bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE GEOGRAPHY OF FAMILY CAREGIVING IN AN AGING SOCIETY: WHO MOVES CLOSER AND WHY
Authors: Mudrazija Stipica , Peters Elizabeth , Lepe Fernando Hernandez 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An emerging literature examines the dynamic aspect of the link between parental health and parents-adult children geographic distance, yet who moves when a parent needs care—the parent or the child—and why remains unexplored. Using pooled 2004-2014 data from the Health and Retirement Study on respondents age 65 years or older and their adult children and detailed geographic information, we analyze who moves when parents and children move in together or move closer without coresiding, and who benefits from such moves. Preliminary results reveal that children are roughly four times more likely to move in with parents than parents move in with children, and moving primarily benefits those who move: 89.2 percent of parents who moved reported that either they were the sole beneficiary of the move or that both they and their children benefited, and the same was true of 92.8 percent of children movers. However, as parents’ health declines, they increasingly benefit from the proximity-enhancing moves regardless of who moves. For example, about half of all children who move in with parents following the onset of parents’ health decline reports doing was to benefit their parents, either exclusively of in conjunction with them. Next, we will fit regression models of who moves for newly coresident dyads and dyads moving closer, respectively, as well as models of who benefited from such moves. This research provides new policy-relevant insights because the caregiver supports needed could be different depending on whether it was the parent or the child that moved.
DECLINES IN CONTROL BELIEFS OVER TIME: THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION AND INEQUALITY
Authors: Agrigoroaei Stefan , Berceanu Denisa Cristina-Alina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Higher control beliefs represent a key protective factor for healthy aging, broadly defined. If the benefits of control beliefs are well documented, fewer studies have focused on the antecedents of changes in control. There is empirical evidence that social stress, such as being treated unfairly or discriminated against, may erode personal control. The goal of this study was to examine perceived discrimination and inequality in relation to long-term change in control beliefs, in a national sample, using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) longitudinal study (Waves II and III, N = 2540, MIDUS II age range: 30-84, Mean=55.53, SD=11.21). Perceived discrimination was quantified as the sum of 9 items capturing experiences of daily discrimination. Perceived inequality was measured in three settings: work, family (relationship with children), and home. Both mastery and perceived constraints were used as indicators of control beliefs. The results revealed a significant decline in control between the two waves. Controlling for age, gender, education, self-rated physical health, and baseline control beliefs, higher daily discrimination and perceived inequality were significantly associated with lower control beliefs, 8 to 10 years later. There were not significant interactions with age and the patterns of results persisted when other relevant factors, such as cognitive performance and physical activity, were considered. The findings suggest that interventional programs should target (sources of) perceived discrimination and inequality and that changes in control beliefs could be considered a potential mechanism of the association between social stress and trajectories of healthy aging.
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATION OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS WITH LATE-LIFE WEALTH CHANGES AMONG OLDER AMERICANS
Authors: Esiaka Darlingtina , Westrick Ashly , Rooks Ronica , Meier Helen , Manning Mark , Tarraf Wassim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Disparities in wealth in the US are linked to disadvantageous health outcomes over the lifecourse. Cognitive impairment can widen wealth disparities. We examine how cognitive impairment influences change in wealth starting in mid-life and into older adulthood and the role of social determinants of health in wealth loss due to cognitive impairment. We use biennial longitudinal data (Health and Retirement Study: 2000-2018) on Non-Hispanic White (NH-W), NH-Black (NH-B), and Hispanic (H) middle-aged adults (51-64 years and cognitively healthy in 2000; unweighted n=3,651) to model wealth change (measured as the relative (%) difference in reported wealth between 2000-2018 [in 2018 dollars]) as a function of cognitive status (using three latent phenotypes derived from longitudinal latent class analyses: cognitively healthy [CH; 77%], increasing cognitive impairment [ICI; 19%], and increasing dementia [ID; 4%]). We fit racial/ethnic stratified regression models to examine relationships between cognitive phenotypes and wealth change, adjusting for covariates. Using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition techniques, we examined the contributions of predisposing (e.g. race/ethnicity), health enabling (e.g. insurance source), and health needs (i.e. chronic conditions) factors in wealth change by cognitive phenotypes. Results show NH-Ws had higher levels of reported wealth in both 2000 and 2018, compared to NH-Bs and Hs. However, the relative rate of change in wealth was not-significantly different across race/ethnic groups. Education, insurance, and health explained most differences in wealth change related to cognitive impairment. Yet, nearly 50% of group differences in wealth changes remained unexplained. Future work should further elucidate sources of these unexplained differences, overall and by race/ethnicity.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN OBJECTIVE HEARING AND SUBJECTIVE HEARING RATINGS
Authors: Lewis Charity , Elayoubi Joanne , Arnold Michelle , Jang Yuri , Sanchez Victora , Toman Julia , Haley William 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Hearing loss and hearing health are underrecognized public health urgencies affecting over 70% of adults aged 70 and older. Untreated hearing loss has its association with higher prevalence of adverse physical and cognitive health outcomes. Current literature reveals racial disparities in hearing aid utilization. Based on the Health Belief Model suggesting that subjective beliefs are predictive of health behaviors, the present investigation focused on the correspondence between objective and subjective ratings of hearing in older Blacks and Whites. We identified groups that are concordant and discordant (overestimation and underestimation) in their ratings and explored determinants of the group membership.

