bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of VGG19, ResNet50, and GoogLeNet Inception Models for BCI
Authors: Kolla Bala Seswitha , Reddy Bonam Rekha , Sahithi Sanumuri Venkata , Madala Lakshmi Priya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a system that allows an individual to communicate with a computer or other external device using brain activity alone. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a common approach for detecting brain activity in BCI systems, as it provides a non-invasive measure of brain activity with high temporal resolution. Deep learning methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been applied to the analysis of EEG data for BCI applications, and have shown promising results in terms of accuracy and reliability. In this literature survey, we reviewed the use of CNNs for the classification of EEG data in real time to identify specific brain commands. Challenges to the development of an effective BCI using EEG and deep learning methods include the variability of EEG signals across individuals and the high dimensionality of the EEG data. Further research is needed to address these challenges and improve the accuracy and reliability of BCI systems using deep learning methods.
Beyond early warning: Towards greater granularity in the use of event-based surveillance for public health emergencies
Authors: McKnight Carl Jason , Aboushady Ahmed T. , Lane Chris R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: The international health emergency caused by the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus demonstrated the expanding usefulness of multi-country disease outbreak information gathered through event-based surveillance (EBS) as an extension beyond the main purposes of early warning, alert, and response (EWAR). In this article, previous events of multi-country outbreaks from 2010-2019 were reviewed for how EBS, within an expanded sphere of Epidemic Intelligence (EI), may help to enhance the understanding of outbreaks for a more timely and nuanced, multiple-point trigger approach to health emergencies.
Methods: The public, open-source database of ProMed reports were reviewed for the date of first notification on major outbreaks of infectious diseases and then compared for subsequent dates of any new, exceptional epidemiological findings (novel host, settings, transmission characteristics) as a determining factor for prolonged, multi-country events later acknowledged on the WHO disease outbreak news (DON) website, or by peer-reviewed journal publication if no related DON information became available.
Results: During the preceding decade, there was an ongoing occurrence of unexpected outbreaks requiring new information about previously unknown pathogens, such as MERS-CoV, and longstanding threats from multiple neglected tropical diseases. During these international outbreaks, key scientific insights about new host species, viral persistence, occurrence of human-to-human spread, and transmission setting, became known over the course of the response.
Conclusion: The timeliness between initial alerts of early outbreak detection and key epidemiological evidence about the emerging threat reached far beyond the first warning for the global community. To improve on the best knowledge available for an immediate response, it is recommended that further gathering and documentation from event-based surveillance is engaged to create a more complete assessment for uncontrollable infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. Enhanced EBS (through modern tools, e.g., Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) are critical for timely detection and response to such events.
Enamel Changes of Bleached Teeth Following Application of an Experimental Combination of Chitosan-Bioactive Glass
Authors: Fallahzadeh Farnoosh , Nouri Fahimeh , Rashvand Ensieh , Heidari Soolmaz , Najafi Farhood , Soltanian Negar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Considering the extensive use of bleaching agents and occurrence of side effects such as enamel demineralization, this study aimed to assess the enamel changes of bleached teeth following experimental application of chitosan-bioactive glass (CH-BG).
Materials and Methods
In this in vitro, CH-BG (containing 66% BG) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thirty sound human premolars were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide, and the mass percentage of calcium and phosphorous ions was quantified before and after bleaching by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The specimens were then divided into three groups: control, MI Paste Plus, and CH-BG. This process was repeated for 14 days, and the specimens were stored in artificial saliva. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.
Results
In all groups, the mass percentage of calcium and phosphorous ions of enamel decreased after bleaching; this reduction was significant for phosphorous and insignificant for calcium. After 14 days of remineralization, the mass percentage of both calcium and phosphorous ions significantly increased in both M and CH-BG groups. The difference between M and CH-BG groups was not significant but both of them had a significant difference with the control group in this regard. The final mass percentage of both calcium and phosphorous in M and CH-BG groups was not significantly different from the values before bleaching.
Conclusion
The synthesized CH-BG compound showed an efficacy comparable to that of MI Paste Plus for enamel remineralization of bleached teeth.
