bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of early life adversity on male and female rhesus macaque lifespan
Authors: Gonzalez Stephanie J. , Sherer Anthony J. , Hernández‐Pacheco Raisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarly life adversity predicts shorter adult lifespan in several animal taxa. Yet, work on long‐lived primate populations suggests the evolution of mechanisms that contribute to resiliency and long lives despite early life insults. Here, we tested associations between individual and cumulative early life adversity and lifespan on rhesus macaques at the Cayo Santiago Biological Field Station using 50 years of demographic data. We performed sex‐specific survival analyses at different life stages to contrast short‐term effects of adversity (i.e., infant survival) with long‐term effects (i.e., adult survival). Female infants showed vulnerability to multiple adversities at birth, but affected females who survived to adulthood experienced a reduced risk later in life. In contrast, male infants showed vulnerability to a lower number of adversities at birth, but those who survived to adulthood were negatively affected by both early life individual and cumulative adversity. Our study shows profound immediate effects of insults on female infant cohorts and suggests that affected female adults are more robust. In contrast, adult males who experienced harsh conditions early in life showed an increased mortality risk at older ages as expected from hypotheses within the life course perspective. Our analysis suggests sex‐specific selection pressures on life histories and highlights the need for studies addressing the effects of early life adversity across multiple life stages.
A fiddler crab reduces plant growth in its expanded range
Authors: Martínez‐Soto Kayla S. , Johnson David S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpecies across the planet are shifting or expanding their ranges because of climate change. These are climate migrants. Although climate migrants are well documented, their impacts on recipient ecosystems are not. Climate migrants that are also ecosystem engineers (species that modify or create habitats) will likely have profound effects on ecosystems. The Atlantic marsh fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, is a burrowing crab that recently expanded its range into the northeastern United States. In its historical range, M. pugnax enhances the aboveground growth of the cordgrass Spartina alterniflora, a plant critical to marsh persistence. In a control‐impact study, however, we found that Spartina aboveground biomass was 40% lower when M. pugnax was present. Thus, the positive effect of M. pugnax on Spartina aboveground biomass flipped to a negative one in its expanded range. Spartina belowground biomass was also 30% lower on average when crabs were present, a finding consistent with what is seen in the historical range. These impacts on Spartina are likely due to burrowing by M. pugnax. Benthic microalgae was, on average, 45% lower when crabs were present. Fiddler crabs eat benthic microalgae, and these results suggest that fiddler crabs can control algal biomass via grazing. Because fiddler crabs reduced the biomass of foundational primary producers in its expanded range, our results imply that M. pugnax can influence other saltmarsh functions such as carbon storage and accretion as they expand north. Most strikingly, our results suggest that as species expand or shift their range with climate change, not only can they have profound impacts in their new ranges but those impacts can be the inverse of what is seen in their historical ranges.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Annulation of o‐Phenylenediamines and Internal Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Rui , Wu Ling , Chen Si‐Wei , Cui Zhen , Hu Xu‐Hua , Yang Hui‐Ru , Ye Hongfei , Miao Chun‐Bao , Guo Xun‐Xiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed annulation of o‐phenylenediamines and internal alkynes for the synthesis of quinoxalines is developed. This method provides a variety of quinoxalines in good to high yields under a simple and mild reaction conditions with molecular O2 as a terminal oxidant. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that a novel reaction mechanism is involved in the current reaction, which is different from the previous reported dicarbonyl compound mechanism via the oxidation of the alkyne.
The Total Synthesis of Aspidofractinine and Related Alkaloids
Authors: Parammal Athira , Kumar Manoj , Singh Shubham , Xavier Joe Sam , Subramanian Parthasarathi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fascinating structural features and potential biological activities of aspidofractinine monoterpenoid indole alkaloids grasped the attention of synthetic community since 1964. Aspidofractinine also serves as the primary structural component to over 200 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, in which most of these alkaloids’ total synthesis has been unexplored. In light of these facts, studies on synthetic strategies towards the complex, intriguing carbon skeleton of aspidofractinine have high implications. The intensive studies on the total synthesis of aspidofractinine alkaloids have resulted in numerous elegant strategies to construct the highly substituted hexacyclic core structure containing bicyclo[2.2.2]octane motif and three all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. This review discusses all reported strategies for synthesizing aspidofractinine, and aspidofractinine‐like alkaloids.
