutritional value of the fish waste water when used for hydroponic crop production.
Waste water samples were obtained from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in which Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed different single protein source diets—black soldier fly meal (BSFM), poultry by‐product meal (PM), poultry blood meal (PBM), and fish meal. Water was analyzed for plant nutrients and used for lettuce and basil cultivation to evaluate their suitability for hydroponic crop production—viz. yield, mineral nutrient, and selected secondary metabolite levels.
BSFM RAS water had the highest concentrations of K, Mg, and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn) of the RAS waters, whereas PM RAS water contained the highest P concentration and had a mean pH of 6.5 closer to the optimum pH for hydroponic plants. These RAS waters consequently lead to the highest yields in basil and lettuce indicating the importance of the aforementioned factors.
From a plant production perspective, BSFM appears promising as a protein source in fish feeds for aquaponics. Usage of RAS waters for plant production helps reduce (i) environmental impact of RAS water and (ii) resource input in plant production. Longer term RAS trials should be conducted to determine the maximum nutrient concentrations achievable during fish production with diets including BSFM as the main protein source.