Should I stay or should I go? The influence of environmental conditions on green turtle residence time and outward transit in foraging areas
Authors: Webster Emily G , Duce Stephanie , Hamann Mark , Murray Nicholas , Shimada Takahiro , Limpus Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Foraging animals move through the environment to satisfy their requirements for food, rest, reproduction and risk-avoidance. Understanding how animals respond to changing environmental conditions can help to characterise favourable habitat and determine whether they might be motivated to depart when those habitats become unsuitable. Foraging green turtles are typically residents that scarcely move in response to environmental changes or disturbances. Some individuals though, exhibit high mobility. We developed an analysis of Fastloc GPS tracks of 61 green turtles using cox regression models and generalised linear mixed models to investigate the influence of a suite of environmental characteristics on the length of residence time and probability of turtles transitioning between two behavioural modes, “stay” or “go”. Decisions to move (“go”) were influenced by short-term changes in the local environmental conditions. Individuals were more likely to “stay” when temperature increased during their stay and were more likely to “go” when turbidity decreased, and they entered deeper habitats. This result implies that foraging and resting (“staying”) primarily occurs in benthic, shallow, warm habitats, while travel (“going”) is facilitated in deeper, clear water. We also determined that individuals within the green turtle foraging aggregation respond differently to environmental cues to move and hypothesise that a diversity of strategies within a foraging aggregation could confer its resilience to disturbance events. Our study provides new evidence of the factors influencing movements in green turtles and can aid in predicting how they may respond to future changes and enhance risk mitigation efforts through dynamic and adaptive planning.
Soil biogeography at the habitats of origin of major crops
Authors: Fernández-Alonso María José , de Celis Miguel , Belda Ignacio , Palomino Javier , García Carlos , Gaitán Juan , Wang Juntao , Abdala-Roberts Luis , Alfaro Fernando , Angulo-Pérez Diego , Arthikala Manoj-Kumar , Chalasani Danteswari , Corwin Jason , Duan Gui-Lan , Hernandez-Lopez Antonio , Nanjareddy Kalpana , Nayaka Siddaiah Chandra , Pasari Babak , Patro TSSK , Podile Appa Rao , Quijano‐Medina Teresa , Rivera Daniela S , Sarma PVSRN , Shaaf Salar , Trivedi Pankaj , Yang Qingwen , Yin Yue , Zaady Eli , Zhu Yong-Guan , Singh Brajesh , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , García-Palacios Pablo , Milla Ruben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rewilding of modern agriculture is challenged by our current uncertainties on the microbiome of major crop wild progenitors (CWPs). Here, we conducted the first global standardised field survey to investigate the edaphoclimatic conditions and soil microbiome of 125 wild populations associated with 10 of the most important CWPs at their centres of origin. The wild populations clustered into four ecoregions, ranging from deserts to tropical seasonal forests and savannas, shaped by two edaphoclimatic dimensions that distinguished areas with high soil sand contents and scarce micronutrients from the more fertile ecoregions characterised by variations in aridity, soil pH and carbon storage potential. We identified a common soil core microbiome with differentiated assemblages across ecoregions, driven by varying environmental preferences among soil biodiversity kingdoms, which reflects potential shifts in their functional profiles. The CWPs created unique microhabitats within ecoregions that strongly influenced the soil community assembly, indicating specific co-evolutionary interactions. These insights into the evolutionary origins of domesticated crops hold the potential to advance microbial-assisted breeding and microbiome rewilding of croplands across the globe.
Crystal growth, spectra and laser properties of Tm 3+ and Ho 3+ co-doped GdScO 3 crystal
Authors: HUANG LEI , ZHANG JUNRUI , ZHANG QINGLI , SUN GUIHUA , DOU RENQIN , WANG XIAOFEI , ZHANG DEMING , GAO JINYUN , SUN YU , LIU WENPENG , LUO JIANQIAO 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tm,Ho:GdScO3 single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. Its quality and effective segregation coefficient of crystal were characterized, and spectral properties of crystal (100) plane were studied. The absorption cross-section of Tm,Ho:GdScO3 at 793 nm is 1.61 ×10-20cm2 and emission cross-section at 2020 nm is 1.39×10-20cm2. The laser performance of the crystal by 793 nm LD end-pumped was investigated. The maximum output power of 240 mW was obtained with a slope efficiency of 9.1% in CW mode. In pulse mode, the maximum average output power of 507mW was achieved. The maximum slope efficiency of 13.7% was obtained with 100 Hz and 400µs. The laser wavelength is 2096 nm. The beam quality factors Mx2/My2 were fitted to be 1.81/1.80. These results indicate that Tm,Ho:GdScO3 crystal is a promising candidate medium for near-infrared laser crystal.
Prolonged versus intermittent vancomycin infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miyoshi Yukari , Kawauchi Akira , Kano Ken-ichi , Kubo Kenji , Egi Moritoki , Kondo Yutaka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Vancomycin is often used empirically as a first-line drug for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapy in patients with sepsis. This review aimed to clarify the clinical efficacy and safety of prolonged vancomycin infusion compared to intermittent infusion in adult patients with acute severe infection.