A real‐time seismic damage prediction framework based on machine learning for earthquake early warning
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yu Dinghao , Li Gang , Dong Zhiqian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor implementing earthquake early warning (EEW), real‐time parameters of ground motion (GM) which can be obtained at the beginning of earthquake wave arrival (i.e., P‐wave arrival) are usually used to estimate the intensity measure (IM) of the following GM for supporting alarm decision. However, prior studies have proved that the estimated IM is hard to relate structural damage effectively, thus affecting the decision‐making behavior and resulting in more economic losses and casualties. Although the real‐time parameters may be adopted to directly predict structural damage, it is difficult to construct the accurate mathematical model between the parameters and structural damage index. To solve the above problems, a machine learning‐based real‐time damage prediction framework that can directly predict the structural maximum inter‐story drift ratio (MIDR) after P‐wave arrival is proposed for use in EEW. Within the framework of the proposed method, the database for training the prediction model come from the accurate nonlinear time‐history analyses of 32 typical building types under the real GM records, where the real‐time characteristic parameters of P‐wave of the records are taken as the inputs. To achieve accurate and efficient prediction, a total of 32 alternative characteristic parameters of P‐wave are selected and a parameter optimization approach is developed to remove the redundant and useless parameters for various type of building structure. Moreover, an interpretable approach is adopted to explain the effects of different input parameters on the prediction results and demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method. Finally, the framework is thoroughly assessed and investigated through two seismic damage cases and an occurred seismic event, which has an accuracy rate above 96.4% on average for risk‐consistent early‐warning trigger classification. These results show that the proposed method have the ability of continuously stable and excellent prediction power when using it for EEW.
Exhaust flow calibration for a large‐scale calorimetry system using tracer gas dilution
Authors: Bryant Rodney A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExhaust flow measurements are a significant source of uncertainty for measurements of heat release rate in large‐scale fire experiments. Irregular flow distributions are often present in the exhaust ducts making it difficult to measure flow accurately. Tracer gas dilution (TGD), a measurement method for volume flow, is not sensitive to flow distribution and has been applied to calibrate flow measurement devices at the exhaust ducts of a large‐scale open calorimetry system. The in‐line calibration reduced the bias in the exhaust flow measurement by as much as 6% improving the overall measurement accuracy of the heat release rate. Experimental results provide evidence that the flow calibration is an improvement over the accepted practice of developing a flow correction from the comparison of oxygen consumption calorimetry with the heat output from a gas burner. The flow calibration is valid for a wide range of flow conditions and decouples the oxygen consumption calorimetry measurement from any error in determining the heat release rate from the gas burner.
Host Genetic Impact on Infectious Diseases among Different Ethnic Groups
Authors: Naidoo Lisa , Arumugam Thilona , Ramsuran Veron 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) are problematic globally, with high prevalence particularly in Africa, attributing to most of the death rates. There have been immense efforts toward developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for these pathogens globally, however, some remain uncured. Disease susceptibility and progression for malaria, TB, HIV, and COVID‐19 vary among individuals and are attributed to precautionary measures, environment, host, and pathogen genetics. While studying individuals with similar attributes, it is suggested that host genetics contributes to most of an individual's susceptibility to disease. Several host genes are identified to associate with these pathogens. Interestingly, many of these genes and polymorphisms are common across diseases. This paper analyzes genes and genetic variations within host genes associated with HIV, TB, malaria, and COVID‐19 among different ethnic groups. The differences in host–pathogen interaction among these groups, particularly of Caucasian and African descent, and which gene polymorphisms are prevalent in an African population that possesses protection or risk to disease are reviewed. The information in this review could potentially help develop personalized treatment that could effectively combat the high disease burden in Africa.
Elective management of the N0 neck in maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Patel Evan J. , Strohl Madeleine P. , Yom Sue S. , El‐Sayed Ivan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo demonstrate adequacy of radiation therapy alone to the neck in patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MS‐SCC) without clinical evidence of regional metastasis.MethodsRetrospective review between 2000 and 2018 from a single high‐volume tertiary academic head and neck cancer center of all patients with MS‐SCC.ResultsA total of 55 patients were treated for MS‐SCC at our center. A clinically uninvolved neck on presentation was found in 46 patients (83.6%) in the initial dataset. Of the 39 patients with radiologic N0 disease who were treated with primary surgical resection, 15.4% (6 patients) did not undergo any treatment of the neck, 2.6% (1 patient) underwent a neck dissection only, 69.2% (27 patients) received RT only, and 12.8% (5 patients) were treated with both a neck dissection followed by RT. Median follow‐up was 26 months (mean 48 months, interquartile range 9–76 months). Five‐year overall survival of all patients with N0 necks treated with upfront surgical resection was 46.5% (95% CI, 32.3%–66.9%). No patients with N0 necks had isolated regional recurrence regardless of neck management.ConclusionsRegional recurrence is rare for patients with radiologic N0 MS‐SCC. Single‐modality elective neck radiation provides excellent regional disease control in these patients.
