bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missed Opportunities to Diagnose Common Variable Immunodeficiency: a Population-Based Case–Control Study Identifying Indicator Diseases for Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Dahl Christina , Petersen Inge , Ilkjær Frederik V. , Westh Lena , Katzenstein Terese L. , Hansen Ann-Brit E. , Nielsen Thyge L. , Larsen Carsten S. , Johansen Isik S. , Rasmussen Line D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis.

Methods
In this nested case–control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999–2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID.

Results
During the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2–63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0–82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1–3, and ≥ 3–5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis.

Conclusion
Targeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality.
Gambling Motives and Offshore Gambling: A Finnish Population Study
Authors: Hagfors Heli , Oksanen Atte , Salonen Anne H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe rise of online gambling has drawn attention towards offshore gambling. Currently there is lack of evidence on reasons and motivations to gamble on offshore gambling sites. This study investigated the general gambling motives of onshore and offshore gamblers, and the reasons to gamble on offshore gambling sites. The study used binary logistic regression model to analyze the data from Finnish Gambling 2019 population survey including adult past-year online gamblers (n = 1,422). The validated measure for problem gambling severity (PGSI, Problem Gambling Severity Index) was used. Furthermore, data-driven qualitative analysis was used to form categories for the reasons to gamble on offshore gambling sites. Offshore gambling was more common among men and younger age groups than among women or older age groups. Offshore gamblers gambled less often for money or worthy causes than onshore gamblers. Furthermore, offshore gamblers had more different types of motives to gamble, they gambled more frequently and had higher problem gambling severity scores (PGSI) than onshore gamblers. Finally, the most common reasons to gamble offshore were: (1) larger game supply and game features, (2) benefits, bonuses, and the usability of the website, and (3) inner motivation. Offshore gambling is characterized with intensity and diversity of gambling behavior and motives, and it poses a risk especially for young men.
Postpartum Hepatitis C Linkage to Care Program in a Co-located Substance Use Disorders Treatment Model
Authors: Cheedalla Aneesha , Hinely Katherine , Roby Lauren , Hall O. Trent , Malvestutto Carlos , Rood Kara M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increasingly prevalent in pregnancy and among people with substance use disorders (SUD). Highly effective treatments are now available for chronic HCV. Qualifying for HCV treatment often requires preauthorization and several clinical criteria, including laboratory assessment of liver function and other infectious diseases and liver imaging to assess for fibrosis. Linkage to care (LTC) models have been shown to assist with obtaining the necessary clinical information (laboratory assessment/liver imaging) and improving HCV treatment rates in non-pregnant individuals.

Description
Beginning in December 2020, a specialized LTC team identified patients with HCV viremia who were interested in postpartum treatment. The LTC team assisted patients with completing the necessary clinical criteria (laboratory assessment and liver imaging) for HCV treatment. Patients were then linked to infectious disease specialists who prescribed treatment to patients via telemedicine. Most patients identified with HCV were enrolled in our institution’s co-located obstetric and SUD program, which provides continued care until 1 year postpartum.

Assessment
In 2019, an internal review identified that none of the 26 pregnant patients with HCV viremia in our co-located obstetric and SUD program were prescribed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment within 12 months postpartum. Between December 2020 and July 2022, our HCV LTC team identified 34 patients with HCV who were eligible for treatment. Of these patients, 55% (19/34) obtained all necessary laboratory and liver imaging requirements and 79% (15/19) were prescribed DAA treatment after a telehealth visit with an infectious disease specialist. All fifteen patients who were prescribed treatment participated in the co-located obstetric and SUD program. The largest barrier to obtaining treatment was completing the necessary laboratory and liver imaging requirements for prescribing DAA. Only one patient who did not receive care in our co-located obstetric and SUD program had completed the necessary laboratory and liver imaging requirements to proceed with treatment but did not follow up with the infectious disease specialist for DAA treatment.

Conclusion
Our HCV LTC program was successful in treating postpartum patients for HCV if they participated in the co-located obstetric and SUD program at our institution. Creating a partnership with an infectious disease specialist and utilizing telemedicine were beneficial strategies to connect patients to treatment for HCV during the postpartum period.