Methods
Potentially eligible trials were identified by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi (ICHUSHI) online databases. We selected randomized controlled trials and observational studies in which the clinical outcomes of adult patients with sepsis or septic shock were compared between prolonged and intermittent vancomycin infusion strategies. Two investigators independently screened the search results and extracted data. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at the maximum follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the attainment of the target plasma concentration, clinical cure, and adverse events, such as nephrotoxicity.
Results
Sixteen studies were identified for the analysis of baseline characteristics. A total of 214 patients from three randomized trials and 1999 patients from 13 observational studies were included. Mortality rates of patients receiving prolonged infusion and patients receiving intermittent infusion were similar (pooled risk ratios, 1.05; 95% confidence intervals, 0.63–1.74; P = 0.85 in randomized controlled trials and pooled risk ratios, 1.07; 95% confidence intervals, 0.74–1.55; P = 0.71 in observational studies). Patients treated with prolonged infusion had a significantly higher attainment of the target plasma concentration compared with patients receiving intermittent infusion (pooled risk ratios, 5.62; 95% confidence intervals, 2.09–15.07; P < 0.001 in randomized controlled trials and pooled risk ratios, 2.27; 95% confidence intervals, 1.393.71; P = 0.001 in observational studies). No significant difference was detected in the other outcomes.
Conclusions
Our findings revealed that, compared with intermittent administration, prolonged infusion of vancomycin may be advantageous for controlling blood vancomycin levels.
An in vitro assessment of the residual dentin after using three minimally invasive caries removal techniques
Authors: Al-Sagheer Rand Mohammed , Al-Taee Lamis Abdul Hameed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive MI caries removal techniques for removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (Woodpecker, Guilin, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser (Biolase™ San Clemente, CA). The assessments include; the excavation time, Diagnodent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p < 0.000), Brix 3000 gel was the slowest. All techniques removed the infected tissues completely as the Diagnodent pen readings were < 20 and laser-ablated surfaces recorded the lowest reading. The bur-excavated dentin showed higher phosphate and lower matrix contents with higher tissue hardness that were comparable to sound dentin indicating the non-selectiveness of this technique in removing the potentially repairable dentin tissue. In contrast, the MI techniques exhibited lower phosphate and higher organic contents associated with lower microhardness in the deeper dentin layers. This was associated with smooth residual dentin without smearing and patent dentinal tubules. This study supports the efficiency of these MI methods to be a conservative alternative to rotary excavation, providing a promising strategy for the clinical dental practice.
Transfer Functions and Event Fields in XR: The PHANTOMATRIX Framework for Quantifying Perception Convergence
Authors: Grasnick Armin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
eXtended Reality (XR), which includes both Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), consists of powerful tools for creating immersive experiences that may trigger emotional responses from users. In this paper, we introduce the PHANTOMATRIX framework - a novel theoretical approach and robust structure to analyze the degree of convergence between the expected reality and its representation. The framework is based on transfer, multimodal fields, and phantom representation that capture complex interactions between various perception modalities within XR settings.
Our primary objective is to present an effective strategy for accurately transferring information about potentially evocative events in XR environments from their origin to the point at which they reach end-users through their devices. By incorporating these elements into a comprehensive process-oriented model for capturing, recording, transforming, and displaying events and phantoms as secondary user-experienced stimuli, our aim is to offer insights helpful towards understanding induced emotions during immersive experiences more thoroughly.
This groundwork lays the foundation necessary for future research focused on predicting physiological reactions linked with specific emotion types evoked inside virtual worlds created using cutting-edge technologies such as those found in XR systems. In future research, we aim to test this theoretical groundwork empirically and extend our exploration towards additional perceptual modalities and personalization of XR experiences.
ANN Powered Smart Tracking Systems
Authors: Nambissan Praveen , Dharmaraj Menaka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Monitoring the energy generated by a solar system based on various weather conditions requires an accurate forecast algorithm and mechanisms. In this research, a brand-new deep learning method implemented Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System (DA-STS) is presented, to increase the hourly energy harvesting provided by a dual-axis solar trackers using real-time movements. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model with recently developed Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique considering randomly occurring and dispersed delaying method is combined in this framework. This approach is used to broaden the search area and improve the training of the ANN system by lowering the danger of becoming stuck in local optima for actuator positions. This model has new two hidden layers, the first of which is a layer of selection depending on the selection of daylight and night time data. To identify the most pertinent inputs for precise predictions, the second method is known as automated inputs relevancy assessment is used. The findings show how the DA-STS method and two innovative hidden layers work well together to greatly increase, forecasting accuracy and mechanical movements of the system, compared to the criteria set by the existing research with respect to the measured value variables.