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for patients with laryngeal cancer with synchronous or metachronous lung cancer
Authors: Su Hongyan , Li Hongwei , Hou Shuling , Song Xin , Zhang Xiaqin , Wang Weili , Li Zhengran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the independent prognostic factors of laryngeal cancer with synchronous or metachronous lung cancer (LCSMLC), and to generate and verify a clinical prediction model.MethodsIn this study, laryngeal cancer alone and LCSMLC were defined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Risk factors of patients with LCSMLC were analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Independent prognostic factors were selected by Cox regression analyses, on the basis of which a nomogram was constructed using R code. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were applied to test the application of a risk stratification system. Finally, we conducted a comparison of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system of laryngeal cancer with the new model of nomogram and risk stratification. For further validation of the nomogram, data from patients at two Chinese independent institutions were also analyzed.ResultsAccording to the eligibility criteria, 32 429 patients with laryngeal cancer alone and 641 patients with LCSMLC from the SEER database (the training cohort) and additional 61 patients from two Chinese independent institutions (the external validation cohort) were included for final analyses. Compared with patients with laryngeal cancer who did not have synchronous or metachronous lung cancer, age, sex, race, primary site of laryngeal cancer, grade, and stage were risk factors for LCSMLC, while marriage, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are not their risk factors. Age, two cancers' interval, pathological type, stage, surgery, radiation, primary lung site, and primary throat site were independent prognostic predictors of LCSMLC. The risk stratification system of high‐, medium‐, and low‐risk groups significantly distinguished the prognosis in different patients with LCSMLC, regardless of the training cohort or the validation cohort. Compared with the 6th AJCC TNM stage of laryngeal cancer, the new model of nomogram and risk stratification showed an improved net benefit.ConclusionsAge, sex, race, primary site of laryngeal cancer, grade, and stage were risk factors for LCSMLC. An individualized clinical prognostic predictive model by nomogram was generated and validated, which showed superior prediction ability for LCSMLC.
Contrasting socioeconomic inequality with noncommunicable diseases: Insights from a population‐based survey using the concentration index in Kong cohort study
Authors: Mouseli Ali , Sharafi Mehdi , Mastaneh Zahra , Shiri Maryam Shiravani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the major causes of mortality across the globe, which impose a substantial burden on health care systems, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The present study aimed to determine socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of NCDs using the concentration index (CI).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on the baseline data of the Bandar Kong cohort. The principal component analysis was used to determine people's socioeconomic status (SES). The CI and Lorenz Curve were used for the assessment of socioeconomic inequality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between SES and the prevalence of NCDs. A p Value less than 0.05 is considered significant.ResultsFrequency and prevalence of diabetes was 653 (16.22%), hypertension 848 (21.06%), chronic lung diseases 161 (4%), epilepsy 70 (1.74%), mental disorders 191 (4.74%), stillbirth 299 (13.94%), thyroid disorders 391 (9.71%) and depression 146 (3.63%). CI for the prevalence of diabetes was [−0.107, %95 CI: −0.146 to −0.068], hypertension [−0.122, %95 CI: −0.155 to −0.088], chronic lung disease [−0.116, %95 CI: −0.202 to −0.03], psychiatric disorders [−0.230, %95 CI: −0.304 to −0.155], depression [−0.132, %95 CI: −0.220 to−0.043] and stillbirth [−0.162, %95 CI: −0.220 to −0.105]. The Gini index was negative for all these diseases, indicating that these are significantly concentrated in people of poor SES.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that selected NCDs were concentrated among the poor and the low‐income. Particular attention may be necessary to address the problem of NCDs among these groups.
Vaginal erbium laser treatment for stress urinary incontinence: A multicenter randomized sham‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: O'Reilly Barry A. , Viereck Volker , Phillips Christian , Toozs‐Hobson Philip , Kuhn Annette , Athanasiou Stavros , Lukanović Adolf , Palmer Brendan , Dahly Darren , Daykan Yair , Cardozo Linda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of non‐ablative vaginal Er:YAG laser device in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) treatment.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter blinded randomized sham‐controlled trial in which women with urodynamic SUI were randomization to active arm using Er:YAG laser therapy, and sham arm using sham handpiece. Patients received two treatments 1 month apart. The primary outcomes measure was 1 h pad weight test measured at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were durability of treatment success at 12 months, and questionnaires for assessment of SUI severity (ICIQ‐UI SF), sexual function (PISQ‐12) and HRQoL (KHQ), and incidence and severity of device related adverse events and pain (VAS).ResultsA total of 110 participants with SUI were recruited; 73 in the active arm and 37 in the sham arm. Two participants were excluded; one was assigned the wrong treatment and one withdrew their consent. Treatment success was observed in 36% of the sham arm and 59% of the active arm; in the latter, odds of achieving treatment success were more than three‐fold higher (OR 3.63, 95% CI: 1.3–11.2, P = 0.02). HRQoL by KHQ showed significant improvement in the active versus the sham arm (OR 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.87, P = 0.003). Similarly, subjective patient assessment of general and sexual function improvement with PISQ‐12 and PGI‐I showed superior effect over sham (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2–7.0, P = 0.02 and OR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.36, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionNon‐ablative vaginal Er:YAG laser therapy significantly improves SUI symptoms versus sham treatment. Er:YAG laser therapy should be considered as a non‐surgical treatment option for SUI patients.