Snake species classification using deep learning techniques
Authors: Ahmed Kareem , Gad Mai A. , Aboutabl Amal Elsayed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncorrect snake identification from the observable visual traits is a major reason of death resulting from snake bites. The classification of snake species has a significant role in determining the appropriate treatment without any delay, the delay may cause dangerous complications or lead to the death of the victim. The difficulty of classifying snakes by human lies in the variations of snake pattern based on geographic variation and age, the intraclass variance is high for specific classes and the interclass variance is low among others, and there may be two remarkably similar types in shape, with one being toxic and the other not. The limitation of the experts’ number in the herpetology and their geographical distribution leads us to the importance of using deep learning in the snake species classification. A model to classify snake species accately is proposed in this study. It is divided into two main processes, detecting the salient object by applying Salient Object Detection (SOD) model based on VGG16 architecture is the first process, the presence of snakes in places with a complex background led to the necessity of separating the salient object, then the classification model is applied with use of image augmentations parameters which improved the results. Four CNN models were used in the classification process including VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNetV2, and DenseNet121. Different experiments on 5,10,16,20, 22, and 45 number of classes and different models were conducted, and the model achieved unprecedented results. The results indicated that the VGG16, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2 have achieved superior results in the same order from highest to lowest accuracy. The best accuracy is achieved using VGG16 architecture with accuracy 97.09% when using 45 number of classes.
The Role of Richard Hakluyt’s The Principall Nauigations (1589) in the Introduction and Dissemination of Spanish Loanwords in the English Language
Authors: von der Fecht-Fernández Sara , Rodríguez-Álvarez Alicia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRichard Hakluyt’s Principall Nauigations (1589) was a landmark in the history of English travel literature which compiled and glorified the naval deeds and expeditions undertaken by the English throughout the world. This article focuses on the third volume of Hakluyt’s compilation devoted to America which gathers first-hand accounts describing the way of life and the natural environment of the new territories conquered and populated by the Spaniards. The incorporation in these texts of almost 100 borrowings from Spanish to designate elements related to sea voyages and experiences in the Spanish colonies has raised the following research questions: What kind of terms were most likely to be introduced? And, given that these Spanish terms were unfamiliar to English readers, did the authors resort to any kind of strategy to explain the meaning of the new words? This article will address these questions by setting the following objectives. (i) to compile an inventory of the Spanish terms that have been incorporated into the English texts; (ii) to classify these terms according to the lexical fields they refer to; (iii) to analyse how the meaning of these new words is explained to English readers.
Border-independent multi-functional, multi-hazard exposure modelling in Alpine regions
Authors: Pittore M. , Campalani P. , Renner K. , Plörer M. , Tagliavini F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtreme hydrometeorological events such as the 2018 Vaia storm increasingly threaten alpine regions with multiple hazards often compounded and with cascading effects. Currently available risk assessment and prevention tools may therefore prove inadequate, particularly for transborder and vulnerable mountain areas, calling for comprehensive multi-hazard and transdisciplinary approaches. In particular, the exposed assets should not anymore be considered a sheer collection of static items, but the models should also reflect functional features. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to multi-hazard exposure modelling including both static and functional components. The model is based on a homogeneous planar tessellation composed of hexagonal cells and a graph-like structure which describes the functional connections among the cells. To exemplify the methodology, a combination of static (buildings, protective forests), dynamic (population) and functional (road-based transport system) components has been considered together, targeting a ca. 10,000 km2region across Italy and Austria. A cell-based aggregation at 250 m resolution and an innovative graph-based simplification allow for a good trade-off between the complexity of the model and its computational efficiency for risk-related applications. Furthermore, aggregation ensures protection of sensitive data at a scale still useful for civil protection. The resulting model can be used for different applications including scenario-based risk analysis and numeric simulation, probabilistic risk assessment, impact forecasting and early warning.