Single-cell Histone deacetylation factor regulator patterns guide intercellular communication of tumor microenvironment that contribute to colorectal cancer progression and immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Wu Yarui , Geng Xuhua , Yuan Congrui , Yang Guibin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, single-cell RNA-seq data were collected to analyze the characteristics of Histone deacetylation factor (HDF). The tumor microenvironment (TME) cell clusters related to prognosis and immune response were identified by using CRC tissue transcriptome and immunotherapy cohorts from public repository. We explored the expression characteristics of HDF in stromal cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes of the CRC single-cell dataset TME and further identified 4 to 6 cell subclusters using the expression profiles of HDF-associated genes, respectively. The regulatory role of HDF-associated genes on the CRC tumor microenvironment was explored by using single-cell trajectory analysis, and the cellular subtypes identified by biologically characterized genes were compared with those identified by HDF-associated genes. The interaction of HDF-associated gene-mediated microenvironmental cell subtypes and tumor epithelial cells were explored by using intercellular communication analysis, revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism of tumor epithelial cell heterogeneity. Based on the expression of feature genes mediated by HDF-related genes in the microenvironment T-cell subtypes, enrichment scoring was performed on the feature gene expression in the CRC tumor tissue transcriptome dataset. It was found that the feature gene scoring of microenvironment T-cell subtypes (HDF-TME score) has a certain predictive ability for the prognosis and immunotherapy benefits of CRC tumor patients, providing data support for precise immunotherapy in CRC tumors.
A Case of Suprasellar Pi̇locyti̇c Astrocytoma Wi̇th Plasmi̇nogen Acti̇vator Inhi̇bi̇tor-1 4g/4g Genotype: Rare Severe Vasospasm and Cli̇ni̇cal Effects After Endoscopi̇c Transphenoi̇dal Surgery
Authors: Erkan Buruc , Kılıc Yusuf , Demir Suat , Akpinar Ebubekir , Akkurt Tuce Soylemez , Sutcu Zumrut Kocabey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Cerebral vasospasm following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is rare. In this study, we present a case of sellar-suprasellar pilocytic astrocytoma with the rare and serious complication of cerebral vasospasm after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, who had plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 4G/4G genotype.
Case description
A 7-year-old female patient presented with complaints of headache and nausea. Upon detection of a lesion in the sellar-suprasellar region, initial intervention involved tumor excision and placement of an extraventricular drainage catheter through a transcranial anterior interhemispheric approach, followed by endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for tumor excision seven days later. On the fifth day after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, the patient, who exhibited a tendency to somnolence, aphasia, and right hemiplegia, demonstrated significant stenosis at the proximal portions of the internal carotid artery bifurcation, M1, and A1 segments. Successful treatment was achieved through endovascular balloon angioplasty. Hydrocephalus did not develop during follow-up, and no shunt was required. Pathology revealed pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I, 2021). Adjuvant treatment was not administered. At six months postoperatively, aphasia and right hemiplegia showed marked improvement. A thrombophilia panel performed in the postoperative period resulted in plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 4G/4G homozygosity. The patient, who completed one year of follow-up, continues to be monitored with a modified Rankin Scale score of 1.
Conclusion
In cases of unexpected neurological deterioration following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, symptomatic cerebral vasospasm should be considered in the differential diagnosis, and early and aggressive treatment should be administered. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for the optimal management of potential complications. Further case series and studies are needed to establish a strong correlation between PAI-1 4G/4G homozygosity and cerebral vasospasm.
Altered resting state functional connectivity in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy assessed using high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Tang Lingkai , Kebaya Lilian M. N. , Altamimi Talal , Kowalczyk Alexandra , Musabi Melab , Roychaudhuri Sriya , Vahidi Homa , Meyerink Paige , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Bhattacharya Soume , Moraes Leandro Tristao Abi Ramia , Lawrence Keith St. , Duerden Emma G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) results from a lack of oxygen to the brain during the perinatal period. HIE can lead to mortality and various acute and long-term morbidities. Improved bedside monitoring methods are needed to identify biomarkers of brain health. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can assess resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) at the bedside. We acquired resting-state fNIRS data from 21 neonates with HIE (postmenstrual age [PMA] = 39.59) and 20 term-born healthy newborns (PMA = 39.95). Twelve HIE neonates also underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). RSFC was calculated as correlation coefficients amongst the time courses for fNIRS and fMRI data, respectively. We showed that the fNIRS and fMRI RSFC maps were comparable. RSFC patterns were then measured with graph theory metrics and compared between HIE infants and healthy controls. HIE newborns showed significantly increased clustering coefficients, network efficiency and modularity compared to controls. Using a support vector machine algorithm, RSFC features demonstrated good performance in classifying the HIE and healthy newborns into separate groups. Our results indicate the utility of fNIRS-connectivity patterns as potential biomarkers for HIE and fNIRS as a new bedside tool for newborns with HIE.