Controlled release of therapeutic antibody using hydrolytically degradable microgels
Authors: Mora‐Boza Ana , Ahmedin Zakir , García Andrés J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies have gained significant interest as potential therapeutics for treating various diseases. However, these therapies are not always effective due to poor treatment compliance associated with multiple administrations and drug resistance. Thus, there is a growing interest in developing advanced monoclonal antibody delivery systems that can customize pharmacokinetics to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This work aimed to engineer hydrolytic 4‐arm PEG maleimide (PEG‐4MAL) microgels for the controlled delivery of therapeutic antibodies, specifically anti‐angiogenic bevacizumab, to overcome the limitations of current monoclonal antibody therapies. Through a PEGylation reaction with a thiol‐terminated PEG linker, the antibody was covalently conjugated to the macromer backbone before microgel synthesis. The PEGylation reaction was simple, effective, and did not affect antibody bioactivity. Antibody release kinetics was tuned by changing the concentration of the hydrolytic linker (0–2 mM) and/or PEG‐4MAL:protein molar ratio (1000:1, 2000:1, and 5000:1) in the macromer precursor solution during microgel fabrication. The bioactivity of the released antibody was assessed on human umbilical endothelial vascular cells (HUVEC), demonstrating that extracts from hydrolytic microgels reduced cell proliferation over time. Collectively, this study demonstrates the development of highly tunable delivery platform based on degradable PEG‐4MAL microgels that can be adapted for therapeutic antibody‐controlled release.
Effects of glass–ceramic produced by the sol–gel route in macrophages recruitment and polarization into bone tissue regeneration
Authors: da Silva Raquel Barroso Parra , Biguetti Claudia Cristina , Munerato Marcelo Salles , Siqueira Renato Luis , Zanotto Edgard Dutra , Kudo Guilherme Halawa Abu , Simionato Gustavo Baroni , Bacelar Ana Carolina Zucon , Ortiz Rafael Carneiro , Ferreira‐Junior Joel Santiago , Rangel‐Junior Idelmo Garcia , Matsumoto Mariza Akemi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEffective bone substitute biomaterials remain an important challenge in patients with large bone defects. Glass ceramics produced by different synthesis routes may result in changes in the material physicochemical properties and consequently affect the success or failure of the bone healing response. To investigate the differences in the orchestration of the inflammatory and healing process in bone grafting and repair using different glass–ceramic routes production. Thirty male Wistar rats underwent surgical unilateral parietal defects filled with silicate glass–ceramic produced by distinct routes: BS – particulate glass–ceramic produced via the fusion/solidification route, and BG – particulate glass–ceramic produced via the sol–gel route. After 7, 14, and 21 days from biomaterial grafting, parietal bones were removed to be analyzed under H&E and Massons' Trichome staining, and immunohistochemistry for CD206, iNOS, and TGF‐β. Our findings demonstrated that the density of lymphocytes and plasma cells was significantly higher in the BS group at 45, and 7 days compared to the BG group, respectively. Furthermore, a significant increase of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) in the BG group at day 7, compared to BS was found, demonstrating early efficient recruitment of FBGCs against sol–gel‐derived glass–ceramic particulate (BS group). According to macrophage profiles, CD206+ macrophages enhanced at the final periods of both groups, being significantly higher at 45 days of BS compared to the BG group. On the other hand, the density of transformation growth factor beta (TGF‐β) positive cells on 21 days were the highest in BG, and the lowest in the BS group, demonstrating a differential synergy among groups. Noteworthy, TGF‐β+ cells were significantly higher at 21 days of BG compared to the BS group. Glass–ceramic biomaterials can act differently in the biological process of bone remodeling due to their route production, being the sol–gel route more efficient to activate M2 macrophages and specific FBGCs compared to the traditional route. Altogether, these features lead to a better understanding of the effectiveness of inflammatory response for biomaterial degradation and provide new insights for further preclinical and clinical studies involved in bone healing.