Prediction and suppression of chaos following flutter in wind turbines
Authors: Meehan Paul A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChaotic motion in a fluttering wind turbine blade is investigated by the development of an efficient analytical predictive model that is then used to suppress the phenomenon. Flutter is a dynamic instability of an elastic structure in a fluid, such as an airfoil section of a wind turbine blade. It is presently modelled using generalised two degree of freedom coupled modes of a blade airfoil section (pitch and plunge) combined with local unsteady aerodynamics, based on flutter derivatives and a continuous bilinear lift curve under damping. The mode coupling causes instability and limit cycle flutter due to a Hopf bifurcation. Following the critical flutter speed, the response can transition to chaos through successive other bifurcations like period doubling. New closed-form conservative analytical conditions for chaos following blade flutter are identified and discussed for the wind turbine section taking into account the blade geometry and optimal design of the wind turbine. These predictions are numerically verified for a range of conditions including stall slope and damping. The results confirm that chaos following blade flutter can occur due to nonlinearities in the aerodynamics, i.e. due to a bilinear lift law. This phenomenon is then suppressed to unrealistically high wind speeds and/or eliminated by quantified variation of system parameters using the predictive model. The results show that small changes in tip speed ratio (−15%), and stall slope factor (−17%) can eliminate or suppress chaos following flutter, while, in general, larger magnitude changes in dynamic parameters (i.e. mass, inertia > 81%, stiffness > 97%, damping > 100%) are required to achieve the same, by detuning the coupled plunge and pitch natural frequencies or damping out overlapping parametric resonances. These results also highlight that the analytical predictions can remarkably be generalized to any parameter set and provide almost instantaneous calculations representing many thousands of numerical simulations from many bifurcation diagrams (computational acceleration factor of 107 times). General insight is also provided into the occurrence and suppression of airfoil chaos following flutter in aeroelastic structures like wind turbines.
A comparison of methods for the calculation of all the key points of the PV single-diode model including a new algorithm for the maximum power point
Authors: Toledo F. Javier , Galiano Vicente , Herranz Victoria , Blanes Jose M. , Batzelis Efstratios 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper we describe and compare the methods for the calculation of all the key points of the photovoltaic single-diode model. These include the short-circuit point, the open-circuit point, the maximum power point, the mean slope point, the maximum curvature point, and the jerk point. The main contribution of this paper is a new algorithm to obtain the maximum power point which is based on reducing its computation to solve a single-variable equation. Its unique solution leads to an explicit expression of the point by using a recent parametrization of the single-diode model current–voltage curve. In the numerical resolution of the previous equation, we will use as starting point the mean slope point which has been proved to be close to the maximum power point. Previously, we will provide for the first time in the literature an exact and explicit expression of the mean slope point. The new algorithm proposed reaches the accuracy of the best known numerical methods, but it is much faster, almost reaching the execution times of explicit formulas.
Size matters: the use and misuse of statistical significance in discrete choice models in the transportation academic literature
Authors: Parady Giancarlos , Axhausen Kay W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper we review the academic transportation literature published between 2014 and 2018 to evaluate where the field stands regarding the use and misuse of statistical significance in empirical analysis, with a focus on discrete choice models. Our results show that 39% of studies explained model results exclusively based on the sign of the coefficient, 67% of studies did not distinguish statistical significance from economic, policy or scientific significance in their conclusions, and none of the reviewed studies considered the statistical power of the tests. Based on these results we put forth a set of recommendations aimed at shifting the focus away from statistical significance towards proper and comprehensive assessment of effect magnitudes and other policy relevant quantities.
Lift Every Voice: Engaging Black Adolescents in Social Justice Service-Learning to Promote Mental Health and Educational Equity
Authors: Dinizulu Sonya Mathies , Velez Gabriel M. , Morency Mirinda , Jacobson Kristen , Moore Kelsey , Carter Nichole , Frazier Stacy L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study reports on the feasibility and acceptability of a social justice infused service-learning (S-L) program to promote Black adolescent mental health and educational equity. We convened a community advisory board to help adapt and pilot test, via open trial mixed method design, an evidence-based service-learning program for Black middle school adolescents (n = 21) attending summer camp at a faith-based setting. We describe a S-L curriculum, with a focus on the achievement gap, and training for church staff and assess staff and youth reports of feasibility, acceptability, and promise to (a) improve/engage psychological engagement targets, and (b) improve academic motivation, and social-emotional and behavioral outcomes. Mixed method findings revealed high feasibility and acceptability of the S-L intervention as indicated by consistent attendance and enthusiastic engagement by staff and youth, high satisfaction, high completion rates of planned sessions, and emergent qualitative themes from staff interviews and adolescent focus groups highlighting that service-learning (1) facilitated skills (e.g., goal-setting, social-emotional and behavioral regulation, and problem-solving), (2) shaped perspectives and inspired openness, and (3) created a space for all to feel valued and included to address the inequities of education that directly impacted them. There was preliminary evidence for efficacy in that youth report of emotional symptoms, peer problems, and staff report of general internalizing symptoms decreased following the intervention, while youth report of prosocial behaviors increased. Implications suggest that S-L programming demonstrates promise to promote mental health outcomes, raise social awareness, and inspire critical consciousness and lift the voices of Black youth by providing tools for working toward systemic changes to reduce inequities in both education and mental health.