Methods
We included participants over age 50 from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 2,495). Subjective and Objective hearing loss relation to race and age was determined via Chi-square analysis. Hierarchical linear regression models were completed to identify odds ratios for overestimation and underestimation of hearing.

Results
Whites aged 50-64 and 65-75 were significantly more concordant in their ratings than Blacks. Blacks aged 65-75 had significantly higher rates of overestimation of hearing. In a fully adjusted model for overestimation of hearing, Blacks had significantly greater odds of overestimation of hearing than Whites (OR = 1.47), and overestimation was significantly greater with higher age (OR = 1.03) and with tobacco use (OR = 1.29).

Conclusion
While mechanisms explaining lower hearing aid utilization in Black older adults need further study, perceived severity (consistent with the Health Belief Model) may be one component of reduced hearing aid use in Black older adults.
SLEEP PROBLEMS MEDIATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY AND LATE-LIFE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING
Authors: Ahn SangNam , Xian Hong , Scherrer Jeffrey , Mahmood Asos , Ahn Eunhye , Kim Seonghoon , Beck McKenzie , Slavich George 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The negative health impacts of childhood adversity have been well documented. However, little is known about the pathways linking childhood adversity with cognitive functioning later in life. We addressed this issue by examining the extent to which lifetime sleep problems mediated the effects of childhood adversity on late-life cognitive functioning. We used the 2002-2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study in which participants were 20,607 adults (58.1% female), aged ≥50 years (Mage=68.9±9.5 years). Cognitive functioning was based on: 1) a 10-word immediate and delayed recall test of memory; 2) a serial 7s subtraction test of working memory; and 3) counting backwards to assess attention and processing speed. Sleep problems (e.g., difficulty initiating sleep) were assessed with the Jenkins Sleep Scale, and seven items of childhood adversity (e.g., physical abuse) were included from the list of lifetime potentially traumatic events. Path analysis revealed that there was a small but significant indirect relationship between childhood adversity and poor cognitive functioning through sleep problems (coefficient = -.014; p=.001). Indeed, about 3% of the effect of childhood adversity on cognitive functioning is mediated by sleep problems (i.e., 0.014 [indirect effect] / 0.476 [total effect]). Our findings can help policymakers and public health practitioners better understand the risk and protective factors of cognitive functioning later in life in relation to sleep problems among those individuals with childhood adverse events. Further research is warranted to determine if childhood adversity contributes to cognitive decline in those with trauma and PTSD compared to those with trauma alone.
CARE TRAJECTORIES AND WELLBEING OUTCOMES OF OLDER CARERS
Authors: Keating Norah , Fast Janet , Kim Choong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The UN Decade of Healthy Ageing states that family carers should not be held responsible for care. Yet families continue to provide the majority of care to members with long term health problems and disabilities. Their contributions to the economy remain unrecognized; their costs noted but relegated to private family matters. The purpose of this presentation is to determine wellbeing outcomes of older Canadians with diverse life course trajectories of care. Data are from the 2018 Statistics Canada nationally representative survey on caregiving. Sample for this study is ≈3000 people 65+ with one or more care episodes across their life course. Based on earlier conceptual and empirical work, we recreated 5 care trajectories. Wellbeing was measured based on material, relational and subjective domains. We conducted multivariate analyses (OLS, logistic and ordered logistic regressions) appropriate to the nature of the dependent variable) to assess whether care trajectory type predicted later life wellbeing. Results show significant differences in wellbeing among trajectory types. Serial carers had longest years of care and most care episodes. They experienced the most negative wellbeing outcomes compared to carers with other trajectory types in material wellbeing (poorer physical and mental health, lower employment income), and subjective wellbeing (higher stress). There were no significant differences across care trajectory types in relational wellbeing (loneliness). We discuss the place of public policy in addressing patterns of cumulative disadvantage in life courses of family care; and call for the development of indicators of wellbeing domains that best reflect these outcomes.
CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND STYLES OF PREPARATION FOR FUTURE CARE BY OLDER GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS
Authors: Peterson Tina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic heightened attention to contingency planning in every area of life including family caregiving. Extended time in the caregiver role can increase problem-solving abilities; yet low rates of traditional contingency planning exist among custodial grandparents. This research applied Steele and colleagues’ four styles of preparation for future care (2003)—avoider, thinker, planner, or consenter—to older custodial grandparents raising adolescent grandchildren. Nineteen grandparents participated in face-to-face interviews. Criteria were: primary caregiver for a grandchild 12 or older; grandchild in home at least 3 days weekly; and grandparent 40 or older. Recruitment included word of mouth, newspapers, and flyers. Participants were asked “What is your thinking about caregiving arrangements for your grandchild in case you are no longer able to provide care? What actual steps, if any, have you taken to begin these caregiving arrangements?” Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using conventional content analysis. The racial and ethnic composition of the grandparents were white (n=10), Black/African American (n=7), Native American (n=1), and Filipino (n=1). Most respondents were married (58%), white (53%), grandmothers (84%), with some college education or higher (79%), and an average age of 66 years. Grandparents identified as thinkers (42%), planners (32%), consenters (21%), and avoiders (5%). Two married grandfathers reported conflicting preparation styles (thinkers) in comparison to their spouses (planners). Grandparents often relied on oral opposed to formal written plans. Findings suggest research, practice, and education is needed to assess factors inhibiting aspects of contingency planning for future care among thinkers and avoiders, particularly older grandfathers.
EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR CAREGIVERS OF OLDER ADULTS: A RAPID UMBRELLA REVIEW
Authors: McHugh Molly , Munsterman Ellen , Cho HanNah , Naylor Mary 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The negative health impacts confronting over 35 million informal caregivers of older adults in the U.S. are well documented. Although targeted interventions aimed at informal caregivers have demonstrated efficacy in mitigating poor caregiver outcomes, gaps in the literature regarding cost, scalability, and the impact of policy remain. Such knowledge is essential, given the projected growth in the need for caregiving associated with a rapidly aging population coupled with the shrinking of the caregiving workforce. This rapid umbrella review aims to synthesize findings from systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials of interventions that targeted caregivers and specified caregiver outcomes. The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework guided this review to identify gaps in existing intervention research. Databases from diverse disciplinary perspectives, including PubMed, Scopus, APA PsycINFO, ABIM, ATLA, Sociological Abstracts, PAIS, and EconLit, were searched from 2018 to 2023. A total of 52 systematic reviews that met inclusion criteria and were published in English were included in the final review. Reviews described interventions targeting caregivers of older adults with the following conditions: dementia (30), stroke (4), cancer (4), heart disease (1), renal disease (1), mental illness (1), and mixed-diagnoses (11). Major findings reveal varied effects on caregiver burden, quality of life, and mental health, and the growing integration of telehealth interventions. Studies were commonly limited by heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes and small effect sizes. Future intervention development should consider targeting the specific needs of diverse caregivers and scaling effective interventions to broader caregiver populations.
LIFESTYLE TRAJECTORIES PREDICT LATER COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER PEOPLE IN TAIWAN
Authors: Hsu Hui-chuan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the group-based trajectories of lifestyles and to predict the later cognitive function among older people in Taiwan.

Methods
The data were from five waves of the “Taiwan Survey on Aging “ (1999-2015). Only those who completed the last wave of cognitive function were used for analysis (n=1314). The cognitive function was measured by 8 items of SPMSQ, reverse numbers and recall 10 words, with score ranged 0-19. Nineteen lifestyle behaviors (healthy behaviors, leisure activities, lifelong learning and social participation) across waves were analysed by group-based trajectory analysis first, and then the effects of lifestyle trajectories on cognitive function were analysed by linear regression.

Results
Each lifestyle variable was identified as 2 to 6 trajectory groups. Significant lifestyle trajectories on later cognitive function included gardening (high), drinking (increasing), providing instrumental support (increasing), playing chess (high), reading (middle & high), outdoor activities (high), group activities (yes), political participation (no), volunteering (yes), and stress (high vs. lowest). After controlling for covariates, cognitive function was related to gardening (high) (B=0.642), playing chess (high) (B=0.855), reading (high) (B=1.699), group activities (B=0.640), and lower stress (high stress B=−0.806). Other significant variables for better cognitive function included younger age, living with less family members, having less physical function difficulties, having lower depressive symptoms, and being more religious.

Conclusion
Long-term lifestyle trajectories may affect later cognitive function. Having more social participation, more cognitive-related leisure, having less stress and being physically healthier are protective for cognitive function.