Sedition or Mere Dissent? Linguistic Analysis of a Political Slogan
Authors: Leung Janny H. C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper reports the first case in which a linguist served as an expert witness in Hong Kong, a former British colony that has operated as a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 1997. The dispute was on the meaning of the political slogan “Liberate Hong Kong, Revolution of Our Times”, which was widely adopted during the 2019–2020 protests. The keywords “liberate” and “revolution” are smoking gun evidence for the prosecution in a large cluster of cases that involve sedition law and national security offences. Section I of the paper provides background information about a case the author was involved in, which was concerned with whether the slogan was seditious. Section II describes the analysis conducted, which concludes that the slogan as a whole refers to a need to rectify a problem and to return to the original, a more desirable state of affairs for Hong Kong, without specifying what problem there is and what the desirable state of affairs looks like. Section III highlights some critical issues in the analysis, discussing challenges faced and ethical questions for the expert witness. Section IV is a postscript that briefly describes the outcome of the case.
Turbulent Processes and Mean-Field Dynamo
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Elstner Detlef , Masada Youhei , Pipin Valery 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMean-field dynamo theory has important applications in solar physics and galactic magnetism. We discuss some of the many turbulence effects relevant to the generation of large-scale magnetic fields in the solar convection zone. The mean-field description is then used to illustrate the physics of the$\alpha $αeffect, turbulent pumping, turbulent magnetic diffusivity, and other effects on a modern solar dynamo model. We also discuss how turbulence transport coefficients are derived from local simulations of convection and then used in mean-field models.
Stellar Activity Cycles
Authors: Jeffers Sandra V. , Kiefer René , Metcalfe Travis S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe magnetic field of the Sun is generated by internal dynamo process with a cyclic period of 11 years or a 22 year magnetic cycle. The signatures of the Sun’s magnetic cycle are observed in the different layers of its atmosphere and in its internal layers. In this review, we use the same diagnostics to understand the magnetic cycles of other stars with the same internal structure as the Sun. We review what is currently known about mapping the surface magnetic fields, chromospheric and coronal indicators, cycles in photometry and asteroseismology. We conclude our review with an outlook for the future.
Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in different pig breeds fed raw, sprouted, or roasted (Vigna unguiculata) diets
Authors: Lubisi M. W. , Baloyi J. J. , Fushai F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study examined effects of feeding iso-nutrient (150 g CP, 17.3 MJ ME kg−1) raw (RCP), sprouted (SPC), or roasted (RSCP) cowpea diets to Windsnyer (W), Large White (LW) × Landrace (LR), and the 3-way crossbred (W × LW × LR) growing pigs. Diet dry matter (DM) digestibility was estimated using standard, 3-step (gastric, small intestines, colon) in vitro digestion. Dietary in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance were evaluated using 3 weaned pigs of each genotype. Pigs were housed in individual metabolic cages. The diets were assigned to pigs in a 3 × 3 change-over factorial experiment within three balanced, 3 × 3 Latin squares. Feeding periods consisted of 7 days adaption + 5 days’ measurement of feed intake, and the total faecal and urine excretions. The SPC diet increased step 3 in vitro DM digestibility compared to RSCP (P < 0.05). Metabolic size-scaled feed consumption was higher on the RCP compared to the RSCP diet (P < 0.05). Cowpea processing reduced apparent DM and ash digestibility (P < 0.05). LW × LR pigs exhibited lower digestibility of ash and acid detergent fiber (ADF) compared to 3-way crossbred pigs (P < 0.05). Significant genotype-diet interactions were observed for nitrogen intake (P < 0.0001), digestible nitrogen (P = 0.043), urinary nitrogen output (P < 0.0001), faecal nitrogen output (P < 0.0001), total nitrogen excretion (P < 0.0001), and nitrogen retention (P < 0.001). The biological value of feed protein was higher for W pigs than 3-way crossbred pigs (P < 0.05). Genotype-diet interactions suggested unique digestive and, or metabolic adaptive traits in the utilization of the differently processed cowpeas, which need further investigation.