MEDIATING ROLE OF REST–ACTIVITY RHYTHM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOM AND COGNITION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Zhang Meina , Moon Chooza , Hoth Karin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments are common problems in older adults. Rest-Activity Rhythm (RAR) encompasses sleep, physical activity, and rest in 24 hours. Often, individuals with depressive symptoms present altered RAR. The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of RAR on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognition in older adults using path analysis. Sixty community-dwelling older adults wore the actigraphy for two weeks (mean age ± SD=70 ±7.3, female n =32(53%)). We assessed RAR using nonparametric RAR metrics, such as interdaily stability (IS) (the similarity of one 24-hour cycle to the next), intradaily variability (IV) (the fragmentation of RAR within 24-hour periods), and relative amplitude (RA) (physical activity difference between the least active 5 hours and the most active 10 hours period). Participants completed 90 minutes’ neuropsychological assessments (11 tests) across five domains to assess cognition and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale to assess depressive symptoms. After adjusting for age, gender, and years of education, greater depressive symptoms were directly associated with reduced cognition (β= -0.406, P= 0.0001) as well as reduced IS (β= -26.9, P= 0.022). We also found direct positive relationships between IS (β=6.68, P=0.013), IV (β= 3.36, P=0.017), RA (β=3.42, P=0.015) and visuospatial memory, as well as IS (β=1.98, P=0.005), IV (β=3.77, P=0.004) and psychomotor speed. The indirect effect of depressive symptoms on cognition through RAR was not significant . Further research should be undertaken using a large, diverse sample, and prospective design.
MEDITERRANEAN DIET ADHERENCE PROSPECTIVELY PREDICTS NINE-YEAR CHANGES IN EPISODIC MEMORY
Authors: Parker Kelly , McGrath Ryan , Rhee Yeong , Hamm Jeremy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence has been shown to foster cognitive function during aging. Methods for measuring adherence to the MD typically provide or withhold points for foods consumed. Few investigations have examined how adherence to a Western adaptation of the MD may influence cognitive function over time in the United States. A modified MD that includes dairy products, whole grains, and plant-based proteins with limited consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may be more attainable for many Americans than the traditional MD. This secondary analysis examined whether adherence to a modified MD was predictive of episodic memory and executive function over a 9-year study period. The second wave of the Midlife in the United States Study assessed general diet qualities with a food frequency questionnaire, and cognitive function was measured at both waves 2 and 3 (N = 816; age: 46 +/- 12 years; 56% female). Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether MD adherence predicted 9-year regressed change in cognitive function while controlling for age, sex, race, socioeconomic status (SES), and biomarkers of glucose homeostasis (hemoglobin a1c, insulin, and blood glucose). MD predicted changes in episodic memory (β = 0.075, p = 0.013) but not executive functioning (β = -0.028, p = 0.210). Exploratory moderator analyses suggested that MD associations with episodic memory were observed for only younger and middle-aged adults, females, White individuals, and persons with lower SES. Increased MD adherence may serve as a modifiable factor that supports cognitive function and preserved episodic memory during aging.
PERCEIVED SOCIO-EMOTIONAL BENEFITS TO GAMEPLAY FOR MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT–CARE PARTNER DYADS
Authors: Mumma Kara , Griffiths Patricia , Harris Frances , Gandy Maribeth , Kerssens Chantal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) can increase social isolation by making it difficult to engage in once enjoyable activities with others, which in turn, can exacerbate cognitive decline. Games offer stimulating cognitive and social activity, but many are not designed for individuals with MCI. A structured interview was conducted to aid in the co-design of an adaptive game for individuals with MCI and their care partners. Preliminary results on the specific barriers and facilitators affecting game play to inform design and improve accessibility were previously reported (Kerssens et al., 2020). Here we report on the perceived socio-emotional benefits identified by seven dyads who were interviewed regarding game play experience and perceptions. The dyads comprised of an individual with a clinical diagnosis of MCI (85.7% male; age range 62-85 years) and a care partner (85.7% female; age range 41-76 years). The interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically, independently coded, and reviewed until consensus was reached. The dyads iterated many “social,” “emotional,” and “impacts” of gameplay, prompting an examination of subjective elements of game play. For example, they enjoy the simplicity and familiarity of playing games – either as a playful diversion from their everyday routine or as part of a routine. Quantitative results are reported across dyads and themes. Descriptive quotes and individual qualia are presented to illustrate specific examples of benefits and detriments to gameplay. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of game play for fostering meaningful, potentially therapeutic social activities for individuals with MCI and their care partners.